bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronapandemie 2020: een kritisch perspectief
Authors: Pieterman Roel 
Published: December 2020

Corona Pandemic 2020: A critical perspective
Most countries in the world chose a more or less stringent form of lockdown policy in order to protect citizens from contagion. This essay offers a critical perspective by asking for the Netherlands whether flattening the curve does not cost more healthy life years (qaly’s) than it saves. A cost-benefit analysis is performed discussing four issues. First: how many qaly’s are actually saved by the lockdown measures? Second: what are the opportunity costs of the lockdown? This means investigating how many qaly’s could have been generated if the economic cost of the lockdown had been spent directly into health care. Third: investigating how many qaly’s are lost because of postponing regular care. And fourth: discussing how many qaly’s are at stake because of excess unemployment. While acknowledging uncertainties the conclusion seems unavoidable: lockdown has and will cost more qaly’s than it generates.
La perspectiva de los profesionales sobre la prevención basada en la evidencia
Authors: Pascual Barrio Belén , Sánchez Prieto Lydia , Orte Socías Carmen , Ballester Brage LLuís 
Published: December 2020

Los programas de prevención basados en la evidencia cuentan con la calidad del profesional como un elemento clave para su aplicación efectiva. Aun así, actualmente la mayor parte de acciones preventivas no se basan en este tipo de programas, lo cual favorece la existencia de resistencias por parte de los propios profesionales. Esta percepción negativa del modelo estandarizado se relaciona con la supuesta incompatibilidad del mismo con la práctica socioeducativa –y con un adecuado acompañamiento de las familias–, lo cual no permite valorar las posibilidades que el mismo modelo ofrece –como es el seguimiento sistemático y el conocimiento de los resultados–.
El estudio analiza estas resistencias y las implicaciones prácticas de las mismas haciendo balance de la experiencia de los propios profesionales que desarrollan su tarea como formadores en un PBE. Se aplica una metodología cualitativa a través de una entrevista semiestructurada que permite analizar las competencias que intervienen en la calidad de las intervenciones, así como estudiar las posibilidades de articulación de un modelo de intervención estandarizada (y sus componentes fundamentales) con la flexibilidad suficiente del profesional que le permita mantener su capacidad de dinamización grupal y de interacción necesaria con las familias.
The quality of the facilitator in an evidence-based family prevention programs is a key element for an effective application. Even so, currently most preventive actions are not based on this type of program, which favors the existence of resistance on the part of the facilitators themselves. The negative perception of the standardized models is related to the supposed incompatibility of them with the socio-educational practice -and with an adequate guidance of the families-, which does not allow to evaluate the possibilities that the same model offers, such as systematic avaluation and knowledge about the results.
The research analyzes these resistances and the practical implications of them, considering the experience of the professionals who are trainers in an evidence-based program. A qualitative methodology is applied through a semi-structured interview that allows to analyze the competences requiered for the quality of the interventions as well as to define of a standardized intervention model (and its main components) with the sufficient flexibility of the facilitator that allows him to maintain his capacity for group dynamization and necessary interaction with families.
Mujeres migrantes en albergues para jornaleros agrícolas: una aproximación a la vulnerabilidad social
Authors: Chávez Torres, Guillermina 
Published: December 2020

El estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la vulnerabilidad social a la que están expuestas las mujeres migrantes que viven temporalmente en albergues para jornaleros en el corte de caña en el municipio de Cuauhtémoc, Colima, México. Se diseñó un estudio cuantitativo para explorar elementos macro y micro objetivos que conforman el espacio temporal de mujeres migrantes a través de la categoría analítica de vulnerabilidad social. Los resultados preliminares del estudio[1] permitieron identificar que la vulnerabilidad social a la que están expuestas las mujeres estudiadas, se traduce en una pobreza generacional que se ha configurado por un sistema de exclusión que responde a su lugar de origen y el idioma indígena, una limitación al desarrollo de su capital humano por el rezago educativo y una restricción al desarrollo de su capital social por el desplazamiento pendular.

[1] Este artículo se deriva del proyecto Vulnerabilidad social de familias jornaleras migrantes en el corte de caña en Colima realizado de septiembre de 2018 a enero de 2020 con un financiamiento del Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente (PRODEP) en la convocatoria de NPTC (2018).
The objective of this paper is to make an approach to the social vulnerability that migrant women, temporally living in the cane cutting laborer’s shelters of Cuauhtemoc, Colima Mexico, are exposed to. The quantitative study was made using the analytical category of social vulnerability. The main results were the identification of macro and micro objective factors that signal to the existence of a limitation to the human capital development due to the educational lag, the generational poverty is configured by an exclusion system starting from the place of origin and the indigenous language, and the pendular displacement that hinders the social capital development.
Towards the Aesthetics of Early Friedrich Schlegel
Authors: Bychkov Victor 
Published: December 2020

