bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Rates of Sexual Behaviors, Condom Use, and Contraception Among Australian Heterosexual Adolescents
Authors: Fisher Christopher M. , Kauer Sylvia , Mikolajczak Gosia , Ezer Paulina , Kerr Lucille , Bellamy Rosalind , Waling Andrea , Lucke Jayne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The development of effective health promotion practices and education programs to reduce rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy requires accurate, up-to-date information about young people's sexual behaviors.

Aims
To provide prevalence rates on sexual behaviors and condom and contraceptive use for Australian year 10–12 heterosexual students in a nationally representative sample.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of 2,301 male and 2,055 female year 10 through 12 heterosexual students were recruited to an online survey about their lifetime sexual behaviors and condom and contraceptive use. Means and 95% confidence intervals of weighted data, based on the national census, were reported.

Outcomes
The main outcomes of this study were prevalence of sexual behaviors by gender (excluding trans and gender diverse) and prevalence of contraception and condom use among sexually active students by gender.

Results
The most common sexual behavior was masturbation (96.3% of male students, 78.9% of female students), and the least common behavior was anal or vaginal sex (43.7% of male students, 48.5% of female students). Of the sexually active students, condoms were used by 78.1% of male students and 77.5% of female students at first sexual experience and by 65.1% of male students and 56.8% of female students at their most recent sexual experience, whereas 91.6% of male students and 92.3% of female students used some form of contraception at most recent sexual experience.

Clinical Translation
Results provide up-to-date information on the practices clinicians who are likely to encounter with heterosexual cisgender adolescent populations in Australia.

Strengths & Limitaitons
The study represents the largest representative cohort of adolescents in Australia to date. However, comparisons with previous representative studies were limited owing to differing samples by age and culture.

Conclusions
Compared with earlier Australian studies, young heterosexual cisgender people today engage in slightly less oral and penetrative sexual behaviors, with the exception of more women receiving oral sex, and are generally consistent in condom and contraceptive use.
Effectiveness of chlorhexidine dressings to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections. Does one size fit all? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Puig-Asensio Mireia , Marra Alexandre R. , Childs Christopher A. , Kukla Mary E. , Perencevich Eli N. , Schweizer Marin L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine (CHG) dressings to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs).Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies (randomized controlled and quasi-experimental trials) with the following criteria: patients with short- or long-term catheters; CHG dressings were used in the intervention group and nonantimicrobial dressings in the control group; CRBSI was an outcome. Random-effects models were used to obtain pooled risk ratios (pRRs). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test and the Cochran Q statistic.Results:In total, 20 studies (18 randomized controlled trials; 15,590 catheters) without evidence of publication bias and mainly performed in intensive care units (ICUs) were included. CHG dressings significantly reduced CRBSIs (pRR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58–0.87), independent of the CHG dressing type used. Benefits were limited to adults with short-term central venous catheters (CVCs), including onco-hematological patients. For long-term CVCs, CHG dressings decreased exit-site/tunnel infections (pRR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22–0.64). Contact dermatitis was associated with CHG dressing use (pRR, 5.16; 95% CI, 2.09–12.70); especially in neonates and pediatric populations in whom severe reactions occurred. Also, 2 studies evaluated and did not find CHG-acquired resistance.Conclusions:CHG dressings prevent CRBSIs in adults with short-term CVCs, including patients with an onco-hematological disease. CHG dressings might reduce exit-site and tunnel infections in long-term CVCs. In neonates and pediatric populations, proof of CHG dressing effectiveness is lacking and there is an increased risk of serious adverse events. Future studies should investigate CHG effectiveness in non-ICU settings and monitor for CHG resistance.
