bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long Noncoding RNA HUPCOS Promotes Follicular Fluid Androgen Excess in PCOS Patients via Aromatase Inhibition
Authors: Che Qi , Liu Miao , Zhang Doudou , Lu Yongning , Xu Jun , Lu Xinmei , Cao Xiang , Liu Yang , Dong Xi , Liu Suying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContextAndrogen excess is a key feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the role and mechanism of novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) highly up-regulated in PCOS (HUPCOS) in the androgen excess of PCOS patients.DesignThe lncRNA expression profile in granulosa cells derived from PCOS and non-PCOS women were analyzed by using microarray assay. Human granulosa cell line KGN was used for mechanism investigation.SettingThis was a university-based study.PatientsThirty-eight PCOS and 38 control patients were recruited: 8 PCOS and 8 control samples used for microarray discovery, the remaining 30 PCOS cases and 30 controls for quantitative RT-PCR validation.Main Outcome MeasuresThe aberrant expression lncRNA profile of PCOS patients was measured using microarray. The relationship of HUPCOS and follicular fluid testosterone was measured. Aromatase expression were analyzed after HUPCOS downregulation. HUPCOS interaction protein was confirmed by RNA pull-down.ResultsThe significantly elevated lncRNA in PCOS granulosa cells was named HUPCOS, which was positively correlated with follicular fluid testosterone of PCOS patients. HUPCOS downregulation increased aromatase expression and promoted conversion of androgen to estrogen. RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) was the most likely protein that combined with HUPCOS.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that HUPCOS mediated androgen excess in follicular fluid of PCOS patients by suppressing aromatase expression via interaction with RBPMS.
Ten Years of Very Infrequent Zoledronate Therapy in Older Women: An Open-Label Extension of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Grey Andrew , Horne Anne , Gamble Greg , Mihov Borislav , Reid Ian R , Bolland Mark 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Context
Intravenous zoledronate prevents bone loss and reduces fracture risk in older adults but the optimal dosing strategy required to achieve each outcome is not known.

Objective
To assess the effect of very infrequent zoledronate therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover.

Design and participants
An average of 5.5 years after randomization to either a single dose of 5 mg of zoledronateor placebo, 33 of the original cohort of 50 older women with osteopenia entered a 5-year open-label extension study.

Setting
Academic research center

Intervention
A 5-mg dose of intravenous zoledronate was administered to all participants.

Main outcome measures
BMD and bone turnover were measured annually, generating data over almost 11 years in women who received 5 mg of zoledronate at 0 and 5.5 years (ZZ, n = 16), or placebo at baseline and 5 mg of zoledronate at 5.5 years (PZ, n = 17).

Results
After redosing, BMD in ZZ remained stable, while BMD in PZ increased. At 11 years, changes from baseline BMD in ZZ and PZ were 3.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1,6.5) and 2.9% (0.3,5.5) at the lumbar spine (P = .61), 0.9% (–1.7,3.5) and –2.8% (–5.3,–0.3) at the total hip (P = .006), and 0.4% (–0.8,1.6) and –0.4% (–1.3,0.5) at the total body (P = .14). Bone turnover markers were similar in the PZ and ZZ groups throughout the 5 years after redosing.

