bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle stem cell isolation and in vitro culture for meat production: A methodological review
Authors: Choi Kwang‐Hwan , Yoon Ji Won , Kim Minsu , Lee Hyun Jung , Jeong Jinsol , Ryu Minkyung , Jo Cheorun , Lee Chang‐Kyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCultured muscle tissue‐based protein products, also known as cultured meat, are produced through in vitro myogenesis involving muscle stem cell culture and differentiation, and mature muscle cell processing for flavor and texture. This review focuses on the in vitro myogenesis for cultured meat production. The muscle stem cell–based in vitro muscle tissue production consists of a sequential process: (1) muscle sampling for stem cell collection, (2) muscle tissue dissociation and muscle stem cell isolation, (3) primary cell culture, (4) upscaled cell culture, (5) muscle differentiation and maturation, and (6) muscle tissue harvest. Although muscle stem cell research is a well‐established field, the majority of these steps remain to be underoptimized to enable the in vitro creation of edible muscle‐derived meat products. The profound understanding of the process would help not only cultured meat production but also business sectors that have been seeking new biomaterials for the food industry. In this review, we discuss comprehensively and in detail each step of cutting‐edge methods for cultured meat production. This would be meaningful for both academia and industry to prepare for the new era of cellular agriculture.
Carbon footprint of a hemodialysis unit in Morocco
Authors: Mtioui Naoufal , Zamd Mohamed , Ait Taleb Abdellah , Bouaalam Abdellah , Ramdani Benyounes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate changes have a major influence on the overall health of the population. They are directly linked to the emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG). The extent of GHG emission in relation to hemodialysis has been measured by several studies all over the world. Up to this date, no similar study has been conducted in Morocco. Therefore, the objective of our study is to conduct a review of the GHG emissions and to evaluate its specificities in order to establish a targeted action plan to reduce the ecological impact of hemodialysis in Morocco. To do this, we sought the help of a certified audit firm. Carbon Footprint tool (L'outil Bilan Carbon), established in Morocco in collaboration with Mohammed VI Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, was used to analyze the results collected for the year 2019. Our unit (conventional hemodialysis 3 × 4 hours, 424 m2, 24 generators, 80 patients, and 29 nursing staff) generates 408.98 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year (t CO₂‐eq per year) or 5.11 TeqCO2 per patient per year. The largest contributors to GHG emissions are electrical energy consumption (28%), equipment purchase and services (27%), and staff and patients travel (22%). The use of renewable energy for the operation of hemodialysis centers can be a realistic solution to reduce the ecological impact of this type of healthcare in Morocco.
Association Between ALDH2 Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk in Terms of Alcohol Consumption: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Joo Kang Seung , Shin Cheol Min , Sung Joohon , Kim Nayoung 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAlcohol may increase gastric cancer risk. Alcohol can be more carcinogenic in persons who possess inactive ALDH2. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate whether ALDH2 polymorphism can affect alcohol‐induced gastric carcinogenesis.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant articles published between January 2000 and September 2019. Eligible articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsA total of 7 case–control studies on ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism consisting of 3,251 gastric cancer cases and 4,943 controls were included in the analysis. Inactive ALDH2 genotypes (G/A or A/A) were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 1.52, p = 0.02, I2 = 64%), compared with active ALDH2 (G/G genotype). Subgroup analysis by alcohol consumption showed that inactive ALDH2 increased risk for gastric cancer in moderate to heavy drinkers (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.52 to 2.25, p < 0.01, I2 = 6%) more than in nondrinkers or mild drinkers (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.36, p < 0.01, I2 = 6%). Moderate/heavy alcohol consumption increased gastric cancer risk in individuals with inactive ALDH2 (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.63 to 3.05, p < 0.01, I2 = 30%) more than those with active ALDH2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.01, p = 0.07, I2 = 85%).ConclusionsThe ALDH2 polymorphism modifies the risk of gastric cancer. Moderate/heavy drinkers are more susceptible to gastric cancer than non‐drinkers or light drinkers with inactive ALDH2.
