bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Janus‐Structured Co‐Ti3C2 MXene Quantum Dots as a Schottky Catalyst for High‐Performance Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Tang Rui , Zhou Shujie , Li Caixia , Chen Ran , Zhang Luyuan , Zhang Zhiwei , Yin Longwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMXene materials have attracted increasing attention in electrochemical energy‐storage applications while MXene also becomes photo‐active at the quantum dot scale, making it an alternative for solar‐energy‐conversion devices. A Janus‐structured cobalt‐nanoparticle‐coupled Ti3C2 MXene quantum dot (Co‐MQD) Schottky catalyst with tunable cobalt‐loading content serving as a photoelectrochemical water oxidation photoanode is demonstrated. The introduction of cobalt triggers concomitant surface‐plasmon effects and acts as a water oxidation center, enabling visible‐light harvesting capability and improving surface reaction kinetics. Most importantly, due to the rectifying effects of Co‐MQD Schottky junctions, photogenerated carrier separation/injection efficiency can be fundamentally facilitated. Specifically, Co‐MQD‐48 exhibits both superior photoelectrocatalysis (2.99 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE) and charge migration performance (87.56%), which corresponds to 194% and 236% improvement compared with MQD. Furthermore, excellent photostability can be achieved with less than 6.6% loss for 10 h cycling reaction. This fills in gaps in MXene material research in photoelectrocatalysis and allows for the extension of MXene into optical‐related fields.
A ZnS/CaZnOS Heterojunction for Efficient Mechanical‐to‐Optical Energy Conversion by Conduction Band Offset
Authors: Peng Dengfeng , Jiang Yue , Huang Bolong , Du Yangyang , Zhao Jianxiong , Zhang Xin , Ma Ronghua , Golovynskyi Sergii , Chen Bing , Wang Feng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractActively collecting the mechanical energy by efficient conversion to other forms of energy such as light opens a new possibility of energy‐saving, which is of pivotal significance for supplying potential solutions for the present energy crisis. Such energy conversion has shown promising applications in modern sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting. However, the implementation of such technologies is being hindered because most luminescent materials show weak and non‐recoverable emissions under mechanical excitation. Herein, a new class of heterojunctioned ZnS/CaZnOS piezophotonic systems is presented, which displays highly reproducible mechanoluminescence (ML) with an unprecedented intensity of over two times higher than that of the widely used commercial ZnS (the state‐of‐the‐art ML material). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the high‐performance ML originates from efficient charge transfer and recombination through offset of the valence and conduction bands in the heterojunction interface region. By controlling the ZnS‐to‐CaZnOS ratio in conjunction with manganese (Mn2+) and lanthanide (Ln3+) doping, tunable ML across the full spectrum is activated by a small mechanical stimulus of 1 N (10 kPa). The findings demonstrate a novel strategy for constructing efficient ML materials by leveraging interface effects and ultimately promoting practical applications for ML.
A Multi‐Bioinspired Dual‐Gradient Electrode for Microbubble Manipulation toward Controllable Water Splitting
Authors: Long Zhiyun , Zhao Yuyan , Zhang Chunhui , Zhang Yuheng , Yu Cunming , Wu Yuchen , Ma Jun , Cao Moyuan , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClean energy generated from total water splitting is expected to be an affordable, sustainable, and reliable resource but it remains a challenge to gain pure fuel with a controllable pathway. Here, a simple and economical strategy that enables in situ separation of H2/O2 product by manipulating the generated gas phases with the aid of multi‐bioinspired electrodes is proposed. This versatile electrode is based on a Janus asymmetric foam with dual gradients, i.e., the wettability gradient promotes the one‐way gas penetration and the geometry gradient boosts the spontaneous on‐surface transport in the horizontal direction, which cooperatively facilitates self‐driven 3D bubble transport in an aqueous environment. Benefitting from the 3D bionic electrode, the limited distance between the cathode and the anode can be reduced to 1 mm, and the corresponding current density is enhanced 1.5 times as compared with the common condition. This Janus triangular electrode with dual directionality elucidates 3D smart bubble manipulation during overall water splitting and should offer a great opportunity to develop advanced electrochemical processes toward complicated environments such as confined space and zero gravity.
