bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambulatory detoxification in alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder
Authors: Moore Troy A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ambulatory detoxification in alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder is an important component in the management of patients experiencing withdrawal symptoms from alcohol or opioids. The goal of withdrawal management is ultimately to provide each patient with comfort and safety. Having the knowledge of the possible signs and symptoms of intoxication and withdrawal assists providers to institute the most appropriate treatment protocol and setting for the patient. Pharmacists play a vital role in choosing appropriate therapeutic management options for common or complex clinical situations involving ambulatory detoxification from alcohol and opioids. Ambulatory detoxification serves as an appealing option to many patients and helps save the limited inpatient resources that many institutions have for those patients with more severe withdrawal presentations.
Traumatic brain injury and mood disorders
Authors: Robert Sophie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraumatic brain injury is an increasing cause of morbidity worldwide. Neuropsychiatric impairments, such as behavioral dysregulation and depression, have significant impacts on recovery, functional outcomes, and quality of life of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Three patient cases, existing literature, and expert opinion are used to select pharmacotherapy for the treatment of target symptoms while balancing safety and tolerability.
Evaluation of initial atypical antipsychotic monitoring parameters in children and adolescents
Authors: Walkerly Autumn , King Morgan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionAtypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are associated with serious cardiometabolic disturbances, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and weight gain. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Practice parameter for the use of AAPs in children and adolescents encourages that the same monitoring schedule as recommended by the American Diabetes Association be applied to the pediatric population. This study assessed adherence to these monitoring recommendations for AAPs in children and adolescents admitted to a community teaching hospital's inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry unit.MethodsPatients age &lt;18 years were included if therapy was initiated with an AAP during an inpatient admission to the child and adolescent psychiatry unit. Patients were excluded if prescribed an AAP prior to admission or if the AAP was ordered as needed. The presence of the following was collected upon initiation: body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP), fasting lipids, heart rate (HR), waist circumference, electrocardiogram when indicated, and assessment of efficacy and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Any adverse effects and means of mitigation of those adverse effects were also collected.ResultsIn the 45 patients included, the following monitoring parameters were collected: 91.1% had BMI, 84.4% had FBG, 46.6% had fasting lipids, and 0% had waist circumference recorded. Additionally, 100% of patients had an assessment of efficacy and EPS and BP and HR documented.DiscussionAlthough this study included a small number of patients, there is area for improvement in obtaining baseline monitoring parameters in children and adolescents initiated on AAPs during an inpatient admission.
Impact of pharmacists on outcomes for patients with psychiatric or neurologic disorders
Authors: Werremeyer Amy , Bostwick Jolene , Cobb Carla , Moore Tera D. , Park Susie H. , Price Cristofer , McKee Jerry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionPsychiatric and neurologic illnesses are highly prevalent and are often suboptimally treated. A 2015 review highlighted the value of psychiatric pharmacists in improving medication-related outcomes. There is a need to describe areas of expansion and strengthened evidence regarding pharmacist practice and patient care impact in psychiatric and neurologic settings since 2015.MethodsA systematic search of literature published from January 2014 to June 2019 was conducted. Publications describing patient-level outcome results associated with pharmacist provision of care in a psychiatric/neurologic setting and/or in relation to central nervous system (CNS) medications were included.ResultsA total of 64 publications were included. There was significant heterogeneity of published study methods and data, prohibiting meta-analysis. Pharmacists practicing across a wide variety of health care settings with focus on CNS medication management significantly improved patient-level outcomes, such as medication adherence, disease control, and avoidance of hospitalization. The most common practice approach associated with significant improvement in patient-level outcomes was incorporation of psychiatric pharmacist input into the interprofessional health care team.DiscussionPharmacists who focus on psychiatric and neurologic disease improve outcomes for patients with these conditions. This is important in the current health care environment as most patients with psychiatric or neurologic conditions continue to have unmet needs. Additional studies designed to measure pharmacists' impact on patient-level outcomes are encouraged to strengthen these findings.
