bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol of DEXPED trial: efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone, administered at the time of analgesic blocking of the lower limb, on postoperative pain in children: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
Authors: Vautrin Nicolas , Thilly Nathalie , Bernard Yohann , Wurtz François , Meistelman Claude 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionDexamethasone is a drug used to prolong the postoperative analgesia in children after peripheral nerve blockade, although the dose usually used (0.2 mg/kg) has not been studied yet. This study is a monocentric, prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study in a university hospital in France. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of 0.2 mg/kg intravenous dexamethasone on early postoperative pain in children aged 6–15 years, who require a lower limb peripheral nerve block following general anaesthesia.Methods and analysisEighty children, aged 6–15 years, undergoing surgery for which peripheral nerve lower limb blockade with ropivacaine following general anaesthesia are included. The inclusion criteria are: children aged 6–15 years, with American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I or II and scheduled for surgery requiring a peripheral block of the lower limb for analgesic purposes, with a preoperative anaesthetic evaluation between 90 and 2 days before the surgery, with informed consent from legal representatives. General anaesthesia is performed. The patient receives, according to his group, either 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone intravenously at the start of anaesthetic induction or the same volume of placebo. Then, the peripheral block of the lower limb is performed with ropivacaine. The primary outcome is the total doses of opioid administered (in mg/kg of morphine equivalent) within 24 hours postoperatively. The secondary objectives are the evaluation of the effect of a single-dose intravenous dexamethasone at the time of anaesthetic induction, on the following parameters: onset of postoperative pain, duration of motor block, postoperative nausea and vomiting within 24 hours.Ethics and disseminationThis study is conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the French national ethics committee and the National Drug Safety Agency. Findings of this study will be widely disseminated through conference presentations, reports, factsheets and academic publications.Trial registration numberNCT03618173.
Effect of exercise on symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in low and middle-income countries: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pokharel Pratik , Rana Juwel , Moutchia Jude , Uchai Shreeshti , Kerri Aldiona , Luna Gutiérrez Patricia Lorena , Islam Rakibul M 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) has the potential to affect the quality of life adversely. Published guidelines recommend the use of exercise as part of the first-line management interventions for PMS. However, the published evidence related to the effectiveness of physical activity and PMS is inconclusive. This review will assess the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions in reducing PMS in women screened or diagnosed with PMS in low and middle-income countries, where the prevalence of PMS is high.Methods and analysisElectronic databases will be researched, including Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar. All the studies published until March 2020 will be included. A standardised data extraction form will be used adapted from the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Included articles will be assessed using the risk of bias tools based on study design. Data will be analysed using Review Manager V.5.3. The inverse-variance random-effects method will be used to report the standardised mean difference. A meta-analysis will be used only if studies are sufficiently homogenous. A narrative synthesis will be undertaken when studies are heterogeneous. Methodological heterogeneity between studies will be evaluated by considering the study types. Statistical heterogeneity will be tested using the I2test. Subgroup analyses may be performed only for the primary outcome in case of sufficient studies. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to assess the impact of intervention excluding studies without randomisation and studies with a high risk of bias. Funnel plots will be used to assess the potential reporting bias and small-study effects only when there are more than 10 studies included in the meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethical approval, as the review is entirely based on published studies. The results will be published and/or will be presented at a pertinent conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020163377.
Quantity and quality of conflict of interest policies at German medical schools: a cross-sectional study and survey
Authors: Grabitz Peter , Friedmann Zoe , Gepp Sophie , Hess Leonard , Specht Lisa , Struck Maja , Tragert Sophie Kira , Walther Tobias , Klemperer David 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the quantity and evaluate the quality of policies and curricula focusing on conflicts of interests (COI) at medical schools across Germany.DesignCross-sectional study, survey of medical schools, standardised web search.SettingMedical schools, Germany.Participants38 German medical schools.InterventionsWe collected relevant COI policies, including teaching activities, by conducting a search of the websites of all 38 German medical schools using standardised keywords for COI policies and teaching. Further, we surveyed all medical schools’ dean’s offices. Finally, we adapted a scoring system for results we obtained with 13 categories based on prior similar studies.Main outcomes and measuresPresence or absence of COI-related policies, including teaching activities at medical school. The secondary outcome was the achieved score on a scale from 0 to 26, with high scores representing restrictive policies and sufficient teaching activities.ResultsWe identified relevant policies for one medical school via the web search. The response rate of the deans’ survey was 16 of 38 (42.1%). In total, we identified COI-related policies for 2 of 38 (5.3%) German medical schools, yet no policy was sufficient to address all COI-related categories that were assessed in this study. The maximum score achieved was 12 of 26. 36 (94.7%) schools scored 0. No medical school reported curricular teaching on COI.ConclusionsOur results indicate a low level of action by medical schools to protect students from undue commercial influence. No participating dean was aware of any curriculum or instruction on COI at the respective school and only two schools had policies in place. The German Medical Students Association and international counterparts have called for a stronger focus on COI in the classroom. We conclude that for German medical schools, there is still a long way to go.
