bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene‐based association analysis reveals involvement of LAMA5 and cell adhesion pathways in nicotine dependence in African‐ and European‐American samples
Authors: Fan Rongli , Cui Wenyan , Chen Jiali , Ma Yunlong , Yang Zhongli , Payne Thomas J. , Ma Jennie Z. , Li Ming D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNicotine dependence (ND) is a chronic brain disorder that causes heavy social and economic burdens. Although many susceptibility genetic loci have been reported, they can explain only approximately 5%–10% of the genetic variance for the disease. To further explore the genetic etiology of ND, we genotyped 242 764 SNPs using an exome chip from both European‐American (N = 1572) and African‐American (N = 3371) samples. Gene‐based association analysis revealed 29 genes associated significantly with ND. Of the genes in the AA sample, six (i.e., PKD1L2, LAMA5, MUC16, MROH5, ATP8B1, and FREM1) were replicated in the EA sample with p values ranging from 0.0031 to 0.0346. Subsequently, gene enrichment analysis revealed that cell adhesion‐related pathways were significantly associated with ND in both the AA and EA samples. Considering that LAMA5 is the most significant gene in cell adhesion‐related pathways, we did in vitro functional analysis of this gene, which showed that nicotine significantly suppressed its mRNA expression in HEK293T cells (p < 0.001). Further, our cell migration experiment showed that the migration rate was significantly different in wild‐type and LAMA5‐knockout (LAMA5‐KO)‐HEK293T cells. Importantly, nicotine‐induced cell migration was abolished in LAMA5‐KO cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that LAMA5, as well as cell adhesion‐related pathways, play an important role in the etiology of smoking addiction, which warrants further investigation.
Comparing the diversity of the casein genes in the Asian mouflon and domestic sheep
Authors: Luigi‐Sierra M.G. , Mármol‐Sánchez E. , Amills M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe aimed to determine whether casein variants that are currently segregating in ovine populations existed before the domestication of sheep or, to the contrary, if their emergence is much more recent. To this end, we have retrieved whole‐genome sequences from Iranian and domestic sheep from Africa, Europe, South and East Asia and West Asia. Population structure analysis based on 55,352,935 SNPs revealed a clear separation between Iranian mouflons and domestic sheep. Moreover, we also observed a strong genetic differentiation between Iranian mouflons sampled in geographic areas close to Tehran and Tabriz. Based on sequence data, hundreds of SNPs mapping to the casein αS1 (CSN1S1, 248 SNPs), casein αS2 (CSN1S2, 268 SNPs), casein ß (CSN2, 146 SNPs) and casein κ (CSN3, 112 SNPs) genes were identified. Approximately 25–63.02% of the casein variation was shared between Iranian mouflons and domestic sheep, and the four domestic sheep populations also shared 44.2–57.4% of the casein polymorphic sites. These findings suggest that an important fraction of the casein variation present in domestic sheep was already segregating in the mouflon prior to its domestication. Genomic studies performed in horses and dogs are consistent with this view, suggesting that much of the diversity that we currently detect in domestic animals comes from standing variation already segregating in their wild ancestors.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Product Strategy, and Firm Value
Authors: Cho Eunho , Tsang Albert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examines the role of a firm’s product strategy on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value. Using a sample of 1287 firm‐year observations of Korean listed manufacturing firms from 2005 to 2016, we find that a firm’s product differentiation strategies strengthen the association between CSR and firm value, whereas cost‐leadership strategies weaken such a relationship. Our findings demonstrate the importance of attaining a strategic fit between CSR activities and product strategies, and highlight the importance of considering a firm’s product strategy when evaluating a firm’s CSR investment.
