bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life among People with Serious Mental Illness in Supportive Housing
Authors: Stefancic Ana , Lu Nathaniel , Wang Xiaoyan , Bochicchio Lauren , Weatherly Christopher , Roth Kimberly , Cabassa Leopoldo J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Given indications of widening disparities in mortality for people with serious mental illness, understanding and reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improving health-related quality of life is an urgent public health priority. This study examined CVD risk factor clustering, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and their correlates among people with SMI who were overweight/obese (i.e., BMI ≥ 25) and living in supportive housing. Methods: Baseline data were used from participants enrolled in a clinical trial examining the effectiveness of a peer-led healthy lifestyle program. univariate analyses were used to describe the distribution of individual risk factors and the cumulative number of CVD risk factors. Bivariate and regression analyses were used to explore correlates of individual CVD risk factors, the cumulative number of risk factors, and HRQoL Physical and Mental Health Composite Scores. Results: Participants were 48.7 years old, on average (sd = 11.6) and the majority identified as male (57.3%) and as racial/ethnic minorities (82%; primarily non-Hispanic black). Most participants (75.4%) had at least two co-occurring CVD risk factors and almost half (46.7%) had three or more, most commonly obesity, smoking, and hypertension. Prevalence of individual risk factors, particularly smoking and diabetes, varied by demographic and clinical characteristics. Identifying as female, older age, and taking second generation antipsychotic medication were associated with having more co-occurring CVD risk factors, while having completed high school was associated with fewer risks. Number of co-occurring CVD risk factors, identifying as female, and greater psychiatric symptoms were negatively associated with physical HRQoL. Older age, lower psychiatric symptoms, and greater internal locus of control were positively associated with mental HRQoL.Conclusion: Even when compared to other studies examining CVD risk among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, our study sample generally had higher rates of clustering of multiple risk factors, highlighting the need for urgent intervention among those living in supportive housing. Demographic and clinical factors further identify those who may have the highest risk as well as factors that may adversely affect perceived health status and functioning. Reducing CVD risk and improving HRQoL will likely require expanding access to quality care, adapting intervention approaches to subpopulations, and providing increased support to facilitate health behavior change and perceived control for modifiable risk factors.Trial Registration: This trial was registered through ClinicalTrials.gov on June 26, 2014. The registration number is NCT02175641.
Factors Influencing Women’s Perceptions of Choice and Control During Pregnancy and Birth: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Leahy-Warren Patricia , Mulcahy Helen , Corcoran Paul , Bradley Roisin , O'Connor Mary , O'Connell Rhona 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Women across the world value choice and control throughout their maternity care experiences. In response to this health policy and frameworks are adapting and developing. The concepts of choice and control are extrinsically complex and open to interpretation by healthcare professionals and service users, with the two not necessarily aligning. Depending on a number of factors, women’s experiences of choice and control within the same maternity care system may be very different. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing women’s perceptions of choice and control during pregnancy and birth in Ireland.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using an adapted version of the questionnaire from the UK national maternity experience survey (National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit). During 2017, a sample of 1,277 women were recruited from the postnatal wards of three maternity units and a tertiary maternity hospital. Poisson regression was used to assess the association between twelve factors and a series of measures of the women’s perception of choice and control. Results The majority of women were multiparous (64%), aged over 30 years (79%), educated to third level (82%), of Irish nationality (85%) and accessed public maternity care (76%). Most women reported not having choice in the model or location of their maternity care but most reported being involved enough in decision-making, especially during birth. Women who availed of private maternity care reported higher levels of choice and control than those who availed of public maternity care. This factor was the most influential factor on almost all choice and control measures.Conclusion Most women experiencing maternity care in Ireland report not having choice in the model and location of care. These are core elements of the Irish maternity strategy and significant investment will be required if improved choice is to be provided. Availing of private maternity care has the strongest influence on a woman’s perceived choice and control but many women cannot afford this type of care.
Is COVID-19 a risk factor of DVT in orthopaedic trauma surgery? A prospective study
Authors: Agar Anıl , Gunes Orhan , Sahin Adem , Kılıc Bulent , Dogan Sumeyra , Kocatas Ali , Gulabi Deniz , Erturk Cemil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the radiological and laboratory parameters of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who underwent surgery for a lower extremity fracture in our COVID-19 care units in terms of DVT.Patients and Methods: Patients who were operated on due to lower extremity fracture between 10 March and 1 May and diagnosed with COVID-19 were evaluated prospectively. Patients’ age, gender, affected side, fracture location, fracture type, COVID-19 radiological or clinical symptoms and Doppler USG and biochemical markers screening for DVT were evaluated.Results: Thirty patients, ages 39-88, were included in the study. Preoperative D-dimer value of the patients was mean 5.9 mg / L. In all the patients, the D-dimer level was above the normal range. The mean troponin value was 0.025 ng / mL preoperatively. The troponin value was found to be normal in 8 patients and above the normal value in 22 patients. On physical examination, DVT findings were present in 1 patient and DVT was detected in 2 patients on doppler ultrasound.Conclusion: It can be recommended that extra attention should be given to vascular complications in COVID-19 positive trauma patients, as both the effect of trauma itself increases hypercoagulability and COVID-19 disease seems to have the potential to increase hypercoagulability.
