bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks Associated with Animal-Assisted Intervention Programs: A Literature Review
Authors: Dalton Kathryn R. , Waite Kaitlin B. , Ruble Kathy , Carroll Karen C. , DeLone Alexandra , Frankenfield Pam , Serpell James A. , Thorpe Roland J. , Morris Daniel O. , Agnew Jacqueline , Rubenstein Ronald C. , Davis Meghan F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe benefits of animal-assisted interventions (AAI), to utilize companion animals as an adjunctive treatment modality, is well-established and a burgeoning research field. However, few studies have evaluated the potential hazards of these programs, such as the potential for therapy animals to transfer hospital-associated pathogens between individuals and the hospital environment. Here we review the current literature on the possible risks of hospital-based AAI programs, including zoonotic pathogen transmission. We identified twenty-nine articles encompassing reviews of infection control guidelines and epidemiological studies on zoonotic pathogen prevalence in AAI. We observed substantial heterogeneity in infection control practices among hospital AAI programs. Few data confirmed pathogen transmission between therapy animals and patients. Given AAI’s known benefits, we recommend that future research utilize a One Health framework to evaluate microbial dynamics among therapy animals, patients, and hospital environments. This framework may best promote safe practices to ensure the sustainability of these valuable AAI programs.HighlightsDespite the many benefits of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) for patients, there is a risk of therapy animals becoming vectors of hospital pathogens.There is an absence of literature on transmission of hospital pathogens between patients and therapy animals during an AAI session.More research is needed to improve the safety and utilization of this important adjunctive therapy.
Temporal and state abstractions for efficient learning, transfer and composition in humans
Authors: Xia Liyu , Collins Anne G. E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHumans use prior knowledge to efficiently solve novel tasks, but how they structure past knowledge to enable such fast generalization is not well understood. We recently proposed that hierarchical state abstraction enabled generalization of simple one-step rules, by inferring context clusters for each rule. However, humans’ daily tasks are often temporally extended, and necessitate more complex multi-step, hierarchically structured strategies. The options framework in hierarchical reinforcement learning provides a theoretical framework for representing such transferable strategies. Options are abstract multi-step policies, assembled from simpler one-step actions or other options, that can represent meaningful reusable strategies as temporal abstractions. We developed a novel sequential decision making protocol to test if humans learn and transfer multi-step options. In a series of four experiments, we found transfer effects at multiple hierarchical levels of abstraction that could not be explained by flat reinforcement learning models or hierarchical models lacking temporal abstraction. We extended the options framework to develop a quantitative model that blends temporal and state abstractions. Our model captures the transfer effects observed in human participants. Our results provide evidence that humans create and compose hierarchical options, and use them to explore in novel contexts, consequently transferring past knowledge and speeding up learning.
TNF controls a speed-accuracy tradeoff in the apoptotic decision to restrict viral spread
Authors: Oyler-Yaniv Jennifer , Oyler-Yaniv Alon , Maltz Evan , Wollman Roy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEarly commitment to apoptosis is an important antiviral strategy. However, fast decisions that are based on limited evidence can be erroneous and cause unnecessary cell death and tissue damage. How cells optimize their decision making strategy to account for both speed and accuracy is unclear. Here we show that exposure to TNF, which is secreted by macrophages during viral infection, causes cells to change their decision strategy from “slow and accurate” to “fast and error-prone”. Mathematical modeling combined with experiments in cell culture and mouse corneas show that the regulation of the apoptotic decision strategy is critical to prevent HSV-1 spread. These findings demonstrate that immune regulation of cellular cognitive processes dynamically changes a tissues’ tolerance for self-damage, which is required to protect against viral spread.
