bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic screening for cervical cancer in Dakar region: prevalence and correlation with biological and socio-demographic parameters
Authors: Diouf Dominique , Diop Gora , Diarra Cheikh Ahmadou Tidian , Ngom Aminata Issa , Niane Khadija , Ndiaye Moussa , Ka Sidy , Faye Oumar , Dem Ahmadou 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is a major public health problem. In 2018, globally 569,847 cervical cancer were diagnosed and 311,000 deaths were projected due to this preventable disease. Worldwide, therefore, the cervical cancer disease ranks as the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women in 2018.
The high rate of dysplasia in Senegal and the absence of well-organized screening programs informed this study, which aims to determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia and its relationship to biological and socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods
This study is based on 1000 conventional smears collected during routine cervical cancer screening at the Gaspard Camara Health Center and the Histology - Embryology and Cytogenetics Laboratory of the Cheikh Anta DIOP University in Dakar. The smears were read according to the Bethesda and Richart systems. However, all data were returned to the Bethesda system using the correspondence table between the different classifications of squamous cell lesions of the cervix. Some of the patients with abnormal smears had colposcopy and if necessary a biopsy. Other patients with low-grade lesions were recommended to have their smears resumed in 6 months or 1 year later.

Results
Cytological analysis was performed for 1000 patients aged 16 to 82 years (mean age = 41 ± 11.16). Among these, 176 patients had abnormal smears, 23 had Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), 143 had a low-grade lesion, 9 had a high-grade lesion and 1 had carcinoma. Among the remaining 822 patients, cytological analysis revealed no suspected malignant lesions, but 623 among them had dystrophy and 2 were unsatisfactory. Among patients with abnormal smears, 104 patients (23 ASCUS + 71 low grade + 9 high grade + 1 carcinoma) had performed colposcopy, 40 of whom had normal colposcopy and 64 had abnormalities. Sixty-four (64) biopsies were performed. Four (4) were not satisfactory. However, for 26/60 biopsies, the histology was normal, 21/60 had a low grade, 11 displayed a high grade and only 2 had carcinoma. Among the 176 patients with abnormal smears, 72 low-grade patients had undergone cytological examination 6 months to 1 year later to determine the persistence, regression or progression of low-grade dysplasia. During follow-up, persistence was observed in 25% (n = 18) of cases, progression to High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was detected in 2.78% (n = 2), while 72.22% (n = 52) of the patients experienced regression.

Conclusion
In this study, the prevalence of abnormal smear was 17.60% for cytology. Meanwhile, the Colposcopy and histology confirmed just 3.40%. These results underline the interest and need for a review of the discrepancies observed between pathologists.
Durvalumab in frail and elderly patients with stage four non-small cell lung cancer: Study protocol of the randomized phase II DURATION trial
Authors: Kuon Jonas , Hommertgen Adriane , Krisam Johannes , Lasitschka Felix , Stenzinger Albrecht , Blasi Miriam , Bozorgmehr Farastuk , Maenz Martin , Kieser Meinhard , Schneider Marc , Thomas Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Elderly patients represent a major fraction of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in routine clinical practice, but they are still underrepresented in clinical trials. In particular, data regarding efficacy and safety in frail or elderly patients with respect to immunotherapy are lacking. Importantly, immunosenescence in elderly patients might interfere with activities of immune-modulating drugs such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess safety and efficacy of such inhibitors in this group.

Methods/design
This prospective, open label, treatment stratified, randomized phase II study will enroll 200 patients with stage IV NSCLC amenable at least to single-agent chemotherapy (CT). Eligible patients must be aged 70 years or older and/or “frail” (Charlson Comorbidity Index > 1) or have a restricted performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, ECOG > 1).
Patients are stratified according to modified Cancer and Age Research Group (CARG) score: “fit” patients are allocated to combination CT (carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel) and “less fit” patients receive single-agent CT (gemcitabine or vinorelbine). After allocation to strata, patients are randomized 1:1 to receive either four cycles of CT or two cycles of CT followed by two cycles of durvalumab and subsequent maintenance treatment with durvalumab every 4 weeks.
The primary endpoint is the rate of treatment-related grade III/IV adverse events (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) V4.03). As secondary endpoints, progression-free survival (PFS) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) version 1.1, response rate (RR), overall survival (OS), descriptive subgroup analyses according to PD-L1 expression, and quality of life are addressed. Geriatric screening assessments and functional tests will be performed to complete the phenotyping of a potential “frail” and “elderly” patient cohort. The trial is accompanied by a biomaterial repository to explore potential biomarkers.

