bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crazy-paving Pattern in Chest CT&nbsp;of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients; an Alarming Sign for Hospitalization&nbsp;
Authors: Baeis Mehdi Gholamzadeh , Mozafari Abolfazl , Movaseghi Fatemeh , Yadollahzadeh Mehdi , Sohrabi Ahmad , Afsharpad Mandana , Masjedi Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) becomes an enormous threat to all human beings. Via this retrospective study conducted on medical records of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients on admission, we investigate the CT manifestation and clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia and assessed the association among clinical and laboratory records, CT findings, and epidemiological features. The medical records and radiological CT Features of 236 confirmed COVID-19 patients were reviewed at one public hospital and one respiratory clinic in Quom, from 1 August to 30 September 2020. Results: Among a total of 236 confirmed Covid-19 cases, 62 were infected with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease and required hospital admission, and 174 were followed up on outpatient bases. A significant difference was verified in the mean age between outpatients and hospitalized groups. The incidences of bilateral lung involvement, consolidation, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram sign, and the number of lobe involvement were significantly higher in hospitalized groups. However, only the crazy-paving pattern was significantly associated with an SpO2 level lower than 90%, with clinical sign of cough severity. Our data indicate that this pattern is also significantly associated with inflammatory levels and the presence of this pattern along with SpO2 level lower than 90%, older age, diabetes, on admission are independent risk factors for COVID-19 progression to severe level.Conclusions: The crazy-paving pattern can predict the severity of COVID-19, which is of great significance for the management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia patients. The clinical factors of aging, male gender, and diabetes, may be risk factors for the crazy-paving pattern, whereas severe coughing is considered to be the most important clinical symptom related to this pattern, and SpO2 level lower than 90%, which is a matter of more severity.
Maternal-fetal Complications in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Comparison Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Guarnotta Valentina , Mineo Mariagrazia Irene , Giacchetto Emanuela , Imbergamo Maria Pia , GIORDANO Carla 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was a retrospective comparison of the differences in maternal-foetal outcomes between women with T1DM and T2DM Methods: A cohort of 135 patients with pre-gestational diabetes, 73 with T1DM (mean age 29 ± 5 years) and 62 with T2DM (mean age 33 ± 6 years), in intensive insulin treatment throughout pregnancy were evaluated. Clinical and metabolic parameters and the prevalence of maternal and foetal complications were assessed.Results: Women with T1DM showed lower pregestational BMI (p <0.001), pregestational weight (p<0.001), weight at delivery (p<0.001), ∆_total insulin requirement at the first, second and third trimesters (all p<0.001) and higher weight gain during pregnancy (p<0.001) pregestational HbA1c (p= 0.040), HbA1c in the first (p= 0.004), second (p= 0.020) and third (p= 0.010) trimesters than T2DM. Women with T1DM had a higher risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (p= 0.005) than T2DM, while women with T2DM showed higher prevalence of abortion (p= 0.037) than T1DM. At multivariate analysis, pregestational BMI and ∆_total insulin requirement of the first trimester were independently associated with abortion in T2DM, while weight gain during pregnancy was independently associated with LGA in T1DM.Conclusion: Women with T1DM have a higher risk of LGA than T2DM due to the weight gain throughout pregnancy. By contrast, women with T2DM have a higher risk of spontaneous abortion than T1DM, due to pregestational BMI and ∆_total insulin requirement in the first trimester.
