bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Rovira Paula , Demontis Ditte , Sánchez-Mora Cristina , Zayats Tetyana , Klein Marieke , Mota Nina Roth , Weber Heike , Garcia-Martínez Iris , Pagerols Mireia , Vilar-Ribó Laura , Arribas Lorena , Richarte Vanesa , Corrales Montserrat , Fadeuilhe Christian , Bosch Rosa , Martin Gemma Español , Almos Peter , Doyle Alysa E. , Grevet Eugenio Horacio , Grimm Oliver , Halmøy Anne , Hoogman Martine , Hutz Mara , Jacob Christian P. , Kittel-Schneider Sarah , Knappskog Per M. , Lundervold Astri J. , Rivero Olga , Rovaris Diego Luiz , Salatino-Oliveira Angelica , da Silva Bruna Santos , Svirin Evgeniy , Sprooten Emma , Strekalova Tatyana ,   ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,   23andMe Research team, Arias-Vasquez Alejandro , Sonuga-Barke Edmund J. S. , Asherson Philip , Bau Claiton Henrique Dotto , Buitelaar Jan K. , Cormand Bru , Faraone Stephen V. , Haavik Jan , Johansson Stefan E. , Kuntsi Jonna , Larsson Henrik , Lesch Klaus-Peter , Reif Andreas , Rohde Luis Augusto , Casas Miquel , Børglum Anders D. , Franke Barbara , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Soler Artigas María , Ribasés Marta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that persist into adulthood in the majority of the diagnosed children. Despite several risk factors during childhood predicting the persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood, the genetic architecture underlying the trajectory of ADHD over time is still unclear. We set out to study the contribution of common genetic variants to the risk for ADHD across the lifespan by conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies on persistent ADHD in adults and ADHD in childhood separately and jointly, and by comparing the genetic background between them in a total sample of 17,149 cases and 32,411 controls. Our results show nine new independent loci and support a shared contribution of common genetic variants to ADHD in children and adults. No subgroup heterogeneity was observed among children, while this group consists of future remitting and persistent individuals. We report similar patterns of genetic correlation of ADHD with other ADHD-related datasets and different traits and disorders among adults, children, and when combining both groups. These findings confirm that persistent ADHD in adults is a neurodevelopmental disorder and extend the existing hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture underlying ADHD and different traits to a lifespan perspective.
The Ap-2α/Elk-1 axis regulates Sirpα-dependent tumor phagocytosis by tumor-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaojiao , Luo Xi , Chen Chuan , Tang Ye , Li Lian , Mo Banghui , Liang Houjie , Yu Songtao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein-α (Sirpα) is a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint that engages the “don’t eat me” signal CD47, which is expressed on tumor and normal tissue cells. However, the profile and regulatory mechanism of Sirpα expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are still not clear. Here, we found that the expression of Sirpα in TAMs increased dynamically with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Mechanistically, CRC cell-derived lactate induced the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Ap-2α from the cytoplasm in TAMs. Ap-2α functioned as a transcription factor for Elk-1 by binding to the conserved element GCCTGC located at −1396/−1391 in the mouse Elk-1 promoter. Subsequently, the Elk-1 protein bound to two conserved sites, CTTCCTACA (located at −229/−221) and CTTCCTCTC (located at −190/−182), in the mouse Sirpα promoter and promoted Sirpα expression in TAMs. Functionally, the macrophage-specific knockout of Ap-2α notably promoted the phagocytic activity of TAMs and suppressed CRC progression, whereas these effects were prevented by the transgenic macrophage-specific expression of Elk-1, which regulated TAM phagocytosis and CRC development in a Sirpα-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that Elk-1 expression was positively correlated with Sirpα expression in TAMs and was associated with poor survival in CRC patients. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel mechanism through which CRC evades innate immune surveillance and provided potential targets for macrophage-based immunotherapy for CRC patients.
