bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALMA characterizes the dust temperature of z ∼ 5.5 star-forming galaxies
Authors: Faisst Andreas L , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Oesch Pascal A , Scoville Nick , Riechers Dominik A , Pavesi Riccardo , Capak Peter 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of main-sequence galaxies in the early Universe (z &gt; 4) is currently unconstrained as IR continuum observations are time-consuming and not feasible for large samples. We present Atacama Large Millimetre Array Band 8 observations of four main-sequence galaxies at z ∼ 5.5 to study their IR SED shape in detail. Our continuum data (rest-frame 110 $\rm \mu m$, close to the peak of IR emission) allows us to constrain luminosity-weighted dust temperatures and total IR luminosities. With data at longer wavelengths, we measure for the first time the emissivity index at these redshifts to provide more robust estimates of molecular gas masses based on dust continuum. The Band 8 observations of three out of four galaxies can only be reconciled with optically thin emission redward of rest-frame $100\, {\rm \mu m}$. The derived dust peak temperatures at z ∼ 5.5 ($30\!-\!43\, {\rm K}$) are elevated compared to average local galaxies, however, $\sim 10\, {\rm K}$ below what would be predicted from an extrapolation of the trend at z &lt; 4. This behaviour can be explained by decreasing dust abundance (or density) towards high redshifts, which would cause the IR SED at the peak to be more optically thin, making hot dust more visible to the external observer. From the $850{\hbox{-}}{\rm \mu m}$ dust continuum, we derive molecular gas masses between 1010 and $10^{11}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ and gas fractions (gas over total mass) of $30\!-\!80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (gas depletion times of $100\!-\!220\, {\rm Myr}$). All in all, our results provide a first measured benchmark SED to interpret future millimetre observations of normal, main-sequence galaxies in the early Universe.
Using strong gravitational lensing to probe the post-reionization H i power spectrum
Authors: Arora Urvashi , Dutta Prasun 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Probing statistical distribution of the neutral hydrogen (H i) using the redshifted 21-cm hyperfine-transition spectral line holds the key to understand the formation and evolution of the matter density in the Universe. The two-point statistics of the H i distribution can be estimated by measuring the power spectrum of the redshifted 21-cm signal using visibility correlation. A major challenge in this regard is that the expected signal is weak compared to the foreground contribution from the Galactic synchrotron emission and extragalactic point sources in the observing frequencies. In this work, we investigate the possibility of detecting the power spectrum of the redshifted 21-cm signal by using strong gravitational lensing of the galaxy clusters. This method has the advantage that it only enhances the H i signal and not the diffuse Galactic foreground. Based on four simple models of the cluster potentials, we show that the strong lenses at relatively lower redshifts with more than one dark matter halo significantly enhance the 21-cm signal from the post-reionization era. We discuss the merits and demerits of the method and the future studies required for further investigations.
Beyond moments: relativistic lattice Boltzmann methods for radiative transport in computational astrophysics
Authors: Weih L R , Gabbana A , Simeoni D , Rezzolla L , Succi S , Tripiccione R 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a new method for the numerical solution of the radiative-transfer equation (RTE) in multidimensional scenarios commonly encountered in computational astrophysics. The method is based on the direct solution of the Boltzmann equation via an extension of the lattice Boltzmann (LB) equation and allows to model the evolution of the radiation field as it interacts with a background fluid, via absorption, emission, and scattering. As a first application of this method, we restrict our attention to a frequency independent (‘grey’) formulation within a special-relativistic framework, which can be employed also for classical computational astrophysics. For a number of standard tests that consider the performance of the method in optically thin, optically thick, and intermediate regimes with a static fluid, we show the ability of the LB method to produce accurate and convergent results matching the analytic solutions. We also contrast the LB method with commonly employed moment-based schemes for the solution of the RTE, such as the M1 scheme. In this way, we are able to highlight that the LB method provides the correct solution for both non-trivial free-streaming scenarios and the intermediate optical-depth regime, for which the M1 method either fails or provides inaccurate solutions. When coupling to a dynamical fluid, on the other hand, we present the first self-consistent solution of the RTE with LB methods within a relativistic-hydrodynamic scenario. Finally, we show that besides providing more accurate results in all regimes, the LB method features smaller or comparable computational costs compared to the M1 scheme.
Galaxy bias and σ8 from counts in cells from the SDSS main sample
Authors: Repp Andrew , Szapudi István 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The counts-in-cells (CIC) galaxy probability distribution depends on both the dark matter clustering amplitude σ8 and the galaxy bias b. We present a theory for the CIC distribution based on a previous prescription of the underlying dark matter distribution and a linear volume transformation to redshift space. We show that, unlike the power spectrum, the CIC distribution breaks the degeneracy between σ8 and b on scales large enough that both bias and redshift distortions are still linear; thus, we obtain a simultaneous fit for both parameters. We first validate the technique on the Millennium Simulation and then apply it to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey main galaxy sample. We find σ8 = 0.92 ± .08 and $b = 1.39^{+.11}_{-.09}$ consistent with previous complementary results from redshift distortions and from Planck.
Locked nucleic acid building blocks as versatile tools for advanced G-quadruplex design
Authors: Haase Linn , Weisz Klaus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A hybrid-type G-quadruplex is modified with LNA (locked nucleic acid) and 2′-F-riboguanosine in various combinations at the two syn positions of its third antiparallel G-tract. LNA substitution in the central tetrad causes a complete rearrangement to either a V-loop or antiparallel structure, depending on further modifications at the 5′-neighboring site. In the two distinct structural contexts, LNA-induced stabilization is most effective compared to modifications with other G surrogates, highlighting a potential use of LNA residues for designing not only parallel but various more complex G4 structures. For instance, the conventional V-loop is a structural element strongly favored by an LNA modification at the V-loop 3′-end in contrast with an alternative V-loop, clearly distinguishable by altered conformational properties and base-backbone interactions as shown in a detailed analysis of V-loop structures.
Inference and multiscale model of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via single-cell transcriptomic data
Authors: Sha Yutong , Wang Shuxiong , Zhou Peijie , Nie Qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Rapid growth of single-cell transcriptomic data provides unprecedented opportunities for close scrutinizing of dynamical cellular processes. Through investigating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we develop an integrative tool that combines unsupervised learning of single-cell transcriptomic data and multiscale mathematical modeling to analyze transitions during cell fate decision. Our approach allows identification of individual cells making transition between all cell states, and inference of genes that drive transitions. Multiscale extractions of single-cell scale outputs naturally reveal intermediate cell states (ICS) and ICS-regulated transition trajectories, producing emergent population-scale models to be explored for design principles. Testing on the newly designed single-cell gene regulatory network model and applying to twelve published single-cell EMT datasets in cancer and embryogenesis, we uncover the roles of ICS on adaptation, noise attenuation, and transition efficiency in EMT, and reveal their trade-off relations. Overall, our unsupervised learning method is applicable to general single-cell transcriptomic datasets, and our integrative approach at single-cell resolution may be adopted for other cell fate transition systems beyond EMT.
Comprehensive classification of ABC ATPases and their functional radiation in nucleoprotein dynamics and biological conflict systems
Authors: Krishnan Arunkumar , Burroughs A Maxwell , Iyer Lakshminarayan M , Aravind L 
Published: August 2020

