bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autopsy Report of a Woman with Infantile Alexander Disease Who Survived 39 Years
Authors: Tsuji Megumi , Tanaka Mio , Tanaka Yukichi , Ikeda Azusa , Tsuyusaki Yu , Goto Tomohide , Iai Mizue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPatients with infantile Alexander disease (AxD) usually do not survive beyond their early teens without life support care because of progressive central hypoventilation. We present the autopsy report of a woman with infantile AxD carrying an R239C mutation in the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene, who survived 39 years. She presented with psychomotor retardation in infancy and regressed after age 5. Brain computed tomography scans showed bilateral low frontal white matter density. She became quadriplegic with bulbar palsy and was intellectually handicapped after a measles infection at age 7. Tube feeding was introduced because of dysphagia at age 15. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation was required due to central hypoventilation in her early thirties. She died of neurogenic respiratory failure at 39 years. Autopsy findings revealed a markedly atrophic brain (709 g, −6.0 standard deviation), especially in the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and brainstem portions. We found demyelination, gliosis, and cystic lesions throughout the brain, and we saw Rosenthal fibers accumulating in the perivascular spaces. We also identified a variety of abnormalities in other organs such as pancreatic necrosis, completely desquamated epithelium in the lower esophagus and stomach, foreign-body giant cells in the colon submucosa, glomerular sclerosis, and multiple bladder stones. This is the first autopsied case report of a patient with infantile AxD with long survival, who showed not only central nervous system characteristic findings, but also unexpected pathological changes in other organs.
A 5-Month-Old Infant with Cardiorespiratory Arrest Caused by Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome to Cow's Milk Proteins
Authors: Quattromani Martina , Calzedda Roberta , Monti Giovanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFood protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a nonimmunoglobulin E cell-mediated food allergy, which occurs predominantly in infants and young children. The most commonly incriminated triggers are cow's milk (CM), soy, and grains. Acute FPIES can be potentially life-threatening and culminate in shock requiring fluid resuscitation in at least 15% of the cases. To our knowledge, there have been no reports in literature of cardiorespiratory arrest induced by acute FPIES. We describe the first case of cardiorespiratory arrest occurred after accidental ingestion of a CM-based formula in a 5-month-old infant with previous diagnosis of FPIES to CM.
Alpaca (Vicugna pacos), the first nonprimate species with a phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset
Authors: Fichtner Alina S. , Karunakaran Mohindar M. , Gu Siyi , Boughter Christopher T. , Borowska Marta T. , Starick Lisa , Nöhren Anna , Göbel Thomas W. , Adams Erin J. , Herrmann Thomas 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceHuman Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are important mediators of immunosurveillance and targets for cell-based immunotherapy. Activation by small molecular compounds called phosphoantigens is essential for their functions and involvement of butyrophilins (BTN3A) has been shown. However, it is not completely understood how the intracellular recognition of phosphoantigens by BTN3 is translated to the cell surface and finally to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation. In addition, phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were only identified in primates but not in rodents. In this study, we present a phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset inVicugna pacos(alpaca) and show similarities and instructive differences to the human system that can be applied for future structural and functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cell research and development of nonprimate animal models.
Modeling the relationship between utterance fluency and raters’ perceived fluency of consecutive
interpreting
Authors: Han Chao , Chen Sijia , Fu Rongbo , Fan Qin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Fluency is an important, yet insufficiently understood, construct in interpreting studies. This article reports on
an empirical study which explored the relationship between utterance fluency measures and raters’ perceived fluency ratings of
English/Chinese consecutive interpreting. It also examined whether such relationship was consistent across interpreting directions
and rater types. The results partially supported the categorization of utterance fluency into breakdown, speed and repair fluency.
