bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Renal Infection in Adult, Part 2: Emphysematous Urinary Tract Infection—What the Radiologist Needs to Know
Authors: Hazarika Suman , Venkataramanan Rochita , Das Tonmoy , Venkataramanan Akash , Deuri Sukanya , Lohchab Shalini , Rongpipi Tamsir , Agarwala Ashish 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRenal emphysema, as described by Kelly and MacCallum in 1898, refers to the spontaneous generation of gas within the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues. Since its initial description, it has become apparent that the spectrum of radiologically visible renal and perirenal gas includes three distinct clinical entities: (1) emphysematous pyelonephritis, a necrotizing infection associated with gas formation in the renal parenchyma, (2) emphysematous pyelitis, in which gas is confined to the renal pelvis and calyces, and (3) gas-forming perinephric abscess. In this article, we will review gas-forming infections of the urinary system in terms of radiological features, clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, and appropriate management guidelines.
Elective Lung Resections in the Elderly: Where Do We Draw the Line?
Authors: Smelt Jeremy , Lovejoy Christopher A. , Thakker Rudrik , Hunt Ian , Martin Fionna , Tan Carol 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction The increasing longevity of the Western population means patients with a more advanced age are being diagnosed with resectable disease. With improvements in imaging and diagnostic capabilities, this trend is likely to develop further. As a unit operating on a higher proportion of older patients and with limited literature regarding the population of older than 85 years, we retrospectively compared the outcomes of patients older than 85 years in our unit treated with elective lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with those between the age of 80 and 84 years inclusive.
Methods All patients who underwent elective lung cancer resection between the years 2012 and 2015 were identified from the National Thoracic Surgical Database.
Results A total of 701 elective lung resections were performed during this time frame; 76 patients between the ages of 80 and 84 years and 18 patients older than 85 years. The follow-up period was 3 to 7 years. There was a significant increase in the Thoracic Surgery Scoring System (2.04; 2.96%, p = 0.0015) and a significant reduction in the transfer factor (94.7; 69.5%, p = 0.0001) between the younger and older groups. There were three (3.9%) in-hospital deaths in the 80 to 84 years age group and no in-hospital deaths in the 85 years and older age group.
Conclusion This study demonstrates that surgery for early NSCLC can be safely performed in 85 years and older population. This is a higher risk population and parenchymal-sparing procedures should be considered.
Preparation of macrocyclic musks via olefin metathesis: comparison with classical syntheses and recent advances
Authors: Sytniczuk Adrian , Milewski Mariusz , Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol 
Published: January 2020

Recent advances in the synthesis of macrocycles with musk scent via catalytic olefin metathesis are presented with a particular emphasis on advantages offered by the metathesis technology. The review includes short historical background about musks and olefin metathesis to introduce the subject. Substantial emphasis is given on ring-closing metathesis (RCM) as a tool for the synthesis of cyclic compounds such as civetone, muscone, exaltolide, ambrettolide/isoambrettolide, and yuzu lactone.
The bibliography includes 106 references.
Sudden Brans–Dicke singularities
Authors: Barrow John D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We show that cosmological sudden singularities that respect the energy conditions can occur at finite times in Brans–Dicke and more general scalar-tensor theories of gravity. We construct these explicitly in the Friedmann universes. Higher-order versions of these singularities are also possible, including those that arise with when scalar fields have a self-interaction potential of power-law form.
Soft x-ray tomography measurements in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
Authors: Brandt C , Schilling J , Thomsen H , Broszat T , Laube R , Schröder T , Andreeva T , Beurskens M N A , Bozhenkov S A , Brunner K J , Card A , Cordes C , Damm H , Fuchert G , Gallowski K , Gutzmann R , Knauer J , Laqua H P , Marquardt M , Nelde Ph , Neuner U , Pasch E , Rahbarnia K , Recknagel J , Schülke M , Scott E R , Sieber T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The soft x-ray tomography diagnostic in the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X consists of twenty pinhole cameras, up–down symmetrically arranged in a poloidal, triangular cross-section of the plasma vessel. The x-ray emissivity is measured with 16 bit amplitude resolution at 2 MHz sampling rate along 360 lines-of-sight by silicon photodiode arrays. In the recent operation campaign data acquisition (DAQ) has been working reliable for the conducted plasma pulse lengths <1 min, however the DAQ system are ready for the foreseen 30 min plasma pulse lengths of upcoming campaigns. The bandwidth of the preamplifiers is ≈200 kHz and the sensitive energy range is approximately 1–12 keV. The measurements indicate the up–down symmetric emissivity distribution in the triangular poloidal cross-section. First tomographic reconstructions of different magnetic field configurations are consistent with the theoretically calculated flux surface topology.
