bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers and barriers of water intake in preschool children in a one-year longitudinal field study in Poland
Authors: Bottin Jeanne H. , Boesen-Mariani Sabine , Guelinckx Isabelle , Franks Bradley , Dornic Quentin , Verhoeven Aukje , Lahlou Saadi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany children consume too little water and too many sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), with potential negative consequences for health. Sustainably increasing water intake is therefore relevant, however challenging.ObjectiveExplore drivers of and barriers to water intake during a one-year field study aiming to increase plain water consumption using Installation Theory in Polish preschool children.MethodCaregivers of children (3–6 yrs) completed questionnaires on the child's preference for water and SSBs, water drinking habit strength (Self-Report Habit Index, range 1 (low)-5 (high habit)), and barriers to drinking water, at baseline and after one year. Children were first allocated to one of three interventions: CONTROL: no intervention; INFO: online coaching sessions on water health benefits (3 weeks); INFO + W: similar coaching sessions and home water delivery (3 weeks). After 3 months, half of INFO and INFO + W subjects were exposed to an online discussion forum (3 weeks) (+ SOCIAL); the other half received no further intervention (-SOCIAL).Results334 children (age: 4.4 ± 1.2 yrs; 50% female) completed the study. At baseline,72% attended kindergarten, among which 48% had access to water during the day. Drinking water during class was not allowed for 41%. The proportion of children who liked or loved water increased from 28% at baseline to 67% after one year. Conversely, that of children who liked or loved SSBs decreased from 58% at baseline to 45% after one year. The increase in preference for water was greater in groups who initially received INFO + W compared to CONTROL (p = 0.004). The mean drinking water habit score increased from 2.3 at baseline to 3.0 across all groups with a larger increase in INFO + W + SOCIAL (+ 28%) compared to CONTROL (+ 16%) (p = 0.001). At baseline, the strongest barriers to drinking water were (1) Drinking large amounts of other beverages (72%), (2) A preference for other beverages such as SSBs (71%), (3) Not being aware that they should drink more water (61%), and (4) Not being used to drinking water or water having no taste (both 55%).Most barriers strongly decreased over the course of the study with no specific effect of the interventions.ConclusionAn intervention aiming to increase water in pre-school children was able to modulate the preference for water, habit to drink water, and barriers to drinking water in preschool children with unhealthy drinking habits. Providing information and facilitating access to water were the most important contributors to improving healthy hydration habits.
Impact of proanthocyanidin-rich apple intake on gut microbiota composition and polyphenol metabolomic activity in healthy mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects
Authors: Koutsos Athanasios , Ulaszewska Maria M. , Trošt Kajetan , Stanstrup Jan , Mariani Letizia , Galvin Amanda , Braune Tanya , Fava Francesca , Franciosi Elena , Pindo Massimo , Scholz Matthias , Mattivi Fulvio , Tuohy Kieran , Lovegrove Julie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), the largest polyphenolic class in apples, can reach the colon almost intact where they interact with the gut microbiota producing simple phenolic acids. These metabolites have the potential to modulate gut microbiota composition and activity and impact on host physiology. A randomized, controlled, crossover, dietary intervention study was performed to determine the broad effects of whole apple intake on fecal gut microbiota composition and activity. Forty heathy mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers (23 women, 17 men), with a mean BMI (± SD) 25.3 ± 3.7 kg/m2 and age 51 ± 11 years, consumed 2 apples/day (Renetta Canada, rich in PAs), or a sugar matched control apple beverage, for 8 weeks separated by a 4-week washout period in a random order. Fecal and 24-h urine samples were collected before and after each treatment. The broad effects of apple intake on fecal gut microbiota composition were explored by the high throughput sequencing (HTS) of 16S rRNA gene lllumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region). Sequencing data analysis was performed using the Quantitative Insight Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) open-source pipeline version 1.9.1. Specific bacterial groups were also enumerated using the quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Furthermore, the potential formation of microbial polyphenol metabolites, after apple intake, was explored in urine using Liquid Chromatography (LC) High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) metabolomics. Preliminary analysis showed no changes in gut microbiota abundances measured by Illumina MiSeq, after correction for multiple testing. Apple intake significantly decreased Enterobacteriaceae population (P = 0.04) compared to the control beverage, as determined with FISH. Twenty-four polyphenol microbial metabolites were identified in higher concentrations in the apple group (P < 0.05) compared to the control, including valerolactones, valeric and phenolic acids. In conclusion, preliminary data suggest that the daily intake of 2 Renetta Canada apples significantly decreased Enterobacteriaceae population, a family known for its pathogenic members, in healthy mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects. Moreover, several polyphenol microbial metabolites were identified, suggesting that microbial activity is crucial and a prerequisite for the absorption of apple polyphenols, producing active metabolites with potential health benefits.
