bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildfire management decisions outweigh mechanical treatment as the keystone to forest landscape adaptation
Authors: Furniss Tucker J. , Povak Nicholas , Hessburg Paul F. , Salter R. Brion , Duan Zhuoran , Wigmosta Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Modern land management faces unprecedented uncertainty regarding future climates, novel disturbance regimes, and unanticipated ecological feedbacks. Mitigating this uncertainty requires a cohesive landscape management strategy that utilizes multiple methods to optimize benefits while hedging risks amidst uncertain futures. We used a process-based landscape simulation model (LANDIS-II) to forecast forest management, growth, climate effects, and future wildfire dynamics, and we distilled results using a decision support tool allowing us to examine tradeoffs between alternative management strategies. We developed plausible future management scenarios based on factorial combinations of restoration-oriented thinning prescriptions, prescribed fire, and wildland fire use. Results were assessed continuously for a 100-year simulation period, which provided a unique assessment of tradeoffs and benefits among seven primary topics representing social, ecological, and economic aspects of resilience.

Results
Projected climatic changes had a substantial impact on modeled wildfire activity. In the Wildfire Only scenario (no treatments, but including active wildfire and climate change), we observed an upwards inflection point in area burned around mid-century (2060) that had detrimental impacts on total landscape carbon storage. While simulated mechanical treatments (~ 3% area per year) reduced the incidence of high-severity fire, it did not eliminate this inflection completely. Scenarios involving wildland fire use resulted in greater reductions in high-severity fire and a more linear trend in cumulative area burned. Mechanical treatments were beneficial for subtopics under the economic topic given their positive financial return on investment, while wildland fire use scenarios were better for ecological subtopics, primarily due to a greater reduction in high-severity fire. Benefits among the social subtopics were mixed, reflecting the inevitability of tradeoffs in landscapes that we rely on for diverse and countervailing ecosystem services.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that optimal future scenarios will involve a mix of active and passive management strategies, allowing different management tactics to coexist within and among ownerships classes. Our results also emphasize the importance of wildfire management decisions as central to building more robust and resilient future landscapes.
Effect of pyrolytic temperature on the adsorption of Pb(II) from synthetic wastewater onto bamboo chopstick biochar: a conventional vs. microwave-assisted pyrolysis approach
Authors: Mabaso Thembeka , Lo Shang-Lien , Chiueh Pei-Te 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of different pyrolytic temperatures on Pb(II) adsorption from synthetic wastewater using waste bamboo chopsticks (BCs) produced via conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Eleven biochars were prepared and characterized using Brunauer‒Emmett‒Teller analysis, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thereafter, the selected biochars were further analyzed through batch adsorption studies. The influence of adsorbent dose, initial Pb(II) concentration, and contact time on the removal of Pb(II) from synthetic wastewater was studied. For the adsorbent dose, good removal efficiencies and adsorption capacities were observed at an adsorbent dose of 2 g L−1 and at an initial concentration of 50 mg L−1. For the initial Pb(II) concentration, high adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies were observed at 50 mg L−1 for concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 mg L−1. The contact time reached equilibrium within 24 h, where BC 450 W had the highest removal efficiency of 99.9%. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model best represented the adsorption of Pb(II) onto biochar, with the highest qm of 81 mg g−1 at R2 = 0.978. Pseudo-second-order kinetics provided the best overall fit for the adsorption kinetics of the biochars, with R2 = 1.00 for BC 450 W and BC 700 °C. Among the many chemisorption processes identified in previous studies, surface complexation has been identified as a possible adsorption mechanism for Pb(II) on the biochars produced. BC biochar could be a sustainable means for remediating polluted mine water and managing waste.
Blurring the lines: an empirical examination of the interrelationships among acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility
Authors: Fehlberg Zoe , Stark Zornitza , Klaic Marlena , Best Stephanie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility are established implementation outcomes used to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of an intervention. Further, they are thought to provide insight into behaviors, such as adoption. To date, measurement instruments for the three outcomes have focused on their individual assessment whilst nodding to the idea that they may interrelate. Despite this acknowledgment, there is little empirical evidence of the association among these constructs. Using the example of genetic health professionals providing additional genomic results to patients, this study aimed to examine the interrelationships among acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.

