bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epstein–Barr virus reactivation by persistent apical periodontal pathogens
Authors: Himi K. , Takeichi O. , Imai K. , Hatori K. , Tamura T. , Ogiso B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess whether Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is triggered by persistent apical periodontitis‐related microbes using in vitro and ex vivo methodologies.MethodologySurgically removed human periapical granulomas (n = 50) and healthy gingival tissues (n = 10) were analysed to determine the presence of EBV and seven persistent apical periodontitis‐related microbes. In addition, real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of BZLF‐1, an immediate–early gene of EBV. Expression of latent membrane protein (LMP)‐1 and ZEBRA, an early lytic protein of EBV encoded by BZLF‐1, was also examined using triple‐colour immunofluorescence staining. n‐Butyric acid produced by the microbes was quantified, and luciferase assays were performed in association with bacterial lysates. In addition, Daudi cells were cultured with bacterial lysates, and the expression levels of BZLF‐1 mRNA and ZEBRA protein were determined.ResultsEBV DNA and BZLF‐1 mRNA were detected in 47 out of 50 periapical granulomas, but not in healthy gingival tissues. The EBV DNA copy number and the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum were significantly positively correlated with BZLF‐1 expression in periapical granulomas. The number of Prevotella intermedia was slightly correlated with BZLF‐1 expression; however, the other microbes were not. CD79a‐positive B cells in periapical granulomas, but not those in healthy gingival tissues, expressed both LMP‐1 and ZEBRA. n‐Butyric acid production was the highest in F. nucleatum and the lowest in P. intermedia. Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and the other tested microbes did not produce n‐butyric acid. An F. nucleatum lysate exhibited significantly increased BZLF‐1‐luciferase activity in the same manner of commercial butyric acid, whereas P. intermedia did not. F. nucleatum also induced the expression of BZLF‐1 mRNA and ZEBRA protein by Daudi cells, indicating that EBV reactivation was induced.ConclusionAmong the persistent apical periodontitis‐related bacteria that were tested, F. nucleatum most strongly reactivated latent EBV, whereas E. faecalis and C. albicans as well as the other microbes did not.
Justification of aggression against nurses: The effect of aggressor distress and nurse communication quality
Authors: Yagil Dana , Dayan Hana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore the conditions that contribute to justification of aggression against nurses.DesignA 2 (aggressor distress as reflected in stressful behaviour: high vs. low) × 2 (target nurse's communication quality as reflected in provision of information and expression of caring: high vs. low) factorial design. Communication quality was operationalized as caring for half the respondents and information provision for the other half.MethodsData were collected online in 2018. Respondents (N = 305) were presented with one of the eight versions of a hypothetical vignette. Aggressor distress and caring were manipulated for half the participants and aggressor distress and information provision for the other half. After reading the vignette, respondents reported their attitudes towards the aggressor's behaviour and sense of warmth towards the target nurse. Additional data collected included trait empathy (a control variable), demographic variables and responses to a manipulation check. Data were analysed using the analyses of variance.FindingsThe results show the main effects of aggressor distress and nurse communication quality on justification of aggression and sense of warmth towards the nurse. An interaction effect between aggressor distress and (poor) nurse information provision was found on justification of aggression.ConclusionThe results extend extant research on the causes of aggression against the nurses by highlighting a tendency to view certain circumstances as justifying such behaviour.ImpactThe study explored conditions that increase the justification of aggression against nurses, from the perspective of a third party. The results show that aggressor's distress, as well as the attacked nurse's communication quality affect the justification of aggression. The results contribute to knowledge about the causes of aggression against nurses and highlight the need for healthcare policy and public education activities designed to undermine the view that aggression against nurses can be justified.
A mixed methods study to evaluate the effects of a teamwork enhancement and quality improvement initiative on nurses’ work environment
Authors: Paguio Jenniffer Torralba , Yu Doris Sau Fung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo test the effect of a teamwork enhancement and quality improvement program named ‘Nurturing Effective Teams and Continuous Quality Improvement’ on nurses’ work environments in the hospital setting.DesignMixed‐method study with quasi‐experimental controlled trial and focus group interviews.MethodsTwelve units from two Philippine tertiary government hospitals will be matched and allocated to have 72 nurses receiving the teamwork enhancement and quality improvement program, or no intervention. The program focuses on enhancing the nurse autonomy, leadership and management support, teamwork, and workload management, delivered in two phases: (a) teamwork enhancement training using team strategies and tools to enhance the performance and patient safety; and (b) implementation of quality improvement projects using the model for improvement to identify priority unit issues and change ideas and tested using the Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycle. The 6‐month implementation includes two trainings and seven mentoring sessions with a quality improvement facilitator. Primary outcome is the nurses’ work environment and secondary outcomes are job satisfaction, burnout risk, turnover intention, and perceived quality of care provided measured at the nurse‐level using self‐administered survey and measured at 0, 3, and 6 months. Focus group interviews will be conducted among 14–16 nurse subjects to explore their experience during the program, while other stakeholders will be interviewed to reflect the program effects. Generalized equation modelling will be used to identify the program effects on the quantitative outcomes and content analysis will be used for qualitative data.DiscussionEstablishing measures to improve the nurses’ work environments can be used to address poor nurse outcomes in high workload and low‐resource settings.ImpactA favourable nurse work environment is the cornerstone to sustainable nursing workforce and positive outcomes. This study will provide explicit evidence to inform the effect of a structured evidence‐based protocol in improving nurses’ work environment given resource‐limited context.Trial Registration: China Clinical Trial Registration Center (CciCTR), Registration number ChiCTR1900021754 (March 8, 2019).
