bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional Lithium Storage on Dynamic Electrode Surface by Charge Redistribution in Inactive Ru Metal
Authors: Kim Yunok , Um Ji Hyun , Lee Hyunjoon , Choi Woosung , Choi Woon Ih , Lee Hyo Sug , Kim Ok‐Hee , Kim Ji Man , Cho Yong‐Hun , Yoon Won‐Sub 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBeyond a traditional view that metal nanoparticles formed upon electrochemical reaction are inactive against lithium, recently their electrochemical participations are manifested and elucidated as catalytic and interfacial effects. Here, ruthenium metal composed of ≈5 nm nanoparticles is prepared and the pure ruthenium as a lithium‐ion battery anode for complete understanding on anomalous lithium storage reaction mechanism is designed. In particular, the pure metal electrode is intended for eliminating the electrochemical reaction‐derived Li2O phase accompanied by catalytic Li2O decomposition and the interfacial lithium storage at Ru/Li2O phase boundary, and thereby focusing on the ruthenium itself in exploring its electrochemical reactivity. Intriguingly, unusual lithium storage not involving redox reactions with electron transfer but leading to lattice expansion is identified in the ruthenium electrode. Size‐dependent charge redistribution at surface enables additional lithium adsorption to occur on the inactive but more environmentally sensitive nanoparticles, providing innovative insight into dynamic electrode environments in rechargeable lithium chemistry.
Congruence from the operator’s point of view
Authors: Gazda Maciej , Fokkink Wan , Massaro Vittorio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA basic sanity property of a process semantics is that it constitutes a congruence with respect to standard process operators. This issue has been traditionally addressed by developing, for a specific process semantics, a syntactic format for operational semantics specifications. We suggest a novel, orthogonal approach, which focuses on a specific process operator and determines a class of congruence relations for this operator. To this end, we impose syntactic restrictions on Hennessy–Milner logic, so that a process semantics whose modal characterization satisfies those criteria is guaranteed to be a congruence with respect to the operator in question. We investigate alternative composition, action prefix, projection, encapsulation, renaming, and parallel composition with communication, in the context of both concrete and weak process semantics.
The phosphite oxidoreductase gene, ptxD as a bio-contained chloroplast marker and crop-protection tool for algal biotechnology using Chlamydomonas
Authors: Changko Saowalak , Rajakumar Priscilla D. , Young Rosanna E. B. , Purton Saul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEdible microalgae have potential as low-cost cell factories for the production and oral delivery of recombinant proteins such as vaccines, anti-bacterials and gut-active enzymes that are beneficial to farmed animals including livestock, poultry and fish. However, a major economic and technical problem associated with large-scale cultivation of microalgae, even in closed photobioreactors, is invasion by contaminating microorganisms. Avoiding this requires costly media sterilisation, aseptic techniques during set-up and implementation of ‘crop-protection’ strategies during cultivation. Here, we report a strain improvement approach in which the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is engineered to allow oxidation of phosphite to its bio-available form: phosphate. We have designed a synthetic version of the bacterial gene (ptxD)-encoding phosphite oxidoreductase such that it is highly expressed in the chloroplast but has a Trp→Opal codon reassignment for bio-containment of the transgene. Under mixotrophic conditions, the growth rate of the engineered alga is unaffected when phosphate is replaced with phosphite in the medium. Furthermore, under non-sterile conditions, growth of contaminating microorganisms is severely impeded in phosphite medium. This, therefore, offers the possibility of producing algal biomass under non-sterile conditions. The ptxD gene can also serve as a dominant marker for genetic engineering of any C. reinhardtii strain, thereby avoiding the use of antibiotic resistance genes as markers and allowing the ‘retro-fitting’ of existing engineered strains. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the application of our ptxD technology to a strain expressing a subunit vaccine targeting a major viral pathogen of farmed fish.
