bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring disjoint belief structures to the AGM framework
Authors: Aravanis Theofanis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The belief-structures model of Chopra and Parikh is perfectly suitable for representing the statics and dynamics of the beliefs of resource-bounded agents. Nevertheless, despite its favourable properties, it lies outside the AGM framework, the well-established paradigm for codifying rational belief revision of belief sets (i.e. logical theories), proposed by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson. This feature can be attributed to two primary reasons: firstly, a multivalued logic is utilized for evaluating queries relative to a belief structure, and secondly, the objects under revision in the context of the belief-structures model are belief structures, rather than belief sets. Against this background, we present, in this article, a natural approach for adapting the revision of belief structures to an AGM-style revision while retaining the favourable properties of the belief-structures model. Under certain realistic assumptions, including the mutual disjointness of sublanguages of belief structures, a collection of interesting properties of the proposed method are identified, by investigating the satisfiability and violation of principal postulates of the belief-revision theory. Overall, it is demonstrated that the introduced approach constitutes a meaningful relevance-sensitive tool for integrating disjoint belief structures within the AGM framework, with potential applications in emerging fields such as digital twins, where precise and dynamic belief changes are essential for maintaining accurate simulations of real-world systems.
The kinematics of massive high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies
Authors: Amvrosiadis A , Wardlow J L , Birkin J E , Smail I , Swinbank A M , Nightingale J , Bertoldi F , Brandt W N , Casey C M , Chapman S C , Chen C -C , Cox P , da Cunha E , Dannerbauer H , Dudzevičiūtė U , Gullberg B , Hodge J A , Knudsen K K , Menten K , Walter F , van der Werf P 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a new method for modelling the kinematics of galaxies from interferometric observations by performing the optimization of the kinematic model parameters directly in visibility space instead of the conventional approach of fitting velocity fields produced with the clean algorithm in real-space. We demonstrate our method on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of $^{12}$CO (2–1), (3–2), or (4–3) emission lines from an initial sample of 30 massive 850 $\mu$m-selected dusty star-forming galaxies with far-infrared luminosities $\gtrsim$$\, 10^{12}$ L$_{\odot }$ in the redshift range $z \sim$ 1.2–4.7. Using the results from our modelling analysis for the 12 of the 20 sources with the highest signal-to-noise emission lines that show disc-like kinematics, we conclude the following: (i) our sample prefers a CO-to-$H_2$ conversion factor, of $\alpha _{\rm CO} = 0.74 \pm 0.37$; (ii) these far-infrared luminous galaxies follow a similar Tully–Fisher relation between the circular velocity, $V_{\rm circ}$, and baryonic mass, $M_{\rm b}$, as less strongly star-forming samples at high redshift, but extend this relation to much higher masses – showing that these are some of the most massive disc-like galaxies in the Universe; (iii) finally, we demonstrate support for an evolutionary link between massive high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies and the formation of local early-type galaxies using the both the distributions of the baryonic and kinematic masses of these two populations on the $M_{\rm b}$ – $\sigma$ plane and their relative space densities.
IgG4-related disease with epithelioid granulomas: A case and a review of the literature
Authors: Kachi Shion , Oka Hideki , Sumitomo Shuji , Hara Shigeo , Ohmura Koichiro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic, immune-mediated, fibroinflammatory disorder that affects multiple organs. Histopathologically, the supportive findings of IgG4-RD include dense lymphocytic infiltrates, obliterative phlebitis, storiform fibrosis, and elevated numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells. However, the presence of granulomatous inflammation is generally considered highly atypical, suggesting alternative diagnoses such as sarcoidosis and lymphoma. Here, we present a case of IgG4-RD involving granulomatous lymphadenopathy. Labial salivary gland biopsy findings were consistent with IgG4-related sialadenitis. Elevated serum IgG4 levels, hypocomplementemia, and abnormal imaging findings in the kidneys and pancreas indicated an association with IgG4-RD. The patient was treated with prednisolone, which resulted in a significant improvement in the serum IgG4 and complement levels and a notable reduction in lymph node swelling. Although granulomatous inflammation is rare, integrating clinical, serological, radiological, and pathological parameters can ensure an accurate assessment within the appropriate clinicopathological context.
Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma cells in co-culture with cerebellar organoids converge towards in vivo malignant cell states
Authors: van Essen Max J , Nicheperovich Alina , Schuster-Böckler Benjamin , Becker Esther B E , Jacob John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
In the malignant brain tumor sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma (SHH-MB) the properties of cancer cells are influenced by their microenvironment, but the nature of those effects and the phenotypic consequences for the tumor are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the phenotypic properties of SHH-MB cells that were driven by the nonmalignant tumor microenvironment.

