bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working Beyond 80: The Meaning of Work to An Octogenarian in The Workforce
Authors: Lapa Ma. Mayla Imela M , Garcia Laurence L , Nemenzo Endrex P 
Published: July 2020

There is an increasing share of people aged 50 years and over in the labor market structure and the rapid aging of the global workforce that supports the latter claim but with a little tank of information on qualitative research describing the experiences of a working octogenarian. An octogenarian is a person who is between 80 and 89 years old. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of a working octogenarian in her fieldwork through a qualitative case study analysis. From the interview, the following three themes were revealed: (a) Work as a legacy, (b) Work as an advocacy, and (c) Work as an opportunity. In the first theme, the participant described that she had a laden path and a mission. These had been sustained along with the desire to serve and make a difference. In work as advocacy, she presented the vision to make the lives of the elderly better by making the environment compatible with her aspiration extending beyond the confines of her organization. Considering every work that she took part in as an opportunity to explore and further her vision was the very core of the theme “work as an opportunity.” Working beyond 80 years old becomes possible when one dedicates the undertakings in the fulfillment of the individual’s vision and mission. Abstrak Bekerja di Atas Usia 80: Sebuah Studi Kasus Kualitatif tentang Arti Bekerja bagi Seorang Tenaga Kerja Octogenarian. Terdapat peningkatan jumlah orang yang berusia 50 tahun ke atas dalam struktur pasar tenaga kerja dan penuaan dini dari tenaga kerja global yang mendukung klaim terakhir, namun masih sedikit informasi tentang penelitian kualitatif yang menggambarkan pengalaman seorang oktogenarian yang bekerja. Seorang octogenarian adalah orang yang berusia antara 80 dan 89 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengalaman seorang oktogenarian yang bekerja pada lapangan kerjanya melalui analisis studi kasus kualitatif. Berdasarkan wawancara, tiga tema berikut terungkap: (a) Bekerja sebagai warisan, (b) Bekerja sebagai advokasi, dan (c) Bekerja sebagai peluang. Pada tema pertama, peserta menggambarkan bahwa dia memiliki jalan yang sarat dan misi. Hal ini telah dipertahankan dengan keinginan untuk melayani dan membuat perbedaan. Pada tema bekerja sebagai advokasi, ia mempresentasikan visi untuk membuat kehidupan lansia menjadi lebih baik dengan membuat lingkungan yang sesuai dengan aspirasinya melampaui batas organisasinya. Mempertimbangkan setiap pekerjaan yang ia ambil sebagai kesempatan untuk mengeksplorasi dan memajukan visinya adalah inti dari tema “bekerja sebagai sebuah peluang.” Bekerja lebih dari 80 tahun sangat mungkin ketika seseorang mendedikasikan upaya dalam pencapaian visi dan misi individu. Kata Kunci: aging, gerontologi, octogenarian, pekerja, tenaga kerja
Copyright Education for Graduate Students: A Multi-Stage Approach
Authors: Anders Kathy Christie , Algenio Emilie 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION This article illustrates how academic librarians can structure a copyright education program for graduate students according to models of graduate student persistence. Adapting copyright education to stages of graduate persistence can help academic librarians find ways to strategically allocate resources while best educating students. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM The article examines how students at the transition, development, and research stages of their education are served by differing types of copyright education such as tutorials, workshops, and consultations. At the large research library where the authors implemented this model, the multi-staged structure of the program allowed librarians to educate students about a broad array of copyright topics throughout their graduate programs instead of addressing issues solely related to dissertations and theses at the end of their studies. Implementing this model of copyright education for graduate students has implications for program scale, instruction across disciplines, and the reduction of graduate student anxiety. NEXT STEPS This program is subject to iterative improvements, and in the future the authors would like to expand early-stage graduate programming and investigate graduate student perceptions of copyright education.
Hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐Cycloaddition mit RAFT‐Polymeren als Biokonjugationsplattform
Authors: Beloqui Ana , Mane Shivshankar R. , Langer Marcel , Glassner Mathias , Bauer Dennis M. , Fruk Ljiljana , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Delaittre Guillaume 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWir stellen die Biokonjugation von Polymeren vor, die durch RAFT‐Polymerisation mittels Hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐Cycloaddition durch ihren inhärenten terminalen Thiocarbonylthiorest mit einem dienmodifizierten Modellprotein synthetisiert wurden und keine spezifische funktionelle Endgruppe tragen. Die quantitative Konjugation erfolgt im Verlauf einiger Stunden bei Raumtemperatur und nahezu neutralem pH‐Wert und in Abwesenheit jeglichen Katalysators. Unsere Technologieplattform liefert thermoresponsive Biokonjugate, deren Aggregation allein durch die Polymerketten gesteuert wird.
