bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bundles on
with vanishing lower cohomologies
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study bundles on projective spaces that have vanishing lower cohomologies using their short minimal free resolutions. We partition the moduli
$\mathcal{M}$
according to the Hilbert function H and classify all possible Hilbert functions H of such bundles. For each H, we describe a stratification of

$\mathcal{M}_H$
by quotients of rational varieties. We show that the closed strata form a graded lattice given by the Betti numbers.
Sobre el Códice Alcobacense de Vaseo y los Annales Portugalenses Veteres: continuidad del reino visigodo de Toledo = On <em>Vasaeus’ Codex Alcobacensis </em>and the <em>Annales Portugalenses Veteres</em>: The Continuity of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo
Authors: Del Castillo Arcadio 
Published: April 2020

El códice que utilizó J. Vaseo no tiene nada que ver con los fragmentos del códice Alcobacense existentes en Madrid y Londres. De hecho todo empuja a considerar que tuvo que ser la Summa Chronicorum (que no se puede identificar con el códice Matritense), pues estando en Alcobaça el Chronicon que vió era el Alcobacense. El códice de J. Vaseo no es de donde sacó A. Brandão el Chronicon que denominó Chronica Gothorum, por lo que resulta incuestionable que A. Brandão y J. Vaseo no trabajaron con el mismo texto. Ahora bien, en cualquier caso, para nosotros lo que resulta interesante es precisamente la existencia de los cronicones que forman parte de los llamados Annales Portugalenses Veteres. Pues en estos cronicones se hace referencia a la llegada de los visigodos a Hispania, su dominio sobre ella, la pérdida del reino por la invasión musulmana, y el comienzo de su recuperación con don Pelayo y sus sucesores. Consideramos que no se trata de un cronicón Conimbricense con tres versiones. A nuestro entender nos encontramos con tres cronicones, cubriendo cada uno de ellos más espacio temporal que el anterior, y que, al margen de su auténtico origen, y siguiendo el primer esquema que se planteó, deben de ser denominados Alcobacense, Lusitanum y Conimbricense.Abstract The Codex that J. Vasaeus used is entirely unrelated to the fragments of the Codex Alcobacensis held in Madrid and London. Indeed, everything indicates that it must have been the Summa Chronicorum (which cannot be identified with the Codex Matritensis) he consulted, since being in Alcobaça, the Chronicon he saw must rather be the Alcobacense. Brandão did not work on the chronicle that he called the Chronica Gothorum from Vasaeus’ codex, and thus we must conclude that Brandão and Vasaeus did not work on the same text. Regardless of this, what interests us here is specifically the existence of the brief chronicles that form part of the Annales Portugalenses Veteres. These brief chronicles refer to the arrival of the Visigoths in Hispania, their dominion over it, the loss of their kingdom due to the Muslim conquest and the beginning of its recovery by Don Pelayo and his successors. We do not believe that this is a Conimbricense Chronicon with three different versions. Rather, we consider that these form three brief chronicles, each of which covers a longer period of time than the previous one. Hence, regardless of their true origin and in line with the first scheme proposed, the Chronicons should be titled the Alcobacense, the Lusitanum and the Conimbricense.
La invitación interpersonal a delinquir como acto preparatorio punible
Authors: Alastuey Dobón Carmen 
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo versa sobre la punibilidad de las invitaciones privadas a delinquir como actos preparatorios. Desde hace tiempo se discute acerca de las características que han de reunir dichas invitaciones para considerarlas punibles a través de la conspiración o de la proposición para delinquir (art. 17 CP, apartados 1 y 2, respectivamente). Esta polémica se ha reavivado con el cambio en el concepto legal de proposición en el año 2015. La propuesta de interpretación del mencionado precepto que aquí se formula gira en torno a dos ideas clave. En primer lugar, la necesidad de distinguir entre las invitaciones aceptadas (pactos cerrados para delinquir) y las no aceptadas (pactos intentados). Las primeras son más peligrosas que las segundas y requieren el castigo de todos los miembros del pacto, por lo que han de ser sancionadas a través de la conspiración. Las segundas, punibles mediante la proposición, deben cumplir requisitos más estrictos y castigarse con una pena inferior. En segundo lugar, la exigencia, en todo caso, de que el pacto lo sea para la ejecución de un delito. Ello implica la impunidad de acuerdos cerrados o intentados en los que no se prevea la ejecución del hecho delictivo por parte de al menos uno de sus miembros. This paper focuses on the punishability of private invitations to commit offences as preparatory acts. For some time now, it has been discussed about the characteristics of these invitations in terms of their punishability, both as conspiracy and as a proposition to commit an offence (article 17 CP, sections 1 and 2, respectively). The change in the legal concept of proposition, in 2015, has revived this particular controversy. Thereby, the proposed interpretation of the aforementioned precept is formulated around two key ideas. First, the need to distinguish between accepted invitations (closed agreements to commit offences) and those that are not accepted (attempted agreements). The former are more dangerous than the latter and imply to punish the whole group; therefore they must be sanctioned as conspiracy. Second, punishable as a proposition to commit an offence, must meet stricter requirements and be punished with a lower penalty. In the last place, it should be highlighted the requirement that the agreement is made in any case for the commission of a crime. This implies the impunity of closed or attempted agreements in which the execution of the criminal act by at least one of its members is not foreseen.
Exosomes derived from M0, M1 and M2 macrophages exert distinct influences on the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xia Yu , He Xiao-Tao , Xu Xin-Yue , Tian Bei-Min , An Ying , Chen Fa-Ming 
Published: April 2020

