bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The durability of long-lasting insecticidal nets distributed to the households between 2009 and 2013 in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Prakash , Rijal Komal Raj , Adhikari Nabaraj , Thakur Garib Das , Marasini Baburam , Thapa Shrestha Upendra , Banjara Megha Raj , Pant Shishir Kumar , Adhikari Bipin , Dumre Shyam Prakash , Singh Nihal , Pigeon Olivier , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Chavez Irwin , Ortega Leonard , Hii Jeffrey 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding and improving the durability of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in the field are critical for planning future implementation strategies including behavioral change for care and maintenance. LLIN distribution at high coverage is considered to be one of the adjunctive transmission reduction strategies in Nepal’s Malaria Strategic Plan 2014–2025. The main objective of this study was to assess the durability through assessment of community usage, physical integrity, residual bio-efficacy, and chemical retention in LLINs: Interceptor®, Yorkool®, and PermaNet ®2.0 which were used in Nepal during 2009 through 2013.MethodsAssessments were conducted on random samples (n= 440) of LLINs from the eleven districts representing four ecological zones: Terai plain region (Kailali and Kanchanpur districts), outer Terai fluvial ecosystem (Surkhet, Dang, and Rupandhei districts), inner Terai forest ecosystem (Mahhothari, Dhanusa, and Illam districts), and Hills and river valley (Kavrepalanchock and Sindhupalchok districts). For each LLIN, fabric integrity in terms of proportionate hole index (pHI) and residual bio-efficacy were assessed. However, for chemical retention, a representative sample of 44 nets (15 Yorkool®, 10 Permanet®2.0, and 19 Interceptor®) was evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics stratified by LLINs brand, districts, and duration of exposure.ResultsOn average, duration of use of LLINs was shortest for the Yorkool® samples, followed by PermaNet® 2.0 and Interceptor® with median ages of 8.9 (IQR = 0.4), 23.8 (IQR = 3.2), and 50.1 (IQR = 3.2) months, respectively. Over 80% of field distributed Yorkool® and PermaNet® 2.0 nets were in good condition (pHI< 25) compared to Interceptor® (66%). Bio-efficacy analysis showed that average mortality rates of Interceptor and Yorkool were below World Health Organization (WHO) optimal effectiveness of ≥ 80% compared to 2-year-old PermaNet 2.0 which attained 80%. Chemical retention analysis was consistent with bio-efficacy results.ConclusionThis study shows that distribution of LLINs is effective for malaria control; however, serviceable life of LLINs should be considered in terms of waning residual bio-efficacy that warrants replacement. As an adjunctive malaria control tool, National Malaria Control Program of Nepal can benefit by renewing the distribution of LLINs in an appropriate time frame in addition to utilizing durable and effective LLINs.
Students’ perceptions on distance education: A multinational study
Authors: Fidalgo Patricia , Thormann Joan , Kulyk Oleksandr , Lencastre José Alberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany universities offer Distance Education (DE) courses and programs to address the diverse educational needs of students and to stay current with advancing technology. Some Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) that do not offer DE find it difficult to navigate through the steps that are needed to provide such courses and programs. Investigating learners’ perceptions, attitudes and willingness to try DE can provide guidance and recommendations for IHEs that are considering expanding use of DE formats. A survey was distributed to undergraduate students in Portugal, UAE and Ukraine. The results of this pilot study showed that in all three countries, students’ major concerns about such programs were time management, motivation, and English language skills. Although students were somewhat apprehensive many indicated they were interested in taking DE courses. Six recommendations informed by interpretation of students’ responses and the literature, are offered to assist institutions who want to offer DE as part of their educational strategy.
Warm blood cardioplegia versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with low ejection fraction
Authors: Mahrose Ramy , Shorbagy Mohamed S. , Shahin Khaled M. , Elwany Shady Eid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) undergoing CABG are more likely to develop postoperative morbidity and mortality. It is controversial about which cardioplegia solution, temperature, and method of administration ensure optimal cardiac muscle preservation during CABG surgery.