Zur Promotion katalytischer Reaktionen durch akustische Oberflächenwellen
Authors: von Boehn Bernhard , Foerster Michael , von Boehn Moritz , Prat Jordi , Macià Ferran , Casals Blai , Khaliq Muhammad Waqas , Hernández‐Mínguez Alberto , Aballe Lucia , Imbihl Ronald 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAkustische Oberflächenwellen (engl. Surface Acoustic Waves, SAWs) ermöglichen die Manipulation von Oberflächen mit potenziellen Anwendungen in der Katalyse, der Sensorik und der Nanotechnologie. Es wurde gezeigt, dass SAWs bei vielen Oxidations‐ und Zersetzungsreaktionen an metallischen und oxidischen Katalysatoren deren Aktivität und Selektivität erhöhen. Der Reaktionsmechanismus konnte jedoch bis heute nicht eindeutig geklärt werden. Mit Hilfe der stroboskopischen Röntgen‐Photoelektronenspektroskopie konnten wir eine Änderung der Austrittsarbeit im Sub‐Nanosekundenbereich während der Ausbreitung von 500 MHz‐SAW auf einer 9 nm dicken Platinschicht nachweisen. Wir bestimmen die Austrittsarbeitsänderung auf 455 μeV. Eine so geringe Variation schließt aus, dass elektronische Effekte durch elastische Verformung (Dehnung) eine große Rolle bei der SAW‐induzierten Promotion von katalytischen Reaktionen spielen. Ausserdem wurde gezeigt, dass die SAW‐induzierte Vermischung einer fünf Monolagen dicken Rh‐Schicht mit dem polykristallinen Platinsubstrat auf eine erhöhte thermische Diffusion zurückzuführen ist, die durch eine Erwärmung der Oberfläche um etwa 75 K bei der Anregung von SAW verursacht wird. Wir schlagen reversible strukturelle Veränderungen der Oberfläche als eine Hauptursache für die katalytische Promotion durch SAW vor.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Titanium‐Porphyrinic Aerogels
Authors: Keum Yesub , Kim Bongkyeom , Byun Asong , Park Jinhee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present novel titanium‐porphyrinic gels (TPGs) and titanium‐porphyrinic aerogels (TPAs), in which porphyrinic ligand tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin is coordinated to Ti‐oxo clusters. These hierarchically porous TPAs, with micro‐, meso‐, and macropores and reactant‐concentration‐dependent Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface areas of 407–738 m2 g−1, are prepared by CO2 critical point drying of TPGs. Although the Ti4+ → Ti3+ photoreduction of TPAs is less efficient than that of crystalline microporous Ti‐porphyrinic framework DGIST‐1, prompt diffusion of O2 and spin‐trapping agents into the TPA pores causes the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as observed by EPR spectroscopy. When used as an ROS scavenger, large 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran is degraded by the best‐performing TPA 10 times faster than by DGIST‐1, suggesting that the accessibility of molecules (reactants) to pores (reactive centers) strongly influences photocatalytic activity.
A Series of Mesoporous Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Tunable Windows Sizes and Exceptionally High Ethane over Ethylene Adsorption Selectivity
Authors: Lysova Anna A. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Kovalenko Konstantin A. , Nizovtsev Anton S. , Dybtsev Danil N. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe NIIC‐20 (NIIC stands for Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry) is a family of five isostructural metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) based on dodecanuclear wheel‐shaped carboxylate building blocks {Zn12(RCOO)12(glycol)6} (glycol is deprotonated diatomic alcohol: ethylene glycol, 1,2‐propanediol, 1,2‐butanediol, 1,2‐pentanediol or glycerol), quantitatively crystallized from readily available starting chemicals. The crystal structures contain large mesoporous cages of 25 Å connected through {Zn12} rings, of which inner diameter and chemical nature depend solely on the chosen glycol. The NIIC‐20 compounds feature high surface area and rarely observed inversed adsorption affinity for saturated hydrocarbon (ethane) over the unsaturated ones (ethylene, acetylene). The corresponding IAST (Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory) adsorption selectivity factors reach as much as 15.4 for C2H6/C2H4 and 10.9 for C2H6/C2H2 gas mixtures at ambient conditions, exceeding those for any other porous MOF reported so far. The remarkable combination of high adsorption uptakes and high adsorption selectivities makes the NIIC‐20 series a new benchmark of porous materials designed for ethylene separation applications.
