bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Evaluation of the Miniemulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Pivalate: The role of the Main Process Variables
Authors: Neto Weslany Silvério , Dutra Gabriel Victor Simões , Valadares Leonardo Fonseca , de Souza Fernando Gomes , Sousa Marcelo Henrique , Machado Fabricio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoly(vinyl pivalate) (PVPi) nanoparticles obtained via miniemulsion have particular properties useful for several applications. Thus, the present study aims to synthesize and characterize PVPi nanoparticles through the miniemulsion polymerization process, studying the effects of water‐soluble and oil‐soluble initiators, polymerization temperature, and the co‐stabilizer concentration on the final properties of the polymer, nanoparticle size, and conversion. The polymeric nanoparticles are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The miniemulsion polymerization process ensures the formation of a polymeric fluid with high colloidal and thermal stability, with maximum conversions of ≈85% and average particle diameter of 97.2 ± 21.8 nm. The polymeric properties, such as molar mass and glass transition temperature (Tg), are influenced by process variables such as synthesis temperature and the type of initiator. The use of potassium persulfate and 2,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiators favors the homogeneous nucleation mechanism, resulting in a decrease in the average particle diameter and in the growth of the chains, result in greater average molar masses and, consequently, greater Tg.
Joint inventory and fulfillment decisions for omnichannel retail networks
Authors: Govindarajan Aravind , Sinha Amitabh , Uichanco Joline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn omnichannel retailer with a network of physical stores and online fulfillment centers facing two demands (online and in‐store) has to make important, interlinked decisions—how much inventory to keep at each location and where to fulfill each online order from, as online demand can be fulfilled from any location with available inventory. We consider inventory decisions at the start of the selling horizon for a seasonal product, with online fulfillment decisions made multiple times over the horizon. To address the intractability in considering inventory and fulfillment decisions together, we relax the problem using a hindsight‐optimal bound, for which the inventory decision can be made independent of the optimal fulfillment decisions, while still incorporating virtual pooling of online demands across locations. We develop a computationally fast and scalable inventory heuristic for the multilocation problem based on the two‐store analysis. The inventory heuristic directly informs dynamic fulfillment decisions that guide online demand fulfillment from stores. Using a numerical study based on a fictitious network embedded in the United States, we show that our heuristic significantly outperforms traditional strategies. The value of centralized inventory planning is highest when there is a moderate mix of online and in‐store demands leading to synergies between pooling within and across locations, and this value increases with the size of the network. The inventory‐aware fulfillment heuristic considerably outperforms myopic policies seen in practice, and is found to be near‐optimal under a wide range of problem parameters.
In the footsteps of August Michaelis: Syntheses and Thermodynamics of Extremely Low‐Volatile Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Topp Anke , Siegesmund Antje , Päpcke Ayla , Köckerling Martin , Verevkin Sergey P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of nine different known ionic liquids or low melting salts was synthesised and purified. They are composed of the [NTf2]– (bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide), [OTf]– (trifluoro‐methane‐sulfonate), or [B(CN)4]– (tetracyanidoborate) anion and [Ph4P]+ (tetraphenylphosphonium), [Ph3BzP]+ (triphenylbenzyl phosphonium), [nBu4P]+ (tetra‐nbutylphosphonium), [nBuPh3P]+ (tri‐phenyl‐nbutylphosphonium), [nBu4N]+ (tetra‐nbutylammonium), or the [PPN]+ (bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium) cation. Precise vapour pressure data and enthalpies of vaporisation were measured using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) method and evaluated. Structure‐property relations are established using the obtained data as well as literature known data of ILs with alkyl‐substituted imidazolium cations. It turns out that ILs with the tetracyanidoborate anion have even higher values of the enthalpy of vaporisation than those with the common [NTf2]− or [OTf]− anion and therefore are even less volatile.
Bright IDEAS problem‐solving skills training for caregivers of children with sickle cell disease: A two‐site pilot feasibility trial
Authors: Young Melissa , Voll Megan , Noll Robert B. , Fairclough Diane L. , Flanagan‐Priore Cate 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBright IDEAS problem‐solving skills training (BI) is an evidence‐based behavioral intervention that has been utilized extensively with caregivers of children recently diagnosed with cancer. Considerable evidence has shown that BI is acceptable to caregivers of children recently diagnosed with cancer, and improvements in problem‐solving skills mediate reduced symptoms of distress.ProceduresA slightly modified version of BI was offered to caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in a two‐site pilot feasibility trial. BI was modified to reduce barriers to care, logistical challenges, and stigma associated with receiving behavioral health services. Our goal was to establish high rates of recruitment and retention among caregivers of children with SCD. Recruitment was acceptable (94%; N = 72) and retention reasonable (49%) across both sites with 35 caregivers successfully completing the BI program.ResultsResults showed that caregivers of children with SCD, who successfully completed the BI program reported, significant improvements in problem‐solving skills immediately and three months after intervention completion. Interestingly, initial levels of distress were low with few caregivers reporting clinically significant levels of distress; distress remained low over time.ConclusionsFindings are discussed in the context of psychosocial screening and resilience of caregivers of children with SCD.
