bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics knowledge justification: an analysis framework to examine physics content knowledge
Authors: Vuola Karoliina , Nousiainen Maija 
Published: September 2020

Argumentation and knowledge justification have been noted as important skills to be learned in secondary
and tertiary level of education. These skills are especially crucial in teaching and learning physics
because physics knowledge is normative and has hierarchical structure. The purpose of this article is
two-fold. First, we propose a framework to analyze pre-service physics teachers’ knowledge justification.
Second, we show how this framework can be used to examine pre-service physics teachers’ knowledge
justification in the context of quantum physics. The sample consists of 68 knowledge justification schemes
on four quantum phenomena (N=17 participants who all produced four schemes). The proposed
framework discusses conceptual, relational and strategic knowledge presented in knowledge justification
schemes. The results show that analysis framework reveal significant differences between pre-service
teachers’ knowledge justification. We conclude that there is need and room for such practical tools,
which help future teachers to organize and consider their own knowledge.
Limbo Trabalhista-Previdenciário
Authors: Oliveira Rubia Mara Guimarães da Silva 
Published: September 2020

O artigo busca esclarecer a questão da aeromoça gestante diante do limbo trabalhista/previdenciário causado por alteração de competência de órgão da administração pública responsável pelo afastamento da gestante do trabalho. A primeira parte é dedicada ao elemento normativo da profissão, bem como da aplicação da lei em relação à profissão de comissários de bordo. Por conseguinte, trata-se da condição de gestante da aeromoça e seu afastamento do trabalho, a situação de abandono normativo da aeromoça grávida. Os últimos capítulos se concentram nas obrigações do empregador e do INSS, respectivamente. Como resultado, tem-se uma análise detalhada das normas pertinentes não somente em sua forma teórica, mas também prática, sobre o afastamento do trabalho da aeromoça grávida, segurada pela previdência social, em uma situação sui generis, diferente de outras profissões.
Ética, Mística e Espiritualidade: Agostinho entre nós
Authors: Contaldo Sílvia Maria de 
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar, no âmbito do pensamento de Santo Agostinho, a possível conjunção entre a razão e a fé no trato de questões que respondem a inquietações de matiz próprias do universo filosófico. Especificamente buscou-se tratar esse tema na (re)leitura da carta CXX, dirigida a Consencio, por volta do ano 410 dC. Também é intenção apresentar a originalidade de Agostinho para, valendo-se do gênero epistolar, discutir e refletir sobre diferentes assuntos, sempre a enfatizar o valor da argumentação que se apoia no exercício dialógico. Verifica-se que o propósito de Agostinho, muitas vezes, não é demonstrar a verdade, mas demonstrar a possibilidade de alcançá-la, mediante um empenho investigativo que não deixa de lado a dimensão da fé. Antes, toma-a como componente do universo de conhecimento que também é universo de formação do sujeito em suas múltiplas dimensões.
Development of a Validated Exam to Assess Pathologist Knowledge of Genomic Oncology
Authors: Haspel Richard L. , Jones J. Louise , Rizvi Hasan , Young Martin 
Published: September 2020

Context.—
There is a clear need to educate health professionals in genomic medicine. Pathologists, given their critical role in cancer diagnostics, must understand core concepts in genomic oncology. Although high-quality evaluation is a cornerstone of medical education, to our knowledge a rigorously validated genomic oncology assessment tool has not been published.

Objective.—
To develop and validate a genomic oncology exam.

Design.—
A previously developed exam was updated and validated using 3 approaches: pretesting/posttesting in relation to a live genomic pathology workshop; comparison of scores of individuals at a priori defined knowledge levels; and use of Rasch analysis. This last approach is used in high-stakes testing, such as licensing exams. The exam included both knowledge-based as well as skills-based questions related to the use of online genomics tools.

