bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Benzoylphenylurea Insecticides in Pome Fruit and Fruiting Vegetables by Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Residue Data Obtained in the Dutch National Monitoring Program
Authors: Hiemstra Maurice , Toonen Arnold , Kok André De 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) with diode array detection was used to screen for residues of the benzoylphenylurea (BPU) insecticides diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron, and flucycloxuron in pome fruit and fruiting vegetables. The general sample preparation and extraction method for our gas chromatography (GC) and LC multiresidue methods scheme was used as a starting point. Crop samples were extracted with acetone and partitioned into di-chloromethane-petroleum ether. Solid-Phase extraction on aminopropyl-bonded silica cartridges was used to separate the BPU insecticides from major interfering sample components. LC separations were performed on a reversed-phase column, with an acetonitrile-water gradient as mobile phase. A diode array detector was used to monitor the insecticides at 260 nm and to acquire spectral information for additional confirmation. Recoveries and repeatability data were collected for 7 benzoylphenylurea insecticides in mushroom, Chinese cabbage, apple, and cucumber samples representing different commodity groups at one spike level. The limits of detection ranged from 20 to 50 μg/kg for all BPU insecticides studied and is dependent on the matrix-pesticide combination. A confirmation method for BPU insecticides based on GC-mass spectrometry (ion-trap detector) of the characteristic degradation products is also reported. Residues of BPU insecticides in pome fruit and fruiting vegetables found during our Dutch pesticide residue monitoring program in 1995-1998 are presented.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Tylosin in Mastitic Cow's Milk Following Therapy
Authors: Dudriková Eva , Jozef Sokol , Jozef Nagy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Liquid chromatographic analysis of milk samples from 6 cows treated with tylosin in a veterinary practice indicated that tylosin persisted in milk for more than 3 days after the final treatment. The concentration of tylosin was not below the stated maximum residue limit (0.05 mg/kg). The milk from 3 cows being treated for mastitis catarrhalis chronica contained tylosin residues for 3.5 days after the last withdrawal time (72 h). No residue was detected in the milk of any animal 6 days after cessation of therapy.
Determination of Propionylpromazine Hydrochloride in Formulation Matrixes Using Reversed-Phase Ion-Pair Small Bore Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Hurlbut Daniel B , Primus Thomas M , Goodall Margaret J , Volz Stephanie A , Johnston John J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Propionylpromazine hydrochloride (PPZHCI) has been investigated for use with leghold traps to reduce the amount of self-inflicted trauma experienced by animals restrained by these traps. Three types of PPZHCI formulations made with Karo dark syrup, K-Y Jelly, and Vaseline were used in 2 types of tranquilizer trap devices (TTDs). A reversed- phase ion-pair liquid chromatography (LC) method using a small bore C18 column was used to: (1) determine the purity of the PPZHCI material used in these formulations, and (2) to determine the resulting PPZHCI content of each formulation. Analyte quantitation was done using UV absorption at 280 nm. Regression analysis of calibration standard solutions indicated a linear and directly proportional relationship between analyte response and PPZHCI concentration over the range evaluated. Recovery data from: (1) Vaseline formulations containing 38.8,16.2, and 8.78% PPZHCI were 104,92.9, and 90.2%, respectively, (2) Karo dark syrup formulations containing 26.5,18.1, and 10.3% PPZHCI were 97.7,99.3, and 106%, respectively, and (3) K-Y Jelly formulations containing 33.0, 23.5, and 13.4% PPZHCI were 100,99.4, and 88.7%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values from triplicate analysis of these formulations ranged from 0.7 to 6.7%. The PPZHCI content from 9 manufactured TTDs, 3 for each formulation type, were analyzed in triplicate and produced RSD values ranging from 0.7-6.8%. These results indicate that the formulation extraction presented could be used to evaluate the PPZHCI content in TTDs prior to field use. The use of a small bore LC column reduced the amount of solvents consumed and hazardous waste generated, compared to sample analysis that uses a more conventional analytical LC column.
Rapid Determination of Citrinin in Corn by Fluorescence Liquid Chromatography and Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Abramson David , Usleber Ewald , M�rtlbauer Erwin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid assay procedure was developed for mycotoxin citrinin in corn using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) cartridges. Ground corn was extracted with methylene chloride and 0.5N phosphoric acid. The extract was added to an LLE cartridge containing a diatomaceous-earth adsorbant, previously impregnated with sodium bicarbonate solution. After aspiration to dryness, the cartridge was eluted with methanol-water (4 + 1), and aliquots were taken for quantitation by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of citrinin added to ground corn at 200-1600 ng/g ranged from 71.2 to 86.3%, with coefficients of variation between 4.1 and 10.6%. An indirect enzyme immunoassay was also evaluated, using sodium carbonate solution for extraction. Recoveries of citrinin added to ground corn at 200-2000 ng/g ranged from 53.2 to 67.2%, but the coefficients of variation varied between 18.4 and 51.5%. The LLE cartridge procedure offers the advantages of low solvent consumption and speed, and is amenable to automation.
Multiresidue Method for Determination of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Water by Liquid Chromatography with Confirmation by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Hickes Heidi , Watrous Matthew 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method with comfirmation by capillary electrophoresis was used to determine 12 sulfonylurea herbicides in agricultural water. Analysis of 3 different water matrixes fortified at 2 levels gave good recoveries with adequate sensitivity at the 0.1 ppb level. A portion of the water was acidified with acetic acid and loaded onto an RP-102 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, and the extract was cleaned up on an alumina SPE cartridge. Extracts were desalted with an RP-102 SPE cartridge before instrumentation. Samples needing chemical filtration, such as pond water, required additional cleanup with a SAX SPE cartridge before the alumina cleanup step. Data were compiled for both determinative techniques and evaluated.
Comparison of Capillary Electrophoresis and Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Soil
