bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welche Faktoren fördern und behindern die Umsetzung
migrationssensibler Versorgung?
Authors: Aksakal Tuğba , Yılmaz-Aslan Yüce , Langbrandtner Jana , Deck Ruth , Razum Oliver , Brzoska Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund nehmen trotz eines
höheren Bedarfs rehabilitative Leistungen seltener in Anspruch und
weisen ungünstigere Ergebnisse auf als Menschen ohne
Migrationshintergrund. Migrationssensible Versorgungsstrategien können
einen Beitrag leisten, Barrieren abzubauen, denen Menschen mit
Migrationshintergrund im Gesundheitssystem begegnen. Ziel der vorliegenden
Studie ist es, hindernde und fördernde Faktoren für die
Implementierung solcher Strategien aus der Perspektive von Gesundheitspersonal
zu ermitteln.
Methodik Die Untersuchung basiert auf 8 qualitativen
leitfadengestützten Fokusgruppeninterviews mit insgesamt 50
MitarbeiterInnen unterschiedlicher Berufsgruppen in orthopädischen
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Nordrhein-Westfalen und Schleswig-Holstein.
Ergebnisse Das Gesundheitspersonal erachtet eine migrationssensible
Versorgung als notwendig und ist motiviert, entsprechende Maßnahmen
umzusetzen. Als Hindernis für die Implementierung werden v. a. fehlende
personelle und finanzielle Ressourcen genannt, u.a. für das Einstellen
zusätzlicher mehrsprachiger MitarbeiterInnen. Optimierungspotenziale
wurden im Hinblick auf die fehlende Migrationssensibilität von
Versorgungsträgern gesehen.
Schlussfolgerung Die aufgezeigten Barrieren müssen
überwunden werden, um den Einsatz migrationssensibler
Versorgungskonzepte zu fördern. Diese können der Ausgangspunkt
für eine über Migrationssensibilität hinausgehende
diversitätssensible Versorgung sein, die auch der Rolle weiterer
Diversitätsmerkmale Rechnung trägt.
The Unique Bioorthogonal Chemistry of Isonitriles
Authors: Franzini Raphael M. , Deb Titas 
Published: March 2020

