bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a model to predict electroencephalographic seizures in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Massey Shavonne L. , Sandoval Karamian Amanda G. , Fitzgerald Mark P. , Fung France W. , Abramson Abigail , Salmon Mandy K. , Parikh Darshana , Abend Nicholas S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveElectroencephalographic seizures (ES) are common in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), but identification with continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring (CEEG) is resource‐intensive. We aimed to develop an ES prediction model.MethodsUsing a prospective observational study of 260 neonates with HIE undergoing CEEG, we identified clinical and EEG risk factors for ES, evaluated model performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and calculated test characteristics emphasizing high sensitivity. We assessed ES incidence and timing in neonates subdivided by ES risk group (low, moderate, high) as determined by EEG risk factors.ResultsES occurred in 32% (83/260) of neonates. Performing CEEG for only 24 h would fail to identify the 7% (17/260) of neonates with later onset ES (20% of all neonates experiencing ES). Identifying 90% or 95% of neonates with ES would require CEEG for 63 or 74 h, respectively. The optimal model included continuity and epileptiform discharges, both assessed in the initial 1 h of CEEG. It yielded an AUROC of .80, and at a cutoff that emphasized sensitivity, had sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 45%, positive predictive value of 44%, and negative predictive value of 95%. The model would avoid CEEG beyond 1 h in 32% (84/260) of neonates, but 6% (5/83) of neonates with ES would not have ES identified. ES incidence was significantly different (p < .01) across ES risk groups (6% low, 40% moderate, and 83% high). Only ~6 h of CEEG would identify all neonates with ES in the low‐risk group, whereas 75 and 63 h of CEEG would be required to identify 95% of neonates with ES in the moderate‐risk and high‐risk groups, respectively.SignificanceAmong neonates with HIE, a model employing two EEG variables from a 1‐h screening EEG and stratifying neonates into low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups could enable evidence‐based strategies for targeted CEEG use.
Analysis of participant race and sex reporting and disparities in US epilepsy clinical trials
Authors: Butler Molly , Palacios Mario Espinosa , Carr Christopher , Moore‐Hill Debra , Vale Fernando L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveStudies have shown that a growing number of people with epilepsy belong to minority groups and experience health disparities. Inclusivity in clinical trial enrollment is essential for advancing health access but has not been well studied among epilepsy trials. The objective of this study was to analyze US epilepsy clinical trials to identify the prevalence and trends associated with race and sex enrollment disparities.MethodsWe queried the Clinicaltrials.gov registry to identify completed epilepsy clinical trials with results reported between 2006 and 2022. Studies were assessed for reporting of participant race and sex information, and measures of trial diversity including the participation to prevalence ratio (PPR), representation ratio (RR), and representation quotient (RQ) were calculated. Other data including funding source, intervention type, location, and trial dates were also extracted.ResultsNinety trials met inclusion criteria, of which 89 (99%) and 53 (59%) reported participant sex and race, respectively. Three trials included only female participants and were excluded from further sex‐specific analyses. Females were underrepresented in 10 of the remaining 86 trials reporting sex information (PPR < .8, 12%). We found that industry‐funded trials were more likely to have equal female representation among participants (p = .0197). Of trials reporting participant race, 52 (98%) exhibited a lack of racial diversity (RQ < 1). Black participants were the most frequently underrepresented racial group (RR < 1, 42 of 53 trials, 79%).SignificanceOur findings highlight significant disparities in epilepsy clinical trial enrollment, particularly for Black participants. Lack of diversity and underrepresentation of historically marginalized populations may contribute to research biases and perpetuate health inequities. More inclusive research practices are needed to ensure all people with epilepsy have access to effective care.
Abdominal Spines on an Amazonian Spiny Spider (Micrathena schreibersi): A Defense Against Mud‐Dauber Wasps (Sceliphron spp.) Attack?
Authors: de Almeida João Gabriel Lacerda , Oliveira Larissa Lotti , Cola Carine Mariá 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe conspicuous abdominal spines in females of Micrathena spiders have evolved independently in several species within the genus. Like other orb‐web spiders, Micrathena species can serve as prey to parasitoid mud‐dauber wasps, which paralyzes the spiders and inserts them into their nests to serve as food to their larvae. Based on this fact, some studies suggest that Micrathena spines evolved as an antipredator defense against the wasp. However, there is no direct evidence of how the spines could act to avoid the wasp behavior. Here, we present two distinct records involving an Amazonian species of spiny spider, Micrathena schreibersi, where the abdominal spines act as a mechanical barrier against mud‐dauber wasps (Sceliphron spp.). These spines prevented the wasps from completely inserting the paralyzed spiders into their tubular nests, forcing the wasps to alter the opening shape to close it. In our second record, the wasp was not able to completely close the nest, leading to predation of her offspring by ants. We discuss the ecological implications of this potential defense trait for both species and propose future hypotheses to further elucidate how these spines may have evolved based on the foraging behavior of mud‐dauber wasps.