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Infant Motor Profile in Infants at Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Rizzi Riccardo , Menici Valentina , Cioni Maria Luce , Cecchi Alessandra , Barzacchi Veronica , Beani Elena , Giampietri Matteo , Cioni Giovanni , Sgandurra Giuseppina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Preterm infants and infants with perinatal brain injury show higher incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The Infant Motor Profile (IMP) is a clinical assessment which evaluates the complexity of early motor behaviour. More data are needed to confirm its predictive ability and concurrent validity with other common and valid assessments such as the Alberta Infant Motor Profile (AIMS) and the Prechtl’s General Movement Assessment (GMA). The present study aims to evaluate the concurrent validity of IMP with AIMS, to assess its association with GMA, to evaluate how IMP reflects the severity of the brain injury and to compare the ability of IMP and AIMS to predict abnormal outcome in 5-months infants at risk of NDD.Methods: 86 infants at risk of NDD were retrospectively recruited among the participants of two clinical trials. Preterm infants with or without perinatal brain injury and term infants with brain injury were assessed at 3 months corrected age (CA) using GMA and at 5 months CA using IMP and AIMS. Neurodevelopmental outcome was established at 18 months.Results: Results confirm a solid concurrent validity between IMP and AIMS (Spearman’s ρ 0.76; p<.001) and significant association between IMP and GMA. Unlike AIMS, IMP Total score accurately reflects the severity of neonatal brain injury (p<.001) and results to be the strongest predictor of NDD (p<.001). Confrontation of areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) confirms that IMP Total score has the highest diagnostic accuracy at 5 months (AUC 0.92). For an optimal IMP cut-off value of 70, the assessment shows high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (81%) (PPV 84%; NPV 90%).Conclusions: Early motor behaviour assessed with IMP is strongly associated with middle-term neurodevelopmental outcome. The present study confirms the concurrent validity of IMP with AIMS, its association with GMA and its ability to reflect brain lesion load contributing to the construct validity of the assessment.Trial registration: NCT01990183 and NCT03234959 (clinicaltrials.gov)
The COL27A1 Gene Polymorphism in Children with Tic Disorder in Southern China and Its Clinical Association
Authors: Lin Hai-Sheng , Li Bing-Xiao , Chen Wen-Xiong , Zhang Zhan-Hui , Liu Guo-Sheng , Wen Jun-Jie , Yang Si-Yuan , Wang Ling , Tao Cong , Li Chun-Qing , Chen Rui-Qiong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) (rs4979356, rs4979357 and rs7868992) of COL27A1 has been reported to correlate with Tourette Syndrome (TS) patients in European countries as well as northern Chinese population, though there are lack of relevant studies in southern Chinese population. In this study we aimed to evaluate the distribution of COL27A1(rs4979356, rs4979357 and rs7868992) gene polymorphism and its clinical relationship in children with Tic disorder (TD) in southern China.Methods: The children with TD between November 2018 to August 2019 from Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center were recruited and followed up. The control children from normal primary school were also recruited. The SNP of COL27A1 (rs4979356, rs4979357 and rs7868992) was detected in child from each groups by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Sanger sequencing.Results: A total of 114 children with TD and 100 healthy control children were included. 111 out of 114 TD’s children were followed up more than one year, including 32 with transient tic disorder (TTD) (Age:7.58±2.402;), 45 with chronic tic disorder (CTD) (Age:: 8.72±2.312;) and 34 with Tourette Syndrome (TS)(Age:: 8.85±2.720) respectively. The genotype frequency and gene frequency of rs4979356, rs4979357 and rs7868992 from COL27A1 showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the both groups；The distribution of genotype CG of COL27A1 rs4979356 in TS group was significantly higher than that in TTD+CTD group( P=0.002) and in control group (P=0.001)；there was no significant difference in allele frequency among each groups (P＞0.05)；Genotype TC of COL27A1 rs4979357 was significantly more distributed in TS group than in TTD+CTD group (P=0.004) and control group (P=0.001)；There was no significant difference in allele frequency among three groups (P＞0.05);Genotype GA of COL27A1 rs7868992 was significantly more distributed in TS group than in TTD+CTD group (P=0.018) and control group (P=0.035). The distribution of G allele frequency in CTD group was significantly higher than that in TS group ( P=0.025), while the difference of other allele frequency between the groups was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion: The genotype CG of rs4979356, the genotype TC of rs4979357 and the genotype GA of rs7868992 might serve as the high risk factors in children with TS in southern China.