Effect of severe litigation and bank connection on bank financing in China
Authors: Guo Hongling , Xiao Zuoping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe empirically examine the effect of severe litigation, bank connection and their interaction on firms’ access to bank financing based on China’s background. We find that (i) firms with a recent history of severe litigation experience a decrease in bank financing regardless of whether they are defendants or plaintiffs; (ii) firms with bank connections obtain more bank financing; and (iii) bank connection can mitigate the detrimental impact of severe litigation on bank financing. Our findings suggest that banks recognise the high costs and risks of severe litigation to firms, thus imposing more financing constraints on firms with severe litigation. Meanwhile, bank connection can help firms recover from the detrimental impact of severe litigation, corroborating the argument that informal mechanisms, such as those based on social relations, promote financial transactions and thus the growth of firms in China.
Correlation between endodontic pulpal/periapical disease and retrograde peri‐implantitis: A case series
Authors: Di Murro Bianca , Papi Piero , Di Murro Carlo , Pompa Giorgio , Gambarini Gianluca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRetrograde peri‐implantitis is a symptomatic complication, characterised by radiographic detection of bone loss at the periapex of the implant. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible endodontic aetiology, evaluating the effectiveness of surgical treatment without endodontic therapy of adjacent teeth. In the 10‐year interval, three patients reported symptoms of retrograde peri‐implantitis after a mean period of 30.6 days from implant placement. Mean follow‐up after surgical procedures was 8.66 years, with an implant survival of 100%. Retrograde peri‐implantitis was probably caused by colonisation of the apical surface of the implant by bacteria persisting in the area after endodontic failure/apical periodontitis, reactivated by drilling in the site. In all cases, the adjacent teeth remained vital during the years, showing that a direct cause‐and‐effect relationship between pulpal/periapical disease of adjacent teeth and retrograde peri‐implantitis was never present.
Real‐time intracanal temperature measurement comparing mechanically and laser‐activated irrigation to syringe irrigation
Authors: Donnermeyer David , Schäfer Edgar , Bürklein Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntibacterial activity and tissue dilution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are improved by moderately heating the irrigant. Temperature can be risen by preheating or intracanal activation. To assess intracanal temperature development of NaOCl during irrigation activation and syringe activation (SI) in a closed system at 37°C, Type‐K thermocouples were inserted close to the root canal of one human single‐rooted maxillary canine at the apex and 5 and 10 mm from the apical foramen via drilled holes. The root was positioned in a plastic vial filled with alginate simulating surrounding biological structures. Experiments were performed in a closed environment at 37°C (n = 14): EA: EndoActivator (Dentsply Sirona), EDDY: EDDY (VDW), PUI: passive ultrasonic irrigation, PIPS: Photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (Fotona), S60: SI of 60°C‐NaOCl, S45: SI of 45°C‐NaOCl, and S20: SI of 20°C‐NaOCl. S45, PUI and EDDY lead to minor intracanal temperature increases. EA and PIPS did not influence the intracanal temperature. SI with 60°C‐NaOCl resulted in higher intracanal temperatures than activation systems. Temperature dissipation into simulated tissues buffered intracanal temperature changes.
Advance care planning in New Zealand: A qualitative study of the motivators and barriers to uptake
Authors: Brown Wendy , Baken Donald , Stephens Christine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveAs a follow‐up to the first national survey of advance care planning uptake in New Zealand, which demonstrated a low level of plan completion, this study seeks to better understand the motivators and barriers associated with uptake.MethodsUsing a qualitative approach and a purposeful sampling method, nine interviewees participated in semi‐structured interviews exploring in further depth their knowledge, attitudes and activities in relation to planning for end‐of‐life care. Thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts and several key themes identified.ResultsThe five key themes were Knowledge of Advance Care Planning; Incomplete Planning; Relational Autonomy; Focus on Family; and Still Time to Plan.ConclusionA stepped process to encourage planning uptake is suggested, with legal and financial steps preceding the making of more personal values–based decisions salient to a serious diagnosis.
