bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Study of Force Measurement for Multi-digit Unconstrained Grasping via Fingernail Imaging and Visual Servoing
Authors: Fallahinia Navid , Mascaro Stephen A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A fingernail imaging has been shown to be effective in estimating the finger pad forces along all three directions simultaneously in previous works. However, this method has never been used for the purpose of force measurement during a grasping task with multiple fingers. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the grasp force-sensing capabilities of the fingernail imaging method integrated with a visual servoing robotic system. In this study, the fingernail imaging method has been used in both constrained and unconstrained multi-digit grasping studies. Visual servoing has been employed to solve the issue of keeping fingernail images in the field of view of the camera during grasping motions. Two grasping experiments have been designed and conducted to show the performance and accuracy of the fingernail imaging method to be used in grasping studies. The maximum value of root-mean-square (RMS) errors for estimated normal and shear forces during constrained grasping has been found to be 0.58 N (5.7%) and 0.49 N (9.2%), respectively. Moreover, a visual servoing system implemented on a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robot has been devised to ensure that all of the fingers remain in the camera frame at all times. Comparing unconstrained and constrained forces has shown that force collaboration among fingers could change based on the grasping condition.
Half a million years of magmatic history recorded in a K-feldspar megacryst of the Tuolumne Intrusive Complex, California, USA
Authors: Chambers Melissa , Memeti Valbone , Eddy Michael P. , Schoene Blair 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
K-feldspars reach megacrystic size (&gt;3 cm) relative to their groundmass in many granitoid plutons and some volcanic rocks. However, the nature of the growth environment and the time scales for megacrystic growth remain poorly constrained. Chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry with trace-element analysis (CA-ID-TIMS-TEA) U-Pb geochronology was carried out on zircon inclusions from the core and rim of one K-feldspar megacryst sampled from the interior of the Tuolumne Intrusive Complex (TIC), California, USA. Combined with new zircon ages from the groundmass, these data can test if K-feldspar megacrysts are igneous and capable of recycling and transport in the magmatic system or whether they formed by textural coarsening in low-melt-fraction or subsolidus conditions. The zircon ages reveal that the megacryst core is 0.5 m.y. older than the rim, which itself is older than the groundmass. Core ages match zircon dates from the TIC’s porphyritic Half Dome unit, and rim and groundmass ages overlap with the younger Cathedral Peak unit. Trace elements of the zircons from the megacryst core and rim are similar and less evolved than the groundmass zircons. The core-to-rim age progression of zircon inclusions is inconsistent with subsolidus K-feldspar coarsening, but instead indicates that megacrysts in the TIC grew in an igneous environment over at least 0.5 m.y., and that growth likely occurred spanning two or more intrusive episodes. This supports models of an increasingly maturing magmatic system, where crystal recycling from older into younger magma batches is common.
Water loss during dynamic recrystallization of Moine thrust quartzites, northwest Scotland
Authors: Kronenberg Andreas K. , Ashley Kyle T. , Francsis Matthew K. , Holyoke III Caleb W. , Jezek Lynna , Kronenberg Johannes A. , Law Richard D. , Thomas Jay B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInfrared absorption measurements of molecular water in sheared Cambrian quartzites in the footwall to the Moine thrust reveal a decrease in water content from 4080 to 1570 ppm with increasing recrystallization traced toward the overlying thrust at the Stack of Glencoul in northwest Scotland. These results are contrary to the expected correlation between shear strain and water content for quartz deformed by dislocation creep and water-weakening processes. The observed inverse correlation indicates that fluid inclusions and hydrous defects within grains were lost by mobile grain boundary sweeping and grain boundary diffusion. Although reduced water contents might lead to hardening as chemical weakening is diminished, quartz mylonites in the immediate footwall (5 mm) to the thrust are characterized by intense strain localization and contain the least water, and there is little evidence of shear zone widening. Water weakening appears to have been important throughout the quartz mylonites, controlled by the presence of water, not by water concentration. Fluids present within relict inclusions and at grain boundaries may have governed the high water fugacities critical for water weakening.
Archean, highly unradiogenic lead in shallow cratonic mantle
Authors: Zhang Jun-Bo , Liu Yong-Sheng , Ducea Mihai N. , Xu Rong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Here, we present coupled geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-S isotopic data of Early Cretaceous primitive gabbros from the North China craton. Strikingly, these rocks have highly unradiogenic lead compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 16.58 ± 0.24) and anchor one extreme end member (low 206Pb/204Pb and 143Nd/144Nd) in the global array of oceanic-island volcanics. Our study shows that they originated from an Archean fluid-metasomatized refractory peridotite source, in which highly unradiogenic lead was preferentially released with subducted Archean seawater and sequestered into recrystallized sulfides at shallow mantle depths. Sulfide/silicate partition coefficients for lead show a negative pressure dependence: Lead is more enriched in sulfide with decreasing pressure. Sulfide-bearing and iron-poor harzburgite as well as dunite residues at shallow mantle are expected to develop low U/Pb (and thereby low time-integrated 206Pb/204Pb) relative to a deeper upper-mantle source. Our preferred interpretation is that an Archean, highly unradiogenic lead reservoir may be stored in the spinel-facies refractory cratonic mantle.
