bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Single-Center Experience of Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Femoropopliteal Disease—No Evidence for an Association With Mortality
Authors: Linehan Victoria , Doyle Maria , Barrett Brendan , Gullipalli Ravindra 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Paclitaxel-coated devices have been increasingly used in endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal disease as they limit recurrence of lesions and improve patient outcomes. However, a recent meta-analysis reported that these devices increase mortality risk at 2 years post-intervention but did not account for confounding variables. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate mortality after paclitaxel treatment of femoropopliteal disease using patient-level data. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who received endovascular treatment for femoropopliteal lesions at our center between December 2009 and July 2017. There were 388 patients in the paclitaxel group and 314 control patients. Results: Survival analysis with hazard ratios showed no difference between mortality in the paclitaxel and control groups. Age, renal insufficiency, and chronic limb-threatening ischemia were significant predictors of mortality. We also used logistic regression to evaluate mortality at 1, 2, and 5 years post-intervention and found no difference between the paclitaxel and control groups at any time point, while age, renal insufficiency, and chronic limb-threatening ischemia at the time of intervention were all associated with the risk of death. Finally, we tallied the causes of death in our cohort and found no difference in the distribution of causes between groups. Conclusion: Our single-center, retrospective study provides no evidence of increased risk of death with paclitaxel treatment in femoropopliteal disease. Contrastingly, age, renal insufficiency, and chronic limb-threatening ischemia were the most important factors contributing to mortality and therefore should be included as potential confounders in future studies assessing mortality in femoropopliteal disease.
Coffee consumption and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and total mortality: Does the brewing method matter?
Authors: Tverdal Aage , Selmer Randi , Cohen Jacqueline M , Thelle Dag S 
Published: April 2020

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the coffee brewing method is associated with any death and cardiovascular mortality, beyond the contribution from major cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods and results
Altogether, 508,747 men and women aged 20–79 participating in Norwegian cardiovascular surveys were followed for an average of 20 years with respect to cause-specific death. The number of deaths was 46,341 for any cause, 12,621 for cardiovascular disease (CVD), 6202 for ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 2894 for stroke. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for any death for men with no coffee consumption as reference were 0.85 (082–0.90) for filtered brew, 0.84 (0.79–0.89) for both brews, and 0.96 (0.91–1.01) for unfiltered brew. For women, the corresponding figures were 0.85 (0.81–0.90), 0.79 (0.73–0.85), and 0.91 (0.86–0.96) for filtered, both brews, and unfiltered brew, respectively. For CVD, the figures were 0.88 (0.81–0.96), 0.93 (0.83–1.04), and 0.97 (0.89–1.07) in men, and 0.80 (0.71–0.89), 0.72 (0.61–0.85), and 0.83 (0.74–0.93) in women. Stratification by age raised the HRs for ages ≥60 years. The HR for CVD between unfiltered brew and no coffee was 1.19 (1.00–1.41) for men and 0.98 (0.82–1.15) for women in this age group. The HRs for CVD and IHD were raised when omitting total cholesterol from the model, and most pronounced in those drinking ≥9 of unfiltered coffee, per day where they were raised by 9% for IHD mortality.

Conclusion
Unfiltered brew was associated with higher mortality than filtered brew, and filtered brew was associated with lower mortality than no coffee consumption.
Prehospital study of survival outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Queensland, Australia (the PRAISE study)
Authors: Schultz Brendan V , Doan Tan N , Bosley Emma , Rogers Brett , Rashford Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aim
Patients that experience an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the context of a paramedic-identified ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are a unique cohort. This study identifies the survival outcomes and determinants of survival in these patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all patients, attended between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 by the Queensland Ambulance Service, who had a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction identified by the attending paramedic prior to deterioration into out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We described the ‘survived event’ and ‘survived to discharge’ outcomes of patients and performed univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with survival.

Results
In total, 287 patients were included. Overall, high rates of survival were reported, with 77% of patients surviving the initial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest event and 75% surviving to discharge. Predictors of event survival were the presence of an initial shockable rhythm (adjusted odds ratio 8.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.16–17.76; P &lt; 0.001) and the administration of prehospital medication for subsequent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted odds ratio 2.54, 95% CI 1.17–5.50; P = 0.020). These factors were also found to be associated with survival to hospital discharge, increasing the odds of survival by 13.74 (95% CI 6.02–31.32; P &lt; 0.001) and 6.96 (95% CI 2.50–19.41; P &lt; 0.001) times, respectively. The administration of prehospital fibrinolytic medication was also associated with survival in a subgroup analysis.

