bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Right drug, wrong dosage: insights from the PAVE-AF antithrombotic study in older patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tzeis Stylianos , Savvari Paraskevi , Skiadas Ioannis , Patsilinakos Sotirios , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Kourouklis Spyridon , Kyrikos Sotirios , Tsatiris Konstantinos , Menegas Damianos , Hahalis George , Giannakoulas George ,   the PAVE-AF study group, Chryssos Dimitrios , Diakakis Georgios , Gkouias Konstantinos , Kafkala Krystallenia , Kantziou Maria , Kapetanopoulos Athanasios , Kikas Petros , Kirytopoulos Petros , Korres Dimitrios , Koulouris Efstathios , Kyratlidis Konstantinos , Laina Aggeliki , Lampropoulos Stylianos , Lymperopoulos Georgios , Makrygiannis Dimitrios , Maragiannis Athanasios , Michailidis Theodoros , Mpourni Irini , Nasothymiou Efthymia , Olympios Christoforos , Papadogiannis Dimitrios , Paphianou Eleni , Papoulidis Neofytos , Protogerou Athanasios , Ralli Dionysia , Rigopoulos Panagiotis , Sihlimiris Ilias , Spanodimos Stavros , Stathopoulos Christos , Toumpourleka Maria , Tsigkas Grigorios , Tziakas Dimitrios , Tzimas Thomas , Vrettos Nikiforos , Zafiriou Tsilla , Zafiris Aristides , Zonios Georgios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptimal antithrombotic treatment of older patients is usually impeded by several prevailing misconceptions. The aim of our study was to assess the type, dosage and predictors of antithrombotic therapy in older patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). PAVE-AF was a prospective, cross-sectional study, including NVAF patients ≥ 80 years from 30 participating centers. Demographic data, comorbidities and treatment patterns were documented in a single visit. Patients treated with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were further classified into three dosing categories (recommended, underdosing and overdosing). Among 1018 patients (85.4±4.0 years), 88.4% received anticoagulants (AC), 8% antiplatelets (AP) and 3.6% no treatment. The primary reason for AP administration was physician concern of bleeding followed by patient denial. Patients ≥90 years had two times greater probability to receive AP therapy compared to patients < 90 years. Among patients treated with AC, one third received vitamin K antagonists, while two thirds received NOACs [34.6% apixaban, 9.5% dabigatran and 22.6% rivaroxaban]. Independent predictors of AC prescription over AP or no treatment were low HAS-BLED score, hypertension, labile INR, permanent AF, absence of uncontrolled hypertension, prior stroke/systemic embolism, age and male gender. In total, 37% of NOAC recipients received inappropriate dosage, while the number of patients receiving recommended dosing differed significantly among NOAC subgroups (p < 0.001). In our study, a minority of older NVAF patients received AP or no therapy for stroke prevention. Among patients treated with anticoagulants, two thirds were on NOAC treatment, though with a considerable proportion of inappropriate dosing.
Meditation experience is associated with lower levels of repetitive negative thinking: The key role of self-compassion
Authors: Schlosser Marco , Jones Rebecca , Demnitz-King Harriet , Marchant Natalie L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meditation experience and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in regular meditators with a wide range of experience, and to examine the extent to which self-compassion and mindfulness mediate this relationship. RNT is a transdiagnostic process that is implicated in the development and maintenance of several mental health disorders. Converging evidence suggests that meditation practice is associated with improved mental health and may reduce levels of RNT. Increased levels of self-compassion and mindfulness have been associated with decreased levels of RNT and proposed as theoretically consistent mediators by which meditation practice exerts its beneficial effects; however, they are seldom considered in combination. In a cross-sectional design, 1281 meditators (mean age = 44.7 years, SD = 13.9, 53.7% female) completed questionnaires about meditation experience, RNT, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Linear regression and generalised structural equation models were used to examine the data. Longer duration of meditation experience was associated with lower levels of RNT and higher levels of self-compassion and mindfulness. Meditation experience was associated with RNT indirectly through self-compassion, but not through mindfulness. The results offer preliminary support for longer-term meditation as a potential means for reducing the maladaptive process of RNT. Clinically, self-compassion could be identified as a promising treatment target for interventions.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from basic to clinics
Authors: Qin Hua , Zhao Andong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has occurred in China and around the world. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe pneumonia rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and die of multiple organ failure. Despite advances in supportive care approaches, ARDS is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy may be an potential alternative strategy for treating ARDS by targeting the various pathophysiological events of ARDS. By releasing a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, MSC can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, and pro-angiogenic effects, promote bacterial and alveolar fluid clearance, disrupt the pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cell damage, eventually avoiding the lung and distal organ injuries to rescue patients with ARDS. An increasing number of experimental animal studies and early clinical studies verify the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in ARDS. Since low cell engraftment and survival in lung limit MSC therapeutic potentials, several strategies have been developed to enhance their engraftment in the lung and their intrinsic, therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and optimization of MSC therapy in ARDS and highlighted the potentials and possible barriers of MSC therapy for COVID-19 patients with ARDS.
