bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper nanoparticles induce zebrafish intestinal defects via endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress
Authors: Zhao Guang , Zhang Ting , Sun HaoJie , Liu Jing-Xia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As an essential trace element, copper plays key roles in the activation of multiple enzymes, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and denaturation, as well as the decomposition of superoxide and the synthesis of collagen. The intestines is the main organ for copper absorption and transfer, and intestinal copper accumulation is observed in some patients with gene mutations. However, a vertebrate model to link copper accumulation with intestinal diseases and defects is still lacking, and the data concerning the mechanisms underlying this link are still scarce. In this study, the effects of exogenous copper (CuNPs or their released Cu2+) on intestinal development in zebrafish embryos were investigated after their exposure to copper. The results showed that over 0.10 mg L−1 of CuNPs or Cu2+ damaged the zebrafish intestinal development, including thinned epithelial cells as well as few and shortened intestinal villi. Under CuNP stress, the expression was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced for the intestinal marker genes (slc15a1b, cyp3a65, cyp8b1, fabp2), but increased for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker (bip) in the zebrafish intestines. Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CuNPs or Cu2+ induced the production of ER stress (indicated by PDI) and oxidative stress (indicated by 4-HNE) in the intestinal cells. The expression of the aforementioned intestinal marker genes could be restored to normal by inhibiting the production of ER stress or oxidative stress with ER stress alleviator PBA (4-phenylbutyric acid) or ROS scavengers GSH (reduced Glutathione) or NAC (Nacetylcysteine) in CuNP or Cu2+ stressed embryos, suggesting that copper induces intestinal defects mainly by ER and oxidative stress. Moreover, obvious intestinal defects were observed in copper-stressed cox17−/− and atp7a−/− mutants, implying that blocking the transportation of copper to the mitochondria or trans-Golgi network by deleting cox17 or atp7a could not alleviate copper-induced intestinal developmental defects. This is probably the first report to reveal that copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and their released ions (Cu2+) cause intestinal developmental defects via inducing ER and ROS stresses. It is also the first report on the intestinal developmental responses of cox17−/− or atp7a−/− mutants to copper stimulation.
Identification of the biliary selenium metabolite and the biological significance of selenium enterohepatic circulation
Authors: Takahashi Kazuaki , Ogra Yasumitsu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although selenium (Se) is mainly excreted in urine, it has been reported that an unknown Se metabolite is excreted in bile. When we administered selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocyanate or selenite to rats, a common biliary selenometabolite was detected 10 min after administration. The amount of the selenometabolite originating from SeMet was less than that originating from the two inorganic Se compounds, selenocyanate and selenite, suggesting that the transformation from the methylated organic selenocompound, i.e., SeMet, was less efficient than that from the inorganic Se compounds. The common biliary selenometabolite was concretely identified as selenodiglutathione (GSSeSG) by two types of mass spectrometry, i.e., LC-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and LC-ESI-Q/TOF. The bile-drained rats had lower urinary Se levels than the sham-operated rats. In addition, the Se amounts in urine plus bile of the bile-drained rats were comparable to the Se amount in the urine of the sham-operated rats. These results suggest that the biliary selenometabolite, GSSeSG, was reabsorbed in the gut and finally excreted in urine. Enterohepatic circulation occurs to maintain Se status in the body.
An Aphasia Treatment for Verbs With Low Concreteness: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bailey Dallin J. , Nessler Christina , Berggren Kiera N. , Wambaugh Julie L. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Verbs with low concreteness are frequent in discourse samples but rarely targeted in aphasia treatments for verbs. These verbs are an important part of functional communication, and recent studies have called for more research regarding aphasia and treatment stimuli with low concreteness. The aim of this study was to pilot the use of verbs with low concreteness in a novel sentence production intervention with persons with aphasia.

Method
The study took the form of a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines across behaviors and across participants. Three persons with chronic nonfluent aphasia and apraxia of speech participated in the study. Each participant received treatment designed to increase the semantic networks of verbs with high frequency and low concreteness. Sentence production was closely examined over the course of treatment for treated and untreated verbs of varying concreteness levels. Additional measures of language and cognitive functioning were also taken before and after treatment.

Results
Results indicated improved sentence production with target verbs attributable to the treatment in the 1st phase of 2 phases for 2 of the 3 participants. The increases corresponded with the application of treatment, despite the difference in number of baseline sessions for the participants. Where there were treatment effects, there was also considerable generalization to untreated sets of items during the 1st treatment phase. Word retrieval also improved for 2 participants.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the novel treatment may improve sentence production and word retrieval in persons with aphasia, even when using target verbs with low concreteness ratings. Future research is warranted into the use of low concreteness verbs.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10870958
Fully automated scheme for computer‐aided detection and breast cancer diagnosis using digitised mammograms
Authors: Eltrass Ahmed S. , Salama Mohamed S. 
