bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the association between obesity and insulin-induced gene 1 polymorphism at 7q36.3 region in Uygur population in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tao Jing , Abudoukelimu Mayila , Shen Xin , Liu Jun , Wang Feng-xia , Yuan Jie , Gu Pei-Pei , Zhu Wei , Zhang Xiao-tian , Wang Zhao , Ma Yi-tong , Li Guo-qing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Obesity is a common heritable trait and a major risk factors of chronic and metabolic diseases. Insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) is known to play important roles in cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism. In the present study, our primary objective was to explore whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in INSIG1 gene were associated with obesity in Uygur subjects, in Xinjiang, China.
Methods: We designed a case–control study including 516 obese patients and 463 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Three SNPs (rs2721, rs9767875 and rs9719268) were genotyped using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays.
Results: For rs2721, the distribution of genotypes, dominant model (GT + TT vs GG), recessive model (TT vs GT + GG) showed significant differences between obese patients and the controls (P = 0.008, P = 0.005 and P = 0.035, respectively). For rs9719268, the distribution of genotypes showed significant differences between obese patients and the controls (P = 0.004). The dominant model (GT + TT vs GG) of rs2721 and rs9719268 GT genotype remain significantly associated with obesity after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.047–1.853, P = 0.023; OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.059–2.512, P = 0.026). The TG levels were significantly higher in rs2721 GT/TT genotypes than that in GG genotypes (P&lt;0.05).
Conclusions: Rs2721 and rs9719268 of INSIG1 gene are associated with obesity in Uygur subjects. Subjects with GT/TT genotype or T allele of rs2721 and GT genotype of rs9719268 were associated with an increased risk of obesity.
How is the acyl chain composition of phosphoinositides created and does it matter?
Authors: Barneda David , Cosulich Sabina , Stephens Len , Hawkins Phillip 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The phosphoinositide (PIPn) family of signalling phospholipids are central regulators in membrane cell biology. Their varied functions are based on the phosphorylation pattern of their inositol ring, which can be recognized by selective binding domains in their effector proteins and be modified by a series of specific PIPn kinases and phosphatases, which control their interconversion in a spatial and temporal manner. Yet, a unique feature of PIPns remains largely unexplored: their unusually uniform acyl chain composition. Indeed, while most phospholipids present a range of molecular species comprising acyl chains of diverse length and saturation, PIPns in several organisms and tissues show the predominance of a single hydrophobic backbone, which in mammals is composed of arachidonoyl and stearoyl chains. Despite evolution having favoured this specific PIPn configuration, little is known regarding the mechanisms and functions behind it. In this review, we explore the metabolic pathways that could control the acyl chain composition of PIPns as well as the potential roles of this selective enrichment. While our understanding of this phenomenon has been constrained largely by the technical limitations in the methods traditionally employed in the PIPn field, we believe that the latest developments in PIPn analysis should shed light onto this old question.
Multidisciplinary Evaluation and Management of Cortical Deafness and Other Related Central Hearing Impairments
Authors: Dumanch Kelsey A. , Poling Gayla L. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeA summary of literature surrounding cortical hearing impairment (cortical deafness, auditory agnosia, and pure word deafness) was studied to identify causes and prognoses of the disorders, in addition to assessment methods and rehabilitation strategies for the multidisciplinary care team setting.MethodA comprehensive review of the literature surrounding cortical hearing impairment with a focus on clinical evaluation and management of patients with these conditions was performed.ResultsAn extensive literature search resulted in 109 relevant articles discussing cases of cortical hearing impairment.ConclusionsCortical deafness continues to be the rarest of the cortical hearing impairment spectrum of disorders, with reports of auditory agnosia and pure word deafness appearing more commonly. In order to assess and manage patients with these conditions, audiologists must utilize a comprehensive set of clinical tools. This information must be combined with results of thorough multidisciplinary evaluations in order to better characterize diagnoses and outcomes for these patients. Continued reporting of case studies and summaries of the literature is encouraged, with a specific call for more consistent assessment and reporting formats.
Warm dust surface chemistry in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Thi W. F. , Hocuk S. , Kamp I. , Woitke P. , Rab Ch. , Cazaux S. , Caselli P. , D’Angelo M. 
