bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to work after oropharyngeal cancer treatment—Highlighting a growing working‐age population
Authors: Granström Brith , Tiblom Ehrsson Ylva , Holmberg Erik , Hammerlid Eva , Beran Martin , Tano Krister , Laurell Göran ,   Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR)
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the frequency of patients returning to work after treatment for oropharyngeal cancer and to identify predictors and physical barriers that might interfere with the return to work process.MethodsCross‐sectional study including 295 patients. Data were collected regarding work/sick leave situation at 1 month before diagnosis and 15 months after diagnosis. The situation before diagnosis was retrospectively recalled by the patients. Two subscales and two single items from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐H&N35 were used. Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression.ResultsFifteen months after diagnosis, 212 patients (72%) were working. To be working 15 months after diagnosis was associated with working before diagnosis. Swallowing difficulties, problems talking on the telephone, and physical appearance were negatively associated with returning to work.ConclusionsThe large number of individuals returning to work is encouraging for patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection and heat transfer from multiple heated blocks
Authors: Rahim K. M. Zamilur , Ahmed Jamil , Nag Preetom , Molla Md. Mamun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study is aimed to investigate the natural convection heat transfer from discrete heat sources (similar to heated microchips) using Bhatnagar‐Gross‐Krook lattice Boltzmann method via graphics process unit computing. The simulation is carried out separately for three and six heated blocks model for different Rayleigh numbers and fixed Prandtl number, (air). The uniformly heated blocks are placed at the bottom wall inside a rectangular enclosure. The enclosure is maintained by the cold temperature at its left and right walls. The top and bottom surface is maintained by adiabatic conditions apart from the regions where blocks are attached to the bottom wall. The numerical code is validated with the benchmark heat transfer problem of side‐heated square cavity as well as with an experimental study for one discrete heat source. The rate of heat transfer is presented in terms of the local Nusselt and average Nusselt number for each block. It is found that the heat transfer rate becomes maximized in the leftmost and rightmost blocks due to the adjacent cold walls. It is found that the number of blocks and their positions play a substantial role in determining their collective performance on the heat transfer rate.
Origin of pressure‐induced insulator‐to‐metal transition in the van der Waals compound FePS3 from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Evarestov Robert A. , Kuzmin Alexei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPressure‐induced insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) has been studied in the van der Waals compound iron thiophosphate (FePS3) using first‐principles calculations within the periodic linear combination of atomic orbitals method with hybrid Hartree–Fock‐DFT B3LYP functional. Our calculations reproduce correctly the IMT at ∼15 GPa, which is accompanied by a reduction of the unit cell volume and of the vdW gap. We found from the detailed analysis of the projected density of states that the 3p states of phosphorus atoms contribute significantly at the bottom of the conduction band. As a result, the collapse of the band gap occurs due to changes in the electronic structure of FePS3 induced by relative displacements of phosphorus or sulfur atoms along the c‐axis direction under pressure.
Molecular dynamics analysis of Mg2+‐dependent cleavage of a pistol ribozyme reveals a fail‐safe secondary ion for catalysis
Authors: Joseph Newlyn N. , Roy Raktim N. , Steitz Thomas A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPistol ribozymes comprise a class of small, self‐cleaving RNAs discovered via comparative genomic analysis. Prior work in the field has probed the kinetics of the cleavage reaction, as well as the influence of various metal ion cofactors that accelerate the process. In the current study, we performed unbiased and unconstrained molecular dynamics simulations from two current high‐resolution pistol crystal structures, and we analyzed trajectory data within the context of the currently accepted ribozyme mechanistic framework. Root‐mean‐squared deviations, radial distribution functions, and distributions of nucleophilic angle‐of‐attack reveal insights into the potential roles of three magnesium ions with respect to catalysis and overall conformational stability of the molecule. A series of simulation trajectories containing in silico mutations reveal the relatively flexible and partially interchangeable roles of two particular magnesium ions within solvated hydrogen‐bonding distances from the catalytic center.
