bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional and temporal differences in health-related quality of life of people with and without osteoarthritis: a 10-year prospective study
Authors: Zhao Ting , Ahmad Hasnat , Winzenberg Tania , Aitken Dawn , Graaff Barbara de , Jones Graeme , Palmer Andrew J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To describe the impact of OA on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the forms of health state utilities (HSUs) and health-dimension scores, and to compare the longitudinal changes in HRQoL for people with and without OA, using an Australian population-based longitudinal cohort.

Methods
Participants of the Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort with data on OA diagnosis and HRQoL were included [interviewed at baseline (n = 1093), 2.5 years (n = 871), 5 years (n = 760) and 10 years (n = 562)]. HRQoL was assessed using the Assessment of Quality of Life four-dimensions and analysed using multivariable linear mixed regressions.

Results
Compared with participants without OA, HSUs for those with OA were 0.07 (95% confidence interval: 0.09, 0.05) units lower on average over 10 years. HSUs for participants with knee and/or hip OA were similar to those with other types of OA at the 2.5 year follow-up and then diverged, with HSUs of the former being up to 0.09 units lower than the latter. Those with OA had lower scores for psychological wellness, independent living and social relationships compared with those without OA. Independent living and social relationships were mainly impacted by knee and/or hip OA, with the effect on the former increasing over time.

Conclusion
Interventions to improve HRQoL should be tailored to specific OA types, health dimensions, and times. Support for maintaining psychological wellness should be provided, irrespective of OA type and duration. However, support for maintaining independent living could be more relevant to knee and/or hip OA patients living with the disease for longer.
Losing Steam: Why Does Japan Produce So Little Geothermal Power?
Authors: HYMANS Jacques E C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractJapan has long faced energy insecurity due to its extreme dependence on energy imports. Why, then, has Japan failed to exploit its huge domestic geothermal energy resources, which could provide up to 10% of the country’s electricity needs? This article argues that local interests empowered by national policy have been the main obstacle to expansion of geothermal power production in Japan since the 1970s. The article substantiates its claim with a historical analysis of national geothermal policy and a fieldwork-based case study of geothermal power development in Yuzawa City, Akita Prefecture.
Japan Meets the Sharing Economy: Contending Frames
Authors: ALTURA Thomas G , HASHIMOTO Yuki , JACOBY Sanford M , KANAI Kaoru , SAGUCHI Kazuro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ‘sharing economy’ epitomized by Airbnb and Uber has challenged business, labor, and regulatory institutions throughout the world. The arrival of Airbnb and Uber in Japan provided an opportunity for Prime Minister Abe’s administration to demonstrate its commitment to deregulation. Both platform companies garnered support from powerful governmental and industry actors who framed the sharing economy as a solution to various economic and social problems. However, they met resistance from actors elsewhere in government, the private sector, and civil society, who constructed competing frames. Unlike studies that compare national responses to the sharing economy, we contrast the different experiences and fates of Airbnb and Uber within a single country. Doing so highlights actors, framing processes, and within-country heterogeneity. The study reveals the limits of overly institutionalized understandings of Japanese political economy. It also contributes to current debates concerning Prime Minister Abe’s efforts at implementing deregulation during the 2010s.
Excess mortality among people with podoconiosis: secondary analysis of two Ethiopian cohorts
Authors: Masraf Hannah , Azemeraw Temesgen , Molla Meseret , Jones Christopher Iain , Bremner Stephen , Ngari Moses , Berkley James A , Kivaya Esther , Fegan Greg , Tamiru Abreham , Kelemework Abebe , Lang Trudie , Newport Melanie J , Davey Gail 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
While morbidity attributable to podoconiosis is relatively well studied, its pattern of mortality has not been established.

Methods
We compared the age-standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) of two datasets from northern Ethiopia: podoconiosis patients enrolled in a 1-y trial and a Health and Demographic Surveillance System cohort.

Results
The annual crude mortality rate per 1000 population for podoconiosis patients was 28.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.3 to 44.8; n=663) while that of the general population was 2.8 (95% CI 2.3 to 3.4; n=44 095). The overall SMR for the study period was 6.0 (95% CI 3.6 to 9.4).

