bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Proliferative Role of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors TKI-258 on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro
Authors: Silveira Isadora C. , Carneiro Anna Cecília D.M. , Hiss Lorraine S. , Crema Virgínia O. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Identification of the antitumor role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as TKI-258, may
lead to novel therapeutics for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), which has high mortality rates. TKI-258
blocks Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptors (PDGFRs), and
Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFRs).

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TKI-258 treatment on cell proliferation in SCC-4 cells of
OSCC.

Methods:
BrdU and KI-67 assays were performed by using SCC-4 cells. Control was compared to 1, 5 and
10μM TKI-258 treatment. Control vehicle was compared to: 60μM LY294002 (LY), 2μM Wortmannin (WTN)
and LY+WNT. Moreover, TKI 5μM treatment was compared to: TKI 5μM+LY; TKI 5 μM+WTN; TKI
5μM+LY+WTN. After 6h of treatments, immunofluorescence stained BrdU and KI-67 positive cells. Morphometry
of proliferative cells was analyzed considering significance of p<0.05.

Results:
BrdU and KI-67 assays results were similar for all experiments. TKI-258 treatment leads to an important
reduction in proliferation rate in SCC-4 cells in a concentration dependent manner. As expected, there was a
significant reduction in the percentage of proliferative cells that had PI3K inhibited. When compared with TKI 5
treatment, proliferating cells were significantly lower with simultaneous PI3K inhibition.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that TKI-258 plays an anti-proliferative role on SCC-4 cells of OSCC. It
could be interesting to block multiples pathways such as FGFRs, PDGFRs and VEGFRs. Therefore, TKI-258 is
a promising option for novel therapeutics for OSCC, especially if associated with PI3K inhibition.
PCSK9 Inhibitors: From Nature’s Lessons to Clinical Utility
Authors: Raal Frederick J. , Chilton Robert , Ranjith Naresh , Rambiritch Virendra , Leisegang Rory F. , Ebrahim Iftikhar O. , Tonder Alet van , Shunmoogam Nelusha , Bouharati Célia , Musa Moji G. , Karamchand Sumanth , Naidoo Poobalan , Blom Dirk J. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a novel
class of non-statin lipid lowering therapy that reduce LDL-cholesterol by 50 - 60%. PCSK9 inhibitors
decrease LDL-cholesterol by preventing intracellular degradation of LDL receptors; subsequently, a
greater number of LDL-receptors are available on the cell surface to extract circulating LDL.

Objective:
To describe the origins of PCSK9 inhibitors and their current use in clinical practice.

Methods:
We performed a narrative review of the PCSK9 inhibitor class of drugs.

Results:
Current data indicate that PCSK9 inhibitors effectively reduce LDL-cholesterol and are well
tolerated and safe. PCSK9 inhibitors have also been shown to reduce cardiovascular event rates in
patients with stable atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and in patients with a recent (up to one year)
acute coronary syndrome. Given the costs, chronicity of the treatment and the potential budget impact,
PCSK9 inhibitors are often limited to patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular
events despite optimal treatment with high-intensity statin and ezetimibe.

Conclusion:
PCSK9 inhibitors have a favorable safety, efficacy and tolerability profile. Postmarketing
safety surveillance and real-world studies are needed to further support the long-term safety
profile of this class of medicine.
Effect of Plant Spacing and Np Fertilizer Levels on Growth, Seed Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Shewa Robit, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Amare Getachew , Mohammed Wassu , Tana Tamado 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The shortage of quality seed is the major limiting factor of onion production in the study area. Inappropriate use of NP fertilizers and plant spacing is the major source of the problem.

Objective:
The experiment was conducted to determine optimum plant spacing and NP fertilizer for high yield and quality seed production of onion.

Methods:
The treatments were composed of plant spacing 10×20×40 cm, 20×30×50 cm, 10×40 cm, 10×50 cm, 10x30 cm and NP fertilizer levels 86.25 P2O5 & 85.5 N kg ha-1, 115 P2O5 & 114 N kg ha-1, 143.6 P2O5 & 142.5 N kg ha-1, 69 P2O5 & 142 N kg ha-1 and control in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement of RCBD with three replications.

