bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achievement goal orientations, learning strategies, and mathematics achievement: A comparison of Chinese Miao and Han students
Authors: Guo Meng , Leung Frederick K. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study compared the relationships between the goal orientations, learning strategies, and mathematics achievement of Chinese Miao and Han students. A total of 211 Han and 321 Miao fifth‐ and sixth‐grade students from Qiandongnan participated in the study. The results suggest that, in both samples, mastery orientation positively predicted the use of surface/deep learning strategies and mathematics achievement, and that performance‐approach orientation significantly predicted the use of surface strategies. Ethnic differences were also detected. The positive relationship of the performance‐approach orientation to deep strategies was stronger among the Han than the Miao students. Overall, our findings confirm that goal orientations have an important influence on Chinese students’ strategy use and achievement and that ethnic differences affect the patterns of these relationships. Possible explanations for the results and the practical implications for school practitioners are discussed.
Exploring the Influences of Conductive Graphite on Hydroxylammonium Nitrate (HAN)‐Based Electrically Controlled Solid Propellant
Authors: Bao Lirong , Wang Hui , Zheng Tingting , Chen Suhang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiaojun , Huang Yinsheng , Shen Ruiqi , Ye Yinghua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe electrically controlled solid propellant (ECSP) has many advantages that are not available with traditional propellants, such as multiple start/stop operations and controllable thrust. In this research, conductive graphite (C) was employed as an additive to hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)‐based ECSPs to enhance electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and the influences of C on the burning characteristics of ECSPs were investigated by some characterization methods. The addition of 5 % C increases the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity by 13.2 % and 18.9 %, while reduces the theoretical specific impulse (Isp) and adiabatic flame temperature (Tf) by 7.9 % and 18.4 %. C acting as electric and heat energy transfer media was demonstrated by TG‐DSC. ECSPs containing 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % C reinforce the burning rate by 11.4 %, 25.6 %, 35.9 % and mass loss by 6.9 %, 22.3 %, 47.8 % at 200 V; and enhance the burning rate by 39.2 %, 62.4 %, 104.9 %, and mass loss by 46.7 %, 84.7 %, 200.1 % at 0.6 MPa. This can be explained by the fact that the increase in electrical conductivity promotes the electrochemical decomposition rate of the ionic oxidizer in ECSPs at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and the rise in thermal conductivity promotes the heat transfer to the unburned zone of the propellant under high pressure (0.2 MPa∼0.6 MPa).
Promoting sustainable development: The impact of differences in cultural values on residents' pro‐environmental behaviors
Authors: Mi Lingyun , Qiao Lijie , Xu Ting , Gan Xiaoli , Yang Hang , Zhao Jingjing , Qiao Yaning , Hou Jiaxin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPro‐Environmental Behavior (PEB) of residents can greatly alleviate the threat of environmental pollution to human living environment and promote sustainable development of the society. Cross‐cultural studies show that there are significant differences in PEB among countries with different cultural backgrounds. Even within the same country or region, individual cultural values are not identical. So, can various individual cultural values impact PEB differently? To answer this question, this paper investigates the mechanism on how cultural value differences affect residents' PEB, based on Hofstede's cultural model. Following an analysis of 475 questionnaires from residents, the results show that Hofstede's five dimensions of cultural value can significantly impact public‐ and/or private‐sphere PEB. Among them, collectivism and long‐term orientation of residents have positive effects on both public‐ and private‐sphere PEB and uncertainty avoidance has a negative impact. Besides, masculinity only affects the public‐sphere PEB, and power distance affects neither private‐ nor public‐sphere PEB. In addition, three social‐demographic characteristics including gender, age, and educational level have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between cultural values and PEB. These findings can provide useful recommendations for policy makers to draft PEB guidelines and incentive policies based on the differences in cultural values of their residents.
The effect of soluble β‐nucleator's content on crystalline structure and performance of polypropylene pipe
Authors: Guo Jiajun , Zhang Chun , Nie Min , Wang Qi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStrength‐toughness clash of polypropylene (PP) pipe is an insurmountable bottleneck for the potential application. Here, we successfully prepared PP pipe with simultaneously enhanced toughness and hoop strength via addition of soluble β‐nucleators (β‐NAs) and application of helical flow in the extrusion. The outstanding combination of strength and toughness in the PP pipe depended on the loading content of β‐NAs and the helical pattern, which determined the morphology and alignment of β‐crystals. At the low content, β‐NAs dissolved completely into the PP melts and distributed homogeneously to promote the formation of β‐spherulites in the PP pipe. When the loading content exceeded the solubility limit, the β‐NAs partially dissolved and upon cooling, the dissolved β‐NAs grew preferentially on the undissolved ones along one direction, assembling into the fibrous aggregates. With the guidance of helical flow, the fibrous β‐NAs aligned off the axis and functioned as an oriented template to trigger the PP crystallization on the surface into hybrid β‐shish‐kebab with fibrous β‐NAs as shish. Increasing rotation speed of mandrel and die elevated hoop contribution to obtain the β‐shish‐kebab with a deviated angle of 55°, endowing the prepared pipe with high hoop strength and toughness.
Estimating coefficient of linear extensibility using Vis–NIR reflectance spectral data: Comparison of model validation approaches
Authors: Rehman Hafeez Ur , Arthur Emmanuel , Tall Andrej , Knadel Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE) is used to classify soils according to their swell–shrink potential, and its estimation is crucial for engineering and agronomic applications. The aims of the study were (a) to develop a visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy (Vis–NIRS, 400–2,500 nm) calibration model to estimate COLE, (b) to compare two model validation approaches (mixed data and country‐wise), and (c) to test if a variable selection method improves the estimation accuracy of the calibration models. For this purpose, partial least square regression (PLSR) was used on the spectra of 53 soil samples from Slovakia and 24 samples from the United States. First, a calibration model based on 70% of the entire dataset (including samples from both locations) was developed and validated with the remaining 30% (mixed data approach). Second, a calibration model based on the Slovakian samples was validated with the U.S. samples (country‐wise approach). Higher predictability for COLE with standardized root mean square error (SMRSE) of 0.099 was obtained for the mixed data approach than for the country‐wise validation with SRMSE of 0.279. Furthermore, using interval PLSR (iPLSR) as a variable selection method did not improve the estimation accuracy of the mixed data approach (SRMSE of 0.099), and rather resulted in a twofold increase in SRMSE (0.560) for the country‐wise validation approach. Overall, the good estimation of COLE from Vis–NIRS was attributed to the high correlation of COLE with clay content and spectrally active clay minerals.
Research on the enhanced biological nitrogen removal of wastewater by the ultrasound‐hydrolysis acidification of excess sludge
Authors: Wang Yonglei , Liu Yulei , Tian Liping , Xu Xuexin , Liu Yongjian , Qin Yao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo simultaneously improve the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater with a low C/N ratio and reduce excess sludge production, in this paper, excess sludge ultrasound‐hydrolysis acidification (UHA) pretreatment was coupled with the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (AAO) process to provide carbon source and enhance biological nitrogen removal performance, and the experimental results can be summarized as follows. First, the total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the effluent of the system decreased from 16.94 mg/L to 5.74 mg/L, and the removal rate of TN increased by 25.5%. In addition, the concentrations for ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) in the system decreased 12.59 mg/L, and the removal rate of this index increased by 29.0%. Furthermore, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) in the anoxic zone increased significantly because the application of UHA products enhanced the microbial activity, and the addition of UHA products had an effect on the microbial community structure in the system. The amounts of denitrifying bacteria such as Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria also increased, which enhanced the nitrogen removal efficiency of wastewater biological treatment.Practitioner points

