bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S. Monetary Policy and International Bond Markets
Authors: GILCHRIST SIMON , YUE VIVIAN , ZAKRAJŠEK EGON 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes how U.S. monetary policy affects the pricing of dollar‐denominated sovereign debt. We document that yields on dollar‐denominated sovereign bonds are highly responsive to U.S. monetary policy surprises—during both the conventional and unconventional policy regimes—and that the passthrough of unconventional policy to foreign bond yields is, on balance, comparable to that of conventional policy. In addition, a conventional U.S. monetary easing (tightening) leads to a significant narrowing (widening) of credit spreads on sovereign bonds issued by countries with a speculative‐grade credit rating but has no effect on the corresponding weighted average of bilateral exchange rates for a basket of currencies from the same set of risky countries; this indicates that an unanticipated tightening of U.S. monetary policy widens credit spreads on risky sovereign debt directly through the financial channel, as opposed to indirectly through the exchange rate channel. During the unconventional policy regime, yields on both investment‐ and speculative‐grade sovereign bonds move one‐to‐one with policy‐induced fluctuations in yields on comparable U.S. Treasuries. We also examine whether the response of sovereign credit spreads to US monetary policy differs between policy easings and tightenings and find no evidence of such asymmetry.
Vinca alkaloids, thalidomide and eribulin‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity: From pathogenesis to treatment
Authors: Islam Badrul , Lustberg Maryam , Staff Nathan P. , Kolb Noah , Alberti Paola , Argyriou Andreas A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVinca alkaloids, thalidomide, and eribulin are widely used to treat patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), adults affected by multiple myeloma and locally invasive or metastatic breast cancer, respectively. However, soon after their introduction into clinical practice, chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) emerged as their main non‐hematological and among dose‐limiting adverse events. It is generally perceived that vinca alkaloids and the antiangiogenic agent thalidomide are more neurotoxic, compared to eribulin. The exposure to these chemotherapeutic agents is associated with an axonal, length‐dependent, sensory polyneuropathy of mild to moderate severity, whereas it is considered that the peripheral nerve damage, unless severe, usually resolves soon after treatment discontinuation. Advanced age, high initial and prolonged dosing, coadministration of other neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and pre‐existing neuropathy are the common risk factors. Pharmacogenetic biomarkers might be used to define patients at increased susceptibility of CIPN. Currently, there is no established therapy for CIPN prevention or treatment; symptomatic treatment for neuropathic pain and dose reduction or withdrawal in severe cases is considered, at the cost of reduced cancer therapeutic efficacy. This review critically examines the pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors (both clinical and pharmacogenetic), clinical phenotype and management of CIPN as a result of exposure to vinca alkaloids, thalidomide and its analogue lenalidomide as also eribulin.
Perceptions of resilience in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A Q‐methodology study
Authors: Chon Mi Young , Yeun Eun Ja , Jung Kyoung Hee , Jo Young‐il , Lee Kyeong Ryong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResilience is a potential human psycho‐social ability that can reduce negative emotion and promote adaptation to adversity. Most previous studies on resilience have highlighted positive factors for patients with chronic illnesses; however, very few focus on the resilience of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) using a qualitative approach. Using Q‐methodology, we identified the perceptions of resilience of patients undergoing PD. We recruited 33 Korean participants undergoing PD in a university hospital, and classified 37 Q‐samples into a 9‐point normal distribution grid. Collected data were analyzed using the PC‐QUANL program. The perceived subjectivity of the resilience of Korean patients undergoing PD was categorized as three factors: “support‐based acceptance,” “gloomy isolation,” and “active life‐oriented.” The three factors explained 47.4% of the total variance. The eigenvalues were 9.99, 3.40, and 2.26, respectively. These findings suggest that a differentiated approach is needed for interventions to enhance the resilience of patients undergoing PD. This study highlights that clinical nurses and health professionals should understand the perceptions of resilience of patients undergoing PD, and consider their viewpoints in the caring and treatment process.
Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance inEnterococcusspp.,Staphylococcusspp., andStreptococcusspp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective
Authors: Osei Sekyere John , Mensah Eric 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA systematic review of antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa from a One Health perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English‐language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such asmecA,erm(B),erm(C),tet(M),tet(K),tet(L),vanB,vanA,vanC, andtet(O), were found to be common.Staphylococcusspp.,Enterococcusspp., andStreptococcusspp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such asStaphylococcus aureusST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16(n = 28 isolates), IS256(n = 96), Tn916(n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec(n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmecIV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmecIII (n = 305 isolates), SCCmecII (n = 163 isolates), SCCmecV (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmecI (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health–related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.
