bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Deposition of PdBiSn Catalyst for Glycerol Oxidation in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Xaba Nqobile , Modibedi Remegia M. , Mathe Mkhulu K. , Khotseng Lindiwe E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPdBiSn thin film on Au substrate was prepared by means of the electrochemical atomic layer deposition (E‐ALD) technique. The morphology and elemental distribution of the catalysts was determined using scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector. The catalysts contained all the deposited elements distributed evenly on the surface. Electro‐oxidation of glycerol was tested in alkaline media using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The activity of the catalysts towards the oxidation of glycerol improved with the addition of Sn and Bi with the binary PdBi catalyst being the most improved.
How female × male and male × male interactions influence competitive fertilization inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lüpold Stefan , Reil Jonathan Bradley , Manier Mollie K. , Zeender Valérian , Belote John M. , Pitnick Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow males and females contribute to joint reproductive success has been a long-standing question in sexual selection. Under postcopulatory sexual selection, paternity success is predicted to derive from complex interactions among females engaging in cryptic female choice and males engaging in sperm competition. Such interactions have been identified as potential sources of genetic variation in sexually selected traits but are also expected to inhibit trait diversification. To date, studies of interactions between females and competing males have focused almost exclusively on genotypes and not phenotypic variation in sexually selected traits. Here, we characterize within- and between-sex interactions in Drosophila melanogaster using isogenic lines with heritable variation in both male and female traits known to influence competitive fertilization. We confirmed, and expanded on, previously reported genotypic interactions within and between the sexes, and showed that several reproductive events, including sperm transfer, female sperm ejection, and sperm storage, were explained by two- and three-way interactions among sex-specific phenotypes. We also documented complex interactions between the lengths of competing males’ sperm and the female seminal receptacle, which are known to have experienced rapid female-male co-diversification. Our results highlight the nonindependence of sperm competition and cryptic female choice and demonstrate that complex interactions between the sexes do not limit the ability of multivariate systems to respond to directional sexual selection.
Detection and classification of breast cancer from digital mammograms using hybrid extreme learning machine classifier
Authors: Melekoodappattu Jayesh George , Subbian Perumal Sankar , Queen M. P. Flower 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBreast imaging technique called mammography has gained bigger attention among the researchers for the diagnosis of breast malignancy in the woman. Mammogram screening is the most effective procedure to visualize various potential problems in the breast. The two most common features connected with breast tumors are mass lesions and microcalcification. The collection of suitable image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, selection and prediction algorithms play an essential role in the accurate detection and classification of cancer on mammograms. Classification techniques estimate unlabeled datasets class labeling depending on its similarity to the pattern learned. The Glowworm Swarm Optimization(GSO) algorithm is ideal for finding several solutions, and dissimilar or equivalent objective function values at the same time. This feature of GSO is useful for optimizing the feature set obtained from multiscale feature extraction procedures. Poor performance in generalization is the issue that arises due to the unconditioned output matrix of the hidden stage of the ELM classifier. The optimization algorithms will address this matter because of their global search capabilities. This article suggests ELM with the Fruitfly Optimization Algorithm (ELM‐FOA) along with GSO to regulate the input weight to achieve maximal performance at the hidden node of the ELM. The testing precision and sensitivity of GSO‐ELM‐FOA are 100% and 97.91%, respectively. The system developed will detect the calcifications and tumors with an accuracy of 99.15%.
Multimodal vibrational studies of drug uptake in vitro: Is the whole greater than the sum of their parts?
Authors: Perez‐Guaita David , Chrabaszcz Karolina , Malek Kamilla , Byrne Hugh J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHerein, we investigated the use of multimodal Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopic microscopy for the elucidation of drug uptake and subsequent cellular responses. Firstly, we compared different methods for the analysis of the combined data. Secondly, we evaluated whether the combined analysis provided enough benefits to justify the fusion of the data. A459 cells inoculated with doxorubicin (DOX) at different times were fixed and analysed using each technique. Raman spectroscopy provided high sensitivity to DOX and enabled an accurate estimation of the drug uptake at each time point, whereas IR provided a better insight into the resultant changes in the biochemical composition of the cell. In terms of benefits of data fusion, 2D correlation analysis allowed the study of the relationship between IR and Raman variables, whereas the joint analysis of IR and Raman enabled the correlation of the different variables to be monitored over time. In summary, the complementary nature of IR and Raman makes the combination of these vibrational techniques an appealing tool to follow drug kinetics and cellular response.