Conclusions
These results suggest that zoledronate 5 mg administered at a 5.5-year interval prevents bone loss over almost 11 years. Clinical trials to investigate whether very infrequent treatment with zoledronate reduces fracture risk are justified.
Between Emotion and Calculation
Authors: Espeche Ximena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Operation Truth (Operación Verdad) was the Cuban Revolution’s first major intervention in the global mass media. In late January 1959, the revolutionary government invited journalists and politicians from around the world to witness the trials and executions of individuals accused of committing human rights abuses during the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship. This essay argues that Operation Truth prompted a battle of information waged to define the legitimacy of emotion and calculation as a way of supporting political action in Cuba. Operation Truth coverage judged the revolutionary leaders’ suitability as governing officials by characterizing them as bearers of a “true masculinity,” and positively or negatively judging their “Latin” identity.
Tricontinental’s International Solidarity
Authors: Hanna Lani 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Tricontinental Conference in 1966 in Havana, Cuba, marked a moment of particular import for the development of an internationalism grounded in anti-imperialist and decolonial solidarity. Tricontinental took place at the height of crisis for many nations fighting for independence. The Organization of Solidarity of the People of Africa, Asia, and Latin America (OSPAAAL) sought to promote an internationalist political perspective that interrelated global revolutionary movements through their collective opposition to imperial and colonial governance and resource extraction. This essay focuses on two affective aesthetic tactics: the mobilization of images of women represented as actors in armed struggle, as well as more commonly gendered representations of motherhood. It examines imagery and writing that centers gender and focuses on the intersection of violence against women, aspects of capitalism, imperialism, interpersonal relationships, family and women’s reproductive rights, and culture. Ultimately, it demonstrates that OSPAAAL used artistic production as a tool of political dialogue.
CT-guided microcoil implantation for localizing pulmonary ground-glass nodules: feasibility and accuracy of oblique approach for lesions difficult to access on axial images
Authors: Chuan-dong Li , Hong-liang Sun , Zhen-guo Huang , Bao-xiang Gao , He Chen , Min-xing Yang , Xiao-liang Chen 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
(1) To evaluate the value of CT-guided microcoil implantation for localizing pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). (2) To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of cephalic-caudal oblique approach for lesions difficult to access on axial images owing to overlying bony structures, large vessels or interlober fissures.

Methods:
From June 2016 to March 2019, all patients with GGNs resected by VATS after marking using CT-guided microcoil implantation in China-Japan friendship hospital were enrolled and clinical and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the microcoil marked path, the GGNs were divided into cephalic-caudal oblique group (oblique group) and non-oblique group. The success rate of marking, the time required for marking and the incidence of complications between the two groups were compared.

Results:
258 GGNs from 215 consecutive patients were included in this study. The diameter of GGNs was 1.22 ± 0.50 cm, and the shortest distance from GGNs to the pleura was 1.56 ± 1.09 cm. All 258 GGNs were successfully resected by VATS under the guidance of implanted microcoils, and no case was converted to thoracotomy. During CT-guided microcoil implantation, cephalic- caudal oblique approach was taken in 56 GGNs (oblique group) to avoid bone, interlobar fissure and blood vessels. The time required for marking was significantly longer for oblique group compared with non-oblique group (16.6 ± 2.4 vs. 13.1 ± 1.9 min, p&lt;0.01). No significant differences in the success rate of marking (94.6% vs 91.6%), the incidence of pneumothorax (19.6% vs 17.8%), the bleeding rate (10.7% vs 8.9%), and the hemoptysis rate (1.8% vs 1.5%) were observed between the two groups.

Conclusion:
CT-guided microcoil implantation can effectively guide VATS to resect GGNs. For GGNs difficult to access on axial images, CT-guided cephalic-caudal oblique approach is feasible, safe, and accurate.

Advances in knowledge:
CT-guided microcoil implantation can effectively guide VATS to resect GGNs. The marked path with cephalic-caudal obliquity can effectively avoid bone, interlobar fissure and blood vessels, successfully mark GGNs difficult to access on axial images, while keeping the distance from the pleura to the lesion on the marked path as short as possible at the same time.
Utility of low-dose gelatin sponge particles and 5% ethanolamine oleate iopamidol mixture in retrograde transvenous obliteration (GERTO) for gastric varices
Authors: Jogo Atsushi , Yamamoto Akira , Kaminoh Toshio , Nakano Mariko , Kageyama Ken , Sohgawa Etsuji , Hamamoto Shinichi , Sakai Yukimasa , Hamuro Masao , Nishida Norifumi , Miki Yukio 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To determine the utility of low-dose gelatin sponge particles and 5% ethanolamine oleate iopamidol (EOI) mixture in retrograde transvenous obliteration (GERTO) for gastric varices (GV).

