bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Properties of Battery Materials Elucidated Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: The Case of Type I Silicon Clathrate
Authors: Tarnev Tsvetan , Wilde Patrick , Dopilka Andrew , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Chan Candace K. , Ventosa Edgar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSilicon clathrates have attracted interest as potential anodes for lithium‐ion batteries with unique framework structures. However, very little is known about the surface reactivity and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) properties of clathrates. In this study, operando scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used to investigate the effect of pre‐treatment on the formation dynamics and intrinsic properties of the SEI in electrodes prepared from type I Ba8Al16Si30 silicon clathrates. Although X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis does not reveal large changes in SEI composition, it is found through SECM measurements that ball‐milling combined with chemical acid/base etching of the clathrates lead to a more stable and rapidly formed SEI as compared to purely ball‐milled samples, resulting in enhanced coulombic efficiency.
Modified toothpaste application using prepared toothpaste delivering technique increases interproximal fluoride toothpaste delivery
Authors: Satou Ryouichi , Suzuki Seitaro , Takayanagi Atsushi , Yamagishi Atsushi , Sugihara Naoki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe devised a “prepared toothpaste delivering technique” (PTD technique), a modified the application of toothpaste method for using fluoride toothpaste more effectively. This study aimed to investigate the change in viscosity and fluoride intake into hydroxyapatite of a toothpaste, and deliverability of fluoride toothpaste to the interproximal site with the PTD technique using an interproximal model.MethodsEight toothpaste samples were prepared at the following concentrations: ×1.00, ×1.25, ×1.50, ×1.75, ×2.00, ×3.00, ×4.00, and ×5.00. Viscosity of the toothpaste was measured by a Type‐B viscometer. Dissolution rate of toothpaste and fluoride uptake into the hydroxy apatite pellet were analyzed by a fluoride selective electrode. Application paste volume and delivery rate was measured using interproximal model and image analysis software during using a finger brush front (FBF), finger brush back (FBB), and toothbrush.ResultsAs the dilution ratio increased, the viscosity of the toothpaste decreased sharply, F uptake decreased, and dissolution rate increased. F uptake was significantly reduced when the toothpaste was diluted more than 1.75 times. Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of the fluoride toothpaste, it is important to deliver the toothpaste to interproximal areas and pit clefts at low dilution. It was observed that PTD technique can be effectively implemented by the finger brush.ConclusionsThe use of a FBF surface in the analysis of an acrylic interproximal model could aid in applying pressure while blocking the space of the groove and preventing outflow of the toothpaste. It was considered that the PTD technique would improve the effects of the fluoride toothpaste, especially in the interproximal site.
Bemessung von Porenbeton‐Flachstürzen
Authors: Loderer Franz , Trümer André 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlat lintels are an often used and effective method of bridging over wall openings. They consist of a composite system of tension chord and the overlying masonry, which is only considered in regulations in this combined construction. The special features of the construction and design are explained in the present article through the example of aerated concrete flat lintels, with the verification of loadbearing capacity being described and explained based on the latest regulations in technical approvals taking into account the relevant European structural design codes and their national annexes.
Pulse of dissolved organic matter alters reciprocal carbon subsidies between autotrophs and bacteria in stream food webs
Authors: Demars Benoît O. L. , Friberg Nikolai , Thornton Barry 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoils are currently leaching out dissolved organic matter (DOM) at an increasing pace due to climate and land use change or recovery from acidification. The implications for stream biogeochemistry and food webs remain largely unknown, notably the metabolic balance (biotic CO2 emissions) and carbon cycling between autotrophs and bacteria. We increased by 12% the flux of DOM in a stream for three weeks to mimic a pulse of natural DOM supply from soils rich in organic matter. We were able to track its fate into the food web through the use of a before and after control impact experimental design and the addition of DOM with a distinctive δ13C signature. We used whole‐stream metabolism to quantify carbon fluxes. Both photosynthesis and heterotrophic respiration increased rapidly following C addition, but this was short lived, likely due to nutrient limitations. Carbon exchange between autotrophs and bacteria in the control stream accounted for about 49% of bacterial production and 37% of net primary production, under stable flow conditions. Net primary production relied partly (19% in the control) on natural allochthonous dissolved organic carbon via the CO2 produced by bacterial respiration, intermingling the green and brown webs. The preferential uptake of labile carbon by bacteria and excess bacterial CO2 relative to nutrients (N, P) for autotrophs shifted the reciprocal carbon exchange between bacteria and autotrophs to a predominantly one‐way carbon flow from bacteria to autotrophs, increasing the C:N:P molar ratios of autotrophs, the latter likely to become less palatable to consumers. The bacterial response to sucrose addition shifted the metabolic balance toward heterotrophy increasing biotic CO2 emissions (+125%), shortened the average distance travelled by a molecule of organic matter (−40%), and thus provided less organic matter of lower quality for downstream ecosystems. Even a small increase in labile dissolved organic matter supply due to climate and land use change could significantly alter in‐stream carbon cycling, with large effects on stream food web and biogeochemistry in small streams draining catchments with soils rich in organic carbon.
