bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing feminist perspectives of women’s bodies using a globalized view: The changing surrogacy market in Japan
Authors: Yanagihara Yoshie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to evoke an alternative viewpoint on surrogacy, moving beyond popular Western feminist beliefs on the practice, by introducing the history and current context of East Asian surrogacy. To elaborate a different cultural perspective on surrogacy, this paper first introduces the East Asian history of contract pregnancy systems, prior to the emergence of the American invention of ‘modern’ surrogacy practice. Then, it examines Japanese mass media portrayals of cross‐border surrogacy in which white women have become ‘convenient’ entities. The results of the analysis show how Japanese culture has adopted a rhetoric about the use of white women as convenient surrogate mothers in the global commercial surrogacy market. An essential aspect of surrogacy is the premise that a woman’s reproductive function should be accessible to others. Past discussions among feminists have neglected this important point. Moreover, they share the assumption that white surrogacy clients are exploiters, who take advantage of women of colour as surrogate mothers. The current situation in Asia flips this perspective—with white women regarded as easier targets for exploitation by wealthy people of colour. For Asian clients, Westerners can be easily regarded as ‘others’ whom they can use for their reproductive needs. In today's globalized era, the surrogacy industry is no longer for affluent Westerners only. Considering this change, it is crucial to discuss surrogacy issues by reconstructing feminist perspectives with a globalized view, to help protect women’s bodies, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, skin colour, or religion.
Effect of intra‐ and inter‐tumoral heterogeneity on molecular characteristics of primary IDH‐wild type glioblastoma revealed by single‐cell analysis
Authors: Xiong Zujian , Yang Qi , Li Xuejun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo reveal the effects of intra‐ and inter‐tumoral heterogeneity on characteristics of primary IDH‐wild type glioblastoma cells.MethodsSingle‐cell RNA‐seq data were acquired from the GEO database, and bulk sample transcriptome data were downloaded from the TCGA database with clinical information. Neoplastic subtype and glioma stem‐like cells (GSCs) were identified by matching 5000 random virtual samples based on ssGSEA. CNV was inferred to compare the heterogeneity among patients and subtypes by infercnv. Transition direction was inferred by RNA velocity, and lineage trajectory was inferred by monocle. Regulon network of cells was analyzed by SCENIC, and cell communication was identified by CellPhoneDB.ResultsGlioblastoma (GBM) cells could be divided into four subtypes by Verhaak classifier. However, classification of three subtypes (except NE subtype) was more suitable for GBM cells, and Verhaak classifier has difficulty in distinguishing GSCs. GBM heterogeneity and GBM cells’ regulon network were mainly influenced by inter‐tumoral heterogeneity. Within the same patient, different subclones exist in the same subtype of cells whose transition direction could be predicted by regulon similarity. Apart from inter‐tumoral heterogeneity, different subtype of cells share common subtype‐specific cell‐cell communications.ConclusionsInter‐tumoral heterogeneity contributes mainly to GBM heterogeneity and cell molecular characteristics. However, the same subtype of cells shared cell communication similarities.
Cut‐off values to evaluate exercise‐induced asthma in eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation test for children
Authors: Burman Janne , Elenius Varpu , Lukkarinen Heikki , Kuusela Tom , Mäkelä Mika J. , Kesti Olli , Väätäinen Katri , Maunula Maria , Remes Sami , Jartti Tuomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) testing is a diagnostic tool for diagnostics of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction; while the testing has become more common among children, data on the test's feasibility among children remain limited. Our aim was to investigate EVH testing feasibility among children, diagnostic testing cut‐off values, and which factors affect testing outcomes.MethodsWe recruited 134 patients aged 10–16 years with a history of exercise‐induced dyspnoea and 100 healthy control children to undergo 6‐min EVH testing. Testing feasibility was assessed by the children's ability to achieve ≥70% of the target minute ventilation of 30 times forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Bronchoconstriction was assessed as a minimum of 8%, 10%, 12%, 15% or 20% fall in FEV1. Patient characteristics were correlated with EVH outcomes.ResultsOverall, 98% of the children reached ≥70%, 88% reached ≥80%, 79% reached ≥90% and 62% reached ≥100% of target ventilation in EVH testing; of children with a history of exercise‐induced dyspnoea, the decline percentages were as follows: 24% (≥8% fall), 17% (≥10% fall), 10% (≥12% fall), 6% (≥15% fall) and 5% (≥20% fall) in FEV1, compared to 11%, 4%, 3%, 1% and 0% among the healthy controls, respectively. Healthy controls and boys performed testing at higher ventilation rates (p < .05).ConclusionEucapnic voluntary hyperventilation testing is feasible among children aged 10–16 years and has diagnostic value in evaluating exercise‐induced dyspnoea among children. A minimum 10% fall in FEV1 is a good diagnostic cut‐off value. Disease status appears to be important covariates.
