bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’alerte par sirènes : une priorité discutable en France
Authors: Douvinet Johnny 
Published: February 2020

Les sirènes, déployées après la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale en France métropolitaine, sous couvert d’une défense passive, ont pour objectif d’alerter la population pour annoncer la survenue ou l’imminence de dommages susceptibles de porter atteinte à l’intégrité physique des biens ou des personnes. L’alarme associée est destinée à interrompre les activités sociales, et elle doit induire un comportement « approprié », aussi bien de la part des autorités que des habitants exposés. Pourtant, la priorité allouée en France aux sirènes, qui constituaient l’un des piliers du Réseau National d’Alerte (RNA) de 1954 à 2010, et qui sont au cœur du futur SAIP (système d’alerte et d’information de la population) attendu en 2022, reste sujet à de nombreuses interrogations : les sirènes peuvent présenter des faiblesses techniques ; elles sont rarement utilisées ; leur déploiement répond davantage à un choix politique, sans aucune référence à une quelconque efficacité ; cela revient à minimiser le potentiel d’autres outils (médias sociaux, panneaux à messages variables, applications smartphones, etc.), qui pourraient pourtant être sollicités de façon complémentaire dans une logique d’alerte multicanale. Face à un tel constat, cet article propose d’analyser, sous un angle critique, cette priorité allouée aux sirènes pour transmettre l’alerte à la population en France, notamment en vue des évolutions réglementaires qui se profilent, en particulier la mise en œuvre d’une solution d’alerte par SMS, elle aussi attendue pour 2022. Les choix faits en Belgique et aux États-Unis permettent de voir comment l’alerte par sirènes a évolué ailleurs, et d’imaginer des pistes d’amélioration possibles.
Justice spatiale et conflits territoriaux dans un contexte néolibéral. Le cas du plan stratégique de Til Til dans la région métropolitaine de Santiago du Chili
Authors: Jorge Priscillia , Chia Eduardo , Torre André , Stamm Caroline , Bustos Beatriz , Lukas Michael 
Published: February 2020

Au Chili comme ailleurs, les luttes menées pour la justice spatiale et le droit à la ville s’étendent bien souvent au-delà du cœur des villes et fleurissent en particulier dans les zones périurbaines ou d’étalement urbain. Nous étudions le cas de Til Til, « zone de sacrifice » située dans la périphérie de la région métropolitaine de Santiago, où se sont développées un grand nombre d’activités polluantes, et où les habitants se mobilisent depuis une dizaine d’années pour manifester leur opposition à ce processus. L’analyse des termes constitutifs et de la généalogie du Plan stratégique pour le développement de Til Til 2015-2018, mis en place par le gouvernement régional dans le but de répondre à la situation de conflit sur ce territoire, ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès des principales parties prenantes du sujet, nous permettent d’étudier le processus d’apparition d’une nouvelle prise de parole des acteurs, à travers la structuration de leur discours critique autour du droit à vivre dans un environnement sain et de leurs actions pour participer aux décisions concernant l’avenir de leur territoire. Dans un premier temps nous présentons le cas de Til Til et les conflits provoqués par l’installation controversée d’infrastructures polluantes dans la commune. Nous analysons ensuite le plan Til Til, sa méthode et ses résultats contestés, avant de montrer comment la mise en place de cet outil, qui a servi la stratégie de légitimation de l’action publique, s’est révélée inadaptée à la gestion du conflit socio-environnemental et a au contraire participé au renforcement de la résistance des populations locales, réinterrogeant ainsi les conditions d’émergence d’un droit à la ville dans le contexte néolibéral chilien.
Les couloirs humanitaires : un régime d’exception pour gérer des réfugiés « désirables »
Authors: Ngombe Miriam 
Published: February 2020

Ce travail explore les enjeux auxquels font face les gestionnaires associatifs d’un dispositif d’accueil de cinq cents futurs demandeurs d’asile identifiés par des associations de solidarité chrétiennes, dénommé « couloir humanitaire Liban-France ». Reposant sur le principe du parrainage privé des réfugiés par des citoyens français et appuyés par l’État français, ces couloirs humanitaires mettent en lumière l’adaptation des acteurs de l’aide internationale confrontés aux logiques dominantes de la gouvernance de l’humanitaire et de l’asile. Cette recherche qualitative explore les défis d’une action humanitaire qui tente de faire preuve d’ouverture tout en se conformant aux paradigmes sécuritaires et gestionnaires. Ainsi, au nom du développement, ces associations contribuent à (re)définir les catégories de réfugiés admissibles – c’est-à-dire les « désirables ».
