bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of the Immunochemical Determination of Apolipoproteins A-I and B: A Report on the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Meeting on Standardization of Apolipoprotein A-I and B Measurements (Basis for Future Consensus), Vienna, Austria, April 18-19, 1989
Authors: Marcovina Santica M , Albers John J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The central aim of standardization is to have accurate, reproducible apo A-I and B measurements for use in defining a person's risk for cardiovascular disease or in evaluating a therapeutic response. A common accuracy-based standardization program is indispensable in establishing international reference intervals for clinical use. It is therefore important that the standardization be implemented as soon as possible. Many problems of the standardization of apo A-I and B measurements have been presented and discussed in this meeting. Although immediate solutions to all the problems were not evident, following the recommendations from this meeting can significantly improve the standardization process.
The next step is to determine uniform reference intervals, followed by a consensus conference on apolipoproteins to define the cutpoints (cutoff values) for clinical decisions.
Protein Biomarker Quantification by Immunoaffinity Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Current State and Future Vision
Authors: Neubert Hendrik , Shuford Christopher M , Olah Timothy V , Garofolo Fabio , Schultz Gary A , Jones Barry R , Amaravadi Lakshmi , Laterza Omar F , Xu Keyang , Ackermann Bradley L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Immunoaffinity–mass spectrometry (IA-MS) is an emerging analytical genre with several advantages for profiling and determination of protein biomarkers. Because IA-MS combines affinity capture, analogous to ligand binding assays (LBAs), with mass spectrometry (MS) detection, this platform is often described using the term hybrid methods. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the principles of IA-MS and to demonstrate, through application, the unique power and potential of this technology. By combining target immunoaffinity enrichment with the use of stable isotope-labeled internal standards and MS detection, IA-MS achieves high sensitivity while providing unparalleled specificity for the quantification of protein biomarkers in fluids and tissues. In recent years, significant uptake of IA-MS has occurred in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the early stages of clinical development, enabling biomarker measurement previously considered unattainable. By comparison, IA-MS adoption by CLIA laboratories has occurred more slowly. Current barriers to IA-MS use and opportunities for expanded adoption are discussed. The path forward involves identifying applications for which IA-MS is the best option compared with LBA or MS technologies alone. IA-MS will continue to benefit from advances in reagent generation, more sensitive and higher throughput MS technologies, and continued growth in use by the broader analytical community. Collectively, the pursuit of these opportunities will secure expanded long-term use of IA-MS for clinical applications.
Text mining meets community curation: a newly designed curation platform to improve author experience and participation at WormBase
Authors: Arnaboldi Valerio , Raciti Daniela , Van Auken Kimberly , Chan Juancarlos N , Müller Hans-Michael , Sternberg Paul W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Biological knowledgebases rely on expert biocuration of the research literature to maintain up-to-date collections of data organized in machine-readable form. To enter information into knowledgebases, curators need to follow three steps: (i) identify papers containing relevant data, a process called triaging; (ii) recognize named entities; and (iii) extract and curate data in accordance with the underlying data models. WormBase (WB), the authoritative repository for research data on Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes, uses text mining (TM) to semi-automate its curation pipeline. In addition, WB engages its community, via an Author First Pass (AFP) system, to help recognize entities and classify data types in their recently published papers. In this paper, we present a new WB AFP system that combines TM and AFP into a single application to enhance community curation. The system employs string-searching algorithms and statistical methods (e.g. support vector machines (SVMs)) to extract biological entities and classify data types, and it presents the results to authors in a web form where they validate the extracted information, rather than enter it de novo as the previous form required. With this new system, we lessen the burden for authors, while at the same time receive valuable feedback on the performance of our TM tools. The new user interface also links out to specific structured data submission forms, e.g. for phenotype or expression pattern data, giving the authors the opportunity to contribute a more detailed curation that can be incorporated into WB with minimal curator review. Our approach is generalizable and could be applied to additional knowledgebases that would like to engage their user community in assisting with the curation. In the five months succeeding the launch of the new system, the response rate has been comparable with that of the previous AFP version, but the quality and quantity of the data received has greatly improved.
Raloxifene administration enhances retention in an orthodontic relapse model
Authors: Azami Niloufar , Chen Po-Jung , Mehta Shivam , Kalajzic Zana , Dutra Eliane H , Nanda Ravindra , Yadav Sumit 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and objectives
Orthodontic relapse is a physiologic process that involves remodelling of the alveolar bone and principle periodontal ligament fibres. Raloxifene is an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved selective oestrogen receptor modulator that inhibits systemic bone loss. In our study, we examined the effects of Raloxifene on alveolar bone modelling and orthodontic relapse in a rodent model.

