bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Heterogeneous Nucleation for Patterning High‐Quality Vertical and Horizontal ZnO Microstructures toward Photodetectors
Authors: Li Haohao , Liu Meilin , Zhao Jinjin , Gao Hanfei , Feng Jiangang , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐quality crystalline micro‐ and nanostructures based on inorganic semiconductors including zinc oxide (ZnO) have attracted considerable interest in electronic and optoelectronic applications due to their outstanding properties. ZnO micro‐ and nanocrystals can be fabricated by the moderate and high throughput hydrothermal synthesis. Yet it is restricted by patterning large‐area ZnO crystals with high‐quality and programmable geometries through the hydrothermal process for the optoelectronic integration. Here, a capillary‐bridge manipulation approach is demonstrated to control the dewetting process of ZnO precursor solution for patterning precursor arrays. Based on precursor arrays, vertically aligned high‐quality ZnO microrod arrays with homogeneous morphology and pure crystallographic orientation are fabricated via a hydrothermal epitaxial method. Statistical results and crystallization theories guide the experimental optimization and discussion of the crystallization mechanism, dominated by the competition between homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation. High‐quality ZnO microbelt arrays are achieved through a surfactant‐mediated hydrothermal method after ZnO microrod arrays are transferred to a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. Photodetectors based on ZnO microbelts exhibit a high responsivity of 2.3 × 104 A W−1, a light on–off ratio exceeding 105, and stable recyclability. It is anticipated that this work provides new insights into patterning inorganic high‐quality micro‐ and nanostructures for multi‐functional integrated devices.
Construction of Smart Manganese Dioxide‐Based All‐in‐One Nanoplatform for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Liu Xiangmei , Zhou Yanli , Xie Wangwang , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractManganese dioxide (MnO2)‐based functional nanomaterials have attracted great attention in the fields of nanoscience, biosensors, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, and cancer therapy. Especially, all‐in‐one tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive MnO2‐based nanoagents have become a research hotspot due to their simple fabrication procedure, high specific surface area, controllable size and morphologies, easy surface modification, TME response, and oxygen generation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies for construction of MnO2‐based all‐in‐one nanoplatforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Major highlighted topics in this paper focus on the controllable fabrication of MnO2 nanobuilding blocks, tumor targeting accumulation, working mechanisms of enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and the necessary considerations for construction of all‐in‐one nanoplatform. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this rapidly growing research field are also discussed, which will provide guidance on the future works about the clinical translation of MnO2‐based all‐in‐one nanoplatform.
Solving Boolean polynomial systems by parallelizing characteristic set method for cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Zhao Juan , Zhu Min , Li Xiaoyong , Huang Zhenyu , Li Jincai , Song Junqiang 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMany cyber‐attach schemes and coding models established by algebra tools are build to address the problem of security of cyber‐pysical systems (CPS). As an important field of algebra computing, Boolean Polynomial System Solving (PoSSo) problem plays a very important role in many algebra applications. In this article, we propose an efficient Parallel Boolean Characteristic Set method (PBCS) under the high‐performance computing environment to improve the efficiency of solving Boolean polynomial systems. The PBCS is implemented based on the state‐of‐the‐art Boolean Characteristic Set method (BCS). It adopts a master‐slave parallel pattern, and distributes tasks based on the polynomial sets after initial zero decomposition. We design a strategy of dynamically reallocating tasks to ameliorate load imbalance, which is caused by dynamical zero decomposition of polynomials. Furthermore, we improve its performance by optimizing the parameter settings of PBCS, including the maximum number of polynomial branches that trigger the dynamic allocation policy and the scheduling time. Experimental results with solving several Boolean polynomial systems confirm that PBCS is efficient and scalable, especially for the equations generating from stream ciphers that have block triangular structure. Moreover, the method also has good scalability. It shows a stable speedup as well even extending to the size of thousands of CPU cores.
Behavior of RC stepped beams with different configurations: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Fayed Sabry , Basha Ali , Elsamak Galal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the current research, an experimental program, consisting of one straight beam and seven stepped beams (SBs), is to be carried out. Furthermore, a numerical validation is to be applied using finite element analysis. The effect of the additional vertical and horizontal stirrups, the diagonal bars, the configuration of the tension bars, and the inclination angle of the stepped joint on the behavior of the SB is to be examined. Moreover, the influence of the width and the drop of the stepped joint on the behavior of the SB is to be induced. Compared with the straight beam, the ratios of the ultimate load decrease of the SB ranged from −64.23% to 0.00%. On the one hand, as the joint drop increases, the ultimate load of the SB decreases. On the other hand, when the joint width increases, the ultimate load of the SB increases. Many proposed techniques in reinforcing and dimensions of the stepped part have increased the flexural capacity. Proposed equations of the flexural capacity of the SB are to be induced after examination, taking into consideration the required parameters of the stepped beams, such as the compressive strength of the concrete, the tension and the compression steel, the dimension of the beam section, the horizontal stirrups, the diagonal bars, or the width and the drop of the stepped joint.
Organic Design of Biomorphic Superstructures
Authors: Huynh Tan‐Phat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNature has endowed extraordinary beauty and functional significance in the form of biological morphology. Inspired by nature, biomorphic superstructures have been designed and synthesized from organic precursors in a laboratory. Although the complexity of synthetic superstructures is lower compared to natural forms, from an engineering point of view they possess competitive advantages such as low cost, ease of fabrication, and, occasionally, unexpected characteristics. Thus, there are still plenty of excitingly biomorphic superstructures waiting to be discovered.
1+1≥2? Norbornadiene‐Azobenzene Molecules as Multistate Photoswitches
