bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyberkriminalität
Authors: Horten Barbara , Gräber Marleen 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Möglichkeiten für Cyberkriminelle und die Erscheinungsformen von Cyberkriminalität haben durch die Digitalisierung und Verbreitung internetfähiger Geräte in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. Unter dem Begriff Cybercrime oder auch Internetkriminalität werden Taten subsumiert, die mittels Internet begangen werden. Es gibt zahlreiche Erscheinungsformen, die je nach Kontext unterschiedlich klassifiziert werden. Die Verbreitung von cyberkriminellen Straftaten wird jährlich im Bundeslagebericht des Bundeskriminalamts (BKA) dargestellt. In diesem werden Herausforderungen u. a. durch neue Methoden der Verbreitung von Malware und des Identitätsdiebstahls benannt. Auch digitale Erpressung, ein vermehrtes Gefahrenpotenzial durch das „Internet der Dinge“ und Angriffe auf die sog. kritischen Infrastrukturen sind als cyberkriminelle Bedrohungen zu sehen. Zudem verbreiten sich sexuell motivierte Straftaten wie z. B. Kinderpornografie schneller im virtuellen Raum. In der Polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik (PKS) 2019 wurde ein Anstieg von Cyberkriminalität im Vergleich zum Vorjahr um 15,4 % registriert. Es wird eine Zunahme des Identitätsdiebstahls via Plattformen wie dem Darknet und ein wachsendes Gefährdungspotenzial durch Entwicklungen wie etwa Smart Homes, Cloud Computing oder Big Data prognostiziert. Empirische Studien zu den Viktimisierungserfahrungen von Cyberangriffen liegen zu Privatpersonen und Industrieunternehmen vor. Die Täter waren meist junge, männliche Erwachsene.
Numerical and experimental investigation on the depressurization capacity of a new type of depressure-dominated jet mill bit
Authors: Chen Xu-Yue , Cao Tong , Yu Kai-An , Gao De-Li , Yang Jin , Wei Hong-Shu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEfficient cuttings transport and improving rate of penetration (ROP) are two major challenges in horizontal drilling and extended reach drilling. A type of jet mill bit (JMB) may provide an opportunity to catch the two birds with one stone: not only enhancing cuttings transport efficiency but also improving ROP by depressuring at the bottom hole. In this paper, the JMB is further improved and a new type of depressure-dominated JMB is presented; meanwhile, the depressurization capacity of the depressure-dominated JMB is investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. The numerical study shows that low flow-rate ratio helps to enhance the depressurization capacity of the depressure-dominated JMB; for both depressurization and bottom hole cleaning concern, the flow-rate ratio is suggested to be set at approximately 1:1. With all other parameter values being constant, lower dimensionless nozzle-to-throat-area ratio may result in higher depressurization capacity and better bottom hole cleaning, and the optimal dimensionless nozzle-to-throat-area ratio is at approximately 0.15. Experiments also indicate that reducing the dimensionless flow-rate ratio may help to increase the depressurization capacity of the depressure-dominated JMB. This work provides drilling engineers with a promising tool to improve ROP.
The use of very low-frequency electromagnetic survey in the mapping of groundwater condition in oporoza-gbamaratu area of the Niger Delta
Authors: Ohwoghere-Asuma Oghenero , Chinyem I. Felix , Aweto Kizito Ejiro , Iserhien-Emekeme Ruth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of VLF-EM in sedimentary basins has not been fully understood and has not attracted substantial usage in groundwater exploration, specifically in coastal Niger Delta. In the present study, VLF and 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) surveys were combined with hydrogeochemical data to examine groundwater quality. Both interpretations of VLF and 2D ERI uncovered subsurface conductive geologic materials. Eight groundwater and one river water samples as well as static water level were analyzed to complement geophysical data (VLF-EM and ERI). The results suggested that conductive materials detected in the subsurface are unconnected with intrusion of sea water but depicted clay material typical of tidal flat deposits. Furthermore, hydraulic heads estimated from water level and land elevation measurements did suggest that groundwater flows into the Escravos River. Also, the stage of the Escravos River is above water levels in boreholes and hand-dug wells, which is not an indicative of the incursion of salt water into aquifer from the river. The slight level of nitrate loading in groundwater probably suggests contamination emanating from anthropogenic sources such as septic tanks and leachates from diffuse refuse dumps. The study has validated the effectiveness of VLF technique usage in sedimentary basins for the delineation of groundwater quality, but not without important hydrogeochemical data.
Development of a research platform for BEPC II accelerator fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Cao Jianshe , Sui Yanfeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
BEPC II is an electron–positron collider with a beam energy of 1.89 GeV and luminosity of 1 × 1033 cm−2 s−1. Being a complex accelerator, fault diagnostics both in an accurate manner and in time are often challenging during its operation.