Pharmacist-led telemental health transitions of care clinic improves antidepressant medication continuity posthospitalization
Authors: Barrett Monica , Ward Sarah , Colvard Michelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA pharmacist-led telemental health transitions of care clinic was created at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center to improve continuity of psychiatric medication therapy following discharge from an acute psychiatric hospitalization. This was a single-center, multi-site, retrospective cohort study (historical cohort). The primary study objective was to determine the impact of a post-discharge pharmacist-led telemental health transitions of care clinic on improving antidepressant adherence rates after an acute psychiatric hospitalization. Secondary objectives included evaluation of rates of readmission to psychiatric hospitals, time to first mental health provider follow-up, and characterization of various pharmacist interventions made during the clinic visit. Pilot study results support that a pharmacist-led telemental health transitions of care clinic can improve antidepressant adherence after psychiatric hospital discharge and reduce time to postdischarge follow-up with a mental health provider. Patients enrolled in the clinic were more likely to maintain a medication possession ratio &gt;0.8 within 90 days of discharge when compared to a historical control (100% vs 43%, P  = .035). The clinic also improved time to first mental health provider follow-up as seen by a statistically significant improvement in the number of patients seen within 14 days of discharge by a mental health provider (100% vs 43%, P = .035). Results highlight the valuable role of psychiatric pharmacists in delivery of transitions of care services and support the expansion of current roles to improve outcomes after psychiatric hospitalizations.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy in Natural Product Research
Authors: Huck Christian W. , Beć Krzysztof B. , Grabska Justyna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe properties of natural products are related to certain classes of compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and essential oils. Traditionally, separation techniques including thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) even hyphenated to mass spectrometry (MS) were used for the elucidation and qualitative and quantitative analyses of individual compounds. In the food industry, spectroscopic investigations using infrared (IR) radiation have been used to monitor and evaluate the composition and quality since the early 1960s. During the last four decades, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (780–2500 nm; 12 820–4000 cm−1) has become one of the most attractive and used methods for analysis for the following reasons: It represents a nondestructive analytical tool allowing a fast and simultaneous qualitative and quantitative characterization of natural products and their constituents. In this contribution, the principle, technique, and methodology are described followed by a discussion of quantitative and qualitative application possibilities. Finally, some hints helpful for regulatory issues, and advantages and limitations are critically evaluated.
Quantitative analysis of treatments using real‐time image gated spot‐scanning with synchrotron‐based proton beam therapy system log data
Authors: Yoshimura Takaaki , Shimizu Shinichi , Hashimoto Takayuki , Nishioka Kentaro , Katoh Norio , Taguchi Hiroshi , Yasuda Koichi , Matsuura Taeko , Takao Seishin , Tamura Masaya , Tanaka Sodai , Ito Yoichi M. , Matsuo Yuto , Tamura Hiroshi , Horita Kenji , Umegaki Kikuo , Shirato Hiroki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA synchrotron‐based real‐time image gated spot‐scanning proton beam therapy (RGPT) system with inserted fiducial markers can irradiate a moving tumor with high accuracy. As gated treatments increase the beam delivery time, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of intra‐field adjustments corresponding to the baseline shift or drift and the beam delivery efficiency of a synchrotron‐based RGPT system. Data from 118 patients corresponding to 127 treatment plans and 2810 sessions between October 2016 and March 2019 were collected. We quantitatively analyzed the proton beam delivery time, the difference between the ideal beam delivery time based on a simulated synchrotron magnetic excitation pattern and the actual treatment beam delivery time, frequency corresponding to the baseline shift or drift, and the gating efficiency of the synchrotron‐based RGPT system according to the proton beam delivery machine log data. The mean actual beam delivery time was 7.1 min, and the simulated beam delivery time in an ideal environment with the same treatment plan was 2.9 min. The average difference between the actual and simulated beam delivery time per session was 4.3 min. The average frequency of intra‐field adjustments corresponding to baseline shift or drift and beam delivery efficiency were 21.7% and 61.8%, respectively. Based on our clinical experience with a synchrotron‐based RGPT system, we determined the frequency corresponding to baseline shift or drift and the beam delivery efficiency using the beam delivery machine log data. To maintain treatment accuracy within ± 2.0 mm, intra‐field adjustments corresponding to baseline shift or drift were required in approximately 20% of cases. Further improvements in beam delivery efficiency may be realized by shortening the beam delivery time.
