bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of Immune Cells in the Concurrence of Echinococcus Granulosus Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yasen Aimaiti , Ran Bo , Wang Maolin , Lv Guodong , Lin Renyong , Shao Yingmei , Aji Tuerganaili , Wen Hao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background/aims: Immune cells are pivotal players in the immune responses against both parasitic infection and malignancies. Substantial evidence demonstrated that there may exist possible relationship between Echinococcus granulosus (E.granulosus) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Thus, this study aimed to observe crucial roles of immune cells in the formation of subcutaneous lesions after transplanting HepG2 cell lines with or without E.granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs).Methods: HepG2 cell lines were subcutaneously injected into nude mice in the control group. In the co-transplantation group, HepG2 cells were subcutaneously co-injected with high dosage of E.granulosus PSCs. From the 25th day of transplantation, volume of subcutaneous lesions was measured every four days, which were removed at the 37th day for further studies. Basic pathological and functional changes were observed. Moreover, expression of Ki67, Bal-2, Caspase3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), T cell markers (CD3, CD4, CD8), PD1/PD-L1, nature killer (NK) cell markers (CD16, CD56) were further detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: Subcutaneous lesions were gradually increased in volume and there occurred pathologically heterogeneous tumor cells, which were more significant in the co-transplantation group. Compared to the control group, expression of proliferation markers Ki67 and Bcl-2 was at higher levels in the co-transplantation group. Reversely, apoptotic marker Caspase3 was highly detected in the control group, suggesting promoting effects of E.granulosus PSCs on HCC development. Interestingly, subcutaneous lesions of the co-transplantation group were more functional in synthesizing and storing glycogen. Collagen and α-SMA+ cells were also at higher levels in the co-transplantation group than those in the control group. Most importantly, co-transplantation of HepG2 cells with E.granulosus PSCs led to significant increase in the expression of T cell markers (CD3, CD4 and CD8), immune inhibitory checkpoint PD1/PD-L1 and NK cells markers (CD16 and CD56). Conclusions: E.granulosus may have promoting effects on HCC development, which was closely associated with the immune responses of T cells and NK cells.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer patients: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Xu Yun , Huang Zong-Hao , Zheng Charlie Zhi-Lin , Li Cong , Zhang Yu-Qin , Guo Tian-An , Liu Fang-Qi , Xu Ye 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Since December 2019, China has experienced the public health emergency of coronavirus disease, which has expanded globally and is impacting the care of cancer patients. This study evaluated the impact of the pandemic on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients at our center and aimed to share lessons learned with clinics currently experiencing this impact. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on CRC patients admitted between January 1, 2020 and May 3, 2020; the control group comprised patients admitted between January 1, 2019 and May 3, 2019. Results: During the pandemic, outpatient volumes decreased significantly, especially among nonlocal and elderly patients, whereas the number of patients who received chemotherapy and surgery were maintained. During the pandemic, 710 CRC patients underwent curative enterectomy. The proportion of laparoscopic surgery was 49.4%, which was significantly higher than the 39.5% patients who received a laparoscopic surgery during the same period in 2019. The proportion of major complication during the pandemic was not significantly different from that of the control group. The mean hospital stay was significantly longer than that of the control group. Conclusions: CRC patients who are confirmed to be infection-free can receive routine treatment. Using online medical counseling and appropriate identification, treatment and follow-up was effectively maintained. Adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy should not be discontinued. Endoscopic polypectomy, elective, palliative, and multidisciplinary surgeries can be postponed, whereas curative surgery should be performed. For elderly CRC patients, endoscopic surgery and neoadjuvant radiotherapy are recommended.
Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ACE2-controlled SARS-CoV-2 binding and cellular entry
Authors: Goc Anna , Niedzwiecki Aleksandra , Rath Matthias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The strain SARS-CoV-2, newly emerged in late 2019, has been identified as the cause of COVID-19 and the pandemic declared by WHO in early 2020. Although lipids have been shown to possess antiviral efficacy, little is currently known about lipid compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and entry properties. To address this issue, we screened, overall, 17 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, as wells as lipid-soluble vitamins. In performing target-based ligand screening utilizing the RBD-SARS-CoV-2 sequence, we observed that polyunsaturated fatty acids most effectively interfere with binding to hACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Using a spike protein pseudo-virus, we also found that linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level. Also, neither reduction of hACE2 activity nor binding to the hACE2 receptor upon treatment with these two fatty acids was observed. Although further in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings, our study provides a new insight into the role of lipids as antiviral compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 strain.
Is Second Hand Smoke associated with Child’s Nutritional Status? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Singh Arpit , Kapoor Rati 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction The strong relation between parental smoking, children exposure to Second Hand Smoke (SHS) through parents and child growth has been proven. However, the effect is not well defined. Through this meta-analysis, we sought to determine the relationship between SHS exposure and child nutritional statusMethods A meta-analysis has been performed which included articles between 2005-2019, related to SHS exposure and child nutritional status which is accessed through child growth outcomes (Stunting, Wasting, Underweight and Obesity). Relevant studies were searched through Medline, PubMed, JStor and Cochrane Library.Results 17 articles were identified which comprised of different growth outcomes such as overweight, obese, stunting, severe stunting, underweight, severe underweight, wasting and severe wasting. 10 studies showed SHS exposure was highly related to overweight with the pooled risk of 0.26 with 95% CI 0.22-0.29 (I2 = 73.6%). Few studies reported other growth outcomes such as stunting, underweight and obese. Subgroup analysis was done to see the risk associated with different growth outcomes.Conclusion: The current review identified that exposure to SHS may be associated with adverse growth outcomes in children. It is crucial that active smokers, specifically those who live with children or with a pregnant partner, are made aware of the potential effects of SHS exposure on non-smokers. Further studies are needed to see the impact of SHS exposure with different measures of child nutritional status.
The Relationship between Psychological&nbsp;Impact&nbsp;and Self-control in Chinese Residents outside Hubei Province during the Epidemic of COVID-19: The mediation of self-regulated fatigue
