bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis using the Functioning Assessment Short Test
Authors: Léda‐Rêgo Gabriela , Bezerra‐Filho Severino , Miranda‐Scippa Ângela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesSystematically review the prevalence of functional impairment (FI) in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD), as assessed only with the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), explore the prevalence of this impairment among all the domains, identify the most compromised of them and the clinical variables associated with low functioning in this population.MethodsMeta‐analyses were performed, searching for relevant papers published from 2007 to 2019 in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO databases and via hand‐searching, without language restrictions. 1128 studies were initially identified, 13 of which were ultimately chosen based on the eligibility criteria. A two‐step meta‐analysis was performed using the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval for continuous variables and proportion estimation with a fixed‐effects model for categorical variables.ResultsIn the first step, all FAST domains showed worse FI in patients than in healthy controls, with significant differences between groups. In the second step, the prevalence of FI domains were as follows: global, 58.6%; occupational, 65.6%; cognitive, 49.2%; autonomy, 42.6%; interpersonal relationships, 42.1%; leisure, 29.2%; and financial issues, 28.8%. Residual depressive symptoms were the most frequently cited variable associated with FI.ConclusionsThis study reinforces the relevant functional impact of BD in this population and suggests that the occupational domain may be the most impaired. Greater efforts should be directed toward targeting functioning in patient care, as it constitutes the most meaningful endpoint of response to treatment, especially with occupational and cognitive rehabilitation, thus allowing patients to overcome the course of illness and carry fulfilling lives.
Spleen participation in partial MHC class II construct neuroprotection in stroke
Authors: Brown John , Kingsbury Chase , Lee Jea‐Young , Vandenbark Arthur A. , Meza‐Romero Roberto , Offner Halina , Borlongan Cesar V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPathological progression of stroke in the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS) is characterized by multiple converging signalling pathways that exacerbate neuroinflammation‐mediated secondary cell death. This creates a need for a novel type of immunotherapy capable of simultaneously lowering the synergistic inflammatory responses in the PNS and CNS, specifically the spleen and brain. Previously, we demonstrated that partial major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II constructs can be administered subcutaneously to promote histological and behavioural effects that alleviate common symptoms found in a murine model of transient stroke. This MHC class II manipulates T cell cytokine expression in both PNS and CNS, resulting in dampened inflammation. In our long‐standing efforts towards translational research, we recently demonstrated that a potent next generation mouse‐based partial MHC class II construct named DRmQ (DRa1L50Q‐mMOG‐35‐55) similarly induces neuroprotection in stroke rats, replicating the therapeutic effects of the human homolog as DRhQ (DRa1L50Q‐human (h)MOG‐35‐55) in stroke mice. Our preclinical studies showed that DRmQ reduces motor deficits, infarct volume and peri‐infarct cell loss by targeting inflammation in this second species. Moreover, we provided mechanistic support in both animal studies that partial MHC class II constructs effectively modulate the spleen, an organ which plays a critical role in modulating secondary cell death. Together, these preclinical studies satisfy testing the constructs in two stroke models, which is a major criterion of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) criteria and a key step in effectively translating this drug to the clinic. Additional translational studies, including dose‐response and larger animal models may be warranted to bring MHC class II constructs closer to the clinic.
Differential glycaemic control with basal insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus degludec 100 U/mL according to kidney function in type 2 diabetes: A subanalysis from the BRIGHT trial
Authors: Haluzík Martin , Cheng Alice , Müller‐Wieland Dirk , Westerbacka Jukka , Bosnyak Zsolt , Lauand Felipe , Melas‐Melt Lydie , Karalliedde Janaka , Rosenstock Julio , Bolli Geremia B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) challenges diabetes management and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We examined whether clinical outcomes with insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) and insulin degludec 100 U/mL (IDeg‐100) are affected by renal function in a prespecified subgroup analysis from the BRIGHT trial.Materials and methodsBRIGHT (NCT02738151) was a multicentre, open‐label, randomized, active‐controlled, two‐arm, parallel‐group, 24‐week study in insulin‐naïve uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants were randomized 1:1 to evening Gla‐300 (n = 466) or IDeg‐100 (n = 463) and stratified based on baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for this analysis.ResultsHeterogeneity of treatment effect across renal function subgroups was observed (P = .02), reflecting a greater mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction from baseline to week 24 with Gla‐300 versus IDeg‐100 in the eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup (least squares mean difference: −0.43% [95% confidence interval: −0.74% to −0.12%]), while there were no differences in hypoglycaemia incidence or rates over 24 weeks in that subgroup. HbA1c reductions were similar between treatments in the other eGFR subgroups. However, heterogeneity was observed for annualized rates of anytime (24 hours) or nocturnal (00:00‐05:59 hours) confirmed hypoglycaemia (≤70 mg/dL [≤3.9 mmol/L]) over 24 weeks showing less hypoglycaemia with Gla‐300 versus IDeg‐100 in the ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionsKidney function seems to affect the glucose‐lowering effects of Gla‐300 versus IDeg‐100 in insulin‐naïve T2D. Greater HbA1c reductions with Gla‐300 without increase in hypoglycaemia risk, were observed in patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Exercise influences episodic memory via changes in hippocampal neurocircuitry and long‐term potentiation
Authors: Moore Damien , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ability to learn, store and recapture information about unique personal experiences is referred to as episodic memory and is sustained by a network of brain areas that are nestled within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and associated networks. Human and animal data demonstrate that these structural components are influential in the organization and processing of incoming information. Strengthening the cellular and neural communication within the aforementioned components of the brain, called long‐term potentiation (LTP), is considered a driving force underscoring the ability to recapture information about unique personal experiences. This process can be enhanced by exercise, thus facilitating improvements in episodic memory. This narrative review discusses the interrelationships (and underlying mechanisms) between exercise, LTP and episodic memory.
