bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relieving the Photosensitivity of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Liu Jie , Jiang Longfeng , Shi Jia , Li Chunlei , Shi Yanjun , Tan Jiahui , Li Haiyang , Jiang Hui , Hu Yuanyuan , Liu Xinfeng , Yu Junsheng , Wei Zhongming , Jiang Lang , Hu Wenping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is generally believed that the photoresponse behavior of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) reflects the intrinsic property of organic semiconductors. However, this photoresponse hinders the application of OFETs in transparent displays as driven circuits due to the current instability resulting from the threshold voltage shift under light illumination. It is necessary to relieve the photosensitivity of OFETs to keep the devices stable. 2,6‐diphenyl anthracene thin‐film and single‐crystal OFETs are fabricated on different substrates, and it is found that the degree of molecular order in the conducting channels and the defects at the dielectric/semiconductor interface play important roles in determining the phototransistor performance. When highly ordered single‐crystal OFETs are fabricated on polymeric substrates with low defects, the photosensitivity (P) decreases by more than 105 times and the threshold voltage shift (ΔVT) is almost eliminated compared with the corresponding thin‐film OFETs. This phenomenon is further verified by using another three organic semiconductors for similar characterizations. The decreased P and ΔVT of OFETs ensure a good current stability for OFETs to drive organic light‐emitting diodes efficiently, which is essential to the application of OFETs in flexible and transparent displays.
Customizing the Polarity of Single‐Walled Carbon‐Nanotube Field‐Effect Transistors Using Solution‐Based Additives
Authors: Salazar‐Rios Jorge Mario , Sengrian Aprizal Akbar , Talsma Wytse , Duim Herman , Abdu‐Aguye Mustapha , Jung Stefan , Fröhlich Nils , Allard Sybille , Scherf Ullrich , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolarity control in semiconducting single‐walled carbon‐nanotube field‐effect transistors (s‐SWNT FETs) is important to promote their application in logic devices. The methods to turn the intrinsically ambipolar s‐SWNT FETs into unipolar devices that have been proposed until now require extra fabrication steps that make preparation longer and more complex. It is demonstrated that by starting from a highly purified ink of semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes sorted by a conjugated polymer, and mixing them with additives, it is possible to achieve unipolar charge transport. The three additives used are benzyl viologen (BV), 4‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N,N‐dimethylbenzenamine (N‐DMBI), which give rise to n‐type field‐effect transistors, and 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ) which gives rise to p‐type transistors. BV and N‐DMBI transform the s‐SWNTs transistors from ambipolar with mobility of the order of 0.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 to n‐type with mobility up to 5 cm2 V−1 s−1. F4‐TCNQ transform the ambipolar transistors in p‐type with mobility up to 16 cm2 V−1 s−1.
2D Metal Zn Nanostructure Electrodes for High‐Performance Zn Ion Supercapacitors
Authors: An Geon‐Hyoung , Hong John , Pak Sangyeon , Cho Yuljae , Lee Sanghyo , Hou Bo , Cha SeungNam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent supercapacitors show a high power density with long‐term cycle life time in energy‐powering applications. A supercapacitor based on a single metal electrode accompanying multivalent cations, multiple charging/discharging kinetics, and high electrical conductivity is a promising energy‐storing system that replaces conventionally used oxide and sulfide materials. Here, a hierarchically nanostructured 2D‐Zn metal electrode‐ion supercapacitor (ZIC) is reported which significantly enhances the ion diffusion ability and overall energy storage performance. Those nanostructures can also be successfully plated on various flat‐type and fiber‐type current collectors by a controlled electroplating method. The ZIC exhibits excellent pseudocapacitive performance with a high energy density of 208 W h kg−1 and a power density from 500 W kg−1, which are significantly higher than those of previously reported supercapacitors with oxide and sulfide materials. Furthermore, the fiber‐type ZIC also shows high energy‐storing performance, outstanding mechanical flexibility, and waterproof characteristics, without any significant capacitance degradation during bending tests. These results highlight the promising possibility of nanostructured 2D Zn metal electrodes with the controlled electroplating method for future energy storage applications.
