bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Changes in REBOA Utilization Practices are Associated With Increased Survival: an Analysis of the AORTA Registry
Authors: Bukur Marko , Gorman Elizabeth , DiMaggio Charles , Frangos Spiros , Morrison Jonathan J. , Scalea Thomas M. , Moore Laura J. , Podbielski Jeanette , Inaba Kenji , Kauvar David , Cannon Jeremy W. , Seamon Mark J. , Spalding M. Chance , Fox Charles , DuBose Joseph J. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Aortic occlusion (AO) is utilized for patients in extremis, with resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) use increasing. Our objective was to examine changes in AO practices and outcomes over time. The primary outcome was the temporal variation in AO mortality, while secondary outcomes included changes in technique, utilization, and complications.

Study Design:
This study examined the AORTA registry over a 5-year period (2014–2018). AO outcomes and utilization were analyzed using year of procedure as an independent variable. A multivariable model adjusting for year of procedure, signs of life (SOL), SBP at AO initiation, operator level, timing of AO, and hemodynamic response to AO was created to analyze AO mortality.

Results:
One thousand four hundred fifty-eight AO were included. Mean age (39.1 ± 16.7) and median ISS (34[25,49]) were comparable between REBOA and open AO. Open AO patients were more likely: male (84% vs. 77%, P = 0.001), s/p penetrating trauma (61% vs. 19%, P < 0.001), and arrived without SOL (60% vs. 40%, P = 0.001). REBOA use increased significantly and adjusted mortality decreased 22%/year while open AO survival was unchanged. REBOA initiation SBP increased significantly over the study period (52.2 vs. 65, P = 0.04). Compared with patients undergoing AO with CPR, each decile increase in SBP improved survival 12% (AOR 1.12, adj P = 0.001). The use of 7F REBOA (2.9%–54.8%) and Zone III deployment increased significantly (14.7% vs 40.6%), with Zone III placement having decreased associated mortality (AOR 0.33, adj P = 0.001). Overall REBOA complication rate was 4.5% and did not increase over time (P = 0.575).

Conclusions:
REBOA survival has increased significantly while open AO survival remained unchanged. This may be related to lower thresholds for REBOA insertion at higher blood pressures, increased operator experience, and improved catheter technology leading to earlier deployment.
Michael Denis Gale. 25 August 1943—18 July 2009
Authors: Flavell Richard B. , Snape John W. 
Published: August 2020

Michael (Mike) Gale was an internationally well-known crop geneticist with a career devoted mostly to wheat genetics. However, he also studied rice, maize, pearl millet and fox millet for the benefit of agriculture in developing countries. He brought new knowledge and techniques into plant breeding that made a difference to crop improvement worldwide. Noteworthy is his team's leadership in (i) defining the genetic basis of dwarfism in wheat, the major genetic innovation underlying the previously achieved ‘green revolution’ in wheat production; (ii) expanding knowledge of ‘pre-harvest sprouting’, which occurs in many wheat varieties growing in temperate climates, which reduces their flour quality and value; (iii) developing the first comprehensive genetic maps of wheat based on isozymic and DNA-based molecular markers; and (iv) developing the comparative genetics of grasses based on the conserved order of genes on chromosome segments, consistent with the evolution of the species from a common ancestor. These discoveries had a major impact in plant genetics. His team also provided the worldwide cereal geneticists and breeding communities with technologies and genetic markers that accelerated the development of cereal genetics and facilitated more efficient plant breeding. He made major and influential contributions to international agricultural research, particularly targeted at developing countries, through his participation on international and national committees, including those of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research. His contribution helped to drive the international research agenda for crop genetics, plant breeding and plant science generally.
Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of outpatients with mildly symptomatic COVID-19: A multi-center observational study
Authors: Ip Andrew , Ahn Jaeil , Zhou Yizhao , Goy Andre H. , Hansen Eric , Pecora Andrew L , Sinclaire Brittany A , Bednarz Urszula , Marafelias Michael , Mathura Shivam , Sawczuk Ihor S , Underwood Joseph P. , Walker David M. , Prasad Rajiv , Sweeney Robert L. , Ponce Marie G. , Capra Samuel La , Cunningham Frank J. , Calise Arthur G. , Pulver Bradley L. , Ruocco Dominic , Mojares Greggory E. , Eagan Michael P. , Ziontz Kristy L. , Mastrokyriakos Paul , Goldberg Stuart L 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine has not been associated with improved survival among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the majority of observational studies and similarly was not identified as an effective prophylaxis following exposure in a prospective randomized trial. We aimed to explore the role of hydroxychloroquine therapy in mildly symptomatic patients diagnosed in the outpatient setting.MethodsWe examined the association between outpatient hydroxychloroquine exposure and the subsequent progression of disease among mildly symptomatic non-hospitalized patients with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome assessed was requirement of hospitalization. Data was obtained from a retrospective review of electronic health records within a New Jersey USA multi-hospital network. We compared outcomes in patients who received hydroxychloroquine with those who did not applying a multivariable logistic model with propensity matching.ResultsAmong 1274 outpatients with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection 7.6% were prescribed hydroxychloroquine. In a 1067 patient propensity matched cohort, 21.6% with outpatient exposure to hydroxychloroquine were hospitalized, and 31.4% without exposure were hospitalized. In the primary multivariable logistic regression analysis with propensity matching there was an association between exposure to hydroxychloroquine and a decreased rate of hospitalization from COVID-19 (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29, 0.95). Sensitivity analyses revealed similar associations. QTc prolongation events occurred in 2% of patients prescribed hydroxychloroquine with no reported arrhythmia events among those with data available.ConclusionsIn this retrospective observational study of SARS-CoV-2 infected non-hospitalized patients hydroxychloroquine exposure was associated with a decreased rate of subsequent hospitalization. Additional exploration of hydroxychloroquine in this mildly symptomatic outpatient population is warranted.Lay SummaryIn this observational study of 1,274 COVID-19 patients, hydroxychloroquine given as an outpatient treatment was associated with a 47% reduction in the hazard of hospitalization. Adverse events were not increased (2% QTc prolongation events, 0% arrhythmias). Further validation is required. Use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 in the outpatient setting should be reserved for a clinical trial or after discussion with a physician regarding risks and benefits.
The analysis of the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the cellular immune system in individuals recovering from COVID-19 reveals a profound NKT cell impairment
Authors: Liu Jia , Yang Xuecheng , Wang Hua , Li Ziwei , Deng Hui , Liu Jing , Xiong Shue , He Junyi , Guo Chunxia , Wang Weixian , Zelinskyy Gennadiy , Trilling Mirko , Dittmer Ulf , Lu Mengji , Sutter Kathrin , Senff Tina , Menne Christopher , Timm Joerg , Zhang Yanfang , Deng Fei , Feng Xuemei , Lu Yinping , Wu Jun , Yang Dongliang , Wang Baoju , Zheng Xin 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThecoronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic caused by thesevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) affects millions of people and killed hundred-thousands of individuals. While acute and intermediate interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system have been studied extensively, long-term impacts on the cellular immune system remained to be analyzed. Here, we comprehensively characterized immunological changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 49 COVID-19 convalescent individuals (CI) in comparison to 27 matched SARS-CoV-2 unexposed individuals (UI). Despite recovery from the disease for more than 2 months, CI showed significant decreases in frequencies of invariant NKT and NKT-like cells compared to UI. Concomitant with the decrease in NKT-like cells, an increase in the percentage of Annexin V and 7-AAD double positive NKT-like cells was detected, suggesting that the reduction in NKT-like cells results from cell death months after recovery. Significant increases in regulatory T cell frequencies, TIM-3 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells, as well as PD-L1 expression on B cells were also observed in CI, while the cytotoxic potential of T cells and NKT-like cells, defined by GzmB expression, was significantly diminished. However, both CD4 and CD8 T cells of CI showed increased Ki67 expression and were fully capable to proliferate and produce effector cytokines upon TCR stimulation. Collectively, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of immune signatures in patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that the cellular immune system of COVID-19 patients is still under a sustained influence even months after the recovery from disease.
A CAR RNA FISH assay to study functional and spatial heterogeneity of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in tissue
Authors: Eichholz Karsten , Li Alvason Zhenhua , Diem Kurt , Jensen Michael C. , Zhu Jia , Corey Lawrence 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are engineered cells used in cancer therapy and are studied to treat infectious diseases. Trafficking and persistence of CAR T cells is an important requirement for efficacy to target cancer. Here, we describe a CAR RNA FISH histo-cytometry platform combined with a random reaction seed image analysis algorithm to quantitate spatial distribution and in vivo functional activity of a CAR T cell population at a single cell resolution for preclinical models. In situ, CAR T cell exhibited a heterogenous effector gene expression and this was related to the distance from tumor cells, allowing a quantitative assessment of the potential in vivo effectiveness. The platform offers the potential to study immune functions of genetically engineered cells in situ with their target cells in tissues with high statistical power and thus, can serve as an important tool for preclinical assessment of CAR T cell effectiveness.Brief summaryWe developed an imaging platform and analysis pipeline to study large populations of engineered cells at a single cell level in situ.One Sentence SummaryWe developed a CAR RNA FISH assay to study chimeric antigen receptor T cell trafficking and function in mouse tissue.