High‐Performance Piezocomposite Energy Harvesters by Constructing Bionic Ion Channels
Authors: Li Cheng , Yang Ying , Wu Yanxiao , Tao Xiaoming , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the traditional piezoelectric energy collector lacks effective progress in the field of wearable energy, because the mechanical energy of human body cannot meet its working frequency. In addition, traditional piezoelectric materials cannot obtain sufficient short‐circuit current and power density to supply power due to the high impedance of its dielectric layer. Here, in order to solve the carrier shortage in traditional piezoelectric materials, ions are implanted in the piezo‐layer and bionic ion channels are constructed to promote ion transport. The piezocomposite energy harvesters achieve a short‐circuit current of 13.3 µA at low‐frequency pressure, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional piezoelectric generator. Besides, the double layer structure formed by ions and composite carbon electrode has natural energy storage characteristics. The open‐circuit voltage of piezocomposite energy harvesters will gradually accumulate step by step under ultra‐low‐frequency pressure. The piezocomposite devices can rapidly charge under a low‐frequency pressure (20 N, 1 Hz) to obtain an open‐circuit voltage of 150 mV within 80 s. This mode of introducing carriers into the piezo‐layer to improve the performance of the piezoelectric generator could provide a promising strategy for piezoelectric materials to collect and store low‐frequency human mechanical energy.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Photooxidation: Intramolecular Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐Tethered Aldehydes
Authors: Gao Zhong‐Hua , Xia Zi‐Hao , Dai Lei , Ye Song 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyzed photooxidation reaction via intramolecular cross dehydrogenative coupling of tetrahydroisoquinoline‐tethered aldehydes was developed, giving the corresponding oxidative cyclization products in moderate to good yields. This reaction features mild conditions with oxygen as the terminal oxidant in the absence of photocatalyst.magnified image
Theoretical Study of Nanocomposite Permittivity with a Tunable Clustering of Inclusions
Authors: Allahyarov Elshad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new analytical model is proposed for the nanocomposite permittivity εeff in mean‐field approach using integrated coefficients for the inclusion clustering and matrix reaction effects. Predictions for εeff are in a satisfactory agreement with the Lichtenecker and Bruggeman mixing rules, depending on whether the reaction field is ignored or incorporated into the theory. The observed differences between the Maxwell–Garnett, Lichtenecker, and Bruggeman results are interpreted in terms of the fraction of the stored dipolar energy they take into account. A novel analytical expression for the average dipolar field in the film shows a U‐shaped dependence on the filler packing fraction η, with an absolute maximum at = 1/e. New analytical expressions derived for the average dipolar energy and dipole–dipole interaction energy in the nanocomposite depend on the cluster orientation parameter γ, and take into account the film boundary effects. It is found that the enhancement of εeff at higher γ is associated with an increase in the inclusion dipole moment in the oriented clusters resulting from dipole–dipole correlations, which inflate the energy stored inside the inclusions.
Metal–Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors Based on the Amorphous Multi‐Anion Compound ZnON
Authors: Reinhardt Anna , von Wenckstern Holger , Grundmann Marius 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectrical properties of metal–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MESFETs) based on the amorphous n‐type multi‐anion compound zinc oxynitride (ZnON) comprising reactively sputtered platinum as Schottky gate are presented. The Schottky barrier diodes reveal a rectification ratio of 4 × 103 at ±2 V and an ideality factor of 1.43. The investigated MESFETs show good switching characteristics with a switching voltage below 2 V, low subthreshold swing of 112 mV dec−1 and reasonable current on/off ratios up to 5 × 105. Additionally, the stability of the devices under visible light illumination is proven.