Methods:
57 consecutive patients who underwent balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) for GV were divided into three groups with Hirota’s grade by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous venography. Hirota’s Grade 1 patients were assigned to G1 group and underwent treatment with 5% EOI. Grade ≥ 2 patients prior to August 2015 were G ≥ 2 group treated with 5% EOI, and those treated thereafter were GERTO group. The amount of EOI used per unit GV volume (EOI/GV ratio), the times to embolization and recurrence rate of GV were evaluated.

Results:
The EOI/GV ratio was 0.66 ± 0.19 in G1, 1.5 ± 0.8 in G ≥ 2, and 0.58 ± 0.23 in GERTO (G ≥ 2 vs GERTO, p &lt; 0.0001). The times to embolization were 26.5 ± 10.5 min for G1, 39.2 ± 26.8 for G ≥ 2, and 21.4 ± 9.4 for GERTO (G ≥ 2 vs GERTO, p = 0.005). The recurrence rate was not significantly different in any of the groups.

Conclusion:
GERTO was performed in lower amount of sclerosants and in less time compared to conventional B-RTO in Hirota’s grade ≥2.

Advances in knowledge:
Feasibility of low-dose gelatin sponge particles and 5% EOI mixture as sclerosants for GV.
The iCRF Generator: Generating interoperable electronic case report forms using online codebooks
Authors: de Ridder Sander , Beliën Jeroen A.M. 
Published: February 2020

Semantic interoperability of clinical data is essential to preserve its meaning and intent when the data is exchanged, re-used or integrated with other data. Achieving semantic operability requires the use of a communication standard, such as HL7, as well as (functional) information standards. Manually mapping clinical data to a medical thesaurus, such as SNOMED CT, is complicated and requires expert knowledge of both the dataset, including its context, and the thesaurus. As an alternative, the (re-)use of codebooks, data definitions which may already have been mapped to a thesaurus, can be a viable approach. We’ve developed the iCRF Generator, a Java program that can generate the core of an interoperable electronic case report form (iCRF) for several of the major electronic data capture systems (EDCs). To build their CRFs, users can select one or more items from established codebooks, available from an online system called ART-DECOR. By providing an easy to use method to create CRFs for multiple EDCs based on the same codebooks, interoperability can be more easily attained.
Extended trochanteric osteotomy: improving the access and reducing the risk in revision THA
Authors: Wronka Konrad Sebastian , Gerard-Wilson Michell , Peel Elizabeth , Rolfson Ola , Cnudde Peter Herman Johan 
Published: February 2020

This review article presents a comprehensive literature review regarding extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO). The history, rationale, biomechanical considerations as well as indications are discussed. The outcomes and complications as reported in the literature are presented, discussed and compared with our own practice. Based on the available evidence, we present our preferred technique for performing ETO, its fixation, as well as post-operative rehabilitation. The ETO aids implant removal and enhanced access. Reported union rate of ETO is high. The complications related to ETO are much less frequent than in cases when accidental intra-operative femoral fracture occurred that required fixation. Based on the literature and our own experience we recommend ETO as a useful adjunct in the arsenal of the revision hip specialist.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:104-112. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190005
Acute scaphoid fractures: guidelines for diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Clementson Martin , Björkman Anders , Thomsen Niels O. B. 
Published: February 2020

In cases of suspected scaphoid fracture where the initial radiographs are negative, a supplementary MRI, or alternatively CT, should be carried out within three to five days. Fracture classification, assessment of dislocation as well as evaluation of fracture healing is best done on CT with reconstructions in the coronal and sagittal planes, following the longitudinal axis of the scaphoid. After adequate conservative management, union is achieved at six weeks for approximately 90% of non-displaced or minimally displaced (≤ 0.5 mm) scaphoid waist fractures. Scaphoid waist fractures with moderate displacement (0.5–1.5 mm) can be treated conservatively, but require prolonged cast immobilization for approximately eight to ten weeks. Internal fixation is recommended for all scaphoid waist fractures with dislocation ≥ 1.5 mm. Distal scaphoid fractures can be treated conservatively. The majority heal uneventfully after four to six weeks of immobilization, depending on fracture type. In general, proximal scaphoid fractures should be treated with internal fixation.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:96-103. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190025
System design and error correction for 300  mm aperture vertical Fizeau spatial-temporal phase-shifting interferometer
Authors: Zheng Donghui , Chen Lei , Kong Lu , Wang Chong , Hu Chenhui , Wang Yuntao , Zhu Wenhua , Zhu Rihong , Wulan Tuya 
Published: February 2020

