bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemicals of emerging concern in marine specimens of the German Environmental Specimen Bank
Authors: Fliedner Annette , Rüdel Heinz , Dreyer Annekatrin , Pirntke Ulrike , Koschorreck Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Descriptor 8 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) (Directive 2008/56/EC) addresses the good environmental status with regard to pollution of marine waters by chemical contaminants. Commission decision (EU) 2017/848 lays down the criteria and methodological standards on good environmental status of marine waters. Member States, in regional or subregional cooperation, shall establish lists of relevant contaminants beside those already covered by the Water Framework Directive (WFD). To provide information on emerging contaminants in marine biota, the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) has compiled data of blue mussels and eelpouts from coastal sites in the North and Baltic Seas. Substances identified by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) as of emerging concern for the marine environment have been used as a starting point.

Results and conclusions
The study presents data of 19 emerging flame retardants and degradation products, 40 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and three cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS). Among the emerging flame retardants, only Dec 602 was detected in all samples of 2015. Dec 604, Cl10-antiDP, 1,5-DPMA, EH-TBB, PBEB, TBP-AE, BATE, BTBPE and HBBz were constantly < limit of quantification (LOQ). Time trends were barely detected. Legacy PBDE still dominates in most samples. PFAS concentrations were usually higher in samples from the North Sea sites compared to samples from the Baltic Sea. PFOS dominated in most samples. Increasing trends over time were detected for PFNA, PFDA and PFDoDA at the Baltic Sea site and for PFDA at one North Sea site. Concentrations of the cVMS D4, D5 and D6 were below the detection limit at the ESB sampling sites. Based on the results, it should be considered to include the emerging flame retardants DP and Dec 602 and the long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA and PFDoDA in a regular monitoring in the North and Baltic Seas.
Millefy: visualizing cell-to-cell heterogeneity in read coverage of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets
Authors: Ozaki Haruka , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Umeda Mana , Nikaido Itoshi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Read coverage of RNA sequencing data reflects gene expression and RNA processing events. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods, particularly “full-length” ones, provide read coverage of many individual cells and have the potential to reveal cellular heterogeneity in RNA transcription and processing. However, visualization tools suited to highlighting cell-to-cell heterogeneity in read coverage are still lacking.

Results
Here, we have developed Millefy, a tool for visualizing read coverage of scRNA-seq data in genomic contexts. Millefy is designed to show read coverage of all individual cells at once in genomic contexts and to highlight cell-to-cell heterogeneity in read coverage. By visualizing read coverage of all cells as a heat map and dynamically reordering cells based on diffusion maps, Millefy facilitates discovery of “local” region-specific, cell-to-cell heterogeneity in read coverage. We applied Millefy to scRNA-seq data sets of mouse embryonic stem cells and triple-negative breast cancers and showed variability of transcribed regions including antisense RNAs, 3 ′ UTR lengths, and enhancer RNA transcription.

Conclusions
Millefy simplifies the examination of cellular heterogeneity in RNA transcription and processing events using scRNA-seq data. Millefy is available as an R package (https://github.com/yuifu/millefy) and as a Docker image for use with Jupyter Notebook (https://hub.docker.com/r/yuifu/datascience-notebook-millefy).
New genome assemblies reveal patterns of domestication and adaptation across Brettanomyces (Dekkera) species
Authors: Roach Michael J. , Borneman Anthony R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundYeasts of the genusBrettanomycesare of significant interest, both for their capacity to spoil, as well as their potential to positively contribute to different industrial fermentations. However, considerable variance exists in the depth of research and knowledgebase of the five currently known species ofBrettanomyces. For instance,Brettanomyces bruxellensishas been heavily studied and many resources are available for this species, whereasBrettanomyces nanusis rarely studied and lacks a publicly available genome assembly altogether. The purpose of this study is to fill this knowledge gap and explore the genomic adaptations that have shaped the evolution of this genus.ResultsStrains for each of the five widely accepted species ofBrettanomyces(Brettanomyces anomalus,B. bruxellensis,Brettanomyces custersianus,Brettanomyces naardenensis, andB. nanus) were sequenced using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing technologies. Highly contiguous assemblies were produced for each species. Structural differences between the species’ genomes were observed with gene expansions in fermentation-relevant genes (particularly inB. bruxellensisandB. nanus) identified. Numerous horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events in allBrettanomycesspecies’, including an HGT event that is probably responsible for allowingB. bruxellensisandB. anomalusto utilize sucrose were also observed.ConclusionsGenomic adaptations and some evidence of domestication that have taken place inBrettanomycesare outlined. These new genome assemblies form a valuable resource for future research inBrettanomyces.
The optimal dose of succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Putzu Alessandro , Tramèr Martin R. , Giffa Maxim , Czarnetzki Christoph 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The evidence base for the widely accepted standard regimen of succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction (1.0 mg kg− 1) remains unclear.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing any succinylcholine regimen with the standard regimen (1.0 mg kg− 1) and reporting on intubating conditions and/or apnoea times. Results were expressed as absolute risk differences (ARD) for dichotomous data and mean differences (MD) for continuous data.

