bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paper counting display device based on STM32F103 single chip computer
Authors: Gao Lizhen , Jiang Fanmao , Wang Shihao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This system uses the STM32F103 single-chip microcomputer as the control center, and the capacitance-to-digital converter FDC2214 collects the current paper value, performs data collection and transmits it to the main control single-chip microcomputer. Methods: Calculate accurate data through Kalman filtering, and accurately calculate and display the number of measured paper sheets on this basis. The device also sets a buzzer to accurately short circuit alarm. The circuit structure of the entire system is simple, and the reliability is high. Results: The system has high precision and fast speed, and can complete the basic requirements and expansion requirements of the problem. Although it is limited by time and venue, it can also have a high reference value for the design of practical applications such as detecting the number of banknotes. Conclusions: Experimental test results show that this design can complete the basic indicators required by the topic and play part of the content. This paper focuses on the hardware design, software design and test result analysis of the system.
Design and Development of a Small-Scale Wind Tunnel for Flow Visualization
Authors: Shamsuddin M S M , Kamaruddin Noorfazreena M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A small-scale wind tunnel model with a length of 100 cm was designed and manufactured for flow visualization. The flow was visualized by using a mini smoke generator developed specialized for this small-scale wind tunnel and used the same principal as the conventional fog generator. To capture the flow motion, several parameters such as honeycomb screens, illumination systems, smoke liquids and fan speeds were varied to illustrate the smoke lines that represent the flow characteristics. The qualitative results based on these various configurations were presented and discussed in this paper with clear visibility for the smoke line intensity at 6 m/s with an airfoil used as the model to effectively demonstrate the flow visualization.
Performance Evaluation of Composite Cross-Arm Structure Under Different Magnitude of Loading
Authors: Mohamad Daud , Beddu Salmia , Syamsir Agusril , Zahari Nazirul Mubin , Abu Seman Sareh Aiman Hilmi , Razali Muhammad Fauzinizam , Abas Aizat , Ng Fei Chong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of load with increasing factor of safety on the mechanical performance and intra-laminar damage formation of cross-arm structure made up of two different schemes are studied. The composite structure has been numerically modelled by a finite element (FE) model. Research was carried out using a VUMAT subroutine to model intra-laminary damage formation in the analysed composite structure, and Hashin’s failure criteria have been used. This investigation revealed that with a good combination of stacking sequence and ply properties as shown by scheme A which has combination of 90 and 45-degree plies at the both ends and much higher value of ply properties, a safety reserve can be obtained that provides a margin between actual load conditions and those leading to cross-arms structure failure.
Impact of high particulate event on the indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter concentrations during the Southwest monsoon season
Authors: Suroto A , Shith S , Md Yusof N F F , Ramli N A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Haze event, also known as the high particulate event (HPE) normally occurs during the Southwest monsoon season due to the high concentrations of atmospheric particulate matters including PM2.5 which are majorly caused by anthropogenic activities such as open forest and biomass burning. The impact of haze, not only on ambient air but also indoor environment, elevates with the emission of particulate matters from local transportation and industrial sources. Polluted indoor environment could impose adverse effects towards the occupants, particularly those categorized in the sensitive group. School children are among the sensitive group whom spend the majority of their time indoors, especially in school classroom and home. The present study aims to determine the indoor/outdoor ratios of PM2.5 during non-HPE and HPE. The concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were measured continuously using a direct optical monitor (E-Sampler) and portable environmental beta-attenuation monitor (E-BAM) respectively for 24 hours. The findings revealed that the I/O ratio during HPE (0.35) was higher than the non-HPE (0.26). The Pearson correlation analysis exhibited a significant relationship (p < 0.01) between the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations with a strong correlation (r = 0.75). Therefore, it is evident that the outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 during HPE inflicted a significant impact on the indoor environment of naturally ventilated classroom due to the high I/O ratio in comparison to non-HPE, in addition to the less practical design of the classroom (open system).
Physical modelling investigation of a 3-stage landslide prevention system: case study
Authors: Md Said M A , Ramli M H , Azmi M , Mohd Azam A S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A study was conducted to propose and assess the suitability of a structural design for landslide prevention system consisting of flexible barriers, concrete baffles and rigid barrier. A 1:20 scale model of the landslide system was conducted to observe the impact of a flexible barrier, the concrete baffle configurations and the appropriate rigid barrier height. Soils samples from site were also analysed to identify and characterize the soil properties. The experiments were conducted by varying the soil moisture content of the soils for the flexible barrier and concrete baffles. Results obtained showed that the flexible barrier is permanently deformed when the soil moisture is 26%. The configuration of several types of concrete baffles were studied where for unobstructed flow, the use of two rows of baffles had increased the degree of transverse blockage from 23% to 35% and provided up to 75% run-out distance reduction. A cantilever retaining wall is designed as a rigid barrier to ensure adequate retention and to prevent overflowing if the flexible barrier and concrete baffles failed. The combination of three different barriers was assessed and the result showed that the run-out distance was significantly decreased by 47 percent compared to unobstructed flow.
