bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal effects shape the alternative splicing of parental alleles in reciprocal cross hybrids of Megalobrama amblycephala ´ Culter alburnus
Authors: Ren Li , Yan Xiaojing , Gao Xin , Cui Jialin , Yan Pengcheng , Wu Chang , Li Wuhui , Liu Shaojun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background : Maternal effects contribute to adaptive significance for shaping various phenotypes of many traits. Potential implications of maternal effects are the cause of expression diversity, but these effects on mRNA expression and alternative splicing (AS) have not been fully elucidated in hybrid animals. Results: Two reciprocal cross hybrids following hybridization of Megalobrama amblycephala (blunt snout bream, BSB) and Culter alburnus (topmouth culter, TC) were used as a model to investigate maternal effects. In a comparison of BSB- and TC- homoeolog expression from the two reciprocal cross hybrids, we identified 49–348 differentially expressed BSB-homoeologous genes and 54–354 differentially expressed TC-homoeologous genes. 2402, 2959, and 3418 AS events between the two reciprocal cross hybrids were detected in Illumina data of muscle, liver, and gonads, respectively. Moreover, 21,577 (TC-homoeologs) and 30,007 (BSB-homoeologs) AS events were found in the 20,131 homoeologous gene pairs of TBF3 based on PacBio data, while 30,561 (TC-homoeologs) and 30,305 (BSB-homoeologs) AS events were found in BTF3. These results further improve AS prediction at the homoeolog level. The various AS patterns in bmpr2a belonged to the bone morphogenetic protein family were selected as an AS model to investigate expression diversity and their potential effects to body shape traits.Conclusions: The distribution of differentially expressed genes and AS in BSB- and TC-subgenomes exhibited various changes between the two reciprocal cross hybrids, suggesting that maternal effects were the cause of expression diversity. These findings provide a novel insight into mRNA expression changes and AS under maternal effects in lower vertebrates.
Association of complete uncinate process removal on 2-year assessment of radiologic outcomes: subsidence and sagittal balance in patients receiving one-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Noh Sung Hyun , Park Jeong Yoon , Kuh Sung Uk , Chin Dong Kyu , Kim Keun Su , Cho Yong Eun , Kim Kyung Hyun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Many patients with cervical radiculopathy experience stenosis of the neural foramens due to cumulative osteophyte or uncovertebral joint hypertrophy. For cervical foraminal stenosis, complete uncinate process resection (UPR) is often conducted concurrently with anterior discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of ACDF with complete UPR versus ACDF without UPR. Methods: In total, 105 patients who performed one-level ACDF with a cage-and-plate construct between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 37 patients had ACDF with complete UPR, and 68 patients had ACDF without UPR. Radiologic outcomes of disc height, C2–C7 lordosis, T1 slope, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), center of the sella turcica–C7 SVA (St-SVA), spino-cranial angle (SCA), and fusion rate were evaluated on plain X-ray at pre-operation, immediately post-operation, and at 2-year follow-up. For statistically matched pairs analysis, ACDF with UPR group (24 patients) and ACDF without UPR (24 patients) were compared.Results: All of the clinical parameters improved at the 2-year follow up (P<0.0001). Improvement in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for arm pain was significantly improved in the ACDF with complete UPR group immediately post-operation. All cervical sagittal parameters, including cervical lordosis, segmental angle, disc height, C2-C7 SVA, St-SVA, T1 slope, and SCA, except for preoperative St-SVA, SCA, and disc height of 2 years follow-up, were similar between the ACDF with complete UPR and ACDF without UPR groups. Differences in disc height, C2-C7 SVA, and SCA at 2-year follow up after preoperative examination, however, were statistically significant (p<0.05). Subsidence occurred in 9 patients (ACDF with complete UPR: 8 cases [33%] versus ACDF without UPR: 1 cases [4%]; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Cervical sagittal alignment after ACDF with complete UPR is not significantly different from that achieved with ACDF without UPR. However, subsidence appears to occur more often after ACDF with complete UPR than after ACDF without UPR, although with little to no clinical impact. More precise and careful selection of patients is needed when deciding on additional complete UPR.
The Correlation between Follow-up MRI Findings and Laboratory Results in Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis
Authors: Ahn Kyung-Sik , Kang Chang Ho , Hong Suk-Joo , Kim Baek Hyun , Shim Euddeum 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Although MRI is the gold-standard imaging method in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, role of follow-up imaging is debated and there can be discrepancies with regard to the significance of bony or soft tissue responses to treatment. Purpose of our study is to test whether the MRI changes on follow-up imaging correlate with laboratory findings of treatment response.Methods: A total of 48 patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis who underwent baseline and follow-up MRI were retrospectively reviewed. The extent of bone marrow edema, paravertebral soft tissue inflammation, and disc height were compared on baseline and follow-up MRIs with the C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels obtained from the medical records at