Results:
The highest seed yield per hectare (879.4 kg) and per plot (663.6 g) was obtained from 115 P2O5 & 114 N kg ha-1 fertilizers and plant spacing 10×30cm gives the highest seed yield per plot (561.7g) and per hectare (748.9 kg). The highest germination percentage was obtained by the interaction effect of 10×30 cm and 143.6 P2O5 & 142.5 N kg ha-1. Whereas, highest seed vigor index I and II were obtained from the interaction of 115 P2O5 &114 N kg ha-1 and 20×30×50 cm spacing.

Conclusion:
Plant spacing of 10×30 cm followed by 20×30×50 cm and 115 P2O5 &114 N kg ha-1 fertilizers could be recommended for high yield and quality onion seed production in the study area.
Elastic Bilayer Vesicles of Flurbiprofen for Transdermal Delivery: Development and In-Vitro Characterization
Authors: Sareen Rashmi , Jain Nitin 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
The purpose of the present study was to develop a novel elastic bilayer vesicle
entrapped with Flurbiprofen (FLB) for transdermal use to avoid adverse effect associated with oral administration
of the drug. Encapsulation of drug in vesicle prolongs the existence of the drug in the systemic
circulation and thus enhances penetration into the target site and reduces toxicity.

Method:
Niosomes were prepared using surfactants (span 40 and span 60) and cholesterol in the molar
ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 3:2. Vesicles prepared by thin film hydration method were characterized for
morphology, vesicle size and zeta potential, thermal analysis and Entrapment Efficiency (EE).

Results:
Results revealed that the EE and size of niosomes were influenced by surfactant type and cholesterol
ratio. F8 (span 60: cholesterol in 3:2) exhibited the highest encapsulation of FLB (76.77 ± 0.55)
with vesicle size of 154 ± 2.96 nm and Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.09. The optimized formulation
F8 was selected for incorporation into the gel. Niosomal gel was evaluated for homogeneity, pH,
spreadability and in-vitro drug release.

Conclusion:
All the parameters of niosomal gel were found to be satisfactory and in-vitro release study
revealed prolonged and complete release of entrapped FLB (93.23±0.65%) in comparison to FLB hydrogel
(42.65±0.29%). The results suggested that niosomes may serve as promising vehicles for the
transdermal delivery of FLB.
Recent Patents on Micro-EDM Milling
Authors: Xie Baocheng , Liu Jianguo , Chen Yongqiu 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) milling is widely used in the
processing of complex cavities and micro-three-dimensional structures, which is a more effective processing
method for micro-precision parts. Thus, more attention has been paid on the micro-EDM milling.

Objective :
To meet the increasing requirement of machining quality and machining efficiency of micro-
EDM milling, the processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling are being improved
continuously.

Methods:
This paper reviews various current representative patents related to the processing devices
and processing methods of micro-EDM milling.

Results:
Through summarizing a large number of patents about processing devices and processing
methods of micro-EDM milling, the main problems of current development, such as the strategy of
electrode wear compensation and the development trends of processing devices and processing methods
of micro-EDM milling are discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization of processing devices and processing methods of micro-EDM milling are
conducive to solving the problems of processing efficiency and quality. More relevant patents will be
invented in the future.
Pengaruh Bermain Slime terhadap Rentang Sendi Phalang Pasien Stroke di Rumah Sakit Adi Husada Surabaya
Authors: Kristiani Rina Budi , Orizani Chindy Maria , Susanti Susanti 
Published: February 2020

