bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a deep learning system for the joint automated detection of diabetic retinopathy and age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: González‐Gonzalo Cristina , Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Verónica , Hernández‐Martínez Paula , Contreras Inés , Lechanteur Yara T. , Domanian Artin , van Ginneken Bram , Sánchez Clara I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo validate the performance of a commercially available, CE‐certified deep learning (DL) system, RetCAD v.1.3.0 (Thirona, Nijmegen, The Netherlands), for the joint automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in colour fundus (CF) images on a dataset with mixed presence of eye diseases.MethodsEvaluation of joint detection of referable DR and AMD was performed on a DR‐AMD dataset with 600 images acquired during routine clinical practice, containing referable and non‐referable cases of both diseases. Each image was graded for DR and AMD by an experienced ophthalmologist to establish the reference standard (RS), and by four independent observers for comparison with human performance. Validation was furtherly assessed on Messidor (1200 images) for individual identification of referable DR, and the Age‐Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) dataset (133 821 images) for referable AMD, against the corresponding RS.ResultsRegarding joint validation on the DR‐AMD dataset, the system achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 95.1% for detection of referable DR (SE = 90.1%, SP = 90.6%). For referable AMD, the AUC was 94.9% (SE = 91.8%, SP = 87.5%). Average human performance for DR was SE = 61.5% and SP = 97.8%; for AMD, SE = 76.5% and SP = 96.1%. Regarding detection of referable DR in Messidor, AUC was 97.5% (SE = 92.0%, SP = 92.1%); for referable AMD in AREDS, AUC was 92.7% (SE = 85.8%, SP = 86.0%).ConclusionThe validated system performs comparably to human experts at simultaneous detection of DR and AMD. This shows that DL systems can facilitate access to joint screening of eye diseases and become a quick and reliable support for ophthalmological experts.
Listen to the voice of the customer—First steps towards stakeholder democracy
Authors: Edinger‐Schons Laura Marie , Lengler‐Graiff Lars , Scheidler Sabrina , Mende Gina , Wieseke Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently, calls have grown louder for more stakeholder democracy that is, letting stakeholders participate in the process of organizing, decision‐making, and governance in corporations, especially in the area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. Despite the relevance of the subject, the impact of customer involvement in CSR on their company‐related attitudes and behaviors still represents a major research void. The paper at hand develops a conceptual framework of consumer involvement in CSR based on the existing literature, theories of stakeholder democracy, and organizational boundaries as well as drawing from the qualitative focus group interviews (N = 24). The framework is tested on a large scale, two‐time point field‐experimental study (N = 3,397). More specifically, consumer reactions to three degrees of customer involvement (i.e., information, feedback, and dialogue) are tested in two different CSR domains (i.e., company‐internal business process vs. company‐external philanthropic CSR). Results indicate that the customer involvement in CSR has a more beneficial effect in terms of strengthening customer outcomes in CSR domains that directly affect external stakeholders of the company (i.e., philanthropic CSR) than in domains that mainly concern company‐internal stakeholders (i.e., business process CSR).
Misusing uteruses? Childrearing capacity and access to transplantable wombs
Authors: Tonkens Ryan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn light of recent successful uterus transplantations, it is reasonable to expect that womb transplants will become more commonplace in the future. If this happens, important questions emerge about who should receive the donated wombs. Some arguments have been advanced that suggest that potential recipients should be screened for their anticipated childrearing capacity, as one component of a comprehensive process for determining eligibility. The main arguments provided in support of this position have to do with the presumed responsibility of the state to protect future children from harm, and with avoiding complicity for any resulting harm experienced by the child born through the transplanted uterus. The purpose of this paper is to reject this position, based on two main criticisms: (1) screening potential uterus recipients for anticipated childrearing ability, but not also screening other kinds of morally equal family builders, is unjustly discriminatory; and (2) with respect to actions performed in good faith (e.g. providing a transplantable uterus to someone for the purpose of having a child), one is not morally blameworthy for the consequences of those actions (a) that one did not intend, and (b) that were directly caused by someone else, and (c) where others are directly responsible for making sure that those consequences do not come about. These criticisms are sufficient for concluding that the state is not justified in assessing the anticipated childrearing capacity of potential uterus recipients, and this is so regardless of whether or not there is a scarcity of transplantable uteruses available.
