bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal grains in lunar rocks as indicators of igneous and impact processes
Authors: Day James M. D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnhedral metal grains of >micrometer size occur in many lunar rock types, including mare basalts, magnesian suite rocks (MGS), ferroan anorthosites (FAN), and impact melt rocks and breccias. Some metal grains are inherited from, or modified by, impactors striking the Moon into crustal materials. These grains have high Ni/Co resulting from the addition of chondritic or iron impactors. Metal grains in mare basalts, FAN, and MGS have Ni/Co ranging from >20 to <1, being generally distinct from impactor compositions. Nickel and Co behave as compatible elements in lunar melts, with parental melts having between ~40–50 ppm Co, ~40–60 ppm Ni, and Ni/Co ~1. These compositions suggest a bulk silicate Moon (BSM) with Ni some three times lower than in bulk silicate Earth. Modeling of Ni and Co during fractional crystallization of mafic mare basalt parental melts originating from a BSM source predicts high Ni/Co metals form during early olivine fractionation. The combined effects of pyroxene ± plagioclase crystallization and increasing but variable compatibility of Ni and Co during basaltic melt evolution can explain the generation of low Ni/Co metals in more differentiated mare basalts. High‐Ti mare basalts have metal with low Ni/Co, but the crystallization of ilmenite and armalcoite restricts the range of Ni and Co in metal. Collectively, these results are consistent with metal grains in mare basalts forming solely through endogenous processes. Measurement of metal grains represents a rapid way for determining endogenous (e.g., lunar interior melts) versus exogenous (e.g., impact contamination) processes acting on lunar samples. In turn, the presence of low Ni/Co metal grains in mare basalts supports their origin as uncontaminated partial melts originating from lunar mantle sources that may have experienced loss of Ni to a small lunar core.
Pb‐Pb ages and initial Pb isotopic composition of lunar meteorites: NWA 773 clan, NWA 4734, and Dhofar 287
Authors: Merle R. E. , Nemchin A. A. , Whitehouse M. J. , Snape J. F. , Kenny G. G. , Bellucci J. J. , Connelly J. N. , Bizzarro M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConstraining the duration of magmatic activity on the Moon is essential to understand how the lunar mantle evolved chemically through time. Determining age and initial isotopic compositions of mafic lunar meteorites is a critical step in defining the periods of magmatic activity that occurred during the history of the Moon and to constrain the chemical characteristics of mantle components involved in the sources of the magmas. We have used the in situ Pb‐Pb SIMS technique to investigate eight lunar gabbros and basalts, including six meteorites from the Northwest Africa (NWA) 773 clan (NWA 2727, NWA 2700, NWA 3333, NWA 2977, NWA 773, and NWA 3170), NWA 4734, and Dhofar 287A. These samples have been selected as there is no clear agreement on their age and they are all from the dominant low titanium chemical group. We have obtained ages of 2981 ± 12 Ma for NWA 4734 and 3208 ± 22 Ma for Dhofar 287. For the NWA 773 clan, four samples (the fine‐grained basalt NWA 2727 and the three gabbros NWA 773, NWA 2977, NWA 3170) out of six yielded isochron‐calculated ages that are identical within uncertainties and yielding an average age of 3086 ± 5 Ma. The age obtained for the fine‐grained basalt NWA 2700 is not precise enough for comparison with the other samples. The gabbroic sample NWA 3333 yielded an age of 3038 ± 20 Ma suggesting that two distinct magmatic events may be recorded in the meteorites of the NWA 773 clan. The present study aims to identify and assess all potential issues that are associated with different ways to date lunar rocks using U‐Pb–based methods. To achieve this, we have compared the new ages with the previously published data set. The entire age data set from lunar mafic meteorites was also screened to identify data showing analytical issues and evidence of resetting and terrestrial contamination. The data set combining the ages of mafic lunar meteorites and Apollo rocks suggests pulses of magmatic activity with two distinct phases between 3950 and 3575 Ma and between 3375 and 3075 Ma with the two phases separated by a gap of approximately 200 Ma. The evolution of the Pb initial ratios of the low‐Ti mare basalts between approximately 3400 and 3100 Ma suggests that these rocks were progressively contaminated by a KREEP‐like component.
