bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Patterns and Associated Factors of HIV Seropositivity among Adults in Ethiopia from EDHS 2016: A Spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Hailu Bayuh Asmamaw , Tadese Fentaw , Bogale Getahun Gebre , Molla Asressie , Miheretu Birhan Asmame , Beyene Joseph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHIV is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Exploring the spatial pattern, distribution and associated factors of HIV Seropositivity is important to monitor, and design effective intervention programs. Therefore, this study showed associated factors and spatial variation of HIV Seropositivity in Ethiopia.MethodThis secondary data analysis, sampling technique and procedures were done by Ethiopipan Central Statistical Agency. A total sample of 25,774 individuals data were extracted from the 2016 EDHS data mainly HIV biomarkers, IR, MR, and GPS. Spatial heterogeneity analysis were done using tools like Morans I, Local G*, Interpolation, and Kulldorff’s scan statistic. The spatial analysis was carried out by using open source software (QGIS, GeoDa, SaTScan). Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to identify both individual and household level factors associated with HIV Seropositivity and the analysis was carried out by Stata 14. Finally AOR with 95% confidence interval of mixed-effect logistic regression result in the full model was used to report.ResultThe prevalence of HIV/AIDS was found 0.93% at the national level. The highest prevalence regions were Gambela, Addis Ababa, Harari, and Dire Dawa, which accounts for 4.79%, 3.36%, 2.65%, and 2.6%, respectively. Similarly, the most likely high-risk HIV Seropositivity spatial cluster was found in the Gambela region and Addis Ababa followed by Harari and Diredawa. In a multilevel analysis at the individual level being married [AOR = 2.19 95%CI: (1.11, 4.31)] and previously married [AOR = 6.45, 95%CI (3.06, 13.59)] were significantly associated with serropositivity. Regarding household level place of residence [urban: AOR = 6.13 CI: (3.12, 12.06)] were associated with HIV Seropositivity.ConclusionThe distribution of HIV cases was not random. High cluster HIV cases were found in Gambela, Addis Abeba, Harari, and Dire Dawa. At the individual level, some characters are high risk like being previously married, start sex at a younger age, female household headed, urban residence, and lower household size is more affected by HIV/AIDS. So any concerned bodywork around this risk group and area can be effective in the reduction of transmission.
­­­grapevine (Vitis Spp.) Rootstock Stilbenoid Associations With Host Resistance to and Induction by Root Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne Incognita
Authors: Wallis Christopher 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective:The root knot nematodes (RKN)Meloidogyne incognita can severely reduce grapevine yields over time. Grapevine rootstocks have been developed from wild Vitis species that provide resistance to nematode infections. However, the potential biochemical or mechanical mechanisms of resistance have not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, this study measured levels of stilbenoids in roots of non-infected and RKN-infected grapevines with Cabernet Sauvignon scion grafted to susceptible (O39-16) or resistant (Freedom) rootstocks. This was part of a larger effort to assess phenolic compound levels within grapevine rootstocks to determine roles of stilbenoidcompounds in improving nematode resistance and overall plant health.Results: None of the assessed compounds were consistently greater in RKN infected plants versus healthy controls. Stilbenoids putatively identified as pallidol, ɑ-viniferin, miyabenol C, and hopeaphenol were overall much greater in Freedom than O39-16 rootstocks. By contrast, the stilbenoids ampelopsin A, ω-viniferin, and vitisin B were greater in O39-16 than Freedom. O39-16 and Freedom had similar levels of other stilbenoids especially monomers and dimers. Potentially the greater levels of specific stilbenoids present in Freedom than O39-16 provided RKN resistance. If validated, breeding programs could utilize the increased presence of these compounds as a marker for increased resistance to nematodes.