Stress variations in space and time within the mantle section of an oceanic transform zone: Evidence for the seismic cycle
Authors: Chatzaras Vasileios , Tikoff Basil , Kruckenberg Seth C. , Titus Sarah J. , Teyssier Christian , Drury Martyn R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Bogota Peninsula shear zone in New Caledonia (southwest Pacific Ocean) is the exhumed mantle section of an oceanic transform zone. Ductile fabrics in this zone formed at temperatures &gt;820 °C, and differential stresses estimated from microstructures vary spatially and temporally. Along a transform-perpendicular transect, stresses increase toward the high-strain areas. We attribute this stress gradient to an increase in strain rate caused by imposed rather than intrinsic strain localization. Temporal stress variations are indicated by the formation of fine-grained microdeformation zones (MDZs) that truncate and offset coarser grains. We interpret the MDZs to result from zones of brittle deformation caused by earthquake fracture propagation downward in the upper mantle, which are in turn overprinted by ductile deformation at stresses 2–6 times higher (22–81 MPa) than their surrounding steady-state fabrics. We interpret the spatial and temporal variations in microstructures and stresses as reflecting different stages of the seismic cycle in oceanic lithosphere.
Is the upward release of intermediate ocean heat content a possible engine for low-latitude processes?
Authors: Yang Yiping , Xiang Rong , Zhang Lanlan , Zhong Fuchang , Zhang Miming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ocean heat content (OHC) plays an important role in controlling changes in Earth’s climate. However, relatively little research has been conducted into changes in OHC over a millennial scale, or into the mechanisms that control OHC migration in the ocean’s interior. This paucity of research is largely due to the lack of subsurface proxy records. Here, we analyzed planktonic Mg/Ca and δ18O records from species with different calcification depths to reconstruct the thermal structure of the water column and upper OHC changes since 21 kyr B.P. in the South China Sea. The results revealed that temperatures at intermediate and lower thermocline depths were warm during the last the deglaciation and became cool during the Holocene. The water cooling at ∼700 m began at 14.3 kyr B.P., but was delayed until 12.9 kyr B.P. at ∼325 m, and until 9.2 kyr B.P. at ∼250 m. In addition, upper thermocline temperatures at ∼100 m also started to decline at ca. 7.3 kyr B.P. Simultaneously, intermediate and thermocline OHC values were high during the last deglaciation, but surface OHC was low. We infer, therefore, that more heat was stored at intermediate depths during the last deglaciation, and that the upward release of the intermediate OHC resulted in the sequential delays in the cooling of intermediate to upper thermocline water. By combining these results with tropical Pacific records, we also hypothesize that the release of deeper OHC was perhaps the heat source for low-latitude processes during the Holocene.
Mineralogical constraints on Neoproterozoic pCO2 and marine carbonate chemistry
Authors: Strauss Justin V. , Tosca Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Numerous investigators have sought to identify the perturbations to the global carbon cycle that fueled Earth system change during the Neoproterozoic Era. Nevertheless, a lack of constraints on ocean-atmosphere carbon chemistry has precluded efforts to link biology, climate, and the lithosphere. We combined field and petrographic observations with experimental and theoretical geochemistry to show that early Neoproterozoic seawater featured elevated alkalinity in the presence of high atmospheric pCO2, which sustained remarkable marine CaCO3 supersaturation (Ωcalcite). Without pelagic calcification, Neoproterozoic marine Ωcalcite and pCO2 would have been mediated principally by CaCO3 precipitation kinetics; thus, secular changes in kinetic inhibitors to CaCO3 nucleation may have destabilized the global carbon cycle.
