bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of process parameters in supercritical CO2 extraction of rose essential oil: Evaluation of phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant profiles
Authors: He Aimin , Suharmiati Suharmiati , Putra Nicky Rahmana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study explores the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction parameters (pressure, temperature, and flow rate) to maximize the yield and bioactive content in rose essential oil. Experiments covered a pressure range of 20–30 MPa, temperatures of 40–60°C, and flow rates from 2 to 6 mL/min, aiming to elucidate the effects of these variables on extraction outcomes. Findings indicate that a pressure of 20 MPa, temperature range of 40–50°C, and flow rate of 2–4 mL/min achieved optimal extraction, enhancing both yield and bioactive compound solubility. These specific conditions preserved high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, directly boosting the antioxidant potency of the oil. The non‐linear interaction of each parameter highlights the critical balance needed for efficient extraction. This optimized process not only improves the economic viability of rose essential oil production by maximizing bioactive yields but also supports applications in therapeutic and cosmetic fields due to the oil's enriched antioxidant profile.
A Yeast‐Based Assay for Inhibitors of l‐Lactate Transport Utilizing Fluorescent Biosensors
Authors: Tiedjens Finn , Menzel Maike , Stahnke Pauline , Grotewold Hanna , Uzun Cane , Yildirim Derya , Beitz Eric 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInhibitors of ʟ‐lactate transport are in development as a novel mode of action in antitumor therapy and malaria. Previously, we used radiolabeled ʟ‐lactate to assay transport via the human monocarboxylate transporter 1, MCT1, and the structurally unrelated malaria parasite's transporter, PfFNT. We encountered a sensitivity limit at IC50 around 100 nM possibly resulting from the required high cell number per sample. Here, we describe a sensitive background‐free high‐throughput assay in yeast based on fluorescent iLACCO biosensors. We used iLACCO for co‐expression and fusions with the transporter protein. Uptake of ʟ‐lactate produced strong intensiometric fluorescent responses that could be monitored in cell suspensions using a fluorometer and in individual cells by fluorescence microscopy. The signal decreased dose‐dependently in the presence of specific MCT1 and PfFNT inhibitors. Re‐evaluation of 36 PfFNT inhibitors yielded IC50 values below 100 nM now matching previous data on Ki compound affinity to isolated transporter protein.
Establishing Immortalized Brown and White Preadipocyte Cell Lines from Young and Aged Mice
Authors: Wu Xiangdong , Elsaid Salaheldeen , Levet Florian , Li Winson , Tee Sui Seng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStudying adipogenesis and adipocyte biology requires the isolation of primary preadipocytes from adipose tissues. However, primary preadipocytes have a limited lifespan, can only undergo a finite number of divisions, and often lose their original biological characteristics before becoming senescent. The repeated isolation of fresh preadipocytes, particularly from young pups or aged animals, is costly and time consuming. Immortalization of these cells offers a solution by overcoming cellular senescence and maintaining proliferative capacity, allowing for long‐term studies without the continuous need to isolate new cells from animals. Immortalized cell lines thus provide a consistent and reproducible experimental model, significantly reducing variability across different animals. However, successfully establishing immortalized preadipocyte cell lines presents challenges, including selecting appropriate adipose tissue depots, isolating primary preadipocytes, and choosing an effective immortalization strategy. In this article, we present optimized protocols and share first‐hand experiences establishing immortalized brown and white preadipocyte cell lines from young and aging mice. These protocols offer a valuable resource for researchers studying adipogenesis and metabolism. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Support Protocol 1: Retrovirus productionBasic Protocol 1: Isolation and culture of primary brown and white preadipocytes from mouse interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) in the same regionBasic Protocol 2: Immortalization of mouse brown and white preadipocytesBasic Protocol 3: Selection of immortalized preadipocytesBasic Protocol 4: Selection of single‐cell clones of immortalized mouse preadipocytesBasic Protocol 5: Single‐cell sorting in a 96‐well plate using a flow cytometer for the selection of single‐cell clones of immortalized preadipocytesSupport Protocol 2: Cryopreservation of immortalized mouse preadipocytesSupport Protocol 3: Thawing and culture of cryopreserved immortalized mouse preadipocytesSupport Protocol 4: Subculture and expansion of immortalized mouse preadipocytesBasic Protocol 6: Differentiation of immortalized mouse brown and white preadipocytesSupport Protocol 5: Identification of differentiated white and brown adipocytes
Is Transformative Dialogue a Possible and Justifiable Intervention for Resolving Intractable Conflicts?