MoRe/YBCO Josephson junctions and π-loops
Authors: Faley M I , Reith P , Satrya C D , Stolyarov V S , Folkers B , Golubov A A , Hilgenkamp H , Dunin-Borkowski R E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have developed Josephson junctions between the d-wave superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−x
(YBCO) and the s-wave Mo0.6Re0.4 (MoRe) alloy superconductor (ds-JJs). Such ds Josephson junctions are of interest for superconducting electronics making use of incorporated π-phase shifts. The I(V)-characteristics of the ds-JJs demonstrate a twice larger critical current along the [100] axis of the YBCO film compared to similarly-oriented ds-JJs made with a Nb top electrode. The characteristic voltage I

c

R

n
of the YBCO–Au–MoRe ds-JJs is 750 μV at 4.2 K. The ds-JJs that are oriented along the [100] or [010] axes of the YBCO film exhibit a 200 times higher critical current than similar ds-JJs oriented along the [110] axis of the same YBCO film. A critical current density J

c
= 20 kA cm−2 at 4.2 K was achieved. Different layouts of π-loops based on the novel ds-JJs were arranged in various mutual coupling configurations. Spontaneous persistent currents in the π-loops were investigated using scanning SQUID microscopy. Magnetic states of the π-loops were manipulated by currents in integrated bias lines. Higher flux states up to ±2.5Φ0 were induced and stabilized in the π-loops. Crossover temperatures between thermally activated and quantum tunneling switching processes in the ds-JJs were estimated. The demonstrated ability to stabilise and manipulate states of π-loops paves the way towards new computing concepts such as quantum annealing computing.
The synthetic double wavelength technique: a simple robust method for thermodynamic temperature determination
Authors: Briaudeau Stéphan , Bourson Frédéric , Kozlova Olga , Sadli Mohamed , Razet Annick 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a new relative technique developed at LNE-Cnam, for the determination of the thermodynamic temperature of blackbodies without recourse to a radiometric reference. This technique is referred to as the ‘synthetic double wavelength technique’ (SDWT) as it is considered to be a particular case of the ‘double wavelength technique’ (DWT). It offers a new experimental technique for the determination of the thermodynamic temperature at high temperature and as such a new means for the mise-en-pratique of the new definition of the kelvin achievable by any national metrology institute provided a multi-wavelength radiation thermometer combining large and narrow bandwidths is available. In this work, a first experimental implementation of this technique based on a wavelength-tuneable spectroradiometer providing both narrowband and broadband signals with the particularity of the broadband signal being virtually synthesised from the spectral distribution of the narrowband signals sampled over a wide spectral range. SDWT determination of the thermodynamic temperature of a blackbody at 2760 K was performed with a level of uncertainty that confirms the promising capabilities of this technique.
Response of precipitation extremes to warming: what have we learned from theory and idealized cloud-resolving simulations, and what remains to be learned?
Authors: Muller Caroline , Takayabu Yukari 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper reviews recent important advances in our understanding of the response of precipitation extremes to warming from theory and from idealized cloud-resolving simulations. A theoretical scaling for precipitation extremes has been proposed and refined in the past decades, allowing to address separately the contributions from the thermodynamics, the dynamics and the microphysics. Theoretical constraints, as well as remaining uncertainties, associated with each of these three contributions to precipitation extremes, are discussed. Notably, although to leading order precipitation extremes seem to follow the thermodynamic theoretical expectation in idealized simulations, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the response of the dynamics and of the microphysics to warming, and considerable departure from this theoretical expectation is found in observations and in more realistic simulations. We also emphasize key outstanding questions, in particular the response of mesoscale convective organization to warming. Observations suggest that extreme rainfall often comes from an organized system in very moist environments. Improved understanding of the physical processes behind convective organization is needed in order to achieve accurate extreme rainfall prediction in our current, and in a warming climate.
History of Iceland formation as main Arctic crossroad
Authors: Gekht A B , Yu Eidemiller K , A Kudryavtseva R-E , Samylovskaya E A , Kulik S V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite its geographical remoteness from continental Europe, Iceland, a small island state in the Northern Atlantic, has been an important part of not only civilized Old World spaces, but also an appreciable element in the economic and political life of the Northern European region. Being the homeland of one of the oldest parliaments in the world, small Iceland has steadily taken high positions in various ratings of the states’ development and well-being, showing that even severe climatic conditions are not an obstacle to successful development.
