bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remarkable lives: Stacey Withington in conversation with Jerome Carson
Authors: Withington Stacey , Carson Jerome 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a profile of Stacey Withington.

Design/methodology/approach
In this case study, Stacey provides a short account of her life and is then interviewed by Jerome.

Findings
Stacey details how she was able to transform her life, despite the traumas experienced in her life.

Research limitations/implications
Although many of us will not have experienced the difficulties that Stacey has, we are all able to empathise with her story. We now have the gift of her story, to borrow the phrase from Dr Julie Leibrich (Leibrich, 1999).

Practical implications
How many times must people complain about the delay in accessing counselling and mental health services before something is done to tackle the problem?

Social implications
A mother, a partner and a son, backed up by wonderful tutors and friends, helped Stacey find the strength and talent that she possessed within.

Originality/value
Stacey is the first person featured in this series to be called a SHEro. In truth and as Patricia Deegan has stated, “try and see the person with mental health problems that you are working with as a hero” (Deegan, 1996). As Pat also says, “Could you have survived what that person has survived?” Stacey has not just survived, she is now flourishing!
Enhancing student understanding of networks using experiential learning
Authors: Paros Amy , Taylor Michael , Yawson Robert M. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an experiential learning exercise that develops student understanding of social networks within organizations. Understanding these networks can foster complete access to information and inclusive decision-making that translates into career success.

Design/methodology/approach
This experiential learning classroom exercise supports all student learning styles using a puzzle to teach students to apply social network theory toward real-world decision-making. This exercise is best used in small and medium-sized classrooms with ideally 15–40 students. This simulation could be used during 50 up through 120-min class sessions.

Findings
The game-like environment created by this exercise helps extend real-world understanding that may traditionally be lost with a lecture. Components within this simulation provide balanced consideration for many different learning styles. This exercise has been used successfully within a graduate-level leadership and decision-making course in at least ten sessions over 5 years.

Practical implications
This is a real-time theory to practice application exercise where an experiential activity is deployed for students to understand the practical implications and application of a theoretical concept.

Social implications
Organizations have internal social networks connecting employees. These connections are how information is dispersed and knowledge is shared. When these networks are understood and effectively used, it can result in more comprehensive problem-solving, valuable collaboration and the maximization of subject matter expertise within the organization.

Originality/value
This is a “how-to” teaching and pedagogical exercise. It is original with the benefit of its flexibility and adaptability in the classroom.
Improved controlled source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric method apparent resistivity pseudo‐sections based on the frequency and frequency–spatial gradients of electromagnetic fields
Authors: Zhang Ming , Farquharson Colin G. , Liu Changsheng 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough most electromagnetic data can be inverted to actual resistivity, ways of quickly getting a real‐time interpretation of a data set are still valuable. Such methods are useful when we are testing instrumentation or assessing data quality during a survey, or when we need to get a general understanding of the geological structure during a field survey. Apparent resistivity is a good way to satisfy these desires. However, one of the disadvantages of apparent resistivities is that the traditional apparent resistivity formulations are poor at recognizing boundaries, mainly because abnormal responses get stretched into deeper parts of the image (a shadow effect). In order to improve the recognition ability of boundaries, we propose improved apparent resistivity pseudo‐sections based on the formulae for the frequency and frequency–spatial gradients of the fields in the far‐field region of frequency‐domain controlled‐source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric surveys. The new pseudo‐sections are found to be better than those produced from a traditional method when applied to a number of 3‐D examples. The performance of this apparent resistivity method is closely related to using an appropriate transmitter–receiver distance: when a proper value is used, good results can be obtained in which the horizontal locations of vertical boundaries and the positions of top and bottom boundaries can be identified clearly. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed method for practical applications is evaluated with a field‐data example, for which the results of the proposed apparent resistivity imaging method are compared with traditional apparent resistivities, as well as with the results from a 2‐D inversion of DC resistivity data from the same survey line and with what is known about the geology of the area. This comparison demonstrates the improved capabilities of the new apparent resistivities over traditional approaches, including an improved capability to accurately reveal the bottoms of targets.
Relative humidity predominantly determines long‐term biocrust‐forming lichen cover in drylands under climate change
Authors: Baldauf Selina , Porada Philipp , Raggio José , Maestre Fernando T. , Tietjen Britta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Manipulative experiments typically show a decrease in dryland biocrust cover and altered species composition under climate change. Biocrust‐forming lichens, such as the globally distributed Diploschistes diacapsis, are particularly affected and show a decrease in cover with simulated climate change. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and long‐term interacting effects of different drivers are largely unknown due to the short‐term nature of the experimental studies conducted so far.