Experimental investigation on the pull through failure of roof cladding to purlin connection considering overhang roof
Authors: Majid T A , Zaini S S , Muhammad M K A , Nik Ahmad N A S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The study on the effects wind loading to the roof cladding and purlin connection has raised a great interest among researchers. In some cases, the failure of roof cladding initiated at the overhang roof was due to the development of uplift force created by the strong wind. However, these studies are limited to the non-engineered building without considering overhang roof. This paper studies the effect of roof cladding types, overhang length and cladding thickness in term of pull through capacity of the overhang roof using simple pull through tests. The tests were conducted on two types of claddings namely, corrugated and trapezoidal roof cladding. In the case of corrugated cladding with 0.28 mm thickness, the specimen with 200 mm overhang length shows the highest pull through capacity with 1.534 kN followed by 300 mm overhang length with 1.083 kN. While, for trapezoidal cladding with 0.35 mm thickness, the 300 mm overhang length recorded the highest pull through capacity at 1.163 kN compared to 200 mm overhang length (1.068 kN). It was noted that shorter length of overhang developed stronger roof cladding to purlin connection. The most efficient connection for roof cladding to purlin connection was found to be 0.23 mm thickness of corrugated roof cladding with 200 mm overhang length.
Water quality assessment at selected sites in Perak and Kinta River
Authors: Wakif S A M , Sabtu N , Abustan I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the water quality study which was carried out at five (5) sampling sites along Sg. Perak and Sg. Kinta respectively. The objective of the study was to examine the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the river and to determine the level and classification at each site based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) and National Water Quality Standards (NWQS). Water samples from the river were subjected to in-situ and laboratory water quality analyses and focused on six (6) important parameters based on WQI which are Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N), and pH. All testing procedures used in this study adhered to the American Public Health Association (APHA) testing procedures. Based on the results obtained, the quality of water for four (4) sampling stations along Sg. Perak can be concluded as CLASS III with only one station concluded as CLASS IV according to the National Water Quality Standards (NWQS). For Sg. Kinta, four sampling stations were classified as CLASS III whereas only one station falls into CLASS II. It is important to determine the WQI at different areas of along the river in order to predict (possible) points of pollution for monitoring purposes.
Assessment of the Effect of High Tide and Low Tide Condition on Stream Flow Velocity at Sungai Rompin’s Mouth
Authors: Akhtar M N , Anees M T , Bakar E A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The variation in stream flow velocities depends on the riverbed slopes. In upstream areas, where slope is steep, the magnitude of velocity is high, whereas in downstream areas, where slope is gentle, the magnitude of velocity is slow. The focus of this study is in the downstream area, where variations in the magnitude of velocities are due to high tide and low tide situations. Due to sea level rise, flooding occurs with high tides in several coastal regions which causes road closures due to submerged in water and public inconveniences. Velocities in high tide conditions need to be examine for safety and health risk of people. Therefore, the main objective of this study to assess the variation in velocity values of stream flow at both high tide and low tide condition near river mouth. One dimensional Hydrological Engineering Centre-River Analysis System (HEC RAS) simulation was conducted 9.4 km along reach of Sungai Rompin. A total of 188 river cross sections were used at an interval of 50 m. Other river geometries such as river central line, riverbanks and flow paths were constructed in RAS mapper of HEC RAS. The unsteady flow was run in both high tide and low tide conditions. The outputs of the simulation were compared and analysed. The results revealed that the stream flow velocities reduced up to 60% in high tide condition when compared to the low tide condition near the river mouth.
Breath sound analysis of sleep apnea syndrome using cluster model
Authors: Shirasuna M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a contemporary disease, with few subjective symptoms. For this reason, many people with SAS have not received a medical examination. In this paper, the possibility of a person with a high probability of having SAS in the near future (Pre-SAS) is determined from only the sound of the subject’s breathing during sleep. The sound is extracted and the breathing pattern and its tendency analysed using the cluster method. Compared to the conventional SAS process for diagnosis in medical institutions, the method proposed in this paper is very simple and easy.