Asymmetric Coupling of Carbon‐Centered Radicals Adjacent to Nitrogen: Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation and Etherification of Enamides
Authors: Zhang Guoyu , Zhou Song , Fu Liang , Chen Pinhong , Li Yibiao , Zou Jianping , Liu Guosheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe first copper‐catalyzed asymmetric cyanation and etherification reactions of enamides have been established, where a carbon‐centered radical adjacent to a nitrogen atom (CRAN) is enantioselectively trapped by a chiral copper(II) species. Moreover, the asymmetric cyanation of vinyl esters was disclosed as well. These reactions feature very mild reaction conditions and high functional group tolerance, and give a series of chiral α‐cyano amides, α‐cyano esters and α‐hemiaminals in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity. The chiral α‐cyano amides can be easily converted into enantioenriched 1,2‐diamines and amino acids.
Molecular Insights into Small‐Molecule Drug Discovery for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Su Hailei , Zhou Feng , Huang Ziru , Ma Xiaohua , Natarajan Kathiresan , Zhang Minchuan , Huang Yong , Su Haibin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mainstream approach to antiviral drugs against COVID‐19 is to focus on key stages of the SARS‐CoV‐2 life cycle. The vast majority of candidates under investigation are repurposed from agents of other indications. Understanding protein–inhibitor interactions at the molecular scale will provide crucial insights for drug discovery to stop this pandemic. In this article, we summarize and analyze the most recent structural data on several viral targets in the presence of promising inhibitors for COVID‐19 in the context of the perspective of modes of action (MOA) to unravel insightful mechanistic features with atomistic resolution. The targets include spike glycoprotein and various host proteases mediating the entry of the virus into the cells, viral chymotrypsin‐ and papain‐like proteases, and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase. The main purpose of this review is to present detailed MOA analysis to inspire fresh ideas for both de novo drug design and optimization of known scaffolds to combat COVID‐19.
Hetero‐Diels–Alder Cycloaddition with RAFT Polymers as Bioconjugation Platform
Authors: Beloqui Ana , Mane Shivshankar R. , Langer Marcel , Glassner Mathias , Bauer Dennis M. , Fruk Ljiljana , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Delaittre Guillaume 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe introduce the bioconjugation of polymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization, bearing no specific functional end group, by means of hetero‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition through their inherent terminal thiocarbonylthio moiety with a diene‐modified model protein. Quantitative conjugation occurs over the course of a few hours, at ambient temperature and neutral pH, and in the absence of any catalyst. Our technology platform affords thermoresponsive bioconjugates, whose aggregation is solely controlled by the polymer chains.
Electrochemical Stability of the Reconstructed Fe3O4(001) Surface
Authors: Grumelli Doris , Wiegmann Tim , Barja Sara , Reikowski Finn , Maroun Fouad , Allongue Philippe , Balajka Jan , Parkinson Gareth S. , Diebold Ulrike , Kern Klaus , Magnussen Olaf M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstablishing the atomic‐scale structure of metal‐oxide surfaces during electrochemical reactions is a key step to modeling this important class of electrocatalysts. Here, we demonstrate that the characteristic (√2×√2)R45° surface reconstruction formed on (001)‐oriented magnetite single crystals is maintained after immersion in 0.1 M NaOH at 0.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl and we investigate its dependence on the electrode potential. We follow the evolution of the surface using in situ and operando surface X‐ray diffraction from the onset of hydrogen evolution, to potentials deep in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) regime. The reconstruction remains stable for hours between −0.20 and 0.60 V and, surprisingly, is still present at anodic current densities of up to 10 mA cm−2 and strongly affects the OER kinetics. We attribute this to a stabilization of the Fe3O4 bulk by the reconstructed surface. At more negative potentials, a gradual and largely irreversible lifting of the reconstruction is observed due to the onset of oxide reduction.