Conclusion
This subset of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients was found to be highly salvageable and responsive to resuscitative measures, having arrested in the presence of paramedics and presented with an identified reversible cause.
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in the Sinonasal Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Clark Carly A. , Worden Cameron P. , Thorp Brian D. , Ebert Charles S. , Zanation Adam M. , Senior Brent A. , M. Johnson Steven , McClain Wade G. , Kimple Adam J. 
Published: April 2020

Background Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) occurs in patients with hematologic disorders, but rarely within the paranasal sinuses. We report a case of EMH in a 17-year-old male with sickle cell disease (SCD) who presented with occipital pain and sinusitis. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated heterogeneous opacification of the right maxillary sinus concerning for allergic fungal sinusitis or a fungal ball with bony erosion. He was taken to the operating room for endoscopic biopsy and a limited endoscopic sinus surgery. Grossly, his maxillary sinus was filled with spiculated osseous tissue. Final pathology demonstrated active hematopoietic bone marrow filling the sinus. Methods We present a case report and literature review of sinonasal EMH. Results We identified 14 articles with 15 patients. EMH was typically associated with SCD or beta thalassemia. The average age of presentation was 30. There was a male sex predilection with a ratio of 11:15. The most common presenting symptom was a headache and nasal obstruction (33% for both). The most common finding on CT was a soft tissue expansile mass (73%). The most commonly affected location was the maxillary sinus (60%). Conclusions This case report serves as a reminder to consider EMH as an uncommon cause of sinus opacification, particularly in patients with SCD or beta thalassemia. The expansion of hematopoietic tissue may be identified as a sinus mass on CT. By recognizing the potential manifestations of chronic anemia, an accurate and timely diagnosis can be made.
Correlates of Single Versus Multiple Functional Disabilities Among Aging Americans: Race/Ethnicity and Region of Birth
Authors: Moore Ami R. , Bohm-Jordan Maggie , Amey Foster , Mpofu Elias 
Published: April 2020

Background: Significant racial/ethnic disparities exist in the prevalence of functional disability among older Americans. Objective: The study analyzed the odds of older people in the United States experiencing single and multiple disabilities, by race and region of birth. Method: Data came from the American Community Survey (2011–2015). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used. Results: Region of birth, race/ethnicity, age, citizenship status, duration of stay, sex, marital status, veteran status, educational attainment, poverty status, and class of workers were all significantly associated with reports of either single or multiple disabilities. However, the introduction of the interaction terms for citizenship status by race modified some of the significant results. For instance, being born in Latin America no longer reduced the odds in reports of both single and multiple disabilities. However, compared with Whites and native-born of all races, both Hispanics who were either naturalized or were noncitizens had lower odds of reporting multiple disabilities (27% and 28% lower, respectively), whereas naturalized Hispanics also had significantly reduced odds (22%) for a single disability. Conclusion: These findings add to the disability, race/ethnicity, and place of birth literature.
Second Metatarsophalangeal Joint Interpositional Arthroplasty Using Decellularized Human Dermal Allograft: Operative Technique
Authors: Bohl Daniel D. , Idarraga Alex J. , Hur Edward S. , Lee Simon , Hamid Kamran S. , Lin Johnny 
Published: April 2020

