bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
667-P: Optimized Pump Utilization and Increased Pump Initiation with Zero Additional Resource Utilization
Authors: MIYSSHIRO LORI A. , HINNEN DEBORAH 
Published: June 2020

By utilizing Certified Pump Trainers (CPTs) to teach patients how to best utilize their insulin pumps, our clinic has been able to provide superior care to their patients with diabetes, with zero additional clinic resources. This innovative partnership with all 3 pump companies has resulted in the doubling of the pump program in less than 1 years time. UCHealth patients treated within this program started with baseline HbA1cs as high as &gt; 14.5%, with reductions achieved down to as low as 5.2%. Even though approximately 15% of patients did not reach glycemic goals, diabetes-related hospitalizations were reduced by 82% in that subpopulation after initiating pump therapy. These superiorA1C reductions and reduced hospitalizations outcomes are attributed in part to the advantage of having the expertise of company-trained CPT providing customized doing the insulin pump education, personalized training done in partnership between the CDE and CPT prior to training after a review of the patient’s assessment of preferred learning style(s). Additional clinical needs, educational barriers, and psychosocial issues prepare the CPT for a more comprehensive, individualized training. Easy access to care after initial training is essential, with both the CPT and the CDE providing phone support and in-person follow up in 1-2 weeks. Proper pump selection factoring in each patient’s needs, coupled with very patient-specific customization is contributing to the achievement of these superior outcomes and a doubling of our pump program without utilizing clinic resources.

Disclosure
L.A. Miysshiro: None. D. Hinnen: None.
67-LB: Clinical Cost Offset Analysis Comparing Real-Time CGM (RTCGM) with SMBG Based on the COMISAIR 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: SOUPAL JAN , ISITT JOHN J. , GRUNBERGER GEORGE , PRAZNY MARTIN , PARKIN CHRISTOPHER , MINSHALL MICHAEL E. , LYNCH PETER M. 
Published: June 2020

This clinical cost offset analysis compared rtCGM vs. SMBG in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) applying results from a 3-year, nonrandomized, prospective, real-world clinical trial (COMISAIR). Clinical effects for HbA1c reduction using rtCGM vs. SMBG combined with MDI (-0.96%) or CSII (-0.71%) after 3 years were converted directly into an economic benefit and inflated ($U.S. 2020). The MDI group showed reduced 3-year event rates for severe hypoglycemia (SH) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) of 68% and 100%, respectively. The CSII group showed 50% and nearly 0% fewer SH and DKA events, respectively, using rtCGM vs. SMBG. Estimated costs for HbA1c reduction (low/high) along with SH and DKA events were taken from published literature and inflated ($U.S. 2020). Switching from SMBG to rtCGM would result in an estimated 487 and 238 fewer SH and DKA events, respectively, for the MDI group and 208 and 8 fewer SH and DKA events in the CSII group. Table 1 describes the potential economic benefit. Sustained reduction in HbA1c for rtCGM vs. SMBG represents over 95% of the potential economic value and per person savings range from $3,555-$6,747 after 3 years. Our modelling study demonstrates compelling clinical and economic benefits of sustained HbA1c control using rtCGM over SMBG in T1D.

Disclosure
J. Soupal: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott. Consultant; Self; Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc. J.J. Isitt: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. G. Grunberger: Research Support; Self; Medtronic. M. Prazny: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Roche Diabetes Care. Other Relationship; Self; Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. C. Parkin: Consultant; Self; Abbott, CeQur Corporation, Dexcom, Inc., DreaMed Diabetes, Novo Nordisk Inc., Onduo, Roche Diabetes Care, Valeritas, Inc. M.E. Minshall: Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc. P.M. Lynch: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Dexcom, Inc.

Funding
Dexcom, Inc.
67-OR: Benefit of Reduced Hypoglycemia with Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Is Sustained through 12 Months among Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: VAN NAME MICHELLE A. , MILLER KELLEE , KANAPKA LAUREN , TAMBORLANE WILLIAM V. , DIMEGLIO LINDA 
Published: June 2020

