bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Trajectory of Caregiver Burden and Risk Factors in Dementia Progression: A Systematic Review
Authors: van den Kieboom Robin , Snaphaan Liselore , Mark Ruth , Bongers Inge 
Published: August 2020

Background: Caring for patients with dementia at home is often a long-term process, in which the independence of the patient declines, and more responsibility and supervision time is required from the informal caregiver. Objective: In order to minimize and reduce caregiver burden, it is important to explore its trajectory and the accompanying risk factors as dementia progresses; the objective of this systematic review. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in this systematic review. Three databases, PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMbase, were systematically searched in November 2019 using specific keywords. Results: 1,506 hits emerged during the systematic search but only eleven articles actually met the inclusion criteria for this review. The trajectory of caregiver burden is highly variable and depends on multiple factors. Important risk factors included: patients’ behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and their decline in functioning in (I)ADL; the caregiver’s age, gender, and physical and mental health; and, within the dyads (patient/caregiver), cohabitation and kinship. Conclusion: There is no one-size-fits-all for predicting how caregiver burden will change over time, but specific factors (like being a spouse and increased behavioral impairment and decline in functional status in the patient) may heighten the risk. Other factors, not yet comprehensively included in the published studies, might also prove to be important risk factors. Future research in the field of reducing caregiver burden is recommended to integrate the patient, caregiver, and context characteristics in the trajectory of caregiver burden, and to assess more clearly the phase of the dementia progression and use of external resources.
Optimization for a proportional electro-magnet with high accuracy utilizing finite element method
Authors: Yuan Xian-ju , Ling Hong-tao , Qiu Tian-yu , Zhou Ji-wei , Zhao Ri-cheng 
Published: August 2020

Obtaining the constant force at a given current benefits its applications in diverse fields. However, not depending on displacements, such a force characteristic is not available easily since this force is determined by a specific structure, materials, geometrical parameters and others. Therefore, utilizing the finite element method (FEM), the electro-magnet force of a proportional electro-magnet located at a semi-active damper is calculated considering different parameters, further obtaining better choices of crucial parameters for achieving the constant force and independence of displacements. Finally reflected through the maximum fluctuation of 0.82 N and the maximum error of 0.9 N compared to experimental results, a proportional electro-magnet with force characteristics of relatively high accuracy has been achieved.
Calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes con Atrofia Muscular Espinal
Authors: Vega Pilar , Glisser Carol , Castiglioni Caludia , Amézquita M. Virginia , Quirola Marifé , Barja Yañez Salesa 
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La calidad de vida (CV) es un aspecto fundamental del tratamiento en pacientes con Atrofia Muscular Espinal (AME). Existe escasa información a nivel local e internacional.Objetivo: Caracterizar la CV en una muestra de niños y adolescentes chilenos con AME.Sujetos y Metodo: Estudio observacional, transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario y el módulo neuromuscular 3.0 de la encuesta PedsQLtm, a padres de niños con AME de 2-18 años. Ésta consta de 3 ámbitos: Enfermedad, Comunicación y Familia. Se consideró el puntaje >60 como CV buena, 30-60 regular y < 30, deficiente. Se utilizó el programa MINITAB-17®, considerando significativo p ≤ 0,05.Resultados: Se reclutaron 38 pacientes, con edad mediana 8 años (2-18), 52,7% hombres, y 17 (44,7%) AME I. Todos con confirmación genética. El puntaje total fue 51,92 ± 17, correspondiendo 31% a CV buena, 55% regular y 14% baja. En AME I fue 46,5 ± 15,2 y en AME II-III, 56,3 ± 17,4 (p = 0,071). Para el ámbito de Enfermedad fue 53,83 ± 18,1, de Familia 48,6 ± 23,14 y Comunicación 33,3 (RIC: 0,0-83,33). En este último, tuvieron mayor puntaje los pacientes con AME II o III, los mayores de 6 años, los con menor apoyo ventilatorio y los residentes en regiones. Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariado solamente el tipo de AME fue significativo, explicando 40,9% de la variación del puntaje del área de comunicación.Conclusiones: En esta muestra de pacientes con AME, la calidad de vida fue regular a buena en la mayoría. El área más baja fue la de Comunicación, con mayor puntaje en aquellos con mayor capacidad motora funcional.
Cirugía bariátrica en adolescentes con obesidad severa: Recomendaciones de la Rama de Nutrición, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría
Authors: Amezquita G. Maria Virginia , Baeza L. Cecilia , Ríos E. Matias , Francesetti M. Valeria , Rybertt V. Vivian , Gutiérrez R. Mariolly 
Published: August 2020

