bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniformly Connected Graphs — A Survey
Authors: Chartrand Gary , Zhang Ping 
Published: October 2020

A graph [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-uniformly connected for an integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] if for every pair [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] of distinct vertices of [Formula: see text], there is a [Formula: see text] path of length [Formula: see text]. A number of results, conjectures, and problems are presented concerning [Formula: see text]-uniformly connected graphs for various integers [Formula: see text]. These include the special cases where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Graphs are discussed that are [Formula: see text]-uniformly connected for a particular integer [Formula: see text] but are not [Formula: see text]-uniformly connected for every integer [Formula: see text]. Also, graphs are considered in which there is a unique [Formula: see text] path of length [Formula: see text] for a particular value of [Formula: see text]. Sets [Formula: see text] of positive integers are considered for which there exists a graph [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-uniformly connected if and only if [Formula: see text].
Seismic characterization and origin of clinoforms in lacustrine depositional environments: a case study from the Cretaceous of the South Atlantic
Authors: Barnett Andrew J. , Fu Lucy , Rapasi Tolu , Scotellaro Cinzia , Guha Jaydip , Cabolova Anastasija , Domingues Ana Licia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The lacustrine Itapema Formation in the Santos Basin locally comprises 10
2
m thick clinoforms identified seismically and corroborated by several well penetrations. Individual clinoforms, as proven by well penetrations, are composed of 10
2
m thick successions of basinward-dipping molluscan grainstones and rudstones. Manual dip picking of borehole images shows upward-increasing dips consistent with seismic geometries and a predominance of longshore sediment transport. Clinoforms are bound at their top and base by strata with significantly lower dips recognizable on both seismic and borehole images. Elevated gamma-ray log responses together with sidewall core samples indicate that these intervals correspond to more argillaceous facies which are interpreted as lake flooding events. While the existence of bona fide clinoforms is demonstrated by a range of subsurface data, their precise origin remains enigmatic. The majority of the bivalve genera that make up the grain-supported carbonates appear to be infaunal or semi-infaunal. As such the clinoforms represent large bars produced through the re-working of bivalves from lower-energy depositional environments by shore-parallel currents.
B7-H3: An Attractive Target for Antibody-based Immunotherapy
Authors: Kontos Filippos , Michelakos Theodoros , Kurokawa Tomohiro , Sadagopan Ananthan , Schwab Joseph H. , Ferrone Cristina R. , Ferrone Soldano 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The recent impressive clinical responses to antibody-based immunotherapy have prompted the identification of clinically relevant tumor antigens that can serve as targets in solid tumors. Among them, B7-H3, a member of the B7 ligand family, represents an attractive target for antibody-based immunotherapy, it is overexpressed on differentiated malignant cells and cancer-initiating cells, with limited heterogeneity, and high frequency (60% of 25,000 tumor samples) in many different cancer types, but has a limited expression at low level in normal tissues. In nonmalignant tissues, B7-H3 has a predominantly inhibitory role in adaptive immunity, suppressing T-cell activation and proliferation. In malignant tissues, B7-H3 inhibits tumor antigen–specific immune responses, leading to a protumorigenic effect. B7-H3 also has nonimmunologic protumorigenic functions, such as promoting migration and invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as well as affecting tumor cell metabolism. As a result, B7-H3 expression in tumors is associated with poor prognosis. Although experimental B7-H3 silencing reduces cancer cell malignant potential, there has been limited emphasis on the development of B7-H3–blocking antibodies, most likely because the B7-H3 receptor remains unknown. Instead, many antibody-based strategies utilizing distinct effector mechanisms to target B7-H3–expressing cancer cells have been developed. These strategies have demonstrated potent antitumor activity and acceptable safety profiles in preclinical models. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing their safety and efficacy in patients. Identification of the B7-H3 receptor will improve our understanding of its role in tumor immunity, and will suggest rational strategies to develop blocking antibodies, which may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of tumor immunity.
Polypharmacy in Older Adults Hospitalized for Heart Failure
Authors: Unlu Ozan , Levitan Emily B. , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Kneifati-Hayek Jerard , Diaz Ivan , Archambault Alexi , Chen Ligong , Hanlon Joseph T. , Maurer Mathew S. , Safford Monika M. , Lachs Mark S. , Goyal Parag 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Despite potential harm that can result from polypharmacy, real-world data on polypharmacy in the setting of heart failure (HF) are limited. We sought to address this knowledge gap by studying older adults hospitalized for HF derived from the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke).

