bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of C4‐Dcu transporters on hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase activities in stationary phase‐grown fermenting Escherichia coli
Authors: Karapetyan Lusine , Pinske Constanze , Sawers Gary , Trchounian Armen , Trchounian Karen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring mixed‐acid fermentation, Escherichia coli transports succinate mainly via transporters of the Dcu family. Here, we analyze the influence of Dcu transporters on hydrogenase (Hyd) and fermentative formate dehydrogenase (FDH‐H) activities and how this is affected by external pH and carbon source. Using selected dcu mutations, it was shown that Dcu carriers mainly affect Hyd and FDH‐H activities during glycerol but not glucose fermentation at acidic pH. During glycerol fermentation at pH 5.5, inactivation of either one or all Dcu carriers increased total Hyd activity by 60% compared with wild type. Under the same growth conditions, a dcuACBD mutant had a twofold higher FDH‐H activity. When glucose was fermented in dcuD single mutant at pH 5.5, the FDH‐H activity was also increased twofold compared with wild type. Interestingly, in dcuD or dcuACBD mutants at pH 7.5, Hyd activity was lowered by 20%. Taken together, it can be concluded that during glucose fermentation at pH 7.5, lack of DcuD affects Hyd enzyme activity, but at pH 5.5, it has a stronger effect on FDH‐H activity. During glycerol fermentation, lack of Dcu carriers increased Hyd and FDH‐H activities as revealed at pH 5.5. The results suggest that impairing Dcu transport function increases intracellular formate levels and thus affects H2 cycling and proton‐motive force generation.
Novel lactone‐layered double hydroxide ionomer powders for bone tissue repair
Authors: Zhou Tianhao , McCarthy Edward D. , Soutis Constantinos , Cartmell Sarah H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article describes the use of a novel lactone‐layered double hydroxide polymer network (PN), derived from a poly(lactide‐co‐caprolactone) copolymer, as a controlled ion‐release agent for artificial bone tissue regeneration. The osteogenic cell culture Saos‐2 is used as a test culture to investigate the PN's performance as an extracellular ion‐release agent. The compelling performance of this PN is demonstrated in both growth and osteogenic media compared with a control of cells grown on tissue culture plastic (TCP) without PN. Firstly, the PNs released concentration of magnesium ions over time ranging from 10 to 60 mM after 24 hr, depending on the PN sample. After incubation of Saos‐2 with the PN, while no difference was seen in cell number, there was significant upregulation of bone‐related gene expression at 14 days—~5fold increase in Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, ~3fold increase in osteopontin and ~2fold increase in collagen Type I. In addition, normalized alkaline phosphatase activity was seen to significantly increase by ~2fold with PN presence. A ~4fold increase in collagen Type I protein expression (via Gomori Trichrome Stain) was observed with PN presence. In addition, a ~4fold increase in phosphate deposits (as seen with Von Kossa staining analysis) was seen with PN presence. It is found that this novel PN material has a significant potential for bone tissue regeneration.
