bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dauerschwingverhalten von Betonstahl im Dauerfestigkeitsbereich N ≥ 10 Millionen
Authors: Rappl Stefan , Osterminski Kai , Ansary Shima , Hiemer Florian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDas Ermüdungsverhalten von Betonstahl im Dauerfestigkeitsbereich stellt sich so gut wie unerforscht dar. Windenergieanlagen (On‐ und Offshore) werden jedoch gerade diesen hohen Lastwechselzahlen aus Windbeanspruchung und Seegang ausgesetzt. Für die Untersuchung dieser Fragestellung wurden rund 80 Betonstähle mit zwei unterschiedlichen Durchmessern (10 und 16 mm) auf drei verschiedenen Schwingweiten getestet. Die Probekörper wurden teilweise bis zu 100 Mio. Lastwechseln in einem Hochfrequenzpulsator mit ca. 100 Hz beansprucht. Dabei wurde insbesondere der Einfluss der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit bei größeren Durchmessern deutlich. So versagten die Proben mit Durchmesser 16 mm vorzeitig an Oberflächenbeschädigungen aus dem Walz‐ bzw. Richtprozess, während die dünneren Probekörper die vorgegebene Lastwechselzahl erreichten. Mit zunehmender Schwingweite konnte zudem eine starke Zunahme von Einspannbrüchen unabhängig vom Durchmesser festgestellt werden. Mit zunehmendem Durchmesser wurde ein stärkerer Abfall der Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit beobachtet. Bei Betrachtung der Oberfläche mit dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop konnten zahlreiche Anrisse an der Oberfläche von Durchläufer‐Probekörpern festgestellt werden. Diese waren insbesondere an kerbspannungsexponierten Stellen wie Rippenfüßen oder Kerben aus dem Richtprozess zu finden.
Big Baby, Little Mother: Tsetse Flies Are Exceptions to the Juvenile Small Size Principle
Authors: Haines Lee R. , Vale Glyn A. , Barreaux Antoine M. G. , Ellstrand Norman C. , Hargrove John W. , English Sinead 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile across the animal kingdom offspring are born smaller than their parents, notable exceptions exist. Several dipteran species belonging to the Hippoboscoidea superfamily can produce offspring larger than themselves. In this essay, the blood‐feeding tsetse is focused on. It is suggested that the extreme reproductive strategy of this fly is enabled by feeding solely on highly nutritious blood, and producing larval offspring that are soft and malleable. This immense reproductive expenditure may have evolved to avoid competition with other biting flies. Tsetse also transmit blood‐borne parasites that cause the fatal diseases called African trypanosomiases. It is discussed how tsetse life history and reproductive strategy profoundly influence the type of vector control interventions used to reduce fly populations. In closing, it is argued that the unusual life history of tsetse warrants their preservation in the areas where human and animal health is not threatened.
Longitudinal analysis of brain structure using existence probability
Authors: Maikusa Norihide , Fukami Tadanori , Matsuda Hiroshi ,   The Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (J‐ADNI)
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe propose a method to evaluate quantitatively the longitudinal structural changes in brain atrophy to provide early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsWe used existence probabilities obtained by segmenting magnetic resonance (MR) images at two different time points into four regions: gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, and background. This method was applied to T1‐weighted MR images of 110 participants with normal cognition (NL), 165 with MCI, and 82 with AD, obtained from the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.ResultsWe obtained the coefficients of probability change (CPC) for each dataset. We found high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) values (up to 0.908 of the difference of ROCs) for some CPC regions that are considered indicators of atrophy. Additionally, we attempted to establish a machine‐learning algorithm to classify participants as NL or AD. The maximum accuracy was 92.1% for NL‐AD classification and 81.2% for NL‐MCI classification using CPC values between images acquired at first and sixth months, respectively.ConclusionThese results showed that the proposed method is effective for the early detection of AD and MCI.
Pediatric COVID‐19 case with regard to the family infection chain and the psychosocial context
Authors: Schwarz Silke , Steuber Christian , Krafft Hanno , Boehm Katja , Martin David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe role of children in households, spreading SARS‐CoV‐2, may differ from measles or influenza, and therefore, these diseases are not directly comparable to COVID‐19. The psychosocial aspect of infection and quarantine for families and children suggests that fear of social stigmatization can lead to not disclosing the infection.
