bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of poultry house heating and ventilation upgrading
Authors: Saleeva I , Sklyar A , Marinchenko T , Postnova M , Ivanov A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The genetic potential of bird productivity can be fully revealed only in conditions of an optimal microclimate to be ensured by sufficiently energy-intensive ventilation and heating (cooling) air systems. In this regard, energy conservation is an urgent task for poultry farms given the significant share of the energy component in the cost of poultry products (9-14 %) and rising energy prices. In poultry houses, the greatest heat losses are in exhaust ventilation (up to 29, 000 gigacalories in poultry farms for the heating season), where heat recovery units are needed, which are designed to perform high-quality sanitation in heat-exchange channels; for the economical heating of poultry and premises, the use of local gas heating systems able to work with positive pressure and depression in the poultry house and disinfect the air is required. The experiments on the use of gas air heaters for growing meat chickens showed that in an autonomous heating system with heat recovery units, air heaters become the main heat generators and heat source that heats up the air supply, which allows the system to be used in “hybrid” modes, i.e. at high pressure during the first period of broiler operation and with depressurizing during the second period of broiler operation. At the same time, there was no negative effect of burning oxygen and combustion products on livestock productivity; a high level of veterinary and sanitary protection of the livestock due to air disinfection by gas burners is provided as well.
The scientific and practical rationale for the inclusion of enzyme preparations in the feed of young pigs
Authors: Danilova N V , Yu Lavrent’ev A , Yu Nemtseva E , Sherne V S , Evdokimov N V , Petrov N S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Studies on growing young pigs for rearing and fattening using a mixture of enzyme preparations were carried out on animals aged 2 to 7 months in the dynamics of their growth and development. The animals receiving compound feed used in the economy served as control. The compound feed of the first experimental group was enriched with a mixture of additional enzyme preparations amylosubtilin G3x and cellolux-F, and the second experimental group – a mixture of amylosubtilin G3x and protosubtilin G3x. The use of a mixture of amylosubtilin G3x and cellolux-F increases the average daily growth by 13.6 %, reduces feed costs by 11.8 % compared to the control group’s pigs, a mixture of amylosubtilin G3x and protosubtilin G3x - an average daily increase of 8.7 %, a decrease in feed costs by 7.9 % compared to the control group’s pigs. The highest content of muscle tissue in the half-carcasses was observed in animals in the first experimental group (58.5 %) and in the second experimental group (58.17 %), which is higher in the control group by 0.93 and 0.6, respectively. The results of research in the technology of pork production reveal new possibilities of using a mixture of enzyme preparations.
A new approach to obtaining prolonged nitrogen fertilizers and appraisal of their agrochemical efficiency
Authors: Khuziakhmetov R , Sabirov A , Mukhametshina A , Nizamov A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new approach to obtain prolonged nitrogen fertilizers, based on the “gauging” of industrial instant nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and urea) by Sorel cement, is proposed. The resulting alkaline complex N(Mg)-fertilizers help neutralize soil acidity (“Sorel cement” - nMg(OH)2 • Mg(SO4, NO3) • mH2O also contain plant nutrients). The main quality criteria for prolonged N(Mg)-fertilizers have been developed. The results of evaluating the agrochemical effectiveness of prolonged N(Mg)-fertilizers (as well as urea-formaldehyde fertilizers - UFF) are presented. In the growing experiments the application of these fertilizers contributed to increase in the yield of wheat and green mass of Sudan grass by 20-30%. In the weather and climatic conditions of Tatarstan, prolonged UFF make it possible to obtain a full second mowing of Sudan grass in the autumn period and N(Mg)-fertilizers contributed to an increase in wheat yield by 15%.
Effect of transgenic overexpression of BMP antagonist noggin on chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Mardaryev A N , Mardaryeva N V , Larionov G A , Gordova V S , Terentyeva M G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To study the role of BMP signaling pathway in the development of skin tumors, we employed two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol on K14-Noggin mice expressing BMP antagonist noggin in the epidermis. A comparative analysis showed an earlier appearance and a significant increase in the number of skin papillomas in K14-Noggin mice compared to the wild-type control (FVB). In contrast to control mice, the transgenic K14-Noggin mice also developed squamous cell carcinoma with local metastasis of malignant cells into the dermis of the skin. The results of this work indicate the tumor suppressive role of BMP signaling pathway in the skin epithelium.
