bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability and Competition Law
Authors: Thomas Stefan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Competition fosters sustainability to the extent that consumers integrate the impact of consumption on the environment in their purchasing decisions. Conceptual challenges arise when competition law ventures to consider sustainability effects beyond the consumers’ willingness to pay for it. Agencies around the world and antitrust scholarship seek to find ways in which such negative externalities can be balanced against economic consumer welfare under a coherent metric. The chapter discusses various concepts and points out their potential and their limitations. An important conclusion is that balancing individual economic rent against sustainability in an antitrust concept is a matter of rent distribution. One can make the argument that such distributive exercises are best handled by the legislator. The chapter concludes with a conceptualization of how national legislators can occupy a more prominent role in solving the conflict despite the overarching rule of EU primary law.
Theories of Justice and Rights
Authors: Mackie J. L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
John Leslie Mackie (1917–81) was one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. His published works spanned many areas, but he is not well known as a political philosopher. In the late 1970s, however, Mackie turned his attention to issues concerning justice. In a series of writings Mackie built a case for a unique right-based approach to political philosophy, in part by delivering incisive critiques of theories dominant at the time. His most comprehensive work in this area is Theories of Justice and Rights—a previously unpublished manuscript that finally sees the light of day in this volume. Also included are two of Mackie’s previously published papers, written during the same period: ‘Can There Be a Right-Based Moral Theory?’ (1978) and ‘Rights, Utility, and External Costs’ (1985). Some of Mackie’s arguments in these works draw on the metaethical conclusions in his seminal book Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (1977). The editorial introduction of this volume canvasses the initially puzzling relation between Mackie’s moral error theory and his account of justice and rights, addresses some exegetical queries, and connects to present-day debates. In addition, the introduction provides summaries of Mackie’s theory of rights, his critique of Rawls’s liberalism, and of Nozick’s libertarianism.
Justice and Reciprocity
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Justice and Reciprocity examines the place of reciprocity in egalitarianism, focusing on John Rawls’s conception of ‘justice as fairness’. Reciprocity was central to justice as fairness, but Rawls wasn’t fully explicit about the concept or its diverse roles. The book’s main thesis is threefold. First, reciprocity is not simply a fact of human psychology or a duty to return benefits, but a limiting condition on general duties. Second, such conditions are a natural consequence of thinking of equality as a relational value. However, third, we can identify limits on this conditionality, which explain how some duties of justice can be unconditional. The book explores the ramifications of this argument in a series of debates about distributive justice in which Rawls’s theory has played an organizing role: the justice of productive incentives, duties to future generations, unconditional basic income, and global justice. In each domain, thinking about reciprocity as a limiting condition rather than simply a duty helps explain otherwise puzzling aspects of justice as fairness, in some cases making the view more plausible, but in others underlining limits of the view that will be unappealing to egalitarians of a more unilateral bent. The overall aim of the book is to show that reciprocity involves more than returning benefits, and that limiting justice with reciprocity conditions need not make justice implausibly undemanding. In this way, I hope to rehabilitate reciprocity for egalitarianism.
Reciprocity and Egalitarianism
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reciprocity and Egalitarianism argues that reciprocity is both a source for and a constraint on egalitarianism. The chapter explores the tension between the two in John Rawls’s theory of justice as fairness. Most discussion has been devoted to reciprocity as a strategy, motivation, or duty; less attention has been paid to the distinct notion of reciprocity as a limiting condition, and how it might be related to reciprocity as an ideal. Rawls’s account of reciprocity is predominantly factual and psychological and so doesn’t directly address the questions of the rationale for, and extent of, justice’s conditionality. Jiwei Ci’s account of justice’s conditionality provides a useful starting point but focuses too much on limiting the costs of justice, doesn’t distinguish different forms of conditionality (proportional and bilateral), and doesn’t provide a principled account of how duties of justice can be unconditional.
Reciprocity as Motivation
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reciprocity as Motivation examines the role of reciprocity as a fact of human psychology in justice as fairness. Rawls assumed that evolution had built into human nature a tendency to respond in kind, making his conception more stable than utilitarianism. The chapter explains why this aspect of Rawls’s theory is empirically plausible, but normatively unsatisfying. We need an ethical account of reciprocity, not merely a factual one, as a limiting condition, not merely a duty. Questions about conditionality are camouflaged by Rawls’s focus on principles of justice for a well-ordered society. However, the chapter argues that it is because justice is partly conditional on reciprocity that ideal theory has priority over non-ideal theory. We need a justification for this conditionality, however, and an account of its limits.
