bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Control Solution for a Tethered Kite Trajectory Tracking With Application to Ship Propulsion
Authors: Cadalen Baptiste , Sabatier Jocelyn , Lanusse Patrick , Griffon Fabien , Parlier Yves 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the field of clean and green energy production systems, airborne wind energy (AWE) systems are really promising technologies. Replacing lightweight tethers with expensive towers, is an innovative solution to get energy from higher altitudes than classical wind turbines. But AWE systems can also be used to produce a traction force through a fast-flying airfoil, or kite. In this paper, the traction force is supposed to be used for ship propulsion. Such an application is permitted if the kite is kept on an appropriate trajectory. This paper thus considers the design of an automatic pilot for trajectory tracking. Its design requires a path-planning and a control strategies that are described here. In terms of control strategy, a robust CRONE controller is designed based on a family of linear models that stands for the nonlinear model of the kite and obtained numerically around several trajectories and for various flight conditions. Efficient trajectories for ship traction being periodic, a method involving tools dedicated to time-varying periodic systems is then used to validate the approach used for CRONE controller design.
Estimating direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Philippines: a protocol
Authors: Ng Junice Yi Siu , Clement Ivan John , Jimeno Cecilia , Sy Rosa Allyn , Mirasol Roberto , De La Pena Pepito , Panelo Araceli , Tan Rima , Santillan Melanie , Bayani Dana , Wiebols Erik 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionDiabetes and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. The prevalence of diabetes in the Philippines has increased from 3.4 million in 2010 to 3.7 million in 2017. The government has formulated strategies to control this increase, for example, through its non-communicable disease prevention and control plan. However, there is scarce research on the financial burden of diabetes. Filling this gap may further help policymakers to make informed decisions while developing and implementing resource planning for relevant interventions. The primary objective of the current study is to estimate the direct medical costs associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods and analysisThis is a 1-year retrospective cohort study of patients with T2DM in 2016. Data will be collected from: (1) hospital databases from public institutions to estimate the cost of diabetes treatment and (2) physician interviews to estimate the cost of management of diabetes in outpatient care. We will perform descriptive and comparative analyses on direct medical costs and healthcare resource utilisation, stratified by the presence of diabetes-associated complications.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics board approval has been obtained from the Department of Health Single Joint Research Ethics Board and Cardinal Santos Medical Center Research Ethics Review Committee. Findings from the study will be reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals and local researcher meetings.
CT diagnosis and management of mesenteric torsion in a dog
Authors: Carbonell Rossello Gabriel , Guillem Gallach Ricardo , Jimenez Pelaez Manuel 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYAn eight‐year‐old, 35 kg, female spayed Doberman Pincher dog was presented with peracute abdominal distention and severe abdominal pain associated with vomiting. Radiographs showed segmental gas and fluid‐distended small intestines and loss of serosal detail. Abdominal ultrasound revealed segmental hypomotile, fluid distended small intestines and high amount of gas in the intestinal lumen. CT showed signs consistent with a segmental mesenteric torsion. Exploratory laparotomy and en bloc enterectomy of the torsioned necrotic segment of the jejunum (50 per cent approximately) was performed. The patient was discharged 1 week after surgery with some sporadic vomiting and diarrhoea, which resolved with medical treatment within a week.
Effects of fentanyl on intraocular pressure and pupil size in medetomidine‐methadone premedicated dogs: a pilot study
Authors: Gomez‐Martinez Maria Isabel , Varela‐Lopez Oscar , Fontalba‐Navas Jose Luis , González‐Cantalapiedra Antonio 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThis is a pilot study to evaluate the effects of fentanyl on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size (PS) in dogs premedicated with medetomidine and methadone.MethodsSixteen dogs with a median (first quartile–third quartile) age of 3.5 (1.25–6) years and a mean (sd) weight of 18.6 (9.2) kg were included. Baseline readings of IOP and PS were recorded before all dogs were premedicated intramuscularly with medetomidine (10 µg/kg) and methadone (0.5 mg/kg). Both measurements were repeated 15 and 30 minutes later. Following this, the dogs were randomly assigned into two groups. The fentanyl group received intravenous fentanyl (10 µg/kg), while the control group received the same volume of saline solution intravenously. IOP and PS measurements were measured and recorded in both groups at one, five and ten minutes after intravenous injection. Data were analysed with one‐way and two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance or their non‐parametric equivalents.ResultsPS was significantly decreased 15 and 30 minutes following intramuscular premedication and IOP was significantly increased in the fentanyl group at all time points following intravenous administration.ConclusionsMedetomidine, methadone and fentanyl combinations are not recommended for use in patients where an increase in IOP or decrease in PS is undesirable.
Geomorphological controls over carbon distribution in permafrost soils: the case of the Narsajuaq river valley, Nunavik (Canada)
Authors: Gagnon Samuel , Allard Michel 
Published: July 2020