Results.—
There was a significant difference in exam scores preworkshop and postworkshop (37.5% to 75%; P &lt; .001). Individuals at a priori defined beginner, intermediate, and expert levels scored 35%, 58%, and 89%, respectively (P &lt; .001). Rasch analysis demonstrated excellent fit and reliability and led to further exam refinement with the removal of 2 questions deemed unnecessary for assessment.

Conclusions.—
A rigorously validated exam has now been created to assess pathologist genomic oncology knowledge and skills. The exam can be used to assess both individual learners as well as educational interventions. The exam may also be applicable to other specialties involved in genomic-based cancer care.
Youth, precarity and the future: undergraduate housing transitions in Portugal during the economic crisis
Authors: Cairns David 
Published: September 2020

This article examines the housing transitions of young people studying at universities in Lisbon, Portugal. With Portuguese youth already staying within the parental home for prolonged periods, the present discussion asks if the economic crisis is likely to make a further impact upon the housing behaviour of respondents. Issues explored include housing decision-making, involvement in domestic tasks and support received from parents. The results confirm that the majority of these young people intend to prolong their stays in the parental home due to the crisis, with their housing choices strongly linked to financial considerations and employment stability.
Too Much Information
Authors: Sunstein Cass R. 
Published: September 2020

Bestselling author and recipient of the 2018 Holberg Prize, Cass R. Sunstein, explores how more information can make us happy or miserable, and why we sometimes avoid it—but sometimes seek it out.
How much information is too much? Do we need to know how many calories are in the giant vat of popcorn that we bought on our way into the movie theater? Do we want to know if we are genetically predisposed to a certain disease? Can we do anything useful with next week's weather forecast for Paris if we are not in Paris? In Too Much Information, Cass Sunstein examines the effects of information on our lives. Policymakers emphasize “the right to know,” but Sunstein takes a different perspective, arguing that the focus should be on human well-being and what information contributes to it. Government should require companies, employers, hospitals, and others to disclose information not because of a general “right to know” but when the information in question would significantly improve people's lives.
Expression profile analysis to predict potential biomarkers for glaucoma: BMP1, DMD and GEM
Authors: Zhang Dao wei , Zhang Shenghai , Wu Jihong 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Glaucoma is the second commonest cause of blindness. We assessed the gene expression profile of astrocytes in the optic nerve head to identify possible prognostic biomarkers for glaucoma.

Method
A total of 20 patient and nine normal control subject samples were derived from the GSE9944 (six normal samples and 13 patient samples) and GSE2378 (three normal samples and seven patient samples) datasets, screened by microarray-tested optic nerve head tissues, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We used a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify coexpressed gene modules. We also performed a functional enrichment analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Genes expression was represented by boxplots, functional geneset enrichment analyses (GSEA) were used to profile the expression patterns of all the key genes. Then the key genes were validated by the external dataset.

Results
A total 8,606 genes and 19 human optic nerve head samples taken from glaucoma patients in the GSE9944 were compared with normal control samples to construct the co-expression gene modules. After selecting the most common clinical traits of glaucoma, their association with gene expression was established, which sorted two modules showing greatest correlations. One with the correlation coefficient is 0.56 (P = 0.01) and the other with the correlation coefficient is −0.56 (P = 0.01). Hub genes of these modules were identified using scatterplots of gene significance versus module membership. A functional enrichment analysis showed that the former module was mainly enriched in genes involved in cellular inflammation and injury, whereas the latter was mainly enriched in genes involved in tissue homeostasis and physiological processes. This suggests that genes in the green–yellow module may play critical roles in the onset and development of glaucoma. A LASSO regression analysis identified three hub genes: Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 gene (BMP1), Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene (DMD) and mitogens induced GTP-binding protein gene (GEM). The expression levels of the three genes in the glaucoma group were significantly lower than those in the normal group. GSEA further illuminated that BMP1, DMD and GEM participated in the occurrence and development of some important metabolic progresses. Using the GSE2378 dataset, we confirmed the high validity of the model, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 85%.

