bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes derived from ancient polyploidy have higher genetic diversity and are associated with domestication inBrassica rapa
Authors: Qi Xinshuai , An Hong , Hall Tara E. , Di Chenlu , Blischak Paul D. , McKibben Michael T. W. , Hao Yue , Conant Gavin C. , Pires J. Chris , Barker Michael S. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMany crops are polyploid or have a polyploid ancestry. Recent phylogenetic analyses have found that polyploidy often preceded the domestication of crop plants. One explanation for this observation is that increased genetic diversity following polyploidy may have been important during the strong artificial selection that occurs during domestication.To test the connection between domestication and polyploidy, we identified and examined candidate genes associated with the domestication of the diverse crop varieties ofBrassica rapa. Like all “diploid” flowering plants,B. rapahas a diploidized paleopolyploid genome and experienced many rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD). We analyzed transcriptome data of more than 100 cultivatedB. rapaaccessions.Using a combination of approaches, we identified more than 3,000 candidate genes associated with the domestication of four majorB. rapacrop varieties. Consistent with our expectation, we found that the candidate genes were significantly enriched with genes derived from the Brassiceae mesohexaploidy. We also observed that paleologs were significantly more diverse than non-paleologs.Our analyses find evidence for that genetic diversity derived from ancient polyploidy played a key role in the domestication ofB. rapaand provide support for its importance in the success of modern agriculture.
Junctophilin-4 is essential for signalling at plasma membrane-endoplasmic reticulum junctions in sensory neurons
Authors: Hogea Alexandra , Shah Shihab , Jones Frederick , Carver Chase M , Hao Han , Liang Ce , Huang Dongyang , Du Xiaona , Gamper Nikita 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJunctions of endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane (ER-PM junctions) serve as signaling hubs in prokaryotic cells. ER-PM junctions are present in peripheral sensory neurons and are necessary for pro-inflammatory G protein coupled receptor signalling and for inflammatory pain generation. Yet, the principles of ER-PM junctions assembly and maintenance, as well as their role in inflammatory signaling in sensory neurons are only beginning to emerge. Here we discovered that a member of the junctophilin family of proteins, JPH4, is abundantly expressed in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and is necessary for the formation of store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) complex at the ER-PM junctions in response to the G-protein induced ER Ca2+ store depletion. Furthermore, we demonstrate a key role of the JPH4 and ER Ca2+ stores in the maintenance of inflammatory pain. Indeed, knockdown of JPH4 expression in DRG in vivo significantly reduced the duration of pain produced by inflammatory mediator bradykinin. Since the ER supplies Ca2+ for the excitatory action of multiple inflammatory mediators, we suggest that junctional Ca2+ signalling maintained by JPH4 is an important contributor to the inflammatory pain mechanisms.
Fate of developmental mechanisms of myocardial plasticity in the postnatal heart
Authors: Hatzistergos Konstantinos E. , Durante Michael A. , Valasaki Krystalenia , Harbour J. William , Hare Joshua M. 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYWhether the heart’s organ-founding, progenitor cell gene regulatory networks (CPC-GRNs) are sustained after birth and can be therapeutically evoked for regeneration in response to disease, remains elusive. Here, we report a spatiotemporally resolved analysis of CPC-GRN deployment dynamics, through the pan-CPC-GRN gene Isl1. We show that the Isl1-CPC-GRNs that are deployed during early cardiogenesis and generate the cardiomyocyte majority from mesoderm, undergo programmed silencing through proteasome- and PRC2-mediated Isl1 repression, selectively in the arterial pole. In contrast, we identify a neural crest (CNC)-specific Wnt/β-catenin/Isl1-CPC-GRN that is deployed through the venous pole during cardiac growth and partitioning, and contributes a minority of cardiomyocytes which, in turn, expand massively to build ~10% of the biventricular myocardium. These “dorsal CNCs” continue to sporadically generate cardiomyocytes throughout postnatal growth which, however, are non-proliferative, suggesting that partitioning-like, fetal proliferation signals could be therapeutically targeted to evoke clonal expansion capacity in postnatal CNC-cardiomyocytes for heart regeneration.
von Willebrand Factor D and EGF Domains is an evolutionarily conserved and required feature of blastemas capable of multi-tissue appendage regeneration
Authors: Leigh N.D. , Sessa S. , Dragalzew A.C. , Payzin-Dogru D. , Sousa J.F. , Aggouras A.N. , Johnson K. , Dunlap G.S. , Haas B.J. , Levin M. , Schneider I. , Whited J.L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRegenerative ability varies tremendously across species. A common feature of regeneration of appendages such as limbs, fins, antlers, and tails is the formation of a blastema--a transient structure that houses a pool of progenitor cells that regenerate the missing tissue. We have identified the expression of von Willebrand Factor D and EGF Domains (vwde) as a common feature of blastemas capable of regenerating limbs and fins in a variety of highly regenerative species. Further, vwde expression is tightly linked to the ability to regenerate appendages. Functional experiments demonstrate a requirement for vwde in regeneration and indicate that Vwde is a potent mitogen in the blastema. These data identify a key role for vwde in regenerating blastemas and underscore the power of an evolutionarily-informed approach for identifying conserved genetic components of regeneration.
Human pseudoislet system enables detection of differences in G-protein-coupled-receptor signaling pathways between α and β cells