It was also found that mean length of unfilled pauses, phonation time ratio, mean length of run and speech rate had fairly strong
correlations with perceived fluency ratings in both interpreting directions and across rater types. Among a number of competing
regression models that were built to predict raters’ fluency ratings, a parsimonious model, using mean length of unfilled pauses
and mean length of run as predictors, accounted for about 60% of the variance of fluency ratings in both directions and across
rater types. These results are expected to help create, rewrite and modify rubrics and scalar descriptors of fluency scales in
rater-mediated interpretation assessment and to inform automated scoring of fluency in interpreting.
Nbr1-regulated autophagy in Lactoferrin-induced osteoblastic differentiation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Zi-Nan , Li Na , Zhao Li-Jie , Xue Ying , Wu Hao-Jie , Hou Jian-Ming 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The molecular mechanism of autophagy in Lactoferrin (LF) induced osteoblast differentiation is not fully demonstrated. In this study, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining and ELISA were used to study N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) expression. mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviruses, mono-dansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, scanning electron microscopy, and western blot analysis was employed to probe the LF induced autophagy. The interaction between autophagy receptor Neighbor of Brca1 gene (Nbr1) and pp38 was studied. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) could inhibit the activity of ALP, PINP and the autophagy in LF group. LF treatment could up-regulate and down-regulate the expressions of pp38 and Nbr1with a dose-dependent manner, respectively. LF could inhibit the recognition of pp38 and Nbr1. In addition, LF can prompt Nbr1-medicated autophagy and prevent pp38 degradation by autophagy. LF can induce Nbr1-mediated autophagy and inhibit pp38 entering into autophagy flux in the physiological process of osteoblast differentiation.
Abbreviations: CQ:chloroquine；LF: Lactoferrin; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit-8; LC3: Microtubule-associated protein light chain3; MDC: Monodansylcadaverine; Nbr1: neighbor of Brca1 gene; PINP: N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen; PVDF: Polychlorotrifluoroethylene; pp38: phosphorylation p38; RAPA: Rapamycin; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Effect of the sintering temperature on the microstructure and superconducting properties of MgB2 bulks manufactured by the field assisted sintering technique
Authors: Matthews G A B , Santra S , Ma R , Grovenor C R M , Grant P S , Speller S C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Magnesium diboride (MgB2) bulk superconductors may have practical applications as permanent magnets owing to their ability to trap larger fields than conventional ferromagnets and a transition temperature of 39 K that make them attractive for use in cryogen-free systems. Unlike the cuprate high temperature superconductors, grain boundaries in MgB2 act as pinning sites not weak links, and so show good current carrying ability in polycrystalline samples. This enables the materials to be processed using standard ceramic processing methods which are scalable to large diameters and mass production. The maximum trapped field in bulk superconductors scales with the critical current density (Jc
) of the material as well as the radius of the sample. To obtain the highest possible Jc
values in MgB2 at high fields requires the bulk materials to be fully dense but fine-grained material, and possibly with a nano-scale distribution of non-superconducting impurity particles to further enhance pinning. Field assisted sintering technology (FAST) is a rapid process for obtaining dense ceramics from materials like MgB2 which are difficult to sinter with conventional pressure-less techniques. Rapid heat treatments are attractive both from a manufacturing point of view and because the total time that the sample is held at high temperature is short, limiting grain coarsening. In this paper, we report a systematic study of the influence of processing temperature on microstructure and superconducting properties of MgB2 bulks manufactured using FAST. We conclude that processing temperatures above 1000 °C are required to obtain materials that have sufficiently high electrical connectivity to generate large magnetic moments. However, the intrinsic (intragrain) Jc
values in MgB2 are better in the samples processed at 900 °C owing to their finer scale microstructures and the MgB2 lattice being more defective.