Assessment of Tuberous Sclerosis-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders Using the MINI-KID tool: A Pediatric Cohort Study
Authors: Ding Yifeng , Wang Ji , Zhou Hao , Li Taoli , Zhou Shuizhen , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) has not been studied before in China. We aimed to assess TAND using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children (MINI-KID) in China.Results: A total of 81.05% of patients (77/95) had at least one TAND, and 70.53% (67/95) had an intellectual disability. The MINI-KID tool diagnosed a total of 15 neuropsychiatric diseases, the most common of which were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (51.58%, 49/95) and social anxiety disorder (41.05%, 39/95). The number of children with neuropsychiatric diseases in the TSC group was significantly greater than the numbers in the normal development group (P <0.0001). Epilepsy before the age of 2 years, an epilepsy duration exceeding 2 years, a seizure frequency of more than once a month, and use of more than 2 antiepileptic drugs were closely associated the occurrence of TAND.Conclusion: The MINI-KID can be used for the screening and diagnosis of TAND in children with TSC aged 6-16 years. The incidence of neuropsychiatric diseases in children with TSC can arrive at 81.05%. Early onset of epilepsy, long duration of epilepsy, frequent seizures, and refractory epilepsy are risk factors for TAND. Early, reasonable, and rapid control of seizures may reduce the risk of neuropsychiatric illness in children with epilepsy.
CFHR5 Genetic Variations and Serum Levels in Patients with Immune-Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and C3-Glomerulopathy
Authors: Garam Nóra , Cserhalmi Marcell , Prohászka Zoltán , Szilágyi Ágnes , Veszeli Nóra , Szabó Edina , Uzonyi Barbara , Iliás Attila , Aigner Christof , Schmidt Alice , Gaggl Martina , Sunder-Plassmann Gere , Bajcsi Dóra , Brunner Jürgen , Dumfarth Alexandra , Cejka Daniel , Flaschberger Stefan , Flögelova Hana , Haris Ágnes , Hartmann Ágnes , Heilos Andreas , Mueller Thomas , Rusai Krisztina , Arbeiter Klaus , Hofer Johannes , Jakab Dániel , Sinkó Mária , Szigeti Erika , Bereczki Csaba , Janko Viktor , Kelen Kata , Reusz György S. , Szabó Attila J. , Klenk Nóra , Kóbor Krisztina , Kojc Nika , Knechtelsdorfer Maarten , Laganovic Mario , Lungu Adrian Catalin , Meglic Anamarija , Rus Rina , Kersnik-Levart Tanja , Macioniene Ernesta , Miglinas Marius , Pawłowska Anna , Stompór Tomasz , Podracka Ludmila , Rudnicki Michael , Mayer Gert , Rysava Romana , Reiterova Jana , Saraga Marijan , Seeman Tomáš , Zieg Jakub , Sládková Eva , Stajic Natasa , Szabó Tamás , Capitanescu Andrei , Stancu Simona , Tisljar Miroslav , Galesic Kresimir , Tislér András , Vainumäe Inga , Windpessl Martin , Zaoral Tomas , Zlatanova Galia , Józsi Mihály , Csuka Dorottya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Factor H-related-5 (FHR-5) is a member of the complement Factor H protein family. Due to the homology to Factor H, the main complement regulator of the alternative pathway, it may also be implicated in pathomechanism of kidney diseases where Factor H and alternative pathway dysregulation play a role. Here, we report the first observational study on CFHR5 variations along with serum FHR-5 levels in immune-complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) patients together with the clinical, genetic, complement and follow-up data.Results: 120 patients with a histologically-proven diagnosis of IC-MPGN/C3G were enrolled in the study. FHR-5 serum levels were measured in ELISA, the CFHR5 gene was analyzed by Sanger-sequencing, and selected mutants were studied as recombinant proteins in ELISA and SPR.Eight relevant CFHR5 variations in 14 patients (11.7%) were observed, 5 of them identified as pathogenic for C3G. The FHR-5G278S and FHR-5R356H mutations altered the interaction of FHR-5 with C3b, when compared to the FHR-5WT. Serum FHR-5 levels were lower in patients compared to controls. Low serum FHR-5 concentration at presentation associated with better renal survival during the follow-up period, furthermore, it showed clear association with signs of hypocomplementemia and clinically meaningful clusters.Conclusions: Our observations support the hypothesis that FHR-5 protein and its genetic alterations play a role in the pathogenesis of IC-MPGN/C3G.
