bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there common mechanisms of aneuploidy-related abortion and defects in fetus?
Authors: Xie Liangqun , Lu Chan , Huang Fang , Li Xun , Huang Jingrui , Dai Lei , Xie Mingkun , Li Jingzhi , Zhang Weishe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Monosomies and trisomies, as the most common aneuploid abnormalities, are the leading causes of miscarriages and fetal defects in humans. Although there is evidence suggested that aneuploid may have some common aspects, their common mechanism still remains unclear. This studies objective was to explore the common mechanism of monosomies and trisomies, with a purpose to identify some critical biomarkers and pathway so as to early diagnosis and effective therapy.Methods: We obtained the mRNA expression profile of GSE114559 including 101 samples data from GEO database. These data include normal, every monosomic, and trisomic transcriptome. We conducted Limma analysis by using the adj. p<0.05 and |FC|>1 criteria to identify all monosomy-related, trisomy-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and also to found their overlapping DEGs through Venn diagram. We then performed Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction(PPI) network analysis to find the functional, pathways and hub genes in these DEGs. We carried out weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to further detect the candidate genes and pathways related to all DEGs and their overlappling DEGs. Finally, we further used qPCR to certify pathological change of specific genes. Results: We identified all monosomy-related, trisomy-related DEGs, and their overlapping DEGs which were enriched by spliceosome, thyroid hormone, infection-related genes and signalling pathways. We also found that epigenetic related pathways were significantly enriched in the DEGs of monosomies by GO, KEGG. We explode the hub gene and module in the DEGs of monosomies and the overlapping DEGs by PPI. Then, we found that spliceosome, thyroid hormone, infection-related genes and signalling pathways were enriched in all DEGs group and the overlapping DEGs group by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Finally, we certified some hub gene in the trisomy 21, 47, XYY samples from clinical patients by qPCR which were consistent with results of PPI analysis.Conclusion: Our study indicates the potential common mechanism underlining spliceosome, thyroid hormone and infection-related signalling pathways for both monosomies and trisomies, and the mechanism underling epigenetic for monosomies.
Impact of lockdown on Covid-19 Case Fatality Rate and Viral Mutations Spread.
Authors: Pachetti Maria , Marini Bruna , Giudici Fabiola , Benedetti Francesca , Angeletti Silvia , Ciccozzi Massimo , Masciovecchio Claudio , Ipprodrino Rudy , Zella Davide 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China and has become a public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11th, 2020 and the same month several countries put in place different lockdown restrictions and testing strategies in order to contain the spread of the virus. MethodsThe calculation of the Case Fatality Rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the countries selected was made by using the data available at https://github.com/owid/covi-19-data/tree/master/public/data. Case fatality rate was calculated as the ratio between the death cases due to COVID-19, over the total number of SARS-CoV-2 reported cases 14 days before. Standard Case Fatality Rate values were normalized by the country-specific ρ factor, i.e. the number of PCR tests/1 million inhabitants over the number of reported cases/1 million inhabitants. Case-fatality rates between countries were compared using proportion test. Post-hoc analysis in the case of more than two groups was performed using pairwise comparison of proportions and p-value was adjusted using Holm method.We also analyzed 487 genomic sequences from the GISAID database derived from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 from January 2020 to April 2020 in Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Sweden, UK and USA. SARS-CoV-2 reference genome was obtained from the GenBank database (NC_045512.2). Genomes alignment was performed using Muscle and Jalview software. We, then, calculated the Case Fatality Rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the countries selected ResultsIn this study we analyse how different lockdown strategies and PCR testing capability adopted by Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, UK and USA have influenced the Case Fatality Rate and the viral mutations spread. We calculated case fatality rates by dividing the death number of a specific day by the number of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection observed 14 days before and normalized by a ρ factor which takes into account the diagnostic PCR testing capability of each country and the number of positive cases detected. We notice the stabilization of a clear pattern of mutations at sites nt241, nt3037, nt14408 and nt23403. A novel nonsynonymous SARS-CoV-2 mutation in the spike protein (nt24368) has been found in genomes sequenced in Sweden, which enacted a soft lockdown strategy.ConclusionsStrict lockdown strategies together with a wide diagnostic PCR testing of the population were correlated with a relevant decline of the case fatality rate in different countries. The emergence of specific patterns of mutations concomitant with the decline in case fatality rate needs further confirmation and their biological significance remains unclear.
The Safety of Ultrasound Guided Tenotomy for Upper and Lower Extremity Tendinopathies: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fick Benjamin , Stover Daniel , Chimenti Ruth , Hall Mederic 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:

