bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-5 Developmental and hormonal regulation of gene expression of fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and the asprosin receptor, olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily M member 1 (OR4M1), in bovine ovarian cells
Authors: Maylem Excel Rio , Spicer Leon , Batalha Isadora , Schutz Luis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Asprosin is a novel fasting-induced protein associated with insulin resistance and polycystic ovaries in humans. It is encoded by FBN1 gene and produced when FBN1 is cleaved by the enzyme furin. In cattle, the role of asprosin is unknown. To characterize mRNA abundance of FBN1, furin, and the asprosin receptor, OR4M1, in granulosa (GC) and theca cells (TC), and identify hormones regulating FBN1 mRNA expression, GC and TC from small (&lt; 6 mm; SM) and large (&gt;5 mm; LG) follicles were collected from heifers at an abattoir and used for real-time gene expression analysis or in vitro evaluation of hormone regulation. SMTC had 151-fold greater (P &lt; 0.05) FBN1 mRNA abundance than SMGC, and LGTC had 50-fold greater (P &lt; 0.05) FBN1 mRNA than LGGC. In contrast, OR4M1 mRNA abundance was significantly greater (by 81-fold) in SMGC than LGGC and did not differ from SMTC, but LGTC had 9-fold greater (P &lt; 0.05) OR4M1 mRNA abundance than LGGC. Furin mRNA was significantly greater (by 2.6-fold) in SMGC than SMTC but did not differ between LGTC and LGGC. In SMGC, leptin, insulin, GH, FSH, EGF, and steroids had no effect (P &gt;0.10) on FBN1 mRNA abundance. In contrast, TGFB1, WNT3A and FGF9 increased (P &lt; 0.05) and IGF1 significantly decreased SMGC FBN1 mRNA abundance. In LGTC, leptin, insulin, LH, IGF1 and steroids did not significantly affect FBN1 mRNA, but TGFB1, WNT3A, EGF, FGF2 and FGF9 increased (P&lt; 0.05) FBN1 mRNA abundance. Altogether, FBN1 mRNA was more highly expressed in TC than GC and was stimulated by TGFB1, WNT3A and FGF9 in both cell types. Developmental and hormonal regulation of FBN1, furin and OR4M1 along with a greater expression of OR4M1 mRNA in GC than TC suggests that asprosin may be acting as a paracrine regulator of ovarian follicular function in cattle.
PSVII-17 Program Chair Poster Pick: Reproductive function of cows depending on lipid metabolism
Authors: Baymishev Murat , Eremin Sergey , Plemyashov Kirill , Baymishev Khamidulla , Konopel’tsev Igor , Nikitin Georgy , Anipchenko Polina , Pristyazhnyuk Oksana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the etiopathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction in highly productive cows. Studies were conducted on cows of black-motley breed, aged 3–5 lactations, with a live weight of 480–520 kg. Cows were divided into two groups. The first group included 20 cows effective inseminated after the first insemination. The second group included 17 cows that did not fertilize after the first insemination. Blood samples (n = 253) were taken from 4–7; 14–17; 24–34; 35–50; 88–95; 195–210 days of pregnancy; during the beginning of dry period (DP); 1–4 days before calving and on the first day after calving. The content of total serum lipids in pregnant animals was 15.8% higher compared to unfertilized animals. In non-pregnant cows, a decrease in free cholesterol (by 28.65%), especially in its ether-bound fraction (14.91%), indicates a lower synthetic function of the liver, which is confirmed by the low serum levels of vitamins A and E (a difference of 11.3 and 23.65%). The DP was characterized by a significant increase in the products of lipid peroxidation - malondialdehyde by 12–17%, diene and triene conjugates - by 10–15 and 8–15%, respectively, and 1–4 days before calving in cows, which subsequently had a pathological calving, in particular - retention of placenta (5 cows), were characterized by an increased content in the blood plasma of lipid peroxidation products. Thus, the difference in the number of dienes, trienes, and malondialdehyde products was 14.0, 12.0, and 23.5%, compared with animals without obstetric pathology. On the first day after calving, this difference increased even more. Cows with retention of placenta had a significantly higher level of lipid peroxidation products and were characterized by a predominance of oxidized products over the antiradical thiol disulfide and ascorbate systems restored in the antioxidant balance.