Layer-dependent band engineering of Pd dichalcogenides: a first-principles study
Authors: Feng Liang-Ying , Villaos Rovi Angelo B. , Huang Zhi-Quan , Hsu Chia-Hsiu , Chuang Feng-Chuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Among the families of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), Pd-based TMDs have been one of the less explored materials. In this study, we investigate the electronic properties of PdX2 (X = S, Se, or Te) bulk and thin films. The analysis of structural stability shows that the bulk and thin film (1 to 5 layers) structures of PdS2 exhibit pyrite, while PdTe2 exhibits 1T. Furthermore, PdSe2 exhibits pyrite in bulk and thin films down to the bilayer. Most surprisingly, PdSe2 monolayer transits to 1T phase. For the electronic properties of the stable bulk configurations, pyrite PdS2 and PdSe2, and 1T PdTe2, demonstrate semi-metallic features. For monolayer, on the other hand, the stable pyrite PdS2 and 1T PdSe2 monolayers are insulating with band gaps of 1.399 eV and 0.778 eV, respectively, while 1T PdTe2 monolayer remains to be semi-metallic. The band structures of all the materials demonstrate a decreasing or closing of indirect band gap with increasing thickness. Moreover, the stable monolayer band structures of PdS2 and PdSe2 exhibit flat bands and diverging density of states near the Fermi level, indicating the presence of van Hove singularity. Our results show the sensitivity and tunability of the electronic properties of PdX2 for various potential applications.
Plasmon drag effect with sharp polarity switching
Authors: Ronurpraful T , Keene D , Noginova N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The generation of significant photocurrents observed in plasmonic metasurfaces is interesting from a fundamental point of view and promising for applications in plasmon-based electronics and plasmonic sensors with compact electrical detection. We show that photoinduced voltages in strongly modulated plasmonic surfaces demonstrate a highly asymmetric angular dependence with polarity switching around the plasmon resonance conditions. The effects are tentatively attributed to coupling between localized and propagating plasmons.
Implication of Yield Lines Theory in Method Three of the ACI Code for Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Ali Al-Ahmed Ali Hussein , Kadhim Al-Shamaa Mushriq Fuad , Ali Hasan Hussein 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reinforced concrete slabs are one of the most important and complicated elements of a building. For supported edges slabs, if the ratio of long span to short span is equal or less than two then the slab is considered as two-way slab otherwise is consider as one-way slab. Two-way reinforced concrete slabs are common in use in reinforced concrete buildings due to geometrically arrangement of columns suggested by architects who prefer a symmetric distribution of columns in their plans. Elastic theory is usually used for analysis of concrete slabs. However, for several reasons design methods based on elastic principles are limited in their function. Correspondingly, limit state analysis offers a powerful technique for considering such matter. The Yield Lines Theory, which is one of limit state analysis based on expected failure criteria of slabs. The assumed failure criteria is termed by a pattern of yield lines, along that the reinforcement has yielded and the location of which counts loads and boundary conditions. This paper deals with comparison of Method 3 for two-way slabs that was provided by the ACI Code and exact derivation of this method by the Yield Lines Theory. Total of nine cases of slabs that have been described by method three are studied and evaluated by plastic analysis assumptions of the yield lines theory. The results are summarized in terms of proposed formulae that derived according to the Yield Lines Ttheory, which could be used as an alternative method for design of two-way reinforced concrete slabs in the ACI Code.
Effects of steel fibers on flexural strength and impact resistance for self-consolidating concrete plates
Authors: Mohammed Ahlam Sader , Jaber Ali Attiea , Abbas Sura Amoori 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) can be considered as a major innovative satiric expansion in the future of concrete materials and technology during the recent three decades. It has evolved to make adequate compaction with easy concrete placement in constructions, which have overcrowded the restricted zones and reinforcement. This research aims to experimentally study the effect of steel fibers volumetric ratio (Vf
) and effect of chicken wire in enhancement of the behavior of the normal strength SCC. Two types of SCC concrete mixes were prepared and cast for this purpose. One of them was normal strength SSC to serve as a reference mix, while 0.75 % of steel fibers was used in the second one. Slump-flow test, L-box, J-ring and V-funnel tests had been done to investigate the properties of fresh SCC. Compressive strength of the reference SCC was about (33.5MPa) and for 0.75% steel fibers SCC was about (39.7MPa). In addition to that, six identical plate’s specimens of (400×400×20) mm were cast and tested to study the effect of steel fibers and chicken wire on the impact load resistance and flexural load of SCC. Results show that the impact load resistance for steel fibers SCC concrete had been increased by about 60% compared with the reference normal strength SCC mix, while an increase in impact load resistance for SCC of about 50% was gained by using chicken wire mesh. It was noted that the use of 0.75% steel fibers-SCC and chicken wire-SCC plates show an increase in impact resistance and flexural strength by about 20% and 2% compared to the reference normal strength SCC, respectively. The results also indicate that using steel fibers is useful in holding up the formation of transverse cracks and providing affirmative restraint to the successive growth of cracks of plate’s specimens.