With the development of high-power lasers for aerospace, electronics, etc., the demand for large-aperture planar optical elements has become more urgent, along with the demand for measurement methods. In this paper, the design of a 300 mm aperture vertical Fizeau spatial-temporal phase-shifting interferometer is discussed. Based on position difference between laser sources, the spatial phase-shifting technique is achieved by generating a laser source array on the focal plane of the collimation lens, and four pairs of coherent beams with different phase shifts are integrated in a vertical Fizeau interference system. Combined with a tunable laser diode, a temporal phase-shifting technique can be realized in any pair of coherent beams through wavelength tuning. The key techniques, which include laser duplication to introduce different phase shifts, conjugate imaging, and separation for interferograms, and assembly for a transmission flat, are demonstrated. The systematic error and position mismatch error of interferograms are eliminated. Comparison experiments are conducted between spatial and temporal phase-shifting techniques. A dynamic water surface is also measured to verify its capacity for detecting dynamic objects.
Numerical simulation of a highly directional optical leaky wave antenna using diamond-shaped graphene perturbations
Authors: Patel Shobhit K. , Parmar Juveriya , Ladumor Mayurkumar , Ahmed Kawsar , Nguyen Truong Khang , Dhasarathan Vigneswaran 
Published: February 2020

We present a graphene-based optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) with diamond-shaped perturbations. The leaky wave antenna is created by applying diamond-shaped graphene perturbations to a Si3N4 waveguide. The leaky wave behavior is observed by changing the graphene chemical potential. Results in the form of leakage power, normalized directivity, and reflectance, transmittance, leakage power, normalized directivity, and normalized E-field are presented. The half power beamwidth (HPBW) of 1.2° is achieved by this antenna. The reflectance and transmittance are in a very low wavelength range between 1.4 and 1.6 µm throughout. The leakage of power is more for the lower graphene chemical potential. The graphene-based design is also compared to a gold-based design and silicon-based design to show the leakage comparison. The designed graphene-based OLWA can be used in medical sensing devices.
Improved performance of UVC-LEDs by combination of high-temperature annealing and epitaxially laterally overgrown AlN/sapphire
Authors: Susilo Norman , Ziffer Eviathar , Hagedorn Sylvia , Cancellara Leonardo , Netzel Carsten , Ploch Neysha Lobo , Wu Shaojun , Rass Jens , Walde Sebastian , Sulmoni Luca , Guttmann Martin , Wernicke Tim , Albrecht Martin , Weyers Markus , Kneissl Michael 
Published: February 2020

We report on the performance of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) emitting at 265 nm grown on stripe-patterned high-temperature annealed (HTA) epitaxially laterally overgrown (ELO) aluminium nitride (AlN)/sapphire templates. For this purpose, the structural and electro-optical properties of ultraviolet-c light-emitting diodes (UVC-LEDs) on as-grown and on HTA planar AlN/sapphire as well as ELO AlN/sapphire with and without HTA are investigated and compared. Cathodoluminescence measurements reveal dark spot densities of