Purpose
The fault diagnosis research platform is capable of locating and resolving faults on time, thus can largely improve the operation of BEPCII by reducing downtime due to machine fault and consequently satisfying the demand for fault diagnosis of a complex system.

Methods
Making full use of the existing large-scale hardware foundation, abundant data resources and previous experiences, a fault diagnosis research platform was built by applying data mining, machine learning and other related algorithms to carry out specific fault analysis on the entire system.

Conclusion
The fault diagnosis research platform has been developed with implemented functions of data query, statistics and analysis. Partial fault diagnoses of the three subsystems have been realized. The 4W1 power supply fault has been successfully discovered, and effective solutions have been subsequently provided.
Invertibility, Fredholmness and kernels of dual truncated Toeplitz operators
Authors: Câmara M. Cristina , Kliś-Garlicka Kamila , Łanucha Bartosz , Ptak Marek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAsymmetric dual truncated Toeplitz operators acting between the orthogonal complements of two (eventually different) model spaces are introduced and studied. They are shown to be equivalent after extension to paired operators on $$L^2({\mathbb {T}}) \oplus L^2({\mathbb {T}})$$

L
2

(
T
)

⊕

L
2

(
T
)

and, if their symbols are invertible in $$L^\infty ({\mathbb {T}})$$

L
∞

(
T
)