Methods
A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was employed. All genetic counsellors and clinical geneticists involved in a large research program were invited to complete pre/post surveys using existing measures of acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Follow-up interviews, informed by the survey results, explored clinicians’ perspectives of the three outcomes in relation to providing additional genomic results to patients. To categorize interrelationships and generate feedback loops, survey data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation statistics and interpreted alongside interview data analyzed using content analysis.

Results
The survey results (pre n = 53 and post n = 40) for each outcome showed a similar midpoint mean, wide ranges, and little change post implementation (Acceptability: pre M = 3.55, range 2–5 post M = 3.56, range 1.5–5; Appropriateness: pre M = 3.35, range 1–5, post M = 3.48, range 1–5; Feasibility: pre M = 3.30, post M = 3.32; range 1.25–5). The strength of correlation among outcomes ranged from 0.54 to 0.78. Five interrelationships were categorized from analysis of interview data (n = 14) and explain how clinicians’ perceptions of the intervention, positive or negative, were determined by interrelating factors of acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility and that in different scenarios, the function and emphasis of importance among outcomes switched.

Conclusions
Rather than existing separately, our study promotes the need to consider interrelationships among acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility to better characterize clinicians’ perceptions of complex health care interventions and aid in the development of implementation strategies that have real world impact. Further, in the interest of reducing research waste, more research is needed to determine if the outcomes could serve as proxies for each other.
A study protocol for the policy intervention design and development of the implementation strategies for direct access to physiotherapists in primary care: a sequential mixed-method study using implementation mapping and a Delphi survey
Authors: Yeoh Eng Kiong , Yam Carrie Ho Kwan , Ip Ethan Ming Yin , Chow Tsz Yu , Hung Chi Tim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
In many Asian jurisdictions, patients are required to obtain referrals from registered doctors before consulting physiotherapists. In contrast, countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have a direct access model for physiotherapists designed across different healthcare settings and under prescribed conditions. While research has demonstrated the benefits of direct access, issues remain on the appropriate policy design for direct access in the context of patient safety and organizational challenges in the implementation. Recently the policy to allow direct access in primary care context is being considered in Hong Kong. This study aims to examine the intervention design options for the policy of direct access to physiotherapists and identify corresponding implementation strategies, to inform the appropriate intervention design for direct access to physiotherapists and the implementation strategies.

Methods
We adopt a systematic process for developing the design of the policy and the implementation strategies using an Implementation Mapping approach informed by Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We will conduct literature reviews to understand the different aspects of policy intervention design and employ qualitative in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to understand key stakeholders’ perspectives related to the direct access model. The identified barriers and facilitators associated with policy implementation of an acceptable intervention design will inform the development of an effective implementation strategy tailored to the implementation context. Our approach will involve mapping the research evidence and the subsequent findings from the stakeholders’ deliberations into the CFIR domains and referencing the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) to develop the acceptable intervention characteristics and the corresponding implementation strategies. These insights will be further validated in a Delphi Expert Survey, for a consensus-based approach.

Discussion
This study employs a sequential mixed-method approach to explore the intervention characteristics for an acceptable intervention design in the policy formulation and the corresponding implementation strategy for direct access to physiotherapists. Integrating research insights into actionable policy recommendations and refining these recommendations in a Delphi Survey will inform the appropriate policy intervention design and implementation strategy for direct access to physiotherapy services.
Virtuous spaces, virtual places: institutionalizing values on ethical consumerism in the Indian toy industry through field-configuring events
Authors: Nath Saheli 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFocusing on India's toy industry, this study investigates how field-configuring events facilitate the institutionalization of ethical consumerism in emerging markets. Through virtual ethnographic analysis of the First India Toy Fair 2021, we examine how digital platforms enable institutional change processes. Drawing on institutional theory, we identify three key mechanisms through which the fair shaped ethical consumption practices: normative space creation, regulatory framework development, and cultural-cognitive meaning making. The fair served as a platform where stakeholders collectively defined ethical practices, negotiated quality standards, and legitimated traditional production methods within contemporary sustainability discourse. Our findings reveal how virtual field-configuring events can transcend geographical boundaries to enable broader participation in institutional change processes, while also highlighting the complex interplay between traditional craft values and modern market demands. The study demonstrates how traditional practices can provide templates for sustainable production while meeting contemporary consumer expectations. These insights contribute to understanding how ethical markets are moralized in emerging economies and how virtual spaces can support the preservation and evolution of traditional craft sectors.
Effect of shockwave therapy on plantar fasciitis in postnatal women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rahman Yomna M. Abd El , Emara Hala H. , Samir Sameh H. , El-Shafei Manal A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a widespread foot issue that can be especially frustrating during pregnancy; it is accompanied by pain in the heel, falling, disability, and reduced quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to explore the efficacy of shockwave therapy (SWT) on PF in postnatal women.