The SENCE study in children &lt; 8 yrs with T1D compared the efficacy of CGM combined with a family behavioral intervention (CGM + FBI) and CGM alone (Standard-CGM) with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) alone. Time in hypoglycemia fell in both CGM groups but was unaffected in the BGM group during the 26-week trial. After trial completion, both CGM groups extended their time on CGM for 26 weeks without additional education/behavioral intervention. This analysis assessed whether prolonged CGM use maintained durable reductions in time in hypoglycemia throughout the entire 52-week period. The extended study was completed by 45 of 50 in the CGM + FBI group and 42 of 44 in Standard-CGM. In these 87 kids, median age was 5.6 years and 31% were on insulin pumps. Differences in the two CGM groups were compared to masked baseline CGM data from run-in. Median time &lt;70 mg/dL was reduced from baseline to 52 weeks in CGM+FBI group (3.4%,50 minutes/day to 2.0%, 29 minutes/day, p&lt;0.001, see Figure) and with Standard-CGM (4.1%, 59 minutes/day, to 2.1%, 30 minutes/day, p&lt;0.001). Importantly, time in hypoglycemia remained lower after conclusion of the interventions through 52 weeks in both groups. We observed similar reductions for time &lt;54 mg/dL (data not shown).
Conclusion: Sustained CGM use results in less hypoglycemia in young children with T1D.

Disclosure
M.A. Van Name: None. K. Miller: None. L. Kanapka: None. W.V. Tamborlane: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi US. Other Relationship; Self; Eisai Inc., MannKind Corporation. L. DiMeglio: None.

Funding
The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
673-P: Food Insecurity and Intervention Opportunities for American Indians and Alaska Natives with Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: STOTZ SARAH A. , LOCKHART STEVEN , BREGA ANGELA G. , MOORE KELLY R. 
Published: June 2020

Food insecurity is well documented as a social determinant of health and as a barrier to healthful eating and diabetes management. American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are twice as likely to experience food insecurity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as non-Hispanic Whites. The purpose of this project was to identify themes regarding food insecurity and healthful eating in relation to diabetes management among AI/AN adults with T2D. The reported analysis used qualitative data originally collected to inform adaptation of an existing American Diabetes Association diabetes nutrition education program for AI/AN adults with T2D. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and interviews with AI/ANs with T2D, their family members, and key stakeholders such as healthcare administrators, registered dietitians, and diabetes educators. Two coders analyzed transcripts in their entirety using the constant-comparison method for qualitative content analysis. Key themes included the following: (1) Rural and urban AI/ANs have different primary food security challenges. AI/ANs who live in rural reservation locations discussed loss of traditional foods and loss of access to land where these foods were once found. Urban-dwelling AI/ANs, on the other hand, highlighted the cost of healthful food as their primary food security challenge. (2) AI/ANs discussed logistical problems with accessing healthy food (i.e., lack of time, need for convenience, easy access to fast and processed food, high cost of healthful food, loss of traditional food) whereas nutrition educators focused on solutions, such as cooking and nutrition education. (3) When discussing the high cost of healthful foods, focus group participants concentrated almost exclusively on the high cost of fresh produce as opposed to other healthful food products. Findings from this analysis will help inform the development of food security resources for AI/ANs with T2D.

Disclosure
S.A. Stotz: None. S. Lockhart: None. A.G. Brega: None. K.R. Moore: None.

Funding
American Diabetes Association (4-18-SMSC-01 to K.R.M.); National Institutes of Health (P30DK092923); Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Diabetes Translational Research
674-P: Missed Diagnosis of Lipohypertrophy by Inspection and Palpation: Prevalence and Contributing Risk Factors
Authors: XU JINGJING , LUO DAN , WANG HONG , ZHU MIN , SHI YUN 
Published: June 2020

Background: Lipohypertrophy (LH) is harmful and requires early diagnosis. While LH is typically detected by inspection and palpation (physical examination), the reliability is potentially low. We evaluated the prevalence and contributing risk factors for missed LH compared to ultrasound scanning (USS).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study included 260 patients who had injected insulin continuously for at least 1 year. Physical examination and USS were used meanwhile. Associations between missed diagnosis and clinical, injection behavioral variables were examined.
Results: Patients were 40.4 ± 23.7 years old, 52.7% male, 50.8% type 1 diabetes. 80.8% were diagnosed with LH by USS, that three characteristics are significant thickening of the subcutaneous fat layer; increased echogenicity in diffuse areas; nodular hyperechoic foci. Physical examination resulted in a 39.0% false negative rate. By stepwise logistic regression, duration of insulin therapy modestly associated with missed diagnosis of LH (odds ratios [OR] = 0.84, P &lt; 0.001); Higher BMI and correct site rotation showed ORs of 3.02 (P = 0.005) and 3.67 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively.
Conclusions: Physical examination was associated with a high rate of missed LH diagnosis for patients received insulin for a short duration, higher BMI etc. Ultrasound scanning should be used as a complementary technique.

