bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength and Size of Phosphorus-Rich Patches Determine the Foraging Strategy of Neyraudia reynaudiana
Authors: Cai Liping , Wang Yuzhen , Tigabu Mulualem , Hou Xiaolong , Wu Pengfei , Zhou Chuifan , Ma Xiangqing , Cai Liping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Under natural conditions, soil nutrients are heterogeneously distributed, and plants have developed adaptation strategies to efficiently forage patchily distributed nutrient. Most previous studies examined either patch strength or patch size separately and focused mainly on root morphological plasticity (increased root proliferation in nutrient-rich patch), thus the effects of both patch strength and size on morphological and physiological plasticity are not well understood. In this study, we examined the foraging strategy of Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hithc, a pioneer grass colonizing degraded sites, with respect to patch strength and size in heterogeneously distributed phosphorus (P), and how foraging patchily distributed P affects total plant biomass production. Plants were grown in sand-culture pots divided into ½, ¼, 1/6 compartments and full size and supplied with 0 + 0/30, 0 + 7.5/30 and 7.5 + 0/30 mg P/kg dry soil as KH2PO4 or 0 + 15/15, 0 + 18.5/ 18.5, 7.5 + 15/15 mg kg−1 in the homogenous treatment. The first amount was the P concentration in the central region, and that the second amount was the P concentration in the outer parts of the pot. Results: After 3 months of growth under experimental conditions, significantly (p < 0.05) high root elongation, root surface area, root volume and average root diameter was observed in large patches with high patch strength. Roots absorbed significantly more P in P-replete than P-deficient patches. Whole plant biomass production was significantly higher in larger patches with high patch strength than small patches and homogeneous P distribution. Conclusion: The result demonstrates that root morphological and physiological plasticity are important adaptive strategies for foraging patchily distributed P and the former is largely determined by patch strength and size. The results also establish that foraging patchily distributed P resulted in increased total plant biomass production compared to homogeneous P distribution.
Responses to drought stress modulate the susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine
Authors: Heyman Lisa , Chrysargyris Antonios , Demeestere Kristof , Tzortzakis Nikolaos , Höfte Monica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundClimate change will increase the occurrence of plants simultaneously suffering drought and pathogen stress. Although it is well-known that drought can alter the way plants respond to pathogens, knowledge about the effect of concurrent drought and biotic stress in grapevine is scarce. This is especially true for Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. This research addresses how vines with different drought tolerance respond to the challenge with P. viticola, drought stress or their combination, and how one stress affects the other. ResultsArtificial inoculation was performed on two cultivars, exposed to full or deficit irrigation, in the Mediterranean climate of Cyprus. In parallel, leaf disks from these plants were inoculated in controlled conditions. Leaves were sampled at an early infection stage to determine the influence of the single and combined stresses on oxidative parameters, chlorophyll, and phytohormones. Under irrigation, the local Cypriot cultivar Xynisteri was more susceptible to P. viticola than the drought-sensitive Chardonnay. The successful infection by P. viticola at 1.5 days post inoculation was associated with high levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and proline and strong decreases in antioxidant enzyme activity. Drought, on the other hand, triggered the accumulation of IAA and abscisic acid (ABA), which antagonized JA and SA. Exposure to drought stress increased the susceptibility to P. viticola of the leaves inoculated in controlled conditions. Conversely, both cultivars showed resistance against P. viticola when inoculated in planta under continued deficit irrigation. Despite their resistance, the pathogen-associated responses in IAA, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline still occurred in these drought-stressed plants. Surprisingly, abscisic acid, rather than the generally implicated jasmonic and salicylic acid, seemed to play a prominent role in this resistance. ConclusionsDrought exposure increased the susceptibility of in vitro inoculated leaves. Conversely, deficit irrigation induced resistance to P. viticola in both Chardonnay and Xynisteri when inoculated in planta. ABA, rather than JA and SA, was implicated in this resistance. The irrigation-dependent susceptibility highlights that the changing climate and the practices used to mitigate its effects, may have a profound impact on plant pathogens.
