bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing cancer immunotherapy trials with delayed treatment effect using maximin efficiency robust statistics
Authors: Ding Xue , Wu Jianrong 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe indirect mechanism of action of immunotherapy causes a delayed treatment effect, producing delayed separation of survival curves between the treatment groups, and violates the proportional hazards assumption. Therefore using the log‐rank test in immunotherapy trial design could result in a severe loss efficiency. Although few statistical methods are available for immunotherapy trial design that incorporates a delayed treatment effect, recently, Ye and Yu proposed the use of a maximin efficiency robust test (MERT) for the trial design. The MERT is a weighted log‐rank test that puts less weight on early events and full weight after the delayed period. However, the weight function of the MERT involves an unknown function that has to be estimated from historical data. Here, for simplicity, we propose the use of an approximated maximin test, the V0 test, which is the sum of the log‐rank test for the full data set and the log‐rank test for the data beyond the lag time point. The V0 test fully uses the trial data and is more efficient than the log‐rank test when lag exits with relatively little efficiency loss when no lag exists. The sample size formula for the V0 test is derived. Simulations are conducted to compare the performance of the V0 test to the existing tests. A real trial is used to illustrate cancer immunotherapy trial design with delayed treatment effect.
Comparative study of the photoassociation reaction of He + X+→ HeX+ (X = H, D): Including multiphoton transitions and dissociations
Authors: Jing Su‐Hua , Wang Bin‐Bin , Zhou Xiao‐Yun , Zeng Ti‐Xian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing the time‐dependent quantum wave packet method, the photoassociation (PA) processes of He + H
+→ HeH+ and He + D
+→ HeD+, driven by the sin2‐shaped femtosecond laser pulse in the electronic ground state, including multiphoton transitions and dissociations, are investigated for a wide range of initial collision momenta spanning from 1 to 4 a.u. (or for the collision energy roughly in the ranges of 0.009∼0.148 eV and 0.006∼0.089 eV for HeH+ and HeD+ systems, respectively). It is found that, at some collision momenta, multiphoton transitions to deeply bound states are inevitable to occur and can greatly decrease the PA probability of the target state that selected is the vibrational state v = 6. For the dissociation process, the higher‐order (two‐ and three‐photon) dissociations, measured from the target state, tend to be significant at relative high collision energies, which implies that above‐threshold dissociations may also be an important loss mechanism in the PA process. In addition, it is also shown that the higher‐order dissociation is much stronger for HeH+ systems than that for HeD+ systems at a given collision momentum, and could be enhanced by the strong transitions among deeply bound states.
Dynamics of nitrite in acidic soil during extraction with potassium chloride studied using 15N tracing
Authors: Dai Shenyan , Wen Teng , Cai Zucong , Zhang Jinbo 
Published: February 2020

RationaleNitrite is well known to be unstable, including during soil extraction with KCl (especially in acidic soils), but the source and fate of NO2− in the short duration of the extraction process remain unclear.MethodsA series of 15N‐tracing studies explored NO2− transformations during KCl extraction in acidic and alkaline soils. Tests considering multiple factors assessed the interactions of such factors as soil sterilization, extraction time, and pH adjustment. After addition of 15NO2−, 15NH4+, and 15NO3− tracers, the concentrations and isotopic compositions of N2O, N2, NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were measured to investigate the production and consumption of NO2−.ResultsNitrite was stable in alkaline soils during KCl extraction. In contrast, changes did occur in acidic soils during KCl extraction: NO2− declined rapidly in the first 10 min of extraction although the subsequent rate of decrease lessened as the extraction time progressed. Significant dilution of 15NO2− suggested high rates of NO2− production and even higher rates of consumption. The soil's organic N was the only source of NO2− and also its main destination. Soil sterilization showed that NO2− processes during extraction were chemical, not microbial. The pH adjustment of acidic soil stabilized its NO2−.ConclusionsOverall, the pH adjustment of KCl solution appears favorable for investigating NO2− dynamics. For example, this work recommends an extraction solution comprising a 4:1 mixture of 2.5 M KCl solution and pH 8.4 buffer, which was more convenient to operate than the method reported by Stevens and Laughlin.
