bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal biomarkers for early prediction of the neural tube defects pregnancies
Authors: Yadav Upendra , Kumar Pradeep , Rai Vandana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeural tube defects (NTD) are one of the most common congenital birth defects. The reason for the NTD cause is still not completely known, but it is believed that some genetic and environmental factors might play a role in its etiology. Among the genetic factors the polymorphism in the folate gene pathway is crucial. Numerous studies have suggested the possible role of maternal higher plasma concentration of homocysteine and low concentration of folate and cobalamin in the development of NTD but some negative studies are also published.AimAim of the present was to find out the exact relation between NTD and maternal biomarkers like folate, cobalamin and homocysteine by conducting a meta‐analysis.MethodDifferent electronic databases were searched for the eligible studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine association between maternal markers as risk for NTD pregnancy. The p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant in all tests. All the statistical analyses were done in the Open Meta‐Analyst program.ResultsThe homocysteine is significantly associated with the increased risk of NTD (SMD = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.35−0.80, p = <0.001; I2 = 93.01%), s‐folate showed protective role in NTD (SMD = −0.48; 95% CI: −0.77 to −0.19, p = 0.001; I2 = 95.73%), similarly cobalamin is also having protective role (SMD = −0.28; 95% CI: −0.43 to −0.13, p = <0.001; I2 = 80.40%).ConclusionIn conclusion this study suggest that different maternal biomarkers may be used for the early prediction of the NTDs.
Mandatory disclosure, greenhouse gas emissions and the cost of equity capital: UK evidence of a U‐shaped relationship
Authors: Gerged Ali Meftah , Matthews Lane , Elheddad Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of disclosing greenhouse gas (GHG) information mandatorily on the cost of equity capital (COC) using a longitudinal unbalanced panel database of the United Kingdom's FTSE 350 firms for the period 2011–2016. We use a nonlinear panel quantile regression (PQR) model to examine the relationship between GHG disclosure (GHGD) and COC in the United Kingdom. This technique was supplemented by conducting a two‐step generalised method of moment (GMM) estimation to address any concerns related to the potential existence of endogeneity problems. Our findings suggest that high‐level GHGD appeared to be negatively associated with COC up to a certain level, which is known as the turning point; then, any increase in GHGD is likely to increase the COC. This means that the nonlinear association between GHGD and COC is evidenced in our study and takes a U shape. Likewise, our findings are associative of a moderating effect of the 2013 carbon disclosure regulation (CDR) on the GHGD–COC nexus. We argue that mandatory GHGD and GHG risk are linked so that those companies that are associated with higher GHG risk have a tendency to be better disclosers. Consequently, we urge regulators to design GHGD regulations in a way that mirrors corporate environmental risk and leads to a lower COC in order to align the interests of corporations with those of the society at large.
A Detailed Chemical and Biological Investigation of Twelve Allium Species from Eastern Anatolia with Chemometric Studies
Authors: Izol Ebubekir , Temel Hamdi , Yilmaz Mustafa Abdullah , Yener Ismail , Olmez Ozge Tokul , Kaplaner Erhan , Fırat Mehmet , Hasimi Nesrin , Ozturk Mehmet , Ertas Abdulselam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAllium species are widely consumed as food all over the world. The phenolic profile of ethanol extracts of aerial parts and roots of 12 Allium species, collected from five different Eastern Anatolia regions, were studied using LC‐MS/MS. In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were also tested. The multivariate analyses were performed using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. Seventeen of 27 standard compounds were detected in all Allium species. The major components were mainly identified as quinic acid, malic acid, vanillin, and p‐coumaric acid. The aerial parts possessed better antioxidant activity than roots. Aerial parts of A. atroviolaceum, A. chrysantherum, A. kharputense, and A. shirnakiense exhibited high cytotoxic activity against DLD‐1 colon cancer cell lines (IC50 12.5 μg/mL). A. shatakiense and A. vineale demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli (MIC 75 μg/mL). According to chemometric analysis, differences were detected between aerial parts and the roots. The aerial parts of A. atroviolaceum, A. chrysantherum, A. kharputense, and A. shirnakiense could be potent in the pharmaceutical industry while A. shatakiense and A. vineale in the food industry after further investigations.
