bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches on the acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene functionalization through maleic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide
Authors: Luna Carlos B. B. , Siqueira Danilo D. , Araújo Edcleide M. , Wellen Renate M. R. , Jeferson Alves de Mélo Tomás 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) functionalization is industrially important since it can wide the ABS application range. However, grafting of functional groups must be effective. This work aimed evaluating the effectiveness of ABS functionalization in an internal mixer, using maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator, at 2.5% and 5.0%; and 0.3% and 0.5% contents respectively. Torque rheometry, melt flow rate (MFR), titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to collect the main parameters of produced compounds. For ABS with 5% MA and 0.5% DCP, an efficiency of 62% was reached with the degree of grafting 3.1% MA. FTIR spectra confirmed new band in ABS chain in 1780 cm−1 due to the carbonyl group. Reduction in contact angle and thermal stability were verified, whereas MFR and torque rheometry suggested that viscosity decrease is most due to the molecular weight reduction. In general, MA grafted ABS presented proper functionalization with great potential for applications as reactive compatibilizer.
Wilding the predictive brain
Authors: Nave Kathryn , Deane George , Miller Mark , Clark Andy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Predictive Processing (PP) framework casts the brain as a probabilistic prediction engine that continually generates predictions of the causal structure of the world in order to construct for itself, from the top down, incoming sensory signals. Conceiving of the brain in this way has yielded incredible explanatory power, offering what many believe to be our first glimpse at a unified theory of the mind. In this paper, the picture of the mind brought into view by predictive processing theories is shown to be embodied, deeply affective and nicely poised for cognitive extension. We begin by giving an overview of the main themes of the framework, and situating this approach within embodied cognitive science. We show perception, action, homeostatic regulation and emotion to be underpinned by the very same predictive machinery. We conclude by showing how predictive minds will increasingly be understood as deeply interwoven with, and perhaps extended into, the surrounding social, cultural and technological landscape.This article is categorized under:
Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
Philosophy > Action
Personae in sociolinguistic variation
Authors: D'Onofrio Annette 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile studies of sociolinguistic variation traditionally have focused on correlations between macro‐social categories and the use of linguistic variants, sociolinguistic work examining social meaning‐making at an interactional level views linguistic variation as a resource deployed by agentive speakers and listeners. Thepersonahas become an important construct in understanding how on‐the‐ground interactional practice builds up to form larger‐scale patterns of sociolinguistic variation and change. Rather than members of macro‐social groups, personae are holistic, ideological social types that are recognizably linked with ways of being and speaking. This article reviews the theoretical foundations for the use ofpersonaeas a social construct in the study of linguistic variation. It then describes the ways in which the construct has enriched sociolinguistic theories of social categories, intra‐speaker variation, stylistic practice, explicit performances, sociolinguistic perception, and sociolinguistic change. Taking up the study of personae helps sociolinguists better articulate how linguistic variation is contextualized socially, and how links between personae and linguistic styles are formed and disseminated through time and social space. Further, examining the nature of the social constructs linked with variation, including personae and other constructs aside from demographic categories, helps inform the growing body of work that has aimed to incorporate social information into theories of language processing, perception, production, and representation.This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language in Mind and BrainLinguistics > Linguistic TheoryPsychology > Language
Nesting Ecology of Northern Bobwhite on a Working Farm
Authors: Richardson Andy D. , Kroeger Anthony J. , Moorman Christopher E. , Harper Craig A. , Gardner Beth , Jones Mark D. , Strope Benjy M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTCreating early successional vegetation on working farms can increase northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) abundance with little reduction in crop production, but specific effects of field border establishment on bobwhite nesting ecology are not well understood. We monitored bobwhite nesting on a 1,740‐ha working farm with 19% of property managed for early successional vegetation in southeastern North Carolina, USA. We monitored 133 radio‐marked bobwhites from 1 April to 30 September in 2014 and 2015. We modelled nest‐site selection by comparing paired nest and random reference sites and modeled effects of habitat covariates on daily nest survival. Forb, shrub, and native warm‐season grass cover were greater at nest sites than reference sites with forb cover the strongest predictor of nest‐site selection. Bobwhite nested at a greater density in areas managed for fallow vegetation (1 nest/3 ha) than in planted warm‐season grasses and forbs (1 nest/5 ha). The daily nest survival rate over 2 years was 0.964 (SE = 0.007), and was not significantly influenced by any modeled covariate. Naïve nest success (nest successes/total nests) was 46.9%. The importance of forbs as nesting cover indicates bobwhite abundance in areas dominated by row‐crop agriculture may be limited by low nest initiation from a lack of herbaceous nesting cover. Hence, the creation of fallow herbaceous vegetation on working farms should be prioritized to increase bobwhite reproduction within agricultural landscapes. Furthermore, planting warm‐season grasses is not necessary because volunteer forbs and grasses provide as good or better nesting cover and can be less costly to establish. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Forecasting Origin-Destination-Age-Sex Migration Flow Tables with Multiplicative Components
Authors: Raymer James , Bai Xujing , Smith Peter W. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we show how multiplicative components that capture the underlying structures of migration flow tables can be used to inform forecasts of interstate migration in Australia. For our illustration, we decompose 5-year census migration flow tables by state or territory of origin, state or territory of destination, 5-year age group and sex for seven census time periods from 1981–1986 to 2011–2016. The components are described over time and then fitted with time series models to produce holdout sample forecasts of interstate migration with measures of uncertainty. Goodness-of-fit statistics and calibration are then used to identify the best fitting models. The results of this research provide (i) insights into the different migration patterns of an important aspect of subnational population growth in Australia and (ii) potential inputs for standard or multiregional cohort component projection models.
The efficacy of the submucosal injection of lidocaine during endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasms: a multicenter randomized controlled study
Authors: Ijiri Masami , Sasaki Takahiro , Fujiya Mikihiro , Iwama Takuya , Murakami Yuki , Takahashi Keitaro , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Ando Katsuyoshi , Ueno Nobuhiro , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Saito Yusuke , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently a common procedure although it requires a long procedural time. We conducted a prospective study to determine the efficacy and safety of lidocaine injection for shortening the procedural time and relieving bowel peristalsis during ESD.