Exchange Rate, Terms of Trade and Employment Nexus: Evidence From Turkey
Authors: Uddin Muhammad Salah , Hasan Mahadi , Ahmed Zobayer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the real exchange rate (RER) on employment, and real wage using quarterly disaggregated data (ISIC Rev 4 classification) composed of 19 industries in Turkey from 2010 to 2017. In our study, we employed the Fixed Effect Model, where industry-specific effects are used to control heterogeneity within the sectors. Moreover, robustness is applied to get rid of the heteroscedasticity in the error terms. Our results find that the currency appreciation has a negative, however insignificant effect on employment; whereas it has a significant positive impact on real wage. Generally, the terms of trade has no remarkable impact on employment and real wages; however, the larger industries have a substantial adverse impact on employment. Nevertheless, the interaction between currency appreciation and the top 25 per cent larger industries indicates a moderate increase in employment. The findings reflect that the appreciation of the domestic currency decreases employment at the industry level. The originality of this paper includes the effects of the terms of trade and interaction with currency appreciation in larger industries using Fixed Effect Model approach.
Impact of Child Development at Primary School Entry on Adolescent Health – Protocol for a Participatory Systematic Review.
Authors: Black Michelle , Barnes Amy , Strong Mark , Taylor-Robinson David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundReducing child health inequalities is a global health priority and evidence suggests that optimal development of knowledge, skills and attributes in early childhood could reduce health risks across the life course. Despite a strong policy rhetoric on giving children the ‘best start in life’, socioeconomic inequalities in children’s development when they start school persist. So too do inequalities in child and adolescent health. These in turn influence health inequalities in adulthood. Understanding how developmental processes affect health in the context of socioeconomic factors as children age could inform a holistic policy approach to health and development from childhood through to adolescence. However the relationship between child development and early adolescent health consequences is poorly understood. Therefore the aim of this review is to summarise evidence on the associations between child development at primary school starting age (3-7 years) and subsequent health in adolescence (8 -15 years) and the factors that mediate or moderate this relationship. MethodA participatory systematic review method will be used. The search strategy will include; searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA and ERIC), grey literature, reference searches and discussions with stakeholders. Articles will be screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria at title and abstract level, and at full article level. Studies reporting a measure of child development at the age of starting school and health outcomes in early adolescence, from a member country of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, will be included. Studies will be assessed for quality using appropriate tools. A conceptual model, produced with stakeholders at the outset of the study, will act as a framework for extracting and analysing evidence. The model will be refined through analysis of the included literature. Narrative synthesis will be used to generate findings and produce a diagram of the relationship between child development and adolescent health. DiscussionThe review will elucidate how children’s development at the age of starting school is related to subsequent health outcomes in contexts of socioeconomic inequality. This will inform ways to intervene to improve health and reduce health inequality in adolescents. The findings will generate knowledge of cross-sector relevance for health and education and promote inter-sectoral coherence in addressing health inequalities throughout childhood. Systematic Review RegistrationThis systematic review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO CRD42020210011.
