bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of difficulty on electricity and magnetism concepts of physics education students among cross academic level
Authors: Wardana Rendy Wikrama , Liliasari Liliasari , Tjiang Paulus Tjahyono , Nahadi Nahadi 
Published: March 2020

Some previous studies have shown that electricity and magnetism is one of the concepts of abstract, difficult, and complex. The purpose of the research illustrates the difficulties of academic cross-level physics education students on magnetic electrical concepts. Research used qualitative descriptive methods. The number of research samples is 103 students consisting of 73 the third year Bachelor’s Students of Physics Education and 30 Master’s Students of Physics Education in one of State University in Bandung City. Research instruments used essay-shaped tests and interview guides. Data collection was conducted by giving essay test adapted from Electromagnetic Concept Inventory test consisting of four major subconcepts namely: electrostatic, magnetics, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic waves. Data analysis was conducted by analyzing the test result data via the answer scale section and analysis of the interview results. The results of the study show interesting thing that the electrostatic subconcept is 3% for Bachelor’s Students of Physics Education and 6% for Master’s Students of Physics Education that answered questions correctly on the concept. In the sub-concept of electromagnetic waves, 7% of Bachelor’s Students of Physics Education and 6% for Master’s Students of Physics Education that answered correctly questions on the concept. The results indicate that most students ' cross-academic level difficulties were on electrostatic sub-concepts and electromagnetic waves that categorized the basic and upper concepts in magnetic electrical concepts. The results of the study give implications that the need to strengthen basic concepts and appropriate learning strategy in teaching the concept of magnetic electricity.
Identification of Informed Consent in Patient Videos on Social Media: Prospective Study
Authors: O'Sullivan Jane , McCarrick Cathleen , Tierney Paul , O'Connor Donal B , Collins Jack , Franklin Robert 
Published: March 2020

Background
The American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics states that any clinical image taken for public education forms part of the patient’s records. Hence, a patient’s informed consent is required to collect, share, and distribute their image. Patients must be informed of the intended use of the clinical image and the intended audience as part of the informed consent.

Objective
This paper aimed to determine whether a random selection of instructional videos containing footage of central venous catheter insertion on real patients on YouTube (Google LLC) would mention the presence of informed consent to post the video on social media.

Methods
We performed a prospective evaluation by 2 separate researchers of the first 125 videos on YouTube with the search term “central line insertion.” After duplicates were deleted and exclusion criteria applied, 41 videos of patients undergoing central line insertion were searched for reference to patient consent. In the case of videos of indeterminate consent status, the posters were contacted privately through YouTube to clarify the status of consent to both film and disseminate the video on social media. A period of 2 months was provided to respond to initial contact. Furthermore, YouTube was contacted to clarify company policy. The primary outcome was to determine if videos on YouTube were amended to include details of consent at 2 months postcontact. The secondary outcome was a response to the initial email at 2 months.

Results
The researchers compiled 143 videos. Of 41 videos that contained footage of patient procedures, 41 were of indeterminate consent status and 23 contained identifiable patient footage. From the 41 posters that were contacted, 3 responded to initial contact and none amended the video to document consent status. Response from YouTube is pending.

Conclusions
There are instructional videos for clinicians on social media that contain footage of patients undergoing medical procedures and do not have any verification of informed consent. While this study investigated a small sample of available videos, the problem appears ubiquitous and should be studied more extensively.
Ambiguity in Communicating Intensity of Physical Activity: Survey Study
Authors: Kim Hyeoneui , Kim Jaemin , Taira Ricky 
Published: March 2020

Background
Communicating physical activity information with sufficient details, such as activity type, frequency, duration, and intensity, is vital to accurately delineate the attributes of physical activity that bring positive health impact. Unlike frequency and duration, intensity is a subjective concept that can be interpreted differently by people depending on demographics, health status, physical fitness, and exercise habits. However, activity intensity is often communicated using general degree modifiers, degree of physical exertion, and physical activity examples, which are the expressions that people may interpret differently. Lack of clarity in communicating the intensity level of physical activity is a potential barrier to an accurate assessment of exercise effect and effective imparting of exercise recommendations.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the variations in people’s perceptions and interpretations of commonly used intensity descriptions of physical activities and to identify factors that may contribute to these variations.

