bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can ultrasound irradiation be a therapeutic option for prostate cancer?
Authors: Maeshige Noriaki , Kitagawa Koichi , Yamasaki Saya , Ishii Aya , Shirakawa Toshiro , Yang Yong‐Ming , Sung Shian‐Ying , Chen Kuan‐Chou , Yuan Zhi‐Min , Shigemura Katsumi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFocal therapies for prostate cancer (PC) can reduce adverse events and do not lead to androgen‐independent progression. Ultrasound could be used for cancer treatments if the repetition frequency is fitted to the purpose. We investigated the possible therapeutic effect of ultrasound irradiation on PC cells.Materials and MethodsWe irradiated two PC cell lines, androgen‐dependent LNCaP and ‐independent PC‐3 with ultrasound (3.0 W/cm2, 3 MHz, irradiation time rate: 20%) for 2 minutes for 1 day or 3 consecutive days at a repetition frequency of 1, 10, or 100 Hz in vitro. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined after irradiation.ResultsCell proliferation of PC‐3 was significantly inhibited after 1 day (P < .0001) and 3 days (P < .0001) of 10 Hz ultrasound irradiation, and that of LNCaP after 1 day (P < .0001) and 3 days (P < .0001) of irradiation. LNCaP was more sensitive to ultrasound at both lower and higher cell density but PC‐3 was only sensitive at a lower cell density (P < .01). Irradiation with 10 Hz ultrasound‐induced significantly more PC‐3 apoptotic cells than control (1 day, P = .0137; 3 days, P = .0386) rather than irradiation with 1 Hz. Apoptosis via caspase‐3 was induced at 10 Hz in 1‐day (P < .05) irradiation in both cell lines.ConclusionsUltrasound irradiation with even 1 day of 10 Hz significantly inhibited cell proliferation in both LNCaP and PC‐3, especially by the remarkable induction of apoptosis in vitro. Our study indicated that ultrasound irradiation can be a therapeutic option for PC and further studies in vivo will be undertaken.
The crisis‐response match: An empirical investigation
Authors: Raithel Sascha , Hock Stefan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryPrior crisis‐response literature outlines zones of conformity (i.e., response meets stakeholder expectations), underconformity (i.e., response falls short of expectations), and overconformity (i.e., response exceeds expectations). We utilize a mixed‐method approach to empirically test the impact of different response strategies on customers (Study 1: experiment) and investors (Study 2: event study). We not only find empirical support that a conforming strategy outperforms both nonconforming strategies concerning stakeholders' affective evaluations of reputation, but extend this proposition to stakeholders' cognitive evaluations of reputation and the financial implications for the firm. The most counterintuitive finding is that overconforming strategies result in lower firm reputation and stock returns relative to conforming strategies. Thus, exceeding stakeholder expectations during a crisis can have unintended negative consequences.Managerial SummaryHow should firms react to product recalls? Previous research suggests that exceeding expectations of external stakeholders should have a neutral or even positive impact on firm reputation and financial performance, while falling short of expectations should have a negative impact. In this article, we test the impact of different product recall strategies. The most counterintuitive finding is that exceeding stakeholder expectations during a product crisis can have unintended negative consequences on both customers and investors.
Lithiation Mechanism Change Driven by Thermally Induced Grain Fining and Its Impact on the Performance of LiMn2O4 in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Geun Jun , Abbas Muhammad A. , Lee Moo Dong , Lee Jeongmin , Lee Junghyun , Bang Jin Ho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe nature of precursors employed in the synthesis of lithium‐ion battery cathode materials is a crucial performance‐dictating factor. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish a way to manipulate the precursor and seek a comprehensive understanding of its influence on the electrochemical behavior of a targeted electrode material. A thermal route is herein demonstrated for the synthesis of lithium‐excess LiMn2O4 (LMO) by exploiting an intriguing thermal phenomenon, thermally induced grain fining, and sheds light on how it affects the mechanism and kinetics of lithiation, and, furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of LMO. Detailed insights into the lithiation mechanism and kinetics reveal that the use of a finely grained, porous Mn3O4, which possesses an open crystal structure, is a key to the success of incorporating excess Li. In addition, this in‐depth electrochemical investigation verifies a very recent theoretical prediction of faster Li diffusion kinetics enabled by excess Li.
