bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the proximal esophageal segment in patients with symptoms of esophageal dysmotility
Authors: Jehangir Asad , Tanner Samuel , Malik Zubair , Parkman Henry P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundProximal esophageal striated muscle contractility may be abnormal in patients with esophageal symptoms, but is not assessed in the Chicago Classification (CC) v3.0. We aimed to (a) determine the prevalence of abnormal proximal esophageal contractility in patients with esophageal symptoms; (b) compare proximal esophageal contractility in patients with different esophageal motility disorders; (c) assess the association of abnormal proximal esophageal contractility with esophageal symptoms.MethodsPatients undergoing high‐resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) from 7/2019 to 11/2019 and healthy volunteers (HVs) were studied. Measurements of the proximal esophageal segment included the vigor of contractility of the proximal esophagus (proximal contractile integral/PCI). Patients rated gastrointestinal symptoms’ severity.Key ResultsHREM was performed on 221 patients (63.8% females, mean age 57.1 ± 1.1 years) and 19 HVs. Mean PCI in HVs was 299.5 ± 30.6 (95% CI 32.3‐566.7 mm Hg.s.cm). Of all patients, 61 (27.6%) had abnormal PCI. HVs and patients with different esophageal motility disorders had significantly different PCI (P < .01). Type 1 achalasia patients had weaker PCI than patients with absent contractility (P = .02). Patients with abnormal PCI had more severe dysphagia (P = .02), nausea (P = .03), vomiting (P = .03), and lower bolus clearance (P < .01) than patients with normal PCI.Conclusions and InferencesAbnormal PCI was found in a fourth of patients with esophageal symptoms. PCI may be useful to distinguish some esophageal motility disorders. Patients with abnormal PCI had a higher severity of some upper gastrointestinal symptoms than patients with normal PCI. Assessing the proximal esophageal segment on HREM may be useful in characterizing patients with esophageal symptoms.
LncRNA‐ES3 inhibition by Bhlhe40 is involved in high glucose–induced calcification/senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zhong Jia‐Yu , Cui Xing‐Jun , Zhan Jun‐Kun , Wang Yan‐Jiao , Li Shuang , Lin Xiao , Xiang Qun‐Yan , Ni Yu‐Qing , Liu Le , Liu You‐Shuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been investigated as novel regulatory molecules involved in diverse biological processes. Our previous study demonstrated that lncRNA‐ES3 is associated with the high glucose–induced calcification/senescence of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA‐VSMCs). However, the mechanism of lncRNA‐ES3 in vascular calcification/aging remained largely unknown. Here, we report that the expression of basic helix‐loop‐helix family member e40 (Bhlhe40) was decreased significantly in HA‐VSMCs treated with high glucose, whereas the expression of basic leucine zipper transcription factor (BATF) was increased. Overexpression of Bhlhe40 and inhibition of BATF alleviated calcification/senescence of HA‐VSMCs, as confirmed by Alizarin Red S staining and the presence of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase–positive cells. Moreover, we identified that Bhlhe40 regulates lncRNA‐ES3 in HA‐VSMCs by binding to the promoter region of the lncRNA‐ES3 gene (LINC00458). Upregulation or inhibition of lncRNA‐ES3 expression significantly promoted or reduced calcification/senescence of HA‐VSMCs, respectively. Additionally, we identified that lncRNA‐ES3 functions in this process by suppressing the expression of miR‐95‐5p, miR‐6776‐5p, miR‐3620‐5p, and miR‐4747‐5p. The results demonstrate that lncRNA‐ES3 triggers gene silencing of multiple miRNAs by binding to Bhlhe40, leading to calcification/senescence of VSMCs. Our findings suggest that pharmacological interventions targeting lncRNA‐ES3 may be therapeutically beneficial in ameliorating vascular calcification/aging.
