bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The resistance of various maize germplasms collected from several regions in Indonesia to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis)
Authors: Kalqutny S H , Pakki S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Downy mildew is one of the limiting factors of corn production in Indonesia. Several efforts have been needed to control pathogens, one of them is the development of resistant varieties. New resistant varieties must be developed to prevent a decrease in genetic diversity in a region due to dependence on one variety. Germplasms collected from a variety of different environmental conditions is a potential source of genetic diversity. This study aims to determine the resistance of maize germplasm accession to downy mildew caused by P. philippinensis. In this study, the total number of 96 accessions of maize germplasm were tested. The experiment was arranged in a group design with 2 replications. The intensity of downy mildew infection was observed based on the incidence of the disease in 25, and 35 days after planting(DAP). The value of Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) is also calculated based on the intensity of downy mildew infection in a particular observation period. One accession which showed high resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philipinensis) was obtained, namely accession number 808 with 0 per cent infection and 0 AUDPC value, lower than the resistant varieties (Bima 3) used as a comparison, which had an average 5-10% infection and 103.5 AUDPC value. The accession obtained can be used as the source of the downy mildew resistance trait for the development of the new highly resistant variety.
Natural enemy population of corn main pests in Maros experimental station at various stages of plant growth
Authors: Saenong M. Sudjak , Irma  , Reskiani Suci , Indayani Yulia , Iffaf Astri Febriana , Yuni  , Rahmawati  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study of natural enemy population density among the main predator species of corn plants was conducted in Maros Experimental Station (ES), Research Institute for Cereal Crops in 2018. The research uses direct patrol techniques, conducted by making direct observations in the field to record the presence of natural enemies. The natural enemies are observed by referring to Shepard et al. (1987) about insects which are beneficial for biological control of food crop pests. Identification of the presence of these natural enemies was carried out on several stadia (stages) of corn plants and on grass or plant habitus around the observation area as a comparison. Determination of plant samples was carried out on research plots and blocks around the Maros ES. The observation plots used 3 replications by taking 20-30 samples of plants per replication or a total of 60-90 observation/block units. Deuteronomy is a plot divided into 3 plots of observation whose width is adjusted to the area and length of the plot of the study. The recording of the insect population of natural enemies was conducted by calculating the number in each replicate plot by taking pictures of all types of insects found on the plant and then the results were identified in line with the guide book. The results of the recording were tabulated to find out the total average number of natural enemy populations that appear on the observation plot/block. Observations show that in Maros EF, the natural enemies identified and found in the location of observations are 8 types, each of which are Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius) also called dome beetle, Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur) or needle dragonfly, Micraspis sp. or coccinellid beetles, Oxyopes javanus (Thorel) or sharp eye spiders, Conocephalus longipennis (de Haan) or grasshoppers, Lycosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg and Strand) or wolf spiders, Limnogonus fossarum (Fabricius) or water bedbug, Tetragnatha maxillosa (Thorell) or long jaw spider.
Test of resistance in some of rice varieties to pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia Glumae
Authors: Amirullah Jazman Chaerul , Baharuddin  , Kuswinanti Tutik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Burkholderia glumae is a bacterium that causes grain rot disease in rice plants. In Indonesia, the disease inflicts yield losses to farmers but there have been no clear reports of the level of the attacks. This study was aimed to determine the development of the grain rot symptoms and the resistance of several rice varieties to grain rot disease. Eleven rice varieties that had been widely used by the farmers in South Sulawesi Province tested in this experiment. The B. glumae isolate used came from previous studies in our laboratory. B. glumae inoculation was performed in the generative phases of the rice plants by spraying the flowering panicles. Observations in the form of the impact of B. glumae inoculation on symptom incubation, and resistance of the varieties against the rice grains disease. In the generative phase, typical symptoms of grain rot disease developed on the inoculated plants. The varieties reaction against the disease varied. Varieties of Inpari 30, Inpari 4, Cigeulis, Ciliwung, Ciherang, and Inpari were highly resistant; Mekongga, Inpari 32 and Sidenuk varieties were medium to strong, then Inpari 33 was medium. Then the Cisantana variety was low to moderate. Of the eleven varieties, Cisantana variety has the highest severity of 61.02% and variety resistance is weak to medium. Further testing in the laboratory is needed to determine the presence of B. glumae which has been inoculated into plant tissue by sampling symptomatic and asymptomatic rice plants.
