bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of aerobic exercise on conditioned pain modulation and manipulation induced analgesia in people with lateral epicondylalgia: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Muhsen Ahmad , Moss Penny , Gibson William , Walker Bruce , Jacques Angela , Schug Stephan , Wright Anthony 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Exercise has been shown to reduce pain sensitivity. It is unclear whether exercise can also potentiate the endogenous analgesia and reduction in pain sensitivity produced by conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and manipulation induced analgesia (MIA).Objectives: To determine whether aerobic exercise potentiates CPM and MIA and to investigate associations between exercise induced analgesia, CPM and MIA.Design: Parallel randomised, controlled trial using computer-generated randomisation to allocate interventions. Methods: A gender-stratified convenience sample included 68 participants with lateral epicondylalgia (LE) from Perth, Western Australia, recruited between October 2017 and June 2018. Participants were allocated to receive either moderate intensity aerobic exercise (control condition, n=34) or high intensity aerobic exercise (active condition, n=34) for 15 minutes on two separate test sessions, with a three-day rest in between. Exercise intensity was determined based on age-related target heart rate (HR) corresponding to 50% and 75% of maximum HR respectively. Following aerobic exercise, participants were immediately assessed for CPM or MIA response, one on each test day, in a random order. A blinded assessor measured pressure pain thresholds (PPT), the main outcome measure, at the elbow and ipsilateral wrist to evaluate CPM and MIA. Data were analysed using linear mixed models, partial correlations, and univariate regression. Results: All participants showed significant increases in PPT at both test sites (p<0.001). The high intensity exercise group demonstrated higher levels of CPM and MIA at both test sites (p<0.001). There were large and positive partial correlations between CPM/MIA and the initial change in PPT following exercise (CPM (r:0.90–0.93, p<0.001)/MIA (r:0.68–0.86, p<0.001)). The change in PPT following aerobic exercise was a significant predictor of both CPM (adjusted R2:92%-95%) and MIA (adjusted R2:73%-93%) response. Conclusion: An acute bout of high intensity aerobic exercise significantly enhanced the analgesic effect of CPM and MIA in people with LE. CPM and MIA may activate similar descending inhibitory mechanisms to mediate their analgesic effects.Trial registration: Prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on 9/02/2017: ACTRN12617000219381, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372232
CircPVT1 Promotes Bladder Cancer&nbsp;Progression by Acting as a ceRNA for miR-140-3p&nbsp;to Target TRPS1
Authors: Chi Bao-Jin , Sun Yao , Zhao Jin-tao , Bi Sheng , Wang Shu-Qiu , Huang Liang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most malignancy tumor in the urinary system. Therefore, further studies are needed to revealed the molecular mechanism of BC progression and development. Previous study demonstrated that the deregulation of circRNAs can regulate cell biological functions in tumorigenesis and development. However, the roles of circPVT1 in BC have not yet been revealed. Materials and methods: The expression level of circPVT1, miR-140-3p, and TRPS1 were measured by RT-PCR in BC tissues and cells; dual luciferase reporter and RIP assay showed that circRNA served as a sponge for miRNA, and miRNA could target mRNA. In vitro, effects of overexpression circPVT1 or sh-circPVT1 can regulate BC cells’ proliferation, migration, invasion were detected by CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Results: Our research demonstrated that the expression of circPVT1 was upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines, and increased in metastatic tissues compared to that of non-metastatic tissues. CircPVT1 sponging miR-140-3p to target TRPS1 was revealed by dual luciferase reporter and RIP assay. In addition, the expression level of miR-140-3p was reduced in BC tumor tissues, and TRPS1 was significantly increased in BC tumor tissues. Pearson correlation analysis showed that miR-140-3p with circPVT1 and TRPS1 as compare with miR-140-3p have a moderately negative correlation, and there was a moderately positive correlation between circPVT1 with TRPS1. Further, cytological studies found that circPVT1 enhance BC cells’ proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting TRPS1 via miR-140-3p. Conclusion: CircPVT1 plays a tumor enhancement role in BC and that can effectively promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT by targeting the miR-140-3p/TRPS1 axis. CircPVT1 may be a novel potential treatment and diagnosis biomarker in BC.
Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries
Authors: Rakau Kebareng G. , Nyaga Martin M. , Gededzha Maemu P. , Mwenda Jason M. , Mphahlele M. Jeffrey , Seheri L. Mapaseka , Steele Duncan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: G12 rotaviruses were first observed in sub-Saharan Africa in 2004 and since then have continued to emerge and spread across the continent and are reported as a significant human rotavirus genotype in several African countries, both prior to and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. This study investigated the genetic variability of 15 G12 rotavirus strains with either P[6] or P[8] identified between 2010 and 2014 from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia.Methods: The investigation was carried out by comparing VP7 and partial VP4 sequences of the African G12P[6] and G12P[8] strains with the available GenBank sequences and mapping the recognized neutralization epitopes of these strains.Results: The findings suggested that the VP7 and VP4 genes of the G12 strains circulating in African countries are homologous at the nucleotide and amino acid level, irrespective of country of origin and year of detection, although there was a unique clustering of the Ethiopian strains. The study strains shared a common ancestry with G12 strains circulating globally. Neutralization epitope mapping revealed that rotavirus VP4 P[8] genes associated with G12 had amino acids similar to those reported globally including the vaccines RotaTeq® P[8] and Rotarix®.Conclusions: It is unlikely that widespread vaccine use has driven the molecular evolution and sustainability of G12 strains in Africa. Furthermore, it is too early post vaccine introduction to indicate any effect of vaccine-induced pressure on maintaining the stability of these strains in circulation. Continuous monitoring of rotavirus genotypes is recommended to assess the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on the dynamic nature of rotavirus evolution on the continent.
Initial Evidence of Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Domiciliation in Havana City, Cuba 1995-2018.
Authors: Fernández María del Carmen Marquetti , Castillo Magaly , Peraza Iris , Milian Maricely , Molina Roberto , Leyva Maureen , Bisset Juan A. , Vanlerberghe Veerle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Various arboviruses are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, two invasive and frequently sympatric species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of Ae. albopictus with regards to houses and association with other mosquitoes in Havana province. Methods. All deposits containing water in the houses and vacant lots of urban and peri urban municipalities of the province Havana were sampled during two periods: the first 1995 – 1999 and the second 2010-2018. Results. Patterns in the presence of Ae. albopictus in the study area were observed: the persistent absence of Ae. albopictus in one municipality; in two municipalities, starting from an absence in the first period to a rapid dispersion in the following period; and a sustained decrease in the dispersion of Ae. albopictus in two other municipalities. The association of Ae. albopictus with other mosquitoes smaller in the peripheral municipalities, although being the ones with the greatest presence of Ae. albopictus. However overall, we found an increase in this association when comparing the period 2010-2018 with the first period since its introduction in Havana. Inside the houses, Ae albopictus was present in 8% (2016) to 21.5% (2013) with an average of 15%, which evidences an initial domiciliation of the species.Conclusions. The results obtained in this work show an initiation of domiciliation of Ae albopictus in the urban area of Havana province. This is important to alert the National Control Program to strengthen the entomological monitoring of Ae. albopictus, and not only Ae. aegypti. The follow up of this domiciliation is important to guide control efforts, knowing its role as a vector of different arboviruses.
Tinnitus in Noise Exposed Workers
Authors: Bai Lu , Yu Jianping , Du Hong , Shen Zhuang , Yang Hongyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Tinnitus in noise exposed workers is worse, which seriously affects the normal life and work. Workers with tinnitus often complain that even going to see the doctor is ineffective. They think tinnitus is caused by occupational noise exposure, which makes tinnitus worse. To find the truth the investigation and analysis of tinnitus including reason, treatment and effect and hearing level was proceeded among all noise-exposed workers in railway transportation mechanical manufacturers in Beijing in 2015.