Reciprocity as Duty
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reciprocity as Duty explores the role that the duty of reciprocity plays in justice as fairness. Some have argued that justice as fairness generalizes this duty from individual interactions to the social system as a whole. If justice were simply a matter of proportionality in reciprocating benefits, however, we would have no duties of justice to those incapable of benefitting others. The duty of reciprocity can’t ground an egalitarian theory of justice because we need a prior account of justice to specify the duty in question. This ‘priority’ objection applies to a series of views that appeal to reciprocity in the service of egalitarianism, both popular and academic. Thinking of reciprocity as a limiting condition helps answer the objection that justice as fairness threatens to leave many with severe disabilities beyond the scope of justice.
Reciprocity as Limiting Condition
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reciprocity as Limiting Condition explains how and why duties can be conditional on reciprocity. The chapter defines reciprocity as symmetry of oriented properties, and identifies two forms of non-accidental reciprocity: explanatory, when one relation is a condition for the other to hold, and aspirational, when symmetry is valued without being required for the relations to hold. If conditional, duties are conditional on willingness to comply, not likelihood of benefit. In principle, an equal system of rights could be symmetrically unconditional, reciprocity being valued but not essential for the corresponding duties to be binding. If we think of duties as being owed to others, however, then in the presence of imperfect compliance, a system of fully unconditional duties would license forms of interpersonal authority that are inconsistent with people standing in relations of equality. The chapter identifies a number of limits on conditionality, however, some of which follow from reciprocity itself.
Cooperation, Competition, and Incentives
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cooperation, Competition, and Incentives examines the assurance problems that confront egalitarian economics, if contributive obligations are conditional on reciprocity. The chapter sets the debate about the justice of productive incentives with respect to Rawls’s theory in the context of the assurance problems that confront proposals for a cooperative, reciprocity-based economy, focusing on Serge-Christophe Kolm, Joseph Carens, and G. A. Cohen. The so-called ‘basic structure restriction’ on the difference principle’s scope of application is best seen as a proxy for reciprocity conditions on contributive obligations. We can admit that some duties of justice are not conditional, e.g. the duty not to be racist, while maintaining that obligations of productive contribution are.
Future Generations
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Future Generations aims to dispel the non-reciprocity problem that allegedly confronts justice as fairness in the context of intergenerational justice. Solving the non-reciprocity problem by finding heretofore unrecognized forms of cooperation between generations leads back to the objection that the difference principle would prohibit intergenerational saving. If we think of reciprocity as a limiting condition rather than a duty, however, the question to ask about future generations is not whether they have benefitted us, but whether we have sufficient confidence that they would fulfil their duties were they in our place. Perhaps not, but we are largely protected from actual failures of reciprocity by the fact that we will be dead. The distributive form of the non-reciprocity problem is not a problem, but a solution—to the no-saving problem. However, maximizing versions of the intragenerational difference principle will still forbid intergenerational saving.
Global Justice
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global Justice rejects Rawls’s explicit reasons for refusing to globalize justice as fairness, but argues that this refusal can be explained by the need for assurance in order for duties conditional on reciprocity to be binding. Equality is aspirationally global in scope, but limited in the demands it places upon us when institutions sufficient to ensure general compliance are lacking. The chapter explores the ways that a number of prominent theories avoid the conclusion that lack of assurance renders our duties of global justice non-binding: Thomas Pogge’s strict negative duty not to participate in the imposition of institutions that cause excess severe poverty; Iris Marion Young’s social connection model of responsibility; and Aaron James’ account of justice in trade.
Perception and Cognition of Music
Authors: McAdams Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Perception and Cognition of Music: The Sorbonne Lectures presents revised and updated materials delivered in four distinguished lectures at the Université Paris-Sorbonne in 2009 and the Université de Montréal in 2010, originally published in French. It aims to bridge the fields of music psychology, music theory, and music analysis by considering several aspects of music listening through the lens of cognitive psychology. Auditory grouping processes play a role in organizing the continuous incoming sensory information into events, streams of events, and segments of streams that form musical units. Perceived properties of events and streams depend on how the incoming information is organized. Special attention is given to timbre as an understudied musical parameter, which can be a strong structuring force and form-bearing element in music through orchestration practice. The development of systems of abstract knowledge built on different musical parameters within a given culture focuses on the cognitive processing of pitch systems and structures and their role in the mental representation of hierarchical event structures in listeners’ minds. Finally, given that music is a temporal art par excellence, the temporality of music listening is explored through a collaborative project involving a composer, psychologists, and musicologists around the conception and creation of a musical work and the perception and affective response it engenders in a live-concert experiment. Each chapter concludes with elements for reflection to expand the necessary transdisciplinary approach that music scholarship needs.