Ultrasound guided tenotomy (USGT) is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with chronic tendinopathy who fail to benefit from conservative exercise interventions. The complication rate and effectiveness of USGT remain poorly defined in the literature.
Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the risks associated with USGT and outcomes across upper extremity and lower extremity tendinopathy/fasciopathy sites.
Methods

Patients who had USGT at the elbow, patellar, or Achilles tendons or along the plantar fascia were identified by retrospective review of charts. Screening for complications (infection, tendon rupture, and hypersensitivity) and satisfaction with the procedure were assessed at routine short-term follow-up visits and at long-term follow-up via phone/email. Outcomes (pain, quality of life) were assessed using the region specific pain scales and the Short Form-12, respectively, at baseline prior to the procedure, short-term follow up, and long term follow up.
Results:

A total of 262 patients were identified through chart review. There was a low complication rate of 0.7% including one superficial wound infection and one case of wound hypersensitivity. Prior to USGT, the majority of patients reported moderate/daily pain that decreased by short-term and long-term follow-up to mild/occasional pain (p < 0.05). Additionally, most patients reported abnormally low physical function prior to USGT that was within normal range of physical function by long-term follow-up (p < 0.05). The majority of responders (63% at the plantar fascia to 92% at the Achilles midportion) reported being either ‘very satisfied’ or ‘somewhat satisfied’ with the procedure at short-term follow-up.
Conclusions:

