bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horizontal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Gain Measures During Convergence Using a Monocular Video Technique
Authors: Figtree William V. C. , Schubert Michael C. , Migliaccio Americo A. 
Published: October 2019

Hypothesis:
Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) response measures during convergence, which are clinically important to measure peripheral vestibular organ function during rotational and translational rapid head movements, can be implemented using existing clinically available monocular video-oculography (VOG) systems.

Background:
We have developed and validated a monocular VOG technique that allows for accurate measurement of the convergence angle immediately before a rapid translational or rotational head movement.

Methods:
We recorded binocular eye movements while subjects performed active or passive horizontal head impulses while viewing near and far targets. We calculated the convergence angles and VOR gains using monocular and binocular methods and compared them with a geometric model.

Results:
The monocular VOG technique resulted in convergence angle and VOR gain (eye velocity/head velocity) calculations that differed by ∼10% compared with values calculated using the binocular data.

Conclusions:
The monocular VOG technique can be clinically implemented using any unmodified, commercially available, monocular VOG system, provided its camera can be positioned to track either eye. Many vestibular clinics already have access to such systems. This method makes possible reliable measurement of the near-viewing horizontal angular VOR during the head impulse test, the translational VOR during the head heave test in patients, and the clinical measurement of convergence insufficiency.
Auditory Characteristics in Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Ahn Jungmin , Lee Jung Joo , Park Song-I. , Cho Sung-Yoon , Jin Dong-Kyu , Cho Yang-Sun , Chung Won-Ho , Hong Sung-Hwa , Moon Il Joon 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate audiologic findings according to mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) subtypes and to estimate hearing changes as the disease progressed, as well as the therapeutic effect of enzyme replacement therapy on the hearing apparatus.

Methods:
A total of 124 patients who were diagnosed with MPS between September 1994 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Play audiometry or pure-tone audiometry was performed for hearing assessment, and auditory brainstem response was conducted in patients with poor compliance.

Results:
In total 124 patients were identified, ranging in age at diagnosis from 0 to 33 years. Fourteen of the patients had been diagnosed with type I, while 91 had type II, 2 had type III, 14 had type IV, and 3 had type VI. Mean bone conduction and air conduction for the better ear were 26.13±16.95 dB and 34.77 ± 20.00 dB in all patients, and 34.20±7.64 dB and 40.70±9.67 dB in patients with MPS II. The average auditory brainstem response threshold was 68.96 ±21.93 dB nHL. The most common type of hearing loss was pure sensorineural hearing loss in all subtypes, and the degree of hearing loss was variable mostly within the mild to severe range. The increase in the hearing threshold was also significantly correlated with the disease duration. However, the change in hearing level was not correlated with the duration of enzyme replacement therapy.

Conclusions:
Hearing impairment in MPS patients is common and is aggravated as the disease progresses. Thus, adequate intervention and hearing rehabilitation might play an important role in managing hearing disabilities in MPS patients.
Mortality and Cause of Death in Hearing Loss Participants: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study Using a National Sample Cohort
Authors: Kim So Young , Min Chanyang , Kim Hyung-Jong , Lee Chang Ho , Sim Songyong , Park Bumjung , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
The purpose of the present study was to estimate the risk of mortality in hearing loss subjects in accordance with the cause of death.

Study Design:
A longitudinal follow up study.

Setting:
Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort were collected from a period between 2002 and 2013.

Patients and Intervention:
The 4,606 severe and 1,007 profound hearing loss participants with 40 or more years old were 1:4 matched with control participants, respectively, for age, sex, income, and region of residence. The causes of death were grouped into 12 classifications.

Main Outcome Measures:
The ratio of mortality was compared between the hearing loss and control group using a χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. In a Cox-proportional hazard model, age, sex, income, region of residence, and past medical histories were considered confounders.

Results:
The severe and profound hearing loss groups showed 4.07 (95% CI = 3.71–4.46, p < 0.001) and 4.22 times (95% CI = 3.52–5.05, p < 0.001) higher mortality ratios in the adjusted models, respectively. Both the severe and profound hearing loss groups showed higher mortality by infection, neoplasm, trauma, and metabolic, mental, circulatory, respiratory, and digestive diseases than control groups (p < 0.05). Among various causes of death, death by trauma revealed the highest odds ratios in both the severe and profound hearing loss groups.

