bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Reproductive Behavior
Authors: Anholt Robert R H , O’Grady Patrick , Wolfner Mariana F , Harbison Susan T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Behaviors associated with reproduction are major contributors to the evolutionary success of organisms and are subject to many evolutionary forces, including natural and sexual selection, and sexual conflict. Successful reproduction involves a range of behaviors, from finding an appropriate mate, courting, and copulation, to the successful production and (in oviparous animals) deposition of eggs following mating. As a consequence, behaviors and genes associated with reproduction are often under strong selection and evolve rapidly. Courtship rituals in flies follow a multimodal pattern, mediated through visual, chemical, tactile, and auditory signals. Premating behaviors allow males and females to assess the species identity, reproductive state, and condition of their partners. Conflicts between the “interests” of individual males, and/or between the reproductive strategies of males and females, often drive the evolution of reproductive behaviors. For example, seminal proteins transmitted by males often show evidence of rapid evolution, mediated by positive selection. Postmating behaviors, including the selection of oviposition sites, are highly variable and Drosophila species span the spectrum from generalists to obligate specialists. Chemical recognition features prominently in adaptation to host plants for feeding and oviposition. Selection acting on variation in pre-, peri-, and postmating behaviors can lead to reproductive isolation and incipient speciation. Response to selection at the genetic level can include the expansion of gene families, such as those for detecting pheromonal cues for mating, or changes in the expression of genes leading to visual cues such as wing spots that are assessed during mating. Here, we consider the evolution of reproductive behavior in Drosophila at two distinct, yet complementary, scales. Some studies take a microevolutionary approach, identifying genes and networks involved in reproduction, and then dissecting the genetics underlying complex behaviors in D. melanogaster. Other studies take a macroevolutionary approach, comparing reproductive behaviors across the genus Drosophila and how these might correlate with environmental cues. A full synthesis of this field will require unification across these levels.
MODUL VIRTUAL BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Pratama Rifqi 
Published: January 2020

VIRTUAL MODULE BASED ON GUIDED INQUIRY TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY AbstractThe use of virtual module was aimed to develop students’ independent learning that may lead to their critical thinking ability. Guided inquiry is a model that directs students to find facts through existing data and through experimental results. Guided inquiry-based virtual module was then developed in order to systematically help students to increase their critical thinking, particularly in the concept of thermochemical material. This study uses control group pretest-posttest design. Students' critical thinking skills are measured through learning outcomes. Based on the results of the analysis using the Mann-Whitney test there are differences on the students’ ability in the experimental class and control class. While students of both class shows an increase in their critical thinking, students of the experiment class show more effective in dealing with the improvement. Therefore, it is summarized that guided inquiry-based virtual learning can improve students' critical thinking skills. AbstrakModul virtual adalah sebuah bahan ajar yang disajikan untuk peserta didik agar dapat belajar secara mandiri yang disusun secara sistematis untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran tertentu yang disajikan ke dalam format elektronik yang di dalamnya terdapat animasi, simulasi, gambar, serta navigasi yang membuat pengguna lebih interaktif, aktif, inovatif, dan menyenangkan dalam proses belajar yang mana dapat mengarahkan peserta didik agar berpikir secara kritis. Inkuiri terbimbing merupakan model yang mengarahkan peserta didik menemukan fakta melalui data yang ada serta melalui hasil eksperimen. Modul virtual berbasiskan model ini digunkan didalam proses belajar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada materi Termokimia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Control group pre test-post test design. Kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik diukur melalui hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney terdapat perbedaan pada kelas eksperimen yang diajarkan menggunakan dengan modul virtual berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dengan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing tanpa modul virtual. Hasil analisis menunjukkan masing-masing kelas terdapat peningkatan dalam berpikir kritis tetapi pada kelas eksperimen peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis lebih efektif dari kelas kontrol, maka pembelajaran dengan modul virtual berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
MODEL KELAS MULTIDIMENSIONAL: INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
Authors: Qamila Fairus 
Published: January 2020

MULTIDIMENSIONAL CLASS MODELS: INNOVATION LESSONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY TO IMPROVE SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES AbstractThe 21st century learning is an effort to facilitate students in the 21st century to get the best learning experience so they can achieve learning goals effectively. This research is aimed to recognize the enhancement of science student learning achivement with implementation of multidimensional classroom model. This research used a classroom action research from Kemmis and MC Taggart. The sample of 28 students. The research was done in three cycle. The percentage achivement every cycle was increased. By looking at the result obtained in each cycle, it can be concluded that there was enhancement of science student learning achivement with implementation of multidimensional classroom model. AbstrakPembelajaran abad 21 merupakan upaya memfasilitasi peserta didik di abad 21 untuk mengalami pengalaman belajar terbaik sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA dengan menerapkan model kelas multidimensional. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) model Kemmis dan MC. Taggart. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 28 siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 3 siklus. Persentase ketuntasan pada setiap siklus terus meningkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA dengan menerapkan Model kelas Multidimensional.
