bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure Comparison Using Dissimilarity Metric for Additive Manufacturing of Metals
Authors: Farooq Ghumman Umar , Saha Sourav , Fang Lichao , Liu Wing Kam , Wagner Gregory , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) simulations are often employed to replace the expensive experiments to study the effects of processing conditions. In process modeling, one of the key limitations is the lack of reliable validation techniques. The stochastic nature and the spatial heterogeneity of microstructures make it difficult to validate the simulated microstructures against experimentally obtained images through statistical measures (e.g. average and standard deviation of grain sizes). In this work, a validation metric is proposed that can effectively quantify the dissimilarity between two AM microstructures. The methodology involves first calculating the Angularly Resolved Chord Length Distribution (ARCLD) at representative angles and then computing the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) to obtain the final unitless score that is named Dissimilarity Score (DS). The efficacy of the proposed methodology was first tested on synthetic microstructures, and then on AM simulations that employ the solidification model-Cellular Automaton (CA) with IN625. Results show that DS effectively measures the dissimilarity between different microstructures. The use of DS is also extended to calibrate the CA processing simulation code to match with experimental AM images from NIST AM-Bench Challenge.
3D Printing Collembola Cuticle Inspired Superhydrophobic Microstructures for Potential Deicing Application
Authors: Li Xiangjia , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Collembola cuticle structures demonstrated attractive and robust liquid super repellence due to the special evolved hierarchical patterns. These multiscale patterns consist of nanoscale triangle-shaped granules that are connected with microscale hexagon-shaped base structures. However, it is a challenge to reproduce such complex cuticle structures by using traditional manufacturing techniques. Here, the cuticle inspired structures were replicated via fiber-optic assisted three-dimensional photopolymerization (F3DP). This newly developed 3D printing process provided the capability to manipulate the geometry of bionic structures based on the natural cuticle structures. To enhance the liquid-repellent function, the 3D printed artificial cuticle structures were treated by the vapor phase process. The results show that the artificial cuticle structures reveal interesting properties in terms of superhydrophobicity, and the surface wettability can be modulated by controlling the height of bioinspired granules. Based on 3D printed artificial cuticle structures, a new icing protection surface was investigated. Compared with conventional methods, the 3D printed superhydrophobic surface decorated with artificial cuticle structures demonstrated promising perspectives in deicing applications.
A Data Fusion Framework for Fracture Toughness Modeling Using Multiple Sources of Data
Authors: Mou Shancong , Chen Jialei , Zhang Chuck , Wang Ben 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The adhesive bonding technology of composite material is widely used in the industry, and the double-cantilever beam (DCB) test is a standard test for measuring the bonding quality. However, adhesive bonding methods may compromise the bonding strength, leading to weak bonds or so-called kissing bonds. In this research, we present a data-driven method to model the relationship between the process parameters and the mode-I fracture toughness. Due to the limited size of the DCB training data, we propose a novel data fusion framework, also incorporating the historical single-lap joint (SLJ) dataset at hand. Though the SLJ test is a less effective method for measuring the fracture toughness, we show it can be used to improve the model performance. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of our data-driven framework in an airplane maintenance application, with two times better predictive performance obtained.
Human-Robot Collaboration: A Predictive Collision Detection Approach for Operation Within Dynamic Environments
Authors: Streitmatter Gabriel , Wiens Gloria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Robots and humans closely working together within dynamic environments must be able to continuously look ahead and identify potential collisions within their ever-changing environment. To enable the robot to act upon such situational awareness, its controller requires an iterative collision detection capability that will allow for computationally efficient Proactive Adaptive Collaboration Intelligence (PACI) to ensure safe interactions.
In this paper, an algorithm is developed to evaluate a robot’s trajectory, evaluate the dynamic environment that the robot operates in, and predict collisions between the robot and dynamic obstacles in its environment. This algorithm takes as input the joint motion data of predefined robot execution plans and constructs a sweep of the robot’s instantaneous poses throughout time. The sweep models the trajectory as a point cloud containing all locations occupied by the robot and the time at which they will be occupied. To reduce the computational burden, Coons patches are leveraged to approximate the robot’s instantaneous poses. In parallel, the algorithm creates a similar sweep to model any human(s) and other obstacles being tracked in the operating environment. Overlaying temporal mapping of the sweeps reveals anticipated collisions that will occur if the robot-human do not proactively modify their motion. The algorithm is designed to feed into a segmentation and switching logic framework and provide real-time proactive-n-reactive behavior for different levels of human-robot interactions, while maintaining safety and production efficiency. To evaluate the predictive collision detection approach, multiple test cases are presented to quantify the computational speed and accuracy in predicting collisions.
Does the effect of lifestyle intervention for individuals with diabetes vary by food insecurity status? A preplanned subgroup analysis of the REAL HEALTH randomized clinical trial
Authors: Berkowitz Seth A , Chang Yuchiao , Porneala Bianca , Cromer Sara J , Wexler Deborah J , Delahanty Linda M 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionWe aimed to test the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention (LI) for individuals with food insecurity and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsAdults with type 2 diabetes, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2(or ≥23 kg/m2if Asian), hemoglobin A1c of 6.5%–11.5% (48–97 mmol/mol) and who were willing to lose 5%–7% bodyweight were enrolled in REAL HEALTH-Diabetes. This practice-based randomized clinical trial compared LI (delivered inperson or by telephone) with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on weight loss at 6 and 12 months. Two or more affirmative responses on the six-item US Department of Agriculture Food Security Survey Module indicated food insecurity. In this prespecified subgroup analysis, we tested using linear mixed effects models whether the intervention effect varied by food security status.ResultsOf 208 participants, 13% were food insecure. Those with food insecurity were more likely to be racial/ethnic minorities (p<0.001) and have lower education (p<0.001). LI, versus MNT, led to greater weight loss at 6 months (5.1% lost vs 1.1% lost; p<0.0001) and 12 months (4.7% lost vs 2.0% lost; p=0.0005). The intervention effect was similar regardless of food security status (5.1% bodyweight lost vs 1.1% in food secure participants and 5.1% bodyweight lost vs 1.3% in food insecure participants at 6 months; 4.7% bodyweight lost vs 2.1% in food secure participants and 4.5% bodyweight lost vs 0.9% in food insecure participants at 12 months; p for interaction=0.99).ConclusionsThe REAL HEALTH-Diabetes lifestyle intervention led to meaningful weight loss for individuals with food insecurity and type 2 diabetes.Trial registration numberNCT02320253.
Long-term outcomes of surgical rib fixation in patients with flail chest and multiple rib fractures
Authors: Uchida Kenichiro , Miyashita Masahiro , Kaga Shinichiro , Noda Tomohiro , Nishimura Tetsuro , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Mizobata Yasumitsu 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundRecently, interest has increased in surgical fixation for severe thoracic wall injury with good short-term outcomes. However, few reports have evaluated long-term outcomes or complications. This study aimed to assess long-term quality of life and implant-related complications after rib fixation for flail chest and multiple rib fractures.MethodsWe interviewed patients who had undergone rib fixation from January 2014 to December 2019 about their current ability to work and their usual life.ResultsTwenty-two patients underwent rib fixation during the study period. Two patients with flail chest had already died after the surgery due to senescence; thus, follow-up information was obtained from 20 patients (91%), with a follow-up duration of 47.5 (IQR 22–58) months. The most undesirable event occurring during the study period was irritation caused by a palpable plate (n=2, 10%), probably due to the thin skin of patients over 70 years old. Eighteen patients were able to return to their usual life or same work as in the premorbid state with no complaints. Two patients are still undergoing rehabilitation due to concomitant extremities fractures. The median EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.89 (IQR 0.84–0.93). There were no implant-related complications requiring plate explantation.DiscussionWe concluded that rib fixation offers good long-term benefits, with the ability of the patient with flail chest or multiple rib fractures to return to activity in the premorbid state. Elderly patients especially with thin, soft tissue may complain of irritation caused by the plate and should be informed of this prior to surgery.Level of evidenceLevel IV therapeutic care/management.
Low-intensity physical activity may protect pregnant women against spontaneous preterm labour: a prospective case-control study
Authors: Steckle Valerie , Shynlova Oksana , Lye Stephen , Bocking Alan 
Published: September 2020