The effectiveness of the use of alternative fertilizers in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Vasilyev O A , Ilyin A N , Nursov I N , Zaitseva N N , Vasilyev A O , Fadeeva N A , Lozhkin A G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article presents for the first time the results of using organic substances belonging to the category of industrial waste as fertilizers for agricultural crops. The dairy industry has waste (hereinafter referred to as cake) generated during the cleaning of milk pipes and requiring additional costs for their disposal. Biogas plant products (hereinafter referred to as biofertilizer) obtained from fresh chicken manure by fermentation in an anaerobic environment are also promising as fertilizer for agricultural crops. Biofertilizer and cake were applied superficially at different plots at doses of 3 kg/m2 (30 t/ha), 6 kg/m2 (60 t/ha) and 9 kg/m2 (90 t/ha). The potato tubers of the ‘Gala’ variety of German selection were planted. It was found that the higher the dose of the used substances, the greater the yield of potatoes. The yield increase in the variant of 30 t/ha of cake was 5.9 t/ha of potato tubers, 60 t/ha of cake - 11.3 t/ha, and in the variant of 90 t/ha of cake - 15.5 t/ha. The use of biofertilizers also caused an increase in yield. The use of waste as fertilizers enhances the biological activity of soils, increases the content of mobile nutrients of plants of light gray forest soil.
The effect of greenhouse irradiators on the load factor of step-down transformers
Authors: Kondrateva N , Terentyev P , Filatov D , Maksimov I , Kirillov N , Ovchukova S , Rybakov L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of the work is to determine the permissible load factors of step-down transformers when powering various types of greenhouse irradiators. All examined irradiators have nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic and generate upper current harmonics. The object of research are greenhouse illuminators with high pressure sodium lamps, induction and light-emitting diodes greenhouse illuminators (LED) with active and passive power factor. The permissible load factors of transformers are calculated using obtained data: for high-pressure sodium lamp light is 0.95 max; for LED lamps with active power factor corrector – 0.76 max; for LED lamps with passive power factor correction – 0.59 max; for electrodeless lamp light – 0.98 max. To reduce current harmonics in systems with LED lamps and to increase the load factor of transformers, it is necessary to apply special devices – active or passive harmonic filters. For greenhouse irradiators with sodium lamps and induction irradiators, the use of harmonic filters is not required.
Spark plasma sintering plus heat-treatment of Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte and its ionic conductivity
Authors: Xue Jiali , Zhang Kuibao , Chen Daimeng , Zeng Jianjun , Luo Baozhu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (Ta-LLZO) solid electrolyte ceramics were synthesized by solid-state sintering, spark plasma sintering (SPS) and SPS plus heat-treatment (two-step method) using LiOH·H2O, La2O3, ZrO2 and Ta2O5 as the raw materials. The Ta-LLZO samples prepared from these three routes are all in cubic phase structure. However, the solid-state method results in Ta-LLZO samples with different particle sizes and porous morphology, while the samples prepared by SPS route contain fewer internal voids and smaller particle size. The two-step method not only retains the high compactness of SPS samples, but also the increment of grain size. The SEM results demonstrate that Ta-LLZO sintered by the two-step method shows optimal electrical properties. And the total ionic conductivity is 4.6 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 150 °C and the activation energy is calculated to be 0.38 eV.
Investigation of self-consistent site-dependent DFT + U effect on electronic band structure and optical properties of SiFe2O4 spinel
Authors: Idris M C , Shaari A , Razali R , Lawal Abdullahi , Ahams S T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The first-principle investigation of SiFe2O4 (SFO) spinel was performed with the help of a plane-wave pseudopotential technique within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation (LDA) as implemented in Quantum Espresso Simulation package. The Electronic band structure and optical properties of SFO spinel-type material have been investigated and discussed in this paper. The calculated band structure reveals that SFO spinel-type material is a direct bandgap semiconductor. Using GGA + U and LDA + U the band gap value so obtained is 3.52 eV and 2.96 eV respectively. The contribution to valence and conduction bands due to different bands was analyzed on the basis of the total and partial density of state. The Optical properties of SFO spinel-type material have been calculated and discussed in detail. The real,

