bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the kinetics of competitive sorption and desorption of Zn(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) in an acidic soil: Stirred‐flow experiments
Authors: Padilla J. T. , Selim H. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mobility and fate of heavy metals in soils is of environmental concern. Stirred‐flow experiments were conducted to study the competitive sorption and desorption of Zn, Ni, and Pb in binary systems in acidic Olivier loam soil. For all three binary systems, consecutive pulse applications demonstrated that the metal of highest affinity displaced sorbed amounts of metals of low affinity, whereas sorbed concentrations of the ion of highest affinity were unaffected by the addition of the metal of lower affinity. The displacement of Ni by Zn appeared irreversible, whereas the displacement of Zn by Pb and Ni by Pb was reversible. A two‐site competitive kinetic model consisting of common and ion‐specific sites successfully described the experimental data. Specifically, the model was able to accurately predict lower sorbed concentrations in concurrent pulse studies, as well as the displacement of Ni by Zn and Zn by Pb in the consecutive pulse studies. The presented model provided significant improvement over single‐ion models that have been previously used to describe competitive interactions between species in stirred flow experiments.
An Investigation into Interactions between 1‐Butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Guest and Pillar[5]arene Hosts: An Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Approach
Authors: Al Mamari Hamad H. , Al Harrasi Iman , Suliman Fakhreldin O. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVarious synthesized Pillar[5]arene macrocycles were allowed to form complexes with the ionic liquid; 1‐Butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL). The pillar[5]arenes used in the study were synthesized by the established pioneering method of Ogoshi that involves treatment of 1,4‐disubstituted benzenes with paraformaldehyde in the presence of BF3.OEt2. Selected synthesized pillar[5]arenes; DMpillar[5]arene (4a), DPpillar[5]arene (4b), DPGpillar[5]arene (4c) were allowed to form complexes with the ionic liquid, and complexations were confirmed by MALDI‐TOF, ESI‐MS, 1H NMR, and DOSY spectroscopy. ESI‐MS reveals highly intense ion peaks that correspond to [pillar[5]arene+IL]+ for the complexes of the three pillar[5]arenes with the ionic liquid. Changes in characteristic peaks in hosts and guests, as a result of complexation, were studied by 1H NMR. Results obtained suggest a formation of 1 : 1 complexes between the pillar[5]arene host and the IL guest. Host‐guest interactions in such complexes have also been studied using 1H‐1H 2D ROESY NMR spectroscopy. Obtained through‐space correlations revealed interactions between certain parts of the pillar[5]arene hosts and the ionic liquid. The complexation between the three pillar[5]arenes and the IL was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The obtained results suggest the insertion of the IL inside the nanocavities of the hosts.
Visible Light‐Induced Cu‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Schiff's Base of 2‐ Amino Benzonitrile Derivatives and Acetophenones
Authors: Kamal Arsala , Singh Himanshu Kumar , Kumar Dhirendra , Maury Suresh Kumar , Kumari Savita , Srivastava Vandana , Singh Sundaram 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn efficient, mild, and environment‐friendly methodology for the synthesis of azomethine chromophores through the reaction of 2‐aminobenzonitrile derivatives and acetophenones has been developed using CuCl (10 mol %) catalyst and toluene as a solvent under visible light irradiation. The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature under 20 W white LED with good to excellent yields in short reaction time. This methodology shows significant advantages such as environmentally benign reaction conditions, sustainability, enumerating tolerance of wide range of functional groups, cost‐effectiveness, high atom economy, short reaction time, and applicability for large‐scale synthesis.
