bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Struvite formation associated with the microalgae biofilm matrix of a rotating algal biofilm reactor (RABR) during nutrient removal from municipal wastewater
Authors: Hillman Kyle M. , Sims Ronald C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Struvite was observed within the microalgae biofilm matrix of an outdoor, pilot-scale rotating algal biofilm reactor (RABR) designed to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal anaerobic digester filtrate. The bottom layer of cells (2.5-month growth) and two top layers of cells (1-week and 2.5-month growth) were evaluated on east- and west-facing sides of the RABR. Sun orientation and shading effects of upper biofilm layers impacted the species composition and microalgae content of the bottom biofilm layers. Struvite formed within the microalgae biofilm matrix, and a higher struvite content appeared to be correlated with a higher microalgae content. The highest struvite content (expressed as %wt. of total solids) was observed in the east- and west-facing bottom layers of growth and west-facing 1-week growth (5.0%, 4.3%, and 4.1%, respectively). The lowest struvite content was observed in east- and west-facing 2.5-month growth and east-facing 1-week growth (1.1%, 1.5%, and 1.1%, respectively). Despite RABR influent component ion molar ratios with potential for various magnesium and calcium precipitates, microalgae biofilm provided pH and nucleation sites favorable to struvite precipitation. This evaluation is the first in the refereed literature the authors are aware of that reports on the association of struvite formation in the presence of a microalgae biofilm.
Assessment of novel rotating bipolar multiple disc electrode electrocoagulation–flotation and pulsed plasma corona discharge for the treatment of textile dyes
Authors: Nippatlapalli Narasamma , Philip Ligy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The current study evaluates the performance of the designed novel electrolytic reactor with rotating bipolar multiple disc electrode (RBDE) in the electrocoagulation–flotation (EC-F) process and a pulsed plasma reactor for the removal of toxic textile dyes. Two different classes of dyes, Methyl Orange (MO), an azo group of dye, and Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), a reactive group of dye, were selected. Efficient removal of both the dyes at a faster rate was obtained with the designed RBDE reactor compared to the EC-F process with static electrodes. RB19 and MO were completely decolourized (100%) within 2 min of electrolysis time with rotating and 6 min with static (non-rotating) electrodes, respectively. Similarly, the maximum chemical oxygen demand removal of 86.4% and 93.2% was obtained for RB19 and MO, respectively, with the rotating electrode EC-F process. On the other hand, complete decolourization was obtained in 10 min and 12 min of pulsed corona discharge for MO (50 mg/L) and RB19 (50 mg/L), respectively. The comparison studies of RBDE and pulsed power plasma reactor (PPT) showed that MO removal was faster than RB19 removal in both RBDE EC-F and PPT processes. Relatively long treatment time was needed for RB19 compared to MO due to its complexity of structure and high solubility. RB19 and MO were completely degraded through pulsed corona discharge without any sludge production. The results show that the designed RBDE reactor performed much better than existing conventional electrocoagulation reactors. The RBDE reactor can be used as a pre-treatment unit for industrial wastewater, which can improve the treatment efficiency and reduces the energy consumption. Plasma technology showed complete degradation of pollutant without sludge production. The formation of a wide variety of reactive oxygen species during corona discharge helps in degrading the pollutants. Plasma technology can be used as a secondary treatment system along with the RBDE as pre-treatment process for complex industrial wastewaters. This will improve the quality of treated effluent and reduce the overall cost of treatment.
