bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidate Effects on Election Outcomes: Political Skill, Campaign Efficacy, and Intentions in a British General Election
Authors: Silvester Joanne , Wyatt Madeleine , Ellen B. Parker , Ferris Gerald R. 
Published: November 2020

Integrating Social/Political Influence Theory with the Theory of Planned Behavior, we argue that personal resources (i.e., political skill, self‐efficacy) enable political candidates to form more ambitious campaign intentions, and thus perform better in elections. We tested this model with a sample of political candidates (N = 225) campaigning in a British general election. Three months before polling day, candidates provided self‐ratings of political skill, domain‐specific self‐efficacy (i.e., campaign efficacy), and personal campaign intentions during the campaign period. Our results demonstrated that political skill was positively related to campaign efficacy, and intentions, via campaign efficacy. We also found a significant indirect effect for political skill on electoral performance (i.e., percentage of the vote), through campaign efficacy and intentions. Implications of our results for understanding candidate effects in campaigns and future research are discussed.
GPCRs as an emerging host‐directed therapeutic target against mycobacterial infection: From notion to reality
Authors: Naz Farha , Arish Mohd 
Published: November 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is one of the successful pathogens and claim millions of deaths across the globe. The emergence of drug resistance in M. tb has created new hurdles in the tuberculosis elimination programme worldwide. Hence, there is an unmet medical need for alternative therapy, which could be achieved by targeting the host's critical signalling pathways that are compromised during M. tb infection. In this review, we have summarized some of the findings involving the modulation of host GPCRs in the regulation of the mycobacterial infection. Understanding the role of these GPCRs not only unravels signalling pathways during infection but also provides clues for targeting critical signalling intermediates for the development of GPCR‐based host‐directive therapy.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of GPCR Review Series. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/(ISSN)1476‐5381.GPCRReviews
#Participating #Contesting: Studying Counterpublics’ Discourses on Twitter About the Social Acceptability of Medical Assistance in Dying Legislation in Canada
Authors: Lalancette Mireille , Yates Stéphanie , Rouillard Carol‐Ann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores debates on medical assistance in dying (MAID) in Canada as they unfolded on Twitter before its adoption in June 2016. The opposition, which came from diverse groups—religious, experts, politicians—led to polarizing debates about the social acceptability of this measure. Our finding shows that the so‐called lay citizens refused to leave the discussion to experts and politicians and got involved in the debates around the issue. Our results also show that Twitter was mainly used to share information, hence complementing the role of traditional media. Overall, the platform gave rise to an “ambient political participation,” allowing minority or marginalized groups as well as lay citizens to share their knowledge and opinion about MAID. This may have favored a certain form of empowerment.
Maternal depressive symptoms are not associated with child anaemia: A cross‐sectional population study in Peru, 2015
Authors: Alarcón‐Guevara Samuel , Peñafiel‐Sam Joshua , Chang‐Cabanillas Sergio , Pereyra‐Elías Reneé 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionApproximately, one in three Peruvian children aged 6 to 59 months old have anaemia. Maternal depression, which may be disabling and affect the proper care of children, is associated with chronic malnutrition in their offspring. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate if there is an association between depressive symptoms of mothers with the presence of anaemia in their children.MethodsAnalytical cross‐sectional study of the Peruvian Demographic Health Survey 2015, which is nationally representative. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) using a score of 10 as cut‐off. The presence of anaemia was measured using HemoCue® and was considered positive when the haemoglobin was less than 11 g/dl.ResultsCrude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR and aPR) were calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI), using generalized linear models of the Poisson family. We analysed 6683 mother–child binomials. The prevalence of anaemia in the children and depressive symptoms in women were 28.7% (95% CI: 27.3–30.2) and 6.9% (95% CI: 6.1–7.9), respectively. We found no statistically significant association between these variables in the bivariable analysis or in the different multivariable models (aPR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85–1.30). The sample did not have moderate or severe malnutrition.ConclusionsThere is no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of anaemia in children of mothers with or without depressive symptoms. We recommend continuing research in this field to determine more associate factors to childhood anaemia in order to improve primary prevention interventions. Ideally, conducting longitudinal studies such as prospectives cohorts to determine risk factors should be done.