Published: November 2019

Breast cancer becomes a significant public health problem in the world. During the early detection of breast cancer, it is a very challenging task to classify accurately the benign–malignant patterns in digital mammograms. This study proposes a new fully automated computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system for breast cancer diagnosis with high‐accuracy and low‐computational requirements. The expectation–maximisation algorithm is investigated to extract automatically the region of interests (ROIs) within mammograms. The standard shape, statistical, and textural features of ROIs are extracted and combined with multi‐resolution and multi‐orientation features derived from a new feature extraction technique based on wavelet‐based contourlet transform. A hybrid feature selection approach based on combining the support vector machine recursive feature elimination with correlation bias reduction algorithm is proposed. Also, the authors investigate a new similarity‐based learning algorithm, called Q, for benign–malignant classification. The proposed CAD system is applied to real clinical mammograms, and the experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed CAD system over other existing CAD systems in terms of accuracy 98.16%, sensitivity 98.63%, specificity 97.80%, and computational time 2.2 s. This reveals the effectiveness of the proposed CAD system in improving the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis in real‐time systems.
On the issue of scientific research of rural youth of Yakutia 1970-1980-s
Authors: Egorov Petr , Adamenko Anna , Ermolaev Terenty 
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the history of the study of rural youth in Yakutia in the 70-80s. XX century through a historiographic review of scientific works on the youth problem. During the period under review, the role of rural youth increased, she began to actively participate in the socio-economic processes taking place in the countryside, and represented a significant share and the main resource of labor replenishment for the agricultural sector of the economy.
In studies of the 70s - early 80s. emphasis was placed on the social aspects of scientific and technological progress, the impact of industrialization and intensification of agricultural production on the social structure of the rural population, and the improvement of its professional, cultural and technical level.
Since the mid-1980s, research has begun to raise many complex problems related to rural lifestyles, and especially on such important changes as rural life, spiritual and material needs and needs of various population groups, in particular rural youth, factors and prospects of youth movement between the village and the city.
It was established that scientific research allowed to expand scientific ideas about the rural youth of Yakutia, its social dynamics, determining its place and role in society.
Halo Fixator and Halo Traction – Value for the Treatment of Spinal Disorders in Childhood
Authors: Heyde Christoph Eckhard , Krause Matthias , Jarvers Jan-Sven Gilbert , Spiegl Ulrich Josef Albert , Völker Anna , Glasmacher Stefan , Josten Christoph , von der Höh Nicolas H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe application of the Halo fixateur in case of spinal pathologies in childhood is a standardized technique. The halo fixateur may be used for treatment of injuries of the cervical spine, for additional stabilization following extended surgery at the cervical spine and their transitional regions as well as to achieve preoperative reduction in case of severe and rigid deformity. These indications are, referred to the early age, rare. However, the successful use of the Halo fixateur presumes a certain familiarity with the device and experiences regarding the underlying diseases to minimize related risks and to avoid possible complications. In this article the use and specific features regarding the application of the halo fixateur in childhood based on presented cases and the literature will be discussed.
Quantitative Analysis of Superb Microvascular Imaging versus Color-Coded Doppler Sonography for Preoperative Evaluation of Vascularization of Schwannomas
Authors: Kloth Christopher , Eissler Alexandra , Schmidberger Julian , Gräter Tillmann , Scheuerle Angelika , Kratzer Wolfgang , Pedro Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose Comparison of vascularization of schwannomas, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, using color-coded Doppler sonography (CCDS) and the Toshiba monochrome Superb Microvascular Imaging (mSMI) (Minato, Tokyo, Japan) technique.
Methods In a retrospective single-center analysis, 16 patients were identified with histologically confirmed schwannomas. Between March and June 2018, all of them underwent ultrasonography using mSMI and CCDS before surgery. Schwannoma vascularization was quantitatively measured using ImageJ, an open platform for scientific image analysis. As the diagnostic gold standard, magnetic resonance imaging was mandatory.
Results The mSMI and CCDS vascularization showed a moderate agreement between the techniques (κ = 0.5556; p = 0.0066). The quantitative visual assessment of the vascularization revealed no difference (25.3 ± 8.2 vs. 18.2 ± 3.8; p = 0.0532). Significant differences were found for the quantitative assessment of CCDS with ImageJ (26.8 ± 8.8 vs. 19.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.0368). However, in a subanalysis of highly vascularized schwannomas, mSMI revealed significant differences to slightly vascularized schwannomas (32.0 ± 8.2 vs. 21.3 ± 6.1; p = 0.0065) but not between moderately and slightly vascularized types (p = not significant).
