bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Czech Republic
Authors: Rašticová Martina , Bédiová Monika , Mikušová Jana , Krejčová Aneta , Černý Jiří 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEver-extending lifespans and low birth-rates (about 1.5 child per woman) contribute to the ageing of Czech society. By 2060, it is expected that just over one third of the Czech population will be aged 65 or over. By the 2060s, Czechs will be expected to retire at age 69 or later. Even with later retirement, the percentage of people entitled to an old-age pension will increase so that by the 2050s, approximately 28% of people may qualify for an old-age pension, compared with today’s 20%. Changes in demographic composition will also influence other indicators: the average age around 2050 might be between 48–50 years, about ten years more than now. Politicians, managers and society leaders aim to find ways to successfully face this demographic challenge and enable everybody to have a sufficient level of economic, social, and healthcare provision. Most crucial in the near future is the adaptation of employment policies and pension reform. This chapter describes the situation regarding the employment of people over 50 years in the Czech Republic, research focused on extendingworkinglife, employment policiesand characteristics of the pension system, paying special attention to gender differences.
Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase Contracts Chicken Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Akaike Toru , Minamisawa Susumu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuctus arteriosus (DA) is an essential fetal artery that connects the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta. Mammalian DA closes right after birth through vasoconstriction via a decrease in circulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [1]. Avian DA also closes after birth although avians have no placenta that is a source of PGE2 in mammals. Previous studies have demonstrated that the PGE2 signal pathway is not involved in the constriction of isolated chicken DA [2]. However, the in vivo effect of PGE2 in avian DA has been little investigated.
Thermal representations in group field theory: squeezed vacua and quantum gravity condensates
Authors: Assanioussi Mehdi , Kotecha Isha 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We apply the formalism of thermofield dynamics to group field theory quantum gravity and construct thermal representations associated with generalised equilibrium Gibbs states using Bogoliubov transformations. The newly constructed class of thermal vacua are entangled, two-mode squeezed, thermofield double states. The corresponding finite temperature representations are inequivalent to the standard zero temperature one based on a degenerate vacuum. An interesting class of states, coherent thermal states, are defined and understood as thermal quantum gravity condensates.
Holomorphic waves of black hole microstructure
Authors: Heidmann Pierre , Mayerson Daniel R. , Walker Robert , Warner Nicholas P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We obtain the largest families constructed to date of $$ \frac{1}{8} $$

1
8

-BPS solutions of type IIB supergravity. They have the same charges and mass as supersymmetric D1-D5-P black holes, but they cap off smoothly with no horizon. Their construction relies on the structure of superstratum states, but allows the momentum wave to have an arbitrary shape. Each family is based on an arbitrary holomorphic function of one variable. More broadly, we show that the most general solution is described by two arbitrary holomorphic functions of three variables. After exhibiting several new families of such “holomorphic superstrata,” we reformulate the BPS backgrounds and equations in holomorphic form and show how this simplifies their structure. The holomorphic formulation is thus both a fundamental part of superstrata as well as an effective tool for their construction. In addition, we demonstrate that holomorphy provides a powerful tool in establishing the smoothness of our solutions without constraining the underlying functions. We also exhibit new families of solutions in which the momentum waves of the superstrata are highly localized at infinity but diffuse and spread into the infra-red limit in the core of the superstratum. Our work also leads to some results that can be tested within the dual CFT.
In-vitro and in-vivo imaging of coronary artery stents with Heartbeat OCT
Authors: Cecchetti Leonardo , Wang Tianshi , Hoogendoorn Ayla , Witberg Karen T. , Ligthart Jurgen M. R. , Daemen Joost , van Beusekom Heleen M. M. , Pfeiffer Tom , Huber Robert A. , Wentzel Jolanda J. , van der Steen Antonius F. W. , van Soest Gijs 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo quantify the impact of cardiac motion on stent length measurements with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and to demonstrate in vivo OCT imaging of implanted stents, without motion artefacts. The study consists of: clinical data evaluation, simulations and in vivo tests. A comparison between OCT-measured and nominal stent lengths in 101 clinically acquired pullbacks was carried out, followed by a simulation of the effect of cardiac motion on stent length measurements, experimentally and computationally. Both a commercial system and a custom OCT, capable of completing a pullback between two consecutive ventricular contractions, were employed. A 13 mm long stent was implanted in the left anterior descending branch of two atherosclerotic swine and imaged with both OCT systems. The analysis of the clinical OCT images yielded an average difference of 1.1 ± 1.6 mm, with a maximum difference of 7.8 mm and the simulations replicated the statistics observed in clinical data. Imaging with the custom OCT, yielded an RMS error of 0.14 mm at 60 BPM with the start of the acquisition synchronized to the cardiac cycle. In vivo imaging with conventional OCT yielded a deviation of 1.2 mm, relative to the length measured on ex-vivo micro-CT, while the length measured in the pullback acquired by the custom OCT differed by 0.20 mm. We demonstrated motion artefact-free OCT-imaging of implanted stents, using ECG triggering and a rapid pullback.
