bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Solution Processed Pure α‐Phase Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells for Scalable Production in Ambient Condition
Authors: Yang Fu , Dong Lirong , Jang Dongju , Tam Kai Cheong , Zhang Kaicheng , Li Ning , Guo Fei , Li Cong , Arrive Charline , Bertrand Mélanie , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractManufacturing commercially viable perovskite solar cells still requires appropriate low‐temperature and scalable deposition processes to be developed. While α‐phase FAPbI3 has higher thermal stability and broader absorption than MAPbI3, there still is no report of a pure α‐phase FAPbI3 perovskite film obtained by a scalable printing method. Moreover, spontaneous conversion of the α‐phase to non‐perovskite δ‐phase under ambient conditions poses a serious challenge for practical applications. Herein, a scalable and fully solution based printing method for the fabrication of pure α‐phase FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells is reported. Through adding N‐methyl pyrrolidone and methylammonium chloride to the dimethylformamide based precursor solution to control the crystallization, and vacuum or air‐flow assisted film drying, pure α‐FAPbI3 phase is obtained by doctor blading. The resulting α‐FAPbI3 film is highly stable, with no δ‐FAPbI3 phase being formed even after keeping it in an ambient atmosphere over a period of 200 days without encapsulation. In addition, a fully solution processed PSC with a PCE of 16.1% is processed by the vacuum assisted method, and 17.8% by the air‐flow assisted method. Replacing silver with a printed carbon electrode provides a stable PCE up to 15% for the vacuum assisted and 16.4% for the air‐flow assisted method, which is the highest performance of FAPbI3 solar cells to date. Compared with MAPbI3, the fully printed FAPbI3 perovskite devices exhibit a remarkable thermal stability in humid atmospheres which makes them a promising candidate for scalable production and commercialization.
The Electronic Structure of MAPI‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Detailed Band Diagram Determination by Photoemission Spectroscopy Comparing Classical and Inverted Device Stacks
Authors: Hellmann Tim , Das Chittaranjan , Abzieher Tobias , Schwenzer Jonas A. , Wussler Michael , Dachauer Ralph , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Jaegermann Wolfram , Mayer Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh power conversion efficiency (PCE) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rely on optimal alignment of the energy bands between the perovskite absorber and the adjacent charge extraction layers. However, since most of the materials and devices of high performance are prepared by solution‐based techniques, a deposition of films with thicknesses of a few nanometers and therefore a detailed analysis of surface and interface properties remains difficult. To identify the respective photoactive interfaces, photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are performed on device stacks of methylammonium‐lead‐iodide (MAPI)‐based PSCs in classical and inverted architectures in the dark and under illumination at open‐circuit conditions. The analysis shows that vacuum‐deposited MAPI perovskite absorber layers are n‐type, independent of the architecture and of the charge transport layer that it is deposited on (n‐type SnO2 or p‐type NiOx). It is found that the majority of the photovoltage is formed at the n‐MAPI/p‐HEL (hole extraction layer) junction for both architectures, highlighting the importance of this interface for further improvement of the photovoltage and therefore also the PCE. Finally, an experimentally derived band diagram of the completed devices for the dark and the illuminated case is presented.
Reversible (De)Intercalation of Hydrated Zn2+ in Mg2+‐Stabilized V2O5 Nanobelts with High Areal Capacity
Authors: Wang Na , Sun Congli , Liao Xiaobing , Yuan Yifei , Cheng Hongwei , Sun Qiangchao , Wang Bingliang , Pan Xuelei , Zhao Kangning , Xu Qian , Lu Xionggang , Lu Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rechargeable aqueous zinc ion battery (ZIB) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage applications due to its low‐cost and eco‐friendly properties. However, the development of a suitable cathode operating with high areal capacity and uncovering the relevant reaction mechanisms remain challenging. Herein, the application of Mg0.26V2O5·0.73H2O (MVO) nanobelts as a ZIB cathode is demonstrated. In situ FT‐IR reveals the shift of OH stretching from 3350 cm−1 to 3200 cm−1, corresponding to the hydration shell of Zn2+, while in situ Raman suggests the interlayer charges creening effect, which would boost the intercalation of hydrated Zn2+. Density function theory reveals that the hydrated Zn2+ can lower the Coulombic repulsion at the electrode‐electrolyte interface and circumvents the desolvation penalty of hydrated Zn2+ during the (de)intercalation process. Additionally, excellent structure stability and large interlayer spacing guarantee the highly reversible (de)intercalation of hydrated Zn2+. Therefore, the MVO nanobelts exhibit a high areal capacity of 2.12 mAh cm−2 at 0.05 A g−1, outstanding cycling stability of 2500 cycles at 10 A g−1 with a mass loading of 5 mg cm−2. It is believed that the use of hydrated intercalation charge carriers will boost further studies in other multivalent rechargeable batteries.
