bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Culture of Early Secondary Preantral Follicles to Obtain MII Oocyte Developmental Competence from CD-1 Outbred Mice
Authors: Kim Jongwon , Lee Seungki , Choi Jung Kyu 
Published: November 2020

Background: The ovarian follicle is the fundamental functional tissue unit that consists of mammalian ovary. In humans, it has been known that females are born with a maximum number of follicles or oocytes that are not only non-renewable, but also undergoing degeneration with time with a sharply decreased oocyte quality after the age of 35. Methods: Here, we demonstrate that successful isolation of primary, early secondary and late secondary follicles from the ovaries of CD-1 outbred female mice and in vitro culture system to successfully induce the development of MII oocytes. Result: The 9 days of in vitro culture of early secondary follicles showed significant higher rates in growth and maturation displaying higher numbers of antral follicles and MII oocytes developed from early secondary follicles compared to those cultured for 11 days. However, there was no visible difference induced by the size of initial follicles in the rates of growth and maturation. MII oocytes derived from in vitro culture of early secondary follicles following in vitro fertilization developed into two-cell embryos. These observations demonstrate that developmentally competent MII oocytes can be obtained by in vitro culture of preantral follicles derived from the ovaries of CD-1 mice and reveal a crucial role for CD-1 mice as a novel model for research on human ovarian follicles. Furthermore, this study proposes an in vitro culture system using preantral follicle as a therapeutic strategy for fertility preservation of humans for assisted reproductive medicine.
Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Canine Distemper Virus from a Naturally Infected Dog in China
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Meng Peipei , Song Xiaoming , Li Shuguang , Yang Ruimei , Zhang Chuanmei , Shan Hu , Wen Yongjun 
Published: November 2020

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) can infect a variety of predators, such as Canidae, Mustelidae and Procyonidae family and cause high morbidity and mortality. Genetic/antigenic heterogeneity has been observed among various CDV strains, notably in the haemagglutinin (H) gene. Based on sequence analysis of the H gene, wild-type CDV strains can be divided into distinct genotypes. Methods: We used Vero/SLAM cells to isolate CDV strains from clinically naturally infected dog tissues. Here, the H gene sequence of the isolated strain was analyzed for the restriction enzyme polymorphism with RT-PCR-RFLP method and the method could be used to distinguish CDV vaccine strains from wild-type strains. Furthermore, the genetic and antigenic variation of the H gene was also analyzed.Result: Our results indicated that Vero cells expressing canine SLAM allow the efficient isolation of CDV wild-type strains. The isolated CDV was named Shandong strain. Phylogenetic analysis identified that Shandong strain was CDV wild-type strain, the Asian genotype I. Analysis of the potential glycosylation site of the H gene and determination of the neutralization titer PD50 showed that there were immunogenic differences between the Shandong strain and the vaccine strains.
Identification and Comparative Phylogeny of Sheep and Goat Pox Isolates from Jammu, India
Authors: Sharma Sankalp , Nashiruddullah Nawab , Taku Anil , Roychoudhury Parimal , Ahmed Jafrin Ara 
Published: November 2020

Background: In view of the limited documentation of sheep and goat pox disease in animals of Jammu region, it was felt necessary to conduct a blanket screening of the small ruminant populations in areas where they are largely reared. Methods: The investigation was conducted to study the occurrence of capripox infection amongst small ruminants through clinical survey and confirmatory laboratory diagnosis. PCR amplification of a part of the P32 core protein gene successfully confirmed Capripoxvirus (CaPV) in clinical scab samples from both sheep and goats and from inoculated CAM. Positive amplified samples yielded a predicted 192 bp product. Result: Sequencing of the partial P32 gene of one isolate each from sheep (Sheeppoxvirus, SPPV) and goat origin (Goatpoxvirus, GTPV) revealed that each isolate were distinct and showed 97.8% identity with each other. The SPPV clustered with respective sheeppox cluster with 100% homology to with other SPPV strains reported within India and abroad and also to vaccine strains Srinagar and Rumanian-Fanar (RF). The GTPV was closely identical (~98-99%) with other strains from India and abroad with some unique residues of its own. Both the SPPV and GTPV were divergent from Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) strains. The sequence of SPPV strain being similar to circulating strains and prevalent vaccines in the country favours a common vaccination strategy. However, specific GTPV vaccine is not available in the country. The circulating CaPV isolates were found to be host specific. The possibility of vaccination failures or disease caused by vaccines itself, or cross transmission between hosts cannot be ruled out and in such instances it becomes difficult to distinguish with natural disease.
Use of Flower of Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC as Growth Promoter in Divyan Red Poultry Birds
Authors: Chakrabarti Asit , Sarkar Pradip Kumar , Kumar P.R. , Yadav V.K. , Naik S.K. , Jha B.K. , Dey A. , Bhatt B.P. 
Published: November 2020