Cognitive fatigability is a quantifiable distinct phenomenon in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tommasin Silvia , De Luca Francesca , Ferrante Ilaria , Gurreri Flavia , Castelli Letizia , Ruggieri Serena , Prosperini Luca , Pantano Patrizia , Pozzilli Carlo , De Giglio Laura 
Published: November 2019

Cognitive fatigability in multiple sclerosis represents the decrease in cognitive performance over time. It is a frequent symptom that negatively affects quality of life and ability to work. There are no objective measures of cognitive fatigability. This study aimed at quantifying cognitive fatigability despite the learning effect and to clarify whether cognitive fatigability represents a free‐standing phenomenon rather than an aspect of cognitive impairment. We measured information processing speed with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and the number of right answers was recorded every 30 s for 180 s. We approximated the number of right answers as function of time with two logarithmic models, one including a first‐order term alone and the other adding also a second‐order term. The coefficient of the latter (B) may quantify performance deflection and may represent cognitive fatigability. We tested 173 patients with multiple sclerosis, including 119 cognitively impaired and 54 cognitively preserved patients, and 35 healthy subjects. The performance of cognitively preserved patients showed a deflection at the end of task that was detected neither in controls nor in cognitively impaired patients and needed a second‐order term to be approximated (p < .03, F = 14.02). B was explained neither by depression nor fatigue. We proposed for the first time a method to quantify cognitive fatigue via a second‐order least square fit model, easily usable in the clinical practice. By using this novel approach, cognitive fatigability results to be a free‐standing phenomenon that is more evident in cognitively preserved than in cognitive impaired patients.
Sensory sensitivity to sour and bitter taste among people with Crohn's disease and folic acid supplementation
Authors: Szymandera‐Buszka Krystyna , Jędrusek‐Golińska Anna , Waszkowiak Katarzyna , Hęś Marzanna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare differences between healthy young people and young people with Crohn's disease in their sensory sensitivity to basic tastes. The investigations were conducted on a group of 185 people with Crohn's disease and 288 healthy people aged 20–31. The recognition thresholds of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes were determined. The results showed that the young people with Crohn's disease were more sensitive to sour taste and less sensitive to bitter taste than the healthy subjects. The results also showed a relationship between the young Crohn's disease patients' sensitivity to bitter and sour tastes and the folic acid supplementation of their diet. However, there were no differences between the groups in their sensory sensitivity to salty and sweet tastes.Practical applicationsThe sensory properties and perception of foods are very important aspects of food selection and consumption, as they might regulate the nutritional status. Increased or reduced taste sensitivity usually suppresses appetite and results in weight loss, malnutrition, impaired immunity, and deterioration of medical conditions. The knowledge of the taste sensitivity of people with Crohn's disease will help researchers design food products of the right taste intensity. This may improve the nutritional status and quality of life of people suffering from Crohn's disease.
Sinomenine attenuates septic-associated lung injury through the Nrf2-Keap1 and autophagy
Authors: Wang Wanqiu , Yang Xiaoting , Chen Qiuhua , Guo Min , Liu Suzi , Liu Junjun , Wang Jintao , Huang Fengjie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Our present study focused on assessing whether Sinomenine (SIN) could attenuate sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI).

Methods
The mice were conditioned with SIN 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, inflammatory level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and inflammatory cytokines production were detected. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. In addition, the RAW264.7 cells were treated with SIN 1 h before treatment with LPS. Inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and COX2 were detected. The expression of Nrf2 and autophagy-related proteins were explored by Western blot analysis.

Key findings
Experiments in vivo and in vitro discovered that LPS significantly increased the degree of injury, inflammatory cytokines production and oxidative stress. However, the increase was significantly inhibited by treatment of SIN. In addition, SIN was found to upregulate the expression of Nrf2 and autophagy-related proteins both in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions
Our data suggested that SIN could attenuate septic-associated ALI effectively, probably due to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress through Nrf2 and autophagy pathways.
Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration in dogs with acquired portosystemic collaterals
Authors: Sakamoto Yumi , Sakai Manabu , Sato Keita , Watari Toshihiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated in humans with portal hypertension (PH) associated with liver disease. However, involvement of RAAS in dogs with intrahepatic PH is not clear.ObjectiveTo measure plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in dogs with PH (chronic hepatitis [CH] and primary hypoplasia of the portal vein [PHPV]), dogs with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt (EH‐CPSS), and healthy dogs and to determine whether the RAAS is activated in dogs with PH.AnimalsTwenty‐seven dogs with acquired portosystemic collaterals (APSCs; 15 dogs with CH, 12 dogs with PHPV), 9 dogs with EH‐CPSS, and 10 healthy dogs.MethodsRetrospective study. Plasma renin activity and PAC were measured by radioimmunoassay.ResultsPlasma renin activity was significantly higher in the CH group (median, 4.4 ng/mL/h) than in the EH‐CPSS (median, 1.0 ng/mL/h; P < .01) and the healthy (median, 1.1 ng/mL/h; P < .01) groups. No significant differences were found between the PHPV group (median, 2.2 ng/mL/h) and other groups. Plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly higher in the CH (median, 111.0 pg/mL) and PHPV (median, 89.5 pg/mL) groups than in the EH‐CPSS (median, 1.0 pg/mL; P < .001, P < .01, respectively) and healthy (median, 14.5 pg/mL; P < .001, P < .05, respectively) groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceActivation of the RAAS contributes to the pathophysiology of intrahepatic PH in dogs, suggesting that spironolactone may not only be effective for the treatment of ascites but also for the suppression of intrahepatic PH.
School nurses' self‐assessed cultural competence when encountering children of foreign origin: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wahlström Emmie , Harder Maria , Granlund Mats , Holmström Inger K. , Larm Peter , Golsäter Marie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate associations between school nurses' self‐assessed cultural competence in health visits with children of foreign origin and demographic variables, by using a cross‐sectional design. A Web‐based questionnaire assessing cultural competence and demographic variables was distributed to a nationally representative sample (n = 816) of school nurses in Sweden. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. School nurses assessed themselves as culturally aware and moderately culturally competent, but not as culturally knowledgeable, culturally skilled, or comfortable in cultural encounters. Cultural competence was related to education in cultural diversity, how often nurses encounter children of foreign origin, and nurses' country of origin. In total, these variables explained 23.6% of the variation in school nurses' cultural competence. Because school nurses regard themselves as moderately culturally competent, a foundation for promoting children's health on equal terms in school health care exists. However, education in cultural diversity combined with other additional strategies is needed to further strengthen school nurses' cultural knowledge, skills, and comfort level in encounters with children of foreign origin.
Exploring a hermeneutic perspective of nursing through revisiting nursing health history
Authors: Frechette Julie , Carnevale Franco A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, the nursing health history is revisited with a hermeneutic lens to uncover means by which this tool can better serve nursing practice. It is argued that further distanciation from the developmental and medical model is necessary to accurately uncover health and history in the nurse–client encounter. Based on the works of prominent hermeneutic philosophers, such as Heidegger, Gadamer, Merleau‐Ponty, Ricoeur, and Taylor, four orientations to health history and nursing are explored: orientation to caring, orientation to narrative, orientation to time, and orientation to the body. The nursing health history is used as a vehicle for illuminating the usefulness of a hermeneutic perspective in everyday nursing practice. This article reveals views of health, history, and health history that are already known to nurses and the nursing milieu but are concealed by more dominant outlooks. The hermeneutical perspective presented in this article can help to reveal the important dimensions of everyday nursing practice and foster a richer attunement with the complex health experiences of individuals.
Insights from past and present social science literature on the (unequal) development of New Zealand's rural communities
Authors: Pomeroy Ann 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA review of social research on rural New Zealand undertaken as part of the National Science Challenge (NSC 11) “Building Better Homes, Towns and Cities” allows a fresh look at rural development within the context of New Zealand's colonial history. The research suggests that government development programmes and legislation privileged those responsible for producing the bulk of New Zealand's export income. Cultural attitudes, structural inequalities and a failure to understand how the character of, and social relations in, rural areas have changed has impeded particularly Māori economic growth, the participation of women, and non‐farm sectors of rural society, to the detriment of all.