Cover Image, Volume 95, Issue 5
Authors: Sánchez‐Trasviña Calef , Mayolo‐Deloisa Karla , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: April 2020

The cover image is based on the Original Article Ribonuclease A modification with poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] copolymers: new route of synthesis and purification by Marco Rito‐Palomares, Calef Sanchz‐Trasviña, and Karla Mayolo‐Deloisa., https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6367.image
Baseline angiopoietin‐2 and FGF19 levels predict treatment response in patients receiving multikinase inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shigesawa Taku , Suda Goki , Kimura Megumi , Shimazaki Tomoe , Maehara Osamu , Yamada Ren , Kitagataya Takashi , Suzuki Kazuharu , Nakamura Akihisa , Ohara Masatsugu , Umemura Machiko , Kawagishi Naoki , Nakai Masato , Sho Takuya , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Morikawa Kenichi , Ogawa Koji , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSorafenib and lenvatinib are first‐line systemic therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the criteria for their selection remain unclear.MethodsWe identified patients with unresectable HCC who were treated with sorafenib or lenvatinib between August 2009 and January 2019 at the Hokkaido University Hospital. Patients who continued treatment for >2 months, underwent evaluation by computed tomography every 2–3 months, and had complete clinical data were included. Responders were patients with objective response (OR) for lenvatinib and patients with stable disease (SD) exceeding 6 months (long‐SD) or OR for sorafenib. The predictive factors for treatment response, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19 and 21, angiopoietin 2 (ANG2), hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 27 and 29 patients treated with lenvatinib and sorafenib, respectively, were included. The responders for lenvatinib and sorafenib were 63% (17/27) and 38% (11/29), respectively. No significant predictive factors for treatment response were identified in patients treated with sorafenib. However, baseline serum FGF19 and ANG2 levels were significantly associated with treatment response to lenvatinib. All (9/9) patients with low baseline ANG2 and FGF19 levels who received lenvatinib achieved OR. Conversely, the OR was low (13%; 1/9) in patients with high baseline ANG2 and FGF19 levels. Responder rate was 40% (2/5) in patients with high baseline ANG2 and FGF19 levels who received sorafenib.ConclusionThis study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate that baseline ANG2 and FGF19 levels may aid in selecting optimal systemic therapy for patients with unresectable HCC.
The narial musculature of Alligator mississippiensis: Can a muscle be its own antagonist?
Authors: Klassen Matthew , Adams James , Cramberg Michael , Knoche Lucas , Young Bruce A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe crocodilian naris is regulated by smooth muscle. The morphology of this system was investigated using a combination of gross, light microscopic, and micro‐CT analyses, while the mechanics of narial regulation were examined using a combination of Hall Effect sensors, narial manometry, and electromyography. Alligator mississippiensis, like other crocodilians, routinely switches among multiple ventilatory mechanics and does not occlude the nares during any portion of the ventilatory cycle. In a complex that is unique among vertebrates, a single block of smooth muscle functions in dilation when active, and in constriction when passive. The alligator nares may include one of the best examples of a muscle that functions in “pushing” as well as “pulling.” The central muscle for narial regulation, the dilator naris, can legitimately be viewed as its own antagonist.
GlobalCO2emissions and global temperatures: Are they related
Authors: Gil‐Alana Luis A. , Monge Manuel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the analysis of the relationship between CO2emissions and temperatures. For this purpose, global CO2emissions and four measures of global temperatures (land, land and ocean, northern and southern temperatures) are used. We used techniques based on fractional integration and cointegration. The results indicate first that the orders of integration differ in the two variables. Thus, while emissions are I(1) or I(d) with d higher than 1, temperatures display orders of integration strictly smaller than 1 and thus invalidating the hypothesis of cointegration between the two variables. Due to this, another approach is conducted where we suppose that the emissions are weakly exogenous in relation to the temperatures. The results using this approach show a significantly positive relationship between the two variables with a long memory pattern.
Polyoxomolybdate368 /polyaniline nanocomposite as a novel fiber for solid‐phase microextraction of antidepressant drugs in biological samples
Authors: Amoli Hossein Salar , Yamini Yadollah , Darmani Hossein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber was synthesized by coating a stainless steel wire with polyoxomolybdate368/polyaniline as a sorbent aimed at extraction of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and doxepin as antidepressant drugs from urine and blood samples. The polyoxomolybdate368/polyaniline composite coating was applied using electropolymerization process under constant potential. This composition leads to enhanced extraction efficiency of the fiber. Scanning electron microscopy images show that huge three‐dimensional structures of polyoxomolybdate368 in composite induced more non‐smooth and porous fiber. In order to optimize of the extraction process, a series of variables including concentration of the composite materials, coating thickness, pH, extraction time, salt addition, and stirring rate was investigated and optimum conditions were determined. Analysis of surface morphology and chemical composition was performed. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and evaluation of mentioned antidepressant drugs from the matrixes. The experiments indicated a detection limits of <0.2 ng/L and a linear dynamic range of 0.3–100 ng/L (R2 > 0.994). The relative recovery values were found to be in the range of 92–98%. It was concluded that the purposed fiber is highly efficient in analyzing traces of antidepressant drugs in urine and blood.