Discussion
The DURATION trial will prospectively investigate the safety and tolerability of anti-PD-L1 treatment with durvalumab after chemotherapy in elderly and frail patients and thereby provide new insights into the effect of PD-L1 blockade and the impact of immunosenescence in this cohort of patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03345810; initially registered on 17 November 2017.
Eudra-CT, 2016–003963-20; initially registered on 3 January 2017.
Phenylethanol glycosides from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis var. chekiangensis
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liu Di , Wei Shuxiang , Cao Shijie , Feng Xinchi , Wang Kai , Ding Liqin , Qiu Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree new phenylethanol glycosides (1-3) and one known analogue (4) were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bge. var. chekiangensis. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first isolation of phenylethanol glycosides from the genus of Aesculus, which enriched its chemical composition. Structure elucidations were performed via extensive NMR and HRESIMS data together with comparison with literature data. Thereafter, the isolated compounds were assayed for their neuroprotective activities against CoCl2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and compound 3 exhibited moderate activity. "Image missing"
Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV) negatively affects Mayaro virus infection in Anopheles gambiae cells and mosquitoes
Authors: Urakova Nadya , Brustolin Marco , Joseph Renuka E. , Johnson Rebecca M. , Pujhari Sujit , Rasgon Jason L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent studies demonstrate that insect-specific viruses can influence the ability of their mosquito hosts to become infected with and transmit arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interactions between Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV) (Parvoviridae) (a benign insect-specific virus that infects An. gambiae mosquitoes) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) (Togaviridae) (an emerging human pathogen that can be transmitted by An. gambiae) in both insect cell culture and mosquitoes.

Methods
For in vitro studies, An. gambiae Mos55 cells infected or uninfected with AgDNV were infected with MAYV. For in vivo studies, An. gambiae mosquitoes were injected intrathoracically with AgDNV and 4 days later orally infected with MAYV. Mosquitoes were dissected 10 days after MAYV infection, and MAYV titers in the body, legs and saliva samples quantified using focus-forming assay.

Results
MAYV virus replication was reduced 10–100-fold in An. gambiae Mos55 cells infected with AgDNV. In mosquitoes, there was a significant negative correlation between AgDNV and MAYV body titers 10 days post-blood meal.

Conclusions
AgDNV infection was associated with reduced production of MAYV in cell culture, and reduced body titers of MAYV in An. gambiae mosquitoes. As densovirus infections are common in natural mosquito populations, these data suggest that they may affect the epidemiology of viruses of medical importance.
Sonographic exploration for fascial exploration (SEFE) in necrotizing fasciitis: a case report
Authors: Fozard Jessica , Shafer Krystle , Kehrl Thompson 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections are life-threatening conditions. Reliance on gas in tissue planes leads to worsened outcomes in patients with non-gas forming types of necrotizing fasciitis (NF).

Case presentation
We present a case of Group A Strep (GAS) necrotizing fasciitis, which was identified at bedside with point-of-care ultrasound (US) including an area of subfascial fluid. Computerized tomography only revealed diffuse cellulitic changes. Patient was taken to the operating room where fascial exploration was not performed at the concerning area seen on ultrasound and thus falsely negative. The patient subsequently developed multi-system organ failure and required amputation of the limb due to rapid spread of GAS NF.

Conclusion
We suggest an US protocol to help identify optimal areas for fascial exploration—sonographic exploration for fascial exploration (SEFE).
Severe eosinophilic asthma and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease associated to eosinophilic gastroenteritis treated with mepolizumab: a case report
Authors: Caruso C. , Colantuono S. , Pugliese D. , Di Mario C. , Tolusso B. , Gremese E. , Papparella G. , Castrì F. , Gasbarrini A. , Romano A. , Armuzzi A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Mepolizumab (MEP) is the first anti Interleukin (IL)-5 add-on therapy approved for the treatment of severe refractory eosinophilic asthma.

Case presentation
We describe here the case of a 49 years-old woman with Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis successfully treated with MEP. Several laboratory and clinical items improved during therapy; moreover MEP showed to be useful as steroid sparing agent.