Photogenerated Electron Transfer Process in Heterojunctions: In Situ Irradiation XPS
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Yukun , Zhang Yongshang , Hou Ruohan , Zhang Xilai , Xue Chao , Wang Shaobin , Zhu Bicheng , Li Neng , Shao Guosheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhotoelectron transfer between heterojuctions is an important process for photocatalysis, and identification of the electron transfer process provides valuable information for catalyst design. Herein, Ti3C2, one of the widely used two‐dimensional materials, is used to produce a heterojunction of TiO2 and Ti3C2 by an in situ growth method and the photogenerated electrons transfer between the two components for photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen is investigated. Theoretical simulation and experimental tests proclaim that electrons transfer from Ti3C2 to TiO2 forms an internal electric field, which implies that there exists the driving force of electronic movement from TiO2 to Ti3C2. In situ irradiation X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the binding energies of TiC (in Ti3C2) and TiO (in TiO2) move toward negative and positive positions, respectively, verifying the photogenerated electrons produced from TiO2 and transferring to Ti3C2 driven by the internal electric field. In addition, the amount of TiO2 nanoparticles also affects the hydrogen evolution rate. Several parallel experiments are designed to uncover the fact that less or excess amount of TiO2 nanoparticles leads to a tinier shift of binding energy, which hints the quantity of heterojunction is a considerable factor in photocatalytic performance. This work develops a new method to directly monitor the photoelectron transfer process between heterojuctions.
Mapping developmental trajectories and subtype diversity of normal and glaucomatous human retinal ganglion cells by single-cell transcriptome analysis
Authors: Teotia Pooja , Niu Meng , Ahmad Iqbal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlaucoma is characterized by a progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to irreversible vision loss. Currently, there is no effective treatment for RGC degeneration. We used a disease-in-a-dish stem cell model to examine the developmental susceptibility of RGCs to glaucomatous degeneration, which may inform on the formulation of therapeutic approaches. Here, we used single-cell transcriptome analysis of SIX6 risk allele (SIX6risk allele) primary open angle glaucoma patient-specific and control hRGCs to compare developmental trajectories in terms of lineage- and stage-specific transcriptional signature to identify dysregulated stages/genes, and subtype composition to estimate the relative vulnerability of RGCs to degeneration because their ability to regenerate axons are subtype-specific. The developmental trajectories, beginning from neural stem cells to RGCs, were similar between SIX6risk allele and control RGCs. However, the differentiation of SIX6risk allele RGCs was relatively stalled at the retinal progenitor cell stage, compromising the acquisition of mature phenotype and subtype composition, compared with controls, which was likely due to dysregulated mTOR and Notch signaling pathways. Furthermore, SIX6risk allele RGCs, as compared with controls, expressed fewer genes corresponding to RGC subtypes that are preferentially resistant to degeneration. The immature phenotype of SIX6risk allele RGCs with underrepresented degeneration-resistant subtypes may make them vulnerable to glaucomatous degeneration.
TiAlN‐Beschichtungen mittels hoch‐energetischer Kathodenzerstäubung
Authors: Tillmann Wolfgang , Stangier Dominic , Grisales Diego 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungHochenergetische Plasmen stellen nach aktuellen Erkenntnissen ein vielversprechendes tribologisches Eigenschaftsprofil für nitridische Hartstoffschichten und deren Anwendungen dar. Jedoch resultiert aus der gesteigerten Ionisationsrate ein hohes Niveau an Druckeigenspannungen in TiAlN‐Dünnschichten (σTiAlN ∼ –6000 MPa), welches die Haftung zwischen Substrat und Beschichtung negativ beeinflussen und zu Delamination und Schädigung führen kann. In diesem Zusammenhang belegen die durchgeführten Untersuchungen, dass durch eine hybride Prozessführung, die aus der synchronen Verwendung von Gleichstrom (DC)‐ und Hochleistungs‐Impuls‐Kathodenzerstäubung (HiPIMS) besteht, eine Reduktion des Eigenspannungszustands in der Schicht erfolgen kann. Dies ermöglicht die Vorteile beider Technologien zu vereinen und somit TiAlN‐Dünnschichten für ein erweitertes Einsatzspektrum als tribologische Beschichtung für wärmebehandelte Werkzeugstähle zu qualifizieren.
