bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stretchable triboelectric sensor for measurement of the forearm muscles movements and fingers motion for Parkinson's disease assessment and assisting technologies
Authors: Vera Anaya David , Yuce Mehmet Rasit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative, neurological disease that causes motor dysfunctions on the patient. Currently, the symptoms and progression of the disease are assessed by physicians who diagnose through careful observation, according to the Movement Disorder Society (MDS)‐sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). In this manuscript, we report a portable sensor device based on a flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) formed from a dielectric material with a size of 4 cm × 3.5 cm and an aluminium (Al) electrode with dimensions of 2 mm × 3 mm, to monitor the movement of forearm muscles and tendons. When the hand or fingers extend or flex, the short gap between the dielectric polymer and the small conductor changes, generating a voltage due to triboelectric contact. The device is used to assess localized bradykinesia and rigidity of fingers and hands, as well as wrist and arm tremors. The voltage signal of the proposed sensor shows different waveform shapes, time duration and amplitude for each level of classification from ‘normal’ to ‘moderate’ status, described on the MDS‐UPDRS examination of hand movement, finger tapping and pronation–supination movement. Hence, we demonstrated that the proposed sensor can potentially be used for quantification of the symptoms and diagnosing. In addition, single finger motion tracking is also achieved by placing the triboelectric sensor in different positions around the forearm, close to the tendon connected to the finger under test. This way we avoid the placement of the sensor directly on the fingers, improving comfortability and long‐term wearability. The presented TENG sensor is fully integrated with the processing and the transmission board exploring new opportunities for triboelectric transducers in small motion detection of muscles. The future aim of this research is to provide real‐time monitoring of the disease progression as feedback for personalized treatment of the PD patients.
Use of Gizzard Diameter to Estimate Weight and Length of Partly Digested Gizzard Shad in Piscivore Diets
Authors: Shoup Daniel E. , Tibbits Jeff B. , Porter Clayton P. , Snow Richard A. , Porta Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In diet studies, stomach contents from predatory fish may be difficult to identify due to digestion. The Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum is an important prey species for sport fish; thus, determining the size of ingested shad can assist with evaluating competitive interactions, bioenergetic patterns, and niche partitioning and can add precision to predictive models. The gizzard organ of clupeids appears to be more resistant to digestion compared to other tissues and can often be found in the stomachs of predatory fish after other tissues from Gizzard Shad are digested. If the gizzard diameter is proportional to Gizzard Shad weight or length, it could be a useful structure for estimating the size of partially digested Gizzard Shad when other structures that are traditionally used to estimate weight or length (e.g., backbones) are damaged due to advanced digestion. For this reason, we evaluated the allometry relating gizzard diameter and Gizzard Shad weight and TL. We sampled a total of 936 Gizzard Shad from nine Oklahoma reservoirs. Fish were frozen and later thawed; they were measured for weight (±0.01 g) and TL (±1 mm), and the gizzard was then removed. Gizzard diameter was measured (±0.1 mm) at its widest point using calipers. Eight different equations were evaluated to find the best relationship (lowest Akaike’s information criterion) between gizzard diameter and weight or length. The relationship between gizzard diameter and fish weight was best modeled as a second-order polynomial, whereas the relationship between gizzard diameter and fish TL was best described by a five-parameter Richard’s equation. Both relationships explained over 80% of the variation in Gizzard Shad size. The 95% CIs for weight (±4–7%) and TL (±2–7%) indicated good overall precision for mean fish size based on gizzard diameter. Therefore, we recommend using gizzard diameter to determine weight and TL from diet samples when advanced digestion of Gizzard Shad limits the use of more traditional metrics (TL, backbone length, etc.).
