bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical variation and factor associated with modern contraceptive utilization among Young married women aged between 15-24 years: Spatial and multilevel analysis of EDHS 2016.
Authors: Yesuf Kedir Abdu , Kassa Ayesheshim Muluneh , Asrese Eueail Teferi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Despite increase in trend of modern contraceptive use in worldwide it was still low in developing country. In Ethiopia modern contraceptive utilization among young married women was low which shows gaps between women reproductive desire to avoid pregnancy and contraceptive behavior. This study showsvaration in modern contraceptive utilization and factor associated with it among young merried age group between 15-24 years in Ethiopia.Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the geographical varation of modern contraceptive utilization and associated factor among young married women aged between 15- 24 year in Ethiopia. Methods:In this study cross-sectional study design was conducted using Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2016 data. The sample size was 2298 young married women aged between 15-24 years.Geographical variation assessed by Spatial analysis using spatial autocorrelation Moran’s I, Gettis-OrdGi* and spatial scan statics to identify significant clusters of modern contraceptive utilization among young married women. Determinant factor for modern contraceptive use were analyzed using a two level-mixed-effects logistic regression model which include both the individual and community level factors.Result: In Ethiopia, prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization among young married women age group between 15-24 years was 36.7 %. Geographical varaition asessed by spatial scan statistics identified primary clusters of modern contraceptive utilization were all zone of Amhara, Addis Ababa and Shewa. In other hand,Gettis-OrdGi* analysisindicated zone 1 of Afar region, Borena zone of Oromia region and all zone of Somalia regions were low prevalencespot region. In this study religion, respondent working status, number of living children, husband desire more children, region, community mas media exposure and community educational level were statically significant variables for modern contraceptive utilization among young married women.Conclusions: There is low prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization among young married women and it was varied across zone of Ethiopia. High and low prevalence spot area, most likely cluster, community and individual level factor associated with modern contraceptive utilization is identified which is important to prioritize family planning strategythat focus particularly for young population segment. Therefore, exerting much effort on all of this area is supreme important as it has significant public health contributions.
Curcumol Inhibits Encephalomyocarditis Virus by Promoting IFN-β Secretion
Authors: Zheng Jiangang , Xu Yinlan , Khan Ajab , Sun Panpan , Sun Yaogui , Fan Kuohai , Yin Wei , Wang Shaoyu , Li Hongquan , Sun Na 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: EMCV infection can cause reproductive failure in sows and acute myocarditis and sudden death in piglets. It has caused huge economic losses to the global pig industry. It is necessary to develop effective new compounds. Traditional Chinese medicine zedoary turmeric oil can be used for treating myocarditis caused by EMCV infection. Curcumol extracted from the roots of Curcuma is one of the main active ingredient of zedoary turmeric oil. To investigate whether curcumol has antiviral activity again the EMCV infection, and what are the molecular mechanisms of such antiviral activity with a focus on the IFN-β signaling pathway. Method: MTT assay was used to determine the maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC), 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50), maximum inhibition rate (MIR) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) against EMCV. Through EMCV load, the anti-viral effect of curcumol was quantitatively determined using real-time quantitative PCR. The effect of curcumol on the expression of IFN-β was checked using real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA. Western blot was used to determine the amounts of MDA5, MAVS, TANK, IRF3 and P-IRF3 proteins in HEK-293T cells infected with EMCV.Results: The results showed that compared with the positive drug ribavirin control, the MIR of curcumol was greater but the SI value was much smaller than that of ribavirin. The curcumol at 25 μg/ml has significant anti-EMCV activities and increased the expression of IFN-β (P < 0.05). The curcumol inhibited the degradation of TANK protein mediated by EMCV and promoted the expression of MDA5 and P-IRF3, while the protein expression level of MAVS and IRF3 remain unchanged. Conclusion: Curcumol has biological activity against EMCV which we suggest that IFN-β signaling pathway is one of its mechanisms, providing new ideas for clinical treatment of EMCV infection.
