bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of Chest CT and Initial Real-Time RT-PCR in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Kostakoglu Ugur , Kant Aydın , Atalar Serhat , Ertunç Barış , Erensoy Şükrü , Dalmanoğlu Enes , Yılmaz İsmail , Sevimli Belgin Kilic , Ertürk Ayşe , Yılmaz Gürdal 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the rtRT-PCR test and CT in patients presenting with typical clinical symptoms of COVID-19.
Methods: The study with the participation of four center in Turkey was performed retrospectively from 20 March-15 April 2020 in 203 patients confirmed for COVID-19. The initial rtRT-PCR test was positive in 142 (70.0%) of the patients (Group-I) and negative in 61 patients (Group-II).
Results: The mean age of the patients in Group-I was 49.7±18.0 years and the time between the onset of symptoms and admission to the hospital was 3.6±2.0 days; whereas the same values for the patients in Group-II were 58.1±19.9 and 5.3±4.2, respectively (p=0.004; p=0.026). Initial rtRT-PCR was found positive with 83.5% sensitivity and 74.1% PPV in patients with symptom duration of less than five days. It was found that rtRT-PCR positivity correlated negatively with the presence of CT findings, age, comorbidity, shortness of breath, and symptom duration, while rtRT-PCR positivity correlated positively with headache. Presence of CT findings was positively correlated with age, comorbidity, shortness of breath, fever, and the symptom duration.
Conclusions: It should be noted that a negative result in the rtRT-PCR test does not rule out the possibility of COVID-19 diagnosis in patients whose symptom duration is longer than five days, who are elderly with comorbidities and in particular who present with fever and shortness of breath. In these patients, typical CT findings are diagnostic for COVID-19. A normal chest CT is no reason to loosen up measures of isolation in patients with newly beginning symptoms until the results are obtained from the PCR test.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2956
How to cite this:Kostakoglu U, Kant A, Atalar S, Ertunc B, Erensoy S, Dalmanoglu E, et al. Diagnostic value of Chest CT and Initial Real-Time RT-PCR in COVID-19 Infection. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):-234-238. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.2956
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Assessment of knowledge of junior doctors and non-specialists about musculoskeletal medicine
Authors: Saif Saba , Fida Samina , Mansoor Hala 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To assess the knowledge and confidence of junior doctors and non-specialists in examining and making a diagnosis of patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases.
Methods: This was a Cross-sectional study of 121 doctors working in medical clinics at a tertiary hospital between October and December 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Doctor’s awareness regarding different MSK examination methods including gait, arms, leg, spine (GALS), pediatric gait, arms, leg, spine (pGALS) and regional examination of musculoskeletal system (REMS) was noted. Undergraduate teaching of these methods and use in their daily practice was surveyed.
Results: Majority of the doctors lacked awareness about different MSK examination techniques. Awareness about GALS, REMS and pGALS was 44.6%, 59.5% and 18.2% respectively. There was significant correlation of GALS/REMS awareness with the undergraduate teaching and doctor’s clinical experience (p-value <0.05). Confidence level of doctors in diagnosing patients with adult MSK pathologies was 55%. Only few doctors were satisfied with their musculoskeletal education (29%).
Conclusion: The GALS examination is a useful screening tool for junior doctors and non-specialists in a direct access setting to rule out musculoskeletal problems.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3148
How to cite this:Saif S, Fida S, Mansoor H. Assessment of knowledge of junior doctors and non-specialists about musculoskeletal medicine. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):175-179. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3148
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
What are the prognostic factors affecting 30-day mortality in geriatric patients with respiratory failure in the Intensive Care Unit?
Authors: Cirik Mustafa Özgür , Yenibertiz Derya 
Published: December 2020

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prognostic factors related to 30 day mortality of elderly patients with respiratory failure in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods: We performed a single centre, retrospective study and analyzed the main variables and outcomes of 238 geriatric patients admitted to an ICU with ARF between December 2017- January 2019 in Chest Disease Hospital, were included and classified as survivors and nonsurvivors. Main characteristics, laboratory datas, severity and nutrition scores were evaluated and logistic regression analysis were used.
