bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Preferable Smart Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Dhulipala Prasad , Wyatt Melanie , Armstrong Charles 
Published: January 2020

The oil and gas industry uses chemicals like acids and oxidizers as polymer breakers in hydraulic fracturing and triazene and glyoxal for H2S mitigation. In addition to serving the intended purpose, the chemicals cause secondary effects like non-specific oxidation, acid corrosion, precipitation and danger to oil field personal. We present novel, environmentally preferable chemistries to address various issues in the oil and gas industry.
The studies using -Mannanase HT enzyme as polymer breaker showed breaking of cross-linked guar polymers at elevated pH (7-12) and temperature ( 175°F) ranges. Chlorophyll-treated cross-linked fluids showed more than 90% viscosity reduction. The chlorophyll worked efficiently up to 250°F, but the optimum temperatures are at 175 to 200°F. The chlorophyll treatment also showed a reduction of molecular weights of a linear polymer from 1,472,000 to 6,000. Further, H2S mitigation was addressed using a novel recombinant Sulfide Quinone Reductase enzyme (SQR). Functional studies conducted by treatment of soured brine and oil revealed 72% and 90% reduction in H2S concentration, respectively. The scavenger showed 75% reduction of sulfide in simulated mixed production samples containing a 30:70 ratio of brine to oil. Field testing of SQR showed a reduction of headspace sulfide from 400 ppm to 2 ppm and BS&W values less than 0.5%.
These studies confirm that this novel biotechnology based environmentally preferable tools can be successfully used to break polymers and mitigate H2S in various systems. Further, the biotechnology solutions have several advantages such as meeting environmental regulations, reducing, or eliminating secondary effects and health hazards that are associated with current chemical treatments.
Comparative Analysis Between Different Artificial Based Models for Predicting Static Poisson’s Ratio of Sandstone Formations
Authors: Gowida Ahmed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Moussa Tamer 
Published: January 2020

The mechanical behavior of the rocks can greatly assist in optimizing the drilling operation and well completion design. This behavior can be expressed in terms of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Reliable Poisson’s ratio values can be estimated experimentally from core measurements however this method consumes time and economically ineffective.
This study involved the development of two models using neural networks (ANN) and fuzzy logic to estimate static Poisson’s ratio (PRstatic) of sandstone rocks based on the conventional well-log data including bulk density and sonic log data. The models are developed using 692 of actual data core data and the corresponding logging data. The models are optimized after several runs of the different combinations of the available tuning parameters.
The results showed that the neural network model outperformed the model developed using the fuzzy logic tool and yielded a great match with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.98 and AAPE of 1.5% between the predicted and measured PRstatic values. The developed ANN-based model is then validated using unseen data from another well within the field to estimate PRstatic over a certain interval. The validation process results showed a significant agreement with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.95 between the predicted PRstatic values and the actual measured ones. The results demonstrated the ability of the developed model to provide a continuous profile of static Poisson’s ratio (PRstatic) whenever the petrophysical logging data are available.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Lift Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm for a Middle East Oil Field: Feasibility Study
Authors: AlJuboori Mustafa , Hossain Mofazzal , Al-Fatlawi Omar , Kabir Akim , Radhi Abbas 
Published: January 2020

Gas-lift technique plays an important role in sustaining oil production, especially from a mature field when the reservoirs’ natural energy becomes insufficient. However, optimally allocation of the gas injection rate in a large field through its gas-lift network system towards maximization of oil production rate is a challenging task. The conventional gas-lift optimization problems may become inefficient and incapable of modelling the gas-lift optimization in a large network system with problems associated with multi-objective, multi-constrained, and limited gas injection rate. The key objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of utilizing the Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique to optimize the allocation of the continuous gas-lift injection rate in a network system of a Middle Eastern oil field with 43 gas-lift injected wells through numerical modelling and simulation studies. Reservoir pressure and water cut sensitivity studies are performed to investigate the potential impacts of these parameters on well production performance and production life cycle of the field. Sample economics analysis are exercised to broaden the understanding of potential benefit of the implementation gas lift techniques in the field from both technical and economic viewpoint.
In addition, while application of GA is not a new idea, this paper elaborates the GA based optimization techniques for improving the oil production rate by implementing gas lift in a large Middle Eastern oil field. The optimization model is presented step by step, so it can easily be followed, and be used as a guide, especially by frontline production engineers involved in designing and development of gas-lift system towards optimally allocation of gas injection rate to individual well in a network system for a field with limited gas injection rate.
Fiber Optics Leak Detection Systems Performance Evaluation for Detection of Pinhole Leaks in Above-Ground and Buried Pipelines Under Multiphase Flow
Authors: Velarde Salvador Alejandro Ruvalcaba , Hernandez Jose Luis Rodulfo , Karande Dadasaheb 
Published: January 2020

