bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hardness and corrosion properties of functionally graded AA5083/Al2O3 composites produced by powder metallurgy method
Authors: Karacif Kubilay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, hardness and corrosion properties of alumina reinforced AA5083 aluminum alloy based functionally graded materials were investigated. The powder metallurgy method was used in functionally graded materials production and the samples were produced in 3, 4 and 6 layers. Vickers hardness tests and potentiodynamic corrosion tests were conducted on the samples of the produced functionally graded materials. It was seen that there was an increase in hardness values with increasing alumina reinforcement ratio in layers of functionally graded materials. According to corrosion test results, there was a small decrease in the corrosion rate of the materials with increasing number of layers in the functionally graded materials. Corrosion effect was found to be higher in layers with high alumina reinforcement.
Directed-Energy Deposition Processes
Authors: Martukanitz Richard P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article presents a detailed account of directed-energy deposition (DED) processes that are used for additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic materials. It begins with a process overview and a description of the components of DED systems followed by sections providing information on the process involved in DED and the materials used for DED. The postprocessing applied to the material after deposition is then covered. The article discusses the properties of metallic materials produced by using DED and ends with a discussion on applications for DED processes in various industries.
Material Jetting of Polymers
Authors: Williams Christopher B. , Bezek Lindsey B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Material jetting (MJ) is a classification of additive manufacturing processes that involves the selective jetting and subsequent solidification of liquid droplets onto a substrate in a layerwise manner. This article focuses solely on MJ of polymers, providing a process overview and describing the functional characteristics that distinguish it from other AM technologies. It provides information on the properties and design considerations of both build and support materials. Process-related effects on final part properties and overall quality, as well as corresponding design considerations are also covered. The article also discusses the applications and future scope of polymer MJ systems.
Hot Isostatic Pressing for Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ahlfors Magnus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is widely used within the additive manufacturing (AM) industry to improve material performance and ensure quality. This article is a detailed account of the HIP process, providing information on its equipment set up and discussing the applications, economics, and advantages of the process. The discussion also covers the use of HIP for additively manufactured material to eliminate internal defects, the HIP parameters required to eliminate internal defects, and the influence of HIP on the microstructure and properties of HIP additively manufactured material.
Vat Polymerization
Authors: Smith Don 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Vat polymerization (VP) is an additive manufacturing (AM), or three-dimensional (3-D) printing process in which 3-D objects are produced by hardening a liquid polymer into the desired shape. With the introduction of new materials and improvements in material properties, VP offers a good alternative for AM for low-volume production. This overview of the VP process begins with an introduction to two main processes of VP, namely stereolithography apparatus and digital light processing, and then moves on to discuss the characteristics of the feedstocks used as well as their selection criteria. The article then covers safety issues associated with feedstock handling and the manufacturing constraints related to part orientation and design, providing some key tips for VP support structures. This is followed by a discussion on postprocessing/finishing of VP parts. A brief concluding section considers some special topics related to AM process.
Ultrasonic and Thermal Metal Embedding for Polymer Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Santiago Carolyn Carradero , MacDonald Eric , Coronel Jose , Kelly Dominic , Wicker Ryan , Espalin David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the implementation of wire embedding with ultrasonic energy and thermal embedding for polymer additive manufacturing, discussing the applications and advantages of the technique. The mechanical and electrical performance of the embedded wires is compared with that of other conductive ink processes in terms of electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.
Directed-Energy Deposition for Ceramic Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Niu Fangyong , Yan Shuai , Ma Guangyi , Wu Dongjiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Directed-energy deposition (DED) is a kind of additive manufacturing (AM) technology based on synchronous powder feeding or wire feeding. This article provides a comprehensive coverage of DED for ceramic AM, beginning with an overview of DED equipment setup, followed by a discussion on DED materials and the DED deposition process. The bulk of the article is devoted to the discussion on the microstructure and properties of oxide ceramics, namely alumina and zirconia ceramics.
Vacuum Heat Treating Additively Manufactured Parts
Authors: Osterman Virginia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on various vacuum heat treating processes for additively manufactured parts, namely annealing and stress relieving, solid-solution annealing, and solution treating and aging. It addresses several practical concerns involved in using vacuum heat treatment, including temperature measurement, unvented cavities, loose powder, and direct contact of metals in the high-temperature vacuum. The article provides a short discussion on sintering and evaporation of metals in vacuum furnaces.
Metal Powder Production and Powder Size and Shape Distribution
Authors: Snow Zack 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the general methods of metal powder production. It details the primary methods for particle sizing used in additive manufacturing: sieving, laser diffraction and scattering, and digital image analysis. Methods of interpreting and understanding particle size distribution (PSD) data are presented, with an emphasis on the differences between count- and volume-based PSDs. The article then outlines practices for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of particle morphology.
Binder Jetting and Sintering in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Elliott Amy , Cramer Corson 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on binder-jetting technologies in additive manufacturing (AM) that produce metal artifacts either directly or indirectly. The intent is to focus on the most strategic and widespread uses of the binder jetting technology and review some of the challenges and opportunities for that technology. The discussion includes a historical overview and covers the major steps involved and the advantages of using the binder jetting process. The major steps of the process covered include printing, curing, de-powdering, and sintering.
Modeling Thermomechanical Effects on Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Denlinger E.R. , Michaleris P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article provides a detailed overview of the thermomechanical modeling of additive manufacturing (AM) process. It begins with information on a basic understanding of the formation of residual stress during AM processing followed by a discussion on models commonly applied in AM modeling, such as heat-input models, material models, and material activation models. Information on experimental setup for validation and simulation of directed-energy deposition model is then included. The article also provides information on moving-source and part-scale analyses to simulate the laser powder-bed fusion AM process.
Additive Manufacturing of Copper and Copper Alloys
Authors: Horn Timothy J. , Gamzina Diana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article is a detailed account of additive manufacturing (AM) processes for copper and copper alloys such as copper-chromium alloys, GRCop, oxide-dispersion-strengthened copper, copper-nickel alloys, copper-tin alloys, copper-zinc alloys, and copper-base shape memory alloys. The AM processes include binder jetting, ultrasonic additive manufacturing, directed-energy deposition, laser powder-bed fusion, and electron beam powder-bed fusion. The article presents a review of the literature and state of the art for copper alloy AM and features data on AM processes and industrial practices, copper alloys used, selected applications, material properties, and where applicable, compares these data and properties to traditionally processed materials. The data presented and the surrounding discussion focus on bulk metallurgical processing of copper components. The discussion covers the composition and performance criteria for copper alloys that have been reported for AM and discusses key differences in process-structure-property relationships compared to conventionally processed material. The article also provides information on feedstock considerations for copper powder handling.
Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Prawel David A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Material extrusion systems are the most common types of additive manufacturing systems, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printers. This article focuses on the general 3D printing processes as can be demonstrated and manipulated in desktop printers. The discussion includes details of the components involved in material extrusion as well as the melt extrusion solidification (during cooling) process, the underlying mechanism of road bonding, and the factors affecting good part quality. The discussion also covers support material, postprocessing, and road-quality considerations and the addition of infill in melt extrusion to the hollow spaces inside an object to give it structural strength. Information is also provided on different materials and associated material properties that affect the rate the printer is able to advance and retract material, thereby affecting the quality and rate at which a part is printed. The final section provides information on the mechanism of viscous extrusion 3D printing.
Content of basil essential oil on a loam texture soil under water regimes and different harvest stages
Authors: Victor Ribeiro da Silva de Souza João , Antonio Liodorio dos Santos Marcos , Marcia Pereira Sartori Maria , E Simon James , Rodolfo Juliani Hector , Carlos Cury Saad João 
Published: August 2020

The essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) has high economic value and is produced in the plant by secondary metabolism. Its quantity and composition tend to vary as a response of the plant to stress situations due to changes in the environment and phenological phase. This work aimed to evaluate the development, the chemical composition, content, and the yield of essential oil of basil rich in Linalool, as a function of the soil water tensions and the harvest stages, in a loam texture soil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and consisted of three harvest times (BF - beginning of flowering, FF - full flowering, and EF - end of flowering) and five values of soil water tension to define when to irrigate (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kPa), totalizing 15 treatments. The irrigation in the soil water tension of 60 kPa generated a reduction in the content and the yield of essential oils compared with 20 kPa, only in the FF harvest stage. However, it did not modify the composition of the essential oil. Regardless of the soil water tension to define irrigation, the highest levels and yields of essential oil were found in the EF harvest stage. Harvest stages did not change the composition of the essential oil or the content of Linalool. In turn, the contents of the components Cineol, Camphor, ∝-Terpeneol, and Isobornyl acetate increased with the harvesting period from BF to EF. Eugenol had the opposite trend, reducing the content from BF to EF. Linalool, a component in greater proportion in essential oil, showed a higher content in soil water tensions up to 50 kPa, decreasing only by 60 kPa. In loam textured soils, it is recommended that basil producers, who aim to extract Linalool, irrigate when the soil water tension reaches up to 50 kPa, with the harvest at any stage of flowering.
Satisfaction of Individuals with Physical Disabilities Regarding the Use of Assistive Technologies
Authors: De Cesaro Daiane , Francisco Vanesio Mateus , Chesani Fabiola Hermes , Nunes Bossardi Carina 
Published: August 2020

