bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROTOCOLO PARA USO CLÍNICO, MANUSEIO, TRANSPORTE E HIGIENIZAÇÃO DOS CAMPOS DE TECIDO PARA FORRAMENTO DE SUPERFÍCIE NA ODONTOLOGIA
Authors: Sousa Samantha Jessica Lopes , Santos Juliana Amorim dos , Costa-Júnior Edson Dias 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A administração do excesso de resíduos produzidos, principalmente em ambientes clínicos,é vista atualmente como um problema de saúde pública. Este panorama se deve à necessidade de controleda contaminação, refletido no uso contínuo de descartáveis como meio de garantir os princípios dabiossegurança. Entretanto, é possível lançar mão de itens reutilizáveis que se adéquam às normas debiossegurança, com o auxílio dos métodos corretos de higienização e de esterilização. Os camposodontológicos de tecido são uma alternativa sustentável em substituição à utilização dos camposdescartáveis. OBJETIVO: Este estudo propõe um protocolo para utilização dos campos reutilizáveis comoforramento das mesas de trabalho e auxiliares, apresentando sugestões para o transporte, manipulação elavagem. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma busca na literatura acerca de informações sobre usode campos de tecido, biossegurança na clínica odontológica e regulamentações para desinfecção demateriais e de superfícies no Brasil. RESULTADO: Por meio de programas de edição de imagem, umresumo ilustrativo com infográfico simplificado do protocolo contando com oito passos de execução foidesenvolvido. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que, embora campos de tecido sujos estejam potencialmentecontaminados, o risco de transmissão de doenças para os profissionais e para os pacientes que mantémcontato direto com este tecido torna-se desprezível, quando adequadamente manuseados, higienizados eesterilizados. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, oferecer uma alternativa de uso segura para estes camposreutilizáveis, além de fomentar a discussão sobre a produção excessiva de lixo no ambiente clínico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Contenção de Riscos Biológicos; Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Meio Ambiente; Esterilização; Controle de Infecções.
ARES. II. Characterizing the Hot Jupiters WASP-127 b, WASP-79 b, and WASP-62b with the Hubble Space Telescope*
Authors: Skaf Nour , Bieger Michelle Fabienne , Edwards Billy , Changeat Quentin , Morvan Mario , Kiefer Flavien , Blain Doriann , Zingales Tiziano , Poveda Mathilde , Al-Refaie Ahmed , Baeyens Robin , Gressier Amélie , Guilluy Gloria , Jaziri Adam Yassin , Modirrousta-Galian Darius , Mugnai Lorenzo V. , Pluriel William , Whiteford Niall , Wright Sam , Yip Kai Hou , Charnay Benjamin , Leconte Jérémy , Drossart Pierre , Tsiaras Angelos , Venot Olivia , Waldmann Ingo , Beaulieu Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the atmospheric characterization of three large, gaseous planets: WASP-127 b, WASP-79 b, and WASP-62 b. We analyzed spectroscopic data obtained with the G141 grism (1.088–1.68 μm) of the Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope using the Iraclis pipeline and the TauREx3 retrieval code, both of which are publicly available. For WASP-127 b, which is the least dense planet discovered so far and is located in the short-period Neptune desert, our retrieval results found strong water absorption corresponding to an abundance of log(H2O) = −2.71

and absorption compatible with an iron hydride abundance of log(FeH) =

, with an extended cloudy atmosphere. We also detected water vapor in the atmospheres of WASP-79 b and WASP-62 b, with best-fit models indicating the presence of iron hydride, too. We used the Atmospheric Detectability Index as well as Bayesian log evidence to quantify the strength of the detection and compared our results to the hot Jupiter population study by Tsiaras et al. While all the planets studied here are suitable targets for characterization with upcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope and Ariel, WASP-127 b is of particular interest due to its low density, and a thorough atmospheric study would develop our understanding of planet formation and migration.