The subject of the study is the aesthetics of early Friedrich Schlegel. In his aesthetics, Schlegel continues the traditions of German classical philosophy, focusing special attention on the principles of the beautiful and sublime in art. Schlegel considers beauty, like morality, to be inherently inherent in a person who, along with the moral, has an "aesthetic imperative". As a "transcendental factor", beauty is based on disinterested pleasure and represents an ideal that ancient Greek art approached at one time, and the aspiration for which modern art lacks so much. The highest beauty is organic ("vegetative") like nature; two main "elements" make up the essence of beauty: "phenomenon" and "good". The beautiful in its broad sense also encompasses the sublime. Schlegel pays special attention to the ugly as an aesthetic category opposed to the beautiful and sublime, and gives an outline of the future theory of the ugly. He connects the ugly with the animal nature of man and shows that it is based on the disgusting, painful, monstrous, "beggarly chaos" of being, manifesting an absolute denial. В The central aesthetic principles вЂ“ the beautiful and the sublime вЂ“ are opposed by two types of the ugly: the own ugly and the "sublimely ugly". Schelling considers art to be one of the main components of culture as a humanitarian factor and sees three types of culture: natural, organically growing on the basis of mythology (reached a high level in Antiquity), artificial, created on the basis of reason according to aesthetic laws (New European) and aesthetic, which means a special emphasis in culture on aesthetic essence, on artistry. Schlegel is convinced that further positive development of culture and art is possible only under the guidance of the "correct" aesthetic theory, the beginnings of which he learns from his contemporaries.
Macrel: antimicrobial peptide screening in genomes and metagenomes
Authors: Santos-Júnior Célio Dias , Pan Shaojun , Zhao Xing-Ming , Coelho Luis Pedro 
Published: December 2020

Motivation
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the potential to tackle multidrug-resistant pathogens in both clinical and non-clinical contexts. The recent growth in the availability of genomes and metagenomes provides an opportunity for in silico prediction of novel AMP molecules. However, due to the small size of these peptides, standard gene prospection methods cannot be applied in this domain and alternative approaches are necessary. In particular, standard gene prediction methods have low precision for short peptides, and functional classification by homology results in low recall.

Results
Here, we present Macrel (for metagenomic AMP classification and retrieval), which is an end-to-end pipeline for the prospection of high-quality AMP candidates from (meta)genomes. For this, we introduce a novel set of 22 peptide features. These were used to build classifiers which perform similarly to the state-of-the-art in the prediction of both antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of peptides, but with enhanced precision (using standard benchmarks as well as a stricter testing regime). We demonstrate that Macrel recovers high-quality AMP candidates using realistic simulations and real data.

Availability
Macrel is implemented in Python 3. It is available as open source at https://github.com/BigDataBiology/macrel and through bioconda. Classification of peptides or prediction of AMPs in contigs can also be performed on the webserver: https://big-data-biology.org/software/macrel.
Mapping of Tribal Products and Assessing the Business Potential in Bhadradri Kothagudem, Telangana
Authors: Sravyasree R. , Radhika P. , Seema . , Chary D. Srinivasa 
Published: December 2020

The tribes in India usually depend on collection and sale of agricultural and forests products for their need and source of income especially for those residing close to and in the forest fringe villages. Hence, this study was conducted to document the forest products collected by the people with the aim of contributing knowledge that could help increase the business potential of these forest products. The study employed simple random sampling technique for selection of sixty (60) respondents from the three tribal groups of Koya, Kondareddie and Lambada. Primary data were collected from 20 tribals from each tribal group and the secondary data was collected from sources like Tribal Welfare department, websites, journals, research papers, tribal stores records and books. The result revealed that majority of the forest products were collected by Koya and Kondareddie tribal groups. The products include amla, bamboo, honey, mahua flowers, tamarind and tendu leaves. These groups are also involved in making of bamboo baskets. On the other hand, Amla, tamarind and honey were collected by Lambada group as they are seen to be shifting towards other occupations. From the 216 family members of 60 tribal respondents, about 91 members were involved in collection of forest products. Majority (53%) of the people spend 50 - 100 days in collecting forest produce and around 42% spent 5-8 hours per day. In addition, about 28% each spent 1 - 4 hours and 9 - 12 hours for collection of forest produce in a day. The study also found that all the collected forest products by the tribals in the study area can be further processed to add value and enhance price. The price difference in raw and value added products ranged from 30%to as high as 1593%.
The Relationship between Haemoglobin Levels and Platelet Counts of Malaria Infected and Non-Infected Children in Offinso, Ghana
Authors: Paintsil Ellis Kobina , Akenten Charity Wiafe , Ofori Linda Aurelia 
Published: December 2020