PSVII-14 Performance and health responses of feedlot cattle consuming different feed additives during a 45-day receiving period
Authors: Colombo Eduardo , Cooke Reinaldo F , Brandão Alice , Wiegand Jacob , Schubach Kelsey , Sowers CiCi A , Duff Glenn , Gouvea Vinicius N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This experiment compared performance and health responses of feedlot cattle consuming different feed additives during a 45-d receiving period. Angus-influenced steers (n = 256) were purchased from a commercial auction yard, and road-transported (12 h) to the experimental feedyard on d -1. Upon arrival, body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were ranked by BW into 1 or 18 drylot pens (14 or 15 steers/pen). Pens were randomly assigned to receive RAMP® from d 0 to d 45 with the inclusion of: 1) Rumensin + Tylan (Elanco Animal Health; Greenfield, IN; 360 mg and 90 mg per animal/daily, respectively; RT), 2) Rumensin + Celmanax + Certillus (Church and Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ; 18 g and 28 per animal/daily, respectively; RCC), or Celmanax + Certillus (18 g and 28 per animal/daily, respectively; CC). Feed intake during the initial 21 d of the experiment was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in CC vs. RCC and RT. No treatment effects were detected for steer BW gain and feed efficiency (P ≥ 0.41). Total incidence of steers treated for respiratory disease did not differ between treatments (77.9, 82.3, and 80.0%, respectively, P = 0.77). Removal of steers from the experiment due to extreme morbidity of mortality was greater (P = 0.02) in RT vs. CC, and intermediate for RCC (22.4, 7.0, and 12.9%, respectively). Accordingly, total liveweight per pen on d 45 was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CC and RCC vs. RT (3.79, 3.61, and 3.20 ton, respectively). Inclusion of CC into a receiving diet improved initial feed intake compared with ionophore-containing diets, but without changing steer performance. Moreover, CC and RCC resulted in improved health responses during the 45-d receiving period compared with the traditional RT receiving diet. These results suggest that CC ingredients improved intake and immunocompetence of receiving cattle.
PSVI-23 Evaluation of graded levels of Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30, 6086) on apparent nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and intestinal health indicators in healthy adult dogs
Authors: Acuff Heather L , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Functional pet foods, such as those containing probiotics, are considered a key growth driver in the $37 billion market of dog and cat foods in the United States. Of particular interest to pet food applications is the patented bacterial strain Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30, 6086), a commercially available spore-forming non-toxigenic microorganism with high resiliency to stresses associated with commercial manufacturing. The objectives of this research were to examine the effect of Bacillus coagulans on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health markers in healthy dogs. High-protein, grain-free extruded diets containing graded levels of probiotic applied through extrusion or as a topical coating were fed to ten adult Beagle dogs of similar age. The study was designed as 5 x 5 replicated Latin square with 16-d adaptation followed by 5-d total fecal collection for each period. The five dietary treatments were formulated to deliver a dose of 0-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per dog per day. Data were analyzed using a mixed model through SAS (version 9.3, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment and period as fixed effects and dog as random effect. Apparent digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy were greatest for dogs fed the 9-log10 dose treatment (85.8, 83.6, 91.7, 84.0%, respectively), with increases (P &lt; 0.05) observed in gross energy and organic matter digestibility compared to the negative control. Crude protein digestibility tended (P &lt; 0.10) to increase as probiotic dose increased. No significant differences were observed in food intake, stool quality, fecal pH, fecal ammonia, or fecal short chain fatty acids. These results suggest that Bacillus coagulans has a favorable impact on nutrient digestibility and no apparent adverse effects when added to extruded diets at a daily intake level of up to 9-log10 CFU in healthy adult dogs.