Methods
Human induced pluripotent cells (iPSC) were differentiated to cerebellar organoids to simulate the nonmaliganant tumor microenvironment. Tumor spheroids were generated from 2 distinct, long-established SHH-MB cell lines which were co-cultured with cerebellar organoids. We profiled the cellular transcriptomes of malignant and nonmalignant cells by performing droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The transcriptional profiles of tumor cells in co-culture were compared with those of malignant cell monocultures and with public SHH-MB datasets of patient tumors and patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDX) mouse models.

Results
SHH-MB cell lines in organoid co-culture adopted patient tumor-associated phenotypes and showed increased heterogeneity compared to monocultures. Subpopulations of co-cultured SHH-MB cells activated a key marker of differentiating granule cells, NEUROD1 that was not observed in tumor monocultures. Other subpopulations expressed transcriptional determinants consistent with a cancer stem cell-like state that resembled cell states identified in vivo.

Conclusions
For SHH-MB cell lines in co-culture, there was a convergence of malignant cell states towards patterns of heterogeneity in patient tumors and PDX models implying these states were non-cell autonomously induced by the microenvironment. Therefore, we have generated an advanced, novel in vitro model of SHH-MB with potential translational applications.
Un guide pour la prise en charge communautaire des troubles des conduites alimentaires en pédiatrie
Authors: Coret Marian , Vyver Ellie , Harrison Megan , Toulany Alene , Vandermorris Ashley , Agostino Holly 
Published: December 2024

