bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting business and sustainable development goals in Spain
Authors: Lopez Belen 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis article aims to analyze the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategy of Spanish MNCs and how the firms integrate the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their reports and communication messages.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on cases studies with data collected through the corporate websites of Spanish MNCs listed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.FindingsThe findings tend to indicate that the stakeholder theory and creating shared value are both useful in the analysis of CSR business goals linked to the sustainable development goals of MNCs. However, companies generate little engagement with their stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this article resulted from an in-depth analysis of case studies with data collected from a selected sample of MNCs. The qualitative analysis allows us to understand how SDGs are integrated in the CSR activities. But there is a lack of global indicators to measure the impacts of business through the SDGs.Practical implicationsMNCs with a CSR strategy report the information connected with SDGs. However, there is a need of metrics to better understand the contribution of companies for sustainable development and then to clearly know the contribution of business in sustainable development.Social implicationsCreate shared value means that companies integrate SDGs in their CSR activities and, as a result, they can create different impacts in economic, social, and environmental issues. If companies communicate these activities and engage the stakeholders the social impact may be even greater.Originality/valueThe stakeholders theory serves to explain that companies can make a real contribution to society in their relationship with stakeholders. In addition, the creation of shared value is applicable to the integration of SDGs in companies within the CSR strategy.
Identification and validation of key genes with prognostic value in non‐small‐cell lung cancer via integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Li , Qu Jialin , Liang Yu , Zhao Deze , Rehman Faisal UL , Qin Kang , Zhang Xiaochun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related death among all human cancers and the five‐year survival rates are only 23%. The precise molecular mechanisms of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and validate the key genes with prognostic value in lung tumorigenesis.MethodsFour GEO datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape software and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) were utilized to PPI network to pick out meaningful DEGs. Hub genes, filtered from the CytoHubba, were validated using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database. The expressions and prognostic values of hub genes were carried out through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan‐Meier plotter. Finally, quantitative PCR and the Oncomine database were used to verify the differences in the expression of hub genes in lung cancer cells and tissues.ResultsA total of 121 DEGs (49 upregulated and 72 downregulated) were identified from four datasets. The PPI network was established with 121 nodes and 588 protein pairs. Finally, AURKA, KIAA0101, CDC20, MKI67, CHEK1, HJURP, and OIP5 were selected by Cytohubba, and they all correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in NSCLC.ConclusionThe results showed that AURKA, KIAA0101, CDC20, MKI67, CHEK1, HJURP, and OIP5 may be critical genes in the development and prognosis of NSCLC.Key pointsOur results indicated that AURKA, KIAA0101, CDC20, MKI67, CHEK1, HJURP, and OIP5 may be critical genes in the development and prognosis of NSCLC. Our methods showed a new way to explore the key genes in cancer development.
Expression of long noncoding RNAs in cancer‐associated fibroblasts linked to patient survival in ovarian cancer
Authors: Colvin Emily K. , Howell Viive M. , Mok Samuel C. , Samimi Goli , Vafaee Fatemeh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant cell type in the tumor microenvironment and are responsible for producing the desmoplastic reaction that is a poor prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in cancer. However, very little is known about the role of lncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment. We aimed to identify lncRNAs expressed in ovarian CAFs that were associated with patient survival and used computational approaches to predict their function. Increased expression of 9 lncRNAs and decreased expression of 1 lncRNA in ovarian CAFs were found to be associated with poorer overall survival. A “guilt‐by‐association” approach was used to predict the function of these lncRNAs. In particular, MIR155HG was predicted to play a role in immune response. Further investigation revealed high MIR155HG expression to be associated with higher infiltrates of immune cell subsets. In conclusion, these data indicate expression on several lncRNAs in CAFs are associated with patient survival and are likely to play an important role in regulating CAF function.
Youth access clinics in Gippsland: Barriers and enablers to service accessibility in rural settings
Authors: Dolan Erin , Allott Kelly , Proposch Amanda , Hamilton Matthew , Killackey Eóin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimApproximately 15 years ago, four youth access clinics (YACs) were established in the Gippsland region to improve mental and general healthcare for young people living in the region. The aim of the study was to examine the barriers and enablers for young people accessing the YACs in Gippsland.MethodsUsing qualitative methodology, nine female YAC staff members and seven youth YAC consumers were interviewed. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify important and consistent themes in the data derived through the consultation process.ResultsBarriers under four themes were identified: environmental (eg, limited transport); service (ie, limited opening hours); client (eg, parent permission) and staff (ie, retention of staff). Enablers were identified as environmental (ie, high social proximity), service (eg, funding), client (ie, awareness of service) and staff (eg, champion staff).ConclusionThe success of new rural service models will likely depend on learning from what has already worked in some of the many small communities in this region. Beyond learning, further success and uptake of new service offerings will be enhanced through understanding community needs, obtaining community support and enhancing high social proximity.
