bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of soil organic carbon in consolidated gully land in China’s Loess Plateau
Authors: Yan Qina , Kumar Praveen , Wang Yunqiang , Zhao Yali , Lin Henry , Ran Qihua , An Zhisheng , Zhou Weijian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMassive gully land consolidation projects, launched in China’s Loess Plateau, aim to restore 2667 $$\mathrm{km}^2$$

km

2

agricultural lands in total by consolidating 2026 highly eroded gullies. This effort represents a social engineering project where the economic development and livelihood of the farming families are closely tied to the ability of these emergent landscapes to provide agricultural services. Whether these ‘time zero’ landscapes have the resilience to provide a sustainable soil condition such as soil organic carbon (SOC) content remains unknown. By studying two watersheds, one of which is a control site, we show that the consolidated gully serves as an enhanced carbon sink, where the magnitude of SOC increase rate (1.0 $$\mathrm{g\,C}/\mathrm{m}^2/\mathrm{year}$$

g

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/

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year

) is about twice that of the SOC decrease rate (− 0.5 $$\mathrm{g\,C}/\mathrm{m}^2/\mathrm{year}$$

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/

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year

) in the surrounding natural watershed. Over a 50-year co-evolution of landscape and SOC turnover, we find that the dominant mechanisms that determine the carbon cycling are different between the consolidated gully and natural watersheds. In natural watersheds, the flux of SOC transformation is mainly driven by the flux of SOC transport; but in the consolidated gully, the transport has little impact on the transformation. Furthermore, we find that extending the surface carbon residence time has the potential to efficiently enhance carbon sequestration from the atmosphere with a rate as high as 8 $$\mathrm{g\,C}/\mathrm{m}^2/\mathrm{year}$$

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compared to the current 0.4 $$\mathrm{g\,C}/\mathrm{m}^2/\mathrm{year}$$

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/

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. The success for the completion of all gully consolidation would lead to as high as 26.67 $$\mathrm{Gg\,C}/\mathrm{year}$$

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sequestrated into soils. This work, therefore, not only provides an assessment and guidance of the long-term sustainability of the ‘time zero’ landscapes but also a solution for sequestration $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

