bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved ENSO Prediction Skill Resulting From Reduced Climate Drift in IAP‐DecPreS: A Comparison of Full‐Field and Anomaly Initializations
Authors: Hu Shuai , Zhou Tianjun , Wu Bo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen initiated from observational conditions, coupled climate models used in seasonal predictions generally experience climate drifts. How climate drift affects El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction is important but not clearly understood. Here, we investigate this issue by comparing seasonal hindcasts using two distinct initialization approaches, namely, anomaly and full‐field initializations, based on a climate prediction system named IAP‐DecPreS. The differences between the two approaches are mainly evident in the drift behavior. We find that the hindcasts based on anomaly initialization (Hindcast‐A) have higher ENSO prediction skill compared to those based on full‐field initialization (Hindcast‐F). The climate drifts are largely reduced in the Hindcast‐A as expected. In contrast, the Hindcast‐F features a growing warming of the equatorial central eastern Pacific with increasing lead times. To investigate the impact of drift on the prediction, the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 El Niño cases are analyzed. At a 7‐month lead, the Hindcast‐A reasonably predicts the two events, while the Hindcast‐F shows large errors in both evolution and amplitude. Budget analyses show that the underestimation of warming tendency in the Hindcast‐F is caused by cooling effects of excessive anomalous surface shortwave radiative flux and anomalous temperature advection by mean horizontal currents, both of which are associated with the climate drift. Our results imply that the use of the AI scheme can improve ENSO predictions through a reduction in climate drift in IAP‐DecPreS. The drifts can dynamically influence ENSO predictions, and their impact cannot be thoroughly removed via the empirical bias correction. Thus, reducing drift impacts is necessary.
SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection
Authors: Delworth Thomas L. , Cooke William F. , Adcroft Alistair , Bushuk Mitchell , Chen Jan‐Huey , Dunne Krista A. , Ginoux Paul , Gudgel Richard , Hallberg Robert W. , Harris Lucas , Harrison Matthew J. , Johnson Nathaniel , Kapnick Sarah B. , Lin Shian‐Jian , Lu Feiyu , Malyshev Sergey , Milly Paul C. , Murakami Hiroyuki , Naik Vaishali , Pascale Salvatore , Paynter David , Rosati Anthony , Schwarzkopf M.D. , Shevliakova Elena , Underwood Seth , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Xiang Baoqiang , Yang Xiaosong , Zeng Fanrong , Zhang Honghai , Zhang Liping , Zhao Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe document the development and simulation characteristics of the next generation modeling system for seasonal to decadal prediction and projection at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). SPEAR (Seamless System for Prediction and EArth System Research) is built from component models recently developed at GFDL—the AM4 atmosphere model, MOM6 ocean code, LM4 land model, and SIS2 sea ice model. The SPEAR models are specifically designed with attributes needed for a prediction model for seasonal to decadal time scales, including the ability to run large ensembles of simulations with available computational resources. For computational speed SPEAR uses a coarse ocean resolution of approximately 1.0° (with tropical refinement). SPEAR can use differing atmospheric horizontal resolutions ranging from 1° to 0.25°. The higher atmospheric resolution facilitates improved simulation of regional climate and extremes. SPEAR is built from the same components as the GFDL CM4 and ESM4 models but with design choices geared toward seasonal to multidecadal physical climate prediction and projection. We document simulation characteristics for the time mean climate, aspects of internal variability, and the response to both idealized and realistic radiative forcing change. We describe in greater detail one focus of the model development process that was motivated by the importance of the Southern Ocean to the global climate system. We present sensitivity tests that document the influence of the Antarctic surface heat budget on Southern Ocean ventilation and deep global ocean circulation. These findings were also useful in the development processes for the GFDL CM4 and ESM4 models.
