bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation and numerical analysis of offshore wind turbine with monopile foundation
Authors: Lokesh Ram S , Mohana R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Static Analysis and Harmonic response analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed to evaluate the deformation, stresses and strain energy of monopile and tower of offshore wind turbine (OWT) in dense sand. In this study monopile, tower and soil along with water layer modelled as 3 dimension solid model in ANSYS workbench. Considering the soil as explicit material with environmental loads like wind and wave loads on turbine as static loads static analysis is done. From the analysis it is concluded that the structures behaviour changes with accordance to the change of parameters, turbines response towards the excitation frequency is investigated.
Prussian blue analogue cobalt tetracyanonickelate hexacyanochromate decorated by CNTs: structural, morphological, optical characterization
Authors: Elgazzar Elsayed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrussian blue analogues CoTCNi/HCCr and CoTCNi/HCCr/CNTs were stoichiometrically prepared by Co-precipitation method and the thin films deposited onto glass substrates via spin coater. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques have been used to analyze the samples. The findings revealed the fabricated nanostructured materials of face-centered cubic (FCC) phase, in spherical shape decorated by CNTs. Transmittance (T%) and reflectance (R%) spectra of the thin films were measured in the wavelength range from 200 to 900 nm. The films exhibit high transparency more than 70% within the visible spectrum. Besides, the optical band gap(Eg)was estimated showing blue shift caused by CNTs support.
Industrial manufacturing and characterization of multiscale CFRP laminates made from prepregs containing graphene-related materials
Authors: Rodríguez-García Verónica , Gómez Julio , Cristiano Francesco , Gude María R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The introduction of graphene-related materials (GRMs) in carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) has been proved to enhance their mechanical and electrical properties. However, methodologies to produce the 3-phase materials (multiscale composites) at an industrial scale and in an efficient manner are still lacking. In this paper, multiscale CFRP composites containing different GRMs have been manufactured following standard procedures currently used in the aerospace industry with the aim to evaluate its potential application. Graphite nanoplateletelets (GNPs), in situ exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been dispersed into an epoxy resin to subsequently impregnate aeronautical grade carbon fibre tape. The resulting prepregs have been used for manufacturing laminates by hand lay-up and autoclave curing at 180 °C. A broad characterization campaign has been carried out to understand the behaviour of the different multiscale laminates manufactured. The degree of cure, glass transition temperature and degradation temperature have been evaluated by thermal evolution techniques. Similarly, their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear and mode I interlaminar fracture toughness) have been analysed together with their electrical conductivity. The manufacturing process resulted appropriated for producing three-phase laminates and their quality was as good as in conventional CFRPs. The addition of GO and rGO resulted in an enhancement of the in-plane shear properties and delamination resistance while the addition of GNP improved the electrical conductivity.
Effects of Prophylactic Lipofilling After Radiotherapy Compared to Non–Fat Injected Breasts: A Randomized, Objective Study
Authors: Gentilucci Marika , Mazzocchi Marco , Alfano Carmine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients who are suffering from invasive breast cancer may require post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). PMRT improves outcomes in breast cancer patients in terms of locoregional recurrence. Preliminary studies indicate that fat injections reduce post-radiation damage of soft tissue and implants.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of prophylactic fat injections on radiated implanted breasts.

Methods
The authors randomly assigned 60 female patients to either Group A or B. Group A patients received 3 breast fat injections, according to Coleman’s technique, after radiotherapy and before expander removal with definitive implant insertion. Group B patients underwent surgery without lipofilling. At each surgical operation, skin biopsies were performed in a specific breast area to evaluate adipose tissue thickness, and a statistical analysis of the thickness variations was performed with the Wilcoxon’s sum test. Disability was assessed according to the Late Effects of Normal Tissues-Subjective Objective Management Analytic scale.

Results
The study demonstrates a qualitative and quantitative improvement about tissues after fat injection. This is highlighted by the significant increase in thickness after lipofilling.

