bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods in adults according to binge drinking and sex - Brazil 2016
Authors: Pita Ruiz AM , de Assumpção D , Stolses P M , Francisco Bergamo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Abusive alcohol intake is associated with noncommunicable diseases that exert a financial impact on public healthcare systems throughout the world. Alcohol affects the absorption of nutrients and plasma levels of fatty acids and exerts a negative impact on food consumption.

Objective
Determine the regular consumption (≥ 5 days/week) of healthy and unhealthy foods in adults (≥ 20 years) according to binge drinking and sex.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases of the 2016 Vigitel telephone survey conducted by the Brazilian Health Ministry. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Information from 32,195 women and 19,490 men was analyzed, with binge drinking reported in 11.95% and 27.85%, respectively. Lower regular consumption of fruit (OR: 0.80; 95%CI: 0.69-0.92) and milk (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.72-0.94) as well as greater consumption of red meat (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.10-1.46) were found among the men who reported binge drinking. Lower regular consumption of natural juice (OR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.67-0.93), fruit (OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.55-0.75) and milk (OR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.60-0.82) as well as greater consumption of red meat (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.14-1.59) and soft drinks/artificial juice (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.24-1.94) were found among the women who reported binge drinking. Regarding sex, women consumed more raw vegetables (OR: 1.50; 95%CI: 1.24-1.82), cooked vegetables (OR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.44-2.21), fruit (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.07-1.55) and sweets (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.05-1.72) as well as less red meat (OR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.59-0.86) than men who also engaged in binge drinking.

Conclusions
Binge drinking was associated with a lower frequency of the regular consumption of healthy foods, such as fruit, vegetables and milk, as well as a greater consumption of red meat, soft drinks and sweets.

Key messages
Alcohol exerts a negative impact on food consumption. Abusive alcohol intake is associated with noncommunicable diseases.
Every cockroach is beautilful to the eyes of his mother? Parent’s perception of child’s BMI
Authors: Salini C , Tarroni M , Messina D , Balestri C , Nante N , Messina G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Childhood obesity is becoming a social health problem in the western world and an important goal is to analyze and correct risk factors. Part of the problem could be determined by a different perception of the weight. We aim to determine the association between children's BMI and the parent's perception of their Health Status.

Methods
In October 2019 we conduced a cross sectional study in which a questionaire was administrated to the parents of primary and secondary schools children in South-East Tuscany, Italy. Eating habits, lifestyle and biometric data were collected from children and their parents. 4324 persons were included. We used Stata for descriptive and inferential analysis. Cohen's Kappa was used to find the correlation between variables.

Results
Analysis was carried out on 1421 complete questionnaires. We found that most of parents have a wrong perception of weight's children. 88.3% of parents who have obese children belive that his child is normal weight or only “a little overweight” and only 11.7% have a perception of their child's obesity. 67.6% of parents who have overweight children, belive that their child is normal weight. While among underweight children, 74.3% of parents belive that their child is normal weight. Cohen's kappa show poor agreement between real and perceived BMI (K = 0.26; p = 0.0001).

Conclusions
Our results show, among the overweight children, there is a misperception in the weight of the child by the parents, uniformly with the data present in the literature. Acquisition of healty behavior during childhood is extremely important for the state of health in adulthood and for avoiding the onset of associated diseases. Therefore, food education becomes a crucial objective for the future of our country: an essential goal is to create prevention programs addressed to children and parents to increase consciousness of the correct weight and the diseases that can result from bad nutrition.

Key messages
Many parents have a misperception of the weight of their children. It is crucial to educate parents to control their children's weight to avoid the onset of metabolic diseases. Increase consciousness in children and parents of the correct weight should become extremely important to avoid the onset of disease in adulthood.
Mediterranean diet adherence in pregnant women: results of a survey in North East of Italy
Authors: Grillone L , Castriotta L , Antinolfi F , Fasan J , Cortelazzo F , Madia A , Righini M , Savoia A , Brusaferro S , Parpinel M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In literature, few studies evaluated Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in pregnant women, so we decided to conduct a survey to analyze MD and healthy habits in pregnant women living in North East of Italy, in 2018.

Methods
In our monocentric observational study, we enrolled &gt;18 years pregnant women (2nd-3rd trimester) to evaluate MD adherence through “PREDIMED” validated questionnaire. Based on previous studies on MD score, women were classified into High-MD adherence (score &gt;8; range 0-14) and low-MD adherence group (score ≤ 8). Comparisons between groups were performed using a t-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, chi square test and regression models as appropriate. We also investigated BMI (body mass index) and healthy habits before and during pregnancy.

