bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitinispirillaceae
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Chi.ti.ni.spi.ril.la.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Chitinispirillum
, a bacterial genus; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Chitinispirillaceae
, the family of the genus
Chitinispirillum
.

Fibrobacterota / Chitinispirillia / Chitinispirillales / Chitinispirillaceae

The family
Chitinispirillaceae
includes obligately anaerobic, moderately salt‐tolerant, and obligately alkaliphilic bacteria living in soda lakes. They use chitin as the only substrate, fermenting its monomer
N
‐acetylglucosamine to H
2
and a mixture of organic acids and alcohols. The family consists of a single genus and species,
Chitinispirillum alkaliphilum
.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 46.0 (genome).

Type genus
:
Chitinispirillum
Sorokin et al. 2016, VL170.
Chitinivibrionaceae
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Chi.ti.ni.vi.bri.o.na.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Chitinivibrio
a bacterial genus; ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Chitinivibrionaceae
, the family of
Chitinivibrio
.

Fibrobacterota / Chitinivibrionia / Chitinivibrionales / Chitinivibrionaceae

The family
Chitinivibrionaceae
incorporates obligately anaerobic, highly salt‐tolerant alkaliphilic bacteria living in hypersaline soda lakes. They use chitin as the only substrate fermenting its monomer to H
2
and mixture of organic acids and alcohols. The family consists of a single genus and species,
Chitinivibrio alkaliphilus
.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 46.0 (genome).

Type genus
:
Chitinivibrio
Sorokin et al. 2014, VL160.
Singulisphaera
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Kulichevskaya Irina S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Sin.gu.li.sphae'ra. L. masc. pl. adj.
singuli
single, separate; L. fem. n.
sphaera
sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Singulisphaera
a single spherical cell.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Isosphaerales / Isosphaeraceae / Singulisphaera

The genus
Singulisphaera
is represented by stalk‐free planctomycetes with spherical cells, which occur singly, in pairs, short chains, or in shapeless aggregates. Cells are covered with crateriform structures, which are scattered over the whole cell surface. Cell division occurs by means of budding; daughter cells are nonmotile. Attach to surfaces by means of amorphous holdfast material. Members of the genus are mesophilic and moderately acidophilic, chemoorganotrophic aerobes, which are also capable of growth in microaerobic conditions. Most sugars and
N
‐acetylglucosamine are the preferred growth substrates, but good growth occurs also on media with various biopolymers. This genus is a member of the phylum
Planctomycetes
, order
Isosphaerales
, family
Isosphaeraceae
. Representatives of this genus are common inhabitants of soils and wetlands.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 59.9–63.0 (
T
m
and genome sequence).

Type species
:
Singulisphaera acidiphila
Kulichevskaya et al. 2008
VP
.
Thermogemmatispora
Authors: Yabe Shuhei , Yokota Akira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Ther.mo.gem.ma.ti.spo'ra. Gr. masc. adj.
thermos
hot; L. masc. adj.
gemmatus
provided with buds; Gr. fem. n.
spora
a seed and, in biology, a spore; N.L. fem. n.
Thermogemmatispora
thermophilic budding‐spored organism.

Chloroflexi / Ktedonobacteria / Thermogemmatisporales / Thermogemmatisporaceae / Thermogemmatispora

Members of the genus
Thermogemmatispora
are Gram‐positive, thermophilic, aerobic, cellulolytic, heterotrophic bacteria that produce branched vegetative and aerial mycelia. Spores are formed in a cluster by budding. The spores are oval, with a rough surface. Spores are not motile. Growth occurs at 40–78°C (optimum 55–65°C). The major fatty acids include iso‐C
17:0
, iso‐C
19:0
, and 12,17‐dimethyl C
18:0
. The major menaquinone is MK‐9(H
2
). The cell wall contains
d
‐glutamic acid, glycine,
l
‐serine,
l
‐alanine,
d
‐alanine, β‐alanine, and
l
‐ornithine as peptidoglycan amino acids. The polar lipid pattern always includes phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The cell‐wall sugar is mannose. Members of the genus were isolated from leaves, soil, and microbial biofilms in geothermally heated areas.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.1–63.1.

