bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of sample preparation for experimental registration of the size of soot particles in ICE
Authors: Likhanov V A , Rossokhin A V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
When analyzing the content of harmful substances in diesel exhaust gases, in particular soot particles, it is necessary to determine the sampling methodology. In addition, this is a determining parameter in the further study of the obtained samples using microscopes. In this paper, we consider options for sampling exhaust gases and methods for preparing the obtained samples for further research. The results of these studies are presented.
Charcteristics of heat release in the disel engine running on biofuel
Authors: Fominykh A V , Kopchikov V N 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch aimed at finding new alternative fuels is becoming more and more urgent with each day, due to depletion of the world’s oil deposits and pollution of the atmosphere with toxic emissions of exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine. The article below describes the results of using alternative renewable fuels, such as methyl alcohol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil and their effects on the process of heat generation in diesel engine under various load conditions. The object of research is a 2F 10.5/12.0 engine with a dual fuel supply system installed on it. The obtained results showed that the optimal fixer advance angle of fuel injection is equal to 34° to the top dead centre for both types of fuel. The use of alternative fuels does not significantly affect the operational process. At the same time, it was noted that emissions of toxic agents, such as nitrogen oxides and soot, have significantly decreased.
Application of the phytotesting method to assess the environmental impact of the waste of Lovozersky GOK LLC
Authors: Krasavtseva E A , Maksimova V V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For a comprehensive assessment of the negative impact of mining waste on environmental objects, the biotesting method was used; phytotesting is a special case of it. The test objects were the tailings of loparite ores, soil and lake water samples in the zone of influence of Lovozero Mining and Processing Plant LLC, located in the Murmansk region. Test cultures - seed oats Avena sativa L., soft wheat Triticum aestivum L., watercress Lepidium sativum. Assessment of the impact of enterprise waste is given on the basis of the joint application of several test cultures and phytotesting methods. A decrease in test functions for a number of objects was found, but no toxic effect was detected. The V hazard class of the tailings of the enrichment of loparite ores stored by the enterprise has been experimentally confirmed, the low probability of overgrowing of the surface of the tailings has been demonstrated.
The dependence of the temperature cycle in the cylinder of the CI engine when burning methyl hydroxide
Authors: Anfilatov A A , Chuprakov A I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the course of burning, the processes of gas movement intensively occur in the cylinder, which contribute to heat transfer to the cylinder walls. A diesel engine has different heat dissipation conditions than a gas engine. Due to the higher compression ratio, the temperature of the gases leaving the cylinder is much lower. The temperature of the gases in the cylinder in the course of burning reaches 2000-2300 °C. Using methyl hydroxide and changing the installing angles of advancing fuel injection there is a tendency to change the temperature of the cycle in the cylinder of the diesel engine. Starting from a certain position of the piston in the course of the compression stroke, the air temperature becomes higher than the wall temperatures, and the heat flux changes direction, i.e., heat is transferred from the air to the cylinder walls.
Harvester and transporting device development for high-quality soybean seeds obtaining
Authors: Prisyazhnaya I M , Sinegovskaya V T , Prisyazhnaya S P , Sinegovskii M O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Soybean in the Amur Region occupies up to 30% of its area in Russia. With a high content of protein and oil, it is an energy-efficient crop, and its processed products are widely used in the food industry and animal husbandry. An increase in soybean production is planned by improving the structure of sown areas, introducing new varieties, and intensifying crop production. It is possible to increase its productivity through the use of high-quality and most productive seeds that can be isolated, separately collected in a combine harvester during harvesting and used without seeds after harvesting. For this, it is necessary to use combines of two-phase threshing, with the separation of threshed mass by the first threshing drum, cleaning and collecting this mass in an additional hopper. To avoid pinching and damage during transportation, it is necessary to use screws with a brush frame for the working edge of the screw and brush conveyor belts. The selected soybean seeds of the first fraction for all sowing quality indicators correspond to the second class of the state standard, and their laboratory and field germination, 96 and 91.5%, corresponds to the seeds of the first class. The use of the first seed fraction during sowing, without additional purification, reduces material costs, increases soybean yield by 3.0 kg / ha and increases profit.