baseline and on follow-up. Relationships between the MRI and laboratory changes were analyzed using the Spearmann correlation test.Results: The mean MRI follow-up period was 42.25 days. Based on the CRP (resolved: n=19, resolving: n=19, and aggravated: n=10), there was significant correlation between the laboratory results and the changes in the bone and soft tissues (p < 0.01, both). The correlation was best with soft tissue changes (rho: 0.48) followed by bony changes (rho: 0.41). Based on the ESR (resolved: n=8, resolving: n=22, and worsened: n=18), the correlation was stronger with bone changes (rho: 0.45, p < 0.01) than it was with soft tissue changes (rho: 0.39, p = 0.01).Conclusion: Follow-up MRI findings of pyogenic spondylodiscitis show variable tissue responses. CRP was best correlated with soft tissue changes, while ESR showed the best association with bony changes.
A comparison, for older people with diabetes, of health and health care utilisation in two different health systems on the island of Ireland
Authors: Pierse Tom , Barry Luke , Glynn Liam , Murphy Andrew W , Cruise Sharon , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: There are social and economic differences between Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI). There are also differences in the health care systems in the two jurisdictions. The aims of this study are to compare health (prevalence of diabetes and related complications) and health care utilisation (general practitioner, outpatient or accident and emergency utilisation) among older people with diabetes in the NI and ROI. Methods: Large scale comparable surveys of people over 50 years of age in Northern Ireland (NICOLA, wave 1) and the Republic of Ireland (TILDA, wave 1) are used to compare people with diabetes (type I and type II) in the two jurisdictions. The combined data set comprises 1,536 people with diabetes. A coarsened exact matching approach is used to compare health care utilisation among people with diabetes in NI and ROI with equivalent demographic, lifestyle and illness characteristics (age, gender, education, smoking status and self-related health, number of other chronic diseases and number of diabetic complications).Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes in the 50 to 84 years old age group is 3.4 percentage points higher in NI (11.1% in NI, 7.7% ROI, p-value < 0.01). The diabetic population in NI appear sicker – with more diabetic complications and more chronic illnesses. Comparing people with diabetes in the two jurisdictions with similar levels of illness we find that there are no statistically significant differences in GP, outpatient or A&E utilisation.Conclusion: Despite the proximity of NI and ROI there are substantial differences in the prevalence of diabetes and its related complications. Despite differences in the health services in the two jurisdictions the differences in health care utilisation for an equivalent cohort are small.
Factors affecting physiotherapy clinical education in the United Arab Emirates: Perceptions of students and clinical educator.
Authors: Ramakrishnan Senthilnathan , Bairapareddy Kalyana Chakravarthy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Clinical education is the cornerstone of physiotherapy education. Clinical educators play a pivotal role in shaping students’ attitude towards their future role as physiotherapist. But the implementation of physiotherapy clinical education varies significantly between institutions. Research has shown several factors influencing the clinical education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the factors affecting physiotherapy clinical education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods This research used mixed-methods approach and recruited participants through purposive and convenience sampling. Data was collected through a survey using questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. Thirty-four physiotherapy students completed a questionnaire after attending 12 weeks of clinical placements. Twenty-six clinical educators and 9 students participated in the interview. Descriptive statistics including frequency percentage, median and percentiles were used for quantitative data analysis. Thematic analysis method was used for qualitative data analysis. Results Quantitative study found greater student satisfaction in clinical education. But the qualitative study identified several factors affecting clinical education in the context of this study. These factors include student interest, learning style, culture, and ability to cope with challenges. In addition, clinical educator workload, teaching strategies, curriculum knowledge, academic-clinical partnership, peer learning, placement model and expectations were the other factors that influenced physiotherapy clinical education within the UAE. Conclusions The findings of this study are useful to physiotherapy clinical educators, students, and faculty. It provides insight into various factors affecting physiotherapy clinical education. Furthermore, it recommends evidence-based strategies to neutralize those factors influencing clinical education.
Prevalence of antibodies against a cyclic peptide mimicking the FG loop of the human papillomavirus type 16 capsid among Tunisian women