Cesarean delivery with and without uterine artery embolization for the management of placenta accreta spectrum disorder—A comparative study
Authors: Mohr‐Sasson Aya , Hochman Roni , Anteby Matan , Spira Maya , Castel Elias , Hendler Israel , Mazaki‐Tovi Shali , Sivan Eyal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study is to compare immediate and long‐term obstetrical outcomes of patients who underwent cesarean delivery with and without uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the management of placenta accreta spectrum disorder.Material and methodsA retrospective case control study including all pregnant women admitted to a single tertiary medical center between December 2001 and May 2018 with a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorder, who underwent cesarean delivery with and without UAE. Groups were compared for maternal characteristics, operative management, postoperative complication rate and long‐term outcomes. Follow up on future obstetrical outcomes was conducted via telephone questionnaire. Non‐parametric statistics were used.ResultsDuring the study period, 272 women met the inclusion criteria: 64 (23.53%) and 208 (76.47%) underwent preservative cesarean section with and without UAE, respectively. UAE procedure was associated with a longer operative time (82.5 [68‐110] vs 50.5 [39‐77] minutes; P = .001), and higher blood loss (2000 (1500‐3000) vs 1000 (600‐2000) mL; P = .001). Hysterectomy rate was comparable between the groups (9 [14%] vs 35 [16.82%]; P = .88); however, multivariate logistic regression analysis found UAE to be an independent factor associated with lower hysterectomy rate (P = .02). Postoperative complications were more frequent in the UAE group. Follow up was achieved in 29 (59.18%) and 72 (51.79%) of the women with and without UAE, respectively (P = .36). No differences were found in rate of abortions, pregnancy and deliveries between the groups.ConclusionsCesarean delivery using UAE in placenta accreta spectrum disorder is associated with a higher rate of operative and postoperative complications. Nevertheless, in cases of severe adherence of the placenta, embolization reduces the need for hysterectomy, allowing future fertility.
Ovarian cyst formation in women of reproductive age receiving mitotane as part of the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma: Clinical and experimental observations
Authors: Abrahamsson Gun , Ekerhovd Erling , Janson Per Olof , Jansson Svante , Ahlman Håkan , Wängberg Bo , Norström Anders 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionMitotane is an adrenolytic drug that is used as an adjuvant to treat adrenocortical carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical course and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying ovarian cyst formation in women of reproductive age diagnosed with adrenocortical carcinoma and being treated with mitotane as an adjuvant to surgery.Material and methodsFive women presented with stage III‐IV adrenocortical carcinoma and ovarian cyst formation during mitotane treatment. The clinical course of the disease was followed during and after treatment. The effects of mitotane on progesterone production and cell proliferation were studied in cultured human ovarian granulosa cells.ResultsComputed tomography and vaginal ultrasonography during mitotane treatment repeatedly demonstrated ovarian cysts of varying size without solid intralocular structures. Two women became amenorrheic during the treatment period. After mitotane cessation, the ovarian cysts disappeared and normal menstrual cycles resumed. One woman had an uncomplicated pregnancy two years after mitotane treatment. In one woman, who underwent salpingo‐oophorectomy, histological analysis demonstrated benign ovarian cysts. Mitotane impeded the synthesis of progesterone, reduced the stimulatory effect of gonadotropins on progesterone formation, and reduced labeling with [3H]thymidine in cultured granulosa cells.ConclusionsTherapeutic concentrations of mitotane are associated with the formation of benign ovarian cysts and amenorrhea. Mitotane‐induced suppression of ovarian steroidogenesis and impediment of the proliferative capacity of steroid‐producing cells are suggested potential pathogenetic mechanisms underlying mitotane‐induced ovarian dysfunction and cyst development. Mitotane treatment does not compromise future ovarian function.