Conclusions
Podoconiosis patients experience elevated mortality compared with the general population and further research is required to understand the reasons.
The Bridgwater Family: A History of an African American Family in the American West from Slavery to the Civil Rights Era
Authors: Williams Charnan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Bridg(e)water Family Papers is a substantial archive that details the history of an African American family who left the American South in the late nineteenth century for freedom in the American West. In the early twentieth century, the family eventually arrived in Montana, where they experienced both degrees of freedom and unfortunate forms of racial discrimination. Both the family matriarch and her daughter—Mamie and Octavia Bridgwater, respectively—were the main architects of the family archive. These two Black women constructed a collection that provides insight into the history of the Black West. Utilizing their archive, this article shows how the Bridgwaters departed from the South in search of social and economic advancement through participation in the military, membership in Black organizations, and landownership. Although they were out of the South, the Bridgwaters still encountered racially discriminatory practices that are indicative of the African American experience throughout the United States. The struggle of the Bridgwater family and their descendants to navigate this ambivalent terrain in the West is the consistent theme of their archive.
Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaurDiamantinasaurus matildaeprovides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs
Authors: Poropat Stephen F , Kundrát Martin , Mannion Philip D , Upchurch Paul , Tischler Travis R , Elliott David A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae is represented by two individuals from the Cenomanian–lower Turonian ‘upper’ Winton Formation of central Queensland, north-eastern Australia. The type specimen has been described in detail, whereas the referred specimen, which includes several elements not present in the type series (partial skull, atlas, axis and postaxial cervical vertebrae), has only been described briefly. Herein, we provide a comprehensive description of this referred specimen, including a thorough assessment of the external and internal anatomy of the braincase, and identify several new autapomorphies of D. matildae. Via an expanded data matrix consisting of 125 taxa scored for 552 characters, we recover a close, well-supported relationship between Diamantinasaurus and its contemporary, Savannasaurus elliottorum. Unlike previous iterations of this data matrix, under a parsimony framework we consistently recover Diamantinasaurus and Savannasaurus as early-diverging members of Titanosauria using both equal weighting and extended implied weighting, with the overall topology largely consistent between analyses. We erect a new clade, named Diamantinasauria herein, that also includes the contemporaneous Sarmientosaurus musacchioi from southern Argentina, which shares several cranial features with the referred Diamantinasaurus specimen. Thus, Diamantinasauria is represented in the mid-Cretaceous of both South America and Australia, supporting the hypothesis that some titanosaurians, in addition to megaraptoran theropods and possibly some ornithopods, were able to disperse between these two continents via Antarctica. Conversely, there is no evidence for rebbachisaurids in Australia, which might indicate that they were unable to expand into high latitudes before their extinction in the Cenomanian–Turonian. Likewise, there is no evidence for titanosaurs with procoelous caudal vertebrae in the mid-Cretaceous Australian record, despite scarce but compelling evidence for their presence in both Antarctica and New Zealand during the Campanian–Maastrichtian. These later titanosaurs presumably dispersed into these landmasses from South America before the Campanian (~85 Mya), when seafloor spreading between Zealandia and Australia commenced. Although Australian mid-Cretaceous dinosaur faunas appear to be cosmopolitan at higher taxonomic levels, closer affinities with South America at finer scales are becoming better supported for sauropods, theropods and ornithopods.
Adapting a Low-threshold Buprenorphine Program for Vulnerable Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nordeck Courtney D. , Buresh Megan , Krawczyk Noa , Fingerhood Michael , Agus Deborah 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To examine patient characteristics and outcomes among opioid use disorder patients enrolled in low-threshold buprenorphine treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This paper describes the adaptation of the Project Connections (PC) program, a low-threshold buprenorphine program in Baltimore, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines patient characteristics and initial outcomes of patients served during a rapid protocol shift to telehealth that allowed buprenorphine initiation without an in-person encounter following a state-mandated stay-at-home order. Patient characteristics were compared to a subsample of patients enrolled in the program before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
In March 2020, there was a sharp increase in new enrollments to the PC program. A total of 143 patients completed an intake assessment between March and May 2020 and 140 began treatment with buprenorphine/naloxone. Those who completed an intake assessment were primarily male (68.5%), Black (83.2%), had a mean age of 43.2 years (SD = 11.7), and reported a mean of 17.0 years of opioid use (SD = 12.9). The majority of patients were unemployed (72.7%) and reported previous criminal justice involvement (69.2%). Of those who completed an intake assessment, 96.5% returned for a second visit. Among those for whom 30-day retention data was available (n = 113), 63.7% were engaged for 30 days or longer.

