bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Environment on Microstructure Evolution and Friction of Au–Ni Multilayers
Authors: Cihan Ebru , Jungjohann Katherine , Argibay Nicolas , Chandross Michael , Dienwiebel Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present results from a systematic investigation of environmental effects on the frictional behavior of Au–Ni multilayer films of varying interlayer spacing. The current results, sliding against ruby spheres in a dry N2 atmosphere, are compared to prior work on the tribological behavior of these materials under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) (Cihan et al. in Sci Rep 9:1–10, 2019). Under both conditions, there is a regime of high friction when the interlayer spacing is large and a regime of low friction when the spacing is small. The low friction regime is associated with a critical grain size below which grain boundary sliding is expected to be the dominant mechanism of deformation. A shear-induced alloy formation (60–65 at.% Ni in Au) and a concomitant low friction coefficient was observed with multilayer spacings of 20 nm and lower under UHV. A distinct microstructure was found in dry N2, and is attributed to different interfacial characteristics due to adsorbed species; rather than mixing between Au and Ni layers, only the uppermost Au layers were affected by shearing. These observations are coupled with the friction and wear behavior of multilayer samples sliding under different environments.
Individual differences in local and global metacognitive judgments
Authors: Händel Marion , de Bruin Anique B. H. , Dresel Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted to understand how accurately students monitor their studying and performance via metacognitive judgments. Moreover, the bases of students’ metacognitive judgments are of interest. While previous results are quite consistent regarding the importance of performance for the accuracy of metacognitive judgments, results regarding motivational and personality variables are rather heterogeneous. This paper reports on two studies that simultaneously examined the predictive power of several performance, motivational, and personality variables on metacognitive judgments. The studies investigated a set of judgments (local and global postdictions in Study 1 and global pre- and postdictions in Study 2) and accuracy scores (bias, sensitivity, and specificity) in two different settings. Individual differences in judgments and judgment accuracy were studied via hierarchical regression analyses. Study 1 with N = 245 undergraduate students identified performance and domain-specific self-concept as relevant predictors for judgments after test taking. This was consistently found for local and global judgments. Study 2 with N = 138 undergraduate students hence focused on domain-specific self-concept and extended results to predictions. Study 2 replicated results for global postdictions but not predictions. Specifically, before task processing, students’ judgments relied mostly on domain-specific self-concept but not on test performance itself. The studies indicate that different judgments and measures of judgment accuracy are needed to obtain comprehensive insights into individual differences in metacognitive monitoring.
Anxiety in a digitalised work environment
Authors: Pfaffinger Katharina F. , Reif Julia A. M. , Spieß Erika , Berger Rita 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article in the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) presents a qualitative study which aims at conceptualising digitalisation anxiety. The increasing spread of digital technologies has consequences for how we live, work, and communicate. Alongside positive opportunities, digitalisation also involves risks and can lead to negative reactions such as anxiety. We conducted 26 interviews examining the psychological roots of digitalisation anxiety. We found that the digitalisation megatrend evokes anxieties related not only to individual or organisational changes, but also broader societal considerations. Based on our results, we suggest interventions that could help organisations, teams, and individuals cope with the triggers of digitalisation anxiety in order to improve people’s feelings and experiences related to digitalisation.
Investigation of the Susceptibility of the WE54 Magnesium-Based Alloy to Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Sozańska Maria , Mościcki Adrian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents an assessment of the susceptibility of the WE54 magnesium-based alloy to stress corrosion cracking in an 0.1 M Na2SO4 environment. In this work, the basis criterion for assessing the alloy’s behavior under complex mechanical and corrosive loads is the deterioration in its mechanical properties (elongation—ε, %, reduction in area—Z, %, tensile strength—Rm, MPa) along with a fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces. The WE54 magnesium-based alloy was subjected to the slow strain rate test (SSRT) under mechanical loads in corrosive environment (0.1 M Na2SO4 solution). The test was carried out in four variants: (a) SSRT in air, (b) cathodic hydrogen charging for 24 h at a current density of 50 mA/cm2 followed by SSRT in air, (c) SSRT in a corrosive environment under open-circuit potential conditions, and (d) SSRT in a corrosive environment under cathodic polarization at a current density of 50 mA/cm2. In each variant, the content of hydrogen in the alloy was determined. It was demonstrated that under SCC conditions, in the presence of hydrogen, the plastic properties of WE54 decreased significantly, whereas the alloy’s strength properties changed to a smaller degree. The change in the mechanical properties under SCC conditions in a corrosive environment was accompanied by a change in the fracture surface morphology and by the presence of numerous cracks, both on fracture surfaces and in the alloy’s microstructure.