Facial disfigurement due to olfactory neuroblastoma: beauty regained with chemotherapy
Authors: Kumar Parmod , Sundriyal Deepak , Bhandari Rekha , Singh Abhijeet , Jat Bhinyaram , Sehrawat Amit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a sinonasal malignancy seldom seen in clinical practice. It is also known by various other names like esthesioneuroblastoma, esthesioneuroepithelioma, esthesioneurocytoma, and esthesioneuroma. Surgery and radiation therapy are considered as standard treatment modalities for ONB; however, the role of chemotherapy is not well established.AimsWe aim to define the role of chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting in a case of ONB.Methods and ResultsWe report a young female patient presenting with a naso‐facial swelling causing facial disfigurement, proptosis, decreased visual acuity, and poor performance status. She was diagnosed with advanced‐stage ONB. Prompt administration of chemotherapy led to the improvement in the symptoms and rapid regression of the tumor mass. Later on, the tumor mass was excised completely without any neurological deficit.ConclusionThis report justifies the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of ONB.
Isolation of Plant Root Nuclei for Single Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: Thibivilliers Sandra , Anderson Dirk , Libault Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe characterization of the transcriptional similarities and differences existing between plant cells and cell types is important to better understand the biology of each cell composing the plant, to reveal new molecular mechanisms controlling gene activity, and to ultimately implement meaningful strategies to enhance plant cell biology. To gain a deeper understanding of the regulation of plant gene activity, the individual transcriptome of each plant cell needs to be established. Until recently, single cell approaches were mostly limited to bulk transcriptomic studies on selected cell types. Accessing specific cell types required the development of labor‐intensive strategies. Recently, single cell sequencing strategies were successfully applied on isolated Arabidopsis thaliana root protoplasts. However, this strategy relies on the successful isolation of viable protoplasts upon the optimization of the enzymatic cocktails required to digest the cell wall and on the compatibility of fragile plant protoplasts with the use of microfluidic systems to generate single cell transcriptomic libraries. To overcome these difficulties, we present a simple and fast alternative strategy: the isolation and use of plant nuclei to access meaningful transcriptomic information from plant cells. This protocol was specifically developed to enable the use of the plant nuclei with 10× Genomics’ Chromium technology partitions technology. Briefly, the plant nuclei are released from the root by chopping into a nuclei isolation buffer before purification by filtration then nuclei sorting. Upon sorting, the nuclei are resuspended in a low divalent ion buffer compatible with the Chromium technology in order to create single nuclei ribonucleic acid‐sequencing libraries (sNucRNA‐seq). © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Arabidopsis seed sterilization and plantingBasic Protocol 2: Nuclei isolation from Arabidopsis rootsBasic Protocol 3: Fluorescent‐activated nuclei sorting (FANS) purificationSupport Protocol: Estimation of nuclei density using Countess II automated cell counterAlternate Protocol 1: Proper growth conditions for Medicago truncatula and Sorghum bicolorAlternate Protocol 2: Estimation of nuclei density using sNucRNA‐seq technology
Using Continuous‐Time Spatial Capture–Recapture models to make inference about animal activity patterns
Authors: Distiller Greg B. , Borchers David L. , Foster Rebecca J. , Harmsen Bart J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Quantifying the distribution of daily activity is an important component of behavioral ecology. Historically, it has been difficult to obtain data on activity patterns, especially for elusive species. However, the development of affordable camera traps and their widespread usage has led to an explosion of available data from which activity patterns can be estimated.

Continuous‐time spatial capture–recapture (CT SCR) models drop the occasion structure seen in traditional spatial and nonspatial capture–recapture (CR) models and use the actual times of capture. In addition to estimating density, CT SCR models estimate expected encounters through time. Cyclic splines can be used to allow flexible shapes for modeling cyclic activity patterns, and the fact that SCR models also incorporate distance means that space–time interactions can be explored. This method is applied to a jaguar dataset.

Jaguars in Belize are most active and range furthest in the evening and early morning and when they are located closer to the network of trails. There is some evidence that females have a less variable pattern than males. The comparison between sexes demonstrates how CT SCR can be used to explore hypotheses about animal behavior within a formal modeling framework.

SCR models were developed primarily to estimate and model density, but the models can be used to explore processes that interact across space and time, especially when using the CT SCR framework that models the temporal dimension at a finer resolution.