Background
Different phenotypes of macrophages (M0, M1 and M2 Mφs) have been demonstrated to play distinct roles in regulating mesenchymal stem cells in various in vitro and in vivo systems. Our previous study also found that cell-conditioned medium (CM) derived from M1 Mφs supported the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), whereas CM derived from either M0 or M2 Mφs showed an enhanced effect on cell osteogenic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. Exosomes, as key components of Mφ-derived CM, have received increasing attention. Therefore, it is possible that exosomes may modulate the effect of Mφ-derived CM on the property of BMMSCs. This hypothesis was tested in the present study.

Methods
In this study, RAW264.7 cells were induced toward M1 or M2 polarization with different cytokines, and exosomes were isolated from the unpolarized (M0) and polarized (M1 and M2) Mφs. Mouse BMMSCs were then cultured with normal complete medium or inductive medium supplemented with M0-Exos, M1-Exos or M2-Exos. Finally, the proliferation ability and the osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity of the BMMSCs were measured and analyzed.

Results
We found that only the medium containing M1-Exos, rather than M0-Exos or M2-Exos, supported cell proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. This was inconsistent with CM-based incubation. In addition, all three types of exosomes had a suppressive effect on chondrogenic differentiation.

Conclusion
Although our data demonstrated that exosomes and CM derived from the same phenotype of Mφs didn’t exert exactly the same cellular influences on the cocultured stem cells, it still confirmed the hypothesis that exosomes are key regulators during the modulation effect of Mφ-derived CM on BMMSC property.
Identification of exosomal miRNAs associated with the anthracycline-induced liver injury in postoperative breast cancer patients by small RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Di , Shen Di , Luo Yang , Che Yi-Qun 
Published: April 2020

Background
Anthracycline-induced liver injury (AILI) is one of the serious complications of anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy for postoperative breast cancer patients. Exosomal miRNAs, as signaling molecules in intercellular communication, play the essential roles in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, the expression profiles of them in patients with AILI remains unknown.