Methods
A multicenter randomized controlled study was conducted in three hospitals. Ninety-one patients who underwent colorectal ESD were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups using the envelope method: the lidocaine group and saline group. The primary endpoint was the procedural time, and the secondary endpoints were the procedural time in each part of the colon and the grade of bowel peristalsis and the incidence and amounts of antispasmodic drugs use and adverse events.

Results
The patients’ demographics were not markedly different between the two groups. The mean procedural time in the lidocaine group was not markedly different from that in the saline group. In contrast, at the proximal site, the procedural time in the lidocaine group (57 min) was significantly shorter in the saline group (80 min). The grade of bowel peristalsis in the lidocaine group (0.67) was significantly lower than in the saline group (1.17). Antispasmodic drug use was significantly rarer in the lidocaine group than in the saline group. The incidence of adverse events was not markedly different between the two groups.

Conclusions
Local lidocaine injection is a feasible option for preventing bowel peristalsis, particularly in the proximal colon, leading to a reduced procedural time for ESD and decreased antispasmodic drug use.
University Hospital Medical Information Network Center (UMIN number: 000022843).
Speaking Acquaintances or Helpers in Need: Participation in Civic Associations and Individual Social Capital
Authors: Mutz Michael , Burrmann Ulrike , Braun Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is widely believed that civic associations are capable to produce social capital, here understood as an individual asset resulting from relations of mutual support and assistance. Although hardly anybody denies that socializing is widespread in many civic associations, it still remains to be shown that this socializing provides a genuine commitment to support. This paper explores the relationship between involvement in civic organizations and social support. The data analysed come from a nation-wide survey “Organized Sport and Social Capital—Revisited” (OSSCAR) representing the adult population in Germany. Findings show that participation in civic associations is associated with higher levels of social support. This effect is stronger for active participants and weaker for passive members. Path analyses further indicate that this effect is mediated by a person’s sociability orientations as well as her commitment to prosocial values. These findings help providing a more nuanced understanding of mechanisms of social capital formation in civic associations.
Determinants of Volunteering Within a Social Housing Community
Authors: Walker Tim , Menneer Tamaryn , Leyshon Catherine , Leyshon Michael , Williams Andrew James , Mueller Markus , Taylor Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn general, research demonstrates that deprivation, education, health, and well-being are determinants of volunteering, and that volunteering can play an important role in building stronger communities and provides many benefits for individual health and well-being. This study concentrates on the effects of physical and mental health and well-being as predictors when the aspect of socio-economic impact has been minimised. It utilises a unique data set from a UK Housing Association community with generally high levels of deprivation. Data were analysed using bivariate probit regression. In contrast to previous findings, physical health and mental health were not significantly related to volunteering. The key finding was that mental well-being was significantly related to informal volunteering.
In Vivo Imaging of Local Inflammation: Monitoring LPS-Induced CD80/CD86 Upregulation by PET
Authors: Taddio Marco F. , Castro Jaramillo Claudia A. , Runge Peter , Blanc Alain , Keller Claudia , Talip Zeynep , Béhé Martin , van der Meulen Nicholas P. , Halin Cornelia , Schibli Roger , Krämer Stefanie D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 are upregulated on activated antigen-presenting cells (APC). We investigated whether local APC activation, induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), can be imaged by positron emission tomography (PET) with CD80/CD86-targeting 64Cu-labelled abatacept.