Trends in academic productivity in the COVID-19 era: analysis of neurosurgical, stroke neurology, and neurointerventional literature
Authors: Lee Jae Eun , Mohanty Alina , Albuquerque Felipe C , Couldwell William T , Levy Elad I , Benzel Edward C , Wakhloo Ajay K , Hirsch Joshua A , Fiorella David , Fargen Kyle M , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Srinivasan Visish M , Johnson Jeremiah , Mokin Maxim , Kan Peter 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAcademic physicians aim to provide clinical and surgical care to their patients while actively contributing to a growing body of scientific literature. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in procedural-based specialties across the United States witnessing a sharp decline in their clinical volume and surgical cases.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgical, stroke neurology, and neurointerventional academic productivity.MethodsThe study compared the neurosurgical, stroke neurology, and neurointerventional academic output during the pandemic lockdown with the same time period in previous years. Editors from a sample of neurosurgical, stroke neurology, and neurointerventional journals provided the total number of original manuscript submissions, broken down by months, from the year 2016 to 2020. Manuscript submission was used as a surrogate metric for academic productivity.Results8 journals were represented. The aggregated data from all eight journals as a whole showed that a combined average increase of 42.3% was observed on original submissions for 2020. As the average yearly percent increase using the 2016–2019 data for each journal exhibited a combined average increase of 11.2%, the rise in the yearly increase for 2020 in comparison was nearly fourfold. For the same journals in the same time period, the average percent of COVID-19 related publications from January to June of 2020 was 6.87%.ConclusionThere was a momentous increase in the number of original submissions for the year 2020, and its effects were uniformly experienced across all of our represented journals.
Health system factors associated with post-trauma mortality at the prehospital care level in Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Koome Gilbert , Atela Martin , Thuita Faith , Egondi Thaddaeus 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAfrica accounts forabout 90% of the global trauma burden. Mapping evidence on health systemfactors associated with post-trauma mortality is essential in definingpre-hospital care research priorities and mitigation of the burden. The studyaimed to map and synthesize existing evidence and research gaps on healthsystem factors associated with post-trauma mortality at the pre-hospital carelevel in Africa.MethodsA scoping review of published studies and grey literature was conducted. The search strategy utilized electronic databases comprising of Medline, Google Scholar, Pub-Med, Hinari and Cochrane Library. Screening and extraction of eligible studies was done independently and in duplicate.ResultsA total of 782 study titles and or abstracts were screened. Of these, 32 underwent full text review. Out of the 32, 17 met the inclusion criteria for final review. The majority of studies were literature reviews (24%) and retrospective studies (23%). Retrospective and qualitative studies comprised 6% of the included studies, systematic reviews (6%), cross-sectional studies (17%), Delphi studies (6%), panel reviews (6%) and qualitative studies (12%), systematic reviews (6%), cross-sectional studies (17%), Delphi studies (6%), panel reviews (6%) and qualitative studies (12%). Reported post-trauma mortality ranged from 13% in Ghana to 40% in Nigeria. Reported preventable mortality is as high as 70% in South Africa, 60% in Ghana and 40% in Nigeria. Transport mode is the most studied health system factor (reported in 76% of the papers). Only two studies (12%) included access to pre-hospital care interventions aspects, nine studies (53%) included care providers aspects and three studies (18%) included aspects of referral pathways. The types of transport mode and referral pathway are the only factors significantly associated with post-trauma mortality, though the findings were mixed. None of the included studies reported significant associations between pre-hospital care interventions, care providers and post-trauma mortality.DiscussionAlthough research on health system factors and its influence on post-trauma mortality at the pre-hospital care level in Africa are limited, anecdotal evidence suggests that access to pre-hospital care interventions, the level of provider skills and referral pathways are important determinants of mortality outcomes. The strength of their influence will require well designed studies that could incorporate mixed method approaches. Moreover, similar reviews incorporating other LMICs are also warranted. Key Words: Health System Factors, Emergency Medical Services [EMS], Pre-hospital Care, Post-Trauma mortality, Africa.
Uroabdomen following rupture of a primary ureteral soft tissue sarcoma in a Labrador retriever
Authors: Hertel Beatrice , L'Eplattenier Henry 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYA seven‐year‐old, female neutered Labrador retriever presented for acute onset of lethargy and abdominal pain. Imaging showed the presence of an irregular mass in the left retroperitoneal space, extending from the caudal pole of the left kidney to the urinary bladder, and a moderate amount of peritoneal effusion. The excretory urography confirmed that the mass was originating from the ureter and the effusion was consistent with urine leakage. A left ureteronephrectomy was performed and histology revealed a primary soft tissue sarcoma of intermediate grade. This is the second description of ureteral soft tissue sarcoma and report of uroabdomen due to ureteral mass in veterinary literature.
Gravitational theory of cosmology, galaxies and galaxy clusters
Authors: Moffat J. W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA modified gravitational theory explains early universe and late time cosmology, galaxy and galaxy cluster dynamics. The modified gravity (MOG) theory extends general relativity (GR) by three extra degrees of freedom: a scalar field G, enhancing the strength of the Newtonian gravitational constant $$G_N$$