Facilitators and Barriers to Inclusion of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parent, Teacher, and Principal Perspectives
Authors: Stephenson Jennifer , Browne Leah , Carter Mark , Clark Trevor , Costley Debra , Martin Jon , Williams Katrina , Bruck Susan , Davies Louise , Sweller Naomi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing, but there have been no longitudinal studies of included students in Australia. Interview data reported in this study concern primary school children with ASD enrolled in mainstream classes in South Australia and New South Wales, Australia. In order to examine perceived facilitators and barriers to inclusion, parents, teachers, and principals were asked to comment on the facilitators and barriers to inclusion relevant to each child. Data are reported about 60 students, comprising a total of 305 parent interviews, 208 teacher interviews, and 227 principal interviews collected at 6-monthly intervals over 3.5 years. The most commonly mentioned facilitator was teacher practices. The most commonly mentioned barrier was intrinsic student factors. Other factors not directly controllable by school staff, such as resource limitations, were also commonly identified by principals and teachers. Parents were more likely to mention school- or teacher-related barriers. Many of the current findings were consistent with previous studies but some differences were noted, including limited reporting of sensory issues and bullying as barriers. There was little change in the pattern of facilitators and barriers identified by respondents over time. A number of implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Characterization, expression profiling, and thermal tolerance analysis of heat shock protein 70 in pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Li Hui , Qiao Heng , Liu Yujie , Li Shouyin , Tan Jiajin , Hao Dejun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMonochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) warrants attention as a dominant transmission vector of the pinewood nematode, and it exhibits tolerance to high temperature. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family members, including inducible HSP70 and heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), are major contributors to the molecular chaperone networks of insects under heat stress. In this regard, we specifically cloned and characterized three MaltHSP70s and three MaltHSC70s. Bioinformatics analysis on the deduced amino acid sequences showed these genes, having close genetic relationships with HSP70s of Coleopteran species, collectively shared conserved signature structures and ATPase domains. Subcellular localization prediction revealed the HSP70s of M. alternatus were located not only in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum but also in the nucleus and mitochondria. The transcript levels of MaltHSP70s and MaltHSC70s in each state were significantly upregulated by exposure to 35–50°C for early 3 h, while MaltHSP70s reached a peak after exposure to 45°C for 2–3 h in contrast to less-upregulated MaltHSC70s. In terms of MaltHSP70s, the expression threshold in females was lower than that in males. Also, both fat bodies and Malpighian tubules were the tissues most sensitive to heat stress in M. alternatus larvae. Lastly, the ATPase activity of recombinant MaltHSP70-2 in vitro remained stable at 25–40°C, and this recombinant availably enhanced the thermotolerance of Escherichia coli. Overall, our findings unraveled HSP70s might be the intrinsic mediators of the strong heat tolerance of M. alternatus due to their stabilized structure and bioactivity.
Resting and field metabolic rates of Awassi sheep and Baladi goats raised by Negev bedouin
Authors: Kam Michael , El-Meccawi Shaher , Brosh Arieh , Degen A. Allan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSheep are grazers and goats are intermediate feeders. By employing O2 consumption and heart rate measurements, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and field metabolic rate (FMR) were determined in four male fat-tailed Awassi sheep (44.0 ± 3.94) and four male Baladi goats (35.5 ± 5.42 kg) that were co-grazing natural pasture in the Negev Desert. There were 67.7 ± 3.75 g DM/m2 of herbaceous vegetation biomass, which was rapidly becoming senescent and more fibrous. We hypothesized that FMR of these desert-adapted ruminants would be relatively low when compared to other sheep and goat breeds, as animals in arid areas tend to have low metabolic rates. Both sheep (n = 6) and goats (n = 6) foraged 71% of the allotted 11 h free-pasture period; however, sheep grazed more than goats (P < 0.001); whereas goats browsed more than sheep (P < 0.001). RMR was higher (P = 0.007) in sheep than in goats (529 ± 23.5 v. 474 ± 25.4 kJ/kg0.75 BW/d), but FMR did not differ between species (618 ± 55.7 v. 613 ± 115.2 kJ/kg0.75 BW/d). In addition, the cost of activities, as a proportion of FMR, did not differ between sheep and goats; FMR increased by 89 kJ/kg0.75 BW/d or 17% in sheep and by 138 kJ/kg0.75 BW/d or 29% in goats. In comparing FMRs of sheep and goats in this study with these species in other studies, differences were inconsistent and, therefore, our hypothesis was not supported.
Pathways to a more peaceful and sustainable world: The transformative power of children in families
Authors: Britto Pia R. , Hanöz-Penney Suna , Ponguta Liliana Angelica , Sunar Diane , Issa Ghassan , Hein Sascha D. , do Rosário Maria Conceição , Almuneef Maha A. , Korucu Irem , Togo Yaya , Kurbonov Jamshed , Choibekov Nurlan , Phan Hien Thi Thu , Fallon N. Shemrah , Artukoğlu Bekir B. , Hartl Franz J. , Salah Rima , Fitzpatrick Siobhán , Connolly Paul , Dunne Laura , Miller Sarah , Pruett Kyle , Leckman James F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article provides an overview of selected ongoing international efforts that have been inspired by Edward Zigler's vision to improve programs and policies for young children and families in the United States. The efforts presented are in close alignment with three strategies articulated by Edward Zigler: (a) conduct research that will inform policy advocacy; (b) design, implement, and revise quality early childhood development (ECD) programs; and (c) invest in building the next generation of scholars and advocates in child development. The intergenerational legacy left by Edward Zigler has had an impact on young children not only in the United States, but also across the globe. More needs to be done. We need to work together with a full commitment to ensure the optimal development of each child.
