bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realgar Nanoparticles Inhibit Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer by Suppressing Matrix Metalloproteinases and Angiogenesis
Authors: Xiaoxia Xi , Jing Sun , Dongbin Xi , Yonggang Tian , Jingke Zhang , yanying Zhang , Hulai Wei 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Realgar, a traditional Chinese medicine, has shown antitumor efficacy in several
tumor types. We previously showed that realgar nanoparticles (nano-realgar) had significant antileukemia,
anti-lung cancer and anti-liver cancer effects. In addition, the anti-tumor effects of nanorealgar
were significantly better than those of ordinary realgar.

Objective:
To explore the inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of nano-realgar on the migration,
invasion and metastasis of mouse breast cancer cells.

Methods:
Wound-healing migration assays and Transwell invasion assays were carried out to determine
the effects of nano-realgar on breast cancer cell (4T1) migration and invasion. The expression
levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 were measured by Western blot. A murine breast
cancer metastasis model was established, administered nano-realgar for 32 days and monitored for
tumor growth and metastasis by an in vivo optical imaging system. Finally, living imaging and hematoxylin
and eosin (HE) staining were used to measure the morphology and pathology of lung and liver
cancer cell metastases, respectively. Angiogenesis was assessed by CD34 immunohistochemistry.

Results:
Nano-realgar significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer 4T1 cells and
the expression of MMP-2 and -9. Meanwhile, nano-realgar effectively suppressed the abilities of tumor
growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in the murine breast cancer metastasis model in a time- and dosedependent
manner.

Conclusion:
Nano-realgar significantly inhibited migration and invasion of mouse breast cancer cells
in vitro as well as pulmonary and hepatic metastasis in vivo, which may be closely correlated with the
downexpression of MMP-2 and -9 and suppression of tumor neovascularization.
The Introduction of Hydrazone, Hydrazide, or Azepane Moieties to the Triterpenoid Core Enhances an Activity Against M. tuberculosis
Authors: Kazakova Oxana B. , Medvedeva Natalya I. , Smirnova Irina E. , Lopatina Tatyana V. , Veselovsky Alexander V. 
Published: January 2020

Background:Triterpenoids exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity.Objective:The objective of this study was to synthesize a series of nitrogen derivatives based on lupane, oleanane, and ursane triterpenoids with high antitubercular activity.Methods:Isonicotinoylhydrazones were prepared via the reaction of 3-oxotriterpenic acids or betulonic aldehyde with isoniazid (INH) in yields of 54-72%. N-Acylation of betulonic or azepanobetulinic acids led to lupane C28 hydrazides and dihydrazides. The derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37RV and single-drug resistance (SDR)-TB in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, USA. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the possible binding modes of investigated compounds in the active site of Diterpene synthase (Rv3378c).Results:The obtained compounds are represented by C3 or C28 conjugates with hydrazine hydrate or INH. Some compounds demonstrated from high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ≤ 10 μg/mL) to excellent (MICs from 0.19 to 1.25 μg/mL) activity against MTB H37RV. Two lupane conjugates with INH were the leading compounds against MTB H37RV and some SDR-strains with MICs ranged from 0.19 to 1.70 μg/mL. Molecular docking of active compounds to diterpene synthase showed that these moieties accommodate the active site of the enzyme.Conclusions:It was revealed that the conjugation of lupanes with INH at C3 is more effective than at C28 and the lupane skeleton is preferable among oleanane and ursane types. The replacement of native hexacarbocyclic A ring to seven-member azepane ring is favorably for inhibition of both MTB H37RV and SDR-strains. These data could possibly mean that the antitubercular activity against INH-resistant strains (INH-R) came from both triterpenoid and isoniazid parts of the hybrid molecules. Azepanobetulin showed the highest activity against both INH-R strains in comparison with other triterpenoids and INH. Thus, the introduction of hydrazone, hydrazide (dihydrazide), or azepane moieties into the triterpenoid core is a promising way for the development of new anti-tubercular agents.
Molecular Dynamics Assisted Mechanistic Insight of Val430-Ala Mutation of Rv1592c Protein in Isoniazid Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Arbind , Anand Pradeep K. , Chandel Saahil , Shrivatava Anju , Kaur Jagdeep 
Published: January 2020

Background::
Multi drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major health threat to humans.
Whole genome sequencing of several isoniazid (INH) resistant strains of M. tuberculosis revealed
mutations in several genes. Rv1592c was demonstrated as lipolytic enzyme and its expression was
up-regulated during isoniazid (INH) treatment. The valine at position 430 of Rv1592c was mutated
to alanine frequently in the INH resistant strain of M. tuberculosis.