ε

1

ω

and the imaginary,

ε

2

ω

part of the complex dielectric constants is found to be 6.52 and 5.42 at energies of 3.44 eV and 6.21 eV respectively. The refractive index

n

0

and the reflectivity index

(
R

ω

)
,

at zero energy value were found to be 1.88 and 10% respectively. We found that SFO spinel-type material has good properties for optical devices.
Exploring dynamics of resonance energy transfer in hybrid Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells (QDSSC)
Authors: Ramanarayanan Rajita , Ummer Fadeela Chundekat , Swaminathan Sindhu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Graphene based nanomaterials are known to provide new avenues to improve semiconductor based light harvesting devices. This work makes use of graphene quantum dots (GQD) to improve the efficiency of a CdSe Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell (QDSSC) by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) mechanism. FRET describes non-radiative energy transfer between two adjacent molecules typically in range from 1 to 10 nm with one molecule as donor and other molecule as acceptor. If the acceptor is in close proximity of the excited donor, then their dipoles align resulting in transfer of excitation energy from donor to acceptor. Here graphene quantum dot acts as the energy donor to enhance light harvesting of CdSe quantum dot which acts as an acceptor in the hybrid solar cell. The introduction of GQD increases the efficiency of CdSe sensitized QDSSC from 0.18 to 0.28% showing an efficiency enhancement of 55%. The improved efficiency is mainly attributed to the 46% increase in current density of the GQD-CdSe solar cell compared to the CdSe QDSSC. The increased performance of the QDSSC owes to the existence of non-radiative energy transfer (FRET) between GQD and CdSe evident from photoluminescence (PL) quenching and lifetime measurements. This FRET system of GQD (donor)-CdSe (acceptor) shows an energy transfer of 48.7% providing new insights for selective light harvesting of the solar spectrum which can be utilised for various potential applications in future.
What is important to people with dementia living at home? A set of core outcome items for use in the evaluation of non-pharmacological community-based health and social care interventions
Authors: Reilly Siobhan T , Harding Andrew J E , Morbey Hazel , Ahmed Faraz , Williamson Paula R , Swarbrick Caroline , Leroi Iracema , Davies Linda , Reeves David , Holland Fiona , Hann Mark , Keady John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
inconsistency in outcome measurement in dementia care trials impedes the comparisons of effectiveness between trials. The key aim of this study is to establish an agreed standardised core outcome set (COS) for use when evaluating non-pharmacological health and social care interventions for people with dementia living at home.

Method
we used a mixed-methods research design, including substantive qualitative research with five key stakeholders groups. We consulted with people living with dementia for many aspects of this research. We applied a modified two-round 54 item Delphi approach to attain consensus on core outcomes. The COS was finalised in a face-to-face consensus meeting in 2018.

Results
of the 288 who completed round 1 (21 people living with dementia, 58 care partners, 137 relevant health and social care professionals, 60 researchers, 12 policy makers), 246 completed round 2 (85% response rate). Twenty participants attended the consensus meeting. We reached consensus for the inclusion of 13 outcome items.

Conclusion
we identified 13 outcome items which are considered core; many relate to social health. Providing there are adequate measures, measuring these core outcome items will enhance comparisons for effectiveness making trial evidence more useful. The items will provide commissioners and service planners with information on what types of interventions are most likely to be valued highly by people living with dementia.

