bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ballooning Instability in the Magnetospheric Plasma: Two‐Dimensional Eigenmode Analysis
Authors: Rubtsov Aleksandr V. , Mager Pavel N. , Klimushkin Dmitri Yu. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the transverse structure of the ballooning instability in a two‐dimensionally inhomogeneous model of the magnetosphere, which takes into account inhomogeneity both across the magnetic shells and along the field lines. According to the previous studies, the ballooning instability can develop at steep fall of the plasma pressure from the Earth. In this paper, the region of negative plasma pressure gradient is assumed to be sharply localized across the magnetic shells. It causes the localization of the unstable perturbation in the same direction. In this region, the perturbation has a resonator‐like structure, where only modes with discrete set of the growth rate values can exist. The azimuthal wave number of the unstable mode must exceed some critical value, which is determined by the width of the localization region.
Reconstructing Coronal Hole Areas With EUHFORIA and Adapted WSA Model: Optimizing the Model Parameters
Authors: Asvestari E. , Heinemann S. G. , Temmer M. , Pomoell J. , Kilpua E. , Magdalenic J. , Poedts S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe adopted Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge (WSA) model embedded in EUHFORIA (EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset) is compared to EUV observations. According to the standard paradigm, coronal holes are sources of open flux; thus, we use remote sensing EUV observations and CATCH (Collection of Analysis Tools for Coronal Holes) to extract CH areas and compare them to the open flux areas modeled by EUHFORIA. From the adopted WSA model we employ only the Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) model for the inner corona and the Schatten Current Sheet (SCS) model for the outer (PFSS+SCS). The height, Rss, of the outer boundary of the PFSS, known as the source surface, and the height, Ri, of the inner boundary of the SCS are important parameters affecting the modeled CH areas. We investigate the impact the two model parameters can have in the modeled results. We vary Rss within the interval [1.4, 3.2]R⊙ with a step of 0.1R⊙, and Ri within the interval [1.3, 2.8]R⊙ with the same step, and the condition that Ri<Rss. This way we have a set of 184 initial parameters to the model, and we assess the model results for all these possible height pairs. We conclude that the default heights used so far fail in modeling accurately CH areas and lower heights need to be considered.
Changes in Circulation and Particle Scavenging in the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean over the Last Three Decades Inferred from the Water Column Distribution of Geochemical Tracers
Authors: Grenier Melanie , François Roger , Soon Maureen , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel , Yu Xiaoxin , Valk Ole , Not Christelle , Moran S. Bradley , Edwards R. Lawrence , Lu Yanbin , Lepore Kate , Allen Susan E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the 1980–1990s, international research efforts have augmented our knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of the Arctic Ocean water masses, and recent studies have documented changes. Understanding the processes responsible for these changes is necessary to be able to forecast the local and global consequences of these property evolutions on climate. The present work investigates the distributions of geochemical tracers of particle fluxes and circulation in the Amerasian Basin and their temporal evolution over the last three decades (from stations visited between 1983 and 2015). Profiles of 230‐thorium (230Th) and 231‐protactinium (231Pa) concentrations and neodymium isotopes (expressed as εNd) measured in the Amerasian Basin prior to 2000 are compared to a new, post‐2000s data set. The comparison shows a large scale decrease in dissolved 230Th and 231Pa concentrations, suggesting intensification of scavenging by particle flux, especially in coastal areas. Higher productivity and sediment resuspension from the shelves appear responsible for the concentration decrease along the margins. In the basin interior, increased lateral exchanges with the boundary circulation also contribute to the decrease in concentration. This study illustrates how dissolved 230Th and 231Pa, with εNd support, can provide unique insights not only into changes in particle flux but also into the evolution of ocean circulation and mixing.