Endophyte Colonization Enhances Tolerance of Casuarina Equisetifolia to NaCl Stress by Modifying Osmoregulation, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Phytohormones
Authors: Long Feng , Liang Anjie , Su Jun , Chen Zhiwei , Hong Tao , Wu Chengzhen , Li Jian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Saline soils severely affect plant growth. Associations between endophytes and plants are known to significantly alter plant metabolism. This study reports the effects of a fungal endophyte species (Botryosphaeria ramosa ssp.) on osmoregulation, antioxidant enzymes, and the regulation of endogenous plant hormones in Casuarina equisetifolia under NaCl stress. C. equisetifolia plants, with and without B. ramosa ssp. colonization, were subjected to different levels of NaCl stress (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) for different amounts of time (0 d, 20 d, 40 d, and 60 d). Results: Antioxidant enzymes, phytohormones, and nutritive elements in the leaves and roots were determined. The results showed that colonization of the roots by B. ramosa ssp. improved the growth rate and dry weight of salt-stressed plants. Moreover, B. ramosa ssp. colonization increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxide but decreased the hydrogen peroxide content in the branches of C. equisetifolia under salt stress. Meanwhile, compared with non-colonized plants, endophyte colonization reduced the abscisic acid and proline contents but increased the contents of auxin, zeatin, and gibberellins. Importantly, the nutrient elements in the roots and branches of colonized plants were significantly different from those in the roots and branches of non-colonized plants under saline conditions. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that B. ramosa ssp. colonization can enhance the salt tolerance of C. equisetifolia. by improving the antioxidant enzyme content, regulating the phytohormones, and adjusting proline accumulation under NaCl stress.
Dissociated Response and Clinical Impact in Patients Treated With Nivolumab Monotherapy
Authors: Sato Yuki , Morimoto Takeshi , Hara Shigeo , Nagata Kazuma , Hosoya Kazutaka , Nakagawa Atsushi , Tachikawa Ryo , Tomii Keisuke 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, an unconventional response pattern is sometimes encountered. A dissociated response (DR), characterized by some lesions shrinking and others growing, has been recognized with ICI treatment. In this study, we examined the characteristics and treatment outcomes of DR in previously treated NSCLC patients, receiving nivolumab monotherapy, and aimed to provide insight on how to potentially improve the management of this group of patients.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC who received nivolumab. We assessed the tumor response of each organ using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria at the first radiologic evaluation. We investigated treatment outcome and compared overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier Method and log-rank tests. Further, we conducted the same analysis in patients who had previously received chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in our hospital.Results: Between April 2016 and September 2018, 107 patients who received nivolumab fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of them, 5 (5%) patients showed a DR. There were no specific differences in characteristics between DR and non-DR cases. Patients showing DR had significantly longer overall survival than those showing concordant progressive disease (not reached vs. 8.0 months, p = 0.039). The frequencies of DR in the ICI, chemotherapy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor-treated cohorts were 5%, 1%, and 4%, respectively.Conclusion: DR was uncommon, but this presented a distinctive pattern of nivolumab response. Some patients might benefit from continuing nivolumab therapy and may achieve a longer overall survival. Further research is required to elucidate the characteristics, treatment strategies, and underlying mechanisms of DR in NSCLC patients.
Exogenous HMGB1 Promotes the Proliferation and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhu Li , Qiu Wenli , Song Lian , You Tao , Ren Shuai , Wang Dongqing , Wang Zhongqiu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Exogenous HMGB1 play a vital role in tumor recurrence，which reside in the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanism of action is still unknow. We studied the proliferation and metastasis effect of exogenous HMGB1 on human SW1990 and Panc-1 cells after radiotherapy and explored the possible molecular mechanism.Materials and Methods: Residual Panc-1 cells and SW1990 cells were isolated after radiotherapy. The supernatant after radiotherapy was collected. The relative expression of HMGB1 was evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The images of normal pancreatic cancer cells and residual pancreatic cancer cells were collected by Electron microscope (EMS). The proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells which were treated with difference groups was measured by Carboxy fluorescein succinimidylester (CFSE). The migration rates were measured by wound healing assays. The expression of related proteins were detected by Western Blot. In vivo, the subcutaneous pancreatic tumor models of nude mice were created and therapeutic capabilities were tested.Results: HMGB1 was found in the supernatant of pancreatic cancer cells after radiotherapy. The results of CFSE showed that exogenous HMGB1 could promote the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Meanwhile, HMGB1 also could promote the metastasis of PC cells. By western blot, HMGB1 could upregulation of p-GSK 3β, N-CA, Bcl-2, and Ki67 and down-regulation of E-CA. In vivo, EP (HMGB1 inhibitor) could inhibit the growth of tumors and HMGB1 could promote the proliferation of tumors post-radiotherapy.Conclusion: Radiotherapy could induce HMGB1 released into extracellular. Exogenous HMGB1 could promote the proliferation and metastasis of Panc-1 cells and SW1990 cells by upregulating p-GSK 3β expression which might depend on Wnt pathway.