Conclusion
We identified several key genes, including BMP1, DMD and GEM, that may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Our results may help to determine the prognosis of glaucoma and/or to design gene- or molecule-targeted drugs.
Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) Leaf Powder Modulates Metabolism of Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Achiri Tange Denis , Agbor Eta Carine , Anye Ateh Marie , Abdulai Assan N. , Nsobinenyui Divine , Jallow Mamudou 
Published: September 2020

Aims: Maize grains are severely damaged by maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. Exploiting botanicals against synthetic insecticides as a control strategy has gained prominence in recent decades. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) to exert some control on S. zeamais.
Methodology: Maize and S. zeamais were collected from Muea market in Buea, Cameroon. The maize was heat sterilized and all debris removed. Sitophilus zeamais was reared for three generations before use. Ten S. zeamais were stored with 100 g of maize and 0 g, 2 g, 5 g, and 10 g of shade-dried cypress leaf powder was added in three replicates. Data was collected weekly for 5 weeks and analysis of variance was done. The study was conducted in a laboratory of the Teaching and Research farm in the University of Buea, Cameroon, in a randomized complete design.
Results: Mortality of S. zeamais was significantly affected (F = 126.67, df = 3, 8, p < .001) by different doses of cypress leaf powder. The mean mortality was 0%, 40.47%, 50.6% and 70.67% for control, 2 g, 5 g and 10 g of cypress leaf powder, respectively. Grain damaged (%) and holed grain were also influenced by cypress leaf powder. The highest grain damaged and holed grain were from the control treatment. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.814, p < .001) was observed between grain damaged and holed grain while a strong negative correlation was observed between mortality and holed grain (r = -0.926, p < .001), and grain damaged (r = -0.913, p < .001).
Conclusion: It is revealed that cypress leaf powder can alter some metabolic activities of S. zeamais, thus it can play a role in an integrated pest management program (IPM) of S. zeamais in maize storage.
Direct Characterization of Atomically Dispersed Catalysts: Nitrogen‐Coordinated Ni Sites in Carbon‐Based Materials for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Koshy David M. , Landers Alan T. , Cullen David A. , Ievlev Anton V. , Meyer Harry M. , Hahn Christopher , Bao Zhenan , Jaramillo Thomas F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal, nitrogen‐doped carbon materials have attracted interest as heterogenous catalysts that contain MNx active sites that are analogous to molecular catalysts. Of particular interest is Ni,N‐doped carbon, a catalyst that is active for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO. Critical to the understanding of these materials is proof of single atomic sites and characterization of the environment surrounding the metal atom; however, directly probing this coordination remains challenging. This challenge is addressed by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), single atom electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). Through STEM imaging, atomic dispersion of Ni in the carbon framework is confirmed and image analyses are utilized to give semiquantitative estimates of neighbor distance distributions and site densities of Ni atoms. Atomic resolution EELS demonstrates that N and Ni are colocated at the single Ni atom sites suggesting Ni–N coordination. ToF‐SIMS reveals a distribution of NiNxCy− fragments that reflect the Ni–N bonding environments within Ni,N‐doped carbon. The fragmentation from Ni,N‐doped carbon is similar to Ni phthalocyanine, suggesting the existence of heterogenized, molecular‐like NiN4 active sites which motivates future studies that leverage insight from molecular catalysis design to develop next‐generation heterogeneous catalysts.
Machine learning corrected alchemical perturbation density functional theory for catalysis applications
