bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling optimal behavioural strategies in structured populations using a novel theoretical framework
Authors: Morozov Andrew , Kuzenkov Oleg A. , Arashkevich Elena G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding complex behavioural patterns of organisms observed in nature can be facilitated using mathematical modelling. The conventional paradigm in animal behavior modelling consists of maximisation of some evolutionary fitness function. However, the definition of fitness of an organism or population is generally subjective, and using different criteria can lead us to contradictory model predictions regarding optimal behaviour. Moreover, structuring of natural populations in terms of individual size or developmental stage creates an extra challenge for theoretical modelling. Here we revisit and formalise the definition of evolutionary fitness to describe long-term selection of strategies in deterministic self-replicating systems for generic modelling settings which involve an arbitrary function space of inherited strategies. Then we show how optimal behavioural strategies can be obtained for different developmental stages in a generic von-Foerster stage-structured population model with an arbitrary mortality term. We implement our theoretical framework to explore patterns of optimal diel vertical migration (DVM) of two dominant zooplankton species in the north-eastern Black Sea. We parameterise the model using 7 years of empirical data from 2007-2014 and show that the observed DVM can be explained as the result of a trade-off between depth-dependent metabolic costs for grazers, anoxia zones, available food, and visual predation.
Macaques are risk-averse in a freely moving foraging task
Authors: Eisenreich* Benjamin R. , Hayden Benjamin Y. , Zimmermann Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) appear to be robustly risk-seeking in computerized gambling tasks typically used for electrophysiology. This behavior distinguishes them from many other animals, which are risk-averse, albeit measured in more naturalistic contexts. We wondered whether macaques’ risk preferences reflect their evolutionary history or derive from the less naturalistic elements of task design associated with the demands of physiological recording. We assessed macaques’ risk attitudes in a task that is somewhat more naturalistic than many that have previously been used: subjects foraged at four feeding stations in a large enclosure. Patches (i.e., stations), provided either stochastically or non-stochastically depleting rewards. Subjects’ patch residence times were longer at safe than at risky stations, indicating a preference for safe options. This preference was not attributable to a win-stay-lose-shift heuristic and reversed as the environmental richness increased. These findings highlight the lability of risk attitudes in macaques and support the hypothesis that the ecological validity of a task can influence the expression of risk preference.
The effect of introducing antibiotics into organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Hafeez Hassan , Jesuraj P. Justin , Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Jong Chan , Shin Jun Young , Rhee Sang Ho , Lee Won Ho , Choi Dae Keun , Cha Jun Hwan , Lee Chang Min , Kim Chul Hoon , Lamichhane Janardan , Pokhrel Anaya , Kim Tae-Su , Sohng Jae Kyung , Yun Hyung Joong , Park Jong Bae , Chung Hee-Suk , Bae Tae-Sung , Lee Sang Geul , Park Hyun-Woo , Chung Kwun-Bum , Song Aeran , Hyuk Kwon Jang , Woo Bae Hyeong , Kang Yong-Cheol , Park Juyun , Song Myungkwan , Kim Chang-Su , Yoon Ryu Seung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe quest to improve the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has led to the exploration of new materials with properties like interfacial dipole, excitons generation, and bandgap alignment. Here, we exploit these strategies by investigating the interaction of the antibiotic ampicillin with a widely used optoelectronic material, to fabricate state-of-the-art OLEDs. The charge distribution on the ampicillin molecule facilitates the generation of an interfacial dipole with a large magnitude. The optimum fusion of the two materials provides an enhanced bandgap alignment, charge balance and J/H-aggregated excitons. Values of current efficiency (120 cdA−1), external quantum efficiency (~35%) and power efficiency (70 lmW−1) are demonstrated. The cross-evaluation of performance with penicillin devices indicates the significance of ampicillin’s specific molecular structure in improving performance. The detailed investigations demonstrate that ampicillin has superior optoelectronic properties with high potential to contribute extensively in OLEDs and photovoltaics.
Searching for the largest bound atoms in space
Authors: Emig K. L. , Salas P. , de Gasperin F. , Oonk J. B. R. , Toribio M. C. , Mechev A. P. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: October 2019

Context. Radio recombination lines (RRLs) at frequencies ν <  250 MHz trace the cold, diffuse phase of the interstellar medium, and yet, RRLs have been largely unexplored outside of our Galaxy. Next-generation low-frequency interferometers such as LOFAR, MWA, and the future SKA will, with unprecedented sensitivity, resolution, and large fractional bandwidths, enable the exploration of the extragalactic RRL universe.
