bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrolytes toward High‐Voltage Na3V2(PO4)2F3 Positive Electrode Durable against Temperature Variation
Authors: Hwang Jinkwang , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh power and energy density, long cyclability, and tolerance for wide temperature (seasonal and daily operational temperature differences) must be considered to construct large‐scale sodium secondary batteries. In this regard, Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) has become a subject of interest as a high‐performance positive electrode material owing to its high energy density. However, the high operating voltage of NVPF causes continuous decomposition of electrolytes during cycles, resulting in significant capacity fading and low Coulombic efficiency. In this study, the electrochemical performance of the NVPF electrode in organic solvent electrolytes with and without additives and an ionic liquid is investigated at high voltage regimes over a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 90 °C). The results reveal that the performance of organic electrolytes is still insufficient even with additives, and the ionic liquid electrolyte demonstrates high electrochemical stability and cyclability with NVPF electrodes over a temperature range from −20 °C to 90 °C, achieving stable cycling over 500 cycles. The detailed electrochemical analysis combined with X‐ray photoelectron and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicates that a sturdy cathode electrolyte interphase layer around the electrode protects it from capacity fading at high voltage and elevated temperature, resulting in high Coulombic efficiency.
Early language measures associated with later psychosis features in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Solot Cynthia B. , Moore Tyler M. , Crowley Terrence Blaine , Gerdes Marsha , Moss Edward , McGinn Daniel E. , Emanuel Beverly S. , Zackai Elaine H. , Gallagher Sean , Calkins Monica E. , Ruparel Kosha , Gur Ruben C. , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M. , Gur Raquel E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with impaired cognitive functions and increased risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Speech and language deficits are prominent, with evidence of decline anteceding emergence of psychosis. There is paucity of data examining language function in children with 22q11DS with follow‐up assessment of psychosis spectrum (PS) symptoms. We examined the association between early language measures, obtained clinically, and PS status, obtained on average 10.1 years later, in 166 youths with 22q11DS, with repeated language testing in 48. Participants were administered the Preschool Language Scale (receptive/expressive), and/or, for school aged children, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (receptive/expressive), and age appropriate IQ tests. The structured interview for prodromal syndromes (SIPS) assessed PS symptoms. We found that performance on all preschool measures showed age associated decline, and males performed more poorly on core composite (receptive/expressive) and receptive language measures. For language assessment later in childhood, poorer performance was consistently associated with subsequent PS status. Furthermore, steeper age‐related decline was seen in the PS group across language measures and marginally for full‐scale IQ. These findings suggest that while preschool language testing is useful in characterizing performance decline in individuals with 22q11DS, it does not robustly differentiate those with subsequent PS from those without. However, language testing in the school age population can help identify individuals with 22q11DS who are at risk for psychosis. Such data are needed for elucidating a lifespan trajectory for affected individuals and may help understand pathways to psychosis applicable to the general population.
A randomized, controlled clinical trial of plasma exchange with albumin replacement for Alzheimer's disease: Primary results of the AMBAR Study
Authors: Boada Mercè , López Oscar L. , Olazarán Javier , Núñez Laura , Pfeffer Michael , Paricio María , Lorites Jesús , Piñol‐Ripoll Gerard , Gámez José E. , Anaya Fernando , Kiprov Dobri , Lima José , Grifols Carlota , Torres Mireia , Costa Montserrat , Bozzo Jordi , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Hendrix Suzanne , Páez Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis phase 2b/3 trial examined the effects of plasma exchange (PE) in patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThree hundred forty‐seven patients (496 screened) were randomized (1:1:1:1) into three PE treatment arms with different doses of albumin and intravenous immunoglobulin replacement (6‐week period of weekly conventional PE followed by a 12‐month period of monthly low‐volume PE), and placebo (sham).ResultsPE‐treated patients performed significantly better than placebo for the co‐primary endpoints: change from baseline of Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living (ADCS‐ADL; P = .03; 52% less decline) with a trend for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog; P = .06; 66% less decline) scores at month 14. Moderate‐AD patients (baseline Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] 18‐21) scored better on ADCS‐ADL (P = .002) and ADAS‐Cog (P = .05), 61% less decline both. There were no changes in mild‐AD patients (MMSE 22‐26). PE‐treated patients scored better on the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR‐sb) (P = .002; 71% less decline) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study‐Clinical Global Impression of Change (ADCS‐CGIC) (P < .0001; 100% less decline) scales.DiscussionThis trial suggests that PE with albumin replacement could slow cognitive and functional decline in AD, although further studies are warranted.
