bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Pulmonary Embolism with Gallium-68 Macroaggregated Albumin Perfusion PET/CT: An Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Gültekin Aziz , Çayır Mustafa Çağdaş , Uğur Ayşe , Bir Ferda , Yüksel Doğangün 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the use of gallium-68 ( 68 Ga) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) perfusion imaging combined with Technegas single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) ventilation imaging in rabbits with experimental pulmonary emboli (PE). Methods Technegas SPECT/CT ventilation and a 68 Ga-MAA PET/CT perfusion scan (V/Q scan) were performed in 12 rabbits before and one hour after artificial induction of PE. Technegas SPECT/CT and 68 Ga-MAA PET/CT images were evaluated by a nuclear medicine physician who recorded the presence, number, and location of PE on a per-lobe basis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Technegas SPECT/CT and 68 Ga-MAA PET/CT for detecting PE were calculated using a histopathological evaluation as a reference standard. Results A total of 60 lung lobes were evaluated in 12 rabbits, and PE was detected in 20 lobes in V/Q scans and histopathological analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for both the Technegas SPECT/CT and 68 Ga-MAA PET/CT V/Q scans. Conclusion Technegas/ 68 Ga-MAA V/Q scans have good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the detection of PE in this animal model study.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of in situ nano Ta4HfC5 reinforced SiBCN composite ceramics
Authors: Wang Bingzhu , Daxin Li , Yang Zhihua , Jia Dechang , Guan Jingyi , Peng Hao , Cai Delong , He Peigang , Duan Xiaoming , Zhou Yu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the in situ nano Ta 4 HfC 5 reinforced SiBCN-Ta 4 HfC 5 composite ceramics were prepared by a combination of two-step mechanical alloying and reactive hot-pressing sintering. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the SiBCN-Ha 4 HfC 5 were studied. After the first-step milling of 30 h, the raw materials of TaC and HfC undergone crushing, cold sintering and short-range interdiffusion to finally obtain the high pure nano Ta 4 HfC 5 . A hybrid structure of amorphous SiBCN and nano Ta 4 HfC 5 was obtained by adopting a second-step ball-milling. After reactive hot-pressing sintering, amorphous SiBCN has crystallized to nano SiC and turbostratic BN(C) phases while Ta 4 HfC 5 retained the form of nano structure. With the in situ generation of 2.5 wt% Ta 4 HfC 5 , Ta 4 HfC 5 is preferentially distributed within the turbostratic BN(C); however, as Ta 4 HfC 5 content further raised to 10 wt%, it mainly distributed in the grain-boundary of BN(C) and SiC. The introduction of Ta 4 HfC 5 nanocrystals can effectively improve the flexural strength and fracture toughness of SiBCN ceramics, reaching to 344.1 MPa and 4.52 MPa•m 1/2 , respectively.
Segmentation of Brain Gliomas Based on a Multi-modal Multi-scale Double-pathway 3D Residual CNN
Authors: Pan Mingyuan , Shi Yonghong , Song Zhijian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The automated segmentation of brain gliomas regions in magnetic resonance (MR) images plays an important role in the early diagnosis, intraoperative navigation, radiotherapy planning and prognosis of brain tumors. It is very challenging to segment gliomas and intratumoral structures since the location, size, shape, edema range and boundary of gliomas are heterogeneous, and multimodal brain gliomas images (such as T1, T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T1c images) are collected from multiple radiation centers. Methods: This paper presents a multimodal, multi-scale, double-pathway, 3D residual convolution neural network (CNN) for automatic gliomas segmentation. First, a robust gray-level normalization method is proposed to solve the multicenter problem, such as very different intensity ranges due to different imaging protocols. Second, a multi-scale, double-pathway network based on DeepMedic toolkit is trained with different combinations of multimodal MR images for gliomas segmentation. Finally, a fully connected conditional random field (CRF) is used as a post-processing strategy to optimize the segmentation results for addressing the isolated segmentations and holes. Results: Experiments on the Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) 2017 and 2019 challenge data show that our methods achieve a good performance in delineating the whole tumor with a Dice coefficient, a sensitivity and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.88, 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. Regarding the segmentation of the tumor core and the enhancing area, the sensitivity reached 0.80. Conclusions: Experiments show that our method can accurately segment gliomas and intratumoral structures from multimodal MR images, and it is of great significance to clinical neurosurgery.