Authors: Griego Charles D. , Zhao Lingyan , Saravanan Karthikeyan , Keith John A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlchemical perturbation density functional theory (APDFT) has promise for enabling computational screening of hypothetical catalyst sites. Here, we analyze errors in first order APDFT calculation schemes for binding energies of CHx, NHx, OHx, and OOH adsorbates over a range of different coverages on hypothetical alloys based on a Pt(111) reference system. We then train three different support vector regression machine learning models that correct systematic APDFT prediction errors for each of the three classes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen based adsorbates. While uncorrected first order APDFT alone approximates accurate adsorbate binding energies on up to 36 hypothetical alloys based on a single Kohn–Sham DFT calculation on a 3 × 3 unit cell for Pt(111), the machine learning‐corrected APDFT extends this number to more than 20,000 and provides a recipe for developing other machine learning‐based APDFT models.
Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953): Mendeleev's Protege, a Brilliant Scientist, and the Top Soviet Chemist of the Stalin Era
Authors: Beloglazkina Elena K. , Bogatova Tatiana V. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis Essay outlines the life path and scientific achievements of Nikolai Zelinsky to testify to his contributions to organic chemistry, catalysis, and petrochemistry. His legacy includes four name reactions (the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction, 1887; the Zelinsky–Stadnikov reaction, 1906; Zelinsky irreversible catalysis, 1911; the Zelinsky–Kazansky acetylene trimerization, 1924), pioneering contributions to the main oil‐refining processes (thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, hydrodesulfurization, reforming, and oxidative regeneration of coked catalysts), the coal gas mask, Pd/C and other supported catalysts, and a very large scientific school.
A Bis‐Acridinium Macrocycle as Multi‐Responsive Receptor and Selective Phase‐Transfer Agent of Perylene
Authors: Hu Johnny , Ward Jas S. , Chaumont Alain , Rissanen Kari , Vincent Jean‐Marc , Heitz Valérie , Jacquot de Rouville Henri‐Pierre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA bis‐acridinium cyclophane incorporating switchable acridinium moieties linked by a 3,5‐dipyridylanisole spacer was studied as a multi‐responsive host for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon guests. Complexation of perylene was shown to be the most effective and was characterized in particular by a charge‐transfer band as signal output. Effective catch and release of the guest was triggered by both chemical (proton/hydroxide) and redox stimuli. Moreover, the dicationic host was also easily switched between organic and perfluorocarbon phases for applications related to the enrichment of perylene from a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Conductive and Elastic TiO2 Nanofibrous Aerogels: A New Concept toward Self‐Supported Electrocatalysts with Superior Activity and Durability
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wang Yan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Song Jun , Si Yang , Yan Jianhua , Ma Chunlan , Liu Yi‐Tao , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, various titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures have received increasing attention in the fields of energy conversion and storage owing to their electrochemical properties. However, these particulate nanomaterials exclusively exist in the powder form, which may cause health risks and environmental hazards. Herein we report a novel, highly elastic bulk form of TiO2 for safe use and easy recycling. Specifically, TiO2 nanofibrous aerogels (NAs) consisting of resiliently bonded, flexible TiO2 nanofibers are constructed, which have an ultralow bulk density, ultrahigh porosity, and excellent elasticity. To promote charge transfer, they are subjected to lithium reduction to generate abundant oxygen vacancies, which can modulate the electronic structure of TiO2, resulting in a conductivity up to 38.2 mS cm−1. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the conductive and elastic TiO2 NAs serve as a new type of self‐supported electrocatalyst for ambient nitrogen fixation, achieving an ammonia yield of 4.19×10−10 mol s−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 20.3 %. The origin of the electrocatalytic activity is revealed by DFT calculations.
Molecular Vanadium Oxides for Energy Conversion and Energy Storage: Current Trends and Emerging Opportunities
