bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global multiple myeloma incidence and mortality burden in 2022 and predictions for 2045
Authors: Mafra Allini , Laversanne Mathieu , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Chaves Humberto V S , Mcshane Charlene , Bray Freddie , Znaor Ariana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an important hematological malignancy in older adults, with a relatively poor prognosis. We aimed to present the current global patterns of incidence and mortality from MM, and predict new cancer cases and deaths by 2045.

Methods
Estimated numbers of MM cases and deaths and age-standardized (World) incidence and mortality rates per 100 000 people were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database covering 185 countries. Based on the incidence and mortality rates for 2022 and UN population estimates up to 2045, cases and deaths were predicted up to 2045.

Findings
Globally, 188 000 MM cases and 121 000 deaths were estimated in 2022. Eastern Asia and Northern America accounted for one-fifth of all cases each (21% and 19% respectively), followed by South-Central Asia (11%), and Western Europe (9%). The incidence rates were higher in men than in women with similar geographical patterns. While the incidence rates were highest in Northern America and Australia/New Zealand (≥4/100 000 for both sexes combined), the highest mortality rates (1.8/100 000) were found in Australia/New Zealand, Northern Europe, and Southern Africa. In the absence of changing rates, the estimated incidence and mortality of MM will increase by 71% and 79%, respectively by 2045 relative to 2022.

Interpretation
Our study highlights the substantial burden and variations in MM incidence and mortality reflecting global disparities in diagnosis and treatment. Improved surveillance and better disease control is needed to mitigate the global impact of MM in the presence of population aging and growth.
Impact of radiation therapy dose, fractionation, and immunotherapeutic partner in a mouse model of hormone receptor–positive mammary carcinogenesis
Authors: Buqué Aitziber , Bloy Norma , Petroni Giulia , Jiménez-Cortegana Carlos , Sato Ai , Iribarren Cristina , Yamazaki Takahiro , Galassi Claudia , Hensler Michal , Bhinder Bhavneet , Guarracino Andrea , Rippon Brady , Beltran-Visiedo Manuel , Soler-Agesta Ruth , Pannellini Tania , Fucikova Jitka , Demaria Sandra , Zhou Xi Kathy , Elemento Olivier , Formenti Silvia C , Galluzzi Lorenzo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer responds poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In some settings, radiation therapy (RT) has been shown to mediate immunostimulatory effects and promote ICI sensitivity.

Methods
We investigated whether hypofractionated RT may be successfully combined with ICIs in a mouse model of multifocal, metachronous HR+ mammary carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that focal RT targeting the first detectable (primary) tumor combined with ICIs may generate effective immunity, delaying the development of new lesions.

Results
Focal RT in various doses and fractionations limited primary tumor growth, with an optimum for a 20-Gy × 2 regimen (ablative in approximately 90% of mice). The degree of primary disease control, however, did not necessarily correlate with overall survival extension because of changes in the development of new neoplastic lesions contributing to global tumor burden. Adding a PD-1 blocker to focal RT delivered in a 10-Gy × 3, 20-Gy × 2, or 8-Gy × 6 regimen failed to alter overall survival extension enabled by RT alone. Similar results were obtained with a CTLA4 blocker, an IL-1β inhibitor, and a PD-1 blocker plus recombinant FLT3LG when combined with the 10-Gy × 3 regimen.

