bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lung Microbiota in Korean Patients with Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kang Sung-Yoon , Kim Hyojung , Jung Sungwon , Lee Sang Min , Lee Sang Pyo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of the lung microbiota in non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) remains poorly known. We obtained protected specimen brushing (PSB) and bronchial washing specimens to investigate the microbiota of patients with NTM-PD via a bronchoscopic approach. Results: Eleven subjects with indications for NTM-PD on chest computed tomography (CT) were enrolled in the NTM-PD group, and 10 subjects with endobronchial lesions on chest CT that were not typical of NTM-PD, tuberculosis, malignancy, or any known lower respiratory tract disease or condition were enrolled in the control group. Samples from NTM-PD patients had lower microbial richness/diversity compared with the control group. Principal component analysis showed that the PSBs and bronchial washings exhibited similar patterns within each group but differed between the two groups. In the NTM-PD group, PSBs exhibited lower alpha and beta diversities than those of bronchial washings. Conclusion: NTM-PD patients exhibited a unique microbiotic distribution that was low in richness/diversity. PSB samples can serve as surrogates of lower airway samples when evaluating the airway microbiota of NTM-PD patients, as they accurately reflect lower airway status.
Impact of the European Board of Paediatric Surgery Examination on Career Progression: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Kawano Takafumi , Muensterer Oliver , MacKenzie Rosemary , Cascio Salvatore 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The two-part examination of the European Board in Pediatric (EBPS) Surgery was established in 2005 with the aim of ensuring harmonization of standards of training in Europe. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the examination on career progression using a validated questionnaire.
Methods: Between 2005 and 2016 a total of 227 candidates successfully passed part 2 of the EBPS examination. Of these, we were able to successfully contact 160 candidates by email and ask them to complete a validated online questionnaire,the Career Success Scale (CSS). Eighty-five candidates answered and 49 completed all items of the questionnaire (recall of 31%). Information on demographics, work environment, publication output, and self-reflecting personal opinion on the impact of EBPS certification on career progression was also queried.
Results: A recall of 31% was obtained (49 out of 160). Most respondents were male (82%), had published scientific manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals (93%), were actively presenting at conferences (96%), and believed that passing the examination helped them reach their career goals (61%). Involvement in multicenter studies was reported by 51% of respondents, 16% had obtained research awards, 16% received scholarships, and 9% reported research as their principal activity.
Conclusion: Candidates who passed the European Board Exam reported a high level of academic activity. Most of them believed that passing the exam had a positive effect on their career development.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Emergency Resection for Obstructive Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lohsiriwat Varut , Jitmungngan Romyen , Chadbunchachai Weeraput , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) improves outcomes after elective colorectal operations. Whether it is beneficial for emergency colorectal surgery is unclear. This study aimed to systematically review and summarize evidence from all studies comparing ERAS versus conventional care in patients having emergency colectomy and/or proctectomy for obstructive colorectal cancer.Methods: EMBASE and MEDLINE from inception to October 2019 were systematically searched. Any studies comparing our primary outcome of interest (length of hospitalization) among patients having emergency resection for obstructive colorectal cancer who received ERAS versus conventional care were selected. Primary outcome was length of hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal recovery, postoperative complication, 30-day readmission and mortality, and time to start adjuvant therapy.Results: Three cohort studies with 818 participants (418 received ERAS and 400 received conventional care) were included. Length of hospitalization (mean reduction 3.07 days; 95% CI, - 3.91 to -2.23) and risk of overall postoperative complication (risk ratio 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.97) were significantly lower in ERAS than in conventional care. ERAS was also associated with quicker time to gastrointestinal recovery, a lower incidence of ileus, and a shorter interval between operation and commence of adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the rates of anastomotic leakage, re-operation, readmission and mortality within 30 days after an operation between groups.Conclusions: ERAS had advantages over conventional care in patients undergoing emergency resection for obstructive colorectal cancer - including a shorter length of hospitalization, a lower incidence of complication and quicker gastrointestinal recovery.
Ural cohort of the population exposed in childhood
Authors: Shalaginov S. A. , Krestinina L. Yu. 
Published: April 2020

