bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indoor air quality in a preschool
Authors: Telejko Marek 
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment in four local preschools. The natural ventilation system was used in the buildings. Outdoor air was supplied to the premises through a leak in the external walls and air intakes were of maximum efficiency of 30 m3/h. Parameters describing IAQ were measured, such as: temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. Two series of studies were performed in each preschool. On the basis of the survey, it can be clearly stated that the indoor air quality in preschools is considered to be very low very low. All the analyzed parameters describing the quality do not meet the current legal requirements. Reported values of CO2 concentration exceeded three times the value set of the recommended maximum.
The concept of housing estate A, B, and C in the borough of Felin District in Lublin and its implementation. Panel buildings and problems they pose
Authors: Jarocka-Mikrut Aleksandra , Gleń Piotr 
Published: June 2020

This article presents construction-related problems faced in 1990s by a housing estate in Felin District. By presenting various architects whose professional activities focused to some extent on revitalizing panel buildings, the authors of this paper would like to prove that by applying low-budget solutions it is possible to produce such effects that would meet modern society's expectations and demands. The authors focus both on architectural aspects and modern building technologies that can improve the abovementioned problems. Moreover, they pay particular attention to solutions that could be applied in the case of the estate in Felin. By providing examples of premises located in this district, the authors of this article focus not only on modernization opportunities for panel buildings but also on their current condition and problems occurring in such premises. By emphasizing the most serious defect and the lack of social, technical, and aesthetic nature of the structures in question, this paper presents the reality of living in panel buildings. Hence, the authors provide examples of modernization projects that have already been carried out and that are planned to be launched both in Poland and abroad. This aims at presenting both the potential of modern technology and benefits that may accrue from implementing ideas put forward by creative architects.
The role of the technical standard of roads due to traffic safety at nighttime
Authors: Zielinkiewicz Arkadiusz 
Published: June 2020

Accident statistics and previous research directly indicate an increased accident risk during deterioration of natural lighting conditions. This increased risk is mainly determined by so-called “human impact”, connected with perception limitations and recognition of situations by nighttime traffic participants. Proper road infrastructure solutions are essential for improvement of driver’s road vision at nighttime. Planning of such solutions requires proper identification of set of accident risk determinants at nighttime. In this paper the attempt to identify of such determinants was performed and the hypothesis that the technical standard of roads is the main infrastructural determinant influencing accident risk at nighttime was verified. Validity of this assumption results from the fact that lower technical standard accompanies lower requirements regarding limits of geometrical parameters, roadside equipment and access control. Thus, with lower technical standard, problems concerning the influence of infrastructure on road safety should appear, especially during nighttime conditions. On the basis of regression accident estimation models, main infrastructural determinants of higher accident risk at nighttime were identified and some design recommendations were formulated.
Issues of criteria normalization in the multicriteria analyzes in the design of roads
Authors: Żabicki Piotr , Gardziejczyk Władysław 
Published: June 2020

Multicriteria analysis is a method for supporting the decision process in a situation where there are many variants of road alignments analyzed during the preparation of project documentation of motorways, expressways and bypasses. It is based on an appropriate choice of assessment criteria and weights assigned to them. The aim of the multicriteria analysis is choose the most beneficial variant for road alignment from the point of view of transport, environmental, economic and social criteria. The criteria adopted for the multicriteria analysis can be expressed by using measurable or immeasurable parameters. In order to be able to compare and assess the variants, dimensionless quantities must be assigned to the all criteria. The process of replacing a dimension quantity with a dimensionless one is called normalization. Normalization may be performed on the basis of maximizing the variables (stimulants) or to minimize the variables (destimulants). The analyses presented in the article examine the impact of the adopted method of criteria normalization and the weights of the criteria used for the selection of a road variant.
Do we really need opioids in anesthesia?
Authors: Falières Xavier 
Published: June 2020