The effect of systemic rifampicin treatment on inferior alveolar nerve regeneration in rats following crush injury
Authors: Diker Nurettin , Caglayan Berrak , Helvacioglu Fatma , Kilic Ertugrul 
Published: April 2020

Axonal regeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a therapeutic target for functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Rifampicin exerts anti‐apoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidant effects on nerve tissues that may enhance functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of systemic rifampicin following IAN crush injury. Following the nerve crush injuries of the IAN, 24 Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups to receive daily intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle, 5 mg kg−1 rifampicin, or 20 mg kg−1 rifampicin. Twenty‐four days after induction of nerve injuries, Fluorogold (FG) was injected over the mental foramen for the evaluation of neuronal survival. At the end of the four‐week period, histologic and histomorphometric examination of IAN samples were performed and FG positive cells were counted in the trigeminal ganglion sections. FG positive cells were significantly more frequent in the 20 and 5 mg kg−1 rifampicin groups than in the vehicle‐treated group. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that the percentage of axons with optimum g‐ratio was significantly lower in the vehicle group than in both treatment groups. In conclusion, systemic rifampicin treatment can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration.
Population expansion and genomic adaptation to agricultural environments of the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens
Authors: Silva Cleane S. , Cordeiro Erick M.G. , de Paiva Julia B. , Dourado Patrick M. , Carvalho Renato A. , Head Graham , Martinelli Samuel , Correa Alberto S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvolutionary studies of insect pests improve our ability to anticipate problems in agricultural ecosystems, such as pest outbreaks, control failures, or expansions of the host range. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the evolutionary processes behind the recent census size expansion and local adaptation of Chrysodeixis includens. First, we sequenced mitochondrial markers to conduct a phylogeographic investigation of C. includens historical processes. Then, we combined a de novo genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach with a study of agricultural landscapes to uncover recent processes of adaptation. Primarily, we found low genetic diversity across all markers and clear indications of a recent demographic expansion. We also found a lack of significant isolation by distance (IBD), and weak or absent genetic structure considering geographic locations. However, we did find initial signs of population differentiation that were associated with host plant types (i.e., soybean and cotton). Agricultural landscape attributes, including soybean crops, were significantly associated with putative markers under positive selection. Moreover, positive selection associated with host differentiation was putatively linked to digestive enzymes. This study showed how landscape composition and host plants can affect the evolutionary process of agricultural pest insects such as C. includens.
Infaunal augurs of the Cambrian explosion: An Ediacaran trace fossil assemblage from Nevada, USA
Authors: Tarhan Lidya G. , Myrow Paul M. , Smith Emily F. , Nelson Lyle L. , Sadler Peter M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMorphologically complex trace fossils, recording the infaunal activities of bilaterian animals, are common in Phanerozoic successions but rare in the Ediacaran fossil record. Here, we describe a trace fossil assemblage from the lower Dunfee Member of the Deep Spring Formation at Mount Dunfee (Nevada, USA), over 500 m below the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary. Although millimetric in scale and largely not fabric‐disruptive, the Dunfee assemblage includes complex and sediment‐penetrative trace fossil morphologies that are characteristic of Cambrian deposits. The Dunfee assemblage records one of the oldest documented instances of sediment‐penetrative infaunalization, corroborating previous molecular, ichnologic, and paleoecological data suggesting that crown‐group bilaterians and bilaterian‐style ecologies were present in late Ediacaran shallow marine ecosystems. Moreover, Dunfee trace fossils co‐occur with classic upper Ediacaran tubular body fossils in multiple horizons, indicating that Ediacaran infauna and epifauna coexisted and likely formed stable ecosystems.
