bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy: a complication of Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: el‐Azhary Rokea A. , Nowsheen Somaira , Gibson Lawrence E. , DiCaudo David J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess clinical characteristics and mortality rate of Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in patients who developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).MethodsA systematic retrospective chart review of all patients with concurrent clinical diagnosis of DIC and SJS/TEN between July 1, 2012, and January 1, 2020, at the Mayo Clinic was performed.ResultsThe incidence of DIC in patients with SJS/TEN was 1.3% at our institution (5 of 396 DIC patients). Triggers of SJS/TEN included lamotrigine, clofarabine, antibiotics, and sepsis. Two patients diagnosed with SJS and two patients with TEN succumbed to the disease.ConclusionDIC is a rare underlying risk in patients with SJS/TEN and is associated with increased mortality. Early clinician awareness and aggressive intervention is advised.
Stochastic local search and parameters recommendation: a case study on flowshop problems
Authors: Pavelski Lucas M. , Delgado Myriam , Kessaci Marie‐Éléonore , Freitas Alex A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Algorithm Selection Problem (ASP) considers the use of previous knowledge regarding problem features and algorithm performance to recommend the best strategy to solve a previously unseen problem. In the application context, the usual ASP for optimization considers recommending the best heuristics, whenever it faces a new similar problem instance, also known as the Per‐Instance ASP. Although ASP for heuristic recommendation is not new, selecting heuristics and also their parameters, or the Per‐instance Algorithm Configuration Problem, is still considered a challenging task. This paper investigates the use of meta‐learning to recommend six different stochastic local searches and their parameters to solve several instances of permutation flowshop problems. The proposed approach uses several problem features, including fitness landscape metrics, builds the performance database usingirace, and trains different multi‐label recommendation models on a data set with more than 6000 flowshop problem instances. Experiments show that decision tree‐based machine learning models achieve good performance, and the quality of the recommendations is capable of outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm with tuned configuration.
The impact of surgical site infection on hospitalisation, treatment costs, and health‐related quality of life after vascular surgery
Authors: Totty Joshua Phillip , Moss Joe William Edward , Barker Erin , Mealing Stuart James , Posnett John William , Chetter Ian Clifford , Smith George Edward 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSI) substantially increase costs for healthcare providers because of additional treatments and extended patient recovery. The objective of this study was to assess the cost and health‐related quality of life impact of SSI, from the perspective of a large teaching hospital in England. Data were available for 144 participants undergoing clean or clean‐contaminated vascular surgery. SSI development, length of hospital stay, readmission, and antibiotic use were recorded over a 30‐day period. Patient‐reported EQ‐5D scores were obtained at baseline, day 7 and day 30. Linear regressions were used to control for confounding variables. A mean SSI‐associated length of stay of 9.72 days resulted in an additional cost of £3776 per patient (including a mean antibiotic cost of £532). Adjusting for age, smoking status, and procedure type, SSI was associated with a 92% increase in length of stay (P < 0.001). The adjusted episode cost was £3040. SSI reduced patient utility between baseline and day 30 by 0.156 (P = 0.236). Readmission rates were higher with SSI (P = 0.017), and the rate to return to work within 90 days was lower. Therefore, strategies to reduce the risk of surgical site infection for high‐risk vascular patients should be investigated.
Is the structural relaxation of glasses controlled by equilibrium shear viscosity?
Authors: Lancelotti Ricardo Felipe , Cassar Daniel Roberto , Nalin Marcelo , Peitl Oscar , Zanotto Edgar Dutra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKnowledge of relaxation processes is fundamental in glass science and technology because relaxation is intrinsically related to vitrification, tempering as well as to annealing and several applications of glasses. However, there are conflicting reports—summarized here for different glasses—on whether the structural relaxation time of glass can be calculated using the Maxwell equation, which relates relaxation time with shear viscosity and shear modulus. Hence, this study aimed to verify whether these two relaxation times are comparable. The structural relaxation kinetics of a lead metasilicate glass were studied by measuring the refractive index variation over time at temperatures between 5 and 25 K below the fictive temperature, which was initially set 5 K below the glass‐transition temperature. Equilibrium shear viscosity was measured above and below the glass‐transition range, expanding the current knowledge by one order of magnitude. The Kohlrausch equation described very well the experimental structural relaxation kinetics throughout the investigated temperature range and the Kohlrausch exponent increased with temperature, in agreement with studies on other glasses. The experimental average structural relaxation times were much longer than the values computed from isostructural viscosity, as expected. Still, they were less than one order of magnitude higher than the average relaxation time computed through the Maxwell equation, which relies on equilibrium shear viscosity. Thus, these results demonstrate that the structural relaxation process is not controlled by isostructural viscosity and that equilibrium shear viscosity only provides a lower boundary for structural relaxation kinetics.