Reelin dorsal horn neurons co‐express Lmx1b and are mispositioned in disabled‐1 mutant mice
Authors: Yvone Griselda M. , Chavez‐Martinez Carmine L. , Nguyen Amanda R. , Wang Deborah J. , Phelps Patricia E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMice missing either Reelin or Disabled‐1 (Dab1) exhibit dorsal horn neuronal positioning errors and display heat hypersensitivity and mechanical insensitivity. Reelin binds its receptors, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 and very low‐density lipoprotein receptor, leading to the recruitment and phosphorylation of Dab1 and activation of downstream pathways that regulate neuronal migration. Previously, we reported that 70% of Dab1 laminae I–II neurons co‐expressed LIM‐homeobox transcription factor 1‐beta (Lmx1b). Here, we asked whether Reelin‐expressing dorsal horn neurons co‐express Lmx1b, are mispositioned in dab1 mutants, and contribute to nociceptive abnormalities. About 90% of Reelin‐labeled neurons are Lmx1b‐positive in laminae I–II, confirming that most Reelin and Dab1 neurons are glutamatergic. We determined that Reelin‐Lmx1b and Dab1‐Lmx1b dorsal horn neurons are separate populations, and together, comprise 37% of Lmx1b‐positive cells within and above the Isolectin B4 (IB4) layer in wild‐type mice. Compared to wild‐type mice, dab1 mutants have a reduced area of laminae I–II outer (above the IB4 layer), more Reelin‐Lmx1b neurons within the IB4 layer, and fewer Reelin‐Lmx1b neurons within the lateral reticulated area of lamina V and lateral spinal nucleus. Interestingly, both Reelin‐ and Dab1‐labeled dorsal horn neurons sustain similar positioning errors in mutant mice. After noxious thermal and mechanical stimulation, Reelin, Lmx1b, and Reelin‐Lmx1b neurons expressed Fos in laminae I–II and the lateral reticulated area in wild‐type mice and, therefore, participate in nociceptive circuits. Together, our data suggest that disruption of the Reelin‐signaling pathway results in neuroanatomical abnormalities that contribute to the nociceptive changes that characterize these mutant mice.
Network level characteristics in the emotion recognition network after unilateral temporal lobe surgery
Authors: Huang Yun‐An , Dupont Patrick , Van de Vliet Laura , Jastorff Jan , Peeters Ron , Theys Tom , van Loon Johannes , Van Paesschen Wim , Van den Stock Jan , Vandenbulcke Mathieu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe human amygdala is considered a key region for successful emotion recognition. We recently reported that temporal lobe surgery (TLS), including resection of the amygdala, does not affect emotion recognition performance (Journal of Neuroscience, 2018, 38, 9263). In the present study, we investigate the neural basis of this preserved function at the network level. We use generalized psychophysiological interaction and graph theory indices to investigate network level characteristics of the emotion recognition network in TLS patients and healthy controls. Based on conflicting emotion processing theories, we anticipated two possible outcomes: a substantial increase of the non‐amygdalar connections of the emotion recognition network to compensate functionally for the loss of the amygdala, in line with basic emotion theory versus only minor changes in network level properties as predicted by psychological construction theory. We defined the emotion recognition network in the total sample and investigated group differences on five network level indices (i.e. characteristic path length, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, local efficiency and small‐worldness). The results did not reveal a significant increase in the left or right temporal lobectomy group (compared to the control group) in any of the graph measures, indicating that preserved behavioural emotion recognition in TLS is not associated with a massive connectivity increase between non‐amygdalar nodes at network level. We conclude that the emotion recognition network is robust and functionally able to compensate for structural damage without substantial global reorganization, in line with a psychological construction theory.