Materials and methods
The efficacy of raloxifene was evaluated in 15-week-old male Wistar rats, 8 in each group (Control, Raloxifene, Raloxifene + 7-day relapse, Raloxifene + 14-day relapse) for a total of 42 days. All animals had 14 days of orthodontic tooth movement with a closed nickel–titanium coil spring tied from incisors to right first molar applying 5–8 gm of force. On the day of appliance removal, impression was taken with silicon material and the distance between first molar and second molar was filled with light-cured adhesive resin cement for retention phase. Raloxifene Retention, Raloxifene Retention + 7D, Raloxifene Retention + 14D groups received 14 daily doses of raloxifene (2.0 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously after orthodontic tooth movement during retention. After 14 days of retention, the retainer was removed and right first molar was allowed to relapse for a period of 14 days. Raloxifene injection continued for the Raloxifene + 14-day relapse group during relapse phase too. Control group received saline injections during retention. Animals were euthanized by CO2 inhalation. The outcome measure included percentage of relapse, bone volume fraction, tissue density, and histology analysis using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and determining receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB-ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin expression.

Results
Raloxifene Retention + 14D group had significantly less (P &lt; 0.05) orthodontic relapse when compared with other groups. There was a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in bone volume fraction and tissue density in the Raloxifene Retention + 14D group when compared with other groups. Similarly, there was significant decrease in number of osteoclasts and RANKL expression in Raloxifene Retention + 14D group when compared with Raloxifene Retention + 7D group (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Raloxifene could decrease post-orthodontic treatment relapse by decreasing bone resorption and indirectly enhancing bone formation.
The TATE model: a curriculum design framework for language teaching
Authors: Anderson Jason 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article proposes a curriculum design framework for instructed additional language learning comprising four phases: Text, Analysis, Task, Exploration (TATE). The framework is argued to be compatible with both natural order theory and skill acquisition theory through its ability to integrate meaning-focused tasks within a task-supported approach to language teaching that allows for both implicit and explicit learning processes to occur. It is presented as an integrated skills model consistent with contemporary research on the learning of both lexis and grammar, recognizing the importance of both written and spoken language practice during tasks. Evidence of current trends in global coursebook design is presented to support the framework from a sociocultural perspective. I argue that the framework is potentially compatible with CLIL and project-based approaches to language learning, but caution that the model is not presented as universally applicable; as such it is offered as a tool in the curriculum designer’s and teacher’s ‘toolbox’ for planning courses and curricula.
Falls Risk in Relation to Activity Exposure in High-Risk Older Adults
Authors: Del Din Silvia , Galna Brook , Lord Sue , Nieuwboer Alice , Bekkers Esther M J , Pelosin Elisa , Avanzino Laura , Bloem Bastiaan R , Olde Rikkert Marcel G M , Nieuwhof Freek , Cereatti Andrea , Della Croce Ugo , Mirelman Anat , Hausdorff Jeffrey M , Rochester Lynn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Physical activity is linked to many positive health outcomes, stimulating the development of exercise programs. However, many falls occur while walking and so promoting activity might paradoxically increase fall rates, causing injuries, and worse quality of life. The relationship between activity exposure and fall rates remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between walking activity (exposure to risk) and fall rates before and after an exercise program (V-TIME).

Methods
One hundred and nine older fallers, 38 fallers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 128 fallers with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were randomly assigned to one of two active interventions: treadmill training only or treadmill training combined with a virtual reality component. Participants were tested before and after the interventions. Free-living walking activity was characterized by volume, pattern, and variability of ambulatory bouts using an accelerometer positioned on the lower back for 1 week. To evaluate that relationship between fall risk and activity, a normalized index was determined expressing fall rates relative to activity exposure (FRA index), with higher scores indicating a higher risk of falls per steps taken.

Results
At baseline, the FRA index was higher for fallers with PD compared to those with MCI and older fallers. Walking activity did not change after the intervention for the groups but the FRA index decreased significantly for all groups (p ≤ .035).

