bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing Substance Use Among Indigenous Adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand: a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Snijder Mieke , Stapinski Lexine , Lees Briana , Ward James , Conrod Patricia , Mushquash Christopher , Belone Lorenda , Champion Katrina , Chapman Cath , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This systematic review assessed the current evidence base of substance use prevention programs for Indigenous adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The authors investigated (a) the outcomes, type, setting and context of prevention programs; (b) the common components of beneficial prevention programs; and (c) the methodological quality of evaluations of included prevention programs. The authors searched eight peer-reviewed and 20 grey literature databases for studies published between 1 January 1990 and 31 August 2017. Data extracted included type of program (culturally adapted, culture-based or unadapted), the setting (school, community, family or multi-setting), delivery (computerised or traditional), context (Indigenous-specific or multi-cultural environment) and common components of the programs. Program evaluation methodologies were critically appraised against standardised criteria. This review identified 26 eligible studies. Substance use prevention programs for Indigenous youth led to reductions in substance use frequency and intention to use; improvements in substance-related knowledge, attitudes and resistance strategies; and delay in substance use initiation. Key elements of beneficial programs included substance use education, skills development, cultural knowledge enhancement and community involvement in program development. Five programs were rated as methodologically strong, seven were moderate and fourteen were weak. Prevention programs have the potential to reduce substance use among Indigenous adolescents, especially when they are developed in partnership with Indigenous people. However, more rigorously conducted evaluation trials are required to strengthen the evidence base.
Traits, beliefs and dispositions in a pluralistic folk psychology
Authors: Ghijsen Harmen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccording to pluralistic folk psychology (PFP) we make use of a variety of methods to predict and explain each other, only one of which makes use of attributing propositional attitudes. I discuss three related problems for this view: first, the prediction problem, according to which (some of) PFP’s methods of prediction only work if they also assume a tacit attribution of propositional attitudes; second, the interaction problem, according to which PFP cannot explain how its different methods of prediction and explanation can interact; and third, the difference problem, according to which PFP cannot explain how all of its methods are truly different if it also assumes a dispositionalist account of belief. I argue that a promising solution to these problems should not overestimate the importance and ubiquity of propositional attitude attribution even if the difference between propositional attitude attribution and other types of attribution is a matter of degree rather than kind. Instead, a solution should be sought in a better appreciation of the breadth of folk psychological theorizing and the way in which this can be incorporated into model theory.
Tamoxifen-independent recombination of reporter genes limits lineage tracing and mosaic analysis using CreERT2 lines
Authors: Álvarez-Aznar A. , Martínez-Corral I. , Daubel N. , Betsholtz C. , Mäkinen T. , Gaengel K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The CreERT2/loxP system is widely used to induce conditional gene deletion in mice. One of the main advantages of the system is that Cre-mediated recombination can be controlled in time through Tamoxifen administration. This has allowed researchers to study the function of embryonic lethal genes at later developmental timepoints. In addition, CreERT2 mouse lines are commonly used in combination with reporter genes for lineage tracing and mosaic analysis. In order for these experiments to be reliable, it is crucial that the cell labeling approach only marks the desired cell population and their progeny, as unfaithful expression of reporter genes in other cell types or even unintended labeling of the correct cell population at an undesired time point could lead to wrong conclusions. Here we report that all CreERT2 mouse lines that we have studied exhibit a certain degree of Tamoxifen-independent, basal, Cre activity. Using Ai14 and Ai3, two commonly used fluorescent reporter genes, we show that those basal Cre activity levels are sufficient to label a significant amount of cells in a variety of tissues during embryogenesis, postnatal development and adulthood. This unintended labelling of cells imposes a serious problem for lineage tracing and mosaic analysis experiments. Importantly, however, we find that reporter constructs differ greatly in their susceptibility to basal CreERT2 activity. While Ai14 and Ai3 easily recombine under basal CreERT2 activity levels, mTmG and R26R-EYFP rarely become activated under these conditions and are therefore better suited for cell tracking experiments.
