bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi‐supervised learning based on convolutional neural network and uncertainty filter for façade defects classification
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Wang Qian , Li Yiting 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeveloping a classifier to identify the defects from façade images using deep learning requires abundant labeled images. However, it is time‐consuming and uneconomical to label the collected images. Hence, it is desired to train an accurate classifier with only a small amount of labeled data. Therefore, this study proposes a semi‐supervised learning algorithm that uses only a small amount of labeled data for training, but still achieves high classification accuracy. In addition, based on the mean teacher algorithm, this study develops a novel uncertainty filter to select reliable unlabeled data for initial training epochs to further improve the classification accuracy. Validation experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the model accuracy from 79.26% to 84.36% compared to the traditional supervised learning algorithm with 10% of labeled data in a dataset. From another perspective, compared to supervised learning algorithm, the proposed technique can help reduce the time and cost for preparing the labeled data.
Quorum sensing systems as a new target to prevent biofilm‐related oral diseases
Authors: Muras Andrea , Mallo Natalia , Otero‐Casal Paz , Pose‐Rodríguez José M. , Otero Ana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study summarizes the current knowledge on the role of bacterial extracellular signaling systems, known as quorum sensing (QS), in oral biofilm formation, and on the possibility of blocking these microbial communication systems as a potential approach to prevent and treat oral infectious diseases.MethodsA detailed literature review of the current knowledge of QS in the oral cavity was performed, using the databases MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science.ResultsAccumulating direct and indirect evidence indicates an important role of QS molecules in the oral microbial ecosystem.ConclusionsThe mechanisms regulating gene expression through bacterial communication systems constitute a promising target to control oral biofilm formation. Although cell‐to‐cell communication is pivotal for biofilm formation of many pathogenic bacteria, knowledge concerning microbial interactions and signaling processes within multispecies biofilms in the oral cavity is still limited.
Bilateral comparison of traditional and alternate electrodermal measurement sites
Authors: Kasos Krisztian , Kekecs Zoltan , Csirmaz Luca , Zimonyi Szabolcs , Vikor Fanni , Kasos Eniko , Veres Andras , Kotyuk Eszter , Szekely Anna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdvances in mobile and wireless technology have expanded the scope of electrodermal research. Since traditional electrodermal measurement sites are not always suitable for laboratory research and are rarely appropriate for ambulatory measurements, there is a need to explore and contrast alternate measurement locations. We evaluated bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA) from five measurement sites (fingers, feet, wrists, shoulders, and calves). In a counterbalanced, randomized, within‐subjects design study, participants (N = 115) engaged in a 4‐min‐long breathing exercise and were exposed to emotionally laden and neutral stimuli. High within‐subject correlations were found between the EDA measured from fingers bilaterally (r =.89), between the left fingers and both feet (r= .72). Moderate correlations were found between EDA measured from the left fingers and wrists (r= .30 andr= .33), low correlations between the left fingers and the shoulders (r= −.03 andr= −.06) or calves (r= .05 andr= .14). Response latency was the shortest on the fingers while it was the longest on the lower body. Short response windows would miss some of the responses from the palmar surfaces and a substantial number from other evaluated locations. The fingers and the feet are the most reliable locations to measure from, followed by the wrists. We suggest setting site‐specific response windows for different measurement locations. An investigation of repeatability showed that within‐subject correlations, response frequencies, response amplitudes show a similar pattern from the first measurement time to a later one.
Commutativity of quaternion‐matrix–valued functions and quaternion matrix dynamic equations on time scales
Authors: Li Zhien , Wang Chao , Agarwal Ravi P. , O'Regan Donal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain some basic results of quaternion algorithms and quaternion calculus on time scales. Based on this, a Liouville formula and some related properties are derived for quaternion dynamic equations on time scales through conjugate transposed matrix algorithms. Moreover, we introduce the quaternion matrix exponential function by homogeneous quaternion matrix dynamic equations. Also a corresponding existence and uniqueness theorem is proved. In addition, the commutativity of quaternion‐matrix–valued functions is investigated and some sufficient and necessary conditions of commutativity and noncommutativity are established on time scales. Also the fundamental solution matrices of some basic quaternion matrix dynamic equations are obtained. Examples are provided to illustrate the results, which are completely new on hybrid domains particularly when the time scales are the quantum case and the discrete case ; , both of which are significant for the study of quaternion q‐dynamic equations and quaternion difference dynamic equations. Finally, we present several applications including multidimensional rotations and transformations of the submarine, the gyroscope, and the planet whose dynamical behaviors are depicted by quaternion dynamics on time scales and the corresponding iteration numerical solution for homogeneous quaternion dynamic equations are provided on various time scales.
