bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Death Algorithm and Other Digital Dilemmas
Authors: Simanowski Roberto 
Published: August 2020

Provocative takes on cyberbullshit, smartphone zombies, instant gratification, the traffic school of the information highway, and other philosophical concerns of the Internet age.
In The Death Algorithm and Other Digital Dilemmas, Roberto Simanowski wonders if we are on the brink of a society that views social, political, and ethical challenges as technological problems that can be fixed with the right algorithm, the best data, or the fastest computer. For example, the “death algorithm ” is programmed into a driverless car to decide, in an emergency, whether to plow into a group of pedestrians, a mother and child, or a brick wall. Can such life-and-death decisions no longer be left to the individual human?
In these incisive essays, Simanowski asks us to consider what it means to be living in a time when the president of the United States declares the mainstream media to be an enemy of the people—while Facebook transforms the people into the enemy of mainstream media. Simanowski describes smartphone zombies (or “smombies”) who remove themselves from the physical world to the parallel universe of social media networks; calls on Adorno to help parse Trump's tweeting; considers transmedia cannibalism, as written text is transformed into a postliterate object; compares the economic and social effects of the sharing economy to a sixteen-wheeler running over a plastic bottle on the road; and explains why philosophy mat become the most important element in the automotive and technology industries.
As Time Goes By
Authors: Hornstein Norbert 
Published: August 2020

How do humans acquire, at a very early age and from fragmentary and haphazard data, the complex patterns of their native language? This is the logical problem of language acquisition, and it is the question that directs the search for an innate universal grammar. As Time Goes By extends the search by proposing a theory of natural-language tense that will be responsive to the problem of language acquisition.
The clearly written discussion proceeds step-by-step from simple observations and principles to far-reaching conclusions involving complex data carefully selected and persuasively presented. Throughout, Hornstein focuses on the logical problem of language acquisition, highlighting the importance of explanatory adequacy and the role of syntactic representations in determining intricate properties of semantic interpretation.
Bradford Books imprint
Enhancement of Genetic Variability for Yield and Component Traits through Recombination followed by Induced Mutagenesis in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Majhi Prasanta Kumar , Mogali Suma C. , Abhisheka L. S. 
Published: August 2020

Aim: Greengram is a self-pollinated crop which show very less variability to develop improved varieties through only hybridization or induced mutation breeding. Therefore, we have taken a new pace to create more variability by combining both recombinations with induced mutation through gamma rays irradiation. For this purpose, the F2 seeds were irradiated with gamma rays at BARC, Mumbai and sown to grow the F2M1 generation and subsequently the superior mutant lines with high degree variability with high GCV and genetic advances were selected from F2M2 generation of the mutant population.
Methodology: The present investigation was carried out during kharif-2017 and rabi-summer 2017-18 at the experimental plot, All India Coordinated Research Projects (AICRP) on MULLaRP, main Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The experiment was laid out in an augmented design.
Results: The mutant progenies obtained from the crosses DGGV-2 × IPM-410-3 and DGGV-2 × SML-1815 in F2M2 generation have shown high PCV and GCV for the characters like plant height, number of clusters per plant and number of seeds per pod etc. when irradiated with 100 kR gamma rays. The mutant breeding lines derived from the crosses DGGV-7 × V-02-709 and DGGV-7 × V-02-802 with irradiation dose of 20 kR, have shown higher number of pods per cluster and higher number of pods per plant with high heritability. More variability was observed with higher dose (100 kR) of mutation even though it showed higher mortality rate.
Conclusion: Irradiation of F2 progeny (DGGV-2 × SML-1815) with 100 kR has generated more genetic variability for seed yield per plant (10.8 g), when compared to the check DGGV-2 (4.7 g) and SML-1815 (9.8 g). So, priority should be given to those characters which are having high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean to get better selection gains. The breeding lines which showed higher degree of variability can be utilized in the future breeding programme for development of high yielding genotypes.
Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis by FibroScan in β-Thalassemia Children Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Before and After Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Therapy
Authors: Yosef Aya Lotfy , Soliman Hanan Hamed , Shiha Gamal El-Sayed , Awad Mohiee El-Deen AbdEl-Aziz , El-Hawary Eslam El-Sayed 
Published: August 2020

Background: Thalassemic children develop liver fibrosis because of liver iron overload and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Transient elastography (FibroScan) can be a reliable non-invasive method for evaluating liver fibrosis in thalassemic patients. Treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LED/SOF) direct acting antiviral agents can significantly affect liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by FibroScan.
Aims: To assess liver fibrosis by non-invasive FibroScan through LSM before and after generic LED/SOF therapy in multi-transfused β-thalassemic children infected with HCV.
Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Hematology Unit, Tanta University Hospital, from November 2017 to May 2019.
Methodology: Fifty multi-transfused β-thalassemic treatment-naϊve children (aged 12-18 years and weighing ≥35kg) with chronic HCV infection were subjected to clinical evaluation, quantitative HCV PCR assay, FibroScan examination, and calculation of APRI, FIB4 index and AST/ ALT ratio. In addition to standard therapy, generic LED/SOF (90/400 mg) treatment was given for 12 weeks’ duration with follow up for further 12 weeks after end of treatment.
Results: A positive HCV PCR was changed into negative for all studied patients starting from week 4 after treatment. There was highly significant reduction in the LSM values by FibroScan in the studied patients after therapy (p-value <0.001) with median reduction of 19.4 %. The significant reduction in LSM values was particularly prominent in patients with significant (F2) and advanced (F3) liver fibrosis stages as well as cirrhotic patients (F4). There was significant reduction in the values of other non-invasive liver fibrosis markers FIB-4 index, APRI score and AST/ ALT ratio (p-value <0.001, <0.001 and 0.020 respectively) after therapy.
Conclusion: Generic LED/SOF therapy for 12 weeks’ duration resulted in eradication of HCV infection that was associated with significant decrease in LSM by FibroScan particularly those with higher baseline liver fibrosis stages.
Global Disease Outbreaks and Effects on Maternal, Newborn & Child Health in Global South, a Systematic Review
Authors: Orjingene O. , Akondeng N. L. , Kone-Coulibaly A. , Ogojah T. , Ganama M. 
Published: August 2020

Background/Aim: The world has witnessed several disease outbreaks both in the past and in recent times. Apart from loss of lives as a result of such outbreaks, there are also disruptions in health care provision and utilization due to certain measures aimed at curtailing the spread of such outbreaks. This study aimed to seek evidence from existing literature on the effects of disease outbreaks on maternal, newborn and child health care in Global South.
Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used and 14 literatures met the inclusion criteria.
Results: HIV/AIDS pandemic affected the Maternal Newborn and Child Health since increased cases of anaemia, hospital admissions, still births in HIV positive pregnant and cases of foetal anaemia reported in infants born from HIV positive pregnant women were reported. No COVID-19 pandemic related-effects on MNCH observed since no maternal deaths and transmission from infected pregnant women to their newborns reported. Indirect effects of pandemics on MNHC include reduced service delivery and demand/utilization as well as inaccessibility due to diverse reasons.
Discussion: The Government should put in place palliative measures for low-income citizens; engage and sensitize women, pregnant women and their children on available health care services and mitigation measures in place to access with minimal or no risk of being infected in a secure environment.
Assessment of Pathological Features and Molecular Profiling of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-thoubaity Fatma Khinaifis 
Published: August 2020

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a hostile sub-type consisting of nearly 10-20 % of breast cancer patients. TNBC has been known to have a poor prognosis and overall survival (OS) compared to many other breast cancer tumors categories. These tumors are highly aggressive and have a higher risk of early recurrence. Nevertheless, no evidence exists to date and this is also the situation in Saudi Arabia. Recently, it was found to be a heterogeneous disease.