Authors: Xiong Lian , Yan Liangshi , Wang Xin , Yang Chu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to study the psychological impact of COVID-19 on Chinese residents outside the Hubei province and the relationship among impact of event, self-regulated fatigue and self-control. Subject and Methods: The 400 questionnaires had been collected through an online survey platform from 30th January to 2nd February in 2020 and included 4 parts: (1) sociodemographic data; (2)The revised version of the Impact of Event Scale(IES-R); (3) Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale(SRF-S); (4)Self control scale (SCS). Results: (1)There were significant differences between different levels of sociodemographic variables on IES-R, SRF-S and SCS; (2) 75 (18.75%) residents reported a moderate-severe psychological impact; (3)There were significant differences between the previous researches and current study;(4)the high-score group of SCS had got significantly higher scores on SRF-S and IES-R. (5) Self-regulated fatigue partially mediated the relationship between impact of event and self-control. Conclusion: We found that the residents suffered a psychological impact during the outbreak of COVID-19 .The more self-control they were, the more self-regulated fatigue and psychological impact they suffered, and self-control could not only had an direct influence on psychological impact but also had affected it indirectly through self-regulated fatigue.
CELL MOTILITY PROTEINS IN ENDOMETRIUM CARCINOMA AND ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA: ASSOCIATION WITH CANCER RISK
Authors: Yunusova N. V. , Spirina L. V. , Chernyshova A. L. , Kolegova E. S. , Sidenko E. A. , Kolomiets L. A. , Kondakova I. V. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Proteins associated with cellular motility are known to play an important role in invasion and metastasis of cancer, however there is no evidence of their association with the development of malignant tumors including endometrial cancer (EC).The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of actin-binding proteins, p45-Ser-β-catenin, and calpain activity in endometrial hyperplasia and in EC.Material and Methods. Total calpain activity, p45-Ser β-catenin, Arp3, gelsolin, cofillin and thymosin β-4 levels were evaluated in 43 postmenopausal patients with stage I–II endometrioid EC and 40 endometrial hyperplasia patients. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were used for expression determination of p45 Ser β-catenin and actin-biding proteins. Total calpain activity was estimated by fluorimetric method.Results. Levels of cofilin-1, thymosin β-4 and calpain activity were higher in cancer tissues than in endometrial hyperplasia. Cofilin-1 and thymosin β-4 levels were associated with the depth of myometrial invasion. The thymosin β-4 expression was correlated with the presence of tumor cervical invasion. Revealed correlations between the actin-binding proteins, p45-Ser-β-catenin and total calpain activity in endometrial hyperplasia tissue, but not in the tissue of cancer, is evidence of the involvement of these proteases in regulation of cell migration in endometrial hyperplasia. Levels of thymosin β-4, cofilin and total calpain activity are independent cancer risk factors in patients with endometrial hyperplasia.Conclusion. The level of actin-binding proteins as well as the total calpain activity were enhanced in endometrium carcinoma tissues compared to endometrial hyperplasia. The levels of thymosinβ-4, cofilin and total calpain activity in endometrial hyperplasia tissues are associated with a hyperplasia transition to cancer and may be considered as predictive biomarkers.
Building check dams systems to achieve water resource efficiency: modelling to maximize water and ecosystem conservation benefits
Authors: Gao Yayu , Zhang Xiaoyou , Zhang Xinmin , Li Duan , Yang Min , Rongxiang Hua , Tian Jinhua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Among the most widespread structures for successfully retaining water and checking erosion on the semi-arid portions of China's Loess Plateau, check dams retain silt at slower than projected rates, leading to flood control issues. Meanwhile, the shortage and the uneven distribution of time and space of water resources in semi-arid areas can easily cause droughts and floods, which seriously restricted the rapid development of the socioeconomic. However, some of the high-quality rain and flood resources accumulated in the check dams can be used to alleviate part of the water resources crisis instead of causing flood. With the goal of holistically maximizing a projected check dam array's water resource, ecosystem and socioeconomic benefits, a Check Dam Benefit Maximization Model (CDBMM) was first developed. The CDBMM was first applied to the Si Jiagou Basin, and the model showed the total costs represent 7.07% of the total and rather significant benefits. Water resources benefits accounting for 45.40% of the total benefits, indicating that the water resources benefits were substantial and should be considered as the main influencing factors in the basin's ecosystem-friendly design and construction. Use of the CDBMM in watershed planning will allow a more efficient use of water and soil resources and greatly alleviate water crises in the semi-arid area. It can further provide a reference for both check dam system planning and the system benefits analysis.
Research on ecological environment impact assessment based on PSR and cloud theory in Dari county, source of the Yellow River
Authors: Yongqiang Wang , Zhijun Wu , Bo Yan , Kai Li , Feng Huang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to reasonably evaluate the ecological environment of Dari County in the source region of the Yellow River, the characteristics and actual conditions of Dari County's ecological environment are taken into account, and the principles of representativeness, scientificity, operability and systematicness of index are followed. An evaluation index system is established for Dari County based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) conceptual framework. Combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the cloud model, an ecological environment evaluation model for Dari County is established, and the ecological environment of Dari County is quantitatively evaluated. The model organically combines the ambiguity and randomness of the uncertainty concept. It not only describes the ambiguity of the evaluation level with a membership function, but also considers the randomness of the membership itself using the concept of superentropy, which is more in line with the actual evaluation object. The results indicate that the ecological situation of Dari County is in a ‘general’ state that should be urgently protected for sustainable development, and land degradation is the most important factor affecting the ecological environment of Dari County.
A review ofCryptosporidiumspp. and their detection in water
Authors: Hassan Eman M. , Örmeci Banu , DeRosa Maria C. , Dixon Brent R. , Sattar Syed A. , Iqbal Asma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCryptosporidium spp. are one of the most important waterborne pathogens worldwide and a leading cause of mortality from waterborne gastrointestinal diseases. Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in water can be very challenging due to their low numbers and the complexity of the water matrix. This review describes the biology of Cryptosporidium spp. and current methods used in their detection with a focus on C. parvum and C. hominis. Among the methods discussed and compared are microscopy, immunology-based methods using monoclonal antibodies, molecular methods including PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based assays, and emerging aptamer-based methods. These methods have different capabilities and limitations, but one common challenge is the need for better sensitivity and specificity, particularly in the presence of contaminants. The application of DNA aptamers in the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts shows promise in overcoming these challenges, and there will likely be significant developments in aptamer-based sensors in the near future.
Differential Methylation Signatures in Severely Calcified Carotid Plaques by Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Katano Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Yusuke , Yamada Hiroshi , Yamanaka Tomoyasu , Mase Mitsuhito 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The precise cellular behaviors of calcification, including its molecular and
genetic activities, have not yet been fully established for carotid plaques.