Merleau‐Ponty on painting and the problem of reflection
Authors: Jerndal Emma C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe challenge of “catching experience in the act” is commonly recognized as a problem for phenomenological reflection. After tracing this “problem of reflection” to its origin in Natorp's Allgemeine Psychologie and discussing Husserl's critical response, I argue that Merleau‐Ponty recognizes that a version of it poses a genuine problem for phenomenology in the form of what he calls “objective thought.” Seen in light of his concern for the distortion of objective thought, his attention to indeterminacy and distortion in the portraits and still lifes of Cézanne takes on philosophical significance. I analyze how Merleau‐Ponty sees phenomenological concepts such as style, horizons, and coherent deformation at work in a number of paintings and suggest how such features remedy objective thought by resisting the tendency for reflection on ordinary perception to mistake objective properties of objects for properties of the experience in which they are given.
Embolization of tumor cells is rare in patients with systemic cancer and cerebral large vessel occlusion
Authors: Wolpert F. , Kulcsár Z. , Hänsel M. , Rushing E. , Seystahl K. , Schweizer J. , Roth P. , Luft A.R. , Wegener S. , Weller M. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeStroke is a dreaded complication in patients with cancer. Besides paraneoplastic coagulopathy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and tumor‐directed invasive procedures, circulating cancer cells may contribute to thrombus formation and embolic stroke. However, the incidence of tumor cells within the blood clots of cancer patients with stroke is unknown and the role of circulating tumor cells in the formation of cerebrovascular thrombi remains unclear.MethodsAll patients who had undergone cerebrovascular thrombectomy at the University Hospital Zurich between 2014 and 2017 were screened for history of cancer. Clinical information was retrieved from the local stroke registry and the electronic charts and thrombi underwent a thorough histopathological re‐review.ResultsThirty‐two of 182 patients (18%) with thrombectomy had a history of cancer. The majority of patients had advanced stage cancer. However, even after extensive histopathological re‐review, only one specimen revealed tumor cells in the thrombus: a 75‐year‐old patient with acute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery who had been diagnosed with non‐small‐cell lung cancer 8.1 months prior to stroke.ConclusionsThe presence of cancer cells in clots from cerebrovascular thrombectomy, indicative of a direct involvement of circulating tumor cells in the causation of stroke, is rare.
Oxidative state in equine neonates: Anti‐ and pro‐oxidants
Authors: França de Souza Danilo , Alonso Maria A. , Brito Maíra M. , Meirelles Marcela G. , Francischini Maria C. P. , Nichi Marcilio , Fernandes Claudia B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn newborns, exposure to the extrauterine environment with high oxygen tension and sudden pulmonary adaptation leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS have several physiological roles, which are essential for neonatal development, however, when unbalanced, these highly unstable molecules can cause cellular destabilisation, compromising vital processes.ObjectivesTo characterise the oxidative status in healthy equine neonates, evaluating an indicator of lipid peroxidation and both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems, during the first week of life.Study designExperimental cohort.MethodsTwenty‐four foals were evaluated, with blood collections performed at 5 minutes, 12, 72 and 168 hours after birth. The degree of lipid peroxidation was quantified using Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymatic activities, and total, conjugated and unconjugated serum bilirubin levels were also analysed. Comparisons were performed using ANOVA followed by a Tukey's test. Additionally, dependent variables were also evaluated with Pearson's correlation tests.ResultsHigher GPx activity was observed at 12 and 72 hours when compared to 5 minutes. An increase in TBARS levels was found at 5 minutes after birth, followed by a decrease at 72 hours and stabilisation through subsequent moments until 168 hours after birth. No differences were observed in SOD activity when comparing the four time points. Bilirubin concentrations were lower at 5 minutes after birth and total and unconjugated bilirubin increased at 12 hours and decreased between 72 and 168 hours after birth.ConclusionsLipid peroxidation at birth was high, suggesting an increase in ROS levels relating to physiological events in neonatal adaptation. Antioxidant systems, involving unconjugated bilirubin and GPx, were activated and these biomolecules act concomitantly to reduce ROS levels, thus maintaining oxidative homeostasis. Overall, our results suggest a pro‐oxidant balance during the first 168 hours after birth in equine neonates.