The effect of complex composts on the growth and dynamics of the number of vermiculture Esenia Fetida
Authors: Nakonechnyi N V , Ibragimova D V , Emtsev A A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article considers the complex composts role from the wastewater residues and beer pellets on the Esenia fetida vermiculture growth dynamics in closed ground conditions as the Yugra territory sustainable development regional aspect. The substrates used: the soil with a total humus content of 1.83 ± 0.51%, the wastewater residues, the brewer pellet, the plants, the food waste, the paper, the bird droppings, the Tamir microbiological preparation, as well as 50 immature worms, the hybrid Prospector. The experiment lasted 30 days. In each compost variant, there were 7 replicates with the MP and worms, as well as 2 controls without worms: with MP and without it. The complex composts showed a positive trend in the increase in the earthworms number and their total mass. The decrease in the substrate mass after vermicomposting using the Tamir microbiological preparation was observed in all variants. A statistically regular decrease in the substrate mass over time due to the growth of the worms was found. The optimum temperature for the worm’s development is +21 degrees, and the pH values at which a high worms number were observed are in the range from 7.8 to 8.2. Thus, it is possible to use all the complex composts variants. The decomposition process and the growth of the worms positive dynamics were observed everywhere at different rates. The beer pellets use in the raw state is possible when adding 10-25% of the compostable substrate total mass with the organic components that have sorption capacity.
Evaluation of potato varieties as a source material for selection
Authors: Konstantinova S , Fadeev A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on creating a source material for breeding new high-yielding potato varieties adapted to the conditions of the southern part of the Volga-Vyatka region. The research was carried out in the Department of selection and seed production of the Chuvash research Institute. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest, heavy loam, of medium fertility. Field and laboratory studies were conducted using generally accepted methods. More than 150 varieties have been studied in the collection nursery. The selected samples are valuable material for further selection and are identified on the basis of productivity. As a result of studying potato varieties of different groups of ripeness, highly productive varieties were selected for using the source material: 3 varieties were selected for each group of ripeness after the yield of marketable potatoes; 4 varieties with an increased number of tubers were selected.
Contemporary methods of environmental monitoring in aquaculture
Authors: Zavyalova E A , Droshnev A E , Bulina K Yu , Alontseva D A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the promising areas of agriculture, but the intensification of the industry can negatively affect the ecosystem, which leads to the need for constant environmental monitoring, using modern methods such as genetic diagnostics using polymerase chain reaction. To expand the monitoring capabilities, the authors developed diagnostic kits based on PCR for identifying certain viruses and bacteria that are particularly dangerous for hydrobionts. Extensive use of the PCR diagnostic method for environmental monitoring will significantly reduce the duration of the study and more fully examine the population to obtain reliable information about the health of fish and the ecosystem as a whole.
Untraditional feeds influencing on poultry growth
Authors: Vasilieva N V , Tsoy Z V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Poultry farming is one of the most precocious and important branches of animal husbandry. It makes it possible to get food products such as meat and eggs in the shortest time. The main factor affecting the development of poultry farming is the feed base. For poultry, the lack of protein and minerals is very harmful. Far East has all the opportunities to realize its genetic potential. Primorye region makes it possible to widely use inexpensive seafood and waste products, as well as plant raw materials in animal and poultry feeding. Marine and fish products, as well as waste from their reprocessing, are rich in protein and minerals necessary to ensure the fullness of animal and poultry rations. Additions of marine origin have antioxidant, radioprotective activity, increase the body’s resistance to diseases, increase the immune system, and improve metabolism. In addition, the region has a fairly rich plant feed base. In particular, to improve metabolism, increase the body’s resistance, improve digestibility and digestibility of feed, we can use Galega orientalis. So that, the purpose of our research work was to study the possibility of including these additions in poultry rations.
Assessment of key habitats of suburban forests in Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Vais A A , Varaksin G S , Nezamov V I , Kolpakova O P , Anuev E A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Biodiversity is closely linked to common environmental and conservation issues of rare plant and animal species. Key habitats contribute to solving the limited tasks of preserving local (small) areas. Moreover, these areas are important for the conservation of ecosystem components, rare, vulnerable, endemic, relict and Red Book species. A survey of key habitats was carried out in a number of neighborhoods of the suburban forests of the city of Krasnoyarsk. In this article, key habitats were assessed according to three criteria: age, marketability, and anthropogenic impact. It was established that the key habitats allocated in the Krasnoyarsk forestry area are in satisfactory condition. To preserve these areas, it is recommended to reduce the anthropogenic load and develop a system of protective measures in order to preserve biodiversity.