Conclusions
This work showed that V-TIME interventions reduced falls risk without concurrent change in walking activity. We recommend using the FRA index in future fall prevention studies to better understand the nature of intervention programs.
Longitudinal Association Between Energy Regulation and Fatigability in Mid-to-Late Life
Authors: Schrack Jennifer A , Wanigatunga Amal A , Zipunnikov Vadim , Kuo Pei-Lun , Simonsick Eleanor M , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeficits in energy production and utilization have been linked to higher fatigue and functional decline with aging. Lesser known is whether individuals with a combination of low peak energy capacity and high energy costs for mobility (eg, impaired energy regulation) are more likely to experience the onset and progression of high fatigability with aging.MethodsParticipants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 651, 49.0% male, mean age 71.9, range 50–94) with ≥2 visits who completed fatigability (Borg rating of perceived exertion [RPE] after a 5-minute 1.5 mph treadmill walk), slow walking energy expenditure (VO2 mL/kg/min), and peak walking energy expenditure (VO2 mL/kg/min), testing between 2007 and 2018. The longitudinal association between each measure of energy expenditure, a ratio of energy cost-to-capacity, and perceived fatigability was modeled using mixed effects models adjusted for age, body composition, and comorbidities. Time to higher perceived fatigability (RPE ≥ 10) was modeled using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsIn continuous analyses, higher slow walking energy expenditure (p &lt; .05) and a higher cost ratio (p ≤ .001) were associated with greater perceived fatigability over time. Cox proportional hazards models using tertiles of the cost ratio suggest that, compared to those in the lowest tertile, those in the middle and highest tertiles had 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–5.16) and 2.85 (95% CI: 1.05–3.40) times greater risk of developing higher fatigability, respectively.ConclusionFindings suggest that strategies to prevent fatigability should consider methods to improve energy regulation by targeting both the independent and combined effects of declining peak capacity and rising energy costs for mobility with aging.
Distinguishing the Impact of Age on Semantic and Nonsemantic Associations in Episodic Memory
Authors: Jarjat Gabriel , Ward Geoff , Hot Pascal , Portrat Sophie , Loaiza Vanessa M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Refreshing, or the act of briefly foregrounding recently presented but now perceptually absent representations, has been identified as a possible source of age differences in working memory and episodic memory. We investigated whether the refreshing deficit contributes to the well-known age-related deficit for retrieving nonsemantic associations, but has no impact on existing semantic associations.

Method
Younger and older adults judged the relatedness of stimulus word pairs (e.g., pink–blue or pink–cop) after repeating or refreshing one of the words. During a later source recognition memory test, participants determined whether each item recognized as old was presented on the left or right (nonsemantic source memory) and presented in a related or unrelated pair (semantic source memory). The data were analyzed using a hierarchical Bayesian implementation of a multinomial model of multidimensional source memory.

Results
Neither age group exhibited a refreshing benefit to nonsemantic or semantic source memory parameters. There was a large age difference in nonsemantic source memory, but no age difference in semantic source memory.

Discussion
The study suggests that the nature of the association is most important to episodic memory performance in older age, irrespective of refreshing, such that source memory is unimpaired for semantically meaningful information.
A Review of Qualitative Research of Perception and Experiences of Dementia Among Adults From Black, African, and Caribbean Background: What and Whom Are We Researching?
Authors: Roche Moïse , Higgs Paul , Aworinde Jesutofunmi , Cooper Claudia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlack, African, and Caribbean (BAC) families are disproportionately affected by dementia but engage less with services. Studies reporting their experiences of dementia have tended to aggregate people from diverse backgrounds, without considering the impact of this diversity, or researchers’ ethnicities. We investigated participants’ and researchers’ ethnic identities, exploring how this relates to findings.Research Design and MethodsWe searched electronic databases in September 2018, for qualitative studies exploring how participants of Black ethnicity understand and experience dementia and dementia care. We reported participants’ and researchers’ ethnicities, and meta-synthesized qualitative findings regarding how ethnicity influences experiences and understanding of dementia.ResultsTwenty-eight papers reported 25 studies; in United States (n = 17), United Kingdom (n = 7), and Netherlands (n = 1). 350/492 (71%) of participants were in U.S. studies and described as African American; participants in U.K. studies as Caribbean (n = 45), African/Caribbean (n = 44), African (n = 28), Black British (n = 7), or Indo-Caribbean (n = 1); and in Netherlands as Surinamese Creole (n = 17). 6/25 (24%) of studies reported involving recruiters/interviewers matching participants’ ethnicity; and 14/25 (56%) involved an author/advisor from a BAC background during analysis/procedures. We identified four themes: Dementia does not relate to me; Inappropriate and disrespectful services; Kinship and responsibility; Importance of religion.Discussion and ImplicationsStudies were mostly from a U.S. African American perspective, by researchers who were not of BAC background. Themes of dementia diagnosis and services feeling less relevant to participants than the majority population resonated across studies. We caution against the racialization of these findings, which can apply to many differing minority groups.
Activity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Liver Transplantation for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Predicts Poorer Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Peverelle Matthew , Paleri Sarang , Hughes Jed , De Cruz Peter , Gow Paul J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity on long-term outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is unknown. We examined the impact of post-LT IBD activity on clinically significant outcomes.

Methods
One hundred twelve patients undergoing LT for PSC from 2 centers were studied for a median of 7 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their IBD activity after LT: no IBD, mild IBD, and moderate to severe IBD. Patients were classified as having moderate to severe IBD if they met at least 1 of 3 criteria: (i) Mayo 2 or 3 colitis or Simple Endoscopic Score–Crohn’s Disease ≥7 on endoscopy; (ii) acute flare of IBD necessitating steroid rescue therapy; or (iii) post-LT colectomy for medically refractory IBD.