Providing quick response time and accurate detection of small leaks in multiphase pipelines is of great importance for risk mitigation in the oil and gas industry. The emphasis of implementing state-of-the-art technologies to mitigate both safety and environmental risks in the field becomes of particular importance as aging pipelines transport sour hydrocarbon products crossing populated areas. Fiber Optics Leak Detection Systems (FOLDS) have the capability to detect small pinhole leaks even in multiphase flow, due to its distributed sensing and advanced signal processing features. With this motivation in mind, it is important to evaluate the ability of FOLDS to detect leaks under different scenarios of varying fiber cable location, product phase distribution, propagation media, pressure, temperature, leak sizes and leak locations.
Due to the high amount of varying parameters, safety hazards and environmental constraints associated with field testing FOLDS, an industrial third-party multiphase flow facility enables FOLDS performance evaluation across the range of applications of interest. In this particular case, different Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) FOLDS were simultaneously tested for detecting the pipeline leaks. The overall performance test scope and procedure presented in this paper was custom developed to simulate as close as field parameters for validation across multiphase and wet gas flow conditions.
The customized performance evaluation test program led to results that show the sensitivity of technology performance to different operational conditions, ranging from physical flow parameters to fiber optic location with respect and leak propagation media. FOLDS solutions performance validation is presented in terms of leak detection, stability and consistency. This leads to a conclusive benchmarking of each solution performance based on the test results for multiphase pipelines.
This paper guides the audience through the methodology of customized performance evaluation testing of pinhole leak detection for oil multiphase and wet gas pipelines. It also provides value by highlighting the impact of testing procedures, different flow parameters and installation setups on the actual system performance.
An Effective Use of New Generation Adaptive Completion for Successful Water Shut-Off in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Sharma Hemant K , AlKhalifah Qasim , K. Al-Mulhim Abdulrahman , Al-Shabibi Hussain 
Published: January 2020

Reducing water production for a horizontally completed well in a fractured carbonate reservoir is one of the dreams of a production engineer. Many technologies are being used worldwide for water shut-off to keep the water inside the reservoir and produce oil with limited success, including isolating the wellbore using inflatable packer and dumping cement; either above the packer or by isolating the bottom section with cement, chemical water shut-off by isolating the matrix and wellbore, etc.
A new innovative technology was developed lately by producing the horizontal well in compartments using an equalizer completion consisting of inflow control devices (ICDs) and isolating them through openhole packers and constrictors. This helps to eliminate the imbalanced production in the wellbore avoiding early water breakthrough. Currently, two kinds of ICDs are used, passive and adaptive. The passive ICDs are always opened to production. In cases where specific ICDs start to contribute undesired water production over time, water shut-off of the length below the ICDs had to be performed; leaving much of the oil behind. In cases where the water production is from the heel or in the middle compartment with high oil production from the bottom, the options are very limited.
A new generation of adaptive ICDs has lately been installed in the openhole horizontal producers, which can be selectively closed/opened by a setting tool to control the water production. Using this type of completion, the oil production has been substantially increased with a consequent decrease in water production.
Selecting the right array production logging tool (APLT) to identify which ICD is contributing to water production is the main contributor to success. Considering the fact that this kind of completion increases fluids velocities, turbulence and enhance emulsion creation, an APLT that consists of capacitance sensors helps to overcome these challenges and increase the rate of success selection of ICDs to be closed.
To operate the adaptive ICDs, either a wireline tractor with a modular anchor and shifting tool or coil tubing with a shifting tool can be used to open/close the ICDs. The opening/closing of ICDs can be clearly monitored in real time and confirmed due to changes in the load when the shifting tool engages with the profile of the active ICDs. With the signature from the log, the position of the ICD sleeve can be confirmed — whether opened or closed and there is no need to have additional production logging runs to confirm the position of the sleeve, which can be confirmed with surface flow rates with a reduction in water cut
This paper details the design and advantages of the new generation of adaptive ICDs in horizontal wells, designing the APLT program to investigate the completion performance and how the shifting tool is being effectively used for selective operation of the ICDs.
An Integrated Approach to Calculate Vertical and Horizontal Resistivity Utilizing Conventional Logs in Low Resistivity Pay Reservoirs in Gulf of Suez: Case Study
Authors: Elhadidy Abdelrahman , Elhadidy Modather , Youssef Ibraham Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

