bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermochronology of the southern Mexican margin (Xolapa belt), Acapulco to Puerto Angel: Crustal dynamics of a trench-trench-transform triple junction
Authors: Villagómez* Diego , Pindell James 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
New low-temperature thermochronological data analyses (apatite fission track and apatite and zircon [U-Th]/He) on rocks from the southern (Pacific) margin of Mexico between Acapulco and the western Gulf of Tehuantepec, where pre–middle Eocene arc and forearc complexes are expected but missing, show that this continental margin was subjected to an important Tertiary exhumational event. Exhumation is constrained to ca. 32–20 Ma in the west (Acapulco) and to ca. 19–11 Ma in the east (Puerto Angel) and was thus eastwardly diachronous. The diachroneity is interpreted as relating to the migration of the Chortis block, representing the western end of the Caribbean plate. The amount of exhumation along the trend is constrained to roughly 4–5 km (~0.3–0.6 km/m.y.). These magnitudes and rates are much less than previous estimates of 2.5–4 km/m.y. during the Oligocene, which are likely overestimated. These faster rates have been employed in a competing model for arc removal by orthogonal subduction erosion (i.e., Chortis block not involved), which is accordingly questioned. The exhumation was not due to shearing or fault-related uplift as the Chortis block migrated, but rather to the inception of subduction along Mexico in the wake of Chortis block migration. A four-part history applies to southern Mexico that is eastwardly diachronous: (1) inception of arc magmatism as the Chortis block first moved over the ~150 km depth contour of the Farallon/Cocos Benioff zone; (2) uplift and exhumation of basement as southern Mexico encountered and overrode the site of the Farallon/Cocos Benioff zone; (3) northward migration of arc magmatism as the Chortis block left the cross section and North America continued to advance further onto the Cocos plate, producing flat slab subduction geometry; and (4) resumption of forearc subsidence once the Mexican margin had acquired a subduction zone hanging-wall geometry. The missing arc terrane along southern Mexico is the Chortis block.
Characteristics of myopic traction maculopathy in myopic Singaporean
adults
Authors: Matsumura Saiko , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Wong Chee Wai , Tan Chuen-Seng , Kuo Anthony , Wong Yee Ling , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching-Yu , Hoang Quan V , Saw Seang Mei 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
To investigate the characteristics, risk factors and visual impact of
myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) among adults with myopia in
Singapore.

Methods
We analysed 3316 myopic eyes of adults aged over 40 years who participated
in the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases-2 study. Detailed questionnaires
and ophthalmic examinations were conducted. A total of 2913 myopic eyes of 1639
subjects were graded for MTM by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
MTM is defined as the presence of retinoschisis, lamellar or full-thickness
macula hole and foveal retinal detachment. Fundus photographs were graded for
myopic macular degeneration (MMD).

Results
Of these 2913 myopic eyes, the mean and SD of age was 60.1±8.0 years; the
spherical equivalent (SE) was −2.5±2.3 D; and the axial length (AL) was
24.6±1.3 mm. MTM was found in 0.9% of myopic eyes and 7.3% of highly myopic
eyes. In the multivariate analysis, myopic SE (p<0.001), longer AL
(p<0.001), MMD (p=0.01) and epiretinal traction (p<0.001) were
independent risk factors for MTM. MTM was not associated with age (p=0.38). MTM
was significantly associated with poorer best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)
(p<0.01).