Soils in the northern circumpolar region play a central role in the global carbon cycle because the release of carbon through permafrost thaw and geomorphological disturbances can potentially cause a feedback on climate. However, large uncertainties in estimates of permafrost carbon stocks remain, mainly because of wide gaps in the spatial coverage of soil carbon sampling sites and the large mapping polygons used to upscale data. By combining mapping of landforms and knowledge of surficial geology to upscale soil carbon content measurements, we provide an assessment of soil total carbon content in the region of the Narsajuaq river valley (Nunavik, Canada) to generate the first high-resolution soil carbon estimate confirmed by field measurements in Nunavik. We estimate that the Narsajuaq river valley and the surrounding uplands have a weighted average of 3.4 kg C m−2 (0–100 cm), with 73% of the total carbon content stored in the top 30 cm. The results also indicate that the valley is a carbon hotspot in the region, containing 76% of the total carbon content (0–100 cm) of the study area. Although soil carbon estimates will always require field sampling, the geomorphological mapping approach can significantly improve carbon content estimates and provide better inputs for models.
Radiating-collapsing models satisfying Karmarkar condition
Authors: Jaryal Suresh C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a class of exact spherical symmetric solutions of the Einstein equations admitting heat-conducting anisotropic fluid as a collapsing matter. The exterior spacetime is assumed to be the Vaidya metric. This class of solutions is shown to satisfy all the energy conditions throughout the interior of the star, and the luminosity is time independent, radiating uniformly throughout the collapse.
Mapping socioeconomic indicators using social media advertising data
Authors: Fatehkia Masoomali , Tingzon Isabelle , Orden Ardie , Sy Stephanie , Sekara Vedran , Garcia-Herranz Manuel , Weber Ingmar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global consensus on the world’s most pressing challenges. They come with a set of 232 indicators against which countries should regularly monitor their progress, ensuring that everyone is represented in up-to-date data that can be used to make decisions to improve people’s lives. However, existing data sources to measure progress on the SDGs are often outdated or lacking appropriate disaggregation. We evaluate the value that anonymous, publicly accessible advertising data from Facebook can provide in mapping socio-economic development in two low and middle income countries, the Philippines and India. Concretely, we show that audience estimates of how many Facebook users in a given location use particular device types, such as Android vs. iOS devices, or particular connection types, such as 2G vs. 4G, provide strong signals for modeling regional variation in the Wealth Index (WI), derived from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). We further show that, surprisingly, the predictive power of these digital connectivity features is roughly equal at both the high and low ends of the WI spectrum. Finally we show how such data can be used to create gender-disaggregated predictions, but that these predictions only appear plausible in contexts with gender equal Facebook usage, such as the Philippines, but not in contexts with large gender Facebook gaps, such as India.
The Casimir elements of the Racah algebra
Authors: Huang Hau-Wen , Bockting-Conrad Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Let [Formula: see text] denote a field with [Formula: see text]. The Racah algebra [Formula: see text] is the unital associative [Formula: see text]-algebra defined by generators and relations in the following way. The generators are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The relations assert that [Formula: see text] and each of the elements [Formula: see text] is central in [Formula: see text]. Additionally, the element [Formula: see text] is central in [Formula: see text]. We call each element in [Formula: see text] a Casimir element of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the commutative subalgebra of [Formula: see text] generated by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The main results of this paper are as follows. Each of the following distinct elements is a Casimir element of [Formula: see text]: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] The set [Formula: see text] is invariant under a faithful [Formula: see text]-action on [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we show that any Casimir element [Formula: see text] is algebraically independent over [Formula: see text]; if [Formula: see text], then the center of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text].
Applications of Machine Learning Algorithms in Processing Terahertz Spectroscopic Data
Authors: Seo Young Min , Goldsmith Paul F. , Tolls Volker , Shipman Russell , Kulesa Craig , Peters William , Walker Christopher , Melnick Gary 
Published: July 2020

We present the data reduction software and the distribution of Level 1 and Level 2 products of the Stratospheric Terahertz Observatory 2 (STO2). STO2, a balloon-borne Terahertz telescope, surveyed star-forming regions and the Galactic plane and produced approximately 300,000 spectra. The data are largely similar to spectra typically produced by single-dish radio telescopes. However, a fraction of the data contained rapidly varying fringe/baseline features and drift noise, which could not be adequately corrected using conventional data reduction software. To process the entire science data of the STO2 mission, we have adopted a new method to find proper off-source spectra to reduce large amplitude fringes and new algorithms including Asymmetric Least Square (ALS), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). The STO2 data reduction software efficiently reduced the amplitude of fringes from a few hundred to 10[Formula: see text]K and resulted in baselines of amplitude down to a few K. The Level 1 products typically have noise of a few K in [CII] spectra and [Formula: see text]1[Formula: see text]K in [NII] spectra. Using a regridding algorithm, we made spectral maps of star-forming regions and the Galactic plane survey using an algorithm employing a Bessel–Gaussian kernel. The level 1 and level 2 products are available to the astronomical community through the STO2 data server and the DataVerse. The software is also accessible to the public through Github. The detailed addresses are given in Sec. 4 of this paper on data distribution.
Examination of the Dorsal Finger Vein Anatomy Using a Vein Visualization Device
Authors: Tsumura Takuya , Matsumoto Taiichi , Matsushita Mutsumi , Kishimoto Katsuma , Shiode Hayao 
Published: July 2020

