bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualistic responses of forest herb traits to environmental change
Authors: Blondeel H. , Perring M. P. , De Lombaerde E. , Depauw L. , Landuyt D. , Govaert S. , Maes S. L. , Vangansbeke P. , De Frenne P. , Verheyen K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Intraspecific trait variation (ITV; i.e. variability in mean and/or distribution of plant attribute values within species) can occur in response to multiple drivers. Environmental change and land‐use legacies could directly alter trait values within species but could also affect them indirectly through changes in vegetation cover. Increasing variability in environmental conditions could lead to more ITV, but responses might differ among species. Disentangling these drivers on ITV is necessary to accurately predict plant community responses to global change.

We planted herb communities into forest soils with and without a recent history of agriculture. Soils were collected across temperate European regions, while the 15 selected herb species had different colonizing abilities and affinities to forest habitat. These mesocosms (384) were exposed to two‐level full‐factorial treatments of warming, nitrogen addition and illumination. We measured plant height and specific leaf area (SLA).

For the majority of species, mean plant height increased as vegetation cover increased in response to light addition, warming and agricultural legacy. The coefficient of variation (CV) for height was larger in fast‐colonizing species. Mean SLA for vernal species increased with warming, while light addition generally decreased mean SLA for shade‐tolerant species. Interactions between treatments were not important predictors.

Environmental change treatments influenced ITV, either via increasing vegetation cover or by affecting trait values directly. Species’ ITV was individualistic, i.e. species responded to different single resource and condition manipulations that benefited their growth in the short term. These individual responses could be important for altered community organization after a prolonged period.
ERP evidence suggests that confrontation with deterministic statements aligns subsequent other‐ and self‐relevant error processing
Authors: Pfabigan Daniela M. , Mielacher Clemens , Dutheil Frédéric , Lamm Claus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study used event‐related potential (ERP) measurements to investigate whether error processing in a social context is modulated by top‐down influence of deterministic thinking, i.e., subjective beliefs that events are pre‐determined by previously existing causes. To this end, half of our participants were confronted with statements denying the existence of free will, aimed to induce more deterministic thinking, whereas the other half was assigned to a control group that read neutral statements. Thereafter, all participants performed a choice‐reaction task for their own and for the benefit of a second participant. Error rates were comparable in both groups and benefit settings, while only control participants showed enhanced post‐error slowing (PES) in other‐ compared to self‐relevant trials. On the neural level, other‐relevant errors elicited diminished early error signals (reduced ΔERN amplitudes) in deterministic‐intervention participants compared to controls. In subsequent processing, ERPs of deterministic‐intervention participants did not differentiate between the benefit settings, while controls showed reduced ΔPe amplitudes for others compared to self‐relevant errors. Taken together, our findings suggest that being confronted with deterministic compared to control statements reduced subsequent processing differences between other‐ and self‐relevant error processing. This might be beneficial in social evaluation or intergroup situations because it could decrease self‐cenetred processing biases often observed in these situations.
Red cell genotyping in Thailand: trends for blood transfusion in Asian populations
Authors: Nathalang Oytip 
Published: February 2020

Numerous molecular techniques have been employed to determine well‐matched blood units for patients in need, particularly those requiring blood transfusions within 3 months and presenting positive DAT results. Only specialized reference laboratories use commercially available kits for red cell (RC) genotyping due to their expense and requiring extremely sophisticated instruments. Moreover, regarding complicated cases, particular typing reagents may be unavailable or insufficient. Therefore, identifying and confirming the compatibility of the blood units donated would require more time. This article aims to review the present uses of RC genotyping in Thailand and their significant contributions to transfusion practices in Asian populations. RC genotyping using PCR‐sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) and multiplex PCR (M‐PCR) has been established and used in patient and donor populations. The results of genotyping acquired by PCR‐SSP and M‐PCR were precise and in agreement with serological techniques. Predicted phenotypes of clinically significant blood group systems have been used to determine the compatibility of RC units among Thai patients having multiple antibodies. As a result, one additional advantage is the expanded storing of donated, frozen rare blood types. RC genotyping for high‐ and low‐prevalence antigens among differing Asian ethnicities requires consideration. RC genotyping employing these advanced PCR techniques could provide testing results that are both reliable and appropriate to screen suitable donor blood units in complex cases or patients presenting rare blood types. In addition, comparable strategies could be employed in other Asian populations using limited resources.
