bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of patient positioning uncertainty in noncoplanar intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Yoshihiro , Oita Masataka , Inomata Shinichiro , Fuse Toshiaki , Akino Yuichi , Shimomura Kohei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the patient positioning uncertainty in noncoplanar stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) for intracranial lesions with the frameless 6D ExacTrac system. In all, 28 patients treated with SRS/SRT of 70 treatment plans at our institution were evaluated in this study. Two X‐ray images with the frameless 6D ExacTrac system were first acquired to correct (XC) and verify (XV) the patient position at a couch angle of 0º. Subsequently, the XC and XV images were also acquired at each planned couch angle for using noncoplanar beams to detect position errors caused by rotating a couch. The translational XC and XV shift values at each couch angle were calculated for each plan. The percentages of the translational XC shift values within 1.0 mm for each planned couch angle for using noncoplanar beams were 77.86%, 72.26%, and 98.47% for the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions, respectively. Those within 2.0 mm were 98.22%, 97.96%, and 99.75% for the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions, respectively. The maximum absolute values of the translational XC shifts among all planned couch angles for using noncoplanar beams were 2.69, 2.45, and 2.17 mm for the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions, respectively. The overall absolute values of the translational XV shifts were less than 1.0 mm for all directions except for one case in the longitudinal direction. The patient position errors were detected after couch rotation for using noncoplanar beams, and they exceeded a planning target volume (PTV) margin of 1.0–2.0 mm used commonly in SRS/SRT treatment. These errors need to be corrected at each planned couch angle, or the PTV margin should be enlarged.
Secukinumab 150/300 mg Provides Sustained Improvements in the Signs and Symptoms of Active Ankylosing Spondylitis: 3‐Year Results from the Phase 3 MEASURE 3 Study
Authors: Pavelka Karel , Kivitz Alan J. , Dokoupilova Eva , Blanco Ricardo , Maradiaga Marco , Tahir Hasan , Wang Yi , Porter Brian O. , Stefanska Anna , Richards Hanno B. , Rohrer Susanne ,   the MEASURE 3 study group
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveSecukinumab 150 mg has demonstrated significant improvement in signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), with response rates sustained for up to 5 years. Here, we report end‐of‐study 3‐year efficacy and safety results of secukinumab 150 and 300 mg from the MEASURE 3 study.MethodsA total of 226 patients was randomized to intravenous secukinumab 10 mg/kg (baseline, weeks 2 and 4) followed by subcutaneous (s.c.) secukinumab 300/150 mg every 4 weeks or a matched placebo. At week 16, placebo patients were re‐randomized to s.c. secukinumab 300/150 mg. Analysis at week 156 included patients initially randomized to secukinumab and those who switched from placebo to secukinumab at week 16 (any secukinumab 300/150 mg). Outcome measures at week 156 included Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) 20/40, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, ASAS partial remission (PR), ASAS 5/6, and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score–C‐reactive protein inactive disease.ResultsThe retention rates from weeks 16 to 156 were 80.5% and 80.9% in secukinumab 300 and 150 mg, respectively. ASAS 20/40 response rates at week 156 were 75.0%/56.5% and 68.2%/47.7% for secukinumab 300 and 150 mg, respectively. At week 156, response rates on more stringent clinical end points (eg, ASAS 40, ASAS‐PR) were higher with the 300‐mg dose, particularly in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–inadequate responder (IR) patients. No new safety findings were observed.ConclusionSecukinumab (300 and 150 mg) provided sustained improvements through 3 years in the signs and symptoms of active AS. Improvements with secukinumab 300 mg were numerically higher compared with the 150‐mg dose for some higher hurdle end points and in TNF‐IR patients. The safety profile of secukinumab was consistent with previous reports.