The innate immune system plays a significant role in onset of parturition. Maternal antenatal physical activity can influence immune function and timing of labour. We examined physical activity patterns and concentration of 19 cytokines at 16 and 27 weeks gestational age (GA), in peripheral plasma of 28 asymptomatic women who later had spontaneous preterm labour (SPTL, <37 weeks GA) and 52 women who later delivered at term (TL; ≥37 weeks GA). This nested case-control study used data from the Ontario Birth Study cohort. Exercise was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and cytokines were analyzed using Luminex assays. There was no significant difference in exercise patterns between SPTL and TL subjects. Plasma concentration of interleukin (IL)-10 was significantly higher in SPTL women at 16 and 27 weeks, while tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 concentrations were increased at 27 weeks GA (p < 0.05). Concentration of IL-10 was negatively correlated with the amount of reported walking (ρ = −0.264, p = 0.03). Women should be encouraged to partake in low-intensity exercise throughout pregnancy, as it may confer a protective effect against SPTL through IL-10–mediated pathways. Additionally, plasma cytokine analysis at 27 weeks GA may be useful for predicting SPTL in asymptomatic women. Novelty: In women that delivered preterm, plasma levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were significantly elevated at 16 and 27 weeks of gestation. Plasma levels of IL-10 were negatively correlated with the amount of reported walking. Concentration of IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-α were increased in plasma of asymptomatic women that subsequently deliver preterm.
Redox and apoptotic potential of novel ruthenium complexes in rat blood and heart
Authors: Mihajlovic Katarina , Milosavljevic Isidora , Jeremic Jovana , Savic Maja , Sretenovic Jasmina , Srejovic Ivan , Zivkovic Vladimir , Jovicic Nemanja , Paunovic Milica , Bolevich Sergey , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Novokmet Slobodan 
Published: September 2020