Background: In view of abundant availability of Spilanthes paniculata in flora of Jharkhand and widely reported benefits of its dried flowers, the current study aimed to explore the possibility and to quantify the effect of use of flowers of S. paniculata as feed additives in stimulating body growth in poultry birds. Methods: A four week experiment consisting of 60 numbers of poultry birds (Divyan Red) of five months old subjected to four treatments consisting of 15 birds in each treatment distributed equally with 5 replications, was undertaken during 2016-19 following randomized block design to observe the effect of feeding dried flowers of S. paniculata on body weight increase in poultry birds. Result: Feeding of dried flowers of S. paniculata @ 10 g/bird/day resulted in a gradual increase in rate of weight gain up to 14 days of feeding, whereas feeding @ 15 g and 20 g/bird/day resulted in increase in body weight gain up to 7 days. Feeding @ 10 g/bird/day resulted in highest body weight increase after feeding for four weeks and improved in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P ˂ 0.05) than the other 3 treatments. It is advisable for poultry owners to incorporate dried flowers of S. paniculata at a dose of 10 grams per bird per day for three weeks for attaining maximum growth in body weight in poultry birds.
Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium from Captive Wildlife of India
Authors: Ramadevi Pampana , Venu Ravipati , Kumar Nagaram Vinod 
Published: November 2020

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging zoonotic protozoan disease caused by Cryptosporidium spp. The infection was reported worldwide from domestic animals and humans, including wild animals. From India, no such reports were published on Cryptosporidium infection in captive wildlife. Hence, a pilot study was conducted to report the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in captive wildlife of India. Methods: Faecal samples (n=788) were collected from 127 captive wildlife species of three zoological parks viz., Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park (SVZP), Tirupati (n=242); Indira Gandhi Zoological Park (IGZP), Visakhapatnam (n=218); Nehru Zoological Park (NZP), Hyderabad (n=328) and screened for Cryptosporidium infection. Preliminary screening of faecal samples was done for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) staining method and the test positives were confirmed by nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene. Nested PCR amplicons were sequenced for determining the Cryptosporidium species. The resultant data were statistically analyzed by Fisher/Chi square, Fisher Exact test using SPSS software v 17.0.Result: In mZN staining method, 7.23 percent of isolates were found to be positive for Cryptosporidium and the highest rate of infection was detected in wildlife at NZP, Hyderabad (8.23%), followed by SVZP, Tirupati (7.44%) and IGZP, Visakhapatnam (5.50%). Cryptosporidium positive faecal samples by mZN staining were further confirmed by nested PCR and positive amplicons were sequenced for determination of Cryptosporidium species. Genetic characterization revealed five species viz., Cryptosporidium parvum; C. ryanae, C. suis, C. muris and Cryptosporidium avian genotype III. The study conclude that, Cryptosporidium infection was prevalent in the captive wildlife from the zoological parks of India and species variation was marked among the wildlife. Based on the available literature, the current study is the first of its kind on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in captive wildlife from India.
Diagnosis of Tvt with Cell Cytology and Efficacy of Treatment with Vincristine Sulfate in Non- Descriptive Indian Canine Breeds
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Jha Ajeet Kumar , Ray Kalyani , Gautam Avnish Kumar , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: November 2020