Temperature‐programmed capillary high‐performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Vrkoslav Vladimír , Rumlová Barbora , Strmeň Timotej , Cvačka Josef 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new capillary high‐performance liquid chromatography method with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters and long‐chain alcohols. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zorbax SB‐C18 HPLC column (0.3 × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and formic acid and delivered isocratically at a flow rate of 10 μL/min. The column temperature was programmed simply, using a common column oven. Good reproducibility of the temperature profile and retention times were achieved. The temperature programming during the isocratic high‐performance liquid chromatography run had a similar effect as a solvent gradient; it reduced retention times of later eluting analytes and improved their detection limits. Two atmospheric pressure chemical ionization sources of the mass spectrometry detector were compared: an enclosed conventional ion source and an in‐house made ion source with a glass microchip nebulizer. The enclosed source provided better detectability of saturated fatty acid methyl esters and made it possible to determine the double bond positions using acetonitrile‐related adducts, while the open chip‐based source provided better analytical figures of merit for unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. Temperature‐programmed capillary high‐performance liquid chromatography is a promising method for analyzing neutral lipids in lipidomics and other applications.
Development of a Tool to Predict Risk of Behavioral Health Evacuation From Combat
Authors: Thornquist Mary H. , Leonard James E. , Fraine Melissa C. , Loftis Christopher W. , Davison John W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we examined administrative data on 667,437 deployments of at least 30 days duration to Iraq and Afghanistan from 2011 through the end of 2016 to determine risk factors for evacuation from the combat zone for behavioral health reasons. Demographic data, military‐specific data, responses on predeployment mental health assessments, and presence of previous treatment for psychiatric conditions were entered into a logistic regression based on expert determination, distinguishing the 2,133 behavioral health evacuations from those deployments that either did not end in evacuation or included evacuations for reasons other than behavioral health. The model, derived from a random half of the sample (training set), was verified on the other half (validation set). Predictor variables used in the model were calendar year; gender; age; rank; marital status; parental status; number of prior war zone deployments; branch of service; screens for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and hazardous alcohol use on the predeployment mental health assessment; and prior substance‐ and non–substance‐related behavioral health diagnoses. Odds ratios (range: 1.05–3.85) for selected variables that contributed to the model were used to assign risk scores in the Behavioral Health Evacuation Risk Tool, which can aid predicting which service members are more likely to be evacuated from combat for behavioral health reasons, thus indicating where resources can be allocated for behavioral health referrals and war zone care.
Efficacy of Psychological Intervention for Children with Concurrent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shorer Maayan , Segev Shira , Rassovsky Yuri , Fennig Silvana , Apter Alan , Peleg Tammy Pilowsky 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are common conditions following motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Mild TBI and PTSD not only share similar features but may also coexist and interact. Nonetheless, research on psychotherapeutic interventions for PTSD in patients with a history of mTBI, particularly regarding pediatric populations, is limited. The present study compared the efficacy of the prolonged exposure treatment protocol for children and adolescents (PE‐A) with PTSD and mTBI (n = 16) versus PTSD alone (n = 21); treatment commenced at least 3 months following an MVA. Emotional status and cognitive functioning were assessed pre‐ and postintervention using questionnaires and standardized neuropsychological tests. Participants from both groups benefitted from the intervention, as reflected in their emotional status via increased ratings of well‐being and decreased ratings of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and postconcussive symptoms, η2 = .21–.50. Ratings of cognitive function also improved for cognitive flexibility, η2 = .30; executive function in everyday life, η2 = .27; and attention and inhibition, η2 = .16. Parental PTSD was the strongest predictor of improvement after intervention, sr2 = .35. Thus, it appears that PE‐A is an effective intervention for children with MVA‐related PTSD regardless of its comorbidity with mTBI.
