bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Biodentine on human periapical lesion cells in culture
Authors: Eraković M. , Duka M. , Bekić M. , Tomić S. , Ismaili B. , Vučević D. , Čolić M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of Biodentine eluate on cytotoxicity and production of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and osteodestructive/osteoprotective cytokines in cultures of human periapical lesion cells.MethodologyConditioned Biodentine Medium (CBM) was prepared according to ISO 10993‐12, by incubating Biodentine in RPMI medium (0.2 g mL−1) for 3 days at 37 °C. CBM contained both released microparticles and leachable soluble components. Inflammatory cells were isolated from 22 human periapical lesions after apicectomy or tooth extraction, by collagenase/DNase digestion, and cultured in several dilutions of CBM. The composition of periapical lesion cells was determined by morphological criteria, cytotoxicity was quantified by MTT and flow cytometric apoptosis/necrosis assays, whereas the levels of produced cytokines in cell culture supernatants were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA. Student t‐test and Friedman test with Dunn's post‐test were used for comparison of parametric and nonparametric variables, respectively.ResultsUndiluted (100%), 75% and 50% CBM were cytotoxic for periapical lesion cells due to induction of both necrosis (100% CBM) and apoptosis (75% and 50% CBM). Noncytotoxic concentrations of CBM (25%) inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines: TNF‐α, (P < 0.005); IL‐1β (P < 0.01); IL‐6 (P < 0.005) and chemokines IL‐8: (P < 0.005); MCP‐1 (P < 0.005), stimulated the production of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10; P < 0.005), Th2 cytokines: IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐33 (all P < 0.01), and IL‐17A (P < 0.01). The concentration of CBM (12.5%) inhibited the production of IL‐6 (P < 0.05), IL‐8 (P < 0.01) and MCP‐1 (P < 0.005) and augmented the production of IL‐10 (P < 0.05). No significant effects on Th1‐related cytokines (IFN‐γ and IL‐12) and IL‐23 were detected with 25% and 12.5% CBM concentrations. Both CBM concentrations inhibited the production of osteolytic receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand (RANKL), dose dependently (P < 0.005 and P < 0.01, respectively). Higher CBM concentrations decreased RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio (P < 0.05), without significant influence on the levels of osteoprotective OPG.ConclusionBiodentine possesses immunomodulatory properties by suppressing pro‐inflammatory and augmenting anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Together with the reduction of osteodestructive mediators, this novel root‐end filling cement could be beneficial for healing and bone reparation after the surgical treatment of periapical lesions.
Pilot study: immunohistochemistry expressions of vitamin D receptor associated with severity of disease in psoriasis patients
Authors: Chandra Rudi , Roesyanto‐Mahadi Irma D. , Yosi Ariyati 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, differentiation abnormalities, and resistance to apoptosis. There are several factors that can affect psoriasis and vitamin D is one of the recently arisen. The role of vitamin D is mediated by vitamin D receptors (VDR) in target cells. VDR is a nuclear hormone that is involved in the antiproliferation and pro‐differentiation pathways in keratinocytes. However, until now vitamin D/VDR signaling in psoriasis has not been fully understood.MethodsA cross‐sectional study that involved 28 skin specimens from psoriasis patients to assess the immunohistochemistry expressions of VDR as well as their association with severity and duration of psoriasis. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's correlation coefficients, with P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn total, 28 specimens from psoriasis patients consisting of 60.7% women and 39.3% men, with mean age 41.28 ± 14.97 years, predominantly age group 46–55 years (25%), mean duration of disease 6.64 ± 4.26 years, and mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score 19.23 ± 11.30. The immunohistochemistry expressions of VDR were predominantly strong (57.1%) and located in the basal layer (53.6%). There were a significant negative correlation between the expressions of VDR and PASI score (P <0.001, r = −0.719) and between the expressions of VDR and duration of disease in psoriasis (P = 0.020, r = −0.438).ConclusionVDR expressions and severity of psoriasis showed a strong significant negative correlation and also a moderate significant negative correlation between VDR expressions and duration of disease.
