bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMP in the Infrapatellar Fat Pad—Results of a Prospective Histological, Immunohistological, and Biochemical Case–Control Study
Authors: Grevenstein David , Heilig Juliane , Dargel Jens , Oppermann Johannes , Eysel Peer , Brochhausen Christoph , Niehoff Anja 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTKnee osteoarthritis (OA) involves several structures and molecules in the joint, which interact in a pathophysiological process. One of these molecules is the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Elevated COMP levels in the synovial fluid as well as in the serum have been described in OA patients. However, this has not been described in the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) tissue before. In this prospective trial, we collected 14 IPFPs from patients with high‐grade OA (mean age 63.8 ± 17.6 years) who underwent total knee replacement (OA group) and from 11 healthy patients (mean age 33.7 ± 14.8 years) who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (control group). The presence of macrophages (CD68 and CD206) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL‐1β] and IL‐6) was analyzed. Histological and immunohistological examinations as well as immunoblotting analysis for COMP, leptin, and matrix‐metalloproteinase‐3 were performed. The IPFPs of both the OA and control group consisted of adipose tissue and fibrous tissue, and the fibrous tissue showed higher score values than the adipose tissue for COMP staining (intensity as well as stained area) in both groups. Although COMP could be detected in most samples, leptin expression was found only in single specimens. COMP could be detected mostly in the fibrous tissue portion of the IPFP. We speculate that it is involved in a remodeling process taking place in the IPFP during OA. Presence of leptin was irregular in immunohistology, and the control group showed higher scores in case of presence. Interestingly, immunoblotting could detect leptin in all analyzed samples. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 38:747‐758, 2020
Diabetes Mellitus and Gender Have a Negative Impact on the Outcome of Hip Fracture Surgery—A Pilot Study
Authors: Galbraith Adam S. , Sanz‐Nogués Clara , Glynn Sharon , Coleman Cynthia M. , Murphy Colin 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an elevated risk of post‐operative complications. The impact it has on patients living with DM following hip fracture surgery (HFS) is not completely understood and may represent a predictor of increased mortality. This study investigates the impact of DM, gender, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade, and fracture location, on the outcome of HFS in Ireland. The Hospital Inpatient Enquiry (HIPE) database records all fragility hip fractures within Galway University Hospital. Retrospective data collection was performed over a 3‐year period. Data collected included patient age, gender, date of HFS, anatomical fracture location, type of operation, ASA grade, DM status, and mortality. A database of 650 individuals was created including 461 females and 189 males, with an average group age of 80.2 ± 9.3 years. Results showed a significantly higher incidence of hip fractures in males with DM (19.57%) than females with DM (12.36%) (χ2 test, p = 0.020). Cox regression survival analysis indicated that DM status and ASA grade were the two main independent predictors of patient survival following HFS. Nevertheless, when examining the combined impact of gender and DM status on survival after HFS, results showed that survival post HFS differed significantly with gender and presence of DM (log‐rank test, p < 0.001), with males with DM performing worse than females with DM (p = 0.021) or males without DM (p = 0.001). This gender and disease‐associated outcome should prompt an early multi‐disciplinary team approach to the management of hip fractures in patients with DM. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:834‐842, 2020
Public Access for Pheasant Hunters: Understanding an Emerging Need
Authors: Wszola Lyndsie S. , Madsen Anastasia E. , Stuber Erica F. , Chizinski Christopher J. , Lusk Jeffrey J. , Taylor J. Scott , Pope Kevin L. , Fontaine Joseph J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTRing‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus; i.e., pheasant) hunting participation is declining across North America, reflecting a larger downward trend in American hunting participation and threatening benefits to grassland conservation and rural economies. To stabilize and expand the pheasant hunting population, we must first identify factors that influence pheasant hunter participation. We used an extensive in‐person hunter survey to test the hypothesis that hunter demographics interact with social‐ecological traits of hunting locations to affect hunter decisions, outcomes, and perceptions. We built a series of Bayesian mixed effects models to parse variation in demographics, perceptions, and hunt outcomes of pheasant hunters interviewed at public access hunting sites across 3 regions in Nebraska, USA, that varied in pheasant abundance and proximity to urban population centers. Among pheasant hunters in Nebraska, access to private lands was negatively related to the human population density of a pheasant hunter's home ZIP code and the distance a hunter had traveled to reach a hunting location. Pheasant hunters interviewed closer to metropolitan areas tended to be more urban and travel shorter distances, and their parties were more likely to include youth but less likely to include dogs. Hunter satisfaction was positively associated with seeing and harvesting pheasants and hunting with youth. Whereas youth participation and the number of pheasants seen varied by study region, hunter satisfaction did not differ across regions, suggesting that hunters may calibrate their expectations and build their parties based on where they plan to hunt. The variation in hunter demographics across hunting locations and disconnects between social and ecological correlates of hunter satisfaction suggests that diverse pheasant hunting constituencies will be best served by diverse pheasant hunting opportunities. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Dynamics of ephemeral streams at the foot of degraded catchments in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Demissie Biadgilgn , Van Eetvelde Veerle , Frankl Amaury , Billi Paolo , Asfaha Tesfaalem G. , Haile Mitiku , Nyssen Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe magnitudes of flash floods and their effect on channel width changes were investigated for Hara River in the Raya graben (northern Ethiopia). Precipitation was measured using rain gauges evenly distributed over the study catchment. Event peak discharges were measured with crest‐stage gauges at a reference cross‐section. Changes in channel width were measured at six monitoring sites along a 1.5 km long reach. Decadal channel width change was analyzed over the period 1965–2014. The average rainfall depth of the rainy days was 14.2 ± 9.4 mm whereas the highest was 41.9 mm and the lowest, capable to generate some flow in the river, was only 1.8 mm. The maximum calculated discharge peaked at 408 m3/s whereas the lowest flow was 19.5 m3/s. An average widening of 0.11 ± 0.19 m per flood (for a total of 3.74 m) was measured. The cumulative precipitation and cumulative channel widening suggest that larger and longer lasting rains have substantial influence on channel width change. A marked increase in channel width commonly accompanies 2–3 days of flood duration; it is less marked where there is riparian vegetation on the banks. The long‐term (1965, 1986, 2005, and 2010) measurements indicate that channel width increased rapidly over the last 50 years; nearly 25 m of widening. Generally, channel changes are mainly induced by the duration of floods rather than by their intensity and the data clearly show that ephemeral streams channel dynamics can be triggered also by floods much smaller than bankfull.
Assessing the adequacy of SWAT model to simulate postfire effects on the watershed hydrological regime and water quality
Authors: Basso Marta , Vieira Diana C.S. , Ramos Tiago B. , Mateus Marcos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractForest fires have intensified in the Mediterranean area over the last decades, becoming increasingly destructive. Catastrophic wildfires, such as the ones that occurred on the Portuguese territory during 2017, have emphasized the need for developing management tools capable of rapidly assessing their impact on downstream water bodies. This study focuses on the effects of the 2017 forest fires on the water quality of the Zêzere River (Portugal), one of the major sources of freshwater to Lisbon and the surrounding areas. During 2017, more than 100,000 ha (30% of the Zêzere watershed) were affected by wildfires, making it one of the largest burned areas in Portugal. Using the soil water assessment tool, the land use (curve number, crop vegetation management factor) and soil (soil erodibility factor) parameters were modified considering different magnitudes of the fire event (low, medium, and high severity). The impact of the different wildfires was then assessed at the subbasin level and at the entrance of Castelo de Bode reservoir. Simulations showed a significant increase in runoff and sediment concentration at the subbasin level in the years following the fire events, with high concentrations of nutrients occurring at the reservoir inlet. Nitrate concentration slightly overcame the threshold limits foreseen in legislation for drinking water, meaning that fires could have additional impact on human health. Phosphate concentration recurrently exceeded the legislation threshold, representing a severe risk to the ecosystem by potentially promoting the eutrophication of downstream water bodies, oxygen deficiency in the bottom substrate, and reduced biodiversity.
Fragile X syndrome carrier screening accompanied by genetic consultation has clinical utility in populations beyond those recommended by guidelines
Authors: Johansen Taber Katherine , Lim‐Harashima Jeraldine , Naemi Harris , Goldberg Jim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability. Many providers offer preconception or prenatal FXS carrier screening. However, guidelines recommend screening only for those with a family history or undergoing fertility evaluation. Wider screening has been resisted because of concerns about patient understanding of FXS‐associated inheritance patterns and phenotypes. Additionally, the clinical utility has been questioned.MethodsWe addressed these concerns by analyzing reproductive decision‐making and pregnancy management informed by post‐test genetic consultation among 122 FMR1 premutation carriers identified by expanded carrier screening.ResultsSixty‐three percent of those screened met guidelines screening criteria; the remaining 37% did not. Ninety‐eight percent had undergone post‐test genetic consultation. Of respondents screened preconceptionally, 74% reported planning or pursuing actions to reduce the risk of an affected pregnancy; the extent to which couples planned/pursued these actions was not significantly different between those meeting either screening criterion (76%) versus those meeting neither criterion (55%). Of respondents screened prenatally, 41% pursued prenatal diagnostic testing; the extent to which couples pursued prenatal diagnosis was not significantly different between those who met either screening criterion (37%) versus those who met neither criterion (31%).ConclusionThese results support the expansion of FXS screening criteria in guidelines.
