bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean platelet volume in arterial and venous thrombotic disorders
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian , Favaloro Emmanuel J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The mean platelet volume (MPV) is an easy, rapid and inexpensive laboratory parameter which basically mirrors platelet size. Due to the essential role of platelets in hemostasis, many studies have assessed the MPV value in patients with arterial and venous thrombotic disorders. These have then been summarized in some interesting meta-analyses and recent studies that will be discussed in this narrative review. Taken together, the currently available evidence suggests that the MPV may be substantially increased in concomitance with acute episodes of coronary artery disease, venous thromboembolism, portal vein thrombosis, stroke, erectile dysfunction and preeclampsia. In many of these conditions, an increased MPV value may also be associated with unfavorable outcomes. Despite these convincing findings, some important technical issues should be considered for improving the clinical usefulness of this measure. These essentially include anticoagulant, timing of sample collection, the sample storage conditions, the influence of the analytical techniques, the approaches used for its calculation, the accurate definition of reference ranges and diagnostic cut-offs, as well as the current lack of standardization, which makes data obtained with different techniques/analyzers poorly comparable. Provided that the impact of these variables can be abated or minimized, the MPV can gain a valuable role in the laboratory workout of many arterial and venous thrombotic disorders.
Significance of Nonplanar Rupture of the Mainshock and Optimal Faulting in Forecasting Aftershocks of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake
Authors: Xiong Neng , Niu Fenglin , Wang Rongjiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe computed the stress-change tensor around the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake with two different rupture models: a simple uniformly dipping model and a complex ramp-flat-ramp-flat fault-slip model. In general, the Coulomb failure stress changes (ΔCFS) computed on the optimally orientated faults based on a ramp-flat-ramp-flat fault-slip model showed the best spatial correlation with the aftershock seismicity. This close relationship was further verified by the focal mechanism solutions of 17 intermediate-size aftershocks. The ΔCFS calculated from the known focal mechanisms of most events were close to the values computed from the optimal fault planes and slip directions using the complex slip model with a nonplanar rupture along the Main Himalaya thrust. We further computed the stress accumulation in the seismic gap regions located around the Gorkha earthquake and between the 1505 and 1934 Mw 8+ historical earthquakes. We found a significant increase of the Coulomb failure stress by 0.2–0.5 MPa caused by the three earthquakes, especially at the shallow ramp of the seismic gap, which indicates an enhanced seismic risk around the Kathmandu area.
Accidentes por mordedura de canes en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Huaraz, Ancash, Perú
Authors: Arroyo Vanesa , Julca Gloria , Morales David , León Daphne 
Published: April 2020

Los accidentes por mordedura canina son un problema de salud pública debido al impacto sobre la salud de las personas y por las secuelas físicas y psicológicas que producen en sus víctimas. Se estima que muchas de las mordeduras no son reportadas por los afectados debido a que estas no son consideradas de importancia. En este contexto, el objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la frecuencia de mordeduras por canes y la proporción de casos que recurren al centro de salud para recibir atención médica, dentro del núcleo familiar de escolares de instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Huaraz. Para ello se elaboró una encuesta que se hizo llegar al padre o apoderado de los escolares de tres instituciones educativas, quienes las completaban y devolvían por la misma vía. La información obtenida se introdujo en una base de datos y se analizó mediante un paquete estadístico comercial. Se encontró que el 32,6% de los encuestados mencionó que un miembro de la familia había sido mordido en alguna ocasión durante el último año y que la edad con mayor frecuencia de accidentes fue de 6 a 15 años. Los ataques sorpresivos y en la vía pública fueron los que predominaron. El mayor número de heridas producidas fueron únicas y la región anatómica más afectada fue el miembro inferior. El 66,9% de las personas agredidas no sabía si el animal había sido vacunado contra la rabia en el último año y el 66,2% de víctimas no recurrió a un centro médico luego del accidente. Se espera que a partir de los resultados se evalúe la necesidad de implementar campañas de difusión acerca de las medidas que se deben tomar tras un accidente por mordedura y de esta manera disminuya el riesgo de contraer una enfermedad que ponga en riesgo la salud y vida de los afectados.