The dynamic change of oolong tea constitutes during enzymatic‐catalysed process of manufacturing
Authors: Huang Xujian , Cao Hongli , Guo Yaling , Liu Jianghong , Sun Yun , Liu Shengrui , Lin Jinke , Wei Shu , Wu Liangyu 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTo understand leaf enzyme‐modulated dynamic changes of character constitutes during withering and turning‐over steps of oolong tea manufacturing, complementary proteomic and metabolomic analyses were performed using the processed tea leaves from the two steps. A total of 778 metabolites and 6274 proteins were identified and quantified in this study. A biosynthetic pathway network of flavouring compounds was suggested in combination with the abundance of candidate enzymes. The free amino acids were necessary not only to the umami or sweet tastes of oolong tea, but also to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites responsible for the environmental stress. As the downstream derivatives of the phenylpropanoid pathway with phenylalanine as one of the upstream metabolites, the glycosides of isoflavonoids and anthocyanins showed decreasing trends during the enzymatic‐catalysed process, potentially contributing to flavour of mellow and brisk. The formation of flavouring compounds in oolong tea production is a result of systematic responses to serious stress conditions, during which a series of defensing mechanisms in tea leaves were triggered to induce dynamic changes in various enzymes and metabolites.
Community pharmacy: a crucial enabler in creating the effectiveness study environment in the Salford Lung Studies
Authors: Leather David A , Howard Steve , Haydock Gerry , Stephens Linda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Creating an environment that supports conditions of routine clinical practice and enables an effectiveness trial design with a pre-licensed medicine is extremely challenging. Here, we summarise our experiences and achievements with engaging and mobilising community pharmacies in and around Salford, United Kingdom, in the Phase III effectiveness Salford Lung Studies (SLS).

Methods
This article provides the authors’ personal experiences and viewpoints on community pharmacy involvement in the SLS.

Key findings
More than 130 community pharmacies were enabled, and &gt;2500 pharmacy staff trained, for involvement in the SLS. Key to community pharmacy participation in the SLS was the formation of the SLS Pharmacy Steering Group (PSG), contributing to study oversight, and the development of a pharmacy standard operating procedure document, the major principle of which was to ensure minimum disruption to the normal medicine dispensing process while ensuring compliance with regulations, guidelines, good clinical practice and requirements for pharmacovigilance. The high level of commitment and collaboration of community pharmacy in the SLS demonstrated a willingness to work together and take on additional and novel roles beyond their everyday commercial functions for the benefit of patients, despite normally competing for prescription business.

Conclusions
The involvement and integration of community pharmacy as a key partner in the SLS was pivotal in securing the delivery of these world-first clinical effectiveness studies. To our knowledge, this has not been previously achieved in a study of a pre-licensed maintenance therapy for a common disease in primary care.
Desigualdad de oportunidades laborales para los jóvenes: ¿En qué se diferencia el mundo árabe?
Authors: DIMOVA Ralitza , STEPHAN Karim 
Published: June 2020

ResumenEl mercado de trabajo de Oriente Medio y África del Norte se caracteriza por un desempleo juvenil generalizado y desproporcionadamente alto entre los jóvenes con estudios. Con datos de las encuestas de la OIT sobre la transición de la escuela al trabajo en Egipto, Jordania y Túnez, los autores examinan si esto está relacionado con la desigualdad de oportunidades o con un desajuste estructural entre la demanda y la oferta de competencias laborales. Se constata que la escasa disponibilidad de puestos de trabajo altamente calificados y el escaso valor otorgado a las competencias adquiridas mediante el sistema de formación profesional tienen un gran poder explicativo.
