bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme Acetylation of the Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteome Does Not Promote Heart Failure
Authors: Davidson Michael T. , Grimsrud Paul A. , Lai Ling , Draper James A. , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H. , Narowski Tara M. , Abraham Dennis M. , Koves Timothy R. , Kelly Daniel P. , Muoio Deborah M. 
Published: July 2020

Rationale:
Circumstantial evidence links the development of heart failure to posttranslational modifications of mitochondrial proteins, including lysine acetylation (Kac). Nonetheless, direct evidence that Kac compromises mitochondrial performance remains sparse.

Objective:
This study sought to explore the premise that mitochondrial Kac contributes to heart failure by disrupting oxidative metabolism.

Methods and Results:
A DKO (dual knockout) mouse line with deficiencies in CrAT (carnitine acetyltransferase) and Sirt3 (sirtuin 3)—enzymes that oppose Kac by buffering the acetyl group pool and catalyzing lysine deacetylation, respectively—was developed to model extreme mitochondrial Kac in cardiac muscle, as confirmed by quantitative acetyl-proteomics. The resulting impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics was evaluated using a respiratory diagnostics platform that permits comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial function and energy transduction. Susceptibility of DKO mice to heart failure was investigated using transaortic constriction as a model of cardiac pressure overload. The mitochondrial acetyl-lysine landscape of DKO hearts was elevated well beyond that observed in response to pressure overload or Sirt3 deficiency alone. Relative changes in the abundance of specific acetylated lysine peptides measured in DKO versus Sirt3 KO hearts were strongly correlated. A proteomics comparison across multiple settings of hyperacetylation revealed ≈86% overlap between the populations of Kac peptides affected by the DKO manipulation as compared with experimental heart failure. Despite the severity of cardiac Kac in DKO mice relative to other conditions, deep phenotyping of mitochondrial function revealed a surprisingly normal bioenergetics profile. Thus, of the >120 mitochondrial energy fluxes evaluated, including substrate-specific dehydrogenase activities, respiratory responses, redox charge, mitochondrial membrane potential, and electron leak, we found minimal evidence of oxidative insufficiencies. Similarly, DKO hearts were not more vulnerable to dysfunction caused by transaortic constriction–induced pressure overload.

Conclusions:
The findings challenge the premise that hyperacetylation per se threatens metabolic resilience in the myocardium by causing broad-ranging disruption to mitochondrial oxidative machinery.
Coronary Flow Capacity to Identify Stenosis Associated With Coronary Flow Improvement After Revascularization: A Combined Analysis From DEFINE FLOW and IDEAL
Authors: Murai Tadashi , Stegehuis Valérie E. , van de Hoef Tim P. , Wijntjens Gilbert W. M. , Hoshino Masahiro , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Hamaya Rikuta , Nijjer Sukhjinder S. , de Waard Guus A. , Echavarria‐Pinto Mauro , Knaapen Paul , Meuwissen Martijn , Davies Justin E. , van Royen Niels , Escaned Javier , Siebes Maria , Kirkeeide Richard L. , Gould K. Lance , Johnson Nils P. , Piek Jan J. , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: July 2020

Background
Coronary flow capacity (CFC), which is a categorical assessment based on the combination of hyperemic coronary flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR), has been introduced as a comprehensive assessment of the coronary circulation to overcome the limitations of CFR alone. The aim of this study was to quantify coronary flow changes after percutaneous coronary intervention in relation to the classification of CFC and the current physiological cutoff values of fractional flow reserve, instantaneous wave‐free ratio, and CFR.