How should we approach parental refusals of opioids on behalf of children in the perioperative setting? A practical approach based on ethical theory
Authors: Moreno‐Galvan Anna , Marron Jonathan Michael , Marsiglio Angela Maree 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the midst of the current opioid epidemic, we have encountered more parents who are concerned about the use of opioids in the perioperative setting. Some parents have completely refused the use of opioids on behalf of their children. How should we approach this treatment refusal? This article describes ethical theory related to the refusal of treatment by parents on behalf of their children, and when it is justified to override parental decisions. We propose a decision‐making framework that focuses on improving communication and considering alternatives. Assessment of harm to the child from avoiding opioids, as well as potential harms from overriding parental autonomy must be undertaken prior to considering overriding parents.
Lessons from One Arm Dove Hunt
Authors: Moss Jacob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractArtist, Jacob Moss's documentary photography project, One Arm Dove Hunt, explores the experiences of individuals with ectodermal dysplasia, a condition he also has. Lessons from One Arm Dove Hunt examines Jacob's own experience growing up with ectodermal dysplasia and what it's like collaborating with others with various forms of ectodermal dysplasia.
Designing to Debias: Measuring and Reducing Public Managers’ Anchoring Bias
Authors: Nagtegaal Rosanna , Tummers Lars , Noordegraaf Mirko , Bekkers Victor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPublic managers’ decisions are affected by cognitive biases. For instance, employees’ previous year's performance ratings influence new ratings irrespective of actual performance. Nevertheless, experimental knowledge of public managers’ cognitive biases is limited, and debiasing techniques have rarely been studied. Using a survey experiment on 1,221 public managers and employees in the United Kingdom, this research (1) replicates two experiments on anchoring to establish empirical generalization across institutional contexts and (2) tests a consider‐the‐opposite debiasing technique. The results indicate that anchoring bias replicates in a different institutional context, although effect sizes differ. Furthermore, a low‐cost, low‐intensity consider‐the‐opposite technique mitigates anchoring bias in this survey experiment. An exploratory subgroup analysis indicates that the effect of the intervention depends on context. The next step is to test this strategy in real‐world settings.
Flood Risk Assessment and Regionalization from Past and Future Perspectives at Basin Scale
Authors: Lai Chengguang , Chen Xiaohong , Wang Zhaoli , Yu Haijun , Bai Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFlooding is a major natural disaster that has brought tremendous losses to mankind throughout the ages. Even so, floods can be controlled by appropriate measures to minimize loss and damage. Flood risk assessment is an essential analytic step in preventing floods and reducing losses. Identifying previous flood risk and predicting future features are conducive to understanding the changing patterns and laws of flood risk. Taking the Dongjiang River basin as a study case, we assessed and regionalized flood risk in 1990, 2000, and 2010 from the past perspective and explored dynamic expansion during 1990–2010. Then, we projected land‐use type, population, and gross domestic product in 2030 and 2050 and finally assessed and regionalized the risk from a future perspective. Results show that areas with very high risk accounted for 14.98–18.08% during 1990–2010; approximately 13.90% areas of the basin transformed from lower‐level risk to higher‐level risk whereas 9.07% fell from a higher level to a lower level during the period. For the future scenario, areas with very high and high risk in 2030 and 2050 are expected to account for 21.55% and 24.84%, respectively. Generally, our study can better identify changes in flood risk at a spatial scale and reveal the dynamic evolution rule, which provides a synthetical means of flood prevention and reduction, flood insurance, urban planning, and water resource management in the future under global climate change, especially for developing or high‐speed urbanization regions.
Politics and the UK's monetary policy
Authors: Chang Fang‐Shuo , Chen Shiu‐Sheng , Wang Po‐Yuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper examines whether politics causes regime shifts in deviations from the optimal monetary policy in the United Kingdom. After using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to construct the welfare‐maximizing policy rule and deviations from the optimal Taylor rule, we show that politics does indeed play an important role in explaining these deviations. In addition to politics, unemployment rates account for regime shifts in the Taylor rule deviations.