Long‐term fertilization does not affect soil carbon/nitrogen/sulfur ratios or the proportion between labile and nonlabile fractions in Mollisols
Authors: Liliana Vega Jara , Gutierrez Boem Flavio , Garcia Fernando , Rubio Gerardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAgricultural management practices such as fertilization may affect the overall soil quality and nutrient supply capacity. In this study, we hypothesized that long‐term fertilization promotes (a) an increase in the proportion of easily degradable soil organic C, N, and S fractions and (b) changes in the soil C, N, and S stoichiometric ratios in the direction of favoring the specific nutrient added to the soil. We included S in our study due to the increasing importance of S fertilization in many agricultural soils. A long‐term experiment involving six fertilization treatments and maize (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as cash crops was conducted for 14 yr in an on‐farm network located in the Pampean region (Argentina). Long‐term fertilization did not have a central role in defining the C, N, and S distribution between soil organic fractions or their stoichiometric ratios since the particulate organic matter (POM)‐C/total C, POM‐S/total S, C/N, C/N, and N/S ratios were not affected by fertilization treatments and the mineralizable N/total N ratio varied in a very short range. Instead, long‐term fertilization increased residue C inputs to the soil (8.7–19 Mg ha−1 over the unfertilized control) and, in turn, increases in soil total C, N, and S followed a linear relationship with residue inputs. This relationship was not affected by fertilization or site factors. These data contribute to understanding of the effects of continued fertilization on soil properties such as the distribution of fast‐ and slow‐cycling organic matter and nutrient concentrations, which are essential for effectively managing soils for sustainable agriculture.
Saccharification of Acacia mangium wood sawdust with dilute sulfuric acid for furfural production
Authors: Chung Nguyen Hoang , Phuong Nguyen Thi Minh , Dien Le Quang , Khanh Nguyen Viet , Hue Nguyen Thi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents research results regarding acid hydrolysis of Acacia mangium wood sawdust forming xylose for further production of furfural. The optimization of the hydrolysis process in a hydrolyzer and pilot scale was studied. Optimal conditions of the hydrolysis were established as follows: temperature was increased from 100 to 140 oC within approx. 35 min, retention time at the maximum temperature was 25‐50 minutes, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.75 %, solid‐to‐liquor ratio of 1:8. Under these conditions, xylose yield was 7.59 % over the oven dried amount of the wood sawdust used. The glucose (0.93 % w/w) and furfural (0.33 % w/w) were obtained as by‐products of the hydrolysis process. The furfural synthesis from the obtained xylose was successfully carried out.
Steroidal sterols from Allium ascalonicum
Authors: Mai Nguyen Thi , Lan Hoang Thi Tuyet , Trang Do Thi , Dung Duong Thi , Tai Bui Huu , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing combined chromatographic methods, four steroidal sterols were isolated and characterized from methanol extract of the roots of Allium ascalonicum. Their chemical structures were elucidate as 26‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(25R)‐furost‐5,20(22)‐diene‐1β,3β,26‐triol 1‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (1), 26‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(25S)‐furost‐5,20(22)‐diene‐1β,3β,26‐triol 1‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (2), (24S,25S)‐3β,24‐dihydroxyspirost‐5‐en‐1β‐yl O‐α‐L‐rhamnospyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (3), 1β,3β‐dihydroxypegna‐5,16‐diene‐20‐one 1‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (4) by a combination of extensive 1D‐, 2D‐NMR, HRESIMS spectroscopic data analysis and in comparison with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of 4 from Allium genus.
