bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) On Teaching Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Orazem Mark E , Tribollet Bernard 
Published: February 2020

Impedance spectroscopy is a popular electrochemical measurement technique, but successful implementation requires specialized training that is not easily available. At the 2013 ISE annual meeting in Querétaro, we described our philosophy for teaching electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, embodied in our textbook on the subject, published in 2008 [1]. At the 2017 ISE annual meeting in Providence, we updated our discussion, with emphasis on the second edition of our book [2]. The object of this presentation is to describe our current approach to the subject, reflected in our textbooks on the subject and in our new project, to which we have assigned the working title of The EIS Companion: A Compendium of Solved Problems and Resources.
This communication will describe an approach towards teaching impedance spectroscopy in which students are encouraged to modify experimental parameters in accordance with the experimental system, to use a variety of graphical representations to develop preliminary estimates for physical properties, to develop models from proposed chemical, electrochemical, and physical mechanisms, and to perform regression analyses which account for the error structure of the measurement. As impedance spectroscopy is not a “stand-alone” technique, students are encouraged to seek independent observations that can be used to support or disprove the models developed.
This approach will be illustrated by a step-by-step analysis of a sample data set, including preliminary graphical inspection of the data, evaluation of consistency with the Kramers-Kronig relations, development of an interpretation or process model, regression of the model to the Kramers-Kronig-consistent portion of the spectrum, and evaluation of the physical meaning of the parameters extracted.

M.E. Orazem, B. Tribollet, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2008.

M.E. Orazem, B. Tribollet, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2017.
Stress and Mental Health in Chemistry Graduate Education
Authors: Anderson Evan L , Mousavi Maral PS , Lust Katherine , Buhlmann Philippe 
Published: February 2020

A key challenge for any graduate program is to address stress and mental health without lowering the bar for the degree. In our department, we have focused on eliminating unnecessary sources of stress. We, that means not just the departmental leadership, but graduate students, the director of graduate studies, mental health advocates, and professionals from the university health services. Only professionals can provide therapy, but the whole community can contribute to help prevent problems before they arise and to recognize and direct students in distress to appropriate resources. In particular, the student group Community of Chemistry Graduate Students (CCGS) is taking a key role in organizing regular events on physical and mental health and stress management. For example, their videos on the topics of mental health in graduate school, academic success, and the transition into a job after graduate school have attracted much attention. A very important tool to help us in our efforts is a biannual survey specifically designed together with the university health services to assess the sources of stress. This talk will address some of the new insights we have gained from analyzing the results of these surveys.
(1) Stress and mental health in graduate school: How student empowerment creates lasting change, Mousavi, M. P. S.; Sohrabpour, Z.; Anderson, E. L.; Stemig-Vindedahl, A.; Golden, D.; Christenson, G.; Lust, K.; Bühlmann, P. J. Chem. Ed.
2018
, 95, 1939–1946.
(2) http://ccgs.chem.umn.edu/surviving-and-thriving-higher-education
Rethinking Electrochemical Science and Engineering Education
Authors: Garzon Fernando H , Tsui Lok-kun , Svihla Vanessa , Datye Abhaya 
Published: February 2020

Electrochemical Science and Engineering is a particularly challenging subject to teach at the undergraduate/graduate level. The students need a substantial background in the physics of electrostatics, fields, potentials, and electrical circuits, solution chemistry, thermodynamics, mass transport and kinetics. They must also be versed in the underlying mathematics of differential and integral calculus. A lack of knowledge or retention of any of the aforementioned prerequisite subject areas can pose significant barriers to advanced learning. A minority of the students at The University of New Mexico have had some prior training in electrochemical research from internships at UNM, and National and Defense laboratories. The performance of the student interns was largely superior to the students with no direct laboratory experience. These students were generally much more engaged at achieving a better understanding of the underlying science behind their laboratory work. A major goal of the School of Engineering at UNM is to improve the comprehension and retention of key fundamental concepts and skills in the aforementioned areas for all students in the chemical engineering field and provide more opportunities for “hands on” learning and skills development.
The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CBE) at the University of New Mexico is engaged in a program to revolutionize engineering education by launching FACETS: Formation of Accomplished Chemical Engineers for Transforming Society. FACETS will revolutionize CBE by: (1) introducing "CIRE" design challenges in the core curriculum that are Community-, Industry-, Research-, and/or Entrepreneurship-based; (2) conducting professional development institutes that will train and mentor faculty and graduate students; workshops will be led by experts from industry and national laboratories, from the learning sciences, from engineering education and multicultural studies, for example the directors of UNM Native American Studies and Chicano/a Studies, and (3) create a digital badging system that will help students take ownership of their competencies and develop engineering identities and enable faculty to monitor and assess student outcomes and to engage in research on their teaching. We believe that this comprehensive approach towards modular learning and digital validation will improve our teaching of Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering and heighten our student’s understanding of the subject material. We have prepared core concept modules with supporting experimentation in the subject areas of: Types of Electrochemical Cells, Solution Theory, Electrostatics, Electrolytes, Ionic Transport, Charged Interfaces, Electrochemical Thermodynamics, Batteries, Fuel Cells, Electrolysis, Electrodeposition, Electroanalysis and Environmental Electrochemistry.
Integrating Hands-on Battery Design into a Chemical Engineering Unit Operations Laboratory
Authors: Mustain William E. 
Published: February 2020