SrTiO3/Al2O3‐Graphene Electron Transport Layer for Highly Stable and Efficient Composites‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with 20.6% Efficiency
Authors: Mahmoudi Tahmineh , Wang Yousheng , Hahn Yoon‐Bong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor practical use of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) the instability issues of devices, attributed to degradation of perovskite molecules by moisture, ions migration, and thermal‐ and light‐instability, have to be solved. Herein, highly efficient and stable PSCs based on perovskite/Ag‐reduced graphene oxide (Ag‐rGO) and mesoporous Al2O3/graphene (mp‐AG) composites are reported. The mp‐AG composite is conductive with one‐order of magnitude higher mobility than mp‐TiO2 and used for electron transport layer (ETL). Compared to the mp‐TiO2 ETL based cells, the champion device based on perovskite/Ag‐rGO and SrTiO3/mp‐AG composites shows overall a best performance (i.e., VOC = 1.057 V, JSC = 25.75 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) = 75.63%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 20.58%). More importantly, the champion device without encapsulation exhibits not only remarkable thermal‐ and photostability but also long‐term stability, retaining 97–99% of the initial values of photovoltaic parameters and sustaining ≈93% of initial PCE over 300 d under ambient conditions.
An Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Exhibiting Electrical Conduction and Single‐Ion Magnetism
Authors: Shen Yongbing , Cosquer Goulven , Ito Hiroshi , Izuogu David C. , Thom Alex J. W. , Ina Toshiaki , Uruga Tomoya , Yoshida Takefumi , Takaishi Shinya , Breedlove Brian K. , Li Zhao‐Yang , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe first three‐dimensional (3D) conductive single‐ion magnet (SIM), (TTF)2[Co(pdms)2] (TTF=tetrathiafulvalene and H2pdms=1,2‐bis(methanesulfonamido)benzene), was electrochemically synthesised and investigated structurally, physically, and theoretically. The similar oxidation potentials of neutral TTF and the molecular precursor [HNEt3]2[M(pdms)2] (M=Co, Zn) allow for multiple charge transfers (CTs) between the SIM donor [M(pdms)2]n− and the TTF.+ acceptor, as well as an intradonor CT from the pdms ligand to Co ion upon electrocrystallisation. Usually TTF functions as a donor, whereas in our system TTF is both a donor and an accepter because of the similar oxidation potentials. Furthermore, the [M(pdms)2]n− donor and TTF.+ acceptor are not segregated but strongly interact with each other, contrary to reported layered donor–acceptor electrical conductors. The strong intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, combined with CT, allow for relatively high electrical conductivity even down to very low temperatures. Furthermore, SIM behaviour with slow magnetic relaxation and opening of hysteresis loops was observed. (TTF)2[Co(pdms)2] (2‐Co) is an excellent building block for preparing new conductive SIMs.
Synthesis and Target Identification of Benzoxepane Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Neuroinflammatory Agents for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gao Cheng‐Long , Hou Gui‐Ge , Liu Jin , Ru Tong , Xu Ya‐Zhou , Zhao Shun‐Yi , Ye Hui , Zhang Lu‐Yong , Chen Kai‐Xian , Guo Yue‐Wei , Pang Tao , Li Xu‐Wen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBenzoxepane derivatives were designed and synthesized, and one hit compound emerged as being effective in vitro with low toxicity. In vivo, this hit compound ameliorated both sickness behavior through anti‐inflammation in LPS‐induced neuroinflammatory mice model and cerebral ischemic injury through anti‐neuroinflammation in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Target fishing for the hit compound using photoaffinity probes led to identification of PKM2 as the target protein responsible for anti‐inflammatory effect of the hit compound. Furthermore, the hit exhibited an anti‐neuroinflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PKM2‐mediated glycolysis and NLRP3 activation, indicating PKM2 as a novel target for neuroinflammation and its related brain disorders. This hit compound has a better safety profile compared to shikonin, a reported PKM2 inhibitor, identifying it as a lead compound in targeting PKM2 for the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Thianthrenation of Olefins To Access Versatile Alkenyl Electrophiles
Authors: Chen Junting , Li Jiakun , Plutschack Matthew B. , Berger Florian , Ritter Tobias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a regioselective alkenyl electrophile synthesis from unactivated olefins that is based on a direct and regioselective C−H thianthrenation reaction. The selectivity is proposed to arise from an unusual inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction. The alkenyl sulfonium salts can serve as electrophiles in palladium‐ and ruthenium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions to make alkenyl C−C, C−Cl, C−Br, and C−SCF3 bonds with stereoretention.
Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles‐decorated SCF on mechanical and tribological properties of cenosphere/SCF/PEEK composites
Authors: Liu Houbao , Su Xinqing , Tao Jie , Fu Renli , You Chaoqun , Chen Xudong 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTA silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles‐decorated short carbon fiber (SCF) hybrid (SCF‐SiO2) was designed to improve the weak interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix. Nano‐SiO2 was grafted onto carbon fibers by introducing amino group and epoxy group on the surface of carbon fibers and SiO2, respectively. The chemical composition of SCF‐SiO2 was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and energy‐dispersive spectrometry, the microstructure of SCF‐SiO2 were investigated by scanning electron microscope, and then the hybrid filler was introduced into Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). Due to the strong interfacial interaction between filler and matrix, the mechanical and tribological properties of SCF‐SiO2/PEEK composites were significantly better than SCF/PEEK composites. In order to further improve the tribological properties of the composites, micrometer‐sized cenosphere (CS) particles were introduced into the aforementioned system to prepare multicomponent composites. The test results of friction and wear indicate that the CS/SCF‐SiO2/PEEK composites have the optimal tribological properties. Compared with pure PEEK, the friction coefficient of CS/SCF‐SiO2/PEEK composites under 200 N load decreases by 56.4% and the specific wear rate decreases by 87.4%. Meanwhile, the thermal decomposition temperature of CS/SCF‐SiO2/PEEK composites is increased by 40 °C compared to pure PEEK. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48749.
Three Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Frameworks Based on an Ether‐Decorated Polycarboxylic Acid Linker: Luminescence Modulation, CO2 Capture and Conversion Properties
Authors: Ma Li‐Na , Liu Yang , Li Yong‐Zhi , Hu Qi‐Xuan , Hou Lei , Wang Yao‐Yu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThree new isostructural 3D lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs), {H[LnL(H2O)]⋅2 H2O}n (1‐Ln) (Ln=Eu3+, Gd3+ and Tb3+), based on infinite lanthanide‐carboxylate chains were constructed by employing an ether‐separated 5,5′‐oxydiisophthalic acid (H4L) ligand under solvothermal reaction. 1‐Eu and 1‐Tb exhibit strong red and green emission, respectively, through the antenna effect, as demonstrated through a combination of calculation and experimental results. Moreover, a series of dichromatic doped 1‐EuxTby MOFs were fabricated by introducing different concentrations of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions, and they display an unusual variation of luminescent colors from green, yellow, orange to red. 1‐Eu with channels decorated by ether O atoms and the open metal sites displays good performance for CO2 capture and conversion between CO2 and epoxides into cyclic carbonates.
The autonomic nervous system and the brainstem: A fundamental role or the background actors for consciousness generation? Hypothesis, evidence, and future directions for rehabilitation and theoretical approaches
Authors: Sattin Davide , Leonardi Matilde , Picozzi Mario 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionOne of the hardest challenges of the third century is to develop theories that could joint different results for a global explanation of human consciousness. Some important theories have been proposed, trying to explain the emergence of consciousness as the result of different progressive changes in the elaboration of information during brain processing, giving particular attention to the thalamocortical system.MethodsIn this article, a summary review of results that highlighted as cerebral cortex could not be so fundamental for consciousness generation is proposed. In detail, three topics were analyzed: (a) studies using experimental approach (manipulating stimuli or brain areas), such as decorticated animals or subliminal presentation of stimuli; (b) studies using anatomo‐clinical method (conscious inferenced from observed behaviors); and (c) data from neurostimulation of subcortical areas or of the autonomic nervous system.ResultsWe sketch two speculative hypothesis relative, firstly, to the possible independence from cortical areas of the on/off mechanism for consciousness generation and, secondly, to the possible role of information variability generated by the bottom‐up exchange of information among neural systems as a switch for consciousness.ConclusionsA broad range of evidence regarding the functional role of the brainstem and autonomic nervous system is reviewed for its bearing on a future hypothesis regarding the generation of consciousness experience.