A record of dust deposition in northern, mid-latitude Pangaea during peak icehouse conditions of the late Paleozoic ice age
Authors: Oordt Andrew J. , Soreghan Gerilyn S. , Stemmerik Lars , Hinnov Linda A. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The Wordiekammen Formation, a carbonate ramp on Spitsbergen developed on the Northern Pangaean margin in Moscovian (Carboniferous) through Sakmarian (Permian) time at a paleolatitude of 30–35° N. The study site on the Nordfjorden High was isolated from any source of fluvio-deltaic input, such that detrital material that occurs in this system experienced eolian transport, thus forming a proxy for atmospheric dust loading. We analyzed two intervals, of Moscovian (10 m) and Asselian (27 m) age, at 20 cm resolution, and identified five mid-ramp subtidal facies organized in upwardly shallowing, high-frequency sequences 3–5 m thick. High-frequency sequence boundaries commonly exhibit signs of subaerial exposure (e.g., Microcodium) developed atop subtidal facies, recording glacioeustatic falls (glacial phases), although the Moscovian section has a severe karst overprint attributable to prolonged exposure on a paleohigh. Samples were processed to isolate the silicate-mineral fraction (SMF), which includes both detrital silicate material and authigenic silica mostly in the form of (fine-sand-size) doubly terminated quartz crystals. Detrital cores in these crystals, together with other evidence, indicate recrystallization from fine-grained (silt- and clay-size) dust.
Analysis of the dust record demonstrates that the Asselian (peak icehouse) had a significantly higher atmospheric dust load than the Moscovian (moderate icehouse). In the Asselian interval, dust input varies commensurate with glacial–interglacial cyclicity. Highest dust contents correspond to transgressive facies immediately above sequence boundaries, indicating peak atmospheric dust loading at lowstand to incipient interglacial times. Provenance data from detrital-zircon and whole-rock geochemistry indicate two distinct source regions for the dust. Dust from the Moscovian and lower Asselian intervals reflects a continental island-arc signature consistent with sourcing from the basement of northeast Greenland. Dust from the upper Asselian interval is more consistent with recycling from Devonian and Carboniferous strata of the east Greenland Caledonides, likely deflated from fluvial systems draining this orogenic system, indicating an expansion of regions of eolian deflation.
Geochemical Variability in Karst-Siliciclastic Aquifer Spring Discharge, Kaibab Plateau, Grand Canyon
Authors: Wood Alexander J. , Springer Abraham E. , Tobin Benjamin W. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The source area of groundwater for springs discharging from lithologically variably perched aquifers is essential to understand when establishing baseline aquifer characteristics. Stratigraphic data from hydrostratigraphic outcrops and geochemical data from springs were used to characterize the hydrogeology of a remote, data-poor aquifer. This study focuses on the hydrogeological variability within the shallow karst-siliciclastic Coconino (C) aquifer on the Kaibab Plateau, north of Grand Canyon National Park. Stratigraphic data were collected from 8 locations, and 22 C aquifer springs were sampled for 18 months. Stable isotope analyses indicate that groundwater is biased to winter recharge in the form of snow and shows similar isotopic signature for groundwater storage areas for all C aquifer springs. Stratigraphic analyses show that the primary water-bearing unit in the C aquifer thins dramatically from south to north and has evaporite lithofacies directly above the unit. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that the hydrogeochemistry is influenced by SO42−, Cl−, Mg2+, Ca+, specific conductivity, alkalinity, and δD variability. The stratigraphic variability influences geochemistry at multiple locations and has geochemical variabilities that correlate with changing lithology. Based on the PCA results, groundwater sub-basins were delineated based on geochemical variability. This study provides new analytical tools for land managers and karst hydrogeologists to evaluate lithologically complex aquifers by evaluating the stratigraphy and with high-resolution data. Cost-effective stratigraphic analyses and high-resolution spring sampling can and should be used to evaluate lithologically complex aquifers in remote, data-poor regions.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or surgery: which is the optimal initial option for T3 breast cancer (&gt; 5 cm)——a real world research from Chinese society of clinical oncology breast cancer database
Authors: Wang Haibo , Li Jianbin , Lv Meng , Mao Yan , Nie Gang , Zhang Jianguo , Liu Zhenzhen , Geng Cuizhi , Jin Feng , Fu Peifen , Yin Yongmei , Fan Zhimin , Zhang Haiqing , Jiang Zefei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The objectives were to explore the real world treatment of T3 breast cancer (maximum diameter of tumor bigger than 5 centimeters).