Aim of the study
The aim of the study was to compare intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia with cold crystalloid cardioplegia during CABG in patients with low EF (30–40%).

Methods
Patients (n = 100) undergoing elective isolated on-pump CABG were prospectively randomized into group I (n = 50) which received antegrade cold crystalloid cardioplegia and group II (n = 50) which received antegrade warm blood cardioplegia. Blood samples were collected immediately and 12 and 24 h postoperatively. CK-MB and cardiac troponin I were measured and compared between the two groups. Other indicators such as use of inotropic support and use of intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation (IABC) were also documented.

Results
Preoperative demographic and clinical variables were matched in both groups. However, postoperative CK-MB and troponin I were higher in group I compared to group II. There was less need for inotropic support and IABC with better postoperative course in group II than in group I.

Conclusion
There was a significant reduction in the release of cardiac enzymes and less need for inotropic support with better postoperative outcome in patients who received antegrade warm blood cardioplegia versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia.
Quadriceps muscle properties in rheumatoid arthritis: insights about muscle morphology, activation and functional capacity
Authors: Blum Denise , Rodrigues Rodrigo , Geremia Jeam Marcel , Brenol Claiton Viegas , Vaz Marco Aurélio , Xavier Ricardo Machado 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory and chronic autoimmune disease that leads to muscle mass loss and functional capacity impairment, potentiated by physical inactivity. Despite evidences demonstrate neuromuscular impairments in RA patients, aging effects may have masked the results of similar previous studies. The aim of study was to verify (i) the effects of RA on functional capacity and muscle properties in middle-aged patients and (ii) the association between age, clinical characteristics, quadriceps muscle properties and functional capacity.

Methods
Thirty-five RA women and 35 healthy age-matched women were compared with the following outcomes: (i) physical activity level through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); (ii) timed-up and go (TUG) test; (iii) isometric knee extensor muscular strength; and (iv) vastus lateralis muscle activation and muscle architecture (muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length) during an isometric test. An independent Student t-test and partial correlation (controlled by physical activity levels) were performed, with p < 0.05.

Results
Compared with healthy women, RA presented (i) lower physical activity level (− 29.4%; p < 0.001); (ii) lower isometric knee extensor strength (− 20.5%; p < 0.001); (iii) lower TUG performance (− 21.7%; p < 0.001); (iv) smaller muscle thickness (− 23.3%; p < 0.001) and pennation angle (− 14.1%; p = 0.011). No differences were observed in muscle activation and fascicle length. Finally, the correlation demonstrated that, with exception of TUG, muscle strength and muscle morphology were not associated with age in RA, differently from healthy participants.

Conclusion
Middle-aged RA patients’ impairments occurred due to the disease independently of the aging process, except for functional capacity. Physical inactivity may have potentiated these losses.
Spatial analysis of completeness of death registration in Egypt
Authors: Lotfy Nesma 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems should be the primary source of routine mortality data. However, there is lack of information about the completeness of death registration at the sub-national level of Egypt. The current study was conducted to estimate the completeness of death registration at the national and sub-national levels of Egypt, to investigate the spatial patterns of the completeness, and to examine the factors that influence it.

Methods
Data from the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS, 2018) and Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2008, 2014) were used to estimate the completeness of death registration using an empirical method (random-effects models); hot spot analysis was conducted using Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi*; and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model has been also carried out.

Results
The study estimates show that Egypt has 96% completeness of death registration, and all governorates have completeness of more than 90% except for Beni-Suef, Menia, Aswan, Suhag, Luxor, ELWadi ELGidid, and South Sinai. According to sex, the death registration of females is slightly better than that of males (96.8% compared to 95.4%). Concerning residence, urban area has almost complete death registration compared to rural area (99.5% and 85.4%, respectively). Hot spot analysis shows that all hot spots are centered on the north of Egypt, while all cold spots are focused on the south. However, according to the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, poverty, illiteracy, and health office density are considered major factors for the completeness of death registration.

