bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic revision efficacy after clinically successful bilateral metal stenting for advanced malignant hilar obstruction
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Jang Sung Ill , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Yang Jae Kook , Park Jin‐Seok , Jeong Seok , Lee Don Haeng , Heo Nam Hun , Park Sang‐Heum , Lee Dong Ki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgrounds and AimMultiple insertions of self‐expandable metal stents (SEMS) for advanced malignant hilar obstruction (MHO) are now considered to be an effective palliative method for adequate drainage of liver volume. However, the efficacy of endoscopic reintervention in technically and clinically successful bilateral SEMS is limited. This study investigated the endoscopic revision efficacy in patients who underwent bilateral SEMS in MHO.MethodsPrimary endoscopic revision using plastic or metal stents or an alternative percutaneous approach followed by secondary endoscopic revision was performed in patients who underwent clinically successful deployment of bilateral SEMS. The primary outcome was a technical success. Secondary outcomes were clinical success, adverse events, and patency duration after reintervention.ResultsA total of 55 patients (83.3%) out of 66 enrolled patients underwent reintervention: primary endoscopic reintervention (n = 47) and secondary endoscopic revision following percutaneous drainage (n = 8). Intended technical success rates of primary and secondary endoscopic reintervention were 93.6% (44/47) and 87.5% (7/8), respectively (P = 0.47). Clinical success rates were 72.3% and 50%, respectively (P = 0.23). Stent malfunction rate after reintervention was 48.9% (23/47) and 37.5% (3/8) (P = 0.70) during follow up, and median cumulative stent patency duration was 119 and 55 days, respectively (log–rank P = 0.68). Stent patent rate after reintervention was not different according to the time interval. In univariate and multivariate analysis for stent patency duration‐related factors after reintervention, there were no meaningful factors.ConclusionPrimary endoscopic reintervention for bilateral SEMS in MHO was feasible technically and clinically. However, there were no statistically meaningful factors for stent patency duration after reintervention.
Handgrip Strength Asymmetry and Weakness Are Associated with Lower Cognitive Function: A Panel Study
Authors: McGrath Ryan , Cawthon Peggy M. , Cesari Matteo , Al Snih Soham , Clark Brian C. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESExamining handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry and weakness together may extend the predictive capacity of HGS for capturing possible health problems such as cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of HGS asymmetry and weakness on lower cognitive functioning in a national sample of aging Americans.DESIGNLongitudinal panel.SETTINGParticipant residences.PARTICIPANTSThe analytic sample included 17,163 Americans aged 65.0 years (standard deviation = 10.1 years) who participated in the 2006 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).MEASUREMENTSA handgrip dynamometer was used to measure HGS; weakness was defined as HGS below 26 kg (men) or below 16 kg (women). Persons with HGS above 10% stronger on either hand were considered as having any HGS asymmetry. Those with HGS that was more than 10% stronger on their dominant or nondominant hand were considered as having dominant or nondominant HGS asymmetry, respectively. The Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status determined lower cognitive functioning (≤11 for ages 50‐64 years; ≤10 for ages ≥65 years). Covariate‐adjusted linear mixed‐effects models analyzed the associations of each HGS asymmetry and weakness group on lower cognitive functioning.RESULTSRelative to those with symmetric HGS and no weakness, each HGS asymmetry and weakness group had greater odds for lower cognitive functioning: 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03‐1.27) for any HGS asymmetry alone, 1.64 (95% CI = 1.21‐2.23) for weakness alone, and 1.95 (95% CI = 1.51‐2.53) for any HGS asymmetry and weakness. Each HGS asymmetry dominance and weakness group also had greater odds for lower cognitive functioning: 1.12 (95% CI = 1.01‐1.25) for asymmetric dominant HGS alone, 1.27 (95% CI = 1.05‐1.53) for asymmetric nondominant HGS alone, 1.64 (95% CI = 1.21‐2.23) for weakness alone, 1.89 (95% CI = 1.39‐2.57) for weakness and asymmetric dominant HGS, and 2.10 (95% CI = 1.37‐3.20) for weakness and asymmetric nondominant HGS.ConclusionThe presence of both HGS asymmetry and weakness may predict accelerated declines in cognitive functioning.
