bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LacZ‐reporter mapping ofDlx5/6expression and genoarchitectural analysis of the postnatal mouse prethalamus
Authors: Puelles Luis , Diaz Carmen , Stühmer Thorsten , Ferran José L. , Martínez‐de la Torre Margaret , Rubenstein John L. R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present here a thorough and complete analysis of mouse P0‐P140 prethalamic histogenetic subdivisions and corresponding nuclear derivatives, in the context of local tract landmarks. The study used as fundamental material brains from a transgenic mouse line that expresses LacZ under the control of an intragenic enhancer of Dlx5 and Dlx6 (Dlx5/6‐LacZ). Subtle shadings of LacZ signal, jointly with pan‐DLX immunoreaction, and several other ancillary protein or RNA markers, including Calb2 and Nkx2.2 ISH (for the prethalamic eminence, and derivatives of the rostral zona limitans shell domain, respectively) were mapped across the prethalamus. The resulting model of the prethalamic region postulates tetrapartite rostrocaudal and dorsoventral subdivisions, as well as a tripartite radial stratification, each cell population showing a characteristic molecular profile. Some novel nuclei are proposed, and some instances of potential tangential cell migration were noted.
Acquisition of High‐Quality Spectral Flow Cytometry Data
Authors: Fox Amy , Dutt Taru S. , Karger Burton , Obregón‐Henao Andrés , Anderson G. Brooke , Henao‐Tamayo Marcela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFlow cytometry allows the visualization of physical, functional, and/or biological properties of cells including antigens, cytokines, size, and complexity. With increasingly large flow cytometry panels able to analyze up to 50 parameters, there is a need to standardize flow cytometry protocols to achieve high‐quality data that can be input into analysis algorithms. Without this clean data, algorithms may incorrectly categorize the cell populations present in the samples. In this protocol, we outline a comprehensive methodology to prepare samples for polychromatic flow cytometry. The use of multiple washing steps and rigorous controls creates high‐quality data with good separation between cell populations. Experimental data acquired using this protocol can be analyzed via computational algorithms that perform end‐to‐end analysis. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of single‐cell suspension for flow cytometrySupport Protocol 1: Lung preparationSupport Protocol 2: Counting cells on a flow cytometerBasic Protocol 2: Surface and intracellular flow cytometry stainingSupport Protocol 3: Single‐color bead controls
Induced Protic Behaviour in Aprotonic Ionic Liquids by Anion Basicity for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Yeadon Darius J. , Jacquemin Johan , Plechkova Natalia V. , Maréchal Manuel , Seddon Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe interactions between aprotonic tetrabutylphosphonium carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs), [P4 4 4 4][CnCOO] (n=1, 2 and 7), and water were investigated. The cation‐anion interactions occur via the α‐1H on [P4 4 4 4]+ and the carboxylate headgroup of the anion. Upon addition, H2O localises around the carboxylate headgroups, inducing an electron inductive effect towards the oxygens, leading to ion‐pair separation. Studies with D2O and [P4 4 4 4][CnCOO] revealed protic behaviour of the systems, with proton/deuterium exchange occurring at the α‐1H of the cation, promoted by the basicity of the anion, forming an intermediate ylide. The greater influence of van der Waals forces of the [P4 4 4 4][C7COO] system allows for re‐orientation of the ions through larger interdigitation. The protic behaviour of the neat ILs allows for CO2 to be chemically absorbed on the ylide intermediate, forming a phosphonium‐carboxylate zwitterion, signifying proton exchange occurs even in the absence of H2O. The absorption of CO2 in equimolar IL‐H2O mixtures forms a hydrogen carbonate, through a proposed reaction of the CO2 with an intermediate hydroxide, and carboxylic acid.
Selective Isolation Methods for Cellulose and Chitin Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Ting , Qi Houjuan , Liu Peiwen , Zhang Kai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis Minireview focuses on the selective isolation methods for the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). Various selective preparation strategies with specific preparation conditions and reaction mechanisms are summarized. In particular, these selective reaction routes include controlled acid hydrolysis and selective oxidations at specific positions of cellulose or chitin fibers as well as particular reaction sites of the repeating monosaccharide building blocks of their main chains. These lead to selective cleavage of the ordered and non‐ordered regions of cellulose and chitin and result in efficient production of CNCs and ChNCs.