Aims. We describe methods used to (1) process LOFAR high band antenna (HBA) observations for RRL analysis, and (2) search spectra for RRLs blindly in redshift space.
Methods. We observed the radio quasar 3C 190 (z ≈ 1.2) with the LOFAR HBA. In reducing these data for spectroscopic analysis, we placed special emphasis on bandpass calibration. We devised cross-correlation techniques that utilize the unique frequency spacing between RRLs to significantly identify RRLs in a low-frequency spectrum. We demonstrate the utility of this method by applying it to existing low-frequency spectra of Cassiopeia A and M 82, and to the new observations of 3C 190.
Results. Radio recombination lines have been detected in the foreground of 3C 190 at z = 1.12355 (assuming a carbon origin) owing to the first detection of RRLs outside of the local universe (first reported in A&A, 622, A7). Toward the Galactic supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, we uncover three new detections: (1) stimulated Cϵ transitions (Δn = 5) for the first time at low radio frequencies, (2) Hα transitions at 64 MHz with a full width at half-maximum of 3.1 km s−1 the most narrow and one of the lowest frequency detections of hydrogen to date, and (3) Cα at vLSR ≈ 0 km s−1 in the frequency range 55–78 MHz for the first time. Additionally, we recover Cα, Cβ, Cγ, and Cδ from the −47 km s−1 and −38 km s−1 components. In the nearby starburst galaxy M 82, we do not find a significant feature. With previously used techniques, we reproduce the previously reported line properties.
Conclusions. RRLs have been blindly searched and successfully identified in Galactic (to high-order transitions) and extragalactic (to high redshift) observations with our spectral searching method. Our current searches for RRLs in LOFAR observations are limited to narrow (<100 km s−1) features, owing to the relatively small number of channels available for continuum estimation. Future strategies making use of a wider band (covering multiple LOFAR subbands) or designs with larger contiguous frequency chunks would aid calibration to deeper sensitivities and broader features.
Zusammenhangsbegutachtung von Berufskrankheiten – die Rolle des Arztes
Authors: Nowak Dennis , Brandenburg Stephan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNot every disease which relates to work qualifies as an occupational disease according to German law. As there is a legal duty for doctors to report occupational diseases, doctors should know in which case a disease fulfils the requirements to be notified as occupational disease. This article gives an introduction to the legal framework applying to occupational diseases in Germany. It describes different types of occupational diseases and the requirements for a recognition. Expert opinions given by medical experts often are necessary to determine whether a disease can be recognized as occupational disease. Medical experts examine whether a disease was caused by a specific exposure at the workplace. Occupational diseases can lead to an impairment of earning capacity. Medical experts provide help with assessing such an impairment of earning capacity. This article provides useful information for medical experts as to the legal requirements for rendering medical expert opinions in court procedures, administrative procedures concerning occupational diseases.
Surgical treatment of septic subtendinous calcaneal bursitis in 2 cows
Authors: Kofler Johann , Erlacher Hannah , Pagliosa Geane 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo cows were referred to our clinic with moderate to severe hindlimb lameness due to infected wounds over the lateral and caudal aspect of tuber calcanei (TC) with regional swelling, consistent with septic subtendinous calcaneal bursitis. Ultrasonography (7.5 MHz linear probe) revealed fibrinous/fibrino-purulent inflammatory bursal effusions in both cows, complete rupture of the superficial digital flexor tendon and a small, circumscribed, irregular and rough bone contour of the TC in case 2. Radiography revealed physiological findings in case 1, whereas there were osteomyelitis and later bone sequestration in case 2. Treatment consisted of thorough wound debridement, establishing access to the bursa, removal of all exudate and fibrin, creation of additional drainage portals and meticulous lavage using sterile 0.9 % saline solution containing 0.1 % povidone-iodine performed under sedation and intravenous regional anesthesia. In case 2, the infected bone area of the TC was removed using a curette. However, a small bone sequestration developed from the TC 15 days later, which was associated with osteomyelitis. This was removed during a second surgical intervention. Systemic antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medications were administered peri- and post-surgically and the bursae flushed repeatedly. The affected tarsi were covered with a modified Robert-Jones bandage or a fiberglass cast. Cows 1 and 2 were discharged from the clinic 25 and 27 days after initial surgery, respectively, displaying mild lameness. Both cows were alive, not lame and were in advanced stages of pregnancy at the time of manuscript submission 8 and 12 months later, respectively. This report describes in detail 2 severe cases of septic fibrino-purulent subtendinous calcaneal bursitis in cows that were successfully treated by surgical debridement and lavage under a practical anesthetic protocol, followed by proper wound management in the post-surgical period. These effective surgical procedures can be performed under field conditions given the availability of adequate equipment.