The object of the study is the cohort of individuals exposed in the Southern Urals in the 1950s at the age of 0–19 years. The relevance of the creation of the cohort of individuals exposed in childhood and adolescence is determined by their high sensitivity to radiation exposure and is associated with the need for differentiated assessments of the radiation risk of morbidity and mortality for individuals exposed at different stages of ontogenesis. The work includes definition of the cohort, the criteria for inclusion and exclusion from the cohort. According to the data as of 01.01.2019, the created cohort includes 32,461 potential members exposed as a result of living in the riverside villages of the Techa River and on the territory of the East Ural radioactive trace; the follow-up period of the cohort is 70 years (from 1950 to 2019). The cohort has an almost equal number of men and women, includes two ethnic groups (Slavs and Turks), the age range is from 0 to 91 years. The formed cohort can be used to assess the radiogenic risk of cancer and non-cancer morbidity and mortality for the low and medium doses of exposure
PARAFAC model as an innovative tool for monitoring natural organic matter removal in water treatment plants
Authors: Ndiweni Sikelelwa N. , Chys Michael , Chaukura Nhamo , Van Hulle Stijn W. H. , Nkambule Thabo T. I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The increase of fluorescent natural organic matter (fNOM) fractions during drinking water treatment might lead to an increased coagulant dose and filter clogging, and can be a precursor for disinfection by-products. Consequently, efficient fNOM removal is essential, for which characterisation of fNOM fractions is crucial. This study aims to develop a robust monitoring tool for assessing fNOM fractions across water treatment processes. To achieve this, water samples were collected from six South African water treatment plants (WTPs) during winter and summer, and two plants in Belgium during spring. The removal of fNOM was monitored by assessing fluorescence excitation–emission matrices datasets using parallel factor analysis. The removal of fNOM during summer for South African WTPs was in the range 69–85%, and decreased to 42–64% in winter. In Belgian WTPs, fNOM removal was in the range 74–78%. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between total fluorescence and total organic carbon (TOC). However, TOC had an insignificant contribution to the factors affecting fNOM removal. Overall, the study demonstrated the appearance of fNOM in the final chlorinated water, indicating that fNOM requires a customised monitoring technique.
Regulatory T Cell Counts and Development of Malignancy in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Politou Marianna , Boti Sofia , Androutsakos Theodoros , Kontos Athanasios , Pouliakis Abraham , Kapsimali Violetta , Panayiotakopoulos George , Kordossis Theodore , Karakitsos Petros , Sipsas Nikolaos V. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
T-regulatory cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining homeostasis
by attenuating the cytokine response to T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and by suppressing the
functioning of neighboring immune cells. In Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection,
Tregs can be either beneficial, by suppressing generalized T-cell activation, or detrimental, by suppressing
protective anti-HIV cell-mediated immunity. An imbalance of Tregs and effector T-cells
can blunt immune responses to malignant cells or facilitate inflammation-mediated pathologies.

Objective:
The purpose of our study was to explore the possible correlation between Tregs’ concentration
and HIV infection’s parameters as well as the development of hematological and solid malignancies.

Methods:
In a longitudinal prospective study, ex vivo phenotyping of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear
cells from patients with primary HIV infection was performed at baseline. All patients were
then followed up every 3 months and the development of solid or hematological malignancies was
noted.

Results:
A total of 155 patients were included in the study and the median follow-up period was 64
months. Treg counts were significantly higher among males, patients with high viral load (>350
copies/ml) and patients with virological failure to antiretroviral treatment (ART). Linear regression
analysis showed a significant negative correlation between Treg levels and CD4 (+) T-cell counts.
Patients with neoplasia had lower levels of Tregs while increasing levels showed a negative correlation
with the development of neoplasia.