Background: Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a commonly occurring contagious reproductive tumor of dogs affecting both sexes. Methods: Six female mongrel dogs were brought to Veterinary clinical complex, WBUAFS, Belgachia, Kolkata with the history of inappetence, mass swelling on genitalia and blood tinged urine with dysuria for the past two weeks. Following Physical examination, protruded mass was noticed on external genital region. Impression smear was collected from protruded mass for confirmation of vacuole cell. Chemotherapy was applied with Vincristine @ 0.025 mg/kg b.wt; slow IV once a week for 4 weeks along with supportive treatment. Result: After the end of the 4th week of Chemotherapy animals were showed uneventful recovery.
Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on the Skull Bones of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis)
Authors: Choudhary O.P. , . Priyanka , Kalita P.C. , Gündemir Ozan , . Keneisenuo , Kalita A. , Doley P.J. 
Published: November 2020

Background: There is scanty information on the morphometry of the skull of Indian mithun; therefore, the present study was designed to provide morphometric data of the skull of Indian mithun. Methods: The study was conducted on the skull bones of twelve (n=12) adult Indian mithun of either sex (n=6, male and n=6, female). The head region samples of naturally died mithun were collected from different parts of the Mizoram and Nagaland states of India from September, 2019 to March, 2020. In the present study, altogether, a total of forty-five parameters were taken in the skull bones of males and females of Indian mithun. Result: The biometrical observations on the different parameters of the skull of Indian mithun were found to be significantly (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05) higher in the males than females. The measurements demonstrated that the skull of the mithun was elongated and dolichocephalic as per the value of the skull index. The skull index/ cephalic index was 48.76±0.03 in males and 48.71±0.02 in females of the mithun. The length, width of the skull was 44.52±0.02, 44.41±0.02 in males and 21.62±0.04, 21.57±0.05 in females of mithun, respectively. The orbital margin was circular and complete in mithun. The cranial cavity of mithun was oval in outline with a capacity of 530.00±0.27 cm3 in males and 523.00±0.31 cm3 in females. The foramen magnum was large, roughly oval with a foramen index as 96.93±0.06 in males and 97.19±0.04 in females. The present morphometrical studies on the skull of mithun can be useful to the wildlife professionals and zoo veterinarians for the determination of sex of this animal and distinguish from other domestic and wild animals for solving veterolegal cases.
Determine Cyp17a1 and Ki67 Expressions in Pcos Induced Rat Model Treated with Sepia pharaonis Ink Extract Proves Effective
Authors: Ebenezer J. Leonoline , Gunapriya R. , Ranganathan K. , Vijayaraghavan R. , Ganesh M. Karthik 
Published: November 2020