Inflammation Cytokine Expression and Association With Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients After Major Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yan Yamin , Wang Xiaorong , Hu Yan , Yu Zhenghong , Tang Yingjia , Li Jingjing , Mei Jinghua , Pan Wenyan , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The associations of serum cytokine levels and critically ill patient outcomes after major surgery remain unclear. The use of cytokine markers to predict outcomes in critically ill patients is controversial.Objective To determine the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and procalcitonin in critical surgical ICU(SICU) patients and evaluate their associations with patient outcome and clinical significance.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients admitted to the SICU in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The program ran from January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and procalcitonin were detected, and their relationship with patient outcomes was investigated.The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, compared by a multivariable logistic regression analysis among the survivors and nonsurvivors.Results Overall, 5,257 patients were included in this study for their first SICU admission; 5,099 patients survived, 158 patients died, and the mortality rate was 3.0%(158/5,257). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that nonsurvivors had increased levels of IL-1(OR=1.855, P=0.000) and IL-2(OR=1.51, P=0.000) compared with survivors. In addition, 196 patients(3.7%) were readmitted to the SICU, and data from 187 patients were collected. Of these, 161 patients survived, and 26 patients died; the mortality rate was 13.9%(26/187), which was much higher than that of the first round of patients. The level of IL-2 significantly influenced SICU readmission(OR=3.921, P=0.000).For the third round of SICU admission, 10 patients were included, 7 patients survived, and 3 patients died; the mortality rate was 30.0%(3/10). Furthermore, older age, longer time of SICU stay, and higher rate of mechanical ventilation and CRRT were associated with patient death.Conclusions High levels of cytokines may be risk factors for mortality and SICU readmission in critically ill patients who receive major surgery. Further work is still needed to determine which unmeasured characteristics and therapies may contribute to the increased risk observed.
Integrating GWAS, linkage mapping and gene expression analyses reveals the genetic control of growth period traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: wang tengyue , Wei Lijuan , wang Jia , Xie Ling , Li Yangyang , Ran Shuyao , Ren Lanyang , Lu Kun , Li Jiana , Timko Michael P. , Liu Liezhao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Brassica napus is one of the most important oilseed crops, and also an important biofuel plant due to its low air pollution and renewability. Growth period are important traits that affect yield and are crucial for its adaptation to different environments in B. napus.Results: To elucidate the genetic basis of growth period traits, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and linkage mapping were employed to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for days to initial flowering (DIF), days to final flowering (DFF), days from initial flowering to final flowering (FP), days from final flowering to maturity (MT), and whole growth period (GP). A total of 146 SNPs were identified by association mapping, and 83 QTLs were identified by linkage mapping using the RIL population. Among these QTLs, 19 were pleiotropic SNPs related to multiple traits, and six (q18DFF.A03-2, q18MT.A03-2, q17DFF.A05-1, q18FP.C04, q17DIF.C05 and q17GP.C09) were consistently detected using both mapping methods. Additionally, we performed RNA sequencing to analyze the differential expression of gene (DEG) transcripts between early- and late-flowering lines selected from the RIL population, and the DEGs were integrated with association mapping and linkage analysis to confirm their roles in the growth period. Consequently, twelve candidate genes associated with growth period traits were identified in B. napus. Among these genes, seven have polymorphic sites in the coding sequence and the upstream 2-kb sequence based on the resequencing data. The haplotype BnaSOC1.A05-Haplb and BnaLNK2.C06-Hapla showed more favorable phenotypic traits. Conclusions: The candidate genes identified in this study will contribute to our genetic understanding of growth period traits and can be used as targets for target mutations or marker assisted breeding for rapeseed adapted to different environments.
Short term outcomes of newborn infants with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia in a low resource setting: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: DAMOI JENNIFER KRICITOBER , Sebunya Robert , Kirabira Victoria Nakibuuka 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) remains a significant cause of death and neuro-developmental deficits among children, especially in resource limited settings. Therapeutic hypothermia which is the mainstay of treatment for moderate to severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in developed countries, is not widely practiced in low resource settings and the available data is limited. We aimed to determine the short term outcomes and factors associated with survival among newborn infants with moderate to severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia at St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya.
Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 81 newborn infants with moderate to severe HIE who were 36 weeks and above that were cooled from June 2016 to February 2019, at St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda. Data on maternal and infant characteristics, clinical outcomes were extracted from the HIE registry and HIE follow up forms. Descriptive analysis was done to get the patient characteristics. Survival analysis was done to compare outcome among the groups of infants with significant factors at bivariate analysis. Multiple cox proportional hazards regression analysis was done to determine the factors independently associated with survival.
Results

The proportion of newborn infants who survived was 68/81(84%), (95%: CI: 0.74, 0.91).The factors associated with survival were a Thompson score of 7 to10 at initiation of cooling(HR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.94) and at 24 hours of cooling(HR:0.03, 95%CI: 0.004, 0.21), being born within the hospital providing therapeutic hypothermia (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.94) and not needing mechanical ventilator (HR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.14) or inotropic support.(HR: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.04, 0.38). The median time to attainment of full cup feeds was 6 days, with the majority 43/68(63%) attaining full feeds from 5 to 8 days. The median time to discharge was 7 days, and the median time to death was 3 days. The median Thompson score at discharge was 1 and at death was 16
Conclusion

The survival rate of cooled infants in our setting at 84% is comparably high. The majority of infants have normal neurology at discharge.
Arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction using autologous fascia lata and biceps tendon augmentation
Authors: Hsu Chen-Heng , Chiu Chih-Hao , Weng Chun-Jui , Hsu Kuo-Yau , Chan Yi-Sheng , Chen Alvin Chao-Yu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
While arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) has been recently introduced to treat irreparable rotator cuff tear with encouraging outcomes, graft options and fixation remain debated. The purpose of this article is to describe a novel technique and present preliminary results in using long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) as augmentation for SCR with fascia lata autograft.
Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on 18 patients undergoing arthroscopic SCR with LHBT augmentation for irreparable rotator cuff tear between October 2017 and November 2019. Preoperative radiographic survey confirmed massive rotator cuff tear with moderate to severe muscle fatty infiltration and availability of LHBT. Fascia lata autograft harvested from ipsilateral thigh was folded and securely sutured. The folded fascia graft was then introduced through standard anterolateral portal and fixed to superior glenoid superiorly and greater tuberosity laterally with suture anchors. Anteriorly, fascia lata graft was sutured with proximal portion of LHBT instead of subscapularis tendon. A full coverage of rotator cuff defect by facial graft was then confirmed arthroscopically to allow tension-free suturing between posterior margin of fascia graft and residual infraspinatus tendon. Postoperative abduction brace and regular follow-up was arranged.
Results
Being intact in 4 patients and either partially torn or subluxed in 14 patients, LHBT in all 18 patients were available for augmentation surgery. Preliminary functional survey revealed encouraging outcomes with a mean follow-up of 11.5 months. Nine patients with more one year follow-up regained full forward elevation; ASES improved from 24.3 to 90.2. Acromiohumeral distance improved from 3.3 mm to 8.6 mm with radiographic analysis in those 9 patients.
Conclusions
Arthroscopically LHBT augmented SCR is a novel technique and can be one of feasible opinions for irreparable rotator cuff tear.
