bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Fast and Slow
Authors: Croskerry Pat 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this case, an elderly female presents to the emergency department with a complaint of shoulder sprain that occurred while she was mowing her lawn earlier in the day. She is assumed to have a minor injury and is seen and assessed in the fast-track area. This first visit is an example of patient cueing leading to triage cueing, confirmation bias, and ultimately misdiagnosis. She returns later the same day, at which time the correct diagnosis is made. The case provides an opportunity to examine the influence of fatigue and important diurnal influences on decision making.
Structure of the self-gravitating accretion discs in the presence of outflow
Authors: Ghanbarnejad Hanifeh , Ghasemnezhad Maryam 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Numerical simulations of self-gravitating accretion discs have shown that the evolution of such systems depends strongly on the rate at which it cools. In this work, we study the vertical structure of the self-gravitating accretion discs and also investigate the effect of the cooling rate on the latitudinal structure of such accretion discs. In the spherical coordinates, we write the hydrodynamics equations and simplify the basic equations based on the assumptions of axisymmetric and steady state. We use the self-similar method for solving the equations in the radial direction and we find proper boundary conditions. We find inflow–outflow solutions by considering the meridional component of the velocity field. In order to formulate the cooling term in energy equation, we introduce the new parameter β as a free constant that is the cooling time-scale in units of the dynamical time-scale. Our numerical solutions show that the thickness of the disc decreases with smaller β (or increasing the cooling term in energy equation) and it makes the disc colder and outflows form in the regions with lower latitude. So by increasing the cooling rate in the disc, the regions which belong to inflow decrease.
The initial evolution of millisecond magnetars: an analytical solution
Authors: Çıkıntoğlu S , Şaşmaz Muş S , Ekşi K Yavuz 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Millisecond magnetars are often invoked as the central engine of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), specifically the ones showing a plateau phase. We argue that an apparent plateau phase may not be realized if the magnetic field of the nascent magnetar is in a transient rapid decay stage. Some GRBs that lack a clear plateau phase may also be hosting millisecond magnetars. We present an approximate analytical solution of the coupled set of equations describing the evolution of the angular velocity and the inclination angle between rotation and magnetic axes of a neutron star in the presence of a corotating plasma. We also show how the solution can be generalized to the case of evolving magnetic fields. We determine the evolution of the spin period, inclination angle, magnetic dipole moment, and braking index of six putative magnetars associated with GRB 091018, GRB 070318, GRB 080430, GRB 090618, GRB 110715A, and GRB 140206A through fitting, via Bayesian analysis, the X-ray afterglow light curves by using our recent model. We find that within the first day following the formation of the millisecond magnetar, the inclination angle aligns rapidly, the magnetic dipole moment may decay by a few times, and the braking index varies by an order of magnitude.
MerTK inhibition decreases immune suppressive glioblastoma-associated macrophages and neoangiogenesis in glioblastoma microenvironment
Authors: Su Yu-Ting , Butler Madison , Zhang Meili , Zhang Wei , Song Hua , Hwang Lee , Tran Andy D , Bash Ryan E , Schorzman Allison N , Pang Ying , Yu Guangyang , Zamboni William C , Wang Xiaodong , Frye Stephen V , Miller Christopher Ryan , Maric Dragan , Terabe Masaki , Gilbert Mark R , Earp III Henry Shelton , Wu Jing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma-associated macrophages and microglia (GAMs) are the predominant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Activation of MerTK, a receptor tyrosine kinase, polarizes GAMs to an immunosuppressive phenotype, promoting tumor growth. Here, the role of MerTK inhibition in the glioblastoma microenvironment is investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Effects of MRX-2843 in glioblastoma microenvironment regulation were determined in vitro by cell viability, cytokine array, in vitro tube formation, Western blotting, and wound healing assays. A syngeneic GL261 orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model was used to evaluate the survival benefit of MRX-2843 treatment. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of CD206, an anti-inflammatory marker on GAMs, and angiogenesis in murine brain tumor tissues.

Results
MRX-2843 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells and decreased protein expression of phosphorylated MerTK, AKT, and ERK, which are essential for cell survival signaling. Interleukin-8 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, the pro-glioma and pro-angiogenic cytokines, were decreased by MRX-2843. Decreased vascular formation and numbers of immunosuppressive (CD206+) GAMs were observed following MRX-2843 treatment in vivo, suggesting that in addition to alleviating immunosuppression, MRX-2843 also inhibits neoangiogenesis in the glioma microenvironment. These results were supported by a prolonged survival in the syngeneic mouse orthotopic GL261 glioblastoma model following MRX-2843 treatment.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that MRX-2843 has a therapeutic benefit via promoting GAM polarization away from immunosuppressive condition, inhibiting neoangiogenesis in the glioblastoma microenvironment and inducing tumor cell death.