Tree species composition and diversity in Miombo woodlands between co‐managed and government‐managed regimes, Malawi
Authors: Gondwe Monica Fides Kalagho , Geldenhuys Coert Johannes , Chirwa Paxie Wanangwa Chikusie , Assédé Emeline Sêssi Pélagie , Syampungani Stephen , Cho Moses Azong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComparative information on the composition and diversity in tree species associations in Miombo woodland is limited. This study assessed how tree species associations across forest reserves of Miombo woodland in Malawi varied in composition and diversity concerning site factors and resource use disturbances under co‐management versus government management. Eighty nested circular plots, randomly selected in ArcGIS, were sampled to record stem diameter at breast height (DBH) of tree species: 0.04 ha for stems 5–29.9 cm DBH and 0.16 ha for stems ≥30 cm DBH. The recorded 109 tree species grouped into communities and 14 sub‐communities, using stem counts by species in TWINSPAN analysis. Sub‐divisions to level 5 showed eigenvalues ≥0.3, symbolising the stability of sub‐divisions. North/South sub‐divisions related to site factors; historical/current resource use influenced differences at levels 3–5. Species importance differed, indicating few important species in each sub‐community.BrachystegiaandJulbernardiaspecies showed importance across sub‐communities whileUapaca sansibaricain government management. Disturbances stimulated high species diversity. Recommendations include the need for a policy review towards group‐felling mature stands to stimulate regeneration and selective thinning of suppressed stems in stand development stages to maintain species diversity, productive recovery, diverse resource use value, and monitoring of harvesting impacts.
Practice parameters for diagnosing and managing iodinated contrast media hypersensitivity
Authors: Torres María José , Trautmann Axel , Böhm Ingrid , Scherer Kathrin , Barbaud Annick , Bavbek Sevim , Bonadonna Patrizia , Cernadas Josefina Rodrigues , Chiriac Anca Mirela , Gaeta Francesco , Gimenez‐Arnau Ana M. , Kang Hye‐Ryun , Moreno Esther , Brockow Knut 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmediate and nonimmediate hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media (ICM) have been reported to occur in a frequency of about 0.5%‐3% of patients receiving nonionic ICM. The diagnosis and management of these patients vary among guidelines published by various national and international scientific societies, with recommendations ranging from avoidance or premedication to drug provocation test. This position paper aims to give recommendations for the management of patients with ICM hypersensitivity reactions and analyze controversies in this area. Skin tests are recommended as the initial step for diagnosing patients with immediate and nonimmediate hypersensitivity reactions; besides, they may also help guide on tolerability of alternatives. Re‐exposition or drug provocation test should only be done with skin test‐negative ICMs. The decision for performing either re‐exposition or drug provocation test needs to be taken based on a risk‐benefit analysis. The role of in vitro tests for diagnosis and pretreatment for preventing reactions remains controversial.
Effect of summer heat stress on gene expression in bovine uterine endometrial tissues
Authors: Bai Hanako , Ukita Haruka , Kawahara Manabu , Mitani Tomohiro , Furukawa Eri , Yanagawa Yojiro , Yabuuchi Naoto , Kim Heejin , Takahashi Masashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeat stress negatively affects reproductive functions in cows. Increased temperature disturbs fetal development in utero. However, the effect of heat stress on uterine endometrial tissues has not been fully examined. Using qPCR analysis, we measured the mRNA expression of various molecular markers in uterine endometrial tissue of dairy cows from Hokkaido, Japan, in winter and summer. Markers examined were heat shock proteins (HSPs), antioxidant enzymes (catalase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase 4), inflammatory cytokines, and interferon stimulated genes. Our results showed heat stress, body and milk temperatures were higher during summer than during winter. Expression levels of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP90 mRNA, and of catalase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase mRNA were lower in summer than in winter. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression was higher in summer than in winter. In conclusion, summer heat stress may reduce the expression of HSPs, affecting the levels of inflammatory cytokines in bovine uterine endometrial tissue.
