bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment and outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer patients in public and private hospitals: results from the South Australian Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Registry
Authors: McNeill David , Karapetis Christos S. , Price Timothy J. , Meagher Philip , Piantadosi Cynthia , Quinn Stephen , Roder David , Padbury Rob , Maddern Guy , Townsend Amanda , Jayawardana Madawa W. , Roy Amitesh C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies have reported significant differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients when managed in private versus public hospitals.AimsTo compare disease, treatment and survival outcomes of patients with mCRC in public versus private hospitals in South Australia (SA).MethodsAnalysis of prospectively collected data from the SA mCRC Registry. Patterns of care and outcome data according to location of care and socioeconomic status based on Index of Relative Socio‐Economic Advantage and Disadvantage were analysed.ResultsA total of 3470 patients’ data was analysed during February 2006–January 2015. The majority (70%) of patients received treatment in public hospitals. Patients in the upper 50% for Index of Relative Socio‐Economic Advantage and Disadvantage score were more likely to receive treatment at a private hospital (41.2% vs 21.56%) compared to <50%. Public patients had higher burden of disease (10.49% vs 7.41%, P = 0.005). Public patients received less treatment compared to the private patients (odds ratio = 0.48 (0.38–0.61), P = 0.01) and rates of surgical resections were lower in public patients. After adjusting for the covariates, public patients survive 1.33 months (P = 0.025) shorter than private patients with follow‐up time of 5 years. Patients receiving metastasectomy and more than three lines of treatment were shown to have the greatest survival benefit.ConclusionPublic patients have a higher burden of disease and in comparison are less likely to receive systemic therapy and have lower survival than patients treated in private hospitals.
Influence of Nb5+ ions on phase transitions and polar disorder above TC in PbZrO3 studied by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kajewski Dariusz , Jankowska‐Sumara Irena , Ko Jae‐Hyeon , Lee Jeong W. , Sitko Rafał , Majchrowski Andrzej , Bussmann‐Holder Annette , Roleder Krystian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicro‐Raman light scattering experiments on PbZrO3 (PZO) single crystal doped with Nb5+ have been investigated. Special attention was paid to the paraelectric (PE) phase in which nominally forbidden first‐order Raman spectra were detected at temperatures far above the phase transition TC. Complex Raman spectra were observed in the vicinity of three structural phase transitions. These results mainly from the coexistence of phases with different symmetries in a wide temperature range below TC. The Raman measurements have been compared with dielectric and optical observations and proved that polar nanoregions in a centrosymmetric lattice appear well above TC. It was shown that doping ABO3 perovskites with heterovalent ions like Nb5+ unbalances charge neutrality of the lattice and strongly extends the temperature range of polar regions. The investigations performed point out that in the PE matrix the interaction between electrons and lattice vibrations, as recently suggested for pure PZO, plays an important role.
Autosomal suppression and fitness costs of an old driving X chromosome in Drosophila testacea
Authors: Keais Graeme L. , Lu Sijia , Perlman Steve J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDriving X chromosomes (XDs) bias their own transmission through males by killing Y‐bearing gametes. These chromosomes can in theory spread rapidly in populations and cause extinction, but many are found as balanced polymorphisms or as “cryptic” XDs shut down by drive suppressors. The relative likelihood of these outcomes and the evolutionary pathways through which they come about are not well understood. An XD was recently discovered in the mycophagous fly, Drosophila testacea, presenting the opportunity to compare this XD with the well‐studied XD of its sister species, Drosophila neotestacea. Comparing features of independently evolved XDs in young sister species is a promising avenue towards understanding how XDs and their counteracting forces change over time. In contrast to the XD of D. neotestacea, we find that the XD of D. testacea is old, with its origin predating the radiation of three species: D. testacea, D. neotestacea and their shared sister species, Drosophila orientacea. Motivated by the suggestion that older XDs should be more deleterious to carriers, we assessed the effect of the XD on both male and female fertility. Unlike what is known from D. neotestacea, we found a strong fitness cost in females homozygous for the XD in D. testacea: a large proportion of homozygous females failed to produce offspring after being housed with males for several days. Our male fertility experiments show that although XD male fertility is lower under sperm‐depleting conditions, XD males have comparable fertility to males carrying a standard X chromosome under a free‐mating regime, which may better approximate conditions in wild populations of D. testacea. Lastly, we demonstrate the presence of autosomal suppression of X chromosome drive. Our results provide support for a model of XD evolution where the dynamics of young XDs are governed by fitness consequences in males, whereas in older XD systems, both suppression and fitness consequences in females likely supersede male fitness costs.