Direct Measurement of the Solar-wind Taylor Microscale Using MMS Turbulence Campaign Data
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Matthaeus William H. , Chasapis Alexandros , Russell Christopher T. , Strangeway Robert J. , Torbert Roy B. , Giles Barbara L. , Gershman Daniel J. , Pollock Craig J. , Burch James L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Using the novel Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission data accumulated during the 2019 MMS Solar Wind Turbulence Campaign, we calculate the Taylor microscale (λ
T) of the turbulent magnetic field in the solar wind. The Taylor microscale represents the onset of dissipative processes in classical turbulence theory. However, an accurate estimation of the Taylor scale from spacecraft data is usually difficult due to low time cadence, the effect of time decorrelation, and other factors. Previous reports were based either entirely on the Taylor frozen-in approximation, which conflates time dependence, or were obtained using multiple data sets, which introduces sample-to-sample variation of plasma parameters, or had interspacecraft distances that were larger than the present study. The unique configuration of linear formation with logarithmic spacing of the four MMS spacecraft, during the campaign, enables a direct evaluation of the λ
T from a single data set, independent of the Taylor frozen-in approximation. A value of λ
T ≈ 7000 km is obtained, which is about three times larger than the previous estimates.
Evaluation of the effect of some medicinal plants on cultured Trichomonas Vaginalis
Authors: Selim Monira A , Fawzy Eman M , Abd El-Rahman Eman M , Abdel Hady Reem S , Badr Mohamed S , Abdel Hamed Enas F 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Trichomoniasis is a worldwide sexually transmitted disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. It inflicts severe complications to the human genitourinary system. The devastating negative effects and the emergence of resistance to common medication impose the search for safer and effective alternatives. This research aimed to investigate the effect of the Allium sativum, Nigella sativa crude extracts (NsCE) and the combination between their most effective doses with metronidazole.
Methodology: Vaginal swabs were obtained from symptomatic patients, and cultured on Diamond's medium. Assessment of various concentrations of these herbs at different follow-up periods was done by counting the number of dead T. vaginalis trophozoites using the hemocytometer and trypan blue staining. Transmission electron microscope study was done.
Results: NsCE 9 mg/mL yielded the highest lethal effect on T. vaginalis trophozoites after 72 hours, compared with metronidazole. Combination of NsCE 9 mg/mL and metronidazole 50 µg/mL gave the best result. Additionally, Tomex90 µg/mL, represents a tolerable effect after 72 hours, but metronidazole 100 µg/mL still has higher effect. These results were confirmed by the ultrastructural changes observed in T. vaginalis trophozoites, signifying severe damage of nucleus and cytoplasm with large vacuolization and cell membrane defects.
Conclusions: NsCE is a promising anti-Trichomonas especially its combination with metronidazole which showed a high synergistic effect.
Assessment of prophylactic antibiotic usage habits of the general surgeons in Turkey
Authors: Karaali Cem , Emiroglu Mustafa , Esin Huseyin , Sert Ismail , Aydın Cengiz , Atalay Sabri , Kose Sukran , Akbulut Gokhan , Oztop Mehmet Burak , Ozgun Hedef 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: One of the most important aspects of inappropriate antibiotic use among general surgeons in Turkey is the use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SP). In order to shed light on the current situation, we conducted a survey of general surgeons in our country. Our aim was to evaluate the approach taken by our general surgeons in prescribing SP, while providing data pertinent to the effectiveness of the ‘Rational Drug Use’ (AIK) national action plan.
Methodology: A questionnaire on the subject of personal SP usage and compliance with guidelines was distributed amongst general surgeons between 2018-2019. The questions related to individual approaches taken by surgeons when treating patients with either clean or clean-contaminated wounds. Results of the questionnaires were collated and compliance with ASHP guidelines was evaluated.