En los últimos años, la obesidad severa en adolescentes ha aumentado a nivel mundial y Chile no es la excepción a este fenómeno. Es conocido que esta condición aumenta exponencialmente los riesgos para la salud y se asocia a mortalidad prematura. Desde el año 2008, diversas guías de tratamiento de obesidad pediátrica han incluido a la cirugía bariátrica como una estrategia de tratamiento para adolescentes obesos severos seleccionados. Estos procedimientos han mostrado ser seguros y eficaces en adultos. Un cuerpo emergente de evidencia demuestra que, en centros especializados, en el corto y mediano plazo se obtendrían resultados similares en adolescentes. Sin embargo, en este grupo de pacientes, la cirugía bariátrica tiene implícitos otros riesgos inherentes a la etapa de desarrollo en que se encuentran, y los resultados y complicaciones especialmente de largo plazo en gran medida son aún desconocidos. Por lo anterior y para el logro de los resultados esperados, es muy importante que la selección de pacientes, la cirugía y el seguimiento, sean realizados por equipos multidisciplinarios calificados, en centros hospitalarios que cuenten con la infraestructura adecuada, siendo imprescindible la adherencia de por vida al seguimiento médico y nutricional. El objetivo de este documento es presentar la postura de la Rama de Nutrición de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (SOCHIPE) frente a las diversas aristas a considerar para la adecuada indicación de estos procedimientos en adolescentes obesos severos.
Pengembangan Prototype Sistem E-Commerce pada Ajun Elektronik dengan Metode FAST
Authors: Sarwindah Sarwindah , Yanuarti Elly 
Published: August 2020