Nitrogen resorption and fractionation during leaf senescence in typical tree species in Japan
Authors: Enta Ayako , Hayashi Mika , Lopez Caceres Maximo Larry , Fujiyoshi Lei , Yamanaka Toshiro , Oikawa Akira , Seidel Felix 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In northeastern Japan, an area of high precipitation and mountains, beech (Fagus creanata Blume), larch (Larix kaempferi Lamb.), cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were evaluated for N resorption and N isotope fractionation in pre- and post-abscission leaves in comparison to green leaves. The highest leaf N concentration in summer corresponded to the N-fixing black locust, followed in decreasing order by the deciduous beech and larch and evergreen cedar. On the other hand, the lowest N resorption efficiency corresponded to black locust and the highest to beech, in increasing order by larch and cedar. All tree species returned significant amounts of N before leaf abscission; however, N isotope fractionation during leaf N resorption was only found for beech, with a depleted N isotope value from green to pre-abscission leaf. The most N, however, was resorbed from pre-abscission to post-abscission. This result may indicate that δ15N fractionation took place during N transformation processes, such as protein hydrolysis, when the concentration of free amino acids increased sharply. The difference in the type of amino acid produced by each species could have influenced the N isotope ratio in beech but not in the other tree species. The results of this study showed that it is possible to infer the type and timing of processes relevant to N resorption by analyzing leaf δ15N variation during senescence.
Abstracts najaarsvergadering NVU, 2 november 2019, Nieuwegein
Authors: Mulders Peter F.A. 
Published: October 2019

Samenvatting
Biochemisch recidiverende prostaatkanker na curatieve radiotherapie is gedefinieerd als een PSA-stijging van ≥ 2 ng/ml boven de PSA nadir (de Phoenix-criteria, 2005). Met de introductie van prostaatspecifiek membraan antigeen (PSMA) PET/CT is de mogelijkheid tot lokalisatie van recidieven van prostaatkanker sterk toegenomen. In deze studie analyseren we de uitkomsten van PSMA PET/CT ter detectie van recidiverende prostaatkanker bij patiënten met een stijgend PSA na radiotherapie, die nog niet voldoen aan de Phoenixcriteria (i.e. een PSA-stijging < 2,0 ng/ml).
Sirenomelia: Study of Three Cases
Authors: Desai Purvi D. , Shah Heli , Verma Ragini N. , Chauhan Binodini M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly which is an extreme example of caudal regression syndrome characterized by lower limb fusion, sacral and pelvic bony anomalies with abnormalities in other organ systems, commonly affecting the gastrointestinal and the urogenital systems (Kanagagiri et al. JMSCR 5(7), 2017). It is a sporadic occurence with no increased risk in subsequent pregnancies. The syndrome of caudal regression is thought to be the result of injury to the caudal mesoderm early in gestation (Mirzapur et al. Glob J Reprod Med 3(5):555624, 2018). Prenatal sonographic findings of sirenomelia (or mermaid fetus) were retrospectively reviewed in three proven cases.