Major pests and diseases of maize and availability of control technology
Authors: Rahmawati Dian , Samrin  , Baharudin  , Warda  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The maize one commodities Indonesia of food, apart from rice, soybean, wheat and sorghum has the potential to feed, needs raw materials industries and handicrafts. To the improving quality and maize through to improved cultivation, varieties superior new, pest and disease control, handling harvest and post harvest. This paper aims to know pest and disease of the maize and strategic control. The lot of genus Athergiona in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Srilangka, Pakistan, Pacific Islands and Australia. The pest caterpillar of Spodoptera litura also came from State Southern Europe, Africa, India, China, Asia, Indonesia, Australia, United States and other Pacific Countries until the United. The pest species A. oryzae, A. exigua, Oxya sp., S. litura, H. armigera, O. furnacalis, O. nubilalis, S. exempta and N. viridula attack plants of maize on form of imago and larva active on day and night. The larva and imago strike base the bones of leaves, hair on the tunny, shoots of panicles, male flowers and sucking the juices on cobs young. Pest attacks has caused perforated of leaves, slow growth, yellowing, epidermis leaves transparent, rot, cobs open and maize dead. The disease blight leaves on a maize caused of H. turcicum Pass., P. Sorghi Schwein., P. maydis, P. philippinensis, Fusarium sp., Diplodia sp. and bacteria Erwinia sp. Disease and bacteria attacking of leaves surface of the top and bottom leaves the whole leaves are yellow, dwarf plants, maize cobs foul part or all and fall. Symptoms attack look the epidermis burst and masses of spores free cause urediosorus, small patches, evolved into blight green grey or dark brown. Infectious disease occurring through stomata of maize leaves young. Overpopulation pest and disease attack on the highest for the climate change dry to rainfall, rainy season, factors wetlands due to flow of irrigation, because high air humidity as well as abundance of food. Pest control 70-90% using natural enemies Systoechus sp., M. anisopliae, Trichogramma. spp, E. annulata, B. thuringensis, H. armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV), birds, spiders, and chemical, carbofuran, decis, the active monokrotofos, triazofos, diklhrofos 2-3 g per plants. Biodiversity control disease blight leaves of maize using T. Viride and nordox 56wp chemistry. Culture pest and disease control technical of maize with land cultivation, varieties hold, multiple cropping of maize with peanut or soybean alternation of host plant, with not in in proper time, fertilizing balanced, avoid planting during rainy season, male cutting part of the interest, environmental sanitation and environmentally friendly organic agriculture.
Density analysis of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with corn crop in South Sulawesi
Authors: Mirsam Hishar , Muis Amran , Nonci Nurnina , Azrai Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Plant damage by parasitic nematodes is less recognized by farmers and people working in agriculture because the symptoms of parasitic nematodes are generally non-specific, run very slowly, and often mix with symptoms by other pathogens. This study aims to determine the population density of plant parasitic nemetodes associated with several corn plantations in South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out at several centers of corn plantations in South Sulawesi, namely Malakaji (Gowa), Bajeng (Gowa), Bontobili, Maros, and Soppeng. Nematode extraction was done by the simple modified Baerman method. The density of the plant parasitc nematode (PPN) community calculated was absolute community density, relative community density, absolute frequency, relative frequency, frequency of all nematodes, and dominance values. The highest PPN density was found in the Bontobili area with a dominance value of 47.60%. There were 8 genera of PPN that infested corn and spread to several corn plantations in South Sulawesi, namely Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Longidorus, Xiphinema, Haplolaimus, Aphelencus, Tylenchus, and Meloidogyne. The results of this study can be used as a basis for monitoring pathogenic attacks on corn by farmers and other researchers
Flowering weeds and Coccinellids species in white maize field
Authors: Syatrawati  , Ngatimin Sri Nur Aminah , Asmawati  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The use of pesticides as a pest control in conventional cropping systems has caused various adverse effects such as pest resistance, resurgence and death of natural enemies. One of the best solutions is to use of natural enemies as biological control agents. Natural enemies can multiply quickly on flowering weed. The purpose of this research was to identify Coccinellids species and flowering weeds as a food source for them surrounding the maize field. Survey on the presence of Coccinellids species was conducted at maize field in Ta’deang, Maros district, South Sulawesi (5°2’7”S, Π9°41’6”E) in June until July 2019. Visual observation of Coccinellids species was conducted every weekend in the early morning. The survey was forming diagonally in fivesampling point (used 5 maize per sampling point) inside the maize field. Observation of Coccinellids species with interval 7 days. Flowering weeds were collected from similar field with Coccinellids species. The five sample of every flowering weeds were identified and recorded. The observations in white maize field from 35 to 56 days after planting indicate the common pest is grasshopper (Valanga sp.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and caterpillar hairy leaf Orgyia antiqua (Lepidoptera :Erebidae). Based on the identification of Coccinellids species in the white maize field, there are two lady bird beetle species such as Verania discolor and Menochilus sexmaculatus. Based on visual observations found flowering weeds such as :meniran/Phyllanthus niruri (Phyllanthaceae); Cleome rutidosperma (Capparidaceae); patikan/Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae), krokot/Portulaca sp. (Portulacaceae) and Eleusine indica (Poaceae). The results indicated that two types of Coccinellids were found living in four types of the flowering weeds in white maize field.
