bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Genes and Pathways Regulated by Lamin A in Heart
Authors: Coste Pradas Jordi , Auguste Gaelle , Matkovich Scot J. , Lombardi Raffaella , Chen Suet Nee , Garnett Tyrone , Chamberlain Kyle , Riyad Jalish Mahmud , Weber Thomas , Singh Sanjay K. , Robertson Matthew J. , Coarfa Cristian , Marian Ali J. , Gurha Priyatansh 
Published: August 2020

Background

Mutations in the
LMNA
gene, encoding LMNA (lamin A/C), causes distinct disorders, including dilated cardiomyopathies, collectively referred to as laminopathies. The genes (coding and noncoding) and regulatory pathways controlled by LMNA in the heart are not completely defined.

Methods and Results

We analyzed cardiac transcriptome from wild‐type, loss‐of‐function (

Lmna
−/−

), and gain‐of‐function (

Lmna
−/−

injected with adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 expressing LMNA) mice with normal cardiac function. Deletion of
Lmna
(

Lmna
−/−

) led to differential expression of 2193 coding and 629 long noncoding RNA genes in the heart (q<0.05). Re‐expression of LMNA in the

Lmna
−/−

mouse heart, completely rescued 501 coding and 208 non‐coding and partially rescued 1862 coding and 607 lncRNA genes. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes predicted activation of transcriptional regulators lysine‐specific demethylase 5A, lysine‐specific demethylase 5B, tumor protein 53, and suppression of retinoblastoma 1, paired‐like homeodomain 2, and melanocyte‐inducing transcription factor, which were completely or partially rescued upon reexpression of LMNA. Furthermore, lysine‐specific demethylase 5A and 5B protein levels were increased in the

Lmna
−/−

hearts and were partially rescued upon LMNA reexpression. Analysis of biological function for rescued genes identified activation of tumor necrosis factor‐α, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and suppression of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway upon
Lmna
deletion and their restoration upon LMNA reintroduction in the heart. Restoration of the gene expression and transcriptional regulators in the heart was associated with improved cardiac function and increased survival of the

Lmna
−/−

mice.

Conclusions
The findings identify LMNA‐regulated cardiac genes and their upstream transcriptional regulators in the heart and implicate lysine‐specific demethylase 5A and B as epigenetic regulators of a subset of the dysregulated genes in laminopathies.
Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Evidence That Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Act as Neurohormonal Antagonists When Used for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Packer Milton 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with chronic heart failure. Initially, these drugs were believed to have a profile similar to diuretics or hemodynamically active drugs, but they do not rapidly reduce natriuretic peptides or cardiac filling pressures, and they exert little early benefit on symptoms, exercise tolerance, quality of life, or signs of congestion. Clinically, the profile of SGLT2 inhibitors resembles that of neurohormonal antagonists, whose benefits emerge gradually during sustained therapy. In experimental models, SGLT2 inhibitors produce a characteristic pattern of cellular effects, which includes amelioration of oxidative stress, mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuation of proinflammatory pathways, and a reduction in myocardial fibrosis. These cellular effects are similar to those produced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, β‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and neprilysin inhibitors. At a molecular level, SGLT2 inhibitors induce transcriptional reprogramming of cardiomyocytes that closely mimics that seen during nutrient deprivation. This shift in signaling activates the housekeeping pathway of autophagy, which clears the cytosol of dangerous cytosolic constituents that are responsible for cellular stress, thereby ameliorating the development of cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, similar changes in cellular signaling and autophagic flux have been seen with inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin system, β‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and neprilysin inhibitors. The striking parallelism of these molecular, cellular, and clinical profiles supports the premise that SGLT2 inhibitors should be regarded as neurohormonal antagonists when prescribed for the treatment of heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction.
Safety and Efficacy of Double Antithrombotic Therapy With Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Capodanno Davide , Di Maio Marco , Greco Antonio , Bhatt Deepak L. , Gibson C. Michael , Goette Andreas , Lopes Renato D. , Mehran Roxana , Vranckx Pascal , Angiolillo Dominick J. 
Published: August 2020

Background
The optimal antithrombotic therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is a topic of debate. We aimed at defining the efficacy and safety of double antithrombotic therapy with single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) plus a non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) against triple antithrombotic therapy with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) added to a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), illustrating the pooled cumulative distribution of events, the ranking of different NOACs tested in NOAC+SAPT combination strategies, and the state of the current evidence in the field.