β‐Carboline‐Based pH Fluorescent Probe and Its Application for Monitoring Enzymatic Ester Hydrolysis
Authors: Huang Rong , Zhang Xian‐Dong , Wu Xing , Liu Ji‐Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel pH‐activatable fluorescent probe, 1‐(propan‐2‐yl)‐9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole‐3‐carboxylic acid (L‐1), based on β‐carboline derivatives, has been developed, which displays significant fluorescent response toward pH variation with high selectivity, good photo‐stability and favorable pKa value. Moreover, L‐1 can dynamically monitor the release of protons during ester hydrolysis reaction in consistent with enzymatic kinetics manner.
Potential Myocardial Protection of 3,4‐seco‐Lupane Triterpenoids from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Leaves
Authors: Wang Haohao , Chen Chen , Liu Ruijuan , Wang Xu , Zhao Yan , Yan Zhaowei , Cai Enbo , Zhu Hongyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA rich of 3,4‐seco‐lupane triterpenoids including chiisanoside (CSS), divaroside (DVS), sessiloside‐A1 (SSA) and chiisanogenin (CSG) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus. On the basis of previous studies, this article focused on four important components of 3,4‐seco‐lupane triterpenoids in Acanthopanax sessiliflorus leaves and explored their protective effects against aconitine‐induced cardiomyocyte injury and their molecular mechanisms. The results showed that pretreatment with 3,4‐seco‐lupane triterpenoids could effectively increase cell viability, reduce CK‐MB and LDH activities, reduce ROS production, maintain calcium concentration balance, and inhibit apoptosis, with divaroside having the best effect. In addition, Western blot results showed that divaroside down‐regulated Cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax and up‐regulated Bcl‐2 expression through activating the PI3 K/AKT pathway. However, the LY294002 inhibitor reversed this situation. This suggests that 3,4‐seco‐lupane triterpenoids may be a new hotspot for potential myocardial protective drugs research.
Rht‐1 semi‐dwarfing alleles increase the abundance of high molecular weight glutenin subunits
Authors: Jobson Emma M , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Martin John M , Giroux Michael J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGrain protein and starch abundance and composition are quantitative traits that play key roles in wheat quality. The semi‐dwarfing alleles of the Reduced height (Rht‐1) gene increase tillers and yield but also reduce seed size and protein content. Despite their negative impact on grain protein content, the semi‐dwarfing alleles increase dough mixing time and tolerance. This study used near isogenic lines that were either tall or semi‐dwarf lines that carried Rht‐B1b, Rht‐D1b, or Rht‐8 to investigate how each semi‐dwarfing allele impacts gluten composition and flour pasting properties.FindingsNone of the semi‐dwarfing alleles impacted starch properties. Each reduced flour protein content compared to the tall variety with the largest decreases in Rht‐B1b (1.8%) and Rht‐D1b (1.5%). The semi‐dwarfing lines increased the gluten index (21.5%) compared to Rht‐1a. Using SE‐HPLC, we determined that the semi‐dwarfing lines had an increased relative abundance of high molecular weight glutenins compared to the tall variety.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the Rht‐1 semi‐dwarfing alleles increase dough mixing time and tolerance by increasing the relative abundance of high molecular weight glutenins yielding stronger dough.Significance and NoveltyThe semi‐dwarfing alleles developed primarily for agronomic purposes have significant impacts on gluten index and starch swelling power.
