bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cation‐Selective Separators for Addressing the Lithium–Sulfur Battery Challenges
Authors: Zhao Qing , Hao Zhendong , Tang Jiadong , Xu Xiaolong , Liu Jingbing , Jin Yuhong , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have become one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical energy density, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness. However, real‐word applications are seriously restricted by an undesirable shuttle effect and Li dendrite formation. In essence, uncontrollable anion transport is a key factor that causes both polysulfide shuttling and dendrite formation, which creates the possibility of simultaneously addressing the two critical issues in LSBs. An effective strategy to control anion transport is the construction of cation‐selective separators. Significant progress has been achieved in the inhibition of the shuttle effect, whereas addressing the problem of Li dendrite formation by utilizing a cation‐selective separator is still under way. From this viewpoint, this Review analyzes critical issues with regard to the shuttle effect and Li dendrite formation caused by uncontrollable anion transport, based on which roles and advantages of cation‐selective separators toward high‐performance LSBs are presented. According to the separator‐construction principle, the latest advances and progress in cation‐selective separators in inhibiting the shuttle effect and Li dendrite formation are reviewed in detail. Finally, some challenges and prospects are proposed for the future development of cation‐selective separators. This Review is anticipated to provide a new perspective for simultaneously addressing the two critical issues in LSBs.
Best practices for optimization and validation of flow cytometry‐based receptor occupancy assays
Authors: Hilt Ed , Sun Yongliang S. , McCloskey Thomas W. , Eck Steve , McIntosh Thomas , Grugan Katharine D. , Lanham David F. , Standifer Nathan , Green Cherie , Litwin Virginia , Stewart Jennifer J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the development of therapeutic compounds that bind cell surface molecules, it is critical to demonstrate the extent to which the drug engages its target. For cell‐associated targets, flow cytometry is well‐suited to monitor drug‐to‐target engagement through receptor occupancy assays (ROA). The technology allows for the identification of specific cell subsets within heterogeneous populations and the detection of nonabundant cellular antigens. There are numerous challenges in the design, development, and implementation of robust ROA. Among the most difficult challenges are situations where there is receptor modulation or when the target‐antigen is expressed at low levels. When the therapeutic molecules are bi‐specific and bind multiple targets, these challenges are increased. This manuscript discusses the challenges and proposes best practices for designing, optimizing, and validating ROA.
Exercise is neuroprotective on the morphology of somatic motoneurons following the death of neighboring motoneurons via androgen action at the target muscle
Authors: Chew Cory , Sengelaub Dale R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotoneuron loss is a severe medical problem that can result in loss of motor control and eventually death. We have previously demonstrated that partial motoneuron loss can result in dendritic atrophy and functional deficits in nearby surviving motoneurons, and that an androgen‐dependent effect of exercise following injury can be neuroprotective against this dendritic atrophy. In this study, we explored where the necessary site of androgen action is for exercise‐driven neuroprotective effects on induced dendritic atrophy. Motoneurons innervating the vastus medialis muscles of adult male rats were selectively killed by intramuscular injection of cholera toxin‐conjugated saporin. Simultaneously, some saporin‐injected animals were given implants of the androgen receptor antagonist hydroxyflutamide, either directly at the adjacent vastus lateralis musculature ipsilateral to the saporin‐injected vastus medialis or interscapularly as a systemic control. Following saporin injections, some animals were allowed free access to a running wheel attached to their home cages. Four weeks later, motoneurons innervating the same vastus lateralis muscle were labeled with cholera toxin‐conjugated horseradish peroxidase, and dendritic arbors were reconstructed in three dimensions. Dendritic arbor lengths of saporin‐injected animals allowed to exercise were significantly longer than those not allowed to exercise. Androgen receptor blockade locally at the vastus lateralis muscle prevented the protective effect of exercise. These findings indicate that exercise following neural injury exerts a protective effect on motoneuron dendrites, which acts via androgen receptor action at the target muscle.