Design a 0.1 THz EIO with TM31 mode driven by sheet beam
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Li Jielong , Wang Bo , Zhong Renbin , Zhao Tao , Gong Sen , Liu Diwei , Zhang Kaichun , Hu Min 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn terahertz vacuum electronic devices, sheet beam can improve the interaction efficiency effectively. A rectangular cavity extended interaction oscillator driven by sheet beam in terahertz band is studied in this article. Specially, sheet beam can interact with higher mode in this structure such as TM31 mode. This will have the advantage of being able to operate at a higher frequency than fundamental mode. A 0.1 THz extended interaction oscillator (EIO) with TM31 mode driven by sheet beam is designed based on the dispersion characteristics, S parameters and particle‐in‐cell simulation calculation. The simulation results show that sheet beam with voltage of 12 kV and current of 0.6 A interacts with TM31 mode electromagnetic wave in the cavity under longitudinal magnetic field of 0.5 T. The output frequency is 0.1 THz, the power is 1 kW and the efficiency is 13.9%.
Efficient algorithms for flexible job shop scheduling with parallel machines
Authors: Kubiak Wieslaw , Feng Yanling , Li Guo , Sethi Suresh P. , Sriskandarajah Chelliah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJob shop scheduling with a bank of machines in parallel is important from both theoretical and practical points of view. Herein we focus on the scheduling problem of minimizing the makespan in a flexible two‐center job shop. The first center consists of one machine and the second has k parallel machines. An easy‐to‐perform approximate algorithm for minimizing the makespan with one‐unit‐time operations in the first center and k‐unit‐time operations in the second center is proposed. The algorithm has the absolute worst‐case error bound of k − 1, and thus for k = 1 it is optimal. Importantly, it runs in linear time and its error bound is independent of the number of jobs to be processed. Moreover, the algorithm can be modified to give an optimal schedule for k = 2.
Mechanical and bonding properties of pristine montmorillonite reinforced epoxy asphalt bond coats
Authors: Sun Yifan , Han Xiaocheng , Su Wufeng , Gong Jie , Xi Zhonghua , Zhang Junsheng , Wang Qingjun , Xie Hongfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpoxy asphalt bond coat (EABC) has been widely used as a bonding layer in the construction of orthotropic steel deck bridges. To withstand the vibration of the steel deck, EABC needs to have strong bonding strength. In present article, sodium montmorillonite (Mt) was used to reinforce the neat EABC. The morphology and properties of EABC/Mt nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Brookfield rotational viscometer, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, automatic adhesion tester, and universal testing machine. No intercalation structure formed in the EABC/Mt nanocomposites. Mt dispersed uniformly in the EABC matrix. The inclusion of Mt increased the viscosity of the neat EABC in the initial stage of chemical reaction. Whereas, in the later curing stage, the viscosity of the neat EABC was higher than those of EABC/Mt nanocomposites. The presence of Mt slightly reduced the glass transition temperature of the neat EABC. The damping performance of the neat EABC was improved with the inclusion of 1 wt% Mt. Mt had a marginal effect on the thermal stability of the neat EABC. The incorporation of Mt significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the neat EABC. The tensile strength and toughness of the neat EABC increased by 30% and 26%, respectively, with the inclusion of 3 wt% Mt. The existence of Mt greatly enhanced adhesion strength of the neat EABC. The lap‐shear adhesion strength and pull‐off adhesion strength of the EABC nanocomposite with 5 wt% Mt were 33% and 29% higher than those of the neat EABC.