Structural Modelling of the Lumenal Domain of Human GPAA1, the Metallo-Peptide Synthetase Subunit of the Transamidase Complex, Reveals Zinc-Binding Mode and Two Flaps Surrounding the Active Site
Authors: Su Chinh Tran-To , Sinha Swati , Eisenhaber Birgit , Eisenhaber Frank 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The transamidase complex is a molecular machine in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotes that attaches a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchor to substrate proteins after cleaving a C-terminal propeptide with a defined sequence signal. Its five subunits are very hydrophobic; thus, solubility, heterologous expression and complex reconstruction are difficult. Therefore, theoretical approaches are currently the main source of insight into details of 3D structure and of the catalytic process. Results In this work, we generated model 3D structures of the lumenal domain of human GPAA1, the M28-type metallo-peptide-synthetase subunit of the transamidase, including zinc ion and model substrate positions. In comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of M28-type structures and our GPAA1 models, we estimated the metal ion binding energies with evolutionary conserved amino acid residues in the catalytic cleft. We find that canonical zinc binding sites 2 and 3 are strongest binders for Zn1 and, where a second zinc is available, sites 2 and 4 for Zn2. Zinc interaction of site 5 with Zn1 enhances upon substrate binding in structures with only one zinc. Whereas a previously studied glutaminyl cyclase structure, the best known homologue to GPAA1, binds only one zinc ion at the catalytic site, GPAA1 can sterically accommodate two. The M28-type metallopeptidases segregate into two independent branches with regard to one/two zinc ion binding modality in a phylogenetic tree where the GPAA1 family is closer to the joint origin of both groups. For GPAA1 models, MD studies revealed two large loops (flaps) surrounding the active site being involved in an anti-correlated, breathing-like dynamics. Conclusions In the light of combined sequence-analytic and phylogenetic arguments as well as 3D structural modelling results, GPAA1 is most likely a single zinc ion metallopeptidase. Two large flaps environ the catalytic site restricting access to large substrates.
Towards Data-Driven Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship: Secondary use of Routine Electronic Care and Prescribing Records to Inform Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes
Authors: Dutey-Magni Peter , Gill Martin J , Mcnulty David , Sohal Gurjit , Hayward Andrew , Shallcross Laura 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Hospital antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes are multidisciplinary initiatives to optimise the use of antimicrobials. Most AMS programmes rely on time-consuming manual audits to monitor clinicians’ antibiotic prescribing practice. Much of the information needed is already contained within electronic health records (EHRs) and could be used to inform AMS programmes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of building analytics from hospital EHRs to facilitate AMS interventions.
Methods

This study used electronic prescribing, laboratory and clinical coding records of adult patients admitted to six specialties at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK between September 2017 and August 2018 (n = 61,679 admissions). Duration of prescribing, compliance with clinical guidelines, and timing of switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in relation to clinical progression were assessed. Outputs were visualised at ward, specialty and consultant levels.
Results

A total of 59,884 antibacterial prescription records were linked into 24,653 therapy episodes. Among the 35% of admissions prescribed an antibacterial, the mean days of therapy per admission was 4.3 days and 9.9 days in elective and emergency hospitalisations respectively. Twenty-two percent (207/997) of therapy episodes for low-severity community-acquired pneumonia were initiated with the antibiotic recommended by locally-approved prescribing guidelines. Data suggested average delays in switching from intravenous to oral therapy of up to 3.6 days [95% CI: 3.4; 3.7]. Microbial cultures were performed prior to treatment initiation in just 22% of antibacterial prescriptions.
Conclusions

Hospital EHRs can be used to construct meaningful measures of antibiotic stewardship, demonstrating potential value for audit and feedback interventions.
Gut mycobiota alterations in patients with COVID-19 and H1N1 and associations with immune and gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Lv Longxian , Gu Silan , Jiang Huiyong , Yan Ren , Chen Yanfei , chen Yunbo , Luo Rui , Huang Chenjie , Lu Haifeng , Zheng Beiwen , Zhang Hua , Xia Jiafeng , Tang Lingling , Sheng Guoping , Li Lanjuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The relationship between gut microbes and COVID-19 or H1N1 flu is not fully understood. Here, we compared gut mycobiota of 67 COVID-19 patients, 35 H1N1 patients and 48 healthy controls (HCs) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 3-ITS4 sequencing. Fungal richness decreased in COVID-19 and H1N1 patients compared to HCs, but fungal diversity decreased in only H1N1 patients. Fungal mycobiota dysbiosis in both COVID-19 and H1N1 patients was mainly characterized by depletions of fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, but several fungi, such as Candida parapsilosis, and Malassezia yamatoensis, were enriched in H1N1 patients. The altered fungal taxa were strongly associated with clinical features such as the incidence of diarrhoea, albumin. Gut mycobiota between COVID-19 patients with mild and severity symptoms are not different, as well as between COVID-19 patients in and out hospital. Therefore, gut mycobiota dysbiosis occur in covid-19 or H1N1 patients and do not improve until discharge.