Arthrodesis of an osteoarthritic second metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is suboptimal because of altered gait mechanics; hence, joint-preserving procedures are of value. Autograft interpositional arthroplasty is one available option with excellent results, but there are potential concerns regarding donor site morbidity and insufficiency of the autograft material. We present here an alternative technique, an interpositional arthroplasty using allograft. Our technique includes a dorsal incision and joint exposure, removal of cartilage from the metatarsal head, and interposition of human decellularized dermal allograft sutured to the metatarsal head. Allograft interpositional arthroplasty is a feasible technique and can be further investigated as an alternative procedure for patients with second MTP osteoarthritis. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Risk factors for skin, mucosal, and organ bleeding in adults with primary ITP: a nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Hato Takaaki , Shimada Naoki , Kurata Yoshiyuki , Kuwana Masataka , Fujimura Kingo , Kashiwagi Hirokazu , Takafuta Toshiro , Murata Mitsuru , Tomiyama Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bleeding manifestations in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) range from skin petechiae to life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). However, the relation between these various bleeding manifestations and the platelet count in ITP remains poorly characterized. Using a nationwide database of patients with ITP during the years 2005 to 2014 (10 years) in Japan, we analyzed 19 415 adult patients newly diagnosed with ITP, including 222 with ICH. The frequency of skin purpura was 64.8%, and this increased linearly with thrombocytopenia without a specific platelet count threshold. In contrast, mucosal bleeding (epistaxis and gingival bleeding) and organ bleeding (melena, hematuria, and ICH) increased exponentially with thrombocytopenia at a platelet count threshold of 10 to 15 × 109/L. Age showed a much weaker correlation than platelet count with skin and mucosal bleeding. However, the incidence of organ bleeding increased exponentially above 60 years of age. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of mucosal bleeding was a risk factor for occurrence of melena and hematuria but not for ICH. The frequency of ICH was 1.1% and risk factors for ICH were age ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.13-4.47; P &lt; .001), platelet count &lt;10 × 109/L (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.11-4.15; P &lt; .001), and the presence of hematuria (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.04-2.35; P = .033). The relation between ICH and platelet count varied with age. This large-scale analysis of risk factors for bleeding in ITP has revealed distinct characteristics of skin, mucosal, and organ bleeding in adult patients with newly diagnosed ITP, thus indicating those who are at a high risk of severe organ bleeding.
Positive physiological effects of touching sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) with the sole of the feet
Authors: Ikei Harumi , Miyazaki Yoshifumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Japanese households, it is customary to walk barefoot on wood floors. This study sought to clarify the physiological effects produced via tactile application of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) to the sole of the feet, using the brain and autonomic nervous activities as indicators. Twenty-seven female university students (mean age, 21.9 ± 1.9 years) participated in this study. Oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were determined using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. High frequency (HF), denoted parasympathetic nervous activity, and low frequency (LF)/HF indicated sympathetic nervous activity; both were measured using heart rate variability. The wooden material was unpainted sugi wood with two different finishes uzukuri brushing or sanding. A similarly sized marble plate served as a control. The sole of the feet of each participant touched each material for 90 s. The results found that the uzukuri wood significantly decreased oxy-Hb concentration in the left prefrontal cortex compared with touching the marble. Furthermore, compared to before contact, the uzukuri wood showed significantly decreased oxy-Hb concentrations in the right prefrontal cortex, increased ln(HF), and decreased the ln(LF/HF) ratio. Moreover, the contact with sanded wood significantly decreased oxy-Hb concentrations in the right prefrontal cortex compared with before contact. Thus, it is concluded that tactile application of sugi to the sole of the feet induced physiological relaxation.
Multi-omic profiling reveals associations between the gut mucosal microbiome, the metabolome, and host DNA methylation associated gene expression in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Qing , Ye Jianzhong , Fang Daiqiong , Lv Longxian , Wu Wenrui , Shi Ding , Li Yating , Yang Liya , Bian Xiaoyuan , Wu Jingjing , Jiang Xianwan , Wang Kaicen , Wang Qiangqiang , Hodson Mark P. , Thibaut Loïc M. , Ho Joshua W. K. , Giannoulatou Eleni , Li Lanjuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe human gut microbiome plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between the host and microbiome is still lacking.ResultsWe found correlations between the change in abundance of microbial taxa, butyrate-related colonic metabolites, and methylation-associated host gene expression in colonic tumour mucosa tissues compared with the adjacent normal mucosa tissues. The increase of genusFusobacteriumabundance was correlated with a decrease in the level of 4-hydroxybutyric acid (4-HB) and expression of immune-related peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16), Fc Receptor Like A (FCRLA) and Lymphocyte Specific Protein 1 (LSP1). The decrease in the abundance of another potentially 4-HB-associated genus,Prevotella 2,was also found to be correlated with the down-regulated expression of metallothionein 1 M (MT1M). Additionally, the increase of glutamic acid-related familyHalomonadaceaewas correlated with the decreased expression of reelin (RELN). The decreased abundance of genusPaeniclostridiumand genusEnterococcuswere correlated with increased lactic acid level, and were also linked to the expression change of Phospholipase C Beta 1 (PLCB1) and Immunoglobulin Superfamily Member 9 (IGSF9) respectively. Interestingly, 4-HB, glutamic acid and lactic acid are all butyrate precursors, which may modify gene expression by epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation.ConclusionsOur study identified associations between previously reported CRC-related microbial taxa, butyrate-related metabolites and DNA methylation-associated gene expression in tumour and normal colonic mucosa tissues from CRC patients, which uncovered a possible mechanism of the role of microbiome in the carcinogenesis of CRC. In addition, these findings offer insight into potential new biomarkers, therapeutic and/or prevention strategies for CRC.
Identification of QTLs associated with curd architecture in cauliflower
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Qing , Sheng Xiao-Guang , Yu Hui-Fang , Wang Jian-Sheng , Shen Yu-Sen , Gu Hong-Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurd architecture is one of the most important characters determining the curd morphology of cauliflower. However, the genetic mechanism dissection of this complex trait at molecular level is lacking. Genes/QTLs responsible for the morphological differences between present-day loose-curd and compact-curd cauliflower haven’t been well revealed.ResultsHerein, by using a common compact-curd parent and two loose-curd parents, we developed two double haploid (DH) populations including 122 and 79 lines, respectively. For each population, we decomposed the curd architecture concept into four parameters (basal diameter, stalk length, stalk angle and curd solidity), and collected corresponding phenotypic data for each parameter across two environments. The Kosambi function and composite interval mapping algorithm were conducted to construct the linkage map and analyze the QTLs associated with curd architecture parameters. A total of 20 QTLs were detected with the minimum likelihood of odd (LOD) values ranging from 2.61 to 8.38 and the percentage of the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL (PVE) varying between 7.69 and 25.10%. Of these, two QTLs controlling stalk length (qSL.C6–1, qSL.C6–2) and two QTLs controlling curd solidity (qCS.C6–1 and qCS.C6–2) were steadily expressed in both environments. Further, qSL.C6–1, qSL.C6–2, qCS.C6–1 and qCS.C6–4 fell into the same chromosomal region of the reference genome, indicating that these loci are involved in pleiotropic effects or are tightly linked.ConclusionThe current study identified a series of QTLs associated with curd architecture parameters, which might contribute essentially to the formation of present-day loose-curd cauliflower that is widely cultivated in China. These results may pave the way for intensive deciphering the molecular mechanisms of curd development and for marker-assisted selection of curd morphology in cauliflower breeding.
Determinants of childhood blood pressure using structure equation model: the CASPIAN–V study
Authors: Angoorani Pooneh , Mostafaei Shayan , Kiani Toktam , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Shafiee Gita , Gorabi Armita Mahdavi , Qorbani Mostafa , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Childhood hypertension is a predictor of later diseases, increases the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood and results in major economic burdens.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effect of anthropometric, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on blood pressure (BP) in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents using a path analysis.