Analysis of incremental die bending of wires and tubes
Authors: Holstein Viktor , Hermes Matthias , Tekkaya A. Erman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of bent wires, tubes, and profiles has a broad application in the industry as it is based on a great number of possible applications. Both structures with a high light-weight construction potential as well as functional and aesthetic geometry can be realised expediently. Known processes are often limited in case of tight radii and complex bending contours that cut each other or that are similar to a loop. The so called incremental die bending provides the remedy. It is an innovative process for the production of complexly shaped workpieces in the form of bent wires, tubes, or profiles. The bending process in case of incremental die bending is different to conventional processes, since a die is reshaped. With this process the semi-product is put into a hard bending shape by a moving feeding unit. The process is very accurate and at the same time cost-effective, since almost any bending contours can be produced form-based in one working stage. Furthermore, the die geometry enables the manufacture of contours that were previously very work-intensive or not producible at all.
Selected microRNAs Increase Synaptic Resilience to the Damaging Binding of the Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid Beta Oligomers
Authors: Zolochevska Olga , Taglialatela Giulio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by synaptic loss (at early stages) and neuronal death (at late stages). Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau oligomers can target and disrupt synapses thus driving cognitive decay. Non-demented individuals with Alzheimer’s neuropathology (NDAN) are capable of withstanding Aβ and tau toxicity, thus remaining cognitively intact despite presence of AD neuropathology. Understanding the involved mechanism(s) would lead to development of novel effective therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting synaptic resilience to amyloid toxicity. NDAN have a unique hippocampal post-synaptic proteome when compared with AD and control individuals. Potential upstream modulators of such unique proteomic profile are miRNA-485, miRNA-4723 and miRNA-149, which we found differentially expressed in AD and NDAN vs. control. We thus hypothesized that these miRNAs play an important role in promoting either synaptic resistance or sensitization to Aβ oligomer binding. Using an in vivo mouse model, we found that administration of these miRNAs affected key synaptic genes and significantly decreased Aβ binding to the synapses. Our findings suggest that miRNA regulation and homeostasis are crucial for Aβ interaction with synaptic terminals and support that a unique miRNA regulation could be driving synaptic resistance to Aβ toxicity in NDAN, thus contributing to their preserved cognitive abilities.
“It’s No Longer Taboo, is It?” Stories of Intimate Citizenship of People with Disabilities in Today’s Russian Public Sphere
Authors: Iarskaia-Smirnova Elena , Verbilovich Volha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article examines how disability and sexuality are represented in today’s Russian media, and how disabled people navigate these understandings. Drawing on online storytelling and first person stories about sexuality told by disabled people in the public sphere, the article provides a qualitative account of people with disabilities, journalists and civil rights advocates, analyzing how contemporary Russians with disabilities narrate their own lives in public forums. The focus of their stories, as well as the accounts of eyewitnesses, volunteers in the institutions, is on the constraints and limits of sexuality and intimacy spheres imposed by the professionals, families and wider society. This article also interprets the narratives behind disabled people’s sexuality circulating in contemporary Russia through digital networks, in combination with qualitative data from primary sources: disability activists and two journalists with and without disability in Moscow. It is argued that the telling of these stories in a public forum is a political act. In personal stories about sexual, bodily experiences told in the interviews or autobiographical texts, self-presentations and discussions in social networks, the voices of people are heard, permitting emancipation from previous categories. However, disability always remains with them, playing an important role in social lives of these people and in their sexual experiences and identities, becoming the cornerstone of the personal and collective re-defining of themselves. Using ideas of “visibility politics” (Arendt), queer/crip kinship and intimate citizenship (Plummer), the authors demonstrate how someone might choose to speak publicly about a topic and how this understanding develops cultural understandings of contemporary Russia.
Broadening Genetic Diversity of the Japanese Potato Gene Pool
Authors: Hosaka Kazuyoshi , Sanetomo Rena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNewly developed potato varieties in Japan have never replaced existing old varieties, indicating genetic poverty in our gene pool. To broaden the genetic diversity, Andean primitive cultivated potatoes (Andigena) were used to create parental clones. A total of 184 Andigena accessions and 10 tetraploidSolanum tarijense-Andigena hybrid clones were crossed with a breeding clone 10H17. From 6939 F1hybrid clones, 287 were selected as long-day-adapted F1clones. From progeny evaluation using these as pollen parents crossed with Atlantic, 95 male-fertile and high-yielding F1clones were selected (PGEL clones). The genetic relationship was evaluated using 17,947 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, which disclosed their distinctiveness, with larger mean Euclidean distances between PGEL clones and Japanese, foreign, or all tetraploid varieties (48.0, 49.9 or 49.4, respectively) than between Japanese and foreign varieties (47.2). Thus, these PGEL clones can be used to expand genetic diversity in Japanese potato breeding populations.