Authors: Bekkers Florian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe world is suffering from intractable conflicts. Societies and families are torn apart and individuals are threatened in their existence. In this article, three controverses are explored about how to deal with intractable conflicts. In taking a closer look, these intractable conflicts can be understood as “identity‐related.” It can be shown that this identity dimension of a conflict is not sufficiently addressed by argumentation and negotiation. Still, accepting that some differences in value and belief seem so fundamentally incompatible that we should give up striving for a solution need not be the conclusion. There are decades of positive reports of practical experience with various transformative methods on a microscale available that can be taken on to develop interventions to solve intractable conflicts on a societal level. Is it possible and justifiable to develop and institutionalize “transformation” as a third general approach next to argumentation and negotiation? Can interventions aiming at a transformation of self‐understanding and identity be introduced without manipulation and infringement of autonomy?
Fezolinetant: A Non‐hormonal NK3R Antagonist for the Treatment of Hot Flushes and Vasomotor Symptoms
Authors: Yadav Arpita , Verma Manoj K. , Sharma Arun K. , Chaudhary Anu , Bhartiya Sudha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMenopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS), such as hot flashes (also known as night sweats), are experienced by 70% of women. These symptoms may be debilitating and last for many years. For 10%–20% of women, these symptoms are almost unbearable. Several pharmacotherapeutic approaches have been evaluated, and more are continually being developed. Although hormone therapy (HT) is often considered the most effective treatment, it is frequently accompanied by significant adverse effects. Consequently, there is a concerted effort to explore non‐hormonal alternatives.ObjectivesThe present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key milestones and development trajectory of Fezolinetant from the preclinical stages to its FDA approval for the treatment of VMS.MethodFezolinetant's development trajectory was undertaken, employing a multifaceted information retrieval strategy. This approach leveraged scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, alongside authoritative resources including DrugBank and clinicaltrials.gov. Additionally, peer‐reviewed journals and the official website of Astellas Pharma were meticulously examined to find the relevant information. The present study delves into various stages of Fezolinetant's development, including its medicinal chemistry, synthesis, mechanism of action, and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies, as well as clinical data, and safety profiles.ResultOn May 12, 2023, the FDA approved Fezolinetant, a non‐hormonal, selective neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor antagonist, for treating mild to severe VMS marked on by menopause. It has been developed by Astellas Pharma under the brand name Veozah and is taken orally once a day, with or without meals, at a dose of 45 mg.ConclusionFezolinetant represents a promising non‐hormonal treatment option for women experiencing VMS. The key findings from the studies include the effectiveness of Fezolinetant in alleviating VMS symptoms and its favorable safety profile compared to hormonal therapy.
Plasticity in Hydraulic Architecture: Riparian Trees Respond to Increased Temperatures With Genotype‐Specific Adjustments to Leaf Traits
Authors: Garthwaite Iris J. , Lepp Catherine , Maldonado Zyled S. R. , Blasini Davis , Grady Kevin C. , Gehring Catherine A. , Hultine Kevin R. , Whitham Thomas G. , Allan Gerard J. , Best Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTClimate means and variability are shifting rapidly, leading to mismatches between climate and locally adapted plant traits. Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a plant to respond to environmental conditions within a lifetime, may provide a buffer for plants to persist under increasing temperature and water stress. We used two reciprocal common gardens across a steep temperature gradient to investigate plasticity in six populations of Fremont cottonwood, an important foundation tree species in arid riparian ecosystems. We investigated two components of leaf hydraulic architecture: Leaf venation and stomatal morphology, both of which regulate leaf water potential and photosynthesis. These traits will likely affect plant performance under climate stressors, but it is unclear whether they are controlled by genetic or environmental factors and whether they respond to the environment in parallel or independent directions. We found that: (1) Populations had divergent responses to a hotter growing environment, increasing or decreasing vein density. (2) Populations showed surprisingly independent responses of venation vs. stomatal traits. (3) As a result of these different responses, plasticity in hydraulic architecture traits was not predictable from historic climate conditions at population source locations and often varied substantially within populations. (4) Hydraulic architecture was clearly linked to growth, with higher vein and stomatal density predicting greater tree growth in the hottest growing environment. However, higher plasticity in these traits did not increase average growth across multiple environments. Thus, P. fremontii populations and genotypes vary in their capacity to adjust their leaf hydraulic architecture and support growth in contrasting environments, but this plasticity is not clearly predictable or beneficial. Identifying genotypes suitable for future conditions will depend on the relative importance of multiple traits and on both evolutionary and ecological responses to changing temperature and water availability.
Do parents agree about their infant's socioemotional adjustment?