Conclusion:
In our population of HIV-infected patients, high levels of Tregs were associated with
disease progression, and low baseline levels were associated with a higher probability of developing
neoplasia.
Bortezomib – First Therapeutic Proteasome Inhibitor for Cancer Therapy: A Review of Patent Literature
Authors: Vora Pratik A. , Patel Rakesh , Dharamsi Abhay 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of proteasome proteins in mammalian
cells. Bortezomib is proven to be cytotoxic to a number of tumor cells by disrupting their normal
homeostatic mechanism and thereby, causing cell death. Currently, Bortezomib is prescribed for patients
with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.

Objective:
This assessment highlights the overview of the recent patents of Bortezomib. This review
includes patents grouped in sections like product patents, process patent, composition related
patents as well as the treatment methodology. The objective of this article is to facilitate researchers
with all existing patents at a single place.

Methods:
Data were searched from various online databases. In which, paid databases include
SciFinder® and Orbit®. Free databases include Patentscope® (WIPO), Worldwide Espacenet® (EPO),
Google Patents and InPASS (Indian patent database).

Results:
Several new processes and composition related patents of Bortezomib have been recently
patented as its orange-book listed patents are going to soon expire during July 2022. Further, due
to the problem of oxidation during development and long-term storage of Bortezomib formulation,
a number of excipients are tried in these patents to stabilize the same. However, there is still a need
for further development of an improved formulation of Bortezomib with better characteristics.

Conclusion:
Extensive research has been carried out on various processes for preparing Bortezomib
and the composition thereof. This type of dynamic research will clear the path for many
generic players in the United States, which lead to the reduction of the price of the composition and
thereby enhancing global health care at cheaper prices.
Recent Advances in Microwave Promoted C-P Cross-coupling Reactions
Authors: Ghosh Sujit , Biswas Kinkar , Basu Basudeb 
Published: April 2020

:
Organophosphorous compounds are of potential importance in diverse fields. They are often
used as intermediates for making functionalized phosphine ligands as well as find vast applications
in the areas of industrial, agricultural and biological chemistry. The microwave-assisted synthesis
of C-P bonds has become increasingly popular because of its various advantages over conventional
heating in the perspectives of green chemistry.

:
This review article has primarily focused on the synthesis of various organophosphorous molecules
via microwave promoted C-P cross-coupling reactions under metal-catalyzed or metal–free conditions
over the last two decades. The synthesis of phosphine ligands on 4,4′-bisquinolone structural framework,
disubstituted phosphinic acid esters, vinyl phosphines, aryl- and vinylphosphonates, sugar and
nucleoside phosphonates, aminobisphosphonates, triphenyl phosphines, water-soluble tertiary phosphine
oxides and many other potentially useful organophosphorous compounds have been illustrated
critically. The Hirao reaction, Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction and Sandmeyer type of reactions are generally
involved in creating C-P bonds. The role of various metal catalysts, solvents, bases, additives
and temperature in different literatures are carefully discussed.
Developing a Questionnaire on Autistic Learning Environment
Authors: Ghazali Roslinda , Md Sakip Siti Rashidah , Samsuddin Ismail 
Published: April 2020