Objective:
We sought specific genes with tissue-specific differential methylation associated with carotid
calcification status.

Methods:
We classified eight plaques from carotid endarterectomy patients as high- or low-calcified
based on their Agatston calcium scores. We analyzed differential DNA methylation and performed
bioinformatics data mining.

Results:
A high correlation of average methylation levels (β-values) in promoter regions between
high- and low-calcified plaque groups was observed. A principal component analysis of DNA methylation
values in promoters of specimens revealed two independent clusters for high- and lowcalcified
plaques. Volcano plots for methylation differences in promoter regions showed that significantly
hypomethylated probes were more frequently found for high-calcified plaques than more
methylated probes. Differential hypomethylation of receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1)
in high-calcified plaques was commonly extracted in both the promoter region and the cytosinephosphate-
guanine (CpG) island shore region, where differential methylation had been reported to
be more tissue-specific. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis annotated a
pathway associated with vascular smooth muscle contraction in the differentially methylated genes
of the promoter and CpG island shore regions in high-calcified plaques.

Conclusion:
Among the extracted differentially methylated genes, hypomethylated genes were more
dominant than more methylated genes. The augmentation of RAMP1 by hypomethylation may contribute
to the enhancement of anti-atherosclerotic effects and hence stability in high-calcified
plaques. These results contribute to our understanding of the genetic signatures associated with calcification
status and cellular activity in carotid plaques.
Efficacy of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Compared With Standard Care for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review
Authors: Hariyanto Timotius Ivan , Kristine Elizabeth , Jillian Hardi Catherine , Kurniawan Andree 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered multi-organ
disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Currently, there are no official guidelines
on the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. Lopinavir/ritonavir is a licensed antiviral treatment
against HIV and has shown activity against other coronaviruses.

