bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline Psychosocial and Demographic Factors Associated with Study Attrition and 12‐Month Weight Gain in the DIETFITS Trial
Authors: Fielding‐Singh Priya , Patel Michele L. , King Abby C. , Gardner Christopher D. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine correlates of failure—trial attrition and weight gain—in a randomized clinical weight‐loss trial.MethodsThe Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial included 609 adults (18‐50 years; BMI 28‐40). Participants were randomized to a 12‐month healthy low‐fat or healthy low‐carbohydrate diet for weight loss. At baseline, participants completed psychosocial, demographic, and anthropometric measures. Stepwise logistic regressions identified baseline factors associated with (1) study attrition and (2) among trial completers, weight gain at 12 months.ResultsHaving higher baseline food addiction and self‐efficacy was linked to treatment failure. Being younger, not having a college education, having higher outcome expectations and quality of life, and having lower social functioning and self‐control increased the odds of trial attrition. Identifying as other than non‐Hispanic white; not being married or cohabitating; having higher cognitive restraint and self‐control; and having lower amotivation, family encouragement, and physical limitations increased the odds of gaining weight by treatment’s end.ConclusionsParticipants’ baseline psychosocial and demographic factors may support or impede successful weight loss. Trialists should attend to these factors when designing treatments in order to promote participants’ likelihood of completing the trial and achieving their weight‐loss goals.
Enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of veneered wood flour/polyvinyl chloride composites
Authors: Zong Guanggong , Hao Jianxiu , Hao Xiaolong , Fang Yiqun , Song Yongming , Wang Haigang , OU Rongxian , Wang Qingwen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA wood flour/polyvinyl chloride (WF/PVC) composite with poplar veneer as the surface layer (veneered WF/PVC composites) was prepared by hot pressing. To improve the flame retardancy of the veneered WF/PVC composites, a self‐developed flame retardant of wood (FRW, composed of guanylurea phosphate [GPU], boric acid and few additives) was impregnated in the poplar veneer, and zinc oxide (ZnO) was incorporated into the WF/PVC composites. Properties of the composites, including thermal decomposition, flame retardancy, interface adhension strength, impact strength and flexural properties, were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the FRW and ZnO accelerated the pyrolysis of the composites in the first stage and had a positive effect on thermal performance at high temperature. Cone calorimetry showed that the FRW and ZnO promoted the rapid formation of carbon and had a positive effect on the flame retardancy and smoke inhibition properties. The mechanical results showed that a strong interface adhension strength was formed between the surface poplar veneer and PVC composite board substrates. The poplar veneer significantly improved the impact and flexural properties of the WF/PVC composites.
Genomic analysis reveals rich genetic variation and potential targets of selection during domestication of castor bean from perennial woody tree to annual semi‐woody crop
Authors: Xu Wei , Yang Tianquan , Qiu Lijun , Chapman Mark A. , Li De‐Zhu , Liu Aizhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRelatively, little is known about the genetic variation of woody trees during domestication. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae) is a commercially important nonedible annual oilseed crop and differs from its wild progenitors that have a perennial woody habit. Although castor bean is one of the oldest cultivated crops, its domestication origin, genomic variation, and potential targets of selection underlying domestication traits remain unknown. Here, we performed a phylogenetic analysis, which suggests that the wild accessions were distinctively separated from the cultivated accessions. Genome sequencing of three accessions (one each wild, landrace, and cultivar) showed a large number of genetic variants between wild and cultivated castor bean (ZB306 or Hale), and relatively few variants between cultivar ZB306 and Hale. Comparative genome analysis revealed many candidate genes of selection and key pathways potentially involved in the transition from a perennial woody tree to annual crop. Interestingly, among 16 oil‐related genes only three showed evidence of selection and the remainder showed low genetic variation at the population level, suggesting strong purifying selection in both the wild and domesticated gene pools. These results extend our understanding of the origin, genomic variation, and domestication, and provide a valuable resource for future gene–trait associations and castor bean breeding.
Radiative decay channel assessment to understand the sensing mechanism of a fluorescent turn‐on Al3+ chemosensor
Authors: Treto‐Suárez Manuel A. , Hidalgo‐Rosa Yoan , Schott Eduardo , Zarate Ximena , Páez‐Hernández Dayan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe turn‐on luminescent chemosensor [2‐Hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde‐(2‐pyridyl) hydrazone] (L), selective to Al3+ ions, was studied by means of density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent‐DFT quantum mechanics calculations. The UV‐Vis absorption and the radiative channel from the adiabatic S1 excited state were assessed in order to elucidate the selective sensing mechanism of L to Al3+ ions. We found that twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and photoelectron transfer (PET), which alter the emissive state, are responsible for the luminescence quenching in L. After coordination with Al3+, the TICT is blocked, and PET is no longer possible. So, the emission of the coordination complex is activated, and a fluorescence effect enhanced by chelation is observed. For compounds with Zn2+ and Cd2+, the luminescence quenching is caused by PET, while for Ni2+, ligand to metal charge transfer is the prominent mechanism. To go into more detail, the metal‐ligand interaction was analyzed via the Morokuma‐Ziegler energy decomposition scheme and the natural orbital of chemical valence.
