bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under-nutrition and associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Nigussie Jemberu , Girma: Bekahegn , Molla Alemayehu , Mareg Moges 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In developing world including sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS has worsened the impact of under-nutrition in children. HIV infected children are highly vulnerable to malnutrition. Even though under-nutrition screening and intervention are incorporated into the care plan of HIV infected children, it is continued as a major problem for HIV infected children in Africa. Hence, the main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of under-nutrition and associated factors among children infected with HIV.Methods: Primary studies were retrieved from PubMed/ MEDLINE online, Science direct, and Hinari databases. We found a total of 1847 records from these databases. After removing papers my using different exclusion criteria, 26 studies that report the prevalence of under-nutrition were included. We used a standardized data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel. STATA- version 14 statistical software was used for analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated through I2 test. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of under-nutrition and its associated factors. The summary estimates were also presented using Forest plots and tables.Results: The pooled prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting in HIV infected children were 51.4% (95% CI: 46.3, 56.4), 39.0% (95% CI: 33.7, 44.3), and 24.5% (95% CI: 19.2, 29.8) respectively. Household insecurity was associated with stunting [OR= 5.50 (95% CI 3.36, 8.98]. Low family economic status [OR= 5.25 (95% CI: 2.52, 10.92)])], feeding frequency [OR= 0.32 (95% CI 0.172, 0.605)] and caretakers attending dietary counseling [OR= 0.367 (95% CI: 0.182, 0.739)] were significantly associated with under-weight among HIV infected children. Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of under-nutrition among HIV infected children was high. Routine nutritional assessment and nutritional support shall be strengthened, monitored, and evaluated in HIV infected children. Implementation of policies and strategy sated by a national and international stakeholder in ART care centers should get maximum emphasis to reduce undernutrition in HIV infected children.
Supervised molecular dynamics for exploring the druggability of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Deganutti Giuseppe , Prischi Filippo , Reynolds Christopher A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The recent outbreak of the respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is stimulating an unprecedented scientific campaign to alleviate the burden of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). One line of research has focused on targeting SARS-CoV-2 proteins fundamental for its replication by repurposing drugs approved for other diseases. The first interaction between the virus and the host cell is mediated by the spike protein on the virus surface and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). Small molecules able to bind the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and disrupt the binding to ACE2 would offer an important tool for slowing, or even preventing, the infection. Here, we screened 2421 approved small molecules in silico and validated the docking outcomes through extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Out of six drugs characterized as putative RBD binders, the cephalosporin antibiotic cefsulodin was further assessed for its effect on the binding between the RBD and ACE2, suggesting the importance of considering the dynamic formation of the heterodimer when judging any potential candidate.
The effect of sulfur, temperature, holding time and reductant on the selective reduction of limonite ore
Authors: Bahfie Fathan , Shofi Achmad , Nurjaman Fajar , Herlina Ulin , Septiana Nanda Ayu , Syafriadi  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Laterite ore is used as the manufacture of ferronickel. One method that can increase the levels of nickel in limonite ore is selective reduction. Selective reduction is a process to reduce the metal oxide to the metal with additives. The selective reduction of limonite ore by using the reductant 5%, 10%, and 15% and the sulfur 10 % as additive. The process of selective reduction is performed at the temperature of 950, 1050, and 1150°C with a holding time of 60, 90, and 120 minutes and followed by magnetic separation to separate between the concentrate and tailings. AAS characterization indicates the optimum value at the temperature of 1150°C with 5% reductant and the reduction of the holding time for 60 minutes which give the effect on the grade and recovery of nickel those are 3.72wt% and 95.67%, respectively. The decreasing of grain size of ferronickel in the sample form an average grain size of 38.07μm and the forming of FeS phase which is caused the addition of sulfur.