Prediction of Hospitalizations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Frailty Index
Authors: Legge Alexandra , Kirkland Susan , Rockwood Kenneth , Andreou Pantelis , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Gordon Caroline , Romero‐Diaz Juanita , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Wallace Daniel J. , Bernatsky Sasha , Clarke Ann E. , Merrill Joan T. , Ginzler Ellen M. , Fortin Paul R. , Gladman Dafna D. , Urowitz Murray B. , Bruce Ian N. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Alarcón Graciela S. , Petri Michelle , Khamashta Munther A. , Dooley M. A. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Manzi Susan , Zoma Asad A. , Aranow Cynthia , Mackay Meggan , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo , Lim S. Sam , Inanc Murat , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Jonsen Andreas , Nived Ola , Ramos‐Casals Manuel , Kamen Diane L. , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Jacobsen Søren , Peschken Christine A. , Askanase Anca , Hanly John G. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) frailty index (FI) predicts mortality and damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its association with hospitalizations has not been described. Our objective was to estimate the association of baseline SLICC‐FI values with future hospitalizations in the SLICC inception cohort.MethodsBaseline SLICC‐FI scores were calculated. The number and duration of inpatient hospitalizations during follow‐up were recorded. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the association between baseline SLICC‐FI values and the rate of hospitalizations per patient‐year of follow‐up. Linear regression was used to estimate the association of baseline SLICC‐FI scores with the proportion of follow‐up time spent in the hospital. Multivariable models were adjusted for relevant baseline characteristics.ResultsThe 1,549 patients with SLE eligible for this analysis were mostly female (88.7%), with a mean ± SD age of 35.7 ± 13.3 years and a median disease duration of 1.2 years (interquartile range 0.9–1.5) at baseline. Mean ± SD baseline SLICC‐FI was 0.17 ± 0.08. During mean ± SD follow‐up of 7.2 ± 3.7 years, 614 patients (39.6%) experienced 1,570 hospitalizations. Higher baseline SLICC‐FI values (per 0.05 increment) were associated with more frequent hospitalizations during follow‐up, with an incidence rate ratio of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13–1.30) after adjustment for baseline age, sex, glucocorticoid use, immunosuppressive use, ethnicity/location, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 score, SLICC/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index score, and disease duration. Among patients with ≥1 hospitalization, higher baseline SLICC‐FI values predicted a greater proportion of follow‐up time spent hospitalized (relative rate 1.09 [95% CI 1.02–1.16]).ConclusionThe SLICC‐FI predicts future hospitalizations among incident SLE patients, further supporting the SLICC‐FI as a valid health measure in SLE.
Interfacial Modulation with Aluminum Oxide for Efficient Plasmon‐Induced Water Oxidation
Authors: Zeng Bin , Wang Shengyang , Gao Yuying , Li Guanna , Tian Wenming , Meeprasert Jittima , Li Hao , Xie Huichen , Fan Fengtao , Li Rengui , Li Can 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasmon‐induced photocatalysts hold great promise for solar energy conversion owing to their strong light‐harvesting ability and tunable optical properties. However, the complex process of interfacial extraction of hot carriers and the roles of metal/semiconductor interfaces in plasmonic photocatalysts are still not clearly understood. Herein, the manipulation of the interface between a plasmon metal (Au) and a semiconductor (rutile TiO2) by introducing an interfacial metal oxide (Al2O3) is reported. The resulting Au/Al2O3/TiO2 exhibits remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic water oxidation activity compared with Au/TiO2, giving an apparent quantum efficiency exceeding 1.3% at 520 nm for photocatalytic water oxidation. Such an interfacial modulation approach significantly prolongs the lifetime of hot carriers in the Au/TiO2 system, which conclusively improves the utilization of hot carriers for plasmon‐induced water oxidation reaction upon irradiation. This work emphasizes the essential role of the interfacial structure in plasmonic devices and provides an alternative method for designing efficient plasmonic photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.