Methods:
We examined 558 older adults aged ≥65 years with adjudicated HF hospitalizations from 380 hospitals across the United States. We collected and examined data from the REGARDS baseline assessment, medical charts from HF-adjudicated hospitalizations, the American Hospital Association annual survey database, and Medicare’s Hospital Compare website. We counted the number of medications taken at hospital admission and discharge; and classified each medication as HF-related, non-HF cardiovascular-related, or noncardiovascular-related.

Results:
The vast majority of participants (84% at admission and 95% at discharge) took ≥5 medications; and 42% at admission and 55% at discharge took ≥10 medications. The prevalence of taking ≥10 medications (polypharmacy) increased over the study period. As the number of total medications increased, the number of noncardiovascular medications increased more rapidly than the number of HF-related or non-HF cardiovascular medications.

Conclusions:
Defining polypharmacy as taking ≥10 medications might be more ideal in the HF population as most patients already take ≥5 medications. Polypharmacy is common both at admission and hospital discharge, and its prevalence is rising over time. The majority of medications taken by older adults with HF are noncardiovascular medications. There is a need to develop strategies that can mitigate the negative effects of polypharmacy among older adults with HF.
Eudaimonia as Fundamentally Good
Authors: LeBar Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the ethical theories of the ancient Greeks, eudaimonia provided a grounding for the value of all other goods. But a puzzle for such views is that some things are good for us irrespective of the intervention of eudaimonia and its requirement of virtuous activity. In this article, the author considers challenges to the eudaimonist account of value on those grounds pressed by Nicholas Wolterstorff and Sophie Grace Chappell. The aim is ethical-theoretical, rather than historical. The author defends the thesis that a form of eudaimonism that is largely Aristotelian in form and content can meet these challenges.
Obesity is Not Associated With Need for Skin Grafting After Hidradenitis Excision
Authors: Colosimo Christina , Yon James R. , Fredericks Charles , Kingsley Samuel , Gupta Sameer , Mentzer Caleb J. , Bokhari Faran , Poulakidas Stathis 
Published: October 2020

Introduction Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating disease associated with inflammation, recurrent abscesses, and fistulae of skin containing apocrine sweat glands. We hypothesize that the need for skin grafting after vacuum-assisted closure was decreased with increasing body mass index (BMI). Methods Seventy-one consecutive patients with excisions for HS were retrospectively evaluated for demographic data, number of excisions, the total area of excised skin, need for skin grafting, and BMI. Patients were stratified for BMI and underwent logistic regression to compare all other variables. Results Average for BMI was 30.8 ± 7.72, age was 36.89 ±13.52, area excised was 743 cm2 ± 774 cm2, mean operating room trips were 2.62 ± 1.59, and skin grafting was 0.52 ± 0.55. Patients were 60% male. Forty out of 71 patients were obese. There was no correlation between age, BMI, sex, thenumber of excisions, amount of skin excised, or need for a skin graft. There was a statistically significant relationship between the amount of skin excised and the need for skin grafting ( P = .006). Conclusions The amount of skin affected by HS appears to be independent of patient BMI. The need for skin grafting is solely dependent upon the amount of tissue excised. Applicability of research to practice This knowledge will help preoperative planning for all patients with HS, regardless of BMI.
The Effect of Infrastructure and Logistics Performance on Economic Performance: The Mediation Role of International Trade
Authors: Yeo Alassane D. , Deng Aimin , Nadiedjoa Todine Y. 
Published: October 2020

This paper evaluates the effect of infrastructure and logistics performance on economic performance. In addition, the mediating role of international trade on the relationship between infrastructure and economic performance, and logistics performance and economic performance, respectively. Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) was proposed as a Component-Based Approach to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test several hypotheses regarding the interaction of the latent variable. Furthermore, the mediation analysis using regression was performed. Based on data from middle income selected countries, the hypothesis about the mediation role of international trade was partially supported. Our results also suggest that infrastructure and logistics performance improvements may enhance middle-income countries sustainable growth with increasing international trade volume. JEL: F43, L90, P33
Limited Capacity of Railways for Coal Transportation in India: Evidence from ArcGIS-based Load Flow Study
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Kozyreva Ekaterina , Chistyakov Pavel , Lavrinenko Petr , Smirnov Igor 
Published: October 2020