While the development of information technology is very influential for the progress of a business, promoting a business that is owned, then one of them by using an ecommerce website. E-commerce is a trading activity carried out online through a website.
Problems in electronic adjunct stores Stores still use a conventional system where if a buyer wants to buy the desired item, the buyer must come directly to the store and this condition makes marketing and sales hampered by distance and time. In addition, the promotion at Arjun Electronics Store has not been fully implemented properly because it is only done by directly informing buyers who come to the shop. the purpose of this research is to produce a system that can provide ease of introducing products in the electronic adjuncts and sell all electronic products for household needs. With e-commerce site that is able to provide information about goods to customers quickly through internet network technology. Where asthe FAST method is a fairly flexible framework for various types of projects and strategies. System development with the FAST method is carried out sequentially which includes the stages of scope definition, problem analysis, needs analysis, logical design, decision analysis, physical design and integration, construction and testing, insralation and delivery, The results of this study in the form of website-based e-commerce optimization. With this website, stores can expand marketing, consumers become easier to get information about goods without having to come to the Electronic Adjunct Store and with the (e-commerce), the store can facilitate the conventional transaction process that has been conventional to be modern and can certainly make it easier to create sales reports that were previously still manual.
Kanser Tedavisi İçin Yatan Hastalarda Malnütrisyonun Antropometrik Ölçümler ve Kas Fonksiyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: Hopancı Bıçaklı Derya 
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Kanserde malnütrisyon, tümörden ya da tedavilerden kaynaklanan etkiler nedeniyle sık görülür. Bu çalışmanın amacı onkoloji kliniğinde yatan hastaların nütrisyonel durumlarını saptamak ve malnütrisyonun antropometrik ölçümler, kas fonksiyonları ve hastanede yatış süreleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Bireyler ve Yöntem: Bu prospektif, gözlemsel çalışma Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Onkoloji kliniğinde yatan, yaş ortalaması 51.7±16.3 yıl olan, 422 hasta (%49.1’i erkek, %50.9’u kadın) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastalara Nütrisyonel Risk Taraması (NRS-2002) yapılmış, skorun ≥3 olması malnütrisyonlu ya da malnütrisyon riski altında olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların beden kütle indeksi (BKİ), üst orta kol çevresi (ÜOKÇ), baldır çevresi (BÇ), el kavrama gücü ölçülmüş, günlük enerji ve protein alımları, aldıkları beslenme tedavileri ile hastanede yattıkları gün sayısı kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastaların %68.5’inin NRS-2002 skoru ≥3, %17.1’inin BKİ’si ≤18.5 kg/m2 olarak bulunmuştur. Hastaların %72.7’si tanı öncesinde ya da sonrasında vücut ağırlığı kaybetmiş, bunların %47.9’u >%10 vücut ağırlığı kaybetmiştir. El kavrama gücü erkeklerde <30 kg olanların oranı %57.7, kadınlarda <20 kg olanların oranı %67.4’tür. Hastaların %31.8’inin BÇ <31 cm, ÜOKÇ erkeklerde <26.4 cm olanların oranı %41.5, kadınlarda <23.2 cm olanların oranı %21’dir. Malnütrisyonlu olan ve olmayan hastaların oral enerji alımları (sırasıyla, 832.6±566.43 kkal/gün, 1525±691.25 kkal/gün), protein alımları (sırasıyla, 32.1±25.06 g/gün, 59.4±31.14 g/gün), BKİ (sırasıyla, 22.8±4.89 kg/m2, 26.6±4.53 kg/m2), BÇ (sırasıyla, 32.1±4.89 cm, 36.1±3.70 cm), el kavrama gücü (sırasıyla, 19.3±9.42 kg, 28.1±11.01 kg), ÜOKÇ (sırasıyla, 25.6±4.74 cm, 29.6±3.99 cm) ve hastanede kalış süresi (sırasıyla, 7.8±9.07 ve 5.1±6.46 gün) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.005). Malnütrisyondaki hastaların %45.9’u oral nütrisyonel destek ürünleri almış, %4.3’ü enteral ve %29.8’i parenteral yoldan beslenmiştir.
Sonuç: Onkoloji kliniğinde yatan hastalarda malnütrisyon yaygındır ve malnütrisyonlu hastaların antropometrik ölçümleri, oral alımları, kas fonksiyonları malnütrisyonu olmayanlardan daha düşük, yatış süreleri daha uzun bulunmuştur. Kanser hastaları tanıdan itibaren tedavinin her aşamasında nütrisyonel açıdan değerlendirilmeli ve izlenmelidir.
Stress Response in Swedish Ambulance Personnel during Priority-1 Alarms
Authors: Karlsson Kåre , Niemelä Patrik , Jonsson Anders , Törnhage Carl-Johan 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Ambulance personnel consider themselves as being healthy, but studies show they often suffer from stress-related illnesses. However, research on the causes of these stress-related illnesses is limited. This study aimed to examine the stress response of Swedish of ambulance personnel during priority-1 alarms. Methods During 90 priority-1 alarms salivary cortisol concentrations were measured at alarm and after end of alarm, and heart rates measured every 15 seconds. Thirteen men and six women participated in the study. A questionnaire with background data was collected. Non-parametric statistical tests were used. Results Elevated heart rate (median +34.7%) was associated with the actual priority-1 alarm, and during the alarm for women. Median salivary cortisol concentrations at alarm and after end of alarm (14.0 and 14.2 nmol/L respectively) showed non-significant differences. There were individual non-identical responses to the alarms. Alarms concerning traffic accidents, fast track and children generated the highest cortisol concentrations. The stress response showed non-significant differences in age, gender or level of education. Salivary cortisol concentrations and response were lower in the afternoon shift (2pm to 8pm). Conclusion The alarm causes increased heart rate at the group level but with individual different responses. Predefined fast track schedules and traffic accidents appear to generate measurable stress. Cortisol concentration follows normal diurnal variation of cortisol regarding time point for priority-1 alarms. Time of day does not affect the heart rate
Development of an SSR-based DNA fingerprinting method for black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild)
Authors: Bairu Michael , Coetzer Willem , Assefa Amelework 
Published: August 2020

