bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’industrie 4.0, vers une dé-globalisation des chaînes de valeur ? Effets attendus de la robotique industrielle avancée et de la fabrication additive sur le système de coordination
Authors: Frigant Vincent 
Published: September 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer un cadre de réflexion pour saisir comment les technologies de la robotique industrielle avancée et de la fabrication additive conduisent à restructurer la géographie des chaînes de valeur. À partir d’un cadre d’analyse en termes de système coordination, nous détaillons comment ces deux briques technologiques viennent renforcer les forces centrifuges et centripètes déterminant le degré de globalisation des chaînes de valeur. L’analyse de la littérature empirique suggère que la robotique industrielle avancée qui se développe rapidement possède un potentiel ambigu (mais probable) de resserrement des chaînes de valeurs alors que la plus difficilement déployable fabrication additive possède un potentiel de déglobalisation élevé. La conclusion appelle de ses vœux la réalisation de travaux quantitatifs afin de mieux guider les politiques publiques en faveur de l’industrie 4.0.Classification JEL : L23, F21, M21.
Robotic surgery enables safe and comfortable single-incision cholecystectomy
Authors: Lee Jaeim , Kim Kee-Hwan , Lee Tae Yoon , Ahn Joseph , Kim Say-June 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Although single-incision robotic cholecystectomy (SIRC) overcomes various limitations of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC), it is associated with high cost. In this study, we intended to investigate if SIRC is recommendable and advantageous to patients despite its high cost.

Materials and Methods:
We prospectively collected and analysed data of patients who had undergone either SILC (n = 25) or SIRC (n = 50) for benign gallbladder diseases, with identical inclusion criteria, between November 2017 and February 2019.

Results:
SILC and SIRC showed similar operative outcomes in terms of intra- and post-operative complications and verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) for pain. However, the SIRC group exhibited significantly longer operation time than the SILC group (83.2 ± 32.6 vs. 66.4 ± 32.8, P = 0.002). The SIRC group also showed longer hospital stay (2.4 ± 0.7 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6, P = 0.053). Although the SILC and SIRC groups showed no significant difference in VNRS, the SIRC group required a higher amount (126.0 ± 88.8 mg vs. 87.5 ± 79.7 mg, P = 0.063) and frequency (3.0 ± 2.1 vs. 2.0 ± 1.8, P = 0.033) of intravenous opioid analgesic administration. During surgery, the critical view of safety (CVS), the prerequisite for safe cholecystectomy, was identified in only 24% (n = 6) of patients undergoing SILC and in 100% (n = 50) of patients undergoing SIRC (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
We conclude that although SILC and SIRC have similar operative outcomes, SIRC is advantageous over SILC because of its potential to markedly enhance the safety of patients by proficiently acquiring CVS.
Prophylactic active irrigation drainage reduces the risk of post-operative pancreatic fistula-related complications in patients undergoing limited pancreatic resection
Authors: Chao Jiadeng , Zhu Chunfu , Jia Zhongzhi , Zhang Xudong , Qin Xihu 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic active irrigation drainage in preventing post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and POPF-related complications in patients undergoing limited pancreatic resection (LPR).

Materials and Methods:
Patients who underwent LPR for benign or borderline pancreatic lesions between February 2014 and March 2019 were enroled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of intraperitoneal drainage used: closed-suction drainage (CSD) or continuous active irrigation drainage (CAID). Data regarding the outcomes and complications of surgery were collected and analysed.

Results:
A total of 50 patients (33 women; age, 50.1 ± 10.8 years) were included in this study. Twenty-nine patients were treated with CSD, and 21 patients were treated with CAID. Clinically relevant POPF and POPF-related complications occurred in 11 patients in the CSD group and in two patients in the CAID group (P = 0.024). Patients in the CSD group demonstrated a longer tube indwelling time than those in the CAID group (17.1 ± 10.2 days vs. 13.7 ± 7.5 days; P = 0.044). Mean post-operative hospital stay was also longer in the CSD group than in the CAID group (20.6 ± 7.9 days vs. 16.1 ± 6.3 days; P = 0.039).