Authors: Egmose Ida , Thode Krogh Marianne , Back Madsen Eva , Væver Mette Skovgaard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractParents serve as the primary informants about infant development, wherefore interparent agreement is essential for facilitating timely identification of children at risk. We studied interparent agreement about infant socioemotional adjustment among 323 mothers and fathers/co‐parents of 11‐month‐old infants living in Denmark using The Ages & Stages Questionnaires®: Social‐Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ®:SE‐2). Agreement was assessed through correlation, mean differences, and agreement on different risk levels. We also examined predictors of agreement including child gender, duration of paternity leave, parental educational level, and parenting stress. Finally, interaction effects between parents’ educational levels and parenting stress were also examined. Results showed moderate correlations and a small mean difference between parents’ total scores, with mothers reporting better infant socioemotional adjustment than fathers. There were also significant differences in terms of placing the child at different risk levels, emphasizing the practical implications of interparent disagreement for screening purposes. Interparent disagreement was predicted by an interaction effect between parents’ levels of parenting stress. Results showed that when fathers/co‐parents experience low levels of parenting stress, higher levels of parenting stress among mothers are associated with more disagreement. The study is limited as the sample primarily comprises parents of Danish origin with high educational levels.
A Femtosecond Fiber Laser‐Based Compact Label‐Free Multimodality Nonlinear Optical Microscopy and Its Ex Vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Chen Jia , Li QingZhu , Zhang ZhanQin , Bratchenko Ivan A. , Su Hui , Wang Shuang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNonlinear multimode imaging is a versatile tool to realize complex structural and compositional information of biological samples. In this study, we presented a novel integrated multimode nonlinear optical microscopy system by using an Er3 + −doped femtosecond fiber laser. The system could perform second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), and three‐photon fluorescence (3PEF) imaging modes simultaneously. Using this imaging system, we detected signals from plant cell walls, as well as starch particles in potatoes, chloroplasts in leaves, and onion cells wall‐to‐membrane linkers: Hechtian strands. Visualizations of skin structures such as stratum corneum, epidermal intercellular structures, hair follicles, and collagen were also achieved by a spatial resolution of 1.67 μm for 3PEF, 1.5 μm for THG, and 2.67 μm for SHG modalities, respectively. After spatial resolution improved by changing a high N.A objective, the system could be used for a variety of biological applications, including in vivo label‐free imaging of living animals and deep microscopic imaging.
Global Frictions: Foreign Aid, Donor–Recipient Relations and LGBT+ Rights in Tanzania
Authors: Brown Stephen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn 2018, a Tanzanian government official announced a crackdown on homosexuality. International actors rapidly expressed their disapproval and temporarily suspended some foreign aid, which elicited a negative response from the Tanzanian government and soured donor–recipient relations. The incident was short‐lived, however, and expressed mainly at the symbolic level and does not appear to have achieved any change in policies or practices either among the donors or in Tanzania. How should one interpret this sudden eruption of frictions and its lack of impact and what are its implications? I argue that international actors felt pressure to take quick, visible action, regardless of how ineffective those steps could be expected to be. Politicians from Tanzania's ruling party seized this occasion to ramp up anti‐LGBT+ and anti‐donor rhetoric, attempting to strengthen their standing domestically. Both sides used the opportunity to express their identity as either defenders or opponents of LGBT+ rights. This case shows how donor–recipient frictions can be primarily performative and reflect both sides' desire to please their own constituencies without implementing any lasting changes to aid flows or domestic policy in the recipient country.
Improvement of cereal‐ and legume‐derived protein quality with selenium and sulfur for plant food production
Authors: Abdalla Muna Ali , Sumon Munshi Mohammad , Mühling Karl Hermann 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSelenium (Se) is essential for human and animal health and nutritional status. As humans cannot produce Se, it must be obtained from the diet. Adequate Se supplementation improves innate immunity, increases antioxidant capacity and helps prevent various disorders. Sulfur (S) is an indispensable nutrient that affects plant growth, performance and yield. Cereals and legumes are global staple foods, and their proteins are considered sustainable plant‐based meat alternatives, which are increasingly popular. Owing to their physicochemical similarities, the crosstalk between Se and S influences cereal and grain‐legume derived proteins. Modifications induced by Se and S might improve the protein quality of harvested cereal and legume grains. This timely review not only identifies the knowledge gaps in this research area focusing on Se and S enrichment in cereals and legumes but also emphasizes the potential of this unexplored area for new applications. S enrichment resulted in better quality properties in the bread of wheat flour and stimulated the expression of S‐rich globulins and albumins in legumes. Se supplementation enhanced the emulsifying capacity of legumes (e.g. chickpeas). The improvement of protein fractions in cereal and legume grains has the potential to revolutionize protein processing to offer new alternatives to produce an array of S‐ and Se‐enriched cereal and legume products. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Rice with lower amylose content could have reduced starch digestibility due to crystallized resistant starch synthesized by linearized amylopectin