Conclusions
Our population-based study revealed that MTM was present in 0.9% of myopic
eyes and 7.3% of highly myopic eyes. While greater myopic SE, longer AL, MMD
and epiretinal traction are risk factors of MTM, age was not related to MTM.
MTM has a negative effect on BCVA.
Associations of workflow disruptions in the operating room with surgical outcomes: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Koch Amelie , Burns Jacob , Catchpole Ken , Weigl Matthias 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPerformance in the operating room is an important determinant of surgical safety. Flow disruptions (FDs) represent system-related performance problems that affect the efficiency of the surgical team and have been associated with a risk to patient safety. Despite the growing evidence base on FDs, a systematic synthesis has not yet been published.ObjectiveOur aim was to identify, evaluate and summarise the evidence on relationships between intraoperative FD events and provider, surgical process and patient outcomes.MethodsWe systematically searched databases MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO (last update: September 2019). Two reviewers independently screened the resulting studies at the title/abstract and full text stage in duplicate, and all inconsistencies were resolved through discussion. We assessed the risk of bias of included studies using established and validated tools. We summarised effects from included studies through a narrative synthesis, stratified based on predefined surgical outcome categories, including surgical process, provider and patient outcomes.ResultsWe screened a total of 20 481 studies. 38 studies were found to be eligible. Included studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of methodology, medical specialty and context. Across studies, 20.5% of operating time was attributed to FDs. Various other process, patient and provider outcomes were reported. Most studies reported negative or non-significant associations of FDs with surgical outcomes.ConclusionApart from the identified relationship of FDs with procedure duration, the evidence base concerning the impact of FDs on provider, surgical process and patient outcomes is limited and heterogeneous. We further provide recommendations concerning use of methods, relevant outcomes and avenues for future research on associated effects of FDs in surgery.
Early cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in troponin-positive acute chest pain and non-obstructed coronary arteries
Authors: Vágó Hajnalka , Szabó Liliána , Dohy Zsófia , Czimbalmos Csilla , Tóth Attila , Suhai Ferenc Imre , Bárczi György , Gyarmathy V. Anna , Becker Dávid , Merkely Béla 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveWe assessed the diagnostic and prognostic implications of early cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), CMR-based deformation imaging and conventional risk factors in patients with troponin-positive acute chest pain and non-obstructed coronary arteries.MethodsIn total, 255 patients presenting between 2009 and 2019 with troponin-positive acute chest pain and non-obstructed coronary arteries who underwent CMR in ≤7 days were followed for a clinical endpoint of all-cause mortality. Cine movies, T2-weighted and late gadolinium-enhanced images were evaluated to establish a diagnosis of the underlying heart disease. Further CMR analysis, including left ventricular strain, was carried out.ResultsCMR (performed at a mean of 2.7 days) provided the diagnosis in 86% of patients (54% myocarditis, 22% myocardial infarction (MI) and 10% Takotsubo syndrome and myocardial contusion (n=1)). The 4-year mortality for a diagnosis of MI, myocarditis, Takotsubo and normal CMR patients was 10.2%, 1.6%, 27.3% and 0%, respectively. We found a strong association between CMR diagnosis and mortality (log-rank: 24, p<0.0001). Takotsubo and MI as the diagnosis, age, hypertension, diabetes, female sex, ejection fraction, stroke volume index and most of the investigated strain parameters were univariate predictors of mortality; however, in the multivariate analysis, only hypertension and circumferential mechanical dispersion measured by strain analysis were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionsCMR performed in the early phase establishes the proper diagnosis in patients with troponin-positive acute chest pain and non-obstructed coronary arteries and provides additional prognostic factors. This may indicate that CMR could play an additional role in risk stratification in this patient population.
Facilitators and barriers to child restraint use in motor vehicles: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Hunter Kate , Matzopoulos Richard , Prinsloo Megan , Ivers Rebecca Q , Peden Margaret 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundRoad traffic collisions contribute a significant burden of mortality and morbidity to children globally. The improper or non-use of child restraints can result in children sustaining significant injuries in the event of a collision. Systematic reviews on the effectiveness of various interventions to increase the use of child restraints already exist but to the best of our knowledge, there has been no qualitative evidence syntheses on the facilitators and barriers to child restraint usage. This review aims to fill that gap.MethodsWe searched for qualitative studies, which focused on perceptions, values and experiences of children, parents/caregivers or any other relevant stakeholders on the use of restraints for children travelling in motor vehicles in PubMed, EMBASE and Global Health and screened reference lists of all included studies. We assessed the quality of included studies with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist and used the PROGRESS