bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms underlying CD19-positive ALL relapse after anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy and associated strategies
Authors: Nie Yuru , Lu Weiqing , Chen Daiyu , Tu Huilin , Guo Zhenling , Zhou Xuan , Li Meifang , Tu Sanfang , Li Yuhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, especially anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy, has shown remarkable anticancer activity in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia, demonstrating an inspiring complete remission rate. However, with extension of the follow-up period, the limitations of this therapy have gradually emerged. Patients are at a high risk of early relapse after achieving complete remission. Although there are many studies with a primary focus on the mechanisms underlying CD19- relapse related to immune escape, early CD19+ relapse owing to poor in vivo persistence and impaired efficacy accounts for a larger proportion of the high relapse rate. However, the mechanisms underlying CD19+ relapse are still poorly understood. Herein, we discuss factors that could become obstacles to improved persistence and efficacy of CAR T cells during production, preinfusion processing, and in vivo interactions in detail. Furthermore, we propose potential strategies to overcome these barriers to achieve a reduced CD19+ relapse rate and produce prolonged survival in patients after CAR T cell therapy.
The long-term monitoring and evaluation of cement-based grout used to govern the water seepage of karst caves in China
Authors: Fang Shiqiang , Zhang Bingjian , Zhang Kun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Water seepage is the primary cause of stone carvings corrosion in karst caverns, which is typically treated with cement-based grout intervention. In this paper, long-term monitoring (more than 1 1/2 years) was carried out in Qinglin cave and Yanxia cave in Hangzhou, China, to quantitatively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of ordinary Portland cement- and superfine cement-based grout intervention. Results showed that both materials were efficient in preventing water seepage, reducing it by half after the grout interventions. Grout intervention had obvious efficacy in blocking off the strong water seepage points, at the same time decreasing seepage differences among seepage points. Ion Chromatography results suggested that the concentrations of Ca2+, Cl− and SO4
2− in the seeped water in both caves increased after intervention, and the concentration of SO4
2− in the seeped water after superfine cement application in Qinglin cave was much more than that in the seeped water in Yanxia cave, where ordinary Portland cement was applied. Therefore, using superfine cement may bring more potential risks than ordinary Portland cement. However, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and conductivity analysis results presented that these ions seemly did not deposit on rock surfaces of the caves during the monitoring period.
The influence of thermal treatment on rock–bit interaction: a study of a combined thermo–mechanical drilling (CTMD) concept
Authors: Rossi Edoardo , Saar Martin O. , Rudolf von Rohr Philipp 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo improve the economics and viability of accessing deep georesources, we propose a combined thermo–mechanical drilling (CTMD) method, employing a heat source to facilitate the mechanical removal of rock, with the aim of increasing drilling performance and thereby reducing the overall costs, especially for deep wells in hard rocks. In this work, we employ a novel experiment setup to investigate the main parameters of interest during the interaction of a cutter with the rock material, and we test untreated and thermally treated sandstone and granite, to understand the underlying rock removal mechanism and the resulting drilling performance improvements achievable with the new approach. We find that the rock removal process can be divided into three main regimes: first, a wear-dominated regime, followed by a compression-based progression of the tool at large penetrations, and a final tool fall-back regime for increasing scratch distances. We calculate the compressive rock strengths from our tests to validate the above regime hypothesis, and they are in good agreement with literature data, explaining the strength reduction after treatment of the material by extensive induced thermal cracking of the rock. We evaluate the new method’s drilling performance and confirm that thermal cracks in the rock can considerably enhance subsequent mechanical rock removal rates and related drilling performance by one order of magnitude in granite, while mainly reducing the wear rates of the cutting tools in sandstone.
C-reactive protein gene rs1205 polymorphism is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation in postmenopausal women
Authors: de Santis Iriane Prado , Lindenau Juliana Dal-Ri , Ramos Ramon Bossardi , Silva Thais Rasia , Casanova Gislaine , Oppermann Karen , Spritzer Poli Mara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in postmenopausal women, and inflammation is a key mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been used as a biomarker of inflammation. Considering that CRP gene rs1205 polymorphism has been associated with hs-CRP circulating levels, we evaluated whether rs1205 genotypes influence the presence of low-grade chronic inflammation, acting as a marker of cardiovascular risk.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study with biobanked blood samples from 327 postmenopausal women with no evidence of clinical disease. Genotyping for rs1205 C > T SNP of the CRP gene was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction with allelic discrimination assays.

