bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive diagnosis of cirrhosis and long‐term disease monitoring by transient elastography in patients with Wilson disease
Authors: Paternostro Rafael , Pfeiffenberger Jan , Ferenci Peter , Stättermayer Albert F. , Stauber Rudolf E. , Wrba Fritz , Longerich Thomas , Lackner Karoline , Trauner Michael , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Reiberger Thomas , Weiss Karl Heinz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThe value of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TE) for non‐invasive fibrosis staging and disease monitoring has not been established in patients with Wilson disease (WD).MethodsLiver stiffness measurement by TE and non‐invasive fibrosis scores (APRI, FIB‐4) were analysed from 188 WD patients with liver biopsy (LBX). Longitudinal LSM was performed in 128 (68.1%) patients.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐eight patients (mean age: 35 ± 14 years, 54.8% women; 27.1% with histological cirrhosis) were studied. Forty‐four[23.4%] patients were recently diagnosed with WD, while 144[76.6%] were previously diagnosed (>1 year between LBX and LSM). Overall, LSM (11.3 vs 6.1 kPa, P < .001), APRI (0.72 vs 0.38, P < .001) and FIB‐4 (1.54 vs 0.89, P < .001) were higher in cirrhotic than in non‐cirrhotic patients. This was even more pronounced in recently diagnosed patients (35.2 kPa vs 6.4 kPa, P < .001). Accuracy for diagnosing cirrhosis at an LSM cut‐off ≥9.9 kPa was better in recently diagnosed (PPV: 74%, NPV: 100%) vs previously diagnosed (PPV: 53%, NPV: 82%) patients. Recently diagnosed patients had higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) for APRI (0.79 vs 0.61) and FIB‐4 (0.84 vs 0.65) than previously diagnosed patients. At APRI <1.5 and FIB‐4 <3.25 cirrhosis was ruled out with a specificity of 93% and 95% respectively. During a median follow‐up of 46 (24‐66) months, only 5.9% (5/85) of non‐cirrhotic WD patients showed progression to cirrhotic LSM values, while 30.8% (4/13) of cirrhotic WD patients showed LSM suggestive of cirrhosis regression.ConclusionTE‐based LSM ≥9.9 kPa accurately identifies cirrhosis in WD patients. Next to TE‐LSM <9.9 kPa, APRI <1.5 and FIB‐4 <3.25 values assist to non‐invasively rule out cirrhosis. LSM remains stable in most non‐cirrhotic patients on WD therapy, while one‐third of cirrhotic patients present clinically relevant decreases in LSM.
Disclosure of R&D knowledge in a mixed duopoly
Authors: Bárcena‐Ruiz Juan Carlos , Garzón María Begoña 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze whether firms want to disclose their R&D knowledge for free in a mixed duopoly. We extend the paper by Poyago‐Theotoky (1999) on strategic R&D with endogenous spillovers by considering a mixed duopoly. We find that when spillovers of information are treated as endogenous the public firm fully discloses its information so long as R&D levels are chosen non‐cooperatively. The private firm does not disclose its information. This result holds if the private firm is foreign owned. We have extended the main model to consider the threat of entry faced by an incumbent public firm and whether it is privatized or not. We find that the public firm is not privatized and there is entry if the fixed entry cost is low enough.
How should we analyze the connections between populism and nationalism: A response to Rogers Brubaker
Authors: De Cleen Benjamin , Stavrakakis Yannis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, Rogers Brubaker formulates a critique of the distinction we make in our work between populism and nationalism, and further develops his own, thicker conceptualization of populism, which integrates the nationalist dimension without however totally conflating populism and nationalism. In this article, we briefly respond to the critique of our work, further clarifying and refining our plea for clearly distinct conceptualizations of populism and nationalism in dialogue with the considerations formulated by Rogers Brubaker. More broadly, we see this response as a chance to contribute to the further development of a framework that allows for the rigorous study of populism's pivotal as well as complex and often troubling relation with nationalism.
