bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active mucus-cilia hydrodynamic coupling drives self-organisation of human bronchial epithelium
Authors: Loiseau E. , Gsell S. , Nommick A. , Jomard C. , Gras D. , Chanez P. , D’Ortona U. , Kodjabachian L. , Favier J. , Viallat A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe respiratory tract is protected by mucus, a complex fluid transported along the epithelial surface by the coordinated beating of millions of microscopic cilia, hence the name of mucociliary clearance. Its impairment is a strong marker of severe chronic respiratory diseases. Yet, the relationship between ciliary density and the spatial scale of mucus transport, as well as the mechanisms that drive ciliary-beat orientations during ciliogenesis are much debated. Here, we show on polarized human bronchial epithelia that mucus swirls and circular orientational order of the underlying ciliary beats emerge and grow during ciliogenesis, until a macroscopic mucus transport is achieved for physiological ciliary densities. By establishing that the macroscopic ciliary-beat order is lost and recovered by removing and adding mucus respectively, we demonstrate that cilia/mucus hydrodynamic interactions govern the collective dynamics of ciliary-beat directions. We propose a two-dimensional model that predicts a phase diagram of mucus transport in accordance with the experiments. It paves the way to a predictive in-silico modeling of bronchial mucus transport in health and disease.
Improving the financial performance of SMEs
Authors: Ardito Lorenzo , Galati Francesco , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Corvino Antonio 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of the presence in foreign markets on small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) financial performance. Furthermore, it seeks to examine the moderating effect of corporate group and alliance portfolio size on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors develop hypotheses concerning the relationship between the presence in foreign markets and SMEs’ financial performance as well as the moderating role of the size of an SME’s corporate group and alliance portfolio. Afterward, the authors used ordinary least square regression to the test the hypotheses based on a sample of 5,885 high-tech US SMEs registered in the Orbis database (Bureau van Dijk).FindingsResults of the study reveal that the presence in foreign markets is positively associated with an SME’s financial performance, with the size of the corporate group enhancing this relationship, hence confirming the conjectures. Instead, the size of the alliance portfolio appears to not exert any moderating effect, in contrast with the last hypothesis.Originality/valueForm a theoretical perspective, the authors dig into the literature assessing the performance outcomes of SMEs and contingent effects of the possibility to tap into external resources of other firms. By so doing, the findings support a specific stream of the literature in claiming the positive effects deriving from being part of a corporate group. Conversely, the findings seem to go in the opposite direction of the majority of the literature that claim a positive impact of alliances on financial performances, while supporting those studies stressing that alliances pose significant challenges for SMEs and should be carefully identified and managed.
The effects of market and entrepreneurial orientation on the ambidexterity of multinational companies’ subsidiaries
Authors: Martins Fellipe Silva , Lucato Wagner Cezar , Vils Leonardo , Serra Fernando Antonio Ribeiro 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis study aims to explore the effect of crises on multinational companies’ (MNC) subsidiaries’ performance. It is hypothesized that crisis-led business underperformance will lead subsidiaries to choose market oriented or entrepreneurial oriented strategies (or both, “ambiorientation”). Finally, this study explores the idea that subsidiaries address market orientation (MO)-based strategies will address both exploration and exploitation outcomes, whereas those that choose entrepreneurial orientation (EO)-based strategies will focus on exploration only.Design/methodology/approachPartial-least square structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. Data collection consisted of 280 full answers regarding MNC subsidiaries in Brazil.FindingsThe data provide evidence that crisis perception affects firms’ business performance. MNC subsidiaries in emerging economies, when confronting crises, take two different paths and use both market orientation, as well as entrepreneurial orientation (what the authors call “ambiorientation”). MO-based strategies cause both exploration and exploitation outcomes, and their combined result is comparable to EO-based strategies that focus only on exploration.Research limitations/implicationsData collection was performed only in MNC subsidiaries in Brazil, and the results may differ depending on the area and the origin of the multinationals. Second, the sample concentrated on industrial activities, where there is space for both exploration and exploitation strategies.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by discussing the role of crises in shaping the possible strategic reactions multinational companies’ subsidiaries may undertake in emerging countries and their possible outcomes.