into soils.
A universal method for high-quality RNA extraction from plant tissues rich in starch, proteins and fiber
Authors: Vennapusa Amaranatha R. , Somayanda Impa M. , Doherty Colleen J. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing existing protocols, RNA extracted from seeds rich in starch often results in poor quality RNA, making it inappropriate for downstream applications. Though some methods are proposed for extracting RNA from plant tissue rich in starch and other polysaccharides, they invariably yield less and poor quality RNA. In order to obtain high yield and quality RNA from seeds and other plant tissues including roots a modified SDS-LiCl method was compared with existing methods, including TRIZOL kit (Invitrogen), Plant RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen), Furtado (2014) method, and CTAB-LiCl method. Modifications in the extraction buffer and solutions used for RNA precipitation resulted in a robust method for extracting RNA in seeds and roots, where extracting quality RNA is challenging. The modified SDS-LiCl method revealed intense RNA bands through gel electrophoresis and a nanodrop spectrophotometer detected ratios of ≥ 2 and 1.8 for A260/A230 and A260/A280, respectively. The absence of starch co-precipitation during RNA extraction resulted in enhanced yield and quality of RNA with RIN values of 7–9, quantified using a bioanalyzer. The high-quality RNA obtained was demonstrated to be suitable for downstream applications, such as cDNA synthesis, gene amplification, and RT-qPCR. The method was also effective in extracting RNA from seeds of other cereals including field-grown sorghum and corn. The modified SDS-LiCl method is a robust and highly reproducible RNA extraction method for plant tissues rich in starch and other secondary metabolites. The modified SDS-LiCl method successfully extracted high yield and quality RNA from mature, developing, and germinated seeds, leaves, and roots exposed to different abiotic stresses.
Hepatitis E virus infection in 6-month-old pigs in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Ming-Hui , Wu Fang-Tzy , Bai Huimin , Doan Yen Hai , Yang Jyh-Yuan , Takeda Naokazu , Muramatsu Masamichi , Li Tian-Cheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis E. Genotype 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) HEV have recently been identified in and isolated from swine as the main HEV genotypes worldwide. However, there is limited information on HEV infection status among pigs in Taiwan, especially pigs in the stage before transportation to the slaughterhouse. To determine the frequency of HEV infection among pigs in Taiwan, we detected and quantified HEV RNA contained in 295 fecal specimens collected from 6-month-old pigs bred in 30 pig farms located in 8 counties. We found that 25.1% (74/295) of the fecal specimens were positive for HEV RNA by a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the copy number ranged from 2.3 × 103 to 2.08 × 107 copies/g. Amplification of a 338 bp sequence in ORF2 was achieved in 16 of 74 HEV RNA-positive samples, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Two HEV sequences appeared to belong to subtype 3a of G3 and the remaining 14 HEV sequences belonged to subtype 4b of G4 (G4b). The entire genome sequence of two G4b HEVs was obtained by next-generation sequence analyses, and the phylogenetic analyses indicated that unique G4b HEVs were circulating in pig farms in Taiwan. In the present study, we found that both G3 and G4 HEVs were circulating in Taiwanese pig farms and G4b was the predominant subtype. In addition, the relatively high detection frequency of HEV RNA in the 6-month-old pigs indicated that Taiwanese pigs just before transportation to the slaughterhouse are at risk of carrying HEVs, and thus thorough cooking or heating of pork meat or organs is needed before consumption in Taiwan and possibly in other countries as well.
Two genetic variants explain the association of European ancestry with multiple sclerosis risk in African-Americans
Authors: Nakatsuka Nathan , Patterson Nick , Patsopoulos Nikolaos A. , Altemose Nicolas , Tandon Arti , Beecham Ashley H. , McCauley Jacob L. , Isobe Noriko , Hauser Stephen , De Jager Philip L. , Hafler David A. , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Reich David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpidemiological studies have suggested differences in the rate of multiple sclerosis (MS) in individuals of European ancestry compared to African ancestry, motivating genetic scans to identify variants that could contribute to such patterns. In a whole-genome scan in 899 African-American cases and 1155 African-American controls, we confirm that African-Americans who inherit segments of the genome of European ancestry at a chromosome 1 locus are at increased risk for MS [logarithm of odds (LOD) = 9.8], although the signal weakens when adding an additional 406 cases, reflecting heterogeneity in the two sets of cases [logarithm of odds (LOD) = 2.7]. The association in the 899 individuals can be fully explained by two variants previously associated with MS in European ancestry individuals. These variants tag a MS susceptibility haplotype associated with decreased CD58 gene expression (odds ratio of 1.37; frequency of 84% in Europeans and 22% in West Africans for the tagging variant) as well as another haplotype near the FCRL3 gene (odds ratio of 1.07; frequency of 49% in Europeans and 8% in West Africans). Controlling for all other genetic and environmental factors, the two variants predict a 1.44-fold higher rate of MS in European-Americans compared to African-Americans.
Application of an abstract concept across magnitude dimensions by fish
Authors: Miletto Petrazzini Maria Elena , Brennan Caroline H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMastering relational concepts and applying them to different contexts presupposes abstraction capacities and implies a high level of cognitive sophistication. One way to investigate extrapolative abilities is to assess cross-dimensional application of an abstract relational magnitude rule to new domains. Here we show that angelfish initially trained to choose either the shorter of two lines in a spatial task (line-length discrimination task) or the array with “fewer” items (numerical discrimination task) spontaneously transferred the learnt rule to novel stimuli belonging to the previously unseen dimension demonstrating knowledge of the abstract concept of “smaller”. Our finding challenges the idea that the ability to master abstract magnitude concepts across domains is unique to humans and suggests that the circuits involved in rule learning and magnitude processing might be evolutionary conserved.