The turnaround from transgression to regression of Holocene barrier systems in south‐eastern Australia: Geomorphology, geological framework and geochronology
Authors: McBride Randolph A. , Oliver Thomas S. N. , Dougherty Amy J. , Tamura Toru , Carvalho Rafael C. , Short Andrew D. , Woodroffe Colin D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHolocene regressive strandplains that preserve a series of former shorelines are extensive on coasts that were remote from major Pleistocene ice sheets (for example, Australia and Brazil), whereas transgressive barrier islands are typical in glacial forebulge regions (for example, North America and Europe). In strandplains, the regressive phase of strandline development was preceded by a transgressive phase during the final stages of postglacial sea‐level rise. This study examines the turnaround from transgression to regression through chronostratigraphic description of three barrier systems in south‐eastern Australia: Seven Mile Beach, Bengello Beach and Pedro Beach. The authors reconstruct geomorphic and depositional histories using ground‐penetrating radar and vibracores along transects across the landwardmost ridges, and optically‐stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating. At the Seven Mile Beach barrier system, extensive washover deposits are preserved that include distinctive, landward‐directed, flame‐shaped washover fans along the bayside shoreline of the landwardmost ridge. Landward‐dipping ground‐penetrating radar reflections in radargrams provide evidence of the culmination of the transgressive phase and transition into the regressive phase dominated by progradation, evidenced by the change to seaward‐dipping reflections. A similar progradational plain formed at the Bengello Beach barrier system, but transgressive deposits are largely absent at the site investigated, where an eroded headland created limited accommodation space until sand supply was sufficient for progradation. The Pedro Beach barrier system depositional history is more complex. There, a smaller embayment filled rapidly during the mid‐Holocene, and transgressive sands were deposited as sea level reached its present level and impounded a wetland. Accommodation space in the embayment was filled by ca 4000 years ago. Overall, results indicate that the Holocene turnaround transition occurred between 8400 and 7000 years ago, and was preserved at the landward margin of these three strandplains. Holocene morphostratigraphy differs among sites primarily as a function of sea level, sediment supply and antecedent topography.
Efficacy of low‐level light therapy for improving healing of diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Yuanpei , Chia Hoon Woon Audrey , Tang Huey Weng Krystle , Lim Su Ying Jasmine , Toh Wen Ya , Lim Xin Ling , Cheng Ling Jie , Lau Ying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers are prevalent among patients with diabetes and negatively affect mortality and life expectancy. This study aimed to synthesize and systematically review the best evidence to assess the efficacy of low‐level light therapy in improving healing of diabetic foot ulcers. We search CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until September 30, 2019. Meta‐analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta‐analysis 3.0 software. Overall effect was measured using Hedges' g and determined using the Z‐statistic at a significance level of P < .05. Heterogeneity was assessed using χ2 and I2 statistics. Twelve randomized controlled trials were included. Meta‐analysis revealed that 30.90% of the ulcer area was significantly reduced in the therapy group compared with the control group (Z = 3.95, P < .001) with a very large effect (g = 2.81). A 4.2 cm2 reduction of the ulcer area was observed in the therapy group compared with the control group (Z = 2.17, P = .03) with a very large effect (g = 1.37). In addition, diabetic foot ulcers in the therapy group was 4.65 times more likely to heal completely than those in the control group (Z = 3.02, P = .003). Low‐level light therapy accelerates wound healing and reduces the size of diabetic foot ulcers. However, our review does not allow any recommendation for the best treatment parameters required to achieve improved healing. Future trials need to include a good design and large sample size in defining the optimal treatment parameters for ulcers of different sizes.
A Nonlinear Analysis of the Wahl–Fischer Torsional Instability
Authors: Infante E. F. , Doughty S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis is an extension to a previous study of the Wahl–Fischer torsional instability problem (Infante and Doughty, “An Old Problem Reconsidered: The Wahl–Fischer Torsional Instability Problem”, J. Appl. Mech. Trans. ASME, 2020, 87(10), p. 101004). There, we provided a mathematical explanation of the reasons for the existence of torsional oscillations observed in numerical simulations and in actual mechanical devices such as the exhaust fan system studied by Wahl and Fischer. That explanation was mostly based on linear analysis. This paper presents an additional mathematical explanation of the nature and form of the large self-excited oscillations, due to the strongly nonlinear nature of the system and the large amplitude of these oscillations. Because the oscillations are large, their study requires the use of nonlinear methods.