The effect of Vitamin B6 on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer
Authors: Mousavi-Hasanzadeh Morteza , Adelnia Arefeh , Farokhmehr Golrokh , Mehrabi Sarvenaz , Zahedi Sima , Eghbali Aygin , Eghbali Aziz. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Nausea and vomiting are the common side-effects of chemotherapy in children with malignancy. In this study, the effectiveness of vitamin B6 in reducing the chemo-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children was tested.
Material and methods: A triple-blind clinical trials was performed on 100 children with malignancy referring to the pediatric clinic of Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. Besides the infusion of granisetron (3mg/3ml) half an hour before each chemotherapy cycle, an intravenous dose of vitamin B6 (100 mg for children from 2 to 5 years old, 200 mg for children from 5 to 10 years old, and 300 mg for children older than 10) was given 6 hours before the first chemotherapy cycle and placebo was injected (2-5 years old: 100 mg, 5-10 years old: 200 mg, age≥ 10 years old: 300mg) 6 hours before the second cycle. Then the severity of nausea and the frequency of vomiting episodes in each cycle were recorded to be compared.
Results: The mean age of children was 7.98 ± 3.133 years old. The most common and rare malignancy were acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (46%) and ependymoma (0.5%), respectively. Vincristin was the most commonly used chemotherapy agent (28%). A positive correlation between the severity of nausea(R=0.313, P-value=0.0016) and frequency of vomiting with age was found (R=0.319, P-value=0.0012). However, no noticeable association was observed between N/V and gender (P-value.0.05). There was a considerable correlation between the frequency of vomiting and different tumor types in this study (P-value=0.0006).In comparison with placebo, Vitamin B6 significantly reduced the severity of nausea (P = 0.0001) as well as the frequency of vomiting (P-value = 0.0005). It was also more effective in ALL compared to rhabdomyosarcoma (P-value=0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggested that vitamin B6 can be considered as an appropriate alternative to treat CINV in children with malignancy.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Mahasiswa Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Pada Pembuatan Model Molekul dari Limbah Anorganik
Authors: Apipah Siti Nurlelah , Farida Ida , Sari  
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan aktivitas mahasiswa, dan menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa melalui lembar kerja berbasis proyek pada pembuatan model molekul dari limbah. Metode yang digunakan adalah one-shot case study dengan subyek mahasiswa semester VI Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung yang berjumlah 26 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas mahasiswa mencapai kategori sangat baik dengan persentase rata-rata 100%; tahap mengidentifikasi masalah, membuat desain, melaksanakan penelitian, dan menyusun draf/prototype mencapai kategori sangat baik dengan persentase 87%; tahap mengukur, menilai dan memperbaiki produk mencapai kategori cukup dengan persentase 83%. tahap finalisasi dan publikasi produk mencapai kategori baik dengan persentase 89%; Kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan lembar kerja berbasis proyek mencapai nilai rata-rata 85 yang berada dalam level 4 termasuk kedalam kategori sangat kreatif.
Kata kunci
Model molekul, limbah, berpikir kreatif, lembar kerja berbasis proyek
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis Permasalahan Lingkungan dengan Pendekatan Problem Based Learning pad Materi Kelarutan dan Hasil Kali Kelarutan
Authors: Rahmawati Dian , Purwanto Agung , Rahman Arif 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran kimia berupa modul pembelajaran berbasis permasalahan lingkungan dengan pendekatan problem-based learning pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan yang layak guna. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Ada 4 tahapan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, yaitu analisis pendahuluan, perencanaan dan pengembangan produk, uji validasi produk oleh ahli, serta uji coba produk pada peserta didik dan guru. Modul pembelajaran disusun dengan menerapkan pendekatan problem-based learning. Penyajian masalah dan kegiatan belajar dirancang secara sistematis dengan tampilan yang menarik untuk meningkatkan minat peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil validasi ahli materi, ahli bahasa dan ahli media masing-masing menunjukan hasil sangat baik dengan persentase penilaian 93,98%, 86,03% dan 88,39%. Hasil uji coba modul oleh peserta didik mendapatkan penilaian kelayakan sangat baik dengan persentasi 78,89% dan hasi uji coba guru juga mendapatkan penialaian sangat baik dengan persentase 96,83%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis permasalahan lingkungan dengan pendekatan problem-based learning pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan yang dikembangkan sangat baik dan sudah layak untuk digunakan dalam poses pembelajaran kimia di sekolah.