Conclusion
Although the completeness in Egypt is almost 100%, this analysis suggests that it may not be, and that it could be somewhat lower in some rural areas. However, there is uncertainty in the sub-national estimates because deaths are only reported by place of occurrence and not place of usual residence. Thus, efforts should focus on improving the quality of data of the vital registration system in some rural areas and in lower Egyptian governorates.
Generalized wclosed sets in biweak structure spaces
Authors: Abu-Donia H. M. , Hosny Rodyna A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a generalization of the classes of gwclosed (resp. gwopen, sgwclosed) sets in a weak structure space (X,w), the notions of ij-generalized wclosed (resp. ij-generalized wopen, ij-strongly generalized wclosed) sets in a biweak structure space (X,w1,w2) are introduced. In terms of these concepts, new forms of continuous function between biweak spaces are constructed. Additionally, the concepts of ij-wnormal, ij-gwnormal, ij-$wT_{\frac {1}{2}}$wT12, and ij-$w^{\sigma }T_{\frac {1}{2}}$wσT12 spaces are studied and several characterizations of them are acquired.
Segmental uncoverage ratio analysis of Crowe type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip via 3-dimensional implantation simulation
Authors: Dou Yiming , Xiao Jianlin , Wen Xinggui , Gao Jianpeng , Tian Hao , Zuo Jianlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo study the segmental uncoverage ratio (UCR) of a 44-mm cup model placed in a true acetabulum of Crowe type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip via 3-Dimensional (3D) implantation simulation.MethodsQualified CT imaging data of 26 patients (involving 30 hips) with Crowe type-IV DDH were imported into Mimics software for reconstruction. Then a 44-mm eggshell cup model was placed in a true acetabulum. First, total uncoverage ratio (TUCR) was measured. Then the virtual cup was divided into 4 segments according to the quadrant setting of the true acetabulum, i.e., anterior-superior (A-S) segment, anterior-inferior (A-I) segment, posterior-superior (P-S) segment and posterior-inferior (P-I) segment. The UCRs of the aforementioned segments were measured, i.e., anterior-superior uncoverage ratio (A-SUCR), anterior-inferior uncoverage ratio (A-IUCR), posterior-superior uncoverage ratio (P-SUCR) and posterior-inferior uncoverage ratio (P-IUCR). The acetabular height and anterior-posterior diameter on the 3-D model were also calculated. Statistic analyses were performed by using SPSS software package.ResultsTUCR was 0.2958 ± 0.1003 (95% [CI], 0.1020 to 0.5400) in this cohort of Crowe Type-IV hips. P-SUCR had the greatest value among all the segmental UCRs (0.1012 ± 0.0435, 95% confidence interval [CI],0.0152 to 0.1914) and the most significant positive correlation with TUCR (Pearson correlation = 0.889,p < 0.01. Linear regression R2 = 0.791). Similarly, P-IUCR and A-SUCR showed a significant positive correlation with TUCR. However, A-IUCR exhibited no correlation with either total or other segmental UCRs. P-SUCR was found to bear significant positive correlation with P-IUCR (pearson correlation = 0.644,p < 0.01. Linear regression R2 = 0.415). Acetabular height and A-P diameter were not correlated with TUCR.ConclusionImplantation of a 44-mm cup into Crowe type IV acetabulum is feasible and could achieve acceptable host bone coverage in most of the cases. P-SUCR contributed most to TUCR. TUCR had no linear relationship with the size of the host acetabulum, suggesting that the pre-operative plan should be individualized.
Effect of paternal age on treatment outcomes in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology for non-male factor infertility: a retrospective analysis of 809 cycles
Authors: Joseph Treasa , Karuppusami Reka , Karthikeyan Muthukumar , Kunjummen Aleyamma T. , Kamath Mohan S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, there is an increase in uptake of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. The impact of paternal age on ART outcomes is unclear. In view of the conflicting results reported by studies evaluating effect of paternal age on ART outcomes, we planned a study to investigate the impact of advanced paternal age in couples undergoing ART for non-male factor infertility. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a university-level teaching hospital in South India. All couples who underwent ART for non-male factor infertility were included. The couples were divided into two groups based on the age of the male partner. Group I included couples with male partner’s age less than 40 years, taken as reference group. Group II included couples with male partners age more than or equal to 40 years. The primary outcome was live birth rate. Secondary outcomes included clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, fertilization, embryo development, and blastulation rates.

