bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information on surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia on YouTube is highly biased and misleading
Authors: Betschart Patrick , Pratsinis Manolis , Müllhaupt Gautier , Rechner Roman , Herrmann Thomas RW , Gratzke Christian , Schmid Hans–Peter , Zumstein Valentin , Abt Dominik 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the quality of videos on the surgical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) available on YouTube, given that such video‐sharing platforms are frequently used as sources of patient information and the therapeutic landscape of LUTS/BPH has evolved substantially during recent years.Materials and MethodsA systematic search for videos on YouTube addressing treatment options for LUTS/BPH was performed in May 2019. Measures assessed included basic data (e.g. number of views), grade of misinformation and reporting of conflicts of interest. The quality of content was analysed using the validated DISCERN questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 159 videos with a median (range) of 8570 (648–2 384 391) views were included in the analysis. Only 21 videos (13.2%) were rated as containing no misinformation, 26 (16.4%) were free of commercial bias, and two (1.3%) disclosed potential conflicts of interest. According to DISCERN, the median overall quality of the videos was low (2 out of 5 points for question 16). Only four of the 15 assessed categories (bipolar and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, transurethral resection of the prostate and patient‐based search terms) were scored as having moderate median overall quality (3 points).ConclusionMost videos on the surgical treatment of LUTS/BPH on YouTube had a low quality of content, provided misinformation, were subject to commercial bias and did not report on conflicts of interest. These findings emphasize the importance of thorough doctor–patient communication and active recommendation of unbiased patient education materials.
Influence of mental stress and environmental toxins on circadian clocks: Implications for redox regulation of the heart and cardioprotection
Authors: Li Huige , Kilgallen Aoife B. , Münzel Thomas , Wolf Eva , Lecour Sandrine , Schulz Rainer , Daiber Andreas , Van Laake Linda W. 
Published: December 2019

Risk factors in the environment such as air pollution and mental stress contribute to the development of chronic non‐communicable disease. Air pollution was identified as the leading health risk factor in the physical environment, followed by water pollution, soil pollution/heavy metals/chemicals and occupational exposures, however neglecting the non‐chemical environmental health risk factors (e.g. mental stress and noise). Epidemiological data suggest that environmental risk factors are associated with higher risk for cardiovascular, metabolic and mental diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, stroke, depression and anxiety disorders. We provide an overview on the impact of the external exposome comprising risk factors/exposures on cardiovascular health with a focus on dysregulation of stress hormones, mitochondrial function, redox balance and inflammation with special emphasis on the circadian clock. Finally, we assess the impact of circadian clock dysregulation on cardiovascular health and the potential of environment‐specific preventive strategies or “chrono” therapy for cardioprotection.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
A qualitative exploration of reentry service needs: The case of fathers returning from prison
Authors: Muentner Luke , Charles Pajarita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe challenge of community and family reentry after a parent's release from prison remains an under‐addressed area of collateral damage stemming from high rates of U.S. incarceration. Many fathers released from prison return to living with family, and later attribute family connections and parent–child contact as key factors in their postrelease success. However, reentry planning is hampered by a dearth of research on family‐focused reentry services, and consequently, often omits attention to resuming family and parenting roles. To address this gap, we conducted 38 semi‐structured interviews with 19 previously incarcerated fathers, 9 co‐parenting mothers, and 10 relatives to explore service needs of fathers during reentry. Findings suggest programs not only should be multimodal, emphasizing family connections complemented by socioeconomic, self‐care, and social support services, but also should be accessible and relatable, offered within the community, and engaging for fathers and family members. Findings reinforce the importance of self‐determination and human agency while underscoring the multiple challenges fathers face upon reentry. By including the voices of those most affected by incarceration, this study advances knowledge to shape reentry programs and policies, contributes to efforts addressing criminal justice inequities, and promotes well‐being among formerly incarcerated parents and their families.
Psychological factors that determine people's willingness‐to‐share genetic data for research
Authors: Bearth Angela , Siegrist Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOf all the information that we share, health and genetic data might be among the most valuable for researchers. As data are handled as particularly sensitive information, a number of pressing issues regarding people's preferences and privacy concerns are raised. The goal of the present study was to contribute to an understanding of people's reported willingness‐to‐share genetic data for science (WTS). For this, predictive psychological factors (eg, risk and benefit perceptions, trust, knowledge) were investigated in an online survey (N = 416). Overall, participants seemed willing to provide their genetic data for research. Participants who perceived more benefits associated with data sharing were particularly willing to share their data for research (β = .29), while risk perceptions were less influential (β = −.14). As participants with higher knowledge of the potential uses of genetic data for research perceived more benefits (β = .20), WTS can likely be improved by providing people with information regarding the usefulness of genetic data for research. In addition to knowledge and perceptions, trust in data recipients increased people's willingness‐to‐share directly (β = .24). Especially in the sensitive area of genetic data, future research should strive to understand people's shifting perceptions and preferences.
