bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das kurze Dritte Reich: Zur Frage der Kontinuität sozioökonomischer Strukturen zwischen der Weimarer Republik, dem Dritten Reich und der Bundesrepublik
Authors: Spoerer Mark 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungVor einigen Jahren stellte der Wirtschaftshistoriker Albrecht Ritschl in dieser Zeitschrift die These auf, dass die sozioökonomischen Strukturen der Bundesrepublik in stärkerem Umfang durch Pfadabhängigkeiten aus dem Dritten Reich geprägt seien als durch die bundesrepublikanische Ordnungspolitik. In diesem Artikel unterzieht Mark Spoerer diese These einer kritischen Überprüfung. Aus einer funktionalen Perspektive argumentiert er in Hinblick auf (1) die Wettbewerbsintensität, (2) den materiellen Wohlstand und dessen Verteilung sowie (3) die Produzenten- und Konsumentensouveränität, dass die frühe Bundesrepublik viel stärker durch Anknüpfung an ordnungspolitische Traditionen aus der Weimarer Zeit als durch Pfadabhängigkeiten aus dem Dritten Reich charakterisiert war.
Combined Sprint Interval, Plyometric, and Strength Training in Adolescent Soccer Players: Effects on Measures of Speed, Strength, Power, Change of Direction, and Anaerobic Capacity
Authors: Ferley Derek D. , Scholten Shane , Vukovich Matthew D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ferley, DD, Scholten, S, and Vukovich, MD. Combined sprint interval, plyometric, and strength training in adolescent soccer players: effects on measures of speed, strength, power, change of direction, and anaerobic capacity. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 957–968, 2020—During winter, many soccer players train indoors to improve the aerobic and anaerobic demands of their sport. Sprint interval training (SIT) performed on a treadmill using level and graded conditions represents a viable alternative to traditional endurance conditioning. To date, little research exists contrasting the effects of these conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation included examining the effects of 2 approaches combining SIT, plyometrics, and strength training on performance measures in soccer players aged 13–18 years over 8 weeks. Forty-six subjects were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 performed SIT using predominantly inclined treadmill conditions combined with resistance and plyometric training (INC, n = 17). Group 2 performed SIT using level treadmill grades and completed the same resistance and plyometric training (LEV, n = 14). Group 3 was a control group representing various sports who continued their normal training (CON, n = 15). Pre- and posttests assessed speed, strength, change of direction, and anaerobic capacity, including sprint speed (9.1 and 18.3 m sprint), unilateral triple hop for distance (3HOP_L and 3HOP_R), pro agility change of direction (PA); treadmill running to exhaustion on a 20% grade (CFMod), and hip flexor maximum strength (HF_1RM). After training, INC and LEV improved more in all measures compared with CON. Furthermore, INC improved significantly more compared with LEV in 9.1- and 18.3-m sprint, 3HOP_L and 3HOP_R, PA, CFMod, and HF_1RM (p < 0.05). We conclude that strength and plyometric training combined with incline-based SIT is more effective than a similar training approach using level-grade SIT.
Phase-Specific Motor Efference during a Rhythmic Motor Pattern
Authors: Alonso Ignacio , Sanchez Merlinsky Agustín , Szczupak Lidia 
Published: January 2020