Though electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering play significant roles in the behavior of many engineered systems – either through their fundamental operation (i.e. batteries) or secondary effects (i.e. corrosion) – engineering undergraduates typically do not graduate with appreciable fundamental knowledge in these area. It is important for our community to reach out to these students and develop coursework modules that build both fundamental and applied knowledge related to electrochemical systems. In this talk, integration of electrochemical science and engineering principles into a Junior Laboratory course will be discussed. The battery module in this course was offered for over a two-year period.
In this laboratory, teams of four students are provided with a problem statement: Design a battery pack that can seamlessly REPLACE the AA batteries in a child’s toy. Students are allowed to choose their own platform. They must determine the power requirements for the toy under various operational conditions. Of course, on day 1, undergraduates do not know almost anything about how to design a battery. Therefore, the students systematically step them through a series of tasks and lectures to build their knowledge and competency – covering thermodynamics, polarization (kinetics and mass transfer), cell design, etc. These lectures and iteration of their battery design occurs over the course of an entire semester. The details around these will be discussed in the talk.
The lab culminates with a demonstration day where teams show off their home-made batteries, operating a wide range of toys.
Electrochemical Behavior of Redox Active Organic Molecules in Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Squire Henry John , Klein Jeffrey Michael , Gurkan Burcu 
Published: February 2020

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a relatively new class of electrolytes with potential application in electrochemical systems. DES are mixtures of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and hydrogen bond donors (HBD) that engage in a unique hydrogen-bonding network. Like traditional organic solvents, DES have the advantage of a wide electrochemical window compared to aqueous electrolytes, but with additional advantages over organic solvents such as low volatility and high energy density due to solvation strength towards redox active species. DES have shown promise for application in redox flow battery systems currently limited by lack of nonvolatile, high energy density electrolytes. While DES offer a potential solution to these issues, high viscosity and low conductivity have thus far limited their practical application. Catechol and 1,4-benzoquinone were introduced as redox active species and hydrogen bond disruptors to ethaline DES which is a 1:2 molar mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol. These redox active organic molecules are of particular interest due to their high solubility in DES. Furthermore, the reduction mechanism of these molecules does not involve electrodeposition and subsequent electrode morphology changes. This addresses issues often associated with traditional redox active species such as metal halides used in redox flow batteries.
The physical and electrochemical properties of ethaline with catechol and 1,4-benzoquinone were investigated. Effects of the DES hydrogen-bonding network on the redox potentials, electrochemical reversibility, and diffusivity was investigated by voltammetry. Temperature dependent viscosity, conductivity, and density were measured to investigate the impact of hydrogen bond disruptors on macroscopic properties. Finally, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the molecular interactions between the redox active species and the hydrogen-bonding network in DES to relate observed macroscopic properties to molecular level features. This work provides insight into the solvation of organic redox active species in DES and its impact on physical and electrochemical properties.
Thin Layer Sonoelectrochemistry: Electrocatalysis in Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) and Methanol Electrolysis
Authors: Duda Chester G , Leddy Johna 
Published: February 2020

In electrochemical energy systems such as fuel cells, important reactions include the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation. Even with platinum catalysts, oxygen reduction kinetics in water at acidic pH are slow. In H₂ proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM FCs), ORR is the rate determining kinetic process. In direct reformation fuel cells run on methanol with an oxygen or air cathode, methanol oxidation kinetics are rate limiting. Limitations include slow electron transfer processes coupled to generation of oxidation by-products that adsorb to the electrode and lead to passivation.
Sonoelectrochemistry in thin layers of electrolyte enhances electrochemical rates without visible cavitation using low power oscillators [1]. Here, thin layer sonoelectrochemistry coupled with cyclic voltammetry is used to evaluate impacts of sonication in a thin layer on the electrochemical response of oxygen and methanol .

