bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist‐mediated cognitive improvement in a mouse model of Alzheimer's type: possible involvement of BDNF‐H2S‐Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Chen Li , Shi Rui , She Xia , Gu Chaochao , Chong Li , Zhang Lina , Li Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study explored the role and mechanisms of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in β‐amyloid (Aβ)‐induced cognitive impairment. A single intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1‐42 was given to mice, and after 14 days of injection, memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze test. Spironolactone (25 and 50 mg/kg) and eplerenone (50 and 100 mg/kg) were administered for two days before and for 14 days after Aβ injection. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers attenuated Aβ‐induced cognitive impairment assessed in terms of decrease in day 4 escape latency time (ELT) in comparison to day 1 ELT (suggesting an increase in learning) along with an increase in time spent in target quadrant on day 5 (suggesting the retrieval of learned things). These drugs also increased the expression of BDNF, H2S, Nrf2, reduced glutathione, and decreased β‐amyloid and TNF‐α in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Co‐administration of ANA‐12, BDNF receptor antagonist (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) abolished cognitive improving functions of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, attenuated H2S, Nrf2, reduced glutathione, and decreased β‐amyloid and TNF‐α. It is concluded that spironolactone andeplerenone attenuate cognitive decline of Alzheimer's type, possibly through upregulation of BDNF levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, which may increase H2S, decrease Aβ, activate Nrf2‐dependent antioxidant system, and decrease neuroinflammation.
Hif‐1alpha stabilisation is protective against infection in zebrafish comorbid models
Authors: Schild Yves , Mohamed Abdirizak , Wootton Edward J. , Lewis Amy , Elks Philip M. 
Published: June 2020

Multi‐drug‐resistant tuberculosis is a worldwide problem, and there is an urgent need for host‐derived therapeutic targets, circumventing emerging drug resistance. We have previously shown that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (Hif‐1α) stabilisation helps the host to clear mycobacterial infection via neutrophil activation. However, Hif‐1α stabilisation has also been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases caused by prolonged neutrophilic inflammation. Comorbid infection and inflammation can be found together in disease settings, and it remains unclear whether Hif‐1α stabilisation would be beneficial in a holistic disease setting. Here, we set out to understand the effects of Hif‐1α on neutrophil behaviour in a comorbid setting by combining two well‐characterisedin vivozebrafish models – TB infection (Mycobacterium marinuminfection) and sterile injury (tailfin transection). Using a local Mm infection near to the tailfin wound site caused neutrophil migration between the two sites that was reduced during Hif‐1α stabilisation. During systemic Mm infection, wounding leads to increased infection burden, but the protective effect of Hif‐1α stabilisation remains. Our data indicate that Hif‐1α stabilisation alters neutrophil migration dynamics between comorbid sites and that the protective effect of Hif‐1α against Mm is maintained in the presence of inflammation, highlighting its potential as a host‐derived target against TB infection.
Informativeness of mutual fund advertisements: Does advertising communicate fund quality to investors?
Authors: Obaid Khaled , Pukthuanthong Kuntara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe uncover a positive relation between advertising expenditures and skill in the mutual fund industry. Motivated by economic signaling models, we find that funds advertising in magazines outperform their peers by 83 basis points in the subsequent year. We determine that the performance differential between advertising and nonadvertising funds is largest when investment opportunities are high and persists for 36 months. Generally, the positive relation between advertising expenditures and future fund flows is not sensitive to the content of the advertisements and is strongest when investor attention is high.
Cambio tecnológico y empleo en el Brasil, Colombia y México: ¿Qué trabajadores son los más afectados?
Authors: ARIZA John , RAYMOND BARA Josep Lluís 
Published: June 2020

ResumenA partir de un enfoque basado en tareas se analizan los patrones de empleo ocupacionales y de calificación en los mercados laborales urbanos del Brasil, Colombia y México entre 2002 y 2015. Se observa una fuerte disminución del empleo en ocupaciones de calificación media y un ligero aumento en las de baja y alta calificación. Según una descomposición shift‐share, la disminución se explica por cambios intrasectoriales (hipótesis de rutinización) en ciertos casos (secretarios y taquígrafos), y por cambios intersectoriales en otros (artesanos y operadores de máquinas). Los cambios tecnológicos afectaron negativamente a las mujeres y beneficiaron a los jóvenes y a los más calificados.
