bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of the role of bladder scanning and post-void residual volume measurement in improving diagnostic accuracy of cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Katzouraki Galateia , Zubairi Akbar Jaleel , Hershkovich Oded , Grevitt Michael P. 
Published: May 2020

Aims Diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome (CES) remains difficult; clinical assessment has low accuracy in reliably predicting MRI compression of the cauda equina (CE). This prospective study tests the usefulness of ultrasound bladder scans as an adjunct for diagnosing CES. Methods A total of 260 patients with suspected CES were referred to a tertiary spinal unit over a 16-month period. All were assessed by Board-eligible spinal surgeons and had transabdominal ultrasound bladder scans for pre- and post-voiding residual (PVR) volume measurements before lumbosacral MRI. Results The study confirms the low predictive value of ‘red flag’ symptoms and signs. Of note ‘bilateral sciatica’ had a sensitivity of 32.4%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of only 17.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 88.3%. Use of a PVR volume of ≥ 200 ml was a demonstrably more accurate test for predicting cauda equina compression on subsequent MRI (p < 0.001). The PVR sensitivity was 94.1%, specificity 66.8%, PPV 29.9% and NPV 98.7%. The PVR allowed risk-stratification with 13% patients deemed ‘low-risk’ of CES. They had non-urgent MRI scans. None of the latter scans showed any cauda equina compression (p < 0.006) or individuals developed subsequent CES in the intervening period. There were considerable cost-savings associated with the above strategy. Conclusion This is the largest reported prospective evaluation of suspected CES. Use of the PVR volume ≥ 200 ml was considerably more accurate in predicting CES. It is a useful adjunct to conventional clinical assessment and allows risk-stratification in managing suspected CES. If adopted widely it is less likely incomplete CES would be missed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):677–682.
Sport after total hip arthroplasty: undoubted progress but still some unknowns
Authors: Meek R. M. Dominic , Treacy Ronan , Manktelow Andrew , Timperley John A. , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: May 2020

In this review, we discuss the evidence for patients returning to sport after hip arthroplasty. This includes the choices regarding level of sporting activity and revision or complications, the type of implant, fixation and techniques of implantation, and how these choices relate to health economics. It is apparent that despite its success over six decades, hip arthroplasty has now evolved to accommodate and support ever-increasing patient demands and may therefore face new challenges.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):661–663.
Eksekusi Mati Javanese Al-Hallaj Dalam Suluk Jawa
Authors: Muzairi Muzairi 
Published: May 2020

It is very striking how Javanese Al Hallaj in the text of Suluk Jawa here published, is described as a mystic who propagated the “Science of Reality” to the uninitiated public imitating the conduct of Shaikh Siti Jenar, Sunan Panggung, Ki Bebeluk and Shaikh Amongraga. It is my intention here to discuss this common motif of conflict between traditional Javanese mysticism and orthodox, legalistic Islam, as reflected in these traditions, in order to gain some insight into the motif and significance of the Suluk Jawa.
Beragama Di Tengah Badai Kemanusiaan
Authors: Mutiullah Mutiullah 
Published: May 2020

Religion is one requirement of human life. Since beginning of life, human needs religion as guide to appoint the good conditions. It has many contributions to civilizations such as hopefully to save. Also, it gives solving to many human’s problems. Recently, religion has challenging that is to solve many social conflicts as poverty and fundamentalism thoughts. So, what should religion does? There are two answers. The first, religion has to reinterpret his dogma. The second is religion as future ideology must to solve many human problems.