Results
Mean age was 55.6 ± 5.6 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 ± 4.7. Participants were divided according to hs-CRP levels: ≥3 mg/l (low-grade chronic inflammation) or < 3 mg/l. The frequency of allele C at rs1205 was 74.2% in the hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/l group vs. 59% in the hs-CRP < 3 mg/l. In a multivariable model, higher prevalence of hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/l was associated with CC genotype (PR 1.53; 95%CI 1.07–2.18; p = 0.018) and waist circumference ≥ 88 cm (PR 2.45; 95%CI 1.66–3.60; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
CRP rs1205 CC homozygotes may be at higher risk of a low-grade chronic inflammatory status compared to individuals carrying the T allele.
Antidiabetic activity of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser flower extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Munira Shirajum , Nesa Luthfun , Islam Md. Siddiqul , Begum Yesmin , Rashid Mohammad A. , Sarker Moklesur Rahman , Ahmed Tufael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundVarious parts i.e., stem bark, leaf, root and flower ofNeolamarckia cadamba(Roxb.) Bosser has been extensively used by traditional practitioners to treat all types of diabetes. Our present study investigated the antidiabetic property of the extract from its flower and evaluated its traditional use for diabetes.ResultsPhenolic contents were found to be higher in the methanol soluble fraction (MESF) (228.16 ± 0.32 GAE/g of sample) while flavonoids were greater in quantity in the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) (291 ± 5.99 QE/g of sample). The MESF showed the highest free radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibitory potential with IC50value of 30.52 ± 2.40 and 6.26 ± 0.82 μg/mL respectively and both the values were promising when compared to the individual standards. Highest reduction of blood glucose level were observed when theN. cadambaflower extract (NCFE) were given (not in combination with metformin) orally for 2 weeks. NMCE at 500 mg/kg resulted 60.2% (p < 0.05) reduction of blood glucose in the diabetic group, comparable with the effect of standard metformin (68.4%). Gain in body weight were also observed in the test groups indicating an overall improvement of health in the diabetic rats.ConclusionsThe extract ofNeolamarckia cadamba(Roxb.) flower is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds attributing to its potent in vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory potential. Oral administration of NCFE also resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) dose dependent reduction of blood glucose level in diabetic rats, while no synergistic activity was observed when it was given in combination with metformin. These findings imply the possible pharmacological mechanisms behind the antidiabetic property of NCFE could be: inhibition of α-amylase and delaying the absorption of glucose from the intestine, secondly possessing ‘metformin like’ activity such as increasing cellular uptake and glycolysis of glucose, reducing gluconeogenesis in the liver etc. This study also for the first time provides scientific evidence in favor of the traditional useN. cadambaflower against diabetes and demands future study in order to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds responsible for such bioactivities.
Opening the door: inviting youth and parent perspectives on youth mental health emergency department use
Authors: Campbell Leslie Anne , Lovas David , Withers Ellen , Peacock Kylie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Canadian Emergency Departments (EDs) have seen increasing use by children and youth for mental health concerns in recent years. This trend is likely a result of several complex factors, and researcher-posed potential explanations include gaps or access problems in primary care or mental health services, increasing prevalence or awareness of mental disorders and fear of potentially harmful outcomes, or expectations of need for urgent specialist care. Youth, parent, or caregiver perceptions and reasons for increasing mental health ED use may differ, and to date have been underrepresented in informing research directions. We sought to engage with youth and parents or caregivers served by a Canadian tertiary paediatric health centre to: 1) inform research directions for an emerging program of research in child and youth ED use for mental health care; and 2) develop strategies to support ongoing patient engagement in our research.

Methods
Youth and parents were consulted to inform the development of a research engagement strategy. Partnerships with local community agencies facilitated supported engagement with both youth and parents. Group and individual in-person engagement opportunities were offered, as well as opportunities for written submissions and information sharing.

Results
Youth and parents identified specific mechanisms to support engagement and for sharing ongoing opportunities and progress, including providing multiple platforms for engagement, offering separate opportunities for youth and parents or caregivers, and minimizing the potential for distress by ensuring appropriate supports and providing alternative opportunities for feedback, including written submissions. They identified lack of timely access to mental health care in primary care and community mental health settings, and accessibility, dependability, and familiarity of the ED as areas for further research.