Multichannel retailing and price competition
Authors: Karray Salma , Sigué Simon Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate the profitability of multichannel retailing for competing offline retailers. Each firm can sell a product both offline and online in a position of a first mover or follower in the online market. We find that, depending on the online market size and price competition levels across channels and retailers, the adoption of multichannel retailing may or may not enhance an offline retailer's profits in the first‐mover position. If one retailer profitably expands online, the second can also improve its profit by introducing another online channel to the detriment of the pioneer. However, when offline retailers are given the possibility of selecting an equilibrium channel mix, multichannel retailing could be adopted strategically by the two retailers to maintain their market shares, resulting in a prisoner's dilemma situation. In such a context, it drives down retail prices, increases sales, and reduces the profits of the two competing retailers.
Impacts of Coal Resource Development on Surface Water Quality in a Multi‐jurisdictional Watershed in the Western United States
Authors: Bulltail Grace , Walter M. Todd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on water quality and quantity impacts from natural resource development on watersheds originating on Crow tribal lands in southeastern Montana. Field research analysis will focus on the surface water quality in three adjacent watersheds. This study will determine impacts to water quality from reclaimed coal mine spoils surface runoff and produced water discharge from coal bed methane wells within the watersheds. A secondary research objective is to determine a baseline assessment of surface water in watersheds prior to proposed mine development, particularly on tribally owned and allotted tracts. Historical data from state agencies will also be compared to data collected within watersheds on tribal lands. Water quality impacts from mining development may be more pronounced than that of coal bed methane as the reclaimed mining sites have demonstrated lasting impacts on the nearby surface water quality in the study area. Historical and current samples have demonstrated increased sodium absorption ratio and sodium levels downstream of a mine site in a tributary to the primary watershed. A sample from a pond in another reclaimed mine site contained the highest sodium adsorption ratio levels of all surface water samples. Coal bed methane development impacts may have been transient in the primary watershed surface water based on sample results. Historical oil and gas development appears to be impacting surface water quality within the southernmost watershed. Analysis has shown the increasing degradation of water quality in watersheds downstream and across the state boundary of Montana into Wyoming where natural resource development has occurred.
Unregulated and Emerging Contaminants in Tribal Water
Authors: Conroy‐Ben Otakuye , Crowder Emily 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmerging contaminants in Tribal water have been unexplored until implementation of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) campaigns, which mandated the analysis of up to 30 new contaminants in drinking water every five years. As additions to the Safe Water Drinking Act (SDWA), the UCMR1 – 3 were created to assess contaminants which have not yet been assigned a maximum contaminant level (MCL) but may be regulated in the future to protect human health. While a handful of Tribes (n = 6) participated in UCMR1, public water systems (PWS) within reservation boundaries were intentionally included in representative nation‐wide sampling beginning with UCMR2 after a period of Tribal consultation. Still, less than 3% of Tribal PWS were surveyed. The results from UCMR2 revealed that samples from all surveyed Tribal PWS fell below the method detection limits. Target analytes shifted to metals, perfluorinated chemicals, hormones, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dioxane, and chlorate under UCMR3. Detectable levels of metals (chromium, hexavalent chromium, strontium, and vanadium), chlorate, and dioxane were observed, and in some cases, at concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) recommended health reference limit (HRL). The presence of elevated levels of vanadium, strontium, 1,4‐dioxane, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and chlorate defines a new set of emerging contaminants that needs to be considered with regards to risk, reporting and monitoring, and water treatment in Tribal drinking water.
Simplified melting rate correlation for radioactive waste vitrification in electric furnaces
Authors: Lee SeungMin , Ferkl Pavel , Pokorny Richard , Klouzek Jaroslav , Hrma Pavel , Eaton William C. , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA recently proposed glass melting rate correlation (MRC) equation expresses an essential relationship between the melting rate and material and process variables (melt viscosity, cold‐cap bottom temperature, feed‐to‐glass conversion heat, melter operating temperature, and bubbling flux). It agreed well with data for high‐level waste (HLW) melter feeds processed in an electric melter. However, the nonlinear form and four coefficients made the original MRC somewhat cumbersome for representing existing data sets. Introducing new variables (glass melt density and depth of melt pool) makes the new MRC more broadly applicable. Also, reducing the number of coefficients to two simplifies it substantially. The simplified generalized MRC demonstrates good agreement with an extended data set encompassing additional melter feeds and melter sizes.
