bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microhardness of Two Composite Resins with Different Curing Sources
Authors: Alagha Ebaa Ibrahim , Alagha Mustafa Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background This study evaluated the influence of two light sources on the microhardness of two recent composite resins.Methods A total of one hundred and twenty specimens were prepared and divided into two groups according to the composite resin restoration used (Tetric EvoCeram Bulkfill) and (Universal Nanohybrid Mosaic). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups according to the light source used with different curing intervals: laser curing system (SIROLaser) for 10,15, and 20 seconds and conventional blue light system (LED) for 20 seconds. Microhardness testing machine was used to assess the microhardness. Two-way ANOVA was done for comparing resin composite and curing energy effect on different variable studied. One-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise Tukey’s post-hoc tests were performed to detect significance between each composite subgroups and t-test for subgroups. P values ≤ 0.05 are considered statistically significant in all tests.Results LED cured Tetric EvoCeram Bulkfill composite resin recorded higher B/T ratio than laser cured one and the difference in B/T ratio between both energies was statistically non-significant. LED cured Mosaic composite resin recorded higher B/T ratio than laser cured one. The difference in B/T ratio between both energies was statistically significant.Conclusion SIROLaser Blue laser device has been promoted for composite resin curing with different curing intervals, but the high cost and technique sensitivity result in their limited use. Clinical Significance: Different types of curing systems are present in the dental practice. The use of SIROLaser Blue laser to photopolymerize composite resin will offers proper polymerization properties.
Pulp volume changes after piezocision-assisted tooth movement: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hatrom Abdulkarim A. , Howait Mohamad S. , Zawawi Khalid H. , Al-Turki Ghassan A. , Alansari Reem A. , Hassan Ali Habib 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Orthodontic treatment may result in undesirable side effects, such as root resorption and a decrease in the size of the pulp tissue which could be associated with the duration of the orthodontic treatment. Piezocision-assisted tooth movement was introduced as a minimally invasive surgical procedure to shorten orthodontic treatment time. This prospective randomized clinical trial was aimed to compare the pulp volume changes of maxillary anterior teeth after en-masse retraction with or without piezocision-assisted orthodontics.Methods: Patients who required orthodontic treatment with bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions and en-masse retraction were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into extraction with piezocision, or only extraction, serving as controls. Pulp volume and root length changes of the maxillary six anterior teeth were measured and compared between the two groups using a 3-Dimensional analytical software. Paired and independent sample t-tests were used to compare within and between groups. Bivariate correlation was done between the mean change in pulp volume and its corresponding root length. The significance level was set at α = 0.05.Results: A total of 23 patients were included, 12 in the piezocision, and 11 in the control group. At the end of the en-masse retraction phase, (mean = 122.74 ±3.06 days) pulp volume was significantly decreased in all six anterior teeth in both groups (P < 0.01). The decrease in pulp volume was not statistically different between both groups, (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant but moderate correlation only between the pulp volume change of the right canine and its root length, r = 0.44, P = 0.034.Conclusions: The effect of piezocision-assisted orthodontic tooth movement on the pulp volume was comparable to the conventional orthodontic treatment. The degree of change in pulp volume does not appear to be related to the amount of root resorption.Trial registration: NCT03180151. Registered December 25,2016, retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03180151
Infrared spectroscopic study of hydrogen bonding topologies in the water octamer: The smallest ice cube
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Yang-Yang , Li Qinming , Wang Chong , Yu Yong , Zhang Bingbing , Hu Hanshi , Zhang Weiqing , Dai Dongxu , Wu Guorong , Zhang Donghui , Jiang Ling , Li Jun , Yang Xueming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The water octamer, with its cubic structure consisting of six four-membered rings, presents an excellent system in which to unravel the cooperative interactions driven by subtle changes in the hydrogen-bonding topology. Although many distinct structures are calculated to exist, it has not been possible to extract the structural information encoded in their vibrational spectra because this requires size-selectivity of the neutral clusters with sufficient resolution to identify the contributions of the different isomeric forms. Here we report the size-specific infrared spectra of the isolated cold, neutral water octamer using a scheme based on threshold photoionization using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. A plethora of sharp vibrational bands features are observed for the first time. Theoretical analysis of these patterns reveals the coexistence of five cubic isomers, including two with chirality. The relative energies of these structures are found to reflect topology-dependent, delocalized multi-center hydrogen-bonding interactions. These results demonstrate that even with a common structural motif, the degree of cooperativity among the hydrogen-bonding network creates a hierarchy of distinct species. The implications of these results on possible metastable forms of ice are considered.
