bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieving magma composition from TIR spectra: implications for terrestrial planets investigations
Authors: Pisello Alessandro , Vetere Francesco P. , Bisolfati Matteo , Maturilli Alessandro , Morgavi Daniele , Pauselli Cristina , Iezzi Gianluca , Lustrino Michele , Perugini Diego 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmissivity and reflectance spectra have been investigated on two series of silicate glasses, having compositions belonging to alkaline and subalkaline series, covering the most common terrestrial igneous rocks. Glasses were synthesized starting from natural end-members outcropping at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) and on Snake River Plain (USA). Results show that the shift of the spectra, by taking Christiansen feature (CF) as a reference point, is correlated with SiO2content, the SCFM factor and/or the degree of polymerization state via the NBO/T and temperature. The more evolved is the composition, the more polymerized the structure, the shorter the wavelength at which CF is observable. CF shift is also dependent on temperature. The shape of the spectra discriminates alkaline character, and it is related to the evolution of Qn structural units. Vulcano alkaline series show larger amount of Q4and Q3species even for mafic samples compared to the subalkaline Snake River Plain series. Our results provide new and robust insights for the geochemical characterization of volcanic rocks by remote sensing, with the outlook to infer origin of magmas both on Earth as well as on terrestrial planets or rocky bodies, from emissivity and reflectance spectra.
DSS-induced colitis produces inflammation-induced bone loss while irisin treatment mitigates the inflammatory state in both gut and bone
Authors: Metzger Corinne E. , Narayanan S. Anand , Elizondo Jon P. , Carter Anne Michal , Zawieja David C. , Hogan Harry A. , Bloomfield Susan A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronic pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to lack of bone accrual, bone loss, and increased fractures. Presently there is no cure, and many IBD treatments incur negative side effects. We previously discovered treatment with exogenous irisin resolved inflammatory changes in the colon, gut lymphatics, and bone in a mild IBD rodent model. Here we assess irisin treatment in severe IBD induced via dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Male Sprague Dawley rats (2-mo-old) were untreated (Con) or given 2% DSS in drinking water. In week two, half of each group (Con + Ir and DSS + Ir) received injections of recombinant irisin (i.p., 2x/wk). After 4 weeks, gut inflammation was associated with declines in bone mineral density and cancellous bone volume. Furthermore, elevated osteocyte TNF-α, interleukin-6, RANKL, OPG, and sclerostin corresponded with higher osteoclast surfaces and lower bone formation rate in DSS animals as well as lower ultimate load. While irisin treatment improved colon inflammation, there were no improvements in bone density or bone mechanical properties; however, irisin elevated bone formation rate, decreased osteoclast surfaces, and reduced osteocyte pro-inflammatory factors. These data highlight the negative impact of chronic gut inflammation on bone as well as the therapeutic potential of irisin as an anti-inflammatory treatment.
Pregabalin: Potential for Addiction and a Possible Glutamatergic Mechanism
Authors: Althobaiti Yusuf S. , Almalki Atiah , Alsaab Hashem , Alsanie Walaa , Gaber Ahmed , Alhadidi Qasim , Hardy Ana Maria Gregio , Nasr Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Omar , Stary Creed M. , Shah Zahoor A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrug addiction remains a prevalent and fatal disease worldwide that carries significant social and economic impacts. Recent reports suggest illicit pregabalin (Lyrica) use may be increasing among youth, however the addictive potential of pregabalin has not been well established. Drug seeking behavior and chronic drug use are associated with deficits in glutamate clearance and activation of postsynaptic glutamatergic receptors. In the current study, we investigated the abuse potential of pregabalin using conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Different doses of pregabalin (30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg) were used to assess the seeking behavior in mice. Glutamate homeostasis is maintained by glutamate transporter type-1 (GLT-1), which plays a vital role in clearing the released glutamate from synapses and drug seeking behavior. Therefore, we investigated the role of glutamate in pregabalin-seeking behavior with ceftriaxone (CEF), a potent GLT-1 upregulator. Mice treated with pregabalin 60 and 90 mg/kg doses demonstrated drug seeking-like behavior, which was significantly blocked by CEF pretreatment. These results suggest that pregabalin-induced CPP was successfully modulated by CEF which could serve as a lead compound for developing treatment for pregabalin abuse.