The isocyano group is the structurally most compact bioorthogonal group known. It reacts with tetrazines under physiological conditions and has great potential for widespread use in the biosciences. In this account, we highlight the unique properties of the isocyano group as a bioorthogonal functionality. Protecting group chemistry based on the reaction of isonitriles and tetrazines that allows releasing payloads is a particular focus of the article. We further discuss the atypical steric attractions that take place in the transition state of the reaction between isonitriles and tetrazines, which result in an increase in the rate of the reaction with steric bulk of the tetrazine substituents. These findings will open up new possibilities in bioorthogonal chemistry where reactivity and stability are simultaneously desired.1	Introduction2	The Isocyano Group: A Structurally Compact Group for Bioorthogonal Chemistry3	Bioorthogonal Protecting Group Chemistry4	Steric Attractions in the Transition State Accelerate the Cycloaddition of Isonitriles and Tetrazines5	Reactions of Tetrazines and Isonitriles are Compatible with Biomolecules and Living Organisms6	Conclusions
Mapping Patient Data to Colorectal Cancer Clinical Algorithms for Personalized Guideline-Based Treatment
Authors: Becker Matthias , Böckmann Britta , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Stuschke Martin , Paul Andreas , Kasper Stefan , Virchow Isabel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in Germany, and the second and third most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and men, respectively. In this context, evidence-based guidelines positively impact the quality of treatment processes for cancer patients. However, evidence of their impact on real-world patient care remains unclear. To ensure the success of clinical guidelines, a fast and clear provision of knowledge at the point of care is essential.
Objectives The objectives of this study are to model machine-readable clinical algorithms for colon carcinoma and rectal carcinoma annotated by Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) based on clinical guidelines and the development of an open-source workflow system for mapping clinical algorithms with patient-specific information to identify patient's position on the treatment algorithm for guideline-based therapy recommendations.
Methods This study qualitatively assesses the therapy decision of clinical algorithms as part of a clinical pathway. The solution uses rule-based clinical algorithms, which were developed based on the corresponding guidelines. These algorithms are executed on a newly developed open-source workflow system and are visualized at the point of care. The aim of this approach is to create clinical algorithms based on an established business process standard, the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), which is annotated by UMLS terminologies. The gold standard for the validation process was set by manual extraction of clinical datasets from 86 rectal cancer patients and 89 colon cancer patients.
Results Using this approach, the algorithm achieved a precision value of 87.64% for colon cancer and 84.70% for rectal cancer with recall values of 87.64 and 83.72%, respectively.
Conclusion The results indicate that the automatic positioning of a patient on the decision pathway is possible with tumor stages that have a less complex clinical algorithm with fewer decision points reaching a higher accuracy than complex stages.
Efficacy of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Bakri Intrauterine Balloon Placement: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review
Authors: Nagase Yoshikazu , Matsuzaki Shinya , Kawanishi Yoko , Nakagawa Satoshi , Kakigano Aiko , Takiuchi Tsuyoshi , Mimura Kazuya , Tomimatsu Takuji , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Bakri intrauterine balloon (BIUB) placement is an effective treatment for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). This study aims to evaluate the risk of infection during BIUB placement.
Study Design Data for all deliveries (n = 2,144) at our institution between January 2014 and March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients diagnosed with PPH (n = 758) were included in our analysis, further divided into BIUB (n = 80) and non-BIUB groups (n = 678), and subdivided into vaginal delivery (VD), elective cesarean delivery (CD), and emergency CD groups. Postpartum endometritis rate was compared in each group. A single dose of prophylactic antibiotics was administered for BIUB placement in the VD group. In the CD groups, antibiotics were administered preoperatively once, and no additional antibiotics for BIUB placement were administered. To obtain an antibiotics administration protocol to be applied during BIUB placement, we electronically searched the PubMed and Scopus databases.
Results No significant differences were observed in endometritis rates between BIUB and non-BIUB groups of all groups. In the literature review, of 27 suitable publications identified, multiple doses of antibiotics were administered in 17 (62.9%) studies and none investigated the efficacy of a protocol for antibiotic.
Conclusion Our protocol might be effective and sufficient in preventing postpartum BIUB placement-related endometritis.
Translating swear words from English into Galician in film subtitles
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs stated byJay and Janschewitz (2008), the primary pragmatic function of swear words is to express emotions, such as anger and frustration. The main objective of the present paper is to analyse the translation of the two commonest English swear words,fuckandshit(Jay 2009: 156) – together with their morphological variants – into Galician. The research instrument used for this purpose has been the Veiga Corpus, a bilingual English-Galician corpus of subtitles. Regarding the results obtained in this study, the most frequent solution has been pragmatic correspondence, followed by omission, softening, and de-swearing. However, descending in the analysis, clear differences emerge between the treatment of the two words. Thus, the tendency to sanitize the Galician subtitles by omitting, neutralizing or smoothing swearwords is much more evident in the case offuck. This finding may be explained by the difference in tone between the two taboo words analysed. Asshitis considered milder, translators may feel there is no need to tone it down. In addition, whileshithas a literal translation which is perfectly natural in Galician, that is not the case withfuck. Finally, the grammatical category variable has also been found to have an effect on the choice of translation solution.
Trees, assemblies, chains, and windows
Authors: Langacker Ronald W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For describing grammatical organization, metaphors based on a variety of source domains – including trees,
