bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ramie at various levels on ruminal fermentation and rumen microbiota of goats
Authors: Du Encun , Guo Wanzheng , Chen Fang , Fan Qiwen , Zhao Na , Zhang Wei , Huang Shaowen , Wei Jintao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the shortage of high‐quality forage in southern China, it is urgent to develop local unconventional forage resources, such as ramie. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary ramie levels on ruminal fermentation and rumen microbiota of Boer goats. A total of 60 Boer kids were allocated into four dietary treatments with 0, 10%, 20%, and 40% ramie, respectively. The results showed that the ruminal fermentation parameters were unaffected by the inclusion of 0%–20% ramie (p > .05). However, the ruminal concentration of total short‐chain fatty acids, acetate, and butyrate increased linearly with increasing ramie proportions (p < .05). Notably, ramie at 40% level improved the production of butyrate compared with the other dietary treatments (p < .05). Increasing the dietary ramie proportion did not affect the alpha or beta diversity of the rumen microbial community, and the relative abundances of the microorganisms at phylum level and most of the identified microorganisms at genus level remain unchanged (p > .10) even though the relative abundance of Asteroleplasma and Treponema was increased respectively when 10% and 20% ramie was included (p < .05). Overall, the result of this study demonstrated that up to 40% ramie had no impairment in the ruminal fermentation or rumen microbiota of goats.
Microglia in the hypothalamus respond to tumor‐derived factors and are protective against cachexia during pancreatic cancer
Authors: Burfeind Kevin G. , Zhu Xinxia , Norgard Mason A. , Levasseur Peter R. , Huisman Christian , Michaelis Katherine A. , Olson Brennan , Marks Daniel L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroglia in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) respond to inflammatory stimuli and metabolic perturbations to mediate body composition. This concept is well studied in the context of high fat diet induced obesity (HFDO), yet has not been investigated in the context of cachexia, a devastating metabolic syndrome characterized by anorexia, fatigue, and muscle catabolism. We show that microglia accumulate specifically in the MBH early in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)‐associated cachexia and assume an activated morphology. Furthermore, we observe astrogliosis in the MBH and hippocampus concurrent with cachexia initiation. We next show that circulating immune cells resembling macrophages infiltrate the MBH. PDAC‐derived factors induced microglia to express a transcriptional profile in vitro that was distinct from that induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Microglia depletion through CSF1‐R antagonism resulted in accelerated cachexia onset and increased anorexia, fatigue, and muscle catabolism during PDAC. This corresponded with increased hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation. CSF1‐R antagonism had little effect on inflammatory response in the circulation, liver, or tumor. These findings demonstrate that microglia are protective against PDAC cachexia and provide mechanistic insight into this function.
A systematic review of self‐sampling for HPV testing in Africa
Authors: Nodjikouambaye Zita Aleyo , Adawaye Chatté , Mboumba Bouassa Ralph‐Sydney , Sadjoli Damthéou , Bélec Laurent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) testing may be feasible for primary cervical cancer screening in low‐resource countries.ObjectiveTo compare self‐sampling by women with clinician‐performed sampling for HPV testing in Africa.Search strategyMEDLINE, Google scholar, EMBASE, and several journals were searched from 2000 until 2015 using relevant terms.Selection criteriaSelected studies compared self‐sampled and clinician‐sampled HPV tests.Data collection and analysisData extraction forms included description of the type of HPV screening, description of any additional intervention components, study design, sample size, follow‐up periods, analytic approach, reported numerical outcomes, results, and limitations.ResultsTwenty‐five studies were identified. Women of a wide age range were successful at self‐sampling in many African countries. More than 95% of self‐samples yielded HPV DNA results. The concordance in test results between self‐collected samples and clinician‐collected samples was reasonably high in most studies. In all studies, the quality of cytology from self‐sampling matched that of clinician‐sampling. Women were generally positive about self‐collection, but noted some concerns.ConclusionSelf‐sampling for HPV DNA testing seems to represent a feasible alternative to the Pap test. Further research is needed to provide a solid evidence base to inform using of self‐sampling for HPV DNA testing for primary cervical cancer screening.