A Taxicab geometry quantification system to evaluate the performance of in silico methods: a case study on adenosine receptors ligands
Authors: Kuder Kamil J. , Michalik Ilona , Kieć-Kononowicz Katarzyna , Kolb Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmong still comparatively few G protein-coupled receptors, the adenosine A2A receptor has been co-crystallized with several ligands, agonists as well as antagonists. It can thus serve as a template with a well-described orthosteric ligand binding region for adenosine receptors. As not all subtypes have been crystallized yet, and in order to investigate the usability of homology models in this context, multiple adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) homology models had been previously obtained and a library of lead-like compounds had been docked. As a result, a number of potent and one selective ligand toward the intended target have been identified. However, in in vitro experimental verification studies, many ligands also bound to the A2AAR and the A3AR subtypes. In this work we asked the question whether a classification of the ligands according to their selectivity was possible based on docking scores. Therefore, we built an A3AR homology model and docked all previously found ligands to all three receptor subtypes. As a metric, we employed an in vitro/in silico selectivity ranking system based on taxicab geometry and obtained a classification model with reasonable separation. In the next step, the method was validated with an external library of, selective ligands with similarly good performance. This classification system might also be useful in further screens.
Metabolic features of cancer cells in NRF2 addiction status
Authors: Okazaki Keito , Papagiannakopoulos Thales , Motohashi Hozumi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe KEAP1-NRF2 system is a sulfur-employing defense mechanism against oxidative and electrophilic stress. NRF2 is a potent transcription activator for genes mediating sulfur-involving redox reactions, and KEAP1 controls the NRF2 activity in response to the stimuli by utilizing reactivity of sulfur atoms. In many human cancer cells, the KEAP1-mediated regulation of NRF2 activity is abrogated, resulting in the persistent activation of NRF2. Persistently activated NRF2 drives malignant progression of cancers by increasing therapeutic resistance and promoting aggressive tumorigenesis, a state termed as NRF2 addiction. In NRF2-addicted cancer cell, NRF2 contributes to metabolic reprogramming in cooperation with other oncogenic pathways. In particular, NRF2 strongly activates cystine uptake coupled with glutamate excretion and glutathione synthesis, which increases consumption of intracellular glutamate. Decreased availability of glutamate limits anaplerosis of the TCA cycle, resulting in low mitochondrial respiration, and nitrogen source, resulting in the high dependency on exogenous non-essential amino acids. The highly enhanced glutathione synthesis is also likely to alter sulfur metabolism, which can contribute to the maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential in normal cells. The potent antioxidant and detoxification capacity supported by abundant production of glutathione is achieved at the expense of central carbon metabolism and requires skewed metabolic flow of sulfur. These metabolic features of NRF2 addiction status provide clues for novel therapeutic strategies to target NRF2-addicted cancer cells.
From Upstream to Purification: Production of Lactic Acid from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: López-Gómez José Pablo , Unger Peter , Schneider Roland , Venus Joachim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The implementation of an efficient and sustainable management of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) is a topic of intensive discussion in EU countries. Recently, the OFMSW has been investigated as a potential substrate for the production of lactic acid (LA) through fermentation. Nevertheless, none of the reports available in the literature covers all the stages of the conversion process. The present research article is a comprehensive study which includes the upstream, fermentation and downstream for the conversion of OFMSW into LA. Several batches of OFMSW were analysed for the evaluation of sugars released and LA content before the fermentation. Fermentations were performed to study the effect of hydrolysate quality on the LA production using Bacillus coagulans A166. Purification of LA, based on electrodialysis, was carried out after pilot scale fermentation of OFMSW hydrolysates. Results showed that variations in the concentrations of sugars and LA are observed from batch to batch of OFMSW. More specifically, LA can reach high concentrations even before the substrates are hydrolysed, limiting the potential applications of the final product due to low enantiomeric purities. In general, fermentations of the hydrolysate were efficient, with conversion yields of 0.65 g g−1 without the addition of extra nutrients. Downstream is still a challenging stage of the process. A LA recovery of 55% was obtained, with the most significant losses observed during the micro- and nanofiltrations. Overall, a conversion of 10% from OFMSW substrate (dry basis) to LA was achieved.

