bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are temperature sensitivities of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus impacted by nutrient availability in the subtropical northwest Pacific?
Authors: Liu Kailin , Suzuki Koji , Chen Bingzhang , Liu Hongbin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTemperature sensitivity of phytoplankton growth rate is crucial for predicting the effect of global warming on oceanic primary productivity and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. To investigate how nutrient availability affects the temperature sensitivity of phytoplankton growth, we estimated the activation energy (Ea) of two dominant picocyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus) in the subtropical northwest Pacific using short‐term temperature modulated dilution experiments. We also conducted a meta‐analysis on a compiled dataset of picocyanobacteria growth rate estimated by the dilution technique. Our results revealed that the Ea of Synechococcus growth rate under in situ nutrient conditions was lower than under nutrient‐replete conditions. The growth response of Synechococcus to warming could, therefore, be weaker under nutrient‐limiting conditions than in nutrient‐replete waters. In contrast, Ea values of Prochlorococcus growth rate showed no difference between the two nutrient supply scenarios. We also found that the reduced Ea of Synechococcus growth was most likely related to the increasing trend of the half‐saturation constants for growth with increasing temperature. The temperature sensitivity of half‐saturation constants and the level of nutrient limitation can counteract the response of Synechococcus growth rate to increasing temperature. Our results highlight the importance of considering nutrient availability when evaluating the responses of phytoplankton growth and primary production to climate warming, especially in the oligotrophic ocean.
Recent Progress on Broadband Organic Photodetectors and their Applications
Authors: Zhao Zijin , Xu Chunyu , Niu Lianbin , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Fujun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs a promising candidate for next‐generation photodetectors, organic photodetectors (OPDs) outperform the commercial inorganic photodetectors in terms of solution and large‐area processability, mechanical flexibility, tunable spectral response range, low‐cost manufacturing, and light weight. The OPDs with broadband spectral response attract an extensive attention due to their potential in wide application fields, such as flexible image sensing, surveillance, and health monitoring. In this review, recent advances in broadband OPDs are summarized as two sections: i) Photodiode type OPDs (PD‐OPDs) based on thick‐film strategy, ternary strategy, interfacial engineering, and multilayered strategy. ii) Photomultiplication type OPDs (PM‐OPDs) with traps in active layer, traps in interfacial layer, and charge blocking layer. Some real applications on image sensors and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are also introduced on the basis of broadband OPDs. New insights on developing the broadband OPDs are put forward for improvement of broadband OPDs.
Attribution of Amazon floods to modes of climate variability: A review
Authors: Towner Jamie , Cloke Hannah L. , Lavado Waldo , Santini William , Bazo Juan , Coughlan de Perez Erin , Stephens Elisabeth M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnomalous conditions in the oceans and atmosphere have the potential to be used to enhance the predictability of flood events, enabling earlier warnings to reduce risk. In the Amazon basin, extreme flooding is consistently attributed to warmer or cooler conditions in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic oceans, with some evidence linking floods to other hydroclimatic drivers such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). This review evaluates the impact of several hydroclimatic drivers on rainfall and river discharge regimes independently, aggregating all the information of previous studies to provide an up‐to‐date depiction of what we currently know and do not know about how variations in climate impact flooding in the Amazon. Additionally, 34 major flood events that have occurred since 1950 in the Amazon and their attribution to climate anomalies are documented and evaluated. This review finds that despite common agreement within the literature describing the relationship between phases of climate indices and hydrometeorological variables, results linking climate anomalies and flood hazard are often limited to correlation rather than to causation, while the understanding of their usefulness for flood forecasting is weak. There is a need to understand better the ocean–atmosphere response mechanisms that led to previous flood events. In particular, examining the oceanic and atmospheric conditions preceding individual hydrological extremes, as opposed to composite analysis, could provide insightful information into the magnitude and spatial distribution of anomalous sea surface temperatures required to produce extreme floods. Importantly, such an analysis could provide meaningful thresholds on which to base seasonal flood forecasts.
