bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Frequency Drift and Fine Structures of Solar S-bursts in the High Frequency Band of LOFAR
Authors: Zhang PeiJin , Zucca Pietro , Wang ChuanBing , Bisi Mario M. , Da̧browski Bartosz , Fallows Richard A. , Krankowski Andrzej , Magdalenic Jasmina , Mann Gottfried , Morosan Diana E. , Vocks Christian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Solar S-bursts are short duration (<1 s at decameter wavelengths) radio bursts that have been observed during periods of moderate solar activity, where S stands for short. The frequency drift of S-bursts can reflect the coronal density variation and the motion state of the electron beams. In this work, we investigate the frequency drift and the fine structure of the S-bursts with the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR). We find that the average frequency drift rate of the S-bursts within 20–180 MHz could be described by df/dt = −0.0077f
1.59, combined with previous results in low frequency. With the high time and frequency resolution of LOFAR, we can resolve the fine structures of the observed solar S-bursts. A fine drift variation pattern was found in the structure of S-bursts (referred to as solar Sb-bursts in this paper) during the type-III storm on 2019 April 13, in the frequency band of 120–240 MHz. The Sb-bursts have a quasiperiodic segmented pattern, and the relative flux intensity tends to be large when the frequency drift rate is relatively large. This kind of structure exists in about 20% of the solar S-burst events within the observed frequency range. We propose that the fine structure is due to the density fluctuations of the background coronal density. We performed a simulation based on this theory that can reproduce the shape and relative flux intensity of the Sb-bursts. This work shows that the fine structure of solar radio bursts can be used to diagnose the coronal plasma.
Shock Drift Acceleration of Ions in an Interplanetary Shock Observed by MMS
Authors: Hanson E. L. M. , Agapitov O. V. , Vasko I. Y. , Mozer F. S. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Bale S. D. , Avanov L. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Giles B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An interplanetary (IP) shock wave was recorded crossing the Magnetospheric Multiscale constellation on 2018 January 8. Plasma measurements upstream of the shock indicate efficient proton acceleration in the IP shock ramp: 2–7 keV protons are observed upstream for about three minutes (∼8000 km) ahead of the IP shock ramp, outrunning the upstream waves. The differential energy flux of 2–7 keV protons decays slowly with distance from the ramp toward the upstream region (dropping by about half within 8 Earth radii from the ramp) and is lessened by a factor of about four in the downstream compared to the ramp (within a distance comparable to the gyroradius of ∼keV protons). Comparison with test-particle simulations has confirmed that the mechanism accelerating the solar wind protons and injecting them upstream is classical Shock Drift Acceleration (SDA). This example of observed proton acceleration by a low-Mach, quasi-perpendicular shock may be applicable to astrophysical contexts, such as supernova remnants or the acceleration of cosmic rays.
Micro-elimination of HCV as a possible therapeutic strategy: our experience and a review of literature
Authors: Bojovic Ksenija , Simonovic-Babic Jasmina , Mijailovic Zeljko , Milosevic Ivana , Jovanovic Maja , Ruzic Maja , Cvejic Pasic Tatjana , Svorcan Petar , Petrovic Milena , Jordovic Jelena 
Published: March 2020

Background: Serbia has an intermediate estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection, approximately 1.13%, with hepatitis C remaining one of the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality in Serbia with impaired quality of life and overwhelming cost of treating its complications As the availability of new treatment options and resources for screening remains limited, micro-elimination of CHC becomes a top priority.
Methods: Review of the available published data related to the clinical and epidemiological situation of the hepatitis C infection in Serbia, including the unpublished data from the databases of four major reference centres in Serbia (Clinical Center Serbia, Clinical Center Niš, Clinical Center Vojvodina and Clinical Center Kragujevac).
Results: Currently in Serbia, micro-elimination appears to be realistic in the patients with haemophilia, who represent a small, well-defined subpopulation, under constant monitoring by the healthcare system. Other feasible targets for micro-elimination of CHC infection in Serbia are patients on hemodialysis, prisoners and people who inject drugs.
Conclusions: Micro-elimination is feasible in Serbia, especially in the subpopulation of patients with haemophilia. This may represent an initial step towards achieving the WHO objective to eliminate hepatitis C infection by 2030.