Methods and Results
Randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of trial‐defined major adverse cardiac events. The primary safety end point was clinically significant bleeding. Secondary end points were the components of primary end points. Trial‐level pairwise and Bayesian network meta‐analyses, reconstructed Kaplan–Meier analyses, and trial sequential analysis were performed. Four randomized controlled trials (10 969 patients) were included. No differences were found in terms of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94–1.22), and the NOAC+SAPT strategy showed a lower rate of clinically significant bleeding compared with VKA + DAPT (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39–0.80). These results were consistent in reconstructed Kaplan–Meier analyses. In the Bayesian network meta‐analysis, different NOACs displayed diverse risk–benefit profiles. Trial sequential analyses suggest that the evidence for the similarity in major adverse cardiac events compared with VKA + DAPT and the bleeding risk reduction observed with NOAC+SAPT is likely to be conclusive.

Conclusions
NOAC+SAPT does not increase the risk of major adverse cardiac events and reduces the risk of bleeding compared with VKA + DAPT in AF patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Various NOACs may have different risk–benefit profiles in combination strategies.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
; Unique identifier: CRD42020151089.
Female copulation calls vary with male ejaculation in captive olive baboons
Authors: Vaglio Stefano , Ducroix Louise , Rodriguez Villanueva Maria , Consiglio Rosanna , Kim Ayong Julia , Neilands Patrick , Stucky Kerstin , Lameira Adriano R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Copulation calls are mating-associated vocalizations that are common in primates, with females vocalizing after copulation in several Old World monkeys and apes. Baboon females typically produce copulation calls that correlate with fertile phase. Calls are, thus, regarded as an upshot of cycle physiology and sexually selected calls. Here, we describe three captive troops of olive baboons wherein, against expectation, females suppressed vocalizing during copulations. Vaginal cytology, together with sexual swelling observations, confirmed that females experienced full receptive cycles. Ovulation did not affect vocal probability during sex, while copulation calls were predicted by male ejaculation just as in other Old World primate species. Results cast doubt on the existence of physiological triggers for baboon copulation calls. Social factors may instead play a larger role. Alterations in social structure (as typically observed in the wild) may be implemented strategically as captive enrichment in order to reveal how females in highly social primates change sexual strategies and, therefore, the use of their copulation calls.
The evolutionary trends of grammatical gender in Indo-Aryan languages
Authors: Allassonnière-Tang Marc , Dunn Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper infers the processes of development and change of grammatical gender in Indo-Aryan languages using phylogenetic comparative methods. 48 Indo-Aryan languages are coded based on 44 presence-absence features relating to gender marking on the verbs, adjectives, personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and possessive pronouns. A Bayesian Reverse Jump Hyper Prior analysis, which infers the evolutionary dynamics of changes between feature values, gives results that are consistent with historical linguistic and typological studies on gender systems in Indo-Aryan languages and predicts the evolutionary trends of the features included in the dataset.
Lichens as indicators of atmospheric pollution in urban ecosystems
Authors: Mikhaylov Alexey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Modern methods of lichen indication allow assessing the impact of climate change and air pollution on ecosystem health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general state of atmospheric air in urban ecosystems of cities and towns using lichen indication methods. The objectives of the study included identifying lichen indicator species, as well as assessing the response of these species to various pollutants (e.g., lead, iron, manganese). The study was conducted in 2017 in the Bryansk region of the Russian Federation (9 settlements in total) and the Oryol region (1 settlement – the city of Oryol). Four hundred samples belonging to epiphytic lichens were collected. Additional 300 and 137 samples of epiphytic lichens were used for chemical and toxicological analyses, respectively. The following two generally accepted lichen indicator indices were calculated: poleotolerance index (PI) and atmospheric purity index (API). When calculating the latter, the lichen species Xanthoria parietina was used as the baseline. Epiphytic lichens in small settlements were represented by 50 species (28 genera, 8 families). In large cities, 55 (Bryansk) and 53 (Oryol) species of epiphytic lichens were detected. The number of species in small settlements was 1.5 times lower than that of large cities. There were 8-15 and 25-32 species of epiphytic lichens in the central region and in the periphery of Bryansk, respectively. The number of epiphytic lichen species detected in the parks was 41. Within the territory of large cities, 17 species of lichens were identified as potential indicators, since they were found in every second or fourth sample. Maximum concentrations of lead were recorded in industrial areas of cities, as well as near