Résumé
Les troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) désignent un groupe de maladies graves au potentiel mortel qui se déclarent généralement pendant l’adolescence et peuvent être associés à de graves complications médicales et psychosociales. Ils peuvent avoir d’importantes répercussions sur les proches et les autres membres de la famille. Les professionnels de la santé jouent un rôle important pour les dépister et les prendre en charge chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes. Le présent document de principes aide les professionnels de la santé en milieu communautaire à dépister, diagnostiquer et traiter les TCA dans la population pédiatrique. Les modalités de dépistage, les indications d’hospitalisation, les complications médicales et la surveillance des jeunes ayant un TCA sont résumées. Les données probantes à jour appuient le recours au traitement familial comme modalité thérapeutique psychologique de première ligne auprès des adolescents ayant un TCA restrictif. Les traitements familiaux dépassent peut-être la portée de pratique de certains médecins en milieu communautaire, mais le présent document de principes en examine les éléments fondamentaux. Au diagnostic d’un TCA, les professionnels de la santé qui mettent rapidement ces éléments à exécution en milieu communautaire peuvent ralentir l’évolution de la maladie et donner des conseils aux familles.
Diagnosis and management of congenital syphilis: Avoiding missed opportunities
Authors: Fanella Sergio , Bitnun Ari , Barton Michelle , Sauvé Laura 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Congenital syphilis can result in pregnancy loss and substantial morbidity in newborns. The current epidemic of congenital syphilis in Canada (especially Western Canada) is a preventable public health emergency. Rates indicate a lack of control of syphilis within the community and insufficient public health resources to prevent spread that predate the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk factors include lack of prenatal care, methamphetamine and other substance use, and unstable housing. The cornerstone of prevention is identification, treatment, and follow-up during pregnancy, including of partners. Clinicians caring for newborns need to consider aspects of maternal treatment, reinfection risk, the results of paired maternal and infant syphilis serology, and infant clinical assessment. A complete risk assessment will guide effective management and follow-up of infants exposed in utero to syphilis.
The 2024 revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: a modern ethical framework for medical research
Authors: Wen Boyuan , Zhang Guochao , Zhan Chang , Chen Chen , Yi Hang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Declaration of Helsinki, established in 1964, remains a foundational document in medical research ethics. This review examines the 2024 revision, endorsed by the 75th World Medical Association (WMA) Assembly, highlighting its impact on modern clinical research. Major updates include the shift from “subjects” to “participants,” promoting autonomy and active involvement, and the introduction of dual ethical review requirements for cross-border studies to strengthen accountability. New guidelines for data privacy address AI–related ethical concerns, while enhanced community engagement fosters transparency and shared decision-making. Additionally, standards for environmental sustainability encourage research practices that minimize ecological impacts. In response to global health crises such as COVID-19, the revised Declaration sets forth ethical protections to balance participant safety with research urgency during emergencies. Despite these advances, areas for improvement remain, especially in AI ethics, emergency research protocols, and the extension the Declaration's scope to include forensic and specimen research. The 2024 revision thus strengthens the Declaration's role as an adaptive, relevant framework for safeguarding participant rights and research integrity in a changing landscape.
Who's That Knocking? A Study of the Strategic Choices Facing Large-Scale Grassroots Canvassing Efforts
Authors: Ferguson Grant L , Gimpel James G , Owens Mark E , Shaw Daron R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although recent political science research has established that face-to-face contacting mobilizes eligible citizens to vote, the emphasis on field experiments to facilitate causal inference has occasionally come at the expense of a deeper knowledge of how campaigns develop and implement canvassing and get-out-the-vote (GOTV) programs. We rely on a case study from a major statewide campaign in Texas to identify and explore the strategic considerations leading to the deployment of a large-scale paid field operation. Among the campaign management challenges in carrying out a statewide canvassing effort, we address the recruitment, retention, and supervision of canvassers; the choice of target neighborhoods and voters; the variable response of voters at the doorstep; setting and reaching performance goals; the timing of contacts; detailed recordkeeping; and the turnout results. In detailing this effort, we draw upon insights from interviews with staffers, field observations, and the campaign's detailed data on response at the doorstep for a target list of 2.5 million voters. In the end, we find that strategic decisions are myriad and complex, and that they almost certainly condition the impact of canvassing and GOTV operations.
Wind tunnel experimental investigation on the performance of the ice-melting system for high-speed train bogies
Authors: Zhao Changlong , Wang Tiantian , Zhou Guo , Wang Yu , Feng Yonghua , Jiang Chen , Song Zhiyang , Li Hengkui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In strong wind-snow environments, the icing phenomenon in the bogie region can adversely affect the operational safety of high-speed trains. This study aims to design an ice-melting system that applies to high-speed train bogies and to investigate its de-icing performance. The icing experiments with a scaled real bogie were first conducted in the Icing and Snowing Wind Tunnel at Central South University to obtain the icing distribution and thickness characteristics in the bogie region. Based on the results of icing experiments, a heating ice-melting system was designed, and the flat plate ice-melting experiments with different ice thicknesses were further carried out. The influence of ice-melting power, ice thickness, and the angle between the ice layer and the incoming flow on ice-melting characteristics were comprehensively analyzed. Findings indicated that ice-melting power and ice thickness were negatively and positively correlated with ice-melting time, respectively. As the angle between the ice layer and the incoming flow increases, the ice-melting time increases first and then decreases. Additionally, considering ice-melting energy consumption, lower ice-melting power results in reduced energy consumption for the same ice thickness and inclination angle. The ice-melting characteristics obtained in this study can provide valuable information and insights for the design of bogie ice-melting schemes and ice-melting energy saving for high-speed trains operating in cold regions.
Hidden species’ diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the terrestrial isopod genus Tiroloscia (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea)
Authors: Gardini Pietro , Sabatelli Simone , Taiti Stefano , Audisio Paolo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Defining species boundaries may result challenging and has been a widely debated issue in the last decades. In cases of cryptic or “pseudocryptic” species, molecular approaches can be a valuable tool to provide taxonomic hypotheses and significantly complement morphological taxonomy. Here, two mitochondrial and one nuclear markers were used to study the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Tiroloscia, paying particular attention to Tiroloscia exigua. Moreover, we used a molecular clock to define a time window for the diversification of the main lineages within the species and explore aspects of its evolutionary history. Finally, four species delimitation methods were applied to clarify taxonomy and validate species boundaries. We found strong evidence against the monophyly of Tiroloscia and a surprisingly high level of genetic diversity within Tiroloscia exigua, supported by morphology. Notably, five evolutionary lineages were identified within T. exigua, suggesting the presence of distinct taxonomic entities. Divergence time estimation places the onset of T. exigua diversification around the middle Miocene (~12.2 Mya). Based on phylogenetic and morphological results, we propose the resurrection of Tiroloscia squamuligera as a valid species. Our results underscore the importance of molecular approaches to uncover hidden diversity, particularly in terrestrial isopods which may hide still underestimated biodiversity.
The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in thoracic anesthesia
Authors: Tschernko Edda , Geilen Johannes , Wasserscheid Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
Circulatory and respiratory support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has gained widespread acceptance during high-end thoracic surgery. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge and give an outlook for future developments.

Recent findings
A personalized approach of ECMO use is state of the art for monitoring during surgery. Personalization is increasingly applied during anesthesia for high-end surgery nowadays. This is reflected in the point of care testing (POCT) for anticoagulation and cardiac function during surgery on ECMO combining specific patient data into tailored algorithms. For optimizing protective ventilation MP (mechanical power) is a promising parameter for the future. These personalized methods incorporating numerous patient data are promising for the improvement of morbidity and mortality in high-end thoracic surgery. However, clinical data supporting improvement are not available to date but can be awaited in the future.

