bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing and volume of information produced for the Otolaryngologist during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK: A review of the volume of online literature
Authors: Cernei Cristina , Shrivastava Manu K. , Colquhoun‐Flannery William , Winter Stuart C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS‐CoV‐2 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and has been declared a pandemic in March 2020. COVID‐19 has caused unprecedented and lasting biopsychosocial effects worldwide. All healthcare professionals have faced life‐threatening risks by attending their daily jobs. The daily emergence of advice and guidelines was necessary to ensure the safety of patients and staff. To this effect, all elective services came to a halt to preserve hospitals’ capacity for dealing with the sickest. This retrospective, descriptive review aims to assess the volume and timing of the advice released specifically relevant to UK ENT specialists.MethodsTwo separate searches were performed. One involved online advice published in English by international, national and ENT‐specific organisations between January 1 and May 31. The date, title, source, type of advice and link to the advice were recorded in Excel. The resources were analysed per week of publication. A second separate search for peer‐reviewed publications was conducted using PubMed Central and Cochrane databases.FindingsCOVID‐19‐related guidance was considered, of which 175 were identified. 52/175 (29.7%) articles were published by international organisations. 56/175 (32%) were produced by national organisations, and 67/175 (38.28%) were produced by ENT specific organisations. The peak guidance production took place in the third and fourth week of March (16/03/2020‐29/03/2020) with 72/175 publications. Of these, 27/70 came from the international category, 17/70 from national bodies and 26/70 from ENT‐specific organisations. 13 863 total publications relating to COVID‐19 were found using PubMed and Cochrane search strategies; 76% were relevant to ENT.ConclusionThe challenges faced by ENT relate to the unprecedented, sudden and daily changes to clinical practice. Multiple bodies interpreted the guidance, giving an opportunity for confusion and delay in treatments for patients. Implementing a system with clear lines of communication and dissemination of information will improve our response to future pandemic events whilst maintaining a commercial awareness to better use the human and financial resources of an already financially restricted NHS.
The same storm but not the same boat: Effects of COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home order on mental health in individuals with overweight
Authors: Lofrano‐Prado Mara C. , do Prado Wagner Luiz , Botero Joao Paulo , Cardel Michelle L. , Farah Breno Q. , Oliveira Max D. , Cucato Gabriel G. , Correia Marilia A. , Ritti‐Dias Raphael M. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo describe the effects of stay‐at‐home orders and social distancing during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak on mental health and to compare these outcomes between individuals with normal weight and overweight.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 1857 Brazilian adults, who were invited through social media to answer an online questionnaire from 5 May 2020 to 17 May 2020. The instrument included questions related to health behaviour, mental health (anxiety, depression, self‐esteem, sadness and stress) and overall health. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify whether overweight is associated with mental health variables.ResultsWomen reported increased anxiety (36.5% vs 22.2%, P < .01), depression (16.2% vs 8.8%, P < .01), low self‐esteem (19.8% vs 10.6%, P < .01), sadness (17.7% vs 10.2%, P < .01), and stress (29.5% vs 19.3%, P < .01) relative to men. Women with overweight are more likely to report higher feeling of anxiety (OR 1.62, CI 95% 1.22‐2.14), depression (OR 1.79, CI 95% 1.25‐2.55), low self‐esteem (OR 1.82, CI95% 1.28‐2.58) and sadness (OR 1.51, CI 95% 1.08‐2.10), adjusted for age, social isolation days, educational level, chronic diseases, smoke, alcohol intake and physical activity.ConclusionWomen, specially those with overweight are more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of stay‐at‐home orders on mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Expression of the core promoter factors TATA box binding protein and TATA box binding protein‐related factor 2 in Drosophila germ cells and their distinct functions in germline development
Authors: Nakamura Shoichi , Hira Seiji , Kojima Makoto , Kondo Akane , Mukai Masanori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Drosophila, the expression of germline genes is initiated in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and is known to be associated with germline establishment. However, the transcriptional regulation of germline genes remains elusive. Previously, we found that the BTB/POZ‐Zn‐finger protein, Mamo, is necessary for the expression of the germline gene, vasa, in PGCs. Moreover, truncated Mamo lacking the BTB/POZ domain (MamoAF) is a potent vasa activator. In this study, we investigated the genetic interaction between MamoAF and specific transcriptional regulators to gain insight into the transcriptional regulation of germline development. We identified a general transcription factor, TATA box binding protein (TBP)‐associated factor 3 (TAF3/BIP2), and a member of the TBP‐like proteins, TBP‐related factor 2 (TRF2), as new genetic modifiers of MamoAF. In contrast to TRF2, TBP was found to show no genetic interaction with MamoAF, suggesting that Trf2 has a selective function. Therefore, we focused on Trf2 expression and investigated its function in germ cells. We found that Trf2 mRNA, rather than Tbp mRNA, was preferentially expressed in PGCs during embryogenesis. Depletion of TRF2 in PGCs resulted in decreased mRNA expression of vasa. RNA interference‐mediated knockdown showed that, while Trf2 is required for maintenance of germ cells, Tbp is needed for their differentiation during oogenesis. Therefore, these results suggest that Trf2 and Tbp expression is differentially regulated in germ cells and that these factors have distinct functions in Drosophila germline development.
