bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emphatic consonants beyond Arabic: The emergence and proliferation of uvular-pharyngeal emphasis in Kumzari
Authors: Anonby Erik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe complex and cross-linguistically uncommon phonological phenomenon of “emphasis” is best known from Central Semitic languages such as Arabic and Aramaic. It is, however, found to varying degrees in a number of non-Semitic languages in contact with Arabic. This paper describes how in Kumzari, an Indo-European language spoken around the Strait of Hormuz, uvular-pharyngeal emphasis has arisen through language contact and has proliferated through language-internal processes. Beginning with the retention of emphatic consonants in a direct, extensive lexification by Arabic dating back at least 1300 years, emphasis has progressively penetrated the language by means of lexical innovations and two types of sound changes in both borrowed and inherited vocabulary: (i) analogical spread of emphasis onto plain but potentially emphatic consonants; and (ii) a sound change in whichzhas been invariably recast as an emphaticẓwith no plain counterpart. The role of the back consonantsw,x,qandḥ, which induce emphasis on potentially emphatic consonants in diachronic processes but not synchronically, highlights the unique way in which this complex phenomenon operates in one non-Semitic language in contact with Arabic.
Continuous and discontinuous nominal expressions in flexible (or “free”) word order languages: Patterns and correlates
Authors: Reinöhl Uta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study explores continuous and discontinuous word order patterns of multi-word nominal expressions in flexible word order languages (traditionally referred to as “free word order” or “non-configurational” languages). Besides describing syntagmatic patterns, this paper seeks to identify any functional or other correlates that can be associated with different word orders. The languages under investigation are a number of Australian languages as well as Vedic Sanskrit, all of which have long been known for their syntagmatic flexibility. With respect to continuous order, evidence from several of these languages suggests that default ordering is primarily governed by functional templates. Deviations from default order, while maintaining continuity, can be attributed to different types of “focus” interpretations or heaviness effects. With respect to discontinuous order, I identify three sub-types. The most widespread one, “Left-Edge Discontinuity”, involves one element placed in or near utterance-initial position. It shows a clear, if not an absolute, correlation with different kinds of focus interpretations, similarly to deviations from the default order in continuity. The other two types of discontinuity are linked to the behaviour of specific function words. Besides teasing out cross-linguistic similarities, this paper also sheds light on language-specific characteristics that affect the forms and functions of complex (i.e. multi-word) nominal expressions in flexible word order languages, such as the nature of 2nd position (“Wackernagel”) elements.
The optimal control of the consumer fund with the functions of the insurance company under assumption of the work on the financial market with the advertising strategy
Authors: Boldyrieva Valeriia , Zhmykhova Tetiana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The problem of dynamic system control in the form of the liability fund with
the functions of the insurance company working in the financial market and developing
the advertising strategy is considered. The generalized Clark model describes the price
of risk asset. The optimal controls of the financial market asset portfolio and the part
of capital the insurance company spends on the carrying out of the advertising companies
were found under which the merit functional takes the largest value. The price of such
control also was found.
Development of voice onset time in an ongoing phonetic differentiation in Austrian German plosives: Reversing a near-merger
Authors: Luef Eva Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSound change in the form of plosive mergers has been reported for a variety of languages and is the result of a reduction of phonetic distance between two (or more) sounds. The present study is concerned with the opposite development of phonetic differentiation in plosives (akin to a phonetic split), a less commonly reported phenomenon that is taking place in Austrian German at the moment. A previously small (or null) phonetic distinction between fortis and lenis plosives – a presumed near-merger – is gradually developing into a clear phonetic contrast in younger speakers. In the present study, voice onset time of word-initial plosives was measured in two generations of Austrian speakers (born in the middle and at the end of the 20th century), yielding an ongoing phonetic differentiation where the voice onset time of lenis consonants is shortened while, at the same time, that of fortis consonants is lengthened. These results present an insight into the recent diachronic development of Austrian German and the changes in plosive production that are currently taking place.
