bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients with concomitant peripheral artery disease
Authors: Lee Hsin-Fu , See Lai-Chu , Li Pei-Ru , Liu Jia-Rou , Chao Tze-Fan , Chang Shang-Hung , Wu Lung-Sheng , Yeh Yung-Hsin , Kuo Chi-Tai , Chan Yi-Hsin , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims To investigate the effectiveness, safety, and outcomes of lower limb events for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs. warfarin among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with concomitant peripheral artery disease (PAD).Methods and resultsIn this nationwide retrospective cohort study collected from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, a total of 5768 and 2034 consecutive AF patients with PAD patients taking NOACs or warfarin were identified from 1 June 2012 to 31 December 2017, respectively. We used propensity score stabilized weighting to balance covariates across study groups. In the cohort, there were 89% patients were taking low-dose NOAC (dabigatran 110 mg twice daily, rivaroxaban 10–15 mg daily, apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily, or edoxaban 30 mg daily). Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant was associated with a comparable risk of ischaemic stroke, and a lower risk of acute myocardial infarction [hazard ratio (HR): 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42–0.87; P = 0.007], lower extremity thromboembolism (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.44–0.72; P &lt; 0.0001), revascularization procedure (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47–0.72; P &lt; 0.0001), lower limb amputation (HR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.23–0.46; P &lt; 0.0001), and all major bleeding (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50–0.80; P = 0.0001) than warfarin after weighting. The advantage of NOACs over warfarin persisted in high-risk subgroups including patients of ≥75 years of age, diabetes, renal impairment, or use of concomitant antiplatelet agent.Conclusion This population-based study indicated that NOACs were associated with a comparable risk of ischaemic stroke, and a significantly lower risk of major adverse limb events and major bleeding than warfarin among AF patients with concomitant PAD. Therefore, thromboprophylaxis with NOACs may be considered for such patients.
Surgical versus percutaneous multivessel coronary revascularization in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kilic Arman , Sultan Ibrahim , Gleason Thomas G , Wang Yisi , Smith Conrad , Marroquin Oscar C , Thoma Floyd , Toma Catalin , Lee Joon S , Mulukutla Suresh R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study compared contemporary outcomes following surgical versus percutaneous coronary revascularization for multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD) in patients with chronic kidney disease.

METHODS
Patients with MVCAD and a reduced glomerular filtration rate (&lt;60 ml/min) undergoing coronary bypass surgery (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a single institution between 2010 and 2017 were included. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) defined as a composite outcome of death, stroke, myocardial infarction or repeat revascularization. Multivariable Cox regression models were used for risk-adjustment and propensity matching was also performed.

RESULTS
A total of 1853 patients were included in the study (1269 CABG, 584 PCI). CABG was associated with greater 5-year freedom from MACCE (70.1% vs 47.3%, P &lt; 0.0001), a finding that persisted after risk-adjustment. The rates of early and late mortality and readmission were also lower with CABG as were individual rates of myocardial infarction and repeat revascularization. A propensity-matched analysis generated 704 well-matched patients (352 in each arm) with similar results, including greater 5-year freedom from MACCE (72.8% vs 45.8%, P &lt; 0.0001), improved 5-year survival (73.9% vs 52.3%, P &lt; 0.0001), lower readmission (cause-specific hazard ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.58–0.80; P &lt; 0.0001), lower individual rates of myocardial infarction (2.6% vs 9.7%, P &lt; 0.0001) and repeat revascularization (1.1% vs 7.4%, P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
CABG is associated with a lower MACCE rate than that of PCI in patients with MVCAD and chronic kidney disease. Multidisciplinary discussions regarding the optimal revascularization strategy are important in MVCAD, particularly in more complex scenarios such as chronic kidney disease.
Electromagnetic navigation-guided versus computed tomography-guided percutaneous localization of small lung nodules before uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Hung Chia-Tsung , Chen Chun-Ku , Chang Ying-Yueh , Hsu Po-Kuei , Hung Jung-Jyh , Huang Chien-Sheng , Wu Yu-Chung , Hsu Han-Shui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
An optimal method for preoperative localization of small lung nodules is yet to be established, and there are few comparative studies in the literature. In the present study, we aimed to compare electromagnetic navigation-guided and computed tomography (CT)-guided methods of percutaneous transthoracic localization.