Results: A total of 317 completed questionnaires were evaluated. According to the questionnaire results, the rate of total compliance with ASHP guidelines was 26.8%. The compliance rate for preoperative SP was 69.7% in the clean wound group and 54.6% in the clean-contaminated wound group. Although 96.5% of the participants reported correct timing for the first dose of SP, this number dropped to 79.5% apropos the adminstration of further doses of prophylaxis. The percentage of surgeons prescribing continued antibiotics at discharge for clean and clean-contaminated cases was 22.7% and 38.5%, respectively.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that inappropriate use of SP is widespread in our country, and that antibiotics continue to be prescribed at discharge.
Blackleg in inadequately immunized calves and their recovery following antibiotic therapy
Authors: Guizelini Carolina C , Silvestre Otávio AC , Ramos Carlos AN , Gomes Danilo C , Lemos Ricardo Antonio A 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: There is consensus regarding the importance of blackleg vaccination as a preventive measure, and proper immunization protocols are available. However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of vaccine protection against Clostridium chauvoei and the treatment of the disease in calves exhibiting early or advanced clinical courses. This study describes twelve blackleg cases in unvaccinated calves and in calves that received a single dose of the vaccine. It also reports the recovery of some calves after antibiotic therapy.
Methodology: Two necropsies of cattle dead from blackleg were performed. Fragments of skeletal muscle from these two cattle were immersed in paraffin for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
Results: Twelve calves up to nine months of age developed signs of blackleg and eight died. Ten of those 9-month-old calves had received only the first dose of a blackleg vaccine at 4 months of age, but no booster. The last two affected calves belonged to a herd that had never been vaccinated. Four out of five calves treated with penicillin for 6-7 days recovered from the disease. The diagnosis of blackleg was based on necropsy, histopathological findings and detection of C. chauvoei in skeletal muscle samples of two necropsied calves using PCR.
Conclusions: The occurrence of cases only in calves that did not receive a booster dose or were not vaccinated indicated that the vaccine used was effective when performed as recommended by the manufacturer. However, neglecting the booster resulted in casualties due to blackleg.
Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19 among health professionals of Punjab province of Pakistan
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Mustafa Zia , Asif Noman , Zaidi Haider Abbas , Shehzadi Naureen , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Saleem Zikria , Hussain Khalid 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Considering health professionals among high-risk individuals, we aimed to evaluate their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the health professionals (medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, physiotherapists, hospital technicians and technologists) providing services at seven hospitals of Punjab province of Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices regarding COVID-19.
Results: All of the participants (N = 429) reported that they were aware of COVID-19 and social media was the major source (65%) of this information. Mean knowledge score was 12 ± 2.1, with 75.5% of participants having satisfactory knowledge. Doctors were found to have significantly better knowledge scores than the other health professionals (p = 0.001). Mean attitude score was 8.0 ± 1.2, with a wide majority of health professionals (86.5%) having positive attitudes. Regarding preventive practices, around 64% reported of always covering nose and mouth with a tissue paper during sneezing or coughing and nearly 65% disposed of the dirty tissue paper in trash bin. Only 40% of the participants reported that ‘if they do not have tissue, they cough or sneeze into upper sleeves’. Around 45% reported that they used face mask during their working hours in hospitals nowadays. Mean practice score was 23.3 ± 3.6, with 73.4% of health professionals having satisfactory practices.
Conclusions: The overall COVID-19 related KAP of Pakistani health professionals are satisfactory, however some misperceptions and malpractices uncovered in the present study must be addressed to effectively combat COVID-19.
Laboratory test alterations in patients with COVID-19 and non COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia: a preliminary report
Authors: Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Zinellu Angelo , Scano Valentina , Mulas Giulia , De Riu Giacomo , Pascale Rosa M , Arru Luigi B , Carru Ciriaco , Pirina Pietro , Mangoni Arduino A , Fois Alessandro G 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the greatest pandemic in modern history. Laboratory test alterations have been described in COVID-19 patients, but differences with other pneumonias have been poorly investigated to date, especially in Caucasian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate differences and prognostic potential of routine blood tests in a series of Italian patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia.