Conclusions:
Prophylactic CAID appears to be an effective alternative for the management of POPF and POPF-related complications in patients undergoing LPR.
Pooled analysis of the oncological outcomes in robotic gastrectomy versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Hong-Ying , Lin Xiu-Feng , Yang Ping , Li Wei 
Published: September 2020

Aim:
Robotic gastrectomy (RG) is more and more widely used in the treatment of gastric cancer. However, the long-term oncological outcomes of RG have not been well evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term oncological outcomes of RG and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane Library and EMBASE electronic databases were searched until August 2019. Eligible studies were analysed for comparison of oncological outcomes between RG and LG in patients with gastric cancer.

Results:
Eleven retrospective comparative studies, which included 1347 (32.52%) patients in the RG group and 2795 (67.48%) patients in the LG group, were selected for the analysis. Meta-analysis of the 11 included studies showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the OS between the RG and LG groups (hazard ratios [HRs] = 0.97, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] = 0.80–1.19, P = 0.80). Six studies evaluated disease-free survival (DFS), and pooled analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in DFS between RG group and LG group (HR = 0.94, 95% CIs = 0.72–1.23, P = 0.65). According to the odds ratio (OR) analysis, there was no significant difference in 3-year OS, 5-year OS, 3-year DFS and 5-year DFS between the RG and LG groups. Nine articles reported the recurrence rate, and the meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the RG and LG groups (OR = 0.88, 95% CIs = 0.69–1.12, P = 0.31).

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis indicated that the long-term oncological outcomes in the RG group were similar to that in the LG group.
Analisa Peningkatan Produksi Lem Dengan Metode Taguchi
Authors: Rahmadianto F. , Susanto E. E. , Pohan G. A. 
Published: September 2020

Dalam hal ini, kami melakukan studi lapangan yang ada di lingkungan kelurahan Madyopuro. Kami melakukan pembuatan alat untuk pencampuran bahan bakar dan karet untuk pembuatan lem. Lem ini digunakan untuk perekat ban dalam vulkanisir ban. Dimana dalam ekonomi yang sekarang ini, daya beli masyarakat untuk membeli ban baru sangat tidak memungkinkan. Dengan adanya ban bekas yang divulkanisir menjadi ban baru sangat menolong dalam hal ekonomi. Dan usaha yang dilakukan masyarakat/pekerja, dapat mmbantu untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat yang terlibat langsung dalam pembuatan ban vulkanisir ini. Berjalannya waktu telah berdiri UKM yang memproduksi ban vulkanisir ini secara berkala, yaitu UKM DAMARU MANDIRI, milik Suhanaviryanto yang beralamatkan di jalan Wisnuwardana, Kelurahan Madyopuro, Malang
Metode pelaksanaan yang dilaksanakan pada kegiatan abdi masyarakat, berdasarkan mitra UKM terbagi kedalam beberapa permasalahan. Produksi langkah-langkah untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan :
Koordinasi dan diskusi dengan mitra tentang alat yang dibutuhkan, jadwal program. Desain, Desain mesin pengaduk lem, Koordinasi dan diskusi dengan tim teknisi alat, Uji coba mesin pengaduk lem, Penyerahkan alat ke mitra ukm. Pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam pengoperasian mesin pengaduk lem, Evaluasi penggunaan mesin pengaduk lem
Data analisis dengan metode Taguchi menunjukkan bahwa ketiga faktor yaitu Pengaduk secara Manual, Sirip terpisah dan Sirip Oval dapat di urutkan berdasarkan nilai ranking. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Sirip Terpisah memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap Waktu Pengaduk Lem, diikuti dengan Sirip Oval, kemudian dengan Manual. Berdasarkan desain eksperimen Taguchi hasil grafik main Effect Plot for Means dengan pendekatan Smallest is the better, kondisi optimal dalam pengaduk lem adalah dengan menggunakan Sirip Terpisah.
Анализ дорожно-транспортных происшествий и его роль в обеспечении безопасности дорожного движения
Authors: Калауов Сайдулла 
Published: September 2020

