bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of subendocardial adipose tissue and fiber orientation distributions in the human left atrium using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lye Theresa H. , Marboe Charles C. , Hendon Christine P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOptical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to provide real‐time imaging guidance for atrial fibrillation ablation, with promising results for lesion monitoring. OCT can also offer high‐resolution imaging of tissue composition, but there is insufficient cardiac OCT data to inform the use of OCT to reveal important tissue architecture of the human left atrium. Thus, the objective of this study was to define OCT imaging data throughout the human left atrium, focusing on the distribution of adipose tissue and fiber orientation as seen from the endocardium.Methods and ResultsHuman hearts (n = 7) were acquired for imaging the left atrium with OCT. A spectral‐domain OCT system with 1325 nm center wavelength, 6.5 μm axial resolution, 15 μm lateral resolution, and a maximum imaging depth of 2.51 mm in the air was used. Large‐scale OCT image maps of human left atrial tissue were developed, with adipose thickness and fiber orientation extracted from the imaging data. OCT imaging showed scattered distributions of adipose tissue around the septal and pulmonary vein regions, up to a depth of about 0.43 mm from the endocardial surface. The total volume of adipose tissue detected by OCT over one left atrium ranged from 1.42 to 28.74 mm3. Limited fiber orientation information primarily around the pulmonary veins and the septum could be identified.ConclusionOCT imaging could provide adjunctive information on the distribution of subendocardial adipose tissue, particularly around thin areas around the pulmonary veins and septal regions. Variations in OCT‐detected tissue composition could potentially assist ablation guidance.
Blood pressure in relation to frailty in older adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Anker Daniela , Santos‐Eggimann Brigitte , Zwahlen Marcel , Santschi Valérie , Rodondi Nicolas , Wolfson Christina , Chiolero Arnaud 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn frail older adults, low blood pressure (BP) might be associated with worse health outcomes and hypertension management in this population is highly debated. Using data from a population‐based study of older adults, we assessed the association between frailty and BP. We used data collected between 2014 and 2016 from 3157 participants aged between 67 and 80 years in the Lausanne cohort Lc65+. BP was measured three times at one visit, and frailty status was assessed based on Fried's phenotype model. We analyzed the cross‐sectional association between BP and frailty by computing mean systolic and diastolic BP stratified by sex, age, and frailty and by fitting regression models. The average age of the participants was 73.3 (standard deviation [SD]: 4.1) years, and 59.1% were women. 34.1% were pre‐frail, and 3.3% were frail. Mean BP was 135.1/76.3 mm Hg (SD 18.5/11.0). Age‐ and sex‐adjusted systolic BP was on average lower by 2.8 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4‐4.2) and 6.7 mm Hg (95% CI: 3.2‐10.3) among pre‐frail and frail compared to non‐frail participants. Similar differences in mean diastolic BP across frailty status were found. Upon adjustment for antihypertensive treatment, the associations between frailty status and BP did not change substantially. Frail individuals had a substantially lower BP compared with non‐frail older adults. Because low BP could be detrimental among frail older patients, our findings raise questions about hypertension management in this population and stress the need for additional evidence.
Body fat change and 8‐year incidence of hypertension: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Authors: Lee Sung‐Bum , Cho A‐Ra , Kwon Yu‐Jin , Jung Dong‐Hyuk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHypertension is strongly correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Recent studies have demonstrated that body fat percentage (BF%) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between a change in BF% and body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of new‐onset hypertension in a normotensive Korean cohort. At baseline (2001‐2002), 8848 participants aged 40‐70 years were recruited for the study; follow‐up surveys were completed in the year 2012. A total of 3902 adults (1866 men and 2036 women) were included in the final analysis. These subjects were divided into quartile groups according to changes in BF% and were followed for 8.4 years to monitor for the development of hypertension. A Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the relative risk (RR) for hypertension according to BF% change quartile. Additionally, we also stratified participants into four groups according to BMI change levels and body fat change levels. Finally, we compared two factors, BF% change, and BMI change, to determine which is more predictive of incident hypertension. In an adjusted model, compared with the lowest BF% quartile group, the risk of new‐onset hypertension significantly increased with BF% change: Changes in risk were 0%‐2.0% for quartile 3 subjects (RR: 1.32 [1.06‐1.63]) and 2.0%‐8.9% for quartile 4 participants (RR: 1.78 [1.43‐2.19]). We also revealed that the RR for new‐onset hypertension was 1.81 (95% CI: 1.47‐2.21) for quartile 4 group subjects, compared with subjects in quartile 1 (change in BMI −6.80 to −0.86% [kg/m2]). Body fat gain and BMI increase were predictors of hypertension in this community‐based Korean cohort.