Accurate neonatal heart rate monitoring using a new wireless, cap mounted device
Authors: Henry Caroline , Shipley Lara , Ward Carole , Mirahmadi Siavash , Liu Chong , Morgan Steve , Crowe John , Carpenter James , Hayes‐Gill Barrie , Sharkey Don 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimA device for newborn heart rate (HR) monitoring at birth that is compatible with delayed cord clamping and minimises hypothermia risk could have advantages over current approaches. We evaluated a wireless, cap mounted device (fhPPG) for monitoring neonatal HR.MethodsA total of 52 infants on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and immediately following birth by elective caesarean section (ECS) were recruited. HR was monitored by electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry (PO) and the fhPPG device. Success rate, accuracy and time to output HR were compared with ECG as the gold standard. Standardised simulated data assessed the fhPPG algorithm accuracy.ResultsCompared to ECG HR, the median bias (and 95% limits of agreement) for the NICU was fhPPG −0.6 (−5.6, 4.9) vs PO −0.3 (−6.3, 6.2) bpm, and ECS phase fhPPG −0.5 (−8.7, 7.7) vs PO −0.1 (−7.6, 7.1) bpm. In both settings, fhPPG and PO correlated with paired ECG HRs (both R2 = 0.89). The fhPPG HR algorithm during simulations demonstrated a near‐linear correlation (n = 1266, R2 = 0.99).ConclusionMonitoring infants in the NICU and following ECS using a wireless, cap mounted device provides accurate HR measurements. This alternative approach could confer advantages compared with current methods of HR assessment and warrants further evaluation at birth.
Making Cheaper Labor: Domestic Outsourcing and Development in the Galilee
Authors: Taha Hebatalla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the rise of domestic outsourcing in the high‐tech industry in the Galilee in northern Israel. Outsourcing has emerged as a self‐proclaimed mode of development targeting Palestinian citizens of Israel. This industry has expanded significantly in the past decade, attracting lucrative funds from public and private sources, and it has received widespread acclaim. Firms in this industry tend to have ties to the Israeli security establishment, a key player in the architecture of high‐tech in Israel. At the same time, a Palestinian capitalist class has coalesced around this industry, embracing the discourse of technology and globalization as forms of self‐empowerment. I argue that separation—in terms of wages and physical spaces—is a core operational characteristic within this industry, yet firms simultaneously invoke development as part of their organizational cultures, particularly the integration of Palestinian labor into the Israeli economy, empowerment of women, and peacemaking. Locating the practice of domestic outsourcing within a history of subcontracting to the Galilee, I illustrate that this “new” and “innovative” industry builds on established patterns that reinscribe Palestinian workers as a cheaper labor force. These practices illustrate the intertwinement of inclusion and exclusion within neoliberal economic development as well as the mutual production of Palestinians of 1948 as subjects of Israeli capitalism and colonialism.
Productive Values: Activating Labor and Finding Selves in Norwegian Job‐Seeker Courses
Authors: McKowen Kelly 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, activation has become the paradigm of European social policy. This is a move that many scholars have decried as part of the neoliberalization of the continent's once‐robust welfare states. Much of the scholarship on activation, however, has focused on the formal and legal dimensions of policy change, obscuring how activation policies function at the level of everyday life and thus what they actually represent with respect to the broader economic and political shifts remaking contemporary Europe. This article, based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Norway between 2015 and 2016, examines one increasingly common activation scheme, the mandatory job‐seeker course. While confirming that the courses propagate a neoliberal rhetoric of the “sellable self,” ethnographic evidence contests the notion that this rhetoric is itself evidence of a broader ideological shift within Norway. In fact, the opposite is the case. This rhetoric is not only continuous with a longstanding elite understanding of Norway as an “active society” but also potentially beneficial to the country's universal welfare state. Ultimately, this article argues that insofar as neoliberal rhetoric helps Norway’s unemployed overcome feelings of moral abjection and social disorientation to search for formal, tax‐generating employment, it protects rather than undermines the social democratic order.