Results
A total of 809 cycles were included for the study. Following exclusion of 39 cycles, 770 cycles were analyzed for outcomes. Group I comprised of 556 (72%) cycles and group II comprised of 214 (28%) cycles. There was no significant difference in live birth rate per embryo transfer between groups I and II (31.8% vs. 29.4%; odds ratio, OR, 0.89; 95% CI 0.63 to 1.26). After adjustment for potential confounders, the live birth rate did not differ significantly (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 1.10; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.65). The clinical pregnancy (39.4% vs. 36%; aOR 1.06; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.56) and the miscarriage rates (18.3% vs. 15.6%; aOR 0.73; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.66) were also similar between the two groups. There was significant decrease in the blastulation rate (36.8% vs. 32.1%; P 0.002) in the advanced paternal age group as compared to the reference group.

Conclusion
The current study suggests that in couples undergoing ART for non-male factor, there is no detrimental effect of increasing paternal age on treatment outcomes.
Impasse as a Figure of Political Space
Authors: Terada Rei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpatial figures of impasse appear when politics is in trouble, and preserve political expectation when its prospects are poor. They take their meaning from the assumption that the political order is synonymous with social reality—as though people could do nothing when political movement is blocked. Focusing on Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks and the critical reception of Hegel’s master-slave dialectic among other references, this essay argues that the model of impasse and breakthrough occludes politics’ narrowness as compared with other organizations of collective well-being. By seeming to preserve political potential, perceptions of impasse encourage people to accept political processes as the only social reality despite their violence, their limitation of reality, and their contempt for the agential resources of nonpolitical being.
“Ludicrous Anachronisms”
Authors: Hanson Lenora 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article proposes that eighteenth-century and Romantic-era accounts of dreams offer a useful model for understanding the phenomenon of enclosure, or what Marx famously labeled “so-called primitive accumulation.” Rather than a historical event or a set of particular laws, enclosure can be understood as a process by which gendered labor and criminalized mobility, two forms of what Marxist critics call “non-work,” became integral features of capital accumulation over the course of the Romantic period. This article pursues an analogy between what John Hunter defined as the “ludicrous anachronisms” of dreams and such forms of “non-work” as they appear in Mary Robinson’s 1791 poem “The Maniac.” Framed as an opium-induced dream that enables Robinson to share a psycho-physiological state akin to the wanderer “mad Jemmy,” Robinson forges relations between the poet and Jemmy that complicate any straightforward or sympathetic identification. Instead, her use of rhetorical indirection and inversion establishes analogies between the two through the effects of enclosure, highlighting the ambivalent ways in which subjects came to be indirectly related to one another through an historical inversion of their means of subsistence into conditions of vulnerability.
En passant
Authors: Mieszkowski Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This essay seeks to answer a deceptively simple question: what takes place when someone claims to be remarking on something “in passing”? The first part focuses on Heinrich von Kleist’s Michael Kohlhaas, where the politico-economic order is shaken by challenges to the discourse of passes, passports, and licenses. The protagonist struggles in his quest for justice, because he cannot win the right to pass from one place to the next until he has first won the right to pass from one verbal element to the next. The second part of the essay considers how Jacques Derrida’s attempt to break with the methodological paths of metaphysics leads him to articulate a conception of passing language. Discussing utterances made en passant, Derrida puts pressure on the distinction between essential and incidental remarks. Ultimately, he suggests that some of his own most memorable slogans, in particular “democracy to come,” gain their power from their conflicted status as both constant and mercurial, grave and frivolous, passing and impassing.
Pictures over words: a cross-sectional study reporting short term memory abilities in children
Authors: Rooha Aysha , Anil Malavika Anakkathil , Bhat Jayashree S. 
Published: May 2020

