bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central interaction between the apelinergic and vasopressinergic systems in the regulation of the haemodynamic parameters in rats maintained on a high‐fat diet
Authors: Wojno Olena , Czarzasta Katarzyna , Puchalska Liana , Kowalczyk Malgorzata , Cudnoch‐Jedrzejewska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA high‐fat diet can affect the central activity of the apelinergic and vasopressinergic systems, which can have a significant impact on cardiovascular regulation. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the central interaction between apelin and vasopressin in the regulation of the cardiovascular system in Sprague Dawley rats maintained on a normal‐fat diet (NFD) or on a high‐fat diet (HFD). The animals were instrumented with a cannula implanted into the left cerebral ventricle for intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of saline (0.9% NaCl), apelin‐13 (APLN‐13), V1a receptor antagonist (V1aRANT) APJ receptor antagonist (F13A), vasopressin (AVP); and with a catheter placed within the femoral artery for mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate monitoring. Blood, the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata were collected for biochemical analysis. The hypertensive effect of APLN‐13 was blocked by a prior ICV infusion of V1aRANT, only in the NFD rats. However, the hypertensive effect of AVP was blocked by the prior ICV infusion of F13A in both the NFD and HFD rats. A HFD caused an increase in the protein level of APJ and V1a receptors, both in the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata. This study confirms the presence of an interaction between both peptides in the central regulation of the cardiovascular system in rats on a NFD or a HFD.
Reversion of cardiovascular remodelling in renovascular hypertensive 2K‐1C rats by renin–angiotensin system inhibitors
Authors: Corrêa José Wilson do Nascimento , Prado Cibele Maria , Riul Maria Elena , Araújo Alice Valença , Rossi Marcos Antonio , Bendhack Lusiane Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate whether the RAS dual blockade would induce additional beneficial effects on cardiovascular remodelling when compared to monotherapy in renal hypertensive two kidneys–one clip (2K‐1C) rats.MethodsHypertensive 2K‐1C and normotensive (2K) rats were treated for 14 days with submaximal doses of losartan (LOS), enalapril (ENA), losartan plus enalapril (LOS + ENA) or vehicle (water). Blood pressure and some parameters of cardiovascular remodelling were evaluated.ResultsSystolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in 2K‐1C (209 ± 3 mm Hg, P < .05) than in 2K (113 ± 1 mm Hg) rats. There was an additional effect in 2K‐1C treated with LOS + ENA (153 ± 9 mm Hg) on lowering SBP when compared to LOS (184 ± 12 mm Hg) or ENA (177 ± 9 mm Hg). None of the treatments had effect on SBP in 2K rats. In 2K‐1C, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was reduced by all treatments, although the cardiac hypertrophy indexes remained unchanged. 2K‐1C aortas presented medial thickening that was partially reduced by the treatments. Intimal hyperplasia observed in 2K‐1C (15.56 ± 0.89 µm vs 8.24 ± 0.80 µm) was reversed by ENA (9.52 ± 0.45 µm) or LOS + ENA (8.17 ± 0.53 µm). Collagen deposition was increased in 2K‐1C hearts (1.77 ± 0.16 vs 1.28 ± 0.09) and aortas (8.1 ± 0.6 vs 5.2 ± 0.2). Treatment with LOS reduced (1.12 ± 0.14%) and ENA (0.81 ± 0.11%) or LOS + ENA (0.86 ± 0.11%) additionally diminished collagen only in 2K‐1C hearts.ConclusionsSubmaximal doses of ACEi and/or ARB have inhibitory actions on cardiac remodelling and vascular hypertrophy not entirely dependent on their effects on blood pressure normalization in renovascular hypertensive rats. Combined therapy produced additional reduction in blood pressure than monotherapy despite a similar inhibition on cardiovascular remodelling.