Organizing an oil transportation system in the Arctic
Authors: Agarcov S , Kozmenko S , Teslya A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Development of the Arctic has become the subject of intense attention due to the region’s vast hydrocarbon resources. However, severe environmental conditions and large distances greatly increase the development costs. Because of this, it is crucial to organize rational logistics routes within the Arctic communications system. In recent years, Russia has been taking on a leading role in transportation of hydrocarbons, including oil; there is growing demand from the global community for steady supply of Russian crude oil and petroleum products. At the same time, difficult weather and ice conditions along with poor infrastructure make it a challenge to establish a system for offshore transportation of oil in the Arctic. The paper reviews the Russian experience of sea transportation of oil from the Pechora Sea and the Gulf of Ob, describing a scheme using modern shuttle tankers of reinforced ice class. Apparently, ice tankers of Arc6 and Arc7 classes can be used with virtually no assistance from icebreakers provided that ice conditions are relatively favorable. The unique experience of cooperation in transportation projects accumulated by Russian oil and gas operators, shipping and shipbuilding companies, and financial organizations should prove useful for further development of natural resources of the Arctic.
Ways of developing tourism logistics in the far north of Russia
Authors: Antipov S K , Anosova N E , Aladyshkin I V , Kolomeyzev I.V. , Ishankhodjaeva Z R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the current state of national and international tourism in the Karelian Republic. The authors outline the possible ways of further development of tourism in this region, as well as the ways of attracting both national and international tourists to the region, which is important for the national image. The analysis of the current situation shows that at present there is no adequate infrastructure in Karelia that could satisfy the tourists’ needs.
The paper discusses the infrastructure of this Arctic region and highlights the main indicators and factors characterizing the touristic field. The authors propose an algorithm and a model for tourism development in Karelia - the subarctic region of the Russian Federation.
Overview of the International Conference “Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering – MIST: Aerospace-II”
Authors: Kovalev Igor V , Voroshilova Anna A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The overview describes the main directions and results of the II International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering - MIST: Aerospace-2019 held in Krasnoyarsk in November 18-21, 2019. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings.
Heat calculation unit in the mathematical model of air separation plant evaporator-condenser
Authors: Chernenko V V , Chernenko D V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The thermal calculation, which is part of the mathematical model of a condenser-evaporator of cryogenic air separation plants, is considered. The calculation is based on solving the criteria equations of heat exchange for cases of condensation outside of the pipe and evaporation inside the pipe. The thermal calculation is preceded by a hydraulic calculation, the results of which are used as input quantities. The solution is carried out by a multistep (iterative) method. The heat flow density on the evaporation side is used as a criterion for convergence of iterations. The calculation scheme, divided into successive steps, is shown. The calculation results are used to determine the geometric configuration and the main characteristics of the condenser-evaporator.
Most important factors affecting radio frequency characteristics of microwave cable assemblies
Authors: Bolshakov D A , Trifanov I O , Burdukovskaya N N , Shugurova K V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The evolution of satellite communications systems results in more stringent on-board and ground equipment specifications for gain/temperature, performance variations, impedance matching quality. The use of cable assemblies capable to meet the increased requirements is essential for signal transmission between the units without any performance degradation. Taking into account the variety of microwave cables and connectors it is necessary to establish the selection criteria for parts and techniques of manufacturing microwave cable assemblies for satellite communications systems. This paper contains the analysis of the technological aspects of cable assemblies manufacturing which impact the radio frequency characteristics of end items.
Protection of high frequency generators with unstable load
Authors: Samoylov A G , Samoylov V S , Samoylov S A , Tahar Al 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Methods of adaptive matching of variable load impedance with RF energy sources are investigated. A gradient algorithm for controlling the adaptation process is proposed. Model and full-scale experiments were carried out, which confirmed the effectiveness of the protection of high-frequency generators from fluctuations in load impedance.
Design and monitoring of oil and gas industry facilities based on the use of ultra-light aviation and digital technologies
Authors: Topchiev A G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The current stage in the development of the information support of the oil and gas complex is is characterized by the transition from corporate information and reference geographic information systems (GIS) to the development and creation of automated information-analytical and information-management systems. Traditional GIS – technologies provide optimal organization and comfortable access to databases of geographically distributed information. The new generation of GIS is designed, in addition to providing information and reference functions, to solve a set of tasks for managing complex multi-level geotechnical systems (GTS) of oil and gas condensate fields for the purpose of rational nature management and sustainable development of natural and man-made GTS.
Economic efficiency of the application of additive technologies based on laser direct metal tooling in the production of aircraft parts
Authors: Levashkin D , Vasilyev F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the issues of the feasibility study on the integration of additive manufacturing technologies into classical technological chains. Using the aviation part as an example, we consider a model for the formation of technological costs for the classic and proposed versions of its manufacturing technology. A comparative parametric analysis of the cost of production of aircraft parts of this type was performed according to two options.