В данной статье рассматриваются место и роль анализа в системе обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения, с точки зрения основы при принятии управляющих решений. Выделены виды анализа дорожно-транспортных происшествий, а также проанализированы показатели аварийности, выявлены их преимущества и недостатки. Отмечается, что в качестве основного метода анализа аварийности применяется метод сопоставления, для использования которого нужно четко представлять, какие объекты, процессы, факторы следует сопос­тавлять между собой, по каким характеристикам, свойствам, показателям должно проводиться сопоставление, какая конкретная расчетная процедура должна быть положена в основу сопоставле­ния. Отдельного внимания заслуживает изучение и сопоставление динамики изменения показателей аварийности, являющейся наиболее распространенным методом анализа, как абсолютных показателей, так и любых удельных и относительных показателей. Выделяется несколько основных методов изучения и сопоставления динамики изменения состояния аварийности, которые могут эффективно использоваться для оценки результатов деятельности по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения, выявлению неблагоприятных тенденций, а также являются основанием для дальнейшего анализа, направлен­ного на выяснение причин этих неблагоприятных изменений с целью принятия необходимых предупредительных мер. Рассмотрен метод анализа дорожно-транспортных ситуаций, позволяющий формировать способности прогнозировать развитие событий на дорогах, а также рассчитанный на предупреждение дорожно-транспортных происшествий.
Состав энтомопатогенных видов гифальных грибов с пораженных гусениц хлопковой совки
Authors: Авазов Сардоржон , Хасанов Саидинаби 
Published: September 2020

В статье обсуждаются вопрос поиска энтомопатогенных грибов, выявленных с пораженных гусениц хлопковой совки на посевах хлопчатника и овощных культур. В результате выделено 20 видов энтомопатогенных гифальных микромицетов из 12 родов, 3 семейств грибов. Была проверена вирулентность выявленной микобиоты.
Из представленных данных следует, что процент поражения гусениц восковой моли в опыте при искусственном заражении колеблется в пределах от 2 до 25%. Отмечено, что гибель гусениц в течение 20 дней отмечалась лишь в случае со штаммами видов Aspergillus fumigates (4% гусениц погибли), Aspergillus flavus, Trichotecium roseum, Spicaria heliothis и Fusarium lateritium вызвали гибель 2% гусениц.
На основании полученных данных был сделан вывод, что выявленные виды в той или иной степени обладают определенными энтомопатогенными свойствами, но данные штаммы ввиду слабой вирулентности для насекомых не могут быть примененными в практических целях.
Проблемы занятости в Узбекистане в условиях пандемии covid-19
Authors: Зокирова Нодира 
Published: September 2020

В статье анализируется влияние пандемии COVID-19 на занятость и доходы населения. На примере Республики Узбекистан рассмотрена антикризисная политика правительства, предусматривающая макроэкономическое и монетарное регулирование национальной экономики, прямую финансовую поддержку предприятий и предпринимателей, кредитные послабления и каникулы для юридических и физических лиц, организация общественных работ и благотворительных мероприятий для безработных.
Headmasters’ Leadership Styles and their Significant Impact on the General Performance in Schools: Using the Basic Schools in Adansi-South District in Ghana as a Study
Authors: Amankwah Eric , Guo-Hua Zhou 
Published: September 2020

The main concepts and definitions of leadership and its styles differ in many ways. Thus; from one individual or position to the other. The word "leadership" is used in different circles of human endeavours, for example, in the political, business, academics, social and institutional spheres. In the early on, leadership was seen as a personal trait. The degree to which the individual exhibits leadership traits depends not only on his characteristics and personal abilities but also on the characteristics of the situation and environment in which he finds himself (Messick & Kramer, 2004). This study was conducted on the motivation that no country develops and succeeds better than the quality of the leaders who manage the educational system. This means that for a country to be successful, it depends largely on the quality of leadership that the school managers offer in the schools they manage in the development of skills and potential of the students for the country. The study employed a qualitative research method in the work. The data was collected from Adansi-South District in Ashanti Region in Ghana. Random purposive sampling procedures were adopted with a sample size of forty (40) respondents including heads of schools, teachers, and students. Data were collected through interviews, documentary reviews, and observations. They were analyzed through the use of content analysis technique and other renowned data software such as Excel, and SPSS 22 in the data computations. The findings and policy suggestions at the end of the research concluded that the autocratic leadership is useful if something has to be achieved in the short term and democratic leadership style is usually the most preferable in most situations. Participation leadership style is the most useful because it has a long term effect on employees in a more positive way. School heads who normally applied unreasonable laissez-faire and autocratic leadership styles failed in their schools’ goals, visions and missions implementations due to lack support and cooperation.
Activation of P2X4 receptors induces an increase in the area of the extracellular region and a decrease in receptor mobility
Authors: Bergler Frederik , Fuentes Christian , Kadir Md. Fahim , Navarrete Camilo , Supple Jack , Barrera Nelson P. , Edwardson John Michael 
Published: September 2020