Authors: Walker John T. , Haliyur Rachana , Nelson Heather A. , Ishahak Matthew , Poffenberger Gregory , Aramandla Radhika , Reihsmann Conrad , Luchsinger Joseph R. , Saunders Diane C. , Wang Peng , Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo , Bottino Rita , Agarwal Ashutosh , Powers Alvin C. , Brissova Marcela 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYG-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs) modulate insulin secretion from β cells and glucagon secretion from α cells. Here, we developed an integrated approach to study the function of primary human islet cells using genetically modified pseudoislets that resemble native islets across multiple parameters. We studied the Gi and Gq GPCR pathways by expressing the designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) hM4Di or hM3Dq. Activation of Gi signaling reduced insulin and glucagon secretion, while activation of Gq signaling stimulated glucagon secretion but had both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on insulin secretion. Further, we developed a microperifusion system that allowed synchronous acquisition of GCaMP6f biosensor signal and hormone secretory profiles and showed that the dual effects for Gq signaling occur through changes in intracellular Ca2+. By combining pseudoislets with a microfluidic system, we co-registered intracellular signaling dynamics and hormone secretion and demonstrated differences in GPCR signaling pathways between human β and α cells.
Demonstration of RNA interference by bacterial feeding in Stentor polymorphus
Authors: Slabodnick Mark M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStentor is a genus of large trumpet-shaped unicellular organisms in the ciliate phylum. Classically they have been used as models of cellular morphogenesis due to their large size and ability to regenerate, but some Stentor species have features that make them useful models for other types of studies as well. Stentor polymorphus is a widely distributed species that harbors green algal endosymbionts from the Chlorella genus. While interesting phenomenology in this species has been described, molecular tools have never been developed in this system. As technology has advanced, the use of emerging models like S. polymorphus has become more prevalent, and recently a set of transcriptomes for S. polymorphus was published. However, there are still technical hurdles to using S. polymorphus as an effective experimental system in the lab. Here I describe the identification and culture of a S. polymorphus population from North Carolina as well as the identification and cloning of homologs of α-tubulin and the morphogenesis gene mob-1. Additionally, I demonstrate that RNA interference (RNAi) by feeding is effective against both of these homologs in S. polymorphus. The phenotypes observed in S. polymorphus were similar to phenotypes previously validated in S. coeruleus, a related Stentor species. A direct comparison of feeding RNAi between the two species revealed that RNAi appeared to be less effective in S. polymorphus. The ability to perform RNAi in S. polymorphus strengthens its use as an emerging model for exploring mechanisms of unicellular morphogenesis and regeneration or host-symbiont interactions and suggests that RNAi by bacterial feeding might be more broadly effective across the Stentor genus.
Evaluation of yield, yield stability and yield-protein trade-off in commercial faba bean cultivars
Authors: Skovbjerg Cathrine Kiel , Knudsen Jens Nørgaard , Füchtbauer Winnie , Stougaard Jens , Stoddard Frederick L. , Janss Luc , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFaba bean is a legume crop with high protein content and large potential for cultivation in the Northern latitudes. However, it has a reputation for being an unstable crop with large inter-annual variability, mostly explained by yearly variation in rainfall. Consequently, the objective is to breed cultivars with high seed yield and high yield stability. In this study, 17 commercial cultivars of faba bean were evaluated for seed yield, yield stability and trade-off between seed yield and protein content in four locations in Denmark and Finland during 2016-2018. We found that location and year effects accounted for 72% of the total seed yield variation. Cultivar by environment interactions (G×E) were found to be small and did not cause re-ranking of cultivars in different environments. Yield stability contributed little to the mean yield of the cultivars because high-yielding cultivars consistently outperformed the lower yielding genotypes, even under the most adverse conditions. The latter was also the case for total protein yield quantified as total yield multiplied by seed protein percentage. Although we found a strong negative correlation of −0.64 between yield and protein content, a few cultivars produced high yields while maintaining a relatively high protein content, suggesting that these traits may to some degree be genetically separable.
An empirical investigation of the relationship between the real exchange rate and net FDI inflows in Mauritius
Authors: Babubudjnauth Ashok , Seetanah Boopendra 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find out the impact of real exchange rate on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mauritius.Design/methodology/approachAutoregressive distributed lag time series methodology is used.FindingsReal exchange rate depreciation enhances inflows of FDI in both the short and long run.Originality/valueThe research is original, and data used are from official sources.
Firm productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: how relevant is quality of tax administration?
Authors: Kamasa Kofi , Adu George , Oteng-Abayie Eric Fosu 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find the effect of quality of tax administration on firm productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Also, the paper investigates whether the effect of quality of tax administration on firm productivity varies with respect to firms of different ages and sizes.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses the World Bank Enterprise Survey data for 6,718 firms across 40 countries in SSA. By employing the least square method, the estimations are robust since country and industry heterogeneity are controlled, as well as other covariates that affect firm productivity such as capital, technology, business environment, infrastructure and firm characteristics.