Conclusion The mSMI mode is qualitatively superior to conventional CCDS; however, quantitative analysis of the vascularization of schwannomas revealed no significant quantitative advantage for mSMI. Nevertheless, the mean ImageJ values showed a positive trend toward a better representation of the vascularization degree of schwannomas with mSMI.
Contralateral Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer: An Optimized Mouse Model
Authors: Vottero Giulia Virginia , Morfoisse Florent , Durré Tania , Blacher Silvia , Becker Guillaume , Bahri Mohamed A. , Plenevaux Alain , Noel Agnès , Nizet Jean Luc 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is one of the surgical options in the treatment of lymphedema, but its mechanism of action has not yet been firmly clarified. In the VLNT mouse models described so far, the lymph node flap is performed between two different sites in the same lymphedematous paw. In this study, we describe an optimized VLNT mouse model using the contralateral paw as donor site, thus removing the bias of transferring a lymph node already damaged by irradiation and/or surgery required to induce lymphedema.
Methods A lymphedema was induced on the left posterior paw in four experimental groups of mice (n = 8). Two weeks later, group 1 was the sham one, group 2 underwent a VLNT from the right inguinal region to the left, in group 3 a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C sponge was placed alone in the left inguinal region, and in group 4 a VEGF-C sponge was associated to the VLNT. The 32 mice were followed during 3 months. Outcomes included paws volume, skin quality, inflammation in the lymphedematous tissue, and lymphatic network density and function.
Results Group 4 displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05) lymphedema regression compared with the other three groups.
Conclusions This optimized mouse model of VLNT shows to be handy and effective. It could be exploited to perform further experimental studies about the influence of VLNT on lymphedema. Moreover, the local association between VLNT and biological compounds in this model allows it to be a good preclinical model to identify new potential drugs in lymphedema.
Cefepime Dosing in Neonates: What is the Evidence?
Authors: McDonald Danielle , Shah Pooja 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Recommended cefepime dosing strategies in neonates varies in commonly utilized dosing references with regard to dose and frequency. The objective of this review is to summarize and evaluate the available literature describing cefepime dosing in neonatal patients.
Study Design We performed a literature review in MEDLINE using the keyword cefepime. The search was limited to the English language, humans, and patients <2 months of age. We evaluated four pharmacokinetic studies and two studies describing the use of cefepime in clinical practice.
Results The available studies assessing cefepime serum concentrations in neonatal patients demonstrated maintenance of adequate pharmacokinetic parameters when utilizing a dosing frequency of every 12 hours, specifically for organisms with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 8 mg/L. In studies evaluating clinical outcomes of cefepime use in neonates, the most frequent adverse effects reported included seizures and hypophosphatemia. Microbiologic cure was demonstrated with a dosing regimen of 50 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours.
Conclusion Cefepime dosed 30 to 50 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours may be appropriate to achieve a concentration two to four times above an MIC ≤ 8 mg/L for at least 60% of the dosing interval in neonatal patients.
The Development of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Publications: A Holistic Evolution of Global Literature with Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Doğan Gül , İpek Hülya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction Despite the fact that necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the reasons for morbidity and mortality in the newborn intensive care units, the literature indicates no bibliometric studies that made a holistic evaluation of the publications on this issue. This study aims to make a holistic evaluation of NEC publications to reveal the latest developments and trend topics.
Materials and Methods Bibliometric analyses were performed by retrieving all the publications in Web of Science (WoS: Web of Science Core Collection database maintained by Clarivate Analytics) database between 1980 and 2018 using the “necrotizing enterocolitis” keyword. The correlations between economic productivity, humanity index, and performances of the countries on the topic of NEC were investigated with Spearman's correlation coefficient.
Results A review of the related literature indicated 2,968 publications on NEC between 1980 and 2018. Of these publications, 1,690 (56.9%) were indexed in the article document category in WoS. There was an important increasing trend in the number of publications after 2006. Results of the present study showed that the Journal of Pediatric Surgery and Journal of Pediatrics were the top effective journal that contributed to the literature in terms of publication productivity. The top productive country that produced most publications about NEC was the United States (863, 51.1%).
Conclusion Research on NEC is conducted in a limited number of countries. There seem to be more research opportunities in the developed countries because survival rates of premature babies having a disease like NEC are lower in the undeveloped countries, and survival rates are higher in developed countries due to appropriate intensive care conditions. Therefore, undeveloped countries should be supported in terms of NEC and provided with funds.