A Soap‐Free Strategy for One‐Pot Synthesizing Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Alkali Isomerization of Linoleic Acid through Preferential Esterification Pathway
Authors: San Khin Nyein Ei , Fan Ye , Fang Yun , Xia Yongmei , Ma Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) exhibits beneficial biological activities but possesses poor natural abundance, which is usually obtained by alkali isomerization of linoleic acid (LNA). The one‐pot alkali isomerization consists two reactions, firstly saponifying LNA and then isomerizing linoleate. This current process has been limited by two drawbacks, the overconsumption of both alkali and solvent, as well as the weak mass/heat transfer of the viscous paste of reaction mixture that limits the synthesis scale. The present study alternated the reaction pathway with a soap‐free preferential esterification pathway, that is, firstly employing slight NaOH to induce the esterification of LNA and diol (the reaction solvent), then conducting alkali isomerization of the intermediate alkyl linoleate instead of sodium linoleate. In this developed one‐pot procedure, a CLA yield of 90% and the selectivity of the desired isomers (“c9, t11” and “t10, c12” CLA) of 82.4% were obtained; and it reduced the consumption of NaOH and the solvent by 60% and 25% comparing to the current soap pathway, respectively; Yet the result is comparative to that obtained with assistant of microwave/ultrasound in even longer reaction time. In this way, the two drawbacks can be overcome and the green characteristics of the current process was well kept.
Hydrothermal synthesis, dielectric properties of barium titanate, cobalt doped barium titanate, and their graphene nanoplatelet composites
Authors: Baiju Kuttappan Gireesh , Nagarajan Aishwarya , Marappa Gounder Sadasivam Akshaya , Sukumar Rajan Deva Darsan , Sri Sai Vignathi Karlapudi , Balu Murali , Kumaresan Duraisamy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, pure barium titanate (BT) and cobalt doped barium titanate (CBT) were synthesized by using barium chloride, tetrabutyl titanate, cobalt chloride, and titanium chloride as precursors via a two‐step hydrothermal process. These precursor mixtures were further blended with a dispersion of surfactant + graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) judiciously during the second step of hydrothermal process to obtain their respective BT‐GNP and CBT‐GNP nanocomposites. The morphological and crystal structures of BT, CBT, BT‐GNP, and CBT‐GNP samples were analyzed by the powder XRD, and FESEM revealed that the formations of 10‐ to 30‐nm‐sized cubic phase BT, CBT nanoparticles with least amount of agglomerations, and more spherically shaped particles in the CBT, whereas their nanocomposite morphologies and compositional elemental mapping showed random distributions of BT and CBT particles over the GNP. The FT‐IR analysis indicated the presence of strong chemical interactions between the nanoparticles and GNP sheets in both the BT‐GNP and CBT‐GNP nanocomposites. Furthermore, the dielectric measurements carried out on the BT, CBT, BT‐GNP, and CBT‐GNP samples showed tremendous influences of metal doping and GNP on the BT which can support to tune its dielectric properties for several storage applications.
Mining of UDP‐glucosyltrfansferases in licorice for controllable glycosylation of pentacyclic triterpenoids
Authors: Zhang Liang , Ren Shichao , Liu Xiaofei , Liu Xiaochen , Guo Fang , Sun Wentao , Feng Xudong , Li Chun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPentacyclic triterpenoids have wide applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The precise glucosylation at C‐3 OH of pentacyclic triterpenoids mediated by uridine 5'‐diphospho‐glucosyltransferase (UDP‐glucosyltransferase [UGT]) is an important way to produce valuable derivatives with various improved functions. However, most reported UGTs suffer from low regiospecificity toward the OH and COOH groups of pentacyclic triterpenoids, which significantly decreases the reaction efficiency. Here, two new UGTs (UGT73C33 and UGT73F24) were discovered in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. UGT73C33 showed high activity but poor regioselectivity toward the C‐3 OH and C‐30 COOH of pentacyclic triterpenoid, producing three glucosides. UGT73F24 showed rigid regioselectivity toward C‐3 OH of typical pentacyclic triterpenoids producing only C‐3 O‐glucosylated derivatives. In addition, UGT73C33 and UGT73F24 showed a broad substrate scope toward typical flavonoids with various sugar donors. Next, the substrate recognition mechanism of UGT73F24 toward glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and UDP‐glucose was investigated. Two key residues, I23 and L84, were identified to determine activity, and site‐directed mutagenesis of UGT73F24‐I23G/L84N increased the activity by 4.1‐fold. Furthermore, three in vitro GA glycosylation systems with UDP‐recycling were constructed, and high yields of GA‐3‐O‐Glc (1.25 mM), GA‐30‐O‐Glc (0.61 mM), and GA‐di‐Glc (0.26 mM) were obtained. The de novo biosynthesis of GA‐3‐O‐glucose (26.31 mg/L) was also obtained in engineered yeast.