Are Muskellunge Affecting Fish Communities in Waters Where They Have Been Introduced? A Re-examination of Minnesota’s Stocked Muskellunge Waters
Authors: Knapp Michael L. , Mero Steven W. , Staples David F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Muskellunge Esox masquinongy are large piscivores stocked into numerous lakes in North America, but the potential effects of these stockings remains poorly understood. To investigate potential fish community changes associated with Muskellunge stocking, we contrasted catch per unit effort (CPUE) for seven fish species commonly found in Minnesota, along with mean weight for two predator species, before and after Muskellunge introduction in 36 lakes with that of paired reference lakes. Because of the known importance of Cisco Coregonus artedi as prey for Muskellunge, we also examined these data by separating the lakes into those with and without Cisco. Across all 36 lakes, we observed several significant differences between stocked and reference lakes. Yellow Perch Perca flavescent CPUE in gill nets were significantly higher after Muskellunge were introduced, as was mean weight for Northern Pike Esox lucius. Gill-net CPUE for Northern Pike and White Sucker Catostomus commersonii were both lower following Muskellunge introduction. When subsets of lakes with and without Cisco were considered, results for the 21 lakes without Cisco were similar to the results of the entire set of lakes. In the 15 lakes with Cisco, the only significant result was lower Northern Pike CPUE after Muskellunge stocking. Our results are evidence that the introduction and management of Muskellunge in these lakes has not adversely affected game fish populations.
Hyperinsulinaemia and cancer risk: cause and effect?
Authors: Kilvert Anne , Fox Charles 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHyperinsulinaemia, the pancreatic response to insulin resistance, is linked with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a known risk factor for certain types of cancer, including gastrointestinal, breast, endometrium and pancreas, but the ‘umbrella’ of obesity covers multiple factors which may increase cancer risk. These include diet, physical activity, type 2 diabetes, obesity hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. Analysing the individual contribution of these factors is complex but there is evidence to suggest that hyperinsulinaemia is associated with increased risk of some cancers.This evidence ranges from animal and epidemiological studies to observational clinical data and indicates that the effect of insulin on cancer risk is via growth proliferation (mitogenicity) rather than carcinogenesis. The development of insulin analogues with different degrees of mitogenicity provides insights into the interaction of insulin with the insulin and IGF‐1 receptors and the understanding of these interactions has offered an explanation for the differential effect of hyperinsulinaemia on cell proliferation compared with glucose metabolism.Metformin, as an insulin sensitiser, appears to reduce cancer risk, as do the accepted strategies for reducing risk associated with obesity: diet (particularly low fat) and physical exercise. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons.
Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers via ring opening polymerization and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Smith Patrizia P. , Boyes Stephen G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized via a dual initiator chain transfer agent (inifer) that successfully initiated the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of l‐lactide (LLA) and subsequently mediated the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate (PEGEEMA). The formation of each polymer block was confirmed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as gel permeation chromatography, and comprehensive kinetics studies provide valuable insights into the factors influencing the synthesis of well‐defined block copolymers. The effect of monomer concentration, reaction time, and molar ratios of inifer to catalyst on the ROP of LLA are discussed, as well as the ability to produce poly(lactide) blocks of different molecular weights. The synthesis of hydrophilic PPEGEEMA blocks was also monitored via kinetics to provide a better understanding of the role the chain transfer agent plays in facilitating the complex and sterically demanding RAFT polymerization of PEGEEMA.
Continuities and Discontinuities in the Austrian Catholic Orient Mission to Palestine, 1915–1938
Authors: Haider-Wilson Barbara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Habsburg Monarchy had a long history of relations with Palestine. In the nineteenth century, Austria participated in the “peaceful crusade” forming a special “Jerusalem milieu”. Its actors collected donations to establish several institutions. After 1918, the meaning of “Austria” was completely different from before the First World War. Yet, the (Christian Social) elites of the small Austrian First Republic and the politicians of authoritarian Austria still took an interest in matters concerning the Holy Land. In 1927, an Austrian consulate re-opened in the Holy City. The hospice in Jerusalem and the hospital of the Order of St John of God in Nazareth survived the years of turmoil. Austrian cultural diplomacy in the Mandate period continued to maintain good contacts with the local Arab population and gained new dimensions.