Fish Quality Index Method: Principles, weaknesses, validation, and alternatives—A review
Authors: Bernardo Yago A. A. , Rosario Denes K. A. , Delgado Isabella F. , Conte‐Junior Carlos A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFish is a high nutritional value matrix of which production and consumption have been increasing in the last years. Advancements in the efficient evaluation of freshness are essential to optimize the quality assessment, to improve consumer safety, and to reduce raw material losses. Therefore, it is necessary to use rapid, nondestructive, and objective methodologies to evaluate the quality of this matrix. Quality Index Method (QIM) is a tool applied to indicate fish freshness through a sensory evaluation performed by a group of assessors. However, the use of QIM as an official method for quality assessment is limited by the protocol, sampling size, specificities of the species, storage conditions, and assessor's experience, which make this method subjective. Also, QIM may present divergences regarding the development of microorganisms and chemical analysis. In this way, novel quality evaluation methods such as electronic noses, electronic tongues, machine vision system, and colorimetric sensors have been proposed, and novel technologies such as proteomics and mitochondrial analysis have been developed. In this review, the weaknesses of QIM were exposed, and novel methodologies for quality evaluation were presented. The consolidation of these novel methodologies and their use as methods of quality assessment are an alternative to sensory methods, and their understanding enables a more effective fish quality control.
The anticholesterol oxidation effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) in frozen fish burgers submitted to grilling
Authors: Guizellini Glória Maria , Torres Elizabeth Aparecida Ferraz Da Silva , Freitas Rosana Aparecida Manólio Soares , Saldanha Tatiana , Sawaya Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland , Gamallo Ormindo Domingues , Soares Maiara Jurema , de Oliveira Vanessa Sales , Sampaio Geni Rodrigues 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study determined the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.), as well as evaluated their anticholesterol oxidation potential in fish burgers. The total phenolic contents were 1.1 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g FW to garlic and 1.3 ± 0.4 mg GAE/g FW for leek. Leek extract showed antioxidant activity index (1.3 ± 0.01) in DPPH and β‐carotene/linoleic acid assay (66.5 ± 1.6%); however, in ORAC assay, no statistic differences were observed (P > 0.05). Besides that, bioactive compounds of garlic and leek extracts were identified by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray by ionization‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐ESI‐MS). Fish burgers were prepared using different concentrations of leek and garlic and stored at −18 °C for 90 days. Thus, at days 0, 30, 60, and 90, the samples were grilled and analyzed as to their cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products contents. Storage and grilling led to an increase in cholesterol oxidation products; however, addition of garlic and leek minimized cholesterol oxidation products formation. After 90 days, samples containing 3% leek + 0.5% garlic ware the most effective in inhibiting the cholesterol oxides formation during storage and showed the lowest increase in cholesterol oxidation products content (21.16%). Thus, the findings of this research indicate the potential application of garlic and leek as natural inhibitors of cholesterol oxidation in food.Practical ApplicationGarlic and leek have a set of bioactive compounds with a wide antioxidant capacity when used in meat foods such as fish burgers. Garlic and leek used as natural antioxidants perform well in the shelf life of fish burgers and can be substitutes for synthetic antioxidants in this type of product. The presence of both vegetables reduced the formation of prejudicial products to human health generated during the shelf life of the food.
A chromosome‐level genome assembly provides new insights into paternal genome elimination in the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis
Authors: Li Meizhen , Tong Haojie , Wang Shuping , Ye Wanyi , Li Zicheng , Omar Mohamed A.A. , Ao Yan , Ding Simin , Li Zihao , Wang Ying , Yin Chuanlin , Zhao Xianxin , He Kang , Liu Feiling , Chen Xi , Mei Yang , Walters James R. , Jiang Mingxing , Li Fei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are economically important agricultural pests with several compelling biological phenomena including paternal genome elimination (PGE). However, limited high‐quality genome assemblies of mealybugs hinder a full understanding of this striking and unusual biological phenomenon. Here, we generated a chromosome‐level genome assembly of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, by combining Illumina short reads, PacBio long reads and Hi‐C scaffolding. The assembled genome was 292.54 Mb with a contig N50 of 489.8 kb and a scaffold N50 of 49.0 Mb. Hi‐C scaffolding assigned 84.42% of the bases to five chromosomes. A total of 110.75 Mb (37.9%) repeat sequences and 11,880 protein‐coding genes were predicted. The completeness of the genome assembly was estimated to be 95.5% based on BUSCO genes. In addition, 27,086 (95.3%) full‐length PacBio transcripts were uniquely mapped to the assembled scaffolds, suggesting the high quality of the genome assembly. We showed that cotton mealybugs lack differentiated sex chromosomes by analysing genome resequencing data of males and females. DAPI staining confirmed that one chromosome set in males becomes heterochromatin at an early embryo stage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with sequencing analysis demonstrated that the epigenetic modifications H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 are distributed across the whole genome in males, suggesting that these two modifications might be involved in maintaining heterochromatin status. Both markers were more likely to be distributed in repeat regions, while H3K27me3 had higher overall enrichment. Our results provide a valuable genomic resource and shed new light on the genomic and epigenetic basis of PGE in cotton mealybugs.