What goes around comes around: The integrated role of emotions on consumer ethical decision‐making
Authors: Escadas Marco , Jalali Marjan S. , Farhangmehr Minoo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current study aims to further our understanding of the integrated role of emotions on consumer decision‐making involving ethical issues, by considering the influence of both positive and negative emotions on ethical decision‐making process. It considers not only the emotions experienced prior to ethical decision‐making (pre‐decision emotions) but also those resulting from the course of action chosen (post‐decision emotions). Scenarios are used, and the results of the structural modelling analyses support the proposed relationships between current emotions, consumers' ethical decision‐making, post‐decision emotions and future ethical behavioural intentions. The data suggest the possible existence of a “virtuous ethical cycle”, whereby positive emotions lead to more ethical consumer decisions and behaviours; and these in turn lead to more positive (post‐decision) emotions, which have a positive and significant effect on future ethical behavioural intentions. In addition, happiness emerges as exerting a pivotal role in predicting consumer ethical decisions.
In vivo application of decellularized rat colon and evaluation of the engineered scaffolds following 9 months of follow‐up
Authors: Kajbafzadeh Abdol‐Mohammad , Fendereski Kiarad , Khorramirouz Reza , Daryabari Seyedeh Sima , Masoomi Ahmad , Moosavi Shirin , Ataei Mahba , Arshadi Hamid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the rat small intestine mesentery and colon as natural bio‐reactors for rat colon‐derived scaffolds. We decellularized eight whole rat colons by a perfusion‐based protocol using 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 24 hr. The provided bio‐scaffolds were examined by histological staining, scanning electron microscopy, and collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan quantification. Subsequently, we implanted 4 cm segments of the provided bio‐scaffolds into two groups of animal models comprising tissue grafting into the mesenteric tissue (n: 10) and end‐to‐end anastomosis (n: 10) to the colon of host rats. Following 9 months of follow‐up, we harvested the grafts and performed histological and immunohistochemical studies as well as real‐time PCR evaluation for telomerase activity of the samples. Histological staining, scanning electron microscopy and protein content evaluation of the acellular tissues confirmed the complete removal of the cellular components and preservation of the extracellular matrix. Histopathological assessment of the implanted scaffolds was suggestive of a regenerative process in both groups. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of the samples confirmed the presence of smooth muscle cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and neural elements in both groups of grafted scaffolds. Our data confirmed the recellularization of the acellular colon grafts in both groups after 9 months of follow up. Also, the implanted tissues demonstrated different characteristics based on their implantation location. The outcomes of this investigation illustrate the capability of acellular tissues for in vivo application and regeneration.
Porphyrin‐Based Metal−Organic Framework Compounds as Promising Nanomedicines in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yu Wenmei , Zhen Wenqiang , Zhang Qizhi , Li Yanchun , Luo Hongyu , He Jun , Liu Yunmei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorphyrin photosensitizers are widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their unique diagnostic and therapeutic functions. However, many factors such as poor water solubility and instability of porphyrin compounds have limited their clinical application. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have the beneficial characteristics of versatility, high porosity, and excellent biocompatibility. Porphyrin‐MOF nanomaterials have attracted the attention of researchers because MOFs can effectively suppress the quenching caused by the self‐aggregation of porphyrin compounds and promote drug delivery. This article reviews the latest applications of porphyrin‐MOF nanomedicine in type II photodynamic therapy by increasing tumour cell oxygen concentration, depleting tumour cell functional molecules and releasing signal molecules. Current potential limitations and future applications are also emphasized and discussed herein.
Turning Donepezil into a Multi‐Target‐Directed Ligand through a Merging Strategy
Authors: Perone Rosaria , Albertini Claudia , Uliassi Elisa , Di Pietri Flaminia , de Sena Murteira Pinheiro Pedro , Petralla Sabrina , Rizzardi Nicola , Fato Romana , Pulkrabkova Lenka , Soukup Ondrej , Tramarin Anna , Bartolini Manuela , Bolognesi Maria Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThanks to the widespread use and safety profile of donepezil (1) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most widely adopted multi‐target‐directed ligand (MTDL) design strategies is to modify its molecular structure by linking a second fragment carrying an additional AD‐relevant biological property. Herein, supported by a proposed combination therapy of 1 and the quinone drug idebenone, we rationally designed novel 1‐based MTDLs targeting Aβ and oxidative pathways. By exploiting a bioisosteric replacement of the indanone core of 1 with a 1,4‐naphthoquinone, we ended up with a series of highly merged derivatives, in principle devoid of the “physicochemical challenge” typical of large hybrid‐based MTDLs. A preliminary investigation of their multi‐target profile identified 9, which showed a potent and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, together with antioxidant and antiaggregating properties. In addition, it displayed a promising drug‐like profile.