PSVI-26 Insect meals as novel protein sources in wet pet foods for adult cats
Authors: Hu Yi , He Fei , Mangian Heather , Lambrakis Leah , Saad Flavia M , de Godoy Maria R C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As the human and pet populations increase, the human and pet food industries will experience a greater demand for animal-based protein sources. Finding alternative proteins that are nutritional adequate and safe for companion animals may contribute to diversification of protein sources and lower the demand for animal-based protein in pet food products. However, limited information is available on the nutritional value of insects for pet animals. Thus, the object of this study was to evaluate three different insect meals, Speckled cockroach (SC; Nauphoeta cinerea), Madagascar hissing cockroach (MC; Gromphadorhina portentosa) and superworm (SW; Zophobas morio larvae), added at the expense of chicken meal (control diet), as protein sources in retorted feline diets. This study was a complete randomized design, with a total of 28 cats (mean age = 2.1 ± 0.03 yr; mean BW= 4.9 ± 0.8 kg) randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. All diet formulated meet or exceed the AAFCO (2018) nutrient profile. The experimental period was 28 d in length, with 7 d of diet adaptation (control diet) followed by 21 of feeding the assigned experimental diets. Fecal samples were collected at the last 4 d of experiment. All diets were well digested by the cats, and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (86.5–88.1%), organic matter (88.9–90.6%), fat (90.1–92.3%), crude protein (86.3–89.4%) did not differ among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Fecal scores were not affected by dietary treatment, ranging from 1.8 to 2.2 (5–point scale). Similarly, fecal branched-chain fatty acids, indole and phenol concentrations did not differ among treatments. Overall, the selected insect meals tested herein had no negative effects on macronutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics and metabolites, or overall health of adult cats.
PSXI-32 Effects of algae DHA on fatty acid profile of plasma red blood cell membrane and fecal microbiota of adult cats
Authors: James Carrie , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra L , de Godoy Maria R C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is evidence that algae can be a sustainable alternative of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFA; DHA and EPA) in the diets of felines, but more information is needed to determine bioavailability of algal w-3 PUFAs in felines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of algae DHA on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid profiles and fecal microbiota of adult cats. A complete randomized design was utilized with thirty female and male adult cats (mean age: 1.8 ± 0.03 yr, mean BW: 4.5 ± 0.8 kg) which were fed an assigned diet for 90 d. Three diets were formulated with poultry fat alone or inclusion of 2% fish oil or 2% algae DHA meal. Blood samples were collected after fasting on 0, 30, 60 and 90 d to be analyzed for plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles. A fresh fecal sample was collected within 15 min of defecation from each cat to be analyzed for fecal microbiota. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing from V4 region was completed using MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME 2. Plasma and RBC fatty acid concentrations at baseline were similar among all cats and treatment groups. However, dietary treatment had a significant effect on the concentrations of several fatty acids in plasma and RBC over time. Plasma and RBC concentrations of DHA were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for cats fed the algal DHA diet compared to the control and fish oil diets. Conversely, plasma and RBC concentrations of EPA did not differ among treatments when analyzed as a change from baseline. Beta- and alpha-diversity did not differ among treatments, indicating that 2% fish oil or algal-DHA meal does alter fecal microbiota of cats in contrast with cats fed a poultry fat-based diet.
PSIX-38 Program Chair Poster Pick: Healthy Farms Healthy Agriculture: A Web Hub for Biosecurity to Protect the Herd and Flock
Authors: Smith Julia M , Cummings Joanna C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many websites do not provide comprehensive information and resources on farm-level agricultural biosecurity, so those seeking recommendations may need to consult more than one website. With extramural funding, we created a new, more comprehensive biosecurity website with resources applicable across the United States. The site facilitates discovery and utilization of information, planning, and training resources that are focused on livestock biosecurity. The Healthy Farms Healthy Agriculture website (https://healthyagriculture.org) features information organized around three key mission areas or objectives: Prevent, Detect and Respond. The information on the site is appropriate for farm-level users, and includes training resources for youth or those working with youth; veterinarians; and other service providers. Planning resources include a risk assessment, an example biosecurity plan, a biosecurity plan template, and a crisis communications plan template. There is also a modular biosecurity plan-builder designed in a password-protected learning management system where users can save their plan. To attract traffic, a blog and a biosecurity community forum (at https://forums.healthyagriculture.org) keep the site fresh. Monthly Google analytics reports provide insights into how people get to and use the site, allowing adjustments to be made to increase traffic and time on the site. Funding for this effort is partially supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, under award number 2015-69004-23273.