Macrophage autophagy regulates mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis and inhibits necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques
Authors: Xiao Qingqing , Che Xinyu , Cai Bin , Tao Zhenyu , Zhang Hengyuan , Shao Qin , Pu Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe vulnerable plaque is a key distinguishing feature of atherosclerotic lesions that can cause acute atherothrombotic vascular disease. This study was designed to explore the effect of autophagy on mitochondria‐mediated macrophage apoptosis and vulnerable plaques. Here, we generated the mouse model of vulnerable carotid plaque in ApoE−/− mice. Application of ApoE−/− mice with rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) inhibited necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques by decreasing macrophage apoptosis. However, 3‐methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) promoted plaque vulnerability through deteriorating these indexes. To further explore the mechanism of autophagy on macrophage apoptosis, we used macrophage apoptosis model in vitro and found that 7‐ketocholesterol (7‐KC, one of the primary oxysterols in oxLDL) caused macrophage apoptosis with concomitant impairment of mitochondria, characterized by the impairment of mitochondrial ultrastructure, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial potential dissipation, mitochondrial fragmentation, excessive ROS generation and both caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 activation. Interestingly, such mitochondrial apoptotic responses were ameliorated by autophagy activator, but exacerbated by autophagy inhibitor. Finally, we found that MAPK‐NF‐κB signalling pathway was involved in autophagy modulation of 7‐KC–induced macrophage apoptosis. So, we provide strong evidence for the potential therapeutic benefit of macrophage autophagy in regulating mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis and inhibiting necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques.
Standard medical nutrition therapy of 25 kcal/kg ideal bodyweight/day often does not reach even resting energy expenditure for patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fukuda Takuya , Tanaka Muhei , Yamazaki Masahiro , Marunaka Yoshinori , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionIn Japan, an ideal bodyweight (IBW) calculated by 22 × height (m)2 has commonly been used in the planning of medical nutrition therapy (MNT). However, there have been concerns regarding calorie deficits in fulfilling resting energy expenditure (REE) for patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing MNT as defined by 25 kcal/kg IBW/day. The objective of the present study was to measure REE in patients with type 2 diabetes and verify the validity of MNT with 25 kcal/kg IBW/day.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was carried out in 52 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age was 65.9 ± 7.3 years, bodyweight 65.0 ± 11.3 kg, body mass index 24.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2). REE was measured by indirect calorimetry.ResultsThe mean REE was 1,601.0 ± 253.1 kcal/day. Assuming that all patients strictly observed daily energy intake as 25 kcal/kg IBW/day, 41 of 52 patients (78.9%) did not reach their REE. The greater the bodyweight, the greater the difference between assumed energy intake as 25 kcal/kg IBW and REE.ConclusionsWe call attention to the potential risk of total dietary energy intake set to 25 kcal/kg IBW/day. Clinicians should carefully plan MNT to not fall below a patient’s REE to prevent sarcopenia and ensure MNT continuity.
