bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Dry Cask Storage Container CFD Model Experimental Validation and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Hall Kimbal , Zigh Abdelghani , Solis Jorge 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
CFD is a valuable tool for showing compliance with peak temperatures in dry cask storage systems (DCSS). When demonstrating compliance, it is valuable to quantify the uncertainty in the simulation result as a function of the computational mesh and simulation inputs. USNRC was a participant in a CFD validation test using the TN-32B cask, with extensive temperature measurements throughout the DCSS, including measurements on the cask surface and in fuel bundles.
This paper discusses validation and uncertainty quantification of a CFD model using experimental data. Uncertainty quantification follows the procedures outlined in ASME V&V20-2009 [1]. Sources of uncertainty that were examined in the analysis include iterative uncertainty, spacial discretization, and uncertainty due to approximately twenty input parameters. Input parameters investigated include environmental conditions, material properties, decay heat, and the spacing of the many small gaps in the installation. The uncertainty in gap size was found to be a particularly large source of uncertainty in this particular installation.
Results of a “base case” using the conservative estimates outlined in the updated final safety analysis report (UFSAR) [2] are presented, as well as a “best estimate case” that uses more realistic values. These results are compared to experimentally measured values, which fall within the uncertainty band of the analysis. This work is also the subject of an upcoming NUREG/CR.
Rigorous Code Verification: An Additional Tool to Use With the Method of Manufactured Solutions
Authors: Krueger Aaron M. , Mousseau Vincent A. , Hassan Yassin A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS) has proven to be useful for completing code verification studies. MMS allows the code developer to verify that the observed order-of-accuracy matches the theoretical order-of accuracy. Even though the solution to the partial differential equation is not intuitive, it provides an exact solution to a problem that most likely could not be solved analytically. The code developer can then use the exact solution as a debugging tool. While the order-of-accuracy test has been historically treated as the most rigorous of all code verification methods, it fails to indicate code “bugs” that are of the same order as the theoretical order-of-accuracy. The only way to test for these types of code bugs is to verify that the theoretical local truncation error for a particular grid matches the difference between the manufactured solution (MS) and the solution on that grid. The theoretical local truncation error can be computed by using the modified equation analysis (MEA) with the MS and its analytic derivatives, which we call modified equation analysis method of manufactured solutions (MEAMMS). In addition to describing the MEAMMS process, this study shows the results of completing a code verification study on a conservation of mass code. The code was able to compute the leading truncation error term as well as additional higher-order terms. When the code verification process was complete, not only did the observed order-of-accuracy match the theoretical order-of-accuracy for all numerical schemes implemented in the code, but it was also able to cancel the discretization error to within roundoff error for a 64-bit system.
The Strength of Fan Ties: Emotional Support in Sport Fan Egocentric Networks
Authors: Katz Matthew , Mansfield Aaron C. , Tyler B. David 
Published: November 2019

Sport management researchers have increasingly noted a relationship between sport spectatorship and well-being, with the line of inquiry predicated on transformative sport service research. In this study, the authors contribute to transformative sport service research by utilizing multilevel egocentric network analysis to examine the consumption networks of National Football League fans over the course of one season. The authors utilized a network theory approach to explore how emotional support is created and embedded within sport fans’ networks of interpersonal ties and social relationships. Through multilevel modeling, the authors highlighted how attributes of both the ego (i.e., focal actor) and alter (i.e., individual with whom ego shares a tie) affect emotional support. Previous studies of transformative sport service research and the link between well-being outcomes and sport spectatorship have implicitly examined only ego-level attributes (i.e., team identification), yet the present work suggests that emotional support depends on the interpersonal ties and network structures within which sport fans are embedded.
