bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health impact of providing informal care in Portugal
Authors: Barbosa Fátima , Voss Gina , Delerue Matos Alice 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMiddle-aged and older adults play an important role in the provision of informal support, however, the impact on the health of those individuals who provide informal care is unclear. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to assess the prevalence of co-residential caregiving provided by individuals aged 50+; (2) to analyze differences between the group of Portuguese co-residential caregivers and the group of Portuguese non-caregivers; (3) to examine the longitudinal effect of providing informal care on the health of co-residential informal caregivers in Portugal.MethodsData from wave 4 and wave 6 of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used. A linear mixed model and a generalized mixed model were used to analyze the longitudinal effect of providing informal care on the health (physical health and depressive symptoms) of Portuguese individuals aged 50 + .ResultsIn both SHARE waves analyzed, Portugal had the highest percentage of co-residential caregivers aged 50+. At baseline, the Portuguese co-residential caregiver population, compared to non-caregivers, has a lower percentage of employed individuals (14.9% compared to 25.7%) and a higher percentage of individuals with four or more depressive symptoms (56.4% compared to 35.5%). The caregivers also have a lower quality of life (CASP-12) (30.93 compared to 32.59). Marginal differences in educational levels between the caregiver and non-caregiver groups were also found, with co-residential caregivers having lower levels of education (72.3% have ISCED 0–2 compared to 64.7%), lower levels of cognitive function (− 2.321 compared to − 1.784), lower levels of physical health (− 0.180 compared to − 0.076) and lower engagement in moderate or vigorous physical activity (14.9% compared to 21.5%). Longitudinal models reveal that providing care within the household is not associated with physical health (b = 0.048; se = 0.035;p = 0.167), butisassociated with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.609; 95% CI = 1.141–2.271;p = < 0.010).ConclusionsPortugal has the highest percentage of co-residential caregivers aged 50+. In that country, providing informal care to a household member is associated with depressive symptoms. Portuguese policymakers should therefore promote programs to prevent and alleviate the depressive symptoms experienced by individuals aged 50+, who provide co-residential care.
The Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort: study protocol for a population-based longitudinal cohort
Authors: Lookens Jean , Tymejczyk Olga , Rouzier Vanessa , Smith Caleigh , Preval Fabyola , Joseph Inddy , Baptiste Raynold Jean , Victor Joscar , Severe Patrice , Apollon Sandra , Dumont Emelyne , Forestal Guyrlaine , St. Preux Stephano , Rivera Vanessa , Seo Grace , Charles Benedict , Ariste Wilson , Kingery Justin , Devieux Jessy , Koenig Serena , Nash Denis , Fitzgerald Daniel , Safford Monika , Deschamps Marie Marcelle , Pape Jean , McNairy Margaret 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality among Haitians, having surpassed HIV in the last decade. Understanding the natural history of CVD in Haitians, including the age of onset, prevalence, incidence, and role of major risk factors and social determinants, is urgently needed to develop prevention and treatment interventions.Aim 1: Establish a population-based cohort of 3000 adults from Port-au-Prince and assess the prevalence of CVD risk factors and diseases and their association with social and environmental determinants.Aim 2: Determine the incidence of CVD risk factors and CVD during 2–3.5 years of follow-up and their association with social and environmental determinants.MethodsThe Haiti CVD Cohort is a longitudinal observational study of 3000 adults> 18 years in Port-au-Prince (PAP), Haiti. The study population is recruited using multistage random sampling from census blocks. Adults receive blood pressure (BP) measurements in the community and those with elevated BP are referred to the Groupe Haitien d’Etude Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes Clinic for care. After informed consent, participants undergo a clinical exam with medical history. BP, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, a study questionnaire on health behaviors, and laboratory specimens. Every 6 months, BP is remeasured. At 12 and 24 months, clinical exams and questionnaires are repeated. Labs are repeated at 24 months. Adjudicated study outcomes include the prevalence and incidence of CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, kidney disease, inflammation, poor diet, smoking, and physical inactivity) and events (myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and CVD mortality). We also measure social determinants including poverty. Depression, stress, social isolation, food insecurity, and lead exposure. Blood, urine, and stool samples are biobanked at study enrollment.DiscussionThe Haiti CVD Cohort is the largest population-based cohort study evaluating CVD risk factors and CVD among adults in urban Haiti with the goal of understanding the drivers of the CVD epidemic in Haiti. Study outcomes are comparable with existing international cohorts, and the biobank will provide important data for future research. Our goal is to translate findings from this study into pragmatic prevention and treatment interventions to fight the CVD epidemic in Haiti.
Bacteria and sputum inflammatory cell counts; a COPD cohort analysis
Authors: Beech Augusta S. , Lea Simon , Kolsum Umme , Wang Zhang , Miller Bruce E. , Donaldson Gavin C. , Wedzicha Jadwiga A. , Brightling Christopher E. , Singh Dave 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that bacterial colonisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased neutrophilic airway inflammation. This study tested the hypothesis that different bacterial phyla and species cause different inflammatory profiles in COPD patients.