HIV Incidence Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Mainland China: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Huang Wenting , Wang Liming , Mi Guodong , Zahn Ryan J. , Taussig Jennifer , Peterson Shenita R. , Baral Stefan , Moore Renee H. , Huang Xiaojie , Hou Jianhua , Sullivan Patrick S. , Siegler Aaron J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV in China. Globally, younger MSM has been shown to be at higher risk for incident HIV infections, but there has been substantial variation in the estimates of age-stratified HIV incidence among MSM in mainland China, potentially due to regional differences in the nature of the epidemic. Given the need for quality epidemiological data to meet the global goal of ending new HIV infections by 2030, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine age-stratified HIV incidence in mainland China, including consideration by geographic region and time.Methods: This review will include longitudinal studies, cross-sectional surveys, and surveillance reports among MSM in mainland China that have reported HIV incidence. We will search studies and reports published from January 1, 2003 to April 30, 2020 in both English and Chinese language literature databases. For each study considered, two reviewers will independently screen, determine eligibility, and extract relevant data, with discrepancies resolved by consensus of a third reviewer. The methodological quality of included studies will be assessed by the Quality Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies Score (QATSO). We will develop age-stratified estimates of HIV incidence with geographic variations and temporal trends. Heterogeneity will be examined using statistical techniques appropriate to the dataset. For subgroup analyses, we will conduct mixed-effects meta-analysis models. Discussion: This review will contribute to a better understanding of the HIV epidemic among MSM in mainland China by providing age-stratified estimates of HIV incidence with a portrayal of geographic and temporal variations. Findings will reflect epidemic dynamics, informing local and national intervention programs and policies for HIV prevention, and providing estimation data to inform future research among MSM in China. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: ID 154834.
Mitochondrial Activity Regulates Skin-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Into Brown Adipocyte Contributing to Hypertension
Authors: Xi Da Wen , Chen Dong Wen , Sun Hong Wei , Li Xiao Xiang , Suo Min Zhi , LI QUN , Gao Jin Ping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Brown adipocytes (BAs) are the major component of brown adipose tissue (BAT) that is closely related to systemic hypertension. BAs are derived from multiple progenitors including PDGFRα+ adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Skin-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (S-MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes. However, the differentiation of S-MSCs into BAs remains unexplored. We aim to study the ability and regulation mechanism of S-MSCs differentiation into BAs, and the direct role of BAT in blood pressure regulation. Methods: Protein expression was measured by Flow Cytometry or Western blotting, and gene mRNA levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). For the BA differentiation of S-MSCs, S-MSCs were stimulated with a brown adipogenic cocktail containing insulin, IBMX, dexamethasone, triiodothyronine (T3), and rosiglitazone for the indicated periods. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured with an XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Mitochondrial mass was checked by flow cytometry and fluorescence staining. Hypertensive mouse model was induced in WT mice by infusion with angiotensin II (Ang II) and measured SBP using tail-cuff. The interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT)-deficiency mice were gotten by surgically removing the iBAT depot and allowed to recover for 6 days. Aorta, iBAT or heart tissue sections were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Results: We found that S-MSCs isolated from the mouse dermis expressed the stem cell markers CD90/105 and PDGFRα, and readily differentiated into BAs. Mitochondrial biogenesis and oxygen consumption were markedly increased during BA differentiation of S-MSCs in vitro. Another, Ang II-induced hypertensive mice carried the change of iBAT to white adipose tissue (WAT), the enhanced Ang II-induced blood pressure and vascular remodeling were observed in BAT-deficient mice generated by surgically removing iBAT comparing with C57BL/6 (wild type-WT) mice. Conclusions: S-MSCs represent a useful in vitro model for differentiation of BAs regulated by mitochondrial activity, and are progenitors of BAs. This study indicates that PDGFRα+ S-MSCs could differentiate into BAs, and BAT plays a direct role in Ang II-induced hypertension and target organ remodeling.
