bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0972 Persistence, Remission, Acquisition Of Sleep Disturbances Contributes To The Transition Of Emotional/behavioral Problems In Preschool Children
Authors: Deng Y , Wang G , Li W , Zhang Y , Zhao J , Zhang Z , Jiang F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have consistently reported associations between sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioral problems in children. However, few studies have examined whether the remission, acquisition of sleep disturbances contribute to the transition of emotional and behavioral problems during preschool years.

Methods
This study used data from the Shanghai Children’s Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation-Preschool (SCHEDULEA-P), a prospective, population-based cohort study of newly enrolled preschoolers in Shanghai kindergartens in Nov. 2016. In total, 17182 children with complete data on parent-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) both at school enrollment(wave 1) and the third year(wave 2) were included in the study. Children’s sleep disturbances were measured using Children Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) at both waves.

Results
The 17182 participants included 8935(52.0%) males, with a mean (SD) age of 3.73(0.29) years at wave 1. 66.9%, 7.2%, 17.4% and 8.5% of these children were divided into persistent sleep disturbance, acquired, remitted group and persistent normal sleep group, respectively. The proportion of persistent, acquired, remitted emotional/behavioral problems and normal group was 13.7%, 9.4%, 21.1%, 55.8%. SDQ scores of acquired sleep disturbances group stayed high at wave 3, while SDQ scores of remitted sleep disturbances group decreased sharply during the preschool years. After adjusted for confounding factors, the odds of remission from emotional/behavioral problems among children who experienced remission of sleep disturbances, who had persistent normal sleep were both much higher compared to those who had persistent sleep disturbances (OR=2.53(2.12-3.01), p&lt;0.001; OR=2.74(2.01-3.75), p&lt;0.001). Meanwhile, the odds of acquisition of emotional/behavioral problems at wave 2 among subjects who newly acquired sleep disturbances at wave 2 and who had persistent sleep disturbances was similarly higher than those who never have sleep disturbances(OR= 2.75, P&lt;0.001 VS OR=2.77, P&lt;0.001). Besides, those who experience remission of sleep disturbances still have 1.48 times the odds of acquisition of emotional / behavioral problems(P=0.006).

Conclusion
The remission of sleep disturbances contributed to the remission of emotional/behavioral problems, while the emergence of sleep disturbances throughout preschool years increased the risk of the acquisition of emotional/behavioral problems.

Support
Supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773443, 81728017, 81602870, 81601162, 81602868)
0973 Maternal Depression And Infant Sleep Duration Trajectory In The First 3 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gui Y , Wang G , Deng Y , Li W , Jiang F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The study was to investigate trajectories of infant sleep duration and associations with trajectories of maternal depression status during 3 years post-partum.

Methods
Data were from the Child Health Promotion Project in Shanghai (CHPPS). Mothers were recruited at the third trimester of pregnancy and followed up together with the infants until 36 months postpartum. Between 2012 and 2013, 262 women (Mage=29.5, SDage=3.2, range: 22-39 years old) were recruited and were followed from June 2012 to August 2015. Sleep duration of the children was assessed using Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) at 42 days, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 36 months postpartum. Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CESD), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were used to measure the mother’s depression status at late pregnancy, 42 days postpartum, and 12-36 months postpartum, respectively. The group-based trajectory models (GBTM) were used to estimate patterns of infant sleep duration development and maternal depression status.

Results
Two trajectories of infant day sleep duration were identified, defined as “initial short sleepers” (54.8%) and “initial long sleepers” (45.2%). Three trajectories of infant night sleep duration were identified, labeled as “increasing” (8.5%), “stable” (61.7%), and “mild declining” (29.8%). Two trajectories infant total sleep duration were identified, defined as “initial short sleepers” (51.5%) and “initial long sleepers” (48.5%). Two trajectories of maternal depression status were identified, labeled as “low” (74.2%) and “high” (25.8%). After controlling for covariates, women who have higher depression status had infants of shorter day sleep duration. There was no significant association with infant night sleep duration.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that maternal postpartum depression is associated with short infant day sleep duration, but not with infant night sleep duration.