Chylothorax: The Unusual Suspect
Authors: Madhusoodan Anusha C. , Gaude Gajanan S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA chylothorax results when the lymphatic duct becomes disrupted. It is an uncommon and poorly described complication of both Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of any histological type and grade. A 62-year-old female presented with dyspnea on exertion and dry cough for 15 days. Chest radiograph showed left-sided effusion. Pleural fluid reports were suggestive of chylothorax. Fluid was drained and CT thorax was performed which revealed multiple supra- and infradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy. Left supraclavicular lymph node biopsy revealed chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry of the same sample was reported as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of follicular type grade I/III (2008). Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed hypermetabolic areas in supra- and infradiaphragmatic lymph nodes and also in multiple bones (with surrounding regions encasement). Patient has received two cycles of chemotherapy with Bendamustine and Rituximab. She is on regular follow-up with the oncologist and doing fine.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in South Indian Women—Challenges and Outcomes
Authors: Mary Majella Jayaraj Cecily , Gnanavelu Ganesan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) continues to be a therapeutic challenge. Actual incidence is not exactly known as routine screening by echocardiogram is not recommended for all pregnant women across various parts of the world.
Aim We, in our study, report the incidence, clinical profile, and prognosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy among South Indian women in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods All pregnant ladies, referred for cardiac evaluation in the last month of pregnancy and 5 months postpartum, were included in this study. Transthoracic ehocardiography was used for the diagnosis of PPCM. The patients who were diagnosed with PPCM were followed-up clinically and echocardiographically for 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year.
Results Among 5,475 of pregnant women who were screened with transthoracic echocardiogram, 14 patients were diagnosed with PPCM (0.26%). All 14 PPCM patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV. The incidence of PPCM was high in primigravida in our subgroup. The thrombus burden was high, constituting 42.86% in our subgroup and mortality occurred in three patients.
Conclusion The incidence of PPCM was 0.25% in our subgroup, with high–thrombus burden. Hence, early diagnosis and proper anticoagulation is the need of the hour among appropriate patients along the heart failure management.
External jugular vein: clinical significance of variations in formation and course: a case report
Authors: KH Raviprasanna , Das Aditya Krishna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKnowledge of varying patterns of formation and termination of external jugular vein is not only important for anatomists but also for surgeons operating at this level and interventional radiologists who perform transjugular procedures. Two different variations related to formation and communications of external jugular vein were observed during routine dissection for the first MBBS students in the Department of Anatomy at Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Ernakulum in two different cadavers. The external jugular vein had a communicating channel with cephalic vein which traversed superficial to the clavicle on right side and in second cadaver the right external jugular vein was formed by union of undivided retromandibular vein with posterior auricular vein. Knowing the venous patterns in neck region is of paramount importance in order to avoid unnecessary bleeding during surgical procedures.
Disease modeling for public health: added value, challenges, and institutional constraints
Authors: Kretzschmar Mirjam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPublic health policymakers face increasingly complex questions and decisions and need to deal with an increasing quantity of data and information. For policy advisors to make use of scientific evidence and to assess available intervention options effectively and therefore indirectly for those deciding on and implementing public health policies, mathematical modeling has proven to be a useful tool. In some areas, the use of mathematical modeling for public health policy support has become standard practice at various levels of decision-making. To make use of this tool effectively within public health organizations, it is necessary to provide good infrastructure and ensure close collaboration between modelers and policymakers. Based on experience from a national public health institute, we discuss the strategic requirements for good modeling practice for public health. For modeling to be of maximal value for a public health institute, the organization and budgeting of mathematical modeling should be transparent, and a long-term strategy for how to position and develop mathematical modeling should be in place.
Acoustic analysis of hearing aid sound therapy programs
Authors: Hong Tiffany , Ralli Massimo , Stocking Christina , Sheppard Adam 
Published: November 2019

Background:
For many healthcare providers, tinnitus and hyperacusis are difficult symptoms to treat. There remains no conclusive cure for either symptom; however, helpful management strategies have been developed utilising counselling and sound therapy. Nowadays, most modern hearing aids have integrated sound therapy as a programable option; although, unlike hearing aid gain characteristics, output verification of sound therapy programs is not common practice. Recent electrophysiological studies suggest that accurately weighting the spectral content of noise in sound therapy could potentially lead to improved outcomes for tinnitus or hyperacusis patients.

Methods:
To determine if discrepancies exist between sound therapy programing software and hearing aid output, we compared the differences between software intensity settings and hearing aid outputs measured in a Verifit test box for three commonly dispensed manufactures.

Results:
Results indicate that hearing aid outputs are dramatically different from software readings, and each manufacture output was substantially different from each other. Furthermore, only one hearing aid incorporated audiometric data to normalize noise intensities across frequencies, and two of the aids reached potentially damaging levels. In sum, the data suggests clinical verification of sound therapy programs should be used to ensure the output is appropriate for individual patient’s hearing and consistent with the clinician’s desired approach to tinnitus management.