networks, chains, paths, and windows – all appear to have some validity. In Cognitive Grammar, they pertain to facets of
assemblies, where semantic and phonological structures are connected by relations of symbolization, composition, and
categorization. Assemblies have a temporal dimension; consisting in sequenced processing activity that runs concurrently on
different time scales, they involve both seriality and hierarchy. In their hierarchical aspect, they are comparable to
constituency trees, and in their connections, to dependency trees. Assembly elements, which can be characterized at any level of
specificity, are connected in both syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. A person’s linguistic ability comprises a vast assembly
of conventional units, a portion of which are activated as part of the transient assembly constituting a particular expression.
Lexicon and grammar effect the implementation of semantic functions – affective, interactive, descriptive, and discursive – which
emerge with varying degrees of salience depending on their symbolization by segmental, prosodic, and other means. Assemblies thus
make possible a unified approach to processing, structure, function, and use.
From construction grammar to embodied construction practice
Authors: De Knop Sabine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, foreign language pedagogy has recognized the need to focus on larger meaningful sequences of words and on communicative goals. Construction grammar (CxG) has a number of assets to address these issues. First, with the postulate of meaningful schematic templates, CxG makes it possible to establish a structured inventory of abstract constructions. In this paper, this is illustrated by the inventory of German constructions with the prepositionbis‘up to, until’. Second, constructions, having a certain degree of schematicity, are particularly suitable to be practiced as whole sequences. Interactive activities based on ‘embodied teaching and learning’ can help foster the entrenchment of constructions.
Advances in Embodied Construction Grammar
Authors: Feldman Jerome A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the continuing goals and present status of the ICSI/UC Berkeley efforts on Embodied
Construction Grammar (ECG). ECG is semantics-based formalism grounded in cognitive linguistics. ECG is the most explicitly
inter-disciplinary of the construction grammars with deep links to computation, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Work
continues on core cognitive, computational, and linguistic issues, including aspects of the mind/body problem. Much of the recent
emphasis has been on applications and on tools to facilitate new applications. Extensive documentation plus downloadable systems
and grammars can be found at the ECG Homepage.1
The evolution of the elevator pictogram
Authors: Schlaich Sibylle , Meier-Walter Anita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study draws attention to the challenging perception of two public information pictograms, ‘elevator’ and ‘toilet’. Both indicate the location of a destination. Although the semantic information is completely different, both pictograms partly depict the same: front view of standing human figures. In certain contexts (e.g., at airports or train stations), with people in a hurry and with users from different cultures, this can lead to confusion. In addition, the representation of human figures is increasingly being questioned on the basis of public and political discussions on gender issues. Moreover, attention to accessibility is also being incorporated in these two pictograms. Thus, both pictograms are undergoing an evolutionary process in order to meet current requirements. Do more messages require more complex pictograms? As a starting point, we conducted a comprehension test based on the method recommended by iso 9186-1. The results showed trends, but some questions regarding the two pictograms were not clearly understood by the test group members. Therefore, we conducted another test designed to determine the limits of the graphics depicted in these pictograms. We hope this study will help raise awareness about these issues. Finally, we offer five pointers for consideration when designing the elevator pictogram in the future.
The great temptation
Authors: Hilpert Martin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the potential large diachronic corpora hold for
the study of social change. Resources such as COHA or Google Books
allow us to detect shifts in the frequencies of linguistic elements, which can then be
interpreted as reflections of developments in society. This paper addresses the
practicalities of this question in two parts. The theoretical part surveys a series of
problems that need to be controlled for in analyses of diachronic textual data. The
second part implements these ideas in a study of the English
make-causative over the past 150 years. Examining the variables of
animacy and verb semantics, the study explores whether the diminishing social value of
interpersonal authority is reflected in changing patterns of language use.
Semantic neology
Authors: Renouf Antoinette 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study deals with contemporary real-world social change and its
linguistic expression by means of neosemes, with the help of the WebCorpLSE automated
collocation analysis software. The study briefly outlines the history and pattern of
diffusion of each of the five user-defined neosemes, noting where possible the tipping
point of popularization. We examine these modern neosemes in a series of case studies,
focussing on the challenges faced in this task, for instance in the form of rarity of
occurrence, as emergent or ephemeral formations. The functionality of the software is
examined in each case, in order to demonstrate various measures which can be undertaken
to allow or enhance its performance in teasing out collocational profiles from sparse
data.
That’s absolutely fine
Authors: Aijmer Karin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates the meanings and functions of the
intensifier absolutely, both synchronically and diachronically. The
research questions are asked against the background of absolutely
becoming more frequent over a short period of time as shown by a comparison of the
BNC1994 and the BNC2014. The results show that the developments undergone by
absolutely can be described as a trajectory from degree modifier to
emphasizer and to discourse marker, as absolutely increases in
subjectivity. The description of the semantic and pragmatic developments also requires a
sociolinguistic analysis of factors such as age and gender. The analysis shows that
young speakers use it less often than older speakers and that it was first used by male
speakers and only later by females.
The development and pragmatic function of a non-inference marker
Authors: Brinton Laurel J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