High‐dose methylprednisolone in nonintubated patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Papamanoli Aikaterini , Yoo Jeanwoo , Grewal Prabhjot , Predun William , Hotelling Jessica , Jacob Robin , Mojahedi Azad , Skopicki Hal A. , Mansour Mohamed , Marcos Luis A. , Kalogeropoulos Andreas P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent trials with dexamethasone and hydrocortisone have demonstrated benefit in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Data on methylprednisolone are limited.MethodsRetrospective cohort of consecutive adults with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia on high‐flow oxygen (FiO2 ≥ 50%) admitted to an academic centre in New York, from 1 March to 15 April 2020. We used inverse probability of treatment weights to estimate the effect of methylprednisolone on clinical outcomes and intensive care resource utilization.ResultsOf 447 patients, 153 (34.2%) received methylprednisolone and 294 (65.8%) received no corticosteroids. At 28 days, 102 patients (22.8%) had died and 115 (25.7%) received mechanical ventilation. In weighted analyses, risk for death or mechanical ventilation was 37% lower with methylprednisolone (hazard ratio 0.63; 95% CI 0.47‐0.86; P = .003), driven by less frequent mechanical ventilation (subhazard ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.40‐0.79; P = .001); mortality did not differ between groups. The methylprednisolone group had 2.8 more ventilator‐free days (95% CI 0.5‐5.1; P = .017) and 2.6 more intensive care‐free days (95% CI 0.2‐4.9; P = .033) during the first 28 days. Complication rates were not higher with methylprednisolone.ConclusionsIn nonintubated patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia, methylprednisolone was associated with reduced need for mechanical ventilation and less‐intensive care resource utilization without excess complications.
Dentoalveolar injuries, bicycling accidents and helmet use in patients referred to a Norwegian Trauma Centre: A 12‐year prospective study
Authors: Døving Mats , Galteland Pål , Eken Torsten , Sehic Amer , Utheim Tor Paaske , Skaga Nils Oddvar , Helseth Eirik , Ramm‐Pettersen Jon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimDespite its many benefits, bicycling carries the risk of accidents. Although numerous studies have reported the effect of helmet use on traumatic brain injury, it remains unclear if, and to what extent, helmet use reduces the risk of facial injuries. This is particularly true in regard to injuries of the lower face. In addition, there is limited evidence of the effect of helmet use on dentoalveolar injuries. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of dentoalveolar injuries in bicycling accidents and to explore the influence of helmet use.Material and MethodsA total of 1543 bicyclists were included from the trauma registry of a Norwegian tertiary trauma center over a 12‐year period. Data were collected prospectively, including patient characteristics, type of injury, and helmet use. The prevalence of dentoalveolar injuries was assessed in conjunction with helmet use and facial fractures.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of the patients had maxillofacial injuries, and 18% of those with facial fractures exhibited concomitant dentoalveolar injuries. The most common type of dentoalveolar injury was tooth fracture (39%). The most frequent location of facial fractures with combined dentoalveolar injuries was the maxilla, which had fractured in 32 patients. Women had a higher risk of sustaining dentoalveolar injuries compared to men (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.02‐2.22). There were 1257 patients (81%) who had reliable registration of helmet use; 54% of these wore a helmet, while 46% did not. Helmet users had an increased risk of dentoalveolar injuries compared to non‐helmeted bicyclists (adjusted odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.02‐2.31).ConclusionsDentoalveolar injuries are fairly common in trauma patients admitted to a trauma center following bicycling accidents. Bicycling helmets are associated with an increased risk of dentoalveolar injuries.
