bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin 2D‐Layered Cyclodextrin Membranes for High‐ Performance Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Huang Tiefan , Puspasari Tiara , Nunes Suzana P. , Peinemann Klaus‐Viktor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSynthetic membranes with a high selectivity for demanding molecular separations and high permeance have a large potential for the reduction of energy consumption in separation processes. Herein, for the first time, the fabrication of an ultrathin layered macrocycle membrane for molecular separation in organic solvent nanofiltration using per‐6‐amino‐β‐cyclodextrin as a monomer for membrane manufacturing by interfacial polymerization is reported. Compared to a regular nonfunctionalized cyclodextrin, a higher reactivity is observed, enabling a very fast membrane formation under mild conditions. The formed membrane is composed of a layered structure of polymerized cyclodextrin, which shows high stability in different organic solvents. The membrane exhibits excellent separation performance for organic solvent nanofiltration, both with nonpolar and polar solvents. Most importantly, this new membrane type can discriminate between molecules with nearly identical molecular weights but different shapes. The unmatched high permeance and shape selectivity of the membranes can be attributed to the ultralow thickness, controlled microporosity, as well as the layered macrocycle structure, which makes the membranes promising for high‐performance molecular separation in the chemical and biochemistry industry.
27%‐Efficiency Four‐Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells by Sandwiched Gold Nanomesh
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Zhu Xuejie , Zuo Shengnan , Chen Ming , Zhang Cong , Wang Chenyu , Ren Xiaodong , Yang Zhou , Liu Zhike , Xu Xixiang , Chang Qing , Yang Shaofei , Meng Fanying , Liu Zhengxin , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Yang Dong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultijunction/tandem solar cells have naturally attracted great attention because they are not subject to the Shockley–Queisser limit. Perovskite solar cells are ideal candidates for the top cell in multijunction/tandem devices due to the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and relatively low voltage loss. Herein, sandwiched gold nanomesh between MoO3 layers is designed as a transparent electrode. The large surface tension of MoO3 effectively improves wettability for gold, resulting in Frank–van der Merwe growth to produce an ultrathin gold nanomesh layer, which guarantees not only excellent conductivity but also great optical transparency, which is particularly important for a multijunction/tandem solar cell. The top MoO3 layer reduces the reflection at the gold layer to further increase light transmission. As a result, the semitransparent perovskite cell shows an 18.3% efficiency, the highest reported for this type of device. When the semitransparent perovskite device is mechanically stacked with a heterojunction silicon solar cell of 23.3% PCE, it yields a combined efficiency of 27.0%, higher than those of both the sub‐cells. This breakthrough in elevating the efficiency of semitransparent and multijunction/tandem devices can help to break the Shockley–Queisser limit.
Nonlinear Beam Shaping in Domain Engineered Ferroelectric Crystals
Authors: Hu Xiaopeng , Zhang Yong , Zhu Shining 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDomain engineered ferroelectric crystals are a type of microstructure functional material that is used widely in the area of nonlinear optics. Herein, research processes in the area of nonlinear beam shaping using domain engineered crystals in the past decade are reviewed. The newly developed design methods, such as the nonlinear Huygens–Fresnel principle, nonlinear volume holography, and caustic design, which have analogs in linear optics, are introduced. Using the proposed methods for nonlinear beam shaping, multiple function integration, generation of Airy beams, and arbitrary curved trajectories are realized. As an extra degree of freedom, orbital angular momentum of light beams is generated and manipulated through domain engineering. Discussions and future directions in this field are presented.