Methods:
In this report, an array of computational approaches was used to understand the role of
Val430-Ala mutation in Rv1592c in INH resistance. The impact of mutations on structural stability
and degree of INH modification was demonstrated using the molecular dynamics method. The
mutation in the Rv1592c gene at V430 position was created by the PCR primer walking method.
Mutant and wild type gene was cloned into E. coli-mycobacteria shuttle vector (pVV-16) and expressed
in Mycobacterium smegmatis system. The isoniazid susceptibility assay was performed by
agar plate culture spot and CFUs count assay.

Results:
This study demonstrated that the Val430 in Rv1592c makes the part of flap covering the
substrate binding cavity. Mutation at Val430-Ala in Rv1592c caused the displacement of the flap
region, resulting in uncovering a cavity, which allows accessibility of substrate to the active site
cleft. The Val430-Ala mutation in Rv1592c created its structure energetically more stable. RMSD,
RMSF and Rg simulation of mutant maintained overall stability throughout the simulation period
while the native protein displayed comparatively more fluctuations. Moreover, docking studies
showed that INH was bound into the active pocket of the mutant with considerable binding energy
(−6.3 kcal/mol). In order to observe constant binding for INH, complexes were simulated for 50
ns. It was observed that after simulation, INH remained bound in the pocket with an increased molecular
bonding network with the neighbor amino acid residues. In vitro studies clearly suggested
that M. smegmatis expressing mutant has a better survival rate in isoniazid treatment as compared
to wild type.

Conclusion:
Overall, this study at the outset suggested that the mutation observed in drug resistant
strain provides stability to the Rv1592c protein and increased affinity towards the INH due to flap displacement,
leading to the possibility for its modification. In vitro results supported our in silico findings.
Effects of the Ferrule Design on Fracture Resistance to Endodontically-Treated Teeth Restored with Fiber Posts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khabadze Zurab , Mordanov Oleg , Taraki Ferdaus , Magomedov Omargadzhi , Kuznetsova Anastasiya , Solimanov Shamil , Nazhmudinov Shamil , Bokova Roza , Adzhieva Anzhela , Bakaev Yunus 
Published: January 2020

The ferrule is considered to be a key element in teeth preparation when restoring using a fiber post. It helps to resist occlusal forces, maintain cement tightness and minimize stress concentration on restoration using posts.

Aim:
The aim of this review is to determine the influence of the ferrule design in endodontically-treated teeth using fiber posts on their fracture resistance.

Materials and Methods:
The electronic databases examined were Medline, Scopus, and PubMed from April 2019 to October 2019. The studies were selected using well-established inclusion criteria.

Results:
In total, 79 articles were identified, 16 of which were selected after considering the titles and abstracts. After reading the full-text articles, the total number of articles included in this review was 7 with a low risk of bias.

Conclusion:
A full ferrule with a maximum height is the best design for resistance to fractures in all groups of teeth, but if it is impossible to provide this condition, the ferrule height from the palatal/lingual wall of the tooth should be increased.
The PROSPERO ID: 153543.
Evaluation of Accuracy and Completeness of Electronic Dental Records in a Dental School Setting
Authors: Meisha Dalia E. 
Published: January 2020

Background:High-quality data in Electronic Dental Records (EDR) is essential for dental schools to provide high-quality patient care, improve dental students’ professionalism, and support a platform for research. Therefore, ensuring data quality in EDRs is extremely important.Objective:To perform a quality appraisal of EDRs by evaluating their accuracy and completeness.Methods:This was a Cross-sectional Observational Study conducted over four consecutive years in a dental school setting. Manual chart reviews were performed on an annual basis. EDR data were audited for accuracy and completeness. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing the entered data with an external source, where possible. An EDR data field was considered complete if it was not missing.Results:A total of 1,720 de-identified chart reviews were studied. The accuracy of the data to identify the patient was 93%. The completeness of the essential components of EDRs was 48-94%. Completeness was highest for documenting the patient’s chief complaint (94%) and the lowest for recall plan (48%). Completeness of data documenting social and behavioral determinants of health in EDRs was 36-77%, with the highest proportion of completeness in this domain being for oral hygiene habits, smoking habits, and social history.Conclusion:The quality appraisal of EDRs varied according to the data field. Understanding patterns of accuracy and completeness in EDRs will guide training and quality enforcement activities.
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Anti-biofilm Properties of Peganum Harmala and Crocus Sativus in Shigella Flexneri Clinical Isolates
Authors: Jalili Mahsa , Amraei Mansour , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Ghafourian Sobhan 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Biofilm formation causes many serious problems in the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, chronic infections due to biofilm formation can pose a huge burden to the health care systems. Also, many bacteria are biofilm producers as an important strategy for pathogenicity. Furthermore, the traditional use of herbal medicines such as Peganum harmala and Crocus sativus in Iran is interesting.

Objective:
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the biofilm formation in Shigella flexneri clinical isolates and to evaluate the anti-biofilm properties of P. harmala and C. sativus on Shigella flexneri clinical isolates.

