bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chamuangone from Garcinia cowa leaves inhibits cell proliferation and migration and induces cell apoptosis in human cervical cancer in vitro
Authors: Sae-Lim Pirunrat , Seetaha Supaphorn , Tabtimmai Lueacha , Suphakun Prapasiri , Kiriwan Duangnapa , Panichayupakaranant Pharkphoom , Choowongkomon Kiattawee 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the effects of chamuangone on human cancer cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis.

Methods
An MTT assay was used to study the effect of chamuangone on human cervical carcinoma cell growth. An in-vitro scratch migration assay was used to investigate the activity of cell motility after chamuangone treatment. Chamuangone-induced cell apoptosis in HeLa cells was determined using the apoptotic assay kit. The inhibitory activities of chamuangone were examined by ADP-Glo™ kinase assay. The GOLD docking algorithm was used to demonstrate the mechanism against tyrosine kinase of EGFR.

Key findings
Chamuangone showed a strong inhibitory cell proliferation of HeLa cells with IC50 values of 3.59 µm and effectively inhibited HeLa cell migration. In addition, chamuangone exhibited the apoptotic cell death induction in a time and dose-dependent manner. Finally, chamuangone also was tested for EGFR-TK inhibition activity. The IC50 value of chamuangone was 2.85 nm, whereas the IC50 value of gefitinib was 15.10 nm.

Conclusions
The above results confirm the inhibitory effects of chamuangone on HeLa cell proliferation and cell migration. In addition, chamuangone also induces cell apoptosis in HeLa cells. These findings indicate that chamuangone is a compound that is a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
Short‐chain fatty acids inhibit bovine rumen epithelial cells proliferation via upregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors 1A, but not mediated by G protein‐coupled receptor 41
Authors: Yang Tianyu , Zhan Kang , Ning LiLi , Jiang Maocheng , Zhao Guoqi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a critical role in regulation of rumen epithelial growth. The mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of SCFAs on the proliferation of bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) remain unknown; however, SCFAs can bind to G protein‐coupled receptor 41 (GPR41); hence, the regulatory effects of SCFAs on BRECs proliferation may be mediated by GPR41. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of SCFAs and GPR41 on BRECs proliferation. We demonstrated that SCFAs activate the expression of GPR41 and inhibit (p < .05) BRECs proliferation, while the GPR41 knockdown (GPR41KD) BRECs exhibited (p < .05) slow proliferation compared with controls. The treatment of BRECs with 10 mM SCFAs significantly enhanced (p < .05) expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors 1A (CDKN1A), 2A (CDKN2A) and 2B (CDKN2B) and inhibited (p < .05) their transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, compared with controls. Remarkably, the GPR41KD BRECs treated with SCFAs restored high level of CDKN1A, relative to GPR41KD BRECs, but did not affect (p > .05) the expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2B. The GPR41KD BRECs had significantly reduced (p < .05) cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D2 mRNA abundance compared with controls. The GPR41KD BRECs treated with SCFAs significantly decreased (p < .05) CDK4, cyclin D2, CDKN2A and CDKN2B mRNA abundance compared with BRECs treated with SCFAs. Overall, our results demonstrated that downregulation of CDK4 and cyclin D2 likely mediates the inhibitory effects of GPR41KD on BRECs proliferation. Additionally, CDKN1A plays a vital role in mediating the inhibitory effect of SCFAs on the BRECs proliferation, and that these changes are not mediated by GPR41.