Extraction of Brazil nut kernel oil using green solvents: Effects of the process variables in the oil yield and composition
Authors: Cornelio‐Santiago Heber P. , Mazalli Mônica R. , Rodrigues Christianne E. C. , de Oliveira Alessandra L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe extraction efficiency of isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol was studied, and the effects of the process variables, static time (St), solvent‐to‐feed (S/F) ratio, and temperature (T) in the oil extraction yield (X0), free fatty acids (FFA) content, total phenolic content (TPC), and β‐sitosterol content were statistically investigated. The amount of solvent used (S/F) did not influence theX0, but St andTsignificantly influenced (p< .05) theX0. The condition that maximized theX0(60.40%) occurred when a St of 9 min and aTof 86°C were used, and low level of FFA were observed in all oils obtained. The process variables studied did not significantly influence (p> .05) in the content of FFA (0.25–0.28%), TPC (29.10–38.47 mg GAE/kg oil), and β‐sitosterol content (9.51–40.32 mg/100 g oil). Its oil is a high source of unsaturated fatty acid. Pressurized liquid extraction is a promising technique for rapid extraction of oil including Brazil nut kernel. Its process recovered 90.58% of oil in 27 min (3 cycles for 9 min of static time).Practical ApplicationsThe optimization of pressurized green solvent extraction has been studied in order to demonstrate that this technology, even employing polar solvents, provides high yields in oil extraction. It is a technology under study that leaves no residue of toxic solvents on vegetable oils. In this study, the use of pressurized liquid extraction with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH) as solvents was employed to extract oil from Brazil nut kernel, focusing on the oil rapid recovery as an alternative process to increase the oil yield and improve the use of non‐timber forest product of Amazon biome.
Formation and gastrointestinal digestion of β‐carotene emulsion stabilized by milk fat globule membrane
Authors: He Shenghua , Ye Aiqian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present study, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) was used to prepare β‐carotene emulsion. The physicochemical and microstructure changes of MFGM‐prepared emulsions were investigated upon exposure to gastrointestinal (GI) digestion fluid. The average droplet size significantly reduced (p < .05) from 18.29 μm to 0.91 μm with the addition of MFGM concentrations from 0.25 wt% to 4.0 wt%. The emulsion exposure to the simulated gastric fluid showed a significant increase in droplet sizes (p < .05) and partial droplet aggregation in microstructure compared to initial emulsion. There was a notable increase (p < .05) in particle sizes and decrease in the number of oil droplets when β‐carotene emulsion was exposed to simulated intestinal fluid after 60, 120, and 180 min digestion time. In the simulated intestinal fluid, about 200 μmol/L free fatty acid and 60% β‐carotene were released when β‐carotene emulsion was exposed to simulated intestinal fluid after 60 min digestion time.Practical applicationsMilk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is an ideal material used for the preparation of β‐carotene emulsions because of not only its fascinating structure and special compositions but also its nutritional and health benefits. In this work, MFGM stabilizes the oil phase, as well as controlling and triggering the release of β‐carotene when the emulsions are exposed to GI tract. Therefore, these results demonstrate that MFGM as a natural emulsifier can be used to deliver hydrophobic bioactivities.
Interaction and inactivation of Listeria and Lactobacillus cells in single and mixed species biofilms exposed to different disinfectants
Authors: Kocot Aleksandra M. , Olszewska Magdalena A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractListeria spp. are ubiquitously found in both the natural and the food processing environment, of which Listeria monocytogenes is of an important health risk. Here, we report on the formation of single and mixed species biofilms of L. monocytogenes/Listeria innocua and Lactobacillus plantarum strains in 24‐well polystyrene microtiter plates and on the inactivation of 24‐hr and 72‐hr biofilms using quaternary ammonium compound‐, tertiary alkyl amine‐, and chlorine‐based disinfectants. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining were applied for 72‐hr L. innocua–L. plantarum mixed biofilms in the LabTek system for the species identification and the reaction of biofilm cells to disinfectants, respectively. L. monocytogenes/L. innocua were more resistant to disinfectants in 72‐hr than in 24‐hr biofilms, whereas L. plantarum strains did not show any significant differences between 72‐hr and 24‐hr biofilms. Furthermore, L. innocua when grown with L. plantarum was more resistant to all disinfection treatments, indicating a protective effect from lactobacilli in the mixed species biofilm. The biofilm formation and reaction to disinfectants, microscopically verified using fluorescence in situ hybridization and LIVE/DEAD staining, showed that L. innocua and L. plantarum form a dense mixed biofilm and also suggested the shielding effect of L. plantarum on L. innocua in the mixed species biofilm.