Effect of olive tree leaves and twigs on intake, digestibility, growth performance and blood variables of Shami goats
Authors: Alkhtib Ashraf , Muna Muhannad , Burton Emily , Wamatu Jane , Darag Mohammad , Alkhaled Eyad , Al‐asa’ad Ziad , Almoufachi Hana , Zaeowd Ruba 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effect of replacing wheat straw and a portion of commercial concentrate with olive twigs and leaves treated with urea and molasses on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and blood variables was determined. Forty‐two Shami goat kids (20 ± 2.47 kg live weight and 133 ± 5.44 days of age) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatment groups, control (75% commercial concentrate and 25% wheat straw), OTU (62.3% commercial concentrate + 37.7% olive twigs and leaves treated with 4% urea for 14 days), OTUM (51.5% concentrate mixture + 48.5% olive twigs and leaves treated with 4% urea for 14 days then sprayed by 10% molasses). Cost (SYP/t) of control, OUT and OTUM was 12,600, 10,066 and 10,106 respectively. The study consisted of a growth trial of 100 days and a digestibility trial of 12 days (7 days of adaptation and 5 days of urine and faeces collection). Serum urea, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase activity, aspartate aminotransferase activity, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were determined. Daily dry matter intake, digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and nutrient detergent fibre did not significantly differ among the dietary treatments (p > .05). Nitrogen intake, nitrogen excretion in urine and faeces and nitrogen balance was not significantly affected (p > .05) by the dietary treatment. The dietary treatment did not have any significant effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio or blood variables (p > .05). Olive twigs treated with 4% urea and OTUM replaced 37.7% and 48.5% of conventional diets of growing Shami goat kids without negative effects on growth performance nor health and potentially reduced fattening costs for farmers in olive‐livestock mixed systems by 19.8 and 20%, respectively. OUT is technically simpler than OTUM, thus, it could replace the conventional fattening ration of Shami male goat.
Fault early warning of wind turbine gearbox based on multi‐input support vector regression and improved ant lion optimization
Authors: Yang Yanjun , Liu Aimin , Xin Hongwei , Wang Jianguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGearbox oil temperature is one of the important indicators for gearbox condition monitoring and faults early warning. Accurately predicting the gearbox oil temperature change trend can maintain the gearbox in advance and ensure the safety and reliability of the wind turbine gearbox. The purpose of this article is to analyze the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data in wind turbines. A method based on multi‐input improved ant lion optimization and support vector regression (M‐IALO‐SVR) proposed, which can accurately predict the gearbox oil temperature. The prediction method is compared with back propagation neural network (BPNN) and ALO‐SVR methods to verify the effectiveness of the M‐IALO‐SVR method. To further analyze the prediction results, the 95% confidence interval processing is performed on the residuals of the prediction model, and then the trends of the mean and standard deviation of the moving window residuals are calculated. Testing SCADA data from a wind farm in northeast China, the test results show that when the gearbox is operating normally, the predicted value of the gearbox oil temperature follows the measured value very well. When the gearbox operates abnormally, its temperature deviates from the normal range, and the statistical characteristics of the residuals also change. According to the trend of the residuals statistical characteristics, the abnormal state of the gearbox can be found in time.
Feasibility and effectiveness of multi-injection thoracic paravertebral block via the intrathoracic approach for analgesia after thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy
Authors: Hu Lihong , Xu Xia , Shen Weiyu , He Jinxian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
We observed the feasibility and effectiveness of multi-injection thoracic paravertebral block (TPB) via the intrathoracic approach under thoracoscopic direct vision for analgesia after thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE).

Methods
Sixty patients undergoing TLE were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group. All patients underwent TPB via the intrathoracic approach at the three levels of T2, 5, and 8 with a scalp needle before closing the chest. The patients in the observation group received 10 ml 0.375% ropivacaine at each level, and the patients in the control group received 10 ml of 0.9% saline at each level. A patient-controlled intravenous analgesic (PCIA) pump with sufentanil was attached to all patients after surgery. The sufentanil consumption, number of PCIA presses and use of rescue analgesia in the first 24 h after surgery were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (rest and coughing) were recorded at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. The duration of postoperative hospital stay, active cough rate, first ambulation, and the incidence of adverse reactions after surgery was recorded.