Chemotaxonomic Profiling Through NMR1
Authors: Iglesias María José , Soengas Raquel , Martins Clara B. , Correia Maria João , Ferreira Joana D. , Santos Lilia M. A. , Ortiz Fernando López 
Published: December 2019

A metabolite screening of cyanobacteria was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the soluble material obtained through sequential extraction of the biomass with three different extractive ability solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Twenty‐five strains from the Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI) belonging to different orders in the botanical code that represent three subsections of the Stainer‐Rippka classification were used. The 1H NMR spectra of hexane extracts showed that only two strains of Nostoc genus accumulated triacylglycerols. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols and digalactosyldiacylglycerols were the major components of the ethyl acetate extracts in a mono‐ to digalactosyldiacylglycerols ratio of 4.5 estimated by integration of the signals at δ 3.99 and 3.94 ppm (sn3 glycerol methylene). Oligosaccharides of sucrose and mycosporine‐like amino acids, among other polar metabolites, were detected in the methanolic extracts. Strains of Nostocales order contained heterocyst glycolipids, whereas sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerols were absent in one of the studied strains (Microchaete tenera ACOI 1451). Phosphathidylglycerol was identified as the major phospholipid in the methanolic extracts together with minor amounts of phosphatidylcholine based on 1H, 31P 2D correlation experiments. Chemotaxonomic information could be easily obtained through the analysis of the δ 3.0–0.5 ppm (fatty acid distribution) and δ 1.2–1.1 ppm (terminal methyl groups of the aglycons in heterocyst glycolipids) regions of the 1H NMR spectra of the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively.
Genome size variation is associated with life‐history traits in birds
Authors: Yu J. P. , Liu W. , Mai C. L. , Liao W. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGenome size markedly displays variation across taxa. Genome size variation is affected by two principally different mechanisms (such as whole‐genome duplication events (polyploidization) and accumulation of noncoding elements). In addition, genome size variation is also affected by the phylogenetic signal, life‐history traits and environmental factors. Here, we studied the relationships between genome size and life‐history traits (e.g. clutch size, hatching time, fledging time, age at sexual maturity, longevity and body mass) among 240 species of birds using a phylogenetic comparative analysis and path analysis. We found that genome size was positively correlated with both body mass and hatching time. We also found that body mass was positively correlated with hatching time, age at sexual maturity and longevity in birds. Our findings suggest that although genome size was directly linked to body mass, evolution of larger genomes was also associated with larger bodies by the prolonged hatching time.
Pyridoxamine improves metabolic and microcirculatory complications associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Pereira Evelyn Nunes Goulart da Silva , Silvares Raquel Rangel , Flores Edgar Eduardo Ilaquita , Rodrigues Karine Lino , Daliry Anissa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the protective effects of pyridoxamine against metabolic and microcirculatory complications in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.MethodsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease was established by a high‐fat diet administration over 28 weeks. Pyridoxamine was administered between weeks 20 and 28. The recruitment of leukocytes and the number of vitamin A‐positive hepatic stellate cells were examined by in vivo microscopy. Laser speckle contrast imaging was used to evaluate microcirculatory hepatic perfusion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances measurement and RT‐PCR were used for oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters. advanced glycation end products were evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy.ResultsThe increase in body, liver, and fat weights, together with steatosis and impairment in glucose metabolism observed in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group were attenuated by pyridoxamine treatment. Regarding the hepatic microcirculatory parameters, rats with high‐fat diet‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease showed increased rolling and adhesion of leukocytes, increased hepatic stellate cells activation, and decreased tissue perfusion, which were reverted by pyridoxamine. Pyridoxamine protected against the increased hepatic lipid peroxidation observed in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group. Pyridoxamine treatment was associated with increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) mRNA transcripts in the liver.ConclusionPyridoxamine modulates oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, TNF‐α transcripts levels, and metabolic disturbances, being a potential treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease‐associated microcirculatory and metabolic complications.