The P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) is an ATP‐gated cation channel. Here, we used fast‐scan atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualize changes in the structure and mobility of individual P2X4Rs in response to activation. P2X4Rs were purified from detergent extracts of transfected cells and integrated into lipid bilayers. Activation resulted in a rapid (2 s) and substantial (10–20 nm2) increase in the cross‐sectional area of the extracellular region of the receptor and a corresponding decrease in receptor mobility. Both effects were blocked by the P2X4R antagonist 5‐BDBD. Addition of cholesterol to the bilayer reduced receptor mobility, although the ATP‐induced reduction in mobility was still observed. We suggest that the observed responses to activation may have functional consequences for purinergic signalling.
Genetic factors for susceptibility to and manifestations of neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Matsushita Takuya , Masaki Katsuhisa , Isobe Noriko , Sato Shinya , Yamamoto Ken , Nakamura Yuri , Watanabe Mitsuru , Suenaga Toshihiko , Kira Jun‐ichi ,   the Japan Multiple Sclerosis Genetic Consortium
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify genetic factors associated with susceptibility to and clinical features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).MethodsGenome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was conducted in 211 Japanese patients with NMOSD fulfilling the 2006 criteria with or without anti‐aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) antibody and 1,919 Japanese healthy controls (HCs). HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DPB1 alleles were genotyped in 184 NMOSD cases and 317 HCs. Multiple sclerosis (MS) risk alleles outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region were tested in NMOSD and MS genetic burden (MSGB) scores were compared between HCs and NMOSD.ResultsA SNP (rs1964995) in the MHC region was associated with NMOSD susceptibility (odds ratio (OR) = 2.33, P = 4.07 × 10−11). HLA‐DRB1*08:02 (OR = 2.86, P = 3.03 × 10−4) and HLA‐DRB1*16:02 (OR = 8.39, P = 1.92 × 10−3) were risk alleles for NMOSD susceptibility whereas HLA‐DRB1*09:01 was protective (OR = 0.27, P = 1.06 × 10−5). Three MS risk variants were associated with susceptibility and MSGB scores were significantly higher in NMOSD than in HCs (P = 0.0095). A SNP in the KCNMA1 (potassium calcium‐activated channel subfamily M alpha 1) gene was associated with disability score with genome‐wide significance (rs1516512, P = 2.33 × 10−8) and transverse myelitis (OR = 1.77, P = 0.011). KCNMA1 was immunohistochemically detected in the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes and its immunoreactivity was markedly diminished in active spinal cord lesions in NMOSD.InterpretationSpecific HLA‐DRB1 alleles confer NMOSD susceptibility and KCNMA1 is associated with disability and transverse myelitis in NMOSD.
Excitatory and inhibitory neuron defects in a mouse model of Scn1b‐linked EIEE52
Authors: Hull Jacob M. , O’Malley Heather A. , Chen Chunling , Yuan Yukun , Denomme Nicholas , Bouza Alexandra A. , Anumonwo Charles , Lopez‐Santiago Luis F. , Isom Lori L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveHuman variants in voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) α and β subunit genes are linked to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). Inherited, biallelic, loss‐of‐function variants in SCN1B, encoding the β1/β1B subunits, are linked to early infantile DEE (EIEE52). De novo, monoallelic variants in SCN1A (Nav1.1), SCN2A (Nav1.2), SCN3A (Nav1.3), and SCN8A (Nav1.6) are also linked to DEEs. While these VGSC‐linked DEEs have similar presentations, they have diverse mechanisms of altered neuronal excitability. Mouse models have suggested that Scn2a‐, Scn3a‐, and Scn8a‐linked DEE variants are, in general, gain of function, resulting in increased persistent or resurgent sodium current (INa) and pyramidal neuron hyperexcitability. In contrast, Scn1a‐linked DEE variants, in general, are loss‐of‐function, resulting in decreased INa and hypoexcitability of fast‐spiking interneurons. VGSC β1 subunits associate with Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.3, and Nav1.6 and are expressed throughout the brain, raising the possibility that insults to both pyramidal and interneuron excitability may drive EIEE52 pathophysiology.MethodsWe investigated excitability defects in pyramidal and parvalbumin‐positive (PV +) interneurons in the Scn1b−/− model of EIEE52. We also used Scn1bFL/FL mice to delete Scn1b in specific neuronal populations.ResultsScn1b−/− cortical PV + interneurons were hypoexcitable, with reduced INa density. Scn1b−/− cortical pyramidal neurons had population‐specific changes in excitability and impaired INa density. Scn1b deletion in PV + neurons resulted in 100% lethality, whereas deletion in Emx1 + or Camk2a + neurons did not affect survival.InterpretationThis work suggests that SCN1B‐linked DEE variants impact both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, leading to the increased severity of EIEE52 relative to other DEEs.
