bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Terhadap Kadar LDL Darah Mencit
Authors: Dharma Surya , Fitrini Fitrini , Zulkarni Zulkarni 
Published: January 2020

Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) mengandung senyawa yang salah satunya flavonoid, dimana besar peranannya sebagai anti oksidan dalam pembuluh darah di jantung dan otak. Antioksidan diasumsikan dapat menghambat peradangan yang disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar LDL dalam pembuluh darah. LDL merupakan lemak jenuh yang bersifat radikal bebas yang dapat menimbulkan peradangan pada pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan agar kandungan senyawa flavonoid ini mampu mengantisipasi pembentukan radang di dalam pembuluh darah, sehingga aterosklerosis dan trombosis dapat dicegah. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan optimalisasi kadar LDL dalam darah dengan cara pemberian kuning telur puyuh. Hewan uji terdiri atas 5 kelompok setiap kelompok terdiri dari 6 ekor mencit. Kelompok 1 merupakan kelompok yang hanya diberikan makanan standar, CMC dan air. Kelompok 2 adalah kelompok yang diberikan kuning telur selama 14 hari. Kelompok 3,4 dan 5 diberikan variasi dosis ekstrak sirih merah secara berurutan (200, 280 dan 400 mg/kg BB). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari, diamati pada hari ke 7, 14 dan 21. Kadar LDL diukur menggunakan alat Lipid Pro. Setelah dihitung diperoleh data bahwa pemberian dosis 400 mg/kg BB pada pengamatan hari ke 14 dan 21, merupakan dosis yang mampu menurunkan kadar LDL darah secara maksimal (p<0,05) baik berdasarkan hasil data yang diperoleh maupun dihitung dalam bentuk persentase. Efek dalam bentuk persentase, dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif disetiap waktu pengamatan yang sama. Pemberian ekstrak daun sirih merah dosis 400 mg/kgBB pada hari ke 14 dan 21, mampu menurunkan kadar LDL dengan maksimal (p<0.05) pada mencit putih sebagai hewan uji.
Studi Fitokimia pada Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe Var. Sunti Val)
Authors: Herawati Irma Erika , Saptarini Nyi Mekar 
Published: January 2020

Jahe merah merupakan tanaman obat berupa tumbuhan rumpun berbatang semu, termasuk keluarga Zingiberaceae. Jahe merah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit seperti masuk angin, gangguan pencernaan, antipiretik, antiinflamasi, dan juga analgesik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid dari jahe merah, identifikasi senyawa flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan dari jahe merah. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah refluks dengan campuran pelarut etanol 96%:HCl 12N. Metode pengujian kadar flavonoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode komplek flavonoid:AlCl3. Pemisahan senyawa flavonoid dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom menggunakan gradien pelarut. Identifikasi senyawa flavonoid dilakukan dengan pereaksi geser pada Spektrofotometri UV. Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan jahe merah dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Pengukuran kadar flavonoid jahe merah dilakukan pada pelarut etanol 96% serta campuran etanol 96% dan HCl 12 N dengan perbandingan 98 : 2 ; 96 : 4 ; 94 : 6. Didapatkan kadar flavonoid tertinggi pada jahe merah, yaitu pada campuran pelarut etanol 96%:HCl 12N (98:2). Pemisahan senyawa flavonoid menggunakan 21 gradien pelarut, fraksi 12 dan 13 kemudian dilakukan identifikasi dengan pereaksi geser pada Spektrofotometri UV. Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak jahe merah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH. Nilai IC50 ekstrak jahe merah adalah 57,14 ppm. Kadar flavonoid rimpang jahe merah pada pelarut etanol 96%:HCl 12N (98:2) adalah 0,0068%. Identifikasi senyawa flavonoid pada ekstrak jahe merah menunjukkan bahwa senyawa flavonoid yang terdapat pada jahe merah adalah 7-4’-dihidroksiflavon. Dengan nilai IC50 57,14 ppm ekstrak jahe merah termasuk kategori antioksidan kuat.