EphA2-mediatedM1-like polarization of microglia attenuatesglioblastoma metastasis
Authors: Liao Xiang , Fang Ru , Tian Ying , Chen Chen , Wu Zhijun , Sun Jing , Li Jianrui , Liu Xiaoxue , Li Ming , Lu Guangming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEphA2 is upregulated in GBM tumor tissue specimens and established cancer cell lines and thought to be an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. We aim to define the role of EphA2 in polarization of microglia.MethodsQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and viral transfection-based knockdown and overexpression assays to assess the effect of EphA2 on microglia polarization. iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS and western blot were conducted to detect EphA2 and PI3K-Akt signaling activity. Using the Millicell system as an in vitro co-culture model, we performed transwell and western blot assays investigate the role of EphA2-mediated M1-like of microglia on GBM cells invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. ResultsIn overexpressing and silencing experiments, we demonstrated that EphA2 contributed to the M1-like polarization of microglia. Mechanistically, PI3K-AKT signaling was the downstream of EphA2 and supported the process of EphA2 mediated the M1-like polarization of microglia. Finally, EphA2 mediated the M1-like polarization of microglia attenuated the migration and invasion ability of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsOur study indicates that, distinct from its role on cancer cells, EphA2 promoted the M1-like polarization of microglia and further attenuated the metastasis of GBM.Our results provide a new information on rationale for targeting EphA2 to improve treatment outcomes in GBM patients.
Novel Signature Genes for Human Left Ventricle Cardiomyopathies Identified by Weighted Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA)
Authors: Tian Jiao , Wu Zhengyuan , Zhang Yaqi , He Yingying , LIU SHUBAI 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCardiomyopathy, a heart disease that arises from different etiologies, brings a huge healthcare burden to the global society. Identification of biomarkers can be very useful for early diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, interruption of the disease procession to heart failure, and decrement of the mortality. MethodsClinical cases of cardiomyopathy were screened out of independently investigations from the genomic database. Exploration of its whole transcription disorder pattern by WGCNA (Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis) to discover the signature genes for different subtypes of cardiomyopathy. The hub genes and key pathways, which are correlated to cardiomyopathy traits, were identified through co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks enrichment analysis. Discovered hub genes were blast through the Cardiovascular Disease Portal to verify functions related to human cardiomyopathies.ResultsThree common axes of signature genes were discovered for five subtypes of cardiomyopathy: 1) Four genes (MDM4, CFLAR, RPS6KB1, PKD1L2) were common for ischemic and ischemic cardiomyopathy subgroups; 2) Subtypes of cardiomyopathy (ischemic, post. partum, familiar and idiopathic) shared eight genes (MAPK1, MAPK11, MAPK14, LMNA, RAC1, PECAM1, XIAP, CREB1); 3) TFAM and RHEB were the common signature genes for subtypes of cardiomyopathy (viral, post. partum, familiar, and idiopathic). Major pathways enriched were including MAPK signaling pathway, the pathway of protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and pathway of regulatory actin cytoskeleton. Aberrant in these pathways caused disorders metabolic process and cellular malfunctions that generally contributes to cardiac dysregulation and functional relapse into cardiomyopathies.ConclusionThis study identified the key signaling pathways, functions and biological process related to cardiomyopathies and will give a light to better understand the molecular mechanism of processes of cardiomyopathies and figure out the rational clinical interference way to cure the patients. Therein, these novel signature genes may work as potential promising biomarkers for cardiomyopathy diagnosis, and will benefit for the better clinical diagnostics and outcome for patients with cardiomyopathies.
Acute Retinal Necrosis Caused by Co-infection of Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus: Case Report
Authors: Cheraqpour Kasra , Ahmadraji Aliasghar , Rashidinia Ali , Irannejad Maziyar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute retinal necrosis is considered as a rare infectious uveitis. This condition is usually caused by Varicella-zoster virus or Herpes simplex virus. At the time being, acute retinal necrosis caused by co-infection of multiple viruses is sorely rare report. Herein, we report an immunocompetent patient who developed ARN with co-infection of Herpes Simplex Virus (type I and II) and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV).Findings: An adult immunocompetent man presented with complain of decreased vision of the right eye from 12 days before. Examination of the right eye revealed severe conjunctival injection, fine diffuse keratic precipitates, 3+ anterior chamber and vitreous cells, slightly elevated intraocular pressure (26), blurred optic disk with hemorrhagic patches, and occlusive vasculitis plus confluent necrotizing patches on the peripheral retina compatible with diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis. The patient has been admitted and underwent for sampling from intra-ocular fluids which showed presence of HSV I & II and VZV on real-Time PCR of vitreous specimens confirmed by rechecking. We used of intravenous acyclovir followed by oral acyclovir and oral prednisolone to control the disease which was successful. Conclusions: Although rare, we speculate multi viral infection may be considered in the physiopathology of acute retinal necrosis.