La haute fonction publique entre organisations, professions et patrons
Authors: Gally Natacha 
Published: March 2020

Résumé Cet article réactualise les observations empiriques formulées il y a plus de cinquante ans sur l’organisation corporatiste de la haute fonction publique en France en les réinsérant dans une analyse comparée des marchés du travail administratifs. En nous appuyant sur les travaux de Neil Fligstein, nous proposons de considérer les marchés du travail administratifs comme des constructions institutionnelles, produits des interactions entre trois types d’acteurs : des groupes professionnels, des organisations administratives et des dirigeants politiques. Nous construisons ensuite trois idéaux-types de marchés du travail administratifs pouvant servir de guide à la comparaison des trajectoires d’institutionnalisation de la haute fonction publique dans différents pays.
Entre desserrement et resserrement du verrou de l’État
Authors: Le Lidec Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Résumé Cet article explore les transformations du modèle d’administration territoriale français et les processus de migration de l’autorité depuis le milieu des années 1970 à partir des mobilisations de deux grandes catégories d’acteurs : les élus locaux, leurs associations et leurs relais institutionnels au Sénat, d’une part ; les hauts fonctionnaires des administrations centrales, et particulièrement ceux du ministère du Budget, d’autre part. Il cherche à identifier les contextes et mécanismes qui ont permis la conversion d’asymétries ponctuelles de pouvoir en asymétries plus durables, qui ont modifié les trajectoires de réforme. Il met en évidence une dynamique de desserrement du verrou de l’État, qui court depuis le milieu des années 1970 jusqu’au milieu des années 1990, et connaît son apogée avec le vote des lois de décentralisation. Il montre a contrario pourquoi l’adoption de l’euro s’est traduite par un recul très net de l’autonomie budgétaire et fiscale des collectivités et par l’adoption de politiques de fusions de collectivités, et comment la crise des dettes souveraines a amplifié ce resserrement du verrou de l’État.
A Spontaneous RAG1 Nonsense Mutation Unveils Naturally Occurring N-Terminal Truncated RAG1 Isoforms
Authors: Burn Thomas N , Lee Kyutae D , Dawany Noor , Robertson Tanner F , Fisher Megan R , Bassing Craig H , Behrens Edward M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins are essential for the assembly of Ag receptor genes in the process known as VDJ recombination, allowing for an immense diversity of lymphocyte Ag receptors. Congruent with their importance, RAG1 and RAG2 have been a focus of intense study for decades. To date, RAG1 has been studied as a single isoform; however, our identification of a spontaneous nonsense mutation in the 5′ region of the mouse Rag1 gene lead us to discover N-truncated RAG1 isoforms made from internal translation initiation. Mice homozygous for the RAG1 nonsense mutation only express N-truncated RAG1 isoforms and have defects in Ag receptor rearrangement similar to human Omenn syndrome patients with truncating 5′ RAG1 frameshift mutations. We show that the N-truncated RAG1 isoforms are derived from internal translation initiation start sites. Given the seemingly inactivating Rag1 mutation, it is striking that homozygous mutant mice do not have the expected SCID. We propose that evolution has garnered RAG1 and other important genes with the ability to form truncated proteins via internal translation to minimize the deleterious effects of 5′ nonsense mutations. This mechanism of internal translation initiation is particularly important to consider when interpreting nonsense or frameshift mutations in whole-genome sequencing, as such mutations may not lead to loss of protein.
n. 14 - SISTEMA PRÓPRIO DE AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA: ANÁLISE DE EXPERIÊNCIAS MUNICIPAIS DO INTERIOR PAULISTA
Authors: Militão Silvio Cesar Nunes , Zebediff Jaqueline Bibiano 
Published: March 2020

O artigo tem como foco temático a contemporânea tendência de criação de sistema próprio de avaliação externa pela esfera municipal no país e objetiva mapear, caracterizar e analisar as experiências de implantação de tais sistemas em sete municípios paulistas. De abordagem qualitativa, o estudo contemplou pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e questionário. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam um caráter híbrido nas iniciativas avaliativas locais estudadas: ao mesmo tempo que os entes federativos subnacionais se valem da autonomia para implantar sistemas próprios de avaliação externa voltados ao atendimento de suas necessidades/particularidades, também alinham-se à lógica do modelo avaliativo federal, inclusive incorporando e reproduzindo determinados aspectos das avaliações externas nacionais.