ARIA guideline 2019: treatment of allergic rhinitis in the German health system
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Bachert Claus , Pfaar Oliver , Becker Sven , Bieber Thomas , Brehler Randolf , Buhl Roland , Casper Ingrid , Chaker Adam , Czech Wolfgang , Fischer Jörg , Fuchs Thomas , Gerstlauer Michael , Hörmann Karl , Jakob Thilo , Jung Kirsten , Kopp Matthias V. , Mahler Vera , Merk Hans , Mülleneisen Norbert , Nemat Katja , Rabe Uta , Ring Johannes , Saloga Joachim , Schlenter Wolfgang , Schmidt-Weber Carsten , Seyfarth Holger , Sperl Annette , Spindler Thomas , Staubach Petra , Strieth Sebastian , Treudler Regina , Vogelberg Christian , Wallrafen Andrea , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Wrede Holger , Zuberbier Torsten , Bedbrook Anna , Canonica Giorgio W. , Cardona Victoria , Casale Thomas B. , Czarlewski Wienczylawa , Fokkens Wytske J. , Hamelmann Eckard , Hellings Peter W. , Jutel Marek , Larenas-Linnemann Désirée , Mullol Joaquim , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Toppila-Salmi Sanna , Werfel Thomas , Bousquet Jean 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe number of patients affected by allergies is increasing worldwide. The resulting allergic diseases are leading to significant costs for health care and social systems. Integrated care pathways are needed to enable comprehensive care within the national health systems. The ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative develops internationally applicable guidelines for allergic respiratory diseases.MethodsARIA serves to improve the care of patients with allergies and chronic respiratory diseases. In collaboration with other international initiatives, national associations and patient organizations in the field of allergies and respiratory diseases, real-life integrated care pathways have been developed for a digitally assisted, integrative, individualized treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) with comorbid asthma. In the present work, these integrated care pathways have been adapted to the German situation and health system.ResultsThe present ICP (integrated care pathways) guideline covers key areas of the care of AR patients with and without asthma. It includes the views of patients and other healthcare providers.DiscussionA comprehensive ICP guideline can reflect real-life care better than traditional guideline models.
From indoor exposure to inhaled particle deposition: A multiphase journey of inhaled particles
Authors: Inthavong Kiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIndoor air quality and its effect on respiratory health are reliant on understanding the level of inhalation exposure, particle inhalability, and particle deposition in the respiratory airway. In the indoor environment, controlling airflow through different ventilation systems can reduce inhalation exposure. This produces a wide variety of complex flow phenomena, such as recirculation, coanda flow, separation, and reattachment. Airborne particles drifting through the air, that move within the breathing region become inhaled into nasal cavity the nostrils. Studies have developed the aspiration efficiency to assist in predicting the fraction of inhaled particles. Inside the nasal cavity, micron and submicron particle deposition occurs in very different ways (inertial impaction, sedimentation, diffusion) and different locations. In addition, fibrous particles such as asbestos are influenced by tumbling effects and its deposition mechanism can include interception. Indoor fluid-particle dynamics related to inhalation exposure and eventual deposition in the respiratory airway is presented. This study involves multi-disciplinary fields involving building science, fluid dynamics, computer science, and medical imaging disciplines. In the future, an integrated approach can lead to digital/in-silico representations of the human respiratory airway able to predict the inhaled particle exposure and its toxicology effect.
Longitudinal relationships between sexting and involvement in both bullying and cyberbullying
Authors: Ojeda Mónica , Del Rey Rosario , Hunter Simon C. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionSexting is a new way to explore sexuality among adolescents that can be associated with bullying behaviors. Previous studies have focused on peer‐victimization but relationships between bullying and different forms of sexting have not been explored. This study evaluates the reciprocal relationships between the perpetration of traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and four forms of sexting (sending, receiving, third‐party forwarding, and receiving sexts via an intermediary).MethodsThe sample consisted of 1736 Spanish High School students (46.3% female; Mage = 13.60, SD = 1.25). Four direct questions were used to assess sexting, the EBIPQ to measure traditional bullying and the ECIPQ to evaluate cyberbullying. These measures were completed twice, four months apart. A cross‐lagged panel analysis evaluated the reciprocal associations of all study measures.ResultsTraditional bullying and cyberbullying were positively, reciprocally associated with each other. Generally, those young people who engaged in sexting at T1 were more likely to report engaging in sexting at T2. Third‐party forwarding of sexts (forwarding on sexts which have been sent to a young person by others) displays clear relationships with bullying. Young people who reported using traditional bullying behaviours at T1 were more likely to report third‐party forwarding of sexual content at T2. Bullies are more likely to later report third‐party forwarding of sexts.ConclusionsA focus on bullying behavior may be important for intervention efforts targeting to prevent possible negative outcomes of engaging in sexting. Recommendations are provided for educational and prevention efforts.