major roads with traffic intersection and bridges and in some dormitory suburbs. This is a distinctive feature of large cities – the predominance of lead in lichen thalli, which is primarily associated with vehicles. In small cities in which there are no specific industrial enterprises (metallurgical plants, etc.), other heavy metals – manganese and iron – prevail in the thalli of lichens. In this work, new methods are adopted – mapping pollution with the use of nitrophilous epiphytic lichens that reflect the ongoing macro processes of nitrification in urban areas. The authors have proposed and tested the following lichen indicator methods: the use of indicator species (epiphytes-nitrophytes) of various sensitivities and the study of their distribution within the territory. The mapping method has been substantiated, which takes into account the API and zoning of territories according to the level of general pollution. Among the indicator species, Xanthoria parietina turned out to be the most suitable one.
Taste Dysfunction after Tonsillectomy: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Boo-Young , Lee So Jeong , Yun Ju Hyun , Bae Jung Ho 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: We aimed to provide information on the effects of tonsillectomy, in particular, its effects on taste dysfunction; also known as dysgeusia, and provide direction for future research in this area. Methods: We independently searched five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for related studies published as recently as December 2019. From the included studies, we reviewed the findings on tonsillectomy and taste disturbance through the use of a questionnaire, chemogustometry, and electrogustometry. We analyzed other conditions that were measured in these studies that included; postoperative pain intensity and other morbidities (eg, postoperative bleeding, hemostasis, tongue numbness and zinc, copper, and iron hemoglobin levels measured). Results: Postoperative taste disturbance based on questionnaire (VAS) scores at 14 days (SMD = −0.31 [−0.50, −0.12], P value = .0012) tended to decrease significantly in the post-tonsillectomy group compared to the pre-tonsillectomy group. Patients showed significantly decreased taste sensation after tonsillectomy than in the preoperative test. Postoperative electrogusmetry at 7 days (SMD = 0.60 [0.27, 0.94], P = .0004) tended to increase significantly in the post-tonsillectomy group compared to the pre-tonsillectomy group. Conclusion: Tonsillectomy is a commonly performed surgery, and taste disturbance occurs frequently as a post operative effect. Taste dysfunction is important to patients with regard to their quality of life and the overall effects of taste on their day-to-day life. This study can be a useful meta-analysis of dysgeusia in tonsillectomy.
Bedside Surgical Tracheostomy in the Intensive Care Unit during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Di Lella Filippo , Picetti Edoardo , Ciavarro Giovanni , Pepe Giovanni , Malchiodi Laura , D’Angelo Giulia , Grossi Silvia , Rossi Sandra , Falcioni Maurizio 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: To describe Otolaryngologists’ perspective in managing COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring tracheostomy in the ICUs during the pandemic peak in a dramatic scenario with limited resources. Setting: Tertiary referral university hospital, regional hub in northern Italy during SARS CoV 2 pandemic peak (March 9th to April 10th, 2020). Methods: Technical description of open bedside tracheostomies performed in ICUs on COVID-19 patients during pandemic peak with particular focus on resource allocation and healthcare professionals coordination. A dedicated “airway team” was created in order to avoid transportation of critically ill patients and reduce facility contamination. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, bedside minimally invasive tracheostomy in the ICU was selected by the Authors over conventional surgical technique or percutaneous procedures for both technical and operational reasons. Otolaryngologists’ experience derived from direct involvement in 24 tracheostomies is reported. Conclusions: Tracheostomies on COVID-19 patients should be performed in a safe and standardized setting. The limited resources available in the pandemic peak required meticulous organization and optimal allocation of the resources to grant safety of both patients and healthcare workers.
Managerial Political Orientation and Stock Price Crash Risk
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Jin Hengda , Luo Yan 
Published: August 2020

This article examines whether managers’ political orientation, which reflects their risk preferences, is associated with firms’ stock price crash risk. We find that stock price crash risk is lower when corporate managers have more conservative political ideologies, and the results are robust to controls for other determinants of crash risk. We use Heckman two-stage model and employ difference-in-differences research design around executive turnovers to show that our results are not simply driven by potential endogeneity. We also document that the relation between managerial political orientation and stock price crash risk is stronger when external monitoring is weaker. JEL Classifications: G12; G14; M41.
What elements of a systems’ approach to bereavement are most effective in times of mass bereavement? A narrative systematic review with lessons for COVID-19
Authors: Harrop Emily , Mann Mala , Semedo Lenira , Chao Davina , Selman Lucy E , Byrne Anthony 
Published: August 2020