Remotely Light‐Powered Soft Fluidic Actuators Based on Plasmonic‐Driven Phase Transitions in Elastic Constraint
Authors: Meder Fabian , Naselli Giovanna Adele , Sadeghi Ali , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaterials capable of actuation through remote stimuli are crucial for untethering soft robotic systems from hardware for powering and control. Fluidic actuation is one of the most applied and versatile actuation strategies in soft robotics. Here, the first macroscale soft fluidic actuator is derived that operates remotely powered and controlled by light through a plasmonically induced phase transition in an elastomeric constraint. A multiphase assembly of a liquid layer of concentrated gold nanoparticles in a silicone or styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene elastic pocket forms the actuator. Upon laser excitation, the nanoparticles convert light of specific wavelength into heat and initiate a liquid‐to‐gas phase transition. The related pressure increase inflates the elastomers in response to laser wavelength, intensity, direction, and on–off pulses. During laser‐off periods, heating halts and condensation of the gas phase renders the actuation reversible. The versatile multiphase materials actuate—like soft “steam engines”—a variety of soft robotic structures (soft valve, pnue‐net structure, crawling robot, pump) and are capable of operating in different environments (air, water, biological tissue) in a single configuration. Tailored toward the near‐infrared window of biological tissue, the structures actuate also through animal tissue for potential medical soft robotic applications.
A Silver‐Catalyzed Modular Intermolecular Access to 6,6‐Spiroketals
Authors: Ahrens Alexander , Heinrich Niklas F. , Kohl Simon R. , Hokamp Martha , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA modular synthesis of 6,6‐spiroketals via silver catalysis is reported. By combining an intermolecular Michael addition and a 6‐endo‐dig cyclization, this cascade reaction allows the modular preparation of highly substituted 6,6‐spiroketals by combining two substrate molecules. Established methods accessing this interesting substructure are complemented by this new transformation. The protocol tolerates diverse substitution patterns and functional groups.magnified image
Engaging Emergency Medicine Influencers in Sex‐ and Gender‐based Medicine: Lessons Learned from the Sex and Gender Interest Group in Emergency Medicine and the SAEM Jeopardy Game
Authors: Wolfe Jeannette , Safdar Basmah , Sethuraman Kinjal N. , Greenberg Marna R. , Madsen Tracy E. , Jarman Angela F. , McGregor Alyson J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) interest group of the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) was established to increase research and to disseminate knowledge about the influence of sex and/or gender in acute care medicine and on patient outcomes. To help facilitate these goals, over the past 4 years, SGEM has created, delivered, and honed a Jeopardy‐like scientific quiz game for the annual SAEM national meeting. Here we describe the SAEM Jeopardy Game’s development, implementation, evolution, and outcomes as well as our targeted approach to access and engage emergency medicine stakeholders in its participation.
The early achievement of measurable residual disease negativity in the treatment of adults with Philadelphia‐negative B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a strong predictor for survival
Authors: Yilmaz Musa , Kantarjian Hagop , Wang Xuemei , Khoury Joseph D. , Ravandi Farhad , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Short Nicholas J. , Loghavi Sanam , Cortes Jorge , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kadia Tapan , Sasaki Koji , Konopleva Marina , Takahashi Koichi , Wierda William , Jain Nitin , Verstovsek Srdan , Estrov Zeev , Bose Prithviraj , Pierce Sherry , Garris Rebecca , O'Brien Susan , Jabbour Elias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe minimal or measurable residual disease (MRD) status following induction/consolidation chemotherapy is an important prognostic endpoint in adult patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the optimal time‐point (TP) of MRD assessment and its impact on outcome remains unclear. We analyzed 215 patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia negative B‐cell ALL who received intensive chemotherapy, and had available MRD assessment by multicolor flow cytometry at two separate TPs. The median time to first TP (1TP) and second TP (2TP) were 24 and 110 days, respectively. At 1TP, 148 patients (68%) were MRD negative and 67 (32%) were positive. Of the 148 patients with negative MRD at 1TP, 147 (99%) maintained it through 2TP. Patients who were MRD negative at both TPs, early MRD responders, had the 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) rates of 65% and 76%, respectively. Patients with improved MRD status from positive to negative, late MRD responders, had lower 3‐year EFS and OS rates, 42% and 58%, respectively (P= .001). Multivariate analysis showed thatKMT2A(MLL) rearrangement and MRD positivity at 1TP were the only factors correlated with worse OS. In conclusion, the earlier achievement of MRD negative remission is a stronger prognostic factor for survival.