Results
We retrieved six trials with relevant data of 864 patients (ASA 1 or 2, aged 18–65 years, body mass index < 30 kg m− 2). Four regimens (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mg kg− 1) were compared with 1.0 mg kg− 1 in at least three trials each, and three (0.8, 1.5, 2 mg kg− 1) in one each. With 0.3 to 0.5 mg kg− 1, the likelihood of excellent intubating conditions was significantly decreased (ARD − 22% to − 67%). With 0.3 and 0.4 mg kg− 1, but not with 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.5 and 2.0 mg kg− 1, the likelihood of unacceptable intubating conditions was significantly increased (ARD + 22% and + 32%, respectively). With 2.0 mg kg− 1, but not with 0.8 or 1.5 mg kg− 1, the likelihood of excellent intubating conditions was significantly increased (ARD + 23%). Apnoea times were significantly shorter with regimens ≤0.8 mg kg− 1 (MD − 1.0 to − 3.4 min) but were not reported with 1.5 or 2.0 mg kg− 1.

Conclusions
With succinylcholine regimens ≤0.5 mg kg− 1, excellent intubating conditions are less likely and apnoea times are shorter, compared with 1 mg kg− 1. With 0.3 and 0.4 mg kg− 1, unacceptable intubating conditions are more common. Succinylcholine 1.5 mg kg− 1 does not produce more often excellent conditions compared with 1 mg kg− 1, while 2.0 mg kg− 1 does, but the database with these regimens is weak and apnoea times remain unknown. Limited information size and strong statistical heterogeneity decrease the certainty of the evidence.
Intractable mechanical hemolytic anemia complicating mitral valve surgery: a case series study
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Hanlin , Fan Hongyang , Chen Kang , Zhang Yuelun , Song Kaicheng , Ao Hushan , Yu Chunhua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Intractable, mechanical hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a rare catastrophic complication following mitral valve surgery. We analyzed patient characteristics and IMHA management by reoperations after mitral valve surgery.

Methods
We collected medical records from mitral valve patients requiring reoperation due to IMHA. Inclusion criteria: hemoglobin < 100 g/L; positive hemolysis tests and echocardiography results; and exclusion of other hemolysis causes.

