bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of phytoredomedia methods in water disposal
Authors: Okrut S , Stukalo V , Gudiev O , Loshakov A , Komarov V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper reflects the results obtained from the studies on hydro-botanical wastewater facilities conducted to treat waste-water at the sewage facilities located in the Andropovsky District of the Stavropol Region and intended for biological treatment of industrial and domestic waste-water. As a result of the studies within 2016–2018, it was found that during the exploitation time the content indicators of ammonium nitrogen and iron have decreased by 3 times, oil products and nitrates by 2 times, nitrites by 6.4 times, and phosphates by 8.5 times. The pH indicator reached the standard, which is important enough for water inlets since low pH without cleaning is destructive for most bio-organisms in aquatic ecosystems. The analysis of the hydrochemical indicators at the outlet in the water intake facility allows coming to a positive conclusion about the possibility of using phytoremediation methods for production and domestic waste-waters.
Application of the modified heavy dye pyrolysis resin as a binding component for the production of anode mass in the production of aluminum
Authors: Doshlov I O , Kondrat’ev V V , Goryashin N A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The main environmental problems of non-ferrous metallurgy in Russia and possible solutions are considered. Summarized and analyzed the results of work aimed at creating a technology for producing the anode mass corresponding to regulatory and technical requirements and with improved environmental properties. The effect of the modified heavy pyrolysis resin on the environmental characteristics and performance of the anode mass was studied. Practical recommendations on the use of modified pyrolysis resin as a modifying additive to oil pitch are made.
Influence of the Vilyui hydropower plant on the regime of the Vilyui river
Authors: Nogovitsyn D D , Sheina Z M , Sergeeva L P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on the analysis and comparison of the Vilyui river regime in the natural and regulated state, the article reveals the features of changes in the annual distribution of runoff, level and ice regimes and the regime of solid runoff. To assess the consequences of the impact of large hydroelectric power stations in the Far North, comprehensive studies of the Vilyui river basin were conducted. Vilyui hydroelectric station is the first hydroelectric power station in the permafrost zone. The reservoir is completely located within the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Despite the low level of development of water resources in the Far East, the prospects for the construction of traditional hydropower plants remain. The hydropower potential of the republic is estimated at 283 billion kWh, which is 66 % of the total hydropower potential of the Far East region. The construction and operation of hydropower plants on rivers leads to fundamental changes in the natural conditions of the river. The results of the study show that flow regulation by large reservoirs is the main factor of anthropogenic disturbances in the flow volume and water regime of the Arctic rivers. To date, the diverse effects of river regime changes after the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the territory of permafrost are not fully considered in either design or prospective planned developments. The importance of accounting and studying the consequences of flow regulation can be judged by the complex economic problems that arose after the construction of hydropower facilities in the European part of Russia. In this regard, a comprehensive study of changes in environmental conditions in the territory of permafrost distribution after regulation of river flow by large reservoirs is one of the most important tasks.
Technology of preparation of natural waters for irrigation
Authors: Bocharnikova O V , Denisova M A , Bocharnikov V S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research and search for the most effective and cost-efficient ways of water treatments is relevant today. We propose the use of a natural sorbent as a filter load of a sorption filter for the preparation of natural water for irrigation of crops. The object of study is the water of the Volga River in the Volgograd region. In this work, we propose the use of a sorption filter for purification of natural water, where natural zeolite will be used as a filter load. Before the experiment, a chemical analysis was performed to determine the contaminants in the water and their concentrations. The fractions of zeolite were selected using fractional sieves. Based on the results of sedimentation, the optimal fraction of natural zeolite in terms of absorption properties and contact time with the studied water was selected. Based on the results, the statistical processing of the experimental data was performed and the dependences presented in the form as a power model were obtained. Thus, on the basis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that it is advisable to use a sorption filter with a zeolite filter load for the preparation of natural waters to be used in irrigation.
Wastewater from production of oxide-ruthenium titanium anodes as a raw material for TiO2, NaOH and HCl production
Authors: Bykovsky N A , Kantor E A , Malkova M A , Puchkova L N , Fanakova T S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of the waste acid pickling solution processing (WAPS) formed during the etching of titanium products with hydrochloric acid. The processing includes the neutralization of WAPS with alkali, filtering, drying and calcining a precipitate of titanium hydroxide and electrochemical processing of the filtrate containing sodium chloride in an electrolytic cell with ion-exchange membranes. In the electrolysis process, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are obtained. The proposed WAPS processing scheme makes it possible to obtain titanium dioxide, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid. Titanium dioxide can be used in the paint industry. Alkali can be used in the process of neutralizing WAPS. After adjustment, hydrochloric acid is suitable for use in the etching process of titanium products.