COVID‐19 in pediatric survivors of childhood cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation from a single center in New York City
Authors: Jimenez‐Kurlander Lauren , Antal Zoltan , DeRosa Amelia , Diotallevi Deborah , Pottenger Elaine , Wilson Nadia , Corcoran Stacie , Boulad Farid , Friedman Danielle Novetsky 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChildhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for treatment‐related late effects; data are lacking on how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection impacts this cohort. We assessed COVID‐19‐related symptoms, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) IgG seroprevalence, and rate of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization among 321 asymptomatic survivors of childhood cancer or transplantation seen for routine long‐term follow‐up between May and September 2020 in a New York City tertiary cancer center. While 10.9% (n = 35) reported possible COVID‐19‐related symptoms, 7.8% (n = 20) of those tested had positive SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG, and one patient (0.3%) required COVID‐19‐related hospitalization. This report suggests that childhood cancer survivors appear to be at relatively low risk for COVID‐19 complications.
Lung ultrasound for early surfactant treatment: Development and validation of a predictive model
Authors: Aldecoa‐Bilbao Victoria , Balcells‐Esponera Carla , Herranz Barbero Ana , Borràs‐Novell Cristina , Izquierdo Renau Montserrat , Iriondo Sanz Martín , Salvia Roigés MªDolors 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and validate a feasible predictive model for early surfactant treatment in very preterm infants (VPI) admitted with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).MethodsPreterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestation with RDS and stabilized with noninvasive ventilation in delivery room were recruited (January 2018–April 2020). Clinical data, chest X‐ray (CXR) score, respiratory support, oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SF ratio), lung ultrasound (LUS) score, and diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) were recorded at 60–120 min of life. Oxygen threshold for surfactant administration was fraction of inspired oxygen more than 30%; ultrasound findings were blinded. Logistic regression models using a stepwise selection of variables were developed in the derivation cohort. Coefficients from these models were applied to the validation cohort and a diagnostic performance was calculated.ResultsA total of 144 VPI with a mean gestational age of 28.7 ± 2.2 weeks were included (94 into the derivation cohort, 50 into the validation cohort); 37 required surfactant treatment (25.7%). Gestational age, SF ratio, LUS score, CXR score, and Silverman score were related to surfactant administration (R2 = .823). Predictors included in the final model for surfactant administration were SF ratio and LUS score (R2 = .783) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) = 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93–1.00) in the derivation cohort and an AUC = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.85–0.99) in the validation cohort. By applying our predictive model, 26 patients (70.2%) would have been treated with surfactant earlier than 2 h of life.ConclusionThe predictive model showed a high diagnostic performance and could be of value to optimize early respiratory management in VPI with RDS.
A mixed cumulative sum homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for monitoring process mean
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Mei Sun , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Riaz Muhammad , Hussain Shahid , Abbas Zameer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe homogeneously weighted moving average (HWMA) control chart is famous to identify small deviations in the process mean. The plotting statistic of the HWMA chart assigns equal weight among the previous samples as compared to the plotting statistic of the exponentially weighted moving average chart. We propose a new HWMA chart that uses the plotting statistic of the cumulative sum chart. The run length performance of the proposed chart is measured in terms of the average, the standard deviation, some percentile points, and compared with some existing counterparts' charts. The comparison shows that the proposed chart performs superior to their existing counterparts. An application based on a real‐life dataset is also presented.
Epistemic Cognition: Why It Matters for an Educated Citizenry and What Instructors Can Do
Authors: Hofer Barbara K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn academic learning, searching for information, and encounters with competing truth claims, individuals engage their epistemic cognition. This chapter provides an introduction to this psychological construct and discusses research about how instructional practice can promote epistemological understanding for the development of an educated citizenry.