Identification of the prognostic Enhancer RNA in bladder cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Hao Zhiquan , Yan Penhui , Zheng Boyuan , Li Zhenyan , Yang Jie , Liu Rixu , Gong Bin , Huang Zongqiang , Zha Zhengang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), one of the most common urinary system malignancies, has a high morbidity and metastasis rate. The enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), are derived from enhancer regions and contribute to enhancer function, whereas their roles in BLCA tumorigenesis and bone metastasis are still unclear.Method The RNA sequencing data of patients with BLCA were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and the normalized gene expression profile of eRNA in BLCA (annotated by Ensemble ID) were downloaded from the eRic database. The differential expression eRNAs and genes were evaluated and identified between primary BLCA with and without bone metastasis. The prognostic bone metastasis-specific eRNAs (PBMSEs) were screened by Lasso regression, and based on them, the risk scores were identified and predict models were constructed. Their accuracy were tested by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Additionally, in order to explore the bone metastasis-specific regulation network, the relationship among key PBMSEs, differentially expressed target genes of eRNAs and signaling pathways were identified by Pearson correlation analysis. ResultsA total of 832 eRNAs were detected, with 37 PBMSEs annotated by Ensemble ID in univariate Cox regression analysis. Based on them, the first prediction model was constructed with the AUC of 0.920. Besides, we uncovered 166 DEGs between primary BLCA with and without bone metastasis. A total of 23 eRNAs and 109 target genes annotated by official gene symbol were uncovered in which31 PBMSEs and target genes revealed prognostic. Based on them, another prediction model was constructed with the AUC of 0.742. Moreover, we identified EMP1 as a PBMSE which regulated the target genes of APOLD1 and GPRC5A, and tumorigenesis-related pathways of KRAS signaling, inflammatory response, IL2-stat5 signaling and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).Conclusion Our study identifies eRNAs as reliable indexes for prognosis and bone metastasis prediction in BLCA patients and provides well-applied prediction models for them. The bone metastasis-specific regulation network was also explored in which PBMSE (EMP1) could mediate target genes (APOLD1, GPRC5A) and tumorigenesis-related pathways (KRAS signaling, inflammatory response, EMT) in the tumorigenesis and bone metastasis of BLCA.
Development and Validation of a Model for Individualized Prediction of Cervical Insufficiency Risks in Patients undergoing IVF/ICSI Treatment
Authors: Wu Yaoqiu , Liang Xiaoyan , Cai Meihong , Gao Linzhi , Lan Jie , Yang Xing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Women who conceived with in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes than women who conceived naturally. Cervical insufficiency (CI) is one of the important causes of miscarriage and premature birth, however there is no published data available focusing on the potential risk factors predicting CI occurrence in women who received IVF/ICSI treatment. This study aimed to identify the risk factors that could be integrated into a predictive model for CI, which could provide further personalized and clinically specific information related to the incidence of CI after IVF/ICSI treatment.Patients and methods: This retrospective study included 4710 patients who conceived after IVF/ICSI treatment from Jan 2011 to Dec 2018 at a public university hospital. The patients were randomly divided into derivation (n = 3108) and validation (n = 1602) samples for the building and testing of the nomogram, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was developed on the basis of pre-pregnancy clinical covariates assessed for their association with CI occurrence.Results: A total of 109 patients (2.31%) experienced CI among all the enrolled patients. Body mass index (BMI), basal serum testosterone (T), gravidity and uterine length were associated with CI occurrence. The statistical nomogram was built based on BMI, serum T, gravidity and uterine length, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.76 - 0.90) for the training cohort. The AUC for the validation cohort was 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.69 - 0.83), showing a satisfactory goodness-of-fit and discrimination ability in this nomogram.Conclusion: The user-friendly nomogram which graphically represents the risk factors and a pre-pregnancy predicted tool for the incidence of CI in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment, provides a useful guide for medical staff on individualized decisions making, where preventive measures could be carried out during the IVF/ICSI procedure and subsequent pregnancy.
Effect of Family-centered Care Interventions on Motor and Neurobehavior Development of Very Preterm Infants: A Protocol of Systematic Review
Authors: Raghupathy Manasa Kolibylu , Rao Bhamini Krishna , Nayak Shubha R , Spittle Alicia J , Parsekar Shradha S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, preterm birth is a health concern leading to various developmental difficulties such as poor motor and/or cognitive function. For infants born preterm, FCC promotes developmental skills over the time in an appropriate enriched environment. The purpose of this study is to systematically review and assess the evidence of FCC interventions on motor and neurobehavioral development in very preterm infants. Additionally, this review aims to determine the factors that might affect the infant development.Methods: Systematic review will be carried out by including quasi-experimental controlled trials and randomized controlled trials. Electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO will be searched using database specific terms. Additionally, searches will be carried out in ProQuest, and references of included studies will be searched. Two review authors, independently, will conduct the screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal of included studies. If possible, meta-analysis will be undertaken to assess the effect of FCC on motor and neurobehavior of premature infants.Conclusion: The review will provide insights regarding the effect of the FCC on preterm infants. This systematic review will guide the clinicians on the feasibility of practicing FCC that might support and promote the integration of parents into various rehabilitation settings.Systematic review registration: Protocol has been submitted to PROSPERO on July 26, 2020.
