bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Formation of the Cypriot Thalassaemia Prevention System: The ‘Slow’ Assembly and Construction of a Problem (1944‐1984)
Authors: Kyriakides Theodoros 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThalassaemia is one of the most widespread recessive blood disorders in the world. This article focuses the historical trajectory by which the Cypriot thalassaemia prevention system, one of the most successful of its kind, achieved full prevention rate. By tracing the history of decision‐making of medical practitioners central to the construction of the prevention system, my objective is to further elucidate underlying logics of policy‐making and health governance which can account for its success. As I suggest, the Cypriot thalassaemia prevention system achieved a full prevention rate because it operated according to a ‘slow’ modality of problematisation and decision‐making, which accounted for the cultural, social and ethical dimensions specific to the Cypriot public.
Comparison of the Accuracy of Image Registration Methods for Merging Optical Scan and Radiographic Data in Edentulous Jaws
Authors: Woo Hyun‐Wook , Mai Hang‐Nga , Lee Du‐Hyeong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThe image registration of optical scans to radiographic images is essential for performing computer‐guided implant surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different image matching conditions on the accuracy of image registration for computer‐guided implant surgery in completely edentulous jaws.Materials and MethodsThe optical scan image of a completely edentulous study model was registered to the respective cone‐beam computed tomography data using three different image matching conditions: small point (SP), large point (LP), and entire surface (ES). For the SP and LP groups, gutta‐percha markers (1.0 and 3.0 mm in diameter) were attached to a base template, and a radiopaque impression material was relined on the intaglio surface of template in the ES group. Image registration was performed by 20 operators in the images obtained from each group at an interval of 2 weeks (n = 20 in each group), and the registration accuracy was assessed by calculating the aligned position of the edentulous arch image. One‐way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc tests was used to compare the results among the groups (α = 0.05).ResultsThe mean registration error was significantly larger in the SP group (0.52 ± 0.19 mm) than in the LP group (0.29 ± 0.08 mm) and ES group (0.27 ±0.06 mm) (F = 24.689, p < 0.001). No difference was found between the LP and ES groups. The image matching discrepancy was more homogeneously distributed on the arch in the ES group than in the other groups.ConclusionThe accuracy of image registration is affected by the size of the congruent area shown in the optical scan and radiographic images. The entire surface‐based matching method is more accurate as compared to the small point‐based matching method in the image registration for implant planning in full edentulous jaws.
Degradation dynamics and processes associated with the accumulation of Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyceae) kelp fragments: an in situ experimental approach
Authors: de Bettignies Florian , Dauby Patrick , Thomas François , Gobet Angélique , Delage Ludovic , Bohner Olivier , Loisel Stéphane , Davoult Dominique 
Published: June 2020

A high proportion of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea production is exported from kelp forests following seasonal storms or natural annual old blade loss. Transport of drifting kelp fragments can lead to temporary accumulations in benthic subtidal habitats. We investigated the degradation processes of L. hyperborea in a low subtidal sandy bottom ecosystem by setting up a 6‐month cage experiment to simulate accumulations of kelp fragments on the seafloor. We monitored temporal changes in biomass, nutritional quality (C:N ratio), respiration, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), bacterial colonization, and chemical defense concentrations. Biomass decomposition started after 2 weeks and followed a classic negative exponential pattern, leading to 50% degradation after 8 weeks. The degradation process seemed to reach a critical step after 11 weeks, with an increase in respiration rate and phlorotannin concentration in the tissues. These results likely reflect an increase in bacterial activity and a weakening of the kelp cell wall. After 25 weeks of degradation, only 16% of the initial biomass persisted, but the remaining large fragments looked intact. Furthermore, photosystems were still responding to light stimuli, indicating that photosynthesis persisted over time. Reproductive tissues appeared on some fragments after 20 weeks of degradation, showing a capacity to maintain the reproductive function. Our results indicate that L. hyperborea fragments degrade slowly. As they maintain major physiological functions (photosynthesis, reproduction, etc.) and accumulate on adjacent ecosystems, they may play a long‐term ecological role in coastal ecosystem dynamics.