Pola Penggunaan Antibiotik Dalam Swamedikasi Pada Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Bersama (TPB) Universitas Mataram
Authors: Fatmah Siti , Aini Siti Rahmatul , Pratama Iman Surya 
Published: January 2020

Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dalam swamedikasi sering terjadi di berbagai kalangan tak terkecuali mahasiswa. Ketidaktepatan penggunaan menyebabkan peningkatan resiko efek samping dan resistensi antibiotik sehingga diperlukan implementasi swamedikasi yang tepat. Studi pola penggunaan obat pada kalangan mahasiswa di Kota Mataram masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola penggunaan antibiotik dalam swamedikasi pada mahasiswa TPB Universitas Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif pada 400 mahasiswa TPB yang dipilih secara acak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Juli 2018 di Unit Pelaksana Tahun Pertama Bersama Universitas Mataram. Data karakteristik demografi dan pola penggunaan antibiotik diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Data karakteristik demografi meliputi nama, nim, alamat, asal sekolah, asal fakultas, dan kontak responden. Pola penggunaan antibiotik meliputi alasan penggunaan, indikasi, sumber mendapatkan, lama terapi, dan efek samping Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif. Dari 421 mahasiswa, 379 pernah menggunakan antibiotik. Mahasiswa terdiri dari 119 laki-laki dan 260 perempuan dengan rata-rata usia 17-18 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan antibiotik untuk mengobati flu dan batuk selama 1-3 hari (43%). Antibiotik diperoleh dengan mudah di apotek berdasarkan rekomendasi tenaga kesehatan (49,6%). Antibiotik jika digunakan berlebihan dapat meningkatkan resiko efek samping seperti mual muntah 35,9%. Penggunaan dihentikan jika efek samping terjadi dan berkonsultasi ke dokter (51,7%). Penggunaan antibiotik dalam swamedikasi pada mahasiswa TPB masih belum tepat ditinjau dari pola penggunaan antibiotik.
Gambaran Reaksi Obat Yang Tidak Dikehendaki pada Pengobatan Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Kabupaten “X” Yogyakarta dan Hubungannya dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat
Authors: Dewi Lucia VIta Inandha , Hakim Lukman , Sismindan Sismindan , Ngatidjan Ngatidjan , Putra Soni Prabowo 
Published: January 2020

Pemantauan Reaksi Obat Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD) perlu dilakukan pada pasien tuberkulosis untuk menjamin keamanan selama pengobatan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien mengingat banyaknya jenis obat yang digunakan dan durasi pengobatan yang cukup lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ROTD yang terdiri dari : jenis, jumlah kejadian, dan waktu timbul, serta mencari hubungan antara terjadinya ROTD dengan kepatuhan minum obat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan studi kohort terhadap 33 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, di beberapa puskesmas kabupaten X Yogyakarta, pada tahun 2017. Data ROTD didapat dari hasil wawancara dan pengisian lembar isian yang terdiri dari 12 macam pilihan ROTD mayor dan minor, data kepatuhan didapat dari pengisian kuesioner dengan metode Morisky Modification Adherence Scalle (MMAS)-8. Dari keseluruhan subyek yang diteliti 66,6 % mengalami ROTD, 4,5% mengalami lebih dari 5 jenis ROTD, 31,8% mengalami 3 jenis, 27,27% mengalami 2 jenis, dan 31,8% mengalami 1 jenis. Dari 12 jenis ROTD yang diamati, terdapat 51 kejadian ROTD, dengan 11,76% kategori mayor yaitu gatal pada kulit dan gangguan penglihatan, serta 88,2% kategori minor. Gangguan pencernaan adalah jenis ROTD paling banyak dialami yaitu sebanyak 69% kejadian, sementara kram otot dan demam masing-masing sebesar 1,9%. Dari 66,6% subyek yang mengalami ROTD tercatat kejadian timbulnya ROTD terbanyak terjadi pada 1 hingga 4 minggu setelah minum obat. Hasil uji chi-square antara kejadian ROTD dan tingkat kepatuhan menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian ROTD dengan tingkat kepatuhan, taraf sig 0,602 > 0,05. Kejadian ROTD dialami oleh beberapa subyek penelitian terdiri dari ROTD mayor dan minor, namun tidak mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pasien.
