bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse pressure variability is associated with unfavorable outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Katsanos A. H. , Alexandrov A. V. , Mandava P. , Köhrmann M. , Soinne L. , Barreto A. D. , Sharma V. K. , Mikulik R. , Muir K. W. , Rothlisberger T. , Grotta J. C. , Levi C. R. , Molina C. A. , Saqqur M. , Palaiodimou L. , Psaltopoulou T. , Vosko M. R. , Moreira T. , Fiebach J. B. , Rubiera M. , Sandset E. C. , de Havenon A. , Kent T. A. , Alexandrov A. W. , Schellinger P. D. , Tsivgoulis G. ,   for the CLOTBUST‐ER Trial Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeBlood pressure (BP) variability has been associated with worse neurological outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving treatment with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). However, no study to date has investigated whether pulse pressure (PP) variability may be a superior indicator of the total cardiovascular risk, as measured by clinical outcomes.MethodsPulse pressure variability was calculated from 24‐h PP measurements following tissue plasminogen activator bolus in AIS patients enrolled in the Combined Lysis of Thrombus using Ultrasound and Systemic Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Emergent Revascularization (CLOTBUST‐ER) trial. The outcomes of interest were the pre‐specified efficacy and safety end‐points of CLOTBUST‐ER. All associations were adjusted for potential confounders in multivariable regression models.ResultsData from 674 participants was analyzed. PP variability was identified as the BP parameter with the most parsimonious fit in multivariable models of all outcomes, and was independently associated (P < 0.001) with lower likelihood of both 24‐h neurological improvement and 90‐day independent functional outcome. PP variability was also independently related to increased odds of any intracranial bleeding (P = 0.011) and 90‐day mortality (P < 0.001). Every 5‐mmHg increase in the 24‐h PP variability was independently associated with a 36% decrease in the likelihood of 90‐day independent functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.80) and a 60% increase in the odds of 90‐day mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.23–2.07). PP variability was not associated with symptomatic intracranial bleeding at either 24 or 36 h after IVT administration.ConclusionsIncreased PP variability appears to be independently associated with adverse short‐term and long‐term functional outcomes of AIS patients treated with IVT.
Increased greenhouse gas emissions intensity of major croplands in China: Implications for food security and climate change mitigation
Authors: Zhang Jingting , Tian Hanqin , Shi Hao , Zhang Jingfang , Wang Xiaoke , Pan Shufen , Yang Jia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBalancing crop production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture soil requires a better understanding and quantification of crop GHG emissions intensity, a measure of GHG emissions per unit crop production. Here we conduct a state‐of‐the‐art estimate of the spatial‐temporal variability of GHG emissions intensities for wheat, maize, and rice in China from 1949 to 2012 using an improved agricultural ecosystem model (Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model‐Agriculture Version 2.0) and meta‐analysis covering 172 field‐GHG emissions experiments. The results show that the GHG emissions intensities of these croplands from 1949 to 2012, on average, were 0.10–1.31 kg CO2‐eq/kg, with a significant increase rate of 1.84–3.58 × 10–3 kg CO2‐eq kg−1 year−1. Nitrogen fertilizer was the dominant factor contributing to the increase in GHG emissions intensity in northern China and increased its impact in southern China in the 2000s. Increasing GHG emissions intensity implies that excessive fertilizer failed to markedly stimulate crop yield increase in China but still exacerbated soil GHG emissions. This study found that overfertilization of more than 60% was mainly located in the winter wheat–summer maize rotation systems in the North China Plain, the winter wheat–rice rotation systems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and southwest China, and most of the double rice systems in the South. Our simulations suggest that roughly a one‐third reduction in the current N fertilizer application level over these “overfertilization” regions would not significantly influence crop yield but decrease soil GHG emissions by 29.60%–32.50% and GHG emissions intensity by 0.13–0.25 kg CO2‐eq/kg. This reduction is about 29% and 5% of total agricultural soil GHG emissions in China and the world, respectively. This study suggests that improving nitrogen use efficiency would be an effective strategy to mitigate GHG emissions and sustain China's food security.
21st‐century biogeochemical modeling: Challenges for Century‐based models and where do we go from here?
