bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEX‐2‐TKA ‐ DEXamethasone twice for pain treatment after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Detailed statistical analysis plan for a randomized, blinded, three‐group multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Gasbjerg Kasper S. , Hägi‐Pedersen Daniel , Lunn Troels H. , Overgaard Søren , Pedersen Niels Anker , Bagger Jens , Lindholm Peter , Brorson Stig , Schrøder Henrik M. , Thybo Kasper H. , Mathiesen Ole , Jakobsen Janus C. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundOptimization of post‐operative pain treatment is of upmost importance. Multimodal analgesia is the main post‐operative pain treatment principle, but the evidence on optimal analgesic combinations is unclear. With the “DEXamethasone twice for pain treatment after TKA” trial, we aim to investigate the role of one or two doses of glucocorticoid for post‐operative pain treatment after total knee arthroplasty. To ensure transparency and minimization of bias, we present this article with a detailed statistical analysis plan, to be published before the last participant is enrolled.Methods“DEXamethasone twice for pain treatment after TKA” (DEX‐2‐TKA) is a randomized, blinded, three‐group multicentre clinical trial. Participants will be randomized to one of three intervention groups: single dose of iv dexamethasone 24 mg, two consecutive doses of iv dexamethasone 24 mg or matching iv placebo. All three intervention groups will receive paracetamol, NSAID (ibuprofen) and local infiltration analgesia. Participants, treatment providers, outcome assessors, data managers, statisticians and conclusion drawers will be blinded to the allocated intervention. The primary outcome is total opioid consumption (iv morphine milligram equivalents) 0‐48 hours post‐operatively. Secondary outcomes are (1) visual analogue scale pain levels: (a) during active 45 degrees flexion of the knee at 24 and 48 hours post‐operatively, (b) at rest at 24 and 48 hours post‐operatively, and (c) during 0‐24 hours (highest score) and 24‐48 hours post‐operatively (highest score); and (2) the proportion of participants with one or more adverse events within 48 hours post‐operatively.DiscussionThe DEX‐2‐TKA trial will provide high quality data regarding benefits and harms of adding one or two high‐doses of dexamethasone to a multimodal analgesic regimen.Trial registrationEudraCT: 2018‐001099‐39 (08/06‐18); ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03506789 (24/04‐2019).
Traumatic experiences, ICD‐11 PTSD, ICD‐11 complex PTSD, and the overlap with ICD‐10 diagnoses
Authors: Møller L. , Augsburger M. , Elklit A. , Søgaard U. , Simonsen E. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThis study investigated the frequency of traumatic experiences, prevalence rates of ICD‐11 post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD), and overlap with ICD‐10 classified disorders in outpatient psychiatry.MethodOverall, 165 Danish psychiatric outpatients answered the International Trauma Questionnaire, the Life Event Checklist, and the World Health Organization Well‐being Index. ICD‐10 diagnoses were extracted from the hospital record. Chi‐square analysis, t‐tests, and conditional probability analysis were used for statistical analysis.ResultsNearly, all patients (94%) had experienced at least one traumatic event. CPTSD (36%) was more common than PTSD (8%) and had considerable overlap with ICD‐10 affective, anxiety, PTSD, personality, adjustment and stress‐reaction disorders, and behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence. ICD‐11 PTSD overlapped with ICD‐10 anxiety, PTSD, adjustment and stress‐reaction disorders, and behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence. A subgroup of patients with ICD‐10 PTSD (23%) did not meet criteria for ICD‐11 PTSD or CPTSD.ConclusionTraumatic experiences are common. ICD‐11 CPTSD is a highly prevalent disorder in psychiatric outpatients. One quarter with ICD‐10 PTSD did not meet criteria for either ICD‐11 PTSD or CPTSD. PTSD and CPTSD had considerable overlap with ICD‐10 disorders.
Absolute and relative differential blood count predicts survival of AJCC stage I‐II melanoma patients scheduled for sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Wagner Nikolaus B , Luttermann Felix , Gassenmaier Maximilian , Forschner Andrea , Leiter Ulrike , Garbe Claus , Eigentler Thomas K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesElevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in metastatic melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy. However, the impact of peripheral blood cells in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is still unclear. This study was intended to characterize the impact of peripheral blood leukocytic cells on overall survival (OS) in melanoma patients undergoing SLNB.MethodsA total of 1412 AJCC stage I‐II melanoma patients scheduled for SLNB at a single institution in the period 2010–2015 with available perioperative blood tests were randomly assigned to two independent cohorts. Associations of peripheral blood leukocytes with OS were analysed using Kaplan–Meier estimator and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsNLR >4.26, absolute neutrophil count >5800/µL, relative neutrophil count >69.7% and relative lymphocyte count ≤ 17.5% were significantly associated with reduced OS in both cohorts. Absolute monocytes >810/µL, absolute eosinophils ≤200/µL, relative monocytes >6.6%, relative eosinophils ≤2.7% and relative basophils ≤0.6% were significantly associated with reduced OS in one cohort each. On multivariate analysis, a combined score including absolute levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils was significantly associated with OS in both cohorts. The hazard ratio of patients with a risk score of 3–4 was 5.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.52–19.42, P = 0.0094) in cohort 1 and 9.42 (2.06–43.06, P = 0.0038) in cohort 2, respectively.ConclusionsWe conclude that peripheral blood leukocytes are independently associated with OS in stage I‐II melanoma patients and should be considered as prognostic markers in these patients. Eosinophils and basophils deserve more attention in future investigations.
