bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis for the LNM risk factors and effect of chemotherapy for the early colorectal cancer: A Chinese multicenter study
Authors: Zeng Chunyan , Xiong Dandan , Cheng Fei , Luo Qingtian , Wang Qiang , Huang Jun , Lan Guilian , Zhong Huan , Chen Youxiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Estimating the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for determining subsequent treatments following curative resection of early colorectal cancer (ECC). This multicenter study analyzed the risk factors of LNM and the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with ECC.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 473 patients with ECC who underwent general surgery in five hospitals between January 2007 and October 2018. The correlations between LNM and sex, age, tumor size, tumor location, endoscopic morphology, pathology, depth of invasion and tumor budding (TB) were directly estimated based on postoperative pathological analysis. We also observed the overall survival (OS) and recurrence in ECC patients with and without LNM after matching according to baseline measures. Results In total, 473 ECC patients were observed, 288 patients were enrolled, and 17 patients had LNM (5.90%). The univariate analysis revealed that tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion were associated with LNM in ECC (P=0.026, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively), and the multivariate logistic regression confirmed that tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion were risk factors for LNM (P=0.021, 0.023, and 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in OS and recurrence between the ECC patients with and without LNM after matching based on baseline measures (P=0.158 and 0.346, respectively), and no significant difference was observed between chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in ECC patients without LNM after surgery (P=0.729 and 0.052).Conclusion Tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion are risk factors for predicting LNM in ECC patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy could improve OS and recurrence in patients with LNM but not always in ECC patients without LNM.
Biological evaluation of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU as a PET tracer for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Liping , Xiang Xianhong , Su Shu , Liu Shaoyu , Xiong Ying , Ma Hui , Yuan Gongjun , Nie Dahong , Tang Ganghua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose 18F-labeled amino acids (AAs) as tumor-specific imaging agents play a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imaging. In this work, we evaluated the synthesis and biological properties of a simple 18F-labeled glutamate analogue, [18F]AlF-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic-acid-2-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl))-l-glutamate ([18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU) for HCC imaging via one-step reaction sequence. Methods [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was synthesized via the one-step reaction sequence from NOTA-NSC-GLU. In order to investigate the imaging value of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU in HCC, we conducted PET/CT imaging and competitive binding of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU in human Hep3B tumor-bearing mice. The transport mechanism of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was determined by competitive inhibition and protein incorporation experiments in vitro. Results [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was prepared without decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 29.3 ± 5.6% (n=10) within 20 min. In vitro competitive inhibition experiments demonstrated that Na+-dependent Systems XAG-, B0+, ASC and minor XC- were involved in the uptake of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU, with Na+-dependent System XAG- possibly playing a more dominant role. Protein incorporation studies of the Hep3B human hepatoma cell line found almost no protein incorporation. Micro-PET/CT imaging with [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU showed good tumor-to-background contrast in Hep3B human hepatoma-bearing mouse models. After [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU injection, the tumor-to-liver uptake ratio of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was 2.06 ± 0.17 at 30 min post-injection. In vivo competitive binding experiments exhibited that the tumor-to-liver uptake ratio decreased by the addition of the inhibitors to block the system XAG-. Conclusion We have successfully synthesized [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU as a novel PET tracer with good radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. Our findings indicate that [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU might have good clinical potential as a PET tumor-detecting agent for HCC imaging.
Primary and secondary aortopathy associated with adult congenital heart disease - retrospective study&nbsp;
Authors: Schusterova Ingrid , Banovcinova Alzbeta , Vachalcova Marianna , Jakubova Marta , Artemiou Panagiotis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary and secondary aortopathy are frequently encountered in patients with congenital heart disease. The aim of this study is to present our experience and the incidence of primary and secondary adult CHD-associated aortopathy.Methods. The cohort is comprised of adult patients with congenital heart disease from the registry of the Eastern Slovakia Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases. Data from the last follow-up examinations are included in this study. In the primary and secondary aortopathy groups were 35 and 12 patients respectively. As a control group were selected 64 patients with non aortopathy associated congenital heart disease (atrial and ventricular septal defect).Results: Patients with primary and secondary aortopathy had larger ascending aorta/aortic root diameters than the control group (36.28 (26-49) mm vs 30.25 (21-41) mm p=0.000113, 33.82 27-49) mm vs 29.03 (19-38)mm p=0.000366 and 42.1 (30-50) mm vs 30.25 (21-41) mm, p=0.000106, 35.67 (27-48) mm vs 29.03 (19-38) mm, p=0.000119 respectively). Moreover, patients with secondary aortopathy had statistically significant larger ascending aorta diameter compared to the patients with primary aortopathy ( 42.1 (30-50) mm vs 36.28 ( 26-49) mm p=0.030). During the follow-up period, were performed only in 2 patients (one from each group) operations on the aortic root and the ascending aorta due to aortic root or ascending aorta dilatation.Conclusion: More patients with secondary aortopathy had dilated ascending aorta/ aortic root, as well as larger aortic diameters compare to the patients with primary aortopathy. Routine follow-up of these patients with attention to aortic diameter is necessary.
