bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases and its Risk Factors among Ijegun-Isheri Osun Residents in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Idris Israel Oluwaseyidayo , Oguntade Ayodipupo Sikiru , Mensah Ekow Adom , Kitamura Noriko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The rapid epidemiologic transition of diseases has adverse implications for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nigeria due to their limited healthcare, weaker health systems and the westernization of lifestyle. There is a need to evaluate the enormity or otherwise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden in such low resource settings. We performed this survey to determine the prevalence of NCDs and its risk factors among the Ijegun- Isheri Osun community residents of Lagos, Nigeria.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was performed on 215 respondents recruited consecutively during a population preventive health campaign. Prevalence of three NCDs (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia) were calculated. Associations between each of these NCDs and selected risk factors were determined using chi square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors of each of the three NCDs.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 35.3% (95%CI 29.0-42.1), diabetes 4.6% (95%CI 2.2-8.4) and dyslipidaemia 47.1% (95%CI 41.1-54.8). Among the NCD risk factors, the prevalence of smoking was 41.3% (95%CI 34.2-48.6), alcohol consumption 72.5% (95% CI 65.5-78.7), and physical activity 52.9 (95%CI 45.5-60.2). The independent significant predictors of hypertension were age ≥60 years (aOR 4.56; 95%CI: 1.72-12.09) and dyslipidaemia (aOR 5.01; 95%CI: 2.26-11.13). Age ≥60 years (aOR 8.83; 95%CI: 1.88-41.55) was an independent predictor of diabetes. Age ≥60 years (aOR 29.32; 95%CI: 4.78-179.84), being employed (aOR 11.12; 95%CI: 3.10-39.92), smoking (aOR 2.34; 95%CI: 1.03-5.33) and physical activity (aOR 0.34; 95%CI: 0.15-0.76) were independent predictors of having dyslipidaemia.Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia and their associated risk factors are high among the respondents of Ijegun-Isheri Osun community of Lagos state, Nigeria. This highlights the need for further implementation research and policy directions to tackle NCD burden in urban communities in Nigeria. These strategies must be community specific, prioritizing the various risk factors and addressing them accordingly.
The rs28757157 and rs59429575 polymorphisms in CYP19A1 are associated with lung cancer in Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhang Chan , Cheng Yujing , Chen Wanlu , Li Qi , Dai Run , Wang Yajie , Yang Tonghua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. Recent studies have revealed that the CYP19A1 gene played a crucial role in cancer initiation and development. The aim of this study was to assess the association of CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms with the risk of lung cancer in the Chinese Han population.Method: This study randomly recruited 507 lung cancer patients and 505 healthy controls. The genotypes of four SNPs of CYP19A1 gene were identified by Agena MassARRY technique. Genetic model analysis was used to assess the association between genetic variation and lung cancer risk. Odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were provided for the evaluation of the lung cancer risk effect.Results: Rs28757157 and rs59429575 polymorphisms of CYP19A1 were significantly correlated with the risk of lung cancer. In stratified analysis, rs28757157 was associated with increased cancer risk in smoker and individuals aged ≤60 years. Meanwhile, rs59429575 was identified as a risk biomarker in female and lung adenocarcinoma patients (p < 0.05). While rs28757157 exerted a protective role among people with a BMI greater than 24 (p = 0.033).Conclusions: This study identified two new SNPs (rs28757157 and rs59429575) of CYP19A1 associated with lung cancer in Chinese Han population. These findings provide data support for further functional studies of CYP19A1 in lung cancer.