CircAP2A2 acts as a ceRNA to participate in infantile hemangiomas progression by sponging miR‐382‐5p via regulating the expression of VEGFA
Authors: Yuan Xiaoqi , Xu Yanan , Wei Zhiqiang , Ding Qi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidences reveal that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial functions in cancer development. However, the expression pattern and roles of circRNAs in infantile hemangiomas (IH) remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, qRT‐PCR was performed to determine the expression of circAP2A2, miR‐382‐5p, and VEGFA in IH tissues and cell lines. Moreover, MTT assay, colony formation, transwell assay, and Western blot analysis were conducted to assess the function of circAP2A2 or miR‐382‐5p on cell proliferation, and migration in vitro, respectively. Also, dual luciferase assay was used to confirm the interactions among circAP2A2, miR‐382‐5p, and VEGFA.ResultsCircAP2A2 was confirmed to be highly expressed in IH. CircAP2A2 knockdown or miR‐382‐5p overexpression decreased the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of HemECs and HUVEC cells.ConclusionCircAP2A2 could promote proliferation and invasion of IH by regulating miR‐382‐5p/VEGFA axis.
What do the Universal Test and Treat trials tell us about the path to HIV epidemic control?
Authors: Havlir Diane , Lockman Shahin , Ayles Helen , Larmarange Joseph , Chamie Gabriel , Gaolathe Tendani , Iwuji Collins , Fidler Sarah , Kamya Moses , Floyd Sian , Moore Janet , Hayes Richard , Petersen Maya , Dabis Francois ,   on behalf of the (Universal Test, Treat Trials) UT3 Consortium
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionAchieving HIV epidemic control globally will require new strategies to accelerate reductions in HIV incidence and mortality. Universal test and treat (UTT) was evaluated in four randomized population‐based trials (BCPP/Ya Tsie, HPTN 071/PopART, SEARCH, ANRS 12249/TasP) conducted in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) during expanded antiretroviral treatment (ART) eligibility by World Health Organization guidelines and the UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 campaign.DiscussionThese three‐year studies were conducted in Botswana, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya and South Africa in settings with baseline HIV prevalence from 4% to 30%. Key observations across studies were: (1) Universal testing (implemented via a variety of home and community‐based testing approaches) achieved >90% coverage in all studies. (2) When coupled with robust linkage to HIV care, rapid ART start and patient‐centred care, UTT achieved among the highest reported population levels of viral suppression in SSA. Significant gains in population‐level viral suppression were made in regions with both low and high baseline population viral load; however, viral suppression gains were not uniform across all sub‐populations and were lower among youth. (3) UTT resulted in marked reductions in community HIV incidence when universal testing and robust linkage were present. However, HIV elimination targets were not reached. In BCPP and HPTN 071, annualized HIV incidence was approximately 20% to 30% lower in the intervention (which included universal testing) compared to control arms (no universal testing). In SEARCH (where both arms had universal testing), incidence declined 32% over three years. (4) UTT reduced HIV associated mortality by 23% in the intervention versus control communities in SEARCH, a study in which mortality was comprehensively measured.ConclusionsThese trials provide strong evidence that UTT inclusive of universal testing increases population‐level viral suppression and decreases HIV incidence and mortality faster than the status quo in SSA and should be adapted at a sub‐country level as a public health strategy. However, more is needed, including integration of new prevention interventions into UTT, in order to reach UNAIDS HIV elimination targets.
Long‐term impacts of grazing management on land degradation in a rural community of Southern Italy: Depopulation matters
Authors: Quaranta Giovanni , Salvia Rosanna , Salvati Luca , Paola Velia De , Coluzzi Rosa , Imbrenda Vito , Simoniello Tiziana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDepopulation and economic marginalization of rural districts have induced a progressive land abandonment in agricultural and pastoral districts. In Europe, areas at higher risk of farmland abandonment are characterized by low‐intensity pasture systems whose fate is strongly dependent on state incentives or subsidies to rural development promoting more sustainable land‐use trajectories. Especially in Southern Europe, undergrazing is the main driver of pasture degradation. In such a context, a land management preserving pasture resilience requires a wider knowledge about the impact of practices on the ecological characteristics of pastures and an improved understanding of complex socio‐environmental interactions underlying the adoption of such practices. Based on these premises, this study investigates the extent to which the past land management reflects the current state of agro‐pastoral systems in a local community of Southern Apennine (Basilicata, Italy). Based on a multi‐scale analysis integrating multiple sources of data and exploratory techniques, three land‐use trajectories with different implications for land degradation were identified: (a) areas completely abandoned, (b) areas with a decrease in grazing where the management system is remained unchanged, and (c) areas characterized by a decrease in grazing with changes in the management system. Results outline the importance of landscape history shaping (optimal and sub‐optimal) land management and the influence of landscape structure on livestock performances within different farm management types.