Upregulation of long non-coding RNA LOC284454 may serve as a new serum biomarker for head and neck cancers
Authors: Fan Chunmei , Wang Jinpeng , Tang Yanyan , Zhang Shanshan , Xiong Fang , Guo Can , Zhou Yanhong , Li Zheng , Li Xiaoling , Li Yong , Li Guiyuan , Zeng Zhaoyang , Xiong Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Identification of effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer is necessary for improving precision medicine. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) play an important regulatory role in tumorinitiation and progression. The lncRNA LOC284454 is distinctly expressed in various head and neck cancers(HNCs), as demonstrated by our previous bioinformatics analysis. However, the expression levels and functions of LOC284454 in cancer are still unclear.Methods: We investigated the dysregulation of lncRNAs in HNCs using the GEO database and found that LOC284454 was highly expressed in HNCs. Serum samples from 212 patients with HNCs and 121 normal controls were included in this biomarker study. We measured the expression of LOC284454 in the sera of HNC patients and normal controls using RT-qPCR. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis is an important statistical method that is widely used in clinical diagnosis and population screening. ROC was used to analyze the clinical value of LOC284454 in the early diagnosis of HNCs.Results: LOC284454 was significantly upregulated in the sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral cancer, and thyroid cancer. LOC284454 upregulation had good clinical diagnostic value in these cancers, as evaluated by area under the ROC curve values of 0.931, 0.698, and 0.834,respectively.Conclusions: LOC284454 may be a valuable serum biomarker forHNCsfacilitating the early diagnosis of malignant cancers.Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the involvement of LOC284454 in HNCs.This study provides the first evidence that LOC284454 may be a serum biomarker for HNCs.
miR-200a/b relieves IL-1β-induced cell injury in knee articular chondrocytes ex-vivo by targeting fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4)
Authors: Li Yintai , Wei Suizhuan , Zhang Zhongping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common subtype of arthritis with prevalence increase with age, and is characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage. Chondrocytes play curial role in the formation of the articular cartilage. This work aimed to figure out the effect of miR-200a/b in chondrocytes of OA, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis, pro-inflammatory factors secretion, and matrix degradation were detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting, separately. Expression of miR-200a/b and fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) was measured by RT-qPCR (RNA level) and western blot (protein level). The relationship between miR-200a/b and FUT4 was verified by dual-luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results: Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) induced OA cell model in primary chondrocytes ex-vivo, as evidenced by cell viability inhibition, apoptosis rate promotion, and IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) resection enhancement, as well as Collegen 2a1 (Col2a1) and Aggrecan expression inhibition. Expression of miR-200a/b was downregulated in knee articular cartilage of OA patients and IL-1β-induced primary chondrocytes. miR-200a/b overexpression decreased IL-1β-induced cell injuries, which was further blocked by FUT4 upregulation. Mechanically, FUT4 was negatively regulated by miR-200a/b via target binding. Conclusion: miR-200a/b could alleviate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injuries via targeting its downstream gene FUT4, suggesting that miR-200a/b-FUT4 axis might be a potential candidate to the treatment of OA.
Functional outcome after surgical treatment of cavernous malformation involving ocular motor cranial nerves: A systematic review
Authors: Sung Kyoung Su , Lim Jaejoon , Hwang So Jung , Chun Duk-Hee , CHO KYUNGGI 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Cavernous malformations (CMs) of cranial nerves (CN) III, IV, and VI are extremely rare, and limited studies have assessed the functional outcomes after treatment. This systematic review investigated the clinical features of CMs in ocular motor CNs, including treatment results, and compared different surgical methods for functional preservation of ocular motor CNs. Methods: ‘PubMed’, ‘SCOPUS’, ‘Web of Science’, and ‘Google Scholar’ databases were searched to identify case reports and studies published between January 1980 and December 2018. This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results: Twenty-seven patients were identified (median age, 46 years; range, 3 months-71 years). CN III was involved in 17 patients (63.0%), CN IV in 8 (29.6%), and CN VI in 2 (7.4%). Treatments included gross total resection (GTR) and nerve transection in 6 patients (22.2%), GTR and nerve continuity preservation in 7 (25.9%), subtotal resection (STR) and nerve continuity preservation in 4 (14.8%), GTR and end-to-end anastomosis in 5 (18.5%), and conservative care in 3 (11.1%), while the treatment method for 2 (7.4%) patients was not described in the literature. In 22 patients who underwent surgical treatment, functional changes included improvement in 9 patients (40.9%), no change in 10 (45.5%), and worsening symptoms in 3 (13.6%). Functional preservation was achieved in 12 (54.5%) of the 22 patients; the nerve continuity preservation method conferred significant advantage for functional preservation compared with other surgical methods ( p =0.004). Conclusion: Functional preservation of ocular motor CNs can be achieved by nerve continuity preservation. Key Words: cavernous malformation; cranial nerve; treatment outcome