How much coal will India need to transport in future and is the rail network poised to handle that requirement are two important questions for the emerging economy. To find answers to these questions, this study creates a distribution model of coal freight traffic on Indian Railways, analyzing the sufficiency of infrastructure for future economic needs. Using data on spatial distribution of coal mines, coal traffic volumes and rail sectional capacities, this study creates sectional capacity maps as main visual tool for analysis. Sections with bottlenecks are identified for next ten years’ coal transport need of the country. The simulation done in this study finds 15% under-delivery for the 900mT coal demand in the country by 2030 due to transport bottlenecks. Based on this analysis, the article presents the conclusions on possible influence of existing conditions of coal transportation on India’s economy in the long-term period and also considers the role of dedicated freight. JEL Codes: E17, L92, L98, R41, R42
Performance of the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay in the rapid diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis using bronchial washing fluid
Authors: Song Yan-Hua , Li Qiang , Ma Li-Ping , Liu Rong-Mei , Jiang Guang-Lu , Li Qi , Gao Meng-Qiu 
Published: October 2020

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of the Xpert® MTB/RIF (GeneXpert) assay for tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) using bronchial washing fluid (BWF). Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients suspected of having TBTB and patients with non-TB pulmonary disease as controls. BWF were used to undertake acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smears, the GeneXpert assay and the Lӧwenstein–Jensen (LJ) culture method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were compared among BWF AFB smears, BWF GeneXpert and the BWF LJ culture method. Results A total of 130 patients with TBTB and 102 patients with non-TB pulmonary disease were enrolled in the study. Sputum AFB smears were positive in 62 of 130 patients (47.7%) with TBTB. Using the clinical diagnosis of TBTB as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the three methods using BWF were as follows: 93.1%, 99.0%, 99.2% and 91.8% for BWF GeneXpert; 73.1%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 74.5% for BWF LJ cultures; 53.8%, 99.0%, 98.6% and 62.7% for BWF AFB smears. The diagnostic yield of BWF GeneXpert was significantly higher compared with BWF cultures for type III and IV TBTB. Conclusion The Xpert® MTB/RIF assay using BWF exhibited higher sensitivity than bacteriological diagnostic methods and was particularly useful for the early diagnosis of smear-negative TBTB.
Comparison of two different shapes of stylets for intubation with the McGrath MAC® video laryngoscope: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lim Hyunyoung , Cha Yun-Byeong , Ryu Kyoung-Ho , Lee Sung Hyun , Cho Eun-Ah 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study was performed to compare two different shapes of stylets, 60° and J-shaped stylets, for intubation using the McGrath MAC® video laryngoscope (MVL). Methods Two hundred twenty-two patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to Group J (n = 111) or Group 60° (n = 111) and intubated using the MVL with the stylet bent into the allocated shape. The time to intubation (TTI) and other intubating profiles were compared between the groups. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between factors related to difficult intubation and TTI. Results The TTI was not different between the two groups. There were also no differences in the intubating profiles between the two groups. In both groups, the TTI was longer with a modified Mallampati score (mMS) of ≥3 and percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score of <50. In Group J, the TTI was longer with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Conclusion The TTI during tracheal intubation with the MVL was not different between the two groups. The TTI was longer with an mMS of ≥3 and POGO score of <50. In Group J, the TTI was longer with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2.
Managing daily life among people with advanced cancer living at home: Responding to uncertainties related to shifting abilities, home care, and treatment
Authors: Maersk Jesper Larsen , Cutchin Malcolm P , Cour Karen la 
Published: October 2020

