bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kedudukan Mangsa Banjir Sebagai Penerima Zakat dan Cadangan Pengaplikasiannya di Malaysia
Authors: Muhd. Fisal Siti Fariza , Ab. Rahman Azman , Ahmad Sanep , Wahid Hairunnizam 
Published: December 2020

On 24 December 2014, floods have plagued Malaysian society, especially in the east coast which resulted in losses of millions of ringgit and many lives. The most affected areas were the states of Kelantan, involving the number of victims in nine districts with a total of 34,955 victims. Those involved with flood loss of property such as houses, vehicles, farm equipment and basic source of income. People are also concerned and lend a hand. Questions arise regarding the eligibility of flood victims as the one of the eight zakat recipients. Therefore, this study will evaluate the position of victims as beneficiaries zakat itself. The study will also recommended an appropriate scheme for the flood victims if they are entitled to receive zakat. The study found that the victims were entitled under the category of recipients of zakat al- gharimin because they are having difficulties in getting the necessities in basic needs. The proposed scheme will provide assistances in housing, food and clothing, because of human needs. The implications of the study provides guidelines to zakat institutions in providing assistance to flood victims. Future studies can be conducted to identify the effectiveness of the scheme of zakat that are provided to the victims.
Keywords: Rights of zakat, eight asnaf, emergency within Islam, flood victims, zakat sceheme.
Abstrak
Pada 24 Disember 2014, bencana banjir telah melanda Malaysia khususnya di kawasan Pantai Timur yang mengakibatkan kerugian jutaan ringgit dan mengorbankan banyak nyawa. Kawasan yang paling teruk terjejas adalah negeri Kelantan, yang melibatkan jumlah mangsa banjir di sembilan jajahan seramai 34,955 orang mangsa. Mereka yang terlibat dengan bencana banjir kehilangan harta seperti tempat kediaman, kenderaan, ladang punca pendapatan dan peralatan asas untuk menjalani kehidupan. Keadaan yang dialami oleh mereka tidak terlepas daripada mata-mata masyarakat yang prihatin untuk menyalurkan bantuan. Timbul persoalan tentang kedudukan mangsa banjir sebagai asnaf yang berhak menerima zakat. Justeru, kajian ini akan menilai kedudukan mangsa banjir sebagai penerima zakat. Kajian ini juga akan mencadangakan skim bantuan yang sesuai untuk diberikan kepada mangsa banjir sekiranya mereka berhak menerima zakat. Hasil kajian mendapati mangsa banjir layak menerima bantuan zakat di bawah kategori asnaf al-gharimin menepati syarat sebagai penerima zakat. Skim bantuan yang dicadangkan adalah bantuan berbentuk keperluan asasi seperti skim bantuan tempat tinggal, makanan dan pakaian. Implikasi kajian memberikan garis panduan kepada institusi zakat dalam menyediakan bantuan kepada mangsa banjir. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan dalam mengenalpasti keberkesanan skim bantuan yang diberikan kepada mangsa banjir.
Kata kunci: Hak zakat, asnaf lapan, darurat dalam Islam, mangsa banjir, skim bantuan.
The Legal Exposition of Abu Ya‘La on The Appointment of A Qadi
Authors: Abdul Azeez Yusuf , Ishola Abdullahi Saliu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Abu Ya‘la ibn al-Farra’ (380-458 A.H / 990-1065 C.E) is regarded as one of the prominent jurists of the Hanbali Madhhab credited to have written many works of erudition in Public Law, Islamic constitutional Law and the Islamic system of politics. His proficiency in jurisprudence, ethics, political science and literature proved useful in securing a respectable career for him not only as a qadi (judge) but also as an excellent author, muhaddith (expert in hadith) and a Qur’anic scientist. The focus of attention of this paper, therefore, is to examine the views and thoughts of this prominent mufti (Islamic legal expert) on the nature of appointments that could be conferred by the imam (leader of the Islamic State) on a qadi. In achieving this notion, attempt is made to examine his exposition on the qualifications of a qadi and the mode of contract of his appointment, validation of his appointment by the imam and the areas of his jurisdiction. Other relevant areas examined in his legal theory, are his fatawa (personal legal opinions) on such appointment of a qadi with a special jurisdiction, appointment of two judges in a city, request for appointment as a qadi, as well as offering of bribes to be appointed as a qadi. It is discovered that some of the legal opinions expressed by Abu Ya‘la on each of these matters are guidelines that may be adopted in the contemporary society for the appointment of a credible qadi into any of the judicial positions. The study adopts a descriptive analytical research method whereby references were made to the primary sources containing Abu Ya‘la’s opinion as well as other secondary literature written by classical and contemporary Muslim and non-Muslim scholars on his life and works. It is, thus, believed that the legal opinions propounded by Abu Ya‘la on the appointment of a qadi is not only germane but also contain policies that are relevant to the contemporary judicial institutions.
