bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MENGGAGAS MODEL IMPLEMENTASI KOMPETENSI LEADERSHIP GURU PAI DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN BUDAYA RELIGIUS SEKOLAH
Authors: Sa'diah Maemunah 
Published: January 2020

<p>Wajah manis globalisasi telah diterima secara terbuka oleh semua kalangan, namun wajah angkernya juga tidak dapat dihindari. Merupakan satu kenyataan bahwa tidak sedikit peserta didik sekolah menengah pertama yang terpapar berbagai kasus yang memprihatinkan. Guru PAI menjadi tumpuan semua pihak agar budaya religius berkembang dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan model pelaksanaan kompetensi kepemimpinan yang dilakukan oleh guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam mengembangkan budaya religius di sekolah. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih utuh terhadap dua variabel penelitian yaitu:variabel X (kompetensi kepemimpinan GPAI) dan variabel Y (mengembangkan budaya religius sekolah. Sample penelitian adalah peserta didik, guru PAI, kepala sekolah. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Tahap pertama dilakukan penyebaran angket terhadap 262 kemudian diperdalam dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan budaya religius di lima sekolah telah tumbuh dengan baik, sedangkan pengembangannya masih membutuhkan upaya masimal dari semua pihak khususnya GPAI yang secara langsung bertanggung jawab terhadap berkembangnya budaya religius di sekolah. Sejumlah kendala juga ditemukan baik dari sisi kebijakan yang belum berpihak terhadap penerapan kompetensi <em>leadership </em>GPAI secara maksimal, strategi maupun pengembangan program kerja yang belum optimal. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan model untuk pelaksanaan kompetensi GPAI dalam mengembangkan budaya religius di sekolah seperti digambarkan dalam tabel 3.</p>
El turismo de aventura como impacto socioeconomico en el canton La Mana
Authors: Carrasco Ruano Yolanda Tatiana 
Published: January 2020

El Ecuador es reconocido por practicar el turismo de aventura ya que es un pequeño paraíso por su biodiversidad y su riqueza de climas y paisajes. Famoso por sus volcanes atractivos como los Illinizas, el Cotopaxi, Cayambe y Chimborazo, y por sus caminatas entre los picos nevados de los Andes ecuatorianos, el Ecuador cuenta también con una maravillosa cultura llena de historias y leyendas.
De todas las montañas de los Andes ecuatorianos, las mejor conocidas son Cayambe (5.789m), Cotopaxi (5,897m) y Chimborazo (6,310m). Para alcanzar estas grandes alturas una buena aclimatación es indispensable a fin de disfrutar de las ascensiones plenamente. Por esta razón ofrecemos una escuela de glaciar y caminatas por los picos más bajos, y en los días de descanso, paseos a las aguas termales de las tierras altas. En todos estos viajes será acompañado por guías profesionales que se distinguen por su constante atención a la seguridad.
Para aquellos que quieran tener una experiencia en los fascinantes paisajes de los Andes, ofrecemos una selección de excursiones de senderismo a través de las regiones más bellas de nuestro país. Si gusta de la naturaleza virgen y disfrutar de camping, considere nuestros programas de senderismo. Durante nuestras excursiones incluimos experimentados guías, transporte todo-terreno, entradas, alimentación y equipo de campamento.
Las mujeres universitarias embarazadas y el factor que incide en su avance y el rendimiento académico
Authors: Velasteguí López Efraín 
Published: January 2020