Published: October 2019

Context.The origin of the reservoirs of water on Earth is debated. The Earth’s crust may contain at least three times more water than the oceans. This crust water is found in the form of phyllosilicates, whose origin probably differs from that of the oceans.Aims.We test the possibility to form phyllosilicates in protoplanetary disks, which can be the building blocks of terrestrial planets.Methods.We developed an exploratory rate-based warm surface chemistry model where water from the gas-phase can chemisorb on dust grain surfaces and subsequently diffuse into the silicate cores. We applied the phyllosilicate formation to a zero-dimensional chemical model and to a 2D protoplanetary disk model (PRODIMO). The disk model includes in addition to the cold and warm surface chemistry continuum and line radiative transfer, photoprocesses (photodissociation, photoionisation, and photodesorption), gas-phase cold and warm chemistry including three-body reactions, and detailed thermal balance.Results.Despite the high energy barrier for water chemisorption on silicate grain surfaces and for diffusion into the core, the chemisorption sites at the surfaces can be occupied by a hydroxyl bond (–OH) at all gas and dust temperatures from 80 to 700 K for a gas density of 2 × 104cm−3. The chemisorption sites in the silicate cores are occupied at temperatures between 250 and 700 K. At higher temperatures thermal desorption of chemisorbed water occurs. The occupation efficiency is only limited by the maximum water uptake of the silicate. The timescales for complete hydration are at most 105yr for 1 mm radius grains at a gas density of 108cm−3.Conclusions.Phyllosilicates can be formed on dust grains at the dust coagulation stage in protoplanetary disks within 1 Myr. It is however not clear whether the amount of phyllosilicate formed by warm surface chemistry is sufficient compared to that found in Solar System objects.
Hyperkaliämie
Authors: Gerhardt Louisa M. S. , Angermann Christiane E. 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungHyperkaliämie erhöht bei stationären wie auch ambulanten Patienten das Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisiko. Verursacht wird diese häufige Elektrolytstörung durch verminderte renale Kaliumelimination, vermehrte Kaliumzufuhr oder Kaliumverschiebung vom Intra- in den Extrazellularraum, wenn Ausscheidungs- oder Regulationsmechanismen zusätzlich beeinträchtigt sind. Hyperkaliämie kann zur Störung des zellulären Membranpotenzials und in der Folge zu lebensbedrohlichen Herzrhythmusstörungen führen. Ein besonders hohes Hyperkaliämie-Risiko haben herzinsuffiziente Patienten, die zudem an Niereninsuffizienz und/oder Diabetes mellitus leiden. Folgen sind oft eine nicht ausreichende Dosierung, Dosisreduktion oder Absetzen prognostisch wichtiger Herzinsuffizienzmedikamente, die eine Hyperkaliämie-Neigung verstärken (z. B. Angiotensin-Konversionsenzym-Hemmer, Angiotensin-Rezeptorblocker und Mineralokortikoidrezeptor-Antagonisten). Neue orale Kaliumbinder könnten die Therapiemöglichkeiten entscheidend erweitern.
Interventionelle Behandlung der Aortenklappe – Update und Herausforderungen 2019
Authors: Gerçek Muhammed , Rudolph Tanja , Bleiziffer Sabine , Rudolph Volker 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAortic valve stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease requiring treatment in Europe. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has already been established as a standard therapy in patients with high but also intermediate risk.In the meantime, it is even being performed more frequently than surgical replacement in Germany.This article presents current data, indications and future challenges.
Verschluss des persistierenden Foramen ovale nach ischämischem Schlaganfall
Authors: Häusler Karl Georg , Neugebauer Hermann 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSecondary prevention of otherwise cryptogenic stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been a matter of debate over nearly three decades. Main issues were that data essentially derived from case-control-studies for a long period and that results from the randomized controlled trials CLOSURE-I, PC Trial and RESPECT, which were published in 2012 and 2013, were interpreted in different ways. The likewise not blinded randomized controlled trials REDUCE, CLOSE and DEFENSE-PFO, which were published in 2017 and 2018, consistently demonstrated superiority of interventional PFO closure compared to secondary stroke prevention with antiplatelet therapy in patients 18 to 60 years with cryptogenic stroke and moderate to severe atrial right-to-left shunt. Consecutively, the German Society of Cardiology, the German Society of Neurology and the German Stroke Society published joint recommendations strongly recommending interventional PFO closure in these patients. This review article briefly summarizes current scientific knowledge. Furthermore, open questions regarding secondary prevention in otherwise cryptogenic stroke patients with PFO are discussed.