Authors: Anjass Montaha , Lowe Grace A. , Streb Carsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolecular vanadium oxides, or polyoxovanadates (POVs), have recently emerged as a new class of molecular energy conversion/storage materials, which combine diverse, chemically tunable redox behavior and reversible multielectron storage capabilities. This Review explores current challenges, major breakthroughs, and future opportunities in the use of POVs for energy conversion and storage. The reactivity, advantages, and limitations of POVs are explored, with a focus on their use in lithium and post‐lithium‐ion batteries, redox‐flow batteries, and light‐driven energy conversion. Finally, emerging themes and new research directions are critically assessed to provide inspiration for how this promising materials class can advance research in sustainable energy technologies.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Heptacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14] tetradecane from Norbornadiene: Mechanism of the Cage Assembly and Post‐synthetic Functionalization
Authors: Zieliński Adam , Marset Xavier , Golz Christopher , Wolf Lawrence M. , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA selective and scalable two‐step approach to the dimerization of norbornadiene (NBD) into its thermodynamically most stable dimer, heptacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.04,11.05,9.010,14] tetradecane, (HCTD) is reported. Calculations indicate that the reaction starts with the Rh‐catalyzed stepwise homo Diels–Alder cyclisation of NBD into its exo‐cis‐endo dimer. Treatment of this compound with acid promotes its evolution to HCTD via a [1,2]‐sigmatropic rearrangement. The assemblies of 7,12‐disubstituted cages from 7‐(alkyl/aryl) NBDs, as well as the selective post‐synthetic C−H functionalization of the core HCTD scaffold at position C1, or positions C1 and C4 are described.
Economizing on Precious Metals in Three‐Way Catalysts: Thermally Stable and Highly Active Single‐Atom Rhodium on Ceria for NO Abatement under Dry and Industrially Relevant Conditions**
Authors: Khivantsev Konstantin , Vargas Carlos Garcia , Tian Jinshu , Kovarik Libor , Jaegers Nicholas R. , Szanyi Janos , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe show for the first time that atomically dispersed Rh cations on ceria, prepared by a high‐temperature atom‐trapping synthesis, are the active species for the (CO+NO) reaction. This provides a direct link with the organometallic homogeneous RhIcomplexes capable of catalyzing the dry (CO+NO) reaction. The thermally stable Rh cations in 0.1 wt % Rh1/CeO2achieve full NO conversion with a turn‐over‐frequency (TOF) of around 330 h−1per Rh atom at 120 °C. Under dry conditions, the main product above 100 °C is N2with N2O being the minor product. The presence of water promotes low‐temperature activity of 0.1 wt % Rh1/CeO2. In the wet stream, ammonia and nitrogen are the main products above 120 °C. The uniformity of Rh ions on the support, allows us to detect the intermediates of (CO+NO) reaction via IR measurements on Rh cations on zeolite and ceria. We also show that NH3formation correlates with the water gas shift (WGS) activity of the material and detect the formation of Rh hydride species spectroscopically.
A comparative study on the clinical features of COVID‐19 with non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory viral infections
Authors: Tan Jing Yuan , Sim Xiang Ying Jean , Wee Liang En , Chua Ying‐Ying , Cherng Benjamin Pei Zhi , Ng Ian Matthias , Conceicao Edwin Philip , Wong Tzu‐Jung , Yang Yong , Aung May Kyawt , Ling Moi Lin , Venkatachalam Indumathi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, physicians have the important task of risk stratifying patients who present with acute respiratory illnesses. Clinical presentation of COVID‐19, however, can be difficult to distinguish from other respiratory viral infections. Thus, identifying clinical features that are strongly associated with COVID‐19 in comparison to other respiratory viruses can aid risk stratification and testing prioritization especially in situations where resources for virological testing and resources for isolation facilities are limited. In our retrospective cohort study comparing the clinical presentation of COVID‐19 and other respiratory viral infections, we found that anosmia and dysgeusia were symptoms independently associated with COVID‐19 and can be important differentiating symptoms in patients presenting with acute respiratory illness. On the other hand, laboratory abnormalities and radiological findings were not statistically different between the two groups. In comparing outcomes, patients with COVID‐19 were more likely to need high dependency or intensive care unit care and had a longer median length of stay. With our findings, we emphasize that epidemiological risk factors and clinical symptoms are more useful than laboratory and radiological abnormalities in differentiating COVID‐19 from other respiratory viral infections.