Authors: Hassen Elham , Bansal Devendra , Ghdira Randa , Chaieb Anouar , Khairi Hedi , Zakhama Abdelfatteh , Remadi Sami , Hoebeke Johan , Sultan Ali A , Chouchane Lotfi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background In the past decade, the cervical cancer rank went down from the second to the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide but remains ranked second in developing countries. High-risk types of human papillomavirus, mainly type 16, are the sexually transmitted agents etiologically linked to cervical cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the usefulness of a cyclic synthetic peptide designed from the major L1 capsid protein of the HPV16 for detecting anti-HPV16 antibodies. Methods We designed and synthetized a peptide that corresponds to the full sequence of the surface-exposed FG loop. We tested against HPV16 L1 monoclonal antibodies the antigenicity of the linear and the cyclic peptides. Detection of anti-peptide antibodies was assessed by ELISA in sera and cervical secretions of 179 Tunisian women. For HPV DNA detection and genotyping, polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing methods were applied. Results Both the linear and the cyclic peptides were recognized by the same neutralizing monoclonal antibodies but the cyclic peptide was more reactive with human sera. In contrast to HPV16 DNA prevalence, the prevalence of the anti-peptide antibodies in sera was higher in women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) than in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL) (44% and 15%, respectively). Compared to women from the general population, systemic IgG prevalence was significantly higher among sex workers (25%; P=0.002) and women with LGSIL (44%; P=0.001). In addition, systemic IgA and cervical IgG prevalence was higher, only among sex workers (p=0.002 and P=0.001 respectively). We did not observe anti-peptide IgG antibodies in women with a current HPV16 infection.Conclusion Anti-peptide IgG in sera or in cervical secretions could be markers of an effective natural immunization against the HPV16. This may open novel perspective for monitoring vaccinated women and for the design of synthetic peptide-based vaccine.
Unrevealing model compounds of soil conditioners impacts on the wheat straw autohydrolysis efficiency and enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Wu Xinxing , Tang Wei , Huang Chen , Huang Caoxing , Lai Chenhuan , Yong Qiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Soil-derived exogenous ash (EA) poses a challenge toward lignocellulosics autohydrolysis due to its buffering capacity. Previous works focusing on this phenomenon have failed to also investigate the role that soluble salts, and organic matter plays in this system. Herein, sodium phosphate and sodium humate were employed as model buffering compounds representing soluble salts and organic matter and dosed into a de-ashed wheat straw (DWS) autohydrolysis process to show the potential impacts of WS attached soil conditioners on the WS autohydrolysis efficiency which would further affect the enzymatic digestibility of autohydrolyzed WS.Results: Results showed that with the increasing loadings of sodium phosphate and sodium humate resulted in elevated pH values (from 4.0 to 5.1 and from 4.1 to 4.7, respectively). Meanwhile, the reductions of xylan removal yields from ~84.3-61.4% to 72.3-53.0% by loading (1~30 g/L) sodium phosphate and sodium humate during WS autohydrolysis lead to a significant decrease of cellulose accessibilities which finally lead to a reduction of the enzymatic digestibility of autohydrolyzed WS from ~75.4-77.2% to 47.3-57.7%.Conclusion: The existence of different types soil conditioner model compounds result in various component fractions from autohydrolyzed WS in the process of autohydrolysis. A lack of sufficient xylan removal was found to drive the significant decrease in enzymatic accessibility. The results demonstrated the various effects of two typical tested soil conditioners on WS autohydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis.
Scalpel can achieve better clinical outcomes compared with electric cautery in primary total knee arthroplasty: A comparison study.
Authors: Lin Wei , Dai Yike , Niu Jinghui , Yang Guangmin , Li Ming , Wang Fei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Whether using the scalpel can provide better and faster recovery after the primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still controversial. The aim of this research was to compare the clinical outcomes of using the scalpel and the electric cautery in primary TKA.Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 313 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using the scalpel (group S). During this period, we selected 313 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using the electric cautery (group E) for comparison. The tourniquet time, operative time, blood loss, wound complications, visual analog score for pain, range of motion, Knee Society Score were assessed between the two groups. The Forgotten Joint Score was used to analyze the ability to forget the joint. Results: There were no significant differences in tourniquet time, operative time, blood loss between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the group S, the visual analog score for pain, range of motion, Knee Society Score were found better results at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery (p < 0.05). Besides, during the follow-up period, the Forgotten Joint Score was significantly higher compared with group E (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In this research, the patients who underwent TKA by using the scalpel could achieve better clinical outcomes. In addition, if forgotten artificial joint after TKA was the final goal, the patients who underwent TKA by using the scalpel would acquire better quality of life.
Strong Association between Serotonin Transporter 5-HTTVNTR Variant and Psychoactive Substance (Nicotine) Use in the Turkish Cypriot Population
Authors: Kandemis Emine , Tuncel Gulten , Asut Ozen , Temel Sehime G. , Ergoren Mahmut C. 
Published: June 2020