Support
Supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773443, 81728017, 81602870, 81601162, 81602868)
0990 Evaluating Components Of Sleep Quality And The Sleep-Quality Of Life Relationship For Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gross Y , Barakat L , Daniel L C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep quality is associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL) for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Research has yet to evaluate how components of child sleep quality uniquely contribute to HRQL beyond demographic characteristics. This study evaluates features of sleep and the relationship between sleep and HRQL for children in the maintenance phase of ALL treatment.

Methods
89 caregivers (ages 20-52, M=35.95, SD=7.10) of children with ALL (ages 3-12, M=5.73, SD=2.21; 13.76 months from diagnosis) completed demographic questionnaires and reports of child sleep quality (Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire; CSHQ), and 64 caregivers reported on child HRQL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory). Descriptive statistics were calculated. T-tests compared CSHQ subscales to ratings of healthy normative values. Pearson correlations evaluated associations between sleep and overall HRQL. Hierarchical regression assessed whether CSHQ subscales uniquely predicted HRQL beyond demographic characteristics.

Results
This sample reported greater bedtime resistance [t(88)=6.413, p&lt;.001], sleep onset delay [t(88)=3.180, p=.002], sleep anxiety [t(88)=4.271, p&lt;.001], night awakenings [t(88)=6.031, p&lt;.001], parasomnias [t(88)=3.900, p&lt;.001], and daytime sleepiness [t(87)=1.781, p=.078] than normative values, although sleep duration [t(88)=1.781, p=.078] and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) [t(88)=-.061, p=.951] did not differ. HRQL was related to SDB (r=-.289, p=.021), bedtime resistance (r=-.263, p=.036), and total sleep score (r=-.34, p=.006). The regression model with SDB and bedtime resistance explained 24.2% of variance but was not significant [F(6,31)=1.651, p=.167].

Conclusion
Caregiver ratings showed greater sleep impairments for children in this sample than of norms. Sleep subscales were associated with HRQL, but did not predict HRQL beyond demographic factors. Caregiver reports of child sleep and HRQL may vary depending on when during the monthly chemotherapy cycle questionnaires were completed. SDB did not differ from normative values but was related to HRQL, suggesting the need to screen for SDB symptoms to potentially improve child outcomes.

Support
This study was supported by funding from the American Cancer Society PF-13-238-01-PCSM (PI: Daniel).
0996 School Start Times Are Associated With Youth And Parent Sleep Duration
Authors: Gunn H E , Eberhardt K R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Early school start times contribute to insufficient sleep in adolescents; however, we know little about the impact of school start times at a family level. Moreover, even among similar school start times, sleep opportunity varies depending on mode of transportation and travel time. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine whether AM school departure time is associated with sleep duration in parents and young adolescents.

Methods
Parent-adolescent dyads (n=31) completed 10 days of actigraphy and sleep diaries. Adolescents were 10-14 year olds (58% male). Parents were predominately mothers (87%) and their mean age was 44 yrs (SD = 5.9). Dyads were 77% White, 11% Black, and 12% Biracial or Other. Youth leave for school time was assessed with the School Sleep Habits Survey. Actigraphy- and diary-assessed total sleep time (TST) was averaged across 10 days and on weekdays. Separate regressions models for parents and adolescents determined associations between school leave time (predictor) and two outcomes: 10-day TST and weekday TST.

Results
For adolescents, later leave for school time was associated with longer 10-day actigraphy-assessed TST (β = .504, p = .012) and diary-assessed TST (β =.683, p &lt;.001). Later leave for school time was also associated with more weekday actigraphy and diary-assessed TST (β = .661 and .426, respectively, p’s &lt; .05). For parents, later leave for school time predicted more diary-assessed sleep across 10 days (β = .481, p = .013) and on weekdays, but this finding did not reach significance (β = .373, p = .061). Leave for school time was not associated with parents’ actigraphy-assessed TST across the 10-day period or on weekdays (p’s &gt; .10).