Levelling the EU participatory playing field: A legal and policy analysis of the Commission's public consultations in light of the principle of political equality
Authors: Alemanno Alberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe EU Commission has a long tradition of consulting interested parties when formulating its policies. While the rationale, format and legal basis relied upon by the Commission when holding public consultations have changed over time, its systematic inability to make those consultations equally accessible to all affected parties has remained constant. This article discusses the extent to which such a consultation practice conflicts with the principle of political equality, as enshrined in Article 9 TEU. Given the Commission's unrestrained discretion regarding who, how and when to consult and the absence of corresponding participatory rights, it argues that the EU can no longer presume that all stakeholders—especially citizens and civil society groups—enjoy equal access to EU institutions. Rather, under a proposed substantive reading of the principle of political equality, it contends that EU institutions are procedurally required to ensure that everyone will effectively be given equal opportunities of access to the policy process. Only a series of structural, power‐shifting reforms—some of which are proposed in this article—may enable participation to become an autonomous form of legitimation of the Union.
Reconceptualising ‘internationalisation’ in higher education: The case of Hong Kong
Authors: Pan Suyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the meaning and features of ‘internationalisation’ in higher education in the social and historical contexts of Hong Kong. From a perspective of shifting geopolitics of higher education aligned with a historical perspective of evolving academic traditions, this article discerns parallel developments featuring the transition of Hong Kong universities along two pathways—benchmarking Western universities’ internationalisation agenda, and converging with China’s projection for national integration and global outreach. The HK case provides a critique of liberal views of internationalisation of higher education based on the logics of neoliberalism, soft power, global citizenship, and internationalisation at home, suggesting a closer look at statist instrumentalism in conjunction with neoliberalism as competitive strategies in a realistic international higher education community.
Comment on an article by Gonzaga et al. J Am Ceram Soc. 2020;103:6280‐6288
Authors: Paparazzo Ernesto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI argue that the authors’ interpretation of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Ce3d spectra of their materials is untenable because it largely neglects the electronic structure of cerium ions and spin‐orbit interaction of the Ce3d subshell. I conclude that at %Ce3+ values the authors derived from their Ce3d spectra offer an inaccurate account of the cerium chemistry of their materials.
Aldosterone enhances high phosphate–induced vascular calcification through inhibition of AMPK‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Gao Jing‐Wei , He Wan‐Bing , Xie Chang‐Ming , Gao Ming , Feng Lei‐Yu , Liu Zhao‐Yu , Wang Jing‐Feng , Huang Hui , Liu Pin‐Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt remains unclear whether the necessity of calcified mellitus induced by high inorganic phosphate (Pi) is required and the roles of autophagy plays in aldosterone (Aldo)‐enhanced vascular calcification (VC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we found that Aldo enhanced VC both in vivo and in vitro only in the presence of high Pi, alongside with increased expression of VSMC osteogenic proteins (BMP2, Runx2 and OCN) and decreased expression of VSMC contractile proteins (α‐SMA, SM22α and smoothelin). However, these effects were blocked by mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitor, spironolactone. In addition, the stimulatory effects of Aldo on VSMC calcification were further accelerated by the autophagy inhibitor, 3‐MA, and were counteracted by the autophagy inducer, rapamycin. Moreover, inhibiting adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) by Compound C attenuated Aldo/MR‐enhanced VC. These results suggested that Aldo facilitates high Pi‐induced VSMC osteogenic phenotypic switch and calcification through MR‐mediated signalling pathways that involve AMPK‐dependent autophagy, which provided new insights into Aldo excess‐associated VC in various settings.
