bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DANGER THEORY AND DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN
Authors: Poniewierska-Baran Agata , Tokarz-Deptuła Beata , Deptuła Wiesław 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The immune system (IS) of mammals has developed many mechanisms to effectively ravage foreign factors, including pathogens. In 1994, Polly Matzinger published a theory of danger, a new view in immunology, describing the response of the immune system to danger, caused by trauma and/or presence of pathogens. This theory brings a different view on the current theory, that the IS distinguishes between own (self) and foreign (non-self) structures and reacts only to non-self factors. According to the danger theory, the IS has the ability to verify “safe” and “dangerous” factors, thus explaining immune reactions caused by tissue damage, referred to as “sterile inflammation”, but also occurring during the infection. It is believed that the fundamental elements in danger theory are dangerous molecules-damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), which are released from damaged or dead tissue and cells, but they are also present in physiological conditions and give analogous immune response to this induced by self/ non-self factors.
1. Introduction. 2. The danger theory. 3. Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). 3.1. Characteristics of selected damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). 4. Summary
STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS AS A CAUSATIVE AGENT OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Authors: Podgórska Beata , Kędzia Danuta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance are two of the most important threats in contemporary medicine and represent a serious burden for the public health system. Whereas previously only regarded as an innocuous commensal microorganism of human skin, S. epidermidis is nowadays seen as an important opportunistic pathogen and the most frequent cause of nosocomial infections. S. epidermidis is the most genotypically diverse species within the genus Staphylococcus. Strains belonging to ST2, the most frequently found sequence type of hospital-associated invasive S. epidermidis are characterised by bacterial biofilm formation and resistance to methicillin amongst other antibiotics. S. epidermidis is mainly responsible for bloodstream infections and other biomedical device-related infections. Treating infections characterized with biofilm formation is problematic, additional challenge, is differentiation between actual S. epidermidis bloodstream infections versus blood samples contamination.
1. Introduction. 2. S. epidermidis characteristics. 2.1. Genome structure. 2.2. Genotypic diversity 3. Bacterial biofilm and strategies combating. 4. Antibiotic resistance. 5. Epidemiology and environmental transmission. 5.1. Genotyping methods. 6. S. epidermidis as infectious agent. 6.1. Bloodstream infections. 6.2. Neonatal sepsis. 6.3. Infective endocarditis. 6.4. Orthopedic infections. 6.5. Ophthalmic infections. 6.6. Urinary tract infections. 7. Genetic markers for virulent hospital strains detection. 8. Summary
Households' willingness to pay for quality of drinking water in Jaffna area of Sri Lanka
Authors: Krishnapillai Sooriyakumar , Perinpanathan Sumangkalai , Sivakumar Sivashankar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractJaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka depends on groundwater for drinking water. Supply of clean drinking water has become limited due to overuse of agrochemicals, widespread use of pit latrines, and seawater intrusion. The aim of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay for the attributes of water quality and supply. One hundred and twenty households were randomly selected in the study area. A choice modeling approach was employed. The result indicates that, on average, households' willingness to pay for the improvement of water quality is three times higher than their monthly payment. Households are willing to pay more for reduction in calcium than for reduction in nitrate and improvement of other attributes. The education level of households influences willingness to pay for the improvement of water quality more than the income level of households. There is high potential to finance for the improvement of the water quality from the households. Water supply and drainage board can afford to supply the drinking water at the WHO standard and charge price on a volumetric basis. The findings of this study would be useful for policymakers to set the appropriate price and policy to develop a sustainable project.
Runoff pollution control of a sewage discharge project based on green concept – a sewage runoff pollution control system