Clinical management of tendinopathy: A systematic review of systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of tendinopathy treatments
Authors: Irby Alyssa , Gutierrez Jacqueline , Chamberlin Claressa , Thomas Stephen J. , Rosen Adam B. 
Published: June 2020

While the pathoetiology is disputed, a wide array of treatments is available to treat tendinopathy. The most common treatments found in the literature include therapeutic modalities, exercise protocols, and surgical interventions; however, their effectiveness remains ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of systematic reviews to determine the ability of therapeutic interventions to improve pain and dysfunction in patients with tendinopathy regardless of type or location. Five databases were searched for systematic reviews containing only randomized control trials to determine the effectiveness of treatments for tendinopathies based on pain and patient‐reported outcomes. Systematic reviews were assessed via the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) for methodological quality. From the database search, 3,295 articles were found, 107 passed the initial inclusion criteria. After further review, 25 systematic reviews were included in the final qualitative analysis. The AMSTAR scores were relatively high (8.8 ± 1.0) across the 25 systematic reviews. Eccentric exercises were the most common and consistently effective treatment for tendinopathy across systematic reviews. Low‐level laser therapy and extracorporeal shockwave therapy demonstrated moderate effectiveness, while platelet‐rich plasma injections demonstrated inconclusive evidence on their ability to decrease tendinopathy‐related pain and improve function. Corticosteroids also showed some effectiveness for short‐term pain, but for the long‐term use deemed ineffective and at times contraindicated. Regarding surgical options, minimally invasive procedures were more effective compared to open surgical interventions. When treating tendinopathy regardless of location, eccentric exercises were the best treatment option to improve tendinopathy‐related pain and improve self‐reported function.
Biomechanics of graded running: Part II—Joint kinematics and kinetics
Authors: Khassetarash Arash , Vernillo Gianluca , Martinez Aaron , Baggaley Michael , Giandolini Marlene , Horvais Nicolas , Millet Guillaume Y. , Edwards William Brent 
Published: June 2020

Compared to level running (LR), different strategies might be implemented by runners to cope with specific challenges of graded running at different speeds. The changes in joint kinetics and kinematics associated with graded running have been investigated, but their interactions with speed are unknown. Nineteen participants ran on an instrumented treadmill at five grades (0°, ±5° and ± 10°) and three speeds (2.50, 3.33 and 4.17 m/s), while 3D motion and forces were recorded. Three speed × five‐grade repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to analyze kinetic and kinematic variables. A speed × grade interaction was observed for hip range of motion (ROM). Downhill running (DR) at fastest speed did not reduce ROM at the hip, compared to LR. Compared to LR, it was observed that the hip joint was responsible for a greater contribution of energy generation while running at the fastest speed at +10°. Speed × grade interactions were also observed for the energy absorption, peak moment, and peak power at the knee. Contrary to LR, running faster during UR did not require higher peak power at the knee. Finally, DR at the fastest speed did not increase peak negative power at the knee compared to LR. This study demonstrates that ankle, knee, and hip joint kinetics depend on speed and grade of running, while the effect of grade on joint kinematics was not substantially modulated by speed.