A Simple and Environmentally Friendly Field Method for Fecal Analysis of Herbivore Diet
Authors: Tuyisenge Marie Fidele , Eckardt Winnie , Nshutiyayesu Samuel , Devore Melanie 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTWe developed a simple and environmentally‐friendly protocol for identifying herbivore diets by isolating and identifying microscopic vegetation fragments from fecal materials that can be easily applied in remote areas where laboratories are absent. We used feces from human‐habituated Virunga mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), whose diet is well‐known, to develop and validate the protocol. First, fresh materials from parts of the 5 most frequently consumed plants by the Virunga gorillas were collected from June to July, 2016, processed, and their distinctive features photographed using a digital microscope to establish a plant reference collection. Second, we collected fresh fecal samples from 16 known gorillas and successfully identified distinctive vegetation fragments of the 5 key food plants. The method is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not require sophisticated laboratory equipment. It has the potential to be applied to species that cannot be easily studied by direct observation and those ranging in remote regions. The method can also be used in other studies involving plant‐animal interactions, the ontogeny of feeding behavior, and animal ecology. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Studien(fach)wahlen im Kontext von Klasse und Geschlecht: eine Verknüpfung
Authors: Loge Lena 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungStudien(fach)wahlen auf der Grundlage des Habituskonzepts zu analysieren, bedeutet – wie gezeigt wurde –, sie im Rahmen einer beidseitigen Passungskonstellation von Individuum und Hochschule bzw. Fachkultur zu betrachten. Damit geht insbesondere auch die Antizipation eines entsprechendes Berufsfeldes und der damit verbundenen sozialen Positionierung einher. Um diese das Geschlecht einschließende Perspektive theoretisch wie empirisch nutzbar zu machen, soll im Folgenden das Bourdieusche Verständnis von Geschlecht erarbeitet und kritisch reflektiert werden.
Prävention zeitlicher Überforderung bei komplexer Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit
Authors: Pietrzyk Ulrike , Gühne Michael , Hacker Winfried 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt erhöht die Gefahr zeitlicher Überforderung von Beschäftigten bei komplexer Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit infolge inadäquater Zeitvorgaben, was gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen nach sich ziehen kann. Adäquate Zeitvorgaben setzen das Wissen um nachhaltige Zeitbedarfe voraus. Für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit existiert jedoch kein Verfahren zur Ermittlung nachhaltiger Zeitbedarfe. Daran anschließend wird im Beitrag die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Ermittlung nachhaltiger Zeitbedarfe für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit vorgestellt. In einem ersten Schritt werden Schwierigkeiten der Zeitbedarfsermittlung für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit herausgearbeitet und ein Zeitermittlungsverfahren für algorithmische geistige Arbeit vorgestellt, welches einen möglichen Ansatz bietet, diesen Schwierigkeiten zu begegnen. Daran anschließend wird das zweischrittige Fallstudiendesign erläutert, mit welchem untersucht wurde, wie das Verfahren für die Anwendbarkeit auf komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit weiterentwickelt werden kann. Die Fallstudienergebnisse werden im vierten Abschnitt vorgestellt. Den Abschluss des Beitrags bildet die Darstellung des entwickelten Verfahrens zur Ermittlung nachhaltiger Zeitbedarfe bei komplexer Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit.
Fermions and baryons as open-string states from brane junctions
Authors: Nakas Theodoros , Rigatos Konstantinos S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There has been recent progress towards understanding the dynamics of world-volume fermions that arise as open-string modes from brane intersections in the probe limit (Nf/Nc → 0). In this work we consider all possible BPS brane junctions in Type IIA/B supergravity theories. We study in detail the dynamics of these states by deriving their equations of motion. We show the expected degeneracy of the bosonic and fermionic fluctuations as is expected due to the preserved supersymmetry. We also give some supporting evidence and refine the notion that these states can effectively describe baryon operators in a certain regime of the field theory’s parameter space. Our piece of evidence is the demonstration of the expected scaling of the mass in the large-Nc limit of the theory for these fermionic states; M2 ∼ $$ {N}_c^2 $$

N
c
2

. Finally, we explain analytically the avoided level crossing that was observed in a previous work after the inclusion of higher dimension operators in the field theory.
Neighbourhood-Scale Flow Regimes and Pollution Transport in Cities
Authors: Bannister Edward J. , Cai Xiaoming , Zhong Jian , MacKenzie A. Rob 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCities intimately intermingle people and air pollution. It is very difficult to monitor or model neighbourhood-scale pollutant transport explicitly. One computationally efficient way is to treat neighbourhoods as patches of porous media to which the flow adjusts. Here we use conceptual arguments and large-eddy simulation to formulate two flow regimes based on the size of patches of different frontal-area density within neighbourhoods. One of these flow regimes distributes pollutants in counter-intuitive ways, such as producing pollution ‘hot spots’ in patches of lower frontal-area density. The regimes provide the first quantitative definition of the ‘urban background’, which can be used for more precisely targeted pollution monitoring. They also provide a conceptual basis for further research into neighbourhood-scale air-pollution problems, such as parametrizations in mesoscale models, and the transport of fluid constituents in other porous media.