Neuronal circuits that control motor behaviors orchestrate multiple tasks, including the inhibition of self-generated sensory signals. In the hermaphroditic leech, T and P mechanosensory neurons respond to light touch and pressure on the skin, respectively. We show that the low threshold T cells were also sensitive to topological changes of the animal surface, caused by contraction of the muscles that erect the skin annuli. P cells were unresponsive to this movement. Annuli erection is part of the contraction phase of crawling, a leech locomotive behavior. In isolated ganglia, T cells showed phase-dependent IPSPs during dopamine-induced fictive crawling, whereas P cells were unaffected. The timing and magnitude of the T-IPSPs were highly correlated with the activity of the motoneurons excited during the contraction phase. Together, the results suggest that the central network responsible for crawling sends a reafferent signal onto the T cells, concomitant with the signal to the motoneurons. This reafference is specifically targeted at the sensory neurons that are affected by the movements; and it is behaviorally relevant as excitation of T cells affected the rhythmic motor pattern, probably acting upon the rhythmogenic circuit. Corollary discharge is a highly conserved function of motor systems throughout evolution, and we provide clear evidence of the specificity of its targets and timing and of the benefit of counteracting self-generated sensory input.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal circuits that control motor behaviors orchestrate multiple tasks, including inhibition of sensory signals originated by the animal movement, a phenomenon known as corollary discharge. Leeches crawl on solid surfaces through a sequence of elongation and contraction movements. During the contraction, the skin topology changes, affecting a subpopulation of mechanosensory receptors, T (touch) neurons, but not P (pressure) sensory neurons. In the isolated nervous system, T neurons were inhibited during the contraction but not during the elongation phase, whereas P cells were unaffected throughout crawling. Excitation of T cells during the contraction phase temporarily disrupted the rhythmic pattern. Thus, corollary discharge was target (T vs P) and phase (contraction vs elongation) specific, and prevented self-generated signals to perturb motor behaviors.
Genome-Wide Association Study in Two Cohorts from a Multi-generational Mouse Advanced Intercross Line Highlights the Difficulty of Replication Due to Study-Specific Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhou Xinzhu , St. Pierre Celine L , Gonzales Natalia M , Zou Jennifer , Cheng Riyan , Chitre Apurva S , Sokoloff Greta , Palmer Abraham A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere has been extensive discussion of the “Replication Crisis” in many fields, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We explored replication in a mouse model using an advanced intercross line (AIL), which is a multigenerational intercross between two inbred strains. We re-genotyped a previously published cohort of LG/J x SM/J AIL mice (F34; n = 428) using a denser marker set and genotyped a new cohort of AIL mice (F39-43; n = 600) for the first time. We identified 36 novel genome-wide significant loci in the F34 and 25 novel loci in the F39-43 cohort. The subset of traits that were measured in both cohorts (locomotor activity, body weight, and coat color) showed high genetic correlations, although the SNP heritabilities were slightly lower in the F39-43 cohort. For this subset of traits, we attempted to replicate loci identified in either F34 or F39-43 in the other cohort. Coat color was robustly replicated; locomotor activity and body weight were only partially replicated, which was inconsistent with our power simulations. We used a random effects model to show that the partial replications could not be explained by Winner’s Curse but could be explained by study-specific heterogeneity. Despite this heterogeneity, we performed a mega-analysis by combining F34 and F39-43 cohorts (n = 1,028), which identified four novel loci associated with locomotor activity and body weight. These results illustrate that even with the high degree of genetic and environmental control possible in our experimental system, replication was hindered by study-specific heterogeneity, which has broad implications for ongoing concerns about reproducibility.
Interactively AUDIT Your Growth Curves with a Suite of R Packages