Multiproxy paleosol evidence for a rain shadow effect linked to Miocene uplift of the North Patagonian Andes
Authors: Bucher Joaquín , Varela Augusto , D’Elia Leandro , Bilmes Andrés , López Manuel , García Micaela , Franzese Juan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate changes related to orographic barrier uplift have been in the research spotlight over recent years. Several works have focused on the interactions between climatic and tectonic processes in order to understand the development of a rain shadow. Patagonia is an ideal region in which to analyze such interactions, since a Miocene climate change, from wetter to drier conditions, has mainly been associated with Andean uplift. In this work, we analyzed a succession of stacked paleosols recorded in a Miocene North Patagonian foreland basin in order to understand how the paleosol moisture regime related to the atmospheric humidity changes caused by the uplift of the Patagonian Andes. Based on macromorphological, micromorphological, and geochemical studies, and supported by a high-resolution chronostratigraphic scheme based on U-Pb geochronology and magnetostratigraphy, the paleosols were characterized with corresponding mean annual paleoprecipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature values. Alfisol-like paleosols were identified at the base of the foreland infill (15–14.6 Ma) with a MAP of 1229 ± 108 mm/yr. The Andisol-like paleosols recognized in the middle section of the sequence (14.6–12.75 Ma) exhibited a MAP of 1053 ± 108 mm/yr, whereas the Aridisol-like paleosols occurring in the upper section of the infill (12.75–11.5 Ma) presented a MAP of 677 ± 108 mm/yr. The determined Miocene mean annual temperatures (∼11 ± 2.1 °C) were similar to the present-day values (11 °C). Based on the complete tectonic record of the Patagonian Andes, the observed decrease in MAP was assigned to the rain shadow effect created by the uplift of the North Patagonian Andes. Results indicate that although the process started around 19 Ma, the rain shadow effect was not effectively recorded before ca. 14.6 Ma.
Effects of low-intensity and high-intensity cycling with diesel exhaust exposure on soluble P-selectin, E-selectin, I-CAM-1, VCAM-1 and complete blood count
Authors: Giles Luisa V , Tebbutt Scott J , Carlsten Christopher , Koehle Michael S 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundExposure to particulate matter 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) that contains transition metals may play a role in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) can increase adhesion molecules, which are important in the inflammatory response; however, it is unclear how exercising in DE affects adhesion molecules and how exercise intensity modulates this response.AimTo determine how DE exposure during exercise of varying intensities affects adhesion molecules and markers of systemic inflammation.MethodsEighteen males performed 30 min cycling bouts at low intensity and high intensity (30% and 60% of power at VO2peak(peak oxygen consumption) and a control condition (rest)). Each trial was performed once breathing filtered air (FA) and once breathing DE (300 μg/m3of PM2.5, six trials in total). Prior to, immediately post, 1 and 2 hours post exposure, blood was drawn to measure parameters of a complete blood count and soluble (s) platelet-Selectin, endothelin-Selectin, intracellular cell adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1. Data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.ResultsTwo hours following high-intensity exercise, sICAM-1 was significantly less in DE compared with FA (p=0.008). Immediately following rest (p=0.013) and high-intensity exercise (p=0.042) in DE, sICAM-1 was significantly greater than immediately following low-intensity exercise in DE. There were no significant differences in other markers between DE and FA.ConclusionsBased on this study, healthy individuals may not experience an acute increase in adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers from exercising in DE compared with FA, and higher exercise intensities do not appear to increase the likelihood that DE will affect adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers.
Leadership in physiotherapy: experiences of leaders of physiotherapy professional organisations
Authors: McGowan Emer , Stokes Emma 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe changing demands of healthcare and ongoing advances in practice and technology require corresponding change and development of the physiotherapy profession. Physiotherapy professional organisations perform many important functions in ensuring the ongoing growth and success of the profession. The leaders of these organisations therefore have key roles in progressing the physiotherapy profession in their country. To date, however, there has been very little written about these physiotherapy leaders and their work for the profession.PurposeTo explore the professional leadership journeys of international physiotherapy leaders and their experiences of leading physiotherapy professional organisations.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 16 physiotherapy leaders from a range of physiotherapy professional organisations from around the world. The interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were found in the analysis of the data: ‘Leadership roles, behaviours and challenges’, ‘Perceptions of the profession of physiotherapy’ and ‘Leadership development’.ConclusionsThe physiotherapy leaders describe interesting and varied roles that can also be challenging and demanding. They recognise the many challenges facing the physiotherapy profession internationally and the need for physiotherapists to more effectively advocate for the profession and demonstrate leadership. Leadership development opportunities and mentoring may be potential strategies to enable the development of future leaders of the physiotherapy profession.