Boosting the Optimization of Lithium Metal Batteries by Molecular Dynamics Simulations: A Perspective
Authors: Sun Yawen , Yang Tingzhou , Ji Haoqing , Zhou Jinqiu , Wang Zhenkang , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Li metal battery is attracting more and more attention in the field of electric vehicles because of its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. But its inherent disadvantages including uncontrolled lithium dendrites, high chemical activity, and large volume changes hold back the large‐scale application of stable Li metal anodes. Recently, various computational studies have been used to facilitate the rationalization of experimental observed phenomenon. In this review, the progress of molecular dynamics simulations in Li metal batteries is highlighted. Molecular dynamics simulations can predict how selected atoms in different systems of Li metal battery will move over time based on a general model of the physics governing interatomic interactions. The analysis of the transport structure of Li ions, the electrochemical process at electronic, atomic, or molecular level, the Li+ transport mechanism, and the Li deposition behavior are described in detail. Some suggestions are also made about the further potential of molecular dynamics simulations do in Li metal batteries are also made.
Macroscopic Displacement Reaction of Copper Sulfide in Lithium Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Santhosha Aggunda L. , Nazer Nazia , Koerver Raimund , Randau Simon , Richter Felix H. , Weber Dominik A. , Kulisch Joern , Adermann Torben , Janek Jürgen , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCopper sulfide (CuS) is an attractive electrode material for batteries, thanks to its intrinsic mixed conductivity, ductility and high theoretical specific capacity of 560 mAh g−1. Here, CuS is studied as cathode material in lithium solid‐state batteries with an areal loading of 8.9 mg cm−2 that theoretically corresponds to 4.9 mAh cm−2. The configuration of the cell is LiLi3PS4[CuS (70 wt%) + Li3PS4 (30 wt%)]. No conductive additive is used. CuS undergoes a displacement reaction with lithium, leading to macroscopic phase separation between the discharge products Cu and Li2S. In particular, Cu forms a network of micrometer‐sized, well‐crystallized particles that seems to percolate through the electrode. The formed copper is visible to the naked eye. The initial specific discharge capacity at 0.1 C is 498 mAh g(CuS)−1, i.e., 84% of its theoretical value. The initial Coulomb efficiency (ICE) reaches 95%, which is higher compared to standard carbonate‐based liquid electrolytes for the same cell chemistry (≈70%). After 100 cycles, the specific capacity reaches 310 mAh g(CuS)−1. With the current composition, the cell provides 58.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 7 W kg−1, which is superior compared to other transition metal sulfide cathodes.
Challenges in Recruiting U.S. Farmers for Policy‐Relevant Economic Field Experiments
Authors: Weigel Collin , Paul Laura A. , Ferraro Paul J. , Messer Kent D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo develop evidence‐based agricultural policies, researchers increasingly use insights from economic field experiments. These insights are often limited by the challenges of recruiting large and representative samples of farmers. To improve the effectiveness and cost efficiency of farmer recruitment, researchers should apply the same experimental methods to the recruitment process that they apply to their main research questions. Here we experimentally evaluate ten recruiting strategies in two large‐scale, high stakes experiments. We find that monetary incentives and reminders are effective, but costly. Costless strategies, such as prominently citing a well‐known institution as the sponsor, had positive but small, effects on recruitment.
Effect of highly effective modulator therapy on quality of life in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: DiMango Emily , Spielman Daniel B. , Overdevest Jonathan , Keating Claire , Francis Sarah Fracasso , Dansky David , Gudis David A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundElexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor is a highly effective modulator that improves function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, resulting in improved pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We hypothesize that improvements in lung function are associated with improvements in health‐related quality of life and sinonasal health. The aim of this study is to measure the effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on patient‐reported sinonasal and overall quality of life, and to determine the relationship between changes in these 2 outcome measures.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted at an accredited adult CF care center. Participants completed the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire–Revised (CFQ‐R), a validated patient‐reported outcome metric for CF patients, at baseline and at 3 months after initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor.ResultsForty‐three individuals completed the study. There was significant improvement in nearly all domains of the SNOT‐22 and CFQ‐R after 3 months of therapy. SNOT‐22 improved from 34.8 to 24.4 (p = 0.000003). Mean baseline FEV‐1 improved from 65% to 76% predicted (p = 0.0000005). The greatest effect was seen in those participants previously taking modulator therapy. Linear regression between the change in SNOT‐22 individual domains and the CFQ‐R respiratory domain revealed the strongest correlation between the extranasal domain score and the respiratory domain of the CFQ‐R (R2 = 0.24).ConclusionCF patients taking elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor experience a significant improvement in both sinonasal and health‐related quality of life.