Meaningful shared decision‐making: complex process demanding cognitive and emotional skills
Authors: Stalnikowicz Ruth , Brezis Mayer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundShared decision‐making (SDM) takes place when clinicians help patient identify best course of action in the context of their preferences.MethodsThe aim of this paper is a narrative review of the literature with special focus on the humanistic dimensions of SDM.ResultsWe show that SDM is largely underused in practice, because of many barriers such as time constraints and poor skills.ConclusionsWe suggest that listening and empathy are key challenges in communicating uncertainty, which require emotional intelligence and trust building skills. To promote implementation, we propose the development of tools, simulation‐based training and the design of improved measures for SDM quality. While essential for patients, we believe that SDM may restore meaning in healthcare.
LCAart: Communicating industrial ecology at a human scale
Authors: Eckelman Matthew J. , Laboy Michelle M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis Forum piece describes a collaborative project between engineering and architecture to visualize some of the most influential results from industrial ecology using human‐scale, photorealistic images that are quantitatively accurate. Our goal was to apply visualization theories and practices from art and architecture to address a major communication problem in our field: though inspirational in concept, in practice much industrial ecology research is difficult to comprehend for the average person. Models are large and complex, metrics are esoteric, and results are often reported on a scale that is devoid of personal meaning. Our strategy was to place hidden flows and embodied emissions in plain sight, creating images that show the environmental implications of consumption as absurd insertions into scenes of daily life, at a scale that is relatable and personally meaningful. We also compare with and discuss other artistic efforts around the world in the oeuvre of “Consumption Art,” providing historical context. Industrial ecology envisions a world where production systems can incorporate social and environmental implications in real‐time, where policy is informed by our best understanding of trade‐offs and inequities, and where the public has an appreciation for what actions are meaningful, all with the goals of improving quality of life for all while safeguarding the environment and human health. Effective communication of our research is vital to build consensus for policy and action toward this vision, and one under‐appreciated aspect of communication in our field is the sympathetic power of Art.
P–T–tevolution of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit in Western Anatolia/Turkey: Geodynamic implications for the Aegean region
Authors: Çetinkaplan Mete , Candan Osman , Oberhänsli Roland , Sudo Masafumi , Cenki‐Tok Bénédicte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEclogite and blueschist facies rocks occurring as a tectonic unit between the underlying Menderes Massif (MM) and the overlying Afyon Zone/Lycian Nappes and the Bornova Flysch Zone in western Anatolia represent the eastward continuation of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) in Turkey. This high‐Punit is attributed to the closure of the Pindos Ocean and consists of (a) a Triassic to Upper Cretaceous coherent series derived from passive continental margin sediments and (b) the tectonically overlying Upper Cretaceous Selçuk mélange with eclogite blocks embedded in a pelitic epidote‐blueschist matrix. The coherent series has experienced epidote‐blueschist facies metamorphism (490 ± 25°C/11.5 ± 1.5 kbar; 38 km depth).40Ar/39Ar white mica and206Pb/238U monazite dating of quartz metaconglomerate from coherent series yielded middle Eocene ages of 44 ± 0.3 and 40.1 ± 3.1 Ma for epidote‐blueschist facies metamorphism, respectively. The epidote‐blueschist facies metamorphism of the matrix of the Selçuk mélange culminates at 520 ± 15°C/13 ± 1.5 kbar, 43 km depth, and is dated at 57.5 ± 0.3–54.5 ± 0.1 Ma (40Ar/39Ar phengite). Eclogite facies metamorphism of the blocks (570 ± 30°C/18 ± 2 kbar, 60 km depth) is early Eocene and dated at 56.2 ± 1.5 Ma by206Pb/238U zircon. Eclogites experienced a nearly isothermal retrogression (490 ± 40°C/~6 to 7 kbar) during their incorporation into the Selçuk mélange. The retrograde overprints of the coherent series (410 ± 15°C/7 ± 1.5 kbar from Dilek Peninsula and 485 ± 33°C/~6 to 7 kbar from Selçuk–Tire area) and the Selçuk mélange (510 ± 15°C/6 ± 1 kbar) are dated at 35.8 ± 0.5–34.3 ± 0.1 Ma by40Ar/39Ar white mica and 31.6 ± 6.6 Ma by206Pb/238U allanite dating methods, respectively. Regional geological constrains reveal that the contact between the MM and the CBU originally formed a lithosphere‐scale transform fault zone.40Ar/39Ar white mica age from the contact indicates that the CBU and the MM were tectonically juxtaposed under greenschist facies conditions during late Eocene, 35.1 ± 0.3 Ma.