Aktivitas Penghambatan Denaturasi Albumin dan Efek Anti-Inflamasi Campuran Ekstrak Herba Meniran, Daun Kelor, Daun Salam
Authors: Laksmitawati Dian Ratih , Tiffani Claudia 
Published: January 2020

Kombinasi herbal dalam satu formula memiliki keuntungan antara lain sinergisitas efek. Daun salam, daun kelor dan herba meniran dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas anti-inflamasi, namun dalam bentuk kombinasinya belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan aktivitas anti-inflamasi dari meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.), daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk) dan daun salam (Syzigium polyanthum (Wight) Walp) dalam bentuk tunggal dan kombinasinya secara in vitro dan in vivo. Metode : Metode pengujian aktivitas antiinflamasi in vitro menggunakan metode penghambatan denaturasi albumin sedangkan uji in vivo menggunakan metode edema pada telapak kaki tikus putih jantan. Ketiga daun dari tanaman tersebut masing-masing dibuat ekstrak dengan maserasi etanol 70%. Sebagai sampel uji in vitro, dibuat 7 macam yaitu : ekstrak meniran (M) tunggal, ekstrak kelor (K), tunggal ekstrak salam (S) tunggal dan ekstrak kombinasi M:K:S dengan perbandingan = 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2. Ekstrak dengan aktivitas antiinflamasi in vitro tertinggi akan diujikan secara in vivo. Hasil dari pengujian in vitro menunjukkan persen inhibisi denaturasi albumin tertinggi pada kombinasi meniran : kelor : salam (1:2:1) sebesar 60,04% ± 0,32 dan secara in vivo diperoleh persen penghambatan edema kaki tikus yang diinduksi karagenan sebesar 9,06%. Aktivitas penghambatan denaturasi albumin Na diklofenak sebagai kontrol adalah 84,06% dan secara invivo sebesar 41,21%. Aktivitas anti-inflamasi in vivo ektrak tunggal meniran sebesar 19,59%. Kombinasi ekstrak daun meniran, kelor dan salam dengan perbandingan 1:2:1 mempunyai aktivitas antiinflamasi melalui metode penghambatan denaturasi albumin yang cukup besar (60,04%), namun aktivitas penghambatan radang kaki tikus tidak sebaik in vitronya (9,06%).
Steam explosion of wood particles from fibreboard and particle board with indirect control by enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Pažitný Andrej 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pretreatment of particles obtained from lignocellulosic materials by steam explosion with indirect control by enzymatic hydrolysis has been studied. The dendromass pretreatment model has been applied for recycled fibreboard and particle board based on softwood. Their structure and chemical composition partly predetermine these lignocellulosic materials consisting of a mixture of spruce and fir particles also for bioethanol production. Optimum steam explosion temperature of 205 °C was determined based on the concentration of total monosaccharides — glucose, xylose and arabinose, among all experimentally prepared hydrolysates. This corresponds to basic conditions for fine disintegration of biomass to lignocellulosic structure with good holocellulose accessibility. Particles obtained from fibreboard and particle board primarily consisting of softwood without steam explosion pretreatment provide relatively low cellulose accessibility for commercial enzymes activity while monosaccharides concentration is partly reduced because of torrefaction at high temperatures. The concentration of monosaccharides in hydrolysates was determined for original sample and each steam explosion temperature. Based on the steam explosion conditions, the effect of severity factors was investigated to find optimum pretreatment conditions to increase accessibility of softwood cellulose and hemicelluloses. The identified optimum severity factor RO
= 4.09 matches the optimum steam explosion temperature of 205 °C and the residence time of 10 minutes.
Selectedin vitro methods to determine antioxidant activity of hydrophilic/lipophilic substances
Authors: Ácsová Aneta , Martiniaková Silvia , Hojerová Jarmila 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The topic of free radicals and related antioxidants is greatly discussed nowadays. Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals before damaging cells. In the absence of antioxidants, a phenomenon called oxidative stress occurs. Oxidative stress can cause many diseases e.g. Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, antioxidant activity of various compounds and the mechanism of their action have to be studied. Antioxidant activity and capacity are measured by in vitro and in vivo methods; in vitro methods are divided into two groups according to chemical reactions between free radicals and antioxidants. The first group is based on the transfer of hydrogen atoms (HAT), the second one on the transfer of electrons (ET). The most frequently used methods in the field of antioxidant power measurement are discussed in this work in terms of their principle, mechanism, methodology, the way of results evaluation and possible pitfalls.