Associations of coenzyme Q10 with endothelial function in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Gao Jian‐jun , Xu Yong‐xing , Jia Hua‐ping , Zhang Li , Cao Xue‐ying , Zuo Xiao‐wen , Cai Guang‐yan , Chen Xiang‐mei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial dysfunction is common in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, little is known about the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels in HD patients.MethodsEligible HD patients were enrolled in this study according to prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Plasma CoQ10, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) levels were measured. The potential confounders identified by univariate analyses (P < 0.15) were selected in a stepwise multiple regression model.ResultsIn total, 111 HD patients were enrolled in this study. The mean CoQ10 level was 633.53 ± 168.66 ng/mL, and endothelial dysfunction was prevalent (91.0%) using a cut‐off value of 10% FMD. A significant correlation was observed between FMD and plasma CoQ10 level (r = 0.727, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential parameters, a stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that CoQ10 level was an independent predictor of FMD (β = 0.018, P < 0.001). When CoQ10 was dichotomized using the median value (639.74 ng/mL), the conclusion remained unchanged (β = 0.584, P < 0.001). Pearson's correlation analyses revealed that plasma CoQ10 level was negatively correlated with MDA (r = −0.48, P < 0.001) and 8‐OHdG (r = −0.43, P < 0.001) levels.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that impaired brachial artery FMD was common in HD patients. CoQ10 level was independently associated with FMD, and oxidative stress may constitute a link between CoQ10 level and endothelial dysfunction in these patients.
Chondrodysplasia punctata and neonatal lupus in an infant with positive anti‐RNP and negative anti‐Ro/SSA and –La/SSB antibodies, a case report
Authors: Milliken Michael , Lee Jack , Cipriano Sarah D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare, often fatal disease that shares many clinical dysmorphologic features with the rare often non‐lethal chondrodysplasia punctata due to maternal autoimmune disease. Characteristic findings of both conditions include mid‐face hypoplasia, stippled epiphyses of the vertebrae and long bones, and growth failure. A growing association with anti‐ribonucleoprotein antibodies is emerging amongst patients with chondrodysplasia punctata due to maternal autoimmune disease and also neonatal lupus that have potential important screening implications. We present a unique case of chondrodysplasia punctata with neonatal lupus in the setting of positive anti‐RNP antibodies and negative anti‐Ro/SSA and –La/SSB antibodies born to a mother with mixed connective tissue disease and Raynaud's syndrome.
Cardiac defense reactivity and cognitive flexibility in high‐ and low‐resilience women
Authors: Otero Julia , Muñoz Miguel A. , Fernández‐Santaella María Carmen , Verdejo‐García Antonio , Sánchez‐Barrera María B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResilience is a protective health variable that contributes to successful adaptation to stressful experiences. However, in spite of its relevance, few studies have examined the psychophysiological and neuropsychological mechanisms involved in resilience. The present study analyzes, in a sample of 54 young women, the relationships between high‐ and low‐resilience, measured with the Spanish versions of Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale questionnaire and the Resilience Scale, and two indices of psychophysiological and neuropsychological adaptability, the cardiac defense response (CDR) and cognitive flexibility. The CDR is a specific reaction to an unexpected intense noise characterized by two acceleration‐deceleration heart rate components. Cognitive flexibility, defined as the ability to adapt our behavior to changing environmental demands, is measured in this study with the CAMBIOS neuropsychological test. The results showed that the more resilient people, in addition to having better scores on mental health questionnaires, had a larger initial acceleration‐deceleration of the CDR‐indicative of greater vagal control, obtained better scores in cognitive flexibility, and evaluated the intense noise as less unpleasant than the less resilient people. No group differences were found in the second acceleration‐deceleration of the CDR‐indicative of sympathetic cardiac control, in the skin conductance response, or in subjective intensity of the noise. The present findings broaden the understanding of how resilient people change their adaptable responses to address environmental demands.
Efficacy of stent‐graft placement to salvage central vein stents with recalcitrant restenosis in patients with arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Gong Maofeng , Zhou Yangyi , Zhao Boxiang , Kong Jie , He Xu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and permanency of stent‐graft placement to salvage stents with recalcitrant restenosis due to central vein stenosis (CVS). Between May 2014 and February 2016, VIABAHN stent‐grafts were deployed in patients with functioning arteriovenous (AV) fistulas who underwent previous bare metal stent (BMS) placement and had recalcitrant stent restenosis that did not respond to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Surveillance was carried out at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months with diagnostic fistulography. Fourteen patients initially underwent 15 BMS placements. In the follow‐up period (range, 118‐976 days), patients presented with symptomatic venous hypertension; subsequently, a total of 52 unsuccessful repeat PTAs for BMS restenosis were undertaken, and the median primary access survival of PTAs was 66 ± 43 days. For salvage, 14 stent‐grafts were placed in segments with recalcitrant restenosis of a CVS stent. Within 1.25 ± 0.72 days after stent‐graft placement, patients who initially presented with symptomatic venous hypertension reported complete resolution. The median primary access survival (mean, 1183 ± 312 days) was longer than PTAs alone (P < .01). No major or minor complications were associated with stent‐graft deployment or any of the subsequent interventions in the study period. The primary patency rate at 6, 12, and 18 months was 100%, and it was 85.7% at 24 months. The secondary access patency rate was 92.9% at 24 months. In conclusion, stent‐graft placement to salvage CVS stents with recalcitrant restenosis in patients with AV fistulas is safe and effective if PTAs fails to maintain luminal patency.
