bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between healthy eating index and serum antioxidant indices in patients with different degrees of cataract compared to healthy subjects: a case-control study
Authors: Heidari Naeimeh , Jabbari Masoumeh , Babashahi Mina , Nabie Reza , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Arefhosseini Seyed Rafie 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Studies conducted on association between diet and cataract, found conflicting results. This paper aims to investigate the association between healthy eating index (HEI) and serum antioxidant and oxidant indices in patients with different degrees of cataract compared to the healthy subjects.

Design/methodology/approach
Ninety volunteers (aged > 50 years) were divided into the cataract (n = 45) and healthy control (n = 45) groups in this case-control study. Anthropometric variables, HEI score, serum total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), blood pressure, physical activity and stress measurements were done for all participants.

Findings
There was a significant difference in stress level between subgroup of first-degree cataract and healthy controls (16.6 ± 2.3 vs 42.5 ± 29.0, p < 0.001) as well as third-degree cataract (16.6 ± 2.3 vs 75.2 ± 22.6, p < 0.001). Serum TAC was significantly higher in healthy people compared to the first-degree (1.2 ± 0.2 vs 1 ± 0.2, p = 0.002) and third-degree cataract patients (1.2 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.2, p = 0.013). Also, serum TOC was significantly lower in healthy controls compared to the first-degree (8.2 ± 1.1 vs 9.2 ± 1.0, p = 0.006) and third-degree cataract patients (8.2 ± 1.1 vs 9.1 ± 1.2, p = 0.015). There was a significant direct correlation between moderation (r = 0.61, p = 0.019) and total score of HEI (r = 0.57, p = 0.031) with serum TAC only in the first-degree cataract patients. Also there was a significant negative correlation between moderation score of HEI with serum TOC in the first-degree cataract patients (r = −0.60, p = 0.025), and there was a significant negative correlation between moderation (r = −0.36, p = 0.017) and total score (r=−0.35, p = 0.021) of HEI and TOC in the total cataract patients.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on the assessment of the relationship between components of HEI and serum antioxidant indicators in different types of cataract compared to healthy individuals. It could be a start point for more detailed and large-scaled studies, even intervention studies, in this field.
Protest policing by black police officers: double marginality and collateral consequences
Authors: Kochel Tammy Rinehart 
Published: July 2020

PurposeDrawing from representative bureaucracy theory, hiring minority police officers has been a perpetual reform recommendation for improving tense police-community relationships with minority communities since the 1960s. The expectation is that minority officers will provide active/symbolic representation, but little is known about minority officers' experiences during racially tense situations. This paper examines whether black officers experienced double marginality in the context of prolonged protests against police in Ferguson, MO in 2014 and compares black vs. nonblack officers' self-assessments about their preparedness to handle the crisis, procedural justice during the crisis and mental and emotional effects on officers following protest policing.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interviews with 45 police personnel who policed the Ferguson protests provide a rich description of the context and experiences through the lens of police officers. Surveys of 218 officers who conducted protest policing in Ferguson are used to compare the impact on black vs. non-black officers.FindingsThe results provide a detailed portrayal of the double marginality experienced by black officers while policing the Ferguson protests, but also demonstrate that black officers were resilient to the effects of that experience, showing significantly more favorable outcomes than their nonblack peers.Originality/valueThis is the only study to utilize a mixed methods approach with police officers who conducted protest policing to understand officers' experiences in the midst of a racially inflamed context. The findings provide support for policymakers interested in advocating and supporting hiring more minorities in policing.
A multi-resolution framework for automated in-plane alignment and error quantification in additive manufacturing
Authors: Jin Yu , Liao Haitao , Pierson Harry A. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Additive manufacturing (AM) has shown its capability in producing complex geometries. Due to the additive nature, the in situ layer-wise inspection of geometric accuracy is essential to making AM reach its full potential. This paper aims to propose a novel automated in-plane alignment and error quantification framework to distinguish the fabrication, measurement and alignment errors in AM.

Design/methodology/approach
In this work, a multi-resolution framework based on wavelet decomposition is proposed to automatically align two-dimensional point clouds via a polar coordinate representation and then to differentiate errors from different sources based on a randomized complete block design approach. In addition, a two-stage optimization model is proposed to find the best configuration of the multi-resolution framework.

Findings
The proposed framework can not only distinguish errors attributed to different sources but also evaluate the performance and consistency of alignment results under different levels of details.