Impact of climate change to fall armyworm attack on maize in Karo District, North Sumatera
Authors: Nurzannah Sri Endah , Girsang Setia Sari , Girsang Moral Abadi , Effendi Roy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Climate change affects agriculture in some ways including changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes with an important impact on pests and diseases. Several types of pests that arise as a result of the climate change and attacked corn plant is Spodoptera frungiperda. This study aims to analyze the relationship between various climate factors with the area affected by Spodoptera frugiperda in the Karo District, North Sumatera. The area used in this study is Karo District, North Sumatera because this is the area with the widest area affected by FAW on maize cropping. The highest area affected on maize in Karo District occurred in April of 1.533 ha. The analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression. Climate factor data are used as independent variables and area affected data as dependent variables. Based on data analysis with multiple linear regression owned by all factors influence on the area affected with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.882. Climate factors that have a significant influence on the area affected are rainfall.
Growth and development models for West Timor maize landraces
Authors: Hosang Evert Y. , Syamsuddin  , Wish Jeremy P W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The adoption of hybrid maize and OPV’s in the ENT provinces was still under 45% and the use of maize landraces was above 55% The reasons farmers keep using their own traditional local maize remain unclear, but it is assumed that good adaptation to the local conditions and tolerance against maize weevils are the primary reasons. Modelling of a crop like maize (APSIM MODEL) can be used to predict the yield potential of the crop in an area based on the resources available within any particular season. Comparisons of simulated vs observed yields helps identify constraints and develop strategies to reduce the production risk Field planting of maize landraces and an improved variety was conducted at the research station of the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP NTT) in Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia. There were three West Timor maize landrace used in this field trial; they were white maize landrace A, B and C and Piet kuning variety It can be concluded that APSIM can be used to predict west Timor landraces growth with different rate of fertiliser. The model predicted that the grain yield of the landraces can be increased by synchronising the flowering time and applying N fertiliser. The addition of 100kg/ha of N is the optimum N fertilizer for maize farming systems in West Timor region because it will significantly increase the yields and maintain yields over time compared to the current practice of not applying N (the 0 application of N). If the cost of 100kg/ha N prohibits farmers from doing this then micro-dose and legume-maize integrated farming system approaches are alternative strategies to increase maize production in this region. The grain yield of West Timor maize landraces could be increased significantly by applying 100kg/ha of Urea. It is important to manage N fertilizer for both financial and environmental reasons.
Model production of corn development for industrial needs and increasing economy
Authors: Panikkai Sumarni , Azrai M. , Fahmi Femmi N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Regional economic development has many aspects that continue to change dynamically, planned and coordinated when viewed from a planning framework of the regional economic development, whether regionally, nationally or internationally. The regional economic development is aimed to the achievement of national development sub-system targets that organized territorially or spatially. The research method that was used is a dynamic system approach. The data used are secondary data obtained from various instances. Method of data analysis used dynamic system software. The results showed exponential growth trend of maize production. The pattern illustrates that an increase in national maize production over time. Model simulation results were acquired by using government intelligence strategy capable of increasing corn production and increase province economy. From extensification increase simulation results of 1.6 eh / year, it is capable of increasing corn production exceeding government’s target of 24,8 million ton in 2020, unable to fulfil the requirement of corn that increasing faster than corn production. The increase of national corn production will chip in towards farmer income, which indirectly contributes towards PDB until national economy.
Corn margin analysis in Takalar, South Sulawesi
Authors: Suddin Andi Faisal , Muslimin  , Sarintang  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Corn is the main crop commodity in terms of business aspects and the use of the results as raw material for food and animal feed. In Takalar district there are several patterns of corn marketing channels. This study aims to determine the pattern of corn marketing channels and the efficiency of corn marketing using margin analysis and farmers share methods. The analysis shows that there are 2 patterns of marketing channels, the first channel (farmers - village collectors - sub-district collectors - large traders - end consumers) with a total margin of Rp. 800 / kg and farmers share 78.9%, while in the second channel pattern (farmers - village collectors - large traders - end consumers) get a total margin of Rp. 750 / kg and farmers share 80.3%. The difference in margins and farmers share in the pattern of the first channel with the second channel shows that the longer the market chain, the greater the total marketing margin and the smaller the value of farmers share. For stakeholders, the results of this research can be information material for more efficient implementation of corn marketing.