A Consumer Neuroscience Study of Conscious and Subconscious Destination Preference
Authors: Zoëga Ramsøy Thomas , Michael Noela , Michael Ian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn studying consumer behaviors, the inclusion of neuroscience tools and methods is improving our understanding of preference formation and choice. But such responses are mostly related to the consumption of goods and services that meet an immediate need. Tourism represents a consumer behavior that is related to a more complex decision-making process, involving a stronger relationship with a future self, and choices typically being of a higher level of involvement and of a transformational type. The aim of this study was to test whether direct emotional and cognitive responses to travel destination would be indicative of subsequent stated destination preference. Participants were shown images and videos from multiple travel destinations while being monitored using eye-tracking and electroencephalography (EEG) brain monitoring. The EEG responses to each image and video were further calculated into neurometric scores of emotional (frontal asymmetry and arousal) and cognitive load metrics. Our results show that arousal and cognitive load were significantly related to subsequent stated travel preferences, accounting for about 20% of the variation in preference. Still, results also suggested that subconscious emotional and cognitive responses are not identical to subjective travel preference, suggesting that other mechanisms may be at play in forming conscious, stated preference. This study both supports the idea that destination preferences can be studied using consumer neuroscience and brings further insights into the mechanisms at stake during such choices.
Identification of key protein-coding genes and lncRNAs in spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Xinzhuo , He Yancheng , Luo Bo , He Chengcheng , Liang Yu , Zeng Jingyuan , Li Wei , Xian Yujun , Zheng Xiaoli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are the most abundant cells of the innate immune system in humans, and spontaneous PMN apoptosis plays crucial roles in maintaining neutrophil homeostasis and resolving inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms of spontaneous PMN apoptosis remain to be elucidated. By analysis of the public microarray dataset GSE37416, we identified a total of 3050 mRNAs and 220 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) specifically expressed during PMN apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. By short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis, Gene Ontology analysis, and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analyses, we identified some key molecules specifically related to PMN apoptosis. STEM analysis identified 12 gene profiles with statistically significance, including 2 associated with apoptosis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of the genes from 2 profiles and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis identified a 12-gene hub (including NFκB1 and BIRC3) associated with apoptosis, as well as 2 highly correlated lncRNAs (THAP9-AS1, and AL021707.6). We experimentally examined the expression profiles of two mRNA (NFκB1 and BIRC3) and two lncRNAs (THAP9-AS1 andAL021707.6) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to confirm their time-dependent expressions. These data altogether demonstrated that these genes are involved in the regulation of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis and the corresponding gene products could also serve as potential key regulatory molecules for PMN apoptosis and/or therapeutic targets for over-reactive inflammatory response caused by the abnormality in PMN apoptosis.
Tracking genome-editing and associated molecular perturbations by SWATH mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Qifeng , Low Larry W. L. , Lau Adam , Chua Esther W. L. , Matsuoka Yuji , Lian Yilong , Monteiro Antónia , Tate Stephen , Gunaratne Jayantha , Carney Tom J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdvances in gene editing now allow reverse genetics to be applied to a broad range of biological systems. Ultimately, any modification to coding sequences requires confirmation at the protein level, although immunoblotting is often hampered by antibody quality or availability especially in non-model species. Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Spectra (SWATH), a mass spectrometry (MS) technology with exceptional quantitative reproducibility and accuracy, offers an ideal alternative for protein-based confirmation. Here, using genome edits in mouse, zebrafish and Bicyclus anynana butterflies produced using either homologous recombination or targeted nucleases, we demonstrate absence of the targeted proteins using SWATH, thus confirming successful editing. We show that SWATH is a robust antibody-independent alternative for monitoring gene editing at the protein level and broadly applicable across diverse organisms and targeted genome manipulation techniques. Moreover, SWATH concomitantly defines the global proteome response in the edited organism, which may provide pertinent biological insights.
