bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Teknik Menumpu Lompat Jauh Gaya Menggantung Dengan Menggunakan Metode Bermain Pada Siswa Kelas VIII A MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember
Authors: Ahmad Bahriyanto  
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan siswa pada lompat jauh gaya menggantung khususnya pada teknik menumpu dengan menggunakan metode bermain pada siswa kelas VIII A MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas. Pelaksanaan tindakan kelas ini dilakukan melalui dua siklus dimana tiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) observasi, (4) refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII A MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pada keterampilan menumpu siswa selama mengikuti pembelajaran lompat jauh gaya menggantung dari siklus ke siklus. Pada siklus 1 dari aspek ketepatan kaki pada papan tumpu yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 52,51%, aspek posisi badan yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 67,77%, aspek gerakan tumpuan kaki tumpu pada papan tumpu yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 90,90%, dan pada aspek ayunan kaki dan lengan yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 57,57%. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan terhadap penguasaan keterampilan lompat jauh gaya menggantung khususnya pada teknik menumpu yang terlihat dari perbandingan hasil pre-test yang dilaksanakan pada saat sebelum tindakan dengan hasil post-test yang diberikan pada akhir tindakan. Untuk hasil dari siklus 2 juga menunjukkan peningkatan penguasaan keterampilan lompat jauh gaya menggantung khususnya pada teknik menumpu dengan masing masing taraf keberhasilan dari aspek menumpu diantaranya, dari aspek ketepatan kaki pada papan tumpu yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 93,94%, aspek posisi badan yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 100%, aspek gerakan tumpuan kaki tumpu pada papan tumpu yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 100%, dan pada aspek ayunan kaki dan lengan yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 96,97%. Selain hasil persentasi mengenai teknik menumpu pada lompat jauh gaya menggantung diperoleh pula hasil pengamatan sikap siswa pada saat proses pembelajaran, pada siklus 1 siswa melakukan pemanasan sendiri tanpa didampingi oleh guru, siswa yang terlambat tidak ditegur oleh guru, dan siswa tidak memperhatikan penjelasan guru saat guru menjelaskan. Namun pada siklus 2 sudah terlihat peningkatan yang cukup baik dibandingkan dengan siklus 1, pada siklus 2 ini sudah tidak ada siswa yang terlambat, siswa melakukan proses belajar dengan baik, dan siswa sudah menguasai keterampilan menumpu dengan baik dan benar.
A Descriptive Study on Reading Comprehension on Descriptive Text of The Seventh Grade Students at SMP Negeri 2 Rogojampi in The Academic Year 2013/2014
Authors: Irawati Irawati 
Published: October 2019

The main purpose of conducting this research was to measure how far the reading comprehension in descriptive text of the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Rogojampi in academic year 2013/2014. There are three indicators in this research. Those are comprehending words, comprehending sentences, and comprehending paragraphs.
In this research, the researcher used descriptive quantitative research. The data was in the form of student’s reading comprehension score. The instrument that is used in this research is a test. The kind of the test that used is multiple choice test. There are 20 items in the test covering identifying synonym, identifying reference, comprehending sentences, identifying main idea, and identifying the topic. The score for each item is 5 and the maximal score is 100.
From the data analysis of the research findings and discussions, the researcher found the minimum score is 50 and the maximum score is 95. The average or mean of student’s reading comprehension score is 75.98%. It was in the range between71–80. It means that in general, the student’s reading comprehension on descriptive text was good. The students’ reading comprehension on descriptive text in comprehending words was 81.2%. It was in the range between 81 – 90. It can be said that the students reading comprehension in comprehending words was very good. The students’ reading comprehension on descriptive text in comprehending sentences was 81.5%. It was in the range between81–90. It can be said that the students reading comprehension in comprehending sentences was very good. The students’ reading comprehension on descriptive text in comprehending paragraphs was 63.9%. It was in the range between61–70. It can be said that the students reading comprehension in comprehending paragraphs was more than enough.
There are some suggestion given to the English teacher, the students and the other researcher. (1) The teacher should use the information about their student’s reading comprehension on descriptive text as reflection to overcome their student’s problems. The English teacher should find an effective way on their teaching learning process to increase the student’s reading achievement. (2) The students should learn more about reading comprehension, especially in comprehending words, comprehending sentences, and comprehending paragraphs. (3) For the other researcher, it can be used as the basic for conducting experimental research or classroom action research to solve the student’s reading comprehension problems, especially for comprehending paragraphs.
The Correlation between Reading Comprehension and Students’ Ability in Answering Cloze Test of The Seventh Grade Students at SMP N 1 Kalipuro Banyuwangi in The 2014/2015 Academic Year
Authors: Piyani Piyani 
Published: October 2019