Results: The nonsurvivor group included 110 cases (40% female,) with a median age of 79, had higher scores in the followings; Acute Physiology Chronic Health Evaluation II score (APACHE-II) (p < 0.001), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (p < 0.001), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (p < 0.001). The inotropic support requirement was also higher in the nonsurvivor group (48,2%). As a comorbidity, malignancy and Type-I respiratory failure were higher in the nonsurvivor group (p=0.03, p < 0.001). The overall 30-day mortality was 46%. Blood urea nitrogen, procalsitonin, C-reactive protein and creatinine levels were higher in the nonsurvivor group (p < 0.001). However, albumin (p < 0.001), BMI (p=0.03) and longer hospital stay (p < 0.001) were higher in the survivor group. Inotropic support, APACHE-II score and CCI were independently related to increased mortality risk, whereas albumin was associated with decreased mortality risk.
Conclusion: High APACHE II score, low CCI, low albumin levels and the requirement for inotropic support were found to be independently risk factors of 30-day mortality in the geriatric patients with respiratory failure in ICU.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3189
How to cite this:Cirik MO, Yenibertiz D. What are the prognostic factors affecting 30-day mortality in geriatric patients with respiratory failure in the Intensive Care Unit? Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):15-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3189
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comments on Effects of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization in the management of internal shoulder impingement syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chughtai Roma Rauf , Rathore Farooq Azam 
Published: December 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3880
How to cite this: Chughtai RR, Rathore FA. Comments on Effects of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization in the management of internal shoulder impingement syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):296-297. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3880
Determinants of in-hospital death in patients with a thrombus straddling a patent foramen ovale: protocol of a systematic review
Authors: Jiménez-Ruiz Amado , Shah Palak , Gibson Andrew , Vargas-González Juan Camilo , Sposato Luciano A. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Thrombi identified on echocardiography at the time of straddling a patent foramen ovale (PFO) constitute a medical emergency with an associated imminent risk of death. Ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI) occurring in patients with a thrombus straddling a PFO (TSPFO) may be associated with increased risk of in-hospital death. Variables associated with increased risk of death in women and men may be different. We will perform a systematic review of case reports and cases series of patients with a TSPFO to assess if IS and MI are associated with increased risk of in-hospital death and we will further stratify analyses by sex. Methods: This systematic review will include all case reports and case series of adult patients (18-year-old or older) with echocardiographic or pathological (e.g. at autopsy for older reports) evidence of a TSPFO published between inception and June 30, 2020, in any language. We will search in PubMed and Embase databases. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, retrieve full texts, and extract the data in a predesigned form. We will apply a multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the association of IS and MI with in-hospital mortality. We will stratify analyses by sex. Discussion: IS and MI in patients with TSPFO could potentially be associated with worse outcomes if they are not timely identified or left untreated. Both acute IS and MI require specific treatment (e.g. thrombolysis, primary coronary intervention, or mechanical thrombectomy) that may be influenced by the therapy instituted for the TSPFO. Knowing the incidence of acute IS and MI among patients diagnosed with TSPFO and whether they are associated with an increased risk of death would help to improve the management of this medical emergency. Protocol registration: CRD42020216118, PROSPERO.