La « sudisation » du secteur de l’aide internationale
Authors: Joxe Ludovic 
Published: February 2020

Depuis une trentaine d’années, les acteurs du secteur de l’aide internationale ont cherché à impliquer davantage les populations auprès desquelles ils intervenaient dans un mouvement de « sudisation ». Chez Médecins sans frontières (MSF), ce mouvement s’est notamment traduit par une diversification de l’origine des « expatriés ». Basé sur cinquante-cinq entretiens et une observation participante, cet article analyse l’enjeu implicite de la « sudisation » : l’émancipation des individus du Sud vis-à-vis du Nord. Fruit d’une volonté politique « sudiste » et d’un besoin grandissant en « expatriés », la « sudisation » de MSF entraînerait en fait une dépolitisation partielle de l’organisation, déplacerait son équilibre stratégique et ferait finalement émerger une nouvelle stratification sociale.
Global Tourism and Terrorism. Safety and Security Management
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. 
Published: February 2020

In the last two years, some Mediterranean regions have obtained significant benefits from the contraction of large tourist investments marking contrasting trends, as in the case of Sardinia and other Italian and Spanish sub-regions (conceivably due to their perception as safer locations). In global tourism, security and safety have become complex issues with a wide range of components including consumer protection, legal protection of tourists, environmental security, disaster protection, data safety, personal safety in communication, quality assurance of services. The vulnerability of tourism to external negative events, such as tourism terrorism, has defined the increasing importance of tourism safety and security management in a global approach as an integral part of the tourism industry’s operations.
Study on the Electrochemical Behavior of Al-6Zn-0.02In-1Mg-0.03Ti Sacrificial Anodes for Long-Term Corrosion Protection in the Ocean
Authors: Yang Mingkun , Liu Yan , Shi Zeyao , Lv Xiaodan , Liu Bin , Sun Luyi 
Published: February 2020

After 10 y of service in the ocean, the long-term performance of Al-6Zn-0.02In-1Mg-0.03Ti aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes for steel piles was characterized by mass loss in addition to optical and electron microscopy analysis. The electrochemical behavior was conducted by open-circuit potential with potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations. The results showed that cathodic protection potential was in the range of −0.960 VCSE to −1.103 VCSE. The corrosion type and consumption rate of the alloy anode were related to the output current. In harsh corrosion environments, the alloy anode showed uniform corrosion and lost more mass due to voltage output, therefore more current is needed to fulfill cathodic protection. Otherwise, localized corrosion and less mass loss were observed. The alloy anodes were covered by marine creatures and corrosion product. The corrosion product contained amorphous Al(OH)3 and MgAl2(CO3)(OH)·xH2O which became more crystalline from outside to inside of the alloy anode. A translucent corrosion product was found on the alloy anode surface which contained amorphous Al(OH)3·xH2O with S, along with AlxCly(OH)z·mH2O. The electrochemical performance of the alloy anode was strongly reduced by the coverage of corrosion product. Consequently, the open-circuit potential of the alloy anode increased and the output current decreased. The effect of corrosion product thicknesses on the anodic activation is not remarkable.