Conclusion:
Hearing loss was associated with a significant increase in mortality.
Occupational voice is a work in progress: active risk management, habilitation and rehabilitation
Authors: Phyland Debra , Miles Anna 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of reviewThe current article reviews recent literature examining occupational voice use and occupational voice disorders (January 2018–July 2019).Recent findingsOur understanding of the prevalence of voice disorders and work-related vocal use, vocal load and vocal ergonomics (environmental and person influences) across different occupations is continuing to build. There is encouraging evidence for the value of intervention programs for occupational voice users, particularly of late with performers, teachers and telemarketers. Education and prevention programs are emerging for other ‘at risk’ occupations.SummaryOccupational health and workforce legislation does not adequately acknowledge and guide educational, preventive and intervention approaches to occupational voice disorders. Voice disorders are prevalent in certain occupations and there is an urgent need for research to support occupational voice health and safety risk measurement, prevention and intervention. Large population-based studies are required with a focus on the health and economic burden of occupational voice disorders.
Strategies to Promote the Success of Academically At-risk Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing Students
Authors: Kramlich Debra , Holt Kristen , Law-Ham Dana 
Published: October 2019

Background
Accelerated second-degree baccalaureate nursing (ABSN) programs are continuing to increase rapidly as a strategy to address a critical nursing shortage. The ABSN student profile differs from traditional entry-level nursing students, with some studies reporting higher attrition rates for ABSN students. Costs to students and nursing programs associated with program disruption can be high.

Purpose
The purpose was to identify academic risk factors and develop strategies to promote academic success for timely progression to graduation and licensure.

Methods
Two consecutive descriptive correlational studies were conducted on sequential ABSN cohorts in a nursing program in northern New England.

Results
Data revealed modifiable factors that put students at risk of program nonprogression or dismissal. Evidence-based, targeted, individualized academic support interventions were developed and implemented.

Conclusion
Strategies to promote academic success for ABSN students identified as at-risk have been shown to be effective.
The Essentials Competencies
Authors: Mitchell Ann M. , Mahmoud Khadejah F. , Finnell Deborah , Savage Christine L. , Weber Mary , Bacidore Vicki 
Published: October 2019

Background
The use of substances including alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs increases the risk for injury, noncommunicable disease, and premature death and contributes to the global burden of disease.

Problem
The morbidity and mortality rates among patients with at-risk substance use point to the need for future nurses to have the requisite knowledge and competencies to provide care for this population.

Approach
This article provides guidance for nurse educators in designing curricula that include content related to substance use, including screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment.

Outcomes
Expected outcomes for baccalaureate, master's, and doctor of nursing practice programs are informed by the corresponding American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials.

Conclusion
The overall goal of this guidance for nursing education is to advance the knowledge and competencies of the future nursing workforce to address the continuum of substance use and improve the health of the nation.
Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness: Gaps in Inpatient Intrateam Communication*
Authors: Hirschfeld Ryan S. , Barone Silvana , Johnson Emily , Boss Renee D. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
The number of children with medical complexity and prolonged hospitalizations is rising. Strategies to adapt acute care approaches for this population are falling behind clinical demand. This study aimed to identify how inpatient team communication practices match the needs of teams caring for these patients and families, and to identify priority areas for improvement.

Design:
Cross-sectional mixed methods survey.

Setting:
Academic children’s hospital.