Background: The individual's personality and social factors influence a person's desire or ability to use assistive technology devices. Therefore, these components contribute to a positive or negative influence on the use of assistive technology and on the degree of satisfaction with the use.Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate levels of satisfaction of individuals with physical disabilities with their prescribed piece of assistive technology. Methods: A quantitative questionnaire survey using The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology 2.0. Data collect took place from August 2018 to April 2019, in the Physiotherapy Clinic of a Community University, in the Specialized Center for Physical and Intellectual Rehabilitation II and in the support networks for individuals with disabilities, such as: Roda Solta, Association for Supporting Families of Impaired People, Association of Disabled People and athletes of the women's Paralympic Handball Championship. Results: Fifty-six individuals with physical disabilities between 20 and 80 years old participated in the research, 27 women (48.2%) and 29 men (51.8%).The results suggested that individuals are quite satisfied with their piece of assistive technology M=3.56(SD=1.09) and more or less satisfied with the professional services provided M=3.28 (SD=1.34). Among the 12 items considered most important by the participants, durability of the resource (54%) prevailed, followed by comfort (28%) and safety (24%).Conclusions: The dissatisfaction of individuals with physical disabilities was evident both in issues related to the resource and in the area related to the professional services, in relation to the resources. It needs to be adapted to the user’s needs, always aiming to improve health condition and quality of life.
Etiological Factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Manuel Ojea , Nuria Diéguez , María D. Dapía 
Published: August 2020

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have multifactorial etiology, combined by different factors, both genetic, psychological and environmental; however, it´s necessary sharply discriminate those significant factors or components, regarding elaborate an early action protocol for diagnostic processes and subsequent intervention guidelines, which co A total of 192 participants with ASD of three intensity levels (American Psychiatric Association -APA-, 2013) have collaborated in this study. ASD diagnostic shape the discrimination´ aim to 18 independent variables, considered, a priori, potentially influential over diagnostic intrinsic process.
Results of discriminant analysis include two axes it delimits the two main functions, represented by two variables: "karyotype" (Wilks´ Lambda statistic= .88) and "diagnosis" (Wilks´ Lambda statistic= .83). Both variables are complemented along structure matrix of discriminant analysis with variable "gene" for first function ("karyotype") and variable "age" to second function ("diagnosis" + "karyotype").
These allow defining the general characteristics to establish an effective action protocol for the specific diagnosis, which constitutes the general aim of this empirical research.
Analysis of kefir information propagated in digital media
Authors: Manara Luana Carolina , Saulino Fagundes Janaína Aparecida , Mendes Camargo Daniele Flaviane , Alves Caram Ana Lúcia , Mazalli Mônica Roberta , Kamimura Eliana Setsuko , Maldonado Rafael Resende 
Published: August 2020

The amount of available information in the media grows continuously and, frequently, it does not have a basis in the scientific literature. In the area of ​​food and nutrition, the contents are available on social media profiles, websites and blogs, which usually appoint some foods as “superfoods” – able of curing diseases or inhibiting their development – or, on the other hand, classifying other foods as the cause of damage to health. Kefir-based products can be classified in the first category, being considered a “superfood” by the media. Thus, the aim of this study is to search for information about kefir in digital media and to evaluate such information based on scientific articles. The contents were collected from 50 websites or blogs, using Google as a search tool. The data obtained were divided into 25 positive categories and 5 negative categories. One made a comparison with the scientific literature. Analyzing the information about kefir, the majority has a scientific basis, however, digital media put the research data in a superficial way, without clear information to readers.
Method as a Creative Instrument for Researching on the Formation of the Teacher Trainer of Teachers (Mathematics)
Authors: Fontana Deise Leandra , Guérios Ettiène Cordeiro 
Published: August 2020

This text derives from a doctoral research that investigates the aspects of education of the teacher trainer who instructs mathematics teachers. It has as main theoretical reference Gaston Pineau and Edgar Morin. The general goal of this work is to present moments of an investigative process that has as its area of study the formation of the teacher trainer who instructs mathematics teachers. The methodological assumptions include building blocks of eco-systemic and complex thoughts. The method adopted is relational between Oral History and Grounded Theory. The method unveils possible dimensions in the formation of the teacher trainer in a qualitative research. The results of this study can help to understand the nature of dimensions of the teacher trainers´ formation, which are based on their experiences with themselves, with others and with the environment. Thus, it includes a new approach to temporalities in the formation of the teacher trainer, from the insertion of the principles of complex thoughts.
A genom összerakás elmélete és alkalmazása a gímszarvas genom projektben
Authors: Bana Ágnes Nóra 
Published: August 2020

