bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Reliable ACK (ERACK) Scheme for Detecting Misbehaving Nodes in MANETs
Authors: Chandra Mouly D K L V , Subba Rao Dr. Ch D V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), the process of sending end-to-end acknowledgement (ACK) for each packet by the destination, causes unnecessary overhead. This paper proposes an Enhanced Reliable ACK (ERACK) scheme for detecting misbehaving attacks in MANET. Initially, reliable multiple paths are established by measuring the path reliability. For defending the data transferred from the dispatcher, one-way hash chain based Message Authentication Code (MAC) is utilised. If the packet loss count is above a threshold, then Secure ACK (S-ACK) mode is activated which identifies the misbehaving node. The source then generates a Misbehavior Report Authentication (MRA) message which is transmitted to the destination using the path with next higher reliability. By experimental results it is shown that the ERACK method decreases the packet loss and delay while ensuring the successful delivery of MRA to the destination.
Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network to Enhance Network Security by Detecting Clone Nodes
Authors: TapasBapu B. R. , Nagaraju V. , Ramesh M. , Rajesh Kanna S. K. , Sailaja P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For replica identification and clone detection a centralized system is proposed in this research, where the network has been separated into inspection node and segments. A clone node can be identified by checking the inspection nodes ID along with the Network security (Cryptographic) key. Detection of clone node done using Chord algorithm, where each and every node in the network have assigned with a unique keygenerated at random. Before the data transmission, it has been given with its key and the assigned keys have been verified for the cloned keys already assigned for some other nodes in the network by the witness node. Also the neighbor node ID and it locations have to be listed to those nodes. In this scheme, Energy-Efficient Clustering Protocol (EECP) has been used to implement different energy saving methods.
A Unified Automated Segmentation Technique for the Left Ventricle Segmentation in Cardiac MRI
Authors: Sivakumar K. , Lavanya S. , Himanandini Karna , Keerthana V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Though the technology updated for every minute of time to aid all kinds of problems facing in every day practical life, the technique requires amelioration to solve or support specific kinds of problems like early identification of cardiovascular disease. For the past decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major reason for death. Cardiac MRI is useful for acquiring the anatomical data of the alive heart for the clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. F rom the LV Segmentation on cardiac MRI, the important parameters estimated to diagnose are ejection fraction, left ventricle myocardium mass, stroke volume, etc. Hence segmenting the LV automatically plays a significant role in helping the physician to test cardiac functions quickly since manual segmentation is a time-consuming work. This Automatic Segmentation also eliminates manual errors during evaluation. Therefore, to discuss the problem we propose enhanced techniques that is a unified method to segment the left ventricle automatically from the cardiac MRI image. The algorithm demonstrated in this work is to combine existing segmentations in an efficient way to give even more efficient and accurate results. two performance evaluation techniques namely APD and DICE to quantify the result. Outcomes obtained are then compared with recent segmentation methods to show the efficiency of the unified segmentation technique.
A Comprehensive Study on Shunt Active Power Filters for Grid – Tied wind systems
Authors: Keerthi N. , Pandian A. , Dhanasekaran R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The term power quality (PQ) has got major attention at the distribution side and consumer side in the recent years. Continuous rise of power electronic devices in grid-tied applications, uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) and motor drive applications etc, simplifies the control technology, and makes the system robust and flexible. But, these devices inject the current harmonics into the line which pollutes the electrical system. In addition, it draws more reactive power and creates the unbalance in the system. Initially, passive filtering techniques (inductors and capacitors) were used to lessen the PQ problems. Because of the lacking of the quality performance, the passive filter methods have been replaced with advanced power electronic topologies. Researchers, constantly investigates for better and cost effective solutions to improve system PQ. Shunt active power filter (SAPF) is one of the better solutions for enhancing the power quality by compensating the harmonic currents and other reactive power problems in the grid-tied system. In this paper, the basic structure of SAPF is briefly discussed along with the detailed control system functionalities. This paper provides a concise assessment on SAPF classifications, topologies and comparisons of single-phase, three-phase three-wire (3P3W) and four-wire (3P4W) systems. The features of all the configurations are provided along with their complications, so as to identify the better topology for specific application. The merits and demerits of these configurations are also discussed briefly.