Since the 1990s, high-income countries have seen an exponential increase in opioid use, misuse, and overdose. This “opioid crisis”, or “opioid epidemic”, began in the USA, spread to Europe, and is now extending to Asia. Today, opioids are still rarely available in many low and middle-income countries. In Pakistan, for instance, the only available opioids are morphine, fentanyl, nalbuphine, and tramadol, and these too are available only in tertiary hospitals. Is there a relationship between opioid exposure during anesthesia and opioid-induced hyperalgesia, hospital readmission, opioid addiction, cancer recurrence, immune system impairment, higher risk of postoperative delirium, and cognitive dysfunction? Signs in the recent literature confirm some of these hypotheses, and reducing opioid use in anesthesia is becoming a necessity. The concept of “opioid-free anesthesia” has emerged over the years in the literature. Is opioid-free anesthesia the solution? Is it a real paradigm shift? Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that stress-induced postoperative pain negatively influences outcome. The use of opioids in the postoperative phase could be necessary, but they have to be titrated and reduced to the minimum needed. Opioid-free postoperative analgesia is a new debate in the literature.
ESTIMATING ECONOMICAL COSTS FOR OPERATING AGRICULTURAL MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT DURING PLOWING OPERATIONS
Authors: & et al. Taha 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in a field of Al-mahmodia Region in Baghdad , 2014 to estimate the costs of operating Massy Ferguson tractor and tillage equipment in a clay loam soil. Three factors studied through the experiment included:- Three linear speeds for tractor were 2.85, 3.77 and 5.83 km/hr. Two types of plows included moldboard and chisel plow and two systems of plowing included one passage and orthogonal passage for each type of plows. The properties which were studied included fuel consumption, oil costs, maintenance and repair costs, labor costs per hectare. The research was done by applying the factorial experiment according to randomized complete block design with four replications and data were analyzed statistically, mean values of each treatment were compared using LSD at the 0.05 level of confidence to test significance. The results showed the following: Using chisel plow in the orthogonal pass led to increase the rate of fuel consumption, oil costs, maintenance and repair costs and labor costs per hectare, while moldboard plow in one passage achieving decrease the fuel consumption, oil costs, maintenance and repair costs and labor costs . Increasing linear speeds of tractor from 2.85 to 3.77 and 5.83 km/hr caused decreasing in fuel consumption, oil costs, maintenance and repair costs and labor costs per hectare. Linear speed of tractor 5.83 km/hr in one passage indicated significant superiority up on 2.85 and 3.77 km/hr. in achieving decrease the rate of fuel consumption for one hectare.
RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS AND PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FOR PLANTS
Authors: & Majeed Ali 
Published: June 2020

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major plant nutrients that directly or indirectly affect all biological processes. It is a key component of energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and membranes. Phosphorus deficiency is considered to be one of the major limitations for crop production particularly in low-input agriculture systems around the world and nearly 80% of applied mineral P may be retained in the soil. Roots provide an interface for P moving from one living system—the soil—into another living system—the plant. Microbial processes in soil are important for the distribution of P between various inorganic and organic P fractions and subsequently for the potential availability of phosphate for plant absorption. These processes are predominantly manifest within the rhizosphere where readily-available C substrates are most abundant. So this review, focus on the contribution of soil microorganisms on the plant P nutrition through their capacity to increase the availability of soil P and its subsequent uptake by plants.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEANUT AS AFFECT BY PLANTING METHOD AND PLANT POPULATION
Authors: & Al-Muger AL-Hilfy 
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field, Dept. of Field Crop , Coll. of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad during the yeans of 2010 and 2011 to study growth and yield of peanut as affected by planting methods and plant population. A factorial arrangement in RCBD design with four replications were used , with two factors, the first one: three planting methods (planting on East, West and Twin rows) and the second factor: four spacing between plants (15, 25, 35 and 45) cm. The results showed that the planting method on east produced highest dry weight (117.51, 100.64) g.plant-1, growth rate (625.10, 532.40) mg.plant-1.day-1 , seed yield per plant (25.16, 32.25)g.plant-1, protein percent (26.01, 26.20)% for both seasons respectively. Moreover planting method on twin row gave highest pod yield (4180, 3842) kg. ha-1, oil percentage (46.00, 46.20)% for both seasons respectively. The highest plant density 15 cm between plants gave highest pods yield (3960 3031 kg.ha-1, seed yield (2328.7, 1761.0) kg. ha-1, oil percentage (46.50, 46.28)% for both seasons, respectively. The lowest plant density 45 cm between plants gave highest dry weight (124.07, 114.07) g.plant-1, growth rate (659.90, 603.50) mg. plant-1.day-1, seed yield per plant (36.05, 31.07)g. plant-1, protein percentage (26.40, 26.20)% for both seasons, respectively. The planting method on twin row with the high plant density 15 cm gave highest seed yield (2894.1, 2542.0) kg.ha-1, while the planting method on west and the low plant density 45 cm gave the lowest seeds yield (1051.3, 912.0) kg.ha-1 for both seasons, respectively.
KINETICS OF PHOSPHORUS RELEASE FROM ADDED ROCK PHOSPHATE WITH SOME ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON CALCAREOUS SOIL.
Authors: Naser K.M. 
Published: June 2020