Developing a new questionnaire as a tool used in data collection might be the greatest challenge. The survey must be both valid and reliable.The purpose of the paper is to describe the processes undertaken to develop the questionnaire to measure awareness and knowledge among who involves in the autistic learning environment. The researcher refers to the expertise to check the quality of the tool. Each expert independently evaluated all details regarding the relevance, the clarity, and the understandability of the instrument. The overall content of the questionnaire comprises of sensory stimulation, sensory sensitivity, sensory design, and physical learning environment. Keywords: Autism, pre-testing, questionnaire;eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.1722
Population-Level Interest and Telehealth Capacity of US Hospitals in Response to COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Google Search and National Hospital Survey Data
Authors: Hong Young-Rock , Lawrence John , Williams Jr Dunc , Mainous III Arch 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAs the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is widely spreading across the United States, there is a concern about the overloading of the nation’s health care capacity. The expansion of telehealth services is expected to deliver timely care for the initial screening of symptomatic patients while minimizing exposure in health care facilities, to protect health care providers and other patients. However, it is currently unknown whether US hospitals have the telehealth capacity to meet the increasing demand and needs of patients during this pandemic.ObjectiveWe investigated the population-level internet search volume for telehealth (as a proxy of population interest and demand) with the number of new COVID-19 cases and the proportion of hospitals that adopted a telehealth system in all US states.MethodsWe used internet search volume data from Google Trends to measure population-level interest in telehealth and telemedicine between January 21, 2020 (when the first COVID-19 case was reported), and March 18, 2020. Data on COVID-19 cases in the United States were obtained from the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resources Center. We also used data from the 2018 American Hospital Association Annual Survey to estimate the proportion of hospitals that adopted telehealth (including telemedicine and electronic visits) and those with the capability of telemedicine intensive care unit (tele-ICU). Pearson correlation was used to examine the relations of population search volume for telehealth and telemedicine (composite score) with the cumulative numbers of COVID-19 cases in the United States during the study period and the proportion of hospitals with telehealth and tele-ICU capabilities.ResultsWe found that US population–level interest in telehealth increased as the number of COVID-19 cases increased, with a strong correlation (r=0.948, P<.001). We observed a higher population-level interest in telehealth in the Northeast and West census region, whereas the proportion of hospitals that adopted telehealth was higher in the Midwest region. There was no significant association between population interest and the proportion of hospitals that adopted telehealth (r=0.055, P=.70) nor hospitals having tele-ICU capability (r=–0.073, P=.61).ConclusionsAs the number of COVID-19 cases increases, so does the US population’s interest in telehealth. However, the level of population interest did not correlate with the proportion of hospitals providing telehealth services in the United States, suggesting that increased population demand may not be met with the current telehealth capacity. Telecommunication infrastructures in US hospitals may lack the capability to address the ongoing health care needs of patients with other health conditions. More practical investment is needed to deploy the telehealth system rapidly against the impending patient surge.
IMPROVING TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE BY OLIVE OIL AND DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE (DMSO) AS PENETRATION ENHANCERS: IN VITRO PENETRATION STUDY
Authors: MASRIJAL CAMELIA DWI PUTRI , HARMITA HARMITA , ISKANDARSYAH ISKANDARSYAH 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) using a transdermal drug delivery system for contraception by passive diffusion is limited by the skin barrier properties. Penetration enhancers such as olive oil (fatty acid permeation enhancer) and DMSO (chemical enhancer) can be used. The objective of this study was to overcome MPA penetration problem by using olive oil and DMSO.
Methods: An in vitro penetration study using the Franz diffusion cells was performed. The first penetration study used MPA in olive oil (O) and MPA in coconut oil (C) with the concentration 100 μg/ml to each sample and MPA suspension as a control with the same concentration. The second study used MPA in olive oil with the concentration 200.0 μg/ml (A), MPA in olive oil with 0.5% DMSO with the concentration 200.0 μg/ml (B), and MPA in olive oil with 1% DMSO with the concentration 200 μg/ml (C).
Results: MPA penetration test for olive oil+0.5% DMSO had flux value 4.24±0.074 μg/cm2. hr and it was not significantly different (t-test, P>0.05) with olive oil+1% DMSO. While the MPA penetration test in only Olive oil had flux value 0.90±0.0087 μg/cm2. hr.
Conclusion: This research concluded that olive oil and 0.5% DMSO could improve the penetration of MPA into skin membrane by 4.5 times more than olive oil alone.
EVALUATION OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE ESTIMATING EQUATIONS IN CKD PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION
Authors: PANEERSELVAM GANESH SRITHERAN , KASSAB YAMAN WALID 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To compare the performance of Cockcroft-Gault and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in estimating kidney function in CKD patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed medical records in Hospital Kajang. The GFR was calculated using Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD equations. Kappa Measure of Agreement was used to check the consistency of CKD staging. Wilcoxon signed-ranked tests and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine the difference of both equations. Spearman correlation was used to determine the correlation between blood pressure and blood sugar levels with eGFR.
Results: Data pertaining to a total of 81 patients were extracted. Results showed 22% of the patients were staged differently (Kappa value = 0.644 [P<0.001]) and the majority of them moved down one CKD stage when MDRD equation was used instead of Cockcroft-Gault equation. Wilcoxon signed rank test demonstrated there was a significant difference (P<0.001) in eGFR using CandG and MDRD in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Furthermore, the mean difference observed was 3.78±5.56 [P<0.001]), where the Cockcroft-Gault equation measured 3.78 units higher than MDRD equation. However, the relationship between blood sugar and blood pressure with eGFR were not significant.
Conclusion: There was a significant difference between Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD equations in estimating kidney function CKD patients with diabetes and hypertension.
La cultura mexicana en el siglo XX
Authors: Rosas Corona Mariana Itzél 
Published: April 2020

