bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage-mediated priority effects and season lengths shape long-term competition dynamics
Authors: Zou Heng-Xing , Schreiber Sebastian J. , Rudolf Volker H.W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe relative arrival time of species can affect their interactions and thus determine which species persist in a community. Although this phenomenon, called priority effect, is widespread in natural communities, it is unclear how it depends on the length of growing season. Using a seasonal stage-structured model, we show that differences in stages of interacting species could generate priority effects by altering the strength of stabilizing and equalizing coexistence mechanisms, changing outcomes between exclusion, coexistence, and positive frequency dependence. However, these priority effects are strongest in systems with just one or a few generations per season and diminish in systems where many overlapping generations per season dilute the importance of stage-specific interactions. Our model reveals a novel link between the number of generations in a season and the consequences of priority effects, suggesting that consequences of phenological shifts driven by climate change should depend on specific life histories of organisms.
Developmental nutrition modulates metabolic responses to projected climate change
Authors: Alton Lesley A. , Kutz Teresa C. , Bywater Candice L. , Beaman Julian E. , Arnold Pieter A. , Mirth Christen K. , Sgrò Carla M. , White Craig R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The current policy has the world on track to experience around 3°C of warming by 2100. The responses of organisms to our warming world will be mediated by changes in physiological processes, including metabolic rate. Metabolic rate represents the energetic cost of living, and is fundamental to understanding the energy required to sustain populations. Current evidence indicates that animals have a limited capacity to adapt to warmer environments by reducing their metabolic rate. Consequently, animals may be more reliant on metabolic plasticity to ameliorate the thermodynamic effect of rising temperatures on physiological rates. However, metabolic plasticity is influenced by other environmental factors, including the nutritional quality of food. Elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 are expected to reduce the protein and increase the carbohydrate concentration in plants, but we do not know how this will affect the response of metabolic rate to climate warming.

Here we test the interactive effects of developmental dietary protein and carbohydrate concentrations on the metabolic plasticity of adult Drosophila melanogaster in response to a 3°C increase in temperature while accounting for variation associated with body mass and activity (resting metabolic rate).

We show that the thermal sensitivity of resting metabolic rate is modulated by developmental nutrition with animals reared on nutritionally poor, low‐protein diets showing the greatest increase in resting metabolic rate in response to simulated climate warming. We also show that if the nutritional quality of resources is unaffected by climate change, then temperature‐induced increases in resting metabolic rate will be offset by decreases in mass, but the absolute energy requirements of animals will be elevated relative to current conditions despite this. If, on the other hand, temperatures rise and resources become more calorie‐dense and carbohydrate‐rich, then the resting metabolic rate of animals will remain relatively unchanged, but decreases in mass and activity may drive down the absolute energy requirements of animals.

In the absence of evolutionary adaptation, these findings suggest that the combined plastic response of physiological, morphological and behavioural traits to temperature and nutrition may be an important determinant of the ultimate outcome of climate change for populations.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Trade‐offs between seed size and biotic interactions contribute to coexistence of co‐occurring species that vary in fecundity
Authors: Maron John L. , Hahn Philip G. , Hajek Karyn L. , Pearson Dean E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Despite theoretical advances, the ecological factors and functional traits that enable species varying in seed size and fecundity to coexist remain unclear. Given inherent fecundity advantages, why don't small‐seeded species dominate communities?

In perennial grasslands, we evaluated whether small‐seeded species are less tolerant of competition from the community dominant bunchgrass than large‐seeded species, but also less vulnerable to seed predation by mice. We also explored whether trade‐offs involving competitive tolerance include two other functional traits, height and leaf mass per area (LMA). We added seeds of 17 forb species to plots where bunchgrass competition and rodent seed predation were manipulated across sites varying in bunchgrass productivity and thus competitive intensity. Seeds were added at densities mimicking interspecific variation in fecundity among target species.

Standardizing for differences in fecundity (i.e. seed input, which enabled us to evaluate inherent interspecific differences in susceptibility to biotic interactions), bunchgrass competition more greatly reduced recruitment and establishment of small‐ versus large‐seeded species, whereas rodent seed predation more greatly reduced the recruitment of large‐ versus small‐seeded species. Plant height and LMA were unrelated to the competition effect size.

Small‐seeded species abundance decreased across sites increasing in bunchgrass productivity, whereas this was not the case for large‐seeded species. For adult plants but not seedlings, community‐weighted functional trait means (CWM) for seed size, height and LMA increased in plots with versus without bunchgrass competition and the CWM for seed size and height also increased at sites with greater bunchgrass productivity (for adults only). In contrast, rodent seed predation had no significant effects on CWM seed size.