Association of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act with Insurance Status and Clinical Characteristics of Low-Income Patients with Newly Diagnosed Melanoma
Authors: Puri Pranav , Pittelkow Mark R. , Mi Lanyu , Mangold Aaron R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImportanceThe Affordable Care Act expanded Medicaid eligibility in participating states to individuals with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty line. The effects of this policy on the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma in low-income populations has yet to be described.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Medicaid expansion on changes in insurance status and clinical characteristics of low-income patients with newly diagnosed melanoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included patients younger than 65 with a new diagnosis of malignant melanoma from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016, in the US National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database.ExposuresResidence in a state that expanded Medicaid on January 1, 2014.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were insurance status, melanoma staging, and overall survival.ResultsIn Medicaid expansion states, there were 1,719 low-income patients with newly diagnosed melanoma during the pre-expansion time period and 1,984 (15% increase) during the post-expansion time period. In nonexpansion states, there were 326 low-income patients with newly diagnosed melanoma during the pre-expansion time period, and 288 during the post-expansion time period (12% decrease). Compared with nonexpansion states, expansion states had a significantly greater reduction in percentage of uninsured patients following Medicaid expansion (adjusted odds ratio, 6.27 [95% CI, 4.83 to 8.14]). Overall survival was not statistically different between expansion and nonexpansion states (HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.74 to 1.06]). There were no statistically significant differences in melanoma staging at diagnosis between the expansion and nonexpansion groups (p = 0.05).Conclusions and RelevanceMedicaid expansion was associated with increased melanoma diagnoses in low-income patients and a decreased proportion of uninsured patients. However, our study did not identify differences in clinical outcomes associated with Medicaid expansion.Key PointsQuestionWas Medicaid expansion associated with changes in insurance status and clinical characteristics of low-income melanoma patients?FindingsMedicaid expansion was associated with increased diagnoses of melanoma in low-income populations and reductions in the proportion of uninsured melanoma patients. However, there were no statistically significant changes in staging at diagnosis or overall survival associated with Medicaid expansion.MeaningIncreased health insurance coverage associated with Medicaid expansion could potentially improve timely detection and treatment of melanoma for low-income populations.
SARS-CoV-2 transmission and control in a hospital setting: an individual-based modelling study
Authors: Huang Qimin , Mondal Anirban , Jiang Xiaobing , Horn Mary Ann , Fan Fei , Fu Peng , Wang Xuan , Zhao Hongyang , Ndeffo-Mbah Martial , Gurarie David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of strategies for mitigating the severity of COVID-19 is now a top global public health priority. We sought to assess strategies for mitigating the COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital setting via the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing, self-isolation, tracing and quarantine, wearing facial masks/ personal protective equipment.MethodsWe developed an individual-based model for COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers in a hospital setting. We calibrated the model using data of a COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital unit in Wuhan in a Bayesian framework. The calibrated model was used to simulate different intervention scenarios and estimate the impact of different interventions on outbreak size and workday loss.ResultsWe estimated that work-related stress increases susceptibility to COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers by 52% (90% Credible Interval (CrI): 16.4% – 93.0%). The use of high efficacy facial masks was shown to be able to reduce infection cases and workday loss by 80% (90% CrI: 73.1% – 85.7%) and 87% (CrI: 80.0% – 92.5%), respectively. The use of social distancing alone, through reduced contacts between healthcare workers, had a marginal impact on the outbreak. A strict quarantine policy with the isolation of symptomatic cases and a high fraction of pre-symptomatic/ asymptomatic cases (via contact tracing or high test rate), could only prolong outbreak duration with minimal impact on the outbreak size. Our results indicated that a quarantine policy should be coupled with other interventions to achieve its effect. The effectiveness of all these interventions was shown to increase with their early implementation.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that a COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital’s non-COVID-19 unit can be controlled or mitigated by the use of existing non-pharmaceutical measures.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India