Sparsity of solutions for variational inverse problems with finite-dimensional data
Authors: Bredies Kristian , Carioni Marcello 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we characterize sparse solutions for variational problems of the form$$\min _{u\in X} \phi (u) + F(\mathcal {A}u)$$minu∈Xϕ(u)+F(Au), whereXis a locally convex space,$$\mathcal {A}$$Ais a linear continuous operator that maps into a finite dimensional Hilbert space and$$\phi $$ϕis a seminorm. More precisely, we prove that there exists a minimizer that is “sparse” in the sense that it is represented as a linear combination of the extremal points of the unit ball associated with the regularizer$$\phi $$ϕ(possibly translated by an element in the null space of$$\phi $$ϕ). We apply this result to relevant regularizers such as the total variation seminorm and the Radon norm of a scalar linear differential operator. In the first example, we provide a theoretical justification of the so-called staircase effect and in the second one, we recover the result in Unser et al. (SIAM Rev 59(4):769–793, 2017) under weaker hypotheses.
Specific domains of early parenting, their heritability and differential association with adolescent behavioural and emotional disorders and academic achievement
Authors: Culpin Iryna , Bornstein Marc H. , Putnick Diane L. , Sallis Hannah , Lee Ruby , Cordero Miguel , Rajyaguru Priya , Kordas Katarzyna , Cadman Tim , Pearson Rebecca M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVariations in parenting across large populations have rarely been described. It also remains unclear which specific domains of parenting are important for which specific offspring developmental outcomes. This study describes different domains of early parenting behaviours and their genetic heritability, then determines the extent to which specific domains of parenting are associated with later offspring outcomes. Parenting behaviours (birth to 3 years) were extracted from self-reported questionnaires administered to 12,358 mothers from the UK-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and modelled as a latent factor using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Genetic heritability and correlations between parenting factors were estimated using genome-wide complex trait analysis. Three parenting factors were derived: parental enjoyment, conflictual relationships and stimulation; all showed low genetic heritability. There was no evidence of association between parental enjoyment and offspring behavioural disorders and depressed mood. Stimulation was associated with better English grades (standardisedβ = 0.195,p < 0.001) and enjoyment was negatively associated with English grades (β = − 0.244,p =  < 0.001). Conflictual relationships were associated with higher risk of offspring behavioural disorders (β = 0.228,p = 0.010) and depressed mood (β = 0.077,p = 0.005). Higher enjoyment reduced the association between conflict and behavioural problems (interaction termβ = 0.113,p < 0.001). We found evidence for predictive specificity of early parenting domains for offspring outcomes in adolescence. Early stimulation, unlike enjoyment, promoted later educational achievement. Conflictual relationships were associated with greater risk of behavioural problems, buffered by increased enjoyment. These findings hold implications for parenting interventions, guiding their focus according to the specificity of parenting domains and their long-term outcomes in children.
Temporal trends of 137Cs concentration in seawaters and bottom sediments in coastal waters around Japan: implications for the Kd concept in the dynamic marine environment
Authors: Kusakabe Masashi , Takata Hyoe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRadioactivity concentrations of 137Cs in seawaters and bottom sediments have been measured in the coastal waters off all nuclear power plant sites in Japan. Sediment distribution coefficient (Kd) values obtained before the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident were variable and related to the specific surface area of the bottom sediment. A mathematical model suggested that before the accident the Kd values were in the transient state approaching a dynamic equilibrium with a converged Kd value of 1000–1600. Based on a post-accident mathematical model, the apparent Kd reached the maximum of about 104 and then decreased until now, converging to 6 × 103 on average.
Magnesium biofortification of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) via agronomy and breeding as a potential way to reduce grass tetany in grazing ruminants
Authors: Kumssa Diriba B. , Lovatt J. Alan , Graham Neil S. , Palmer Sarah , Hayden Rory , Wilson Lolita , Young Scott D. , Lark R. Murray , Penrose Beth , Ander E. Louise , Thompson Russell , Jiang Lin-Xi , Broadley Martin R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aim
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency (known as grass tetany) is a serious metabolic disorder that affects grazing ruminants. We tested whether Mg-fertiliser can increase Mg concentration of Italian ryegrasses (Lolium multiflorum L.) including a cultivar (cv. Bb2067; ‘Magnet’), bred to accumulate larger concentrations of Mg.