Background:The use of psychoactive substances is one of the most dangerous social problems worldwide. Nicotine dependence results from the interaction between neurobiological, environmental and genetic factors. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has a wide range of central nervous system activities. The serotonin transporter gene has been previously linked to psychological traits.Objective:A variable number of tandem repeats within the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic gene region are believed to alter the transcriptional efficiency of the 5-HTT gene. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between this polymorphic site and smoking behavior in the Turkish Cypriot population.Methods:A total of 259 (100 smokers, 100 non-smokers and 59 ex-smokers) Turkish Cypriots were included in this population-based cross-sectional study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and the 5-HTTVNTR2 polymorphisms were determined by the PCR-RFLP.Results:The allelic frequency and genotype distribution results of this study showed a strong association (P<0.0001) between smokers and non-smokers. No statistical significance was found between non-smokers and ex-smokers.Conclusion:This is the first genetic epidemiology study to investigate the allelic frequencies of 5-HTTVNTR2 polymorphisms associated with smoking behavior in the Turkish Cypriot population. Based on the results of this study, genome-wide association studies should be designed for preventive medicine in this population.
2020 FDA Drug-drug Interaction Guidance: A Comparison Analysis and Action Plan by Pharmaceutical Industrial Scientists
Authors: Sudsakorn Sirimas , Bahadduri Praveen , Fretland Jennifer , Lu Chuang 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In January 2020, the US FDA published two final guidelines, one entitled “In vitro Drug
Interaction Studies - Cytochrome P450 Enzyme- and Transporter-Mediated Drug Interactions Guidance for Industry”
and the other entitled “Clinical Drug Interaction Studies - Cytochrome P450 Enzyme- and Transporter-Mediated
Drug Interactions Guidance for Industry”. These were updated from the 2017 draft in vitro and clinical DDI
guidance.