Genomic prediction for latent variables related to milk fatty acid composition in Holstein, Simmental and Brown Swiss dairy cattle breeds
Authors: Palombo Valentino , Pegolo Sara , Conte Giuseppe , Cesarani Alberto , Macciotta Nicolò Pietro Paolo , Stefanon Bruno , Ajmone Marsan Paolo , Mele Marcello , Cecchinato Alessio , D’Andrea Mariasilvia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) reports on milk fatty acid (FA) profiles have been published quite recently and are still few despite this trait represents the most important aspect of milk nutritional and sensory quality. Reasons for this can be found in the high costs of phenotype recording but also in issues related to its nature of complex trait constituted by multiple genetically correlated variables with low heritabilities. One possible strategy to deal with such constraint is represented by the use of dimension reduction methods. We analysed 40 individual FAs from Italian Brown Swiss, Holstein and Simmental milk through multivariate factor analysis (MFA) to study the genetics of milk FA‐related latent variables (factors) and assess their potential use in breeding. A total of nine factors were obtained, and their genetic parameters were inferred under a Bayesian framework using two statistical approaches: the classical pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (ABLUP) and the single‐step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). The resulting factorial solutions were able to represent groups of FAs with common origin and function and can be considered concise pathway‐level phenotypes. The heritability (h2) values showed relevant variations across different factors in each breed (0.03 ≤ h2 ≤ 0.38). The accuracies of breeding values predicted were low to high, ranging from 0.13 to 0.72 and from 0.18 to 0.74 considering the pedigree and the genomic model, respectively. The gain in accuracy in genetic prediction due to the addition of genomic information was ~30% and ~5% in validation and training groups respectively, confirming the contribution of genomic information in yielding more accurate predictions compared to the traditional ABLUP methodology. Our results suggest that MFA in combination with GS can be a valuable tool in dairy cattle breeding and deserves to be further investigated for use in future breeding programs to improve cow's milk FA‐related traits.
Evaluation of left atrial remodeling by 2D‐speckle‐tracking echocardiography versus by high‐density voltage mapping in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Laish‐Farkash Avishag , Perelshtein Brezinov Olga , Valdman Andrei , Tam Dudi , Rahkovich Michael , Kogan Yonatan , Marincheva Gergana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStrain imaging during left atrial (LA) reservoir phase (LASr) is used as a surrogate for LA structural remodeling and fibrosis. Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with >5% low‐voltage zones (LVZs) obtained by 3D‐electro‐anatomical‐mapping have higher recurrence rate post‐ablation. We investigated the relationship between LA remodeling using two‐dimensional‐speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) and high‐density voltage mapping in AF patients.MethodsA prospective study of 42 consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation. 2D‐echo, 2D‐STE, and high‐density contact LA bipolar voltage maps were constructed before ablation. LVZs were determined with different bipolar amplitudes and their ratio per patient's LA area were investigated for correlation with LASr. We compared 2D‐LASr results in patients with LVZs ≥ 5% (LVZs group) versus those with LVZ < 5% (non‐LVZs group).ResultsCompared with non‐LVZs group (n = 15), LVZs group (n = 27) included significantly older patients, more women, more persistent AF, higher CHA2DS2‐VASc score, higher E/A ratio and higher LA volume index (p < .05). LVZs group had lower %LASr values (12.4 ± 5.9% vs. 21.1 ± 6.3, respectively; p<.001). LVZs% in different amplitudes (<0.1 mV, <0.2 mV, and <0.5 mV) were negatively correlated with %LASr (r = −.63, r = −.68, and r = −.72, respectively; p< .001). Atrial strain thresholds for LVZs ≥ 5% in amplitudes <0.1 mV, <0.2 mV, and <0.5 mV were associated with %LASr 12.98, 16.16 and 19.55, respectively; p< .05). In a multivariate analysis, %LASr was the only independent indicator of LVZs (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9; p= .04).ConclusionsLVZs ≥ 5% has a negative association with atrial %LASr. Thus, a simple 2D‐STE measurement of %LASr can be used as a noninvasive method to evaluate significant LA remodeling and fibrosis in AF patients.
