bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants vs. vitamin-K antagonists in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Laugesen Emma Kirstine , Staerk Laila , Carlson Nicholas , Kamper Anne-Lise , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Bonde Anders Nissen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
We aimed to compare effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus vitamin-K antagonists (VKA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not receiving dialysis.

Methods
By using personal identification numbers, we cross-linked individual-level data from Danish administrative registries. We identified every citizen with a prior diagnosis of AF and CKD who initiated NOAC or VKA (2011–2017). An external analysis of 727 AF patients with CKD (no dialysis) was performed to demonstrate level of kidney function in a comparable population. Study outcomes included incidents of stroke/thromboembolisms (TEs), major bleedings, myocardial infarctions (MIs), and all-cause mortality. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine associations between oral anticoagulant treatment and outcomes.

Results
Of 1560 patients included, 1008 (64.6%) initiated VKA and 552 (35.4%) initiated NOAC. In a comparable population we found that 95.3% of the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 59 mL/min. Patients treated with NOAC had a significantly decreased risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio (HR): 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26–0.84) compared to VKA. There was not found a significant association between type of anticoagulant and risk of stroke/TE (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.39–1.78), MI (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.18–1.11), or all-cause mortality (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.77–1.26).

Conclusion
NOAC was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding in patients with AF and CKD compared to VKA. No difference was found in risk of stroke/TE, MI, and all-cause mortality.
Outcome of intramedullary nailing treatment for intertrochanteric femoral fractures
Authors: Hoffmann Martin F. , Khoriaty Justin D. , Sietsema Debra L. , Jones Clifford B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The OTA/AO type 31 A3 intertrochanteric fracture has a transverse or reverse oblique fracture at the lesser trochanteric level, which accentuates the varus compressive stress in the region of the fracture and the implant. Intramedullary fixation using different types of nails is commonly preferred. The purpose of this study is to evaluate intertrochanteric femoral fractures with intramedullary nail treatment in regard to surgical procedure, complications, and clinical outcomes.

Methods
From one level 1 trauma center, 216 consecutive adult intertrochanteric femoral fractures (OTA/AO type 31 A3) were retrospectively identified with intramedullary nail fixation from 2004 through 2013. Of these, 193 patients (58.5% female) met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 70 years (range 19–96 years).

Results
Cephalomedullary nails were utilized in 176 and reconstruction nails in 17 patients. After the index procedure, 86% healed uneventfully. Nonunion development was observed in 6% and 5% had an unscheduled reoperation due to implant or fixation failure. Active smoking was reported in 16.6%. Current smokers had an increased nonunion risk compared to those who do not currently smoke (15.6% vs. 4.3%; p = 0.016). The femoral neck angle averaged 128.0° ± 5°. Fixation failure occurred in 11.1% of patients with a neck-shaft-angle < 125° compared to 2.6% (4/155) of patients with a neck-shaft angle ≥125° (p = 0.021). Patients treated with a reconstruction nail required a second surgical intervention in 23.5%, which was no different compared to 25.0% in the cephalomedullary group (p = 0.893). In the cephalomedullary group, 4.5% developed a nonunion compared to 23.5% in the reconstruction group (p = 0.002). Painful hardware led to hardware removal in 8.8%. All of them were treated with a cephalomedullary device (p = 0.180). During the last office visit, two-thirds of the patients reported no or only mild pain but most patients had reduced hip range of motion.

Conclusion
Intramedullary nailing is a reliable surgical technique when performed with adequate reduction. Varus reduction with a neck-shaft angle < 125° resulted in an increase in fixation failures. Patient and implant factors affected nonunion formation. Smoking increased nonunion formation. Utilization of a cephalomedullary device reduced the nonunion rate, but had higher rates of painful prominent hardware compared to reconstruction nailing.
Text mining brain imaging reports
Authors: Alex Beatrice , Grover Claire , Tobin Richard , Sudlow Cathie , Mair Grant , Whiteley William 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
With the improvements to text mining technology and the availability of large unstructured Electronic Healthcare Records (EHR) datasets, it is now possible to extract structured information from raw text contained within EHR at reasonably high accuracy. We describe a text mining system for classifying radiologists’ reports of CT and MRI brain scans, assigning labels indicating occurrence and type of stroke, as well as other observations. Our system, the Edinburgh Information Extraction for Radiology reports (EdIE-R) system, which we describe here, was developed and tested on a collection of radiology reports.The work reported in this paper is based on 1168 radiology reports from the Edinburgh Stroke Study (ESS), a hospital-based register of stroke and transient ischaemic attack patients. We manually created annotations for this data in parallel with developing the rule-based EdIE-R system to identify phenotype information related to stroke in radiology reports. This process was iterative and domain expert feedback was considered at each iteration to adapt and tune the EdIE-R text mining system which identifies entities, negation and relations between entities in each report and determines report-level labels (phenotypes).