Findings
Results of the paper reveal that productivity of firms reduces with poor quality of tax administration. With positive and significant interaction term coefficient between smaller firms and quality of tax administration, the findings also reveal that smaller firms do benefit in the presence of poor quality of tax administration than larger firms.

Originality/value
The study contributes to policy by providing empirical evidence on the impact that quality of tax administration has on firm productivity. Empirically, the paper is also the first to assess the effect of tax administration quality on firm productivity with sole emphasis on SSA (to the best of the authors’ knowledge after review of literature). The paper suggests reforms and improvement in tax administration so as to reduce compliance burden and improve productivity.
Scripting the experience of mathematics teaching
Authors: Biza Irene , Nardi Elena 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate a proactive reflective activity for mathematics student teachers in which they consider mathematical content and its teaching in highly specific classroom situations.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted in context of a mathematics Initial Teacher Education programme in the UK. Participants were invited from the whole cohort of student teachers to identify, script and reflect upon critical classroom incidents. In total, 12 such scripts were produced and then discussed by 17 student teachers in group and plenary sessions. Discussions were audio-recorded. Scripts and discussions were analysed according to four characteristics: consistency between stated pedagogical priorities and intended practices; specificity of the reflection to the classroom situation reported in the scripts; reification of pedagogical discourse; and, reification of mathematical discourse.

Findings
In the results, the authors exemplify student teachers’ insights that emerged from the analysis of the scripts through the typology of the four characteristics, and the authors observe that the student teachers’ insights mirror the complexity and richness of the mathematics classrooms they face. The authors’ examples and their evaluation through the aforementioned typology of the four characteristics illustrate the potency of student teachers’ participation in producing, and reflecting upon, individually and collectively, critical incidents of their inaugural experiences in the classroom.

Practical implications
As these activities take placein the context of teacher education, professional development or developmental research environments, an additional challenge is to generate robust and informative evaluation of teachers’ engagement with reflection and research on their practice. This study takes on this challenge in the context of a mathematics teacher education programme in the UK: the authors propose and evaluate a proactive reflective activity for mathematics student teachers in which they consider mathematical content and its teaching in highly specific classroom situations.

