bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ренопротекторний ефект метформіну в щурів із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу реалізується шляхом посилення експресії фактора пігментного епітелію в тканині нирок
Authors: Jiarui Liu , Shuangjie Bi , Shandong Ye 
Published: February 2020

Актуальність. Діабетична нефропатія стала основною причиною термінальної стадії ниркової недостатності. Фактор пігментного епітелію (ФПЕ) є ендогенним протизапальним фактором in vivo, що може пригнічувати експресію патогенних чинників трансформуючого фактора росту β1 и фактора росту сполучної тканини, а також продукцію білка позаклітинного матриксу в нирці за наявності цукрового діабету. Мета дослідження: вивчити вплив метформіну на експресію ФПЕ у тканині нирок щурів із цукровим діабетом 2­го типу і встановити його можливі основні захисні механізми при ураженні нирок. Матеріали та методи. Десять самців щурів лінії Sprague­Dawley були рандомізовані як нормальна контрольна група. Цукровий діабет 2­го типу індукували дієтою з високим вмістом жиру і внутрішньоперитонеальним введенням 30 мг/кг стрептозотоцину. Загалом 30 щурів із діабетом 2­го типу були розподілені на 3 групи, які отримували метформін 300 мг/(кг • д) (група МЕТ, n = 10), глібенкламід 5 мг/(кг • д) (група ГЛІ, n = 10) або фізіологічний розчин (група ФР, n = 10) шляхом введення протягом восьми тижнів. Аналізували різні біохімічні показники, дані гістопатологічного дослідження нирок і рівні експресії ФПЕ у нирковій тканині. Результати. На восьмому тижні рівні глюкози крові натще (ГН), глікованого гемоглобіну (HbA1c), тригліцеридів, екскреції альбуміну із сечею і ФПЕ, сироваткового креатиніну й азоту сечовини крові в групі МЕТ і групі ГЛІ вірогідно знизилися порівняно з групою ФР, вірогідних відмінностей у показниках глюкози крові натщесерце і глікованого гемоглобіну між групою МЕТ і групою ГЛІ не виявлено. При гістологічному дослідженні виявлено поліпшення гломерулярних патологічних змін, спричинених цукровим діабетом, після лікування МЕТ і ГЛІ порівняно з групою ФР. Крім того, зменшувалася екскреція альбуміну із сечею і ФПЕ, спостерігалася менша вираженість патологічних змін у клубочках і підвищувалася експресія білка і мРНК ФПЕ ниркової тканини в групі MЕТ порівняно з групою ГЛІ. Висновки. Метформін знижує екскрецію альбуміну із сечею в діабетичних щурів, покращує морфологію і зменшує вираженість структурних уражень подоцитів. Це може бути частково пов’язане з його роллю у відновленні експресії ФПЕ та інгібуванні екскреції ФПЕ із сечею.
Статеві й вікові особливості змін імунологічних показників у хворих на рак щитоподібної залози і хворих на токсичний зоб після радіойодотерапії
Authors: Zakharchenko T.F. , Gulevaty S.V. , Volinets I.P. 