Further evidence for fungivory in the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, UK
Authors: Edwards Dianne , Axe Lindsey , Morris Jennifer L. , Boddy Lynne , Selden Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe recent demonstrations that widespread mid-Palaeozoic Prototaxites and other nematophytes had fungal affinities indicate that terrestrial fungi were important elements in carbon cycling in the Early Devonian. Here, we provide evidence for their participation in the recycling of nutrients by early terrestrial invertebrates. Evidence is in the form of coprolites, both those associated with nematophytes or containing their fragmentary remains. Cylindrical coprolites consistently associated with fungal mats are placed in a new ichnospecies, Bacillafaex myceliorum. Their contents are granular to amorphous, suggestive of complete digestion of the ingested hyphae, with the inference of possession of chitinases in the digestive tracts of the consumers. A further single example comprises a cluster of cylindrical bodies attached to the lower surface of a Nematothallus fragment. Here, homogenisation was less complete, with traces of hyphae remaining. Terrestrial animal fossils have not been found at the locality, but scorpions, pseudoscorpions, Opiliones, mites, centipedes (carnivores) and millipedes, and Collembola (detritivores) have been recorded from the slightly younger Rhynie cherts. Studies of fungivory in extant arthropods have concentrated on Collembola and, to a lesser extent, mites, but their faecal pellets are much smaller than the fossil examples. Millipedes, based on body size and faeces of extant forms, are considered more realistic producers, but little is known about fungal feeding in these animals. Regardless of the affinities of the producers, the diversity in morphology, sizes, aggregations, and composition of nematophyte-containing examples suggests that fungivory was an important component of carbon cycling in early terrestrial ecosystems.
A broader approach to recreational water quality assessment: Buenos Aires City case study
Authors: López Sardi Mónica , Larroudé Victoria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, the world population has become more urban than rural, but the human contact with nature is still a necessity for a proper physical and mental development. The urban green areas are a significant part of the urban heritage, providing fundamental ecosystem services. They give us the possibility of having social and cultural interaction surrounded by nature. Water is usually part of the landscape of these areas. The quality of the recreational water in urban green areas impacts on multiple factors like soil, vegetation, aquatic and terrestrial life and public health. A complete evaluation of this quality requires applying different methodologies simultaneously. Samples were collected at eight sites of Buenos Aires City in order to assess the quality of its recreational water. Results were compared with water quality standards in established legislation and were ranked by the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI). Euphotic zone transparency was used as a parameter of the impact on aquatic life, measuring the Secchi depth. A test for fecal coliform bacteria was used as a risk indicator for human health. In accordance with the NSF-WQI ranking, the eight sampling sites have medium or bad water quality. Fifty percent of the sites exceeded the allowed count of coliform bacteria. According to established legislation, five of the studied sites were found to be unsuitable for primary, secondary or passive aquatic activities. Of the remaining sites, two were suitable for passive activities and only one qualified to be suitable for all kinds of aquatic activities. Secchi depth measures reveal a bad water quality for aquatic life at four of the analyzed sites.
Impact of effluent discharge from a medium-scale fish farm on the water quality of Odo-Owa stream near Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Famoofo Oluwaseyi O. , Adeniyi Israel F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the impact of effluent discharge from a medium-scale aquaculture fish farm on the water quality of a nearby receiving stream, Odo-Owa stream, near Ijebu-Ode (06° 49′ N, 003° 56′ E) in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. Some physicochemical water quality parameters of the effluent receiving stream were determined at seven selected sites, above and below the effluent discharge point into the stream to assess the effluent impact on the water body. The seven sampling stations comprised three stations (A–C) located upstream of the effluent discharge point (Station D), two stations (E and F) located downstream of Station D, while the seventh station (Station G) was a close-by reference groundwater source. The water quality parameters investigated include five physical parameters (water temperature, apparent color, true color, turbidity and transparency), seven general chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, TDS, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia and DO), seven major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42− and HCO3ˉ), three nutrient compounds (PO43−, NO3− and NO2−) and five heavy metals (Hg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+). Water samples were collected from each sampling station twice per season: dry season (December 2013 and February 2014) and rainy season (April and July 2014), and analyzed in the laboratory using standard analytical methods. The result showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in most of the investigated parameters between the impacted (Stations A–C) and unimpacted sections (Stations E and F) of the effluent receiving stream. Ammonia was about nine times higher; true color was more than five times higher; apparent color, depth, alkalinity, HCO3− and SO42− were each more than two times higher, while pH, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cl− and PO43− were generally higher along the impacted section than the unimpacted section of the receiving stream. Except for Hg2+, the mean concentrations of all the heavy metals analyzed (Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+) were also higher in the impacted portion than in the unimpacted portion. Seasonal variations across the water stretch showed that the mean (± SE) concentrations of TDS, turbidity, PO43−, Mn2+, Fe2+ and Hg2+ were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the rainy season than in the dry season. The WQI was more fair (26–50) at the unimpacted (48.42) section of the water stretch as well as in the rainy (48.36) than it was in the impacted section (47.62) as well as during the dry season (45.36). The effluent discharge point, D (40.50), recorded the least WQI. This study showed that effluent discharge from the investigated medium-scale fish farm had a significant negative impact on the water quality of the receiving Odo-Owa stream and the indicator parameters comprised of ammonia, color and alkalinity.