Red AIE‐Active Fluorescent Probes with Tunable Organelle‐Specific Targeting
Authors: Alam Parvej , He Wei , Leung Nelson L. C. , Ma Chao , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Wong Kam Sing , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCell staining is a fascinating research area where monitoring and visualizing different cell organelles can be done using fluorescence techniques. However, the design and synthesis of organelle‐targeting fluorophores is still a challenge for several specific organelles. Herein, a platform for synthesizing efficient red‐emitting aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with donor–acceptor characteristics is reported. The core molecule can be easily functionalized in order to modulate organelle targeting. The three synthesized AIEgens exhibit quantum yields of up to 39.3% and two‐photon absorption cross‐section values of up to 162 GM. The two zwitterionic AIEgens, CDPP‐3SO3 and CDPP‐4SO3, with the sulfonate function group, are successfully utilized for specific one‐photon and two‐photon imaging of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in live human cells. Substituting the zwitterionic nature with a singly positive charge group, one‐photon and two‐photon imaging of CDPP‐BzBr shows mitochondrial specificity, indicating the importance of the zwitterionic group for ER‐targeting. Owing to the good in vitro photostability, cell viability, and high efficiency, these red dyes serve as a good potential candidate for specific organelle targeting, as well as illustrate how such a platform can easily aid in the study of structure–property relationships for designing such probes.
Pinning of the Fermi Level in CuFeO2 by Polaron Formation Limiting the Photovoltage for Photochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Hermans Yannick , Klein Andreas , Sarker Hori Pada , Huda Mohammad N. , Junge Henrik , Toupance Thierry , Jaegermann Wolfram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCuFeO2 is recognized as a potential photocathode for photo(electro)chemical water splitting. However, photocurrents with CuFeO2‐based systems are rather low so far. In order to optimize charge carrier separation and water reduction kinetics, defined CuFeO2/Pt, CuFeO2/Ag, and CuFeO2/NiOx(OH)y heterostructures are made in this work through a photodeposition procedure based on a 2H CuFeO2 hexagonal nanoplatelet shaped powder. However, water splitting performance tests in a closed batch photoreactor show that these heterostructured powders exhibit limited water reduction efficiencies. To test whether Fermi level pinning intrinsically limits the water reduction capacity of CuFeO2, the Fermi level tunability in CuFeO2 is evaluated by creating CuFeO2/ITO and CuFeO2/H2O interfaces and analyzing the electronic and chemical properties of the interfaces through photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that Fermi level pinning at the Fe3+/Fe2+ electron polaron formation level may intrinsically prohibit CuFeO2 from acquiring enough photovoltage to reach the water reduction potential. This result is complemented with density functional theory calculations as well.
Sensitive Direct Converting X‐Ray Detectors Utilizing Crystalline CsPbBr3 Perovskite Films Fabricated via Scalable Melt Processing
Authors: Matt Gebhard J. , Levchuk Ievgen , Knüttel Judith , Dallmann Johannes , Osvet Andres , Sytnyk Mykhailo , Tang Xiaofeng , Elia Jack , Hock Rainer , Heiss Wolfgang , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere the fabrication of an inorganic metal‐halide perovskite CsPbBr3 based X‐ray detector is reported utilizing a simple, scalable, and cost‐sensitive melt processing directly on substrate of any size. X‐ray diffraction analysis on the several 100 mm thick melt processed films confirms crystalline domains in the cm2 range. The CsPbBr3 film features a resistance of 8.5 GΩ cm and a hole mobility of 18 cm2 V−1 s−1. An X‐ray to current conversion rate of 1450 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 at an electric field of 1.2 × 104 V cm−1 and a detection limit in the sub µGyair s−1 regime is demonstrated. The high crystallinity and chemical purity of the melt processed CsPbBr3 films are suggested to be responsible for a performance which is on par to current state‐of‐the‐art Cd(Zn)Te based X‐ray detector technology.