Latar Belakang: Pasien yang menderita stroke secara mendadak akan mengalami kelemahan ekstremitas, gangguan ini dapat mengganggu kegiatan hidup sehari-hari, tindakan yang dapat dilakukan perawat adalah melakukan range of motion yang menyenangkan dengan menggunakan bermain slime.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bermain slime terhadap rentang sendi phalang pasien stroke di RS Adi Husada Surabaya.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimental dengan pre dan postt test di RS Adi Husada Surabaya selama April – Juli 2019 berjumlah 40 responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling, kelompok intervensi berjumlah 20 responden dan kelompok kontrol berjumlah 20 responden. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah Bermain Slime dan variabel dependennya adalah rentang sendi phalang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah lembar observasi untuk rentang sendi phalang yang diukur dengan menggunakan geniometer.Hasil: Jenis kelamin laki-laki 67,5%, kelompok umur dewasa dengan rentang usia 21-60 tahun sebanyak 57,5%, serangan stroke sekali sebanyak 82,5% dan tidak ada dukungan keluarga sebesar 52,5%. Hasil uji beda peningkatan rentang sendi sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok intervensi(18,29o) dan kelompok kontrol (3,23o), statistik berbeda signifikan (t-independent test pvalue = 0,020). Hasil Uji perbedaan rentang sendi pada kelompok intervensi sebelum intervensi (33,02o) dan sesudah intervensi (51,31o) statistik berbeda signifikan (t-paired test pvalue = 0,003).Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh antara Bermain Slime terhadap rentang sendi phalang pada pasien stroke karena bermain slime membantu melakukan latihan rentang gerak sendi phalang pada pasien stroke yang mengalami kelemahan rentang sendi phalang
Prevalence and Prevention of Contact Dermatitis Caused by FreeStyle Libre: A Monocentric Experience
Authors: Pyl Jeroen , Dendooven Ella , Van Eekelen Ine , den Brinker Marieke , Dotremont Hilde , France Annick , Foubert Kenn , Pieters Luc , Lambert Julien , De Block Christophe , Aerts Olivier 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE
Cutaneous adverse events (CAE) from FreeStyle Libre include allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by the allergen isobornyl acrylate (IBOA). We aim to report CAE from this glucose sensor, ACD to IBOA in particular, and the outcome of using barrier films as a prevention.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A monocentric, retrospective review of medical files from adult and pediatric patients with diabetes using Freestyle Libre, in the period between December 2016 and April 2019, was performed with a focus on CAE.

RESULTS
Fifty-seven of 1,036 patients with diabetes (5.5%) were referred to our dermatology department because of CAE from FreeStyle Libre. Thirty-nine of 1,036 (3.8%) had ACD due to IBOA. Only two patients, of whom one sensitized to IBOA, had a benefit from using barrier films.

CONCLUSIONS
CAE occurred in 5.5% of FreeStyle Libre users, and 3.8% suffered from ACD due to IBOA. Barrier films had limited value in the prevention.
Physical Properties of Nanohybrid and Microhybrid Resin Composites Subjected to an Acidic Environment: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Ferooz M , Bagheri R , Jafarpour D , Burrow MF 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY

Background:
This study investigated the hardness and color stability of five resin composites subjected to different polishing methods following immersion in distilled water or lactic acid for up to three months.

Methods and Materials:
Three nanohybrid, Paradigm (3M ESPE), Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama), Ice (SDI), and two microhybrid, Filtek P60 and Filtek Z250, composites were examined. Disc-shaped specimens (10×1.5 mm) were prepared and immersed in distilled water for 24 hours then polished using either silicon carbide paper, the Shofu polishing system or were left unpolished (control). The CIE values and microhardness were determined using a spectrophotometer and digital Vickers hardness tester, respectively (n=10) after one, 45, and 90 days of storage in distilled water or lactic acid. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:
Ice exhibited the greatest color change, yet Paradigm and Filtek P60 demonstrated the least. Overall, discoloration of tested materials was multifactorial and the effect of storage media depended on the material, polishing method and time interval. The greatest hardness was obtained for Paradigm and the lowest for Estelite. Hardness was found to be significantly higher in lactic acid after 45 days (p=0.014) and even higher after 90 days (p&lt;0.001) compared with distilled water.

