bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living alone vs. living with someone as a predictor of mortality after a bone fracture in older age
Authors: Koivunen Kaisa , Sillanpää Elina , von Bonsdorff Mikaela , Sakari Ritva , Pynnönen Katja , Rantanen Taina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Living alone is a risk factor for health decline in old age, especially when facing adverse events increasing vulnerability.

Aim
We examined whether living alone is associated with higher post-fracture mortality risk.

Methods
Participants were 190 men and 409 women aged 75 or 80 years at baseline. Subsequent fracture incidence and mortality were followed up for 15 years. Extended Cox regression analysis was used to compare the associations between living arrangements and mortality risk during the first post-fracture year and during the non-fracture time. All participants contributed to the non-fracture state until a fracture occurred or until death/end of follow-up if they did not sustain a fracture. Participants who sustained a fracture during the follow-up returned to the non-fracture state 1 year after the fracture unless they died or were censored due to end of follow-up.

Results
Altogether, 22% of men and 40% of women sustained a fracture. During the first post-fracture year, mortality risk was over threefold compared to non-fracture time but did not differ by living arrangement. In women, living alone was associated with lower mortality risk during non-fracture time, but the association attenuated after adjustment for self-rated health. In men, living alone was associated with increased mortality risk during non-fracture time, although not significantly.

Conclusion
The results suggest that living alone is not associated with pronounced mortality risk after a fracture compared to living with someone.
Teaching Youth to Resist Abuse: Evaluation of a Strengths-Based Child Maltreatment Curriculum for High School Students
Authors: Diaz Marisol J. , Wolfersteig Wendy , Moreland Diane , Yoder Grant , Dustman Patricia , Harthun Mary L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChild maltreatment (CM) is a serious and prevalent public health problem in the United States (U.S.) yet programming to combat the issue often overlooks high school aged youth (those aged 14–17). In 2017, over 90,000 youth in the U.S. experienced CM during their high school years (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2019). This manuscript will highlight the importance of prevention programs for youth affected by child maltreatment and report the findings of a pilot study that examined the effectiveness of the Childhelp Speak Up Be Safe Prevention Education Curriculum among high school students. The purpose of the pilot study was to determine if the revised and expanded curriculum for grades 9–12 was feasible and to examine the validity of the new survey items, including the RESIST strategy questions. The pilot study utilized a two-phase non-probability convenience sample to evaluate high school student gains in knowledge of safety related resistance strategies. High school students (N = 269) attending one urban charter public high school (grades 9–12) in the Southwest who completed pre- and post-survey RESIST strategy items participated in the pilot. The results indicated that students receiving the Childhelp Speak Up Be Safe Prevention Education Curriculum increased their identification and knowledge of safety related resistance strategies.
Investigation of the track width-dependent melt pool characteristics during laser-sintering of polyamide 12 in correlation to various focus diameters
Authors: Meyer Lars , Witt Gerd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFactors such as not only costs, production time, reproducibility, but also the quality of the components are decisive factors in assessing the economic efficiency of a manufacturing process. With additive manufacturing processes, component production is made possible directly from a 3D CAD model. This means that small series and prototypes can already be produced economically today. In this area, the laser-sintering process, in particular, offers great potential for series production due to its high strength values and ductility. With laser-sintering systems that allow an optical widening of the laser focus, a faster exposure of the component and thus a shortening of the building time is possible. We developed a laser-sintering system whose laser focus diameter is adjustable in its cross-sectional area from 0.47 to 2 mm. The goal for the future is to produce large-area components significantly faster by widening the focus diameter, thus making laser-sintering more productive. In this paper, the focus-dependent melt pool formation is examined in correlation to different hatch distances during the laser-sintering of polyamide 12. For this purpose, a test specimen was developed which can display single tracks as well as a multitude of different track widths for all feasible focus level variations. This knowledge is required to determine and investigate the track width-dependent melt pool formation as a function of the focal diameter of the component cross sections.
Digitization modeling of a CGEM detector based on Garfield++ simulation
Authors: Zhao Jing-Yi , Miao Nan-Nan , Wu Ling-Hui , Wang Liang-Liang , Sun Tong , Huang Zhen , Mitchell Ryan , Li Wei-Guo , Liu Huai-Min , Lou Xin-Chou , Sun Sheng-Sen , Yuan Ye , Zhang Yao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) is one of the candidates for the replacement of the current BESIII inner drift chamber, which has developed serious aging effects due to beam-related backgrounds.

Purpose
To build a full digitization model, it is necessary to understand the electron drift behavior and signal induction.