Az élőlények teljes örökítő anyagát a genomi DNS adja, amelynek leolvasása különböző szekvenálási módszerekkel történik. A kutatók régen erre a célra klón alapú módszereket használtak, azonban napjainkban az első, a második (új-generációs szekvenálás, next-generation sequencing, NGS) és a harmadik generációs szekvenálásokat részesítik előnyben. A legelterjedtebb, új generációs szekvenálással egy emlős teljes DNS-e néhány óra alatt leolvasható, ám a leolvasott szekvenciák, a readek, csupán néhány száz bázispárt tesznek ki. A readeket bioinformatikai programok segítségével illesztik össze, a teljes, eredeti DNS-nek megfelelően. Az összeilleszkedő readekből először contigok, vagyis összefüggő, kontinuus szekvenciák, a contigokból pedig hézagokat (gap) tartalmazó, hosszabb szekvenciavázak, scaffoldok hozhatók létre. A legjelentősebb haszonállatok rendelkeznek legalább scaffold szintű, online elérhető genom összerakásokkal (assembly). A legteljesebb genom assemblyk pszeudokromoszómákból állnak. Ideális esetben a pszeudokromoszómák a valós kromoszómák teljes dns szekveciáját jelentik. A pszeudokromoszómák létrehozásánál a scaffoldokat az élőlény genetikai markerekkel meghatározott fizikai géntérképéhez igazítják. A kettős referencia vezérelt illesztésnél a scaffoldokat egy közel rokon faj genomjával és az élőlény saját géntérképével is összevetik. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a genetikai térkép és a valós kromoszóma kolinearitási törvényét követve, valamint a rokon fajok génsorrendjei/géntérképei között tapasztalt szinténiák/egyezések segítségével a scaffoldokat sorba rendezik. Ezt az eljárást a teljesen újonnan készülő genomok esetén érdemes használni. Az elkészült referencia genomon a gének és más genomi struktúrák helyét, szerkezetét, funkcióját az annotációs folyamat jelöli ki. Az annotált referencia genomok sokrétűen használhatók az állattenyésztésben, a vadgazdálkodásban, a populáció genetikai felmérésekben, vagy a forenzikus vizsgálatokban vad és a természetvédelemben.
Pengaruh Panjang, Bentuk, dan Jenis Batang pada Metode Pengapungan Batang dalam Mendeteksi Waktu Pemisahan Kerosin dan Air
Authors: Tambun Rondang , Silaen Albert Novian , Banjarnahor Indra Jaya , Mulia Rambe Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to apply the Buoyancy Weighing-Bar Method in detecting the best separation time for emulsions consisting of two different liquid densities, namely kerosene and water. In this method, the change in mass of the rods that are hung on the emulsion will be measured over time. Changes in rod mass occur due to bubble mass transfer due to differences in liquid density. The study examined the effect of rod type, rod shape and rod length in determining the best separation time between kerosene and water with a concentration of 2% kerosene in 98% water. The types of rods used are aluminum, copper, bronze and iron with a variety of rod shapes, namely cylinders, rectangular prisms, hexagon prisms, and sheets. While variations in rod length are 210 mm, 160 mm, 110 mm and 60 mm. Based on the results obtained, the kerosene-water separation time can be determined by the Buoyancy Weighing-Bar Method. The most accurate type of rod in determining the best separation time between kerosene and water is bronze with a length of 210 mm. In the variation of the rod shape, the resulting separation times are close together for each shape.
The Impact af a Price Change on Consumer Choice of Automobiles
Authors: Mohd Mustafa Muszafarshah , Abdul Razak Nor Azam 
Published: August 2020

This paper studies the impact of price change on the consumer choice of four selected automobiles in Malaysia: Saga 1.3cc, Saga 1.5cc, Wira 1.3cc, and Wira 1.5cc. The data were obtained from automobile reports compiled by the Malaysian Automotive Association (MAA), and analysed using the conditional and nested logit models. Our empirical analysis produced several key findings. Firstly, the sales of Saga 1.3cc appeared to be affected by change in the price of Wira 1.3cc only, and vice versa. Secondly, the sales of Saga 1.5cc did not appear to be affected by change in the price of other models. Finally, the sales of Wira 1.5cc also did not appear to be affected by change in the price of other models. Taken together, these results suggested that, except for Saga 1.3cc and Wira 1.3cc, there is little or no evidence that all of the car models under consideration are substitutes to each other in a pairwise comparison.