Results
Data from 25 IMHA cases included 10 (40%) early onset (1.3 (0.3,3.0) months) and 15 (60%) late onset (120 (24,204) months) cases. Early IMHA etiologies included surgical defects (6, 60%), uncontrolled infection (3, 30%) and Bechet’s disease (1, 10%). Late IMHA etiologies included degeneration (13, 87%), new infection (1, 7%) and trauma (1, 7%). There were more mechanical valves (15, 88%) than bio-valves (2, 12%); the main valvular dysfunction was paravalvular leak (16, 64%). IMHA manifestations included jaundice (18, 72%), dark urine (21, 84%), heart failure (16, 64%), acute kidney injury (11, 44%), hepatomegaly (15, 60%), splenomegaly (15, 60%) and pancreatitis (1, 4%). Laboratory results showed decreased hemoglobin (70 ± 14 g/L) and increased bilirubin (72 ± 57 μmol/L), lactate dehydrogenase (2607 ± 2142 IU/L) and creatinine (136 ± 101 μmol/L) levels. Creatinine level negatively correlated with hemoglobin level (B = -3.33, S.E. B = 1.31, Exp(B) = 368.15, P = 0.018). Preoperative medications included iron supplements (20, 80%), erythropoietin (16, 64%) and beta-blocker (22, 88%). Two patients died of cardiac causes before reoperation. The other 23 underwent reoperation with long surgical times (aortic cross clamp 124 ± 50 min, cardiopulmonary bypass 182 ± 69 min) and blood transfusions (red blood cells 6 (6, 8) units, plasma 600 (400,800) ml, platelet 1(0,2) units). Postoperative complications included cardiac dysfunction (5, 22%), arrhythmia (10, 43%), sepsis (6, 26%), pulmonary infection (5, 22%), gastrointestinal bleeding (3, 13%), cerebral hemorrhage (2, 9%), chronic renal dysfunction (1, 4%) and surgical hemorrhage (1, 4%). Five (33%) patients died after reoperation from cardiac dysfunction (3, 60%), septic shock (1, 20%) and self-discharge (1, 20%).

Conclusions
IMHA induces severe multi-organ dysfunction, contributing to high mortality. Perioperative management should focus on etiological treatment, organ protection, and blood management.
Norm values and psychometric properties for the German health regulatory focus scale – results of a representative survey
Authors: Schmalbach Bjarne , Zenger Markus , Brähler Elmar , Petrowski Katja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The health regulatory focus is an application of Higgins’ regulatory focus theory to a health-specific context. It explains individual differences in health motivation, strategies, and behavior. Previous research found the Health Regulatory Focus Scale (HRFS) to be a reliable and valid measure for the construct. However, an evaluation of the HRFS in a representative sample has not been performed as of yet. Neither are there any normative values available.

Methods
We collected a representative sample from the German general population to perform a confirmatory factor analysis, an analysis of measurement invariance, and to calculate norm values.

Results
A two-factor model evinced good model fit with a good reliability for the two subscales. We found evidence for strict invariance across gender groups and partial strict invariance across age groups. In addition, we are presenting normative values for the general population.