At the end of the experiment, adult abundance positively correlated with plant fecundity in plots lacking bunchgrass, indicating the inherent advantages accrued to high fecundity small‐seeded species. However, with bunchgrass competition, abundances were equalized across species due to reduced competitive tolerance of high fecundity small‐seeded species.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that coexistence among subordinate forb species varying in seed size and fecundity is in‐part due to a trade‐off involving competitive tolerance and fecundity, mediated by seed size and associated functional traits.
Climate manipulations differentially affect plant population dynamics within versus beyond northern range limits
Authors: Reed Paul B. , Peterson Megan L. , Pfeifer‐Meister Laurel E. , Morris William F. , Doak Daniel F. , Roy Bitty A. , Johnson Bart R. , Bailes Graham T. , Nelson Aaron A. , Bridgham Scott D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Predicting species' range shifts under future climate is a central goal of conservation ecology. Studying populations within and beyond multiple species' current ranges can help identify whether demographic responses to climate change exhibit directionality, indicative of range shifts, and whether responses are uniform across a suite of species.

We quantified the demographic responses of six native perennial prairie species planted within and, for two species, beyond their northern range limits to a 3‐year experimental manipulation of temperature and precipitation at three sites spanning a latitudinal climate gradient in the Pacific Northwest, USA. We estimated population growth rates (λ) using integral projection models and tested for opposing responses to climate in different demographic vital rates (demographic compensation).

Where species successfully established reproductive populations, warming negatively affected λ at sites within species' current ranges. Contrarily, warming and drought positively affected λ for the two species planted beyond their northern range limits. Most species failed to establish a reproductive population at one or more sites within their current ranges, due to extremely low germination and seedling survival. We found little evidence of demographic compensation buffering populations to the climate treatments.