Objective: To subtype breast cancer (BC) following the recent advance molecular classification, and to ascertain the correlation of those sub-types with pathological parameters and to study triple-negative breast cancer and its correlation with other subtypes and its association with recurrence and poor prognosis.
Methods: The study was performed on 740 breast cancer patients at the Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia diagnosed between 2005 to 2018. The parameters like Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor immunostaining were analyzed semi-quantitatively to establish the HER-2, triple-negative, molecular subtypes of luminal A and B in paraffin-embedded sections of BC. We review the histopathology report, tumor invasion, grade, margin, type of surgery, recurrence, metastases, and survival rate.
Results: The most common sub-types were luminal B (19.7%), followed by triple-negative breast cancer (10.9%) and HER2-positive (9.5%), whereas luminal A was the least common subtype (8.1 %). In luminal A majority of their age less than or equal to 50 years, most of these subtypes have tumor invasion, 59.2% of triple-negative breast cancer had positive axillary lymph node involvement. 63.4 % of triple-negative breast cancer had grade 3 tumors most of the recurrence in luminal B.
Conclusion: The biological behaviors of each molecular subtype is likely to be with characteristic pathological features. In addition to molecular sub-typing and further prognostic indicators, might be useful in investigating the prognosis and management of BC patients. The early diagnosis and screening of BC are recommended in our population.
Awareness on Botox Injection among Dental College Students in Chennai
Authors: Uthayasankar Danisca , Priya V. Vishnu , Gayathri R. 
Published: August 2020

Ever Changing perception of beauty from childhood to old age is changing with the revolution in cosmeceuticals science. Aesthetics are an individual’s perception since time immemorial. Standards of beauty have changed through the centuries with increased awareness about aesthetics. The youthfulness despite advancing age includes smooth, charming skin without skin folds, volume loss, and skin laxity, all these are possible only due to these cosmetic procedures mainly due to Botox treatment. The aim of the study is to assess the awareness of Botox injection among college students. The survey questionnaire consisted of 20 questions and was circulated among the college students. The sample size of the study was 100 and the results were tabulated accordingly. The results show that around 65.7% of the college students are unaware that Botox injection should be used only after the age of 25 whereas the remaining 34.3% of the college students are aware of this fact. Around 45.4% of the college students are unaware of the risks associated with cosmetic procedures whereas the remaining 38% of the population are aware of the problem associated with cosmetic procedures and the remaining 18% of the population comes under other categories. Around 54.8% of the population is aware that using Botox may cause side effects like infection, inflammation, and swelling and the rest of the population that is 45.2% are unaware of these effects. From this study, it is very much evident that college students are not much aware of the age limits and the risks associated with the usage of Botox treatment.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Capparis decidua
Authors: Lakshme P. S. Thana , S Preetha , Jeevitha M. , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Among the nanoparticles, selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) are one of the most extensively studied as Selenium has zero oxidation state, non toxic and biologically inert material. This is the reason why Selenium is considered as a major nanoparticulate. In this study SeNPs were extracted from the fruit of Capparis decidua which is a xerophytic small herb.
Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and antioxidant capacity of selenium nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: In this study SeNPs were extracted from the fruit of Capparis decidua which is a xerophytic small herb. The cytotoxic effect of SeNPs was evaluated using Brine Shrimp assay and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH assay considering ascorbic acid as the standard.
Results: From the study of this assay the shrimps introduced into the well were almost alive in different concentrations and this indicates that there is no cytotoxicity in selenium nanoparticles. The percentage inhibition of Selenium nanoparticles in 10 µl was 15.4 0.1, 20 µl was 38.36 0.15, 30 µl was 45.3 0.1, 40 µl was 59.6 0.15 and 50 µl was 65.6 0.1. It can be inferred that percentage inhibition increases with increase in concentration but it was less when compared to the percentage inhibition of the standard.
Conclusion: The selenium nanoparticles extracted from Capparis decidua do not have any cytotoxic effect on shrimps. The SeNPs possessed significant antioxidant activity in increasing concentrations compared to the standard used. Thus SeNPs are biologically useful and can be used as eco-friendly, cost effective and efficient biomedical agents and therapeutics.