Materials and Methods: We selected T3 breast cases diagnosed from 2011 to 2017 in the CSCO BC database. These cases were categorized into two groups: non-NAC group and NAC group. Adjusted hazard ratios for known predictors of event free survival (EFS) using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results: The study included 868 patients: 49.0%(425/868) of patients chose NAC after diagnosis, 51.0%(443/868) chose surgery as their initial therapeutic strategy(non-NAC group). Compared with non-NAC group, patients in NAC group were correlated with clinical positive lymph nodes, hormonal receptor(HR) negative and human epidermal receptor growth factor 2(HER2) positive. For non-NAC group, only 87.1%(386/443) of patients were pathologic T3 after surgery, the overestimation of clinical examination of tumor lesion was 12.9%(57/443). In addition, there was no significance of EFS between the NAC group and non-NAC group(HR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.64-1.05). However, for T3 breast cancer patients with positive lymph nodes, HR negative and HER2 positive tumors, the NAC group had a better survival than the non-NAC group. Cox proportional analysis showed that lymph node negative, HER2 negative status and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with a longer survival time.

Conclusion: As the initial option for T3 breast cancer patients with positive lymph nodes, HR negative and HER2 positive tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the first therapy.
Characterization of the microbiomic association between tonsil and saliva isolated from Korean children subjected to tonsillectomy using 16S rRNA sequencing: a pilot study
Authors: Choi Da Hyeon , Park Ji Won , Choi Ju Kwang , Lee Kyeong Eun , Lee Won Hee , Yang Jinho , Lee Ju Yeon , Park Yoon Jeong , Oh Chan , Won Ho-Ryun , Koo Bon Seok , Chang Jae Won , Park Yoon Shin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Oral microbes have the capacity to spread throughout the gastrointestinal system and are significantly associated with multiple diseases. Given that tonsils are located between the oral cavity and laryngoesophagus at the gateway of both alimentary and respiratory tracts, tonsillar tissue may also be affected by both oral (saliva) and alimentary tract microbiota. While several independent reports on oral microbiomes from saliva and tonsils are documented in the literature, limited studies have compared tonsil and saliva microbiota compositions. Here, we analyzed the distribution of the microbial communities in saliva and tonsils of healthy Korean children subjected to tonsillectomy.ResultsIn total, 29 study subjects were enrolled from an initial 45 participants subjected to tonsillectomy owing to hyperplasia over two years. The microbiome profiles of saliva and tonsils were established via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on the Chao1 diversity index, the tonsil group showed higher richness in species, compared to the saliva group. On the other hand, the Shannon index revealed a significantly higher biodiversity value for saliva relative to tonsils. The microbial communities of the two groups were highly similar. The top 10 ranked taxa common to both groups determined based on average relative abundance were as follows: Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Prevotella 7, Alloprevotella, Porphyromonas, Treponema 2, Campylobacter, and Neisseria. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis conducted to elucidate interactions between the groups showed the strongest positive correlation of Treponema 2 between saliva and tonsils. Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Alloprevotella in saliva were negatively correlated with Prevotella 7 in tonsils while Prevotella 7 in saliva showed a strong positive correlation with Alloprevotella in tonsils. ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to present a correlation between tonsil and salivary microbiomes in Korean children who have undergone tonsillectomy. Overall, strong similarities between the tonsil and saliva microbial communities are evident in terms of diversity and composition. Furthermore, the saliva microbiome is expected to significantly affect the tonsil microbiome. Based on the collective results, we propose that the identified microbes act as both intracellular and external environmental factors with a major impact on the functioning of tonsils and their primary cells.