Ruthenium(II) complexes offer the potential for lower toxicity compared with platinum(II) complexes. Our study aimed to compare cardiotoxicity of [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl], [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl], [Ru(Cl-tpy)(bpy)Cl][Cl], cisplatin, and saline through assessment of redox status and relative expression of apoptosis-related genes. A total of 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Ruthenium groups received a single dose of complexes intraperitoneally (4 mg/kg/week) for a 4-week period; cisplatin group received cisplatin (4 mg/kg/week) and control group received saline (4 mL/kg/week) in the same manner as ruthenium groups. In collected blood and heart tissue samples, spectrophotometric determination of oxidative stress biomarkers was performed. The relative expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3) in hearts was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that systemic and cardiac pro-oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite) were significantly lower in ruthenium groups compared with cisplatin group, while concentrations of antioxidative parameters (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and oxidized glutathione) were significantly higher. Ruthenium administration led to significantly lower gene expression of Bax and caspase-3 compared with cisplatin-treated rats, while Bcl-2 remained unchanged. Applied ruthenium complexes have less pronounced potential for induction of oxidative stress-mediated cardiotoxicity compared with cisplatin. These findings may help for future studies that should clarify the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of ruthenium-based metallodrugs.
TIME-VARYING EPIDEMIC TRANSMISSION IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS AND APPLICATIONS TO MEASLES
Authors: SOTTILE SARA , LIU XINZHI 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we analyze some epidemic models by considering a time-varying transmission rate in complex heterogeneous networks. The transmission rate is assumed to change in time, due to a switching signal, and since the spreading of the disease also depends on connections between individuals, the population is modeled as a heterogeneous network. We establish some stability results related to the behavior of the time-weighted average Basic Reproduction Number (BRN).Later, a Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered (SEIR) model which describes the measles disease is proposed and we show that its dynamics is determined by a threshold value, below which the disease dies out. Moreover, compared with models without the Exposed compartment, we can find weaker stability results. A control strategy with an imperfect vaccine is applied, to determine how it could effect the size of the peak. Due to the periodic behavior of the switching rule, we compare the results with the BRN of the model. Some simulations are given, using a scale-free network, to illustrate the threshold conditions found.
Hybrid Codes
Authors: Ye Liuqing , Feng Dan , Hu Yuchong , Wei Xueliang 
Published: September 2020