Role of Neurochemicals in Schizophrenia
Authors: Singh Sher , Khanna Deepa , Kalra Sanjeev 
Published: April 2020

Background:Schizophrenia is a complex, unpredictable and severe psychiatric disorder, which affects several domains of cognition, behavior and characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Etiology of schizophrenia represents the involvement of environmental factors, role of genes, social stressors, like discrimination or economic hardship, relationships, childhood difficulty, use of cannabis in adolescence, maternal stress, nutritional deficiencies, maternal infections, intrauterine growth retardation, and complications of pregnancy, while pathophysiology represents dysfunctional neurotransmission of dopamine, stress-associated signaling cascades (gabanergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonin, and adrenergic singling cascades) and enzymatic changes (acetylcholinesterase, catechol-o-methyl-transferase, monoamine oxidase, and phosphodiesterase).Objective:The objective of the current review is to determine the role of pathophysiological hypothesis impairments leading to positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.Methods:Various pathophysiological hypotheses of schizophrenia were identified through searching relevant databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the year 2019, using the keywords schizophrenia, role of dopamine, acetylcholine, oxidative stress, and inflammation in schizophrenia.Result:Alterations in the neurotransmission of dopamine, stress-associated signaling cascades (Gabanergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonin, and adrenergic singling cascades) and enzymatic changes (acetylcholinesterase, catechol-o-methyl-transferase, monoamine oxidase, and phosphodiesterase) were compiled in this review for easy learning of Schizophrenia.Conclusion:Schizophrenia is a major illness defined by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and cognitive difficulties such as memory loss. This review aims to provide a brief overview of neurotransmitter role as well as other pathophysiological alterations in schizophrenia. A focus on more predictive animal models and specific biomarkers for positive, negative and cognitive symptoms will help to identify and develop novel therapeutic agents with fewer side effects.
TEACHER COMPETENCE AND DIFFICULTIES IN CONSTRUCTING HOTS INSTRUMENTS IN ECONOMICS SUBJECT
Authors: Dahlan Dadang , Permana Leni , Oktariani Mutiya 
Published: April 2020

This research was motivated by the students’ low high order thinking skill which was related to teachers’ low competence in constructing high order thinking skills instrument. This study was intended to describe economics teachers’ competence and difficulties in developing instruments to measure higher order thinking skills. The subjects of this study were 45 economics teachers and 270 students from 27 public high schools in Bandung. The study employed quantitative survey method with questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD) as the instruments. The survey method was carried out to describe the teachers’ competences and difficulties in constructing instruments. The results of the study indicated that the teacher's competence in constructing high order thinking skills instruments was low. The research findings showed that only 12% of the teacher-made questions can be categorized at the analyzing level to creating level, and 88% were categorized in remembering to applying level. This resulted in the teachers’ obstacles in constructing higher order thinking skills instruments. The research findings signified that 80% of the teachers faced difficulties in constructing essay and multiple choices instruments.
a PRODUCTION OF PROTEASE FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS UNDER SSF AND EFFECT OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS ON LYOPHILIZED PROTEASE PREPARATIONS
Authors: SAHIN SELMIHAN , DEMIR YASEMİN , OZMEN ISMAIL 
Published: April 2020

Objective: In the present work, protease was produced from Bacillus subtilis under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The effect of lyophilization with different additives on the activity of protease in an organic solvent and kineteci properties was investigated.
Methods: Production conditions of protease (fermentation time, moisture level, initial pH, temperature) were optimized. After production, it was partially purified and then, lyophilized with different additives from an aqueous buffer solution containing 98% (w/w) of different additives (pumice, KCl, without additive) for 72 h after freezing in liquid nitrogen. After that, the effect of organic solvents (2.5% and 5% of DCM, ethanol, hexane, toluene) on these lyophilized protease preparations was determined and their kinetic properties were determined.
Results: Optimum protease production was obtained with 40% of moisture level, at pH 7.5, 37 °C after 24 h fermentation. It was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation (20-80%) with 5.8-fold and specific activity of 38 U/mg and then dialysed with 6.4-fold and a specific activity of 35 U/mg. Co-lyophilization of protease with pumice and KCl was increased activity of an enzyme in aqueous organic solvents when compared lyophilized protease without additive. Used solvents, except DCM, were increased activity of lyophilized protease with pumice/KCl. It was found that the lyophilization with pumice and KCl resulted in an increasing in the catalytic efficiency, while it was decreased in Km and Vmax values.
Conclusion: The obtained findings demonstrated that protease from B. subtilis can effectively be produced under SSF by using wheat bran and used in industrial applications because of showing improved activity in an organic solvent by co-lyophilization with pumice/KCl.