Sirt3 Regulates Radioresistance of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer through ATM-Chk2 Pathway
Authors: Kun Cao , Yuanyuan Chen , Yijuan Huang , Zebin Liao , Tingting Liu , Zhenyu Gong , Jianming Cai , Jianguo Cui , Yanyong Yang , Fu Gao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
With high incidence and mortality, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represent 85-90% in all lung cancer patients. In addition to surgery and chemotherapy, radiotherapy is an indispensable approach for cancer treatment. However, cellular resistance to ionizing radiation often results in failure in treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Sirt3 in radiotherapy on NSCLC. Briefly, survival as well as apoptosis assay were used to determine the cellular radiosensitivity, and an in situ lung cancer model to test the radiosensitivity in vivo. Firstly, our data show that Sirt3 is upregulated in NSCLC cell lines, as well as tissues compared with normal tissues. Then we generated Sirt3 knockdown cells and overexpression cells and found that Sirt3 knockdown increased radiosensitivity, while Sirt3 overexpression caused resistance. Sirt3 knockdown also aggravated the G2/M cell cycle arrest caused by irradiation. Furthermore, Sirt3 was found to be critical for the activation of ATM-Chk2 pathway upon irradiation. Finally, our in vivo model showed that targeting Sirt3 significantly sensitized lung cancer to radiotherapy. In conclusion, our findings identified a significant role of Sirt3 in radioresistanct of NSCLC, which provides novel mechanism as well as target for radiotherapy.
Hyaluronic acid optimizes therapeutic effects of Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on breast cancer
Authors: Abbasi Ardeshir , Pakravan Nafiseh , Hassan Zuhair 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Distinguishing the multiple effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on cancer cells is important to understand their role in tumour biology. Conversely, elevated levels of ROS-induced oxidative stress can induce cancer cell death. However, some anti-oxidative or ROS-mediated oxidative therapies have also yielded beneficial effects.Experimental approach: To better define the effects of oxidative stress, in vitro experiments were conducted on 4T1 and splenic mononuclear cells (MNCs) under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Furthermore, H2O2 [10-1000μM], was used as a ROS source alone or in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA), which is frequently used as drug delivery vehicle.Key Results: Our results indicate that treatment of cancer cells with H2O2+HA was significantly more effective than H2O2 alone. In addition, treatment with H2O2+HA led to increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and multi-phase cell cycle arrest in 4T1 cells in a dose-dependent manner under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Also, migratory tendency and the mRNA levels of VEGF, and MMP-2,9 were significantly decreased. Of note, HA treatment combined with 100-1000μM H2O2+ caused more damage to MNCs as compared to treatment with lower concentrations [10-50μM]. Based on these results we propose to administer high dose H2O2+HA [100-1000μM] for intra-tumoral injection and low doses for systemic administration.Conclusions & Implications: Intra-tumoral route could have toxic and inhibitory effects not only on the tumour but also on residential myeloid cells defending it, whereas systemic treatment could stimulate peripheral immune responses against the tumour. More in vivo research is required to confirm this hypothesis.
Atomistic insight into novel co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel using fullerene modified by dimethyl acrylamide trimethyl chitosan: A computational study
Authors: Alimohammadi Ehsan , Maleki Reza , Akbarialiabad Hossein , Dahri Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The distribution of drugs could not be controlled in the conventional drug delivery system. This has led to the development of a smart nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, known as smart drug delivery systems. In cancer research, novel biocompatible nanocarriers have received much attention for various ranges of anticancer drugs.In the current study, the effect of a novel co-polymer "dimethyl acrylamide-trimethyl chitosan" was investigated on drug delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel utilizing modified fullerene nanocarrier. This study was performed via molecular dynamics simulation based on acidic pH sensitivity of the cancer microenvironment. Furthermore, hydrogen bonds, diffusion coefficient, gyration radius, and drug-carrier interaction energies were investigated here. Interestingly, a simultaneous pH and temperature-sensitive system was proposed for paclitaxel and doxorubicin for a co-polymer. A pH-sensitive and temperature-sensitive copolymer was used based on trimethyl chitosan and dimethyl acrylamide, respectively. In such a dualistic approach, co-polymer makes an excellent option to have two properties in one bio-polymer.Results: The results suggest the dramatic and indisputable role of the co-polymer in the release of doxorubicin and paclitaxel in cancerous tissues, as well as an increased biocompatibility and drug uptake in a neutral state. The validation test was performed by repeated simulations of a similar article. The results are very close to those of the reference paper.Conclusions: Overall, conjugated fullerene and dimethyl acrylamide-trimethyl chitosan (DMAA-TMC) as carriers can be a good proposition for loading, delivery, and release of anti-cancer drugs based on a pH/temperature-sensitive smart drug delivery system.