Results
The sufentanil consumption in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (34.7 ± 1.9 µg vs. 52.1 ± 2.1 µg; P < 0.001). The VAS score at each postoperative time point, number of PCIA presses, use of rescue analgesia, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The postoperative active cough rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than those in the control group, and the times of the first ambulation after surgery and postoperative hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Multi-injection TPB via the intrathoracic approach under thoracoscopic direct vision is easy to perform and can effectively alleviate postoperative pain after TLE with fewer adverse reactions and contributing to improved postoperative recovery.
A Complete SMOCkery: Daily Online Testing Did Not Boost College Performance
Authors: Robinson Daniel H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn an article published in an open-access journal, (Pennebaker et al. PLoS One, 8(11), e79774, 2013) reported that an innovative computer-based system that included daily online testing resulted in better student performance in other concurrent courses and a reduction in achievement gaps between lower and upper middle-class students. This article has had high impact, not only in terms of citations, but it also launched a multimillion-dollar university project and numerous synchronous massive online courses (SMOCs). In this study, I present a closer look at the data used in the Pennebaker et al. study. As in many cases of false claims, threats to internal validity were not adequately addressed. Student performance increases in other courses can be explained entirely by selection bias, whereas achievement gap reductions may be explained by differential attrition. It is hoped that the findings reported in this paper will inform future decisions regarding SMOC courses. More importantly, our field needs watchdogs who expose such unsupported extravagant claims—especially those appearing in pay-to-publish journals.
Measurement of k0 values for europium, lutetium and iridium at FRM II with a very well thermalized neutron spectrum
Authors: Li Xiaosong , van Sluijs Robbert , Kennedy Gregory 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe k0 values of 6 non-1/v nuclides (152Eu, 152mEu, 154Eu, 177Lu, 192Ir and 194Ir) were determined using the extended Høgdahl formalism at the research reactor FRM II with very high f values. Standards were irradiated in 4 channels at different local temperatures between 40 °C and 55 °C measured using temperature sensitive irreversible labels. A good agreement with the recommended values was found for 152Eu, 154Eu and 177Lu using the original g(Tn) factors by Gryntakis, however, the k0 values for 152mEu in this work were 7% higher. New k0 values were also determined using the g(Tn) factors by Van Sluijs. Differences up to 6% were found for Eu isotopes compared with the recommended values. The recommended k0 values for 192Ir and 194Ir could be confirmed using g = 1. The theoretical k0 values for 177Lu were calculated using new nuclear data. They are up to 6% less than the recommended values. The present k0 values determined in this work showed a similar trend. The influence of different g(Tn) factors on the determination of the k0 values was investigated.
School Coordinators’ Perceptions of Organizational Readiness Is Associated with Implementation Fidelity in a Smoking Prevention Program: Findings from the X:IT II Study
Authors: Bast Lotus Sofie , Andersen Henriette Bondo , Andersen Anette , Lauemøller Stine Glenstrup , Bonnesen Camilla Thørring , Krølner Rikke Fredenslund 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSchool organizational readiness to implement interventions may play an important role for the actual obtained implementation level, and knowledge about organizational readiness prior to intervention start can help pinpoint how to optimize support to the schools. In this study, we applied a novel heuristic, R = MC2 to assess school organizational readiness prior to implementation of a multicomponent smoking prevention program. Furthermore, we examined the association to actual implementation after the first year of study. We used questionnaire data from school coordinators at 40 schools in Denmark who had accepted to implement the multi-component smoking prevention intervention—X:IT II—in the school year 2017–2018 including three main components: (1) Rules on smoke-free school time, (2) A smoke-free curriculum, and (3) Parental involvement. On behalf of the school, a school coordinator answered a baseline questionnaire about the organizational readiness and a follow-up questionnaire about implementation of the three components after first year of study. Readiness was measured by summing aspects of motivation (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and priority), general capacity (culture, climate, and staff capacity), and innovation-specific capacity (knowledge, skills, and abilities). Based on school coordinators’ perceptions, almost all schools had good general capacity while the other two areas of readiness varied across schools; overall, 56.8% of schools (N = 25) had good motivation for implementing the X:IT II intervention and 61.3% (N = 27) had high innovation-specific capacity. Half of the schools had high overall readiness defined as high motivation and high innovation-specific capacity. Schools with high overall readiness implemented the rules on smoke-free school time, smoke-free curriculum, and parental involvement to a higher degree than schools with low overall readiness. All participating schools possessed sufficient levels of general capacity, e.g., a well-functioning organizational culture and sufficient staff capacity. High levels of motivation and innovation-specific capacity were positively associated with the schools’ actual implementation of the main intervention components. This way of conceptualizing and measuring organizational readiness may be useful in future studies, i.e., in studies where enhancing readiness is a main objective.