Introduction People with advanced cancer are increasingly expected to live at home and manage the consequences of illness and treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore how people with advanced cancer manage the influence of home care and treatment on occupations and habits. Method Constructivist grounded theory guided the collection and analysis of data from 22 people with advanced cancer. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and participant diaries. Findings Uncertainty about abilities to engage in occupation and home care and treatment delivery disrupted participants’ daily life. Participants employed various strategies to manage uncertainties and to preserve a sense of agency and control. Conclusions This study provides insights into how people with advanced cancer manage and respond to the impact of illness, home care, and treatment in their daily life. The findings may aid occupational therapists to develop and deliver interventions that allow their patients to maintain a sense of agency in their daily life.
Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use Among US Adults by Sociodemographic Factors: Results From 3 Nationally Representative Surveys
Authors: Hirschtick Jana L. , Mattingly Delvon T. , Cho Beomyoung , Arciniega Luis Zavala , Levy David T. , Sanchez-Romero Luz Maria , Jeon Jihyoun , Land Stephanie R. , Mistry Ritesh , Meza Rafael , Fleischer Nancy L. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To provide tobacco product use patterns for US adults by sociodemographic group. Design: A secondary analysis of Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (2014-15), National Health Interview Survey (2015), and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2015-16). Setting: United States. Sample: Three nationally representative samples of adults (N = 28,070-155,067). Measures: All possible combinations of cigarette, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), other combustible product, and smokeless tobacco use, defined as current use every day or some days. Analysis: Weighted population prevalence and proportion among tobacco users of exclusive, dual, and polyuse patterns by sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and age. Results: Exclusive cigarette use was the most prevalent pattern (10.9-12.8% of US population). Dual and polyuse were less prevalent at the population level (2.6-5.2% and 0.3-1.3%, respectively) but represented 16.7-25.5% of product use among tobacco users. Cigarette plus ENDS use was similar by sex, but men were more likely to be dual users of cigarettes plus other combustibles or smokeless tobacco. Among race/ethnic subgroups, non-Hispanic (NH) Whites were most likely to use cigarettes plus ENDS, while NH Blacks were most likely to use cigarettes plus other combustibles. Dual and polyuse were generally less common among adults with higher education, income, and age. Conclusion: Differences in product use patterns by sociodemographic group likely represent different risk profiles with important implications for resulting health disparities.
Comparison of Corresponding Scores From the Cleft Hearing Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) and CLEFT-Q in Swedish Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Stiernman Mia , Klintö Kristina , Persson Martin , Becker Magnus 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to compare corresponding scores between 2 existing cleft-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)—Cleft Hearing Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) and CLEFT-Q. The second aim of the study was to investigate patient opinion on the 2 PROMs. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study. Setting: Participants were recruited from a University Hospital. They answered CHASQ and CLEFT-Q either in the hospital or at home. Participants: Thirty-three participants with cleft lip and/or palate, aged 10 to 19 years. Main Outcome Measure: CHASQ and CLEFT-Q. Results: The CHASQ scores and the corresponding CLEFT-Q scores on appearance correlated significantly. Corresponding scores regarding speech did not correlate significantly. A majority, 15 (58%) participants, answered that they liked CLEFT-Q more than CHASQ, 18 participants (69%) thought CHASQ was easier to complete, and 19 (76%) thought CLEFT-Q would better inform health care professionals. Conclusion: Both instruments showed strengths and limitations. Clinicians will have to consider each instrument’s respective qualities when choosing to implement either PROM.
Efficacy of Methocarbamol for Acute Pain Management in Young Adults With Traumatic Rib Fractures
Authors: Deloney Lindsay P. , Smith Condeni Melanie , Carter Cassandra , Privette Alicia , Leon Stuart , Eriksson Evert A. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Rib fractures account for more than one-third of blunt thoracic injuries and are associated with serious complications. Use of nonopioid adjunctive agents such as methocarbamol for pain control has increased considerably. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of methocarbamol addition to the pain control regimen on daily opioid requirements for young adults with rib fractures. Methods: This observational, retrospective study included patients aged 18 to 39 years with 3 or more rib fractures who were admitted to a level 1 trauma center between July 2014 and July 2018. Patients were dichotomized based on admission before and after methocarbamol addition to the institutional rib fracture protocol. The primary outcome was to determine the impact of methocarbamol on daily opioid requirements. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS) and diagnosis of pneumonia. Results: A total of 50 patients were included, with 22 and 28 patients in the preprotocol and postprotocol groups, respectively. All patients in the latter group received methocarbamol, whereas no patient in the preprotocol group received methocarbamol. Cumulative opioid exposure was significantly less for patients admitted after methocarbamol addition to the protocol (219 vs 337 mg oral morphine equivalents; P = 0.01), and hospital LOS was also decreased (4 vs 3 days; P = 0.03). No significant differences in the incidence of pneumonia or adverse effects were observed. Conclusion and Relevance: This is the first study to evaluate the impact of methocarbamol on reducing opioid requirements. Given the risks associated with opioids, use of methocarbamol as an analgesia-optimizing, opioid-sparing multimodal agent may be reasonable.
Social and Economic Costs of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Across the Lifespan
Authors: Sciberras Emma , Streatfeild Jared , Ceccato Tristan , Pezzullo Lynne , Scott James G. , Middeldorp Christel M. , Hutchins Paul , Paterson Roger , Bellgrove Mark A. , Coghill David 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To determine the financial and non-financial costs of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) across the lifespan. Method: The population costs of ADHD in Australia were estimated for the financial year 2018 to 2019 using a prevalence approach to cost estimation across all ages. Financial (healthcare, productivity, education and justice systems, and deadweight losses) and non-financial costs were measured (Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)). Results: The total social and economic cost of ADHD in 2018 to 2019 were US$12.76 billion (range US$8.40 billion to US$17.44 billion, with per person costs of US$15,664 per year). Productivity costs made up 81% of the total financial costs, followed by deadweight losses (11%), and health system costs (4%). Loss in terms of wellbeing was significant (US$5.31 billion). Conclusion: There is a need to raise public awareness of the considerable socioeconomic impact and burden of ADHD in order to drive investment and policy decisions that improve identification and treatment of ADHD.