Authors: Coutin Nicolas P J , Giaever Guri , Nislow Corey 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bottlenecks often occur during data analysis when studying microbial growth in liquid culture at large scale. A researcher can collect thousands of growth curves, repeated measures of a microbial liquid culture, at once in multiple micro titer plates by purpose-built robotic instruments. However, it can be difficult and time-consuming to inspect and analyze these data. This is especially true for researchers without programming experience. To enable this researcher, we created and describe an interactive application: Automated Usher for Data Inspection and Tidying (AUDIT). It allows the user to analyze growth curve data generated from one or more runs each with one or more micro titer plates alongside their experimental design. AUDIT covers input, pre-processing, summarizing, visual exploration and output. Compared to previously available tools AUDIT handles more data, provides live previews and is built from individually re-usable pieces distributed as R packages.
Selective Sweeps Under Dominance and Inbreeding
Authors: Hartfield Matthew , Bataillon Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA major research goal in evolutionary genetics is to uncover loci experiencing positive selection. One approach involves finding ‘selective sweeps’ patterns, which can either be ‘hard sweeps’ formed by de novo mutation, or ‘soft sweeps’ arising from recurrent mutation or existing standing variation. Existing theory generally assumes outcrossing populations, and it is unclear how dominance affects soft sweeps. We consider how arbitrary dominance and inbreeding via self-fertilization affect hard and soft sweep signatures. With increased self-fertilization, they are maintained over longer map distances due to reduced effective recombination and faster beneficial allele fixation times. Dominance can affect sweep patterns in outcrossers if the derived variant originates from either a single novel allele, or from recurrent mutation. These models highlight the challenges in distinguishing hard and soft sweeps, and propose methods to differentiate between scenarios.
Multi-trait Genomic Prediction Model Increased the Predictive Ability for Agronomic and Malting Quality Traits in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Bhatta Madhav , Gutierrez Lucia , Cammarota Lorena , Cardozo Fernanda , Germán Silvia , Gómez-Guerrero Blanca , Pardo María Fernanda , Lanaro Valeria , Sayas Mercedes , Castro Ariel J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Plant breeders regularly evaluate multiple traits across multiple environments, which opens an avenue for using multiple traits in genomic prediction models. We assessed the potential of multi-trait (MT) genomic prediction model through evaluating several strategies of incorporating multiple traits (eight agronomic and malting quality traits) into the prediction models with two cross-validation schemes (CV1, predicting new lines with genotypic information only and CV2, predicting partially phenotyped lines using both genotypic and phenotypic information from correlated traits) in barley. The predictive ability was similar for single (ST-CV1) and multi-trait (MT-CV1) models to predict new lines. However, the predictive ability for agronomic traits was considerably increased when partially phenotyped lines (MT-CV2) were used. The predictive ability for grain yield using the MT-CV2 model with other agronomic traits resulted in 57% and 61% higher predictive ability than ST-CV1 and MT-CV1 models, respectively. Therefore, complex traits such as grain yield are better predicted when correlated traits are used. Similarly, a considerable increase in the predictive ability of malting quality traits was observed when correlated traits were used. The predictive ability for grain protein content using the MT-CV2 model with both agronomic and malting traits resulted in a 76% higher predictive ability than ST-CV1 and MT-CV1 models. Additionally, the higher predictive ability for new environments was obtained for all traits using the MT-CV2 model compared to the MT-CV1 model. This study showed the potential of improving the genomic prediction of complex traits by incorporating the information from multiple traits (cost-friendly and easy to measure traits) collected throughout breeding programs which could assist in speeding up breeding cycles.
What Type of Cavalry Did Lithuanians Use to Counter the Crusaders in the 13th Century?
Authors: Šmidtas Eligijus 
Published: January 2020