Impact of the QBO on Prediction and Predictability of the MJO Convection
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Tippett Michael K. , Sobel Adam H. , Martin Zane K. , Vitart Frederic 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe impact of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) on the prediction of tropical intraseasonal convection, including the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO), is assessed in the WMO Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) forecast database using the real‐time OLR based MJO (ROMI) index. It is shown that the ROMI prediction skill for the boreal winter MJO, measured by the maximum time at which the anomaly correlation coefficient exceeds 0.6, is higher by 5 to 10 days in the QBO easterly phase than its westerly phase. This difference occurs even in models with low tops and poorly resolved stratospheres. MJO predictability, as measured by signal to noise ratio in the S2S ensemble, also shows a similar difference between the two QBO phases, and results from a simple linear regression model show consistent behavior as well. Analysis of the ROMI index derived from observations indicates that the MJO is more coherent and stronger in the QBO easterly phase than in the westerly phase. These results suggest that the skill dependence on QBO phase results from the initial state of the MJO, the regularity of its propagation in the verifying observations, or most likely a combination of the two, but not on an actual stratospheric influence on the MJO within the model simulations. In contrast to the robust QBO‐MJO connection in boreal winter, the BSISO prediction skill exhibited by the S2S models in boreal summer is greater in the QBO westerly phase than in the easterly phase during the 1999 to 2010 period. This is consistent with the observation that BSISO OLR anomalies are stronger in the QBO westerly phase during that period. However, this relationship between the QBO and BSISO in boreal summer changes in recent decades: BSISO is weaker in QBO westerly than easterly during 1979–2000. Correspondingly, the QBO impact on BSISO prediction in boreal summer also reverses in that period as well in a statistical model, whereas this statistical model shows a consistent QBO impact on MJO prediction in boreal winter over the past four decades.
Aerosol Properties Over Tibetan Plateau From a Decade of AERONET Measurements: Baseline, Types, and Influencing Factors
Authors: Pokharel Manisha , Guang Jie , Liu Bin , Kang Shichang , Ma Yaoming , Holben Brent N. , Xia Xiang'ao , Xin Jinyuan , Ram Kirpa , Rupakheti Dipesh , Wan Xin , Wu Guangming , Bhattarai Hemraj , Zhao Chuanfeng , Cong Zhiyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, a decade long measurement of aerosol optical properties at two AERONET stations (Nam Co during 2006–2016 and QOMS during 2009–2017) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), a region sensitive to climate change and human perturbation, is presented. The baseline value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) was 0.029 and 0.027 at Nam Co and QOMS, respectively, which are comparable to or even lower than those at some Arctic and remote ocean locations. The seasonality of AOD values were the order of spring > summer > winter > autumn. Based on AOD and Ångström exponent (α), major aerosol types over the TP were further identified as continental background, biomass burning, and dust. Although continental background aerosol was the main feature in remote areas of TP, biomass burning plumes frequently occurred, especially during spring (March–April). In one of such biomass burning event in April 2014, MODIS observations demonstrated that intensive open fires occurred in South Asia, covering the foothills of Himalayas and Indo‐Gangetic Plain. The air mass back trajectories and CALIOP observations further revealed that biomass burning plume could be uplifted to higher altitudes and reach the Himalayas. Moreover, an occasional dust event detected in April 2008 over the TP demonstrated that the dust from Taklamakan Desert may impact the main body of TP episodically, although the local dust from the inside of TP cannot be excluded and warrants further study.
3D cellular-resolution imaging in arteries using few-mode interferometry
Authors: Yin Biwei , Piao Zhonglie , Nishimiya Kensuke , Hyun Chulho , Gardecki Joseph A. , Mauskapf Adam , Jaffer Farouc A. , Tearney Guillermo J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCross-sectional visualisation of the cellular and subcellular structures of human atherosclerosis in vivo is significant, as this disease is fundamentally caused by abnormal processes that occur at this scale in a depth-dependent manner. However, due to the inherent resolution-depth of focus tradeoff of conventional focusing optics, today’s highest-resolution intravascular imaging technique, namely, optical coherence tomography (OCT), is unable to provide cross-sectional images at this resolution through a coronary catheter. Here, we introduce an intravascular imaging system and catheter based on few-mode interferometry, which overcomes the depth of focus limitation of conventional high-numerical-aperture objectives and enables three-dimensional cellular-resolution intravascular imaging in vivo by a submillimetre diameter, flexible catheter. Images of diseased cadaver human coronary arteries and living rabbit arteries were acquired with this device, showing clearly resolved cellular and subcellular structures within the artery wall, such as individual crystals, smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells. The capability of this technology to enable cellular-resolution, cross-sectional intravascular imaging will make it possible to study and diagnose human coronary disease with much greater precision in the future.