Structural Evaluation for Iraqi Ministry of Trade Building Exposed to Fire During 2003 War
Authors: Abbas Aamer Najim , Abdul-Hussein Wameedh Ghassan , Ghani Zghair Luma Abdul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Existing concrete structures may, for a variety of reasons, be found to be unsatisfactory. This could manifest itself by poor performance under service loading in the form of excessive deflections, cracking or inadequate ultimate strength and changing the main function. In such circumstances, there are two possible solutions i.e. demolish and rebuild or carryout a program of repair and strengthening. In this investigation, the structural evaluation and suggested repairing works were studied for Iraqi Ministry of Trade building, the building was exposed to fire, vandalism and looting during the war on Iraq at 2003. The building consists of twelve stories, ten stories have area about 1428m2 and about 1150 m2 area of middle and basement stories. Each story has height of 3.5m. The structure of building consists of one way ribbed slab with 900mm slab thickness and 0.15×0.7m rib sectional dimensions. The columns have dimensions 0.6×1.2m and height 3.5m. The girders, ribs, floors and columns were peeled and decayed, there are a several cracks wider than 0.4mm distributed on the beams and floors and several columns, the concrete floors were destroyed and that caused appearance of steel reinforcement, parts of concrete of column at the second floor were destroyed and the longitudinal reinforcement steel buckled outside dragging the transverse reinforcement, a high possibility of reduction in concrete strength caused by the fire effects happened during 2003 war but the steel dose not affected by the fire because of the concrete cover which protected reinforcement. From this investigation, there is no serious damage in the sense that it is imperative to demolish the building and re-create. The damage in the building, as indicated in this study require some repairs, known in the field of rehabilitation through chemical additives and steel structures are additional materials available in local markets. It necessary to minimize the additional dead loads and the use of Limestone partitions in their implementation Gypsum Board partitions or imported light partitions.
Flexural behavior of composite open web steel joist and concrete slab
Authors: Abduljabbar Marwah Sami , Hamood Mohammed J. , Abdulsahib Wael Shawky 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Experimental research has been carried out to study the behavior of composite open web steel joists under monotonic loading. Four composite joists were fabricated with two types of web members and span-to-depth ratios were tested. The concrete slab 400 mm wide, and 90 mm overall depth overlaid on a corrugated steel sheet. The composite system was simply supported over 3000 mm span and subjected to a uniformly distributed loading. Test results are presented in terms of slip between composite slab and the top chord of steel joist, load-deflection and load-strain relations. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that lowering span/depth ratio has a significant effect on failure pattern with increase in ultimate capacity about 8%. Additionally, the results show that using double angles web type has only a little influence on deflection but increased ultimate capacity about 10% over similar composite joist with rounded bars web.