Conclusion
The time that youth need to leave for school may more closely approximate sleep opportunity regardless of actual school start time. This is particularly relevant for urban and rural youth with long commutes. Findings add to the strong support that delayed school start times or flexible scheduling will benefit adolescent sleep and also suggest positive impacts at the family level.

Support
This material is based upon work supported by the Sleep Research Society Foundation.
Efficacy and Safety in Combining Primary Palatoplasty and Myringotomy in Patients with Cleft Palate
Authors: Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Mamidi Ishwarya , Rokni Alex , Brennan Ashleigh , Rana Md Sohel , Goldrich Agnes , Manrique Monica , Shah Monica , Reilly Brian K. , Rogers Gary F. , Oh Albert K. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Patients born with a cleft lip and palate undergo multiple surgical procedures, increasing the infants’ exposure to anesthesia and potential risk of neurocognitive delays. In addition, these numerous procedures lead to greater use of hospital resources. This study analyzes the differences in anesthetic exposure and perioperative characteristics between performing combined versus separate primary palatoplasty (PP) and placement of bilateral myringotomy tubes (BMT).

Methods:
We reviewed patients younger than 2 years who underwent PP and BMT at our institution from June 2014 to January 2019. Patients who underwent PP and BMT during the same admission (combined group = 74) and during separate admissions (separate group = 26) were studied. Due to the small sample size in the separate group, additional data for this group were gathered by propensity score matching by gender, race, and American Society of Anesthesiology class. Statistical analyses were carried out to identify significant differences between the 2 groups. Linear regression was performed to compare perioperative variables.

Results:
One hundred patients met the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics or American Society of Anesthesiology class, surgery and anesthesia duration, dosage of intraoperative dexmedetomidine, hospital length of stay, and perioperative complications (P > 0.05). Per contra, combined group had significantly lower intraoperative dosages of fentanyl (P = 0.01) and shorter postoperative care unit stay (P = 0.047).

Conclusions:
This study documents decreased postoperative care unit time and anesthesia drug exposure without increased length of stay or perioperative complications in patients undergoing combined PP and BMT. These results support combining PP and BMT to reduce exposure to potentially neurotoxic medications and to increase efficient utilization of hospital resources.
Autologous Fat Transfer for Scar Prevention and Remodeling: A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Brown J. Christian , Shang Hulan , Yang Ning , Pierson Justine , Ratliff Catherine R. , Prince Noah , Roney Nicholas , Chan Rodney , Hatem Victoria , Gittleman Haley , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Vincek Vladimir , Katz Adam J. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Autologous fat transfer—also referred to as fat grafting—has been reported to provide beneficial effects to overlying scar and skin. Despite procedural frequency, there is a paucity of high-level evidence guiding the surgeon in technique, patient selection, and efficacy.

Methods:
A multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, internally placebo-controlled trial was performed with an aim to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the impact of autologous fat transfer on the quality of overlying scar tissue. Fat-grafted scars were evaluated and compared with paired, saline-injected “control” scars. Subjective and objective metrics were evaluated in treated sites for 12 months after treatment.

Results:
Blinded qualitative results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in scar quality over time in fat-grafted scars. However, these improvements were not found to be statistically different from changes noted in scars treated with saline. In addition, objective metrics did not statistically differ between saline-injected and autologous fat-grafted scars.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that autologous fat grafting can improve the qualitative profile of a scar from both the patient and observer perspectives. However, there was no difference in improvement when compared with scars that were treated with saline in a randomized and blinded fashion. These results demonstrate that any improvements in scar quality related to fat grafting are also achieved using saline and suggest that mechanisms other than cell activity may be at play. Additional randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials are required to either corroborate or contest the putative beneficial effect(s) of adipose tissue on scar remodeling.
Treatment of Hepatoblastoma With Drug-eluting Bead Transarterial Chemoembolization in a 13-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hoyer Matthew , Goli Rakesh , Barnett Katherine K. , Raabe Eric H. , Hong Kelvin 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Prior reports have shown the utility of conventional lipiodol-based transarterial chemoembolization in hepatoblastoma. The authors describe the first reported case of hepatoblastoma treated with drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE).