¿Cómo progresaron las expresiones culturales en nuestro país a través del siglo XX y cuál fue su importancia en el desarrollo de México como nación? En el libro La cultura mexicana en el siglo XX (El Colegio de México, 2010), Carlos Monsiváis ofrece un breve y certero recorrido por la evolución de lo que conocemos como cultura mexicana, durante el siglo XX. Muestra las principales corrientes originadas a partir de los diversos movimientos sociales, políticos y económicos, que más influyeron en la cultura y en el desarrollo de la sociedad mexicana.
Monsiváis nos habla del impulso del modernismo, bajo la premisa de que la cultura acabaría con la barbarie a la que el pueblo estaba sometido, transitando por el positivismo, el cual influyó en la construcción de la nación y la comprensión de la nacionalidad.
AS FORÇAS DO FIGURAL OU ALGUMAS CATEGORIAS DE ANÁLISE PARA DRAMATURGIAS MODERNAS E CONTEMPORÂNEAS
Authors: Brito Nayara Macedo Barbosa de 
Published: April 2020

A personagem dramática, conforme forjada pela tra- dição aristotélico-hegeliana, enfrentou um processo de decomposição e posterior recomposição, sob no- vas bases e nomenclaturas, ao longo do século XX. Nesse sentido, propomo-nos a investigar a pertinên- cia da concepção de figura desenvolvida por Gilles Deleuze (1981) a partir da análise da obra do pintor anglo-irlandês Francis Bacon e enquanto desenvol- vimento teórico da noção homônima elaborada por Jean-François Lyotard (1979) para a análise de um recorte das dramaturgias moderna e contemporâ- nea. Para tanto, realizamos o cotejamento de alguns exemplos dessas dramaturgias e suas concretiza- ções cênicas com as pinturas baconeanas, organi- zando nossa discussão a partir de algumas catego- rias analíticas levantadas por Deleuze em seu estudo. Palavras-chave Figura. Figural. Dramaturgia Moderna. Dramaturgia Contemporânea. Francis Bacon.
UBU REI: UMA PARTICIPAÇÃO LATINO-AMERICANA NA PQ19
Authors: Almeida Desirée Bastos de 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo pretende descrever o processo de criação, desenvolvimento e viabilização do projeto UBU REI, único projeto latino-americano apresentado na mostra Common Design Project da seção PQStudio da Quadrienal de Praga de 2019. O projeto foi criado por Igor Avelino e Rafael Torres, estudantes da Escola de Belas Artes da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, orientados orientado pela Profa. Desirée Bastos. Palavras-chave PQ2019. Common Design Project. Ubu Rei.