Hypertrophic adipocyte-derived exosomal miR-802-5p contributes to insulin resistance in cardiac myocytes through targeting HSP60
Authors: Wen Zhongyuan , Li Junfeng , Fu Yalin , Zheng Yuyang , Ma Mingke , Wang Changhua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is implicated in insulin resistance, which has been recognized as a strongest predictor of the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and subsequent heart failure. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we investigated the effect of hypertrophic adipocytes on cardiac insulin resistance. Methods : Palmitate was used to induce hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Exosomes were purified from normal control or hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocyte-associated conditioned medium. Exosome-exposed neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were treated with insulin to investigate the effects of exosomes on insulin signaling. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by measuring insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. SiRNA techniques were used to downregulate protein levels and its efficiency was evaluated by western blot.Results : Hypertrophic adipocyte-derived exosomes (h-Exo) induced insulin resistance in NRVMs. Furthermore, h-Exo high-expressed miR-802-5p. Insulin sensitivity of NRVMs was impaired by miR-802-5p mimic but improved by its inhibitor. TargetScan and luciferase reporter assays revealed that heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) was a direct target of miR-802-5p. Both h-Exo and miR-802-5p mimic could downregulate HSP60 protein levels. In addition, HSP60 silencing induced insulin resistance and mitigated the insulin-sensitizing effects of adiponectin. HSP60 depletion also significantly increased the expression levels of CHOP, a marker of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and enhanced oxidative stress, accompanied by the increased phosphorylation of JNK and IRS-1 Ser307. Inhibition of both miR-802-5p and endocytosis abolished the impacts of HSP60 knockdown on the UPR and oxidative stress. Conclusion : Hypertrophic adipocyte-derived exosomal miR-802-5p caused cardiac insulin resistance in NRVMs through downregulating HSP60. These findings provide a novel mechanism by which EAT impairs cardiac function.
Mutations in Reelin pathway are associated with abnormal expression of microglial IgG FC receptors in the cerebellar cortex
Authors: Marzban Hassan , Rahimi-Balaei Maryam , Jiao Xiaodan , Dalvand Azadeh , Shabanipour Shahin , Amiri Shayan , Chung Seung H , Kong Jiming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system that are involved in a variety of developmental processes such as regulation of cell death and survival, spatial patterning, and contribute to the development of Purkinje cells during migration. Microglia express immunoglobulin G Fc receptors (FcgRs). Hypothesis: In this report, we describe microglial FcgR expression in the cerebellum during development related to abnormal Purkinje cell migration. Method: To detect microglial FcgR, the direct anti-IgG (secondary antisera) and high concentrations of Triton X-100 were applied as a method for labeling microglial cells without the use of any specific primary antiserum. By using the Acp2 -/- mice, which show an excessive Purkinje cell migration into the molecular layer combined with the different knockout mice altering the Reelin pathway (Reeler, Scrambler, and Apoer2 -/- mice), that Purkinje cells are ectopically located in white matter. Result: We show the expression of microglial FcgRs in the cerebellum of these mice is absent, but not in the Acp2 -/- mice . Discussion: These results suggest a role for FcgRs in reelin signaling pathway, not related to Purkinje cell migration, but may be an adaptation to the environment with the large number of ectopic Purkinje cells. Conclusion: However, the exact correlation between the ectopic Purkinje cells presence and FcgRs absence in reeler, Scrambler, Apoer -/- mice and the presence of FcgRs in Acp2 -/- mutant are yet to be determined.
A Survey on Data Analysis on Large-Scale Wireless Networks: Online Stream Processing, Trends, and Challenges
Authors: de Medeiros Dianne Scherly Varela , Neto Helio do Nascimento Cunha , Lopez Martin Andreoni , Magalhães Luiz Claudio Schara , Fernandes Natalia Castro , Vieira Alex Borges , Silva Edelberto Franco , Mattos Diogo Mezenes Ferrazani 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper we focus on knowledge extraction from large-scale wireless networks through stream processing. We present the primary methods for sampling, data collection, and monitoring of wireless networks and we characterize knowledge extraction as a machine learning problem on big data stream processing. We show the main trends in big data stream processing frameworks. Additionally, we explore the data preprocessing, feature engineering, and the machine learning algorithms applied to the scenario of wireless network analytics. We address challenges and present research projects in wireless network monitoring and stream processing. Finally, future perspectives, such as deep learning and reinforcement learning in stream processing, are anticipated.
