bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunosenescence profile and expression of the aging biomarker (p16INK4a) in testicular cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Bourlon Maria T. , Velazquez Hugo E. , Hinojosa Juan , Orozco Luis , Rios-Corzo Ricardo , Lima Guadalupe , Llorente Luis , Hernandez-Ramirez Diego F. , Valentin-Cortez Francisco J. , Medina-Rangel Irene , Atisha-Fregoso Yemil 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Cytotoxic chemotherapy can cure advanced germ cell tumors. Nevertheless, cancer treatment may induce cellular senescence and accelerate molecular aging. The aging process implies an increase of cells expressing p16INK4a and changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. Our aim was to study the potential induction of premature immunosenescence in testicular cancer survivors (TCS) exposed to chemotherapy.

Methods
Case-control exploratory study of TCS treated with chemotherapy (≥3 BEP cycles, disease-free ≥3 months) compared with age matched healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. CDKN2A/p16INK4a expression in T cells was measured using qPCR. The percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations and the CDKN2A/p16INK4a expression in TCS were compared with the control group using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results
We included 16 cases and 16 controls. The median age was 27 years (minimum 24, maximum 54) and the median time on surveillance was 26.5 months (minimum 3, maximum192). TCS had a lower percentage of total T cells and CD4+ T cells in total lymphocytes. Among the CD4+ T lymphocytes, TCS had less naïve CD4+ and increased memory CD4+ cells. Within the CD8+ T lymphocytes, TCS exhibited a decrease in the percentage of naïve cells and an increase in CD8 + CD45RA + CD57+ cells. TCS also exhibited decreased memory CD19+ B cells compared to the controls. The relative expression of CDKN2A/p16INK4a in T cells was increased in TCS (mean 1.54; 95% CI of the mean: 1.074–2.005; p = 0.048).

Conclusion
In this exploratory study, TCS showed increased expression of CDKN2A/p16INK4a and a lymphocyte phenotype that has been associated with immunosenescence. Further studies are warranted to define the clinical implications of these alterations in TCS.
Valsalva retinopathy induced by handstand: a case report
Authors: Miyaki Toshiya , Kida Teruyo , Oosuka Shou , Fukumoto Masanori , Sato Takaki , Nakajima Masayuki , Ikeda Tsunehiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Valsalva retinopathy is known to occur as a sudden preretinal or sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage induced by a rapid rise in venous pressure following increased intrathoracic or intraabdominal pressure. Here we report a case of Valsalva retinopathy that was probably induced by straining that occurred due to following a handstand.

Case presentation
A 15-year-old boy became aware of decreased visual acuity in his left eye immediately after doing a handstand for approximately 10 s during physical education class, and subsequently visited a local clinic on the same day. Upon examination, a vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in the posterior pole of the fundus was found in his left eye, and he was subsequently referred to our department 7 days later. Upon examination, the VH around the optic nerve head of the left eye appeared to be resolved, and an oval-shaped sub-internal limiting membrane (sub-ILM) hemorrhage was found in the superonasal side of the optic nerve head. No abnormalities were observed in the macular area. Four months later, the sub-ILM hemorrhage was found to have spontaneously resolved. Subsequent fluorescein angiography examinations revealed no abnormal findings at the lesion site.

Conclusions
In this patient, we hypothesize that the Valsalva retinopathy was induced by straining that occurred due to a handstand, and that the resultant sub-ILM hemorrhage progressed to VH.
Effect of football activity and physical fitness on information processing, inhibitory control and working memory in adolescents
Authors: Williams Ryan A. , Cooper Simon B. , Dring Karah J. , Hatch Lorna , Morris John G. , Sunderland Caroline , Nevill Mary E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Whilst an acute bout of exercise has been shown to enhance subsequent cognition, including in adolescents, the effects of team games (of which Football is the most popular) has received little attention. Therefore, this study examined: the effect of an acute bout of outdoor Football activity on information processing, inhibitory control, working memory and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adolescents; the effect of physical fitness on cognition and; the moderating effect of physical fitness on the acute exercise responses.

Methods
Following familiarisation, 36 adolescents (16 girls) took part in two trials (60-min Football and 60-min seated rest) separated by 7-d in a counterbalanced, crossover design. Information processing and inhibitory control (Stroop Test), and working memory (Sternberg Paradigm) were assessed 30-min before exercise/rest and immediately, 45- and 90-min post-exercise/rest. Capillary blood samples were obtained before exercise/rest and up to 120-min post-exercise/rest. The median split of distance covered on the MSFT was used to divide the group into high- and low-fit groups.