, to asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators with the inverse symbol. Relations with Carleson’s corona theorem are also established. These results are used to study the Fredholmness, the invertibility and the spectra of various classes of dual truncated Toeplitz operators.
Freeboard height and snow depth observed by floating GPS on land-fast sea ice in Nella Fjord, Antarctica
Authors: Zhang Qingchuan , Li Fei , Lei Jintao , Zhang Shengkai , Ding Zhuoming , Chen Wu , Li Wenhao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough altimeters have been widely used to monitor the spatiotemporal variation of sea-ice thickness, they are unable to separate sea-ice freeboard from snow depth. We use a floating GPS deployed on sea ice to derive the freeboard and snow depth near China's Zhongshan Station. Our results show that the standalone floating GPS can monitor freeboard with a precision of 4.2 cm. If time-varying dynamic ocean topography provided by, for example, a bottom pressure gauge is available, then the precision of GPS-derived freeboard can improve to 1.3 cm. The daily snow depth inverted by GPS interferometric reflectometry captures three precipitation events during our experiment, showing that the floating GPS can monitor the variation in snow depth and observe the freeboard variation at the same time. By studying the relationship between freeboard, snow depth and sea-ice thickness, we find that sea-ice thickness will be greatly underestimated by the negative single-point freeboard under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. As a supplement to existing technologies, the GPS-derived freeboard and snow depth can be used both to evaluate the altimeter observations directly and to improve our understanding of the real-time variation of freeboard and snow depth in the experimental area.
How to Build the Plane While Flying: VTE/PE Thromboprophylaxis Clinical Guidelines for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Costa Alessandro , Weinstein Eric S. , Sahoo D. Ruby , Thompson Stanley C. , Faccincani Roberto , Ragazzoni Luca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the years, the practice of medicine has evolved from authority-based to experience-based to evidence-based with the introduction of the scientific process, clinical trials, and outcomes-based data analysis (Tebala GD. Int J Med Sci. 2018;15(12):1397-1405). The time required to perform the necessary randomized controlled trials, a systematic literature review, and meta-analysis of these trials to then create, accept, promulgate, and educate the practicing clinicians to use the evidence-based clinical guidelines is typically measured in years. When the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-nCoV-2) pandemic commenced in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, there were few available clinical guidelines to deploy, let alone adapt and adopt to treat the surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this study is to first explain how clinical guidelines, on which bedside clinicians have grown accustomed, can be created in the midst of a pandemic, with an evolving scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of the hypercoagulable state. The second is to adapt and adopt current venous thromboembolism diagnostic and treatment guidelines, while relying on the limited available observational reporting of COVID-19 patients to create a comprehensive clinical guideline to treat COVID-19 patients.
Description of a pharmacist-driven safety algorithm in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Compliance, interventions, and good saves
Authors: Lines Tara H. , Nesbitt Whitney J. , Greene Matthew H. , Nelson George E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-driven Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) safety bundle supported by leadership and to compare compliance before and after implementation.Design:Retrospective cohort study with descriptive and before-and-after analyses.Setting:Tertiary-care academic medical center.Patients:All patients with documented SAB, regardless of the source of infection, were included. Patients transitioned to palliative care were excluded from before-and-after analysis.Methods:A pharmacist-driven safety bundle including documented clearance of bacteremia, echocardiography, removal of central venous catheters, and targeted intravenous therapy of at least 2 weeks duration was implemented in November 2015 and was supported by leadership with stepwise escalation for nonresponse. A descriptive analysis of all patients with SAB during the study period included pharmacy interventions, acceptance rates, and escalation rates. A pre–post implementation analysis of 100 sequential patients compared bundle compliance and descriptive parameters.Results:Overall, 391 interventions were made in the 20-month period following implementation, including 20 “good saves” avoiding potentially major adverse events. No statistically significant differences in complete bundle compliance were detected between the periods (74% vs 84%; P = .08). However, we detected a significant increase in echocardiography after the bundle was implemented (83% vs 94%; P = .02) and fewer patients received suboptimal definitive therapy after the bundle was implemented (10% vs 3%; P = .045).Conclusions:This pharmacist-driven SAB safety bundle with leadership support showed improvement in process measures, which may have prevented major adverse events, even with available infectious diseases (ID) consultation. It provides a critical safety net for institutions without mandatory ID consultation or with limited antimicrobial stewardship resources.
Control of a hospital-wide outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) using the Israeli national carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) guidelines as a model