In search of the changeable: An analysis of visual representations of nursing in Norwegian and Danish professional nursing journals, 1965–2016
Authors: Ravn Iben Munksgaard , Beedholm Kirsten , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kvangarsnes Marit , Foss Ingrid Christina , Knutsen Ingrid Ruud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate how perceptions of nursing are constructed in close connection with the development of the Nordic welfare states. Drawing on Gillian Rose's framework for analysing the social and political implications of visual materials, we analysed selected visual representations of nursing published in Danish and Norwegian professional nursing journals in the period 1965 to 2016. The analyses were conducted in an iterative process in three phases. First, we reviewed all visuals spanning the entire period to obtain an overview of developmental trends in the material. Second, selected visuals and associated captions were subjected to more thorough analysis. Third, we further examined and discussed the visuals in light of societal and political movements and ideologies in Danish and Norwegian healthcare policies over this period. Our analysis shows that visual representations of the nurse–patient relationship and of the patient's and the nurse's roles and responsibilities changed over this period and that the visualisations corresponded with and supported developments in the Danish and Norwegian welfare states as these first consolidated and then moved towards individualisation and the competition state. Our study demonstrates that nurses in these states are political actors implementing health policies embedded in various knowledge regimes.
Functional phenotype variations of two novel KV7.1 mutations identified in patients with Long QT syndrome
Authors: Hammami Bomholtz Sofia , Refaat Marwan , Buur Steffensen Annette , David Jens‐Peter , Espinosa Karin , Nussbaum Robert , Wojciak Julianne , Hjorth Bentzen Bo , Scheinman Melvin , Schmitt Nicole 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe slow delayed rectifier potassium current IKs is crucial for the repolarization of the cardiac action potential. It is conducted by the voltage‐gated channel KV7.1 encoded by KCNQ1, together with its β‐subunit KCNE1. Loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations in KCNQ1 have been associated with heritable cardiac arrhythmias such as Long QT syndrome (LQTS). This disease is characterized by prolonged ventricular repolarization and propensity to ventricular tachyarrhythmia that may lead to syncope, cardiac arrest, and sudden death. We aimed to functionally characterize two KV7.1 mutations (p.A150T and p.L374H) identified in two independent LQTS patients with different severity of disease phenotype, family history, and co‐segregation of LQTS.MethodsWe performed whole‐cell patch clamp recordings in CHO‐K1 cells, and confocal imaging in Madin‐Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells.ResultsIKs‐A150T showed significantly decreased current amplitudes from above +20 mV (approximately 52% decrease at +40 mV), but demonstrated cell membrane localization similar to wild‐type (WT). IKs‐L374H, however, exhibited a complete LOF compared to WT channels. Confocal imaging showed endoplasmic reticulum retention of the channel in MDCK cells. Mimicking the heterozygous state of the patients by co‐expressing WT and mutant subunits resulted in an approximately 22% decrease in current at +40 mV for A150T. The L374H mutation showed a more pronounced effect (62% reduction at +40 mV compared to WT channel).ConclusionBoth mutations, KV7.1 A150T and L374H, led to loss of channel function. The degree of LOF may mirror the disease phenotype observed in the patients.
Method for calculating the encounter probability in network space
Authors: Yin ZhangCai , Li Sanjuan , Ying Shen , Jin ZhangHaoNan , Liu Hui , Xiao JiaQiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProbabilistic time geography (PTG) can be used to measure the probability of random encounters between two moving objects. Available PTG methods are based on homogeneous space, while the network space is typically heterogeneous, which constrains individuals to the network. Therefore, the PTG of the network must consider the geographic network. Based on this, we put forward a method for calculating the encounter probability of objects that are moving in a network by considering network constraints on movement. These constraints not only restrict the space‐time accessibility of the moving objects, but also affect the probability of them visiting locations or encountering other objects in space and time. Therefore, in network space, our method improves measures of the likelihood of encounters between moving objects, thereby enabling more accurate predictions of encounter events and their probabilities. Finally, the performance of the method is experimentally evaluated. In the experiment, campus road network data and simulated trip data are used to calculate the encounter probabilities of two moving objects and to determine when and where two moving objects meet with the highest probability.