Uptake of polygenic risk information among women at increased risk of breast cancer
Authors: Yanes Tatiane , Meiser Bettina , Kaur Rajneesh , Scheepers‐Joynt Maatje , McInerny Simone , Taylor Shelby , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Antill Yoland , Salmon Lucinda , Smyth Courtney , Young Mary‐Anne , James Paul A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRSs) are increasingly being implemented to assess breast cancer risk. This study aimed to assess and determine factors associated with uptake of PRS among women at increased risk of breast cancer for whom genetic testing to date had been uninformative. Participants were recruited from the Variants in Practice study from which breast cancer PRS had been calculated. Four hundred women were notified by letter of the availability of their PRS and invited to complete a self‐administered survey comprising several validated scales. Considering non‐participants, uptake of PRS was between 61.8% and 42.1%. Multivariate logistic regression identified that women were more likely to receive their PRS if they reported greater benefits (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, P = .011) and fewer barriers to receiving their PRS (OR = 0.80, P = .007), had completed higher level education (OR = 3.32, P = .004), and did not have daughters (0.29, P = .006). Uptake of breast cancer PRS varied according to several testing‐ and patient‐related factors. Knowledge of these factors will facilitate the implementation of polygenic testing in clinical practice and support informed decision making by patients.
Macroscopic and microscopic morphology and molecular profiling to distinguish heterogeneous traditional serrated adenomas of the colorectum
Authors: Chino Akiko , Kawachi Hiroshi , Takamatsu Manabu , Hatamori Hiroyuki , Ide Daisuke , Saito Shoichi , Igarashi Masahiro , Fujisaki Junko , Nagayama Satoshi 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesSerrated lesions of the colorectum often have complex histological morphology, and some groups include subtypes with different molecular biology. This study aimed to characterize serrated lesions with heterogeneous histology that was dominated by a traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) component.MethodsRepresentative lesions were selected based on both endoscopic and histological features. If a lesion had more than one component, each of the different structural parts was considered as a separate sample. DNA was extracted from 177 samples of 60 lesions and amplified to screen for BRAF and K/NRAS mutations.ResultsHeterogeneous TSA samples were classified into four categories: sessile serrated lesion with TSA (SA‐1); TSAs with microvesicular hyperplastic polyp (SA‐2); TSAs with unclassified adenoma, characterized by tubulo‐serrated histology (SA‐3); and TSAs with conventional adenomas (SA‐4). On endoscopy, SA‐1 lesions had sessile‐elevated morphology with the small reddish elevations; SA‐2 lesions had a pedunculated appearance with a whitish mucosal component at the stalk; SA‐3 lesions had a sessile‐elevated component surrounded by flat spreading margins; and SA‐4 lesions had mixed adenomatous morphology. Eighteen of the 19 category SA‐1 and ‐2 lesions (95%) had BRAF mutations, and all of the SA‐3 and ‐4 lesions had K/NRAS mutations.ConclusionsTraditional serrated adenomas were classified into two phenotypes according to their molecular characteristics: microvesicular serrated subtypes with BRAF mutations (SA‐1 and ‐2 lesions) and subtypes containing tubulo‐serrated/conventional adenoma with K/NRAS mutations (SA‐3 and ‐4 lesions). Each subtype had characteristic macroscopic and microscopic morphologies and was distinct on endoscopy.
Standard of care for social harms in HIV prevention trials: A South African perspective
Authors: Sookan Takshita , Zihindula Ganzamungu , Wassenaar Douglas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevention of HIV remains an ongoing global concern. The safety and welfare of participants in these trials are imperative. Research Ethics Committees (RECs) review all reports of serious adverse events, adverse events and social harms arising in the course of such trials. There is little guidance for RECs on how to respond appropriately to social harm reports.MethodologyThis paper reviews the literature on social harms in HIV prevention trials and offers suggestions for RECs on how to respond appropriately to such reports.ResultsThis review confirms that social harms are reported in clinical trials in South Africa and that specific guidance on managing these is minimal.ConclusionSocial harms in South African HIV prevention trials need to be more systematically researched so that ethical evidence‐based prevention, care and treatment strategies can be developed. This review makes specific suggestions for further research on social harms that can inform further consultations to develop more specific guidance for stakeholders on appropriate responses to such social harms. Such future work may also inform future versions of relevant local and international ethics guidance on HIV prevention trials.