Methods
A Web-based survey with a 25-item questionnaire was conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk, targeting adults residing in the United States. The questionnaire included questions on participants’ demographics, exercise habits, overall perceived health status, and perceived intensity of 10 physical activity examples. The survey responses were analyzed using the R statistical package.

Results
The analyses included 498 responses. The majority of respondents were females (276/498, 55.4%) and whites (399/498, 79.9%). Numeric ratings of physical exertion after exercise were relatively well associated with the 3 general degree descriptors of exercise intensity: light, moderate, and vigorous. However, there was no clear association between the intensity expressed with those degree descriptors and the degree of physical exertion the participants reported to have experienced after exercise. Intensity ratings of various examples of physical activity differed significantly according to respondents’ characteristics. Regression analyses showed that those who reported good health or considered regular exercise was important for their health tended to rate the intensity levels of the activity examples significantly higher than their counterparts. The respondents’ age and race (white vs nonwhite) were not significant predictors of the intensity rating.

Conclusions
This survey showed significant variations in how people perceive and interpret the intensity levels of physical activities described with general severity modifiers, degrees of physical exertion, and physical activity examples. Considering that these are among the most widely used methods of communicating physical activity intensity in current practice, a possible miscommunication in assessing and promoting physical activity seems to be a real concern. We need to adopt a method that represents activity intensity in a quantifiable manner to avoid unintended miscommunication.
An Ensemble Learning Strategy for Eligibility Criteria Text Classification for Clinical Trial Recruitment: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Zeng Kun , Pan Zhiwei , Xu Yibin , Qu Yingying 
Published: March 2020

Background
Eligibility criteria are the main strategy for screening appropriate participants for clinical trials. Automatic analysis of clinical trial eligibility criteria by digital screening, leveraging natural language processing techniques, can improve recruitment efficiency and reduce the costs involved in promoting clinical research.

Objective
We aimed to create a natural language processing model to automatically classify clinical trial eligibility criteria.

Methods
We proposed a classifier for short text eligibility criteria based on ensemble learning, where a set of pretrained models was integrated. The pretrained models included state-of-the-art deep learning methods for training and classification, including Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), XLNet, and A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach (RoBERTa). The classification results by the integrated models were combined as new features for training a Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model for eligibility criteria classification.

Results
Our proposed method obtained an accuracy of 0.846, a precision of 0.803, and a recall of 0.817 on a standard data set from a shared task of an international conference. The macro F1 value was 0.807, outperforming the state-of-the-art baseline methods on the shared task.

Conclusions
We designed a model for screening short text classification criteria for clinical trials based on multimodel ensemble learning. Through experiments, we concluded that performance was improved significantly with a model ensemble compared to a single model. The introduction of focal loss could reduce the impact of class imbalance to achieve better performance.
Evaluation of the Antiasthmatic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Trigonella Foenum Graecum on Experimental Models of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Jain Pankaj G , Patil Pramod P , Patil Sushil D , Patil Savita D , Surana Sanjay J. 
Published: March 2020