Artificial intelligence assisted standard white light endoscopy accurately characters early colorectal cancer: a multicenter diagnostic study
Authors: Meng Sijun , Zheng Yueping , Su Ruizhang , Wang Wangyue , Zhang Yu , Xiao Hang , Han Zhaofang , Zhang Wen , Qin Wenjuan , Yang Chen , Yan Lichong , Xu Haineng , Bu Yemei , Zhong Yuhuan , Zhang Yi , He Yulong , Qiu Hesong , Xu Wen , Chen Hong , Wu Siqi , Jiang Zhenghua , Zhang Yongxiu , Dong Chao , Hu Yongchao , Xie Lizhong , Li Xugong , Jiang Jianping , Zhu Huafen , Li Wenxia , Wen Zhang , Zheng Xiaofang , Sun Yuanlong , Zhou Xiaolu , Ding Limin , Zhang Changhua , Pan Wensheng , Wu Shuisheng , Hu Yiqun 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third in incidence and mortality1 of cancer. Screening with colonoscopy has been shown to reduce mortality by 40-60%2. Challenge for screening indistinguishable precancerous and noninvasive lesion using conventional colonoscopy was still existing3. We propose to establish a propagable artificial intelligence assisted high malignant potential early CRC characterization system (ECRC-CAD). 4,390 endoscopic images of early CRC were used to establish the model. The diagnostic accuracy of high malignant potential early CRC was 0.963 (95% CI, 0.941-0.978) in the internal validation set and 0.835 (95% CI, 0.805-0.862) in external datasets. It achieved better performance than the expert endoscopists. Spreading of ECRC-CAD to regions with different medical levels can assist in CRC screening and prevention.
Regulated control of gene therapies with a drug induced switch
Authors: Monteys Alex Mas , Hundley Amiel A , Ranum Paul T , Lim Euyn , Tecedor Luis , Muehlmatt Amy , Davidson Beverly L 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo date, gene therapies for human application rely on engineered promoters that cannot be finely controlled. Here, we report a universal switch element that allows precise control for gene silencing or gene replacement after exposure to a small molecule. Importantly, these small molecule inducers are in human use, are orally bioavailable when given to animals or humans, and can reach both peripheral tissues and the brain. Moreover, the switch system (Xon) does not require the co-expression of any regulatory proteins. Using Xon, translation of desired elements for gene knockdown or gene replacement occurs after a single oral dose, and expression levels can be controlled by drug dose or in waves with repeat drug intake. This universal switch can provide temporal control of gene editing machinery and gene addition cassettes that can be adapted to cell biology applications and animal studies. Additionally, due to the oral bioavailability and safety of the drugs employed, the Xonswitch provides an unprecedented opportunity to refine gene therapies for more appropriate human application.
An adaptive control scheme for Interleukin-2 therapy
Authors: Khailaie Sahamoddin , Montaseri Ghazal , Meyer-Hermann Michael 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTRegulatory T cells (Treg) are suppressor cells that control self-reactive and excessive effector conventional helper T cell (Tconv) responses. Breakdown of the balance between Tregs and Tconvs is a hallmark of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Due to the positive dependency of both populations on Interleukin-2 (IL-2), it is subtle leverage to restore the healthy immune balance. By employing a mechanistic mathematical model, we studied the IL-2 therapy in order to increase and stabilize Treg population and restrict inflammatory Tconv response. We introduced an adaptive control strategy to design the minimal IL-2 dosage. This adaptive strategy allows for an individualized therapy based on the feedback of immune kinetics of the patient. Ourin silicoresults suggest that a minimal Treg population is required to restrict the transient side-effect of IL-2 injections on the effector Tconv response. The combination of IL-2 and adoptive Treg transfer therapies is able to limit this side effect in our simulations. Implications of ourin silicoresults are discussed in the context of autoimmunity and transplantation.
Simulation of cavitation of spherically shaped hydrogen bubbles through a tube nozzle with stenosis
Authors: Ellahi Rahmat , Zeeshan Ahmad , Hussain Farooq , Safaei Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the monodisperse cavitation of bubbly mixture flow for water and hydrogen mixture flows through a nozzle having a stenosis on the wall.