Keywords: Abu Ya‘la, fatwa (Islamic legal opinion), qadi (judge), Hanbali Madhhab.
Adab Perbezaan Pendapat dalam Islam Menurut Taha Jabir Al-Alwani (1935-2016)
Authors: Ghazali Mohd Rumaizuddin 
Published: December 2020

This article briefly discusses the biography of Taha Jabir al-Alwani and ethics of disagreement that have been espoused in his book, Adab al-Ikhtilaf fi al-Islam. He surveyed the ethics of disagreements and dissension during the time of the Prophet, the Companions and leading scholars (imam) of madhahib until the contemporary era. Differences of opinions in fiqh branches (furu') is natural due to the language factor, the transmissions of ahadith and methodologies (usul fiqh). The differences in the fiqh are considered as blessings (rahmah) which provide space and wealth of knowledge from which the law-making process is derived. He also outlined the solutions for Muslims to wade through this crisis of the loss of adab; the solutions include training of Muslim youths with the fundamentals of modern and religious sciences, strengthening of the educational institutions that pursue the islamisation of knowledge, and establishing the true Islamic thoughts.
Keywords: ethics of disagreement, ethics of dialogues, Islamic thoughts and the Islamization of knowledge
Abstrak
Artikel ini membincangkan secara ringkas biografi Taha Jabir al-Alwani dan adab perbezaan pendapat dalam karyanya Adab al-Ikhtilaf fi al-Islam. Beliau telah menyoroti adab perbezaan pendapat pada zaman nabi, zaman para sahabat dan imam mazhab sehingga zaman kini. Perbezaan pendapat dalam bidang cabangan fikah (furu’) adalah perkara tabi’i disebabkan faktor bahasa, sebab periwayatan hadis dan kaedah usul. Perbezaan dalam perkara cabangan fikah sebagai rahmat dan kelapangan bagi umat ini serta kekayaan dalam proses pengambilan hukum. Beliau turut menggariskan jalan penyelesaian umat Islam dalam menghadapi krisis kehilangan adab ini dengan melatih para belia dengan ilmu syariat dan moden, mengukuhkan institusi pendidikan yang berteraskan pengislaman ilmu dan membentuk pemikiran Islam yang tulen.
Kata kunci: adab perbezaan pendapat, adab berdialog, pemikiran Islam dan pengislaman ilmu
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF ONLINE EDUCATION IN SPHERE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF COLLEGE LEVEL STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 QUARANTINE IN UKRAINE
Authors: Глоба Г. В. 
Published: December 2020

The unexpectedly rapid transition to online education in the 2nd semester of 2020 due to the COVID-19 outbreak became a challenge for the domestic educators in Physical Education. Despite the abundance of newest health-tracking and sports devices, apps, and online platforms and channels, appropriate sport facilities and equipment are still necessary due to safety restrictions and for conduction of good quality PE and sports classes. Ukrainian climate conditions do not allow a year-round outdoor training in the public premises. Lack of sports equipment in private apartments, insufficient supply of Ukrainian families with computers and telephones of the new generation, lack of Internet access in 35% of families, inability to use sports facilities even for teachers for shooting video lessons, etc. resulted in a drop in the success of university students of PE departments. The failure of half-a-year PE classes’ results on the state level was eloquently pronounced with the Ministry of Education official recommending assessment of students’ year PE results by the I-st semester grades. Thus, the need to analyze the efficiency of online-teaching experience in domestic physical education arose. The article analyses the pitfalls of the introduction of distance education in the field of physical education of students of Ukrainian universities according to the criteria of effectiveness proposed by A. Veremchuk (effectiveness, accessibility to all segments of the population, resource intensity, efficiency, democratic communication "teacher-student", and comprehensive software technologies) and recommendations for compensation of the mentioned problem.