Suppressed microRNA‐195‐5p expression in mycosis fungoides promotes tumor cell proliferation
Authors: Rittig Anne H. , Johansen Claus , Celis Pamela , Odum Niels , Litman Thomas , Woetmann Anders , Lindahl Lise M. , Iversen Lars 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral cancers, including mycosis fungoides (MF), have reported dysregulation of miR‐195‐5p. miR‐195‐5p plays a role in cell cycle regulation in several malignant diseases.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate: (a) the expression level of miR‐195‐5p in lesional MF skin biopsies and (b) the potential regulatory roles of miR‐195‐5p in MF.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to determine miR‐195‐5p expression in MF skin biopsies and cell lines. The effect of miR‐195‐5p and ADP‐ribosylation factor‐like protein 2 (ARL2) on cell cycle and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry assays. Changes in ARL2 expression were determined by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting (WB).ResultsWe found lower expression levels of miR‐195‐5p in lesional skin from MF patients compared with non‐lesional MF skin and skin from healthy volunteers. Additionally, miR‐195‐5p showed lower expression levels in the skin from patients with disease progression compared with patients with stable disease. In vitro studies showed that overexpression of miR‐195‐5p induced a cell cycle arrest in G0G1. Using microarray analysis, we identified several genes that were regulated after miR‐195‐5p overexpression. The most downregulated gene after miR‐195‐5p mimic transfection was ARL2. RT‐qPCR and WB analyses confirmed downregulation of ARL2 following transfection with miR‐195‐5p mimic. Lastly, transfection with siRNA against ARL2 also induced a G0G1 arrest.ConclusionUpregulation of miR‐195‐5p in MF inhibits cycle arrest by downregulation of ARL2. miR‐195‐5p may thus function as a tumor suppressor in MF and low miR‐195‐5p expression in lesional MF skin may promote disease progression.
Synovitis and synovectomy in haemophilia
Authors: van Vulpen Lize F. D. , Thomas Sylvia , Keny Swapnil A. , Mohanty Shubhranshu S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractJoint bleeds cause major morbidity in haemophilia patients. The synovial tissue is responsible for removal of blood remnants from the joint cavity. But blood components, especially iron, lead to a series of changes in the synovial tissue: inflammation, proliferation and neovascularization. These changes make the synovium vulnerable to subsequent bleeding and as such a vicious cycle of bleeding‐synovitis‐bleeding may develop leading to chronic synovitis. The initial step in the treatment is adequate clotting factor supplementation and immediate physiotherapeutic involvement. If these measures fail, synovectomy may be indicated. Non‐surgical options are chemical and radioactive synovectomy. This is a relatively non‐invasive procedure to do synovectomy, leading to a reduction in pain and joint bleeds. Radioactive synovectomy seems more effective than chemical synovectomy in larger joints. Surgical options are open and arthroscopic synovectomy. Open synovectomy has been found to decrease the incidence of breakthrough bleeds but at the cost of loss of joint motion. Use of arthroscopic synovectomy has been advocated to reduce bleeding episodes with less morbidity to extra‐articular tissue and preservation of joint motion. Use of a continuous passive motion (CPM) machine and early mobilization can decrease the postoperative stiffness and promote early recovery. This review addresses the current understanding of synovitis and its treatment options with specific emphasis on chemical and radioactive synovectomy and surgical options.
DISCRETE CHOICE AND RATIONAL INATTENTION: A GENERAL EQUIVALENCE RESULT
Authors: Fosgerau Mogens , Melo Emerson , de Palma André , Shum Matthew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article establishes a general equivalence between discrete choice and rational inattention models. Matějka and McKay (2015) showed that when information costs are modeled using the Shannon entropy, the choice probabilities in the rational inattention (RI) model take the multinomial logit form. We show that, for one given prior over states, RI choice probabilities may take the form of any additive random utility discrete choice model (ARUM) when the information cost is a Bregman information, a class defined in this article. The prior information of the rationally inattentive agent is summarized in a constant vector of utilities in the corresponding ARUM.