Methods
Under controlled environment (CE) conditions, three cultivars (cv. Bb2067, cv. Bb2068, cv. RvP) were grown in low-nutrient compost at six fertiliser rates (0–1500 μM MgCl2.6H2O). Under field conditions, the three cultivars in the CE condition and cv. Alamo were grown at two sites, and four rates of MgSO4 fertiliser application rates (0–200 kg ha−1 MgO). Multiple grass cuts were taken over two-years.

Results
Grass Mg concentration increased with increasing Mg-fertiliser application rates in all cultivars and conditions. Under field conditions, cv. Bb2067 had 11–73% greater grass Mg concentration and smaller forage tetany index (FTI) than other cultivars across the Mg-fertiliser application rates, sites and cuts. Grass dry matter (DM) yield of cv. Bb2067 was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than cv. Alamo. The effect of Mg-fertiliser rate on DM yield was not significant (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions
Biofortification of grass with Mg through breeding and agronomy can improve the forage Mg concentration for grazing ruminants, even in high-growth spring grass conditions when hypomagnesaemia is most prevalent. Response to agronomic biofortification varied with cultivar, Mg-fertiliser rate, site and weather. The cost:benefit of these approaches and farmer acceptability, and the impact on cattle and sheep grazing on grasses biofortified with Mg requires further investigation.
Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE): Women’s Engagement with the Scaled-up IMAGE Programme and Experience of Intimate Partner Violence in Rural South Africa
Authors: Knight L , Ranganathan M , Abramsky T , Polzer-Ngwato T , Muvhango L , Molebatsi M , Stöckl H , Lees S , Watts C 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) programme has been scaled up to three provinces in South Africa. This paper explores associations between women’s engagement in the intervention, intimate partner violence (IPV) and factors associated with IPV and partner abuse. We enrolled women receiving group-based microfinance loans plus gender training into the scaled-up IMAGE cohort study (n = 860). We present cross-sectional analysis on participants’ characteristics and intervention engagement and use multivariate logistic regression to explore associations. 17% of women reported lifetime (95% CI 15 to 20%) and 7% past year (95% CI 5 to 9%) IPV, 9% past-year economic (95% CI 7 to 11%) and 11% past-year emotional (95% CI 9 to 14%) abuse. Women under 35 years had higher levels of IPV and emotional abuse. 53% of women attended all the trainings, 83% continuously borrowed and 98% agreed the training had a major impact on their life. Attendance was associated with improved partner relationships (χ2p < 0.001), but not lower IPV risk. Odds of past-year IPV decreased the more types of support (e.g. advice) women received from group members (aOR 0.27, p < 0.001 among those reporting all support versus none or some). A similar pattern was seen for economic, but not emotional, abuse. The scaled-up IMAGE intervention is widely acceptable and may support improvements in partner relationships, but younger women need to be targeted. Group support appears to be a potentially important component of the intervention.