Authors: Berardi Danielle , Brzostek Edward , Blanc‐Betes Elena , Davison Brian , DeLucia Evan H. , Hartman Melannie D. , Kent Jeffrey , Parton William J. , Saha Debasish , Hudiburg Tara W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract21st‐century modeling of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from bioenergy crops is necessary to quantify the extent to which bioenergy production can mitigate climate change. For over 30 years, the Century‐based biogeochemical models have provided the preeminent framework for belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in ecosystem and earth system models. While monthly Century and the daily time‐step version of Century (DayCent) have advanced our ability to predict the sustainability of bioenergy crop production, new advances in feedstock generation, and our empirical understanding of sources and sinks of GHGs in soils call for a re‐visitation of DayCent's core model structures. Here, we evaluate current challenges with modeling soil carbon dynamics, trace gas fluxes, and drought and age‐related impacts on bioenergy crop productivity. We propose coupling a microbial process‐based soil organic carbon and nitrogen model with DayCent to improve soil carbon dynamics. We describe recent improvements to DayCent for simulating unique plant structural and physiological attributes of perennial bioenergy grasses. Finally, we propose a method for using machine learning to identify key parameters for simulating N2O emissions. Our efforts are focused on meeting the needs for modeling bioenergy crops; however, many updates reviewed and suggested to DayCent will be broadly applicable to other systems.
STAGING FAILURE? BERTA LASK'S THOMAS MÜNZER (1925) AND THE 400TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GERMAN PEASANTS’ WAR
Authors: Smale Catherine 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines Berta Lask's drama Thomas Münzer (1925), which was commissioned by the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and staged in Eisleben to mark the 400th anniversary of the German Peasants’ War (1524–5) and the execution of Thomas Müntzer. Drawing on cultural memory theory and reading the play as a multi‐layered lieu de mémoire, it argues that Lask attempts to recuperate the revolutionary potential of the failed Peasants’ War and harness it to the agenda of the KPD of the 1920s. The article begins by situating Lask's play in a tradition of leftist writing about the Peasants’ War dating back to the mid‐nineteenth century. It then considers the ways in which Lask uses historical analogy to create connections between the sixteenth‐century uprising and events in post‐World War I German political history. Finally, the article explores the techniques used by Lask to create a sense of revolutionary community among her actors and audience.
ANNIVERSARIES, THE PUBLIC, AND ACADEMIA
Authors: Williams Seán M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnniversaries have been much problematised in scholarship, not least in the present special number. But pragmatically, they are also a tried‐and‐tested way of engaging with diverse publics. In contemporary British Higher Education, such work is incentivised through the impact agenda of the Research Excellence Framework. The following contribution brings together three British‐based colleagues in German Studies, who each reflect on their own practical experiences of capitalising on anniversaries. Henrike Lähnemann discusses commemorative activities and events 500 years after the Reformation, in which she uses translating, printing, and singing as historic impact‐style activities to engage audiences in Oxford and beyond. Seán Williams turns to mainstream media, arguing that anniversaries are a useful hook for bringing German Studies content to wider audiences – even if the commemorative occasions seem, on the face of it, less relevant to those of us working in increasingly marginal disciplines in Great Britain. Stefan Manz is concerned with remembering the forgotten ‘collateral’ victims of the First World War during the centenary, particularly those Germans who were interned in camps throughout the British Empire. Manz shows that it is possible to connect the stories of the marginalised to large‐scale anniversaries in order to challenge dominant narratives. Here, as in all cases, the key to success is cross‐sector collaboration and adaptation to non‐academic needs and contexts.
Primary intra‐abdominal melanoma arising in association with extracutaneous blue naevus: a report of two cases
Authors: Shah Kabeer , Folpe Andrew L , Miller Michael , Morgan Jeffrey A , Raut Chandrajit P , Doyle Leona A 
Published: July 2020

AimsBlue naevi are uncommon dermal melanocytic neoplasms characterised by GNAQ/GNA11 mutations, which very rarely progress to melanoma. Such melanomas also often have BAP1 mutations, and lack genetic events associated with conventional melanoma. Exceptionally, blue naevi arise in extracutaneous locations; one melanoma arising in this setting has been reported. We report the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic features of two cases of melanoma arising in extracutaneous blue naevus.Methods and resultsBoth arose in males, aged 25 and 63 years, with no history of other melanocytic lesions, and presented as large, painful intra‐abdominal masses. The tumours were dark‐brown/black, multilobulated, involved small intestinal mesentery and consisted of a predominantly fascicular and spindled, but occasionally nested and epithelioid, proliferation of variably pigmented, relatively monotonous cells with pale cytoplasm and ovoid nuclei with mild to moderate atypia. Mitotic activity was variable but generally low. Both cases showed areas of conventional and cellular blue naevus. Recurrent tumour in one case showed predominantly epithelioid morphology and greater cytological atypia and mitotic activity. One case expressed Melan‐A, SOX10 and CD117, with absent expression of S100 protein and DOG1; the other expressed Melan‐A, HMB45 and S100 protein. Next‐generation sequencing identified GNAQ and BAP1 mutations in one case and GNA11 mutation in the other. Both patients developed widespread metastatic disease.ConclusionExceptionally rare, aggressive melanomas arising in extracutaneous blue naevi should be distinguished from metastatic melanoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumour and malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumour, especially given the significant therapeutic and prognostic differences between these different entities.