A simple adeno-associated virus-based approach for the generation of cardiac genetic models in rats
Authors: Schlesinger-Laufer Michal , Douvdevany Guy , Haimovich-Caspi Lilac , Zohar Yaniv , Shofty Rona , Kehat Izhak 
Published: December 2020

Background: Heart failure is a major health problem and progress in this field relies on better understanding of the mechanisms and development of novel therapeutics using animal models. The rat may be preferable to the mouse as a cardiovascular disease model due to its closer physiology to humans and due to its large size that facilitates surgical and monitoring procedures. However, unlike the mouse, genetic manipulation of the rat genome is challenging. Methods: Here we developed a simple, refined, and robust cardiac-specific rat transgenic model based on an adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9 containing a cardiac troponin T promoter. This model uses a single intraperitoneal injection of AAV and does not require special expertise or equipment. Results: We characterize the AAV dose required to achieve a high cardiac specific level of expression of a transgene in the rat heart using a single intraperitoneal injection to neonates. We show that at this AAV dose GFP expression does not result in hypertrophy, a change in cardiac function or other evidence for toxicity. Conclusions: The model shown here allows easy and fast transgenic based disease modeling of cardiovascular disease in the rat heart, and can also potentially be expanded to deliver Cas9 and gRNAs or to deliver small hairpin (sh)RNAs to also achieve gene knockouts and knockdown in the rat heart.
Mulher de favela: interseccionalidades e territorialidades
Authors: Nunes Nilza Rogéria De Andrade 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre quem são e o que fazem as mulheres publicamente reconhecidas por sua atuação social e política nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo assume o ponto de vista histórico de que esta mulher de favela que se expressa e se manifesta como ativista social vem se construindo, principalmente, a partir da década de 1990. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o estudo parte de um mapeamento utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas com 100 mulheres de diversas favelas, todas identificadas e reconhecidas como lideranças comunitárias. Os resultados apontam que a partir das evidências e sinergias reconhecemos o crescente protagonismo feminino nos territórios segregados socioespacialmente. Esse se dá a partir de sua atuação enquanto sujeito político coletivo, que age no enfrentamento cotidiano das iniquidades que acometem os espaços populares e na afirmação de uma sociedade democrática e participativa. Palavras-Chave: mulher; feminização do poder; favela.
A trabalhadora no Brasil Mulher: análise das capas do 8 de março
Authors: Costa Larissa Shayanna Ferreira , Costa Verônica Soares da 
Published: December 2020

O Brasil Mulher é um jornal feminista que surgiu em 1975, no bojo da resistência à ditadura militar. Posicionado à esquerda, se propõe a dialogar com mulheres da classe trabalhadora, na perspectiva de fortalecer a auto-organização e ampliar a consciência feminista. A pergunta central deste trabalho passa por como o jornal se apresenta a esse público e, na tentativa de sugerir respostas, faz-se uma análise das capas de duas edições que abordam o 8 de março, Dia Internacional das Mulheres. Mobilizando o método de análises de textos verbo-visuais sistematizado por Gonzalo Abril, as textualidades das capas são analisadas a partir das categorias de visualidade, mirada e imagem. Conclui-se que as capas selecionadas conformam textos verbo-visuais que representam um perfil da mulher trabalhadora brasileira que foge a estereótipos e que é capaz de disputar o imaginário do que é ser mulher na sociedade capitalista e patriarcal da década de 1970. Palavras-Chave: imprensa; feminismo; textualidades; Brasil Mulher.