Incorporating dynamic factors for improving a GIS‐based solar radiation model
Authors: Zhang Mingxi , Wang Bin , Liu De Li , Liu Jiandong , Zhang Hong , Feng Puyu , Kong Dongdong , Cleverly James , Yang Xihua , Yu Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSolar radiation has been a major input to agricultural, hydrological, and ecological modeling. However, solar radiation is usually influenced by three groups of dynamic factors: sun–earth position, terrain, and atmospheric effects. Therefore, an integrated approach to accurately consider the impacts of those dynamic factors on solar radiation is essential to estimate solar radiation over rugged terrain. In this study, a spatial and temporal gap‐filling algorithm was proposed to obtain a seamless daily MODIS albedo dataset. A 1 km‐resolution digital elevation model was used to model the impact of local topography and shading by surrounding terrain on solar radiation. A sunshine‐based model was adopted to simulate radiation under the influence of clouds. A GIS‐based solar radiation model that incorporates albedo, shading by surrounding terrain, and variations in cloudiness was used to address the spatial variability of these factors in mountainous terrain. Compared with other independent solar radiation products, our model generated a more reliable solar radiation product over rugged terrain, with an R2 of 0.88 and an RMSE of 2.55 MJ m−2 day−1. The improved solar radiation products and open source app can be used further in practice or scientific research.
IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES II, V, AND VI. II
Authors: Rebers Paul A. , Hurwitz Esther , Heidelberger Michael 
Published: January 2020

Rebers, PaulA. (Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J.),Esther Hurwitz, and Michael Heidelberger. Immunochemistry of pneumococcal types II, V, and VI. II. Inhibition tests in the type VI precipitating system. J. Bacteriol.82:920–926. 1961.—As in other immune systems involving polysaccharides, rabbit antibodies but not those engendered in the horse were found sensitive to degradation of type VI pneumococcal (Pn) polysaccharide (SVI), and were readily inhibited by fragments of SVI. Large amounts, 30 to 111 μmoles, of most sugars gave up to 15% inhibition, while sugar and polyol phosphates inhibited as much as 25%, with little relation to their presence or absence in SVI. The phosphate-free repeating unit of SVI was a good inhibitor, its phosphate monoester was better, and the “trimer” still better. The “trimer” precipitated most of the antibodies from horse anti-Pn VI.Although inhibition of precipitation of SVI anti-Pn horse sera could not be demonstrated with fragments of SVI, cross-reactions of antibodies in the horse sera could be inhibited. Precipitation of SII was inhibited by low concentrations ofl-rhamnose, while even high concentrations of the other sugar components of SII and SVI were ineffective. Precipitation by guar gum was inhibited by galactose and α- and β-methyl-galactopyranosides, also by rhamnose, although guar gum does not contain this sugar, while SVI, the antigenic determinant, does.
INFLUENCE OF GUINEA PIG PLASMA FACTORS ON PHAGOCYTOSIS OFPASTEURELLA PESTIS
Authors: Stanziale W. G. , White J. D. 
Published: January 2020

Stanziale, W. G.(Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.)and J. D. White. Influence of guinea pig plasma factors on phagocytosis ofPasteurella pestis. I. Plasma from normal guinea pigs. J. Bacteriol.83:175–181. 1962.—The existence of an enhancing effect of normal guinea pig plasma on the phagocytosis ofPasteurella pestishas been reaffirmed, using a test system consisting of neutrophils from normal nonimmune guinea pigs as the phagocytes. This enhancing influence was found to be attributable to the interplay of a thermolabile and a thermostable plasma component.The data suggest a consideration of complement as the thermolabile component, since the enhancing activity of plasma is destroyed by heating to 56 C and restored by addition of fresh plasma. The possibility that the thermolabile plasma component is opsonin was discounted. Surface alterations which did occur resulted in preserving the integrity of the envelope substance of the plague bacillus. Treatment of neutrophils with plasma prior to phagocytosis did not increase their phagocytic capacity.The thermostable enhancing component was not demonstrated to be present in any of three purified serum protein fractions tested. In fact, all of these fractions inhibited phagocytosis ofP. pestis. An enhancing effect of purified fibrinogen could not be demonstrated.