METHODS
The clinical, radiographic, surgical and pathological data of patients who underwent electromagnetic navigation-guided localization (EMNGL) and CT-guided localization (CTGL) before uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) were reviewed. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to compare the localization and surgical results.

RESULTS
After matching, 25 EMNGL and 50 CTGL patients were included in the analysis. In the CTGL group, pulmonary haemorrhage and pneumothorax were noted in 56% and 34% of patients, respectively, on postprocedural CT scans. Successful localization was achieved in 96% and 100% of patients in the EMNGL and CTGL groups, respectively (P = 0.333). The median time in the operation room was significantly shorter in the CTGL group {142.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 123.8–175.0] vs 205.0 [IQR 177.5–290.0] min, P &lt; 0.001}. In contrast, EMNGL significantly decreased the total time [205.0 (IQR 177.5–290.0) vs 324.0 (IQR 228.3–374.0) min, P = 0.002]. The median duration of chest drainage was 1 day shorter in the EMNGL group [2.0 (IQR 1.5–2.5) vs 3.0 (IQR 2.0–3.0), P = 0.002]; the surgical complication rates were comparable between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The localization and surgical results were similar between the EMNGL and CTGL groups. EMNGL is comparable to conventional CTGL with respect to preoperative localization of small lung nodules before uniportal VATS.
False lumen ejection fraction predicts growth in type B aortic dissection: preliminary results
Authors: Burris Nicholas S , Nordsletten David A , Sotelo Julio A , Grogan-Kaylor Ross , Houben Ignas B , Figueroa C Alberto , Uribe Sergio , Patel Himanshu J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Current risk assessment strategies in type B aortic dissection are focused on anatomic parameters, although haemodynamic abnormalities that result in false lumen (FL) pressurization are thought to play a significant role in aortic growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate blood flow of the FL using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and identify haemodynamic and anatomic factors that independently predict the rate of aortic growth.

METHODS
Patients with dissection of the descending thoraco-abdominal aorta (n = 18) were enrolled in a prospective observational study and underwent 4D flow MRI for haemodynamic assessment of the entry tear and FL. Anatomic parameters were obtained by magnetic resonance angiography and baseline computed tomography. False lumen ejection fraction (FL EF) was defined the ratio of retrograde flow rate at the dominant entry tear during diastole over the antegrade systolic flow rate.

RESULTS
The median aortic growth rate was 3.5 mm/year (interquartile range 0.5–8.1 mm/year). Entry tear peak velocity was lower in patients with enlarging aortic dimensions (95.5 ± 24.1 vs 128.1 ± 37.4 cm/s, P = 0.039). After adjusting for co-variates FL EF (β = 0.15, P = 0.004), baseline maximal aortic diameter (β = 0.37, P = 0.001) and the entry tear distance from the left subclavian artery (β = 0.07, P = 0.016) were significant predictors of aortic growth rate.