HaplowebMaker and CoMa: Two web tools to delimit species using haplowebs and conspecificity matrices
Authors: Spöri Yann , Flot Jean‐François 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Haplotype webs (haplowebs) and conspecificity matrices have recently been proposed as graphical methods for species delimitation. However, performing such analyses by hand can be error‐prone and time‐consuming, and no program is currently available to generate these graphs automatically.

Here we present two online tools called HaplowebMaker and CoMa (short for ‘Conspecificity Matrices') that fill this gap. Starting from one or several FASTA sequence alignments, HaplowebMaker generates median‐joining (or minimum spanning) networks, then adds connections between sequences found co‐occurring in heterozygous individuals, thereby turning each network into a haploweb. HaplowebMaker also returns a partition matrix summarizing the partitions inferred from each marker using the criterion of mutual allelic exclusivity. CoMa then turns the partition matrix into a conspecificity matrix and orders it, producing a figure in which each species is revealed as a square along the diagonal.

HaplowebMaker and CoMa are open source and written in Haxe; webserver implementations are available at https://eeg‐ebe.github.io/HaplowebMaker and https://eeg‐ebe.github.io/CoMa/.
Revisiting the minimum set cover, the maximal coverage problems and a maximum benefit area selection problem to make climate‐change‐concerned conservation plans effective
Authors: Alagador Diogo , Cerdeira Jorge Orestes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInformed decisions for the selection of protected areas (PAs) are grounded in two general problems in Operations Research: the minimum set covering problem (minCost), where a set of ecological constraints are established as conservation targets and the minimum cost PAs are found, and the maximal coverage problem (maxCoverage) where the constraint is uniquely economic (i.e. a fixed budget) and the goal is to maximize the number of species having conservation targets adequately covered.We adjustminCostandmaxCoverageto accommodate the dynamic effects of climate change on species’ ranges. The selection of sites is replaced by the selection of time‐ordered sequences of sites (climate change corridors), and an estimate of the persistence of each species in corridors is calculated according to the expected suitability of each site in the respective time period and the capacity of species to disperse between consecutive sites along corridors. In these problems, conservation targets are expressed as desired (and attainable) species persistence levels. We also introduce a novel problem (minShortfall) that combinesminCostandmaxCoverage. Unlike these two problems,minShortfallallows persistence targets to be missed and minimizes the sum of those gaps (i.e. target shortfalls), subject to a limited budget.We illustrate the three problems with a case study using climatic suitability estimates for 10 mammal species in the Iberian Peninsula under a climate change scenario until 2080. We compare solutions of the three problems with respect to species persistence and PA costs, under distinct settings of persistence targets, number of target‐fulfilled species and budgets. The solutions from different problems differed with regard to the areas to prioritize, their timings and the species whose persistence targets were fulfilled. This analysis also allowed identifying groups of species sharing corridors in optimal solutions, thus allowing important financial savings in site protection.We suggest that enhancing species persistence is an adequate approach to cope with habitat shifts due to climate change. We trust the three problems discussed can provide complementary and valuable support for planners to anticipate decisions in order that the negative effects of climate change on species’ persistence are minimized.