Formation of Solid–Electrolyte Interfaces in Aqueous Electrolytes by Altering Cation‐Solvation Shell Structure
Authors: Hou Zhiguo , Dong Mengfei , Xiong Yali , Zhang Xueqian , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAqueous lithium/sodium‐ion batteries (AIBs) have received increasing attention because of their intrinsic safety. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 V) of the aqueous electrolyte significantly hinders the development of AIBs, especially the choice of electrode materials. Here, an aqueous electrolyte composed of LiClO4, urea, and H2O, which allows the electrochemical stability window to be expanded to 3.0 V, is developed. Novel [Li (H2O)x(organic)y]+ primary solvation sheath structures are developed in this aqueous electrolyte, which contribute to the formation of solid–electrolyte interface layers on the surfaces of both the cathode and anode. The expanded electrochemical stability window enables the construction of full aqueous Li‐ion batteries with LiMn2O4 cathodes and Mo6S8 anodes, demonstrating an operating voltage of 2.1 V and stability over 2000 cycles. Furthermore, a symmetric aqueous Na‐ion battery using Na3V2(PO4)3 as both the cathode and anode exhibits operating voltage of 1.7 V and stability over 1000 cycles at a rate of 5 C.
High Performance Flexible Transparent Electrode via One‐Step Multifunctional Treatment for Ag Nanonetwork Composites Semi‐Embedded in Low‐Temperature‐Processed Substrate for Highly Performed Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Jinwook , Ouyang Dan , Lu Haifei , Ye Fei , Guo Yuwei , Zhao Ni , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor ideal flexible transparent electrodes, the features of good electrical/optical properties, low surface roughness, efficient charge transportation, robust electrical stability under simultaneously continuous operation bias, and mechanical bending are critical. Herein, a flexible transparent electrode fulfilling all these features is demonstrated by silver (Ag) nanonetwork composites semi‐embedded in low‐temperature‐processed colorless polyimide (cPI), which shows a figure of merit over 1000 (5.4 Ω sq−1 sheet resistance and >94% diffused transmission at 550 nm wavelength), extremely smooth topography (<1 nm root‐mean‐square roughness and <3 nm peak‐to‐valley roughness), remarkable bending stability under continuous operation bias, and increased work function favoring the band alignment with typical charge transport layers for efficient devices. These characteristics are attributed to one‐step multifunctional chemical treatment on the composite of Ag nanowires and an example polymer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The strategic one‐step process simultaneously offers selective welding at nanowires cross junctions to form an Ag nanonetwork, and removing polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactant from Ag nanowires and PSS from PEDOT:PSS. The flexible electrode also favors the residue‐free cPI transfer for applications. Flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) made from the electrode achieve an averaged power conversion efficiency of 14.46% (best, 15.12%), which is the best flexible OSCs reported so far.
Nitrogen fertilization offsets the N2O mitigating effects of cover‐crops and double‐crop soybean in a wheat–sorghum system
Authors: Preza‐Fontes Giovani , Tomlinson Peter J. , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Warren Jason , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCover crops (CCs) have been promoted as a key strategy to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by scavenging excess mineral nitrogen (N) after cash crop harvest. Optimum N fertilizer application rates are also critical to minimize N2O emissions. Integrating these strategies requires research to understand how they interact to drive N2O emissions. The objective was to evaluate N2O emissions from winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) harvest through the subsequent fallow period and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] production phase of a long‐term, no‐till winter wheat–grain sorghum–soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr] cropping system. Fallow management treatments included chemical fallow (CF), double‐crop soybean (DSB), and two CCs: sorghum‐sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor×sorghum bicolorvar. sudanese) and daikon radish (Raphanus sativusL.). Nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 90, and 180 kg ha−1) were applied within 1 wk after sorghum planting. Soil nitrate‐N was consistently greater in CF than in the other treatments during the fallow period. Although, on average, CCs and DSB decreased cumulative N2O emissions (cN2O) by 1.75‐fold, during the fallow period compared to CF, they significantly increased cN2O in the following sorghum crop. Emissions increased with greater applications of N regardless of how the fallow was managed, indicating that N fertilizer application in the following sorghum tended to offset any potential mitigating effects of CCs and DSB. These results highlight the importance of evaluating N2O emissions for the system (fallow + following cash crop) to account for potential tradeoffs that could offset cN2O mitigation when N fertilizer is applied.