Hybrid Dispersion Dirac Semimetal and Hybrid Weyl Phases in Luttinger Semimetals: A Dynamical Approach
Authors: Ghorashi Sayed Ali Akbar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is shown that hybrid Dirac and Weyl semimetals can be realized in a 3D Luttinger semimetal with quadratic band touching (QBT). This is illustrated using a periodic kicking scheme. In particular, the focus is on a momentum‐dependent driving (nonuniform driving) and the realization of various hybrid Dirac and Weyl semimetals is demonstrated. A unique hybrid dispersion Dirac semimetal with two nodes is identified, where one of the nodes is linear while the other is dispersed quadratically. Next, it is shown that by tilting QBT via periodic driving and in the presence of an external magnetic field, one can realize various single/double hybrid Weyl semimetals depending on the strength of external field. Finally, it is noted that in principle, phases that are found in this work can also be realized by employing the appropriate electronic interactions.
Pathways of Methane Transformation over Copper‐Exchanged Mordenite as Revealed by In Situ NMR and IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Sushkevich Vitaly L. , Verel René , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe reaction of methane with copper‐exchanged mordenite with two different Si/Al ratios was studied by means of in situ NMR and infrared spectroscopies. The detection of NMR signals was shown to be possible with high sensitivity and resolution, despite the presence of a considerable number of paramagnetic CuII species. Several types of surface‐bonded compounds were found after reaction, namely molecular methanol, methoxy species, dimethyl ether, mono‐ and bidentate formates, CuI monocarbonyl as well as carbon monoxide and dioxide, which were present in the gas phase. The relative fractions of these species are strongly influenced by the reaction temperature and the structure of the copper sites and is governed by the Si/Al ratio. While methoxy species bonded to Brønsted acid sites, dimethyl ether and bidentate formate species are the main products over copper‐exchange mordenite with a Si/Al ratio of 6; molecular methanol and monodentate formate species were observed mainly over the material with a Si/Al ratio of 46. These observations are important for understanding the methane partial oxidation mechanism and for the rational design of the active materials for this reaction.
To Sandwich Technetium: Highly Functionalized Bis‐Arene Complexes [99mTc(η6‐arene)2]+ Directly from Water and [99mTcO4]−
Authors: Nadeem Qaisar , Meola Giuseppe , Braband Henrik , Bolliger Robin , Blacque Olivier , Hernández‐Valdés Daniel , Alberto Roger 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe labeling of (bio)molecules with metallic radionuclides such as 99mTc demands conjugated, multidentate chelators. However, this is not always necessary since phenyl rings can directly serve as integrated, organometallic ligands. Bis‐arene sandwich complexes are generally prepared by the Fischer–Hafner reaction. In extension of this, we show that [99mTc(η6‐C6R6)2]+‐type complexes are directly accessible from water and [99mTcO4]−, even using arenes incompatible with Fischer–Hafner conditions. To unambiguously confirm the nature of these unprecedented 99mTc complexes, their rhenium homologous have been prepared by substituting naphthalene ligands in [Re(η6‐C10H8)2]+ with the corresponding phenyl groups. The ease with which highly stable [99mTc(η6‐C6R6)2]+ complexes are formed under standard labeling conditions enables a multitude of new potential imaging agents based on commercial pharmaceuticals or lead structures.