Development of a real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Qu Yang , Wang Qing , Li Yingying , Wang Yingying , Yin Jiyuan , Ren Yan , Liu Chun , Liu Xiaofang , Wang Yahui , Zeng Weiwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila is ubiquitous in the aquaculture industry and a constant cause of severe disease and economic losses. The early diagnosis of these infections is crucial for disease surveillance and prevention. We developed a real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification (real‐time RPA) assay for detection of A. hydrophila using the haemolysin gene. The assay was performed at 37°C for 20 min and was highly specific with no cross‐reaction with other fish pathogens or with other Aeromonas species. The assay detection limit was 102 copies of the Aeromonas hydrophila per reaction. Compared with traditional culture‐based method or real‐time PCR, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the real‐time RPA were 73.7 and 100%, as well as 64.7 and 93%. Our newly developed real‐time RPA was specific and sensitive and can be used in large‐scale and point‐of‐care field investigations of A. hydrophila infections to enable earlier diagnoses.
Qualitative diagnostic signature for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on the within‐sample relative expression orderings
Authors: Xia Jie , Zhang Huarong , Guan Qingzhou , Wang Shanshan , Li Yawei , Xie Jiajing , Li Meifeng , Huang Haiyan , Yan Haidan , Chen Ting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for about 90% of pancreatic cancer, which is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms with a 9.3% five‐year survival rate. The pathological biopsy is the current golden standard for confirming suspicious lesions of PDAC, but it is not entirely reliable because of the insufficient sampling amount and inaccurate sampling location. Therefore, developing a robust signature to aid the accurate diagnosis of PDAC is critical.MethodsBased on the within‐sample relative expression orderings of gene pairs, we identified a qualitative signature to discriminate both PDAC and adjacent samples from both chronic pancreatitis and normal samples in the training datasets and validated it in other independent datasets produced by different laboratories with different measuring platforms.ResultsA six‐gene‐pair signature was identified in the training data and validated in eight independent datasets. For surgical samples, 96.63% of 356 PDAC tissues, 100% of 11 pancreatitis tissues of non‐cancer patients, and 23 of 24 normal pancreatic tissues were correctly classified. Especially, 59 of 60 cancer‐adjacent normal tissues of PDAC patients were correctly identified as PDAC. For biopsy samples, all of 11 PDAC biopsy tissues were correctly classified as PDAC.ConclusionThe signature can distinguish both PDAC and PDAC‐adjacent normal tissues from both chronic pancreatitis and normal tissues of non‐cancer patients even when the sampling locations are inaccurate, which can aid the diagnosis of PDAC.
Nomogram for predicting the feasibility of natural orifice specimen extraction after laparoscopic rectal resection
Authors: Huang Ben , Liu Meng‐cheng , Gao Wei , Tang Jie , Zhu Zhe , Chen Lin , Han Jun‐yi , Zhou Zhu‐qing , Fu Chuan‐gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe goal of this study was to develop a preoperative nomogram for predicting the feasibility of trans‐anal natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) for rectal cancer.MethodsThe analysis included 201 patients who underwent trans‐anal NOSE and 457 patients who failed to undergo trans‐anal NOSE in Shanghai East Hospital. The data collected included age, gender, body mass index, presence of tumor obstruction, distance from anal verge; maximum tumor diameter and anteroposterior thickness of mesorectum (AP) measured by magnetic resonance imaging; interspinous diameter, intertuberous diameter (IT), anteroposterior diameter of the inlet (API), anteroposterior diameter of the midplane, anteroposterior diameter of the outlet (APO), sacral length and pelvic depth (PD) measured by computed tomography.ResultsThe multivariate analysis suggested that a lower body mass index (P < 0.001), no tumor obstruction (P = 0.005), a shorter distance from anal verge (P < 0.001), a smaller tumor size (P < 0.001), a thinner AP (P < 0.001), a wider and shallower bony pelvis (API/PD, P < 0.001), and a wider and shorter pelvic outlet (IT/APO, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with an increased probability of trans‐anal NOSE. Successful NOSE patients had a decreased time to liquid intake (P < 0.001), a shorter postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.001), and fewer wound infections (P = 0.045). No significant difference in the rate of mortality or recurrence was observed. The nomogram model presented an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.85) and good calibration.ConclusionWe developed a nomogram model that has some predicative value for the feasibility of laparoscopic rectal resection with trans‐anal NOSE, utilizing clinical and radiologic parameters, available in most institutions.