G
N

, a gravitational, spin 1 vector graviton field $$\phi _\mu $$

ϕ
μ

, and the effective mass $$\mu $$
μ
of the ultralight spin 1 graviton. For $$t < t_\mathrm{rec}$$

t
<

t
rec

, where $$t_\mathrm{rec}$$

t
rec

denotes the time of recombination and re-ionization, the density of the vector graviton $$\rho _\phi > \rho _b$$

ρ
ϕ

>

ρ
b

, where $$\rho _b$$

ρ
b

is the density of baryons, while for $$t > t_\mathrm{rec}$$

t
>

t
rec

we have $$\rho _b > \rho _\phi $$

ρ
b

>

ρ
ϕ

. The matter density is parameterized by $$\Omega _M=\Omega _b+\Omega _\phi +\Omega _r$$

Ω
M

=

Ω
b

+

Ω
ϕ

+

Ω
r

where $$\Omega _r=\Omega _\gamma +\Omega _\nu $$

Ω
r

=

Ω
γ

+

Ω
ν

. For the cosmological parameter values obtained by the Planck Collaboration, the CMB acoustical oscillation power spectrum, polarization and lensing data can be fitted as in the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model. When the baryon density $$\rho _b$$

ρ
b

dominates the late time universe, MOG explains galaxy rotation curves, the dynamics of galaxy clusters, galaxy lensing and the galaxy clusters matter power spectrum without dominant dark matter.
Systematic analysis of midrapidity transverse momentum spectra of identified charged particles in p + p collisions at (snn)1/2 = 2.76, 5.02, and 7 TeV at the LHC
Authors: Olimov Khusniddin K. , Iqbal Akhtar , Masood Samina 
Published: September 2020

The experimental transverse momentum spectra of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons, produced at midrapidity in inelastic [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV, measured by ALICE collaboration, are analyzed systematically using the thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution function as well as Hagedorn function with the embedded transverse flow. To compare directly the results obtained from combined (simultaneous) fits with the above theoretical model functions of midrapidity spectra of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV, we use the optimal identical fitting [Formula: see text] ranges [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV. The parameter [Formula: see text] increases consistently for all the particle species with increasing [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] collisions from 2.76 to 5.02 TeV, remaining practically constant within fit errors in the collision energy range [Formula: see text] TeV, suggesting probably a saturation and limiting behavior of the [Formula: see text] value in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV. Approximate equality of the extracted nonextensivity parameter [Formula: see text] for the pions and kaons ([Formula: see text]) and relation [Formula: see text] are obtained in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV. Very negligible transverse (radial) flow velocity (consistent with zero value within the fit errors) is obtained in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text], 5.02, and 7 TeV from fitting the [Formula: see text] distributions of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons with the Hagedorn formula with the embedded transverse flow in the selected optimal identical [Formula: see text] ranges as well as in the full measured [Formula: see text] ranges.
BH solutions with toroidal horizon in dilaton gravity inspired by power-law electrodynamics: PV criticality and quasinormal modes
Authors: Younesizadeh Younes , Ahmed Ali Hassan , Ahmad Amir A. , Younesizadeh Feyzollah , Ebrahimkhas Morad 
Published: September 2020