Exploring fake solutions in the sterile neutrino sector at long-baseline experiments
Authors: Choubey Sandhya , Dutta Debajyoti , Pramanik Dipyaman 
Published: November 2019

AbstractActive-sterile neutrino mixing is known to affect the neutrino oscillation probabilities at both short as well as long-baselines. In particular, constraints on active-sterile neutrino oscillation parameters can be obtained from long-baseline experiments such as T2HK and DUNE. We present here existence of fake solution in the appearance channel for the 3 + 1 scenario at long-baseline experiments. We show that the appearance probability is same for values of $$\Delta m_{41}^2$$Δm412 for which the fast oscillations are averaged out and for $$\Delta m_{41}^2=(1/2)\Delta m_{31}^2$$Δm412=(1/2)Δm312. The fake solution does not appear for the disappearance channel.
Gauss–Bonnet black holes supporting massive scalar field configurations: the large-mass regime
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt has recently been demonstrated that black holes with spatially regular horizons can support external scalar fields (scalar hairy configurations) which are non-minimally coupled to the Gauss–Bonnet invariant of the curved spacetime. The composed black-hole-scalar-field system is characterized by a critical existence line $$\alpha =\alpha (\mu r_{\text {H}})$$α=α(μrH) which, for a given mass of the supported scalar field, marks the threshold for the onset of the spontaneous scalarization phenomenon [here $$\{\alpha ,\mu ,r_{\text {H}}\}$${α,μ,rH} are respectively the dimensionless non-minimal coupling parameter of the field theory, the proper mass of the scalar field, and the horizon radius of the central supporting black hole]. In the present paper we use analytical techniques in order to explore the physical and mathematical properties of the marginally-stable composed black-hole-linearized-scalar-field configurations in the eikonal regime $$\mu r_{\text {H}}\gg 1$$μrH≫1 of large field masses. In particular, we derive a remarkably compact analytical formula for the critical existence-line $$\alpha =\alpha (\mu r_{\text {H}})$$α=α(μrH) of the system which separates bare Schwarzschild black-hole spacetimes from composed hairy (scalarized) black-hole-field configurations.
Area-Efficient Capacitor-Splitting Switching Scheme with a Nearly Constant Common-Mode Voltage for SAR ADCs
Authors: Wang Hao , Xie Wenming , Chen Zhixin 
Published: November 2019

A novel area-efficient switching scheme is proposed for the successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The capacitor-splitting structure, charge-average switching technique, and [Formula: see text] (equal to [Formula: see text]/4) are combined together and optimized to realize the proposed switching scheme. [Formula: see text] is only used in the last two bit cycles, which affects the ADC accuracy little and reduces capacitor area by half. It achieves a 98% less switching energy and an 87.5% less capacitor area compared with the conventional switching method. In addition, the DAC output common-mode voltage is approximately constant. Thus, the proposed switching method is a good tradeoff among power consumption, capacitor area, DAC output common-mode voltage, and ADC accuracy. The proposed SAR ADC is simulated in 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 0.6[Formula: see text]V and at a sampling rate of 20[Formula: see text]kS/s. The signal-to-noise-distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) are 58.2 and 73.7[Formula: see text]dB, respectively. The effective number of bits (ENOB) is 9.4. It consumes 42[Formula: see text]nW, resulting in a figure-of-merit (FoM) of 3.11 fJ/conversion-step.
