bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive band target entropy minimization: Optimization for the decomposition of spatially offset Raman spectra of bone
Authors: Churchwell John H. , Sowoidnich Kay , Chan Oliver , Goodship Allen E. , Parker Anthony W. , Matousek Pavel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report a novel variant of band target entropy minimization (BTEM), adaptive band target entropy minimization (A‐BTEM), which offers an improved ability to accurately decompose mixed spectra obtained from complex multicomponent systems. Several key challenges have existed in the application of the basic BTEM approach to decompose spatially offset Raman spectra of bone underneath soft tissues and other multilayer systems demonstrating high collinearity between the spectra of individual components; these have included instabilities, signal mixing, and spectral artefacts that have precluded the reliable use of BTEM in such situations. By using automatic factor selection, an adaptive penalty function in addition to metaheuristic optimization strategies, we demonstrate that high‐quality spectral reconstructions of underlying pure component spectra can be obtained with typical correlation coefficients >0.996. Furthermore, we ascertain the behaviour of A‐BTEM with different input datasets, both synthetic and real, displaying varying signal‐to‐noise ratio, signal composition, and numbers of spectra. We thereby identify the multifarious parameter space in the application of A‐BTEM and the quality of data required for the most accurate spectral estimates of pure component spectra.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms at 20q12 with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Southern Chinese Han cohort
Authors: He Yunpu , Huang Liheng , Zheng Yuqian , Chen Jian‐Huan , Tang Shijie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital malformation in the world. Both environment and genetics are involved with the etiology of the disease. Genome‐wide association studies have identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at chromosome 20q12 to be associated with NSCL/P. The current study aimed to explore the association of the two SNPs at 20q12 with NSCL/P and different subtypes in a Southern Chinese Han cohort.MethodsA total of 430 NSCL/P patients and 451 controls were recruited in the current study. Two SNPs including rs17820943 and rs6072081 at 20q12 were genotyped in the study cohort using Taqman SNP genotyping analysis. Chi‐Square test was used to compare allele and genotype frequencies of NSCL/P patients and control group.ResultsCase–control analysis showed that the allele and genotype of rs17820943 and rs6072081 were significantly associated with NSCL/P (p < .01). Comparison between subtypes of NSCL/P and controls showed that frequencies of the G allele and GG genotype of rs6072081 (p = 4.52 × 10−4 and p = .001 respectively), and those of the T allele and TT genotype of rs17820943 (p = 6.7 × 10−5 and p = 1.71 × 10–4 respectively) were decreased in cleft lip and palate (CLP). No significant association of the two SNPs with cleft lip only (CLO) and cleft palate only (CPO) was found (p > .05).ConclusionThese results showed that rs17820943 and rs6072081 at 20q12 were associated with NSCL/P, especially with the CLP subtype in a Southern Chinese Han cohort.
Broadband graphene‐based metasurface solar absorber
Authors: Charola Shreyas , Patel Shobhit K. , Parmar Juveriya , Ladumor Mayurkumar , Dhasarathan Vigneswaran 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe presented broadband solar absorber using graphene‐based pyramid‐shaped metasurface structure. The proposed design is analyzed for its absorption characteristics from 100 THz to 1000 THz frequency range (infrared, visible, and ultraviolet region) in term of geometrical parameters of the design. Results in term of reflectance and absorption are presented for pyramidal metasurface design and rectangular metasurface design. The results indicate that the absorption of proposed pyramid graphene‐based metasurface design is over 67.4% for 100 to 430 THz across the infrared region, 87.3% for 431 to 770 THz across the visible region and 89.3% for 770 to 1000 THz across the ultraviolet region. The proposed design provides broadband absorption response which is applicable in energy harvesting and electromagnetic shielding applications.
Prognostic Performance of NUTRIC Score in Quantifying Malnutrition Risk in the Critically Ill in Congruence With the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Authors: Al‐Kalaldeh Mahmoud , Suleiman Khaled , Al‐Kalaldeh Omar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is still no concrete guidance for assessing malnutrition risk in the critically ill. Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score is undertaken cautiously compared with other validated tools such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). This study aimed to assess the malnutrition risk in the critically ill using NUTRIC score and assess its congruency with the BIA.MethodsIn this cross‐section observational study, intensive care unit (ICU) patients from various etiologies were assessed using the earlier tools in addition to other prognostic markers (Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II] and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] scores), caloric attainment, and feeding complications.ResultsOf a total 411 assessed patients, 313 (76.2%) were enterally fed, and 318 (77.4%) were mechanically ventilated. Mean age was 60.7 years, and the median of the assessment since admission was the 12th day. Of those enterally fed patients, 57.9% attained the caloric requirements. Both APACHE II and SOFA scores were compatible in ascertaining ICU mortality at a moderate level (17.88 and 7.17, respectively). The NUTRIC score and phase angle (PA) measured by BIA revealed no differences in the malnutrition risk between patients with and without enteral nutrition. However, regression indicated that the NUTRIC score has explained only 1.1% of the variance of PA after controlling other covariates (β = −0.222, P = .009, confidence interval = −0.31 to −0.05).ConclusionsNUTRIC score has a limited prediction to the urgency of aggressive nutrition therapy within the early period of ICU admission.