Glycome profiling by lectin microarray reveals dynamic glycan alterations during epidermal stem cell aging
Authors: Oinam Lalhaba , Changarathil Gopakumar , Raja Erna , Ngo Yen Xuan , Tateno Hiroaki , Sada Aiko , Yanagisawa Hiromi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAging in the epidermis is marked by a gradual decline in barrier function, impaired wound healing, hair loss, and an increased risk of cancer. This could be due to age‐related changes in the properties of epidermal stem cells and defective interactions with their microenvironment. Currently, no biochemical tools are available to detect and evaluate the aging of epidermal stem cells. The cellular glycosylation is involved in cell–cell communications and cell–matrix adhesions in various physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we explored the changes of glycans in epidermal stem cells as a potential biomarker of aging. Using lectin microarray, we performed a comprehensive glycan profiling of freshly isolated epidermal stem cells from young and old mouse skin. Epidermal stem cells exhibited a significant difference in glycan profiles between young and old mice. In particular, the binding of a mannose‐binder rHeltuba was decreased in old epidermal stem cells, whereas that of an α2‐3Sia‐binder rGal8N increased. These glycan changes were accompanied by upregulation of sialyltransferase, St3gal2 and St6gal1 and mannosidase Man1a genes in old epidermal stem cells. The modification of cell surface glycans by overexpressing these glycogenes leads to a defect in the regenerative ability of epidermal stem cells in culture. Hence, our study suggests the age‐related global alterations in cellular glycosylation patterns and its potential contribution to the stem cell function. These glycan modifications detected by lectins may serve as molecular markers for aging, and further functional studies will lead us to a better understanding of the process of skin aging.
The effects of shrub encroachment on bird occupancy vary with land use in an African savanna
Authors: Stanton R. A. , Fletcher R. J. , Sibiya M. , Monadjem A. , McCleery R. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLand‐cover and land‐use change are major drivers of global biodiversity loss. Savannas are experiencing shrub encroachment and land‐use changes that affect animal communities, yet how the effects of shrub encroachment vary with land use remains unclear. We also need to determine which species traits explain the effects of shrub encroachment and land‐use changes to identify potential drivers of community change and predict species' responses to conservation efforts. We sampled birds across gradients of shrub encroachment and land use (protected savanna, pastures, homestead lands, and sugarcane) in the lowveld savanna of Eswatini to: (1) test for the effects of shrub encroachment, land‐use change, and their potential synergies on the occurrence of 48 species of birds; and (2) determine which species traits (those associated with nesting, foraging, or vulnerability to predation) explained species' associations with shrub encroachment and land‐use change. We used Bayesian multispecies occupancy models to account for imperfect detection, interpret species responses, and understand the effects of species traits. We found evidence for community‐wide synergies between shrub encroachment and land‐use effects on birds that varied with species' diets. Agricultural intensification had negative effects on the occurrence of most species examined, while shrub cover typically had positive effects which were stronger in pastures and homestead lands than in protected areas. The negative effects of land‐use change were greatest for insectivores and cavity nesters, whereas insectivore occurrence increased with shrub cover, collectively indicating that nesting and foraging traits best explained species responses to land‐use and land‐cover change in the region. Our results suggest that shrub cover management for bird conservation should vary with land use: shrubs could be thinned in protected areas without reducing bird occupancy but shrubs in homesteads should be retained.