Overview of Steel Bridges Containing High Strength Steel
Authors: Skoglund Oskar , Leander John , Karoumi Raid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of high strength steel has the potential to reduce the amount of steel used in bridges and thereby, facilitate a more sustainable construction. A survey of existing bridges built using high strength steel is presented in this paper with emphasis on the Swedish bridge stock. The survey aimed at identifying the steel grades that were used and where in the cross-section they have been used. A case study on the influence of fatigue shows that today’s regulations make it more difficult to use high strength steel in comparison to previous regulations.
Counting on Potential Grandparents? Adult Children’s Entry Into Parenthood Across European Countries
Authors: Rutigliano Roberta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs populations age and longevity rises, the structure of the extended family is changing. Parents of young children are increasingly turning to the children’s grandparents to provide childcare and help them reconcile work and family. This study is the first to investigate whether would-be grandparents’ propensity to care for their grandchildren influences the adult children’s transition to parenthood. Because grandparental childcare provision is not observable at the time of the transition to the first birth, I built a measure based on the characteristics of both actual grandparents and adult children to act as a proxy for the childcare that prospective grandparents are expected to provide in the future. Using data from the first two waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe, I examine changes in the likelihood of having a first birth by different levels of expected future childcare provision. Given that the role grandparents play varies depending on the national context, I estimate distinct models for different groups of countries. Furthermore, I analyze different intensities of grandparental childcare: regular, occasional, and any other type of positive childcare. The comparison across 11 countries reveals that grandparental propensity to provide occasional childcare has a positive effect on the transition to parenthood in all country clusters and that grandparental propensity to provide regular childcare has a positive and significant association with having a first child in both pro-natalist (Belgium and France) and pro-traditional countries (Austria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland).
Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicological Evaluations of Bioactive Alkaloidal Extract from Melodinus henryi and Their Main Chemical Constituents
Authors: Yang Meilian , Wang Yudan , Fan Zhifeng , Xue Qingwang , Njateng Guy Sedar Singor , Liu Yaping , Cao Jianxin , Zhao Tianrui , Cheng Guiguang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Melodinus henryi is a good source of terpenoid indole alkaloids, and traditionally used as a folk medicine in the treatment of meningitis and fracture. In order to further exploit their potential uses, its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, safety evaluations and chemical profiles have been illustrated. Compared to the crude methanol extract from M. henryi and its non-alkaloidal fraction, the total alkaloidal fraction (MHTA) had the strongest anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. In the acute oral toxicity assay, the half lethal dose (LD50) of MHTA was more than 2000 mg/kg. The sub-acute toxicity assay for consecutive 28 days exhibited MHTA at a lower concentrations of less than 500 mg/kg might be regarded as safe, and might damage spleen, liver, kidney, and heart when the dose is higher than 1000 mg/kg. In addition, a phytochemical investigation on MHTA led to the isolation of 15 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Thus, in regard with the potent side effects of MHTA, it should be used with caution in the development of phytomedicine.

Graphic Abstract
Overview and methods of correlation filter algorithms in object tracking
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Dongye , Srivastava Gautam , Połap Dawid , Woźniak Marcin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn important area of computer vision is real-time object tracking, which is now widely used in intelligent transportation and smart industry technologies. Although the correlation filter object tracking methods have a good real-time tracking effect, it still faces many challenges such as scale variation, occlusion, and boundary effects. Many scholars have continuously improved existing methods for better efficiency and tracking performance in some aspects. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the background, key technologies and algorithms of single object tracking, this article focuses on the correlation filter-based object tracking algorithms. Specifically, the background and current advancement of the object tracking methodologies, as well as the presentation of the main datasets are introduced. All kinds of methods are summarized to present tracking results in various vision problems, and a visual tracking method based on reliability is observed.