Results
The inter-annotator agreement (IAA) for all types of annotations is high at 96.96 for entities, 96.46 for negation, 95.84 for relations and 94.02 for labels. The equivalent system scores on the blind test set are equally high at 95.49 for entities, 94.41 for negation, 98.27 for relations and 96.39 for labels for the first annotator and 96.86, 96.01, 96.53 and 92.61, respectively for the second annotator.

Conclusion
Automated reading of such EHR data at such high levels of accuracies opens up avenues for population health monitoring and audit, and can provide a resource for epidemiological studies. We are in the process of validating EdIE-R in separate larger cohorts in NHS England and Scotland. The manually annotated ESS corpus will be available for research purposes on application.
Finding relevant free-text radiology reports at scale with IBM Watson Content Analytics: a feasibility study in the UK NHS
Authors: Piotrkowicz Alicja , Johnson Owen , Hall Geoff 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Significant amounts of health data are stored as free-text within clinical reports, letters, discharge summaries and notes. Busy clinicians have limited time to read such large amounts of free-text and are at risk of information overload and consequently missing information vital to patient care. Automatically identifying relevant information at the point of care has the potential to reduce these risks but represents a considerable research challenge. One software solution that has been proposed in industry is the IBM Watson analytics suite which includes rule-based analytics capable of processing large document collections at scale.

Results
In this paper we present an overview of IBM Watson Content Analytics and a feasibility study using Content Analytics with a large-scale corpus of clinical free-text reports within a UK National Health Service (NHS) context. We created dictionaries and rules for identifying positive incidence of hydronephrosis and brain metastasis from 5.6 m radiology reports and were able to achieve 94% precision, 95% recall and 89% precision, 94% recall respectively on a sample of manually annotated reports. With minor changes for US English we applied the same rule set to an open access corpus of 0.5 m radiology reports from a US hospital and achieved 93% precision, 94% recall and 84% precision, 88% recall respectively.