Plasticization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) with triethyl citrate: Thermal and mechanical properties, morphology, and kinetics of crystallization
Authors: Umemura Rodrigo T. , Felisberti Maria Isabel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), is one important biopolymer and a promising alternative to petroleum‐based plastics. In this article, formulations of PHB and triethyl citrate (TEC) as plasticizer were prepared by melt extrusion. The effect of TEC on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of PHB was investigated by tensile tests, impact resistance, dynamic‐mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. TEC acted as an efficient plasticizer for PHB, imparting gradual changes in the properties as the mass fraction of TEC increased. A reduction in the elastic modulus, an increase in the intensity of β relaxation indicated a higher capacity of mechanical energy dissipation for the formulations containing higher mass fractions of TEC. TEC reduced its glass transition and melting temperatures, contributing to the increase of the processing window of the temperature and minimizing thermal degradation of PHB. TEC had a strong influence on the kinetics of crystallization, the morphology of the spherulites, and the crystalline structural parameters, such as long period, crystalline lamella, and interlamellar amorphous region thicknesses. Our study clarifies how the morphology of the PHB crystalline phase evolves in the presence of the plasticizer and with the time of crystallization.
Sequential detection of parameter changes in dynamic conditional correlation models
Authors: Pape Katharina , Galeano Pedro , Wied Dominik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA multivariate monitoring procedure is presented to detect changes in the parameter vector of the dynamic conditional correlation model. The procedure can be used to detect changes in both the conditional and unconditional variances as well as in the correlation structure of the model. The detector is based on the contributions of individual observations to the gradient of the quasi‐log‐likelihood function. More precisely, standardized derivatives of quasi‐log‐likelihood contributions at time points in the monitoring period are evaluated at parameter estimates calculated from a historical period. The null hypothesis of a constant parameter vector is rejected if these standardized terms differ too much from zero. Critical values are obtained via a parametric bootstrap‐type procedure. Size and power properties of the procedure are examined in a simulation study. Finally, the behavior of the proposed monitoring scheme is illustrated with a group of asset returns.
Metabolomics and correlation network analysis of follicular fluid reveals associations between l‐tryptophan, l‐tyrosine and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Hou Entai , Zhao Yue , Hang Jing , Qiao Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Some studies have investigated metabolic alterations in plasma and follicular fluid from PCOS patients, but they did not control for obesity or insulin resistance (IR); additionally, correlation analysis of metabolites is sparse. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to examine metabolic differences owing to the pathogenesis of PCOS, identify the hub metabolites and investigate its associations with androgens. We applied GC–MS platform coupled with a correlation network approach to analyze follicular fluid samples from 32 PCOS patients without obesity and IR and 31 healthy women. Thirty significantly altered metabolites in PCOS patients were enriched in amino acid metabolism. l‐Phenylalanine, l‐tryptophan, pyroglutamic acid, l‐tyrosine, l‐leucine and l‐valine were screened as hub metabolites in metabolic correlation network. Among them, increased l‐tryptophan and l‐tyrosine were altered hub metabolites, and they had a more significant impact on the metabolic change of PCOS. In addition, l‐tryptophan and l‐tyrosine were significantly positively associated with serum androgens levels in the PCOS. Our results suggest that disorders of amino acid metabolism, especially tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism, might play an important role in the development of PCOS in predisposed women without obesity and IR.
Long noncoding RNA TCONS_00026334 is involved in suppressing the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating miR‑548n/TP53INP1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Mingming , Luo Yang , Xu Antao , Xu Xitao , Zhong Ming , Ran Zhihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were recognized as significant therapeutic targets in tumors. Our previous microarray analysis showed that lncRNA TCONS_000026334 expression was reduced in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. The objective of this study was to research the biological functions of TCONS_000026334 and the potential mechanism during the development of CRC. TCONS_00026334 transcription levels were detected in CRC tissues from 86 patients and different CRC cell lines. The clinical prognosis factors related to TCONS_00026334 expression were then analyzed. TCONS_000026334 was overexpressed from plasmid pcDNA3.1‐TCONS_ 000026334 or knocked down using a small interfering RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, bioinformatics approach and luciferase reporter gene assays were utilized to search for candidate miRNAs of TCONS_00026334 and identify the downstream target genes. The results indicated that TCONS_00026334 expression in 86 CRC tissues was markedly lower than that in non‐cancerous tissues. The aberrant expression of TCONS_00026334 correlated negatively with larger tumor size, distant metastasis, serological carcinoembryonic antigen level, and unfavorable survival of patients with CRC. TCONS_00026334 overexpression could inhibit the aggressive phenotypes of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, TCONS_00026334 silencing accelerated CRC cell proliferation and invasion. We then verified that TCONS_00026334 upregulated the expression level of TP53INP1, a target gene of miR‐548n, via direct binding to miR‐548n as a competing endogenous RNA. Taken together, our study showed that TCONS_00026334 acts as an anti‐tumor and anti‐metastatic gene by regulating the miR548n/TP53INP1 axis in the development of CRC.