Graphic Abstract
Public Awareness and Perceptions of Colorectal Cancer Prevention: a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Knudsen Markus Dines , Hoff Geir , Tidemann-Andersen Ida , Bodin Gry Ekeberg , Øvervold Sissel , Berstad Paula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) lifestyle risk factors, willingness to participate in CRC screening, and preferences concerning channels for information on CRC prevention in the general population, including the target age of the upcoming Norwegian national CRC screening program. The present study was a cross-sectional online survey of adults aged 39 to 55 years registered as Kantar Web Panel respondents in Norway. The survey included demographic characteristics, multiple choice knowledge questions of lifestyle risk factors for CRC, attitudes towards CRC screening, and preferred channels for receiving information on CRC prevention. Of 4375 participants invited, 2007 (46%) answered the survey. The average number of correctly identified lifestyle risk factors for CRC was 7.3 of ten. Women were significantly more likely than men, and those with university or college education more likely than those with lower education to correctly identify at least eight risk factors (odds ratio, OR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.25–1.87, and OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.23–1.86, respectively). The number of correctly identified risk factors was positively associated with willingness to participate in CRC screening (P for trend < 0.001). The national public work force and the Norwegian Cancer Society were selected by 76% and 69% of the participants, respectively, to be trustworthy sources of information on CRC prevention. Awareness of CRC risk factors was associated with willingness to participate in CRC screening. The national public work force and Cancer Society can be generally accepted sources of CRC preventive information.
RethinkingBlaisdell: State Debt Relief and the Limits of Constitutional Doctrine
Authors: Zackin Emily 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the landmark caseHome Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell(1934), the Supreme Court of the United States upheld a state-level debt relief statute that was quite similar to those it had long deemed to violate the Contracts Clause. The dissent even argued that the Contracts Clause was written precisely to prohibit this type of state legislation. Rather than seeking to understand or characterize this doctrinal shift, as most work onBlaisdellhas done, this article argues that Contracts Clause doctrine had never actually eradicated the state practice of intervening in contracts. The article both highlights and explains the long-standing mismatch between Contracts Clause doctrine and state legislative practice that preceded this ruling. WhateverBlaisdellmeant as a matter of doctrine, it should also be understood as evidence of a durable state-level commitment to protecting debtors from the potentially ruinous consequences of private economic bargains.
Stability Improvement of Segway Based on Tire Model Using the SEA
Authors: Yun Haneul , Zhang Hongyu , Lee Jangmyung 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYThis study proposes the use of a series elastic actuator (SEA) in a Segway to improve the stability of the tires during linear and curved driving, thus improving the comfort of the driver and ensuring driving stability. Recently, Segway has been developed continuously for intelligent mobile vehicles and the performance of Segway is being enhanced. Therefore, safety factors during the Segway driving have been considered seriously. In most of the developments and studies on Segway, the optimization and improvement of the controller component have been tackled and there are few studies on the safety devices and the stability of driving. The impact and vibration generated from the ground due to uneven road surfaces considerably influence the force exerted on the tire, which further affects driving stability. This research focuses on the control of the SEA based on the tire model to improve the driving stability of Segway. The performance of the proposed algorithm to improve the stability of the driver has been verified by straight and curved paths driving experiments with the tire model.
Risk factors for bovine anthrax in Bangladesh, 2010–2014: a case-control study
Authors: Rume F. I. , Karim M. R. , Ahsan C. R. , Yasmin M. , Biswas P. K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A matched case-control study was conducted in Bangladesh by enrolling case smallholdings of cattle affected with anthrax in the period of October 2010 to December 2014. The cases were initially reported by mass media and/or in surveillance reports from authorities concerned in the country. In total, 43 case smallholdings were enrolled. For each case, a control was matched by similarity in herd-size and rearing of animals, selected from a distantly located (within 3–10 km) place but within the same sub-district of the case farm. Data collected by administering a prototype questionnaire were analysed by matched-pair analysis and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Out of the 43 smallholdings, 41 were located in three adjoining districts: Pabna, Sirajganj and Tangail, apparently forming a spatial cluster, could be termed ‘anthrax hot spot’ in Bangladesh. Sick animal on farm or a nearby farm slaughtered in the recent past (odds ratio (OR) 12.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–93.4, P = 0.016)), history of heavy rains occurring in the last 2 weeks preceding an outbreak (OR 13.1, 95% CI 1.2–147.1, P = 0.037) and disposing of dead animal into nearby water body (OR 11.9, 95% CI 1.0–145.3, P = 0.052) were independent risk factors for anthrax in cattle in the country.