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has left health and social care systems facing the challenge of supporting large numbers of bereaved people in difficult and unprecedented social conditions. Previous reviews have not comprehensively synthesised the evidence on the response of health and social care systems to mass bereavement events. Aim: To synthesise the evidence regarding system-level responses to mass bereavement events, including natural and human-made disasters as well as pandemics, to inform service provision and policy during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Design: A rapid systematic review was conducted, with narrative synthesis. The review protocol was registered prospectively ( www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero , CRD 42020180723). Data sources: MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2020. Reference lists were screened for further relevant publications, and citation tracking was performed. Results: Six studies were included reporting on system responses to mass bereavement following human-made and natural disasters, involving a range of individual and group-based support initiatives. Positive impacts were reported, but study quality was generally low and reliant on data from retrospective evaluation designs. Key features of service delivery were identified: a proactive outreach approach, centrally organised but locally delivered interventions, event-specific professional competencies and an emphasis on psycho-educational content. Conclusion: Despite the limitations in the quantity and quality of the evidence base, consistent messages are identified for bereavement support provision during the pandemic. High quality primary studies are needed to ensure service improvement in the current crisis and to guide future disaster response efforts.
An audit of end-of-life symptom control in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dying in a hospital in the United Kingdom
Authors: Alderman Bryony , Webber Katherine , Davies Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Background: The literature contains limited information on the problems faced by dying patients with COVID-19 and the effectiveness of interventions to manage these. Aim: The aim of this audit was to assess the utility of our end-of-life care plan, and specifically the effectiveness of our standardised end-of-life care treatment algorithms, in dying patients with COVID-19. Design: The audit primarily involved data extraction from the end-of-life care plan, which includes four hourly nursing (ward nurses) assessments of specific problems: patients with problems were managed according to standardised treatment algorithms, and the intervention was deemed to be effective if the problem was not present at subsequent assessments. Setting/participants: This audit was undertaken at a general hospital in England, covered the 8 weeks from 16 March to 11 May 2020 and included all inpatients with COVID-19 who had an end-of-life care plan (and died). Results: Sixty-one patients met the audit criteria: the commonest problem was shortness of breath (57.5%), which was generally controlled with conservative doses of morphine (10–20 mg/24 h via a syringe pump). Cough and audible respiratory secretions were relatively uncommon. The second most common problem was agitation/delirium (55.5%), which was generally controlled with standard pharmacological interventions. The cumulative number of patients with shortness of breath, agitation and audible respiratory secretions increased over the last 72 h of life, but most patients were symptom controlled at the point of death. Conclusion: Patients dying of COVID-19 experience similar end-of-life problems to other groups of patients. Moreover, they generally respond to standard interventions for these end-of-life problems.
The role and response of primary healthcare services in the delivery of palliative care in epidemics and pandemics: A rapid review to inform practice and service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mitchell Sarah , Maynard Victoria , Lyons Victoria , Jones Nicholas , Gardiner Clare 
Published: August 2020

Background: The increased number of deaths in the community happening as a result of COVID-19 has caused primary healthcare services to change their traditional service delivery in a short timeframe. Services are quickly adapting to new challenges in the practical delivery of end-of-life care to patients in the community including through virtual consultations and in the provision of timely symptom control. Aim: To synthesise existing evidence related to the delivery of palliative and end-of-life care by primary healthcare professionals in epidemics and pandemics. Design: Rapid systematic review using modified systematic review methods, with narrative synthesis of the evidence. Data sources: Searches were carried out in Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science on 7th March 2020. Results: Only five studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting a striking lack of evidence base for the response of primary healthcare services in palliative care during epidemics and pandemics. All were observational studies. Findings were synthesised using a pandemic response framework according to ‘systems’ (community providers feeling disadvantaged in terms of receiving timely information and protocols), ‘space’ (recognised need for more care in the community), ‘staff’ (training needs and resilience) and ‘stuff’ (other aspects of managing care in pandemics including personal protective equipment, cleaning care settings and access to investigations). Conclusions: As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, there is an urgent need for research to provide increased understanding of the role of primary care and community nursing services in palliative care, alongside hospices and community specialist palliative care providers.