Genome-wide unique insertion sequences among five Brucella species and demonstration of differential identification of Brucella by multiplex PCR assay
Authors: Paul Soumya , Peddayelachagiri Bhavani Venkataswamachari , Gogoi Madhurjya , Nagaraj Sowmya , Ramlal Shylaja , Konduru Balakrishna , Batra Harsh V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBrucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by alpha proteobacterial genus Brucella comprising of facultative intracellular pathogenic species that can infect both animals and humans. In this study, we aimed to identify genome-wide unique insertion sequence (IS) elements among Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. ovis, B. suis and B. canis for use in species differentiation by conducting an intensive in silico-based comparative genomic analysis. As a result, 25, 27, 37, 86 and 3 unique ISs were identified respectively and they had a striking pattern of distribution among them. To explain, a particular IS would be present in four species with 100% identity whereas completely absent in the fifth species. However, flanking regions of that IS element would be highly identical and conserved in all five species. Species-specific primers designed on these flanking conserved regions resulted in two different amplicons grouping the species into two: one that possesses IS and the other that lacks it. Seeking for species-specific amplicon size for particular species was sufficient to identify it irrespective of biovar. A multiplex PCR developed using these primers resulted in successful differentiation of the five species irrespective of biovars with significant specificity and sensitivity when examined on clinical samples.
Jasmonic acid is not a biosynthetic intermediate to produce the pyrethrolone moiety in pyrethrin II
Authors: Matsui Ryo , Takiguchi Kisumi , Kuwata Naoshige , Oki Katsunari , Takahashi Kosaku , Matsuda Kazuhiko , Matsuura Hideyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPyrethrum (Tanacetumcinerariifolium) produces insecticidal compounds known as pyrethrins. Pyrethrins are esters; the acid moiety is either trans-chrysanthemic acid or pyrethric acid and the alcohol moiety of pyrethrins is either pyrethrolone, cinerolone, or jasmolone. It was generally accepted that cis-jasmone was biosynthetic intermediate to produce the alcohol moieties of pyrethrin, and the biosynthetic origin of the cis-jasmone was postulated to be jasmonic acid. However, there was no direct evidence to prove this hypothesis. In order to uncover the origin of pyrethrolone moiety in pyrethrin II, feeding experiments were performed employing deuterium- and 13C-labeled compounds as substrates, and the expected labeled compounds were analyzed using UPLC MS/MS system. It was found that the pyrethrolone moiety in pyrethrin II was derived from 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), iso-OPDA and cis-jasmone but not from methyl jasmonate and 3-oxo-2-(2′-[Z]-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-hexanoic acid. The results supported that the biosynthesis of the pyrethrolone moiety in pyrethrin II partially used part of the jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway, but not whole.
Exploration of singular and synergistic effect of xylitol and erythritol on causative agents of dental caries
Authors: Kõljalg Siiri , Smidt Imbi , Chakrabarti Anirikh , Bosscher Douwina , Mändar Reet 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNon-cariogenic sweet substances, like sugar alcohols, are used to decrease the risk of caries by reducing the growth of dental plaque. The aim of our study was to reveal the impact of xylitol and erythritol on the growth and biofilm formation of cariogenic bacteria including as a novelty, set of clinical mutans streptococci and Scardovia wiggsiae and to assess the possible synergistic influence of these polyols. We found both xylitol and erythritol to express high growth inhibition effect on cariogenic bacteria. In synergistic effect experiments, 10% polyol combination with excess of erythritol was found to be more effective against growth of Streptococcus mutans and the combination with excess of xylitol more effective against growth of Streptococcus sobrinus and S. wiggsiae. In biofilm inhibition experiments, solutions of 10% polyols in different combinations and 15% single polyols were equally effective against mutans streptococci. At the same time, higher biofilm formation of S. wiggsiae compared to experiments without polyols was detected in different polyol concentrations for up to 34%. In conclusion, both erythritol and xylitol as well as their combinations inhibit the growth of different cariogenic bacteria. Biofilm formation of mutans streptococci is also strongly inhibited. When applying polyols in caries prophylaxis, it is relevant to consider that the profile of pathogens in a particular patient may influence the effect of polyols used.