Approaching ancient disease from a One Health perspective: Interdisciplinary review for the investigation of zoonotic brucellosis
Authors: Bendrey Robin , Cassidy Joseph P. , Fournié Guillaume , Merrett Deborah C. , Oakes Rebecca H. A. , Taylor G. Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractToday, brucellosis is the most common global bacterial zoonosis, bringing with it a range of significant health and economic consequences, yet it is rarely identified from the archaeological record. Detection and understanding of past zoonoses could be improved by triangulating evidence and proxies generated through different approaches. The complex socioecological systems that support zoonoses involve humans, animals, and pathogens interacting within specific environmental and cultural contexts, and as such, there is a diversity of potential datasets that can be targeted. To capture this, in this paper, we consider how to approach the study of zoonotic brucellosis in the past from a One Health perspective, one which explicitly acknowledges the health link between people, animals, and environments (both physical and cultural). One Health research is explicitly interdisciplinary and conceptually moves away from an anthropocentric approach, allowing the component parts to be considered in holistic and integrated ways to deliver more comprehensive understanding. To this end, in this paper, we review the methods, selected evidence, and potential for past brucellosis identification and understanding, focussing on osteological markers in humans and animals, historical, biomolecular, and epidemiological approaches. We also present an agenda and potential for future research.
Methyl Scanning for Mechanochemical Chalcogen‐Bonding Cascade Switches
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChalcogen‐bonding cascade switching was introduced recently to produce the chemistry tools needed to image physical forces in biological systems. In the original flipper probe, one methyl group appeared to possibly interfere with the cascade switch. In this report, this questionable methyl group is replaced by a hydrogen. The deletion of this methyl group in planarizable push‐pull probes was not trivial because it required the synthesis of dithienothiophenes with four different substituents on the four available carbons. The mechanosensitivity of the resulting demethylated flipper probe was nearly identical to that of the original. Thus methyl groups in the switching region are irrelevant for function, whereas those in the twisting region are essential. This result supports the chalcogen‐bonding cascade switching concept and, most importantly, removes significant synthetic demands from future probe development.
Label‐Free Fluorescent Kinase and Phosphatase Enzyme Assays with Supramolecular Host‐Dye Pairs
Authors: Liu Yan‐Cen , Peng Shu , Angelova Lora , Nau Werner M. , Hennig Andreas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe combination of the macrocyclic hosts p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene and cucurbit[7]uril with the fluorescent dyes lucigenin and berberine affords two label‐free enzyme assays for the detection of kinase and phosphatase activity by fluorescence monitoring. In contrast to established assays, no substrate labeling is required. Since phosphorylation is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms in biological signal transduction, the assays should be useful for identification of inhibitors and activators in high‐throughput screening (HTS) format for drug discovery.
Stigmatizing weight experiences in health care: Associations with BMI and eating behaviours
Authors: Remmert Jocelyn E. , Convertino Alexandra D. , Roberts Savannah R. , Godfrey Kathryn M. , Butryn Meghan L. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIntroductionIndividuals with overweight or obesity often experience stigmatizing weight‐related interactions in health care, though how these experiences are associated with body mass index (BMI) and eating behaviour is unknown. This study had three aims: (a) characterize types and frequency of stigmatizing health care experiences, (b) assess relationships among BMI, eating behaviour, and stigmatizing experiences, and (c) examine whether internalized weight stigma mediates the relationship between stigmatizing experiences, weight, and eating behaviour.MethodsAdults (N = 85) enrolled in behavioural weight loss completed measures of stigmatizing health care experiences, weight bias internalization, eating behaviours, and BMI. Cross‐sectional correlational and mediational analyses were conducted.ResultsThe majority (70.6%) of participants reported at least one stigmatizing health care experience in the past year. Greater amounts of stigmatizing experiences were associated with higher BMI (r = 0.32, P < .01) and greater uncontrolled (r = 0.22, P = .04) and emotional eating (r = 0.28, P < .01). Internalized weight stigma significantly mediated the relationship between stigmatizing experiences and maladaptive eating.ConclusionExperiences of health care weight stigma were associated with eating behaviour and BMI. Participants with a higher BMI or greater maladaptive eating behaviours may be more susceptible to stigmatizing experiences. Reducing internalized weight stigma and health care provider stigma may improve patient health outcomes.