Cultural Affiliation and Identity Constructs Under the British Mandate for Palestine
Authors: van Kessel Tamara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn her conclusion, van Kessel reflects on the nature of cultural diplomacy, its success and failures in Palestine. She considers the different actors’ approaches to cultural diplomacy and the impact of those approaches on processes of identity formation. She also considers the shifting frameworks on cultural diplomacy arguing that both scholars and practitioners have blurred the lines between more orthodox readings that cultural relations were produced by private initiatives, while cultural diplomacy was the domain of government initiatives. She then compares the cases presented in this volume within a broader range of Mediterranean geography to consider the ways in which some of the actors behaved in other contexts. She concludes that the nature of cultural diplomacy in Palestine created overlaps, and sometimes conflicts, between confessional allegiances and nationalism for Christian Palestinians.
Mobilität, Transport und Erreichbarkeit von Destinationen und Einrichtungen
Authors: Gühnemann Astrid , Kurzweil Agnes , Unbehaun Wiebke , Molitor Romain 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie verkehrliche Erreichbarkeit von Destinationen und das lokale Angebot an Mobilitätsdiensten können maßgeblich die Attraktivität von Tourismusdestination, jedoch auch die Konkurrenz zwischen ihnen fördern (Prideaux 2000; Rehman Khan et al. 2017; Campa et al. 2018) und beeinflussen die Verkehrsmittelwahl bei An- und Abreise und vor Ort (Herry et al. 1999; Bursa und Mailer 2018). Eine Grundvoraussetzung für eine gute verkehrliche Erreichbarkeit sind hochwertige Verkehrsinfrastrukturen und Verkehrsangebote für die gesamte Reisekette, die zunächst im folgenden Abschnitt für Österreich beschrieben werden, bevor das Mobilitätsverhalten im Tourismus in Österreich aufgezeigt wird. Mobilität bezieht sich in diesem Kapitel auf die An- und Abreise zu und von der Unterkunft sowie auf die Zurücklegung von Wegen vor Ort, um touristische Aktivitäten durchzuführen. Mobilität als Teil touristischer Aktivitäten, z. B. die Nutzung von Bergbahnen bei Wanderungen, Skifahren, ist in anderen Kapiteln enthalten. Derzeit liegen kaum Daten für den vom Tourismus verursachten Güterverkehr vor, daher beziehen sich die Ausführungen im Wesentlichen auf den Personenverkehr.
Beherbergung
Authors: Gössling Stefan , Lund-Durlacher Dagmar , Antonschmidt Hannes , Peters Mike , Smeral Egon , Pröbstl-Haider Ulrike , Gratzer Markus 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Beherbergungsbetriebe sind ein zentraler Faktor des Tourismusangebots, weil – sieht man von Camping- und Zeltplätzen ab – ohne entsprechendes Bettenangebot ein Großteil des Tourismus praktisch nicht stattfinden kann. Mit dem Wachstum des internationalen Tourismus steigt auch die Zahl der Beherbergungsbetriebe und der verfügbaren Betten. Weltweit gab es im Jahr 2018 geschätzte 119 Mio. Betten in kommerziellen Beherbergungsbetrieben (extrapolierte Daten aus Gössling und Peeters 2015), d. h., Angebote in der neuen Plattformökonomie (z. B. durch Airbnb) kommen noch dazu. Die Beherbergung verursacht einen wesentlichen Teil der touristischen Treibhausgasemissionen. Eine Schätzung geht davon aus, dass pro Übernachtung im weltweiten Durchschnitt etwa 14 kg CO2 entstehen (direkte Emissionen der Beherbergung, ohne Gastronomie; Gössling und Peeters 2015). Die Emissionsbandbreite der in der Literatur dokumentierten Werte schwankt allerdings je nach Unterkunftsform zwischen 0,1 kg CO2 und 260 kg CO2 pro Nacht (Gössling 2010). Eine Berechnung von Lenzen et al. (2018) geht davon aus, dass pro Jahr Treibhausgasemissionen von 282 Mt CO2-Äquivalenten durch Beherbergungsbetriebe verursacht werden (Input-Output-Analyse, ohne Gastronomie).