Subjects:
Interdisciplinary healthcare professionals: physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, resident and fellow trainees, respiratory therapists, clinical pharmacists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, social workers, and child life specialists.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Four-hundred eight interdisciplinary healthcare professionals participated (33% response rate). Half (53%) worked in ICUs and 37% had greater than 10 years clinical experience. Three overarching themes emerged regarding communication during care of children with prolonged hospitalizations are as follows: 1) Dysfunctional team collaboration: the many involved healthcare providers for these children have inconsistent team meetings and few platforms for reaching clinical consensus; 2) Continuity gaps: time-limited clinician rotations and no designated longitudinal clinical leaders undermine relationships with families and key elements of shared decision-making; and 3) Inadequate communication skills and tools: healthcare professionals have inadequate training to address complex conversations and big picture concerns, and often default to daily management conversations. Nearly half (40%) perceived intra-team conflict to occur more commonly during care of these children compared with those with short hospitalizations, and many feel unskilled to address these conflicts. Healthcare providers working in ICUs were more likely than other healthcare providers to find care of children with chronic critical illness stressful “most of the time” (ICU 46%; 60/131 vs non-ICU 25%; 21/84; p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Acute care inpatient communication practices require modification to meet the needs of healthcare professionals who provide longitudinal care to children with repeated and prolonged hospitalizations. Improvement strategies should prioritize building collaboration, continuity, and communication skills among healthcare professionals.
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III
Authors: Cho Duk Youn , Shin Hyung-Ik , Kim Hye-Ri , Lee Bum-Suk , Kim Gyu Ree , Leigh Ja-Ho , Lee Keum-Ju , Han Zee-A 
Published: October 2019

Objective
Given the lack of a Korean version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (KSCIM-III) that accurately reflects the contextual and cultural aspect of the assessment tool, the aims of the study were to develop a new Korean version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III and to investigate its reliability and validity.

Design
Forty (N = 40) consecutive patients with spinal cord injury were included in this prospective study. Backward and forward translation of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III was performed by fluent speakers in both languages. To measure the validity of Korean version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III, the scores were compared with the Modified Barthel Index. Each patient was examined by two occupational therapists. For test-retest reliability assessment, follow-up evaluation was repeated 1 mo after the initial assessment by the same evaluator.

Results
Reliability between the Korean version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III evaluators showed values of 0.710–1.000, and test-retest reliability showed high values ranging from 0.295 to 0.664. The validity of Korean version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III was confirmed by the close correlation with Modified Barthel Index (r = 0.953, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The results of this study showed high interrater and substantial test-retest reliability. The Korean version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III is an appropriate tool to assess the activities of daily living in terms of independence for patients with spinal cord injury.
Factors Associated With Gains in Performance During Rehabilitation After Pediatric Brain Injury
Authors: Krasovsky Tal , Barak Sharon , Silberg Tamar , Yissar Tamar , Brezner Amichai , Landa Jana 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivePredicting recovery of functional performance within pediatric rehabilitation after brain injury is important for health professionals and families, but information regarding factors associated with change in functional skills (“what the child can do”) and functional independence (“what the child does”) is limited. The aim of the study was to examine change in functional skills and independence over time in children with moderate-severe brain injury during prolonged inpatient rehabilitation.DesignThis study used a retrospective cohort design. Longitudinal data from 139 children (age 1.6–20.6 yrs), hospitalized for 115.4 ± 72 days, were examined. Growth curve analysis was used to examine factors associated with change in the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (functional skills and caregiver assistance, ie, functional independence) in mobility and self-care. Typical estimates for change per hospitalization day were obtained.ResultsTraumatic brain injury and older age at injury, but not sex, were associated with faster recovery. Length of stay was associated with rate of change in functional skills but not in functional independence, suggesting that improvement in functional independence during rehabilitation may be associated with other factors.ConclusionsIdentifying the factors associated with individual profiles of functional improvement can provide valuable information for clinicians and decision-makers to optimize performance after prolonged inpatient rehabilitation.
Short Sleep Duration After Hospital Evaluation for Acute Coronary Syndrome Is Associated With Increased Risk of 6-Month Readmission
Authors: Romero Emily K. , Abdalla Marwah , Thanataveerat Anusorn , Alcantara Carmela , Kronish Ian M. , Edmondson Donald , Shechter Ari 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
Hospital readmission after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with worsened patient outcomes and financial burden. Short sleep duration is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and may therefore represent a behavioral factor that increases risk of adverse posthospitalization outcomes. This study examined whether short sleep duration in the month after hospital evaluation for ACS is associated with 6-month all-cause emergency department (ED) and hospital readmission.

Methods
The current analyses entail a secondary analysis of a larger prospective observational cohort study. Sleep duration during the month after hospital evaluation for ACS was assessed subjectively and dichotomized as short (<6 hours) or not short (≥6 hours). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between short sleep duration during the month after ACS hospital evaluation and 6-month all-cause ED/hospital readmission.

