bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining victims’ self‐reports on bullying: Assessing frequency, intensity, power imbalance, and goal‐directedness
Authors: Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Huitsing Gijs , Veenstra René 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBullying can be differentiated from other types of peer aggression by four key characteristics: frequency, intensity, power imbalance, and goal‐directedness. Existing instruments, however, usually assess the presence of these characteristics implicitly. Can self‐report instruments be refined using additional questions that assess each characteristic? We examined (a) what proportion of children classified as victims by the commonly used Revised Olweus’ bully/victim questionnaire (BVQ) also experienced the characteristics of bullying, and (b) the extent to which the presence of the characteristics was associated with emotional (affect, school, and classroom well‐being), relational (friendship, defending), and social status (popularity, rejection) adjustment correlates among victims. Using data from 1,738 students (Mage = 10.6; grades 5–8), including 138 victims according to the BVQ, the results showed that 43.1% of the children who were classified as victims by BVQ experienced all the four characteristics of bullying. Frequency ratings of victimization did not capture experiences that involved a power imbalance. Victims who reported all four key characteristics had greater emotional, relational, and social status problems than victims who did not report all characteristics. Thus, researchers who focus on victimization for diagnostic and prevention purposes can enrich self‐report measurements of bullying victimization by adding questions that assess the characteristics explicitly.
Tissue‐specific study across the stem of Taxus media identifies a phloem‐specific TmMYB3 involved in the transcriptional regulation of paclitaxel biosynthesis
Authors: Yu Chunna , Luo Xiujun , Zhang Chengchao , Xu Xinyun , Huang Jiefang , Chen Yueyue , Feng Shangguo , Zhan Xiaori , Zhang Lei , Yuan Huwei , Zheng Bingsong , Wang Huizhong , Shen Chenjia 
Published: January 2020

SummaryTaxus stem barks can be used for extraction of paclitaxel. However, the composition of taxoids across the whole stem and the stem tissue‐specificity of paclitaxel biosynthesis‐related enzymes remain largely unknown. We used cultivated Taxus media trees for analyses of the chemical composition and protein of major stem tissues by an integrated metabolomic and proteomic approach, and the role of TmMYB3 in paclitaxel biosynthesis was investigated. The metabolomic landscape analysis showed differences in stem tissue‐specific accumulation of metabolites. Phytochemical analysis revealed that there is high accumulation of paclitaxel in the phloem. Ten key enzymes involved in paclitaxel biosynthesis were identified, most of which are predominantly produced in the phloem. The full‐length sequence of TmMYB3 and partial promoter sequences of five paclitaxel biosynthesis‐related genes were isolated. Several MYB recognition elements were found in the promoters of TBT, DBTNBT and TS. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations indicated that TmMYB3 is involved in paclitaxel biosynthesis by activating the expression of TBT and TS. Differences in the taxoid composition of different stem tissues suggest that the whole stem of T. media has potential for biotechnological applications. Phloem‐specific TmMYB3 plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of paclitaxel biosynthesis, and may explain the phloem‐specific accumulation of paclitaxel.
Adjusting Ankle Angle Measurement Based on a Strain Gauge Bridge for Powered Transtibial Prosthesis
Authors: Feng Yanggang , Wang Qining 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Inaccurate ankle angle measurement may affect gait event detection accuracy, control parameter precision and assessment validity, and even finally result in gait asymmetry. This paper proposed an adjustment method based on a strain gauge bridge to obtain accurate ankle joint angle measurement for a powered transtibial prosthesis. The characteristics of relative creep, hysteresis, and temperature were studied. Then the curving fitting was used to study the relationship between the measured value of the strain gauge bridge and the compensation angle. Three male transtibial amputees participated in the experiments. Experimental results show that the strain gauge bridge can sense the deformation of carbon-fiber footplate, and be utilized to adjust the ankle angle. The effects of an inaccurate ankle angle were further discussed.
Atomic Study on Copper–Copper Bonding Using Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Zhang Rui , Zhao Huadong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Thermocompression bonding of copper to copper using copper nanoparticles is studied using molecular dynamics. The bonding interface formation process is investigated frst. For the bonding process, the effects of temperature and external pressure are examined. Also, we examine the grain growth at the interface. The results show that the nanoparticles with high surface energy and low compressive strength provide the active atoms to bond with copper. Pressure determining the degree of deformation of nanoparticles transfers atoms from the interior to the surface of nanoparticles and provide more surface atom to form bonds with bulk copper. While continuous pressure increase does not help bonding, higher temperature will facilitate formation of vacancies by breaking the bonds and driving the metal atoms into these vacancies. In addition, a higher temperature promotes grain growth at the interface. These behaviors indicate that using nanoparticles as a bonding layer in metal bonding can effectively reduce bonding temperature and pressure. It is necessary to select appropriate pressure at initial bonding stage and provide continuous high-temperature hold time.