Treatment of atrophic acne scars with combination therapy of chemical reconstruction of skin scars method and fractionated nonablative laser: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Bahl Aanchal , O'Connor Kelly , Chung Hye Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acne scarring often have several types of acne scars, and combination therapies have demonstrated superior success to single treatment modalities. Chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) has gained popularity as the treatment for ice‐pick scars and fractionated laser therapy for rolling and boxcar scars. However, no study has looked at combination therapy with CROSS and fractionated nonablative laser for the treatment of atrophic acne scars.AimsWe sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with CROSS and fractionated nonablative laser for atrophic acne scars.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated with CROSS followed by fractionated nonablative laser treatment in the same visit for acne scars from 2016 to 2020. Treatment efficacy, defined as the percentage improvement in the appearance of acne scars, was assessed using a 5‐point scale: score 0 (worsening or 0% improvement), 1 (1% ‐ 25%), 2 (26% ‐ 50%), 3 (51%‐75%), and 4 (76%‐100%).ResultsTwenty‐five patients (14 females and 11 males, Fitzpatrick Skin Type II –V) were enrolled. The average improvement score was 2.07 after 3 sessions and 2.78 after 5 sessions. All subjects reported satisfaction, while 24% were very satisfied. There were no permanent adverse effects, and only one patient developed a temporary hypertrophic scar.ConclusionWe concluded that combination therapy with CROSS and fractionated nonablative laser in the same visit is an effective and safe treatment option for atrophic acne scars in patients with various skin types, including skin of color.
Public health nurse referrals for paediatric weight management: A nested mixed‐methods study
Authors: Nguyen Nam Hoang , Kebbe Maryam , Peng Chenhui , Van Hulst Andraea , Ball Geoff Denis Charles 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo (a) characterise and determine proportions of referred and enrolled children and (b) explore public health nurses’ (PHNs) experiences, perspectives and recommendations regarding a new nurse‐led referral pathway for paediatric weight management.BackgroundChildren with obesity and their families in Canada access specialised services for obesity management through physician referral. Since this requirement can prevent timely access to health services, we established and tested a referral pathway whereby PHNs directly refer children to specialised care for obesity management.DesignNested mixed‐methods study reported using GRAMMS.MethodOur research study included children (2–17 years of age; body mass index ≥85th percentile) referred by a PHN to the Pediatric Centre for Weight and Health (PCWH; Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) from April 2017–September 2018. We summarised referral and enrolment data using descriptive statistics and conducted one‐on‐one, semi‐structured telephone interviews with PHNs; interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, managed using NVivo 12 and analysed by two independent reviewers using content analysis.ResultsOur sample included 79 referred children (4.4 ± 1.8 years old; 3.4 ± 1.3 BMI z‐score; 52.7% male), of which 47 (59.5%) enrolled in care. PHNs’ (n = 11) experiences, perspectives and recommendations regarding the new referral pathway were grouped into four categories: (a) practicality of the referral pathway (e.g., simple and straightforward), (b) utility of the referral pathway (e.g., economic and timesaving), (c) uptake of the referral pathway (e.g., physician's influence) and (d) recommendations to improve the referral pathway (e.g., having electronic access to the referral form).ConclusionsA PHN‐specific referral pathway led most children and families to enrol in paediatric weight management and overall was perceived as acceptable and appropriate among PHNs.Relevance to clinical practiceOur results highlight the valuable role that PHNs can play in directly referring children to specialised services for weight management. This pathway has the potential to reduce wait times and enhance treatment enrolment.