Source apportionment of highly time-resolved elements during a firework episode from a rural freeway site in Switzerland
Authors: Rai Pragati , Furger Markus , Slowik Jay G. , Canonaco Francesco , Fröhlich Roman , Hüglin Christoph , Minguillón María Cruz , Petterson Krag , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The measurement of elements in PM10 was performed with 1 h time resolution at a rural freeway site during summer 2015 in Switzerland using the Xact1 625 Ambient Metals Monitor. On average the Xact elements (without accounting for oxygen and other associated elements) make up about 20 % of the total PM10 mass (14.6 µg m−3). We conducted source apportionment by positive matrix factorisation (PMF) of the
elemental mass measurable by the Xact (i.e. major elements heavier than
Al), defined here as PM10el. Eight different sources were identified in PM10el (elemental PM10) mass driven by the sum of 14 elements (notable elements in brackets): Fireworks-I (K, S, Ba and Cl), Fireworks-II (K), sea salt (Cl), secondary sulfate (S), background dust (Si, Ti), road dust (Ca), non-exhaust traffic-related elements (Fe) and industrial elements (Zn and Pb). The major components were secondary sulfate and non-exhaust traffic-related elements followed by background dust and road dust factors, explaining 21 %, 20 %, 18 % and 16 % of the analysed PM10 elemental mass, respectively, with the factor mass not corrected for oxygen content. Further, there were minor contributions (on the order of a few percent) of sea salt and industrial sources. The regionally influenced secondary sulfate factor showed negligible resuspension, and concentrations were similar throughout the day. The significant loads of the non-exhaust traffic-related and road dust factors with strong diurnal variations highlight the continuing importance of vehicle-related air pollutants at this site. Enhanced control of PMF implemented via the SourceFinder software (SoFi Pro version 6.2, PSI, Switzerland) allowed for a successful apportionment of transient sources such as the two firework factors and sea salt, which remained mixed when analysed by unconstrained PMF.
Comparison of aircraft measurements during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA
Authors: Mei Fan , Wang Jian , Comstock Jennifer M. , Weigel Ralf , Krämer Martina , Mahnke Christoph , Shilling John E. , Schneider Johannes , Schulz Christiane , Long Charles N. , Wendisch Manfred , Machado Luiz A. T. , Schmid Beat , Krisna Trismono , Pekour Mikhail , Hubbe John , Giez Andreas , Weinzierl Bernadett , Zoeger Martin , Pöhlker Mira L. , Schlager Hans , Cecchini Micael A. , Andreae Meinrat O. , Martin Scot T. , de Sá Suzane S. , Fan Jiwen , Tomlinson Jason , Springston Stephen , Pöschl Ulrich , Artaxo Paulo , Pöhlker Christopher , Klimach Thomas , Minikin Andreas , Afchine Armin , Borrmann Stephan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The indirect effect of atmospheric aerosol particles on the
Earth's radiation balance remains one of the most uncertain components
affecting climate change throughout the industrial period. The large
uncertainty is partly due to the incomplete understanding of aerosol–cloud
interactions. One objective of the GoAmazon2014/5 and the ACRIDICON
(Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of
Convective Cloud Systems)-CHUVA (Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation
Systems in Brazil) projects was to understand the influence of emissions from the tropical
megacity of Manaus (Brazil) on the surrounding atmospheric environment of
the rainforest and to investigate its role in the life cycle of convective
clouds. During one of the intensive observation periods (IOPs) in the dry
season from 1 September to 10 October 2014, comprehensive measurements of
trace gases and aerosol properties were carried out at several ground sites.
In a coordinated way, the advanced suites of sophisticated in situ
instruments were deployed aboard both the US Department of Energy
Gulfstream-1 (G1) aircraft and the German High Altitude and Long-Range
Research Aircraft (HALO) during three coordinated flights on 9 and 21 September
and 1 October. Here, we report on the comparison of measurements
collected by the two aircraft during these three flights. Such comparisons
are challenging but essential for assessing the data quality from the
individual platforms and quantifying their uncertainty sources. Similar
instruments mounted on the G1 and HALO collected vertical profile
measurements of aerosol particle number concentrations and size
distribution, cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, ozone and carbon
monoxide mixing ratios, cloud droplet size distributions, and downward solar
irradiance. We find that the above measurements from the two aircraft agreed
within the measurement uncertainties. The relative fraction of the aerosol
chemical composition measured by instruments on HALO agreed with the
corresponding G1 data, although the total mass loadings only have a good
agreement at high altitudes. Furthermore, possible causes of the
discrepancies between measurements on the G1 and HALO are examined in this
paper. Based on these results, criteria for meaningful aircraft measurement
comparisons are discussed.