Contribution of InvA Gene PCR to Recovery of Salmonella spp. Strains
Authors: Souleymane Bakayoko , Bernadette Goualie Gblossi , Amandze Kofi Kobina Adams , Julien Coulibaly Kalpy , Rene Yao Kouame , Solange N’Gazoa , Hortense Kette Faye , Mireille Dosso 
Published: August 2020

Aims: Salmonella infection remains a major public health concern worldwide, contributing the economic burden of both industrialized and developing countries through the costs associated with surveillance, prevention, and treatment of disease. This zoonosis has a harmful health and economic impact in terms of death, hospitalization, and destruction of livestock on farms. To adapts the means of control and prevention against this threat, the phenotypical characterization of Salmonella strains, both those recently identified and those which have been conserved for a long time, is necessary. So, the aim of this study was to check quality of the salmonella strains first stored in storage tubes in NRC of salmonella of Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was done in Institute Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire between July 2019 and October 2019.
Methodology: A total of 56 tubes used to store salmonella strains with few or no agar were analyzed to assess presence of Salmonella. The strains were first cultured in broth and then on selective agar (Hecktoen) medium and nutrient agar. Then, the Salmonella-specific InvA gene was directly detected in the tubes.
Results: The results obtained showed that the quality of the Salmonella strains initially conserved for at least 10 years had clearly deteriorated because none of them had been cultured after enrichment and culture on agar media. However, 73.21% of tubes not containing storage agar have traces of Salmonella DNA followed by molecular identification.
The preponderant contaminating bacterial flora was represented by Gram positive.
Conclusion: These results should encourage all laboratories to proceed immediately with the quality control of their strain collections for excellent biobanking.
Observer‐based finite time adaptive fault tolerant control for nonaffine nonlinear systems with actuator faults and disturbances
Authors: Wu Yang , Zhang Guoshan , Wu Libing , Hu Wei 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper studies the problem of observer‐based finite time adaptive fault tolerant control for nonaffine nonlinear systems with actuator faults and disturbances. Based on mean value theorem and convex combination method, a adaptive neural observer with virtual control coefficients is designed to estimate the systems states. Then, by using funnel Lyapunov function and backstepping method, a finite time control scheme is designed in the presence of disturbances and actuator faults. The stability analysis proves that tracking errors can converge to the prescribed performance bound in a finite time and all signals are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results verify efficiency of the studied approach.
In Situ Forming, Silanized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Fine Control Over Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Degradation for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Flegeau Killian , Toquet Claire , Rethore Gildas , d'Arros Cyril , Messager Léa , Halgand Boris , Dupont Davy , Autrusseau Florent , Lesoeur Julie , Veziers Joëlle , Bordat Pascal , Bresin Anthony , Guicheux Jérôme , Delplace Vianney , Gautier Hélène , Weiss Pierre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn situ forming hydrogels that can be injected into tissues in a minimally‐invasive fashion are appealing as delivery vehicles for tissue engineering applications. Ideally, these hydrogels should have mechanical properties matching those of the host tissue, and a rate of degradation adapted for neo‐tissue formation. Here, the development of in situ forming hyaluronic acid hydrogels based on the pH‐triggered condensation of silicon alkoxide precursors into siloxanes is reported. Upon solubilization and pH adjustment, the low‐viscosity precursor solutions are easily injectable through fine‐gauge needles prior to in situ gelation. Tunable mechanical properties (stiffness from 1 to 40 kPa) and associated tunable degradability (from 4 days to more than 3 weeks in vivo) are obtained by varying the degree of silanization (from 4.3% to 57.7%) and molecular weight (120 and 267 kDa) of the hyaluronic acid component. Following cell encapsulation, high cell viability (> 80%) is obtained for at least 7 days. Finally, the in vivo biocompatibility of silanized hyaluronic acid gels is verified in a subcutaneous mouse model and a relationship between the inflammatory response and the crosslink density is observed. Silanized hyaluronic acid hydrogels constitute a tunable hydrogel platform for material‐assisted cell therapies and tissue engineering applications.
