bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-29 Identification of serum proteins that interact with extracellular histones in feedlot cattle
Authors: Flores Victor V , Gifford Jennifer A Hernandez , Matera Julia , Hartson Steven , Wilson Blake K , Byrum Stephanie D , Gifford Craig A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex remains the largest challenge facing the cattle industry. Extracellular histones, which are released during disease, have a pathological role in death associated with acute sepsis or respiratory distress syndrome. Treatment against histone cytotoxicity improves survivability of mice suffering from sepsis and respiratory disease. Previously, we demonstrated calves with severe or lethal cases of bovine respiratory disease had an impaired capacity to protect against histone cytotoxicity. However, the mechanism or component of the serum which modulates histone cytotoxicity is unclear. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to identify components in serum which interact with extracellular histones. To achieve this objective serum proteins that interact with histones were precipitated by the addition and incubation of exogenous histones (2.5μg/μL; 1 h; 23°C). Serum protective capacity was determined pre- and post-precipitation, using our novel in-vitro assay and cell viability was estimated using resazurin. Fluorescent values were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS and means were separated using PDIFF function. Fluorescent values decreased (P &lt; 0.05) after precipitation, indicating interacting proteins were effectively precipitated. Protein from the precipitate was then separated using SDS-PAGE. Proteomes, excluding IgG and BSA, were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a label-free data-dependent “shotgun” mass spectrometry approach. Proteins were identified and quantified by searching UniProtKB database (restricted to Bos taurus; 32,967 entries) using Andromeda search engine in MaxQuant. Seven of the top twenty candidate proteins identified were associated with the complement system. Results in the literature suggest that histones play a role in controlling activation of the complement system through binding of complement associated proteins. Results from the current study extend those findings and suggest the complement system may interact with extracellular histones to minimize histone cytotoxicity, indicating aberrant regulation of the complement system or extracellular histones can lead to increased tissue damage during disease.
PSI-25 Effects of restricted maternal nutrition and realimentation during gestation on the fetal progenitor cell population in semitendinosus muscle of sheep
Authors: Mitchell Michaela , Liefeld Amanda E , Govoni Kristen E , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Grazul-Bilska Anna T , Swanson Kendall C , Zinn Steven A , Reed Sarah A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Satellite cells are muscle stem cells that contribute to postnatal growth. The satellite cell population is established during fetal muscle development, through the retention of Pax7-expressing myogenic progenitor cells. We hypothesized that realimentation during late gestation would ameliorate the negative effect of poor maternal nutrition during mid-gestation on the fetal myogenic progenitor cell population. To test this hypothesis, 47 ewes pregnant with singletons were fed a control diet of 100% of National Research Council (NRC) requirements (CON) starting at day 25 of gestation. At day 50 of gestation, six ewes were euthanized and the remainder were randomly assigned to one of two diets: CON or 60% of CON (RES). On day 90 of gestation, a subset of ewes were euthanized (n = 7 per treatment) and fetal semitendinosus samples were collected. The remaining ewes were maintained on the current diet (CON-CON, RES-RES) or switched to the alternative diet (CON-RES, RES-CON). On day 130 of gestation, all ewes were euthanized for fetal sample collection (n = 6–7 per treatment). Fetal semitendinosus was cryosectioned and immunostained for detection of Pax7(+) cells followed by image analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS. Semitendinosus from RES lambs had a greater number of Pax7(+) cells but similar total cell numbers to CON offspring, resulting in a greater percentage of Pax7(+) cells at d90 of gestation (CON: 13.22 ± 0.74%; RES: 16.01 ± 0.74%, P = 0.01). At day 130, there was no difference in the percentage of Pax7(+) cells between dietary treatment groups (CON-CON: 7.88 ± 0.80%; CON-RES: 6.34 ± 0.74%; RES-RES: 7.82 ± 0.74%; RES-CON: 6.87 ± 0.74%; P &gt; 0.17). The percentage of Pax7(+) cells decreased from day 90 to day 130, regardless of dietary treatment (P &lt; 0.0001). In summary, restricted maternal nutrition may delay progenitor cell differentiation at mid-gestation.
