bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting in Line with the Office
Authors: Affolter Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores how asylum caseworkers are socialised on the job and thereby acquire an institutional habitus. Decision-makers are disciplined, incentivised, compelled, but also “ideationally conditioned” (Gill inTransactions of the Institute of British Geographers34 (2): 215–233, 2009) to think, act and feel in certain ways. The chapter argues that how organisational socialisation works can only be understood by taking three factors into account: what belonging to the office and to different “communities of interpretation” (Affolter, Miaz, and Poertner inAsylum Determination in Europe: Ethnographic Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, pp. 263–284, 2019; Wenger inKnowing in Organizations: A Practice-Based Approach. M.E. Sharp, Armonk, pp. 76–99, 2003) within the office means; how decision-makers acquire, and are taught, the necessaryDienstwissen(Weber inEconomy and Society. University of California Press, Berkeley, 2013 [1978]) for carrying out their tasks; and the accountability decision-makers feel towards other actors: peers and superiors, but also politicians, the media and “the public”. Together these aspects of organisational socialisation shape what decision-makers come to perceive as “normal” and “appropriate” practices. Through becoming members of the office, they develop a “socialised subjectivity” (Bourdieu and Wacquant inAn Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Polity Press, Cambridge, pp. 61–215, 1992) which, in turn, shapes their everyday decision-making practices.
The Good Decision-Maker or Protecting the System
Authors: Affolter Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores how “digging deep”, which stands for the active “search for” inconsistencies in asylum seekers’ narratives in asylum interviews, becomes the morally correct thing for decision-makers to do. Building on Eckert (The Bureaucratic Production of Difference. transcript, Bielefeld, pp. 7–26, 2020) I challenge the depiction of bureaucracies as anethical and amoral. Ethics I understand not in a normative, but rather in an empirical sense, as the common good the administration is oriented towards. The chapter brings to light how particularly through fairness—both as a procedural norm and ethical value—digging deep is established as a routine, professionally necessary and desirable practice, which is connected to decision-makers’ role as “protectors of the system”. I argue that digging deep actively generates the “liars” and “false refugees” it sets out to “uncover”, thereby reinforcing the perception that, indeed, there “are” many false refugees which, again, strengthens the office’s and individual decision-makers’ endeavours to identify and exclude them from asylum.
Econometric Modelling: Extensions
Authors: Mariel Petr , Hoyos David , Meyerhoff Jürgen , Czajkowski Mikolaj , Dekker Thijs , Glenk Klaus , Jacobsen Jette Bredahl , Liebe Ulf , Olsen Søren Bøye , Sagebiel Julian , Thiene Mara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to advanced issues of econometric modelling. The topics covered are, among others, models in willingness to pay space, the meaning of scale heterogeneity in discrete choice models and the application of various information processing rules such as random regret minimisation or attribute non-attendance. Other topics are anchoring and learning effects when respondents move through a sequence of choice tasks as well as different information processing strategies such as lexicographic preferences or choices based on elimination-by-aspects.
A Critical Outlook on Assumptions—Decision Systems in Transformation Towards Sustainability
Authors: Hernandez Ariel Macaspac 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSome assumptions about decision systems in the context of transformation towards sustainability will be presented in this chapter. These assumptions are backed by rationales, which highlight the utility preferences of agents and audience. In addition, trade-offs reflect the selection of the most important caveats that decision-makers are confronted with.
Ideal Types—Theoretical Models as Agent of Transformation Towards Sustainability
Authors: Hernandez Ariel Macaspac 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces the ideal types of a transformative policy pathway as the agencies of transformation: democratic, authoritarian, institutional, activistic, technocratic or bureaucratic, and post-democratic. Functioning as ‘corridors’ where transformation is facilitated, each of these ideal types of policy models may have distinct preferences regarding procedures of collective decision-making. These procedures are, for example, highly dependent upon existing path dependencies defined by how each ideal type tends to draw legitimacy in front of its audience.
Gastronomie und Kulinarik
Authors: Lund-Durlacher Dagmar , Gössling Stefan , Antonschmidt Hannes , Obersteiner Gudrun , Smeral Egon , Wildenberg Martin 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Gastronomie ist einerseits ein wichtiger Abnehmer der Landwirtschaft und der Nahrungsmittelindustrie, anderseits liefert sie wichtige Serviceleistungen an Touristen (touristischer Konsum von In- und Ausländern) und die lokale Bevölkerung (privater Konsum) sowie an aus- und inländische Dienst- und Geschäftsreisende. Gerade für Touristen stellt das Speise- und Getränkeangebot ein wichtiges Element nahezu jeder Urlaubsreise dar. Für Hotel- und Gastronomiebetriebe ist es daher wichtig, ein exzellentes Speisen- und Getränkeangebot zu gestalten, das auch die für den Gast wichtigen Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte v. a. auch in Hinblick auf den Klimawandel berücksichtigt (Lund-Durlacher et al. 2016). Insgesamt bieten sich den Hotel- und Gastronomiebetrieben einige Handlungsoptionen hinsichtlich einer klimaschonenden Angebotsgestaltung, die in diesem Kapitel detailliert abgehandelt werden.
Wie Klima funktioniert und warum sich die Atmosphäre erwärmt
Authors: Wittpahl Volker 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungKlima ist im engeren Sinn definiert als das durchschnittliche Wetter bzw. als die statistische Beschreibung relevanter Größen mittels der Ermittlung von Durchschnitt und Variabilität über Zeitspannen im Bereich von Monaten, Jahren oder gar von Millionen von Jahren. Die Weltorganisation für Meteorologie (WMO)10 definiert den Zeitraum zur Mittelung einer Variable mit 30 Jahren; die wesentlichen Variablen sind Temperatur, Niederschlag und Wind. In einem weiter gefassten Sinn ist Klima der Zustand des Klimasystems einschließlich einer statistischen Beschreibung wie zum Beispiel mittlere Jahrestemperatur und -niederschlag aber auch die Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit bzw. Häufigkeit von Ereignissen wie die mittlere Dauer von Dürren, Sturmhäufigkeit und Starkniederschlagen.
Wie Industrieproduktion nachhaltig gestaltet werden kann
Authors: Wolf Stefan , Jordan Max Michael , Seifert Inessa , Evertz Marco , Korzynietz Roman 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn bereits Fortschritte hin zu einer nachhaltigeren Industrieproduktion erzielt wurden, so ist der Status quo noch weit von wirklicher Nachhaltigkeit entfernt. Um einen nachhaltigen Gleichgewichtszustand zu erreichen, muss die Emission von Treibhausgasen fossilen Ursprungs in die Atmosphäre gänzlich eingestellt werden. Dieses ist verbunden mit einer tiefgreifenden Transformation der Industrie.
Space Are Places in Which We Learn
Authors: Kvan Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe make and occupy spaces for purposeful activities. Significant investments are made in learning spaces in schools without adequate consideration of pedagogical and architectural issues. This chapter notes that it is a broad and multifaceted challenge to guide capital investments that deliver better learning outcomes in schools. It introduces the research presented in this volume and some of the underlying concepts and considerations embedded in the work of LEaRN and the projects described in following chapters.
Creating a Space for Innovative Learning: The Importance of Engaging the Users in the Design Process
Authors: Bøjer Bodil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on an empirical case study, this chapter puts forward the thesis that in order for an innovative learning environment (ILE) to work as intended, three things must be aligned: teaching (the teacher), space (the designer) and organisation (the school management). Ideally, when designing new ILEs all three factors are considered in the design process in order to ensure a common goal: creating the best space for innovative learning. In reality, this rarely happens and the users are left with a physical learning environment where the intentions do not always match educators’ expectations and established practices. To remedy this dilemma, the chapter proposes an additional activation phase in the design process after implementation—that is, the early use phase of a new build—where the intentions of the space are translated into actions, and refinements negotiated through discussions with the users through a participatory process. The purpose of this phase is to match pedagogies with spatial possibilities. The methodology used is Research through Design.
Medienberichterstattung zu Präventions- und Therapiemöglichkeiten an den Beispielen Diabetes mellitus und Depression
Authors: Reifegerste Doreen , Wiedicke Annemarie , Temmann Linn Julia 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Diabetes mellitus und Depression sind Erkrankungen mit einer steigenden Prävalenz in Deutschland. Die Bevölkerung über die entsprechenden Präventions- und Therapiemöglichkeiten zu informieren ist beispielsweise durch journalistische Medienberichterstattung möglich. Denn Untersuchungen zeigen, dass mediale Darstellungen von Präventions- und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten das Gesundheitsverhalten, aber auch die Zustimmung zu bestimmten Maßnahmen und somit die strukturelle Gesundheitsversorgung beeinflussen können.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Über die Berichterstattung deutscher Medien zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung von Diabetes mellitus und Depressionen ist bislang nur wenig bekannt. Diese Arbeit untersucht, wie diese beiden Erkrankungen in deutschen Medien dargestellt werden. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf den Präventions- und Therapieoptionen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine quantitative Inhaltsanalyse von deutschen Qualitätsmedien (Print und Online) im Zeitraum 2012–2018 durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden N = 645 Artikel analysiert, n = 219 davon zum Thema Diabetes mellitus und n = 426 zum Thema Depression.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Diabetes mellitus und Depression sind trotz ihrer hohen Prävalenz nur selten Hauptthema in der deutschen Medienberichterstattung. Über Depression wird deutlich häufiger berichtet als über Diabetes mellitus – oftmals jedoch im Zusammenhang mit Suizid oder Prominenten. Bei Diabetes mellitus differenzieren Berichte nur unzureichend zwischen den unterschiedlichen Typen. Eine medikamentöse Therapie wird bei beiden Erkrankungen häufiger erwähnt als niedrigschwellige Maßnahmen und (strukturelle) Präventionsoptionen, was sich ungünstig für Hilfesuchende auswirken kann. Um Prävention und niedrigschwellige Behandlungsformen als Lösungen in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung zu etablieren, sollten strategische Kommunikator*innen diese stärker in ihrer Pressearbeit fokussieren.
Exploration of a disrupted road network after a disaster with an online routing algorithm
Authors: Reyes-Rubiano Lorena , Voegl Jana , Rest Klaus-Dieter , Faulin Javier , Hirsch Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of supporting immediate response operations after a disaster with information about the available road network to reach certain locations. We propose an online algorithm that aims to minimize the route length required by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to explore the road accessibility of potential victim locations. It is assumed that no information about disruptions in the road network is available at the start of the exploration. The online algorithm applies two movement and three orientation strategies. Additionally, a cutting strategy is used to restrict the search space after new information about the state of single roads is obtained. We consider a road and an aerial network for the movements of the UAV, since it is not necessary to follow the route of a road any longer, if it can be marked as disrupted. In extensive numerical studies with artificial and real-world test instances, it is evaluated for different disruption levels, which combinations of movement and orientation strategies perform best. Additionally, we propose different refuelling strategies for the UAV and present how they differ in the number of refuelling operations and the required additional route length. The results show that an efficient online algorithm can save valuable exploration time.
Analyzing Liver Surface Indentation for In Vivo Refinement of Tumor Location in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Yang Yingqiao , Yung Kai-Leung , Hung Tin Wai Robert , Yu Kai-Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractManual palpation to update the position of subsurface tumor(s) is a normal practice in open surgery, but is not possible through the small incisions of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). This paper proposes a method that has the potential to use a simple constant-force indenter and the existing laparoscopic camera for tumor location refinement in MIS. The indenter floats with organ movement to generate a static surface deformation on the soft tissue, resolving problems of previous studies that require complicated measurement of force and displacement during indentation. By analyzing the deformation profile, we can intraoperatively update the tumor’s location in real-time. Indentation experiments were conducted on healthy and “diseased” porcine liver specimens to obtain the deformation surrounding the indenter site. An inverse finite element (FE) algorithm was developed to determine the optimal material parameters of the healthy liver tissue. With these parameters, a computational model of tumorous tissue was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the tumor location on the induced deformation. By relating the experimental data from the “diseased” liver specimen to the computational results, we estimated the radial distance between the tumor and the indenter, as well as the angular position of the tumor relative to the indenter.
Gendered Pathways to Integration: Why Immigrants’ Naming Practices Differ by the Child’s Gender
Authors: Gerhards Jürgen , Tuppat Julia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe analyze gender differences in immigrants’ ethnic boundary making using the example of name giving. We draw on the well-established finding that immigrants are more likely to choose a name that is common in the host country (strategy of boundary crossing) for female than for male descendants. We distinguish between two dimensions that help us to understand the gender gap in naming: the impact of origin-specific factors (institutionalization of gender equality in the country of origin and religious affiliation) and immigrants’ level of integration into the host country. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study on immigrants from 49 countries, we show that both sets of factors have a strong impact on immigrants’ boundary making in naming, as well as on the extent of the difference between daughters and sons: traditional gender role attitudes foster the gender gap in naming, whereas integration into the host country reduces it.
Benders decomposition with adaptive oracles for large scale optimization
Authors: Mazzi Nicolò , Grothey Andreas , McKinnon Ken , Sugishita Nagisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an algorithm to efficiently solve large optimization problems which exhibit a column bounded block-diagonal structure, where subproblems differ in right-hand side and cost coefficients. Similar problems are often tackled using cutting-plane algorithms, which allow for an iterative and decomposed solution of the problem. When solving subproblems is computationally expensive and the set of subproblems is large, cutting-plane algorithms may slow down severely. In this context we propose two novel adaptive oracles that yield inexact information, potentially much faster than solving the subproblem. The first adaptive oracle is used to generate inexact but valid cutting planes, and the second adaptive oracle gives a valid upper bound of the true optimal objective. These two oracles progressively “adapt” towards the true exact oracle if provided with an increasing number of exact solutions, stored throughout the iterations. These adaptive oracles are embedded within a Benders-type algorithm able to handle inexact information. We compare the Benders with adaptive oracles against a standard Benders algorithm on a stochastic investment planning problem. The proposed algorithm shows the capability to substantially reduce the computational effort to obtain an $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-optimal solution: an illustrative case is 31.9 times faster for a $$1.00\%$$

1.00
%

convergence tolerance and 15.4 times faster for a $$0.01\%$$

0.01
%

tolerance.
The measure mix matters: multiple-component plant protection is indispensable for coping with the enormous genome plasticity and mutation rates in pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Oliveira Garcia Ely , von Tiedemann Andreas , Deising Holger B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEfficient plant protection is of fundamental importance in order to warrant food security. Here, we present arguments that a coordinate approach in plant protection is urgently required, taking advantage of a broad mix of measures, including modern synthetic chemistries, capable of protecting plants from adverse organisms.
Who are the champions? Inequality, economic freedom and the Olympics
Authors: Kufenko Vadim , Geloso Vincent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDoes inequality affect outcomes? To answer, we use the microcosm of Olympic competitions by asking whether a country's level of inequality diminishes its performance. If it does, is it conditional on institutional factors? We argue that the ability of economically free societies to win medals will not be affected by inequality. In these societies, institutions generate incentives to invest in the talents of individuals at the bottom of the income distribution (potential athletes otherwise constrained in the ability to expend resources on training). These effects mitigate those of inequality. The incentives that promote investments in skills across the income distribution are weaker in unfree societies and they cannot mitigate the effects of inequality. Using the Olympics of 2016 in combination with the Economic Freedom data, we find that inequality only matters in determining medal numbers for unfree countries. We link these results to inequality and its effects on economic outcomes.
Dynamical amplification of electric polarization through nonlinear phononics in 2D SnTe
Authors: Shin Dongbin , Sato Shunsuke A. , Hübener Hannes , De Giovannini Umberto , Park Noejung , Rubio Angel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUltrafast optical control of ferroelectricity using intense terahertz fields has attracted significant interest. Here we show that the nonlinear interactions between two optical phonons in SnTe, a two-dimensional in-plane ferroelectric material, enables a dynamical amplification of the electric polarization within subpicoseconds time domain. Our first-principles time-dependent simulations show that the infrared-active out-of-plane phonon mode, pumped to nonlinear regimes, spontaneously generates in-plane motions, leading to rectified oscillations in the in-plane electric polarization. We suggest that this dynamical control of ferroelectric material, by nonlinear phonon excitation, can be utilized to achieve ultrafast control of the photovoltaic or other nonlinear optical responses.
Die Rolle der 18F-FDG-PET/CT in der Diagnostik von gonadalen und extragonadalen Keimzelltumoren des Mannes
Authors: Beyer Jörg , Cathomas Richard , Afshar-Oromieh Ali 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungGonadale Keimzelltumoren stellen zusammen mit den seltenen extragonadalen Keimzelltumoren die häufigste Krebserkrankung von Männern zwischen der Pubertät und einem Alter von etwa 40 Jahren dar. Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge wurden in klinischen Studien intensiv untersucht sowie in nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien zusammengefasst 1
2
3. Die überwiegende Mehrheit Betroffener wird heutzutage geheilt. Das junge Alter sowie die hohe Heilungsaussicht zwingen mehr noch als bei anderen Erkrankungen, unnötige Strahlenbelastung zu vermeiden. Daher bleibt der Einsatz der PET/CT bei Keimzelltumoren einigen wenigen Indikationen vorbehalten.
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure in Sinus Rhythm: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies
Authors: Nygaard Marie H. , Hvas Anne-Mette , Grove Erik L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction There is conflicting evidence on the risk–benefit ratio of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in heart failure (HF) patients without atrial fibrillation. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OAC in HF patients in sinus rhythm.
Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies, comparing OAC with antiplatelet or no treatment/placebo in patients with HF. Outcomes evaluated were stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause mortality, and major bleeding.
Results Five RCTs and three cohort studies were included. OAC was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke when compared with no treatment/placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.47, 0.94]) and antiplatelet therapy (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: [0.37, 0.81]). No significant reduction was found in MI, when OAC was compared with no treatment/placebo (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: [0.63, 1.07]) or antiplatelet therapy (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: [0.60, 1.81]). The all-cause mortality analysis showed no significant reduction when comparing OAC with no treatment/placebo (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: [0.87, 1.12]) or antiplatelet therapy (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: [0.86, 1.16]). The nonsignificant effect of OAC on all-cause mortality was supported by a meta-analysis of the three cohort studies (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: [0.75, 1.38]). Patients treated with OAC had a significantly higher risk of major bleeding than patients receiving antiplatelet therapy (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: [1.55, 3.00]) and a numerically higher risk when compared with no treatment/placebo (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: [0.87, 6.49]).
Conclusion The present study does not support the routine use of OAC in patients with HF in sinus rhythm.