Methods
A simulation study based on Garfield++ and ANSYS software has been performed.

Results
Parameters describing the Lorentz angle, diffusion effect, drift time, multiplication, and induction are obtained from the Garfield++ simulation. Based on these results, a preliminary digitization model is implemented in the BESIII offline software system.
Improving community participation in clinical and translational research: CTSA Sentinel Network proof of concept study
Authors: Varma Deepthi S. , Strelnick Alvin H. , Bennett Nancy , Piechowski Patricia , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Cottler Linda B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:Research participation by members of racial or ethnic minority groups continues to be less than optimum resulting in difficulties to generalization of research findings. Community-engaged research that relies on a community health worker (CHW) model has been found effective in building trust in the community, thereby motivating people to participate in health research. The Sentinel Network study aimed at testing the feasibility of utilizing the CHW model to link community members to appropriate health research studies at each of the research sites.Methods:The study was conducted at six Clinical and Translational Science Award institutions (N= 2371) across the country; 733 (30.9%) of the participants were from the University of Florida, 525 (22.0%) were from Washington University in St. Louis, 421 (17.8%) were from the University of California, Davis, 288 (12.1%) were from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 250 (10.5%) were from Rochester, and 154 (6.5%) from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Trained CHWs from each of these sites conducted regular community outreach where they administered a Health Needs Assessment, provided medical and social referrals, and linked to eligible research studies at each of those sites. A 30-day follow-up assessment was developed to track utilization of services satisfaction with the services and research study participation.Results:A large majority of people, especially African Americans, expressed willingness to participate in research studies. The top two health concerns reported by participants were hypertension and diabetes.Conclusion:Findings on the rate of navigation and enrollment in research from this study indicate the effectiveness of a hybrid CHW service and research model of directly engaging community members to encourage people to participate in research.
Value Constraining or Value Enabling? The Impact of Business Group Affiliation on Post-Acquisition Performance by Emerging Market Firms
Authors: Popli Manish , Ladkani Radha Mukesh 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTLiterature has advanced two contrasting theoretical perspectives related to the governance structure of business groups: the ‘value-constraining’ perspective, which focuses on principal–principal agency conflict and organizational inertia theory, and the ‘value-enabling’ perspective, which emphasizes the role of business groups in mitigation of institutional voids. Building on these two competing lenses, we develop hypotheses to examine post-acquisition performance of affiliate firms relative to stand-alone firms. As our empirical context, we study 440 majority-stake, domestic and cross-border merger and acquisition deals closed by Indian firms during the period 2002–2013. The results imply that in emerging markets, despite concerns of organizational inertia and principal–principal agency issues, the value-enabling impact of group affiliation persists. We also examine the contextual impact of intergroup heterogeneity owing to group diversification on post-acquisition performance and find that greater group diversification leads to better performance for affiliate acquirers.
Autistic traits in psychotic disorders: prevalence, familial risk, and impact on social functioning
Authors: Ziermans Tim B. , Schirmbeck Frederike , Oosterwijk Floor , Geurts Hilde M. , de Haan Lieuwe ,   Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence estimates of autistic traits in individuals with psychotic disorders (PD) vary greatly and it is unclear whether individuals with a familial risk (FR) for psychosis have an increased propensity to display autistic traits. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the presence of comorbid autism traits disproportionally affects the cognitive and behavioral aspects of social functioning in PD.MethodsIn total, 504 individuals with PD, 587 unaffected siblings with FR, and 337 typical comparison (TC) individuals (16–50 years) were included. Autistic and psychotic traits were measured with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Social cognition was assessed with the Picture Sequencing Task (PST) and social behavior with the Social Functioning Scale (SFS).ResultsFor PD 6.5% scored above AQ clinical cut-off (⩾32), 1.0% for FR, and 1.2% for TC. After accounting for age, sex, and IQ, the PD group showed significantly more autistic traits and alterations in social behavior and cognition, while FR and TC only displayed marginal differences. Within the PD group autistic traits were a robust predictor of social behavior and there were no interactions with positive psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsLevels of autistic traits are substantially elevated in PD and have a profoundly negative association with social functioning. In contrast, autistic traits above the clinical cut-off are not elevated in those with FR, and only marginally on a dimensional level. These findings warrant specific clinical guidelines for psychotic patients who present themselves with autistic comorbidity to help address their social needs.