Altered regulation of negative affect in patients with fibromyalgia: A diary study
Authors: Rost Silke , Crombez Geert , Sütterlin Stefan , Vögele Claus , Veirman Elke , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M. L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and often accompanied by cognitive and emotional problems. Adaptation to fibromyalgia may therefore also rely on one's ability to regulate emotional problems. In this study, we examined two indices of emotion regulation, that is, (a) affective instability, involving frequent large fluctuations in self‐reported affect, and (b) resting heart rate variability (HRV).MethodsParticipants were 46 patients with fibromyalgia (Mage = 45.4 years; 39 females) and 46 matched healthy controls (Mage = 44.9 years; 37 females). Heart rate was monitored under resting conditions to derive HRV. Subsequently, participants completed an electronic end‐of‐day diary for 14 consecutive days assessing daily levels of pain, disability, negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA). Affective instability was operationalized as the mean square of successive differences in daily mood.ResultsResults indicate increased levels of NA instability and reduced levels of HRV in patients with fibromyalgia in comparison with healthy controls. Furthermore, HRV and NA instability were inversely related. Finally, in patients, higher NA instability was related to increased pain disability.ConclusionsCurrent findings support the idea that patients with fibromyalgia are confronted with fluctuating emotions. These results may have important implications for treatment as they provide support for the use of emotion regulation skills training in patients with fibromyalgia to impact upon NA instability.SignificanceThis study provides novel insight in the link between emotion regulation indices,that is, heart‐rate variability and negative affective (NA) instability, in patients with fibromyalgia, and presents evidence for differences in both emotion regulation indices between patients with fibromyalgia and healthy people. Furthermore, results link increased NA instability with increased levels of daily disability in patients with fibromyalgia. Together, these findings offer support for a key role of emotion regulation in fibromyalgia outcomes, providing pathways for clinical practice.
Development and Validation of a Mixture Toxicity Implementation in the Dynamic Energy Budget–Individual-Based Model: Effects of Copper and Zinc on Daphnia magna Populations
Authors: Vlaeminck Karel , Viaene Karel P.J. , Van Sprang Patrick , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mechanistic population models are gaining considerable interest in ecological risk assessment. The dynamic energy budget approach for toxicity (DEBtox) and the general unified threshold model for survival (GUTS) are well-established theoretical frameworks that describe sublethal and lethal effects of a chemical stressor, respectively. However, there have been limited applications of these models for mixtures of chemicals, especially to predict long-term effects on populations. We used DEBtox and GUTS in an individual-based model (IBM) framework to predict both single and combined effects of copper and zinc on Daphnia magna populations. The model was calibrated based on standard chronic toxicity test results with the single substances. A mixture toxicity implementation based on the general independent action model for mixtures was developed and validated with data from a population experiment with copper and zinc mixtures. Population-level effects of exposure to individual metals were accurately predicted by DEB-IBM. The DEB-IBM framework also allowed us to identify the potential mechanisms underlying these observations. Under independent action the DEB–IBM was able to predict the population dynamics observed in populations exposed to the single metals and their mixtures (R2 &gt; 65% in all treatments). Our modeling shows that it is possible to extrapolate from single-substance effects at the individual level to mixture toxicity effects at the population level, without the need for mixture toxicity data at the individual level from standard mixture toxicity tests. The application of such modeling techniques can increase the ecological realism in risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:513–527. © 2020 SETAC
Modelling of the interaction between structures and creeping slopes
Authors: Schneider‐Muntau Barbara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo quantify the interaction between structures and creeping slopes, 3D calculations under consideration of a time‐dependent material behaviour are necessary. In this paper 3D finite element calculations are performed on a hypothetical creeping slope. The time‐dependent material parameters are determined by back calculation on a slope without any structures. Subsequently, the influence of a retaining wall and of a tunnel structure built in the creeping slope are investigated. The results of the modelling show that the structures locally decrease the creeping velocity of the slope. The influence of the tunnel structure is more pronounced due to its spatial extension. At the same time the stresses on the structures increase over time. Linear time‐dependent material models do not consider the hydrostatic pressure in their formulation. Non‐linear time‐dependent material models, which are based on soil mechanical principles and which take the hydrostatic pressure into account, are therefore better suited to represent the time‐dependent soil‐structure interaction.