Secondary metabolites produced by marine actinomycete Micromonospora sp. A258
Authors: Van Nam Vu , Huong Doan Thi Mai , Dao Phi Thi , Anh Nguyen Mai , Minh Le Thi Hong , Van Cuong Pham 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the course of our screening program, the EtOAc extract of Micromonospora sp. A258 from the sponge Haliclona oculata exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram positive S.aureus ATCC25923 and gram‐negative E.coli ATCC25922, S.enterica ATCC13076. This paper reports the isolation and structural elucidation of eight secondary metabolites including bacilsubteramide A (1), 4,9‐dihydroxy‐3‐isobutyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrobenzo‐azepin‐1‐one (2), indole‐3‐carboxylic acid (3), N‐acetyltryptamine (4), N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl‐methylbutanamide) (5), N‐phenyl‐acetamide (6), 2‐[(5‐methyl‐1,4‐dioxan‐2‐yl)methoxy]ethanol (7), (2R,3S)‐butane‐2,3‐diol (8) from the culture broth of Micromonospora sp. A258. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR, as well as comparison with literature data.
Chiral catalysts derived from biomass: design, synthesis and applications in asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Ngo Thi Thuy Duong , Huynh Khanh Duy , Ibrahim Houssein , Nguyen Thi Huong , Bournaud Chloée , Toffano Martial , Vo‐Thanh Giang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of new and more efficient catalytic systems is the subject of increasing attention from both academic and industrial research. Moreover, biomass is an endless supply of hydrocarbon materials that can be used as renewable raw materials for the development of new organic compounds. In this context, many research groups have devoted their works to products with a natural chirality source, non‐toxic, biodegradable and usually cost effective for the development of new chiral catalysts. Some new chiral molecules derived from biomass such as carbohydrates and natural amino acids have been synthesized and used as chiral ligands or organocatalysts for asymmetric transformations leading to the formation of expected products in good yields with high enantioselectivities
Exact results for an STU-model
Authors: Cardoso G. L. , de Wit B. , Mahapatra S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The duality symmetries of the STU-model of Sen and Vafa are very restrictive. This is utilized to determine the holomorphic function that encodes its two-derivative Wilsonian effective action and its couplings to the square of the Weyl tensor to fifth order in perturbation theory. At fifth order some ambiguities remain which are expected to resolve themselves when proceeding to the next order. Subsequently, a corresponding topological string partition function is studied in an expansion in terms of independent invariants of S, T and U, with coefficient functions that depend on an effective duality invariant coupling constant u, which is defined on a Riemann surface ℂ. The coefficient function of the invariant that is independent of S, T and U is determined to all orders by resummation. The other functions can be solved as well, either algebraically or by solving differential equations whose solutions have ambiguities associated with integration constants. This determination of the topological string partition function, while interesting in its own right, reveals new qualitative features in the result for the Wilsonian action, which would be difficult to appreciate otherwise. It is demonstrated how eventually the various ambiguities are eliminated by comparing the results for the effective action and the topological string. While we only demonstrate this for the leading terms, we conjecture that this will hold in general for this model.
Cosmological relaxation from dark fermion production
Authors: Kadota Kenji , Min Ui , Son Minho , Ye Fang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We consider the cosmological relaxation solution to the electroweak hierarchy problem using the fermion production as a dominant friction force. In our approach, neither super-Planckian field excursions nor a large number of e-folds arise, and scanning over thermal Higgs mass squared is avoided. The produced fermions from the relaxion source through the derivative coupling are SM-singlets, what we call dark fermions, and they can serve as the keV scale warm dark matter candidates.