SPACE‐ARFID: A pilot trial of a novel parent‐based treatment for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Shimshoni Yaara , Silverman Wendy K. , Lebowitz Eli R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot trial aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, treatment‐satisfaction, and preliminary efficacy of Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions adapted for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (SPACE‐ARFID). SPACE‐ARFID is a novel outpatient parent‐based treatment that focuses on parental responses to child problematic eating habits and aims to promote food‐related flexibility.MethodParents of 15 children (ages 6–14 years) with ARFID participated in 12 weekly sessions of SPACE‐ARFID. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by calculating enrollment, attendance, attrition, and adverse events. Treatment‐satisfaction was assessed with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ‐8), administered posttreatment. ARFID symptom severity and impairment and family accommodation were assessed at baseline and posttreatment.ResultsOf 17 eligible families, 15 (88.24%) elected to participate in the trial. Of the 15 participating families, all except for 1 (6.67%) completed all 12 weekly treatment sessions. Both parents and children rated the treatment as highly satisfactory. ARFID symptom severity and impairment as well as family accommodation were significantly reduced from pre‐ to posttreatment. Increases in food‐related flexibility are described.DiscussionFindings provide preliminary evidence that SPACE‐ARFID, a parent‐based treatment that focuses on parental responses to the ARFID symptoms is feasible, acceptable, and satisfactory and produces improvement in clinical outcomes.
Leading‐edge disequilibrium in alder and spruce populations across the forest–tundra ecotone
Authors: Travers‐Smith Hana Z. , Lantz Trevor C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe distribution and composition of Arctic vegetation are expected to shift with ongoing climate change. Global models generally predict northward shifts in high‐latitude ecotones, and analysis of remote sensing data shows widespread greening and changes in vegetation structure across the circumpolar Arctic. However, there are still uncertainties related to the timing of these shifts and variation among different plant functional types. In this paper, we investigate disequilibrium dynamics of green alder and white spruce in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastal Plain, NWT. We used high‐resolution air photographs captured in the 1970s and 2000s to quantify changes in the distribution and abundance of alder and spruce near their northern limits. We found increases in alder and spruce stem density over time, but no change in their range limits, indicating that both species are affected by leading‐edge disequilibrium. Low stand density and temperature limitation of reproduction along the northern margin likely contributed to observed disequilibrium in both species. We also observed the greatest change in species occupancy within a burned area, suggesting that the increased frequency of fire will play a significant role in the timing and magnitude of near‐term vegetation change.
Comparing models using air and water temperature to forecast an aquatic invasive species response to climate change
Authors: Walsh Jake R. , Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Read Jordan S. , Vander Zanden M. Jake 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding invasive species spread and projecting how distributions will respond to climate change is a central task for ecologists. Typically, current and projected air temperatures are used to forecast future distributions of invasive species based on climate matching in an ecological niche modeling approach. While this approach was originally developed for terrestrial species, it has also been widely applied to aquatic species even though aquatic species do not experience air temperatures directly. In the case of lakes, species respond to lake thermal regimes, which reflect the interaction of climate and lake attributes such as depth, size, and clarity. The result is that adjacent waterbodies can differ notably in thermal regime. Given these obvious limitations of modeling aquatic species distributions using climate data, we take advantage of recent advances in simulating lake thermal regimes to model the distributions of invasive spiny water flea (Bythotrephes cederströmii) for current and projected future climates in the upper Midwest of the USA. We compared predictions and future projections from models based on modeled air temperatures with models based on modeled water temperature. All models predicted that the number of suitable lakes in the region will decrease with climate change. Models based on air and water temperature differed dramatically in the extent of this decrease. The air temperature model predicted 89% of study lakes to be suitable, with suitability declining dramatically in the late century with climate warming to just a single suitable lake. Lake suitability predictions from the water temperature model declined to a much lesser degree with warming (42% of lakes were predicted to be suitable, declining to 19% in the late century) and were more spatially independent. Our results expose the limitations of using air temperatures to model habitat suitability for aquatic species, and our study further highlights the importance of understanding lake‐specific responses to climate when assessing aquatic species responses to climate change. While we project a contraction in the potential range of Bythotrephes with warming in the study region, we anticipate that Bythotrephes will likely continue to expand into new lakes that will remain suitable in the following decades.