Reading comprehension is a process of comprehending meaning from a text. In reading process, especially about English text, the readers can enrich their vocabulary and their knowledge. Reading also can increase their experience because the reader know about a new information which do not know before. Reading comprehension is important for student. Because reading comprehension can give them some idea for written. In reading comprehension process they imagine about the contain of the text and they can retell about the text in form of written. In this thesis, the researcher held a research about the correlation study between reading comprehension and students’ ability in answering cloze test of the seventh grade students at SMPN 1 Kalipuro Banyuwangi in the 2014/2015 Academic Year. The objective of this research is to investigate correlation between reading comprehension and students’ ability in answering cloze test.
the data of the research collected by test, the researcher used essay test to collect score of reading comprehension and cloze test. The determination of the respondent Population of this research was taken from the Seventh years students at SMPN 1 Kalipuro Banyuwangi in the 2014/2015 academic year. They are 37 students as the research sample which was taken by using cluster random sampling. Based on the result of the data analysis of product moment formula, it can be known the statistical value of correlation coefficient is higher than the “r” table. That is 0,59 > 0,325. It indicated that there was correlation between reading comprehension and students’ ability in answering cloze test. And the level of correlation between reading comprehension and students’ ability base on the result of statistical formula in answering cloze test was enough
An Analysis of Translation Procedures of Noun Phrases in Carlo Collodi’s Novel Entitled “Pinocchio”
Authors: Anggraini Nurul 
Published: October 2019

This research is conducted to identify the noun phrase and its types in Carlo Collodi’s novel entitled Pinoccio as well as procedures used to translate them in the translation version entitled Pinokio which was translated by Wiwin Indiarti.
The data of this descriptive qualitative research are noun phrases found in the novel and their translation in Indonesian. Documentation is used to collect the data. Meanwhile, content analysis method is applied for analyzing data in relation to their contexts.
The result of this research shows that there are 5.283 noun phrases in chapter 1 to chapter 36 of Pinochio novel. It is also found that there are 3 types of noun phrase. They are: 1) noun phrase type I which is identified as Modifier + Head (M+H) with 2.985 data, 2) noun phrase type II which is identified as Head + Modifier (M+H) with 425 data, and 3) noun phrase type III which is identified as Modifier + Head + Modifier (M+H) with 1.873 data.
Furthermore, the translator used eleven translation procedures to translate noun phrases proposed by Newmark. Those procedures are 1) translation by Transference with frequency of 93 data (1.8%), 2) translation by Naturalization with frequancy of 102 data (2.1%), 3) translation by Cultural Equivalent with frequency of 308 data (6.2%), 4) translation by Functional Equivalent with frequancy of 97 data (1.9%) translation by Componential Analysis with frequancy of 773 data (14.7%), 6) translation by Synonymy with frequancy of 738 data (14.9%), 7) translation by Through-translation with frequancy of 1.205 data (24.3%), 8) translation by Shift or Transposition with frequancy of 792 data (17%), 9) translation by Compensation with frequancy of 438 data (8%). 10 translation by Couplets with frequency 173 (3.4%), and 11) translation by Modulation with frequency 43 (1%).
It can be concluded that the translator often used Through translation procedure to translate noun phrases into Indonesian. It was used because she wants to deliver the message of the text as natural as possible
Como se faz filosofia? Contribuições de uma perspectiva histórica e fenomenológica
Authors: Dettoni Josenir Lopes , Dettoni Lenir Lopes , Carrelli Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2019