Disclosure
J. Xu: None. D. Luo: None. H. Wang: None. M. Zhu: None. Y. Shi: None.
676-P: Ideal Ketone Test Training among Type 1 Patients in Context of Risk Associated with SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: ROST JONATHAN B. , SUHL SARA , STONER KEATON C. , FLORISSI CATERINA , GOWEN REBECCA , WOOD RICHARD 
Published: June 2020

SGLT2 inhibitors are not approved for people with type 1 diabetes in the U.S. due to elevated risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), prompting interest in ketone testing education. This study surveyed 4,612 people with type 1 diabetes across the U.S., EU, and Canada regarding their preferred method and duration of ketone testing education if they were to start a new therapy that increased DKA risk. Overall, a phone app was the preferred method of education, with some country-level differences apparent. In the U.S., Germany, and the Netherlands, 15-30 minutes was the most selected training time duration, while the remaining countries most commonly selected 1-2 hours. When considering the safety of SGLT2 therapy for type 1 patients, this data lends important insights into the feasibility and optimal composition of ketone test training.

Disclosure
J.B. Rost: Employee; Self; This work was funded by dQ&A Diabetes Research, a provider of research services to multiple companies and patient organizations in the diabetes field. S. Suhl: Employee; Self; This work was funded by dQ&A Diabetes Research, a provider of research services to multiple companies and patient organizations in the diabetes field. K.C. Stoner: Other Relationship; Self; Various companies and organizations. C. Florissi: Employee; Self; This work was funded by dQ&A Diabetes Research, a provider of research services to multiple companies and patient organizations in the diabetes field. R. Gowen: Employee; Self; This work was funded by dQ&A Diabetes Research, a provider of research services to multiple companies and patient organizations in the diabetes field. R. Wood: Consultant; Self; Abbott, ADOCIA, American Diabetes Association, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., CeQur Corporation, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation. Employee; Self; dQ&A Market Research Inc.
678-P: Postprandial High-Intensity Interval Exercise Suppresses the Impaired Endothelial Function Induced by High Carbohydrate Ingestion
Authors: FUKUBA YOSHIYUKI , KASHIMA HIDEAKI , MIURA KOHEI , ENDO MASAKO Y. 
Published: June 2020

High-carbohydrate meals acutely impair endothelial function, whereas exercise, particularly high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), plays a beneficial role. Data about the interaction of exercise and dietary intake on endothelial function are scarce. We, therefore, evaluated flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) as a standard measure of endothelial function after glucose drink ingestion immediately before or after HIIE. Healthy young volunteers (n = 11) participated in three protocols in random order. At 30 min before (preprandial Ex) or 15 min after (postprandial Ex) 500 mL glucose (75 g) drink ingestion, participants performed HIIE (28-min leg cycling). In control protocol (Con), participants ingested the same drink without exercise. FMD and blood flow profiles [ante- and retrograde shear rates (SRs)] were evaluated by ultrasound before and 60 and 120 min after glucose ingestion. Blood glucose (BG) and plasma insulin (PI) concentrations were measured. At 60 min after ingestion, postprandial Ex showed significantly higher %FMD (see Figure) and antegrade SR and lower BG and PI compared with Con and preprandial Ex.
In conclusion, postprandial HIIE effectively suppresses subsequent endothelial dysfunction via postprandial hyperglycemia suppression and antegrade shear stress elevation in the BA.

Disclosure
Y. Fukuba: None. H. Kashima: None. K. Miura: None. M.Y. Endo: None.