Gasdermin D‐independent release of interleukin‐1β by living macrophages in response to mycoplasmal lipoproteins and lipopeptides
Authors: Saeki Ayumi , Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Suda Takashi , Into Takeshi , Hasebe Akira , Suzuki Toshihiko , Shibata Ken‐ichiro 
Published: June 2020

SummaryInterleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) plays pivotal roles in controlling bacterial infections and is produced after the processing of pro‐IL‐1β by caspase‐1, which is activated by the inflammasome. In addition, caspase‐1 cleaves the cytosolic protein, gasdermin‐D (GSDMD), whose N‐terminal fragment subsequently forms a pore in the plasma membrane, leading to the pyroptic cell‐death‐mediated release of IL‐1β. Living cells can also release IL‐1β via GSDMD pores or other unconventional secretory pathways. However, the precise mechanisms are poorly defined. Here, we show that lipoproteins from Mycoplasma salivarium (MsLP) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MpLP) and an M. salivarium‐derived lipopeptide (FSL‐1), which are activators of the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, induce IL‐1β release from mouse bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) without inducing cell death. The levels of IL‐1β release induced by MsLP, MpLP and FSL‐1 were more than 100 times lower than those induced by the canonical NLRP3 activator nigericin. The IL‐1β release‐inducing activities of MsLP, MpLP and FSL‐1 were not attenuated in BMMs from GSDMD‐deficient mice. Furthermore, both active caspase‐1 and cleaved GSDMD were detected in response to transfection of FSL‐1 into the cytosol of BMMs, but the release of IL‐1β was unaffected by GSDMD deficiency. Meanwhile, punicalagin, a membrane‐stabilizing agent, drastically down‐regulated the release of IL‐1β in response to FSL‐1. These results suggest that mycoplasmal lipoprotein/lipopeptide‐induced IL‐1β release by living macrophages is not mediated via GSDMD but rather through changes in membrane permeability.
How intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of plasma cell survival might intersect for durable humoral immunity
Authors: Robinson Marcus J. , Webster Rosela H. , Tarlinton David M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlasma cells (PC) are key to protective immunity because they secrete antibodies. Surviving for periods ranging from days to decades in mammals, PC possess varying survival times that cannot be entirely stochastic or extrinsically set, as presumed half‐lives vary with antigenic specificity. Here, we review the signals that impart survival potential to PC. These include signals provided during formation, and signals experienced once generated and embedded in the so‐called long‐lived niche. These signals all feed into survival by maintaining PC expression of MCL1, potentially synergistically with influences of other BCL2 family members. Herein, we propose that each formed PC has a capacity to respond to extrinsic cues that sets an upper maximum to its lifespan, but survival is also affected by variable availability of signals provided in BM survival niches. PC survival thus becomes a function of immunogen characteristics and niche anatomy, determined by the weighted survival benefit ascribed to each involved factor. Most factors, such as supporting cell types and secreted proteins, are predicted to influence survival times varying temporally by orders of magnitude, rather than absolute PC abundances measured at a single time, which may account for the variation in PC lifespan evident in the literature.
Mating behavior, spawning, parental care, and embryonic development of some marine pseudocerotid flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Rhabditophora: Polycladida) in Singapore
Authors: Tong Samantha Jia Wen , Ong Rene S.L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reproductive biology of tropical marine cotylean polyclads is presently poorly known. Reproductive aspects of 16 polyclad species from the family Pseudocerotidae in the genera Acanthozoon, Nymphozoon, Phrikoceros, Pseudobiceros, Pseudoceros, Thysanozoon, and Tytthosoceros from Singapore were documented for the first time. Penis fencing was observed to be just a mating ritual and not necessary for insemination, not always aggressive, and could also result in eventual reciprocal insemination. Results showed that all species underwent similar embryonic developmental stages and hatched as Müller's larvae. Only Pseudoceros concinnus and Pseudoceros laingensis, with mean developmental times of >20 days and mean brood sizes of <1,000 eggs, displayed long‐term parental care. Polyclads producing larger brood sizes had shorter developmental times and only covered their egg masses for about one day. Phrikoceros baibaiye and Pseudobiceros spp. produced egg capsules with pointed opercula, whereas all other species possessed smooth, rounded opercula. All genera hatched with brownish‐orange larvae, except for Pseudoceros spp., which hatched with reddish‐purple larvae regardless of the initial embryo color (either grayish‐yellow or reddish‐purple). These could potentially complement current taxonomic characters in distinguishing polyclad genera and species.