Update on epidemiology of hepatitis B in a low‐endemic European country: There is still much to do
Authors: Cuadrado Antonio , Perelló Christie , Cabezas Joaquin , Llerena Susana , Llop Elba , Escudero María Desamparados , Hernandez‐Conde Marta , Puchades Laura , Redondo Carlos , Fortea José Ignacio , Gil de Miguel Angel , Serra Miguel A. , Calleja José Luis , Crespo Javier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe latest epidemiological data in Spain were obtained a decade ago and revealed a prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of 0.7%; hence, updated epidemiological data are necessary. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and to analyse associated factors and characterize chronic infection. A population‐based, cross‐sectional study was performed in Spain between July 2015 and April 2017. Participants from three regions were selected using two‐stage conglomerate sampling and stratified by age. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected, and blood samples were taken to detect serological markers of HBV infection and to quantify HBV‐DNA. The characterization of chronic HBV infection was based on ALT (alanine aminotransferase) values, HBV‐DNA levels, and results of transient elastography. The overall prevalence rates of HBsAg and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) among 12 246 participants aged 20‐74 years (58.4% females) were 0.6% (95% CI [0.4‐0.7]) and 8.2% (7.7‐8.7), respectively. The risk factors for HBV infection identified in the multivariate analysis were age, nosocomial risk, and non‐Spanish nationality. Moreover, most patients HBsAg positive (76.6%) presented as hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–negative chronic infection (formerly ‘inactive carriers’) and only 6 (9.4%) HBsAg carriers fulfilled current criteria for treatment. The current HBV burden in Spain remains low but virtually unchanged over the past 15 years. Increased efforts are still needed to reach the goal set forth by the World Health Organization (WHO) for HBV elimination by 2030.
Early life famine exposure, adulthood obesity patterns and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Qi Hongyan , Hu Chunyan , Wang Shuangyuan , Zhang Yi , Du Rui , Zhang Jie , Lin Lin , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Chen Yuhong , Lu Jieli 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly life exposure to famine and adulthood obesity increased the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. However, the joint effects on adulthood NAFLD risk are not clear.AimThis study aimed to explore the joint effects of famine exposure and adulthood obesity on NAFLD risk in later life.MethodsWe included 7632 subjects aged ≥40 years from a community‐dwelling population. Participants were divided into 4 famine exposure groups according to the birth year, including nonexposed (1963‐1974), fetal‐exposed (1959‐1962), childhood‐exposed (1949‐1958) and adolescent‐exposed (1941‐1948). General obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI: overweight ≥24.0 kg/m2, obesity ≥28.0 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity assessed by waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR, men/women: moderate ≥0.90/0.85, high ≥0.95/0.90).ResultsCompared with nonexposed, fetal‐ and childhood‐exposed participants show an increased risk of NAFLD with multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.28 (1.02‐1.61) and 1.40 (1.04‐1.88) respectively. After further adjusting BMI and WHR, the increased risk was observed only in childhood‐exposed participants (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.04‐2.05). Significant interaction between famine exposure and general obesity on the risk of NAFLD was observed in women (P for interaction = .02). No significant interactions were detected between famine exposure and abdominal obesity (all P for interaction >.05). Compared with normal‐BMI and ‐WHR participants, those with both general and abdominal obesity in adulthood had 20.74 (95% CI: 12.00‐35.96), 14.45 (8.76‐23.86), 23.02 (16.28‐32.57) and 13.04 (8.30‐20.48)‐fold higher risk in nonexposed, fetal‐, childhood‐ and adolescent‐exposed groups respectively.ConclusionCoexistence of early life famine exposure and adulthood obesity was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD.
Julius Obsequens’s book, Liber Prodigiorum: A Roman era record of meteorite falls, fireballs, and other celestial phenomena
Authors: Franza Annarita , Pratesi Giovanni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractJulius Obsequens was the pseudonym of a Roman historian presumably living in the 4th century ad, whose life is shrouded in mystery. All that is known about Obsequens’s biography is that he was the author of a book entitled Liber Prodigiorum (Book of Prodigies), a collection of prodigies deduced from Livy’s Ab Urbe Condita Libri (Books from the Founding of the City). The Liber Prodigiorum covered the period from 190 to 11 bc and gathered a chronological list of portents of various kinds (e.g., births of monstrous animals or men, statues that shed blood, voices from beyond the grave, epidemics, earthquakes, unidentified flying objects). Among these extraordinary reports, chronicles of celestial phenomena were also included. The interdisciplinary approach adopted in this research has clarified the nature of the events described in the text and has enabled the identification of new Italian meteorite falls that are not included in the Meteoritical Bulletin Database.