Methods and Results

Using the combined data set from DEFINE FLOW (Distal Evaluation of Functional Performance With Intravascular Sensors to Assess the Narrowing Effect ‐Combined Pressure and Doppler FLOW Velocity Measurements) and IDEAL (Iberian‐Dutch‐English), a total of 133 vessels that underwent intracoronary Doppler flow measurement before and after percutaneous coronary intervention were analyzed. CFC classified prerevascularization lesions as normal (14), mildly reduced (40), moderately reduced (31), and severely reduced (48). Lesions with larger impairment of CFC showed greater increase in coronary flow and vice versa (median percent increase in coronary flow by revascularization: 4.2%, 25.9%, 50.1%, and 145.5%, respectively;
P
<0.001). Compared with the conventional cutoff values of fractional flow reserve, instantaneous wave‐free ratio, and CFR, an ischemic CFC defined as moderately to severely reduced CFC showed higher diagnostic accuracy with higher specificity to predict a >50% increase in coronary flow after percutaneous coronary intervention. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that only CFC has a superior predictive efficacy to CFR (
P
<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed lesions with ischemic CFC to be the independent predictor of a significant coronary flow increase after percutaneous coronary intervention (odds ratio, 10.7; 95% CI, 4.6–24.8;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
CFC showed significant improvement of identification of lesions that benefit from revascularization compared with CFR with respect to coronary flow increase.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02328820.
Place and Environment in the Ongoing Evolution of Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors: Irwin Louis N. , Irwin Brian A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCognitive science today increasingly is coming under the influence of embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive perspectives, superimposed on the more traditional cybernetic, computational assumptions of classical cognitive research. Neuroscience has contributed to a greatly enhanced understanding of brain function within the constraints of the traditional cognitive science approach, but interpretations of many of its findings can be enriched by the newer alternative perspectives. Here, we note in particular how these frameworks highlight the cognitive requirements of an animal situated within its particular environment, how the coevolution of an organism's biology and ecology shape its cognitive characteristics, and how the cognitive realm extends beyond the brain of the perceiving animal. We argue that these insights of the embodied cognition paradigm reveal the central role that “place” plays in the cognitive landscape and that cognitive scientists and philosophers alike can gain from paying heed to the importance of a concept of place. We conclude with a discussion of how this concept can be applied with respect to cognitive function, species comparisons, ecologically relevant experimental designs, and how the “hard problem” of consciousness might be approached, among its other implications.
Voluntary Control of Task Selection Does Not Eliminate the Impact of Selection History on Attention
Authors: Henare Dion T. , Kadel Hanna , Schubö Anna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The human visual system can only process a fraction of the information present in a typical visual scene, and selection is historically framed as the outcome of bottom–up and top–down control processes. In this study, we evaluated how a third factor, an individual's selection history, interacts with top–down control mechanisms during visual search. Participants in our task were assigned to one of two groups in which they developed a history of either shape or color selection in one task, while searching for a shape singleton in a second task. A voluntary task selection procedure allowed participants to choose which task they would perform on each trial, thereby maximizing their top–down preparation. We recorded EEG throughout and extracted lateralized ERP components that index target selection (NT) and distractor suppression (PD). Our results showed that selection history continued to guide attention during visual search, even when top–down control mechanisms were maximized with voluntary task selection. For participants with a history of color selection, the NT component elicited by a shape target was attenuated when accompanied by a color distractor, and the distractor itself elicited a larger PD component. In addition, task-switching results revealed that participants in the color group had larger, asymmetric switch costs implying increased competition between task sets. Our results support the notion that selection history is a significant factor in attention guidance, orienting the visual system reflexively to objects that contradict an individual's current goals—even when these goals are intrinsically selected and prepared ahead of time.
An Evaluation of Block-Maximum-Based Estimation of Very Long Return Period Precipitation Extremes with a Large Ensemble Climate Simulation
Authors: Ben Alaya M. A. , Zwiers F. , Zhang X. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recurring devastation caused by extreme events underscores the need for reliable estimates of their intensity and frequency. Operational frequency and intensity estimates are very often obtained from generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions fitted to samples of annual maxima. GEV distributed random variables are “max-stable,” meaning that the maximum of a sample of several values drawn from a given GEV distribution is again GEV distributed with the same shape parameter. Long-period return value estimation relies on this property of the distribution. The data to which the models are fitted may not, however, be max-stable. Observational records are generally too short to assess whether max-stability holds in the upper tail of the observations. Large ensemble climate simulations, from which we can obtain very large samples of annual extremes, provide an opportunity to assess whether max-stability holds in a model-simulated climate and to quantify the impact of the lack of max-stability on very long period return-level estimates. We use a recent large ensemble simulation of the North American climate for this purpose. We find that the annual maxima of short-duration precipitation extremes tend not to be max-stable in the simulated climate, as indicated by systematic variation in the estimated shape parameter as block length is increased from 1 to 20 years. We explore how the lack of max-stability affects the estimation of very long period return levels and discuss reasons why short-duration precipitation extremes may not be max-stable.
The Influence of Visual-Manual Distractions on Anticipatory Driving
Authors: He Dengbo , Donmez Birsen 
Published: July 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate how anticipatory driving is influenced by distraction. Background The anticipation of future events in traffic can allow potential gains in recognition and response times. Anticipatory actions (i.e., control actions in preparation for potential traffic changes) have been found to be more prevalent among experienced drivers in simulator studies when driving was the sole task. Despite the prevalence of visual-manual distractions and their negative effects on road safety, their influence on anticipatory driving has not yet been investigated beyond hazard anticipation. Methods A simulator experiment was conducted with 16 experienced and 16 novice drivers. Half of the participants were provided with a self-paced visual-manual secondary task presented on a dashboard display. Results More anticipatory actions were observed among experienced drivers; experienced drivers also exhibited more efficient visual scanning behaviors as indicated by higher glance rates toward and percent times looking at cues that facilitate the anticipation of upcoming events. Regardless of experience, those with the secondary task displayed reduced anticipatory actions and paid less attention toward anticipatory cues. However, experienced drivers had lower odds of exhibiting long glances toward the secondary task compared to novices. Further, the inclusion of glance duration on anticipatory cues increased the accuracy of a model predicting anticipatory actions based on on-road glance durations. Conclusion The results provide additional evidence to existing literature supporting the role of driving experience and distraction engagement in anticipatory driving. Application These findings can guide the design of in-vehicle systems and guide training programs to support anticipatory driving.
Transparency and the efficiency of multi-actor decision-making processes: an empirical analysis of 244 decisions in the European Union
Authors: Brandsma Gijs Jan , Meijer Albert 
Published: July 2020