The present study deals with the phytochemical screening and evaluation of antiasthmatic activity of methanolic extract of Trigonella foenumgraecum on experimental models of bronchial asthma and anaphylaxis. The antiasthmatic activity was studied on histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pig (Dunkey-Hartley) for respiratory parameters such as maximum airflow, minimum airflow, tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute volume, specific airway resistance determination on double chambered whole body plethysmography on un-anesthetized guinea pigs, for mast cell degranulation by compound 48/80 (in vitro) was done using rat (Albino Wistar) peritoneal fluid. Trigonella foenum graecum treated result indicated significant protection against histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs at highest dose i.e. 400mg/kg. The bronchodilatory effect of Trigonella foenum graecum was found comparable to the protection offered by the standard drug Salbutamol on respiratory parameters in double chambered whole body plethysmography, Treatment with Trigonella foenum graecum at a dose of 400mg/kg showed a significant decrease in degranulation rate of actively and passively sensitized mast cells of sensitized rats when challenged with antigen. Trigonella foenum graecum. Possess significant anti-asthmatic activity due to its potential anti inflammatory, antioxidant and the antihistaminic activity, which reflects as anti-degranulating effect on mast cells and on respiratory parameters.
Keywords: Trigonella foenum graecum; asthma; mast cell; compound 48/80; histamine
Solid Dispersion: Solubility Enhancement Technique of Poorly Water Soluble Drug
Authors: Ikram , , Kumar Kapil 
Published: March 2020

Solid dispersion is a technique which is widely and successfully applied to improve the solubility, dissolution rates and consequently the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Dispersion of one or more active ingredients (hydrophobic) is done with an inert carrier (hydrophilic) at solid-state prepared by fusion method, solvent, and melting solvent method. In this review article, we have focused on the methods of preparation, advantages, disadvantages and characterization of the solid dispersions.
Keywords: Solid dispersion; dissolution; solubility.
Formulation and In-Vitro evaluation of Nanocrystal formulation of poorly soluble drugs
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Jain Alok Pal , Arora Sandeep 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:-Poor solubility of drug compounds which accounts for 40% of new molecules investigated at present is an issue of great concern in pharmaceutical industry and reducing particle size (i,e to reduce below 1000 nm )of drug candidate to be investigated is one of the simplest and efficient ways to overcome this challenge. Drug nanocrystals, solid nanosized drug particles are defined as formulation having 100% drug, which are covered by a stabilizer layer. In this study attempt was made to formulate and evaluate nanocrystals of poorly soluble drugs having low oral bioavailability. Material and method:- Nanocrystals were prepared successfully by varying concentration of different stabilizers by anti-solvent precipitation method. The formulated nanocrystals were evaluated by determining physicochemical characteristics such as physical appearance, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffractometry, solubility studies, particle size distribution, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release profile studies. Results:- An in-vitro study was performed on the successful formulation in comparison to drug powder using dissolution apparatus The particle size of RVT and PSNC-3 was found to be 1975.3 nm and 790.1 nm respectively. Conclusion: Precipitated Nanocrystals formulated with different stablizer’s method resultedin formation of small and uniform RVT nanocrystals with an improved saturation solubility, dissolution rate.
Keywords: Nanocrystal, poorly soluble drugs
Assessment of Healing Potential of Formulated Herbal Cream on Burn Wound
Authors: Shivhare Yogesh , Jain Alok Pal 
Published: March 2020

The current protocol of the study was planned to assess the healing potential of formulated herbal cream containing different medicinal plant extracts. Formulated herbal cream was containing the methanolic extract of Chenopodium album, Coccinia indica, Momordica dioica, Precitrullus fistulosus and Trichosanthes dioica with cream base. Formulated herbal cream was assessed pharmacologically for healing potential in burn wound model. The formulation showed a significantly higher contraction rate, shortened epithelialization period, better tensile strength and increase in hydroxyproline content in the burn wound model. Thus, it is concluded that formulation has the potential wound healing activity which justifying its use as wound healer.
Keywords: Formulation, Burn, Wound, Contraction
Proximate Phytochemical analysis of Corallocarpus epigaeus (Arn.) Cl rhizomes and Vernonia anthelmintica willd seeds
Authors: Kothawade Kishor A. , Siddiqui A.R. 
Published: March 2020