Authors: Menne Hubert J , Janowitz Karin , Berger Bernhard M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two analytical methods developed for degradation studies in soil were compared for the simultaneous determination of sulfonylurea herbicides. The compounds were extracted with phosphate buffer from soil samples after purification and enrichment steps by solid-phase extraction. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection. Amidosulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, and tribenuron-methyl were separated within 90 and 35 min by LC and CE, respectively. Average recoveries, determined with LC for 5 sulfonylureas in 1–100 μg/kg soil ranged from 74 to 103%, and those determined with CE for 10 sulfonylureas in 2-20 μg/kg soil ranged from 87 to 105%. Bensulfuron-methyl was recovered at lower levels of 52%. The limits of quantitation were 1.0 and 2.0 μg/kg soil for LC and CE, respectively. Coefficients of variation were higher for CE than for LC. Although both methods are suitable, the LC method, which is more sensitive and accurate than the CE method, is preferred for field studies. However, CE, which was shown to be faster with lower operating costs and unlimited repeatability of the analysis due to little injection volumes, is preferred for laboratory studies.
Electrically Driven Microseparation Methods for Pesticides and Metabolites: I. Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography of Carbamate Insecticides with MEGA-Borate and SDS Surfactants
Authors: Tegeler Tony , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The migration behavior of some representative carbamate insecticides in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) was investigated over a wide range of elution conditions, including the nature and concentration of the surfactant and the concentration of added urea in the running electrolyte. Decanoyl-N-methylglucamide (MEGA 10) surfactant was compared with the traditionally used sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant for separation of the carbamate insecticides under investigation. The MEGA 10 micellar system is based on the complexation of MEGA 10 with borate, yielding an in situ charged micelle (i.e., MEGA 10-borate micelle), whose surface charge density can be readily manipulated by varying the pH and the concentrations of borate and MEGA 10 in the running electrolyte. This flexibility, in turn, allowed the modulation of the migration time window and, consequently, the analysis time. Because of its relatively weaker hydrophobic character, the MEGA 10-borate micellar system permitted the resolution of 9 different carbamate insecticides in about 12 min. Conversely, with the SDS micellar system, whose hydrophobicity is higher, the separation of all 9 solutes necessitated the addition of 4.0M urea, a condition that brought about a doubling of the analysis time. In addition, the MEGA 10-borate micellar system produced twice as many plates per min as did the SDS micellar system. Because MEGA 10-borate yielded results superior to those of the SDS micellar system, on-column preconcentration of the carbamate insecticides was attempted in MEGA 10-borate by using the concept of field-amplified sample stacking (FASS). Thus far, only a few attempts have been made toward the application of FASS in MECC of neutral compounds such as carbamate insecticides.
Mobility Distribution of Synthetic and Natural Polyelectrolytes with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Hertkorn Norbert , Freitag Dieter , Kettrup Antonius , Garmash Andrey V , Kudryavtsev Alexey V , Perminova Irina , Petrosyan Valery S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Parameters are proposed to describe the distribution of the effective electrophoretic mobilities of various anionic polyelectrolytes such as poly(styrene-4-sulfonates) and humic substances of different origins analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis. The first step of the data treatment is a baseline correction and conversion of the electrophoretic raw time data to effective electrophoretic mobilities (μ-scale), taking into account the electroosmotic flow. With this new μ-scaling, the electropherograms are more representative of velocity-based separation phenomena than those using migration times, and a direct comparison of electropherograms is possible. Four different average electrophoretic mobilities were defined: the number-average effective mobility (μn), the weight-average effective mobility (μw), the z-average effective mobility (μz), and the peak-average electrophoretic mobility (μp). The polydispersity of the mobility of mixtures was described by the μw/μ⊓, μz/μw, and μp/μw ratios. These parameters were used to describe the electrophoretic mobility distributions of different fractions of restricted molecular size: those obtained by ultrafiltration from a soil humic acid at neutral pH and reference humic substances of the International Humic Substances Society at different values of pH and ionic strength. The data clearly show the influence of both molecular size and charge distribution of the analyzed mixtures on the mobility distributions.
Thrombin binding aptamer G-quadruplex stabilized by pyrene-modified nucleotides
Authors: Kovačič Matic , Podbevšek Peter , Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Takahashi Shuntaro , Sugimoto Naoki , Plavec Janez 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGuanine-rich regions of the human genome can adopt non-canonical secondary structures. Their role in regulating gene expression has turned them into promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Ligands based on polyaromatic moieties are especially suitable for targeting G-quadruplexes utilizing their size complementarity to interact with the large exposed surface area of four guanine bases. A predictable way of (de)stabilizing specific G-quadruplex structures through efficient base stacking of polyaromatic functional groups could become a valuable tool in our therapeutic arsenal. We have investigated the effect of pyrene-modified uridine nucleotides incorporated at several positions of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) as a model system. Characterization using spectroscopic and biophysical methods provided important insights into modes of interaction between pyrene groups and the G-quadruplex core as well as (de)stabilization by enthalpic and entropic contributions. NMR data demonstrated that incorporation of pyrene group into G-rich oligonucleotide such as TBA may result in significant changes in 3D structure such as formation of novel dimeric topology. Site specific structural changes induced by stacking of the pyrene moiety on nearby nucleobases corelate with distinct thrombin binding affinities and increased resistance against nuclease degradation.
The Role of Nutrition for Pressure Injury Prevention and Healing: The 2019 International Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations
Authors: Munoz Nancy , Posthauer Mary Ellen , Cereda Emanuele , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Haesler Emily 
Published: February 2020