Complications of Estimating Hatchery Introgression in the Face of Rapid Divergence: A Case Study in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Authors: Erdman Bradley , Larson Wesley , Mitro Matthew G. , Griffin Joanna D. T. , Rowe David , Haglund Justin , Olson Kirk , Kinnison Michael T. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFish stocking has been utilized for over a century to offset extirpations or declines in abundance of many native species. These historical declines and hatchery contributions have led to uncertainty surrounding whether many contemporary populations are native, introgressed with hatchery sources, or entirely of hatchery origin. Such uncertainty is problematic for the conservation of native biodiversity as it hampers management agencies' ability to prioritize the conservation of indigenous locally adapted populations. Fortunately, genetic and genomic tools have allowed researchers to investigate these questions, often through the use of clustering or assignment approaches that are predicated on identifiable and consistent divergence between native populations and hatchery sources. Here, we apply these methods to restriction‐site associated DNA (RAD) data from 643 brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) originating from 13 wild populations and an exogenous hatchery strain to investigate the extent of historical extirpations, hatchery contributions, and processes affecting population structure in a small area of the previously unglaciated Driftless Area of Wisconsin, USA. The results from these analyses suggest that wild populations in this region are genetically distinct even at small spatial scales, lack strong hydrologically associated population structure, rarely exchange gene flow, and have small effective population sizes. Furthermore, wild populations are substantially diverged from known hatchery strains and show minimal evidence of introgression in clustering analyses. However, we demonstrate through empirically informed simulations that distinct wild populations may potentially be hatchery‐founded and have since diverged through rapid genetic drift. Collectively, the apparent lack of hydrological population structure and potential for rapid drift in the Driftless Area suggest that many native populations may have been historically extirpated and refounded by stocking events. If this is the case, then commonly used genomic clustering methods and their associated model selection criteria may result in underestimation of hatchery introgression in the face of rapid drift.
Exploring Different Sampling Strategies: A Description of Our Success in Reaching Hard‐to‐Reach Turkish and Moroccan Immigrant Women in The Netherlands
Authors: Hamdiui Nora , Boer Maartje , van Steenbergen Jim , van den Muijsenbergh Maria , Timen Aura , Stein Mart 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn the Netherlands, since 1996, there is a national cervical cancer (CC) screening programme in place for women aged 30–60 years. The participation of Turkish‐ and Moroccan‐Dutch women is very low. To facilitate their informed decision‐making, we developed a culturally sensitive educational video, and evaluated it through a questionnaire study. Since we used multiple strategies for the recruitment of respondents, we aimed (1) to explore which sampling strategy resulted in which type of respondents, (2) to investigate which sampling strategy and individual characteristics were associated with successful recruitment of other respondents, and (3) to examine similarity between those recruited via respondent‐driven sampling (RDS).MethodsSix sampling strategies were used and compared to explore their recruitment success: (1) RDS (i.e. peer‐to‐peer recruitment), (2) public and private women's Facebook groups, (3) Instagram, (4) researchers' network, (5) offline organizations (e.g., community centres and mosques), and (6) other channels (e.g. flyers, infographics, and information meetings). To do this, χ2 tests, a multivariate logistic regression, and intra class correlations (ICCs) were performed.ResultsOverall, 782 Moroccan‐ and 696 Turkish‐Dutch respondents were included in the analysis. Almost 40% filled out the questionnaire via RDS. RDS yields more often older, lower educated, and first‐generation immigrant women than average. Respondents recruited via RDS have more often low CC screening knowledge and make more often uninformed CC screening decisions than average. Social media channels, however, yielded more younger, highly educated, and second‐generation immigrant women than average. Sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes towards CC screening varied more strongly within than between network trees. The probability that paired respondents within a network tree had similar characteristics varied strongly depending on the characteristic.ConclusionsBy using RDS and asking respondents to recruit peers, the more hard‐to‐reach individuals (i.e. older, lower educated, and first‐generation immigrants) were reached. By using social media channels, younger, highly educated, and second‐generation individuals can be recruited. RDS yielded more often women with low CC screening knowledge and women making uninformed CC screening decisions. To reach the individuals in need of tailored information or an intervention conform their needs, we recommend to use RDS as an intervention delivery strategy.Patient or Public ContributionFollowing RDS, we involved Moroccan‐ and Turkish‐Dutch women in recruiting other Moroccan‐ and Turkish‐Dutch women. Through this recruitment, women were able to fill out our questionnaire, and watch our culturally sensitive educational video to improve their informed decision‐making in regard to the CC screening programme.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe burns in adults: A retrospective study at a burn centre in Suzhou, China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Su Jiandong , Liu Yunfeng , Sun Ran , Sun Ruizhu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSevere burns lead to malformations and higher mortality and have long‐term social consequences. We aimed to analyse the epidemiologic characteristics and clinical outcomes of severe burn patients hospitalized in a major burn centre in Eastern China. This study included severe burns patients hospitalized in our hospital from 2017 to 2022. We extracted all data from electronic medical records for retrospective analysis. Burn scoring systems were calculated for all patients. The median age of the patients was 49.00 years, with 62.13% of them aged between 30 and 59 years. Of the 375 adult patients, 256 were male and 119 were female. The major cause of burns was flame (46.1%), followed by explosion (35.2%). The median total body surface area was 40%. Sixty‐three percent of patients suffered an inhalation injury and 125 patients (33.3%) developed complications during hospitalization. The average mortality was 5.3%. Higher mortality rates are associated with advanced age, flame burns, larger full‐thickness burns area and total body surface area, inhalation injuries and combined burn complications. Severe burns often occur in middle‐aged men. Governments and companies need to improve the safety of living and working environments. It is essential to develop treatment strategies based on risk factors for burn deaths and improve the quality of medical care.