Methods
Seven post-chemotherapy patients were recruited in this study. After isolated plasma-derived exosomes, small RNA sequencing revealed exosomal miRNA profiles and differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified between the liver injury group and non-liver injury group. miRTarBase and miRDB were used to predict the potential target genes of DE-miRNAs. DILI-related genes were downloaded from the CTD Database. The intersection of predicted genes and DILI-related genes were identified as the AILI-related target genes of the DE-miRNAs. GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by the DAVID database. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by the STRING database and essential exosomal miRNAs were identified via Cytoscape software.

Results
A total of 30 DE-miRNAs and 79 AILI-related target genes were identified. AILI-related target genes of the DE-miRNAs are significantly enriched in NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and the FoxO signaling pathway. Then, the hub genes were screened and we discovered that IL-6 and SOD2 are the most critical genes that may be involved in the development of AILI through the activation of immune response and the occurrence of oxidative stress, respectively. In addition, we found that miR-1-3p could potentially regulate most of the hub genes in the miRNA-hub gene network.

Conclusion
We explored the potential functions of DE-miRNAs and suggested exosomal miR-1-3p might be the essential exosomal miRNA in the pathogenesis of AILI. Moreover, our study provided an experimental basis for experimental verification to reveal the actual function and mechanism of miRNAs in AILI.
Employee Deviance as By-product of Psychological Contract: The Moderating Effects of Power Distance among Employees in Insurance Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Etodike Chukwuemeka N. , Joe-Akunne Chiamaka O. , Obibuba Ijeoma M. 
Published: April 2020

Employees have expectations from their organizations; whether they are written, contractual, or not, these expectations have an equally employee outcome such as employee deviance. Indices indicate that employee deviance is on the increase especially in the organized private sector; thus, this study evaluated employee deviance as by-product of psychological contract and power distance among a sample of employees (289) from insurance organizations in Nigeria with an average age of 34.50 years and standard deviation of 3.50. The study sought to ascertain the relationship between psychological contract and employee deviance and whether perceptions of power distance moderated this relationship. Psychological contract inventory (PCI), Power distance scale adapted from CVSCALE Five-dimensional scale of individual cultural values and Workplace deviant behaviour scale were utilized for data collection. The result of data analysis indicated that the adjusted R2 for step 1 is .24 at F(42.06) p < .01. In the second model, the adjusted R2 is .26 and R change is .002. This R change was significant at F (33.76), df = 285 p < .01. The Beta coefficient for model 2 shows that psychological contract significantly and negatively predicted employee deviant behaviours at Beta value, thus, the first hypothesis was confirmed at β = -.68, p < .01. Similarly, power distance significantly and positively predicted employee deviant behaviour at β coefficient value of .34, p < .01, thus, the second hypothesis was also confirmed. Also, the third hypothesis where power distance moderated the relationship between psychological contract and employee deviant behaviour was confirmed at β =.27, p < .01. The study concludes that organizations whose interests do not account for the expectations of their employees are at risk of higher levels of employees’ deviance either as byproduct of psychological contract violations or as a retaliatory behaviour.
The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes: Are Implementers in Southern Nigeria Adequately Informed?
Authors: Nte Alice R. , Eke Gracia K. , Onuora Ngozi 
Published: April 2020

Background: The knowledge about the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and relevant subsequent World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolutions (the Code), its implementation and enforcement are essential in promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and optimal infant and young child feeding. Violations by various stakeholders remain a perennial problem within and outside Nigeria with the main reason being lack of information of the Code and its relevance to child survival, growth and development.
Aims: To share the findings from data collected during the sensitization of stakeholders on the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in four States in the UNICEF Rivers Field Office, southern Nigeria.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: September-October 2017, Southern, Nigeria.
Methodology: Stakeholders from 4 southern States in Nigeria attended the sensitization meetings. A pre- and post-tests were administered to assess the knowledge they acquired from the workshops. Results were analysed using percentages and test of significance.
Results: The two-day meeting for each State held in September and October 2017 for a total of 296 participants out of whom data on 237 (80%) participants were analysed for presentation. Over 95% respondents had not read the Code and the Nigerian Regulations 2005, did not know the contents and their responsibility towards its implementation before the meeting. At the post test, the performance of the participants significantly improved (p<0.05) on all test items. All participants now owned the Code, the Nigerian Regulations and other relevant documents to sustain their knowledge and commitment to the implementation of the Code.
Conclusion: Ignorance and lack of ownership of copies of the Code contributed to the level of its violations and poor implementation. Improved compliance with the Code requires creation of awareness about it among stakeholders.
Optimization of the Extraction Procedure of Apixaban from Dried Rat Plasma Spots
Authors: Aksenova L. V. , Koval V. V. , Chernonosov A. A. 
Published: April 2020