Treatment of excess sludge in UHA device as an additional carbon source.

Nitrogen removal efficiency was greatly improved after adding UHA products.

Input of UHA products enhanced microbial activity in AAO system.

Denitrifying bacteria increased with the addition of UHA products.
A review study of functional autoregressive models with application to energy forecasting
Authors: Chen Ying , Koch Thorsten , Lim Kian Guan , Xu Xiaofei , Zakiyeva Nazgul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this data‐rich era, it is essential to develop advanced techniques to analyze and understand large amounts of data and extract the underlying information in a flexible way. We provide a review study on the state‐of‐the‐art statistical time series models for univariate and multivariate functional data with serial dependence. In particular, we review functional autoregressive (FAR) models and their variations under different scenarios. The models include the classic FAR model under stationarity; the FARX and pFAR model dealing with multiple exogenous functional variables and large‐scale mixed‐type exogenous variables; the vector FAR model and common functional principal component technique to handle multiple dimensional functional time series; and the warping FAR, varying coefficient‐FAR and adaptive FAR models to handle seasonal variations, slow varying effects and the more challenging cases of structural changes or breaks respectively. We present the models’ setup and detail the estimation procedure. We discuss the models’ applicability and illustrate the numerical performance using real‐world data of high‐resolution natural gas flows in the high‐pressure gas pipeline network of Germany. We conduct 1‐day and 14‐days‐ahead out‐of‐sample forecasts of the daily gas flow curves. We observe that the functional time series models generally produce stable out‐of‐sample forecast accuracy.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Semiparametric ModelsData: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Liver fibrosis: Pathophysiology and clinical implications
Authors: Berumen Jennifer , Baglieri Jacopo , Kisseleva Tatiana , Mekeel Kristin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a clinically significant finding that has major impacts on patient morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of fibrosis involves many different cellular pathways, but the major cell type involved appears to be hepatic stellate cells. Many liver diseases, including Hepatitis B, C, and fatty liver disease cause ongoing hepatocellular damage leading to liver fibrosis. No matter the cause of liver disease, liver‐related mortality increases exponentially with increasing fibrosis. The progression to cirrhosis brings more dramatic mortality and higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Fibrosis can also affect outcomes following liver transplantation in adult and pediatric patients and require retransplantation. Drugs exist to treat Hepatitis B and C that reverse fibrosis in patients with those viral diseases, but there are currently no therapies to directly treat liver fibrosis. Several mouse models of chronic liver diseases have been successfully reversed using novel drug targets with current therapies focusing mostly on prevention of myofibroblast activation. Further research in these areas could lead to development of drugs to treat fibrosis, which will have invaluable impact on patient survival.This article is categorized under:
Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Virtual monochromatic dual-energy CT reconstructions improve detection of cerebral infarct in patients with suspicion of stroke
Authors: van Ommen Fasco , Dankbaar Jan Willem , Zhu Guangming , Wolman Dylan N. , Heit Jeremy J. , Kauw Frans , Bennink Edwin , de Jong Hugo W. A. M. , Wintermark Max 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Early infarcts are hard to diagnose on non-contrast head CT. Dual-energy CT (DECT) may potentially increase infarct differentiation. The optimal DECT settings for differentiation were identified and evaluated.