Comparison study of static and alternating magnetic field treatments on the quality preservation effect of cherry tomato at low temperature
Authors: Yang Zhao , Zhang Lei , Zhao Songsong , Luo Na , Deng Qiujia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) and alternating magnetic field (AMF) treatment on thermophysical property and preservation quality of cherry tomato. Freshly harvested cherry tomatoes were treated with SMF and AMF at 40 Gs and 80 Gs when hydrocooling pretreatment was performed at 2°C for 30 min. Control tomato fruits were hydrocooled without magnetic field treatment at 2°C for 30 min. The cooling rate, weight loss, color difference, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde, and catalase were measured. The results showed that the cooling time of SMF treatment was decreased by 16.7% compared with the control treatment. SMF and AMF treatments significantly (p < .05) increased catalase activity and improved the quality of cherry tomatoes during storage. AMF strength at 80 Gs, was the best treatment for reducing weight loss and increasing catalase activity, while the smallest color difference was observed when the SMF at 40 Gs was applied. The results demonstrated that SMF is an alternative method to delay the postharvest ripening process and maintaining the quality of the cherry tomato, which could be due to the higher activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase.Practical applicationsThe main aim of this study was to compare the effects of SMF and AMF treatment on the preservation quality of cherry tomato. The results demonstrated that magnetic field technology could be applied to fruit and vegetable preservation, and SMF treatment was more helpful to inhibit the ripening of the cherry tomato. This study will broaden the knowledge of food preservation engineers and provide an alternative technology of fruit and vegetable preservation. The parameters used in this study can provide a reference for the development of commercial equipment.
No Job, No Money, No Refi: Frictions to Refinancing in a Recession
Authors: DEFUSCO ANTHONY A. , MONDRAGON JOHN 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWe study how employment documentation requirements and out‐of‐pocket closing costs constrain mortgage refinancing. These frictions, which bind most severely during recessions, may significantly inhibit monetary policy pass‐through. To study their effects on refinancing, we exploit a Federal Housing Administration policy change that excluded unemployed borrowers from refinancing and increased others' out‐of‐pocket costs substantially. These changes dramatically reduced refinancing rates, particularly among the likely unemployed and those facing new out‐of‐pocket costs. Our results imply that unemployed and liquidity‐constrained borrowers have a high latent demand for refinancing. Cyclical variation in these factors may therefore affect both the aggregate and distributional consequences of monetary policy.
Pravastatin for preeclampsia: From animal to human
Authors: Kumasawa Keiichi , Iriyama Takayuki , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreeclampsia is characterized by the emergence of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy, and it threatens both maternal and fetal lives if it proceeds unabated. Despite numerous studies, thus far the only fundamental therapy for preeclampsia is termination of pregnancy, leading to preterm birth. Furthermore, preeclamptic women are reported to be at risk for cardiovascular diseases for 10 years after delivery. Therefore, preventative and therapeutic strategies for preeclampsia are required. Recently, statins have been reported to improve the regeneration of vascular endothelium, and pravastatin has attracted attention as a potential preventative or therapeutic candidate for preeclampsia. Pravastatin has been demonstrated to have preventative effects in preeclampsia model mice, and a large volume of human data from pregnant women taking statins supports the safety of these drugs. Moreover, small clinical trials have reported that pravastatin has strong preventative or therapeutic effects on preeclampsia and it has the potential to improve the prognosis of pregnant women, fetuses and neonates affected by this condition.
A home‐based multidisciplinary programme for Down syndrome adults with muscular temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Sena Letícia da Silva , Palma Luiz Felipe , Marques Sérgio Ricardo , Sanches Monique Lalue , de Moraes Luís Otávio Carvalho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Down syndrome (DS) present functional and anatomical alterations that may negatively impact their health and quality of life. Down syndrome patients have been shown to have a high prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), but little is known about the diagnosis, treatment and prevention in these individuals.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a home‐based multidisciplinary programme on muscular TMD in DS adults.MethodsAfter being diagnosed with TMD‐related masticatory muscle disorder, 20 adult men and 20 adult women with DS received an educational material with instructions on how to perform daily home facial self‐massage and exercises for orofacial and masticatory muscles. Participants were also provided with educational information on TMD. Those who failed to perform at least 50% of the programme (23 days) were considered non‐adherent. Oral parafunctional behaviours, facial pressure‐pain threshold and maximum mouth opening were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.ResultsTwenty‐five patients adhered to the programme as opposed to 15 non‐adherent patients. Statistically significant improvements in all parameters were observed among adherent patients, except for the number of parafunctions.ConclusionThe proposed home‐based multidisciplinary programme seemed to be effective in improving some aspects related to muscular TMD in DS adults.