Tendo a investigação filosófica como tema deste artigo, sustentamos inicialmente uma relação íntima entre objeto e método em Filosofia. Mais do que paralelos, evidenciamos que ambos andam associados, ou seja, de acordo com o método será o objeto; e de acordo com o objeto será o método. Após uma breve introdução, tratamos de mostrar isso, historicamente, na segunda parte do artigo, em que abordamos Como se fez Filosofia. Fazemos uma rápida revisão das filosofias que tivemos. Desde os pré-socráticos, duas grandes linhas de pensamento filosófico se estruturam e se desenvolvem ao longo da vida ocidental. Uma de Parmênides ao Neotomismo contemporâneo, outra de Heráclito ao Marxismo contemporâneo. Uma filosofia do ser e outra do vir-aser, uma da Tradição, outra da Revolução. O que importa no nosso caso é perceber nitidamente que o método dialético, filho de Heráclito, está ligado à concepção da realidade como envolvente; e o método parmenídico à concepção da realidade como permanente. Evidenciamos também que, dos pré-socráticos até os racionalistas, a realidade objetiva era considerada objeto da Filosofia. Com o racionalismo e o criticismo, a subjetividade passa a ser objeto da Filosofia e o método o racional crítico. Por sua vez, com o racional criticismo não satisfazendo a necessidade humana de busca do sentido da vida, cria-se um novo método; surge a fenomenologia. Já na terceira parte do artigo, Como se faz uma Filosofia, tomamos como exemplo a corrente fenomenológica, que entende o homem como ser intencional. Seguindo esse caminho, finalizamos o artigo sustentando que, para fazermos Filosofia, temos que escutar o ser, dialogar com o ser e dizer o sentido da realidade. É neste escutar o ser e dizer seu sentido que surge o valor da vida.
A condição pós-universalista e o alcance da fundamentação
Authors: Danner Leno Francisco , Danner Fernando , Bavaresco Agemir 
Published: October 2019

A partir da reconstrução do modelo normativo de modernidade cultural europeia idealizado por Habermas como base de sua teoria da modernidade, criticamos sua proposta de colocar esse modelo normativo de modernidade cultural europeia como paradigma epistemológico-moral universalista e como projeto integrativo cosmopolita, que serviria como guarda-chuva normativo dos contextos culturais particulares. A partir do desenvolvimento do conceito de condição pós-universalista, procuraremos defender que a modernidade cultural europeia não tem condições de sustentarse como paradigma da crítica, do enquadramento e da integração válido para todos os contextos, posto que não se pode separar esse modelo idealizado de modernidade em relação à colonização travestida de racionalização cultural e levada a efeito via globalização econômico-cultural. Nosso argumento consiste em que a racionalização cultural enquanto possibilitando o universalismo, cerne do modelo normativo de modernidade cultural europeia reconstruído por Habermas, leva à assimilação e à deslegitimação dos contextos culturais particulares, considerados por ele como incapazes de gerar uma postura universalista, legitimando de maneira direta a prossecução totalizante da modernidade para além de si mesma, como juiz, guia e projeto societal superiores, exatamente devido à sua cultura descentrada e às suas estruturas de consciência moral universalistas.
DINAMIKA TAFSIR SOSIAL INDONESIA
Authors: Sunarto Sunarto 
Published: October 2019

The Qur'an is a holy book that revealed by the Most Holy. In order for the sanctity of the Qur'an to be more meaningful and relevant to (as a guide for human life, as a distinguishing between the true and the false), the Qur'an needs to be reflected in the real world. With the presence of "Social Interpretation" model, this is a step forward that needs to be appreciated, as the courage of the mufassir in annuling the Qur’an is not limited to understanding Qur’an, but rather the mufassir actualizes the Qur’an with problems of social political development. Sometimes writing point of the writer is faced with the tip of the Lord's sword. Therein the test mufassir's guts in pouring his thoughts.
Frecuencia en la presencia del Tercer Peroneo
Authors: Ortuño Carmen , Alvarez Lujan Jhonny 
Published: October 2019