The proximate phytochemical analysis of Corallocarpus epigaeus (Arn.) Cl rhizomes and Vernonia anthelmintica wild seeds carried out using standard reference methods. The result shown the seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica had significant values of ash content, moisture content, total solid content and extractives as compared to C. epigaeus rhizomes. The qualitative chemical test indicated that the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, amino acids and proteins in C. epigaeus rhizomes extract while carbohydrate, flavonoid, saponin, amino acids and proteins were found in the V. anthelmintica seeds extracts. Among all the extract, aqueous extract of V. anthelmintica seeds contains highest amount of total flavonoid content followed by aqueous extract of C. epigaeus rhizomes. The presence of high secondary metabolites in the C. epigaeus (Arn.) Cl rhizomes and V. anthelmintica seeds willd seeds indicated that if the plant is subjected to further research such as identification and characterization of plant, bioactive compounds with strong biological activities may be isolated and novel compounds may also be identified.
Keywords: Ash value, extractive value, total flavonoids content.
The Isolation and Molecular Identification of Bacterial and Fungal Species from Potato Fields of Indore District of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sastiya Reena , Naqvi S.M.A. , Jain N.K. 
Published: March 2020

The microorganisms of rhizosphere play an important role in development of healthy plant. The rhizosphere is the specific fine region of soil that is directly in contact with soil microorganisms and significantly influenced by root secretions. In present study we have studied the microflora of Potato fields of Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. The sampling of soil from rhizosphere using a soil corer with a diameter of 3 cm at a depth of 0–20 cm and sampling of plant root materials as rhizoplane were collected three times: during seedling stage, peak of vegetative growth and fruiting of potato (October/November to February/March) from potato fields of Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. The samples were serial diluted and streaked over the Nutrient Agar and PDA media Plates for the isolation of Bacterial and Fungus. For the identification of Cultured bacterial and fungal species were further analyzed by morphological and Molecular analysis using PCR and sequencing of 16S and ITS region of Bacteria and Fungus species. We reported various types of bacterial (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida etc.) and fungal species (Species of Penicillium and Trichoderma etc.) which are required for the development of healthy plant and protection of potato plant from other pathogens.
Keywords: Bacterial species, Fungal species, Molecular identification, 16S Gene.
The Assessment of Early Blight Resistance in Different Variety of Solanum tuberosum and Biological Management of Early Blight
Authors: Sastiya Reena , Naqvi S.M.A. , Jain N.K. 
Published: March 2020

The early blight is a common disease in Potato caused by Alternaria species. The present work focused on two aspects, first one is to evaluate the antagonistic effect of isolated bacterial and fungal species from potato fields of Depalpur, Sanwar and Indore tehsils of Indore district of Madhya Pradesh and other side we have screened the resistant variety against Alternaria species for selected potato fields of Indore district. Isolated Bacterial and fungal species were evaluated against Alternaria species by dual culture technique. Data was collected on radial growth and inhibition of growth. For the screening of the resistant variety against Alternaria species for selected potato fields of Indore district, field visits were conducted and evaluated the morphological observation time to time. We have found all studied species of Trichoderma retarded the growth of A. solani but T. harzianum most strongly suppressed the growth of Alternaria solani and in terms of bacterial species promising antagonists were reported as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis. The Percent disease index (PDI) caused by Alternaria species in Potato plants were evaluated in Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2, Kufri Jawahar, Kufri Surya in different villages of Indore districts, We reported high Percent disease index in Kufri Chipsona-1 and Kufri Surya followed by Kufri Chipsona-2 but it was recorded lower in Kufri Jawahar.
Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2, Kufri Jawahar, Kufri Surya, Early blight resistance
Campbell's (2013) Historical Linguistics: A Critical Review
Authors: Jassem Zaidan Ali 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this paper is to provide a radical critical review of Lyle Campbell’s (2013) Historical linguistics: An introduction, (3nd edn.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. More precisely, it gives an overview, survey, and critique of the main topics, principles, and theories which the work covers. My review is based on using it as the main textbook for ENGL 358 Historical Linguistics for over 5 years where the students say ‘it’s frightening’.
ТОСКА, czyli jak się mówi o smutku po rosyjsku i po polsku (na wybranych przykładach literackich)
Authors: Styrcz-Przebinda Leokadia 
Published: March 2020