Assessment of excess medical costs for persons with type 2 diabetes according to age groups: an analysis of German health insurance claims data
Authors: Kähm K. , Stark R. , Laxy M. , Schneider U. , Leidl R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study used a large nationwide claims data set to assess the excess medical costs of people with type 2 diabetes according to age group in 2015.MethodsData from 291 709 people with diabetes and 291 709 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were analysed. Total costs (expressed as 2015 euros) of outpatient and inpatient services, medication, rehabilitation, and the provision of aids and appliances were examined. Overall and age‐stratified excess costs of people with diabetes were estimated using gamma regression with a log‐link.ResultsOverall, the estimated total direct costs of a person with type 2 diabetes are approximately double those of a person without diabetes: €4727 vs. €2196, respectively. Absolute excess costs were approximately the same in all age groups (around €2500), however, relative excess costs of persons with diabetes were much higher in younger (~ 334% for < 50 years) than in older age groups (~ 156% for ≥ 80 years). Regional costs, both absolute and excess, partly differed from the national level.ConclusionsThis study complements and updates previous studies on the excess medical costs of people with diabetes in Germany. The results indicate the importance of preventing the development of type 2 diabetes, especially in younger age groups. Longitudinal and regional studies examining changes in prevalence and the development of excess costs in groups with different types of diabetes, and according to age, would be of interest to validate our findings and better understand the avoidable burden of having diabetes.
Population abundance gradient of Inurois punctigera along altitude
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Matsuhisa Seiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA winter geometrid moth, Inurois punctigera, shows sympatric and genetically isolated seasonal populations (i.e. early‐ and late‐winter populations) in the cold regions of Japan, whereas it shows only mid‐winter populations in the warm regions. Variation in adult flight phenology on a large geographic scale along latitudinal environmental gradients has been described, but the phenological variation on a more local scale along altitudinal environmental gradients has not yet been characterized. In the present study, we assessed the flight phenology at high‐ and low‐elevation areas in Mt. Rokko, Hyogo, Japan. First, we revealed that flight period was not disrupted in mid‐winter, even at high‐elevation areas (>660 m) but the population abundance was much lower in high‐elevation areas than in low‐elevation areas. Then, in the following two seasons, we investigated I. punctigera abundance, winter harshness (i.e. winter temperature) and their host plant abundance in nine closely located stations in Mt. Rokko. A generalized linear mixed model analysis indicated a greater effect of winter temperature on I. punctigera abundance compared to available food resources, suggesting that differences in winter harshness among elevation shapes the gradient of I. punctigera abundance along altitude. Our findings suggest that harsh conditions during winter function as selective agents on mid‐winter types of I. punctigera, and this could be involved in the divergence between sympatric early‐ and late‐winter populations of I. punctigera.
A Latent Transition Analysis of Perceived Parental Security Profiles Across 33 Months of Adolescence
Authors: Andretta James R. , Morgan Grant B. , Wells Kevin E. , McKay Michael T. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo examine associations among perceived parental security (PPS) profiles—that is, perceived communication quality with one's parents as well as feelings of trust and alienation toward them—and outcomes across 33 months of adolescence.BackgroundUsing cross‐sectional data, researchers have developed PPS profiles by categorizing adolescents based on Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment—Revised (IPPA–R) scores. Researchers have not examined the stability of PPS profiles during adolescence.MethodPPS among early adolescents (N = 2,032; Mage = 12.5; female = 50%) was assessed using IPPA–R scores, and profiles were identified using latent profile analysis. A mover–stayer, latent transition analysis was used to examine the degree to which moving between or staying within a particular PPS profile was associated with five outcomes—emotional, social, and academic self‐efficacy, sensation seeking, and subjective life expectancy—in this developmental period.ResultsAt both data collections, profiles were not strongly associated with sex. Low‐Security profiles were disproportionately represented by individuals eligible for a free school lunch. Transitions to, or remaining in, the Low‐Security profile between Wave 1 and Wave 2 were generally associated with unfavorable outcomes.ConclusionPPS profiles and transitions accounted for a parent bond construct that was strongly associated with meaningful outcomes. Therefore, person‐centered analyses of IPPA–R scores, such as latent profile and transition analyses, are preferred methods of accounting for PPS in adolescence.ImplicationsIPPA–R might be a useful tool for counselors working with adolescents, because scores point to tangible targets for intervention: (a) feelings of alienation from parents, (b) quality of communication with parents, and (c) feeling trusted by parents.