Parenting and children’s negative emotionality, self‐regulation, and academic skills: The moderating role of fathers’ residency
Authors: Han Seunghee , Palermo Francisco , Ispa Jean M. , Carlo Gustavo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examined whether fathers’ residency modified the associations among mothers’ supportiveness, father involvement, children’s negative emotionality during toddlerhood and children’s academic skills in pre‐kindergarten via children’s self‐regulation. Participants were 2,291 mothers (Mage = 23.24 years) and children (Mage = 14.99 months at Wave 1; 50.7% girls) in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Results revealed distinctive associations by fathers’ residency: self‐regulation mediated the association between mothers’ supportiveness and academic skills only in resident‐father‐families. Self‐regulation mediated the association between negative emotionality and academic skills only in nonresident‐father‐families. The findings highlight the family processes of mothers, fathers, and children in low‐income family contexts that contribute to children’s academic skills, and how those family processes may vary by fathers’ residency status.
Rapid establishment of a COVID‐19 convalescent plasma program in a regional health care delivery network
Authors: Blackall Douglas , Wulff Shephali , Roettger Timothy , Jacobs Lauren , Lacasse Alexandre , Patri Manokiran , Zinser Phillip , Pherez Francisco , Jamkhana Zafar , Frey Sharon E. , Smith Linda , Goel Ruchika , Katz Louis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) represents an appealing approach to the treatment of patients with infections due to SARS‐CoV‐2. We endeavored to quickly establish a sustainable CCP transfusion program for a regional network of health care facilities.Study design and methodsA regional collaborative group was activated to address the issues necessary to implementing a CCP transfusion program and making the program sustainable. A wide range of health care providers including physicians (critical care, infectious disease, transfusion medicine), nurses, pharmacists, laboratorians, and information technology (IT) specialists were required to make the program a success.ResultsThe CCP implementation team initially consisted of four members but quickly grew to a group of nearly 20 participants based on different issues related to program implementation. Overall, six major implementation “themes” were addressed: (a) registration of individual hospitals and principal investigators with a national investigational new drug research protocol; (b) collaboration with a regional blood donor center; (c) targeted recruitment of convalesced donors; (d) IT issues related to all aspects of CCP ordering, distribution, and transfusion; (e) prioritization of patients to receive CCP; and (f) evaluation of CCP products including antibody characteristics and patient response to therapy.ConclusionWithin 4 weeks of initiation, CCP was successfully transfused at multiple hospitals in our regional health care delivery system. A program infrastructure was established that will make this program sustainable into the future. This approach has broader implications for the success of multi‐institutional programs requiring rapid implementation.
Prevalence and characterisation of diagnostic error among 7-day all-cause hospital medicine readmissions: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Raffel Katie E , Kantor Molly A , Barish Peter , Esmaili Armond , Lim Hana , Xue Feifei , Ranji Sumant R 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence and aetiology of diagnostic error among hospitalised adults is unknown, though likely contributes to patient morbidity and mortality. We aim to identify and characterise the prevalence and types of diagnostic error among patients readmitted within 7 days of hospital discharge.MethodsRetrospective cohort study at a single urban academic hospital examining adult patients discharged from the medical service and readmitted to the same hospital within 7 days between January and December 2018. The primary outcome was diagnostic error presence, identified through two-physician adjudication using validated tools. Secondary outcomes included severity of error impact and characterisation of diagnostic process failures contributing to error.ResultsThere were 391 cases of unplanned 7-day readmission (5.2% of 7507 discharges), of which 376 (96.2%) were reviewed. Twenty-one (5.6%) admissions were found to contain at least one diagnostic error during the index admission. The most common problem areas in the diagnostic process included failure to order needed test(s) (n=11, 52.4%), erroneous clinician interpretation of test(s) (n=10, 47.6%) and failure to consider the correct diagnosis (n=8, 38.1%). Nineteen (90.5%) of the diagnostic errors resulted in moderate clinical impact, primarily due to short-term morbidity or contribution to the readmission.ConclusionThe prevalence of diagnostic error among 7-day medical readmissions was 5.6%. The most common drivers of diagnostic error were related to clinician diagnostic reasoning. Efforts to reduce diagnostic error should include strategies to augment diagnostic reasoning and improve clinician decision-making around diagnostic studies.