Conclusions
Strategies to mitigate potential concerns regarding distress, readiness for participation, literacy, and protection of privacy were highlighted as important considerations. Youth and parents were interested in ongoing research engagement through consultation and information sharing. Youth and parents identified areas of interest for research and refined the research team’s proposed research directions by adding contextualizing information.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi and Azadirachta indica extract against the cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled conditions
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Asif , Atta Bilal , Gogi Muhammad Dildar , Arif Muhammad Jalal , Arain Qurban Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCompatibility of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) viz. Verticillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana with Azadirachta indica extract (alone and in combinations) was evaluated against 2nd instar larvae of the cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled conditions. Results indicated that maximum mortality rate of P. gossypiella larvae was recorded at combination of the highest conidial concentrations of V. lecanii + M. anisopliae + B. bassiana along with A. indica extract, while minimum mortality rate was recorded at A. indica extract alone, 12 days post exposure interval. Maximum mycosis and sporulation from dead cadavers of P. gossypiella larvae were recorded at the highest concentration of B. bassiana, while the lowest mycosis and sporulation were recorded at the highest conidial concentrations of V. lecanii + M. anisopliae + B. bassiana along with A. indica extract. Maximum percent of pupation and adult emergence in P. gossypiella larvae was observed in the treatment, where A. indica extract was applied alone, while the minimum percent of pupation and adult emergence was observed at the treatment combination of the highest concentration of B. bassiana + V. lecanii + M. anisopliae along with A. indica extract was applied. EPFs proved their enhanced long-term protection potential for cotton crop against P. gossypiella. A. indica extract integrated with the EPFs can be a potential alternative to the chemicals and as an effective component of IPM program against P. gossypiella.
It is time to think inside the (collimation) box; a quality improvement project to reduce over-scanning in CT scanning of the kidneys, ureters and bladder
Authors: Netke Tejas , Spurr Matthew , Vosough Alireza 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) recommend CT of the kidneys, ureters and bladder (CTKUB) as the first-line investigation for renal colic, stating that excess scan length above the upper pole of the highest kidney should not exceed 10% of the total scan length. The project aim was to determine what proportion of CTKUB scans performed at a district general hospital (DGH) were meeting this standard and explore improvement options as necessary.

Methods:
A retrospective study was performed on 100 consecutive patients who attended a Radiology Department with renal colic. The number of CTKUB slices above the upper pole of the highest kidney, relative to scan length, was recorded. The DGH radiographers believed over scanning could be reduced by viewing image acquisition in real-time and manually stopping the scan at the top of the highest kidney. This was implemented and a re-audit of 50 patients was performed.

Results:
Scan length exceeded the standard on 81% of scans (81/100). Over scanning was reduced to 14% (7/50) post-intervention.

Conclusion:
This DGH was over scanning a large proportion of patients. Manually stopping the CTKUB significantly reduced over scanning.

Advances in knowledge:
A small change to CTKUB scanning technique can significantly improve adherence to RCR guidelines.
Patient treatment pathways of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in coastal South India: Road to a drug resistant tuberculosis center
Authors: Rathi Priya , Shringarpure Kalpita , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Pandey Abhinav , Nair Abhirami 
Published: May 2020

Background: Delays in initiating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment adds risk to individual patients and the community due to disease progression, and on-going transmission. The Government of India offers free TB diagnosis and treatment, however many presumptive MDR TB patients wander within the Indian healthcare system and delay accessing the programme. To improve access to care, it is imperative to understand the treatment pathways taken by MDR TB patients. We aimed to describe the diagnostic and treatment pathway taken by presumptive MDR TB patients registered under Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant TB Program. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study amongst patients registered during August 2016 – April 2017 at one District Drug Resistance Tuberculosis centre of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, India. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the number, type (private and public sector), and dates of healthcare facilities (HCFs) visits prior to the initiation of MDR TB treatment. Delays in pathway were measured in days and summarised as median and interquartile range (IQR), from the date of onset of illness until the initiation of MDR TB treatment. Results: We found that patients preferred private HCFs; however, due to lack of treatment and unaffordability they shifted to public HCFs. Median delay to register under the program was more in private HCFs (180 days) in comparison with public HCFs (120 days). We also found that the detection rates were much higher in public HCFs (80%). Conclusion: The present study found that there was substantial patient delay and total delay in diagnosis and treatment of MDR TB patients. Private HCF was first point of contact for most of the patients; however the diagnostic rate was high in public HCF. The government should involve private HCFs to provide standard diagnostics and treatment to the patients seeking a private facility.
<p><strong><em>Suffrianaltica</em></strong><strong>, a new genus of flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) from the West Indies</strong></p>
Authors: KONSTANTINOV ALEXANDER S. , LINZMEIER ADELITA MARIA 
Published: May 2020

New genus Suffrianaltica gen. nov. is described to accommodate Chaetocnema tuberculata (Suffrian, 1868). It is illustrated and compared to Apraea Baly, 1877, Glyptina LeConte, 1859, and Guadeloupena Bechyne, 1956 and their distinguishing characters are illustrated. The lectotype of Chaetocnema tuberculata (Suffrian, 1868) is designated. Key words: Neotropical region, Cuba, new genus, lectotype designation, Suffrian
<p><strong>A new species <em>Asproparthenis</em> <em>omeri</em> sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae) from the Aras valley in Northeastern Turkey</strong></p>
Authors: KOROTYAEV BORIS A. , GÜLTEKİN NESLİHAN , GÜLTEKİN LEVENT 
Published: May 2020

