bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blocking VCAM-1 inhibits pancreatic tumour progression and cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism
Authors: Sano Makoto , Takahashi Ryota , Ijichi Hideaki , Ishigaki Kazunaga , Yamada Tomoharu , Miyabayashi Koji , Kimura Gen , Mizuno Suguru , Kato Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Hiroaki , Nakatsuka Takuma , Tanaka Yasuo , Kim Jinsuk , Masugi Yohei , Morishita Yasuyuki , Tanaka Mariko , Ushiku Tetsuo , Nakai Yousuke , Tateishi Keisuke , Ishii Yukimoto , Isayama Hiroyuki , Moses Harold L , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest cancer. Cancer-associated thrombosis/thromboembolism (CAT), frequently observed in PDAC, is known as a poor prognostic factor. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms between PDAC and CAT, and performed a trial of therapeutic approach for PDAC using a genetically engineered mouse model, PKF (Ptf1acre/+;LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox).DesignPresence of CAT in PKF mice was detected by systemic autopsy. Plasma cytokines were screened by cytokine antibody array. Murine and human plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were determined by ELISA. Distribution of VCAM-1 in PKF mice and human autopsy samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. PKF mice were treated with anti-VCAM-1 antibody and the effects on survival, distribution of CAT and the tumour histology were analysed.ResultsWe found spontaneous CAT with cardiomegaly in 68.4% PKF mice. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 was observed in PKF mice and PDAC patients with CAT. VCAM-1 was detected in the activated endothelium and thrombi. Administration of anti-VCAM-1 antibody to PKF mice inhibited tumour growth, neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, tumour angiogenesis and progression of CAT; moreover, it dramatically extended survival (from 61 to 253 days, p<0.01).ConclusionBlocking VCAM-1/sVCAM-1 might be a potent therapeutic approach for PDAC as well as CAT, which can contribute to the prognosis. Increase of plasma ANP and sVCAM-1 might be a diagnostic approach for CAT in PDAC.
Effect of IBD medications on COVID-19 outcomes: results from an international registry
Authors: Ungaro Ryan C , Brenner Erica J , Gearry Richard B , Kaplan Gilaad G , Kissous-Hunt Michele , Lewis James D , Ng Siew C , Rahier Jean-Francois , Reinisch Walter , Steinwurz Flávio , Underwood Fox E , Zhang Xian , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Kappelman Michael D 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate COVID-19 clinical course in patients with IBD treated with different medication classes and combinations.DesignSurveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) is a large, international registry created to monitor outcomes of IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19. We used multivariable regression with a generalised estimating equation accounting for country as a random effect to analyse the association of different medication classes with severe COVID-19, defined as intensive care unit admission, ventilator use and/or death.Results1439 cases from 47 countries were included (mean age 44.1 years, 51.4% men) of whom 112 patients (7.8%) had severe COVID-19. Compared with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist monotherapy, thiopurine monotherapy (adjusted OR (aOR) 4.08, 95% CI 1.73 to 9.61) and combination therapy with TNF antagonist and thiopurine (aOR 4.01, 95% CI 1.65 to 9.78) were associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19. Any mesalamine/sulfasalazine compared with no mesalamine/sulfasalazine use was associated with an increased risk (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.29). This risk estimate increased when using TNF antagonist monotherapy as a reference group (aOR 3.52, 95% CI 1.93 to 6.45). Interleukin-12/23 and integrin antagonists were not associated with significantly different risk than TNF antagonist monotherapy (aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.12 to 8.06 and aOR 2.42, 95% CI 0.59 to 9.96, respectively).ConclusionCombination therapy and thiopurines may be associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19. No significant differences were observed when comparing classes of biologicals. These findings warrant confirmation in large population-based cohorts.MKH should be changed to MDK for co-last author line
Multiple arterial coronary bypass grafting is associated with greater survival in women