Funding
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17K01616); Uehara Memorial Life Science Foundation
68-OR: Dramatic Drop in Ketoacidosis Rate after FreeStyle Libre System Initiation in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in France, Especially in People with Low Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG): A Nationwide Study
Authors: ROUSSEL RONAN , GUERCI BRUNO , VICAUT ERIC , DEPOUVOURVILLE GERARD , DETOURNAY BRUNO , EMERY CORINNE , LEVRAT-GUILLEN FLEUR , RIVELINE JEAN-PIERRE 
Published: June 2020

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening condition and is generally preventable through close glucose monitoring. Initiation of the FreeStyle Libre™ system could prevent ketoacidosis. We conducted a retrospective study of the ketoacidosis rates (ICD-10 codes E10.1, E11.1) on the French exhaustive nationwide reimbursement claim database in FreeStyle Libre system initiators (reimbursed from 2017/06/01). Ketoacidosis rates were recorded in the year prior to first FreeStyle Libre sensor claim (index date for initiation), and in the year after. We identified 33,203 and 40,955 people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, initiating the FreeStyle Libre system during the study period (2017/08/01 to 2017/12/31). Overall, yearly ketoacidosis rates were reduced after FreeStyle Libre system initiation by 52% for type 1 and 47% for type 2 diabetes. Results are also presented according to the mean daily number of SMBG strips reimbursed, estimated for the year prior to FreeStyle Libre system initiation (Figure). It is plausible that the use of the FreeStyle Libre system allowed people to detect and limit persistent hyperglycemia, and subsequently ketoacidosis. The reduction of rates was marked for both types of diabetes, especially for people with very low and very high adherence to SMBG.

Disclosure
R. Roussel: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Diabnext, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Mundipharma International, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi-Aventis. B. Guerci: Board Member; Self; Abbott. E. Vicaut: Consultant; Self; Abbott, Boston Scientific, Celgene, Pfizer Inc. G. Depouvourville: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, AbbVie Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Consultant; Self; Abbott, AbbVie Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. B. Detournay: Advisory Panel; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Self; Lilly Diabetes, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Pfizer Inc., Sanofi. Employee; Self; CEMKA. C. Emery: Employee; Self; CEMKA. F. Levrat-Guillen: Employee; Self; Abbott. J. Riveline: None.
682-P: Carbohydrate Needs for Prolonged Fasted Exercise with and without Basal Rate Reductions in CSII
Authors: MCGAUGH SARAH M. , POONI RUBIN , ZAHARIEVA DESSI , D’SOUZA NINOSCHKA C. , VIENNEAU TODD , LY TRANG T. , RIDDELL MICHAEL 
Published: June 2020

The amount of oral carbohydrate (CHO) needed to prevent hypoglycemia during prolonged fasted exercise in CSII is unclear. We assessed CHO intake needs during 3 different basal rate strategies during prolonged fasted exercise in active patients with T1D.
Individuals with T1D on CSII (n=15) completed three 120-min treadmill exercise (∼45% of VO2peak) visits in a randomized crossover design. Strategies included: A) no basal rate reduction (BRR) and a dextrose intake of 0.3 g/kg/hr when BG was &lt;10mmol/L (CHO only); B) a 50% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise, with dextrose as needed to treat hypoglycemia (50% BRR); and C) a 50% BRR set at exercise start plus dextrose intake of 0.3 g/kg/hr when BG was &lt;10 mmol/L (Combo).
Glycemia was higher in C compared to A or B by 105 min of exercise (P &lt; 0.05). The drop in blood glucose during exercise was greater in A (-2.7 ± 3.4 mmol/L) than in B (-1.9 ± 2.5 mmol/L) or C (0.3 ± 2.6 mmol/L). Total CHO intake was 38.0 ± 18.8 g, 0.8 ± 3.1 g, and 29.5 ± 16.2 g, for A, B and C, respectively. Compared to A, B had lower RER (0.83 ± 0.04 vs. 0.79 ± 0.04), higher ketones (0.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 mmol/L), greater net loss of calories (709.2 ± 217.4 vs. 859.7 ± 239.6 kcal) and greater fat oxidation rate (0.39 ± 0.1 vs. 0.51 ± 0.2 g/min) (all P &lt; 0.05).
A BRR, set 90 min prior to exercise is associated with good glycemic control and an increased rate of lipid oxidation compared to CHO feeding alone or combined BRR and CHO feeding approach at exercise onset.

Disclosure
S.M. McGaugh: None. R. Pooni: None. D. Zaharieva: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic. N.C. D’Souza: None. T. Vienneau: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Insulet Corporation. T.T. Ly: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. M. Riddell: Advisory Panel; Self; Zucara Therapeutics Inc. Consultant; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Medtronic, Novo Nordisk A/S.