Assessment of a GNSS/INS/Wi-Fi Tight-Integration Method Using Support Vector Machine and Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Mendonça Marco , Santos Marcelo C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWi-Fi derived positions have been used in the past few years as a complementary source of positioning information for GNSS and Inertial Systems (INS). Ubiquitous positioning that transitions from indoors to outdoors and vice-versa is currently a hot topic of research. In this context, this study aims to analyze the potential of directional antennas sequentially tracking Wi-Fi signals on the 11 channels around the 2.4 GHz frequency in order to serve as an integrated signal for GNSS and INS positioning. Considering, as an example, a single point positioning (SPP) strategy coupled with an INS, the use of directional antennas can be beneficial in order to provide absolute directions of travel by the means of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) lane matching. In order to test the given hypothesis, real-world experiments were performed in areas with and without obstruction in an urban environment. Using a post-processed, smoothed in both forward and backward modes, and finally edited post-processed kinematic (RTK) solution as a reference, the solution integrating SPP GNSS, INS and Wi-Fi was assessed in terms of accuracy. Preliminary results show that such a combination of the directional antennas along with GNSS and INS and their respective SVM and EKF filters, can provide sub-meter accuracy at all times without the need of precise orbits or differential corrections, increasing solution availability, reliability and accuracy on a scalable and cost-effective way.
Non-integrable Dimers: Universal Fluctuations of Tilted Height Profiles
Authors: Giuliani Alessandro , Mastropietro Vieri , Toninelli Fabio Lucio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study a class of close-packed dimer models on the square lattice, in the presence of small but extensive perturbations that make them non-determinantal. Examples include the 6-vertex model close to the free-fermion point, and the dimer model with plaquette interaction previously analyzed in previous works. By tuning the edge weights, we can impose a non-zero average tilt for the height function, so that the considered models are in general not symmetric under discrete rotations and reflections. In the determinantal case, height fluctuations in the massless (or ‘liquid’) phase scale to a Gaussian log-correlated field and their amplitude is a universal constant, independent of the tilt. When the perturbation strength $$\lambda $$
λ
is sufficiently small we prove, by fermionic constructive Renormalization Group methods, that log-correlations survive, with amplitude A that, generically, depends non-trivially and non-universally on $$\lambda $$
λ
and on the tilt. On the other hand, A satisfies a universal scaling relation (‘Haldane’ or ‘Kadanoff’ relation), saying that it equals the anomalous exponent of the dimer–dimer correlation.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a systematic review of imaging findings
Authors: Shelmerdine Susan C. , Lovrenski Jovan , Caro-Domínguez Pablo , Toso Seema ,   Collaborators of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Cardiothoracic Imaging Taskforce, Alexopoulou Efi , Almanza Judith , Calder Alistair D. , Ciet Pierluigi , Damasio Beatrice , Desoky Sarah M. , Gomez-Pastrana David , Goo Hyun Woo , Gorkem Sureyya Burcu , Hirsch Franz Wolfgang , Kellenberger Christian , Mahani Maryam Ghadimi , Navallas Maria , Owens Catherine M. , Raissaki Maria , Riaza Lucia , van Rijn Rick R. , van Schuppen Joost , Secinaro Aurelio , Toma Paolo , Ugas Charcape Carlos S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus infection that can cause a severe respiratory illness and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Because children appear to be less severely affected than adults, their imaging appearances have not been extensively reported.