Type species:
Thermogemmatispora onikobensis
Yabe et al. 2011.
Longimicrobium
Authors: Pascual Javier , Genilloud Olga 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Lon.gi.mi.cro'bi.um. L. masc. adj.
longus
long; N.L. neut. n.
microbium
microbe; N.L. neut. n.
Longimicrobium
long microbe, referring to the capacity of the type species to form very long rods.

Gemmatimonadetes / Longimicrobia / Longimicrobiales / Longimicrobiaceae / Longimicrobium

The genus
Longimicrobium
accommodates Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, nonmotile, short to long rod‐shaped bacteria. Cells divide by binary fission. Aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs with optimal growth under normal atmospheric conditions. Also able to grow under micro‐oxic atmospheres, but not under anoxic conditions. Unable to reduce nitrate and ferment glucose. Cells store inorganic phosphorus as intracellular polyphosphate granules. Mesophilic, neutrophilic or slightly alkaliphilic, and non‐halophilic bacteria. Positive for catalase and cytochrome‐
c
oxidase. Slow‐growing bacteria able to grow at low nutrient concentrations. Major fatty acids include iso‐C
17:1
ω9
c
, summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH), C
16:0
, and iso‐C
17:0
. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified glycolipids, and three phospholipids. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK‐8. The diagnostic diamino acid is meso‐diaminopimelic acid. Members of the class
Longimicrobia
(formerly group 3), order
Longimicrobiales
and family
Longimicrobiaceae
. The type strain,
Longimicrobium terrae,
was isolated from a Mediterranean forest soil sampled in the Sierra de Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Natural Park, Spain. It represents the only cultured representative of the class
Longimicrobia
to date. Other not‐yet‐cultured representatives of the genus occur in soils, including rhizosphere soils, as well as endophytes and in desert hypoliths.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
67.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Longimicrobium terrae
Pascual et al. 2016
VP
.
Caldilinea
Authors: Sekiguchi Yuji , Hanada Satoshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Cal.di.li'ne.a. L. masc. adj.
caldus
hot; L. fem. n.
linea
line; N.L. fem. n.
Caldilinea
line‐shaped living in a hot environment.

Chloroflexi / Caldilineae / Caldilineales / Caldilineaceae / Caldilinea

Cells of members of the genus
Caldiniea
are nonmotile, stain Gram‐negative, and form multicellular filaments; those filaments are longer than 100 μm in length and 0.4–0.8 μm in width. Spore formation is not observed under any culture conditions. They are thermophilic, neutrophilic, and facultatively anaerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs. Photosynthetic growth is not observed. Yeast extract is required for growth. In the presence of yeast extract, carbohydrates, and proteinaceous carbon sources are utilized as energy and carbon sources. Nitrate, fumarate, sulfate, sulfite, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfate are not utilized as electron acceptors. Known habitats include hot spring sulfur‐turf and a deep hot aquifer.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.0–61.9 (HPLC) (58.8% for
C. aerophila
).

Type species
:
Caldilinea aerophila
Sekiguchi et al. 2003.
Minwuia
Authors: Sun Cong , Xu Xue‐Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Min.wu'i.a. N.L. fem. n.
Minwuia
named in honour of Professor Min Wu on the occasion of his 60
th
birthday.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Minwuiales / Minwuiaceae / Minwuia

The genus
Minwuia
so far accommodates a single species of neutrophilic and chemotrophic bacteria. Colonies are 0.5–1.0 mm in diameter, smooth, circular, convex, and translucent after 3 days of incubation on marine agar 2216 at 37°C. Colonies with incubation times up to 1 month do not increase in size or elevation but become opaque. A key to successful isolation of
Minwuia
strains to date has been the long incubation at low temperatures. Cells of this genus are Gram‐stain‐negative rods, strictly aerobic, nonmotile, and do not form spores. The major distinctive feature of the cells is their bipolar appearance showing lower electron density at the cell poles. Optimal growth occurs at relatively high temperatures (>37°C) at pH 6.5–7.5, and cells cannot grow without NaCl. Catalase‐negative and oxidase‐positive. Bacteriochlorophyll
a
is absent. The major isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone‐10. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
3‐OH, C
19:0
cyclo ω9
c
, C
18:1
3‐OH, and summed feature 8 (C
18:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18:1
ω6
c
). The existence of C
16:0
3‐OH and C
18:1
3‐OH as major fatty acids distinguishes
Minwuia
from related genera. The main polar lipid is phosphatidylglycerol.
Minwuia
constitute a deep lineage separated from other genera of
Alphaproteobacteria,
with high bootstrap values in both 16S rRNA and genome‐based phylogenetic trees. Known habitat is seawater.
Minwuia
strains may function as part of nonphototrophic biocathode communities.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67–68 (Genome).

