bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phase transitions in selective laser-melted 18-NI (300-grade) maraging steel
Authors: Król Mariusz , Snopiński Przemysław , Czech Adam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDilatometric studies in 18-Ni steel components fabricated by selective laser melting technique were carried out to determine the influence of heating rate on transitions occurring during the heating cycle. SLM components have been examined in controlled heating and cooling cycles. For analysis, heating of the analysed materials was carried out at heating rates of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 °C min−1. During the heating process, two solid-state reactions were identified—i.e. precipitation of intermetallic phases and the reversion of martensite to austenite. A simplified procedure based on the Kissinger equation was used to determine the activation energy of individual reactions. For precipitation of intermetallic phases, the activation energy was estimated 301 kJ mol−1, while the martensite to austenite reversion was determined at the activation energy 478 kJ mol−1.
A Systematic Review of Programs to Promote Aspects of Teen Parents’ Self-sufficiency: Supporting Educational Outcomes and Healthy Birth Spacing
Authors: Harding Jessica F. , Knab Jean , Zief Susan , Kelly Kevin , McCallum Diana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionExpectant and parenting teens experience many challenges to achieving self-sufficiency and promoting their children’s healthy development. Teen parents need support to help them address these challenges, and many different types of programs aim to support them. In this systematic review, we examine the research about programs that aim to support aspects of teen parents’ self-sufficiency by promoting their educational outcomes and healthy birth spacing.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature search of published and unpublished literature to identify studies of programs to support teen parents that met this review’s eligibility criteria. The quality and execution of the eligible study research designs were assessed to determine whether studies’ findings were at risk of bias. We then extracted information about study characteristics, outcomes, and program characteristics for studies considered to provide rigorous evidence.ResultsWe identified 58 eligible studies. Twenty-three studies were considered to provide rigorous evidence about either education, contraceptive use, or repeat pregnancy or birth. Seventeen of these studies showed at least one favorable effect on an outcome in one of these domains, whereas the other six did not show any significant or substantial effects in these domains. These 17 studies represent 14 effective programs.DiscussionEffective programs to support expectant and parenting teens have diverse characteristics, indicating there is no single approach for promoting teens’ education and healthy birth spacing. More rigorous studies of programs to support teen parents are needed to understand more about how to support teen fathers and the program characteristics associated with effectiveness.
Prescription of potentially inappropriate medications in elderly outpatients: a survey using 2015 Japanese Guidelines
Authors: Fujie Keiko , Kamei Risa , Araki Risa , Hashimoto Koichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground In recent years, rapid increase of elderly population has become a major social problem in developed countries. They tend to receive an increasing number of prescibed drugs due to multiple illnesses, which might include inappropriate medications, in turn leading to health hazards and rising healthcare cost. Objective To evaluate the current status of potentially inappropriate medications prescribed for elderly outpatients and filled by dispensing pharmacies using the recent Japanese Guidelines, and to determine factors that are related to prescribing potentially inappropriate medications. Setting A cross-sectional study of older patients (≥ 75 years) who visited dispensing pharmacies in the Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Method We identified patients prescribed potentially inappropriate medications using the “List of Medications that Require Particularly Careful Administration” in the Guidelines (Guideline List). We explored patient’s factors related to polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) and prescription of inappropriate medications through multivariate analysis, and a cutoff value for predicting potentially inappropriate medications through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Main outcome measure Prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications, and patient’s factors associated with them. Results Of 8080 patients (39,252 medications) who visited pharmacies during the study period, 43.1% (3481) were prescribed ≥ 5 medications. In total, 2157 patients (26.7%) were prescribed at least one potentially inappropriate medication. The most prescribed inappropriate medication class was (benzodiazepine) sedatives and hypnotics. Potentially inappropriate medications were 7.11 times (95% CI 6.29–8.03) and 1.51 times (1.34–1.71) more likely to be prescribed for patients with ≥ 5 medications and those prescribed by multiple physicians, respectively. A cutoff value for potentially inappropriate medications was found to be five for the total number of medications and four for the number of chronic medications with a systemic effect. Conclusion Prescription of potentially inappropriate medications was increased among patients with ≥ 5 medications and those chronically prescribed ≥ 4 medications with a systemic effect. The Guideline List should be actively used to screen such patients, and to carefully examine prescriptions. Particular care should be exercised when patients are visiting multiple physicians.