Developing the Regression Relationships for the Critical Period of the Reservoir Systems at Sungai Bekok and Sungai Kesang Catchments in Malaysia
Authors: Oskoui I S , Abdullah R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe knowledge of critical period (CR) for determining the behavior type of reservoir systems is very beneficial in the planning process for distinguishing the period of the required streamflow data in the simulation procedure. Generally, for within-year systems (CR < twelve months) utilizing the critical twelve months of the flow data record is required, whereas for the carryover systems (CR > twelve months) employing the annual streamflow data will suffice. Currently, there is no relationship in the literature that can be used for predicting the behavior type of reservoir systems employing reliability and vulnerability performance indices in Sungai Bekok and Sungai Kesang catchments. Hence, the objective of this study is to develop a novel equation involving performance indices for estimating the critical period of the aforementioned reservoir systems. The reservoirs were analyzed employing a Monte Carlo technique by improved sequent peak algorithm. Afterward, new regression equations for the critical period were developed based on simulation results and then verified by comparing the equations’ outcomes with simulation results. Finally, it was found that the performance of the new equations is excellent in reproducing the critical period.
Exfoliation of charcoal by electrochemical method to synthesize few layers graphene sheets
Authors: Yap K L , Liu W W 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGraphene is a new 2D carbon nanomaterial that has unique properties for several applications. However, the synthesis of large quantity of graphene is a key challenge for researchers. Previous conventional methods such as Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) and epitaxial growth resulted in low production rate and high cost. The research on the electrochemical exfoliation by using charcoal as an electrode is still remains unknown as most researchers employed graphite to produce graphene. The electrochemical exfoliation of charcoal and graphite rod is easy to operate and less time-consuming in the synthesis of few layers graphene sheets. An electrochemical cell consists of charcoal/graphite (as anode) and copper foil (as cathode) which immersed in several types of electrolytes was developed. The surfaces of exfoliated graphene sheets were observed as wrinkle, flaky and layered structures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the presence of oxygen functional groups in the exfoliated graphene sheets while the characteristic peak of GO showed up at 2θ = 9-10° was not seen clearly in all XRD spectrums. The results proved that high amount of exfoliated graphene sheets was formed but less amount of graphene oxide (GO) was produced in the electrochemical exfoliation process.
Study on fluttering characteristics of articulated flat plate flag
Authors: Yamagishi Masaki , Shida Hiroki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For wind/water power generation, we have been trying to harness flow-induced vibration, and we used a flag as the oscillating body. The flag was made of flat plates joined by articulations. To achieve a suitable design in engineering, it is important to clarify the fluttering characteristics of this articulated flat plate. The fluttering characteristics were therefore investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel. In the experiment, several rectangular plates were tested in several conditions of stream-wise length, span-wise length, thickness, and density. To investigate the fluttering characteristics, the fluttering frequency in a uniform flow velocity was focused on. The fluttering mode was observed simultaneously. It was found that an articulated flat plate flutters in a uniform flow and has a steady fluttering mode. The fluttering frequency increases with increasing uniform flow velocity for all conditions. The frequency was higher when the streamwise-length was short, thickness was thin, and density was small. It was found that there were two modes of fluttering: node-less mode and one-node mode. Furthermore, the dimensional analysis was performed, and the results show that the non-dimensional number consisting of the Strouhal number, Reynolds number, and mass ratio became constant.
Vibration Control and Smart Integrated Transportation Strategy of Crane Systems
Authors: Terashima Kazuhiko , Tho Ho Duc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents number of vibration control schemes and smart integrated transportation strategies for crane systems. First, robust control problem of payload’s skew rotation in crane systems is discussed. A robust integral sliding mode controller is proposed to realize skew transportation without residual vibration. Robust stability conditions with respect to parametric uncertainties of the closed-loop system are imposed on control gains. Second, transportation of bulk material using an overhead crane system is considered, in which the transferred material can be dropped/discharged while in the air. This paper introduces a new concept, named tossing control methodology, to enhance transportation productivity. A specific type of tossing controller is established, which relies on the phenomenon of linear resonance. It will be shown that the resonance-based tossing control is able to break the time limitation of the minimum-time vibration suppression control. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control systems. Finally, a diffusion-based obstacle-avoidance path planning method for crane systems is outlined to realize a fully autonomous crane in future.
Cubic Spline-Based Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Millimeter and Microwave Integrated Circuits
Authors: Mansor N H , Abdul-Rahman R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A clamped cubic spline profile taper of an air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) transition was optimized to search for the optimal design of taper in this paper. The optimization technique involved a combination of the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and full-wave analysis of the waveguide. The data from the return and transmission losses provides a basis for the optimization of the transition tapers design. The simulation results show the efficacy of our proposed strategy, where the optimal taper geometry yields an improvement of the return loss while maintaining its original transmission loss at Ka-band (26–40 GHz) frequencies.