Assessing spatial patterns of soil erosion in a high‐latitude rangeland
Authors: Streeter Richard T. , Cutler Nick A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh‐latitude areas are experiencing rapid change: we therefore need a better understanding of the processes controlling soil erosion in these environments. We used a spatiotemporal approach to investigate soil erosion in Svalbarðstunga, Iceland (66°N, 15°W), a degraded rangeland. We used three complementary datasets: (a) high‐resolution unmanned‐aerial vehicle imagery collected from 12 sites (total area ~0.75 km2); (b) historical imagery of the same sites; and (c) a simple, spatially‐explicit cellular automata model. Sites were located along a gradient of increasing altitude and distance from the sea, and varied in erosion severity (5–47% eroded). We found that there was no simple relationship between location along the environmental gradient and the spatial characteristics of erosion. Patch‐size frequency distributions lacked a characteristic scale of variation, but followed a power‐law distribution on five of the 12 sites. Present total eroded area is poorly related to current, site‐scale levels of environmental stress, but the number of small erosion patches did reflect site‐level stress. Small (<25 m2) erosion patches clustered near large patches. The model results suggested that the large‐scale patterns observed likely arise from strong, local interactions, which mean that erosion spreads from degraded areas. Our findings suggest that contemporary erosion patterns reflect historical stresses, as well as current environmental conditions. The importance of abiotic processes to the growth of large erosion patches and their relative insensitivity to current environmental conditions makes it likely that the total eroded area will continue to increase, despite a warming climate and reducing levels of grazing pressure.
Analysis of Liver Resection Versus Liver Transplantation on Outcome of Small Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Combined Hepatocellular‐Cholangiocarcinoma in the Setting of Cirrhosis
Authors: De Martin Eleonora , Rayar Michael , Golse Nicolas , Dupeux Margot , Gelli Maximiliano , Gnemmi Viviane , Allard Marc Antoine , Cherqui Daniel , Sa Cunha Antonio , Adam Rene , Coilly Audrey , Antonini Teresa Maria , Guettier Catherine , Samuel Didier , Boudjema Karim , Boleslawski Emmanuel , Vibert Eric 
Published: February 2020

This multicenter study compares the outcomes of patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation (LT) or liver resection (LR) between January 2002 and July 2015 who had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) or combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA) found incidentally in the native liver. A total of 49 (65%) LT and 26 (35%) LR patients with cirrhosis and histologically confirmed iCCA/cHCC‐CCA ≤5 cm were retrospectively analyzed. LT patients had significantly lower tumor recurrence (18% versus 46%; P = 0.01), for which the median diameter of the largest nodule (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02‐1.12]; P = 0.006) and tumor differentiation (HR, 3.74; 95% CI 1.71‐8.17; P = 0.001) were independently predictive. The LT group had significantly higher 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS; 75% versus 36%; P = 0.004). In patients with tumors >2 cm but ≤5 cm, LT patients had a lower recurrence rate (21% versus 48%; P = 0.06) and a higher 5‐year RFS (74% versus 40%; P = 0.06). Independent risk factors for recurrence were LT (protective; HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07‐0.82; P = 0.02), the median diameter of the largest nodule (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.73; P = 0.007), and tumor differentiation (HR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.37‐12.66; P = 0.01). In the LT group, 5‐year survival reached 69% and 65% (P = 0.40) in patients with tumors ≤2 cm and >2‐5 cm, respectively, and survival was also comparable between iCCA and cHCC‐CCA patients (P = 0.29). LT may offer a benefit for highly selected patients with cirrhosis and unresectable iCCA/cHCC‐CCA having tumors ≤5 cm. Efforts should be made to evaluate tumor differentiation, and these results need to be confirmed prospectively in a larger population.