Environmentally friendly comprehensive hydrometallurgical method development for neodymium recovery from mixed rare earth aqueous solutions using organo-phosphorus derivatives
Authors: Arellano Ruiz Verónica Cristina , Kuchi Rambabu , Parhi Pankaj Kumar , Lee Jin-Young , Jyothi Rajesh Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) have obtained a greatest significant in human lives owing to their important roles in various high technology applications. The present method development was deal technology important REEs such as neodymium, terbium and dysprosium, selective extraction with possible separation and recovery studies, successfully. The chloride mediated mixed aqueous solution containing 1500 mg/L each of REEs such as Nd, Tb and Dy was subjected at selective separation of Nd from other associated REEs. Three organo-phosphorous based commercial extracting agents such as Cyanex 272, PC 88A and D2EHPA, were employed for the extraction, possible separation and recovery of rare earth elements. A comparative extraction behavior of all these three extractants as function of time, pH influence, extractant concentration, temperature and diluents were systematically investigated. The extraction tendency of organo-phosphorus reagents towards the extraction of either of the REEs follows of the sequence as: D2EHPA > PC 88A > Cyanex 272. The thermodynamic behavior of either of the extractants on liquid–liquid extraction processing of REEs was investigated and thermodynamic calculations were calculated and presented. Substantial recovery of neodymium oxalate followed by its calcined product as neodymium oxide was ascertained from XRD study and SEM–EDS analysis.
Local structure and electrochemical performances of sulfurized polyethylene glycol after heat treatment
Authors: Takeichi Nobuhiko , Kojima Toshikatsu , Senoh Hiroshi , Ando Hisanori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDesigning a high-capacity positive electrode material is critical for the advancement of lithium-ion batteries. Sulfurized polyethylene glycol (SPEG), containing ca. 61 wt% of sulfur, is a promising positive electrode material that exhibits a large initial discharge capacity of more than 800 mAh g−1. In this study, we present the local structure and electrochemical performances of SPEG. A high-energy X-ray total scattering experiment revealed that sulfur in SPEG is predominantly fragmented and bound to carbon atoms. The changes in the physicochemical properties of SPEG due to heat treatment with nitrogen gas at various temperatures were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure. Comparing the electrochemical performances of SPEG after heat treatment at various temperatures, it was found that S–S and C=S bonds contribute to the overall electrochemical performance of SPEG.
Systemic and respiratory T-cells induced by seasonal H1N1 influenza protect against pandemic H2N2 in ferrets
Authors: van de Ven Koen , de Heij Femke , van Dijken Harry , Ferreira José A. , de Jonge Jørgen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraditional influenza vaccines primarily induce a narrow antibody response that offers no protection against heterosubtypic infections. Murine studies have shown that T cells can protect against a broad range of influenza strains. However, ferrets are a more potent model for studying immune correlates of protection in influenza infection. We therefore set out to investigate the role of systemic and respiratory T cells in the protection against heterosubtypic influenza A infections in ferrets. H1N1-priming induced systemic and respiratory T cells that responded against pandemic H2N2 and correlated with reduced viral replication and disease. CD8-positive T cell responses in the upper and lower respiratory tract were exceptionally high. We additionally confirmed that H2N2-responsive T cells are present in healthy human blood donors. These findings underline the importance of the T cell response in influenza immunity and show that T cells are a potent target for future universal influenza vaccines.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase HectD3 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation in mice
Authors: Rangrez Ashraf Yusuf , Borlepawar Ankush , Schmiedel Nesrin , Deshpande Anushka , Remes Anca , Kumari Manju , Bernt Alexander , Christen Lynn , Helbig Andreas , Jungmann Andreas , Sossalla Samuel , Tholey Andreas , Müller Oliver J. , Frank Derk , Frey Norbert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMyocardial inflammation has recently been recognized as a distinct feature of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. HectD3, a HECT domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase has previously been investigated in the host defense against infections as well as neuroinflammation; its cardiac function however is still unknown. Here we show that HectD3 simultaneously attenuates Calcineurin-NFAT driven cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the pro-inflammatory actions of LPS/interferon-γ via its cardiac substrates SUMO2 and Stat1, respectively. AAV9-mediated overexpression of HectD3 in mice in vivo not only reduced cardiac SUMO2/Stat1 levels and pathological hypertrophy but also largely abolished macrophage infiltration and fibrosis induced by pressure overload. Taken together, we describe a novel cardioprotective mechanism involving the ubiquitin ligase HectD3, which links anti-hypertrophic and anti-inflammatory effects via dual regulation of SUMO2 and Stat1. In a broader perspective, these findings support the notion that cardiomyocyte growth and inflammation are more intertwined than previously anticipated.
Machine learning for filter pollution control
Authors: Krause Ralph , Oppelt Thomas , Friebe Christian , Döge Sabine , Herzog Ralf 
Published: October 2020