The temporality of music listening
Authors: McAdams Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Music, as with other temporal arts, unfolds in time and thus engages attentional, mnemonic, and affective processes in the experience of form. The project around The Angel of Death for piano, chamber ensemble, and computer-processed sound by Roger Reynolds addressed the conception, creation, and realization of musical materials and form, as well as the perception, memory, and affective response to them in live in-concert experiments. Real-time recognition of musical materials appearing in the piece revealed certain limits for materials recurring in different instrumentations, but also demonstrated the effects of large-scale musical form on instantaneous responses and structure perception in line with the composer’s intentions. Real-time reporting of emotional force reactions revealed divergences between perceptual and affective forms in the piece, opening the door to considerations of the multidimensionality of musical experience in time.
Introduction
Authors: Mayer Benoit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces this monograph on environmental assessment as a tool for climate change mitigation. It does so by presenting the book’s context, objective, method, and structure. Most jurisdictions across the world have sought to assess the climate impact of proposed activities as a way to mitigate climate change but, in doing so, they have faced several issues. The book aims to document the use of environmental assessment as a tool for climate change mitigation, to analyse the main issues faced when doing so, and to evaluate potential solutions. It does so mainly by relying on comparative legal analysis, namely through a global survey of national practice complemented by more thorough case studies.
Appraising Significance
Authors: Mayer Benoit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The assessment of significance plays a vital role at several stages of an environmental assessment procedure. Yet, this assessment is problematic with regard to climate impacts because no single activity directly causes any concrete harm. This chapter shows that courts, national agencies, lawmakers, and project proponents across the world have come up with multiple methods to determine the significance of climate impacts. Simple but rudimentary approaches, such as an absolute emission threshold, may be appropriate for the preliminary assessment of significance at the screening and scoping stages of the environmental assessment. For what concerns the substantive decision-making stages, however, more sophisticated methods include the use of empirical and normative benchmarks as well as economic valuation instruments such as the social cost of greenhouse gas emissions.
Poplar leaf bud resin metabolomics: seasonal profiling of leaf bud chemistry in Populus trichocarpa provides insight into resin biosynthesis
Authors: Piirtola Eerik-Mikael , Overy David P , Constabel C. Peter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Trees in the genus Populus synthesize sticky and fragrant resins to protect dormant leaf buds during winter. These resins contain diverse phenolic metabolites, in particular, hydroxycinnamate esters and methylated flavonoids. Populus trichocarpa leaf bud resin is characterized by methylated dihydrochalcone aglycones. To determine how the resin profile is influenced by seasonal changes, P. trichocarpa lateral leaf bud extracts and secreted surface resin were collected monthly over a 1-year cycle. The dihydrochalcones in both sets of extracts were quantified using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS), and other chemical changes were monitored using nontargeted metabolomics by UPLC–high-resolution MS (UPLC–HRMS). The results indicate that the dihydrochalcone content changes over the seasons and that biosynthesis occurs concomitant with bud development in the summer months. Nontargeted metabolomics data confirmed a pattern of dramatic changes in the summer and further suggested additional periods of substantive biochemical change in the resin. While overall patterns of surface-extracted resin matched those of whole bud extracts, some of the dynamics were shifted in the surface resin samples. This study provides the basis for the use of dihydrochalcones and other identified resin components as metabolic markers for more detailed investigations of resin biosynthesis, secretion, and movement to the bud surface.
Public perceptions of the US innovation system: moderate support but compelling need for reform
Authors: Budge Jason A , Harthorn Barbara Herr , Kandlikar Milind , Satterfield Terre , Halcomb Laura 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Science and innovation policy in the USA often frame publics as the beneficiaries of new technologies, but little research has yet engaged publics on their views of the innovation system (IS)—the combined efforts of government, industry, and universities to produce and promote new technologies. Based on a national public survey (n = 3,010), we identify three dimensions of public judgments about the IS with public policy implications: (1) US publics hold moderate confidence in the IS to produce benefits for them and to respond to public input; (2) they are slightly more critical of innovation-related environmental harm and the accrual of benefits to large corporations; and (3) they strongly support reforms to ensure safe, responsible, and affordable technological innovation. Multivariate regressions indicate variance of judgments by social location and worldviews, finding equity and justice aspects particularly salient in views on the IS. We discuss implications for innovation policy.
