bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatological diseases, sexuality and intimate relationships: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Barisone Michela , Bagnasco Annamaria , Hayter Mark , Rossi Silvia , Aleo Giuseppe , Zanini Milko , Catania Gianluca , Pellegrini Ramona , Dasso Nicoletta , Ghirotto Luca , Sasso Loredana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐synthesis of findings from qualitative research about sexuality and intimate relationship among patients with dermatological diseases.BackgroundOver the last few decades, there has been an increase in clinical research investigating aspects related to sex and sexuality in patients living with dermatological diseases. In fact, studies recognise a negative impact on various aspects of intimacy, such as sexual function, self‐esteem and romantic relationships. The body of qualitative literature about sexuality in the context of dermatological diseases is emerging but consists mainly of small studies that would benefit from aggregation, synthesis and interpretation to highlight and summarise the overarching dimensions to this clinical issue.DesignA systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies.MethodsBioMed Central, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched between June–November 2017 with no publication date limits. Screening and selection of studies was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). After retrieval, the qualitative data were subject to meta‐synthesis to identify overarching themes.ResultsTen qualitative studies were found. We identified four themes: (a) Embarrassment and shame; (b) Impaired sense of attractiveness and sexual avoidance; (c) Relationship issues; and (d) Lack of professional support. The patients in these studies adopted negative coping styles, such as avoidance and hiding their bodies.ConclusionWhen assessing and evaluating patient care in dermatology, it is important that sexuality and the impact the disease could have on relationships is included.Relevance to clinical practiceAn important part of nursing care is ensuring that patients are helped to develop positive coping strategies rather than negative ones. Patients with dermatological conditions also need advice and treatment to address any physically related sexual problems. Nurses need to be the initiators of these sensitive conversations to put patients at ease and work together to implement positive measures to reduce the sexuality‐related issues patients face.
Pediatric Posterior Fossa Medulloblastoma: The Role of Diffusion Imaging in Identifying Molecular Groups
Authors: Reddy Nihaal , Ellison David W. , Soares Bruno P. , Carson Kathryn A. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Patay Zoltan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe molecular groups WNT activated (WNT), Sonic hedgehog activated (SHH), group 3, and group 4 are biologically and clinically distinct forms of medulloblastoma. We evaluated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values’ utility in differentiating/predicting medulloblastoma groups at the initial diagnostic imaging evaluation and prior to surgery.METHODSWe retrospectively measured the ADC values of the enhancing, solid portion of the tumor (EST) and of the whole tumor (WT) and performed Kruskal‐Wallis testing to compare the absolute tumor ADC values and cerebellar and thalamic ratios of three medulloblastoma groups (WNT, SHH, and group 3/group 4 combined).RESULTSNinety‐three children (65 males) were included. Fifty‐seven children had group 3/group 4, 27 had SHH, and 9 had WNT medulloblastomas. The median absolute ADC values in the EST and WT were .719 × 10−3 and .864 × 10−3 mm2/s for group 3/group 4; .660 × 10−3 and .965 × 10−3 mm2/s for SHH; and .594 × 10−3 and .728 × 10−3 mm2/s for WNT medulloblastomas (P = .02 and .13). The median ratio of ADC values in the EST or the WT to normal cerebellar tissue was highest for group 3/group 4 and lowest for WNT medulloblastomas (P = .03 and .09), with similar results in pairwise comparisons of the corresponding thalamic ADC values (P = .02 and .06).CONCLUSIONADC analysis of a tumor's contrast‐enhancing solid portion may aid preoperative molecular classification/prediction of pediatric medulloblastomas and may facilitate optimal surgical treatment planning, reducing surgery‐induced morbidity.
Is oral dysaesthesia a somatic symptom disorder?
Authors: Kwong Kenelm Chun Lam , Yeoh Sue‐Ching , Balasubramaniam Ramesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOral dysaesthesia is a condition characterised by persistent alteration to oral sensation, perceived by the patient to be abnormal and unpleasant, in the absence of mucosal pathology. Its aetiology remains uncertain. The condition was attributed as a psychosomatic disease for much of the 20th century, but with newer technologies, recent literature has mostly focused on a possible peripheral or central neuropathic aetiology to oral dysaesthesia. Despite this, psychotropic medications and psychological treatments remain forefront in the armamentarium for the management of oral dysaesthesia. This article aims to review the literature surrounding the pathogenesis of oral dysaesthesia and explore whether oral dysaesthesia is a somatic symptom disorder.