Tailoring Activated Carbons for Efficient Downstream Processing: Selective Liquid‐Phase Adsorption of Lysine
Authors: Deischter Jeff , Wolter Nadja , Palkovits Regina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe essential amino acid lysine is of great importance in the nutrition and pharmaceutical industries and is mainly produced in biorefineries by the fermentation of glucose. In biorefineries, downstream processing is often the most energy‐consuming step. Adsorption on hydrophobic adsorbents represents an energy, resource, and cost‐saving alternative. The results reported herein provide insights into the selective separation of l‐lysine from aqueous solution by liquid‐phase adsorption using tailored activated carbons. A variety of commercial activated carbons with different textural properties and surface functionalities is investigated. Comprehensive adsorbent characterization establishes structure–adsorption relationships that define the major roles of the specific surface area and oxygen functionalities. A 13‐fold increase of the separation of lysine and glucose is achieved through systematic modification of a selected activated carbon by oxidation, and lysine adsorption is enhanced by 30 %.
The Importance of Engaging Children in Research Decision‐Making: A Preliminary Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Paquette Erin Talati , Palac Hannah , Bair Elizabeth , Schultz Blake , Stenquist Nicole , Joffe Steven , Shukla Avani 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTStudies demonstrate deficiencies in parents' and children's comprehension of research and lack of child engagement in research decision‐making. We conducted a cross‐sectional and interview‐based study of 31 parent‐child dyads to describe decision‐making preferences, experiences, and comprehension of parents and children participating in research. Parents and children reported that parents played a greater role in decisions about research participation than either parents or children preferred. The likelihood of child participation was associated with the extent of input the parent permitted the child to have in the decision‐making process, the child's comprehension, whether the study team asked the child about participation, whether the child read study‐related materials, the parent's marital status, and the child's race. Children had lower comprehension than adults. Comprehension was related to age, education, verbal intelligence, and reading of study‐related information. Parent understanding was associated with prospect for benefit and illness severity. Child participation may be improved by increasing parent‐child communication, emphasizing important relational roles between parent and child, respecting the developing autonomy of the child, increasing engagement with the study team, providing appropriate reading materials, and assessing comprehension.
Simple Electrochemical Characterization of ortho‐Carborane and some of its exo‐Skeletal Derivatives
Authors: Fojt Lukáš , Nekvinda Jan , El Anwar Suzan , Grüner Bohumír , Havran Luděk , Fojta Miroslav 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectrochemical behaviour of 12 icosahedral carboranes – ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐carborane with different exo‐skeletal substituents was investigated. The study was done using phosphate buffers, in some cases with 20 % and 30 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) addition to increase the solubility of studied compounds. Commercial glassy carbon electrode or home‐made screen printed electrodes were used. Distinct electrochemical responses were observed only for the ortho‐carborane and its exo‐skeletal derivatives. The study of different exo‐skeletal substituents on the electrochemical behaviour of the carboranes is crucial for the intended use of these compounds as electrochemical labels of biomolecules.
The role of self‐monitoring metacognition sub‐function and negative urgency related to binge severity
Authors: Aloi Matteo , Rania Marianna , Carbone Elvira A. , Calabrò Giuseppina , Caroleo Mariarita , Carcione Antonino , Nicolò Giuseppe , Semerari Antonio , Segura‐Garcia Cristina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to test a model where low self‐monitoring (a sub‐function of first‐person domain of metacognition) and high negative urgency lead to a worsening of binge severity through the mediation of emotional dysregulation in patients with binge eating disorder (BED).MethodForty non‐BED‐obese and 46 BED‐obese patients completed a battery of tests assessing metacognition and psychopathology. To test our hypothesized model, a structural equation model (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted.ResultsBED‐obese patients had significantly higher scores in BES, UPPS‐P Negative urgency, and DERS total score, and lower MSAS self‐monitoring than non‐BED‐obese, while no differences emerged in the MSAS others‐monitoring subscale. The structural model demonstrated very good fit indexes (χ2 = 1.377, df = 2; p = .502, CMIN/DF = 0.688, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000, TLI = 1.047) and all paths were significant in the predicted directions.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings show that, low self‐monitoring and high negative urgency lead BED‐obese patients to express the worsening of binge severity through the mediation of emotional dysregulation. This knowledge may be helpful in the clinical practice to develop a tailor‐made treatment. Accordingly, an approach through Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy could be attempted in BED‐obese patients with these characteristics.Highlights
Patients with BED exhibited low self‐monitoring and high negative urgency.
Binge severity was mediated by high level of emotional dysregulation.
Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy may be useful for BED patients.