New timing measurement results of 16 pulsars
Authors: Liu Jie , Yan Zhen , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Huang Zhi-Peng , Zhao Ru-Shuang , Wu Ya-Jun , Yuan Jian-Ping , Wu Xin-Ji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A pulsar’s position, proper motion, and parallax are important parameters in timing equations. It is challenging to fit astrometric parameters accurately through pulsar timing, especially for pulsars that show irregular timing properties. With the fast development of related techniques, it is possible to measure astrometric parameters of more and more pulsars in a model-independent manner with very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI). In this work we select 16 normal pulsars, whose parallax and proper motion have not been successfully fitted with timing observations or show obvious differences from the corresponding latest VLBI solutions, and do further studies on their timing properties. After updating the astrometric parameters in pulsar ephemerides with the latest VLBI measurements, we derive the latest rotation solutions of these pulsars with observation data in the S and C bands obtained from the Shanghai Tian Ma Radio Telescope. Compared with the spin frequency ν inferred from previous rotation solutions, the newly fitted ν show differences larger than 10−9 Hz for most pulsars. The contribution of the Shklovsky effect to the period derivative $\dot{P}$ can be properly removed by taking advantage of the accurate proper motion and distance of target pulsars measured by VLBI astrometry. This further leads to a precise estimate of the intrinsic characteristic age τc. The differences between the newly measured τc and corresponding previous results are as large as 2% for some pulsars. VLBI astrometric parameter solutions also lead to better measurements of timing irregularities. For PSR B0154+61, the glitch epoch (MJD 58279.5) measured with a previous ephemeris is about 13 d later than the result (MJD 58266.4) obtained with VLBI astrometric parameter solutions.
Electroencephalography During Nociceptive Stimulation in Chronic Pain Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lenoir Dorine , Willaert Ward , Coppieters Iris , Malfliet Anneleen , Ickmans Kelly , Nijs Jo , Vonck Kristl , Meeus Mira , Cagnie Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith its high temporal resolution, electroencephalography (EEG), a technique that records electrical activity of cortical neuronal cells, is a potentially suitable technique to investigate human somatosensory processing. By using EEG, the processing of (nociceptive) stimuli can be investigated, along with the functionality of the nociceptive pathway. Therefore, it can be applied in chronic pain patients to objectify whether changes have occurred in nociceptive processing. Typically, so-called event-related potential (ERP) recordings are used, where EEG signals are recorded in response to specific stimuli and characterized by latency and amplitude.ObjectiveTo summarize whether differences in somatosensory processing occur between chronic pain patients and healthy controls, measured with ERPs, and determine whether this response is related to the subjective pain intensity.DesignSystematic review.Setting and MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were consulted, and 18 case–control studies were finally included.SubjectsThe chronic pain patients suffered from tension-type headache, back pain, migraine, fibromyalgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, prostatitis, or complex regional pain syndrome.ResultsChronic neuropathic pain patients showed increased latencies of the N2 and P2 components, along with a decreased amplitude of the N2-P2 complex, which was also obtained in FM patients with small fiber dysfunction. The latter also showed a decreased amplitude of the N2-P3 and N1-P1 complex. For the other chronic pain patients, the latencies and the amplitudes of the ERP components did not seem to differ from healthy controls. One paper indicated that the N2-P3 peak-to-peak amplitude correlates with the subjective experience of the stimulus.ConclusionsDifferences in ERPs with healthy controls can mostly be found in chronic pain populations that suffer from neuropathic pain or where fiber dysfunction is present. In chronic pain populations with other etiological mechanisms, limited differences were found or agreed upon across studies.
The Associations Between CYP2D6*10 C188T Polymorphism and Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes of Tramadol: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Qing-Hua , Zhang Zheng , Cai Wen-Ke , Lin Xiao-Qian , He Gong-Hao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTramadol is one of the most extensively used centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesics. Recently, a number of studies have explored the associations of the CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism with pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes of tramadol. However, the results of these previous reports remain controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was needed to reach a consensus.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify eligible studies that explored the influence of the CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism on clinical outcomes of tramadol through April 2019. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were comprehensively reviewed by two independent evaluators. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsA total of nine studies involving 809 related subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between CYP2D6*10 C188T mutation and longer serum tramadol half-lives, larger AUC0-∞, and the slower clearance rate of tramadol. In addition, we also found that CYP2D6*10 C188T had effects on the pharmacokinetic parameters of the metabolite of tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol, by sensitive analysis. Furthermore, CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism was associated with higher visual analog scale score, loading dose, and total consumption of tramadol. There was no significant association between CYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism and postoperative nausea and vomiting.ConclusionsCYP2D6*10 C188T polymorphism had a significant influence on tramadol pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect, but there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that this polymorphism was associated with incidence of nausea and vomiting.