Incorporating Climatic Extremes Using the GEV Distribution Improves SDM Range Edge Performance
Authors: Fonteyn Ward , Serra‐Diaz Josep M. , Muys Bart , Van Meerbeek Koenraad 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe changing frequency and intensity of climatic extremes due to climate change can have sudden and adverse impacts on the distribution of species. While species distribution modelling is a vital tool in ecological applications, current approaches fail to fully capture the distribution of climatic extremes, particularly of rare events with the most disruptive potential. Especially at the edges of species' ranges, where conditions are already less favourable, predictions might be inaccurate when these extremes are not well represented.LocationEurope.TaxonTree species.MethodsWe present a novel approach to integrate extreme events into species distribution models based on the generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution. This distribution, following from the extreme value theory has been established as a valuable tool in analysing climatic extremes, both in an ecological context and beyond. The approach relying on the GEV distribution is broadly applicable, readily transferable across species and relies on widely available data. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach for 28 European tree species, illustrating its superior ability to fully capture the distribution of climatic extremes compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods.ResultsWe found that incorporating parameters on climatic extremes derived from the GEV distribution increased model performance (AICmodel) and characterised range edges more accurately (AUCedge) compared to competing approaches. However, general AUC values were only marginally increased across the species and study period analysed. Overall, the GEV model predicted a narrower niche for the species included in this study.Main ConclusionsIncorporating climatic extremes can impact spatial predictions of species distribution models, especially at range margins. We found that using the GEV distribution to characterise extreme variables in SDMs yields the best performance at these distribution edges. Given the importance of range edges for species conservation, a detailed inclusion of extremes in SDMs employed for those applications will help ensure robust conclusions.
FGF20 promotes spinal cord injury repair by inhibiting the formation of necrotic corpuscle P‐MLKL/P‐RIP1/P‐RIP3 in neurons
Authors: Cai Xiong , Xie Zhenwen , Zhao Juan , Lu Wenjie , Zhu Zhongwei , Chen Min , Huang Zhiyang , Ying Yibo , Fu Yining , Xu Jiake , Zhu Sipin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe disruption of the local microenvironment subsequent to spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a substantial loss of neurons in the affected region, which is a major contributing factor to impaired motor function recovery in patients. Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) is a neurotrophic factor that plays a crucial role in neuronal development and homeostasis. In this study, the recombinant human FGF20 (rhFGF20) was found to mitigate the process of necroptosis in a mouse model of SCI, thereby reducing neural functional deficits and promoting SCI repair. FGF20 protein was injected into the SCI mice via intraperitoneal injection. Using the BMS scale and inclined plane test, we found that FGF20 significantly promoted the recovery of motor function. The Nissl staining revealed the level of neuronal survival within the region of injury. The expression changes of NeuN, GAP43, NF200 and GFAP indicated that FGF20 has the nerve repair ability to delay the formation of glial scar. Through fluorescence detection of Ace‐Tubulin and Tyr‐Tubulin, FGF20 was revealed to promote the polymerization of axon‐regenerated microtubules. Furthermore, FGF20 was also found to reduce the expression levels of necroptosis induced by SCI. These data suggest that FGF20 may exert a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting injury‐induced necroptosis, thereby facilitating functional recovery following SCI. Moreover, systemic administration of FGF20 holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for repairing the damaged spinal cord. The discovery paves the way for a novel avenue of growth factor research in the field of SCI.