Diagnostic accuracy of self‐collected vaginal samples for HPV DNA detection in women from South India
Authors: Kuriakose Santhosh , Sabeena Sasidharanpillai , Binesh Damodaran , Abdulmajeed Jazeel , Ravishankar Nagaraja , Ramachandran Amrutha , Vijaykumar Bindu , Ameen Nurul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of self‐collected vaginal samples compared with physician‐collected cervical samples for the detection of HPVDNA.MethodsA hospital‐based cross‐sectional study was carried out among patients with newly diagnosed cervical cancer attending the Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Radiation Oncology Department at Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala between March 2017 and April 2019. Consenting patients collected their vaginal samples, followed by cervical sample collection by the clinician. The paired samples were transported at 4–8 °C to the laboratory. Amplification of LCR/E6/E7 regions of the HPV genome was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The agreement level between paired samples was assessed by the Kappa index.ResultsAmong the 114 cervical cancer patients enrolled in the present cross‐sectional study, the prevalence of HPV DNA was 78.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 69.2%–85%) in cervical samples and 77.2% in vaginal samples (95% CI 68.7%–83.9%). The overall agreement between the two sampling methods was 93.9% and the kappa value was 0.82 (P<0.001). The sensitivity of HPV detection using vaginal samples was 98.9% (95% CI 93.9%–99.8%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI 86.7%–100%) with cervical sampling as the gold standard. By Kappa index, an almost perfect agreement for HPV DNA detection between self‐collected and physician‐collected samples was observed.ConclusionSelf‐collection of vaginal samples ensures equity of cervical cancer screening in low‐income countries such as India.
TargetingPlasmodiumwith constrained peptides and peptidomimetics
Authors: Helton Leah G. , Kennedy Eileen J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMalaria remains a worldwide health concern with an estimated quarter of a billion people infected and nearly half a million deaths annually. Malaria is caused by a parasite infection fromPlasmodiumstrains which are transmitted from mosquitoes into the human host. Although several small molecule inhibitors have been found to target the early stages of transmission and prevent parasite proliferation, multiple drug resistant parasite strains have emerged and drug resistance remains a major hurdle. As an alternative to small molecule inhibition, several peptide‐based therapeutics have been explored for their potential as antimalarial compounds. Chemically constrained peptides or peptidomimetics were developed to target large binding interfaces of parasite‐based proteins that have historically been difficult to selectively inhibit using small molecules. Here, we review ongoing research aimed at developing constrained peptides targeting protein–protein interactions pertinent to malaria pathogenesis. These targets include Falcipain‐2, the J domain of CDPK1, myosin A tail domain interacting protein, the PKA signaling pathway, and an unclear signaling pathway involving angiotensin‐derived peptides. Diverse synthetic methods were also used for each target. Merging parasite biology with synthetic strategies may provide new opportunities to develop alternative methods for uncovering novel antimalarials and may offer an alternate source for targeting drug‐resistant parasite strains.
Onset of asthma‐like symptoms in children with lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Mao Song , Fang Li , Wu Liangxia , Shi Wenjing , Xu Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthma‐like symptoms (ALS) often occur among children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). We aimed to determine the potential risk factors for ALS onset in LRTIs children.MethodsA total of 102 LRTIs with ALS and 474 without ALS were enrolled. The relative risk (RR) was used to test the influence of the clinical factors on the ALS risk. We compared the differences of birth data, wheezing history, disease severity, inflammatory markers, infectious pathogens, allergic markers, cardiac, liver, and kidney injury markers between LRTIs with and without ALS onset. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the predictive value of various markers in the ALS risk in LRTIs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between various clinical and laboratory parameters and ALS onset in LRTIs.ResultsThe RRs of boys/girls ratio and wheezing history for ALS compared with non‐ALS was 1.263 and 2.850, respectively (P = .026, <10−4). There were significant differences of age, WBC, PLT, EOS, and CK between LRTIs with and without ALS onset (P = .004, .041, .006, .049, and .035). ROC analysis showed that significant associations between the parameters of age, WBC, and PLT and ALS risk among LRTIs were observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the clinical and laboratory parameters were not independently associated with the risk of ALS onset among LRTIs.ConclusionsLower age, male, inflammation, and allergic state were risk factors for ALS onset in LRTIs. Comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of these factors may be helpful for ALS prevention.