Emergencies in haematology: tumour lysis syndrome
Authors: Durani Urshila , Hogan William J. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryTumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a significant complication of haematologic malignancies and their management. The syndrome consists of laboratory abnormalities either alone (laboratory TLS) or with clinical sequelae including renal failure, seizures, and arrhythmias (clinical TLS). Clinical TLS is a predictor for worse overall morbidity and mortality in cancer patients, but can be prevented. Thus, accurate prognostication is critical to appropriate management of patients at risk for TLS, and incorporates both disease factors (tumour type and burden) and patient factors (baseline renal insufficiency or hyperuricaemia). Strategies to prevent TLS include hydration and allopurinol in low‐ and intermediate‐risk patients and rasburicase in high‐risk patients.
Inequality and growth: What comes from the different inequality measures?
Authors: Bartak Jakub , Jabłoński Łukasz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to verify if income inequality impedes the growth rates in OECD countries in the period of 1990–2014 and to reveal whether the choice of the income inequality measure determines the sign and the strength of the estimated relationship. We use system GMM to estimate parameters of a dynamic panel growth model. The research indicates that income inequality negatively affects economic growth. We also find evidence that various measures of inequality bring the different scale of consequences for economic growth, with measures that give more weight to the middle part of the distribution being the weakest predictor of GDP growth. Simultaneously, we present the test of weak instruments, which helps to explain these differences.
Effects of dietary protein:carbohydrate balance on life‐history traits in six laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kim Kun , Jang Taehwan , Min Kyung‐Jin , Lee Kwang Pum 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a key model insect for studying life span and aging. Many laboratory strains of D. melanogaster are currently used by laboratories worldwide, but they are known to vary considerably in their physiology, behavior, and life histories. Although the importance of dietary protein:carbohydrate (P:C) balance as a predominant determinant of life span and other life‐history traits has been highlighted in recent research, it remains unexplored whether the impacts of P:C balance on these fitness‐related traits vary in a strain‐specific manner in D. melanogaster. In this study, we compared the life‐history consequences (life span, egg production rate, pre‐adult survival, development time, and body mass at eclosion) of six laboratory strains of D. melanogaster (w1118, yw, Oregon‐R, white Canton‐S, Canton‐S‐SNU, and Canton‐S‐Inha) allocated to one of four synthetic diets differing in P:C ratio (1:16, 1:4, 1:1, or 4:1). The effects of dietary P:C balance on various adult and larval life‐history traits were qualitatively similar across all strains studied in this study. Regardless of fly strain, adults exhibited a shortened life span and improved egg production on a diet with the highest P:C ratio of 4:1. In all strains, larvae raised on a diet comprising the lowest P:C ratio of 1:16 suffered high mortality, delayed development time, and reduced body mass. Despite the general similarity in the direction of the effect of P:C balance across strains, fly strains differed in the magnitude of their life‐history responses to dietary P:C balance, as indicated by a significant interaction between fly strain and dietary P:C ratio for all measured traits except body mass at eclosion. Possible mechanisms explaining such strain‐specific responses are discussed.
The association between stressors and telomeres in non‐human vertebrates: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Chatelain Marion , Drobniak Szymon M. , Szulkin Marta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnimal response to stressors such as harsh environmental conditions and demanding biological processes requires energy generated through increased mitochondrial activity. This results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro and some in vivo studies suggest that oxidative damage of DNA caused by ROS is responsible for telomere shortening. Since telomere length is correlated with survival in many vertebrates, telomere loss is hypothesised to trigger cellular ageing and/ or to reflect the harshness of the environment an individual has experienced. To improve our understanding of stress‐induced telomere dynamics in non‐human vertebrates, we analysed 109 relevant studies in a meta‐analytical framework. Overall, the exposure to possible stressors was associated with shorter telomeres or higher telomere shortening rate (average effect size = −0.16 ± 0.03). This relationship was consistent for all phylogenetic classes and for all a priori‐selected stressor categories. It was stronger in the case of pathogen infection, competition, reproductive effort and high activity level, which emphasises their importance in explaining intraspecific telomere length variability and, potentially, lifespan variability. Interestingly, the association between stressor exposure and telomeres in one hand, and oxidative stress in the other hand, covaried, suggesting the implication of oxidative stress in telomere dynamics.