All‐Optical Control of Microfiber Knot Resonator Based on 2D Ti2CTx MXene
Authors: Wu Qing , Huang Weichun , Wang Yunzheng , Wang Cong , Zheng Zheng , Chen Hong , Zhang Meng , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAll‐optical devices based on 2D materials have attracted great attention for desirable applications, such as communications and signal processing. However, the previously reported all‐fiber all‐optical devices utilizing the interferometer structures greatly limit their practical applications due to the poor anti‐interference ability and slow modulation rate. In this work, an all‐optical device has been demonstrated based on a microfiber knot resonator (MKR) deposited with Ti2CTx MXene, exhibiting a large photothermal conversion efficiency and high thermal conductivity. Experimental results show that the proposed all‐optical device is capable of producing a high‐performance phase and intensity modulation with a high modulation efficiency, fast response time, and good stability. Therefore, it is anticipated that the MKR‐based all‐optical devices based on 2D materials can pave the way to a new design of high‐performance all‐optical devices and have great potentials in the future optical information processing.
Electrically Switchable Color Tags Based on Active Liquid‐Crystal Plasmonic Metasurface Platform
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Hendler Netta , Ellenbogen Tal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent demonstrations of metasurfaces show their great potential to realize flat and multifunctional optical elements, viable for many new device applications. Yet, a major frontier in this field is to develop active, tunable, and reconfigurable metasurface platforms. These are highly desirable in modern technologies that require dynamic modulation of light. To achieve this goal, in this work an active liquid‐crystal (LC) plasmonic metasurface integrated system is developed and studied. It is specifically used to demonstrate electrically switchable plasmonic‐metasurface‐based color tags. The active tags utilize the ability to rotate the polarization of incident light, by application of an external electric field on twisted nematic liquid crystal configuration. Combined with the wavelength and polarization‐selective response of the metasurface, it allows to obtain electrically controlled transmission colors potentially spanning the entire visible spectrum. It is experimentally demonstrated that the dynamic wavelength shift in the devices is greater than 100 nm at a low driving voltage varying from 0 to 5 V. These experimental results indicate the potential of active LC‐plasmonic metasurface platforms to realize the next‐generation dynamic optical devices.
Chameleon‐Like Thermochromic Luminescent Materials with Controllable Response Behaviors for Multilevel Security Printing
Authors: Ma Yun , Dong Yafang , Liu Suyi , She Pengfei , Lu Jinyu , Liu Shujuan , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaterials exhibiting reversible changes of their photoluminescence properties upon exposure to heat have an immense potential in various advanced photonic applications. Particularly, the control over an on‐demand response of thermochromic luminescent materials (TLMs) similar to a chameleon is of great importance. However, it is still difficult and challenging to achieve it. Therefore, this paper reports a simple and effective way to construct TLMs, which involves the incorporation of the metal–ligand complexes into polyethylene glycol (PEG). Ratiometric or off–on response modes of these TLMs can be tuned by incorporating metal complexes based on either Zn2+ or Co2+ into PEG and by taking advantage of reversible metal–ligand coordination, dissociation, or excited‐state conformation changes of the resulting materials. Moreover, by choosing PEG matrices with different molecular weights, the thermochromic transition temperatures of these TLMs can be tuned. It is also demonstrated that the controllable response behavior of these chameleon‐like TLMs can be used in applications related to real‐life anti‐counterfeiting and security printing. This work opens novel opportunities for the development of smart materials with controllable responses useful for advanced photonic applications.
Property Predictions for Dual‐Phase Steels Using Persistent Homology and Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Lei , Ogawa Toshio , Adachi Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaterials informatics seeks to establish microstructure–property linkage hidden in materials. A topological analysis of persistent homology and machine learning are combined to model microstructure–property linkage for dual‐phase steels, where a descriptor of persistent images is employed to characterize the microstructure and stress–strain curves are predicted using an artificial neural network. The correlations between stress and microstructure descriptor of persistent images are estimated using sensitivity analysis, Bayesian information criterion, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), respectively. The three methods identify consistent correlations, indicating that persistent images are capable of interpreting properties. Furthermore, the established artificial neural network model exhibits good accuracy and satisfactory property prediction performance. The proposed approach is expected to provide a new avenue for materials informatics and thus promote materials research.