Objective
To systematically review available literature regarding imaging findings in paediatric cases of COVID-19.

Materials and methods
We searched four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar) for articles describing imaging findings in children with COVID-19. We included all modalities, age <18 years, and foreign language articles, using descriptive statistics to identify patterns and locations of imaging findings, and their association with outcomes.

Results
Twenty-two articles were included, reporting chest imaging findings in 431 children, of whom 421 (97.7%) underwent CT. Criteria for imaging were lacking. At diagnosis, 143/421 (34.0%) had a normal CT. Abnormalities were more common in the lower lobes and were predominantly unilateral. The most common imaging pattern was ground-glass opacification (159/255, 62.4%). None of the studies described lymphadenopathy, while pleural effusions were rare (three cases). Improvement at follow-up CT imaging (3–15 days later) was seen in 29/100 (29%), remained normal in 25/100 (25%) and progressed in 9/100 (9%).

Conclusion
CT chest findings in children with COVID-19 are frequently normal or mild. Lower lobes are predominantly affected by patchy ground-glass opacification. Appearances at follow-up remain normal or improve in the majority of children. Chest CT imaging adds little to the further management of the patient and should be reserved for severe cases or for identifying alternative diagnoses.
Dirac and Lagrange Algebraic Constraints in Nonlinear Port-Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: van der Schaft Arjan , Maschke Bernhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfter recalling the definitions of standard port-Hamiltonian systems and their algebraic constraints, called here Dirac algebraic constraints, an extended class of port-Hamiltonian systems is introduced. This is based on replacing the Hamiltonian function by a general Lagrangian submanifold of the cotangent bundle of the state space manifold, motivated by developments in (Barbero-Linan et al., J. Geom. Mech. 11, 487–510, 2019) and extending the linear theory as developed in (van der Schaft and Maschke, Syst. Control Lett. 121, 31–37, 2018) and (Beattie et al., Math. Control Signals Syst. 30, 17, 2018). The resulting new type of algebraic constraints equations are called Lagrange algebraic constraints. It is shown how Dirac algebraic constraints can be converted into Lagrange algebraic constraints by the introduction of extra state variables, and, conversely, how Lagrange algebraic constraints can be converted into Dirac algebraic constraints by the use of Morse families.
Geochemical characterization of groundwater evolution south of Grand Canyon, Arizona (USA)
Authors: Beisner Kimberly R. , Solder John E. , Tillman Fred D. , Anderson Jessica R. , Antweiler Ronald C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBetter characterization of the geochemical evolution of groundwater south of Grand Canyon, Arizona (USA), is needed to understand natural conditions and assess potential effects from breccia-pipe uranium mining in the region. Geochemical signatures of groundwater at 28 sampling locations were evaluated; baseline concentrations for select trace elements (As, B, Ba, Cr, Li, Mo, Rb, Se, Sr, Th, Tl, U, V) were established, and anomalous chemistry characteristics were identified. Concentrations at some groundwater sites exceeded the USEPA drinking water standard for As of 10 μg/L (Red Canyon, Miners, JT, Havasu, and Warm Springs) and U of 30 μg/L (Salt Creek Spring). Four springs from the study area (Blue, Havasu, Fern, and Warm Springs) had unique chemistry, which may indicate a deep flow path or potential contribution of fluids from lower in the crust. Other springs in the study area were distinguished by major anion water type: sulfate, bicarbonate, and a mixture of the two. Water type distinctions were somewhat spatially segregated, with sulfate type present on the western side of the study area, bicarbonate type on the eastern side, and a mixture of the two interspersed between the endmember sites. Sulfate-type water from this study area had low strontium isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr) values. The location of spring discharge within single drainages of the Grand Canyon may influence chemistry, as groundwater discharging from bedrock was altered after flowing through alluvial material. Geochemical analysis of groundwater in Grand Canyon indicates the importance of continued monitoring and better understanding of short-term chemical fluctuations.
Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Signaling Contributes to the Induction of Neuroinflammation in Animal Models of Endotoxemia and Peripheral Surgical Stress
Authors: Fricke F. , Gebert J. , Kopitz J. , Plaschke K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPeripheral inflammation induced by endotoxemia or surgical stress induces neuroinflammation thereby causing neurological symptoms ranging from sickness behavior to delirium. Thus, proinflammatory signaling must be operative between the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we tested whether nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were produced during the peripheral inflammatory process have the capacity to induce neuroinflammation. Conditions of endotoxemia or surgical intervention were simulated in rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection or partial hepatectomy (HpX). EVs were concentrated from these animals and tested for their proinflammatory action (I) in a microglial cell line and (II) by intracerebroventricular and (III) by intravenous injections into healthy rats. EVs from both conditions induced the secretion of cytokines from the glial cell line. Intracerebroventricular injection of the EVs caused the release of inflammatory cytokines to the cerebrospinal fluid indicating their pro-neuroinflammatory capacity. Finally, proinflammatory EVs were shown to pass the blood–brain barrier and induce neuroinflammation after their intravenous injection. Based on these data, we suggest that EV-associated proinflammatory signaling contributes to the induction of neuroinflammation in endotoxemia and peripheral surgical stress. Preliminary results suggest that peripheral cholinergic signals might be involved in the control of proinflammatory EV-mediated signaling from the periphery to the brain.
Tidal variation of total suspended solids over the Yangtze Bank based on the geostationary ocean color imager
Authors: Zhou Yu , Xuan Jiliang , Huang Daji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHourly mapping by a Geostationary Ocean Color Imager was used to reveal the spatial pattern and tidal variation of total suspended solids (TSS) over the Yangtze Bank in the Yellow and East China Seas during the winter. The TSS form a tongue-shaped structure, which decreases further offshore in a stepwise manner. The stepwise change is separated by two fronts of TSS, which are located near the 20-m and 50-m isobaths. The tidal variation of TSS concentration during the study period is evident and can be divided into three stages: decay, maintenance, and growth. Compared with the relatively stationary TSS during the maintenance stage, drastic changes exist during the decay and growth stages. In terms of tide-induced mixing, the dynamic analysis shows that both the topography and the tidal currents play an important role in the spatio-temporal variation of TSS during the tidal period. In particular, spatial distribution is primarily determined by the topography, whereas the temporal variations in tidal scale are determined by the tidal currents.
Informed successive condition assessments in bridge maintenance
Authors: Honfi Dániel , Björnsson Ivar , Ivanov Oskar Larsson , Leander John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe condition assessment of bridges considers a combination of information from different sources rendering multiple levels of assessment possible. This paper illustrates how successive condition assessment strategies increase the expected utility compared to single choice decisions through Bayesian inference. Multiple levels of assessment allow for additional possibilities for obtaining structural health information and updating one’s beliefs about structural condition. Thus, more informed decision-making is possible with respect to the gain in accuracy versus the costs of the assessment options. The paper aims to introduce how the successive approach can be implemented and in which scenarios it provides an increase in expected utility in comparison to one instant decision. To highlight this, a few pedagogical numerical examples are provided.
The political economy of adult learning systems—some institutional features that promote adult learning participation
Authors: Desjardins Richard , Ioannidou Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent years have witnessed an increasing scholarly interest in the study of education, training, and skill formation from a comparative political economy perspective. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the emerging field of the political economy of adult learning systems, which seeks to understand the causes and consequences of cross-national diversity in adult learning systems. The article introduces this interdisciplinary research strand by reviewing recent work and different typologies that have emerged out of the field of comparative economics and comparative politics, which are relevant to the study of adult learning systems. The empirical evidence on cross-national patterns of organized adult learning drawn on PIAAC data suggests that existing typologies are insufficient to explain the cross-national patterns. The article discusses some specific institutional features that promote adult learning participation and points out conditions and policies that support effective adult learning systems.