Plus lens for an equity focused analysis.ResultsWe identified a total of 335 records from searching the databases and five records from other sources. After screening, we identified 17 studies that met our inclusion criteria. All but one study (which had children as participants) focused on the perceptions, attitudes and barriers of parents or caregivers. The included studies were from three high-income (n=14) and one upper-middle income (n=3) country. In addition, although many focused exclusively on participants from culturally and linguistically diverse minorities, the issue of equity was not well addressed. Five major themes emerged from the analysis. (1) perceived risk for injuries and perceived safety benefits of child restraint usage varies in different settings and between different types of caregivers; (2) practical issues around the use of child restraints is a major barrier to its uptake as a child safety measure; (3) restraint use is considered as a mechanism to discipline children rather than as a safety device by parents and as children became older they actively seek opportunities to negotiate the non-usage of restraints; (4) adoption and enforcement of laws shape perceptions and usage in all settings and (5) perceptions and norms of child safety differ among culturally and linguistically diverse groups.ConclusionThe results of this systematic review should be considered when designing interventions to promote the uptake of child restraints. However, there is a need to conduct qualitative research around the facilitators and barriers to child restraint usage in low-income and middle-income countries. Furthermore, there is a need for more evidence conducted in semiurban and rural areas and to involve fathers, policy-makers, implementers and enforcement agencies in such studies.
Increased focal internal carotid artery angulation in patients with posterior communicating artery aneurysms
Authors: Rosato Richard , Comptdaer Gabriela , Mulligan Ryan , Breton Jeffrey M , Lesha Emal , Lauric Alexandra , Malek Adel M 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAneurysms at the posterior communicating artery (PCOM) origin represent the most common location on the internal carotid artery (ICA), and are associated with greater recurrence following endovascular treatment. We evaluate the association between ICA angulation in three-dimensional (3D) space and PCOM aneurysmal development, using high-resolution 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) studies.Methods3DRA datasets were evaluated in 70 patients with PCOM aneurysms, 31 non-aneurysmal contralateral, and 86 healthy controls (187 total). The local angle formed by upstream and downstream ICA segments at the PCOM origin, αICA@PCOM, was measured using 3DRA multiplanar reconstruction. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed on parametric and patient-based models.ResultsαICA@PCOMwas significantly larger in aneurysm-bearing ICA segments (68.14±11.91°) compared with non-aneurysmal contralateral (57.17±10.76°, p<0.001) and healthy controls (48.13±13.68°, p<0.001). A discriminant threshold αICA@PCOMvalue of 61° (87% specificity, 80% sensitivity) was established (area under the curve (AUC)=0.88). Ruptured PCOM aneurysms had a significantly larger αICA@PCOMcompared to unruptured (72.65±15.16° vs 66.35±9.94°, p=0.04). In parametric and patient-based CFD analysis, a large αICA@PCOMinduces high focal pressure at the PCOM origin, relatively low wall shear stress (WSS), and high proximal WSS spatial gradients (WSSG).ConclusionICA angulation at PCOM origin is significantly higher in vessels harboring PCOM aneurysms compared with contralateral and healthy ICAs. This sharper bend in the ICA leads to high focal pressure at the aneurysm neck, low focal WSS and high proximal WSSG. These findings underline the importance of morphological ICA variations and the likelihood of PCOM aneurysm, an association which can inform clinical decisions and may serve in predictive analytics.
Association of pretreatment pontine infarction with extremely poor outcome after endovascular thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion
Authors: Yoon Woong , Baek Byung Hyun , Lee Yun Young , Kim Seul Kee , Kim Joon-Tae , Park Man Seok 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe association between pretreatment brain stem infarction and thrombectomy outcomes remains to be elucidated in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We aimed to assess the association between pretreatment pontine infarction and extremely poor outcome in patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy due to acute BAO.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from a stroke database to identify patients with acute BAO who underwent thrombectomy between January 2011 and August 2019. Patient characteristics, pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data, and outcomes were evaluated. The largest infarct core was expressed as the percentage of infarct core area in each brain stem region on the DWI slice displaying the largest lesion. Extremely poor outcome was defined as a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 5 or 6.ResultsA total of 113 patients were included, 37 of whom had extremely poor outcome. Among the 15 patients with extensive pontine infarction (largest pontine infarct core of ≥70%), 93.3% had extremely poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the following variables were independent predictors of extremely poor outcome: extensive pontine infarction (adjusted OR 22.494; 95% CI 2.335 to 216.689; p=0.007), posterior circulation ASPECTS on DWI (adjusted OR per 1-point decrease 1.744; 95% CI 1.197 to 2.541; p=0.004), age (adjusted OR per 1-year increase 1.067; 95% CI 1.009 to 1.128; p=0.023), and baseline NIHSS (adjusted OR per 1-point increase 1.105; 95% CI 1.004 to 1.216; p=0.040).ConclusionOur results showed that a large pontine infarct core of ≥70% on pretreatment DWI was strongly associated with extremely poor outcome among patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy for acute BAO.