The dose response of high‐resolution diode‐type detectors and the role of their structural components in strong magnetic field
Authors: Tekin Tuba , Blum Isabel , Delfs Björn , Schönfeld Ann‐Britt , Kapsch Ralf‐Peter , Poppe Björn , Looe Hui Khee 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the dose response of diode‐type detectors in the presence of strong magnetic field and to understand the underlying mechanisms leading to the observed magnetic field dependence by close examinations on the role of the detector’s design.Materials and methodsThree clinical diode‐type detectors (PTW microSilicon type 60023, PTW microDiamond type 60019, and IBA Razor diode) have been studied. Measurements were performed at the linear accelerator experimental facility of the German National Metrology Institute (PTB, Braunschweig) with electromagnets up to 1.4 T to obtain the magnetic field correction factors . The experimental results were compared to Monte Carlo simulations. Stepwise modifications of the detectors’ models were performed to characterize the contributions of the structural components toward the magnetic field‐dependent dose response. Additionally, systematic Monte Carlo study was conducted to elucidate the influence of the structural layers with varying density located above and beneath the detector’s sensitive volume.ResultsThe dose response of all investigated detectors decreases with magnetic field. As a result, the associated factors increase by approximately 10% for the PTW detectors, and by 5% for the IBA Razor diode at 1.5 T. The sensitive volume itself was shown to cause negligible effect but the diode substrate with enhanced density situated directly below the sensitive volume contributes strongest to the observed magnetic field dependence. Systematic simulations revealed that increases with magnetic field if the density of the structural layer located beneath the sensitive volume is higher than that of normal water (>1 g/cm3). In the case where the layer consists of low‐density water (1.2 mg/cm3), decreases with the magnetic field strength. On the contrary , if the structural layer with varying density is situated above the sensitive volume, the reversed effect could be observed.Discussion and conclusionThe experimental and Monte Carlo results demonstrated that the dose response of the investigated diode‐type detectors decreases in magnetic field. This observation can be generally attributed to the common construction of diode‐type detectors, where structural components with enhanced density, for example the diode substrate, are situated below the sensitive volume. The results provide deeper insights into the behavior of clinical diode detectors when used in strong magnetic field.
Development of an extended Macro Monte Carlo method for efficient and accurate dose calculation in magnetic fields
Authors: Kueng R. , Guyer G. , Volken W. , Frei D. , Stabel F. , Stampanoni M. F. M. , Manser P. , Fix M. K. 
Published: October 2020

MotivationProgress in the field of magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided radiotherapy has triggered the need for fast and accurate dose calculation in presence of magnetic fields. The aim of this work is to satisfy this need by extending the macro Monte Carlo (MMC) method to enable dose calculation for photon, electron, and proton beams in a magnetic field.MethodsThe MMC method is based on the transport of particles in macroscopic steps through an absorber by sampling the relevant physical quantities from a precalculated database containing probability distribution functions. To enable MMC particle transport in a magnetic field, a transformation accounting for the Lorentz force is applied for each macro step by rotating the sampled position and direction around the magnetic field vector. The transformed position and direction distributions on local geometries are validated against full MC for electron and proton pencil beams. To enable photon dose calculation, an in‐house MC algorithm is used for photon transport and interaction. Emerging secondary charged particles are passed to MMC for transport and energy deposition. The extended MMC dose calculation accuracy and efficiency is assessed by comparison with EGSnrc (photon and electron beams) and Geant4 (proton beam) calculated dose distributions of different energies and homogeneous magnetic fields for broad beams impinging on water phantoms with bone and lung inhomogeneities.ResultsThe geometric transformation on the local geometries is able to reproduce the results of full MC for all investigated settings (difference in mean value and standard deviation <1%). Macro Monte Carlo calculated dose distributions in a homogeneous magnetic field are in agreement with EGSnrc and Geant4, respectively, with gamma passing rates >99.6% (global 2%, 2 mm and 10% threshold criteria) for all situations. MMC achieves a substantial efficiency gain of up to a factor of 21 (photon beam), 66 (electron beam), and 356 (proton beam) compared to EGSnrc or Geant4.ConclusionEfficient and accurate dose calculation in magnetic fields was successfully enabled by utilizing the developed extended MMC transport method for photon, electron, and proton beams.
Genetic Evidence of Introduced Redeye Bass and Alabama Bass and Hybridization with Native Micropterus spp. in Town Creek, Alabama, USA
Authors: Lewis Matthew R. , Ekema Phil , Holley Mike , Peatman Eric J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The black basses Micropterus spp. are among the most important game fishes in the United States. Translocation by both anglers and state agencies for increased angling opportunity has led to widespread hybridization between native and nonnative species. The use of species-diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for black basses has allowed for rapid assessment of species identification and hybridization in rivers and streams. Here, we report genetic evidence for the presence of Redeye Bass M. coosae and Alabama Bass M. henshalli outside of their native range and their hybridization with native species of black bass in Town Creek, a tributary of the Tennessee River. To determine which black bass species were present in the creek, four sites were sampled using both angling and backpack electrofishing. Sampled DNA from fin clips was analyzed using a diagnostic SNP panel. Genetic results confirmed that Redeye Bass and Alabama Bass were present as nonnative congeners in the creek. Interestingly, no pure individual Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu or Spotted Bass M. punctulatus were found, although both species are native to the stream. Phenotypic identification followed by genotypic classification revealed that 62% of the fish collected for this study were misidentified in the field, with 100% of those being hybrids, indicating the importance of genetic assessment in conjunction with classic morphometrics for the management of black basses. Further studies are needed to determine whether seasonality plays a role in species presence and abundance and whether population profiles identified here are observed more broadly within the Tennessee River system.