El embarazo adolescente en ecuador es un mayor porcentaje donde el instituto ecuatoriano de estadística y censos muestra en el año 2014 43.3% de mujeres embarazadas tomando en cuenta que son menores de 15 años y el 3% señoritas de 17 años y mamas de 18 a 19 años y según los informes de cada 43% adolescentes de 12 a 19 años son madres. La planificación familiar permite a las parejas tener una mayor oportunidad para la reflexión sobre sus hijos ya que facilitara un mejor desarrollo de la economía ya que la planificación familiar es parte del esfuerzo se supervivencia infantil por existen casos que algunos adolescentes provocan el embarazo de temprana edad o algunos llegan hijos a cada año o hijos no deseados están al propenso de abandono o descuido que puede llegar al aborto. El nuevo estudio de estado anídense afirma promover el acceso gratuito de anticonceptivos y otros medicamentos para combatir el embarazo y acudir con las clases de educación sexual para prestar un mejor conocimiento sobre el sexo aunque los anticonceptivos no son muy seguros para combatir el embarazo el implante cuenta con más seguridad y prevenir el embarazo adolescente.
El embarazo es un problema de salud como las universidades suelen caerse y cada vez más universitarias de cada región suelen embarazarse sin embargo es una problemática que trae dificultades en el rendimiento académico. Este estudio es basado en una realidad de las madres y padres solteros de las universidades que merecen seguir el estudio en el ecuador ya que plantea la creación de guarderías universitarias para que las madres puedan graduarse si ningún problema debido al embarazo.
Las ventajas y desventajas del internet en la sociedad
Authors: Velasteguí López Efraín 
Published: January 2020

La finalidad de este trabajo es describir y analizar las ventajas y desventajas del internet en la sociedad, ya que es una red global que influye mucho en la actualidad, este está presente en muchos hogares, instituciones públicas, privadas, centros educativos. El internet también es cuenta como me de comunicación ya que podemos enviar mensajes, hacer llamadas videos llamadas, aparte de esto también nos ayuda con catálogos de biblioteca, hacer compras en aspectos positivos.
Pero también existen aspectos negativos es decir desventajas como el abuso de ciertas redes sociales e incluso el mal uso de aquellas, cabe recalcar que no solo son las redes sociales sino también con ciertos estafadores que se hacen pasar por personas que no son en realidad. El internet, y específicamente hablando de las redes sociales, permiten que nuestra información les sea facilitada a personas que no conocemos pero que sus intenciones son perjudiciales para nuestra integridad y el bienestar de nuestra familia.
Sin lugar a dudas, el internet y las redes sociales revolucionaron la forma de comunicarse, ya que permitió potenciar la simultaneidad e inmediatez de la información, pero, principalmente, por la posibilidad de “subir”, sistematizar y clasificar información en un espacio virtual común. En la actualidad no se habla de medios de comunicación, sino de medios de difusión, pasando así de un esquema tradicional a un proceso interactivo, cambiante y dinámico.
Una red social es un espacio creado virtualmente para facilitar la interacción entre personas. Son lugares en Internet donde las personas o usuarios publican y comparten todo tipo de información, personal o profesional, con otras personas, conocidos y absolutos desconocidos.
En este informe de investigación vamos a hablar de todos estos aspectos negativos y positivos que de una u otra forma influyen mucho en la vida cotidiana de la sociedad para bien o para mal. El internet facilita la información, como ventaja, pero hay que tener en consideración otros factores que se relacionan casi directamente como las redes sociales como la mal información
El turismo en la naturaleza retos y oportunidades
Authors: Velasteguí López Efraín 
Published: January 2020

Se en tiende que el turismo en la naturaleza es la organización de rutas, itinerarios, logística, infraestructura, trasporte, capacitación, y el compromiso de respetar y no alterar su forma original, pero no actuando como meros espectadores sino interactuando con cada detalle que nos brinda la naturaleza, en permanente movimiento para que la experiencia se disfrute en todo el recorrido realizado en el entorno natural y durante el tiempo de estancia.
El poner en marcha todo el proceso representa uno de los mayores retos tanto en lo logístico y económico como para la toma de decisiones sobre medidas de protección para los ecosistemas que se encuentran en estos espacios turísticos que ya de por si son muy vulnerables y sensibles.
Las leyes que existen para cuidar y proteger estas áreas se deben aplicar y comunicárselas a los turistas de forma oportuna para que entienda la importancia de colaborar con el cuidado de estas áreas.
Ecuador es biodiverso con ecosistemas únicos y el mayor número de especies por metro cuadrados en el planeta y es por demás una de las mayores fortalezas, pues nos brinda hermosos atractivos que no existen en otros países y que pueden ser explotados de forma responsable con los debidos cuidados y procesos para no causar daños al medio ambiente.
También debemos responsabilizarnos de manera directa orientando recursos fruto de la actividad turística para ser utilizados en los cuidados de los sitios y lugares dando lugar a la sostenibilidad, garantizando la perduración de estas maravillas naturales y puedan ser disfrutados pon barias generaciones.
Hearing and Kidney: Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease on Various Auditory Parameters – Results from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Jain Deepak , Aggarwal HK , Bhatia Shailesh , Bhutani Jaikrit 
Published: January 2020