Changes in nutritional quality and nutrient limitation regimes of phytoplankton in response to declining N deposition in mountain lakes
Authors: Bergström Ann-Kristin , Jonsson Anders , Isles Peter D. F. , Creed Irena F. , Lau Danny C. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhytoplankton play a key role in supporting aquatic food webs. However, the effects of ongoing large-scale changes in the concentrations and stoichiometry of important biological compounds [dissolved inorganic N (DIN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DIN:TP] on the development and nutritional quality of phytoplankton for higher trophic levels are unclear. We conducted lake studies and in situ bioassay experiments in two Swedish mountain regions [Abisko (north) and Jämtland (south)] with different N deposition and where lakes in each region were distributed along a similar gradient in lake DOC (2–7 mg L−1) to assess whether differences in nutrients, DOC and DIN:TP induced differences in phytoplankton quantity [chlorophylla(Chl-a) and seston carbon (C)] and quality [seston C:N:P stoichiometry and fatty acid (FA) composition]. Using long-term monitoring data from lakes in these two mountain regions, we found declining long-term trends in N deposition and lake DIN and total TP concentrations, but not in lake DIN:TP. Lakes in Abisko received lower N deposition and had lower DIN:TP than those in Jämtland. Phytoplankton was N- to NP-limited in Abisko lakes but NP dual-limited in Jämtland lakes. The N fertilization effects induced by higher DIN:TP were weak on phytoplankton quantity but strong on phytoplankton quality. The phytoplankton had lower eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content and higher P content (lower seston C:P) in Abisko compared to in Jämtland. In addition, the quality of the DOC (as indicated by its aromaticity and SUVA) influenced not only the light conditions and the seston C:P ratios, but also the FA composition. We found higher bacteria FA concentrations in seston in Abisko than in Jämtland, despite lower amounts of FA of terrestrial origin in Abisko. Our findings suggest that declining N deposition and enhanced colored terrestrial C loadings leads to lower nutritional quality of basal resources for higher consumers in mountain lakes.
Impact on Oncological Outcomes and Intent‐to‐Treat Survival of Resection Margin for Transplantable Hepatocellular Carcinoma in All‐Comers and in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lim Chetana , Goumard Claire , Casellas‐Robert Margarida , Lopez‐Ben Santiago , Lladó Laura , Busquets Juli , Salloum Chady , Albiol‐Quer Maria Teresa , Castro‐Gutiérrez Ernest , Rosmorduc Olivier , Feray Cyrille , Ramos Emilio , Figueras Joan , Scatton Olivier , Azoulay Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe outcomes of liver resection (LR) with a narrow margin in patients with transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been studied. The aim was to assess whether narrow margin following up‐front LR impacts the incidence, timing, pattern, and transplantability of tumor recurrence in patients with initially transplantable HCC.MethodsAll initially transplantable HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy with either narrow (<10 mm) or wide (≥10 mm) margins from 2007 to 2016 at four Western university centers were compared in terms of recurrence, transplantability of recurrence, recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and intention‐to‐treat overall survival (ITT‐OS). Independent predictors of non‐transplantability of recurrence were assessed.ResultsThis study included 187 patients (narrow group, n = 107 vs. wide group, n = 80). Recurrence was significantly more frequent in the narrow margin group (44% vs. 26%; p = 0.01) with a shorter RFS (p = 0.03). The transplantability of recurrence and ITT‐OS were, however, not different between the two groups. The presence of satellite nodules on the resected specimens emerged as the sole independent predictor of non‐transplantability of tumor recurrence. The stratification of the analysis according to the presence of cirrhosis achieved essentially the same results as in the whole study population.ConclusionsNarrow margin was associated with a higher tumor recurrence rate and a shorter RFS for patients with initially transplantable HCC. However, transplantability of recurrence and long‐term ITT‐OS were not impaired.
Thermal analysis of W-free Co–(Ni)–Al–Mo–Nb superalloys
Authors: Migas Damian , Moskal Grzegorz , Maciąg Tomasz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this investigation, the thermal analysis of W-free cobalt-based superalloys based on Co–Al–Mo–Nb and Co–Ni–Al–Mo–Nb systems was performed. The analysis was performed at different stages of heat treatment process. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) was utilized for the determination of characteristic temperatures related to microstructural changes. First of all, the DTA analysis was carried out for discussing as-cast alloys in the temperature range of 40–1500 °C. The results showed thermal effects connected with melting and important order–disorder transition. The temperature range of 1200–1250 °C was chosen for performance of a first heat treatment operation for the investigated alloys. Specimens were annealed at selected temperature for 5 h. The microstructure of alloys after solution heat treatment was analyzed as well. Afterward, the solutionized specimens were subjected to the further thermal analysis in order to select the aging temperature according to the order–disorder transformation related to formation of γ′ phase with overall formula Co3(Al,X). Five aging variants were performed in the temperature range of 800–1000 with a step of 50 °C. After each stage of heat treatment, SEM/EDS analysis and hardness measurements were performed.