Conclusions:
An acidic environment did not adversely affect color stability or microhardness of the resin composites. There was a significantly mild reverse correlation between hardness and color change in both storage media.
A Comparative Study of Light Transmission by Various Dental Restorative Materials and the Tooth Structure
Authors: Ilie N , Furtos G 
Published: February 2020

Clinical Relevance
Light transmission through dental materials and tooth structure has direct clinical implication on such factors as selecting an appropriate curing technique during a restorative process.

SUMMARY

Introduction:
This study aims to quantify and compare the amount of light that passes through seven different types of direct and indirect restorative materials comprising light-cured resin based composites (regular and bulk-fill), computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restoratives such as resin based composites, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin, leucite glass-ceramic, lithium silicate glass-ceramic, feldspar ceramic, and the natural tooth structure.

Methods and Materials:
Individual sets (n=6) of plane-parallel test specimens (2 mm) of 32 restorative materials belonging to the aforementioned seven material types and the tooth structure were prepared. Within the analyzed materials, one leucite glass-ceramic and one lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were considered in two different translucencies. In addition, two light-cured resin composites, one CAD/CAM resin composite, and one lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were considered in two different shades. Optical properties (transmittance, T; absorbance, A; and opacity, O) of each material were calculated from the relationship between incident and transmitted irradiance [I(d)] using a violet-blue light-curing unit. Incident and transmitted irradiance were assessed in real time on a spectrophotometer. A multivariate analysis (general linear model) assessed the effects of various parameters on the optical properties.

Results:
A very strong influence of the parameter material was identified on I(d) (p&lt;0.001; partial eta squared, ηP2=0.953), T (p&lt;0.001; ηP2=0.951), A (p&lt;0.001; ηP2=0.925), and O (p&lt;0.001; ηP2=0.886), while the effect of the parameter material type was not significant (p=0.079, p=0.05, p=0.05, and p=0.051, respectively). Light attenuation differed significantly by material within each shade category and by shade category within the analyzed material.

Conclusions:
Attenuation of light through restorative materials and tooth structure is high (59.9% to 94.9%); thus, deficits in polymerization are difficult to compensate for by additional light exposure at the end of the restorative process.
Pure Ormocer vs Methacrylate Composites on Posterior Teeth: A Double-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Torres CRG , Augusto MG , Mathias-Santamaria IF , Di Nicoló R , Borges AB 
Published: February 2020

Clinical Relevance
The clinical behavior of pure ormocer composite is reliable when used in class II restorations after 24 months of evaluation.

SUMMARY

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of class II restorations made using pure ormocer and methacrylate composites in a period of 24 months, using a split-mouth double-blinded randomized design.

Methods and Materials:
Thirty patients received two class II restorations (n=60) performed with different composites: GrandioSO (methacrylate, nanohybrid) and Admira Fusion (pure ormocer, nanohybrid). The universal adhesive system (Futurabond M+) was applied in all restorations using the self-etching mode. The composites were placed by the incremental technique. The restorations were evaluated using the FDI World Dental Federation criteria after 7 days and 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results:
After 24 months, 23 patients attended the recall and 46 restorations were evaluated. Fisher's statistical analysis (5%) showed no difference between the materials. One pure ormocer restoration and one methacrylate restoration presented small fractures. Only one tooth suffered a fracture of the remaining tooth structure. Admira Fusion presented, respectively, 100%, 95.66%, and 100% of acceptable performance in general scores for esthetic, functional, and biological properties. GrandioSO presented, respectively, 100%, 91.31%, and 95.66% of acceptable performance in the same scores.

Conclusion:
After 24-month follow-up, nonsignificant differences between the tested composites was detected. Both materials provided acceptable clinical performance in class II restorations.
Two-year Follow-up of Ceramic Veneers and a Full Crown Treated With Self-etching Ceramic Primer: A Case Report
Authors: Souza ROA , da Silva NR , de Miranda LM , de Araújo GM , Moura DMD , Barbosa HAM 
Published: February 2020

Clinical Relevance
The Monobond Etch & Prime seems to be an efficient option for adhesive cementation of ultrathin veneers and full crown ceramic with good properties after two years of clinical follow-up.