Cytomegalovirus in Pregnancy
Authors: Gupta Sangeeta , Sadhvi B. Sathindra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus is worldwide the most common pathogen causing teratogenic congenital infection. Maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a serious health concern as it is associated with severe birth defects like sensori-neural hearing loss, impairment of cognitive development and cerebral palsy. It is acquired by contact with body fluids and by vertical transmission from mother to fetus. Transmission rates are particularly high after primary infection of women. Unlike rubella infection, past infection with CMV and seropositivity at the time of conception does not confer protection to the fetus. The rate of transmission increases with period of gestation but the severity is more when an infection is transmitted to fetus before 20 weeks gestation. Congenital CMV (cCMV) infection may present as cerebral or extracerebral ultrasound abnormalities, fetal growth restriction and fetal loss. Hearing loss is the most common long term sequelae of cCMV infection accounting for about 25–30% of all cases of hearing loss in children in the US. Immunoglobulin G avidity testing is used to better define the timing of the infection in the mother. Invasive testing and ultrasound aid in the diagnosis of fetal infection. Hygiene information to pregnant women for prevention of CMV infection is currently the most effective preventive strategy. The role of vaccines, antiviral drugs and immunoglobulins is still not proven.
Small Talk mit Bildzeichen
Authors: Beißwenger Michael , Pappert Steffen 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungEmojis erfreuen sich in der digitalen Alltagskommunikation großer Beliebtheit. Insbesondere in informellen, privaten Kontexten werden die kleinen Bildzeichen hochfrequent verwendet. Dies lässt annehmen, dass sie die Interaktionsgestaltung und das sprachliche Handeln sehr zentral und differenziert unterstützen. Im Beitrag wird ein Beschreibungsrahmen vorgestellt, der Praktiken des Handelns mit Emojis unter einer pragmatischen Perspektive analysierbar macht und der danach fragt, was Emojis für den Aufbau von Sinn und Verstehen in der internetbasierten Kommunikation leisten (und warum). Wie dieser Beschreibungsrahmen für das Verständnis konkreter Emoji-Verwendungen im Interaktionskontext genutzt werden kann, wird an der Analyse eines WhatsApp-Verlaufs demonstriert.
Normalization of mediotemporal and prefrontal activity, and mediotemporal-striatal connectivity, may underlie antipsychotic effects of cannabidiol in psychosis
Authors: O'Neill Aisling , Wilson Robin , Blest-Hopley Grace , Annibale Luciano , Colizzi Marco , Brammer Mick , Giampietro Vincent , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating ingredient present in cannabis extract, has an antipsychotic effect in people with established psychosis. However, the effect of CBD on the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying psychosis is unknown.MethodsPatients with established psychosis on standard antipsychotic treatment were studied on separate days at least one week apart, to investigate the effects of a single dose of orally administered CBD (600 mg) compared to a matched placebo (PLB), using a double-blind, randomized, PLB-controlled, repeated-measures, within-subject cross-over design. Three hours after taking the study drug participants were scanned using a block design functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, while performing a verbal paired associate learning task. Fifteen psychosis patients completed both study days, 13 completed both scanning sessions. Nineteen healthy controls (HC) were also scanned using the same fMRI paradigm under identical conditions, but without any drug administration. Effects of CBD on brain activation measured using the blood oxygen level-dependent hemodynamic response fMRI signal were studied in the mediotemporal, prefrontal, and striatal regions of interest.ResultsCompared to HC, psychosis patients under PLB had altered prefrontal activation during verbal encoding, as well as altered mediotemporal and prefrontal activation and greater mediotemporal-striatal functional connectivity during verbal recall. CBD attenuated dysfunction in these regions such that activation under its influence was intermediate between the PLB condition and HC. CBD also attenuated hippocampal-striatal functional connectivity and caused trend-level symptom reduction in psychosis patients.ConclusionsThis suggests that normalization of mediotemporal and prefrontal dysfunction and mediotemporal-striatal functional connectivity may underlie the antipsychotic effects of CBD.