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the therapeutic action of Sepia pharaonis ink extract in experimentally induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat model and perform Immunohistochemistry to confirm the findings.Methods: The female rats were grouped into 5 consisting of six animals each. Only water was given to the control group. For inducing PCOS, Letrozole 1mg/kg.b.wt was administered to the subsequent four groups for 21 days. To the third group, an allopathic drug, clomiphene citrate 1mg/kg was given for 19 days after PCOS induction. The SPIE was subjected to lyophilisation to make a black powder and next two groups were administered orally with two different dosages of SPIE (100mg and 200mg respectively) mixed with water after PCOS induction. Vaginal smears were taken from all groups till 21 days and then treatment was started with clomiphene citrate (CC) and SPIE. After 21 days, vaginal smears were taken from all groups till ovulation was induced. The test drug effects were studied using ovary weight both right and left, body weight, hormonal levels, histopathology of ovary and Immunohistochemistry. Result: PCOS group showed rapid increase in the ovarian weight when compared to control and was reduced by CC and SPIE treatment. The levels of progesterone and estradiol were found lower and testosterone levels were found higher in PCOS rats which were favourably altered. Vaginal smears coincided with the histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings. SPIE can be used as a therapeutic drug for PCOS in future, reduce infertility complaint of females and prevent early inception of diabetes mellitus.
Cross-species Amplification and Molecular Diversity Analysis in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and Ricebean [Vigna umbellata Thunb.]
Authors: Susmitha D. , Jayamani P. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Greengram is the fourth dominant pulse crop grown in India and is highly susceptible to bruchids and yellow mosaic virus. Ricebean belonging to the tertiary genepool of greengram shows resistance to this pest and disease. Ricebean being a minor pulse crop has limited SSR markers. Hence, the present study was conducted to test the cross-species amplification of SSR markers derived from related species which could be helpful in studying the molecular diversity available in each crop and for molecular confirmation of the inter- and intra-specific hybrid developed from the crosses.Methods: Molecular diversity analysis was carried out using 30 genotypes belonging to two species of Vigna (V. radiata and V. umbellata) based on 20 SSR primers derived from adzukibean, commonbean and greengram. Result: Cross species amplification was observed for all the SSR primers pairs used. The number of alleles detected varied from one (VJ 31122A) to four (CEDAAG 001 and MB 91) with an average of 2.55 alleles per primer. Allele size varied from 100 to 292 bp. The PIC value ranged from zero to 0.611 with an average value of 0.377. Dendrograms constructed based on UPGMA and Neighbour-Joining tree method, grouped the genotypes into five clusters and five groups, respectively. The V. umbellata genotypes were grouped in separate cluster from the V. radiata genotypes in both the methods. The obtained DNA polymorphism at intra- and inter-specific level will facilitate the application of molecular breeding approaches for greengram improvement.
Screening of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes against Bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) Attack to Reduce Postharvest Losses
Authors: Ghosh Sanhita , Roy Anindita , Kundagrami Sabyasachi 
Published: November 2020

Background: Mungbean is an important pulse crop due to its high protein content. Bruchid is a major storage pest which causes deterioration of seed quality as well as quantity. The grain losses directly affect the agricultural economy and also the human health. Therefore, this issue has to be addressed with high priority. Methods: To address this issue, we have initiated a study to screen the fifty-two mungbean genotypes against the bruchid attack. The initial phase of the experiment was carried out from 2015 to 2017 in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Calcutta to the laboratory condition through the no choice test. Result: Using the parameter bruchid susceptibility index according to Dobie, four resistant, ten susceptible, seventeen moderately resistant and twenty-one moderately susceptible mungbean genotypes were identified. The host resistance genotype HUM-8, PM-11-51, APDM-84, VC-639 are identified as the most promising resistant genotype.
Management of Root Rot of Fenugreek Caused by Rhizoctonia solani using Plant Extracts and Bio-agents
Authors: Yadav Shankar Lal , Ghasolia R.P. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Root rot of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important constraint to the crop and causes significant economic losses in Rajasthan as well as India and fungicides are the major tool to overcome the disease incidence. As per environment and health issues and demand of organically produced fenugreek green leaves and seeds, it is a major concerned to control it by eco-friendly approaches. The current study aimed to find the most effective control measure of this dreaded disease through eco-friendly approaches.Methods: The present field-laboratory investigations were conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18, to evaluate six plant extracts in vitro and in vivo, namely neem (Azadirachta indica), Alstonia (Alstonia scholaris), garlic (Allium sativum), datura (Datura stramonium), tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), aak (Calotropis gigantea) and four bio-agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in vivo through seed treatment alone and/or in combination for two consecutive years. Result: Our investigations in vitro with botanicals cleared that garlic clove extract was highly antimycotic to the pathogen (79.52%) followed by aak (62.48%) and neem extract (53.37%). Under field conditions, seed soaking with garlic clove extract (@10%) for 30 minutes was observed the most effective in reducing disease incidence (62.02%) and in increasing seed yield (65.35%) followed by aak (56.56% and 59.82%, respectively). In bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens (@ 3+3 g/kg seeds) was found superior in reducing disease incidence (66.81%) and in increasing seed yield (73.06%) and the next best was T. viride + P. fluorescens. The findings of this study can be utilized to manage the disease effectively and eco-friendly and also to obtain organic produce of the fenugreek.
Scientific Approach in K-13; the Impact on the Quality of the Learning Process and Outcomes in MAN
Authors: Pahrudin Agus , Pratiwi Dona Dinda 
Published: November 2020