Archetypes of sourcing decision-making
Authors: Schleper Martin C. , Blome Constantin , Stanczyk Alina 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop taxonomy of sourcing decision-making (SDM) archetypes and explore how different contextual factors influence these archetypes when global sourcing of complex components is considered a viable option.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study approach with five in-depth cases is employed. In total, 19 interviews as well as publicly available and internal data from large buying firms headquartered in Austria and Germany were collected and analyzed.FindingsThe results reveal three different SDM archetypes which are described in detail (i.e. “consensus,” “argumentation” and “cabal”). Furthermore, it is found that these archetypes are mainly influenced by three contextual factors: sourcing maturity, product complexity and leadership style. The final model comprises six propositions which illustrate how these contextual factors determine companies’ SDM archetypes.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to theory development at the intersection of organizational buying behavior and the (global) SDM literature. Thereby, it answers the call for more rigorous investigation of the influence of contextual factors on SDM processes.Practical implicationsThe findings enable practitioners to better understand and consequently manage SDM processes and their outcomes. By supporting decision-makers in identifying SDM archetypes, this study allows sourcing managers and teams to make better decisions by avoiding problems that occur in situations in which the preferred decision-making type would result in suboptimal decisions.Originality/valueThe study provides a first step toward taxonomy of SDM archetypes and is among the first that explores their underlying contextual factors.
Self-perceptions of English and Welsh constables and sergeants preparedness for online crime
Authors: Burruss George , Howell Christian Jordan , Bossler Adam , Holt Thomas J. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeCybercrime is the greatest threat facing law enforcement agencies in England and Wales. Although these crimes are transnational by nature, the burden of response has been placed on line officers. Not all officers, however, believe they are capable of responding to calls involving cybercrime. The current study, using latent class analysis (LCA) on a large sample of English and Welsh officers, finds two types of officers: those prepared (39 percent) and those unprepared (61 percent). Using logistic regression to predict who falls into either classification, the authors find that training and age are the best predictors of latent membership. Implications for policy and future research are discussed. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors used LCA to determine the number and character of unobserved categories of officers in how they deal with cybercrime.FindingsThe LCA indicated there are two distinct categories of police in the English and Welsh constabulary: those prepared (39 percent) and those unprepared (61 percent). Training and age were the two key determinants of this classification.Research limitations/implicationsLCA is an exploratory analysis technique that requires additional validation to confirm the findings of any one study.Practical implicationsThe salience of training in helping officers feel prepared to deal with cybercrime cases as well as victims was demonstrated. A full 60 percent of the officers in this study fell in the “unprepared” category, which continues to highlight the limitations of local police to handle cybercrime cases; nevertheless, almost 40 percent of officer could be considered ready when responding to cybercrimes.Social implicationsAs the harm cybercrime brings to our financial and social well-being, law enforcement agencies will be required to improve their response capabilities. Most current cybercrime responses address technical issues related to online fraud and abuse, but officers often perceive the problem as outside their legal and geographic jurisdiction. Knowing how officers perceive cybercrime as well as their own capabilities will allow us to begin changing enforcement policies, training capacity and individual response efficacy.Originality/valueThis study involved a sample of English and Welsh constables and sergeants to classify their cybercrime readiness. The analysis and particular data are unique to the study of cybercrime.
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 syrM inactivation affects the expression of a large number of genes, impairs nodulation with soybean and extends the host‐range to Lotus japonicus
Authors: Acosta‐Jurado Sebastián , Alias‐Villegas Cynthia , Navarro‐Gómez Pilar , Almozara Andrés , Rodríguez‐Carvajal Miguel A. , Medina Carlos , Vinardell José‐María 
Published: December 2019

SummarySinorhizobium fredii HH103 RifR is a broad host‐range rhizobial strain able to nodulate with soybean and Lotus burttii, but it is ineffective with L. japonicus. Here, we study the role of the HH103 RifR SyrM protein in the regulation of gene expression and its relevance in symbiosis with those three legumes. RNAseq analyses show that HH103 SyrM is an important transcriptional regulator not only in the presence of inducer flavonoids but also in its absence. Lack of SyrM increases Nod factors production and decreases genistein‐mediated repression of exopolysaccharide production in HH103. In symbiosis, mutation of syrM partially impaired interaction with soybean but improves effectiveness with L. burttii and extends the host‐rage to L. japonicus Gifu. In addition, HH103 syrM mutants enter in both Lotus species by infection threads, whereas HH103 uses the more primitive intercellular infection to enter into L. burttii roots These symbiotic phenotypes were previously observed in two other HH103 mutants affected in symbiotic regulators, nodD2 and nolR, revealing that in S. fredii HH103 numerous transcriptional regulators finely modulate symbiotic gene expression.