ПРАВОВІ ТА ЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Terzi O. O. , Liakhova N. O. , Pluzhnikova T. V. 
Published: November 2019

Мета: проаналізувати правові та етичні засади громадського здоров’я.
Матеріали і методи. Методи дослідження обрані з урахуванням поставленої мети дослідження. Для встановлення об’єктивності та обґрунтованості наукових положень, висновків, під час проведеного дослідження застосовували комплекс загальнонаукових та спеціальних наукових методів, зокрема таких, як: формально-юридичний метод використовували для проведення аналізу правових та етичних засад громадського здоров’я; за допомогою порівняльно-правового методу з’ясовано підходи національного законодавства та міжнародних стандартів до етичного компонента громадського здоров’я, зокрема етична складова у правовому регулюванні діяльності лікарів, фармацевтичних фахівців, захисті пацієнтів, проведенні медичних досліджень та клінічних випробувань; метод прогнозування і моделювання використовували для розроблення практичних рекомендацій щодо значення аналізу правових та етичних засад громадського здоров’я у процесі реформування системи охорони здоров’я України та імплементації Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та Європейським Союзом; метод системного аналізу дозволив дослідити правові та етичні засади громадського здоров’я як компонент системи охорони здоров’я України; історико-правовий метод дозволив виявити особливості еволюції правових та етичних засад громадського здоров’я.
Результати. Ефективність правового регулювання громадського здоров’я безпосередньо залежить від відповідності даних норм права засадам моралі та етики. Правовим та етичним зобов’язанням лікаря є абсолютна повага до життя людини, зберігання і відновлення фізичного і психічного здоров’я людей. Етичні та правові норми у сфері громадського здоров’я відображені і в рекомендаційних документах, присвячених захисту прав пацієнтів.
Висновки. Положення національного законодавства та міжнародних стандартів у сфері громадського здоров’я поєднують правові та етичні засади при регулюванні діяльності лікарів, фармацевтичних фахівців, захисті пацієнтів, проведенні медичних досліджень та клінічних випробувань. Ефективність та найвищий рівень необхідного забезпечення громадського здоров’я нерозривно пов’язані у реформуванні системи охорони здоров’я України відповідно до міжнародних стандартів, які поєднують етичну складову.
Re-evaluating the Collateral Challenge in the Era of Statutory Interpretation
Authors: O’Donnell Jules 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA collateral challenge impugns the validity of an administrative decision in a proceeding that is not specifically designed for the modification or setting aside of that decision. On the current state of the law, there is a presumption in favour of collateral challenge in an inferior court, which can be displaced by a contrary legislative intention. I argue, however, that the current presumption lacks a clear doctrinal basis, and that it places too much emphasis on statutory interpretation as a useful tool for rebutting, or indeed vindicating, the starting presumption (let alone determining what administrative law ‘grounds’ a collateral challenge might encompass). I suggest a rearticulation of the presumption as an expression of a defendant’s entitlement to vindicate legal rights. I point out, however, that contemporary norms of administrative law may otherwise demand a stricter approach to permitting collateral challenges. On this alternative view, a challenger must identify clear legislative authorisation for what is essentially a judicial review function.
Intergenerational Coresidence and Depressive Symptoms of Rural and Urban Older Adults in China
Authors: Liu Jinyu , Li Lydia , Zhang Zhenmei , Xu Hongwei 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to examine whether gender and marital status of coresiding adult children are associated with depressive symptoms of Chinese older adults. Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, linear regression analysis was conducted to identify longitudinal associations of intergenerational coresidence with depressive symptoms in rural and urban older Chinese. Results: Both rural and urban older adults living with unmarried sons had significantly higher depressive symptoms at four-year follow-up than those who did not live with children. Living with married sons was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at four-year follow-up among rural elders only. Discussion: This study sheds light on the heterogeneity in the relationship between intergenerational coresidence and Chinese older adults’ psychological well-being by the gender and marital status of coresiding children. Further research is needed to understand the complex and dynamic household structures and health outcomes in later life.