Future smoking prevalence by socioeconomic status in England: a computational modelling study
Authors: Song Fujian , Elwell-Sutton Tim , Naughton Felix , Gentry Sarah 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe difference in smoking across socioeconomic groups is a major cause of health inequality. This study projected future smoking prevalence by socioeconomic status, and revealed what is needed to achieve the tobacco-free ambition (TFA) by 2030 in England.MethodsUsing data from multiple sources, the adult (≥18 years) population in England was separated into subgroups by smoking and highest educational qualification (HEQ). A discrete time state-transition model was used to project future smoking prevalence by HEQ deterministically and stochastically.ResultsIn a status quo scenario, smoking prevalence in England is projected to be 10.8% (95% uncertainty interval: 9.1% to 12.9%) by 2022, 7.8% (5.5% to 11.0%) by 2030 and 6.0% (3.7% to 9.6%) by 2040. The absolute difference in smoking rate between low and high HEQ is reduced from 12.2% in 2016 to 7.9% by 2030, but the relative inequality (low/high HEQ ratio) is increased from 2.48 in 2016 to 3.06 by 2030. When applying 2016 initiation/relapse rates, achievement of the TFA target requires no changes to future cessation rates among adults with high qualifications, but increased rates of 37% and 149%, respectively, in adults with intermediate and low qualifications.ConclusionsIf the current trends continue, smoking prevalence in England is projected to decline in the future, but with substantial differences across socioeconomic groups. Absolute inequalities in smoking are likely to decline and relative inequalities in smoking are likely to increase in future. The achievement of England’s TFA will require the reduction of both absolute and relative inequalities in smoking by socioeconomic status.
Cross‐sectional study of British wild deer for evidence of Schmallenberg virus infection
Authors: Southwell Rebecca Marie , Sherlock Kenneth , Baylis Matthew 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSchmallenberg virus (SBV) is an orthobunyavirus, carried by Culicoides biting midges, that causes reproductive problems in adult ruminants when infected during their gestation period. SBV was first detected in ruminants in the UK in 2011/2012 and then again in 2016. The reason behind the 2016 re‐emergence of SBV is unknown, but one possibility is that it can be maintained in wildlife, such as deer. SBV has been detected at high seroprevalence in deer in a number of European countries, but only once in the UK in a single region.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to survey wild deer across Great Britain for recent evidence of SBV. Deer hunters were recruited for the purpose of providing postmortem blood samples to be tested for SBV antibodies.ResultsThe seroprevalence of SBV in the British wild deer population was 13.8 per cent; found in red, roe, muntjac and fallow deer species, with more in deer further south.ConclusionThese results support the growing concern that SBV is now endemic in Great Britain and highlight the need to know the role of wildlife in SBV transmission.
Extra packing of mass of anisotropic interiors induced by MGD
Authors: Arias C. , Tello-Ortiz Francisco , Contreras E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work we investigate the extra packing of mass within the framework of gravitational decoupling by means of Minimal Geometric Deformation approach. It is shown that, after a suitable set of the free parameters involved, the like-Tolman IV solution extended by Minimal Geometric Deformation not only acquire extra packing of mass but it corresponds to a stable configuration according to the adiabatic index criteria. Additionally, it is shown that the extra packing condition induce a lower bound on the compactness parameter of the seed isotropic solution and a stringent restriction on the decoupling parameter.
Efficient Kernel Extreme Learning Machine and Neutrosophic C-means-based Attribute Weighting Method for Medical Data Classification
Authors: Irene D. Shiny , Sethukarasi T. 
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes an integrated system neutrosophic C-means-based attribute weighting-kernel extreme learning machine (NCMAW-KELM) for medical data classification using NCM clustering and KELM. To do that, NCMAW is developed, and then combined with classification method in classification of medical data. The proposed approach contains two steps. In the first step, input attributes are weighted using NCMAW method. The purpose of the weighting method is twofold: (i) to improve the classification performance in the classification of the medical data, (ii) to transform from nonlinearly separable dataset to linearly separable dataset. Finally, KELM algorithm is used for medical data classification purpose. In KELM algorithm, four types of kernels, such as Polynomial, Sigmoid, Radial basis function and Linear, are used. The simulation result on our three datasets demonstrates that the sigmoid kernel is outperformed to ELM in most cases. From the results, NCMAW-KELM approach may be a promising method in medical data classification problem.
Polypharmacy, Adverse Outcomes, and Treatment Effectiveness in Patients ≥75 With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Chen Nemin , Alam Aniqa B. , Lutsey Pamela L. , MacLehose Richard F. , Claxton J'Neka S. , Chen Lin Y. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: May 2020