SUMMARY
The use of the self-etching ceramic primer combines the stages of acid conditioning and silanization in cementation procedures of ceramic restorations. The protocol is a simpler and safer alternative to the conventional protocol for surface treatment of silica-based ceramics. This case report describes the steps of an esthetic rehabilitation with ultrathin veneers and full crown based on lithium disilicate treated with a ceramic primer (Monobond Etch & Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). After two years of clinical follow-up, the restorations presented satisfactory esthetic and functional performance, color stability, surface and marginal integrity, and absence of cracks and debonding. More research is needed to investigate the clinical performance and longevity of the ceramic restorations treated with self-etching ceramic primers.
Bioactive Materials Subjected to Erosion/Abrasion and Their Influence on Dental Tissues
Authors: Viana ÍEL , Alania Y , Feitosa S , Borges AB , Braga RR , Scaramucci T 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of erosion or erosion-abrasion on bioactive materials and adjacent enamel/dentin areas.

Methods and Materials:
Enamel and dentin blocks (4×4×2 mm) were embedded side by side in acrylic resin, and a standardized cavity (1.2×4×1.5 mm) was prepared between them. Preparations were restored with the following materials: composite resin (Filtek Z350, control); experimental composite containing di-calcium phosphate dihydrate particles (DCPD); Giomer (Beautifil II), high viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC, Fuji IX); and a resin-modified GIC (Fuji II LC). The specimens were submitted to two cycling models (n=10): erosion or erosion-abrasion. The challenges consisted of five-minute immersion in 0.3% citric acid solution, followed by 60-minute exposure to artificial saliva. Toothbrushing was carried out twice daily, 30 minutes after the first and last exposures to acid. Dental and material surface loss (SL, in μm) were determined by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α=0.05).

Results:
Under erosion, for enamel, only the GIC groups presented lower SL values than Z350 (p&lt;0.001 for Fuji IX and p=0.018 for Fuji II LC). For dentin, none of the materials showed significantly lower SL values than Z350 (p&gt;0.05). For material, the GICs had significantly higher SL values than those of Z350 (p&lt;0.001 for Fuji IX and p=0.002 for Fuji II LC). Under erosion-abrasion, the enamel SL value was significantly lower around Fuji II LC compared with the other materials (p&lt;0.05). No significant differences were observed among groups for dentin SL (p=0.063). The GICs and Giomer showed higher SL values than Z350 (p&lt;0.001 for the GICs and p=0.041 for Giomer).

Conclusion:
Both GIC-based materials were susceptible to erosive wear; however, they promoted the lowest erosive loss of adjacent enamel. Against erosion-abrasion, only Fuji II LC was able to reduce enamel loss. For dentin, none of the materials exhibited a significant protective effect.
Wear Properties of Different Additive Restorative Materials Used for Onlay/Overlay Posterior Restorations
Authors: De Angelis F , D'Arcangelo C , Malíšková N , Vanini L , Vadini M 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY
The purpose of this laboratory study was to compare the two-body wear resistance of different restorative materials commonly used for the indirect restoration of posterior teeth. The tested materials, based on ceramic (Imagine Press X, IPS e.max CAD, Milled Celtra Duo, Glaze-Fired Celtra Duo, Vita Mark II) and composite (Enamel Plus HRi, Enamel Plus HRi Bio-Function, Filtek Supreme XTE, Lava Ultimate), were compared with the wear properties of a type III gold alloy (Aurocast 8). Flat samples were prepared with a 6-mm thickness (n=10). Composite samples were tested after a heat polymerization cycle. All samples were exposed to a two-body wear test in a dual axis chewing simulator performing over 120,000 loading cycles. The opposing abrader cusps were fabricated from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal. The vertical substance loss (mm) and the volume loss (mm3) were recorded, as was the wear of the antagonist cusp (mm). Mean values were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Significant differences among materials were detected. The heat-cured resin-based composite material Enamel Plus Bio-Function and the type III gold alloy demonstrated similar mean values for wear depth and volumetric loss.