Numerical investigation of multiphase flow in supersonic separator considering inner body effect
Authors: Niknam Pouriya H. , Fiaschi Daniele , Mortaheb Hamid Reza , Mokhtarani Babak 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents research on the supersonic nozzle geometry with particular emphasis on the effect of the internal body of the nozzle that largely affects the separation efficiency. A numerical investigation of the supersonic nozzle with an internal solid body, which forms an annular flow inside the convergent–divergent nozzle is carried out. The present study revealed different hydrodynamic behaviors of the nozzle, exploring different shapes of the inner body, and the computational fluid dynamic simulations of the supersonic nozzle is utilized to find out the best geometrical design. Utilizing a coupled pressure–velocity scheme with high order of discretization of the governing equation yielded to find the shockwave positions in different conditions. The turbulent behavior of the fluid in the shockwave zone is well discussed and the phase‐change phenomena for the natural gas application are studied considering both water condensation and hydrocarbon condensation simultaneously. Different nozzle configuration elucidates the physical mechanisms of the supersonic flow inside the nozzle. Shockwave position, swirling velocity stability, and mass flow capacity are investigated. The lower the inner body radius, the less the change of shockwave position in the gas is found. Also, the higher stability of swirling velocity magnitude is found for the convergent–divergent inner body, which brings enhanced physical phase separation.
Surface treatment of eucalyptus wood for improved HDPE composites properties
Authors: Gama Nuno , Barros‐Timmons Ana , Ferreira Artur , Evtuguin Dmitry 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effect of Eucalyptus globulus wood (UE) used as a filler (5–20% w/w) on the physical and thermal properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was evaluated. To improve the compatibility with HDPE, the wood was modified (TE) using crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production. The addition of 20% (w/w) of UE or TE led to more rigid and durable composite materials compared to neat HDPE (about 50 or 100% increase in tensile strength, respectively). Composites also revealed 55–75°C higher temperatures at maximal degradation rates. The advantageous behavior of TE over UE in composites was attributed to the improvement of surface morphology of modified wood and it is better compatibility with the HDPE as revealed by surface energy analysis. The changes in wetting behavior of HDPE and ensuing HDPE‐TE composites (contact angles of ca 72 and 80°, respectively) explain the matrix‐filler interactions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48619.
Quantitative analysis of arterial supply to the developing brain in tetrapod vertebrates
Authors: Yu Eamon , Ashwell Ken W. S. , Shulruf Boaz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the metabolic cost of building developing tetrapod brains is critically important to explaining the more than 10‐fold differences in encephalization of adult tetrapods that have emerged during evolution. The exact metabolic costs of developing the variety of tetrapod brains are impossible to determine, but one can compare cerebral artery caliber (internal radius raised to the fourth power—r4) across developing tetrapod vertebrate groups as a proxy of cerebral arterial flow, the delivery of nutrients during embryogenesis and early postnatal development, and hence the metabolic costs of brain development. In this study, r4 of aortic outflow and cerebral inflow arteries, as well as aortic wall thickness as a proxy of arterial pressure, were measured and compared between developing representatives of all four tetrapod classes (mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians). We found a clear endotherm/ectotherm dichotomy in aortic outflow and cerebral inflow between developing mammals and birds on the one hand, and developing reptiles and amphibians on the other. We did not find strong evidence for functionally significant differences in cerebral arterial caliber between groups at the order level (i.e., within birds, reptiles or amphibians). In particular, we did not find evidence in favor of increased blood supply to the brain for more behaviorally complex and encephalized avian species.