Consistency of hangover experiences after a night of drinking: A controlled laboratory study
Authors: Delang Nathan , Iudakhina Elizaveta , Irwin Christopher , Desbrow Ben 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveResearch into cognitive performance during a hangover has produced equivocal findings. This study investigated the reliability of inducing hangover symptoms and effects on cognitive performance (including applied tasks) under standardised conditions.MethodTwenty‐one participants (13 M; 24 ± 3 years) completed two identical trials, involving alcohol consumption and an overnight laboratory stay. Outcome measures included: hangover severity (a single‐item ‘Hangover’ rating, and a sum of hangover symptoms [Overall Symptoms Score (OSS)]), cognitive function (trail making test), simulated driving (standard deviation of lateral position; lane crossings), and typing performance. Spearman's correlations were used to assess reliability between trials for all participants, and when ratings of ‘Hangover’ were consistent.ResultsParticipants demonstrated reliable ‘Hangover’ rating change from baseline (Trial A: 2.0 [2.0]; Trial B: 2.0 [2.0], rho = 0.680, p = 0.001), but not for OSS (Trial A: 8.0 [12.0]; Trial B: 5.0 [9.0], rho = 0.309, p = 0.173). Performance in cognitive/applied tasks (range rho = 0.447–0771) was consistent, except simulated driving (range rho = 0.035–0.272), however the impairment was trivial. The subgroup analysis did not reveal substantial changes in reliability.ConclusionA single ‘Hangover’ rating was a reliable way of determining ‘mild’ to ‘moderate’ hangover severity. The present data could be used to assist the methodological design of future hangover research.
Evaluating the importance of routine drainage following laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection for gynecological malignancies
Authors: Sakai Kensuke , Nakamura Masaru , Yamagami Wataru , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Kobayashi Yusuke , Nishio Hiroshi , Hayashi Shigenori , Nomura Hiroyuki , Kataoka Fumio , Tominaga Eiichiro , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of drainage following pelvic lymph node (PLN) dissection, especially for cases involving laparoscopic surgery.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 368 patients with malignant gynecological tumors who underwent systemic PLN dissection at Keio University Hospital between January 2012 and October 2018 were enrolled. Drainage tubes were placed in the retroperitoneal fossa in all patients. Medical records were used for data collection.ResultsLaparoscopy was performed on 81 patients, and laparotomy was performed on 287 patients. In the laparoscopy group, tubes were removed 1 day post surgery. In the laparotomy group, tubes were removed 1 day post surgery in 167 patients and 4 days post surgery in 120 patients. Compared with the laparotomy group, we determined the laparoscopy group to have a significantly lower prevalence of lymphocyst (6.2% vs 20.2%, p = 0.002) but a similar prevalence of lymphedema (4.9% vs 5.2%), and symptomatic lymphocyst (2.5% vs 4.5%). The two laparotomy groups did not differ significantly with respect to the prevalence of lymphedema (4.8% vs 5.8%), lymphocyst (20.4% vs 20.0%), or symptomatic lymphocyst (4.2% vs 5.0%).ConclusionOur results suggest that routine drainage should be omitted, especially in cases involving laparoscopic surgery.