Application of electromagnetic induction for impact load measurement
Authors: Adachi T , Ishii Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a small impact testing machine was developed as an application of the method for measuring impact load based on electromagnetic induction phenomena. The experimental results were shown to determine the effectiveness of the method. The electromotive forces generated in two coils near a specimen were measured when a small impactor containing a neodymium magnet, having a mass of 0.36 g, was dropped freely onto a 1.2-mm-thick glass plate. The histories of the impact load and the relation between the impact load and specimen deflection were evaluated from the measured electromotive forces because the electromotive force per impactor velocity is dependent on only the position of the impactor. The method and developed machine with the measurement system were determined to be effective by considering the experimental impact test results for the glass plates.
Test Condition Optimization for Testing of Hip Protectors
Authors: Yahaya S. A. , D’raj J. , Ripin Z. M. , Ridzwan M. I. Z. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Determining the efficacy of hip protectors designed to reduce the menace of the alarming rise in hip fracture due to fall among the elderly population is particularly challenging. Hip protector evaluation has been done using different soft tissue surrogate and at different energy level to determine the effectiveness of various hip protectors. However, some hip protectors that had been ranked effective in mechanical testing systems proof otherwise when deployed for clinical trials, this may be due to lack of optimization of the testing condition, most notably in testing when the soft tissue surrogate attenuates impacts that may be unduly attributed to the effectiveness of the hip protector. In this study, the performance of a surrogate soft tissue, fabricated from polyethylene, was evaluated at different energy levels (3.68 J – 37.9 J) to ascertain the optimal position for evaluating the efficacy of a hip protector to simulate a representative condition of an actual fall to the sideways by a person. A drop-weight impact testing machine was used to evaluate the impact force response of an employed femoral geometry with and without the soft tissue at various residual impact energy. The result showed that the soft tissue might be responsible for up to about 95.17 % of peak impact force attenuation if not adequately modelled. Therefore various conditions were examined to get representative sideways impact condition where the soft tissue employed do not attenuate beyond 11 - 28 % of the peak impact force. This finding demonstrates that the impact condition is as critical as all other parameters in determining the performance of a hip protector.
Reliability analysis on the reservoir dam spillway structure using fluid-structure interaction
Authors: Zawawi Mohd Hafiz , Ng F C , Azman Aqil , Tung L H , Abustan Ismail , Mohd Remy Rozainy Z , Abas Aizat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a combined reliability and flow analysis on the spillway of reservoir dam using the numerical fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach. The spillway is an important structure to the operation of reservoir dam, as it regulates the water flow from upstream to downstream. Therefore, a rapid discharge of water from the reservoir along the spillway will causes possibly flooding at downstream and incurs high structural stress. Using the ANSYS software, the two-way FSI problem of a dam spillway is numerically simulated. Such FSI numerical study able to simultaneously simulate and obtain both the parameters on fluid flow and structural deformation. The current study shows that the downstream has the highest flow velocity; while the highest deformation of 10.7 mm being observed in the connection bridge section. As the general stress level of the overall spillway structure (max. 30.75 MPa) is less than the yield stress of corresponding materials, the spillway will not exhibit any structural failure upon the current discharge mode.
Effect of the oil spill on the soil friction angle
Authors: Ramli Harris , Saat Hafizul , Azmi Mastura , Ahmad Fauziah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There are many factors governs the soil stability, and strength is one of the most important aspects. In the event of soil contamination by oil spills, the soil characteristic and its physical properties will change due to the intrusion of oil in the subsurface. This changes mainly related to the viscous properties of the oil in comparable to natural groundwater. As the soil friction angle is one of the main components of the soil shear strength, the viscosity of the oil will affect the soil friction angle. In this study, three types of typical sand were used to mix with water and oil, and the soil friction angle is determined using direct shear test on these samples under dried condition, 50% of soil saturation and at optimum moisture content. The three sand is classified as Sandy clay, Silt clay with sand and Silt with sand. It is found all samples followed soil compaction principal when the sample mixed with water or oil, except for Sandy clay soil. For sandy clay, as the soil friction angle supposed to increase when reaching the optimum moisture content (φ = 38.7°), the soil friction angle is continued to reduce (φ = 34.2°). This may due to less than 60% coarse grain of the grain size distribution in sandy clay. As coarse grain is the main factor for the grain angularity function that provides the interlocking between particles.