The Effect of Scale and Working Fluid on Sweeping Jet Frequency and Oscillation Angle
Authors: Bohan Brian T. , Polanka Marc D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to quantify in a controlled manner the effect of oscillator scale and working fluid on oscillator performance. The performance parameters of interest include the oscillation frequency and oscillation spread angle. Three scale models were manufactured with model attributes identical except for scale with models at two times and three times a baseline scale. Four working fluids were tested including helium, ethylene, carbon dioxide, and propane to generate a range of densities and viscosities. The frequency and oscillation angle measurements were obtained using high-speed video recordings of visible schlieren imagery. Trends in frequency were observed and quantified for each oscillator scale and working gas as a function of mass flowrate. This paper shows that these values could all be nondimensionalized with the data collapsing to a single Strouhal number between 0.015 and 0.018 depending on surface roughness, independent of the Reynolds number. This result expands on the authors' previously published work and confirms the previous finding that reveals the geometry and fluid properties also scale and collapse.
Analytical Study on the Effect of a Horizontal Perforated Plate on Sloshing Motion in a Rectangular Tank
Authors: Jin Heng , Liu Yong , Song Ruiyin , Liu Yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tank sloshing in a liquid cargo ship will cause instability or even overturning of its carrier if the external wave frequency is close to the natural frequency of the tank. The inherent damping of a tank without inner structures has been found to be insufficient for suppressing violent sloshing motion. A variety of damping plates have been designed to increase the inherent damping of the tank. Of them, a horizontal perforated plate (HPP) has been proved to be effective for dissipating energy in a swaying tank through experiments. In this study, the sloshing problem in a tank with an HPP under swaying and rolling excitation is analytically studied based on the potential theory. The quadratic pressure loss boundary at the perforated plate is adopted, and the matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM) with iterative calculations is used to develop the analytical model. Based on the different porosities and submerged depths of the plate, both the free surface elevations and the hydrodynamic coefficients are carefully examined. The results give a better understanding in the effect of the inner HPP on the sloshing motion in the ship tank.
Friction and Lubrication Behavior of a Selective Laser Melted Hydraulic Spool Valve Under Contaminated Conditions
Authors: Ding Hongqin , Lu Peng , Zhang Chao , Zhu Yi , Yang Huayong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) technology has a great potential to reduce size and weight of hydraulic valves. However, the tribological performance of an SLMed valve has not been studied which is crucial for the performance and reliability of the valve, especially under contaminated conditions. In this study, the friction and lubrication behavior between an SLMed valve body and a traditional spool were studied using a scaled reciprocating test rig under various contaminated conditions (frequency at 5 Hz and 25 Hz; particle concentration at 0.4 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml; particle size at 1.6 µm and 15 µm). Three types of SLMed samples were fabricated using different exposure times: one has many large surface pores (pores area &gt; 1000 µm2 accounts for 7.167% of the sample surface); one has a few small surface pores (pores area between 100 µm2 and 1000 µm2 accounts for 0.574% of the sample surface); and one only has micropores (pores area &lt; 300 µm2 accounts for 0.168% of the sample surface). The density, hardness, microstructures, and pore characterization of the SLMed samples were investigated. The results indicated that the frequency greatly influenced friction and lubrication behaviors by determining lubrication regimes. The influence of surface pores on the lubrication and friction depends on contact conditions: pores which served as particle containers to reduce friction are prominent under 5 Hz frequency and high particle concentration; extra lubrication by the surface pores is observed under 25 Hz frequency and low particle concentration.
A Dynamic Wear Model for Micro-Grooved Water-Lubricated Bearings Under Transient Mixed Lubrication Condition
Authors: Xiang Guo , Han Yanfeng , He Tao , Wang Jiaxu , Xiao Ke 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The study presents a dynamic wear model for micro-grooved water-lubricated bearings considering the transient mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (mixed-EHL) condition. In the established model, the modified Archard wear model and the mixed-EHL model are bridged to study the transient interdependent relationship between the sliding wear behavior and the mixed-EHL performance. In order to consider the effect of the transient mixed-EHL performance on the sliding wear, the Archard model is extended to include the time-varying wear coefficient based on the fatigue concept. To verify the presented model, the comparisons with the experimental results available in the literatures have been conducted. In this study, the evolution of the wear and mixed-EHL performance distribution over time is predicted, and the impact of the radial clearance, boundary friction coefficient, and surface parameters on the numerical predictions is evaluated. The simulation results reveal that the worn region moves toward the rotational direction slowly. The simulation results also reveal that the wear rate and the wear coefficient first decrease considerably, and then decrease gently, and the sliding wear geometry promotes the hydrodynamic effects and reduces the asperity contact during the operation. Furthermore, the parametric study demonstrates that dynamic wear and mixed-EHL performance is sensitive to the radial clearance, boundary friction coefficient, and surface parameters.