Determining the effective pre‐oxygenation interval in obstetric patients using high‐flow nasal oxygen and standard flow rate facemask: a biased‐coin up–down sequential allocation trial
Authors: Au K. , Shippam W. , Taylor J. , Albert A. , Chau A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryUsing biased‐coin sequential allocation, we sought to determine the effective time interval in 90% of healthy parturients to achieve a target endpoint end‐tidal oxygen of ≥ 90% using standard flow rate facemask and high‐flow nasal oxygen. Eighty healthy parturients were randomly assigned to standard facemask (n = 40) or high‐flow nasal oxygen (n = 40) groups; half of the parturients in the high‐flow nasal oxygen group also used a simple no‐flow facemask to minimise air entrainment. The effective time interval for 90% of parturients to achieve the target endpoint for standard facemask was 3.6 min (95%CI 3.3–6.7 min), but could not be estimated for the high‐flow nasal oxygen groups with or without an additional simple facemask, as eight minutes was insufficient to achieve the target endpoint for 55% and 92% of parturients, respectively. Furthermore, after three minutes, the target endpoint was reached by 71% in the standard facemask group vs. 0% in the high‐flow nasal oxygen groups. After four minutes, the target endpoint was reached by 100% in the standard facemask, 80% in the high‐flow nasal oxygen with simple facemask and 67% in the high‐flow nasal oxygen groups. Beyond four minutes, there was no improvement in pre‐oxygenation success using high‐flow nasal oxygen. In conclusion, under the conditions of our study, the effective time interval for 90% of parturients to achieve an end‐tidal oxygen ≥ 90% for standard flow rate facemask was estimated to be 3.6 min, but could not be estimated for high‐flow nasal oxygen groups even after eight minutes.
Fibrin lysability is associated with central obesity and inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Godtfredsen Anne C. M. , Sidelmann Johannes J. , Gram Jørgen B. , Andersen Marianne , Glintborg Dorte 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by increased central fat mass (CFM), hyper‐inflammation, and hemostatic alterations; the risk of cardiovascular disease may also be increased. Reduced fibrin lysability is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed fibrin lysability in women with PCOS and controls of similar age and body mass index.Material and methodsNinety women with PCOS and 35 controls of comparable age and body mass index were included. Hemostatic markers (fibrin lysability, fibrinogen, coagulation factor XIII, plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [PAI‐1], plasmin inhibitor, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), D‐dimer), C‐reactive protein (CRP), body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, CFM determined by Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan, and sex hormones (testosterone estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin) were determined.ResultsTAFI and CRP were higher in women with PCOS, than controls. In women with PCOS, fibrin lysability correlated with CFM, waist‐to‐hip ratio, CRP, fibrinogen, and all hemostatic variables (P ≤ .004) except TAFI and D‐dimer. CFM correlated with fibrinogen, CRP, coagulation factor XIII, waist‐to‐hip ratio, plasminogen, PAI‐1, plasmin inhibitor, and TAFI (P < .02). In controls, fibrin lysability correlated with CFM, fibrinogen, coagulation factor XIII, and plasmin inhibitor (P ≤ .02). CFM correlated with PAI‐1, plasmin inhibitor, coagulation factor XIII, fibrinogen, and CRP (P ≤ .05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that fibrin lysability was associated with CFM, fibrinogen and CRP in women with PCOS (r2 = .46, P ≤ .001), but only with CFM in controls (r2 = .28, P < .001).ConclusionsFibrin lysability was comparable in women with PCOS and controls. Fibrin lysability was associated with CFM and hyper‐inflammation in women with PCOS, but only with CFM in controls. These findings suggest that obese women with PCOS and augmented inflammation could have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
New Zealand ophthalmologists' opinions and behaviours on climate, carbon and sustainability
Authors: Chandra Pratik , Gale Jesse , Murray Neil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImportanceOphthalmology faces imperatives to improve sustainability, but there is uncertainty about how to respond.BackgroundWe sought New Zealand ophthalmologists' opinions on climate change, sustainability and the role of ophthalmologists in responding to these issues, as well as information on the extent that ophthalmology practices are acting on sustainability.DesignAnonymous online survey of New Zealand fellows and trainees (178) of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (RANZCO) was conducted.ParticipantsForty‐seven respondents (response rate 26%) were included in the study.MethodsRespondents were asked their level of agreement with statements on climate, health and sustainability and invited to comment. Current sustainability activities were collected from clinical leaders and directors of hospital departments and private practices.Main Outcome MeasureDistribution of agreement scores was the main outcome measure.ResultsAgreement with mainstream positions on climate change was as expected. A minority of up to 19% expressed the opinion that climate change was not due to human activity, and did not require mitigation. Younger ophthalmologists tended to have greater agreement with the need for broad‐based political action on climate mitigation than those aged over 50 years. Most practices had room to improve on reducing waste, travel and carbon footprints.Conclusions and RelevanceThe majority of New Zealand ophthalmologists are concerned about anthropogenic climate change. Currently, sustainability is not a performance indicator for New Zealand district health boards, so there is limited incentive to drive improvements. These data form a reference point to compare future opinions and ophthalmology carbon footprinting.