Impact of comorbidities on anti-TNFα response and relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the VERNE study
Authors: Marin-Jimenez Ignacio , Bastida Guillermo , Forés Ana , Garcia-Planella Esther , Argüelles-Arias Federico , Sarasa Pilar , Tagarro Ignacio , Fernández-Nistal Alonso , Montoto Carmen , Aguas Mariam , Santos-Fernández Javier , Bosca-Watts Marta Maia , Ferreiro Rocio , Merino Olga , Aldeguer Xavier , Cortés Xavier , Sicilia Beatriz , Mesonero Francisco , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of comorbidities and extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease on the response of patients with inflammatory bowel disease to antitumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) therapy.DesignData from 310 patients (194 with Crohn’s disease and 116 with ulcerative colitis) treated consecutively with the first anti-TNFα in 24 Spanish hospitals were retrospectively analysed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between inflammatory bowel disease comorbidities and extraintestinal manifestations with anti-TNFα treatment outcomes. Key clinical features, such as type of inflammatory bowel disease and concomitant treatments, were included as fixed factors in the model.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analyses (OR, 95% CI) showed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.67, 1.33 to 5.35) and hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases (1.87, 1.48 to 2.36) were significantly associated with primary non-response to anti-TNFα, as was the use of corticosteroids and the type of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis vs Crohn’s disease). It was also found that myocardial infarction (3.30, 1.48 to 7.35) and skin disease (2.73, 1.42 to 5.25) were significantly associated with loss of response, along with the use of corticosteroids and the type of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis vs Crohn’s disease).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the presence of some comorbidities in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and myocardial infarction, and of certain extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, such as hepato-pancreato-biliary conditions and skin diseases, appear to be related to failure to anti-TNFα treatment. Therefore, their presence should be considered when choosing a treatment.Trial registration numberNCT02861118.
Deep learning in gastric tissue diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Gonçalves Wanderson Gonçalves e , Santos Marcelo Henrique de Paula dos , Lobato Fábio Manoel França , Ribeiro-dos-Santos Ândrea , Araújo Gilderlanio Santana de 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundIn recent years, deep learning has gained remarkable attention in medical image analysis due to its capacity to provide results comparable to specialists and, in some cases, surpass them. Despite the emergence of deep learning research on gastric tissues diseases, few intensive reviews are addressing this topic.MethodWe performed a systematic review related to applications of deep learning in gastric tissue disease analysis by digital histology, endoscopy and radiology images.ConclusionsThis review highlighted the high potential and shortcomings in deep learning research studies applied to gastric cancer, ulcer, gastritis and non-malignant diseases. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of gastric tissue analysis by deep learning applications. Moreover, we also identified gaps of evaluation metrics, and image collection availability, therefore, impacting experimental reproducibility.
Integrating a diet quality screener into a cardiology practice: assessment of nutrition counseling, cardiometabolic risk factors and patient/provider satisfaction
Authors: Beasley Jeannette , Sardina Paloma , Johnston Emily , Ganguzza Lisa , Padikkala Jane , Bagheri Ashley , Jones Simon , Gianos Eugenia 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveWe assessed factors related to the integration of an office-based diet quality screener: nutrition counselling, cardiometabolic risk factors and patient/physician satisfaction.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of a 10-item diet quality measure (self-rated diet quality question and a 9-item Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS)) prior to the cardiology visit on assessment of nutrition counselling, cardiometabolic risk factors and patient/provider satisfaction. Study staff trained the nine participating physicians on the purpose and use of the screener. To assess physician uptake of the diet quality screener, we reviewed all charts having a documented dietitian referral or visit and a 20% random sample of remaining participants that completed the screener at least once to determine the proportion of notes that referenced the diet quality screener and documented specific counselling based on the screener.ResultsBetween December 2017 and August 2018, 865 patients completed the diet quality screener. Mean age was 59 (SD 16) years, 54% were male and mean body mass index was 27.4 (SD 6.0) kg/m2. Almost one-fifth (18.5%) of participants rated their diet as fair or poor, and mean MDS (range 0–9) was moderate (mean 5.6±1.8 SD). Physicians referred 22 patients (2.5%) to a dietitian.ConclusionIntegrating the screener into the electronic health record did not increase dietitian referrals, and improvements in screener scores were modest among the subset of patients completing multiple screeners. Future work could develop best practices for physicians in using diet quality screeners to allow for some degree of standardisation of nutrition referral and counselling received by the patients.