Maximising uptake and utilization of molecular diagnostics: lessons from implementation evaluation of tuberculosis diagnostics
Authors: Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Orina Fred , Mwebaza Ivan , Liyoyo Alphonce , Miheso Barbara , Aturinde Augustus , Njeleka Fred , Njeleka Fred , Msoka Elizabeth F , Meme Helen , Sanga Erica , Sanga Erica , Kuchaka Davis , Mwanyonga Simeon , Olomi Willyhelmina , Minja Linda , Minja Linda , Joloba Moses , Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , Amukoye Evans , Gillespie Stephen H , Sabiiti Wilber 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB), a treatable disease claims over a million lives every year. Accurate rapid diagnosis is crucial for early treatment initiation and prevention of severe disease. Despite over 10 years approval of molecular diagnostics for routine use, an estimated 3 million TB cases go undetected per year. We investigated the barriers and opportunities to maximise uptake and utilization of molecular diagnostics in routine healthcare settings. Methods: We deployed surveys, healthcare facility audits, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and policymaker dialogues to unravel factors affecting the uptake and utilization of TB molecular diagnostics in three East African countries. The benchmark was the World Health Organization approved Xpert MTB/RIF and Line Probe Assay (LPA) implemetation at district and regional hospital level respectively. Results: 190 district and county health officers participated in the survey. The survey findings were corroborated by 145 healthcare facility (HCF) audits and 11 policymaker engagement workshops. At 66% coverage, Xpert MTB/RIF fell behind microscopy and clinical diagnosis by 33% and 1% respectively across 190 districts/counties. Stratified by HCF type, Xpert MTB/RIF implementation was 56%, 96% and 95% at district-, regional- and national referral- hospital level. LPA coverage was 4%, 3% below culture across the three countries. Out of 111 HCFs with Xpert MTB/RIF, 37 (33%) utilized it to full capacity, performing ≥8 tests per day of which 51% of these were level five (zonal consultant and national referral) HCFs. Likewise, 75% of LPA test performance was at level five HCFs. Underutilization of Xpert MTB/RIF and LPA was mainly attributed to inadequate- human resource, 22% and utilities, 26% respectively. Absence of the diagnostic services was attributed to under financing. Lack of awareness was second to underfinancing as reason underlying absence of LPA service. Creation of a health tax and decentralising collection and management of this tax to district/county level was proposed by policymakers as means to boost domestic financing for uptake of health technologies. Conclusion Our findings show higher uptake and utilization of molecular and other diagnostics at tertiary- than primary-secondary- level HCFs. Innovative implementation models to ensure quality access at lower level HCFs are urgently needed.
Screening and molecular characterization of cholesterol-lowering lactic acid bacteria isolated from African oil palm wine (Elaeis guineensis) and corn beer.
Authors: Fossi Betrand Tatsinkou , Ekabe Dickson Ebwelle , Toukam Laure , Tatsilong Henri Olivier , Gagneux-Brunon Anandine , Nkenfou Celine , Bongue Bienvenu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: High serum cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), leading to many fatalities. Probiotic supplementation improves health benefits by lowering serum cholesterol. African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) wine and corn beer have been described as potential sources of probiotic bacteria, but their cholesterol lowering activity has not been extensively investigated. Therefore in this study, we isolated and characterized lactic acid bacteria with probiotic and cholesterol lowering properties from these sources.Methods: A total of fifty lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from palm wine and corn beer using de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar by pour plate method. Catalase negative and Gram positive colonies were considered as presumptive LAB. For probiotic properties and selection, acid and bile salt tolerance were evaluated based on viable colony count on MRS agar and cholesterol assimilation from culture media was performed by spectrophotometry. The data analysis was performed by One Way Analysis of Variance and p value< 0.05 was considered significant. The isolates with excellent cholesterol assimilation properties were selected and identified with species of morphology and biochemical analysis using API 50 CHL kit and genotypic identification by sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene.Results: Fifty isolates had morphological features similar to LAB. They were catalase negative and Gram positive colonies. Among the fifty isolates, five were considered as acid and bile tolerant (viable count exceeded 6logCFU/ml), with two isolates having excellent cholesterol assimilation property (>80%). The result obtained using API 50 CHL kit did not agree with the genotypic identification which was used to confirm the identity of the isolates as most closely related to Lactobacillus brevis ATCC (Accession No.NR116238) and Enterococcus faeccium NBRC (Accession No. NR113904).Conclusions: The two strains isolated from traditionally fermented drinks in Buea can be considered as potential probiotics. They can therefore be used to formulate food supplement needed to lower cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia patients.