Transcriptional signatures of Zika virus infection in astrocytes
Authors: Schouest Blake , Peterson Tiffany A. , Szeltner Dawn M. , Scheef Elizabeth A. , Baddoo Melody , Ungerleider Nathan , Flemington Erik K. , MacLean Andrew G. , Maness Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAstrocytes are an early and important target of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the developing brain, but the impacts of infection on astrocyte function remain controversial. Given that nonhuman primate (NHP) models of ZIKV infection replicate aspects of neurologic disease seen in human infections, we cultured primary astrocytes from the brain tissue of infant rhesus macaques and then infected the cells with Asian or African lineage ZIKV to identify transcriptional patterns associated with infection in these cells. The African lineage virus appeared to have greater infectivity and promote stronger antiviral signaling, but infection by either strain ultimately produced typical virus response patterns. Both viruses induced hypoxic stress, but the Asian lineage strain additionally had an effect on metabolic and lipid biosynthesis pathways. Together, these findings describe an NHP astrocyte model that may be used to assess transcriptional signatures following ZIKV infection.
Improvement of unbound granular pavement layers and subgrade with cement dust in Egypt
Authors: Awed Ahmed M. , Aboelela Abdallah E. , El-Ashwah Ahmed S. , Allam Mofida , El-Badawy Sherif M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main goal of this study is to assess the technical viability of using cement dust as part of the fines percentage in the unbound granular base/subbase pavement layers’ and subgrade soil as a viable sustainable solution. This study investigates the effect of adding cement dust to five types of pavement road materials which are collected from different ongoing roadway construction projects (1) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), (2) crushed stone base aggregates, (3) blend of crushed stone base aggregates with RAP, (4) crushed stone subbase aggregates, and (5) sandy subgrade soil. The resilient modulus (Mr) is selected as the main characteristic for evaluating the investigated materials’ stiffness. The regression parameters (k1, k2, and k3) of the universal Mr prediction model are found by fitting the experimental results of Mr testing for two replicates per each material type. The results show that using 3–5% of cement dust improves the estimated Mr of the investigated base/subbase materials and subgrades at the anticipated field stresses by 8–21%., As a result the structural layer coefficients are enhanced by 11–17%. KENLAYER nonlinear damage analysis confirms that using 3–5% of cement dust improves the predicted rutting life by up to 12% and the fatigue life up to 27%. Based on a typical pavement structure, enhancing pavement base/subbase layers and subgrade soils with 3–5% of cement dust reduces asphalt layer thickness from 11.25 to 12.50% and increases base/subbase layer thickness from 8.75 to 12.50% to maintain the same predicted rutting and fatigue lives of the typical structure. This positively affects the total construction cost in addition to the ecological benefits.