Identification of Lysosome‐Associated Protein Transmembrane‐4 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Osteosarcoma Treatment
Authors: Wang Zhe‐xiang , Guo Meng‐yang , Ren Jing , Li Gui‐shi , Sun Xu‐guo 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of lysosome‐associated protein transmembrane‐4 (LAPTM4B) in human osteosarcoma tissue samples collected in our hospital, and to explore the possible correlations between the clinical pathological features of osteosarcoma patients and LAPTM4B expression.MethodsImmunohistochemical (IHC) assays were performed to detect the expression levels of LAPTM4B in 62 tissue samples of osteosarcoma tissues and corresponding non‐tumor tissues. According to LAPTM4B staining intensity in tumor tissues, osteosarcoma patients were classified into LAPTM4B high expression and low expression groups. In addition, the potential correlations between LAPTM4B expression levels and clinical pathological features were evaluated. In addition, we detected the effects of LAPTM4B on the proliferation and invasion of esteosarcoma cells through colony formation assay and transwell assay, respectively. We further explored the potential effects of LAPTM4B on tumor growth and metastasis using in vivo animal model.ResultsWe revealed that LAPTM4B was highly expressed in human osteosarcoma tissues. We determined the significance between LAPTM4B and clinical features, including the tumor size (P = 0.004*) and the clinical stage (P = 0.035*) of osteosarcoma patients. Our results further demonstrated that ablation of LAPTM4B obviously blocked the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and restrained tumor growth and metastasis in mice.ConclusionWe investigated the potential involvement of LAPTM4B in osteosarcoma progression and confirmed LAPTM4B as a novel therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Upregulation of cGMP‐dependent Protein Kinase (PRKG1) in the Development of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Hou Cang‐long , Li Bo , Cheng Ya‐jun , Li Ming , Yang Zong‐de 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying fibroblast differentiation and dysfunction in the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in an effort to identify candidate therapeutic targets for AIS.MethodsThe GSE110359 dataset, obtained from the bone marrow stromal cells of 12 AIS patients and five healthy controls, was retrieved from the GEO database. The data were preprocessed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO)‐Biological Process (BP) enrichment analyses were performed to identify the function of the DEGs. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) and a microRNA‐transcription factor (TF)‐target co‐regulatory network were constructed to identify hub genes in the development of AIS. In addition, hub DEGs were evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining.ResultsA total of 188 DEGs including 100 up‐regulated and 88 down‐regulated genes were obtained. The up‐regulated DEGs were related to “p53 signaling pathway”, “FoxO signaling pathway”, and “cGMP‐PKG signaling pathway” terms, while the down‐regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in seven terms including “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”. The key up‐regulated genes, PRKG1, CCNG2, and KAT2B, and the key down‐regulated genes, MAP2K1 and DUSP6, were identified by the PPI and miRNA‐TF‐Target regulatory network analyses. mRNA expression patterns for PRKG1, DUSP6, and KAT2B were successfully verified by qPCR. In addition, PRKG1 protein levels were found to be elevated during the immunohistochemical analysis.ConclusionIncreased expression of PRKG1 in AIS patients might be an attractive therapeutic target for AIS. However, further gain or loss‐of‐function studies should be conducted.
The “Mother of pediatric cardiac anesthesia”: An interview with Dr Dolly D. Hansen, a pioneering woman in medicine
Authors: Odegard Kirsten C. , Rockoff Mark A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDr Dolly D. Hansen (1935‐), Associate Professor in the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, devoted her life to improving the perioperative care of children with congenital heart disease. She applied her knowledge of cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology and the effects on anesthetic agents in children with and without heart disease into clinical practice and thereby greatly influenced the practice of pediatric anesthesia, cardiology, surgery, and critical care medicine. As an exceptional master clinician, leader, program builder, innovator, teacher, and academic role model, she shaped the careers of hundreds of fellows and young attendings, many of whom became leaders in the field.
Palaeohydrological characteristics and palaeogeographic reconstructions of incised‐valley‐fill systems: Insights from the Namurian successions of the United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Wang Ru , Colombera Luca , Mountney Nigel P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNamurian (Carboniferous) eustatic fluctuations drove the incision and backfill of shelf‐crossing valley systems located in humid subequatorial regions, which are now preserved in successions of the United Kingdom and Ireland. The infills of these valleys archive the record of palaeoriver systems whose environmental, hydrological and palaeogeographic characteristics remain unclear. A synthesis of sedimentological data from fluvial strata of 18 Namurian incised‐valley fills in the United Kingdom and Ireland is undertaken to elucidate the nature of their formative river systems and to refine regional palaeogeographic reconstructions. Quantitative analyses are performed of facies proportions, of geometries of incised‐valley fills and related architectural elements, and of the thickness of dune‐scale sets of cross‐strata. Reconstruction of the size of the drainage areas that fed these valleys is attempted based on two integrative approaches: flow‐depth estimations from dune‐scale cross‐set thickness statistics and scaling relationships of incised‐valley fill dimensions derived from late‐Quaternary examples. The facies organization of these incised‐valley fills suggests that their formative palaeorivers were perennial and experienced generally low discharge variability, consistent with their climatic context; however, observations of characteristically low variability in cross‐set thickness might reflect rapid flood recession, perhaps in relation to sub‐catchments experiencing seasonal rainfall. Variations in facies characteristics, including inferences of flow regime and cross‐set thickness distributions, might reflect the control of catchment size on river hydrology, importance of which is considered in light of data from modern rivers. Palaeohydrological reconstructions indicate that depth estimations from cross‐set thickness contrast with observations of barform and channel‐fill thickness, and projected thalweg depths exceed the depth of some valley fills. Limitations in data and interpretations and high bedform preservation are recognized as possible causes. With consideration of uncertainties in the inference of catchment size, the palaeogeography of the valley systems has been tentatively reconstructed by integrating existing provenance and sedimentological data. The approaches illustrated in this work can be replicated to the study of palaeohydrological characteristics and palaeogeographic reconstructions of incised‐valley fills globally and through geological time.