Efeitos da laserterapia de baixa intensidade em pacientes com úlceras por pressão
Authors: Lima Antonio Deison de , Aguiar Dennis Frankilin , Borges Gustavo Miranda , Trindade Hugo Alves da , Rocha Gabriel Mauriz de Moura 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: As úlceras por pressão são lesões na pele ou no tecido subjacente ocasionadas por longos períodos de imobilidade, ocorre isquemia local e em consequência morte tecidual. É considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial. A terapia a laser de baixa intensidade é utilizada de maneira copiosa no tratamento das úlceras por pressão. Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar uma revisão sistemática acerca do efeito do laser de baixa intensidade no processo de reparação tecidual em pacientes com úlceras por pressão. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática da literatura de artigos selecionados nas bases de dados pubmed, Periódicos Capes, BVS Brasil e Google acadêmico. Os Descritores (Decs) foram: Terapia a laser, terapia com luz de baixa intensidade e Úlceras por pressão. As palavras-chave foram cruzadas entre inseridas entre aspas para triagem da busca. Estratégia PICO foi adotada. Critérios de inclusão foram artigos dos últimos dez anos em pacientes humanos nos idiomas inglês e português. Os artigos que não entraram em consonância com os critérios de inclusão foram descartados. Resultados: A maioria dos artigos apontam que o laser de baixa intensidade promove melhores resultados no processo de cicatrização das úlceras por pressão. Conclusão: Dos estudos selecionados foi observado que os comprimentos de onda de 658 e 660nm alcançaram melhores resultados no processo de cicatrização das úlceras por pressão.
A Novel Risk-Stratification Models of the High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in COVID-19 Patients With Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Xu Jiqian , Yang Xiaobo , Huang Chaolin , Zou Xiaojing , Zhou Ting , Pan Shangwen , Yang Luyu , Wu Yongran , Ouyang Yaqi , Wang Yaxin , Xu Dan , Zhao Xin , Shu Huaqing , Jiang Yongxiang , Xiong Wei , Ren Lehao , Liu Hong , Yuan Yin , Qi Hong , Fu Shouzhi , Chen Dechang , Zhang Dingyu , Yuan Shiying , Shang You 
Published: December 2020

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been recommended as a suitable choice for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure before mechanical ventilation (MV); however, delaying MV with HFNC therapy is still a dilemma between the technique and clinical management during the ongoing pandemic.Methods: Retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients treated with HFNC therapy from four hospitals of Wuhan, China. Demographic information and clinical variables before, at, and shortly after HFNC initiation were collected and analyzed. A risk-stratification model of HFNC failure (the need for MV) was developed with the 324 patients of Jin Yin-tan Hospital and validated its accuracy with 69 patients of other hospitals.Results: Among the training cohort, the median duration of HFNC therapy was 6 (range, 3–11), and 147 experienced HFNC failure within 7 days of HFNC initiation. Early predictors of HFNC failure on the basis of a multivariate regression analysis included age older than 60 years [odds ratio (OR), 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–3.44; p = 0.027; 2 points], respiratory rate-oxygenation index (ROX) &lt;5.31 (OR, 5.22; 95% CI, 2.96–9.20; p &lt; 0.001; 5 points) within the first 4 h of HFNC initiation, platelets &lt; 125 × 109/L (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.46–6.35; p = 0.003; 3 points), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) &gt;7.0 pg/mL (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.79–6.23; p &lt; 0.001; 3 points) at HFNC initiation. A weighted risk-stratification model of these predictors showed sensitivity of 80.3%, specificity of 71.2% and a better predictive ability than ROX index alone [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.807 vs. 0.779, p &lt; 0.001]. Six points were used as a cutoff value for the risk of HFNC failure stratification. The HFNC success probability of patients in low-risk group (84.2%) was 9.84 times that in the high-risk group (34.8%). In the subsequent validation cohort, the AUC of the model was 0.815 (0.71–0.92).Conclusions: Aged patients with lower ROX index, thrombocytopenia, and elevated IL-6 values are at increased risk of HFNC failure. The risk-stratification models accurately predicted the HFNC failure and early stratified COVID-19 patients with HFNC therapy into relevant risk categories.
