bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of in‐session exposure in Fear‐Avoidance treatment of chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ryum Truls , Hartmann Helge , Borchgrevink Petter , de Ridder Karin , Stiles Tore C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment based on the Fear‐Avoidance (FA) model has been found to be effective with chronic low back pain (CLBP), and in‐vivo exposure of fear evoking movements is proposed as a key change mechanism. Exposure tasks may be conducted in the session (in‐session exposure; ISE), in other real‐life situations (between sessions exposure) as part of homework assignments, or both. Utilising a randomized, controlled dismantling study design, the aim of this study was to examine the unique effects of ISE in FA‐treatment of CLBP.MethodsPatients (N = 90) with CLBP as primary medical complaints were randomized to receive six sessions of either (a) FA‐treatment with ISE (FA‐ISE) or (b) FA‐treatment without ISE (FA), allowing for between sessions exposure in both treatment groups. Patients were assessed with a large battery of outcome measures at four time‐points (pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, after a booster‐session and at 1‐year follow‐up) including pain intensity, pain catastrophising, self‐efficacy, physical performance and quality of life.ResultsBoth treatment groups (FA‐ISE, FA) demonstrated statistically significant improvements on primary and most secondary outcomes, with mostly non‐significant between‐group differences.ConclusionsNo added benefit was found for the inclusion of ISE of feared movements in FA‐treatment for CLBP, delivered in a group format to participants with moderately elevated levels of fear‐avoidance beliefs. Clinical trials: NCT01158339.SignificanceThis study adds to the existing research literature demonstrating FA‐treatment to be effective with CLBP, but further experimental studies are needed in order to examine under what circumstances ISE of feared movements may add to positive treatment outcomes.
Physiologic osteoclasts are not sufficient to induce skeletal pain in mice
Authors: de Clauser Larissa , Santana‐Varela Sonia , Wood John N , Sikandar Shafaq 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreased bone resorption is driven by augmented osteoclast activity in pathological states of the bone, including osteoporosis, fracture and metastatic bone cancer. Pain is a frequent co‐morbidity in bone pathologies and adequate pain management is necessary for symptomatic relief. Bone cancer is associated with severe skeletal pain and dysregulated bone remodelling, while increased osteoclast activity and bone pain are also observed in osteoporosis and during fracture repair. However, the effects of altered osteoclast activity and bone resorption on nociceptive processing of bone afferents remain unclear.MethodsThis study investigates whether physiologic osteoclasts and resulting changes in bone resorption can induce skeletal pain. We first assessed correlation between changes in bone microarchitecture (through µCT) and skeletal pain using standardized behavioural phenotyping assays in a mouse model of metastatic bone cancer. We then investigated whether increased activity of physiologic osteoclasts, and the associated bone resorption, is sufficient to induce skeletal pain using mouse models of localized and widespread bone resorption following administration of exogenous receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL).ResultsOur data demonstrates that mice with bone cancer exhibit progressive pain behaviours that correlate with increased bone resorption at the tumour site. Systemic RANKL injections enhance osteoclast activity and associated bone resorption, without producing any changes in motor function or pain behaviours at both early and late timepoints.ConclusionThese findings suggest that activation of homeostatic osteoclasts alone is not sufficient to induce skeletal pain in mice.Significance statementThe role of osteoclasts in peripheral sensitization of sensory neurones is not fully understood. This study reports on the direct link between oestrogen‐independent osteoclast activation and skeletal pain. Administration of exogenous receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) increases bone resorption, but does not produce pro‐nociceptive changes in behavioural pain thresholds. Our data demonstrates that physiologic osteoclasts are not essential for skeletal pain behaviours.