Conclusions:
The PC program illustrates that offering on-demand, flexible treatment is an opportunity to increase opioid use disorder treatment access, even during a public health emergency that disrupted access to services. Relaxation of buprenorphine telehealth regulations allowed for flexibility in treatment and benefits vulnerable populations.
Virtual Reality to Reduce Procedural Pain During IV Insertion in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Litwin Sasha P. , Nguyen Cynthia , Hundert Amos , Stuart Samantha , Liu Derek , Maguire Bryan , Matava Clyde , Stinson Jennifer 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using virtual reality (VR) for distraction during intravenous (IV) insertion in the pediatric emergency department (ED) and of conducting a full-scale randomized controlled trial.

Materials and Methods:
Children aged 8 to 17 years old attending a tertiary care pediatric ED were randomized to interactive VR or an attention control (video on a tablet) for distraction during their IV insertion. Feasibility was determined by recruitment rates, acceptability of the intervention, response rates to outcome measures, and safety or technical problems. Satisfaction questionnaires and pain, fear, and distress scores were completed by the child, caregiver, nurse, and research assistant. Immersion in the intervention was rated by the child. Heart rate was measured.

Results:
Children were recruited between February 2018 and May 2019. A total of 116 children were screened and 72.3% of eligible children were enrolled. Overall, 60 children were randomized to either VR (n=32) or attention control (n=28). Children, caregivers, and nurses were highly satisfied with both distraction methods. There were no significant safety, technical, or equipment issues. There was minimal disruption to clinical workflow in both groups due to study protocols. There was a clinically significant reduction in pain in the VR group. There was no significant difference in fear or distress. Children reported higher immersion in the VR environment. Heart rate increase from baseline was higher in the VR group.

Discussion:
Our data support the feasibility of using VR for distraction during IV insertion and of conducting a full-scale randomized controlled trial. Identifying eligible patients and minimizing the number of outcome measures will be important considerations for future research.
Family-based Interventions Benefit Individuals With Musculoskeletal Pain in the Short-term but not in the Long-Term
Authors: Fritsch Carolina G. , Ferreira Manuela L. , da Silva Anne K.F. , Simic Milena , Dunn Kate M. , Campbell Paul , Foster Nadine E. , Ferreira Paulo H. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
The benefits of family-based interventions for patients with musculoskeletal pain have been previously shown in individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but no systematic review has summarized their effects.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of family-based interventions on clinical and biopsychosocial outcomes in people with musculoskeletal pain (PROSPERO CRD42018118442). Meta-analyses were performed for the outcomes of pain intensity, disability, mood, self-efficacy, and marital adjustment.

Results:
Of 1223 records identified, 18 reports representing 15 RCTs were included in the qualitative review and 10 in the meta-analyses. Family-based interventions were more effective to reduce pain (mean difference [MD], −3.55/100; 95% confidence intreval [CI], −4.03 to −3.06) and disability (MD, −1.51/100; 95% CI, −1.98 to −1.05) than individual-focused interventions at short-term, but not at mid term or long term. There were no effects on other outcomes. Family-based interventions were more effective to reduce pain (MD, −6.05/100; 95% CI, −6.78 to −5.33) compared with usual care only at short-term. No effects were found on disability and other outcomes.

Discussion:
There is moderate-quality evidence that family-based interventions result in small, significantly better pain and disability outcomes in the short-term compared with individual-focused interventions in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Based on low-quality evidence, family-based interventions result in small improvements on pain in the short-term compared with usual care. Future studies should review the content and optimize the mechanisms underpinning family-based interventions in musculoskeletal pain so that the approach could be further tested in adequately powered RCTs.
Utility and Predictive Value of CHIIDA Score in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jain Ruchi A. , Karnik Hemangi S. , Kotwani Deepti M. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The Children’s Intracranial Injury Decision Aid (CHIIDA) is a tool designed to stratify children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The aim of this study was to assess the utility and predictive value of CHIIDA in the assessment of the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in pediatric patients with mTBI.

Methods:
This prospective observational study included 425 children below 18 years of age admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care hospital with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale 13 to 15). The primary outcome was the composite of neurosurgical intervention, intubation for more than 24 hours for TBI, or death from TBI. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios were calculated at CHIIDA scores 0 and 2.

Results:
Among 425 children with mTBI, 210 (49%) had a CHIIDA score 0, 16 (4%) scored 2 points, and 199 (47%) scored more than 2 points. Thirty-six (8.47%) patients experienced the primary outcome, and there were 3 deaths. A cutoff CHIIDA >0 to admit to ICU had a sensitivity of 97.22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.05%-97.39%) and a negative predictive value of 99.54% (95% CI, 99.50%-99.56%). A cutoff of score >2 had a sensitivity of 97.22% (95% CI, 97.05%-97.39%), and negative predictive value of 99.56% (95% CI, 99.54%-99.59%). The post-test probability at cutoff score of 0 and 2 was 16.65% and 16.27%, respectively.