PSI-38 Evaluation of increasing oat groats in nursery pig diets
Authors: Chance Jenna , Lerner Annie , DeRouchey Joel , Woodworth Jason , Tokach Mike , Goodband Robert 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to test the effect of added dietary oat groats on nursery pig performance (Exp. 1) and diet palatability (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, a total of 225 pigs (initially 6.3 kg) were used in a 14-d study. Pigs were fed a starter diet for 7 d prior to the start of the experiment. Pens were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a RCBD by BW with 4 or 5 pigs/pen and 10 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments consisted of 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, or 30% oat groats added as a replacement for corn. Treatments were fed for 14 d with pig weights and feed disappearance collected weekly. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX. For the experimental period, increasing added oat groats resulted in no evidence for differences (P &gt; 0.05) in ADG, ADFI, G:F, or d 14 BW. In Exp. 2, a 7-d preference study was conducted to evaluate the response when given the choice between 0% oat groats to either 7.5% groats or 30% groats. A total of 48 pigs were used with 4 pigs/pen and 6 replications/comparison. Pigs were weighed on d 0 and 7, and feeders weighed and position rotated within the pen daily to determine ADFI of each diet offered. When given the choice, there was no evidence for difference (P &gt; 0.05) in ADFI or percentage of diet consumed between the 0% and 7.5% oat groat diets. When given the choice between the 0% or 30% groat diets, pigs had increased (P = 0.001) ADFI (0.05 vs. 0.29 kg, respectively; SEM=0.020) and feed consumed (16.3 vs. 83.7%, respectively; SEM=3.61) with the 30% oat groat treatment. In conclusion, increasing dietary oat groats did not improve performance; however, when given the choice, pigs preferred the 30% oat groat diet compared to diets without oat groats.
PSI-17 Late season sorghum produced for silage in Southwest Louisiana
Authors: Storer William A , Crawford Karlye , Billeaudeaux Luke 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Three varieties of sorghum [Dynagrow: 705F (MED), F73FS10, (TALL) and F72FS25BMR (BMR)] were evaluated for their potential as a late season silage crop as part of a corn/sorghum/annual ryegrass crop rotation program. The experiment was conducted in Kinder, LA. After harvesting of corn silage in August, the field was planted (d 0) at 4 kg/ha in early September. Atrazine (1 L/ha) and Parallel (1 L/ha) were applied pre-plant for weed control. Liquid urea ammonium nitrate (32% N, 33.6 kg/ha) was side-dressed on d 30. Two applications of insecticide (Kendo, 18.7 L/ha) were applied on d 14 and 30. Three adjacent 4 ha plots were each planted with a single variety of sorghum. On d 90, 3 samples (2.7 m X 1.5 m) from each plot were evaluated for plant population, yield, stalk diameter, and plant height. Three 3.8 L plastic bags were filled with a homogenized sample of each variety of sorghum and analyzed (Agri-King Nutrition, Inc., Fulton, IL) for plant composition and digestibility. At harvest, the BMR variety was the most mature (hard dough stage) with MED and TALL varieties in milk to soft dough stage. The BMR variety had the lowest yield (P &lt; 0.05). Crude protein content was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) in the MED variety. Plant maturity negatively influenced the CP content of the BMR variety. Although yield was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) in the TALL variety, the resulting plant height increased the susceptibility to lodging. Lodging was exclusive to the TALL variety with approximately 15% (based on visual appraisal) slightly or completely laid down. The MED variety produced nearly equal yield and was the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) in percentages of CP, starch, and fat content. The BMR variety was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) in digestibility and lowest (P &lt; 0.05) in lignin content.