Studies into decision-making suggest the existence of a tension between transparent and efficient decision-making. It is assumed that an increase in transparency leads to a decline in the efficiency of decision-making processes; however, this assumption has not been tested empirically. This study provides a starting point for investigating the complex relationship between transparency and efficiency on a set of 244 European Union legislative processes between 2014 and 2019. It finds that transparency neither speeds up nor slows down decision-making processes, and that the efficiency of the lawmaking process depends on political complexity. Our results call for further systematic research into the causes and consequences of decision-making transparency. Points for practitioners In decision-making processes, transparency is widely seen as both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, it is seen as a virtue that fosters legitimacy and participation; on the other hand, it is said to reduce decisional efficiency. However, our study of 244 European Union legislative processes shows that transparency has no effect on their duration. This calls for a re-appreciation of the effects of transparency in decision-making processes.
Intranasal Antiviral Drug Delivery and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A State of the Art Review
Authors: Higgins Thomas S. , Wu Arthur W. , Illing Elisa A. , Sokoloski Kevin J. , Weaver Bree A. , Anthony Benjamin P. , Hughes Nathan , Ting Jonathan Y. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo provide a state of the art review of intranasal antiviral drug delivery and to discuss current applications, adverse reactions, and future considerations in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov search engines.Review MethodsA structured search of the current literature was performed of dates up to and including April 2020. Search terms were queried as related to topics of antiviral agents and intranasal applications. A series of video conferences was convened among experts in otolaryngology, infectious diseases, public health, pharmacology, and virology to review the literature and discuss relevant findings.ConclusionsIntranasal drug delivery for antiviral agents has been studied for many years. Several agents have broad‐spectrum antiviral activity, but they still require human safety and efficacy trials prior to implementation. Intranasal drug delivery has potential relevance for future clinical trials in the settings of disease spread prevention and treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other viral diseases.Implications for PracticeIntranasal drug delivery represents an important area of research for COVID‐19 and other viral diseases. The consideration of any potential adverse reactions is paramount.
Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities and Survival of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rotsides Janine M. , Oliver Jamie R. , Moses Lindsey E. , Tam Moses , Li Zujun , Schreiber David , Jacobson Adam S. , Hu Kenneth S. , Givi Babak 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in epidemiology of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with regards to human papillomavirus (HPV), race, and socioeconomic status (SES) using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).Study DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingRacial and socioeconomic disparities in survival of OPSCC have been previously acknowledged. However, the distribution of HPV‐related cancers and its influence on survival in conjunction with race and SES remain unclear.Subjects and MethodsAll patients with OPSCC in the NCDB with known HPV status from 2010 to 2016 were included. Differences in presentation, HPV status, treatment, and outcomes were compared along racial and socioeconomic lines. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression survival analyses were performed.ResultsIn total, 45,940 patients met criteria. Most were male (38,038, 82.8%), older than 60 years (23,456, 51.5%), and white (40,156, 87.4%), and lived in higher median income areas (>$48,000, 28,587, 62.2%). Two‐thirds were HPV positive (31,007, 67.5%). HPV‐negative disease was significantly more common in lower SES (<$38,000, 2937, 41.5%, P <. 001) and among blacks (1784, 55.3%, P <. 001). Median follow‐up was 33 months. Five‐year overall survival was 81.3% (95% CI, 80.5%‐82.1%) and 59.6% (95% CI, 58.2%‐61.0%) in HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative groups, respectively. In univariable and multivariable analyses controlling for HPV status, age, stage, and treatment, black race (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11‐1.34; P <. 001) and low SES (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.45‐1.72; P <. 001) were associated with worse survival.ConclusionSignificant differences in HPV status exist between socioeconomic and racial groups, with HPV‐negative disease more common among blacks and lower SES. When controlling for HPV status, race and SES still influence outcomes in oropharyngeal cancers.
Olfactory Training for Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kattar Nrusheel , Do Triet M. , Unis Graham D. , Migneron Matthew R. , Thomas Andrew J. , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveOlfactory dysfunction is a common problem that is most frequently attributed to upper respiratory infection. Postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) can be prolonged and clinically challenging to treat. Olfactory training (OT) has demonstrated potential benefit for patients with nonspecific olfactory dysfunction. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of OT specifically for PVOD by pooled analysis of the existing evidence.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.Review MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were queried and abstracts screened independently by 2 investigators. We included studies evaluating the efficacy of OT for PVOD and excluded studies evaluating pharmacologic interventions or olfactory loss from other causes.ResultsOf the initial 1981 abstracts reviewed, 16 full‐text articles were included. Sniffin’ Sticks olfactory testing results were reported in 15 (93%) studies as threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I) subscores and TDI total scores. All studies reported clinically significant results after OT, defined as a score improvement of TDI >5.5. Four studies were included in the meta‐analysis, in which pooled estimates revealed that patients with PVOD who received OT had a 2.77 (95% confidence interval, 1.67‐4.58) higher odds of achieving a clinically important difference in TDI scores compared to controls.ConclusionMeta‐analysis of existing data demonstrates clinically significant improvements in PVOD associated with OT. Variability exists among OT protocols and may benefit from further optimization. Existing data supports the use of OT for the treatment of existing and newly emerging cases of PVOD.
Emergency neck MRI: feasibility and diagnostic accuracy in cases of neck infection
Authors: Nurminen Janne , Velhonoja Jarno , Heikkinen Jaakko , Happonen Tatu , Nyman Mikko , Irjala Heikki , Soukka Tero , Mattila Kimmo , Hirvonen Jussi 
Published: July 2020