Soil carbon and nitrogen and tomato yield response to cover crop management
Authors: Muchanga Rafael A. , Hirata Toshiyuki , Uchida Yoshitaka , Hatano Ryusuke , Araki Hajime 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDepending on management, cover crops may improve soil and environmental quality and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield. We evaluated the effects of hairy vetch (HV; Vicia villosa R.) residue management and the biculture of HV and rye (Secale cereale L.) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil inorganic nitrogen, and tomato yield for 2 yr in a plastic high tunnel. The SOC in the surface 10‐cm depth was 2.87–17.5% significantly greater in HV incorporation (HVI), HV mulch (HVM), and the biculture of HV and rye treatments (HV+RYE), than in a no cover crop treatment (bare fallow). However, cover crop management effects on STN varied with soil depths (0‐ to 10‐ and 10‐ to 30‐cm depths) and years, and HVI tended to be more effective than other treatments in increasing STN. Residual soil nitrate−N was increased by cover crops, more so by HV monoculture than HV+RYE. The MBN and inorganic N (NO3−−N + NH4+−N) were greater in HVI than either HVM or HV+RYE. Tomato total yield was 11.1–43.8% significantly greater in HVI and HVM than in bare fallow. However, the effects of HV+RYE on MBN, inorganic N, and tomato yield varied with C/N ratio of residues and best results were obtained with a C/N ratio of 17.6 than with 23.7. Therefore, if an adequate seeding HV/rye ratio (2:1) is used, HV+RYE is a better management practice to increase SOC and STN at topsoil and tomato yield with least residual N.
Fedratinib in patients with myelofibrosis previously treated with ruxolitinib: An updated analysis of the JAKARTA2 study using stringent criteria for ruxolitinib failure
Authors: Harrison Claire N. , Schaap Nicolaas , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Jourdan Eric , Silver Richard T. , Schouten Harry C. , Passamonti Francesco , Zweegman Sonja , Talpaz Moshe , Verstovsek Srdan , Rose Shelonitda , Shen Juan , Berry Tymara , Brownstein Carrie , Mesa Ruben A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFedratinib is an oral, selective Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor. The phase II JAKARTA2 study assessed fedratinib in patients with intermediate‐ or high‐risk myelofibrosis (MF) who were resistant or intolerant to prior ruxolitinib per investigator assessment. Patients received fedratinib 400 mg/day in 28‐day cycles. The JAKARTA2 outcomes were initially reported using a last‐observation‐carried forward (LOCF) analysis in a “Per Protocol” population. This updated analysis of JAKARTA2 employs intention‐to‐treat analysis principles without LOCF for all treated patients (ITT Population; N = 97), and for a patient subgroup who met more stringent definitions of prior ruxolitinib failure (Stringent Criteria Cohort; n = 79). Median duration of prior ruxolitinib exposure was 10.7 months. The primary endpoint was spleen volume response rate (SVRR; ≥35% spleen volume decrease from baseline to end of cycle 6 [EOC6]). The SVRR was 31% in the ITT Population and 30% in the Stringent Criteria Cohort. Median duration of spleen volume response was not reached. Symptom response rate (≥50% reduction from baseline to EOC6 in total symptom score [TSS] on the modified Myelofibrosis Symptom Assessment Form [MFSAF]) was 27%. Grade 3‐4 anemia and thrombocytopenia rates were 38% and 22%, respectively. Patients with advanced MF substantially pretreated with ruxolitinib attained robust spleen responses and reduced symptom burden with fedratinib.
Trauma severity associated with stress index in emergency settings: an observational prediction‐and‐validation study
Authors: Taniguchi Hayato , Doi Tomoki , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: March 2020

AimEarly judgments for treating severe trauma patients are essential for life‐saving. Stress index (SI), obtained from a division of blood glucose level by serum potassium at arrival, might be useful for early prediction. However, the efficacy of SI was unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify and validate prediction models of severe trauma (ST) and the need for damage control operation (DCOP) and massive transfusion (MT) by using SI among trauma patients.MethodsThis study was a retrospective and prospective observational study. The prediction models were created by 1‐year retrospective data of 167 trauma patients. The prediction models were validated by 6 months of prospective data of 87 trauma patients.ResultsThe prediction model for ST contained respiratory rate and SI as significant factors. The prediction model for DCOP contained SI. The prediction model for MT contained systolic blood pressure and SI. The correlation of probability of MT, ST, and DCOP was r = 0.70 (P < 0.001), r = 0.46 (P < 0.001), and r = 0.15 (P = 0.196), respectively. The predicted probability of MT, ST, and DCOP showed 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.90) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74–0.86), and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70–0.88).ConclusionWe identified and validated our prediction models for ST and the need for DCOP and MT among trauma patients using SI as a main predictor. Our models indicated that fewer variables in an early phase of the treatment process can inform clinicians regarding how severe a patient is and which intervention is needed.