A Soft Transporter Robot Fueled by Light
Authors: Pilz da Cunha Marina , Ambergen Sebastiaan , Debije Michael G. , Homburg Erik F. G. A. , den Toonder Jaap M. J. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMobile organisms with ability for locomotion and transportation, such as humans and other animals, utilize orchestrated actuation to perform actions. Mimicking these functionalities in synthetic, light‐responsive untethered soft‐bodied devices remains a challenge. Inspired by multitasking and mobile biological systems, an untethered soft transporter robot with controlled multidirectional locomotion with the ability of picking up, transporting, and delivering cargo driven entirely by blue light is created. The soft robot design is an ensemble of light‐responsive liquid crystalline polymers that can harness motion either collectively or individually to obtain a high degree of motion control for the execution of advanced tasks in a dry environment. Through orchestrated motion of the device's “legs”, single displacement strides, which exceed 4 mm and can be taken in any direction, allow for locomotion around objects. Untethered cargo transportation is demonstrated by a pickup and release mechanism using the device's “arms”. This strategy demonstrates the constructive harnessing of orchestrated motion in assemblies of established actuators, performing complex functions, mimicking constructive behavior seen in nature.
High‐Valence Nickel Single‐Atom Catalysts Coordinated to Oxygen Sites for Extraordinarily Activating Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Yaguang , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Lu Pengfei , Wang Xiao , Liu Wei , Liu Zhibo , Ma Jingyuan , Ren Wencai , Jiang Zheng , Bao Xinhe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are efficient for maximizing electrocatalytic activity, but have unsatisfactory activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the NaCl template synthesis of individual nickel (Ni) SACs is reported, bonded to oxygen sites on graphene‐like carbon (denoted as Ni‐O‐G SACs) with superior activity and stability for OER. A variety of characterizations unveil that the Ni‐O‐G SACs present 3D porous framework constructed by ultrathin graphene sheets, single Ni atoms, coordinating nickel atoms to oxygen. Consequently, the catalysts are active and robust for OER with extremely low overpotential of 224 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2, 42 mV dec−1 Tafel slope, oxygen production turn over frequency of 1.44 S−1 at 300 mV, and long‐term durability without significant degradation for 50 h at exceptionally high current of 115 mA cm−1, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art OER SACs. A theoretical simulation further reveals that the bonding between single nickel and oxygen sites results in the extraordinary boosting of OER performance of Ni‐O‐G SACs. Therefore, this work opens numerous opportunities for creating unconventional SACs via metal–oxygen bonding.
H‐Bonds‐Assisted Molecular Order Manipulation of Nonfullerene Acceptors for Efficient Nonannealed Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xuan , Wang Xuchao , Xiao Yejun , Yang Qing , Guo Xin , Li Can 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVarious substituents have been incorporated into nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) to modulate absorption scopes and energy levels for boosting efficiencies of organic solar cells (OSCs). The manipulation of the NFAs' molecular order and crystallinity via those substitutions is equally crucial to OSC performances, which yet remains interesting and challenging. The hydroxyl group, which can potentially form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) for improving molecular arrangements, has, however, never been considered. Herein, two hydroxyl‐functionalized NFAs, IT‐OH with one hydroxyl and IT‐DOH with two hydroxyls, are synthesized to tune the molecular packing and crystallinity. The ordered molecular arrangement and higher crystallinity are observed for the IT‐OH and IT‐DOH than the parent ITIC. This is assigned to the formation of intermolecular H‐bonds induced by the hydroxyls, which elongates molecular conjugated planes leading to long‐range‐ordered structures via π–π stacking. By the appropriate crystallinity and miscibility with donor polymer, an IT‐DOH‐based nonannealed OSC affords an efficiency of 12.5% with good device stability. This work provides a promising strategy to tune the molecular packing and crystallinity to design NFAs by introducing hydroxyl groups.