Effect of bariatric surgery on cardiac structure and function in obese patients: Role of the renin‐angiotensin system
Authors: Oliveras Anna , Molina Lluís , Goday Albert , Sans Laia , Riera Marta , Vazquez Susana , Benaiges David , Granados Ana Marina , Ramon José Manuel , Pascual Julio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEchocardiographic alterations have been described in obesity, but their modifications after bariatric surgery (BS) and mechanisms are little known, mostly in normotensive patients. We aimed to analyze cardiac changes 1 year post‐BS and to explore possible mechanisms. A cohort of patients with severe obesity (58% normotensives) were prospectively recruited and examined before surgery and after 12 months. Clinical and echocardiographic data, 24 h BP, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) components, cytokines, and inflammatory markers were analyzed at these two time points. Overall reduction in body weight was mean (IQR) = 30.0% (25.9–33.8). There were statistically significant decreases in left ventricle mass index2.7(LVMI)2.7, septum thickness (ST), posterior wall thickness (PWT), relative wall thickness (RWT), and E/e’, both in the whole cohort and in patients without RAAS blockers (p ≤ .04 for all). Plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased from (median, IQR) = 0.8 (0.3;1.35) to 0.4 (0.2;0.93) ng/ml/h, plasma aldosterone from 92 (58.6;126) to 68.1 (56.2;83.4) ng/dl, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐2 activity from 7.7 (5.7;11.8) to 6.8 (5.3;11.2) RFU/µl/h, p < .05. The body weight loss correlated with a decrease in both 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP (Pearson's coefficient 0.353, p = .022 and 0.384, p = .012, respectively). Variation (Δ) of body weight correlated with ΔE/e’ (Pearson's coeff. 0.414, p = .008) and with Δ lateral e’ (Pearson's coeff. = −0.363, p = .018). Generalized linear models showed that ΔPRA was an independent variable for the final (12‐months post‐BS) LVMI2.7 (p = .028). No other changes in cardiac parameters correlated with ΔBP. In addition to the respective baseline value, final values of PWT and RWT were dependent on 12‐month Δ of PRA, ACE, and ACE/ACE2 (p < .03 for all). We conclude that there are cardiac changes post‐BS in patients with severe obesity, normotensives included. Structural changes appear to be related to modifications in the renin‐angiotensin axis.
Pax3 inhibits Neuro‐2a cells proliferation and neurite outgrowth
Authors: Huo Bingqing , Yang Yang , Li Manhui , Wan Jun , Zhang Wei , Yu Bo , Chen Xiaofan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPax3 and Pax7 are closely related transcription factors that are widely expressed in the developing nervous system and somites. During the normal development in the central nervous system (CNS), Pax3 and Pax7 are mainly expressed in the dorsal part of the neural tube. Further analysis revealed that Pax3 and Pax7 shared redundant functions in the spinal cord development. However, it is still unknown whether Pax3 and Pax7 play a role in neuronal differentiation. In this study, Pax3 and Pax7 genes were overexpressed in Neuro‐2a, the mouse neuroblastoma cell line. CCK‐8 and EdU assay results showed that overexpression of Pax3 inhibited cell viability and proliferation of Neuro‐2a cells, whereas the overexpression of Pax7 had no significant difference on their cell viability and proliferation. Overexpression of Pax3 not only increased the percentage of cells in the S phase and G0/G1 phase, but also decreased that in the G2 phase. Moreover, the total neurite lengths of Neuro‐2a cells were significantly shorter in Pax3 overexpressed group than those in negative control group and showed no significant difference between Pax7 overexpressed group and negative control group. These results suggested that Pax3 not only inhibited the cell viability and proliferation but also affected the cell cycle and the neurite outgrowth of Neuro‐2a cells. RNA sequencing analysis showed up‐regulated genes in Pax3 overexpressed group were involved in cell cycle machinery, which may reveal the potential mechanism of Neuro‐2a cells proliferation.
Toll‐like receptors (TLRs): An old family of immune receptors with a new face in cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Mokhtari Yazdan , Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi Atieh , Zafari Parisa , Bagheri Nader , Ghaffari Seyed H. , Bashash Davood 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the dark path of tumorigenesis, the more carefully the cancer biology is studied, the more brilliant answers could be given to the countless questions about its orchestrating derivers. The identification of the correlation between Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and different processes involved in carcinogenesis was one of the single points of blinding light highlighting the interconnection between the immune system and cancer. TLRs are a wide family of single‐pass membrane‐spanning receptors that have developed through the evolution to recognize the structurally conserved molecules derived from microorganisms or damaged cells. But this is not everything about these receptors as they could orchestrate several downstream signalling pathways leading to the formation or suppression of cancer cells. The present review is tempted to provide a concise schematic about the biology and the characters of TLRs and also summarize the major findings of the regulatory role of TLRs and their associated signalling in the pathogenesis of human cancers.