Design Approach of Lifetime Extending Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Sensitizers for Highly Efficient Fluorescence Devices
Authors: Yoon Sung Joon , Kim Ji Han , Chung Won Jae , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, a design approach of three thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters to extend the device lifetime of the TADF sensitized fluorescent devices was studied. Three TADF materials, 5‐{4,6‐bis[4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl]‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl}‐2‐(10,15‐diphenyl‐10,15‐dihydro‐5H‐diindolo[3,2‐a:3′,2′‐c]carbazol‐5‐yl)benzonitrile (tTCNTruX), 4‐[3‐cyano‐4‐(10,15‐diphenyl‐10,15‐dihydro‐5H‐diindolo[3,2‐a:3′,2′‐c]carbazol‐5‐yl)phenyl]‐2,6‐diphenylpyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile (PCNTruX) and 4‐(4‐{10,15‐bis[4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl]‐10,15‐dihydro‐5H‐diindolo[3,2‐a:3′,2′‐c]carbazol‐5‐yl}‐3‐cyanophenyl)‐2,6‐diphenylpyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile (PCNtTruX), were synthesized as sensitizers for TADF‐sensitized fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes. The two tTCNTruX and PCNtTruX TADF emitters were designed to have Dexter energy transfer with blocking groups either in the donor or acceptor unit of the donor–acceptor‐type TADF sensitizer. The TADF materials showed small singlet–triplet energy splitting and a high reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate for effective sensitization of the fluorescent emission of the fluorescent emitter. tTCNTruX‐ and PCNtTruX‐sensitized fluorescent devices showed maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 17.7 % and 11.5 % in the yellow and red devices, respectively, which were higher than those of TADF‐sensitized devices with the corresponding TADF sensitizer without a blocking group. Moreover, the device lifetime was also extended by employing the tTCNTruX and PCNtTruX sensitizers. This work demonstrated that the tTCNTruX and PCNtTruX sensitizers are effective to improve the maximum EQE and device lifetime of TADF‐sensitized fluorescent devices.
Fluorescence Turn‐off Magnetic Fluorinated Graphene Composite with High NIR Absorption for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Dandan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhai Mingzhu , Huang Yan , Li Hui , Liu Xicheng , Gong Peiwei , Liu Zhe , You Jinmao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough fluorinated graphene/Fe3O4 composites exhibit a unique structure and chemical surface, and thus hold great potential in many fields, their effective synthesis has remained a headache because of poor dispersity and easy aggregation behavior. Herein, we report a novel method to prepare hyaluronic acid (HA)‐modified fluorinated graphene with a well‐defined structure and good solubility in various media, and this then allowed us for the first time to controllably deposit magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto the sheets with designed ratio and contents. This strategy further guaranteed a multifunctional composite that possessed HA and magnetism‐induced dual‐targeting effect towards cancer cells and high near‐infrared absorption for photothermal therapy (PTT). Moreover, this composite also showed an effective turn‐off fluorescence effect for the anticancer drug doxorubicin, allowing us to visually monitor the drug loading procedure. Anticancer experiments indicated that such a successful combination of PTT and chemotherapy with special selectivity toward cancer cells exhibited a much better therapeutic effect than single therapy.
Context‐aware resource management and alternative pricing model to improve enterprise cloud adoption
Authors: Balaji Mahesh , Ch Aswani Kumar 
Published: November 2020

SummaryExisting Cloud resource management approaches favor Cloud service providers because of their data‐center origin. The onus of efficiently managing the resources is on the end‐user. Present provisioning/deprovisioning methods and the pricing model could be modified to ensure that the end‐user reaps the benefits. The current study proposes a context‐aware Cloud resource management approach based on a workload‐type provisioning and a just‐in‐time deprovisioning design. Furthermore, it also recommends an alternative pricing model. The design intends to provision/deprovision individual resources like CPU, memory, and so on, according to the workload‐type rather than instance‐type as done in existing Cloud resource management approaches. The proposed approach was commissioned on a private lab infrastructure and several experiments were conducted. It was observed that the proposed approach was able to detect sample workload types with an average sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 76%. The average cost of the proposed approach was found to be 20% less than the present approach.
An improved agglomerative hierarchical clustering anomaly detection method for scientific data
Authors: Shi Peng , Zhao Zhen , Zhong Huaqiang , Shen Hangyu , Ding Lianhong 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAnomaly detection tries to find out the data that disobeys the rule of majority data or expected patterns. The traditional hierarchical clustering algorithms have been adopted to detect anomaly, but have the disadvantages of low effectiveness and unstability. So we propose an improved agglomerative hierarchical clustering method for anomaly detection. It dynamically adjusts the optimum clustering number according to the self‐defined criterion to save the trouble of manually picking clustering number, and determines the optimum clustering distance mode according to cophenetic correlation coefficient to reduce the procedure of manually testing the suitable distance mode in each iteration. The performances of proposed method are verified on tensile test, HTRU2 and credit card dataset. Compared with the traditional methods, our method possesses the most comprehensive performance (the highest F‐measure with less iterations), which shows effectiveness of anomaly detection. And compared with the traditional methods (single, complete, average, and centroid mode), our method achieves the best performance on tensile test and HTRU2 dataset, showing stronger generalization. Compared with other methods (Decision + Gradient Boosted Tree, Decision Trees + Decision Stump, etc) on credit card dataset, our method obtains similar accuracy, and ranks in the top level in the aspect of sensitivity.