Erasure codes are being extensively deployed in practical storage systems to prevent data loss with low redundancy. However, these codes require excessive disk I/Os and network traffic for recovering unavailable data. Among all erasure codes, Minimum Storage Regenerating (MSR) codes can achieve optimal repair bandwidth under the minimum storage during recovery, but some open issues remain to be addressed before applying them in real systems.
Facing with the huge burden during recovery, erasure-coded storage systems need to be developed with high repair efficiency. Aiming at this goal, a new class of coding scheme is introduced—Hybrid Regenerating Codes (Hybrid-RC). The codes utilize the superiority of MSR codes to compute a subset of data blocks while some other parity blocks are used for reliability maintenance. As a result, our design is near-optimal with respect to storage and network traffic and shows great improvements in recovery performance.
EpCAM Signaling Promotes Tumor Progression and Protein Stability of PD-L1 through the EGFR Pathway
Authors: Chen Hao-Nien , Liang Kang-Hao , Lai Jun-Kai , Lan Chun-Hsin , Liao Mei-Ying , Hung Shao-Hsi , Chuang Yi-Ting , Chen Kai-Chi , Tsuei William Wei-Fu , Wu Han-Chung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Although epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has previously been shown to promote tumor progression, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the EGF-like domain I within the extracellular domain of EpCAM (EpEX) binds EGFR, activating both AKT and MAPK signaling to inhibit forkhead transcription factor O3a (FOXO3a) function and stabilize PD-L1 protein, respectively. Treatment with the EpCAM neutralizing antibody, EpAb2-6, inhibited AKT and FOXO3a phosphorylation, increased FOXO3a nuclear translocation, and upregulated high temperature requirement A2 (HtrA2) expression to promote apoptosis while decreasing PD-L1 protein levels to enhance the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. In vivo, EpAb2-6 markedly extended survival in mouse metastasis and orthotopic models of human colorectal cancer. The combination of EpAb2-6 with atezolizumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, almost completely eliminated tumors. Moreover, the number of CD8+ T cells in combination-treated tumors was increased compared with atezolizumab alone. Our findings suggest a new combination strategy for cancer immunotherapy in patients with EpCAM-expressing tumors.

Significance:
This study shows that treatment with an EpCAM neutralizing antibody promotes apoptosis while decreasing PD-L1 protein to enhance cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells.
Vittinkiite, MnMn4[Si5O15], a member of the rhodonite group with a long history: definition as a mineral species
Authors: Shchipalkina Nadezhda V. , Pekov Igor V. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Britvin Sergey N. , Koshlyakova Natalia N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rhodonite-group mineral with the idealised, end-member formula MnMn4[Si5O15] and the crystal chemical formulaVIIM(5)MnVIM(1–3)Mn3VIIM(4)Mn[Si5O15] (Roman numerals indicate coordination numbers) is defined as a valid mineral species named vittinkiite after the type locality Vittinki (Vittinge) mines, Isokyrö, Western and Inner Finland Region, Finland. Vittinkiite is an isostructural analogue of rhodonite, ideally CaMn4[Si5O15], with Mn2+> Ca at theM(5) site. Besides Vittinki, vitiinkiite was found in more than a dozen rhodonite deposits worldwide, however, it is significantly less common in comparison with rhodonite. The mineral typically forms pink to light pink massive, granular aggregates and is associated with quartz, rhodonite, tephroite, pyroxmangite and Mn oxides. Vittinkiite is optically biaxial (+), with α = 1.725(4), β = 1.733(4), γ = 1.745(5) and 2Vmeas= 75(10)° (589 nm). The chemical composition of the holotype (wt.%, electron microprobe) is: MgO 0.52, CaO, 0.93, MnO 51.82, FeO 1.26, ZnO 0.11, SiO246.48, total 101.12. The empirical formula calculated based on 15 O apfu is Mn4.71Ca0.11Fe0.11Mg0.08Zn0.01Si4.99O15. Vittinkiite is triclinic, space groupP$\bar{1}$, witha= 6.6980(3),b= 7.6203(3),c= 11.8473(5) Å, α = 105.663(3), β = 92.400(3), γ = 94.309(3)°,V= 579.38(7) Å3andZ= 2. The crystal structure is solved on a single crystal toR1= 3.85%. Polymorphism of MnSiO3(rhodonite-, pyroxmangite-, garnet- and clinopyroxene-type manganese metasilicates) is discussed, as well as the relationship between vittinkiite and pyroxmangite, ideally Mn7[Si7O21], and the application of infrared spectroscopy for the identification of manganese pyroxenoids.
Rectangular loop suture to correct iris capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens
Authors: Lin Ke , Hu Zhixiang , Lin Zhong , Chen Tianyu , Tang Yongping , Wu Ronghan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
To report a new technique for iris capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in patients with a posterior capsule defect.