Quantifying Geochemical Processes of Arsenic Mobility in Groundwater From an Inland Basin Using a Reactive Transport Model
Authors: Gao Z.P. , Jia Y.F. , Guo H.M. , Zhang D. , Zhao B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh arsenic (As) groundwater is frequently found in inland basins, yet the contributions of different processes to aqueous As distributions remain unresolved. In the Hetao Basin, a typical inland basin, groundwater As concentrations generally increased from the alluvial fan through the transition area to the flat plain. A geochemical process‐based reactive transport model was established to evaluate and quantify the processes of As mobilization in the northwestern Hetao Basin. Thirty‐six groundwater samples and eight sediment samples were collected from the alluvial fan to the flat plain to investigate the geochemical characteristics of the groundwater system. Along the approximate flow path, groundwater evolved from oxic‐suboxic conditions to anoxic conditions, with increasing concentrations of As, Fe (II), and NH4+, and decreasing Eh and SO42−/Cl−. Modeling results indicated that the observed concentrations of Fe (II) were caused by reductive dissolution of Fe (III) oxides and subsequent precipitation of mackinawite and siderite. Reductive dissolution of Fe (III) oxides was primarily driven by organic matter degradation (>75%), followed by H2S oxidation (<25%). More As was sequestered by mackinawite precipitation and adsorption than that released via abiotic reduction of Fe (III) oxides by H2S. Reductive dissolution of Fe (III) oxides was the dominant mechanism for liberating As in both the transition area and the flat plain (>70%), and As desorption under elevated pH and competitive adsorption by HCO3− and PO43− made an important contribution to As enrichment (up to 30%). Overall, this study provides an insight into the relative contributions of different geochemical processes to As enrichment in inland basins.
Electronic parameters in cobalt-based perovskite-type oxides as descriptors for chemocatalytic reactions
Authors: Simböck Johannes , Ghiasi M. , Schönebaum Simon , Simon Ulrich , de Groot Frank M. F. , Palkovits Regina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPerovskite-type transition metal (TM) oxides are effective catalysts in oxidation and decomposition reactions. Yet, the effect of compositional variation on catalytic efficacy is not well understood. The present analysis of electronic characteristics of B-site substituted LaCoO3 derivatives via in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) establishes correlations of electronic parameters with reaction rates: TM t2g and eg orbital occupancy yield volcano-type or non-linear correlations with NO oxidation, CO oxidation and N2O decomposition rates. Covalent O 2p-TM 3d interaction, in ultra-high vacuum, is a linear descriptor for reaction rates in NO oxidation and CO oxidation, and for N2O decomposition rates in O2 presence. Covalency crucially determines the ability of the catalytically active sites to interact with surface species during the kinetically relevant step of the reaction. The nature of the kinetically relevant step and of surface species involved lead to the vast effect of XAS measurement conditions on the validity of correlations.
A MAFG-lncRNA axis links systemic nutrient abundance to hepatic glucose metabolism
Authors: Pradas-Juni Marta , Hansmeier Nils R. , Link Jenny C. , Schmidt Elena , Larsen Bjørk Ditlev , Klemm Paul , Meola Nicola , Topel Hande , Loureiro Rute , Dhaouadi Ines , Kiefer Christoph A. , Schwarzer Robin , Khani Sajjad , Oliverio Matteo , Awazawa Motoharu , Frommolt Peter , Heeren Joerg , Scheja Ludger , Heine Markus , Dieterich Christoph , Büning Hildegard , Yang Ling , Cao Haiming , Jesus Dario F. De , Kulkarni Rohit N. , Zevnik Branko , Tröder Simon E. , Knippschild Uwe , Edwards Peter A. , Lee Richard G. , Yamamoto Masayuki , Ulitsky Igor , Fernandez-Rebollo Eduardo , Vallim Thomas Q. de Aguiar , Kornfeld Jan-Wilhelm 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global emergencies and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory transcripts with elusive functions in metabolism. Here we show that a high fraction of lncRNAs, but not protein-coding mRNAs, are repressed during diet-induced obesity (DIO) and refeeding, whilst nutrient deprivation induced lncRNAs in mouse liver. Similarly, lncRNAs are lost in diabetic humans. LncRNA promoter analyses, global cistrome and gain-of-function analyses confirm that increased MAFG signaling during DIO curbs lncRNA expression. Silencing Mafg in mouse hepatocytes and obese mice elicits a fasting-like gene expression profile, improves glucose metabolism, de-represses lncRNAs and impairs mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. We find that obesity-repressed LincIRS2 is controlled by MAFG and observe that genetic and RNAi-mediated LincIRS2 loss causes elevated blood glucose, insulin resistance and aberrant glucose output in lean mice. Taken together, we identify a MAFG-lncRNA axis controlling hepatic glucose metabolism in health and metabolic disease.