Spontaneously Splitting Copper Nanowires into Quantum Dots on Graphdiyne for Suppressing Lithium Dendrites
Authors: Zuo Zicheng , He Feng , Wang Fan , Li Liang , Li Yuliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs an emerging carbon allotrope, the controllable growth of graphdiyne has been an important means to explore its unique scientific properties and applications. In this work, the effect of the crystal structure of copper (Cu) on the growth of graphdiyne is systematically studied. It is found that the crystal boundaries are the origin of the reaction activity. The polycrystalline Cu nanowire with many crystal boundaries is spontaneously split into Cu quantum dots (about 3 nm) by the grown graphdiyne. These Cu quantum dots are uniformly dispersed on the graphdiyne, and they block the long‐range ordered growth of the graphdiyne. These Cu quantum dots in situ supported on graphdiyne demonstrate high efficiency in inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries. Based on this interesting finding, the Cu quantum dots anchored on the all‐carbon graphdiyne can be prepared on a large scale, and unique applications of Cu quantum dots in electrochemical fields can be implemented.
Theoretical, Solid‐State, and Solution Quantification of the Hydrogen Bond‐Enhanced Halogen Bond
Authors: Decato Daniel A. , Riel Asia Marie S. , May James H. , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S. , Berryman Orion B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProximal noncovalent forces are commonplace in natural systems and understanding the consequences of their juxtaposition is critical. This paper experimentally quantifies for the first time a Hydrogen Bond‐Enhanced Halogen Bond (HBeXB) without the complexities of protein structure or preorganization. An HBeXB is a halogen bond that has been strengthened when the halogen donor simultaneously accepts a hydrogen bond. Our theoretical studies suggest that electron‐rich halogen bond donors are strengthened most by an adjacent hydrogen bond. Furthermore, stronger hydrogen bond donors enhance the halogen bond the most. X‐ray crystal structures of halide complexes (X−=Br−, I−) reveal that HBeXBs produce shorter halogen bonds than non‐hydrogen bond analogues. 19F NMR titrations with chloride highlight that the HBeXB analogue exhibits stronger binding. Together, these results form the foundation for future studies concerning hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds in close proximity.
Reaction Mechanism of Pd‐Catalyzed “CO‐Free” Carbonylation Reaction Uncovered by In Situ Spectroscopy: The Formyl Mechanism
Authors: Geitner Robert , Gurinov Andrei , Huang Tianbai , Kupfer Stephan , Gräfe Stefanie , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract“CO‐free” carbonylation reactions, where synthesis gas (CO/H2) is substituted by C1 surrogate molecules like formaldehyde or formic acid, have received widespread attention in homogeneous catalysis lately. Although a broad range of organics is available via this method, still relatively little is known about the precise reaction mechanism. In this work, we used in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to unravel the mechanism of the alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes using different surrogate molecules. In contrast to previous hypotheses no carbon monoxide could be found during the reaction. Instead the reaction proceeds via the C−H activation of in situ generated methyl formate. On the basis of quantitative NMR experiments, a kinetic model involving all major intermediates is built which enables the knowledge‐driven optimization of the reaction. Finally, a new reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of in situ observed Pd‐hydride, Pd‐formyl and Pd‐acyl species.