Primarily Treated Patients versus Referred Patients in the Treatment of Native Septic Arthritis of Digits: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Kwak Sang Ho , Bae Jung Yun , Oh Youngkwang , Jang Hyo Seok , Ahn Tae Young , Lee Sang Hyun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Septic arthritis of digits needs urgent treatment. When treatments delayed or insufficient, patients may be referred to the upper-level hospital due to uncontrolled infection. We reviewed the treatment history of referred patients and compared the microorganisms and the clinical course of both primary and referred patients as relevant studies are rare.

Methods
In this retrospective review of consecutive case series, 45 patients (primary, n =11; referred, n =34) were treated with multiple irrigation and debridement. Cefazolin was used as empiric antibiotics, then changed according to microbiologic study. Previously used antibiotics, treatment delay, surgical history of the referred patients were reviewed. Identified microorganisms, required surgical intervention, hospital stay, radiologic outcome, functional outcomes were compared between both groups.

Results
In the referred patients, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was commonly found and cefazolin was susceptible in only 15% of the cases. Longer hospital stay, prolonged antibiotic therapy, more surgical intervention including flap surgery was required to treat the referred patients. Postoperative pain was not severe in daily activities, but the final range of motion was significantly less in the referred patients compared to the primary patients.

Conclusions
This study suggests that in the treatment of uncontrolled septic arthritis of the digits, antibiotic agents covering MRSA may shorten the duration of antibiotic therapy in areas of high MRSA incidence. Besides, more number of I & D including flap surgery may be required for the referred patients compared with the primary patients. These findings can help the surgeon in setting up a treatment plan or in counseling of referred patients with uncontrolled septic arthritis of the digits.
Compositional and functional comparisons of the microbiota in the colostrum and mature milk of dairy goats
Authors: Niyazbekova Zhannur , Yao Xiao-Ting , Liu Ming-Jie , Bold Nomin , Tong Juan-Zhen , Chang Jian-Jun , Wen Ying , Li Li , Wang Yong , Chen De-Kun , Ma Wen-Tao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to erroneous posting.
Genetic Analysis of Children with Congenital Ocular Anomalies in Three Ecological Regions of Nepal: A Phase II of Nepal Pediatric Ocular Diseases Study
Authors: Adhikari Srijana , Thakur Neelam , Shrestha Ujjowala , Shrestha Mohan , Shrestha Murari Man , Thapa Bijaya , Poudel Manish , Kunwar Ajay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Genetic eye diseases constitute a large and heterogeneous group of childhood ocular morbidity. Individual diseases may cause multiple structural anomalies and developmental features. Nepal Pediatric Ocular Disease Study (NPODS) was a population-based epidemiological study conducted across three ecological regions of Nepal to determine the prevalence and etiology of childhood ocular morbidity and blindness. In Phase II of this study, genetic analysis was performed for children who were found to have congenital ocular anomalies. Method: It was a cross sectional descriptive study. A total of 10,270 children across three different ecological regions in Nepal (Low lands, hills, and mountains) underwent ocular examinations in NPODS. Out of 374 (3.6%) of children with ocular abnormalities, 30 were thought to be congenital in nature. Targeted genetic analysis, including genotyping for genes specific to presenting phenotype, was performed for 25 children using serum samples. Results: Out of 25 children, 18 had meaningful genetic results. Analysis revealed one missense alteration G12411T of Zinc Finger Homeobox 4 (ZFHX4) gene in one participant among 10 with congenital ptosis and another missense variation T>C P. Y374 C of Signaling Receptor and Transporter Retinol 6 (STRA6) gene in one participant among 3 with microphthalmos.Conclusion: The study is first of its kind from Nepal and mutant genes were unique to Nepalese Population. Further analysis of genetic factors is crucial to better understand genetic association with ocular diseases and conditions. This helps further in genetic counseling and probably gene therapy to prevent blindness from these conditions.