Results
A total of 576 participants with complete data were included in analyses. Approximately 34% of participants reported short sleep duration during the month after ACS evaluation. Short sleep duration was significantly associated with 6-month all-cause ED/hospital readmission (hazard ratio = 2.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.12–3.66) in the model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, clinical severity, cardiac and renal markers, depression, acute stress, and including a sleep duration by ACS status interaction.

Conclusions
Short sleep duration after ACS hospital evaluation is prevalent and is associated with increased risk of all-cause readmission within 6 months of discharge. Current findings suggest that short sleep duration is an important modifiable behavioral factor to consider after hospital evaluation for ACS.
Emotion Regulation and Immune Functioning During Grief: Testing the Role of Expressive Suppression and Cognitive Reappraisal in Inflammation Among Recently Bereaved Spouses
Authors: Lopez Richard B. , Brown Ryan L. , Wu E-Lim Lydia , Murdock Kyle W. , Denny Bryan T. , Heijnen Cobi , Fagundes Christopher 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveLosing a spouse is a distressing life event that can negatively affect both mental and physical health. Stress-induced health consequences often include increased risk of cardiovascular disease and altered immune system functioning marked by increased inflammation. Here, we sought to identify individual difference factors that covary with problematic inflammatory outcomes.MethodWe measured recently bereaved spouses’ (n= 99) propensity to use emotion regulation strategies and peripheral inflammation, as measured by levels of proinflammatory cytokines after ex vivo stimulation of peripheral leukocytes with T-cell agonists. Specifically, we measured participants’ use of cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation strategy in many contexts, and expressive suppression, a less adaptive emotion regulation strategy that involves actively inhibiting emotions after already experiencing them.ResultsBereaved spouses who self-reported frequently using expressive suppression as an emotion regulation strategy tended to have a more pronounced inflammatory response, as indexed by higher levels of a composite cytokine index consisting of interleukin (IL) 17A, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon-γ (b= 0.042), as well as tumor necrosis factor α (b= 0.083) and interferon-γ (b= 0.098) when analyzed individually. Notably, these associations were observed in both unadjusted and adjusted models, with the latter including known covariates of inflammation and other potential confounding variables.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that bereaved spouses’ use of emotion regulation strategies is associated with altered immune functioning, and such a link may be an important biological pathway by which interventions targeting affect may improve immune system–related health outcomes.
Plasma tissue factor and immune activation are associated with carotid intima–media thickness progression in treated HIV infection
Authors: Hsu Denise C. , Ma Yi Fei , Narwan Amrit , Rahalkar Smruti , Rupert Adam , Scherzer Rebecca , Mills Claire , Deeks Steven , Sereti Irini , Hsue Priscilla Y. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:We evaluated the roles of biomarkers of immune activation with carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) progression in treated HIV infection.Design:Longitudinal observational study of 118 treated and virologically suppressed individuals.Methods:We measured biomarkers of immune activation at baseline using cryopreserved samples. CIMT was measured at baseline and longitudinally using high-resolution ultrasound. Linear regression was used to estimate biomarker associations with CIMT progression, and logistic regression was used to model plaque progression.Results:The median duration of follow-up was 2.0 years. The median annual rate of change in mean CIMT was 6.0%. Rates of progression were more rapid in the bifurcation (5.6%/year,P = 0.006) and internal (6.5%/year,P = 0.0008) than common CIMT (4.3%/year). Incident plaque occurred in 13 of the 52 individuals without baseline plaque. In multivariable adjusted analysis, plasma tissue factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were associated with more rapid common CIMT progression (0.058 mm/year,P = 0.0004 and 0.067 mm/year,P = 0.017; all estimates per doubling). CD8+T-cell count and percentage of HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+T cells were associated with more rapid internal CIMT progression (0.10 mm/year,P = 0.008 and 0.054 mm/year,P = 0.045). CD8+T-cell count was also associated with 0.068 mm/year more rapid mean CIMT progression (P = 0.011). Each 10% increase in CD4+T-cell count at baseline was associated with a 34% reduced odds of plaque progression (P = 0.018).Conclusion:Residual immune activation and plasma tissue factor are independently associated with CIMT progression in treated HIV infection. Interventions targeting coagulation and inflammatory pathways to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in HIV merit additional investigations.