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in multiple quantum well samples on as-grown planar AlN/sapphire, HTA planar AlN/sapphire, ELO AlN/sapphire, and HTA ELO AlN/sapphire, respectively, and are consistent with the threading dislocation densities determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curve. The UVC-LED performance improves with the reduction of the threading dislocation densities (TDDs). The output powers (measured on-wafer in cw operation at 20 mA) of the UV-LEDs emitting at 265 nm were 0.03 mW (planar AlN/sapphire), 0.8 mW (planar HTA AlN/sapphire), 0.9 mW (ELO AlN/sapphire), and 1.1 mW (HTA ELO AlN/sapphire), respectively. Furthermore, Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations showed a 15% increase in light-extraction efficiency due to the voids formed in the ELO process. These results demonstrate that HTA ELO AlN/sapphire templates provide a viable approach to increase the efficiency of UV-LEDs, improving both the internal quantum efficiency and the light-extraction efficiency.
From Ethiopian Slave to Egyptian Ṣūfī Master? Yāqūt al-Ḥabashī in Mamluk and Ottoman Sources
Authors: Cecere Giuseppe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractShaykh Yāqūt al-Ḥabashī (d. 732 ah/1332 ce) is a saintly figure from Mamluk times that is still highly revered in present-day Egypt. He is traditionally described as an Ethiopian slave who became a Ṣūfī master of the ṭarīqa Shādhiliyya in Alexandria. However, both his life and teachings are difficult to reconstruct, as he did not leave any written work and source information on him is fragmentary and inconsistent. This paper tries to shed light, if not on the shaykh’s biography, at least on the making of his hagiographic image, by means of comparative analysis of different biohagiographic traditions on him in Mamluk and Ottoman sources. This will hopefully help to better understand the formation of historical self-representations in the early Shādhiliyya, as well as to gain some fresh insights into social representations of slavery and phenotypic diversity in medieval Egypt.
From the Editor in Chief
Authors: Doğanay Ahmet 
Published: February 2020

Dear producers and consumers of knowledge,
I would like to share the happiness of being with you again with first issue of Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction (PEGEGOG) in 2020. Initially, I want to thank you for the increasing interest for our journal.
In this issue, I am pleased to inform you that our journal has started to be indexed in ERIC database as well. With this good news, there has been a significant increase in the number of submissions to our journal. Although this interest in our journal has pleased us, I would like to inform that we will be more selective in order to improve our publication quality. Therefore, I recommend you, dear science producers, to carefully examine the author's guide before submitting your article.
Ninety seven manuscripts were submitted to PEGEGOG in the last three months. Of these, about 19.00% were accepted for publication. This is good news for our journal. On the other hand, I have to indicate that there were critical problems in terms of format within these articles as stated in the previous issue. First of all, unfortunately we had to reject some articles as in many of them there were texts very similar to ones in different articles. At first step, we scan all articles in i-Thenticate program to determine the exact quotations from other resources. After this scan, we reject the articles detected to have exact quotations at a high rate without initiating peer-review process. Apart from that, we also send back the articles not written in an academic format not to disturb our reviewers unnecessarily.
One of the problems with the articles submitted to our journal and we had to reject was about data analysis. The data is the raw information collected from related resources through research aims. These should be analyzed in parallel with these aims. It is necessary to analyze them using statistics for quantitative data and methods such as content analysis or descriptive analysis for qualitative data. Analysis provides the data being transformed into findings and make sense. Especially, in some of document analysis and some qualitative studies, it is seen that data are presented as findings. In some others, data are presented being only described. It is essential that the studies are formed in an article format obeying the rules by the journal and presented for publication afterwards.
As always, we present the ten articles got through peer-review process and given DOI number to you dear producers and consumers of knowledge. I wish these studies conducted in various fields of educational sciences will be useful and contribute to theoretical knowledge within the field. Hope to meet within the next issue.
Sincerely yours,
On the Judicialisation of International Law
Authors: Wiśniewski Adam 
Published: February 2020

The judicialisation of international law is a relatively recent phenomenon that gained momentum in the 1990s and 2000s. Coupled with the trend towards widespread compulsory jurisdiction, it has been crucial in strengthening the commitment of states to adhere to their international obligations. Another important effect of judicialisation on international law is that at least certain international norms have acquired an “objective” nature, detached from the will of states. This is because the interpretation and application of these norms is no longer dependent solely upon the subjective discretion of states, but is subject to consideration and examination by independent judicial bodies. The process of judicialisation, while contributing to the international rule of law, has undoubtedly changed the face of international law a great deal as a result of some other factors. The multiplication of international courts has led to the expansion of the judicial institutional layer, making international law less horizontal. Also, as a result of the growing case-law of these courts, the system of international law is becoming more complex and developed, and thus also more mature. The natural aspect of the judicial function is the development of international law. Despite the problems and risks involved, the proliferation of international courts and tribunals can be perceived as one of the important components of the dynamic transformation of international law during the recent decades.