Laboratory experiment was conducted using silty clay loam soil collected from Agriculture fields in Abu Ghraib to study the release of phosphorus from rock phosphate (10.22 P%) on a soil treated with three types of organic fertilizers namely; peat moss , sheep manure , poultry manure and control treatment (soil only). Ten grams of air dried soil mixed with 100 mg of ground rock phosphate and organic fertilizers added at 2.5% level (w:w) were incubated at a laboratory temperature (298 K ) after adding water up to two-thirds of the field capacity for 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Citric acide soluble available phosphorous was estimated after each incubation periods and kinetic equations used to test its release from treated samples. The additions of chicken manure was the highest in the amount of dissolved phosphorus values followed by sheep manure, peat moss, rock phosphate and control treatment, reaching levels of citric acide extractable phosphorus to 4.2 , 3.8, 3.3, 3.1 and 2.5 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively. The results also showed superiority of first order equation in the description of phosphorus release from rock phosphate with release rate coefficient of 3.801 , 3.865 , 4.328 and 4.366 mg P kg -1 soil h-1 for the treatments: soil and rock phosphate only , peat moss, sheep waste and chicken manure, respectively.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH DRIED DILL POWDER (ANETHUM GRANVEOLENS L.) IN DIET ON SOME BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILED CHICKENS
Authors: Ali H. A. M. 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation different levels of dried dill powder with diet on some physiological characteristics of broiler chickens. 336 chicks, day-old 46 gm weight /chick. Birds were randomly distributed into four treatment groups with three replicates per treatment (28 bird/replicate).Treatments were as follow:T1: control group (without any addition) T2, T3 and T4 adding dried dill powder at levels 0.4 ,0.6, 0.8% respectively. Experiment lasted five weeks, which at the end measurements of protein, glucose, albumin, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in blood serum were done. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in protein and HDL levels in blood serum of dill treatments compared to control group. While ,albumin and triglycerides levels were not affected by supplementing the dried dill powder, whereas a significant decrease (p<0.05) in levels of serum glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL in T2, T3 and T4. It can be concluded from this study that supplementation of dried dill powder to broiler diets led to an improvement of lipoprotein blood serum characteristics.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION METHODS ON WATER CONTENT DISTRIBUTION, WATER AND CORN PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Masood T. K. 
Published: June 2020

Field experiment was carried out during spring seasons of 2015 in AL-Rasheed township southern of Baghdad, Iraq to study the effects of irrigation methods on water content distribution, water use efficiency and yield of corn. Four surface irrigation treatments were used: 100% conventional basin (control), 70% of control treatment basin irrigation, Conventional furrow and shallow furrow. Water content distribution results showed that shallow furrow irrigation decreased moisture content to 14.7, 18.3 % for 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth respectively, compared to conventional basin irrigation. The result showed that treatments of conventional furrow, shallow furrow and 70% basin irrigation reduced the depth of added water in rate of 33, 28 and 30%, respectively comperd to control treatment (884mm season-1). Conventional furrow irrigation significantly increased corn grain yield to all treatments except conventional basin. In the mean while, other treatment did not differ from the conventional irrigation method. Water use efficiency of conventional furrow irrigation was significantly higher than all other treatments with 80% increment than others. Thus the 70% basin irrigation and shallow furrow irrigation is more productive yield when compared with traditional irrigation.
USING OF REMOTE SENSING FOR MONITORING GEOMORPHOLOGICAL TEOMPRAL CHANGES FOR TIGRIS RIVER IN BAGHDAD CITY
Authors: & et al. Muhaimeed 
Published: June 2020