A review of the state-of-the-art in automatic post-editing
Authors: do Carmo Félix , Shterionov Dimitar , Moorkens Joss , Wagner Joachim , Hossari Murhaf , Paquin Eric , Schmidtke Dag , Groves Declan , Way Andy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents a review of the evolution of automatic post-editing, a term that describes methods to improve the output of machine translation systems, based on knowledge extracted from datasets that include post-edited content. The article describes the specificity of automatic post-editing in comparison with other tasks in machine translation, and it discusses how it may function as a complement to them. Particular detail is given in the article to the five-year period that covers the shared tasks presented in WMT conferences (2015–2019). In this period, discussion of automatic post-editing evolved from the definition of its main parameters to an announced demise, associated with the difficulties in improving output obtained by neural methods, which was then followed by renewed interest. The article debates the role and relevance of automatic post-editing, both as an academic endeavour and as a useful application in commercial workflows.
The hidden effect of inadvertent social information use on fluctuating predator–prey dynamics
Authors: Tóth Zoltán 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding biotic interactions and abiotic forces that govern population regulation is crucial for predicting stability from both theoretical and applied perspectives. In recent years, social information has been proposed to profoundly affect the dynamics of populations and facilitate the coexistence of interacting species. However, we have limited knowledge about how social information use influences cyclic and non-cyclic fluctuations of populations and if any population-level effects can be expected in species where individuals do not form social groups. In this study, I built individual-based models in a factorial design to investigate how predator avoidance behaviour and associated inadvertent social information (ISI) use alters the predictions of classical predator–prey population models in non-grouping (e.g., randomly moving) animals. Simulation results showed that ISI use in prey stabilized population dynamics by disrupting high-amplitude cyclic fluctuations in both predator and prey populations. Moreover, it also decreased the strength of the negative feedback of second-order dependence between predator and prey. I propose that if social cues are commonly used sources of information in animals regardless of the level of social organization, then similar social information-mediated effects on trophic interactions and population dynamics may be prevalent in natural communities.
Unveiling the Secrets of the Midinfrared (3–5 μm) Moon
Authors: Wu Yunzhao , Jin Qi , Li Cui , Xu Tianyi , Qi Wenwen , Tan Wei , Li Xiaoman , Shi Zhicheng , He Hongyan , Dai Shuwu , Li Guo , Liu Fengjing , Wang Jingqiao , Wang Xiaoyan , Lu Yu , Cai Wei , Wang Qi , Meng Lingjie , Guo Ding 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe know very well the Moon’s appearance in the visible wavelengths. What the Moon in the midinfrared (MIR) looks like is still a mystery. We present detailed appearance of the MIR Moon observed by a high‐resolution geostationary satellite and reveal the essence behind its appearance. The appearance of the MIR Moon is opposite to its normal visible appearance and shows limb darkening. Both the absolute and the relative brightness distribution of the MIR lunar disk changes with the solar incidence angle i. The signatures of the MIR Moon are controlled by both the reflection and the emission of the lunar surface. The center‐to‐limb temperature variation across the lunar disk is clearly shown. The slower decrease of the brightness temperature when moving away from the subsolar point than the Lambertian model represents topographic effects.
A Simple Method for Predicting Intensity Change Using the Peak Time Lag Between Lightning and Wind in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Kong Xiangzhen , Zhao Yang , Qiu Zhenfeng , Tao Xinyi , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing lightning data from the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and tracking data for Tropical Cyclones (TCs) from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the relationship between the peak time lag (Tlag) and the wind intensity change in severe and super typhoons was investigated. The Tlag between the maximum peaks of the inner‐core lightning and the TC intensity ranged from −132 to 198 h, while that of the entire TC lightning ranged from −174 to 198 h. The median Tlag values for strengthening and weakening storms were 54 and −21 h, respectively, while those for the entire TCs were 59 and −64 h, respectively. Lightning Frequency Peaks (LFPs) occurred more often with Average Intensity Changes (AICs) than intense intensity changes. Boundary equations were established based on the previous wind intensity change versus Tlag, and Tlag was simplified as a potential forecasting parameter of TC intensity change.
Influence of Intraseasonal Variability on the Development of Monsoon Depressions
Authors: Karmakar Nirupam , Boos William R. , Misra Vasubandhu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious studies showed that the activity of monsoon low‐pressure systems (LPS), which produce a large fraction of the South Asian monsoon's total rainfall, is modulated by intraseasonal variability. Using satellite‐derived products and atmospheric reanalyzes, this study examines how the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) separately modulates the occurrence of weaker LPS (lows) and stronger LPS (depressions). It is found that the genesis of lows is insensitive to ISO phase, while depressions exhibit a strong preference for genesis during the phase that is convectively active over the northern Indian Ocean. Essentially, development of LPS into depressions depends upon the timing of genesis of the initial disturbance. Evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that the development of lows into depressions is fostered by large‐scale atmospheric conditions governed by the ISO. Results also suggest that while lows have no preference for forming over ocean compared to land, depressions mostly form over ocean.