Surface and Electrochemical Characterization of a New Layered GC/Betaine/Pt Electrode and Investigation on its Performance as a Sensor for two B Complex Vitamins, B1 and B6: Preliminary Results
Authors: Contursi M. , Coviello D. , Ciriello R. , Guerrieri A. , Palmieri M. A. , Langerame F. , Bianco G. , Salvi A. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical preparation of a novel composite glassy carbon/betaine/platinum (GC/BT/Pt) electrode with meso‐ nano Pt globules dispersed on the outer surface and betaine, as intermediate layer, electrodeposited on GC by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) or Pulsed Potential (PP) techniques, is presented. Surface analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the strategic role of grafted betaine in modulating GC/BT‐ interaction sites and the range of potentials for adequate platinum CV electrodeposition. The GC/BT/Pt performance, concerning sensitivity, linearity, work potentials and repeatability tests with Flow Injection Analysis (FIA), was ascertained for the detection of vitamins B1 and B6.
Low‐cost automated capillary electrophoresis instrument assembled from commercially available parts
Authors: Furter Jasmine S. , Boillat Marc‐Aurèle , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA CE instrument that can be assembled from commercially available components with minimal construction effort is described. Except for the electronic control circuitry no specially made parts are required. It is based on a flexible design of microfluidic, electropneumatic, and electronic sections and different configurations can easily be implemented. Automated injection into the capillary is performed hydrodynamically by the application of a pressure for a controlled length of time. The performance of the device was tested with a contactless conductivity detector by separating different metal ions. In addition, nine metal cations related to the quality of honey were separated in 2.3 min and four honey samples were analysed quantitatively to demonstrate the applicability of the method.
Immediate and partial neural dysfunction after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Need for recognition, laryngeal exam, and early treatment
Authors: Dhillon Vaninder K. , Randolph Gregory W. , Stack Brendan C. , Lindeman Brenessa , Bloom Gary , Sinclair Catherine F. , Woodson Gayle , Brooks Jennifer A. , Childs Lesley F. , Esfandiari Nazanene H. , Evangelista Lisa , Guardiani Elizabeth , Quintanilla‐Dieck Lourdes , Naunheim Matthew R. , Shindo Maisie , Singer Michael , Tolley Neil , Angelos Peter , Kupfer Robbi , Banuchi Victoria , Liddy Whitney , Tufano Ralph P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaryngeal dysfunction after thyroid and parathyroid surgery requires early recognition and a standardized approach for patients that present with voice, swallowing, and breathing issues. The Endocrine Committee of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) convened a panel to define the terms “immediate vocal fold paralysis” and “partial neural dysfunction” and to provide clinical consensus statements based on review of the literature, integrated with expert opinion of the group.MethodsA multidisciplinary expert panel constructed the manuscript and recommendations for laryngeal dysfunction after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. A meta‐analysis was performed using the literature and published guidelines. Consensus was achieved using polling and a modified Delphi approach.ResultsTwenty‐two panelists achieved consensus on five statements regarding the role of early identification and standardization of evaluation for patients with “immediate vocal fold paralysis” and “partial neural dysfunction” after thyroid and parathyroid surgery.ConclusionAfter endorsement by the AHNS Endocrine Section and Quality of Care Committee, it received final approval from the AHNS Council.
Clinicopathological and prognostic features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents: A retrospective study of 196 cases in South China
Authors: Zhang Jijun , Luo Xiaoya , Huang Qitao , Huang Yuhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) occurring in children and adolescence is extremely rare and till present there is a lack of understanding on their clinicopathological and prognostic features of this rare entity. For our study, data of 196 cases children and adolescents with NPC from the past 18 years at a high‐volume cancer center from South China were retrospectively analyzed. Half of the evaluated NPC patients (83/166, 50.0%) were staged as Stage IVa disease, whereas 1.2% (2/166), 27.7% (46/166), 16.9% (28/166) and 4.2% (7/166) had Stage II, III, IVb and IVc disease, respectively. Serum EBV EA‐IgA ≥1:10 and VCA‐IgA ≥1:40 were found in 67.7% (113/167) and 76.6% (128/167) of the evaluated patients, respectively, whereas 56.8% (84/148) of the patients had plasma EBV DNA ≥1000 copies/mL. Histologically, all tumors were classified as nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NK‐SCC). Immunohistochemistrically, the expression of CK (AE1/AE3), P63, CK5/6 and P40 were observed in 100% (88/88), 93.2% (68/73), 84.1% (58/69) and 63.2% (12/19) of the detected cases, respectively. All cases show similar immunophenotype compared to that occurring in adult patients. All evaluated cases (71/71 100%) harbored EBER. Patients with plasma EBV DNA ≥1000 copies/mL and positive serum EBV antibodies had significantly inferior 3‐year OS (88% vs 100%, P = .007) compared to other corresponding groups. The combination of EBV serology and plasma EBV DNA are useful to predict the outcome of patients with NPC in children and adolescents.
Population estimates, consequences, and risk factors of obesity among pregnant and postpartum women in India: Results from a national survey and policy recommendations
Authors: Chopra Mansi , Kaur Naman , Singh Konsam Dinachandra , Maria Jacob Chandni , Divakar Hema , Babu Giridhara R. , Hong Nguyen Phuong , Bhanot Arti , Sabharwal Manisha , Deb Sila , Baswal Dinesh , Louise Killeen Sarah , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Hanson Mark A. , Sethi Vani 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of maternal obesity; and provide evidence on current policies and programs to manage maternal obesity in India.MethodsThis is a mixed‐methods study. We analyzed the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)‐4 data (2015–16) to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of obesity, followed by a desk review of literature and stakeholder mapping with interviews to develop policy guidance.ResultsNational prevalence of obesity (defined by WHO as body mass index ≥25) was comparable among pregnant (12%) and postpartum women (13%) ≥20 years of age. A high prevalence of obesity (>40%) was observed in over 30 districts in multiple states. Older maternal age, urban residence, increasing wealth quintile, and secondary education were associated with increased odds of obesity among pregnant and postpartum women; higher education increased odds among postpartum women only (OR 1.90; 95% CI, 1.44–2.52). Dietary variables were not associated with obesity. Several implementation challenges across healthcare system blocks were observed at policy level.ConclusionOverall prevalence of obesity in India during and after pregnancy is high, with huge variation across districts. Policy and programs must be state‐specific focusing on prevention, screening, and management of obesity among pregnant and postpartum women.
Synthesis, antimicrobial screening, and docking study of new 2‐(2‐ethylpyridin‐4‐yl)‐4‐methyl‐N‐phenylthiazole‐5‐carboxamide derivatives
Authors: Kasare Sanghratna L. , Gund Pornima N. , Sathe Bhaurao P. , Patil Pravin S. , Rehman Naziya N. M. A. , Dixit Prashant P. , Choudhari Prafulla B. , Haval Kishan P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of new 2‐(2‐ethylpyridin‐4‐yl)‐4‐methyl‐N‐phenylthiazole‐5‐carboxamide derivatives (5a‐l) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities. Among the screened compounds, 5b, 5d, 5e, 5f, and 5j have shown promising antimicrobial activities against both bacterial and fungal pathogens. A molecular docking study was conducted to know the probable mode of action of synthesized derivatives for antimicrobial activity. The active compounds have shown excellent binding affinity toward DNA gyrase and lumazine synthase enzymes. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized thiazole‐carboxamide derivatives were calculated. It has displayed the potential to be a reasonable oral bioavailability drug as determined by Lipinski's rule.
Hydroclimatic variability in Santiago (Chile) since the 16th century
Authors: Serrano‐Notivoli Roberto , Tejedor Ernesto , Sarricolea Pablo , Meseguer‐Ruiz Oliver , Vuille Mathias , Fuentealba Magdalena , de Luis Martín 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe long‐term hydroclimatic variability in Santiago (Chile) was analysed by means of a new 481‐year (1536–2016 CE) tree‐ring reconstruction of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) of August, integrating the hydroclimatic conditions during the preceding 14 months. Results show a high frequency of extreme drought events in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, while the frequency of extreme wet events was higher in the 17th–18th centuries. The mid‐20th century represents a breaking point for the hydroclimatic history in the region, including some significant changes: (a) the interannual variability increased; (b) the wet events became less intense; (c) the extreme dry events became more frequent; and (d) the most intense dry event of the entire period was identified, coinciding with the so‐called Megadrought (2006–2016). A correlation analysis between the reconstructed SPEI and three climate indices (PDO, SOI and Niño3.4) was performed at monthly scale, considering different multi‐annual aggregations. The analysis shows diverse impacts on the hydroclimatic variability, with positive correlations between SPEI and PDO as well as Niño3.4, and negative correlations between SPEI and SOI. The most significant correlations were, overall, found at multi‐annual time scales (>7 years). Results help to better understand the current hydroclimatic changes (Megadrought) in a long‐term context.
Advanced glycation end products cause RAGE‐dependent annulus fibrosus collagen disruption and loss identified using in situ second harmonic generation imaging in mice intervertebral disk in vivo and in organ culture models
Authors: Hoy Robert C. , D'Erminio Danielle N. , Krishnamoorthy Divya , Natelson Devorah M. , Laudier Damien M. , Illien‐Jünger Svenja , Iatridis James C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAging and diabetes are associated with increased low‐back pain and intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration yet causal mechanisms remain uncertain. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accumulate in IVDs from aging and are implicated in diabetes‐related disorders, alter collagen and induce proinflammatory conditions. A need exists for methods that assess IVD collagen quality and degradation in order to better characterize specific structural changes in IVDs due to AGE accumulation and to identify roles for the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). We used multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG), collagen‐hybridizing peptide (CHP), and image analysis methods to characterize effects of AGEs and RAGE on collagen quality and quantity in IVD annulus fibrosus (AF). First, we used SHG imaging on thin sections with an in vivo dietary mouse model and determined that high‐AGE (H‐AGE) diets increased AF fibril disruption and collagen degradation resulting in decreased total collagen content, suggesting an early degenerative cascade. Next, we used in situ SHG imaging with an ex vivo IVD organ culture model of AGE challenge on wild type and RAGE‐knockout (RAGE‐KO) mice and determined that early degenerative changes to collagen quality and degradation were RAGE dependent. We conclude that AGE accumulation leads to RAGE‐dependent collagen disruption in the AF and can initiate molecular and tissue level collagen disruption. Furthermore, SHG and CHP analyzes were sensitive to collagenous alterations at multiple hierarchical levels due to AGE and may be useful in identifying additional contributors to collagen damage in IVD degeneration processes.
The role of photomineralization for CO2 emissions in boreal lakes along a gradient of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Allesson Lina , Koehler Birgit , Thrane Jan‐Erik , Andersen Tom , Hessen Dag O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany boreal lakes are experiencing an increase in concentrations of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM)—a process commonly labeled “browning.” Browning affects microbial and photochemical mineralization of DOM, and causes increased light attenuation and hence reduced photosynthesis. Consequently, browning regulates lake heterotrophy and net CO2‐efflux to the atmosphere. Climate and environmental change makes ecological forecasting and global carbon cycle modeling increasingly important. A proper understanding of the magnitude and relative contribution from CO2‐generating processes for lakes ranging in dissolve organic carbon (DOC) concentrations is therefore crucial for constraining models and forecasts. Here, we aim to study the relative contribution of photomineralization to total CO2 production in 70 Scandinavian lakes along an ecosystem gradient of DOC concentration. We combined spectral data from the lakes with regression estimates between optical parameters and wavelength specific photochemical reactivity to estimate rates of photochemical DOC mineralization. Further, we estimated total in‐lake CO2‐production and efflux from lake chemical and physical data. Photochemical mineralization corresponded on average to 9% ± 1% of the total CO2‐evasion, with the highest contribution in clear lakes. The calculated relative contribution of photochemical mineralization to total in‐lake CO2‐production was about 3% ± 0.2% in all lakes. Although lakes differed substantially in color, depth‐integrated photomineralization estimates were similar in all lakes, regardless of DOC concentrations. DOC concentrations were positively related to CO2‐efflux and total in‐lake CO2‐production but negatively related to primary production. We conclude that enhanced rates of photochemical mineralization will be a minor contributor to increased heterotrophy under increased browning.