Graphenised Lithium Iron Phosphate and Lithium Manganese Silicate Hybrid Cathodes: Potentials for Application in Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Myalo Zolani , Ikpo Chinwe Oluchi , Nwanya Assumpta Chinwe , Ndipingwi Miranda Mengwi , Duoman Samantha Fiona , Mokwebo Kefilwe Vanessa , Iwuoha Emmanuel Iheanyichukwu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSol‐gel and hand milling techniques were used to prepare a lithium iron phosphate‐lithium manganese silicate (LiFePO4−Li2MnSiO4) hybrid cathode materials. The structural studies from x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show that the materials are well crystallized although few impurities were observed in the pristine LiFePO4 (LFP) and Li2MnSiO4 (LMS) materials. We used graphene to coat the hybrid cathode materials in order to increase its conductivity and enhance the electrochemical performance. The successful reduction of the graphene oxide into graphene nanosheets was confirmed with the results from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The morphological analysis indicate that the pristine materials are made of spherical nanoparticles that are slightly agglomerated while the sol‐gel‐prepared hybrid cathode materials show evenly distributed spherical nanoparticles with minimal agglomeration. The in situ sol‐gel technique gave more homogenously mixed material in comparison to the hand milling method and particle sizes of 37 and 23 nm respectively were obtained for the plain, and graphenised sol gel derived hybrid materials. The sol‐gel derived hybrid materials are also the most thermally stable giving a total weight loss of 4.5 % and 3.4 % for the plain and graphenised cathodes respectively. While the LFP‐LMS hybrid cathode materials performed better electrochemically more than the pristine materials in terms of enhanced current and specific capacities, the graphenised LFP‐LMS hybrid cathode materials showed better electrochemical properties compared to those without graphene. This is associated with the presence of graphene nanosheets in these samples. All the results confirmed that the graphenised LiFePO4−Li2MnSiO4 hybrid cathode material prepared via in situ sol‐gel method performed better than those of the hand milling method.
Wirelessly powered dielectrophoresis of metal oxide particles using spark‐gap Tesla coil
Authors: Budiman Faisal , Silalahi Desri Kristina , Muhamad Bagaskoro , Fathurahman Muhammad Rafi , Rozana Monna , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWirelessly powered dielectrophoresis (DEP) of metal oxide particles was performed using a spark‐gap Tesla coil (TC). The main contribution of this work is the simplification of the conventional DEP setup that requires attaching wires directly to the electrodes. Wireless power from the TC generates a high output frequency and voltage, which corresponds to that used for the DEP. Therefore, a spark‐gap TC was built and utilized to conduct the DEP process. Metal oxides (ZnO and Fe2O3) were used as targets for the assembly. The results showed that the wirelessly powered DEP technique via a TC was successful in assembling the metal oxide particles. Positive and negative DEP phenomena were observed. Positive DEP occurred during ZnO assembly, making particles chain grow 0.92 mm toward the sparks within 60 s. Negative DEP was observed during Fe2O3 assembly, where the repulsion of particles formed a void around the sparks with a 1.45 mm radius. The mechanism of this wireless DEP system is discussed.
Performance analysis of hybrid solar chimney–power plant for power production and seawater desalination: A sustainable approach
Authors: Abdelsalam Emad , Kafiah Feras , Tawalbeh Muhammad , Almomani Fares , Azzam Ahmad , Alzoubi Ibrahim , Alkasrawi Malek 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis study presents a novel design that combines cooling tower (CT) and traditional solar chimney power plant (SCPP) technologies for electricity generation and seawater desalination. The proposed hybrid solar chimney power plant (HSCPP) shares the operation of the chimney part and the bi‐directional turbine between the SCPP and CT, allowing alternative operation of the CT during the nighttime and the SCPP during the daytime, and achieving continuous system utilization. The performance of the HSCPP design was validated against baseline models using 1 year of weather data from the city of Aqaba in Jordan. Results revealed that the HSCPP has the potential to produce ~50% electricity (528 MWh/year) higher than the traditional SCPP (365 MWh/year). The annual seawater desalination capacity of the HSCPP was estimated at 138300 m3, which is 1.5 folds higher than the traditional SCPP. The HSCPP reduced the annual CO2 emissions by 40% (~500 tons) compared to traditional SCPP with annual revenue of US$190 000. Furthermore, the results show that the HSCPP is 1.4 times more efficient than the traditional SCPP. The HSCPP achieved a system utilization factor of 0.73% compared to 0.52% for the traditional SCPP. The HSCPP showed promising sustainable and economical technology for the production of electricity and water while reducing the emission of GHG.
Bitcoin spot and futures market microstructure
Authors: Aleti Saketh , Mizrach Bruce 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study Bitcoin (BTC) trading at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and four settlement spot exchanges that transact $146 million per day in the BTC/USD pair. Spot market median trade sizes are under $1,300 but exceed $18,000 on the CME. Bid‐ask spreads average 0.0298%. Trade sizes of over $1 million move markets by less than 1%. 2.5% of trades and 15.5% of cancellations on Coinbase take place within 50 ms. Bid‐ask spreads exceed 0.8% for only 226 s. Most executions trade‐through better quotes, with estimated losses of $36 million. The CME leads price discovery. BTC leads Ethereum price adjustment.