Gender and proposed Auto‐enrolment in the Republic of Ireland: Lessons from the UK
Authors: Foster Liam , Wijeratne Dinali , Mulligan Emer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe introduction of “soft” compulsion in the form of Auto‐enrolment into non‐state pensions has been seen as a key policy response to the challenges presented by an ageing population and concerns about under‐saving for retirement in the UK. Since its introduction in 2012, amongst eligible employees in the private sector, pension participation had risen by over 31 percentage points to 73% of eligible employees in 2016. Despite these trends, Auto‐enrolment in the UK has not been without criticism, particularly in terms of its exclusion of certain groups, including carers, amongst whom females are over‐represented. The Republic of Ireland (ROI) has recently announced its intention to implement an Auto‐enrolment pension scheme. As such, this article examines the UK's experience of rolling out Auto‐enrolment policy and considers lessons that could be learned by the ROI from the UK in its pursuit of Auto‐enrolment, with a particular focus on women's pensions. Initially it outlines the current Irish pension system, the gendered nature of pensions, and the proposed Auto‐enrolment system in ROI. Then it discusses the UK's experience of Auto‐enrolment, with a particular focus on gender, before examining the lessons the ROI can learn from the UK's Auto‐enrolment policy in relation to women and pensions. Finally, it concludes that Auto‐enrolment alone will not resolve the gendered nature of pensions in the ROI and calls for a gender‐based assessment of the proposed policy of Auto‐enrolment in the ROI.
Composite materials for controlled release of mineral nutrients and humic substances for agricultural application
Authors: Kratochvilova Romana , Sedlacek Petr , Porizka Jaromir , Klucakova Martina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractControlled‐release fertilizers based on superabsorbents containing lignohumate and conventional mineral fertilizer (NPK) were prepared. Their water absorption was supported by the presence of lignohumate (LH) and suppressed by the presence of NPK. The release of mineral nutrients was prolonged up to four weeks in the case of increased content of NPK. The addition of LH had negligible influence on the release of P and N. The release of LH was partially suppressed by the higher content of NPK. The release of nutrients from all used samples was connected with the strong increase in conductivity and weak increase in pH values. The application of superabsorbents supported growth of corn. The length of roots was probably more influenced by better water management, while the growth of above‐ground plant was more affected by release of nutrients.
Infectious Diseases as Socio‐Spatial Processes: The COVID‐19 Outbreak In Germany
Authors: Kuebart Andreas , Stabler Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper argues that outbreaks of infectious diseases should be understood as socio‐spatial processes with complex geographies. Considering the different dimensions of space through which an outbreak unfolds, facilitates analysing spatial diffusion of infectious disease in contemporary societies. We attempt to highlight four relevant dimensions of space by applying the TPSN framework to the case of the recent COVID‐19 outbreak in Germany. By identifying key processes of disease diffusion in space, we can explain the spatial patterns of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Germany, which did not feature the well‐known patterns of spatially contagious as in or hierarchical diffusion. In contrast, we find superspreading events and especially relocation diffusion based on existing networks, on which the pathogen travelled like a blind passenger, to be more relevant. For us, these findings prove the value of combining relational thinking with geographic analysis for understanding epidemic outbreaks in contemporary societies.
Responding to the COVID‐19 Crisis: Transformative Governance in Switzerland
Authors: Willi Yasmine , Nischik Gero , Braunschweiger Dominik , Pütz Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) crisis, uncertain and experimental forms of governance have emerged. Administrative routines and established management techniques have dissolved amid emergency actions and management by the state of exception. We refer to these emerging governance forms as transformative governance. Discussing examples from Switzerland, we illustrate how policy responses to COVID‐19 reflect transformative governance. These examples raise four issues that characterize transformative governance research and practice: (i) the evidence base of policy‐making; (ii) the role of the state in transformative governance; (iii) the potential of experimental governance; and (iv) the paradigms driving policy change. Our study demonstrates that these issues imply different opportunities and risks of transformative governance, which we discuss in detail.