From human invaders to problem bears: A media content analysis of grizzly bear conservation
Authors: Hughes Courtney , Foote Lee , Yarmey Nicholas T. , Hwang Christina , Thorlakson Jessica , Nielsen Scott 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcross their North American range, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) occupy a special place in human imagination, as icons of nature's rugged and raw power, to representations of safety risks and economic costs of living with carnivores. Different bear representations can also be found across news media, from controversial and sensational descriptions of attacks, tragic events and conflicts, to scientific accounts of conservation research. News media certainly has the power to pique curiosity, spark debate, or elicit emotional responses through framing and repetition of content. In turn, news stories can influence how people might interpret and internalize information about grizzly bears. Using media content analysis, we examined newsprint stories on grizzly bears across their North American range between 2000 and 2016, to understand message framing and attention cycle, as well as attitudinal expression and representative anecdote conveyed to the readership. We found that human–bear conflict stories are over‐reported compared to other narratives, where a single incidence garners more attention than a story about new scientific findings. We also found articles that included hunting frames largely originated in Alberta, likely due to the threatened species listing and hunting moratorium. Attitudinal expressions included ecological, negative or neutral, and moral sentiments toward bears. The most common representative anecdote conveyed to the readership reflected the dire state faced by grizzly bears. The bear eco‐gossip expressed in the articles we reviewed, which included clear protagonists and antagonists and the occasional man‐bites‐bear surprise, appears to be the diet of manufactured information fed to the public. Results of our study can help scientists and conservationists understand how news media portrays grizzly bears to the public and how this might influence public sentiment toward their conservation, but also identifies the roles that scientists, conservationists and journalists together can play in crafting effective, factual and engaging news stories about bears.
Multimodality imaging of tumefactive lipomatous hypertrophy of the right ventricle extending to the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Ansari‐Gilani Kianoush , Gilkeson Robert C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLipomatous hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a rare entity that is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally in an otherwise healthy individual. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of possible hemodynamic consequences of this pathology is, however, necessary to secure an appropriate treatment. Multimodality imaging with echocardiography, CT, and cardiac MR can provide useful functional and anatomic information that can help to reach this goal.
Insects in agroecosystems – an introduction
Authors: Follett Peter A. , Bruin Jan , Desneux Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAgroecology is the study of linkages in agricultural systems and it derives from the need to understand and restore natural connections and ecological complexity to control insect and other pest populations. The present special issue addresses a rich variety of agroecosystems spanning the globe, involving the roles of a range of insects on a great many crops. The overview will further improve our understanding of the complex ecology of the players and the ecological complexity of the crop systems.
Childhood physical neglect and psychotic experiences: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Authors: Stickley Andrew , Waldman Kyle , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Narita Zui , Shirama Aya , Shin Jae Il , Oh Hans 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimChildhood adversities have been linked to an increased risk for psychosis. However, as yet, there has been comparatively little research on the effects of neglect. This study examined the association between childhood physical neglect and psychotic experiences (PEs) in a general population sample.MethodsData were analysed from 2308 individuals collected during the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R). Information on lifetime PEs was collected with the WHO‐CIDI Psychosis Screen. Respondents also reported on five forms of childhood neglect (went hungry, went without necessities, went unsupervised, lacked medical care, chores too difficult/dangerous). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations.ResultsIn models adjusted for sociodemographic and psychiatric disorder variables, aggregated physical neglect scores (continuous/dichotomized) were associated with significantly increased odds for any lifetime PEs. All individual forms of neglect except went without necessities (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98‐1.50) were significantly associated with PEs with ORs ranging from 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08‐1.51, went unsupervised) to 1.53 (95% CI: 1.19‐1.97, went without medical care). In models that were further adjusted for co‐occurring forms of neglect and childhood physical abuse, doing chores that were too difficult/dangerous continued to be associated with significantly increased odds for PEs (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.61).ConclusionsChildhood physical neglect is associated with significantly increased odds for PEs in the general population. Screening for childhood adversities and PEs among potential patients may be important for the early detection of individuals at high risk for psychosis, as well as for formulating comprehensive and effective treatment plans.