Authors: Tam Derrick Y , Rocha Rodolfo V , Fang Jiming , Ouzounian Maral , Chikwe Joanna , Lawton Jennifer , Ko Dennis T , Austin Peter C , Gaudino Mario , Fremes Stephen E 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveMultiple arterial grafting (MAG) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with higher survival and freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in observational studies of mostly men. It is not known whether MAG is beneficial in women. Our objectives were to compare the long-term clinical outcomes of MAG versus single arterial grafting (SAG) in women undergoing CABG for multivessel disease.MethodsClinical and administrative databases for Ontario, Canada, were linked to obtain all women with angiographic evidence of left main, triple or double vessel disease undergoing isolated non-emergent primary CABG from 2008 to 2019. 1:1 propensity score matching was performed. Late mortality and MACCE (composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularisation and death) were compared between the matched groups with a stratified log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazards model.Results2961 and 7954 women underwent CABG with MAG and SAG, respectively, for multivessel disease. Prior to propensity-score matching, compared with SAG, those who underwent MAG were younger (66.0 vs 68.9 years) and had less comorbidities. After propensity-score matching, in 2446 well-matched pairs, there was no significant difference in 30-day mortality (1.6% vs 1.8%, p=0.43) between MAG and SAG. Over a median and maximum follow-up of 5.0 and 11.0 years, respectively, MAG was associated with greater survival (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.98) and freedom from MACCE (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.95).ConclusionsMAG was associated with greater survival and freedom from MACCE and should be considered for women with good life expectancy requiring CABG.
The contribution of changes to tax and social security to stalled life expectancy trends in Scotland: a modelling study
Authors: Richardson Elizabeth , Taulbut Martin , Robinson Mark , Pulford Andrew , McCartney Gerry 
Published: October 2020

Background
Life expectancy (LE) improvements have stalled, and UK tax and welfare ‘reforms’ have been proposed as a cause. We estimated the effects of tax and welfare reforms from 2010/2011 to 2021/2022 on LE and inequalities in LE in Scotland.

Methods
We applied a published estimate of the cumulative income impact of the reforms to the households within Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles. We estimated the impact on LE by applying a rate ratio for the impact of income on mortality rates (by age group, sex and SIMD quintile) and calculating the difference between inflation-only changes in benefits and the reforms.

Results
We estimated that changes to household income resulting from the reforms would result in an additional 1041 (+3.7%) female deaths and 1013 (+3.8%) male deaths. These deaths represent an estimated reduction of female LE from 81.6 years to 81.2 years (−20 weeks), and male LE from 77.6 years to 77.2 years (−23 weeks). Cuts to benefits and tax credits were modelled to have the most detrimental impact on LE, and these were estimated to be most severe in the most deprived areas. The modelled impact on inequalities in LE was widening of the gap between the most and least deprived 20% of areas by a further 21 weeks for females and 23 weeks for males.

Interpretation
This study provides further evidence that austerity, in the form of cuts to social security benefits, is likely to be an important cause of stalled LE across the UK.
Trauma and depressive symptomatology in middle-aged persons at high risk of dementia: the PREVENT Dementia Study
Authors: Ritchie Karen , Carrière Isabelle , Gregory Sarah , Watermeyer Tam , Danso Samuel , Su Li , Ritchie Craig W , O'Brien John T 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveDepression and trauma are associated with changes in brain regions implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. The present study examined associations between childhood trauma, depression, adult cognitive functioning and risk of dementia.MethodsData from 378 participants in the PREVENT Dementia Study aged 40–59 years. Linear and logistic models were used to assess associations between childhood trauma, depression, dementia risk, cognitive test scores and hippocampal volume.ResultsChildhood trauma was associated with depression and reduced hippocampal volume but not current cognitive function or dementia risk. Poorer performance on a delayed face/name recall task was associated with depression. Childhood trauma was associated with lower hippocampal volume however poorer cognitive performance was mediated by depression rather than structural brain differences.ConclusionDepressive symptomatology may be associated with dementia risk via multiple pathways, and future studies should consider subtypes of depressive symptomatology when examining its relationship to dementia.
Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block for total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Hansen Christian , Dam Mette , Nielsen Martin Vedel , Tanggaard Katrine B , Poulsen Troels Dirch , Bendtsen Thomas Fichtner , Børglum Jens 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe population of patients scheduled for total laparoscopic hysterectomy at our surgical center is heterogeneous concerning a multitude of demographic variables such as age, collateral surgery and malign or benign pathogenesis. A common denominator is moderate to severe postoperative pain and a substantial opioid consumption. A recent procedure specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) review found no gain from the regional techniques included. The transmuscular quadratus lumborum (TQL) block has shown promising results in recent trials for other types of surgery. The aim of the current study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided TQL block for total laparoscopic hysterectomy.MethodsWe enrolled 70 patients and randomly allocated participants to preoperative bilateral ultrasound-guided TQL block with either 60 mL 0.375% ropivacaine or 60 mL isotonic saline. Preoperatively, all patients received the TQL block (active or placebo) as well as a standardized multimodal analgesic regimen consisting of oral paracetamol, ibuprofen and dexamethasone. Intraoperatively, intravenous sufentanil 0.2 µg/kg was administered 30 min prior to emergence.Primary outcomeOpioid consumption during the first 12 postoperative hours.Secondary outcomesPain scores, times to first opioid demand and first ambulation, nausea and vomiting, and total opioid consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours.ResultsNo significant intergroup differences were observed for any outcome. Mean (SD) oral morphine equivalent consumption the first 12 postoperative hours was 58.4 mg (48.3) vs 62.9 mg (48.5), p=0.70, for group ropivacaine versus group saline.ConclusionPreoperative bilateral ultrasound-guided TQL block did not reduce opioid consumption after total laparoscopic hysterectomy.Trial registration numbersNCT 03650998, EudraCT (2017-004593-34).
Liverpool Lung Project lung cancer risk stratification model: calibration and prospective validation
Authors: Field John K , Vulkan Daniel , Davies Michael P A , Duffy Stephen W , Gabe Rhian 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEarly detection of lung cancer saves lives, as demonstrated by the two largest published low-dose CT screening trials. Optimal implementation depends on our ability to identify those most at risk.MethodsVersion 2 of the Liverpool Lung Project risk score (LLPv2) was developed from case-control data in Liverpool and further adapted when applied for selection of subjects for the UK Lung Screening Trial. The objective was to produce version 3 (LLPv3) of the model, by calibration to national figures for 2017. We validated both LLPv2 and LLPv3 using questionnaire data from 75 958 individuals, followed up for lung cancer over 5 years. We validated both discrimination, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and absolute incidence, by comparing deciles of predicted incidence with observed incidence. We calculated proportionate difference as the percentage excess or deficit of observed cancers compared with those predicted. We also carried out Hosmer-Lemeshow tests.ResultsThere were 599 lung cancers diagnosed over 5 years. The discrimination of both LLPv2 and LLPv3 was significant with an area under the ROC curve of 0.81 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.82). However, LLPv2 overestimated absolute risk in the population. The proportionate difference was −58.3% (95% CI −61.6% to −54.8%), that is, the actual number of cancers was only 42% of the number predicted.In LLPv3, calibrated to national 2017 figures, the proportionate difference was −22.0% (95% CI −28.1% to −15.5%).ConclusionsWhile LLPv2 and LLPv3 have the same discriminatory power, LLPv3 improves the absolute lung cancer risk prediction and should be considered for use in further UK implementation studies.