Conclusions
The findings of the present study are in line with previous research in confirming the HRFS as a valid and reliable tool suitable for the assessment of the health regulatory focus. The reported normative values allow for comparisons of individuals with their respective sociodemographic group.
Comprehensive proteomics investigation of P. vivax-infected human plasma and parasite isolates
Authors: Venkatesh Apoorva , Aggarwal Shalini , Kumar Swati , Rajyaguru Srushti , Kumar Vipin , Bankar Sheetal , Shastri Jayanthi , Patankar Swati , Srivastava Sanjeeva 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn recent times,Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax)has become a serious threat to public health due to its ability to cause severe infection with fatal outcomes. Its unique biology makes it resilient to control measures that are otherwise effective againstP. falciparum. A deeper understanding ofP. vivaxbiology and pathogenesis is, therefore, essential for developing the right control strategies. Proteomics ofP. falciparumhas been helpful in studying disease biology and elucidating molecular mechanisms involved in the development of disease. However, unlikeP. falciparum, proteomics data forP. vivaxinfection is minimal due to the absence of a continuous culture system. The dependence on clinical samples and animal models has drastically limitedP. vivaxresearch, creating critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of the disease. This study describes an in-depth proteomics analysis ofP. vivax-infected human plasma and parasite isolates, to understand parasite biology, pathogenesis, and to identify new diagnostic targets forP. vivaxmalaria.MethodsA mass-spectrometry- (MS) based proteomics approach (Q Exactive) was applied to analyze human plasma and parasite isolates from vivax malaria patients visiting a primary health centre in India. Additionally, a targeted proteomics assay was standardized for validating unique peptides of most recurring parasite proteins.ResultsThirty-eightP. vivaxproteins were detected in human plasma with high confidence. Several glycolytic enzymes were found along with hypothetical, cytoskeletal, ribosomal, and nuclear proteins. Additionally, 103 highly abundantP. vivaxproteins were detected in parasite isolates. This represents the highest number of parasite proteins to be reported from clinical samples so far. Interestingly, five of these; threePlasmodiumexported proteins (PVX_003545, PVX_003555 and PVX_121935), a hypothetical protein (PVX_083555) and Pvstp1 (subtelomeric transmembrane protein 1, PVX_094303) were found in both plasma and parasite isolates.ConclusionsA parasite proteomics investigation is essential to understand disease pathobiology and design novel interventions. Control strategies againstP. vivaxalso depend on early diagnosis. This work provides deeper insights into the biology ofP. vivaxby identifying proteins expressed by the parasite during its complex life-cycle within the human host. The study also reports antigens that may be explored as diagnostic candidates.
Identification of a rare SEPT9 variant in a family with autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Authors: Grosse Gerrit M. , Bauer Christine , Kopp Bruno , Schrader Christoph , Osmanovic Alma 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCharcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most commonly inherited neurological disorders. A growing number of genes, involved in glial and neuronal functions, have been associated with different subtypes of CMT leading to improved diagnostics and understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms. However, some patients and families remain genetically unsolved.MethodsWe report on a German family including four affected members over three generations with a CMT phenotype accompanied by cognitive deficits, predominantly with regard to visual abilities and episodic memory.ResultsA comprehensive clinical characterization followed by a sequential diagnostic approach disclosed a heterozygous rare SEPT9 missense variant c.1406 T > C, p.(Val469Ala), that segregates with disease. SEPT9 has been linked to various intracellular functions, such as cytokinesis and membrane trafficking. Interestingly, SEPT9-mutations are known to cause hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA), a recurrent focal peripheral neuropathy.ConclusionWe, for the first time, present a SEPT9 variant associated to a CMT phenotype and suggest SEPT9 as new sufficient candidate gene in CMT.
Effect of a tailored leaflet to promote diabetic retinopathy screening among young adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lake Amelia J. , Hateley-Browne Jessica L. , Rees Gwyneth , Speight Jane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundYoung adults with type 2 diabetes (aged 18–39 years) are at risk of early onset and rapid progression of diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness and vision loss in working age adults. Early detection via retinal screening can prevent most vision loss, yet screening rates are consistently lower among this priority population than the general diabetes population. We aimed to test the effect of a tailored, evidence-based brief health behaviour change intervention (leaflet) on self-reported screening uptake, and previously identified social cognitive determinants of retinal screening.MethodsA pragmatic, two-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted from September 2014 to April 2015. Participants were stratified by prior screening uptake (Yes/No) and randomly allocated to intervention (leaflet) or ‘usual care’ control (no leaflet). Primary outcome was self-reported screening uptake four weeks post-intervention for ‘No’ participants who had not previously screened for diabetic retinopathy. Secondary outcome variables were changes in knowledge, attitudes, normative beliefs, intention and behavioural skills for all participants, irrespective of prior screening behaviour. To assess intervention effects on secondary outcome variables, we conducted independent samples t-tests (two-tailed) on pre-post change scores.Results129 young adults (26% no prior retinal screen) completed baseline; 101 completed post-intervention. Power to determine effect on the primary outcome was curtailed by low recruitment of individuals with no prior retinal screen and loss to follow-up. Attrition was associated significantly with country of birth, language spoken at home, and marital status. Significant intervention effect was observed for one secondary outcome variable: knowledge of diabetic retinopathy (p = .03) with moderate effect (partial eta squaredη2 = .05); no adverse effects were reported. Control group participants received the leaflet at study completion.ConclusionsThis study confirms that a well-designed eye health and retinal screening promotion leaflet can increase knowledge of diabetic retinopathy, an important screening predictor. The study highlights the challenges of conducting ‘real-world’ health behaviour change research with this priority population, providing insights for clinicians and researchers. Strategies to recruit, engage and retain hard-to-reach populations are discussed including nonconventional alternatives to randomised controlled trial designs. Trial registration: ACTRN12614001110673, UTN No.: U1111–1161-9803. Registered 20 October 2014 - retrospectively registeredhttps://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=367127.
Perspectives of adolescents with severe obesity on social Media in Preparation for weight-loss surgery: a qualitative study
Authors: Parks Elizabeth Prout , Finnerty Darra D. , Panganiban Jennifer , Frasso Rosemary , Bishop-Gilyard Chanelle , Tewksbury Colleen M. , Williams Noel N. , Dumon Kristoffel R. , Cordero Gaby , Hill Douglas L. , Sarwer David B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Currently the most effective treatment for severe obesity in adolescents is weight-loss surgery coupled with lifestyle behavior change. In preparation for weight-loss surgery, adolescents are required to make changes to eating and activity habits (lifestyle changes) to promote long term success. Social media support groups, which are popular among adolescents, have the potential to augment preoperative lifestyle changes. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively assess the perceived role of social media as a support tool for weight-loss, and to identify motivators and constraints to lifestyle changes and social media use in adolescents preparing for weight-loss surgery.