We addressed this gap and successfully parameterised a process‐based model for D. diacapsis to quantify how changing atmospheric CO2, temperature, rainfall amount and relative humidity affect its photosynthetic activity and cover. We also mimicked a long‐term manipulative climate change experiment to understand the mechanisms underlying observed patterns in the field.

The model reproduced observed experimental findings: warming reduced lichen cover, whereas less rainfall had no effect on lichen performance. This warming effect was caused by the associated decrease in relative humidity and non‐rainfall water inputs, which are major water sources for biocrust‐forming lichens. Warming alone, however, increased cover because higher temperatures promoted photosynthesis during early morning hours with high lichen activity. When combined, climate variables showed non‐additive effects on lichen cover, and effects of increased CO2 levelled off with decreasing levels of relative humidity.

Synthesis. Our results show that a decrease in relative humidity, rather than an increase in temperature, may be the key factor for the survival of the lichen D. diacapsis under climate change and that effects of increased CO2 levels might be offset by a reduction in non‐rainfall water inputs in the future. Because of a global trend towards warmer and drier air and the widespread global distribution of D. diacapsis, this will affect lichen‐dominated dryland biocrust communities and their role in regulating ecosystem functions worldwide.
Does innovation stimulate performance? The case of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia
Authors: Alam Khorshed , Adeyinka Adewuyi A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearchers have mostly estimated the performance–innovation nexus as a one‐way relationship at macro levels. However, the possibility of reverse causality has not yet been given the attention it deserves. In this study, we consider the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) to innovate processes, products, marketing and organisations among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Western Downs region of Queensland, Australia. We employed a simultaneous equation model to capture the joint determination. The results indicate the existence of a feedback effect on the performance–innovation relationship. Specifically, the effect of innovation can be attributed to marketing and organisational innovation. The use of ICT strategies and the Internet for business purposes have a significant effect on the performance of SMEs. A change mindset is also strongly related to using the Internet to search for business opportunities, while mindset and usage have some effect on innovation, particularly when the performance is not endogenous. Finally, the agricultural sector is found to lag in performance and innovation relative to the non‐agricultural sector. Previous models might have misspecified the performance–innovation relationship because the simultaneity bias was not accounted for; a situation that could mislead policy decisions. This study provides new empirical evidence on location‐specific research for strategic interventions.
Therapeutic exercises and rehabilitation in axial spondyloarthropathy: Balancing benefits with unique challenges in the Asia‐Pacific countries
Authors: Das Parthajit , Haldar Rathindranath , Santhanam Sham , Ravindran Vinod 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe burden of axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA) in the Asia‐Pacific region is substantial. The management of axSpA has been revolutionized with the advent of biological therapy where the disease activity, functional disability and negative psychological affect can be mitigated to a great extent. On the other hand, exercise remains an essential component of the treatment of axSpA at all stages, which is often discounted or underused. This is compounded by a gap in demand and supply between increasing number patients with axSpA and paucity of trained specialists and rehabilitation personnel in the Asia‐Pacific countries. The acceptability and uptake of therapeutic exercise is strikingly poor in this region because of multiple factors such as lack of awareness among health professionals and the general population, poor healthcare infrastructure, lack of resources and limited accessibility to rehabilitation services. Health authorities and professional bodies in these countries need to work in tandem to expand healthcare facilities, encourage training opportunities and promote safe and effective exercise interventions which is accessible to the general population and individuals with axSpA. Adequate patient education, optimum control of disease activity and strict adherence to therapeutic exercise is essential to predict the best clinical outcome. In this narrative review we have appraised the impact of therapeutic exercise in this era of biological therapies in axSpA and have explored the challenges of rehabilitation services in the Asia‐Pacific countries. Overall, the available quality of evidence is mixed, acknowledging the beneficial role of exercise and optimum usage and protocols pertaining to axSpA specific exercises and therefore further research is warranted.
Outcomes of catheter‐directed interventions in high‐risk pulmonary embolism‐a retrospective analysis