AbstractABC ATPases form one of the largest clades of P-loop NTPase fold enzymes that catalyze ATP-hydrolysis and utilize its free energy for a staggering range of functions from transport to nucleoprotein dynamics. Using sensitive sequence and structure analysis with comparative genomics, for the first time we provide a comprehensive classification of the ABC ATPase superfamily. ABC ATPases developed structural hallmarks that unambiguously distinguish them from other P-loop NTPases such as an alternative to arginine-finger-based catalysis. At least five and up to eight distinct clades of ABC ATPases are reconstructed as being present in the last universal common ancestor. They underwent distinct phases of structural innovation with the emergence of inserts constituting conserved binding interfaces for proteins or nucleic acids and the adoption of a unique dimeric toroidal configuration for DNA-threading. Specifically, several clades have also extensively radiated in counter-invader conflict systems where they serve as nodal nucleotide-dependent sensory and energetic components regulating a diversity of effectors (including some previously unrecognized) acting independently or together with restriction-modification systems. We present a unified mechanism for ABC ATPase function across disparate systems like RNA editing, translation, metabolism, DNA repair, and biological conflicts, and some unexpected recruitments, such as MutS ATPases in secondary metabolism.
Control over π-π stacking of heteroheptacene-based nonfullerene acceptors for 16% efficiency polymer solar cells
Authors: Ma Yunlong , Cai Dongdong , Wan Shuo , Yin Pan , Wang Pengsong , Lin Wenyuan , Zheng Qingdong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors are being investigated for use in polymer solar cells (PSCs), with their advantages of extending the absorption range, reducing the energy loss and therefore enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, to further boost the PCE, mobilities of these nonfullerene acceptors should be improved. For nonfullerene acceptors, the π–π stacking distance between cofacially stacked molecules significantly affects their mobility. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to increase the mobility of heteroheptacene-based nonfullerene acceptors by reducing their π–π stacking distances via control over the bulkiness of lateral side chains. Incorporation of 2-butyloctyl substituents into the nonfullerene acceptor (M36) leads to an increased mobility with a reduced π–π stacking distance of 3.45 Å. Consequently, M36 affords an enhanced PCE of 16%, which is the highest among all acceptor-donor-acceptor-type nonfullerene acceptors to date. This strategy of control over the bulkiness of side chains on nonfullerene acceptors should aid the development of more efficient PSCs.
“Is a Bird in the Hand Worth 5 in the Bush?”: A Comparison of 3 Data-to-Care Referral Strategies on HIV Care Continuum Outcomes in San Francisco
Authors: Sachdev Darpun D , Mara Elise , Hughes Alison J , Antunez Erin , Kohn Robert , Cohen Stephanie , Scheer Susan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Health departments utilize HIV surveillance data to identify people with HIV (PWH) who need re-linkage to HIV care as part of an approach known as Data to Care (D2C.) The most accurate, effective, and efficient method of identifying PWH for re-linkage is unknown.