Association between telomere length in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes and the propofol dose in anesthesia induction
Authors: Zhang JunLong , Xu Yan , Xie Chuangbo , Yang Jing , Xing YongJi , Xi WenBin , Li ZhaoJu , tu weifeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose can be determined by telomere length, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly.Methods/design To evaluate the association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight;sex;difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients. To detect deletion at the 5′end or 3′end of telomerase RNA component (TERC). 100 patients scheduled for elective surgery. Multivariable linear regression analyses were undertaken.Results We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p <0.001), sex (r = 0.83, p <0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.19, 0.21, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, detection of deletion at the 5′ end or 3′ end of TERC was not found, which showed that telomerase in these patients was relatively stable.Discussion These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications.
Altered local and distant functional connectivity density relate to headache frequency in migraine without aura
Authors: Ke Jun , Yu Yang , Zhang Xiaodong , Su Yunyan , Wang Ximing , Hu Su , Dai Hui , Hu Chunhong , Zhao Hongru , Dai Lingling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Episodic migraine (EM) is associated with alterations in functional connectivity of several regions or resting-state networks, but it is not well known how large-scale functional connectivity pattern of the whole brain is affected in chronic migraine (CM). Methods Fifty-six migraineurs without aura (39 with EM, 17 with CM) and 35 healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical assessment and resting-state functional MRI. Functional connectivity density (FCD) was calculated in a voxel-wise way to examine large-scale brain network property over the whole brain. Results Compared with HC, both migraine groups showed increased local FCD in the left orbital frontal gyrus (OFG), right hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus (HP/PHG), cerebellum, and decreased local FCD in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Local FCD of the left OFG increased in CM compared to EM. In comparison with HC, EM showed increased local FCD in the left middle temporal gyrus, and CM exhibited decreased local FCD in the left sensorimotor cortex and bilateral precuneus. Furthermore, relative to HC, EM showed increased distant FCD in the right PHG while CM showed increased distant FCD in the right HP and OFG. Importantly, majority of the observed local and distant FCD alterations were associated with migraine frequency across all migraineurs. Conclusion Patients with higher migraine frequency present more extensive and pronounced functional connectivity dysfunctions in regions involved in pain processing and modulation. FCD, especially local FCD may be a sensitive biomarker for examining the neural mechanism of migraine.
Echocardiographic Reference Intervals with Allometric Scaling of 823 Clinically Healthy Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)
Authors: Ueda Yu , Duler Laetitia MM , Elliot Kami J , Sosa Paul-Michael D , Roberts Jeffrey A , Stern Joshua A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Echocardiography is commonly used for assessing cardiac structure and function in various species including non-human primates. A few previous studies reported normal echocardiographic reference intervals of clinically healthy rhesus macaques under sedation. However, these studies were under-powered, and the techniques were not standardized. In addition, body weight, age, and sex matched reference intervals should be established as echocardiographic measurements are commonly influenced by these variables. The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for complete echocardiographic parameters based on a large cohort of clinically healthy rhesus macaques with wide ranges of weight and age distributions using allometric scaling. Results: A total of 823 rhesus macaques (ages 6 months to 31 years old; body weights 1.4 to 22.6 kg) were enrolled. Of these rhesus macaques, 421 were males and 402 were females. They were assessed with a complete echocardiographic examination including structural and functional evaluation under sedation with ketamine hydrochloride. The reference intervals of the key echocardiographic parameters were indexed to weight, age, and sex by calculating the coefficients of the allometric equation Y = aMb. On correlation matrix, body weight, age, sex, and heart rate were significantly correlated with various echocardiographic parameters and some of the parameters were strongly correlated with body weight and age. Multiple regression analysis was also performed to predict various echocardiographic parameters from heart rate, body weight, age and sex. Heart rate and body weight statistically significantly predicted various echocardiographic parameters. Valve regurgitation including tricuspid, aortic, pulmonic, and mitral regurgitations without other cardiac structural and functional abnormalities are common in clinically healthy rhesus macaques under ketamine sedation. Conclusions: In this study, the reference intervals of echocardiographic parameters were established by performing complete echocardiographic examinations on a large number of clinical healthy rhesus macaques. In addition, allometric scaling was performed based on their weight, and further indexed to age and sex. These allometrically scaled reference intervals can be used to accurately evaluate echocardiographic data in rhesus macaques and diagnose structural and functional evidence of cardiac disease.