Trial registration
The study is registered on the COMET initiative database.
6 Perioperative Urinary Catheterisation in Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Bell R , Michael A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
There are currently no national guidelines, in the UK, advising when to catheterize hip fracture patients and when to trial without a catheter (TWOC). We audited the practice in a UK teaching hospital where there is a consultants’ consensus that all patients should be catheterized on the day of admission (or day of surgery; which is usually within 36 hours of admission) and TWOC as soon as possible within 72 hours postoperatively. We also correlated delays in TWOC with urinary tract infection (UTI) rates.

Methods
Audit of consecutive hip fracture patients who had undergone surgery. Patients who had long term indwelling urinary catheter were excluded. Data collected include: demographics and date and time of admission, catheterisation, operation and TWOC, also duration of catheter post operatively, reason if TWOC delayed and whether the patient had a UTI.

Results
43 patients were included; 30 males and 13 females with a mean age of 82.9 and 83.9 years respectively. Urinary catheters were inserted in 100% of patients preoperatively. Overall 23% of patients had a UTI. There were more UTIs with prolonged catheterization. The results are summarised in the table. The reason for delaying a TWOC was not documented in any of patients’ notes.

Discussion
The low rate of TWOC within 72 hours can be attributed to:Lack of clear guidelinesReluctance to have a TWOC for older patients with poor postoperative mobility with concerns regarding inability to reach the toilet timely.Reluctance to have a TWOC for those who did not open their bowels postoperatively.Time and resources pressure.

Conclusion and recommendations
National guidelines for urinary catheterisation in hip fracture patients are needed meanwhile Orthopaedic Department guidelines will improve the care in these patients. Patients should have a urinary catheter “passport” documenting the date of insertion, expected date of TWOC and the reasons for delaying TWOC. It is important to educate the team about the importance of TWOC as early as possible and improve communication.
24 Improving the Investigation and Treatment of Anaemia in Older Adults Admitted Through the Acute Medical Unit
Authors: Kaza N , Nassour V , Ehsanullah J , Gravell R , Yeoman A , Chia G , Todorov G , Wright P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
This project was based within acute medical unit within a tertiary hospital in London and was conducted by junior doctors working both in geriatrics and in acute medicine. The patient group this project was aimed at was adults aged 65 and over who were admitted under acute medicine.

Introduction
Anaemia is common in older adults and associated with poor outcomes. This project aimed to explore attitudes and improve recognition, investigation and management of anaemic older adults in acute medicine through a multi-pronged approach.

Methods
Serial PDSA cycles were conducted over 3 months. Retrospective audit was performed, reviewing electronic records to compare a 2-week period before and after the interventions, identifying which patients admitted under acute medicine and aged over 65 years were anaemic, underwent haematinics and treatment.

Interventions
Firstly, a survey explored doctors’ attitudes and knowledge of anaemia in older adults as well as identifiable barriers to investigating anaemia when working in acute medicine. The data from this was used to design interventions to address the gaps which emerged. Interventions included an algorithm regarding haematinic interpretation disseminated amongst junior doctors, multiple teaching sessions conducted and posters distributed which highlighted the importance of investigating and treating anaemia.

Results
The initial audit included 144 patients, of which 50 were anaemic, and the re-audit included 148 patients of which 56 were anaemic. Following the interventions, more patients had haematinics requested, from 60% to 70%, and more were treated, from 30 to 55% (p&lt;0.05). Doctors were surveyed before and after the intervention. The repeat survey demonstrated that more doctors felt addressing anaemia was important, 83% from 55% (p&lt;0.05). More doctors were also confident in the interpretation of haematinics, 61% from 28% (p&lt;0.05) and in prescribing iron, 66% from 27% (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
Anaemia amongst elderly patients in the acute setting is under-estimated, investigated and treated. Targeted educational interventions can improve doctors’ attitudes and knowledge, helping to facilitate the investigation of older adults and enable treatment.
30 The Role of A Virtual Clinic in Reducing Waiting Times for Out-Patient Follow-Up
Authors: Thomson F , Richards K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Topic
Hospital admissions for older people are increasing with subsequent pressure on out-patient (OP) clinics. By early 2018, 350 patients were waiting up to 6 months for follow-up, with limited capacity in existing clinics. There were concerns regarding potential harm to patients from delayed review of significant results.