Observations:
An 11-month-old infant presented with hepatoblastoma measuring 14.3 cm. A trial of cisplatin chemotherapy followed by sequential DEB-TACE to the tumor’s feeding vasculature reduced the mass to 5.3 cm. The patient tolerated both sessions of DEB-TACE without any major complication. Having demonstrated adequate disease control, the patient then underwent successful liver transplantation.

Conclusion:
This report provides promising evidence for the treatment of hepatoblastoma with DEB-TACE.
The association between polymorphism of norepinephrine transporter G1287A and major depressive disorder, antidepressant response: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiaofeng , Song Chuanfu , Wang Na , He Jin , Yang Xueping , Zhang Huijie , Deng Yajie , He Yi , Liu Yujia , Li Hengfen , Cao Suxia 
Published: May 2020

Objectives
Massive research has examined the cause of major depressive disorder (MDD) and accumulating evidence has revealed that the gene for the norepinephrine transporter (NET) is involved in MDDs etiology as well as the antidepressant response. The G1287A (rs5569, GRCh38, Chromosome 16, 55697923) is located in the exon 9 region of the SLC6A2 gene. It was found to be connected with MDD and antidepressant response in people of different genetic ancestries. However, the results are still inconsistent.

Methods
A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the overall association of rs5569 polymorphisms with MDD and the antidepressant response.