Insight into the Structural, Electrical, and Magnetic Properties of Al-Substituted BiFeO3 Synthesised by the Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Ahmad Mukhtar , Ali Rizwan , Rehman Atiq ur , Ali Akbar , Sultana Ishrat , Ali Ihsan , Asif Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Multiferroics with chemical formula BiAl
x
Fe1−x
O3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) and substituted by Al are synthesised using sol–gel auto-combustion. The materials are sintered at 500 °C for 5 h. In the ongoing study, the crystal structure of BiAl
x
Fe1−x
O3 was investigated by X-ray diffraction. After confirming the rhombohedral single-phase crystal structure, various characterisation techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, elemental mapping images, electrical properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), were used to investigate the synthesised samples. The grain size estimated from SEM images decreased as Al contents increased. Elemental composition was confirmed by EDX spectra. Direct current electrical resistivity increased whereas drift mobility decreased with increasing Al contents. The VSM results of Al-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) demonstrate that BFO crystals with size >60 nm show anti-ferromagnetic behaviour, which is evident in the present study. The increase in Al doping results in an increase in coercivity, as grain size and coercivity are inversely related with each other. This is because of the replacement of Fe3+ by Al3+ ions, which weakens the sub-lattice interactions. It has been observed that BFO materials with such parameters are favourable for ferroelectric random access memories where data can be written electrically and read magnetically.
Heat and Mass Transfer of Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Models in a Pipe: Effects of Thermal Radiation and Heat Generation
Authors: Ahmad Fayyaz , Nazeer Mubbashar , Saeed Mubashara , Saleem Adila , Ali Waqas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a study of the flow of Eyring-Powell (EP) fluid in an infinite circular long pipe under the consideration of heat generation and thermal radiation is considered. It is assumed that the viscosity of the fluid is an exponential function of the temperature of the fluid. The flow of fluid depends on many variables, such as the physical property of each phase and shape of solid particles. To convert the given governing equations into dimensionless form, the dimensionless quantities have been used and the resultant boundary value problem is solved for the calculation of velocity and temperature fields. The analytical solutions of velocity and temperature are calculated with the help of the perturbation method. The effects of the fluidic parameters on velocity and temperature are discussed in detail. Finite difference method is employed to find the numerical solutions and compared with the analytical solution. The magnitude error in velocity and temperature is obtained in each case of the viscosity model and plotted against the radius of the pipe. Graphs are plotted to describe the influence of various parameter EP parameters, heat generation parameter and thermal radiation parameters against velocity and temperature profiles. The fluid temperature has decreasing and increasing trends with respect to radiation and heat generations parameters, respectively.
A novel three-dimensional copper aspartate coordination compound with efficient photoluminescence
Authors: Shu Si , Jian Yun-Fei , Zhang Tong , Guo Wen-Long , Liu Xi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Solvothermal reaction of a copper salt, racemic aspartic acid (AspH3), and 1,2,4-triazole (TaH) leads to a nanoporous copper aspartate, Cu4(Asp)2(Ta)2(H2O)2 · 2H2O (1). The compound was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and the structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Pairs of l-Asp3− and d-Asp3− ligands in unprecedented μ
4-1,2κO:3,4κOκN coordination modes chelate pairs of adjacent copper cations to form a centrosymmetric 8n-membered rectangular pipe, and these pipes are further bridged by copper cations in four directions of the bc plane to form a 3D porous structure with approximately rectangular channels of  ~ 5 × 10 Å2 along the crystallographic a-axis. Along the corners of the rectangular channels, each Ta− ligand connects three adjacent copper cations in a μ
3 coordination mode to form the final 3D porous framework with relatively large rectangular channels of  ~ 2 × 8 Å2 along the a-axis. Water molecules reside in these large channels. The thermal stability and solid-state photoluminescence properties of the title compound are also investigated.
Cu2O/TiO2 Nanowire Assemblies as Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Evolution: Influence of Diameter, Length and NumberDensity of Wires
Authors: Yang Florent , Schröck Christopher , Kugelstadt Jan , Zhang Siyuan , Scheu Christina , Trautmann Christina , Maijenburg A. Wouter , Toimil-Molares Maria Eugenia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The performance of free-standing parallel-aligned nanowire arrays and interconnected networks of single-crystalline cuprous oxide (Cu2O) coated with titanium oxide (TiO2) as photocathodes for solar energy harvesting was analyzed. The nanostructures were synthesized by electrodeposition in polymer membranes prepared by ion-track technology. To enhance the photoelectrochemical stability of the nanowires in aqueous solution, they were conformally coated with a 10 nm thick TiO2 layer by atomic layer deposition. The diameter, size, geometry and number density of the parallel nanowires were systematically varied. The generated photocurrents show a clear increase as a function of wire diameter and wire number. In turn, the photocurrent does not get larger with increasing wire length. Highly interconnected networks of nanowires under 45° from various directions enabled further increase of wire density number and exhibited higher photocurrent densities compared to parallel arrays.