Conclusions
We were able to implement IBM Watson within a UK NHS context and demonstrate effective results that could provide clinicians with an automatic safety net which highlights clinically important information within free-text documents. Our results suggest that currently available technologies such as IBM Watson Content Analytics already have the potential to address information overload and improve clinical safety and that solutions developed in one hospital and country may be transportable to different hospitals and countries. Our study was limited to exploring technical aspects of the feasibility of one industry solution and we recognise that healthcare text analytics research is a fast-moving field. That said, we believe our study suggests that text analytics is sufficiently advanced to be implemented within industry solutions that can improve clinical safety.
Why technology adoption succeeds or fails: an exploration from the perspective of intra-organizational legitimacy
Authors: Ren Min 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper constructs an intra-organizational legitimacy analysis framework to reveal the conditional mechanisms of technology adoption at the organization level. A retrospective look on a 9-year application process of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) in a Chinese state-owned enterprise shows how the application effects of an adopted technology fluctuate with changes to intra-organizational legitimacy, which itself is composed of performance legitimacy, task legitimacy, and value legitimacy. This research indicates that gaining sufficient legitimacy is one necessity for the success of technology adoption in organizations. Basically, performance legitimacy determines how far technologies can be transferred into the corporate sector. When a new technology adoption starts with performance uncertainty, task legitimacy ensures organizational resource investments that serve to initiate and accelerate technology adoption. Value legitimacy, on the other hand, ensures informal resource input, which preserves the technology during crises for future possible reuse and advances the application when used.
Tongue involvement in embouchure dystonia: new piloting results using real-time MRI of trumpet players
Authors: Hellwig Soenke J. , Iltis Peter W. , Joseph Arun A. , Voit Dirk , Frahm Jens , Schoonderwaldt Erwin , Altenmüller Eckart 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe embouchure of trumpet players is of utmost importance for tone production and quality of playing. It requires skilled coordination of lips, facial muscles, tongue, oral cavity, larynx and breathing and has to be maintained by steady practice. In rare cases, embouchure dystonia (EmD), a highly task specific movement disorder, may cause deterioration of sound quality and reduced control of tongue and lip movements. In order to better understand the pathophysiology of this movement disorder, we use real-time MRI to analyse differences in tongue movements between healthy trumpet players and professional players with embouchure dystonia.MethodsReal-time MRI videos (with sound recording) were acquired at 55 frames per second, while 10 healthy subjects and 4 patients with EmD performed a defined set of exercises on an MRI-compatible trumpet inside a 3 Tesla MRI system. To allow for a comparison of tongue movements between players, temporal changes of MRI signal intensities were analysed along 7 standardized positions of the tongue using a customised MATLAB toolkit. Detailed results of movements within the oral cavity during performance of an ascending slurred 11-note harmonic series are presented.ResultsPlaying trumpet in the higher register requires a very precise and stable narrowing of the free oral cavity. For this purpose the anterior section of the tongue is used as a valve in order to speed up airflow in a controlled manner. Conversely, the posterior part of the tongue is much less involved in the regulation of air speed. The results further demonstrate that healthy trumpet players control movements of the tongue rather precisely and stable during a sustained tone, whereas trumpet players with EmD exhibit much higher variability in tongue movements.ConclusionControl of the anterior tongue in trumpet playing emerges as a critical feature for regulating air speed and, ultimately, achieving a high-quality performance. In EmD the observation of less coordinated tongue movements suggests the presence of compensatory patterns in an attempt to regulate (or correct) pitch. Increased variability of the anterior tongue could be an objective sign of dystonia that has to be examined in further studies and extended to other brass instruments and may be also a potential target for therapy options.
The CLEAR (Considering Leading Experts’ Antithrombotic Regimes around peripheral angioplasty) survey: an international perspective on antiplatelet and anticoagulant practice for peripheral arterial endovascular intervention
Authors:   CLEAR survey collaborators, Wong Kitty H. F. , Bosanquet Dave C. , Ambler Graeme K. , Qureshi Mahim I. , Hinchliffe Robert J. , Twine Christopher P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy are commonly used before, during and after peripheral arterial endovascular intervention. This survey aimed to establish antiplatelet and anticoagulant choice for peripheral arterial endovascular intervention in contemporary clinical practice.MethodsPilot-tested questionnaire distributed via collaborative research networks.ResultsOne hundred and sixty-two complete responses were collected from responders in 22 countries, predominantly the UK (48%) and the rest of the European Union (44%). Antiplatelet monotherapy was the most common choice pre-procedurally (62%). In the UK, there was no difference between dual and single antiplatelet therapy use post procedure (50% vs. 37%p = 0.107). However, a significant majority of EU respondents used dual therapy (68% vs. 20%p < 0.001). There was variation in choice of antiplatelet therapy by the device used and the anatomical location of the intervention artery. The majority (82%) of respondents believed there was insufficient evidence to guide antithrombotic therapy after peripheral endovascular intervention and most (92%) would support a randomised trial.ConclusionsThere is widespread variation in the use of antiplatelet therapy, especially post peripheral arterial endovascular intervention. Clinicians would support the development of a randomised trial comparing dual antiplatelet therapy with monotherapy.
Sparse-view tomography via displacement function interpolation
Authors: Zeng Gengsheng L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sparse-view tomography has many applications such as in low-dose computed tomography (CT). Using under-sampled data, a perfect image is not expected. The goal of this paper is to obtain a tomographic image that is better than the naïve filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction that uses linear interpolation to complete the measurements. This paper proposes a method to estimate the un-measured projections by displacement function interpolation. Displacement function estimation is a non-linear procedure and the linear interpolation is performed on the displacement function (instead of, on the sinogram itself). As a result, the estimated measurements are not the linear transformation of the measured data. The proposed method is compared with the linear interpolation methods, and the proposed method shows superior performance.
A novel interplay between GEFs orchestrates Cdc42 activity during cell polarity and cytokinesis in fission yeast
Authors: Hercyk Brian S. , Rich-Robinson Julie , Mitoubsi Ahmad S. , Harrell Marcus A. , Das Maitreyi E. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Cdc42, a conserved regulator of cell polarity, is activated by two GEFs, Gef1 and Scd1, in fission yeast. Why the cell needs two GEFs is unclear, given that they are partially redundant and activate the same GTPase. Using the GEF localization pattern during cytokinesis as a paradigm, we report a novel interplay between Gef1 and Scd1 that spatially modulates Cdc42. We find that Gef1 promotes Scd1 localization to the division site during cytokinesis through recruitment of the scaffold protein Scd2, via a Cdc42 feedforward pathway. Similarly, during interphase Gef1 promotes Scd1 recruitment at the new end to enable the transition from monopolar to bipolar growth. Reciprocally, Scd1 restricts Gef1 localization to prevent ectopic Cdc42 activation during cytokinesis to promote cell separation, and to maintain cell shape during interphase. Our findings reveal an elegant regulatory pattern in which Gef1 primes Cdc42 activation at new sites to initiate Scd1-dependent polarized growth, while Scd1 restricts Gef1 to sites of polarization. We propose that crosstalk between GEFs is a conserved mechanism that orchestrates Cdc42 activation during complex cellular processes.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
High-density lipoprotein or cyclodextrin extraction of cholesterol from aggregated LDL reduces foam cell formation
Authors: Singh Rajesh K. , Lund Frederik W. , Haka Abigail S. , Maxfield Frederick R. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposition, aggregation and retention in the endothelial sub-intima are critical initiating events during atherosclerosis. Macrophages digest aggregated LDL (agLDL) through a process called exophagy. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an atheroprotective role, but studies attempting to exploit it therapeutically have been unsuccessful, highlighting gaps in our current understanding of HDL function. Here, we characterized the role of HDL during exophagy of agLDL. We find that atherosclerotic plaque macrophages contact agLDL and form an extracellular digestive compartment similar to that observed in vitro. During macrophage catabolism of agLDL in vitro, levels of free cholesterol in the agLDL are increased. HDL can extract free cholesterol directly from this agLDL and inhibit macrophage foam cell formation. Cholesterol-balanced hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin similarly reduced macrophage cholesterol uptake and foam cell formation. Finally, we show that HDL can directly extract free cholesterol, but not cholesterol esters, from agLDL in the absence of cells. Together, these results suggest that the actions of HDL can directly extract free cholesterol from agLDL during catabolism, and provide a new context in which to view the complex relationship between HDL and atherosclerosis.
Pedagogical activity and basics of geography teaching of academician Arkadiy Zhukovsky (1922 - 2014)
Authors: Rudenko Valeriy , Vintoniak Alla 
Published: November 2019