Robust fault detection and adaptive parameter identification for DC‐DC converters via switched systems
Authors: Li Jian , Pan Kunpeng , Su Qingyu 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of fault detection and identification for DC‐DC converters is presented. First, switched systems model and fault model are analyzed based the switched characteristics of the DC‐DC converters, taking the DC‐DC buck converter as an example. According to the switched Lyapunov function technique, a fault detection observer and a bank of linear switched fault identification observers are designed for the switched systems. Next, the fault detection observer detects the fault based on the residual produced by the observer output and actual output. After the fault is detected, fault identification observers are activated. The location of fault is identified by comparing the residual evaluation functions. Meanwhile, the adaptive parameter identification is achieved by choosing an appropriate adaptive law. Finally, in order to show the feasibility of the fault detection and identification, the simulation results are given in this article.
Responsive Polymer Brush Design and Emerging Applications for Nanotheranostics
Authors: Li Danyang , Xu Lizhou , Wang Jing , Gautrot Julien E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResponsive polymer brushes are a category of polymer brushes that are capable of conformational and chemical changes in response to external stimuli. They offer unique opportunities for the control of bio−nano interactions due to the precise control of chemical and structural parameters such as the brush thickness, density, chemistry, and architecture. The design of responsive brushes at the surface of nanomaterials for theranostic applications has developed rapidly. These coatings can be generated from a very broad range of nanomaterials, without compromising their physical, photophysical, and imaging properties. Although the use of responsive brushes for nanotheranostic remains in its early stages, in this review, the aim is to present how the systems developed to date can be combined to control sensing, imaging, and controlled delivery of therapeutics. The recent developments for such design and associated methods for the synthesis of responsive brushes are discussed. The responsive behaviors of homo polymer brushes and brushes with more complex architectures are briefly reviewed, before the applications of responsive brushes as smart delivery systems are discussed. Finally, the recent work is summarized on the use of responsive polymer brushes as novel biosensors and diagnostic tools for the detection of analytes and biomarkers.
CW EPR Investigation of Red‐Emitting CaS:Eu Phosphors: Rationalization of Local Electronic Structure
Authors: Spencer Jacob N. , Merrikin Danielle , Pope Simon J. A. , Morgan David J. , Carthey Nicholas , Murphy Damien M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of commercial and prepared CaS:Eu2+ rare earth activated phosphors are investigated following different post‐synthetic treatments. A number of species directly related to the function of the material are characterized using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Isolated Eu2+ sites are identified and associated with the substitutional doping for Ca2+ in the lattice which are responsible for the 645 nm emission of interest. Another inactive Eu2+ site based within a “EuO” type phase aggregated on the surface of the material is also identified, as well as competitive F+ center defects that are known to reduce emission from the Eu2+ sites. Intrinsic Mn2+ impurities are identified and used as local order probes to determine changes in ordering and symmetry upon cryo‐milling and heating treatments of the samples. X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies are also conducted to complement the local structure observations. The reported data is useful in understanding how the nature of the lattice affects ground state electronic structure of functional defective sites, for the development of efficient and selective materials.