Upper bound estimators of the population size based on ordinal models for capture‐recapture experiments
Authors: Alfò Marco , Böhning Dankmar , Rocchetti Irene 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCapture‐recapture studies have attracted a lot of attention over the past few decades, especially in applied disciplines where a direct estimate for the size of a population of interest is not available. Epidemiology, ecology, public health, and biodiversity are just a few examples. The estimation of the number of unseen units has been a challenge for theoretical statisticians, and considerable progress has been made in providing lower bound estimators for the population size. In fact, it is well known that consistent estimators for this cannot be provided in the very general case. Considering a case where capture‐recapture studies are summarized by a frequency of frequencies distribution, we derive a simple upper bound of the population size based on the cumulative distribution function. We introduce two estimators of this bound, without any specific parametric assumption on the distribution of the observed frequency counts. The behavior of the proposed estimators is investigated using several benchmark datasets and a large‐scale simulation experiment based on the scheme discussed by Pledger.
Analyzing wearable device data using marked point processes
Authors: Yang Yuchen , Wang Mei‐Cheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces two sets of measures as exploratory tools to study physical activity patterns: active‐to‐sedentary/sedentary‐to‐active rate function (ASRF/SARF) and active/sedentary rate function (ARF/SRF). These two sets of measures are complementary to each other and can be effectively used together to understand physical activity patterns. The specific features are illustrated by an analysis of wearable device data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A two‐level semiparametric regression model for ARF and the associated activity magnitude is developed under a unified framework using the marked point process formulation. The inactive and active states measured by accelerometers are treated as a 0‐1 point process, and the activity magnitude measured at each active state is defined as a marked variable. The commonly encountered missing data problem due to device nonwear is referred to as “window censoring,” which is handled by a proper estimation approach that adopts techniques from recurrent event data. Large sample properties of the estimator and comparison between two regression models as measurement frequency increases are studied. Simulation and NHANES data analysis results are presented. The statistical inference and analysis results suggest that ASRF/SARF and ARF/SRF provide useful analytical tools to practitioners for future research on wearable device data.
The effect of species composition dissimilarity on plant–herbivore network structure is not consistent over time
Authors: Pereira Martins Lucas , Matos Medina Anderson , Lewinsohn Thomas M. , Almeida‐Neto Mário 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe structural organization of several antagonistic networks has been demonstrated to be largely conserved through time and space even when species beta‐diversity is high. This might occur either because species are replaced by others that fulfill similar network roles or because interaction probabilities are given by species relative abundances rather than by their functional traits. Alternatively, if species‐specific traits are important drivers of realized interactions, any change in species composition should promote a certain degree of network structural dissimilarity. Here, we used a spatial‐temporal system comprising asteraceous plants and flower head herbivores from remnants of Brazilian Cerrado to investigate whether the relationship between spatial beta‐diversity of species and network structural dissimilarity changes over time. We measured species beta‐diversity using Sørensen's dissimilarity index (βsor) and its components of species replacement (β‐3) and richness differences (βrich). Network structural dissimilarity was estimated using three different metrics: connectance, modularity, and web asymmetry. We show that, in general, the effect of species beta‐diversity on network structure was time‐dependent: While some periods presented a positive relationship between spatial beta‐diversity and network structural dissimilarity, others presented no significant relationship. This indicates that functionally similar species may present different turnover rates at distinct periods, and different non‐exclusive processes affect plant–herbivore network organization across time.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Childhood Studies and child psychology: Disciplines in dialogue?
Authors: Tatlow‐Golden Mimi , Montgomery Heather 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChildhood Studies is a dynamic and still‐growing subject, bringing a child‐focused, rights‐based and (usually) constructionist perspective to children's lives. Its early days were also marked by wariness of, even hostility to, developmental psychology. Yet it is increasingly recognised that some mainstream developmental psychology is opening itself to more contextualised understandings of children and childhoods, and that other psychologies offer further opportunities for dialogue between disciplines. We aim to explore these opportunities, to consider what (and whether) these fields of study can learn from one another and how this might enrich and further challenge research and practice.