Outdooraktivitäten und damit zusammenhängende Einrichtungen im Winter
Authors: Steiger Robert , Pröbstl-Haider Ulrike , Prettenthaler Franz , Damm Andrea , Falk Martin , Neger Christoph 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungWintertourismus in Österreich war im 20. Jahrhundert meist weniger bedeutend als der Sommertourismus. Eine Angleichung der Nächtigungszahlen vollzog sich erst im Laufe der 1980er- und 1990er-Jahre. Der Anteil der Winternächtigungen an den Gesamtnächtigungen lag im Jahr 2018 bei 48 % und hat sich seit dem Jahr 2000 nur geringfügig verändert. Jedoch sind die Tagesausgaben der Gäste im Winter höher (185 €) als im Sommer (160 €; Österreich Werbung 2018e, 2019). Wichtig wäre in diesem Zusammenhang eine Betrachtung der Unterschiede in der Wertschöpfung des Winter- bzw. Sommertourismus. Daten und Publikationen hierzu sind allerdings nicht bekannt. In den westlichen Bundesländern Vorarlberg, Tirol und Salzburg werden seit Mitte bis Ende der 1980er-Jahre im Winter (November–April) mehr Übernachtungen generiert als im Sommer (Mai–Oktober). Österreichweit sind die Winternächtigungen in den 1980ern um durchschnittlich 2,5 % pro Jahr gestiegen, in den 1990ern um 0,7 %, in den 2000ern um 1,7 % und im Zeitraum 2010–2018 um 1,3 % pro Jahr (Statistik Austria 2019). Der Wintersport spielt hierbei eine bedeutende Rolle: Rund 66 % der Winternächtigungen entfallen auf Wintersportgemeinden (mit drei oder mehr Seilbahn‑/ Schleppliftanlagen; Fleischhacker 2018). Die Nächtigungsentwicklung in Wintersportgemeinden war jedoch im Zeitraum 1997/1998–2017/2018 weniger dynamisch (durchschnittlich +1,28 % pro Jahr) als in den übrigen Gemeinden (+2,95 % pro Jahr). Innerhalb der Wintersportregionen zeigen sich auch Verschiebungen der Marktanteile mit Verlusten im Süden zugunsten von Regionen im Westen Österreichs (Firgo und Fritz 2017).
The Gadfly: A Collaborative Approach to Doing Data Differently
Authors: Healy Sarah , Morrison Caroline 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Gadfly first materialised as a provocative data performance at the Transitions Research Symposium held at The University of Melbourne in June 2017. The figuration of gadfly in the title shapes the figure of the researcher as (bothersome) questioner that provokes critical dialogue about the assumptions underpinning our own research practices and learning environments research more generally. This figuration provides us an entry point into working data through approaches offered by new materialist and post-qualitative research methods. The resulting data performance came together as a collaborative experiment inhabiting the in-between spaces of researchers, participants, research contexts, and ‘data’ initially generated in a Taekwondo training assemblage. Our collaborative approach involved an intra-active process as a way ofdoingdata differently. Informing our process are concepts of intra-action, assemblage, affect, and sticky data.
What About Interaction Geography to Evaluate Physical Learning Spaces?
Authors: Shapiro Ben Rydal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews and explores how interaction geography, a new approach to visualize people’s interaction over space and time, extends current approaches to evaluate physical learning spaces. This chapter begins by reviewing representations produced using interaction geography to study visitor engagement and learning in a museum. In particular, this review illustratesMondrian Transcription, a method to map people’s movement and conversation over space and time, and theInteraction Geography Slicer (IGS), a dynamic visualisation tool that supports new forms of interaction and multi-modal analysis. Subsequently, this chapter explores how interaction geography may advance the evaluation of physical learning spaces by providing dynamic information visualisation methods that support more expansive views of learning and the evaluation of the alignment between space and pedagogy. This chapter concludes by outlining significant limitations and next steps to expand interaction geography to evaluate physical learning spaces.
Co-creating Innovative Learning Environments: LEaRN’s Decade of Discovery
Authors: Fisher Kenn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis forward provides an overview of earlier LEaRN work carried out leading up to this book. It also explores some of the pedagogy and spatial tropes which have emerged over past decades. Whilst there have been many explorative innovations over that time, very few have been scalable and sufficiently resilient to dislodge the primordial hold that the Industrial Age classroom has taken in school design for over a century. Many attempts have been made to align pedagogy and space, but the classical classroom learning container remains in large part due to teacher mindsets. The Transitions suggested in these chapters may well be a seminal moment in the history of school design as the ILETC project nears its final stages of discovery.