SYNERGY OF SHARIA BANKS AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Haris Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad , Hadiyati Puji 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the synergy between sharia bank and fintech to effort and develop micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Data and information were obtained through interview to expert respondents in their fields such as BNI Syariah, Ammana Fintek Syariah and the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). This study has been conducted from July 2018 to March 2019. To provide a deep understanding, this study uses a qualitative approach. The results of the study to show that the opportunity to create synergy between Sharia Bank and Sharia Fintech in order to develop MSMEs in Indonesia is still very wide open. This synergy can be done through several existing patterns or synergy models, including through cross-selling schemes, channeling, references, shadow investors, outsourcing platform and Fintech consortium. The benefits of this synergy include empowering MSMEs, facilitating financial services that are practical, comfortable, safe, have speed, sophistication and up-to-date and are more efficient. The challenges ahead are in terms of human resources competence and support from regulators for policy relaxation. Risks that must be properly mitigated from these synergies, such as the risk of credibility, technology, default and operations.KEYWORDS: Financial Technology (Fintech); Micro; Small and Medium Enterprises; Sharia Bank, Synergy.
Modification of implementation of group guidance service in improving the quality of guidance and counseling service for school students
Authors: Neviyarni Neviyarni 
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze and interprete the previews studies about modification of implementation of group guidance service. The researcher was conducted this study using qualitative approach which involved case study’s strategy. According to those post graduate student’s findings, the researcher intended to find: (1) what were modifications that done, (2) how were they happened, (3) why were they happened, (4) how were the results, (5) how were the effectively of its effects, (6) how were the possibilities of its implementation in the future. The findings of this study were the average score results of implementation of group guidance with modification has better score than the avarage score results in implementation of group guidance service without modification, Suggestion in developing learning discipline, Bibliotherapy in enhacing self-concept. Suggestion in developing learning discipline, Bibliotherapy in enhacing self-concept, Modifications in this study was conducted by Role Playing to improve self-adaptation, Verse of Holy Al-Qur’an to improve learning motivation, Audio Visual Media to improve self concept, Assertive Training to improve interpersonal communication, REBT eliminates affraid, Modeling to improve Self Efficacy, Reality Counseling to develop self-adaptation. Regarding to this, it is hope for Guidance and Counseling teachers/ Counselors to improve the quality of service with implementation of group guidance service through several modifications.
Periglacial gully erosion on the east European plain and its recent analog at the Yamal peninsula
Authors: Sidorchuk Alexey Yu. , Matveeva Tatiana A. 
Published: April 2020

The net of dry valleys, gullies and shallow hollows is typical for the East European Plain. Dense vegetation usually covers their bottoms and slopes, so the modern erosion there is negligible in the pristine conditions. This erosion landscape formed in periglacial conditions during the terminations of the last two glaciations. The same kind of the erosion landscape is typical for the Arctic regions, especially for the Yamal, Gydan, and Tazovsky peninsulas. The size and the density of such valleys and gullies are quite similar to those existing on the East European Plain, but these erosion features are active there, especially in the conditions of natural or anthropogenic deterioration of the vegetation cover. As the density of dry valley network is an indicator of hydrological conditions in the river basin, the landscapes of the Arctic regions can be used as the modern analogs of the territories with the past periglacial erosion.The recent hydrological characteristics of the west-central Yamal Peninsula were used to estimate the parameters of erosion network at the Khoper River basin, formed in periglacial conditions. For these purposes gully erosion and thermoerosion model GULTEM was verified and calibrated based on the observation of the modern processes on the Yamal Peninsula. The meteorological characteristics were taken from ERA-Interim Reanalysis grid. To calculate the flow characteristics a synthetic hydrological model was used. These verified and calibrated models were used to find the most suitable characteristics of climate and vegetation cover, which can explain the structure and density of the Perepolye dry valley in the Khoper River basin. This dry valley with the main trunk length of 6400 m was formed at the end of the Late Valdai Glaciation (MIS 2). The conditions required for the formation of a periglacial gully of such length were estimated with the GULTEM model. The critical velocity of erosion initiation was within the range 0.8-0.9 m/s, and the surface runoff depth was close to the recent one on the Yamal Peninsula (330 mm). The system of shallow hollows in the Perepolye catchment (the gullies formed at the end of the Moscow Glaciation, MIS 6) is denser and longer than the dry valley system, and the modelling estimates showed that the surface runoff during that period was almost 3.3 times more than the recent one on the Yamal Peninsula.