Results
Performance on the cognitive function tasks was similar between Football and seated rest (trial*time interactions; all p > .05). However, the high-fit group had overall quicker response times on both levels of the Stroop Task and all three levels of the Sternberg Paradigm (main effect of fitness; all p < .001). Furthermore, the exercise-cognition relationship was moderated by physical fitness, with improvements in working memory response times seen post-exercise, only in the high-fit group (trial*time*fitness interaction, p < .05). Circulating BDNF was unaffected by the Football activity and physical fitness (p > .05).

Conclusion
The present study shows that higher levels of physical fitness are beneficial for cognitive function and provides novel evidence that an ecologically valid, and popular, form of exercise is beneficial for working memory following exercise, in high-fit participants only.
Are sedentary behavior and physical activity independently associated with cardiometabolic benefits? The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin , Hua Simin , Qi Qibin , Strizich Garrett , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Talavera Gregory A. , Evenson Kelly R. , Gellman Marc D. , Stoutenberg Mark , Castañeda Sheila F. , Gallo Linda C. , Perreira Krista M. , Sanchez-Johnsen Lisa A. P. , Kaplan Robert C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Whether physical activity can reduce cardiometabolic risk particularly in understudied populations such as US Hispanics/Latinos is of public health interest. We prospectively examined the association of physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in n = 8049 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a community-based cohort study of 16,415 adults aged 18–74 yr who self-identified as Hispanic/Latino from four US urban centers.

Methods
We assessed physical activity using accelerometry in 2008–2011 at visit 1. We assessed cardiometabolic biomarkers twice: once at visit 1 and collected a second measure in 2014–2017 at visit 2. We used survey linear regression models with changes in cardiometabolic markers as the dependent variables and quartiles of sedentary behavior or whether adults met guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as the independent variables.

Results
In normoglycemic adults without cardiovascular disease, but not in adults with evidence of cardiometabolic disease, those who were in the lowest quartile for sedentary behavior (< 10.08 h/day) had a significant decline in mean LDL-cholesterol of − 3.94 mg/dL (95% CI: − 6.37, − 1.52) compared to adults in the highest quartile (≥13.0 h/day) who exhibited a significant increase in LDL-cholesterol of 0.14 mg/dL (95% CI, − 2.15,2.42) over the six year period (P < 0.02 in fully adjusted models.) There was also a trend toward lower mean increase in HbA1c comparing the lowest with the highest quartile of sedentary behavior. Overall regardless of glycemic level or evidence of cardiometabolic disease, adults who met guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at visit 1, had significantly lower mean increases in level of fasting glucose compared to adults not meeting guidelines in fully adjusted models.

Conclusions
In this cohort of Hispanics/Latinos, being free of cardiometabolic disease and having low levels of sedentary behavior were associated with health benefits. Among all adults regardless of cardiometabolic disease, meeting guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with health benefits. Overall these data suggest that an active lifestyle may blunt the association of advancing age with worsening cardiometabolic risk factors.
Next-generation des-r-carboxy prothrombin for immunohistochemical assessment of vascular invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yamazaki Shintaro , Takayama Tadatoshi , Kurokawa Tomoharu , Shimamoto Naoaki , Mitsuka Yusuke , Yoshida Nao , Higaki Tokio , Sugitani Masahiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously shown the value of next-generation des-r-carboxy prothrombin (NX-DCP) for predicting vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since conventional DCP is inaccurate under some conditions, this study aimed to assess whether NX-DCP immunohistochemical staining was related to vascular invasion in HCC.MethodsFifty-six patients scheduled to undergo resection for single HCC were divided into two groups, with and without pathological portal vein invasion. Immunohistochemical features of HCC and sites of vascular invasion were assessed using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), conventional DCP, and NX-DCP.ResultsPathological portal vein invasion was absent in 43 patients and present in 13 patients. Patient characteristics, pathological background of the liver parenchyma, and tumor-related factors did not differ significantly between the groups. There was no significant difference in the serum AFP level between the groups, whereas levels of conventional DCP (p < 0.0001) and NX-DCP (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the vascular invasion group. Immunohistochemical staining showed no significant difference in the staining rate of tumor (67.9% vs. 80.7%,p = 0.08), but NX-DCP stained significantly more at the sites of vascular invasion (15.4% vs. 46.2%,p = 0.01) than conventional DCP. No vascular invasion was stained by AFP.ConclusionsNX-DCP offers better sensitivity for detecting sites of vascular invasion than AFP and conventional DCP.
Characteristics of predominantly right-sided colonic diverticulitis without need for colectomy
Authors: Chen Zhi , Zhang Bing , Wu Dan , Jin Ye 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
In China, diverticulitis is more often located in the right colon, mainly in the cecum and ascending colon. Here we study the characteristics of acute colonic diverticulitis and compare various treatments for acute right-sided colonic diverticulitis.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 123 patients with acute colonic diverticulitis treated in our hospital from April 2013 to April 2020, including 114 cases of right-sided colonic diverticulitis, was performed. The characteristics of acute colonic diverticulitis were analyzed, and the therapeutic effects of different treatments for acute right-sided colonic diverticulitis were compared.