Mechanobiological modulation of in situ and in vivo osteocyte calcium oscillation by acoustic radiation force
Authors: Hu Minyi , Lee Wonsae , Jiao Jian , Li Xiaofei , Gibbons Daniel E. , Hassan Chaudhry Raza , Tian Guo‐Wei , Qin Yi‐Xian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe biological effect of ultrasound on bone regeneration has been well documented, yet the underlying mechanotransduction mechanism is largely unknown. In relation to the mechanobiological modulation of the cytoskeleton and Ca2+ influx by short‐term focused acoustic radiation force (FARF), the current study aimed to visualize and quantify Ca2+ oscillations in real‐time of in situ and in vivo osteocytes in response to focused low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (FLIPUS). For in situ studies, fresh mice calvaria were subjected to FLIPUS stimulation at 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.7 W. For the in vivo study, 3‐month‐old C57BL/6J Ai38/Dmp1‐Cre mice were subjected to FLIPUS at 0.15, 1, and 1.5 W. As observed via real‐time confocal imaging, in situ FLIPUS led to more than 80% of cells exhibiting Ca2+ oscillations at 0.3–0.7 W and led to a higher number of Ca2+ spikes with larger values at >0.3 W. In vivo FLIPUS at 1–1.5 W led to more than 90% of cells exhibiting Ca2+ oscillations. Higher FLIPUS energies led to larger Ca2+ spike magnitudes. In conclusion, this study provided a pilot study of both in situ and in vivo osteocytic Ca2+ oscillations under noninvasive FARF, which aids further exploration of the mechanosensing mechanism of the controlled bone cell motility response to the stimulus.
A representative bureaucracy perspective on workforce composition in international organizations: The case of the United Nations Secretariat
Authors: Badache Fanny 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article provides a representative bureaucracy perspective on staff composition in international organizations (IOs). Contrary to previous studies in international relations, I argue that staff composition is not only driven by power but international organizations are also concerned with bureaucratic representation. Therefore, I examine one potential barrier and one driver to passive representation, namely the available local labour pool and political representation. The empirical analysis is based on an original database of human resources statistics in the United Nations Secretariat which allows for a differentiation between staff categories. The resulting regression analyses suggest that headquarters locations, political representation and diplomacy are the main determinants of member states’ representation, but these determinants vary in strength depending on the staff categories. This article contributes to the study of staff composition in IOs by examining additional determinants and to the recent discussions on representative bureaucracy at the international level.
Evaluation of Candidate Items for Severe PTSD Screening for Patients With Chronic Pain: Pilot Data Analysis With the IRT Approach
Authors: You Dokyoung S. , Ziadni Maisa S. , Gilam Gadi , Darnall Beth D. , Mackey Sean C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co‐occurs with chronic pain. Although PTSD symptoms are associated with negative health outcomes in patients with chronic pain, PTSD is typically under‐detected and under‐treated in outpatient pain settings. There is a need for rapid, brief screening tools to identify those at greatest risk for severe PTSD symptoms. To achieve that goal, our aim was to use item response theory (IRT) to identify the most informative PTSD symptoms characterizing severe PTSD in patients with chronic pain.MethodsFifty‐six patients (71% female, 61% White) with mixed etiology chronic pain completed the PTSD Checklist‐Civilian Version (PCL‐C) as part of their appointment with a pain psychologist at a tertiary outpatient pain clinic. We used an IRT approach to evaluate each item's discriminant (a) and severity (b) parameters.ResultsFindings revealed that “feeling upset at reminders” (a = 3.67, b = 2.44) and “avoid thinking or talking about it” (a = 3.61, b = 2.17) as being highly discriminant for severe PTSD.ConclusionsWe identified 2 candidate items for a brief PTSD screener as they were associated with severe PTSD symptoms. These 2 items may provide clinical utility in outpatient pain treatment settings to identify those suffering from severe PTSD, enabling physicians to refer them to trauma‐specific evaluation or therapy. Future research is needed to further validate and confirm these candidate PTSD items in a larger clinic sample.Lay SummaryThe current study used the IRT approach to identify candidate items for a brief screener for severe PTSD. We examined 17 items of the PCL‐C, and identified 2 items that were highly discriminant for severe PTSD. The 2 items were “feeling upset at reminders” and “avoid thinking or talking about it.” These 2 items may provide clinical utility, since they may enable physicians to screen and make a referral for further assessment or treatment for PTSD.