Results
We analyzed 113 questionnaires and MD score, ranging from 3 to 13, had a mean value of 8.04 (SD 1.95), with low MD adherence in 63% (71) of our sample. Women (mean age 32 years; min 22- max 43; SD 1.95) were mostly employed (95; 84%) and alcohol consumers before pregnancy 79 (70%), especially wine 53 (47%). 5 (4%) didn't quit smoking while pregnant. Comparing BMI data before and during pregnancy to international recommendations, we found inadequate weight gain for each BMI category (100% in underweight, 70.7% in normal weight, 35% in overweight, 50% in obese range). Age was associated with MD adherence (β 0.11; 95%CI 0.04-0.17). Employment was also positively associated with higher MD values (p 0.002). Wine assumption before pregnancy was statistically significant associated with high MD group (p 0.0334).

Conclusions
In our study we found MD adherence levels lower than expected and an inadequate weight gain during pregnancy. MD seems also to be age and employment-related. Wine consumption before pregnancy and its positive association with MD need to be further analyzed.

Key messages
Mediterranean Diet adherence among pregnant women studied is not high and weight gain is frequently inadequate. Age and employment status might influence MD adherence in pregnancy.
Monitoring and genotyping of Norovirus in edible shellfish in Northern Italian seas (2018-2020)
Authors: Galuppini E , Filipello V , Galuppini E , Righi F , Rubini S , Losio M N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Norovirus is an enteric virus with foodborne transmission. Bivalve shellfish are a main source of infections and outbreaks, which in the last years are showing an increasing trend. Therefore, in Italy a voluntary based monitoring plan to control the safety of bivalve shellfish was set up at provincial level. This study describes the occurrence and distribution of Norovirus in different areas of Northern Italy seas.

Methods
Between the years 2018-2020 622 samples (n = 173 oysters, n = 139 mussels, n = 300 clams, n = 10 other bivalve shellfish) were tested by OneStep RT Real Time PCR for Norovirus GI and GII and quantified according to the ISO 15216:2017. Positive samples were further analyzed to determine genotype by sequencing of the ORF1/ORF2 junction of the Norovirus genome.

Results
A total of 111 (18%) samples were positive for Norovirus (mussels 22%; oysters 18%; clams 16%, other molluscs 20%), positive samples were found mainly in the winter season. The mean contamination was 103 ge/µL and ranged 100-105 ge/µL. Thirty-two samples were typeable (GI n = 10; GII n = 22) with GI samples belonging to four genotypes and GII samples belonging to five genotypes. GII.4, particularly Sydney 2012 subtype (found in three oysters and three clams samples), was the most prevalent, followed by GII.3. Often more than one genotype was found in samples collected simultaneously in the same sampling site. The virus was found with relatively high occurrence both in samples collected close to the coast (38%) and in those harvested from farms located 3-6 nautical miles offshore (73%).

Conclusions
The overall prevalence of Norovirus in edible shellfish, particular those to be eaten raw, is moderately high (18%). No difference in contamination was highlighted among the different species or different sampling sites. One of the most prevalent variants found (i.e. GII.4 Sydney 2012) is a leading cause of infections worldwide.

Key messages
Given the moderately high proportion of positive samples (18%), oysters (which are often eaten raw), regardless of the origin, represent the main risk of infection. The presence of genotypes frequently involved in human infections strengthens the need for ongoing monitoring, which should be extended to all provinces involved in shellfish farming.
Eating habits of heavy industry workers
Authors: Zajac J , Helbin J , Potocki A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A balanced diet that can satisfy energy and nutrient requirements should be the main component of a healthy lifestyle, especially for physical workers.
We aimed to assess coke plant workers' nutritional habits on the basis of 24-hour dietary recalls. Workers were performing similar physical activities and were exposed to a similar environment, measured with 1-hydroxypyrene in urine samples. For each worker, 3 records were collected (2 random weekdays and 1 holiday). Dietary recalls were analyzed using the dietetic program (DietPro) and Statistica 13 software. 53 men, aged 20 - 60, employed at the coke plant were enrolled in the study between April and June 2018. An Average 1-hydroxypyrene concentration was 2.1µg/g creatinine (SD 4.33). Mean BMI was 26.1 and 36.3% of participants were overweight. The average caloric value of recalls was 2594 kcal. Proportions of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats were disturbed. The highest average intake was noted for fats 44% ± 5.7%, with a maximal value of 56%. The proportion of proteins on average reached 37%± 5.6% of total energy intake, the lowest intake was 25% and maximal 49%. Higher intake was noted for younger workers (&lt;40 years old, p &lt; 0,01). The younger population was eating significantly more animal proteins (p &lt; 0,01). The average intake of carbohydrates was 18% ± 2.8%. Vegetable intake ranged from 0g to 541g per day (median value 113g). Fruits were underrepresented in workers' diet with a median of 5g per day and maximal intake reaching 193g. The intake of B vitamins was significantly higher among younger workers. Nutrition habits of the analyzed group stand out many dietetic recommendations from proportions of macronutrients and food fiber to low mineral elements intake. Though there are plenty of different educational programs that promote a healthy lifestyle and healthy eating none of them are designed for working-age men, especially for physical workers.