Reconstruction of the Force Applied to a Plate in the Time Domain From Sound Pressure Measurements
Authors: Bi Chuan-Xing , Hu Long , Zhang Yong-Bin , Zhang Xiao-Zheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a non-contact approach to reconstruct the distributed or concentrated force applied to a plate in the time domain. This approach is based on sound pressure measurements and is realized by coupling the techniques of real-time near-field acoustic holography (RT-NAH) and force reconstruction. A microphone array is used to measure the sound pressures in the near field of the plate. The measured sound pressures are taken as the inputs of the RT-NAH to reconstruct the vibration responses, including the normal acceleration, velocity, and displacement, on the surface of the plate. With the reconstructed vibration responses, the equation of motion governing the forced vibration can be further processed to reconstruct the force applied to the plate in the time domain. In the process of reconstructing the vibration responses, a displacement–pressure impulse response function is derived for the first time and is used in the RT-NAH. Results of numerical simulations as well as experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can identify the location of the force accurately and reconstruct the time history of the force effectively, thereby helping to diagnose the mechanical cause of the radiated noise.
Cantrell syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy: imagistic findings and literature review
Authors: Grigore Mihaela , Micu Romeo , Matasariu Roxana , Duma Odetta , Chicea Anca Lucia , Chicea Radu 
Published: January 2020

Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC) is a rare condition characterized by complete or partial expression of 5 types of congenital birth defects originating in (1) the lower sternum, (2) the anterior diaphragm, (3) the diaphragmatic pericardium, (4) the midline/ventral supraumbilical abdominal wall region, and (5) the heart. POC can be diagnosed antenatally by means of ultrasonography (US), the task being difficult if defects are minor. Advances in the field of US and the introduction of the first morphology trimester as state-of-the-art pregnancy monitoring, facilitate the early diagnosis of this condition. We performed a systematic review on 67 reported cases of POC diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy (published from January 1980 to July 2019). The aim of our systematic review was twofold: to assess the main US findings in the first trimester of pregnancy and to increase awareness of early diagnostic possibilities. Our study showed that POC can be diagnosed in the first trimesterof pregnancy based on key US findings such as the association between omphalocele and ectopia cordis. When these two anomalies are present, increased nuchal translucency can also be considered a marker of POC in the first trimester.
A Comparison of Heart Rate Training Load and Perceptual Effort Between Masters and Young Cyclists
Authors: Borges Nattai R. , Scanlan Aaron T. , Reaburn Peter R. , Doering Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Due to age-related changes in the psychobiological state of masters athletes, this brief report aimed to compare training load responses using heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during standardized training sessions between masters and young cyclists. Methods: Masters (n = 10; 55.6 [5.0] y) and young (n = 8; 25.9 [3.0] y) cyclists performed separate endurance and high-intensity interval training sessions. Endurance intensity was set at 95% of ventilatory threshold 2 for 1 hour. High-intensity interval training consisted of 6 × 30-second intervals at 175% peak power output with 4.5-minute rest between intervals. HR was monitored continuously and RPE collected at standardized time periods during each session. Banister training impulse and summated-HR-zones training loads were also calculated. Results: Despite a significantly lower mean HR in masters cyclists during endurance (P = .04; d = 1.06 [±0.8], moderate) and high-intensity interval training (P = .01; d = 1.34 [±0.8], large), no significant differences were noted (P > .05) when responses were determined relative to maximum HR or converted to training impulse and summated-HR-zone loads. Furthermore, no interaction or between-group differences were evident for RPE across either session (P > .05). Conclusions: HR and RPE values were comparable between masters and young cyclists when relative HR responses and HR training load models are used. This finding suggests HR and RPE methods used to monitor or prescribe training load can be used interchangeably between masters and young athletes irrespective of chronological age.