In Vitro Effectiveness of Neem Oil (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Shampoo as Anti Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)
Authors: Putriana Norisca A. , Hakim Azizul , Husni Patihul , Rusdiana Taofik 
Published: May 2020

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), a parasite causing hair problem, often occurs in society.The study aimed to evaluate in vitroeffectiveness of shampoo formulation containing neem oil as an anti head lice. An experimental method was used to examine the formulation of shampoo, irritation test, testing the effectiveness of shampoo against head lice (Pediculicidal activity), and testing the effectiveness of shampoo against nits (Ovicidal activity). The effectiveness test employed an in vitromethod where neem oil shampoo were tested directly towards head lices and nits isolated from humans, then the mortality was observed. To recognize the safety of the shampoo, skin and eye irritation tests were carried out by applying 0.5 ml on the skin and dripping 0.1 ml shampoo into New Zealand white rabbit’s eyes.Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. The study results showed that the primary irritation index for 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% neem oil shampoo were 0; 0111; 0.222; and 0.222, respectively. All of the shampoos were very mild irritation response category. Eye irritation tests showed that only the 20% neem oil shampoo gave a mild irritation response with degree of corneal opacity ≥ 1 and recovered after 7 days of observation. The 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% neem oil shampoo were effective as an anti head lice. The 15% and 20% neem oil shampoo had anti head lice effectiveness activity as same as 1% permethrin lotion. In conclusion, the 15% neem oil shampoo was chosen as the best shampoo, its high anti head lice effect and light irritation response. Keywords: Head lice, neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), shampoo
Assessment of Factors Influencing Adherence to Antidiabetic Drugs among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: H C Nandini , Gali Akshay , Muraraiah Sushma 
Published: May 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder that requires long-term treatment. Non-adherence to anti-diabetic drugs is common and associated with poor outcomes. Non-adherence leads to complications, higher incidence of hospital admissions and imposes economic burden. Hence, the present study was undertaken to measure adherence to anti-diabetic medication and factors contributing to it. This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients on anti-diabetic medication after taking their informed consent in a tertiary care hospital in India. Each patient’s demographic, clinical, and treatment data along with the adherence to treatment has been assessed during a personal interview with each patient using Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5). Factors contributing to medication adherence was assessed using chi-square test. A total of 250 patients were recruited in the study. The mean age was 54 years and non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications was 21.6%. Univariate Analysis showed that marital status, education status, good glycemic control, illness >5years had a statistically significant association (p=<0.05) with self-reported adherence to anti-diabetic medication.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of X-linked mental retardation 102 type caused by novel mutations in the DDX3X gene (OMIM:300958)
Authors: Dadali E. L. , Markova T. V. , Levchenko O. A. , Chukhrova A. L. , Shchagina O. A. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction. X-linked mental retardation 102 type caused by novel mutations in the DDX3X gene is one of the most common monogenic variants of intellectual deficiency in women.Purpose of the study. Description of the clinical and genetic characteristics of Russian female patients with type 102 mental retardation due to newly identified mutations.Materials and methods. The diagnosis of mental retardation of type 102 was established on the basis of the features of clinical manifestations and the detection of the mutations in the DDX3X gene as a result of exome sequencing and subsequent confirmation of the identified variants of Sanger sequencing.Results. A description is given of the clinical and genetic characteristics of two female patients with type 102 X-linked mental retardation due newly to identified mutations p.1703C> G and c.113A> G (NM_001193416) in the DDX3X gene in the heterozygous state. New features of the phenotype are described. The mechanism of the appearance of clinical and genetic correlations is suggested, which can be used as a prognostic marker of the development of the disease.Conclusion. Clinical and genetic characteristics of two patients with mutations in the DDX3X gene that violate the amino acid sequence of different protein regions with different severity of clinical manifestations are described. The results obtained may testify in favor of the existence of a dependence of the severity of the phenotype on the localization and nature of mutations in the gene and determine the relevance of further research aimed at searching for clinical and genetic correlations.
Efektivitas Mendengarkan Murottal Al-Quran Dalam Menurunkan Tingkat Insomnia Pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Aprilini Masita , Mansyur Ahmad Yasser , Ridfah Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of listening murottal Quran to reduce insomnia level in student. The research subjects were chosen by purposive sampling technique. The subject of this research were 5 students who experienced insomnia and measured using insomnia severity index. This research using one group pretest-posttest design experiment. Murottal Quran, Surah Ar-Rahman, was heard using MP3 player, with duration of 16.00 minutes for 8 days before bedtime. The results of data testing using Wilcoxon test find a significance level of 0.031 (p <0.05), pretest mean is 17.6, and posttest mean is 11.6. The results show that listening to murottal Quran is effective in reduced insomnia levels in students.
Development of a TB vaccine trial site in Africa and lessons from the Ebola experience.
Authors: Kaguthi Grace , Nduba Videlis , Rabuogi Prisca , Okelloh Douglas , Ouma Samuel G. , Blatner Gretta , Gelderbloem Sebastian J. , Mitchell Ellen M.H. , Scott Cherise P. , Verver Suzanne , Hawkridge Anthony , de Steenwinkel Jurriaan E.M , Laserson Kayla F. , Richardus Jan Hendrik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Tuberculosis is the deadliest infection of our time. In contrast, about 11,000 people died of Ebola between 2014 and 2016. Despite this manifest difference in mortality, there is now a vaccine licensed in the United States and by the European Medicines Agency, with up to 100% efficacy against Ebola. The developments that led to the trialing of the Ebola vaccine were historic and unprecedented. The single licensed TB vaccine (BCG) has limited efficacy. There is a dire need for a more efficacious TB vaccine. To deploy such vaccines, trials are needed in sites that combine high disease incidence and research infrastructure. We describe our twelve-year experience building a TB vaccine trial site in contrast to the process in the recent Ebola outbreak. There are additional differences. Relative to the Ebola pipeline, TB vaccines have fewer trials and a paucity of government and industry led trials. While pathogens have varying levels of difficulty in the development of new vaccine candidates, there yet appears to be greater interest in funding and coordinating Ebola interventions. TB is a global threat that requires similar concerted effort for elimination.