Key messages
Type of diet described in the study is connected to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in combination with exposition to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. There is a need for organized education for heavy industry workers.
The effect of food insecurity on the prevalence of adult obesity in New Jersey counties
Authors: Sadhu R , Souza M , Borges C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Obesity and food insecurity are prevalent public health concerns that influence factors at both the individual and community levels. Given that obesity is linked to a number of health concerns including heart disease and diabetes, national efforts have been formed to reduce obesity rates among these populations. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of food-insecure households and associated risk factors on the prevalence of obesity among adults in New Jersey counties. The researchers hypothesized that counties with higher rates of food-secure households and associated risk factors would yield higher rates of obesity among the adult population. An ecological cross-sectional study was performed using secondary data from New Jersey Health Assessment and Census databases focused specifically on all 21 counties in New Jersey. The independent variables were selected from the social indicators available in the datasets consulted: food insecurity rate, physical activity rate, median household income, frequent mental health distress, routine health visit, and percent of adults self-reporting good, very good, or excellent health status. These independent variables were tested against adult obesity rates among New Jersey counties. It was revealed that rising obesity rates among adults were linked to increased rates of food insecurity, lower median household income, and lower perceived health status. Future research may investigate additional social determinants in relation to obesity rates in order to improve public health interventions within communities to increase health outcomes among adults.

Key messages
Obesity and food insecurity are prevalent public health concerns that influence factors at both the individual and community levels. Rising obesity rates among adults are linked to increased rates of food insecurity, lower median household income, and lower perceived health status.
Baby foods available in the Portuguese marketplace and the application of nutrient profile models
Authors: Santos M Coelho , Assunção R , Matias F , Castanheira I , Rito A , Loureiro I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
An investment in nutrition at the earliest possible stage, providing appropriate complementary feeding, is critical to ensure proper growth and to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Food and drinks high in fats, free sugars and salt are being marketed for consumption by young children and represent particular concern.

Aim
This study aims to determine the compliance of complementary foods (CACFs) for infants and young children sold in the Portuguese marketplace according to WHO draft Nutrient Profile model (NPM) for infants and young children between 6 and 36 months (1).

Methods
A sample of 128 CACFs was collected. Using nutritional food label information, products were divided into four food categories: dry, powdered and instant cereals; dry finger foods and snacks; meals with chunky pieces; and soft-wet spoonable, ready-to-eat foods. Packaging information was used to determine sodium, fat and sugar content per 100 g and percentage energy from total sugar by food category.

Results
Twenty-eight products (22%) comply with all the criteria established in the NPM. All the evaluated dry, powdered, and instant cereals, dry finger foods and snacks and meals with chunky pieces (n = 55) comply with recommendations proposed for total fat (≤4.5 g/100 kcal). Analysis of energy contribution from total sugars reveals 9 % (n = 5) of dry finger foods and snacks comply with the proposed criteria &lt; 15% total energy from total sugars. The 73 soft-wet spoonable, ready-to-eat foods assessed, 74 % (n = 54) comply with the sodium thresholds of 50 mg/100 kcal, 64 % (n = 47) had a content ≥ 60 Kcal/100 g and 74 % (n = 54) contained over 20% of energy derived from sugar.

Conclusions
CACFs available in the Portuguese marketplace are characterised by products with high proportion of calories derived from sugar, promoting an environment that encourages development of sweet-taste preferences and adverse health outcomes resultant from the overconsumption of sugar in early life.

Key messages
There is an urgent need for updated regulations to support and guide product reformulation. A nutrient profile model for CACFs will establishes compositional thresholds and provides guidance on product-labelling and promotions.
Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex in carrots
Authors: Ciarrocchi A , Cornacchia A , Marzio V D , Centorotola G , Marfoglia C , Saletti M A , Manzulli V , Galante D , Pomilio F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is an opportunistic pathogen now acknowledged as an urgent threat to human health because it is multi-drug resistant bacteria. The role of food as reservoir or carrier of Kp is under investigation, at the same time the optimization of the method to detect Kp in food is ongoing. The study was aimed to detect Kp in carrots using conventional method and to screen Real-time PCR performances, targeting intergenic sequence between zur and khe, based on INRA and Pasteur Institute method

Methods
A total of 60 samples of carrots were tested. The samples (25 g) were added to 225 ml of Buffered peptone water and incubated at 37 °C and at 44 °C for 24h. After incubation broths were subjected to Real-Time PCR, and one loop streaked on SCAI + inositol agar. Plates were then incubated at 37 °C and at 44 °C for 48 h. After incubation a maximum of 5 typical colonies were selected, subcultered on Nutritive agar and identified by MALDI-TOF MS.