Genome‐wide SNP typing of ancient DNA: Determination of hair and eye color of Bronze Age humans from their skeletal remains
Authors: Schmidt Nicole , Schücker Katharina , Krause Ina , Dörk Thilo , Klintschar Michael , Hummel Susanne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveA genome‐wide high‐throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing method was tested with respect of the applicability to ancient and degraded DNA. The results were compared to mini‐sequencing data achieved through single base extension (SBE) typing. The SNPs chosen for the study allow to determine the hair colors and eye colors of humans.Material and methodsThe DNA samples were extracted from the skeletal remains of 59 human individuals dating back to the Late Bronze Age. The 3,000 years old bones had been discovered in the Lichtenstein Cave in Lower Saxony, Germany. The simultaneous typing of 24 SNPs for each of the ancient DNA samples was carried out using the 192.24 Dynamic Array™ by Fluidigm®.ResultsThirty‐eight of the ancient samples (=64%) revealed full and reproducible SNP genotypes allowing hair and eye color phenotyping. In 10 samples (=17%) at least half of the SNPs were unambiguously determined, in 11 samples (=19%) the SNP typing failed. For 23 of the 59 individuals, a comparison of the SNP typing results with genotypes from an earlier performed SBE typing approach was possible. The comparison confirmed the full concordance of the results for 90% of the SNP typings. In the remaining 10% allelic dropouts were identified.DiscussionThe high genotyping success rate could be achieved by introducing modifications to the preamplification protocol mainly by increasing the DNA input and the amplification cycle number. The occurrence of allelic dropouts indicates that a further increase of DNA input to the preamplification step is desirable.
Symptomatic infrarenal aortic aneurysm sac expansion 5 years post‐endovascular repair without an identifiable endoleak
Authors: Derboghossian Teal , Cavaye Thomas , Quinn Simon , Pinto Nigel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 71‐year‐old male presented with a symptomatic expanding 11 cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm 5 years post‐endovascular aortic repair. Duplex ultrasound and angiography showed no identifiable endoleak but confirmed an enlarging aneurysm sac with a new saccular configuration. The ultrasound findings were particularly unusual in that the aneurysm sac was a mixture of hardened echogenic material and an anechoic fluid‐like substance, with the echogenic material appearing to float around the sac with gravitational dependence. Open surgical intervention was performed. The aneurysm appeared pressurised with forceful expulsion of the sac contents post‐incision, though again no endoleak was identified. The sac contents were confirmed as a mixture of clear fluid and hardened haematoma. At 6 weeks follow‐up there was complete return of the aneurysm sac almost to its pre‐open surgery state. Multiple endoleak theories were considered from initial imaging through to follow‐up.
Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Senataxin Mutations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 4
Authors: Grunseich Christopher , Patankar Aneesh , Amaya Joshua , Watts Jason A. , Li Dongjun , Ramirez Prisila , Schindler Alice B. , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Cheung Vivian G. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the clinical and molecular features in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4 (ALS4) due to mutations in the senataxin (SETX) gene and to develop tools for evaluating SETX variants.MethodsOur study involved 32 patients, including 31 with mutation in SETX at c.1166 T>C (p.Leu389Ser) and 1 with mutation at c.1153 G>A (p.Glu385Lys). Clinical characterization of the patients included neurological examination, blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Fibroblasts and motor neurons were obtained to model the disease and characterize the molecular alteration in senataxin function.ResultsWe report key clinical features of ALS4. Laboratory analysis showed alteration of serum creatine kinase and creatinine in the Leu389Ser ALS4 cohort. MRI showed increased muscle fat fraction in the lower extremities, which correlates with disease duration (thigh fat fraction R2 = 0.35, p = 0.01; lower leg fat fraction R2 = 0.49, p < 0.01). DEXA measurements showed lower extremities are more affected than upper extremities (average fat z scores of 2.1 and 0.6, respectively). A cellular assay for SETX function confirmed that like the Leu389Ser mutation, the Glu385Lys variant leads to a decrease in R loops, likely from a gain of function.InterpretationWe identified clinical laboratory and radiological features of ALS4, and hence they should be monitored for disease progression. The molecular characterization of R‐loop levels in patient‐derived cells provides insight into the disease pathology and assays to evaluate the pathogenicity of candidate mutations in the SETX gene. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:547–555