Words That Go Together: Teaching Collocations in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Nagy Tünde 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Using the right collocations in a foreign language is often a challenge for language learners who may not be familiar with their use and characteristics. After presenting the types of collocations and the importance they have in the acquisition of a foreign language, the paper draws attention to the necessity of raising students’ awareness of collocations, and at the same time it reflects on possible ways of teaching them. Focusing especially on verb-noun collocations, the paper examines the learning materials used in the EFL classes at Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Miercurea Ciuc, with special regard to the exercises on these constructions. In line with construction grammar theories (Goldberg 1995, 1997, 2006), it is assumed that collocations are to be treated as constructions, pairings of form and meaning, including patterns with different degrees of predictability. Collocations, consisting of both predictable (e. g. read a book, blue sky) and non-predictable forms (e. g. run a program, safe and sound) can be more easily remembered if regarded as constructions where all the constituent elements contribute to the meaning of the construction as a whole (but whose meaning is more than the sum of the constituent elements). In order to gain a better understanding of collocations, the use of electronic corpora and electronic databases as well as additional materials on collocations that would complement the language materials used in class is highly encouraged. By making use of these resources, students can see examples of everyday language use and become more aware of the use of collocations as well as the similarities and differences between them in different languages.
Linguistic Mediation in the Digital Age
Authors: Horváth Ildikó 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTechnological advances have had an impact not only on the translation but also on the interpretation market. Furthermore, with the advent and widespread use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the field of language mediation, the professions traditionally called “translation” and “interpreting” have been transformed by the digital revolution. In times of upheaval, profound changes can be felt in the market, the working environment, the conditions and processes as well as in the way language mediators work, the tasks they carry out, and the roles they play in the translation process. In the present article, we shall focus on these major changes and highlight the latest developments first in the field of translation and then in interpreting.
Homes of Crimes Social Stratification as Location Strategy in the Hungarian Family Crime DramaAranyélet‘Golden Life’
Authors: Mészáros Péter , Molnár-Kovács Dorottya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHBO Hungary’s original series,Aranyélet, proves to be an interesting case study in terms of location strategies in Eastern European TV shows. It is refreshing in the sense that – contrary to other TV programmes attempting to showcase life in Budapest – it does not feel the need to represent locality by swamping the viewer with iconic tourist destinations of the capital. Instead, the characteristic “Hungarianness” of the show appears through displaying personal living spaces of people from a wide range of socio-cultural backgrounds, all of which represent the typical Hungarian strata.In our paper, we have used a simplified categorization of social classes apparent in Hungarian society and connected these groups with characters ofAranyélet. Then, we have scrutinized the living spaces of these characters as represented in the show, paying special attention to their likely location, furnishing, building materials, and general condition. By this analysis, we aim to prove that the show tries to create an alternative mental map of Budapest and its population, covering all strata of society with painting a picture of their lifestyle and living conditions.Our paper draws on the work of Kim Toft Hansen and Anne Marit Waade, who, in their volumeLocating Nordic Noir – From Beck to The Bridge, place a large emphasis on aspects of location studies in contemporary Scandinavian crime.
Chuchotage – Intermediary Spaces in (Screen) Translation
Authors: Ajtony Zsuzsanna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present paper is devoted to the translation theoretical, linguistic-textual comparison of the Hungarian film dialogues and their English subtitles of the short dramedy entitled Susotázs [Chuchotage, 2018] and directed by Barnabás Tóth, winner of several film festivals and shortlisted for Academy Awards in 2019. Subtitling is considered to be a form of rewriting, requiring text reduction through condensation, reformulation, and omission at word and/or sentence level (Díaz Cintas–Remael 2007). Following the theoretical considerations regarding the linguistic aspects of subtitling and its strategies, the paper discusses several aspects of rendering the Hungarian dialogue in the form of English subtitles, such as forms of address, informal expressions, and culture-specific elements. Finally, the analysis aims to highlight the possibilities of making Hungarian humour available in English.