GENERAL PURPOSE
To review the nutrition-related recommendations presented in the 2019 European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline with further discussion of nutrition for pressure injury management in the context of the recommendations.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. Distinguish nutrition and malnutrition, especially as they relate to the development and healing of pressure injuries.
2. Differentiate the tools and techniques that help clinicians assess nutrition status as well as the causes of pressure injuries in specific populations.
3. Identify interventions for improving nutrition status and promoting pressure injury healing.

ABSTRACT
Macro- and micronutrients are required by each organ system in specific amounts to promote the growth, development, maintenance, and repair of body tissues. Specifically, nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the nutrition-related recommendations presented in the 2019 European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline. Nutrition for pressure injury management is discussed in the context of the recommendations.
A Multicenter, Comparative Study of Two Pressure-Redistribution Mattresses with Repositioning Intervals for Critical Care Patients
Authors: Jiang Qixia , Liu Yuxiu , Yu Hui , Song Siping , Li Guohong , Liu Haiying , Zhou Yi , Zhu Yajun , Jia Jing , Huang Yunjuan , Wang Jiandong 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of two protocols for preventing pressure injuries (PIs) in Chinese hospitals.

DESIGN AND SETTING
A multicenter, open-label, comparative study conducted in seven Chinese acute care hospitals.

PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION
In total, 1,654 eligible patients were identified, and 1,204 were enrolled in the study. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned into the trial group (4-hour repositioning combined with a viscoelastic foam mattress; n = 602) or the control group (2-hour repositioning combined with a powered air pressure redistribution mattress; n = 602). Participants received their respective protocols until they were discharged, died, or for at least 7 days.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The incidence of PIs, Braden Scale scores, and the time to development of PIs.