Cardioprotective properties of a novel enriched yogurt with inhibitors of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
Authors: Detopoulou Maria , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Mikellidi Αnastasia , Vlachogianni Ιoanna , Xanthopoulou Μarianna , Argyrou Chrysa , Nomikos Tzortzis , Yannakoulia Mary , Antonopoulou Smaragdi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlatelet Activating Factor (PAF) is a pro-inflammatory mediator of atherogenesis. Food enriched with PAF inhibitors may have potential cardioprotective properties. In this attempt our group along with a well-known Greek dairy company incorporated bioactive ingredients (BAL) from olive-oil by-products, rich in PAF receptor specific inhibitors, into another typical food of the Mediterranean diet, namely yogurt. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cardioprotective properties of the enriched yogurt in apparently healthy volunteers.Ninety two apparently healthy volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization based on age, sex and BMI. The volunteers in Group A did not consume any yogurt. The volunteers of Group B consumed a non-enriched yogurt daily. The Group C volunteers ate daily an enriched yogurt. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. Volunteers’ adherence to the study protocol was assessed by two 24 h recalls every two weeks conducted by trained personnel. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, at 4th week and at 8th week of the intervention and biochemical and inflammatory markers were determined. In addition, platelet aggregation in volunteers’ platelet rich plasma against PAF, ADP and TRAP were measured and the results expressed as the concentration of the agonist that cause 50% of the maximum aggregation (EC50, efficient concentration fifty values).Among classical anthropometric and biochemical markers, only a decrease of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) levels was observed (p0–8weeks < 0.05) in group B but with no clinical significance. Reduced levels of IL-10 was observed in group C compared to B both in the meantime (p4weeks = 0.01) and at the end of the intervention (p8weeks = 0.04). Furthermore, platelet sensitivity against PAF was only decreased (higher EC50 PAF,) in group C (p0–4weeks = 0.005 and p0–8weeks = 0.05). A trial effect was observed in the meantime among the three groups (p = 0.03).The consumption of the enriched yogurt led to attenuation of subclinical inflammation and platelet sensitivity to thrombotic stimuli in apparently healthy volunteers, indicating a potential cardioprotective role of PAF inhibitors.The work is funded by SYNERGASIA 2011 PROGRAMME. This Programme is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and National Resources, Project Code 11SYN-2-652.
Colonic dysmotility and inflammation associated with high fat diet-induced obesity: role of the enteric glia
Authors: Fornai Matteo , Pellegrini Carolina , D'Antongiovanni Vanessa , Benvenuti Laura , Bernardini Nunzia , Ippolito Chiara , Segnani Cristina , Colucci Rocchina , van den Wijngaard Renè , Blandizzi Corrado , Antonioli Luca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionEnteric glial cells (EGCs) contribute to the regulation of bowel motility, and have been implicated in the onset and development of several digestive disorders. However, the involvement of EGCs in obesity-related intestinal dysmotility is unknown. Accordingly, this study examined the role of EGCs in colonic neuromuscular dysfunctions in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.Materials and MethodsC57BL/6 male mice (n = 6 per group) were fed with standard diet (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Body and epididymal fat weight, and blood fasting glucose levels were evaluated the day before sacrifice. Colonic longitudinal muscle strips were set up in organ baths with Krebs solution and connected to isometric transducers. The effects of fluorocitrate (FC, gliotoxin) were tested on contractile responses mediated by NK1 tachykininergic receptors upon application of electrical stimuli (0.5 ms, 28 V, 10 Hz) [incubation with atropine, guanethidine, L-NAME, GR159897 and SB218795 (NK2 and NK3 antagonists, respectively)] or exogenous substance P (SP). Colonic levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA) and occludin (a tight junction protein involved the maintenance of mucosal barrier) were measured. Cultured rat EGCs were exposed to palmitate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), either alone or in combination, to mimic the exposure to HFD. IL-1β and SP levels were then assessed in cell supernatants, while toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression was evaluated in cell lysates.ResultsHFD-mice displayed increments of body weight, epididymal fat weight and blood glucose levels. In in vitro experiments, electrically induced colonic tachykininergic contractions were enhanced in HFD mice, as compared with SD animals. No differences were observed when comparing contractions to exogenous SP. The increase in electrically evoked tachykininergic contractions was blunted upon incubation with the gliotoxin FC. Exogenous SP-induced contractions were not affected by FC. HFD mice displayed an increase in colonic IL-1β, IL-6 and MDA levels and a reduced occludin expression, as compared with SD mice. Exposure of EGCs to palmitate, alone or in combination with LPS, resulted in a significant increase in TLR4 expression, while LPS alone was without effects. The combination of palmitate and LPS increased significantly IL-1β and SP levels in cell supernatants, while single treatments were without effects.DiscussionHFD is characterized by colonic dysmotility along with bowel inflammation, oxidative stress, and an impairment of mucosal barrier integrity. In this setting, the hyperactivation of EGCs, likely via TLR4, appears to contribute to inflammation and colonic tachykininergic motor dysfunctions.
Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure following Gastric Bypass Surgery: Impact on Total Body Weight.
Authors: Naseer Fathimath , Price Ruth , McElroy Adele , Le Roux Carel , Redpath Tamsyn , Martin Melanie , Livingstone Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBariatric surgery, including Gastric Bypass (GBP) Surgery, is the most efficient modality to manage severe obesity. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) is an area of interest in the context of weight loss (WL) as it has been postulated to be an independent predictor of WL success following GBP. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of REE on WL following GBP. 31 GBP patients (77.4% females BMI 45.5 ± 7.0kg/m2 ; 47.3 ± 11.6y) and 32 weight-stable controls (46.9% females; BMI 27.0 ± 4.6kg/m2 ; 41.1 ± 13.5y) were assessed at one-month pre-surgery and at 3 and 12-months post-surgery. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare). REE was measured under standardised conditions using indirect calorimetry (ECAL, Metabolic Health Solutions). Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS v24.0, Armonk, NY. Multiple regression analysis showed that FM (P = 0.001), FFM (P < 0.0001) and gender (P = 0.012) significantly predicted the interindividual variability in REE. Total body weight (TBW) was removed from the model due to collinearity. Adjusted-REE values were then generated using the above predictor variables. Low-REE and high-REE groups were created using within-group adjusted-REE split. At both follow-ups (3- and 12-months post-surgery), patients had a greater reduction in TBW, FM, FFM, measured-REE and adjusted-REE values compared with controls (P < 0.0001). There was also no significant difference between measured and adjusted-REE values at all time-points (P > 0.05). Patients with high REEs at baseline lost more TBW than those in the low-REE group at 3-months post-surgery (-24.9 ± 6.5 kg vs. -16.6 ± 7.0 kg; P = 0.005) and 12-months post-surgery (-41.3 ± 12.5 kg vs. -25.8 ± 10.4.0 kg; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in mean TBW changes for controls in the low-and high-REE groups at both follow-ups. Patients with high REEs at 3-months post-surgery did not lose more TBW than those in the low-REE group at 12-months post-surgery (-30.1 ± 12.8 kg vs. -38.6 ± 14.4 kg; P = 0.155). Similarly, there was no difference in mean TBW reduction between controls in the low- and high-REE groups (P = 0.115). Thus while patients with a high adjusted-REE value at baseline (> 9746.6kJ/day) lost more weight at 3- and 12-months post-GBP, it is plausible that from the third to the 12th month post-surgery, other key drivers of weight loss, particularly the reduction in energy intake are more important in predicting WL. Further research with a larger sample size is required to increase the chances of detecting a true effect.
Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis: The DIETA trial – Dietetic IntervEntion in psoriaTic Arthritis
Authors: Leite Beatriz , Morimoto Melissa , Gomes Carina , Klemz Barbara , Genaro Patricia , Damasceno Nagila , Szejnfeld Vera , Pinheiro Marcelo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe oxidative stress has been considered one of the main aspects related to psoriatic arthritis (PsA), diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Based in the premise that there is a close relationship between the metabolic and inflammatory domain in PsA patients, our aim was to evaluate the role of a 12-week nutritional intervention, including hypocaloric diet and antioxidant supplementation, on inflammatory markers and disease activity in patients with PsA.A total of 97 patients diagnosed with PsA (CASPAR, 2006) were included in this randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Patients were distributed in three different groups: control (C) that received placebo (3 g of soybean oil); diet plus supplementation (DS) with hypocaloric diet plus omega 3 supplementation (3g); diet (D) with hypocaloric diet plus placebo supplementation (3 g of soybean oil). It was evaluated skin (PASI and BSA) and joint activity (DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR, BASDAI) and biochemical parameters, such as inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, adiponectin, TBARs) and glucose and fat metabolism serum levels (HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, AGER, oxidized- LDL, electronegative LDL (-) and anti-LDL (-) autoantibody) at baseline (T0) and after 12-week intervention (T3). Descriptive statistics are expressed as mean, standard deviation and frequency. Results were then compared using Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Wilocoxon, Man-Whitney and T-Student test and multiple regressions. Level of significance was set as p < 0.05.At baseline there was an increase of inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, TBARs, AGER, LDL modifications), decrease of anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) and high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (41.2%) and peripheral insulin resistance (60%). Our data showed a significant correlation between electronegative LDL and PASI and a correlation between AGER and DAS28-ESR, indicating that a decrease of inflammatory parameters could be related to skin and joint improvement. However, after 12-week nutritional intervention there has no improvement of proinflammatory markers in the group. There was only a significant increase of adiponectin serum levels in all 3 groups, suggesting a benefit effect on chronic inflammation. According our results, omega 3 supplementation was not more effective to improve inflammation, oxidative stress and disease activity.