DSG2 expression is correlated with poor prognosis and promotes early-stage cervical cancer
Authors: Qin Shuhang , Liao Yuandong , Du Qiqiao , Wang Wei , Huang Jiaming , Liu Pan , Shang Chunliang , Liu Tianyu , Xia Meng , Yao Shuzhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis and developmental mechanism of early-stage (FIGO 2009 IA2-IIA2) cervical cancer (CC) remain unclear. Seeking novel molecular biomarkers based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) will facilitate the understanding of CC pathogenesis and help evaluate early-stage CC prognosis. Methods: To identify prognosis-related genes in early-stage CC, we analyzed TCGA mRNA-seq data and clinical data by univariate Cox and Kaplan-Meier plotter analyses. Differential expression analysis identified upregulated genes in early-stage CC. Combined with the genes correlated with unfavorable prognosis, we selected DSG2 for further investigation. To detect DSG2 expression in early-stage CC, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The relationship between the expression of DSG2 and clinical features was analyzed by the chi-square test. Cox analysis was applied to assess the relationship between CC overall survival (OS) and risk factors. The correlations between DSG2 expression and CC cell line proliferation and migration were investigated with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and migration assays. Results: There were 416 prognosis-related genes in early-stage CC. DSG2, MMP1, CA9, HOXA1, and SERPINB3 were upregulated in early-stage CC compared with adjacent noncancerous tissue (ANT) and correlated with unfavorable prognosis. Among them, DSG2 was most significantly correlated with patient survival. Coexpression analysis indicated that DSG2 was probably involved in cell division, positive regulation of transferase activity, positive regulation of cell migration, EGFR upregulation pathway and regulation of lymphangiogenesis. IHC, qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that DSG2 expression was higher in CC than in normal tissue. Significant correlations were identified between DSG2 expression and several aggressive clinical features, including pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that DSG2 and PLNM were independent prognostic factors for OS. DSG2 knockdown inhibited CC cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions: DSG2 is a new biomarker that promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis and is correlated with poor prognosis in early-stage CC.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in two peanut varieties under drought stress
Authors: Jiang Chunji , Li Xinlin , Zou Jixiang , Ren Jingyao , Jin Chunyi , Zhang He , Yu Haiqiu , Jin Hua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Peanut is one of the most important world oil crops. Peanut qualities and yields are restricted dramatically by abiotic stresses particularly by drought. Therefore, it would be beneficial to gain a comprehensive understanding on regulatory mechanisms of the peanut genomic transcriptional activities responding to drought, and hopefully extracting peanut molecular drought-resistance mechanisms.
Results
In this study, two peanut varieties NH5 (resistant) and FH18 (sensitive) which showed significantly differential drought-resistance were screened from twenty-three main commercial peanut cultivars and used for physiological characterization and transcriptomic analysis. NH5 leaves showed higher water and GSH contents, faster stomatal closure and lower relative conductivity (REC) than FH18. Under the time-course of 0 h (CK), 4 h (DT1), 8 h (DT2) and 24 h (DT3), drought-treatments tent to exert repressive impacts on peanut transcriptomes since the number of down-regulated differential expressed genes (DEGs) increased with the progression of treatments in both varieties.
Conclusions
Nevertheless, NH5 seemed to maintain stabler transcriptomic dynamics than FH18. Furthermore, annotations of identified DEGs implicated that signal transduction, elimination of reactive oxygen species, maintenance of cell osmotic potential were key drought-resistance-related pathways. Last, examination of ABA and SA components suggested that the fast stomata closure in NH5 was likely to be mediated through SA rather than ABA signaling. In all, these results have not only provided us comprehensive pictures of peanut drought transcriptomic changes, but also laid a foundation for further identification of the molecular drought tolerance mechanism in peanut and other oil crops.
Ophthalmic assessment of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia – retrospective study
Authors: Wojcik-Niklewska Bogumila , Sarnat-Kucharczyk Monika , Filipek Erita , Sobczyk Jerzy , Kohut Janina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Transcriptome and mebabolomic profiling: the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings
Authors: Xie Dejin , Chen Lingyan , Zhou Chengcheng , Tarin Muhammad Waqqas Khan , Yang Deming , Ren Ke , He Tianyou , Rong Jundong , Zheng Yushan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb, having medicinal significance as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. Recently, China has initiated to establish cultivation of this plant in greenhouse under artificial light-emitting diodes (LED). However, little is known regarding the effects of the different LED lights on plant growth, accumulation pattern of secondary metabolites, and the molecular mechanism of Sarcandra glabra.