Fast and stable vapochromic response induced through nanocrystal formation of a luminescent platinum(II) complex on periodic mesoporous organosilica
Authors: Matsukawa Hiroki , Yoshida Masaki , Tsunenari Takahiro , Nozawa Shunsuke , Sato-Tomita Ayana , Maegawa Yoshifumi , Inagaki Shinji , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kato Masako 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA hybrid vapoluminescent system exhibiting fast and repeatable response was constructed using periodic mesoporous organosilica with bipyridine moieties (BPy-PMO) and a Pt(II) complex bearing a potentially luminescent 2-phenylpyridinato (ppy) ligand. An intense red luminescence appeared when the Pt(II)-complex immobilised BPy-PMO was exposed to methanol vapour and disappeared on exposure to pyridine vapour. The ON-OFF vapochromic behaviour occurred repeatedly in a methanol/pyridine/heating cycle. Interestingly, a rapid response was achieved in the second cycle and cycles thereafter. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM/TEM), absorption and emission, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, and powder X-ray diffraction indicated that methanol vapour induced Si-C cleavage and thus liberated [Pt(ppy)(bpy)]Cl (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) from the BPy-PMO framework. Furthermore, the self-assembling properties of the Pt(II) complex resulted in the formation of highly luminescent micro/nanocrystals that were homogeneously dispersed on the porous support. The unique vapoluminescence triggered by the unprecedented protodesilylation on exposure to protic solvent vapour at room temperature is attributable to BPy-PMO being a giant ligand and an effective vapour condenser. Consequently, this hybrid system presents a new strategy for developing sensors using bulk powdery materials.
Mutations in Glucan, Water Dikinase Affect Starch Degradation and Gametophore Development in the Moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Mdodana Ntombizanele T. , Jewell Jonathan F. , Phiri Ethel E. , Smith Marthinus L. , Oberlander Kenneth , Mahmoodi Saire , Kossmann Jens , Lloyd James R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of starch degradation in non-vascular plants is poorly understood. To expand our knowledge of this area, we have studied this process in Physcomitrella patens. This has been achieved through examination of the step known to initiate starch degradation in angiosperms, glucan phosphorylation, catalysed by glucan, water dikinase (GWD) enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that GWD isoforms can be divided into two clades, one of which contains GWD1/GWD2 and the other GWD3 isoforms. These clades split at a very early stage within plant evolution, as distinct sequences that cluster within each were identified in all major plant lineages. Of the five genes we identified within the Physcomitrella genome that encode GWD-like enzymes, two group within the GWD1/GWD2 clade and the others within the GWD3 clade. Proteins encoded by both loci in the GWD1/GWD2 clade, named PpGWDa and PpGWDb, are localised in plastids. Mutations of either PpGWDa or PpGWDb reduce starch phosphate abundance, however, a mutation at the PpGWDa locus had a much greater influence than one at PpGWDb. Only mutations affecting PpGWDa inhibited starch degradation. Mutants lacking this enzyme also failed to develop gametophores, a phenotype that could be chemically complemented using glucose supplementation within the growth medium.