Study on the effects of no tillage and perfect tillage on maize growth and biomass production for livestock feed
Authors: Amir  , Sarintang  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Land management techniques in this study are grouped into a full tillage and no tillage practices. Full tillage which generally uses simple tools for heavy equipment is basically aimed at controlling weeds and loosening the soil so that aeration and soil infiltration capacity increases. This study aims to examine the effect of land preparation and land preparation on maize growth and maize production. This research was conducted at the location of farmers in Takalar Regency in the dry season. The effects of the planting system indicate that the system is without soil; plant height (240.6 cm), biomass in cobs (7.3 t / ha), straw weight (22.1 t / ha), cob length (16.6 cm) and corn production (10.1 t/ha ). OL Perfect Land technology results; plant height (239.2 cm), biomass on cob (6.7 t / ha), straw weight (19.1 t / ha), cob length (16.4 cm) and corn production (9.8 t /ha ). The effect of varieties shows that Bima-2 and Bima-3 varieties are higher in the growth and yield components of corn than other varieties. While the interaction effect shows that the Bima-2 variety with the No Grounding planting system gives straw weight (27.6 t / ha) and corn production (13.5 t / ha) higher than the same variety as the fully Soil Cultivation system, namely weight straw (26.6 t / ha) and corn production (13.2 t / ha). The Gumarang variety in the Soil planting system gives a straw weight (18.2 t / ha) and dry shell corn production (7.9 t / ha) while the Perfect Earth planting system gives a straw weight (15.1 t / ha) and dry production shells corn (7.9 t / ha). t / ha) lowest among other interaction treatments. Potential yield of corn biomass is between 15-27 t / ha. The weight of straw produced from corn biomass is generally used as a source of animal feed consisting of stems, leaves and cob. The composition of corn biomass containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ash and extractives with their chemical composition, utilization of stems, leaves and cob for the fulfilment of nutritious livestock feed is very prospective.
Study of fishing vessels and fish caught in the fishing port of Dobo, Aru Islands, Maluku Province
Authors: Saleh Rachman , Sutanti Asri 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dobo is the capital of Aru Islands Districts which has waters area with the potential fish resources. Geographically, that is near from fishing ground that is Aru Sea and Arafura Sea. This is makes the fishing and carrier vessel was based in the Dobo Port. The composition of fishery vessels was based at Dobo Port is determine in fish caught in the Aru Islands. Increased productivity of fish caught can improve the welfare people, especially for Aru Islands people. Study of the composition of fishing vessels is based on the type, size and fishing gear. While studies of fish caught are unloaded was based on the number and type of catch. In 2018, based on the type of fishery vessel is dominated by fishing vessels become 997 units (90%). The vessels was based in Dobo Port are dominated by vessels over 30 GT are 84.31%. While based on the type of fishing gear are dominated by the squid fishing gear (43%). The fish catched are unloaded is dominated by squid (38%) in 2017 and malayan half (34%) in 2018.
Identification and classification of the types catch landed at Tual Fishing Port (PPN Tual)
Authors: Maulana Riyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Geographically, the city of Tual located in a strategic area, so that there are many fishing vessels operating in the Arafura Sea because of its relatively close location. Fishing Vessels, which running in Tual Fishing Port dominated by fishing vessels with purse seine fishing gear. Based on the results of the identification of the type of fish caught, the Order, which has the highest percentage is the Perciformes order with 66.67% and a total species of twelve species. Meanwhile, the Siluriformes, Pleuronectiformes, Clupeiformes, Carcharhiniformes orders had 5.56% each with one species for each order. The family with the highest percentage was from the Scombridae family, with a rate of 27.78% and five species, while the interest was 11.11% in the Carangidae family with two species. In other families, each of them had 5.56% with a single species each. The type of fish caught was mostly Indian Scad, representing 32.26% of the total catch or 384,874 kg. The lowest kind of fish was skipjack, with 0.06% or 675 kg, whereas the other types of fish were categorized as mixed fish or different types of fish, representing 10.10% of the total catch.
Reef fishes at waters of Kei Kecil Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Sahetapy Dicky , Retraubun A S W , Abrahamsz J , Makalaipessy M M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudy on reef fishes at waters of Kei Kecil Islands was conducted on October to November 2018. Eighteen stations of coral reef habitat were chosen randomly for this study and were observed by using underwater visual census method. The transect area of 250 m2(50 m length, 5 m width) was established at reef slope zone of each station and reef fish found in each transect was identified to the species level. At least 40 families of reef fish which consist to 120 genera and 381 spesies, and 3 of which are endemic species were found during the study. Those reef fish species found can be categorized into target species (141 species), major species (203 species) and indicator species (37 species). Coral Fish Diversity Index (CFDI) determined based on six indicator families indicate that relative diversity of reef fish in the study area can be classified into poor to good categories. Based on CFDI value, estimated number of reef fish in the coral reef of Kei Kecil Islands was 742 species.