Design/methodology/approach
Two flow regions, namely, quasi-statically stable and quasi-statically unstable increase in the bubble radius, are considered. Different oscillating periods of bubbles in downstream corresponding to various values of Reynolds number are taken into account. The Range–Kutta method is used to tackle nonlinear coupled system of governing equations.

Findings
It is observed that for the larger values of Reynolds number, the void fraction at the upstream section, even at small values, yields instabilities at the downstream. Consequently, owing to sudden increase in the velocity, the bubbles strike the wall with high speed that eventually remove the existing stenosis. This process can be considered as an effective cardiac surgery for arteries with semi-blockage.

Originality/value
Original research work and to the best of author’s knowledge, this model is reported for the first time.
Governance and public health: implications for targeting smoking in the United States
Authors: Khanijahani Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint is to discuss and analyze three major governance tools that have been implemented in the United States to target tobacco smoking as a major public health concern.Design/methodology/approachThe author highlights the negative consequences of smoking as a global and U.S public health concern and discusses three categories of governance tools implemented in the U.S. Additionally, emerging challenges in the U.S. and different sides of story in developing countries are underscored.FindingsAlthough some success has been reached in controlling smoking-related mortalities and morbidities in the U.S. and most of the countries, long-term and sustainable improvement require active surveillance and constant implementation of evidence-based policies and programs.Practical implicationsThis viewpoint discusses the governance tools that can be implemented to decrease smoking-related preventable mortalities and morbidities. Similar tools with some tuning can be used to target smoking in other nations. Additionally, these tools can be modified to target other public health-related wicked problems such as obesity, alcohol consumption, and traffic accidents.Originality/valueThis viewpoint highlights the magnitude of smoking as a major public health concern and underscores the necessity of using governance tools in targeting this issue. Additionally, it provides application examples from the United States implementable in other countries with some contextual justifications and tuning.
Assessing customer intention use of mobile money application and the antecedent of perceived value, economic trust and service trust
Authors: Hariguna Taqwa , Adiandari Ade Maharini , Ruangkanjanases Athapol 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of trust and perceived value (PV) in customer intentions to adopt mobile money application (MMA) services. Trust and PV were broken down into various dimensions. This study investigated the two-component base trusts, namely, economic and service, and also PV as an antecedent.

Design/methodology/approach
This study involved 402 respondents selected through the interception and online survey approach and had five hypotheses. The structural equation model was used to test the hypothesis of this study.

Findings
The findings showed that the PV was related to the customer’s intention to use MMA services and economy-based trust. Trust in service providers and economic-based trust were positively related to customer intentions to use MMA services.

Research limitations/implications
Although the concept of MMA has been explored in several literatures, the role of trust and PV in the use of MMA has not been of much concern among researchers. In addition, this study described PV as a construction with five supporting dimensions. The current literature showed that the integration of PV with construct trust was still lacking in attention from researchers especially the study of MMA.

Practical implications
For practitioners, these findings confirmed that MMA service providers need to convince customers of protection to money and personal information. Also, providers need to ensure that the use of MMA provides cost and time effectiveness. Besides, it is important to ensure the services provided to customers are the fastest way to carry out financial transactions, in this case, including payment and retail purchases. This finding also showed that PV related to MMA services needs to be studied from a customer perspective, focusing on four aspects of ethics, playfulness, customer return of investment and excellent service. Therefore, handling PV in these services requires specific strategies to deal with these various aspects.

Originality/value
This study integrated two dimensions of trust, thus economic trust and service trust, the authors also integrated dimension of PV as the antecedent of two dimensions of trust, to understand the dimension of intention use MMA.
Does switching trading venues create value? Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Johnny K.H. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study whether switching trading venues create value in the Hong Kong stock market.Design/methodology/approachBy using an event study, the paper investigates the abnormal returns (AR) earned by firms in the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) relating to switching to the Main Board (MB). Two measures, turnover of the stock and Amihud’s (2002) illiquidity ratio, are used to examine the liquidity effects.FindingsThe switch is accompanied by a long-term increase in stock price for low liquidity firms only. High liquidity firms underperform with persistent negative excess returns after switching, while the transient negative excess returns in low liquidity firms reverse gradually. The results further show a significant increase in trading activity for low liquidity firms following the switch, while there is a significant decline in both trading activity and liquidity in firms with high liquidity. The overall results suggest that moving from GEM to the MB is beneficial to low liquidity firms but detrimental to high liquidity firms.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate whether moving from GEM to the MB creates value in the Hong Kong stock market.
Survival in a new industry: marijuana, venture structure and outcomes
Authors: Nicholas Karen , Sproul Curtis R. , Cox Kevin 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how new firms enter a new industry and which structure will support survival. Essentially, the study examines the extent to which new firms choose to be broad with regard to the industry supply chain and deep with regard to their market presence. Based on these two structural decisions, each one is examined independently and in conjunction to discover which aspects support survival.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach was adopted, consisting of using data supplied by the state of Colorado. More specifically, the study draws on empirical data that identifies which license type (grower, manufacturer and retailer) each firm chose to get and how many retail outlets the firm chose to operate.FindingsThe findings reveal that firms that cover the breadth of the supply chain are twice as likely to survive, while a broad market presence increases the risk of exit by 2.5 times. When the two factors were combined, it was firms with broad integration and deep market presence that had the highest chance of survival, as opposed to firms with intuition. A deep market presence seemed to accentuate the effect of integration, increasing the risk when the firm was not integrated, while increasing the survival rate when the firm was integrated.Research limitations/implicationsThis industry is quite new and afforded a unique opportunity to examine the impact of firm structure on survival. However, it may not be generalizable to other industries.Practical implicationsThe present analysis argues that firms must adopt a holistic approach to their firm structure, because there are combinatorial effects at play. That is, while one specific strategy may increase survival, other strategies may impact firm survival. Examining and understanding the interplay of firm decisions are critical for firm survival.Originality/valueBecause of the lack of the formation of new industries, the authors’ understanding of the impact of firm structure on survival is limited. This unique context afforded the opportunity to empirically examine how firms can increase their chance of survival based on two aspects of firm structure: the breadth of the supply chain and the depth of the firm’s market presence.
Determinates of Islamic banks liquidity
Authors: Al-Harbi Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of Islam banks (IBs) liquidity.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the author uses a generalized least square fixed effect model on an unbalanced panel data set of all IBs operating in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries over the period 1989-2008.