Three genetic–environmental networks for human personality
Authors: Zwir Igor , Del-Val Coral , Arnedo Javier , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Konte Bettina , Yang Sarah S. , Romero-Zaliz Rocio , Hintsanen Mirka , Cloninger Kevin M. , Garcia Danilo , Svrakic Dragan M. , Lester Nigel , Rozsa Sandor , Mesa Alberto , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Giegling Ina , Kähönen Mika , Martinez Maribel , Seppälä Ilkka , Raitoharju Emma , de Erausquin Gabriel A. , Mamah Daniel , Raitakari Olli , Rujescu Dan , Postolache Teodor T. , Gu C. Charles , Sung Joohon , Lehtimäki Terho , Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa , Cloninger C. Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic, developmental, and brain-imaging studies suggest that human personality is the integrated expression of three major systems of learning and memory that regulate (1) associative conditioning, (2) intentionality, and (3) self-awareness. We have uncovered largely disjoint sets of genes regulating these dissociable learning processes in different clusters of people with (1) unregulated temperament profiles (i.e., associatively conditioned habits and emotional reactivity), (2) organized character profiles (i.e., intentional self-control of emotional conflicts and goals), and (3) creative character profiles (i.e., self-aware appraisal of values and theories), respectively. However, little is known about how these temperament and character components of personality are jointly organized and develop in an integrated manner. In three large independent genome-wide association studies from Finland, Germany, and Korea, we used a data-driven machine learning method to uncover joint phenotypic networks of temperament and character and also the genetic networks with which they are associated. We found three clusters of similar numbers of people with distinct combinations of temperament and character profiles. Their associated genetic and environmental networks were largely disjoint, and differentially related to distinct forms of learning and memory. Of the 972 genes that mapped to the three phenotypic networks, 72% were unique to a single network. The findings in the Finnish discovery sample were blindly and independently replicated in samples of Germans and Koreans. We conclude that temperament and character are integrated within three disjoint networks that regulate healthy longevity and dissociable systems of learning and memory by nearly disjoint sets of genetic and environmental influences.
Air mass source determines airborne microbial diversity at the ocean–atmosphere interface of the Great Barrier Reef marine ecosystem
Authors: Archer Stephen D J , Lee Kevin C , Caruso Tancredi , King-Miaow Katie , Harvey Mike , Huang Danwei , Wainwright Benjamin J , Pointing Stephen B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The atmosphere is the least understood biome on Earth despite its critical role as a microbial transport medium. The influence of surface cover on composition of airborne microbial communities above marine systems is unclear. Here we report evidence for a dynamic microbial presence at the ocean–atmosphere interface of a major marine ecosystem, the Great Barrier Reef, and identify that recent air mass trajectory over an oceanic or continental surface associated with observed shifts in airborne bacterial and fungal diversity. Relative abundance of shared taxa between air and coral microbiomes varied between 2.2 and 8.8% and included those identified as part of the core coral microbiome. We propose that this variable source of atmospheric inputs may in part contribute to the diverse and transient nature of the coral microbiome.