Material and methods
Forty-four postnatal women with PF were randomly distributed into two groups equal in number. Group (A) was given analgesic drugs (Ibuprofen 200 mg, one tablet/day) and performed plantar fascia-stretching exercises only for 6 weeks, while group (B) followed the same treatment as group (A) plus SWT, twice weekly for 6 weeks. All participating women in both groups were evaluated pre- and post-treatment through the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) to evaluate pain intensity levels, the Foot Function Index (FFI) to evaluate foot pain and disability related to PF, and the Six-Minute Walk Test (SMWT) to evaluate the functional exercise capacity and QoL of the affected women.

Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in all outcomes post-treatment (p = 0.001). Group B demonstrated superior improvements in NPRS (p = 0.001), FFI (p = 0.022), and SMWT (p = 0.001) compared to group A.

Conclusion
Shockwave therapy is a beneficial method for reducing pain intensity, enhancing foot functional level, and improving QoL of postpartum women with plantar fasciitis.
Longitudinal Testing of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Basu Arnab , Au Cherry , Kommalapati Ajitha , Kandala Hyndavi , Sudhaman Sumedha , Mahmood Tamara , Carson Carcia , Pajak Natalia , Dutta Punashi , Calhoun Mark , Malhotra Meenakshi , ElNaggar Adam C. , Liu Minetta C. , Ferguson III James , Peyton Charles , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Tan Alan 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has shown promise as a biomarker for treatment response monitoring (TRM) in a variety of tumor types, with the potential to improve clinical outcomes. We evaluated ctDNA status and dynamics during surveillance and as part of TRM with clinical outcomes in both patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and non–clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) treated with standard-of-care immunotherapy or targeted therapy regimens.

METHODS
This was a multicenter retrospective analysis of real-world data obtained from commercial ctDNA testing (Signatera, Natera, Inc) in patients with metastatic RCC. Clinical data were collected on International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk category, pathologic subtype, and grade.

RESULTS

The cohort comprised 92 patients (490 plasma samples) including both clear cell and non–clear cell histological subtypes (ccRCC: 79.3%; nccRCC: 14.1%; unclassified: 6.5%). Most of the patients belonged to the IMDC intermediate-risk category (75%, 69/92). Median follow-up was 10 months (range, 4.2-25.8). ctDNA dynamics were assessed in 56 patients on treatment, and ctDNA status was analyzed in the surveillance cohort (n = 32 patients). Serial ctDNA negativity or clearance correlated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with those who became or were persistently ctDNA positive on therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 3.2;
P
= .012). In the surveillance cohort, patients with positive ctDNA longitudinally experienced significantly inferior PFS (HR, 18;
P
= .00026) compared with those who were serially negative.

CONCLUSION
Collectively, we show that serial ctDNA monitoring provides prognostic information for patients undergoing treatment or surveillance, and our findings demonstrate high concordance between ctDNA status/dynamics and subsequent clinical outcomes.
What Can Dialectics Change in the System?
Authors: Chukhrov Keti 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article maps the differences in the application of systems method in Marxist dialectics, cybernetics, and poststructuralism. It studies the impact of algorithmic rationality on the speculative lexicons of philosophy—especially when philosophical dialectics is defined as nothing more than quasi-cybernetic recursivity. According to Yuk Hui, the decline of philosophy and dialectics can be contested only by second-order cybernetics as the proper successor of philosophical speculation. To dispute this bold assumption, the article embarks on a comparative inquiry into the systemic method in Marx’s political economy, cybernetics, and poststructuralism, respectively. Reference to the comparative analysis of systems method and Marxist dialectics by Igor Blauberg and Eric Yudin allows one to challenge the thesis according to which the preconditions of dialectics can be developed in the frame of cybernetic recursivity. It enables one to go farther in demonstrating the differences between the Marxist application of systems, which includes dialectical procedures and genesis, and cybernetic systematics, in which these procedures are redundant. Lev Vygotsky, Evald Ilyenkov, and Merab Mamardashvili are brought in as the exemplary methodists who elaborate Marxist methodology to encompass genesis and dialectical difference within systemic abstraction.
Flood Dashing against the Temple of the Dragon King
Authors: Zhang Zhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Toward the end of the 1950s, China and the Soviet Union were heading down two different paths, ultimately leading to the disastrous Sino-Soviet split. The Sino-Soviet film coproduction Wind from the East (Feng cong dongfang lai 風從東方來, 1959), a film to celebrate the ten-year anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, inadvertently captures such a historical transition. Situating the film in the context of transnational ecocinemas, this article looks into the relationship between natural disasters and Sino-Soviet brotherhood in 1959. The author argues that the film captures a somewhat ambiguous Sino-Soviet bond under threat, oscillating between a nostalgic communist internationalism, on the one hand, and, on the other, a rising and subtle Chinese nationalism. The ecological crises, flooding in particular, serve as an unpronounced and unspecified threat to the Sino-Soviet brotherhood, which could be annihilated by the Sino-Soviet bond. The film captures a moment of natural and political, propagandistic and aesthetic “climate change,” pointing to a future of Sino-Soviet cooperation without sacrificing the Chinese national interests.
High-performance all-fiber-integrated perovskite photodetector based on FA0.4MA0.6PbI3
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Miao Yinping , Liu Jie , Ma Chenghong , Fan Yanqi , Zhao Chaoyuan , Li Xiaolan 
Published: December 2024