Background: The vein anatomy of the dorsal finger is often difficult to identify suitable veins for anastomosis when treating digital amputations, but it has not been well studied to date. The aim of our study was to determine the vein anatomy of the dorsal finger using a vein visualization device. Methods: The study sample consisted of 20 volunteers (11 men and 9 women; 148 fingers and 37 thumbs). The number and location of veins, the distance from the finger midline to the most central vein, and the distance from the central vein to the adjacent vein were examined using a vein visualization device, Stat Vein®, at the eponychial level, distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints. Results: In the finger, the distance from the nail lunula edge to the vein at the eponychial level was about 5 mm and that from the central vein to the adjacent vein at the DIP joints was about 8 mm. In the thumb, the distance from the nail lunula margin to the vein at the eponychial level was about 5 mm and that from the central vein to the adjacent vein at the interphalangeal joints was about 6 mm. Conclusions: Treatment of DIP joint-level finger amputation requires identification of the central vein at first and then the site about 8 mm away from the central vein. In the treatment of eponychial-level finger amputation, the vein is found about 5 mm away from the nail lunula edge.
The Effect of Ring Finger Distal Interphalangeal Joint Stiffness on Grip Strength: A Simulated Study in Normal Participants
Authors: Lambert Robert J. , Yeoman Thomas FM. , Wang Chaoyang , Grant Jaime , Rust Philippa A. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Pain of the hand distal interphalangeal joints may result from trauma, osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis. When symptoms are not controlled by non-operative means, surgical arthrodesis may be performed, resulting in complete stiffness of the joint and possible weakening of grip strength. This study aims to quantify the effect of a stiff ring finger distal interphalangeal joint on overall grip strength.Methods: One hundred participants were screened to exclude upper limb pathology. A Jamar dynamometer was used to assess overall hand grip strength. A splint was used to prevent distal interphalangeal joint flexion, thus replicating a fused distal interphalangeal joint. Participants were tested with and without the splint and the results compared. The mean of three grip strength tests was taken.Results: The participants included 55 females. Mean age was 31 (18–60 years). 76 participants had a reduction in grip strength with splinting, with a significant difference seen (p < 0.05) on Wilcoxon signed rank test. The median reduction in grip strength with splinting was 1.67 kg. However only 10 participants (10%) had a grip strength loss of greater than 6.5 kg, which is the minimal clinically important difference.Conclusions: This study found a significant loss in overall hand grip strength when the ring finger distal interphalangeal joint was stiffened. However, despite this significant change, only 10 (10%) participants experienced a reduction of greater than 6.5 kg. This is the level of weakness felt to be required to reduce function. Thus our results suggest that 90% of patients with a stiff ring finger distal interphalangeal joint are unlikely to have a clinically identifiable functional reduction in grip strength as a result.
Evaluation of Patient-Reported and Clinician-Reported Outcomes of Volar Locking Plate Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Nagura Nana , Naito Kiyohito , Sugiyama Yoichi , Obata Hiroyuki , Goto Kenji , Kaneko Ayaka , Kawakita So , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: July 2020

Background: Postoperative evaluation of wrist joint trauma is divided into patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and clinician-reported outcomes (CROs). We investigated the association of the Q-DASH score as the postoperative PROs and the Mayo wrist score as the postoperative CROs with clinical evaluation in patients with distal radius fractures surgically treated using a volar locking plate (VLP). Moreover, whether PROs and CROs are correlated to the clinical evaluation was investigated.Methods: The subjects were 109 patients surgically treated for distal radius fractures at our hospital between June 2013 and May 2017. Forty-one patients were male, 68 patients were female, and the mean age was 61.4 (19–86) years old. The fracture type was AO classification A type in 30 patients (A2: 25, A3: 5), B type in 5 (B2: 1, B3: 4), and C type in 74 (C1: 50, C2: 11, C3: 13). All patients were surgically treated using VLP. The range of motion of the wrist, grip strength the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Q-DASH score (PROs), and the Mayo wrist score (CROs) were investigated. Each evaluation was compared as the clinical outcome between at 3 months after surgery and the final follow-up. In addition, the correlations of the postoperative PROs and CROs with the clinical evaluation were analyzed.Results: Each evaluation was significantly improved compared with that at 3 months after surgery. There was a significant correlation between PROs and CROs at 3 months after surgery and the final follow-up. However, the range of motion of the wrists was not significantly correlated with PROs or CROs at 3 months after surgery or at the final follow-up.Conclusions: On evaluation after surgery for distal radius fractures, PROs and CROs improved early after surgery (3 months after surgery) before the final follow-up, and an inverse correlation was present between these scores.
Star-Forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
Authors: Förster Schreiber Natascha M. , Wuyts Stijn 
Published: July 2020