A study of the productivity of alfalfa with melilot grass mixture and methods for developing their layer in the Caspian plain on irrigation
Authors: Mukhambetov B , Abdinov R , Didenko I , Zamzamova N , Bogdanova D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The salt tolerance and salt tolerance of melilot has been thoroughly studied in Kazakhstan, and on this basis its high productivity has been universally established on salt licks, saline irrigated lands compared to other fodder plants. The results of experiments on a comparative study of the productivity of fodder crops on non-saline zonal soils also showed its high productivity. But at the same time, melilot is a culture that dramatically increases the productivity of the grass mixture when it is introduced into it. In the experiments we conducted 1998 and 1999., the high productivity of the joint sowing of mtlilot (Melilotus) was established, with alfalfa compared with the pure sowing of alfalfa (Medicago) - 113.0 c / ha of hay against 81.9 c / ha in total over two years. When cultivating melilot, attention should be paid to the following circumstances. It is well known that under irrigated conditions, the alfalfa layer is not amenable to processing due to its strong compaction and desiccation. A completely different picture is observed when cultivating a melilot for seeds, after which the soil, although it is dried up as much, but at the same time, due to the decomposition of the fallen leaves, the melilot layer is easily treated, because there is no strong soil compaction. From the studied methods of treating the melilot layer, the best result in the 2019 laying test was obtained by cultivating the soil to a depth of 10-12 cm, rolling before and after sowing alfalfa with melilot - here the grass mixture provided 89.1 c / ha of haylage, which is much higher than it productivity when harrowing (49.5 t / ha) and plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm. (69.3 t / ha).
Change in the agrophysical properties of frozen soils under anthropogenic effects
Authors: Pesterev A P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of the agrophysical properties of the zonal soils of Central Yakutia formed under the line of larch of different-level-cowberry. As human intervention in forest ecosystems increases, the fragile ecological balance of the existence of taiga-alasny permafrost landscapes, reflected in the properties and regimes of zonal soils, changes. Changes in the agrophysical properties of frozen soil directly affect the hydrothermal regime of the soil and, accordingly, the plant composition of the ecosystem. The obtained materials show a decrease in fertility and deterioration of the properties of frozen stick saltwater soils, their compaction and desiccation under the influence of ploughing during livestock crossing within forest between spaces. Destruction of ground vegetation reduces the natural thermal insulation of the frost and leads to an increase in the depth of seasonal soil weeding by 25%. The total anthropogenic impact leads to the destruction of taiga ecosystems and the degradation of the permafrost in Eastern Eurasia.
Ecologically clean technologies of young cattle development
Authors: Sattarov N E , Borotov A N , Ashurov N A , Sattarov M N , Yunusov R F , Abduganiev A A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the effectiveness of calf rearing in lightweight buildings in individual cages and in houses for individual keeping from 3 days of his life to 60 days of age. It has shown the advantage of growing young animals using this technology in comparison with the traditional method for group keeping indoors. This method of calf breeding contributes to maintaining the cultivation of full-fledged repair young animals, and ultimately, increasing the efficiency of animal husbandry. Since all experimental groups had a different content system, the dynamics of live weight in age periods helped to reveal the difference in growth rates and developed animals. The data obtained indicate that the weight during the formulation did not differ much in animals of the control I and II of the experimental groups was 36 kg, respectively, 35.7 and 38 kg. At 3 months of age, it amounted to 83, 87.6 and 90.2 kg, respectively. They exceeded their peers in the control group 7.2 kg or 7.99%, 4.6 kg 4.67%, respectively. The average daily increase in 3 months was 626 g, 692 g, 696 g, respectively.
Karyology of the Species Oxytropis lessingiana Knjasev (Fabaceae) Endemic to the South Urals
Authors: Kalashnik N A , Muldashev A A , Elizaryeva O A , Maslova N V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Studies have been performed on the karyotype Oxytropis lessingiana Knjasev endemic to the South Urals. It is recognized that the number of chromosomes in the somatic tissue of the species under investigation is 2n=48 and these metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes are of a small size (1.30±0.02 to 2.59±0.05 μm). The variability of morphometric chromosome parameters is characterized by very low, low and average values of the coefficient of variation. The highest variability is observed in the absolute chromosome length and the lowest one in the relative chromosome length. The differences found between the karyotype O. lessingiana and those of previously studied closely related species may attest to a particular (probably species-level) status of the research object.