Geoecological trends of natural and anthropogenic transformation of soils of Vyatka Ridge in the Holocene
Authors: Golyeva A A , Prokashev A M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the morpho-analytical characteristic of the sod-podzolic soil section with the second humus horizon (SHH) located in the contact zone of the southern taiga and mixed forests of the east of the Russian Plain (Kirov region, Russia). The SHH is 17-25 cm deep from the surface, has darker color and is substantially different in many properties from the overlying humus horizon of modern soil. A retrospective analysis of spontaneous and technogenic history of modern landscapes of the research region and its soil cover was carried out based on the triune provision on soil as a focus, a mirror and memory of the landscape supported by analytical methods. It was shown that over the past 7,000 years, under conditions of retarded biocirculation, a number of properties and features of the early Holocene biocenoses have been partially preserved in modern soils, starting from the depth of 17 cm. Soil farming can fundamentally change the properties of polygenetic soils with SHH, thus making tem almost fully losing their retrospective and prognostic functions.
Sources assessment of heavy metals inflow in the Pestovo water storage reservoir
Authors: Suslov S V , Gruzdev V S , Khrustaleva M A , Boitsenyuc L I , Hohlova L I 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the most important water quality indicators is the heavy metals content. Heavy metals (HMs) are one of the top pollutants in the list because even very small concentrations of them are highly toxic. The peculiarity of HMs as pollutants is also that there is practically no bio-degradation for them – they only move from one natural reservoir to another, interacting with living organisms and leaving traces of this interaction. Moving from one link of the trophic chain of ecosystems to another, they gradually concentrate in the master links of food chains, as well as in bottom deposits (BD). In particular, HMs can take a long time to gain a foothold in the root stalks of perennial aquatic plants. Excess of their content over the background values in the conditions of the Moscow region is a purely anthropogenic factor. Sources of environmental input can be any activity types: industry, agriculture, motor transport. However, the analysis of the heavy metals input in territories differently located about heat power engineering and oil refining facilities, allows us to assert that the main source is emissions through high pipes of enterprises of ash residues, while there are multiple exceedances of MAC in soils and surface waters, close to the pollution source. As you move away from the pollution sources, the content of HMs in snow, water, soil, and bottom deposits decreases significantly and tends to change over the years, which is associated with changes in the air-mass transport within the region.
Energy resources of the world ocean ecosystem: study and problems
Authors: Lukianova T S , Shirokov R S , Shirokova V A , Khutorova A O 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the traditional components of the nature of the World ocean. Their participation in the formation of living matter in the conditions of hydrospheric, atmospheric, and lithospheric changes in the ocean. It is pointed out that it is necessary to further study the energy properties of the ecosystem, as Vernadsky V.I. repeatedly wrote in his works. The most important results of modem studies of the ocean should include the development of oceanic doctrine of Russia for the period until 2020, the formation of Marine College under the Government of the Russian Federation (2004) and the written concept of scientific research of the nature of the world’s oceans as a whole by the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Influence of ecological factors on pyrrolizidine alkaloids accumulation
Authors: Tamakhina A Ya , Akhkubekova A A , Dzakhmisheva I Sh , Kantsalieva Z L , Gadieva A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article gives results of estimating alkaloids accumulation in the aboveground and underground plant components of family Boraginaceae (Symphytum asperum Lepech., S. caucasicum M. Bieb., Echium vulgare L., Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem.) depending on the ecological conditions of their habitat. Alkaloids content in the aboveground phytomass decreases in the row S. asperum > S. caucasicum > E. vulgare, and in the underground one – S. caucasicum > S. asperum > E. vulgare > P. mollis. At the end of vegetation there is an increase in alkaloids accumulation in roots and decrease in stems and leaves. Rise in air temperature and decrease in precipitation increases alkaloids accumulation in roots and scions. The level of correlation between alkaloids accumulation and microelements content in soil varies from high (Cu, Zn, Mo) to mean (Mn, Pb). The revealed regularities are recommended to discover cenopopulations of S. caucasicum, S. asperum, E. vulgare and P. mollis with maximal accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids or the forecast of their accumulation in certain sections.