Conclusions:
CHIIDA score does not serve as reliable triage tool for identifying children with TBI who do not require ICU admission.
Intentional Temporary Limb Deformation for Closure of Soft-Tissue Defects in Open Tibial Fractures
Authors: Hernández-Irizarry Roberto , Quinnan Stephen M. , Reid John Spence , Toney Clarence Brian , Rozbruch S Robert , Lezak Bradley , Fragomen Austin T. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
(1) Evaluate intentional temporary limb deformation for closure of soft-tissue defects as a reconstruction strategy in open tibia fractures and (2) analyze the deformity parameters required for such reconstruction.

Design:
Multicenter retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Nineteen patients 18 years of age and older at the time of initial trauma, with a Gustilo–Anderson type IIIB or IIIC open tibia fracture treated with hexapod external fixation and intentional bony deformity created to facilitate soft-tissue closure.

Intervention:
Intentional limb deformation for soft-tissue closure, followed by gradual correction with a hexapod external fixator.

Outcome Measurements:
Radiographic healing, radiographic assessment of limb alignment, and functional and bony Application of the Method of Ilizarov Group score.

Results:
The average age was 45.3 (20–70), and 79% of patients were men. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accidents. The distal 1 of 5 of the tibia was the most common fracture location, with 37% of these involving the articular surface at the plafond. After wound closure, deformity correction was initiated after 30 days on average. Varus and apex posterior were the most common initial deformity required for primary soft-tissue closure. Bony and functional Application of the Method of Ilizarov Group outcomes were good or excellent in 94% of patients.

Conclusion:
Intentional deformation followed by a gradual correction can be an effective strategy to obtain bone union and soft-tissue coverage in certain open fractures. This technique, in essence, converts these injuries from type IIIB to IIIA. This strategy obviates the need for flap coverage and results in satisfactory outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Immediate Weight-Bearing and Range of Motion After Internal Fixation of Selected Malleolar Fractures: A Retrospective Controlled Study
Authors: Fram Brianna R. , Rogero Ryan G. , Chang Gerard , Krieg James C. , Raikin Steven M. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
We studied the safety of immediate weight-bearing as tolerated (IWBAT) and immediate range of motion (IROM) after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of selected malleolar ankle fractures (defined as involving bony or ligamentous disruption of 2 or more of the malleoli or syndesmosis without articular comminution) and attempted to identify risk factors for complications.

Design:
Retrospective case–control study.

Setting:
Level 1 Urban Trauma Center and multiple community hospitals, orthopedic specialty hospitals, and outpatient surgicenters within one metropolitan area.

Patients/Participants:
Of 268 patients at our level 1 trauma center who underwent primary ORIF of a selected malleolar fracture from 2013 to 2018, we identified 133 (49.6%) who were selected for IWBAT and IROM. We used propensity score matching to identify 172 controls who were non–weight-bearing (NWB) and no range of motion for 6 weeks postoperatively. The groups did not differ significantly in age, body mass index, Charleston Comorbidity Index, smoking status, diabetes status, malleoli involved, percentages undergoing medial malleolus (60.9% IWBAT vs. 51.7% NWB), posterior malleolus (24.1% IWBAT, 26.7% NWB), or syndesmosis fixation (41.4% IWBAT, 42.4% NWB, P = 0.85).

Intervention:
IWBAT and IROM after ankle ORIF versus NWB for 6 weeks.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Postoperative complications, including delayed wound healing, superficial or deep infection, and loss of reduction.

Results:
There was no significant difference in total complications (P = 0.41), nonoperative complications (P = 0.53), or operative complications, including a loss of reduction (P = 0.89). We did not identify any factors associated with an increased complication risk, including posterior malleolus or syndesmosis fixation, diabetes, age, or preinjury-assisted ambulation.

Conclusions:
We failed to demonstrate a difference in complications in general and loss of reduction in particular when allowing immediate weight-bearing/ROM in selected cases of operatively treated malleolar fractures, suggesting this may be safe. Future prospective randomized studies are necessary to determine if immediate weight-bearing/ROM is safe and whether it offers any benefits to patients with operatively treated malleolar fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.