Authors: Kunz Anne , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBy combination of two photochromic molecules as multistate photoswitches new properties regarding to molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage systems and information storage capacity of smart materials are expected. By fusing the azobenzene with the norbornadiene system, new multinary photoswitches were designed. A successful synthesis towards different analogues was developed via Suzuki coupling reaction as key step. The isomerization behaviour of these norbornadiene‐azobenzene fusions was studied by UV‐Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy in different solvents investigating the electronic communication within these multinary‐photochromic systems.
Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Fan Jianuo , Cheng Yuqing , Sun Mengtao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGold nanoparticles have excellent optical and plasmon properties and have enormous research potential when they combine with different ligands. Functionalized gold nanoparticles are widely used in drug delivery, biological detection, sensors, and even clinical treatment. At present, with the rapid development of functionalized gold nanoparticles, we think it is necessary to sort out the recent research results. In this paper, the synthesis, characteristics, and biological applications of the three aspects are introduced. Firstly, the synthetic methods of functionalized gold nanoparticles are reviewed, and the improvement of the commonly used synthetic methods is summarized. Then, the catalytic properties, oxidation resistance, and chirality optical properties are summarized in detail. Finally, we summarize the research progress in the field of biology in recent years.
Utilization of windowing effect and accumulated autocorrelation function and power spectrum for pitch detection in noisy environments
Authors: Rahman Md. Saifur , Sugiura Yosuke , Shimamura Tetsuya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, considering a progressing trend of recent techniques for pitch detection of speech in noisy environments, windowing effects are discussed analytically, and it is insisted that the Rectangular window should be proactively used instead of the popular Hanning or Hamming window. In a variety of noise environments, a performance comparison of the conventional pitch detection methods is conducted, and as a result, we take a standpoint to support the autocorrelation (ACF) method. Incorporating accumulation techniques, three types of pitch detection approaches are developed. Through experiments, it is shown that the three accumulation based approaches have the potential to provide better performance than recent state‐of‐the art methods for pitch detection without relying on a complicated post processing technique. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Assessment of Lead‐Free .22 LR Bullets for Shooting European Rabbits
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , DeNicola Anthony J. , Forsyth David M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIn response to health threats posed by toxic lead to humans and scavenging wildlife, there is currently a focus on transitioning from lead‐based to lead‐free bullets for shooting (harvesting, culling, or recreational hunting) of wild animals. However, the efficacy of lead‐free bullets for shooting small mammals has seldom been evaluated. We compared the animal welfare outcomes and costs of using lead‐based and lead‐free bullets in the world's most popular cartridge, the rimfire .22 LR, for shooting wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Australia, during August 2019. Ballistic testing revealed that lead‐free bullets were less precise than one type of commonly used lead‐based bullet when shot from one rifle. We shot at 53 and 115 rabbits with lead‐based and lead‐free bullets, respectively. A substantially lower percentage of rabbits that were hit were wounded (2%) with lead‐based bullets compared with lead‐free bullets (20%). Hence, fewer shots were needed to kill rabbits with lead‐based (1.27) than lead‐free (3.98) bullets. Radiographic examination of 28 rabbits shot with lead‐based bullets and 27 rabbits shot with lead‐free bullets revealed metallic fragments present in 82% and 41% of carcasses, respectively. In 52% of rabbits shot with lead‐free bullets, there was no radiographic evidence of bullets or fragments, indicating pass‐through shots. The greater cost per bullet and larger number of bullets required to kill a rabbit meant that using lead‐free bullets cost 6 times more per rabbit killed than using lead‐based bullets. The only commercially available lead‐free .22 LR bullets in Australia at the time of our study produced substantially poorer animal welfare outcomes, and were more expensive per killed rabbit, than lead‐based bullets. Lead‐free bullets designed to reduce lead exposure to scavenging wildlife and humans and should be assessed in terms of animal welfare outcomes and costs prior to being considered for widespread use. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Public Health Emergencies and Constitutionalism Before COVID-19: Between the National and the International
Authors: Villarreal Pedro A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current chapter deals with public health emergencies and their linkages to constitutional law and theory. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses myriad challenges to constitutional regimes around the world. However, it is by no means the first time that public health emergencies have led to questions of constitutionalism. Past instances of disease outbreaks had already highlighted how emergency legal frameworks unfold when facing the challenge of containing their spread. Against this backdrop, the chapter focuses on pre-COVID-19 instances of cross-border epidemics and pandemics, such as A(H1N1) Influenza, Ebola and Zika, and some of their implications for constitutionalism. These examples of infectious disease outbreaks are assessed by resorting to three models-archetypes of constitutional emergencies as a theoretical background. As they show a coupling between the international and national levels, a brief glimpse at applicable international law regimes is put forward. Ultimately, public health emergencies are not taken as a new genus within already existing classifications. Nevertheless, this contribution shows how they do warrant more detailed analysis, given how their technical features put theories related to constitutionalism under extreme conditions to the test. The contribution was initially drafted before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Thus, it is a mostly retrospective analysis. Nevertheless, insights taken from outbreaks preceding COVID-19 can help build a broader outlook of the puzzle related to how the intertwinement between constitutionalism and public health emergencies can be addressed through a broader perspective not limited to one disease.
Lacunarity of Han–Nekrasov–Okounkov q-Series
Authors: Gallagher Katherine , Li Lucia , Vassilev Katja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA power series is called lacunary if “almost all” of its coefficients are zero. Integer partitions have motivated the classification of lacunary specializations of Han’s extension of the Nekrasov–Okounkov formula. More precisely, we consider the modular forms $$\begin{aligned}F_{a,b,c}(z) :=\frac{\eta (24az)^a \eta (24acz)^{b-a}}{\eta (24z)},\end{aligned}$$