In this work, a new class of black hole solutions in dilaton gravity has been obtained where the dilaton field is coupled with nonlinear Maxwell invariant as a source. The background space–time in this works is considered as the [Formula: see text]-dimensional toroidal metric. In the presence of the dilaton field (for some unique values of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] a ), the electric field increases as we got farther away from the origin. In the absence of the dilaton field [Formula: see text], the electric field always decreases as one goes farther away from the origin. In the thermodynamical analysis, we obtain the Smarr formula for our solution. We find that the presence of the dilaton field makes the solutions to be locally stable near the origin. Also, this field vanishes the global stability near the origin compared to the no dilaton field case [Formula: see text]. We can say that the dilaton field has a crucial impact on the thermodynamical stability and it is a key factor in stability analysis. We study the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of black hole solutions in dilaton gravity. For this purpose, we use the WKB approximation method upto first order corrections. We have shown the perturbations decay in corresponding diagrams when the dilaton parameter [Formula: see text] and coupling constant [Formula: see text] change. Motivated by the thermodynamical analogy of black holes and Van der Waals liquid/gas systems, in this work, we investigate PV criticality of the obtained solution. We extend the phase space by considering the cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure. We obtain the equation of state (EOS) and plot the relevant PV [Formula: see text] diagrams. We also present a class of interior solutions corresponding to the exterior solution in dilaton gravity. The solution which is obtained for a linear equation of state is regular and well-behaved at the stellar interior. a Dilaton field representation.
Better Process Mapping and Sparse Quadratic Assignment
Authors: Kirchbach Konrad Von , Schulz Christian , Träff Jesper Larsson 
Published: September 2020

Communication and topology-aware process mapping is a powerful approach to reduce communication time in parallel applications with known communication patterns on large, distributed memory systems. We address the problem as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP) and present algorithms to construct initial mappings of processes to processors and fast local search algorithms to further improve the mappings. By exploiting assumptions that typically hold for applications and modern supercomputer systems such as sparse communication patterns and hierarchically organized communication systems, we obtain significantly more powerful algorithms for these special QAPs. Our multilevel construction algorithms employ perfectly balanced graph partitioning techniques and exploit the given communication system hierarchy in significant ways. We present improvements to a local search algorithm of Brandfass et al. (2013) and further decrease the running time by reducing the time needed to perform swaps in the assignment as well as by carefully constraining local search neighborhoods. We also investigate different algorithms to create the communication graph that is mapped onto the processor network. Experiments indicate that our algorithms not only dramatically speed up local search but also, due to the multilevel approach, find much better solutions in practice.
Fluid Inclusions Record Hydrocarbon Charge History in the Shunbei Area, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Lu Ziye , Li Yingtao , Ye Ning , Zhang Shaonan , Lu Chaojin , Li Wei , Cheng Zhe , Ding Xiaoqi , Zhu Bei , Huang Baiwen , Chen Shengnan Nancy 
Published: September 2020

The exploration of deeply buried hydrocarbon is still a challenge for the petroleum geology. The Shunbei area is a newly discovered oil fields, located in the center of the Tarim Basin. The oil is mainly yielded from the Middle–Lower Ordovician carbonate reservoirs with

depth
>
7000

m in the Shunbei No. 1 and No. 5 fault zones. Calcite cements filled in vugs (v-calcite) and fractures (f-calcite) are identified in limestones and dolostones of the carbonate reservoirs. F-calcites in the Shunbei No. 1 fault zone trap secondary inclusions in trails, which comprise liquid-dominated biphase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase oil inclusions, and/or oil-bearing triphase inclusions. F-calcite and v-calcite in the No. 5 fault zone trap secondary inclusions in trails, which consist of liquid-only monophase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase aqueous inclusions, liquid-dominated biphase oil inclusions, liquid-only monophase oil inclusions, and/or oil-bearing triphase inclusions. The ranges of the homogenization temperature (

T

h

) and ice-melting temperature (

T

m
−
ice

) in the Shunbei No. 1 fault zone are, respectively, 130–150°C and -2.1–-1.5°C. The coexistence of liquid-only and liquid-dominated aqueous inclusions in the Shunbei No. 5 fault zone indicates that the aqueous inclusions are trapped at low temperatures. The aqueous inclusions in the Shunbei No. 5 fault zone show a range from -0.4 to -0.2°C in

T

m
−
ice

which is very close to the meteoric fluid. In the context of the burial-thermal history and the Cambrian source rock evolution, the charging process of hydrocarbon in the Shunbei No. 1 and No. 5 fault zones corresponds to the Silurian and Middle Ordovician, respectively. Results of fluid inclusions indicate a tightly coupling relationship between the hydrocarbon charging process and fault system evolution in the Shunbei area. This study reveals the application of fluid inclusion under the systemically petrographic constraints to decipher the charging history of hydrocarbon, especially for the deeply buried reservoirs.