Background: The most commonly used method for extracting DNA from plant leaf tissue involves cetyl trimethylammonium bromide but some species, such as Acacia mearnsii, contain high levels of secondary metabolites and polysaccharides that interfere with this process. Various modifications have been proposed for effective removal of these biomolecules but these methods can be time consuming. Therefore, this study was initiated to optimise the cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide protocol for the extraction of high-quality genomic DNA and to develop a fingerprinting tool using cross species transferable simple sequence repeat markers for genetic diversity studies in A. mearnsii.
Methods: Five CTAB-based modification were examined and 49 cross-species microsatellite markers, developed for several Acacia species, were tested in four multiplex panels of A. mearnsii populations.
Results: The modified protocol yields high quantity and quality DNA from A. mearnsii leaves using high concentration of NaCl to remove polysaccharides and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) to eliminate polyphenols during DNA purification. In addition, omitting the selective precipitation and NaCl gradient steps in the extraction protocol, enabled us to extract DNA 10–20 min faster than the normal protocol. Of the tested microsatellite loci, 11 were successful in amplifying sharp and high-intensity bands in all the four multiplex panels and were polymorphic. The level of polymorphism ranged from 0.115 to 0.794, with a mean 0.50 and mean number of alleles varied from 2 to 10, with overall mean of 6 alleles per locus. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.058 to 0.970 and 0.102 to 0.796, respectively. The 11 microsatellite loci that were effectively amplified from A. mearnsii DNA were adequate in detecting genetic variation among the tested populations.
Conclusions: These PCR-based, multi-allelic, co-dominant microsatellite markers provide a powerful tool for genetic, breeding and conservation studies in A. mearnsii.
Maximum entropy production principle: history and current status
Authors: Martyushev L M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The maximum entropy production principle (MEPP) was repeatedly and independently proposed in the mid-20th century in various fields of physics and proved to be extremely effective in various nonequilibrium problems. We describe the main areas of research that laid the foundations for this principle and discuss its modern form and limitations. We give special attention to a discussion of nonequilibrium phase transitions based on the MEPP and to the relation between the MEPP and other known assertions about the behavior of entropy. We discuss the role of this principle in the analysis of various modern problems in both physics and biology, including the laws of evolution and the definition of life.
Mycobacterial polymerases: A possible drug target for TB treatment
Authors: Meena Swati , Meena Laxman S. 
Published: August 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes a deadly disease called Tuberculosis (TB). It enters in a healthy person through respiration and ultimately reaches into lung epithelial cells, where it attacks on lung macrophages to replicate in it and increase its population. For replication process, polymerase activity is essential. There are some compounds which inhibit polymerase activity or denature polymerase enzyme such as Humic acid, Heparin, Urea, Organic compounds, Phenolic compounds etc. In this manuscript, we are trying to show importance of M. tuberculosis pathogenesis by using polymerase activity that may be therapeutic drug target for TB.
PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH DAN BANK UMUM KONVENSIONAL
Authors: Citarayani Irma , Syaputra Deddy 
Published: August 2020

<strong><em>The objective of this research is to make a comparison of the finance performance between Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia in the period 2013-2017 by using financial ratios. Financial ratios are used consisting of </em>FDR/ LDR, ROA, CAR, BOPO <em>and </em>NOM/NIM.<em> The data used in this research was obtained from the Financial Statements of Commercial Banks in 2013 to 2017, published by each Bank concerned. The sample in this research are </em>5 (<em>five</em>)<em> Islamic Commercial Banks </em>(Muamalat, Bank Syariah Mandiri, BNI Syariah, BCA Syariah dan BRI Syariah.)<em>, and </em>5 (<em>five</em>) <em>Conventional Commercial Banks </em>(BCA, BRI, BNI, Mandiri, dan Panin)<em>. Analytical techniques is used to see the comparison of financial performance of Islamic Commercial Banks with Conventional Commercial Bank. The analysis ratio also used by operating </em>Microsoft Office Excel 2007, <em>The</em> <em>analysis statistic descriptive and analysis of independent sample t-test is used by operating software </em>SPSS 24. <em>The analysis result showed that there are significant differences for each financial ratio between Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia. Islamic Commercial Banks has better performance in terms of </em>FDR/ LDR<em> ratio, while the Conventional Commercial Banks better performance in terms of the </em>ROA, CAR<em>, </em>NOM/ NIM<em>, and </em>BOPO <em>ratios.</em></strong>
PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP PEMBERDAYAAN MELALUI PENGALAMAN KERJA PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI
Authors: Wardhana, MM. Erik 
Published: August 2020