Methodology: Clinical data and routine laboratory tests of a consecutive series of 30 COVID-19 patients and 30 age and sex matched patients with non COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia have been retrospectively collected. Differences in laboratory tests between patients with COVID-19 and non COVID-19 pneumonias have been investigated, as well as differences between COVID-19 survivors and non survivors.
Results: COVID-19 patients had lower white blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and higher platelet counts. In addition, COVID-19 patients showed higher mean platelet volume, lower C reactive protein concentrations, and higher De Ritis ratio. Combined blood cell indexes of systemic inflammation were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients. In further analysis of the COVID-19 group, the neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR, systemic inflammation response index and De Ritis ratio, were significantly higher in non survivors than in survivors, while the number of platelets was significantly lower in non survivors.
Conclusions: Our study showed several alterations in blood cell populations and indexes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in comparison with patients with non COVID-19 pneumonia. Some of these indexes showed promising prognostic abilities. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results.
La presse d’annonces parisienne à la fin de l’Ancien Régime. Modes de communication et effets sociaux d’un nouveau média
Authors: Krampl Ulrike 
Published: August 2020

Outil de communication et pratique socio-économique, la « petite annonce » fait son entrée dans la presse européenne au cours du xvii e siècle avant de donner lieu à des périodiques dédiés. Plateforme d’échange au cœur du pouvoir, organe de la monarchie alimenté par un public de consommateurs et consommatrices éclairés, le titre parisien, Annonces, affiches et avis divers ou Journal général de France , fondé en 1751, connaît une croissance exponentielle dès les années 1770. S’insérant dans un espace médiatique composite au sein duquel l’interconnaissance et la sociabilité de face-à-face demeurent cruciales, le journal en propose une organisation inédite de la communication urbaine, agencée autour d’échanges entre particuliers largement hors circuits réglés par l’économie du privilège. Après l’analyse formelle de ce qui se présente comme une véritable trame de l’infra-ordinaire urbain, seront discutés les différents modes de communication que le journal suscite avant de proposer une réflexion, à partir de l’exemple circonscrit au marché du travail, sur les effets sociaux du nouveau média.
« Aller-vers » les situations de grande marginalité sociale, les effets sociaux d’un champ de pratiques sociales
Authors: Baillergeau Évelyne , Grymonprez Hans 
Published: August 2020

En tant que démarche d’approche et d’immersion auprès des populations restées à l’écart des politiques sociales et de santé publique, l’« aller-vers » a irrigué divers pans de l’intervention sociale tout au long du xx e siècle, tant en Amérique du Nord qu’en Europe. Il constitue même, dans divers pays, le cœur d’un champ de pratiques : le travail de rue. Cet article s’interroge sur les effets sociaux de ce champ de pratiques et sur sa capacité à remettre en cause des frontières symboliques qui affectent les relations entre la société et sa marge. Les auteurs prennent pour cela appui sur des recherches qualitatives menées en Belgique flamande, au Canada et aux Pays-Bas.
Ethiopia’s 2006 Legal Education Reform Programme: Aspirations and Standards
Authors: Stebek Elias N. 
Published: August 2020

Ethiopia’s Legal Education Reform Programme (launched in 2006) was based on series of studies which identified the problems in Ethiopia’s legal education, the causes and consequences of the problems and the standards that are required to be attained by law schools. After more than a decade, however, the level of compliance with the standards is still an issue of concern. This calls for self-assessment by each law school based on check-list regarding (i) the level of awareness about the standards for Ethiopian law schools, (ii) standards that are partly achieved and should be enhanced, (iii) what has not been achieved and should be pursued, and (iv) the problems that have been aggravated. Such self-assessment requires closer examination into the entry point (i.e., student admission and academic staff employment), inputs, processes, student-learning environment, and outputs. This article discusses the factors that necessitated the 2006 legal education reform programme and examines the core elements of the reform without, however, dealing with the details on achievements and challenges.