PSIII-33 A new approach to resynchronize beef cows and perform two Timed Artificial Inseminations 24 days apart
Authors: Colli Marcos A , Cline Garrett , Walker Josh , Forrest David , Baruselli Pietro S , Looney Charles 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We aimed to compare the pregnancy rate from 1stTAI and 2ndTAI performed 24 days apart and pregnancy between cows that showed or not estrous on the end of 2nd TAI protocol. Were used 190 lactating cows (Angus: 114; Brangus: 53 and Santa Gertrudis: 23). On the first day of synchronization (D0), insertion of a new CIDR® (Zoetis) plus the 100µg of Cystorrelin®(Merial) treatment, on D7 25mg of Lutalyse® (Zoetis) and CIDR withdrawal. 72 hours after CIDR removal 1stTAI was performed plus GnRH treatment. After 14 days from 1stTAI, all the cows received an one time used CIDR. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed 22 days after 1stTAI, using a subjective visual evaluation of CL blood flow (BF). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography Color Doppler (MicroMaxx®). Cows with an area of CL≥3cm² and/or ≥25% CL BF were diagnosed as pregnant and underwent CIDR removal without further treatment. Those diagnosed as non-pregnant underwent CIDR removal and received one Estrotect™ (Rockway-Inc.), 25mg of Lutalyse treatment and submitted to 2nd TAI 48h after CIDR removal (D24) plus the 100µg of Cystorrelin. On D31 considered pregnant cows on D22 were examined by US B-mode D31 to verify false positive and effective pregnancies. On D55, cows were submitted to US B-mode to verify the 2ndTAI pregnancy rate. Statistical analysis were performed using GLIMMIX procedure from SAS. The pregnancy on D22 was 48.5% (87/190) and the false positives were 14.9% (13/87). There was no difference on pregnancy 31 days after 1stTAI (38.9%; 74/190) vs. 2nd TAI (32.0%; 33/103; P = 0.24). Cows were more likely to be pregnant on D55 compared to cows that: showed Estrous: 42.9% (21/49) vs. No Estrous: 22.2% (12/54; P = 0.03). In conclusion, the pregnancy rates were the same at 1st to 2ndTAI. And cows that showed estrous had more pregnancy at 2ndTAI.
PSVIII-38 Genomic prediction for tick resistance in Angus cattle
Authors: Campos Gabriel , Cardoso Fernando F , Gulias-Gomes Claudia Cristina , Domingues Robert , Regitano Luciana , Oliveira Marcia Sena de , Oliveira Henrique Nunes de , Carvalheiro Roberto , Albuquerque Lucia Galvão , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) for genetic evaluation of tick resistance in Angus cattle in Brazil. Additionally, we investigated population parameters, namely effect population size (Ne) and inbreeding (F) based on pedigree (PED) and genomic (GEN) information. Half-body tick counts were recorded up to three times in the same animal, totaling 2291 records. To normalize the distribution, records were log-transformed prior to the analysis. From 7073 animals in the pedigree, 1299 were genotyped with 3 different SNP chips of density 50k, 77k, and 150k. After imputation and quality control, 61,066 SNP remained. A repeatability animal model was used to estimate variance components, traditional EBV, and genomic EBV (GEBV). Validation was carried out for young genotyped animals, with no phenotypes in the reduced data but at least one record in the complete data, using two different approaches: 1) predictive ability as the correlation between phenotypes adjusted for fixed effects and (G)EBV; 2) a method based on linear regressions that is called LR, which uses correlations between (G)EBV in the complete and reduced data as a measure of consistency between subsequent evaluations. Heritability for tick counts was 0.18 ± 0.03. Based on PED and GEN, Ne was 254 and 199, whereas F was 0.016 and 0.003, respectively. Predictive ability for tick counts was 0.11 for EBV and 0.14 for GEBV, which is considered low. Conversely, when LR validation was used, the relative increase in accuracy by adding extra phenotypic information was 0.49 for EBV and 0.61 for GEBV. Even though tick counts has low heritability, our study indicates that genomic selection can help to improve prediction accuracy and, therefore, to increase tick resistance in this Angus population.
PSVIII-36 Polymorphisms at the 5’ region flanking the ovine IGF-1 gene affect mRNA levels in dorper lambs
Authors: Encinas Luis Angel Flores , Quintana José alfredo Martínez , almeida Felipe Alonso rodriguez , Felix-Portillo Monserrath , Martínez Francisco Joel Jahuey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in muscle development and has been described in several studies as a candidate marker gene for growth traits in farm animals. The aim of the study was to investigate IGF-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 5’ flanking region and their association with gene expression levels and phenotypic characteristics in lambs. The experiment was executed in two phases. First, a 265 bp-long region of gDNA localized up-stream of the IGF-1 gene was scanned for SNPs by sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed that animals with low IGF-1 plasm concentration had nucleotide changes from Guanine (G) to Cytosine (C) at position 85 (85G &gt;C), and from G to Adenine (A) at position 87 (87G &gt;A). A PCR-RFLP protocol was set up to accomplish allelic discrimination in 22 lambs sired by Dorper rams. The frequency of the variant-carrier lambs was 50 %. The statistical analysis showed differences (P &lt; 0.05) between carrier and non-carrier female lambs for IGF-1 concentration at 13 d (168.76 ± 15.01 vs 229.95 ± 16.78), 41 d (191.02 ± 38.28 vs 324.50 ± 42.80) and 69 d (209.18 ± 30.63 vs 375.87 ± 34.2) of the feeding trial. Statistical differences (P &lt; 0.05) were also found for total weight gain (22.16 ± 1.07 vs 26.75 ± 1.2). In a second phase, 55 Dorper females were genotyped, then 2 homozygotes, 5 heterozygotes and 5 wild-type for the variant were randomly selected for IGF-1 qPCR gene expression analysis. Gene expression was higher (fold-change 2.6) in non-carrier animals (P &lt; 0.05). Nevertheless, daily weight gain and weight at 150 d were not statistically significant. The variant for the IGF-1 gene here reported has lower levels of gene expression. However, additional experiments are needed to measure phenotypic characteristics such as carcass traits, diameter and density of muscle fibers.