Results
The RT PCR gave 29 positive samples, according to the presence of Kp detected at least in one of the two temperature conditions of broths incubation and 31 negative samples. Conventional culture gave, instead, 13 positive and 47 negative samples. Discordance was highlighted in 16 samples, all positives in RT-PCR and negatives with culture method.

Conclusions
Real-Time PCR gave not false negative results, then PCR decrease the time needed to perform the detection in negative samples. The discordance of results could be linked to lack of selectivity of the SCAI agar + inositol, not able to distinguish colonies of Klebsiella spp. Vs similar colonies not Klebsiella spp., the presence of DNA and not viable cells. The process of validation of the detection method is still ongoing, trying to improve selectivity using two selective media for plating. It's necessary to do new trials and to select more typical colonies to increase the probability to detect Kp colonies.

Key messages
Real-Time PCR is able to detect all positive samples, and to shorten the length of the analytical method. To improve sensibility of the analytical method more selective media need to be used.
Nutritional rate in social welfare homes - does it meet the nutritional needs of elderly residents?
Authors: Grajek M , Kobza J , Geremek M , Sobczyk K , Działach E , Szałabska D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The adequate nutrition for residents in social welfare homes is one of the basic tasks in terms of living needs. Numerous studies indicate that the amount allocated to nutrition service among institutionalized elderly is insufficient. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the amount of the daily rate and the quality of nutrition in social welfare homes. The research material consisted of 3000 menus from 30 social welfare homes located in Upper Silesia (Poland). The menus were evaluated using the Diet Quality Index (Kurskal-Wallis test; p = 0.05). In the quantitative assessment we took into consideration: the number of meals, the frequency of consumption of various product groups and the content of selected micro- and macro-nutrients. The research confirmed significant differences in daily rates among institutions; 14% of facilities have a daily rate of EUR 3.00 - 4.00 per person, 21% - EUR 2.00 - 2.99, 48% - EUR 1.00 - 1.99, 17% less than EUR 1.00. The establishments with a higher daily rate (EUR 3.00 - 4,00 - 35%) provide the residents with 5 meals. A similar situation applies to plant products - only 23% of institutions with the rate lower than EUR 2.00 provide fresh vegetables and fruits to residents, and in the case of the rates above EUR 2.00 it is 67%. Quantitative assessment of menus indicated that mean dietary intakes did not meet recommendations for calcium, vitamin D, fat and protein requirements. Fat intake was 1.5 times higher than recommended. This study showed significant relationship between the amount of the daily rate in social welfare homes facilities and the number of meals and the nutritional quality of foods.

Key messages
The adequate nutrition for residents in social welfare homes is one of the basic tasks in terms of living needs. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the amount of the daily rate and the quality of nutrition in social welfare homes.
Norovirus foodborne outbreak in an agritourism: causes, development and legal consequences
Authors: Masciarelli M , Di Giovanni P , Cedrone F , D’Addezio M , Di Martino G , Meo F , Ranalli E , Saraullo V , Scampoli P , Staniscia T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Norovirus is the main causative agent of viral acute gastroenteritis. It is easily transmitted and frequently causes foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. The Food Hygiene Service of ASL 2 Abruzzo received notification of gastrointestinal illness in 33 customers who attended a lunch at an agritourism on 28 July 2019.

Methods
The investigation started immediately. The event was reported to the Judicial Authority and food preparation was suspended. Stool specimens and rectal swabs were collected from 18 guests and 2 food handlers and tested. A questionnaire survey was given to the customers. During the inspection, the Food Hygiene Service sampled some food leftover and water from faucets. Furthermore, it found an incomplete HACCP manual.

Results
The 31 cases of gastrointestinal illness occurred within 12-72 hours and didn't need hospitalization. Among the affected subjects,18 were men (58.1%) with a median age of 51 years. All the biological samples collected from the subjects were positive for Norovirus GII, as revealed by Real Time-PCR. The two food handlers resulted positive for Norovirus GII, but they were asymptomatic. They were tested up to 3 weeks after the outbreak and their feces remained positive. Water and food samples resulted negative, except for raw ham's outer surface, that resulted positive for Norovirus GII. The contamination probably occurred during food preparation.

Discussion
This outbreak was related to food cross-contamination by infected food handlers, likely caused by a failure in application of both personal and food hygiene measures prescribed in HACCP plan. Food preparation restarted on 12 September 2019, but infected food handlers were dismissed until they were positive. The Judicial Authority will file a lawsuit against the food operator business that could lead to imprisonment or fines.

Key messages
Norovirus outbreaks are recognized as a public health concern causing a high number of cases and serious health consequences in children and the elderly. HACCP manual must be customized for each food business and integrally applied by food handlers in order to attain a higher standard of food safety for prevention of foodborne illness.