Methods:
This study is aimed to provide an analysis of the updates along with a comparison of the DDI guidelines
published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency
(PMDA) along with the current literature.

Results:
The updates were provided in the final FDA DDI guidelines and explained the rationale of those changes
based on the understanding from research and literature. Furthermore, a comparison among the FDA, EMA, and
PMDA DDI guidelines are presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

Conclusion:
The new 2020 clinical DDI guidance from the FDA now has even higher harmonization with the
guidance (or guidelines) from the EMA and PMDA. A comparison of DDI guidance from the FDA 2017, 2020,
EMA, and PMDA on CYP and transporter based DDI, mathematical models, PBPK, and clinical evaluation of DDI
is presented in this review.
Effective Pharmacophore for CDC25 Phosphatases Enzyme Inhibitors: Newly Synthesized Bromothiazolopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: El-Shahat Mahmoud , Salama Mowafia. A.M. , El-Farargy Ahmed F. , Ali Mamdouh M. , Ahmed Dalia M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Thiazolopyrimidine analogues are versatile synthetic scaffold possessing wide
spectrum of biological interests involving potential anticancer activity.

Objective:
To report the synthesis of novel bromothiazolopyrimidine derivatives and the study of both
molecular modeling and in-vitro anticancer activity.

Methods:
Novel bromothiazolopyrimidine derivatives 5-18 have been prepared from 2-bromo-3-(4-
chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-propenone 3 as a key starting compound. The anti-cancer activities
of the new compounds were evaluated against HepG2, MCF-7, A549 and HCT116 cell lines.

Results:
The compounds 16, 17 and 18 showed cytotoxic and growth inhibitory activities on both
colon and lung cells. The cytotoxic activities of the novel synthetic compounds 8, 9, 11, 16, 17 and 18
were due to CDC25 phosphatases inhibition as shown by the enzymatic binding assay. Although compounds
8, 9 and 11 have only demonstrated CDC25B phosphatases inhibition.

Conclusion:
The novel bromothiazolopyrimidine derivatives showed promising in vitro anticancer
activities against colon cancer HCT116 and lung cancer A549 cell lines comparable to the anticancer
drug doxorubicin.
The New NNRTI ACC007 Combined with Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Show Synergy Anti-HIV Activity In Vitro
Authors: Huang Xu-Sheng , Luo Rong-Hua , Hu Xiong-Lin , Chen Huan , Xiang Si-Ying , Tang Cheng-Run , Zhang Chun-Tao , Shen Xiao-Ning , Zheng Yong-Tang 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can hardly be cured currently and
people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) need lifelong treatment that may result in the
emergence of drug resistance which leads to failed treatment. Thus, the development of new anti-
HIV drugs and new treatment regimens are necessary.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to analyze the combined anti-HIV activity of tenofovir disoproxil
fumarate, lamivudine and ACC007, a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Methods:
The antiviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and ACC007 alone or
in combination against different HIV-1 strains was determined by the detection of HIV-1 p24 level
through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Result:
ACC007 showed EC50 of nanomolar range (from 3.03 nM to 252.59 nM) against all HIV-1
strains used in this study except the HIV-1A17, with EC50 of 1.57 μM. The combined antiviral activity
of ACC007, lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate showed synergy antiviral activity
against all HIV-1 strains used in this study. The three-drug combination showed moderate synergism
against HIV-1A17, HIV-14755-5, HIV-1K103N and HIV-1V106M, with a combination index value
ranging from 0.71 to 0.87, and showed synergism against the other HIV-1 strains with combination
index value from 0.35 to 0.67. The combination with ACC007 significantly increases the dose reduction
index value of lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, compared with two-drug
combination.

Conclusion:
ACC007 exhibits potent antiviral activity alone or with 3TC and TDF, and exerts synergistic
effect against all HIV strains used in our investigation in vitro.