A Comparative Case Control Study between Innovations Team Malta and Innovations Project UK Working with Hard to Reach Young People with Complex Mental Disorders
Authors: Saliba Andrea , Camilleri Nigel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHard-to-reach young people (HTRYP) can be defined as YP at risk, disadvantaged, marginalised, who slip through the healthcare system and are unwilling to engage with services. MethodThis case control study compared the outcomes from two HTRYP services, Innovations Team Malta (IT Malta) and Innovations Project UK (IP UK) and a matched control from a UK based Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) over a 12 month period. IT Malta included HTRYP 13-25 years and IP UK 15-25 years. An in-depth MDT assessment was carried out together with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (HoNOSCA) and Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) at assessment and discharge. HTRYP meeting criteria were offered intensive individual tailored therapy. Results38 YP were referred to IT Malta, 34 (89.5%) assessed and 22 (57.9%) treated in 2018. 40 referrals to IP UK, 36 (90%) assessed, 31 (86%) met criteria and 15(48%) were treated. The HoNOSCA for IT Malta and IP UK were similar, at baseline (20.65, 19.32) and discharge (16.65, 16.53) respectively, but higher when compared to CMHT (11.19, 8.03) (p <0.001). The mean baseline CGAS for IT Malta (46.0) elucidates more impairment compared to IP UK (51.1) and CMHT (58.9). The total mean contact time (hours) per YP were; IT Malta (24.5), IP UK (18.2) and CMHT (8.6). ConclusionIT Malta and IP UK identified, engaged and treated YP with multiple complex mental disorders whose needs were not being met by other mental health services. HTRYP may benefit from a flexible YP oriented service, including outreach capability and a focus on engagement. Despite improvement, HTRYP’s mental and social functioning remained clinically worse than CMHT.
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Due to Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the GFPT1 Gene
Authors: Jiang Yanfang , Liu Siwen , Wang Chunyan , Yu Yan , Zhang Peng , Yu Xuefan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary neuromuscular disorders associated with neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction. Here, we report the genetic variants and clinical follow-up of one individual suffering from CMS. The proband presented with limb weakness, and symptoms worsened after limb activities. In addition, decreases in muscle action potential were observed with repetitive nerve stimulation. Thus, myasthenia gravis was initially suspected, but the patient did not experience drooping eyelids or blurred vision. Trio whole exome sequencing was performed for the proband and his parents. We found two different heterozygous missense variants (c.331C>T; p.Arg111Cys and c.1428G>C; p.Lys476Asn) in the gene encoding glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1) in this patient with autosomal recessive CMS, of which one was novel. The new c.1428G>C; p.Lys476Asn variant has not been previously reported, and has not been recorded in the ClinVar dataset or the gnomAD global population dataset. The phenotypes （proximal muscle weakness and fatigue while ocular and facial involvement is only minimal，limb-girdle weakness and fatigue.，beneficial and sustained response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment）of the proband were consistent with those previously reported for CMS. Our study provides important information for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CMS.
Melatonin Dependent Modulation in microRNAs Relative Expression Pattern and Levels of cfDNA in Mature Oocytes of Unexplained Infertile Patients.
Authors: Khan Haroon Latif , bhatti Shahzad , abbas Sana , Kaloglu Celal , Qurat-ul-ain Syeda , Khan Yousaf Latif , Hassan Zahira , Aydin Hikmet Hakan , Turhan Nilgün Öztürk , Bousnane Nour El Houda , Yildiz Aysegul , Saruhashi Isadora 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
An Improved BM25 for Clinical Decision Support in Precision Medicine Based on Co-word Analysis and Cuckoo Search
Authors: zhang zicheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Retrieving gene and disease information from massive biomedical articles to provide doctors with clinical decision support is one of the important research directions of precision medicine . Methods: we present a new method for biomedical article retrieval based on co-word analysis and cuckoo search. The specific goal is to retrieve biomedical articles, in the form of article abstracts, addressing relevant treatments for a given patient. The method in this paper first uses the BM25 algorithm to calculate the score of the abstract, and we designed a method based on BM25 to calculate the score of expanded words. Second, when a disease and a gene both appear in the same biomedical article, the score of the biomedical article will be increased. Finally, the cuckoo algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the retrieval algorithm. The paper discusses the influence of different parameters on the retrieval algorithm, and summarizes the parameters to meet different retrieval needs. Results: all data were taken from medical articles provided in the TREC (Text Retrieval Conference) Clinical Decision Support Track 2017、2018 and 2019 in precision medicine. 120 standard topics were tested. we chose 3 test indicators and many kinds of algorithms for experimental comparison. For the fairness of the experiment, all these selected algorithms all used the BM25 algorithm or an improved BM25 algorithm. Experimental results showed that our algorithm has achieved good results and ranking Conclusions: we designed an improved BM25 algorithm based on co-word analysis and cuckoo search and verified the superiority of our algorithm on a large number of experimental sets. In this paper, the query expansion method is relatively simple, the next step is to consider the ontology and semantic network to expand the query vocabulary.