Early plant development depends on embryo damage location: the role of seed size in partial seed predation
Authors: Perea Ramón , Fernandes G. Wilson , Dirzo Rodolfo 
Published: November 2019

Seed predators sometimes inflict non‐lethal seed damage. We asked whether seed size modulates the location of insect seed damage and examined whether location‐specific damage on the embryo influences early plant development (embryo survival, germination, seedling emergence and performance). We used intact and weevil‐infested seeds of a prevalent California oak tree Quercus agrifolia as study model. We conducted observational and manipulative studies (simulate partial embryo damage).Seed size significantly affected the location of insect damage within the seed and, in turn, the probability of embryo damage, with larger seeds showing lower probability of embryo damage. The location of the larva exit hole was strongly associated with the probability of embryo damage, with 0.9 probability when the exit hole is located <5 mm from the embryo.Partial damage on the embryo was found in ca 11% of the infested seeds (n = 250). Among them, 63% showed damage only on the inner part (plumule) of the embryo. Damage on the plumule (the rudimentary shoot) was more lethal than damage on the radicle, particularly at the emergence phase, when success rate of plumule‐damaged seeds decreased by half as compared to that of radicle‐damaged seeds. Plumule‐damaged seeds also emerged much later and performed more poorly than radicle‐damaged seeds. Furthermore, seedlings that emerged from plumule‐damaged seeds showed poorer physiological parameters (lower chlorophyll and nitrogen content) than those emerged from radicle‐damaged seeds. Overall, intact seeds performed better than both types of damaged seeds.We highlight that seed size and its associated differential location of seed damage determines the occurrence of embryo damage and the region affected within the embryo (e.g. plumule versus radicle) which, in turn, affects important components of plant fitness. Different selective pressures affecting mostly the plumule (insects) versus the radicle (embryo‐clipping rodents) may contribute to elucidate the co‐evolutionary dynamics of seeds and their predators.
Development of a large population of activation‐tagged mutants in an elite indica rice variety
Authors: Kota Vamsee Raja , Gundra Sivakrishna Rao , Vudem Dashavantha Reddy , Pulugurtha Bharadwaja Kirti , Khareedu Venkateswara Rao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have generated more than 12,000 activation‐tagged mutants in a high‐yielding indica rice variety, 'BPT 5204', employing maize Ac/Ds system. Different transgenic plants obtained were analysed based on expression patterns of green fluorescence protein (GFP), red fluorescence protein (RFP), herbicide (Basta) tolerance and molecular analyses. T1 seeds of pSQ5 and pSQ5‐bar transgenics, when germinated separately on hygromycin (50 mg/L) and phosphinothricin (5 mg/L) containing medium, revealed a segregation of 3 tolerant : 1 susceptible plants. The germinal transposition frequency of Ds element in different T2 progeny of rice plants was found to be about 18.0%. Different stable tagged mutants exhibited marked increases in plant height, number of tillers, leaf size, panicle size, seed size and number of grains per plant. The overall results indicate that the genes associated with these traits are upregulated by the enhancer element in activation‐tagged mutants. As such, the various tagged mutant lines appear promising and serve as a valuable genetic resource for identification of key genes determining different agronomic traits of rice.
Yes, Eliminative Materialism Is Self‐Defeating
Authors: Slagle Jim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEliminative materialism seeks to replace our familiar categories of mentality, “folk psychology,” with those of cognitive science. One of the objections to this project has been that is self‐defeating. Any attempt to argue for, defend, present, or even contemplate eliminativism in one's own mind can only get started by employing the very categories it decries. Counterarguments to this objection include that to accuse eliminativism of being self‐defeating begs the question (the Churchlands) and that it can be reduced to other objections to eliminativism (Ramsey). I argue that these counterarguments are unsuccessful and that eliminativism is in fact self‐defeating.
When Are Nudges Desirable? Benefit Validity When Preferences Are Not Consistently Revealed
Authors: Weimer David L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cost‐benefit analysis, as a tool of general use in policy analysis or as a mandated analytical process in some rulemaking, provides protocols for assessing the relative efficiency of policy alternatives. However, inconsistent and apparently irrational decisions by consumers in some situations call into question the validity of inferring the values that consumers place on outcomes from their observed choices. It also opens the door for “nudges” that change the architecture of choice to promote more “rational” consumer choice. Differences between decision utility and experience utility and the willingness of consumers to pay for reductions in temptation provide conceptual bases for thinking about the efficiency of nudges. However, assessment of nudges and their role in behavioral public administration should also recognize that heterogeneous preferences can result in increases in utility for some and decreases for others. Therefore, nudges require systematic assessment like other policy instruments.
Health behavior change in transactive systems
Authors: vanDellen Michelle R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRelationship members are frequently concordant on health outcomes; health behaviorchangeis also concordant in close relationships. Despite clear evidence of this influence, relatively little is known about the possible mechanisms by which individuals in densely transactive systems (i.e., relationships with high goal‐related interdependence) influence each other's health. I draw on transactive goal dynamics (TGD) theory to highlight potential processes involved in health behavior change in interdependent systems. I introduce and discuss relevant literature about two related constructs—partner‐directed goal pursuit and partner‐directed goal qualities. I then highlight two areas where drawing on TGD principles may be useful, including unpacking recursive patterns of influence and health behavior change in concordant systems. I conclude with recommendations for future research.