Conclusions
In this model of HR+ mammary carcinogenesis, RT to the primary tumor ameliorates overall survival (to an extent based on dose and fractionation). Increasing local control through RT alone or RT plus immunotherapy beyond a hitherto undefined threshold, however, does not necessarily inhibit the development of subsequent nonirradiated neoplasms and hence does not necessarily provide extra overall survival benefits.
Decoding material networks: exploring performance of deep material network and interaction-based material networks
Authors: Wan Wen-Ning , Wei Ting-Ju , Su Tung-Huan , Chen Chuin-Shan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The deep material network (DMN) is a multiscale material modeling method well-known for its ability to extrapolate learned knowledge from elastic training data to nonlinear material behaviors. DMN is based on a two-layer building block structure. In contrast, the later proposed interaction-based material network (IMN) adopts a different approach, focusing on interactions within the material nodes rather than relying on laminate composite structures. Despite the increasing interest in both models, a comprehensive comparison of these two computational frameworks has yet to be conducted. This study provides an in-depth review and comparison of DMN and IMN, examining their underlying computational frameworks of offline training and online prediction. Additionally, we present a case study where both models are trained on short-fiber reinforced composites. We trained each model using elastic linear datasets to evaluate their performance and subjected them to multiple loading tests. Their performance is closely compared, and the possible factors that cause differences are explored. The superiority of IMN in offline training and online prediction is found.
Alternative Antibiotic Selections During the 2022 Amoxicillin Shortage in the United States
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Rosenman Marc , Zhang Lu , Cotter Jillian M , Sartori Laura F , Lipshaw Matthew J , Banks Ashley R , Schroeder Alan R , Lales George , Alexander Kenneth A , Michelson Kenneth A , Florin Todd A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study of 7 pediatric hospitals identified that the amoxicillin shortage in 2022 resulted in a decline in amoxicillin suspension prescribing by 30.8% with increases in use of amoxicillin nonsuspension (+7.9) and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Strategic planning and standardized guidelines are essential to address future shortages and ensure effective, guideline-based care.
Ameboma, a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in bariatric surgery patients: a case report
Authors: Palacios Mauricio , Guachilema R Alex , Lisintuña Andrea , Yepez Julio , Verboonen Sergio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ameboma is a rare complication of invasive amebiases caused by the intestinal protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. The disease is characterized by tumorous, exophytic, inflammatory masses in the lower-right quadrant of the abdomen. Symptoms are nonspecific but may include intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding. Although computed tomography and ultrasound can identify colonic masses, biopsy is the most accurate diagnostic method for ameboma. Differential diagnosis includes Crohn’s disease and colon carcinoma. Treatment involves killing the trophozoites in most cases and surgical intervention in patients with intestinal obstruction or perforation, phlegmon, or toxic megacolon. This study reports a case of intestinal obstruction caused by ameboma within the ascending colon of a bariatric surgery patient.
Laparoscopic treatment of a large simple hepatic cyst misinterpreted as hydatid
Authors: Shumarova Svetlana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In addition to becoming the gold standard for surgical treatment of a number of diseases, laparoscopy is sometimes needed as a diagnostic method to differentiate one disease from another. We present a case of a 75-year-old man with an incidentally found liver cyst, which was suspected to be hydatid. We performed a laparoscopic deroofing and a simple cyst was found, which diagnosis was confirmed the final pathological analysis of the cyst wall.
(151) CHARACTERIZATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF TOP 50 PENILE ENHANCEMENT YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Authors: Lutchka J , Morrison C , Richard C , Liaw A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
YouTube is widely used for seeking medical information, however, there is no review process to prevent poor quality content from making it to the top. Penile enhancement is a popular, yet under-studied area and thus, information regarding it is sparse. DISCERN scores assess the quality and reliability of content.

Objective
To accurately characterize and assess quality of the top 50 most popular YouTube videos surrounding penile enhancement.

Methods
“Penile enhancement” was searched on YouTube and video metrics were collected. Medical students and urologists assigned DISCERN scores, using The DISCERN Instrument protocol, for the top 50 videos by view count. Descriptive statistics and targeted regression analyses were executed.

Results
Three videos not produced in English and five videos not pertaining to penile enhancement were excluded from the study. A total of 47 videos were analyzed. The average DISCERN score was 2.54 ± 0.92 with most videos (n = 30) scoring in the lower half of possible DISCERN scores, between 1-2.99. The group that made the most content was non-urologist healthcare workers (40%) with urologists making 28% of the content and non-healthcare workers making 28%. No significant associations (-.8 &gt; r &gt; .8) were found between DISCERN scores and views (p &gt; .05), followers (p &gt; .05), likes (p &lt; .05) or creator occupation (p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The quality and reliability surrounding penile enhancement YouTube videos is generally poor and it would be in the public interest to have more high-quality educational content in this area produced by specialists.