Background Computed tomography (CT) has traditionally been the first-line imaging method in neck emergencies such as deep neck infections. Due to superior soft-tissue contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be an alternative to CT, also in emergency situations. Purpose To characterize the use of routine MRI in neck emergencies, with an emphasis on clinical feasibility and diagnostic accuracy in cases of neck infection. Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all primary neck MRI scans performed using a 3-T MRI device during a five-year follow-up period in a tertiary emergency radiology department. Imaging data were compared with final clinical diagnosis and surgical findings as reference standards. Results The search identified 461 primary neck MRI scans, of which 334 (72%) were performed on the basis of clinical suspicion of infection. Radiological evidence of infection was observed in 95% of these scans, and at least one abscess was detected in 229 cases (72% of confirmed infection). MRI had an overall technical success rate of 95% and had high positive predictive value for both infection (0.98) and detection of abscess (0.95). Conclusion We found that emergency neck MRI can be successfully performed on most patients, and that MRI detects neck infection with a high accuracy. These results suggest that MRI may be an alternative to CT as the first or only imaging modality in neck emergencies.
Effects of Motivational Interviewing and Wearable Fitness Trackers on Motivation and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nuss Kayla , Moore Kristen , Nelson Tracy , Li Kaigang 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To systematically review the impacts of Wearable Fitness Trackers (WFTs), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Self Determination Theory (SDT)–based interventions on physical activity (PA) and motivation for PA. Data Source: Manuscripts published between 2008 and 2018 in PubMed, Web of Science, CABAbstracts, and SPORTDiscus database were reviewed. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria were original pilot studies, randomized controlled trials (RCT), cross-sectional studies, qualitative assessments, prospective cohort studies, longitudinal observational studies, and pretest posttest designs published in peer-reviewed journals. Data Extraction: Studies were evaluated by 2 independent researchers for inclusion. Data Synthesis: Extracted data were synthesized in a tabular format and narrative summary. Results: Twenty-six studies met final inclusion criteria, 10 addressed WFT use and PA behavior, 4 investigated WFT use and its association with motivation for PA, and 10 examined SDT and/or MI and their effect on motivation for PA and/or PA behavior. Finally, 2 studies addressed SDT-based MI, WFT use, and the combined effect on PA behavior. Conclusions: While SDT-based interventions and MI positively impact motivation for PA and PA behavior, WFTs revealed mixed results. Wearable Fitness Trackers prove effective among individuals not currently meeting PA guidelines but have little impact on other populations. Self Determination Theory, MI, and WFTs use provides a promising combination of interventions to increase PA among sedentary individuals, though research is limited.