The mPINC survey: Impacting US maternity care practices
Authors: Nelson Jennifer M. , Grossniklaus Daurice A. , Galuska Deborah A. , Perrine Cria G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered the original Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey, a census of all US birth facilities, from 2007 to 2015 to monitor infant feeding‐related maternity care practices and policies. The purpose of this paper is to describe the many uses of mPINC data. Hospitals, organizations and governments (federal, state and local) have used the mPINC survey as a tool for improving care among the populations they serve. Nationally, the mPINC survey has been used to document marked improvements in infant feeding‐related maternity care. Researchers have used the mPINC data to examine a variety of questions related to maternity care practices and policies. The newly revised mPINC survey (2018) has been designed to capture changes that have occurred over the past decade in infant feeding‐related US maternity care. Hospitals, organizations, governments and researchers will be able to continue using this important tool in their efforts to ensure US maternity care practices and policies are fully supportive of breastfeeding.
Niche specificity influences gene flow across fine‐scale habitat mosaics in Succulent Karoo plants
Authors: Musker Seth D. , Ellis Allan G. , Schlebusch Stephen A. , Verboom G. Anthony 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile the tempo of diversification in biodiversity hotspots has received much attention, the spatial scale of diversification has often been overlooked. Addressing this deficiency requires understanding the drivers of population divergence and the spatial scales at which they operate in species‐rich clades and ecosystems. South Africa's Succulent Karoo (SK) hotspot provides an excellent system for such research, being both compact (ca. 110,000 km2) and home to spectacular in‐situ radiations, such as the ruschioid Aizoaceae. Here we use GBS to document genetic structure in two co‐occurring ruschioid species, at both coarse (>10 km) and fine (<500 m) spatial scales. Where Ruschia burtoniae shows strong between‐population genetic differentiation and no gene flow, Conophytum calculus shows weak differentiation, with high levels of admixture suggesting recent or ongoing gene flow. Community analysis and transplant experiments reveal that R. burtoniae occupies a narrow, low‐pH edaphic niche, and at scales of a few hundred metres, areas of elevated genetic turnover correspond to patches of edaphically unsuitable habitat. In contrast, C. calculus occupies a broader niche and exhibits isolation‐by‐distance without a habitat effect. We suggest that edaphic specialisation, coupled with highly restricted seed and pollen dispersal in heterogeneous landscapes, has played a major role in driving rapid diversification at small spatial scales in this system. However, the contrasting patterns in our study species show that these factors do not influence all organisms uniformly, being strongly modulated by lineage‐specific traits that influence both the spatial scale of gene flow and habitat specificity.
Manipulation of cytosine methylation does not remove latitudinal clines in two invasive goldenrod species in Central Europe
Authors: Eckert Silvia , Herden Jasmin , Stift Marc , Joshi Jasmin , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvasive species frequently differentiate phenotypically in novel environments within a few generations, often even with limited genetic variation. For the invasive plants Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea, we tested whether such differentiation might have occurred through heritable epigenetic changes in cytosine methylation. In a 2‐year common‐garden experiment, we grew plants from seeds collected along a latitudinal gradient in their non‐native Central European range to test for trait differentiation and whether differentiation disappeared when seeds were treated with the demethylation agent zebularine. Microsatellite markers revealed no population structure along the latitudinal gradient in S. canadensis, but three genetic clusters in S. gigantea. Solidago canadensis showed latitudinal clines in flowering phenology and growth. In S. gigantea, the number of clonal offspring decreased with latitude. Although zebularine had a significant effect on early growth, probably through effects on cytosine methylation, latitudinal clines remained (or even got stronger) in plants raised from seeds treated with zebularine. Thus, our experiment provides no evidence that epigenetic mechanisms by selective cytosine methylation contribute to the observed phenotypic differentiation in invasive goldenrods in Central Europe.