Chloride‐induced steel corrosion in alkali‐activated fly ash mortar: Increased propensity for corrosion initiation at defects
Authors: Gluth Gregor J. G. , Ebell Gino , Hlaváček Petr , Mietz Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChloride contents at the steel–mortar interface that initiate steel corrosion were determined for carbon steel in alkali‐activated fly ash mortar for three different exposure conditions: exposure to 1 M NaCl solution; leaching in deionized water and then exposure to 1 M NaCl solution; and leaching in deionized water, aging in air at 20°C and natural CO2 concentration, and then exposure to 1 M NaCl solution. For comparison, a Portland cement mortar, exposed to 1 M NaCl solution, was studied. The median values of the corrosion‐initiating chloride contents (average over the full length of the rebar) in the alkali‐activated fly ash mortar varied between 0.35 and 1.05 wt% Cl with respect to binder, consistently lower than what was obtained for the Portland cement mortar, but with no clear trend regarding the exposure conditions. For most of the alkali‐activated fly ash mortar specimens, preferential corrosion at the connection between the working electrode and the external measurement setup was observed, while preferential corrosion did not occur for the Portland cement mortar. Scanning electron microscopy and auxiliary experiments in synthetic solutions indicated that this behavior was caused by inhomogeneities at the steel–mortar interface in the alkali‐activated mortar, likely due to its peculiar rheological properties in the fresh state.
Corrosion behaviour of steel in mortar with wood biomass ash
Authors: Serdar Marijana , Carević Ivana , Nardin Mateo , Štirmer Nina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the influence of partial cement substitution with biomass ash on the corrosion behaviour of steel embedded in the mortar. To evaluate this influence, corrosion parameters of steel in mortar exposed to tap water and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were monitored over a period of 50 days. The electrochemical cell consisted of a steel plate as a working electrode, covered with a layer of mortar that was exposed to the testing solution. Open‐circuit potential and linear polarisation were used to monitor changes in corrosion behaviour, whereas electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the conductivity of the matrix. Additional to corrosion parameters, the chloride migration coefficient was tested after 28 days. On the basis of the results, it was observed that mortars with biomass ash provide equal or better protection for embedded steel, compared with the reference mortar. Mortars that performed slightly better than the reference mortar and other mortars were prepared with ashes with a higher amount of pozzolanic oxides.
3D Printed Sugar‐Sensing Hydrogels
Authors: Bruen Danielle , Delaney Colm , Chung Johnson , Ruberu Kalani , Wallace Gordon G. , Diamond Dermot , Florea Larisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ability of boronic acids (BAs) to reversibly bind diols, such as sugars, has been widely studied in recent years. In solution, through the incorporation of additional fluorophores, the BA–sugar interaction can be monitored by changes in fluorescence. Ultimately, a practical realization of this technology requires a transition from solution‐based methodologies. Herein, the first example of 3D‐printed sugar‐sensing hydrogels, achieved through the incorporation of a BA–fluorophore pair in a gelatin methacrylamide‐based matrix is presented. Through optimization of monomeric cocktails, it is possible to use extrusion printing to generate structured porous hydrogels which show a measurable and reproducible linear fluorescence response to glucose and fructose up to 100 mm.