Care Robot Orientation: What, Who and How? Potential Users’ Perceptions
Authors: Johansson-Pajala Rose-Marie , Thommes Kirsten , Hoppe Julia A. , Tuisku Outi , Hennala Lea , Pekkarinen Satu , Melkas Helinä , Gustafsson Christine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExploring the specific field of care robot orientation generates many questions regarding the meaning, content and how it should be conducted. The issue is important due to the general digitalisation and implementation of welfare technology and care robots. The aim of the study was to explore perceptions of care robot orientation from the potential users’ perspective. Data were collected by focus group interviews in Finland, Germany and Sweden. In all three countries, potential user groups were represented: older adults, relatives, professional caregivers and care service managers. A qualitative descriptive method was used for analysing data. The data revealed three aspects of care robot orientation: (1) What care robot orientation is, (2) Who needs it and by Whom it should be given and (3) How it should be performed. The need for care robot orientation is general in society. In the absence of knowledge about care robots, it is nearly impossible to know what to ask for or actually seek information about. Therefore, care robot orientation must be founded on agile implementation planning for care robots, with a firm basis in trustworthy knowledge and information and respecting individuals’ wishes. This also gives rise to an ethical challenge when care robots are offered to people having reduced decision-making ability (dementia, cognitive impairment), along with the issue of who then should make the decision. The mapping of the What, Who/Whom and How aspects of care robot orientation offers a foundation for the creation of orientation models, which might facilitate structured and goal-oriented care robot orientation strategies.
Expectations to data: Perspectives of service providers and users of future health and wellness services
Authors: Häikiö Juha , Yli-Kauhaluoma Sari , Pikkarainen Minna , Iivari Marika , Koivumäki Timo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe healthcare and wellness sector currently attempts to provide more proactive service models with data-driven solutions. This study examines the expectations and values related to personal data i.e. data valences from the perspective of service providers and individual users. The study is based on the analysis of extensive empirical material collected through interviews and a collaborative workshop. The data was collected in one cultural context, Finland. The results suggest that the potential service providers and users have similar expectations regarding self-evidence of data while the main differences concern the expectations of transparency. The results of the study propose some basic requirements for the development of personalised data-driven services in future. The study suggests that basic requirements for the development of future data driven services concern expectations to usable data visualisations, data as a motivator, data accuracy and data transparency. Even though there are varying expectations to personal health data and even some concerns, it can be seen that here different ecosystem actors primarily perceived the wider use of personal health and wellness data as a positive trend. It can be concluded that collaborative personal data-driven service ecosystems are an integral part of development towards proactive service models in healthcare.
Neuroprotective Effects of Necrostatin-1 Against Oxidative Stress–Induced Cell Damage: an Involvement of Cathepsin D Inhibition
Authors: Jantas Danuta , Chwastek Jakub , Grygier Beata , Lasoń Władysław 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNecroptosis, a recently discovered form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, can be implicated in many pathological conditions including neuronal cell death. Moreover, an inhibition of this process by necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) has been shown to be neuroprotective in in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia. However, the involvement of this type of cell death in oxidative stress–induced neuronal cell damage is less recognized. Therefore, we tested the effects of Nec-1, an inhibitor of necroptosis, in the model of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and murine hippocampal HT-22 cell lines. The data showed that Nec-1 (10–40 μM) attenuated the cell death induced by H2O2in undifferentiated (UN-) and neuronal differentiated (RA-) SH-SY5Y cells with a higher efficacy in the former cell type. Moreover, Nec-1 partially reduced cell damage induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in UN- and RA-SH-SY5Y cells. The protective effect of Nec-1 was of similar magnitude as the effect of a caspase-3 inhibitor in both cell phenotypes and this effect were not potentiated after combined treatment. Furthermore, the non-specific apoptosis and necroptosis inhibitor curcumin augmented the beneficial effect of Nec-1 against H2O2-evoked cell damage albeit only in RA-SH-SY5Y cells. Next, it was found that the mechanisms of neuroprotective effect of Nec-1 against H2O2-induced cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells involved the inhibition of lysosomal protease, cathepsin D, but not caspase-3 or calpain activities. In HT-22 cells, Nec-1 was protective in two models of oxidative stress (H2O2and glutamate) and that effect was blocked by a caspase inhibitor. Our data showed neuroprotective effects of the necroptosis inhibitor, Nec-1, against oxidative stress–induced cell damage and pointed to involvement of cathepsin D inhibition in the mechanism of its action. Moreover, a cell type–specific interplay between necroptosis and apoptosis has been demonstrated.