The differential impact of neuropathic, musculoskeletal and neurovascular orofacial pain on psychosocial function
Authors: Smith Jared G. , Karamat Aalia , Melek Lydia N. , Jayakumar Simone , Renton Tara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile the psychosocial morbidity of orofacial pain (OFP) is widely recognized, the differential impact of musculoskeletal, neuropathic and neurovascular symptoms on pain and psychosocial function in individuals with and without coexisting OFP conditions is unclear.Materials and methodsThis was a comparative cross‐sectional study of 350 consecutive patients attending an OFP clinic; 244 completed standardized self‐report measures of pain experience, mood, and generic and oral health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The impact of musculoskeletal, neuropathic and neurovascular symptoms on measures was assessed using linear and logistic generalized linear models.ResultsTwo hundred patients were diagnosed with a neuropathic condition: 125 with musculoskeletal pain and 101 with (neurovascular) headache disorders. 23% of patients presented with multiple OFP conditions; this was more common in patients with neurovascular (62%) than neuropathic (21%) and/or musculoskeletal orofacial symptoms (28%). Patients with neurovascular symptoms experienced significantly higher levels of pain, evidenced less pain self‐efficacy and had poorer overall health. Neuropathic OFP was significantly associated with greater psychological and social oral health disability. Multiple OFP symptoms were not linked to pain severity or psychosocial function, although health scores were worse for patients with neurovascular pain and neuropathic/musculoskeletal symptoms compared with patients with only neurovascular symptoms.ConclusionsThe profile and degree of psychosocial morbidity in patients with OFP is significantly related to the types of presenting orofacial symptoms. Patients with neurovascular pain present with higher pain levels and have poorer health while those with neuropathic pain have higher oral functional morbidity; both may require more complex multidisciplinary management.
Spatial skill concentration agglomeration economies
Authors: Ehrl Philipp , Monasterio Leonardo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing the Brazilian census and administrative panel data, the present paper provides evidence that the spatial concentration of analytical skills generates positive wage externalities for all workers in the local labor market. We rely on shift‐share instrumental variables to overcome the endogeneity of skill concentrations. The observed externality is independent from the classical market size economies. The estimates are robust to geography, institutions and workers' sorting on unobservable abilities.
Stability of nightmare frequency and its relation to neuroticism: A longitudinal study
Authors: Schredl Michael , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModels of nightmare aetiology postulate an interaction between trait and state factors. However, most of the studies that support these models have been cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies are scarce. The present data were obtained from N = 888 participants completing two online dream studies carried out independently with the same online panel 2 years apart. Nightmare frequency declined over the 2‐year period and these changes were related to changes in neuroticism. The effect of current psychopathology (state aspect) on nightmare frequency was significant but much smaller compared to the effect of previously measured nightmare frequency (trait aspect) and, thus, the study provided empirical evidence for diathesis‐stress models. Future longitudinal studies should take a closer look at life events and other factors that increase and/or decrease nightmare frequencies.
Aquinas on Evil and the Will: A response to Mackie
Authors: Rodríguez Facundo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article argues that, without being reducible to a version of the Free Will Defence, Aquinas' theodicy and philosophical theology can offer contemporary versions of the Free Will Defence stronger metaphysical and theological foundations from which a response to Mackie's compatibilistic challenge – probably the most serious challenge against this defence – can be derived. Mackie's challenge to the Free Will Defence is the argument that the possibility of evil is not a necessary condition for the existence of free will, for God – if He existed and was omnipotent, omnibenevolent and omniscient – could have and would have created rational and free agents such that they would always freely choose the good. I claim, following Aquinas' hylomorphic ontology, that the creation of such a will is logically impossible as it would require the creation of a will containing naturally and invariably the formality of the universal and perfect good, and so the creation of a will indistinct from God's, which is by nature uncreated.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout and overexpression studies reveal a role of maize phytochrome C in regulating flowering time and plant height
Authors: Li Quanquan , Wu Guangxia , Zhao Yongping , Wang Baobao , Zhao Binbin , Kong Dexin , Wei Hongbin , Chen Cuixia , Wang Haiyang 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMaize is a major staple crop widely used for food, feedstocks and industrial products. Shade‐avoidance syndrome (SAS), which is triggered when plants sense competition of light from neighbouring vegetation, is detrimental for maize yield production under high‐density planting conditions. Previous studies have shown that the red and far‐red photoreceptor phytochromes are responsible for perceiving the shading signals and triggering SAS in Arabidopsis; however, their roles in maize are less clear. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of ZmPHYC1 and ZmPHYC2 and found that ZmPHYC1, but not ZmPHYC2, is highly expressed in leaves and is regulated by the circadian clock. Both ZmPHYC1 and ZmPHYC2 proteins are localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm under light conditions and both of them can interact with themselves or with ZmPHYBs. Heterologous expression of ZmPHYCs can complement the Arabidopsis phyC‐2 mutant under constant red light conditions and confer an attenuated SAS in Arabidopsis in response to shading. Double knockout mutants of ZmPHYC1 and ZmPHYC2 created using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology display a moderate early‐flowering phenotype under long‐day conditions, whereas ZmPHYC2 overexpression plants exhibit a moderately reduced plant height and ear height. Together, these results provided new insight into the function of ZmPHYCs and guidance for breeding high‐density tolerant maize cultivars.