Joint low‐complexity nonlinear equalization and carrier frequency offset compensation for multiple‐input multiple‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication systems
Authors: Ramadan K. , Dessouky Moawad I. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe conventional zero forcing (ZF) equalizer suffers from the noise enhancement problem and the increasing complexity with the increase of the number of subcarriers. On the other hand, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer mitigates the noise enhancement, but it needs estimation of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) to work properly. In addition, the Joint Low‐complexity Regularized ZF (JLRZF) equalization and carrier frequency offset compensation scheme mitigates the noise enhancement using a constant parameter called the regularization parameter without SNR estimation. In this paper, we present a JLRZF with successive iInterference cancelation (JLRZF‐SIC) scheme for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) discrete Fourier transform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT‐OFDM) system to cope with the above‐mentioned problems. The proposed JLRZF‐SIC scheme jointly performs the equalization and the carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation processes in two steps. The coupling nature of the MIMO channel is canceled in the first step. A regularization term is added in the second step to avoid the inter‐symbol‐interference (ISI). Simulation results show that the proposed JLRZF‐SIC scheme improves the system performance with low complexity, especially in the presence of estimation errors.
Effects of storage on brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) metabolites, analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Changyuan , Feng Yuchao , Zhang Shu , Fu Tianxin , Sheng Yanan , Zhang Yiwei , Jiang Yingjun , Yu Miao , Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Dongjie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetabolomic studies were carried out using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) on Daohuaxiang variety rice (Oryza sativa L.) from the Wuchang Geographical Indication Rice Protection Area in Heilongjiang Province, to investigate the effects of storage on brown rice metabolism. The data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), and cluster analysis using software such as SIMCA. Analysis of the samples led to the identification of a total of 160 metabolites. No significant differences were found in the amount of metabolites before and after storage. A total of 31 differential metabolites were screened, and the changes in metabolite content showed a “reverse change” overall. Storage significantly changed the content of various metabolites in rice, with fatty acids impacted most significantly. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis is a key metabolic pathway in rice storage. The degradation of brown rice quality caused by storage is closely related to the composition and content of its metabolites, and that change in lipid content significantly affects brown rice quality during storage.
Characterization of Astrocytic Response after Experiencing Cavitation In Vitro
Authors: Wrede Alex H. , McNamara Marilyn C. , Baldwin Rodger , Luo Jie , Montazami Reza , Kanthasamy Anumantha , Hashemi Nicole N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen a traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs, low‐pressure regions inside the skull can cause vapor contents in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to expand and collapse, a phenomenon known as cavitation. When these microbubbles (MBs) collapse, shock waves are radiated outward and are known to damage surrounding materials in other applications, like the steel foundation of boat propellers, so it is alarming to realize the damage that cavitation inflicts on vulnerable brain tissue. Using cell‐laden microfibers, the longitudinal morphological response that mouse astrocytes have to surrounding cavitation in vitro is visually analyzed. Astrocytic damage is evident immediately after cavitation when compared to a control sample, as their processes retract. Forty‐eight hours later, the astrocytes appeared to spread across the fibers, as normal. This study also analyzes the gene expression changes that occur post‐cavitation via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods. After cavitation a number of pro‐inflammatory genes are upregulated, including TNFα, IL‐1β, C1q, Serping1, NOS1, IL‐6, and JMJD3. Taken together, these results confirm that surrounding cavitation is detrimental to astrocytic function, and yield opportunities to further the understanding of how protective headgear can minimize or eliminate the occurrence of cavitation.
The development and validation of the adolescent level of contact with dementia scale
Authors: Parveen Sahdia , Griffiths Alys Wyn , Farina Nicolas 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesAs the number of people living with dementia increases, reducing stigma has become a policy priority. One way of decreasing stigma is through contact with the stigmatised group. However, the impact of this is difficult to establish due to a lack of validated measures suitable for adolescents. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a level of contact questionnaire designed to assess adolescents' contact with people living with dementia.MethodsParticipants were recruited from five schools in two studies (N = 446 and N = 488) and completed the preliminary 11‐item version of the adolescent level of contact of dementia (ALoCD).ResultsStudy 1 explored the factor structure of the ALoCD, revealing two factors ‘direct contact’ and ‘indirect contact’. Study 2 confirmed the structure of the ALoCD and tested for discriminant validity. These two studies resulted in a 9‐item scale that showed adequate internal consistency (α = .89, α = .62) and discriminant validity between those who did and did not live with a person with dementia.ConclusionThe development of this scale enables assessment of direct (eg, living with a person with dementia) and indirect (watching a TV show about dementia) contact with dementia, and the extent of this contact. This initial validation suggests a psychometrically sound scale but further research should be undertaken to fully explore the properties of the scale.