Authors: Wang Yuan-Xu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The problem of runoff pollution in sewage discharge projects mainly depends on manual inspections, and this traditional inspection method has high personnel and time costs. Moreover, with rapid development of the Internet of Things technology, application of intelligent information management has become a development trend of various neighborhoods where LoRa communication technology with low power consumption and long-distance transmission characteristics has been widely used. Therefore, starting from the concept of green environmental protection, LoRa technology is used in this paper to design and develop a runoff pollution control system including a management terminal, terminal and network components for waste-water discharge projects. The main function is to calculate and comprehensively analyze the conventional indexes such as CODCr, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the sewage treatment process, which reduces the calculation error of total pollutant treatment volume and total production volume, and improves the data accuracy of the sewage purification project. Meanwhile, the example verifies that the system proposed in the paper has accurate analysis of runoff pollution characteristics and accurate data calculation, which provides technical support for sustainable development and green development goals and mitigation of water crisis.
Lentil waste as novel natural coagulant for agricultural wastewater treatment
Authors: Chua Siong-Chin , Show Pau Loke , Chong Fai-Kait , Ho Yeek-Chia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Increasing agricultural irrigation to counteract a soil moisture deficit has resulted in the production of hazardous agricultural wastewater with high turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). An innovative, sustainable, and effective solution is needed to overcome the pollution and water scarcity issues caused by the agricultural anthropogenic processes. This research focused on a sustainable solution that utilized a waste (broken lentil) as natural coagulant for turbidity and COD removal in agricultural wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the lentil extract (LE), grafted lentil extract (LE-g-DMC) and aluminium sulphate (alum) coagulants was optimized through the response surface methodology. Three-level Box–Behnken design was used to statistically visualize the complex interactions of pH, concentration of coagulants and settling time. LE achieved a significant 99.55% and 79.87% removal of turbidity and COD at pH 4, 88.46 mg/L of LE and 6.9 minutes of settling time, whereas LE-g-DMC achieved 99.83% and 80.32% removal of turbidity and COD at pH 6.7, 63.08 mg/L of LE-g-DMC and 5 minutes of settling time. As compared to alum, LE-g-DMC required approximately 30% less concentration. Moreover, LE and LE-g-DMC also required 75% and 65% less settling time as compared to the alum. Both LE and LE-g-DMC produced flocs with excellent settling ability (5.77 mg/L and 4.48 mL/g) and produced a significant less volume of sludge (10.60 mL/L and 8.23 mL/L) as compared with the alum. The economic analysis and assessments have proven the feasibility of both lentil-based coagulants in agricultural wastewater treatment.
Degradation of estriol (E3) and transformation pathways after applying photochemical removal processes in natural surface water
Authors: Perondi T. , Michelon W. , Basso A. , Bohrer J. K. , Viancelli A. , Fonseca T. G. , Treichel H. , Moreira R. F. P. M. , Peralta R. A. , Düsman E. , Pokrywiecki T. S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Steroidal hormones such as estriol (E3), are resistant to biodegradation; hence their removal by conventional treatment systems (aerobic and anaerobic) facilities is limited. These substances are detected in surface water, and present risks to the aquatic ecosystem and humans via potential biological activity. Photochemical treatments can be used to remove E3; however, just a few studies have analyzed the kinetics, intermediates, and E3 degradation pathways in natural surface water. In this study, the behavior of E3 under ultraviolet irradiation associated with H2O2, O3 or TiO2 was investigated to determine the degradation potential and the transformation pathways in reactions performed with a natural surface water sample. E3 degradation kinetics (200 ppb) fitted well to the pseudo-first-order kinetics model, with kinetic constant k in the following order: kUV/O3 &gt; kUV/TiO2 &gt; kUV/H2O2 &gt; kUV. The mechanism of degradation using different advanced oxidative processes seemed to be similar and 12 transformation byproducts were identified, with 11 of them being reported here for the first time. The byproducts could be formed by the opening of the aromatic ring and addition of a hydroxyl radical. A possible route of E3 degradation was proposed based on the byproducts identified, and some of the byproducts presented chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms, demonstrating the risks of exposure.
Assessing Public Opinion on CRISPR-Cas9: Combining Crowdsourcing and Deep Learning
Authors: Müller Martin , Schneider Manuel , Salathé Marcel , Vayena Effy 
Published: August 2020