Outcomes of infants born to pregnant women with syphilis: A nationwide study in Korea
Authors: Lim Joohee , Yoon So Jin , Shin Jeong Eun , Han Jungho , Lee Soon Min , Eun Ho Seon , Park Min soo , Park Kook In 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Despite expansion of antenatal syphilis screening programs, congenital syphilis (CS) remains a concern. Purpose. This study aimed to analyze the manifestation and progress of CS including treatment and follow-up based on a nationwide study. Methods. From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, a total of 548 infants were examined for CS during their first year of life from 2013 to 2018. Neurosyphilis and complications were investigated using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes.Results. The birth rate of infants from mothers with syphilis was 2.8 per 10,000 live births for 5 years, which is not indicative of a decreasing trend. Overall, 148 infants were proven or highly probable or possible of having CS with treatment over 10 days; 66 infants were possible or less likely of having CS with only 1-day treatment. Jaundice (56%) was common, followed by hearing impairment (14%), renal disease (8%), and mental retardation (8%). Fourteen cases of neurosyphilis occurred. Infants with complications, including mental retardation, eye involvement, hearing impairment, or renal disease, were significantly associated with neurosyphilis (OR 8.49, P<0.0001). Of 250 patients who received treatment, 92.8% were treated with one medication: benzathine penicillin was used in 73% of patients. Only 4 patients were re-treated due to treatment failure. In addition to the treponemal test, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption was the most utilized tool for diagnosis and follow up. Conclusion. Establishing standardized guidelines for the evaluation of and for treatment regimens and follow up plans for CS at a national level would help improve maternal and neonatal care and facilitate the eradication of CS in Korea.
Computational Barthel Index: An Automated Tool for Assessing and Predicting Activities of Daily Living Among Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Wojtusiak Janusz , Asadzadehzanjani Negin , Levy Cari , Alemi Farrokh , Williams Allison E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Assessment of functional ability, including Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), is a manual process completed by skilled health professionals. In the presented research, an automated decision support tool, the Computational Barthel Index Tool (CBIT), was constructed that can automatically assess and predict probabilities of current and future ADLs based on patients’ medical history. Methods: The data used to construct the tool include the demographic information, inpatient and outpatient diagnosis codes, and reported disabilities of 181,213 residents of the Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) Community Living Centers. Supervised machine learning methods were applied to construct the CBIT. Temporal information about times from the first and the most recent occurrence of diagnoses was encoded. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to tune hyperparameters, and independent test sets were used to evaluate models using AUC, accuracy, recall and precision. Random forest achieved the best model quality. Models were calibrated using isotonic regression. Results: The unabridged version of CBIT uses 578 patient characteristics and achieved average AUC of 0.94 (0.93-0.95), accuracy of 0.90 (0.89-0.91), precision of 0.91 (0.89-0.92), and recall of 0.90 (0.84-0.95) when re-evaluating patients. CBIT is also capable of predicting ADLs up to one year ahead, with accuracy decreasing over time, giving average AUC of 0.77 (0.73-0.79), accuracy of 0.73 (0.69-0.80), precision of 0.74 (0.66-0.81), and recall of 0.69 (0.34-0.96). A simplified version of CBIT with 50 top patient characteristics reached performance that does not significantly differ from full CBIT.Conclusion: Discharge planners, disability application reviewers and clinicians evaluating comparative effectiveness of treatments can use CBIT to assess and predict information on functional status of patients.
Analysis of cesarean section rates using Robson Ten Group Classification System in a tertiary teaching hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abubeker Ferid A. , Gashawbeza Biruck , Gebre Thomas Mekuria , Wondafrash Mekitie , Teklu Alula M. , Degu Demis , Bekele Delayehu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Cesarean section (CS) is an important indicator of access to, and quality of maternal health services. The World Health Organization recommends the Robson ten group classification system as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing CS rates at all levels. This study aimed to assess the rate of CS and perform an analysis based on Robson classification system. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected from medical charts of all women who delivered from January-June 2018. The overall CS rate was calculated then women were categorized into one of the ten Robson groups. Relative size of each group, contribution of each group to the overall CS rate, and CS rate within each group were calculated. Results A total of 4,200 deliveries were analyzed. Of these 1,459 (34.7%) were CS. The largest contributors to the overall CS rate were Group 10 (19.1%), Group 2 (18.3%), Group 5 (17.1%), and Group 4 (15.8%). There was also a high rate of pre-labor CS in Group 2, Group 4, and Group 10. Conclusion Through implementation of the Robson ten group classification system, we identified the contribution of each group to the overall CS rate as well as the CS rate within each group. Group 10 was the leading contributor to the overall CS rate. This study also revealed a high rate of CS among low-risk groups. These target groups require more in-depth analysis to identify possible modifiable factors and to apply specific interventions to reduce the CS rate. Evaluation of existing management protocols and further studies into indications of CS and outcomes are needed to design tailored strategies and improve outcomes.
