bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic efficacy and suitability of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection – The future non-invasive gold-standard?
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Qureshi Abdul Rasheed , Ashraf Zeeshan , Ramzan Muhammad Amjad , Naeem Tehmina , Bilal Huma 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by physical signs and multiple view radiography. Trans-thoracic pleural aspiration is done and aspirated pleural fluid is considered the gold-standard for pleural effusion. Chest sonography has the advantage of having high diagnostic efficacy over radiography for the detection of pleural effusion. Furthermore, ultrasonography is free from radiation hazards, inexpensive, readily available and feasible for use in ICU, pregnant and pediatric patients. This study aims to explore the diagnostic accuracy of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection, which is free of such disadvantages. The objective is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of trans-thoracic ultrasound for detecting pleural effusion and also to assess its suitability for being a non-invasive gold-standard.
Subject and Methods: This retrospective study of 4597 cases was conducted at pulmonology OPD-Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore from November 2016 to July 2018. Adult patients with clinical features suggesting pleural effusions were included while those where no suspicion of pleural effusion, patients < 14 years and pregnant ladies were excluded. Patients were subjected to chest x-ray PA and Lateral views and chest ultrasonography was done by a senior qualified radiologist in OPD. Ultrasound-guided pleural aspiration was done in OPD & fluid was sent for analysis. At least 10ml aspirated fluid was considered as diagnostic for pleural effusion. Patient files containing history, physical examination, x-ray reports, ultrasound reports, pleural aspiration notes and informed consent were retrieved, reviewed and findings were recorded in the preformed proforma. Results were tabulated and conclusion was drawn by statistical analysis.
Results: Out of 4597 cases, 4498 pleural effusion were manifested on CXR and only 2547(56.62%) pleural effusions were proved by ultrasound while 2050 (45.57%) cases were reported as no Pleural effusion. Chest sonography demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy 100 % each.
Conclusions: Trans-thoracic ultrasonography revealed an excellent efficacy that is why it can be considered as non-invasive gold standard for the detection of pleural effusion.
Comparison of tissue doppler derived systolic strain between different severities of left ventricular dysfunction in patients having rheumatic severe mitral regurgitation
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Khaleel , Maqbool Muhammad Furrakh , Tawwab Shahzad , Butt Usman Mahmood , Saleem Imran , Naveed Tahir 
Published: August 2020

Background: Tissue doppler derived systolic strain detects the subtle changes in left ventricular (LV) function. This new modality can detect LV dysfunction in severe rheumatic mitral regurgitation (MR) at earlier stages. The present study was conducted to compare tissue doppler derived peak systolic strain between patients with different severities of LV dysfunction in rheumatic severe MR and to look for the negative correlation between LV dysfunction and peak systolic strain.
Subjects and methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted from January 2017 to March 2018 at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Fifty healthy controls taken as group-I and 150 asymptomatic patients of rheumatic severe MR were divided into Group-II (with ejection fraction (EF) ≥60% and left ventricular end systolic dimension (LVESD) ≤40mm), Group-III (with EF≥ 60% and LVESD 41-50mm) and Group-IV (with EF <60%).Longitudinal peak systolic strain (PSS) of the groups were measured by tissue doppler imaging and compared. The correlation between systolic dysfunction and PSS was further studied.
Results: Out of 200 subjects, 91(45.5%) were male and 109 (54.5%) female. Mean age of study subjects was 31± 9.5 years. Moving from group-I to group-IV, mean LVESD increased from 23.3±2.4 to 49.3±3.0, mean LVEDD (left ventricle end diastolic dimension) increased from 46.4±3.4to 64.0±3.6, ejection fraction decreased from 63.6±2.1to45.7±6.7 and average PSS decreased from 17.8±0.53 to 8.31±0.52.Significant difference was found in average PSS between these groups (p<0.001).There was a significant (p<0.001)negative correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.968) between average PSS and LV dysfunction (i.e. group number).
Conclusion: Inrheumatic severe mitral regurgitation, tissue doppler derived peak systolic strain decreases with increase of LV dysfunction showing a significant negative correlation between the two.
