bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide over SnO2‐Nanodot Catalysts
Authors: Hu Congling , Li Lulu , Deng Wanyu , Zhang Gong , Zhu Wenjin , Yuan Xintong , Zhang Lei , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Gong Jinlong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of electrochemical CO2conversion allows green carbon utilization. Formate and syngas are two typical products of electrochemical CO2reduction, and the coproduction of these two products will maximize the energy efficiency of CO2conversion. However, few works have successfully achieved the cogeneration of formate and syngas. This paper describes a novel strategy to maximize the efficiency of CO2conversion through coproduction of formate and syngas on ultrasmall SnO2nanodots (NDs) homogeneously anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNT#SnO2NDs) electrodes. The CNT#SnO2NDs not only decreased the adsorption energy of *OCHO but also reduced the adsorption energy difference of *COOH and *H. High energy efficiency toward formate and adjustable H2/CO ratio were obtained over a broad potential window with long‐term stability. In addition, CNT#SnO2NDs and Ir foil were coupled together to construct an electrolyzer for electrochemical CO2reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (CO2ERR–OER), which also produced formate and syngas with 24 h stability. A promising approach is presented for the electrochemical CO2conversion in fuel production.
Effectiveness of revascularisation of the ulcerated foot in patients with diabetes and peripheral artery disease: A systematic review
Authors: Forsythe Rachael O. , Apelqvist Jan , Boyko Edward J. , Fitridge Robert , Hong Joon P. , Katsanos Konstantinos , Mills Joseph L. , Nikol Sigrid , Reekers Jim , Venermo Maarit , Zierler R. Eugene , Hinchliffe Robert J. , Schaper Nicolaas C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn patients with diabetes, foot ulceration and peripheral artery disease (PAD), it is often difficult to determine whether, when and how to revascularise the affected lower extremity. The presence of PAD is a major risk factor for non‐healing and yet clinical outcomes of revascularisation are not necessarily related to technical success. The International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot updated systematic review on the effectiveness of revascularisation of the ulcerated foot in patients with diabetes and PAD is comprised of 64 studies describing >13 000 patients. Amongst 60 case series and 4 non‐randomised controlled studies, we summarised clinically relevant outcomes and found them to be broadly similar between patients treated with open vs endovascular therapy. Following endovascular revascularisation, the 1 year and 2 year limb salvage rates were 80% (IQR 78‐82%) and 78% (IQR 75‐83%), whereas open therapy was associated with rates of 85% (IQR 80‐90%) at 1 year and 87% (IQR 85‐88%) at 2 years, however these results were based on a varying combination of studies and cannot therefore be interpreted as cumulative. Overall, wound healing was achieved in a median of 60% of patients (IQR 50‐69%) at 1 year in those treated by endovascular or surgical therapy, and the major amputation rate of endovascular vs open therapy was 2% vs 5% at 30 days, 10% vs 9% at 1 year and 13% vs 9% at 2 years. For both strategies, overall mortality was found to be high, with 2% (1‐6%) perioperative (or 30 day) mortality, rising sharply to 13% (9‐23%) at 1 year, 29% (19‐48%) at 2 years and 47% (39‐71%) at 5 years. Both the angiosome concept (revascularisation directly to the area of tissue loss via its main feeding artery) or indirect revascularisation through collaterals, appear to be equally effective strategies for restoring perfusion. Overall, the available data do not allow us to recommend one method of revascularisation over the other and more studies are required to determine the best revascularisation approach in diabetic foot ulceration.
Detection of dairy fouling by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry
Authors: Fysun Olga , Khorshid Sara , Rauschnabel Johannes , Langowski Horst‐Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFouling in food processing environment can cause the increase of production costs due to additional cleaning steps and risk of contamination of food products. There is a demand to introduce advanced techniques to detect fouling in food processing equipment. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were probed in this work to detect the dairy fouling and the reconstructed dairy emulsion by platinum‐based interdigitated microelectrodes. The results demonstrated that both methods can potentially be used for the fouling detection, since the attachment of fouling to the microelectrode surface leads to lower current responses compared to the clean microelectrodes.