Seismic Vulnerability of Rural Masonry Buildings After 2019 Acıpayam Earthquake, Denizli, Turkey
Authors: Güler Kadir , Sütçü Fatih , Sarı Ali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Turkey is an earthquake-prone country, and moderate earthquakes hit Acipayam town of Denizli city, located in the western part of Turkey on March 20, 2019 (Mw-5.5). The region is seismically active and, in the past, several earthquakes based on historical archives hit the same region, and some recent modern recordings are available. The March 20 earthquake caused significant damage in the villages of Acipayam, Denizli, where the majority of buildings are masonry buildings, while, the typical building type is cut-stone, adobe and brick masonry-type buildings. The existing buildings suffered damages due to poor building material quality, inadequate design, and detailing. Connection of floor slabs to façade walls are poorly implemented, where in-plane and out-of-plane failures are observed very commonly. Another primary reason for the damage is the poor mortar quality used between masonry units, which lead to masonry walls damages again under in-plane and out-of-plane effects. The most recent Turkish Seismic Code dated 2018, includes a comprehensive chapter on masonry buildings. The general damage observations from Acipayam Earthquake evaluated according to the requirements given in the code and with the lessons taken from past earthquakes, as well.
Structural behaviour of SCC continuous deep beam strengthened with carbon fiber NSM and hybrid techniques
Authors: Al-Bdari W J , Al-Bayati Nabeel , Al-Shaarbaf A. S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this research, results of an experimental investigation on the shear strengthening of normal SCC continuous concrete deep beam are presented. A total of twelve continuous deep beams were cast and tested. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP|) through Near Surface Mounted (NSM) and hybrid techniques to improve the structural behaviour and shear resistance capacity of deep beams. Two beams were used as control with no strengthening, while the remaining ten beams were strengthened in different (with and without) steel shear reinforcement, orientation of NSM-FRP rods, hybrid techniques (combined of EBR-CFRP strip and NSM-CFRP rods). The beams were designed to fail in shear and to match with the requirements of ACI 318M-14 building code. Results showed that the hybrid technique caused an increase in the load carrying capacity for the deep beams up to 58.5 % when compared to the beams without strengthened control one.
Potential assessment of immersive visualization for better cost definition during semi-detailed engineering phase
Authors: Arif F , Farooqi R A , Bayraktar M E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Traditional method of defining design and cost scope of project between the client and consultant requires repetitive updates and visualization. However, lack of proper visualization persists during this phase i.e. semi detailed engineering. This results in longer cost blackout periods and weaker cost control leading to less accurate budget scope. Mostly drawings and (sometimes) scaled models are used in getting feedback from client. With the emergence in the visualization technology, it is possible to get immersed in a full-scale interactive virtual environment and experience everything like it is happening in real. This technology has a potential to present things in “interactive-immersive-physics” enabled environment as a way to assist in cost and design appraisals happening between client and consultant. This paper aims at reviewing potential of “Immersive visualization” and summarizing the factors that can be controlled using the same in construction projects to improve cost engineering process during semi-detailed engineering phase. The study will provide knowledge base for implementing virtual reality into construction project scope definition. Review, potential best practices alongside inputs from field professionals and experts will be utilized to achieve the objectives of this study.
Evaluation of CO2 sequestration efficiency by Pozzolime concrete
Authors: Alsaad A J , al-Attar T S , Alshathr B S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reducing CO2 emissions from cement industry is vital. Portland cements manufacturing is responsible for 5 – 8 % of global greenhouse gases. Therefore, using alternative binders in concrete is necessary to reduce the environmental impact of cement. This work goals to investigate the efficiency of Pozzolime concrete in CO2 sequestration from the environment and then to convert it into calcium carbonate inside the concrete. The Pozzolime concrete was tested at the ages of 14, 28 and 56 days with two moist-curing ages; 14 and 28 days. The studied mixes were exposed to 15 and 25 % of CO2 concentration for a period of 24 hours. The efficiency was evaluated through compressive strength, carbonation depth, CO2-uptake and weight change. The results showed that higher concentration of CO2 for exposure of 24 hours caused a significantly higher carbonation depth. The maximum CO2 uptake was recorded at the age of 14 days for Pozzolime concrete, when exposed to 25% concentration of CO2.