Fibroblasts‐dependent invasion of podoplanin‐positive cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Miyashita Tomoyuki , Neri Shinya , Hashimoto Hiroko , Akutsu Asami , Sugano Masato , Fujii Satoshi , Ochiai Atsushi , Ishii Genichiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo clear whether podoplanin‐positive cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma have higher invasion activity during a fibroblasts‐dependent invasion. A collagen gel invasion assay was performed using fluorescent ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator‐labeled A431 cells. The total number and number of invading cells in S/G2/M phase were counted using time‐lapse imaging cocultured with fibroblasts. There was no significant difference between the number of invading podoplanin‐positive and negative A431 cells when fibroblasts did not exist. On the contrary, the number of invading podoplanin‐positive cells was significantly higher when fibroblasts existed. The frequency of cells in S/G2/M phase among invasion was no difference. Knockdown of podoplanin decreased the number of invaded A431 cells significantly when fibroblasts existed. Podoplanin‐positive A431 cells display higher invasion activity when fibroblasts exist, suggesting that some biological functions of cancer stem cells might become evident only within the fibrous tumor microenvironment.
Primary cilia mediate parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 osteogenic actions in osteocytes and osteoblasts via Gli activation
Authors: Martín‐Guerrero Eduardo , Tirado‐Cabrera Irene , Buendía Irene , Alonso Verónica , Gortázar Arancha R. , Ardura Juan A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMechanical stimulation of primary cilia in osteocytes and osteoblasts has been proposed as a mechanism that participates in bone cell survival and skeletal remodeling. Among different signaling pathways stimulated by primary cilia, the hedgehog signaling pathway has been associated with the regulation of bone development. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐related protein (PTHrP) signaling through PTH 1 receptor (PTH1R) also regulates bone cell survival and remodeling and has been associated with the hedgehog pathway during skeletal development. We hypothesize that primary cilia and PTH1R concomitantly regulate bone remodeling and cell survival and aim to describe the mechanisms that mediate these effects in osteocytes and osteoblasts. Colocalization of PTH1R with primary cilia was observed in control and PTHrP‐stimulated MLO‐Y4 osteocytic and MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. Activation of PTH1R by PTHrP increased cell survival, osteoblast gene expression (osteocalcin, runt‐related transcription factor 2, and bone alkaline phosphatase) and the expression of the hedgehog transcription factor Gli‐1 in osteocytes and osteoblasts. These effects were abrogated by small interfering RNAs for the primary cilia protein IFT88 or by a primary cilia specific inhibitor (chloral hydrate). Preincubation of MLO‐Y4 osteocytic and MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells with the Gli‐1 antagonist GANT61 inhibited PTHrP prosurvival actions but did not affect PTHrP‐induced overexpression of osteogenic genes. Mechanical stimulation by fluid flow increased the number of primary cilia‐presenting cells in osteocytes and osteoblasts. We propose that PTH1R activation induces prosurvival actions via primary cilia‐ and Gli‐1‐dependent mechanism and modulates osteogenic responses via a primary cilia‐dependent and Gli‐1‐independent pathway in osteocytes and osteoblasts.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indoleamide derivatives as antioxidative and antitumor agents
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Gu Ying‐Lin , Wang Zheng‐Yang , Wang Huan‐Nan , Zhao Yan , Chu Xue‐Mei , Zhang Chun‐Yan , Yan Mao‐Cai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNovel indole amide derivatives C1‐C10 were successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis, and their molecular formulas were C14H10N6O, C13H10N4O, C16H13N3O2, C19H14N2O2, C16H11N3OS, C15H13N3O, C12H9N5O, C16H10ClN3OS, C15H17N3O2, and C13H14N2O3, respectively. The primary biological activities of these compounds were evaluated in vitro by the DPPH assay, H2O2‐induced oxidative stress injury assay, and cytotoxicity assay. The results indicated that compounds C1, C2, C4, C7, and C9 exhibited DPPH·scavenging ability, while C3, C4, C5, and C8 showed potent growth‐inhibitory activities against various human tumor cells, including MDA‐MB‐231, Hela, A549, and HT29. Interestingly, compound C4 showed potent scavenging effects on the DPPH radical and possessed protective effect on H2O2‐induced oxidative stress injury in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells at low concentrations; however, C4 exhibited significant toxicity against four human tumor cells at a higher concentration in all treatments, and the range of IC50 value was 7.91 to 13.35 μM.