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on multiple gestation pregnancy
Authors: Mahajan Niraj N. , Ansari Munira , Gaikwad Chaitanya , Jadhav Priyanka , Tirkey Deepika , Pophalkar Madhura P. , Bhurke Aishwarya V. , Modi Deepak N. , Mahale Smita D. , Gajbhiye Rahul K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess clinical presentations, pregnancy complications, and maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with multiple gestation pregnancy (MGP) and confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) infection and to compare the data with a pre‐pandemic period.MethodsA retrospective study at a dedicated COVID‐19 Hospital in Mumbai, India. Data were obtained from the PregCovid Registry of pregnant and postpartum women with PCR‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection from April to September, 2020. Data were also compared with a cohort of women with MGP attending the hospital pre‐pandemic (n = 63).ResultsData from 879 women (singleton pregnancy, n = 859; MGP, n = 20) with COVID‐19 were assessed. The twinning rate was 34.2 per 1000 births. As compared with singleton pregnancies, a higher proportion of women with MGP and Covid‐19 delivered preterm (P = 0.001). Spontaneous abortions were also higher in the MGP group than in the singleton group (P = 0.055). The incidence of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia was higher in the COVID‐19 MGP group than in both the COVID‐19 singleton (41.6% vs. 7.9%) and pre‐pandemic MGP (50.0% vs. 12.7%) groups.ConclusionThere was a higher risk of pre‐eclampsia among women with MGP and COVID‐19. Women with MGP and COVID‐19 infection should receive special attention with a multidisciplinary approach to both maternal and neonatal care during the pandemic.
Biocompatibility and biodegradability evaluation of magnesium‐based intramedullary bone implants in avian model
Authors: M. S. Abhishek , Jaiswal Satish , Dubey Anshu , Lahiri Debrupa , Das Arup Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAt present days osteosynthesis modalities for avian fracture management are inadequate. External coaptation is the most practiced method however, specialized clinics have started introducing intramedullary pinning, external skeletal fixation with tie‐in‐fixation for fracture immobilization. Magnesium (Mg) based biomaterials are trustable developments in the field of orthopedics compared to their permanent stainless steel counterparts concerning long term adverse reaction. Mg implants are becoming promising for their use as intramedullary accessories because they are bioresorbable with high strength‐weight ratio and the similarities in density and elastic modulus to the natural bones. However, their severe biodegradation trait restricts frequent use as load‐bearing orthopedic implants. In this study, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of Mg based intramedullary cylindrical spacers (2.4 mm diameter × 8 mm height) reinforced with 0, 5, 15 wt% of hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) were evaluated in 18 Uttara‐fowl birds. Clinical, radiological (from immediate postoperative days till 24th week), biochemical (first three postoperative weeks) and histopathological study of test bone were carried out to evaluate implant degradation and osteocompatibility. Biodegradation of Mg‐3Zn/0HA and Mg‐3Zn/15HA initiated a bit earlier at second week of implantation, while that of Mg‐3Zn/5HA at 3‐fourth week, and found biocompatible and biodegradable with no observable clinical and histopathological changes.
Electrochemical synthesis of three‐dimensional flower‐like Ni/Co–BTC bimetallic organic framework as heterogeneous catalyst for solvent‐free and green synthesis of substituted chromeno[4,3–b]quinolones
Authors: Sayahi Mohammad Hosein , Ghomi Matineh , Hamad Samir M. , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Aghazadeh Mustafa , Mahdavi Mohammad , Bahadorikhalili Saeed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this research, a new flower‐like Ni0.77/Co0.23– benzene–1,3,5–tricarboxylate (BTC) bimetallic organic framework (Ni/Co–BTC BMOF) is synthesized via the cathodic electrosynthesis (CE) method, based on nickel and cobalt metals and BTC linker. The synthesized BMOF is characterized by several methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). The catalytic activity of the resulting Ni/Co is evaluated in a one‐pot four‐component reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehyde, 4–hydroxycoumarin, and ammonium acetate for the synthesis of chromeno[4,3–b]quinolone derivatives under solvent‐free condition. The Ni/Co–BTC BMOF catalyst showed very good activity in the tested reaction, and a wide scope of starting materials gave the desired products in high isolated yields in the presence of the Ni/Co–BTC BMOF catalyst. The recovery of Ni/Co BMOF was achieved by a centrifuge, and it was reused at least six times without any significant decrease in catalytic activity.