Photochemical degradation characteristics of alga-sourced dissolved organic matter in Chaohu Lake, China
Authors: Li Guolian , Li Lu , Song Kang , Yuan Zhiwei , Zhu Shuguang , Zhang Jin , Xie Fazhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbundant algae-sourced dissolved organic matter (A-DOM) is produced during algal blooms in eutrophic lakes. Natural-light-driven photodegradation plays an important role in A-DOM function and its migration in aqueous systems. The photodegradation performance of A-DOM extracted from Chaohu Lake was tested and characterized under UV-A, UV-C irradiation, and dark condition, and the photochemical degradation characteristics and molecular weight changes of A-DOM during degradation were analyzed. A-DOM mainly includes four EEM-PARAFAC components, namely, C1 (protein-like tryptophan), C2 (protein-like tyrosine), C3 (long-wave humus), and C4 (short-wave humus). After irradiation for 168 h under UV-C, the protein-like components C1 and C2 had the highest fluorescence intensity reduction of 95.4% and 100%, respectively. The fluorescence intensities of fulvic-like components, namely C3 and C4, increased. The absorption coefficients (A355) of A-DOM were decreased by 84.46%, 70.83%, and 52.98% with UV-A, UV-C irradiation, and dark condition, respectively. The degradation reaction of C1 and C2 fitted with the first-order kinetic equation with a half-life of 21.59–83.51 h. The SUVA254 value decreased under UV irradiation and increased under dark condition, which is in accordance with the change of molecular weight results. The A-DOM photochemical reaction was driven by UV light irradiation, and the humification rate and molecular weight decreased.
Sorption and mechanism studies of Cu2+, Sr2+ and Pb2+ ions on mesoporous aluminosilicates/zeolite composite sorbents
Authors: Kouznetsova Tatyana , Ivanets Andrei , Prozorovich Vladimir , Hosseini-Bandegharaei Ahmad , Tran Hai Nguyen , Srivastava Varsha , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The research aimed to develop a novel mesoporous aluminosilicate/zeolite composite by the template co-precipitation method. The effect of aluminosilicate (AlSi) and zeolite (NaY) on the basic properties and adsorption capacity of the resultant composite was conducted at different mass ratios of AlSi/NaY (i.e., 5/90, 10/80, 15/85, 20/80, and 50/50). The adsorption characteristics of such composite and its feedstock materials (i.e., aluminosilicates and zeolite) towards radioactive Sr2+ ions and toxic metals (Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions) in aqueous solutions were investigated. Results indicated that BET surface area (SBET), total pore volume (VTotal), and mesopore volume (VMeso) of prepared materials followed the decreasing order: aluminosilicate (890 m2/g, 0.680 cm3/g, and 0.644 cm3/g) &gt; zeolite (623 m2/g, 0.352 cm3/g, and 0.111 cm3/g) &gt; AlSi/NaY (20/80) composite (370 m2/g, 0.254 cm3/g, and 0.154 cm3/g, respectively). The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of metal ions (Sr2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+) in single-component solution was 260 mg/g, 220 mg/g, and 161 mg/g (for zeolite), 153 mg/g, 37.9 mg/g, and 66.5 mg/g (for aluminosilicate), and 186 mg/g, 140 mg/g, and 77.8 mg/g for (AlSi/NaY (20/80) composite), respectively. Ion exchange was regarded as a domain adsorption mechanism of metal ions in solution by zeolite; meanwhile, inner-surface complexation was domain one for aluminosilicate. Ion exchange and inner-surface complexation might be mainly responsible for adsorbing metal ions onto the AlSi/NaY composite. Pore-filling mechanism was a less important contributor during the adsorption process. The results of competitive adsorption under binary-components (Cu2+ and Sr2+) and ternary-components (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Sr2) demonstrated that the removal efficacy of target metals by the aluminosilicate, zeolite, and their composite remarkably decreased. The synthesized AlSi/NaY composite might serve as a promising adsorbent for real water treatment.
O Conselho de Educação Superior nas Repúblicas Americanas
Authors: Gouvêa Fernando César Ferreira 
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a trajetória do Conselho de Educação Superior nas Repúblicas Americanas no período de 1958 a 1978. O Conselho, objeto ainda não investigado pela historiografia da educação brasileira, foi criado em 1958 pelo Institute of International Education (IIE) e sediado em Nova York. Era financiado, inicialmente, pela Carnegie Foundation, a Carnegie Corporation e a Ford Foundation. O Conselho abrigou, em seus quadros, intelectuais estadunidenses e latino-americanos com o intuito de elaborar recomendações para a solução dos problemas relativos ao ensino superior no continente americano. Através de uma pesquisa de caráter documental que examinou os Relatórios Anuais do IIE, o Arquivo Anísio Teixeira sob a guarda do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil da Fundação Getúlio Vargas e os Relatórios Anuais da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de nível Superior (CAPES) foi possível mapear as decisões do Conselho e avaliar o potencial de cooperação ou intervenção nas políticas públicas para ensino superior na América Latina.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Deeply-Fused Nets
Authors: Chen Chang Zu , Wu Qi , Li Zuo Yong , Xiao Lei , Hu Zhong Yi 
Published: August 2020