Effect of Gold(I) on the Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Ethynylphenanthrene
Authors: de Aquino Araceli , Caparrós Francisco J. , Aullón Gabriel , Ward Jas S. , Rissanen Kari , Jung Yongsik , Choi Hyeonho , Lima João Carlos , Rodríguez Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of two series of gold(I) complexes with the general formulae PR3‐Au‐C≡C‐phenanthrene (PR3=PPh3 (1 a/2 a), PMe3 (1 b/2 b), PNaph3 (1 c/2 c)) or (diphos)(Au‐C≡C‐phenanthrene)2 (diphos=1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppm (1 d/2 d), 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, dppb (1 e/2 e)) has been realized. The two series differ in the position of the alkynyl substituent on the phenanthrene chromophore, being at the 9‐position (9‐ethynylphenanthrene) for the L1 series and at the 2‐position (2‐ethynylphenanthrene) for the L2 series. The compounds have been fully characterized by 1H, 31P NMR, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction resolution in the case of compounds 1 a, 1 e, 2 a, and 2 c. The emissive properties of the uncoordinated ligands and corresponding complexes have been studied in solution and within organic matrixes of different polarity (polymethylmethacrylate and Zeonex). Room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is observed for all gold(I) complexes whereas only fluorescence can be detected for the pure organic chromophore. In particular, the L2 series presents better luminescent properties regarding the intensity of emission, quantum yields, and RTP effect. Additionally, although the inclusion of all the compounds in organic matrixes induces an enhancement of the observed RTP owing to the decrease in non‐radiative deactivation, only the L2 series completely suppresses the fluorescence, giving rise to pure phosphorescent materials.
A Simple Route to the Synthesis of Pt Nanobars and the Mechanistic Understanding of Symmetry Reduction
Authors: Chen Ruhui , Nguyen Quynh N. , Zhao Ming , Chen Zitao , Chi Miaofang , Xia Younan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNoble‐metal nanocrystals with anisotropic shapes have received increasing interest owing to their unique properties. Here, a facile route to the preparation of Pt nanobars with aspect ratios tunable up to 2.1 was reported by simply reducing a PtIV precursor in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at 160 °C in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). In addition to its commonly observed roles as a solvent and a reductant, DMF could also decompose to generate CO, a capping agent capable of selectively passivating Pt{100} facets to promote the formation of nanobars. The size and aspect ratio of the nanobars could be tuned by varying the amount of PtIV precursor involved in the synthesis, as well as the concentration of PVP because of its dual roles as a stabilizer and a co‐reductant. Our mechanistic study indicated that the anisotropic growth resulted from both particle coalescence and localized oxidative etching followed by preferential growth.
Bone Tissue Disorders: Healing Through Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Barbosa Jéssica S. , Mendes Ricardo F. , Figueira Flávio , Gaspar Vítor M. , Mano João F. , Braga Susana S. , Rocha João , Almeida Paz Filipe A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis, Paget's disease and osteosarcoma are a few examples of bone tissue disorders that affect millions of people worldwide. These conditions can strictly limit the lifestyle of patients and may even lead to their demise. To prevent this or, at least, try to manage the situation, there are several treatments available on the market. Notwithstanding, research has been driven by the possibility to improve the existing therapies, as well as to find new approaches that could better respond to these diseases. In this Review the path is shown through which, in recent years, coordination compounds have been prepared and manufactured to be applied in the management of bone tissue disorders. Starting with the design and preparation of the coordination compounds with various dimensionalities, two approaches have been used: (1) they are prepared as three‐dimensional cages that can act as delivery systems for therapeutic substances, or (2) they are constructed/prepared from compounds with intrinsic therapeutic properties. Following this, several strategies have been explored to manufacture the effective delivery to the patients. The versatility of coordination compounds has allowed their use in the preparation of drug tablets, coatings for titanium implants, or even scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In the end, it becomes clear that these compounds can be a valuable approach to reach a better treatment for bone tissue disorders. Nonetheless, along the road, a few bumps have appeared concerning the therapeutic profile, such as the effect of the structural arrangement or particle size.