Transcriptome analysis reveals underlying immune response mechanism of fungal (Penicillium oxalicum) disease in Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Wang Yanhua , Gao Yugang , Zang Pu , Xu Yue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow is a medicinal plant. G. elata f. glauca is unavoidably infected by pathogens in their growth process. In previous work, we have successfully isolated and identified Penicillium oxalicum from fungal diseased tubers of G. elata f. glauca . As a widespread epidemic, this fungal disease seriously affected the yield and quality of G. elata f. glauca . We speculate that the healthy G. elata f. glauca might carry resistance genes , which can resist against fungal disease. In this study, healthy and fungal diseased mature tubers of G. elata f. glauca from Changbai Mountain area were used as experimental materials to help us find the potential resistance genes against fungal disease. Results: A total of 7540 differentially expressed Unigenes (DEGs) were identified (FDR<0.01, log2FC>2). The current study screened 10 potential resistance genes. They were attached to transcription factors (TFs) in plant hormone signal transduction pathway and plant pathogen interaction pathway, including WRKY22, GH3, TIFY/JAZ, ERF1, WRKY33, TGA. In addition, four of these genes were closely related to jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Conclusions: The immune response mechanism of fungal disease in G. elata f. glauca is a complex biological process, involving plant hormones such as ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and disease-resistant transcription factors such as WRKY, TGA.
HKDC1 promotes the tumorigenesis and glycolysis in lung adenocarcinoma via regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway2
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Shi Bowen , Zhao Yue , Lu Qijue , Fei Xiang , Lu Chaojing , Li Chunguang , Chen Hezhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Hexokinase domain component 1 (HKDC1) plays an oncogenic role in certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma, liver cancer, and breast cancer. Previous bioinformatics study revealed that HKDC1 was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, its biological functions and potential mechanism in LUAD have not been studied.Methods: We performed bioinformatics analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and a series of functional assays in vitro and in vivo to investigate the roles of HKDC1 in LUAD.Results: We discovered that HKDC1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues and cell lines, and the positive expression of HKDC1 was correlated with aberrant clinicopathological characteristics in LUAD patients. Furthermore, HKDC1 could serve as a prognostic predictor for LUAD patients. Overexpression of HKDC1 promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, glycolysis, EMT and tumorigenicity, whereas knockdown of HKDC1 produced the opposite functional effects. Mechanistically, HKDC1 could regulate the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to perform its biological function.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HKDC1 plays an oncogenic role in LUAD. Targeting this gene may provide a promising therapeutic target to delay LUAD progression.
Model for Utilizing Distance Learning post COVID-19 using (PACT)™ A Cross Sectional Qualitative Study
Authors: Ahmed Samar A , Hegazy Nagwa Nashat , Malak Hany W. Abdel , Kayser Cliff W. , Elrafie Noha M , Hassanien Mohammed , Al-Hayani Abdulmonem A , Saadany Sherif A El , AI-Youbi Abdulrahman O , Shehata Mohamed Hany Kamel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCOVID -19 pandemic pressured medical schools globally to shift to Distance learning (DL) as an alternative way to ensure that the content delivered is satisfactory for student progression.Aim of the workThis work aims at mapping priorities for post-COVID planning for better balance between distance learning and face to face learning.MethodsThis qualitative study aimed to develop a model for utilizing DL using The Polarity Approach for Continuity and Transformation (PACT)™. A virtual mapping session was held with 79 faculty from 19 countries. They worked in small groups to determine upsides and downsides of face-to-face and DL subsequently. An initial polarity map was generated identifying five tension areas; Faculty, Students, Curriculum, Social aspects and Logistics. A 63-item assessment tool was generated based on this map, piloted and then distributed as a self-administered assessment. The outcomes of this assessment were utilized for another mapping session to discuss warning signs and action steps to maintain upsides and avoid downsides of each pole.ResultsParticipants agreed that face-to-face teaching allows them to inspire students and have meaningful connections with them. They also agreed that DL provides a good environment for most students. However, students with financial challenges and special needs may not have equal opportunities to access technology. As regards social issues, participants agreed that face-to-face learning provides a better chance for professionalism through enhanced team-work. Cognitive, communication and clinical skills are best achieved in face-to-face. Participants agreed that logistics for conducting DL are much more complicated when compared to face-to-face learning. Participants identified around 10 warning signs for each method that need to be continuously monitored in order to minimize the drawbacks of over focusing on one pole at the expense of the other. Action steps were determined to ensure optimized use of in either method.ConclusionIn order to plan for the future, we need to understand the dynamics of education within the context of polarities. Educators need to understand that the choice of DL, although was imposed as a no-alternative solution during the COVID era, yet it has always existed as a possible alternative and will continue to exist after this era. The value of polarity mapping and leveraging allows us to maximize the benefit of each method and guide educators' decisions to minimize the downsides for the good of the learning process.