Understanding of Secondary Flows and Losses in Radial and Mixed Flow Turbines
Authors: Yang Bijie , Newton Peter , Martinez-Botas Ricardo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Radial or mixed flow turbines are very common in industrial application, spanning turbochargers, small turbines for power generation, and energy recovery systems. Secondary flows have received a limited attention in the literature, and this papers aims to fill this gap of knowledge. The secondary flow structures in mixed flow turbines are particularly complex due to its geometry, high curvature, and the appearance of Coriolis and centrifugal forces. The focus of the present work is to investigate the evolution of secondary flows and their losses in a mixed flow turbine by using an experimentally validated three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The flow topology is analyzed to explain the formation and evolution of flow separations at the pressure, suction, and hub surfaces. The suction surface separation is caused by centrifugal forces, and it induces the formation of a hub separation. As the inlet velocity decreases, the hub separation increases in strength. A major feature found is the pressure surface separation, located at the leading edge tip, formed due to flow incidence; as the incidence decreases, this separation extends to the hub. Losses caused by those separations as well as the tip leakage vortex are studied by calculating locally entropy generation. Results show that the tip-leakage vortex accounts for the majority of losses (60%) and renders the losses caused by suction surface and induced hub separations to be small. The presence of the more severe hub separation was also found to have a significant detrimental effect on the turbine efficiency, which increases losses on the hub and the suction surface from 40% to 65%. Pressure surface separation, however, does not vary the total amount of losses significantly but rather redistributes the losses in the blade passage.
Multidimensional Manifold Continuation for Adaptive Boundary-Value Problems
Authors: Dankowicz Harry , Wang Yuqing , Schilder Frank , Henderson Michael E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Parameter continuation of finitely parameterized, approximate solutions to integro-differential boundary-value problems typically involves regular adaptive updates to the number and meaning of the unknowns and/or the associated constraints. Different continuation steps produce solutions with different discretizations or to formally different sets of equations. Existing general-purpose, multidimensional continuation algorithms fail to account for such differences without significant additional coding and are therefore prone to redundant coverage of the set of solutions. We describe a new algorithm, implemented in the software package coco, which overcomes this problem by characterizing the solution set in an invariant, finite dimensional, projected geometry rather than in the space of unknowns corresponding to any particular discretization. It is in this geometry that distances between solutions and angles between tangent spaces are quantified and used to construct possible directions of outward expansion. A pointwise lift identifies such directions in the projected geometry with directions of continuation in the full set of unknowns, used by a nonlinear predictor-corrector algorithm to expand into uncharted parts of the solution set. Several benchmark problems from the analysis of periodic orbits in autonomous dynamical systems are used to illustrate the theory.
A Nonlinear Reduced-Order Model of the Corpus Callosum Under Planar Coronal Excitation
Authors: Mojahed Alireza , Abderezaei Javid , Kurt Mehmet , Bergman Lawrence A. , Vakakis Alexander F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with microstructural tissue damage in the brain, which results from its complex biomechanical behavior. Recent studies have shown that the deep white matter (WM) region of the human brain is susceptible to being damaged due to strain localization in that region. Motivated by these studies, in this paper, we propose a geometrically nonlinear dynamical reduced order model (ROM) to model and study the dynamics of the deep WM region of the human brain under coronal excitation. In this model, the brain hemispheres were modeled as lumped masses connected via viscoelastic links, resembling the geometry of the corpus callosum (CC). Employing system identification techniques, we determined the unknown parameters of the ROM, and ensured the accuracy of the ROM by comparing its response against the response of an advanced finite element (FE) model. Next, utilizing modal analysis techniques, we determined the energy distribution among the governing modes of vibration of the ROM and concluded that the demonstrated nonlinear behavior of the FE model might be predominantly due to the special geometry of the brain deep WM region. Furthermore, we observed that, for sufficiently high input energies, high frequency harmonics at approximately 45 Hz, were generated in the response of the CC, which, in turn, are associated with high-frequency oscillations of the CC. Such harmonics might potentially lead to strain localization in the CC. This work is a step toward understanding the brain dynamics during traumatic injury.