Validation of a simplified risk prediction model using a cloud based critical care registry in a lower-middle income country
Authors: Kumar Bharath , Gamage Dilanthi , Rashan Aasiyah , Beane Abi , Venkataraman Ramesh , Ramakrishnan Nagarajan , Haniffa Rashan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:The use of severity of illness scoring systems such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation in lower-middle income settings comes with important limitations, primarily due to data burden, missingness of key variables and lack of resources. To overcome these challenges, in Asia, a simplified model, designated as e-TropICS was previously developed. We sought to externally validate this model using data from a multi-centre critical care registry in India. Methods:Seven ICUs from the Indian Registry of IntenSive care(IRIS) contributed data to this study. Patients > 18 years of age with an ICU length of stay > 6 hours were included. Data including age, gender, co-morbidity, diagnostic category, type of admission, vital signs, laboratory measurements and outcomes were collected for all admissions. e-TropICS was calculated as per original methods. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to express the model’s power to discriminate between survivors and non-survivors. For all tests of significance, a 2-sided P less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be significant. AUROC values were considered poor when ≤ to 0.70, adequate between 0.71 to 0.80, good between 0.81 to 0.90, and excellent at 0.91 or higher. Calibration was assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow C -statistic. Results: We included data from 2094 consecutive patient episodes. The median age of the cohort was 60 and predominantly male (n=1350, 65.47%). Mechanical Ventilation and vasopressors were administered at admission in 504 (24.44%) and 423 (20.51%) patients respectively. Overall, mortality at ICU discharge was 10.28% (n=212). Discrimination (AUC) for the e-TropICS model was 0.81 (95% CI 0.78-0.84) with an HL C statistic p value of < 0.05. Brier score, used to evaluate overall model accuracy for prediction of mortality was 0.15 (0-14-0.16). The best sensitivity and specificity (72% and 74% respectively) were achieved with the model at an optimal cut-off for probability of 0.37. Conclusion:e-TropICS has utility in the care of critically unwell patients in the South Asia region with good discriminative capacity. Further refinement of calibration in larger datasets from India and across the South-East Asia region will help in improving model performance.
Recommendations for hemodynamic Monitoring for Critically Ill Children – Expert Consensus Statement issued by the Cardiovascular Dynamics Section of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC)
Authors: Singh Yogen , Villaescusa Javier Urbano , Cruz Eduardo M. da , Tibby Shane M , Bottari Gabriella , Saxena Rohit , Guillén Marga , Herce Jesus Lopez , Nardo Matteo Di , Cecchetti Corrado , Brierley Joe , de Boode Willem , Lemson Joris 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular instability is common in critically-ill children. There is scarcity of published high-quality studies to develop meaningful evidence-based hemodynamic monitoring guidelines and hence, with the exception of management of shock, currently there are no published guidelines for hemodynamic monitoring in children. The European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) Cardiovascular Dynamics section aimed to provide expert consensus recommendations on hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill children.
Methods
Creation of a panel of experts in cardiovascular hemodynamic assessment and hemodynamic monitoring and review of relevant literature - a literature search was performed, and recommendations were developed through discussions managed following a Quaker-based consensus technique and evaluating appropriateness using a modified blind RAND/UCLA voting method. The AGREE statement was followed to prepare this document.
Results
Of 100 suggested recommendations across 12 subgroups concerning hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill children, 72 reached “strong agreement”, 20 “weak agreement” and 2 had “no agreement”. Six statements were considered as redundant after rephrasing of statements following first round of voting. Due to lack of published evidence to develop evidence-based guidelines, most of the recommendations are based upon expert consensus.
Conclusions
These expert consensus-based recommendation may be used to guide clinical practice for hemodynamic monitoring in critically-ill children and they may serve as a basis for highlighting gaps in the knowledge base to guide further research in hemodynamic monitoring.
Effect of Different Sintering Additives on the Microstructure, Phase Compositions and Mechanical Properties of Si3N4/SiC Ceramics
Authors: Qin Ying , Yang Hailing , Li Qinggang , Wang Zhi , Wu Hao , Wu Junyan , Cheng Xin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Y2O3 and CeO2 were chosen as additives to investigate the effect of different additives on the microstructure, composition of phases and mechanical properties of Si3N4/SiC ceramics using pressureless sintering. Si3N4/SiC ceramic without additives had a high density, while after adding Y2O3 and CeO2, the density and flexural strength of Si3N4/SiC ceramics were significantly decreased due to the increase of porosity. The main phase compositions of samples were β-Si3N4 and SiC. Moreover, the liquid phases Y-Si-O-N and Ce-Si-O-N were observed after adding Y2O3 and CeO2 respectively. It also indicated that for Si3N4/SiC composite ceramics, the high aspect ratio β-Si3N4 overlapped with each other and closely bonded with glass phase could improve flexure strength effectively. Besides, the SiC crystal grains mainly existed in grain boundary, which could inhibit the secondary recrystallization to avoid that the decrease of flexural strength caused by the overgrowth of β-Si3N4 grains.