Prevalence of Bedbugs infestation, Crowding and Awareness level among Government boarding Secondary school students in Moshi urban, Tanzania
Authors: Massawe Peter Raphael , Wahhay Ezekiel Emanuel , Gideon Baraka , Kitau Jovin , Mushi Amedeus L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Bedbug infestation is the worldwide problem according to World Health Organization, and the infestation is characterized by biting reactions including systemic, cutaneous reactions and sometimes psychological disturbance. Prevalence of bedbug infestation is low (6%) in developed countries while in Sierra Leone is 98% and Tanzania is 56% in which is tremendously high. As the bedbug infestation is among neglected conditions and because of high prevalence in Tanzania, the studies to determine this burden, some risk factors (crowding) and awareness among specific populated communities especially schools is inevitable for planning strategies in eradication of bedbug.Objective. To determine the prevalence of bedbug infestation, crowding and awareness level among boarding government secondary school students in Moshi Urban.Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2018 at Moshi Urban in Kilimanjaro region. The structured standard questionnaire was used to obtain the demographics information of participants, asses awareness. Personal observation was used to determine prevalence and crowding in the corresponding student’s dormitories. Results. The prevalence of bedbug infestation was 58.1% (223) among 384 study participants. Logistic regression analysis showed that 72.6% of the students with bedbug infestation were found to be living in the overcrowded dormitories. There was association between overcrowd and bedbug infestation (OR=2.50, 95%CI (1.63-3.83) P=0.001. Only 32.7% of the infested students involved in this study were aware with bedbugs (OR=0.8795% CI (0.56-1.35) P=0.54. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of bedbug infestation was found to be high among students living in the overcrowded dormitories and those who were not aware on bedbug biology and behavior, transmission, control and prevention ways. Education concerning bedbugs is needed to increase the community awareness together with management of number of student in accordance to the available facilities and resources.
The views of medical students about e-learning during pandemic of COVID-19 in Iran
Authors: Afshari Poorandokht , Abedi Parvin , Eslami Kaveh , Rokhafrooz Dariush , Maraghi Elham , Beheshtinasab Maryam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Iran affected by coronavirus since early March 2020 and all schools and universities were closed. Medical universities of Iran introduced e-learning system in late March 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the views of universities’ students about e-learning.Method: This was a cross-sectional study in which 600 medical students in medical universities of Iran were recruited. A questionnaire included 54 questions was used to collect data. The views of medical students on five subscales including quality of content, effective interactions, the supporting system, virtual class management, and motivation management were measured. Data analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test and the Spearman correlation coefficient.Results: The scores of quality of content, effective interaction, supporting systems, the management of virtual classes and management of the motivations were 20.42±7.12, 22.55±8.16, 7.47± 2.89, 12.66 ± 4.43, and 17.26 ± 5.70 respectively. These scores show that the mean of five subscales was in the medium range. Participants with moderate computer skill, high-speed internet and very good access got more score in all five subscales of e-learning (p<0.0001). Time had a reverse correlation with quality of content, and positive correlation with management of virtual system and management of motivation. The costs only showed a reverse correlation with effective interaction (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Iranian medical students had some challenges with e-learning such as high volume of content presented by professors, lack of interaction with professors, weak supporting system, weak management of e-learning system and low motivation. It seems that Iranian e-learning system for the optimal use, should be upgraded and professors and students should receive adequate training in this regard.