Depression‐linked beliefs in older adults with depression
Authors: Tanaka Koji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo clarify beliefs linked with depression among older adults with depression in Japan.BackgroundAs a result of global population ageing, caring for older adults with depression has become an important issue worldwide. In this paper, the concept of “beliefs” pertains to phenomena that lead to distress about disease and can be alleviated through talk therapy. While previous studies focused on illness beliefs in people with mental illness and depression, no studies have yet focused on such beliefs among older adults with depression.DesignQualitative, narrative‐research‐based method.MethodsObservation and 1–5 narrative interviews lasting 60–90 min were conducted with each of 19 older adults with depression in a Japanese psychiatric ward. The resulting narratives were thematically analysed to derive relevant themes and subthemes. Reporting of this research adheres to COREQ guidelines.ResultsFour themes and twelve subthemes were revealed. Depression‐linked beliefs among older adults with depression were (1) “guilt and regret,” (2) “pessimism,” (3) “futility of treatment” and (4) “desire to be needed by loved ones and society.”ConclusionDepression‐linked beliefs among older adults with depression constituted spiritual pain reflecting character tendencies, including experiences of loss and developmental challenges related to ageing as well as subjects' natural diligence and consideration for others.Relevance to clinical practice(1) Helping nurses better understand distress experienced by older adults with depression, who are prone to feel guilt and regret when reflecting on the past and to alleviate distress through dialogue and providing positive affirmation for patients. (2) To understand and assuage distress over experiences of loss in old age. (3) To help older adults with depression form a more relaxed attitude towards life, so that even if they have experienced loss as a result of old age, they can maintain their self‐esteem and existential sense of self‐worth.
The hospital frailty risk score in patients with heart failure is strongly associated with outcomes but less so with pharmacotherapy
Authors: McAlister F. A. , Savu A. , Ezekowitz J. A. , Armstrong P. W. , Kaul P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough frailty is known to be an important prognostic factor in heart failure (HF), HF risk‐adjustment models do not incorporate frailty measures and the interplay between frailty, age and pharmacotherapy is unclear.ObjectivesTo explore the relationships between frailty, pharmacotherapy and outcomes in heart failure (HF).MethodsRetrospective cohort study of all adults in Alberta, Canada hospitalized for the first time for HF between 2004 and 2016. Frailty was defined using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS).ResultsIn 26 626 patients (mean age 77.4 years), the 8887 (33.4%) defined as frail (HFRS ≥ 5) were older, had higher Charlson scores and more prior emergency department visits or hospitalizations. The HFRS and the Charlson Score were only weakly correlated (r = 0.35). Whilst more common in older patients (41.4% of patients 80 or older), frailty was present in 22.4% of patients younger than 65. Frail patients had longer lengths of stay and worse outcomes postdischarge, but adding the HFRS to age, sex and Charlson score did not improve prediction of events (c‐statistics 0.69 for 30‐day mortality after admission, and 0.54 for 30‐day readmission/ED visit/or death after discharge). Frail patients younger than 65 were significantly more likely than nonfrail patients 80 or older to be prescribed high‐dose evidence‐based HF therapies (27.1% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.003).ConclusionAlthough the HFRS reflects aspects of frailty that patient age and Charlson scores do not, the addition of the HFRS to standard risk prediction equations provides little additional information. Prescribing practices correlate more with patient age than frailty status.