For voltammetry at platinum electrodes for saturated oxygen in acidic aqueous electrolyte, the rate of the ORR is enhanced several orders of magnitude as shown by fit of the cyclic voltammetric data.

For stoichiometric (50:50) methanol in water with acid electrolyte, oxidation and reduction currents at platinum electrodes are increased almost ten fold as shown in cyclic voltammetric responses. Sonication may increase the rates of electron transfer and remove deposited partial oxidation products.

Improved kinetics of oxygen reduction and methanol electrolysis may provide a means to improved electrochemical energy technologies, including hydrogen and direct reformation fuel cells. The energy needed to drive the oscillator represents a low parasitic loss on fuel cell performance.
Reference
[1] Johna Leddy, Chester G. Duda, Jacob Lyon, and William J. Leddy III, "Thin Layer Sonoelectrochemistry and Sonoelectrochemistry Devices and Methods," published 28 May 2015 as US Patent Application 20150147594 A1.
(Invited) From Intercalation/Insertion to Conversion Mechanism; Efforts for Increasing Energy
Authors: Sakaebe Hikari 
Published: February 2020

Development of high energy batteries has been aspired all over the world to expand the usage in vehicles. Performance of Li-ion batteries (LIB) has been continuously improved since launched on the market. Quite recently a high energy battery pack over 300 Wh/kg was reported. A history from Li secondary battery to LIB tells us the merit of electrode materials with intercalation/insertion mechanism for sufficient life of the battery.
We may have to discuss about how much energy is actually required, but higher the energy density, more variety of the balance between each performance could be realized. Design of the systems would be easier if we could withdraw the theoretical restriction of LIB. Now conversion type electrodes attract much attention.
Author’s group has developed the technique to increase energy of positive electrode for LIB, by surface modification and analogue of Li-excess layered materials. The latter seems closely related to the conversion mechanism. Then we focus on metal polysulfides such as TiS4 and Li5FeS8 with specific capacity of more than 700 mAh/g by an intermediate mechanism between insertion and conversion [1, 2]. FeF3 related positive electrodes show maximum energy density as closed system, and are operated by full conversion reaction to 3LiF + Fe for this purpose. This is more challenging and several technical barriers should be cleared. We hope to understand how to balance the energy density and other important properties through the materials we developed.
References
[1] A. Sakuda, H. Sakaebe, T. Takeuchi, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139, 8796 (2017) .
[2] T. Takeuchi, H, Sakaebe, et al., Solid State Ionics, 320, 378 (2018).
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under the “Research and Development Initiative for Scientific Innovation of New Generation Batteries 2 (RISING2)”
Electrochemical Behavior of Citrate Cu-Zn Electrolytes for Copper Alloys Electrodeposition
Authors: Dridi Amina , Dhouibi Leila , Hihn Jean-Yves , Bercot Patrice , Rezrazi El-Mustafa , Sassi Wafa 
Published: February 2020

Brass coating is ordinary produced by a successive deposition of zinc and copper, followed by a thermal diffusion step, despite its high energy consumption[1]. Direct alloy electroplating is difficult, because of the difference in reduction potentials of zinc and copper which is over than 1 V, making commercial non-cyanide baths not available. To allows a simultaneous deposition of those two cations on the cathode surface, the difference between their reduction potentials must be decreased to a value lower than 200 mV [2], by the addition of complexing agents. An experimental and theoretical study of the influence of complexing agent on the electroplating process of brass was conducted. To this end, a simulation of the chelates distribution as a function of pH and ligand concentration was done using Scilabâ software. Then, optimal speciation conditions in regards of bath stability were chosen, and the obtained aqueous citrate electrolytes were characterized by UV–VIS spectrophotometry, copper in and studies of current polarization curves for copper–zinc deposition. It appears that a 1:10 copper to citrate ratio is the most promising electrolyte. Linear sweep voltammetry presents peaks reduction for copper and zinc as well as for codeposition conditions. From this curves, various deposition potential have been chosen, and a same charge quantity was used to elaborate corresponding deposits. The latter will be quantify by anodic dissolution, giving the reaction Faradic yield.Finally, the technical feasibility of plating was made, and the possibility to control the alloy element content was checked using Hull Cell plating test. It appears that current density as well as zinc concentration are the main parameters to govern the alloy composition and properties.
[1] Q. WANG, W. DU, L. LI, X. LÜ, S. ZHANG, The effect of ionic liquid additives on the electroplating brass from non-cyanide bath, Chinese Sci. Bull. (Chinese Version). 60 (2015) 2553. doi:10.1360/N972015-00317.
[2] C. Meudre, L. Ricq, J.-Y. Hihn, V. Moutarlier, A. Monnin, O. Heintz, Adsorption of gelatin during electrodeposition of copper and tin–copper alloys from acid sulfate electrolyte, Surf. Coatings Technol. 252 (2014) 93–101. doi:10.1016/J.SURFCOAT.2014.04.050.
[3] A. Dridi, L. Dhouibi, J.Y. Hihn, P. Berçot, W. Sassi, M. Rezrazi, Study of the influence of complexes stability on the kinetic of CuZn electroplating in a citrate bath, Submitted Electrochim. Acta.