F

a
,
b
,
c

(
z
)

:
=

η

(
24
a
z
)

a

η

(
24
a
c
z
)

b
-
a

η
(
24
z
)

,

defined in terms of the Dedekind $$\eta $$
η
-function, for integers $$a,c \ge 1$$

a
,
c
≥
1

, where $$b \ge 1$$

b
≥
1

is odd throughout. Serre (Publications Mathématiques de l’IHÉS 123–201:2959–2968, 1981) determined the lacunarity of the series when $$a = c = 1$$

a
=
c
=
1

. Later, Clader et al. (Am Math Soc 137(9):2959–2968, 2009) extended this result by allowing a to be general and completely classified the $$F_{a,b,1}(z)$$

F

a
,
b
,
1

(
z
)

which are lacunary. Here, we consider all c and show that for $${a \in \{1,2,3\}}$$

a
∈
{
1
,
2
,
3
}

, there are infinite families of lacunary series. However, for $$a \ge 4$$

a
≥
4

, we show that there are finitely many triples (a, b, c) such that $$F_{a,b,c}(z)$$

F

a
,
b
,
c

(
z
)

is lacunary. In particular, if $$a \ge 4$$

a
≥
4

, $$b \ge 7$$

b
≥
7

, and $$c \ge 2$$

c
≥
2

, then $$F_{a,b,c}(z)$$

F

a
,
b
,
c

(
z
)

is not lacunary. Underlying this result is the proof the t-core partition conjecture proved by Granville and Ono (Trans Am Math Soc 348(1):331–347, 1996).
Sepsis-assoziierte Enzephalopathie
Authors: Klawitter F. , Jager M. , Klinkmann G. , Saller T. , Söhle M. , von Möllendorff F. , Reuter D. A , Ehler J. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Sepsis-assoziierte Enzephalopathie (SAE) stellt eine der häufigsten Ursachen für eine neurokognitive Störung beim Intensivpatienten dar. Bisher existieren keine einheitlichen, evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen zum diagnostischen Vorgehen bei SAE.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Studie ist die Evaluation des derzeitigen Vorgehens bei der Diagnostik und dem Neuromonitoring bei Patienten mit SAE auf deutschen Intensivstationen.

Material und Methoden
In einer Online-Umfrage wurden 438 Mitglieder des Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitskreises Intensivmedizin (WAKI) und des Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitskreises Neuroanästhesie (WAKNA) befragt.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten die Fragebögen von insgesamt 12,6 % aller Befragten ausgewertet werden (55/438). Ein standardisiertes diagnostisches Vorgehen bei SAE wurde von 21,8 % (12/55) der Befragten angegeben. Zur Detektion der SAE werden hauptsächlich Delir-Assessments (50/55; 90,9 %) und die klinische Untersuchung (49/55; 89,1 %) angewendet. Seltener werden die zerebrale Bildgebung (26/55; 47,3 %), Labor‑/Biomarkerbestimmungen (15/55; 27,3 %), elektrophysiologische Verfahren (14/55; 25,5 %) und Liquoruntersuchungen (12/55; 21,8 %) eingesetzt. Zur Verlaufskontrolle werden ebenfalls klinische Untersuchungen (45/55; 81,8 %) von den Befragten präferiert. Bei apparativen Neuromonitoring-Verfahren zeigen sich signifikante Unterschiede in theoretisch beigemessener Bedeutung und klinischer Anwendungspraxis. Die Mehrheit der Befragten (48/55; 87,3 %) befürwortet die Erstellung einheitlicher Empfehlungen für die Diagnostik und das Neuromonitoring bei SAE.