Procedures
Mice were inoculated s.c. with extracellular-matrix gel containing either LPS or vehicle (PBS). Immune cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry and marker expression by RT-qPCR. 64Cu-NODAGA-abatacept distribution was analysed using PET/CT and ex vivo biodistribution.

Results
The number of CD80+ and CD86+ immune cells at the LPS inoculation site significantly increased a few days after inoculation. CD68 and CD86 expression were higher at the LPS than the PBS inoculation site, and CD80 was only increased at the LPS inoculation site. CTLA-4 was highest 10 days after LPS inoculation, when CD80/CD86 decreased again. A few days after inoculation, 64Cu-NODAGA-abatacept distribution to the inoculation site was significantly higher for LPS than PBS (4.2-fold). Co-administration of unlabelled abatacept or human immunoglobulin reduced tracer uptake. The latter reduced the number of CD86+ immune cells at the LPS inoculation site.

Conclusions
CD80 and CD86 are upregulated in an LPS-induced local inflammation, indicating invasion of activated APCs. 64Cu-NODAGA-abatacept PET allowed following APC activation over time.
The conformal measures of a normal subgroup of a cocompact Fuchsian group
Authors: SHWARTZ OFER 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study the conformal measures of a normal subgroup of a cocompact Fuchsian group. In particular, we relate the extremal conformal measures to the eigenmeasures of a suitable Ruelle operator. Using Ancona’s theorem, adapted to the Ruelle operator setting, we show that if the group of deck transformationsGis hyperbolic then the extremal conformal measures and the hyperbolic boundary ofGcoincide. We then interpret these results in terms of the asymptotic behavior of cutting sequences of geodesics on a regular cover of a compact hyperbolic surface.
Loewner evolution of hedgehogs and 2-conformal measures of circle maps
Authors: BISWAS KINGSHOOK 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLet f be a germ of a holomorphic diffeomorphism with an irrationally indifferent fixed point at the origin in

${\mathbb C}$
(i.e.

$f(0) = 0, f'(0) = e^{2\pi i \alpha }, \alpha \in {\mathbb R} - {\mathbb Q}$
). Pérez-Marco [Fixed points and circle maps. Acta Math.179(2) (1997), 243–294] showed the existence of a unique continuous monotone one-parameter family of non-trivial invariant full continua containing the fixed point called Siegel compacta, and gave a correspondence between germs and families

$(g_t)$
of circle maps obtained by conformally mapping the complement of these compacts to the complement of the unit disk. The family of circle maps

$(g_t)$
is the orbit of a locally defined semigroup

$(\Phi _t)$
on the space of analytic circle maps, which we show has a well-defined infinitesimal generator X. The explicit form of X is obtained by using the Loewner equation associated to the family of hulls

$(K_t)$
. We show that the Loewner measures

$(\mu _t)$
driving the equation are 2-conformal measures on the circle for the circle maps

$(g_t)$
.
Negotiating the price of the new state and republican modernization: resistance to the agricultural taxes in modern Turkey
Authors: Metinsoy Murat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the building of the modern Turkish Republic was financed largely through the taxes extracted from the agricultural economy. Turkey’s economy was largely based on agriculture and accordingly the new state relied heavily on rural resources. Despite the abolition of the tithe, many other agricultural taxes increased remarkably. This paper examines the peasants’ everyday resistance to heavy taxes under the single-party regime in interwar Turkey. It shows that under an authoritarian single-party system, poor and small-income peasants used daily and mostly informal means to cope with the social injustice that resulted from the increasingly burdensome economic demands of the new state. In contrast to the existing accounts, which mostly regard the peasants as being atomized under the absolute control of the state, this paper portrays them as an active social dynamic that annulled the greater part of the taxes in practice and compelled the government to soften its heavy taxes. Based on new archival sources, such as gendarme records, politicians’ reports, citizens’ petitions, and newspaper reports, this paper reveals the peasants’ different forms of politics and the direct and indirect impact of such politics on the social and political transformation of the new Republic and on the modernization of Turkey overall.
The Jamaat of Allah's Friends: Maulana Allahyar's Reformist Movement and Sacralising the Space of the Armed Forces of Pakistan
Authors: SUMBAL SAADIA 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article discusses a Sufi-inspired reformist movement that was set up in Chakrala (Pakistani Punjab) by Maulana Allahyar during the second half of the twentieth century. Attention is paid to the polemical religious context in which this movement arose, in part linked to the proselytising activities of local Shias and Ahmadis. Allahyar's preaching in the town created sectarian divisions within Chakrala's syncretic religious traditions. His reformist ideas also were articulated through atablighi jamaat(missionary movement), which penetrated the armed forces of Pakistan during the military rule of Ayub Khan. Against this backdrop, the article also discusses the interface between Islam and the army, as this relationship played out in Indian prisoner-of-war camps holding captured Pakistani soldiers in the wake of the 1971 war, and so points to ways in which the mutual performance of mystical practices by Allahyar's Jamaat created a cohesive moral community.
Adolescent diet and physical activity in the context of economic, social and nutrition transition in rural Maharashtra, India: a qualitative study
Authors: Joshi-Reddy Kejal , Kamble Veena , Kunte Pooja , Hardy-Johnson Polly , Fall Caroline HD , Barker Mary , Weller Susie , Yajnik Chittaranjan S , Kehoe Sarah H 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore the perceptions of adolescents and their caregivers on drivers of diet and physical activity in rural India in the context of ongoing economic, social and nutrition transition.Design:A qualitative study comprising eight focus group discussions (FGD) on factors affecting eating and physical activity patterns, perceptions of health and decision-making on food preparation.Setting:Villages approximately 40–60 km from the city of Pune in the state of Maharashtra, India.Participants:Two FGD with adolescents aged 10–12 years (n 20), two with 15- to 17- year-olds (n 18) and four with their mothers (n 38).Results:Dietary behaviour and physical activity of adolescents were perceived to be influenced by individual and interpersonal factors including adolescent autonomy, parental influence and negotiations between adolescents and caregivers. The home food environment, street food availability, household food security and exposure to television and digital media were described as influencing behaviour. The lack of facilities and infrastructure was regarded as barriers to physical activity as were insufficient resources for public transport, safe routes for walking and need for cycles, particularly for girls. It was suggested that schools take a lead role in providing healthy foods and that governments invest in facilities for physical activity.Conclusions:In this transitioning environment, that is representative of many parts of India and other Lower Middle Income Countries (LMIC), people perceive a need for interventions to improve adolescent diet and physical activity. Caregivers clearly felt that they had a stake in adolescent health, and so we would recommend the involvement of both adolescents and caregivers in intervention design.
Controls on Subglacial Rock Friction: Experiments With Debris in Temperate Ice
Authors: Thompson A. C. , Iverson N. R. , Zoet L. K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlacier sliding has major environmental consequences, but friction caused by debris in the basal ice of glaciers is seldom considered in sliding models. To include such friction, divergent hypotheses for clast‐bed contact forces require testing. In experiments we rotate an ice ring (outside diameter = 0.9 m), with and without isolated till clasts, over a smooth rock bed. Ice is kept at its pressure‐melting temperature, and meltwater drains along a film at the bed to atmospheric pressure at its edges. The ice pressure or bed‐normal component of ice velocity is controlled, while bed shear stress is measured. Results with debris‐free ice indicate friction coefficients < 0.01. Shear stresses caused by clasts in ice are independent of ice pressure. This independence indicates that with increases in ice pressure the water pressure in cavities observed beneath clasts increases commensurately to allow drainage of cavities into the melt film, leaving clast‐bed contact forces unaffected. Shear stresses, instead, are proportional to bed‐normal ice velocity. Cavities and the absence of regelation ice indicate that, unlike model formulations, regelation past clasts does not control contact forces. Alternatively, heat from the bed melts ice above clasts, creating pressure gradients in adjacent meltwater films that cause contact forces to depend on bed‐normal ice velocity. This model can account for observations if rock friction predicated on Hertzian clast‐bed contacts is assumed. Including debris‐bed friction in glacier sliding models will require coupling the ice velocity field near the bed to contact forces rather than imposing a pressure‐based friction rule.