Methods
Sputum was analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify bacterial load and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify taxonomic composition. Sputum differential cell counts (DCC) and blood DCC were obtained at baseline and 6 months. Patients were categorised into five groups based on bacterial load defined by genome copies/ml of ≥ 1 × 104, no colonisation and colonisation by Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), or > 1 potentially pathogenic microorganism (PPM).

Results
We observed an increase in sputum neutrophil (%), blood neutrophil (%) and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients colonised with H. influenzae (82.6, 67.1, and 3.29 respectively) compared to those without PPM colonisation at baseline (69.5, 63.51 and 2.56 respectively) (p < 0.05 for all analyses), with similar findings at 6 months. The bacterial load of H. influenzae and Haemophilus determined by qPCR and 16s rRNA gene sequencing respectively, and sputum neutrophil % were positively correlated between baseline and 6 months visits (p < 0.0001, 0.0150 and 0.0002 with r = 0.53, 0.33 and 0.44 respectively).

Conclusions
These results demonstrate a subgroup of COPD patients with persistent H. influenzae colonisation that is associated with increased airway and systemic neutrophilic airway inflammation, and less eosinophilic airway inflammation.
Characterization and validation of long noncoding RNAs as new candidates in prostate cancer
Authors: Ge Shengyang , Mi Yuanyuan , Zhao Xiaojun , Hu Qingfeng , Guo Yijun , Zhong Fan , Zhang Yang , Xia Guowei , Sun Chuanyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to be an important regulator in gene expression. In almost all kinds of cancers, lncRNAs participated in the process of pathogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Meanwhile, compared with the large amounts of patients, there is rare knowledge about the role of lncRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa).

Material/Method
In this study, lncRNA expression profiles of prostate cancer were detected by Agilent microarray chip, 5 pairs of case and control specimens were involved in. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out by volcano plot for constructing lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA central network. Then, the top ten up-regulated and down-regulated lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR in another 5 tumor specimens and 7 para-cancerous/benign contrasts. Furthermore, we searched for the survival curve of the top 10 upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs.

Results
A total of 817 differentially expressed lncRNAs were filtered out by the criteria of fold change (FC) and t-test p < 0.05. Among them, 422 were upregulated, whereas 395 were downregulated in PCa tissues. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that many lncRNAs were implicated in carcinogenesis. lnc-MYL2-4:1 (FC = 0.00141, p = 0.01909) and NR_125857 (FC = 59.27658, p = 0.00128) had the highest magnitude of change. The subsequent qPCR confirmed the expression of NR_125857 was in accordance with the clinical samples. High expression of PCA3, PCAT14 and AP001610.9 led to high hazard ratio while low expression of RP11-279F6.2 led to high hazard ratio.