This article is dedicated to investigating the problems regarding the existence of Lithuanian cavalry in the 13th century as well as the identification of its type and its ability to counter the heavy cavalry of the West. Firstly, we analyze the validity of different opinions about the date when Lithuanians began to fight on horseback that are revealed in our historiography – that this had happened on the junction of the 13th and 14th centuries, on the second half of the 13th century, or long before the beginning of the Baltic crusade. We come to a conclusion that there is enough evidence to support the third opinion, oriented at pre-crusader times. Furthermore, we agree with the idea, soundly based in the description of the source, that these forces were light cavalry. In the second part of our article, we address attention to the peculiarity of the tactics employed by the previously mention cavalry forces: even being able to fight on horseback, these units would get out of their saddles and because of that were often mistaken for infantry. Even more, they would intentionally seek out areas unfavorable for cavalry forces (forests, for example), fighting on foot in these environments, because in those places the enemy was not capable of using anything to their advantage: big war horses, better armor, a close battle order, or lances. The article suggests that this battle method lets us determine, with more precision, the type of Lithuanian light cavalry, equating it to the better-known Irish hobelars who had served in England’s army. In the Teutonic Order’s state in Prussia, the equivalent of hobelars were the native “free” Prussians. Both these types of units rode small horses, fought equally well on horseback as well as on foot, and used javelins. In the last part, we argue on the possibilities of such light cavalry overcoming its heavier counterparts. According to the author of this paper, such possibilities would arise only occasionally – when knights were trapped in swamps in the forests or did some sort of tactical mistake. Eliminating this backwardness, the Lithua­nian state had begun using heavy cavalry forces by the early 15th century.
REGISTER IN DISCUSSION GENRE ON ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT THROUGH AFFECT EVALUATION
Authors: Chalimah  , Santosa Riyadi , Djatmika  , Wiratno Tri 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of the study: This data exploration is to seek the level and also the sort of unhappiness expression as a part of effect used in the news texts as a register included in discussion genre taken from 2 news texts of New York Times, 2 news texts of BBC, 1 news text of The Guardian 1, 1 news text of Bloomberg 1, 1 news text of USA Today and 1 news text of Fox News.
Methodology: The data is explored with the appraisal theory by using domain and component analysis. The effect measured is focused on unhappiness: misery and unhappiness: antipathy. The data source used here are international news which the text is written with discussion genre.
Main Findings: The findings report that the unhappiness: antipathy is much more found (43 data) than the unhappiness: misery (34 data). The data found are: 8 data of unhappiness: antipathy and 27 data of unhappiness: misery in New York Times 1; 5 data of unhappiness: antipathy and 2 unhappiness: misery in BBC 2; 2 data of unhappiness: antipathy and 2 data of unhappiness: misery in The Guardian; 6 data of unhappiness: antipathy in Bloomberg; 8 data of unhappiness: antipathy and 3 data of unhappiness: misery in BBC 1; 10 data of unhappiness: antipathy in USA Today; 2 data of unhappiness: antipathy in Fox News; 2 data of unhappiness: antipathy in New York Times 2.
Applications of this study: This data exploration is a benefit in the linguistic study to find the implicit meaning taken from the news texts.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this exploration is investigating unhappiness value in texts with the genre of discussion which can construct a new theory of genre.
Formação do professor para a educação superior em eventos nacionais (2014-2016)
Authors: Tiecher Adilson Luiz , Fialho Danielle da Motta , Ens Romilda Teodora 
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo sobre formação do professor para a Educação Superior, se justifica pela relevância e protagonismo que esse processo tem, em um cenário de preocupação com a Educação Básica, decorrente das orientações político-econômicas das organizações multilaterais a que se submetem os países Latinos Americanos. Com o objetivo de analisar, por meio de pesquisa do tipo “Estado da Arte”, a produção científica que focaliza a formação de professores para a Educação Superior em cinco eventos da área de Educação no Brasil (ANPAE 2015, ANPEd 2015, ANPEd SUL 2014 e 2016 e EDUCERE 2015). Teve aportes teóricos de diversos autores, bem como documentos legais, como a LDB (1996) e o PNE (2014), entre outros, subsidiaram a análise dos artigos aprovados e publicados que discutiram a formação do professor para a Educação Superior. Os resultados indicam que a formação desse professor, ao estar pautada em conhecimentos técnicos e científicos e em conhecimentos de como se desenvolve o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, deve possibilitar uma formação que os prepare para realizarem análises críticas e reflexivas de sua prática e do próprio contexto em que atuam (Educação Superior). Reitera-se a importância dessas análises e de pesquisas para a proposição de subsídios para a formulação de políticas públicas voltadas para essa formação.
Necrotizing Fasciitis: Pillaging the Acute Phase Response
Authors: Hysong Alexander A. , Posey Samuel L. , Blum Deke M. , Benvenuti Michael A. , Benvenuti Teresa A. , Johnson Samuel R. , An Thomas J. , Devin Jessica K. , Obremskey William T. , Martus Jeffrey E. , Moore-Lotridge Stephanie N. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. 
Published: January 2020