Conclusions
This case supports that the use of mepolizumab can be effective also in other eosinophilic conditions different from asthma and this opens to new therapeutic perspectives.
Inductive transfer learning for molecular activity prediction: Next-Gen QSAR Models with MolPMoFiT
Authors: Li Xinhao , Fourches Denis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeep neural networks can directly learn from chemical structures without extensive, user-driven selection of descriptors in order to predict molecular properties/activities with high reliability. But these approaches typically require large training sets to learn the endpoint-specific structural features and ensure reasonable prediction accuracy. Even though large datasets are becoming the new normal in drug discovery, especially when it comes to high-throughput screening or metabolomics datasets, one should also consider smaller datasets with challenging endpoints to model and forecast. Thus, it would be highly relevant to better utilize the tremendous compendium of unlabeled compounds from publicly-available datasets for improving the model performances for the user’s particular series of compounds. In this study, we propose the Molecular Prediction Model Fine-Tuning (MolPMoFiT) approach, an effective transfer learning method based on self-supervised pre-training + task-specific fine-tuning for QSPR/QSAR modeling. A large-scale molecular structure prediction model is pre-trained using one million unlabeled molecules from ChEMBL in a self-supervised learning manner, and can then be fine-tuned on various QSPR/QSAR tasks for smaller chemical datasets with specific endpoints. Herein, the method is evaluated on four benchmark datasets (lipophilicity, FreeSolv, HIV, and blood–brain barrier penetration). The results showed the method can achieve strong performances for all four datasets compared to other state-of-the-art machine learning modeling techniques reported in the literature so far.
The global prevalence of Daptomycin, Tigecycline, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, and Linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase–negative staphylococci strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shariati Aref , Dadashi Masoud , Chegini Zahra , van Belkum Alex , Mirzaii Mehdi , Khoramrooz Seyed Sajjad , Darban-Sarokhalil Davood 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) are among the main causes of nosocomial infections, which have caused major problems in recent years due to continuously increasing spread of various antibiotic resistance features. Apparently, vancomycin is still an effective antibiotic for treatment of infections caused by these bacteria but in recent years, additional resistance phenotypes have led to the accelerated introduction of newer agents such as linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D). Due to limited data availability on the global rate of resistance to these antibiotics, in the present study, the resistance rates ofS. aureus, Methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA), and CoNS to these antibiotics were collected.MethodSeveral databases including web of science, EMBASE, and Medline (via PubMed), were searched (September 2018) to identify those studies that address MRSA, and CONS resistance to linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin, and Q/D around the world.ResultMost studies that reported resistant staphylococci were from the United States, Canada, and the European continent, while African and Asian countries reported the least resistance to these antibiotics. Our results showed that linezolid had the best inhibitory effect onS. aureus.Although resistances to this antibiotic have been reported from different countries, however, due to the high volume of the samples and the low number of resistance, in terms of statistical analyzes, the resistance to this antibiotic is zero.Moreover, linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline effectively (99.9%) inhibit MRSA. Studies have shown that CoNS with 0.3% show the lowest resistance to linezolid and daptomycin, while analyzes introduced tigecycline with 1.6% resistance as the least effective antibiotic for these bacteria. Finally, MRSA and CoNS had a greater resistance to Q/D with 0.7 and 0.6%, respectively and due to its significant side effects and drug-drug interactions; it appears that its use is subject to limitations.ConclusionThe present study shows that resistance to new agents is low in staphylococci and these antibiotics can still be used for treatment of staphylococcal infections in the world.
Distribution of brain metastases: low-risk metastasis areas may be avoided when treating with whole-brain radiotherapy
Authors: Lin Binwei , Huang Dan , Yang Xiyue , Zhang Yu , Gang Feng , Du Xiao Bo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
Previous work has demonstrated that metastases are not uniformly distributed across the brain. This study aims to determine there are low-risk brain metastasis (BM) areas that may be avoided during whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) to reduce neurocognitive toxicity.

Methods
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 991 metastases in 192 patients with advanced cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Eleven anatomically defined regions of interest (ROIs) were contoured, and the locations of the BMs were recorded. Using the same definition, ROIs were contoured in 20 healthy volunteers.The proportions of patients with BMs in different ROIs, proportion of BMs, and proportion of different ROI volumes relative to the total volume were calculated.

Results
The proportion of observed BMs was lower than expected in the brainstem, insula, diencephalon and internal structures, corpus callosum, and pituitary gland. The proportion of BMs was significantly higher than expected in the parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and cerebellum. For those patients with single BM, there was very low rate of low-risk ROIs involvement (0%), with 2–4 BMs, 6–13% of the patients had low-risk ROIs involvement, with ≥5 BMs, significant (> 30%) of the patients had low-risk ROIs involvement.

Conclusion
The brainstem, insula, diencephalon and internal structures, corpus callosum, and pituitary gland demonstrate low risk for metastatic involvement. Involvement of low risk areas occurs in patients with more than 1 BM.
Influence of unstable psychological condition on the quality of life of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Takahashi Junko , Abe Takaya , Kaneko Mariko , Sasaki Nariyuki , Takasawa Yumiko , Kato Tetsuo , Matsuura Tomohiko , Sugimura Jun , Fukumoto Kentaro , Otsuka Kotaro , Obara Wataru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Hemodialysis patients tend to be in “unstable psychological conditions” because of complications and physical activity restriction. This study aimed to investigate unusual psychological factors and their influence on the quality of life (QOL) of hemodialysis patients.

Methods
This study targeted 55 patients who had experienced > 1 year of stable maintenance outpatient hemodialysis. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate unusual psychological conditions. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) was used to evaluate QOL. Participants were grouped into “unstable psychological conditions” if HADS indicated that “depression is suspected” or “suspected depression, anxiety stated” (“Anxiety/Depression group”); this group was then compared to the “Stable group”.