MAIN RESULTS
Ultimately, 596 trial group patients and 598 control group patients were analyzed. Thirteen patients had single new stage 2 or worse PIs. The total incidence of PIs was 1.1%. The difference between the two groups was significant (0.3% vs 1.8%). However, the difference between the groups’ Braden Scale score median during the intervention was not significant (13 vs 13.5).

CONCLUSIONS
The 4-hour repositioning interval combined with a viscoelastic foam mattress did not increase PI incidence or risk. These findings could help providers select the right pressure redistribution mattresses and repositioning intervals for critical care patients.
Overlapping Mechanisms of Recovery Between Professional Psychotherapies and Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: Marcovitz David E. , McHugh Kathryn R. , Roos Corey , West Jule J. , Kelly John 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Much research over the past 25 years has focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) affects behavioral change in its participants. In addition to research on the spiritual mechanisms for which AA is best known in the popular conception, research on mechanisms of recovery (MOR) has predominantly supported social, cognitive, and affective mechanisms that are also present in many professional psychotherapies.

Aim:
This paper compares and contrasts the theorized MOR of AA with those found in several common professional psychotherapies to illustrate analogous elements.

Methods:
Literature review, summary, and synthesis of studies examining the MOR of both AA and common psychotherapies including analytic/dynamic therapies, cognitive-behavioral therapies, and acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies.

Results:
There exists a significant overlap in theorized MOR of AA and mainstream, professional psychotherapies. Mechanisms with the greatest overlap include those mobilizing stress and coping theory, behavioral choice theory, and social learning theory, while mechanisms more unique to AA compared to professional psychotherapies mobilize social control theory to a greater degree.

Conclusions:
In caring for patients with addiction, practicing clinicians will find it useful to be aware of overlapping analogous elements found in the AA program and professional psychotherapies and how they can complement one another.
Effects of Directional Microphone and Noise Reduction on Subcortical and Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potentials in Older Listeners With Hearing Loss
Authors: Slugocki Christopher , Kuk Francis , Korhonen Petri 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
Understanding how signal processing influences neural activity in the brain with hearing loss is relevant to the design and evaluation of features intended to alleviate speech-in-noise deficits faced by many hearing aid wearers. Here, we examine whether hearing aid processing schemes that are designed to improve speech-in-noise intelligibility (i.e., directional microphone and noise reduction) also improve electrophysiological indices of speech processing in older listeners with hearing loss.

Design:
The study followed a double-blind within-subjects design. A sample of 19 older adults (8 females; mean age = 73.6 years, range = 56–86 years; 17 experienced hearing aid users) with a moderate to severe sensorineural hearing impairment participated in the experiment. Auditory-evoked potentials associated with processing in cortex (P1-N1-P2) and subcortex (frequency-following response) were measured over the course of two 2-hour visits. Listeners were presented with sequences of the consonant-vowel syllable /da/ in continuous speech-shaped noise at signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of 0, +5, and +10 dB. Speech and noise stimuli were pre-recorded using a Knowles Electronics Manikin for Acoustic Research (KEMAR) head and torso simulator outfitted with hearing aids programmed for each listener’s loss. The study aid programs were set according to 4 conditions: (1) omnidirectional microphone, (2) omnidirectional microphone with noise reduction, (3) directional microphone, and (4) directional microphone with noise reduction. For each hearing aid condition, speech was presented from a loudspeaker located at 1 m directly in front of KEMAR (i.e., 0° in the azimuth) at 75 dB SPL and noise was presented from a matching loudspeaker located at 1 m directly behind KEMAR (i.e., 180° in the azimuth). Recorded stimulus sequences were normalized for speech level across conditions and presented to listeners over electromagnetically shielded ER-2 ear-insert transducers. Presentation levels were calibrated to match the output of listeners’ study aids.

Results:
Cortical components from listeners with hearing loss were enhanced with improving SNR and with use of a directional microphone and noise reduction. On the other hand, subcortical components did not show sensitivity to SNR or microphone mode but did show enhanced encoding of temporal fine structure of speech for conditions where noise reduction was enabled.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that auditory-evoked potentials may be useful in evaluating the benefit of different noise-mitigating hearing aid features.