Aerial Contact Manipulation With Soft End-Effector Compliance and Inverse Kinematic Compensation
Authors: Sheng Xinjun , Ma Zhao , Zhang Ningbin , Dong Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a six degrees-of-freedom manipulator with soft end-effector and an inverse kinematic compensator for aerial contact manipulation. Realizing the fact that aerial manipulators can hardly achieve precise position control, a compliant manipulator with soft end-effector is first developed to moderate end-effector positioning errors. The manipulator is designed to be rigid-soft combined. The rigid robotic arm employs the lightweight but high-strength materials. The compliance requirement is achieved by the soft end-effector so that the mechanical design for the joints are largely simplified. These two features are beneficial to lighten the arm and to ensure the accuracy. In the meantime, the pneumatic soft end-effector can further moderate the probable insufficient accuracy by endowing the manipulator with compliance for impact resistance and robustness to positioning errors. With the well-designed manipulator, an inverse kinematic compensator is then proposed to eliminate lumped disturbances from the aerial platform. The compensator can ensure the stabilization of the end-effector by using state estimation from the aerial platform, which is robust and portable as the movement of the platform can be reliably obtained. Both the accuracy and compliance have been well demonstrated after being integrated into a hexarotor platform, and a representative scenario aerial task repairing the wind turbine blade-coating was completed successfully, showing the potential to accomplish complex aerial manipulation tasks.
Limits of Extramobile and Intramobile Motion of Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms
Authors: Butler Jared , Greenwood Jacob , Howell Larry L. , Magleby Spencer 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mechanisms that can both deploy and provide motions to perform desired tasks offer a multifunctional advantage over traditional mechanisms. Developable mechanisms (DMs) are devices capable of conforming to a predetermined developable surface and deploying from that surface to achieve specific motions. This paper builds on the previously identified behaviors of extramobility and intramobility by introducing the terminology of extramobile and intramobile motions, which define the motion of developable mechanisms while interior and exterior to a developable surface. The limits of motion are identified using defined conditions. It is shown that the more difficult of these conditions to kinematically predict may be treated as a non-factor during the design of cylindrical developable mechanisms given certain assumptions. The impact of toggle positions for each case is discussed. Physical prototypes demonstrate the results.
Inverted Honeycomb Cell as a Reinforcement Structure for Building Soft Pneumatic Linear Actuators
Authors: Schmitt François , Piccin Olivier , Bayle Bernard , Renaud Pierre , Barbé Laurent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, the inverted honeycomb cell, known to exhibit an auxetic behavior, is considered to design two pneumatic linear actuators. The actuators are built using a combination of soft and rigid structures. They present complementary performances in terms of displacement, force, and stiffness. Experimental evaluations are conducted using prototypes produced using multimaterial additive manufacturing to combine soft and rigid materials with freedom of shape. The first actuator is inspired by origami structures. The possibility to obtain large deformations under low pressure is observed. The second actuator is based on a cylindrical auxetic structure based on the inverted honeycomb cell. Smaller deformation is reached but the design favors the off-axis stiffness, so the component can be integrated without any additional mechanical joint for translation. A discussion on the relative performances of these two actuators and their possible uses conclude the paper.
Investigation of Active Disassembly in Large Force Applications
Authors: Abuzied Hoda , Abbas Ayman , Awad Mohamed , Senbel Hesham 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Active disassembly (AD) is an emerging field of research in design for disassembly that enables a cost-effective nondestructive separation of product components. It is based on using active joints and fasteners that enables the self-disassembly of products without any direct contact between the product and the operator, where these joints and fasteners must be inserted in the product during its design and manufacturing phases. Generally, active joints and fasteners are made of smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs), that can generate the necessary disassembly forces required to separate the different components of the product. Most of the exerted effort in this field of research was focused on separating products requiring small disassembly forces either in the electronic or automotive sectors. All these active disassembly applications were based on using shape memory alloy snap fits, clips, or wires that are characterized by their ability to generate small forces with large displacements. As, up to the authors knowledge, none of the exerted efforts were concerned with investigating the possibility of using the large disassembly forces that could be generated using shape memory alloy actuators in large force active disassembly applications. Consequently, the presented research aims to examine the possibility of applying active disassembly with products requiring large disassembly forces, having tapered surfaces and large mechanical structure. By presenting two case studies to validate the possibility of using active disassembly with large force applications, in addition to investigating the capability of using shape memory alloy actuators assembled either concentric or eccentric with the product structure.
Computational Analysis on Weld Formation Mechanism during Self-Reacting Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Zhao Chenyu , Liu Xun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models are developed to understand physical principles of self-reacting friction stir welding process. A novel approach of predicting the weld microstructure based on plastic strain distribution at cross-section behind the tool is proposed and verified with experimental results. Limitations and credibility of shear stress and velocity tool/workpiece boundary condition are evaluated from the perspective of the weld formation mechanism. The importance of the shear layer and its sticking/sliding transition state in weld formation mechanism is emphasized. From modeling perspective, shear stress boundary, which only represents a sliding condition, neglects the movement and effects of this shear layer. When shear layer is formed, due to the velocity discontinuity which could not be captured in fluid model, velocity boundary condition, which represents an averaging effect of sticking/sliding transition between tool and shear layer, is needed.