Long-range exciton transport and slow annihilation in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites
Authors: Deng Shibin , Shi Enzheng , Yuan Long , Jin Linrui , Dou Letian , Huang Libai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with strongly bound excitons and tunable structures are desirable for optoelectronic applications. Exciton transport and annihilation are two key processes in determining device efficiencies; however, a thorough understanding of these processes is hindered by that annihilation rates are often convoluted with exciton diffusion constants. Here we employ transient absorption microscopy to disentangle quantum-well-thickness-dependent exciton diffusion and annihilation in two-dimensional perovskites, unraveling the key role of electron-hole interactions and dielectric screening. The exciton diffusion constant is found to increase with quantum-well thickness, ranging from 0.06 ± 0.03 to 0.34 ± 0.03 cm2 s−1, which leads to long-range exciton diffusion over hundreds of nanometers. The exciton annihilation rates are more than one order of magnitude lower than those found in the monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. The combination of long-range exciton transport and slow annihilation highlights the unique attributes of two-dimensional perovskites as an exciting class of optoelectronic materials.
Ultracompact 3D microfluidics for time-resolved structural biology
Authors: Knoška Juraj , Adriano Luigi , Awel Salah , Beyerlein Kenneth R. , Yefanov Oleksandr , Oberthuer Dominik , Peña Murillo Gisel E. , Roth Nils , Sarrou Iosifina , Villanueva-Perez Pablo , Wiedorn Max O. , Wilde Fabian , Bajt Saša , Chapman Henry N. , Heymann Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo advance microfluidic integration, we present the use of two-photon additive manufacturing to fold 2D channel layouts into compact free-form 3D fluidic circuits with nanometer precision. We demonstrate this technique by tailoring microfluidic nozzles and mixers for time-resolved structural biology at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). We achieve submicron jets with speeds exceeding 160 m s−1, which allows for the use of megahertz XFEL repetition rates. By integrating an additional orifice, we implement a low consumption flow-focusing nozzle, which is validated by solving a hemoglobin structure. Also, aberration-free in operando X-ray microtomography is introduced to study efficient equivolumetric millisecond mixing in channels with 3D features integrated into the nozzle. Such devices can be printed in minutes by locally adjusting print resolution during fabrication. This technology has the potential to permit ultracompact devices and performance improvements through 3D flow optimization in all fields of microfluidic engineering.
Ultraflexible and transparent electroluminescent skin for real-time and super-resolution imaging of pressure distribution
Authors: Lee Byeongmoon , Oh Ji-Young , Cho Hyeon , Joo Chul Woong , Yoon Hyungsoo , Jeong Sujin , Oh Eunho , Byun Junghwan , Kim Hanul , Lee Seunghwan , Seo Jiseok , Park Chan Woo , Choi Sukyung , Park Nae-Man , Kang Seung-Youl , Hwang Chi-Sun , Ahn Seong-Deok , Lee Jeong-Ik , Hong Yongtaek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to image pressure distribution over complex three-dimensional surfaces would significantly augment the potential applications of electronic skin. However, existing methods show poor spatial and temporal fidelity due to their limited pixel density, low sensitivity, or low conformability. Here, we report an ultraflexible and transparent electroluminescent skin that autonomously displays super-resolution images of pressure distribution in real time. The device comprises a transparent pressure-sensing film with a solution-processable cellulose/nanowire nanohybrid network featuring ultrahigh sensor sensitivity (>5000 kPa−1) and a fast response time (<1 ms), and a quantum dot-based electroluminescent film. The two ultrathin films conform to each contact object and transduce spatial pressure into conductivity distribution in a continuous domain, resulting in super-resolution (>1000 dpi) pressure imaging without the need for pixel structures. Our approach provides a new framework for visualizing accurate stimulus distribution with potential applications in skin prosthesis, robotics, and advanced human-machine interfaces.