Cigarettes smoked among daily and non-daily smokers following CVS Health’s tobacco-free pharmacy policy
Authors: Phillips Aryn Z , Ahern Jennifer A , Kerr William C , Rodriguez Hector P 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionIn September 2014, CVS Health ceased tobacco sales in all of its 7700 pharmacies nationwide. We investigate the impact of the CVS policy on the number of cigarettes smoked per day among metropolitan daily and non-daily smokers, who may respond to the availability of smoking cues in different manners.MethodsData are from the US Census Bureau Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey 2014–2015 and the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Institute Community Health Management Hub. Adjusted difference-in-difference (DID) regressions assess changes in the number of cigarettes smoked per day among daily smokers (n=10 759) and non-daily smokers (n=3055), modelling core-based statistical area (CBSA) level CVS pharmacy market share continuously. To assess whether the policy had non-linear effects across the distribution of CVS market share, we also examine market share using tertiles.ResultsCVS’s tobacco-free pharmacy policy was associated with a significant reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked by non-daily smokers in the continuous DID (rate ratio=0.985, p=0.022), with a larger reduction observed among non-daily smokers in CBSAs in the highest third of CVS market share compared with those living in CBSAs with no CVS presence (rate ratio=0.706, p=0.027). The policy, however, was not significantly associated with differential changes in the number of cigarettes by daily smokers.ConclusionThe removal of tobacco products from CVS pharmacies was associated with a reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day among non-daily smokers in metropolitan CBSAs, particularly those in which CVS had a large pharmacy market share.
Experimental investigation on post-processed NiCr thermal barrier coating and its sliding wear behaviour
Authors: Srinivasan V. , Karuppuswamy P. , Velmurugan T. , Priyadharshini G. Suganya 
Published: October 2020

NiCr metal is deposited on martensitic stainless steel using an atmospheric plasma spray method. To enrich the metallurgical properties of the NiCr metallic coating, a standard heat treatment process is adopted. From the investigation, it has been shown that the voids and porosity developed during the thermal spray have been controlled through heat treatment. Electron image analysis reveals that the coating has reduced porosity with strong and dense bonding strength. With reference to the surface hardness, the post-processed coating yields a maximum of 140 Hv compared with the coated (129 Hv) and base metal (115 Hv). Subsequently, the sliding wear behaviour of post-processed NiCr coating has a minimum wear of 25 μm for an applied load of 5 N and 57 μm for an applied load of 15 N. Owing to the high metallurgical bonding, the coating has sustained the heavy loads, and the wear formation is controlled. However, the base metal has an adhesive wear mechanism caused by the high frictional force on the sliding friction. Therefore, it is recommended that post-processed thermal barrier coatings possess good metallurgical bonding and withstand heavy load causing minimum wear.
Generalised radiating fields in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Brassel Byron P. , Maharaj Sunil D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA five-dimensional spherically symmetric generalised radiating field is studied in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. We assume the matter distribution is an extended Vaidya-like source and the resulting Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet field equations are solved for the matter variables and mass function. The evolution of the mass, energy density and pressure are then studied within the spacetime manifold. The effects of the higher order curvature corrections of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity are prevalent in the analysis of the mass function when compared to general relativity. The effects of diffusive transport are then considered and we derive the specific equation for which diffusive behaviour is possible. Gravitational collapse is then considered and we show that collapse ends with a weak and conical singularity for the generalised source, which is not the case in Einstein gravity.
The Stummer’s Racerunner (Eremias stummeri Wettstein, 1940) does occur in Northwest China
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Dujsebayeva Tatjana N. , Chirikova Marina A. , Song Qi , Gong Xiong , Guo Xianguang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The status of Eremias stummeri in China has been a matter of controversy for over two decades, although it is well acknowledged that this species occurs in Northeast Kyrgyzstan and Southeast Kazakhstan. To date, whether its occurrence extends to the adjacent Chinese region (possibly in the Ily River Valley) has not been confirmed yet. To overcome constraints on field surveys imposed by the region’s remoteness and rugged terrain, we targeted areas of further field inventories by estimating the potential distribution of the species. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) enabled us to predict a continuous distribution area from Kazakhstan to the Chinese part of the Ily River Valley in Zhaosu county for the species’ occurrence. We conducted extensive field surveys in the predicted area. In 2017, for the first time, the occurrence of E. stummeri in China was confirmed with a single find in Zhaosu county. Further morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses congruently supported the taxonomic status of the recently discovered population as E. stummeri. In contrast to its distribution continuity between Kazakhstan and China, the ENM indicates distribution discontinuity between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. This geographic distribution pattern of E. stummeri is supported by morphological and molecular evidence, which highlights that individuals from China and Kazakhstan are more closely related to each other than to those from Kyrgyzstan. The mismatch between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogeographic pattern implies that historical mitochondrial introgression occurred from E. stummeri individuals from Kyrgyzstan to those from Kazakhstan.