Concurrent environmental enrichment and chronic restraint stress: Effects on innate anxiety and depressive‐like behavior in male adolescent mice
Authors: Mao Yu , Chen Yanmei , Yang Xiaomi , Wang Jianhong , Ge Longjiao , Fu Juan , Sun Huaying , Ma Yuanye 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdolescence is a period that exhibits both vulnerability and adaptation to environmental stimulus. This study explored the co‐existence effect of environmental enrichment (EE) and restraint stress (RS) on innate anxiety and depressive‐like behavior in adolescent mice. Male ICR mice were treated with daily EE and RS (4 h/d or 8 h/d) for 2 or 4 weeks from early adolescence (postnatal day 30) and emotional behaviors were evaluated 24 h after the end of treatment. 4 weeks of 8 h RS treatment decreased immobility time in forced swimming test, demonstrating an antidepressant‐like effect. For 2 weeks of treatment, 8 h RS significantly reduced the time spent in the lighted compartment of the light‐dark box, indicating an increased anxiety level. These results show that under the present experimental design, RS treatment with different duration could have different effect on mice emotion‐related behavior, but there was no interaction between EE and RS.
Gross morphology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of the stink bug predator Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff)
Authors: Gao Ping , Liao Xianbin , Wu Guoxing , Li Lifang , Lan Mingxian , Hussain Mehboob , Chen Bin , Tang Guowen , Xie Yonghui , Gao Xi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEocanthecona furcellata Wolff (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a native generalist predator which attacks and kills its prey by first inserting its stylet into the prey's body and then injecting saliva into it. Here, we describe the histology and ultrastructure of its salivary glands. The study showed that the salivary glands were made up of pairs of principal and tubular accessory salivary glands. The principal salivary glands were bilobed and consisted of a smaller anterior lobe and a larger elongated posterior lobe. The ducts of the principal and accessory salivary glands were located in a narrow region between the anterior and posterior lobe known as the hilum. The principal salivary gland was lined with a single‐layered epithelium. The cells cytoplasm was enriched with rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory, and the nucleus showed a higher level of uncondensed chromatin. The basal region of the cell had plasma membrane infoldings. The cytoplasm of the accessory gland was rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and many large cavities. The ducts of the principal salivary gland were made up of a single layer of flattened cells which had a thin cuticle lining the apical portion. Variation in the lumen content of the different lobes, which made up the principal gland suggested that their chemical products also varied. These results indicate that these two salivary glands produce the proteins found in the saliva.
Circ_0000144 facilitates the progression of thyroid cancer via the miR‐217/AKT3 pathway
Authors: Fan Yi‐Xiang , Shi Huan‐Yang , Hu Yu‐Lin , Jin Xiao‐Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Circular RNA (circRNA) is vital in the regulation of tumor progression. Circ_0000144 serves as a novel oncogenic circRNA, and miR‐217 is reported to inhibit the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells by targeting AKT3 in TC. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of circ_0000144 and miR‐217 in the progression of TC.MethodsCirc_0000144 expression in 32 pairs of TC tissues and different TC cell lines (including BCPAP, K1, H7H83, and TPC‐1) was detected by employing a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Circ_0000144 small interfering RNA was used to establish loss‐of‐function models. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), BrdU (5‐bromo‐2'‐deoxyuridine) and transwell assays were utilized to verify the effects of circ_0000144 on TC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Bioinformatics, western blotting, a luciferase reporter experiment and qRT‐PCR were employed to confirm the relationships among circ_0000144, miR‐217 and AKT3.ResultsCirc_0000144 expression was remarkably elevated in TC tissues (p < 0.001) and TC cell lines. The elevation of circ_0000144 expression was markedly linked to tumor size (p = 0.015), TNM stage (p = 0.025) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.017) of the patients. Functional studies showed that knocking down circ_0000144 repressed the malignancy of TC cells. Furthermore, miR‐217 was identified as a downstream target of circ_0000144; inhibition of miR‐217 could reverse the effects induced by circ_0000144 knockdown. Moreover, circ_0000144 could regulate AKT3 expression by suppressing miR‐217 expression.ConclusionsCirc_0000144 exerts a cancer‐promoting effect on TC cells via the miR‐217/AKT3 pathway.