PSVIII-19 Meta-analysis of genetic parameter estimates for feed efficiency traits in dairy cattle
Authors: Oliveira Hinayah , Schenkel Flavio , Richardson Caeli M R , Miglior Filippo , Brito Luiz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Over 60% of the production costs in dairy cattle are related to feeding. Genetic selection for improved feed efficiency (FE) is a very promising alternative to reduce feeding costs, increase the industry profitability, and reduce the industry environmental footprints. The success of genetic selection relies in part on the heritability (h2) of the indicator traits included in the breeding programs. Several studies have reported h2 estimates for different FE indicator traits, with a broad range of estimates. To obtain more consistent h2 estimates across studies and populations, we performed a meta-analysis of published h2 estimates using four different groups of FE indicator traits commonly used in dairy cattle: 1) energy intake (EI); 2) residual feed intake (RFI); 3) feed (dry-matter) intake (FI); and 4) feed conversion efficiency (FCE). A comprehensive literature review identified 148 h2 estimates across 39 scientific papers from 13 different countries, published between 1991 and 2019. Thereafter, a meta-analysis based on random-effects model was used to summarize and address the variability of the parameter estimates. Our study confirmed that FE indicator traits in dairy cattle are under moderate genetic control. The h2 estimates were 0.18±0.02, 0.19±0.02, 0.29±0.01, and 0.19±0.03 for EI, RFI, FI, and FCE, respectively. In addition, our findings showed that h2 estimates for FE indicator traits in different studies have significant heterogeneity (I2 index estimated for EI, RFI, FI and FCE was 80.5%, 59.8%, 81.7%, and 55.7%, respectively). Among the possible sources of variation that contributed to the heterogeneity across studies are country, type of housing, life stage, and diet. The results reported here summarize the overall level of genetic control of FE in dairy cattle, which are useful for genetic evaluations when reliable h2 estimates for FE are not available in the studied dairy cattle population.
PSIII-37 Effects of supplemented trace mineral amino acid chelates in working Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Coon Craig N , Fowler Jason W , Varney Jessica L , Sitver Max A , Boggess Mary Ann 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Trace mineral amino acid chelates (TMAAC) maintain integrity prior to absorption without binding to or interacting with other minerals or chelating compounds. TMAACs are essential as prosthetic groups for activating important enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is needed to rid the body of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. A 19-day trial utilizing 20 Labrador Retrievers (10m/10f) was set up to determine the effects of TMAAC tabs on performance, recovery, and exercise induced inflammatory response. Dogs were sorted into two treatment groups: the TMAAC group received three oral tablets per day and the CON group received none. Body weights were recorded weekly and feed consumption was recorded daily. All dogs participated in an 8.05 km endurance run on Day 18, inducing exercise stress. Blood draws for serum biomarker analyses and gait analyses were performed at baseline (prior to treatment), 1-hour post-run, and 24-hours post-run. A pressure sensing computerized mat (CIR Systems, Inc) was used to evaluate lameness based on temporal spatial gait parameters. Dogs were walked on the mat at each time point to obtain three valid walks for analysis. TMAAC male dogs had similar amounts of SOD at baseline (P = 0.63) but increased 0.38 ng/ml SOD from baseline to Post-1h, while CON males had a 0.46ng/ml significant decrease in SOD (P = 0.002). Positive antioxidant trends favored TMAAC dogs across biomarkers assayed (P = 0.06). Gait lameness scores (GLS) indicated TMAAC males had unbalanced gait at baseline but recovered their normal gait after being on the treatment (P = 0.02). Stride length evaluation found that after treatment, this characteristic remained constant for TMAAC dogs but became uneven Post-24h for CON dogs (P = 0.04). Data collected from this trial indicate some significant exercise recovery improvement in working Labrador Retrievers supplemented with trace mineral amino acid chelates.