Feedback Systems on Extended Hilbert Space-Normality and Linearization
Authors: Khelifa Messaoudi 
Published: March 2020

ThestudyofthenormalityofafeedbacksystemonanextendedHilbertspacehasbeenmade. Theresultsofapproximation
of the solutions of such a nonlinear system by another linear are also established. This study represents an extension of the work of (Vaclav Dolezal, 1979), on a Hilbert space.
Bønder som klimahelte. Kan og vil landbruget bidrage?
Authors: Pedersen Karin Hilmer 
Published: March 2020

Kan og vil landbruget bidrage til reduktion af drivhusgasser? Undersøgelser tyder på, at der i landbrugssektoren findes et stort og uudnyttet potentiale for relativt billig reduktion af drivhusgasser. Selvom måling af reduktion i udledning af drivhusgasser inden for landbrugssektoren er behæftet med omfattende usikkerhed, vil man ved at måle reduktion indirekte gennem relative ændringer i produktionsprocesser kunne inkludere landbrugssektoren i reguleringsordninger. Spørgsmålet er, hvordan man kan få landbruget til at bidrage. Yi overvejer brugen af standarder, grønne afgifter og omsættelige kvoter. Vi finder, at landbrugssektoren vil have en ikke ubetydelig interesse i at få tildelt kvoter og deltage i det europæiske kvotesystem, EU ETS. Landbrugets deltagelse er imidlertid ikke uproblematisk, men kræver styring og kontrolforanstaltninger, hvis kvoteordningerne ikke i stedet skal blive til Varm luft’.
Rewarding farmers for carbon sequestration will enhance the carbon storage potential of the agricultural sector. Implementing sustainable farming systems that sequester net carbon does not require advanced technology. However, economic incentives are needed to enable farmers to implement more sustainable agricultural practices (IFAP, 2009).
Psychoactive Substance and Psychopathological Symptoms among Nigerian Secondary Schools Adolescents
Authors: Onisile Deborah O. , Akpunne Bede C. , Alakija Oluseyi A. 
Published: March 2020

Aim: Abuse of psychoactive substances among secondary school adolescents is a huge problem globally. This study examined the influence of psychoactive substance use on psychopathological symptoms among secondary school adolescents in Ede, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design.
Place of Study: Redeemer’s University Ede Osun state, Southwestern Nigeria.
Methodology: Four hundred and ninety-six (496) secondary school adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) were purposively selected from five secondary schools in Ede metropolis. Substance Abuse Inventory (SABI) and Awaritefe Psychological Index (API Form-X) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Four hypotheses were tested using a Regression Analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Independent Sample t-test and at 0.05% level of significance.
Results: A high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms was observed among the participants. Psychoactive substance use was observed to jointly and significantly predict psychopathological symptoms (R² = .106, p = .001). Sex has significant influence on manifested psychopathological symptoms with female adolescents reporting higher mean scores on insomnia, intellect disorder, heat disorder, mood disorder, alimentary track disorder and general psychopathology. Age was observed to be inversely correlated with psychopathological symptoms. Significant difference was found between drug users and non-user on severities of psychopathological symptoms.
Conclusions: This research finding indicates a high prevalence of psychopathological symptoms; that the use psychoactive substance is significantly linked the psychopathological symptoms and that age of involvement in psychoactive substance is also a significant risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents.
Individual differences in the preference for worked examples: Lessons from an application of dispositional learning analytics
Authors: Tempelaar Dirk T. , Rienties Bart , Nguyen Quan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWorked‐examples have been established as an effective instructional format in problem‐solving practices. However, less is known about variations in the use of worked examples across individuals at different stages in their learning process in student‐centred learning contexts. This study investigates different profiles of students' learning behaviours based on clustering learning dispositions, prior knowledge, and the choice of feedback strategies in a naturalistic setting. The study was conducted on 1,072 students over an 8‐week long introductory mathematics course in a blended instructional format. While practising exercises in a digital learning environment, students can opt for tutored problem solving, untutored problem solving, or call worked examples. The results indicated six distinct profiles of learners regarding their feedback preferences in different learning phases. Finally, we investigated antecedents and consequences of these profiles and investigated the adequacy of used feedback strategies concerning ‘help‐abuse’. This research indicates that the use of instructional scaffolds as worked‐examples or hints and the efficiency of that use differs from student to student, making the attempt to find patterns at an overall level a hazardous endeavour.