Tree-shrub species promising for protective afforestation and planting in the Volgograd region
Authors: Solomentseva A S , Kolmukidi S V , Lebed N I , Lebed M B , Mezhevova A S , Berestneva Yu V , Bikmetova K R , Isakov A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For the successful development of agriculture and increase the productivity of the arid zone of the Volgograd region, preservation of the soil from water erosion and deflation, protective forest and greenery plantations that are resistant to harsh forest conditions are necessary. The objects of study are various species of poplar P. nigra, P. bolleana, P. alba etc., rose hips R. rugosa, R. spinosissima, R. alba Maximus etc., elm U. campestris x U. pumila, which were evaluated according to the following parameters: degree of damage to plants by drought, total amount of water, winter hardiness, as well as their growth and development. The study showed that species P. nigra, R. rugosa, R. cinnamomea, and U. pumila have the highest approximation coefficients. U. laevis and P. deltodies are moderately resistant to high temperatures, and the species U. pumila, P. nigra, P. alba, and P. balsamifera are thermo- and pathogenic resistant. A study of the morphological features of various poplar species revealed the tallest species P. alba and P. nigra (20–22 m). The tallest shrub species are S. sorbiforia, R. alba, and R. canina.
Integrated model of potential biodiversity of the Crimean Peninsula
Authors: Gorbunov R V , Plugatar Yu V , Smyrnov V O , Gorbunova T Yu , Snegur A V , Drygval A V , Priymak A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study presents a special methodological approach to the construction of the integral model of potential biodiversity on the example of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. GIS technologies serve the tool for creating this kind of material. The proposed technique allows effectively identifying spatial differences and carrying out multi-criteria analysis of the studied territory. The main stages of the methodology include the construction of vector layers of operational-territorial units, the compilation of a database on biodiversity criteria, the analysis of close relations between the value of biological diversity and the value of habitat diversity, the identification of statistical dependencies, as well as the construction of an integral model based on the results of preparatory stages. The resulting model resembles a raster layer of potential biodiversity for the 1x1 km cell format (potential number of species per 1 km2). The distribution of the potential biodiversity indicator at this cell size smooths certain differences in the overall pattern of the model.
Reclamation status of rice irrigation systems in Ninh Binh Province of Vietnam
Authors: Tran C T , Klyushin P V , Lepekhin P P , Dontsov A V , Emelyanova T A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A study area covers Ninh Binh Province as a whole that has 67.125 hectares of agricultural land, including 55.125 hectares of arable land. Ninh Binh has 13 major drainage basins. Water resources are unevenly distributed across the catchment areas. Due to a dense drainage system, every year Ninh Binh is hit by heavy flooding during the wet season. With a total length of all channels and a lock-weir network, just 22.4 % of channels are concrete lined, i.e. only every fourth kilometer of channels is concreted, thus leading to high irrigation losses. To tackle current challenges related to the effective use of irrigation systems in Ninh Binh, it is necessary to organize annual inspections and assessments of the current state of water supply networks, irrigation systems, etc.
Microbial complex adaptation in soils of different cultivation degrees
Authors: Larina G E , Seraya L G , Ivanova I O , Poddymkina L M , Vershinin V V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Throughout years-long observation, the properties of cultured soils in European Russia were studied (including the geographical location, physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils, the composition and structure of bacterial communities in them, etc.). Groups of microorganisms with various reactions to anthropogenic impacts were analyzed. Biological and fermentation power indicators manifest the ongoing soil-forming processes. The increase in the numbers of microorganisms of their biological activity (denitrification) is observed along the North-South line with the maximum values in the steppe zone. For acidic soils, the following indicators and susceptible soil microorganisms were determined: Actinomadura roseola, Methylococcus sp., Nocardia carnea, Sphingomonas capsulata, as well as for alkaline soils: Rhodococcus equi, Streptomyces sp. The following dominating species were found in the microbial consortium of the taiga zone soils: – Rhodococcus rhodochrous, and the dominant species for the wooded steppe, steppe, and dry steppe zones is the association of anaerobic Ruminococcus sp. with vesicular-arbuscular micromycetes. The data obtained are crucial for environmental monitoring and the development of nature protection actions to support soil fertility.