A transdiagnostic sleep and circadian intervention for adolescents: six‐month follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dong Lu , Dolsen Emily A. , Martinez Armando J. , Notsu Haruka , Harvey Allison G. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThis study examined the 6‐month follow‐up outcomes of the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention (TranS‐C), compared to Psychoeducation about sleep and health (PE).MethodsAdolescents (mean [SD] = 14.77 [1.84] years) with eveningness chronotype and “at‐risk” in at least one of five health domains were randomized to receive TranS‐C (n = 89) or PE (n = 87) at a university‐based clinic. Primary outcomes were average weeknight total sleep time and bedtime calculated from sleep diary, a questionnaire measure of circadian preference, and composite risks in five health domains. Secondary outcomes were selected sleep diary indices, sleepiness, and self‐ and parent‐reported sleep, parent‐reported risks in five health domains.ResultsRelative to PE, TranS‐C showed treatment effects through 6‐month follow‐up on only one primary outcome; namely eveningness circadian preference. TranS‐C also showed treatment effects on two sleep and circadian secondary outcomes, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and sleep‐diary measured weeknight‐weekend discrepancy in wakeup time. TranS‐C did not show treatment effects on self‐report or parent‐report composite risks in five health domains. PE showed benefit, relative to TranS‐C, from posttreatment to 6‐month follow‐up for reducing parent‐reported behavioral health risk (secondary outcome).ConclusionsIn at‐risk adolescents, the evidence supports the TranS‐C treatment effects over six months on improving sleep and circadian functioning on selected outcomes but not on reducing risk in five health domains.
Does the application of surface treatments in different sintering stages affect flexural strength and optical properties of zirconia?
Authors: Kurtulmus‐Yilmaz Sevcan , Önöral Özay , Aktore Huseyin , Ozan Oguz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the influence of surface treatments conducted in presintering and postsintering stages on flexural strength and optical properties of zirconia.Materials and methodsSpecimens were milled from partially sintered zirconia blocks in different geometries and divided into three main groups as presintered, postsintered, and control groups. Test groups were further divided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the surface treatments conducted (grinding, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, air‐borne particle abrasion [APA]). Four‐point flexural strength (σ) test and Weibull analysis were conducted. Color differences (ΔE00) and translucency parameter (TPab) were calculated with a spectrophotometer. Surfaces of specimens were scrutinized under FESEM. Data were statistically analyzed.ResultsPostsintered groups exhibited higher σ values (P < .05). Within all groups, highest and lowest σ values were detected at postsintered and presintered APA groups, respectively (P < .05). All ΔE00 values were above the perceptibility threshold (ΔE00 > 0.8). Higher TPab values were obtained and deeper scratches were observed in presintered groups.ConclusionsSurface treatments performed at postsintering stage had a favorable effect on the flexural strength of all specimens. Surface treatments performed before sintering increased translucency and caused higher ΔE00 values.Clinical significanceSurface treatments performed at different sintering stages can alter mechanical and optical properties of zirconia.
Effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on obstetric outcomes within 12 months after surgery
Authors: Karadağ Cihan , Demircan Sinem , Çalışkan Eray 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients having undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in the previous 12 months.MethodsThis retrospective and observational study included 144 pregnant women: 48 had pregnancies within 12 months after LSG (Group A), 42 became pregnant more than 1 year after surgery (Group B) and 54 obese pregnant women who had a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2, were categorized as the control group because they did not undergo surgery (Group C). The participants' early gestational BMI, predelivery BMI and gestational weight gain were determined and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of the groups were compared.ResultsThe time interval from surgery to conception was 7.8 ± 3.4 months and 25.8 ± 13.4 months for Groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the rates of gestational hypertension, pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery and cesarean section between the groups. The number of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in Group C than in Groups A and B (P = 0.004). The number of large‐for‐gestational‐age infants was higher in Group C than in Groups A and B (P = 0.046). The number of small‐for‐gestational‐age infants was significantly higher in Group A than in Groups B and C (P = 0.025).ConclusionPregnancy within one year after LSG is related to an increased risk of small‐for‐gestational‐age infants. LSG decreases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus independent of the time interval between surgery and conception.
Reassessing the Concept and Measurement of Evangelicals: The Case for the RELTRAD Approach
Authors: Smidt Corwin E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSocial scientists have generally adopted one of three analytical approaches to understanding evangelicalism and those who thereby fall within the ranks of evangelicals. The choice of which approach one adopts is not “neutral,” as each approach embodies different theoretical perspectives related to evangelicals, posits different means by which religion is linked to attitudes and behavior, entails different measurement issues, and captures somewhat different segments of society as being evangelical. This article delineates and explicates the inherent conceptual differences among the three approaches and examines the measurement issues associated with each approach. Given this reassessment, the article concludes by contending that the relative merits of the affiliation (or RELTRAD) approach generally outweigh those of the other two approaches.