Results
Sixteen articles that studied the connection between the G1287A polymorphism and MDD or antidepressant response were identified, and their outcomes revealed there was a significant connection between the polymorphisms and MDD and antidepressant response. Our study indicated that the GG genotype may be a protection factor against the development of MDD [odds ratio (OR = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64–0.96, P = 0.02 for Asian population; OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63–0.98, P = 0.03 for Han Chinese population] while the GG genotype had a worse antidepressant response (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.25–0.94, P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
NET G1287A polymorphisms are involved in the etiology of MDD and antidepressant response.
Mathematical framework for place coding in the auditory system
Authors: Reyes Alex D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the auditory system, tonotopy is postulated to be the substrate for a place code, where sound frequency is encoded by the location of the neurons that fire during the stimulus. Though conceptually simple, the computations that allow for the representation of intensity and complex sounds are poorly understood. Here, a mathematical framework is developed in order to define clearly the conditions that support a place code. To accommodate both frequency and intensity information, the neural network is described as a topological space with elements that represent individual neurons and clusters of neurons. A bijective mapping is then constructed from acoustic space to neural space so that frequency and intensity are encoded, respectively, by the location and size of the clusters. Algebraic operations -addition and multiplication- are derived to elucidate the rules for representing, assembling, and modulating multi-frequency sound in networks. The predicted outcomes of these operations are consistent with network simulations as well as with electrophysiological and psychophysical data. The analyses show how both frequency and intensity can be encoded with a purely place code, without the need for rate or temporal coding schemes. The algebraic operations are used to describe loudness summation and suggest a mechanism for the critical band. The mathematical approach complements experimental and computational approaches and provides a foundation for interpreting data and constructing models.Author SummaryOne way of encoding sensory information in the brain is with a so-called place code. In the auditory system, tones of increasing frequencies activate sets of neurons at progressively different locations along an axis. The goal of this study is to elucidate the mathematical principles for representing tone frequency and intensity in neural networks. The rigorous, formal process ensures that the conditions for a place code and the associated computations are defined precisely. This mathematical approach offers new insights into experimental data and a framework for constructing network models.
A general model of population dynamics accounting for multiple kinds of interaction
Authors: Stucchi Luciano , Pastor Juan Manuel , García-Algarra Javier , Galeano Javier 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPopulation dynamics has been modelled using differential equations almost since Malthus times, more than two centuries ago. Basic ingredients of population dynamics models are typically a growth rate, a saturation term in the form of Verhulst’slogistic brake, and a functional response accounting for interspecific interactions. However intraspecific interactions are not usually included in the equations. The simplest models use linear terms to represent a simple picture of the nature, meanwhile to represent more complex landscapes, it is necessary to include more terms with higher order or analytically more complex. The problem to use a simpler or more complex model depends on many factors: mathematical, ecological, or computational. To address it, here we discuss a new model based on a previous logistic-mutualistic model. We have generalised the interspecific terms (for antagonistic and competitive relationships) and we have also included new polynomial terms to explain any intraspecific interaction. We show that by adding simple intraspecific terms, new free-equilibrium solutions appear driving a much richer dynamics. These new solutions could represent more realistic ecological landscapes by including a new high order term.
State-space Modeling Clarifies Productivity Regime Shifts of Japanese Flying Squid
Authors: Nishijima Shota , Kubota Hiroshi , Kaga Toshiki , Okamoto Suguru , Miyahara Hisae , Okamura Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTRegime shifts of climatic and environmental conditions potentially affect productivity of fisheries resources, posing challenging issues to stock management. The stocks of the Japanese flying squid (Todarodes pacificus) are suspected to suffer from regime shifts, but their detection is difficult and possibly doubtful because the nature of short-lived species readily makes the effect of regime shifts confounded with observation errors. Here we developed a new state-space assessment model to evaluate the influence of regime shifts on spawner-recruitment relationship of the Japanese flying squid. The model simultaneously estimates the population dynamics of multiple stocks that could share some life history parameters, making parameter inference stable. We demonstrate that two-time regime shifts of productivity around 1991 and 2015 caused two-to three-fold changes of maximum sustinabile yields. The model with regime shifts clarifies the relationship between fishing pressure and spawner abudance that is difficult to detect in a model with no regime shift. The state-space approach will be a promising tool to accurately assess stock status by separating recruitment process from observation errors and contribute tothe management of marine biological resources sensitive to regime shifts.
BrphyBis critical for rapid recovery to darkness in matureBrassica rapaleaves
Authors: Arsovski Andrej A. , Zemke Joseph E. , Hamm Morgan , Houston Lauren , Romanowski Andrés , Halliday Karen J. , Nesi Nathalie , Nemhauser Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTCrop biomass and yield are tightly linked to how the light signaling network translates information about the environment into allocation of resources, including photosynthates. Once activated, the phytochrome (phy) class of photoreceptors signal and re-deploy carbon resources to alter growth, plant architecture, and reproductive timing.Brassica rapahas been used as a crop model to test for conservation of the phytochrome–carbon network.B. rapa phyBmutants have significantly decreased or absent CO2-stimulated growth responses in seedlings, and adult plants have reduced chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic rate, stomatal index, and seed yield. Here, we examine the transcriptomic response of adult wild-type andBrphyBleaves to darkening and recovery in light. Three days of darkness was sufficient to elicit a response in wild type leaves suggesting a shift from carbon fixation and nutrient acquisition to active redistribution of cellular resources. Upon a return to light, wild-type leaves appeared to transcriptionally return to a pre-darkness state restoring a focus on nutrient acquisition. Overall,BrphyBmutant plants have a similar response with key differences in genes involved in photosynthesis and light response which deviate from the wild type transcriptional dynamics. Genes targeted to the chloroplast are especially affected. AdultBrphyBmutant plants had fewer, larger chloroplasts, further linking phytochromes, chloroplast development, photosynthetic deficiencies and optimal resource allocation.