Conclusions
The study, which is based on both clinical and histological findings and is supported by the comparison of a control group with a 1-year follow-up, demonstrates that fat injections reduce tissue radio damage, improving reconstructive surgery outcomes and quality of life.

Level of Evidence: 2
Stuck inside the urban with the dialectical blues again: abstraction and generality in urban theory
Authors: Addie Jean-Paul D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article discusses how critical urban theory understands generalisation and particularity by unpacking the process of abstraction. It develops an urban interpretation of dialectics through the philosophy of internal relations to: (i) heuristically examine conceptual and political fissures within contemporary urban studies and (ii) critically recalibrate neo-Marxist planetary urban theorising. Examining the conceptual extension, levels of generality and vantage points of our abstractions can assist in constructively negotiating relations between urban difference and generality. The challenge is not which assertions are true based on a given epistemological position, but which abstractions are appropriate to address specific issues, given the range of politics and possibilities each establishes.
Safety and performance of a novel transventricular beating heart mitral valve repair system: 1-year outcomes
Authors: Gammie James S , Bartus Krzysztof , Gackowski Andrzej , Szymanski Piotr , Bilewska Agata , Kusmierczyk Mariusz , Kapelak Boguslaw , Rzucidlo-Resil Jolanta , Duncan Alison , Yadav Rashmi , Livesey Steve , Diprose Paul , Gerosa Gino , D’Onofrio Augusto , Pittarello Demetrio , Denti Paolo , La Canna Giovanni , De Bonis Michele , Alfieri Ottavio , Hung Judy , Kolsut Piotr , D’Ambra Michael N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and performance of a novel, beating heart procedure that enables echocardiographic-guided beating heart implantation of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) artificial cords on the posterior mitral leaflet of patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation.

METHODS
Two prospective multicentre studies enrolled 13 (first-in-human) and 52 subjects, respectively. Patients were treated with the HARPOON beating heart mitral valve repair system. The primary (30-day) end point was successful implantation of cord(s) with mitral regurgitation reduction to ≤moderate. An independent core laboratory analysed echocardiograms.

RESULTS
Of 65 patients enrolled, 62 (95%) achieved technical success, 2 patients required conversion to open surgery and 1 procedure was terminated. The primary end point was met in 59/65 (91%) patients. Among the 62 treated patients, the mean procedural time was 2.1 ± 0.5 h. Through discharge, there were no deaths, strokes or renal failure events. At 1 year, 2 of the 62 patients died (3%) and 8 (13%) others required reoperations. At 1 year, 98% of the patients with HARPOON cords were in New York Heart Association class I or II, and mitral regurgitation was none/trace in 52% (n = 27), mild in 23% (n = 12), moderate in 23% (n = 12) and severe in 2% (n = 1). Favourable cardiac remodelling outcomes at 1 year included decreased end-diastolic left ventricular volume (153 ± 41 to 119 ± 28 ml) and diameter (53 ± 5 to 47 ± 6 mm), and the mean transmitral gradient was 1.4 ± 0.7 mmHg.

CONCLUSIONS
This initial clinical experience with the HARPOON beating heart mitral valve repair system demonstrates encouraging early safety and performance.

Clinical registration numbers
NCT02432196 and NCT02768870.
Effects of Fortetropin on the Rate of Muscle Protein Synthesis in Older Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Evans William , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Nyangau Edna , Field Tyler , Mohammed Hussein , Wolfe Robert , Schutzler Scott , Hellerstein Marc 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Fortetropin is a proteo-lipid complex made from fertilized egg yolk and, in young men, has been shown to increase lean body mass.

Methods
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 21 days of Fortetropin supplementation on the fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of muscle protein in 10 healthy, older men and 10 women (66.4 ± 4.5 y). We used 2H2O labeling to measure FSR of multiple muscle protein ontologies. D3-creatine dilution was used to determine muscle mass at baseline. Subjects ingested 70% 2H2O for 21 day and saliva samples were collected to determine body 2H2O enrichment. A microbiopsy was obtained from the m. vastus lateralis on Day 21. Subjects were randomly assigned to Fortetropin (19.8 g/d) or placebo (cheese powder, 19.8 g/d).