Cell Banking of HEK293T cell line for clinical-grade lentiviral particles manufacturing
Authors: Perpiña Unai , Herranz Cristina , Martin-Ibañez Raquel , Boronat Anna , Chiappe Felipe , Monforte Verónica , Orpella-Arecet Gemma , González Ester , Olive Myriam , Castella Maria , Suñe Guillermo , Urbano Alvaro , Delgado Julio , Juan Manel , Canals Josep M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cell banks are widely used to preserve cell properties as well as to record and control the use of cell lines in biomedical research. The generation of cell banks for the manufacturing of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, such as cell and gene therapy products, must comply with current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations. The quality of the cell lines used as starting materials in viral-vector manufacturing processes must be also assessed.Methods: Three batches of a Master Cell Bank and a Working Cell Bank of the HEK293T cell line were manufactured under current Good Manufacturing Practices regulations. Quality control tests were performed according to product specifications. Process validation includes the training of manufacturing personnel by performing simulation tests, and the continuous measurement of environmental parameters such as air particles and microorganisms. Cell number and viability of cryopreserved cells were periodically measured in order to define the stability of these cellular products.Results: All batches of HEK293T Master and Working Cell Banks met the acceptance criteria of their specifications showing the robustness and homogeneity of the processes. In addition, both Master and Working Cell Banks maintained the defined cell viability and concentration over a 37 month-period after cryopreservation. Conclusions: Manufacturing cell banks under Good Manufacturing Practice regulations for their use as raw materials or final cellular products is feasible. HEK293T cell banks were used to manufacture clinical-grade lentiviral particles for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell based clinical trials.
Parathyroid carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Liang , Xie Xiaojun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundParathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare thyroid tumor. PC with sarcomatoid differentiation(PCSD) is even rarer and its exact etiology remains unclear. We here report a case of PCSD, and present the clinicopathological features and pathological diagnosis and review the literature.Case presentationA 71-year-old man presented with a mass of 4.5 cm × 3.5 cm in the right neck. The tumor was composed of nest-like transparent cells, and the septum had heterotypic rhabdoid cells with sarcomatoid differentiation. Immunophenotype was as follows: MyoD1, myogenin and desmin were positive; clear cells were positive for CGA, Syn and GATA-3; and Ki-67 proliferation index was 40%. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The patient was diagnosed with PCSD, and died 6 months after surgery.ConclusionsPCSD is a rare type of primary parathyroid tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Definitive diagnosis should be based on histopathological morphology and immunophenotype, and surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible.
Phylogenetic reconstruction of adult blood cancer reveals early origins and lifelong evolution.
Authors: Nangalia Jyoti , Williams Nicholas , Lee Joe , Moore Luiza , Baxter E , Hewinson James , Dawson Kevin , Menzies Andrew , Godfrey Anna , Green Anthony , Campbell Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mutations in cancer-associated genes drive tumour outgrowth. However, the timing of driver mutations and dynamics of clonal expansion that lead to human cancers are largely unknown. We used 448,553 somatic mutations from whole-genome sequencing of 843 clonal haematopoietic colonies to reconstruct the phylogeny of haematopoiesis, from embryogenesis to clinical disease, in 10 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms which are blood cancers more common in older age. JAK2V617F, the pathognomonic mutation in these cancers, was acquired in utero or childhood, with upper estimates of age of acquisition ranging between 4.1 months and 11.4 years across 5 patients. DNMT3A mutations, which are associated with age-related clonal haematopoiesis, were also acquired in utero or childhood, by 7.9 weeks of gestation to 7.8 years across 4 patients. Subsequent driver mutation acquisition was separated by decades. The mean latency between JAK2V617F acquisition and clinical presentation was 34 years (range 20-54 years). Rates of clonal expansion varied substantially (<10% to >200% expansion/year), were affected by additional driver mutations, and predicted latency to clinical presentation. Driver mutations and rates of expansion would have been detectable in blood one to four decades before clinical presentation. This study reveals how driver mutation acquisition very early in life with life-long growth trajectories drive adult blood cancer, providing opportunities for early detection and intervention, and a new paradigm for cancer development.
SPECIFICITY OF PROOF IN CASES OF INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON SITES ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Mudrytska Kateryna 
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the rapid development of both technical progress and activities on the Internet, including the economic one, could not but affect the improvement of existing and the emergence of new mechanisms for violating the rights of intellectual property subjects, gives rise to various disputes between participants in the relevant relations, and such disputes is no exception, since each category of court cases has its own peculiarities of consideration. However, analyzing the judicial practice, a number of procedural problems related to evidence and proving in the field of intellectual property rights protection on Internet sites were identified. – Object of Research: What is the key of proof? – Where? and Who? need to collect evidence? – What is meant by belonging and admissibility of evidence? – What are the ways of securing facts as means of proof on the Internet? Investigated problem: to give a legal assessment not only to the norms of national and international legislation, but also to the practical experience of using the institution of proof in the protection of intellectual property rights raised on sites on the Internet. The main scientific results: the procedural nuances of proving the violation of intellectual property rights on sites on the Internet are highlighted, problematic points are identified, and the proposed optimal ways to overcome them, both in pre-trial and in court. The area of practical use of the research results: fixation, preservation of the evidence itself, their assessment, both in pre-trial and in court. Innovative technological product: an algorithm (technical and legal) securing factual data from the Internet site for submitting them to court. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: the application of the algorithm for securing factual data from the Internet site when protecting intellectual property rights should be carried out in accordance with the rules of the current Economic Procedure Code of Ukraine, namely Chapter 5 "Evidence" of Section 1.