Arkady Zhukovsky is known almost all over the world for his encyclopedic experience, social and political activities, scientific works in the field of history, religion, geography, etc. Along with this an important place in the sphere of his interests and vocations was given to pedagogical activity. An important task for himself, the scientist put systematic work on the organization of Ukrainian school abroad.The purpose of this exploration is to shed light on the fundamental achievements of the scientist in the field of teaching geography and to make them available to a wide range of readers.During the study, we used techniques such as search and information gathering, analysis, synthesis of submissions received, explanation and classification when writing articles.This study examines the approaches and techniques Arcadiy Zhukovsky geography teaching in a foreign country, it focuses on the study of geography Ukraine, but this valuable information can easily be projected onto any other geographic unit and used today in teaching practice. Academician Arkadiy Zhukovsky as a talented scientist, experienced and responsible teacher, a conscious citizen has highlighted important pedagogical values and advice in his publications raised serious questions about the teaching of geography and proposed it solutions. When working with students, the scientist proposes to focus on the following points: analysis of available textbooks for teachers and students; use of comparative characteristics of geographical features of countries; provide the students with materials describing the terrain and landscapes of the countries; pay attention to different levels of students' knowledge.Undoubtedly, this information will be useful and interesting both for teachers, teachers, scientists, as well as for those who are interested in the life of a famous scientist, academician Arkadiy Zhukovsky.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The first edition of Cattle Review, then called Cattle News was written by me in January 1999, meaning that this edition at the end of 2019 marks 21 continuous years! At times progress in veterinary medicine seems to be slow, however, here we consider important papers on the effectiveness of the badger cull in the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), the transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) among dairy calves, and how we might better communicate with farmers to encourage them to take up veterinary advice.
Disabling the avant-garde: Listening to Berberian and Lucier
Authors: Iverson Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Avant-garde electronic music purports to be abstract rather than representational. We are supposed to care only about sound qua sound, but what if the body is fundamentally audible in the musical work? Furthermore, what if the audible body is disabled? This essay pursues several close listenings of the avant-garde electronic works Visage (1961) and I Am Sitting in a Room (1969). Both pieces feature stuttering voices that are highly mediated by technology. Sounding out disabilities from traumatic to mundane, the works promote an aural staring encounter, asking listeners to grapple with the discomfort that they may hear.
From Craic to Communitas: Furthering disability activism through traditional Irish song
Authors: Carrico Alexandria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This piece offers an ethnographic account of work undertaken to bridge neurotypical and neurodivergent communities in Limerick, Ireland, through music-making workshops. By harnessing a common musical heritage in traditional Irish folk music, specifically its participatory dynamics, and its emphasis on story-telling, dialogue and inclusion, participants were able to musicalize their identities in ways that resonated with the integrative spirit of neurodiversity, against the logics of neurotypical, able-bodied assimilation.
Low-Value Levels: Ammonia Testing Does Not Improve the Outcomes of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Rahimi Robert S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is a clinical diagnosis. However, many clinicians measure ammonia levels in hospitalized patients presenting with hepatic encephalopathy. In this editorial, we review the results of an important study by Haj and Rockey. The authors examined the management decisions effected affected by and outcomes associated with (i) ordering an ammonia level and (ii) knowing the ammonia level. They found that ammonia level determination did not impact affect clinical decision-making or patient outcomes. These persuasive data demonstrate the limited clinical utility of ammonia levels and highlight the need for testing stewardship to dissuade unnecessary use through educational efforts and decision supports.