This study found that USGT is a safe procedure with a low complication rate in a heterogeneous sample. Study findings provide preliminary evidence on the utility of USGT to reduce pain and improve function with a high rate of patient satisfaction.
Calcium export from neurons and multi-kinase signaling cascades contribute to ouabain neuroprotection in hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Ivanova Maria A. , Kokorina Arina D. , Timofeeva Polina D. , Karelina Tatiana V. , Abushik Polina A. , Stepanenko Julia D. , Sibarov Dmitry A. , Antonov Sergei M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background: Subnanomolar ouabain binding to the Na,K-ATPase triggers intracellular signaling, prevents an overload of neurons with Ca2+, and their apoptosis caused by glutamate receptor agonists. Elevated plasma homocysteine (HCY), known as hyperhomocysteinemia, represents a risk factor for stroke and can exacerbate many neuronal disorders. HCY acts as a persistent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonist, which, in contrast to glutamate, desensitizes NMDARs containing GluN2B subunits. Mechanisms of HCY neurotoxicity remain not clearly understood since GluN2B-containing NMDARs provide a major contribution to excitotoxicity among glutamate receptors.Methods: Using fluorescent tools combined with the confocal microscopy, we compared 0.1 - 1 nM ouabain effects on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling, on the mitochondrial inner membrane voltage and the cell viability in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons in glutamate and HCY neurotoxic insults. We also studied an apoptosis-related protein expression and the involvement of some kinases in ouabain mediated effects.Results: In short insults HCY was less potent than glutamate as a neurotoxic agent. This amino acid induced the voltage loss (∆φmit) of 0.2 of the total mitochondrial inner membrane voltage (φmit) instead of ∆φmit = 0.7 for glutamate. We have found that subnanomolar ouabain exhibited rapid and postponed neuroprotective effects on neurons and (1) rapidly reduced the Ca2+ overload of neurons and the voltage loss of inner mitochondrial membranes evoked by glutamate and HCY, and (2) prevented neuronal apoptosis during 24 h treatments with glutamate or HCY. Using a set of specific kinase inhibitors such as PKA inhibitor, chelerythrine, and KN93, we demonstrated the role of multi-kinase signaling pathways involving PKC and PKA in neuronal survival caused by ouabain in hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusions: Subnanomolar ouabain prevents neurodegeneration caused by glutamate and HCY. For both amino acids, ouabain evokes an acceleration of Ca2+ export by sodium-calcium exchangers from neurons preventing the voltage loss by mitochondrial inner membranes that rescue neurons in short insults. In prolonged insults, ouabain triggers intracellular neuroprotective cascades, including activation of PKA and PKC for HCY, but not for glutamate. This suggests that different appropriate pharmacology for hyperhomocysteinemia and glutamate excitotoxicity could be applied for clinical treatments.
High-Content Screening of Thai Medicinal Plants Reveals Boesenbergia rotunda Extract and its Component Panduratin A as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents
Authors: Kanjanasirirat Phongthon , Suksatu Ampa , Manopwisedjaroen Suwimon , Munyoo Bamroong , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Jearawuttanakul Kedchin , Seemakhan Sawinee , Charoensutthivarakul Sitthivut , Wongtrakoongate Patompon , Rangkasenee Noppawan , Pitiporn Supaporn , Waranuch Neti , Chabang Napason , Khemawoot Phisit , Chutipongtanate Somchai , Hongeng Suradej , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Thitithanyanont Arunee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since December 2019, the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused severe pneumonia, a disease named COVID-19, that became pandemic and created an acute threat to public health. The effective therapeutics are in urgent need. Here, we developed a high-content screening for the antiviral candidates using fluorescence-based SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein detection in Vero E6 cells coupled with plaque reduction assay. Among 122 Thai natural products, we found that Boesenbergia rotunda extract and its phytochemical compound, panduratin A, exhibited the potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Treatment with B. rotunda extract and panduratin A after viral infection drastically suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in Vero E6 cells with IC50 of 3.62 μg/mL (CC50 = 28.06 µg/mL) and 0.81 μΜ (CC50=14.71 µM), respectively. Also, the treatment of panduratin A at the pre-entry phase inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection with IC50 of 5.30 µM (CC50=43.47 µM). Our study demonstrated, for the first time, that panduratin A exerts the inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection at both pre-entry and post-infection phases. Since B. rotunda is a culinary herb generally grown in China and Southeast Asia, its extract and the purified panduratin A may serve as the promising candidates for therapeutic purposes with economic advantage during COVID-19 situation.
Spike protein up-regulates inflammatory axis of both thromboinflammation and leukotriene in severe COVID-19
Authors: Tang Xiaopeng , Fang Mingqian , Zhang Juan , Liao Zhiyi , Cheng Ruomei , Xu Kuanhong , Zhao Hongwen , Wang Jing , Tan Zhaoxia , Wang Gan , Kamau Peter M , Zhang Zhiye , Mwangi James , Lu Qiumin , Deng Guohong , Lai Ren 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hypercytokinemia is a critically fatal factor in COVID-19. However, underlying pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that fibrinogen and leukotriene-A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), two of the most potent inflammatory contributors, are elevated by 67.7 and astonishing 227.7% in the plasma of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and admitted to intensive care unit in comparison with healthy control, respectively. Conversely, transferrin identified as a fibrinogen immobilizer in our recent work and Spink6 are down-regulated by 40.3 and 25.9%, respectively. Furthermore, we identify Spink6 as the first endogenous inhibitor of LTA4H, a pro-inflammatory enzyme catalyzing final and rating limited step in biosynthesis of leukotriene-B4 that is an extremely inflammatory mediator and a target to design superior anti-inflammatory drugs. Additionally, virus Spike protein is found to evoke LTA4H and fibrinogen expression in vivo. Collectively, these findings identify the imbalance between inflammatory drivers and antagonists, which likely contributes to hypercytokinemia in COVID-19. Spink6 may have superior anti-inflammatory function because it specifically targets epoxide hydrolase of LTA4H to inhibit leukotriene-B4 biosynthesis without effecting LTA4H’s aminopeptidase activity.
Comparison of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency between two types of baffled vertical flow constructed wetlands planted with Oenanthe Javanica
Authors: Gao Jingqing , Yang Lei , Zhong Rui , Chen Yong , Zhang Jingshen , Gao Jianlei , Cai Ming , Zhang Jinliang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The environmental problems related to rural domestic sewage treatment are becoming increasingly serious, and society is also concerned about them. A baffled vertical flow constructed wetland (BVFCW) is a good choice for cleaning wastewater. Herein, a drinking-water treatment sludge-BVFCW (D-BVFCW) parallel with ceramsite-BVFCW (C-BVFCW) planted with Oenanthe javanica (O. javanica) to treat rural domestic sewage was investigated, aiming to compare nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in different BVFCWs. A removal of 23.9% NH4+-N, 24.6% total nitrogen (TN) and 76.7% total phosphorus (TP) occurred simultaneously in the D-BVFCW; 56.4% NH4+-N, 60.8% TN and 55.2% TP respectively in the C-BVFCW. The root and plant height increased by an average of 7.9 cm and 8.3 cm, respectively, in the D-BVFCW, and by 0.7 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively, in the C-BVFCW. These results demonstrate that the D-BVFCW and C-BVFCW have different effects on the removal of N and P. The D-BVFCW mainly removed P, while C-BVFCW mainly removed N.
An in silico Workflow that Yields Experimentally Comparable Inhibitors for Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
Authors: M. Sucharita , B. Poorani , Swaminathan Priya 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA] is an autoimmune disease that can cause chronic inflammation
of the joints. Human DiHydroOrotate DeHydrogenase [DHODH] is a clinically validated drug
target for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. DHODH inhibition results in beneficial immunosuppressant
and anti-proliferative effects.