Design of a novel low vision questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life and independence
Authors: Almpanidou Stavroula , Almaliotis Diamantis , Labiris Georgios , Topouzis Fotis , Dardavesi Theodoros , Karampatakis Vasileios 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo develop a novel vision‐ related quality‐ of‐ life questionnaire for patients with low vision.MethodsThe content for questionnaire items was determined through personal interview with patients facing various ocular diseases (aAge‐ rRelated mMacular dDegeneration, dDiabetic rRetinopathy, etc.) and with bBest cCorrected vVisual aAcuity (BCVA) ranging from light perception to 0.2 logMAR. Patients were asked to define the most important activities in their everyday lives and difficulties due to their visual impairment. Analysis following interview identified groups of items which formed the questionnaire's scales and subscales that were evaluated for internal consistency. All eligible persons had to be 18 years or older and cognitively able to give informed consent for participation.ResultsFifty patients with a mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 54.6 (29.9) years were studied. Items that were internally inconsistent, unreliable or not relevant were excluded, resulting in the 50‐item quality‐ of‐ life and independence assessment questionnaire. Items were distributed into 7 different functional visual domains: mobility under various luminance conditions, self‐care, shopping, communication, social life, technology and education–‐work life. There were no significant differences among patients regarding their general health (p = 0.444). The questionnaire was proved to have a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.8). The average score of patients with low vision was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the average score of those with BCVA > 0.5 logMAR and significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those with BCVA < 1.3 logMAR.ConclusionsThere is preliminary evidence that questionnaire has good internal consistency (alpha > 0.8, n = 50). Results also suggest that the questionnaire seems to be sensitive to subgroup differences by measuring the vision‐ related quality of life and independence. The instrument is going to be further refined following this pilot study.
The prevalence of despair in intractable conflicts: Direct messages of hope and despair affect leftists, but not rightists
Authors: Cohen‐Chen Smadar , Lang Ofir , Ran Shira , Halperin Eran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn contexts of long‐term conflict, it often seems easier to spread despair than to instill hope. The prevalence of despair, an emotion that promotes apathy, in contexts that so desperately need hope, an emotion that promotes conciliation, calls for further investigation. One possibility is that messages of hope and despair have different effects on people based on their political ideology. In the present research we examined the effect of direct despair‐ and hope‐inducing messages (compared to a control condition involving a neutral message) on participants' experience of hope for peace, their sense of urgency to resolve the conflict, and subsequently their support for concession‐making as a function of political orientation. Two samples of Jewish‐Israelis were collected. Study 1 was collected using snowball methods, while Study 2 replicated and enhanced findings with a more representative sample of Jewish‐Israeli society collected using an online survey platform. In both studies, messages of hope or despair yielded no influence on Rightists, whose baseline of hope is inherently low. However, for Leftists (experiencing higher levels of hope for peace) the despair manipulation significantly decreased support for concession‐making through decreased hope for peace and sense of urgency to resolve the conflict, providing an explanation to the prevalence of despair over hope in conflict.
Exploring the thinking, reasoning and clinical approach of expert child psychiatric nurses
Authors: Delaney Kathleen R. , McIntosh Diana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundExpert nurses are characterized by their deep knowledge of patient situations and understanding of patients in the context of their total situation. We know of no studies that have focused on the expert practice of child/adolescent (C/A) psychiatric mental health (PMH) advanced practice nurse.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to gather information on how expert C/A advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APPNs) view their role and assess/treat children and adolescents with complex mental health issues.MethodExpert C/A APPNs were interviewed by one of the two investigators using a semi‐structured interview guide. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. This was a qualitative descriptive study and in line with that method, interview content was open‐coded and examined for themes that were collapsed into categories.ResultsFifteen C/A PMH APPNs were interviewed. Initial categories that were distilled included descriptions of their commitment to the population, development of families as partners, an expanded approach to medication management, and how they demonstrate expertise.ConclusionExpert nurses adopt an invaluable approach to children and families—inherently patient and family‐centered. They view the child/teen in terms of the multiple contexts of their lives.