The mimetic basis of pure music in Machaut's refrain songs: part 2, musical abstraction
Authors: MAW DAVID 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe dualistic relationship of words and music in Machaut's refrain songs (proposed in Part 1 of this article) enables abstraction of the music from the poetic model that inspires it. This situation is at its most extreme in certain rondeaux, representatives of a genre for which a special function in Machaut's output is argued. Studies of specific groups of songs (B9–R4 and B35–R13–R21) illustrate the gradual development and detachment of material in related compositions. Through these accounts, it can be seen that the relationship of words and music proceeds on the same fundamental basis in the seemingly melismatic rondeaux as in the syllabic virelais, despite the apparently closer connection found in these latter. The technical unity at work in Machaut's song composition is constitutive of an aesthetic position. The abstracted musical text is an aspect of the multifaceted voice of Machaut's lyric œuvre and tends to subsume the poetry it sets creating an aesthetic of pure music.
Mobilizing Meiji Nostalgia and Intentional Forgetting in Japan's World Heritage Promotion
Authors: Nakano Ryoko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe language of shared heritage for humanity holds a central position within UNESCO's World Heritage. However, the “Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution” as World Heritage is primarily Japan's national project for globalizing a glorious historical narrative of Meiji Japan. While this national nostalgia matches the contemporary political discourse of overcoming domestic and international challenges in twenty-first century Japan, it also encourages people to forget alternative perspectives related to Korean memories of forced labor, colonialism, and war. Ministry officials and cultural council members expressed concerns over possible critical reactions from South Korea, but the Japanese government accelerated its campaign for UNESCO's World Heritage designation and achieved its objective in 2015. Why did the Japanese government take this step despite the alarming voices within Japan? This paper uncovers the process in which Japan's industrial heritage was constructed and promoted as World Heritage. It points to the role of Japanese and Western heritage experts in a newly established committee outside the conventional procedure for Japan's World Heritage nomination and concludes that Japan's heritage diplomacy pushes alternative historical narratives into oblivion.
The Probability of Mantle Plumes in Global Tomographic Models
Authors: Marignier Augustin , Ferreira Ana M. G. , Kitching Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile the downward mass flux in the Earth's deep interior is well constrained by seismic tomography, the upward flux is still poorly understood and debated. Recent tomography studies suggest that we are now starting to resolve deep mantle plume structures. However, a lack of uncertainty quantification impedes a full assessment of their significance and whether they are statistically distinct from noise. This work uses a spherical wavelet transform and random noise realizations to quantify the probability of deep plume‐like features in six recent global tomographic models. We find that out of 50 possible mantle deep plumes, 12 are highly likely, with probabilities larger than 80%, and 12 are likely, with probability between 70% and 80%. Objective, quantitative approaches as proposed in this study should be used for model interpretation. The five most likely deep mantle plumes are Tahiti, Macdonald, East Africa, Pitcairn, and Marquesas, which have some of the largest buoyancy fluxes estimated in a previous study that used hotspot swell volumes. This could resolve past discrepancies between deep mantle plumes inferred by visual analysis of tomography models and flux estimations from hotspot swell data. In addition, a notable unlikely deep mantle plume is Yellowstone, with probability lower than 50%. We also identify a likely deep mantle plume associated with the Amsterdam‐St Paul hotspot, a region scarcely discussed in previous studies and that deserves future investigation. Hence, our automated, objective approach is a valuable alternative approach for the quantitative interpretation of tomographic models.
Estimates of the Temperature and Melting Conditions of the Carpathian‐Pannonian Upper Mantle From Volcanism and Seismology
Authors: Bracco Gartner Antoine J. J. , McKenzie Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat drives the formation of basaltic melts beneath intraplate volcanoes not associated with extensive thermal anomalies or lithospheric extension? Detailed constraints on the melting conditions and source region are imperative to resolve this question. Here we model the geochemistry of alkali basalts and mantle nodules brought up by young (12–0.1 Ma) intraplate volcanoes distributed across the Carpathian‐Pannonian region and combine the results with geophysical observations. Rare earth element inversion and forward calculation of elemental concentrations show that the basalts require the mantle to have undergone less than 1% melting in the garnet‐spinel transition zone, at depths of about 63–72 km. The calculated melt distributions correspond to a mantle potential temperature of ∼1257°C, equivalent to a real temperature of 1290°C at 65 km beneath the Pannonian Basin. The composition, modal mineralogy, and clinopyroxene geochemistry of some of the entrained mantle nodules closely resemble the basalt source, though the latter equilibrated at greater depths. The gravity anomalies and topography of the Basin reveal no large‐scale features that can account for the post‐extensional volcanism. Instead, the lithospheric thickness and geotherm show that melting occurs because the base of the lithosphere, at ∼50‐km depth, is close to or at the solidus temperature over a large part of the Basin. Hence, only a small amount of upwelling is required to produce minor volumes (up to a few cubic kilometers) of melt. We conclude that the Pannonian volcanism originates from upwelling in the asthenosphere just below thinned lithosphere, which is likely to be driven by thermal buoyancy.