Methods:
For the study purpose, Thirty S.flexneri clinical isolates were collected from Ahvaz, Iran. Then, the collected bacteria were subjected to biofilm formation assay. Afterward, P. harmala and C. sativus were applied as an anti-biofilm formation in S. flexneri.

Results & Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that a significant number of samples were identified as strong biofilm producers. Then, P. harmala and C . sativus in a concentration of 30μg/ml and 60μg/ml were able to eradicate a strong biofilm formation in S. flexneri, respectively. In addition, it seems that more extensive studies and in vivo research should be done to confirm their properties.
Incidence and Bacterial Etiologies of Surgical Site Infections in a Public Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kalayu Alem A. , Diriba Ketema , Girma Chuchu , Abdella Eman 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the frequently reported healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. Successful treatment of SSIs is affected by the continuous evolvement of drug-resistant microbes. This study investigated the incidence of SSIs, identifying the major etiologic agents and their drug resistance patterns in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Ethiopia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 649 patients who underwent surgery at Yekatit 12 hospital from April 2016 to April 2017. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from each patient on admission. After surgery, they were followed for SSI occurrence. SSI was initially diagnosed by a senior surgeon based on standard clinical criteria and then confirmed by culture. Isolates were tested for drug resistance according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute guideline.

Results:
Of the 649 study participants, 56% were females. Their age ranged from 9 months to 88 years with a median age of 37 years. The incidence of culture-confirmed SSI was 10.2% (66/649) where 73 isolates were recovered. About two-third of the isolates were Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated (27/73, 37%) followed by Coagulase-negative staphylococci (18/73, 24.7%), Escherichia coli (11/73, 15.1%) and Klebsiella species (10/73, 13.7%). About 89% and 44% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. MRSA constituted 11% of the S. aureus isolates. All the Gram-negative isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. Klebsiella species showed 70-100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, augmentin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cefepime and gentamicin. About 82% of E. coli isolates were resistant for chloramphenicol, cefepime, ceftazidime, augmentin, cefuroxime and 64% for gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion:
The incidence of surgical site infection in Yekatit 12 hospital is 10.2%. Most of the SSIs were due to Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to the most commonly prescribed drugs. No resistance was found for meropenem indicating the absence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. SSI treatments should be guided by culture and drug resistance test. Better infection prevention practices and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the hospital are recommended for better patient care.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Frequency of PER-1, SHV-1 and AMPC Type B-Lactamase Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples
Authors: Amoudizaj Fatemeh F. , Aghayi Elnaz , Matin Milad G. , Soltani Nayemeh , Mala Pejman 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The existence of Extended Spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) genes plays an important role in spreading B-lactam antibiotic resistance in the producing strains of these enzymes. The resistance of gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to different antimicrobial agents, especially B-lactams, has increasingly been reported.

Objective:
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of TEM-1and VEB-1 beta-lactamases gene in P. aeruginosa isolates through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method.

Methods:
100 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different clinical samples. The antibiotic susceptibility was examined by the disc diffusion method. The presence of PER-1, SHV-1 and AMPC genes was detected by PCR method.

Results:
Out of the studied P. aeruginosa isolates, 7, 9 and 37 isolates were positive for PER-1, SHV-1 and AMPC B-lactamases resistance genes, respectively. Patients with urinary infection had the most resistant isolates. All isolates (100%) were sensitive to polymyxin B.

Conclusion:
Antibiotic resistance in isolates of Pseudomonas can be caused by B-lactamases resistance genes. Noticing the increasing rate of the ESBLs producing strains, using the appropriate treatment protocol based on the antibiogram pattern of the strains is highly recommended.
Molecular Study of Norovirus in Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis
Authors: El Sayed Zaki Maysaa , Eid Abdel-Rahaman , El Ashry Amany Y. , M. Al-Kasaby Nashwa 
Published: January 2020

Aim:The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence of norovirus and genotypes determination by real-time PCR among children below 18 years as an etiology of acute gastroenteritis and to compare rapid detection of norovirus by Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA) to virus detection by real-time PCR.Methods:The research was a cross-sectional study conducted on children below 18 years complaining of community-acquired acute gastroenteritis. A stool sample was subjected to direct-antigen detection by ELISA for norovirus and molecular study by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results:The study included 200 children with acute gastroenteritis with a mean age of 6.7±3.8 years. Norovirus antigen was detected by EIA in 34.5% and by real-time PCR in 30.5% of studied children with genotype GII, the predominant detected genotype (80.97%). Both real-time PCR and antigen detection of norovirus were positive in 43 (70.5%) of the children and negative in 113(81.3%) of the studied children. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for antigen detection by ELISA were 70.5%, 81.3%, 62.3%, 86.3% and 78%, respectively. Comparison between patients positive for norovirus and those negative for norovirus by real-time PCR revealed non-significant difference as regards age, sex, the season of occurrence and residence.Conclusion:The present study highlights that norovirus prevalence is common among pediatric patients with gastroenteritis above 5 years with GII genotype as the prevalent genotype. There was a significant correlation between positive and negative results of antigen detection of norovirus by ELISA and detection of RNA of norovirus by real-time PCR in stool samples. However, the screening for norovirus by ELISA has limited sensitivity and needs to be associated with a molecular method for accurate diagnosis of sporadic cases of gastroenteritis.
Management and Comorbidities in Middle-European Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective, Cross-sectional Comparison with COMORA Data
Authors: Levytskyi Myroslav , Maier Sarah , Schirmer Michael 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To assess disease-specific characteristics and comorbidities in consecutive Middle-European Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients, and to compare results with international data.