PSIII-39 Gene expression in adipose tissue at 8 months could explain adult overweight status in Beagle dogs
Authors: Leray Véronique , Moinard Alex , Leclerc Lucie , Thorin Chantal , Nguyen Patrick , Flanagan John 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Individuals are more or less prone to excessive fat deposits and body weight. This could result from differences in the expression of gene involved in adipose tissue metabolism in early life. This study aimed to identify such possible differences in puppy dogs. Twenty-four 4-wk old females Beagle puppies were raised in the same environment, and fed with the same diet, ad libitum but for 3.5 h. Dogs were allotted in 3 groups according to their fat-free mass, fat mass, and pelvic circumference at 24 months of age: IW (n = 9; ideal body condition, OW1 (n = 6; moderately overfat) and OW2 (n = 9; overfat/obese). Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) samples were collected at the time when animals were neutered (8 months). The mRNA level of genes involved in the regulation of lipolysis (perilipin, HSL), lipogenesis (ACC, ADRP, CPT1, FAS, FABP), adipogenesis (PPARg, SREBP-1c), thermogenesis (UCP1, UCP2), glucose uptake (GLUT4), insulin signaling (IRS2), and adiponectin production was assessed by real time RT-PCR. Gene expression levels in the three groups were compared by a Wilcoxon test. Ethics approval was granted by the French Ministry of Research and Royal Canin’s Ethical Committee. Compared to IW, OW2 dogs had a lower expression of UCP1 in the VAT (P = 0.049). This could result in reduced heat production by non-shivering thermogenesis. Moreover, a low UCP1 expression has been linked to obesity. Compared to IW, OW1 dogs had a higher transcription level of ACC and ADRP genes (P &lt; 0.05). ACC is a point of regulation of the FA synthesis whereas ADRP is involved in the differentiation of the pre-adipocytes, and fat storage. These results suggest that the overweight/obesity phenotype could be associated with a lower heat loss, and the moderately overweight phenotype with a higher ability to fat synthesis compared to the lean phenotype.
PSVIII-33 Therapeutic effects of sophorolipid on intestinal restoration in HT-29 cell and early-weaned rats
Authors: Kwak Minjin , Kim Jonggun , Lee Hanbae , Whang Kwang-Youn 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sophorolipid (SPL) is a glycolipid bio-surfactant produced by Candida bombicola and displays antimicrobial activity and stimulates collagenesis with less toxic and more biodegradable than other surfactants. As its effect has not been demonstrated in weaning animal models, we conducted two experiments to investigate the effect of SPL on intestinal restoration. First, a wound healing assay using HT-29 cells was conducted to quantify migration capacity. Cells were seeded into 6-well plate and scratched. After 24- and 48-hour incubation, SPL increased migration of cells in a dose-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.05). It seemed that SPL had restorative effects on intestinal wounds. Afterwards, an in vivo experiment was conducted using thirty 2-week-old early-weaned rats, which were randomly allotted into three treatments (CON; NIH-31 diet, BAM; 32 ppm of bambermycin and SPL; 10 ppm of SPL). During 16 days of trial, rats fed ad libitum and body weights were measured every four days. Rat were sacrificed at days 8 and 16 to collect jejunum to investigate morphological changes and cecal contents to determine microbial population. The data were analyzed using ANOVA procedures of SAS 9.4. The means were compared by Duncan’s multi-range test at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance. Rats in SPL were heavier than those in CON by 15.1 % at day 16. Jejunal villus height in SPL was highest among treatments at day 8, and it was also significantly lengthened in SPL than other treatments at day 16 (P &lt; 0.05). Cecal populations of E. coli, Streptococcus spp. and Salmonella spp. were significantly reduced by 64.7 %, 67.2 % and 40.0 % in SPL, respectively, relative to CON at day 16 (P &lt; 0.05). Collectively, SPL accelerated growth by improving intestinal restoration and modulating microbiota population. SPL might have a potential as a feed additive to reduce early-weaning stress of livestock animals.