Originality/value
The examples and their evaluation through the typology of four characteristics illustrate the potency of student teachers’ participation in producing, and reflecting upon, individually and collectively, critical incidents of their inaugural experiences in the classroom.
Service system well-being: conceptualising a holistic concept
Authors: Leo Wei Wei Cheryl , Laud Gaurangi , Yunhsin Chou Cindy 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a concept of service system well-being by presenting its collective conceptualisation and ten key domains.Design/methodology/approachService system well-being domains were established using multi-level theory and a qualitative case study research design. To validate the domains initially developed from the literature, 19 in-depth interviews were conducted across two case studies that represented the service systems of a hospital and a multi-store retail franchise chain. A multi-stakeholder approach was used to explore the actor’s perspectives about service system well-being. Key domains of service system well-being were identified using deductive categorisation analysis.FindingsThe findings found evidence of ten key domains of well-being, namely strategic, governance, leadership, resource, community, social, collaborative, cultural, existential and transformational, among service system stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsService system well-being is a collective concept comprising ten domains that emerged at different levels of the service system. The propositions outlined the classification of and interlinkages between the domains. This exploratory study was conducted in a limited service context and focussed on ten key domains.Practical implicationsService managers in commercial and social organisations are able to apply the notion of service system well-being to identify gaps and nurture well-being deficiencies within different domains of service-system well-being.Originality/valueBased on multi-level theory, the study is the first to conceptualise and explore the concept of service system well-being across multiple actors.
The human impact on the emergence of firm supply chain agility: a multilevel framework
Authors: Golgeci Ismail , Bouguerra Abderaouf , Rofcanin Yasin 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe human element, especially its multilevel manifestation, has been overlooked in research investigating the antecedents of firm supply chain agility (FSCA). The purpose of this paper is to explore how a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation affect FSCA through individual capabilities and actions within the boundary conditions of individual identification with the firm and organizational work climate.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a multilevel approach and drawing on a cross-disciplinary reading of the literature, the authors analyze drivers and enablers of FSCA and advance a framework explaining the emergence of FSCA within the boundary conditions of transformational leadership, individual identification and organizational work climate.FindingsThe authors advance that relevant individual capabilities and intraorganizational actions underlie FSCA in the firms’ pursuit of realizing their strategic orientations as increased agile capacities. The effectiveness of individual capabilities and actions for the emergence of FSCA is contingent upon the extent to which managers identify themselves with their firm, transformational leadership and the nature of organizational work climate.Originality/valueThe original contribution of the paper is to explain the interplay between the multilayered attitudinal, behavioral and structural enablers of FSCA and incorporate the human element into the research on the antecedents of FSCA.
The development of a conical screw-based extrusion deposition system and its application in fused deposition modeling with thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Leng Jie , Wu Junjie , Chen Ning , Xu Xiang , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to develop an integrated and portable desktop 3D printer using direct extruding technology to expand applied material field. Different from conventional fused deposition modeling (FDM) which uses polymer filaments as feedstock, the developed system can fabricate products directly using polymer pellets. And its printing properties are also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
A conical screw-based extrusion deposition (CSBED) system was developed with a large taper conical screw to plasticize and extrude fed materials. The 3D printer was developed with assistance of precision positioning and controlling system. Biocompatible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) pellets were selected as raw materials for experiments. The influences of four processing parameters: nozzle temperature, fill vector orientation, layer thickness and infill density on the product’s internal structure and tensile properties were investigated.

Findings
It is concluded that the customized system has a high manufacturing accuracy with a diminutive global size and is suitable for printing soft materials such as TPU. Theoretical calculation shows the developed conical screw is more effective in plasticizing and extruding compared with conventional screw. Printed samples can achieve applicable tensile properties under harmonious parameter cooperation. Deposited materials are found to have voids among adjacent roads under unbefitting parameters.

Originality/value
The developed system efficiently improves material limitations compared to commercial FDM systems and exhibits great potential in medical field because soft materials such as biocompatible TPU pellets can be directly used.
Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus strains from milk and goat cheese and evaluation of their inhibition by gallic acid, nisin and velame of the Brazilian caatinga
Authors: Oliveira Anay Priscilla David de , Costa Mateus Matiuzzi da , Nogueira Daniel Maia , Dias Francesca Silva 
Published: November 2019

Twenty isolates from milk and goat cheese were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus. These isolates were characterised for phenotypic properties related to cell adhesion and for the presence of enterotoxin production, intercellular adhesion and β‐lactam resistance genes. Staphylococcus aureus L47 showed cell adhesion ability and positivity for the sec, sed, icaD, mecA and blaZ genes. Three antimicrobial compounds were tested singly or in pairs for growth control of strain L47: gallic acid (GA), nisin and essential oil (EO) of Croton heliotropiifolius (velame). At 24 h, EO and EO + nisin showed higher inhibitory activity against S. aureus L47 in goat milk.
How Do Cultural Worldviews Shape Food Technology Perceptions? Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Yang Yang , Hobbs Jill E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAgricultural biotechnology (genetic modification) has encountered resistance from many consumers, resulting in disparate regulatory approaches across different jurisdictions. The recent advent of CRISPR‐Cas9, or gene editing, offers the potential for significant improvements in plant breeding. However, little is known currently about consumer responses to the technology. A factor often omitted from previous economic analyses of consumer acceptance of new food technologies is underlying human values or worldviews. Drawing upon cultural cognition theory and using data from a survey of Canadian consumers, we examine the influence of cultural values on food choice behaviours. Respondents’ pre‐existing cultural values are measured on two dimensions: hierarchy‐egalitarianism and individualism‐communitarianism. Choice behaviours are captured using a discrete choice experiment featuring a sliced apple product with two consumer‐oriented attributes (non‐browning and antioxidant‐enhanced) and three novel food technologies (gene editing, genetic modification, edible coating). Using a random parameters logit model with error components we find pre‐existing cultural values to be significant determinants of choice behaviours. Individuals pre‐disposed towards a hierarchical worldview are more accepting of novel food technologies, as are individuals with a communitarian worldview. While the use of gene editing results in negative marginal utilities in a food choice situation, the effect is not as large as with genetic modification, suggesting there is scope to ameliorate potentially negative reactions to the technology with value‐compatible messages.