Understanding Laser Powder Bed Fusion Surface Roughness
Authors: Snyder Jacob C. , Thole Karen A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Surface roughness is a well-known consequence of additive manufacturing methods, particularly powder bed fusion processes. To properly design parts for additive manufacturing, a comprehensive understanding of the inherent roughness is necessary. While many researchers have measured different surface roughness resultant from a variety of parameters in the laser powder bed fusion process, few have succeeded in determining causal relationships due to the large number of variables at play. To assist the community in understanding the roughness in laser powder bed fusion processes, this study explored several studies from the literature to identify common trends and discrepancies amongst roughness data. Then, an experimental study was carried out to explore the influence of certain process parameters on surface roughness. Through these comparisons, certain local and global roughness trends have been identified and discussed, as well as a new framework for considering the effect of process parameters on surface roughness.
An Experimental Investigation of Pressure Drop During Partial Condensation of Low Pressure Steam
Authors: du Plessis Jacques , Owen Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As direct dry-cooling systems are becoming more popular for thermal power plants, there is a demand to increase the flexibility of the application and performance of these cooling systems. A novel hybrid (dry/wet) dephlegmator (HDWD) cooling system is being developed, and at this stage in the development of the HDWD, the performance analysis and optimization of the HDWD is currently subject to uncertainties in a number of parameters. One of the parameters is the confidence in the correlations to predict the steam-side pressure drop over the wide range of full to partial condensation conditions expected in the system as a result of the design. This study makes use of an experimental apparatus to measure steam pressure drop over a range of partial to full condensation inside a circular horizontal tube. The experiment is conducted by measuring the steam flow and steam pressure drop in a horizontal primary condenser tube with the presence of a secondary condenser tube. The primary condenser has a tube length of 2.5 m and an inside tube diameter of 19.3 mm similar to the proposed HDWD design. Existing correlations for pressure drop in condensing flow are compared with the results to assess the applicability of the correlations for the HDWD case. It was found that the correlation of Lockhart and Martinelli’s with the Chisholm parameter fits the experimental data the best with a mean error of ±15.6%. A parametric study also indicated that there is a prominent increase in the frictional pressure drop at low partial condensation ratios (i.e., high steam through flow) as expected with wave drag at the vapor and condensate interface due to the difference in velocity.
Production Performance Analysis for Multi-Branched Horizontal Wells in Composite Coal Bed Methane Reservoir Considering Stress Sensitivity
Authors: Jiang Ruizhong , Liu Xiuwei , Cui Yongzheng , Wang Xing , Gao Yue , Mao Nianyu , Yan Xinyuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Coal bed methane (CBM) significantly contributes to unconventional energy resources. With the development of the drilling technology, multi-branched horizontal wells (MBHWs) have been put into the exploitation of CBM. In this paper, a semi-analytical mathematical model is introduced to study the production characteristics of MBHWs in the composite CBM reservoir. Stress sensitivity, composite reservoir, and complex seepage mechanisms (desorption, diffusion, and Darcy flow) are taken into consideration. Through Pedrosa transformation, Perturbation transformation, Laplace transformation, Finite cosine transformation, element discretization, superposition principle, and Stehfest numerical inversion, pseudo-pressure dynamic curves and production decline curves are plotted and 13 flow regimes are divided. Then, the sensitivity analysis of related parameters is conducted to study the influences of these parameters based on these two type curves. Model verification and field application are introduced which shows that the model is reliable. The model proposed in this paper and relevant results analysis can provide some significant guidance for a better understanding of the production behavior of MBHWs in the composite CBM reservoir.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with end-stage renal disease hospitalized with diabetes ketoacidosis
Authors: Galindo Rodolfo J , Pasquel Francisco J , Fayfman Maya , Tsegka Katerina , Dhruv Neil , Cardona Saumeth , Wang Heqiong , Vellanki Priyathama , Umpierrez Guillermo E 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThere is limited evidence to guide management in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on chronic hemodialysis admitted with diabetes ketoacidosis. Thus, we investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with ESRD admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).MethodsIn this observational study, we used International Classification of Diseases Ninth/Tenth Revision codes to identify adult (aged 18–80 years) patients admitted to Emory University Hospitals between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2016. DKA and ESRD diagnoses were confirmed by reviewing medical records and by admission