A murine cellular model of necroinflammation displays RAGE‐dependent cytokine induction that connects to hepatoma cell injury
Authors: Bachmann Malte , Lamprecht Laura , Gonther Sina , Pfeilschifter Josef , Mühl Heiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnresolved inflammation maintained by release of danger‐associated molecular patterns, particularly high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1), is crucial for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis. To further characterize interactions between leucocytes and necrotic cancerous tissue, a cellular model of necroinflammation was studied in which murine Raw 264.7 macrophages or primary splenocytes were exposed to necrotic lysates (N‐lys) of murine hepatoma cells or primary hepatocytes. In comparison to those derived from primary hepatocytes, N‐lys from hepatoma cells were highly active—inducing in macrophages efficient expression of inflammatory cytokines like C‐X‐C motif ligand‐2 , tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐23‐p19. This activity associated with higher levels of HMGB1 in hepatoma cells and was curbed by pharmacological blockage of the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE)/HMGB1 axis or the mitogen‐activated protein kinases ERK1/2 pathway. Analysis of murine splenocytes furthermore demonstrated that N‐lys did not comprise of functionally relevant amounts of TLR4 agonists. Finally, N‐lys derived from hepatoma cells supported inflammatory splenic Th17 and Th1 polarization as detected by IL‐17, IL‐22 or interferon‐γ production. Altogether, a straightforward applicable model was established which allows for biochemical characterization of immunoregulation by HCC necrosis in cell culture. Data presented indicate a remarkably inflammatory capacity of necrotic hepatoma cells that, at least partly, depends on the RAGE/HMGB1 axis and may shape immunological properties of the HCC microenvironment.
Parent Work‐to‐Family Conflict and Child Psychological Well‐Being: Moderating Role of Grandparent Coresidence
Authors: Mustillo Sarah , Li Miao , Wang Weidong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how grandparental coresidence influences the daily crossover of parent work‐to‐family conflict (WTFC) to child psychological well‐being.BackgroundA small but growing literature reports high levels of daily fluctuations in WTFC and its health implications for individuals, but little is known about the intergenerational crossover of WTFC in the context of multigenerational living.MethodUsing propensity score methods, we matched 129 three‐generation households with 133 two‐generation households in Zhengzhou, China based on multiple characteristics, including family member demographics, family socioeconomic status, migration status, and potential need for parenting assistance. Participants completed a daily questionnaire for 15 consecutive days. Fixed effects models estimate the association between parent WTFC and child next‐day negative affect on the two‐generation and three‐generation households, separately. Post‐estimation Wald tests for the predicted marginal effects across subgroups were performed to test whether the coefficients for parental WTFC were significantly different across groups.ResultsWe found substantial daily fluctuations in parent WTFC. After adjusting for parent daily mood, hostile parenting, parent/child physical symptoms, and parent/child previous night sleep deficiency, parent daily WTFC was positively associated with child next‐day negative affect, but only among two‐generation families.ConclusionCoresiding grandparent(s) could be an important source of social support that buffers the negative crossover of parent WTFC. Future studies are needed to identify mechanisms through which coresiding grandparent(s) help mitigate the intergenerational crossover of WTFC.
Using School Climate to Improve Attendance and Grades: Understanding the Importance of School Satisfaction Among Middle and High School Students
Authors: Daily Shay M. , Smith Megan L. , Lilly Christa L. , Davidov Danielle M. , Mann Michael J. , Kristjansson Alfgeir L. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDStudents with chronic absences tend to struggle academically and may not benefit fully from all school has to offer. A positive school climate has been shown to reduce absenteeism and promote academic success. In this study, we explored how a positive school climate and high satisfaction with school may influence absences and academic performance.METHODSWe used mediated path analysis to describe relationships involving school climate, school satisfaction, absences, and grades among 6839 middle school (49% female, 82% white) and 7470 high school (51% female, 85.0% white) students from 26 West Virginia schools.RESULTSIn the middle and high school samples, we found that a positive school climate and high satisfaction with school reduces school absenteeism. Findings also suggest students with more absences tend to perform less well academically; a positive school climate and school satisfaction may promote good grades.CONCLUSIONSMissing a substantial amount of school days for any reason may hinder students academic success, but “skipping” may require added attention. Improving school climate and student satisfaction with school may contribute to better attendance and grades.
Cost‐Effectiveness of 2 Support Models for a Healthy School Initiative*
Authors: Finster Matthew P. , Feldman Jill 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn school year (SY) 2014‐2015, 128 schools in 24 districts and 14 states were randomly assigned to receive either onsite or online support to implement a school‐based wellness program. The objective of this study was to assess the cost‐effectiveness (CE) of the 2 models of implementation support: onsite and online.METHODSWe adapted the “ingredients method” for the CE analysis. Using expenditure data, we tabulated the costs of relevant expense categories and allocated the appropriate proportion to determine the total costs of providing each type of support for 4 years (SY 2014‐2015 through SY 2017‐2018). We divided the average cost per school by the average change in school wellness policies and practices, using assessment data provided by the program provider, to calculate a CE ratio for schools in each group.RESULTSFindings indicate that when the program is implemented as intended, online support is, on average, approximately 1.3 times more cost‐effective than onsite support at the end of 4 years.CONCLUSIONSBy demonstrating the relative CE of 2 approaches to supporting the implementation of a school health program, this study provides further insight on more efficient interventions for improving overall school wellness.