Interpretation of the HLA epitopes—Continuous dilution method for detection of high‐titer IgG HLA antibody
Authors: Xiao Yanli , Liu Wei , Kang Zhongyu , Li Daihong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe presence or absence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies, especially the strength of donor‐specific HLA antibodies (DSAs), has important roles in clinical evaluation and diagnostic decision‐making for solid‐organ transplantation. Dilution patterns help to give a new sight of HLA epitopes. “Epitope matching” is likely to lower the risk of developing DSA and increase the likelihood of matching a compatible donor.MethodsWe collected data evaluating HLA antibodies with a titration study using mean fluorescence intensity.ResultsDiluting the serum of recipients can reduce potential inhibitory effects, accurately evaluate the intensity of donor‐specific HLA antibodies, and guide surgeons to take or not take intervention measures. Dilution patterns also help to give a new sight of HLA epitopes.ConclusionWe believe that from the viewpoint of HLA antibodies, the dilution model can provide new tools and insights for the study of HLA epitopes.
Validation of Vancomycin Dosing Guidance During Transition of Care
Authors: Ng Tat Ming , Heng Shi Thong , Oon Jolene , Chan Monica , Tam Vincent H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVancomycin is an antibiotic commonly used to treat serious gram‐positive infections. Patients requiring prolonged therapy in Singapore routinely receive intermittent vancomycin infusion in the hospital and are switched to continuous infusion for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. During this transition of care, there may be a risk of not achieving therapeutic targets. We evaluated the performance of a model‐based dosing algorithm in achieving a therapeutic target within 7 days of care transition. A published population pharmacokinetic model was used as the foundation to guide vancomycin dosing when discharging inpatients on intermittent infusion to outpatient care on continuous infusion. Selected demographic variables (age, weight, and creatinine clearance) were used to devise initial dosing. Patients with guided dosing were compared with historic controls (dosing by clinicians alone). The primary outcome of the study was to achieve vancomycin steady‐state concentration of 20‐25 mg/L. Compared with historic controls, the proportion of patients attaining a therapeutic target by day 7 was significantly improved (6 of 19 [31.6%] vs 12 of 17 [70.6%], P = .04). Our model‐based approach could guide customized dosing to facilitate switching patients from intermittent to continuous infusion during transition of care. Further validation in a larger patient cohort is warranted.
Clinical characteristics and management of acute cholecystitis after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Yasukawa Koya , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Sugenoya Shinsuke , Hosoda Kiyotaka , Hayashi Hikaru , Kobayashi Ryoichiro , Soejima Yuji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute cholecystitis (AC) is a severe complication after cardiovascular surgery (CS). The purpose of this study was to delineate the clinical picture of AC after CS to propose an optimal treatment strategy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 88 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for grade II or III AC between 2008 and 2019 (AC after CS: Group CS, n = 37; AC without CS: Group non‐CS, n = 51).ResultsThe proportion of grade III AC in Group CS was significantly higher than that in Group non‐CS (73% vs 41%, P = .005). Furthermore, the incidences of acalculous (81% vs 39%) and gangrenous (86% vs 59%) AC were significantly higher in Group CS (P < .05 for both). In Group CS, 11 patients had had percutaneous drainage preceding surgery, for whom cholecystectomy within 3 days was eventually necessary because their general condition was exacerbated. The incidence of a positive culture from the gallbladder bile and blood samples of Group CS were significantly higher (P < .05 for both); multidrug‐resistant bacteria were detected at an especially high rate. However, the morbidity rate was comparable, and zero mortality was achieved in both groups.ConclusionsTimely surgical intervention without hesitation is recommended for AC after CS.