PSVIII-31 Sources of variations, repeatability and reproducibility of microbial count data
Authors: Hassen Abebe T , Laffont Jean-Louis , Smiley Brenda , Iiams Chris , DeRoos Jennifer , Mounsey Denise D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The current study consists of two separate experiments to evaluate the relative contribution of systematic factors to the total variability of count data using same silage inoculant. In experiment-1, two lots of a raw material were used to prepare three batches of media. Each of three technicians weighed five independent samples per day, over 10 days and worked on their samples through dilution, plating, and counting. Each sample was grown on three plates. In experiment-2 technician effect was further evaluated at weighing-diluting, plating and counting subprocesses. Each technician weighed and diluted three independent samples per day, over three days. Samples were then shared between technicians during plating and counting. Count data were converted to log10 values and data in experiment-1 were analyzed using a random effects model that included lot, batch, technician, day, and sample within lot-batch-day-technician. Model for experiment-2 included similar effects, except technician effect was partitioned into weighing-diluting technician, plating technician, and counting technician, and there were no batch and lot effects. In experiment-1 sampling variance accounted for a relatively large proportion of the total variance (35%) followed by 33% due to technician effects. The overall repeatability standard deviation of count data was 0.08. Reproducibility standard deviation of measurements made by different technicians on the same day was 0.12. Reproducibility standard deviation of microbial count by the same technician at different days was 0.10. Contribution of sampling variance remained the highest in experiment-2 (39%). The total technician variance was mainly due to weighing-diluting technician, contributing to 31% of the total variance. The relatively large contribution of sample-to-sample variance suggests a major improvement in the precision of count data may be obtained through additional samples rather than increasing number of plates per sample. Technician training can further help reduce variation and improve consistency in sample weighing and dilution.
PSVIII-32 Late-Breaking Abstract: The effect of outdoor stocking density and weather on the behavior of broiler chickens raised in mobile shelters on pasture
Authors: Heins Brad J , Phillips Hannah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the behavior, and the relationship between weather and behavior, of broilers raised in mobile shelters with two stocking densities of pasture access. Fifty straight-run Freedom Rangers were used in three replicates (n = 150) at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center (Morris, MN). From 4 to 11 weeks of age, birds were housed in a mobile shelter divided into two equal-sized pens with daily access to pasture. Birds were allocated to one of the two pens corresponding to the treatment groups: 1) high (0.46 m2 per bird) and 2) low (2.5 m2 per bird) density outdoor pasture allowance. Ten focal birds per pen were randomly designated for behavior observations performed eight times weekly from 5 to 10 weeks of age. Counts of the number of birds outside were recorded during each observation. Behaviors were recorded continuously for 1-minute durations (Animal Behaviour Pro© app) on each focal bird. The means averaged for each observation were analyzed in linear mixed models with fixed (treatment), random (pen and replicate), and repeated (observation) effects. Models included age, heat index, solar radiation, and their interactions with treatment based on a backward stepwise selection. The temperature range recorded during the study was 7 to 32 ⁰C. No behavioral differences between treatments were observed. Standing decreased (P &lt; 0.05) as heat index increased. Pasture use declined (P &lt; 0.05) when heat index was greater than 26 ⁰C. Foraging decreased (P &lt; 0.05) and pasture use increased (P &lt; 0.05) as age increased. The results of this study indicate similar behaviors of broilers raised with two levels of pasture allowance and suggests that hot weather negatively affects the use of pasture space. Thus, providing shade in pasture might be a method to increasing ranging in broilers.