Double‐Gyroid Nanostructure Formation by Aggregation‐Induced Atropisomerization and Co‐Assembly of Ionic Liquid‐Crystalline Amphiphiles
Authors: Uemura Nanami , Kobayashi Tsubasa , Yoshida Shintaro , Li Ya‐xin , Goossens Karel , Zeng Xiangbing , Watanabe Go , Ichikawa Takahiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report a new molecular‐design principle for creating double‐gyroid nanostructured molecular assemblies based on atropisomerization. Ionic amphiphiles containing two imidazolium rings close to each other were designed and synthesized. NMR data revealed that the rotation of the imidazolium rings is restricted, with an activation energy as high as 63 kJ mol−1 in DMSO‐d6 solution (DFT prediction for a model compound in the vacuum: 90–100 kJ mol−1). Due to the restricted rotation, the amphiphiles feature “double” atropisomeric axes in their ionic segments and form three stable atropisomers: meso, R, and S. These isomers co‐organize into
‐type bicontinuous cubic liquid‐crystalline mesophases through nanosegregation of the ionic and non‐ionic parts. Considering the intrinsic characteristic of
‐type bicontinuous cubic structures that they are composed of intertwined right‐ and left‐handed single gyroids, we propose that the simultaneous presence of both R‐ and S‐atropisomers is an important contributor to the formation of double‐gyroid structures.
Azaruthena(II)‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptadien: Schlüsselintermediat für Ruthenaelektro(II/III/I)‐katalysierte Alkinanellierungen
Authors: Yang Long , Steinbock Ralf , Scheremetjew Alexej , Kuniyil Rositha , Finger Lars H. , Messinis Antonis M. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEine rutheniumkatalysierte elektrochemische dehydrierende Anellierung von Imidazolen mit Alkinen wurde entwickelt. Dies ermöglichte es, verschiedene Brückenkopf‐N‐verknüpfte [5,6]‐bicyclische Heteroarylverbindungen mithilfe einer regioselektiven C‐H/N‐H‐Anellierung und ohne chemische Metalloxidantien herzustellen. Neuartige Azaruthena(II)‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene wurden vollständig charakterisiert und als Schlüsselintermediate identifiziert. Mechanistische Studien sprechen für eine oxidationsinduzierte reduktive Eliminierung mit Ruthenium(II/III).
Shimalactone Biosynthesis Involves Spontaneous Double Bicyclo‐Ring Formation with 8π‐6π Electrocyclization
Authors: Fujii Isao , Hashimoto Makoto , Konishi Kaori , Unezawa Akiko , Sakuraba Haruka , Suzuki Kenta , Tsushima Harue , Iwasaki Miho , Yoshida Satsuki , Kudo Akane , Fujita Rina , Hichiwa Aika , Saito Koharu , Asano Takashi , Ishikawa Jun , Wakana Daigo , Goda Yukihiro , Watanabe Ayumi , Watanabe Mamoru , Masumoto Yui , Kanazawa Junichiro , Sato Hajime , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractShimalactones A and B are neuritogenic polyketides possessing characteristic oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene ring systems that are produced by the marine fungus Emericella variecolor GF10. We identified a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster and conducted heterologous expression analysis. Expression of ShmA polyketide synthase in Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the production of preshimalactone. Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants expressing ShmA and ShmB produced shimalactones A and B, thus suggesting that the double bicyclo‐ring formation reactions proceed non‐enzymatically from preshimalactone epoxide. DFT calculations strongly support the idea that oxabicyclo‐ring formation and 8π‐6π electrocyclization proceed spontaneously after opening of the preshimalactone epoxide ring through protonation. We confirmed the formation of preshimalactone epoxide in vitro, followed by its non‐enzymatic conversion to shimalactones in the dark.