Notoginsenoside R1 protects boar sperm during liquid storage at 17°C
Authors: Ren Fa , Feng Tianyu , Niu Tongjuan , Yuan Yitian , Liu Qi , Xiao Jinhong , Xu Gaoxiao , Hu Jianhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) damage mammalian sperm during liquid storage. Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) is a compound isolated from the roots of Panax notoginseng; it has powerful ROS‐scavenging activities. This work hypothesized that the antioxidant capacity of NR1 could improve boar sperm quality and fertility during liquid storage. During liquid storage at 17°C, the supplementation of semen extender with NR1 (50 μM) significantly improved sperm motility, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity after 5 days of preservation. NR1 treatment also reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels at day 5 (p <0.05). Higher glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) levels and sperm–zona pellucida binding capacity were observed in the 50 μM NR1 group than those in the control group at day 7 (p <0.05). Importantly, statistical analysis of the fertility of 200 sows indicated that addition of NR1 to the extender improved the fertility parameters of boar spermatozoa during liquid storage at 17°C (p <0.05). These results demonstrate the practical feasibility of using 50 μM NR1 as an antioxidant in boar extender during liquid storage at 17°C, which is beneficial to both spermatozoa quality and fertility.
“Distant Participation” and Youth Political Attitudes: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Wong Stan Hok‐Wui , Wong Mathew Y. H. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveIn this article, we explore the seldom studied concept of “distant participation,” defined as the experience of social movements (such as receiving information from online media) from overseas. Online media may affect people's political attitudes, but how people use online media is also contingent upon their political attitudes.MethodWe take advantage of a natural experiment to deal with this endogenous selection problem. Our treatment group consists of college students who happened to join a short‐term overseas exchange program during the Umbrella Movement, which had an unexpectedly large turnout in Hong Kong. These students had a different mode of participation in the event from their peers physically in Hong Kong. The experience, including intensive exposure to online media, changed their media consumption habits, and hence their political attitudes.ResultsWe find that the treatment group is more likely to report using online media to obtain news. They also have a stronger sense of political efficacy and significantly weaker national identity. We, however, find no significant difference between the treatment and control groups regarding civic and political participation.ConclusionThis study provides a rare contribution to the study of the effect of online media by tackling the problem of selection. The concept of distant participation should also be given more attention given the ease of population flow and technological advancement nowadays.
Validation of an Associative Transcriptomics platform in the polyploid crop species Brassica juncea by dissection of the genetic architecture of agronomic and quality traits
Authors: Harper Andrea L. , He Zhesi , Langer Swen , Havlickova Lenka , Wang Lihong , Fellgett Alison , Gupta Vibha , Kumar Pradhan Akshay , Bancroft Ian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of more productive crops will be key to addressing the challenges that climate change, population growth and diminishing resources pose to global food security. Advanced ‘omics techniques can help to accelerate breeding by facilitating the identification of genetic markers for use in marker‐assisted selection. Here, we present the validation of a new Associative Transcriptomics platform in the important oilseed crop Brassica juncea. To develop this platform, we established a pan‐transcriptome reference for B. juncea, to which we mapped transcriptome data from a diverse panel of B. juncea accessions. From this panel, we identified 355 050 single nucleotide polymorphism variants and quantified the abundance of 93 963 transcripts. Subsequent association analysis of functional genotypes against a number of important agronomic and quality traits revealed a promising candidate gene for seed weight, BjA.TTL, as well as additional markers linked to seed colour and vitamin E content. The establishment of the first full‐scale Associative Transcriptomics platform for B. juncea enables rapid progress to be made towards an understanding of the genetic architecture of trait variation in this important species, and provides an exemplar for other crops.
The zone model: A conceptual model for understanding the microenvironment of chronic wound infection
Authors: Kirketerp‐Møller Klaus , Stewart Philip S. , Bjarnsholt Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2008, two articles in Wound Repair and Regeneration changed the clinical perspective on chronic wounds. They stated that chronic wounds that do not heal contain bacterial biofilms and that these biofilms may be one of the reasons for the nonhealing properties of the wounds. However, we still do not understand the exact role biofilms play in the halted healing process, and we are not able to successfully treat them. The reason for this could be that in vivo biofilms differ substantially from in vitro biofilms, and that most of the knowledge about biofilms originates from in vitro research. In this article, we introduce the zone model as a concept for understanding bacterial behavior and the impact of the microenvironment on both the host and the bacteria. Until now, identification of bacteria, gene expression, and postscript regulation have been looking at a bulk of bacteria and averaging the behavior of all the bacteria. As the zone model dictates that every single bacterium reacts to its own microenvironment, the model may facilitate the planning of future research with improved clinical relevance. The zone model integrates physiology and biology from single cells, microbial aggregates, local host response, surrounding tissue, and the systemic context of the whole host. Understanding the mechanisms behind the actions and reactions by a single bacterium when interacting with other neighboring bacteria cells, other microorganisms, and the host will help us overcome the detrimental effects of bacteria in chronic wounds. Furthermore, we propose use of the terminology “bacterial phenotype” when describing the actions and reactions of bacteria, and the term “biofilms” to describe the morphology of the bacterial community.