The article focuses on ways of expressing sadness in Russian and Polish, particularly on the
features of the linguo-cultural concept of ТОСКА, which is difficult to express in translation.
Selected translation decisions are analysed of quotations from literary classics from various
epochs, such as Maria Dąbrowska, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz or Aleksander Wat – as translators
of Chekhov. Some examples from Old Russian and Romantic epochs are discussed too in
Julian Tuwim’s translation into Polish and Wilhelm Lewik’s into Russian. It is confirmed that
for some concepts, such as ТОСКА, ДУША, СУДЬБА, no corresponding ones exist in other
languages and other linguo-cultural equivalents need to be proposed.
Environmental Pressure from Pig Farming to Surface Water Quality Management in Yen Dung District Bac Giang Province
Authors: An Ngo The , Lan Ngo Phuong , Cong Vo Huu , Duong Nong Huu , Huong Giang Nguyen Thi 
Published: March 2020

This study focuses on the environmental pressure of waste generated from pig farming in Yen Dung district. Terrain analysis of the digital elevation model (DEM) was used to delineate the sub-basin map where pollutants accumulated. Then we combined this map with land use map and statistical data for determining the distribution of pollutant discharged sources. Based on the pollution load coefficient prescribed by the Vietnam Environment Administration, the loads from all sources, including pig farming, were estimated for entire sub-basins within the district. The results show that the pollutant load from pig farming accounts for a large proportion and creates a major pressure on the local environment. The pollutant from pig farming greatly influences the spatial distribution of pollutant loads across sub-basins. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the waste management at pig farms (households and farm) to ensure the effectiveness of the environmental protection for the communities.
Keywords: livestock waste, pollutant load mapping, pig farming.
Preliminary Investigation of CO2 Sequestration by Chlorella sorokiniana TH01 in Single and Sequential Photobioreactors
Authors: Cam Van Do Thi , Thuan Tran Dang , Tung Nguyen Quang 
Published: March 2020

Increasing accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere mainly caused by fossil fuels combustion of human activities have resulted in adverse global warming. Therefore, searching for treatment methods for effective utilization of CO2 have received a great attention worldwide. Among various methods (e.g., adsorption, absorption, storage, membrane technologies, etc.) have been developed and applied, the sequestration of CO2 using microalgae has recently emerged as an alternatively sustainable approach. In this work, a green microalgal strain Chlorella sorokiniana TH01 was used to investigate its capability in sequestration of CO2 in laboratory scale. Results indicated that the C. sorokiniana TH01 grew well under a wide range of CO2 concentration from 0.04% to 20% with maximum growth was achieved under CO2 aeration of 15%. In a single photobioreactor (PBR) with 10 min empty bed residence time (EBRT), the C. sorokiniana TH01 only achieved CO2 fixation efficiency of 6.33% under continuous aeration of 15% CO2. Increasing number of PBRs to 15 and connected in a sequence enhanced mean CO2 fixation efficiency up to 82.64%. Moreover, the CO2 fixation efficiency was stable in the range of 78.67 to 91.34% in 10 following days of the cultivation. Removal efficiency of NO3--N and PO43--P reached 82.54 – 90.25% and 95.33 – 98.02%, respectively. Our trial data demonstrated that the C. sorokiniana TH01 strain is a promising microalgal for further research in simultaneous CO2 mitigation via CO2 sequestration from flue gas as well as nutrients recycling from wastewaters.
Keywords: Carbon dioxide, C. sorokiniana TH01, Photobioreactors, Sequestration, Nutrients removal.