Evaluation on the Effects of a New Integrated Health Management Service Model on People With Risk Factors for Dyslipidemia
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Shuang , He Yi-Ni , Wu Bin , Wu Ying , Yu Kai , Qi Dian-Jun , Yu Xiao-Song 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is a factor affecting the occurrence and development of many chronic diseases. With its prevalence increasing year by year, dyslipidemia has caused a huge burden of disease and economy in China and even the world. Appropriate health management is imperative for people with risk factors for dyslipidemia. However, the traditional health management service models mainly focus on the population with chronic diseases. Therefore, we need to establish new models of health management services to more appropriately manage people with risk factors for dyslipidemia. Methods: Among the 5 administrative districts with a population of more than 100,000 in Shenyang, 23 community health service centers with an average daily outpatient number of more than 50 were selected. A total of 5,032 subjects with risk factors for dyslipidemia who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Using prospective cohort study methods. The subjects were followed up for 24 months. They were randomly divided into control group and test group , and received integration of general practice and personalized disease prevention in health management (IGPDP) or traditional health management services, respectively. We analyzed and compared changes in disease prevention, health protection, and health promotion between the two groups at baseline, 12 months after the intervention, and 24 months after the intervention.Results: In terms of disease prevention, we found that after the intervention, participants' behavioral risk factors (smoking, diet, sedentary) improved and their health literacy improved. In terms of health protection, we observed a decrease in BMI (biological risk factor), a gradual improvement in blood lipid levels, and an overall increase in quality of life scores. In terms of health promotion, after the intervention, the proportion of the subjects willing to accept the contracted services of general practitioners increased.Conclusion: IGPDP can effectively cultivate healthy lifestyle of subjects, improve health literacy, reduce biological risk factors, reduce the risk of dyslipidemia, and improve subjects' quality of life. IGPDP is conducive to improving the service quality of general practitioners, the trust of the general public, and facilitating the establishment of a hierarchical medical system.
Associations Between Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain and Preterm Birth: a Cohort Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Guo Yiyang , Xiong Chao , Zhou Aifen , Hu Ronghua , Yang Rong , Du Yukai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Methods This cohort study was designed to investigate the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI, total gestational weight gain (GWG), and GWG during early pregnancy with PTB utilizing data of 83,096 Chinese women from the Maternal and Children Healthcare Information Tracking System of Wuhan, China. Results Women who were underweight, overweight or obese prior to pregnancy had an overall elevated risk of PTB, compared to their normal weight counterparts. Women with total GWG below the IOM recommendation had an increased risk of PTB compared to women who had GWG within the recommendation, whereas an increasing risk of PTB was observed asweekly early pregnancy GWGincreased. When stratified by subtypes of PTB, pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with higher risk of spontaneous PTB, and pre-pregnancy overweight /obese increased the risk of both spontaneous PTB and medically indicated PTB. Women with total GWG below the IOM recommendation had elevated risk for spontaneous PTB and PROM, and women with GWG above the recommendation had decreased risk for all three subtypes of PTB, whereas risk for the three subtypes of PTB increased along with increasing weekly GWG of early pregnancy. Conclusions Maternal underweight, overweight/obesity, total GWG, and GWG during early pregnancy should be considered in combination to reduce the risk of PTB, women should modify their weight gains during pregnancy according to the results.
The efficacy and safety of tacrolimus suppositories in patients with localized ulcerative colitis
Authors: Omote Shizuma , Toyokawa Tatsuya , Sumii Ryohei , Nakanishi Akira , Kadowaki Yuka , Hara Yuta , Fushimi Takashi , Noma Yasuhiro , Fujita Isao , Horii Joichiro , Murakami Takako , Kaneyoshi Toshihiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor used for the treatment of 5-Amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) and systematic corticosteroid refractory ulcerative colitis. However, systemic administration of tacrolimus could lead to many adverse events. Therefore, we used tacrolimus suppositories as a local therapeutic agent and examined its efficacy and safety with strict blood concentration monitoring.
Methods

Sixteen patients with ulcerative colitis were administered a 0.5-mg tacrolimus suppository once daily. In cases with an insufficient clinical effect, additional amounts, at an increment of 0.5 mg of tacrolimus, were administered. The blood concentration was measured two weeks after the start of treatment or any dose change and every four weeks thereafter.
Results

The partial Mayo score was 5.31 before the start of treatment, and it decreased significantly after 2 (2.56, P = 0.001), 4 (1.53, P < 0.001), and 8 (1.47, P = < 0.001) weeks of treatment. The median duration of tacrolimus treatment was 24 (range 2–96) weeks, and 6 patients were treated continuously for more than one year after the pMayo score improved. No exacerbation of adverse events during the treatment regimen was observed. The effects and safety of tacrolimus suppositories were verified with strict blood concentration monitoring.
Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the application of tacrolimus suppositories is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis.
