bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Risk factors for non-communicable chronic disease in northwest China
Authors: Wang Weihua , Qiu Lin , Sa Rina , Li Xia , Liu Feng , Zhou Zhongliang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Behavioral risk factors (BRFs) and biological risk factors contribute majorly to the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. We aimed to explore the covariation, cluster and distribution of risk behaviors in northwest China. Material/Methods Multistage clustering sampling was adopted to select participants for the survey. We obtained the data and investigate the prevalence and clustering pattern (mean number of risk factors) of eight risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases, including four behavioral risk factors (smoking, drinking, consumption of fruit and vegetables, physical activity) and four biological risk factors (overweight and obesity, raised blood pressure, raised fasting blood glucose and raised total serum cholesterol). Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to investigate the independent demographic and socioeconomic covariates of clustering of the eight risk factors.Results The prevalence of eight risk factors in northwest China were found: insufficient fruit and vegetable intake,59.82%; overweight and obesity, 46.82%; raised blood pressure, 30.88%; Current smoking, 28.21%; physical inactivity, 24.63%; raised total serum cholesterol, 20.96%; raised blood glucose, 4.27% and harmful use of alcohol, 2.16%. 64.73% of the Chinese in northwest China had two or more risk factors. Being a male, old, living in rural areas, having a lower education level and being separated, divorced or widowed all tends to have more BRFs. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases among residents in northwest China. Public health interventions are needed to reduce these risk factors and ought to target those who are male, old, poorly educated and live in rural areas.
Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by low cost and waste biosorbents (lemon, bean and artichoke shells)
Authors: Ergüvenerler Feyza , Targan Şerif , Tirtom Vedia Nüket 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSimple, fast, effective, low cost and waste biosorbents, lemon, bean and artichoke shells, were used to remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solution. The influence of pH, contact time, temperature and lead (II) concentration of the removal process was investigated. The sufficient contact time was deemed 10 minutes for bean and artichoke shells and 60 minutes for lemon shells for Pb(II) ions. The thermodynamic parameters, such as standard free energy (ΔG), standard enthalpy (ΔH), and standard entropy (ΔS) of the adsorption process were calculated as −5.6786, −5.5758, −3.1488 kJmol−1 for ΔG, −7.2791, −20.285, −9.5561 kJ mol−1 for ΔH, −0.00545, −0.05017, −0.02185 kJ mol−1 K−1 for ΔS, respectively, for lemon, artichoke and bean shells. Maximum adsorption capacities of lead (II) were observed as 61.30 mg g−1, 88.5 mg g−1 and 62.81 mg g−1, respectively, for lemon, bean and artichoke shells according to the Freundlich isotherm model at 20 °C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) were used to characterize the surface morphology of the adsorbents. Consequently, Pb(II) removal using lemon, bean and artichoke shells would be an effective method for the economic treatment of wastewater.
Papain Mediated Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Encore the Potency of Bioconjugated Flutamide
Authors: Xu Xiao , Man Libo 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer death after lung cancer in the US. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly effective therapeutic drug at substantially low doses.

Objective:
Anti-androgen drug flutamide was delivered to the prostate cancer cells using Papain Mediated
Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles (PGNPs) as the drug delivery system. PGNPs and flutamide
worked synergistically against cancer cells.

Methods:
Flutamide was used to bioconjugate with PGNPs to improve its efficacy against prostate
cancer. The synthesis and bioconjugation of flutamide with PGNPs (F-PGNPs) were characterized by
various characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and zeta potential to ensure the synthesis, size, shape, size
distribution, and stability. The drug loading efficiency of flutamide in F-PGNPs was confirmed and
validated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Eventually, in vitro studies were performed to determine the potency
of F-PGNPs, changes in nuclear morphology, and generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).