Multifunctional Superwetting Composite Coatings for Long‐Term Anti‐Icing, Air Purification, and Oily Water Separation
Authors: Xiao Zhen , Zhu Haiyan , Wang Shanlin , Dai Wenzhe , Luo Wen , Yu Xinquan , Zhang Youfa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt is an important tendency to develop a durable superwetting coating for potential applications. However, its application, integration and evaluation mechanism in specific application environments are still inadequate toward practical applications. Herein, a universal approach to fabricate ultra‐stable and multifunctional superhydrophobic composite coating with superoleophobicity or superoleophilicity using cross‐linked composite resin as reinforcement is reported. The nano‐porous structure with extremely low surface energy is endowed with excellent mechanical stability, to greatly extend service life in the anti‐fouling, anti‐icing, air purification, and oily water separation fields. The anti‐icing tests show that the ice shear force is still below 20 kPa after the 200th finger wear, 30th abrasion tester wear, or 20th freeze–thaw cycle. For air purification, the weight increments from steam and dust are only 7.1% after moisturizing 240 min and 8% after filter‐cleaning five cycles, respectively. Moreover, the crude oil flux reaches up to 53 629 L·m−2·h−1 on the stainless steel wire treated with superhydrophobic–superoleophilic composite coating, and its separation efficiency is still above 99.5% after separating 55 cycles. These multiple key properties that have been integrated into the composite coating are expected to promote the superwetting coating to be used in everyday life and industry.
Circular Polarization Discrimination Enhanced by Anisotropic Media
Authors: Chu Zeshi , Zhou Jing , Dai Xu , Li Fangzhe , Lan Mengke , Ji Zhaoyu , Lu Wei , Chen Xiaoshuang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCircular polarization discrimination is desired for use in many optoelectronic applications. By integrating asymmetric metamaterials with active materials, circular‐polarization‐discriminative light–matter interaction can be realized. Nevertheless, the circular polarization extinction ratio for absorption of the active materials, typically below 2.5, needs to be improved. Here, it is revealed that the integration of an asymmetric metamaterial with an anisotropic material can drastically enhance the circular polarization extinction ratio by six to ten times. This enhancement is attributable to a double polarization selection mechanism. This discovery is important to circular‐polarization‐discriminative optoelectronics since anisotropic optoelectronic materials are easy to find. It is demonstrated that asymmetric metamaterial‐integrated quantum wells (anisotropic) exhibit a circular polarization extinction ratio of 14 in the long‐wave infrared regime, compared with the value of 1.3 for the same integrated HgCdTe (isotropic). Similarly, the asymmetric metamaterial‐integrated InAsSb nanowire array (anisotropic) exhibits a circular polarization extinction ratio of 12.6 in the mid‐infrared regime, compared with the value of 1.7 for the same integrated InAsSb bulk (isotropic). The absorptance of the anisotropic material in the composite structure is also significantly enhanced.
Brush‐Paintable, Temperature and Light Responsive Triple Shape‐Memory Photonic Coatings Based on Micrometer‐Sized Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymer Particles
Authors: Belmonte Alberto , Pilz da Cunha Marina , Nickmans Koen , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, light and temperature responsive, brush‐painted photonic coatings exhibiting three different colored and surface topographical states are reported. The different states arise from the use of cholesteric liquid‐crystalline micrometer‐sized polymer particles as shape‐memory photonic pigments that are dispersed in a shape‐memory binder. The first temporal state is induced by compressing the photonic particles at high temperature, resulting in blueshift of the structural color. The second temporal state is obtained by embossing a diffractive grating on the surface at an intermediate temperature leading to a relief topography and a rainbow optical effect. Both optical and surface topographical changes coexist and are stable at room temperature until they are reverted independently either by heating or locally by light illumination. Multicolored paints that reflect selectively left‐handed or right‐handed polarized light are developed to create arbitrary polarization‐dependent multicolor and topographical brush‐painted patterns. These temperature and light responsive triple shape‐memory photonic paints have potential applications as battery‐free optical sensors, responsive decoration, and smart adhesives.