Results
111 cases of caecal and ascending colonic diverticulitis were identified (90.2% of cases, male to female ratio 2.26:1, average age 39.6 ± 14.4 years, surgery ratio 24.3%, mean hospital stay 7.4 ± 4.3 days, recurrence rate 3.6%). Three cases of transverse colonic diverticulitis and three cases of descending colonic diverticulitis were found. Six cases of Sigmoid diverticulitis (4.9% of cases, male to female ratio 1:1, average age 67.7 ± 4.5 years, surgery ratio 33.3%, mean hospital stay 11.7 ± 5.5 days, recurrence rate 0%) were found. 13 patients underwent right-sided colonic diverticulitis resection and repair, while zero patients underwent colectomy. Abdominal drainage was performed in 15 patients with right-sided colonic diverticulitis. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay among the three treatments for right-sided colonic diverticulitis (P = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate among the three treatments of right-sided colonic diverticulitis (P = 0.358). While the recurrence rate of right-sided colonic diverticulitis was only 3.5%, relapse usually occurred within the first year following treatment.

Conclusions
In our patients, right-sided colonic diverticulitis is more common in young and middle-aged patients than in elderly patients and we see a higher incidence in males. Acute right-sided complex diverticulitis is rare. While non-surgical treatment is preferred for acute right-sided uncomplicated diverticulitis, no significant difference in outcome was observed between the three different treatments we compared. Resection and repair of diverticulum or abdominal drainage can also be used to treat patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis.
Effect of metformin in addition to an antenatal diet and lifestyle intervention on fetal growth and adiposity: the GRoW randomised trial
Authors: Poprzeczny Amanda J. , Louise Jennie , Deussen Andrea R. , Dodd Jodie M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The infants born to women who are overweight or obese in pregnancy are at an increased risk of being born macrosomic or large for gestational age. Antenatal dietary and lifestyle interventions have been shown to be ineffective at reducing this risk. Our aim was to examine the effects of metformin in addition to a diet and lifestyle intervention on fetal growth and adiposity among women with a BMI above the healthy range.

Methods
Women who had a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 in early pregnancy, and a singleton gestation, were enrolled in the GRoW trial from three public maternity hospitals in metropolitan Adelaide. Women were invited to have a research ultrasounds at 28 and 36 weeks’ gestation at which ultrasound measures of fetal biometry and adiposity were obtained. Fetal biometry z-scores and trajectories were calculated. Measurements and calculations were compared between treatment groups. This secondary analysis was pre-specified.

Results
Ultrasound data from 511 women were included in this analysis. The difference in femur length at 36 weeks’ gestation was (0.07 cm, 95% CI 0.01–0.14 cm, p = 0.019) and this was was statistically significant, however the magnitude of effect was small. Differences between treatment groups for all other fetal biometry measures, z-scores, estimated fetal weight, and adiposity measures at 28 and 36 weeks’ gestation were similar.

Conclusions
The addition of metformin to dietary and lifestyle advice in pregnancy for overweight and obese women has no clinically relevant effect on ultrasound measures of fetal biometry or adiposity.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12612001277831).
Perceptions of palliative care in a South Asian community: findings from an observational study
Authors: Dosani Naheed , Bhargava Ravi , Arya Amit , Pang Celeste , Tut Pavinder , Sharma Achal , Chasen Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients often view “palliative care” (PC) as an approach that is synonymous with end-of-life and death, leading to shock and fear. Differing cultural and social norms and religious affiliations greatly determine perception of PC among diverse populations.