A system of specially protected natural reservations in terms of the transition to sustainable development
Authors: Petrova L E , Sorokina O A , Fomkin I V , Zatsepina E A , Rudinova Y I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The world community’s awareness of the rapidly deteriorating environmental situation as a threat to the continued existence of mankind determined the formation and adoption of the Concept of sustainable development in the second half of the XX century. One of the mechanisms for solving the strategic task of environmental protection is declared to be the formation and ensuring the sustainable functioning of a system of specially protected natural reservations of different levels and categories, which would ensure the preservation of natural ecosystems, making them centres for preserving the genetic fund and restoring the original biodiversity. The land-use planning, formation of new and reorganization of existing specially protected natural reservations is a guarantee of creating optimal conditions for solving the tasks assigned to them. The analytical review of the adopted normative legal documents and implemented target programs at the international and national levels objectively shows that the development of the system of specially protected natural reservations is declared as one of the main mechanisms for ensuring the implementation of the Concept of sustainable development. The research showed that not all specially protected natural reservations provide the existence of viable populations of organisms for the saving of which they were created. For the development of the system of specially protected natural reservations in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to improve the theoretical and methodological tools of the land management that adequately reflects their uniqueness and diversity, methods of rational organization of their territory, during which the creation of a stable, self-regenerating ecosystem will be carried out, ensuring the solution of environmental and socio-economic problems at both the regional and global levels.
To the history of the creation of biosphere reserves and natural parks in the Soviet Union
Authors: Sobisevich A V , Snytko V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
By the early 1960’s due to the development of industrial production, the natural environment of the Soviet Union faced a threat of reduction of many endemic species. Biosphere reserves became the places where any human activity was strongly forbidden and scientists can conduct ecological research. Soviet biosphere reserves became an important instrument for international ecological cooperation. Creation of new national parks led to the spreading semi-protected territories. The aim of this article is to show how Soviet scientists worked out the principles of natural parks and biosphere reserves in the Soviet Union. That research will be of interest to geographers, biologists and conservation activists involved in different ecological activities.
Monitoring and current state of geoecosystem of broadleaf forests of Podolsk region within the protected natural areas
Authors: Lukianova T S , Yurova Yu D , Shirokova V A , Khutorova A O , Gurov A F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the present state of forests of Podolsk region within specially protected areas. Unfortunately, within the studied reserve the strict requirements of preservation and protection of broadleaf forests of the studied territory are not always fulfilled. The authors of the paper describe in sufficient detail the existing problems of the reserve. Measures for further monitoring of the geosystem are proposed.
On the state of the ground cover of shaded areas in urban landscaping objects
Authors: Grechushkina-Sukhorukova L A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It has been established that in municipal forestry of Stavropol (streets, squares, boulevards, parks) mixed plantations of broad-leaved tree species Tilia cordata Mill., Acer pseudoplatanus L., A. platanoides L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., prevail, which increases the shading conditions for lawns arranged under their canopy. With sparse and single-row planting of trees, lawn grass is in conditions of temporary shading and does not significantly suffer (lawns of good and satisfactory quality). In places with multi-row and group placement of tree plantations, the grass of lawns is in conditions of both temporary and permanent shading and is thinned up to 40–60 %, the relative amount of sunlight (RAS) is 2.1–9.2 % (mediocre and poor lawns). In conditions of constant intensive shading with a RAS of 0.6–2.6 %, turf grasses completely fall out, a dead cover forms, which reduces the quality of greening. Usually sparse grass are sown with fast-growing turf grasses annually. The issue of turfing of the shaded areas of parks with local forest grasses Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv., Dactylis polygama Horvat., Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., Poa nemoralis L. (RAS 2.1–5.8 %) and sedge Carex divulsa Stokes, (RAS 1.0–4.2 %) and the conservation of forest herbaceous cenoses is discussed. In shady parks, the use of ground cover introduced species Vinca minor L., Hedera helix L, and the herbaceous perennial Helleborus caucasicus A. Braun (RAS 1.2–7.4 %) is promising.
Modern problems of the waste recycling in small industrial cities
Authors: Kremnyov AA , Tarasova T M , Ivanchna O V , Tarasova O V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Creating an industry for the treatment, recycling and disposal of waste is an important task of the development of the Russian economy at the present stage. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation developed the national project “Ecology”. As part of this project, it is planned to implement the federal project “Construction of facilities for sorting and processing MSW” for the period from 2019 to 2024. In January 2018, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Industry Development Strategy for the Treatment, Disposal and Disposal of Production and Consumption Wastes for the Period up to 2030. The authors propose a project to build the territory of the city district of Chapayevsk with waste recycling and recycling plants. Due to the already existing and erected high-tech industries, there will be an influx of highly qualified specialists. The city will receive substantial investment injections in innovative projects; it will be possible to participate in tenders for the execution of orders, grants for the development and development of high-tech areas.