Malaria is known to have significant effects on the body. This study, investigated the relation between platelet and haemoglobin levels of malaria positive and negative children (age range = 1-14 years). Out of the 1049 children (4.1± 3.3 years), comprising 493 females and 556 males who were tested for malaria parasites, the prevalence of malaria was 35.3%. Children aged one year with malaria recorded the least hemoglobin concentration of 8.0 ± 2.4g/dL. As the age of the children with malaria infection increase, the haemoglobin concentration also increased. The prevalence of anemia (<10 g/dL) in malaria infected children was 55.4% compared to 28.0% in children without malaria. Children with malaria infection were up to 4.0 (OR) times more likely to have severe anemia (<7 g/dL) than those uninfected. Furthermore, only 5.6% of malaria negative patients had thrombocytopenia (platelet <150 ); while 49.5% of malaria positive children had thrombocytopenia. There was a significant weak positive correlation (rho=0.277) between haemoglobin and platelet count of malaria positive children, but a weaker negative correlation (r = -0.088) in those without malaria. The haemoglobin levels and platelet counts of children without malaria followed the normal distribution, while those with malaria did not. Therefore, haemoglobin and platelet data from malaria negative and positive children should be analysed differently to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Toothpaste against Organisms Causing Dental Caries
Authors: Raj M. Shailaja , Hema R. , Thomas Anitha 
Published: December 2020