Methods
Thematic analysis of social media comments from 13 (3 male, 10 female) adolescents aged 16 ± 1.3 years with a body mass index (BMI) 45 ± 7.3 kg/m2 enrolled in a weight-management program preparing for bariatric surgery and who participated in a 12-week pilot social media intervention was performed. Participants commented on moderator posts and videos of nutrition, physical activity, and motivation that were shared three to four times per week. Social media comments were coded using NVivo 11.0 to identify recurrent themes and subthemes.

Results
1) Social media provided accountability, emotional support, and shared behavioral strategies. 2) Motivators for lifestyle changes included family support, personal goals, and non-scale victories. 3) Challenges included negative peers, challenges with planning and tracking, and time constraints.

Conclusion
Adolescents considering bariatric surgery identified social media as a tool for social support and reinforcement of strategies for successful behavior change. Important motivators and challenges to lifestyle changes were identified.
Burden of prehypertension among adults in Kenya: a retrospective analysis of findings from the Healthy Heart Africa (HHA) Programme
Authors: Mecha Jared O. , Kubo Elizabeth N. , Odhiambo Collins O. , Kinoti Freda G. , Njau Kennedy , Yonga Gerald , Ogola Elijah N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for mortality globally. African countries, including Kenya, have a high and rising prevalence of hypertension. Prehypertension is associated with an increased risk of progression to overt hypertension and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Despite this, little is documented on the prevalence and distribution of prehypertension in sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to estimate the overall burden of prehypertension in Kenyan adults enrolled in a large hypertension control programme, Healthy Heart Africa. The distribution and determinants of prehypertension in the sample were explored as secondary objectives.

Methods
This was a post hoc analysis of cross-sectional data obtained from population-level blood pressure (BP) screening of adults aged ≥18 years in the community and ambulatory care facilities in 17/47 sub-national administrative units in Kenya. All participants with a complete record for systolic and diastolic BP were included. Descriptive analyses were performed for sociodemographic characteristics. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to assess differences in categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with prehypertension.

Results
Of 5,985,185 participant records that were included in the analysis, 34% were men (mean age: 45 [SD 2.9] years). The majority (63%) lived in rural Kenya. The prevalence of prehypertension was 54.5% and that of hypertension was 20.8%. Characteristics that were independently associated with prehypertension (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]) included male sex (1.23 [±0.0023], p <  0.001 for all age groups > 25 years) and rural residence (1.60 [±0.023], p <  0.001).

Conclusions
Approximately one in every two Kenyan adults has prehypertension. This calls for urgent development and roll-out of a national BP screening and control programme. It also provides a strong basis for the formulation of multisectoral national policies that will ensure implementation of evidence-based, low-cost public health interventions geared towards primary prevention of hypertension, especially in population groups that are traditionally considered at low risk, such as young adults and rural residents.