Cobal -A Novel Design of CNN Basedgait Feature Extraction Using Bat-Elm for Human Tracking System
Authors: Harish Ratnala Venkata Siva , Rajesh Kumar P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human gait recognition is one of the promising non-invasive biometric traits. Owing to its uniqueness, effectiveness and possession of rich discriminative features even in low resolution data, it is considered among the popular choicefor authentication purposes. The sensitivity of the model is the challenging attribute in gait recognition. Also, it is difficult to discriminate the view angle and motion of human gait in varying illumination conditions. Addressing these issues, a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) adapted evolutionary Bat Optimized Extreme Learning Machine approach is proposed. This hybrid structure works in two folds, such that the novel spatiotemporal features including spatial and morphological features are extracted by the CNN structure. The output of the CNN is incorporated in to the Bat optimized learning scheme as a single feed forward loop to attain classification of gait movements for recognition. Extensive experiments shows reduced error rate, increasing the rate of recognition than most of the existing hybrid algorithms.
An Efficient Number Plate Detection System Based on Indian Traffic Rules
Authors: Maheswari M. , Saranya A. , Aruna S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the invent of automobile and advances in the world of machinery, there is a notable increase in the number of vehicles, two wheelers and three wheelers in the road transport. With the raise in the number of vehicles there is a lot of traffic violations that is happening in the road system. Based on the Indian traffic road system, monitoring the violation of such a incident is a huge task and also a tedious system. But however steps are taken to monitor the traffic breach that happens in the road transport through License Plate Detection mechanism for the vehicles that involves in over speeding or violating the rules. License plate location is a very important concept in vehicle license plate recognition for intelligent transport systems. Number plates can have different shapes and sizes along with different colors. The most common vehicle number plate in India have the background color as yellow or white with the font color black. Identification of number plate for vehicles in India has been discussed in this paper and the numbers have been segmented to identify them specifically. Our focus here is on two main steps: first is to find the number plate and second the segmentation of the number to identify them specifically. The main objective of this paper is to efficiently design and implement a method for License Plate Recognition (LPR) of Indian License Plates. We have manually acquired the images of various vehicles. Here for the detection point, we have used COCO-API RCNN and K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR.
A review on the measures and techniques adapted for the detection of driver drowsiness
Authors: Femilda Josephin J S , Lakshmi C , Joseph James S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Driver drowsiness is one of the recent reasons behind accidents that can cause serious death, injury, and economic loss. Driving for long hours, sleepiness, medication, sleep disorders, and health conditions can cause drowsiness in a driver. It is of social concern since many lives including the passengers, drivers and wayfarers are at high risk due to drowsy driving. Detection of drowsiness and alarming the drivers can prevent a large number of accidents and thus the precious life can be saved. Input parameters like heart rate, pulse rate, vehicle steering movement, lane change, head movement, yawning, eye-closure can help to detect the drowsiness in advance. In the past, much research has been carried out to design an efficient driver drowsiness detection system using various measures to determine the drowsiness of the driver. In this paper firstly, we have reviewed the measures attempted by many researchers which are grouped under physiological, vehicle-based, and behavioral-based measures. Secondly, a detailed review of the deep learning approaches used is carried out along with the accuracy level achieved by each author. This detailed review will give a better insight for the young researchers to carry out prospective research in the specific field.
A Precise Study on Solving the Multi Server Queuing Model through Lpp By Using Python Program
Authors: Vijay Prasad S , Donthi Ranadheer , Challa Mahesh Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Queuing systems focuses on waiting lines, the typical examples are, at ticket booking counters, super bazaars and at bank services, at public transport places etc. many people are waiting to receive the services. To reduce these waiting lines, a largernumber of servers are required. Increasing the number of servers means it is expenditure to the service provider, so the waiting linesand the number of servers must be optimized. In order to getting theoptimal solution, the perception of Linear Programming problem plays a significant role. In this article, the alternative techniques are used to solve the multi-server queuing model, for that the total expected cost of the multi-server queuing model problem translated in to linear programing problem subjected to the constraints and solved the linear programing problem with Python program and obtained the required number of servers and estimated number of customers in the system. And also evaluated the mean arrival rate and the mean service rate of the multi-serverqueuing system.
Chemical Reaction, Thermal Stratification Effects on MHD Flow Over A Vertical Stretching Surface With Heat Source
Authors: Venkateshwarlu CH. , Pasupula Maddileti , Thadakamalla Dr. Srinivasulu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Abtract. In this study, the fluid with which is viscous and incompressible are studying nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow using transfer of mass and heat specifications. Considering flow as electrical conducting and has Boussinesq in nature. While considering the chemical reactions and heat stratification investigation carried out on a vertically stretching surface where magnetic field occurs transverse to the flow direction. To solve the flow problem, governing equations in numerical methods considered. Using similarity transformations, non-linear PDEs converted into non-linear ODE. Numerical solution is obtained using values of dimensionless specifications in MATLAB bvp4c package. Results show the existence of magnetic fields, chemical reactions and thermal stratification effects flow field which is presented through graphs.