Socially engaged calves are more likely to be colonised by VTEC O157:H7 than individuals showing signs of poor welfare
Authors: Tamminen Lena-Mari , Hranac C. Reed , Dicksved Johan , Eriksson Erik , Emanuelson Ulf , Keeling Linda J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn cattle herds, the transmission and persistence of VTEC O157:H7 (a serotype of verotoxin-producingEscherichia coli– known for its life threatening complications in humans) is dependent on a small proportion of cattle who become colonised and shed high numbers of the bacteria. Reducing the proportion of these animals is considered key for decreasing the prevalence of VTEC O157:H7. In this study, observations of calf behaviour and animal-based welfare indicators were used to explore individual risk factors and underlying drivers of colonisation in Swedish dairy calves. Interdependencies between variables led to three different approaches being used to visualize and explore the associations. Combining the results of all methods revealed similar patterns and suggest that healthy animals, actively grooming and interacting with others calves in the group have a higher risk of colonisation than small dairy calves in poor condition (diarrhoea, poor ruminal fill, poor body condition score and nasal discharge). This lends no support to the hypothesis that reduced welfare is a risk factor for VTEC O157:H7, but implies that individual differences in calf behaviour affect oral exposure to the bacteria so driving the risk of colonisation. This new finding has important implications for understanding of VTEC O157:H7 transmission within farms.
Increased Risk of Infection-Related and All-Cause Death in Hypercalcemic Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: The Q-Cohort Study
Authors: Yamada Shunsuke , Arase Hokuto , Tokumoto Masanori , Taniguchi Masatomo , Yoshida Hisako , Nakano Toshiaki , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough hypercalcemia is a risk factor for all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients, it remains unknown whether hypercalcemia increases the risk of infection-related death. A total of 2869 hemodialysis patients registered in the Q-Cohort Study, a multicenter, prospective cohort study of hemodialysis patients, were analyzed. The predictor was albumin-corrected serum calcium level at baseline. The main outcome was infection-related death. Death risk were estimated by multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard risk models and competing risk models. During the follow-up period of 4 years, 107 patients died of infection and 473 died of any cause. The patients were divided into four groups by the serum calcium level at baseline (G1, 5.7–8.9 mg/dL; G2, 9.0–9.4 mg/dL; G3, 9.5–9.9 mg/L; G4 10.0–16.5 mg/dL). In the multivariable-adjusted model, the incidence of infection-related death was significantly higher in the highest serum calcium group (G4) compared with the lowest serum calcium group (G1): hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.34 [1.35–4.04], P = 0.002. Furthermore, higher serum calcium level was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause death. In conclusion, our data suggest that a higher serum calcium level may be a risk factor for infection-related and all-cause death in hemodialysis patients.
Solvothermal synthesis of n-type Bi2(SexTe1−x)3 nanoplates for high-performance thermoelectric thin films on flexible substrates
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Mori Ryotaro , Yonezawa Susumu , Yabuki Hayato , Namiki Hiromasa , Ota Yuichi , Takashiri Masayuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo improve thermoelectric performance of materials, the utilization of low-dimensional materials with a multi-alloy system is a promising approach. We report on the enhanced thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2(SexTe1−x)3 nanoplates using solvothermal synthesis by tuning the composition of selenium (Se). Variation of the Se composition within nanoplates is demonstrated using X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. The calculated lattice parameters closely followed Vegard’s law. However, when the Se composition was extremely high, an impurity phase was observed. At a reduced Se composition, regular-hexagonal-shaped nanoplates with a size of approximately 500 nm were produced. When the Se composition was increased, the shape distribution became random with sizes more than 5 μm. To measure the thermoelectric properties, nanoplate thin films (NPTs) were formed on a flexible substrate using drop-casting, followed by thermal annealing. The resulting NPTs sufficiently adhered to the substrate during the bending condition. The electrical conductivity of the NPTs increased with an increase in the Se composition, but it rapidly decreased at an extremely high Se composition because of the presence of the impurity phase. As a result, the Bi2(SexTe1−x)3 NPTs exhibited the highest power factor of 4.1 μW/(cm∙K2) at a Se composition of x = 0.75. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the thermoelectric performance of Bi2(SexTe1−x)3 nanoplates can be improved by tuning the Se composition.