Using a Narrative Practice Approach to Understand In-Depth Experiences of Individuals Coping with Chronic Pain
Authors: Lew Yuen Foong Henry , Xin Xiao Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveCurrent psychological interventions to enhance management of chronic pain report small to moderate effects. There is a need to explore the experiences and coping of individuals with chronic pain in depth and expand beyond current knowledge paradigms to enhance psychological interventions. The current literature recommends narrative practice as a qualitative approach in a group to facilitate sharing of knowledge on coping with chronic pain. Therefore, we conducted group sessions incorporating narrative practice to explore the experiences of individuals coping with chronic pain.DesignWe explored the experiences of 11 individuals coping with chronic pain from two group sessions that incorporated narrative practice. Themes emerging from participants’ sharing were triangulated from interview transcripts, field notes, and participants’ response worksheets. Data analysis adopted thematic analysis and narrative practice approaches.ResultsThemes on coping found include “refocusing,” “distraction,” “inspiration and perspective taking,” and “acknowledgement of skills, knowledge, and attitude.” “Distraction” and “refocusing” complimented one another. This provided a new perspective, in contrast to current research that views both as mutually exclusive. Social environmental factors were found to help participants share existing coping methods of “connection,” “deepen perspective,” “inspiration and perspective taking,” and “acknowledgement of skill, knowledge and attitude.” The possible relationships between the themes also provided support to the theoretical foundations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Results suggest that adopting a narrative practice sequence helped individuals to acknowledge chronic pain experiences and facilitated their identification of ways to cope.ConclusionsNarrative practice identified themes of coping that can inform clinical practice. Narrative practice is indicated as a feasible and acceptable research and clinical approach for individuals with chronic pain.
ESTIMATION OF HUMAN DOSE OF 188/186RE-HEDP COCKTAIL BASED ON OLINDA/EXM AND DISTRIBUTION DATA IN RATS
Authors: Pourhabib Zahra , Ranjbar Hassan , Bahrami Samani Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
188Re and 186Re are two applicable rhenium medical radioisotopes with complementary features that make them beneficial for different sizes of tumours. The aim of this study is to investigate 188/186Re-HEDP efficacy as a cocktail by calculating absorbed radiation dose in human organs based on biodistribution data obtained by injecting it to normal rats. Three rats were sacrificed at different time intervals and the percentage of injected dose per gram of each organ was measured by direct counting from rat data. By calculating accumulated activities in each organ and extrapolating rat data to human data by the radiation dose assessment resource method and by using OLINDA/EXM software, the injected dose in various human organs was obtained. The calculated absorbed dose showed that the 188/186Re-HEDP has noticeable properties that can be more helpful in comparison with using each of the rhenium radioisotopes separately.
Using low-moisture molasses-based blocks to supplement Ca salts of soybean oil to forage-fed beef cows
Authors: Brandão Alice Poggi , Cooke Reinaldo F , Schubach Kelsey M , Colombo Eduardo A , Scatolin Giovanna N , Rett Bruna , Jump Donald B , Pohler Ky G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This experiment compared plasma fatty acid (FA) profile of forage-fed beef cows receiving a molasses-based supplement enriched with Ca salts of soybean oil [CSSO; 24.7% of dry matter (DM)] via a self-fed low-moisture block (LMB) or hand-fed granular concentrate daily (CONC). Thirty-six nonlactating, nonpregnant, multiparous beef cows were blocked by age (three blocks), ranked within blocks by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), and allocated to 1 of three drylot pens (27 × 10 m) per block. Nine pens with four cows each were enrolled in a replicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with two periods of 42 d, and a 21-d washout interval. On day 0, pens within each block were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments, in a manner that pens did not receive the same treatment in both periods (total n = 6 pens per treatment). Cows received hay (Cynodon dactylon), water, and a mineral–vitamin mix for ad libitum consumption during the study. Hay intake was recorded daily from days 0 to 42, and LMB intake was recorded from days 14 to 42 to allow cows to adapt to supplement with minimal interference from days 0 to 13. The CONC was offered at 0.420 kg/cow daily (DM basis) from days 0 to 13 and then adjusted (days 14 to 42) to match LMB intake. Cow BW and BCS were recorded, and blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28, and 42. Average LMB intake during the initial 13 d was 0.846 ± 0.107 kg/cow daily (DM basis). Supplement DM intake did not differ (P = 0.39) between LMB and CONC cows from days 14 to 42 as designed (0.570 vs. 0.583 kg/d, respectively; SEM = 0.011), despite a greater variation in daily intake of LMB vs. CONC (treatment × day interaction; P &lt; 0.01). No treatments effects were noted (P ≥ 0.40) for hay intake, BCS, and BW. Treatment × day interactions were detected (P ≤ 0.01) for plasma concentrations of ω-6 polyunsaturated FA and total FA. On day 0, plasma FA profile did not differ (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. From days 14 to 42, plasma concentrations of linoleic acid, ω-6 polyunsaturated FA, and total FA were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in CONC and LMB vs. NOSUPP cows. Plasma concentrations of these FA were also greater (P ≤ 0.03) in LMB vs. CONC cows on day 14, but did not differ (P ≥ 0.35) on days 28 and 42. These results indicate that CSSO inclusion into LMB resulted in similar incorporation of ω-6 polyunsaturated and total FA in the circulation compared with CONC offered at the same daily rate. Hence, the use of self-fed LMB appears to be a valid strategy to provide CSSO to forage-fed beef cattle with reduced labor needs.