Robotic system education for young children by collaborative‐project‐based learning
Authors: Jawaid Iqra , Javed Muhammad Yaqoob , Jaffery Mujtaba H. , Akram Aftab , Safder Umair , Hassan Sarmad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the fusion of project‐based learning (PBL) and collaborative learning (CL) cohesively, coordinated with sensors and Bluetooth advancements, open‐source programming, and open‐source equipment devices, in a specific microcontroller and installed frameworks designing apply autonomy course for the elementary learners. The major purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of integrating PBL and CL. The course creates capacities and abilities in critical thinking, problem‐solving, independent learning, collaboration, and specialized technical information. Since PBL alone does not guarantee profoundly talented cooperation, it was supplemented with CL. This structure coordinated course substance and understudy pragmatic accomplishment in a reenacted learning environment. The understudies built a line following and Bluetooth‐controlled robots by actualizing control programming on the “Arduino” open‐source platform, just as utilizing remote interchanges as Arduino offers an instinctive advancement condition and different equipment and programming resources that permit quick improvement of microcontroller‐based ventures. The basic findings of this study work reveal that teaching, learning, and student assessment processes can be improved by using PBL when integrated with CL. The research successfully extends onto another group of learners for preparing similar gadgets under different timelines. In addition, this paper also discusses upon the problem identification, selection of the equipment, circuit design, hardware mounting, and critical analysis of the results acquired from the course through the personal learning experience of the teachers as well as in the form of feedback from the two groups of young learners.
Two‐factor risk preference for investment market and credit card risk
Authors: Payne Patrick , Asebedo Sarah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study proposes a new “two‐factor” risk preference metric and assesses its effectiveness in predicting financial satisfaction under two risk domains: investment market risk and credit card risk. The factors in our two‐factor assessment are risk tolerance and financial self‐efficacy (FSE), both of which have other theoretical and empirical support as measures of risk attitudes. We explore a range of specifications for the two‐factor risk preference (TRP) metric and find it to be effective in predicting financial satisfaction under uncertainty. Within the TRP framework, FSE emerged as a robust predictor of the financial satisfaction of credit card users regardless of respondents' risk tolerance level; similar results were found for investment market equity owners. Overall, this study presents evidence that suggests risk tolerance and FSE capture different aspects of risk attitudes and are more effective at predicting financial satisfaction together than either one alone. Results suggest that financial planners can more accurately predict client emotional responses to risky situations by assessing client FSE and risk tolerance levels, with FSE effects dominating risk tolerance effects in most cases. Financial planners can then improve client service by using the assessment results as a basis for investment portfolio allocation and credit market participation recommendations.
Research on block storage yard scheduling according to grid method
Authors: Zhou Hong‐gen , Wang Zhen , Liu Jin‐feng , Tian Gui‐zhong , Jing Xu‐wen , Li Lei 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn order to solve the problems of low utilization of the shipyard unreasonable placed of the blocks and unbalanced use of flat transporters, grid search algorithm for block storage yard scheduling is proposed. Firstly, the information of block storage yard and each block are described by the method of bitmap; secondly, the blocks access sequence, stacking principles of the blocks, and the principles of flat transporters are developed based on heuristic rules and shape differences of the blocks; finally, the grid search algorithm is proposed for the scheduling of shipyard's plan. It has been demonstrated in some shipyard; the results show that the utilization rate of the yard space and the efficiency of block storage yard scheduling have been improved greatly, and the situation of manpower and material resources waste have been decreased fully.