Kardiovaskuläres Risiko und chronische Entzündung
Authors: Milatz Florian 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungAus postmortalen Untersuchungen ist bekannt, dass die Bildung atherosklerotischer Gefäßwandläsionen ihren Ursprung bereits im Kindesalter findet und in enger Beziehung zu bekannten kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren Erwachsener steht. Um mit Hilfe der Regenerationspotenziale im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine beschleunigte Entwicklung atherosklerotischer Gefäßveränderungen zu verhindern, bedarf es einer frühzeitigen Diagnose und konsequenten Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren. Heranwachsende mit einer Autoimmunerkrankung, wie z. B. einer juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA), besitzen aufgrund chronischer Entzündungszustände, medikamentöser Therapien und metabolischer Veränderungen ein erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Zur Exposition nicht traditioneller Risiken gesellen sich traditionelle, verhaltensbasierte Risikofaktoren, deren Vermeidung im Rahmen chronischer Erkrankungen besondere Bedeutung beigemessen wird. Der aktuelle wissenschaftliche Datenbestand bei JIA unterstreicht aus kardiovaskulärer Sicht die Notwendigkeit von Lebensstilmodifikationen, einschließlich insbesondere der Vermeidung eines bewegungsarmen, durch niedrigen energetischen Aufwand gekennzeichneten Alltags.
Das moderne Management arterioviszeraler/-lumenaler Fisteln – eine Auswahl repräsentativer Fallkonstellationen
Authors: Barth Udo , Albrecht Roland , Halloul Zuhir , Meyer Frank 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Verbindungen abdomineller Arterien zu umgebenden luminären Organen, insbesondere bei triggernden Begleitumständen, sind seltene Erkrankungen, die jedoch im Rahmen der Verbreitung endovaskulärer Therapien und komplexer viszeral-/tumorchirurgischer Eingriffe mit nachfolgenden langwierigen adjuvanten Therapien zunehmend in Erscheinung treten.
Methode Narrative Übersicht auf Basis aktueller wissenschaftlicher Referenzen und eigener klinischer und operativer Erfahrungen im entscheidungstechnischen Herangehen, im taktischen Vorgehen, den operativen Möglichkeiten sowie deren perioperativem Management anhand von 5 repräsentativen Fallkomplexen.
Ergebnisse Ureteroarterielle Fisteln werden i. d. R. durch eine rezidivierende und intermittierende Makrohämaturie symptomatisch. Das Diagnostikum der Wahl stellt nach wie vor die Angiografie bei gleichzeitiger Möglichkeit der endovaskulären Therapie dar, die aufgrund der minimalen Invasivität, geringen Morbidität und Mortalität die offen chirurgischen Verfahren verdrängt hat. Aortoösophageale Fisteln können Folge von infektiösen und malignen Grunderkrankungen sowie offener und endovaskulärer Therapien an der Aorta sein. Das Mehrzeilen-Kontrast-CT des Thoraxes und Abdomens sowie die Gastroskopie haben in der Diagnostik Vorrang. Endovaskuläre Verfahren können nur als Bridging-Verfahren verstanden werden, allein der Prothesenausbau mit aortaler und gastrointestinaler Rekonstruktion gilt als kurativ. Aortoenterale Fisteln sind in sekundärer Form seltene Komplikationen der offenen und endovaskulären Aortenchirurgie. Das kontrastmittelverstärkte Mehrzeilen-CT weist eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität auf. Die offen chirurgische Therapie unterscheidet eine In-situ-Rekonstruktion von der extraanatomischen Rekonstruktion mit Aortenligatur. Die endovaskuläre Therapie ist Ausnahmefällen vorbehalten. Entzündliche Aneurysmen viszeraler Arterien können im Zusammenhang mit nahe gelegenen Entzündungsprozessen auftreten, wobei es sich meist um Pseudoaneurysmen handelt. Das geeignetste diagnostische Mittel besteht in der kontrastmittelverstärkten Dünnschicht-CT-Angiografie. Therapie der Wahl ist die endovaskuläre Ausschaltung mittels gecoverter Stents oder Embolisation.