Metagenomic analysis of microbial community succession during the pickling process of Zhacai (preserved mustard tuber) and its correlation with Zhacai biochemical indices
Authors: Yang Jixia , Li Fengzhu , Zhang Yuli , He Zhifei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIndustrial Fuling Zhacai is pickled by a method summarized as ‘three times pickled and pressed’, in which raw mustard tubers are subjected to three stages of pickling in different salt concentrations, with a pressing operation at the end of each stage to remove brine. This study used Illumina MiSeq technology and multivariate statistical analyses to investigate microbial community succession during the pickling process and its correlation with Zhacai biochemical indices.RESULTSA total of 19 phyla, 208 genera, and 295 species of bacteria were identified. Lactobacillus was the dominant genus of bacteria in all three stages and Lactobacillus sakei was the dominant species in the first and second stages. A total of six phyla, 200 genera and 301 species of fungi were also identified. According to a PICRUSt2 prediction, the main functions of the bacterial and fungal communities were carbohydrate and protein metabolism, while alcohol metabolism was also a function of fungi. Nine bacterial genera closely correlated with Zhacai biochemical indices: Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, Erwinia, Lactobacillus, Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium, Duganella, and Paenarthrobacter. Six genera of fungi correlated closely: Penicillium, Cystobasidium, Cladosporium, Plenodomus, Aspergillus, and Simplicillium. All these genera probably originated from the surface microorganisms of raw mustard tuber.CONCLUSIONThis study reveals the succession patterns of microbial community structures during the pickling process of industrial Zhacai and infers the core functional flora, providing reference data for Zhacai pickling process control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Tracing the Origins of “Cauliflower Ear” and Its Earlier Names over Two Millenia
Authors: Mudry Albert , Jackler Robert K. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe post‐traumatic ear deformity, known today as cauliflower ear, has been described since antiquity. It has long been associated with pugilistic sports (wrestling, boxing) as well as among the mentally ill. The aim of this study is to present the various terms used since antiquity to describe these traumatic deformations of the auricle and to trace the origin of the modern moniker “cauliflower ear.”MethodsHistorical study, only based on original documentation accessed through personal libraries and universities repositories, completed with online sources and etymological dictionaries.ResultsWe were able to identify no fewer than 39 names for the deformity. The term cauliflower ear is of relatively recent origin. It was coined in the first decade of the 20th century, initially in the popular press and subsequently adopted by the medical profession.ConclusionIronically, the deformity has only superficial resemblance to a cauliflower. The vegetable, which is part of the cabbage family, has a symmetrical and highly ordered fractal geometry with well‐circumscribed excrescences. Cauliflower ear, by contrast, notably lacks symmetry and its rounded protuberances flow into one another. Although somewhat a misnomer, the term is deeply rooted in both popular and medical culture.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:E1315–E1321, 2021
A novel UBE3A sequence variant identified in eight related individuals with neurodevelopmental delay, results in a phenotype which does not match the clinical criteria of Angelman syndrome
Authors: Geerts‐Haages Amber , Bossuyt Stijn N. V. , den Besten Inge , Bruggenwirth Hennie , van der Burgt Ineke , Yntema Helger G. , Punt A. Mattijs , Brooks Alice , Elgersma Ype , Distel Ben , Valstar Marlies 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLoss of functional UBE3A, an E3 protein ubiquitin ligase, causes Angelman syndrome (AS), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe developmental delay, speech impairment, epilepsy, movement or balance disorder, and a characteristic behavioral pattern. We identified a novel UBE3A sequence variant in a large family with eight affected individuals, who did not meet the clinical AS criteria.MethodsDetailed clinical examination and genetic analysis was performed to establish the phenotypic diversity and the genetic cause. The function of the mutant UBE3A protein was assessed with respect to its subcellular localization, stability, and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.ResultsAll eight affected individuals showed the presence of a novel maternally inherited UBE3A sequence variant (NM_130838.4(UBE3A):c.1018‐1020del, p.(Asn340del), which is in line with a genetic AS diagnosis. Although they presented with moderate to severe intellectual disability, the phenotype did not match the clinical criteria for AS. In line with this, functional analysis of the UBE3A p.Asn340del mutant protein revealed no major deficits in UBE3A protein localization, stability, or E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.ConclusionThe p.(Asn340del) mutant protein behaves distinctly different from previously described AS‐linked missense mutations in UBE3A, and causes a phenotype that is markedly different from AS. This study further extends the range of phenotypes that are associated with UBE3A loss, duplication, or mutation.
Two‐ and Three‐dimensional Quantitative Structure‐activity Relationship Models Based on Conformer Structures
Authors: Nitta Fumika , Kaneko Hiromasa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn three‐dimensional (3D)‐quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, the chemical structure of a studied molecule is typically optimized assuming its presence in a vacuum environment. However, in practical scenarios, the environment of even the most stable molecules contains water, proteins, and other species; therefore, their actual structures significantly differ from those in vacuum and have multiple structures. Herein, both two‐dimensional and 3D molecular descriptors, which accepted the existence of multiple conformers, were calculated, and a conformer‐based 3D‐QSAR model (C3D‐QSAR) that considered the chemical structures of conformers was developed. The prediction accuracy of the C3D‐QSAR method determined by analyzing the data sets obtained for the angiotensin‐converting enzyme and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors was found to be higher than those of the existing QSAR models.