Charge transfer from the carotenoid can quench chlorophyll excitation in antenna complexes of plants
Authors: Cupellini Lorenzo , Calvani Dario , Jacquemin Denis , Mennucci Benedetta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants can dissipate excess excitation energy during high light exposure, by deactivating excited chlorophylls through a mechanism called nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). However, the precise molecular details of quenching and the mechanism regulating the quenching level are still not completely understood. Focusing on the major light-harvesting complex LHCII of Photosystem II, we show that a charge transfer state involving Lutein can efficiently quench chlorophyll excitation, and reduce the excitation lifetime of LHCII to the levels measured in the deeply quenched LHCII aggregates. Through a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, multiscale quantum chemical calculations, and kinetic modeling, we demonstrate that the quenching level can be finely tuned by the protein, by regulating the energy of the charge transfer state. Our results suggest that a limited conformational rearrangement of the protein scaffold could act as a molecular switch to activate or deactivate the quenching mechanism.
Metabolism of multiple glycosaminoglycans by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is orchestrated by a versatile core genetic locus
Authors: Ndeh Didier , Baslé Arnaud , Strahl Henrik , Yates Edwin A. , McClurgg Urszula L. , Henrissat Bernard , Terrapon Nicolas , Cartmell Alan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human gut microbiota (HGM), which is critical to human health, utilises complex glycans as its major carbon source. Glycosaminoglycans represent an important, high priority, nutrient source for the HGM. Pathways for the metabolism of various glycosaminoglycan substrates remain ill-defined. Here we perform a biochemical, genetic and structural dissection of the genetic loci that orchestrates glycosaminoglycan metabolism in the organism Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Here, we report: the discovery of two previously unknown surface glycan binding proteins which facilitate glycosaminoglycan import into the periplasm; distinct kinetic and genetic specificities of various periplasmic lyases which dictate glycosaminoglycan metabolic pathways; understanding of endo sulfatase activity questioning the paradigm of how the ‘sulfation problem’ is handled by the HGM; and 3D crystal structures of the polysaccharide utilisation loci encoded sulfatases. Together with comparative genomic studies, our study fills major gaps in our knowledge of glycosaminoglycan metabolism by the HGM.
miR-548x and miR-4698 controlled cell proliferation by affecting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Glioblastoma cell lines
Authors: kalhori Mohammad Reza , Arefian Ehsan , Fallah Atanaki Fereshteh , Kavousi Kaveh , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and prevalent form of brain tumor cancers that originate from glial cells. This study proposed to investigate the effect of miR-548x and miR-4698 on the proliferation and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in glioblastoma cell lines. The molecular features of glioblastoma were studied using KEGG and TCGA sites. Next, by using miRwalk 2.0 and TargetScan version 7.1, the microRNAs that target critical genes in the PI3k/AKT pathway were selected according to score. The pre-miR-548x and pre-miR-4698 were cloned in a pCDH plasmid to produced lentiviral vector. The expression levels of miR-548x, miR-4698 and target genes were detected by qRT-PCR. The MTT, cell cycle, annexin and colony formation assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. MiR-548x and miR-4698 predicted target genes (Rheb, AKT1, mTOR, PDK1) were also evaluated by luciferase assay. The expression of AKT was detected by western blotting. Our results described that overexpression of miR-548x and miR-4698 could inhibit proliferation of A-172 and U251 cells. Also, miR-548x promoted the cell cycle arrest of GBM cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay results showed the 3′ UTR of PDK1, RHEB, and mTOR are direct targets of the miR-548x and miR-4698. Too, the western blot analysis revealed that miR-548x and miR-4698 could downregulate the AKT1 protein expression. Overall, our findings suggest that miR-548x and miR-4698 could function as tumor suppressor genes in glioblastoma by controlling the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and may act as gene therapy for clinical treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
From LaH10 to room–temperature superconductors