➤ Necrotizing fasciitis hijacks the acute phase response, increasing the risk of developing pathophysiologic states commonly associated with death: sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and adrenal insufficiency, referred to as critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI).➤ Dynamic monitoring of SIC, SIRS, and CIRCI may be informative when assessing infection severity and when directing treatment to manage these conditions as soon as they begin to develop.➤ To reduce the risk of oropharyngeal colonization, N95 respirators should be worn by health-care professionals who are operating on patients with necrotizing fasciitis.
Prevalence of Rotational Malalignment After Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Cain Megan E. , Hendrickx Laurent A.M. , Bleeker Nils Jan , Lambers Kaj T.A. , Doornberg Job N. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Intramedullary (IM) nailing is the treatment of choice for most tibial shaft fractures. However, an iatrogenic pitfall may be rotational malalignment. The aims of this retrospective analysis were to determine (1) the prevalence of rotational malalignment using postoperative computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard; (2) the average baseline tibial torsion of uninjured limbs; and (3) based on that normal torsion, whether the contralateral, uninjured limb can be reliably used as the reference standard.

Methods:
The study included 154 patients (71% male and 29% female) with a median age of 37 years. All patients were treated for a unilateral tibial shaft fracture with an IM nail and underwent low-dose bilateral postoperative CT to assess rotational malalignment.

Results:
More than one-third of the patients (n = 55; 36%) had postoperative rotational malalignment of ≥10°. Right-sided tibial shaft fractures were significantly more likely to display external rotational malalignment whereas left-sided fractures were predisposed to internal rotational malalignment. The uninjured right tibiae were an average of 4° more externally rotated than the left (mean rotation and standard deviation, 41.1° ± 8.0° [right] versus 37.0° ± 8.2° [left]; p < 0.01). Applying this 4° correction to our cohort not only reduced the prevalence of rotational malalignment (n = 45; 29%), it also equalized the distribution of internal and external rotational malalignment between the left and right tibiae.

Conclusions:
This study confirms a high prevalence of rotational malalignment following IM nailing of tibial shaft fractures (36%). There was a preexisting 4° left-right difference in tibial torsion, which sheds a different light on previous studies and current clinical practice and could have important implications for the diagnosis and management of tibial rotational malalignment.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Romosozumab for the Treatment of Hip Fractures
Authors: Schemitsch Emil H. , Miclau Theodore , Karachalios Theofilos , Nowak Lauren L. , Sancheti Parag , Poolman Rudolf W. , Caminis John , Daizadeh Nadia , Dent-Acosta Ricardo E. , Egbuna Ogo , Chines Arkadi , Maddox Judy , Grauer Andreas , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Romosozumab is a bone-forming antibody that increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption. We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, phase-2, dose-finding trial to evaluate the effect of romosozumab on the clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation of intertrochanteric or femoral neck hip fractures.

Methods:
Patients (55 to 94 years old) were randomized 2:3:3:3 to receive 3 subcutaneous injections of romosozumab (70, 140, or 210 mg) or a placebo postoperatively on day 1 and weeks 2, 6, and 12. The primary end point was the difference in the mean timed “Up & Go” (TUG) score over weeks 6 to 20 for romosozumab versus placebo. Additional end points included the time to radiographic evidence of healing and the score on the Radiographic Union Scale for Hip (RUSH).

Results:
A total of 332 patients were randomized: 243 to receive romosozumab (70 mg, n = 60; 140 mg, n = 93; and 210 mg, n = 90) and 89 to receive a placebo. Although TUG scores improved during the study, they did not differ significantly between the romosozumab and placebo groups over weeks 6 to 20 (p = 0.198). The median time to radiographic evidence of healing was 16.4 to 16.9 weeks across treatment groups. The RUSH scores improved over time across treatment groups but did not differ significantly between the romosozumab and placebo groups. The overall safety and tolerability profile of romosozumab was comparable with that of the placebo.

Conclusions:
Romosozumab did not improve the fracture-healing-related clinical and radiographic outcomes in the study population.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Chronic Posterior Sternoclavicular Dislocation in a Contact Athlete
Authors: Albors Laura Mena , Lee R. Jay 
Published: January 2020

Case:
Traumatic posterior sternoclavicular dislocation (PSCD) is an uncommon injury that often presents in a delayed fashion and can be difficult to diagnose. Standard treatments include reduction of acute injuries and possible reconstruction for chronic injuries. We describe a 16-year-old male football player with a traumatic PSCD and initial dyspnea and dysphagia. He returned to playing contact sports without undergoing reduction.

Conclusions:
Contrary to the literature that suggests reduction as a primary treatment of PSCD, this case shows that a contact-sport athlete may be able to return to competitive sports with a chronic PSCD.