Aim: Dental caries occurs as a result of acid produced by bacteria which destroys the enamel and underlying dentin. A study was carried out to isolate microorganisms that cause dental caries in patients belonging to different age groups and find out the antimicrobial activity of various toothpastes against them.
Study Design: Collection of samples for isolation of caries causing organisms, to identify them using biochemical tests and test the activity of herbal toothpastes against them.
Place and duration of study: Samples were collected from Krish Multispeciality Clinic and Prashanth Dental Clinic, Nagole between June’2016 – December’2017 and worked on, at Microbiology Department, St. Francis College for women, Hyderabad.
Methodology: Ten samples of each age group from 10-20 yrs., 20-40 yrs. and 40-60 yrs. were isolated. The organisms were identified by carrying out various biochemical tests according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and molecular characterization based on 16s rRNA typing. Identified organisms were used to test the antimicrobial activity of herbal toothpastes by employing agar well diffusion method. ANOVA is used for statistical analysis.
Results and Conclusion: Patanjali herbal products like Dantkanti are gaining lot of importance and have become a part of life of common man because of their effectivity. Our studies revealed that out of the various toothpastes tested, Patanjali toothpaste had good antimicrobial activity against all the isolates. On comparative analysis of f-ratio and P significant value (< .05.) of all pairs, it is observed that Patanjali has good antimicrobial activity against all isolates tested. The efficacy of Meswak is almost similar to that of Patanjali.
Hydro-Geochemical Mechanisms of Brackish Shallow Groundwater Development- Coastal Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Authors: Mensah F. A. , Bartaya S. K. , Ofosu B. , Tagbor T. A. , Tiwari S. K. 
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the processes influencing the chemistry of surface and shallow groundwater in tropical coastal environments - south east of greater Accra region of Ghana using GIS models and combination of geological and hydro geochemical techniques for sustainable management of freshwater resources and abundantly available brackish water resources. A total of 37 shallow groundwater and 11 surface water samples were collected and analysed for their physico-chemical constituents.
The samples were adjusted to room temperature after which the hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity were measured with a precision of 0.01 for both parameters using a La Motte, USA in unfiltered samples. The analysis of major and minor ions were performed using ion chromatography (DIONEX-ICS-1000 Series). The geographical locations of the samples were recorded with the aid of a handheld Global Position System (GPS).
The analysed shallow groundwater indicates minimum salinity values of 70.2 psu/ppm, maximum salinity of 4398.3 psu/ppm with an average of 1571.4 psu/ppm whilst surface water has minimum salinity of 33.8 psu/ppm, maximum of 43574 psu/ppm with an average of 4972.6 psu/ppm therefore highly saline. The total minimum dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations is 87.5 ppm, maximum of 5160 ppm with an average of 1911.96 ppm for shallow groundwater and for surface water minimum of 38.4 ppm, maximum of 27100 ppm and average 3938.12 ppm.
Radical Compounds of Antimony and Bismuth
Authors: Lichtenberg Crispin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Recent years have seen considerable progress in the generation, synthesis, and characterization of transient, persistent, and isolable radical compounds of the heavy group 15 elements antimony and bismuth. This article points out strategies to successfully approach the synthesis of such compounds. Their properties in the solid state and in solution are summarized and compared. The unusual characteristics of antimony and bismuth radical compounds have allowed researchers to identify intriguing reactivity patterns in stoichiometric reactions, including reversible homolytic bond dissociation reactions, and the unconventional activation of P
4
and S
8
. In the fields of olefin polymerization, dehydrocoupling reactions, and cycloisomerization reactions, these findings could even be turned into catalytic applications, which are highlighted in the last sections of this article.
‘He was just your typical average guy’ Examining how person descriptions are elicited by frontline police officers
Authors: Dalton Gary , Milne Rebecca , Hope Lorraine , Vernham Zarah , Nunan Jordan 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPerson descriptions often lack the level of detail necessary to assist in the apprehension of a perpetrator. To date, it is not clear how person descriptions are obtained by frontline police officers. Worldwide, many police forces now use body worn video (BWV), which provides a unique opportunity to examine how frontline police officers gather person descriptions from witnesses. We examined how person descriptions (N = 207) were elicited by frontline police officers, with a particular focus on the types of questions used. BWV of 81 interactions involving 45 frontline police officers and 141 witnesses were analysed. Person descriptions were obtained using inappropriate questions 50.54% of the time, with leading questions being the most commonly used (44.84%). Appropriate questions (i.e., open questions) led to more information being provided (cf. inappropriate questions), including more fine‐ and coarse‐grain details. Implications for the training of frontline police officers are discussed.
Detection of Differences in Longitudinal Cartilage Thickness Loss Using a Deep‐Learning Automated Segmentation Algorithm: Data From the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Study of the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Eckstein Felix , Chaudhari Akshay S. , Fuerst David , Gaisberger Martin , Kemnitz Jana , Baumgartner Christian F. , Konukoglu Ender , Hunter David J. , Wirth Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo study the longitudinal performance of fully automated cartilage segmentation in knees with radiographic osteoarthritis (OA), we evaluated the sensitivity to change in progressor knees from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health OA Biomarkers Consortium between the automated and previously reported manual expert segmentation, and we determined whether differences in progression rates between predefined cohorts can be detected by the fully automated approach.MethodsThe OA Initiative Biomarker Consortium was a nested case–control study. Progressor knees had both medial tibiofemoral radiographic joint space width loss (≥0.7 mm) and a persistent increase in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain scores (≥9 on a 0–100 scale) after 2 years from baseline (n = 194), whereas non‐progressor knees did not have either of both (n = 200). Deep‐learning automated algorithms trained on radiographic OA knees or knees of a healthy reference cohort (HRC) were used to automatically segment medial femorotibial compartment (MFTC) and lateral femorotibial cartilage on baseline and 2‐year follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging. Findings were compared with previously published manual expert segmentation.ResultsThe mean ± SD MFTC cartilage loss in the progressor cohort was –181 ± 245 μm by manual segmentation (standardized response mean [SRM] –0.74), –144 ± 200 μm by the radiographic OA–based model (SRM –0.72), and –69 ± 231 μm by HRC‐based model segmentation (SRM –0.30). Cohen's d for rates of progression between progressor versus the non‐progressor cohort was –0.84 (P < 0.001) for manual, –0.68 (P < 0.001) for the automated radiographic OA model, and –0.14 (P = 0.18) for automated HRC model segmentation.ConclusionA fully automated deep‐learning segmentation approach not only displays similar sensitivity to change of longitudinal cartilage thickness loss in knee OA as did manual expert segmentation but also effectively differentiates longitudinal rates of loss of cartilage thickness between cohorts with different progression profiles.
A Low‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Full Battery: Superb Kinetics and Cycling Stability
Authors: Rui Xianhong , Zhang Xianghua , Xu Shitan , Tan Huiteng , Jiang Yu , Gan Li Yong , Feng Yuezhan , Li Cheng Chao , Yu Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe increasingly stringent requirement in large‐scale energy storage necessitates the development of high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) that can operate under low‐temperature (LT) environment. Although SIBs can achieve good cycling stability and rate performance at room temperature, the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics at low temperature remains a great challenge for SIBs. Here, a superior LT SIB composed of 3D porous Na3V2(PO4)3/C (NVP/C‐F) and NaTi2(PO4)3/C foams (NTP/C‐F) is developed. First‐principles calculations reveal that the intrinsic Na+ diffusivity in NASICON‐type NVP and NTP is extremely high (maximum 3.84 × 10−5 for NVP and 2.94 × 10−9 cm2 s−1 for NTP) at –20 °C. In addition, the designed 3D interconnected porous foam structures demonstrate excellent electrolyte absorption ability and Na+ transport performance at low temperature. As a result, under −20 °C, the NVP/CF and NTP/CF electrodes (half‐cell configuration) can attain reversible capacities close to their theoretical values, and are able to be charged and discharged rapidly (20 C) for 1000 cycles. Based on these features, the designed NTP/CF||NVP/CF full cell also displays superb LT kinetics and cycling stability, making a great stride forward in the development of LT SIBs.