laboratory results.ResultsAmong 307 patients with DKA meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22.1% (n: 68) had ESRD on hemodialysis and 77.9% (n: 239) had preserved renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Compared with patients with preserved renal function, the admission blood glucose was higher (804.5±362.6 mg/dL vs 472.5±137.7 mg/dL) and the mean hemoglobin A1c was lower (9.6%±2.1 vs 12.0%±2.5) in patients with DKA and ESRD, both p<0.001. The rates of hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL (34% vs 14%, p=0.002) and <54 mg/dL (13% vs 5%, p=0.04) were higher in the ESRD group. During hospitalization, more patients with ESRD develop volume overload (28% vs 3%, p<0.001) and require mechanical ventilation (24% vs 3%, p=<0.001). There were no differences in hospital mortality (3% vs 0%, p=0.21), but length of stay (median 7.0 vs 3.0 days, p<0.001) was longer in the ESRD cohort. After adjusting for multiple covariates, patients with DKA and ESRD have higher odds of hypoglycemia (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.51 to 7.21, p=0.003) and volume overload (OR 4.22, 95% CI 1.37 to 13.05, p=0.01) compared with patients with DKA with preserved renal function.ConclusionsPatients with DKA and ESRD on chronic hemodialysis had worse clinical outcomes including higher rates of hypoglycemia, volume overload, need for mechanical ventilation and longer length of stay, compared with patients with preserved kidney function.
Habitual snoring, adiposity measures and risk of type 2 diabetes in 0.5 million Chinese adults: a 10-year cohort
Authors: Wei Yuxia , Zheng Bang , Fan Junning , Lv Jun , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Du Huaidong , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Chen Jianxin , Zhong Xunfu , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Yu Canqing , Li Liming 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to examine whether habitual snoring was independently associated with risk of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults, and to assess the role that adiposity measures play in the snoring–diabetes association, as well as to evaluate the joint influence of snoring and adiposity measures on diabetes.Research design and methodsThe China Kadoorie Biobank study recruited 512 715 adults aged 30–79 years from 10 regions in China during 2004 and 2008. Data from 482 413 participants without baseline diabetes were analyzed in the present study. Autoregressive cross-lagged panel analysis was used to assess the longitudinal relationship between adiposity measures and habitual snoring. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between habitual snoring and diabetes risk.ResultsBoth higher body mass index and waist circumference were associated with higher risks of subsequent habitual snoring, whereas no reverse association was detected. A total of 16 479 type 2 diabetes cases were observed during a 10-year follow-up. Habitual snoring was independently associated with 12% (95% CI 6% to 18%) and 14% (95% CI 9% to 19%) higher risks of diabetes among men and women, respectively. Habitual snorers who had general obesity or central obesity were about twice as likely to develop diabetes as non-snorers at the lowest levels of adiposity measures.ConclusionHabitual snoring was independently associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults. It is important to maintain both a healthy weight and a normal waist circumference to prevent or alleviate habitual snoring and ultimately prevent diabetes among Chinese adults.
Validation of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recording in electronic health records: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Stone Philip , Sood Nikhil , Feary Johanna , Roberts C Michael , Quint Jennifer K 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionMany patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience a sustained worsening in symptoms termed an acute exacerbation (AECOPD). AECOPDs impact on patients’ quality of life and lung function, are costly to health services and are an important topic for research. Electronic health records (EHR) are increasingly being used to study AECOPD, requiring accurate detection of AECOPD in EHRs to ensure generalisable results. The aim of this protocol is to provide an overview of studies that validate AECOPD definitions used in EHRs and administrative claims databases.Methods and analysisMedline and Embase will be searched for terms related to COPD exacerbation, EHRs and validation. All studies published between 1 January 1990 and 30 September 2019 written in English that validate AECOPD in EHRs and administrative claims databases will be considered. Inclusion criteria: EHR data must be routinely collected; the AECOPD detection algorithm must be compared against a reference standard; and a measure of validity must be calculable. Two independent reviewers will screen articles for inclusion, extract study details and assess risk of bias using QUADAS-2. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus or arbitration by a third reviewer. This protocol has been developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist.Ethics and disseminationThis will be a review of previously published literature therefore no ethical approval is required. Results from this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The results can be used in future research to identify occurrences of AECOPD.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130863.