Practical implications
A sample part with different featured layers, including a simple free-form layer, a defective layer and a layer with internal features, is used to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework. The proposed alignment method outperforms the widely used iterative closest point algorithm.

Originality/value
This work fills a research gap of state-of-the-art studies by automatically quantifying different types of error inherent in manufacturing, measuring and part alignment.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging 18Ni-300 steel obtained by powder bed based selective laser melting process
Authors: Wu Wangping , Wang Xiang , Wang Qun , Liu Jianwen , Zhang Yi , Hua Tongshu , Jiang Peng 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to maraging 18Ni-300 steel fabricate by powder bed based selective laser melting (SLM) process. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the maraging steel part before and after heat treatment at a slow cooling rate were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
The microstructure of the printed part was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The phases were determined by X-ray diffraction. The surface roughness of the part was recorded by a profilometer. The tensile properties and microhardness of the parts before and after heat treatment were characterized by an electronic universal tensile testing machine and a Vickers hardness tester, respectively.

Findings
Maraging 18Ni-300 steel part comprised of the martensitic phase and a small fraction of austenite phase. After heat treatment, the volume fraction of austenite slightly increased. The surface roughness of the part was about 96 µm. The printed part was dense, but irregular pores were present. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation and Young’s modulus of as-fabricated parts were 554.7 MPa, 1173.1 MPa, 10.9% and 128.9 GPa, respectively. The yield strength, UTS, elongation and Young’s modulus of as-treated parts were 2065 MPa, 2225 MPa, 4.2% and 142.5 GPa, respectively. The microhardness values of surface and cross-section of the as-fabricated part were 407.1 HV and 443.0 HV, respectively. After short-time heat treatment, the microhardness values of the surface and cross-section of the part were 542.7 HV and 567.3 HV, respectively. After long-time heat treatment, the microhardness values of the surface and cross-section of the part were 524.4 HV and 454.8 HV, respectively. The microhardness and tensile strength increased significantly with decreasing elongation due to the changes in phases and microstructure of the parts after heat treatment.

Originality/value
This work studied the effect of heat treatment at 550°C combined with a subsequent slow cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging 18Ni-300 steel obtained by the powder bed based SLM process.
Library orientation practices in special libraries
Authors: Fraser-Arnott Melissa 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The library orientation session is an important marketing tool because it offers the first opportunity for library staff to connect with new clients (Craft and Ballard-Thrower, 2011; Rhoades and Hartsell, 2008). This paper aims to explore library orientation practices in special libraries and information centers with the goal of surveying current practices and identifying guidance for successful orientation program design and delivery.

Design/methodology/approach
This study explored library orientation practices in special libraries and information services through an electronic survey. The survey questions were developed based on themes that emerged from case studies on library orientations from the academic library literature. These themes included reasons for library orientation program redesigns, the importance of partnerships in orientation design and delivery and the tools and techniques used in the delivery of orientation sessions.

Findings
The results revealed that library orientations are taking place in special libraries, but there is no consistent approach to library orientation delivery. Even within a single library, multiple approaches to library orientations are taken based on client availability, demand and information needs observations of library staff. Participants’ responses were analyzed to develop recommendations for special library orientations. These include developing partnerships (particularly with human resource departments), using technology strategically, considering the timing of orientations for new potential clients in relation to their start as new employees in the host organization, customizing library orientations based on client segment, engaging in ongoing outreach, and being flexible in design and delivery methods.

Research limitations/implications
This study represents a starting step in an exploration of library orientation practices in special libraries. The key limitation of this study was the low response rate leading to small sample size. A larger sample of special libraries would be needed to produce a quantitative analysis of the prevalence of practices with an acceptable degree of statistical significance. Alternately, smaller samples of special libraries organized by characteristics such as size or type (e.g. corporate libraries, law libraries and medical libraries) could be conducted to determine if distinctive trends exist within these special library types.

Practical implications
This study revealed information about key practices and challenges that can be used by special library practitioners seeking to implement or redesign a library orientation program in their library.

Originality/value
While academic and practitioner literature exists detailing library orientation activities in academic and school libraries, there are very few papers on special library orientations. This study fills a gap in the literature by investigating library orientation practices in special libraries and information centers.
invisaWear: bridges under construction
Authors: Santos Roberto S. , Sun Sunny Li , Luo Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2020

Theoretical basis
Forming ties with prominent partners can help convey greater status and legitimacy to the company (Hallen, 2008) and also increases the entrepreneur’s influence within their own network (Bonacich, 1987). This allows entrepreneurs to gain greater access to the information, experience or resources that the company needs.