Conclusions
Our study detected a relatively novel complicated map of lncRNAs in PCa, which may have the potential to investigate for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in PCa. Our study revealed the expression of NR_125857 in human PCa tissues was most up-regulated. Further studies are needed to investigate to figure out the mechanisms in PCa.
Right ventricular failure in septic shock: characterization, incidence and impact on fluid responsiveness
Authors: Vieillard-Baron Antoine , Prigent Amélie , Repessé Xavier , Goudelin Marine , Prat Gwenaël , Evrard Bruno , Charron Cyril , Vignon Philippe , Geri Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Incidence of right ventricular (RV) failure in septic shock patients is not well known, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) could be of limited value. We report the incidence of RV failure in patients with septic shock, its potential impact on the response to fluids, as well as TAPSE values.

Design
Ancillary study of the HEMOPRED prospective multicenter study includes patients under mechanical ventilation with circulatory failure.

Setting
This is a multicenter intensive care unit study

Patients
Two hundred and eighty-two patients with septic shock were analyzed. Patients were classified in three groups based on central venous pressure (CVP) and RV size (RV/LV end-diastolic area, EDA). In group 1, patients had no RV dilatation (RV/LVEDA < 0.6). In group 2, patients had RV dilatation (RV/LVEDA ≥ 0.6) with a CVP < 8 mmHg (no venous congestion). RV failure was defined in group 3 by RV dilatation and a CVP ≥ 8 mmHg. Pulse pressure variation (PPV) was systematically recorded.

Interventions
None.

Measurements and main results
In total, 41% of patients were in group 1, 17% in group 2 and 42% in group 3. A correlation between RV size and CVP was only observed in group 3. Higher RV size was associated with a lower response to passive leg raising for a given PPV. A large overlap of TAPSE values was observed between the 3 groups. 63.5% of patients with RV failure had a normal TAPSE.

Conclusions
RV failure, defined by critical care echocardiography (RV dilatation) and a surrogate of venous congestion (CVP ≥ 8 mmHg), was frequently observed in septic shock patients and negatively associated with response to a fluid challenge despite significant PPV. TAPSE was unable to discriminate patients with or without RV failure.
Müllerian duct anomalies with term pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Engku-Husna Engku Ismail , Nik-Ahmad-Zuky Nik Lah , Muhammad-Nashriq Kadir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Müllerian duct anomaly is a rare condition. Many cases remain unidentified, especially if asymptomatic. Thus, it is difficult to determine the actual incidence. Müllerian duct anomaly is associated with a wide range of gynecological and obstetric complications, namely infertility, endometriosis, urinary tract anomalies, and preterm delivery. Furthermore, congenital anomalies in pregnant mothers have a high risk of being genetically transmitted to their offspring.

Case presentation
We report a case of a patient with unsuspected müllerian duct anomaly in a term pregnancy. A 33-year-old Malay woman with previously uninvestigated involuntary primary infertility for 4 years presented with acute right pyelonephritis in labor at 38 weeks of gestation. She has had multiple congenital anomalies since birth and had undergone numerous surgeries during childhood. Her range of congenital defects included hydrocephalus, for which she was put on a ventriculoperitoneal shunt; imperforated anus; and tracheoesophageal fistula with a history of multiples surgeries. In addition, she had a shorter right lower limb length with limping gait. Her physical examination revealed a transverse scar at the right hypochondrium and multiple scars at the posterior thoracic region, levels T10–T12. Abdominal palpation revealed a term size uterus that was deviated to the left, with a singleton fetus in a nonengaged cephalic presentation. The cervical os was closed, but stricture bands were present on the vagina from the upper third until the fornices posteriorly. She also had multiple rectal prolapses and strictures over the rectum due to previous anorectoplasty. An emergency cesarean delivery was performed in view of the history of anorectoplasty, vaginal stricture, and infertility. Intraoperative findings showed a left unicornuate uterus with a communicating right rudimentary horn.