Transactional and in‐store display data of a large supermarket for data‐driven decision‐making
Authors: Zhao Lin , Li Lefei , Shen Zuo‐Jun Max 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article describes daily and monthly transactional and in‐store display data of a large supermarket from January to October in 2019 associated with 28 757 stock‐keeping units (SKUs) in 5 categories and 41 subcategories. The database contains five parts, including information about each SKU, in‐store display, daily sales, inventory, and replenishment. We also propose some research questions related to assortment planning, pricing, inventory management, and customer behavior. Researchers are welcome to develop data‐driven models or other innovative methods to address these questions or other practical problems using this database.
A Fourier‐based machine learning technique with application in engineering
Authors: Peigney Michaël 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe generic problem in supervised machine learning is to learn a function f from a collection of samples, with the objective of predicting the value taken by f for any given input. In effect, the learning procedure consists in constructing an explicit function that approximates f in some sense. In this article is introduced a Fourier‐based machine learning method which could be an alternative or a complement to neural networks for applications in engineering. The basic idea is to extend f into a periodic function so as to use partial sums of the Fourier series as approximations. For this approach to be effective in high dimension, it proved necessary to use several ideas and concepts such as regularization, Sobol sequences and hyperbolic crosses. An attractive feature of the proposed method is that the training stage reduces to a quadratic programming problem. The presented method is first applied to some examples of high‐dimensional analytical functions, which allows some comparisons with neural networks to be made. An application to a homogenization problem in nonlinear conduction is discussed in detail. Various examples related to global sensitivity analysis, assessing effective energies of microstructures, and solving boundary value problems are presented.
Associations of the related factors of depression, social support and social participation in kyungro‐dang among older adults in South Korea: A structural equation modelling analysis
Authors: Lee Hocheol , Moon Seokjun , Song Geurum , Nam Eun Woo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the correlations between depression, social support and social participation among older adults in farming villages and identify their associations with the use of senior leisure and welfare facilities, called kyungro‐dang, so as to provide foundational data for promoting community care in rural farming communities.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used to identify kyungro‐dang use among the 156 participants—older adults aged 65.MethodsData were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modelling.ResultsOlder adults with high social support and social participation tended to use kyungro‐dang less. Our findings contribute foundational data to promote community care through kyungro‐dang. Ministry of Health and Welfare (MoHW) plans to enforce to “Comprehensive community care plan” through kyungro‐dang in rural area. The result of this study shows the relation between Kyungro‐dang and social support, social participation, depression. This study recommends that MoHW in Korea focuses on enhance social support and social participation to gather before policy implications.
Cost‐effectiveness of a telehealth intervention for in‐home dementia care support: Findings from the FamTechCare clinical trial
Authors: Shaw Clarissa A. , Williams Kristine N. , Lee Robert H. , Coleman Carissa K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDetermining the cost‐effectiveness of technological interventions is a crucial aspect in assuring these interventions can be adopted. The FamTechCare intervention is an innovative telehealth support that links family caregivers of persons living with dementia to tailored feedback from dementia care experts based on caregiver‐initiated video recordings of challenging care situations. The FamTechCare intervention has demonstrated significant reductions in caregiver depression and increases in caregiver competence when compared to standard telephone support. The purpose of this article is to report on the cost‐effectiveness of the FamTechCare telehealth intervention. Process‐based costing and a cost‐effectiveness analysis using the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was completed with 68 caregiver and person living dementia with dyads. The cost of the 12‐week FamTechCare telehealth intervention was found to be greater ($48.43 per dyad per week) due to the telehealth equipment, recording application, and expert panel time compared with the telephone support intervention ($6.96 per dyad per week). The ICER was $18.51 for caregiver depression and $36.31 for caregiver competence indicating that it cost no more than $36.38 per dyad per week over 12 weeks to achieve significant improvement in depression and competence in the FamTechCare caregivers compared to the telephone support caregivers. The FamTechCare intervention appears to be cost‐effective when compared to the telephone support intervention and remains near the willingness‐to‐pay threshold for caregivers providing in‐home dementia care support.
Breast Cancer-Specific Mortality in Small-Sized Tumor with Stage IV Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Zheng Yi-Zi , Wang Xian-Ming , Fan Lei , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Small-sized primary tumor does not always indicate a better prognosis. We hypothesized that very small primary breast tumors with extensive lymph node (LN) metastases represented an aggressive biologic behavior in stage IV disease.