Evolutionary temperature compensation of carbon fixation in marine phytoplankton
Authors: Barton Samuel , Jenkins James , Buckling Angus , Schaum C.-Elisa , Smirnoff Nicholas , Raven John A. , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of carbon sequestration by the biological pump could decline in the coming decades because respiration tends to increase more with temperature than photosynthesis. Despite these differences in the short‐term temperature sensitivities of photosynthesis and respiration, it remains unknown whether the long‐term impacts of global warming on metabolic rates of phytoplankton can be modulated by evolutionary adaptation. We found that respiration was consistently more temperature dependent than photosynthesis across 18 diverse marine phytoplankton, resulting in universal declines in the rate of carbon fixation with short‐term increases in temperature. Long‐term experimental evolution under high temperature reversed the short‐term stimulation of metabolic rates, resulting in increased rates of carbon fixation. Our findings suggest that thermal adaptation may therefore have an ameliorating impact on the efficiency of phytoplankton as primary mediators of the biological carbon pump.
Rivaroxaban versus aspirin for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer: a subgroup analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial
Authors: Martinez‐Majander N. , Ntaios G. , Liu Y. Y. , Ylikotila P. , Joensuu H. , Saarinen J. , Perera K. S. , Marti‐Fabregas J. , Chamorro A. , Rudilosso S. , Prats‐Sanchez L. , Berkowitz S. D. , Mundl H. , Themeles E. , Tiainen M. , Demchuk A. , Kasner S. E. , Hart R. G , Tatlisumak T. ,   the NAVIGATE ESUS investigators
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeCancer is a frequent finding in ischaemic stroke patients. The frequency of cancer amongst participants in the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial and the distribution of outcome events during treatment with aspirin and rivaroxaban were investigated.MethodsTrial participation required a recent embolic stroke of undetermined source. Patients’ history of cancer was recorded at the time of study entry. During a mean follow‐up of 11 months, the effects of aspirin and rivaroxaban treatment on recurrent ischaemic stroke, major bleeding and all‐cause mortality were compared between patients with cancer and patients without cancer.ResultsAmongst 7213 randomized patients, 543 (7.5%) had cancer. Of all patients, 3609 were randomized to rivaroxaban [254 (7.0%) with cancer] and 3604 patients to aspirin [289 (8.0%) with cancer]. The annual rate of recurrent ischaemic stroke was 4.5% in non‐cancer patients in the rivaroxaban arm and 4.6% in the aspirin arm [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–1.24]. In cancer patients, the rate of recurrent ischaemic stroke was 7.7% in the rivaroxaban arm and 5.4% in the aspirin arm (HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.71–2.87). Amongst cancer patients, the annual rate of major bleeds was non‐significantly higher for rivaroxaban than aspirin (2.9% vs. 1.1%; HR 2.57, 95% CI 0.67–9.96; P for interaction 0.95). All‐cause mortality was similar in both groups.ConclusionsOur exploratory analyses show that patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source and a history of cancer had similar rates of recurrent ischaemic strokes and all‐cause mortality during aspirin and rivaroxaban treatments and that aspirin appeared safer than rivaroxaban in cancer patients regarding major bleeds. www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02313909).
Clinical spectrum of BICD2 mutations
Authors: Frasquet M. , Camacho A. , Vílchez R. , Argente‐Escrig H. , Millet E. , Vázquez‐Costa J. F. , Silla R. , Sánchez‐Monteagudo A. , Vílchez J. J. , Espinós C. , Lupo V. , Sevilla T. 
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeMutations in the BICD2 gene cause autosomal dominant lower extremity‐predominant spinal muscular atrophy 2A (SMALED2A), a condition that is associated with a specific pattern of thigh and calf muscle involvement when studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients may present minor clinical sensory impairment, but objective sensory involvement has yet to be demonstrated.MethodsWe collected clinical data from 11 patients from five different families carrying mutations in BICD2. Genetic diagnosis was achieved using gene panel testing and skin biopsies were taken from two patients to study the epidermal nerve fiber density.ResultsIn the studied patients, three new pathogenic mutations were detected as well as the already defined pathogenic p.Ser107Leu mutation. The most frequent clinical picture was characterized by lower‐limb weakness in combination with foot deformities. One patient manifested clinical and electrophysiological sensory impairment, and the epidermal nerve fiber density study of another patient revealed the existence of a small‐fiber neuropathy. Muscle MRI showed a common pattern of fat deposition including selective involvement of gluteus medius and minimus at the pelvic level, the anterior compartment of the thigh and the posterior compartment of the calf, with only mild or no involvement of the intrinsic foot muscles.ConclusionsWe report three new pathogenic mutations in the BICD2 gene. Muscle MRI confirms the existence of a selective pattern of thigh and leg muscle involvement in SMALED2A, providing additional information regarding pelvic and foot muscles. Moreover, our results raise the possibility of sensory involvement in the disease.