Zooplankton sampling in large riverine systems: A gear comparison
Authors: Appel Douglas S. , Gerrish Gretchen A. , Fisher Elista J. , Fritts Mark W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLarge river systems create challenges when sampling zooplankton. The dynamics of large rivers, spatial heterogeneity of biota, and behaviours of zooplankton can all contribute to large variation in estimation. The gear utilized for zooplankton collections may also be a factor, and there is not a well‐studied gear, nor industry standard, for collection in riverine systems. The lack of consistent sampling methods makes it difficult to compare zooplankton within and across systems. A standard method for zooplankton collection would be valuable for comparison among studies. To optimize zooplankton assessment in large river habitats, we tested how community estimations varied between four common zooplankton sampling devices across three river habitat types. We tested four gears: the Schindler–Patalas trap, integrated tube sampler, powered water pump, and horizontal tow net. Each device was used to collect samples in thalweg, channel border, and backwater river habitats within Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River in June, July, and August of 2017. Our results support that there are qualitative and quantitative differences in zooplankton estimates among gear in different habitats. The powered pump most often yielded highest abundances of total and individual zooplankton taxa allowing for more reliable community comparisons. With some modification, the pump is recommended as the most appropriate sampling gear when performing quantitative studies of zooplankton composition and abundance in large river habitats.
Retracted: A New Mixed‐Ligand Coordination Polymer: Crystal Structure, Molecular Docking and Alleviating Effect on Myocarditis by Inhibiting the NLRP3‐Caspase‐1 Pathway in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Li Xiaozheng , Jin Xiaowan , Li Baoyi , Dong Fengquan , Li Haiying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new mixed‐ligand coordination polymer {[Co(Hbidc)(2,2′‐bpy)(H2O)2]⋅1.5H2O}n (1) has been successfully prepared by the reaction of Co(NO3)2⋅6H2O, 2, 2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy) as well as benzimidazole‐5, 6‐dicarboxylic acid (H3bidc) in the mixed solvent of water and DMA under solvothermal conditions. Furthermore, a mechanical grinding method was used to produce the nanostructure 1 with the average size of 263 nm. The integrity of H9 C2 cardiomyocytes cell membrane after nano 1 treatment was detected by LDH detection. After nano 1 incubation, the inflammatory level in the H9 C2 cardiomyocytes was evaluated by western blot and ELISA measurement. In addition, the ROS accumulation in H9 C2 cardiomyocytes after nano 1 treatment was determined by H2DCFDA detection assay. Finally, possible interactions between the studied complex 1 and protein has been probed using molecular docking simulation.
Novel Nanostructured Na+, Cu2+(Zn2+),CO32−‐HAP/Alginate Composite Scaffold: Fabrication, Characterization and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Strutynska Nataliia , Livitska Oksana , Vovchenko Lyudmyla , Zhuravkov Alexander , Prylutskyy Yuriy , Slobodyanik Nikolai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to prepare and characterize the novel Alginate (Alg)/Na+,Cu2+(Zn2+),CO32−‐containing apatite nanocomposite scaffolds, as well as to investigate their mechanical characteristics. During first stage, synthesized Na+,CO32− ‐ containing apatite‐type calcium phosphate was used as initial matrix for sorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from solutions with different molar concentrations. Then, the prepared Na+,Cu2+/Zn2+,CO32− ‐ containing apatite was used for creation of Alg/phosphate composites and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Results showed that all samples have a high Young's modulus ((370‐747) MPa), and their compressive strength is in the range of (233‐255) MPa. All Alg/phosphate composites are characterized by large plastic deformation when compressed.