Postencephalitic epilepsy in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: Clinical features, risk factors, and long‐term outcome
Authors: Kaczmarska Adriana , José‐López Roberto , Czopowicz Michał , Lazzerini Kali , Leblond Guillaume , Stalin Catherine , Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the presence of seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) has been associated with shorter survival times, data regarding the prevalence and risk factors for postencephalitic epilepsy (PEE) is lacking.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical features, prevalence, risk factors, and long‐term outcome of PEE in dogs with MUO.AnimalsSixty‐one dogs with presumptive diagnosis of MUO based on the clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging findings.MethodsRetrospective study. Cases were identified by search of hospital medical records for dogs with suspected or confirmed MUO. Medical records of dogs meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed. Signalment, seizure history, clinicopathologic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were recorded.ResultsAmong 61 dogs at risk of PEE, 14 (23%) dogs developed PEE. Three of 14 dogs with PEE (21%) developed drug‐resistant epilepsy. Dogs with PEE were younger (P= .03; ORadjusted= 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐0.98) and had significantly shorter survival times (log‐rank testP= .04) when compared to dogs that did not develop epilepsy. The risk factors associated with the development of PEE were the presence of acute symptomatic seizures (ASS;P= .04; ORadjusted= 4.76; 95% CI, 1.11‐20.4) and MRI lesions in the hippocampus (P= .04; ORadjusted= 4.75; 95% CI, 1.07‐21.0).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with MUO and seizures at the early stage of the disease (ASS) seem to be at a higher risk of developing PEE.
Past human disturbances and soil fertility both influence the distribution of light‐demanding tree species in a Central African tropical forest
Authors: Vleminckx Jason , Bauman David , Demanet Marine , Hardy Olivier J. , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Drouet Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuestionsIn vast areas of Central African forests, the upper canopy is presently dominated by light‐demanding tree species. Here, we confront three hypotheses to explain this dominance: (a) these species have expanded their distribution because of widespread past slash‐and‐burn activities, as suggested by important charcoal amounts recorded in the soils of the region; (b) their abundance is rather explained by soil properties, as this guild establishes preferentially on favourable physico‐chemical conditions for rapid growth; (c) soil properties have been substantially influenced by past human disturbances and those two effects cannot be disentangled.LocationPallisco‐CIFM logging concession, southeastern Cameroon (300,000 ha).MethodsWe quantified soil charcoal abundance and measured ten soil variables at the basis of 60 target trees that belonged to a list of three long‐living pioneer light‐demanding (LLP) and four shade‐bearer (SB) species. We identified all stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 20 cm within a distance of 15 m around each target tree. Species were characterised by their wood‐specific gravity (WSG), which reflected their light requirement. Multiple regression models were used to quantify and test the relative effects of charcoal abundance and soil variables on the mean WSG of the 60 tree communities, as well as the abundance of three guilds: LLP, SB, and non‐pioneer light demanders (NPLD).ResultsThe mean WSG was the only response variable significantly explained by soil variables and charcoal abundance combined. It was significantly negatively associated with soil calcium and Mg content and with charcoal abundance, with soil and charcoal influencing the mean WSG independently.ConclusionOur study provides evidence that past human disturbances and soil fertility have independently promoted the establishment of light‐demanding species in western Central African forests, thereby shedding light on tree community assembly rules in these ecosystems which remain considerably understudied compared to the tropical forests of other continents.