Ein Vergleich zwischen der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik in den 70er- und 80er-Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts – Teil 2
Authors: Thümmler Katrin , Koch Sebastian 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungNach der Teilung Deutschlands wurde in beiden deutschen Staaten endoskopisch erfolgreich gearbeitet und geforscht. „Auch wenn sie wegen mangelnder Gelder und schlechter Grundausstattung nicht an den westlichen Standard anknüpfen konnte, erzielte die DDR – dank großen Engagements und Improvisation – eindrucksvolle Ergebnisse. Exemplarisch sind der Bereich der pädiatrischen Gastroenterologie und das Thema ,Malabsorption und Eiweißexsudation in den Dünndarm‘ zu nennen, auf beiden Gebieten wurde in Jena gearbeitet“ 1. Das Wissen der in der DDR tätigen Endoskopiker ist durchaus verwendbar.Im Vorwort der Chronik der Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie der DDR schrieb 2002 Professor Tilman Sauerbruch: „Wir, die wir das Glück hatten nach dem Krieg im Westen Deutschlands aufgewachsen zu sein, haben uns selten oder nie klargemacht, wie eine Diktatur auch das ärztliche Handeln bestimmt. Und wir haben uns nicht klargemacht, dass zwischen 1961 und 1989 in der DDR eine eigene Geschichte der Gastroenterologie geschrieben wurde […] trotz materiellen Mangels und fehlender Ressourcen, trotz des unterdrückten Austauschs über die Grenzen hinweg und trotz der deutlichen Beeinträchtigung des universitären Gedankens einer freien Forschung“ 2.In beiden deutschen Staaten wurden endoskopische Meisterleistungen erbracht. Im vereinten Deutschland muss deshalb denen Dank gezollt werden, die Neues entwickelt haben, aber auch denen, die unter erschwerten Bedingungen geforscht und gearbeitet haben.
Pflegerische Begleitung ängstlicher Patienten vor endoskopischen Eingriffen
Authors: Franke Kai 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Begleitung ängstlicher Patienten vor einer endoskopischen Untersuchung ist im Alltag ein elementarer Bestandteil. Die vorhandene Angst können wir ihnen so kurzfristig nicht nehmen, aber wir können durch Rahmenbedingungen im Vorfeld und Kommunikation positiv auf sie einwirken, ihre Angst zu lindern und diese anzunehmen. Vieles wenden wir im Alltag unterbewusst bereits an. Wir sollten individuell auf den Patienten und seine Bedürfnisse eingehen und bestimmte einzelne Maßnahmen anwenden. Nicht alle Maßnahmen auf einmal sind für jeden Patienten sinnvoll, es gilt: auch weniger ist manchmal mehr. Auch eine einfache Begleitung durch das Halten der Hand bis zur vollständigen Sedierung ist oftmals ausreichend. Patienten mit Einschränkungen der Sinne, wie zum Beispiel einer Hörschädigung, müssen ebenfalls erst erkannt und individuell betreut werden. Dies kann etwas mehr Zeit in Anspruch nehmen. Zeit sollten wir diesen Patienten zugestehen, um bei solchen Untersuchungen einen positiven Verlauf und ein qualitativ hochwertiges Untersuchungsergebnis zu erreichen.Ich bin der Meinung, dass es keinen anderen Beruf gibt, der näher am Mensch ist, als den Beruf des Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegers.Wir dürfen im turbulenten Alltag nicht vergessen, dass wir mit Menschen zusammenarbeiten, die unsere uneingeschränkte Aufmerksamkeit benötigen.