El conocimiento de la anatomía del pie nos da oportunidades para diagnosticar de manera certera diversas patologías del pie, y sobre todo, para conocerlo mejor, el objetivo de éste estudio fue observar detenidamente la anatomía del músculo tercer peroneo.
El músculo tercer peroneo, es un músculo del grupo anterior de la pierna, que en la literatura actual es considerado inconstante. Observación de 100 miembros inferiores de cadáveres humanos, fijados con un componente de formol. De las 100 piezas revisadas, 34 presentaban el musculo tercer peroneo. Discusión: El músculo tercer peroneo está presente en el 34% con carácter constante. Al contrario de la bibliografía revisada, que afirma, en su mayoría, que el músculo es inconstante.
Accidentes por quemaduras en edad pediátrica
Authors: Quiroga Cuellar Juan Pablo , Lafuente Lafuente Luis Alejandro , Rorigues Correia Tarciso Rusivel , Meireles Salomao Gustavo , Chacon Paco Lizeth 
Published: October 2019

Los accidentes por quemaduras en la edad pediátrica son un problema de salud pública, de alta morbimortalidad, si no son manejados adecuadamente pueden dejar secuelas invalidantes, el objetivo del fue identificar la incidencia de los accidentes por quemaduras según el sexo, edad, causa, y la gravedad. Se revisó 332 historias clínicas de pacientes ingresados en año 2017 al servicio especializado de quemados del Hospital del Niño Manuel Ascencio Villarroel del complejo Hospitalario Viedma, en el departamento de Cochabamba / Bolivia. La incidencia es de 175 niños (53%), y 157 niñas (47%). Según los grupos etarios fue de 1 a 5 años con 215 (65%), 5 a 10 años con 69 (21%), menores de un año es de 29 (9%) y mayores de 10 años con 19 (5%). Las causas fueron por líquidos calientes 215 (65%), contacto directo con fuego 62 (19%), objetos calientes 27 (8%), electricidad 20 (6%) y 1 por quemadura por químicos. La gravedad presento siguientes resultados: el grado A: leve 8 (2%), Moderado 0, Grave 0, Critico 1 (0%). El AB: leve 109 (33%), Moderado 125 (38%), Grave 60 (18%), Critico 9 (3%) y el B: leve 4 (1%), Moderado 13 (4%), Grave 3 (1%), Critico 0. Estos datos se relacionan con otros trabajos que se realizaron en otros países.
Conflictos de InteresesLos autores declaramos no tener conflictos de interés para el presente estudio.
Frecuencia del consumo de drogas y la influencia para consumirlas en estudiantes de medicina
Authors: Baina Villareal Mirtha , Marin Silva Thomaz , Domingues Pereira Daiane , Alvarez Lujan Jhonny , Saravia Maria Del Carmen 
Published: October 2019

Se ha incrementado el consumo de drogas en determinados grupos sociales, entre ellos los estudiantes de medicina, el objetivo del presente estudio es, establecer la Frecuencia de estudiantes que consumen drogas y la influencia para consumirlas en la carrera de medicina de la Universidad Técnica Cosmos UNITEPC. Cochabamba - Bolivia. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo, observacional y transversal, la población en estudio estuvo constituida por 428 estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron, consumo de marihuana 3%, y cocaína 1.4%. Y que el 23 % fueron influenciados para iniciar a consumir drogas. La Frecuencia del consumo de drogas ilícitas varia de una universidad a otra, como se puede ver en varios estudios, y los estudiantes de medicina son el grupo más influenciados para el consumo de drogas.
Conflictos de InteresesLos autores declaramos no tener conflictos de interés para el presente estudio.
Posición del cuerpo de la víctima en el lugar de los hechos
Authors: Carvajal Oviedo Hugo Eduardo , Chambi Cahuana Gladys Betty , Sakuma Calatayud Erika , Cáceres Gonzales Paola Mariana , Tiñini Rufino Marisabel 
Published: October 2019