Lipoprotein‐Like Nanoparticle Carrying Small Interfering RNA Against Spalt‐Like Transcription Factor 4 Effectively Targets Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Decreases Tumor Burden
Authors: Cruz William , Huang Huang , Barber Brian , Pasini Elisa , Ding Lili , Zheng Gang , Chen Juan , Bhat Mamatha 
Published: March 2020

Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often unable to tolerate chemotherapy due to liver dysfunction in the setting of cirrhosis. We investigate high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐mimicking peptide phospholipid scaffold (HPPS), which are nanoparticles that capitalize on normal lipoprotein metabolism and transport, as a solution for directed delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) cargo into HCC cells. Spalt‐like transcription factor 4 (SALL4), a fetal oncoprotein expressed in aggressive HCCs, is specifically targeted as a case study to evaluate the efficacy of HPPS carrying siRNA cargo. HPPS containing different formulations of siRNA therapy against SALL4 were generated specifically for HCC cells. These were investigated both in vitro and in vivo using fluorescence imaging. HPPS‐SALL4 effectively bound to scavenger receptor, class B type 1 (SR‐BI) and delivered the siRNA cargo into HCC cells, as seen in vitro. HPPS‐SALL4 effectively inhibited HCC tumor growth (P < 0.05) and induced a 3‐fold increase in apoptosis of the cancer cells in vivo compared to HPPS‐scramble. Additionally, there was no immunogenicity associated with HPPS‐SALL4 as measured by cytokine production. Conclusion: We have developed unique HDL‐like nanoparticles that directly deliver RNA interference (RNAi) therapy against SALL4 into the cytosol of HCC cells, effectively inhibiting HCC tumor growth without any systemic immunogenicity. This therapeutic modality avoids the need for hepatic metabolism in this cancer, which develops in the setting of cirrhosis and liver dysfunction. These natural lipoprotein‐like nanoparticles with RNAi therapy are a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Posttraumatic growth among combat veterans and their siblings: A dyadic approach
Authors: Zerach Gadi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to use a dyadic approach to assess the effects of veterans' posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) and siblings' secondary PTSS, as well as veterans' and siblings' relationship quality, on primary and secondary posttraumatic growth (PTG).MethodA volunteers' sample of 106 dyads of Israeli combat veterans and their close‐in‐age siblings responded to self‐report questionnaires in a cross‐sectional, dyadic design study.ResultsVeterans' primary PTG was positively associated with siblings' secondary PTG. Veterans' PTSS and siblings' secondary PTSS were associated with higher levels of primary and secondary PTG, respectively. Furthermore, among veterans, warmth in siblings' relationships was associated with higher levels of primary PTG. However, among siblings, rivalry in sibling relationships was associated with lower levels of secondary PTG.ConclusionsBoth veterans' and siblings' PTSS are only related to their own PTG. Moreover, perception of siblings' relationship quality might have a differential effect on PTG among veterans and their siblings.
Examining attitudes towards mental health treatment and experiences with trauma: Understanding the needs of trauma‐exposed middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Hansen Marissa C. , Ghafoori Bita , Diaz Melanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMiddle‐aged and older adults who have been exposed to traumatic events may have specific developmental needs with respect to engagement in mental health treatment. The current study examined factors that potentially facilitate or inhibit attitudes towards mental health service use (ATMHSU) in a trauma‐exposed sample of treatment‐seeking adults of age 50 years and older. In this mixed‐methods study, quantitative data (N =  165) were analyzed to examine relationships with trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, quality of life (QOL), and ATMHSU. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted assessing similar constructs with a subsample of the data (n = 12). Regression analysis revealed higher QOL‐environmental well‐being as associated with more positive ATMHSU and higher QOL‐social support with more negative ATMHSU. Qualitative themes emerged around perceived distress in managing lifelong traumas due to challenges with functioning, coping, and accessing services. Emphasizing resources to help manage the impact of distress on daily life needs may support aging trauma‐exposed populations.
A multicenter study comparing the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation between cryoballoon and radiofrequency ablation in patients with heart failure (CRABL‐HF): Study design
Authors: Miyamoto Koji , Hasegawa Kanae , Takahashi Hiroki , Masue Yoh , Kataoka Naoya , Fukuzawa Koji , Ashikaga Keiichi , Noda Takashi , Satomi Kazuhiro , Tada Hiroshi , Takagi Masahiko , Yasuda Satoshi , Kusano Kengo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly performed worldwide in patients with heart failure (HF). However, it has been recently emphasized that AF ablation in patients with HF is associated with increased risks of procedure‐related complications and mortality. There are little data about the differences in the efficacy and safety between cryoballoon (CB) and radiofrequency (RF) ablation of AF in patients with HF.MethodsThe CRABL‐HF study is designed as a prospective, multicenter, open‐label, controlled, and randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of AF ablation between CB and RF ablation in patients with HF (LVEF ≤40%) (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000032433). The CRABL‐HF study will consist of 110 patients at multicenter in Japan. The patients will be registered and randomly assigned to either the CB ablation or RF ablation group with a 1:1 allocation. The primary endpoint of this study is the occurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) at 1 year with a blanking period of 90 days after ablation. Key secondary endpoints are the success rate of the pulmonary vein isolation, total procedural time, left atrial dwelling time, total fluoroscopy time, radiation exposure, complication rate, composite of all‐cause mortality or HF hospitalizations, cardiovascular events, change in left ventricular ejection fraction, and change in quality of life.ResultsThe results of this study are currently under investigation.ConclusionThe CRABL‐HF study is being conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation of AF between CB and RF ablation in patients with HF.
Increasing the pixel density for VR displays with a polarization grating
Authors: Zou Junyu , Zhan Tao , Xiong Jianghao , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn optical approach to increase the pixel density by using a Pancharatnam‐Berry deflector (PBD), which generates two virtual shifted‐pixel grids based on polarization multiplexing, is demonstrated. A three‐layer multi‐twist PBD is fabricated, which can achieve high diffraction efficiency, broad bandwidth, and large incident angle in the visible spectral region.
Observation of Local Symmetry in a Photonic System
Authors: Schmitt Nora , Weimann Steffen , Morfonios Christian V. , Röntgen Malte , Heinrich Matthias , Schmelcher Peter , Szameit Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe concept of local symmetry has been shown to be a powerful tool in predicting and designing complex transport phenomena in stationary scattering off aperiodic media, in terms of symmetry‐adapted nonlocal currents. For time‐evolving wavepackets, the spatiotemporal correlations caused by local symmetries are more challenging to reveal. A recent formalism‐based nonlocal continuity equation shows how local symmetries are encoded into the dynamics of light propagation in discrete waveguide arrays governed by a Schrödinger equation. However, the experimental demonstration is elusive so far. Representative examples of locally symmetric, globally symmetric, and fully nonsymmetric configurations are fabricated in fs laser‐written photonic arrays and their dynamics are probed. The approach allows to distinguish all three types of structures.
On the Herbrand functional interpretation
Authors: Oliva Paulo , Xu Chuangjie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe show that the types of the witnesses in the Herbrand functional interpretation can be simplified, avoiding the use of “sets of functionals” in the interpretation of implication and universal quantification. This is done by presenting an alternative formulation of the Herbrand functional interpretation, which we show to be equivalent to the original presentation. As a result of this investigation we also strengthen the monotonicity property of the original presentation, and prove a monotonicity property for our alternative definition.
A continuation principle for Fredholm maps II: application to homoclinic solutions
Authors: Pötzsche Christian , Skiba Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhen studying the behavior of autonomous ordinary differential equations under time‐dependent perturbations vanishing for , their equilibria generically persist locally as homoclinic solutions. Using an abstract and flexible continuation theorem, we find even global branches of such homoclinic solutions for parametrized nonautonomous ordinary differential equations. Our approach is based on degree‐theoretical arguments. In particular, Landesman–Lazer conditions are proposed to obtain the existence of homoclinic solutions by means of a nonzero degree.
On the Borisov–Nuer conjecture and the image of the Enriques‐to‐K3 map
Authors: Aprodu Marian , Kim Yeongrak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe discuss the Borisov–Nuer conjecture in connection with the canonical maps from the moduli spaces of polarized Enriques surfaces with fixed to the moduli space of polarized K3 surfaces of genus g with , and we exhibit a naturally defined locus . One direct consequence of the Borisov–Nuer conjecture is that would be contained in a particular Noether–Lefschetz divisor in , which we call the Borisov–Nuer divisor and we denote by . In this short note, we prove that is non‐empty whenever is divisible by 4. To this end, we construct polarized Enriques surfaces , with divisible by 4, which verify the conjecture. In particular, when we consider the moduli space of (numerically) polarized Enriques surfaces which contains such , the conjecture also holds for any other polarized Enriques surface contained in the same moduli.
Large‐scale magnetic resonance simulations: A tutorial
Authors: Concilio Maria Grazia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractComputational modeling is becoming an essential tool in magnetic resonance to design and optimize experiments, test the performance of theoretical models, and interpret experimental data. Recent theoretical research and software development made possible simulations of large spin systems, for example, proteins with thousands of spins, in reasonable time. In the last few years, the Fokker–Planck formalism also re‐emerged due to its ability to handle spatial dynamics. The purpose of this tutorial is to describe advantages and disadvantages of the most common formalisms, the latest developments and strategies to improve the computational efficiency, and to guide users in the setting up of a simulation using theSpinachsoftware.
Time estimation in a case of Tourette's syndrome: Effect of antipsychotic medications
Authors: Inagawa Takuma , Ueda Natsuki , Nakagome Kazuyuki , Sumiyoshi Tomiki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsDopamine (DA) hyperactivity causes overestimation of time, whereas DA hypoactivity produces its underestimation. DA activity also provides neurochemical substrates pertinent to several psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome. The overestimation of time sometimes exists in patients with Tourette's syndrome, but no reports have addressed time perception in relation to antipsychotic medications which typically act as DA receptor antagonists. We herein report a case of Tourette's syndrome, in which time estimation was differentially affected by risperidone (a DA antagonist) and aripiprazole (a DA partial agonist).CaseA 27‐year‐old man who suffered from verbal and motor tics was treated with risperidone. His tic symptoms disappeared; however, he began to experience a strange feeling that “time is going too fast.” For example, “people walk more quickly compared to a normal pace.” These complaints were thought to represent underestimation of time. Then, risperidone was switched to oral aripiprazole to optimize DA transmissions, which resulted in the amelioration of these subjective feelings.ConclusionOur observations indicate that the underestimation of time may occur in patients with Tourette's syndrome who receive antipsychotic drugs with high DA D2 receptor blocking potency. This may support the concept that the estimation of time is influenced by DA activity.
Mediating role of body‐related shame and guilt in the relationship between weight perceptions and lifestyle behaviours
Authors: Lucibello K. M. , Sabiston C. M. , O'Loughlin E. K. , O'Loughlin J. L. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIntroductionA substantial proportion of individuals with overweight or obesity perceive themselves as ‘too heavy’ relative to ‘about right’. Perceiving one's weight as ‘too heavy’ is associated with lower levels of physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behaviour. However, the mechanisms underpinning the associations between weight perception and lifestyle behaviours have not been identified. Based on theoretical tenets and empirical evidence, the self‐conscious emotions of shame and guilt may mediate these associations.MethodsParticipants were young adults (n = 618, Mage = 24.0 ± .6 years) who provided data on weight, weight perception, body‐related shame and guilt, physical activity and screen time.ResultsMediation analyses using the PROCESS macro indicated that shame and guilt significantly mediated the relationships between weight perception and physical activity and shame significantly mediated the relationship between weight perception and screen time.ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary evidence that self‐conscious emotions may be mechanisms by which weight perception influences physical activity and sedentary behaviour in young adults. However, longitudinal investigations of this mechanism are needed.