Solution‐Processable Pure Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Based on the Multiple Resonance Effect
Authors: Ikeda Naoya , Oda Susumu , Matsumoto Ryuji , Yoshioka Mayu , Fukushima Daisuke , Yoshiura Kazuki , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Hatakeyama Takuji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials based on the multiple resonance (MR) effect are applied in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), combining high color purity and efficiency. However, they are not fabricated via solution‐processing, which is an economical approach toward the mass production of OLED displays. Here, a solution‐processable MR‐TADF material (OAB‐ABP‐1), with an extended π‐skeleton and bulky substituents, is designed. OAB‐ABP‐1 is synthesized from commercially available starting materials via a four‐step process involving one‐shot double borylation. OAB‐ABP‐1 presents attractive photophysical properties, a narrow emission band, a high photoluminescence quantum yield, a small energy gap between S1 and T1, and low activation energy for reverse intersystem crossing. These properties are attributed to the alternating localization of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals induced by the boron, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. Furthermore, to facilitate charge recombination, two novel semiconducting polymers with similar ionization potentials to that of OAB‐ABP‐1 are synthesized for use as interlayer and emissive layer materials. A solution‐processed OLED device is fabricated using OAB‐ABP‐1 and the aforementioned polymers; it exhibits pure green electroluminescence with a small full‐width at half‐maximum and a high external quantum efficiency with minimum efficiency roll‐off.
Optomechanically Actuated Microcilia for Locally Reconfigurable Surfaces
Authors: Li Meng , Kim Taehoon , Guidetti Giulia , Wang Yu , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArtificial microcilia structures have shown potential to incorporate actuators in various applications such as microfluidic devices and biomimetic microrobots. Among the multiple possibilities to achieve cilia actuation, magnetic fields present an opportunity given their quick response and wireless operation, despite the difficulty in achieving localized actuation because of their continuous distribution. In this work, a high‐aspect‐ratio (>8), elastomeric, magnetically responsive microcilia array is presented that allows for wireless, localized actuation through the combined use of light and magnetic fields. The microcilia array can move in response to an external magnetic field and can be locally actuated by targeted illumination of specific areas. The periodic pattern of the microcilia also diffracts light with varying diffraction efficiency as a function of the applied magnetic field, showing potential for wirelessly controlled adaptive optical elements.
Electron‐Deficient Cu Sites on Cu3Ag1 Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to Alcohols
Authors: Lv Ximeng , Shang Longmei , Zhou Si , Li Si , Wang Yuhang , Wang Zhiqiang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Peng Chen , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCopper‐based catalysts electrochemically convert CO2 into multicarbon molecules. However, the selectivity toward alcohol products has remained relatively low, due to the lack of catalysts favoring the adsorption of key intermediates in the alcohol pathways. Herein, a Cu3Ag1 electrocatalyst is developed using galvanic replacement of an electrodeposited Cu matrix. The Cu3Ag1 electrocatalyst enables a 63% Faradaic efficiency for CO2‐to‐alcohol production and an alcohol partial current density of −25 mA cm−2 at −0.95 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, corresponding to a 126‐fold enhancement in selectivity and 25‐fold increase in activity compared to the bare electrodeposited Cu matrix. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the interphase electron transfer from Cu to Ag generates electron‐deficient Cu sites and favors the adsorption of CO2 reduction intermediates in the alcohol pathway, such as CH3CHO* and CH3CH2O*. Thus, for this electron‐deficient catalyst, the C2H5OH pathway is more preferable than the ethylene (C2H4) pathway, endowing the catalyst with an alcohol/ethylene ratio of 38:1. These findings suggest both experimental approaches and theoretical insights for exploring highly selective CO2‐to‐alcohol conversion.