Published: February 2020

Мета: провести порівняльний аналіз цитотоксичної активності NK-клітин і метаболічної активності нейтрофілів (НФ) до і після радіойодотерапії (РЙТ) у хворих на диференційований рак щитоподібної залози (ДРЩЗ) залежно від статі, віку, наявності віддалених метастазів і у хворих на токсичний зоб (ТЗ) залежно від статі. Матеріали та методи. Визначили імунологічні показники в трьох групах тиреоїдектомованих хворих із ДРЩЗ. У групу 1 ввійшли 48 осіб (30 жінок, 18 чоловіків) молодого віку (від 11 до 39 років) без віддалених метастазів ДРЩЗ. Групу 2 становили 40 хворих (23 жінки, 17 чоловіків) молодого віку (від 16 до 40 років) із віддаленими метастазами ДРЩЗ. Групу 3 становили 55 хворих (30 жінок, 25 чоловіків) старшого віку (від 41 до 75 років) із віддаленими метастазами ДРЩЗ. Середня кількість курсів РЙТ у жінок групи 1 становила 1,10 ± 0,04, у чоловіків — 1,50 ± 0,24, у жінок групи 2 — 5,4 ± 0,7, у чоловіків — 6,3 ± 0,8. У хворих старшого віку (група 3) середня кількість курсів РЙТ у жінок становила 5,4 ± 0,3, у чоловіків — 5,5 ± 0,7. Визначали імунологічні показники в 30 хворих (22 жінки, 8 чоловіків) із ТЗ віком від 23 до 67 років. Хворі на ТЗ отримали курс РЙТ. Імунологічне дослідження проводили напередодні й у ранній термін (5 чи 6 діб) після РЙТ. Цитотоксичну активність NК-клітин проти індикаторних клітин-мішеней визначали, використовуючи спектрофотометрію. Метаболічну активність НФ досліджували в стандартному тесті відновлення нітросинього тетразолію. Результати. У ранній термін після РЙТ активність NK-клітин знижується в чоловіків молодого віку групи 1. У чоловіків молодого віку групи 2 активність NК-клітин після РЙТ знижується більшою мірою, ніж у групі 1. Активність NК-клітин у чоловіків старшого віку (група 3) і до, і після РЙТ істотно нижча, ніж у жінок, і значно нижча, ніж у чоловіків молодого віку. Після РЙТ метаболічна активність НФ у хворих на ДРЩЗ чоловіків і жінок збільшується в групі 1 і в чоловіків групи 2. У жінок групи 1 цей показник значно більший, ніж у чоловіків. У чоловіків і жінок групи 2 метаболічна активність НФ після РЙТ істотно менша, ніж у хворих групи 1. У хворих на ТЗ осіб чоловічої статі активність NK-клітин напередодні РЙТ нижча, а метаболічна активність НФ значно вища, ніж у жінок. Після РЙТ збільшення активності NК-клітин у хворих на ТЗ більшою мірою відбувається в осіб жіночої статі, а метаболічної активності НФ — в осіб чоловічої статі. Висновки. Порівняльний аналіз результатів дослідження раннього впливу 131І на цитотоксичну активність NK-клітин і метаболічну активність НФ виявив особливості змін цих показників у хворих на ДРЩЗ залежно від віку, статі, наявності віддалених метастазів, у хворих на ТЗ — залежно від статі.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLET OF MELOXICAM USING NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANTS
Authors: V PAWAR CHETAN , S MUTHA SWATI , V BHISE SAGAR , D BORAWAKE PAYAL 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the present work was the preparation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs) of meloxicam using natural superdisintegrants.
Methods: Meloxicam is BCS Class II (low soluble, and high permeable) drug increasing the dissolution properties of the poorly water-soluble drug meloxicam using a solid dispersion method (solvent evaporation method). Solvent evaporation method using drug and carrier as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 and PEG-15,000 the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 (drug:carrier), and acetone as solvent. In house prepared banana powder were used as natural superdisintegrant. Manufacturing of MDT was done by the direct compression method. In this MDTs, various excipients were used such as mannitol used as the diluent, sodium saccharin used as a sweetening agent, Avicel pH-102 used as a binding agent, and talc and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) used as lubricant and glidant. The best formula of the tablet was selected according to the disintegration time (DT) and friability tests.
Results: The results have shown that an increase in the meloxicam solubility was obtained using solid dispersion with the solvent evaporation method using PEG-15000 as a carrier in the ratio of 1:2 (drug:carrier). Taste masking was also done by a solid dispersion method. Tablet prepared with in house prepared banana powder gave less DT (70 s) as compared to tablet prepared with branded banana powder (80 s), but formulation F5 failed in friability testing. Improved strength of tablet obtained using SLS (<1%) also showed an increase in the dissolution performance of the tablet in formulation F6. This F6 formulation having 10% natural super disintegrating agent (in house prepared banana powder) has shown 99% cumulative drug release within 18 min. It also passed the friability test.