Destabilization of β‐Hemocyanin from Helix pomatia in Presence of Choline Amino Acids Results in Improved Cell Specificity and Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Guncheva Maya H. , Todinova Svetla J. , Uzunova Veselina P. , Idakieva Krasimira N. , Raynova Yuliana M. , Ossowicz Paula , Janus Ewa , Tzoneva Rumiana D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany hemocyanins, the oxygen‐transporting proteins in some invertebrates, are studied in depth in view of their immunostimulatory and vaccine adjuvant properties. However, their direct cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell lines is poorly investigated. Here, we evaluated the effect of native β‐hemocyanin from Helix pomatia (β‐HpH) and its complexes with choline amino acids ([Chol][AA]) on the viability and morphology of estrogen‐dependent (MCF‐7) and estrogen‐independent (MDA‐MB‐231) breast cancer cells. In the tested concentration range, the native ß‐HpH has no effect on the cytotoxicity and migratory capacity of the two tested cell lines. [Chol][AA] induce rearrangement in the ß‐HpH molecule. The complexes characterize with decreased thermal stability and altered cytotoxicity. Their cytotoxicity toward MDA‐MB‐231 cells is preserved or enhanced. At the highest assayed concentration, β‐HpH‐[Chol][Trp] produced the same cytotoxic effect against MDA‐MB‐231 cells as that reported for doxorubicin. Oppositely, the native ß‐HpH, significantly stabilizes MCF‐7 cells and their metastatic potential was enhanced.
Dichlorination of Alkenes Using 1,3‐Dichloro‐5,5‐Dimethylhydantoin and ZnCl2
Authors: Ángel Alix Y. Bastidas , Bragança Emanuella F. , Alberto Eduardo E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectron‐deficient and electron‐rich alkenes can be efficiently converted to vicinal dichlorides employing a mixture of 1,3‐dichloro‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) and zinc chloride. This straightforward protocol offers an easier to handle and safer alternative to the use of chlorine gas or other common chlorinating agents. Experimental evidences suggest that the solubility of the chloride salt is essential for the formation of a chlorine/trichloride anion as the effective chlorinating agent.
Unique Processing of Grape Wine Residue and Its Biosynthetic Platinum Nanoparticles for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Xu Zhipeng , Wang Yimin , Liu Hua , Zhang Zhengguo , Liu Hai , Ke Yihu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlatinum is one of the most effective catalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In this work, platinum nanoparticles(PNPs) biosynthesized by the agricultural waste: grape wine residue(GWR) were introduced into dye eosin Y (EY) sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution system by one‐pot method. Results revealed that the amount of hydrogen produced with GWR was 4.8 times higher than that without GWR. Characterizations showed that the excellent effect was due not only to smaller and more dispersed PNPs (4.30 ± 0.67 nm) synthesized by the reductive and protective effect of GWR, but also to the effectiveness of GWR in accelerating the electron transport rate, inhibiting the return of the excited EY to the ground state, and prolonging the lifetime of EY. In addition, polyphenols and flavonoids in GWR were the main active ingredients in the preparation of PNPs, polyphenols were the main active ingredient in hydrogen production.
Ethylene Glycol‐Assisted Sol‐Gel Method for Preparing LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 as Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Zhu Limin , Yang Guang , Liu Jianping , Bao Chenguang , Xie Lingling , Cao Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEthylene glycol‐assisted sol‐gel method is employed for preparing LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 used as cathode material in lithium‐ion batteries. The prepared material has higher c/a value and lower cationic mixing degree of Li+/Ni2+, illuminating a more orderly structure, smaller particle size and more regular particle shape, which shorten the diffusion length for Li+ ions and allow the rapid kinetics of Li+ ions diffusion. Sure enough, the as‐prepared LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 material displays the first discharge capacity of 208 mAh g−1 and keeps 133 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles between 2.5 and 4.5 V at 0.2 C. In addition, it demonstrates excellent rate capacity of 143 mAh g−1 at 2 C. The results show that LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 prepared by this method has high discharge capacity, admirable rate capability and exceptional cycle stability, which provides significant insights into the synthesis of other layered oxides as cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
General Synthesis of 3,4‐Dinitrophenyl α‐Glycopyranosides
Authors: Wallace Michael D. , Stubbs Keith A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA generalised simple method for the synthesis of 3,4‐dinitrophenyl α‐glycosides is described. The nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 1‐fluoro‐3,4‐dinitrobenzene can be achieved with a suite of partially protected sugar hemiacetals, under basic conditions.
Bidirectional Transport of Nanoparticles and Cells with a Bio‐Conveyor Belt
Authors: Liu Xiaoshuai , Wu You , Xu Xiaohao , Li Yuchao , Zhang Yao , Li Baojun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe bidirectional transport of nanoparticles and biological cells is of great significance in efficient biological assays and precision cell screening, and can be achieved with optical conveyor belts in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. However, implantation of these belts into biological systems can present significant challenges owing to the incompatibility of the artificial materials. In this work, an optical conveyor belt assembled from natural biological cells is proposed. The diameter of the belt (500 nm) is smaller than the laser wavelength (980 nm) and, therefore, the evanescent wave stably traps the nanoparticles and cells on the belt surface. By adjusting the relative power of the lasers injected into the belt, the particles or cells can be bidirectionally transported along the bio‐conveyor belt. The experimental results are numerically interpreted and the transport velocities are investigated based on simulations. Further experiments show that the bio‐conveyor belt can also be assembled with mammalian cells and then applied to dynamic cell transport in vivo. The bio‐conveyor belt might provide a noninvasive and biocompatible tool for biomedical assays, drug delivery, and biological nanoarchitectonics.