Elastic Flexure of Young, Overlapping Basaltic Lava Flows Offshore the Galápagos and Hawaiian Islands: Observations, Modeling, and Thermal/Chronological Analysis
Authors: Abbott Kathleen , Richards Mark A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA recent multibeam bathymetry survey in the Galápagos archipelago revealed a novel observation between the islands of Santa Cruz and Santiago: a steep flexural moat formed between two volcanic flows, nearly 50 m deep and about 500 m wide. Submarine observations and elastic plate modeling are consistent with this feature forming after one inflationary flow overlapped another young flow, deflecting the underlying lava flow in what appears to be a classical elastic flexural pattern. We present a flexural analysis of this moat feature using a thin‐plate approximation to determine the effective elastic thickness of the underlying flow. Moreover, we propose that this elastic thickness serves as a proxy for the thickness of the cooling, solidifying upper crust of the lava flow at the time of deflection, a time‐dependent thermal property. This approach offers a chronological tool to put bounds on the elapsed time between two overlapping lava flows. We applied this method to the Galápagos moat to constrain the time history of its formation. Additionally, we identified and modeled seven additional flexural moat candidates in the Hawaiian archipelago and in the Galápagos using multibeam bathymetry. Elastic/thermal history analysis of these features yields relative time intervals between submarine lava flows ranging from a few years to about 600 years, which suggests that there is a critical time interval during which elastic deflection of the underlying lava flow may become “frozen in.” This methodology may provide helpful constraints on the temporal relations between overlapping lava flows wherever they form in relatively rapid succession.
Paleo‐ocean Destratification Triggered by the Subduction of the Oyashio Water Into the Sea of Japan After the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Isobe Atsuhiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Sea of Japan was strongly stratified during the Last Glacial Maximum due to constant freshwater supply. We developed a multilayer box model to investigate paleo‐oceanic dynamics that led to destratification triggered by the subduction of dense Oyashio water from the Tsugaru Strait. The Oyashio water subducted into the intermediate layer, which made the upper layer more saline through upwelling and vertical diffusion of saline seawater, thus weakening the stratification by salinity within the upper layer. This salinity also maintained the deep convection process triggered by sea ice formation during successive winters by increasing the surface salinity, and hence, density, of the upper layer. The bottom layer increased in thickness due to the persistent deep convection, thus gradually moving the subduction depth of the saline Oyashio water upward. This process accelerated the salinity increase in the upper layer, resulting in the rapid destratification and cessation of benthic hypoxia on a millennium timescale after the Last Glacial Maximum, even without considering sea level increase. Our model suggests the significance of the combination of Oyashio water subduction and deep convection in the paleo‐oceanic dynamics of the Sea of Japan. It is concluded that both the subduction of saline Oyashio water from the Tsugaru Strait and deep convection are necessary to explain the destratification of the water column during deglaciation.
Water Governance Contribution to Water and Sanitation Access Equality in Developing Countries
Authors: Bayu Tidar , Kim Hyungjun , Oki Taikan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccess to basic water service and basic sanitation service has been acknowledged as fundamental human rights. It also has been mentioned in UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 to ensure that all people will have equal access to both water and sanitation service, as well as embedded in Goal 10 that aims to reduce inequality and promoting inclusiveness. However, the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme 2017 reported that 844 million people are still living without basic access to water, and 2.3 billion are still excluded from basic sanitation service. In this study, we present quantitative global‐scale analysis of inequality of accessing the water and sanitation services from different wealth groups in 82 developing countries. We found that access inequality is rampant among developing countries particularly in terms of accessing basic sanitation service which the poor populations tend to be excluded in accessing the basic service. Based on combined multiple global data sets, we further identify which components of water governance are the key contributors to access inequality in water and sanitation services. We conclude that social and political dimension of water governance, such as government effectiveness, are influencing the occurrence of inequality of access to sanitation service in developing countries, while the inequality of access to basic water service was strongly influenced by the economic aspect of water governance, such as absorption of aid funds.
Improving Global Monthly and Daily Precipitation Estimation by Fusing Gauge Observations, Remote Sensing, and Reanalysis Data Sets
Authors: Xu Lei , Chen Nengcheng , Moradkhani Hamid , Zhang Xiang , Hu Chuli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrecipitation estimation at a global scale is essential for global water cycle simulation and water resources management. The precipitation estimation from gauge‐based, satellite retrieval, and reanalysis data sets has heterogeneous uncertainties for different areas at global land. Here, the 13 monthly precipitation data sets and the 11 daily precipitation data sets are analyzed to examine the relative uncertainty of individual data based on the developed generalized three‐cornered hat (TCH) method. The generalized TCH method can be used to evaluate the uncertainty of multiple (>3) precipitation products in an iterative optimization process. A weighting scheme is designed to merge the individual precipitation data sets to generate a new weighted precipitation using the inverse error variance‐covariance matrix of TCH estimated uncertainty. The weighted precipitation is then validated using gauged data with the minimal uncertainty among all the individual products. The merged results indicate the superiority of the weighted precipitation with substantially reduced random errors over individual data sets and a state‐of‐the‐art multisatellite merged product, namely, the Integrated Multi‐Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement at validated areas. The weighted data set can largely reproduce the interannual and seasonal variations of regional precipitation. The TCH‐based merging results outperform two other mean‐based merging methods at both monthly and daily scales. Overall, the merging scheme based on the generalized TCH method is effective to produce a new precipitation data set integrating information from multiple products for hydrometeorological applications.