The occurrence of Low Resistivity Pay (LRP) have been widely reported. The conventional induction resistivity log does not recognized LRP, because this phenomenon affects the conventional resistivity log to read lower response. This problem typically occurs because of the shoulder effect of shale laminae on resistivity measurements of oil saturated sand intervals and as a result, conventional petro-physical interpretations would be unable to identify pay intervals in such low-resistivity measurements. Conventional well log evaluation usually considers these intervals water-bearing (60-70%) interval, which completely conceal oil occurrence. Numerous case studies showed water-free oil production from low resistivity laminated reservoirs. When these laminations thickness are less than the vertical resolution of conventional resistivity measuring device itself, the measured resistivity values is no longer representative to these laminations, however it becomes an average of the resistivity of these thin laminations, dominated by the laminations with lower resistivity. These apparent average values of resistivity curves may mask the recognition of hydrocarbon presence.
This formation evaluation challenge is usually addressed using simultaneous measurements of horizontal (Rh) and vertical (Rv) resistivity measurements. Such measurements are not conventionally used and therefore unconventional interpretation would be impossible or at least difficult. In the present paper, an innovative technique is developed to calculate the resistivity of sand intervals within thin laminated reservoirs from conventional apparent resistivity measurements and lithology logs. This is achieved considering two main concepts; separating apparent resistivity in Rh and Rv using Moran and Gianzero (1979) formula and calculating sand resistivity using sand - shale resistivity connections (parallel and series connections).
In North Morgan Belayiem reservoir located in the Gulf of Suez in Egypt, which was discovered since 1965, a new detailed interpretation and formation evaluation analysis have been done to re-interpret thin sand shale laminations having low conventional resistivity curves. Pay was identified using Rv and Rh calculations in petro-physical interpretation instead of using pervious conventional resistivity and lithology logs. After validating the petro-physical analysis and making an integration with available production data, the potential of the LRP zones in this reservoir was confirmed and quantified using petro-physical attribute.
Using Drill Bit Metamorphism to Aid in Formation Evaluation of Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Qubaisi Khalid , Torlov Vladislav , Fernandes Alan , Bajsair Amr 
Published: January 2020

Deep clastic gas reservoirs, characterized by heterogenetic, low porosity and permeability rocks, and varying quantities of clay, are often drilled using oil-based mud (OBM) systems. It is well known, that presence of OBM affects surface mud gas data due to OBM contamination and drill bit metamorphism (DBM) phenomenon. The scope of this work is to identify and attempt to eliminate OBM contamination and DBM effects, therefore extracting only true formation gas response in order to identify zones of hydrocarbon potential from advanced mud gas (AMG) logging data.Enhancements in AMG analysis enabled identification of DBM while drilling by measuring artificially generated hydrocarbons, such as ethene (C2H4), the so-called cracked gas, which is not found in formation hydrocarbons. The use of the DBM detection from AMG analysis allows for the differentiation of formation hydrocarbons from artifacts induced by drilling processes. The provided workflow also aids in identifying tighter reservoir intervals, which can be particularly useful in cases of long horizontal sections. This study also presents cases, where a DBM workflow and mud gas fluid compositional data assists in estimating zones of higher porosity with hydrocarbon potential, as well differentiating between prolific and tight sections.Utilization of the workflow in exploration wells is useful in many instances to optimize formation evaluation during downhole formation testing, and subsequent drill stem test (DST) design. In addition, in development wells, the workflow can aid multi-stage fracking design and net-to-gross estimation.Harsh drilling conditions in tight abrasive rocks drilled using OBM muds introduces artificial hydrocarbons not indigenous to the formation and introduces false positive gas peaks on mud logs. Recognition and removal of such artifacts from analyses is important in an integrated formation evaluation. To-date, mud logging companies have been able to identify the effect of DBM on mud gas and often correlate the phenomena to bit degradation, which is an important indicator for drilling optimization. The authors attempt to summarize such findings into a formation evaluation process to assist in the identification and delineation of sampling, production, and stimulation of reservoir intervals.
Determination of the whitten effect based on vaginal cell characteristics, vulva appearance and behavior in grouped female mice
Authors: Zakaria Nur Hannan , Sukardi Sabrina 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Pheromones are chemicals produced by an animal that affects the behavior of another animal or the same species. Information conveyed includes location, presence of food or threat, sexual attraction, courtship, and dam–pup interactions. Pheromones are used widely in laboratory mice facilities to synchronize estrus and simultaneous breeding for logistic purposes. Female mice housed together in the absence of the male exhibit the Lee-Boot effect of lengthened diestrus or ovarian inactive period of up to several weeks. Whitten effect is described when a large number of female mice housed together in the absence of the male and having diestrus, will enter estrous 48 to 72 hours later upon exposure to male odors or male mouse urine soaked-bedding. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the time taken for the Whitten effect to occur based on changes in vaginal cell characteristics, vulva appearance and behavior in grouped female mice. Methodology: Ten female mice were acclimatized to the animal facility for 3 estrus cycles or 12 days. Phases of the estrus cycle were evaluated by visual observation to assess changes to the vulva and vaginal cytology. Male urine soaked-bedding were exposed to females for 3 days and the time taken for the Whitten effect to occur was determined based on changes in vaginal cell characteristics, vulva appearance and observation of behavior. Result: The Cochran's Q test was used to observe the changes from diestrus to proestrus and later estrus. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of mice that successfully enter the proestrus and estrus phases over a four time point, ?2 (2) = 18.857. Conclusion: The Whitten effect occurs after 72 hours of exposure to male urine soaked-bedding based on vulva appearance, vaginal cell characteristics and behavior in grouped female mice.
A Variante Hipocrómica da Micose Fungoide no Quotidiano Médico
Authors: Teixeira Campos Camila , Gonçalves Morati Ediane 
Published: January 2020