Multiselective Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions Using α-Keto Esters as Pronucleophiles
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: October 2019

In the reactions of simple starting materials, precise catalytic control of the stereochemical outcome (enantio- and diastereoselectivity), as well as chemoselectivity and regioselectivity is an efficient approach to increase molecular complexity with minimal use of protecting groups. Here, we introduce our ongoing studies on asymmetric catalytic reactions using α-keto esters as pronucleophiles or formal 1,3-dipolarophiles. Capitalizing on the high tunability of our late transition-metal complexes with a suitable basic counteranion, we have established a range of multiselective catalytic protocols starting from α-keto esters to provide a wide variety of stereochemically complex molecules incorporating adjacent stereocenters.1	Introduction2	Catalytic Asymmetric Monofluorination with NSFI3	Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reaction with Nitroolefins4	Catalytic Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition with (E)-Nitrones5	Catalytic Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition with Nitrile Oxides6	Summary
Anterolateral Approach with Endoscopic Assistance for Resection of a Craniovertebral Junction Chordoma
Authors: Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Voormolen Eduard H. , Froelich Sébastien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCraniovertebral junction chordomas can represent a surgical challenge, especially when intradural extension and contact with neurovascular structures is involved. To date, there is still controversy on the choice of optimal surgical corridor for such lesions, with endoscopic endonasal, far lateral and anterolateral corridors being those most commonly used. In this operative video, we present a case of craniovertebral junction chordoma with significant bone destruction and intradural extension (Fig. 1). The tumor was safely removed using an anterolateral approach with transposition of the vertebral artery to gain access to the lateral craniovertebral junction. The endoscope is demonstrated to help with intradural tumor removal, providing a wide angle of view through a relatively narrow dural opening (Fig. 2). In this video, nuances of the anterolateral approach, chordoma removal strategies and closure technique are presented in detail. A gross total resection was achieved, and the postoperative course was uneventful. In summary, the anterolateral approach with endoscopic assistance can offer a safe and effective corridor for the surgical management of craniovertebral junction chordomas.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/pC0YxKgNoMY.
The obligatory fronting of the undergoer argument in the Mandarin Excessive serial verb construction
Authors: Fan Ying , Li Man 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the unmarked obligatory fronting of the undergoer argument in the Excessive serial verb construction (hereafter SVC) in Mandarin Chinese. Acknowledging the existing description of the semantic-syntactic characteristics of the Excessive SVC (see for example,Li 1994,Shen & Peng 2010,Zhang 2014,Fan 2017), we provide an explicit monoclausal account for the phenomenon of obligatory fronting of the undergoer argument, arguing that it directly correlates with the monoclausal structure. By doing so, we contrast our analysis with the existing analysis byFan (2017). Furthermore, we argue that despite the flexible ordering of the actor and the undergoer arguments at the similar surface forms of the Excessive SVC, they take different positions in expressions that are in different sequences. In this case, the undergoer argument is always the subject; the actor argument functions as an external topic when it occurs before the undergoer argument and it shows similarities to an inner topic when it occurs after the undergoer argument. Nevertheless, unlike with inner topics, the actor argument that occurs after the subject of the Excessive SVC is restricted to the actor/causer role.
Wannier90 as a community code: new features and applications
Authors: Pizzi Giovanni , Vitale Valerio , Arita Ryotaro , Blügel Stefan , Freimuth Frank , Géranton Guillaume , Gibertini Marco , Gresch Dominik , Johnson Charles , Koretsune Takashi , Ibañez-Azpiroz Julen , Lee Hyungjun , Lihm Jae-Mo , Marchand Daniel , Marrazzo Antimo , Mokrousov Yuriy , Mustafa Jamal I , Nohara Yoshiro , Nomura Yusuke , Paulatto Lorenzo , Poncé Samuel , Ponweiser Thomas , Qiao Junfeng , Thöle Florian , Tsirkin Stepan S , Wierzbowska Małgorzata , Marzari Nicola , Vanderbilt David , Souza Ivo , Mostofi Arash A , Yates Jonathan R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wannier90 is an open-source computer program for calculating maximally-localised Wannier functions (MLWFs) from a set of Bloch states. It is interfaced to many widely used electronic-structure codes thanks to its independence from the basis sets representing these Bloch states. In the past few years the development of Wannier90 has transitioned to a community-driven model; this has resulted in a number of new developments that have been recently released in Wannier90 v3.0. In this article we describe these new functionalities, that include the implementation of new features for wannierisation and disentanglement (symmetry-adapted Wannier functions, selectively-localised Wannier functions, selected columns of the density matrix) and the ability to calculate new properties (shift currents and Berry-curvature dipole, and a new interface to many-body perturbation theory); performance improvements, including parallelisation of the core code; enhancements in functionality (support for spinor-valued Wannier functions, more accurate methods to interpolate quantities in the Brillouin zone); improved usability (improved plotting routines, integration with high-throughput automation frameworks), as well as the implementation of modern software engineering practices (unit testing, continuous integration, and automatic source-code documentation). These new features, capabilities, and code development model aim to further sustain and expand the community uptake and range of applicability, that nowadays spans complex and accurate dielectric, electronic, magnetic, optical, topological and transport properties of materials.