Clinical features and outcome of Wilson's disease with generalized epilepsy in Chinese patients
Authors: Wang Rou‐Min , Yu Hao , Yang Guo‐Min , Xu Wan‐Qing , Xia Nan , Zhang Yue , Ni Wang , Dong Yi , Wu Zhi‐Ying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveGeneralized epilepsy is rarely reported in patients with Wilson disease (WD) and lacks experience in clinical practice. We aim to provide better experience for the diagnosis and treatment for WD patients with epilepsy in the future.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in 13 Chinese WD patients with generalized epilepsy. Each patient was diagnosed with WD by clinical evaluation and genetic screening. Patients were given small doses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), followed by copper‐chelation therapy when the seizures stabilized. Clinical manifestations, brain imaging changes, and treatment and outcome after a long‐term follow‐up were analyzed.ResultsFour out of 13 (30.8%) patients stopped taking copper‐chelation drugs for more than 1 year before they were admitted for epilepsy. The incidence of epilepsy of WD patients in our cohort is 1.43% (13/910), lower than those (4.5%‐5.9%) in other populations. After the attack of epilepsy, frontal lobes were the most common abnormalities (13/13, 100%) in patients, followed by brain stem (8/13, 61.5%) and thalamus (7/13, 53.8%). After a long‐term follow‐up, brain imaging and clinical manifestations of 8 (8/9, 88.9%) WD patients were significantly improved.ConclusionsWe firstly described WD patients with generalized epilepsy in the Chinese population. WD patients with aggravation of neuropsychiatric symptoms are prone to occur epilepsy; thus, brain MRI should be performed regularly in those patients. Cortical abnormality in brain MRI is a warning sign of epilepsy. Irregular use of copper‐chelation drugs and excessive copper deposition in the brain may be the cause of seizures. Long‐term standardized treatment for WD can effectively prevent the extensive brain damage and reduce the incidence of epilepsy in WD patients.
Habitat‐tree protection concepts over 200 years
Authors: Mölder Andreas , Schmidt Marcus , Plieninger Tobias , Meyer Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe protection and sustainable management of habitat trees is an integral part of modern forest nature conservation concepts such as retention forestry. Bats, cavity‐nesting birds, arboreal marsupials, and many different saproxylic species depend on habitat trees and their great variety of microhabitats and old‐growth characteristics. With a focus on insights from temperate forests, we traced the development of habitat‐tree protection over 200 years. The idea was first conceptualized by foresters and natural scientists in the early 19th century. At that time, utilitarian conservation aimed to protect cavity trees that provided roosts and nesting holes for insectivorous bats and birds. By the second half of the 19th century, habitat‐tree protection was well known to foresters and was occasionally implemented. Knowledge of the protection of large old trees, a special kind of habitat tree, for sociocultural and aesthetic reasons developed similarly. But, many foresters of that time and in the following decades fundamentally rejected protection of habitat trees for economic reasons. Beginning in the 1970s, forest conservation and integrative forest management became increasingly important issues worldwide. Since then, the protection of habitat trees has been implemented on a large scale. Long‐term views on the development of conservation concepts are important to inform the implementation of conservation today. In particular, historical analyses of conservation concepts allow the testing of long‐term conservation outcomes and make it possible to study the resilience of conservation approaches to changing social or ecological conditions. We encourage all conservation ecologists to assess the practical and conceptual impact of the initial ideas that led to modern conservation concepts in terms of long‐term biodiversity conservation.
Potential role of insulin on the pathogenesis of depression
Authors: Zou Xiao Han , Sun Li Hua , Yang Wei , Li Bing Jin , Cui Ran Ji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe regulation of insulin on depression and depression‐like behaviour has been widely reported. Insulin and activation of its receptor can promote learning and memory, affect the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) balance, regulate the secretion of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters, interact with gastrointestinal microbiome, exert neuroprotective effects and have an impact on depression. However, the role of insulin on depression remains largely unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the potential role of insulin on depression. It may provide new insight for clarifying role of insulin on the pathogenesis of depression.