Determination of an effective regimen for maceration of berry raw materials of the Rubus genus
Authors: Sharoglazova L P , Belyakov A A , Smol’nikova Ya V , Velichko N A , Khramtsova T G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article presents the results of mathematical modeling of the process of maceration of berry raw materials of the Rubus genus. The optimal extractant concentrations and the duration of the process, which provide the maximum output of extractives, are determined. The quadratic regression, obtained at the preliminary stage of modeling, had a high relative error by smoothing the experimental data; the coefficient of determination of the quadratic regression was 82.55%, which is significantly lower than the threshold value of 95%. Because the use of polynomial and polynomial-logarithmic functions to represent the patterns of this extraction processes was insufficient, a two-stage modeling approach was chosen. As a result, a general model for the dependence of the output of extractive substances on the duration of extraction and ethanol concentration was developed, based on the proposed two-stage modeling approach with the use of fractional-rational functions.
Effect of soil salinization on the productivity of pasture in the arid land
Authors: Kononova N A , Pisman T I , Shevyrnogov A P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study compares the field data of the seasonal dynamics of halophytic plant productivity as dependent upon soil salinity level and soil type. The field study was carried out in the coastal area of Lake Kurinka (the Republic of Khakasia, south of Middle Siberia) between May and September of 2014 and 2016. Two plant communities with different soil salinity levels were studied. Results of the field investigation show that there is a correlation between plant growth and the soil salinity level. With high-salinity (3.72%) soils, the productivity of halophyte plants is lower than productivity with low-salinity (0.175%) soils.
Component composition of atmospheric dusts as a characteristic of environmental pollution
Authors: Zagorodnov S Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Air pollution from urban areas by solid dust particles potentially affects the level of chemicals in the soils of the surrounding area. Under the influence of gravity, solid particles settle, fall out in the form of rain and snow. The chemical composition of solid particles of atmospheric air contains a multicomponent mixture containing both organic and inorganic impurities, including extremely and highly dangerous ones. Based on the example of three central regions of Perm, comprehensive studies of the solid component of atmospheric air are carried out. The studies included determining the concentration levels of suspended solids and fine fractions PM10 and PM2.5, studying the component composition, forming a profile of solid particles and studying the morphological properties of the identified particles. During the study, an averaged profile of dust particles was formed, which is characterized by a wide range of chemicals, including: oxides of iron, calcium, silicon, aluminum, etc. The multicomponent nature of dust pollution of atmospheric air is confirmed by morphological features, solid particles are represented by a wide range of forms and various structures. Based on the results of the studies, proposals are made for the organization of environmental monitoring based on a detailed study of the component composition and inclusion of fine fractions PM10 and PM2.5 in the atmospheric air monitoring system of Roshydromet.
Flexibile techhology of protectants for grain seeds
Authors: Vlasenko N G , Khalikov S S , Burlakova S V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The chemicalization of agriculture is an important component of an integrated plant protection system to obtain stably high crop yields and provide food products to the rapidly growing population of the Earth. Seed dressing with fungicides is a determining element in the plant protection system, and systemic drugs give the best effect. The absence of such protection of cultivated plants can lead to a decrease in wheat productivity by more than 20% due to the development of Fusarium and Helminthosporious infection. At the same time, indicators such as protein content can decrease by 10.0%, and gluten - by 8-10%. Therefore, it is very important to develop the scientific basis for the preparation of complex preparations with a low consumption rate of the active substance and the inclusion of biological products, including plant growth regulators, which enhance the growth processes and yield of the main crop. In recent years, areas for the modification of known and practiced fungicides using various methods, including methods of mechanochemistry, are promising. At the same time, high permeability of active substances is achieved both due to auxiliary substances (in particular, polysaccharides), which increase the solubility of drugs, and by adding surfactants and other formative components to the formulations. The review of the literature on the development of alternative preparative forms of fungicidal preparations based on triazole derivatives and known fungicides, as well as their biological activity, is presented.
The use of active bakery ingredients in bakery products of functional purpose
Authors: Matseychik I V , Korpacheva S M , Suvorova E A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the possibility of changing of yeast to natural sourdoughs of spontaneous fermentation in bakery products formulations with using of ‘BackNatur’ and ‘O-tenic’ active bakery ingredients. The influence of fermentation temperature and time on the quality of liquid sourdoughs is described, and the content of microorganisms in dried and liquid sourdoughs is shown. There were developed the formulations of bakery products based on the sourdoughs with using of demineralized dried whey, fine mechanochemically treated eggshell powder and infrared-dried carrot powder. All samples were evaluated on their sensory, physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics. The consumption of the developed bakery products satisfies from 10 to 15% of daily requirement for people in β-carotene, dietary fiber, calcium and proteins. The developed bakery products can be recommended as functional bakery products for dietary and gerontological nutrition.