RETRACTED–Lessons Learned from a Medical Response Team 45 Days Post-Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Authors: Gordon Jessica M. , Orriola Deidre , Unangst Mary , Gordon Federico , Vellon Yazmin E Rodriguez 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Describe the lived experience of a grassroots, nongovernmental disaster medical team (DMT) through a research lens and share practical lessons learned based on the DMT’s experience to support and inform future response teams.Method:Forty-five days after Hurricane Maria, a nongovernmental DMT provided primary medical care by means of community-based pop-up clinics and home visitations in 5 different areas of Puerto Rico. Observational data, photo images, and debriefing notes were collected and documented in the response team’s daily activity log. Field notes were coded using a descriptive coding method and then categorized into 2 domains specific to public health and medical diagnosis.Results:Medical aid was provided to nearly 300 (N = 296) residents. Field note observations identified exhaustion related to living conditions and the exacerbation of underlying conditions, such as reactive airway diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and depression due to the compounding effects of multiple post-disaster triggers. During home visitations, feelings of sadness and helplessness were identified secondary to natural disaster trauma and current living conditions.Conclusion:Our nongovernmental DMT displayed similar characteristics demonstrated by federal DMTs post-natural disaster. Several strategic lessons learned emerged from the public health intervention important to future nongovernmental DMTs.
Bayesian Estimation with Informative Priors is Indistinguishable from Data Falsification
Authors: García-Pérez Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Criticism of null hypothesis significance testing, confidence intervals, and frequentist statistics in general has evolved into advocacy of Bayesian analyses with informative priors for strong inference. This paper shows that Bayesian analysis with informative priors is formally equivalent to data falsification because the information carried by the prior can be expressed as the addition of fabricated observations whose statistical characteristics are determined by the parameters of the prior. This property of informative priors makes clear that only the use of non-informative, uniform priors in all types of Bayesian analyses is compatible with standards of research integrity. At the same time, though, Bayesian estimation with uniform priors yields point and interval estimates that are identical or nearly identical to those obtained with frequentist methods. At a qualitative level, frequentist and Bayesian outcomes have different interpretations but they are interchangeable when uniform priors are used. Yet, Bayesian interpretations require either the assumption that population parameters are random variables (which they are not) or an explicit acknowledgment that the posterior distribution (which is thus identical to the likelihood function except for a scale factor) only expresses the researcher’s beliefs and not any information about the parameter of concern.
Secular Variations of Helium and Nitrogen Isotopes Related to the 2015 Volcanic Unrest of Mt. Hakone, Central Japan
Authors: Kagoshima T. , Sano Y. , Takahata N. , Lee H. , Lan T. , Ohba T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA small hydrovolcanic eruption occurred on Mt. Hakone in central Japan on 29 June 2015, ejecting small amounts of volcanic ash and gas. We have conducted continuous surveys of He isotopes in the Owakudani geothermal area close to Mt. Komagatake, the central cone of Mt. Hakone. Long‐term (decadal‐scale) data from the Black‐egg site show generally constant 3He/4He ratios with 6.37 ± 0.06 Ra, where Ra is the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio of 1.382 × 10‐6, after air correction. Short‐term (monthly) data of two fumarole sites indicate a rapid increase from May through August 2015 and a gradual decrease through February 2018, whereas seismic activity began to intensify in March 2015, reached the maximum in May, and decreased faster than the decrease in He isotopes. We also measured N and Ar isotopes in fumarole samples. A δ15N – N2/36Ar diagram shows that they are well explained by mixing of atmosphere and volcanic gas source components. Monthly variations of air‐corrected δ15N values shows a rapid decrease followed by a slow increase, contrary to the air‐corrected 3He/4He variations, suggesting a common mechanism of mixing between magma and crust during migration of fluids and gases. The time sequence of observed phenomena shows inflation of the volcanic edifice, maximum swarm activity, phreatic eruption, and maximum He and N isotope anomaly. Temporal variations of He and N isotopes were correlated with activation of the Owakudani geothermal system and with termination of volcanic unrest, which may provide useful information for observing and assessing geothermal activity around the world.