Anxiolytic Effect of Increased NREM Sleep after Acute Social Defeat Stress in Mice
Authors: Feng Xiang , Zhao Hui-Ying , Shao Yu-Jin , Lou Hui-Fang , Zhu Li-Ya , Duan Shumin , Yu Yan-Qin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSocial defeat stress (SDS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. Sleep is generally considered to involve recovery of the brain from prior experience during wakefulness and is altered after acute SDS. However, the effect of acute SDS on sleep/wake behavior in mice varies between studies. In addition, whether sleep changes in response to stress contribute to anxiety is not well established. Here, we first investigated the effects of acute SDS on sleep/wake states in the active period in mice. Our results showed that total sleep time (time in rapid eye-movement [REM] and non-REM [NREM] sleep) increased in the active period after acute SDS. NREM sleep increased mainly during the first 3 h after SDS, while REM sleep increased at a later time. Then, we demonstrated that the increased NREM sleep had an anxiolytic benefit in acute SDS. Mice deprived of sleep for 1 h or 3 h after acute SDS remained in a highly anxious state, while in mice with ad libitum sleep the anxiety rapidly faded away. Altogether, our findings suggest an anxiolytic effect of NREM sleep, and indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for anxiety.
Evaluation of human attitudes and factors conducive to promoting human–lion coexistence in the Greater Gir landscape, India
Authors: Meena Venkataraman , Johnson Paul J. , Zimmermann Alexandra , Montgomery Robert A. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Coexistence of people and large carnivores depends on a complex combination of factors that vary geographically. Both the number and range of the Asiatic lion Panthera leo leo in the Greater Gir landscape, India, has increased since the 1990s. The challenge has been managing the success of conservation, with a particular focus on the spillover population ranging extensively in human-dominated landscapes. To understand the factors conducive to lion survival in this landscape, we undertook an interview-based survey. Overall, people expressed positive, tolerant attitudes towards lions. There was a distinct contrast between people's liking for lions (76.9% of respondents) compared to leopards (27.7%) in spite of greater depredation of livestock by lions (82.6%) than by leopards (17.4%). Younger people and respondents having greater awareness regarding lions expressed positive attitudes. Although community discussions on lions had a positive effect, there was no evidence that land-holding, management interventions, personal encounters with lions, or association of lions with religion affected attitudes. Respondents who had experienced livestock depredation tended to express negative attitudes. Respondents with positive attitudes towards lions favoured non-interventionist strategies for managing lions in the village areas. We advocate consideration of varied factors influencing tolerance of wildlife in conservation planning. We emphasize that site-specific human–wildlife conflict issues such as crop-foraging by wild ungulates and variation in attitudes towards different species should also be considered. Specifically, improved livestock management, motivation of local youth and their participation in awareness campaigns could all further strengthen the prevalent positive attitudes towards lions.
Assessing internalized beliefs: Development of the Pathogenic Belief Scale
Authors: Aafjes-van Doorn Katie , McCollum James , Silberschatz George , Snyder John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe way that people internalize adverse experiences plays an important role in the development of psychopathology. The Pathogenic Belief Scale (PBS) is intended to operationalize a transtheoretical understanding of repetitive patterns of emotion-laden beliefs that develop in childhood and continue to influence people's current experience. Using a cross-sectional survey design, we recruited a large heterogeneous sample of 246 clinic outpatients and 732 adults in the community. Besides the PBS, measures of adverse parenting experiences and common psychopathology were administered. An exploratory factor analysis of the total sample of 978 participants was conducted followed by a convergent validity analysis for the 246 clinic outpatients. The three-factor solution included “cannot rely on others,” “undeserving,” and “interpersonal guilt,” and it showed good psychometric properties, including convergent validity with the measures of adverse parenting experiences and psychopathology. The 34-item PBS offers a promising self-report measure that could help delineate and understand the pathogenic beliefs that heterogeneous samples of patients may hold. Pathogenic beliefs may be relevant to the psychotherapy process, regardless of model or theoretical context.