Trust framework for online products and services using grain level comparison: A solution to boot-strapping problem
Authors: Talib M N , Akhtar M , Jhanjhi NZ , Suseendran G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Service-oriented architecture has changed the way that web applications are designed. Today users are more inclined towards online products and services to save time, energy, and cost. However existing frameworks for online purchasing have certain drawbacks and one of the foremost is ‘trust’. Hence the struggle is to build such a system trust that offers commendations to the customer for the products and services even with inadequate resources; consequently building customer’s trust upon the vender as well as the system. Current systems available only utilize trust by providing product features and comparison using the rating system. However, a problem occurs when a “Bootstrapping issue” is raised, i.e., if a new company emerges in the market then the existing system cannot generate a trust rating for it; the same goes for the new product. Such a problem can cause an uncertain situation for the customer to; a) whether go for the existing product or b) the new product of a new company. In this article, we propose a system trust using a novel framework, which can solve the problem of bootstrapping using a ‘grain level approach’. By providing a high level of granularity, the details of the product’s specs and features will be much in-depth, which will offer the customer an enhanced platform to examine and compare the product amongst several other similar products and ultimately coming to a decision to purchase it by trusting it. As a result, the decision-making power of the customers will be strengthened and the system’s trust will be extended.
Investigation on the Appropriateness of Ceramic Waste Materials at Hawassa Ceramics Factory as Partial Replacement of Conventional Aggregate in Concrete Making
Authors: Tadesse Henok Tsegaye 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Conservation of natural assets and environment is the core of any development. Nowadays, the waste material disposal is the major problem for the development of any technology and industry. As a researcher found that the constructive waste materials are appropriate for the production of concrete, this brings down the cost of concrete and protected disposal of waste materials can be easily achieved. In ceramic industry factories around 30% to 50% of production goes as waste material, which is not recycled. So in this research paper, a laboratory investigation has been conducted to evaluate the suitability of ceramic waste material at Hawassa Ceramics Factory at Hawassa as the major partial replacement of conventional aggregates in concrete making. In the laboratory, both fine and course aggregates are partially replaced by the ceramic scrap. In the case of fine aggregate substitution, 50% of the fine aggregate was replaced, and in the case of coarse aggregate substitution, 33.3% of the course aggregate was replaced. Totally, there were 6 concrete cubes samples casted for both type of aggregate and laboratory test for compressive strength conducted after a curing period of 3 and 7 days. The effectiveness of the partial replacement of both fine and course aggregates of ceramic waste by 50% and 30% discussed in the research study.
Process parameter optimization on EN8 steel in Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Technique
Authors: Ganapathy S , Palanivendhan M , Balasubramanian P , Suresh M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electric discharge machining (EDM) is widely used in the manufacturing sector due to its exceptional machining attributes and high fastidiousness, which could not be accomplished via other conventional machining. The research work aims at analyzing the optimal machining parameter and to reduce the machining time by varies in an increase material removal rate (MRR) and productivity and low tool wear rate (TWR). The parameters of Peak current, Pulse on time, Di-Electric Pressure and Tool diameter are varied. The usage of variance analysis (ANOVA) optimized parameters are determined by way of doing diverse dry runs the usage of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach and the mistake percent can be mounted and parameter contribution for MRR and TWR have been also observed.
Effect of various parameters on the performance of vortex tube cooling system
Authors: Vignesh S , Ramamoorthi R , Aravindkumar N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Conventional vapour compression systems prove to be expensive for continual, specialized usage and require maintenance as there are several moving parts. A vortex tube cooling system has no moving parts and operates as a small cooling machine by separating the compressed gas into two different streams namely cold and hot streams. The thermal performance of the system was studied as function of a geometrical parameter i.e. L/D ratio of the vortex chamber, under various inlet pressure conditions. The study was oriented towards obtaining the maximum possible temperature drop across the system. Experiments were carried out by varying the L/D ratio and an inference was drawn on the cold fraction. Results proved that the length to diameter ratio plays an important role in the performance of the vortex tube cooling system.
Fabrication of Paper Cutting Machine Using Eye Mark Sensor
Authors: Arunkumar P M , Priyadharsini S , Akesh R , Dharun M , Gokul M , Gokul Pradeep K S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper cutting machine using eye-mark sensor is used to cut the papers in equal and accurate dimensions. The main principle of this method is used to reduce the human power and time consumption by eliminating the wastage of the raw materials. Eye-mark sensor is used to sense the colour present on the paper and make the machine to cut on the place where the paper is marked. It has a transmitter and the receiver which the sends the light signal through transmitter and it senses the colour. The sensed signal is received through the receiver. When the signal is received the roller motor is stopped and the cutter motor is started. The cutter motor completes its rotation and again the paper roll is feed. This system can be applicable for paper cutting industry and it is a low cost solution which increases the production process.