Conclusion: Accordingly, the solubility of meloxicam was successfully enhanced through solid dispersion with carrier PEG-15,000 and formulated as a MDT to improve its oral absorption. PEG has also been used as a taste masking agent in these formulations. It was concluded that in house banana powder had excellent DT as compared to branded banana powder. Banana powder is “economical” and “easily available” than other commonly used synthetic superdisintegrants. The process of banana powder preparation is eco friendly. The meloxicam MDT formulated with natural superdisintegrant in house prepared banana powder found to pass all pharmacopeial tests.
STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SOFOSBUVIR, VELPATASVIR, AND VOXILAPREVIR IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: PADMINI M VENKATA , D GOWRI SANKAR 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a novel, simple, rapid accurate and precise, stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir in bulk and tablet dosage forms.
Methods: The chromatographic elution was achieved in isocratic mode using the combination of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir in the ratio of acetonitrile and water (65:35%v/v) using a Phenomenex C18 column which has specification (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) and the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and wavelength (ultraviolet) detection at 220 nm.
Results: The retention time obtained for sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir was 2.213 min, 2.568 min, and 2.917 min, respectively. Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir and their combination drug product were exposed to acidic, alkali, thermal, photolytic, and oxidative stress conditions. The current method was validated according to the ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, and sensitivity.
Conclusion: The method developed is more sensitive, accurate, precise, and robust then the methods reported earlier. Retention time and run time were decreased; hence, the method is economical simple and precise. Forced degradation studies indicated for the suitability of the method for stability studies of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir. The proposed method can be used for routine quality control analysis test in pharmaceutical industries.
VAGINAL AND ORAL MISOPROSTOL FOLLOWING MIFEPRISTONE ADMINISTRATION IN MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY UP TO 49 DAYS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: VARDAINI DIVYA 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy, safety, adverse effects, and patient compliance of vaginal versus oral misoprostol in medical termination of pregnancy after tablet misoprostol up to 49 days of gestation.
Methods: A comparative study of 100 patients divided randomly assigned to two control groups.
Results: The study showed that 200 mg mifepristone followed by 800 mcg vaginal misoprostol is more effective for medical termination in gestational age up to 49 days as compared to 200 mg mifepristone followed by 400 mcg oral misoprostol.
Conclusion: While both routes of administration are safe, gastrointestinal side effects are more with oral misoprostol. The vaginal route is more acceptable to the patients enrolled in the study.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS REGARDING METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS COMPONENTS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS
Authors: NEHA CHIGULAPALLI , DV KRISHNA VENI , VEMURI SOUNDARYA , SRAVYA REDDY  
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness about metabolic syndrome (Met S) and its components among the 1st year physiotherapy students and also the difference in the level of knowledge and awareness among male and female students.
Methods: A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of 90 questions about components of Met S was distributed among 38 students studying 1st year physiotherapy at Apollo College of Physiotherapy, Hyderabad, after obtaining a written consent from them. The data extracted were tabulated, statistically analyzed and results were obtained.
Results: Physiotherapy students have good knowledge about types and causes of diabetes and poor knowledge about symptoms, biochemical process, and complications of Met S. They expressed poor knowledge to understand the link between hypertension and pregnancy. They could understand the role of hereditary factors only in diabetes but not in other components.
Conclusion: Met S is a common disorder in the society; therefore, the awareness should be raised among the student population and as paramedics, it is their responsibility to communicate with the public about the risk factors and complications associated with it and counsel them to adopt a healthy lifestyle to protect themselves from the complications.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF CANNA INDICA L. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC MODEL
Authors: YADAV PRASHANT KUMAR , SS SISODIA 
Published: February 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the leaf extract of Canna indica L. in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model. The present investigation indicated that the leaf of C. indica L. possessed significant antihyperglycemic potential which may prove the claimed use of the plant in amelioration of diabetes.