Being in a Position to Know is the Norm of Assertion
Authors: Willard‐Kyle Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper defends a new norm of assertion: Assert that p only if you are in a position to know that p. We test the norm by judging its performance in explaining three phenomena that appear jointly inexplicable at first: Moorean paradoxes, lottery propositions, and selfless assertions. The norm succeeds by tethering unassertability to unknowability while untethering belief from assertion. The PtK‐norm foregrounds the public nature of assertion as a practice that can be other‐regarding, allowing asserters to act in the best interests of their audience when psychological pressures would otherwise prevent them from communicating the knowable truth.
Memory of environmental conditions across generations affects the acclimation potential of scots pine
Authors: Bose Arun K , Moser Barbara , Rigling Andreas , Lehmann Marco M. , Milcu Alexandru , Peter Martina , Rellstab Christian , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Gessler Arthur 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLong generation times have been suggested to hamper rapid genetic adaptation of organisms to changing environmental conditions. We examined if environmental memory of the parental Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) drive offspring survival and growth. We used seeds from trees growing under naturally dry conditions (control), irrigated trees (irrigated from 2003 to 2016), and formerly irrigated trees (“irrigation stop”; irrigated from 2003–2013; control condition since 2014). We performed two experiments, one under controlled greenhouse conditions and one at the experimental field site. In the greenhouse, the offspring from control trees exposed regularly to drought were more tolerant to hot–drought conditions than the offspring from irrigated trees and showed lower mortality even though there was no genetic difference. However, under optimal conditions (high water supply and full sunlight), these offspring showed lower growth and were outperformed by the offspring of the irrigated trees. This different offspring growth, with the offspring of the “irrigation‐stop” trees showing intermediate responses, points to the important role of transgenerational memory for the long‐term acclimation of trees. Such memory effects, however, may be overridden by climatic extremes during germination and early growth stages such as the European 2018 mega‐drought that impacted our field experiment.
Heterodera schachtii infection affects nitrogen metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Labudda Mateusz , Różańska Elżbieta , Muszyńska Ewa , Marecka Dorota , Głowienka Maria , Roliński Patryk , Prabucka Beata 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNitrogen metabolism is important for physiological processes during normal growth and development, as well as plant defence responses. Second‐stage juveniles of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii penetrate into the root and initiate permanent feeding sites called syncytia, from which they draw all necessary nutrients. To unravel whether the cyst nematode infestation changes nitrogen metabolism, the enzymatic activity and gene expression of nitrate (NIA) and nitrite (NIR) reductases and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), as well as levels of the metabolites nitrates, nitrites, and ammonium ions were estimated both locally in inoculated roots and systemically in shoots of inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana plants at 3, 7, and 15 days post‐inoculation (dpi). Moreover, gene expression of long hypocotyle 5 (HY5), a basic‐region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, was also determined, to learn more about the potential transcriptional regulation of the analysed enzymes. It was shown that the activity of nitrogen‐related enzymes and the content of metabolites fluctuated during the whole period of infection. These results were accompanied by organ‐specific and dpi‐dependent gene expression patterns. The high gene expression level of HY5 in infected roots at 7 and 15 dpi coexisted with enhanced expression of NIA1 and NIR1 at 7 dpi and NIA2 at 15 dpi. Enhanced HY5 expression level in shoots of infected plants at 15 dpi was followed by up‐regulation of NIA1 expression, suggesting that HY5 may regulate the gene expression of NIA and NIR during nematode infection. Our results indicate that changes in plant nitrogen metabolism occur during cyst nematode infection.