The Potential of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis
Authors: O'Morain Victoria L. , Ramji Dipak P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAtherosclerosis, the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease, is the leading cause of global mortality. Current therapies against atherosclerosis, which mostly target the dyslipidemia associated with the disease, have considerable residual risk for cardiovascular disease together with various side effects. In addition, the outcomes from clinical trials on many promising pharmaceutical agents against atherosclerosis (e.g., low‐dose methotrexate, inhibitors against cholesteryl ester transfer protein) have been disappointing. Nutraceuticals such as probiotic bacteria have, therefore, generated substantial recent interest for the prevention of atherosclerosis and potentially as add‐ons with current pharmaceutical drugs. This review will discuss the current understanding of the anti‐atherogenic actions of probiotics from preclinical and clinical studies together with their potential underlying mechanisms of action.
Dynamic MR image reconstruction based on total generalized variation and low‐rank decomposition
Authors: Wang Dong , Smith David S. , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: November 2019

PurposePropose a novel decomposition‐based model employing the total generalized variation (TGV) and the nuclear norm, which can be used in compressed sensing‐based dynamic MR reconstructions.Theory and MethodsWe employ the nuclear norm to represent the time‐coherent background and the spatiotemporal TGV functional for the sparse dynamic component above. We first design an algorithm using the classical first‐order primal‐dual method for solving the proposed model and then give the norm estimation for the convergence condition. The proposed model is compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods on different data sets under different sampling schemes and acceleration factors.ResultsThe proposed model achieves higher SERs and SSIMs than kt‐SLR, kt‐RPCA, L+S, and ICTGV on cardiac perfusion and breast DCE‐MRI data sets under both the pseudoradial and the Cartesian sampling schemes. In addition, the proposed model better suppresses the spatial artifacts and preserves the edges.ConclusionsThe proposed model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods and generates high‐quality reconstructions under different sampling schemes and different acceleration factors.
The apparent mechanical effect of isolated amyloid‐β and α‐synuclein aggregates revealed by multi‐frequency MRE
Authors: Bigot Mathilde , Chauveau Fabien , Amaz Camille , Sinkus Ralph , Beuf Olivier , Lambert Simon A. 
Published: November 2019

Several biological processes are involved in dementia, and fibrillar aggregation of misshaped endogenous proteins appears to be an early hallmark of neurodegenerative disease. A recently developed means of studying neurodegenerative diseases is magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), an imaging technique investigating the mechanical properties of tissues. Although mechanical changes associated with these diseases have been detected, the specific signal of fibrils has not yet been isolated in clinical or preclinical studies. The current study aims to exploit the fractal‐like properties of fibrils to separate them from nonaggregated proteins using a multi‐frequency MRE power law exponent in a phantom study. Two types of fibril, α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) and amyloid‐β (Aβ), and a nonaggregated protein, bovine serum albumin, used as control, were incorporated in a dedicated nondispersive agarose phantom. Elastography was performed at multiple frequencies between 400 and 1200 Hz. After 3D‐direct inversion, storage modulus (G'), phase angle (ϕ), wave speed and the power law exponent (y) were computed. No significant changes in G' and ϕ were detected. Both α‐Syn and Aβ inclusions showed significantly higher y values than control inclusions (P = 0.005) but did not differ between each other. The current phantom study highlighted a specific biomechanical effect of α‐Syn and Aβ aggregates, which was better captured with the power law exponent derived from multi‐frequency MRE than with single frequency‐derived parameters.
Demonstrating the Value of the Nutrition Support Team to the C‐Suite in a Value‐Based Environment: Rise or Demise of Nutrition Support Teams?
Authors: Barrocas Albert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNutrition support teams (NSTs) in the United States have had to justify their existence since their inception in the 1970s. Concomitant with those efforts, changes in healthcare financing have challenged hospital administrators to adapt their reimbursement strategies and methods. NSTs, if they are to survive and/or thrive, must be aware of the convulsive currents of change faced by those who determine which programs move downstream and which find their demise on the banks of the stream. This review provides a historical perspective of both the US healthcare financing system and the NST experiences of nutrition clinicians over the past 4 decades. Focused discussions of 5 teams are provided from individual members of those varied NSTs. Additional recommendations from the administrative side of the equation are presented by 3 administrators. Whether NSTs will “rise or demise” depends on many factors. Understanding what those who control the purse strings are seeking in terms of salutary cost and quality outcomes in the current value‐based system will facilitate the NST's communication with them. The demonstration of the NST's value is more likely to succeed when bolstered by current evidence‐based data as applied to the specific institution. These efforts can be carried out by a formal NST in larger or academic institutions or a “virtual” team with a single individual coordinating the services in a transdisciplinary fashion, employing the acronym ACT (accountability, communication, [transdisciplinary] teamwork).