SYNCHRONIZED DIVISION OF AVIAN PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISMS
Authors: Kelton William H. 
Published: January 2020

Kelton, William
H. (University of Massachusetts, Amherst). Synchronized division of avian pleuropneumonia-like organisms. J. Bacteriol.
83:
948–955. 1962.—Evidence indicates that phosphate-buffered 0.85% saline (pH 7.0) is toxic when used for diluting cultures of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO). A technique for picking single PPLO colonies and streaking on agar medium is described.

Growth curves of eight strains of PPLO of avian origin are described. Strain S-6 showed a typical growth curve. The other strains presented the lag and logarithmic phases of growth, followed by a rapid decline in viable numbers and peaks of growth later. Additional studies showed that growth was logarithmic in young cultures of all strains.
Synchronization of division of two avian strains of PPLO appeared to have been induced by starvation for horse serum. Studies of small populations of PPLO were also made. The results of these experiments, along with the logarithmic growth, favor binary fission as the mode of reproduction.
Use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate cognitive change when using healthcare simulation tools
Authors: Taylor Natasha , Wyres Martyn , Bollard Martin , Kneafsey Rosie 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe use of brain imaging techniques in healthcare simulation is relatively rare. However, the use of mobile, wireless technique, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), is becoming a useful tool for assessing the unique demands of simulation learning. For this study, this imaging technique was used to evaluate cognitive load during simulation learning events.MethodsThis study took place in relation to six simulation activities, paired for similarity, and evaluated comparative cognitive change between the three task pairs. The three paired tasks were: receiving a (1) face-to-face and (2) video patient handover; observing a simulated scene in (1) two dimensions and (2) 360° field of vision; and on a simulated patient (1) taking a pulse and (2) taking a pulse and respiratory rate simultaneously. The total number of participants was n=12.ResultsIn this study, fNIRS was sensitive to variations in task difficulty in common simulation tools and scenarios, showing an increase in oxygenated haemoglobin concentration and a decrease in deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration, as tasks increased in cognitive load.ConclusionOverall, findings confirmed the usefulness of neurohaemoglobin concentration markers as an evaluation tool of cognitive change in healthcare simulation. Study findings suggested that cognitive load increases in more complex cognitive tasks in simulation learning events. Task performance that increased in complexity therefore affected cognitive markers, with increase in mental effort required.
Efficacy and safety of four interventions for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Guangyu , Pan Chao , Guo Wenliang , Bai Shuang , Nie Hao , Feng Yangyang , Li Gaigai , Deng Hong , Ma Yang , Zhu Suiqiang , Tang Zhouping 
Published: January 2020

ObjectTo investigate the efficacy and safety of four interventions of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage simultaneously.MethodsPubMed, EmBase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating endoscopic surgery (ES), minimally invasive puncture surgery (MIPS), conventional craniotomy (CC), and/or conservative medical treatment (CMT). Good functional outcome, death, and hemorrhage recurrence rates were evaluated by a network meta-analysis.Results20 RCTs with 3603 patients were included. Compared with CMT, a higher rate of good functional outcome was found after ES (RR=2.21, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.55) and MIPS (RR=1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.73). Both ES (RR=0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.86) and MIPS (RR=0.72, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.90) markedly reduced the rate of death. However, there was no significant difference in efficacy and safety between ES and MIPS. The top ranked P score for the efficacy outcome was for ES (P score=0.9810). ES (P-score=0.0709) ranked lowest for the primary safety outcome. There was a higher risk of hemorrhage recurrence after CC (RR=3.80, 95% CI 1.90 to 7.63) and MIPS (RR=2.86, 95% CI 1.70 to 4.82) compared with CMT whereas no significant difference was found for ES (RR=1.46, 95% CI 0.53 to 4.02).ConclusionsThe results suggest that both ES and MIPS significantly improve neurological function and reduce the risk of death compared with CMT, and there is no significant difference between ES and MIPS. Ranking of P scores revealed that ES may be the most optimal intervention to improve functional outcome and prevent death. This needs to be evaluated further.