Machine Learning techniques in muliclass problems with application in sensorial analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Lilian M. , de Menezes Fortunato S. , Cirillo Marcelo A. , Saúde André V. , Borém Flávio M. , Liska Gilberto R. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAutomatic classification methods have been developed in the area of Machine Learning to facilitate the categorization of data. Among the most successful methods are Boosting and Bagging. While Bagging works by combining fit classifiers into the bootstrap samples, Boosting works by sequentially applying a sorting algorithm to reweigh versions of the training dataset, giving more weight to the erroneously classified observations in the previous step. These classifiers are characterized by satisfactory results, low computational cost, and simplicity of implementation. Given these characteristics, there is an interest in verifying the performance of these automatic methods compared to the classical methods of classification in Statistics such as Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. To compare these techniques, we have used the classification error rates of the models to improve the confidence in the use of Boosting and Bagging methods in more complex classification problem. This study applies these techniques to real and simulated data that have been composed of more than two categories in the response variable. This investigation stimulates the implementation of Boosting and Bagging, by assigning an application in Sensory Analysis. We have concluded that the automatic methods have an optimal classification performance, showing lower error rates compared to the Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis in the tested applications.
Two‐Step 3 D‐Printing Approach toward Sustainable, Repairable, Fluorescent Shape‐Memory Thermosets Derived from Cellulose and Rosin
Authors: Lu Chuanwei , Wang Chunpeng , Yu Juan , Wang Jifu , Chu Fuxiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEfficiently converting biomass into multifunctional polymerized materials is a challenge to effect high‐valued utilization of biomass resources. A two‐step 3 D‐printing approach has been developed to fabricate a class of robust, fluorescent shape‐memory thermosets from cellulose and rosin‐based photosensitive 3 D‐printing resin solution. The stereolithography 3 D printing was first performed to form the first crosslinked network by UV‐induced chain‐growth polymerization, which fixed the shape of thermoset. Subsequently, isocyanate was applied to react with hydroxy in the monomer to form the second crosslinked network by thermally induced step‐growth polymerization. The formation of a dual‐cure network, leading to phase separation and increased crosslinking density, could greatly improve the mechanical and thermal properties of 3 D‐printed thermosets and endow them with thermally triggered shape‐memory properties and excellent repairability. The 3 D‐printed thermosets are found to have strong luminescence resulting from aggregation‐induced emission originating from rosin. In addition, these 3 D‐printed thermosets could degrade in the presence of NaOH aqueous solution and in situ achieved a range of flexible conductive hydrogels that have important potential application in the flexible electronic materials and smart photoelectric materials.
Two‐Dimensional (2D) Covalent Organic Framework as Efficient Cathode for Binder‐free Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Yao Chang‐Jiang , Wu Zhenzhen , Xie Jian , Yu Fei , Guo Wei , Xu Zhichuan J. , Li Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Shanqing , Zhang Qichun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSearching new organic cathode materials to address the issues of poor cycle stability and low capacity in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is very important and highly desirable. In this research, a 2D boroxine‐linked chemically‐active pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO) covalent organic framework (2D PPTODB COFs) was synthesized as an organic cathode material with remarkable electrochemical properties, including high electrochemical activity (four redox electrons), safe oxidation potential window (between 2.3 and 3.08 V vs. Li/Li+), superb structural/chemical stability, and strong adhesiveness. A binder‐free cathode was obtained by mixing 70 wt % PPTODB and 30 wt % carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a conductive additive. Promoted by the fast kinetics of electrons/ions, high electrochemical activity, and effective π–π interaction between PPTODB and CNTs, LIBs with the as‐prepared cathode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance: a high specific capacity of 198 mAh g−1, a superb rate ability (the capacity at 1000 mA g−1can reach 76 % of the corresponding value at 100 mA g−1), and a stable coulombic efficiency (≈99.6 % at the 150th cycle). This work suggests that the concept of binder‐free 2D electroactive materials could be a promising strategy to approach energy storage with high energy density.