CONCLUSIONS
Beyond standard anatomic risk factors, FL EF is an independent predictor of aortic growth rate and may represent an intuitive, non-invasive method to estimate FL pressurization and improve patient-specific risk assessment in patients with type B aortic dissection.
Transapical mitral valve-in-ring procedure with a novel self-expandable transcatheter heart valve: first- and last-in-man report
Authors: Schaefer Andreas , Seiffert Moritz , Blankenberg Stefan , Conradi Lenard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Interventional therapy of failing surgical mitral valve replacement and repair is an appealing option in patients who are not eligible for redo surgery. We herein report on the first-in-human use of a repositionable, self-expandable transcatheter heart valve with motorized delivery for a transapical mitral valve-in-ring procedure. After implantation, fluoroscopy showed no residual regurgitation and pressure measurements did not reveal any signs of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of 385 292 UK biobank participants
Authors: Fan Mengyu , Sun Dianjianyi , Zhou Tao , Heianza Yoriko , Lv Jun , Li Liming , Qi Lu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
To quantify the association of combined sleep behaviours and genetic susceptibility with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and results
This study included 385 292 participants initially free of CVD from UK Biobank. We newly created a healthy sleep score according to five sleep factors and defined the low-risk groups as follows: early chronotype, sleep 7–8 h per day, never/rarely insomnia, no snoring, and no frequent excessive daytime sleepiness. Weighted genetic risk scores of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke were calculated. During a median of 8.5 years of follow-up, we documented 7280 incident CVD cases including 4667 CHD and 2650 stroke cases. Compared to those with a sleep score of 0–1, participants with a score of 5 had a 35% (19–48%), 34% (22–44%), and 34% (25–42%) reduced risk of CVD, CHD, and stroke, respectively. Nearly 10% of cardiovascular events in this cohort could be attributed to poor sleep pattern. Participants with poor sleep pattern and high genetic risk showed the highest risk of CHD and stroke.

Conclusion
In this large prospective study, a healthy sleep pattern was associated with reduced risks of CVD, CHD, and stroke among participants with low, intermediate, or high genetic risk.
Vascular responses to coronary calcification following implantation of newer-generation drug-eluting stents in humans: impact on healing
Authors: Torii Sho , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Atsushi , Mori Hiroyoshi , Park Joohyung , Amoa Falone C , Sawan Mariem , Sato Yu , Cornelissen Anne , Kuntz Salome H , Kutyna Matthew , Paek Ka Hyun , Fernandez Raquel , Braumann Ryan , Mont Eric K , Surve Dipti , Romero Maria E , Kolodgie Frank D , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Vascular calcification is routinely encountered in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and severe coronary calcification is a known predictor of in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis. However, the histopathologic mechanisms behind such events have not been systematically described.