The performance of an all-fiber-integrated photodetector (AFPD) depends on the integration of the active layer, where FA0.4MA0.6PbI3 emerges as a promising candidate due to its high absorbance, long carrier diffusion distance, and self-assembly. In this study, we report an AFPD based on FA0.4MA0.6PbI3 perovskite, along with thickness design for enhancement. The active layer of the AFPD is regarded as a thin-film waveguide for thickness design. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate the presence of resonance mode, enhancing and confining the light field even in a thinned active layer. An FA0.4MA0.6PbI3 based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector is directly deposited onto a side-polished multimode fiber (SP-MMF). The transmitted light in fiber leaks from the core to the MSM photodetector through the polished surface of SP-MMF, inducing a detection response. Experimental results demonstrate that the device achieves a responsivity of 3.2 A/W to 650 nm light, with both rising and falling edges of the response time reaching 8 ms. The proposed AFPD and method exhibit potential to simultaneously achieve high responsivity, fast response, and low insertion loss, providing a reliable solution for high-performance photodetection.
Inter-rater reliability in labeling quality and pathological features of retinal OCT scans: A customized annotation software approach
Authors: Du Katherine , Shah Stavan , Bollepalli Sandeep Chandra , Ibrahim Mohammed Nasar , Gadari Adarsh , Sutharahan Shan , Sahel José-Alain , Chhablani Jay , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
Various imaging features on optical coherence tomography (OCT) are crucial for identifying and defining disease progression. Establishing a consensus on these imaging features is essential, particularly for training deep learning models for disease classification. This study aims to analyze the inter-rater reliability in labeling the quality and common imaging signatures of retinal OCT scans.

Methods
500 OCT scans obtained from CIRRUS HD-OCT 5000 devices were displayed at 512x1024x128 resolution on a customizable, in-house annotation software. Each patient’s eye was represented by 16 random scans. Two masked reviewers independently labeled the quality and specific pathological features of each scan. Evaluated features included overall image quality, presence of fovea, and disease signatures including subretinal fluid (SRF), intraretinal fluid (IRF), drusen, pigment epithelial detachment (PED), and hyperreflective material. The raw percentage agreement and Cohen’s kappa (κ) coefficient were used to evaluate concurrence between the two sets of labels.

Results
Our analysis revealed κ = 0.60 for the inter-rater reliability of overall scan quality, indicating substantial agreement. In contrast, there was slight agreement in determining the cause of poor image quality (κ = 0.18). The binary determination of presence and absence of retinal disease signatures showed almost complete agreement between reviewers (κ = 0.85). Specific retinal pathologies, such as the foveal location of the scan (0.78), IRF (0.63), drusen (0.73), and PED (0.87), exhibited substantial concordance. However, less agreement was found in identifying SRF (0.52), hyperreflective dots (0.41), and hyperreflective foci (0.33).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates significant inter-rater reliability in labeling the quality and retinal pathologies on OCT scans. While some features show stronger agreement than others, these standardized labels can be utilized to create automated machine learning tools for diagnosing retinal diseases and capturing valuable pathological features in each scan. This standardization will aid in the consistency of medical diagnoses and enhance the accessibility of OCT diagnostic tools.