Implementation of a roughness sublayer parameterization in the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF version 3.7.1) and its evaluation for regional climate simulations
Authors: Lee Junhong , Hong Jinkyu , Noh Yign , Jiménez Pedro A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The roughness sublayer (RSL) is one compartment of the surface layer (SL) where turbulence deviates from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. As the computing power increases, model grid sizes approach the gray zone of turbulence in the energy-containing range and the lowest model layer is located within the RSL. From this perspective, the RSL has an important implication in atmospheric modeling research. However, it has not been explicitly simulated in atmospheric mesoscale models. This study incorporates the RSL model proposed by Harman and Finnigan (2007, 2008) into the Jiménez et al. (2012) SL scheme. A high-resolution simulation
performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) illustrates
the impacts of the RSL parameterization on the wind, air temperature, and
rainfall simulation in the atmospheric boundary layer. As the roughness
parameters vary with the atmospheric stability and vegetative phenology in
the RSL model, our RSL implementation reproduces the observed surface wind,
particularly over tall canopies in the winter season by reducing the root
mean square error (RMSE) from 3.1 to 1.8 m s−1. Moreover, the
improvement is relevant to air temperature (from 2.74 to 2.67 K of RMSE) and precipitation (from 140 to 135 mm per month of RMSE). Our findings
suggest that the RSL must be properly considered both for better weather and climate simulations and for the application of wind energy and atmospheric dispersion.
De toekomst van het concordantiebeginsel
Authors: van Keeken E. 
Published: February 2020

De toekomst van het concordantiebeginsel
Heeft het concordantiebeginsel na de herstructurering van 10 oktober 2010 nog een toekomst? Een literatuuronderzoek heeft tot de volgende conclusies geleid. Het concordantiebeginsel moet blijven bestaan. De open norm van artikel 39 lid 1 Statuut moet gehandhaafd blijven, daar het een landsaangelegenheid betreft. Omdat er veel onbewuste discordantie plaatsvindt, moet artikel 39 lid 2 Statuut aangescherpt worden. Concordantie van rechtspraak moet bij een leemte in de wet in lijn met de juridisch meest zuivere visie van Lewin afgebakend worden in het Statuut onder andere met het oog op de machtenscheiding en de autonomie van de Caribische landen.
Un museo para un arte sin límites: Mori Building Digital Art Museum
Authors: Espada Torres Diana María 
Published: February 2020

Este artículo versa sobre la creación del primer museo de arte digital del mundo, inaugurado el 21 de junio de 2018 en Tokio (Japón). El Mori Building Digital Art Museum: teamLab Borderless, se encuentra situado en la isla artificial de Odaiba, núcleo de la cultura futurista nipona y que se encuentra dominada por el edificio Fuji TV del arquitecto Kenzo Tange, que a su vez es también sede del Miraikan, el Museo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología Emergentes de Japón. Este lugar es perfecto para esta nueva disciplina artística que adquiere cada vez más notoriedad en la sociedad actual, por su capacidad de combinar arte figurativo y diferentes tipologías tecnológicas, produciendo de esta manera instalaciones inmersivas con un fuerte impacto en el espectador y que a su vez convierten a la tecnología en una inmensa obra de arte.
Short-term effects of thinning on the development and communities of understory vegetation of Chinese fir plantations in Southeastern China
Authors: Xu Xuelei , Wang Xinjie , Hu Yang , Wang Ping , Saeed Sajjad , Sun Yujun 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundHigh-density conditions are global issues that threaten the sustainable management of plantations throughout the world. Monocultures and untimely management practices have identically resulted in the simplex of community structures, decreases in biodiversity, and long-term productivity losses in plantations China. The most popular measure which is commonly used to address these issues is thinning, which potentially results in increases in the development of understory plants in plantations. However, there is limited information currently available regarding the community composition of understory vegetation and the associated environmental factors, which has limited the sustainable management of China’s fir plantation ecosystems.MethodIn the present study, a thinning experiment was implemented which included a control check (CK: no thinning), as well as low intensity thinning (LIT: 20%), moderate intensity thinning (MIT: 33%), and high intensity thinning (HIT: 50%) in Chinese fir plantations located in the Southeastern China. During the investigation process, the understory vegetation examined three years after thinning measures were completed, in order to analyze the impacts of different thinning intensities on the growth and community composition of the understory plants. At the same time, the associated environmental factors in the fir plantations were also investigated.ResultsThe species richness, total coverage, and biomass of the understory vegetation were observed to be apparently increased with increasing thinning intensity. In addition, it was found that the thinning measures had prominently influenced the soil nutrients. The community compositions of the understory vegetation were significantly different among the four thinning intensity levels, especially between the CK and the HIT. Furthermore, the development of the understory vegetation was found to be significantly correlated with the soil nutrient contents, and the community compositions of the understory vegetation were prominently driven by the tree densities, slope positions, and soil nutrient contents.