Methods and results
From our registry of 1211 stents, a total of 134 newer-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) (Xience, Resolute-Integrity, PROMUS-Element, and Synergy) with duration of implant ≥30 days were histologically analysed. The extent of calcification of the stented lesions was evaluated radiographically and divided into severe (SC, n = 46) and non-severely calcified lesions (NC, n = 88). The percent-uncovered struts per section {SC vs. NC; median 2.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.0–19.0] % vs. 0.0 (IQR 0.0–4.6) %, P = 0.02} and the presence of severe medial tears (MTs) (59% vs. 44%, respectively, P = 0.03) were greater in SC than NC. In addition, SC had a higher prevalence of ≥3 consecutive struts lying directly in contact with surface calcified area (3SC) (52% vs. 8%, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that sections with duration of implantation ≤6 months [odds ratio (OR): 7.7, P &lt; 0.0001], 3SC (OR: 6.5, P &lt; 0.0001), strut malapposition (OR: 5.0, P &lt; 0.0001), and lack of MTs (OR: 2.5, P = 0.0005) were independent predictors of uncovered struts. Prevalence of neoatherosclerosis was significantly lower in SC than that of NC (24% vs. 44%, P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Severe calcification, especially surface calcified area is an independent predictor of uncovered struts and delayed healing after newer-generation DES implantation. These data expand of knowledge of the vascular responses of stenting of calcified arteries and suggests further understand of how best to deal with calcification in patients undergoing PCI.
Pilot of a screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment process for symptoms of trauma among primary care patients
Authors: Avey Jaedon P , Moore Laurie , Beach Barbara , Hiratsuka Vanessa Y , Dirks Lisa G , Dillard Denise A , Novins Douglas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor populations with high rates of trauma exposure yet low behavioural health service use, identifying and addressing trauma in the primary care setting could improve health outcomes, reduce disability and increase the efficiency of health system resources.ObjectiveTo assess the acceptability and feasibility of a screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) process for trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among American Indian and Alaska Native people. We also examine the short-term effects on service utilization and the screening accuracy of the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen.MethodsCross-sectional pilot in two tribal primary care settings. Surveys and interviews measured acceptability among patients and providers. Health service utilization was used to examine impact. Structured clinical interview and a functional disability measure were used to assess screening accuracy.ResultsOver 90% of patient participants (N = 99) reported the screening time was acceptable, the questions were easily understood, the right staff were involved and the process satisfactory. Ninety-nine percent would recommend the process. Participants screening positive had higher behavioural health utilization in the 3 months after the process than those screening negative. The Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen was 100% sensitive to detect current PTSD with 51% specificity. Providers and administrators reported satisfaction with the process.ConclusionsThe SBIRT process shows promise for identifying and addressing trauma in primary care settings. Future research should explore site specific factors, cost analyses and utility compared to other behavioural health screenings.
Salinity reduces bacterial diversity, but increases network complexity in Tibetan Plateau lakes
Authors: Ji Mukan , Kong Weidong , Yue Linyan , Wang Junbo , Deng Ye , Zhu Liping 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors influencing bacterial plankton communities in lake waters, while its influence on bacterial interactions has been less explored. Here, we investigated the influence of salinity on the bacterial diversity, interactions and community structure in Tibetan Plateau lakes. Our results revealed that saline lakes (salinity between 0.5 and 50 g/L) harboured similar or even higher bacterial diversity compared with freshwater lakes (&lt; 0.5 g/L), while hyper-saline lakes (&gt; 50 g/L) exhibited the lowest diversity. Network analysis demonstrated that hyper-saline lakes exhibited the highest network complexity, with higher total correlation numbers (particularly the negative correlations), but lower network module numbers than freshwater and saline lakes. Furthermore, salinity dominantly explained the bacterial community structure variations in saline lakes, while those in freshwater and hyper-saline lakes were predominately explained by water temperature and geospatial distance, respectively. The core operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were ubiquitously present in all lakes, were less sensitive to enhancing salinity than the indicative OTUs whose presence was dependent on lake type. Our findings offer a new understanding of how salinity influences bacterial community in plateau lakes.
Environmental factors determining distribution and activity of anammox bacteria in minerotrophic fen soils
Authors: Bagnoud Alexandre , Guye-Humbert Sylvia , Schloter-Hai Brigitte , Schloter Michael , Zopfi Jakob 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
In contrast to the pervasive occurrence of denitrification in soils, anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) is a spatially restricted process that depends on specific ecological conditions. To identify the factors that constrain the distribution and activity of anammox bacteria in terrestrial environments, we investigated four different soil types along a catena with opposing ecological gradients of nitrogen and water content, from an amended pasture to an ombrotrophic bog. Anammox was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) only in the nitrophilic wet meadow and the minerotrophic fen, in soil sections remaining water-saturated for most of the year and whose interstitial water contained inorganic nitrogen. Contrastingly, aerobic ammonia oxidizing microorganisms were present in all examined samples and outnumbered anammox bacteria usually by at least one order of magnitude. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a relatively high diversity of anammox bacteria with one Ca. Brocadia cluster. Three additional clusters could not be affiliated to known anammox genera, but have been previously detected in other soil systems. Soil incubations using 15N-labeled substrates revealed that anammox processes contributed about &lt;2% to total N2 formation, leaving nitrification and denitrification as the dominant N-removal mechanism in these soils that represent important buffer zones between agricultural land and ombrotrophic peat bogs.
Assessment of human diploid genome assembly with 10x Linked-Reads data
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhou Xin , Weng Ziming , Sidow Arend 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Producing cost-effective haplotype-resolved personal genomes remains challenging. 10x Linked-Read sequencing, with its high base quality and long-range information, has been demonstrated to facilitate de novo assembly of human genomes and variant detection. In this study, we investigate in depth how the parameter space of 10x library preparation and sequencing affects assembly quality, on the basis of both simulated and real libraries.