Manipulation of β‐carotene levels in tomato fruits results in increased ABA content and extended shelf life
Authors: Diretto Gianfranco , Frusciante Sarah , Fabbri Claudia , Schauer Nicolas , Busta Lucas , Wang Zhonghua , Matas Antonio J. , Fiore Alessia , K.C. Rose Jocelyn , Fernie Alisdair R. , Jetter Reinhard , Mattei Benedetta , Giovannoni Jim , Giuliano Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

SummaryTomato fruit ripening is controlled by the hormone ethylene and by a group of transcription factors, acting upstream of ethylene. During ripening, the linear carotene lycopene accumulates at the expense of cyclic carotenoids. Fruit‐specific overexpression of LYCOPENE β‐CYCLASE (LCYb) resulted in increased β‐carotene (provitamin A) content. Unexpectedly, LCYb‐overexpressing fruits also exhibited a diverse array of ripening phenotypes, including delayed softening and extended shelf life. These phenotypes were accompanied, at the biochemical level, by an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content, decreased ethylene production, increased density of cell wall material containing linear pectins with a low degree of methylation, and a thicker cuticle with a higher content of cutin monomers and triterpenoids. The levels of several primary metabolites and phenylpropanoid compounds were also altered in the transgenic fruits, which could be attributed to delayed fruit ripening and/or to ABA. Network correlation analysis and pharmacological experiments with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, abamine, indicated that altered ABA levels were a direct effect of the increased β‐carotene content and were in turn responsible for the extended shelf life phenotype. Thus, manipulation of β‐carotene levels results in an improvement not only of the nutritional value of tomato fruits, but also of their shelf life.
Genetic parameters for fertility traits in Nellore bulls
Authors: Carvalho Filho Ivan , Marques Daniele Botelho Diniz , de Campos Carolina Filardi , Guimarães José Domingos , Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni , Lopes Paulo Sávio , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Veroneze Renata 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNellore is the main cattle breed used in Brazil, being the largest commercial herd in the world. Beyond the importance of male reproductive efficiency for farm profit, the use of reproductive techniques, mainly artificial insemination, turns the evaluation of male reproductive traits even more important. Estimation of genetic parameters increases the knowledge on traits variances and allows envisaging the possibility of the inclusion of new traits as selection criterion. Genetic parameters for fifteen traits that can be classified as testicular biometry or physical and morphological semen traits were estimated for a Nellore bull population ranging from 18 to 36 months. Single‐trait and bi‐trait animal models were used for (co)variance components estimation. The contemporary group was considered as fixed effect and age at measurement as covariable. Scrotal circumference presented heritability of 0.47 ± 0.12. This value is similar to the heritabilities found for all testicular biometry traits (0.34–0.48). Sperm progressive motility, which has a direct effect on bull fertility, presented low heritability (0.07 ± 0.08). Major and total sperm defects presented moderate to high heritabilities (0.49 ± 0.18 and 0.39 ± 0.15, respectively), indicating that great genetic gain can be obtained through selection against sperm defects. High and positive genetic correlations were observed among testicular biometry traits, which also presented favourable genetic correlations with physical and morphological traits of the semen with magnitude ranging from high to low. Scrotal circumference presented moderate to high and favourable genetic correlations with sperm progressive motility, sperm turbulence, major sperm defects and total sperm defects. Thus, the selection for scrotal circumference results in favourable correlated genetic response for semen quality. The results show that the use of scrotal circumference as reference trait for bull fertility is appropriate, since it presents high heritability and favourable genetic correlation with semen quality.
On aggregation of strongly dependent time series
Authors: Beran Jan , Liu Haiyan , Ghosh Sucharita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider cross‐sectional aggregation of time series with long‐range dependence. This question arises for instance from the statistical analysis of networks where aggregation is defined via routing matrices. Asymptotically, aggregation turns out to increase dependence substantially, transforming a hyperbolic decay of autocorrelations to a slowly varying rate. This effect has direct consequences for statistical inference. For instance, unusually slow rates of convergence for nonparametric trend estimators and nonstandard formulas for optimal bandwidths are obtained. The situation changes, when time‐dependent aggregation is applied. Suitably chosen time‐dependent aggregation schemes can preserve a hyperbolic rate or even eliminate autocorrelations completely.
Vulnerability of the industrialized microbiota
Authors: Sonnenburg Justin L. , Sonnenburg Erica D. 
Published: October 2019

One world, one health
As people increasingly move to cities, their lifestyles profoundly change. Sonnenburg and Sonnenburg review how the shift of recent generations from rural, outdoor environments to urbanized and industrialized settings has profoundly affected our biology and health. The signals of change are seen most strikingly in the reduction of commensal microbial taxa and loss of their metabolic functions. The extirpation of human commensals is a result of bombardment by new chemicals, foodstuffs, sanitation, and medical practices. For most people, sanitation and readily available food have been beneficial, but have we now reached a tipping point? How do we “conserve” our beneficial symbionts and keep the pathogens at bay?