Tigris River was chosen as astudy area in Baghdad province to study the geomorphological temporal changes due to the effect of erosion and deposition by remote sensing .Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index (NDSSI) was calculated by data of Landsat 7 and 8 for +ETM and OLI ,respectively , between 1989 and 2014. Ten sites were selected within five regions represent all geomorphologic forms in the study area starting from Altajee to Alga’ara site located between the longitude 44° 19´ 50.512" E, 33° 23´ 24.754" N and 44° 32´ 07.762" E , 33° 09´ 21.432" N, with distance of 59945 m. The results indicated that there is a difference in the activity of geomorphologic processes associated with the movement of the Tigris River in Baghdad province, particularly sculpture and sedimentation processes. It was easy to find the existence of activity of sedimentation, especially in some curves that have helped to reduce the movement factor of the carrier sediments speed, and the results showed a significant contrast in the sedimentary material area between the selected sites during the study period in the year 2014 than it was in 1989. The results indicated there is an inverse relationship between the sediment guide values and deposits outstanding.
THE USE OF MIXED BIOSOLIDS COMPOST AND SOIL AS AGIRICULTURAL MEDIA FOR PEPPER PRODUCTION
Authors: AL-Janabi A. S. H. 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in two phases included, production of high quality composts from Bio solids, and the enrichment of this compost through mixing the waste with buffalo, poultry and sewage sludge at ratios of 1: 3 of each and 1: 1: 1: 2 one of them the decomposition and curing process was completed during 14 weeks. Chemical, physical and biological characteristics of mature compost as well as its elemental component and its suitability as agriculture media were determined. The results showed that Coliform bacteria and Salmonella and Shigella did not appear at the end of maturation. Total fungi count continued to increase to end of maturation when temperature fell to 30 °C. The second phase of the study included, a biological experiment of pepper at plastic house.The experiment included 24 treatment representing six cultural mediums , mixing with soil and fertilizers application. The results of biological experiment revealed that the use of organic media and their mixing with soil or chemical fertilization, led to a significant increase in plant height number of branches per plant, dry matter weight, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant leaves, as well as the increase of early and total yield of pepper fruit compared with the soil alone.Mixing of municipal waste with poultry manure at 1:3 was the best among other mixtures. The use of mixed media with the soil at ratio1: 1 on the basis of size with half of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizer gave the best results in vegetative parameters and fruits yield compared with the use of organic media alone or using the recommended does of chemical fertilizer alone.
EFFECT OF BENZYL ADENINE AND SALICYLIC ACID ON GROWTH AND TOTAL ALKALOIDS PRODUCTION OF WETHINIA (Withania somnifera L.) In Vitro
Authors: & Majeed Hamood 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory, College of Education For Pure Science, Diyala Uinversity in 2014-2015,to investigate the influences of Benzyl adenine and Salicylic acid on growth and total alkaloids production for Wethinia plant )Withania somnifera L (.in vitro .Four concentrations of Benzyl Adenine)BA (0.0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.l-1, which were represented with A0 ،A1 ، A2 and A3 were used respectively، and also four concentrations of Salicylic acid (SA( 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg.l-1 which were represented with B0, B1,B2 and B3 respectively, with the interaction between of Benzyl adenine and Salicylic acid,these are concentrations added to culture media(MS) in multiplication stages. Seeds were soaked with gibberellic acid 500 mg.L-1 for 18 h at room temperature.Benzyl adenine at 1 mg.L-1 significantly increased shoots number 4.22, and Chlrophyll content 34.07 SPAD Unit ,there was no significant differences at 2 mg.L-1 in leaves number12.05 ,11.32, fresh and dry weight of vegetative parts 1.42, 1.40g, and 0.134, 0.128 g, also the addition of SA at 10 mg.L-1 led to increased in number of shoots 3.45, number of leaves 14.05, dry weight of vegetative parts 0.140 g ,and fresh weight of root system 0.06 g, there was no significant differences at 20 mg.L-1 in Chlrophyll content 33.77, 35.47 SPAD Unit, fresh weight of vegetative parts,1.47, 1.40g, number of roots 18.00,20.10, and percentage of rooting 7.89% ,8.51%. Interaction between of Benzyl adenine and Salicylic acid (A1B1) showed a significant superiority in all studed vegetative characters, there was no significant differences with (A2B1) in leaves number15.30, 14.80 leaf, fresh weight of vegetative parts1.61,1.59 g, dry weight of vegetative parts 0.160 ,0.160 g, A0B1 treat ment which rooted and acclimated gave 0.105 mg.g-1 total alkaloids.Benzyl adenine at 2 mg.l-1 increased total alkaloids 0.091 mg.g-1, Salicylic acid at 10 mg.l-1 increased total alkaloids0.091 mg.g-1,also Interaction of treatments A2B1 and A1B1 show a significant superiority of total alkaloids 0.101, 0.100 mg.g-1as compared with A0B0 which gave lowest content 0.029 mg.g-1.
RESPONSE GREEN BEANS TO SPRAY SOME MICRONUTRIENTS AND ADITION ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Authors: & Al-JUMAIL Al-DULAIMI 
Published: June 2020