Clinical FDG‐PET Findings in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Concordance with EEG and MRI
Authors: Jaisani Zeenat , Miletich Robert S. , Ramanathan Murali , Weinstock Arie L. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEWe aimed to study the yield of PET in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by analyzing the correlation of PET findings with MRI, and interictal and ictal EEG findings, in a single‐center cohort of patients with TLE. Predictors of PET thalamic changes and its role in predicting postsurgical outcome were also studied.METHODSThis was a retrospective study of 39 patients with TLE who underwent MRI, PET, and scalp video EEG monitoring at the University at Buffalo, New York from 2001 to 2011 during presurgical evaluation. PET‐defined metabolism of the temporal lobes was evaluated using a 4‐point ordinal rating scale.RESULTSPET hypometabolism was associated with a variation in ictal (P = .034) and interictal (P < .001) foci in both lesional (by MRI) and nonlesional patients. Nonlesional MRI scans were associated with none to mild temporal PET hypometabolism (71% of patients) while lesional MRI scans were associated with moderate to severe hypometabolism (82% of patients) (P = .006). The odds of thalamic hypometabolism were 5.36 times higher when there was moderate to severe temporal hypometabolism (P = .039).CONCLUSIONThis study underscores the utility of PET in localizing ictal foci in TLE patients even in those with normal MRI. The degree of PET hypometabolism corresponds to presence of MRI pathology. Coexistent thalamic hypometabolism with temporal hypometabolism suggests a secondary effect of distant temporal network disruption. Extratemporal metabolism is a predictor of poor postsurgical seizure outcome in TLE patients.
Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte‐derived MLL2 independently predicts disease‐free survival for patients with early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Nisha , Ding Liang , Fu Yong , Yang Yan , Chen Sheng , Chen Wantao , Zhao Mengxiang , Zhao Xingxing , Lu Zhanyi , Ni Yanhong , Hu Qingang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMLL2 (mixed‐lineage leukemia 2) is recognized as an essential role in regulating histone 3 lysine 4 tri‐methylation (H3K4me3) in mammalian cells. It is frequently mutated to promote developmental diseases and tumor initiation. However, the expression pattern of MLL2 and its clinical significance for patients with early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain totally unknown.MethodsEighty‐five samples of primary early‐stage OSCC were enrolled in this retrospective study, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the spatial pattern of MLL2. The diagnostic and prognostic value of MLL2 were assessed.ResultsMLL2 was widely expressed in tumor cells (TCs), fibroblast‐like cells (FLCs), and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), both in tumor center and invasive tumor front, and showed no distributive heterogeneity. Moreover, regardless of cell types and microlocalization, patients with high expressed MLL2 had increased depth invasion of tumor (DOI). Besides, upregulation of MLL2TC and MLL2TIL in tumor center were both associated with poor differentiation, but showed no correlation with tumor growth with comparable Ki‐67 levels. Prognostic analysis indicated that early‐stage OSCC patients with enhanced MLL2TIL in invasive tumor front were susceptible to occur postoperative metastasis and recurrence. Indeed, patients with higher expressed MLL2TIL showed shorter overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), and MLL2TIL in invasive tumor front was an independent risk factor of DFS.ConclusionTIL‐derived MLL2 in invasive tumor front was an independent prognostic factor of DFS for early‐stage OSCC patients.
Displacement of Customized Abutments Designed on a Working Cast and in the Oral Cavity: A Comparative In Vivo Study
Authors: Lee Hyunho , Son Keunbada , Lee Wan‐Sun , Lee Kyu‐Bok 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare abutment displacement between the virtual, customized abutment that was designed on a cast and the customized abutment prepared in the oral cavity.Materials and MethodsEleven patients were selected for a single posterior implant prosthetic treatment. The impression was obtained using the closed tray impression method with a vinyl polysiloxane material using a custom tray. The standard tessellation language files of the customized abutment that was designed using the computer‐aided design system and acquired with an intraoral scanner in the oral cavity were superimposed and analyzed for distance and angle displacement using the three‐dimensional inspection analysis program (Geomagic Control X). In the statistical analysis, distance and angle displacement values were analyzed with the Kruskal‐Wallis H test (α = 0.05), and a post hoc comparison was performed using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test and Bonferroni correction method.ResultsThe mean distance and angle displacement of the 15 customized abutments were 89.52 ± 66.86 µm and 0.83 ± 1.21°, respectively. There were significant differences in distance displacement (p < 0.001), and angle displacement (p < 0.001) among the 15 customized abutments, and there were no significant differences in angle displacement along the 4 directions (p = 0.735).ConclusionsThe displacement values of the customized abutments evaluated in the oral cavity differed significantly from patient to patient.