Aim and Objective:
Fast and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is very important
for the care and further treatment of patients. Along with the development of deep learning, impressive
progress has also been made in the automatic diagnosis of AD. Most existing studies on automatic
diagnosis are concerned with a single base network, whose accuracy for disease diagnosis
still needs to be improved. This study was undertaken to propose a method to improve the accuracy
of the automatic diagnosis of AD.

Materials and Methods:
MRI image data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were used
to train a deep learning model to achieve computer-aided diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The data consisted
of 138 with AD, 280 with mild cognitive impairment, and 138 normal controls. Here, a new deeply-fused net
is proposed, which combines several deep convolutional neural networks, thereby avoiding the error of a single base network and increasing the classification accuracy and generalization capacity.

Results:
Experiments show that when differentiating between patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment,
and normal controls on a subset of the ADNI database without data leakage, the new architecture improves
the accuracy by about 4 percentage points as compared to a single standard base network.

Conclusion:
This new approach exhibits better performance, but there is still much to be done before its clinical application. In the future, greater research effort will be devoted to improving the performance of the
deeply-fused net.
Structural/Texture Evolution During Facile Substitution of Ni into ZSM-5 Nanostructure vs. its Impregnation Dispersion Used in Selective Transformation of Methanol to Ethylene and Propylene
Authors: Sadeghpour Parisa , Haghighi Mohammad , Esmaeili Mehrdad 
Published: August 2020

Aim and Objective:
The effect of two different modification methods for introducing Ni
into the ZSM-5 framework was investigated under high-temperature synthesis conditions. The
nickel was successfully introduced into the MFI structures at different crystallization conditions to
enhance the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance.

Materials and Methods:
A series of impregnated Ni/ZSM-5 and isomorphous substituted NiZSM-
5 nanostructure catalysts were prepared hydrothermally at different high temperatures and within
short times. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM),
Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunner, Emmett and Teller-Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BETBJH),
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia
(TPD-NH3) were applied to investigate the physicochemical properties.

Results:
Although all the catalysts showed pure silica MFI–type nanosheets and coffin-like
morphology, using the isomorphous substitution for Ni incorporation into the ZSM-5 framework
led to the formation of materials with lower crystallinity, higher pore volume and stronger acidity
compared to using impregnation method. Moreover, it was found that raising the hydrothermal
temperature increased the crystallinity and enhanced the more uniform incorporation of Ni atoms
in the crystalline structure of catalysts. TPD-NH3 analysis demonstrated that high crystallization
temperature and short crystallization time of NiZSM-5(350-0.5) resulted in fewer weak acid sites
and medium acid strength. The MTO catalytic performance was tested in a fixed bed reactor at
460ºC and GHSV=10500 cm3/gcat.h. A slightly different reaction pathway was proposed for the
production of light olefins over impregnated Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts based on the role of NiO species.
The enhanced methanol conversion for isomorphous substituted NiZSM-5 catalysts could be
related to the most accessible active sites located inside the pores.

Conclusion:
The impregnated Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst prepared at low hydrothermal temperature
showed the best catalytic performance, while the isomorphous substituted NiZSM-5 prepared at
high temperature was found to be the active molecular sieve regarding the stability performance.
Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of Topotecan Against A549 Lung Cancer Cells with Folate-targeted Topotecan Liposomes
Authors: Zhang Jingxin , Shi Weiyue , Xue Gangqiang , Ma Qiang , Cui Haixin , Zhang Liang 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Among all cancers, lung cancer has high mortality among patients in most of the countries
in the world. Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs can significantly reduce the side effects and dramatically improve
the effects of the treatment. Folate, a suitable ligand, can be modified to the surface of tumor-selective drug delivery
systems because it can selectively bind to the folate receptor, which is highly expressed on the surface of lung tumor
cells.

Objective:
This study aimed to construct a kind of folate-targeted topotecan liposomes for investigating their efficacy
and mechanism of action in the treatment of lung cancer in preclinical models.

Methods:
We conjugated topotecan liposomes with folate, and the liposomes were characterized by particle size,
entrapment efficiency, cytotoxicity to A549 cells and in vitro release profile. Technical evaluations were performed
on lung cancer A549 cells and xenografted A549 cancer cells in female nude mice, and the pharmacokinetics of the
drug were evaluated in female SD rats.

Results:
The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes were proven to show effectiveness in targeting lung tumors. The
anti-tumor effects of these liposomes were demonstrated by the decreased tumor volume and improved therapeutic
efficacy. The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes also lengthened the topotecan blood circulation time.

Conclusion:
The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes are effective drug delivery systems and can be easily modified
with folate, enabling the targeted liposomes to deliver topotecan to lung cancer cells and kill them, which could be
used as potential carriers for lung chemotherapy.