Figure 1
High Efficient Ion Selective Membrane Separator for Room Temperature Sodium Polysulfide Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Amiri Azadeh , Wang Tongshuai , Bae Chulsung , Kim Sangil 
Published: February 2020

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their low cost, safe operation, and design flexibility for large scale energy storage applications. Among all the RFBs, room temperature sodium (Na) polysulfides (PS) RFBs are the most promising because of the abundance and low cost of Na compared to Li. However, both Na-S battery and Na-PS flow batteries suffer from polysulfide diffusion between their two working electrodes which decreases the batteries’ columbic efficiency and shortens their cycle stabilities. This shuttling issue is more detrimental in the case of Na-PS RFBs which doesn’t have carbon matrix to immobilize the solid-state sulfur. Unfortunately, commercial battery separators (e.g. Celgard) cannot be adopted because those membranes are freely permeable to the polysulfide ions. Alternatively, ion selective membranes (e.g. Nafion), which have been employed in aqueous redox flow batteries, have been explored to prevent the polysulfide, however, they also showed poor performances in organic RFBs because of swellings in organic electrolytes and low lithium ion selectivity over polysulfide ions.
Here we present a biphenyl backbone-based aromatic hydrocarbon membrane with high sodium conductivity as well as sodium selectivity over polysulfides. The conductivity and sodium-polysulfide (Na2S6) diffusivity of sodiated membrane was measured and compared with Nafion membranes. The Na-PS diffusivity of our IEM (3.17×10-11 cm2/sec) is two order magnitudes lower than that of Nafion (1.02×10-9 cm2/sec), while it showed high Na ion conductivity (3.27×10-5 S/cm) comparable to Nafion (3.37×10-5 S/cm). Thus, Na/PS selectivity of the BP-SA is significantly higher than Nafion. We will discuss the high performance of sodium-polysulfide redox flow battery with the BP-SA membrane and compare its efficiencies with the cell with Celgard2325 and Nafion.
Nano-Sized Iron Oxide Material for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhou Luozeng , Wang Yong , Li Yong , Shi Bin , Guo Rui , Pei Haijuan , Xie Jingying 
Published: February 2020

In lithium ion batteries, iron oxide as one transition metal oxide is an excellent electrode material, possessing high lithium stroge capacity, low cost, abundant reserves, environmental-friendly[1-3]. However, iron oxide suffers from poor electrical conductivity and large volumetric expansion during cycling. Accordingly, the researchers seek many atrategies to improve the cyclability and structure stability [4-5].
In this work, iron oxide with a size of about 100 nm (inset in Fig. 1) was employed in sodium ion batteries. Furthermore, binder-free, self-standing iron oxide film electrodes were prepared by vacuum filtration method using chemically obtained graphene oxide sheets (GO), electric conductor (super P) and iron oxide powder. Iron oxide film electrode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1116.8 mAh g-1 and exhibit an initial Coulombic efficiency of 66.7% at the rate of 0.02C. The cycle performance was shown in Fig. 1. The capacity fades rapidly in the first 5 cycles, then fades laggardly in the subsequent cycles, with a stable capacity of 519.9 mAh/g after 40 cycles.
Fig.1 The cycle performance of iron oxides in sodium ion batteries at 0.02C. The inset is the SEM of iron oxide.
This work was supported by Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1417000).

Reference
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[1] L. Zhang, H. B. Wu, S. Madhavi, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 2012, 17388.
[2] B. Wang, J. S. Chen, H. B. Wu, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 2011, 17146.
[3] B. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang. Electrochim. Acta, 156, 2015, 1.
[4] X. Cao, B. Zheng, X. Rui, et al. Angewandte Chemie, 53,2014, 1404.
[5] W. Xiao, Z. Wang, H. Guo, et al. J. Alloy & Compound, 560, 2013, 208.

Figure 1