Water and Food restriction decreases immunoreactivity of oestrogen receptor alpha and antioxidant activity in testes of sexually mature Coturnix coturnix japonica
Authors: Baghel Kalpana , Niranjan Mukesh K. , Srivastava Rashmi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFood and water are closely associated with reproductive willingness in vertebrates. These are important for animals and their non‐availability act as stressors which decrease sex steroid secretion suppressing reproductive behaviour. Oestrogen plays a crucial role in reproduction via its receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). This study tested the hypothesis that ERα in testes of male Japanese quail is regulated during water and food deprivations. The present study reveals that both water and food deprivations cause oxidative stress and subsequently decrease catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, while these increase malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Both deprivations reduce plasma oestradiol whereas elevate corticosterone level. The immunofluorescent localization of ERα in the testes occurs predominantly in the seminiferous tubules of control while reduces after both food and water deprivations. All types of spermatogenic cells were seen in control testis, while after water and food deprivations size of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic cells population decreased. Scanning electron microscopic study exhibited fully mature sperms in clusters with head and elongated flagellum, whereas after water deprivation maximum sperms were distorted, scattered with highly reduced head. On food deprivation, only few sperms were seen with head and tail. Thus, taking into account the localization of ERα in testis, it is obvious that oestrogens produced locally are involved in regulation of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis during stress.
Care quality and outcomes among US veterans with chronic hepatitis B in the hepatitis C direct‐acting antiviral era
Authors: Kaplan David E. , Medvedeva Elina , Serper Marina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdherence to guideline‐recommended hepatitis B virus (HBV) care is suboptimal. We hypothesized that national hepatitis C eradication efforts during the era from 2015 to 2017 would improve the quality of care for cHBV given increased recognition and specialty referrals for liver disease. The study described herein is a retrospective cohort study of veterans with at least one positive HBsAg (HBsAg+) result from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2017 using the VA Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) analysed by era (2003‐2004, 2005‐2009, 2010‐2014, 2015‐2017). Relevant covariates such as HCV co‐infection, demographics, cirrhosis and baseline laboratory testing were obtained through previously validated approaches. We evaluated completion of process measures within 2 years of the index HBsAg + result: specialty care referral; testing of ALT, HBV‐DNA, HBeAg and anti‐HBe; testing for co‐infection and/or vaccination for HAV, HCV, HDV and HIV; and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance among those meeting criteria. We also measured use of antiviral therapy in appropriate candidates (ALT ≥ 2 × ULN, HBV‐DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL). Of the 16 673 individuals with HBsAg + test results, 9,521 were confirmed as chronic HBV. Era‐related (Era 3:2010‐2014 vs Era 4:2015‐2017) increases in guideline‐recommended process measures included the following: outpatient visits with GI/ID specialists (78%‐89%), HBV‐DNA testing (73%‐79%), HDV testing (27%‐35%), appropriate HBV antiviral utilization (55%‐70%) and HCC surveillance (40%‐43%); all P < .0001. In the subset of HBV/HCV‐co‐infected patients, HCV DAA therapy was associated with a trend towards improved overall survival. In conclusion, the overall quality of care for HBV has significantly improved in the era of widespread HCV DAA therapy in an integrated health system possibly due to increased recognition and referral for liver disease.
Physiologic effects of furosemide in combination with water restriction when administered at 4 and 24 hours prior to high‐intensity treadmill training
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Wilson W. David , Vale Alina , Kass Philip H. , Steffey Eugene P. , Jones James H. , Arthur Rick M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough controversial, due to its reported effectiveness in attenuating bleeding associated with exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), furosemide is currently a permitted race day medication in most North American racing jurisdictions. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of furosemide in reducing the presence and severity of EIPH when administered 24 hr prior to strenuous treadmill exercise. Eight exercised Thoroughbred horses received saline or 250 mg of furosemide either 4 or 24 hr prior to high‐speed treadmill exercise in a balanced 3‐way cross‐over design. Blood samples were collected for determination of furosemide, lactate, hemoglobin, blood gas, and electrolyte concentrations. Heart rate and pulmonary arterial pressure were measured throughout the run and endoscopic examination and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed. Horses were assigned an EIPH score and the number of red blood cells in BAL fluid determined. Although not significantly different, endoscopic EIPH scores were lower in the 4‐hr versus the 24‐hr and saline groups. RBC counts were not significantly different between the treatment groups. Pulmonary arterial pressures were significantly increased at higher speeds; however, there were no significant differences between dose groups when controlling for speed. A small sample size and unknown bleeding history warrant a larger‐scale study.