Age, growth and survival rate in two populations of Darevskia derjugini (Nikolsky, 1898) from different altitudes (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae)
Authors: Altunışık Abdullah , Eksilmez Halit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigated age structure, age at sexual maturity, lifespan, growth and survival rate and adult life expectancy (as demographic life-history traits) as well as body size of two Darevskia derjugini (Artvin lizard) populations from different altitudes, using skeletochronology. Our findings indicated that age upon attaining sexual maturity was two or three years in the low-altitude population (Fındıklı) while it was three years in the high-altitude population (Murgul) for both sexes. The maximum longevity was seven years in the high-elevation site while it was six years in the low-elevation site. As reported for many lizards, we found a significant positive relationship between age and body size within each sex of Artvin lizard at both altitudes. High- and low-altitude populations did not differ in age structure, survival rates, adult life expectancy and body size. Rather than the effect of altitude, which is hard to compare without replication of other low and high altitude populations, the fact that these two populations have similar growth rates and the similarity of local conditions (food availability and predator density) may indicate similarity between the two regions.
Inclusive or Elusive Housing? Homeownership among Muslims in Norway
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Azeem 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Norway has a unique political focus on homeownership as a key to welfare and happiness. “Eierlinja” in Norwegian housing policy aims for a very high rate of homeownership leading to social integration of the communities enabling them as active citizens. Paradoxically, Muslim immigrants are 43%-93% less likely to own a house compared with non-immigrants, resulting in a potential increase in marginalisation of the groups who do not own their own home. To bridge this gap, we advocate a two-dimensional intervention. First, policy intervention that helps these communities to attain homeownership and, second, policy intervention that helps improve their social outcomes.
Fire, Prayer, and Purification
Authors: Yagi Tōru 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Kyoto is home to a number of unique year-end festivals. This article focuses on traditions that occur during Shimotsuki and Shiwasu (the eleventh and twelfth months of the old Japanese lunisolar calendar), including the fire festivals of O-hitaki, Niinamesai, and Daikondaki; events that celebrate visiting deities, such as Daishikō; and purification rites of Shintō, Buddhist, and folk tradition, such as Kakure nenbutsu, Butsumyōe, and Sekizoro. Analysis and comparison of these rituals reveals a common motivation for their origin. As the power of the sun wanes with the winter solstice, the people of Kyoto in the past felt a need to reflect on the previous year, cleanse themselves of accumulated sin and misfortune, and pray that the coming year would bring peace, fortune, and a fertile harvest.
The Role of Immigrants in the ‘Take-Offs’ of Eastern European ‘Manchesters’. Comparative Case Studies of Three Cities: Lodz, Tampere and Ivanovo
Authors: Kowalski Kamil , Matera Rafał , Sokołowicz Mariusz E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article, we identify the institutional offers for emigrants and evaluate the role of immigrants during the industrial revolution in the nineteenth-century history of three cities (once labelled ‘Manchesters’) from different parts of the Russian Empire. The dynamic growth of these cities was based on the textile industry but also depended largely on newcomers and highly mobile and entrepreneurial citizens. We show the key institutional factors that accelerated the immigrants’ mobility to these Eastern European ‘Manchesters’ and made their role in urban development crucial. We claim the textile industry and institutional conditions for newcomers were prerequisites, but the entrepreneurship of a large number of immigrants proved crucial in these cities.