Methods
One hundred and twenty-five consecutive patients who presented with suspected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and underwent non-contrast DECT and subsequent DWI were retrospectively identified. The DWI was used as reference standard. First, virtual monochromatic images (VMI) of 25 patients were reconstructed from 40 to 140 keV and scored by two readers for acute infarct. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for infarct detection were compared and a subset of VMI energies were selected. Next, for a separate larger cohort of 100 suspected AIS patients, conventional non-contrast CT (NCT) and selected VMI were scored by two readers for the presence and location of infarct. The same statistics for infarct detection were calculated. Infarct location match was compared per vascular territory. Subgroup analyses were dichotomized by time from last-seen-well to CT imaging.

Results
A total of 80–90 keV VMI were marginally more sensitive (36.3–37.3%) than NCT (32.4%; p > 0.680), with marginally higher specificity (92.2–94.4 vs 91.1%; p > 0.509) for infarct detection. Location match was superior for VMI compared with NCT (28.7–27.4 vs 19.5%; p < 0.010). Within 4.5 h from last-seen-well, 80 keV VMI more accurately detected infarct (58.0 vs 54.0%) and localized infarcts (27.1 vs 11.9%; p = 0.004) than NCT, whereas after 4.5 h, 90 keV VMI was more accurate (69.3 vs 66.3%).

Conclusion
Non-contrast 80–90 keV VMI best differentiates normal from infarcted brain parenchyma.
The physiological roles of tau and Aβ: implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathology and therapeutics
Authors: Kent Sarah A. , Spires-Jones Tara L. , Durrant Claire S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTau and amyloid beta (Aβ) are the prime suspects for driving pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and, as such, have become the focus of therapeutic development. Recent research, however, shows that these proteins have been highly conserved throughout evolution and may have crucial, physiological roles. Such functions may be lost during AD progression or be unintentionally disrupted by tau- or Aβ-targeting therapies. Tau has been revealed to be more than a simple stabiliser of microtubules, reported to play a role in a range of biological processes including myelination, glucose metabolism, axonal transport, microtubule dynamics, iron homeostasis, neurogenesis, motor function, learning and memory, neuronal excitability, and DNA protection. Aβ is similarly multifunctional, and is proposed to regulate learning and memory, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, repair leaks in the blood–brain barrier, promote recovery from injury, and act as an antimicrobial peptide and tumour suppressor. This review will discuss potential physiological roles of tau and Aβ, highlighting how changes to these functions may contribute to pathology, as well as the implications for therapeutic development. We propose that a balanced consideration of both the physiological and pathological roles of tau and Aβ will be essential for the design of safe and effective therapeutics.
Single stage reconstruction of a neglected open book pelvic injury with bladder herniation into the upper thigh: a case-report
Authors: Herteleer Michiel , Thüroff Joachim , Rommens Pol Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen open-book injuries are neglected and result into a pelvic malunion or nonunion, long-term problems, such as chronic pain, gait abnormalities, sitting discomfort, neurological symptoms and urogenital symptoms can occur. In this case report, we describe the repair of a neglected pelvic disruption with the dislocation of the urinary bladder in a one-stage procedure. The clinical image with which the patient presented could be split into unique sub-problems, for which separate solutions needed to be chosen: large symphysis diastasis, instability and pain in both SI joints, malunion of the superior and inferior pubic rami fractures; and urinary bladder herniation into the upper thigh. In a single-stage procedure, the pelvic ring was reconstructed and the bladder reduced. The patient was thereafter continent for urine and could walk independently. A complex clinical problem was divided into its sub-problems, for which specific solutions were found.
An atlas on risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Xiong Ying , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review and wide-angled Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the association between possible risk factors and multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsWe used MR analysis to assess the associations between 65 possible risk factors and MS using data from a genome-wide association study including 14 498 cases and 24 091 controls of European ancestry. For 18 exposures not suitable for MR analysis, we conducted a systematic review to obtain the latest meta-analyses evidence on their associations with MS.ResultsChildhood and adulthood body mass index were positively associated with MS, whereas physical activity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were inversely associated with MS. There was evidence of possible associations of type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, body fat percentage, age of puberty and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data of systematic review showed that exposure to organic solvents, Epstein Barr virus and cytomegalovirus virus infection, and diphtheria and tetanus vaccination were associated with MS risk.ConclusionsThis study identified several modifiable risk factors for primary prevention of MS that should inform public health policy.
Surgical management for large vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section
Authors: Starnoni Daniele , Giammattei Lorenzo , Cossu Giulia , Link Michael J. , Roche Pierre-Hugues , Chacko Ari G. , Ohata Kenji , Samii Majid , Suri Ashish , Bruneau Michael , Cornelius Jan F. , Cavallo Luigi , Meling Torstein R. , Froelich Sebastien , Tatagiba Marcos , Sufianov Albert , Paraskevopoulos Dimitrios , Zazpe Idoya , Berhouma Moncef , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Verheul Jeroen B. , Tuleasca Constantin , George Mercy , Levivier Marc , Messerer Mahmoud , Daniel Roy Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and objective
The optimal management of large vestibular schwannomas continues to be debated. We constituted a task force comprising the members of the EANS skull base committee along with international experts to derive recommendations for the management of this problem from a European perspective.