Knowledge and attitude of dentists, dental auxiliaries and students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Shahin Suliman , Bugshan Amr , Almulhim Khalid , AlSharief Mishali , Al-Dulaijan Yousif , al-Qarni Faisal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: A questionnaire was developed to assess various dental professionals from both governmental and private sectors through online and social media outlets. Results: A total of 1,033 responses were collected. Moreover, 63.4% of respondents (63.4%) were working in hospitals. Of all respondents, 44.9%, 33.4%, and 21.7% were in governmental clinics, academia, and private sector, respectively. Overall knowledge on incubation period and route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was satisfactory across all dental professions. All dental professionals except for dental assistants demonstrated adequate knowledge on the recommended hand-soap cleaning time (p < 0.001). Most dental professionals displayed unsatisfactory knowledge and disagreement on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside the host (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75.1% of respondents were reluctant to treat a suspected COVID-19 patient, and 92% participants believed that the mode of transmission was droplet inhalation. Fever, coughing, and shortness of breath were identified as the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Most standard methods of prevention in the dental office were selected by at least 50% of participants. Conclusions: An appropriate level of knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 incubation period and signs and symptoms of COVID-19 was noted among all dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. Perceived survival outside the host was modest. A certain level of apprehension toward suspected SARS-CoV-2 patients existed among most professionals. Pandemic-awareness campaigns are essential among healthcare providers.
Flow velocity and nutrients affect CO2 emissions from agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain
Authors: Leng Peifang , Li Fadong , Du Kun , Li Zhao , Gu Congke , Koschorreck Matthias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Groundwater is typically over-saturated with respect to CO2. Irrigation with groundwater is a common agricultural practice in many countries, but little is known about the fate of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in irrigation groundwater and its contribution to the CO2 emission inventory from land to the atmosphere. We performed a mesocosm experiment to study the fate of DIC entering agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain. Specifically, we aimed to unravel the effect of flow velocity and nutrient on CO2 emissions.
Results
All treatments were emitting CO2. Approximately half of the DIC in the water was consumed by TOC production (1–16%), emitted to the atmosphere (14–20%), or precipitated as calcite (CaCO3) (14–20%). We found that DIC depletion was stimulated by nutrient addition, whereas more CO2 evasion occurred in the treatments without nutrients addition. On the other hand, about 50% of CO2 was emitted within the first 50 h under high flow velocity. Thus, in the short term, high nutrient levels may counteract CO2 emissions from drainage channels, whereas the final fate of the produced biomass (burial versus mineralization to CO2 or even CH4) determines the duration of the effect.
Conclusion
Our study reveals that both hydrology and biological processes affect CO2 emissions from groundwater irrigation channels. The estimated CO2 emission from total groundwater depletion in the North China Plain is up to 0.52 ± 0.07 Mt CO2 y− 1. Thus, CO2 emissions from groundwater irrigation should be considered in regional CO2 budgets, especially given that groundwater depletion is expected to acceleration in the future.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Findings of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with&nbsp;Neuroendocrine Carcinoma:&nbsp;Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Dan , Luo Yan , Peng Yulan , Ling Wenwu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with concurrent occurrence of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the liver is very rare. Preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with neuroendocrine carcinoma to be very difﬁcult. Case presentation: A 33-year-old male was referred to our hospital due to liver space-occupying lesion. To further diagnosis, he received laboratory tests, gray-scale US, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). In this present study, ethical approval was not necessary, as this article is a case report, which is based on the clinical information of the patient. The patient gave his permission for publication of the case. Gray-scale abdominal ultrasound image demonstrated a mass at the inferior segment of the right posteriorr liver lobe with liver cirrhosis. In CEUS, the lesion was homogeneously hyper-enhanced in the arterial phase, heterogenous mild enhancement in the portal phase and hypo-enhanced in the parenchymal phase. The patient received middle hepatectomy, spleenectomy and cholecystectomy. He had an uneventful recovery from the procedure.Conclusions: We presented a case report with HCC with NEC, focusing on the ultrasound imaging features of this tumor, especially its enhancement pattern on CEUS. This is the first CEUS performance reported in association with HCC with NEC. CEUS provided helpful information for diagnosis. We should not simply diagnose such tumors as HCC, but think about the possibilities of HCC another type of cancer, especially in patients with the chronic liver disease.