Conservative management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures—A retrospective study
Authors: Mittal Hitesh Chander , Yadav Sunil , Shekhawat Himanshu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimPediatric mandibular distal fractures present unique treatment challenges which are usually managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with the risk of developing tooth bud injuries. Conservative management through maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) with orthodontic bracket‐elastic as an out‐patient department (OPD) service has been used for these fractures presenting with derangement of occlusion. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze MMF with orthodontic bracket‐elastic as a treatment method and its outcome for management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures.MethodologyData of seventeen pediatric cases diagnosed with displaced mandibular distal fractures managed with MMF with orthodontic bracket‐elastic over a period of 5 years were analyzed. In this technique, two weeks of immobilization and one week for guiding elastics were used.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 7.6 ± 1.6 years with a mean follow‐up of 24 months. All fractures healed uneventfully with satisfactory occlusion. The cases included 23.5% minimally displaced, and 64.7% moderately displaced and 11.8% significantly displaced fractures with step deformity with successful remodeling of the lower border contours over a duration of 18 months ± 1 month. The developing tooth buds in the fracture line showed no complications except for root dilacerations/malformation (n = 3).ConclusionMMF with orthodontic bracket‐elastic is a viable and conservative technique for the management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures which need to be verified through randomized trials for generalization of the results.
Influence of ceramic veneer thickness and antagonist on impact stresses during dental trauma with and without a mouthguard assessed with finite element analysis
Authors: Bragança Gabriel Felipe de , Vilela Andomar Bruno Fernandes , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Tantbirojn Daranee , Versluis Antheunis , Soares Carlos José 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimLittle is known about the effect of dental trauma and mouthguards (MG) on teeth with ceramic laminate veneers (CLV). The aim was to evaluate the influence of CLV thickness and the presence of a MG with and without antagonist tooth contact on impact stresses during dental trauma.Materials and MethodsTwelve 2D‐finite element models of a head with maxillary structures and upper incisors, six with and six without antagonist tooth, were created in three CLV conditions: sound incisor (no CLV), 0.3 mm CLV, and 1.0 mm CLV. These were evaluated with and without a 4.0‐mm ethylene‐vinyl acetate MG, with and without an antagonist tooth. An impact analysis was performed in which the head frontally hits a rigid surface at a speed of 1 m/s (3.6 km/h). The results were analyzed using Critical modified von Mises (MPa). The mean of the 10% highest modified von Mises stresses in each structure was collected.ResultsMG presence substantially reduced impact stresses in the CLV and tooth structures. The contact of the antagonist tooth promoted better stress distribution and reduced the stress levels in the traumatized tooth. Critical stress areas were found in the palatal enamel, incisal enamel, labial cervical area, and enamel under the CLV for all models without MG. In the models with MG, the stresses reduced significantly. Critical modified von Mises stress showed that sound or prepared enamel experienced more critical impact stresses than 0.3 or 1.0‐mm thick CLV.ConclusionsThe use of 4.0 mm EVA mouthguard reduced the impact stress levels in models with 0.3‐mm CLV and 1.0‐mm CLV, similar to a sound tooth. The contact of an antagonist tooth and the MG better distributed the stresses and reduced the impact stress in the traumatized tooth.
Traumatic dental injuries and pulp sequelae in an adolescent population
Authors: Bratteberg Magnus , Thelen Dorina S. , Klock Kristin S. , Bårdsen Asgeir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) occur frequently and may result in pulp sequelae. This includes pulp necrosis with infection, pulp canal obliteration and root resorption. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of pulp sequelae after TDI among Norwegian adolescents.Material and methodsA retrospective longitudinal study, including historical clinical data, was conducted with 16‐year‐old pupils in western Norway. All first‐grade pupils, born in 1997 (n = 5184), attending public high schools, were invited to participate and to respond to an electronically administered closed‐ended questionnaire (response rate 39.6%, n = 2055). Consent was given to access the dental records in the Public Dental Health Service in Hordaland, where information regarding TDI (diagnosis and treatment) and radiographs were interpreted. Only TDIs to anterior teeth were recorded (canine to canine in the maxilla and mandible). Outcome variables of TDI were registered and analysed using logistic regression, Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates and log‐rank test.ResultsThe prevalence of TDI in the sample population was 16.4% (338 pupils), with a total of 637 teeth involved. The number of included teeth for analysis was 571 (90.5%). The prevalence of pulp necrosis with infection was 7.5%. Moderate and severe TDI was associated with a higher frequency of pulp necrosis with infection. Pulp canal obliteration and root resorption were found in 2.8% and 2.3% of teeth with TDI, respectively. Dental hard tissue injuries were more prone to the development of pulp necrosis than luxation injuries and combination injuries. The relationship between root development stage and development of pulp necrosis with infection was not statistically significant.ConclusionsOccurrence of different pulp sequelae among teeth affected with TDI was low. Moderate and severe TDI were more at risk of developing pulpal complications and hard tissue injuries were at higher risk of developing pulp necrosis with infection.