Methods
This prospective observational study aimed to explore perceptions of PC among South Asian community members at one Canadian site. Patients who identified themselves as being of South Asian origin were consented and enrolled at a PC Clinic at a community hospital in Brampton, Ontario serving a large South Asian population. Participants filled out an 18-question survey created for the study and responded to a semi-structured interview consisting of 8 questions that further probed their perceptions of PC. Survey responses and semi-structured interviews content were analyzed by four authors who reached consensus on key exploratory findings.

Results
Thirty-four participants of South Asian origin were recruited (61.8% males), and they were distributed by their age group as follows: [(30–49) - 18%; (50–64) – 21%; (65–79) - 41%; (≥ 80) – 21%]. Five main exploratory findings emerged: (i) differing attitudes towards talking about death; (ii) the key role of family in providing care; (iii) a significant lack of prior knowledge of PC; (iv) a common emphasis on the importance of alleviating suffering and pain to maintain comfort; and (v) that cultural values, faith, or spiritual belief do not pose a necessary challenge to acceptance of PC services.

Conclusions
Observations from this study provide a source of reference to understand the key findings and variability in perceptions of palliative care in South Asian communities. Culturally competent interventions based on trends observed in this study could assist Palliative Physicians in delivering personalized care to South Asian populations.
Type D personality and metabolic syndrome among Finnish female municipal workers
Authors: Majaluoma Susa , Seppälä Tellervo , Kautiainen Hannu , Korhonen Päivi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Type D personality is a combination of high negative affectivity (NA) and high social inhibition (SI). This personality trait is suspected to impair cardiovascular patients’ recovery. The 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice recommend screening of psychosocial risk factors as Type D personality. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Type D personality and Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in working-age female population.

Methods
Six hundred thirty-four female employees with mean age of 48 ± 10 years were evaluated. Type D personality and its components (NA) and (SI) were screened with DS14 questionnaire. The definition of MetS was based on measurements done by trained medical staff. We investigated the relationship between Mets and Type D personality, NA and SI using the logistic regression models adjusting for age, education years, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, alcohol use and depressive symptoms.

Results
The prevalence of Type D personality was 10.6% (n = 67) [95% CI: 8.3 to 13.2] and MetS 34.7% (n = 220). Type D personality or its subcomponents were not associated with MetS. Women with Type D personality had significantly worse quality of sleep and lower LTPA. They were also more often unsatisfied with their economic situation, they had more often depressive symptoms and psychiatric disorders than non-D type persons. There were no differences in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion
Screening for Type D personality among working- age, reasonably healthy female population seems not to be practical method for finding persons with risk for cardiovascular disease.
The effect of a stress and anxiety coping program on objective structured clinical examination performance among nursing students in shiraz, Iran
Authors: Mojarrab Sadaf , Bazrafkan Leila , Jaberi Azita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Evaluation of the competence and practical skills of nursing students, using the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), is an integral part of the nursing education program. However, their performance could be negatively influenced by a significant level of stress and anxiety prior to the test. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an anxiety coping program on the OSCE performance level of first-year nursing students in Shiraz, Iran.

Methods
The present quasi-experimental study was conducted among 76 nursing students; control group (n = 35) and intervention group (n = 41). To attain the study purpose, the intervention group received a pre-exam anxiety coping program that included relaxation and soothing techniques, diaphragmatic breathing training, and progressive muscle relaxation training accompanied by light instrumental music, while the control group received no intervention before the exam. Data collection instruments included a demographic characteristics form and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. Demographic characteristics of the participants indicated an overall homogeneity within the study population. The STAI questionnaire was filled in before and after the OSCE and the results were compared with those of the control group. The data were analysed using SPSS software (version 22.0). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
As a result of the anxiety coping program, a substantial reduction in the anxiety score (by 11.61 units) in the intervention group was observed. There was a significant difference in the pre- and post-exam anxiety scores between the control and intervention groups (P < 0.001). The anxiety coping program improved the examination results of nursing students in the final exam compared to the midterm results (an increase of 0.9487 units, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The anxiety coping program reduced the anxiety level among nursing students and improved their OSCE results. Our findings can be utilized to better evaluate clinical activities in different medical and paramedical groups. Moreover, educators can implement such coping programs prior to evaluations in order to effectively assess the knowledge, attitude, and performance of the students.