The effect of materials' rheology on process energy consumption and melt thermal quality in polymer extrusion
Authors: Abeykoon Chamil , Pérez Paula , Kelly Adrian L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolymer extrusion is an important but an energy intensive method of processing polymeric materials. The rapid increase in demand of polymeric products has forced manufactures to rethink their processing efficiencies to manufacture good quality products with low‐unit‐cost. Here, analyzing the operational conditions has become a key strategy to achieve both energy and thermal efficiencies simultaneously. This study aims to explore the effects of polymers' rheology on the energy consumption and melt thermal quality (ie, a thermally homogeneous melt flow in both radial and axil directions) of extruders. Six commodity grades of polymers (LDPE, LLDPE, PP, PET, PS, and PMMA) were processed at different conditions in two types of continuous screw extruders. Total power, motor power, and melt temperature profiles were analyzed in an industrial scale single‐screw extruder. Moreover, the active power (AP), mass throughput, torque, and power factor were measured in a laboratory scale twin‐screw extruder. The results confirmed that the specific energy consumption for both single and twin screw extruders tends to decrease with the processing speed. However, this action deteriorates the thermal stability of the melt regardless the nature of the polymer. Rheological characterization results showed that the viscosity of LDPE and PS exhibited a normal shear thinning behavior. However, PMMA presented a shear thickening behavior at moderate‐to‐high shear rates, indicating the possible formation of entanglements. Overall, the findings of this work confirm that the materials' rheology has an appreciable correlation with the energy consumption in polymer extrusion and also most of the findings are in agreement with the previously reported investigations. Therefore, further research should be useful for identifying possible correlations between key process parameters and hence to further understand the processing behavior for wide range of machines, polymers, and operating conditions.
Exogenous sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, a Jasmonic acid biosynthesis inhibitor, induced resistance to powdery mildew in wheat
Authors: Li Yinghui , Qiu Lina , Zhang Qiang , Zhuansun Xiangxi , Li Huifang , Chen Xin , Krugman Tamar , Sun Qixin , Xie Chaojie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJasmonic acid (JA) is an important plant hormone associated with plant–pathogen defense. To study the role of JA in plant–fungal interactions, we applied a JA biosynthesis inhibitor, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DIECA), on wheat leaves. Our results showed that application of 10 mM DIECA 0–2 days before inoculation effectively induced resistance to powdery mildew (Bgt) in wheat. Transcriptome analysis identified 364 up‐regulated and 68 down‐regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DIECA‐treated leaves compared with water‐treated leaves. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important GO terms and pathways, in particular, response to growth hormones, activity of glutathione metabolism (e.g., glutathione transferase activity), oxalate oxidase, and chitinase activity. Gene annotaion revealed that some pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes, such as PR1.1, PR1, PR10, PR4a, Chitinase 8, beta‐1,3‐glucanase, RPM1, RGA2, and HSP70, were induced by DIECA treatment. DIECA reduced JA and auxin (IAA) levels, while increased brassinosteroid, glutathione, and ROS lesions in wheat leaves, which corroborated with the transcriptional changes. Our results suggest that DIECA can be applied to increase plant immunity and reduce the severity of Bgt disease in wheat fields.
Long noncoding RNA Q associates with Sox2 and is involved in the maintenance of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Jing Ruiqi , Guo Xudong , Yang Yiwei , Chen Wen , Kang Jiuhong , Zhu Songcheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLarge intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) in ESCs may play an important role in the maintenance of pluripotency. The identification of stem cell-specific lincRNAs and their interacting partners will deepen our understanding of the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency. We identified a lincRNA, LincQ, which is specifically expressed in ESCs and is regulated by core pluripotent transcription factors. It was rapidly downregulated during the differentiation process. Knockdown of LincQ in ESCs led to differentiation, downregulation of pluripotency-related genes, and upregulation of differentiation-related genes. We found that exon 1 of LincQ can specifically bind to Sox2. The Soxp region in Sox2, rather than the high mobility group domain, is responsible for LincQ binding. Importantly, the interaction between LincQ and Sox2 is required for the maintenance of pluripotency in ESCs and the transcription of pluripotency genes. Esrrb and Tfcp2l1 are key downstream targets of LincQ and Sox2, since overexpression of Esrrb and Tfcp2l1 can restore the loss of ESC pluripotency that is induced by LincQ depletion. In summary, we found that LincQ specifically interacts with Sox2 and contributes to the maintenance of pluripotency, highlighting the critical role of lincRNA in the pluripotency regulatory network.