Schlussfolgerung Arterioviszerale/-lumenale Fisteln sind in Pathogenese, prädisponierenden Faktoren und klinischen Symptomen ähnlich. Unterstützt durch ein modernes Mehrzeilen-CT mit Kontrastmittel ist eine schnelle Verifizierung und Therapieplanung möglich. Die Suche nach einem individuellen Therapieansatz im interdisziplinären Konsil sollte berücksichtigen, dass die endovaskulären/interventionellen Verfahren primär sicher und effektiv sind, während die offene chirurgische Sanierung meist einzig kurativ ist.
Safety and efficacy of submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division for epiphrenic diverticula
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhang Weifeng , Yang Juliana , Wang Xiaoyong , Dang Yini , Hu Bin , Cai Qiang , Zhou Pinghong , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Symptomatic epiphrenic diverticula are mostly treated with laparoscopic diverticulectomy. Our study aimed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division (STESD) for treatment of symptomatic epiphrenic diverticula.
Methods Data from patients with epiphrenic diverticula who had undergone STESD were retrospectively reviewed. The parameters analyzed were the modified Eckardt score, total procedure time, length of hospital stay (LOS), number of clips used, adverse events, and patient satisfaction.
Results A total of eight patients (5 men; mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 66.25 [7.17] years) were enrolled in our study. The mean (SD) size of epiphrenic diverticula was 3.68 (1.59) cm. The mean (SD) procedure time was 52.87 (22.47) minutes, with a median number of six clips being applied. The modified Eckardt score significantly decreased post-procedure (P < 0.001). The mean (SD) LOS was 5.87 (0.83) days. No adverse events or symptom recurrences were reported.
Conclusion STESD is a safe and effective technique to be performed in the submucosal tunnel for the management of patients with epiphrenic diverticula.
Ultrafast optical currents in gapped graphene
Authors: Oliaei Motlagh S Azar , Nematollahi Fatemeh , Mitra Aranyo , Zafar Ahmal Jawad , Apalkov Vadym , Stockman Mark I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We theoretically study the interaction of ultrashort optical pulses with gapped graphene. Such a strong pulse results in a finite conduction band population and a corresponding electric current, both during and after the pulse. Since gapped graphene has broken inversion symmetry, it has an axial symmetry about the y -axis but not about the x-axis. We show that, in this case, if the linear pulse is polarized along the x-axis, the rectified electric current is generated in the y  direction. At the same time, the conduction band population distribution in the reciprocal space is symmetric about the x-axis. Thus, the rectified current in gapped graphene has an inter-band origin, while the intra-band contribution to the rectified current is zero.
Large spatial Schrödinger cat state using a levitated ferrimagnetic nanoparticle
Authors: Rahman A T M Anishur 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The superposition principle is one of the main tenets of quantum mechanics. Despite its counter-intuitiveness, it has been experimentally verified using electrons, photons, atoms, and molecules. However, a similar experimental demonstration using a nano or a micro particle is non-existent. Here in this article, exploiting macroscopic quantum coherence and quantum tunneling, we propose an experiment using a levitated magnetic nanoparticle to demonstrate such an effect. It is shown that the spatial separation between the delocalized wavepackets of a 20 nm ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanoparticle can be as large as 5 μm. We argue that, in addition to using for testing one of the most fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics, this scheme can simultaneously be used to test different modifications, such as wavefunction collapse models, to the standard quantum mechanics. Furthermore, we show that the spatial superposition of a core–shell structure, a YIG core and a non-magnetic silica shell, can be used to probe quantum gravity.