Tick control bait box use by Peromyscus spp. influenced by habitat placement but raises questions on disease ecology
Authors: Machtinger Erika T. , Li Andrew Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhite‐footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque), and deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus Gloger, are considered important reservoir hosts for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Host‐targeted and nonlethal Select TCS bait boxes have been shown to be effective at killing ticks by delivering small doses of fipronil to wild Peromyscus spp., attracted to the provided bait. This results in reductions in the tick Ixodes scapularis, the vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, in the environment. However, habitat influences on bait box use, interactions with bait boxes, and overall use of bait by small mammals have not been evaluated. These factors may influence the use of this tick control measure. In the current study, bait box use by small mammals was evaluated at five field sites in Maryland, USA, during a two‐year study period. Bait consumption in relation to specific described habitats evaluated at each site was recorded, and bait nutrition was compared to nutrition from common northeastern acorn species. Rodent behavior around bait boxes was analyzed using camera traps as well. Bait boxes were used more frequently in herbaceous and shrub habitats than those placed in areas with bare ground or canopy cover alone. Significant amounts of bait were consumed throughout the study, but in some habitat types bait boxes were not used. The bait was found to be similar to native acorns in energy content, suggesting that it may serve as a supplement for natural foods which may have population dynamic implications. Behavioral analysis suggested that Peromyscus spp. foraged around bait boxes regardless of bait presence, but they did not forage in unbaited boxes as frequently. This may suggest the use of odors alone could be enough for attracting rodents to bait boxes potentially reducing the negative effects of baiting while maintaining protective tick control measures.
Building a Culturally Responsive Independent Consulting Practice
Authors: Clark Nicole 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCultural responsiveness is an introspective, lifelong commitment to understanding unique cultural strengths, challenges, and their impact on community engagement. Moving beyond cultural competence (in which there is an expectation to possess a certain level of knowledge and skills in another culture), cultural responsiveness challenges professionals to recognize their own personal and professional biases and potential power dynamics, while working collaboratively to develop a dialogue‐based approach that responds to community needs. While this process is often detailed in how evaluators engage with clients and communities, as independent evaluators we can apply cultural responsiveness to how we develop our business structures and identify clients with whom to work. This chapter describes some of the influences on the author's personal commitment to a culturally responsive evaluation practice. Reaching beyond identity awareness, the author discusses how cultural responsiveness is demonstrated in practice. The chapter includes a set of questions related to business, client, project, and community engagement for evaluation consultants to answer and examine how their own work can be a culturally responsive practice to foster inclusion and support equity.
Partnering for Social Change: Collaborating With Clients and Communities
Authors: Wolfe Susan M. , Price Ann Webb 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides insight into the challenges faced by independent evaluators working in community settings. Communities are complex, requiring the independent evaluator, who chooses to work in them, to possess a unique set of personal qualities and professional competencies. Social problems are complex and community members and organizations must be engaged for interventions and evaluations to be effective. The authors delve into the evaluators’ professional competencies applicable to working with communities and the perspectives required to help communities evaluate their social change strategies. The authors discuss the necessity to demonstrate cultural humility and cross‐cultural competence, a commitment to justice and equity, an ecological perspective, empowerment, community inclusion, and knowledge of program development and implementation strategies typical in community‐oriented work. This chapter suggests guidelines and resources to assist the evaluator working in communities. It concludes with examples of results from the authors’ work as independent evaluation consultants working with community coalitions.