Background: An impressive amount of research has been conducted studying modality-specific Short Term Memory (STM) skills in children differing in the type of tasks used. In the present study, we aimed to profile the STM abilities based on modality, in typically developing children using a story-based assessment. Methods: The study followed a cross-sectional design and comprised of 80 participants between the ages of 6 years to 9 years 11 months. An animated story was shown to the children, following which a word recall task was performed. In this task, children were asked to recall the words mentioned in the story from a pictorial array. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in the overall recall abilities of children. The recall performance was strongly related to the modality of the presentation of words. A marginal difference was observed for the recall of auditory-visual words in comparison to recall of words in the auditory modality; wherein older children recalled better in comparison to younger children. The findings of the study could be attributed to the "visual superiority effect", "encoding specificity principle of memory" and "multimedia effect." Conclusion: STM abilities were observed to increase with age, with the existence of asynchrony in the auditory-visual and auditory recall scores indicating the firm reliance on the modality of presentation of word. The study implications emphasize on the use of visual stimuli for teaching new vocabularies, skills, and concepts in younger children. These findings also highlight the use of visual stimuli while assessing speech, language, and cognitive skills in younger children.
Metafory konceptualne: fenomeny umysłu czy konstrukty kognitywistyczne? Cz. II
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander 
Published: May 2020

CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS: PHENOMENA OF THE MIND OR COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTS? PART II
The author reviewed experimental studies of language metaphor, starting with the pioneer publication of Roman Jakobson from 1965. It has been shown that experimental studies confirm the postulates of G. Lakoff’s and M. Johnson’s cognitive theory of metaphor to varying degrees (more or less). The author also presents the results of a psycholinguistic experiment involving 280 respondents. The experiment based on the verbal-nominal constructions of the modern Polish language showed low consistency of answers, as well as the lack of arguments that the interpretation of metaphorical expressions (i.e. with the participation of polysemant) by respondents is not based on so-called conceptual metaphors.
O znaczeniu przymiotnika nieszczęsny we współczesnej polszczyźnie
Authors: Wołk Mariola 
Published: May 2020

ON THE MEANING OF THE ADJECTIVE NIESZCZĘSNY ‘LUCKLESS’ IN CONTEMPORARY POLISH
The aim of this paper is to perform a semantic analysis of the expression nieszczęsny ‘luckless’, which functions at the non-denotational level of language description. As a metatextual adjective, it is different both from the old expression of the same shape, and from contemporary adjectives which are often wrongly equated with it semantically, e.g. pechowy ‘unlucky’, żałosny ‘pitiful’, niefortunny ‘unfortunate’. The paper contains a survey of dictionary definitions of both homonymous units (i.e. the old and the contemporary adjective nieszczęsny), a characterization of the collocation of the expression nieszczęsny, as well as of words that are semantically associated with it (including the adjective nieszczęśliwy ‘unhappy’). Moreover, the article discusses problems which directly affect the findings regarding the semantic specificity of nieszczęsny (the issue of the subject of predication, the question of reference). It concludes with a proposal of explication of the meaning of the analysed unit.
Funkcje wyrazów o postaci jak by w nieoficjalnych i oficjalnych wypowiedziach mówionych. Na podstawie badań korpusowych
Authors: Majewska-Tworek Anna , Zaśko-Zielińska Monika 
Published: May 2020

FUNCTIONS OF WORDS OF THE JAKBY-TYPE IN UNOFFICIAL AND OFFICIAL SPOKEN UTTERANCES: BASED ON CORPUS ANALYSIS
The goal of the paper is to describe the function of words of the jakby-type in unofficial and official utterances, compared to their lexicographic descriptions. The analysis has been based on transcripts of oral examination interviews, and unofficial conversations. It revealed the differences in the functional load of words of the jakby-type in these two types of conversations.