Science
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Relationship between reperfusion and intracranial hemorrhage after thrombectomy
Authors: Desai Shashvat M , Tonetti Daniel A , Morrison Andrew A , Gross Bradley A , Jankowitz Brian Thomas , Jovin Tudor G , Jadhav Ashutosh P 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionSymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a devastating complication after endovascular thrombectomy. Prior reports have demonstrated that thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) ≥2 b reperfusion is protective against sICH. We aimed to further examine the relationship between reperfusion grade and sICH, to elucidate whether a difference between TICI 2b and 3 exists, and to determine whether this relationship holds true for patients undergoing delayed thrombectomy (6–24 hours).MethodsWe performed a single-center retrospective review of prospectively-recorded data for patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion between January 2015 and February 2018. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of parenchymal hematoma (PH) and sICH (NINDS—National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, SITS-MOST—Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke Monitoring Study, ECASS III—European-Australian Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III criteria) and to identify the role of reperfusion grade. This analysis was repeated for delayed thrombectomy patients.Results528 patients were included; mean age was 71.5% and 43% were male. Median NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and time last seen well (TLSW) to treatment were 17 and 4.8 hours, respectively. Successful recanalization was achieved in 94%. On multivariable analyses, ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score) was a predictor of PH (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.87; p=0.002) for patients achieving any reperfusion grade. For patients achieving successful reperfusion, lower ASPECTS was a predictor of PH (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.91; p=0.005) and of sICH (ECASS III) (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.98; p=0.04); in addition, TICI 2b as compared with TICI 3 was a predictor of PH (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1 to 4.4; p=0.04) and of sICH (NINDS) (OR 7.5, 95% CI 1 to 57; p=0.045). TLSW to treatment was not an independent predictor of PH or sICH.ConclusionHigher baseline ASPECTS and higher degree of reperfusion following endovascular thrombectomy is associated with reduced likelihood of PH and sICH.
Treatment retention of infliximab and etanercept originators versus their corresponding biosimilars: Nordic collaborative observational study of 2334 biologics naïve patients with spondyloarthritis
Authors: Lindström Ulf , Glintborg Bente , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Nordström Dan , Aarrestad Provan Sella , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Askling Johan , Lund Hetland Merete , Aaltonen Kalle , Krogh Niels Steen , Geirsson Arni Jon , Jacobsson Lennart T H 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveAlthough clinical trials support equivalence of originator products and biosimilars for etanercept and infliximab, real-world studies among biologics-naïve patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) are lacking. The objectives were to compare treatment retention in biologics-naïve patients with SpA starting either the originator product or a biosimilar of infliximab and etanercept, and to explore the baseline characteristics of these patients.MethodsPatients with SpA (ankylosing spondylitis/non-radiographical axial SpA/undifferentiated SpA), starting infliximab or etanercept as their first-ever biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug during January 2014–June 2017 were identified in five Nordic biologics–rheumatology registers. Baseline characteristics were retrieved from each registry; comorbidity data were identified through linkage to national health registers. Country-specific data were pooled, and data on infliximab and etanercept were analysed separately. Comparisons of treatment retention between originators and biosimilars were assessed through survival probability curves, retention rates (2 years for infliximab/1 year for etanercept) and Hazard Ratios (HR).ResultsWe included 1319 patients starting infliximab (24% originator/76% biosimilar), and 1015 patients starting etanercept (49% originator/51% biosimilar). Baseline characteristics were largely similar for the patients treated with the originators compared with the corresponding biosimilars. Survival probability curves were highly similar for the originator and its biosimilar, as were retention rates: infliximab 2-year retention originator, 44% (95% CI 38% to 50%)/biosimilar, 46% (95% CI: 42% to 51%); and etanercept 1-year retention originator, 66% (95% CI 61% to 70%)/biosimilar, 73% (95% CI 68% to 78%). HRs were not statistically significant.ConclusionThis observational study of biologics-naïve patients with SpA from five Nordic countries showed similar baseline characteristics and very similar retention rates in patients treated with originators versus biosimilars, for both infliximab and etanercept, indicating comparable effectiveness in clinical practice.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON Shorea javanica
Authors: TORQUEBIAU E.F. 
Published: October 2019

It was April 1985, underÂ theÂ leadershipÂ of Dr.Â Ir. Z. Goto,Â then Tropical Forest Biology Program Manager, that it was decided to launch in BIOTROP a multidisciplinary research on Shorea javanica. This followed the publication in 1984 by E.F. Torquebiau of a paper describing the traditional planting of this tree for resin production by farmers near the small town of Krui, in Lampung Province, Southern Sumatra (Man-made dipterocarp forest in Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems, 2: 103-127). A proposal was subsequently made to develop in BIOTROP different research topics around this species in order to promote itÂ forÂ plantationÂ forestry.Â TheÂ choiceÂ ofÂ thisÂ speciesÂ wasÂ justifiedÂ byÂ theÂ important knowledge from its traditional uses and planting, while in the long term, it is hoped that the development of plantations of this species will promote the use of other dipterocarps and native trees for plantation forestry.