Background
The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9–based gene editing method has opened unprecedented new potential for biological and medical engineering, sparking a growing public debate on both the potential and dangers of CRISPR applications. Given the speed of technology development and the almost instantaneous global spread of news, it is important to follow evolving debates without much delay and in sufficient detail, as certain events may have a major long-term impact on public opinion and later influence policy decisions.

Objective
Social media networks such as Twitter have shown to be major drivers of news dissemination and public discourse. They provide a vast amount of semistructured data in almost real-time and give direct access to the content of the conversations. We can now mine and analyze such data quickly because of recent developments in machine learning and natural language processing.

Methods
Here, we used Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), an attention-based transformer model, in combination with statistical methods to analyze the entirety of all tweets ever published on CRISPR since the publication of the first gene editing application in 2013.

Results
We show that the mean sentiment of tweets was initially very positive, but began to decrease over time, and that this decline was driven by rare peaks of strong negative sentiments. Due to the high temporal resolution of the data, we were able to associate these peaks with specific events and to observe how trending topics changed over time.

Conclusions
Overall, this type of analysis can provide valuable and complementary insights into ongoing public debates, extending the traditional empirical bioethics toolset.
PENGURUSAN SURAT MODEL HIBRID: PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI E-SURAT DALAM PENGURUSAN DI DINAS KEARSIPAN DAN PERPUSTAKAAN PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Al Mubarok Eristi Dwi , Wulansari Dyah Tri 
Published: August 2020

This article examines the hybrid model of mail handling carried out by the Archives and Libraries of Central Java Province. Management using the e-Surat application was developed to facilitate the management and distribution of incoming and outgoing mail, besides that there is also a reference for uniformity in managing incoming and outgoing mail automatically. Despite utilizing the e-Surat application in mail handling. Dinarpus Central Java still carries out conventional mail management activities such as receiving, checking, disposing and signatures. Analytical descriptive method is used in describing the object being studied. Data collection used three methods, namely, participatory observation, interviews and literature study. Participatory observation was carried out through direct observation and practice of letter handling activities at Dinarpus Central Java. Interviews aim to obtain information through sources who are directly involved in mail handling activities using the e-Surat application. Literature study is a technique of collecting data from various library materials to strengthen the analysis and exposure conducted by the author. The use of e-Surat applications in management activities at Dinarpus Central Java is a hybrid model of letter management that combines electronic and conventional letter management. The e-Mail application has a significant impact on the smooth running of mail management activities, both in handling incoming and outgoing mail. This shows that the features contained in the e-Surat application have not been fully used because they are still constrained by regulations on the development stage being carried out by Dinarpus Central Java.
The Javanese Onomatopoeic Words Concerning Human Sense, Head and Eye Movements
Authors: Sunarya Sunarya 
Published: August 2020

Onomatopoeic words in the Javanese language are evidence of the uniqueness of both lingual aspects and the described facts. This study discussed the phenomenon of phonological and morphological language processing. This study examined the derivation of the onomatopoeic root words of Javanese into some form of the word as an iconic formation. The data source covered source language of local print media. The study found that the iconic words to denote the head movements are classifiable into two types of motion. The first, the head movement itself is without involving the other elements; second, the head movement which involves other elements. Head movements that do not involve other elements include the motions of up and down, like: manthuk [mantu?] ‘nodding’, lenggut-lenggut[lәŋgut-lәŋgut] ‘nodding’, and ndhingkluk [nḍiŋklu?] ‘down’; right and left lateral movements, such as: gedheg[gɛḍɛg]. Additionally, head movements that involve other elements are described by a word sundhul[sundUl]. The iconic nature of several words for eyes movements are words such as mlorok [mlɔrɔ?], kedhep [kәḍɛp], nglirik [ŋlirI?], liyer-liyer [lijәrlijәr], mencereng [mʧәñәŋrәŋ], blalak [blala?] and ngiyer [әijәr]. The word mlorok ‘glaring’ was derived from basic word plorok with addition of prefix aN-, and comes from the root rok.
From Gender Identity Oppression to Power Reversal in the Novel Calabai
Authors: Triadnyani I Gusti Ayu Agung Mas 
Published: August 2020

Recently, the sociocultural problems of transgender have shown an increase. The novel, Calabai, vividly depicts various acts of violence perpetrated by Bugis tribesmen against transgender members of the community. They consider transgender as deviant or different. From a humanist perspective, this view forms a violation of the principles of human rights. Actually, this novel develops the idea of cultural identity. Through deconstructive analysis according to Derrida, this study exposes the ideology embedded within such a textual representation of transgender. It reaches two conclusions. First, a reversal of ideology takes place in the text; from oppression based on discrimination, to a power reversal. Second, being regarded as a human being and receiving respect from another human being become a form of recognition of personal and cultural identity.
Bride-Wealth: Is There Respect for Women in Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia?
Authors: Lon Yohanes Servatius , Widyawati Fransiska 
Published: August 2020

This study explores the perspective of women in Manggarai, Flores Island in Indonesia, and the communaltraditional concept of bride-wealth as a symbol of respect for women. This study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing forty women, both married and unmarried. The respondents were asked their opinion regarding their imagination about bride-wealth and its influence on their courtship, engagement, wedding, and married life. The results indicated the presence of a gap between the social imagination of bride-wealth and the women’s true experience. Most respondents stated how bride-wealth had strained their relationship and become a source of worry. The study therefore argues that bride-wealth as a sign of respect for women in Manggarai is merely a social imagination ingrained into the women’s expectations. The study also indicates that education has changed the status of women and enables them to be independent.
Preliminary Study on Worldviews
Authors: Sartini Sartini , Ahimsa-Putra Heddy Shri 
Published: August 2020