Bacterium, Fungus, and Virus Microorganisms for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Shen Shenghui , Zhou Rongfan , Li Yahao , Liu Bo , Pan Guoxiang , Liu Qi , Xiong Qinqin , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince rapidly increasing energy demands have aroused tremendous research activities on energy storage and conversion, microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and viruses) have played significant roles in developing high‐performance electrodes due to their strong abilities of fast reproduction, biomineralization, gene modification, and self‐assembly. Recently, a large quantity of bacteria and fungi has been utilized as the precursors to produce heteroatom–doped carbons or as the biofactories and templates to biomineralize the metal ions to form carbon‐based composites. In addition, in virtue of easy genetic modification, nanoscale viruses with functional groups are directly used as biotemplates for the self‐assembly of the active materials. In this review, a detailed introduction on the microorganisms and their unique abilities as well as the mechanisms behind their operations are discussed. Moreover, recent progress on bacteria‐ and fungi‐derived carbon materials and their composites, as well as the virus‐templated bio‐materials as the electrodes in electrochemical fields, including batteries and electrocatalysts, are further summarized. Finally, challenges and perspectives on the development of the microorganism derivations in electrochemical fields are also provided. This review offers guidance for the rational design of advanced electrode materials from microorganisms and extend the energy systems from the man‐made to biofabrication.
Development of New Synthetic Strategies, Tactics and their Applications
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meshram Milind 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis account covers our work related to the development of various synthetic methodologies since 1994. We summarized our strategies and their application to design various functional molecules. In this regard, we also report the utility of our methodologies in others research work. These methods we report here are simple and efficient for the synthesis of a wide variety of intricate molecules such as heterocycles, polycycles, unusual α‐amino acids, star‐shaped molecules, and modified peptides. For this purpose, we used various transition metal‐based reagents and catalysts. Various popular reactions such as metathesis, Suzuki coupling, [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization were used to assemble these targets. Moreover, rongalite has been used to expand the Diels‐Alder chemistry.
Mesoporous silica induces hippocampal neurons cell autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhi Xiaoyu , Zhao Ji , Wei Jinglin , Li Jiangping , Yang Huifang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMesoporous silica is a drug carrier with strong targeting, large loading capacity, and easy modification of its surface while its toxicity draws increasing attention recently. In this study, we evaluated the impact of SBA‐15 nanomaterials on hippocampal neurons. We found that SBA‐15 induces oxidative damage to hippocampal neurons HT22, which further activates autophagy. Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor AZD8055, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and P70S6K reduced and increased levels of p‐AMPK meaning that the adenosine‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR/P70S6K pathway is involved in SBA‐15 induced autophagy of HT22. These results suggested that mesoporous silica material SBA‐15 might affect central nervous cells via oxidative stress activation of the AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for safe administration of such materials in patients.
Climate change and disasters: The ethics of leadership
Authors: Crosweller Mark , Tschakert Petra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimate change, extreme events, and related disasters pose significant challenges not only for the poorest and most vulnerable populations, but also for leaders in disaster and emergency management. Effective leadership entails preparing for and responding to increasing intensities and frequencies of extreme natural hazard events while managing and justifying suffering and loss that communities and individuals experience in case of failed protection. Insight is provided into this double challenge and how it is compounded by the concomitant ways modern societies engage with risk and construct vulnerability and resilience. A conceptual framework is used to show how the rise of modernity, today's risk society, neoliberalism, and governmentality as found in many western democracies, converge to constrain disaster leadership and management, illustrating how interpretations of responsibility and potential loss and suffering have shifted from organizations to individual actors, exacerbating the leadership dilemma in managing hazard‐driven crises. This includes ways that neoliberal governmentality warp understandings of vulnerability and resilience by understating one and overstating the other. Through a heuristic, we explain mounting leadership challenges with increasing levels of disaster intensity and consequence, drawing upon natural hazard examples from Australia. Although recent literature on ethical and responsible leadership in disasters points toward tangible ways to overcome aspects of the leadership dilemma, preparing for and responding to increasing disaster intensity require additional leadership qualities. This review ends by outlining relevant aspects from relational leadership ethics, feminist care ethics, and the philosophy and ethics of compassion to advance knowledge toward an ethics of disaster leadership.This article is categorized under:
Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change