Application of compound material alleviates saline and alkaline stress in cotton leaves through regulation of the transcriptome
Authors: An Mengjie , Wang Xiaoli , Chang Doudou , Wang Shuai , Hong Dashuang , Fan Hua , Wang Kaiyong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Soil salinization and alkalinization are the main factors that affect the agricultural productivity. Evaluating the persistence of the compound material applied in field soils is an important part of the regulation of the responses of cotton to saline and alkaline stresses.Result: To determine the molecular effects of compound material on the cotton’s responses to saline stress and alkaline stress, cotton was planted in the salinized soil (NaCl 8g kg -1 ) and alkalized soil (Na 2 CO 3 8g kg -1 ) after application of the compound material, and ion content, physiological characteristics, and transcription of new cotton leaves at flowering and boll-forming stage were analyzed. The results showed that compared with saline stress, alkaline stress increased the contents of Na + , K + , SOD, and MDA in leaves. The application of the compound material reduced the content of Na + but increased the K + /Na + ratio , the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, and REC. Transcriptome analysis revealed that after the application of the compound material, the Na + /H + exchanger gene in cotton leaves was down-regulated, while the K + transporter, K + channel, and POD genes were up-regulated. Besides, the down-regulation of genes related to lignin synthesis in phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway had a close relationship with the ion content and physiological characteristics in leaves. The quantitative analysis with PCR proved the reliability of the results of RNA sequencing.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the compound material alleviated saline stress and alkaline stress on cotton leaves by regulating candidate genes in key biological pathways, which improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the compound material regulating the responses of cotton to saline stress and alkaline stress.
Clinical Phenotypes and Heath-Related Quality of Life of COPD Patients in a Rural Setting in Malaysia – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chai Chee-Shee , Mos Sumastika Bt , Ng Diana-Leh-Ching , Goh Greta-Miranda-Kim-Choo , Su Anselm-Ting , Ibrahim Muhammad Amin Bin , Musa Aisya Natasya Bt , Tan Seng-Beng , Pang Yong-Kek , Liam Chong-Kim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The Spanish chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guideline phenotypes patients according to the exacerbation frequency and COPD subtypes. In this study, we compared the patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to their COPD phenotypes.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of COPD patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Serian Divisional Hospital and Bau District Hospital from 23th January 2018 to 22th January 2019. The HRQoL was assessed using modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD (SGRQ-c). Results: Of 185 patients, 108 (58.4%) were non-exacerbators (NON-AE), 51 (27.6%) were frequent exacerbators (AE), and the remaining 26 (14.1%) had asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Of AE patients, 42 (82.4%) had chronic bronchitis and only 9 (17.6%) had emphysema. Of the 185 COPD patients, 65.9% had exposure to biomass fuel and 69.1% were ex- or current smokers. The scores of mMRC, CAT, and SGRQ-c were significantly different between COPD phenotypes (p < 0.001). There were significantly more patients with mMRC 2 – 4 among AE (68.6%) (p < 0.001), compared to those with ACO (38.5%) and NON-AE (16.7%). AE patients had significantly higher total CAT (p = 0.003; p < 0.001) and SGRQ-c (both p < 0.001) scores than those with ACO and NON-AE. Patients with ACO had significantly higher total CAT and SGRQ-c (both p < 0.001) scores than those with NON-AE. AE patients had significantly higher score in each item of CAT and component of SGRQ-c compared to those with NON-AE (all p < 0.001), and ACO [(p = 0.003 – 0.016; p = < 0.001 – 0.005) except CAT 1, 2 and 7. ACO patients had significantly higher score in each item of CAT and component of SGRQ-c (p = < 0.001 – 0.040; p < 0.001) except CAT 2 and activity components of SGRQ-c.Conclusions: The HRQoL of COPD patients was significantly different across different COPD phenotypes. HRQoL was worst in AE, followed by ACO and NON-AE. This study supports phenotyping COPD patients based on their exacerbation frequency and COPD subtypes. The treatment of COPD should be personalised according to these two factors.