Membrane Environment Enables Ultrafast Isomerization of Amphiphilic Azobenzene
Authors: Paternò Giuseppe Maria , Colombo Elisabetta , Vurro Vito , Lodola Francesco , Cimò Simone , Sesti Valentina , Molotokaite Egle , Bramini Mattia , Ganzer Lucia , Fazzi Daniele , D'Andrea Cosimo , Benfenati Fabio , Bertarelli Chiara , Lanzani Guglielmo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe non‐covalent affinity of photoresponsive molecules to biotargets represents an attractive tool for achieving effective cell photo‐stimulation. Here, an amphiphilic azobenzene that preferentially dwells within the plasma membrane is studied. In particular, its isomerization dynamics in different media is investigated. It is found that in molecular aggregates formed in water, the isomerization reaction is hindered, while radiative deactivation is favored. However, once protected by a lipid shell, the photochromic molecule reacquires its ultrafast photoisomerization capacity. This behavior is explained considering collective excited states that may form in aggregates, locking the conformational dynamics and redistributing the oscillator strength. By applying the pump probe technique in different media, an isomerization time in the order of 10 ps is identified and the deactivation in the aggregate in water is also characterized. Finally, it is demonstrated that the reversible modulation of membrane potential of HEK293 cells via illumination with visible light can be indeed related to the recovered trans→cis photoreaction in lipid membrane. These data fully account for the recently reported experiments in neurons, showing that the amphiphilic azobenzenes, once partitioned in the cell membrane, are effective light actuators for the modification of the electrical state of the membrane.
First generation of translucent monoliths for photochemical applications
Authors: Jacobs Mathias , Kayahan Emine , Thomassen Leen C.J. , Kuhn Simon , Leblebici M. Enis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMonolith structures are a common method to scale flow chemistry tools up to industrial throughput. Internally illuminated monolith reactors (IIMRs) were their versions for photochemistry. The channels inside the monolith were illuminated with optical fibers coated with a photocatalyst such as TiO2. The majority of the light in an IIMR was however not utilized to illuminate the reaction medium. Furthermore, the monolith was always made of opaque materials, making it impossible for unabsorbed light to illuminate other channels, lowering the photochemical space‐time yield (PSTY), a benchmark for the overall energy efficiency of a photoreactor. In this paper, the potential of a translucent monolith structure for scalable photochemical process design was tested. Due to the translucent nature of the monolith, there was no need for optical fibers or multiple light sources to provide the necessary photon flux and distribution. There has never been a study of translucent monoliths in the open literature and no design parameters have been investigated. This research studies the first translucent monoliths and their design principles by varying the channel size, channel distance as well as the amount of unit cells with a ray tracing algorithm in COMSOL Multiphysics. A model was developed, validated and used to design a monolith for the photodegradation of micropollutants in a case study. A theoretical improvement of seven orders of magnitude in PSTY was obtained compared to IIMRs making this reactor design a promising candidate for more efficient photochemical processes.
Polymer Zwitterions for Stabilization of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Kim Hyunki , Hight‐Huf Nicholas , Kang Ji‐Hwan , Bisnoff Phoebe , Sundararajan Suvin , Thompson Theo , Barnes Michael , Hayward Ryan C. , Emrick Todd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFunctional polymers with sulfobetaine or phosphorylcholine zwitterions as pendent groups are demonstrated as both ligands and host matrices for CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles (PNPs). These polymers produce nanocomposite films with excellent NP dispersion, optical transparency, and impressive resistance to NP degradation upon exposure to water. Multidentate interactions of the zwitterion‐containing copolymers with the PNPs induce dispersed or weakly aggregated nanocomposite morphologies, depending on the extent of zwitterionic functionality in the polymer. Incorporating additional functionality into the polymers, such as benzophenone pendent groups, yields lithographically patternable films, while time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements provide insight into the electronic impact of PNPs in zwitterionic polymer matrices.