Comparison of health-related quality of life in children with normal hearing and those with cochlear implant at age of 4-6 years
Authors: Anwar Noreen , Dawood Tayyaba , Hayyat Munaza , Rehman Atia Ur , Adnan Muhammad , Ali Waris 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Background: Hearing impairment during early life years have profound negative consequences on linguistic output, educational, psychosocial and physical functioning. Auditory perception plays a key role in the development of child. Severely hearing-impaired children receiving cochlear implant (CI) before the age of speech and language acquisition may enjoy their quality of life similar to their normally hearing peers. Considering the beneficial effects of CI on quality of life of hearing-impaired child, it is evident to properly investigate the similarity in life quality of children with CI and their normal hearing mates of same age group.
Patients and Method: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on parents of 50 children, who were allocated in two equal groups by purposive sampling. The questionnaire was administered by interviewing the parent participants using a validated quality of life questionnaire of Children for Parents and findings were compared with the responses from parents of normal hearing children. Responses from both the groups were analyzed by independent sample t-test.
Results: Parents of Cochlear Implanted children rated their children’s Health Related Quality of Life positively. All the sub domains showed the similar results except self-esteem. Findings suggest that normally hearing children had better self-esteem than CI children. No significant difference was found between overall Health Related Quality of Life of Cochlear Implanted children and their normally hearing peers.
Conclusion: Overall health related quality of life of children with cochlear implant is similar to that of normal hearing peers of same chronological age.
HYPERBOLIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR PROVISION OF THE GROUP OPERATION OF MARINE ROBOTIC COMPLEXES
Authors: Ваулин Ю.В. , Дубровин Ф.С. , Щербатюк А.Ф. , Щербатюк Д.А. 
Published: August 2020

Навигационное обеспечение групповых операций морских робототехнических комплексов (МРК) предполагает одновременное (в рамках одного цикла работы навигационной системы) уточнение местоположения всех объектов МРК. Широко распространенная гидроакустическая навигационная система с длинной базой (ГАНС ДБ) не позволяет решить задачу, поскольку предполагает поочередную работу с объектами МРК. В работе рассмотрена задача обеспечения навигации объектов МРК при помощи разностно-дальномерной навигационной системы (РД НС). Исследованы два навигационных алгоритма, реализующих переборный и аналитический методы решения разностно-дальномерной задачи. Предложен метод применения РД НС с адаптивной конфигурацией для навигации объектов МРК в зоне акустической тени. Выполнены эксперименты, включающие компьютерное моделирование описанных алгоритмов и работу РД НС в натурных морских условиях, которые подтвердили работоспособность и необходимую точность разрабатываемой РД НС.
Navigation guidance support of group operations of marine robotic complexes (MRC) assumes simultaneous (in the frames of one navigation cycle) positioning of all the objects of MRC. Widely used long-baseline underwater acoustic navigation system (LBL UANS) is not able to solve this problem, as it works with objects of the MRC sequentially. This paper investigates the problem of navigation guidance support of the MRC objects using a hyperbolic navigation system (HB NS). Two navigation algorithms that implement direct-search and analytical methods for solving difference-angefinding tasks are studied. The method of implementing HB NS with adaptive configuration was proposed for navigating the MRC objects in the acoustic shadow zone. The designed HB NS has undergone several experiments, including computer modeling of described algorithms and full-scale sea trials of the entire system operation, and thus proved its working capacity and the required accuracy.
THE RESEARCH OF STEADY-STATE MODES CHARACTERISTICS, AND DYNAMICS OF TETHERED SYSTEM OF THE AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER ROBOT WITH TOWED SURFACE RADIOCOMMUNICATION MODULE
Authors: Костенко В.В. , Мокеева И.Г. 