Methods
We evaluated referral and care continuum outcomes among PWH identified using 3 D2C referral strategies: health care providers, surveillance, and a combination list derived by matching an electronic medical record registry to HIV surveillance. PWH who were enrolled in the re-linkage intervention received short-term case management for up to 90 days. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare proportions of PWH retained and virally suppressed before and after re-linkage. Durable viral suppression was defined as having suppressed viral loads at all viral load measurements in the 12 months after re-linkage.

Results
After initial investigation, 233 (24%) of 954 referrals were located and enrolled in navigation. Although the numbers of surveillance and provider referrals were similar, 72% of enrolled PWH were identified by providers, 16% by surveillance, and 12% by combination list. Overall, retention and viral suppression improved, although relative increases in retention and viral suppression were only significant among individuals identified by surveillance or providers. Seventy percent of PWH who achieved viral suppression after the intervention remained durably virally suppressed.

Conclusions
PWH referred by providers were more likely to be located and enrolled in navigation than PWH identified by surveillance or combination lists. Overall, D2C re-linkage efforts improved retention, viral suppression, and durable viral suppression.
Transition to Transradial Access for Mechanical Thrombectomy—Lessons Learned and Comparison to Transfemoral Access in a Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Munich Stephan A , Vakharia Kunal , McPheeters Matthew J , Waqas Muhammad , Tso Michael K , Levy Elad I , Snyder Kenneth V , Siddiqui Adnan H , Davies Jason M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Trends in mechanical thrombectomy have emphasized larger bore aspiration catheters that may be difficult to deploy from a radial access point due to size constraints or need to obtain sheathless access. As such, many neurointerventionists are reticent to attempt thrombectomy through transradial access (TRA) for fear of worse outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To explore whether mechanical thrombectomy could be achieved safely and effectively through the transradial route.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy at our academic institute between January 2018 and January 2019, which corresponded to a time when we began to transition to TRA for neurointerventions, including mechanical thrombectomy. We compared the procedural details and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy using TRA with those using transfemoral access (TFA).

RESULTS
During the study period, 44 patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy with TRA and 129 with TFA. There was no statistically significant difference in door-to-access time, door-to-reperfusion time, or first-pass recanalization rate. There was no significant difference in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge, mRS score at last follow-up, or length of stay. There were 7 access-site complications in the TFA group and none in the TRA group. One patient in the TRA group required crossover to TFA.

CONCLUSION
Mechanical thrombectomy can be performed safely and effectively from a TRA site without compromising recanalization times or rates. TRA has superior access-site complication profiles compared to TFA.
Who Am I? Who Are We? Exploring the Factors That Contribute to Work-Related Identities in Policing
Authors: Workman-Stark Angela L 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing social identity theory, this study examines the conditions under which police officers become attached (or not) to their organization and to their work, and whether one’s sex influences these relationships. Through an analysis of secondary survey data collected from a large Canadian police organization, the study found that fair treatment and psychological safety were significantly related to officers’ identification with their organization, and in turn, their work. The findings also demonstrated that when officers perceived their workplace as a masculinity contest, they were less likely to identify with their organization. Additionally, perceptions of a masculinity contest were associated with a greater likelihood that officers reported lower levels of psychological safety, and this effect was more significant for female officers. While women overall were no less likely than men to be attached to their organization or their occupational role, women who perceived their workplace as psychologically less safe reported lower levels of identification. The study also found that race and level within the organization may have a greater effect than sex on work-related identification. Overall, the study makes a significant contribution to the nascent literature on work-related identification and policing, as well as to the body of research on women in policing.
When Is Pure Bundling Optimal?
Authors: Haghpanah Nima , Hartline Jason 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study when pure bundling, i.e., offering only the grand bundle of all products, is optimal for a multi-product monopolist. Pure bundling is optimal if consumers with higher values for the grand bundle have higher relative values for smaller bundles compared to the grand bundle. Conversely, pure bundling is not optimal if consumers with higher values for the grand bundle have lower relative values. We prove the results by decomposing the problem into simpler ones in which types can be ranked according to their values for the grand bundle.
Epidural Analgesia During Childbirth and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: A Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Eckerdal P. , Kollia N. , Karlsson L. , Skoog-Svanberg A. , Wikström A.K. , Högberg U. , Skalkidou A. 
Published: August 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:615–624)
Although epidural analgesia (EDA) offers effective pain relief during childbirth, no evidence exists to substantiate an improved sense of control, nor an overall satisfaction with the childbirth experience. In addition, its risks in regard to postpartum depression (PPD) remain unclear. As PPD can have a 19% prevalence (depending on cultural and geographical distribution), identifying common and easily modifiable factors could contribute to clinical recommendations concerning pain relief during childbirth. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EDA and PPD, with the hypothesis that undergoing EDA during childbirth would be associated with a lower risk of PPD.
Analgesia Use Among 984 Women With Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Observational Single-center Study
Authors: Beilin Y. , Katz D.J. 
Published: August 2020