Altered immune response to the annual influenza A vaccine in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Alimam Samah , Ann Timms Jessica , Harrison Claire N. , Dillon Richard , Mare Tracey , DeLavallade Hugues , Radia Deepti , Woodley Claire , Francis Yvonne , Sanchez Katy , Kordasti Shahram , McLornan Donal P. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe seasonal influenza A vaccine is recommended for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We hypothesised that immune deregulation associated with MPNs may affect the immune response gained following vaccinations when compared to healthy controls. Using deep immunophenotyping with high‐dimensional single‐cell analysis and mass cytometry we could demonstrate an altered immune response in MPN patients following vaccination. We found that prior to vaccination, MPN patients had reduced numbers of naive CD4 T cells. Furthermore, at 3‐weeks and 3‐months post‐vaccination there was evidence of both delayed and impaired B‐ and T‐memory cells responses. Thus, although, the immune systems of MPN patients can 'recognise' the Influenza A vaccine, the response appears inferior compared to healthy controls.
Reassessing the inflation uncertainty‐inflation relationship in the tails
Authors: Bampinas Georgios , Konstantinou Panagiotis , Panagiotidis Theodore 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe revisit the relationship between inflation and its uncertainty, using monthly US data from 1947 to 2014. We employ the cross–quantilogram approach introduced by Han, Linton, Oka, and Whang (2016), that allows testing for directional predictability across the different segments of the conditional distribution. Our results show that the US inflation‐uncertainty relation is non‐monotonic and asymmetric, while is more pronounced in the tails. Low inflation does not lead to lower long‐term inflation uncertainty. The evidence also suggests that inflation–uncertainty future realizations differ substantially in response to large positive/negative shocks.
Efficacy of a self‐help parenting intervention for parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adjunct to usual treatment—Small‐scale randomized controlled trial
Authors: Daley David , Tarver Joanne , Sayal Kapil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultimodal intervention incorporating psychosocial intervention and medication is recommended for school‐aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the adjunctive benefit of the self‐help version of the New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP‐SH) when offered in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) compared with TAU alone.MethodFifty‐two children, receiving medication for ADHD as part of their usual care, were randomized to receive NFPP‐SH + TAU or TAU alone.ResultsWhen used in adjunct to TAU, NFPP‐SH may have beneficial effects for parenting efficacy (F = 6.28, p = 0.02), child social performance in school and negative comments made by parents during a recorded speech sample. However, the self‐help intervention did not have any additional effect on child behaviour.ConclusionsThis study provides further support for self‐help interventions as potentially low‐intensity and cost‐effective alternatives to therapist‐led parenting interventions. The findings require replication in larger samples before any firm conclusions about adjunctive efficacy of NFPP‐SH can be drawn but underline the potential for self‐help within routine treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02174952).
Clinical and radiological characteristics of oro‐antral communications/fistulae due to implant dentistry procedures: A cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Ben‐Zvi Yehonatan , Rosenfeld Eli , Masri Daya , Avishai Gal , Chaushu Gavriel , Chaushu Liat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesAssess the unique clinical and radiological sequelae following oro‐antral communications/fistulae (OAC/OAF) due to implant dentistry vs other etiologies.Materials and MethodsA structured form served to collect data from medical records. All consecutive patients who underwent surgical closure of OACs/OAFs between 2003 and 2020, at a single center were included. Demographic, radiological, clinical, operative and postoperative characteristics were collected. The differences between groups (cases with implant dentistry etiology [IDE] vs cases with other etiologies) were assessed statistically.ResultsData were gathered from 121 cases. The findings show that IDE cases were more likely to be of older age (OR = 1.07, CI [1.02, 1.13] P = .02); to have a foreign body in the maxillary sinus (OR = 21.04, CI [4.34, 114.92] P < .01); to have fluid passage (OR = 11.40, CI [1.87, 118.73] P = .02) and purulent discharge through the fistula (OR = 3.52, CI [0.86, 16.34] P = .09).ConclusionsClinical and radiological sequelae due to OACs/OAFs secondary to implant dentistry procedures are more severe compared to other etiologies. The suggested pathogenesis is foreign body reaction. Early and accurate diagnosis of the foreign body location, followed by its early removal is recommended.