Evaluating the morphological features of the lateral pterygoid insertion into the medial surface of the condylar process
Authors: Sritara Sasin , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Fukino Keiko , Matsumoto Yoshiro , Ono Takashi , Akita Keiichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe lateral pterygoid is vital in coordinating multidimensional jaw movements. Since a vector in three‐dimensional (3D) space is defined by two 3D points, the role of the lateral pterygoid in 3D jaw movements is defined by its origin and insertion. Reportedly, the lateral pterygoid is inserted into not only the pterygoid fovea but also into the medial surface of the condylar process. The objective was to investigate the morphological features of the region of the lateral pterygoid that inserted into the medial surface of the condylar process.Material and MethodsTen head halves of seven cadaveric donors were analyzed. In all specimens, the insertion area on the medial surface of the condylar process was measured based on microcomputed tomography images. Muscle fibers were separated into ≥50 small bundles, and positional relationships between the origins and insertions were investigated.ResultsOverall, 28.8 ± 5.0% of the insertion area of the lateral pterygoid was situated on the medial surface of the condylar process. Moreover, muscle fiber arrangement revealed that origins of the muscle bundles inserting into the medial surface in seven specimens posteriorly occupied the lateral plate of the pterygoid process longitudinally, whereas those in three specimens mainly occupied the posteroinferior portion.ConclusionsMuscle bundle inserting on the medial surface of the condylar process had a broad insertion area and a distinct origin on the posterior region of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process. This muscle bundle could act as one of the significant subunits within the lateral pterygoid. Therefore, anatomical coordination mechanisms underlying jaw movement cannot be elucidated without considering this subunit.
Cutaneous metastasis in a case of Wilm's tumor diagnosed on cytology ‐ A rare case report
Authors: T Paruvathavarthini , Stephen Norton , A Pradeep , Gochhait Debasis , Bh Srinivas , Siddaraju Neeliah , Raj Joe Vimal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 12‐year‐old male child presented with complaints of a slow growing swelling in the right parasternal region noticed since one month. On examination, the lump was 2 × 2 cm firm, mobile nontender located in the subcutaneous plane which was also confirmed radiologically. Fine needle aspiration cytology was attempted showed small to medium sized monotonous round cell morphology, nuclear molding and mitotic figures were frequent. Few cells exhibiting rosettoid arrangement. No definite epithelial or mesenchymal component was evident. No glio‐fibrillary matrix or lymphoglandular bodies were evident in the smears. Based on morphology, a small round cell tumor was considered with possibilities of Wilm's tumor and Ewing's family of tumor. Based on morphological differentials ICC was requested, tumor cells were positive for strong nuclear WT1 staining while CK and FLI1 were negative. The cytomorphology along with the ICC confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic wilm's tumor. Seven years back, patient had a history of nephrectomy, which on histopathology was reported as triphasic Wilms tumor with favorable histology. Generally Wilm's tumor recurs within 2 years of diagnosis. Late recurrence in Wilm's tumor is rare with only a handful of case reports. Common sites for metastasis include lung, liver, contralateral kidney. Cutaneous metastasis is very uncommon, early detection of which with helps in therapeutic and prognostic decisions. The interesting aspect of this article is cytological detection of cutaneous metastasis of late recurrence Wilm's tumor, which is extremely rare to occur.