<span><span> </span></span><p class="06IsiAbstrak">The Kurikulum 2013 –Indonesia's novel Curriculum invented in 2013– is implemented through activity-based learning using a scientific approach. Curriculum changes do not only occur in the dimensions of the plan/document, but in its implementation in the quality of the process which has an impact on learning outcomes. This research aims to determine the implementation of the Kurikulum 2013 scientific approach and its impact on the quality of the learning processes and outcomes at MAN in Lampung Province. The research uses a mixed methods with sequential mixed methods design. The respondents consisted of 26 teachers and 126 students. Data were collected by conducting interview, observation, documentation, and questionnaire. The validity was tested by Pearson’s validity and Cronbach Alpha reliability. The results showed that teachers can apply a scientific approach to the implementation of the Kurikulum 2013 well. It can be seen from the teacher’s ability to prepare lesson plans, though there are some teachers (working period of 21 to 30 years) who are constrained during the learning process, such as observing the learning and not being able in presenting the media. The scientific approach has a very good impact on the quality of the learning process and outcomes. It can be seen by the increase in student learning outcomes.</p>
The Madrasa in Indonesia (Authority, Knowledge and Discourse Surrounding its Development)
Authors: Kurniawan Syamsul , Miftah Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"> </p><p class="06IsiAbstrak">The focus of this paper is the madrasa in Indonesia and its development which is examined from the perspective of Michel Foucault regarding their authority, knowledge and discourse.<strong> </strong>The madrasa’s performance, which is still relatively low and unable to compete with public schools or pesantrens (Islamic Boarding Schools), will be examined from this perspective. This paper departs from the study of literature with a historical-sociological approach. The sources of the data come from the literature related to the history and development of madrasas. From Foucoult's perspective, the performance of the madrasa--which in its development shows a decline trend and is of relatively low quality and less competitive compared with general schools or pesantrens-- is closely related to power, knowledge and discourse factors. My argument is supported by the evidence that there is no an established “blueprint” for the supervision and development of madrasas in Indonesia, in contrast to schools or pesantrens. Likewise, the problem of interplay of madrasa policies in the integration of the national education system has put the madrasa in the midst of domination of schools and pesantrens, especially in the midst of society since the appreciation and level of community participation in the madrasa are not very encouraging. In addition, there is an opinion among the public which perceives the madrasa as the second educational institution after schools or pesantrens. This opinion is, of course, supported by empirical data, such as research from Nur Hamzah (2017) and Sukino (2017) which examined the madrasas in West Kalimantan Province, and revealed the poor quality of some madrasas in this area, which in my opinion is the "top of the iceberg" of the madrasa, especially in the outermost, interior and underdeveloped areas of Indonesia.</p>
Fatal Cerebral Fat Embolism After Pelvic and Multiple Long Bone Fractures without Associated Lung Injury
Authors: Hadden William J. , Herritt Brent , Hoang Richard , Milroy Christopher , Hooper John , Wilkin Geoffrey 
Published: November 2020

Case:
A 29-year-old motor vehicle collision passenger presented with fractures of the pelvic ring, bilateral femurs, and right tibia/fibula. All fractures were stabilized with external fixation and fixed definitively 48 hours later. Postoperatively, the patient suffered rapid clinical decline. Emergent head computed tomography (CT) demonstrated tonsillar herniation with loss of gray-white matter differentiation. Although respiratory status remained uncompromised throughout presentation, pathology revealed extensive cerebral fat embolism.

Conclusion:
Fat embolism can traverse the lungs without eliciting an inflammatory response, radiographic infiltrate, or impairing gas exchange. This may lead to a clinically silent, fatal cerebral fat embolism in an intubated, sedated patient.