O ensino de análise linguística por estagiários da licenciatura em Letras
Authors: Suassuna Lívia 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo é resultado de um estudo exploratório e objetiva discutir o modo como estagiários do curso de licenciatura em Letras-Português da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) entendem as novas orientações para o ensino de gramática/análise linguística e buscam colocá-las em prática durante o estágio curricular de regência de turma. Os dados analisados foram extraídos de um relatório de estágio apresentado por duas graduandas ao final da aplicação de um projeto didático temático numa turma de 9º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de Pernambuco. Para compor o referencial teórico, foram utilizados estudos de autores como Geraldi (1997), Dickel (2012), Ferraz e Olivan (2011), Smiderle, Zavodini-Carlotto e Sella (2017), Emilio (2008), Aparício (2008), entre outros. Os resultados indicaram a presença de elementos inovadores na prática das estagiárias, como a vinculação do estudo gramatical a situações interativas autênticas e o emprego da indução como estratégia didática para favorecer a reflexão sobre o funcionamento da língua.
Sobre uma práxis interdisciplinar: aproximações e proposições conceituais
Authors: Ramos Luiza Olivia , Ferreira Rosilda 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo se propõe a levantar novas possibilidades para o debate teórico-metodológico sobre a interdisciplinaridade. Para isso, põe na centralidade da discussão uma proposição conceitual de práxis interdisciplinar que busca superar abordagens que privilegiam dimensões epistemológicas, pragmáticas ou atitudinais da interdisciplinaridade. Com base em uma pesquisa teórica, que se situa no campo das investigações epistemológicas, ao mesmo tempo em que analisa criticamente as abordagens em referência, apresenta reflexões, anunciando elementos constitutivos do que as autoras nominam de práxis interdisciplinar.
A gestão das IES privadas sem fins lucrativos diante dos tensionamentos da mercantilização da educação superior e o caso das universidades comunitárias regionais: a caminho do hibridismo?
Authors: Fioreze Cristina 
Published: April 2020

O artigo resulta de estudo de campo de universidades comunitárias regionais do Rio Grande do Sul, um segmento dentre as instituições privadas sem fins lucrativos brasileiras. Está contextualizado no processo de mercantilização da educação superior, marcado pelo crescimento intenso das instituições de educação superior (IES) com fins lucrativos, a partir do qual o setor privado em sentido lato ganhou novas feições, tensionando as tradicionais instituições sem fins lucrativos a comportamentos de mercado. Analisa as mudanças no modelo de gestão das universidades comunitárias diante do novo contexto e em que medida ainda há espaço para o princípio da colegialidade. A pesquisa ocorreu em quatro universidades, por meio de entrevistas com 12 gestores e pesquisadores, 3 de cada IES. A reflexão sobre os dados inspirou-se na análise de práticas discursivas. Tendo como referência o conceito de universidade híbrida, identificou-se que as IES comunitárias revelam preocupações com a profissionalização da gestão e a superação de um modelo demasiadamente semelhante ao das IES públicas estatais, evidenciando trajetória de aproximação com uma perspectiva empresarial. Porém, estão empenhadas em preservar a colegialidade, embora deva ser revista a forma como esta se efetiva dentro das IES, de modo a torná-las mais ágeis e próximas da realidade. Há potencial para acomodar um modelo híbrido, capaz de equilibrar a aproximação ao mercado com a preservação dos valores da educação superior como bem público.