Findings
The estimation results show that all the determinants have statistically significant relationships with IBs’ liquidity but with different signs. On the one hand, foreign ownership, credit risk, profitability, inflation rate, monetary policy and deposit insurance negatively affected IBs liquidity. On the other hand, capital ratio, size gross domestic product growth and concentration have a positive nexus with IBs’ liquidity.

Originality/value
According to the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first empirical study to investigate the determinants of IBs liquidity using cross-country data with a large sample of IBs (110 banks) and over a long period (19 years). Also, the paper included variables that had not been discussed on the previous studies, which used cross-country data, such as efficiency, deposit insurance, monetary policy, concentration and market capitalization.
Duration model for maturity gap risk management in Islamic banks
Authors: Shah Syed Alamdar Ali , Sukmana Raditya , Fianto Bayu Arie 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose models of duration for maturity gap risk management in Islamic banks.Design/methodology/approachA thorough review of literature on duration modeling, duration measurement in Islamic banks andShariahcompliance has been conducted to set parameters to developShariah-compliant maturity gap risk management mechanism.FindingsModels based on durations of earning assets and return bearing liabilities using various rates of return earned and paid, benchmark rates and industry standards commonly used by Islamic and conventional banks.Practical implicationsIncreasedShariahcompliance has threefold impact. Firstly, it will increase trust of customers. Secondly, it will help improve profitability by reducing non-Shariahcompliance penalties from the regulators. And finally, it will enhance market capitalization and returns stability to investors because of enhanced customer base, increased level of trust and increased profitability.Originality/valueThis research proposesShariah-compliant maturity gap risk management models based on the concept of duration according to recommendations of Bank for International Settlements. As there is no such maturity gap risk management mechanism that meets the requirements ofShariahusing benchmarks that are common between Islamic and conventional banks; therefore, this research presents risk management solutions that can be applied simultaneously in the entire banking sector.
A model of policing strategy choice
Authors: Basilio Marcio Pereira , Brum Gabrielle Souza , Pereira Valdecy 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for the discovery of knowledge in emergency response databases based on police incident reports, generating information that identifies local criminal demands that allow the selection of the appropriate policing strategies portfolio to solve the problem.

Design/methodology/approach
The developed model uses a methodology for the discovery of knowledge involving text mining techniques using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) integrated with the ELECTRE I multicriteria method.

Findings
The developed method allowed the identification of the most common criminal demands that occurred from January 1 to December 31, 2016, in the policing areas studied. One of the crimes does not occur homogeneously in a particular locality. In this study, it was initially observed that 40 per cent of the crimes identified in the Integrated Public Safety Area 5, or AISP-5, (historical city center of RJ) had no correlation with AISP-19 (Copacabana - RJ), and 33 per cent of crimes crimes in AISP-19 were not identified in AISP-5. This finding guided the second part of the method that sought to identify which portfolio of policing strategies would be most appropriate for the identified demands. In this sense, using the ELECTRE I method, eight different scenarios were constructed where it can be identified that for each specific criminal demand set there is a set of policing strategies to be applied.

Research limitations/implications
The collected data represent the social dynamics of neighbourhoods in the central and southern zones of the city of Rio de Janeiro during the specific period from January 2013 to December 2016. This limitation implies that the results cannot be generalised to areas with different characteristics.

Practical implications
The developed methodology contributes in a complementary way to the identification of criminal practices and their characteristics based on reports of police occurrences stored in emergency response databases. The knowledge generated through the identification of criminal demands allows law enforcement decision makers to evaluate and choose among the available policing strategies, which best suit the reality they study, and produce the reduction of criminal indices.

Social implications
It is possible to infer that by choosing appropriate strategies to combat local crime, the proposed model will increase the population’s sense of safety through an effective reduction in crime.

Originality/value
The originality of the study lies in the integration of text mining techniques, LDA and the ELECTRE I method for detecting crime in a given location based on crime reports stored in emergency response databases, enabling identification and choice, from customized policing strategies to particular criminal demands.