Objective:
In this study, we review the evidence of the use of lopinavir/ritonavir as a potential treatment
candidate against COVID-19.

Method:
This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020182067). A systematic
search of the literature for the observational and randomized controlled trial was conducted
in PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar through May 2nd, 2020. Two reviewers were independently
searched and selected. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Jadad scale, Newcastle-
Ottawa Quality assessment tool, and the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool.

Results:
A total of 1,965 articles were screened, from which 6 articles were selected. Of 6 articles
that were included in this study, 4 reported no significant benefit in clinical improvement with lopinavir/
ritonavir when compared to standard care of treatment, while 2 studies reported otherwise.
Lopinavir/ritonavir was also not associated with a reduction of 28-day mortality rate as reported by
1 included study. Most included studies reported gastrointestinal symptoms as side effects from
lopinavir/ritonavir therapy.

Conclusion:
There is not yet enough evidence to support the regular use of lopinavir/ritonavir in
the treatment of COVID-19. Further clinical trials are needed to evaluate lopinavir/ritonavir's efficacy
in treatment.
Implementasi pendidikan politik Gerakan Pemuda Ansor Kabupaten Karawang dalam menumbuhkan pemahaman nasionalisme generasi muda Nahdatul Ulama
Authors: Sanusi Aris Riswandi , Sofyan Fitri Silvia 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penyelenggaraan pendidikan politik yang dilakukan oleh GP Ansor Kabupaten Karawang serta peran ulama Nahdhatul Ulama terhadap pembentukan dan menumbuhkan pemahaman nasionalisme generasi muda Nahdhatul Ulama sesuai dengan komitmen Nahdhatul Ulama terhadap Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan penggunaan metode studi deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, studi dokumen, dan studi literatur dengan teknik pengolahan data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini yaitu pendidikan politik merupakan bagian penting yang harus dilaksanakan agar tercipta kader yang memahami politik sebelum terjun di masyarakat. Begitu pula kader haru diberikan pemahaman pula terkait nasionalisme sebagai dasar tindakan politik yang didasari hadis Hubbul Wathan Minal Iman. Adapun pelaksanaan pendidikan politik yang dilakukan GP Ansor Kabupaten Karawang meliputi Pelatihan Kader Dasar dan pengembangan kader yang dilakukan dalam bentuk diskusi, pelatihan pengembangan profesi, pendidikan bela negara, dan pelatihan ekonomi Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT). ABSTRACTThis study aims to describe the implementation of political education carried out by GP Ansor Karawang and the role of NU ulama in forming an understanding of the nationalism of the younger generation of Nahdhatul Ulama in accordance with Nahdhatul Ulama's commitment to the Republic of Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, document study, and literature study with data processing techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. The result of this research is political education is an important part that must be implemented in order to create cadres who understand politics before joining the community. Likewise, cadres must also be given an understanding of nationalism as the basis for political action based on the hadith of Hubbul Wathan Minal Iman. The implementation of political education by GP Ansor Karawang includes basic training and development in the form of discussions, professional development training, state defense education, and economic training Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT)
Pemenuhan hak transportasi publik warga negara lansia di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Kuncorowati Puji Wulandari , Dewi Utami , Fitriana Kurnia Nur , Yuanjaya Pandhu 
Published: October 2020

Prioritas kebutuhan lanjut usia di ranah publik lebih pada fasilitas umum yang aksesibel. Masih banyak fasilitas publik yang tergolong belum ramah lanjut usia, prioritas kebutuhan lanjut usia di ranah publik lebih pada fasilitas umum yang aksesibel. Masih banyak fasilitas publik yang tergolong belum ramah lanjut usia. Pemenuhan hak yang sudah dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah Yogyakarta dalam pemberian pelayaan inklusif dalam bidang pelayanan publik terhadap orang lanjut usia dalam penyediaan pelayanan publik dibidang transportasi diharapkan memperhatikan aksesibel bagi kaum lansia sudah semakin mendesak untuk dilakukan. Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta telah memberikan aksi nyata dalam upaya penyediaan pelayanan transportasi (terutama darat) yang memadai, adil dan bermartabat bagi seluruh warga DIY termasuk kaum lansia. Meskipun demikian, penyediaan pelayanan transportasi di DIY belum dapat dikatakan ramah kepada lansia sepenuhnya baik secara arsitektural maupun struktural. Bahkan di beberapa kabupaten di DIY yaitu Bantul, Kulon Progo dan Gunungkidul, pemerintah kabupaten belum memberikan perhatian kepada pemenuhan kebutuhan lansia dalam pelayanan transportasi.