Traits and depth: What do hydroids tell us about morphology and life‐history strategies in the deep sea?
Authors: Fernandez Marina Oliveira , Collins Allen G. , Gittenberger Arjan , Roy Kaustuv , Marques Antonio Carlos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTraits affect the survival and reproduction of individuals in different habitat conditions, ultimately altering their distributions. In the oceans, changes in environmental conditions with bathymetry may influence the occurrence of specific traits. Therefore, characterizing trait variation with depth can illuminate drivers related to the distribution of diversity of forms, functions, and life histories. We aimed to investigate patterns of variation in the diversified life histories and morphologies of hydroids with depth, integrating these patterns with the natural history of the group and ecological principles of the deep sea.LocationAtlantic Ocean and adjacent polar seas, from 50 to 5,330 m deep.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedHydrozoa.MethodsAnalyses were based on 14 traits collected for a total of 4,668 specimens of hydroids, belonging to 438 species. Records were divided into 12 depth strata for comparisons. We evaluated: how each trait varies with depth; whether variation in some traits is affected by the presence of other traits; how traits covary; and similarities in trait compositions among depth strata.ResultsTraits of hydroids vary with depth, with more pronounced differences for regions deeper than 1,000 m. Hydroids are generally smaller, infertile, solitary, meroplanktonic, and devoid of protective structures with increasing depth. The relationship, however, is not always linear. Also, some covariation and correlation between traits was evident. For example, depth may affect size differently according to the presence of specific traits such as structures protecting against predation. The lower proportion of fertile specimens recorded in the deep sea suggests that chances for genetic recombination are reduced in deep‐sea populations, ultimately leading to a slower rate of evolution.Main conclusionsWe identified novel trends in hydroid trait variation with depth by combining observations on morphology, ecology, and life history, clarifying selection pressures on hydroids in the deep sea.
The copulatory apparatus of the marine gastropod Haminella solitaria (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) and its phylogenetic relevance
Authors: Lobo‐da‐Cunha Alexandre , Alves Ângela , Oliveira Elsa , Wranik Wolfgang , Malaquias Manuel António E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe hermaphroditic marine snail species Haminella solitaria was formerly included in the genus Haminoea, but it was recently assigned to the genus Haminella. The copulatory apparatus in H. solitaria was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy to obtain additional information about this apparatus in cephalaspidean gastropods and to evaluate the taxonomic relevance of its morphofunctional features in the framework of a new phylogenetic tree of the family Haminoeidae. The copulatory apparatus in H. solitaria consisted of the atrium with a muscular wall and papilla, a seminal duct, and a single‐lobed prostate. Epithelial and subepithelial secretory cells were detected in the proximal and middle region of the atrium wall, and a third type of secretory cell occurred in the distal region of the muscular papilla. The seminal duct was lined by ciliated cells and its muscular wall included some vacuolar cells. The prostate in H. solitaria consisted of lateral pouches surrounding a large central lumen that was filled with spermatozoa. A single type of secretory cell intermingled with ciliated cells formed the epithelium of the prostate. A histological comparison between the copulatory apparatus in H. solitaria and Haminoea navicula revealed substantial differences that support the placement of these two species in different genera, as established by recent molecular studies.
Dysfunction of Tregs contributes to FGR pathogenesis via regulating Smads signalling pathway
Authors: Xu Yunzhao , Su Min , Wang Ziheng , Liu Qinqin , Xu Xiangyu , Gu Shuting , Pan Weidong , Ge Wenliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is ranked number two of most common complication of abnormal pregnancy worldwide. The pathogenesis of FGR is complicated due to multiple aetiologies and the exact mechanism for FGR development is currently unknown. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are proven to play central roles in the maintenance of normal pregnancy. Peripheral blood samples of 102 pregnant human were collected analysed using flow cytometry to identify Tregs. We found that reduced Tregs and down‐regulation of Foxp3 were observed in peripheral blood of FGR patients. In FGR mouse model, we have found that Tregs were not only reduced in spleen but also in placenta. In vitro, Foxp3 and its transcription regulatory signalling molecules, including P‐Smad2, P‐Smad3 and Smad4, were diminished as well. Inhibition on Foxp3 expression was partially reversed by overexpression of Smad2 and Smad4. In FGR patients, Western blot results revealed that Foxp3, P‐Smad2, P‐Smad3 and Smad4 expression was inhibited in placenta. Our preliminary result suggests that maternal‐foetal immune tolerance mediated by Tregs plays an essential role in the development of FGR. The inhibited expression of Foxp3 and down‐regulated Smad2/Smad3/Smad4 signalling pathway were involved in the FGR pathogenesis. Targeting maternal‐foetal immune tolerance through Tregs might represent a novel therapeutic option for FGR.