Race, Archival Silences, and a Black Footballer Between the Wars
Authors: Johnes Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The relative absence of colour in archival sources has led the British historiography of race to concentrate too much on the reactions of white Britons and not enough on black experiences. With some notable exceptions, this has created an analytical emphasis on racism and discrimination rather than the agency of black men and women to resist prejudices and live meaningful lives. This article explores the life of Welsh footballer Eddie Parris in order to investigate the working-class black experience in interwar Britain. It acts as a reminder of the importance of thinking of people of colour in early-twentieth-century Britain as individuals rather than just as a racialized category. Nonetheless, notions of racial difference were so pervasive that race was never irrelevant for their lives. The task for the historian is to acknowledge and investigate the impact of these ideas without letting them push aside the actual people within them.
α-Linolenic and γ-linolenic acids exercise differential antitumor effects on HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: González-Fernández María José , Ortea Ignacio , Guil-Guerrero José Luis 
Published: June 2020

Abstractα-Linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and γ-gamma linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that improve the human health. The present study focused on testing the in vitro antitumor actions of pure ALA and GLA on the HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell line. Cell viability was checked by MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, cell membrane damage by the lactate dehydrogenase assay, apoptosis was tested by both caspase-3 activity trial and transmission electron microscopy images, and protein composition was analyzed by quantitative proteomics analysis. MTT test revealed IC50 values of 230 and 255 μM for ALA and GLA, respectively, at 72 h. After 24 h of incubation, both ALA and GLA induced apoptosis on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells according to the caspase-3 assay and microscopy images. SWATH/MS analysis evidenced that ALA significantly affected the mitochondrial protein import pathway and the citric acid cycle pathway, while GLA did not significantly affect any particular pathway. In summary, both ALA and GLA showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on HT-29 cells viability and induced cell death by apoptosis. ALA significantly affected cellular pathways, while GLA does not have specific actions on either pathway. Both n-3 and n-6 C18 PUFA are bioactive food components useful in the colorectal cancer prevention.
Effect of Mailed Human Papillomavirus Test Kits vs Usual Care Reminders on Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake, Precancer Detection, and Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Winer Rachel L. , Lin John , Tiro Jasmin A. , Miglioretti Diana L. , Beatty Tara , Gao Hongyuan , Kimbel Kilian , Thayer Chris , Buist Diana S. M. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2019;2(11):e1914729)
Greater than 50% of the 12,000 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed annually in the United States are in underscreened women. The US Preventative Task Force issued updated cervical cancer screening guidelines in 2018, suggesting the addition of primary human papillomavirus (HPV)–only screening to Papanicolaou testing alone and Papanicolaou and HPV cotesting for women aged 30 to 65 years.
Syndemics of HIV with mental illness and other noncommunicable diseases: a research agenda to address the gap between syndemic theory and current research practice
Authors: Bhardwaj Anvita , Kohrt Brandon A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to summarize the status of syndemic research on HIV and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) to identify opportunities for improving research to benefit prevention and treatment of NCDs among persons living with HIV.

Recent findings
The majority of research on syndemics of HIV and NCDs has been conducted in the United States, with few studies in low and middle-income countries. The substance abuse, violence, and AIDS syndemic model was used by a quarter of the studies, however, most other studies failed to outline a syndemic model for interpreting their findings. Mental illnesses were the dominant NCD (15 out of 16 studies), and only one study explored physical health NCDs.

Summary
Recent studies referring to syndemics of HIV and NCDs often do not meet criteria for a syndemic framework. Future research needs to assure minimum criteria are met: articulation of two or more health conditions, descriptions of social/geographic context that impact the relationship among these conditions, a syndemic model with proposed mechanisms for interaction in the particular social/geographic context, and a population or context without the observed syndemic. Expanding the current syndemic research beyond the United States context and beyond mental illness also would enrich the field.