Funding
Insulet Corporation
686-P: Exercise Alone and in Combination with Liraglutide Exert Clinically Relevant Improvements in Cardiorespiratory Fitness during 1-Year Weight Loss Maintenance: The S-LITE Randomized Trial
Authors: JENSEN SIMON , JANUS CHARLOTTE , LUNDGREN JULIE R. , JUHL CHRISTIAN R. , BLOND MARTIN B. , STALLKNECHT BENTE , HOLST JENS J. , MADSBAD STEN , TOREKOV SIGNE S. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Improved cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with reduced mortality. Each metabolic equivalent (MET) increase in CRF is associated with 10-25 % improvements in survival. The aim was to explore changes in fitness during weight maintenance with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide and/or exercise.
Methods: Women and men with obesity (18-65 years, BMI 32-43 kg/m2) who achieved ≥ 5 % weight loss during an 8-week very low-calorie diet (VLCD) were randomized to (1) liraglutide 3 mg/day (LIRA), (2) exercise 150 min/week + placebo (EX), (3) exercise 150 min/week + liraglutide 3 mg/day (LIRA+EX), or (4) placebo (PLA) for one year. CRF was measured as peak oxygen consumption using indirect calorimetry during an incremental bicycle test. Physical functioning was evaluated as time to ascend/descend an 11-step stairway twice.
Results: A total of 215 participants were included. Changes in fitness after VLCD and 1-year weight maintenance program are presented in Table 1.
Conclusion: Exercise alone and in combination with liraglutide exert clinically relevant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and improve physical functioning. Thus, adding liraglutide does not interfere with the ability to improve fitness with exercise, supporting the combined use in weight maintenance.

Disclosure
S. Jensen: None. C. Janus: Research Support; Spouse/Partner; Mercodia, Novo Nordisk A/S. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Foundation. Research Support; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk Foundation. Speaker’s Bureau; Spouse/Partner; Merck Sharp &lt; Dohme Corp. J.R. Lundgren: None. C.R. Juhl: None. M.B. Blond: None. B. Stallknecht: None. J.J. Holst: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp &lt; Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Zealand Pharma A/S. Other Relationship; Spouse/Partner; Antag Therapeutics. S. Madsbad: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp &lt; Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi-Aventis. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S. S.S. Torekov: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.

Funding
Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0019968, NNF15SA0018486); University of Copenhagen; Helsefonden; Danish Diabetes Academy
69-LB: A Wearable Microneedle Array Sensor Shows High Correlation between Dermal Glucose and Venous Blood Glucose
Authors: SAMANT PRADNYA P. , CHRISTIANSEN MARK P. , SATTAYASAMITSATHIT SIRILAK , CAMPBELL ALAN , PEYSER THOMAS A. , WINDMILLER JOSHUA R. , TANGNEY JARED R. , LAL RAYHAN , BHAVARAJU NARESH C. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Current continuous glucose monitors (CGM) measure glucose in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid (ISF). Previous ex vivo research with hypodermic needles has shown that glucose in the dermal ISF is highly correlated to venous glucose with little or no lag time. However, this methodology is not viable for continuous measurement. In this study, we have developed and tested a wearable microneedle array sensor for continuous in situ measurement of glucose in the dermal ISF. A dermal CGM could be applied without an introducer needle and without pain during application.
Methods: In this study the microneedle array sensor was tested against venous glucose measured every 15 minutes from a YSI analyzer in 8-hour sessions over 2 days (Phase One) and 5-7 days (Phase Two).
Results: Five participants without diabetes and 10 participants with diabetes were recruited for phase One and 10 participants with diabetes were recruited for phase Two. A high degree of linear correlation (R2 ≥ 0 .90) between the microneedle array measured dermal ISF glucose and venous glucose was observed. The figure shows the linear correlation (A) and temporal profile (B) for one microneedle array sensor over 8 hours.
Conclusions: A wearable microneedle array measuring dermal ISF glucose can accurately track glucose values. The study demonstrated early human feasibility of a CGM based on microneedle sensing of dermal ISF.

Disclosure
P.P. Samant: Employee; Self; Biolinq. M.P. Christiansen: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Biolinq, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi-Aventis, Senseonics, ViroMed Laboratories, Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. S. Sattayasamitsathit: None. A. Campbell: None. T.A. Peyser: Consultant; Self; Insulet Corporation. Employee; Self; Biolinq. J.R. Windmiller: Employee; Self; Biolinq. J.R. Tangney: Board Member; Self; Biolinq. R. Lal: Consultant; Self; Abbott, Biolinq. N.C. Bhavaraju: Employee; Self; Biolinq.