Methods
This multi-centric nationwide study was performed on students aged 7–18 years. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured by standard methods and demographic data, socioeconomic status, dietary habits and health related behaviors were obtained using validated questionnaires. Path analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships among the study variables and to implement the subsequent structural modeling.

Results
Totally, 7235 students (50.6% boys; the mean age 12.3 ± 3.1 years) were assessed. Systolic and diastolic BP positively correlated with age (r = 0.35 and 0.26; respectively), BMI (r = 0.06 and 0.04; respectively) and WC (r = 0.05 and 0.03; respectively). According to path analysis, age had significant direct effect on BMI, WC, and BP (β = 0.035, 0.043 and 0.345; respectively), which was greater for BP. BMI and WC had the greatest direct effect on BP (β = 0.05 and 0.03; respectively). Education level, subjective health complaints, health-related behaviors and dietary habits had positive direct effects on BP (β = 0.036, 0.030, 0.018 and 0.017; respectively). Socioeconomic status and positive changes in diet had negative indirect effect on BP (β = − 0.001 for both).

Conclusion
Our findings strengthen the importance of weight and body composition in BP control. It is suggested to improve diet and health related behaviors especially in families with low socioeconomic position.
Analysis of Bayesian posterior significance and effect size indices for the two-sample t-test to support reproducible medical research
Authors: Kelter Riko 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The replication crisis hit the medical sciences about a decade ago, but today still most of the flaws inherent in null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) have not been solved. While the drawbacks of p-values have been detailed in endless venues, for clinical research, only a few attractive alternatives have been proposed to replace p-values and NHST. Bayesian methods are one of them, and they are gaining increasing attention in medical research, as some of their advantages include the description of model parameters in terms of probability, as well as the incorporation of prior information in contrast to the frequentist framework. While Bayesian methods are not the only remedy to the situation, there is an increasing agreement that they are an essential way to avoid common misconceptions and false interpretation of study results. The requirements necessary for applying Bayesian statistics have transitioned from detailed programming knowledge into simple point-and-click programs like JASP. Still, the multitude of Bayesian significance and effect measures which contrast the gold standard of significance in medical research, the p-value, causes a lack of agreement on which measure to report.

Methods
Therefore, in this paper, we conduct an extensive simulation study to compare common Bayesian significance and effect measures which can be obtained from a posterior distribution. In it, we analyse the behaviour of these measures for one of the most important statistical procedures in medical research and in particular clinical trials, the two-sample Student’s (and Welch’s) t-test.

Results
The results show that some measures cannot state evidence for both the null and the alternative. While the different indices behave similarly regarding increasing sample size and noise, the prior modelling influences the obtained results and extreme priors allow for cherry-picking similar to p-hacking in the frequentist paradigm. The indices behave quite differently regarding their ability to control the type I error rates and regarding their ability to detect an existing effect.

Conclusion
Based on the results, two of the commonly used indices can be recommended for more widespread use in clinical and biomedical research, as they improve the type I error control compared to the classic two-sample t-test and enjoy multiple other desirable properties.