Reflexões sobre o nível de conhecimentos específicos dos estudantes de licenciatura em Educação Fisica no Enade 2014
Authors: Barros João , Campos Márcia , Teixeira Denilson , Cabral Breno 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo retoma achados publicados no Relatório de Área: Educação Física (licenciatura) do Enade de 2014, realizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep), e discute a qualidade da formação, com foco nos resultados do desempenho dos alunos nos itens do componente específico. O texto foi estruturado em três eixos: o primeiro diz respeito à contextualização da formação docente na perspectiva das diretrizes curriculares que a norteiam. Este favorece as análises das questões objetivas no segundo eixo e das questões discursivas no terceiro. Os resultados indicaram que, de forma geral, os estudantes apresentaram baixo desempenho no componente de formação específica, sobretudo nas questões discursivas, o que foi semelhante nas cinco grandes regiões brasileiras. Tais resultados suscitam inquietações sobre o valor dessa formação inicial e a atuação do profissional docente.
Formação inicial de professores de Física no Brasil e em Portugal: uma análise comparativa de modelos de formação
Authors: Cachapuz António , Shigunov Neto Alexandre , Silva André 
Published: April 2020

O estudo de modelos educativos estrangeiros pode auxiliar a compreensão dos modelos do nosso País. Tendo como referencial os ciclos de contextos de Stephen Ball, o objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a reflexão crítica sobre singularidades, similaridades e diferenças dos modelos de formação inicial de professores de Física no Brasil e em Portugal, investindo na sua compreensão com um sentido não normativo e não prescritivo. A pesquisa seguiu uma perspectiva de estudo de caso múltiplo, abordando os contextos de formação e arquitetura, bem como a organização científico-pedagógica dos cursos em relação às dimensões: abrangência curricular, articulação entre teoria e prática, abertura curricular, fomento à investigação e interdisciplinaridade. Em ambos os casos, emerge uma visão economicista da formação, embora sua incidência na arquitetura de formação seja diversa. Em Portugal, faz-se por meio de um mestrado sequencial de Bolonha, e, no Brasil, por meio de mecanismos de precarização e flexibilização profissional, ainda que uma perspectiva integradora se faça presente.
Dez anos de instituição da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica: o papel social dos institutos federais
Authors: Monteiro Nascimento Matheus , Cavalcanti Cláudio , Ostermann Fernanda 
Published: April 2020

Em 2018, completou-se um decênio de instauração da Lei nº 11.892/08, que criou a Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica. Essa política pública foi responsável pela expansão do número de escolas técnicas pelo Brasil, que atualmente conta com mais de 600 campi espalhados pelo País. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os efeitos dessa política na qualificação da educação básica pública. Para isso, utilizamos diferentes métodos estatísticos de análise multivariada de dados, em especial a análise de componente principal. Nossa investigação teve como fonte de dados informações disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep) em seu próprio site. Nossos resultados sugerem que os institutos federais vêm desempenhando um importante papel social ao longo dos dez anos de instauração dessa política pública. Seus alunos obtêm desempenho nas provas do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) muito próximo ao dos estudantes das instituições privadas. No entanto, o perfil socioeconômico daqueles alunos é muito diferente, assemelhando-se ao perfil dos estudantes de escolas estaduais. Mostramos também que esse bom desempenho é consequência de um conjunto de fatores, entre eles a formação adequada e as ótimas condições de trabalho dos seus professores.
Ensino e aprendizagem da prática baseada em evidências nos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina
Authors: Ferraz Lucimare , Schneider Luana , Pereira Rui Pedro , Pereira Altamiro 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o relato de uma experiência pedagógica de desenvolvimento dos três elementos da prática baseada em evidências (PBE). O trabalho foi realizado com estudantes dos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem de duas universidades, uma pública e uma comunitária, do Sul do Brasil. Os resultados demonstraram que essa ação apresentou elevado potencial para motivar uma postura mais ativa dos estudantes diante da aquisição de conhecimentos, além da aproximação com o contexto dos serviços de saúde.