Evaluating the tradeoffs of a generalist parasitoid fungus, Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, on different sympatric ant hosts
Authors: Lin Wei-Jiun , Lee Yung-I , Liu Shao-Lun , Lin Chung-Chi , Chung Tan-Ya , Chou Jui-Yu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is essential for the survival and reproduction of parasitoids to adapt to the fluctuating host resources. Phenotypic plasticity may enable a parasitoid species to successfully achieve its control over a range of host species to maximize fitness in different hosts that may each require dissimilar, possibly conflicting, specific adaptations. However, there is limited information on how the fitness effects of host switching partition into costs due to the novelty of host species, where unfamiliarity with host physiological and morphological changes and its anti-parasite defenses reduces parasitoid growth, survivorship and/or reproductive success. In this study, the parasitoid fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato was found to sympatrically infect a principal host ant species and other alternative sympatric hosts in the forest of central Taiwan. We herein report that the occurrence of ant infections by O. unilateralis s.l. shows spatial and temporal variation patterns on different host species. Results showed that the height from the ground to the leaf where the infected ants grip on, perithecia-forming ability, and growth rate of the stroma of the parasitoid fungus were dissimilar on different host species. These host range expansions not only related the fitness of O. unilateralis s.l. but also influenced the expression of extended phenotypic traits. Our findings revealed that a generalist parasitoid fungus suffered an evolutionary tradeoff between host breadth expansion and host-use efficiency.
Large Suspended Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene Membranes with Diameter up to 750 µm
Authors: Afyouni Akbari Shirin , Ghafarinia Vahid , Larsen Tom , Parmar Marsha M. , Villanueva Luis Guillermo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper ultra clean monolayer and bilayer Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) graphene membranes with diameters up to 500 µm and 750 µm, respectively have been fabricated using Inverted Floating Method (IFM) followed by thermal annealing in vacuum. The yield decreases with size but we show the importance of choosing a good graphene raw material. Dynamic mechanical properties of the membranes at room temperature in different diameters are measured before and after annealing. The quality factor ranges from 200 to 2000 and shows no clear dependence on the size. The resonance frequency is inversely proportional to the diameter of the membranes. We observe a reduction of the effective intrinsic stress in the graphene, as well as of the relative error in the determination of said stress after thermal annealing. These measurements show that it is possible to produce graphene membranes with reproducible and excellent mechanical properties.
Chloroquine and bafilomycin A mimic lysosomal storage disorders and impair mTORC1 signalling
Authors: Fedele Anthony O. , Proud Christopher G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Autophagy is dependent upon lysosomes, which fuse with the autophagosome to complete the autophagic process and whose acidic interior permits the activity of their intraluminal degradative enzymes. Chloroquine (CQ) and bafilomycin A1 (BafA) each cause alkalinisation of the lumen and thus impair lysosomal function, although by distinct mechanisms. CQ diffuses into lysosomes and undergoes protonation, while BafA inhibits the ability of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) to transfer protons into the lysosome. In the present study, we examine the impact of CQ and BafA on the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), inhibition of which is an early step in promoting autophagy. We find each compound inhibits mTORC1 signalling, without affecting levels of protein components of the mTORC1 signalling pathway. Furthermore, these effects are not related to these agents’ capacity to inhibit autophagy or the reduction in amino acid supply from lysosomal proteolysis. Instead, our data indicate that the reduction in mTORC1 signalling appears to be due to the accumulation of lysosomal storage material. However, there are differences in responses to these agents, for instance, in their abilities to up-regulate direct targets of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a substrate of mTORC1 that drives transcription of many lysosomal and autophagy-related genes. Nonetheless, our data imply that widely used agents that alkalinise intralysosomal pH are mimetics of acute lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and emphasise the importance of considering the result of CQ and BafA on mTORC1 signalling when interpreting the effects of these agents on cellular physiology.