Nanomaterials for Deep Tumor Treatment
Authors: Kirsanova Daria Yu. , Gadzhimagomedova Zaira M. , Maksimov Aleksey Yu. , Soldatov Alexander V. 
Published: November 2020

:
According to statistics, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Thus, it is
important to solve this medical and social problem by developing new effective methods for cancer
treatment. An alternative to more well-known approaches, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is
photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is limited to the shallow tissue penetration (< 1 cm) of visible
light. Since the PDT process can be initiated in deep tissues by X-ray irradiation (X-ray induced PDT,
or XPDT), it has a great potential to treat tumors in internal organs. The article discusses the principles
of therapies. The main focus is on various nanoparticles used with or without photosensitizers,
which allow the conversion of X-ray irradiation into UV-visible light. Much attention is given to the
synthesis of nanoparticles and analysis of their characteristics, such as size and spectral features. The
results of in vitro and in vivo experiments are also discussed.
Value of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Versus Traditional Medication in Microalbuminuric Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hussein Nahla , Abdelrahman Fatma , Khedr Abdelrahman , Aref Hayam , Halawa Mohamed Reda , ELSharkawy Magdy 
Published: November 2020

Background::
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is a new arment in
the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease with a potential effect on reducing and preventing
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progression.

Objective::
To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor in comparison to traditional medication in diabetic
patients with microalbuminuria.

Methods:
A total of 60 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria were divided into group I, where
30 patients were treated by traditional medications (RAAS blockers) and group II where 30 patients
were treated by Dapagliflozin added to the traditional medications. All patients were followed
up for 6 months and their Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and eGFR changes were
monitered.

Results::
UACR significantly declined after 6 months of treatment in group II with a p-value
<0.001. There were no significant eGFR changes between both groups. Systolic blood pressure decreases
in both groups, but the decrease was highly significant in group II (pvalue<0.001). Diastolic
blood pressure decreases significantly in both groups (p-value<0.001). Also, bodyweight reduced
significantly in group II with a p-value<0.001.

Conclusion::
Dapagliflozin, when added to traditional medications (RAAS Blockers), leads to a significant
reduction in microalbuminuria with no significant eGFR changes.
Evaluasi pembelajaran tata nilai budaya Yogyakarta di taman kanak-kanak se-kabupaten bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Sudaryanti Sudaryanti , Pamungkas Joko , Harun Harun , Syamsudin Amir 
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran dan mengelompokkan capaian perkembangan anak tentangtata nilai moral & social-emosional anak usia dini di Taman Kanak-kanak wilayah Kabupaten Bantul. Rancangan evaluasi terdiri dari deskripsi proses pembelajaran tata nilai kemasyarakatan dan tata nilai moral di Taman Kanak-kanak, penilaian capaian perkembangan anak, dan pengelompokkan capaian perkembangan tata nilai moral & social-emosional anak. Temuan penelitian adalah 53% guru TK sudah melakukan proses pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi anak, dan 43.2% capaian perkembangan anak sudah melampaui standar capaian perkembangan tata nilai moral & social-emosional anak. Kata Kunci: nilai moral, social-emosional, pembelajaran, anak usia dini.
Pengaruh kegiatan senam irama terhadap kecerdasan kinestetik pada anak kelompok b tk mustabaqul khoir Palembang
Authors: Hasibuan Nanda Renza Farah , Fauzi Taty , Novianti Rahmah 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh kegiatan senam irama terhadap kecerdasan kinestetik pada anak kelompok B TK Mustabaqul Khoir palembang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B1 dengan jumlah 16 anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen desain Pre-Experimental Designs dengan jenis One-Shot Case Study. Dalam desain ini terdapat suatu kelompok diberi treatment, dan selanjutnya diobservasi hasilnya. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang didapat untuk data pretest uji normalitas data yang diperoleh adalah 0,71 dan data posttest diperoleh 0.97 sehingga dapat dikatakan dari kedua data tersebut terdistribusi normal. Kemudian hasil perhitungan uji normalitas data untuk < atau 1,34 < 2,11, maka varians-varians dinyatakan normal. Tahap berikutnya dilakukan pengujian hipotesis dari hasil perhitungan uji-t diperoleh = 131.40 jika dibandingkan dengan 16= 94,5 berarti tolak dan diterima maka, perbandingan data pretest dan data posttest dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh kegiatan senam irama terhadap kecerdasan kinestetik pada anak kelompok B di TK Mustabaqul Khoir Palembang.