Chemical, phase and structural change of mullite synthesized during sintering of kaolin
Authors: Sanya Olajide T. , Owoeye Seun S. , Isinkaye Olanireti E. , Simon Olaleye T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMullite is of great technological relevance but rarely occurs in nature and as a result different approaches have been adopted in its synthesis from alumina bearing minerals. In this study, chemical, phase and structural change of mullite synthesized from sintering of natural kaolinite clay is investigated. Thoroughly beneficiated kaolinite clay powder was obtained from Nigeria and uniaxially pressed into cylindrical compact of 40 × 30 mm followed by sintering at temperatures of 1200°C and 1300°C, respectively. The chemical composition, microstructure change, phase transformation, and reaction bonding were carried out using EDXRF, SEM, XRD, and FT‐IR, respectively, to assess the synthesized mullite. The results showed that a well‐dispersed primary mullite phase was obtained which was fully developed at increased temperature of 1300°C. Better mullite phase was also obtained with increasing alumina content at more elevated temperature of 1300°C while Si‐O‐Al bonding of mullite crystals was also obtained from the FT‐IR spectra. However, the needle‐shaped mullite structure was not achieved which might be attributed to the sintering temperatures 1200°C‐1300°C utilized.
Temperature stability of a pure metakaolin based K‐geopolymer: Part 1. Variations in the amorphous mineral network
Authors: Gomes Sandrine , Petit Elodie , Frezet Lawrence , Thirouard Rodolphe , Taviot‐Gueho Christine , Gharzouni Ameni , Rossignol Sylvie , Renaudin Guillaume 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe thermal behavior of a model MK based K‐geopolymer (Si/Al = 1.38 and K/Al = 0.68; obtained by alkaline activation of a very pure metakaolin) was investigated between room temperature and 1400°C in order to evaluate its potentiality for high‐temperature applications. The purpose of our study was to monitor the behavior of a geopolymer during a temperature rise in order to better understand its variations with respect to temperature. The works from the present paper focus only variations in the internal structure of the mineral matrix. The results presented here show that the amorphous mineral matrix is preserved up to 900°C. The results also show that there is a densification of the internal structure of tetrahedral network during heating, due to changes in the Q3 environments in fully‐connected Q4 for both silicates and aluminates. Thus, our work provides a new more precise vision of the 3D geopolymeric mineral matrix for which the silicoaluminous network is not exclusively composed of Q4 entities, contrary to what is frequently encountered in the literature before.
Controllable synthesis of SiC@Graphene core‐shell nanoparticles via fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Zhao Jian , Liu Malin , Chang Jiaxing , Shao Youlin , Liu Bing , Liu Rongzheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSiC@Graphene (SiC@G) core‐shell nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a facile fluidized bed (FB) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. SiC@G core‐shell nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm and graphene from 1 to 5 layers with a controllable thickness were obtained by finely adjusting the experimental temperatures. The formation of SiC nanoparticles and graphene layers was confirmed by the results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy. The graphene content in SiC@G core‐shell nanoparticles prepared at different temperatures was measured from thermogravimetric analysis (TG), which varied from 5.89% to 11.88 mass%. From X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, no absorption assigned to Si‐O band was detected, indicating the effective protection of the SiC nanoparticles against oxidation by the graphene shell to resist oxidation of SiC nanoparticles. This novel method of preparation of SiC@G core‐shell nanoparticles could be applied to large‐scale production and find diverse applications in related fields.
An encounter between a pelagic shark and giant cephalopod
Authors: Papastamatiou Yannis P. , Verbeck Deron , Hutchinson Melanie , Bracken‐Grissom Heather D. , Chapman Demian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) was observed off the coast of Kona, Hawaii, with scars caused by the tentacles of a large cephalopod. While the exact species could not be confirmed, candidate species include the giant squid (Architeuthis dux) or species from the generaThysanoteuthis(flying squids) andMegalocranchia(glass squids). Telemetry showsC. longimanuswill dive within the mesopelagic zone and may interact with or even forage for large cephalopods.