Authors: Kostrzewa M. , Szczęśniak K. M. , Durajski A. P. , Szczęśniak R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThermodynamic parameters of the LaH10 superconductor were an object of our interest. LaH10 is characterised by the highest experimentally observed value of the critical temperature: $${{\boldsymbol{T}}}_{{\boldsymbol{C}}}^{{\boldsymbol{a}}}={\bf{215}}$$TCa=215 K (pa = 150 GPa) and $${{\boldsymbol{T}}}_{{\boldsymbol{C}}}^{b}={\bf{260}}$$TCb=260 K (pb = 190 GPa). It belongs to the group of superconductors with a strong electron-phonon coupling (λa ~ 2.2 and λb ~ 2.8). We calculated the thermodynamic parameters of this superconductor and found that the values of the order parameter, the thermodynamic critical field, and the specific heat differ significantly from the values predicted by the conventional BCS theory. Due to the specific structure of the Eliashberg function for the hydrogenated compounds, the qualitative analysis suggests that the superconductors of the LaδX1−δH10-type (LaXH-type) structure, where X ∈ {Sc, Y}, would exhibit significantly higher critical temperature than TC obtained for LaH10. In the case of LaScH we came to the following assessments: $${{\boldsymbol{T}}}_{{\boldsymbol{C}}}^{{\boldsymbol{a}}}\in \left\langle {\bf{220}},{\bf{267}}\right\rangle $$TCa∈220,267 K and $${{\boldsymbol{T}}}_{{\boldsymbol{C}}}^{{\boldsymbol{b}}}\in \left\langle {\bf{263}},{\bf{294}}\right\rangle $$TCb∈263,294 K, while the results for LaYH were: $${{\boldsymbol{T}}}_{{\boldsymbol{C}}}^{{\boldsymbol{a}}}\in \left\langle {\bf{218}},{\bf{247}}\right\rangle $$TCa∈218,247 K and $${{\boldsymbol{T}}}_{{\boldsymbol{C}}}^{{\boldsymbol{b}}}\in \left\langle {\bf{261}},{\bf{274}}\right\rangle $$TCb∈261,274 K.
Model Predictive Control for Finite Input Systems using the D-Wave Quantum Annealer
Authors: Inoue Daisuke , Yoshida Hiroaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe D-Wave quantum annealer has emerged as a novel computational architecture that is attracting significant interest, but there have been only a few practical algorithms exploiting the power of quantum annealers. Here we present a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm using a quantum annealer for a system allowing a finite number of input values. Such an MPC problem is classified as a non-deterministic polynomial-time-hard combinatorial problem, and thus real-time sequential optimization is difficult to obtain with conventional computational systems. We circumvent this difficulty by converting the original MPC problem into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem, which is then solved by the D-Wave quantum annealer. Two practical applications, namely stabilization of a spring-mass-damper system and dynamic audio quantization, are demonstrated. For both, the D-Wave method exhibits better performance than the classical simulated annealing method. Our results suggest new applications of quantum annealers in the direction of dynamic control problems.
Downregulation of testosterone production through luteinizing hormone receptor regulation in male rats exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol
Authors: Lin Po-Han , Kuo Tsung-Hsien , Chen Chih-Chieh , Jian Cai-Yun , Chen Chien-Wei , Wang Kai-Lee , Kuo Yuh-Chen , Shen Heng-Yi , Hsia Shih-Min , Wang Paulus S. , Lieu Fu-Kong , Wang Shyi-Wu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe pharmaceutical 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) is considered as an endocrine-disrupting chemical that interferes with male reproduction and hormonal activation. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying EE2-regulatory testosterone release in vitro and in vivo. The results show that EE2 treatment decreased testosterone release from rat Leydig cells. Treatment of rats with EE2 reduced plasma testosterone levels and decreased the sensitivity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). EE2 reduced luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) expression associated with decreased cAMP generation by downregulation of adenylyl cyclase activity and decreased intracellular calcium-mediated pathways. The expression levels of StAR and P450scc were decreased in Leydig cells by treatment of rats with EE2 for 7 days. The sperm motility in the vas deferens and epididymis was reduced, but the histopathological features of the testis and the total sperm number of the vas deferens were not affected. Moreover, the serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level was decreased by treatment with EE2. The prostate gland and seminal vesicle atrophied significantly, and their expression level of 5α-reductase type II was reduced after EE2 exposure. Taken together, these results demonstrate an underlying mechanism of EE2 to downregulate testosterone production in Leydig cells, explaining the damaging effects of EE2 on male reproduction.