Results
A total of 18 participants (32.7%) were included in the “Anxiety/Depression group”, and all QOL scores in this group were lower than those in the “Stable group”. In particular, a significantly low value was shown in the respective criteria such as “effects of kidney disease,” “social support,” and “general health perceptions”.

Conclusions
A possibility was suggested that the major causes were the restrictions of social activity by hospital visits and treatment and unique psychological conditions.
Situating space: using a discipline-focused lens to examine spatial thinking skills
Authors: Atit Kinnari , Uttal David H. , Stieff Mike 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpatial skills are an important component of success in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. A majority of what we know about spatial skills today is a result of more than 100 years of research focused on understanding and identifying the kinds of skills that make up this skill set. Over the last two decades, the field has recognized that, unlike the spatial skills measured by psychometric tests developed by psychology researchers, the spatial problems faced by STEM experts vary widely and are multifaceted. Thus, many psychological researchers have embraced an interdisciplinary approach to studying spatial thinking with the aim of understanding the nature of this skill set as it occurs within STEM disciplines. In a parallel effort, discipline-based education researchers specializing in STEM domains have focused much of their research on understanding how to bolster students’ skills in completing domain-specific spatial tasks. In this paper, we discuss four lessons learned from these two programs of research to enhance the field’s understanding of spatial thinking in STEM domains. We demonstrate each contribution by aligning findings from research on three distinct STEM disciplines: structural geology, surgery, and organic chemistry. Lastly, we discuss the potential implications of these contributions to STEM education.
Optimization of in vitro culture conditions affecting propagation of mulberry plant
Authors: Taha Hussein , Ghazy Usama Mohamed , Gabr Ahmed Mohamed Magdy , EL-Kazzaz Ahmed Ahmed Ahmed , Ahmed Eman Abdel Mottaleb Mahmoud , Haggag Karima Mohamed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Mulberry Morus spp. L. Family Moraceae is a perennial tree crop cultivated worldwide for foliage, fruit, fuel wood, and medicine, as well as for several other sericulture and industrial purposes. Mulberry trees are grown in more than 50 countries covering temperate, subtropical, and tropical zones as a plantation crop.

Methodology
In this study, different stages of in vitro propagation mulberry plant were investigated. In the sterilization stage, different concentrations 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 (%) of mercuric chloride (MC) for 10 min were used. Also, the effect of supplementation of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/l of BAp or TDZ on the multiplication stage was investigated. Moreover, the impact of the fortified MS medium with 1 mg/l IAA or NAA or IBA on enhancement of root system proliferation was studied. Furthermore, the effect of reculturing in vitro derived plantlets on peatmoss, perlite, and/or vermiculate for in vivo acclimatization and hardening was investigated.

Results
A simple and efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of different varieties of Morus alba (yue 11, sha 2x lun 109, morittina, kokuso 27, and kantava 2) was established. Sterilization of shoot tips and auxiliary buds with 0.2% of mercuric chloride (MC) for 10 min was the best to get sterilized and survival explants. In vitro mulberry multiplication of yue 11, sha 2x lun 109, morittina, kokuso 27, and kantava auxiliary buds cultured on the MS medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l BA gave the best results of the multiplication rates, maximum number of shoots/explant, and highest shoot length (cm), respectively. Moreover, culturing of derived mulberry shoots on the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA enhanced totally growth figures of root system formation suitable for acclimatization and hardening of in vitro derived mulberry plants. Acclimatization and hardening successfully processed with canava 2, morittina, yue 11, sha2x, and kokuso of mulberry cultivars, respectively.

Conclusion
The described protocol in this investigation ensures a round-the-year in vitro propagation of mulberry plant with faster rate of multiplication of true-to-type plants, which will provide a useful tool for large-scale multiplication of other mulberry varieties.
Roles of nanoparticles and heat generation/absorption on MHD flow of Ag–H2O nanofluid via porous stretching/shrinking convergent/divergent channel
Authors: Mishra Ashish , Pandey Alok Kumar , Chamkha Ali J. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article unveils the combined impact of heat generation/absorption and Joule heating on MHD flow of Ag-H2O nanofluid into a porous stretching/shrinking divergent/convergent channel with viscous dissipation and solid volume fraction. The mathematical modeling is presented for the existing equations of continuity, momentum, and energy fraction. The reduced boundary value problem is solved numerically employing Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method via shooting scheme and then the outcomes are sketched and interpreted. The results explore that the thermal boundary layer thickness of the stretching divergent and the shrinking divergent channels enhance by increasing the value of the Eckert number, while the opposite tendency is scrutinized on the momentum boundary layer thickness by increasing the value of the porosity parameter for the stretching divergent and the shrinking convergent channels.