Association Between Lifestyle and Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype in the PREDIMED‐Plus Study
Authors: Fernández‐García José Carlos , Muñoz‐Garach Araceli , Martínez‐González Miguel Ángel , Salas‐Salvado Jordi , Corella Dolores , Hernáez Álvaro , Romaguera Dora , Vioque Jesús , Alonso‐Gómez Ángel M. , Wärnberg Julia , Martínez J. Alfredo , Serra‐Majem Luís , Estruch Ramón , Lapetra José , Pintó Xavier , Tur Josep A. , Garcia‐Rios Antonio , García Molina Laura , Gaforio José Juan , Matía‐Martín Pilar , Daimiel Lidia , Martín Sánchez Vicente , Vidal Josep , Prieto Lucia , Ros Emilio , Goñi Nuria , Babio Nancy , Ortega‐Azorin Carolina , Castañer Olga , Konieczna Jadwiga , Notario Barandiaran Leyre , Vaquero‐Luna Jessica , Benavente‐Marín Juan Carlos , Zulet M. Angeles , Sanchez‐Villegas Almudena , Sacanella Emilio , Gómez Huelgas Ricardo , Miró‐Moriano Leticia , Gimenez‐Gracia Mariano , Julibert Alicia , Razquin Cristina , Basora Josep , Portolés Olga , Goday Albert , Galmés‐Panadés Aina M. , López‐García Carmen M. , Moreno‐Rodriguez Anai , Toledo Estefanía , Díaz‐López Andrés , Fitó Montserrat , Tinahones Francisco J. , Bernal‐López M. Rosa ,   PREDIMED‐Plus Investigators
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is characterized by abdominal obesity and high levels of triglycerides. In a cross‐sectional assessment of PREDIMED‐Plus trial participants at baseline, HTGW phenotype prevalence was evaluated, associated risk factors were analyzed, and the lifestyle of individuals with metabolic syndrome and HTGW was examined.MethodsA total of 6,874 individuals aged 55 to 75 with BMI ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/m2 were included and classified by presence (HTGW+) or absence (HTGW−) of HTGW (waist circumference: men ≥ 102 cm, women ≥ 88 cm; fasting plasma triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL). Analytical parameters and lifestyle (energy intake and expenditure) were analyzed.ResultsA total of 38.2% of the sample met HTGW+ criteria. HTGW+ individuals tended to be younger, have a greater degree of obesity, be sedentary, and be tobacco users. They had higher peripheral glucose, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; had lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and had increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and physical activity were greater in HTGW− patients. Age, BMI, tobacco use, total energy expenditure, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and MedDiet adherence were associated with HTGW+.ConclusionsHTGW is a highly prevalent phenotype in this population associated with younger age, higher BMI, tobacco use, and decreased MedDiet adherence. HTGW− individuals were more physically active with greater total physical activity, and fewer had hypertension.
Nephrotoxicity Risk and Clinical Effectiveness of Continuous versus Intermittent Infusion Vancomycin Among Patients in an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Program
Authors: Shakeraneh Pegah , Fazili Tasaduq , Wang Dongliang , Gilotra Tarvinder , Steele Jeffrey M. , Seabury Robert W. , Miller Christopher D. , Darko William , Probst Luke A. , Kufel Wesley D. 
Published: February 2020

Study ObjectiveTo compare rates of nephrotoxicity, time to nephrotoxicity onset, and clinical failure among patients who received continuous infusion (C‐I) or intermittent infusion (I‐I) vancomycin in an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program. Nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in serum creatinine greater than 0.5 mg/dl or a 50% increase from baseline for two consecutive measurements while receiving vancomycin during OPAT. Clinical failure was defined as unplanned readmission, extension of therapy, or change in antibiotics.DesignSingle‐center propensity score‐matched retrospective cohort study.SettingOPAT clinic affiliated with two nearby hospitals.PatientsWe identified 300 patients who received C‐I or I‐I vancomycin for at least 1 week in the OPAT program between October 1, 2017, and March 31, 2019. Propensity score matching based on age, sex, and infection was performed to minimize differences in patient characteristics between groups.Measurements and Main ResultsAfter propensity score matching and exclusion criteria, 74 patients were included in each cohort. Continuous infusion vancomycin was associated with a 3.22‐fold decrease in nephrotoxicity risk (C‐I 6.8% [5/74 patients] vs I‐I 18.9% [14/74 patients]; odds ratio 3.22, 95% confidence interval 1.10–9.46, p=0.027) and a significantly slower onset to nephrotoxicity compared with I‐I (p=0.035). No statistically significant difference in clinical failure rates was observed between the C‐I and I‐I groups (13.5% [10/74 patients] vs 23.0% [17/74 patients], p=0.147).ConclusionIn an OPAT setting, C‐I vancomycin was associated with a lower risk of and slower onset to nephrotoxicity than I‐I vancomycin; however, no statistically significant difference in clinical failure rates was observed with C‐I versus I‐I vancomycin.