In vitro compatibility of Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 with copper fungicides
Authors: Celar Franci A. , Kos Katarina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCopper fungicides and mycoinsecticides based on entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria spp. are the most common pesticides used in organic crop production systems. The in vitro effects of the copper fungicides copper oxide, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, dicopper chloride trihydroxide and tribasic copper sulphate were investigated for mycelial growth, sporulation and conidial germination of the ATCC 74040 commercial strain of Beauveria bassiana. Mycelial growth was evaluated on potato dextrose agar plates with 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 0% of the recommended application rates of each fungicide at 15 and 25°C. Sporulation and conidial germination were determined at the recommended field doses of each fungicide at 25°C. All copper fungicides had fungistatic or fungicidal effects on B. bassiana that varied according to the dose. Only in two cases, copper oxide at 15°C and copper hydroxide at 25°C, at the lowest concentration of 6.5%, was mycelial growth not statistically significantly inhibited. Inhibition of mycelial growth depended both on the fungicide and its concentration, and partly on temperature. Both sporulation and conidial germination of B. bassiana were significantly inhibited by all fungicides. All fungicides inhibited the sporulation in a similar way (99.8%–100%). With the exception of copper oxychloride (inhibition, 13.6%), the other fungicides showed high detrimental effects on conidial germination (inhibition, 91.7%–100%). The fungus was strongly affected by some fungicides even at the lowest doses. The biological index used for the B. bassiana with copper fungicides ranged from 0.6 (copper sulphate) to 18.1 (copper oxychloride). Therefore, the tested fungicides were classified into the upper half of the highly toxic (T) category and are considered incompatible with the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana strain ATCC 74040 under in vivo experimental conditions. These results need to be further verified in vitro under both greenhouse and open‐field conditions.
Body condition scoring (BCS) in corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and comparison to pre‐existing body condition index (BCI) for snakes
Authors: Gimmel Angela , Öfner Sabine , Liesegang Annette 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the veterinary profession, the body condition score (BCS) plays an important role in the assessment of patients. It is a subjective, tactile method of evaluating body fat and muscle mass and is used in numerous species. Recognizing obesity (or the contrary, emaciation) is important for veterinarians treating reptiles and could be facilitated by a BCS. An existing form of body condition assessment already used is the body condition index (BCI), where the residuals from a regression of body mass on body length are calculated. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide practitioners with a BCS system for corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and to test it against the BCI. A total of 22 corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus), stationed at the “Auffangstation für Reptilien” in Munich (reptile rescue centre, RRC), were subject of this study. Each had the following measurements taken: body weight (BW), snout–tail tip length (STL), snout–vent length (SVL) and circumference in the middle (C). Manual palpation of spine, area between vertebral spinous and transverse process, ribs and neck of each snake was performed by three veterinarians and assigned to specific scores by each examiner. A BCS (mean of examiners’ scores) was given to each snake according to manual palpation. The BCS system was chosen to be out of 5 in 0.5‐point steps with 2.5 considered as ideal BCS. In the studied snakes, the BCS ranged from 1.5 to 3.5, with a median of 2.5. The median BW was 309 g (75–967 g), the median STL was 123 cm (79–153 cm), the median SVL was 104 cm (73–133 cm) and the median C was 7.5 cm (4.3–11 cm). BCS and BCI were positively correlated. A BCS includes a manual palpation of the animal and thus gives the examiner additional information to the objectively measured/calculated index.
Refining the Supported Decision Making Inventory
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Rifenbark Graham G. , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Dean Evan E. , Killeen Mary B. , Karsevar Judith 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the steps taken to refine the pilot version of the supported decision making inventory (SDMI), a new tool designed to support planning teams implementing supported decision making with people with disabilities. Data were collected on the pilot version of the SDMI with 152 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their supporters and systematic analyses were undertaken to identify the best subset of items on the pilot version of the SDMI. Analyses were also undertaken to examine the impact of contextual factors on scores on the refined tool. The reduced set of items (n = 29) adequately represented the three theoretical domains assessed on the scale: (1) personal factors, (2) environmental demands, and (3) the supports needed to engage in decision‐making. With the reduced set of items, age, gender, and having multiple disability labels did not influence scores. Those that had a legal guardian scored lower in experiences with decision making but higher in supports needed for implementing a decision. Additionally, those that were in competitive, integrated employment identified having more experiences with decision‐making and scored lower on supports needed for making a decision. Implications for research, policy, and practice are described.