Focusing nonlinear Hartree equation with inverse‐square potential
Authors: Chen Yu , Lu Jing , Meng Fanfei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the scattering theory of the radial solution to focusing energy‐subcritical Hartree equation with inverse‐square potential in the energy space using the method from [4]. The main difficulties are due to the fact that the equation is not space‐translation invariant and that the nonlinearity is non‐local. Using the radial Sobolev embedding and a virial‐Morawetz type estimate we can exclude the concentration of mass near the origin. Besides, we can overcome the weak dispersive estimate when , using the dispersive estimate established by [23].
Treatment of secondary scrotal and lower extremity lymphedema using combined pedicled lymph node transfer and lymphaticovenous anastomosis: A case report
Authors: Abdelfattah Usama , Elbanoby Tarek , Ayad Wael , Elshamy Mahmoud , Allam Eatmad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCombined secondary scrotal and lower extremity lymphedema is an infrequent complication of radical excision of urogenital cancers associated with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Scrotal lymphedema is usually psychologically distressing, and difficult to treat. We report a case of a 41‐years old male who presented with scrotal and left lower extremity lymphedema after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy successfully treated with pedicled superficial inguinal lymph node (SILN) transfer and lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) restoring the lymphatic drainage. The flap consisted of subscarpal adipofascial tissue between the level of the inguinal ligament and the groin crease measuring 11 × 7 cm. The flap composed of afferent lymphatics from the lower abdomen, lymph nodes, and fatty tissue without skin, the right‐sided flap was transposed to the root of scrotum while the left one to the proximal left thigh, then two‐level LVA were performed in the left extremity. The surgery went uneventful with no postoperative complications. At a 9 month follow‐up, there was a significant reduction of the scrotal volume with a reduction of excess volume of the lower extremity from 49.6 to 9.4% compared with the healthy side. No cellulitis was reported during the follow‐up period with improvement in the patient's clinical symptoms and quality of life. We believe that pedicled superficial inguinal lymph node flap together with LVA is a reliable and safe treatment option for either scrotal or lower extremity lymphedema following pelvic cancer treatment.
A thread‐block‐wise computational framework for large‐scale hierarchical continuum‐discrete modeling of granular media
Authors: Zhao Shiwei , Zhao Jidong , Liang Weijian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article presents a novel, scalable parallel computing framework for large‐scale and multiscale simulations of granular media. Key to the new framework is an innovative thread‐block‐wise representative volume element (RVE) parallelism, inspired by the resemblance between a typical multiscale computational hierarchy and the hierarchical thread structure of graphics processing units (GPUs). To solve a hierarchical multiscale problem, all computation in an RVE is assigned a single block of threads so that the RVE runs entirely on a GPU to avoid frequent data exchange with the host CPU. The thread blocks can meanwhile run in an asynchronization mode, which implicitly guarantees the independence of inter‐RVE computation as featured by the hierarchical multiscale structure. The parallel computing algorithms are formulated and implemented in an in‐house code, GoDEM, involving the GPU‐specific techniques such as coalesced access, shared memory utilization, and unified memory implementation. Benchmark and performance tests are conducted against an open‐source CPU‐based DEM code under three typical loading conditions. The performance of GoDEM is examined with varying thread‐block size and register pressure of the GPU, and RVE number. It reveals that increasing GPU occupancy by decreasing register pressure results in a significant degradation rather than improvement in performance. We further demonstrate that the proposed GPU parallelism framework may achieve a saturated speedup of approximately 350 compared with the single‐CPU‐core code. As a demonstration on its application for multiscale modeling of granular media, the material point method is coupled with the new framework powered DEM to simulate a typical engineering‐scale problem involving tens of millions of total particles having to be handled. It demonstrates that a speedup of approximately 91 can be achieved by using the proposed framework, compared with the performance of a similar CPU program running on a cluster node of 44 parallel threads. The study offers a viable future solution to large‐scale and multiscale modeling of granular media.