Identification of very low-risk acute chest pain patients without troponin testing
Authors: Smith Lane M. , Ashburn Nicklaus P. , Snavely Anna C. , Stopyra Jason P. , Lenoir Kristin M. , Wells Brian J. , Hiestand Brian C. , Herrington David M. , Miller Chadwick D. , Mahler Simon A. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe HEART Pathway combines a History ECG Age Risk factor (HEAR) score and serial troponins to risk stratify patients with acute chest pain. However, it is unclear whether patients with HEAR scores of<1 require troponin testing. The objective of this study is to measure the major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate among patients with<1 HEAR scores and determine whether serial troponin testing is needed to achieve a miss rate <1%.MethodsA secondary analysis of the HEART Pathway Implementation Study was conducted. HEART Pathway risk assessments (HEAR scores and serial troponin testing at 0 and 3 hours) were completed by the providers on adult patients with chest pain from three US sites between November 2014 and January 2016. MACE (composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary revascularisation) at 30 days was determined. The proportion of patients with HEAR scores of<1 diagnosed with MACE within 30 days was calculated. The impact of troponin testing on patients with HEAR scores of<1 was determined using Net Reclassification Improvement Index (NRI).ResultsProviders completed HEAR assessments on 4979 patients and HEAR scores<1 occurred in 9.0% (447/4979) of patients. Among these patients, MACE at 30 days occurred in 0.9% (4/447; 95% CI 0.2% to 2.3%) with two deaths, two MIs and 0 revascularisations. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for MACE in the HEAR<1 was 97.8% (95%CI 94.5% to 99.4%) and 99.1% (95% CI 97.7% to 99.8%), respectively, and were not improved by troponin testing. Troponin testing in patients with HEAR<1 correctly reclassified two patients diagnosed with MACE, and was elevated among seven patients without MACE yielding an NRI of 0.9% (95%CI −0.7 to 2.4%).ConclusionThese data suggest that patients with HEAR scores of 0 and 1 represent a very low-risk group that may not require troponin testing to achieve a missed MACE rate <1%.Trial registration numberNCT02056964
Peripheral nerve block use in inpatient and outpatient shoulder arthroplasty: a population-based study evaluating utilization and outcomes
Authors: Chan Jimmy J , Cirino Carl M , Vargas Luilly , Poeran Jashvant , Zubizarreta Nicole , Mazumdar Madhu , Galatz Leesa M , Cagle Paul J 
Published: August 2020

Background
Peripheral nerve block (PNB) is an effective pain management option after shoulder arthroplasty with increasing popularity over the past decade. Large-scale US data in shoulder arthroplasties are lacking, especially regarding impacts on opioid utilization. This population-based study aimed to evaluate PNB utilization patterns and their effect on outcomes after inpatient and outpatient shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used data from the nationwide Premier Healthcare claims database (2006–2016). This study includes n=94 787 and n=3293 inpatient and outpatient (total, reverse and partial) shoulder arthroplasty procedures. Multivariable mixed-effects models estimated associations between PNB use and opioid utilization in oral morphine equivalents and cost of hospitalization/stay. For the inpatient group, additional outcome measures were length of stay (LOS), admission to a skilled nurse facility, 30-day readmission, combined complications and naloxone use (as a proxy for opioid-related complications). We report OR (or % change for continuous variables) and 95% CIs.

Results
Overall, PNB was used in 19.1% (n=18 144) and 20.8% (n=685) of inpatient and outpatient shoulder arthroplasties, respectively, with an increasing trend for inpatient procedures. PNB utilization was consistently associated with lower (up to −14.0%, 95% CI −15.4% to −12.5% decrease, with median 100 and 90 oral morphine equivalents for inpatient and outpatient procedures) opioid utilization on the day of surgery with more potent effects seen for inpatient shoulder arthroplasties. Other outcomes were minimally impacted.

Discussion
In this first national study on PNB use in shoulder arthroplasty, we found increasing PNB use among specifically, inpatient procedures, resulting in particularly reduced opioid use on the day of surgery. While our findings may support PNB use in shoulder arthroplasty, its current low utilization and trends towards more outpatient procedures necessitate continuous monitoring of more extensive benefits.
Probing electron dynamics by IR+XUV pulses
Authors: Reinhard P. -G. , Suraud Éric 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
By recording observables of electron emission we analyze the response of small metal clusters and organic molecules to a pump probe setup using an IR fs laser pulse as pump followed by an attosecond XUV pulse as probe. As tool for the study, we use Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) in real time complemented by a simple 2-level model for principle effects. As observables, we consider total ionization, average kinetic energy from Photo Electron Spectra (PES) and anisotropy parameters from Photo-electron Angular Distributions (PAD). We show that these signals can provide a map of the system’s dynamical properties. The connection is especially simple for metal clusters in which the response is dominated by the Mie surface plasmon. The case of organic molecules is more involved due to the considerable spectral fragmentation of the underlying dipole response. But at least the dipole anisotropy from PAD provides a clean and robust signal which can be directly associated to system’s properties even reproducing non-linear effects such as the change of spectra with excitation strength.

Graphical abstract