Kata kunci: Modul Pembelajaran, Pendekatan Problem Based Learning, Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis Lingkungan, Kelarutan dan Hasil Kali Kelarutan
Husbands’ experience and perception of supporting their wives during childbirth in Tanzania
Authors: Kashaija Denis Kampayana , Mselle Lilian Teddy , Mkoka Dickson Ally 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background : In order improve the quality of birth care and women satisfaction with birthing process it is recommended that every woman should be offered the option to experience labour and childbirth with a companion of her choice. Involving husbands as decision makers in the household may a play role in reducing maternal mortality which is unacceptably high despite the targeted goal to reduce these mortality as targeted in the MDGs by 2015. This is still addressed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2015/30. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of husbands’ support of their wives during pregnancy, labour and deliveries in Tanzania.
Methods: Qualitative descriptive study design was employed; involving men aged between 24 and 63 years. Participants were selected purposefully at the clinic and in labour ward of SekouToure Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). The in-depth interview, guided by semi structured interview guide was used to collect the audio recorded and hand written information. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis
Results; Nine (9) semi-structured interviews were conducted with husbands of women attended for antenatal care and those came for deliveries. Four themes emerged; Demonstrating care, love and affection, adopting modern life style, observing women’s right and meeting social economic difficulties. Husbands’ support to their partners is a good behaviour practiced during matrimonial lives. Husbands who support their partners during pregnancy and delivery consider themselves as being modern men as they at home take duties beside their usual tasks to let their wives have adequate time to rest during pregnancy. Poor road infrastructure makes difficult to get transport to the healthcare facility especially when labour is imminent. Also ward infrastructure is not supportive to accommodate husbands when they accompany their wives to the healthcare facility.
Conclusion s; The healthcare settings in low income countries need to accommodate men during the routine antenatal and intranatal care for the positive outcome of labour and delivery. Exploratory research should be conducted to understand how education and urbanisation affects men involvement in maternal and child health specifically in the low income countries.
Relationship between bodyweight and spinopelvic alignment in Chinese adult people: A pilot study
Authors: Zhang QingXi , Gao FuQiang , Wang YunTing , Li ZiRong , Koji Ozaki , Sun Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: With the increase of people in obesity, which may affect the alignment of spinopelvic, we designed this study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between spinal alignment and the bodyweight parameters in healthy Chinese adult volunteers. That has not been systematically studied yet.
Methods: This pilot study included 100 Chinese healthy adult volunteers (36 males and 64 females) who were grouped according to gender. The obesity parameters measured were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) , sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), transverse abdominal diameter (TAD) and RR (the ratio of SAD to TAD). The sagittal spinopelvic parameters included Anchorpelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic angulation (PA), sacral slope (SS), sacral inclination (SI), lumbar lordosis (LL) and the disc angle of L5/S1. The coronal spinopelvic parameters included the Cobb angel of the major curve of the spine, lumbar scoliosis (LS) and pelvic obliquity (PO). Pearson’s correlation analysis was used.
Results: The mean BMI of the males and females was 28.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2 and 26.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2 respectively; mean WC, 88.39 ± 9 cm and 82.6 ± 2.7 cm respectively. In the females, strong correlation was found between BMI and PI, WC and PT, and WC and PI. In the males, no strong correlation was found between the obesity and spinopelvic alignment parameters. RR showed a positive linear correlation with PA and PT in both groups. None of the coronal spinopelvic parameters showed a correlation with the obesity parameters in either group.
Conclusions: BMI and WC had a strong influence on some spinopelvic parameters, especially in females. In individuals with abdominal obesity, the sagittal spinopelvic alignment is likely to change, but there is little effect on the coronal spinopelvic alignment.