Synthesis. These results support predictions across a suite of species that ranges will need to shift with climate change as populations within current ranges become increasingly vulnerable to decline. Species capable of dispersing beyond their leading edges may be more likely to persist, as our evidence suggests that projected changes in climate may benefit such populations. If species are unable to disperse to new habitat on their own, assisted migration may need to be considered to prevent the widespread loss of vulnerable species.
A Community of Practice of primary health care occupational therapists: Advancing practice‐based knowledge
Authors: Marcolino Taís Q. , Kinsella Elizabeth A. , Araujo Angélica da S. , Fantinatti Eliane N. , Takayama Gabriela M. , Vieira Natália M. U. , Pereira Ana J. A. T. , Gomes Laysla D. , Galheigo Sandra M. , Ferigato Sabrina H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionNew contexts of practice demand that professionals engage in critical reflection to handle new situations and to create new knowledge that is responsive to professional practices situated in unique historical and social contexts. Community of Practice offers a framework for professions to reflect together on practice dilemmas and to generate practical solutions.MethodsThis paper presents a participatory action research project that traces the trajectory of a Community of Practice made up of seven occupational therapists working in primary health care and a researcher team, in Brazil. This study mapped the Community of Practice's trajectory between 2013 and 2017 through a group timeline analysis, which occurred gradually, in a collaborative mode.ResultsThree distinct phases in the trajectory of the development of the Community of Practice were identified: narrative perspectives were utilised as a means to identify dilemmas and difficulties in practice; the investigation of clients' needs and identification of issues was an ongoing process; and the generation of practice‐based knowledge through the development of instruments to sustain clinical reasoning was a creative solution to practical dilemmas.ConclusionThree main aspects were highlighted: the partnership between researchers and practitioners as a potential avenue for the production of knowledge relevant to professional practice; the negotiation of the dilemma of "putting practice into words" in the context of constantly changing local and global perspectives; and the investigation of situated practice as an important element that can strengthen, strain, resist or even modify hegemonic perspectives of knowledge production in our field.
The impact of coal and non‐coal consumption on China's energy performance improvement
Authors: Teng Xiangyu , Liu Fan‐peng , Chiu Yung‐ho 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChina is the world's largest energy consumer, and coal accounts for a higher proportion of the country's total energy consumption, yet during its 12th five‐year plan (2011–2015), the coal share among total energy consumption significantly decreased. Previous studies exploring energy performance typically used energy consumption as an input, but this lacks the analytical capacity for the structure of energy consumption. Thus, this study splits energy input into two different inputs, coal consumption and non‐coal energy consumption, and based on their differences with other variables, uses the hybrid dynamic data envelopment analysis model to assess the energy performance of China's provincial industrial sector during the period 2011 to 2015. We then compare coal consumption's and non‐coal consumption's rooms for improvement and conclude that provinces in eastern and central China should reduce the amount of coal consumption, thereby improving energy performance. Conversely, provinces in the western region should target a balance between energy utilization efficiency and coal consumption.
Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of flubendiamide resistance in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Li Jing‐Jing , Jin Ming‐Hui , Wang Nian‐Meng , Yu Qi‐Tong , Shang Ze‐Yu , Xue Chao‐Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is an important pest of crucifers worldwide. The extensive use of diamide insecticides has led to DBM resistance in the world, and this presents a serious threat to vegetable production. In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were combined to investigate the potential flubendiamide‐resistance mechanism in DBM. The lab‐selected (Rh) and field‐collected (Rb) flubendiamide‐resistant lines of P. xylostella with resistance ratios of 1889.92‐fold and 1250.97‐fold, respectively, were used, as well as a lab‐reared flubendiamide‐susceptible line (S). Compared with the S group, the transcriptomic analysis revealed 151 upregulated and 287 downregulated gene messengers in the Rh group and 432 upregulated and 565 downregulated gene messengers in the Rb group. The most frequently enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in metabolic pathways. Metabolism related genes, including two P450, two ABC transporters, and three trypsins, were upregulated in the Rh line. Additionally, some P450 genes, trypsin, juvenile hormone (JH), and mucin genes were also upregulated in the Rb line. In proteomic analysis comparisons with the S group, there were 78 upregulated and 90 downregulated proteins in the Rh group and 221 upregulated and 155 downregulated proteins in the Rb group. Further analyses found that three CYP and 11 CYP proteins were over‐expressed in Rh and Rb lines, respectively. Four glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and four UGTs were over‐expressed in Rb line. So, we deduced that the detoxification metabolism may be the main mechanism of flubendiamide resistance in P. xylostella.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae may serve as a probiotic in colorectal cancer by promoting cancer cell apoptosis
Authors: Li Jia Qi , Li Jia Lu , Xie Yuan Hong , Wang Yao , Shen Xiao Nan , Qian Yun , Han Ji Xuan , Chen Ying Xuan , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesShotgun metagenomic sequencing of human fecal samples has shown that Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is significantly suppressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and probably plays an important role in CRC progression. However, these results need to be validated. Here we aimed to confirm the results of high‐throughput sequencing and demonstrate the mechanisms mediating the effect of S. cerevisiae on progression from colorectal adenoma (CRA) to CRC.MethodsWe used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to examine the relative abundance of S. cerevisiae in 281 fecal samples collected from 106 healthy controls, 108 patients with CRA and 67 with CRC. C57BL/6 and APCMin/+ mouse models and in vitro cell assays were subsequntly used for additional analyses. The mouse models were treated or not treated with broad‐spectrum antibiotics and given an S. cerevisiae gavage for 8 weeks. Western blot, 16S rRNA sequencing, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, cell counting kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry were performed.ResultsS. cerevisiae was 2.68‐fold and 3.94‐fold less abundant in patients with CRA and CRC, respectively, than in the controls. In vivo experiments showed that S. cerevisiae reduced colorectal tumor progression by promoting epithelial cell apoptosis and modulated gut microbial structure and intestinal immunity. S. cerevisiae downregulated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells and the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Cell assays confirmed the pro‐apoptotic effect of S. cerevisiae.ConclusionsS. cerevisiae may play a probiotic role in CRC by promoting cancer cell apoptosis. It can reduce CRC progression by modulating the mucosal microbial structure.