Background: An association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hearing loss was first described in patients with Alport syndrome. Patients with CKD develop sensorineural hearing loss with the progression of the disease. Studies using BAER as an index of auditory function among patients with CKD showed evidence of various degrees of auditory dysfunction.
Materials and methods: 100 adult CKD patients (stage 3 – 5 and 5D) and 50 controls were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed and all the patients and controls underwent Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) evaluation.
Results: When hearing thresholds were compared between the patients and controls PTA showed an increase in hearing threshold in all patient groups. This increase was more noticeable at higher frequencies (4 and 8 kHz). Compared with healthy controls, a highly significant delay was observed in CKD patients in both absolute and interpeak latencies in BAER in the present study.
Conclusion: The present study provides a concrete evidence to the otherwise disputed relation of auditory function in CKD proving that hearing is permanently affected by ESRD at all levels of the auditory neural pathway.
J MEDICINE JAN 2020; 21 (1) : 31-35
EEG as a Predictor of Poorly- Controlled Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Rahman Md Mizanur 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:The aim of the present study was to determine electroencephalographic factors associated with poorly controlled epilepsy.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed from January 2007 to December 2008 at Paediatric Neurology outpatient department in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, among the children with epilepsy of 7 months to 15 years age who had history of at least 6 months treatment with rational antiepileptic drugs daily with adequate compliance. There were two groups of patients; group 1, consisted of 50 poorly controlled epilepsy patients and group 2, comprised 50 well-controlled epilepsy patients. We retrospectively reviewed EEGs and medical records from these children. Features of initial EEGs findings were compared between the two groups.
Results: Significant electroencephalographic predictors of poorly controlled epilepsy were: abnormal initial EEG (p=0.025), EEG background abnormality (p<0.001), frequent sharp wave/spike (p<0.001) and hypsarrhythmia (p=0.046). No significant difference was noticed between the two groups in respect to the location of spikes/ sharp waves. With multiple logistic regression, independent predictors of poor seizure control were EEG background abnormality and frequent sharp wave/spike.
Conclusion: The study showed several Electroencehalographic factors that can be identified early in the course of childhood epilepsy which can predict development of poor seizure control. Knowledge of these factors will help us to discriminate our patients and pay more attention to those at risk of developing poorly controlled epilepsy.
Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 15-20
Estimation of Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain & Rheumatic Disorders in a Rural Community of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Moshiour , Islam AKM Mazharul , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Islam Md Rafiqul , Liza Dilruba Yesmin , Kibria Md Golam 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Rheumatic disorders are one of the largest health problems in the world both in developed & developing countries. They are the most common causes of chronic health problems and long term physical disability, work loss and loss of income. The study was conducted among the 15 plus years aged people in selected areas based on broad objective of exploring the prevalence of rheumatic disorders.
Materials and Methods: It was an Observational cross sectional study. The study was conducted among the people of nineteen small villages of Sonargaon upazilla in Narayanganj district, Bangladesh. This study was conducted From January 2010 to December 2011. All subjects of the defined area aged  15 years were included in this study.
Results: The point prevalence rate of definite rheumatic disorders was 23.7%. Age, sex and occupations were associated with the overall prevalence rate. The prevalence was higher (51.8%) in older aged (65years and above) population. Females (34.5%) were affected more than males (18.6%) in this rural area.
Conclusion: These diseases are associated with some form of disability and work loss, as well as loss of income. More community- based studies with the design for the identification of associate’s factors for individual rheumatic disease are needed. So that appropriate messages can be given to the community for prevention and treatment of rheumatic disorders.
Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 33-36
The Association between Glucose Levels and Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ahmed Saleh , Bordhan Pritam , Imam Hasan , Salma Umme 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth most common cause of death in the world and will become the third most common in a few years. Identification of prognostic factors may lead to improved treatment strategies and clinical outcomes for COPD. To find out the association between glucose levels and hospital outcomes in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out different privet and public hospital in Chandpur. The information reported in this manuscript was collected during three separate projects in the same hospital. The first cohort included 35 COPD patients admitted for an acute exacerbation to a non-ICU bed to determine if there was a relationship between corticosteroid dosage and hyperglycemia. The second cohort included 210 COPD patients with acute exacerbations who were admitted to the MICU to determine factors associated with mortality and LOS. The third cohort included 105 COPD patients who were monitored for re-admission within 30 days after discharge for an acute exacerbation.
Results: Mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, nursing home, pleural effusion and intubation were statistically significant (p<0.05) between two group. Intubation had 5.318 (95% CI 2.578 to 11.721) times increase in odds having length of stay. Intubation was significantly associated with length of stay.
Conclusion: Mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, nursing home, pleural effusion and intubation were statistically significant between in hospital deaths group and survivors group.
Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 62-66
Prevalence of health shocks and the influencing factors: evidence from rural Bangladesh
Authors: Rakib Muntaha 
Published: January 2020

To explore the factors associated with the prevalence of health shocks faced by low income people in rural Bangladesh is the major focus of the paper. This paper uses the country representative data called Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) which covers the period 2015 conducted by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). A simple Probit regression was performed to explore factors associated with the incidence of health shocks, particularly illness and skipping work due to illness. Several influencing factors of health shock exposure are identified; such as household characteristics, health care access and supply-side indicators such as accessibility to different facilities. The study finds that households prevalence to health shocks and experiences of illness are positively associated with increase in consumption while less educated and less affluent households are more hardly affected by health shocks. Access to medical facilities apart from access to financial markets is among the other major influencing factors of health shock prevalence. The finding of the paper is expected to provide evidence for policy-makers in designing health protection mechanisms and targeting the affected people.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 363-371, December 2019
Household food security through dairy farming in Sirajganj district, Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md Shajahan , Modok Manasi , Shahidullah - , Akther Rahima 
Published: January 2020

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to maintain healthy and productive lives. This study was carried out to investigate the household food security status of dairy farmer at three villages of Shahjadpur Upazila of Sirajganj District. This study was based on primary data and a semi-structured interview schedule was used for collecting data during January to March 2018. Data were collected from a random sample of 60 where the total dairy farmers were 240. Food security status of household of dairy farmer was measured on the basis of their per capita calorie consumption per day. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient Correlation (r) was computed to explore the relationship of the respondents selected characteristics and their food security status. It is 40% percent moderately food secured per year, 25% household had food secured per year and 35% households were low food secured per year. Dairy farmer’s Annual income, training, experience, credit received had a significant positive relationship with their household food security status. The Findings of the study would be helpful for policy makers. Government and non-government organizations work for development of tribal people; this study may help them achieve their goal. It will be helpful for the government to ensure their food security in the sense that they may be aware of the food insecure situation if the findings of the study are revealed to them
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 379-387, December 2019
Association of HER-2 Expression with Age, Tumour Size, Grade, Differentiation and Lymph Node Deposit in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Ferdousi Sharmin , Badruddoza Shah Md , Asafuddullah SM 
Published: January 2020