Conclusion
Most cases of müllerian duct anomaly remain undiagnosed due to the lack of clinical suspicion and the absence of pathognomonic clinical and radiological characteristics. Because it is associated with a wide range of gynecological and obstetric complications, it is vital for healthcare providers to be aware of its existence and the role of antenatal radiological investigations in its diagnosis. The presence of multiple congenital abnormalities and a history of infertility in a pregnant woman should warrant the exclusion of müllerian duct anomalies from the beginning. Early detection of müllerian duct anomalies can facilitate an appropriate delivery plan and improve the general obstetric outcome.
Paravertebral compartment syndrome after exercise: a case report
Authors: Ogoshi Tomofumi , Yoshimiya Motoo , Ichibakase Hiroshi , Kimura Takayoshi , Kameoka Masafumi , Yoshioka Hayato , Ueda Takahiro , Homma Masato , Enokida Shinpei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Paravertebral compartment syndrome occurring without trauma is quite rare. We report a case of compartment syndrome that occurred after spinal exercises.

Case presentation
A 23-year-old Japanese rower developed severe back pain and was unable to move 1 day after performing exercises for the spinal muscles. Initial evaluation at a nearby hospital revealed hematuria and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels. He was transferred to our hospital, where magnetic resonance imaging revealed no hematoma but confirmed edema in the paravertebral muscles. The compartment pressure measurements were elevated bilaterally. Despite his pain being severe, his creatine phosphokinase levels were expected to peak and decline; his urine output was normal; and surgery was undesirable. Therefore, we opted for conservative management. The next day, the patient’s compartment pressure diminished, and his pain levels decreased to 2/10. After 5 days, he was able to walk without medication.

Conclusions
We present a rare case of compartment syndrome of the paravertebral muscles with good resolution following conservative management. We hope our case findings will help avoid unnecessary surgery in cases of paravertebral compartment syndrome.
Diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas isolated from citrus in Tunisia
Authors: Oueslati Maroua , Mulet Magdalena , Zouaoui Mohamed , Chandeysson Charlotte , Lalucat Jorge , Hajlaoui Mohamed Rabeh , Berge Odile , García-Valdés Elena , Sadfi-Zouaoui Najla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe damages observed in Tunisian citrus orchards have prompted studies on thePseudomonasspp.responsible for blast and black pit. Prospective orchards between 2015 and 2017 showed that the diseases rapidly spread geographically and to new cultivars. A screening ofPseudomonasspp. isolated from symptomatic trees revealed their wide diversity according to phylogenetic analysis of their housekeepingrpoDandctsgenes. The majority of strains were affiliated toPseudomonas syringaepv.syringae(Phylogroup PG02b), previously described in Tunisia. However, they exhibited various BOX-PCR fingerprints and were not clonal. This work demonstrated, for the first time in Tunisia, the involvement ofPseudomonas cerasi(PG02a) andPseudomonas congelans(PG02c). The latter did not show significant pathogenicity on citrus, but was pathogenic on cantaloupe and active for ice nucleation that could play a role in the disease. A comparative phylogenetic study of citrus pathogens from Iran, Montenegro and Tunisia revealed thatP. syringae(PG02b) strains are closely related but again not clonal. InterestinglyP. cerasi(PG02a) was isolated in two countries and seems to outspread. However, its role in the diseases is not fully understood and it should be monitored in future studies. The diversity of pathogenicPseudomonasspp. and the extension of the diseases highlight that they have become complex and synergistic. It opens questions about which factors favor diseases and how to fight against them efficiently and with sustainable means.
TV2++: a novel spatial-temporal total variation for super resolution with exponential-type norm
Authors: Deng Lizhen , Zhou Zhetao , Xu Guoxia , Zhu Hu , Bao Bing-Kun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recently, many super-resolution algorithms have been proposed to recover high-resolution images to improve visualization and help better analyze images. Among them, total variation regularization (TV) methods have been proven to have a good effect in retaining image edge information. However, these TV methods do not consider the temporal correlation between images. Our algorithm designs a new TV regularization (TV2++) to take advantage of the time dimension information of the images, further improving the utilization of useful information in the images. In addition, the union of global low rank regularization and TV regularization further enhances the image super-resolution recovery. And we extend the exponential-type penalty (ETP) function on singular values of a matrix to enhance low-rank matrix recovery. A novel image super-resolution algorithm based on the ETP norm and TV2++ regularization is proposed. And the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is applied to solve the optimization problems effectively. Numerous experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm is superior to other algorithms.
Transitioning to a sustainable development framework for bioenergy in Malaysia: policy suggestions to catalyse the utilisation of palm oil mill residues
Authors: Salleh Siti Fatihah , Mohd Roslan Mohd Eqwan , Abd Rahman Adlansyah , Shamsuddin Abdul Halim , Tuan Abdullah Tuan Ab Rashid , Sovacool Benjamin K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The global commitment to climate change mitigation enforces the worldwide development of renewable energy sources. Therefore, various studies have investigated the growth of renewable energy in Malaysia, most commonly based on biogas and hydropower. In this article, the dynamics of Malaysia’s renewable energy development is critically examined by using the latest official national reports and other reliable resources.