Association of dental caries morbidity stages with oral health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents
Authors: Pinheiro Sammia Anacleto de Albuquerque , Rodrigues Hermanda Barbosa , Santos Jhonatan Thiago Lacerda , Granja Gélica Lima , Lussi Adrian , Leal Soraya Coelho , Diniz Michele Baffi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDental caries morbidity stages and their impact on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) have not yet been established.AimTo compare the association of dental caries morbidity stages with OHRQoL in children and adolescents from public schools of Patos‐PB, Brazil.DesignA cross‐sectional study was performed on 461 students at 8‐10 years and 454 at 11‐14 years. Caries was evaluated by Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument. The maximum CAST code per individual was registered. OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaires for children (CPQ8‐10) and adolescents (CPQ11‐14).ResultsMorbidity stage was the most prevalent caries condition in children (40.8%) and adolescents (38.1%). Factors associated with higher CPQ8‐10 scores in the multivariate regression analysis after adjustments were age [9 years, prevalence ratio (PR): 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06‐1.45; and 10 years, PR: 1.32, CI: 1.13‐1.55] and dental caries status [morbidity, PR: 1.23, CI: 1.03‐1.48; and severe morbidity, PR: 1.30, CI: 1.04‐1.61]. The factor associated with higher CPQ11‐14 scores was dental caries status [morbidity, PR: 1.20, CI: 1.00‐1.44].ConclusionsThe OHRQoL of children was negatively associated with morbidity and severe morbidity stages of dental caries, while for adolescents, only morbidity had a negative association with their OHRQoL.
Quality of health care according to people with Down syndrome, their parents and support staff—A qualitative exploration
Authors: van den Driessen Mareeuw Francine A. , Coppus Antonia M. W. , Delnoij Diana M. J. , de Vries Esther 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeople with Down syndrome (PDS) have complex healthcare needs. Little is known about the quality of health care for PDS, let alone how it is appraised by PDS and their caregivers. This study explores the perspectives of PDS, their parents and support staff regarding quality in health care for PDS.MethodThe present authors conducted semi‐structured interviews with 18 PDS and 15 parents, and focus groups with 35 support staff members (of PDS residing in assisted living facilities) in the Netherlands.ResultsAccording to the participants, healthcare quality entails well‐coordinated health care aligned with other support and care systems, a person‐centred and holistic approach, including respect, trust and provider–patient communication adapted to the abilities of PDS.ConclusionsOur findings may be used to improve health care for PDS, and provide insight into how health care could match the specific needs of PDS.
21st‐century competences: The relation of ICT competences with higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences in university students
Authors: Almerich Gonzalo , Suárez‐Rodríguez Jesús , Díaz‐García Isabel , Cebrián‐Cifuentes Sara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Knowledge Society, along with the non‐stop growing technological evolution, entails university students acquiring new competences for them to be successful in society. These are called 21st‐century competences that come as high‐skill competences – higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences – and information and communication technologies (ICT) competences – technological, pedagogical and ethical. This study aims to determine the link between ICT competences and high‐skill competences. A correlational study was conducted whose sample was formed by 983 students studying degrees at the Universidad de Valencia (Spain), selected by non‐probabilistic incidental sampling and collecting information with two questionnaires. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant relation between ICT competences with the other two considered sets: higher‐order thinking capacities and teamwork competences. Moreover, pedagogical competences are more related with the two high‐skill competence sets. This suggests the need for training plans that favour learning 21st‐century competences and for stressing pedagogical competences in ICT.
Metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized 13C‐pyruvate to assess sensitivity to the B‐Raf inhibitor vemurafenib in melanoma cells and xenografts
Authors: Acciardo Stefania , Mignion Lionel , Lacomblez Estelle , Schoonjans Céline , Joudiou Nicolas , Gourgue Florian , Bouzin Caroline , Baurain Jean‐François , Gallez Bernard , Jordan Bénédicte F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNearly all melanoma patients with a BRAF‐activating mutation will develop resistance after an initial clinical benefit from BRAF inhibition (BRAFi). The aim of this work is to evaluate whether metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized (HP) 13C pyruvate can serve as a metabolic marker of early response to BRAFi in melanoma, by exploiting the metabolic effects of BRAFi. Mice bearing human melanoma xenografts were treated with the BRAFi vemurafenib or vehicle. In vivo HP 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed at baseline and 24 hours after treatment to evaluate changes in pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion. Oxygen partial pressure was measured via electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry. Ex vivo qRT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and WB analysis were performed on tumour samples collected at the same time‐points selected for in vivo experiments. Similar approaches were applied to evaluate the effect of BRAFi on sensitive and resistant melanoma cells in vitro, excluding the role of tumour microenvironment. BRAF inhibition induced a significant increase in the HP pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion in vivo, followed by a reduction of hypoxia. Conversely, the conversion was inhibited in vitro, which was consistent with BRAFi‐mediated impairment of glycolysis. The paradoxical increase of pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion in vivo suggests that such conversion is highly influenced by the tumour microenvironment.