The role of 5α‐reductase inhibitors in gastro‐oesophageal cancer risk: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Busby John , Karasneh Reema , Murchie Peter , McMenamin Úna , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Camargo M. Constanza , Iversen Lisa , Lee Amanda J. , Spence Andrew D. , Cardwell Chris R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe strong male predominance of gastro‐oesophageal cancer suggests that sex hormones play an important role. 5α‐Reductase (5AR) inhibitors have antiandrogen effects and have been shown to decrease cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. We conducted the first epidemiologic investigation into the association between 5AR inhibitor use and gastro‐oesophageal cancer risk.MethodsWe conducted a nested case‐control study within the Scottish Primary Care Clinical Information Unit Research database. Male cases diagnosed with oesophageal or gastric cancer between 1999 and 2011 were matched to up to five male controls based on birth year, diagnosis year, and general practice. We used electronic prescribing records to ascertain medication use. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between 5AR inhibitor use and cancer risk, after adjusting for comorbidities and aspirin, statin, or proton pump inhibitor use.ResultsThe study included 2003 gastro‐oesophageal cancer cases and 9650 controls. There was some evidence of reduced gastro‐oesophageal cancer risk among 5AR inhibitor users (adjusted OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56‐1.02), particularly for finasteride (adjusted OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.94). These decreases were more marked among those who received at least 3 years of 5AR inhibitors (adjusted OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.27‐1.05; P value = .071) or finasteride (adjusted OR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24‐0.99; P value = .046).ConclusionsWe found evidence of reduced gastro‐oesophageal cancer risk among users of 5AR inhibitors, particularly finasteride. However, larger epidemiological studies are required before randomised controlled trials are considered.
Untargeted metabolomic profiling ofSphagnum fallaxreveals novel antimicrobial metabolites
Authors: Fudyma Jane D. , Lyon Jamee , AminiTabrizi Roya , Gieschen Hans , Chu Rosalie K. , Hoyt David W. , Kyle Jennifer E. , Toyoda Jason , Tolic Nikola , Heyman Heino M. , Hess Nancy J. , Metz Thomas O. , Tfaily Malak M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSphagnummosses dominate peatlands by employing harsh ecosystem tactics to prevent vascular plant growth and microbial degradation of these large carbon stores. Knowledge aboutSphagnum‐produced metabolites, their structure and their function, is important to better understand the mechanisms, underlying this carbon sequestration phenomenon in the face of climate variability. It is currently unclear which compounds are responsible for inhibition of organic matter decomposition and the mechanisms by which this inhibition occurs. Metabolite profiling ofSphagnum fallaxwas performed using two types of mass spectrometry (MS) systems and1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Lipidome profiling was performed using LC‐MS/MS. A total of 655 metabolites, including one hundred fifty‐two lipids, were detected by NMR and LC‐MS/MS—329 of which were novel metabolites (31 unknown lipids).Sphagum fallaxmetabolite profile was composed mainly of acid‐like and flavonoid glycoside compounds, that could be acting as potent antimicrobial compounds, allowingSphagnumto control its environment.Sphagnum fallaxmetabolite composition comparison against previously known antimicrobial plant metabolites confirmed this trend, with seventeen antimicrobial compounds discovered to be present inSphagnum fallax, the majority of which were acids and glycosides. Biological activity of these compounds needs to be further tested to confirm antimicrobial qualities. Three fungal metabolites were identified providing insights into fungal colonization that may benefitSphagnum. Characterizing the metabolite profile ofSphagnum fallaxprovided a baseline to understand the mechanisms in whichSphagnum fallaxacts on its environment, its relation to carbon sequestration in peatlands, and provide key biomarkers to predict peatland C store changes (sequestration, emissions) as climate shifts.
Identifying the key characteristics of clinical fear of cancer recurrence: An international Delphi study
Authors: Mutsaers Brittany , Butow Phyllis , Dinkel Andreas , Humphris Gerald , Maheu Christine , Ozakinci Gozde , Prins Judith , Sharpe Louise , Smith Allan “Ben” , Thewes Belinda , Lebel Sophie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveWithout an agreed‐upon set of characteristics that differentiate clinical from nonclinical levels of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), it is difficult to ensure that FCR severity is appropriately measured, and that those in need of intervention are identified. The objective of this study was to establish expert consensus on the defining features of clinical FCR.MethodA three‐round Delphi was used to reach consensus on the defining features of clinical FCR. Sixty‐five experts in FCR (researchers, psychologists, physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals) were recruited to suggest and rate potential features of clinical FCR. Participants who indicated they could communicate diagnoses within their clinical role were also asked to consider the application of established DSM‐5 and proposed ICD‐11 diagnostic criteria (Health Anxiety, Illness Anxiety Disorder, Somatic Symptom Disorder) to clinical FCR.ResultsParticipants' ratings suggested that the following four features are key characteristics of clinical FCR: (a) high levels of preoccupation; (b) high levels of worry; (c) that are persistent; and (d) hypervigilance to bodily symptoms. Of participants whose professional role allowed them to diagnose mental disorders, 84% indicated it would be helpful to diagnose clinical FCR, but the use of established diagnostic criteria related to health anxiety or somatic‐related disorders to clinical FCR was not supported. This suggests that participants consider clinical FCR as a presentation that is specific to cancer survivors.ConclusionClinical FCR was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct. Further research is needed to empirically validate the proposed defining features.