Published: August 2020

Использование буксируемого поверхностного модуля радиосвязи (ПМР) позволяет организовать высокоскоростной канал связи поста управления с автономным подводным роботом (АПР), а также значительно упростить его навигационное обеспечение. При этом возмущения от кабеля связи, действующие на АПР и ПМР, будут в значительной степени влиять на характеристики движения такой привязной системы. В работе методами компьютерного моделирования исследуются силовые воздействия кабеля связи на буксировке, а также их влияние на движение аппарата в установившихся режимах и по типовым траекториям маневрирования. Для установившихся значений глубины погружения и скорости хода АПР определена длина кабеля связи, обеспечивающая минимальное силовое воздействие от буксировки на аппарат. Предложена комплексная модель системы управления движением подводной привязной системы, учитывающая динамику АПР и кабеля связи. Разработана кинематическая модель поведения ПМР, определяющая его заглубление и гидродинамическое сопротивление при буксировке. Приведены результаты моделирования движения привязной системы по типовым траекториям, характерным для обзорно-поисковых АПР, которые позволяют оценить дополнительные требования к тяговым характеристикам движительно-рулевого комплекса аппарата, а также к необходимому запасу плавучести ПМР.
Utilization of the towed surface radiocommunication module (SRM) allows organizing a high-speed communication channel between the control station and autonomous underwater robot/autonomous underwater vehicle (AUR/AUV), as well as significantly simplify its navigation guidance support. Herewith, the disturbances from communication cable effects on AUV and SRM, and heavily influences the motion characteristics of such a tethered system. This paper studies force actions of communication wire on towage and its influence on vehicle motion along standard maneuvering trajectories in steady-state modes using computer modeling. The length of communication cable providing minimal force actions on the vehicle from towing was determined for steady values of submersion depth and movement speed of the AUV. The integrated model of the motion control system of the underwater tethered system was proposed taking into account the dynamic of AUV and communication cable. The kinematic model of SRM behavior was designed to determine its submersion depths and hydrodynamic resistance while being towed. Acquired and demonstrated results of the tethered system motion modeling along standard trajectories typical for search operations allow estimating additional requirements for thrust characteristics of the propulsion/steering unit of the vehicle, as well as the necessary buoyance reserve of the SRM.
Frame “Emotions” in the English Media Text
Authors: Нигматуллина Э.Р. 
Published: August 2020

В статье приводится описание закономерностей реализации эмотивов (лексические единицы, содержащие указания на эмоции в своей семантике) в англоязычном медийном тексте общественно-политической тематики. Показано, что, в отличие от сложившихся представлений, в англоязычном газетном/журнальном тексте общественно-политической тематики присутствует значительное количество лексических единиц, обозначающих эмоции и эмоциональные состояния. Проведенный анализ позволяет сделать вывод о том, что в изученном языковом материале присутствуют указания как на отрицательные, так и на положительные эмоции, а также эмоционально-интеллектуальные реакции и паралингвистические проявления, сопровождающие эмоции. Новым результатом проведенного исследования является демонстрация того, что эмотивы выполняют текстоформирующую функцию и реализуются в тексте в сочетании с другими элементами общего фрейма «эмоции». Эмотивы, зафиксированные в англоязычном газетном/журнальном тексте, могут быть классифицированы на основании принадлежности ядерным или периферийным участкам фрейма «эмоции» тех фреймовых структур, в которые они входят.
The aim of the article is to describe the patterns of realization of emotives (lexical units containing indications of emotions in their semantics) in the English-language media texts of social and political subject-matter. It is shown that there are a significant number of lexical units denoting emotions and emotional states in the English-language newspaper and magazine texts of social and political subject-matter. The analysis allows us to conclude that there are indications of both negative and positive emotions, as well as emotional and intellectual reactions and paralinguistic manifestations that accompany emotions in the studied language material. A new result of the study is a demonstration that emotives perform a text-forming function and are realized in combination with other elements of the general frame of “emotions”. Emotives in an English-language newspaper/magazine text can be classified on the basis of their relation to the nuclear or peripheral sections of the frame “emotions” of the frame structures in which they are included.
Features of Dramatic History and Neo-Classicist Elements
in Ben Jonson’s Fragment Mortimer His Fall
Authors: Рогатин В.А. 