Prosody and grammar of other-repetitions in Finnish: Repair initiations, registerings, and affectivity
Authors: Stevanovic Melisa , Hakulinen Auli , Vatanen Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examine how other-repetitions in Finnish are used for repairing interactional problems in hearing and understanding and for registering what another has just said, describing how prosody and grammar interact in accomplishing these goals. In the repair-initiating repetitions, the pitch contours build a continuum of different degrees of falling pitch from moderate to steep, the latter being associated with some type of an affective stance. In the registering repetitions, the pitch fall is generally narrower than in the repair-initiations, the pitch span of the repetition turn typically matching that of the original turn. A notable feature of other-repetitions in Finnish is the use of particles (mostlyaiandvai), which deal specifically with the informational aspects of other-repetitions, thus contributing to the design of both repair-initiating and registering repetitions. The article illustrates the complex layering of actions that Finnish as a ‘particle language’ affords. (Conversation analysis, other-repetition, prosody, grammar, Finnish, repair, registering, affectivity, response particle)
A heretical view: rather than a solely placental protective function, placental 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 also provides substrate for fetal peripheral cortisol synthesis in obese pregnant ewes
Authors: Ghnenis Adel B. , Odhiambo John F. , Smith Ashley M. , Pankey Chris L. , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Ford Stephen P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExposure to glucocorticoid levels higher than appropriate for current developmental stages induces offspring metabolic dysfunction. Overfed/obese (OB) ewes and their fetuses display elevated blood cortisol, while fetal Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) remains unchanged. We hypothesized that OB pregnancies would show increased placental 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) that converts maternal cortisol to fetal cortisone as it crosses the placenta and increased 11β-HSD system components responsible for peripheral tissue cortisol production, providing a mechanism for ACTH-independent increase in circulating fetal cortisol. Control ewes ate 100% National Research Council recommendations (CON) and OB ewes ate 150% CON diet from 60 days before conception until necropsy at day 135 gestation. At necropsy, maternal jugular and umbilical venous blood, fetal liver, perirenal fat, and cotyledonary tissues were harvested. Maternal plasma cortisol and fetal cortisol and cortisone were measured. Fetal liver, perirenal fat, cotyledonary 11β-HSD1, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD), and 11β-HSD2 protein abundance were determined by Western blot. Maternal plasma cortisol, fetal plasma cortisol, and cortisone were higher in OB vs. CON (p < 0.01). 11β-HSD2 protein was greater (p < 0.05) in OB cotyledonary tissue than CON. 11β-HSD1 abundance increased (p < 0.05) in OB vs. CON fetal liver and perirenal fat. Fetal H6PD, an 11β-HSD1 cofactor, also increased (p < 0.05) in OB vs. CON perirenal fat and tended to be elevated in OB liver (p < 0.10). Our data provide evidence for increased 11β-HSD system components responsible for peripheral tissue cortisol production in fetal liver and adipose tissue, thereby providing a mechanism for an ACTH-independent increase in circulating fetal cortisol in OB fetuses.
The Role of Urban Growth in Resilience of Communities Under Flood Risk
Authors: Hemmati Mona , Ellingwood Bruce R. , Mahmoud Hussam N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFlood risk to urban communities is increasing significantly as a result of the integrated effects of climate change and socioeconomic development. The latter effect is one of the main drivers of rising flood risk has received less attention in comparison to climate change. Economic development and population growth are major causes of urban expansion in flood‐prone areas, and a comprehensive understanding of the impact of urban growth on flood risk is an essential ingredient of effective flood risk management. At the same time, planning for community resilience has become a national and worldwide imperative in recent years. Enhancements to community resilience require well‐integrated and enormous long‐term public and private investments. Accordingly, comprehensive urban growth plans should take rising flood risk into account to ensure future resilient communities through careful collaboration between engineers, geologists, socialists, economists, and urban planners within the framework of life‐cycle analysis. This paper highlights the importance of including urban growth in accurate future flood risk assessment and how planning for future urbanization should include measurement science‐based strategies in developing policies to achieve more resilient communities.
Post Middle Miocene Tectonomagmatic and Stratigraphic Evolution of the Victoria Land Basin, West Antarctica