Synthesis of Acyclic Aliphatic Amides with Contiguous Stereogenic Centers via Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantio‐, Chemo‐ and Diastereoselective Methylene C(sp3)−H arylation
Authors: Han Ye‐Qiang , Yang Xu , Kong Ke‐Xin , Deng Yao‐Ting , Wu Le‐Song , Ding Yi , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe enantioselective desymmetrizing C−H activation of α‐gem‐dialkyl acyclic amides remains challenging because the availability of four chemically identical unbiased methylene C(sp3)−H bonds and increased rotational freedoms of the acyclic systems add tremendous difficulties for chemo‐ and stereocontrol. We have developed a method for the synthesis of acyclic aliphatic amides with α,β‐contiguous stereogenic centers via PdII‐catalyzed asymmetric arylation of unbiased methylene C(sp3)−H, in good yields and with high levels of enantio‐, chemo‐ and diastereoselectivity (up to >99 %eeand >20:1 d.r.). Successive application of this method enables the sequential arylation of thegem‐dialkyl groups with two different aryl iodides, giving a range of β‐Ar1‐β′‐Ar2‐aliphatic acyclic amides containing three contiguous stereogenic centers with excellent diastereoselectivity.
A meta‐Selective C−H Alumination of Mono‐Substituted Benzene by Using An Alkyl‐Substituted Al Anion through Hydride‐Eliminating SNAr Reaction
Authors: Kurumada Satoshi , Sugita Kengo , Nakano Ryo , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReaction of an Al‐centered anion with toluene proceeded to form C−H cleaved product with a perfect meta‐selectivity and a relatively small kinetic isotope effect (KIE, kH/kD=1.51). DFT calculations suggested a two‐step reaction mechanism and electronically controlled meta‐selectivity arising from the electron‐donating methyl group. The reaction with other mono‐substituted arenes was also investigated.
Reactivity and Lability Modulated by a Valence Electron Moving in and out of 25‐Atom Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Li Guangjun , Hu Weigang , Sun Yongnan , Xu Jiayu , Cai Xiao , Cheng Xinglian , Zhang Yuying , Tang Ancheng , Liu Xu , Chen Mingyang , Ding Weiping , Zhu Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emergence of atomically precise metal nanoclusters with unique electronic structures provides access to currently inaccessible catalytic challenges at the single‐electron level. We investigate the catalytic behavior of gold Au25(SR)18 nanoclusters by monitoring an incoming and outgoing free valence electron of Au 6s1. Distinct performances are revealed: Au25(SR)18− is generated upon donation of an electron to neutral Au25(SR)180 and this is associated with a loss in reactivity, whereas Au25(SR)18+ is generated from dislodgment of an electron from neutral Au25(SR)180 with a loss in stability. The reactivity diversity of the three Au25(SR)18 clusters stems from different affinities with reactants and the extent of intramolecular charge migration during the reactions, which are closely associated with the valence occupancies of the clusters varied by one electron. The stability difference in the three clusters is attributed to their different equilibria, which are established between the AuSR dissociation and polymerization influenced by one electron.
Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Bond Oxygenation by Transition‐Metal Acylnitrenoids
Authors: Tan Yuqi , Chen Shuming , Zhou Zijun , Hong Yubiao , Ivlev Sergei , Houk K. N. , Meggers Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates for the first time that easily accessible transition‐metal acylnitrenoids can be used for controlled direct C(sp3)‐H oxygenations. Specifically, a ruthenium catalyst activates N‐benzoyloxycarbamates as nitrene precursors towards regioselective intramolecular C−H oxygenations to provide cyclic carbonates, hydroxylated carbamates, or 1,2‐diols. The method can be applied to the chemoselective C−H oxygenation of benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C(sp3)−H bonds. The reaction can be performed in an enantioselective fashion and switched in a catalyst‐controlled fashion between C−H oxygenation and C−H amination. This work provides a new reaction mode for the regiocontrolled and stereocontrolled conversion of C(sp3)‐H into C(sp3)−O bonds.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Homogeneous Erythropoietin (EPO) Glycoforms
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Yang Sung H. , Brimble Margaret A. , Harris Paul W. R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractErythropoietin (EPO) has been regarded as a therapeutic glycoprotein for the clinical treatment of anaemia since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989. Commercial production of the 165‐residue glycoprotein is by recombinant protein expression using mammalian cell lines that renders a complex mixture of glycoforms that have an identical amino acid sequence but variations in the structures of the pendant glycans. This heterogeneous nature of human recombinant EPO restricts structural and bioactivity studies in medicinal chemistry. Consequently, chemical synthesis provides an elegant approach for the preparation of complex homogeneous glycoproteins from a readily accessible pool of amino acids and sugars. In addition, the combination of chemical and biosynthesis enables robust and large‐scale production of homogeneous EPO. The scope of this minireview is to summarise the recent advances in the chemical and semisyntheses of homogeneous EPO glycoforms, highlighting the versatile approaches to the preparation and structural manipulations of the carbohydrate chains incorporated into synthetic EPO glycoproteins.
Impact of stent designs of second‐generation drug‐eluting stents on long‐term outcomes in coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Jang Woo Jin , Chun Woo Jung , Park Ik Hyun , Choi Ki Hong , Song Young Bin , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Doh Joon‐Hyung , Hong Soon‐Jun , Nam Chang‐Wook , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe compared the long‐term clinical outcomes of four different types of second‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DESs) in coronary bifurcation lesions.BackgroundClinical outcomes of different designs of second‐generation DESs are not well known in bifurcation lesions.MethodsPatients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with second‐generation DESs for coronary bifurcation lesion were enrolled from 21 centers in South Korea. A total of 2,526 patients was evaluated and divided into four treatment groups according to DES type: bioabsorbable polymer biolimus‐eluting stent (BP‐BES group, n = 514), platinum chromium everolimus‐eluting stent (PtCr‐EES group, n = 473), cobalt nickel zotarolimus‐eluting stent (CoNi‐ZES group, n = 736), or cobalt chromium everolimus‐eluting stent (CoCr‐EES group, n = 803). Primary outcome was target lesion failure (TLF, defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed to reduce selection bias and potential confounding factors.ResultsFor 5 years of follow‐up, the rates of TLF among the four DES groups were not significantly different (6.2% for BP‐BES group, 8.2% for PtCr‐EES group, 6.5% for CoNi‐ZES group, and 8.6% for CoCr‐EES group, p = .434). The results were consistent after IPTW adjustment (6.8, 8.4, 6.0, and 7.5%, respectively, p = .554). In subgroup analysis, the similarity of long‐term outcomes among the four different types of second‐generation DES was consistent across subgroups regardless of side branch treatment (p for interaction = .691).ConclusionThere seems to be no significant difference in long‐term clinical outcomes among patients who received different types of second‐generation DES for coronary bifurcation lesion.
Iron‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of diacids in the presence of amines: a new route to cyclic amines
Authors: Wei Duo , Netkaew Chakkrit , Wu Jiajun , Darcel Christophe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCyclic amines (such as pyrrolidines, piperidines and azepanes) are present in a large class of natural products and bioactive molecules. Herein, we present a novel chemoselective strategy for building N‐substituted cyclic amines via iron catalyzed one‐pot hydrosilylation starting from readily available dicarboxylic acids and amines, with hydrosilanes as the hydride sources. The described methodology allows the preparation of a wide range of N‐alkylated and arylated cyclic amine derivatives (including pharmaceuticals Fenpiprane and Prozapine) in moderate to excellent yields, starting from inexpensive succinic, glutaric, and adipic acids with dimethyl carbonate as a green solvent.
Synthesis of Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles through Flow‐Focusing Microfluidic‐Assisted Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Heshmatnezhad Fazlollah , Nazar Ali Reza Solaimany 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolycaprolactone nanoparticles (PCL NPs) were produced by a liquid nonsolvent nanoprecipitation process in a flow‐focusing microfluidic device and optimized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential ζ. The effects of flow rate ratio (FRR), total flow rate (TFR), the organic solvents tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide (DMF), the surfactants polyvinyl alcohol and Tween 80, and polymer molecular weight on the size, PDI, and ζ of PCL NPs were investigated. A stability study was performed to compare the effect of the surfactants on the characteristics of PCL NPs over 7 d. The smallest particles are produced at the highest FRR, TFR, and polymer molecular weight and lowest polymer concentration in DMF. The presence of both surfactants results in smaller NPs.