Disclosure
No.
(152) LISTENER SATISFACTION AND UTILITY OF UROLOGIC PODCASTS: A NATIONAL SURVEY OF PATIENTS AND PROVIDERS
Authors: Dolendo I , Fan A , Kennedy A , Casperson K , Dubin J , Malik R , Pierorazio P , Raman J , Bagrodia A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the multitude of urology podcasts developed for both patients and providers, there is little research on the use of urology podcasts and the effects of these podcasts on listeners and their behaviors.

Objective
We sought to identify listener interests and satisfaction with urology podcasts and determine whether the podcasts influences the listeners’ behaviors or health-related decisions.

Methods
Qualtrics surveys were distributed to both patients and providers who listen to urology podcasts via social media. Survey information assessed self-reported demographics and podcast listening habits. Participants selected specific urology podcast(s) and answered questions about satisfaction with the selected podcasts and how the podcast influenced their behaviors. A subset of questions were administered to providers about the podcast appropriateness for their level of training and whether the podcast influenced their practice.

Results
There were 212 survey participants. Demographics and podcast listening habits are listed in Table 1. Of the participants, 81.13% agreed or strongly agreed that the podcast(s) improved their knowledge of topics covered and 82.08% agreed or strongly agreed that the podcast(s) were clear and easy to understand. 85.19% were likely or extremely likely to recommend the podcast(s) to a friend. After listening to the podcast(s), 84.66% reported changing their behavior (i.e., went to the doctor, changed their practice). The most valuable aspects of the podcasts were the ability to review materials at their own pace (33.33%) and at any time (24.56%). The preferred lengths for podcasts were 15-30 minutes (35.47%) and 30-45 minutes (30.23%). Once weekly was the ideal frequency of new episodes (51.18%) while solo lecture-style was the preferred format (40.35%). Half of the healthcare providers were attendings, 17.39% were fellows, 10.87% were residents, 13.04% were students, 6.52% were advanced practice providers, and 2.17% were physical therapists. 91.84% agreed or strongly agreed that the podcasts were appropriate for their training. After listening to the podcast(s) 81.63% changed or planned to change their practice.

Conclusions
Urology podcasts are effective forms of education for patients and providers. Majority of listeners would recommend the podcast(s) to a friend and endorsed changing their behavior after listening to the podcast(s).

Disclosure
No.
(160) POST-PANDEMIC AMERICAN UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SECTION MEETINGS SUCCESSFULLY FEATURE WOMEN UROLOGISTS IN SEXUAL MEDICINE
Authors: Wright N , Paz A , Pantoja G , Khera M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual medicine is a historically male-dominated urological subspecialty, potentially exacerbating the critical lack of research in female sexual medicine. Rates of invited women speakers, moderators, and panelists can correlate to conference planning committees’ representation efforts.

Objective
An analysis of women urologists in sexual medicine invited as speakers to the 2021-2023 Main and section meetings of the American Urological Association (AUA) was performed to increase understanding of post-pandemic female representation. Historical records were reviewed to stratify sections based on number of past female presidents for further analysis.

Methods
Review of programs from the AUA Main and section meetings in 2021, 2022, and 2023 was performed. The gender of sexual medicine plenary speakers, moderators, and panelists along with moderators of poster/podium/video sessions was recorded and confirmed via institutional websites or U.S. News & World Report. The number and gender of section past presidents was similarly recorded and confirmed. AUA Census data from 2021 and 2022 was queried for further analysis. Statistical methods included chi-square and two-proportion Z tests (α = 0.05).