Heavy Neutrinos at Large Colliders
Authors: Soualah Rachik , Nasri Salah , Naseem Safa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work we discuss the state of the art of the heavy neutrinos at colliders. The neutrinos in the Standard Model (SM) are considered to be massless which is in contradiction with the evidence from the neutrino oscillations experiments. These cosmological observations established that at least two SM neutrinos have non-zero masses and that individual lepton number is violated. Therefore a strong conclusive first evidence of new physics caused by the neutrino mass mechanism is emerged. In this work we discuss the collider phenomenology of neutrino mass models at the existing (LHC) and next generation large colliders (FCC: ee, hh, eh, ILC and CePC) at different high synergies. It is naturally known that colliders are not sensitive to the SM light neutrinos; however the production of heavy neutrinos is very possible to be detected; giving rise to several signal processes which are categorised by different final state topologies according to theirs physics interests. We will present the state of the art of the heavy neutrinos generated with radiative neutrino mass models and their experimental searches; mainly for Majorana neutrino signals allowing for probing the nature of the Dark Matter candidates at high energy colliders. The focus will be on the well-motivated neutrino mass models which provide an elegant framework to explore new directions in Dark Matter phenomenology at the TeV scale and the future experimental prospects.
Using the Age and Metallicity of 8 Star Clusters to confirm the Chemical Enrichment History of the LMC
Authors: Balaha Farah , Alhosani Maryam , Asa’d Randa , Chillingarian Igor V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we find the ages and metallicities of 8 Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) star clusters obtained from integrated light spectra and use them to obtain the Chemical Enrichment History of the host galaxy. Our results are in good agreement with those obtained from resolved studies. This confirms that this method can be used for far away galaxies for which their star clusters are not resolved.
RETRACTED: The Nucleosynthesis and Reaction Rates of Fluorine 19 (19F) in the Sun
Authors: Mardini Mohammad K. , Ershiadat Nidal , Al-Wardat Mashhoor A. , Taani Ali A. , Özdemir Sergen , Al-Naimiy Hamid , Khasawneh Awni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigate the abundance of 19
F in the Sun through the nucleosynthesis scenario. In addition, we calculate the rate equations and reaction rates of the nucleosynthesis of 19
F at different temperature scale. Other important functions of this nucleosynthesis (nuclear partition function and statistical equilibrium conditions) are also obtained. The resulting stability of 19
F occurs at nucleus with A = 19 and Mass Excess = -1.4874 MeV. As a result, this will tend to a series of neutron captures and beta-decay until 19
F is produced. The reaction rate of 15
N (α, γ) 19
F was dominated by the contribution of three low-energy resonances, which enhanced the final 19
F abundance in the envelope.
Theoretical electronic structure with rovibrational and dipole moment calculation of SiN Molecule
Authors: El-Kork Nayla , Mahmoud Salman , Bechelany Mikhael , Miele Philippe , Korek Mahmoud 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Atomic and molecular data are at the origin of the atmospheres of planetary and stellar objects discoveries. Based on the laboratory astrophysics and the computational molecular spectroscopy, the interpretation of this data can give the chemical compositions and temperatures of these astrophysical systems. The detection and the identification of the SiN radical in the interstellar medium has drawn the attention to the gas phase chemistry and the evidence of a link between the interstellar chemistry of silicon and that of nitrogen. The quantum chemistry methods used to predict the spectroscopic properties of the SiN molecule can be calibrated with some available experimental results. In order to obtain reliable theoretical data that may help in the interpretation of interstellar or laboratory spectra concerning the SiN molecule, we performed theoretical calculation of 31 low-lying electronic state, below 66000 cm−1, of the molecule SiN by using the Complete Active Space Self Consistent Field (CASSCF) method followed by the Multi Reference Configuration Interaction with Davidson correction MRCI+Q. The potential energy along with the dipole moment curves of these states have been calculated along with the spectroscopic constants Re, ωe, Be, and Te. The Rotation-vibration lines for the considered electronic states of SiN molecule were obtained by direct solution of the nuclear motion Schrödinger equation using the canonical approach with program Rovib-1. By comparing our investigated values of the calculated vibrational energy Ev, the rotational constant Bv and the turning points Rmin and Rmax. with those available in literature shows a very good agreement. To the best of our knowledge nine new electronic states have been studied here for the first time that have not been observed yet.