Silicon Isotopes in an EMIC's Ocean: Sensitivity to Runoff, Iron Supply, and Climate
Authors: Dietze H. , Löptien U. , Hordoir R. , Heinemann M. , Huiskamp W. , Schneider B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe isotopic composition of Si in biogenic silica (BSi), such as opal buried in the oceans' sediments, has changed over time. Paleorecords suggest that the isotopic composition, described in terms of δ30Si, was generally much lower during glacial times than today. There is consensus that this variability is attributable to differing environmental conditions at the respective time of BSi production and sedimentation. The detailed links between environmental conditions and the isotopic composition of BSi in the sediments remain, however, poorly constrained. In this study, we explore the effects of a suite of offset boundary conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) on the isotopic composition of BSi archived in sediments in an Earth System Model of intermediate complexity (EMIC). Our model results suggest that a change in the isotopic composition of Si supply to the glacial ocean is sufficient to explain the observed overall low(er) glacial δ30Si in BSi. All other processes explored trigger model responses of either wrong sign or magnitude or are inconsistent with a recent estimate of bottom water oxygenation in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Caveats, mainly associated with generic uncertainties in today's pelagic biogeochemical modules, remain.
Brain tumor diagnostic model and dietary effect based on extracellular vesicle microbiome data in serum
Authors: Yang Jinho , Moon Hyo Eun , Park Hyung Woo , McDowell Andrea , Shin Tae-Seop , Jee Young-Koo , Kym Sungmin , Paek Sun Ha , Kim Yoon-Keun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe human microbiome has been recently associated with human health and disease. Brain tumors (BTs) are a particularly difficult condition to directly link to the microbiome, as microorganisms cannot generally cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, some nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from microorganisms can cross the BBB and enter the brain. Therefore, we conducted metagenomic analysis of microbial EVs in both serum (152 BT patients and 198 healthy controls (HC)) and brain tissue (5 BT patients and 5 HC) samples based on the V3–V4 regions of 16S rDNA. We then developed diagnostic models through logistic regression and machine learning algorithms using serum EV metagenomic data to assess the ability of various dietary supplements to reduce BT risk in vivo. Models incorporating the stepwise method and the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) method yielded 12 and 29 significant genera as potential biomarkers, respectively. Models using the selected biomarkers yielded areas under the curves (AUCs) >0.93, and the model using machine learning resulted in an AUC of 0.99. In addition, Dialister and [Eubacterium] rectale were significantly lower in both blood and tissue samples of BT patients than in those of HCs. In vivo tests showed that BT risk was decreased through the addition of sorghum, brown rice oil, and garlic but conversely increased by the addition of bellflower and pear. In conclusion, serum EV metagenomics shows promise as a rich data source for highly accurate detection of BT risk, and several foods have potential for mitigating BT risk.
Perovskite light-emitting/detecting bifunctional fibres for wearable LiFi communication
Authors: Shan Qingsong , Wei Changting , Jiang Yan , Song Jizhong , Zou Yousheng , Xu Leimeng , Fang Tao , Wang Tiantian , Dong Yuhui , Liu Jiaxin , Han Boning , Zhang Fengjuan , Chen Jiawei , Wang Yongjin , Zeng Haibo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLight fidelity (LiFi), which is emerging as a compelling technology paradigm shifting the common means of high-capacity wireless communication technologies, requires wearable and full-duplex compact design because of its great significance in smart wearables as well as the ‘Internet of Things’. However, the construction of the key component of wearable full-duplex LiFi, light-emitting/detecting bifunctional fibres, is still challenging because of the conflicting process between carrier separation and recombination, as well as the highly dynamic film-forming process. Here, we demonstrate light-emitting/detecting bifunctional fibres enabled by perovskite QDs with hybrid components. The hybrid perovskite inks endow fibres with super-smooth QD films. This, combined with the small exciton binding energy and high carrier mobility of perovskite QDs, enables successful integration of electroluminescence and photodetection into monofilaments. The bifunctional fibres possess the narrowest electroluminescence full width at half maximum of ~19 nm and, more importantly, the capability for simultaneously transmitting and receiving information. The successful fabrication of narrow emission full-duplex LiFi fibres paves the way for the fabrication and integration of low crosstalk interoperable smart wearables.