Is there any link between vitamin D deficiency and vasovagal syncope?
Authors: Usalp Songül , Kemal Hatice , Yüksek Ümit , Yaman Belma , Günsel Aziz , Edebal Oğuzhan , Akpınar Onur , Cerit Levent , Duygu Hamza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate serum 25[OH]D levels between patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS) diagnosed with head‐up tilt table test (HUTT) and age‐matched healthy people.MethodsThe study included 75 consecutive patients (32.3 ± 10.7 years), who presented with syncope and underwent HUTT and 52 healthy controls (32.9 ± 14.1 years). HUTT patients were divided into two groups according to whether there was syncope response to the test. Patients underwent cardiac, psychiatric, and neurological investigation. Serum 25[OH]D levels were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method.ResultsThere was no difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), echocardiographic findings (P > .05). Mean serum 25[OH]D (24.5 ± 6.3 vs 20.1 ± 8.8 ng/mL, P = .003) and vitamin B12 levels (436.4 ± 199.2 vs 363.1 ± 107.6 pg/mL, P = .009) was lower in syncope patients when compared to the control group. In correlation analyses, syncope was shown as correlated with the vitamin D (r = −264, P = .003) and vitamin B12 levels (r = −233, P = .009). But, multivariate regression analyses showed that only vitamin D increased risk of syncope [OR: 0.946, 95% CI (0.901‐0.994)]. There was no difference in terms of age, gender, BMI, echocardiographic findings between the in HUTT positive (n = 45) and negative groups (n = 29). Only vitamin D level was significantly lower in HUTT positive group (17.5 ± 7.7 vs 24.4 ± 9.1 ng/mL, P = .002). There was no difference among in the vasovagal subgroups in terms of vitamin D level and other features.ConclusionVitamin D and B12 levels were reasonably low in syncope patients, but especially low Vitamin D levels were associated with VVS diagnosed in HUTT.
Cationic Bottlebrush Polymers from Quaternary Ammonium Macromonomers by Grafting‐Through Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Senkum Hathaithep , Gramlich William M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCationic bottlebrush homopolymers are polymerized using a grafting‐through approach by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to afford well‐defined polymers. Quaternary ammonium macromonomers (MMs) are prepared by quaternizing tertiary amine MMs synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The quaternary ammonium MMs undergo ROMP to target molecular weights (Mn = 30 000–100 000 g mol−1) and a low dispersity (Đ = 1.10–1.30). Halide‐ligand exchange between the third generation Grubbs catalyst (G3) and halide counter ions (bromide and iodide ions) of MMs changes the catalyst activity throughout ROMP, causing it to deviate from pseudo‐first order kinetic behavior; however, the polymerization still follows controlled behavior without significant catalyst termination. Increasing steric bulk of the MMs decreases the polymerization rate as well. Amphiphilic block copolymers are synthesized by sequential polymerization of quaternary ammonium MMs and polystyrene (PS) MMs. Using a PS macroinitiator affords block copolymers with lower Đ values as compared to the less active cationic macroinitiator.