Methods: Male Swiss albino mice fasted for 12–14 h and weights were recorded prior to the induction of diabetes. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of STZ, freshly dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH=4.5). Then, the solution was immediately administered intraperitoneally to each mouse. Thirty minutes after the injection, the mice were allowed free access to food and water. After 6 h STZ injection, mice were given a 5% dextrose solution for the next 24 h. The development of diabetes was confirmed after 3 days of the STZ injection and mice with fasting blood glucose level (BGL) >200 mg/dl were considered as diabetic and were selected for the experiments. After successfully developing the diabetes animals were divided into six groups and each group contains six mice. Group I: Normal control mice administered vehicle only; Group II: Diabetic control mice administered vehicle only; Group III: Tested mice administered glibenclamide 5 mg/kg; and Group IV–VI: Tested mice administered C. indica L. at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. All groups received treatments once daily for 14 days. The fasting BGL and body weight were determined at 0, 7th, and 14th days.
Results: The effect of C. indica L. on BGL having significant (p<0.05 and p<0.001) reduction in BGL starting 1 h when compared to the negative control. Administration of glucose (2 g/kg) to the mice produced significant (p<0.001) increase in BGL 30 min following 1 h after glucose loading, confirming the induction of hyperglycemia. The extract with three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in BGL. The phytochemical screening of the leaves extract was done for the presence of alkaloid, saponin, terpene, carbohydrate, steroid, protein, cholesterol, flavonoids. Amino acid was absent in C. indica L. leaves.
Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that the alcohol extracts of C. indica L. leaves possess significant antihyperglycemic effects.
SUBMICROSCOPIC CHROMOSOMAL VARIATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH IDIOPATHIC INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
Authors: JOHN NEETHA , PSVN SHARMA , MOKA RAJASEKHAR 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Intellectual disability is the most common developmental disorder that originates before the age of 18 years and is characterized by limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. The fact that >30 to 50% of all causes are still unknown in etiology is increasing the burden of the clinical evaluators and managers handling these children. The purpose of this study was to have an optimal genetic diagnostic evaluation to assist paediatricians in providing medical advice for children with intellectual disabilities and global developmental delays.
Methods: The study was initiated with 385 cases; however, only 201 cases had no cytogenetic abnormality and negative for PCR test for FXS. However, these subjects showed characteristic signs of facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, mild to severe intellectual disability, which were unique and unspecific with lack of major hallmarks for any particular syndrome/phenotype, considered as “idiopathic” and tested for MLPA analysis and subsequently confirmed by FISH and RT-qPCR.
Results: A total of 23 (11.44%) cases were found to have submicroscopic chromosomal variations [microdeletions (18 cases), microduplications (5 cases)]. We categorized the aberrations detected in these cases as novel and as variants of uncertain significance. All these cases showed clear evidence for segregation of the variation and were provided with the required genetic counselling.
Conclusion: MLPA method gives a better yield in combination with karyotype analysis. The detection rate as per current analysis suggests that the use of MLPA could be a robust, high throughput yet cost-effective technique for use in a diagnostic set up.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF SECOISOLARICIRESINOL DIGLUCOSIDE ON HT-29, PA-1 CELL LINES, AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
Authors: DADDALA GUNABHUSHANA , A SWAROOPARANI 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity and α- amylase inhibitory activity of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG).
Methods: The cytotoxic activity was conducted on HT-29 (human colon cancer cell line) and PA-1 (human ovarian cancer cell line) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and the α- amylase inhibitory activity using acarbose as a standard. Both the tests were evaluated at different concentrations, 3.125–100 μg/ml and 50–2000 μg correspondingly and the concentration required for a 50% inhibition of viability (IC50) was determined graphically. The effect of the samples on the proliferation of HT-29 and PA-1 was expressed as the percentage cell viability.
Results: SDG exhibited a considerable dose- and time-dependent inhibition on both HT-29 and PA-1 and also observed a concentration-dependent α-amylase inhibitory activity that leads in reduction of starch hydrolysis and hence eventually to lowered glucose levels.
Conclusion: The present in vitro study concluded that SDG can be a potent anticancer and moderate hyperglycemic component.