Patterns of methamphetamine production among an international sample of methamphetamine ‘cooks’
Authors: Puljević Cheneal , Zahnow Renee , Benfer Isabella , Winstock Adam R. , Maier Larissa J. , Barratt Monica J. , Ferris Jason 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe illicit manufacture of methamphetamine in clandestine laboratories is associated with significant risks to the community and environment. Currently little is known about clandestine laboratories or the individual ‘cooks’ who operate them; current research directly engaging with cooks is limited to three qualitative studies with small samples (n < 24) of cooks based in the USA. This descriptive brief report starts to address this knowledge gap by exploring characteristics of an international sample of self‐identified methamphetamine cooks.Design and MethodsUsing data from the 2017 and 2018 Global Drug Surveys, we identified 125 individuals from 24 countries who reported past manufacture of methamphetamine. We explored respondents' socio‐demographic characteristics and patterns of methamphetamine production using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe majority of methamphetamine cooks were male (82%) and Caucasian (70%) and, contrary to previous studies, 43% were employed and 51% had at least a high school certificate. Cooks most commonly sourced precursors from pharmacies (50%), followed by friends (24%). Almost half of the cooks (47%) produced methamphetamine exclusively for self‐consumption.Discussion and ConclusionsThe heterogeneous nature of the sample and varying precursor sources reflect the limitations of existing regulations aimed at limiting methamphetamine production. These findings point to the need for innovative and multi‐faceted efforts aimed at reducing and preventing the harms associated with methamphetamine manufacture.
Regional coordination between riparian dependence and atmospheric demand in willows (Salix L.) of western North America
Authors: Butterfield Bradley J. , Palmquist Emily C. , Hultine Kevin R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimPlants vary in their hydrological and climatic niches. How these niche dimensions covary among closely related species can help identify co‐adaptations to hydrological and climatic factors, as well as predict biodiversity responses to environmental change.LocationWestern United States.MethodsRelationships between riparian dependence and climate niches of willows (Salix L.) were assessed, incorporating phylogenetics and functional traits to understand the adaptive nature of those relationships. The riparian dependence niche was estimated as the mean distance between georeferenced occurrence records and the nearest stream based on the National Hydrography Database. Results were compared to oaks (Quercus L.), a less riparian‐dependent clade, with the expectation of different niche relationships.ResultsWillows generally occurred closer to streams than expected by chance, but riparian dependence varied substantially among species. Riparian dependence was positively correlated with mean annual temperature and diurnal temperature range niche, both indicators of atmospheric demand on evapotranspiration. Phylogenetic independent contrast correlations for these relationships were significant as well, and the high degree of niche convergence among species indicated evolutionarily labile co‐adaptations to riparian dependence and atmospheric demand. Plant height increased with mean annual temperature niche, and specific leaf area increased with residual variation in height, indicating underlying morphological correlates of niche variation. Oaks, on the other hand, exhibited no relationship between atmospheric demand and riparian dependence, and weaker niche relationships with riparian dependence overall.Main conclusionsThese results support the assertion that hydric‐adapted, woody riparian plants compensate for increased atmospheric demand on transpiration with a reliable supply of water provided by riparian habitats and that this trade‐off may be unique from mesic–xeric woody plants. Conservation of warm‐adapted riparian trees and shrubs under increasing temperatures and atmospheric demand may necessitate reversal of groundwater depletion. Cool‐adapted species may be best conserved through maintenance or expansion of riparian buffers as they become more riparian obligate with warming.