Thermophysical and mechanical properties of novel high‐entropy metal nitride‐carbides
Authors: Wen Tongqi , Ye Beilin , Nguyen Manh Cuong , Ma Mengdong , Chu Yanhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, a novel (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)(N0.5C0.5) high‐entropy nitride‐carbide (HENC‐1) with multi‐cationic and ‐anionic sublattice structure was reported and their thermophysical and mechanical properties were studied for the first time. The results of the first‐principles calculations showed that HENC‐1 had the highest mixing entropy of 1.151R, which resulted in the lowest Gibbs free energy above 600 K among HENC‐1, (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)N high‐entropy nitrides (HEN‐1), and (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C high‐entropy carbides (HEC‐1). In this case, HENC‐1 samples were successfully fabricated by hot‐pressing sintering technique at the lowest temperature (1773 K) among HENC‐1, HEN‐1 and HEC‐1 samples. The as‐fabricated HENC‐1 samples showed a single rock‐salt structure of metal nitride‐carbides and high compositional uniformity. Meanwhile, they exhibited high microhardness of 19.5 ± 0.3 GPa at an applied load of 9.8 N and nanohardness of 33.4 ± 0.5 GPa and simultaneously possessed a high bulk modulus of 258 GPa, Young's modulus of 429 GPa, shear modulus of 176 GPa, and elastic modulus of 572 ± 7 GPa. Their hardness and modulus are the highest among HENC‐1, HEN‐1 and HEC‐1 samples, which could be attributed to the presence of mass disorder and lattice distortion from the multi‐anionic sublattice structure and small grain in HENC‐1 samples. In addition, the thermal conductivity of HENC‐1 samples was significantly lower than the average value from the “rule of mixture” between HEC‐1 and HEN‐1 samples in the range of 300‐800 K, which was due to the presence of lattice distortion from the multi‐anionic sublattice structure in HENC‐1 samples.
Improved thermoelectric properties of layered Ti1−xNbxS2−ySey solid solutions
Authors: Romanenko Anatoly I. , Yakovleva Galina E. , Fedorov Vladimir E. , Artemkina Sofya B. , Yu. Ledneva Alexandra , Zhdanov Kamil R. , Kuchumov Boris M. , Kuznetsov Vitalii A. , Wang Hongchao , Singh Sanjai , Saini Shivani , Han Mi‐Kyung , Kim Sung‐Jin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe thermoelectric properties of a series of the polycrystalline samples of titanium dichalcogenides with partial substitution of Ti for Nb and S for Se were investigated. It was found that sintering of the samples improved the thermoelectric efficiency (ZT), and the maximum ZT was achieved at sintering temperature of 600°C. A further increase in the sintering temperature (850°C and 950°C) led to the recrystallization of the samples, as a result, the Seebeck coefficient sharply decreased and electrical conductivity dramatically increased. The temperature dependences of electrical conductivity σ(T) in the temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K and Seebeck coefficient S(T) in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K were investigated in order to determine the nature of the observed improvements in thermoelectric properties due to double substitutions and sintering. Two‐dimensionalization of electron transport properties of Ti1−xNbxS2−ySey solid solutions was found. The Fermi energy EF2D was estimated using the temperature dependences of Seebeck coefficient. The relationship between the Fermi energy EF2D and figure of merit ZT was established. The effect of sintering on parameters σ(T), S(T), charge carrier concentration (n2D), mobility (µ), and thermal conductivity (k) was found. The optimal value of Fermi energy EF2D in terms of figure of merit ZT = 0.31 at room temperature (T = 300 K) was found for Ti0.98Nb0.02S1.3Se0.7 sample sintered at 600°C.
Enhancement in sintering driving force derived from in situ ordered structural collapse of mesoporous powders
Authors: Zhao Yuye , Sun Sheng , Cai Xuefan , Fan Yuchi , Jiang Wan , Zhou Beiying , Gu Shijia , Shi Nian , Luo Wei , Wang Lianjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, the sintering behaviors of a series of mesoporous silica (FDU‐12, SBA‐15, MCM‐41, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles) and microporous zeolite (ZSM‐5) using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology were investigated. Highly transparent glass was prepared at a low temperature from all the powders. In particular, FDU‐12 type of mesoporous silica could be fully densified at an ultralow sintering temperature (910°C). It is suggested that the collapse of ordered mesostructures during SPS process dependents on the large pore size/pore wall thickness ratio, appropriate pore arrangement and amorphous frameworks of mesoporous silica, which implies that the enhancement in sinterability is possibly derived from the in situ collapse of ordered mesostructures. Such present findings pave a new way toward the construction of functional dense bulk materials from mesoporous powders.