Summary
Clinical practice during surgery on ECMO is increasingly personalized. The effect of personalization on morbidity and mortality must be examined in the future. Undoubtedly, an increase in knowledge can be expected from this trend towards personalization.
Preventing, identifying and managing myocardial injury after non cardiac surgery – a narrative review
Authors: Wittmann Maria , Dinc Tugce , Kunsorg Andrea , Marcucci Maura , Ruetzler Kurt 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
There is mounting and convincing evidence that patients with postoperative troponin elevation, with or without any clinical symptoms, are at higher risk for both, short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is a relatively newly described syndrome, and the pathogenesis is not fully understood yet. MINS is now an established syndrome and multiple guidelines address potential etiologies, triggers, as well as preventive and management strategies.

Recent findings
Surveillance in high-risk patients is required, as most MINS would otherwise be missed. There is no reliable and established preventive strategy, but several potentially avoidable triggers like hypotension, pain and anemia have been identified. Managing patients with MINS postoperatively includes minimizing triggers (such as hemodynamic abnormalities and anemia) that can continue the damage. Long-term pharmacologic strategies include beta-blockers, statins, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulation.

Summary
MINS affects up to 20% of surgical patients, remains clinically mostly silent, but is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. A multidisciplinary approach, that includes involvement of anesthesiologists, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of MINS is recommended.
Establishment of a Rabbit Model of Rib Tethering-induced Early-onset Scoliosis
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Wang Dongmin , Zhang Guangzhi , He Xuegang , Wang Kun , Ma Bing , Yang Yong , Kang Xuewen 
Published: December 2024

Study Design.
Experimental study.

Objective.
To create an early-onset scoliosis (EOS) rabbit model and use a design-based stereological method to quantitatively assess lung structure changes at 24 weeks of age.

Summary of Background Data.
Scoliosis affects thoracic and lung development, impacting children’s chest and lung growth.

Materials and Methods.
EOS was induced via rib tethering in 4-week-old rabbits with ongoing CT scans and weight measures. Lungs were extracted postfixation for volume estimation and tissue sampling, followed by microscopic analysis of lung morphology.

Results.
The mean Cobb angle increased with the rabbits’ growth. The EOS group showed significant decreases in total and right lung volumes. Quantitative lung stereology revealed reduced volumes of lung parenchyma and nonparenchymal tissue in all lobes. Alveolar duct volumes decreased significantly in multiple lobes, and alveolar septal volume was notably reduced in the right upper, middle, and lower lobes. The alveolar septal area decreased, and septal thickness increased in the EOS group. Alveoli numbers dropped, with variable changes in mean alveolar volume across lobes. Vascular lumen volume decreased in the right middle and lower lobes, and blood vessel and perivascular tissue volumes were significantly reduced in the right lung. Vessel diameter changes varied across lobes, with significant decreases in the right middle and lower lobes and increases in the left upper and lower lobes. Vascular endothelial surface area decreased in the left lower, right middle, and right lower lobes, with increased vessel and perivascular tissue thickness in the left upper and lower lobes compared with the right lobes.

Conclusion.
The EOS rabbit model demonstrated reduced lung volume, impaired alveolarization, septal thickening, and vascular changes, indicating scoliosis’s negative impact on thoracic and lung development, especially on the concave lung.
mRNA vaccines as cancer therapies
Authors: Huang Shaoxiong , Que Haiying , Wang Manni , Wei Xiawei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy often hindered by significant side effects, lack of specificity, and limited efficacy in advanced cases. Among emerging therapeutic strategies, mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable potential due to their adaptability, rapid production, and capability for personalized cancer treatment. This review provides an in-depth analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines as a therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their molecular biology, classification, mechanisms, and clinical studies. Derived from reported literature and data on clinicaltrials.gov, it examines studies on mRNA vaccines encoding tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), immunomodulators, and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) across various cancer types. The review highlights the ability of mRNA vaccines to encode TSAs and TAAs, enabling personalized cancer treatments, and classifies these vaccines into non-replicating and self-amplifying types. It further explores their mechanisms of action, including antigen presentation and immune activation, while emphasizing findings from clinical studies that demonstrate the potential of mRNA vaccines in cancer therapy. Despite their promise, challenges remain in enhancing delivery systems, improving immunogenicity, and addressing tumor heterogeneity. Overcoming these obstacles will require further investigation to fully harness the potential of mRNA vaccines in personalized cancer treatment.