Authors: Alon Danny , Mudrik Hadar , Chowers Michal , Shitrit Pnina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:To study the effect of implementing the Israeli national carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) guidelines on controlling a hospital-wide outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB).Design:A before-and-after study from 2014 to 2018.Setting:A 740-bed, secondary-care hospital in central Israel.Intervention:Acquisition of CRAB was defined as a positive culture taken at least 48 hours after admission or a positive sample identified upon admission in a patient who had been readmitted within 30 days after discharge from our institution. The intervention included maintaining a case registry of all CRAB patients, cohorting patients under strict contact isolation, using dedicated nursing staff and equipment, rigorous cleaning, education and close monitoring of hospital staff, and involvement of hospital management.Results:In total, 210 patients were identified with hospital-acquired CRAB: 141 before the intervention and 69 after the intervention. CRAB acquisition rates decreased by 77%, from 1.3 per 1,000 admissions before the intervention (2014–2015) to 0.3 per 1,000 admissions after the intervention (2016–2018) (P < .001). The decrease in acquisitions was observed hospital-wide, year by year (P for trend, <.001). In 2018, only 7 new acquisitions were detected in internal medicine wards (P = .058) and none in the ICUs (P = .006).Conclusions:A structured intervention based on the Israeli CRE management guidelines was successful in controlling a hospital-wide CRAB outbreak.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analyses of the Wulian complex in the Sulu orogenic belt, eastern China: tectonic affinity and implications for early Precambrian crustal growth and recycling in the South China Craton
Authors: Liu Jian-Hui , Liu Fu-Lai , Ding Zheng-Jiang , Yang Hong , Liu Ping-Hua , Liu Li-Shuang , Chen Hui , Wang Xiang-Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Wulian complex is located on the northern margin of the Sulu orogenic belt, and was formed by collision between the North China Craton (NCC) to the north and South China Craton (SCC) to the south. It consists of the metasedimentary Wulian Group, gneissic granite and meta-diorite. The U–Pb analyses for the detrital zircons from the Wulian Group exhibit one predominant age population of 2600–2400 Ma with a peak atc. 2.5 Ga and several secondary age populations of > 3000, 3000–2800, 2800–2600, 2200–2000, 1900–1800, 1500–1300 and 1250–950 Ma; some metamorphic zircons have metamorphic ages ofc. 2.7, 2.55–2.45, 2.1–2.0 and 1.95–1.80 Ga, which are consistent with magmatic-metamorphic events in the SCC. Additionally, the Wulian Group was intruded by the gneissic granite and meta-diorite atc. 0.76 Ga, attributed to Neoproterozoic syn-rifting bimodal magmatic activity in the SCC and derived from partial melting of Archaean continental crust and depleted mantle, respectively. The Wulian Group therefore has tectonic affinity to the SCC and was mainly sourced from the SCC. The detrital zircons have positive and negative ϵHf(t) values, indicating that their source rocks were derived from reworking of both ancient and juvenile crustal rocks. The major early Precambrian crustal growth took place duringc. 3.4–2.5 Ga with a dominant peak at 2.96 Ga and several secondary peaks at 3.27, 2.74 and 2.52 Ga. The two oldest zircons with ages of 3307 and 3347 Ma record the recycling of ancient continental crust (> 3.35 Ga) and crustal growth prior toc. 3.95 Ga in the SCC.
THE CONTROL OF OUTDOOR ADVERTISING, AMENITY, AND URBAN GOVERNANCE IN BRITAIN, 1893–1962
Authors: GREENHALGH JAMES 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article examines the control of outdoor advertising in Britain, tracking its development as a mirror of the practices of spatial governance. It evidences both a largely forgotten, yet radical change in the urban environment, whilst also functioning as a lens through which we might examine local government's role in driving change in the visual environment of cities and towns. The article argues that, despite important early work by preservationist organizations, local corporations and councils were the principal drivers of legislation, altering attitudes in central government that ultimately led to stringent control of outdoor advertising in urban space. Beginning in the nineteenth century, but coming to the fore during the interwar period, corporations and councils pushed for ever greater controls over the size and siting of billboards, hoardings, and posters. In doing so, they deployed a language of amenity, and conjured with seemingly social democratic notions of citizens’ rights to push their agenda. The study is thus revealing of the ways in which town planning, patterns of holistic control in the visual environment, and the philosophy of urban modernism shaped even the most mundane, extant urban areas and left a lasting impression on the urban landscape.
Can a worship-worthy agent command others to worship it?
Authors: CHOO FREDERICK 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article examines two arguments that a worship-worthy agent cannot command worship. The first argument is based on the idea that any agent who commands worship is egotistical, and hence not worship-worthy. The second argument is based on Campbell Brown and Yujin Nagasawa's (2005) idea that people cannot comply with the command to worship because if people are offering genuine worship, they cannot be motivated by a command to do so. One might then argue that a worship-worthy agent would have no reason to issue a command to worship. I argue that both these arguments fail.
A case of COVID-19 in a patient with a univentricular heart post total cavopulmonary connection (Fontan) surgery