Results
We prepared and sequenced eight 10x libraries with a diverse set of parameters from standard cell lines NA12878 and NA24385 and performed whole-genome assembly on the data. We also developed the simulator LRTK-SIM to follow the workflow of 10x data generation and produce realistic simulated Linked-Read data sets. We found that assembly quality could be improved by increasing the total sequencing coverage (C) and keeping physical coverage of DNA fragments (CF) or read coverage per fragment (CR) within broad ranges. The optimal physical coverage was between 332× and 823× and assembly quality worsened if it increased to &gt;1,000× for a given C. Long DNA fragments could significantly extend phase blocks but decreased contig contiguity. The optimal length-weighted fragment length (W${\mu _{FL}}$) was ~50–150 kb. When broadly optimal parameters were used for library preparation and sequencing, ~80% of the genome was assembled in a diploid state.

Conclusions
The Linked-Read libraries we generated and the parameter space we identified provide theoretical considerations and practical guidelines for personal genome assemblies based on 10x Linked-Read sequencing.
Using Bayesian model averaging to improve ground motion predictions
Authors: Bertin M , Marin S , Millet C , Berge-Thierry C 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYIn low-seismicity areas such as Europe, seismic records do not cover the whole range of variable configurations required for seismic hazard analysis. Usually, a set of empirical models established in such context (the Mediterranean Basin, northeast U.S.A., Japan, etc.) is considered through a logic-tree-based selection process. This approach is mainly based on the scientist’s expertise and ignores the uncertainty in model selection. One important and potential consequence of neglecting model uncertainty is that we assign more precision to our inference than what is warranted by the data, and this leads to overly confident decisions and precision. In this paper, we investigate the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach, using nine ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) issued from several databases. The BMA method has become an important tool to deal with model uncertainty, especially in empirical settings with large number of potential models and relatively limited number of observations. Two numerical techniques, based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo method and the maximum likelihood estimation approach, for implementing BMA are presented and applied together with around 1000 records issued from the RESORCE-2013 database. In the example considered, it is shown that BMA provides both a hierarchy of GMPEs and an improved out-of-sample predictive performance.
Temporal changes of seismic velocities in the San Jacinto Fault zone associated with the 2016Mw 5.2 Borrego Springs earthquake
Authors: Qiu Hongrui , Hillers Gregor , Ben-Zion Yehuda 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYWe study temporal changes of seismic velocities associated with the 10 June 2016 Mw 5.2 Borrego Springs earthquake in the San Jacinto fault zone, using nine component Green's function estimates reconstructed from daily cross correlations of ambient noise. The analysed data are recorded by stations in two dense linear arrays, at Dry Wash (DW) and Jackass Flat (JF), crossing the fault surface trace ∼3 km northwest and southeast of the event epicentre. The two arrays have 9 and 12 stations each with instrument spacing of 25–100 m. Relative velocity changes (δv/v) are estimated from arrival time changes in the daily correlation coda waveforms compared to a reference stack. The obtained array-average δv/v time-series exhibit changes associated with the Borrego Springs event, superposed with seasonal variations. The earthquake-related changes are characterized by a rapid coseismic velocity drop followed by a gradual recovery. This is consistently observed at both arrays using time- and frequency-domain δv/v analyses with data from different components in various frequency bands. Larger changes at lower frequencies imply that the variations are not limited to the near surface material. A decreasing coseismic velocity reduction with coda wave lapse time indicates larger coseismic structural perturbations in the fault zone and near-fault environment compared to the surrounding rock. Observed larger changes at the DW array compared to the JF array possibly reflect the northwestward rupture directivity of the Borrego Springs earthquake.