Radiation exposure causes developmental alterations in size and shape of wings and structures associated with song production in male crickets (Acheta domesticus)
Authors: Fuciarelli Tamara M. , Rollo C. David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnvironmental disasters and growth of nuclear power contribute to increasing levels of radiation pollution in the biosphere. Major impacts concern development, fertility, and survivorship in diverse species. Subtle impacts are less appreciated even though they may have profound effects on individuals and populations. Here, we examined radiation impacts on male crickets, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), specific to wing development. Alterations in global wing morphology are detectable, but this is a flightless species. However, mating success of males is highly dependent on specialized courtship songs generated by structures associated with the opposing forewings. Such signals identify males as both conspecific and ‘attractive/fit’ mates. Highly specialized structures found on male forewings include the chord, harp, mirror, plectrum, and file. These work in concert to generate the species‐specific male courtship song. Even slight alterations in wing morphology can alter these signals, and variation may also vary acoustic signals among populations. Here, we analyze the impacts of early‐life radiation exposure (0–10 Gy) on male forewing shape and size using morphometric analysis. A canonical variate analysis (CVA) illustrated that wing shape was significantly altered in a dose‐dependent basis: 10 Gy (P<0.0001), 7 Gy (P<0.0001), and 2 Gy (P = 0.0001). Principal component (PC) analysis as well as the CVA indicated that most variation in wing structure was associated with the mirror, one of the two main resonating regions on the forewing. Analysis of centroid size found significant reductions with 7 and 10 Gy radiation exposures. Significant radiation‐induced increases in fluctuating asymmetry were also detected, with fluctuating asymmetry values increasing with dose. Due to the known specialized nature of song‐producing structures and its association with both courtship songs and mating, it is likely that the alterations observed in shape and size will have larger impacts on male reproductive success. We are currently quantifying this and analyzing recordings of song structure to detect and characterize specific alterations by radiation.
The interplay between executive control, behavioural variability and mind wandering: Insights from a high‐definition transcranial direct‐current stimulation study
Authors: Boayue Nya M. , Csifcsák Gábor , Kreis Isabel V. , Schmidt Carole , Finn Iselin , Hovde Vollsund Anna E. , Mittner Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile the involvement of executive processes in mind wandering is largely undebated, their exact relationship is subject to an ongoing debate and rarely studied dynamically within‐subject. Several brain‐stimulation studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have attempted to modulate mind‐wandering propensity by stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) which is an important hub in the prefrontal control network. In a series of three studies testing a total of N = 100 participants, we develop a novel task that allows to study the dynamic interplay of mind wandering, behavioural varibility and the flexible recruitment of executive resources as indexed by the randomness (entropy) of movement sequences generated by our participants. We consistently find that behavioural variability is increased and randomness is decreased during periods of mind wandering. Interestingly, we also find that behavioural variability interacts with the entropy‐MW effect, opening up the possibility to detect distinct states of off‐focus cognition. When applying a high‐definition transcranial direct‐current stimulation (HD‐tDCS) montage to the left DLPFC, we find that propensity to mind wander is reduced relative to a group receiving sham stimulation.
Neural target selection as a marker of real‐world familiarity during search for perceptually distinct objects
Authors: Ferguson Leah , Ahmed Claire , Dang Christine , Wu Rachel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrior studies have shown that behavioral performance is better when detecting specific familiar items based on real‐world experience (e.g., an own‐age face, a specific bird for bird experts), compared to less familiar items (e.g., an other‐age face). These biases emerge from exposure to and interactions with initially less familiar items, which allow for better discrimination and search (e.g., finding an other‐age face in a crowd). However, many broad categories in the natural environment (e.g., vintage objects, exotic fruit) contain perceptually distinct items that people can accurately search for individually, even if the objects are not as familiar. How might real‐world familiarity impact search in these cases? Recent studies suggest that the N2pc event‐related potential (ERP, neural marker of target selection) may be more sensitive than behavioral performance in reflecting prior knowledge, and perhaps familiarity, during visual search. In two experiments, the present study investigated the behavioral effects (Experiment 1) and N2pc effects (Experiment 2) of searching for distinct familiar (modern) versus less familiar (vintage) objects in younger adults. Experiment 1 also included a sample of older adults, who were familiar with both types of objects. Overall, the behavioral results did not reveal robust differences in searching for modern versus vintage objects. However, the N2pc in younger adults was present when searching for modern objects, but not for vintage objects. The N2pc results suggest that this neural marker may be more sensitive than behavioral measures in reflecting familiarity from real‐world experiences with object categories.