Rapid and automated leaf net photosynthetic rate determination for numerous phosphor-converted white-LED lights of different spectral distributions
Authors: Chen Yuanhao , Matsuda Ryo , Fujiwara Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPhosphor-converted white LEDs (PCW-LEDs) of numerous types with different relative spectral photon-flux-density distributions (SPDs) are commercially available today. Some are regarded as promising light sources for plant factories with artificial lighting. Therefore, some methods must be developed for rapidly selecting appropriate ones from numerous types of PCW-LEDs with relevant evaluation criteria. For rapid determination of leaf net photosynthetic rates (Pn) under dozens of PCW-LED lights with different SPDs, we have developed a rapid and mostly automated Pn-quantification method.ResultsThe method uses a modified LED-artificial sunlight source system (LASS system) and a Pn-measurement system. The modified LASS system includes LEDs of 30 types with different relative SPDs: monochromatic LEDs of 27 types (426–826 nm peak wavelengths) and PCW-LEDs of three types. The system combines the LED lights to produce light with an SPD, which can accurately approximate that of any PCW-LED light at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 150 μmol m−2 s−1. The Pn-quantification method includes two steps: Step 1 – producing the selected PCW-LED lights; Step 2 – using the modified LASS system to supply all the produced lights automatically and successively to an identical leaf and simultaneously measuring Pn using a Pn-measurement system. We produced PCW-LED lights of 30 types at a PPFD of 150 μmol m−2 s−1 within 2.5 h. Then we individually measured the Pn of cos lettuce, red-leaf lettuce, and green-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants under all produced lights in 16 h per cultivar per repetition. Results show that the mean Pn values of the cos lettuce, red-leaf lettuce, and green-leaf lettuce under the 30 produced lights were, respectively, 7.11–8.02, 5.76–7.11, and 4.83–6.17 μmol m−2 s−1 at 20 days after sowing.ConclusionsA rapid and greatly automated method was developed for successive measurement of Pn under dozens of combined lights, of which each SPD approximated that of the selected PCW-LED lights, within days, which indicates that the method can determine the Pn quickly under numerous PCW-LED lights. Consequently, it contributes to the rapid selection of PCW-LED lights performing high Pn.
A Method for Wheat Head Detection Based on Yolov4
Authors: Gong Bo , Ergu Daji , Cai Ying , Ma Bo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Plant phenotyping by deep learning has increased attention. The detection of wheat head in the field is an important mission for estimating the characteristics of wheat heads such as the density, health, maturity, and presence or absence of awns. Traditional wheat head detection methods have problems such as low efficiency, strong subjectivity, and poor accuracy. However, with the development of deep learning theory and the iteration of computer hardware, the accuracy of object detection method using deep neural networks has been greatly improved. Therefore, using a deep neural network method to detect wheat heads in images has a certain value. Results: In this paper, a method of wheat head detection based on deep neural network is proposed. Firstly, for improving the backbone network part, two SPP networks are introduced to enhance the ability of feature learning and increase the receptive field of the convolutional network. Secondly, the top-down and bottom-up feature fusion strategies are applied to obtain multi-level features. Finally, we use Yolov3's head structures to predict the bounding box of object. The results show that our proposed detection method for wheat head has higher accuracy and speed. The mean average precision of our method is 94.5%, and the detection speed of our proposed method is 88fps. Conclusion: The proposed deep neural network can accurately and quickly detector the wheat head in the image which is based on Yolov4. In addition, the training dataset is a wheat head dataset with accurate annotations and rich varieties, which makes the proposed method more robust and has a wide range of application values. The proposed detector is also more suitable for wheat detection task, with the deeper backbone networks. The use of spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) and multi-level features fusion, which all play a crucial role in improving detector performance. Our method provides beneficial help for the breeding of wheat
Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with AiDi Injection Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Qiu Suishan , Xue Lianfang , Liu Hui , Zhong Huiting , Li Leping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds, core genes, and pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effects of Aidi injection (ADI) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to provide a further research directions. Material and Methods: The bioactive compounds of ADI were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and the Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database, while targets related to these bioactive compounds and NSCLC were obtained from the GEO database. Cytoscape software was used to construct ingredients–protein-targets–pathway networks. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses and network analysis were performed to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the effects of ADI on NSCLC.Results: This study screened 45 bioactive compounds and 38 major proteins of ADI as potential agents that can act against NSCLC. The results revealed the following potential therapeutic targets of ADI in the treatment of NSCLC: FOS, VEGFA, EGFR, JUN, MMP9, IL2, STAT1, CASP1, NFKBA, and CDK2. The potential mechanisms via which ADI acts against NSCLC are closely related to the inhibition of apoptosis and the activation of signaling pathways. Conclusion: This study has revealed the multicompound, multitarget, and multichannel characteristics of ADI. This provides novel insight into further research investigations of the mechanism of ADI in NSCLC treatment.