Carboxylic Acid Enriched Porous Organic Polymer as a Platform for Highly Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yan Kun‐Yun , Chen Jia‐Yi , Li Xin‐Yu , Wang Qiang , Kuang Gui‐Chao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo develop highly efficient organic dyes adsorbents are of great importance for environmental issues. In this work, a negatively charged porous organic polymer (POP) is synthesized by simple aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) and hydrolysis reaction. This polymer POP‐TFP‐COOH structure is confirmed by IR and 13C cross‐polarization/magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Due to the existence of phenyl rings and carboxylic acid groups, POP‐TFP‐COOH displays excellent adsorption ability for the positive dye methylene blue (MB), with a maximum value of 2740 mg g−1. This porous polymer can be reused at least four times without obvious loss of its adsorption capacity.
Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces brain metastasis via SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis and protecting blood‐brain barrier
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Liangdong , Zhou Changshuai , Chen Xin , Cao Yiqun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBrain metastasis is a leading cause of death worldwide, but the mechanism involved remains unclear. Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1)/C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling has been reported to induce the directed metastasis of cancers, and adenosine A2A receptor activation suppresses the SDF‐1/CXCR4 interaction. However, whether A2A receptor activation implicates the SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling pathway and thus modulates brain metastasis remains unclear. In this study, Western blot was performed to evaluate the protein levels. Cell invasion and migration assays were used to estimate the metastasis ability of PC‐9 cells. The viability of cells was demonstrated by lactate dehydrogenase and cell proliferation assays. And the findings in vitro were further identified in nude mice. Notably, adenosine A2A receptor activation inhibited the proliferation and viability of PC‐9 cells and thus suppressed the brain metastasis. A2A receptor stimulation protected the function of blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The suppression of brain metastasis and the protection of BBB by A2A receptor relied on SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling, and treatment using A2A receptor agonist and CXCR4 antagonist protected the nude mice from malignancy metastasis in vivo. Adenosine A2A receptor activation suppressed the brain metastasis by implicating the SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis and protecting the BBB.
Replication‐Based Rearrangements Are a Common Mechanism for SNCA Duplication in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Seo Soo Hyun , Bacolla Albino , Yoo Dallah , Koo Yoon Jung , Cho Sung Im , Kim Man Jin , Seong Moon‐Woo , Kim Han‐Joon , Kim Jong‐Min , Tainer John A. , Park Sung Sup , Kim Ji Yeon , Jeon Beomseok 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSNCA multiplication is a genomic cause of familial PD, showing dosage‐dependent toxicity. Until now, nonallelic homologous recombination was suggested as the mechanism of SNCA duplication, based on various types of repetitive elements found in the spanning region of the breakpoints. However, the sequence at the breakpoint was analyzed only for 1 case.ObjectivesWe have analyzed the breakpoint sequences of 6 patients with PD who had duplicated SNCA using whole‐genome sequencing data to elucidate the mechanism of SNCA duplication.MethodsSix patient samples with SNCA duplication underwent whole‐genome sequencing. The duplicated regions were defined with nucleotide‐resolution breakpoints, which were confirmed by junction polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. The search for potential non‐B DNA‐forming sequences and stem‐loop structure predictions was conducted.ResultsDuplicated regions ranged from the smallest region of 718.3 kb to the largest one of 4,162 kb. Repetitive elements were found at 8 of the 12 breakpoint sequences on each side of the junction, but none of the pairs shared overt homologies. Five of these six junctions had microhomologies (2–4 bp) at the breakpoint, and a short stretch of sequences was inserted in 3 cases. All except one junction were located within or next to stem‐loop structures.ConclusionOur study has determined that homologous recombination mechanisms involving repetitive elements are not the main cause of the duplication of SNCA. The presence of microhomology at the junctions and their position within stem‐loop structures suggest that replication‐based rearrangements may be a common mechanism for SNCA amplification. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society