Methods

Cross-section study was conducted. 519 noise-exposed workers were selected as exposed group, 515 non noise-exposed workers were selected as control group. Self-designed questionnaire was used in the way of face-to-face to get subjects’ information including social statistical data, occupational history, past history and living habits.
Results

The incidence of tinnitus was 36.6% among noise-exposed workers, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 = 40.725, P < 0.05). Meanwhile the incidence of seeing the doctor was 15.8%. The incidence of tinnitus was significantly different in different subgroups of exposed group (χ2 = 6.072, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between using earphones and tinnitus (P > 0.05). In the exposed group the incidence of hearing abnormal in workers with tinnitus was significantly higher than those without tinnitus (χ2 = 18.570, P < 0.05).
Conclusions

Right knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) would be helpful for workers with tinnitus. Occupational health education and supervision of noise-exposed workers should be further strengthened in this industry. Personal protection should be enhanced so as to improve occupational health.
Treatment Outcomes of Retinal Vein Occlusion in Clinical Practice in Nepal
Authors: BHANDARI SANJEEB , Poudel Manish , Paudyal Indira , Joshi Pratibha Lama , Shrestha Chunu , Paudyal Govinda , Pradhan Eli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the treatment outcomes of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in a routine clinical practice in Nepal. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of observational data of patients with RVO who attended the retina clinic of the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology from 1 November 2017 to 31 October 2018. The main outcome was the mean change in visual acuity (VA) at 12 months from the start of treatment. Other outcomes of interest were the mean change in central subfield thickness (CST) and the number of treatments over 12 months. Results: A total of 99 eyes (of 99 patients) with RVO (60 - branch RVO [BRVO] and 39 - central RVO [CRVO] were available for the analysis. Eyes with CRVO had worse VA and CST at baseline. Eyes in both groups were similar for age, associated factors for RVO, duration of vision loss and the presence of ischemia at baseline. The mean (95% Confidence Interval [CI]) VA change at 12 months for BRVO was -0.35 (-0.46, -0.23) logMAR (p < 0.001) from a mean (SD) of 0.75 (0.42) logMAR at baseline with 63% achieving VA < 0.3 logMAR while for CRVO it was -0.35 (-0.46, -0.23) logMAR (p = 0.19) from 1.13 (0.61) logMAR at baseline and VA < 0.3 logMAR in 36%. The mean (95% CI) change in CST over 12 months was -114 (-189, -40) µm (p = 0.003) from a mean (SD) of 423 (151) µm at baseline for BRVO and -184(-276, -91) µm (p < 0.001) from 519 (213) µm for CRVO. Patients in both groups received a median of 2 bevacizumab injections over 12 months. Around 37% eyes were lost before 12 months’ observation. The mean VA and CST trajectory in these eyes at their last visit was similar to those that completed 12 months. Conclusion: The outcomes of RVO are inferior and the number of treatments over the 12 months fewer than those of clinical trials and other reports from routine clinical practice. Future studies to identify the barriers for undertreatment in our practice are warranted to improve the treatment outcomes.
Prevalence and correlates of multiple non-communicable diseases risk factors among adults in Sudan: Results of the first national STEPS survey in 2016
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of multiple NCD risk factors among adults in Sudan.
Methods

Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 7,722 18–69 year-old individuals (median age = 36 years) that took part in the “2016 Sudan STEPS survey.”