Terminal Sedation: Palliative Care for Intractable Pain, Post Glucksberg and Quill
Authors: McStay Rob 
Published: January 2021

In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court tacitly endorsed terminal sedation as an alternative to physician-assisted suicide, thus intensifying a debate in the legal and medical communities as to the propriety of terminal sedation and setting the stage for a new battleground in the “right to die” controversy. Terminal sedation is the induction of an unconscious state to relieve otherwise intractable distress, and is frequently accompanied by the withdrawal of any life-sustaining intervention, such as hydration and nutrition. This practice is a clinical option of “last resort” when less aggressive palliative care measures have failed. Terminal sedation has also been described as “the compromise in the furor over physician-assisted suicide.”Medical literature suggests that terminal sedation was a palliative care option long before the Supreme Court considered the constitutional implications of physician-assisted suicide. Terminal sedation has been used for three related but distinct purposes: (1) to relieve physical pain; (2) to produce an unconscious state before the withdrawal of artificial life support; and (3) to relieve non-physical suffering.
Fool’s Gold: Psychologists Using Disingenuous Reasoning to Mislead Legislatures into Granting Psychologists Prescriptive Authority
Authors: Pollitt Brent 
Published: January 2021

Mental illness is a serious problem in the United States. Based on “current epidemiological estimates, at least one in five people has a diagnosable mental disorder during the course of a year.” Fortunately, many of these disorders respond positively to psychotropic medications. While psychiatrists write some of the prescriptions for psychotropic medications, primary care physicians write more of them. State legislatures, seeking to expand patient access to pharmacological treatment, granted physician assistants and nurse practitioners prescriptive authority for psychotropic medications. Over the past decade other groups have gained some form of prescriptive authority. Currently, psychologists comprise the primary group seeking prescriptive authority for psychotropic medications.The American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy (“ASAP”), a division of the American Psychological Association (“APA”), spearheads the drive for psychologists to gain prescriptive authority. The American Psychological Association offers five main reasons why legislatures should grant psychologists this privilege: 1) psychologists’ education and clinical training better qualify them to diagnose and treat mental illness in comparison with primary care physicians; 2) the Department of Defense Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project (“PDP”) demonstrated non-physician psychologists can prescribe psychotropic medications safely; 3) the recommended post-doctoral training requirements adequately prepare psychologists to prescribe safely psychotropic medications; 4) this privilege will increase availability of mental healthcare services, especially in rural areas; and 5) this privilege will result in an overall reduction in medical expenses, because patients will visit only one healthcare provider instead of two–one for psychotherapy and one for medication.
Blockade of translationally controlled tumor protein attenuated the aggressiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Kim Mingyo , Choe Yongho , Lee Heewon , Jeon Min-Gyu , Park Jin-Ho , Noh Hae Sook , Cheon Yun-Hong , Park Hee Jin , Park Jaehun , Shin Sung Jae , Lee Kyunglim , Lee Sang-Il 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHistamine releasing factor/translationally controlled tumor protein (HRF/TCTP) stimulates cancer progression and allergic responses, but the role of HRF/TCTP in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains undefined. In this study, we explored the pathogenic significance of HRF/TCTP and evaluated the therapeutic effects of HRF/TCTP blockade in RA. HRF/TCTP transgenic (TG) and knockdown (KD) mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were used to determine the experimental phenotypes of RA. HRF/TCTP levels in the sera of RA patients were measured and compared to those from patients with osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet’s disease, and healthy controls. HRF/TCTP expression was also assessed in the synovium and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) obtained from RA or OA patients. Finally, we assessed the effects of HRF/TCTP and dimerized HRF/TCTP-binding peptide-2 (dTBP2), an HRF/TCTP inhibitor, in RA-FLSs and CIA mice. Our clinical, radiological, histological, and biochemical analyses indicate that inflammatory responses and joint destruction were increased in HRF/TCTP TG mice and decreased in KD mice compared to wild-type littermates. HRF/TCTP levels in the sera, synovial fluid, synovium, and FLSs were higher in patients with RA than in control groups. Serum levels of HRF/TCTP correlated well with RA disease activity. The tumor-like aggressiveness of RA-FLSs was exacerbated by HRF/TCTP stimulation and ameliorated by dTBP2 treatment. dTBP2 exerted protective and therapeutic effects in CIA mice and had no detrimental effects in a murine tuberculosis model. Our results indicate that HRF/TCTP is a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.