Type species
:
Minwuia thermotolerans
Sun et al. 2018, 3859
VP
.
Chitinispirillales
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Chi.ti.ni.spi.ril.la'les. N.L. neut. n.
Chitinispirillum
, a bacterial genus; ‐
ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Chitinispirillales
, the order whose nomenclatural type is the genus
Chitinispirillum
.

Fibrobacterota / Chitinispirillia / Chitinispirillales

Type genus
:
Chitinispirillum
Sorokin et al. 2016, VL170.
Dynamic Click Hydrogels for Xeno‐Free Culture of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Arkenberg Matthew R. , Dimmitt Nathan H. , Johnson Hunter C. , Koehler Karl R. , Lin Chien‐Chi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractXeno‐free, chemically defined poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogels are being increasingly used for in vitro culture and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). These synthetic matrices provide tunable gelation and adaptable material properties crucial for guiding stem cell fate. Here, sequential norbornene‐click chemistries are integrated to form synthetic, dynamically tunable PEG–peptide hydrogels for hiPSCs culture and differentiation. Specifically, hiPSCs are photoencapsulated in thiol–norbornene hydrogels crosslinked by multiarm PEG–norbornene (PEG–NB) and proteaselabile crosslinkers. These matrices are used to evaluate hiPSC growth under the influence of extracellular matrix properties. Tetrazine–norbornene (Tz–NB) click reaction is then employed to dynamically stiffen the cell‐laden hydrogels. Fast reactive Tz and its stable derivative methyltetrazine (mTz) are tethered to multiarm PEG, yielding mono‐functionalized PEG‐Tz, PEG‐mTz, and dualfunctionalized PEG‐Tz/mTz that react with PEG–NB to form additional crosslinks in the cell‐laden hydrogels. The versatility of Tz‐NB stiffening is demonstrated with different Tz‐modified macromers or by intermittent incubation of PEG‐Tz for temporal stiffening. Finally, the Tz–NB‐mediated dynamic stiffening is explored for 4D culture and definitive endoderm differentiation of hiPSCs. Overall, this dynamic hydrogel platform affords exquisite controls of hydrogel crosslinking for serving as a xeno‐free and dynamic stem cell niche.
Particulate Anion Sorbents as Electrolyte Additives for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shen Li , Wu Hao Bin , Liu Fang , Shen Jianqiang , Mo Runwei , Chen Gen , Tan Guoqiang , Chen Juner , Kong Xueqian , Lu Xing , Peng Yiting , Zhu Jian , Wang Ge , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe performance of lithium batteries is heavily governed by the transport of ions within the electrolytes. Commercial liquid electrolytes, however, generally exhibit a low lithium‐ion transference number, causing concentration polarization, side reactions, and deteriorated battery performance. Herein, a novel class of electrolyte additives based on particles of metal–organic framework is proposed to immobilize the anions while allowing efficient transport of lithium ions in the electrolytes. The use of such additives effectively increases the lithium‐ion transference number, enhances the rate capability, and prolongs the cycling life, which provides a facile yet effective strategy toward lithium batteries with dramatically improved performances.
Coupling Nanostructured Microchips with Covalent Chemistry Enables Purification of Sarcoma‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Downstream Functional Studies
Authors: Dong Jiantong , Zhang Ryan Y. , Sun Na , Hu Junhui , Smalley Matthew D. , Zhou Anqi , Hua Yue , Rothermich Winston , Chen Mengxiang , Chen Jiayuan , Ye Jinglei , Teng Pai‐Chi , Qi Dongping , Toretsky Jeffrey A. , Tomlinson James S. , Li Mengyuan , Weiss Paul S. , Jonas Steven J. , Federman Noah , Wu Lily , Zhao Meiping , Tseng Hsian‐Rong , Zhu Yazhen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in intercellular communication during tumor growth and metastatic evolution. Currently, little is known about the possible roles of tumor‐derived EVs in sarcoma because the lack of specific surface markers makes it technically challenging to purify sarcoma‐derived EVs. In this study, a specific purification system is developed for Ewing sarcoma (ES)‐derived EVs by coupling covalent chemistry‐mediated EV capture/release within a nanostructure‐embedded microchip. The purification platform—ES‐EV Click Chip—takes advantage of specific anti‐LINGO‐1 recognition and sensitive click chemistry‐mediated EV capture, followed by disulfide cleavage‐driven EV release. Since the device is capable of specific and efficient purification of intact ES EVs with high purity, ES‐EV Click Chip is ideal for conducting downstream functional studies of ES EVs. Absolute quantification of the molecular hallmark of ES (i.e., EWS rearrangements) using reverse transcription Droplet Digital PCR enables specific quantification of ES EVs. The purified ES EVs can be internalized by recipient cells and transfer their mRNA cargoes, exhibiting their biological intactness and potential role as biological shuttles in intercellular communication.