Predicting change in middle school students’ leisure‐time physical activity participation: A prospective test of the trans‐contextual model
Authors: Polet Juho , Lintunen Taru , Schneider Jekaterina , Hagger Martin S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe applied the trans‐contextual model (TCM) to examine the effects of middle school students’ perceived autonomy support from their physical education (PE) teachers on autonomous motivation toward PE in school and, critically, autonomous motivation toward, and actual participation in, leisure‐time physical activity (PA). The research adopted a three‐wave prospective design enabling the modeling of change in the TCM constructs over time. Middle school students (N = 248) aged from 12 to 16 years reported their perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation in PE, autonomous motivation toward leisure‐time PA, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intentions for PA in leisure‐time, and leisure‐time PA participation. The psychological constructs and leisure‐time PA were measured at baseline (T0) and at a first follow‐up occasion (T1) 5 weeks later. Another measure of PA was taken at a second follow‐up occasion (T2) a further 5 weeks later. A single‐indicator structural equation model using residualized change scores revealed that perceived autonomy support predicted autonomous motivation in PE (β = .345), and autonomous motivation in PE predicted autonomous motivation for leisure‐time PA (β = .484). Autonomous motivation toward leisure‐time PA predicted attitudes (β = .425), subjective norms (β = .264), and PBC (β = .517). Autonomous motivation toward leisure‐time PA (β = .376), attitude (β = .231), and subjective norms (β = .185) predicted intentions toward leisure‐time PA, and intentions predicted PA (β = .198). Findings extend research on the TCM by demonstrating its efficacy in predicting change in middle school students’ autonomous motivation across PE and leisure‐time contexts, and accounting for change in intentions toward, and actual participation in, leisure‐time PA.
Reducing YAP expression in Pkd1 mutant mice does not improve the cystic phenotype
Authors: Formica Chiara , Kunnen Sandra , Dauwerse Johannes G. , Mullick Adam E. , Dijkstra Kyra L. , Scharpfenecker Marion , Peters Dorien J. M. ,   the DIPAK Consortium
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Hippo pathway is a highly conserved signalling route involved in organ size regulation. The final effectors of this pathway are two transcriptional coactivators, yes‐associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (WWTR1 or TAZ). Previously, we showed aberrant activation of the Hippo pathway in autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), suggesting that YAP/TAZ might play a role in disease progression. Using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in a mouse model for ADPKD, we efficiently down‐regulated Yap levels in the kidneys. However, we did not see any effect on cyst formation or growth. Moreover, the expression of YAP/TAZ downstream targets was not changed, while WNT and TGF‐β pathways' downstream targets Myc, Acta2 and Vim were more expressed after Yap knockdown. Overall, our data indicate that reducing YAP levels is not a viable strategy to modulate PKD progression.
Self‐reported illness perception and oral health‐related quality of life predict adherence to initial periodontal treatment
Authors: Machado Vanessa , Botelho João , Proença Luís , Mendes José João 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of periodontal disease perception and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), towards the initial periodontal treatment adherence (IPTA).Material and MethodsThis prospective study included 571 patients (274 males and 297 females, mean age 63.1 ± 14.5) with periodontal disease, from the Study of Periodontal Health in Almada‐Seixal (SoPHiAS). We assessed the potential connections, between sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene behaviours, periodontal measures, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14), through a structural equation modelling (SEM). Multivariate logistic regression assessed significant oral health‐related variables towards IPTA.ResultsOverall, 265 participants had IPTA (46.4%). The SEM had a good fit to the data on all six latent variables (χ2 = 2.221, CFI = 0.921, RMSEA = 0.0.046). Multivariate analysis for IPTA indicated Treatment Control (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.07) and Identity domains of Brief‐IPQ (OR = 1.10) and Functional Limitation domain of OHIP‐14 (OR = 1.60) as significant predictors. The obtained tool had a satisfactory prediction of IPTA (61.1%).ConclusionsInitial periodontal treatment adherence is influenced by patient's perception on periodontal disease treatment and identity domains and by functional impact domain of OHRQoL. Future studies shall investigate the effect of modelling these domains on therapeutic success and public health strategies.