Communication quality in telephone triage conducted by general practitioners, nurses or physicians: a quasi-experimental study using the AQTT to assess audio-recorded telephone calls to out-of-hours primary care in Denmark
Authors: Graversen Dennis Schou , Huibers Linda , Christensen Morten Bondo , Bro Flemming , Collatz Christensen Helle , Vestergaard Claus Høstrup , Pedersen Anette Fischer 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the quality of communication in out-of-hours (OOH) telephone triage conducted by general practitioners (GPs), nurses using a computerised decision support system and physicians with different medical specialities, and to explore the association between communication quality and efficiency, length of call and the accuracy of telephone triage.DesignNatural quasi-experimental cross-sectional study.SettingTwo Danish OOH services using different telephone triage models: a GP cooperative and the medical helpline 1813.Participants1294 audio-recorded randomly selected OOH telephone triage calls from 2016 conducted by GPs (n=423), nurses using CDSS (n=430) and physicians with different medical specialities (n=441).Main outcome measuresTwenty-four physicians assessed the calls. The panel used a validated assessment tool (Assessment of Quality in Telephone Triage, AQTT) to measure nine aspects of communication, overall perceived communication quality, efficiency and length of call.ResultsThe risk ofpoorquality was significantly higher in calls triaged by GPs compared with calls triaged by nurses regarding ‘allowing the caller to describe the situation’ (GP: 13.5% nurse: 9.8%), ‘mastering questioning techniques’ (GP: 27.4% nurse: 21.1%), ‘summarising’ (GP: 33.0% nurse: 21.0%) and ‘paying attention to caller’s experience’ (GP: 25.7% nurse: 17.0%). The risk ofpoorquality was significantly higher in calls triaged by physicians compared with calls triaged by GPs in five out of nine items. GP calls were significantly shorter (2 min 57 s) than nurse calls (4 min 44 s) and physician calls (4 min 1 s). Undertriaged calls were rated lower than optimally triaged calls for overall quality of communication (p<0.001) and all specific items.ConclusionsCompared with telephone triage by GPs, the communication quality was higher in calls triaged by nurses and lower in calls triaged by physicians with different medical specialities. However, calls triaged by nurses and physicians were longer and perceived less efficient. Quality of communication was associated with accurate triage.
Protocol for a cross-sectional study measuring person-centredness among healthcare providers in Malaysian primary care clinics: the adaptation and validation of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S) Questionnaire
Authors: Balqis-Ali Nur Zahirah , Saw Pui San , Jailani Anis Syakira , Yeoh Tze Wei , Fun Weng Hong , Mohd-Salleh Noridah , Tengku Bahanuddin Tengku Putri Zaharah , Medan Catherine Anak , Lee Shaun Wen Huey , Sararaks Sondi 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionPerson-centred care (PCC) has become a global movement in healthcare. Despite this, the level of PCC is not routinely assessed in clinical practice. This protocol describes the adaptation and validation of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S) tool that will be used to assess person-centred practices of primary healthcare providers in Malaysia.Methods and analysisTo ensure conceptual and item equivalence, the original version of the PCPI-S will be reviewed and adapted for cultural context by an expert committee. The instrument will subsequently be translated into Malay language using the forward-backward translation method by two independent bilingual speaking individuals. This will be pretested in four primary care clinics and refined accordingly. The instrument will be assessed for its psychometric properties, such as test-retest reliability, construct and internal validity, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.Ethics and disseminationStudy findings will be disseminated to healthcare professionals and academicians in the field through publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations, as well as at managerial clinic sites for practice improvement. The study was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia (KKM/NIHSEC/ P18-766 (14) and Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (2018-14363-19627).
Physician-level variation in clinical outcomes and resource use in inpatient general internal medicine: an observational study
Authors: Verma Amol A , Guo Yishan , Jung Hae Young , Laupacis Andreas , Mamdani Muhammad , Detsky Allan S , Weinerman Adina , Tang Terence , Rawal Shail , Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Kwan Janice L , Razak Fahad 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundVariations in inpatient medical care are typically attributed to system, hospital or patient factors. Little is known about variations at the physician level within hospitals. We described the physician-level variation in clinical outcomes and resource use in general internal medicine (GIM).MethodsThis was an observational study of all emergency admissions to GIM at seven hospitals in Ontario, Canada, over a 5-year period between 2010 and 2015. Physician-level variations in inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay, 30-day readmission and use of ‘advanced imaging’ (CT, MRI or ultrasound scans) were measured. Physicians were categorised into quartiles within each hospital for each outcome and then quartiles were pooled across all hospitals (eg, physicians in the highest quartile at each hospital were grouped together). We report absolute differences between physicians in the highest and lowest quartiles after matching admissions based on propensity scores to account for patient-level variation.ResultsThe sample included 103 085 admissions to 135 attending physicians. After propensity score matching, the difference between physicians in the highest and lowest quartiles for in-hospital mortality was 2.4% (95% CI 0.6% to 4.3%, p<0.01); for readmission was 3.3% (95% CI 0.7% to 5.9%, p<0.01); for advanced imaging was 0.32 tests per admission (95% CI 0.12 to 0.52, p<0.01); and for hospital length of stay was 1.2 additional days per admission (95% CI 0.5 to 1.9, p<0.01). Physician-level differences in length of stay and imaging use were consistent across numerous sensitivity analyses and stable over time. Differences in mortality and readmission were consistent across most sensitivity analyses but were not stable over time and estimates were limited by sample size.ConclusionsPatient outcomes and resource use in inpatient medical care varied substantially across physicians in this study. Physician-level variations in length of stay and imaging use were unlikely to be explained by patient factors whereas differences in mortality and readmission should be interpreted with caution and could be explained by unmeasured confounders. Physician-level variations may represent practice differences that highlight quality improvement opportunities.