Reduced Impact of Endovascular Thrombectomy on Disability in Real-World Practice, Relative to Randomized Controlled Trial Evidence in Australia
Authors: Gao Lan , Tan Elise , Moodie Marj , Parsons Mark , Spratt Neil J. , Levi Christopher , Butcher Kenneth , Kleinig Timothy , Yan Bernard , Chen Chushuang , Lin Longting , Choi Philip , Bivard Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are an important measure of the global burden of disease that informs patient outcomes and policy decision-making. Our study aimed to compare the DALYs saved by endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in the Australasian-based EXTEND-IA trial vs. clinical registry data from EVT in Australian routine clinical practice.Methods: The 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) outcome and treatment status of consecutively enrolled Australian patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke were taken from the International Stroke Perfusion Imaging Registry (INSPIRE). DALYs were calculated as the summation of years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death and years lived with a disability (YLD). A generalized linear model (GLM) with gamma family and log link was used to compare the difference in DALYs for patients receiving/not receiving EVT while controlling for key covariates. Ordered logit regression model was utilized to compare the difference in functional outcome at 3 months between the treatment groups. Cox regression analysis was undertaken to compare the difference in survival over an 18-year time horizon. Estimated long-term DALYs saved based on the EXTEND-IA randomized controlled trial (RCT) results were used as the comparator.Results: INSPIRE patients who received EVT treatment only achieved nominally better functional outcomes than the non-EVT group (p = 0.181) at 3 months. There was no significant survival gain from EVT over the first 3 months of stroke in both INSPIRE and EXTEND-IA patients. However, measured against no EVT in the long-term, EVT in INSPIRE was associated with no significant survival gain [hazard ratio (HR): 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–1.08, p = 0.287] compared with the survival benefit extrapolated from the EXTEND-IA trial (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22–0.82, p = 0.01]. Offering EVT to patients with LVO stroke was also associated with fewer DALYs lost (11.04, 95% CI: 10.45–11.62) than those not receiving EVT in INSPIRE (12.13, 95% CI: 11.75–12.51), a reduction of −1.09 DALY (95% CI: −1.76 to −0.43, p = 0.002). The absolute magnitude of the treatment effect was lower than that seen in EXTEND-IA (−2.72 DALY reduction in EVT vs non-EVT patients).Conclusions: EVT for the treatment of LVO in a registry of routine care was associated with significantly lower DALYs lost than medical care alone, but the saved DALYs are less than those reported in clinical trials, as there were major differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients.
Case Report: Candida dubliniensis as a Cause of Chronic Meningitis
Authors: Tahir Madiha , Peseski Andrew M. , Jordan Stephen J. 
Published: December 2020

Background:Candida dubliniensis is closely related to Candida albicans and rarely isolated in clinical specimens. C. dubliniensis is increasingly recognized as a pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. We present the third known case of Candida dubliniensis meningitis in a young immunocompetent host.Case Presentation: A 27-year-old female with a history of intravenous heroin use and chronic hepatitis C presented with a 10-month history of headaches and progressive bilateral vision loss. On physical examination, visual acuity was 20/20 in her right eye and grade II papilledema was noted. Examination of her left eye revealed complete loss of vision and grade IV papilledema. An MRI with and without contrast revealed increased leptomeningeal enhancement involving the posterior fossa and spinal cord. After multiple lumbar punctures, cerebrospinal fluid fungal cultures grew Candida dubliniensis. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of liposomal amphotericin and fluconazole for 6 weeks with complete resolution of her CNS symptoms, with the exception of irreversible vision loss.Conclusion: We report a case of chronic meningitis due to Candida dubliniensis in an immunocompetent woman with hepatitis C and a history of intravenous heroin use. Additional studies are needed to confirm risk factors for Candida dubliniensis colonization, which likely predisposes individuals to invasive candidiasis.