Analytic results for deep-inelastic scattering at NNLO QCD with the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme
Authors: Asteriadis Konstantin , Caola Fabrizio , Melnikov Kirill , Röntsch Raoul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present analytic results that describe fully-differential NNLO QCD corrections to deep-inelastic scattering processes within the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme. This is the last building block required for the application of this scheme to computations of NNLO QCD corrections to arbitrary processes at hadron colliders.
HIF2-Induced Long Noncoding RNA RAB11B-AS1 Promotes Hypoxia-Mediated Angiogenesis and Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Niu Yanling , Bao Lei , Chen Yan , Wang Chenliang , Luo Maowu , Zhang Bo , Zhou Mi , Wang Jennifer E. , Fang Yisheng V. , Kumar Ashwani , Xing Chao , Wang Yingfei , Luo Weibo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Hypoxia induces a vast array of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) in breast cancer cells, but their biological functions remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a hitherto uncharacterized hypoxia-induced lncRNA RAB11B-AS1 in breast cancer cells. RAB11B-AS1 is a natural lncRNA upregulated in human breast cancer and its expression is induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF2), but not HIF1, in response to hypoxia. RAB11B-AS1 enhanced the expression of angiogenic factors including VEGFA and ANGPTL4 in hypoxic breast cancer cells by increasing recruitment of RNA polymerase II. In line with increased angiogenic factors, conditioned media from RAB11B-AS1-overexpressing breast cancer cells promoted tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that RAB11B-AS1 increased breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and promoted tumor angiogenesis and breast cancer distant metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth in mice. Taken together, these findings uncover a fundamental mechanism of hypoxia-induced tumor angiogenesis and breast cancer metastasis.

Significance:
This study reveals the molecular mechanism by which the lncRNA RAB11B-AS1 regulates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and breast cancer metastasis, and provides new insights into the functional interaction between a lncRNA and tumor microenvironment.
Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: Focusing on High-Risk Subgroups and Putting Recommendations in Context
Authors: Niehoff Nicole M. , White Alexandra J. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

While it is well-established that physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, most studies have been conducted in populations at an average underlying breast cancer risk. In this issue of Cancer Research, Kehm and colleagues present compelling evidence that adulthood physical activity is beneficial across the risk spectrum, including among women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. These findings are significant because women who are at a higher baseline risk are not engaging in sufficient physical activity to meet current guidelines but may be more motivated to do so knowing that they, like women in the general population, may benefit.
See related article by Kehm et al., p. 116
An Examination of Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Chronic Pain on Substance Misuse in a Canadian Population-Based Survey
Authors: Bilevicius Elena , Sommer Jordana L. , Keough Matthew T. , El-Gabalawy Renée 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Chronic pain and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are co-occurring, and both conditions are independently associated with substance misuse. However, limited research has examined the impact of comorbid GAD and chronic pain on substance misuse. The aim of this article was to examine the associations between comorbid GAD and chronic pain conditions compared to GAD only with nonmedical opioid use, drug abuse/dependence, and alcohol abuse/dependence in a Canadian, population-based sample. Methods: Data came from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health ( N = 25,113). Multiple logistic regressions assessed the associations between comorbid GAD and chronic pain conditions (migraine, back pain, and arthritis) on substance misuse. Results: Comorbid GAD + back pain and GAD + migraine were associated with increased odds of nonmedical opioid use compared to GAD only. However, the relationship was no longer significant after controlling for additional chronic pain conditions. No significant relationship was found between GAD + chronic pain conditions with drug or alcohol abuse/dependence. Conclusions: Comorbid GAD + back pain and GAD + migraine have a unique association with nonmedical opioid use in Canadians compared to GAD only, and chronic pain multimorbidity may be driving this relationship. Results emphasize the need for screening for substance misuse and prescription access in the context of GAD and comorbid chronic pain.