Authors: Linnane Niall , Cox Des W. , James Adam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic which has affected patients and healthcare systems around the world. Patients with underlying health conditions seem to be more severely affected. There are limited reports of patients with univentricular circulations and COVID 19; thus, we report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with a univentricular circulation.
Test–Retest Reliability of Concussion Baseline Assessments in United States Service Academy Cadets: A Report from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)–Department of Defense (DoD) CARE Consortium
Authors: Houston Megan N. , Van Pelt Kathryn L. , D’Lauro Christopher , Brodeur Rachel M. , Campbell Darren E. , McGinty Gerald T. , Jackson Jonathan C. , Kelly Tim F. , Peck Karen Y. , Svoboda Steven J. , McAllister Thomas W. , McCrea Michael A. , Broglio Steven P. , Cameron Kenneth L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:In response to advancing clinical practice guidelines regarding concussion management, service members, like athletes, complete a baseline assessment prior to participating in high-risk activities. While several studies have established test stability in athletes, no investigation to date has examined the stability of baseline assessment scores in military cadets. The objective of this study was to assess the test–retest reliability of a baseline concussion test battery in cadets at U.S. Service Academies.Methods:All cadets participating in the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium investigation completed a standard baseline battery that included memory, balance, symptom, and neurocognitive assessments. Annual baseline testing was completed during the first 3 years of the study. A two-way mixed-model analysis of variance (intraclass correlation coefficent (ICC)3,1) and Kappa statistics were used to assess the stability of the metrics at 1-year and 2-year time intervals.Results:ICC values for the 1-year test interval ranged from 0.28 to 0.67 and from 0.15 to 0.57 for the 2-year interval. Kappa values ranged from 0.16 to 0.21 for the 1-year interval and from 0.29 to 0.31 for the 2-year test interval. Across all measures, the observed effects were small, ranging from 0.01 to 0.44.Conclusions:This investigation noted less than optimal reliability for the most common concussion baseline assessments. While none of the assessments met or exceeded the accepted clinical threshold, the effect sizes were relatively small suggesting an overlap in performance from year-to-year. As such, baseline assessments beyond the initial evaluation in cadets are not essential but could aid concussion diagnosis.
The risk of infectious pathogens in breast-feeding, donated human milk and breast milk substitutes
Authors: Blackshaw Katherine , Valtchev Peter , Koolaji Nooshin , Berry Nina , Schindeler Aaron , Dehghani Fariba , Banati Richard B 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:This review collates the published reports that focus on microbial and viral illnesses that can be transmitted by breast milk, donor milk and powdered infant formula (PIF). In this context, we attempt to define a risk framework encompassing those hazards, exposure scenarios, vulnerability and protective factors.Design:A literature search was performed for reported cases of morbidity and mortality associated with different infant feeding modes.Setting:Exclusive breast-feeding is the recommended for infant feeding under 6 months, or failing that, provision of donated human milk. However, the use of PIF remains high despite its intrinsic and extrinsic risk of microbial contamination, as well as the potential for adverse physiological effects, including infant gut dysbiosis.Results:Viable pathogen transmission via breast-feeding or donor milk (pasteurised and unpasteurised) is rare. However, transmission of HIV and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 is a concern for breast-feeding mothers, particularly for mothers undertaking a mixed feeding mode (PIF and breast-feeding). In PIF, intrinsic and extrinsic microbial contamination, such asCronobacterandSalmonella, remain significant identifiable causes of infant morbidity and mortality.Conclusions:Disease transmission through breast-feeding or donor human milk is rare, most likely owing to its complex intrinsically protective composition of human milk and protection of the infant gut lining. Contamination of PIF and the morbidity associated with this is likely underappreciated in terms of community risk. A better system of safe donor milk sharing that also establishes security of supply for non-hospitalised healthy infants in need of breast milk would reduce the reliance on PIF.
“Illegal Religious Activities” and Counter-Terrorism in China
Authors: Zhang Chi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fight against terrorism prompts governments to differentiate between “good” religious practices and the “bad” ones. The simplistic dichotomy of “good” and “bad” Muslims has led to a cascade of criticism, but a fallacy underlying this dualism remains underexplored. This paper examines the “no true Scotsman” fallacy that is prevalent in the political discourse surrounding terrorism and religion. It argues that China's attempt to counteract the essentialist assumption about Uyghurs leads to a reinforced “good-versus-bad” dichotomous categorization of Muslims, reflected in the binary of “normal” and “illegal” in China's religious policy. This is a major contribution to the existing literature on politics and religion because, theoretically, this paper applies the “no true Scotsman” fallacy and “good” and “bad” Muslims dichotomy to explain the relationship between politics and religion; empirically, it provides a rich overview of the political nature of religious policy in China.