Introdução: O nosso objetivo foi rever sucintamente a literatura da micose fungoide hipocrómica e destacar diag- nósticos diferenciais comuns.
Métodos: Este artigo consiste uma revisão de literatura, e a busca de referências foi realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) em português, inglês e espanhol, no total de 47 fontes.
Resultados: A micose fungoide é um linfoma cutâneo de células T de evolução crónica, no seio da qual se inclui uma variante hipocrómica que é rara com clínica diversificada, conferindo um diagnóstico desafiador, além de tardio, à doença. Por se assemelhar a dermatoses comuns, como a hanseníase, a micose fungoide hipocrómica é subdiagnosticada ou com atraso no diagnóstico.
Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância de realizar anamnese e exame físico detalhados nas consultas médicas para o diagnóstico correto desta doença incomum e capacitar a atenção primária na detecção de casos comuns com precisão, encaminhando apenas os demais ao dermatologista.
THE GUIDANCE OF TECHNOPRENEURSHIP USING EXPERT SYSTEM COMPUTING APPROACH BASED ON ENTREPRENEURIAL VALUES AND MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Authors: Hastuti Indra , Purnomo Singgih , Lestari Wiji 
Published: January 2020

This study aims to build the Guidance of technopreneurship, especially Information Technology (IT) technopreneurship using expert system approach based on entrepreneurial values and multiple intelligences.The research consists of several steps : system analysis and design, system development and test and implementation system.The result is the guidance of technopreneurship using an expert system. Expert system consists of expertise domain, knowledge representation, rules, and input and output data. Data input consists of indicators of entrepreneurial values and multiple intelligences. The data output consists of conformity with 8 IT tecnopreneurships ie Software Application Developer, Data Analyst, System Analyst, Software Engineering, Computer Network Engineer, Graphics Designer & Animator, Multimedia System Developer and Embedded & Computer System Engineer.he test results with internal testing and external testing show the system works well.

Keyword	: Guidance;Technopreneurships; Information Technology Expert System; Entrepreneurial Values; Multiple Intelligences
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SKRENING SINDROM METABOLIK DI DESA PA’LALAKANG KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Syam Aminuddin , Jafar Nurhaedar , Kurniati Yessy , Virani Devintha , Adriani Irma 
Published: January 2020

Sindroma metabolik adalah kondisi seseorang yang memiliki tekanan darah tinggi, obesitas sentral, dan dislipidemia, dengan atau tanpa hiperglikemik. Sindrom metabolik telah menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan di masyarakat. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegahnya adalah dengan melakukan skrening secara dini. Kader dusun merupakan salah satu komponen masyarakat yang dapat menjadi agen untuk melakukan skrening tersebut. Sebagai kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat, maka pelatihan kader dusun dapat menjadi upaya pencegahan sindrom metabolik. Tujuan dari pelatihan adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada kader dusun untuk melakukan skrening sindrom metabolik di masyarakat. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan pemberian materi dan demonstrasi tentang cara melakukan skrening sindrom metabolik dan diikuti oleh 34 orang peserta. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan jumlah kader dusun yang memiliki pengetahuan dalam kategori baik sebesar 43,2%. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan saat pendampingan, kader dusun yang dilatih dapat melakukan skrening sindrom metabolik seperti yang diharapkan. Kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan yang dilakukan cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dusun dalam melakukan skrening sindrom metabolik di Kabupaten Takalar.