Personal light treatment devices: a countermeasure to improve sleep, fatigue, and circadian misalignment in an operational setting
Authors: Chabal Sarah , Moslener Emily , Markwald Rachel R , Chinoy Evan D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Carefully timed light exposure is a promising countermeasure to overcome the negative sleep and circadian implications of shift work. However, many lighting interventions are static and applied at the group level (e.g. light banks, changes to ambient lighting), which is not appropriate for all populations or settings. This study investigates whether individualized lighting exposure, via personal light treatment devices (PLTDs), can improve sleep, sustain projected performance, and entrain circadian rhythms with the work schedules of US Navy submariners. Submarines are a unique testbed for PLTD intervention because they provide a self-contained environment with little influence from outside schedules or lighting. Forty-two submariners were pseudo-randomly assigned to either the PLTD or Control group. PLTD group participants wore blue-light exposure glasses for ~40 minutes upon waking and blue-blocking glasses for ~2 hours before sleep; Control group participants did not use PLTDs. Both groups completed questionnaires assessing subjective sleep and mood before and after the 12-day intervention, and wore wrist actigraphy devices to objectively assess sleep, projected performance, and predicted circadian phase outcomes. Compared with the Control group, several objective and subjective sleep outcomes and projected performance scores were improved in the PLTD group. The PLTD group’s predicted circadian phase (modeled from actigraphy-derived accelerometer data) more rapidly shifted to align with scheduled work periods. Compliance with PLTD use was high, with no major disruptions to operational duties reported. These data provide initial support for the use of PLTDs as a flexible and customizable countermeasure for fatigue, sleep loss, and circadian misalignment in an operational environment.
Trimester-Specific Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound for Detection of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hessami K. , Horgan R. , Munoz J. L. , Norooznezhad A. H. , Nassr A. A. , Fox K. A. , Di Mascio D. , Caldwell M. , Catania V. , D’Antonio F. , Abuhamad A. Z. 
Published: December 2024

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024;63:723–730
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is an obstetrical complication where the placenta abnormally attaches to the uterus and invades surrounding tissue, posing a high risk of severe maternal bleeding if not diagnosed before delivery. Risk factors include previous uterine surgeries, such as cesarean delivery, myomectomy, uterine curettage, and endometrial ablation.
Academic Performance in Moderately and Late Preterm Children in the United States: Are They Catching Up?
Authors: Lock Nicole E. , DeBoer Mark D. , Scharf Rebecca J. , Miller Sarah E. 
Published: December 2024

(Abstracted from J Perinatol 2024;44:819–826
Preterm birth, occurring before 37 weeks of gestation, affects many US children and is linked to increased medical challenges. Although severely preterm infants have been widely studied, including their academic underperformance, research on the educational outcomes of moderate and late preterm children (32–36 6/7 weeks’ gestation) remains limited.
Resurgent Maternal and Congenital Syphilis in Mississippi—Pathways for Prevention
Authors: Dobbs Thomas , Staneva Manuela 
Published: December 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA Health Forum 2024;5(6):e241278
Between 2020 and 2021, the rates of maternal and congenital syphilis have risen sharply—up 36.4% and 32.4%, respectively. In Mississippi, there has been a 10-fold increase in congenital syphilis rising in just 6 years (2016–2022).
IUD Insertion Under Conscious Sedation: Patient Characteristics With Clinical Decisions
Authors: Ross Madeline , Corpin Alleana , Priebe Anne-Marie , Lawson Ashli 
Published: December 2024

(Abstracted from J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2024;37:433–437
Though intrauterine devices (IUDs) are widely known to be an effective form of contraception, a large proportion of adolescents choose different forms due to apprehension about pain during insertion. Previous literature has shown a few different options for the management of pain during IUD insertion, though methods for optimizing analgesia for the procedure remain as yet unclear.
Global Incidence and Mortality Trends of Corpus Uteri Cancer and Associations With Gross Domestic Product, Human Development Index, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chan Wing Chung , Ngai Chun Ho , Lok Veeleah , Zhang Lin , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi-Jie , Elcarte Edmar , Withers Mellissa , Wong Martin C. S. ,   NCD Global Health Research Group, Association of Pacific Rim Universities
Published: December 2024

(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Obstet 2023;162:998–1009
Corpus uteri cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in Western countries, although globally there is large variation in its incidence and mortality rate. Risk factors for corpus uteri cancer are giving birth later in life, use of contraceptive pills or hormone replacement therapy, alcohol consumption, high weight, adulthood obesity, and unhealthy diet, as well as comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, and family history of endometrial cancer, among others.