A Fluorescence Probe for Metal Ions Based on Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots
Authors: Xu Zhenyu , Hu Liang , Yuan Jun , Zhang Yiyue , Guo Yujie , Jin Zhengyuan , Long Fangchao , Long Yaojia , Liang Huawei , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu‐Jia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFluorescence method for detecting metal ions has advantages of fast detection speed, simple operation, and low price over the conventional methods. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BP QDs) have high photoluminescence quantum yield and modifiable surface, which have great potential in the field of fluorescent probes. In this study, high quality BP QDs are prepared by pyrolysis method and are first time used as trace metal ion probes in both organic solutions and aqueous solutions. The detection limits of Hg2+ and Cu2+ in the aqueous solution are 5.3 × 10−9 m and 1.6 × 10−6 m, respectively. In addition, the detection limits of Cu2+ in the organic solution are 16 × 10−6 m. The fluorescence quenching mechanism based on the calculation of the electronic structure and adsorption energy of BP QDs after adsorption of metal ions is further explained. The results provide a new promising fluorescence probe for trace metal ions without the help of organic molecules.
Cell Membrane Nanotherapeutics: From Synthesis to Applications Emerging Tools for Personalized Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sevencan Cansu , McCoy Reece Sean Ashley , Ravisankar Priyaharshini , Liu Meng , Govindarajan Suresh , Zhu Jingyi , Bay Boon Huat , Leong David Tai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver the last decade, researchers have focused on developing an ideal cancer nanomedicine with robust biointerfacing, precise tumor targeting, and effective tumor killing ability. While synthetic approaches have been widely investigated, cell membrane nanotechnology has been attracting growing interest in the nanomedicine field since it enables researchers to exploit the various functions of cells. Prior to development of cell membrane nanotechnology, synthetic cell membrane‐like structures had been employed in nanomedicine. In this review, first a brief comparison between cell membrane and cell membrane‐like structures is provided and the generalized structure and functions of cell membrane are summarized. Cell membrane extraction methods and cell membrane‐based nanoparticle synthesis methods are explained. In addition, applications of these nanotechnologies in many biomedical applications are reviewed. Finally, a perspective of the future prospects and limitations of cell membrane nanotechnology is given. As with many new technologies, there are issues, which when overcome, can allow the potential of cell membrane nanotechnology for future personalized cancer nanomedicine.
Risk factors for earlier dementia onset in autopsy‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease, mixed Alzheimer's with Lewy bodies, and pure Lewy body disease
Authors: Schaffert Jeff , LoBue Christian , White Charles L. , Wilmoth Kristin , Didehbani Nyaz , Lacritz Laura , Nguyen Trung , Peters Matthew E. , Fields Lindy , Li Chengxi , Cullum C. Munro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionClinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies often have mixed AD and Lewy pathology, making it difficult to delineate risk factors.MethodsSix risk factors for earlier dementia onset due to autopsy‐confirmed AD (n = 647), mixed AD and Lewy body disease (AD + LBD; n = 221), and LBD (n = 63) were entered into multiple linear regressions using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.ResultsIn AD and AD + LBD, male sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 alleles each predicted a 2‐ to 3‐year‐earlier onset and depression predicted a 3‐year‐earlier onset. In LBD, higher education predicted earlier onset and depression predicted a 5.5‐year‐earlier onset.DiscussionMale sex and APOE ɛ4 alleles increase risk for earlier dementia onset in AD but not LBD. Depression increases risk for earlier dementia onset in AD, LBD, and AD + LBD, but evaluating the course, treatment, and severity is needed in future studies.