A meta-analysis of 2019 novel corona virus patient clinical characteristics and comorbidities
Authors: Paudel Subodh Sharma 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
IntroductionBeing a new variant of coronavirus, detailed information regarding the virulence, its clinical characters, high risk individuals are yet to be defined. This study was done with the objective of finding out clinical features of corona infection and also studies what are the comorbidities that are associated with it.MethodsThis is a single arm meta-analysis in which relevant data were derived from searches in PubMed. It includes study papers which were written in English language and their completely published article is found. Seven articles published from 24th Jan to 16th March, 2020 are included in this study. ResultsThe total number of patients was 1786 with 1044 males and 742 females with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The median age of patients was 41 years). Fever was present in 88.8% cases. Dry Cough in 68% followed by fatigue in 33%. Hypertension (15.8%) is the most common comorbidity followed by cardio and cerebrovascular condition (11.7%). ConclusionPatients often presented with symptoms of fever, dry cough, lethargy and fatigue, muscle pain, productive cough. Similarly, patients with previous history of HTN, DM, COPD, cardio and cerebrovascular condition, immune-deficient states are at high risk of developing into the severe COVID-19 infection.
Treatment of Wastewater from the Foundry Industry Using Fenton Process
Authors: DAWCZAK Paulina , DUDZIAK Mariusz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fenton process in the treatment of selected wastewater from the foundry industry, which was initially coagulated. In the coagulation process, contaminants found in the suspended and colloidal phase were separated from the wastewater. The selection of the favorable course of the Fenton process was carried out with the following parameters in mind: wastewater pH, hydrogen peroxide dose, Fe2+/H2O2 mass ratio and process time. The selected parameters of the Fenton process were: wastewater pH 2.5, hydrogen peroxide dose 5.00 g/L, Fe2+/H2O2 mass ratio 0.3 and process time 120 min. For the given parameters, high efficiency of the Fenton process in lowering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated wastewater from the foundry industry was demonstrated. In wastewater, the concentration of non-ionic surfactants (NS) also decreased.
Household stored water quality in an intermittent water supply network in Panama
Authors: Gonzalez Carlos I. , Erickson John , Chavarría Karina A. , Nelson Kara L. , Goodridge Amador 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Safe water storage is critical to preserve water quality, especially when intermittent piped drinking water supply creates a need for household storage. This study characterized household storage practices and stored water quality in 94 households (N = 94) among four peri-urban neighborhoods in Arraiján, Panama with varying degrees of supply intermittency. We found that 18 (19.1%) households stored drinking water in unsafe containers. Forty-four (47%) samples of household stored drinking water had residual chlorine levels &lt;0.2 mg/L. While 33 (35.1%) samples were positive for total coliform bacteria, only 23 (24.4%) had &gt;10 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL total coliform bacteria. Eight (44%) samples were positive for Escherichia coli, whereas only one (1.3%) sample from the safe containers was positive. Twenty-nine (30.9%) samples had &gt;500 MPN/mL heterotrophic plate count bacteria. These findings suggest that longer supply interruptions were associated with longer storage times and lower chlorine residual, which were associated with higher concentrations of indicator bacteria. This is one of the first studies in the Central-American region to show an association between the lack of turnover (replacement with fresh water) and greater contamination during household water storage. Thus, when drinking water supply is not completely continuous and household storage is required, decreasing the time between supply periods can facilitate safer water storage. Public awareness and education are also recommended to increase hygiene practices during water collection and storage.