Authors: Ray Animesh , Singh Komal , Chattopadhyay Souvick , Mehdi Farha , Batra Gaurav , Gupta Aakansha , Agarwal Ayush , Bhavesh M , Sahni Shubham , Chaithra R , Agarwal Shubham , Nagpal Chitrakshi , Gagantej B H , Arora Umang , Sharma Kartikeya Kumar , Jadon Ranveer Singh , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Nischal Neeraj , Vikram Naval K , Soneja Manish , Pandey R M , Wig Naveet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India.MethodThis cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method.ResultsA total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8% patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity.ConclusionAround, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)
Impacts of K-12 school reopening on the COVID-19 epidemic in Indiana, USA
Authors: España Guido , Cavany Sean , Oidtman Rachel , Barbera Carly , Costello Alan , Lerch Anita , Poterek Marya , Tran Quan , Moore Annaliese Wieler Sean , Perkins T. Alex 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the United States, schools closed in March 2020 due to COVID-19 and began reopening in August 2020, despite continuing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In states where in-person instruction resumed at that time, two major unknowns were the capacity at which schools would operate, which depended on the proportion of families opting for remote instruction, and adherence to face-mask requirements in schools, which depended on cooperation from students and enforcement by schools. To determine the impact of these conditions on the statewide burden of COVID-19 in Indiana, we used an agent-based model calibrated to and validated against multiple data types. Using this model, we quantified the burden of COVID-19 on K-12 students, teachers, their families, and the general population under alternative scenarios spanning three levels of school operating capacity (50%, 75%, and 100%) and three levels of face-mask adherence in schools (50%, 75%, and 100%). Under a scenario in which schools operated remotely, we projected 45,579 (95% CrI: 14,109-132,546) infections and 790 (95% CrI: 176-1680) deaths statewide between August 24 and December 31. Reopening at 100% capacity with 50% face-mask adherence in schools resulted in a proportional increase of 42.9 (95% CrI: 41.3-44.3) and 9.2 (95% CrI: 8.9-9.5) times that number of infections and deaths, respectively. In contrast, our results showed that at 50% capacity with 100% face-mask adherence, the number of infections and deaths were 22% (95% CrI: 16%-28%) and 11% (95% CrI: 5%-18%) higher than the scenario in which schools operated remotely. Within this range of possibilities, we found that high levels of school operating capacity (80-95%) and intermediate levels of face-mask adherence (40-70%) resulted in model behavior most consistent with observed data. Together, these results underscore the importance of precautions taken in schools for the benefit of their communities.
ANALYSIS OF SARS-COV-2 GENOME SEQUENCES FROM THE PHILIPPINES: GENETIC SURVEILLANCE AND TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS
Authors: Tablizo Francis A. , Lapid Carlo M. , Maralit Benedict A. , Yap Jan Michael C. , Destura Raul V. , Alejandria Marissa M. , Petronio-Santos Joy Ann , Morado El King D. , Dizon Joshua Gregor A. , Llames Jo-Hannah S. , Araiza Shiela Mae M. , Punayan Kris P. , Velasco John Mark S. , Mejia Julius Aaron , Dollete Maribell , Salamat Sonia , Tan Christina , Gabriel Kristianne Arielle D. , Fabilloren Shebna Rose D. , Demot Bernard , Genavia Shana F. , Nipales Jarvin E. , Sanchez Alessandra C. , Gaza Haifa L. , Arevalo Geraldine M. , Pangilinan Coleen M. , Acosta Shaira A. , Salinas Melanie V. , Schwem Brian E. , Dela Tonga Angelo D. , Galarion Ma. Jowina H. , Dungca Niña Theresa P. , Geganzo Stessi G. , Bascos Neil Andrew D. , Cutiongco-de la Paz Eva Maria , Saloma Cynthia P. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe spread of the corona virus around the world has spurred travel restrictions and community lockdowns to manage the transmission of infection. In the Philippines, with a large population of overseas Filipino contract workers (OFWs), as well as foreign workers in the local online gaming industry and visitors from nearby countries, the first reported cases were from a Chinese couple visiting the country in mid-January 2020. Three months on, by mid-March, the COVID-19 cases in the Philippines had reached its first 100, before it exploded to the present 178,022 cases (as of August 20, 2020). Here, we report a genomic survey of six (6) whole genomes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus collected from COVID-19 patients seen at the Philippine General Hospital, the major referral hospital for COVID-19 cases in Metro Manila at about the time the Philippines had over a hundred cases. Analysis of commonly observed variants did not reveal a clear pattern of the virus evolving towards a more infectious and severe strain. When combined with other available viral sequences from the Philippines and from GISAID, phylogenomic analysis reveal that the sequenced Philippine isolates can be classified into three primary groups based on collection dates and possible infection sources: (1) January samples collected in the early phases of the pandemic that are closely associated with isolates from Wuhan, China; (2) March samples that are mainly linked to the M/V Diamond Princess Cruise Ship outbreak; and (3) June samples that clustered with European isolates, one of which already harbor the globally prevalent D614G mutation which initially circulated in Europe. The presence of community-acquired viral transmission amidst compulsory and strict quarantine protocols, particularly for repatriated Filipino workers, highlights the need for a refinement of the quarantine, testing, and tracing strategies currently being implemented to adapt to the current pandemic situation.