Modern buildings usually have an air-tight envelope. Therefore mechanical ventilation is very often necessary. A crucial part of the system is the filter, which allows creating an atmosphere that is free of dust, aerosols, and pollen. As organic material accumulates on the filter surface, the risk of micro-organism growth rises. This may yield health issues especially for the occupants of buildings.
The method was implemented in both a test rig and the HVAC system supplying different laboratories with fresh air in order to aggregate data for different abnormal and normal operation conditions. Subsequent considerations focuses on the test-rig measurements. The machine learning algorithm was trained successfully to detect anomalies of the filter behavior.
Finally, the change intervals of the filter may be adapted to the real degree of pollution without the requirement for visual observation in order to provide best air conditions. This algorithm is part of a general strategy for machine-learning processes for HVAC systems.
Comparing the effects of solar-related and terrestrial drivers on the northern polar vortex
Authors: Salminen Antti , Asikainen Timo , Maliniemi Ville , Mursula Kalevi 
Published: October 2020

Northern polar vortex experiences significant variability during Arctic winter. Solar activity contributes to this variability via solar irradiance and energetic particle precipitation. Recent studies have found that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) affects the polar vortex by forming ozone depleting NOxcompounds. However, it is still unknown how the EEP effect compares to variabilities caused by, e.g., solar irradiance or terrestrial drivers. In this study we examine the effects of EEP, solar irradiance, El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), volcanic aerosols and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the northern wintertime atmosphere. We use geomagneticAp-index to quantify EEP activity, sunspot numbers to quantify solar irradiance, Niño 3.4 index for ENSO and aerosol optical depth for the amount of volcanic aerosols. We use a new composite dataset including ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalysis of zonal wind and temperature and multilinear regression analysis to estimate atmospheric responses to the above mentioned explaining variables in winter months of 1957–2017. We confirm the earlier results showing that EEP and QBO strengthen the polar vortex. We find here that the EEP effect on polar vortex is stronger and more significant than the effects of the other drivers in almost all winter months in most conditions. During 1957–2017 the considered drivers together explain about 25–35% of polar vortex variability while the EEP effect alone explains about 10–20% of it. Thus, a major part of variability is not due to the linear effect by the studied explaining variables. The positive EEP effect is particularly strong if QBO-wind at 30 hPa has been easterly during the preceding summer, while for a westerly QBO the EEP effect is weaker and less significant.
Ein interessanter Fall: Exanthem bei akuter Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Schreiner Sandra , Werner Schneider Stefan , Kath Wilhelm 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen Patienten, der ein Exanthem im Sinne palpabler Purpura bei akuter Niereninsuffizienz zeigte. Die Histologie der Haut und direkte Immunfluoreszenz wiesen eine IgA-Vaskulitis nach. In der Urinuntersuchung zeigten sich Akanthozyten, die diagnostische Nierenbiopsie bestätigte den Verdacht einer begleitenden Glomerulonephritis. Unter hochdosierter Steroidtherapie kam es zur Besserung des Hautbefundes und der Retentionsparameter.
Zerebrale Venen- und Sinusthrombose
Authors: Masuhr Florian , Weimar Christian 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie zerebrale Venen- und Sinusthrombose (CVST) ist eine seltene Erkrankung der zerebralen venösen Blutleiter mit einer Inzidenz von etwa 2,8/100 000/Jahr bei Frauen im gebährfähigen Alter und etwa 1,3/100 000/Jahr in der allgemeinen Bevölkerung. Die häufigsten Risikofaktoren umfassen Wochenbett, eine orale hormonale Kontrazeption sowie Gerinnungsstörungen. Sowohl die venöse Angiografie mittels CT als auch MRT sind zum Nachweis einer CVST geeignet, wobei die MR-Angiografie vor allem für kleine kortikale venöse Thrombosen sensitiver ist.In der Akutphase wird Heparin für alle Patienten mit CVST empfohlen, auch bei septischer Thrombose oder hämorrhagischer Infarzierung. Eine lokale Thrombolyse oder mechanische Thrombektomie konnte in einer Studie bei schwer betroffenen Patienten keinen Vorteil gegenüber einer Antikoagulation nachweisen. Patienten mit Hirndruck und drohender Einklemmung sollten umgehend eine Kraniotomie ohne Ausräumung einer Blutung oder eines Infarktgebietes erhalten.Eine Behandlung mit Vitamin-K-Antagonisten nach der Akutphase wird für 3 bis 12 Monate empfohlen. Neue Antikoagulanzien wie Thrombin- oder Faktor-Xa-Antagonisten werden zunehmend als Alternative zu Vitamin-K-Antagonisten eingesetzt. Eine Langzeitantikoagulation wird nur bei Patienten mit schwerer Koagulopathie oder rezidivierenden venösen Thrombosen empfohlen.