Diskussion
Diese explorative Umfrage zeigt, dass bisher kein einheitliches Konzept im Hinblick auf Diagnostik und Neuromonitoring bei SAE auf deutschen Intensivstationen vorliegt. Innovative Biomarker der Hirnschädigung und apparative Neuromonitoring-Verfahren könnten in Zukunft die Diagnostik erleichtern und wertvolle prognostische Informationen zum neurokognitiven Outcome der Patienten mit SAE liefern.
The CIREL Cohort: A Prospective Controlled Registry Studying the Real-Life Use of Irinotecan-Loaded Chemoembolisation in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Interim Analysis
Authors: Pereira Philippe L. , Iezzi Roberto , Manfredi Riccardo , Carchesio Francesca , Bánsághi Zoltan , Brountzos Elias , Spiliopoulos Stavros , Echevarria-Uraga Javier J. , Gonçalves Belarmino , Inchingolo Riccardo , Nardella Michele , Pellerin Olivier , Sousa Maria , Arnold Dirk , de Baère Thierry , Gomez Fernando , Helmberger Thomas , Maleux Geert , Prenen Hans , Sangro Bruno , Zeka Bleranda , Kaufmann Nathalie , Taieb Julien 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) using irinotecan-eluting beads is an additional treatment option for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) patients that are not eligible for curative treatment approaches. This interim analysis focuses on feasibility of the planned statistical analysis regarding data distribution and completeness, treatment intention, safety and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the first 50 patients prospectively enrolled in the CIrse REgistry for LifePearl™ microspheres (CIREL), an observational multicentre study conducted across Europe.

Methods
In total, 50 patients ≥ 18 years diagnosed with CRLM and decided to be treated with irinotecan-eluting LifePearl™ microspheres TACE (LP-irinotecan TACE) by a multidisciplinary tumour board. There were no further inclusion or exclusion criteria. The primary endpoint is the categorisation of treatment intention, and secondary endpoints presented in this interim analysis are safety, treatment considerations and HRQOL.

Results
LP-irinotecan TACE was conducted in 42% of patients as salvage therapy, 20% as an intensification treatment, 16% as a first-line treatment, 14% a consolidation treatment and 8% combination treatment with ablation with curative intent. Grade 3 and 4 adverse events were reported by 4% of patients during procedure and by 10% within 30 days. While 38% reported a worse, 62% reported a stable or better global health score, and 54% of patients with worse global health score were treated as salvage therapy patients.

Conclusion
This interim analysis confirms in a prospective analysis the feasibility of the study, with an acceptable toxicity profile. More patients reported a stable or improved HRQOL than deterioration. Deterioration of HRQOL was seen especially in salvage therapy patients.

Trial Registration
NCT03086096.
Use of carbapenems and glycopeptides increases risk for Clostridioides difficile infections in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing intensive induction chemotherapy
Authors: Ballo Olivier , Kreisel Eva-Maria , Eladly Fagr , Brunnberg Uta , Stratmann Jan , Hunyady Peter , Hogardt Michael , Wichelhaus Thomas A. , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Steffen Björn , Vehreschild Joerg J. , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Finkelmeier Fabian , Serve Hubert , Brandts Christian H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPatients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are often exposed to broad-spectrum antibiotics and thus at high risk of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI). As bacterial infections are a common cause for treatment-related mortality in these patients, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze the incidence of CDI and to evaluate risk factors for CDI in a large uniformly treated AML cohort. A total of 415 AML patients undergoing intensive induction chemotherapy between 2007 and 2019 were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients presenting with diarrhea and positive stool testing for toxin-producing Clostridioides difficile were defined to have CDI. CDI was diagnosed in 37 (8.9%) of 415 AML patients with decreasing CDI rates between 2013 and 2019 versus 2007 to 2012. Days with fever, exposition to carbapenems, and glycopeptides were significantly associated with CDI in AML patients. Clinical endpoints such as length of hospital stay, admission to ICU, response rates, and survival were not adversely affected. We identified febrile episodes and exposition to carbapenems and glycopeptides as risk factors for CDI in AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy, thereby highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary antibiotic stewardship programs guiding treatment strategies in AML patients with infectious complications to carefully balance risks and benefits of anti-infective agents.