Values in tension. Clinical quality and civic participation in umbilical cord blood banking in Italy
Authors: Beltrame Lorenzo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the dominant narrative of bioethics and biomedical discourse on public Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) banking, the ethical value of donating UCB is unproblematically associated with the clinical quality of collected UCB. This article shows that this view is analytically untenable as it overlooks tensions and conflicts between the social values of donation and the clinical value of banked UCB in concrete arrangements regarding the logistics of UCB donation and collection. Adopting the notion of registers of valuing (Heuts and Mol 2013: Valuation Studies, 1, 2, 125–46) and analysing the case of the Italian network of public UCB banks and collection sites, this article shows how conflicting registers of valuing concerning UCB can shape different organisational models of UCB donation and collection, in which social values and clinical value are not unproblematically conflated. The article aims to demonstrate that the functioning of biobanking arrangements is dependent on how different values are accomplished and aligned in concrete practices of tissue donation and collection.
Origin and distribution of the brachial plexus of the Van cats
Authors: Hakkı Nur İsmail , Keleş Hacı , Pérez William 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKnowing the structure and variations of the plexus brachialis is important in neck and shoulder surgery. The knowledge of the brachial plexus reduces the injury rate of the nerves in surgical interventions to the axillary region. The major nerve trunks of the thoracic limb were the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves. In Van cats, the brachial plexus was formed by the ventral branches of the spinal nerves, C6‐C7‐C8 and T1. The 7th cervical nerve was quite thick compared to the others. The subscapular nerve was the thinnest (on the right side, the average length was 6.55 ± 0.60 mm and on the left side was 6.50 ± 0.60 mm), and the radial nerve was the thickest (the average length on the right side was 28.48 ± 0.44 mm and on the left side was 29.11 ± 0.55 mm). The suprascapular nerve was formed by the ventral branch of the 6th cervical nerve. The subscapular nerves were formed by a branch originating from the 6th cervical nerve and the two medial and caudal branches originating from the 7th cervical nerve. No communicating branch between the ulnar nerve and the median nerve was observed in the palmar region. The axillary nerve was formed by the ventral branches of the 7th nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve was formed by ventral branches of the 6th and 7th cervical nerves, and the ulnar nerve was formed by ventral branches of the 8th cervical and the 1st thoracic nerves. The radial nerve was the thickest branch in the brachial plexus. In Van cats, the origin and distribution of nerves were similar to those reported in the literature for other species of cats, with the exception of the suprascapular, subscapular and axillary nerves.
Australian endocrinologists need more training in transgender health: A national survey
Authors: Bretherton Ingrid , Grossmann Mathis , Leemaqz Shalem Y. , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Cheung Ada S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveAn increasing number of trans and gender diverse (TGD) individuals are seeking gender‐affirming hormone therapy for gender transition. Little is known about the levels of training, experience and confidence of endocrinologists in providing care and lack of training and experience is a potential barrier to individuals seeking appropriate and timely health care. We aimed to assess the level of training and confidence of Australian endocrinologists and trainees in the endocrine management of trans and gender diverse individuals in a representative sample.DesignEndocrinologist and trainee members of the Endocrine Society of Australia were invited to participate in an anonymous 14‐item survey. Of the 545 members, 147 clinicians (95 adult endocrinologists, 2 paediatric endocrinologists and 50 endocrinology trainees) responded.ResultsWhen presented with a scenario regarding commencement of gender‐affirming hormone therapy, only 19% felt confident providing clinical care to TGD individuals. Compared to other areas of endocrinology, 75% felt less or not at all confident in commencing hormone therapy in a TGD patient. No training in transgender medicine during medical school or during their endocrinology training was reported by 96% and 60%, respectively. There were significantly higher levels of confidence in all aspects including performing a consultation in those who had previously seen a TGD patient. The desire for more training was high (91%).ConclusionsThese results highlight the shortfall in training in TGD health care amongst endocrinologists and show that prior clinical experience is associated with higher levels of confidence. Medical schools and endocrinology fellowship training programmes will need to adapt to meet the increasing demand for quality TGD health services.