Results
Across 26 meetings (summarized in Table 1), there were 50 women out of 252 sexual medicine speakers (19.8%). There was a range of 13.8% (South Central) to 34.3% (North Central) female speakers across the 9 conferences. Of interest, only North Central had a statistically significant higher proportion of women sexual medicine speakers relative to their proportion of censused practicing women urologists (p &lt; 0.001). When comparing individual section conferences to the Main conference, only North Central had a statistically significant higher proportion of women sexual medicine speakers (p &lt; 0.001). When comparing sections with past female presidents (Northeastern, New England, Mid-Atlantic, Western) to those without (New York, North Central, Southeastern, South Central), there was no statistically significant difference in the overall proportion of female speakers (p = 0.74), women taking part in plenary sessions (p = 0.46), or peer moderators who were female (p = 0.06).

Conclusions
In contrast to pre-pandemic literature, this study indicated all contemporary AUA conferences have a representative proportion of women sexual medicine speakers compared to their censused proportion of practicing women urologists. Additionally, no section invites a lower proportion of female speakers than the Main conference. Of interest, sections without a previous female president do not invite fewer women sexual medicine speakers or invite them to less prestigious roles. This data supports the efficacy of current diversity and inclusion efforts across the AUA and encourages continued monitoring of female speakers in all subspecialties.

Disclosure
No.
(161) THE 30-DAY WAITING PERIOD FOR ELECTIVE STERILIZATION IN NEW YORK STATE
Authors: Jackson J , Joshi P , Schoor R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Current studies have shown that men who elect to undergo vasectomies do so willingly and with their eyes wide open: regret following vasectomy is quite rare, even in childless men. In the current era of patient autonomy, all that is required ethically for an adult male to undergo elective sterilization is capacity and a proper and complete informed consent discussion from a vasectomist skilled in the procedure. Why, then, must Medicaid covered men here in New York State and nationally wait 30 days following a consultation to have a vasectomy?

Objective
The purpose of the present study is to review the history of the 30-day-wait period for elective sterilization and to point out its inequities and dangers.

Methods
Public data search of primary source data: PubMed, Nexus/Lexus, NYTimes, NYUS DOH.

Results
In the 1970s, reports of sterilization abuse resulted in a movement to combat coercion in the form of regulations on publicly funded sterilization. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare enacted regulations including a 72-hour waiting period before sterilization and prohibition of sterilization of those younger than 21 years old. In 1978 the waiting period was extended to 30 days. The New York State Sterilization Consent Form contains a policy length of 10 or more pages and exceeds the minimum reading levels required for patient education material and informed consent documents. The New York form requires a witness to certify that they were present while the counselor read and explained the consent to the patient, and that the witness saw the patient sign the consent form with his/her own handwriting.

Conclusions
Delays in access to reproductive care can, have and will continue to result in unwanted pregnancies. In the present post-Dobbs era, unwanted pregnancies have already caused morbidity and mortality in women and will only continue to so. Moreover, placing barriers to reproductive care for both men and women increases the woman’s reproductive burden and serves to promulgate generational poverty. Though mandatory wait period regulations came in response to public outcry related to improper sterilizations performed on vulnerable populations but in its current form, mandatory 30-day wait periods serve no one: not society nor the poor the policies claim to protect. Mandatory 30-day wait periods reek of inequity and must be abolished. This fight starts at the level of county and state medical societies.

Disclosure
No.
(186) THE USE OF THE FLUORESCENT NUCLEAR STAIN DAPI TO IDENTIFY SEMINAL LEUKOCYTES
Authors: Stocks B , Oppenheimer A , Tran L , Huang J , Lipshultz L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Emerging animal-based research highlights the requisite role of the immune system in maintaining tolerance to spermatozoa. Critically, however, there exists a paucity of studies investigating the role of the immune system in clinical male factor infertility. Current protocols investigating seminal fluid resident white blood cells (leukocytes) include peroxidase staining; however, further investigation of these cells is rarely performed due to the extremely low frequency of these cells. The AUA and ASRM have no guidelines regarding the workup or treatment of leukospermia.

Objective
We sought to develop a streamlined and simple assay to identify and better characterize rare leukocytes within spermatozoa-rich semen samples.