Materials and Methods
Data between 2010 and 2015 were retrieved retrospectively from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database with inclusion criteria of female sex, unilateral, metastatic, and T1/2 invasive ductal carcinoma. Primary study variables included T stage, N stage, grade, metastatic sites, number of involved sites, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. Kaplan-Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models with interaction terms were used. One-, 2- and 3-year breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) was examined according to tumor size.

Results
We identified 5,340 eligible patients with breast cancer. In multivariate analysis, race, age, grade, molecular subtype, surgery, brain metastases, and liver metastases were found to be independently associated with BCSM. For T1 tumors, the N0, N1, and N2+ groups had the same BCSM. In tumors smaller than 50 mm, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year BCSM did not decline with the decrease of tumor size. For triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), the T1a/T1bN2+ group had significantly worse BCSM than any other group did.

Conclusion
Patients with stage IV cancer with small-sized tumors may have BCSM as high as those with larger tumors. In TNBCs, very small tumors with severe LN involvement are associated with the worst BCSM. Continued efforts are needed to further investigate Ta1/T1bN2 + M1 TNBCs and individualize the treatment for affected patients.

Implications for Practice
This study revealed that for stage IV breast cancer, smaller primary tumors were not always associated with better breast cancer-specific mortality. This study illustrated that very small triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) with extensive regional lymph node involvement may be a surrogate for biologically aggressive disease. Because of poor prognosis of T1a/T1bN2+ TNBCs, there might be an urgent need of more individualized treatment for affected patients. Future correlative studies ought to focus on the genetic and molecular differences in Ta1/T1bN2+ TNBCs that contribute to the biological behavior. Clarification of the regulation mechanism of very small-sized primary TNBCs with metastatic outgrowth in nodes and distant sites will play an integral role in developing targeted therapies.
Theoretical Design of Biodegradable Phthalic Acid Ester Derivatives in Marine and Freshwater Environments
Authors: Zhang Haigang , Zhao Chengji , Na Hui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe biodegradability of phtalic acid esters in marine and freshwater environments was characterized by their binding free energy with corresponding degrading enzymes. According to comprehensive biodegradation effects weights, the binding free energy values were converted into dimensionless efficacy coefficient using ratio normalization method. Then, considering comprehensive dual biodegradation effects value and the structural parameters of PAEs in both marine and freshwater environments, a 3D‐QSAR pharmacophore model was constructed, five PAE derivatives (DBP−COOH, DBP−CHO, DBP−OH, DINP−NH2, and DINP−NO2) were screened out based on their environmental friendliness, functionality and stability. The prediction of biodegradation effects on five PAE derivatives by biodegradation models in marine and freshwater environment increased by 15.90 %, 15.84 %, 27.21 %, 12.33 %, and 8.32 %, and 21.57 %, 15.21 %, 20.99 %, 15.10 %, and 9.74 %, respectively. By simulating the photodegradation path of the PAE derivative molecular, it was found that DBP−OH can generate .OH and provides free radicals for the photodegradation of microplastics in the environment.
Daily text message assessments of 6‐mercaptopurine adherence and its proximal contexts in adolescents and young adults with leukemia: A pilot study
Authors: Psihogios Alexandra M. , Li Yimei , Ahmed Annisa , Huang Jing , Kersun Leslie S. , Schwartz Lisa A. , Barakat Lamia P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study explored the feasibility and acceptability of implementing text‐based assessments of oral chemotherapy adherence in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with leukemia.MethodsAYA prescribed maintenance 6‐mercaptopurine (6MP) received daily text message surveys and utilized an electronic pill bottle for 28 days. Text surveys assessed 6MP adherence and contextual associates (eg, mood). Feasibility was defined by recruitment/retention rates, survey completion rates, cost, and technical issues. After the 28‐day period, AYA completed an acceptability survey. Secondary analyses compared text survey and electronic pill bottle adherence rates, and explored the daily associations between contextual factors and 6MP nonadherence.ResultsEighteen AYA enrolled (M age = 18, range 15‐22) and completed study procedures (100% recruitment and retention rates). Adherence survey completion rates were high (M = 88.9%), the technology cost was $204.00, and there were few technical issues. AYA reported high satisfaction with the surveys and perceived them as a helpful medication reminder. While not significantly correlated, survey and electronic pill bottle adherence data converged on the majority of days (>90%). Exploratory analyses showed that AYA were more likely to miss a dose of 6MP on weekends (OR = 2.33, P = .048) and on days when their adherence motivation (OR = 0.28, P = .047) and negative affect (OR = 3.92, P = .02) worsened from their own typical functioning.ConclusionsFor AYA with leukemia, daily text‐based surveys are a feasible and acceptable method for delivering medication adherence assessments, and may operate as a short‐term intervention. To develop personalized mobile health interventions, findings also highlighted the need to study time‐varying predictors of 6MP nonadherence.