Results

The prevalence of individual NCD risk factors was 94.6% inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, followed by hypertension (31.6%), general overweight/obesity (28.0%), low physical activity (21.3%), current tobacco use (15.7%), raised total cholesterol (13.6%), diabetes (5.9%), and heavy episodic drinking (1.7%). In all, 34.2% had 0–1 NCD risk factor, 33.5% 2 risk factors, and 32.4% 3 or more NCD risk factors. In adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis, compared to individuals 18–34 years old, persons 50–69 years old were 3.52 times (AOR: 3.52, 95% CI: 2.88–4.31) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Men were 21% (AOR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00-1.46) more likely than women to have multiple NCD risk factors. Individuals residing in urban areas were 86% (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.49–2.32) more likely than individuals residing in rural areas to have multiple NCD risk factors, and compared to persons never married, married participants and persons separated, divorced or widowed persons were 51% (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22–1.87) and 74% (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22–2.47), respectively, more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to persons with less than 500 pounds household income, persons with over 2000 pounds household income were 75% (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28–2.38) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to women who cannot read or write, women who had more than primary education were 38% (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06–1.80) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to men who were self-employed, engaged in non-paid work, were students or unemployed (able to work), government employees, non-government employees, retired or unemployed (unable to work) had a significantly higher odds of having multiple NCD risk factors.
Conclusion

Almost one in three participants had three or more NCD risk factors and several associated variables were identified that can facilitate in designing intervention programmes.
Protocol for an economic evaluation and budget impact assessment of a randomised, stepped-wedge controlled trial for practice change support to increase routine provision of antenatal care for maternal alcohol consumption
Authors: Reeves Penny , Szewczyk Zoe , Kingsland Melanie , Doherty Emma , Elliott Elizabeth , Dunlop Adrian , Searles Andrew , Wiggers John 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Antenatal clinical practice guidelines recommend routine assessment of women’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The delivery of advice and referral when necessary are also recommended. However, evidence suggests there are barriers to the uptake of best-care guidelines. Effective, cost-effective and affordable implementation strategies are needed to ensure the intended benefit of guidelines are realized through addressing identified barriers. This paper describes the protocol for evaluating the efficiency and affordability of a practice change intervention compared to usual practice in an implementation trial.
Methods
The effectiveness of the intervention will be evaluated in a stepped-wedge randomised controlled implementation trial, conducted in an Australian setting. An economic evaluation will be conducted alongside the trial to assess intervention efficiency. Budget impact assessment will be conducted to assess affordability. The prospective trial-based economic evaluation will identify, measure and value key resource and outcome impacts arising from the multi-strategy practice change intervention compared with usual practice. The evaluation will comprise: (i) a cost-consequence analyses, where a score card approach will be used to show the costs and benefits given the multiple primary outcomes included in the trial; and (ii) a cost effectiveness analyses, where the primary outcome will be incremental cost per percent increase in participants reporting receipt of antenatal care for maternal alcohol consumption consistent with guideline recommendations. Intervention affordability will be evaluated using budget impact assessment and will estimate the financial implications of adoption and diffusion of this implementation strategy from the perspective of relevant fund-holders. Results will be extrapolated to estimate the cost and cost-effectiveness of rolling out the model of care.
Discussion
Uptake of clinical guidelines requires practice change support. It is hypothesized that the implementation strategy, if found to be effective, will also be cost-effective, affordable and scalable. This protocol describes the economic evaluation that will address these hypotheses.