Transforming Total‐Field Magnetic Anomalies Into Three Components Using Dual‐Layer Equivalent Sources
Authors: Li Duan , Liang Qing , Du Jinsong , Sun Shida , Zhang Yi , Chen Chao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe equivalent source is a simple and effective method to level and manipulate magnetic data. However, large misfits between the predicted and synthetic data for different components of the magnetic field are observed when a single layer equivalent source is used. Therefore, a dual‐layer equivalent sources method, based on a shallow‐layer and an additional deep‐layer is proposed. This technique successfully overcomes the inherent problem of inversion that equivalent property concentrates in the shallow layer, by changing the dimensions of deep equivalent cells, and by using a preconditioned matrix based on a weighted function, which enhances the effects of the deep layer. The results indicate that, by adding a deep equivalent‐source layer, this new method significantly improves the accuracy in the prediction of the three components of the magnetic field, especially for the long‐wavelength fields.
Tropical Cyclone Surface Pressure Field Estimation Using Satellite Passive Microwave Observations over the Oceans
Authors: Zhang Zijin , Dong Xiaolong , Hon K.K. , Liu Liling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe real time and accurate estimation of tropical cyclone (TC) surface pressure fields is highly desired in TC forecasting and analysis. Using satellite passive microwave observations over the oceans, the retrieval of TC surface pressure fields was investigated in this study, and a new retrieval algorithm was developed. This algorithm uses brightness temperatures (TBs) and TB anomalies together to accurately estimate TC surface pressure fields. Considering the relative superiority of 118‐GHz radiometers in spatial resolution, this study not only used the measurements of 60‐GHz radiometer Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) but also the 118‐GHz radiometer Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder (MWHTS). The TC measurements from July 2015 to September 2018 and the corresponding Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) Final (FNL) analysis data were used to develop and test the retrieval algorithm. The testing results show that the proposed method can estimate the surface pressure fields of a TC's core area (within a 2° radius from the center) with an accuracy of better than 4.0, 5.0, and 8.0 hPa for tropical depressions and tropical storms, typhoons or hurricanes, and severe typhoons or major hurricanes, respectively. In addition, an in situ comparison demonstrates that the accuracy of the retrieved central pressure is better than 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 hPa for tropical depressions and tropical storms, typhoons or hurricanes, and severe typhoons or major hurricanes, respectively.
The Quasi‐Equilibrium Longitudinal Profile in Backwater Reaches of the Engineered Alluvial River: A Space‐Marching Method
Authors: Arkesteijn Liselot , Blom Astrid , Czapiga Matthew J. , Chavarrías Víctor , Labeur Robert Jan 
Published: October 2019

An engineered alluvial river (i.e., a fixed‐width channel) has constrained planform but is free to adjust channel slope and bed surface texture. These features are subject to controls: the hydrograph, sediment flux, and downstream base level. If the controls are sustained (or change slowly relative to the timescale of channel response), the channel ultimately achieves an equilibrium (or quasi‐equilibrium) state. For brevity, we use the term “quasi‐equilibrium” as a shorthand for both states. This quasi‐equilibrium state is characterized by quasi‐static and dynamic components, which define the characteristic timescale at which the dynamics of bed level average out. Although analytical models of quasi‐equilibrium channel geometry in quasi‐normal flow segments exist, rapid methods for determining the quasi‐equilibrium geometry in backwater‐dominated segments are still lacking. We show that, irrespective of its dynamics, the bed slope of a backwater or quasi‐normal flow segment can be approximated as quasi‐static (i.e., the static slope approximation). This approximation enables us to derive a rapid numerical space‐marching solution of the quasi‐static component for quasi‐equilibrium channel geometry in both backwater and quasi‐normal flow segments. A space‐marching method means that the solution is found by stepping through space without the necessity of computing the transient phase. An additional numerical time stepping model describes the dynamic component of the quasi‐equilibrium channel geometry. Tests of the two models against a backwater‐Exner model confirm their validity. Our analysis validates previous studies in showing that the flow duration curve determines the quasi‐static equilibrium profile, whereas the flow rate sequence governs the dynamic fluctuations.