Results:
The efficacy of F-PGNPs (IC50 is 46.54 μg/mL) was found to be improved significantly over
pure flutamide (IC50 is 64.63 μg/mL) against human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line whereas F-PGNPs
did not show any significant toxicity up to a fairly high concentration toward normal mouse macrophage
J774A.1 cells. The apoptotic effects and ROS generation of F-PGNPs were analyzed by increased
permeability of the cell membrane and condensed chromatin with deep blue and green fluorescent
nucleus, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results clearly showed that F-PGNPs significantly improved the potency of flutamide
by delivering it directly into the nucleus of cancer cells through caveolae-dependent endocytosis.
Conclusion: Thus, the greater inhibitory effect of F-PGNPs over the pure drug would be of great advantage
during prostate cancer treatment.
Mechanistic Modeling of Soluble Aβ Dynamics and Target Engagement in the Brain by Anti-Aβ mAbs in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ferl Gregory Z. , Fuji Reina N. , Atwal Jasvinder K. , Sun Tony , Ramanujan Saroja , Quartino Angelica L. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently in development
for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

Objectives:
To address the complexity of Aβ target engagement profiles, improve the understanding of
crenezumab Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Aβ Pharmacodynamics (PD) in the brain, and facilitate comparison
of anti-Aβ therapies with different binding characteristics.

Methods:
A mechanistic mathematical model was developed describing the distribution, elimination,
and binding kinetics of anti-Aβ mAbs and Aβ (monomeric and oligomeric forms of Aβ1-40 and
Aβ1-42) in the brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), and plasma. Physiologically meaningful values were
assigned to the model parameters based on the previous data, with remaining parameters fitted to clinical
measurements of Aβ concentrations in CSF and plasma, and PK/PD data of patients undergoing anti-Aβ
therapy. Aβ target engagement profiles were simulated using a Monte Carlo approach to explore the impact
of biological uncertainty in the model parameters.

Results:
Model-based estimates of in vivo affinity of the antibody to monomeric Aβ were qualitatively
consistent with the previous data. Simulations of Aβ target engagement profiles captured observed mean
and variance of clinical PK/PD data.

Conclusion:
This model is useful for comparing target engagement profiles of different anti-Aβ therapies
and demonstrates that 60 mg/kg crenezumab yields a significant increase in Aβ engagement compared
with lower doses of solanezumab, supporting the selection of 60 mg/kg crenezumab for phase 3
studies. The model also provides evidence that the delivery of sufficient quantities of mAb to brain interstitial
fluid is a limiting step with respect to the magnitude of soluble Aβ oligomer neutralization.
Manufacture of Functional Fat-free Cream Cheese Fortified with Probiotic Bacteria and Flaxseed Mucilage as a Fat Replacing Agent
Authors: Akl Engy M. , Abdelhamid Samy M. , Wagdy Suzanne M. , Salama Heba H. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Cream cheese is a fatty cheese that is popular with many consumers and
highly nutritious. There are many studies to reduce its fat content by fat replacers. Flaxseed mucilage
has the potential for stabilizing emulsions, thickening foods and gelling solutions. High-quality
cream cheese is manufactured by replacing fat with flaxseed mucilage.

Objective:
This study aimed to prepare probiotic-fortified and fat-free cream cheese using flaxseed
mucilage as a fat replacer and as prebiotic.

Methods:
The mucilage was extracted and added at different concentrations to the manufactured
cream cheese during processing. Chemical properties, microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation
of the produced cream cheese were investigated.

Results:
The results showed that the addition of mucilage to the cream cheese increased the protein,
ash and the total solids while the moisture content and the pH values were decreased. Cream cheese
viscosity significantly increased with the addition of flaxseed mucilage and decreased during the
storage period. The results also showed that the combination of flaxseed mucilage and probiotic bacteria
has potent antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Yersinia enterocolitica. The mucilage improved the texture, enhanced the survival of the probiotic
bacteria and improved the overall sensorial characteristics of the cheese.