Prediction of 7‐year's conversion from subjective cognitive decline to mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Yue Ling , Hu Dan , Zhang Han , Wen Junhao , Wu Ye , Li Wei , Sun Lin , Li Xia , Wang Jinghua , Li Guanjun , Wang Tao , Shen Dinggang , Xiao Shifu 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a high‐risk yet less understood status before developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This work included 76 SCD individuals with two (baseline and 7 years later) neuropsychological evaluations and a baseline T1‐weighted structural MRI. A machine learning‐based model was trained based on 198 baseline neuroimaging (morphometric) features and a battery of 25 clinical measurements to discriminate 24 progressive SCDs who converted to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at follow‐up from 52 stable SCDs. The SCD progression was satisfactorily predicted with the combined features. A history of stroke, a low education level, a low baseline MoCA score, a shrunk left amygdala, and enlarged white matter at the banks of the right superior temporal sulcus were found to favor the progression. This is to date the largest retrospective study of SCD‐to‐MCI conversion with the longest follow‐up, suggesting predictable far‐future cognitive decline for the risky populations with baseline measures only. These findings provide valuable knowledge to the future neuropathological studies of AD in its prodromal phase.
Vines climbing higher: Risk management for commodity futures markets using a regular vine copula approach
Authors: Li Hemei , Liu Zhenya , Wang Shixuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe volume of trading activity relating to China's commodity futures has grown rapidly over the course of the last decade. To improve risk management in China's commodity futures markets, this paper employs a regular vine (R‐vine) copula model to study the dependence structure of commodity futures and to enhance Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) forecast. In doing so, we find that China's commodity futures market is not centred on one category of commodity futures and the tail dependence between different categories of commodity futures varies significantly. Based on the dependence structure analysed using the R‐vine copula model, we forecast the VaR of individual indices, which are formed of several commodity futures, as well as forecasting the VaR of an equally‐weighted portfolio. Our method can outperform the standard GARCH‐VaR method in terms of VaR backtesting. The tool developed within this study will enable those involved in commodity futures markets to improve their risk management.
Primary chondrosarcoma of the penis in a young patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alhubaishy Bandar , Gakis Georgios , Knoll Thomas 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionPrimary chondrosarcoma of the penis is rare. We present a case of primary chondrosarcoma of the penis in a young patient.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old man presented with a painless mass at the base of his penis for the past 6 months. Incisional biopsy of the lesion revealed a chondrosarcoma. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis ruled out a primary lesion in the bones and soft tissues. The patient rejected total penectomy and decided to start chemoradiotherapy followed by local tumor resection.ConclusionPrimary chondrosarcoma of the penis is rare. Interdisciplinary management plays an important role in planning the therapy for rare tumors. A combined chemoradiation therapy can be followed by penis‐preserving surgery to improve the quality of life in young patients with proximal penile tumors.
Exploring Cyber Secure and Resilient Approaches with Feature‐Based Product Line Engineering
Authors: Young Bobbi , Wilson Beth 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe INCOSE Systems Security Engineering Working Group and Product Line Engineering Working Group completed a joint project exploring cyber secure and resilient approaches with feature‐based product line engineering. The project output results are in this INCOSE INSIGHT theme issue (Volume 23, Issue 3). This article introduces the theme issue and the articles exploring the intersection between systems security engineering and product line engineering. The focus includes techniques for implementing systems security as part of a product line design, patterns for product line architectures addressing systems security, and variation management approaches for security and resilient product line products.
Effective Systems Security Requirements in Product Line Engineering
Authors: Adejokun Ademola , Siok Michael F. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRequirements engineering for complex software‐intensive systems (and other systems) requires identifying, specifying, analyzing, and reviewing system requirements early in the system development process. However, many cases overlook system security requirements, treating them as an afterthought during this important initial process stage. Missing security requirements for these system types cannot guarantee system integrity. It is not cost efficient to retrofit requirements at later stages to include missing security capabilities specified earlier in‐process. Detailed analysis and understanding of security requirements enable building confidentiality and integrity into our systems. Thus, early process activities must include security requirements engineering.Product Line Engineering development must guarantee system integrity and assurance for a “family of systems” borne from a common design. Hence, detailed requirements elicitation and specification is important early in the product‐line development and must include security requirements. Further, security requirements must revisit applicability, extension, and new security requirements specified to provide for security coverage of selected features contained within the product line's instances.This paper describes an approach to security requirements engineering identification and includes introducing a security profile to facilitate developing and evolving a secure product line for software‐intensive systems.