Inflammation during Schistosoma haematobium infection and anti‐allergy in pre‐school‐aged children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chimponda Theresa N. , Mduluza Takafira 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAllergies and autoimmune disorders are less prevalent in areas where parasitic infections are abundant. The relationship between schistosomiasis, Chitinase 3‐Like 1 protein (YKL‐40), an inflammatory marker, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA), an allergy marker, was investigated in pre‐school‐aged children (1–5 years old) living in an area endemic to Schistosoma haematobium infection.MethodsCross‐sectional study including 145 participants, 66 females and 79 males. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed using the urine filtration technique. Levels of YKL‐40 and antinuclear antibodies concentrations were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 21.4 % (n = 31) with 114 not infected, 18 with light and 13 with moderate infections. YKL‐40 levels were higher in the S. haematobium‐infected group than in the uninfected group (P = 0.038). However, S. haematobium infection intensity did not correlate with YKL‐40 levels. ANA levels were significantly higher in uninfected children than in infected children (P = 0.028). There was a significant inverse relationship between ANA levels and schistosome infection intensity (r = −0.225, P = 0.016). The correlation between ANA levels and YKL‐40 levels was not significant.ConclusionInflammatory marker in pre‐school‐aged children living in an area endemic for schistosomiasis indicate YKL‐40 as a possible biomarker of S. haematobium infection in pre‐school‐aged children, warranting further investigations in a longitudinal study. The study gives an insight into allergy as ANA levels were higher in schistosome‐uninfected than infected participants, further studies on allergies are needed.
Modeling Human Syllogistic Reasoning: The Role of “No Valid Conclusion”
Authors: Riesterer Nicolas , Brand Daniel , Dames Hannah , Ragni Marco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSyllogistic reasoning, that is the drawing of inferences for categorical‐quantified assertions, is one of the oldest branches of deductive reasoning research with a history exceeding 100 years. In syllogistic reasoning experiments, “No Valid Conclusion” (NVC) is one of the most frequently selected responses and corresponds to the logically correct conclusion for 58% of the syllogistic problem domain. To date, NVC is often neglected in computational models or just treated as a by‐product of the underlying inferential mechanisms such as a last resort when the search for alternatives is exhausted. We illustrate that NVC represents a major shortcoming of current models for human syllogistic reasoning. By introducing heuristic rules for predicting NVC, we demonstrate that simple extensions of the existing models result in substantial improvements in their predictive performances. Our results emphasize the need for better NVC handling in cognitive modeling of human reasoning and provide directions for modelers on how to enhance their approaches.
A long non‐coding apple RNA, MSTRG.85814.11, acts as a transcriptional enhancer of SAUR32 and contributes to the Fe‐deficiency response
Authors: Sun Yaqiang , Hao Pengbo , Lv Xinmin , Tian Ji , Wang Yi , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Wu Ting 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIron (Fe) is an essential plant nutrient and its deficiency typically limits plant growth. Long non‐coding (lnc) RNAs are involved in adaptive responses to nutrient stress; however, it is not known whether they function in the regulation of the canonical Fe‐deficiency response. The expression of Malus domestica (apple) lncRNA MSTRG.85814 is induced by Fe deficiency, as identified by high‐throughput strand‐specific RNA‐seq analysis of an apple homograft system. MSTRG.85814 has a complex structure, with 13 predicted RNA sequence variants, four of which are upregulated in the roots of plants experiencing Fe deficiency. We found that one MSTRG.85814 splice variant (MSTRG.85814.11) positively modulated its cis target mRNA derived from the small auxin upregulated gene SAUR32. This in turn promoted the expression of SAUR32 and caused an increase in the expression of a plasma membrane proton ATPase, AHA10. Using a pH imaging technique, a significant decrease in the apoplastic pH was observed to occur in the root tips of MSTRG.85814.11 or SAUR32‐overexpressing apple plants. Thus MSTRG.85814.11 was shown to positively promote SAUR32 expression, which then activated proton extrusion involved in the Fe‐deficiency response. These results reveal a mechanism by which lncRNA promotes environmental Fe‐deficiency stress adaption.