Simultaneous inversion of two initial values for a time‐fractional diffusion‐wave equation
Authors: Zhang Yun , Wei Ting , Zhang Yuan‐Xiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study is devoted to recovering two initial values for a time‐fractional diffusion‐wave equation from boundary Cauchy data. We provide the uniqueness result for recovering two initial values simultaneously by the method of Laplace transformation and analytic continuation. And then we use a nonstationary iterative Tikhonov regularization method to solve the inverse problem and propose a finite dimensional approximation algorithm to find good approximations to the initial values. Numerical examples in one‐ and two‐dimensional cases are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synthesis, characterization and chemical sensor applications of pyrene side‐functional polylactide copolymers
Authors: Doganci Erdinc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel polylactide (PLA) polymer containing pyrene side groups (P2) was synthesized and employed as a nitroaromatic compound (NAC) and heavy metal ion (HMI) sensing chemical probe. P2 was prepared in a four‐step reaction sequence, including azidification, esterification, ring opening polymerization and click reactions. First, an azido functional cyclic carbonate monomer (ADTC) was synthesized and then a copolymer of l‐lactide and ADTC monomers was synthesized to obtain PLA with azido functional groups (P(LA‐co‐ADTC), P1). Finally, P1 was modified with pyrene groups using ‘click chemistry’ which is a highly effective modification method (P2). The chemical structures and molecular characteristics of the obtained polymers were clearly verified via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR analysis techniques and the fluorescence properties were examined via UV–visible and fluorescence spectrometry. The prepared P2 polymers were employed as a fluorescent probe towards certain HMI (Zn2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Co2+) compounds and NACs (1,2‐dinitrobenzene, 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA), 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP), 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene, 4‐nitrotoluene). The fluorescence intensity of the P2 polymers was gradually reduced upon the addition of NACs and HMIs. For all compounds, the highest quenching efficiencies were attained in the presence of PA (94.03%), 4‐NP (91.11%) and 2,4‐DNP (89.08%). Because of its simplicity and sensitivity, the proposed P2 polymers can be especially considered as potential chemical probes to detect NACs. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Synthesis of a two‐dimensional porphyrin framework connected by 1,3‐diyne linkages via in situ deprotection of trimethylsilicon at a water/oil interface
Authors: Tan Xianyang , Li Chan , Li Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping two‐dimensional (2D) porphyrin frameworks is a hot topic in the research of 2D materials. Glaser reaction between terminal alkyne monomers at an interface is promising for creating 2D polymers, such as graphdiyne. However, the coupling reaction between terminal alkyne–porphyrin monomers is impossible due to insolubility in low‐polarity solvents. Herein we used a trimethylsilicon (TMS)‐protected precursor as monomer directly and the above problem was solved by in situ deprotection of TMS at a water/toluene interface. The obtained 2D porphyrin framework connected by 1,3‐diyne linkages exhibits nanometer thickness and can be free‐standing under ambient conditions. This method not only reduces the workload of monomer synthesis, but also overcomes the limitation of Glaser reaction for producing 2D polymer films at an interface when the terminal alkyne monomer is insoluble in nonpolar solvents. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
SUPER STARCHY1/ONAC025 participates in rice grain filling
Authors: Mathew Iny Elizebeth , Priyadarshini Richa , Mahto Arunima , Jaiswal Priya , Parida Swarup K. , Agarwal Pinky 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNAC transcription factors (TFs) are known for their role in development and stress. This article attempts to functionally validate the role of rice SS1/ ONAC025 (LOC_Os11g31330) during seed development. The gene is seed‐specific and its promoter directs reporter expression in the developing endosperm and embryo in rice transgenic plants. Furthermore, rice transgenic plants ectopically expressing SS1/ ONAC025 have a plantlet lethal phenotype with hampered vegetative growth, but increased tillers and an altered shoot apical meristem structure. The vegetative cells of these plantlets are filled with distinct starch granules. RNAseq analysis of two independent plantlets reveals the differential expression of reproductive and photosynthetic genes. A comparison with seed development transcriptome indicates differential regulation of many seed‐related genes by SS1/ ONAC025. Genes involved in starch biosynthesis, especially amylopectin and those encoding seed storage proteins, and regulating seed size are also differentially expressed. In conjunction, SS1/ ONAC025 shows highest expression in japonica rice. As a TF, SS1/ ONAC025 is a transcriptional repressor localized to endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. The article shows that SS1/ ONAC025 is a seed‐specific gene promoting grain filling in rice, and negatively affecting vegetative growth.