A new species Asproparthenis omeri sp. nov. closely related to A. vexata (Gyllenhal, 1834) is described in the tribe Cleonini (Curculionidae) from the Aras River valley in Northeastern Turkey. The new species is the first representative of the genus Asproparthenis Gozis, 1886 with vestigial hind wings. Digital photographs of diagnostic morphological features of the new species and A. vexata are provided. Adults of the new species feed on leaves of a halophilic chenopod Bassia hirsuta (L.) Ascherson that dominates vegetation in the saline and desertified habitat in the type locality. Key words: Asproparthenis, new species, taxonomy, bionomics, halophyte, Bassia hirsuta, Turkey
Fiber directional position sensor based on multimode interference imaging and machine learning
Authors: Sun Kai , Ding Zhenming , Zhang Ziyang 
Published: May 2020

A fiber directional position sensor based on multimode interference and image processing by machine learning is presented. Upon single-mode injection, light in multimode fiber generates a multi-ring-shaped interference pattern at the end facet, which is susceptible to the amplitude and direction of the fiber distortions. The fiber is mounted on an automatic translation stage, with repeating movement in four directions. The images are captured from an infrared camera and fed to a machine-learning program to train, validate, and test the fiber conditions. As a result, accuracy over 97% is achieved in recognizing fiber positions in these four directions, each with 10 classes, totaling an 8 mm span. The number of images taken for each class is merely 320. Detailed investigation reveals that the system can achieve over 60% accuracy in recognizing positions on a 5 µm resolution with a larger dataset, approaching the limit of the chosen translation stage.
Metabolic syndrome is associated with reduced flow mediated dilation independent of obesity status
Authors: Sprung Victoria S , Bowden Davies Kelly A , Norman Juliette A , Thompson Andrew , Mitchell Katie L , Wilding John P H , Kemp Graham J , Cuthbertson Daniel J 
Published: May 2020

Background
Data suggest that metabolic health status, incorporating components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk better than BMI. This study explored the association of MetS and obesity with endothelial function, a prognostic risk factor for incident CVD.

Methods
Forty-four participants were phenotyped according to BMI as non-obese vs obese (<30 or >30 kg/m2) and according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria of MetS: ≤2 criteria MetS (MetS−) vs ≥3 criteria MetS (MetS+); (1.)non-obese MetS− vs (2.) non-obese MetS+ and (3.) obese MetS− vs (4.) obese MetS+. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), body composition including liver fat (MRI and spectroscopy), dietary intake, intensities of habitual physical activity and cardio-respiratory fitness were determined. Variables were analysed using a one-factor between-groups ANOVA and linear regression; mean (95% CI) are presented.

Results
Individuals with MetS+ displayed lower FMD than those with MetS−. For non-obese individuals mean difference between MetS+ and MetS− was 4.1% ((1.0, 7.3); P = 0.004) and obese individuals had a mean difference between MetS+ and MetS− of 6.2% ((3.1, 9.2); P < 0.001). Although there was no association between BMI and FMD (P = 0.27), an increased number of MetS components was associated with a lower FMD (P = 0.005), and after adjustment for age and sex, 19.7% of the variance of FMD was explained by MetS, whereas only 1.1% was explained by BMI.

Conclusions
In this study cohort, components of MetS, rather than obesity per se, contribute to reduced FMD, which suggests a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide and thus increased risk of CVD.
PYMES, RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL Y DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Campos-Campos Diego , Bermúdez-Carrillo Luis Alberto 
Published: May 2020

En el presente artículo se identifican y analizan las acciones o actividades concretas que realizan las pymes en materia de responsabilidad social y empresarial que puedan facilitar el desarrollo sostenible, de tal forma que, conociéndolas, se puedan implementar programas de capacitación y orientación en favor de ellas en esta temática. Para obtener la información requerida se les aplicó una encuesta a 72 pymes de la zona de Guanacaste, específicamente a las de los cantones de Santa Cruz, Carrillo y Liberia. La encuesta permitió lograr el objetivo de determinar dichas acciones en tres niveles: ambiental, social y económico. Como resultado de la investigación se puede afirmar que las pymes estudiadas desarrollan muy poca labor que favorezca el desarrollo sostenible, lo que a la vez muestra que en ellas existe la necesidad de programas de capacitación y apoyo en los campos mencionados, la responsabilidad socio-empresarial, mediante los cuales se pueda inculcar la relevancia de prácticas efectivas para favorecer el desarrollo sostenible. Aunado a lo anterior, los resultados en efecto ponen en evidencia la necesidad de plantear una orientación integral que les asegure la enseñanza y la aplicación de más conocimientos en el tema.