Exposure to challenging behaviours and burnout symptoms among care staff: the role of psychological resources
Authors: Klaver M. , van den Hoofdakker B. J. , Wouters H. , de Kuijper G. , Hoekstra P. J. , de Bildt A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStaff supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities are at risk of burnout symptoms. Evidence suggests an association between exposure to challenging behaviours of individuals with intellectual disabilities and burnout symptoms of staff, but the protective role of staff psychological resources in this relation has been understudied.MethodWe investigated the association between exposure to challenging behaviours and burnout symptoms of staff and the direct and moderating effects of several psychological resources. Staff (N = 1271) completed an online survey concerning burnout symptoms (subscale Emotional Exhaustion of the Maslach Burnout Inventory), exposure to challenging behaviours and a range of potential psychological resources. We examined main and moderating effects with multilevel analyses. In order to control for the multiple comparisons, P values corrected for false discovery rate (PFDR) were reported.ResultsWe found a direct relation between exposure to challenging behaviours and increased levels of burnout symptoms in staff (b = .15, t(670) = 4.466, PFDR < .0001). Perceived supervisor social support (b = −.97, t(627) = −7.562, PFDR < .0001), staff self‐efficacy (b = −.23, t(673) = −3.583, PFDR < .0001), resilience (b = −.19, t(668) = −2.086, PFDR < .05) and extraversion (b = −.20, t(674) = −3.514, PFDR < .05) were associated with reduced burnout symptoms. None of the proposed psychological resources moderated the association between exposure to challenging behaviours and burnout symptoms of staff.ConclusionsOf the psychological resources found to be associated with reduced risk of burnout symptoms, staff self‐efficacy and access of staff to supervisor social support seem to be the factors that can be influenced best. These factors thus may be of importance in reducing the risk of developing burnout symptoms and improving staff well‐being, even though the current study was not designed to demonstrate causal relations between psychological resources and burnout symptoms.
Alpha‐Synuclein oligomerization and aggregation: All models are useful but only if we know what they model
Authors: Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlpha‐synuclein oligomerization is one of the early events on the pathway to Lewy body formation. Therefore, interfering with this process holds tremendous potential for developing therapies that block α‐Syn pathology formation and toxicity. The development of robust and reliable cellular models of alpha‐synuclein oligomerization is one important step toward achieving this goal. Unlike α‐Syn fibrils, which can be detected and labeled using multiple tools and validated antibodies, α‐Syn oligomers are very difficult to differentiate from soluble monomeric α‐Syn in cells. This has led to increased reliance on fusing fluorescent proteins or fragments thereof to α‐Syn to develop assays and cellular models to investigate α‐Syn oligomerization. We recently presented results that highlight the limitation of one of these assays, the α‐Syn Bimolecular Fluorescence (BIFC) assay (Frey et al. 2020b). Our findings underscored the critical importance of characterizing and validating cellular models before their use in mechanistic studies or drug discovery studies. In this commentary, I present my response to Dr Tiago Outeiro's recent commentary on this work, expand on our previous discussions on the BIFC assay, and propose an integrated approach for the development characterization, validation, and improvements of cellular models of α‐Syn oligomerization and aggregation. Having access to multiple well‐characterized and validated cellular models is essential not only for advancing our understanding of the biology of α‐Syn and PD but also to identify novel therapeutic targets and drugs that could be successfully developed into treatments for PD and synucleinopathies. The more reliable the models, the faster we are likely to achieve these goals.
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The Risk Factors for the Exacerbation of COVID‐19 Disease: A Case–control Study
Authors: Fan Ying , Wang Xuefei , Jun Zhang  , Mo Daorong , Xiao Xuexia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo investigate the factors associated with the exacerbations of COVID‐19.BackgroundAt present, COVID‐19 is prevalent in the world, seriously endangering the property and life safety of people around the world. Currently, there are many reports on the clinical features, complications and risk factors of death of COVID‐19, but there are few reports on the factors associated with the exacerbation of COVID‐19.DesignCase–control Study.MethodsPatients with COVID‐19 were recruited from four designated hospitals for novel coronavirus pneumonia in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province from January to April 2020. The patients were divided into disease exacerbation group (n = 53) and disease stabilisation group (n = 265) according to the disease progression during hospitalisation. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with the exacerbation of COVID‐19. The research was reported according to STROBE statement.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed there were significant differences in gender, age, hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease, white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophil, percentage of lymphocyte, C‐reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, creatinine, calcium ion, rate of erythrocyte sedimentation, cough, expectoration, chest tightness, gastrointestinal discomfort and dyspnoea between the two groups. The variables with p < 0.05 in the aforementioned difference analysis were included in binary logistic regression analysis, which showed that age, hypertension history, chest tightness, percentage of neutrophil, percentage of lymphocyte, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine were independent factors associated with COVID‐19 disease exacerbation.ConclusionClinicians may warn the exacerbation of COVID‐19 facing above risk factors and associated characteristics, and adjust the diagnosis and treatment plan to delay the disease progression, reduce complications and mortality and improve the prognosis of patients.Relevance to Clinical PracticePatients with certain risk factors associated with COVID‐19 diseases exacerbation should be observed and targeted by using effective early interventions.