Poor Perception of School Toilets and Increase of Functional Constipation
Authors: Laffolie Jande , Ibrahimi Gentiana , Zimmer Klaus-Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective A suggested mechanism of functional constipation (FC) is the refusal against painful bowel movements and a vicious circle of holding back stool, hardening, colonic dilatation and further painful defecation. The aim of this study is to describe perception of school toilets, prevalence of functional abdominal pain (FAP) and constipation in elementary schools.
Design and Setting All elementary schools in Giessen County, Germany were contacted. Parents received a questionnaire on perception of toilets and criteria of functional abdominal pain and constipation in two consecutive years.
Results 212 (76.5%) families responded the child would use the school toilet for passing urine always, commonly or regularly (ACR), only 92 (33.2%) did so for passing stool. 46 (16.6%) were always disgusted by their school toilets, further 145 (52.3%) reported to be disgusted commonly or regularly. 126 parents reported their child would retain stool to avoid using the school toilet (45.5%). Children who were disgusted by and avoided using the school toilet showed significant higher prevalence of abdominal pain ACR (23.6% vs. 11.2%, p=0.0103)
Conclusions Prevalence of abdominal pain and constipation is high and increased after one year. Negative perception of school toilets with consecutive avoidance behavior could be an important and improvable influence.
World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumors and Imaging Approach of Jaw Lesions
Authors: Siozopoulou Vasiliki , Vanhoenacker Filip M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTumors of the jaws represent a heterogeneous group of lesions that are classified histologically in the World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumors (2017). This article provides an update of the current nomenclature. The main role of imaging is to describe the precise location and extent of these lesions. Although characterization of imaging is often difficult due to overlapping characteristics, imaging is helpful to define which lesions should be referred for histologic examination and subsequent treatment planning. Location and density are the cardinal criteria for potential characterization on imaging. Radiologically, lesions may be radiolucent, radiopaque, or of mixed density. Additional criteria include lesion demarcation, morphology, cortical breakthrough, periosteal reaction, and adjacent soft tissue changes. Final lesion characterization is only definitive after interdisciplinary discussion and radiopathologic correlation. Correct diagnosis is obtained by a combination of the patient's age, lesion location, and clinical and radiologic presentation. It is important that all physicians use a uniform nomenclature.
Existe associação entre a eletroneuromiografia e a ultrassonografia no diagnóstico da Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo?
Authors: Paiva Filho Henver Ribeiro , Elias Bruno Adriano Borges , Salomão Junior Marlus Sérgio Borges , Paiva Valdênia Graças Nascimento , Oliveira Elias Felix , Rocha Murilo Antônio 
Published: October 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Verificar se existe associação entre os resultados da gravidade da eletroneuromiografia e a positividade da ultrassonografia no diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo.
Métodos Sessenta e oito pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 61 mulheres e 7 homens, com média de idade de 54,4 anos. Os resultados da ultrassonografia (positivo ou negativo) foram cruzados com os resultados da eletroneuromiografia (leve, moderado ou grave) e verificada a existência de associação.
Resultados Cento e trinta e seis mãos com suspeita ou sintomas de síndrome do túnel do carpo foram avaliadas. O diagnóstico ultrassonográfico positivo foi observado em 72 mãos e negativo em 64; 123 mãos apresentaram eletroneuromiografia positiva para síndrome do túnel do carpo e 13 apresentaram resultado negativo. O grau grave da eletroneuromiografia foi prevalente.
Conclusão Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre eletroneuromiografia e ultrassonografia (p < 0,05), sendo que a positividade da ultrassonografia foi maior para níveis mais graves de síndrome do túnel do carpo dados pela eletroneuromiografia.