Pedarchitecture: Which Learning Environments for the Personalisation of Teaching and Learning? An Educational Architecture for the Schools of the Future
Authors: Marcarini Mariagrazia Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis project investigates how to overcome traditional learning environment’s rigidity; those established practices that may hinder full use of what we might call new learning environments. It addresses how teachers adapt their teaching to changing learning environments, what impact new educational spaces have on teachers and students, how to organise students with different criteria, and how learning environments can be redesigned in old schools with limited investments. The research studies four schools: in Denmark, the Hellerup Folkeskole in Gentofte and the Ørestad Gymnasium in Copenhagen; in Italy, the Enrico Fermi High School in Mantua and IC3 Piersanti Mattarella secondary first grade in Modena. New learning environments are intended to enhance teacher collaboration and stimulate the exchange of new teaching methods, enabling learning personalisation. This is often facilitated by team teaching, which in this chapter is seen as a “bridge-culture” concept, offering a wider vision including structural and organisational details. The chapter discusses how this strategy lead to students improved learning skills, them taking on greater personal responsibility and displaying aptitude to study in different ways. In this sample of “architecture feeds pedagogy” schools, some key concepts are explored that might guide future learning environments design: readability, “semantic-topical”, flexibility, invisible pedagogy and affordances.
Using Fällman’s Interaction Design Research Triangle as a Methodological Tool for Research About Reading Spaces in Schools
Authors: Dyer Emma 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes the innovative use of a pre-existing framework from the field of Human–Computer Interaction to explore and reimagine reading spaces for beginner readers in primary schools in England. The chapter details the four phases of the research study, from a conceptual level to a physical outcome (a reading nook), the latter providing secondary findings about the value of secluded reading spaces for students in two English classrooms. In adapting and developing a design methodology within an educational context, it is hoped that this research will stimulate communication and dialogue between architects, educators, policy-makers and students. It also offers a contribution to the challenge of improving school design for pupils and practitioners by offering a framework through which education, specifically reading, can be viewed through the prism of design.
Diagnostik und Therapie von Tumoren mit NTRK-Genfusionen
Authors: Stenzinger Albrecht , van Tilburg Cornelis M. , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Länger Florian , Graf Norbert , Griesinger Frank , Heukamp Lukas C. , Hummel Michael , Klingebiel Thomas , Hettmer Simone , Vokuhl Christian , Merkelbach-Bruse Sabine , Overkamp Friedrich , Reichardt Peter , Scheer Monika , Weichert Wilko , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Bokemeyer Carsten , Ivanyi Philipp , Loges Sonja , Schirmacher Peter , Wörmann Bernhard , Bielack Stefan , Seufferlein Thomas T. W. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungNTRK-Genfusionen sind seltene genetische Alterationen, die tumorentitätenübergreifend vorkommen können. Während sie in den meisten soliden Tumoren nur sehr niederfrequent vorkommen, lassen sie sich in bestimmten Tumoren wie dem infantilen Fibrosarkom, dem kongenitalen mesoblastischen Nephrom und dem sekretorischen Mamma- oder Speicheldrüsenkarzinom jedoch häufig nachweisen.NTRK-Genfusionen bzw. TRK-Fusionsproteine gelten als starke onkogene Treiber. Bei Nachweis vonNTRK-Genfusionen können TRK-Inhibitoren unabhängig von der Tumorentität eingesetzt werden. Vertreter sind Entrectinib und Larotrectinib. Bislang ist nur Larotrectinib in der Europäischen Union zugelassen. Für beide wurden Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit in Phase-I- und Phase-II-Studien gezeigt. Die Seltenheit der TRK-Fusionstumoren stellt diagnostische und klinische Prozesse vor große Herausforderungen: Einerseits sollen alle Patienten mit TRK-Fusionstumoren identifiziert werden, andererseits sind epidemiologische und histologische Aspekte sowie Ressourcen zu berücksichtigen. Basierend auf diesen Punkten möchten wir einen Diagnosealgorithmus für TRK-Fusionstumoren vorschlagen, außerdem stellen wir aktuelle Daten zu den TRK-Inhibitoren vor.