Spectrum Tailored Defective 2D Semiconductor Nanosheets Aerogel for Full‐Spectrum‐Driven Photothermal Water Evaporation and Photochemical Degradation
Authors: Yang Min‐Quan , Tan Chuan Fu , Lu Wanheng , Zeng Kaiyang , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe wide spectral range of the solar flux with undesirable diffused energy distribution remains a substantial impediment to the high‐efficiency utilization of the whole spectrum. Here, inspired by the spectrally selective sunlight utilization of plants, a spectrum‐tailored solar harnessing aerogel is conceived. It is composed of oxygen vacancy (Ov) defect‐rich semiconductor HNb3O8 (D‐HNb3O8) nanosheets and polyacrylamide (PAM) framework to perform all‐in‐one photochemical and photothermal full solar energy conversion. The aerogel selectively utilizes the whole solar spectrum, in which high energy ultraviolet (UV) photon is converted into high redox potential electron–hole pairs, while low energy visible‐near infrared (NIR) photons are transformed into heat. The designed solar absorber‐polymer composite shows energy harnessing‐conversion capability with desired heat insulation, reactant enrichment, rapid mass diffusion and capillary pumping characteristics, thus realizing a high efficient steam generation and photochemical activity. This cooperative photochemical and photothermal solar energy conversion, at respective optimal working spectrum, holds great promise for optimizing and maximizing the solar energy utilization, as well as opening up opportunities to explore simultaneous multifunctional usage of solar energy.
Challenges and Strategies to Advance High‐Energy Nickel‐Rich Layered Lithium Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes for Harsh Operation
Authors: Xu Gui‐Liang , Liu Xiang , Daali Amine , Amine Rachid , Chen Zonghai , Amine Khalil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNickel‐rich layered lithium transition metal oxides (LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 and LiNi1−x−yCoxAlyO2, x + y ≤ 0.2) are the most attractive cathode materials for the next generation lithium‐ion batteries for automotive application. However, they suffer from structural/interfacial instability during repeated charge/discharge, resulting in severe performance degradation and serious safety concerns. This work provides a comprehensive review about challenges and strategies to advance nickel‐rich layered cathodes specifically for harsh (high‐voltage, high‐temperature, and fast charging) operations. Firstly, the degradation pathways of nickel‐rich cathodes including surface/interface degradation, undesired cathode–electrolytes parasitic reactions, gas evolution, inter/intragranular cracking, and electrical/ionic isolation are discussed. Then, recent achievements in stabilizing the structure/interface of nickel‐rich cathodes via surface coating, cation/anion doping, composition tailoring, morphology engineering, and electrolytes optimization are summarized. Moreover, challenges and strategies to improve the performance of Ni‐rich cathodes at the electrode level are discussed. Outlook and perspectives to promote the practical application of nickel‐rich layered cathodes toward automotive application are provided as well.
High‐Power‐Efficiency White Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Diodes Based on Selectively Optimized Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Zhang Jing , Han Chunmiao , Du Fengsheng , Duan Chunbo , Wei Ying , Xu Hui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBesides low cost and environmental sustainability, high power efficiency is an essential condition for daily lighting applications, and one of main challenges for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLED). Here, it is demonstrated that power efficiency can be improved through accurately modulating intermolecular interactions. An asymmetrical phosphine oxide (PO) molecule named 246DBFTPO is constructed, in which the steric hindrance and inductive effect of PO groups restrain π–π stacking but form continuous intermolecular hydrogen bond networks. The steric anisotropy of PO groups leads to the heterogeneous molecular distribution in 246DBFTPO matrix, accompanied by the homogeneous intermolecular interactions. Compared to symmetrical and semi‐symmetrical PO congeners, 246DBFTPO provides balanced carrier transport, efficient host–dopant and dopant–dopant energy transfer, and effective quenching suppression. Based on its electron mobility of 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a 90% photoluminescence quantum yield of its dually doped white TADF film, 246DBFTPO is simultaneously competent as host and electron transporting material in a trilayer single‐EML full‐TADF WOLED, leading to a record power efficiency of 76.7 lm W−1.