Physiological Correlates to In-race Paratriathlon Cycling
Performance
Authors: Stephenson Ben Thomas , Shill Alex , Lenton John , Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose was to determine the physiological correlates to cycling performance
within a competitive paratriathlon. Five wheelchair user and ten ambulant
paratriathletes undertook laboratory-based testing to determine their: peak rate
of oxygen uptake; blood lactate- and ventilatory-derived physiological
thresholds; and, their maximal aerobic power. These variables were subsequently
expressed in absolute (l∙min −1 or W),
relative
(ml∙kg−1∙min −1
or W∙kg −1) and scaled relative (or
ml∙kg − 0.82 ∙min −1,
ml∙kg − 0.32 ∙min −1
or W∙kg −0.32) terms. All athletes undertook
a paratriathlon race with 20 km cycle. Pearson’s correlation
test and linear regression analyses were produced between laboratory-derived
variables and cycle performance to generate correlation coefficients (r),
standard error of estimates and 95% confidence intervals. For wheelchair
users, performance was most strongly correlated to relative aerobic lactate
threshold (W∙kg −1) (r=−0.99;
confidence intervals: −0.99 to −0.99; standard error of
estimate=22 s). For ambulant paratriathletes, the greatest correlation
was with maximal aerobic power (W∙kg −0.32)
(r=−0.91; −0.99 to −0.69; standard error of
estimate=88 s). Race-category-specificity exits regarding physiological
correlates to cycling performance in a paratriathlon race with further
differences between optimal scaling factors between paratriathletes. This
suggests aerobic lactate threshold and maximal aerobic power are the pertinent
variables to infer cycling performance for wheelchair users and ambulant
paratriathletes, respectively.
Thoracic Involvement in IgG4-Related Disease
Authors: Moura Marta Casal , Gripaldo Ria , Baqir Misbah , Ryu Jay H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder that has been recognized to involve virtually any organ in the body and typically manifests mass-like lesions (tumefactive). Although initial reports of this disease (autoimmune pancreatitis [AIP]) were described in the Japanese population, it has since been reported worldwide. It is most commonly seen in adults of middle age or older, more often men than women. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is largely unknown, but genetic factors, microorganisms, and autoimmunity are thought to play important roles. Serum IgG4 concentration is elevated in the majority of patients with IgG4-RD but is a nonspecific finding. Characteristic histopathologic features include dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, fibrosis (often in storiform pattern), and obliterative phlebitis. Lung involvement in IgG4-RD was first reported in 2004 in two patients with AIP and coexisting interstitial lung disease. Since then, a wide spectrum of intrathoracic involvement has been reported and includes not only parenchymal lung diseases but also pleural, airway, vascular, and mediastinal lesions. Thoracic involvement in IgG4-RD is often found incidentally during the workup of extrathoracic lesions but can sometimes be the presenting abnormality. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD requires correlation of clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathologic features. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy but other options including B cell depletion are being investigated. IgG4-RD is generally associated with an indolent clinical course and most patients improve with glucocorticoid therapy.
Bronchiolitis and Bronchiolar Disorders
Authors: Ravaglia Claudia , Poletti Venerino 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBronchioles are noncartilaginous small airways with internal diameter of 2 mm or less, located from approximately the eighth generation of purely air conducting airways (membranous bronchioles) down to the terminal bronchioles (the smallest airways without alveoli) and respiratory bronchioles (which communicate directly with alveolar ducts and are in the range of 0.5 mm or less in diameter). Bronchiolar injury, inflammation, and fibrosis may occur in myriad disorders including connective tissue diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, lung transplant allograft rejection, graft versus host disease in allogeneic stem cell recipients, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, infections, drug toxicity (e.g., penicillamine, busulfan), inhalation injury (e.g., cigarette smoke, nylon flock, mineral dusts, hard metals, Sauropus androgynous); idiopathic, common variable immunodeficiency disorder, and a host of other disorders or insults. The spectrum of bronchiolar disorders is wide, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal obliterative bronchiolitis. In this review, we discuss the salient clinical, radiographic, and histological features of these diverse bronchiolar disorders, and discuss a management approach.