Key terms
Legal education · Quality · Standards · LL.B programmes · Reform · Ethiopia
Uncertainties in the Enforcement of Loan Agreements in the Informal Credit Markets in Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Gebreyesus Abegaz 
Published: August 2020

Credits from informal credit markets are commonly used by those who have limited access to formal financial institutions. There is no comprehensive legal framework that deals with informal credit markets in Ethiopia. The lack of clear, effective and enforceable legal framework to regulate transactions in the informal credit markets has created uncertainty on the applicable laws. Legal contentions on the formation of valid loan contracts and in relation to interest rates have caused ambiguities and inconsistent patterns of interpretation among courts, legal professionals and parties who are involved in the informal credit markets as borrower or lender. This article examines how the provisions of the Civil Code that regulate contract of loan are used and interpreted by courts and contracting parties. Thirty court cases are used to examine how courts apply the provisions of the Civil Code in their decisions in loan related cases in the context of informal credit markets.
Key terms
Contract of loan, Enforcement of contract, Access to finance, Informal credit markets, Oral evidence, Parol evidence rules
A Note on Resolution of Tax Disputes Arising from DTTs and Implications for Developing Countries
Authors: Byness Aschalew Ashagre 
Published: August 2020

Countries sign bilateral double tax treaties (DTTs) to avoid or mitigate double taxation in cross border economic activity. It is hardly possible to ignore the effect of double taxation in the era of globalization. DTTs are signed between two countries to allocate tax jurisdiction between them and to avoid tax disputes between the taxpayer and the country concerned. Nonetheless, tax disputes crop up since such treaties may be open to interpretation at the time of implementation. Hence, DTTs contain tax dispute resolution mechanism. The widely recognized dispute resolution mechanisms are the mutual agreement procedure (MAP) –a kind of negotiation between the two contracting states– and compulsory arbitration. However, the aptness and efficacy of these tax dispute resolution mechanisms have been seriously questioned particularly from the vantage point of developing countries such as Ethiopia. Although Ethiopia has signed several DTTs with a view to attracting FDI, no study has been made which sheds some light on the essence and operation of the MAP in the DTTs. This note aims at exploring the tax dispute resolution mechanisms incorporated in DTTs since such mechanisms have implication for developing countries including Ethiopia.
Key terms
Globalization, International taxation, Double taxation, Mutual agreement procedure, Compulsory arbitration
Efektifitas Jenis Perawatan Tali Pusat Terhadap Waktu Pelepasan Tali Pusat Pada Bayi Baru Lahir
Authors: Irmawati  
Published: August 2020

Latar belakang: Angka kematian bayi di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi, salah satunya disebabkan oleh infeksi bayi baru lahir hal ini merupakan penyebab kematian yang kedua setelah asfeksia neonatorum Tali pusat merupakan tempat yang sangat ideal untuk tumbuhnya bakteri, oleh karena itu pencegahan infeksi bakteri merupakan tindakan utama yang harus dilaksanakan dalam perawatan tali pusat. Menjaga agar tali pusat selalu kering dan bersih merupakan prinsip utama. Salah satu faktor yang paling mempengaruhi lama pelepasan tali pusat adalah cara perawatan tali pusat Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui efektifitas jenis perawatan tali pusat terhadap waktu pelepasan tali pusat pada bayi baru lahir.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan menggunakan 7 jurnal yang diperoleh melalu penelusuran internet pada Google Cendikiawan dengan pembatasan rentang waktu pencarian yaitu antara tahun 2005 sampai 2015.
Hasil: Hasil reveiw 7 jurnal diatas menunjukkan rerata waktu pelepasan tali pusat kelompok ASI adalah 5,03 hari, alkohol 70% 7,45 hari, dan perawatan tali pusat menggunakan kasa kering dan iodin 10% menunjukkan waktu pelepasan yang hampir sama yaitu 6,26 dan 6,25 hari.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan rerata pelepasan tali pusat antara empat intervensi dalam perawatan tali pusat yaitu menggunakan ASI, Iodin 10%, Alkohol 70%, dan perawatan kasa kering, dengan ASI adalah tercepat waktu pelepasan tali pusatnya.