PHYTOTOXIC, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTILEISHMANIAL ACTIVITIES OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA FROM CHITWAN DISTRICT NEPAL
Authors: RAJ SHARMA KHAGA 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antileishmanial, and phytotoxic activities and estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta collected from Chitwan district of Nepal using in vitro studies.
Methods: Methanol extract of the plant was prepared by cold percolation method. Screening of secondary metabolites was performed by color differentiation methods. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the plant extract was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay in which percentage scavenging and inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated. Furthermore, antileishmanial and phytotoxic activity was evaluated by adopting the standard protocols. Phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated using Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method.
Results: The antileishmanial activity of the methanolic extract of E. hirta showed low leishmanicidal activity IC50 68.1±1.2 μg/ml standard deviation (SD) as compared to the standard drugs amphotericin B 0.29±0.05 μg/ml SD and pentamidine 5.09±0.09 μg/ml SD. The radical scavenging activity shows IC50=29.23±0.21 μg/ml SD which is found potent than the standard ascorbic acid IC50=45.93 μg/ml. The extract of E. hirta contains high value of total phenolic content milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram (138.10±4.90 mg GAE/g SD) and flavonoid content milligram quercetin equivalent per gram (11.54±0.00 mg QE/g SD). The plant extract exhibits weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (9.0 mm), Bacillus subtilis (11.0 mm), Escherichia coli (9.0 mm), and Salmonella Typhi (9.0 mm) at a concentration of 10.0 mg/ml in which 50 μl was loaded per well. Plant extract exhibits moderate phytotoxic activity with the number of fronds 3, 10, and 14 against the different concentrations of plant extract.
Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study have put forward E. hirta into promising herbs with good antioxidant activities, moderate phytotoxic activity, and potential source of antibacterial agent with a significant amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Although the plant extract shows the potent biological activity, further studies are needed to assess its mechanism of action.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF ELEPHANTOPUS SCABER MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST MCF-7, A-549, SCC-40, AND COLO-205 HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: S SHINDE ASHWINI , MENDHULKAR VIJAY D 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To unearth the applications of nanotechnology in medicine has become imperative with all the advancements in the technique. In the current study, we have attempted to exploit the anticancer ability of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
Methods: The AgNPs were synthesized using 60% methanol (H-MeOH) Elephantopus scaber leaf extract, characterized, and discussed priorly. The effect of AgNPs was studied on the human breast (MCF-7), lung (A-549), oral (SCC-40), and colon (COLO-205) cancer cell lines through sulforhodamine B assay. We also carried out the synergistic activity with standard drug adriamycin (ADR).
Results: According to the results obtained, AgNPs showed good antiproliferative activity with GI50 <10 μg/ml on MCF-7, A-549, and SCC-40 cell lines when compared with the standard drug ADR. However, for COLO-205 cell line, the impact was 17.4 μg/ml and thus the treatment was less effective.
Conclusion: The synergistic effect of AgNPs+ADR was even better for all the four cell lines than that of the AgNPs alone.
Linguagens visuais como pretexto para falar de Relações Étnicas
Authors: Ferreira Edson Dias 
Published: February 2020

O propósito do presente trabalho é construir ou, pelo menos, provocar acerca do potencial que as imagens possuem de estabelecer mediações entre sujeitos/grupos acerca do que os faz se sentirem próximos e capazes de identificar pontos que os diferenciam de outros sujeitos ou grupos nos processos possíveis de contato por eles estabelecidos. Neste sentido, cabe situar o entendimento que trazemos acerca de linguagens visuais e Relações étnicas situando-as naquilo que propõem. Organizado em seis tópicos mais as referências, o texto traz uma Introdução que situa acerca do fio condutor da discussão; nos tópicos seguintes os títulos vão enunciando as discussões que propõem: Imagem e produção visual; Recursos visuais e atividade de ensino; Imagens: produção/reflexão no espaço da festa; Recursos visuais: convergências de ensino, pesquisa e extensão; e Considerações finais. Neste último tópico o texto procura, a partir de uma revisita ao título proposto, estabelecer possíveis entrelaces entre linguagens visuais e relações étnicas.
Palavras-chave: Imagens, Festa, Ensino.