Central line bundle including split-septum device and single-use prefilled flushing syringes for prevention of port associated bloodstream infections:A cost and resource utilization analysis
Authors: Devrim Ilker , Ozkul Mustafa T , Çağlar İlknur , Oruç Yeliz , Demiray Nevbahar , Tahta Neryal , Vergin Canan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Central line bundle programs were found to be effective in decreasing central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in pediatric cancer patients with ports. However, cost-effectiveness studies of central line bundle programs in pediatric cancer patients are limited, and most available data are from intensive care unit or adult studies. Methods: In this six years cross-sectional study, comprehensive assessment of total health care costs attributable to CLABSI's associated with ports between two periods. Results: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the pediatric hematology-oncology ward of Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital from 1 August November 2011 to 31 July 2017. The CLABSI rates decreased significantly from 8.31 CLABSIs to 3.04 per 1000 central line days (p<0.001). In the prebundle period, total attributable costs spent for of patients with CLABSI were $130661, and in the bundle period, total attributable costs spent for patients with CLABSI were $116579. Within bundle implantation, 71 potential CLABSI were prevented, which saved an additional $208977. Conclusion: Our study shows that central line bundles decreases not only the CLABSI rate but also decreases attributable costs due to CLABSI. Expenses spent for bundle elements, were covered by savings by preventing CLABSI with higher costs
Analytical Strategies for Failure Time Data with a Cured Fraction
Authors: An Sheng-li , Huang Fuqiang , Kang Pei , Liu Yingxin , Huang Fu-qiang , Liu Ying-xin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Some failure time data comes from a population that consists of some subjects that are susceptible to and others that are non-susceptible to the event of interest. The data typically have heavy censoring at the end of the follow-up period, and a traditional survival analysis would not always be appropriate. Yet it is commonly seen in literatures.
Methods: We carry out simulation studies to compare the performances of Cox’s PH model with proportional hazards mixture cure (PHMC) model and accelerated failure model (AFT model) with AFT mixture cure (AFTMC) model respectively. Then we apply the models to the datasets of Lung Cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) phase III clinical trial E1684.
Results: When the cured rate is 0, the estimated bias, confidence interval capture rate, and K index of PHMC and AFTMC model are close to Cox’s PH and AFT model respectively. The MSE of PHMC model is slightly larger than Cox’s PH model and of AFTMC model are similar to AFT model. When survival data has a substantial proportion of subjects being cured, the absolute value of Bias and MSE in PHMC and AFTMC model are always smaller than Cox’s PH and AFT model respectively. The confidence interval capture rate of PHMC and AFTMC model are always closer to the acceptable range than Cox’s PH and AFT model. The K index of PHMC and AFTMC model are always greater than Cox’s PH and AFT model.
Conclusions: The PHMC and AFTMC model do not have obvious advantages for time-to-event data without a cured fraction. In this case, it is recommended to utilize Cox’s PH or AFT model for analysis. If some subjects are non-susceptible to the event of interest in the data, it is recommended to utilize PHMC or AFTMC model for analysis, however, which may need a sufficient sample size.
Keywords: Cox’s PH model, PHMC model, AFT model, AFTMC model, cure model
Referrals to a pediatric emergency room of a tertiary care teaching hospital before and after introduction of a referral education module- a qualitative study&nbsp;
Authors: Ezhumalai Gopalakrishnan , Muralidharan Jayashree , Bansal Arun , Nallasamy Karthi , Bharti Bhavneet 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Provision of timely care to critically ill children is essential for good outcome. With development of specialized pediatric critical care units, referral from community and smaller peripheral hospitals has received greater impetus. Our tertiary care hospital caters to referrals from a wide geographical area. Since there is no standard referral and feedback system in India, we decided to evaluate the quality of referrals coming to our Emergency Room (ER) with respect to their demography, association with severity of illness and mortality. We plan to use this data to establish a standard referral and feedback process to streamline our ER referrals. Methods: Our study was completed in three phases in Pediatric ER;Pre-intervention, Intervention and Post intervention phases. Quality of referrals was graded by granting one score to presence of each item when matched with a quality checklist performa. A referral was graded ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’ if it scored >7, 5 –7 and < 5 points respectively. Case studies, expert opinions, and lacunae observed in first phase were taken into consideration while preparing the referral education module, that was administered to health care providers of referring hospitals. Quality of referrals was compared between pre and post intervention phases. Results: Majority of inpatient admissions were ‘referred’ patients (99.3%). Most referrals belonged to the neighboring states of Punjab (48.2%) and Haryana (22.4%). Major referrals were from public sector hospitals (80.9%) of which the teaching hospitals topped the list (53.6%). Most common mode of transport was government run ambulance services(85.5%) and the common reason for referral was need for PICU bed and/or mechanical ventilation (50.4%). The post intervention phase saw a significant decline in the proportion of poor referrals (93.2 vs.78.2%;p=0.001) and a significant increase in the proportion of fair(6.1 vs 18%; p=0.001)and good referrals (0.7 vs 18%;p=0.001) Proportion of children presenting to triage with physiological decompensation with respect to poor referrals had significantly decreased in post intervention phase [580(79.8%) vs 1025(93.7%); p=0.0001]. Conclusion:Referral education had significantly improved the quality of referrals coming to our ER. Continuing education will be required for sustained and increased benefits. Key words: Quality of referral, Pediatric emergency, Triage