Cancer patients' experiences with medicinal cannabis–related care
Authors: Braun Ilana M. , Nayak Manan M. , Revette Anna , Wright Alexi A. , Chai Peter R. , Yusufov Miryam , Pirl William F. , Tulsky James A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about medical cannabis (MC)–related care for patients with cancer using MC.MethodsSemistructured telephone interviews were conducted in a convenience sample of individuals (n = 24) with physician‐confirmed oncologic diagnoses and state/district authorization to use MC (Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Oregon, New York, and Washington, DC) from April 2017 to March 2019. Standard qualitative techniques were used to assess the degree of MC‐related health care oversight, MC practices, and key information sources.ResultsAmong 24 participants (median age, 57 years; range, 30‐71 years; 16 women [67%]), MC certifications were typically issued by a professional new to a patient's care after a brief, perfunctory consultation. Patients disclosed MCuse to their established medical teams but received little medical advice about whether and how to use MC. Patients with cancer used MC products as multipurpose symptom management and as cancer‐directed therapy, sometimes in lieu of standard‐of‐care treatments. Personal experimentation, including methodical self‐monitoring, was an important source of MC know‐how. Absent formal advice from medical professionals, patients relied on nonmedical sources for MC information.ConclusionsPatients with cancer used MC with minimal medical oversight. Most received MC certifications through brief meetings with unfamiliar professionals. Participants desired but were often unable to access high‐quality clinical information about MC from their established medical teams. Because many patients are committed to using MC, a product sustained by a growing industry, medical providers should familiarize themselves with the existing data for MM and its limitations to address a poorly met clinical need.
Experimental Evolution of Antifungal Resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Bermas Arianne , Shapiro Rebecca S. , Geddes‐McAlister Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic yeast‐like fungal pathogen, has demonstrated resistance to all major classes of antifungals used to treat cryptococcal meningitis. However, combatting this fungal disease is an ongoing challenge among clinicians due to the evolution of antifungal‐resistant strains. The limited availability of clinically approved antifungals has heightened the urgency to investigate the molecular mechanisms underscoring resistance. Studying how a fungal pathogen evolves to an antifungal drug in vitro using experimental evolution provides a simple, yet powerful approach to study the mechanisms of antifungal resistance. Experimental evolution involves the serial passaging of microbial populations under laboratory conditions, such that adaptive mutations can occur and be monitored in real time. This technique plays a key role in investigating the mechanisms of antifungal resistance in C. neoformans, and this can help in developing novel strategies to combat the emergence of resistance. Here, we outline how to make overnight cultures of C. neoformans and how to perform experimental evolution, and we present a spectrophotometric analysis to evaluate the evolution of antifungal resistance. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Growth and sample preparation of Cryptococcus neoformansBasic Protocol 2: Experimental evolution of antifungal resistanceBasic Protocol 3: Analyzing the evolution of antifungal resistanceBasic Protocol 4: Glycerol stock preparation
Integrating anthropometric and cardiometabolic health methods in stress, early experiences, and development (SEED) science
Authors: Doom Jenalee R. , Reid Brie M. , Nagel Emily , Gahagan Sheila , Demerath Ellen W. , Lumeng Julie C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWithin Stress, Early Experiences, and Development (SEED) science, there is a growing body of research demonstrating complex associations not only between stress, development, and psychopathology, but also with chronic disease risk factors. We argue that it is important for SEED researchers to consider including child anthropometric and physical health measures to more comprehensively capture processes of risk and resilience. Broader adoption of harmonized anthropometry and health measures in SEED research will facilitate collaborations, yielding larger datasets for research in high‐risk populations, and greater opportunity to replicate existing findings. In this review, we identify optimal anthropometric and cardiometabolic health measurement methods used from infancy through adolescence, including those that are low‐burden and inexpensive. Methods covered include: waist, hip, and head circumference, height, length, weight, pubertal development, body composition, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, carotid intima media thickness, and serum measures of cardiometabolic risk and inflammation. We provide resources for SEED researchers to integrate these methods into projects or to better understand these methods when reading the literature as well as where to find collaborators for more in‐depth studies incorporating these measures. With broader integration of psychological and physical health measures in SEED research, we can better inform theory and interventions to promote health and resilience in individuals who have experienced early stress.