Stress and Physical Activity in Rural Cancer Survivors: The Moderating Role of Social Support
Authors: Mama Scherezade K. , Bhuiyan Nishat , Smyth Joshua M. , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeSocial support (SS) has been shown to moderate the relationship between psychological distress and physical activity (PA) in adults, including those with no history of cancer and cancer survivors (CS). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between stress and leisure‐time PA and test if SS is a moderator of this relationship in rural CS.MethodsCS were recruited to Partnering to Prevent and Control Cancer (PPCC) and completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographics, leisure‐time PA, perceived stress, and SS. Hierarchical multivariable linear regression was used to assess the moderating role of SS on the association between stress and PA.FindingsCancer survivors (N = 219) were in their mid‐60s (M age = 64.3 ± 12.5 years) and overweight/obese (M BMI = 29.5 ± 6.8 kg/m2); over half were women (60.7%) and insufficiently active (59.4%); and 42.1% reported moderate‐to‐high perceived stress. Perceived stress was negatively correlated with PA (r = –.183, P = .044) and SS (r = –.470, P < .001), and SS was positively correlated with PA (r = .205, P = .025). However, SS did not moderate the association between stress and PA.ConclusionsRural CS reported higher stress and less PA than previously reported by urban CS, potentially contributing to rural cancer health disparities. Although previous studies have shown success in building SS to reduce stress and promote PA in CS, our results do not support the stress‐buffering hypothesis in rural cancer survivors. Further research is needed to understand factors related to PA in rural CS and determine strategies to reduce psychological distress and promote healthy behaviors in an effort to improve cancer survivorship.
Shock metamorphism in plagioclase and selective amorphization
Authors: Pittarello Lidia , Daly Luke , PickersgilL Annemarie E. , Ferrière Ludovic , Lee Martin R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlagioclase feldspar is one of the most common rock‐forming minerals on the surfaces of the Earth and other terrestrial planetary bodies, where it has been exposed to the ubiquitous process of hypervelocity impact. However, the response of plagioclase to shock metamorphism remains poorly understood. In particular, constraining the initiation and progression of shock‐induced amorphization in plagioclase (i.e., conversion to diaplectic glass) would improve our knowledge of how shock progressively deforms plagioclase. In turn, this information would enable plagioclase to be used to evaluate the shock stage of meteorites and terrestrial impactites, whenever they lack traditionally used shock indicator minerals, such as olivine and quartz. Here, we report on an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) study of shocked plagioclase grains in a metagranite shatter cone from the central uplift of the Manicouagan impact structure, Canada. Our study suggests that, in plagioclase, shock amorphization is initially localized either within pre‐existing twins or along lamellae, with similar characteristics to planar deformation features (PDFs) but that resemble twins in their periodicity. These lamellae likely represent specific crystallographic planes that undergo preferential structural failure under shock conditions. The orientation of preexisting twin sets that are preferentially amorphized and that of amorphous lamellae is likely favorable with respect to scattering of the local shock wave and corresponds to the “weakest” orientation for a specific shock pressure value. This observation supports a universal formation mechanism for PDFs in silicate minerals.
Topological surrogates for computationally efficient seismic robustness optimization of water pipe networks
Authors: Pudasaini Binaya , Shahandashti Mohsen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe criticality of seismic robustness of the water pipe networks cannot be overstated. Current methodologies for optimizing seismic robustness of city‐scale water pipe networks are scarce. A very few studies that can be found are also prone to long optimization runtimes due to the requirement of repeated hydraulic analysis. Hence, there is a critical need for the identification of computationally efficient surrogate optimization methods for maximizing seismic robustness of water pipe networks. To address this need, this research was conducted to identify, for the first time, computationally efficient topological surrogates for hydraulic simulation‐based optimization. The computational efficiency of surrogate optimization was measured in terms of solution quality (i.e., post‐earthquake serviceability) and computational runtime. Ten different topological connectivity metrics were evaluated out of which five were considered computationally infeasible due to their prohibitive optimization runtime. Five remaining metrics were then used to formulate five surrogate objective functions for seismic robustness of water pipe networks. Each of these functions was optimized using a simulated annealing‐based algorithm. Application of the proposed approach to city‐level benchmark networks helped to identify two metrics out of ten that offered a substantial reduction in optimization runtime with a minimal loss in solution quality. These findings will be highly valuable to water distribution network managers for identifying economical rehabilitation policies for enhancing the seismic robustness at a city‐scale within a reasonable amount of time.