A European consensus statement on the use of four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate for cardiac and non‐cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Erdoes G. , Koster A. , Ortmann E. , Meesters M. I. , Bolliger D. , Baryshnikova E. , Martinez Lopez De Arroyabe B. , Ahmed A. , Lance M. D. , Ranucci M. , von Heymann C. , Agarwal S. , Ravn H. B. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryModern four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate was designed originally for rapid targeted replacement of the coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X. Dosing strategies for the approved indication of vitamin K antagonist‐related bleeding vary greatly. They include INR and bodyweight‐related protocols as well as fixed dose regimens. Particularly in the massively bleeding trauma and cardiac surgery patient, four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate is used increasingly for haemostatic resuscitation. Members of the Transfusion and Haemostasis Subcommittee of the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology performed a systematic literature review on four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate. The available evidence has been summarised for dosing, efficacy, drug safety and monitoring strategies in different scenarios. Whereas there is evidence for the efficacy of four‐factor prothrombin concentrate for a variety of bleeding scenarios, convincing safety data are clearly missing. In the massively bleeding patient with coagulopathy, our group recommends the administration of an initial bolus of 25 IU.kg‐1. This applies for: the acute reversal of vitamin K antagonist therapy; haemostatic resuscitation, particularly in trauma; and the reversal of direct oral anticoagulants when no specific antidote is available. In patients with a high risk for thromboembolic complications, e.g. cardiac surgery, the administration of an initial half‐dose bolus (12.5 IU.kg‐1) should be considered. A second bolus may be indicated if coagulopathy and microvascular bleeding persists and other reasons for bleeding are largely ruled out. Tissue‐factor‐activated, factor VII‐dependent and heparin insensitive point‐of‐care tests may be used for peri‐operative monitoring and guiding of prothrombin complex concentrate therapy.
Why does COVID‐19 kill more elderly men than women? Is there a role for testosterone?
Authors: Papadopoulos Vassilios , Li Lu , Samplaski Mary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent epidemiological data indicate that there may be a gender predisposition to COVID‐19, with men predisposed to being most severely affected, and older men accounting for most deaths.ObjectivesProvide a review of the research literature, propose hypotheses, and therapies based on the potential link between testosterone (T) and COVID‐19 induced mortality in elderly men.Materials and MethodsA search of publications in academic electronic databases, and government and public health organization web sites on T, aging, inflammation, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, and COVID‐19 disease state and outcomes was performed.ResultsThe link between T, the immune system, and male aging is well‐established, as is the progressive decline in T levels with aging. In women, T levels drop before menopause and variably increase with advanced age. Elevated IL‐6 is a characteristic biomarker of patients infected with COVID‐19 and has been linked to the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus far, half of the admitted COVID‐19 patients developed ARDS, half of these patients died, and elderly male patients have been more likely to develop ARDS and die. Low T is associated with ARDS. These data suggest that low T levels may exacerbate the severity of COVID‐19 infection in elderly men. It may also stand to reason that normal T levels may offer some protection against COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, present in high levels in the testis.ConclusionAt present, it is not known whether low T levels in aging hypogonadal males create a permissive environment for severe responses to COVID‐19 infection or if the virus inhibits androgen formation. Given the preponderance of COVID‐19 related mortality in elderly males, additional testing for gonadal function and treatment with T may be merited.
The role of RIPK3‐regulated cell death pathways and necroptosis in the pathogenesis of cardiac ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Ying Luo , Benjanuwattra Juthipong , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite advancements in management of acute myocardial infarction, this disease remains one of the leading causes of death. Timely reestablishment of epicardial coronary blood flow is the cornerstone of therapy; however, substantial amount of damage can occur as a consequence of cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It has been previously proposed that the pathway leading to major cell death, apoptosis, is responsible for cardiac I/R injury. Nevertheless, there is compelling evidence to suggest that necroptosis, a programmed necrosis, contributes remarkably to both myocardial injury and microcirculatory dysfunction following cardiac I/R injury. Receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed‐lineage kinase domain‐like pseudokinase (MLKL) are shown as the major mediators of necroptosis. In addition to the traditional perception that RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL‐dependent plasma membrane rupture is fundamental to this process, several RIPK3‐related pathways such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial fragmentation have also been implicated in cardiac I/R injury. In this review, reports from both in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the roles of necroptosis and RIPK3‐regulated necrosis in cardiac I/R injury have been collectively summarized and discussed. Furthermore, reports on potential interventions targeting these processes to attenuate cardiac I/R insults to the heart have been presented in this review. Future investigations adding to the knowledge obtained from these previous studies are needed in the pursuit of discovering the most effective pharmacological agent to improve cardiac I/R outcomes.