Bored and online: Reasons for using social media, problematic social networking site use, and behavioral outcomes across the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood
Authors: Stockdale Laura A. , Coyne Sarah M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe current study examined motivations for social networking site use across three years during the transition from late adolescence to emerging adulthood. While research has been conducted examining reasons for social networking site usage and behavior, the clear majority have focused on samples of undergraduate college students and are cross‐sectional.MethodsChanges in motivations for using social networking sites were examined in relation to problematic social networking site use and several behavioral and mental health outcomes in a sample of adolescents over three years.ResultsUsing social networking sites to connect with others was relatively stable over a three‐year period. However, using social networking sites to seek information increased from late adolescence to emerging adulthood and was not related to any negative outcomes across three years. Using social networking sites to alleviate boredom also increased over time. Initial levels of social media use to alleviate boredom were associated with problematic social networking site use, financial stress, anxiety, and empathy at year three. Increases in using social networking sites to socially connect over time was related to problematic social networking site use, anxiety, delinquency, and empathy at year three. Using social networking sites for any reason was not related to depressive symptoms over three years.ConclusionsThe current study supports the growing body of literature suggesting that using social networking sites to alleviate boredom and socially connect, may place individuals at increased risk for developing pathological tendencies and patterns of behavior towards social networking sites.
Re-evaluating Political Trust: The Impact of Survey Nonresponse in Rural China
Authors: Ratigan Kerry , Rabin Leah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHas survey nonresponse caused scholars to overestimate political trust in China? We analyse item nonresponse for sensitive questions on trust in government from our original survey of villagers conducted in China in 2012. We also analyse nonresponse in four other comparable surveys conducted in China between 1993 and 2014. We examine the association between nonresponse to politically sensitive questions and individual characteristics such as sex, level of education, Party membership and cosmopolitanism. We find that less privileged groups may be underrepresented in survey data generally. We find mixed results regarding the association between cosmopolitanism and nonresponse. We conclude that our understanding of political trust in China has been compromised by high rates of item nonresponse, leading to artificially high estimates of trust in the centre and exaggerated accounts of the gap between trust in central and local leaders.
Disentangling multiproblem behavior in male young adults: A cluster analysis
Authors: Zijlmans Josjan , van Duin Laura , Jorink Maaike , Marhe Reshmi , Luijks Marie-Jolette A. , Crone Matty , Popma Arne , Bevaart Floor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiproblem young adults present with major problems across key life domains, but empirical studies investigating the nature of multiproblem behavior in accordance to ecobiodevelopmental theory are scarce. To address this gap, we performed a cluster analysis on indicators spanning the key life domains addiction, mental health, social network, and justice. In a large sample (N = 680) of multiproblem young adults, we identified five subgroups labeled “severe with alcohol and cannabis problems” (4.3%), “severe with cannabis problems” (25.6%), “severe without alcohol or drug problems” (33.2%), “moderate with mental health problems” (22.9%), and “moderate without mental health problems” (14.0%). There were large differences between the severe and moderate groups in terms of childhood risk factors such as emotional and physical abuse, concerning baseline functioning such as comorbid disorders and aggressive behavior, and in the outcome measure of violent offending. Our findings indicate that multiproblem young adult behavior clusters within profiles that differ according to the severity and nature of problems. Investing in screening for clustered problems may be beneficial for early problem differentiation and selection of appropriate intervention before and during treatment programs.
GPS‐Based LEO Orbits Referenced to the Earth's Center of Mass
Authors: Couhert Alexandre , Delong Nicolas , Ait‐Lakbir Hanane , Mercier Flavien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System satellite clock solutions of the International Global Navigation Satellite System Service are aligned to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame origin. This strategy is not sufficient to model correctly the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, because the geocenter motion is not taken into account for the ground station positions in these solutions. In order to be consistent with the dynamic motion of a LEO satellite, and also with the other measurement systems where the geocenter motion can be modeled (e.g., Satellite Laser Ranging and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite), it is necessary to take into account or mitigate the miscentering effect of the constellation solution. In this paper, we use a parametric model representing the reference network translations, and this model can be adjusted in the OSTM/Jason‐2 and Jason‐3 LEO satellites orbit determination.
Rupture Of Veined Granite In Polyaxial Compression: Insights From Three‐Dimensional Discrete Element Method Modeling
Authors: Shang Junlong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGranite formations have been frequently involved in subsurface energy‐related activities such as radioactive waste disposal, oil, and gas storage. This is principally because of their mechanical stability, low permeability, and high corrosion resistance. These favorable properties, however, can be compromised by the addition of mineral veins, which tend to occur ubiquitously in upper crustal rock formations. Evaluation of the impact of veins on the integrity and rupture characteristics of granite, especially under true triaxial stresses, is therefore important yet currently underemphasized. This study examines the rupture of veined granite in polyaxial compression via a discrete element method model. In the model with soft veins, the rupture is localized along the fabricated inclined veins (45° relative to the horizontal with strike running in the σ2 direction) under low confining stresses (σ2 < 67 MPa); in contrast, a combined rupture of veins and granite matrix is observed when σ2 is increased to 141.6 MPa. Shear sliding along the inclined veins is revealed by examining the displacement field. Shear‐induced volumetric dilation is suspected in the soft‐veined models in relatively low confining stresses (σ2 < 67 MPa) with sliding and dilation behavior apparently suppressed at σ2 = 141.6 MPa. Hard veins impede local rupture, resulting in conjugate shear bands. The well‐recognized σ2 effect is observed for the hard‐veined models, while no pronounced σ2 effect is noticed for the soft‐veined models. This study also reveals that vein thickness has a negligible impact on rupture characteristics, which is however profoundly affected by vein orientation.