Placental expression of FADS1, FADS2, FADS3 desaturases in selected pregnancy pathologies
Authors: Bobiński Rafał , Mazurek Urszula , Zmarzły Nikola , Ulman-Włodarz Izabela , Dutka Mieczysław , Pollok-Waksmańska Wioletta , Pielesz Anna , Hajduga Maciej , Bujok Jan , Pająk Celina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The period of intrauterine development is a key period in human development. Its progress largely depends on the function of the placenta, which is responsible for the transportation and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Desaturation enzymes play a key role in placental fatty acid metabolism. The expression of genes coding for desaturases may be associated with pregnancy abnormalities. The objective of this study was to determine the transcriptional activity of the placental genes Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 (FADS1), Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FADS2) and Fatty Acid Desaturase 3 (FADS3) in women who gave birth to: appropriate for gestational age (AGA), large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth (PTB) infants. Method: The study took place at the Tychy Specialist Hospital in Poland. 34 pregnant women aged 21-37 years old took part. The placental samples were taken from a site about 2-3 cm away from the umbilical cord attachment. The collected tissue sections were stored, according to the manufacturer’s protocol, in RNAlater (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), until required for molecular analysis. The expression profile of FADS1, FADS2 and FADS3 was determined by RT-qPCR. Results: In terms of the FADS1 and FADS2 genes, there was no difference in the expression between the groups. However, differences in the expression of the FADS3 gene were found. Analysis of the transcriptional activity of the FADS1, FADS2 and FADS3 genes in most of the examined groups showed significant differences. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the transcriptional activity of genes changes with the severity of intrauterine disorders and is associated with foetal lipid disorders linked to a greater accumulation of fat in the foetal tissues.
2D/3D Perovskite Engineering Eliminates Interfacial Recombination Losses in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sutanto Albertus Adrian , Caprioglio Pietro , Drigo Nikita , Hofstetter Yvonne , Benito Ines Garcia , Queloz Valentin , Neher Dieter , Nazeeruddin MOHAMMAD KHAJA , Stolterfoht Martin , Vaynzof Yana , Grancini Giulia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Engineering two-dimensional (2D) / three-dimensional (3D) perovskites has emerged as an attractive route to efficient and durable perovskite solar cells. Beyond improving the surface stability of the 3D layer and acting as a trap passivation agent, the exact function of 2D/3D device interface remains vague. Here, we provide evidence that 2D/3D perovskite interface that forms a p-n junction is capable to reduce the electron density at the hole-transporting layer interface and ultimately suppress interfacial recombination. By a novel ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) depth-profiling technique, we show that engineering of the 2D organic cations, in this case by simply varying the halide counter ions in thiophene methylammonium-salts, modifies the 2D/3D perovskite energy alignment. These measurements enable the true identification of the energetic across the 2D/3D interface, so far unclear. When integrated in solar cells, due to the electron blocking nature of the 2D layer, the optimized 2D/3D structures suppress the interfacial recombination losses, leading to open-circuit voltage (VOC) which approaches the potential internal Quasi-Fermi Level Splitting (QFLS) voltage of the perovskite absorber. The devices exhibit an improved fill factor (FF) driven by the enhanced hole extraction efficiency and reduced electron density at the 2D/3D interface. We thus identify the essential parameters and energetic alignment scenario required for 2D/3D perovskite systems in order to surpass the current limitations of hybrid perovskite solar cell performances.
Effect of Acupoint Catgut Embedding on Intestinal Flora in Rats with Ovariectomized Osteoporosis
Authors: Shi Na , Zhang Chuqiong , Han Long , Ouyang Gang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the effect of acupoint embedding on intestinal flora in rats with ovariectomized osteoporosis. Methods: Thirty-two 3-month-old female SD rats were randomized into four groups: Group A without operation or treatment, Group B treated with the sham operation, Group C treated with the operation and without any treatment, and Group E treated with operation and acupoint embedding therapy. The osteoporosis animal model was generated by removing bilateral ovaries of rats, and unilateral "Shenshu"(BL23) and "Zusanli" (ST36) of rats were selected for embedding therapy every time. The therapy was performed once every 1 week for 12 consecutive weeks. Results: The bone mineral density of femur and tibia and the estrogen levels in Group E are statistically higher than those in Group C (p<0.05). The Beta diversity analysis shows the difference in the diversity and abundance of flora between Group A and Group C is statistically significant (p<0.01). In Group E, the abundance of probiotics such as firmicutes and bacteroidetes at the phylum level, lactobacillaceae, lachnospiraceae, muribaculaceae, and bacteroidaceae at the family level, lactobacillus gasseri, lactobacillus reuteri, lactobacillus intestinalis, and bacteroides acidifaciens at the species level is higher than those in Group C. The contents of short-chain fatty acid in Group E are significantly higher than those in Group C (p<0.05). Conclusion: Acupoint catgut embedding can improve bone density and increase the estrogen level in rats with osteoporosis, which maybe attributed to regulating composition and abundance of intestinal flora, and increasing the content of short-chain fatty acids.