Effect of textures on machining of carbon steel under dry cutting condition
Authors: Rajesh Ruban S , Jayaseelan P , Suresh M , RatnaKandavalli Sumanth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effect of cutting performance was investigated using uncoated plain andtextured tungsten carbide tools in dry machining of carbon steel. Texture namely straight line,zigzag and plus profiles was created on flank face of the uncoated tungsten carbide tool. This textured tool was designed and fabricated by Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ND-YAG laser machine. Also it was evident with scanning electron microscopy analysis. In further design of experiment was carried by taguchi method by using L9 orthogonal array for varying cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut to perform the machining experiment. The cutting force,surface roughness and cutting temperature were measured in which it depicts that microscale textured tools improves the machining characteristics to a greater extent when compared with untextured tool. It can be effective in all manufacturing industries provide an eco friendly environment since no coolant is required due to which it becomes pollution free.
Thermal analysis of pentagonal profiled friction stir welding tool using Ansys
Authors: Jayaseelan P , Rajesh Ruban S , Suresh M , Gowtham NS , Saravanan P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In friction stir welding process heat generation in the welding zone is most common due to the friction in between the tool and the weldment. When the heat concentration in the weld zone, then the flow of heat through the tool as well as in the weldment. It is requisite to dissipate the heat in order to weld continuously and to increase the weld distance. It is up to the tool design and tool profiles. By doing the thermal simulation in the tool, the tool temperature distribution and compare the number of tools with respect to temperature and able to finalize the tool which has maximum heat dissipation. In this work, 3 tools are designed in total with a pentagon pin profile with different volumes. Which is modeled in solid works software and converted into the Ansys file, then the material properties to be selected, each tool has different materials. Then it gives the corresponding mesh size and boundary conditions such as Temperature, Convection, etc. The tool has been mesh and found out the solution for all tools. As a result, it is found that tool number 1 has a maximum heat dissipation.
Design and fabrication of Speed Bump for Energy Generation
Authors: Palanivendhan M , Logeshwaran S , Naresh G , Ankush K , Sidhaant A , Shivam S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of the most widely used forms of energy across the globe. Fossil fuels pollute the environment. Nuclear energy requires careful handling of both raw as well as waste material. Therefore, the focus now is shifting more and more towards the renewable sources of energy, which are essential and non-polluting. Energy conservation and conversion are the cheapest new sources of energy. This work includes how to utilize the energy which is wasted when the vehicles passes over a speed breaker. Lots of energy is generated when vehicle passes over it. We can tap the energy generated and produce power by using the speed breaker as power generating unit and installing a rack and pinion mechanism. The vertical force of the moving vehicles will cause the action of rack and pinion mechanism. Then, using a set of gear the produced will be transferred to the generator and power will be generated with its rotation. The energy we save during the day light can be used in the night time for lighting street lights. Such a set-up can be placed independently across city lanes, or along tolls on highways and other inter-city roads, or coupled with speed breakers anywhere in the world. The electricity generated from such a machine can be used to light up street lights, traffic signals etc. In case of busy streets and densely populated areas, it can also be used store energy or charge automobile batteries etc.
Designing a controller for vehicle platooning
Authors: Palanivendhan M , Chandradass J , Naresh G , Bohra V , Kishan Seshu , Raicha Bhagyesh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is an active research in the field of Vehicle following so as to reduce the traffic and increase the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. When the traffic is compared with the previous decade’s traffic the rate has been increased exponentially. This increases the time travel for the passengers and it tends to decrease the fuel efficiency of the vehicle and also wastage of the fuel, hence platooning is used to improve the conditions mentioned above. One way to eliminate the error and the delay is by using a controller. The use of controllers has been common these days for better optimization of the vehicle and its performance. The controller can be used in various parts such as brakes, steering, engine, etc., and one such controller is used in Platooning. The cruise control is used between two vehicles but platooning is used for n number of vehicles. This work is based on the design and simulation of a controller for vehicle platooning. It used the safe distance rule along with the constant time headway policy to eliminate the errors. The performance of Platooning is smoother, which includes faster and better transient time which results in faster traffic flow and better fuel efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of Vehicle platooning. The conditions for vehicle platooning are the vehicle moves longitudinally and the test is performed on the herd of vehicle moving in straight line as well as no vehicle lefts or joins the rally.