An adaptive test for meta‐analysis of rare variant association studies
Authors: Yang Tianzhong , Kim Junghi , Wu Chong , Ma Yiding , Wei Peng , Pan Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSingle genome‐wide studies may be underpowered to detect trait‐associated rare variants with moderate or weak effect sizes. As a viable alternative, meta‐analysis is widely used to increase power by combining different studies. The power of meta‐analysis critically depends on the underlying association patterns and heterogeneity levels, which are unknown and vary from locus to locus. However, existing methods mainly focus on one or only a few combinations of the association pattern and heterogeneity level, thus may lose power in many situations. To address this issue, we propose a general and unified framework by combining a class of tests including and beyond some existing ones, leading to high power across a wide range of scenarios. We demonstrate that the proposed test is more powerful than some existing methods in simulation studies, then show their performance with the NHLBI Exome‐Sequencing Project (ESP) data. One gene (B4GALNT2) was found by our proposed test, but not by others, to be statistically significantly associated with plasma triglyceride. The signal was driven by African‐ancestry subjects but it was previously reported to be associated with coronary artery disease among European‐ancestry subjects. We implemented our method in an R package aSPUmeta, publicly available at https://github.com/ytzhong/metaRV and will be on CRAN soon.
Conditional cash transfers, spillovers, and informal health care: Evidence from Peru
Authors: Guerrero Natalia , Molina Oswaldo , Winkelried Diego 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConditional cash transfer programs have become instrumental in encouraging the use of formal health services in developing countries, but little is known about their effect on the use of low‐quality informal care. Using a large survey of Peruvian rural households and a regression discontinuity design, we find a sizeable reduction in the use of informal health care providers not only by targeted but also by nontargeted members of households that qualify for the program. This indicates the existence of spillover effects within the household. We also provide evidence that beyond the direct increase in income, the availability of better information about institutional services is a potential mechanism that drives these effects.
On multilateral incomplete information decision models
Authors: Szajowski Krzysztof , Skarupski Marek 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper treats the decision problem related to theobservation of a Markov process by decision makers. The informationdelivered to the players is based on the aggregation of thehigh‐frequency data by some functions. Admissible strategies arestopping moments related to the available information. The paymentsare defined by the state at the time of stopping. The players' decision to stop has various effects which depend on the decisionmakers' type. The type β player's stopping decision assignsthe state of the process with chance β, and it offers thisstate to the opponent with probability . The knowledgeabout the type of the players is not public and in this way, thepayers have also different information. The details of thedescription allow to formulate the problem as a Bayesian game withsets of strategies based on the stopping times. It is an extensionof Dynkin's game related to the observation of a Markov process withthe random assignment mechanism of states to the players. Some examples related to the best choice problem (BCP) are analyzed. MSC (2000) Primary: 90D15; Secondary: 93C30.
Mutual influences of a chemical reaction and thermal radiation on a peristaltic pump of synovial nanofluids in a 3D tapered asymmetric channel
Authors: Hasona Wahed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis investigation discusses the influences of a chemical reaction and concentration‐dependent viscosity on a magnetohydrodynamics peristaltic pump of synovial nanofluid in a tapered channel. Chemical reaction and Hall current effects are considered in the proposed investigation. The current study is solved for two suggestion models. In Model‐(I), the concentration is considered as a function in viscosity. In Model‐(II), concentration is considered as a function of the shear‐thinning index. The related study is rearranged under the models of low Reynolds number and long wavelength. The system study of highly nonlinear partial differential equations is explained mathematically with the aid of ParametricNDSolve by using Mathematica 11. Both models have been compared numerically and a huge difference is found between them. Results for velocity profile, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration distributions are obtained graphically for similar values of various physical parameters in three‐dimensional forms. Furthermore, a trapping bolus sketch is proposed in the terminus. The results confirm that the AJ patients can be cured by using the magnetic field in the presence of an electrically inducing influence, as a result of the effort of the ions inside the cell, which accelerates the metabolism of fluids. In addition, maximum values of velocity can control the friction between the joints and thus reduce arthritis.
Infants' looking times in a 2‐D mental rotation task
Authors: Kaaz Tatjana , Heil Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn adults, substantial and consistent sex differences during mental rotation favouring men are obtained as long as certain methodological boundary conditions are met. In recent years, a number of studies using different stimuli and experimental approaches investigated sex differences in mental rotation in infants with inconclusive results. The goal of the present study was to examine on the basis of a sufficient statistical power (a) whether infants aged 6 month are able to use mental rotation in a preferential looking task after familiarization with simple 2‐D stimuli; (b) whether there were sex differences present, and (c) whether the results depend on inducing an expectation about the orientation of the upcoming stimulus.Our data suggest that the familiarization paradigm is well suited to reveal sex differences in mental rotation favouring boys only when it induces an expectation about the orientation of the upcoming stimulus. If no such expectation is induced, neither boys nor girls reveal evidence for mental rotation. More studies are needed to evaluate sex differences in infancy and, more importantly, whether infant's sex differences are restricted to experimental paradigms that induce the extrapolation of an induced rotary movement.Highlights

We investigated the reliability of recent findings suggesting that male but not female infants show evidence for mental rotation although no expectation about the orientation of the upcoming stimulus was possible.