Conclusion:
The manufactured product could be suitable for consumers having some health issues
related to the consumption of fat and as sources of probiotic bacteria.
Lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus L.) a Renewable Source of Pure Shikimic Acid and its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Barbouchi Mohammed , Elamrani Kaoutar , El Idrissi Mostafa , Choukrad M’barek 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Pistacia lentiscus L. (Lentisk) an evergreen tree or shrub that is ubiquitous
across the semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean and native to all Mediterranean islands. All
parts of Lentisk, including resin, leaves, gum, fruits, and aerial parts, have been used as valuable
remedies for various diseases since antiquity.

Objective:
This paper highlights a novel source for the isolation of pure shikimic acid from the Lentisk
ethyl acetate extract, which could provide an alternative and renewable solution for shikimic
acid in the future.

Methods:
Characterisation by melting point, elemental analysis, FTIR, HRMS, 1H-NMR, DEPT(
135)-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the purity of shikimic acid. The antioxidant
activity of Lentisk extract and shikimic acid was performed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity
assay.

Results:
The results prove that Lentisk is an alternative and renewable source of shikimic acid.
With regard to activity, the shikimic acid does not act as the lead compound in the antioxidant activity
of Lentisk extract.

Conclusion:
Lentisk is a novel alternative and renewable source of shikimic acid.
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 INHIBITORS AS ADULTERANTS IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS MARKED FOR SEXUAL ENHANCEMENT IN THE LEBANESE MARKET
Authors: SOUBRA RAZAN , GAZY AZZA A. , SAAB MAY , JAMAL MARWA K. AL 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometric was adopted to identify and quantify any adulteration with PDE-5 inhibitors (Sildenafil and Tadalafil) in selected dietary supplements used for sexual enhancement in the Lebanese market
Methods: Nine dietary supplements, randomly collected from Lebanese pharmacies, were screened for Sildenafil and Tadalafil using UV-spectrophotometry for both qualitative and quantitative detection.
Results: Tadalafil was detected in one sample at a dose of 59 mg/dosage unit, with the maximal recommended dose being 20 mg. Sildenafil was detected in five samples at doses ranging from 11.7 to 188.2 mg/dosage unit, with the maximal recommended dose being 100 mg.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that regular analysis of supposed dietary supplements is needed for more effective quality control and health promotion. The method described for the extraction, identification and quantification of Tadalafil and Sildenafil would be useful for regulatory detection of adulterations.
ANTIOXIDANT, METABOLIC AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF TRITERPENOIDS COMBINATION WITH CYTOSTATICS
Authors: VOROBYOVA OLGA , GRUBOVA ELIZAVETA , BELYAEVA KSENIYA , SOLOVYEVA ANNA , PLOTNIKOVA NADEZHDA , DERYABINA OLGA , MELNIKOVA NINA 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To study the effect of betulin derivatives combination with 5-fluorouracil or hydrazine sulfate on the ROS generation, the SOD and LDH activity using rat blood, as well as the effect of combination drugs on Ehrlich carcinoma in experiments on mice.
Methods: We used a chemiluminescence technique to study the ROS generation, and spectrophotometry to determine the MDA level and the SOD and LDH activity. The model of transplanted Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was investigated on mice using a cytological analysis of ascitic fluid cells according to Pappenheim`s method.
Results: In vitro experiments on rat blood at the doses of 2, 5 and 10 μg per ml revealed the dose-dependent effect of combination drugs on the antioxidant properties. In plasma, the ROS generation and the MDA level increased by 10-300% in comparison with control at the doses of 5 and 10 μg per ml only. Still, the SOD and LDH activity in general increased by 10-130% in comparison with control under the action of the studied combination drugs. The study on mice showed the effectiveness of a combination of triterpenoids and cytostatics in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma therapy. The state and behavior of the animals improved, the volume of ascites fluid decreased by 40-50% after treatment for 10 d.
Conclusion: The combination of betulin derivatives with cytostatics can be used as antitumor drugs in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma therapy that is due to metabolic plasticity, increased ROS generation in enhanced antioxidant enzyme protection.
PREFERENSI WISATAWAN MILENIAL NUSANTARA PADA DAYA TARIK WISATA SWAFOTO DI BALI
Authors: Rosalina Putu Devi , Susanti Luh Eka , Paramitha Made Widya 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Millennial tourists regards traveling not just about enjoying nature and culture, or strolling around, instead millennials assume that traveling is when immersed in an interesting experience. The purpose of this study is to find out how the preferences of domestik millennial tourists visiting Selfie Tourist Attraction (STA) in Bali, as well as what tourist activities need to be developed. The approach in this research is qualitative, referring to McIntosh's Motivation theory and Leiper's Tourist Attraction Theory. The locus of research is in five STAs including: Twin Hill in Gianyar Regency, Big Garden Corner in Denpasar City, Tukad Badung in Denpasar City, Merta Sari Sanur Beach and Selfie Wanagiri Tourism in Buleleng Regency . Data will be collected through interview and the distribution of 50 questionnaires with accidental sampling. The results revealed that the majority of tourists' motivation to visit is driven by the desire to escape or so-called Fantasy Motivation by 50%, while physical motivation is by 26%, social by 20%, and culture merely by 4%. Furthermore, regarding its preference analysis, domestic millenial tourists are very supportive for the government's performance and enthusiastic for the success of the stakeholders in developing and advancing STA, as seen from the percentage of 94% of tourists choosing to visit by considering the success of the stakeholders in managing STA. In addition, there are a number of tourism activities that need to be developed to optimize the potential of STA, such as: holding cultural events on a regular basis, adding playgrounds for children, adding spots for selfies, and renovating selfie photo spots that are already inadequate. Tourists also argued the need to maintain cleanliness and the addition of public facilities.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DESA WISATA (STUDI KASUS PADA DESA WISATA JASRI, KABUPATEN KARANGASEM)
Authors: Sudarsana I Ketut 
Published: March 2020