From bench to bedside: Perspectives on the utility of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in predicting the efficacy of antifungals in invasive candidiasis
Authors: Pea Federico 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe aim of this perspective is to give an overlook on the utility of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) in predicting the efficacy of antifungals in invasive candidiasis. Overall, from the available literature it appears that bridging data of PK/PD of antifungals from the laboratory to the clinic for the treatment of invasive candidiasis are feasible only partially. Fluconazole is the only antifungal agent having the pharmacodynamic threshold of efficacy identified in experimental animal models convincingly validated in the clinical setting of invasive candidiasis as well. Conversely, for voriconazole and posaconazole data on this topic are very limited. For the echinocandins, robust PK/PD identified in the laboratory represented the rationale for defining differential clinical breakpoints of echinocandins against different species of Candida by the regulatory agencies. However, translation of the findings in the clinical setting provided conflicting results. Data on PK/PD of amphotericin B and flucytosine in models of invasive candidiasis are quite limited, and clinical studies assessing the role of drug exposure on efficacy are currently lacking. The expectation is that prospective studies could test more and more frequently the validity of experimental PK/PD data of antifungals in the clinical setting of invasive candidiasis. The findings could represent a step forward in addressing adequate antifungal stewardship programmes.
An automated sensitive approach for measuring whole gut transit time
Authors: Baker Keeley L. , Izydorczak Michelle , Jackson Ruaidhri , Verhagen Justus V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommonly used methods to measure whole gut transit time in rodents have yet to combine high sensitivity, objectivity, and automation. We have developed a novel method using oral gavage of non‐toxic fluorescent dye particles and their detection by fluorescence imaging to enable unbiased automated detection of gut transit time simultaneously in 8 cages.MethodsNaïve mice (n = 20) were gavaged with a non‐caloric viscous suspension of 4.4% fluorescent dye in 3 groups on 2 occasions. Each group was imaged in 8 cages at 5‐minute intervals using blue LEDs for illumination and a Sony full‐frame mirrorless camera with a green band‐pass emission filter. Custom MATLAB code counted the number of fluorescent boli per cage post hoc and provided graphical and spreadsheet output. Boli counts across a wide range of parameters were compared to blind assessments by an experimenter.ResultsFluorescent boli were detected with high sensitivity, while unstained boli were readily rejected. All cages showed no fluorescent boli for the first ~20 frames (100 minutes), after which many cages gradually show a rise to 1‐6 fluorescent boli. The mean time to first fluorescent bolus in each session was 264 ± 141 and 223 ± 81 minutes post‐gavage, with no within subject consistency. There was high correlation between automated scores and that of experimenter (r = .95 ± .02), being robust to parameter changes.Conclusions and InferencesThis novel approach provides a reliable, automatic, and low‐cost method of measuring gastrointestinal transit time in mice.
COVID‐19’s impact on private practice and academic dentistry in North America
Authors: Wu Kevin Y. , Wu David T. , Nguyen Thomas T. , Tran Simon D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a major public health crisis for countries around the world. In response to this global outbreak, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern. Dental professionals are especially at high risk of contracting the COVID‐19 virus due to the unique nature of dentistry, more specifically, exposure to aerosols and droplets. When it comes to dental emergencies, it was crucial to maintain urgent dental care services operational to help reduce the burden on our healthcare system and hospitals already under pressure. The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted how dentistry is practiced in North America in both the private practice and academic settings. This article shares the perspectives of dentists practicing in private practice and clinician‐researchers in academic dental institutions. More specifically, we discuss about measures implemented to minimize risks of disease transmission, challenges in emergency dental care, impact on patients, as well as impact on the professional and personal lives of the dental team during the COVID‐19 crisis.