One evolutionarily selected amino acid variation is sufficient to provide functional specificity in the cold shock protein paralogs of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Catalan‐Moreno Arancha , Caballero Carlos J. , Irurzun Naiara , Cuesta Sergio , López‐Sagaseta Jacinto , Toledo‐Arana Alejandro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBacterial genomes encode several families of protein paralogs. Discrimination between functional divergence and redundancy among paralogs is challenging due to their sequence conservation. Here, we investigated whether the amino acid differences present in the cold shock protein (CSP) paralogs of Staphylococcus aureus were responsible for functional specificity. Since deletion of cspA reduces the synthesis of staphyloxanthin (STX), we used it as an in vivo reporter of CSP functionality. Complementation of a ΔcspA strain with the different S. aureus CSP variants showed that only CspA could specifically restore STX production by controlling the activity of the stress‐associated sigma B factor (σB). To determine the amino acid residues responsible for CspA specificity, we created several chimeric CSPs that interchanged the amino acid differences between CspA and CspC, which shared the highest identity. We demonstrated that CspA Pro58 was responsible for the specific control of σB activity and its associated phenotypes. Interestingly, CspC gained the biological function of CspA when the E58P substitution was introduced. This study highlights how just one evolutionarily selected amino acid change may be sufficient to modify the specific functionality of CSP paralogs.
Inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis underpins PAMP‐triggered immunity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana but is dispensable for establishment of systemic acquired resistance
Authors: Poon Jacquelyne S. Y. , Le Fevre Ruth E. , Carr John P. , Hanke David E. , Murphy Alex M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6) is an important phosphate store and signal molecule necessary for maintenance of basal resistance to plant pathogens. Arabidopsis thaliana (‘arabidopsis’) has three genes encoding myo‐inositol phosphate synthases (IPS1–3), the enzymes that catalyse conversion of glucose‐6‐phosphate to InsP, the first step in InsP6 biosynthesis. There is one gene for inositol‐(1,3,4,5,6)‐pentakisphosphate 2‐kinase (IPK1), which catalyses the final step. Previously, we showed that mutation of IPS2 and IPK1 but not IPS1 increased susceptibility to pathogens. Our aim was to better understand the InsP6 biosynthesis pathway in plant defence. Here we found that the susceptibility of arabidopsis (Col‐0) to virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato was also increased in ips3 and ips2/3 double mutants. Also, ipk1 plants had compromised expression of local acquired resistance induced by treatment with the pathogen‐derived molecular pattern (PAMP) molecule flg22, but were unaffected in other responses to flg22, including Ca2+ influx and the oxidative burst, seedling root growth inhibition, and transcriptional up‐regulation of the PAMP‐triggered genes MITOGEN‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MPK) 3, MPK11, CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 5, and FLG22‐INDUCED RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE 1. IPK1 mutation did not prevent the induction of systemic acquired resistance by avirulent P. syringae. Also, ips2 and ips2/3 double mutant plants, like ipk1, were hypersusceptible to P. syringae but were not compromised in flg22‐induced local acquired resistance. The results support the role of InsP6 biosynthesis enzymes in effective basal resistance and indicate that there is more than one basal resistance mechanism dependent upon InsP6 biosynthesis.
Nighttime driving: visual, lighting and visibility challenges
Authors: Wood Joanne M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeNighttime driving is dangerous and is one of the most challenging driving situations for most drivers. Fatality rates are higher at night than in the day when adjusted for distances travelled, particularly for crashes involving pedestrians and cyclists. Although there are multiple contributory factors, the low light levels at night are believed to be the major cause of collisions with pedestrians and cyclists at night, most likely due to their reduced visibility. Understanding the visibility problems involved in nighttime driving is thus critical, given the increased risk to road safety.Recent FindingsThis review discusses research that highlights key differences in the nighttime road environment compared to the day and how this affects visual function and driving performance, together with an overview of studies investigating how driver age and visual status affect nighttime driving performance. Research that has focused on the visibility of vulnerable road users at nighttime (pedestrians and cyclists) is also included.SummaryCollectively, the research evidence suggests that visual function is reduced under the mesopic lighting conditions of night driving and that these effects are exacerbated by increasing age and visual impairment. Light and glare from road lighting and headlights have significant impacts on vision and night driving and these effects are likely to change with evolving technologies, such as LED streetlighting and headlights. Research also highlights the importance of the visibility of vulnerable road users at night and the role of retroreflective clothing in the ‘biomotion’ configuration for improving their conspicuity and hence safety.