Constraining the Evolutionary History of the Moon and the Inner Solar System: A Case for New Returned Lunar Samples
Authors: Tartèse Romain , Anand Mahesh , Gattacceca Jérôme , Joy Katherine H. , Mortimer James I. , Pernet-Fisher John F. , Russell Sara , Snape Joshua F. , Weiss Benjamin P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Moon is the only planetary body other than the Earth for which samples have been collectedin situby humans and robotic missions and returned to Earth. Scientific investigations of the first lunar samples returned by the Apollo 11 astronauts 50 years ago transformed the way we think most planetary bodies form and evolve. Identification of anorthositic clasts in Apollo 11 samples led to the formulation of the magma ocean concept, and by extension the idea that the Moon experienced large-scale melting and differentiation. This concept of magma oceans would soon be applied to other terrestrial planets and large asteroidal bodies. Dating of basaltic fragments returned from the Moon also showed that a relatively small planetary body could sustain volcanic activity for more than a billion years after its formation. Finally, studies of the lunar regolith showed that in addition to containing a treasure trove of the Moon’s history, it also provided us with a rich archive of the past 4.5 billion years of evolution of the inner Solar System. Further investigations of samples returned from the Moon over the past five decades led to many additional discoveries, but also raised new and fundamental questions that are difficult to address with currently available samples, such as those related to the age of the Moon, duration of lunar volcanism, the lunar paleomagnetic field and its intensity, and the record on the Moon of the bombardment history during the first billion years of evolution of the Solar System. In this contribution, we review the information we currently have on some of the key science questions related to the Moon and discuss how future sample-return missions could help address important knowledge gaps.
Central Nervous System Changes in Pelvic Inflammation/Pain Patients
Authors: Asiri Mohammad Dhafer , Banjar Rowaa , Al-Qahtani Wadha , Goodarzynejad Hamidreza , Hassouna Magdy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCentralized pain syndromes (CPS), including chronic pelvic pain (CPP) syndrome, are significant public health problems with prevalence more than diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease. A variety of pathologies are linked with CPP syndrome; however, pain often continues without the presence of pathology, or when an underlying pelvic disease is found, the extent and severity of pain are disproportionate. Although this is not a systematic review, we performed a detailed literature search to identify relevant papers and to provide the available evidence for central changes in association with CPP syndrome.Recent FindingsRecent advances in brain imaging techniques have provided more accurate data on gray matter volume, functional connectivity, and metabolite levels in the pain-relevant areas of the brain. The present evidence shows that like other chronic pain conditions, the CPP syndrome is associated with central nervous system (CNS) alterations. In particular, these include changes in brain structure, in the activity of both the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system, and in the behavioral and central response to noxious stimulation.SummaryA growing body of evidence, mostly from neuroimaging, suggests that for many patients with CPP, the pain may be associated to changes in both structure and function of the CNS. The treatment of pain symptoms, even without the presence of identifiable pathology, may prevent the development or at least minimize the progression of long-term central changes. These findings support the use of new therapeutic strategies targeting the CNS for controlling of pain in CPP conditions.
On some recent progress in the classification of $$(P\hbox { and }Q)$$-polynomial association schemes
Authors: Gavrilyuk Alexander L. , Koolen Jack H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe problem of classification of$$(P\hbox { and }Q)$$(PandQ)-polynomial association schemes, as a finite analogue of E. Cartan’s classification of compact symmetric spaces, was posed in the monograph “Association schemes” by E. Bannai and T. Ito in the early 1980s. In this expository paper, we report on some recent results towards its solution.
Decoding the essential interplay between central and peripheral control in adaptive locomotion of amphibious centipedes
Authors: Yasui Kotaro , Kano Takeshi , Standen Emily M. , Aonuma Hitoshi , Ijspeert Auke J. , Ishiguro Akio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmphibious animals adapt their body coordination to compensate for changing substrate properties as they transition between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Using behavioural experiments and mathematical modelling of the amphibious centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, we reveal an interplay between descending command (brain), local pattern generation, and sensory feedback that controls the leg and body motion during swimming and walking. The elongated and segmented centipede body exhibits a gradual transition in the locomotor patterns as the animal crosses between land and water. Changing environmental conditions elicit a mechano-sensory feedback mechanism, inducing a gait change at the local segment level. The body segments operating downstream of a severed nerve cord (no descending control) can generate walking with mechano-sensory inputs alone while swimming behaviour is not recovered. Integrating the descending control for swimming initiation with the sensory feedback control for walking in a mathematical model successfully generates the adaptive behaviour of centipede locomotion, capturing the possible mechanism for flexible motor control in animals.