A place‐based participatory mapping approach for assessing cultural ecosystem services in urban green space
Authors: Jones Lizzie , Holland Robert A. , Ball Jennifer , Sykes Tim , Taylor Gail , Ingwall‐King Lisa , Snaddon Jake L. , S.‐H. Peh Kelvin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) encompass a range of social, cultural and health benefits to local communities, for example recreation, spirituality, a sense of place and local identity. However, these complex and place‐specific CES are often overlooked in rapid land management decisions and assessed using broad, top–down approaches.

We use the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site‐based Assessment (TESSA) to examine a novel approach to rapid assessment of local CES provision using inductive, participatory methods. We combined free‐listing and participatory geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to quantify and map perceptions of current CES provision of an urban green space. The results were then statistically compared with those of a proposed alternative scenario with the aim to inform future decision‐making.

By identifying changes in the spatial hotspots of CES in our study area, we revealed a spatially specific shift towards positive sentiment regarding several CES under the alternative state with variance across demographic and stakeholder groups. Response aggregations in areas of proposed development reveal previously unknown stakeholder preferences to local decision‐makers and highlight potential trade‐offs for conservation management. Free‐listed responses revealed deeper insight into personal opinion and context.

This work serves as a useful case study on how the perceptions and opinions of local people regarding local CES could be accounted for in the future planning of an urban greenspace and how thorough analysis of CES provision is important to fully inform local‐scale conservation and planning for the mutual benefit of local communities and nature.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Film formation and mechanical properties of an opaque titanium dioxide and transparent polyvinyl alcohol composite films
Authors: Bozdoğan Altan , Aksakal Baki , Yargi Onder 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMechanical, optical, and film formation properties of titanium dioxide/polyvinyl alcohol (TiO2/PVA) composites were studied. Two identical experimental sets of % TiO2content were prepared that one set is in the range of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, and 20 wt% for the film formation and the second set is 5 and 50 wt% for the mechanical measurements. Photon transmission technique (PT) at room temperature was used for the film formation process after annealing for 10 min at the temperatures changing from 100 to 270°C. The increase and decrease in the transmission light intensity (Itr) from the composite films were attributed to void closure and interdiffusion models, respectively. The results were consistent with the data obtained from the film formation processes and mechanical measurements that the addition of TiO2in PVA had remarkable improvement on mechanical properties, for example, increment in the Young's modulus and the rigidity as TiO2content increased from 5 to 50 wt%, and it had also good film forming especially above 10 wt% TiO2for the void closure processes leading to lower the activation energy. It was observed that for the lower content of TiO2such as 5 wt%, the tensile strength and Young's modulus increased remarkably for heating temperature increased up to 150°C. However, with the increase of TiO2content, the maximum values of the mechanical strength and modulus were shifted to 180°C for 50 wt% TiO2from 150°C for 5 wt% TiO2because of the thermal stability of TiO2.
Is there still a role for nuchal translucency measurement in the changing paradigm of first trimester screening?
Authors: Bardi Francesca , Bosschieter Pien , Verheij Joke , Go Attie , Haak Monique , Bekker Mireille , Sikkel Esther , Coumans Audrey , Pajkrt Eva , Bilardo Caterina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo give an overview of the genetic and structural abnormalities occurring in fetuses with nuchal translucency (NT) measurement exceeding the 95th percentile at first‐trimester screening and to investigate which of these abnormalities would be missed if cell‐free fetal DNA (cfDNA) were used as a first‐tier screening test for chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsThis is a national study including 1901 pregnancies with NT≥95th percentile referred to seven university hospitals in the Netherlands between 1 January 2010 and 1 January 2016. All cases with unknown pregnancy outcome were excluded. Results of detailed ultrasound examinations, karyotyping, genotyping, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, investigation by a clinical geneticist and post‐mortem investigations were collected.ResultsIn total, 821 (43%) pregnancies had at least one abnormality. The rate of abnormalities was 21% for fetuses with NT between 95th and 99th percentile and 62% for fetuses with NT≥99th percentile. Prevalence of single‐gene disorders, submicroscopic, chromosomal and structural abnormalities was 2%, 2%, 30% and 9%, respectively.ConclusionAlthough cfDNA is superior to the combined test, especially for the detection of trisomy 21, 34% of the congenital abnormalities occurring in fetuses with increased NT may remain undetected in the first trimester of pregnancy, unless cfDNA is used in combination with fetal sonographic assessment, including NT measurement.