That is not to say (that) is an introductory
clause refuting an inference that could be drawn from the previous discourse; it often
occurs in a negative context (with a positive reading) and is characteristic of written
genres, with lowest frequency in fiction. The earliest examples date from the 16th
century but the next examples found date from the mid- to late-19th century. The gap in
the corpus data may be explained by the predominantly fiction/drama make-up of available
corpora. The development of that is not to say (that) is not an
entirely prototypical case of grammaticalization as certain parameters (loss of
that, contracted forms) are inconclusive and there are no ‘lexical’
uses of the form and hence no ‘divergence’.
Influence of self-heating on the millimeter-wave and terahertz performance of MBE grown silicon IMPATT diodes
Authors: Mukhopadhyay S. J. , Mukherjee Prajukta , Acharyya Aritra , Mitra Monojit 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The influence of self-heating on the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) performance of double-drift region (DDR) impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) sources based on silicon (Si) has been investigated in this paper. The dependences of static and large-signal parameters on junction temperature are estimated using a non-sinusoidal voltage excited (NSVE) large-signal simulation technique developed by the authors, which is based on the quantum-corrected drift-diffusion (QCDD) model. Linear variations of static parameters and non-linear variations of large-signal parameters with temperature have been observed. Analytical expressions representing the temperature dependences of static and large-signal parameters of the diodes are developed using linear and 2nd degree polynomial curve fitting techniques, which will be highly useful for optimizing the thermal design of the oscillators. Finally, the simulated results are found to be in close agreement with the experimentally measured data.
Enhancement of photocatalytic activity by femtosecond-laser induced periodic surface structures of Si
Authors: Satapathy P. , Pfuch A. , Grunwald R. , Das S. K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) represent a kind of top down approach to produce highly reproducible nano/microstructures without going for any sophisticated process of lithography. This method is much simpler and cost effective. In this work, LIPSS on Si surfaces were generated using femtosecond laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength. Photocatalytic substrates were prepared by depositing TiO2 thin films on top of the structured and unstructured Si wafer. The coatings were produced by sputtering from a Ti target in two different types of oxygen atmospheres. In first case, the oxygen pressure within the sputtering chamber was chosen to be high (3 × 10–2 mbar) whereas it was one order of magnitude lower in second case (2.1 × 10–3 mbar). In photocatalytic dye decomposition study of Methylene blue dye it was found that in the presence of LIPSS the activity can be enhanced by 2.1 and 3.3 times with high pressure and low pressure grown TiO2 thin films, respectively. The increase in photocatalytic activity is attributed to the enlargement of effective surface area. In comparative study, the dye decomposition rates of TiO2 thin films grown on LIPSS are found to be much higher than the value for standard reference thin film material Pilkington ActivTM.
Simulation analysis of a high efficiency GaInP/Si multijunction solar cell
Authors: Benaicha M. , Dehimi L. , Pezzimenti F. , Bouzid F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The solar power conversion efficiency of a gallium indium phosphide (GaInP)/silicon (Si) tandem solar cell has been investigated by means of a physical device simulator considering both mechanically stacked and monolithic structures. In particular, to interconnect the bottom and top sub-cells of the monolithic tandem, a gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based tunnel-junction, i.e. GaAs(n+)/GaAs(p+), which assures a low electrical resistance and an optically low-loss connection, has been considered. The J–V characteristics of the single junction cells, monolithic tandem, and mechanically stacked structure have been calculated extracting the main photovoltaic parameters. An analysis of the tunnel-junction behaviour has been also developed. The mechanically stacked cell achieves an efficiency of 24.27% whereas the monolithic tandem reaches an efficiency of 31.11% under AM1.5 spectral conditions. External quantum efficiency simulations have evaluated the useful wavelength range. The results and discussion could be helpful in designing high efficiency monolithic multijunction GaInP/Si solar cells involving a thin GaAs(n+)/GaAs(p+) tunnel junction.
Trends in urban land expansion, density, and land transitions from 1970 to 2010: a global synthesis
Authors: Güneralp Burak , Reba Meredith , Hales Billy U , Wentz Elizabeth A , Seto Karen C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The physical expansion of urban areas lead to lasting impacts on landscapes and livelihoods. Here, we conduct a global synthesis of trends in urban land expansion, in urban population densities, and lands converted into urban from 1970 to 2010. We find that small-medium urban areas lead their larger counterparts in both rates of urban land expansion and decreases in urban population densities. Urban population densities have consistently declined only in India, China, North America, and Europe with significant exceptions across city sizes. Over 60% of the reported urban expansion was formerly agricultural land with China, Southeast Asia, and Europe in the lead. Counterfactual analysis suggests that, due to the decrease in urban population densities, an estimated 125 000 km2 land was converted to urban land uses that could have otherwise remained in cultivation or as natural vegetation. In particular, in India and Nigeria, with much of their populations dependent on agriculture, 85% and 30% more land, respectively, was converted to urban land due to decreasing urban population densities. With increasing urbanization, proactive management of urban land expansion, especially in small and medium cities, will be critical for saving agricultural lands in peri-urban regions while creating equitable and affordable urban landscapes.
Does postoperative delirium following elective noncardiac surgery predict long-term mortality?
Authors: Ziman Nathan , Sands Laura P , Tang Christopher , Zhu Jiafeng , Leung Jacqueline M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
to determine whether incident postoperative delirium in elective older surgical patient was associated with increased risk for mortality, controlling for covariates of 5-year mortality.

Design
secondary analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Setting
academic Medical Center.

Subjects
patients ≥65 years of age undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery.

Outcomes
postoperative assessments of delirium measured using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), mortality within 5 years of the index surgery was determined from National Death Index records.

Results
postoperative delirium occurred in 332/1,315 patients (25%). Five years after surgery, 175 patients (13.3%) were deceased. Older age was associated with an increased odds of mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.70] for those aged 70–79 years compared to those aged &lt;70 years, and OR 3.29, 95% CI 2.14–5.06 for those aged &gt;80 years. Other variables associated with 5-year mortality on bi-variate analyses were white race, self-rated functional status, lower preoperative cognitive status, higher risk score as measured by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, higher surgical risk score, history of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, renal disease, cancer, peripheral vascular disease and postoperative delirium. However, postoperative delirium was not associated with 5-year mortality on multi-variate logistic regression (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.85–1.65).

Conclusions
our results showed that delirium was not associated with 5-year mortality in elective surgical patients after consideration of co-variates of mortality. Our results suggest the importance of accounting for known preoperative risks for mortality when investigating the relationship between delirium and long-term mortality.