A common root for coevolution and substitution rate variability in protein sequence evolution
Authors: Rizzato Francesca , Zamuner Stefano , Pagnani Andrea , Laio Alessandro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe introduce a simple model that describes the average occurrence of point variations in a generic protein sequence. This model is based on the idea that mutations are more likely to be fixed at sites in contact with others that have mutated in the recent past. Therefore, we extend the usual assumptions made in protein coevolution by introducing a time dumping on the effect of a substitution on its surrounding and makes correlated substitutions happen in avalanches localized in space and time. The model correctly predicts the average correlation of substitutions as a function of their distance along the sequence. At the same time, it predicts an among-site distribution of the number of substitutions per site highly compatible with a negative binomial, consistently with experimental data. The promising outcomes achieved with this model encourage the application of the same ideas in the field of pairwise and multiple sequence alignment.
Synthesis of wollastonite from AlF3-rich silica gel and its hardening in the CO2 atmosphere
Authors: Gineika Andrius , Siauciunas Raimundas , Baltakys Kestutis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work combines some aspects of eco-friendliness: consumption of toxic waste, cutback of energy consumption during the synthesis of the binding material, reduction of CO2 emission by using less CaCO3 in the raw meal, and consumption of carbon dioxide. In the study, the kinetics of two-step synthesis of wollastonite from CaO and AlF3 production waste, namely, silica gel, its carbonisation process and the mechanical properties of obtained samples were investigated. According to XRD and DSC data, the optimal temperature in the mixture with CaO/(Al2O3 + SiO2) = 1 for the hydrothermal synthesis of the wollastonite precursors is 130 °C: F−–containing compounds were bound into katoite and cuspidine, and portlandite reacted completely within 8 h. The optimal temperature for wollastonite formation is 900 °C, but fluormayenite, cuspidine, and the traces of larnite form as well. During the curing in the CO2 atmosphere, wollastonite and larnite reacted completely and formed calcite, vaterite, and amorphous CaCO3. Cuspidine also participates in the carbonisation process and, in addition to amorphous SiO2, it releases fluorite, which contributes to the total compressive strength of the products. The values of the compressive strength (10–15 MPa) in the wollastonite-sand samples match the requirements for the belite and special low-heat cements.
A new method for pharmaceutical compounding and storage of anti-VEGF biologics for intravitreal use in silicone oil-free prefilled plastic syringes
Authors: Lode Heidrun Elisabeth , Gjølberg Torleif Tollefsrud , Foss Stian , Sivertsen Magne Sand , Brustugun Jørgen , Andersson Yvonne , Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Moe Morten Carstens , Andersen Jan Terje 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntravitreal injections of antibody-based biologics targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are highly effective and have markedly decreased the risk of visual impairment associated with prevalent retinal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetes macular oedema. The diseases are chronic in their nature, and most patients need long-term therapy to suppress disease activity. We previously reported a compounding method for repackaging and storage of aflibercept (Eylea), a commonly used anti-VEGF biologic, in silicone oil-coated plastic syringes without compromising drug stability or activity. In addition to improving safety and time spent per patient, compounding of anti-VEGF biologics enables single-dose vials to be split into multiple syringes, thereby considerably reducing waste and drug expenses. However, symptomatic silicone oil droplets may deposit in the eye’s vitreous body after repetitive injections. To fully avoid this complication, we here report on a novel pharmaceutical compounding method using silicone oil-free syringes and a 33 G × 9 mm Low Dead Space Needle hub injection needle. We evaluate the method for three anti-VEGF biologics commonly used in ophthalmology: aflibercept, ranibizumab (Lucentis) and bevacizumab (Avastin). Our results show that compounding and storage for one week does not compromise the functional activity of the biologics and allows for safe and cost-effective compounding of anti-VEGF biologics for intravitreal injections in prefilled silicone oil-free syringes.