<em>The background of this research examines the effects of job satisfaction and work experience on employee-desire for empowerment</em>. <em>The objectives of this research was analyzed</em> <em>the effect of job satisfaction on empowerment</em>, <em>the effect of job satisfaction on work experience</em>, <em>the effect of work experience on empowerment</em>. <em>A sampling with purposive sampling techniques of two hundred Employee’s</em> <em>in</em> <em>Telecommunication company</em><em> as the respondents provided the data that were analyzed for this study. Using a sub-set of the sample consisting of was used to test three hypothesized relationships in the model. Data analysis in this research was used Structural Equation Model </em>(SEM)<em> to test the independent variables influence the dependent variable. </em> <em>The findings help to explain failures in organizational efforts to empower workers by demonstrating the critical role of job satisfaction and work experience behaviors in heightening employee-desire for empowerment.</em>
EVALUASI RISK DAN RETURN PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN
Authors: Rahmawantari Dhistianti Mei 
Published: August 2020

<em>The purpose of this study is to analyze the which listed companies in Agriculture Sector at Indonesia Stock Exchange has the most optimal financial performace . The population of this study are companies listed in Agriculture Sector at Indonesia Stock Exchange during January 2017 to December 2019.. The research sample used purposive sampling. The data sourced is monthly stock price downloaded from the Indonesia Yahoo Finance website. The analytical method used is a comparative analysis model. The methods studied are Risk Adjusted Return, Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio and Jensen Alpha Ratio. The findings of this study is PT. Sampoerna Agro Tbk. (SGRO) has the most optimal financial performance, followed by PT. Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Tech Tbk (SMAR) and PT. Perusahaan Prkbn Lndn Smtr Indnsa Tbk. (LSIP) during the periode of the research.</em>
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN KANTOR WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Noor, M.Si. Muhammad Irawan 
Published: August 2020

<em><span lang="SV">The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership and communication on the performance of PT. DKI Jakarta Regional Office BPJS Employment. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method using a survey system. The population in this study were employees at PT. DKI Jakarta Regional Office BPJS, totaling 30 employees. Researchers took and used all populations to be sampled using the method of multiple linear regression analysis and simple. The results showed that 1). Together leadership and communication greatly affect the performance of employees at PT. DKI Jakarta Regional Office BPJS Employment, 2). That leadership influences employee performance at PT. DKI Jakarta Regional Office BPJS Employment. 3). The results showed that communication affects the performance of employees at PT. DKI Jakarta Regional Office BPJS Employment.</span></em>
Machine Learning in a Molecular Modeling Course for Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biophysics Students
Authors: Remington Jacob M. , Ferrell Jonathon B. , Zorman Marlo , Petrucci Adam , Schneebeli Severin T. , Li Jianing 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent advances in computer hardware and software, particularly the availability of machine learning (ML) libraries, allow the introduction of data-based topics such as ML into the biophysical curriculum for undergraduate and graduate levels. However, there are many practical challenges of teaching ML to advanced level students in biophysics majors, who often do not have a rich computational background. Aiming to overcome such challenges, we present an educational study, including the design of course topics, pedagogic tools, and assessments of student learning, to develop the new methodology to incorporate the basis of ML in an existing biophysical elective course and engage students in exercises to solve problems in an interdisciplinary field. In general, we observed that students had ample curiosity to learn and apply ML algorithms to predict molecular properties. Notably, feedback from the students suggests that care must be taken to ensure student preparations for understanding the data-driven concepts and fundamental coding aspects required for using ML algorithms. This work establishes a framework for future teaching approaches that unite ML and any existing course in the biophysical curriculum, while also pinpointing the critical challenges that educators and students will likely face.
Design and formation of SiC (0001)/SiO2 interfaces via Si deposition followed by low-temperature oxidation and high-temperature nitridation
Authors: Kobayashi Takuma , Okuda Takafumi , Tachiki Keita , Ito Koji , Matsushita Yu-ichiro , Kimoto Tsunenobu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report an effective approach to reduce defects at a SiC/SiO2 interface. Since oxidation of SiC may inevitably lead to defect creation, the idea is to form the interface without oxidizing SiC. Our method consists of four steps: (i) H2 etching of SiC, (ii) Si deposition, (iii) low-temperature (∼750 °C) oxidation of Si to form SiO2, and (iv) high-temperature (∼1600 °C) N2 annealing to introduce nitrogen atoms. The interface state density estimated by a high (1 MHz)–low method is in the order of 1010 cm−2 eV−1, two orders of magnitude lower than that of an interface formed by SiC oxidation.