bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between trajectories of personal growth initiative and post‐traumatic stress after Hurricane Harvey: A latent growth mixture modeling approach
Authors: Shigemoto Yuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudies examining the association between personal growth initiative (PGI) and post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have often utilized cross‐sectional research designs, and as a result, the changes in the levels of PGI and its association with the trajectory of PTSS remain unclear. The current study aimed to (1) explore the different trajectories in both PGI and PTSS and (2) examine the associations of the identified trajectories between PGI and PTSS among individuals. The final sample were 419 adults who were physically residing in the area when Hurricane Harvey made landfall on 26 August 2017. The initial data collection occurred approximately 16 months after the Hurricane, and participants were asked to participate again after 1‐ and 3‐month later. A result from the latent growth mixture modeling revealed that for PGI, the 4‐class model was the best‐fitting model, and for PTSS, the 3‐class model was the best‐fitting model. When examining the association between the trajectories of PGI and PSS, individuals classified to higher PGI subgroups were more likely to be associated with the Recovery PTSS subgroup. The current study suggests that disaster survivors with higher PGI were more likely to recover from PTSS, raising an importance of incorporating PGI to alleviate future PTSS.
Electroless Deposition of Ni–Fe Alloys on Scaffolds for 3D Nanomagnetism
Authors: Pip Petai , Donnelly Claire , Döbeli Max , Gunderson Christopher , Heyderman Laura J. , Philippe Laetitia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract3D magnetic nanostructures are of great interest due to the possibility to design novel properties and the benefits for both technological applications such as high‐density data storage, as well as more fundamental studies. One of the main challenges facing the realization of these three‐dimensional systems is their fabrication, which includes the deposition of magnetic materials on 3D surfaces. In this work, the electroless deposition of Ni–Fe on a 3D‐printed, non‐conductive microstructure is presented. The deposited films exhibit low coercivity, with the saturation magnetization and composition corresponding to the archetypal soft magnetic material permalloy. For fundamental studies of 3D micromagnetism, this new development in fabrication offers the possibility to combine the flexibility of 3D nanofabrication techniques such as two‐photon lithography for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds with a homogeneous soft ferromagnetic thin film, and thus represents an important step toward exploring the rich physics of complex 3D magnetic architectures with tailored properties and the development of advanced applications.
Requirements for Animal Experiments: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Fontana Flavia , Figueiredo Patrícia , Martins João P. , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn vivo models remain a principle screening tool in the drug discovery pipeline. Here, the challenges associated with the need for animal experiments, as well as their impact on research, individual/societal, and economic contexts are discussed. A number of alternatives that, with further development, optimization, and investment, may replace animal experiments are also revised.
The Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching, and Learning: A National‐Scale Network to Prepare STEM Future Faculty
Authors: Mathieu Robert D. , Austin Ann E. , Barnicle Katherine A. , Campa Henry , McLinn Colleen M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes a successful approach for the preparation of future faculty to implement and advance effective teaching practices for diverse learners, currently implemented at nearly 40 graduate universities in the United States and Canada.
The Quest for Innovation: Addressing User Needs and Value Creation
Authors: Campos Hugo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn agricultural and agrifood systems, like in many other economic sectors, the main innovation drivers have traditionally been (1) technological advances and (2) research and development. When innovation fails to address the actual needs of clients and end-users, however, satisfaction gaps are created. The result is that investors receive insufficient returns and end-users receive less than expected value. The consequences of failure can be deeper than just financial, however. Successful innovation in agriculture and agrifood systems is critical to secure affordable, nutritious, and safe food for all people. Rapid innovation is needed to address the serious challenge of climate change and to reduce agriculture’s global environmental footprint. The overarching goal of agricultural innovation should be to deliver high value to end-users and improve their quality of life and well-being. To achieve this goal, organizations must first understand the jobs to be done concept for their end-users. They must take into account user satisfaction gaps and frustrations. Understanding user needs is as important as producing technology to finding innovative solutions. This is true around the globe; in industry and public sectors, and in both developed and developing countries. This chapter explains why investing in innovation is very different from succeeding at it. Ultimately, the examples, ideas, and guidelines in this chapter can be brought to bear on agricultural innovation efforts (and any other economic sector), to make them more productive and worthwhile for end-users and investors/funders. The information herein is meant to increase the likelihood of successful innovation efforts at both profit-seeking firms and nonprofit organizations.
Development of Sustainable Business Models for Innovation in the Swedish Agri-sector: Resource-Effective Producer or Stewardship-Based Entrepreneur?
Authors: Ulvenblad Per-Ola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the development of sustainable business models for innovation in the Swedish agri-sector. This is important for several reasons. Many of society’s challenges are linked to social, environmental and economic aspects of agriculture, and numerous agri-companies have been reduced to subcontractors with little influence, and are struggling with low profitability.Previous research regarding agri-companies have mainly focused on production and cost-efficiency aspects. Research regarding sustainable innovation and sustainable business models in the agri-sector is limited to date. To fill in this gap, the aim of this chapter is to illustrate and analyse how Swedish agri-companies develop sustainable business models. An integrated theoretical framework combining research regarding sustainability-oriented innovation and sustainable business model archetypes has been developed in order to collect and analyse the eight agri-companies in the study.Swedish agri-companies focus not only on optimization but also on their organizational transformation and systems building when developing sustainable innovation. They have developed diversified business models. A common, important factor is to adopt stewardship roles. Further, the value intention of agri-entrepreneurs is a relevant factor when developing sustainable business models.
Innovating at Marketing and Distributing Nutritious Foods at the Base of the Pyramid (BoP): Insights from 2SCALE, the Largest Incubator for Inclusive Agribusiness in Africa
Authors: van Dijk Niek , van der Velde Nick , Macharia Janet , Pipim Kwame Ntim , Shimeles Hiwot 
Published: October 2020