PV field reliability status—Analysis of 100 000 solar systems
Authors: Jordan Dirk C. , Marion Bill , Deline Chris , Barnes Teresa , Bolinger Mark 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed annual production data from 100 000 photovoltaic systems as well as comments relating to their performance and maintenance. Our analysis revealed that 80% to 90% of all systems performed within 10% of the predicted production or better. Also, 56% of the systems were still performing above P50 or the median at 5 years. However, a small but significant tail of about 7000 systems perform below P90 expectations. In general, residential systems have a lower rate of failure than utility or commercial systems. Despite higher rates of component failures, utility systems lose less power than residential or commercial systems. This outcome is likely due to closer monitoring and better operations and maintenance practices. Inverters are still the components that reportedly fail most often (4%‐6%), but other failures such as unspecified repair and meters cause more production loss. Reported module failures are relatively rare (0.2%) and are within the range of historical values. Installation quality affects performance and safety as indicated by data showing connector, wiring, breaker, and fuse failures due to undersizing, electrical design, and improper connection. Lastly, early detection of degradation and proactive response resulted in less impact on production than reactive, unplanned repairs.
Rethinking furosemide use for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Segar Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiuretics are commonly administered to infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to improve respiratory function despite the absence of prospective data demonstrating long term benefits. While many potentially adverse effects of furosemide are known to clinicians, its direct and indirect impact on multiple pathophysiological processes need to be understood. While furosemide likely has a role in the management of infants with BPD, clinicians are encouraged to recognize these potential complications associated with furosemide administration. Specifically, a deeper understanding of the impact of diuretics on sodium metabolism neurohumoral regulation of cardiopulmonary physiology is required.
Thymidine‐auxotrophic Staphylococcus aureus small‐colony variant bacteremia in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: de Souza Dilair C. , Cogo Laura L. , Palmeiro Jussara K. , Dalla‐Costa Libera M. , de Oliveira Tomaz Ana P. , Riedi Carlos A. , Rosario Filho Nelson A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmall‐colony variants (SCVs) are a morphologic subtype of Staphylococcus aureus that may occur through several mechanisms including auxotrophism for thymidine, hemin, or menadione. Auxotrophic SCV for thymidine fail to synthesize DNA specifically because of mutations in the thymidylate synthase gene. We isolated S. aureus thymidine‐dependent SCVs (TD‐SCV) from blood and respiratory samples of a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary exacerbation.MethodsNutritional dependence of SCVs on hemin, menadione, and thymidine was evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed through broth microdilution. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out for mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, and msrB resistance genes. DNA sequencing was used to determine mutations in thyA and the multilocus sequence typing to identify genetic relatedness.ResultsMethicillin‐sensitive S. aureus with normal and TD‐SCV phenotypes were isolated from respiratory samples and a TD‐SCV phenotype was isolated from blood culture. Macrolides resistance was attributed to ermC and msrB genes. All isolates belonged to ST398. The thyA gene in S. aureus is 957 nucleotides in length and encodes a protein of 318 amino acids. The TD‐SCV isolates carried a −2 nt frameshift mutation (delta 667GC668) in thyA, creating a stop codon at residue 222 close to the predicted binding site for deoxyuridine monophosphate.ConclusionsThe pathogenesis of SCVs is complex and not fully elucidated. Factors inherent to the patient such as physiological conditions, recurrent infections, or coinfection should be considered. Although SCVs are considered less virulent, they showed the ability to invade and cause bacteremia in the patient.