Management of Intractable Pain in Patients With Implanted Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using a Remote and Wireless Programming System
Authors: Lu Yang , Xie Duo , Zhang Xiaolei , Dong Sheng , Zhang Huifang , Yu Beibei , Wang Guihuai , Wang James Jin , Li Luming 
Published: December 2020

As COVID-19 rampages throughout the world and has a major impact on the healthcare system, non-emergency medical procedures have nearly come to a halt due to appropriate resource reallocation. However, pain never stops, particularly for patients with chronic intractable pain and implanted spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices. The isolation required to fight this pandemic makes it impossible for such patients to adjust the parameters or configuration of the device on site. Although telemedicine has shown a great effect in many healthcare scenarios, there have been fewer applications of such technology focusing on the interaction with implanted devices. Here, we introduce the first remote and wireless programming system that enables healthcare providers to perform video-based real-time programming and palliative medicine for pain patients with a SCS implant. During the COVID-19 pandemic from January 23, 2020, the date of lockdown of Wuhan, to April 30, 2020, 34 sessions of remote programming were conducted with 16 patients. Thirteen of the 16 patients required programming for parameter optimization. Improvement was achieved with programming adjustment in 12 of 13 (92.3%) cases. Eleven of the 16 (68.8%) patients reported that the system was user-friendly and met their needs. Five patients complained of an unstable connection resulting from the low network speed initially, and three of these patients solved this problem. In summary, we demonstrated that a remote wireless programming system can deliver safe and effective programming operations of implantable SCS device, thereby providing palliative care of value to the most vulnerable chronic pain patients during a pandemic.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT 03858790.
Salvage Radiation Therapy for Patients With Relapsing Glioblastoma Multiforme and the Role of Slow Fractionation
Authors: Ciernik I. Frank , Gager Yann , Renner Christof , Spieker Sybille , Arndt Nicole , Neumann Karsten 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSalvage radiation therapy (SRT) can be offered to patients with relapsing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here we report our experience with a schedule extending the treatment time of SRT with the aim to prolong the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation while minimizing the cytotoxic hazards for the surrounding brain.Methods and PatientsFrom 2009 until 2017, 124 of 218 patients received radical resection, adjuvant chemo-radiation with photons and temozolomide (TMZ) followed by adjuvant TMZ. Re-irradiation was performed in 26 patients due to local relapse. Treatment schedules varied. Survival and molecular markers were assessed.ResultsThe median survival was respectively 12 months (9–14.5) of the 124 patients treated with tri-modal therapy and 19.2 months (14.9–24.6) for the 26 patients retreated with SRT (p=0.038). Patients who received daily fractions of 1,6 to 1,65 Gy to a total dose of &gt;40 Gy had a median survival time of 24,6 months compared to patients treated with higher daily doses or a total dose of &lt;40 Gy (p= 0.039), consistent with the observation that patients treated with 21–28 fractions had a median survival of 21,9 months compared to 15,8 months of patients who received 5–20 fractions (p=.0.05). Patients with Ki-67 expression of &gt;30% seemed to perform better than patients with expression levels of ≤20% (p=0.03). MGMT methylation status, TERT promoter or ATRX mutations, overexpression of p53, p16, PD-L1, and EGFR were not prognostic.ConclusionsRe-irradiation of relapsing GBM is a highly valid treatment option. Our observation challenges hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for retreatment and controlled trials on the fractionation dose for SRT are needed. Robust predictive molecular markers could be beneficial in the selection of patients for SRT.
A Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technique to Monitor Cannabidiol Levels in Epilepsy Patients
Authors: Dubois Sara , Marchese Francesca , Pigliasco Federica , Barco Sebastiano , Tripodi Gino , Lomonaco Tommaso , Lattanzi Simona , Russo Emilio , Cangemi Giuliana , Striano Pasquale 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Interest in cannabis-based therapies has recently increased, due to the availability of cannabidiol (CBD) for the treatment of epilepsy without psychoactive effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring can prevent drug interactions and minimize drug toxicity. We evaluated a volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) method combined with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) for the quantification of CBD blood levels in patients with refractory epilepsy.Methods: Prospective observation of patients with Dravet syndrome receiving open-label, add-on GW-purified CBD (Epidyolex®) at different doses. CBD plasma samples were obtained from venipuncture and LC-MS/MS was used to measure CBD in venous and capillary blood samples collected by VAMS.Results: We enrolled five patients with a mean age of 13 (range: 4–27) years. CBD levels measured by VAMS on capillary blood did not differ from CBD levels measured in plasma by venipuncture (R2 &gt; 0.93).Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study suggests that VAMS allows monitoring of CBD plasma levels and can offer valuable support for personalized therapy in refractory epilepsy.