Final year dental students' self‐assessed confidence in general dentistry
Authors: Rajan Sadna , Chen Hong Yang , Chen Jess Jinxuan , Chin‐You Samantha , Chee Sandra , Chrun Rina , Byun Jasper , Abuzar Menaka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐assessment is an important introspective skill that dental professionals will utilise throughout their professional career. Its value lies in its ability to help individuals identify areas of strengths and weakness, and subsequently seek further development of professional skills where needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between self‐assessed confidence and the assessment grade of final year dental students based on the professional attributes and competencies of newly qualified dentists outlined by the Australian Dental Council (ADC).MethodsEthical approval was obtained prior to distribution of a questionnaire with 45 statements to final year dental students. The survey was created based on the learning outcomes of the ADC guidelines in the domains of “scientific and clinical knowledge” and “patient care.” Participants indicated their level of self‐assessed confidence by marking “X” on a visual analogue scale (VAS) from zero (“No Confidence”) to 10 cm (“Very Confident”). The assessment grade was based on OSCE, viva voce, case report and written paper.ResultsA total of 58 (71.6%) dental students participated in the survey. The reported self‐assessed confidence over two domains were under “patient care”: clinical information gathering 8.92 ± 1.07 cm (range =3.94‐10.0 cm: n = 58; 100%), clinical diagnosis and management planning 8.26 ± 1.34 cm (range =0.50‐9.95 cm: n = 55; 94.8%), clinical treatment and evaluation, 6.07 ± 1.69 cm (range =0‐10.00 cm: n = 55; 94.8%), and “scientific and clinical knowledge”: 6.98 ± 1.58 cm (range =0‐10.00 cm: n = 58; 100.0%). Within these categories, high confidence was reported for routine dental care (caries management and preventive care) whilst lower confidence was reported for the management of oral medicine and pathologies, dental emergencies, trauma, paediatric dentistry and prosthodontics. Correlation between the assessment grade and the overall score of self‐assessed confidence is low positive (r = .225) and not statistically significant (n = 46; P = .132, Spearman'sρ).ConclusionsThe final year dental students appear to have good overall self‐assessed confidence in core areas of general dentistry. However, confidence seems to be over‐estimated when compared with summative assessment.
Better off alone? Compared performance of monoclonal and polyclonal stands of a cultivated red alga growth
Authors: Usandizaga Sara , Buschmann Alejandro H. , Camus Carolina , Kappes José Luis , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie , Mauger Stéphane , Valero Myriam , Guillemin Marie Laure 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test, using a field experiment, the effect of genotypic diversity on productivity of farmed populations (Ancud and Chaica, Chile) of the domesticated red alga Agarophyton chilense (formerly known as Gracilaria chilensis), a species considered as economically important in Chile. Monoclonal and polyclonal (4 and 8 genotypes) subplots were outplanted into the mid intertidal in Metri Bay (Puerto Montt, Chile) during summer, a season in which A. chilense face higher temperatures (>18°C) and low nitrogen availability (<4.00 μmol). Ancud farm genotypes show higher growth rates in the monoclonal rather than the two polyclonal subplots. A similar tendency, yet not significant, was discernible in Chaica. In addition, whatever the population of origin of the thalli, no effect of genotypic diversity was detected neither on the agar yield and its quality, nor on the epiphyte load. Such unexpected results of a higher performance in plots with a lower genotypic diversity could be explained (a) by human‐assisted selection for dominant‐best‐performing genotypes that could counterbalance the negative effect caused by the low genotypic diversity in farms and (b) by the fact that the organisms inhabiting the algal mats do not impact the fitness of their host. Overall, the results obtained here suggest that despite farm induced selection lead to impoverished pools of genotypes, they may also have a positive effect of on the resistance of farmed populations to seasonal stressors. However, whether this may have a secondary negative effect on the longer term in a fluctuating environment remains to be determined, but may be avoided by adopting strategy of selection favoring different genotypes in space and time, as implemented in forestry.
Personality, interview faking, and the mediating role of attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control
Authors: Bourdage Joshua S. , Schmidt Joseph , Wiltshire Jocelyn , Nguyen Brenda , Lee Clara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the psychological processes underlying interview faking, and that link personality to interview faking. In a sample of 198 recent interviewees, surveyed across three time points, we examined the mediating role of three constructs from the theory of planned behavior (TPB; i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) in explaining the relationship between the traits of Honesty–Humility and Conscientiousness and one form of interview faking (i.e., extensive image creation). Results indicated that all three TPB constructs correlated with interview faking, although only attitudes and subjective norms predicted faking incrementally. Attitudes and norms mediated the relationships between Honesty–Humility and Conscientiousness and interview faking. This study provides insight into interview faking, and the link between personality and interview faking.