Comparative secretome of white‐rot fungi reveals co‐regulated carbohydrate‐active enzymes associated with selective ligninolysis of ramie stalks
Authors: Xie Chunliang , Gong Wenbing , Zhu Zuohua , Zhou Yingjun , Xu Chao , Yan Li , Hu Zhenxiu , Ai Lianzhong , Peng Yuande 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn the present research, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Irpex Lacteus simultaneously degraded lignin and cellulose in ramie stalks, whereas Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii could depolymerize lignin but little cellulose. Comparative proteomic analysis of these four white‐rot fungi was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of this selective ligninolysis. 292 proteins, including CAZymes, sugar transporters, cytochrome P450, proteases, phosphatases and proteins with other function, were successfully identified. A total of 58 CAZyme proteins were differentially expressed, and at the same time, oxidoreductases participated in lignin degradation were expressed at higher levels in P. eryngii and P. ostreatus. Enzyme activity results indicated that cellulase activities were higher in P. chrysosporium and I. lacteus, while the activities of lignin‐degrading enzymes were higher in P. eryngii and P. ostreatus. In addition to the lignocellulosic degrading enzymes, several proteins including sugar transporters, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, peptidases, proteinases, phosphatases and kinases were also found to be differentially expressed among these four species of white‐rot fungi. In summary, the protein expression patterns of P. eryngii and P. ostreatus exhibit co‐upregulated oxidoreductase potential and co‐downregulated cellulolytic capability relative to those of P. chrysosporium and I. lacteus, providing a mechanism consistent with selective ligninolysis by P. eryngii and P. ostreatus.
The curse of knowledge: having access to customer information can reduce monopoly profits
Authors: Laussel Didier , Long Ngo V. , Resende Joana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show that a monopolist's profit is higher if he refrains from collecting coarse information on his customers, sticking to constant uniform pricing rather than recognizing customers' segments through their purchase history. In the Markov perfect equilibrium with coarse information collection, after each commitment period, a new introductory price is offered to attract new customers, creating a new market segment for price discrimination. Eventually, the whole market is covered. Shortening the commitment period results in lower profits. These results sharply differ from the ones obtained when the firm can uncover the exact willingness‐to‐pay of each previous customer.
Not knowing the competition: evidence and implications for auction design
Authors: Kong Yunmi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn a government auction program where first‐price auctions generate significantly higher revenue than English auctions, I document evidence that bidders are uncertain about the number of auction entrants. Motivated by additional data evidence, I estimate a structural model of auctions in which rivals' participation is stochastic, allowing for bidders' risk aversion and asymmetry. Counterfactual simulations reveal that bidders' uncertainty about the number of entrants, combined with risk aversion, substantially softens the revenue impact of low competition in first‐price auctions. This explains the observed revenue patterns and uncovers an empirically important reason for sellers to favor first‐price auctions over English auctions.
Intermediaries and product quality in used car markets
Authors: Biglaiser Gary , Li Fei , Murry Charles , Zhou Yiyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present empirical evidence supporting that used cars sold by dealers have higher quality: (i) dealer transaction prices are higher than unmediated market prices, and this dealer premium increases in the age of the car as a ratio and is hump‐shaped in dollar value, and (ii) used cars purchased from dealers are less likely to be resold. In a model, we show that these empirical facts can be rationalized either when dealers alleviate information asymmetry, or when dealers facilitate assortative matching. The model predictions allow us to distinguish these two theories in the data, and we find evidence for both.
Intermittent self‐administration of fentanyl induces a multifaceted addiction state associated with persistent changes in the orexin system
Authors: Fragale Jennifer E. , James Morgan H. , Aston‐Jones Gary 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe orexin (hypocretin) system plays a critical role in motivated drug taking. Cocaine self‐administration with the intermittent access (IntA) procedure produces a robust addiction‐like state that is orexin‐dependent. Here, we sought to determine the role of the orexin system in opioid addiction using IntA self‐administration of fentanyl. Different groups of male rats were either given continuous access in 1‐h period (short access [ShA]), 6‐h period (long access [LgA]), or IntA (5 min of access separated by 25 min of no access for 6 h) to fentanyl for 14 days. IntA produced a greater escalation of fentanyl intake, increased motivation for fentanyl on a behavioral economics task, persistent drug seeking during abstinence, and stronger cue‐induced reinstatement compared with rats given ShA or LgA. We found that addiction behaviors induced by IntA to fentanyl were reversed by the orexin‐1 receptor antagonist SB‐334867. IntA to fentanyl was also associated with a persistent increase in the number of orexin neurons. Together, these results indicate that the IntA model is a useful tool in the study of opioid addiction and that the orexin system is critical for the maintenance of addiction behaviors induced by IntA self‐administration of fentanyl.
SF‐6D utility scores for alcohol use disorder status and alcohol consumption risk levels in the US population
Authors: Barbosa Carolina , Bray Jeremy W. , Dowd William N. , Barnosky Alan , Wittenberg Eve 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate US population health utilities for subgroups defined by alcohol use disorder (AUD) status and consumption level.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingCommunity settings in the United States (i.e. excluding institutional settings).ParticipantsA total of 36,042 adults (age 18+) in non‐institutional settings in the United States.MeasurementsWe used 12‐item Short Form Survey (SF‐12) data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III to calculate mean Short Form–6 dimension (SF‐6D) utility scores across World Health Organization alcohol consumption risk levels—very high risk, high risk, medium risk, low risk and an additional abstinent level—for three groups: (1) the general population (n = 36,042), (2) individuals with life‐time AUD (n = 9925) and (3) individuals with current AUD (n = 5083), and assessed minimally important differences (MIDs) between consumption levels. Each group is a subset of the previous group.FindingsThe general population's mean SF‐6D utility was higher than that of individuals with life‐time or current AUD across all consumption risk levels (0.79 versus 0.76 for both AUD groups). For all groups, SF‐6D utilities increased as consumption risk level decreased to non‐abstinent levels, and reducing consumption from very high risk to any lower level was associated with a statistically significant and meaningful improvement in utility. For individuals with life‐time or current AUD, becoming abstinent from high‐, medium‐ and low‐risk levels was associated with significantly and meaningfully worse utilities.ConclusionsHigher alcohol consumption risk levels appear to be associated with lower health index scores for the general population and individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder, meaning that higher alcohol consumption is associated with worse health‐related quality of life.