AbstractToward Sustainable Clusters in Agribusiness through Learning in Entrepreneurship (2SCALE) is the largest incubator for inclusive agribusiness in Africa. Part of this program supports agribusinesses in developing nutritious products that specifically target base of the pyramid (BoP) consumers in local markets. This product development process is complemented with marketing and distribution strategies to ensure these products reach BoP consumers. In an effort to build sustainable and scalable business cases, all strategies are first tested and implemented in short-term pilots. The lessons learned during the implementation of these pilots are presented in this chapter.The goal of this chapter is to showcase the approach, results, and lessons learned while implementing pilots. Under the 2SCALE program, more than 20 agribusinesses have developed new nutritious products and have run marketing and distribution pilots. The lessons derived from this experience can be useful for both agribusinesses themselves and incubating programs.The first section of this chapter highlights the opportunity at the BoP and the rationale behind implementing pilots, including the importance of BoP-specific marketing and distribution strategies. The second one runs through the approach and stages of developing and implementing pilots. This section is followed by an overview of tools and strategies being used in pilot development, whereas the final two sections explain lessons learned and the next steps.
Lepton Flavor Violation at muon-electron colliders
Authors: Bossi Fabio , Ciafaloni Paolo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lepton Flavor Violating (LFV) processes are clear signals of physics beyond the Standard Model. We investigate the possibility of measuring this kind of processes at present and foreseeable future muon-electron colliders, taking into account present day bounds from existing experiments. As a model of new physics we consider a Z’ boson with a Ut(1) gauge symmetry and generic couplings. Processes that violate lepton flavor by two units seem to be particularly promising.
Inverse moment of the Bs-meson distribution amplitude from QCD sum rule
Authors: Khodjamirian Alexander , Mandal Rusa , Mannel Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We derive a QCD sum rule for the inverse moment of the Bs-meson light-cone distribution amplitude in HQET. Within this method, the SU(3)f l symmetry violation is traced to the strange quark mass and to the difference between strange and nonstrange quark condensate densities. We predict the ratio of inverse moments λBs/λB = 1.19 ± 0.14 which can be used in various applications of these distribution amplitudes to the analyses of Bs-meson decays, provided an accurate value of λB is available from other sources, such as the B → ℓνℓγ decay.
Ruelle Zeta Function from Field Theory
Authors: Hadfield Charles , Kandel Santosh , Schiavina Michele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe propose a field-theoretic interpretation of Ruelle zeta function and show how it can be seen as the partition function forBFtheory when an unusual gauge-fixing condition on contact manifolds is imposed. This suggests an alternative rephrasing of a conjecture due to Fried on the equivalence between Ruelle zeta function and analytic torsion, in terms of homotopies of Lagrangian submanifolds.
Technological Solutions and Contested Interpretations of Scientific Results: Risk Assessment of Diesel Emissions in the United States and in West Germany, 1977–1995
Authors: Neumaier Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article traces the different classifications of diesel emissions either as “safe” or as “hazardous” in the US and in West Germany between 1977 and 1995. It argues that the environmental regulation of diesel emissions was a political threshold. It contributes to our general understanding of how politicians, environmental lobbyists, scientists, and engineers constructed the standards and norms that defined the “safe” limit of environmental pollutants. After discussing how diesel emissions came under review as a potential carcinogen, I will show that the coding as “safe” or as “hazardous” resulted from negotiations that were entirely dependent on the temporal, geographical, and intellectual contexts in which diesel technology, scientific research on their emissions, and political regulation were embedded. In particular, I trace the differences in German and US regulatory policy. While US regulation relied more on epidemiology that provided only weak data on the carcinogenicity of diesel particulates in the early 1980s, German government agencies tended to base their policy around the mid-1980s more on the results of animal tests and shortly afterwards also on epidemiology. Furthermore, the article reveals how US and German automakers tried to foster doubt on the carcinogenicity of diesel emissions and how their approaches differed and shifted. Thereby, it sheds light on the triangular relationship between technology, science, and politics in regulatory processes by analyzing the different roles of the state, automakers, scientists, and environmental agencies in Germany and in the United States.