Authors: Sahoo Upasana , Biswal Monalisha , Nayak Lopamudra , Kumar Ravinder , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Lal Milan Kumar , Bagchi Torit Baran , Sah Rameswar Prasad , Singh Nihar Ranjan , Sharma Srigopal , Nayak Amaresh Kumar , Kumar Awadhesh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh resistant starch (RS) rice with a low glycemic index (GI) is digested more slowly, resulting in a slow increase in the postprandial blood glucose level. People with milled rice as a staple diet, and with sedentary lifestyles, are more prone to acquire type 2 diabetes in the long term. With an increasing population of diabetics worldwide, one possible solution is the development of rice‐based, low‐GI foods with high RS content rice. In addition to amylose content (AC), linear chains of amylopectin also affect the rate of starch digestibility.RESULTSThe values of GI (52.49–63.0), RS (0.64% to 2.28%), and AC (3.82% to 24.52%) were found to vary widely in 110 rice genotypes. Genotypes IG 23 and IG 40, with contrasting AC (15.65% and 24.52%, respectively), revealed that amylose alone did not affect digestion rate. Starch morphology, bioaccessibility, and pasting properties differed noticeably among genotypes. A starch debranching enzyme pullulanase assay indicated the role of the linear amylopectin chain in crystallized RS formation within the grains of lower AC genotype IG 23.CONCLUSIONEnhanced activity of the starch‐debranching enzyme pullulanase produced linearized amylopectin resulted into reduced starch digestibility in low‐amylose rice. This is probably the first report on the natural presence of high RS (crystallized) in rice with lower AC (IG 23). Development of rice‐based food with low GI and high RS could be a promising strategy for lowering the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantifying Social Connectedness in Parkinson's Disease: Reliability and Validity of a Clinical Assessment Toolkit
Authors: González David Andrés , Tosin Michelle Hyczy de Siqueira , Warner‐Rosen Tila , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness and isolation impact health detrimentally but are understudied in Parkinson's disease (PD). Outcome measurement properties for social connection remain unexplored in PD.ObjectiveTo evaluate the measurement properties of six social connection outcomes in PD.MethodsWe evaluated internal consistency, structural validity, and construct validity for measures of loneliness (brief UCLA Loneliness Scale [ULS3], short and long de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale [dJGLS], social isolation [Cohen Social Network Index–SNI total people, SNI high contact networks], and social support brief Perceived Social Support Scale [PSS]).ResultsWe administered measures to 178 PD participants (Mage = 67.9; 81.5% at Hoehn & Yahr stage 2). There was strong internal consistency, content validity across outcomes, and a 1‐factor structure (PSS, ULS3) and a 2‐factor structure (dJGLS) for two measures each.ConclusionsWe provide a toolbox for clinicians and researchers studying social connection in PD.
How to Achieve Cooperative Emission Reduction in Low‐Carbon Service Supply Chains: An Evolutionary Game‐Theoretic Study
Authors: Xu Yingying , Wang Jinshi , Cheng Ao , Wang Lijing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn a low‐carbon service supply chain, consisting of a carbon‐dependent manufacturer and a low‐carbon service company, a dual contract for revenue sharing and guaranteed carbon reduction promotes sustainable collaboration and emission reduction. However, adjusting contract terms and collaborative relationships when negative cooperative behavior occurs or a collaboration impasse arises remains underexplored. Thus, we constructed an evolutionary game model to analyze cooperative behaviors between carbon‐dependent manufacturers and low‐carbon service companies. Through stability analysis, we identify conditions for active commitment. Importantly, potential negative strategies may hinder optimal cooperative emission reduction, leading to a cooperative deadlock. Numerical simulations reveal the following: (1) Higher guaranteed carbon reduction targets or moderate liquidated deposit can prevent negative behaviors. (2) Changing the allocation ratio of carbon trading revenue or government subsidies helps the chain move towards cooperation. (3) Service innovation facilitates positive cooperation; however, low‐carbon service companies must possess the capability to translate their level of service innovation into carbon reduction performance. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which utilitarian and exploratory service innovations influence cooperative decision‐making differ. (4) When supply chain members find themselves in a decision‐making impasse, in addition to moderately increasing the carbon reduction guarantee amount or the penalties for failing to meet carbon reduction targets, enhancing the distribution ratio of carbon trading revenues for carbon‐dependent manufacturers, increasing the allocation of government subsidies, and implementing service innovations can also help break the deadlock. (5) Combined carbon trading policies and government subsidies effectively promote sustainability compared to singular adoption. These findings impact cooperative emission reduction in low‐carbon service supply chains and policy formulation. The conclusions of this paper have implications for the maintenance of cooperative emission reduction relationships among members in the operation of low‐carbon service supply chains and the formulation of policies.