Background

Polypharmacy is highly prevalent in elderly people with chronic conditions, including atrial fibrillation (
AF
). The impact of polypharmacy on adverse outcomes and on treatment effectiveness in elderly patients with
AF
remains unaddressed.

Methods and Results

We studied 338 810
AF
patients ≥75 years of age enrolled in the MarketScan Medicare Supplemental database in 2007–2015. Polypharmacy was defined as ≥5 active prescriptions at
AF
diagnosis (defined by the presence of
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
[
ICD‐9‐CM
] codes) based on outpatient pharmacy claims.
AF
treatments (oral anticoagulation, rhythm and rate control) and cardiovascular end points (ischemic stroke, bleeding, heart failure) were defined based on inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy claims. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate associations of polypharmacy with cardiovascular end points and the interaction between polypharmacy and
AF
treatments in relation to cardiovascular end points. Prevalence of polypharmacy was 52%. Patients with polypharmacy had increased risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.12–1.20) and heart failure (
HR
, 1.33; 95%
CI
, 1.29–1.36) but not ischemic stroke (
HR
, 0.96; 95%
CI
, 0.92–1.00), compared with those not receiving polypharmacy. Polypharmacy status did not consistently modify the effectiveness of oral anticoagulants. Rhythm control (versus rate control) was more effective in preventing heart failure hospitalization in patients not receiving polypharmacy (
HR
, 0.87; 95%
CI
, 0.76–0.99) than among those with polypharmacy (
HR
, 0.98; 95%
CI
, 0.91–1.07;
P
=0.02 for interaction).

Conclusion

Polypharmacy is common among patients ≥75 with
AF
, is associated with adverse outcomes, and may modify the effectiveness of
AF
treatments. Optimizing management of polypharmacy in
AF
patients ≥75 may lead to improved outcomes.
Flamingos and Perverted Sacrifices in Suetonius’ Life of Caligula
Authors: Köster Isabel K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Suetonius’ biography of Caligula contains two mentions of the sacrifice of exotic birds: at Cal. 22.3 a range of them are sacrificed to the emperor and at Cal. 57.4 Caligula sacrifices a flamingo. By setting these references within the larger context of Roman sacrifice, this article argues that these sacrifices should be considered perverted acts. They form part of Suetonius’ strategy of depicting Caligula’s religious activities as an aberration. Looking beyond Suetonius’ text, the bird sacrifices prompt wider questions about the nature of the Cult of Caligula and about what constitutes an appropriate sacrifice in the Roman world.