PSX-36 Late-Breaking Abstract: Effect of increasing levels of soy hulls in finishing diets of feedlot cattle offered free-choice hay on performance, roughage intake and carcass characteristics
Authors: Pittaluga Alejandro , Felix Tara L , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing quantity of soy-hulls in diets of feedlot cattle offered free-choice hay on finishing performance, roughage intake, and carcass characteristics. Sixty heifers and 54 steers, Angus*Simangus-crossbreds, were used in a randomized complete block design. Cattle were stratified by sex and weight and randomly assigned to 1 of 12 pens. Treatment 1 consisted of 5% soy hulls (SH; 5%SH), 70% cracked corn (CC), 15% dry distiller grains with soluble (DDGS), 10% mineral supplement (SUP). Treatments 2 (10%SH) and 3 (15%SH) included an additional 5% and 10% SH in place of CC, respectively. Hay was offered ad libitum and separate from the concentrates in different bunks, both concentrate and forage were fed in GrowSafe units. Data were analyzed as a complete block design and mean differences in group means were determined using polynomial contrast [lineal (L) and quadratic (Q)]. There was a quadratic effect of soy hull inclusion on final body weight (fBW) and concentrate intake (Q-P ˂ 0.05); 5%SH and 15%SH had a greater fBW and concentrate intake compared to those fed 10%SH. Gain to feed ratio was not affected by treatments (L-P ≥ 0.33). There was a linear effect of SH on hay intake (L-P ˂ 0.05) with cattle fed 5%SH consuming less hay than those fed 15%SH. There was no effect on ribeye area, yield grade, or backfat (L-P ≥ 0.35; Q-P ≥ 0.14). Hot carcass weight tended to quadratically respond to dietary treatments (Q-P &lt; 0.10), while marbling score tended to be linearly decreased by increased SH inclusion (L-P = 0.09). Kidney-pelvic-heart fat was linearly decreased by increased SH inclusion (L-P ˂ 0.05). Results indicate that non-roughage NDF from by-products can effectively contribute to a reduction of roughage utilization in feedlot diets without compromising growth performance or carcass characteristics.
PSIII-32 Interactive effects of copper sources and superdose phytase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and tissue mineral concentrations in nursery pigs
Authors: Ren Ping , Cushing Joe , Hancock Deana , Vazquez-Anon Mercedes 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the interactive effects of copper (Cu) sources and superdose phytase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and tissue mineral concentrations in nursery pigs. A total of 288 weaning barrows (PIC 337 × 1050, Hendersonville, TN; BW = 6.06 ± 0.99 kg), blocked by BW, were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments, with 12 pens/treatments and 4 pigs/pen. Six dietary treatments were arranged in 3 × 2 factorial design, with 3 Cu sources [125 ppm Cu from copper sulfate (CuSO4), tribasic copper chloride (TBCC) or copper methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (Cu-MHAC, MINTREX® Cu, Novus International, Inc.), respectively] and 2 phytase levels [0 or 1500 FTU/kg from phytase PHYTAVERSE® G10 (Novus International, Inc.)]. There was an interaction (P = 0.05) between Cu sources and superdose phytase on ADG during d 0–41, with the improvement by superdose phytase being 25.84, 33.96 and 40.85% when the Cu sources were CuSO4, TBCC and Cu-MHAC, respectively. Superdose phytase significantly (P &lt; 0.01) reduced F:G during d 0 to 41. Cu-MHAC led to greater ATTD of neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF, ADF, respectively; P = 0.01) than CuSO4 and TBCC, respectively. Cu-MHAC led to greater (P = 0.03) ATTD of P than CuSO4, with TBCC intermediate. There was no interaction (P &gt; 0.10) between Cu sources and superdose phytase in terms of nutrient digestibility and tissue mineral concentrations. Cu source did not (P &gt; 0.10) affect tissue mineral concentrations; however, superdose phytase increased (P ≤ 0.05) bone Ca and P concentrations. In conclusion, Cu-MHAC may improve the efficacy of superdose phytase in terms of growth performance, most likely by improving phytate P hydrolysis and therefore providing more P for absorption. Superdose phytase is effective in improving growth performance of nursery pigs, mainly driven by increased Ca and P absorption and utilization.