Methods
In this retrospective case series, a rectangular loop ciliary body suture technique was performed to rectify iris capture. The suture passes between the IOL and iris in a direction perpendicular to the iris edge capturing the IOL.

Results
A total of three IOLs with iris capture underwent a rectangular loop suture technique. No recapture was observed postoperatively. In one case, large astigmatism appeared after the surgery but recovered at 1 month post operation. No further complications were found.

Conclusions
The rectangular loop suture technique is an effective, convenient, and minimally invasive method for iris capture of the IOL.
Adherence to inhalers and comorbidities in COPD patients. A cross-sectional primary care study from Greece
Authors: Ierodiakonou Despo , Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra , Kampouraki Maria , Poulorinakis Ioannis , Papadokostakis Polyvios , Gialamas Ioannis , Athanasiou Polyxeni , Bempi Vasiliki , Lampraki Irene , Tsiligianni Ioanna ,   On behalf of the Greek UNLOCK group, Kampouraki Maria , Ierodiakonou Despo , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Lintovoi Eleftheria , Karanassos Dimitris , Papadokostakis Polyvios , Poulorinakis Ioannis , Maltezis Kyriakos , Chorti Maria , Petrovitsos Evangelos , Dimopoulou Sofia , Hamind Sam , Gialamas Ioannis , Athanasiou Polyxeni , Bempi Vasiliki , Lampraki Irene 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Comorbidities and adherence to inhaled therapy appears to have a major impact on treatment goals, health status and disease control in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim of the study was to assess levels of adherence to inhalers, comorbidities and associations with COPD outcomes in patients residing in rural and semi-urban areas of Greece.

Methods
Two hundred fifty-seven COPD patients were enrolled from primary health care in 2015–2016. Physicians used structured interviews and questionnaires to assess quality of life and disease status. Patients were classified into groups according to GOLD 2019 guidelines (based on CAT and mMRC). Adherence to inhalers was measured with the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI). Multivariate linear and logistics regression models were used to assess associations between comorbidities and adherence to inhalers with COPD outcomes, including CAT and mMRC scores, exacerbations and GOLD A-D status.

Results
74.1% of COPD patients reported poor adherence, while most of them were characterized as deliberate non-compliers (69.5%). 77.1% had ≥2 comorbidities, with overweight/obese (82.2%), hypertension (72.9%) and diabetes mellitus (58%) being the most prevalent. In multivariate analysis, COPD outcomes having significant associations with poor adherence included worse health status [OR (95% CI) 4.86 (1.61–14.69) and 2.93 (1.51–5.71) based on CAT and mMRC, respectively], having ≥2 exacerbations in the past year [4.68 (1.51–4.44)], and disease status e.g., be in groups C or D [3.13 (1.49–8.53) and 3.35 (1.24–9.09) based on CAT and mMRC, respectively). Subjects with gastroesophageal reflux showed better inhaler adherence [OR (95% CI) 0.17 (0.6–0.45)], but none of the comorbid conditions was associated with COPD outcomes after adjustments.

Conclusions
Poor adherence to inhalers and comorbidities are both prevalent in COPD patients of primary care residing in rural/semi-urban areas of Greece, with adherence influencing COPD outcomes. Raising awareness of patients and physicians on the importance of comorbidities control and inhaler adherence may lead to interventions and improve outcomes.