Spatial Variations of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maxima During Thermal Stratification in a Large, Deep Subtropical Reservoir
Authors: Liu Miao , Zhang Yunlin , Shi Kun , Melack John , Zhang Yibo , Zhou Yongqiang , Zhu Mengyuan , Zhu Guangwei , Wu Zhixu , Liu Mingliang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSubsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) are found in stratified lakes, reservoirs, and oceans. Spatial variations of the SCM magnitude, depth, and thickness during stratification and related factors were examined in a large, deep subtropical reservoir, Lake Qiandaohu. Significant spatial differences in the SCM parameters were found throughout the lake as thermal stratification developed in the late spring of 2014. SCM depth and thickness were positively correlated with euphotic depth and mixed layer depth but negatively correlated with epilimnetic nutrient concentrations. SCM magnitude was negatively correlated with euphotic depth and mixed layer depth and positively correlated with epilimnetic nutrient concentrations. Seasonal variations in SCM differed among subregions of the lake, which were related to seasonal differences in environmental parameters. SCM (averaging 66.2 mg/m2 in spring and 96.4 mg/m2 in summer) accounted for about 82% of the total areal chlorophyll of the water column (Tchl), and the SCM magnitude was better correlated with Tchl than the surface chlorophyll concentration. This study contributes to understanding of factors causing spatial variations in of SCM in the deep subtropical lakes.
3‐D Architecture and Plio‐Quaternary Evolution of the Paola Basin: Insights Into the Forearc of the Tyrrhenian‐Ionian Subduction System
Authors: Corradino M. , Pepe F. , Bertotti G. , Picotti V. , Monaco C. , Nicolich R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing seismic reflection profiles and bathymetric data, we analyzed the stratigraphy and tectonics of the Paola Basin, providing information on the dynamic of the forearc of the Tyrrhenian‐Ionian subduction system. The Paola Basin is a NNW‐SSE trending syncline, bounded by the Coastal Chain to the east and the Paola Anticline to the west. It hosts up to 5.2 km thick Plio‐Quaternary deposits, most of them supplied from Apenninic/Sila entry points and transported by longshore currents. The total subsidence reaches a value of ∼5 km. The sedimentary load varies from 60% to 75% of the total subsidence. The Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene sedimentary infill of the syncline displays a strata growth geometry consistent with a continuous rotation of the eastern limb of the Paola Anticline. Crustal folding can explain both the tectonic subsidence of the Paola Basin and the uplift of the Paola Anticline. To the east of the basin, Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene growth of the central sector of the Coastal Chain led to the definition of the Paola and Crati basins, previously connected in a larger proto basin. The trench‐parallel component of the plate movement was accommodated by a strike‐slip zone, with associated releasing and restraining bends coinciding with the Paola Anticline. The bathymetric expression of the strike‐slip zone consists of structural highs and depressions that overall form the Paola Ridge. Since the Middle Pleistocene, the growth of the Paola Anticline and Paola Basin came to an end and extensional tectonics controlled the evolution of the forearc region.
NBS1 is required for SPO11-linked DNA double-strand break repair in male meiosis
Authors: Zhang Bin , Tang Zhenghui , Li Lejun , Lu Lin-Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose a serious threat to genomic stability. Paradoxically, hundreds of programed DSBs are generated by SPO11 in meiotic prophase, which are exclusively repaired by homologous recombination (HR) to promote obligate crossover between homologous chromosomes. In somatic cells, MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex-dependent DNA end resection is a prerequisite for HR repair, especially for DSBs that are covalently linked with proteins or chemicals. Interestingly, all meiotic DSBs are linked with SPO11 after being generated. Although MRN complex’s function in meiotic DSB repair has been established in lower organisms, the role of MRN complex in mammalian meiotic DSB repair is not clear. Here, we show that MRN complex is essential for repairing meiotic SPO11-linked DSBs in male mice. In male germ cells, conditional inactivation of NBS1, a key component of MRN complex, causes dramatic reduction of DNA end resection and defective HR repair in meiotic prophase. NBS1 loss severely disrupts chromosome synapsis, generates abnormal chromosome structures, and eventually leads to meiotic arrest and male infertility in mice. Unlike in somatic cells, the recruitment of NBS1 to SPO11-linked DSB sites is MDC1-independent but requires other phosphorylated proteins. Collectively, our study not only reveals the significance of MRN complex in repairing meiotic DSBs but also discovers a unique mechanism that recruits MRN complex to SPO11-linked DSB sites.