Authors: Wenman Christopher P. , Harry Dennis L. , Jha Sumant 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeismic reflection and borehole data are used to create structure maps of four regional and three local unconformities that constrain the post middle Miocene evolution of the Victoria Land Basin (VLB), which is located in the western Ross Sea within the Late Cretaceous through Quaternary West Antarctic Rift System. Isochore maps of the strata between unconformities show that rifting was mostly amagmatic between 12 to 7.6 Ma, with subsidence controlled by faults bordering the northwest margin of the basin and in a tectonic zone along the southern basin axis known as the Terror Rift. Depocenters surrounding volcanic features in strata younger than 4.3 Ma indicate an increasing influence of flexure due to volcanic loading on the subsidence pattern in the southern VLB after this time. The intervening period, from 7.6 to 4.3 Ma, was a transitional period during which both extensional tectonism and magmatism exerted strong influences on basin morphology. Since 4.3 Ma, a series of flexural subbasins formed successively at different times and positions as the different volcanic centers that built Ross Island erupted. In composite, these subbasins form a flexural moat surrounding Ross Island and smaller volcanic centers immediately to the north. The widths of these basins indicate that the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere ranges from 0.20 × 1019 to 12.96 × 1019 N‐m (elastic thickness 0.6 to 2.4 km).
Observed Emergence of the Climate Change Signal: From the Familiar to the Unknown
Authors: Hawkins E. , Frame D. , Harrington L. , Joshi M. , King A. , Rojas M. , Sutton R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChanges in climate are usually considered in terms of trends or differences over time. However, for many impacts requiring adaptation, it is the amplitude of the change relative to the local amplitude of climate variability which is more relevant. Here, we develop the concept of “signal‐to‐noise” in observations of local temperature, highlighting that many regions are already experiencing a climate which would be “unknown” by late 19th century standards. The emergence of observed temperature changes over both land and ocean is clearest in tropical regions, in contrast to the regions of largest change which are in the northern extratropics—broadly consistent with climate model simulations. Significant increases and decreases in rainfall have also already emerged in different regions with the United Kingdom experiencing a shift toward more extreme rainfall events, a signal which is emerging more clearly in some places than the changes in mean rainfall.
A Large Ensemble Approach to Quantifying Internal Model Variability Within the WRF Numerical Model
Authors: Bassett R. , Young P. J. , Blair G. S. , Samreen F. , Simm W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) community model is widely used to explore cross‐scale atmospheric features. Although WRF uncertainty studies exist, these usually involve ensembles where different physics options are selected (e.g., the boundary layer scheme) or adjusting individual parameters. Uncertainty from perturbing initial conditions, which generates internal model variability (IMV), has rarely been considered. Moreover, many off‐line WRF research studies generate conclusions based on a single model run without addressing any form of uncertainty. To demonstrate the importance of IMV, or noise, we present a 4‐month case study of summer 2018 over London, UK, using a 244‐member initial condition ensemble. Simply by changing the model start time, a median 2‐m temperature range or IMV of 1.2 °C was found (occasionally exceeding 8 °C). During our analysis, episodes of high and low IMV were found for all variables explored, explained by a relationship with the boundary condition data. Periods of slower wind speed input contained increased IMV, and vice versa, which we hypothesis is related to how strongly the boundary conditions influence the nested region. We also show the importance of IMV effects for the uncertainty of derived variables like the urban heat island, whose median variation in magnitude is 1 °C. Finally, a realistic ensemble size to capture the majority of WRF IMV is also estimated, essential considering the high computational overheads (244 members equaled 140,000 CPU hours). We envisage that highlighting considerable IMV in this repeatable manner will help advance best practices for the WRF and wider regional climate modeling community.
Cloud and Precipitation Properties of MCSs Along the Meiyu Frontal Zone in Central and Southern China and Their Associated Large‐Scale Environments
Authors: Cui Wenjun , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Liu Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on investigating the cloud and precipitation features of Meiyu mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and their relation to the large‐scale environments in central and southern China using satellite observations and reanalysis data during the period 2014–2018. MCSs from two different locations, the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) and Southern China (SC), are examined separately. The Meiyu MCSs have a mean precipitation rate of 3.6 mm/hr and contribute 20% to 60% of the total precipitation during the Meiyu period. The diurnal cycle of Meiyu MCSs shows a maximum precipitation amount in the morning, which is associated with the enhanced nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) overnight. Although the synoptic setups in YRB and SC are found to be similar when normalized around the MCS initiation locations, MCSs exhibit some differences in terms of the cloud top height, precipitation rate, and duration, which are likely by the differences in the local forcing. Large interannual variations are found in MCSs' number, cloud size, lifetime, and rainfall intensity, which is found to be associated with the interannual variabilities in the large‐scale environments. By comparing the large‐scale environments with climatological mean states, we find that the year with the most intense MCS activity during the study period is characterized by an intensified southwesterly LLJ, which increases the moisture transport from the Indian Ocean and an enhancement of the midtropospheric westerly jet, which induces adiabatic ascent along the Meiyu front, creating more favorable conditions for convection.