The development of a short food frequency questionnaire to assess diet quality in UK adolescents
Authors: Shaw Sarah , Crozier Sarah , Strommer Sofia , Inskip Hazel , Barker Mary , Vogel Christina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUK adolescents have poorer diets than other age groups. Improving adolescents’ diets has the potential to improve their health now and in later life, and the health of their future offspring. Established dietary assessment techniques can be difficult to use with adolescents due to high participant burdens. Robust and easy-to-implement techniques are required to assess adolescent diet in large-scale studies. This study aimed to identify the key indicator foods that contribute most to better quality dietary patterns in UK adolescents for use in a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Dietary data, collected using 4-day diet diaries, and nutritional biomarker data from waves 1–8 of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme were used. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 139 food groups to identify the key indicator foods that contribute most to better quality dietary patterns.A 20-group diet score was calculated using coefficients for the 20 indicator foods from the 139-group PCA and multiplying by their standardised reported frequency of consumption. Scores were standardised to a mean of zero and a standard deviation (SD) of one.The association and the agreement between the 139-group diet quality score and 20-group score were calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman limits of agreement, respectively. Spearman's correlations were used to examine the associations between the two diet quality scores and nutritional biomarkers.NDNS dietary data were available for 1282 boys and 1305 girls aged 11–18 years. The first PCA component explained 3.0% of variance in the dietary data. A high-quality diet was characterised by greater consumption of fruit, vegetables, beans and pulses, wholegrains, nuts, and tap water, plus lower consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, chips, processed meats, white bread, crisps, whole milk, baked beans, and added sugar.A correlation of 0.86 was observed between the full 139-group score and the 20-group score with the difference between being 0 SDs. Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement were -0.98 to 0.98 SDs. Correlations, in the expected direction, were seen between the 139-group score and all nutritional biomarkers (25-hydroxyvitamin D(rs = 0.14), vitamin C(rs = 0.30), total carotenoids(rs = 0.25), total serum folate(rs = 0.42), homocysteine(rs = -0.25) and vitamin B12(rs = 0.21)). Correlations with the 20-group score were only slightly attenuated.The 20-group diet quality score showed reasonable agreement with the full 139-item score. Both scores were correlated with nutritional biomarkers. A short 20-item FFQ can provide a meaningful and easy-to-implement tool to assess diet quality in adolescents.
Relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess fruit and vegetable intake in healthy older adults
Authors: Neville Charlotte , McKinley Michelle , Kee Frank , Young Ian , Cardwell Chris , Woodside Jayne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccurate assessment of dietary intake in older populations is important for determining the role of diet in healthy ageing. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a commonly used dietary assessment tool, however there is limited evidence regarding its utility for accurately assessing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in older adults. The objective of this study was to validate FV intakes estimated from the FFQ used in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA) against a food diary (FD).A dietary validation study was conducted in a sub-sample of 95 participants (45 males, 50 females, aged > 50 years) from NICOLA. Participants were asked to complete a FFQ and 4-day FD (reference method) at two time-points (Month 0 and Month 6). Self-reported FV intakes were compared between methods using Spearman's correlation coefficients, examining the percentage of participants classified into the same or adjacent quartile of FV intake, weighted kappa and Bland-Altman plots.Median fruit, vegetable and total FV intake were significantly higher in the FFQ than the FD at both Month 0 and Month 6 (all p < 0.001). Significant positive correlations (all p < 0.05) were observed between the FFQ and FD estimates of FV intake at both time-points (Month 0, r = 0.57, 0.50 and 0.49 for fruit, vegetables, total FV, respectively; Month 6 r = 0.56, 0.42 and 0.50, respectively). When FV intakes were classified into fourths (based upon quartiles of total FV portions by FD or FFQ), 80 % and 79 % of participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartile at Month 0 and Month 6, respectively. Weighted kappa indicated a fair-moderate agreement between the two methods for FV intake (weighted kappa = 0.35 and 0.37 at Month 0 and Month 6, respectively). Bland-Altman plots showed that, as FV intake increased, there was a widening in limits of agreements, between the FFQ and FD. There was also a significant positive correlation noted between total FV intakes reported at Month 0 and those reported at Month 6 (r = 0.70, p < 0.001).Over-reporting of FV intake was evident with the FFQ compared to the FD, however, the results showed good comparability between the methods in being able to rank older adults according to their FV intake. An additional analysis of FV biomarkers obtained from this sample will provide a more objective assessment of FV intake by each method.