Pediatric lichen planus pigmentosus possibly triggered by mercury dental amalgams
Authors: Belhareth Kamar , Korbi Mouna , Belhadjali Hichem , Soua Yosra , Moussa Adnene , Youssef Monia , Zili Jameleddine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLichen planus pigmentosus is uncommon in childhood and its treatment is often challenging. We report a case of cutaneous lichen planus pigmentosus in a 10‐year‐old boy, without oral mucosal involvement, two months after an amalgam dental restoration. The diagnosis was based on the histopathological examination of a skin biopsy, the positive patch test to mercury, and the improvement after amalgam removal. Our case report suggests that metal allergy may play a role, and amalgam replacement may be followed by clinical improvement.
Verruciform xanthoma in a patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: Case report and literature review
Authors: Stephens Michael , Rubin Adam I. , Perman Marissa J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVerruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare finding thought to be caused by epidermal damage from trauma or inflammation and has been reported in a limited number of patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Herein, we describe a 20‐year‐old woman with RDEB who developed a large, verrucous, pink plaque on the posterior thigh that was histologically proven to be a VX. We review cases of VX in patients with RDEB and summarize the clinical features, pathophysiology, and management principles.
Knowing the Signs: A Direct and Generalizable Motivation of Two-Sided Tests
Authors: Rice Kenneth , Bonnett Tyler , Krakauer Chloe 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMany well-known problems with two-sided p-values are due to their use in hypothesis tests, with ‘reject–accept’ conclusions about point null hypotheses. We present an alternative motivation for p-value-based tests, viewing them as assessments of only the sign of an underlying parameter, where we can conclude that the parameter is positive or negative, or simply say nothing either way. Our approach is decision theoretic, but—unusually—we consider the whole set of possible utility functions available. Doing this we show how, in a specific sense, close analogues of familiar one- and two-sided tests are always the optimal decision. We argue that this simplicity could aid non-experts’ understanding and use of tests—and help them to think critically about whether or not tests are appropriate tools for answering their questions of interest. Several extensions are also considered, showing that the simple idea of determining the signs of parameters yields a rich framework for inference.
Standing out from the crowd: Identifying the traits and behaviors that characterize high‐quality athlete leaders
Authors: Fransen Katrien , Haslam S. Alexander , Steffens Niklas K. , Boen Filip 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesAn emerging body of evidence indicates that, in addition to the coach, athlete leaders within a team are vital for a sports team's success. Sports teams are therefore keen to know which attributes are distinctly characteristic of high‐quality leaders on and off the field. The present study aims to shed more light on this question.MethodA wide variety of traits and leadership behaviors was assessed in a sample of 776 athletes, stratified across gender, competitive level, and four sports. The leadership quality of each of the athletes (ie, as task, motivational, social, and external leader) was determined on the basis of the perceptions of teammates using social network analysis.ResultsFindings revealed that leadership behaviors outweighed personality traits in distinguishing high‐quality leaders from others on and off the field. Providing identity leadership that creates, embodies, advances, and embeds a collective sense of “us” in their teams was found to be a particularly important leadership behavior that characterized high‐quality leaders both on and off the field.ConclusionThe fact that leadership behaviors were important predictors of high‐quality athlete leadership (and more important predictors than traits) suggests that leaders are not just born, but can also be made. Our findings therefore highlight the clear need for leadership development programs to target the behaviors that we identified as important predictors of leadership.
GRADE-ADOLOPMENT Process to Develop 24-Hour Movement Behavior Recommendations and Physical Activity Guidelines for the Under 5s in the United Kingdom, 2019
Authors: Reilly John J. , Hughes Adrienne R. , Janssen Xanne , Hesketh Kathryn R. , Livingstone Sonia , Hill Catherine , Kipping Ruth , Draper Catherine E. , Okely Anthony D. , Martin Anne 
Published: December 2019

Background: This article summarizes the approach taken to develop UK Chief Medical Officers’ physical activity guidelines for the Under 5s, 2019. Methods: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)-Adaptation, Adoption, De Novo Development (ADOLOPMENT) approach was used, based on the guidelines from Canada and Australia, with evidence updated to February 2018. Recommendations were based on the associations between (1) time spent in sleep, sedentary time, physical activity, and 10 health outcomes and (2) time spent in physical activity and sedentary behavior on sleep outcomes (duration and latency). Results: For many outcomes, more time spent in physical activity and sleep (up to a point) was beneficial, as was less time spent in sedentary behavior. The authors present, for the first time, evidence in GRADE format on behavior type–outcome associations for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Stakeholders supported all recommendations, but recommendations on sleep and screen time were not accepted by the Chief Medical Officers; UK guidelines will refer only to physical activity. Conclusions: This is the first European use of GRADE-ADOLOPMENT to develop physical activity guidelines. The process is robust, rapid, and inexpensive, but the UK experience illustrates a number of challenges that should help development of physical activity guidelines in future.