Desa wisata memiliki beberapa atraksi wisata, salah satunya adalah Homestay. Homesaty diminati wisatawan karena dapat mempelajari bahasa, budaya, dan karakteristik penduduk lokal. Salah satu faktor yang dapat memuaskan pelanggan industri pariwisata adalah pelayanan yang diberikan oleh pihak industri khususnya para karyawannya merupakan pihak yang berhubungan langsung dengan pelanggannya. Untuk dapat membuat karyawannya dapat mempertahankan dan memperbaiki kinerjanya maka dibutuhkan faktor-faktor keterampilan dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia yang diperoleh dari pendidikan dan pelatihan, sehingga mereka dapat terus bekerja dengan baik. Berdasarkan uraian di atas maka permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah dalam pengembangan desa wisata adalah pemenuhan kebutuhan dan pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia desa wisata.Lokasi penelitian adalah desa wisata Jasri yang berada di kabupaten Karangasem Bali. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode kepustakaan dan metode lapangan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunkan adalah Deskriptif Kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukan kebutuhan sumber daya manusia di desa wisata Jasri untuk pengembangan wisata adalah sumber daya manusia yang terkait dengan atraksi wisata dan mensosialisasikan pentingnya kenyamanan, kebersihan, hygine sanitasi kepada seluruh masyarakat. Bentuk pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang sesuai dengan karakteristik masyarakat desa wisata Jasri dengan pengembangan secara informal. Pengembangan secara informal yaitu masyarakat atas keinginan dan usaha sendiri melatih dan mengembangkan dirinya dengan mempelajari buku-buku literatur yang ada
Caracterización de la actividad demostrativa en estudiantes de educación superior
Authors: Hernández-Suarez César Augusto 
Published: March 2020