Using Autoantibodies and Cutaneous Subset to Develop Outcome‐Based Disease Classification in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Nihtyanova Svetlana I. , Sari Alper , Harvey Jennifer C. , Leslie Anna , Derrett‐Smith Emma C. , Fonseca Carmen , Ong Voon H. , Denton Christopher P. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the associations between autoantibodies, clinical presentation, and outcomes among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in order to develop a novel SSc classification scheme that would incorporate both antibodies and the cutaneous disease subset as criteria.MethodsDemographic and clinical characteristics, including cutaneous subset, time of disease and organ complication onset, and autoantibody specificities, were determined in a cohort of SSc subjects. Survival analysis was used to assess the effect of the autoantibodies on organ disease and death.ResultsThe study included 1,325 subjects. Among the antibody/skin disease subsets, anticentromere antibody–positive patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) (n = 374) had the highest 20‐year survival (65.3%), lowest incidence of clinically significant pulmonary fibrosis (PF) (8.5%) and scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) (0.3%), and lowest incidence of cardiac SSc (4.9%), whereas the frequency of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was similar to the mean value in the SSc cohort overall. The anti–Scl‐70+ groups of patients with lcSSc (n = 138) and patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) (n = 149) had the highest incidence of clinically significant PF (86.1% and 84%, respectively, at 15 years). Anti‐Scl‐70+ patients with dcSSc had the lowest survival (32.4%) and the second highest incidence of cardiac SSc (12.9%) at 20 years. In contrast, in anti‐Scl‐70+ patients with lcSSc, other complications were rare, and these patients demonstrated the lowest incidence of PH (6.9%) and second highest survival (61.8%) at 20 years. Anti–RNA polymerase antibody–positive SSc patients (n = 147) had the highest incidence of SRC (28.1%) at 20 years. The anti–U3 RNP+ SSc group (n = 56) had the highest incidence of PH (33.8%) and cardiac SSc (13.2%) at 20 years. Among lcSSc patients with other autoantibodies (n = 295), the risk of SRC and cardiac SSc was low at 20 years (2.7% and 2.4%, respectively), while the frequencies of other outcomes were similar to the mean values in the full SSc cohort. Patients with dcSSc who were positive for other autoantibodies (n = 166) had a poor prognosis, demonstrating the second lowest survival (33.6%) and frequent organ complications.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of autoantibodies, cutaneous subset, and disease duration when assessing morbidity and mortality in patients with SSc. Our novel classification scheme may improve disease monitoring and benefit future clinical trial designs in SSc.
CD4+ Memory Stem T Cells Recognizing Citrullinated Epitopes Are Expanded in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sensitive to Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockade
Authors: Cianciotti Beatrice C. , Ruggiero Eliana , Campochiaro Corrado , Oliveira Giacomo , Magnani Zulma I. , Baldini Mattia , Doglio Matteo , Tassara Michela , Manfredi Angelo A. , Baldissera Elena , Ciceri Fabio , Cieri Nicoletta , Bonini Chiara 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveMemory stem T (Tscm) cells are long‐lived, self‐renewing T cells that play a relevant role in immunologic memory. This study was undertaken to investigate whether Tscm cells accumulate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThe polarization and differentiation profiles of circulating T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Antigen‐specific T cells were characterized by staining with major histocompatibility complex class II tetramers. The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing using an unbiased RNA‐based approach in CD4+ T cell subpopulations sorted by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.ResultsWe analyzed the dynamics of circulating Tscm cells (identified as CD45RA+CD62L+CD95+ T cells) by flow cytometry in 27 RA patients, 16 of whom were also studied during treatment with the anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agent etanercept. Age‐matched healthy donors were used as controls. CD4+ Tscm cells were selectively and significantly expanded in RA patients in terms of frequency and absolute numbers, and significantly contracted upon anti‐TNF treatment. Expanded CD4+ Tscm cells displayed a prevalent Th17 phenotype and a skewed TCR repertoire in RA patients, with the 10 most abundant clones representing up to 53.7% of the detected sequences. CD4+ lymphocytes specific for a citrullinated vimentin (Cit‐vimentin) epitope were expanded in RA patients with active disease. Tscm cells accounted for a large fraction of Cit‐vimentin–specific CD4+ cells.ConclusionOur results indicate that Tscm cells, including expanded clones specific for relevant autoantigens, accumulate in RA patients not exposed to biologic agents, and might be involved in the natural history of the disease. Further analysis of Tscm cell dynamics in autoimmune disorders may have implications for the design and efficacy assessment of innovative therapies.