Plain Language in Law in Hungary
Authors: Vinnai Edina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Plain language movement has a long history and has achieved significant changes in the USA and in many European countries. However, the situation is not as good as that in Hungary, especially in the field of law. As a researcher in two empirical “law and language” projects in Hungary since 2000, the author presents her experiences gained during preparing and analysing tape recordings of police interrogations and court hearings as regards comprehension of legal language. The paper focuses especially on the understandability of providing information on the rights and obligations of laymen in legal procedures given by legal professionals. It also summarizes the recent changes in Hungarian legal regulations providing a better understanding of rights and obligations (partly based on the 2012/13/ EU Directive on the right to information in criminal proceedings). As regards the practice of adjudication, the paper compares the way of providing information to laymen before and after the modification of legal norms. Two positive examples can be mentioned: (1) a few years ago, a group of legal and linguistic experts prepared a so-called Stylebook with recommendations to improve the structure and wordings of court verdicts, and (2) within the framework of a project called The Year of Comprehensibility at Courts, 2017 the improvement of comprehensible communication was integrated into an obligatory training for judges.
Some Aspects of Language Planning in the Scandinavian Countries.
Authors: Kelemen Attila 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study deals with language planning and language policy in the Scandinavian countries and aims to sketch their peculiarities. The investigation is both diachronic und synchronic, using the historical-comparative method and making use of the research results of linguistic disciplines as language history, sociolinguistics, etc. Language planning and language policy in the Scandinavian countries are very powerful. In spite of the strong resemblances between the Scandinavian languages and the strong pan-Scandinavian tendencies, the language planning and the linguistic policy of each individual Scandinavian country show differing tendencies. Most consequently, language planning is carried out in Iceland. In Icelandic, purism has gone the furthest. Danish is the most conservative language, but it is also most tolerant towards the foreign words.
Fabrication and Characterisation of ZnO Thin Film by Sol–Gel Technique
Authors: Benramache Said 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We investigated the structural and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film as the n-type semiconductor. In this work, the sol–gel method used to fabricate ZnO thin film on glass substrate with 0.5 mol/l of zinc acetate dehydrates. The crystals quality of the thin film analyzed by X-ray diffraction and the optical transmittance was carried out by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The DRX analyses indicated that ZnO film have polycrystalline nature and hexagonal wurtzite structure with (002) preferential orientation and the measured average crystallite size of ZnO of 207.9 nm. The thin film exhibit average optical transparency about 90 %, in the visible region, found that optical band gap energy was 3.282 eV, the Urbach energy also was calculated from optical transmittance to optimal value is 196.7 meV.
Analytical formulas and measurement technique for the built-in potential of practical semiconductor junctions
Authors: Cristea Miron 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Based on Gauss’ law for the electric field, new formulas were deduced, that enable for the first time the writing of an analytical formula of the built-in potential of implanted and diffused semiconductor junctions. Consequently, in this work is devised a measurement technique for the built-in potential of such junctions. Such measurement is useful because new semiconductor materials besides silicon are more and more used today, like silicon-carbide (SiC) and gallium-nitride (GaN), which have larger bandgap and junction built-in potential. Finding the built-in potential helps adjusting the computer assisted design (CAD) tools and validates the simulation of such wide-bandgap devices.
The current status of orchard meadows in Central Europe: Multi-source area estimation in Saxony (Germany) and the Czech Republic
Authors: Forejt Michal , Syrbe Ralf-Uwe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Orchard meadows are appreciated as an integrated land use of high cultural and biological value. While such meadows are typical habitats for temperate Europe, they experienced a decline in their total area during the second half of the 20th century, both in Western and Eastern Europe. In this contribution, we compare their current area and status in terms of semantics, law, public support in general, and the efficiency of public support in both Saxony and the Czech Republic. We estimated the area in Saxony on the basis of three public mapping projects. In the Czech Republic, where no recent mapping included orchard meadows as a specific land-use type, we carried out our own mapping. Hence, we mapped 124 randomly selected plots of 1 km2. To cross-reference results from both countries, we used the pan-EU project LUCAS (Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey). According to various different sources, the orchard meadows cover 0.09–0.55% of Saxony and 0.01–0.72% of the Czech Republic. Interestingly, the results of the three mapping projects conducted in Saxony vary from each other. Although orchard meadows are supported by financial incentives of the respective governments in both countries, the Saxon approach concentrating more on individual activities (sanitation of old trees, planting, grassland management), seems more focused than the single measure practised in the Czech Republic. One key to a greater public awareness of the orchard meadow problematic can lie in the promotion of a simple expression referring to this specific landscape feature in Czech, similar to the phrase common in the German language: ‘Streuobstwiese’. Our suggestion for the Czech language is: ‘luční sad’.