New World Heterotermes (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae): molecular phylogeny, biogeography and description of a new species
Authors: Carrijo Tiago F. , Pontes‐Nogueira Matheus , Santos Rafaella G. , Morales Adriana C. , Cancello Eliana M. , Scheffrahn Rudolf H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeterotermes Froggatt is a subterranean termite genus consisting of 30 living described species worldwide, with nine occurring in the New World. Herein we provide a molecular phylogeny, using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, of all New World species of Heterotermes, including biogeographical analysis, and describe a new species from Paraguay and Bolivia, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Our analysis recovered the New World species as paraphyletic to a monophyletic Australian clade. Within this New World + Australian clade, two monophyletic major groups were formed c. 28 Ma: the aureus‐ and tenuis‐groups. The aureus‐group has a disjunct and broad distribution consisting of two clades. The first clade extends into the Nearctic region and a second is composed of a branch in the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes (H. sulcatus Mathews) and a branch in the Chacoan biome (a new species, Heterotermes lauralinearum Carrijo sp.n.). The tenuis‐group is composed of four broadly distributed Neotropical species and the Australian clade. A single dispersion event from South America to Australia probably occurred between 13 and 24 Ma. Heterotermes crinitus Emerson was the first to diverge, being sister group of all other species in the tenuis‐group, followed by Heterotermes assu Constantino. An analysis of the historical biogeography of Heterotermes suggests that jump dispersal was the most important cladogenetic process for the genus. This study is the most comprehensive phylogeny of Heterotermes and contributes to the understanding of termite evolution and geographic distribution in the New World, complementing recent studies focused on worldwide patterns.This published work has been registered on Zoobank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8951A29B‐8B69‐4CD5‐B9DF‐2C70D4628D97.
Open‐source tools for the measurement of socio‐spatial segregation in activity spaces
Authors: Hong Seong‐Yun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the last decade, socio‐spatial segregation of different population groups in activity spaces has attracted considerable attention from geographers and sociologists. A careful examination of such activity‐space segregation can provide a more comprehensive description of dynamic intergroup relations in society than conventional residential segregation, as its measurement is not limited to a particular place. However, the evaluation of activity‐space segregation is a challenging task because it requires the manipulation of large spatiotemporal data sets. The lack of software tools that can assist researchers in exploring and analyzing individuals’ travel trajectories is one of the significant impediments to empirical studies. To address this practical limitation, this article proposes a combined use of two R packages, namely,sliceandseg: the former provides tools for storing and manipulating activity‐space data, and the latter implements several existing measures of segregation that can be applied to various social places. The proposed approach is applied to the measurement of activity‐space segregation between high‐ and low‐income groups in Seoul to illustrate the key features of the packages. The results demonstrate that the use of these packages would make it more convenient to conduct activity‐space segregation research and enhance our understanding of the complex socio‐spatial phenomenon.
Retrospective cohort studies of repeat donors reveal donor‐dependent variability in the recovery of transfused platelets
Authors: Stefely Jonathan A. , Gailey Michael , Knudson Michael , Dumont Larry J. , Raife Thomas J. , Samia Noelle I. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDThe in vivo recovery of transfused platelets is variable and often unpredictable. Although many recipient‐dependent factors are well described, donor‐dependent variables remain poorly understood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTo explore donor‐dependent variables we conducted 2 retrospective studies of platelet transfusion outcomes in repeat donors. One study analyzed multiple autologous, radiolabeled platelet transfusions, and a second study analyzed multiple clinical platelet transfusions from a small cohort of repeat donors.RESULTSIn 36 subjects, multiple within‐subject determinations of recovery and survival of radiolabeled autologous platelets revealed a relative consistency in platelet recoveries within donors compared to the range of recoveries among donors. Intraclass correlation coefficients for platelet recovery were 43% to 93%. In 524 ABO‐compatible clinical platelet transfusions derived from seven donors, a linear mixed‐effects model revealed significant donor‐dependent differences in corrected count increments for units stored for 4 or 5 days.CONCLUSIONSThese two studies indicate reproducible donor‐dependent differences in transfused platelet recovery, suggesting a possible heritable influence on the quality of transfused platelets.
Testing the asymmetric effects of exchange rate pass‐through in BRICS countries: Does the state of the economy matter?
Authors: Balcilar Mehmet , Roubaud David , Usman Ojonugwa , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates not only the question of whether there is exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) but also the extent to which the pass‐through is asymmetric or state‐dependent in the BRICS countries. Using monthly data from 1999:M1 to 2019:M12 and non‐linear smooth transition vector autoregressive (STVAR) model, our results provide evidence of period‐specific ERPT between the upper and lower regime periods, governed by the selected transition variables. The results further suggest that the pass‐through of exchange rate is higher when the economy is experiencing large appreciations and expansions as well as large depreciations and recessions. Theimplication for these findings is that ERPT is strongly affected by the state of the economy.