Negative differential conductance in the electron-transport through copper-rich cuprous oxide thin films
Authors: Gloystein Alexander , Möller Christoph , Nilius Niklas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Copper deposition onto Cu2O thin films grown on Au(111) results in the formation of monolayer islands with hexagonal and rhombic shapes, as observed with scanning tunnelling microscopy. The differential conductance through the Cu islands is governed by distinct quantum well states (QWS), accompanied by pronounced electron standing wave patterns. Below the onset of the QWS, an extended region of negative differential conductance opens up, in which also the tunnelling current declines markedly with increasing bias voltage. The effect is assigned to the quantised electronic structure of the Cu islands in combination with the p-type conductance behaviour of the oxide film underneath. The latter promotes electron transport across the islands around the Fermi level, but leads to a closure of this transport channel at negative bias.
High-resolution hard-x-ray photoelectron diffraction in a momentum microscope—the model case of graphite
Authors: Fedchenko O , Winkelmann A , Medjanik K , Babenkov S , Vasilyev D , Chernov S , Schlueter C , Gloskovskii A , Matveyev Yu , Drube W , Schönhense B , Elmers H J , Schönhense G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hard x-ray photoelectron diffraction (hXPD) patterns recorded with a momentum microscope with high k-resolution (0.025 Å−1 equivalent to an angular resolution of 0.034° at 7 keV) reveal unprecedented rich fine structure. We have studied hXPD of the C 1s core level in the prototypical low-Z material Graphite at 20 photon energies between 2.8 and 7.3 keV. Sharp bright and dark lines shift with energy; regions of Kikuchi band crossings near zone axis exhibit a filigree structure which varies rapidly with energy. Calculations based on the Bloch wave approach to electron diffraction from lattice planes show excellent agreement with the experimental results throughout the entire energy range. The main Kikuchi bands in the [001] zone axis appear fixed on the momentum scale with a width of the corresponding reciprocal lattice vector, allowing to reconstruct the size of the projected Brillouin zone. The newly developed high-energy k-microscope allows full-field imaging of (k

x
, k

y
)-distributions in large k-fields (up to >22 Å−1 dia.) and time-of-flight energy recording.
Effect on the Earth system of realizing a 1.5 °C warming climate target after overshooting to the 2 °C level
Authors: Tachiiri Kaoru , Silva Herran Diego , Su Xuanming , Kawamiya Michio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An Earth system model (ESM) was used to investigate the effect of reaching the target of 1.5 °C warming (relative to preindustrial levels) after overshooting to the 2 °C level with respect to selected global environment indicators. Two scenarios were compared that diverged after reaching the 2 °C level: one stayed at the 2 °C level, and the other cooled to the 1.5 °C level. Unlike the internationally coordinated model intercomparison projects, the scenarios were developed for a specific climatic model with emissions and land use scenarios consistent with socioeconomic projections from an integrated assessment model. The ESM output resulted in delayed realization of the 1.5 °C and 2 °C targets expected for 2100. The cumulative CO2 emissions for 2010−2100 (2300) were 358 (−53) GtCO2 in the 2 °C scenario and −337 (−936) GtCO2 in the 1.5 °C scenario. We examined the effect of overshooting on commonly used indicators related to surface air temperature, sea surface temperature and total ocean heat uptake. Global vegetation productivity at 2100 showed around a 5% increase in the 2 °C scenario without overshooting compared with the 1.5 °C scenario with overshooting, considered to be caused by more precipitation and stronger CO2 fertilization. A considerable difference was found between the two scenarios in terms of Arctic sea ice, whereas both scenarios indicated few corals would survive past the 21st century. The difference in steric sea level rise, reflecting total cumulative ocean heat uptake, between the two scenarios was <2 cm in 2100, and around 9 cm in 2300 in the Pacific Island region. A large overshoot may reduce the eventual difference between targets (i.e. 1.5 °C in contrast to 2 °C), particularly in terms of the indicators related to total ocean heat uptake, and to sensitive biological thresholds.