Material and methods
A systematic review of MEDLINE database, in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines, was performed. A subgroup analysis screening all surgical series published within the last 20 years (January 2000 to March 2020) was performed. Weighted summary rates for tumor resection, oncological control, and facial nerve preservation were determined using meta-analysis models. This data along with contemporary practice patterns were discussed within the task force to generate consensual recommendations regarding preoperative evaluations, optimal surgical strategy, and follow-up management.

Results
Tumor classification grades should be systematically used in the perioperative management of patients, with large vestibular schwannomas (VS) defined as > 30 mm in the largest extrameatal diameter. Grading scales for pre- and postoperative hearing (AAO-HNS or GR) and facial nerve function (HB) are to be used for reporting functional outcome. There is a lack of consensus to support the superiority of any surgical strategy with respect to extent of resection and use of adjuvant radiosurgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring needs to be routinely used to preserve neural function. Recommendations for postoperative clinico-radiological evaluations have been elucidated based on the surgical strategy employed.

Conclusion
The main goal of management of large vestibular schwannomas should focus on maintaining/improving quality of life (QoL), making every attempt at facial/cochlear nerve functional preservation while ensuring optimal oncological control, thereby allowing to meet patient expectations. Despite the fact that this analysis yielded only a few Class B evidences and mostly expert opinions, it will guide practitioners to manage these patients and form the basis for future clinical trials.
Hyperkähler cones and instantons on quaternionic Kähler manifolds
Authors: Devchand Chandrashekar , Pontecorvo Massimiliano , Spiro Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a novel approach to the study of Yang–Mills instantons on quaternionic Kähler manifolds, based on an extension of the harmonic space method of constructing instantons on hyperkähler manifolds. Our results establish a bijection between local equivalence classes of instantons on quaternionic Kähler manifolds M and equivalence classes of certain holomorphic maps on an appropriate $${\mathrm {SL}}_2({\mathbb {C}})$$

SL
2

(
C
)

-bundle over the Swann bundle of M.
Learn or react? An experimental study of preventive health decision making
Authors: Fink Günther , McConnell Margaret , Nguyen Bich Diep 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite public health efforts, uptake of preventive health technologies remains low in many settings. In this paper, we develop a formal model of prevention and test it through a laboratory experiment. In the model, rational agents decide whether to take up health technologies that reduce, but do not eliminate the risk of adverse health events. As long as agents are sufficiently risk averse and priors are diffuse, we show that initial uptake of effective technologies will be limited. Over time, the model predicts that take-up will decline as users with negative experiences revise their effectiveness priors towards zero. In our laboratory experiments, we find initial uptake rates between 65 and 80% for effective technologies with substantial declines over time, consistent with the model’s predictions. We also find evidence of decision-making not consistent with our model: subjects respond most strongly to the most recent health outcomes, and react to negative health outcomes by increasing their willingness to invest in prevention, even when health risks without prevention are known by all subjects. Our findings suggest that high uptake of preventive technologies should only be expected if the risk of adverse health outcomes without prevention is high, or if preventive technologies are so effective that the risk of adverse outcomes is negligible with prevention.