Are Asian elephants afraid of honeybees? Experimental studies in northern Thailand
Authors: Dror Shany , Harich Franziska , Duangphakdee Orawan , Savini Tommaso , Pogány Ákos , Roberts John , Geheran Jessica , Treydte Anna C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn many parts of South and Southeast Asia, rural farmers living at the borders of protected areas frequently encounter Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) raiding their crops and threatening farmers lives and livelihoods. Traditional deterrent methods often have limited success as elephants become habituated or alternate their movement and behavior. While African bees (Apis mellifera scutellate) have been shown to effectively and sustainably deter African elephants (Loxodonta africana) little is known about their Asian counterparts. We conducted two experiments to estimate the effectiveness of bees as an Asian elephant deterrent method. We analyzed the behavioral reaction of seven captive Asian elephants when confronted with a fence ofA. melliferahives blocking their way to a desired source of food. In addition, we explored the defensive reaction of fiveA. ceranahives and sixA. melliferahives to an artificial disturbance during both day and night time. The elephants crossed the beehive fence in 51% of the cases, the probability of crossing increased over time and the number of exposures had a significant effect on an elephant’s crossing probability, indicating that elephants became habituated to the presence of the beehive fence. In the bee experiment, only one out of fiveA. ceranahives and one out of sixA. melliferahives reacted to the disturbance during the daytime, while during nighttime, none of them reacted defensively after being disturbed. We, therefore, conclude that neitherA. melliferanorA. ceranabees are likely to be effective in deterring wild Asian elephants from entering crop fields.
Psychosocial Predictors of Love Satisfaction Among College Students from Madeira
Authors: Soares Luísa , Cruz Orlanda , Oliveira Filipa , Lucas Carla V. , Neto Félix 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examined three sets of psychosocial variables (love styles, perceived social support, and social and emotional loneliness) as predictors of satisfaction with love life among 357 college students from Madeira (57% females). The participants completed four scales, including the Love Attitudes Scale (LAS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Support (MSPSS), the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA-S), and the Satisfaction with Love Life Scale (SWLLS). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the SWLLS among college students in Madeira region. Overall, satisfaction with love life was significantly predicted by indicators of love styles, perceived social support, and social and emotional loneliness, accounting respectively for 51%, 28%, and 60% of the variance being explained. The study provided additional evidence of the importance of love styles, social support and loneliness in satisfaction with love life.
Quartz grain characteristics of the late Pleistocene hard clay in the Yangtze River delta and implications for sedimentary environment and provenance
Authors: Wu Chao , Qian Peng , Zheng Xiangmin , Zhou Limin , Wang Hui , Xu Hongyang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe sedimentologic fingerprinting in detrital deposit is vital to reconstruct sedimentary environments and discriminate sources. In this study, grain size and microtextural characteristics of quartz from the late Pleistocene hard clay in the Yangtze River delta (YRD) were analyzed by using a laser particle size analyzer and a scanning electron microscope. Subaqueous quartz from the Yangtze River and Yellow River sediments and eolian quartz from the Chinese Loess Plateau loess were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to obtain the microtextural characteristics. Quartz grains of the hard clay were characterized by poor sorting, fine skew, bimodal grain-size distributions, and numerous eolian microtextures. The comparison of the quartz grain characteristics of the hard clay with these in eolian loess indicated that the hard clay belonged to an eolian deposition. Moreover, the fine quartz grains of the hard clay were dominated by eolian microtextural characteristics, representing long-distance transportation. The coarse quartz grains of the hard clay exhibited more subaqueous microtextural characteristics, which indicated that the coarse fraction of the hard clay was derived from the proximal source regions in the YRD. The determination of buried eolian deposition with multiple sources in the YRD implies a southward westerly jet stream, strengthened eolian dust transportation, and extensive aridification in the YRD due to the increased Northern Hemisphere ice sheets in Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2.
Higher ultra-processed food intake is associated with higher DNA damage in healthy adolescents
Authors: Edalati Sareh , Bagherzadeh Farzaneh , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Ebrahimi-Mamaghani Mehrangiz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUltra-processed food is one of the main contributors to energy supply and consumption in food systems worldwide, and evidence of their detrimental health outcomes in humans is emerging. This study aimed to assess ultra-processed food intake and its association with urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in 139 healthy adolescents in Karaj City in Iran. Usual dietary intake was measured using a 168-item validated FFQ. The daily intake of ultra-processed food consumption was determined through the classification of NOVA, and general linear models were used to compare the urinary levels of 8-OHdG/creatinine (ng/mg creatinine) within tertiles of ultra-processed food intake. Adolescents in the higher tertile of ultra-processed food consumption had a significantly higher mean level of urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine in comparison with the lower tertiles in the crude model (Pfor trend: 0·003) and after adjustment for confounding variables, including total energy intake, sex, age, BMI for ageZ-score, obesity and physical activity (Pfor trend: 0·004). This association was still significant after adjusting for dietary intake of whole grains, nuts, legumes, the ratio of MUFA:SFA (g/d) and Mediterranean dietary score (Pfor trend: 0·002). More studies are needed to explore the determinants of ultra-processed food supply, demand, consumption and health effects; such studies should be applied to develop evidence-informed policies and regulatory mechanisms to improve children’s and adolescents’ food environment policymaking and legislation with special attention to ultra-processed food.