Evidence that genes involved in hedgehog signaling are associated with both bipolar disorder and high BMI
Authors: Pisanu Claudia , Williams Michael J. , Ciuculete Diana M. , Olivo Gaia , Del Zompo Maria , Squassina Alessio , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) show higher frequency of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying genetic determinants and molecular pathways are not well studied. Using large publicly available datasets, we (1) conducted a gene-based analysis using MAGMA to identify genes associated with BD and body mass index (BMI) or T2D and investigated their functional enrichment; and (2) performed two meta-analyses between BD and BMI, as well as BD and T2D using Metasoft. Target druggability was assessed using the Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). We identified 518 and 390 genes significantly associated with BD and BMI or BD and T2D, respectively. A total of 52 and 12 genes, respectively, were significant after multiple testing correction. Pathway analyses conducted on nominally significant targets showed that genes associated with BD and BMI were enriched for the Neuronal cell body Gene Ontology (GO) term (p = 1.0E−04; false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.025) and different pathways, including the Signaling by Hedgehog pathway (p = 4.8E−05, FDR = 0.02), while genes associated with BD and T2D showed no specific enrichment. The meta-analysis between BD and BMI identified 64 relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). While the majority of these were located in intergenic regions or in a locus on chromosome 16 near and in theNPIPL1andSH2B1genes (best SNP: rs4788101,p = 2.1E−24), five were located in theETV5gene (best SNP: rs1516725,p = 1E−24), which was previously associated with both BD and obesity, and one in theRPGRIP1Lgene (rs1477199,p = 5.7E−09), which was also included in the Signaling by Hedgehog pathway. The meta-analysis between BD and T2D identified six significant SNPs, three of which were located inALAS1(best SNP: rs352165,p = 3.4E−08). Thirteen SNPs associated with BD and BMI, and one with BD and T2D, were located in genes which are part of the druggable genome. Our results support the hypothesis of shared genetic determinants between BD and BMI and point to genes involved in Hedgehog signaling as promising targets.
Study of the antitumour effects and the modulation of immune response by histamine in breast cancer
Authors: Nicoud Melisa B. , Sterle Helena A. , Massari Noelia A. , Táquez Delgado Mónica A. , Formoso Karina , Herrero Ducloux María V. , Martinel Lamas Diego , Cremaschi Graciela A. , Medina Vanina A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of the role of histamine in breast cancer by assessing the therapeutic efficacy of histamine and histamine H4 receptor (H4R) ligands in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model developed in immunocompetent hosts. By using publicly available genomic data, we further investigated whether histidine decarboxylase (HDC) could be a potential biomarker.

Methods
Tumours of 4T1 TNBC cells were orthotopically established in BALB/c mice. Treatments employed (mg kg−1): histamine (1 and 5), JNJ28610244 (H4R agonist, 1 and 5) and JNJ7777120 (H4R antagonist, 10).

Results
Increased HDC gene expression is associated with better relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients. Histamine treatment (5 mg kg−1) of 4T1 tumour-bearing mice reduced tumour growth and increased apoptosis. Although no immunomodulatory effects were observed in wild-type mice, significant correlations between tumour weight and cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration were detected in H4R knockout mice. H4R agonist or antagonist differentially modulated tumour growth and immunity in 4T1 tumour-bearing mice.

Conclusions
Histamine plays a complex role and stands out as a promising drug for TNBC treatment, which deserves to be tested in clinical settings. HDC expression level is associated with clinicopathological characteristics, suggesting a prognostic value in breast cancer.
Modulation of the extrinsic cell death signaling pathway by viral Flip induces acute-death mediated liver failure
Authors: Bittel Miriam , Kremer Andreas E. , Stürzl Michael , Wirtz Stefan , Stolzer Iris , Neurath Markus F. , Ballon Gianna , Günther Claudia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring viral infections viruses express molecules that interfere with the host-cell death machinery and thus inhibit cell death responses. For example the viral FLIP (vFLIP) encoded by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interacts and inhibits the central cell death effector, Caspase-8. In order to analyze the impact of anti-apoptotic viral proteins, like vFlip, on liver physiology in vivo, mice expressing vFlip constitutively in hepatocytes (vFlipAlbCre+) were generated. Transgenic expression of vFlip caused severe liver tissue injury accompanied by massive hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation that finally culminated in early postnatal death of mice. On a molecular level, hepatocellular death was mediated by RIPK1-MLKL necroptosis driven by an autocrine TNF production. The loss of hepatocytes was accompanied by impaired bile acid production and disruption of the bile duct structure with impact on the liver-gut axis. Notably, embryonic development and tissue homeostasis were unaffected by vFlip expression. In summary our data uncovered that transgenic expression of vFlip can cause severe liver injury in mice, culminating in multiple organ insufficiency and death. These results demonstrate that viral cell death regulatory molecules exhibit different facets of activities beyond the inhibition of cell death that may merit more sophisticated in vitro and in vivo analysis.