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматривается дифференциация и эволюция драматических жанров в конце XVI —начале XVII века в репертуаре английских театров. Отправной точкой нашего исследования служит фрагмент в посмертном собрании Бена Джонсона (1572–1637) наброска «Падение Мортимера»,
о котором издатель сообщает как о пьесе, не завершенной автором и относящейся к последним месяцам его жизни. Жанр елизаветинской трагедии характеризуется нами как относительно стабильный
в течение целого десятилетия. Исходя из наличия у большинства этих пьес содержательных, структурных и художественных особенностей, проверяется принадлежность сцен о Мортимере и Эдуарде III
к данной традиции. Анализ фабулы и способов раскрытия основного конфликта в контексте творчества Джонсона и в его отношении к современному театру, прежде всего к шекспировским пьесам, показывает, что незаконченная пьеса «Падение Мортимера» могла быть задумана в период относительного затишья в театральной жизни в середине 1610-х годов. В ней настойчиво реализуются принципы неоклассицизма и отхода от смешения стилевых регистров, которые были характерны для исторических хроник. Ограниченный диапазон действующих лиц, присутствие хоров и групповой диалог, отход от психологической трактовки героя и других персонажей — всё это позволяет заключить, что целью Б. Джонсона было возрождение трагического с национальным содержанием в формах, предписанных античностью.
Abstract. The object of analysis is the short-lived, yet unique genre of English dramatic history at the turn of the 16th–187th cc. Emerging in the early years of Elizabeth I’s reign, the history served as a secular replacement of medieval mysteries. The chief features linking histories with the familiar genre of the pre-Reformation tradition were as follows: (1) presence of stock characters; (2) transparent message to the broader audience (religious or national); (3) alternation of low and lofty scenes to provide variety and spectacular turns. At the top of its development, in the 1590s, the history obtained stability of content and diction in the series of William Shakespeare’s tetralogies, to which King John and All’s Trues served as a prologue and epilogue. It would be wrong to exclude Ben Jonson, in so many ways linked to Shakespeare’s work and fame, from participation in the genre practice. Even though he did not contribute dramatized chronicles of Britain’s past for the stage, he tried his hand in Roman tragedies and each conformed to at least two of the features above. In close reading of the surviving part of Ben Jonson’s Mortimer His Fall we distinguish an echo of Elizabethan central path in history, yet evidence of increased Classicist tendencies is much stronger, which suggests new grounds for dating this dramatic sketch.
Discrimination positive territoriale dans l'education comme un pylône du développement économique
Authors: EL ALAOUI AïCHA 
Published: August 2020

L'éducation reste toujours au coeur des débats politiques et économiques au Maroc. Les questions primordiales qui se posent pour le Maroc sont : Comment généraliser et uniformiser le systême éducatif sur l'ensemble de sonterritoire ? Comment améliorer la qualité et l'efficacité de l'enseignement au Maroc ?
Le niveau de développement économique reste fragile et sensible, marqué par un développement inéquitable entre les 12 régions marocaines. A cet effet, traité également ce qui supposé inégale est injuste. Il faut abandonner le principe d'un traitement égal des élêves sur l'ensemble du territoire. Il s'agit évidemment de compenser les inégalités initiales. Mettre cette politique au nom de l'équité parait socialement juste. La justice éducative signifie non seulement même politiques éducatives mais avoir égalité d'accês et des résultats. Un systême égalitaire doit se concentrer sur l'amélioration de la qualité des écoles qui desservent les régions les plus démunies du pays et les classes les plus pauvres de la société. La raison est simple : une population bien instruite et bien soignée sera plus productive, ce qui est source d'une croissance continue qui peut profiter à tous. Pour cette raison, le point de départ est d'instaurer une école unique, porteur des idéaux de liberté, d'égalité, de solidarité, des principes de citoyenneté, de laïcité, de respect de l'autre, d'universalisme et d'unité. En plus, il est nécessaire d'introduire le numérique dans le systême éducatif et de diversifier et encourager l'apprentissage des langues (en plus de deux langues officielles) comme l'anglais, le japonais, le chinois on ne sait pas à qui appartient le monde de demain ?