Worldviews are an important part of human life because they illustrate the ways people think and act. This article aims to review studies conducted by scholars, definitions of the term "worldview", and scientists' explorations of worldviews, and to examine how such categories may be applied to capture reality. This study concludes that worldviews have been the focus of intensive studies since the 1980s. Many scientists have defined the concept of "worldview" and attempted to explain its dynamics. Studies of worldviews can be grouped into several paradigms. Because of the extent of the study area, theoretically worldviews can be classified into several categories based on, for example, views of self and others, time, space, relationships, and causation. In reality, the worldview of a society can be seen in how members of the society live in relation to God, nature, people, and the environment. In examining the worldviews held in social reality, the specific categories mapped by scholars must be made congruent with the realities in the field, because sometimes these categories are interrelated and difficult to understand separately.
Tourist’s Perceived Risk and Image of the Destinations Prone to Natural Disasters: The Case of Bali and Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rindrasih Erda 
Published: August 2020

Tourism has emerged as one of the largest and most rapidly growing economic sectors in the world. Nevertheless, many tourist destinations have been periodically confronted by natural disasters that threaten their survival as an industry by negatively impacting their image and safety perception. This research assessed tourists’ perception of the risk and images of a destination that is considered prone to natural disasters, by surveying 537 tourists in Yogyakarta and Bali. This study contributes to the debate on tourism development issues related to negative perceptions and images that have discouraged prospective tourists from visiting affected destinations. The results of the survey indicated that the occurrence of past disasters did not strongly influence tourists’ decision to visit Indonesia. Instead, the creation of the destination image was informed more by its current situation, and it is these current factors that may encourage or discourage potential tourists. These findings should signal to tourism planners that while environmental disasters are unavoidable, post-disaster rehabilitation of a destination’s image would significantly increase its chances of rebounding quickly.
The Influence of Translation Techniques on the Accuracy and Acceptability of Translated Utterances that Flout the Maxim of Quality
Authors: Aresta Ria 
Published: August 2020

Translating the implied meanings in utterances is one of the trickiest situations translators may confront. One example is in translating utterances that flout the maxim of quality. When a speaker flouts the maxim of quality, they are implying further information that is not represented in the utterance. Translators use various translation techniques in order to convey the meaning of the original text in the most appropriate and acceptable form in the target text. This study investigates how translation techniques may affect the quality of a translation. The approach implemented in this study is pragmatics in translation. This study belongs to the field of descriptive qualitative research with an embedded case study. For data, we look at all the utterances which may be said to be flouting the maxim of quality in the source text and its translation. Content analysis and focus group discussion were applied as the methods to collect and analyze the data. A focus group discussion was used to assess translation quality. The majority of the data was classified as accurate and acceptable, while the rest was considered less accurate and inaccurate due to the application of the translation technique amplification (addition), discursive creation and literal translation. Some data was also found to be less acceptable due to literal translation and pure borrowing.
Revealing Possible Truths Behind “Coolest Monkey in The Jungle”: Ideational Making Analysis Approach
Authors: Khasbani Imam 
Published: August 2020

Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)-commonly defined as a discourse analysis approach that focuses on both linguistic and non-linguistic resources- has been witnessing increasing popularity in the research area. It has been argued, on the one hand, that the greater level of practicality the approach has to offer compared to its predecessor (Critical Discourse Analysis) becomes the main reason of why researchers gradually turn their reference on analysing discourses to this method (Han, 2015). An increasing trend of multimodal communications - that no longer use speech or writing exclusively in their occurrences - has become the logical ground on the other (Kress, 2011). This paper, using H&M ‘monkey’ hoodie advertisement (refer to appendix) as a form of multimodal communication, employs MCDA to explore the possible advantages one can learn through the process. To start with, a brief account of the key factors in the development of MCDA will be presented. This part is then followed by the discussion of the analysis approach employed in the paper and also the rational basis for choosing the approach over others. The analysis of the advertisement is done by drawing on related language and social theories to scrutinize the ideologies the company implanted on their advertisement. A thoughtful discussion on what is understood through the analysis process and what and how one can relate the practicality of multimodality analysis to another social area such as pedagogy will mark the end of this paper’s discussion.