Increased Oxidative Stress in Injured and Ill Elite International Olympic Rowers
Authors: Lewis Nathan A. , Simpkin Andrew J. , Moseley Sarah , Turner Gareth , Homer Mark , Redgrave Ann , Pedlar Charles R. , Burden Richard 
Published: January 2020

Background: Identifying strategies that reduce the risk of illness and injury is an objective of sports science and medicine teams. No studies have examined the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and illness or injury in international athletes undergoing periods of intensified training and competition. Purpose: The authors aimed to identify relationships between illness, injury, and OS. Methods: A longitudinal, observational study of elite male rowers (n = 10) was conducted over 18 weeks, leading into World Championships. Following a recovery day and a 12-hour fast, hydroperoxides (free oxygen radicals test) and total antioxidant capacity (free oxygen radicals defense) were measured in venous blood, with the ratio calculated as the oxidative stress index (OSI). At all study time points, athletes were independently dichotomized as ill or not ill, injured or not injured. OS data were compared between groups using independent t tests. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association of OS with injury and illness while adjusting for age and body mass index. Results: Free oxygen radicals defense was lower (P < .02) and OSI was higher (P < .001) with illness than without illness. Free oxygen radicals test and OSI were higher with injury than without injury (P < .001). A 0.5 mmol·L−1 increase in free oxygen radicals defense was associated with a 30.6% illness risk reduction (95% confidence interval, 7%–48%, P = .014), whereas 0.5 unit increase in OSI was related to a 11.3% increased illness risk (95% confidence interval, 1%–23%, P = .036). Conclusions: OS is increased in injured and ill athletes. Monitoring OS may be advantageous in assessing recovery from and in reducing injury and illness risk given the association.
A Simple Equation to Estimate Half-Marathon Race Time From the Cooper Test
Authors: Alvero-Cruz José R. , Standley Robert A. , Giráldez-García Manuel Avelino , Carnero Elvis A. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Half-marathon races have become increasingly more popular with many recreational athletes all around the world. New and recreational runners are likely to have the greatest need for training advice to set running paces during long-distance races. Purpose: To develop a simple equation to estimate half-marathon time from the Cooper test and verify its validity. Methods: One hundred ninety-eight recreational runners (177 men and 21 women, 40 [6.8] years and 33.7 [8] years, respectively) participated in this study. All runners completed the Cooper test 7 to 10 days prior to races. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to select the main predictors of half-marathon time. Results: Simple correlation analysis showed that Cooper test performance (distance) was a good construct to estimate half-marathon time (r = −.906; 95% confidence interval, −0.927 to −0.877; P < .0001). The authors also derived an equation with a high predictive validity (R2 = .82; standard error of estimation = 5.19 min) and low systematic bias (mean differences between the predicted value and the criterion of 0.48 [5.2] min). Finally, the concordance coefficient of correlation (.9038) and proportional bias analysis (Kendall τ = −.0799; 95% confidence interval, −0.184 to 0.00453; P = .09) confirmed a good concurrent validity. Conclusion: In this study, the authors derived an equation from the Cooper test data with a high predictive and concurrent validity and low bias.
Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous granitoids in the eastern Tengchong terrane, SW China: Constraint on the evolution of Meso-Tethys
Authors: He Xiaohu , Liu Zheng , Wang Guochang , Leonard Nicole , Tao Wang , Tan Shucheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As a result of the evolution of Meso-Tethys, Early Cretaceous granitoids are widespread in the eastern Tengchong terrane, SW China, which is considered as the southern extension of the Tibetan Plateau. These igneous rocks are therefore very important for understanding the tectonic setting of Meso-Tethys and the formation of the Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we present new zircon U-Pb dating, whole-rock elemental, and Nd isotopic data of granitoids obtained from the eastern Tengchong terrane. Our results show that these granitoids are composed of monzogranites and granodiorites and formed at ca. 124 Ma in the Early Cretaceous. Mineralogically and geochemically, these granitoids display metaluminous nature and affinity to I-type granites, which are derived from preexisting intracrustal igneous source rocks. The predominantly negative whole-rock εNd(t) values (−10.86 to −8.64) for all samples indicate that they are derived mainly from the partial melting of the Mesoproterozoic metabasic rocks in the lower crust. Integrating previous studies with the data presented in this contribution, we propose that the Early Cretaceous granitic rocks (135–110 Ma) also belong to I-type granites with minor high fractionation. Furthermore, in discriminant diagrams for source, granitoids are mainly derived from the partial melting of metaigneous rocks with minor sediments in the lower crust. The new identification of the Myitkyina Meso-Tethys ophiolitic suite in eastern Myanmar and mafic enclaves indicate that these Cretaceous igneous rocks were the products of the tectonic evolution of the Myitkyina Tethys Ocean, which was related to post-collisional slab rollback. Moreover, the Tengchong terrane is probably the southern extension of the South Qiangtang terrane.