By measuring the novelty preference in looking times, we found no evidence for mental rotation and no evidence for a sex difference as long as no expectation about stimulus orientation was possible.
Since the sex effect was only present when an expectation of stimulus orientation was induced, the ability of rotary extrapolation might be the reason for sex effects sometimes present in infant research on mental rotation.
Spillovers and financial integration in emerging markets: Analysis of BRICS economies within a VAR‐BEKK framework
Authors: Patra Saswat , Panda Pradiptarathi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study estimates the return and volatility spillovers among the BRICS countries (internal) and between BRICS, gold, oil and US stock markets (external). We find that internal return and volatility spillovers are higher than their external spillover counterparts. Thus, investors would be better off diversifying their investments in gold, oil and US stock markets along with the emerging economies. Interestingly, we also find that the return spillovers are higher than their volatility spillover counterparts, thus presenting investors with an opportunity to diversify their portfolio risk. With respect to portfolio constitution, South Africa emerges as the top choice for investment within the BRICS, whereas gold is the preferred choice for investors outside the BRICS economies.
Left ileal conduit: A case report
Authors: Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Matsui Kenichiro , Wakai Ken , Sazuka Tomokazu , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Sekita Nobuyuki , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionWhen ileal conduit construction is performed for urinary tract drainage during radical cystectomy, the conduit is usually constructed in the right lower abdomen. However, no reports have described ileal conduit construction in the left lower abdomen when it cannot be performed on the right side. In addition, some ingenuity is necessary for construction on the left.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old woman visited our hospital with chief complaint of gross hematuria. Computed tomography and cystoscopy showed a huge bladder tumor, and blood analysis showed anemia. The patient was treated by radical cystectomy with ileal conduit construction. An ileal conduit was constructed in the left lower abdomen; it was impossible to construct in the right lower abdomen because of the abdominal wall scar hernia due to the past open surgery.ConclusionWe herein reported a patient who underwent ileal conduit for urinary diversion on the left side of low abdominal wall.
Evaluation for Irrigation Water Purposes of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Sivas City Centre (Turkey) by Using Gis and an Irrigation Water Quality Index
Authors: Karakuş Can Bülent , Yıldız Sayiter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of wet and dry season groundwater quality parameters of 35 wells within the provincial boundaries of Sivas were used for calculations such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly's ratio (KR), sodium percentage (Na%), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and magnesium hazard (MH), which are used in irrigation water quality ratings. Also, the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) was calculated for all groundwater sources within the study area. Groundwater quality parameters and the spatial distribution of the parameters calculated throughout the study were mapped using GIS, and irrigation water quality evaluation was performed in accordance with USA Salinity Laboratory diagram and irrigation water quality standards. The correlations between the irrigation water quality parameters were determined using Pearson correlation analysis. IWQI values showed that the majority of groundwater samples (45.7%) are in the ‘weak' (MR: medium rating) category for the dry season, whereas 42.9% of groundwater samples fall within the ‘very weak' (HR: high restriction) category for the wet season. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐chemotherapy white blood cell depletion by therapeutic leukocytapheresis in leukemia patients: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Nguyen Thanh H. , Bach Khanh Q. , Vu Hung Q. , Nguyen Nhat Q. , Duong Thien D. , De Reys Stef , Wheeler Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperleukocytosis is commonly seen in acute and chronic leukemias. Therapeutic leukocytapheresis using an automatic cell separator can help to achieve prompt leukoreduction to reduce the rate of thrombotic events and early mortality as well as to prevent tumor lysis syndrome.AimIn this study, we report a single center's experience in managing leukemia patients with therapeutic leukocytapheresis prior to chemotherapy.Materials and MethodsLeukocytapheresis procedures were performed in 192 leukemia patients (including acute myeloid leukemia [AML], acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], and chronic myeloid leukemia [CML]) with hyperleukocytosis between January and December 2016.ResultsMedian % reduction of white blood cell (WBC) count was 30.5% and median % removal efficiency was 46.7% for 75 procedures where the waste bag was sampled. WBC removal efficiency strongly depended on diagnosis (and was 71%, 66%, and 39% for ALL, AML, and CML, respectively). Procedures were generally well tolerated with only 9 out of 192 patients having mild adverse effects.Discussion and ConclusionIn the absence of specific guidelines for the management of hyperleukocytosis, leukocytapheresis in association with chemotherapy should be considered early in clinical practice.