Deficits in Skilled Motor and Auditory Learning in a Rat Model of Rett Syndrome
Authors: Adcock Katherine S. , Blount Abigail E. , Morrison Robert A. , Alvarez-Dieppa Amanda , Kilgard Michael P. , Engineer Crystal T. , Hays Seth A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Rett Syndrome is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation in the gene MECP2. Individuals with Rett Syndrome display developmental regression at an early age, and develop a range of motor, auditory, cognitive and social impairments. Several studies have successfully modeled some aspects of dysfunction and Rett Syndrome-like phenotypes in transgenic mouse and rat models bearing mutations in the MECP2 gene. Here, we sought to extend these findings and characterize skilled learning, a more complex behavior known to be altered in Rett syndrome. Methods: We evaluated the acquisition and performance of auditory and motor function on two complex tasks in heterozygous female Mecp2 rats. Animals were trained to perform a speech discrimination task or a skilled forelimb reaching task. Results: Our results reveal that Mecp2 rats display slower acquisition and reduced performance on an auditory discrimination task than wild-type (WT) littermates. Similarly, Mecp2 rats exhibit impaired learning rates and worse performance on a skilled forelimb motor task compared to WT. Conclusions: Together, these findings illustrate novel deficits in skilled learning consistent with clinical manifestation of Rett syndrome and provide a framework for development of therapeutic strategies to improve these complex behaviors.
What is the role of locoregional anesthesia in breast surgery? A systematic literature review focused on pain intensity, opioid consumption, adverse events, and patient satisfaction.
Authors: Sansone Pasquale , Giaccari Luca Gregorio , Faenza Mario , Costanzo Pasquale Di , Izzo Sara , Aurilio Caterina , Coppolino Francesco , Passavanti Maria Beatrice , Pota Vincenzo , Pace Maria Caterina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast surgery in the United States is common. Pain affects up to 50% of women undergoing breast surgery and can interfere with postoperative outcomes. General anesthesia is the conventional, most frequently used anaesthetic technique. Various locoregional anesthetic techniques are also used for breast surgeries. A systematic review of the use of locoregional anesthesia for postoperative pain in breast surgery is needed to clarify its role in pain management.Objectives: To systematically review literature to establish the efficacy and the safety of locoregional anesthesia used in the treatment of pain after breast surgery.Methods: Embase, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Trials Register were systematically searched in Mars 2020 for studies examining locoregional anesthesia for management of pain in adults after breast surgery. The methodological quality of the studies and their results were appraised using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist and specific measurement properties criteria, respectively.Results: Nineteen studies evaluating locoregional anesthesia were included: 1058 patients underwent lumpectomy/mastectomy, 142 breast augmentation and 79 breast reduction. Locoregional anesthesia provides effective anesthesia and analgesia in the perioperative setting. After mastectomy, the use of locoregional anesthesia techniques seems to reduce pain, especially in the first hour after the end of the surgery. Other potentially beneficial effects of locoregional anesthesia emerged from our review include decreased need for opioids, decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting, fewer complications and increased patient satisfaction. All this improves postoperative recovery and shortens hospitalization stay.Conclusion: The results of this study support the technique of locoregional anesthesia for breast surgery.
Effect of the Electrode Array-Retina Gap Distance on Visual Function in Patients with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis
Authors: Naidu Abhishek , Ghani Nimra , Yazdanie Mohammad Saad , Chaudhary Khurram 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Post-implantation visual outcomes in patients with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis is dependent on a multitude of factors including the positioning of the electrode array on the retina. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the average electrode array-retina gap distance correlates with objective visual function outcomes and sensitivity detection thresholds in patients implanted with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis.Methods: 5 patients with implantation of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis were enrolled in this single-institution retrospective study. Patient demographics were collected from medical records. Visual function data (Square Localization [SL] and Direction of Motion [DOM]) and Optical Coherence Tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT) images were extracted retrospectively from the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis Post-Approval study. Visual function tests were performed with the device OFF and ON at each study visit. Electrode array-retina gap distances were measured at each of the array’s 60 electrodes using the Cirrus HD-OCT software in both the nasotemporal and superoinferior planes. Data was obtained at baseline, and post-operative month 1, month 3, month 6, and year 1. Sensitivity detection thresholds were obtained at the initial programming visit and each reprogramming session. Results: 3 patients performed significantly better in SL visual function testing with the device ON. Patients that worsened in visual function testing with the device ON in both SL and DOM testing had a statistically significant decrease in performance. The electrode array-retina gap distance was found to effect performance in SL testing in a patient-dependent manner. No effect was found between the electrode-array gap distance and DOM testing or sensitivity detection threshold. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the electrode array-retina gap distance may affect visual function outcomes in SL testing in certain patients with the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis, and the direction and magnitude of this effect is likely patient-dependent. Furthermore, complete apposition between the electrode array and retina may not always be necessary to achieve optimal visual outcomes.