Insulin Resistance Predicts Prognosis in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Ding Pengfei , Zhang Dingding , Ling Haiping , Tao Tao , Gao Yongyue , Wang Yunfeng , Zhang Huasheng , Wu Lingyun , Hang Chunhua , Li Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether insulin resistance (IR) could be used as a predictor of poor prognosis at 3 months after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).MethodsThe study included patients aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of SAH due to ruptured aneurysm from January 2021 to March 2024. Patients with confirmed diabetes mellitus and taking glucose‐lowering drugs, or taking lipid‐lowering drugs, or SAH not due to ruptured aneurysm, or comorbid systemic diseases were excluded. Patients were classified into good prognosis (modified Rankin scale [MRS] 0–2) and poor prognosis (MRS 3–6). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the potential of triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index and the triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio as predictors of poor prognosis. Finally, a prognostic prediction model based on IR was constructed.ResultsA total of 358 patients were included in this study. Poor prognosis patients had higher age, BMI, hypertension percentage, glucose, triglycerides, TyG index and TG/HDL ratio, and lower HDL. ROC, LASSO, and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, glucose, TyG index, and TG/HDL ratio had significant potential to predict the prognosis of SAH patients. The prognostic prediction model constructed by combining age, glucose, TyG index, and TG/HDL ratio had high discriminatory power (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80), satisfactory calibration curves, and good clinical utility.ConclusionIR is strongly associated with the prognosis of SAH patients, and the combination of age, glucose, TyG index, and TG/HDL ratio can provide a new direction for future treatment.
Practical Study on the Participation of Clinical Pharmacists in Multi‐Disciplinary Teams Dealing With Nutrition Intervention Management in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Yang Yanmo , Li Qinxuan , Zhou Mi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role of clinical pharmacists in guiding nutritional treatment in a multi‐disciplinary team for patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and the significance of pharmaceutical nutritional intervention in overall management and drug administration.MethodsFifty‐nine patients with OC in our gynaecological oncology ward were retrospectively investigated. The patients were divided into a conventional therapy (CT) group (n = 30) and a pharmaceutical management (PM) group (n = 29) according to different nutritional therapies received. Nutritional monitoring indicators and clinical response indicators were used to evaluate the intervention effect. Serum albumin (ALB), haemoglobin (HGB) and prealbumin (PAB) levels at admission and discharge, exhaust time, time to return to a normal diet, time to first postoperative chemotherapy and length of hospital stay were measured.ResultsThe PAB and ALB indicators in the PM group returned to the admission levels; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in HGB levels between the two groups (p > 0.05). The time to flatus, time to return to normal diet and time to first postoperative chemotherapy in the PM group were significantly shorter than those in the CT group, and the differences had statistical significance (p < 0.05). Patients in the PM group had a significantly shorter hospital stay than those in the CT group (12.5 ± 3.2 days vs 16.8 ± 4.1 days; p = 0.022).ConclusionNutritional treatment management by clinical pharmacists plays a key role in the antitumour treatment of patients with OC, effectively improving their nutritional status and thus promoting rapid postoperative recovery.
Development and Content Analysis Protocol for Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Drug‐Related Information
Authors: de Donato Dantony Castro Barros , Aguilar Guilherme José , Ribeiro Lucas Gaspar , dos Santos Luiz Ricardo Albano , dos Santos Luana Michelly Aparecida Costa , Costa Wilbert Dener Lemos , de Oliveira Alan Maicon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) has significant transformative potential across various sectors, particularly in health care. This study aims to develop a protocol for the content analysis of a method designed to assess AI applications in drug‐related information, specifically focusing on contraindications, adverse reactions, and drug interactions. By addressing existing challenges, this preliminary research seeks to enhance the safe and reliable integration of AI into healthcare practices.MethodsA study protocol was developed for the creation of the method, followed by an initial content analysis conducted by an expert panel. The method was established in phases: (1) Analysis of drug‐related databases and form development; (2) AI configuration; (3) Expert panel review and initial validation.ResultsIn Phase 1, the Micromedex, UpToDate, and Medscape databases were reviewed to establish terminology and classifications related to contraindications, adverse reactions, and drug interactions, resulting in the development of a questionnaire for the AI. Phase 2 involved configuring the Gemini AI tool to enhance response specificity. In Phase 3, AI responses to 30 questions were validated by an expert panel, yielding a 76.7% agreement rate for appropriateness, while 23.3% were deemed inappropriate, particularly concerning contraindicated drug interactions.ConclusionThis preliminary study demonstrates the potential for using an AI‐powered tool to standardize drug‐related information retrieval, particularly for contraindications and adverse reactions. While AI responses were generally appropriate, improvements are needed in identifying contraindicated drug interactions. Further research with larger datasets and broader evaluations is required to enhance AI's reliability in healthcare settings.