This experiment carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during seasons, spring and autumn 2015. Used in agriculture seeds of hybrid primal, one of the short Cultivars. the aim of the experiment study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add organic nutrient in the vegetative growth and plant yield of green beans. The experiment was designed as an experiment factorial 3 * 4 and three blocks according to the experimental design RCBD includes every block 12 treatments resulting from interaction spray four treatments (0, 0.5 Zn ml. L-1water, 2g Fe.L-1 water and Fe + Zn) and add three levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 3) kg ha-1, after melted in a calculated amount of water and insert into the slot around the plants per experimental unit. The results showed the superiority of the treatment of M4 (Fe + Zn) and also the treatment of H2 (3kg ha Humic) in the studied traits As for coefficients interaction has excelled M4H2 by giving altitude plant higher amounted 59.56 and 53.57cm, the number of branches 5.18 and 4.45 branch. Plant-1, leaf area 67.07 and 54.88dm2 plant-1, the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves were 238 and 248mg. 100g-1 fresh weight, dry weight of vegetative growth were 63.73 and 54.48g. plant-1, the percentage of flour set were 62.00 and 66.67%, one Plant yield 176.70 and 133.99g.Plant-1 for two seasons, spring and autumn every traits sequentially.
NUMERICAL RESPONSE AND EFFICIENCY OF CONVERSION OF INGESTED FOOD OF PREDATOR Dicrodiplosis manihoti Harris, (DIPTERA : CECIDOMYIIDAE) FOR EGGS DENSITIES OF MEALY BUG Planococcus citri (Risso),(HEMIPTERA :PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) .
Authors: & Al-Shammari Al-Zubaidy 
Published: June 2020

The results of numerical response showed to increasing rates of egg production for the predator female with prey density increases, noting of a positive correlation between the number of eggs lying by the female predator and prey density, Being 7, 13.1, 17 and 30 eggs/female during her life when making egg densities of prey 10, 20, 40 and 60 eggs/day during the period of development of Larval ages respectively. Statistical analysis results have pointed to the moral differences between those rates at 0.05 probability level. Food conversion efficiency was marked by ECI also increases with increasing density of prey . Food conversion efficiency to eggs by female predator increased in high densities of prey compared with low densities as well as reduced food efficiency with increasing density of prey where when lying densities and decreased when high densities prey. It also shortened the duration of phases three predator when prey density increases amounting to (2.74, 3.37, 9.15) and(1.62, 4.32, 5.04), (1.86, 2.82, 4.07) and (1.16 , 2.89, 3.42) consecutive days so that the total duration of Larval stage 15.26, 10.98, 8.75 and 7.47 days respectively with high significance deference. As well as high rates of predation 80, 74.24, 96.52 and 116.91 egg respectively and moral difference in egg consumption rates between larval stages as well as during the period of Larval stages at probability 0.05. survival rates also increased for the larval, pupal and adults stages when the density of the prey increased with high significance difference.