Relações de opressão-exploração da modernidade colonial: notas sobre cidadania trans e emancipação
Authors: Marinho Silvana 
Published: December 2020

A partir de uma abordagem feminista marxista, o presente artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre a cidadania trans, situando as determinações dos limites da cidadania no seio de uma sociabilidade capitalista, (cis)heteropatriarcal e racista, própria da modernidade colonial, bem como considerando que pessoas trans também são sujeitos políticos revolucionários e disputam os significados e as práticas do que é ser cidadão/ã. Na produção teórica da tradição marxista e nos debates políticos, a apreensão da exploração-opressão como unidade ainda ocupa lugar periférico. Portanto, o texto traz elementos para o debate acerca da emancipação política e humana denunciando o falso dilema entre lutas gerais e lutas específicas. Palavras-Chave: pessoas trans; relações de opressão-exploração; modernidade colonial; cidadania; emancipação
Os modos de vida das musicistas no Rio de Janeiro oitocentista
Authors: Paixão Alexandro Henrique , Paula Patricia Amorim de 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os modos de vida das mulheres que viviam no Rio de Janeiro oitocentista e dedicaram parte de sua vida à carreira musical. Elas foram professoras de piano e de canto, intérpretes e compositoras, mas seus nomes não estão inscritos na história da música brasileira. O esforço metodológico consiste em recuperá-los dentre as páginas da imprensa fluminense e, assim, mapear fragmentos dessa história para que ela sobreviva à ação do tempo. O ponto é colocar a versão oficial da história em perspectiva, trazendo novos elementos relativos à participação dessas mulheres na vida social, revelando aspectos de suas vidas que podem contribuir para a construção de uma nova narrativa sobre a cena musical no Rio de Janeiro oitocentista. Palavras-Chave: musicistas; estudos de gênero; imprensa oitocentista; Rio de Janeiro.
Uma análise decolonial sobre três interpretações do movimento feminista no Brasil: redefinindo as fronteiras do mapa (1970-1980)
Authors: Maione Leticia Alves 
Published: December 2020

O trabalho consiste em uma análise crítica que coloca em debate três interpretações sobre a formação do campo feminista no Brasil durante os anos de 1970-1980. Buscando apoio no aparato conceitual de feministas decoloniais, meu interesse foi revelar e relacionar parte da heterogeneidade feminista do período. Ademais, a estratégia de conceber o campo como formado por ideias e discursos vividos, praticados e corporificados em uma espacialidade (SEABRA; ASSIS, 2016) me permitiu ir além das expressões feministas que centralizam seu discurso, memória, fundação e identificações. Proveu-me também a observação de operações de silenciamento e falsas dicotomias que não explicariam todas as participações no campo, enquanto viabilizou o mapeamento de posições sociais e políticas que foram invisibilizadas. Ao me deparar com categorias que rechaçam as definições eurocêntricas às Américas (GONZALEZ, 1988; 2011), concluo que estas trazem: a ampliação das fronteiras do(s) campo(s) feminista(s) no Brasil, bem como a radicalização deste(s). Palavras-Chave: movimento feminista; anos de 1970-1980; feminismo anti/decolonial.
Exclusão “da” e “na” educação superior: os desafios de acesso e permanência para a população trans
Authors: Lacerda Milena Carlos de , Almeida Guilherme 
Published: December 2020

Considerando que o ingresso nas instituições universitárias não é experiência comum às/aos travestis e transexuais brasileiras/os, o presente artigo objetiva refletir acerca dos desafios que atravessam o acesso e a permanência das pessoas trans, a partir da experiência da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. Neste aspecto, a pesquisa documental empreendeu uma análise dos dois dispositivos centrais que aparecem como os indicadores mais evidentes da formalização desta população no ambiente universitário: o nome social e o uso autorreferido dos banheiros. Essas questões relacionam-se à adequação do ambiente educacional, à promoção da diversidade sexual e à expressão/identidade de gênero como condição indispensável para garantir o direito à educação às pessoas em condições precárias de vida social, alijadas dos direitos fundamentais e expostas à margem do convívio social. Palavras-Chave: acesso; permanência; universidades; nome social.
Militarização e Necropolítica da Fronteira: as respostas do Brasil à crescente migração venezuelana | Militarization and Necropolitics of the Frontier: the responses of Brazil to the growing Venezuelan migration
Authors: Castro Mariana 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo resulta da pesquisa de mestrado (teórica e etnográfica) sobre migração feminina venezuelana para o Brasil a partir de 2017. Nela, tais fluxos migratórios são relacionados com a dinâmica global de expansão da migração, no contexto de múltiplas crises (econômica, política, ambiental) e do novo ciclo político na América do Sul, no qual os governos progressistas foram substituídos por governos de direita. Na pesquisa, confrontamos as estratégias das mulheres venezuelanas cis para tornar a vida vivível com a Operação Acolhida e concluímos que a militarização traz custos altos na relação com os direitos humanos de quem migra para o Brasil. Usamos a noção de necropolítica da fronteira, partindo do conceito de necropolítica de Achille Mbembe. E analisamos de que modo o Brasil está lidando com a migração venezuelana, sobretudo, do método militarizado que marca a ação do Estado brasileiro.Palavras-chave: Migração internacional; Direitos Humanos; Necropolítica. ABSTRACTThis article is the result of a master's research (theoretical and ethnographic) on Venezuelan female migration to Brazil as of 2017. In it, such migratory flows are related to the global dynamics of migration expansion, in the context of multiple crises (economic, political, environment) and the new political cycle in South America, in which progressive governments have been replaced by right-wing governments. In the research, we confronted the strategies of cis Venezuelan women to make life bearable with Acolhida Operation and concluded that militarization brings high costs in relation to the human rights of those who migrate to Brazil. We use the notion of border necropolitics, based on Achille Mbembe's concept of necropolitics. And we analyze how Brazil is dealing with Venezuelan migration, above all, with the militarized method that marks the action of the Brazilian State.KeyWords: International migration; Human rights; Necropolitics. Recebido em 29 fev.2020 | Aceito em 01 set.2020.
Effect of an in-home, family-inclusive rehabilitation programme on depressive symptoms in veterans with traumatic brain injury and its mediation by activity engagement
Authors: Winter Laraine , Moriarty Helene J , Robinson Keith M 
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims Depression, the most common psychiatric sequela of traumatic brain injury in both civilians and veterans, produces serious and wide-ranging problems. Although medication and cognitive behavioural therapy are the most common treatments, some rehabilitation approaches designed to enhance functioning and/or community reintegration may decrease depression by facilitating active engagement in life – the key component of some depression therapies. The present secondary analysis of a community reintegration-focused rehabilitation programme for veterans with traumatic brain injury posed two questions: Did the programme affect depressive symptoms? If so, was this effect mediated by engagement in activities? Methods A secondary analysis was undertaken of an intervention study of 83 former members of the United States Armed Forces (veterans) with traumatic brain injury, who were interviewed in their homes. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the short-form Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, activity engagement using an 8-item subscale derived from the Community Reintegration of Injured Service Members Scale, and physical and emotional functioning using the SF-36V. Sociodemographic, medical and military characteristics were elicited during the first interview, and medical and military characteristics were identified through a medical chart review. Results Depressive symptoms significantly decreased among the veterans in the treatment group. That effect was mediated by activity engagement. Thus, the intervention's impact on depressive symptoms was attributable to the increased activity that it produced. Conclusions Research on rehabilitation that enhances engagement in activities should examine its possible benefits for improving mood.
ParaVR: a virtual reality training simulator for paramedic skills maintenance
Authors: Rees Nigel , Vaughan Neil , Day Thomas W , Dorrington Keith , Rees Lloyd , John Nigel W 
Published: December 2020

Background: Virtual reality (VR) technology is emerging as a powerful tool in medical training and has potential benefits for paramedic education. Aim: The aim of this paper is to report the development of ParaVR, which uses VR to maintain paramedics' skills. Methods: Computer scientists at the University of Chester and the Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust (WAST) developed ParaVR in four stages: identifying requirements and specifications; alpha version development; beta version development; and management—development of software, further funding and commercialisation. Results: Needle cricothyrotomy and needle thoracostomy emerged as candidates for the prototype ParaVR. The Oculus Rift head-mounted display was combined with Novint Falcon haptic device and a virtual environment crafted using 3D modelling software, which was ported to the Oculus Go virtual reality headset and the Google Cardboard VR platform. Conclusion: VR is an emerging educational tool with the potential to enhance paramedic skills development and maintenance. The ParaVR programme is the first step in the authors' development, testing and scaling up of this technology.