Health-related quality Of Life In patients with advanced Soft TIssue sarcomas treated with Chemotherapy (The HOLISTIC study): protocol for an international observational cohort study
Authors: Younger Eugenie , Jones Robin L , Desar Ingrid M E , Peckitt Clare , van der Graaf Winette T A , Husson Olga 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionChemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Treatment intent is usually palliative, aiming to improve symptoms, stabilise or reduce tumour burden and extend life. Clinical trials have traditionally used radiological response, time to progression and survival as measures of treatment efficacy. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is at least equally important or more important than survival for many patients with advanced cancer. Systematically collecting HRQoL data during chemotherapy can provide greater insight into treatment efficacy from the patient perspective.The primary aims of this study are to evaluate HRQoL in patients with advanced STS treated with chemotherapy over time, explore the decision-making process and patient reflection post-treatment.Methods and analysisThis is an observational, international cohort study for 132 patients aged ≥18 years with advanced STS treated at eight centres (three in the UK, five in the Netherlands). Patients will be recruited prior to starting first-line or third-line chemotherapy and invited to complete questionnaires using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Initial treatment and Long-term Evaluation of Survivorship registry (PROFILES); an established international registry for collection of cancer patient-reported outcomes. Online (or paper) questionnaires will be completed at baseline, each cycle of chemotherapy and 2–3 monthly during follow-up. The questionnaire package includes the Decisional Conflict Scale, Control Preferences Scale, Quality–Quantity Questionnaire, treatment expectations, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), EORTC financial toxicity items, Work Ability Index, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) items and Decisional Regret Scale. Clinical data will be extracted from patient records and linked with questionnaire responses. The primary outcome measure is the change in global HRQoL from baseline to after cycle 4 of first-line chemotherapy (based on published data showing that patients with advanced STS complete a median number of four cycles of first-line chemotherapy).Ethics and disseminationHeath Research Authority and Research Ethics Committee (REC 17/NI/0197). Results from the Health-related quality Of Life In patients with advanced Soft TIssue sarcomas treated with Chemotherapy (HOLISTIC) study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at local, national and international conferences. We will also present our findings at any appropriate patient meetings and involve patients in study-related publications.Trial registration numberNCT03621332.
Gender differences in the accuracy of dietary assessment methods to measure energy intake in adults: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McKenzie Briar L , Coyle Daisy H , Burrows Tracy , Rosewarne Emalie , Peters Sanne A E , Carcel Cheryl , Collins Clare E , Norton Robyn , Woodward Mark , Jaacks Lindsay M , Webster Jacqui 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionDiet is an important modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Measurement of dietary intake usually relies on self-report, subject to multiple biases. There is a need to understand gender differences in the self-report of dietary intake and the implications of any differences in targeting nutrition interventions. Literature in this area is limited and it is currently unknown whether self-report dietary assessment methods are equally accurate for women and men. The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether there are differences by gender in reporting energy intake compared with a reference measure of total energy expenditure.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search of published original research studies will be performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane library. Original research studies will be included if they were conducted in free-living/unhospitalised adults and included a measure for both women and men of (a) self-reported energy intake and (b) total energy expenditure by doubly labelled water. One author will conduct the electronic database searches, two authors will independently screen studies, conduct a quality appraisal of the included studies using standardised tools and extract data. If further information is needed, then study authors will be contacted. If appropriate, a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted, with inverse probability weighting, to quantify differences in the mean difference in agreement between reported energy intake and measured energy expenditure between women and men, by self-report assessment method. Subgroup analyses will be conducted by participant factors, geographical factors and study quality.Ethics and disseminationAll data used will be from published primary research studies or deidentified results provided at the discretion of any study authors that we contact. We will submit our findings to a peer-reviewed scientific journal and will disseminate results through presentations at international scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019131715.