Authors: Einarsson Freyr , Sandström Charlotte , Svennerholm Kristina , Oras Jonatan , Rylander Christian 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundFirst‐line treatment of high‐risk pulmonary embolism with persistent hypotension and/or signs of shock is intravenous thrombolysis. However, if thrombolysis is contraindicated due to risk of serious bleeding, or if it yields insufficient effect, surgical thrombectomy or catheter‐directed intervention (CDI) plus anticoagulation is recommended. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of the CDI modality introduced in a tertiary referral centre in 2013.MethodsRetrospective comparison between patients treated with CDI plus anticoagulation (n = 22) and patients treated with anticoagulation only (n = 23) as used before the CDI technique was available. The main outcomes of interest were 90‐day survival and reduction of right to left ventricle diameter (RV/LV) ratio, using the Fischer's exact test and a mixed model, respectively, for statistical analysis.ResultsNinety‐day survival was 59% after CDI and 61% after anticoagulation only; P = .903. The rate of RV/LV ratio reduction was 0.4 units higher per 24 hours in the CDI group (median 2.1 pre‐treatment), than in the anticoagulation only group (median 1.3 pre‐treatment); P = .007.ConclusionIn patients with high‐risk pulmonary embolism, 90‐day survival was similar after treatment with CDI plus anticoagulation compared to anticoagulation only. The mean reduction in RV/LV ratio was larger in the CDI group. Our results support the use of CDI in selected patients, respecting the limitations and potential side effects of each technical device used.
Prevalence and patterns of hospital use for people with frequent alcohol‐related hospital admissions, compared to non‐alcohol and non‐frequent admissions: a cohort study using routine administrative hospital data
Authors: Blackwood Rosalind , Lynskey Michael , Drummond Colin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThis study compared prevalence and hospital use among individuals frequently admitted to hospital in England with wholly attributable alcohol‐related diagnoses (WAAD), known as alcohol‐related frequent attenders (ARFAs), with those of non‐alcohol frequent attenders (NAFAs), non‐frequent alcohol attenders (ARNFAs) and non‐alcohol non‐frequent attenders (NANFAs).DesignCross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of 5 years of England's Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).SettingHospital inpatients in England, UK, 2011–16.ParticipantsTwo cohorts (2011/12 = 489 580/7 654 944 patients and 2015/16 = 490 384/7 660 108 patients) were selected from all adult patients aged ≥ 18 years, treated in English hospitals between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2016. Patients were categorized as having alcohol‐related admissions if diagnoses included a WAAD (ICD‐10 classification, WHO, 2016) and frequent admissions if they had more than three hospital admissions during a single HES year.MeasurementsPrevalence of ARFA, number of admissions (spells), occupied bed‐days (OBDs), average length of stay (ALOS) and total admission costs over 5 years were compared among ARFAs, ARNFAs, NAFAs and NANFAs.FindingsOn average, 0.7% of people admitted to hospital per annum in England 2011–15 were ARFAs and more than a quarter of all frequent attenders (for all causes) to hospitals had a wholly attributable alcohol diagnosis on admission. ARFAs had longer ALOS than the other patient groups [5.55 days versus ARNFA 4.7, NAFA 3.39 and NANFA 2.57 days, F = 1088.37 (3, 488 570, P < 0.001)] in the 2015/16 index year; but fewer spells than NAFAs [5.38 ARFAs versus 5.98 NAFAs, F = 20 536.25 (3, 490 380) P < 0.001]. The ARFA cohort reduced in size (from 51 934 ARFAs to 20 548) in the course of 5 years. ARFAs had the highest average total cost of admissions per person over 5 years at £38 189.ConclusionsPeople with repeated admissions for alcohol‐related problems in England appear to be a high‐cost, high‐need, complex group of patients that makes up more than a quarter of the country's alcohol admissions.
A cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of the school‐based drug prevention program #Tamojunto2.0
Authors: Sanchez Zila M. , Valente Juliana Y. , Galvão Patricia P. , Gubert Fabiane A. , Melo Márcia H. S. , Caetano Sheila C. , Mari Jair J. , Cogo‐Moreira Hugo 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAimsThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the government school‐based program #Tamojunto2.0, the third Brazilian version of the European drug prevention program, Unplugged, in preventing the use of alcohol and other drugs.DesignA parallel, two‐arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 205 classes in 73 public schools (37 intervention and 36 control) with a baseline assessment and follow‐up after 9 months.SettingSchools in the cities of São Paulo, Fortaleza and Eusebio in Brazil.ParticipantsA total of 5208 students in the 8th grade with a mean age of 13.2 years (standard deviation = 0.8 years) and an equal gender ratio.InterventionIn 2019, the intervention group attended 12 classes of the program #Tamojunto2.0, under the supervision of a team from the Ministry of Health. The control group did not receive any intervention to prevent alcohol and drug use.MeasurementsThe primary outcome measured was prevalence of binge drinking (five or more doses of alcohol in an occasion) within the past month. Secondary outcomes were prevalence of initiation and use of alcohol, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana and cocaine within the past month.FindingsA statistically significant difference was not found in the prevalence of binge drinking within the past month between intervention and control groups [odds ratio (OR) = 0.934; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.761–1.146]. However, students who were exposed to the program were less likely to initiate alcohol use than those in the control group (OR = 0.782; 95% CI = 0.636–0.961). The Bayes factor for reduction in binge drinking was 0.01, providing evidence in favor of the null hypothesis for this variable.ConclusionsThe drug prevention program #Tamojunto 2.0 reduced alcohol initiation, but appeared not to reduce past‐month binge drinking among 8th grade students in Brazil.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Analysing the range of implicated drugs from the Australian database of adverse event notifications
Authors: Teoh Leanne , Moses Geraldine , Nguyen Amanda P. , McCullough Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

AimsMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an uncommon but potentially debilitating condition, characterised by nonhealing jawbone, with or without mucosal exposure, in the presence of certain drugs. Those already strongly associated with MRONJ include antiresorptives denosumab and bisphosphonates; however, a growing range of other non‐antiresorptive drugs is implicated. The aim of this study was to analyse all case reports of MRONJ submitted to the publicly available Database of Adverse Event Notification from the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia.MethodsThe Therapeutic Goods Administration was contacted on 6 January 2020 and asked for all reports containing the words “osteonecrosis of the jaw”. This was provided in a spreadsheet of de‐identified reports received from commencement of the database in 1971 until 1 October 2019.ResultsThe drugs implicated in the 419 cases were divided by established drugs with MRONJ and secondary drugs that possibly contribute to MRONJ development. While the majority of cases were associated with denosumab or bisphosphonates (n = 405), there were 14 reports where secondary agents that directly or indirectly affect bone turnover, were also implicated. Some of these secondary drugs, including adalimumab, etanercept, methotrexate and rituximab have previously been associated with MRONJ in published case reports.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the sparse but growing literature associating an increasing number of drugs with MRONJ, and underscores the importance of considering all possible drugs that elevate a patient's MRONJ risk.
A novel G protein‐biased agonist at the μ opioid receptor induces substantial receptor desensitisation through G protein‐coupled receptor kinase
Authors: Groom Sam , Blum Nina K. , Conibear Alexandra E. , Disney Alexander , Hill Rob , Husbands Stephen M. , Li Yangmei , Toll Lawrence , Kliewer Andrea , Schulz Stefan , Henderson Graeme , Kelly Eamonn , Bailey Chris P. 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeG protein‐biased μ opioid receptor agonists have the potential to induce less receptor desensitisation and tolerance than balanced opioids. Here, we investigated if the cyclic endomorphin analogue Tyr‐c[D‐Lys‐Phe‐Tyr‐Gly] (Compound 1) is a G protein‐biased μ agonist and characterised its ability to induce rapid receptor desensitisation in mammalian neurones.Experimental ApproachThe signalling and trafficking properties of opioids were characterised using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and phosphosite‐specific immunoblotting in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Desensitisation of opioid‐induced currents were studied in rat locus coeruleus neurones using whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology. The mechanism of Compound 1‐induced μ receptor desensitisation was probed using kinase inhibitors.Key ResultsCompound 1 has similar intrinsic activity for G protein signalling as morphine. As predicted for a G protein‐biased μ agonist, Compound 1 induced minimal agonist‐induced internalisation and phosphorylation at intracellular μ receptor serine/threonine residues known to be involved in G protein‐coupled receptor kinase (GRK)‐mediated desensitisation. However, Compound 1 induced robust rapid μ receptor desensitisation in locus coeruleus neurons, to a greater degree than morphine. The extent of Compound 1‐induced desensitisation was unaffected by activation or inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) but was significantly reduced by inhibition of GRK.Conclusion and ImplicationsCompound 1 is a novel G protein‐biased μ agonist that induces substantial rapid receptor desensitisation in mammalian neurons. Surprisingly, Compound 1‐induced desensitisation was demonstrated to be GRK dependent despite its G protein bias. Our findings refute the assumption that G protein‐biased agonists will evade receptor desensitisation and tolerance.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc