bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joubert’s syndrome: a case report
Authors: Bainade Kapil S. , Kotrashetti Veeranna A. , Sonawane Vijay B. , Vatakar Amit , Bhatarkar Shuchi R. 
Published: September 2020

Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the area of the brain that controls balance and coordination. This syndrome is difficult to diagnose clinically because of its variable phenotype. Signs and symptoms commonly include hypotonia abnormal breathing patterns; abnormal eye movements; ataxia; distinctive facial features; and intellectual disability. Various other abnormalities may also be present. This condition is characterized by a specific finding on an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) called a "molar tooth sign" in which the cerebellar vermis of the brain is absent or underdeveloped and the brain stem is abnormal. The exact diagnosis is often not made for several years after birth.We present a case of Joubert syndrome in a thirteen year old male with developmental delay, ataxia, mild hypotonia, nystagmus and molar tooth sign on MRI. Awareness of the characteristic clinical and radiological findings in Joubert syndrome will help in early diagnosis, appropriate counselling and proper rehabilitation.
Maple syrup urine disease presenting as severe neonatal metabolic encephalopathy: a case report
Authors: Patil Rohini , S. Giridhar , L. Umadevi , M. Rathinasamy , J Antony 
Published: September 2020

We report a 17 day old boy, who developed progressive encephalopathy, after an apparent period of normalcy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffusion restriction in myelinated areas like, a pattern suggestive of maple syrup urine disease. Dried blood spots for tandem mass spectrometry and urine for gas chromatography mass spectrometry confirmed elevation and excretion of branched chain amino acids respectively. After peritoneal dialysis, baby improved but continued to have residual neurological deficit, in spite of MSUD-specialized diet. Molecular studies confirmed the diagnosis. This report highlights the need for early identification of these infants to optimize neurological outcomes.
O Programa de VHC da DNDi e o sistema de propriedade intelectual: uma abordagem de saúde pública para a epidemia de Hepatite C
Authors: Feres Marcos Vinício Chein , Sant Anna Leonardo da Silva , Silva Alan Rossi 
Published: September 2020

A exclusividade garantida pelos direitos de propriedade intelectual aparenta ser, paradoxalmente, ao mesmo tempo, uma das justificativas mais importantes da inovação para a indústria farmacêutica e um dos principais mecanismos de obstrução ao acesso às inovações desse setor. Consequentemente, o presente artigo visa a compreender empiricamente como o programa de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para Hepatite C, conduzido pela iniciativa Medicamentos para Doenças Negligenciadas (DNDi, sigla em inglês), se relaciona com o sistema de propriedade intelectual vigente. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi construída a partir de um estudo de caso único, holístico e descritivo sobre o tema, de acordo com as definições elaboradas por Robert Yin e com as proposições teóricas formuladas por Susan Sell. Como resultado principal dessa investigação, foi possível teorizar que, por meio da política de propriedade intelectual adotada e da priorização das necessidades de saúde pública, ambos o programa liderado pela DNDi e o próprio modelo institucional da entidade parecem funcionar como um mecanismo de contorno das estruturas e das instituições atualmente erigidas pelo sistema de propriedade intelectual.
Desarrollo motor como indicador del desarrollo infantil durante los primeros dos años de vida
Authors: Pollitt Ernesto , Caycho Tomás 
Published: September 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es fundamentar la selección del área motora en niños/as de 3 a 24 meses de edad como indicador del desarrollo integral infantil para su aplicación en estudios poblacionales. El conocimiento de las diferencias objetivas en el desarrollo infantil entre regiones, departamentos, altura sobre el nivel del mar, etc., ayudará a la identificación de algunas de las causas que explican esas diferencias, lo que se convierte en información relevante para la programación social necesaria para la prevención de esas diferencias o la atenuación de sus consecuencias a nivel poblacional.
Simplicidad en tiempos complejos: seis principios para enseñar a los talentosos
Authors: Cohen Leonora M. 
Published: September 2020

El mundo es cada vez más complejo y los métodos curriculares para los talentosos siguen la misma línea. El presente estudio propone seis reglas extraidas de las aproximaciones curriculares que revelan las mejores practicas e investigaciones en el área y que además pueden ser fácilmente comprendidas y aplicadas en todo lugar. Cuando los profesores trabajan desde un grupo de principios que sustenta su actividad, pueden adaptarlos a las necesidades de sus estudiantes y apoyar su desarrollo, independientemente del contexto. Utilizando estos principios se fortalece la enseñanza y apoya a los estudiantes talentosos, así como a todos los estudiantes. Los seis principios incluyen: a) focalizarse en un patrón único de fortalezas, b) agrupar a los estudiantes por intereses o capacidades por lo menos parte del tiempo, c) ir tan rápido y lejos como se pueda a nivel de destrezas básicas, d) enriquecer los intereses individuales, e) ofrecer mediación, consejería, mentoring y facilitación, y f) brindar herramientas para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida.
Pensamiento crítico: su relevancia para la educación en una sociedad cambiante
Authors: Almeida Leandro Da Silva , Franco Amanda Helena Rodrigues 
Published: September 2020

El volumen de información y la multiplicidad de situaciones a enfrentar diariamente exigen nuevas funciones cognitivas, particularmente combinando conocimiento, experiencia y habilidades intelectuales. El pensamiento crítico es valorado como una forma superior de razonamiento y una competencia transversal a los sistemas educativos. Se presentan algunas definiciones presentes en la literatura, describiendo las funciones cognitivas responsables por el pensamiento crítico en las situaciones de aprendizaje y de resolución de problemas. Se exponen los procedimientos más empleados en su evaluación, ilustrando con algunas pruebas y con algunos programas y planificación curricular implementados para la enseñanza y el desenvolvimiento en la clase. Finalmente, se señala la importancia de continuar haciendo estudios que busquen la convergencia de elementos teóricos y prácticos asociados a la definición de pensamiento crítico.
Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Surat Dinas melalui Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Siswa Kelas XI di MA Al-Husaini Pasanggar Pegantenan
Authors: Rofi’i Moh , Effendy Moh Hafid 
Published: September 2020

Terdapat permasalahan yang dialami siswa kelas XI di MA AL-Husaini Pasanggar Pegantenan dalam pembelajaran mnulis surat dinas. Pembelajaran kontekstual diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Berangkat dari permasalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis surat dinas melalui pendekatan kontekstual siswa kelas XI di MA AL-Husaini Pasanggar Pegantenan. Penelitian ini merupakan penilitian tindakan kelas. Lokasi penelitian adalah MA AL-Husaini Pamekasan dengan subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MA AL-Husaini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2018 dengan 2 siklus. Hasil penelitian ini adalah upaya peningkatan kemampuan menulis surat dinas siswa menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual kelas XI MA AL-Husaini Pasanggar Pegantenan semester genap tahun pelajaran 2017-2018 dapat meningkatakan proses hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis surat dinas. Peningkatan tersbut dapat diketahui dari hasil nilai rata-rata pada siklus I, yaitu 68 dan siklus II, yaitu 74, 75 dari hasil inilah guru melaksanakan II siklus ini karena dilihat dari hasil siswa yang sudah memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal.
Analisis Makna Kematian: Sebuah Perspektif Konseptual Menurut Imam Ghazali
Authors: Jannati Zhila , Hamandia Muhammad Randicha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: In fact, every living thing will surely die. Death is something that needs to be understood as something that will definitely happen so that humans can live life well so they can face death with full readiness. This study aims to understand the meaning of death according to Imam Ghazali. This research is a type of research study literature or library (library research). The data collection technique is to use documentation. The results show that (a) death is a condition when the spirit begins to separate from the body, (b) the virtue of remembering death is that it can increase human fear of Allah. so that they can continue to prepare themselves to welcome death, (c) death's sakaratul is divided into 3 phases of disaster namely the terrible pain when life is taken away, witnessing death angels that can create fear and fear in the heart for a year, and immoral practitioners who will witness the hell where they returned and they too felt very scared, and (d) the condition of humans in the grave that is alone in a dark place, filled with worms, and the conditions that humans get are in accordance with the deeds of deeds in the world.

Keywords: Death analisys, Imam al-Ghazali

Abstrak: Sejatinya, setiap yang hidup pasti akan mati. Kematian adalah sesuatu hal yang perlu dipahami sebagai sesuatu yang pasti akan terjadi agar manusia dapat menjalani kehidupan dengan baik sehingga dapat menghadapi kematian dengan penuh kesiapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami makna kematian menurut Imam Ghazali. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian studi literature atau kepustakaan (library research). Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yakni dengan menggunakan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (a) kematian merupakan suatu keadaan saat ruh mulai berpisah dari jasad, (b) keutamaan meningat kematian yakni dapat bertambahnya rasa takut manusia kepada Allah swt. sehingga dapat terus mempersiapkan diri untuk menyambut kematian, (c) sakaratul maut terbagi menjadi 3 fase bencana yakni rasa sakit yang begitu dahsyat ketika nyawa dicabut, menyaksikan malaikat maut yang dapat menciptakan rasa gentar dan takut dalam hati selama setahun, serta para pelaku maksiat yang akan menyaksikan neraka tempat mereka kembali dan merekapun sangat merasa ketakutan, serta (d) keadaan manusia dialam kubur yakni sendirian di tempat yang gelap, dipenuhi cacing, serta keadaan yang didapatkan manusia adalah sesuai dengan amal perbuatannya di dunia.

Kata kunci: Analisis kematian, Imam al-Ghazali
ПОРАЖЕНИЯ МИОКАРДА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПРИ COVID-19
Authors: Руженцова Татьяна , Хавкина Дарья , Чухляев Павел , Гарбузов Александр , Мешкова Наталья 
Published: September 2020

Резюме
Цель – оценить частоту поражений миокарда при COVID-19 и представить их особенности на клиническом примере.
Материалы и методы
Проанализированы данные историй болезней 100 пациентов в возрасте от 20 до 96 лет, находившихся на амбулаторном лечении с диагнозом коронавирусная инфекция (вирус SARS-CoV-2 идентифицирован) лёгкой (22%), средне-тяжелой (70%) и тяжёлой степени (8%, с госпитализацией при нарастании степени тяжести). Всем пациентам выполнены компьютерная томография (КТ) легких, лабораторная диагностика, ЭКГ в стандартных отведениях. Для уточнения диагноза, при наличии показаний, определяли уровень тропонина I, МВ-креатинкиназы; проводили эхокардиографическое обследование и суточное мониторирование ЭКГ. Особенности поражения миокарда представлены на клиническом примере.
Результаты
Впервые выявленные изменения на ЭКГ отмечены у 84% пациентов. Клинический пример демонстрирует поражение миокарда при COVID-19, сопровождающееся одышкой, изменениями на ЭКГ по типу очаговых интрамуральных, диффузным снижением сократимости миокарда.
Выводы
У пациентов с COVID-19 нередко регистрируются поражения миокарда, частота регистрации впервые выявленных на ЭКГ изменений, по данным проведенного анализа, составляет 84%. Изменения подтверждаются по данным ЭКГ и эхокардиографии, требуют дифференциальной диагностики с острым коронарным синдромом и острым миокардитом, наблюдения в динамике и проведения адекватной медикаментозной терапии.
METAZOAN REEF CONSTRUCTION IN A MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN SEASCAPE: A CASE STUDY FROM THE MINGAN ARCHIPELAGO, QUEBEC
Authors: PENNY AMELIA , DESROCHERS ANDRÉ , KRÖGER BJÖRN 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe Ordovician (485–444 Ma) saw a global shift from microbial- to skeletal-dominated reefs, and the rise of corals and bryozoans as important reef-builders. Hypothetically, increasingly morphologically diverse and abundant reef-building metazoans increased spatial habitat heterogeneity in reef environments, an important component of reefs' capacity to support diverse communities. Quantifying the spatial scale and extent of this heterogeneity requires three-dimensional exposures of well-preserved reefs whose composition and spatial arrangement can be measured. The Darriwilian (c. 467–458 Ma) carbonate sequence of the Mingan Archipelago, Quebec, presents such exposures, and also provides an opportunity to establish how the distribution of skeletal-dominated metazoan reefs contributed to, and was influenced by, seafloor relief. This study includes two transects through a 200–300 m wide paleo-reef belt, which developed along a rocky paleo-coast line. The reefs are typically micrite-rich, meter-scale mounds, locally forming larger complexes. Here, we present quantitative evaluations of the composition of these reefs, and detailed mapping of reef distributions. There is high compositional heterogeneity between reefs at spatial scales ranging from meters to kilometers, contributed by differences in the volumetric contribution of skeletal material to the reef core, and in the identity of the dominant reef-builders. We suggest that the abundance and morphological diversity of Middle Ordovician reef building metazoans made them important contributors to environmental and substrate heterogeneity, likely enhancing the diversity of reef-dwelling communities.
Analysis of Requirements and the Feasible Limit for Error Reduction in Two-Parameter Magnetic Determination of Steels’ Hardness
Authors: Sandomirski S. G. 
Published: September 2020

All measurements of mechanical properties of materials in the magnetic structural analysis are indirect and relationships between the measured parameters are correlated. An important physical parameter of steel is hardness. An increase in the correlation coefficient R and a reduction in the standard deviation (SD) are achieved when controlling the hardness of steels with two-parameter magnetic methods compared to methods that use a single measured parameter. However, the specific conditions and requirements for application of the two-parameter methods remain unclear. The purpose of this article was to analyze conditions and the achievable error reduction limit for two-parameter indirect determination of steels hardness and to compare those with one-parameter methods.In particular, we considered the mean Square Deviation (SD), σF , of indirect calculation of the physical quantity F using two measured parameters x1 and x2 that are correlated with F. It was found that reduction of σF is most pronounced when x1 and x2 are inversely correlated with the maximum modulus |R| of the correlation coefficient R between them. The most significant reduction in σF occurs at similar values of the SDs σ1 and σ2 between the true value of F and the values calculated based on the results of indirect measurements of F usingeach of the parameters x1 and x2 . The Results of the analysis are confirmed by an example of reduction in SD when determining the hardness of carbon steels by measuring their remanent magnetization and coercive force compared to use any one of these parameters.This result can be applied to measurements in non-destructive testing and in related fields of physics and technology. The Results of the analysis allow us to compare different parameters for indirect two-parameter determination of a physical quantity, to select the optimal parameters, and to evaluate the minimum achievable measurement error of a physical quantity by a two-parameter method before performing the measurements.
Contrast of Image of an Object Observed in Smoke Conditions using Polarizing Filtering of Radiation Scattered by Smoke Particles
Authors: Kitsak A. I. 
Published: September 2020

The aim of the work was to study the contrasts of the images of an object observed in a smoky environment, using polarizing filtering of radiation scattered by smoke particles towards the observer, and without filtering. Prospects for developing optical accessories for firefighters to improve the observation of objects in smoke were evaluated by comparing image contrasts.The goal was achieved by experimentally simulating the process of transmitting images of a blackandwhite object with a sharp black/white transition boundary through various types of smoke aerosols using polarizing filtering of radiation scattered by smoke particles, and without filtering and evaluating image contrasts.Studies of image contrasts for different optical densities of smoke in two registration schemes were performed, when the receiving optical system is located near the illumination source of the object at a distance of ≈ 150 mm from it, and when it is located at a distance from the illumination source of the object at a distance of ≈ 800 mm.It is established that the method of forming the image of the object using polarization filtering of radiation backscattering (RBS) reduces the rate of image contrast reduction with an increase in optical smoke density compared to image registration without filtering (RBS).A significant difference in the contrasts of images recorded with filtration (RBS) and in the absence of it is observed for "light" fumes (smoldering of wood, cotton) at average optical densities of smoke.The results obtained can be used in the development of optical accessories for firefighter-rescuer to improve the conditions of observation of objects in adverse conditions of vision: smoke, vaporization, fog.
Real-world Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Yoon Jee Hee , Hong A Ram , Choi Wonsuk , Park Ji Yong , Kim Hee Kyung , Kang Ho-Cheol 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide therapy as add-on to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and basal insulin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the real-world clinical practice.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 112 patients who received dulaglutide in a tertiary referral center. The primary efficacy endpoint was a change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between baseline and 6 months. The secondary endpoints were the percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% or ≤6.5% and the change of body weight at 6 months. Results: At baseline, the mean HbA1c was 8.7 % (8.8% in the add-on to OAD and 8.5% in the add-on to insulin group). The mean adjusted HbA1c at 6 months decreased by −1.13% in the overall patients (p < 0.001), and by −1.36 and −0.74% in the add-on to OAD and add-on to insulin group, respectively. A significant reduction of −2.9 kg in body weight was observed in the overall patients at 6 months (p < 0.001). Approximately 34.8% and 23.2% of patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5%, respectively. Higher baseline HbA1c and no previous insulin therapy were associated with good response to dulaglutide on multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis to evaluate the long-term efficacy of dulaglutide (n=82), the mean adjusted HbA1c decreased by −0.86% from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.001). Mild gastrointestinal issues (23.2%) were the most frequently observed adverse events.Conclusions: Dulaglutide is an effective and durable treatment option as add-on to OAD and basal insulin therapy in Korean patients with T2DM.
A Mass-Energy United Test of the Equivalence Principle
Authors: Zhan Mingsheng , Zhou Lin , He Chuan , Yan Sitong , Chen Xi , Gao Dongfeng , Duan Weitao , Ji Yuhang , Xu Rundong , Tang Biao , Zhou Chao , Barthwal Sachin , Wang Qi , Hou Zhuo , Xiong Zongyuan , Zhang Yuanzhong , Liu Min , Ni Wei-Tou , Wang Jin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The equivalence principle (EP) is one of the basic assumptions of general relativity. Almost all new theories[1] that attempt to unify gravity with the standard model[2] require the EP be broken. Experimental tests of EP provide opportunities for verification of different theoretical models and emergence of new physics. Traditional mass tests[3-9] of EP have achieved the precision of 10-15 level[3]. Tests with quantum properties including spin[10,11], superposition[12], quantum statistics[10] and internal state[4,13], have been performed, and entanglement[14] test was also proposed. Energy is another very important property and is related to mass by the mass-energy equivalence (MEE). However, mass-energy united tests of EP have never been carried out. Here, we achieve for the first time the united EP test covering energy interval from micro-eV to giga-eV by a mass and internal energy specified atom interferometer (AI). The AI was realized by taking advantage of the Four-Wave Double-diffraction Raman transition (4WDR) method[7] for specified internal energy states, and by extending 4WDR to include excited states. The Eötvös parameters of the four paired combinations (87Rb|F＝1>-85Rb|F＝2>, 87Rb|F＝2>-85Rb|F＝2>, 87Rb|F＝1>-85Rb|F＝3> and 87Rb|F＝2>-85Rb|F＝3>) were measured to be η1=(1.5±3.2)×10-10, η2=(-0.6 ±3.7)×10-10, η3=(-2.5±4.1)×10-10 and η4=(-2.7±3.6)×10-10, respectively. The violation parameters of mass and internal energy are constrained to η0 = (-0.8±1.4)×10-10 and β = (-0.6±6.9)×105. This work opens a door for united tests of EP and MEE in large energy range with quantum systems.
Chronic Liver Disease and COVID-19: A Perspective From Singapore
Authors: Kuang Jonathan , Lin Huiyu , Chew Wei Da , Ang Li Wei , Lye David , Young Barnaby , Yang Wei Lyn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic liver diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with COVID-19 progression. With no signs of the pandemic abating, thousands worldwide are at risk of a severe disease course. Objective: We aimed to describe the epidemiological features, clinical course, treatment and outcomes of our patients with COVID-19 and chronic liver disease.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of COVID-19 patients with chronic liver disease admitted to the National Centre for Infectious Diseases in Singapore between 29th February and 2nd May 2020 was performed. Results: 16 patients had chronic liver disease – 9 had NAFLD. In the NAFLD group, peak ALT was higher (median: 84 U/L vs 38 U/L; P = 0.042) and more patients had hyperlipidaemia (88.9% vs 28.6%; p=0.035), but median Body Mass Index (BMI) was not significantly higher (24.3 kg/m2 vs 24.2 kg/m2). NAFLD patients had a poorer clinical course: more required anti-viral medications (66.7% vs 0%; p=0.011), and time to negative swab was longer (24 days vs 13 days; p=0.008). 3 patients had liver cirrhosis (all non-NAFLD). 1 decompensated but none required intensive care unit admission or died.Conclusion: Our results show that in COVID-19 patients with chronic liver disease, those with NAFLD experience a more severe clinical course. In Asians, NAFLD can have poorer prognostic implications, despite them having only mildly raised BMI. We advocate that patients with NAFLD and liver cirrhosis should be closely monitored for COVID-19 disease progression.