Recruitment and adherence of randomized controlled trials for mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Zijun , Sun Wen , Zhang Dexing , Wong Samuel Yeungshan 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe recruitment and adherence status of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for population with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are little known. We aimed to explore the RCT recruitment and adherence status and factors associated with these among MCI patients.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES from inception to 8th July 2019. Included studies were RCTs conducted among MCI patients with available data of invitation rate, eligibility rate, randomization rate, recruitment rate, adherence rate, satisfaction rate, or potential barrier for recruitment and compliance. Two authors screened the studies and extracted the data independently. We calculated pooled proportions of each rate and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random‐effects meta‐analysis. Meta‐regression and subgroup analysis was conducted.ResultsHundred and ten articles were judged to meet the study inclusion criteria from 10 387 articles. The invitation rates ranged from 9% to96% but were not pooled together due to high heterogeneity. The pooled overall eligibility, randomization, recruitment, intervention adherence, and follow‐up adherence rates were 55% (95% CI: 48%‐62%), 86% (95% CI: 81%‐91%), 44% (95% CI: 37%‐50%), 88% (95% CI: 86%‐90%), and 85% (95% CI: 83%‐87%), respectively. Non‐MCI (47.5%), disease or medical problems (13.8%), and loss of interest (8.5%) were the most frequent reasons for screen failure. Refusal without reason (36.6%), adverse events (30.9%), and health issues (7.7%) were the most frequent reasons for drop‐out.ConclusionsThis study provided important information for future RCTs targeting at MCI patients. Strategies designed to improve participant recruitment and RCT adherence should be developed among this population.
Mapping brain asymmetry in health and disease through the ENIGMA consortium
Authors: Kong Xiang‐Zhen , Postema Merel C. , Guadalupe Tulio , de Kovel Carolien , Boedhoe Premika S. W. , Hoogman Martine , Mathias Samuel R. , van Rooij Daan , Schijven Dick , Glahn David C. , Medland Sarah E. , Jahanshad Neda , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Turner Jessica A. , Buitelaar Jan , van Erp Theo G. M. , Franke Barbara , Fisher Simon E. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Schmaal Lianne , Thompson Paul M. , Francks Clyde 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLeft–right asymmetry of the human brain is one of its cardinal features, and also a complex, multivariate trait. Decades of research have suggested that brain asymmetry may be altered in psychiatric disorders. However, findings have been inconsistent and often based on small sample sizes. There are also open questions surrounding which structures are asymmetrical on average in the healthy population, and how variability in brain asymmetry relates to basic biological variables such as age and sex. Over the last 4 years, the ENIGMA‐Laterality Working Group has published six studies of gray matter morphological asymmetry based on total sample sizes from roughly 3,500 to 17,000 individuals, which were between one and two orders of magnitude larger than those published in previous decades. A population‐level mapping of average asymmetry was achieved, including an intriguing fronto‐occipital gradient of cortical thickness asymmetry in healthy brains. ENIGMA's multi‐dataset approach also supported an empirical illustration of reproducibility of hemispheric differences across datasets. Effect sizes were estimated for gray matter asymmetry based on large, international, samples in relation to age, sex, handedness, and brain volume, as well as for three psychiatric disorders: autism spectrum disorder was associated with subtly reduced asymmetry of cortical thickness at regions spread widely over the cortex; pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder was associated with altered subcortical asymmetry; major depressive disorder was not significantly associated with changes of asymmetry. Ongoing studies are examining brain asymmetry in other disorders. Moreover, a groundwork has been laid for possibly identifying shared genetic contributions to brain asymmetry and disorders.
Azido‐functionalized gelatin via direct conversion of lysine amino groups by diazo transfer as a building block for biofunctional hydrogels
Authors: Keller Silke , Bakker Tomke , Kimmel Benjamin , Rebers Lisa , Götz Tobias , Tovar Günter E. M. , Kluger Petra J. , Southan Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGelatin is one of the most prominent biopolymers in biomedical material research and development. It is frequently used in hybrid hydrogels, which combine the advantageous properties of bio‐based and synthetic polymers. To prevent the biological component from leaching out of the hydrogel, the biomolecules can be equipped with azides. Those groups can be used to immobilize gelatin covalently in hydrogels by the highly selective and specific azide–alkyne cycloaddition. In this contribution, we functionalized gelatin with azides at its lysine residues by diazo transfer, which offers the great advantage of only minimal side‐chain extension. Approximately 84–90% of the amino groups are modified as shown by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid assay as well as Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, rheology, and the determination of the isoelectric point. Furthermore, the azido‐functional gelatin is incorporated into hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG‐DA) at different concentrations (0.6, 3.0, and 5.5%). All hydrogels were classified as noncyctotoxic with significantly enhanced cell adhesion of human fibroblasts on their surfaces compared to pure PEG‐DA hydrogels. Thus, the new gelatin derivative is found to be a very promising building block for tailoring the bioactivity of materials.