Unexpected, isolated activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation: A practical mini‐review
Authors: Rasmussen Katrine Laura , Philips Malou , Tripodi Armando , Goetze Jens Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA common inquiry in coagulation laboratories is how to interpret an unexpected, isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). In this context, isolated means together with a normal prothrombin time (PT) and/or normal international normalized ratio (INR). This finding may lead to contact with laboratory doctors for further advice on a diagnostic strategy. Occasionally, the need for a diagnostic algorithm can be subacute, where surgery has to be postponed until an explanation for the isolated, prolonged APTT has been established. Activated partial thromboplastin time as a coagulation test was developed to monitor patients with hemophilia. Different APTT reagents display considerable differences in their sensitivity to deficiencies of coagulation factors. An isolated, prolonged APTT is seen in (a) individuals/patients with lupus anticoagulants, (b) patients in treatment with anticoagulants, mainly heparin, and (c) patients with deficiencies of specific coagulation factors. In this tutorial review, we summarize what may cause an isolated prolonged APTT and we present a simple diagnostic algorithm to differentiate between lupus anticoagulants (common) and factor deficiencies (rare). The identification of an isolated prolonged APTT as well as the underlying cause can be of the utmost importance in ensuring the correct therapeutic follow‐up.
No‐till System Participatory Quality Index in land management quality assessment in Brazil
Authors: Nunes Amanda L. P. , Bartz Marie L. , Mello Ivo , Bortoluzzi Jeankleber , Roloff Glaucio , Fuentes Llanillo Rafael , Canalli Lutecia , Wandscheer Cassio A. R. , Ralisch Ricardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoil fertility is the result of interactions between the physical and chemical soil attributes, affecting its biological component, which in turn feeds back to the physical and chemical soil attributes. The No‐Till System (NTS) is the main modality of Conservation Agriculture, essential to achieving farming sustainability and conserving soil fertility. However, farmers often fail to adopt the three principles of NTS: (a) minimum mechanical soil disturbance, (b) permanent soil cover and (c) plant diversification; therefore, the system currently requires a quality measurement. The NTS Participatory Quality Index (PQI) is a tool to qualify and monitor the farm system and requires the participation of the farmers themselves. The aim of this study was to assess key soil quality attributes associated with the implementation of PQI methodology during a large‐scale dissemination campaign in areas under NTS in Paraná State, Brazil (Paraná River Watershed 3), in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PQI as a tool to drive the improvement of farmers' management. Spearman's correlation coefficients were established between PQI scores and the chemical and physical soil attributes, as well as the indicators incorporated into the PQI. Data were obtained in the Paraná River Watershed 3 from 40 areas of farmland under different farm systems. Crop rotation was the primary management approach that improved soil and agricultural management quality under Brazilian conditions, and confirmed in the study region. The NTS PQI provided a way to evaluate soil management quality in the areas assessed. The rapid soil structure diagnosis proved to be a good tool for assessing soil structure.Highlights
Farmers often fail to adopt the principles of NTS; therefore, the system requires a quality measurement.
A classification system to help farmers and agricultural professionals make good soil management decisions was proposed.
The tool was trialed on 40 areas of farmland under different farm systems in the Paraná River Watershed 3.
The NTS Participatory Quality Index (PQI) was used to successfully evaluate soil management quality.
Imperfect detection alters the outcome of management strategies for protected areas
Authors: Hammill Edd , Clements Christopher F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDesigning protected area configurations to maximise biodiversity is a critical conservation goal. The configuration of protected areas can significantly impact the richness and identity of the species found there; one large patch supports larger populations but can facilitate competitive exclusion. Conversely, many small habitats spreads risk but may exclude predators that typically require large home ranges. Identifying how best to design protected areas is further complicated by monitoring programs failing to detect species. Here we test the consequences of different protected area configurations using multi‐trophic level experimental microcosms. We demonstrate that for a given total size, many small patches generate higher species richness, are more likely to contain predators, and have fewer extinctions compared to single large patches. However, the relationship between the size, number of patches, and species richness was greatly affected by insufficient monitoring, and could lead to incorrect conservation decisions, especially for higher trophic levels.