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ ПРОЦЕС СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ОБДАРОВАНОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В УМОВАХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ЗМІН СОЦІУМУ
Authors: Dobrovolskaya Nataliia 
Published: February 2020

У статті запропоновано комплексний підхід до дослідження розвитку обдарованої особистості в умовах освітнього середовища вузу; визначені наукові передумови та практичні обґрунтування розробки соціально-психологічної моделі освітнього середовища вузу, спрямованої на розвиток обда­рованої особистості, що включає в себе субʼєктне поле, змістовне поле, організаційне поле, інтегроване з ними поле взаємодії з соціумом. Виокремлено рівні прояву творчого розвитку особистості: низький рівень (не вірить у власні можливості, не бажає брати участь в різноманітних видах навчальної та позанавчальної творчої діяльності, інертний до участі в роботі творчих обʼєднань); середній рівень (сумнівається у своїх можливостях, потребує додаткових стимулів при ініціюванні творчої актив­нос­ті, не наважується брати творчу ініціативу на себе); високий рівень (бере активну участь в різно­манітних видах навчальної та позанавчальної творчої діяльності; є ініціатором, здатний на створення широкого спектра самостійних задумів, знаходить нестандартні шляхи і втілює їх у самостійні проекти). Розроблено механізм реалізації моделі освітнього середовища вузу щодо поетапного під­вищення рівня прояву творчого розвитку особистості. Постановка і вирішення проблеми пошуку можливостей освітнього середовища вузу для розвитку обдарованої особистості сприяє реалізації ідей особистісно орієнтованої психології; сконструйована модель освітнього середовища вузу, спрямована на розвиток обдарованої особистості, і адекватний механізм її реалізації в освітньому процесі вузу відповідає положенням нової парадигми освіти, вносить певний внесок у теорію розвитку особистості.
The formation of the soil section by morphological characteristics in technosol of Semenivsko-Holovkivske lignite open-cut
Authors: Masiuk O. M. 
Published: February 2020

Analysis of morphological descriptions of technosol sections indicates the following features of soil formation in technosol under common pine plantations. The particle-size composition in all variants depends above all on the composition of rocks, which form technosol. There is a color change in the upper layer of lithosol section, where the initial stage of humus formation and humus accumulation processes take place. The humus layer, which indicates the speed of these processes, is present only in the upper and lower third of the slope in 20-year-old common pine plantations and ranges from 7 cm in the upper to 10 cm in the lower third of the slope, which may be the result of flat erosion on the slope. There is no humus horizon in valley bottom, as spring water stagnation occurs there, which caused the death of most of the plantings, which were the main source of organic matter entering the soil. The inhibition in the processes of humus formation under the plantations that develop on the upland occurs due to the low content of the dusty fraction. The formation of the soil structure was not observed in technosols formed from rocks with light particle-size composition (sandy loam and sand); on loamy variants, it passes intensively in the upper 10–15 cm layer, which contains most plant roots, worms and insects. The presence of a plate structure has a industry-related origin and is formed when heavy machinery passes through rocks with a high moisture content. An important indicator of the initial processes of soil formation is the decompression of technosols and the speed of this process. This process is the most quick under 23-year-old plantations on a upland, cultivated on rocks with light particle-size composition (the loose horizon is 80 cm), on a slope in a 20-year-old plantation on heavier rocks, this process is much slower (the loose horizon is about 7–10 cm). Brown coal, inclusions of carbonaceous clays, rippled and kaolin clays can be found among the inclusions. The number and composition of the inclusions depends on the nature of the rocks, which form tehnosol. The new growths of biological origin should be mentioned, among which there are biological capillaries, represented by root passages with a diameter of 4–7 mm, filled with soil material enriched with organic substances and ones with the diameter of 2–3 mm to 1 cm, filled with coprolites and soil mass. Thus, changes in technosols identified by morphological features depend on open-pit rocks which form the edaphotope, their composition and properties, on the quality of the technical stage of reclamation and on the terrain of the formed territory.
Prymas Stefan Wyszyński – „antysemita”, „rasista” i „faszysta”. Historia podwójnej manipulacji tekstami z „Ateneum Kapłańskiego”
Authors: Czaczkowska Ewa K. 