Preemptive high‐flow nasal cannula treatment in severe bronchiolitis: Results from a high‐volume, resource‐limited pediatric emergency department
Authors: Kamit Fulya , Anil Murat , Anil Ayse Berna , Berksoy Emel , Gokalp Gamze 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to evaluate the outcomes of patients with severe bronchiolitis who received preemptive high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment according to the authors’ protocol, and to identify potential baseline characteristics that might predict patients who will not benefit from HFNC.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of patients with severe bronchiolitis, who received preemptive HFNC treatment according to the authors’ protocol and who were admitted to the pediatric emergency department between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016.ResultsEighty‐four patients in total were enrolled over the 2 year period. Twenty‐three patients (27.3%) failed HFNC. Of these, four responded to non‐invasive mechanical ventilation and 19 required subsequent invasive ventilation. According to logistic regression analysis, existence of a chronic condition, significant tachycardia, existence of dehydration, and a venous pH <7.30 at admission were found to be predictors of HFNC failure. There were no cases of pneumothorax or any other reported adverse effects related to HFNC therapy.ConclusionsPreemptive HFNC treatment, complying with a preestablished protocol, might be a safe way to support patients with severe bronchiolitis in high‐volume, resource‐limited pediatric emergency departments. The existence of a chronic condition, significant tachycardia, dehydration, and a venous pH <7.30 at admission could be risk factors for preemptive HFNC treatment failure in severe bronchiolitis.
Hybrid Coordination for Coping with the Medical Surge from the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Paired Assistance Programs in China
Authors: Hu Qian , Zhang Haibo , Kapucu Naim , Chen Wu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to public health care systems and demands intergovernmental coordination to cope with the resulting medical surge. This essay analyzes the operation of Paired Assistance Programs (PAPs) in China, offering a timely comparative case for researchers and practitioners to examine when reflecting on the classic debate over the hierarchical versus network approaches to coordination in emergency management. PAPs highlight the importance of network management and necessity of institutionalizing mechanisms of governance to facilitate coordination within multilevel response systems.
SE‐KGE: A location‐aware Knowledge Graph Embedding model for Geographic Question Answering and Spatial Semantic Lifting
Authors: Mai Gengchen , Janowicz Krzysztof , Cai Ling , Zhu Rui , Regalia Blake , Yan Bo , Shi Meilin , Lao Ni 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLearning knowledge graph (KG) embeddings is an emerging technique for a variety of downstream tasks such as summarization, link prediction, information retrieval, and question answering. However, most existing KG embedding models neglect space and, therefore, do not perform well when applied to (geo)spatial data and tasks. Most models that do consider space primarily rely on some notions of distance. These models suffer from higher computational complexity during training while still losing information beyond the relative distance between entities. In this work, we propose a location‐aware KG embedding model called SE‐KGE. It directly encodes spatial information such as point coordinates or bounding boxes of geographic entities into the KG embedding space. The resulting model is capable of handling different types of spatial reasoning. We also construct a geographic knowledge graph as well as a set of geographic query–answer pairs called DBGeo to evaluate the performance of SE‐KGE in comparison to multiple baselines. Evaluation results show that SE‐KGE outperforms these baselines on the DBGeo data set for the geographic logic query answering task. This demonstrates the effectiveness of our spatially‐explicit model and the importance of considering the scale of different geographic entities. Finally, we introduce a novel downstream task called spatial semantic lifting which links an arbitrary location in the study area to entities in the KG via some relations. Evaluation on DBGeo shows that our model outperforms the baseline by a substantial margin.