Ever deeper and wider look-back surveys have led to a fairly robust outline of the cosmic star-formation history, which culminated around [Formula: see text]; this period is often nicknamed “cosmic noon.” Our knowledge about star-forming galaxies at these epochs has dramatically advanced from increasingly complete population censuses and detailed views of individual galaxies. We highlight some of the key observational insights that influenced our current understanding of galaxy evolution in the equilibrium growth picture: ▪  Scaling relations between galaxy properties are fairly well established among massive galaxies at least out to [Formula: see text], pointing to regulating mechanisms already acting on galaxy growth. ▪  Resolved views reveal that gravitational instabilities and efficient secular processes within the gas- and baryon-rich galaxies at [Formula: see text] play an important role in the early buildup of galactic structure. ▪  Ever more sensitive observations of kinematics at [Formula: see text] are probing the baryon and dark matter budget on galactic scales and the links between star-forming galaxies and their likely descendants. ▪  Toward higher masses, massive bulges, dense cores, and powerful AGNs and AGN-driven outflows are more prevalent and likely play a role in quenching star formation.We outline emerging questions and exciting prospects for the next decade with upcoming instrumentation, including the James Webb Space Telescope and the next generation of extremely large telescopes.
Nut and Peanut Butter Consumption and the Risk of Total Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Lisette , van den Brandt Piet A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Nut intake has been associated with reduced cancer-related mortality, but there is very limited evidence on total cancer risk. We investigated the associations of nut and peanut butter intake with the risk of total cancer and smoking- and alcohol-related cancer subgroups.

Methods:
In the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, 120,852 men and women aged 55 to 69 years provided information on lifestyle and dietary habits at baseline in 1986. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 19,255 total cancer cases and 3,499 subcohort members were included in multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses, using a case–cohort approach.

Results:
No significant associations were found between total nut, tree nut, peanut, and peanut butter intake and total cancer risk in men and women. There were also no significant associations with smoking-(un)related and alcohol-(un)related cancers in both sexes.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that nut and peanut butter intake are not associated with a reduced risk of total cancer in men or women.

Impact:
Nut and peanut butter consumption are not related to the risk of total cancer.
Obese-Inflammatory Phenotypes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sabbah Michael S. , Fayyaz Ahmed U. , de Denus Simon , Felker G. Michael , Borlaug Barry A. , Dasari Surendra , Carter Rickey E. , Redfield Margaret M. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Comorbidity-driven microvascular inflammation is posited as a unifying pathophysiologic mechanism for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Obesity is proinflammatory and common in HFpEF. We hypothesized that unique obesity-inflammation HFpEF phenotypes exist and are associated with differences in clinical features, fibrosis biomarkers, and functional performance.

Methods:
Patients (n=301) from 3 HFpEF clinical trials were studied. Unsupervised machine learning (hierarchical clustering) with obese status and 13 inflammatory biomarkers as input variables was performed. Associations of clusters with HFpEF severity and fibrosis biomarkers (PIIINP [procollagen III N-terminal peptide], CITP [C-telopeptide for type I collagen], IGFBP7 [insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7], and GAL-3 [galectin-3]) were assessed.

Results:

Hierarchical clustering revealed 3 phenotypes: pan-inflammatory (n=129; 64% obese), noninflammatory (n=83; 55% obese), and obese high CRP (C-reactive protein; n=89; 98% obese). The pan-inflammatory phenotype had more comorbidities and heart failure hospitalizations; higher left atrial volume, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), and fibrosis biomarkers; and lower glomerular filtration rate, peak oxygen consumption, 6-minute walk distance, and active hours/day (
P
<0.05 for all). The noninflammatory phenotype had the most favorable values for all measures. The obese high CRP phenotype resembled the noninflammatory phenotype except for isolated elevation of CRP and lower functional performance. Hierarchical cluster assignment was independent of CRP genotype combinations that alter CRP levels and more biologically plausible than other clustering approaches. Multiple traditional analytic techniques confirmed and extended the hierarchical clustering findings.

Conclusions:
Unique obesity-inflammation phenotypes exist in HFpEF and are associated with differences in comorbidity burden, HFpEF severity, and fibrosis. These data support comorbidity-driven microvascular inflammation as a pathophysiologic mechanism for many but not all HFpEF patients.