Metal Halide Perovskite Arrays: From Construction to Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Han Xun , Wu Wenqiang , Chen Hao , Peng Dengfeng , Qiu Li , Yan Peiguang , Pan Caofeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInorganic semiconductor arrays revolutionize many areas of electronics, optoelectronics with the properties of multifunctionality and large‐scale integration. Metal halide perovskites are emerging as candidates for next‐generation optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, ease of processing, and compatibility with flexible substrates. To date, a series of patterning technologies have been applied to perovskites to realize array configurations and nano/microstructured surfaces to further improve device performances. Herein, various construction methods for perovskite crystal or thin film arrays are summarized. The optoelectronic applications of the perovskite arrays are also discussed, in particular, for photodetectors, light‐emitting diodes, lasers, and nanogratings.
Anode Photovoltage Compensation‐Enabled Synergistic CO2 Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction on a Flower‐Like Graphene‐Decorated Cu Foam Cathode
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xuan Xiaoxu , Wang Wenlong , Ma Chunyuan , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn interconnected and hierarchically structured electrode composed of a Cu nanoparticle‐modified flower‐like reduced graphene oxide‐decorated copper foam (Cu NP/f‐RGO/CF) is crafted and exploited for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) reduction of CO2 in a TiO2 nanotube photoanode‐driven PEC cell. Anode photovoltage compensation confers a more negative cathode potential for CO2 reduction, thus leading to a synergistic effect between photocatalysis (PC) and electrocatalysis (EC). CO2 reduction rate under PEC condition is 5.4× higher than that of the simple sum under PC and EC processes. The well‐defined flower structure of RGO in the CF scaffold effectively prevents its self‐agglomeration, which increases its adsorption towards CO2 with improved electron‐transfer kinetics due to the 3D interconnected structure with abundant electron transfer pathways. DFT calculations further reveal the absorption and activation of CO2 on Cu NP/f‐RGO capitalize on the CC bond with RGO and OCu bond with Cu NPs, thereby leading to a bended and stretched structure. The enhanced CO2 adsorptivity and activation on the hierarchical Cu NP/f‐RGO/CF electrode significantly improve CO2 reduction and facilitate the conversion of C1 products to high‐order products. This research highlights the great prospect of anode photovoltage compensation enables synergistic photoelectrocatalysis and 3D hierarchical electrode for CO2 drastic reduction into high‐order products.
Fluorescent Diagnostic Probes in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Zhou Jin , Jangili Paramesh , Son Subin , Ji Myung Sun , Won Miae , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are debilitating disorders that feature progressive and selective loss of function or structure of anatomically or physiologically associated neuronal systems. Both chronic and acute neurodegenerative diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality along with the death of neurons in different areas of the brain; moreover, there are few or no effective curative therapy options for treating these disorders. There is an urgent need to diagnose neurodegenerative disease as early as possible, and to distinguish between different disorders with overlapping symptoms that will help to decide the best clinical treatment. Recently, in neurodegenerative disease research, fluorescent‐probe‐mediated biomarker visualization techniques have been gaining increasing attention for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. A survey of fluorescent probes for sensing and imaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases is provided. These imaging probes are categorized based on the different potential biomarkers of various neurodegenerative diseases, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Guides to develop new sensing strategies, recognition mechanisms, as well as the ideal features to further improve neurodegenerative disease fluorescence imaging are also explored.