Clinical utility of NGS diagnosis and disease stratification in a multiethnic primary ciliary dyskinesia cohort
Authors: Fassad Mahmoud R. , Patel Mitali P. , Shoemark Amelia , Cullup Thomas , Hayward Jane , Dixon Mellisa , Rogers Andrew V. , Ollosson Sarah , Jackson Claire , Goggin Patricia , Hirst Robert A. , Rutman Andrew , Thompson James , Jenkins Lucy , Aurora Paul , Moya Eduardo , Chetcuti Philip , O'Callaghan Chris , Morris-Rosendahl Deborah J , Watson Christopher M. , Wilson Robert , Carr Siobhan , Walker Woolf , Pitno Andreia , Lopes Susana , Morsy Heba , Shoman Walaa , Pereira Luisa , Constant Carolina , Loebinger Michael R. , Chung Eddie M.K. , Kenia Priti , Rumman Nisreen , Fasseeh Nader , Lucas Jane S. , Hogg Claire , Mitchison Hannah M. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterogeneous condition enriched in some consanguineous populations, results from recessive mutations affecting cilia biogenesis and motility. Currently, diagnosis requires multiple expert tests.MethodsThe diagnostic utility of multigene panel next-generation sequencing (NGS) was evaluated in 161 unrelated families from multiple population ancestries.ResultsMost (82%) families had affected individuals with biallelic or hemizygous (75%) or single (7%) pathogenic causal alleles in known PCD genes. Loss-of-function alleles dominate (73% frameshift, stop-gain, splice site), most (58%) being homozygous, even in non-consanguineous families. Although 57% (88) of the total 155 diagnostic disease variants were novel, recurrent mutations and mutated genes were detected. These differed markedly between white European (52% of families carry DNAH5 or DNAH11 mutations), Arab (42% of families carry CCDC39 or CCDC40 mutations) and South Asian (single LRRC6 or CCDC103 mutations carried in 36% of families) patients, revealing a striking genetic stratification according to population of origin in PCD. Genetics facilitated successful diagnosis of 81% of families with normal or inconclusive ultrastructure and 67% missing prior ultrastructure results.ConclusionsThis study shows the added value of high-throughput targeted NGS in expediting PCD diagnosis. Therefore, there is potential significant patient benefit in wider and/or earlier implementation of genetic screening.
Sleep problems and risk of all-cause cognitive decline or dementia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Wei , Tan Chen-Chen , Zou Juan-Juan , Cao Xi-Peng , Tan Lan 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of association between sleep and all-cause cognitive disorders.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to 18 February 2019. Cohort studies exploring longitudinal associations of sleep with cognitive decline or dementia were included. The multivariable-adjusted effect estimates were pooled by random-effects models, with credibility assessment. The robust error meta-regression model was used to conduct the dose–response meta-analysis for sleep duration.Results11 155 reports were searched and 51 eligible cohorts with 15 sleep problems were included for our meta-analyses. Ten types of sleep conditions or parameters, including six (insomnia, fragmentation, daytime dysfunction, prolonged latency, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and excessive time in bed) with moderate-to-high levels of evidence, were linked to higher risk of all-cause cognitive disorders. Furthermore, a U-shaped relationship was revealed for the associations with sleep duration.ConclusionsSleep management might serve as a promising target for dementia prevention.