On the choice of in-process allowance for hardening
Authors: Bachurin A S , Kourlaev N V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The influence of allowance value on residual hardening stresses is researched. A new indicator is proposed to compare the effect of different values of the interoperative allowance for hardening on the workpiece leashes. The results of the change in the value of the allowance in the technological process of production of large-sized parts of modern civil interregional aircraft using the new indicator proposed by the authors are presented.
Information and space technologies in the development of hunting and domestic reindeer husbandry
Authors: Salman A L , Savchenko A P , Grebel G , Okhlopkov I M , Savchenko P A , Dubintsov S A , Soukhovolsky V G , Muravyov A N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Based on an analysis of the results of using specialized collars with beacons of the Argos satellite system (manufactured by ES-PAS LLC) for wild reindeer movements, the possibility of using new beacons for remote monitoring of domestic animals grazing is considered. It is planned not only to select the optimal functioning parameters of the device for animal husbandry (location accuracy, frequency of data transmission to satellites, duration of autonomous functioning, etc.), but also to add new features that allow the use of satellite collars not only as a means of tracking animals, but also for studying the features of their behavior. Comparison of animal behavior information with Earth remote sensing data can be used to optimize pasture management. When forming the database, the possibility of organizing a system for managing the load on pastures, including an assessment of the overall potential for the development of livestock in a given territory, is considered.
Probability prediction of the appearance of overload cycles of variable load case in parts of the aircraft chassis
Authors: Kravchenko G N , Popov Yu I , Kravchenko K G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Distribution function of the maximum values of voltage overload cycles in some aircraft parts is proposed. Based on the data from the flight experiment, more than 100 records of random load case processes were schematized and processed statistically. The proposed model of the distribution of maximum load cycles and processed experimental data has been verified.
Experimental research of dynamic characteristics of electro-backup hydraulic actuator at the load test-rig of flight control systems
Authors: Alekseenkov A S , Erofeev E V , Khaletskiy L V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The trend in aircraft systems development to overall electrification includes electrification of flight control actuation system. Generally, there’re two main technologies of «electrical» actuation, which use the power of on-board electrical system to move the aerodynamic surfaces. These technologies are electro-hydrostatic (EHA) and electromechanical (EMA) actuation systems. This paper describes the results of the dynamic testing of electro-backup hydraulic actuator (EBHA), which is one of the possible solutions for actuation systems of the next-generation flying vehicles.
Planar multigraphene/SiC blade-shaped field emission nanostructures
Authors: Jityaev I L , Svetlichnyi A M , Kolomiytsev A S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on study of blade-shaped field emission nanostructures based on multigraphene films on silicon carbide. We carry out numerical simulations of the distribution of the electric field in a nanoscale interelectrode gap of a planar field emission cell. The simulation parameters are based on the dimensions of the experimental sample of a planar emission cell with a blade-shaped emitter. Design of the field emission cell aimed at minimizing the local field amplification at the emitter corners have been proposed. The initial difference in the electric field strength at the corners of the emitter and in the center was 2.5 times. The proposed design allows to obtain the electric field strength at the corners corresponding to the values in the center of the emitter.
Assessment of ontological structures semantic similarity based on a modified cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Kravchenko Y , Bova V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Enhancing the effectiveness of knowledge (information) classification and integration based on an assessment of semantic similarity of ontological structures is an urgent scientific problem. Evaluation of equivalent semantic similarity requires considerable computational resources. Consequently, a similarity of predicates of all ontologies’ concepts shall be verified in the exhaustive search. Exact methods do not allow to find a solution in polynomial time, since this problem is trans-computational and requires the use of random search approaches with decentralized control. The paper proposed a modification of the algorithm, inspired by the behavior of cuckoos in the process of nesting parasitism. The cuckoo search optimization algorithm increases the stochasticity of obtained quasi-optimal solutions in comparison with other bioinspired algorithms and increase the search speed. A comparative analysis of the results quality showed that solutions, obtained by the cuckoos’ search, outperform the results of other bioinspired approaches.
Analysis of integral characteristics in the IoT system
Authors: Lvovich I Ya , Lvovich Ya I , Preobrazhenskiy A P , Preobrazhenskiy Yu P , Choporov O N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the features of solving problems related to the modelling of information in the Internet of things in the organizations of the agricultural sector. The quality conversion method in numerical estimates is proposed. As a result of ranking indicators according to the degree of decrease or increase in their significance, each linguistic value can be assigned a certain rank. The integrated characteristics based on normalized indicators and scores in the organisations are shown. The features of using a combination of several methods for processing and modeling of reduced monitoring information in the Internet of things system are given.