Increased immunosuppression impairs tissue homeostasis with aging and age-related diseases
Authors: Salminen Antero 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChronic low-grade inflammation is a common hallmark of the aging process and many age-related diseases. There is substantial evidence that persistent inflammation is associated with a compensatory anti-inflammatory response which prevents excessive tissue damage. Interestingly, the inflammatory state encountered with aging, called inflammaging, is associated with the anti-inflammaging process. The age-related activation of immunosuppressive network includes an increase in the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg), and macrophages (Mreg/M2c). Immunosuppressive cells secrete several anti-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., TGF-β and IL-10, as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Moreover, immunosuppressive cells suppress the function of effector immune cells by catabolizingl-arginine and tryptophan through the activation of arginase 1 (ARG1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), respectively. Unfortunately, the immunosuppressive armament also induces harmful bystander effects in neighboring cells by impairing host tissue homeostasis. For instance, TGF-β signaling can trigger many age-related degenerative changes, e.g., cellular senescence, fibrosis, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, and the degeneration of the extracellular matrix. In addition, changes in the levels of ROS, RNS, and the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway can impair tissue homeostasis. This review will examine in detail the harmful effects of the immunosuppressive cells on host tissues. It seems that this age-related immunosuppression prevents inflammatory damage but promotes the tissue degeneration associated with aging and age-related diseases.Key messages• Low-grade inflammation is associated with the aging process and age-related diseases.• Persistent inflammation activates compensatory immunosuppression with aging.• The numbers of immunosuppressive cells increase with aging and age-related diseases.• Immunosuppressive mechanisms evoke harmful bystander effects in host tissues.• Immunosuppression promotes tissue degeneration with aging and age-related diseases.
Immuntherapie und Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren beim metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom in der First-line-Therapie – Wann welche Strategie?
Authors: Mickisch G. , Peters I. , Grüllich C. , Mudra T. , Doehn C. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungImmuntherapien mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren haben beim metastasierten klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinom (mRCC) zu einem Paradigmenwechsel geführt und einen neuen Standard in der Erstlinie etabliert. Einschließlich der bekannten Monotherapie mit Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren ist das Spektrum an medikamentösen Therapieoptionen somit breiter geworden. In diesem Beitrag sollen anhand der aktuellen Studiendaten sowie Leitlinienempfehlungen mögliche Faktoren zur individuellen Therapieplanung in der Erstlinie des mRCC diskutiert werden. Hierbei ist das wichtigste Leitkriterium das Risikoprofil. Daneben sind Effektivität und Verträglichkeit der Substanzen, sowie Tumorlast, Alter und Präferenzen der Patienten sowie Überlegungen zur Sequenztherapie für die Therapiewahl ausschlaggebend. Real-world-Daten für die neuen Kombinationstherapien, Biomarker für eine personalisierte Medizin sowie Studien zur optimalen Sequenztherapie beim mRCC werden benötigt.
Type 1 diabetes can present before the age of 6 months and is characterised by autoimmunity and rapid loss of beta cells
Authors: Johnson Matthew B. , Patel Kashyap A. , De Franco Elisa , Hagopian William , Killian Michael , McDonald Timothy J. , Tree Timothy I. M. , Domingo-Vila Clara , Hudson Michelle , Hammersley Suzanne , Dobbs Rebecca ,   EXE-T1D Consortium, Ellard Sian , Flanagan Sarah E. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Oram Richard A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Diabetes diagnosed at <6 months of age is usually monogenic. However, 10–15% of affected infants do not have a pathogenic variant in one of the 26 known neonatal diabetes genes. We characterised infants diagnosed at <6 months of age without a pathogenic variant to assess whether polygenic type 1 diabetes could arise at early ages.