Research methodology
The founders of the company provided us with access to the inner workings of the company, their mentors and advisors and themselves. The authors used archival research and interviews when preparing this case. Interviews allow for the development of uncensored, real-life insights into the entrepreneur’s business experience. The authors also interviewed two of their mentors and investors.

Case overview/synopsis
Having graduated from UMass Lowell with engineering degrees, co-founders Rajia Abdelaziz and Ray Hamilton build invisaWear into a venture, but they did not know much about business. With coaching from their mentors, Rajia and Ray focused on building their network to raise capital to finance the business. Despite all their hard work networking, however, they faced a hurdle. Rajia and Ray contemplated their dilemma. “Are the authors doing something wrong? What can the authors do differently to attract investors?”

Complexity academic level
This case is suitable for an undergraduate course in business or entrepreneurship. This case is intended to illustrate to both business and non-business students how entrepreneurs can go about building their networks to grow their businesses. Presented as a real-life example of how entrepreneurs build their networks, the case can also be used to hone in on select topics including mentoring, searching for resources and coachability.
Pregnancy and postpartum outcomes in a universally tested population for SARS‐CoV‐2 in New York City: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Prabhu M , Cagino K , Matthews KC , Friedlander RL , Glynn SM , Kubiak JM , Yang YJ , Zhao Z , Baergen RN , DiPace JI , Razavi AS , Skupski DW , Snyder JR , Singh HK , Kalish RB , Oxford CM , Riley LE 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo describe differences in outcomes between pregnant women with and without coronavirus dsease 2019 (COVID‐19).DesignProspective cohort study of pregnant women consecutively admitted for delivery, and universally tested via nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. All infants of mothers with COVID‐19 underwent SARS‐CoV‐2 testing.SettingThree New York City hospitals.PopulationPregnant women >20 weeks of gestation admitted for delivery.MethodsData were stratified by SARS‐CoV‐2 result and symptomatic status, and were summarised using parametric and nonparametric tests.Main outcome measuresPrevalence and outcomes of maternal COVID‐19, obstetric outcomes, neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2, placental pathology.ResultsOf 675 women admitted for delivery, 10.4% were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, of whom 78.6% were asymptomatic. We observed differences in sociodemographics and comorbidities among women with symptomatic COVID‐10 versus asymptomatic COVID‐19 versus no COVID‐19. Caesarean delivery rates were 46.7% in symptomatic COVID‐19, 45.5% in asymptomatic COVID‐19 and 30.9% in women without COVID‐19 (P = 0.044). Postpartum complications (fever, hypoxia, readmission) occurred in 12.9% of women with COVID‐19 versus 4.5% of women without COVID‐19 (P < 0.001). No woman required mechanical ventilation, and no maternal deaths occurred. Among 71 infants tested, none were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Placental pathology demonstrated increased frequency of fetal vascular malperfusion, indicative of thrombi in fetal vessels, in women with COVID‐19 versus women without COVID‐19 (48.3% versus 11.3%, P < 0.001).ConclusionAmong pregnant women with COVID‐19 at delivery, we observed increased caesarean delivery rates and increased frequency of maternal complications in the postpartum period. Additionally, intraplacental thrombi may have maternal and fetal implications for COVID‐19 remote from delivery.Tweetable abstractCOVID‐19 at delivery: more caesarean deliveries, postpartum complications and intraplacental thrombi.
Lipopolysaccharide neutralizing protein inMiso, Japanese fermented soybean paste
Authors: Sasaki Hitomi , Pham Thi Ngoc Diep , Nishikawa Masazumi , Kanauchi Makoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMiso, a fermented paste made from soybeans, is used traditionally for seasoning of food. It has been a protein and nitrogen source since ancient times in Japan because of its high nutritional value. Furthermore, it has important health functions such as the estrogen‐like activity of isoflavones, anti‐oxidation, and angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibition activity. Moreover, it has activity for neutralization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fromEscherichia coli. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of that activity remain unclear. For this study, we purified and identified the proteins responsible for LPS‐neutralization. After proteins were isolated from amisoextract using Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a protein found at 10 to 30 kDa on the polyacrylamide gel was identified using nano LC‐MS/MS as 2S albumin in soybean (Glycine max). The protein had two LPS binding motifs: SKWQHQ (22 amino acid residues) and EKQKKKMEKE (131 amino acid residues). The protein inmisowas found to have LPS neutralization activity, as assayed by prostaglandin D2(PGD2) production from macrophage cells. The PGD2production by macrophage cells was inhibited by LPS‐neutralizing protein (LNP) frommiso. Particularly, 50 mg/mL of LNP solution and LPS (10 µg/mL) inhibited production of PGD2from the cells. The data were inferred as significantly different (P< 0.05) from statistical analyses by analysis of variance testing and Tukey tests. The 2S albumin in soybean is LNP, an LPS‐neutralizing protein, produced inmiso.Practical ApplicationA protein frommisofermented soy paste neutralizes anEscherichia coliintestinal bacterial product, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which causes intestinal inflammation.Misoand its protein are anticipated for use as a probiotic agent to prevent intestinal inflammation in humans and domestic animals.Misois useful not only as a seasoning for food, but also as a health‐functional food because it is an LPS‐neutralizing agent.
Six‐month flare risk after discontinuing long‐term methotrexate treatment in patients having rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity
Authors: Lee Jung Sun , Oh Ji Seon , Hong Seokchan , Kim Yong‐Gil , Lee Chang‐Keun , Yoo Bin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the disease flare rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who achieved low disease activity following long‐term methotrexate (MTX) treatment and the factors related to flare.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal cohort study included patients with RA and low disease activity who were exposed to MTX for >10 years. Disease flare was defined as an increase in Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) of >1.2 within 6 months of discontinuation of MTX. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with flare.ResultsIn total, 97 patients with RA were included in the study. The mean baseline DAS28 was 1.96 ± 0.56. The median cumulative MTX dose was 11.7 g; the median duration of exposure to MTX was 19 years. Following MTX discontinuation, flare occurred in 43 (44.3%) patients; the median time to flare was 99 (28‐168) days. According to univariate logistic regression analysis, C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at discontinuation, the average ESR in the 6 months before discontinuation of MTX, a weekly dose of MTX before discontinuation, and use of other conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs were associated with a higher risk of disease flare. In multivariable analysis, a weekly dose of MTX before discontinuation (odds ratio 1.014; 95% CI 1.014‐1.342; P = .031) was significantly associated with flare risk.ConclusionAmong patients with RA who achieved low disease activity with long‐term treatment with MTX, more than half remained flare free after MTX discontinuation. A higher MTX dose before discontinuation was associated with a high flare risk.
Understanding genetic variability in the mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genepool
Authors: Gayacharan  , Tripathi Kuldeep , Meena Surendra Kumar , Panwar Bhopal Singh , Lal Hanuman , Rana Jai Chand , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMungbean or green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a major pulse crop of Southeast Asia. This is the most liked pulse in India because of its good palatability, nutritional quality and easy digestibility. It is mainly grown in subsistence farming systems in India. The crop species has evolved in a diverse range of agroclimatic conditions and therefore the local germplasm has rich genetic diversity. However, this diversity has not been explored to identify useful traits and germplasm to utilise in crop improvement programmes. Therefore, a study was performed on 1,232 mungbean accessions using 8 quantitative, 18 qualitative traits and 4 seed morphometric traits to understand genetic diversity of the crop and identify trait‐specific germplasm. Wide range of variation was observed for days to flowering, days to maturity, pod length, number of seeds/pod and 100‐seed weight. Relative high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for 100‐seed weight, flowering period, seed length and seed breadth. Broad sense heritability (h2) analysis indicated that days to 50% flowering, flowering period, days to 80% maturity, 100‐seed weight and seed‐dimension‐related traits are highly suitable for mungbean breeding programmes. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis based on morphological quantitative traits indicates that the diversity in the mungbean germplasm has no significant relationship with respect to their geographical origin. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first five principal components (PCs) explained 91.4% of total variation. The maximum variance was explained by PC1 (44.61%) followed by PC2 (21.15%). Plotting of observations in two‐dimensional space corresponding to PC1 and PC2 revealed wide distribution of accessions, and certain accessions were found associated with variables. The agromorphological variability and its genetic nature revealed from this study may prove very useful in ongoing and future breeding programmes.