Identification of a metabolism-related gene expression prognostic model in endometrial carcinoma patients
Authors: Jiang Pinping , Sun Wei , Shen Ningmei , Huang Xiaohao , Fu Shilong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic abnormalities have recently been widely studied in various cancer types. This study aims to explore the expression profiles of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) in endometrial cancer (EC). Methods: We analyzed the expression of MRGs using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to screen differentially expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs) significantly correlated with EC patient prognosis. Functional pathway enrichment analysis of the DE-MRGs was performed. LASSO and Cox regression analyses were performed to select MRGs closely related to EC patient outcomes. A prognostic signature was developed, and the efficacy was validated in part of and the entire TCGA EC cohort. Moreover, we developed a comprehensive nomogram including the risk model and clinical features to predict EC patients' survival probability. Results: Forty-seven DE-MRGs were significantly correlated with EC patient prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these MRGs were highly enriched in amino acid, glycolysis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Nine MRGs were found to be closely related to EC patient outcomes: CYP4F3, CEL, GPAT3, LYPLA2, HNMT, PHGDH, CKM, UCK2 and ACACB. Based on these nine DE-MRGs, we developed a prognostic signature, and its efficacy in part of and the entire TCGA EC cohort was validated. The nine-MRG signature was independent of other clinical features, and could effectively distinguish high- and low-risk EC patients and predict patient OS. The nomogram showed excellent consistency between the predictions and actual survival observations. Conclusions: The MRG prognostic model and the comprehensive nomogram could guide precise outcome prediction and rational therapy selection in clinical practice.
mRNA profile provides novel insights into stress adaptation in mud crab megalopa, Scylla paramamosain after salinity stress
Authors: Zhang Yin , Wu Qingyang , Fang Shaobin , Li Shengkang , Zheng Huaiping , Zhang Yueling , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Ma Hongyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background : Mud crab, Scylla paramamosain , a euryhaline crustacean species, mainly inhabits the Indo-Western Pacific region. Wild mud crab spawn in high-salt condition and the salinity reduced with the growth of the hatching larvae. When the larvae grow up to megalopa, they migrate back to estuaries and coasts in virtue of the flood tide, settle and recruit adult habitats and metamorphose into the crablet stage. Adult crab can even survive in a wide salinity of 0-35 ppt. To investigate the mRNA profile after salinity stress, S. paramamosain megalopa were exposed to different salinity seawater (low, 14 ppt; control, 25 ppt; high, 39 ppt). Results : Firstly, from the expression profiles of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter , chloride channel protein 2 , and ABC transporter , it turned out that the 24 h might be the most influenced duration in the short-term stress. We collected megalopa under different salinity for 24 h and then submitted to mRNA profiling. Totally, 57.87 Gb Clean Data were obtained. The comparative genomic analysis detected 342 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The most significantly DEGs include gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase-like , facilitated trehalose transporter Tret1 , sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha , rhodanese 1-like protein , etc. And the significantly enriched pathways were lysine degradation, choline metabolism in cancer, phospholipase D signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. The results indicate that in the short-term salinity stress, the megalopa might regulate some mechanism such as metabolism, immunity responses, osmoregulation to adapt to the alteration of the environment. Conclusions : This study represents the first genome-wide transcriptome analysis of S. paramamosain megalopa for studying its stress adaption mechanisms under different salinity. The results reveal numbers of genes modified by salinity stress and some important pathways, which will provide valuable resources for discovering the molecular basis of salinity stress adaptation of S. paramamosain larvae and further boost the understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of salinity stress adaptation for crustacean species.
The Inattentiveness of Children with ADHD may Worsen During the COVID-19 Quarantine
Authors: Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Niitsu Tomihisa , Tachibana Masumi , Takahashi Jumpei , Iyo Masaomi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused school closures worldwide. Japan's Prime Minister declared a state of emergency based on the coronavirus pandemic for Tokyo, Chiba, and other prefectures on April 7, 2020. Children with ADHD are particularly vulnerable to the distress caused by the pandemic and physical distancing measures, and they might display increased behavioral problems. We surveyed 15 children with ADHD, aged 11.8 ± 2.8 years old; 13 were males and 2 were females (combined subtype, n=12; inattentive subtype, n=3). The children's ADHD-RS scores were assessed by their mother (n=12), father (n=1), or nursing home staff (n=2) from before the emergency declaration (in February or March 2020) to after the emergency declaration (April or May 2020). There were no changes of treating physician, drug type or quantity, or psychotherapy or assessment person from January 2020 to May 2020. Results: A comparison of the baseline scores and secondary outcomes reveals that the ADHD-RS total score and inattentive subscore worsened significantly during this period, whereas the hyper/impulsive subscore did not. In conclusion, we suggest that policymakers, healthcare providers and families should be mindful of the potential development of inattentiveness among children with ADHD who are quarantined because of COVID-19.
Sialylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides Prevent Intestinal Inflammation by Inhibiting Toll Like Receptor 4-Mediated Inflammatory Events in Necrotizing Enterocolitis Rats and Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Colonic Epithelial Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Heyang Jingqiu , Tu Wenjuan , Zhou Xiaoying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Characterization of volatile fatty-acid utilization in Escherichia coli aiming for robust valorisation of food residues
Authors: Sjöberg Gustav , Gustavsson Martin , Maris Antonius J.A. van 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Valorisation of food residues would greatly benefit from development of robust processes that create added value compared to current feed- and biogas applications. Recent advances in membrane-bioreactor-based open mixed microbial cultures, enable robust conversion of fluctuating streams of food residues to a mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). In this study, such a mixed stream of VFAs was investigated as a substrate for Escherichia coli, a well-studied organism suitable for application in further conversion of the acids into compounds of higher value, and/or that are easier to separate from the aqueous medium. E. coli was cultured in batch on a VFA-rich anaerobic digest of food residues, tolerating up to 40 mM of total VFAs without any reduction in growth rate. In carbon-limited chemostats of E. coli W3110 ΔFadR on a simulated VFA mixture, the straight-chain VFAs (C2-C6) in the mixture were readily consumed simultaneously. At a dilution rate of 0.1 h− 1, mainly acetic-, propionic- and caproic acid were consumed, while consumption of all the provided acids were observed at 0.05 h− 1. Interestingly, also the branched isovaleric acid was consumed through a hitherto unknown mechanism. In total, up to 80% of the carbon from the supplied VFAs was consumed by the cells, and approximately 2.7% was excreted as nucleotide precursors in the medium. These results suggest that VFAs derived from food residues are a promising substrate for E. coli.
Survival Benefit of Ixazomib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (IRD) Over Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (Rd) in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Minarik Jiri , Pika Tomas , Radocha Jakub , Jungova Alexandra , Straub Jan , Jelinek Tomas , Pour Ludek , Pavlicek Petr , Mistrik Martin , Brozova Lucie , Krhovska Petra , Machalkova Katerina , Jindra Pavel , Spicka Ivan , Plonkova Hana , Stork Martin , Bacovsky Jaroslav , Capkova Lenka , Sykora Michal , Kessler Petr , Stejskal Lukas , Heindorfer Adriana , Ullrychova Jana , Skacel Tomas , Maisnar Vladimir , Hajek Roman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: We have performed a head to head comparison of all-oral triplet combination of ixazomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (IRD) versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (RD) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in the routine clinical practice. Methods: A total of 344 patients treated with IRD (N=127) or RD (N=217) were selected for analysis from the Czech Registry of Monoclonal Gammopathies (RMG). Descriptive statistics were used to assess patient’s characteristics associated with the respective therapy. The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS), secondary end points included response rates and overall survival (OS). Survival endpoints were plotted using Kaplan-Meier methodology at 95% Greenwood confidence interval. Univariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the effect of treatment regimen. Statistical tests were performed at significance level 0.05.Results: In the whole cohort, PFS for IRD was 17.5 and for RD was 11.5 months favoring the all-oral triplet, p = 0.005; in patients within relapse 1-3, the median PFS was 23.1 vs 11.6 months, p = 0.001. The hazard ratio for PFS was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51 – 0.89, p = 0.006). The PFS advantage translated into improved OS for patients treated with IRD, median 36.6 months vs 26.0 months (p = 0.008). The overall response rate (ORR) was 73.0 % in the IRD group vs 66.2 % in the RD group with a complete response rate (CR) of 11.1 % vs 8.8 %, and very good partial response (VGPR) 22.2 % vs 13.9 %, IRD vs RD respectively. The IRD regimen was most beneficial in patients ≤75 years with ISS I, II, and in the first and second relapse. Patients with the presence of extramedullary disease did not benefit from IRD treatment (median PFS 6.5 months). Both regimens were well tolerated, and the incidence of total as well as grade 3/4 toxicities was comparable. Conclusions: Our analysis confirms the results of the TOURMALINE-MM1 study and shows benefit of all-oral triplet IRD treatment versus RD doublet. It demonstrates that the addition of ixazomib to RD improves key survival endpoints in patients with RRMM in a routine clinical setting.