Morphological vs. DNA metabarcoding approaches for the evaluation of stream ecological status with benthic invertebrates: Testing different combinations of markers and strategies of data filtering
Authors: Meyer Albin , Boyer Frédéric , Valentini Alice , Bonin Aurélie , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Beisel Jean‐Nicolas , Bouquerel Jonathan , Wagner Philippe , Gaboriaud Coline , Leese Florian , Dejean Tony , Taberlet Pierre , Usseglio‐Polatera Philippe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMacroinvertebrate assemblages are the most common bioindicators used for stream biomonitoring, yet the standard approach exhibits several time‐consuming steps, including the sorting and identification of organisms based on morphological criteria. In this study, we examined if DNA metabarcoding could be used as an efficient molecular‐based alternative to the morphology‐based monitoring of streams using macroinvertebrates. We compared results achieved with the standard morphological identification of organisms sampled in 18 sites located on 15 French wadeable streams to results obtained with the DNA metabarcoding identification of sorted bulk material of the same macroinvertebrate samples, using read numbers (expressed as relative frequencies) as a proxy for abundances. In particular, we evaluated how combining and filtering metabarcoding data obtained from three different markers (COI: BF1‐BR2, 18S: Euka02 and 16S: Inse01) could improve the efficiency of bioassessment. In total, 140 taxa were identified based on morphological criteria, and 127 were identified based on DNA metabarcoding using the three markers, with an overlap of 99 taxa. The threshold values used for sequence filtering based on the “best identity” criterion and the number of reads had an effect on the assessment efficiency of data obtained with each marker. Compared to single marker results, combining data from different markers allowed us to improve the match between biotic index values obtained with the bulk DNA versus morphology‐based approaches. Both approaches assigned the same ecological quality class to a majority (86%) of the site sampling events, highlighting both the efficiency of metabarcoding as a biomonitoring tool but also the need for further research to improve this efficiency.
Time‐course of the visual Impact on presbyopes of a low dose miotic
Authors: Xu Renfeng , Gil Daniel , Dibas Mohammed , Rickert Martin , Meyer Dawn , Perron Laura , Kollbaum Pete , Bradley Arthur 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine the pupil and visual impact of a single early morning drop of a low concentration miotic.MethodsPupil size, refraction, visual acuity (VA), near reading performance and intraocular pressure were monitored for 8 h at a wide range of light levels following bilateral instillation of single drops of 0.1% brimonidine tartate in 19 early presbyopes (40–50 years) and 11 mature presbyopes (>50 years).ResultsPupil miosis did not alter distance VA or refraction. Significant pupil miosis peaked at 1–2 h after dosing, which expanded the depth of focus of mature presbyopes with the mean improvement in near logMAR VA of −0.15, −0.07 and −0.03, at 20, 200 and 2000 lux, respectively. One hour after instillation, near reading speed improved by 21, 24 and 5 words per min for text size commonly seen in US newspaper and cellphone text messages, 18, 21 and 19 words per min for text size of grocery labels and 12, 13 and 30 words per min for text size of over‐the‐counter medications at light levels of 20, 200 and 2000 lux, respectively. No such improvements in near VA and near reading speed were observed in the young presbyopes having some residual accommodation. Most of the pupil miosis remained 8 h after instillation, whereas near VA improvements disappeared after 4 h.ConclusionLow dose miotics can enhance near vision in presbyopic subjects while retaining high quality distance vision over a wide range of light levels. Significant improvements in near vision were observed only during the 1–2 h period after dosing when miosis peaked.