Published: February 2020

Informacje o rzekomym antysemityzmie, rasizmie i faszyzmie ks. Stefana Wyszyńskiego, w latach 1932–1939 redaktora naczelnego miesięcznika „Ateneum Kapłańskie”, pojawiają się co pewien czas w przestrzeni medialnej. Ostatnia fala tych informacji obiegła portale i fora internetowe w latach 2012–2014, głównie za sprawą ówczesnego polityka Janusza Palikota, który na swoim blogu napisał, że „Kardynał tysiąclecia, Wyszyński, jeszcze jako zwykły ksiądz i teolog był orędownikiem nazizmu i samego Hitlera, co znajdowało wyraz w redagowanych przez niego publikacjach”. Trzy miesiące później na forum.gazeta.pl ukazało się siedem cytatów rzekomo pochodzących z tekstów ks. Wyszyńskiego, opublikowanych w „Ateneum Kapłańskim”, a mających udowadniać tezę o jego rzekomym również antysemityzmie, rasizmie i faszyzmie. Od tego momentu informacja ta zaczęła żyć własnym życiem – powielana była na różnych forach, portalach, a także w publicznej telewizji. W listopadzie 2013 roku w programie telewizyjnym „Świat się kręci” aktor Jacek Poniedziałek oskarżył prymasa Wyszyńskiego o wypowiedzi „antysemickie” i proeugeniczne.Zastosowana manipulacja jest dwojakiego rodzaju. Cytaty (w dodatku, czasami zniekształcone) nie pochodzą z artykułów ks. Stefana Wyszyńskiego. Ich autorami byli ks. Józef Pastuszka oraz ks. Paweł Tochowicz. Lektura tekstów, w tym cytatów bez wyrywania ich z kontekstu, pokazuje, że autorzy dokonując wielorakiego rodzaju naukowych analiz rasizmu, nacjonalizmu i politycyzmu, z pozycji chrześcijańskich krytykowali poglądy Adolfa Hitlera.
Chrzest jako misterium pieczęci w tradycji pierwszych trzech wieków
Authors: Mateja Leszek 
Published: February 2020

Artykuł ukazuje, w jaki sposób w pierwszych trzech wiekach rozumiano chrzest jako misterium pieczęci. Ten aspekt chrztu był już podkreślany we wspólnocie z Qumran, a także w doświadczeniu chrztu Jana Chrzciciela, o czym w I wieku pisał Józef Flawiusz. Ojcowie Kościoła w II i III wieku używają wprost sformułowania pieczęć chrztu. Autor Pasterza Hermasa reprezentujący środowisko Rzymskie oraz Klemens Aleksandryjski uważali, że chrzest w imię Ojca i Syna, i Ducha Świętego pieczętował egzystencjalne wyznanie wiary w Jezusa jako Syna Bożego. Natomiast Tertulian z Kartaginy ukazał szerzej proces wzrostu egzystencjalnej wiary w ramach procedury inicjacji przedchrzcielnej, a także jej dalszy rozwój przygotowujący chrześcijan do przyjęcia chrztu krwi, czyli męczeństwa za wiarę w Jezusa. Chrzest Janowy, czyli chrzest nawrócenia i chrzest krwi były rozumiane przez chrześcijan symbolicznie i stanowiły niejako ramę dla jedynego chrztu, przez nich przyjmowanego.
GnRH Agonist Uzun Protokol tedavi uygulanan Polikistik Over Sendromu olan ve olmayan hastaların gebelik sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması
Authors: SEYHAN Alper , SOFUOĞLU Kenan , OSMANLIOĞLU Merve Begüm 
Published: February 2020

BAŞLIK:GnRH Agonist Uzun Protokol tedavi uygulanan Polikistik Over Sendromu olan ve olmayan hastaların gebelik sonuçlarının karşılaştırılmasıÖZET: Kadın infertilitesinin en sık nedeni ovulasyon bozukluklarıdır. Anovulatuar infertilitenin en temel nedeni Polikistik Over Sendromudur. Polikistik Over Sendromu fertil çağdaki kadınlarda görülen en sık endokrin bozukluktur. Polikistik Over Sendromlu infertil kişide ilk tercih ovulasyon indüksiyon ajanı Klomifen Sitrat’tır. Klomifen Sitrat’a yanıtsız olgularda eksojen gonadotropinler kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, GnRH Agonist Uzun Protokol uygulanan PKOS olan ve olmayan hastalarda gebelik sonuçları ve yanısıra kullanılan gonadotropin dozları, bazal FSH, E2, prolaktin değerleri, elde edilen matur oosit sayıları gibi parametreleri retrospektif olarak karşılaştırmayı hedefledik.