New frontiers to cure Alport syndrome: COL4A3 and COL4A5 gene editing in podocyte-lineage cells
Authors: Daga Sergio , Donati Francesco , Capitani Katia , Croci Susanna , Tita Rossella , Giliberti Annarita , Valentino Floriana , Benetti Elisa , Fallerini Chiara , Niccheri Francesca , Baldassarri Margherita , Mencarelli Maria Antonietta , Frullanti Elisa , Furini Simone , Conticello Silvestro Giovanni , Renieri Alessandra , Pinto Anna Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlport syndrome (AS) is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by range of alterations from glomerular basement membrane abnormalities up to end-stage renal disease. Pathogenic variants in the collagen α3, α4, and α5 encoding genes are causative both of the autosomal dominant and of the X-linked forms of AS. Podocytes are the only renal cells that are able to produce the COL(IV)a3-a4a5 heterotrimer. We have previously demonstrated how it is possible to isolate podocyte-lineage cells from urine of patients, providing an easily accessible cellular model closer to the podocytes’ physiological conditions. Taking advantage of disease-relevant cell lines, we employed a two-plasmid approach in order to achieve a beneficial and stable variant-specific correction using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. One plasmid carries a Donor DNA and a reporter system mCherry/GFP to track the activity of Cas9 in cells. The other plasmid carries a self-cleaving SpCas9 and the variant-specific sgRNA. We have analyzed two stable podocyte-lineage cell lines, harboring a variant in the X-linked COL4A5 (p.(Gly624Asp)) and in the autosomal COL4A3 gene (p.(Gly856Glu)). We have achieved reversion of variants greater than 40% with undesired insertions/deletions lower than 15%. Overall, we have demonstrated a new gene therapy approach directly on patients’ cells, key players of Alport pathogenesis, and we have reverted COL4 causative variants towards the wild type state. These results, in combination with preclinical models, could open new frontiers in the management and the treatment of the disorder.
In situ mapping of activity distribution and oxygen evolution reaction in vanadium flow batteries
Authors: Ma Kaijie , Zhang Yunong , Liu Le , Xi Jingyu , Qiu Xinping , Guan Tian , He Yonghong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding spatial distribution difference and reaction kinetics of the electrode is vital for enhancing the electrochemical reaction efficiency. Here, we report a total internal reflection imaging sensor without background current interference to map local current distribution of the electrode in a vanadium redox flow battery during cyclic voltammetry (CV), enabling mapping of the activity and reversibility distribution with the spatial resolution of a single fiber. Three graphite felts with different activity are compared to verify its feasibility. In long-term cyclic voltammetry, the oxygen evolution reaction is proved to enhance activity distribution, and homogeneity of the electrode and its bubble kinetics with periodic fluctuation is consistent with the cyclic voltammetry curve, enabling the onset oxygen evolution/reduction potential determination. Higher activity and irreversibility distribution of the electrode is found in favor of the oxygen evolution reaction. This sensor has potential to detect in situ, among other processes, electrochemical reactions in flow batteries, water splitting, electrocatalysis and electrochemical corrosion.
Evidence of reactivation of a hydrothermal system from seismic anisotropy changes
Authors: Saade Maria , Araragi Kohtaro , Montagner Jean Paul , Kaminski Edouard , Roux Philippe , Aoki Yosuke , Brenguier Florent 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeismic velocity measurements have revealed that the Tohoku-Oki earthquake affected velocity structures of volcanic zones far from the epicenter. Using a seismological method based on ambient seismic noise interferometry, we monitored the anisotropy in the Mount Fuji area during the year 2011, in which the Tohoku-Oki earthquake occurred (Mw = 9.0). Here we show that even at 400 km from the epicenter, temporal variations of seismic anisotropy were observed. These variations can be explained by changes in the alignment of cracks or fluid inclusions beneath the volcanic area due to stress perturbations and the propagation of a hydrothermal fluid surge beneath the Hakone hydrothermal volcanic area. Our results demonstrate how a better understanding of the origin of anisotropy and its temporal changes beneath volcanoes and in the crust can provide insight into active processes, and can be used as part of a suite of volcanic monitoring and forecasting tools.