Changes in plant-based diet quality and health-related quality of life in women
Authors: Baden Megu Y. , Kino Shiho , Liu Xiaoran , Li Yanping , Kim Yongjoo , Kubzansky Laura D. , Pan An , Okereke Olivia I. , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFew studies have evaluated the association between a healthful plant-based diet and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We followed 50 290 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1992–2000) and 51 784 women in NHSII (1993–2001) for 8 years to investigate changes in plant-based diet quality in relation to changes in physical and mental HRQoL. Plant-based diet quality was assessed by three plant-based diet indices: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI) and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). Physical and mental HRQoL were measured by physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Diet was assessed 2 years before the HRQoL measurements and both were updated every 4 years. The associations between 4-year changes in PDIs and HRQoL were evaluated. Each 10-point increase in PDI was associated with an improvement of 0·07 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·13) in PCS and 0·11 (95 % CI 0·05, 0·16) in MCS. A 10-point increase in hPDI was associated with an increment of 0·13 (95 % CI 0·08, 0·19) in PCS and 0·09 (95 % CI 0·03, 0·15) in MCS. Conversely, a 10-point increase in uPDI was associated with decreases in PCS and MCS (−0·07 (95 % CI −0·12, −0·02) and −0·10 (95 % CI −0·16, −0·05), respectively). Compared with a stable diet, an increase in hPDI was significantly associated with improvements in physical HRQoL in older women and with mental HRQoL in younger women. In conclusion, adherence to a healthful plant-based diet was modestly associated with improvements in both physical and mental dimensions of HRQoL.
Religion and fertility patterns: comparison of life history traits in Catholics and Protestants, Hallstatt (Austria) 1733–1908
Authors: Gavrus-Ion Alina , Sjøvold Torstein , Hernández Miguel , González-José Rolando , Martínez-Abadías Neus , Esteban Torné María Esther , Esparza Mireia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCatholicism and Protestantism have different ways of promoting the family unit that could influence survival and fertility at a population level. Parish records in the Austrian village of Hallstatt allowed the reconstruction of Catholic and Protestant genealogies over a period of 175 years (1733–1908) to evaluate how religion and social changes affected reproduction and survival. Life history traits such as lifespan beyond 15 years, number of offspring, reproductive span, children born out of wedlock and child mortality were estimated in 5678 Catholic and 3282 Protestant individuals. The interaction of sex, time and religion was checked through non-parametric factorial ANOVAs. Religion and time showed statistically significant interactions with lifespan >15 years, number of offspring and age at birth of first child. Protestants lived longer, had a larger reproductive span and an earlier age at birth of first child. Before the famine crisis of 1845–1850, Protestants showed lower values of childhood mortality than Catholics. Comparison of the number of children born out of wedlock revealed small differences between the two religions. Religion influenced reproduction and survival, as significant differences were found between Catholics and Protestants. This influence could be explained in part by differential socioeconomic characteristics, since Protestants may have enjoyed better living and sanitary conditions in Hallstatt.
Examining pathways between genetic liability for schizophrenia and patterns of tobacco and cannabis use in adolescence
Authors: Jones Hannah J. , Hammerton Gemma , McCloud Tayla , Hines Lindsey A. , Wright Caroline , Gage Suzanne H. , Holmans Peter , Jones Peter B , Davey Smith George , Linden David E. J. , O'Donovan Michael C. , Owen Michael J. , Walters James T. , Munafò Marcus R. , Heron Jon , Zammit Stanley 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is not clear to what extent associations between schizophrenia, cannabis use and cigarette use are due to a shared genetic etiology. We, therefore, examined whether schizophrenia genetic risk associates with longitudinal patterns of cigarette and cannabis use in adolescence and mediating pathways for any association to inform potential reduction strategies.MethodsAssociations between schizophrenia polygenic scores and longitudinal latent classes of cigarette and cannabis use from ages 14 to 19 years were investigated in up to 3925 individuals in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Mediation models were estimated to assess the potential mediating effects of a range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral phenotypes.ResultsThe schizophrenia polygenic score, based on single nucleotide polymorphisms meeting a training-set p threshold of 0.05, was associated with late-onset cannabis use (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.08,1.41), but not with cigarette or early-onset cannabis use classes. This association was not mediated through lower IQ, victimization, emotional difficulties, antisocial behavior, impulsivity, or poorer social relationships during childhood. Sensitivity analyses adjusting for genetic liability to cannabis or cigarette use, using polygenic scores excluding the CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster, or basing scores on a 0.5 training-set p threshold, provided results consistent with our main analyses.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with patterns of cannabis use during adolescence. Investigation of pathways other than the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral phenotypes examined here is required to identify modifiable targets to reduce the public health burden of cannabis use in the population.