A new class of nonreciprocal spin waves on the edges of 2D antiferromagnetic honeycomb nanoribbons
Authors: Ghader D. , Khater A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntiferromagnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials are currently under intensive theoretical and experimental investigations in view of their potential applications in antiferromagnet-based magnonic and spintronic devices. Recent experimental studies revealed the importance of magnetic anisotropy and of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI) on the ordered ground state and the magnetic excitations in these materials. In this work we present a robust classical field theory approach to study the effects of anisotropy and the DMI on the edge and bulk spin waves in 2D antiferromagnetic nanoribbons. We predict the existence of a new class of nonreciprocal edge spin waves, characterized by opposite polarizations in counter-propagation. These novel edge spin waves are induced by the DMI and are fundamentally different from conventional nonreciprocal spin waves for which the polarization is independent of the propagation direction. We further analyze the effects of the edge structures on the magnetic excitations for these systems. In particular, we show that anisotropic bearded edge nanoribbons act as topologically trivial magnetic insulators with potentially interesting applications in magnonics. Our results constitute an important finding for current efforts seeking to establish unconventional magnonic devices utilizing spin wave polarization.
Visual DNA diagnosis of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus with integrated recombinase polymerase amplification and a gold-nanoparticle probe
Authors: Wang Tzu-Ming , Yang Jing-Tang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA visual DNA diagnosis with a rapid and simple procedure has been developed on integrating recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe. The entire process is implemented in only one tube with no precision instrument and requires in total 20 min to amplify a DNA fragment with RPA and to discriminate a DNA fragment with an AuNP probe. The result in various colors is directly observable with the naked eye. Through discovering a small DNA fragment of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), this system can detect one copy per microlitre of virus in a pure isolate of extracted DNA and can readily identify an infected plant with a healthy appearance. This system hence provides a highly sensitive and stable DNA diagnosis. This visual method has a potential for disease diagnosis and prognostication in the field based on advantages of simplicity, high speed, portability and sensitivity.
Impact of Biocompatible Nanosilica on Green Stabilization of Subgrade Soil
Authors: Buazar Foad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study reports the synthesis and potential application of biocompatible silica nanoparticles for subgrade soil stabilization. Nanosilica preparation as a major component from wheat husk ash is systematically studied and confirmed by FTIR, ICP, XRD, and TEM analyses. The produced biogenic nanosilica showed an amorphous structure with an average size of 20 nm. Upon loading various green nanosilica contents, our results show an improvement in the key parameters including Atterberg’s limits, maximum dry density, optimum water content, and shear strength of treated soil. Under optimal loading condition, the nanosilica-mediated soil analyses reveal a significant increase in the plastic and liquid limits by factors of 1.60 and 1.24 whereas plasticity index is declined by a factor of 0.78 rather than untreated soil specimen. The treated soil demonstrates a superior increase in the angle of internal friction, cohesion, shear strength, and maximum dry unit weight by factors of 2.17, 3.07, 2.21 and 1.5, respectively. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) strength of nanosilica-cured soil presents a substantial increase by a factor of 5.83 higher than the corresponding original subgrade soil. We obtained the maximum increase in strength parameters of modified soil at the optimum biogenic nanosilica content of 1.5%.
A non-calorimetric approach for investigating the moisture-induced ageing of a pyrotechnic delay material using spectroscopies
Authors: Ryu Ji-Hoon , Yang Jun-Ho , Yoh Jack J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe degradation of thermal properties due to ageing such as burning rate and exothermic heat release are unsolved issues faced during a long-term storage of the pyrotechnic substances. Accordingly, we employed various non-calorimetric methods to investigate the thermal performance of pyrotechnic delay, which is exposed to various moisture-rich conditions at extended durations. The chemical and physical changes in the compositions of a pyrotechnic delay comprised of metal fuel (Zr-Ni alloy) and oxidants (KClO4, BaCrO4) are analysed for four different relative humidity levels using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The calculations using the NASA Chemical Equilibrium with Applications (CEA) software indicated that the heat of reaction for the components stored under the moisture-rich conditions is reduced by more than 50%. Unlike the conventional calorimetric analysis, the present non-calorimetric approach provided the compositional changes as well as the cause and effect of the relevant ageing process of pyrotechnic delay.
Prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and their association with sexual practices and substance use among 2238 MSM in Lebanon
Authors: Assi Ayman , Abu Zaki Sara , Ghosn Jade , Kinge Nizar , Naous Jihane , Ghanem Antoine , Abou Abbas Diana , Bakouny Ziad , Azzi Georges , Tomb Roland 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUNAIDS report documents 95% increase in new HIV infections among key populations in Eastern Europe and Middle East and North Africa region. Data on HIV and STIs among MSM in Lebanon is still scarce. Therefore, the aim was to assess prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lebanon and associations with sexual practices and substance-use. 2238 MSM attended a sexual health clinic in Lebanon between 2015–2018. Demographics, substance-use and sexual practices were collected. Attendees tested for HIV and other STIs. HIV infection was diagnosed in 5.6% of the sample. Only 19% received sexual health education from reliable sources (school/university/healthcare workers), 78% reported having multiple partners in the past three months (2–5 partners: 58%, 6+: 20%) and 67% reported inconsistent condom-use. Moreover, 40% of HIV + cases were returning attendees who already received information about condom-use. Additionally, having only a school level education (11%) increases the odds of having inconsistent condom-use with casual partners (adj.OR:1.9, p < 0.001). The results reflect the urgent need for: (1) accurate and comprehensive sexual health and harm reduction education and promotion in Lebanon; (2) making pre-exposure prophylaxis available for free to key populations to contain the epidemics at an early stage.
Surface modification of multilayer FePS3 by Ga ion irradiation
Authors: Xu Heng , Wang ShangWu , Ouyang JianMing , He Xin , Chen Hao , Li YuBo , Liu Yun , Chen Rui , Yang JunBo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to investigate the modification of the surface structure of FePS3 via Ga+ ion irradiation, we study the effect of thickness and Raman spectrum of multilayer FePS3 irradiated for 0 μs, 30 μs, and 40 μs, respectively. The results demonstrate that the intensity ratio of characteristic Raman peaks are obviously related to the thickness of FePS3. After Ga+ ion irradiation, the FePS3 sample gradually became thinner and the Eu peak and Eg(v11) peak in the Raman spectrum disappeared and the peak intensity ratio of A1g(v2) with respect to A1g(v1) weakened. This trend becomes more apparent while increasing irradiation time. The phenomenon is attributed to the damage of bipyramid structure of [P2S6]4− units and the cleavage of the P-P bands and the P-S bands during Ga+ ion irradiation. The results are of great significance for improving the two-dimensional characteristics of FePS3 by Ga+ ion beam, including structural and optical properties, which pave the way of surface engineering to improve the performance of various two-dimensional layered materials via ion beam irradiation.
Effects of sea salt aerosols on precipitation and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapour in tropical cyclone systems
Authors: Jiang Baolin , Wang Dongdong , Shen Xiaodian , Chen Junwen , Lin Wenshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effects of sea salt aerosols (SSA) on cloud microphysical processes, precipitation, and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapour in tropical cyclones were studied with the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model. Two numerical experiments were conducted: a control experiment (CTL) and an experiment with sea salt emission intensity one-tenth of that in the CTL experiment (CLEAN). Results show increased SSA concentrations, increased production rates of auto-conversion of cloud water to form rain, and increased accretion of cloud water by rain in the CTL experiment, leading to an increase in the precipitation amount. The peak value of precipitation is ~17 mm/h in the CTL experiment and ~13 mm/h in the CLEAN experiment, a difference of ~30%. The CTL experiment has more intense vertical movement in the eyewall and thus more water vapour is transported to the upper atmosphere, which promotes cloud ice deposition. This process consumes more water vapour, which makes the CTL experiment drier in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere layer (altitude above 17 km). At 18–20 km altitude, the domain-averaged water vapour mixing ratio of the CTL experiment is ~0.02 ppmv lower than that of the CLEAN experiment. SSA have the effect of strengthening tropical cyclones and increasing precipitation.