Aims: Apixaban is an anticoagulant used to treat and prevent blood clots, as well as to prevent stroke in people with atrial fibrillation. The dried spot analyses, including dried blood spots and dried plasma spots, are used to simplify techniques for determining drug concentrations in blood and plasma. In this case, equipment with highly sensitive detector is required, for example, mass spectrometer, as well as a high level of drug extraction from the dried spot. In this work, apixaban extraction from dried plasma spots (DPS) was studied in order to determine the optimal parameters of the extraction method.
Study Design: Short Research Articles.
Place and Duration of Study: Core Facility of Mass Spectrometric Analysis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, between September 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: The organic extraction method was chosen for evaluation as the most suitable for LC-MS assay. Several parameters: percentage of organic solvent, presence or absence of 0.1% formic acid (FA), time, volume and temperature of extraction were investigated to find the best combination for recovery of apixaban from DPS for further LC-MS analysis.
Results: The results showed that the main influence on the extraction is the composition of the solvent, volume of solvent, as well as temperature and time of extraction. Pure acetonitrile is the worst solvent for extracting apixaban from DPS. Solvents: MeOH:H2O (100:0, v: v), MeOH: 0.1% FA in H2O (80:20, v:v), ACN: 0.1% FA in H2O (90:10, v:v) or ACN:MeOH (90:10, v:v) provide better recovery of apixaban. The optimum extraction parameters were as follows: 90% acetonitrile concentration, extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 15 min, and solvent volume of 100
Stacking‐Order‐Driven Optical Properties and Carrier Dynamics in ReS2
Authors: Zhou Yongjian , Maity Nikhilesh , Rai Amritesh , Juneja Rinkle , Meng Xianghai , Roy Anupam , Zhang Yanyao , Xu Xiaochuan , Lin Jung‐Fu , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Singh Abhishek K. , Wang Yaguo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo distinct stacking orders in ReS2 are identified without ambiguity and their influence on vibrational, optical properties and carrier dynamics are investigated. With atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), two stacking orders are determined as AA stacking with negligible displacement across layers, and AB stacking with about a one‐unit cell displacement along the a axis. First‐principles calculations confirm that these two stacking orders correspond to two local energy minima. Raman spectra inform a consistent difference of modes I & III, about 13 cm−1 for AA stacking, and 20 cm−1 for AB stacking, making a simple tool for determining the stacking orders in ReS2. Polarized photoluminescence (PL) reveals that AB stacking possesses blueshifted PL peak positions, and broader peak widths, compared with AA stacking, indicating stronger interlayer interaction. Transient transmission measured with femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy suggests exciton dynamics being more anisotropic in AB stacking, where excited state absorption related to Exc. III mode disappears when probe polarization aligns perpendicular to b axis. The findings underscore the stacking‐order driven optical properties and carrier dynamics of ReS2, mediate many seemingly contradictory results in the literature, and open up an opportunity to engineer electronic devices with new functionalities by manipulating the stacking order.
Reducing the Singlet−Triplet Energy Gap by End‐Group π−π Stacking Toward High‐Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Han Guangchao , Hu Taiping , Yi Yuanping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo improve the power conversion efficiencies for organic solar cells, it is necessary to enhance light absorption and reduce energy loss simultaneously. Both the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states need to energertically approach the charge‐transfer state to reduce the energy loss in exciton dissociation and by triplet recombination. Meanwhile, the S1 energy needs to be decreased to broaden light absorption. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the singlet−triplet energy gap (ΔEST), particularly for the narrow‐bandgap materials that determine the device T1 energy. Although maximizing intramolecular push−pull effect can drastically decrease ΔEST, it inevitably results in weak oscillator strength and light absorption. Herein, large oscillator strength (≈3) and a moderate ΔEST (0.4−0.5 eV) are found for state‐of‐the‐art A−D−A small‐molecule acceptors (ITIC, IT‐4F, and Y6) owing to modest push−pull effect. Importantly, end‐group π−π stacking commonly in the films can substantially decrease the S1 energy by nearly 0.1 eV, but the T1 energy is hardly changed. The obtained reduction of ΔEST is crucial to effectively suppress triplet recombination and acquire small exciton dissociation driving force. Thus, end‐group π−π stacking is an effective way to achieve both small energy loss and efficient light absorption for high‐efficiency organic photovoltaics.
Deterministic Realization of Quasicrystal Surface Relief Gratings on Thin Azopolymer Films
Authors: Salvatore Marcella , Borbone Fabio , Oscurato Stefano Luigi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpatially structured UV–visible light fields generate topographic modulations on the surface of films of azobenzene‐containing polymers. The geometry of the surface reliefs depends on the spatiotemporal distribution of light over the sample. If multistep sequential irradiations are used, even illumination configurations as simple as the interference of two linearly polarized beams produce complex surface textures. This is the case of the quasicrystal geometries, obtainable as the superposition of multiple sinusoidal surface relief gratings oriented in different directions over the surface. The quantitative relief design would require a comprehensive theoretical description of the light‐induced relief formation mechanism, which is still elusive for azopolymers. Here, despite limiting the description at a phenomenological level, the deterministic design of the quasicrystal surface reliefs obtained in sequential light exposures of an azopolymer film is demonstrated. The model provides an excellent agreement between simulated and experimental relief textures, predicting also the dependence of relief structural features on illumination parameters as the number of exposure steps and the beam interference angle. The deterministic texture design allows the controlled tailoring of surface functionalities related to the relief geometry like light diffraction properties of the samples, which are here exploited to manipulate, split, and trap diffracted light.
Flexible Generation of Multi‐Aqueous Core Hydrogel Capsules Using Microfluidic Aqueous Two‐Phase System
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Haitao , He Fan , Chen Wenwen , Zhang Xu , Zhao Mengqian , Wang Li , Qin Jianhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrogel capsules are widely applied in materials science, pharmaceutical science, and tissue engineering due to their tunable nature, defined core–shell architecture, and proper biocompatibility. Specially, multi‐core capsules are highly functional carriers with notable advantages for co‐encapsulation of diverse incompatible components without cross‐contamination. However, current approaches for generating such capsules are limited by using gas/oil‐water‐oil systems, leading to poor biocompatibility and functions due to the gas/oil cores. Herein, a simple and new approach is proposed for flexible fabrication of multi‐aqueous core hydrogel capsules (MACHC) using microfluidic aqueous two‐phase system (µATPS). In this system, a flow‐focusing microfluidic device is designed to create a stable laminar flow with two immiscible liquids composed of polyethylene glycol and dextran, which is sheared by oil phase to further effectively produce MACHC. The volume and components of each core can be well tailored by precisely adjusting the distinct flows, while the number of cores is determined by the orifice design of microfluidic chip. The MACHC are successfully used to co‐encapsulate heterogeneous hepatic and endothelial cells, indicating good biocompatibility and multi‐functionality of the multi‐core carriers. The proposed µATPS‐based approach is stable and convenient, holding promise for generation of multi‐responsive materials, tissue engineering, and co‐delivery of diverse drugs.