Atrase B, a novel metalloprotease with anti‐complement and anti‐coagulant activity, significantly delays discordant cardiac xenograft rejection
Authors: Fu Cheng , Shi Lei , Huang Xia , Feng Hao , Tan Xiaosheng , Chen Song , Zhu Lan , Sun Qianyun , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBoth the complement and the coagulation systems play important roles in the development of hyperacute or acute antibody‐mediated xenograft rejection. Atrase B is a novel metalloproteinase isolated from the venom of Naja atra. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of atrase B on complement activation and coagulation, as well as the effect on xenograft survival in a discordant xenotransplantation model.MethodsThe in vitro anti‐complement activity of atrase B was evaluated using a normal human serum (NHS)‐mediated complement‐dependent cytotoxicity model with an immortalized porcine aortic endothelial cell line (iPEC) as the target. The in vivo inhibitory effects on complement activity and coagulation function were measured in rats after the administration of atrase B. Guinea pig hearts were transplanted heterotopically into Wistar rats with or without atrase B pre‐treatment.ResultsPre‐treatment of the NHS with atrase B inhibited the cell lysis of iPECs in a dose‐dependent manner. FACS analysis showed that atrase B potently suppressed the deposition of C5b‐9, but not C3c and C4c, on iPECs. In vivo, atrase B‐treated rats showed a significant reduction in serum complement activity; markedly prolonged PT, APTT, and TT; and a decreased plasma level of fibrinogen. When compared to PBS treatment evaluated at study endpoint, atrase B treatment significantly delayed xenograft rejection and attenuated pathologic damage, the formation of platelet microthrombi, and the deposition of fibrin and C5b‐9.ConclusionsThe dual activities of anti‐complement and anti‐coagulation make atrase B a potential adjuvant therapeutic drug for use in xenotransplantation.
Brazilian spotted fever: A spatial analysis of human cases and vectors in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Claudia Mello , da Costa Veruska Maia , de Carvalho Jonas Lotufo Brant , Mendes Rodrigo Guerrero , Bastos Paula Andrea de Santis , Katagiri Satie , Amaku Marcos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBrazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a highly lethal disease caused by Rickettsia spp. and is transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. Understanding the epidemiology of BSF in each region can help direct health surveillance actions. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of vectors and the incidence of BSF in the state of São Paulo. Spatial analysis included confirmed BSF cases between 2009 and 2019; occurrences were registered by municipalities of the state. There were 752 confirmed BSF cases, with incidences ranging between 0.01 and 10.37/10,000 inhabitants. Moran's Global Index for BSF was 0.20 (p = .001), which was indicative of spatial dependence. Moran's map located a cluster of 20 high priority municipalities for BSF and showed that Amblyomma sculptum is the vector involved in Rickettsia rickettsii transmission in these locations. Spatial analysis identified clusters formed by 47, 20 and seven significant municipalities for the presence of A. sculptum, Amblyomma aureolatum and Amblyomma ovale vectors, respectively. Surveillance and prevention actions are necessary in areas that are at high risk for BSF and in areas where the presence of vectors was significant.
Conceptual Flutter Analysis of Stepped Labyrinth Seals
Authors: Corral Roque , Vega Almudena , Greco Michele 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A simple nondimensional model to describe the flutter onset of two-fin straight labyrinth seals (Corral and Vega, 2018, “Conceptual Flutter Analysis of Labyrinth Seals Using Analytical Models—Part I: Theoretical Background,” ASME J. Turbomach., 140(10), p. 121006) is extended to stepped seals. The effect of the axial displacement of the seal is analyzed first in isolation. It is shown that this fundamental mode is always stable. In a second step, the combination of axial and torsion displacements is used to determine the damping of modes with arbitrary torsion centers. It is concluded that the classical Abbot's criterion stating that seals supported on the low-pressure side of the seal are stable provided that natural frequency of the mode is greater than the acoustic frequency breaks down under certain conditions. An analytical expression for the nondimensional work-per-cycle is derived and new nondimensional parameters controlling the seal stability identified. It is finally concluded that the stability of stepped seals can be assimilated to that of a straight through seal if the appropriate distance of the torsion center to the seal is chosen.