Results
Moderate to severe IBD at any time post-transplant was associated with a higher risk of Clostridium difficile infection (27% vs 8% mild IBD vs 8% no IBD; P = 0.02), colorectal cancer/high-grade dysplasia (21% vs 3% both groups; P = 0.004), post-LT colectomy (33% vs 3% vs 0%) and rPSC (64% vs 18% vs 20%; P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that moderate to severe IBD increased the risk of both rPSC (relative risk [RR], 8.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.81–27.59; P &lt; 0.001) and colorectal cancer/high-grade dysplasia (RR, 10.45; 95% CI, 3.55–22.74; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Moderate to severe IBD at any time post-LT is associated with a higher risk of rPSC and colorectal neoplasia compared with mild IBD and no IBD. Patients with no IBD and mild IBD have similar post-LT outcomes. Future prospective studies are needed to determine if more intensive treatment of moderate to severe IBD improves long-term outcomes in patients undergoing LT for PSC.
Participatory constitution-building in Fiji: A comparison of the 1993–1997 and the 2012–2013 processes
Authors: Saati Abrak 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Participatory constitution-building during times of transition from war to peace or from authoritarian to democratic rule is quickly becoming an established norm. This article analyzes and compares two Fijian participatory processes; the 1993–1997 process and the 2012–2013 process. The purpose of doing so is to understand the extent to which these processes were genuinely participatory in terms of extending the Fijians’ possibility of influencing the content of the constitution. The article concludes that these processes were merely symbolic in terms of public participation; that there is not much that public participation can achieve in and by itself; and that the sequencing of public participation and secluded political elite negotiations in the context of constitution-building during times of transition is a field of research that is in dire need of further systematic analysis, particularly as an increasing amount of post-conflict and post-authoritarian states endeavor participatory constitution-building.
Virtually Cocompactly Cubulated Artin–Tits Groups
Authors: Haettel Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We give a conjectural classification of virtually cocompactly cubulated Artin–Tits groups (i.e., having a finite index subgroup acting geometrically on a CAT(0) cube complex), which we prove for all Artin–Tits groups of spherical type, FC type, or two-dimensional type. A particular case is that for $n \geqslant 4$, the $n$-strand braid group is not virtually cocompactly cubulated.
Kinetics of Hepatitis B Core–Related Antigen and Anti–Hepatitis B Core Antibody and Their Association With Serological Response in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Hepatitis B Coinfection
Authors: Dezanet Lorenza N C , Maylin Sarah , Gabassi Audrey , Rougier Hayette , Miailhes Patrick , Lascoux-Combe Caroline , Chas Julie , Girard Pierre-Marie , Delaugerre Constance , Lacombe Karine , Boyd Anders 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of the current study was to describe the kinetics of quantified hepatitis B core–related antigen (qHBcrAg) and quantified anti–hepatitis B core antibody (qAnti-HBc) during tenofovir (TDF) treatment and assess their ability to predict hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroclearance in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus.

Methods
Serum qHBcrAg, qAnti-HBc, and hepatitis B virus DNA were obtained at TDF initiation and every 6–12 months. The on-treatment kinetics of qHBcrAg (ΔqHBcrAg) and qAnti-HBc (ΔqAnti-HBc) were estimated using mixed-effect linear regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) assessing the association between markers and HBeAg seroclearance were calculated using proportional hazards regression, and the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of marker levels in predicting HBeAg seroclearance were assessed using time-dependent receiving operating characteristic curves.

Results
During a median of 4.6 years, the cumulative incidences of hepatitis B surface antigen and HBeAg seroclearance were 3.2% (n = 5 of 158) and 27.4% (n = 26 of 95), respectively. ΔqHBcrAg was biphasic in HBeAg-positive patients (−0.051 and −0.011 log10 U/mL/mo during ≤18 and &gt;18 months, respectively) and monophasic in HBeAg-negative patients. ΔqAnti-HBc was monophasic regardless of HBeAg status. In HBeAg-positive patients, baseline qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc levels were associated with HBeAg seroclearance (adjusted HR, 0.48/log10 U/mL [95% confidence interval, .33–.70] and unadjusted HR, 1.49/log10 Paul Ehrlich Institute units/mL [1.08–2.07], respectively). Cutoffs with the highest accuracy in predicting HBeAg seroclearance at 36 months were qHBcrAg &lt;6.5 log10 U/mL at month 24 (Se, 1; Sp, 0.58) and baseline qAnti-HBc ≥4.1 log10 Paul Ehrlich Institute units/mL (Se, 0.42; Sp, 0.81).

Conclusions
In coinfected patients undergoing TDF, qHBcrAg/qAnti-HBc could be of use in monitoring HBeAg seroclearance.