The Effect of Oral Contraceptive Hormones on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strength
Authors: Konopka Jaclyn A. , Hsue Lauren , Chang Wenteh , Thio Timothy , Dragoo Jason L. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Women are 2 to 9 times more likely to experience an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than men. Various hormones including relaxin, progesterone, and estrogen influence ACL strength. Oral contraceptives (OCs) alter these hormone levels; however, studies have yet to comprehensively compare different OCs’ effects on the ACL. Hypothesis: OCs with increased progestin-to-estrogen ratios will (1) increase ACL collagen expression, (2) decrease ACL matrix metalloproteinase expression, and (3) increase ACL strength. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Untreated female rats were compared with rats treated with 1 of 5 clinically used OCs: norethindrone (NE) only, NE plus ethinylestradiol (EE), etynodiol diacetate (ED) plus EE, norgestimate (NG) plus EE, and drospirenone (DS) plus EE. Doses were scaled from human doses to account for differences in bioavailability and body weight, and OCs were administered daily via oral gavage for 4 rat estrous cycles (20 days). A total of 36 rats were then sacrificed (6 rats/group). ACLs underwent biomechanical testing to assess ACL strength, stiffness, and maximum load before failure. ACL specimens were also isolated for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis to assess collagen, matrix metalloproteinase, and relaxin receptor–1 expression. Results: While the primary structural property of interest (ACL maximum load before failure) was not significantly improved by OC treatment, the main material property of interest (ACL strength) in rats treated with NE only, DS + EE, ED + EE, and NE + EE was significantly increased compared with untreated controls ( P = .001, P = .004, P = .004, and P = .04, respectively). The order from strongest to weakest ACLs, which was also the same order as the highest to lowest progestin-to-estrogen ratios, was groups treated with NE only, DS + EE, ED + EE, NE + EE, and lastly NG + EE. Higher ratio formulations also increased the expression of type I collagen ( P = .02) and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase–1 ( P = .04). Conclusion: OC formulations with higher progestin-to-estrogen ratios may be more protective for the ACL than formulations with lower ratios. Clinical Relevance: OC formulations with high progestin-to-estrogen ratios may benefit female athletes by reducing their ACL injury risk by decreasing the effects of relaxin on the ACL.
Does Family Caregiver Burden Differ Between Elderly and Younger Caregivers in Supporting Dying Patients With Cancer? An Italian Study
Authors: Spatuzzi Roberta , Giulietti Maria Velia , Ricciuti Marcello , Merico Fabiana , Romito Francesca , Reggiardo Giorgio , Birgolotti Loredana , Fabbietti Paolo , Raucci Letizia , Rosati Gerardo , Bilancia Domenico , Vespa Anna 
Published: November 2019

Context: The aging of the world’s population increasingly calls on older people to care for their cancer relatives. This scenario confronts clinicians involved with end-of-life care with an imposing challenge: elderly family caregivers could have a different perception of the burdens associated with assistance compared to their younger counterparts. Palliativists need to know what limits and resources of these new age categories of caregivers could be for a global management of dying patients with cancer and their family. Objectives: To evaluate the caregiver burden in family caregivers supporting dying patients with cancer in order to compare the differences between 2 different caregivers age groups (younger vs elderly population). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 174 family caregivers of hospice patients were interviewed through the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). The sample group was divided into 2 subgroups aged <65 (younger group) and ≥65 years old (elderly group). Results: Compared with younger caregivers, the elderly group reported significantly higher scores in the CBI–developmental subscale ( P = .009) confirmed by the generalized linear model (multivariate) evaluation that included possible predictors in the model. No further differences were found between the 2 age groups in the other CBI scores (time-dependent, physical, social, emotional, and overall score). Conclusion: Elderly caregivers are at high risk for experiencing developmental burden. This finding could prompt mental health professionals to pay greater attention to the value that assistance to the family member can have on their personal story and on that of the family or couple.