THE USE OF THE MULTISENSORY METHOD NUMICON IN LEARNING BASIC MATHEMATICAL SKILLS BY STUDENTS WITH MODERATE MENTAL DISABILITIES
Authors: Krauce Antra 
Published: February 2020

The article “The use of the multisensory method Numicon in learning basic mathematical skills by students with moderate mental disabilities” briefly analyses basic math learning skills of the student with moderate mental disabilities and gather the teaching methods that can be used by teachers. The multisensory method Numicon is described in detail how it can be used in work with the students with moderate mental disabilities. The description of the author’s methodological material “Mathematics with Numicon” is also provided. The results of the research are summarized about the basic mathematical skills for the students with moderate mental disabilities by using the multisensory method and the Numicon materials, and authors methodological material “Mathematics with Numicon”.
Alteraciones del lenguaje oral en niños institucionalizados en hogares comunitarios: prevalencia y determinantes
Authors: Rojas Lina Marcela , Muñoz Sotelo Diego , Burbano Lasso Eimy Johana , Pacheco Robinson 
Published: February 2020

Introducción: La alteración del lenguaje puede ocasionar bajo rendimiento académico y posible deserción escolar, especialmente en niños de familias desfavorecidas social y educativamente.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y describir los determinantes asociados a las alteraciones del lenguaje oral en niños de hogares comunitarios (HC) atendidos por el Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF) de la ciudad de Popayán.Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Incluyó 261 niños de 3-5 años de los HC. Se utilizó el test TECAL y TEPROSIF-R para evaluar el lenguaje de los menores y una encuesta sociodemográfica. Para cuantificar el grado de asociación se calculó el OR, y un análisis multivariado y el método stepwise hacia atrás para la selección de variables.Resultados: El 54.7% de los niños fueron de sexo masculino, el 55.2% entraron al jardín en el rango de 24-35 meses y el 20.3% hacían parte de una familia víctima del conflicto armado. La frecuencia de alteraciones del lenguaje oral fue 46.4%. La alteración mixta fue la más común (18.4%), luego la alteración del nivel expresivo (15.3%). Las variables ocupación del padre (ORa: 2.35) y ser víctima del conflicto armado (ORa: 1.86) posiblemente explican de manera independiente las alteraciones del lenguaje en los niños que asisten a los HC del ICBF.Conclusiones: La prevalencia de las alteraciones del lenguaje oral en los niños que asisten a los HC es alta, se sugieren dos variables sociales con asociación: la ocupación del padre y ser víctima del conflicto armado.
Retrospective Evaluation of Elderly and Young Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Polat Hatice Beyazal , Ayaz Teslime , Duru Hüseyin , Akdoğan Adnan Remzi , Beyazal Mehmet , Rakıcı Halil , Turan Arzu 
Published: February 2020

Background/aim: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a clinical situation that should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The aim of this study is to investigate the in-hospital morbidity and mortality of patients with acute pancreatitis at our clinic.
Materials and Methods: In total, 159 patients with acute pancreatitis were included in the study and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: those over 65 years old and those younger than 65 years. The demographic characteristics, severity, treatment, patient prognoses,and hospitalization duration were recorded. The relationship between APseverity, etiological factors, age, gender, length of stay, and prognosis was investigated for both groups.
Results: Acute biliary pancreatitis was detected in 99 (62.3) of the 159 patients. Biliary causes were significantly higher among the elderly group. There was no relationship between disease severity and demographic characteristics or clinical and laboratory findings.
When the hospitalization period was compared between age groups, the hospitalization period for the group over 65 years was found to be significantly longer than that of the other group. The mortality rate was 0% in the group younger than 65 years and 3.2% in the group older than 65 years (three patients). This rate was not statistically significant due to the low incidence of death.
Conclusion: Gallstonesis a leading cause in the etiology of AP. Prognostic scoring systems should be used to determine the disease severity and age should be considered an additional risk factor in the increased morbidity and mortality of AP.