Results
The study reveals the influencing factors that shape renewable energy growth in a developing country endowed with substantial biomass resources, such as Malaysia. Likewise, it evaluates the evolution of renewable energy in the electricity sector. In 2017, renewable energy represented about 3.5% of the Malaysian electricity generation mix with 1122 MW of installed capacity. A closer look into the renewable energy resources, i.e. biomass, biogas, solar and small hydro power, revealed that over 47% of the grid-connected power generation came from solar photovoltaic (PV) energy. While solar PV capacity continues to accelerate, the development of other renewable resources, especially biomass, is seeing growth at a significantly slower pace. This article investigates the underlying causes of the skewed development rate as well as the potential strategies that may be adopted to promote a diversification of renewable energy resources. In light of this, introduction of a new national bioenergy policy is proposed, through which four essential programmes could be implemented: (i) enhanced bioenergy conversion efficiency and waste management, (ii) biomass co-firing in coal power plants, (iii) conversion of biogas to biomethane and bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG), (iv) large-scale biomass power plants. A total of 4487 MW of additional power could be connected to the grid upon successful implementation of a large-scale biomass power plant programme.

Conclusions
The establishment of a comprehensive and inclusive national bioenergy policy will lead towards a sustainable future of renewable energy development in Malaysia.
The changing epidemiology of dog bite injuries in the United States, 2005–2018
Authors: Tuckel Peter S. , Milczarski William 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
In 2018, the most recent year for which data are available, dog bites ranked as the 13th leading cause of nonfatal emergency department visits in the United States. As dog ownership spirals upwards in the United States, it is important to continue to monitor the epidemiology of dog bite injuries. This study provides contemporary data on the incidence of dog bites injuries in the United States and in New York and profiles individuals who have been treated for dog bites in emergency departments. The study also examines the demographic correlates of the rate of injuries at the neighborhood level in New York City and maps the rate in each neighborhood.

Methods
At the national level, the study examines longitudinal data on dog bite injuries from 2005 to 2018 gathered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For New York, the study analyzes data for 2005–2018 collected by the New York State Department of Health. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed on the state data to measure the simultaneous effects of demographic variables on the incidence of dog-related injuries. A thematically shaded map of the rate of dog bite injuries in New York City’s neighborhoods was created to identify neighborhoods with higher-than-average concentration of injuries.

Results
In both the United States and New York the rate of dog-bite injuries increased from 2005 to 2011 and then underwent a significant decline. Injuries due to dog bites, however, still remain a sizable public health problem. Injuries are more prevalent among school-age children, inhabitants of less-densely populated areas, and residents of poorer neighborhoods. In New York City, poorer neighborhoods are also associated with fewer dogs being spayed or neutered.

Conclusions
To reduce the rate of dog bite injuries, prevention programs – particularly those which center on teaching the dangers of canine interactions with humans – should be targeted at children. Dog bite injuries tend to be clustered in identifiable neighborhoods. Dog bite prevention programs and stricter enforcement of dog laws can target these neighborhoods.