Results
Compared to white light (WL), the red light (RL) increased the height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area, while blue light (BL) suppressed the height and leaf area. According to our transcriptome profiling, some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We identified 46 unigenes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, while the expression level of RNA-seq and qPCR were largely consistent. Meanwhile, we found 53 unigenes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and 53 unigenes encoding bHLH proteins that several of them were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. Based on metabolomic profiling, a total of 454 metabolites were detected and the distribution of chemicals varied significantly. While flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins were mainly located in leaves; Organic acids, lignans and coumarins, and terpenoids were much more abundant in WG (root tissue under WL). Meanwhile, the yields of most flavonoids from BY (leaf tissue under BL) and the synthesis of primarily targeted compounds was lower than in WY (leaf tissue under WL) and RY (leaf tissue under RL). Instead, the leaves grown under RL exhibited a greater production of bioactive phytochemicals such as esculetin, fraxetin, esculin, and scopoletin.
Conclusion
These results provide further insight into the molecular mechanism of metabolites accumulation patterns in S. glabra under different light conditions, enabling the development of optimum breeding conditions for this plant.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival of Pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database
Authors: Wang Yadong , Liu Jichang , Huang Cuicui , Zeng Yukai , Liu Yong , Du Jiajun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer remains the highest tumor mortality rate. In 2015, the cancer classification guidelines of the World Health Organization were updated. The term “invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA)” arouse people's attention, while the clinicopathological factors that may influence survival were unclear.Methods: Data of IMA patients was downloaded from SEER database. Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests were used to compare the differences in OS and LCSS. The nomogram was developed based on the result of the multivariable analysis. The discrimination and accuracy were tested by Harrell's concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analyses (DCA). Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results: According to multivariate analysis, the prognosis of IMAs was associated with age, differentiation grade, TNM stage and treatments. Surgery might be the only way that would improve survival. Area under the curve (AUC) of the training cohort was 0.837and 0.840 for3-and 5-year OS, respectively. AUC for 3-and 5-year LCSS were separately 0.839 and 0.844. The new model was then evaluated by calibration curve, DCA and IDI index.Conclusion: Based on this study, prognosis of IMAs was systematically reviewed, and a new nomogram was developed and validated. This will help to comprehensively evaluate the prognosis of IMA patients and formulate reasonable treatment measures.
Status of MWth Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) Power Generation System Demonstration in China
Authors: Wei Chang , Liu Zhien , Li Chufu , Singh Surinder , Lu Haoren , Gong Yudong , Li Pingping , Wang Hanlin , Yang Xia , Xu Ming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper provides status update of IGFC power generation system being developed at National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon (NICE) at MW th scale. This system is designed to use coal as fuel to produce syngas as a first step similar to integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCC). Subsequently, the solid oxide fuel cell system is used to convert chemical energy to electricity electrochemically without combustion, which is different from IGCC. This system leads to a higher efficiency as compared to a traditional coal-fired power plant. The unreacted fuel in the SOFC system is transported to an oxygen-combustor to be converted to steam and CO 2 . Through heat recovery system, the steam is condensed and removed, and CO 2 is enriched and captured for sequestration or other application, such as co-electrolysis of CO 2 and H 2 O using curtailed renewable energy for production of syngas. Comprehensive economic analysis for a typical IGFC system was performed and the results were compared with supercritical pulverized coal-fired (SCPC) power plant, showing the cost of electricity (COE) of IGFC could be up to 20% lower than that by SCPC with CO 2 capture. The SOFC stacks selected for IGFC development were tested and qualified under both hydrogen and simulated coal syngas fuel showing good consistency and stable long term performance. Experimental results using SOFC stacks and thermodynamic analysis (using ASPEN Plus) indicate that the hydrogen to CO ratio of the syngas is preferred to be 1.68 or higher to avoid carbon deposition inside of the fuel pipe. For lower H 2 /CO ratio, steam to CO ratio needs to be higher. Besides, the steam needs to be mixed well with the syngas above 100 o C and below the temperatures where carbon formation is thermodynamically favored. The 20kW SOFC power generation unit is being developed with design system conditions of 20 kW maximum power, current density of 0.334 A/cm 2 , DC efficiency of 50.41%, and fuel utilization of 80%. A 100kW subsystem will consist of 6 x 20kW power generation units, and the MW th IGFC system will consist of 5 x 100kW sub-systems.