Breast Cancer incidence is increasing, but its mortality has started to decrease. The existence of strong reliable prognostic and predictive factors is of utmost importance to the practicing clinician. Some factors are only prognostic such as age, tumor size, and lymph node status, while others are both prognostic and predictive such as hormone receptors and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER’s-2) status. This study was done to see the association of HER-2 positivity with age, tumour size, grade, differentiation and lymph node deposit in breast cancer patient. A cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted among 50 patients. Patient age range is from 22 to 64 years (mean 42.64 ± 10.26 years). Tumour size ranged from 1 to 8 cm (mean 4.39 ± 1.564cm). Well differentiated tumour was 20, moderately differentiated tumour was 18 cases and poorly differentiated was 12 cases. HER-2/neu negative included 35(70%) cases and positive included 15(30%) cases. In this study it was found that the association between age groups and tumour differentiation with HER-2/neu status was statistically significant (p= <0.05).
TAJ 2019; 32(2): 14-21
Completion Thyroidectomy for Initially Misdiagnosed Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma-Study of 51 cases
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Kamal Abu Hena Mostafa , Haque Muhammad Mahamudul , Islam Md Safiul , Islam Md Asadul , Sarkar Subrata Ranjan 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Completion thyroidectomy is the removal of any residual thyroid tissue that remains after a less than total thyroidectomy. This procedure is usually done when the final histopathlogy of the excised ipsilateral thyroid lobe reveals papillary or follicular carcinoma.
Objective: A retrospective analysis was done of patients undergoing completion thyroidectomy for thyroid malignancy who had undergone surgery elsewhere for solitary thyroid nodule. The incidence of complications in these patients after re-operation was investigated in this study.
Material and Method: Our study included a total 51 patients who had undergone thyroid lobectomy for a solitary nodule as initial surgery in our hospital & elsewhere and were admitted in our hospital for completion thyroidectomy when histopathology revealed malignancy in last 5 years (2014-2018).
Result: In this study-51 patients were enrolled; among them 42 were female and 9 male. Their mean age was 33.6 years (range-17-59 years). After initial surgery, the histopathology revealed papillary carcinoma in 45 patients (88.24%), follicular carcinoma in 6 patients (11.76%). Four out of 51 patients had recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after initial surgery (7.8%). None of the patients had clinical hypocalcaemia after 1st surgery. Parathyroid glands are identified and preserved in all patients during completion thyroidectomy. No patient had additional recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 2nd surgery. Mean follow-up was one year. Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 9.8% patients, but no permanent hypoparathyroidism. Seven patients were lost to follow-up.
Conclusion: Completion thyroidectomy is a safe and appropriate procedure for the management of initially misdiagnosed differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
TAJ 2019; 32(2): 22-26
Incidence of Dental Caries in Relation with Cariogenic Food and Socioeconomic Status among Pediatric Patients
Authors: Rahman Md Shoyeb , Hasan Md Habibul , Hossain Md Abul , Asad Abul Kalam Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common oral health diseases among children all over the world and its consequences cause a lot of pain and suffering. In the present study the effect of cariogenic food and socio-economic status in the initiation of dental caries among pediatric patients was assessed.
Methodology: Data were collected with a pretested structured interview schedule from 370 participants and their parents attending dental unit, Rajshahi medical college from July 2017 to December 2018. Oral examination was done by dental mirror and probe under sufficient light to find out the dental caries among the children. Data were analyzed using SPSS method.
Results: 91.35% participants had dental caries. Multiple caries was found highest (56. 58%) in low socio-economic status. 68.38% participants regularly consumed the cariogenic food, of them multiple caries were found in 46.64%.
Discussion: The prevalence of dental caries among participants was found 91.35%. In the present study family income has influence on the dental caries. In the present study 68.38% participants regularly consumed sugar containing food items and among them multiple carious teeth were found in 46.64% participants.
Conclusion: Incidence of dental caries is very high among the children of low socio-economic status and who take cariogenic food frequently specially sugar containing food.
TAJ 2019; 32(2): 43-47