Label‐Free Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Novel Biomarkers for Distinguishing Tuberculosis Pleural Effusion from Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Pan Liping , Zhang Xia , Jia Hongyan , Huang Mailing , Liu Fei , Wang Jinghui , Du Boping , Wei Rongrong , Sun Qi , Xing Aiying , Li Qi , Zhang Zongde 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo identify potential protein biomarkers for distinguishing tuberculosis plural effusion (TBPE) from malignant plural effusion (MPE).Experimental designFive independent samples from each group (TBPE and MPE) are enrolled for label‐free quantitative proteomics analyses. The differentially expressed proteins are validated by western blot and ELISA. Logistic regression analysis is used to obtain the optimal diagnostic model.ResultsIn total, 14 proteins with significant difference are identified between TBPE and MPE. Seven differentially expressed proteins are validated using western blot, and the expression patterns of these seven proteins are similar with those in proteomics analysis. Statistically significant differences in four proteins (AGP1, ORM2, C9, and SERPING1) are noted between TBPE and MPE in the training set (n = 230). Logistic regression analysis shows the combination of AGP1–ORM2–C9 presents a sensitivity of 73.0% (92/126) and specificity of 89.4% (93/104) in discriminating TBPE from MPE. Additional validation is performed to evaluate the diagnostic model in an independent blind testing set (n = 80), and yielded a sensitivity of 74.4% (32/43) and specificity of 91.9% (34/37) in discriminating TBPE from MPE.ConclusionThe study uncovers the proteomic profiles of TBPE and MPE, and provides new potential diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing TBPE from MPE.
Target the core: durable plant resistance against filamentous plant pathogens through effector recognition
Authors: Depotter Jasper R L , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlant pathogens colonize their host through the secretion of effector proteins that modulate plant metabolism and immune responses to their benefit. Plants evolve towards effector recognition, leading to host immunity. Typically, pathogen effectors are targets for recognition through plant receptors that are encoded by resistance genes. Resistance gene mediated crop immunity puts a tremendous pressure on pathogens to adapt and alter their effector repertoire to overcome recognition. We argue that the type of effector that is recognized by the host may have considerable implications on the durability of resistance against filamentous plant pathogens. Effector genes that are conserved among pathogens and reside in core genome regions are most likely to hold indispensable virulence functions. Consequently, the cost for the pathogen to overcome recognition by the host is higher than for diversified, host‐specific effectors with a quantitative impact on virulence. Consequently, resistance genes that directly target conserved effector proteins without the interception of other effector proteins are potentially excellent resistance resources. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploiting chemical ecology to manage hyperparasitoids in biological control of arthropod pests
Authors: Cusumano Antonino , Harvey Jeffrey A , Bourne Mitchel E , Poelman Erik H , G de Boer Jetske 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInsect hyperparasitoids are fourth trophic level organisms that commonly occur in terrestrial food webs, yet they are relatively understudied. These top‐carnivores can disrupt biological pest control by suppressing the populations of their parasitoid hosts, leading to pest outbreaks, especially in confined environments such as greenhouses where augmentative biological control is used. There is no effective eco‐friendly strategy that can be used to control hyperparasitoids. Recent advances in the chemical ecology of hyperparasitoid foraging behavior have opened opportunities for manipulating these top‐carnivores in such a way that biological pest control becomes more efficient. We propose various infochemical‐based strategies to manage hyperparasitoids. We suggest that a push‐pull strategy could be a promising approach to ‘push’ hyperparasitoids away from their parasitoid hosts and ‘pull’ them into traps. Additionally, we discuss how infochemicals can be used to develop innovative tools improving biological pest control (i) to restrict accessibility of resources (e.g. sugars and alternative hosts) to primary parasitoid only or (ii) to monitor hyperparasitoid presence in the crop for early detection. We also identify important missing information in order to control hyperparasitoids and outline what research is needed to reach this goal. Testing the efficacy of synthetic infochemicals in confined environments is a crucial step towards the implementation of chemical ecology‐based approaches targeting hyperparasitoids. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.