Methods
We identified 15 patients with “Too Numerous to Count” round cells from our seminal fluid cryobank. These semen samples were thawed and exposed to a formalin/saponin based buffer to fix and permeabilize cells. Cells were then stained with the fluorescent nuclear stain DAPI and fluorescently conjugated antibodies directed against CD45. Sample acquisition was performed on a BD LSRFortessa Flow Cytometer and data analyzed using FlowJo software.

Results
DAPI nuclear staining clearly separates DAPI dim spermatozoa (haploid cells) from DAPI bright leukocytes (diploid cells). Subsequent dual-channel CD45 antibody staining confirms the absence of CD45 on haploid spermatozoa (98% negative) and positivity of CD45 on diploid leukocytes (87.2% positive). Appropriate DAPI signal intensity of the leukocytes within the semen samples was confirmed by spiking semen samples with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overall, CD45 positive leukocytes represented 0.003% to 2.93% +/- 0.88% of the leukocytes found in the seminal plasma of infertile patients.

Conclusions
50% of male factor infertility remains undefined. Preclinical evidence reveals a required role of the immune system in maintaining immunologic tolerance to “foreign” spermatozoa. Breaks in this system may perpetuate male factor infertility but clinical investigation of this paradigm remains to be pursued.

Disclosure
No.
(192) THE PAUCITY OF FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION TRAINING IN UROLOGY AND OBGYN RESIDENCIES
Authors: Brink S , Implicito C , Cadiente A , Ullah N , Nguyen J , Shin D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is an underappreciated field, receiving much less attention than male sexual dysfunction (MSD). As the AUA Core Curriculum includes lessons on both MSD and FSD, urology residencies should be providing education on both; however, unlike MSD, FSD can also be treated by OBGYNs so it is worthwhile to compare Urology and OBGYN education on this topic.

Objective
We sought to evaluate all AUA- and ACOG-accredited residency program websites to determine the availability of FSD information and to compare this to the availability of MSD information in Urology programs.

Methods
The AUA and ACOG residency program lists were used to identify Urology (n = 148) and OBGYN (n = 228) residency program websites, respectively. Each website was independently analyzed by three reviewers to collect: FSD (“sexual health/function/dysfunction” specifically related to females) and MSD (“erectile dysfunction,” “impotence,” “men’s health,” “sexual health/function/dysfunction,” “prosthetics”) content, number of clicks to reach each topic, curricula, subspecialists on faculty, and program directors (PDs). Data was stratified by AUA section and ACOG district where appropriate. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare FSD and MSD content.

Results
Surprisingly, there were only two (1.4%) urology residency program websites which included FSD content, with a median of 1 click (range 0-2) to access that content, compared to 12 (5.3%) OBGYN websites also with a median of 1 click (range 0-3). 74 (50%) urology websites include MSD content also with a median of 1 click (range 0-3) to access that content, which is a &gt; 37% difference compared to OBGYN FSD content (p &lt; .05). OBGYN FSD content was included in 10/12 (83%) of listed curricula; while MSD was only included in 33/74 (45%) of curricula (p &lt; .05). Neither Andrology or Sexual Medicine subspecialist(s) on faculty nor PD specialization in Andrology or Sexual Medicine predicted MSD content (p &gt; .05); however, an OBGYN FSD faculty member predicted FSD content (p &lt; .05). Concordant PD gender did not predict MSD content (p &gt; .05), but predicted OBGYN FSD content (p &lt; .05). Programs with FSD content were represented in districts II, III, V, VII, VIII, and IX; while all AUA sections were represented in MSD content.

Conclusions
FSD content is lacking on urology residency program websites and severely underrepresented in urology training in comparison to MSD content and training. Only about 5% of OBGYN residency program websites include FSD content, which combined with urology’s lack of training, leads to a paucity of FSD-trained physicians. Both specialties must make great strides to fill the gap and care for women’s sexual concerns. We cannot rely on fellowship training to balance this inequity.

Disclosure
No.