Clinical Changes in Cervical Neuromuscular Control Following Subconcussive Impacts
Authors: Cheever Kelly , Howard Jeffrey T. , Kawata Keisuke 
Published: October 2020

Context: Increased injury rates following concussive injury have been attributed to decreased neuromuscular coordination frequently documented following a concussion. However, altered integration between the vestibular system and oculomotor pathways following impacts at subconcussive thresholds implicate all sports-related impacts not just those at a concussive threshold in future musculoskeletal injury. While, several studies have explored the utility of vestibular and oculomotor clinical testing to detect altered neuromuscular control and then correlated those alterations to future injury risk, no research has explored the use of cervical clinical tests in the same capacity. Outcome Measures: Cervical joint position error test, Neck Disability Index and head acceleration. Interventions: Soccer headers, fatigue protocol, soccer headers + fatigue. Objective: To explore the clinical utility of a novel clinical approach to measuring changes in cervical neuromuscular control following subconcussive impacts in a controlled lab environment. Participants: 40 current female colligate club soccer athletes were recruited. Inclusion criteria included between the age of 18 and 25 and a minimum of 4-year soccer heading experience. Setting: Laboratory. Design: A repeated-measures design with 4 groups was utilized to test the hypothesis. Results: A 65%, 54%, and 49% increased error was observed following the soccer heading, fatigue only, and soccer heading + fatigue interventions, respectively. Meanwhile, the controls saw a 6% decrease in neck position error. Concussion: While, cervical joint position error testing was sensitive to decreased neuromuscular coordination following soccer heading, it was not specific enough to rule out an exercise effect in the absence of subconcussive impacts. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical utility and specificity of cervical joint position error testing to measured alterations in supraspinal processing following subconcussive impacts, and how these alterations may lead to decreased coordination and movement of the body during sports-related task.
Carotid artery stiffness in rural adult Chinese: a cross-sectional analysis of the community-based China stroke cohort study
Authors: Wei Yao , Wang Ming , Gui Yang , Piao Xuemei , Sun Conghui , Zhang Xuehe , Zhai Feifei , Zhu Yicheng , Cui Liying , Zhang Shuyang , Dai Qing , Yang Meng 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo derive normative carotid artery stiffness data in rural adult Chinese population-based study of ultrasound measurements of carotid elasticity by using quality arterial stiffness (QAS), and to assess the changes of relevant parameters in Chinese adults 40 years of age and older.DesignA China stroke cohort study (total number: 1586) in the northern countryside were carried out between June 2013 and April 2016, designed to investigate the risk factors of cardiovascular and age-related diseases.SettingThe present study was a cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing community-based Shunyi cohort study in China.ParticipantsA total of 583 participants (227 men and 356 women; aged 40–80 years) with ultrasound carotid QAS examination were retrieved from the study to analyse.Primary and secondary outcome measuresArterial stiffness parameters included diastolic diameter (Dd), pulse wave velocity (PWV), stiffness indices α and β were calculated by QAS. Other clinical indicators included physical measurements, medical histories and blood biochemical test.ResultsIn the entire study sample, mean Dd was 7.93±0.88 mm, mean PWV was 9.4±2.4 m/s, mean α was 7.65±5.13 and mean β was 15.53±10.29. PWV was significant higher in participants with hypertension (9.9 m/s vs 9.2 m/s in those without, p=0.002), and with diabetes (10.3 m/s vs 9.2 m/s in those without, p=0.003). PWV were significantly higher in participants with HbA1c at 5.8%–6.4% versus <5.8%, but no difference was found between subjects with glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c) at 5.8%–6.4% versus >6.4% (p=0.005, p=0.955, respectively). Age increase by every 10 years was associated with Dd increased by 0.27 mm, PWV increased by 1.2 m/s, α increased by 1.34 and β increased by 2.71. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase by every 10 mm Hg was associated with Dd increased by 0.15 mm, PWV increased by 0.35 m/s, α increased by 0.13 and β increased by 0.15.ConclusionAmong the participants older than 40 years, stiffness of the carotid artery had differences between hypertension and non-hypertension adults, as well as between diabetes and non-diabetes adults. Stiffness of the carotid artery also have differences between adults with HbA1c at 5.8%–6.4% versus <5.8%. Stiffness of the carotid artery increases with increasing age and increasing SBP at a range from 40 and up.