Influence of Form Defects on the Load Bearing Characteristics of Interference Fits of Shaft and Bush
Authors: Bao Liu , Lu Hong , Yang Minghui , Zhang Xinbao , Yu Lu , Wang Bowen , Wang Lingyan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tight interference fits are extensively applied in machine tool and industry, as it can provide stable bearing capacity in an efficient way. However, in most of proposed models for investigating the load bearing characteristics of interference fits, it is not common to consider roughness and form defects together. It is limited to describe interference fits of simple parts and investigate the effects of form defects approximately. The objective of this study is to present a feasible method to investigate the effects of form defects on the load bearing characteristics of interference fits of shaft and bush. The analytical method is established based on thick-walled cylinder theory and the experimental data on the joint surface. It takes both roughness and form defects into account, and predicts the load bearing characteristics under different parameters of form defects, such as the period and amplitude. The results show that the distribution of contact pressure of joint surface depends on the different parameters of form defects. Furthermore, as the amplitude of form defects decreases, the effects on bearing capacity of interference fits also decrease gradually.
Thermal Analysis and Verification for Direct Metal Deposition of 0Cr18Ni9 Stainless Steel
Authors: Wang Jin , Shi Jing , Wang Yi , Bai Yun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Due to rapid cyclic heating and cooling in metal additive manufacturing processes, such as selective laser melting (SLM) and direct metal deposition (DMD), large thermal stresses will form and this may lead to the loss of dimensional accuracy or even cracks. The integration of numerical analysis and experimental validation provides a powerful tool that allows the prediction of defects, and optimization of the component design and the additive manufacturing process parameters. In this work, a numerical simulation on the thermal process of DMD of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel is conducted. The simulation is based on the finite volume method (FVM). An in-house code is developed, and it is able to calculate the temperature distribution dynamically. The model size is 30mm × 30mm × 10.5mm, containing 432,000 cells. A DMD experiment on the material with the same configuration and process parameters is also carried out, during which an infrared camera is adopted to obtain the surface temperature distribution continuously, and thermocouples are embedded in the baseplate to record the temperature histories. It is found that the numerical results agree with the experimental results well.
Bending and Springback Analysis on Sheet Metal Material Discontinuity
Authors: Nikhare Chetan P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Origami concept came up as an emerging technique for sheet metal bending or folding and is called as Origami-based sheet metal (OSM) folding. This process fits right in criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainable manufacturing due to minimal resources required to make the fold or bend. In this process, the line was created on which the bend was supposed to perform. Traditionally the intermittent material was removed from that line with a through cut. Then the bend was performed. During bending the force required was very less and thus it can also be called as easy bend operation. Because the material and removed all the way through the thickness of the metal, these part after bending cannot be used to contain particles smaller than the cut width or liquid solution due to leakage issue. To overcome this issue, this paper investigates the material discontinuities with a blind cut, where the material through the thickness was not completely removed. For this 4 sample types were created. Three additional variables were added in placing the sample during bend operation. Experiments were performed and bending deformation and springback were analyzed. After analyzing the results, it was found that significant thickness difference regions in the sample, smaller clearance, smaller width or cut, and width of cut facing punch are the best variable to have a better bending and less springback.
Digital Twin-Based Control Approach for Industrial Cloud Robotics
Authors: Li Lan , Xu Wenjun , Liu Zhihao , Yao Bitao , Zhou Zude , Pham Duc Truong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Industrial robots can be mechanical intelligent agents by integrating programs, intelligent algorithms and facilitating intelligent manufacturing models from cyber world into physical entities. After introducing the concept of cloud, their storage, computing, knowledge sharing and evolution capabilities are further strengthened. Digital twin is an effective means to achieve the fusion of physics and information. Therefore, it is feasible to introduce the digital twin to the industrial cloud robotics (ICR), in order to facilitate the control optimization of robots’ running state. The traditional manufacturing task-oriented service composition is limited to execution in the cloud, and it is separated from the underlying robot equipment control, which greatly reduces the real-time performance and accuracy of the underlying service response, such as Robotic Control as a Cloud Service (RCaaCS). Therefore, this paper proposes a digital twin-based control approach for ICR. At the manufacturing cell level, robots’ control instruction service modeling is conducted, and then the control service in the digital world is mapped to the robot action control in the physical world through the concept of digital twin. The accumulated operational data in the physical world can be fed back to the digital world as a reference for simulation and control strategy adjustment, finally achieving the integration of cloud services and robot control. A case study based on workpiece disassembly is presented to verify the availability and effectiveness of the proposed control approach.