Results
Restricting kinetic data to proteins with ≥2 peptides measured in at least 4 subjects per group resulted in 117 proteins meeting these criteria. The mean FSR for a majority of proteins in several muscle gene ontologies was higher in the Fortetropin group compared to placebo (32/38 myofibril proteins, 33/44 sarcoplasmic proteins, and 12/17 mitochondrial proteins) and this proportion was significantly different between groups using a binomial test and were independent of sex or baseline muscle mass.

Conclusions
The overall magnitude of the difference in muscle protein FSR of Fortetropin from placebo was 18%, with multiple gene ontologies affected. While these results should be confirmed in larger cohorts, they suggest that Fortetropin supplementation is effective for promoting muscle protein synthesis in older people.
Unequal Impact of Structural Health Determinants and Comorbidity on COVID-19 Severity and Lethality in Older Mexican Adults: Considerations Beyond Chronological Aging
Authors: Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , González-Díaz Armando , Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo , Fermín-Martínez Carlos A , Márquez-Salinas Alejandro , Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Bahena-López Jessica Paola , García-Peña Carmen , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on older adults. Mexico’s population is younger, yet COVID-19’s impact on older adults is comparable to countries with older population structures. Here, we aim to identify health and structural determinants that increase susceptibility to COVID-19 in older Mexican adults beyond chronological aging.

Methods
We analyzed confirmed COVID-19 cases in older adults using data from the General Directorate of Epidemiology of Mexican Ministry of Health. We modeled risk factors for increased COVID-19 severity and mortality, using mixed models to incorporate multilevel data concerning healthcare access and marginalization. We also evaluated structural factors and comorbidity profiles compared to chronological age for COVID-19 mortality risk prediction.

Results
We analyzed 20 804 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in adults aged 60 and older. Male sex, smoking, diabetes, and obesity were associated with pneumonia, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in older adults, CKD and COPD were associated with hospitalization. High social lag indexes and access to private care were predictors of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Age was not a predictor of COVID-19 severity in individuals without comorbidities and combination of structural factors and comorbidities were better predictors of COVID-19 lethality and severity compared to chronological age alone. COVID-19 baseline lethality hazards were heterogeneously distributed across Mexican municipalities, particularly when comparing urban and rural areas.