Extraction of Oat Lipids and Phospholipids Using Subcritical Propane and Dimethyl Ether: Experimental Data and Modeling
Authors: Li Yuntong , Obadi Mohammed , Qi Yajing , shi Jiachen , Liu Shuyi , Sun Jun , Chen Zhongwei , Xu Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffects of subcritical solvents (propane, dimethyl ether (DME), and their 1:1 mixed solvents) and extraction temperatures (30 to 60 °C) on oat lipids and phospholipid extraction are investigated using the Patricelli kinetic model and thermodynamic analysis. The mass‐transfer coefficient (k1) of the washing stage is approximately ten times higher than the diffusion stage under different solvents and temperature conditions. Compared with the subcritical propane and mixed solvents, the maximum equilibrium yield of oat lipids and phospholipids are obtained using subcritical DME. With increased extraction temperature from 30 to 60 °C, the equilibrium yield of phospholipids increases, whereas the equilibrium yield of lipids increases to 5.30% at 40 °C and then decreases. The enthalpy and entropy changes for phospholipid extraction are higher than those for lipid extraction. The Gibbs free energy for phospholipid extraction rapidly decreases with increased extraction temperature. A loose endosperm of oat grain is observed, and the concentration of lipids in the bran layer is higher than in the endosperm. In conclusion, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses statistically prove that DME is more effective than propane and mixes solvents for extracting lipids and phospholipids from oat flakes, and that phospholipid extraction strongly depends on temperature.Practical Application: The removal of lipids and phospholipids benefits oat‐product processing and storage. However, traditional industrial n‐hexane extraction usually requires a high‐temperature process for solute–solvent separation, which may result in low quality of the meal. Subcritical‐fluid extraction is a rising technology for lipid and phospholipid extraction. The yields of lipids and phospholipids using subcritical dimethyl ether (DME) is higher than those propane and its mixed solvents. The temperature dependence of phospholipid extraction is more active than that of lipid extraction. Thus, use of subcritical DME is a promising lipid‐extraction technique to obtain solvent­free oat oil and high‐quality defatted oat flour with potential application in the oat‐processing industry.
Identity confirmation of anthocyanins in berries by LC–DAD–IM‐QTOFMS
Authors: Delgado‐Povedano María del Mar , de Villiers André , Hann Stephan , Causon Tim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRugged analytical methods for the screening and identity confirmation of anthocyanins require a dedicated sample preparation, chromatographic setup, and the reliable generation of multiple identification points to confirm identity against the wide range of phenolic compounds typically present in food, beverage, and plant material samples. To this end, combinations of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric detection are frequently employed for this application to provide higher confidence in the absence of authentic standards. In the present work, low‐field drift tube ion mobility (DTIM) separation is evaluated for this task using a LC–DAD–DTIM–QTOFMS method. DTIM‐MS allows accurate determination of collision cross sections (DTCCS) for all analysed compounds as well as a precise alignment tool for reconciling fragment and precursor ions in data independent acquisition mode. The presented approach thereby allows for an anthocyanin screening method taking true advantage of all dimensions of the analytical platform: relative retention (RPLC), UV/VIS absorption spectrum, accurate mass, DTCCSN2, and confirmed high‐resolution fragment ions. From the analysis of authentic standards and several berry samples primarily from the Vaccinium genus, Level 1 confirmation data for six anthocyanins from the cyanidin family, and Level 2 confirmation for a further 29 anthocyanins confirmed in berry samples is provided. The method and accompanying dataset provided as part of this work provides a means to develop anthocyanin screening methods using the ion mobility dimension as an additional alignment and filtering parameter in data independent analysis acquisition across any LC–IM–MS platform.
Estimating the impact of the mattress fire safety Standard 16 CFR Part 1633 on bed fire outcomes
Authors: Gilbert Stanley W. , Butry David T. , Davis Rick D. , Gann Richard G. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBeds are a prevalent combustible in fatal fires in the United States effective 1 July 2007, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission promulgated a standard to severely reduce the heat release rate and the early heat output from mattresses and foundations when ignited by a flaming ignition source. This study estimates the Standard's success over its first decade using fire incidence, US population, and mattress sales data. The technique mitigates the influence of some exogenous factors that might have changed during this decade. The Standard is accomplishing its purpose, preventing approximately 65 fatalities (out of an estimated 95 fatalities in 2002‐2005) from bed fires annually during 2015‐2016, although not all pre‐Standard mattresses had yet been replaced. Compared to residential upholstered furniture fires, which were not affected by the Standard, the numbers of bed fires decreased by 12%, injuries by 34%, and deaths by 82% between 2005‐2006 and 2015‐2016. Per bed fire, injuries decreased by 25% and fatalities decreased by 67%, indicating that the severity of bed fires is being reduced.