Indicaciones geográficas y renta monopolista: reflexión sobre los derechos de protección territorial en la globalización
Authors: Vega Torres Daniel Roberto 
Published: August 2020

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las Indicaciones Geográficas (Indicaciones de Procedencia y Denominaciones de Origen), como marcas de propiedad territorial, con el desarrollo de la renta monopolista y el mercado en la región suramericana. Se realiza una descripción del crecimiento de las marcas colectivas territoriales que promueven tanto un proceso de protección comercial como la generación de un valor agregado. Luego, se analiza el papel de las Indicaciones Geográficas en la transformación económica que ejercen en el mercado, desde un punto de vista individual y otro estructural, destacando los aportes en cada análisis y sus limitaciones. Por último, se realiza una problematización de la relación de propiedad del suelo con la pertenencia de clase, lo que contextualiza el conflicto territorial como base de la promoción de derechos comerciales. De esta forma, se expone como conclusión la manera en que las indicaciones geográficas se integran a los conflictos de propiedad en la producción y tenencia de tierra, derivados de la relación capital y trabajo.
The Principle of Open and Competitive Recruitment to Official Posts in Local Government Units in Poland
Authors: Wiacek Burmanczuk Aleksandra 
Published: August 2020

This article is to present the principle of open and competitive recruitment for official positions, applicable under the Polish Act on local government employees. The point of departure for the discussion on the provisions of the Act is the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Not only has the analysis covered the regulation contained in the Act on employees of local government , but also addressed the relationship between the employer's specific obligation to re-employ the employee on the basis of the provisions of the Polish Labour Code and the rule of general recruitment for official positions applicable under the Law on local government employees. These considerations are largely of a practical nature, based in particular on the relevant case-law and on the professional experience of the author herself, who is a local government staff member employed as an attorney-at-law in a local government unit of the regional level.
The Development of Australian Culture in the XX Century: Australian Film Industry
Authors: Zernetska O. 
Published: August 2020

This article represents the first attempt in Ukraine of complex interdisciplinary investigation of the history of Australian film development in the XX-th century in the context of Australian culture. Analysing films in historical order the peculiarities of each decade are taken into consideration. The periods of silent films, sound films and colour films are analysed. The best film productions, their film directors and prominent actors are outlined. Special attention is paid to the development of feature films and documentaries.
The article concentrates on the development of different film genres beginning with national historical drama, films of the first pioneers’ survival, adventure films. It is shown how they contribute to the embodiment in films of the main archetypes of Australian culture, the development of Australian identity. After World War I and World War II war films appear to commemorate the courage of the Australian soldiers in the war fields. Later on the destiny of the Australian women white settlers’ wives or native Australians inspired film directors to make them the chief heroines of their movies.
A comparative analysis of films and literary primary sources underlying their scripts is carried out. It is concluded that the Australian directors selected the best examples of Australian national poetry and prose, which reveal the historical and social, cultural and racial problems of the country's development during the twentieth century.
The publication dwells on boom and bust periods of Australian film making. The governmental policy in this sphere is analysed. Different schemes of film production and distribution are outlined to make national film industry compatible with the other film industries of the world, especially with the Hollywood. The area of a new discipline - Australian Film Studios - is studied as well as the works of Australian scholars. It is clarified in what Australian universities this discipline is taught. It is assumed that the experience of Australia in this sphere should be taken by Ukraine.
Movimento de uma partícula interplanetária na atmosfera terrestre
Authors: Pacheco José A. de Freitas 
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo é descrita a evolução da trajetória de um meteoroide na atmosfera terrestre, em particular do evento observadocasualmente no sul da França na noite do 02 de maio de 2016, que produziu dois clarões de magnitude V ~ 8.0 (invisíveis a olho nu).A modelagem da curva de luz observada sugere que o meteoroide entrou na atmosfera com um ângulo de aproximadamente 80ºem relação à vertical e com uma velocidade da ordem de 35 km/s. Os dois clarões podem ser explicados por uma partícula constituída internamente por óxidos do tipo FeO e/ou MgO, coberto por um material silicatoso. A dimensão do meteoroide deveriaser da ordem de 0,3 mm a 0,7 mm e sua desintegração ocorreu em altitudes de 80 a 90 km acima da superfície terrestre.