Methods:
Cross-sectional retrospective analysis of consecutive RA patients from a Middle-European outpatient service. Data are compared to those of the international “Co-morbidity in Rheumatoid Arthritis” (COMORA) cohort.

Results:
80 RA patients with mean disease duration of 10.6 ± 8.3 years were enrolled within 5 months. Age was 62 ± 13 years and 75% were female. The Middle-European cohort showed slightly lower disease activity than the Austrian COMORA subcohort. 88.8% of all Middle-European RA patients were in remission or had low disease activity. Despite comparable disease characteristics, the percentage of patients ever treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) was lower in the middle-European cohort (36.3%) than in the Austrian subcohort of COMORA (59%), but similar to the international COMORA cohort (39%). More smokers were in the Austrian COMORA subcohort (48.0) than in the Middle-European (22.5%) and the COMORA cohort (13%). Hypertension (38.8%) and osteoporosis (30.0%) were the most frequent comorbidities.

Conclusion:
Comparison of RA patients from this Middle-European cohort with the Austrian COMORA subcohort showed less frequent use of bDMARDs during disease course – probably according to the local referral structure. 88.8% of the Middle-European RA-patients achieved the treat-to target-aim of remission or low disease activity.
Social Nurses’ Descriptions of Nursing: A Qualitative Study of What Social Nursing is and Does?
Authors: Dideriksen Tine Louise , Lisby Marianne , Brünés Nina , Dreyer Pia 
Published: January 2020

Background:
In the meeting between socially marginalised patients and somatic hospitals, healthcare systems often encounter complex challenges related to health inequalities that are difficult to resolve. To help reduce these challenges, a nursing approach employing a nurse (RN) with in-depth knowledge of socially marginalised patients and competences in rehabilitation (“social nurse”) has contributed to diminish health inequalities. However, further insight into the potential benefits of social nursing is required.

Aim:
To examine how social nurses describe and experience the social nursing approach situated at somatic hospitals.

Methods:
A qualitative study of social nurses’ descriptions and experiences with a social nurse approach included eight Danish hospitals. One male and 12 female nurses (n=13) employed as social nurses at somatic hospitals participated. Thirteen semi structured interviews were conducted using the methodological frameworks of phenomenology and hermeneutics. The interviews were analysed employing a method inspired by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation.

Results:
Four themes emerged from the analysis: 1) A unique expertise encompassing experience and evidence-based knowledge 2) coordination towards a common goal to reduce patients’ vulnerability, 3) to see and understand patients as whole persons, thereby assuring successful treatment and 4) working with the system to avoid losing the patients.
The themes describe a unique expertise emerging from focusing healthcare efforts on the socially marginalised patients and the system in charge.

Conclusion:
The study indicated that the social nurse approach is a holistic nursing approach. Applying this approach allows for optimised treatment that fosters a more equal outcome across the spectrum of socially marginalised patients. The social nurse approach may contribute to diminishing health inequalities.
Determinants of Women Access to Healthcare Services in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dominic Azuh , Ogundipe Adeyemi , Ogundipe Oluwatomisin 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The study examined the socio-economic determinants of women access to healthcare services in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 1995-2015.

Methods:
The study adopted the dynamic panel model and estimated it using the System Generalized Method of Moments in a bid to overcome the endogeneity problem inherent in the model of study.

Result:

The study harmonized the theoretical strands in the literature by describing the measure of access determinants as three main components; i. Health service availability, ii. Health service utilization and iii. Health service decision.

Conclusion:

The indicators of health service availability such as community health workers, physicians, nurses and midwives and hospital beds improve women's access to healthcare facilities in Africa. Also, health service utilization indicators such as population density worsen the quality of healthcare services available to women while electricity access and private health expenditure enhance women’s access to quality healthcare delivery. Health service decision indicators such as female bank account ownership, female labour force participation, attainment of basic education and female household headship were important in enhancing women's access to healthcare facilities. Generally, women's health outcomes were more responsive to health service utilization; implying that service utilization is an important proof of healthcare access in Africa.