(J Clin Anesth. 2020;62:109741)
Preeclampsia is a multisystem disease that affects the coagulation system and platelets of 3% to 5% of all patients, and accounts for 16% of all prenatal thrombocytopenia cases. Routine neuraxial analgesia/anesthesia procedures carry a risk of the patient developing a spinal epidural hematoma, which is problematic for parturients with coagulation disorders. While health administrative bodies have advised that care providers consider platelet count before neuraxial anesthesia placement in preeclamptic patients, there is currently no agreed-upon minimum platelet count considered safe for a neuraxial anesthetic procedure. Beilin and colleagues conducted this study of preeclamptic patients to measure the frequency of platelet count <100,000 mm3, as well as to observe the percentage decrease in platelet count during the 72-hour period before delivery.
How Women Are Treated During Facility-Based Childbirth in Four Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study With Labor Observations and Community-based Surveys
Authors: Bohren M.A. , Mehrtash H. , Fawole B. , Maung T.M. , Balde M.D. , Maya E. , Thwin S.S. , Aderoba A.K. , Vogel J.P. , Irinyenikan T.A. , Adeyanju A.O. , Mon N.O. , Adu-Bonsaffoh K. , Landoulsi S. , Guure C. , Adanu R. , Diallo B.A. , Gülmezoglu A.M. , Soumah A.-M. , Sall A.O. , Tunçalp Ö. 
Published: August 2020

(Lancet. 2019;394:1750–1763)
While quality of obstetric care has been examined in low- and middle-income countries, including life-saving interventions and health outcomes, maternal experience is often left out of these evaluations. There is established evidence across the world of mistreatment during childbirth, including physical and verbal abuse, nonconsent for procedures performed, and discrimination. Previous studies on this mistreatment have varied widely in their methods, including location, timing and populations, presenting challenges in making cross-study comparisons. The current investigators aimed to develop tools for collecting data on the burden of mistreatment which can be compared across contexts. The study consisted of formative and measurement phases. The formative phase involved systematic reviews and qualitative research conducted in Nigeria, Ghana, Guinea, and Myanmar. Data from this phase informed the measurement phase, which included both continuous observations during labor and community-based postpartum surveys to measure the prevalence of mistreatment during childbirth in those countries. This article reported only on the measurement phase of the study.
Physiological and Psychological Stress Responses to Labor and Delivery as Expressed by Salivary Cortisol: A Prospective Study
Authors: Miller N. , Asali A.A. , Agassi-Zaitler M. , Neumark E. , Eisenberg M.M. , Hadi E. , Elbaz M. , Pasternak Y. , Fishman A. , Biron-Shental T. 
Published: August 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221:351.e1–351.e7)
Pregnant women experience both physiological stress and psychological stress during labor and delivery, but research is limited on measurement of stress levels during labor. Previous studies on physiological stress during labor have found a significant increase of total and free plasma cortisol concentrations; this increase is considered to be crucial for helping labor progression and promoting maternal and fetal well-being. While there are few studies on psychological stress during labor, researchers found epidural anesthesia helps alleviate women’s anxiety. In addition, postpartum stress levels can affect breastfeeding duration and health care service usage. The objective of this prospective, observational study was to accurately record the levels of physiological and psychological stress during labor to determine their effect on obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
Are Peripartum Stress-Dose Steroids Necessary?
Authors: Sylvester-Armstrong K.R. , Duff P. , Genç M.R. 
Published: August 2020

(Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:522–525)
The practice of administering stress-dose steroids for all corticosteroid-treated patients undergoing vaginal or cesarean delivery has been in place since the 1950s, despite the inconsistencies in the research that recommends this tradition. Present-day studies, such as a 2014 study by Zaghiyan and colleagues, indicate that perioperative corticosteroids do not have a measurable effect on a patient’s risk of hemodynamic instability. Sylvester-Armstrong and colleagues have examined a number of studies related to steroid administration to assert that stress-dose steroids are unnecessary for labor and delivery and the aforementioned practice should be retired.