GDF15 Promotes Corneal Neovascularization and Retinoblastoma Cell Progression via AKT/ERK Signal Pathway
Authors: Zheng Wen , Cheng Shi-liang , Li Chun-guang , Yu Miao , Li Meng , Liu Xin-feng , Li Fang-fang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: We performed this study to investigate the role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in corneal neovascularization and retinoblastoma cell progression and the potential mechanisms.Methods: Human retinal endothelial cell (HREC) and retinoblastoma cell line (Y79, RB116 and WERI-Rb1) were treated with recombinant human (rhGDF15, 50 ng/mL) and transfected with small interfering RNA, si-GDF15. Cell migration and proliferation were detected by Scratch assay and CCK8 assay. We performed flow cytometry to measure apoptosis. Tube formation assay for in vitro angiogenesis measurement was used. RT-PCR and western blot were applied to detect the angiogenesis-related factors expression and the level of p-AKT(Ser473), p-AKT(Thr308), AKT, p-ERK1/2(Thr202/Tyr204), and ERK1/2. Tumor growth curve was used after subcutaneous injection of Y79 cells in nude mice and rhsi-GDF15 injection into the tail vein during 21 days.Results: In retinoblastoma cell, rhGDF15 promoted Y79, RB116 and WERI-Rb1 cell migration and suppressed the level of apoptosis. The knock-down of GDF15 significantly inhibited cell migration and promoted apoptosis. In HREC, rhGDF15 increased the tube formation, the level of HIF-1α and SDF, and cell migration, compared with control group, and si-GDF15 played the opposite role. The level of p-AKT(Ser473), p-AKT(Thr308), AKT, p-ERK1/2(Thr202/Tyr204), and ERK1/2 were increased by rhGDF15 in both HREC and retinoblastoma cell lines, contrary to the results of GDF15 knock-down.Conclusion: The downregulation of GDF15 can inhibit corneal angiogenesis and the migration of retinoblastoma cells and promote their apoptosis, which could be dependent on the AKT/ERK pathway.
Effect of dobutamine on intrinsic myocardial function and myocardial apoptosis in septic rats with myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Tang Xiang-Xu , Xu Ya-Qian , Dai Xiao-Meng , Xing Yun , Yang Duo-Meng , Huang Qing-Yang , Li Hong-Mei , Lv Xiu-Xiu , Wang Yi-Yang , Lu Da-Xiang , Wang Hua-Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Dobutamine (DOB) has been recommended as the first-line inotrope for septic patients with low cardiac output, but its long-term impact on intrinsic myocardial dysfunction during sepsis remains unclear. This study investigated the long-term effect of DOB on intrinsic myocardial function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in sepsis.
Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) groups. The intrinsic myocardial function and other organ functions were measured at different time points, the inflammatory response and serum biomarkers of myocardial injury were also determined. In separate experiments, the effect of DOB (5 or 10 µg/kg) treatment on survival, intrinsic myocardial function, serum and myocardial cytokines and myocardial apoptosis were measured in septic rats.
Results

The mortality rate of septic rats was 70% on day 10 after CLP. At 6 h after CLP, the left ventricular ± dP/dt were significantly depressed, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) –α level, cardiac TNF-α, intercellular adhesion molecule and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA, and VCAM-1 protein levels were increased, but not serum cTnI, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations as well as lung wet-dry weight ratios in CLP group compared with those in sham group. At 9 h after CLP, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were higher in CLP rats than controls. At 6 h after CLP, treatment with DOB did not affect the left ventricular ± dP/dt, the levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL) − 1β and IL-6 in the serum and myocardium as well as cardiomyocyte apoptosis at 20 h after CLP. However, administration of 10.0 µg/kg DOB at 6 h after CLP significantly increased serum IL-10 level and improved survival in septic rats.
Conclusions

The intrinsic myocardial depression occurs earlier than hepatic and renal dysfunction in severe sepsis and serum cTnI, NT-proBNP and H-FABP are not suitable as an early biomarker for this kind of cardiac dysfunction. For septic rats, DOB treatment in the presence of intrinsic myocardial dysfunction neither improves myocardial function nor attenuates myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis at the later stage of sepsis.
Analysis of battle and non-battle&nbsp;traumatic renal injuries: a 6-year experience in a conflict zone in Afghanistan
Authors: Zabkowski Tomasz , Brzozowski Robert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Renal trauma occurs in 1-5% of all trauma cases [1]. The kidney is considered the most commonly injured genitourinary organ, with a male to female ratio of 3:1 [2]. Gunshot wounds are the most common causes of penetrating injuries and have the tendency to become more severe and less predictable than blunt trauma. Bullets cause destruction of the parenchyma and are often associated with multiorgan injuries [3]. Penetrating injury contributes to direct disruption of the parenchyma, collecting system, or vascular pedicle tissues.