Se presenta una investigación sobre la situación de la actividad demostrativa en estudiantes de educación superior (Programa Académico de Licenciatura en Matemáticas e Informática de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander), durante el segundo semestre de 2008. Esta surge a raíz del desconocimiento del tema y de la presencia de deficiencias en los estudiantes como el desconocimiento y/ mal uso del lenguaje y la simbología propia de la matemática, las reglas de la lógica, la poca capacidad de razonamiento y de resolución de problemas, lo que conlleva a tener dificultades para entender y hacer una demostración. Por otro lado, se desconocen sus actitudes y creencias respecto a la actividad demostrativa; y si estas, intervienen en su rendimiento académico y afectan su formación matemática. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que aunque los estudiantes tienen una buena predisposición en actitudes y creencias hacia la actividad demostrativa, el conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático y la habilidad para hacer demostraciones no es lo satisfactorio. No se evidencia que haya diferencias en cuanto la edad ni al género, pero “aparentemente” se observa que el estudiante mejora, en estos aspectos, a medida que avanza en cada una estas asignaturas. Finalmente se dan unas orientaciones para empezar a mejorar la situación hallada.
valoración en matemáticas de la educación secundaria a la universitaria, perspectivas docentes
Authors: Mariño Luis Fernando 
Published: March 2020

Intentando buscar alternativas diferentes a culpar siempre al estudiante acerca de la problemática que suscita el bajo rendimiento en matemáticas iniciando su pregrado, la educación media y pruebas estandarizadas aplicadas por el estado, se realizó una investigación de campo con una muestra no probabilística con el objetivo de analizar ycontrastar los principios que orientan a un grupo de docentes de los dos últimos años de colegios públicos y Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander organizando la evaluación del conocimiento matemático en la ciudad de Cúcuta durante el año 2008. El trabajo se orientó por los acercamientos teóricos de Web (1992), quien intenta construir una teoría para la valoración en matemáticas, los instrumentos fueron el cuestionario y la encuesta estructurada. Entre los principales hallazgos se pueden citar: Si bien casi todos los docentes coinciden en que la matemática debe enseñarse como un cuerpo estructurado de conocimientos, esto difiere respecto a sus opiniones sobre la forma como los estudiantes aprenden matemáticas y las estrategias aplicadas en el proceso de enseñanza. Acerca de los principios que los orientan organizando actividades de evaluación, consideran posible otras formas diferente a la prueba escrita (un proyecto a lo largo de varios días o la entrevista), el rol que juega el docente al momento de aplicar pruebas, al instante de analizar y presentar información debe haber alternativas distintas a la emisión de un sólo veredicto sea cuantitativamente o cualitativamente, estipulan también que la valoración debe ser un proceso continuo y no terminal en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de esta área.
Los procesos cognitivos en la resolución de problemas clásicos de máximos y mínimos en estudiantes de ingeniería Civil de la universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
Authors: Hernández Rosa Virginia 
Published: March 2020

El propósito de la investigación estuvo centrado en intentar conocer los procesos cognitivos de un grupo de estudiantes cuando estuvieron enfrentados a la resolución de problemas clásicos de máximos y mínimos, se optó por la investigación cualitativa en la tipología estudio de casos; cinco estudiantes y cinco profesores voluntarios fueron los informantes, la entrevista a profundidad sirvió como instrumento para recolectar la información, los referentes teóricos que orientaron y dieron sentido al estudio fueron la entrevista clínica de Piaget, la resolución de problemas de Polya y la Modificabilidad cognitiva de Feuerstein.
Entre los principales hallazgos luego de triangular los datos evidenciaron dificultades en aspectos como conductas impulsivas y no planificadas, carencia o deficiencia de orientación espacial y temporal, no discriminan entre información relevante e irrelevante, el carecer de conductas comparativas impide diferenciar la importancia de unos datos frente a otros, no organizan sistemáticamente la información; por tanto no establecen orden, relaciones y atributos, el no tratar la situaciones como un todo y la conducta impulsiva les impide ir más allá de su experiencia perceptual para obtener deducciones lógicas de tal forma que puedan generar hipótesis, defendiendo y argumentando sus puntos de vista, esto fue la constante en las fases de entrada, elaboración y salida.