Growth patterns from birth to overweight at age 5‐6 years of children with various backgrounds in socioeconomic status and country of origin: the ABCD study
Authors: Vrijkotte Tanja G. M. , Oostvogels Adriëtte J. J. M. , Stronks Karien , Roseboom Tessa J. , Hof Michel H. P. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIntroductionChildren from minority groups are at increased risk of overweight. This study compared BMI growth patterns from birth onwards of boys and girls with overweight at 5‐6 years, according to socioeconomic status (SES) and country of origin, in order to gain more insight into the critical periods of growth to overweight.MethodsA total of 3714 singletons of the multi‐ethnic ABCD study were included. Within children with overweight at age 5‐6 years (N = 487, prevalence boys: 11.6%, girls: 14.6%), BMI growth patterns from birth onwards (12.8 serial measurements; SD = 3.1) were compared between children from European (69.4%) and non‐European mothers (30.6%), and between children from low (20.8%), mid (37.0%) or high SES (42.2%), based on maternal educational level.ResultsBMI growth to overweight did not differ between children of European or non‐European mothers, but it did differ according to maternal SES. Children with overweight in the low and mid SES group had a lower BMI in the first 2 years of life, an earlier adiposity rebound and increased in BMI more rapidly after age 2, resulting in a higher BMI at age 7 years compared to children with overweight in the high SES group [∆BMI (kg/m2) between high and low SES: boys 1.43(95%CI:0.16;3.01) and girls 1.91(0.55;3.27)].ConclusionChildren with overweight from low SES have an early adiposity rebound and accelerated growth to a higher BMI at age 5‐6 years compared to children with overweight from the high SES group. These results imply that timing of critical periods for overweight development is earlier in children with a low socioeconomic background as compared to other children.
Adipose tissue macrophages: Unique polarization and bioenergetics in obesity
Authors: Caslin Heather L. , Bhanot Monica , Bolus W. Reid , Hasty Alyssa H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMacrophages comprise a majority of the resident immune cells in adipose tissue (AT) and regulate both tissue homeostasis in the lean state and metabolic dysregulation in obesity. Since the AT environment rapidly changes based upon systemic energy status, AT macrophages (ATMs) must adapt phenotypically and metabolically. There is a distinct dichotomy in the polarization and bioenergetics of in vitro models, with M2 macrophages utilizing oxidative phosphorylation (OX PHOS) and M1 macrophages utilizing glycolysis. Early studies suggested differential polarization of ATMs, with M2‐like macrophages predominant in lean AT and M1‐like macrophages in obese AT. However, recent studies show that the phenotypic plasticity of ATMs is far more complicated, which is also reflected in their bioenergetics. Multiple ATM populations exist along the M2 to M1 continuum and appear to utilize both glycolysis and OX PHOS in obesity. The significance of the dual fuel bioenergetics is unclear and may be related to an intermediate polarization, their buffering capacity, or the result of a mixed population of distinct polarized ATMs. Recent evidence also suggests that ATMs of lean mice serve as a substrate buffer or reservoir to modulate lipid, catecholamine, and iron availability. Furthermore, recent models of weight loss and weight cycling reveal additional roles for ATMs in systemic metabolism. Evaluating ATM phenotype and intracellular metabolism together may more accurately illuminate the consequences of ATM accumulation in obese AT, lending further insight into obesity‐related comorbidities in humans.
The mediating influence of smartwatch identity on deep use and innovative individual performance
Authors: Ogbanufe Obi , Gerhart Natalie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven its personal and ubiquitous nature, the smartwatch can easily become infused into individuals’ daily lives, social roles, and relationships. This type of intertwinement of an information technology (IT) in the daily lives of individuals creates an IT identity. To understand this phenomenon in the personal IT context, this research draws from the IT identity and valence frameworks to examine how benefits and risks of smartwatch use affect deep use and innovative individual performance through smartwatch identity. Specifically, we examine how social interactions and belongingness (i.e., benefits) and privacy risk (i.e., risk) influence the building of the smartwatch identity, and in turn both deep use and innovative individual performance. Further, we explore the mediating influence of smartwatch identity. Using a survey, we collected data from 216 smartwatch users. The analysis provides evidence for the IT identity to deep use link and IT identity to innovative individual performance link. This work contributes to the IT identity literature by examining and showing how both positive and negative aspects of the smartwatch influence identity construction. This work also demonstrates the relationships between IT identity and performance, and deep use and performance. For practice, we offer insights for enhancing identity and performance.
Skeletal deformities in wild and farmed cleaner fish species used in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar aquaculture
Authors: Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Madaro Angelico , Hvas Malthe , Stien Lars Helge , Oppedal Frode , Fraser Thomas WK 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs a first attempt to assess bone health in cleaner fish production, wild and cultured ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta and lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus were examined by radiology. In C. lumpus, wild fish (57%) had more vertebra deformities (≥1 deformed vertebrae) than cultured fish (2–16%). One wild C. lumpus had lordosis and another was missing the tail fin. In L. bergylta, wild fish (11%) had fewer vertebra deformities than cultured individuals (78–91%). Among the cultured L. bergylta, 17–53% of the fish had severe vertebra deformities (≥6 deformed vertebrae) with two predominate sites of location, one between vertebra 4 and 10 (S1) in the trunk, and one between 19 and 26 (S2) in the tail. Fusions dominated S1, while compressions dominated S2. Although wild L. bergylta had a low vertebra deformity level, 83% had calluses and 14% had fractures in haemal/neural spines and/or ribs. The site‐specific appearance and pathology of fracture and callus in wild L. bergylta suggests these are induced by chronic mechanical stress, and a possible pathogenesis for fish hyperostosis is presented based on this notion. In conclusion, good bone health was documented in cultured C. lumpus, but cultured L. bergylta suffered poor bone health. How this affects survival, growth, swimming abilities and welfare in cultured wrasse should be further investigated.Significance StatementSkeletal deformities were studied in ballan wrasse and lumpfish of both wild and cultured origin for the first time to identify potential welfare issues when deploying them as cleaner fish in salmon sea cages. While cultured lumpfish showed good bone health, cultured wrasse had a high occurrence of vertebra deformities, which is expected to impact lice eating efficiency and animal welfare negatively. These deformities are most likely induced early in development.
Triploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar have a higher dietary phosphorus requirement for bone mineralization during early development
Authors: Sambraus Florian , Hansen Tom , Daae Britt S. , Thorsen Anders , Sandvik Roar , Stien Lars H. , Fraser Thomas W. K. , Fjelldal Per Gunnar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of a dietary phosphorus regime in freshwater on vertebra bone mineralization was assessed in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Fish were fed either a low phosphorus (LP) diet containing 10.5 g kg−1 total phosphorus or a normal phosphorus (NP) diet containing 17.4 g kg−1 total phosphorus from ∼3 to ∼65 g (day 126) in body weight. Two further groups were fed the NP diet from ∼3 g in body weight, but were then switched to the LP diet after 38 (∼10 g in body weight) or 77 (∼30 g in body weight) days. Growth, vertebral ash content (% ash) and radiologically detectable vertebra pathologies were assessed. Triploids were initially smaller than diploids, and again on day 77, but there was no ploidy effect on days 38 or 126. Vertebral ash content increased with increasing body size and those fish fed the NP diet had higher vertebral ash content than those groups fed the LP diet during the intervening time period, but this diet effect became less apparent as fish grew, with all groups having relatively equal vertebral ash content at termination. In general, triploids had lower vertebral ash content than diploids on day 38 and this was most evident in the group fed the LP diet. On day 77, those triploids fed the LP diet during the intervening time period had lower vertebral ash content than diploids. At termination on day 126, the triploids had the same vertebral ash content as diploids, irrespective of diet. There was a ploidy × diet interaction on vertebral deformities, with triploids having higher prevalences of fish with ≥1 deformed vertebra in all dietary groups except continuous NP. In conclusion, between days 0 and 77 (3–30 g body size), triploids required more dietary phosphorus than diploids in order to maintain similar vertebral ash content. A possible link between phosphorus feeding history and phosphorus demand is also discussed.
B‐box proteins: Pivotal players in light‐mediated development in plants
Authors: Song Zhaoqing , Bian Yeting , Liu Jiujie , Sun Yuting , Xu Dongqing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLight signals mediate a number of physiological and developmental processes in plants, such as flowering, photomorphogenesis, and pigment accumulation. Emerging evidence has revealed that a group of B‐box proteins (BBXs) function as central players in these light‐mediated developmental processes. B‐box proteins are a class of zinc‐coordinated transcription factors or regulators that not only directly mediate the transcription of target genes but also interact with various other factors to create a complex regulatory network involved in the precise control of plant growth and development. This review summarizes and highlights the recent findings concerning the critical regulatory functions of BBXs in photoperiodic flowering, light signal transduction and light‐induced pigment accumulation and their molecular modes of action at the transcriptional and post‐translational levels in plants