Intervention
A working group considered options for managing the OP waiting list. We decided to pilot a fortnightly virtual clinic (VC) where cases were reviewed without the patient present. All patients awaiting results were listed for the VC rather than routine OP. Each VC had 50 patients listed. Patient’s GP received a clear action plan. Clinic rules were modified as issues were identified. Links with other specialities evolved reducing the number of missing results. Data was analysed for 50% of consultations between January 2018 and March 2019.

Improvement
311 VC appointments were reviewed: 207 in 2018 and 104 up to March 2019. Maximum 25 cases could be completed per clinic, additional sessions cleared initial backlog within 3 months. Completion time/case ranged from 2-15 minutes depending on complexity. Main reason for VC was test results: 82% in 2018, increasing to 93% in 2019. 61% in 2018, 80% in 2019 were discharged directly from VC. 20% required a 2nd VC for outstanding results. OP review post-VC fell from 16% in 2018 to just 2% in 2019. General OP requirements fell from 24hrs to 10 hours/ week as a result of VCs, releasing consultants for other clinical areas.

Discussion
VCs are an effective means of reviewing outstanding results from recent admissions and OP consultations. Routine listing of patients with outstanding investigations provides a safety net. Most results are normal and do not require follow-up. Repeat CXRs at 6 weeks continue to be requested for severely frail people who are unlikely to benefit.
58 Can Volunteers Improve the Well-Being, Participation and Activity of Patients on An Acute Older-Persons’ Unit in Hospital?
Authors: Jacob C , Roff K , Fleet J , Jones J , Wood C A , Jensen H , Allen S , Bryan A , Romero D , Ray L , Meldrum T , Owen B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
A multi-disciplinary led, charity-funded initiative was implemented to deliver an Activity Promotion Project (APP) on the older adult wards of a large teaching hospital, providing acute medical management for adults over 65 with complex needs.

Introduction
Previous local studies show that our patients are inactive, lonely and their activity is inhibited by ward culture. Cognitively impaired patients experiencing long delays for placement are often agitated and restless. Staff feel disheartened by their inability to spare time for non-medical needs. To respond to the Social Prescribing directive the APP aims to create a sustainable volunteer team to provide patients with company, stimulation and opportunities to be active.

Methods
A Volunteer and Activity Coordinator (VAC) was appointed to recruit, train and coordinate applicants for the volunteer role on the unit which is advertised on the trust website. Analysis of volunteer team impact has been through patient, carer and staff surveys. Observational studies recorded patients’ physical position, activity and company as well as use of the dayrooms before and during the project.

Interventions
Patients of all functional abilities can be referred by any staff member. Individual and group activities include conversation, games, reminiscence quizzes, lunch and tea parties, musical bingo, walking tours, trips to hospital facilities and gardens and visits from therapy dogs and musicians. Before discharge participating patients are given information about local social and exercise opportunities.

Results
All staff surveyed would recommend the project to colleagues, 97% thought it improved patient mood. One noted: ‘volunteers have created a new energy on the ward, the patients appear to be much more engaged and occupied, and the dayroom is being used as it is intended to be’. Observational data showed a change in the percentage of patients resting in bed from 59% before the intervention to 49% during and a decrease in patients who were alone from 83% to 60%.

Conclusions
The volunteer team has had a positive effect on ward culture and patient well-being and could be replicated in other ward settings. The programme’s impact is contingent on the consistency and reliability of volunteers, which makes the role of the VAC essential for careful management and communication of clear expectations. The VAC role will be proposed in business planning for next financial year.