Reduced efficacy of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors in patients with drug resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase
Authors: Siedner Mark , Moorhouse Michelle , Simmons Brioni , de Oliveira Tulio , Lessells Richard , Giandhari Jennifer , Kemp Steven , Chimukangara Ben , Akpomiemie Godspower , Serenata Celicia , Venter Willem , Hill Andrew , Gupta Ravindra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Little is known about the impact of pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) on the efficacy of second generation integrase inhibitors, now the standard of care drug class for HIV-1 treatment globally.Methods: We conducted next-generation sequencing on stored plasma specimens from the ADVANCE trial collected prior to treatment initiation. Our primary outcome was 96-week virologic success, defined as achievement of a viral load < 1000 copies/mL from 12 weeks, < 200 copies/mL from 24 weeks, and < 50 copies/mL from 48 through 96 weeks. We estimated the impact of PDR, defined by the presence of drug resistance on the World Health Organization (WHO) mutation list, on virologic outcomes in the entire cohort, and stratified by EFV-based versus DTG-based regimens. In sensitivity analyses, we allowed virologic failure with re-suppression, assessed FDA 48 and 96-week Snapshot outcomes, and considered minority resistance mutations (5–20% frequency).Results: Of 1,053 trial participants, 873 (83%) had plasma available and successful sequencing completed. Of these, 288 (33%) were randomized to an EFV-based regimen and 585 (67%) were randomized to a DTG-based regimen. Fourteen percent (122/873) had at least one WHO-defined mutation, of which over 98% (120/122) had NNRTI mutations. NRTI mutations were rare (20/873, 2%). Rates of virologic suppression were significantly lower in those with PDR 65% (73/112) compared to those without PDR (85% [605/713], P < 0.001). This phenomenon was consistent for both EFV-based (60% [12/20] versus 86% [214/248], P = 0.002) and DTG-based ART (61/92 [66%] versus 84% [391/465] P < 0.001, P for interaction by regimen 0.49). In multivariable models adjusted for clinical characteristics and treatment adherence, PDR strongly predicted failure [adjusted OR 0.38 (0.23–0.61), P < 0.001]. Although suppression rates were greater when allowing for non-consecutive visits with failure, PDR significantly predicted greater risk of failure for both regimens in all outcome definitions. We found no effect of mutations at frequencies 5–20% on any of our outcomes.Interpretation: NNRTI resistance prior to treatment initiation is associated with failure of integrase inhibitor-containing first-line regimens. These results portend high rates of first-line treatment failure in sub Saharan Africa, where circulating NNRTI resistance is common.
Empagliflozin Protects Atherosclerosis Progression by Modulating Lipid Profiles and Sympathetic Activity
Authors: Liu Yihai , Xu Jiamin , Wu Mingyue , Xu Biao , Kang Lina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Several large clinical trials have confirmed the cardioprotective role of Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Here we investigated that empagliflozin, as an SGLT2 inhibitor, could alleviate atherosclerosis progression.Methods: ApoE-/- mice were fed on a western diet for 12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. On the 7th week, a group of mice were treated with drinking water containing empagliflozin (10mg/kg/day) while another group was still fed on normal water. On 12th week, the whole aortas of each group were harvested. The Oil red O, HE and movat staining were performed for atherosclerotic lesion area and size. Mouse serum lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C), systemic inflammation level (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and sympathetic activity (norepinephrine, and neuropeptide Y) were measured by ELISA.Results: Empagliflozin reduced the atherosclerotic lesion burden in ApoE-/- mice. Besides, empagliflozin decreased the body weight, lipid profiles, RAAS and sympathetic activity. However, the anti-inflammation effect of empagliflozin was not significantly evident. Conclusions: Empagliflozin can partly prevent atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, which could be attributed to its inhibition on lipid profiles, and sympathetic activity.