Conclusions
Structural factors and comorbidity explain excess risk for COVID-19 severity and mortality over chronological age in older Mexican adults. Clinical decision-making related to COVID-19 should focus away from chronological aging onto more a comprehensive geriatric care approach.
Structure-preserving discretizations of gradient flows for axisymmetric two-phase biomembranes
Authors: Garcke Harald , Nürnberg Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe form and evolution of multi-phase biomembranes are of fundamental importance in order to understand living systems. In order to describe these membranes, we consider a mathematical model based on a Canham–Helfrich–Evans two-phase elastic energy, which will lead to fourth-order geometric evolution problems involving highly nonlinear boundary conditions. We develop a parametric finite element method in an axisymmetric setting. Using a variational approach it is possible to derive weak formulations for the highly nonlinear boundary value problems such that energy decay laws, as well as conservation properties, hold for spatially discretized problems. We will prove these properties and show that the fully discretized schemes are well posed. Finally, several numerical computations demonstrate that the numerical method can be used to compute complex, experimentally observed two-phase biomembranes.
A Parliamentary Perspective on the Implementation of the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Le Borgn’ Pierre-Yves 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As a member of the Assemblée nationale, the lower house of the French Parliament, from 2012 to 2017, the author was part of the French delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), where he was entrusted with preparing, as a rapporteur for the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, a report on the implementation of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. This practice note underscores that it is the responsibility of PACE as an institution, and of its members individually, to follow closely the issue of the implementation of European Court judgments, even if the primary responsibility for supervising implementation, or ‘execution’, lies with the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. PACE can provide useful solutions where the implementation of judgments pertaining to long-standing or systemic problems is stalled or protracted, notably through field missions carried out by members and in particular by its rapporteur, which can complement the efforts deployed by the Committee of Ministers.
Circulating Folate and Folic Acid Concentrations: Associations With Colorectal Cancer Recurrence and Survival
Authors: Geijsen Anne J M R , Ulvik Arve , Gigic Biljana , Kok Dieuwertje E , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J B , Holowatyj Andreana N , Brezina Stefanie , van Roekel Eline H , Baierl Andreas , Bergmann Michael M , Böhm Jürgen , Bours Martijn J L , Brenner Hermann , Breukink Stéphanie O , Bronner Mary P , Chang-Claude Jenny , de Wilt Johannes H W , Grady William M , Grünberger Thomas , Gumpenberger Tanja , Herpel Esther , Hoffmeister Michael , Huang Lyen C , Jedrzkiewicz Jolanta D , Keulen Eric T P , Kiblawi Rama , Kölsch Torsten , Koole Janna L , Kosma Katharina , Kouwenhoven Ewout A , Kruyt Flip M , Kvalheim Gry , Li Christopher I , Lin Tengda , Ose Jennifer , Pickron T Bartley , Scaife Courtney L , Schirmacher Peter , Schneider Martin A , Schrotz-King Petra , Singer Marie C , Swanson Eric R , van Duijvendijk Peter , van Halteren Henk K , van Zutphen Moniek , Vickers Kathy , Vogelaar F Jeroen , Wesselink Evertine , Habermann Nina , Ulrich Alexis B , Ueland Per M , Weijenberg Matty P , Gsur Andrea , Ulrich Cornelia M , Kampman Ellen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Folates, including folic acid, may play a dual role in colorectal cancer development. Folate is suggested to be protective in early carcinogenesis but could accelerate growth of premalignant lesions or micrometastases. Whether circulating concentrations of folate and folic acid, measured around time of diagnosis, are associated with recurrence and survival in colorectal cancer patients is largely unknown.

Methods
Circulating concentrations of folate, folic acid, and folate catabolites p-aminobenzoylglutamate and p-acetamidobenzoylglutamate were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at diagnosis in 2024 stage I-III colorectal cancer patients from European and US patient cohort studies. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between folate, folic acid, and folate catabolites concentrations with recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival.

Results
No statistically significant associations were observed between folate, p-aminobenzoylglutamate, and p-acetamidobenzoylglutamate concentrations and recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.92 to 1.16. The detection of folic acid in the circulation (yes or no) was not associated with any outcome. However, among patients with detectable folic acid concentrations (n = 296), a higher risk of recurrence was observed for each twofold increase in folic acid (hazard ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 1.58). No statistically significant associations were found between folic acid concentrations and overall and disease-free survival.

Conclusions
Circulating folate and folate catabolite concentrations at colorectal cancer diagnosis were not associated with recurrence and survival. However, caution is warranted for high blood concentrations of folic acid because they may increase the risk of colorectal cancer recurrence.
Navigating by Stars: Using CMS Star Ratings to Choose Hospitals for Complex Cancer Surgery
Authors: Papageorge Marianna V , Resio Benjamin J , Monsalve Andres F , Canavan Maureen , Pathak Ranjan , Mase Vincent J , Dhanasopon Andrew P , Hoag Jessica R , Blasberg Justin D , Boffa Daniel J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) developed risk-adjusted “Star Ratings,” which serve as a guide for patients to compare hospital quality (1 star = lowest, 5 stars = highest). Although star ratings are not based on surgical care, for many procedures, surgical outcomes are concordant with star ratings. In an effort to address variability in hospital mortality after complex cancer surgery, the use of CMS Star Ratings to identify the safest hospitals was evaluated.

Methods
Patients older than 65 years of age who underwent complex cancer surgery (lobectomy, colectomy, gastrectomy, esophagectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy) were evaluated in CMS Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files (2013-2016). The impact of reassignment was modeled by applying adjusted mortality rates of patients treated at 5-star hospitals to those at 1-star hospitals (Peters-Belson method).

Results
There were 105 823 patients who underwent surgery at 3146 hospitals. The 90-day mortality decreased with increasing star rating (1 star = 10.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.8% to 11.1%; and 5 stars = 6.4%, 95% CI = 6.0% to 6.8%). Reassignment of patients from 1-star to 5-star hospitals (7.8% of patients) was predicted to save 84 Medicare beneficiaries each year. This impact varied by procedure (colectomy = 47 lives per year; gastrectomy = 5 lives per year). Overall, 2189 patients would have to change hospitals each year to improve outcomes (26 patients moved to save 1 life).

Conclusions
Mortality after complex cancer surgery is associated with CMS Star Rating. However, the use of CMS Star Ratings by patients to identify the safest hospitals for cancer surgery would be relatively inefficient and of only modest impact.
Excision of metastatic breast cancer from sternum and reconstruction in two patients with solitary metastatic spread
Authors: Mohamed Saifullah , Mazhar Khurum , Osman Ahmed , Patel Akshay , Srinivasan Lakshmi , Ghosh Shilajit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Metastatic breast carcinoma is a relatively common clinical entity. However, the prognosis of oligometastatic and polygometastatic disease differs considerably pertaining to five-year survival. Metastatic breast carcinoma to the sternum has been described as early as 1988. We describe two cases in our institution who presented with solitary sternal metastases with a previous history of treated breast cancer. In both cases, there had been a history of previous left breast cancer treated aggressively with surgical resection and adjuvant oncological therapy and maintenance hormonal therapy. Partial sternectomy or total sternectomy for solitary metastatic sternal deposits is well established with relatively low morbidity and mortality and improvement in quality of life and possible improvement in long-term survival. Furthermore, reconstructive options are inherently dependent on extent of resection performed. These techniques can incorporate the use of sternal plates in order to approximate defects and reinforce the sternum in the setting of partial sternectomy.
Healthy living
Authors: Simon Chantal , Everitt Hazel , van Dorp Françoise , Hussain Nazia , Nash Emma , Peet Danielle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of General Practice explores how to give healthy living advice to patients. It looks at prevention and screening, including prevention of travel-related illness. It discusses the effect of diet, obesity, exercise, smoking, insomnia, and alcohol on general health, as well as the management of alcohol misuse and the assessment and management of drug misuse.
Gastrointestinal medicine
Authors: Simon Chantal , Everitt Hazel , van Dorp Françoise , Hussain Nazia , Nash Emma , Peet Danielle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of General Practice explores gastrointestinal medicine in general practice. It covers assessment of abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and food poisoning, constipation, and other abdominal symptoms and signs. It examines dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori, oesophageal conditions, gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastro-oesophageal malignancy. It discusses hernias, appendicitis and small bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and other large bowel conditions. It describes anal and perianal conditions, patients with ostomies, malabsorption, faecal incontinence, coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. It also explores jaundice and abnormal liver function, fatty liver disease, hepatitis, liver failure and portal hypertension, gallbladder disease, pancreatitis, and pancreatic tumours.
Sexual health and contraception
Authors: Simon Chantal , Everitt Hazel , van Dorp Françoise , Hussain Nazia , Nash Emma , Peet Danielle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of General Practice explores sexual health and contraception in general practice. It covers assessment of sexual health, vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted infection, chlamydia, trichomonas, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B and C, and HIV infection. It explores contraceptive choices, combined hormonal contraception, progestogen-only contraceptives, and intrauterine contraceptive devices. It discusses teenagers and women over 40, termination of pregnancy, infertility, sexual problems, erectile dysfunction, gender dysphoria, and gender reassignment.