Materials and Methods:
Leflunomide [LEF] and Brequinar Sodium [BREQ], drugs used in the treatment
of RA, suppresses the immune cells responsible for inflammation but has several side-effects, most predominant
being symptomatic liver damage and toxicity. An existing scaffold based on structural analogies
with LEF and BREQ was used to screen out potent inhibitors of DHODH, in ZINC Database using 2D binary
fingerprint. 10 structures similar to the scaffold were shortlisted due to their Tanimoto similarity coefficient.
Selected structures were docked using the tools AutoDock, Ligand fit and iGEMDOCK with target
human DHODH. High scoring compounds having similar interactions as that of scaffold were checked to
evaluate their Drug-Likeliness.

Results:
The five shortlisted compounds were then subjected to Molecular Dynamics Simulation studies for
50ns using GROMACS. Measures of structural similarity based on 2D Fingerprint Screening and Molecular
Dynamics Simulation studies can suggest good leads for drug designing. The novelty of this study is
that the workflow used here yields the same results that are at par with the experimental data.

Conclusion:
This suggests the use of the 2D fingerprint similarity search in various databases, followed by
multiple docking algorithms and dynamics as a workflow that will lead to finding novel compounds that a
structurally and functionally similar to LEF and BREQ.
The Importance of Contract Farming to Small-scale Farmers in Africa and the Implications for Policy: A Review Scenario
Authors: Ncube Douglas 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:Contract Farming (CF) has been largely believed to have the ability to promote the chances of Small-scale Farmers (SSFs) from less developed nations to participate in intensive agricultural production and lucrative export markets, thereby integrating them into the latest way of doing agri-business.Problem statement:A perennial issue of SSFs in Africa is a subsistence agricultural productivity due to lack of proper markets, credits and technology in recent years, aggravated by unstable prices of energy and food and lately by the global financial crisis.Methodology:The study is purely qualitative in nature, making use of secondary data (literature from journals, working papers, unpublished theses and other publications was analysed). The study reviewed CF definitions, the origins, evolution, models on CF, SSFs and CF, objectives, policy-issues and implications to conclusions and recommendations.Results:The study has shown that adjustments in agri-food systems globally are producing an increased new interest in CF as a supply-chain governance strategy. It has been established that small and medium size farmers in Africa are suppressed by market bottlenecks or unfairness, for example, restricted access to loan facilities, insurance and specialised agri-inputs at above-average costs.Conclusion:Government and the private sector must formulate contractual laws that will govern agricultural production and marketing agreements between agri-businesses and farmers in addition to establishing and strengthening contract-enforcing institutions to protect both parties contract from any contractual problems, for example, side marketing. Contract Farming brings out the best outcomes for farmers when they have sufficient bargaining power to negotiate the terms of the contract.
Cognitive Examination In Thalassemia Patients
Authors: Gamayani Uni , Calista Chandra , Ong Anam , Fianza Pandji Irani , Panigoro Ramdan 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Many studies on thalassemia patients have shown cognitive decline that may affect the patients’ life. To clarify the cognitive value in thalassemia patients, we performed a neuropsychological test on these patients.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational analytic with case control study involving 40 thalassemia patients and 40 controls similar for age, sex, and education. All subjects underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test including visual cognitive assessment.

Results:
Compared to controls, patients with thalassemia aged 15-47 years old had poorer results in world list recall (p=0.026), TMT-B (p=0.042), clock drawing test (p=0.049), ADAS-Cog (p=0.014), logical memory (p=0.001) and digit symbol (p<0.001). These results indicate that thalassemia patients have significantly lower attention, verbal memory capability, and executive function.

Conclusion:
Our findings concluded that patients with thalassemia have impaired multiple cognitive domains.
Self-Efficacy and Intensity of the Use of Social Media on Consumption Behavior: Case Study in the Economics Faculty of Yogyakarta State University
Authors: Sartika Nyimas Yuhanis , Sugiharsono Sugiharsono 
Published: June 2020

Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of self-efficacy and the intensity of social media use on student consumption behaviour, both partially and simultaneously. It belongs to causal associative research with a quantitative approach. The population of this study was 476 undergraduate students batch of 2016 in the Faculty of Economics, Yogyakarta State University (YSU). A sample of 217 students was selected through a proportional cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires that were previously tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used a multiple regression. Keywords: consumption behavior, self-efficay, intensity of the use of social media Efikasi Diri dan Intensitas Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Konsumsi: Stadi Kasus di Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi diri dan intensitas penggunaan media sosial terhadap perilaku konsumsi mahasiswa, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian asosiatif kausal dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 476 mahasiswa Strata-1 Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta angkatan 2016. Adapun jumlah sampel 217 mahasiswa yang diambil dengan teknik proportional cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuisioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda. Kata kunci: perilaku konsumsi, efikasi diri, intensitas penggunaan media sosial