Methods
We studied 166 infants diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at <6 months of age in whom pathogenic variants in all 26 known genes had been excluded and compared them with infants with monogenic neonatal diabetes (n = 164) or children with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at 6–24 months of age (n = 152). We assessed the type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1D-GRS), islet autoantibodies, C-peptide and clinical features.

Results
We found an excess of infants with high T1D-GRS: 38% (63/166) had a T1D-GRS >95th centile of healthy individuals, whereas 5% (8/166) would be expected if all were monogenic (p < 0.0001). Individuals with a high T1D-GRS had a similar rate of autoantibody positivity to that seen in individuals with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at 6–24 months of age (41% vs 58%, p = 0.2), and had markedly reduced C-peptide levels (median <3 pmol/l within 1 year of diagnosis), reflecting rapid loss of insulin secretion. These individuals also had reduced birthweights (median z score −0.89), which were lowest in those diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at <3 months of age (median z score −1.98).

Conclusions/interpretation
We provide strong evidence that type 1 diabetes can present before the age of 6 months based on individuals with this extremely early-onset diabetes subtype having the classic features of childhood type 1 diabetes: high genetic risk, autoimmunity and rapid beta cell loss. The early-onset association with reduced birthweight raises the possibility that for some individuals there was reduced insulin secretion in utero. Comprehensive genetic testing for all neonatal diabetes genes remains essential for all individuals diagnosed with diabetes at <6 months of age.
Indirect cutting tool wear classification using deep learning and chip colour analysis
Authors: Pagani Luca , Parenti Paolo , Cataldo Salvatore , Scott Paul J. , Annoni Massimiliano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the growing Industry 4.0 market, there is strong need to implement automatic inspection methods to support manufacturing processes. Tool wear in turning is one of the biggest concerns that most expert operators are able to indirectly infer through the analysis of the removed chips. Automatising this operation would enable developing more efficient cutting processes that turns in easier process planning management toward the Zero Defect Manufacturing paradigm. This paper presents a deep learning approach, based on image processing applied to turning chips for indirectly identifying tool wear levels. The procedure extracts different indicators from the RGB and HSV image channels and instructs a neural network for classifying the chips, based on tool state conditions. Images were collected with a high-resolution digital camera during an experimental cutting campaign involving tool wear analysis with direct microscope imaging. The sensitivity analysis confirmed that the most sensible image channels are the hue valueHthat were used to teach the network, leading to performances in the range of 95 of proper classification. The feasibility of the deep learning approach for indirectly understanding the tool wear from the chip colour characterisation is confirmed. However, due to the big effects on chip colours of variables as the workpiece material and cutting process parameters, the applicability is limited to stable production flows. An industrial implementation can be foreseen by populating proper large databases and by implementing real-time chip segmentation analysis.
A thermomechanically motivated approach for identification of flow stress properties in metal cutting
Authors: Ertürk Ahmet Semih , Malakizadi Amir , Larsson Ragnar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a novel thermomechanically coupled distributed primary deformation zone model to assist the inverse identification of Johnson-Cook material parameters to be used for machining simulations. A special feature of the enhanced model is that the assumed stress field is temperature-dependent, where the thermomechanical coupling governs the stress and temperature distributions across the primary shear zone to describe the thermal softening effect. By using stress, strain, strain rate, and temperature distributions from the thermomechanically enhanced model, Johnson-Cook material parameters are calibrated for orthogonal cutting tests of C38, 42CrMo4, and AA6082 materials where continuous chip formation prevails. The performance of the parameters is compared with that of a wider set of cutting tests using finite element simulations. The results show that the thermomechanically motivated model yields closer results to experiments in terms of cutting force and chip thickness (9% and 34% difference, respectively) compared with the original thermally uncoupled model (47% and 92% difference, respectively). Identification of the material parameters by this method focuses directly on the orthogonal cutting test and it does not require many experiments or simulations. In fact, the proposed methodology is computationally robust and cost-efficient which makes it preferable compared with other methods which are more accurate but highly time-consuming.
Bleeding and thromboembolism due to drug-drug interactions with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants—a Swedish, register-based cohort study in atrial fibrillation outpatients
Authors: Holm Johan , Mannheimer Buster , Malmström Rickard E , Eliasson Erik , Lindh Jonatan D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To study the association between interacting drugs and bleeding or thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation outpatients treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs).

Methods
Population-based cohort study of outpatients treated with NOACs in Sweden from 2008 to 2017. Patients with atrial fibrillation and newly initiated NOAC treatment were identified in the Prescribed Drug Register. Comorbidities and outcome data were retrieved from the Patient Register and the Cause of Death Register. Cox-regression analyses were performed to evaluate the primary endpoints any severe bleed and ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack/stroke unspecified during the first six months of treatment. Secondary endpoints were gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial bleeding, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism.

Results
Increased risk of any severe bleed was found when NOAC treatment, and drugs with pharmacodynamic effect on bleeding were combined, compared to NOAC only. An increased risk with these combinations was evident for apixaban (hazard ratio (HR) 1.47; 95% CI 1.33–1.63), rivaroxaban (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.49–1.92), and dabigatran (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.05–1.52). For apixaban, there was an increased risk of any severe bleed when combined with CYP3A4 and/or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–1.5). The use of inducers of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp was low in this cohort, and effects on ischemic stroke/TIA/stroke unspecified could not be established.

Conclusion
Increased risk of bleeding was seen for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions with NOACs. Prescribers need to be vigilant of the effect of interacting drugs on the risk profile of patients treated with NOACs.