Los cuerpos sin vida adoptan siempre una posición final con la que son encontrados en el lugar de los hechos. En este artículo se describen las distintas posiciones cadavéricas, para especificar el tipo de posición cadavérica se toma como base el plano horizontal del cuerpo, denominándose decúbito, entre las posiciones cadavéricas tenemos: decúbito dorsal, decúbito ventral o prono, decúbito lateral derecho, decúbito lateral izquierdo, posición en rana, posición geno/cubital, posición geno/pectoral, posición sedente, la suspensión completa, suspensión completa invertida, suspensión incompleta, sumersión completa, sumersión incompleta, posición de roser o proetz, posición de boxeador, posición tónico- cervical asimétrico, posición fetal, posición de depage. Según la posición de las extremidades, tenemos brazos en extensión, brazos en aducción, brazos en flexión, piernas en extensión, piernas en abducción, piernas en flexión y extremidades en rotación. Las posiciones en la que un cadáver se puede encontrar por motivo de la posible comisión de un hecho delictuoso nos ayudan a determinar la probable dinámica de la muerte, ya que las posiciones cadavéricas son proclives a diferentes tipos de hechos como ser un homicidio, suicidio o que el sujeto haya sufrido un accidente ya sea por descuido o provocado por algún tercero. La posición del cadáver también es importante para determinar si el cadáver fue movido de posición y/o lugar, por lo cual el médico forense debería participar en el levantamiento del cadáver.
Conflictos de InteresesLos autores declaramos no tener conflictos de interés para el presente estudio.
TLR2 Stimulation Increases Cellular Metabolism in CD8+ T Cells and Thereby Enhances CD8+ T Cell Activation, Function, and Antiviral Activity
Authors: Zhang Ejuan , Ma Zhiyong , Li Qian , Yan Hu , Liu Jia , Wu Weimin , Guo Jiabao , Zhang Xiaoyong , Kirschning Carsten J. , Xu Haifeng , Lang Philipp A. , Yang Dongliang , Dittmer Ulf , Yan Huimin , Lu Mengji 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
TLR2 serves as a costimulatory molecule on activated T cells. However, it is unknown how the functionality and antiviral activity of CD8+ T cells are modulated by direct TLR2 signaling. In this study, we looked at the TLR2-mediated enhancement of TCR-driven CD8+ T cell activation in vitro and in woodchuck hepatitis virus transgenic mice. In vitro stimulation of CD8+ T cells purified from C57BL/6 mice showed that TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 directly enhanced the TCR-dependent CD8+ T cell activation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that TLR2 signaling increased expression of bioenergy metabolism-related genes in CD8+ T cells, such as IRF4, leading to improved glycolysis and glutaminolysis. This was associated with the upregulation of genes related to immune regulation and functions such as T-bet and IFN-γ. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis were in turn essential for the TLR2-mediated enhancement of T cell activation. Administration of TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 promoted the expansion and functionality of vaccine-primed, Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in both wild type and transgenic mice and improved viral suppression. Thus, TLR2 could promote CD8+ T cell immunity through regulating the energy metabolism.
Functional Characterization of CD11c+ Age-Associated B Cells as Memory B Cells
Authors: Du Samuel W. , Arkatkar Tanvi , Al Qureshah Fahd , Jacobs Holly M. , Thouvenel Christopher D. , Chiang Kristy , Largent Andrea D. , Li Quan-Zhen , Hou Baidong , Rawlings David J. , Jackson Shaun W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a unique subset of B cells defined by surface CD11b and CD11c expression. Although ABC expansion has been observed in both human and animal studies in the setting of advanced age, during humoral autoimmunity and following viral infection, the functional properties of this cellular subset remain incompletely defined. In the current study, we demonstrate that ABCs fulfill the criteria for memory B cells (MBCs), based on evidence of Ag-dependent expansion and persistence in a state poised for rapid differentiation into Ab-secreting plasma cells during secondary responses. First, we show that a majority of ABCs are not actively cycling but exhibit an extensive replication history consistent with prior Ag engagement. Second, despite unswitched surface IgM expression, ABCs show evidence of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)–dependent somatic hypermutation. Third, BCRs cloned from sorted ABCs exhibit broad autoreactivity and polyreactivity. Although the overall level of ABC self-reactivity was not increased relative to naive B cells, ABCs lacked features of functional anergy characteristic of autoreactive B cells. Fourth, ABCs express MBC surface markers consistent with being poised for rapid plasma cell differentiation during recall responses. Finally, in a murine model of viral infection, adoptively transferred CD11c+ B cells rapidly differentiated into class-switched Ab-secreting cells upon Ag rechallenge. In summary, we phenotypically and functionally characterize ABCs as IgM-expressing MBCs, findings that together implicate ABCs in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity.