bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV
Authors: Ou Xiuyuan , Liu Yan , Lei Xiaobo , Li Pei , Mi Dan , Ren Lili , Guo Li , Chen Ting , Hu Jiaxing , Xiang Zichun , Mu Zhixia , Chen Xing , Chen Jieyong , Hu Keping , Jin Qi , Wang Jianwei , Qian Zhaohui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Since beginning of this century, there have already been three zoonotic outbreaks caused by beta coronaviruses (CoV), SARS-CoV in 2002-2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the newly identified 2019-nCoV in late 2019, Wuhan, China. As to Feb 10th, 2020, there are over 40,000 confirmed cases and over 900 deaths. However, little is known about the biology of this newly emerged virus. Here we developed a lentiviral based pseudovirus system for S protein of 2019-nCoV to study virus entry in BSL2 settings. First, we confirmed that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the main entry receptor for 2019-nCoV. Second, we found that 2019-nCoV S protein mediated entry on 293/hACE2 cells was mainly through endocytosis, and PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for virus entry. Third, 2019-nCoV S protein is less stable than SARS-CoV, and it could trigger protease-independent and receptor dependent cell-cell fusion, which might help virus rapidly spread from cell to cell. Finally and more importantly, polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies T62 effectively inhibited entry of SARS-CoV S pseudovirions, but almost had no effect on entry of 2019-nCoV S pseudovirions. Further studies using sera from one recovered SARS-CoV patient and five 2019-nCoV patients showed that there was only limited cross-neutralization activities between SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV sera, suggesting that recovery from one infection might not protect against the other. Our results present potential targets for development of drugs and vaccines for 2019-nCoV.
Blepharoptosis among Korean adults: Age-related prevalence and threshold age for evaluation
Authors: Paik Ji-Sun , Han Kyungdo , Yang Suk-Woo , Park Yongkyu , Na Kyungsun , Cho Wonkyung , Jung Su-Kyung , Kim Sungeun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of blepharoptosis among Korean adults and the characteristics of blepharoptosis patients, and to determine an appropriate age threshold for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation. Methods: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) was conducted in 2010–2012. We extracted data on 17,878 Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years included in KNHANES-V, and determined blepharoptosis prevalence according to age to determine the cutoff age for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation. We also determined the possible association between blepharoptosis and obesity parameters, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Results: There was a strong association between older age and the prevalence of blepharoptosis. The cutoff age for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation was 63 years for males, 70 years for females, and 66 years for all patients. Patients with a high BMI and large WC had a higher prevalence of blepharoptosis in all age groups except for those aged > 80 years. The association of blepharoptosis with BMI according to age group showed that in the 50–59 and 60–69 years age groups, blepharoptosis prevalence and BMI were higher. However, in the 70–79 and 80–89 years age groups, extremely obese patients (BMI > 30) showed a decreased blepharoptosis prevalence. Conclusions: Moderate to severe blepharoptosis can result in poor visual function and exacerbate headaches and depression, leading to decreased quality of life. This study proposed an appropriate age threshold for recommending evaluation of patients with blepharoptosis among the general population of Korea.
Meshness of sewer networks and its implications for flooding occurrence
Authors: Reyes-Silva Julian David , Helm Björn , Krebs Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Understanding the factors that affect the occurrence of failures in urban drainage networks (UDNs) is a key concept for developing strategies to improve the reliability of such systems. Although a lot of research has been done in this field, the relationship between UDN structure (i.e. layout) and its functional failures is still unclear. In this context, the present study focuses first on determining which are the most common sewer layout topologies, based on a data set of 118 UDNs, and then on analyzing the relationship between these and the occurrence of node flooding using eight subnetworks of the sewer system of Dresden, Germany, as a study case. A method to ‘quantify’ the topology of a UDN in terms of similarity to a branched or meshed system, referred to as Meshness, is introduced. Results indicate, on the one hand, that most networks have branched or predominantly branched topologies. On the other hand, node flooding events in networks with higher Meshness values are less likely to occur, and have shorter durations and smaller volumes than in predominantly branched systems. Predominantly meshed systems are identified then as more reliable in terms of flooded nodes and flooding volumes.
Barium- and Bismuth-loaded Clinoptilolite Micro- and Nano-Particles as Proposed New Efficient Contrast Agents
Authors: Hosseini Asieh , Ebadollahi-Natanzi Alireza , Foroughi Mohammad , Shetab-Boushehri Seyed V. 
Published: February 2020

Aim and Objective:
Clinoptilolite is one of the natural zeolites. Clinoptilolite particles
have a high surface area, negative surface charge, cation adsorption and exchange capacities.
Barium sulfate (BaSO4) and bismuth subnitrate (Bi5H9N4O22) suspensions have been used for
upper and lower gastrointestinal imaging but Ba2+ and Bi3+ ions are toxic. In the present study, the
feasibility of the application of Ba2+- and Bi3+-loaded clinoptilolite micro- and nano-particles in
medical imaging was investigated.

Materials and Methods:
Nanoparticles and microparticles of natural clinoptilolite were loaded
with Ba2+ and Bi3+ ions. Radiopacities of loaded particles were measured and compared with those
of BaSO4 and Bi5H9N4O22.

Results:
Ba2+- and Bi3+-loaded clinoptilolite nanoparticles and microparticles showed more intense X-ray
opacities than BaSO4 and Bi5H9N4O22 with equimolar concentrations. Moreover, Ba2+- and Bi3+-loaded
clinoptilolite nanoparticles more intensely absorbed X-ray than respective loaded microparticles.

Conclusion:
The present study proposes Ba2+- and Bi3+-loaded clinoptilolite nanoparticles and
microparticles as new, safe, efficient, and inexpensive contrast agents.
A One-pot Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Oxadiazine-4-thione, and its Antibacterial Activity, and Molecular Modeling Studies
Authors: Abdellattif Magda H. , Ali Ola Abu , Arief Mohamed M.H. , Hussien Mostafa A. 
Published: February 2020

Background:The synthesis of a novel series of oxadiazine-4-thione biological molecules was executed through the incorporation of the ortho-, meta-, and para-benzoyl isocyanates to the tetrabromophthalimide nucleus.Objectives:A one-pot multicomponent methodology in a solvent-free microwave irradiation environment was employed to afford this series of oxadiazine-4-thione, deriving a comparison with the conventional method. Subsequently, the yielded derivatives were subjected to further biological assessment.Materials and Methods:The acquired results denoted that the one-pot procedure, which delivered products in a 2-4 min. interval, was more efficient in evaluation against the classical method, which consumed a 1-2:30 hr. interval.Results:The application of the antibacterial analyses was subjected to all the compounds, resulting in molecules 6a and 6c demonstrating the highest activity regarding Aspergillus Favus; molecules 5b and 5c exhibiting an equivalent level of activity towards E-coli and Fusarium Moniliform; and molecules 4b, 4c, 5b, and 5c presenting an identical level of activity to the aforementioned derivatives involving Staphylococcus.Conclusion:Molecular modeling studies by the MOE, the preceding antibacterial behavior was conducted to advocate the newly prepared compounds. Moreover, the spectroscopic approaches were exploited to verify and establish the structures and mechanisms of the synthesized derivatives’ reactions.
Multi-element Analysis and Geographical Origin Classification of Italian (Calabrian) Wines
Authors: Caridi Francesco , D’Agostino Maurizio , Belvedere Alberto , Mottese Antonio F. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives:
In this article, a comprehensive study was carried out for
food authenticity evaluation through chemometric analyses, correlating botanical and geographical
origins with food chemical composition.

Methods:
A total of eighteen Calabrian red, rose and white wines were analyzed through Inductively
Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Results:
The mineral concentrations, determined by ICP-MS in the investigated wine samples, followed
the subsequent order: K > P > Mg > Na > Ca > Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn > V.

The 2D Scatterplot and loading plot (Principal Component Analysis) showed that all red, rose and
white wine samples from “Cirò” DOP area were grouped in the fourth, second and third quadrant,
respectively, clearly separated from each other. Samples from “Cirò” red showed positive PC1 and
were characterized by higher K, Fe, Mn, Na, V and Zn concentrations. Moreover, the points corresponding
to two red wines from the “Terre di Cosenza” DOP area fall into the first quadrant; those
corresponding to two rose wines from the “Donnici” and “Sant’Anna di Isola di Capo Rizzuto” DOP
areas fall into the third and fourth quadrants, respectively; the point corresponding to a white wine
from the “Donnici” DOP area falls into the second quadrant.

Conclusions:
Experimental results demonstrated that it is possible to strictly relate, through the PCA,
wines to their geographical and botanical provenance, thus becoming a useful tool for evaluating the
product authenticity and guaranteeing it to the consumers.
Modelling to Predict Moisture Ratio in Infrared Drying of Machine Plaster by Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Kalender Mehmet , Özdemir Mahmut Temel , Güler Hasan 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Gypsum plaster is one of the most important building materials.
The use of gypsum plasters is very common due to their many advantages. The drying process
is an important stage in the production of gypsum materials and applications. Modelling
of drying phenomenon can benefit drying technology. Recently, Particle Swarm Optimization
(PSO) technique has been used to obtain optimum model equations for drying
processes.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine a new modeling approach to infrared
drying of machine plaster by using PSO.

Methods:
Experimental studies supplied by previous work in the literature have been performed
by a laboratory scale infrared dryer in the temperature range of 50-70°C and at atmospheric
conditions. Experimental moisture ratio values were compared with various
mathematical model equations developed for the drying process by using Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) technique.

Results:
Fitting tests indicate that the results obtained from the PSO technique are better
than those of the previous study because of lower χ2, RMSE, and RSS values. The best
model equation was the model equation based on the Newton drying equation existing in
the previous study. However, the model equation derived by Modified Page has been determined
as the most compatible model with the experimental data.

Conclusion:
It can be said that PSO is successively and reliably used to predict or optimize
the experimental data of drying phenomena.
Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Launa Elvia , Respati Novita Weningtyas 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of the corporate governance mechanism and firm size concerning to the earnings management. Corporate governance mechanism in this study include managerial ownership, independent commissioner and audit committee. The samples of this research are 7 real estate companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2009-2013. This study using a purposive sampling method to determining the number of samples used. The method of analysis on this research is using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the study shows that managerial ownership, independent commissioner, auditcommittee and firm size are not influence to earnings management. Managerial ownership has no influence to earnings management due to low managerial ownership owned by the samplecompany, while the independent commissioner has no influence because the placement of theindependent commissioner only act to fulfill the formal provisions. Audit committee has noinfluence to earnings management because the member size of audit committee still relativelystandard with the Capital Market Supervisory Agency regulation and firm size has no influenceto earnings management because earnings management’s action not influenced by the firm size.
ANALYSIS OF E-VILLAGE BUDGETING SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS IN VILLAGE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN BANYUWANGI DISTRICT (Case Study in Genteng Wetan Village, Genteng District)
Authors: Wahyuni Endang Dwi , Mubaroq Guntur Kumar , Latifah Sri Wahjuni 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to describe the application of E-Village Budgeting System at Genteng Wetan Village based on Banyuwangi Regent Regulation No. 15 of 2015 about Village Finance Management. And analyze the effectiveness of E-Village Budgeting System Based on indicators of technology-based information systems. This research method is Descriptive research using qualitative approach. The results of this study show that Village Finance Management using E-Village Budgeting System in Genteng Wetan Village is in accordance with Banyuwangi Regent Regulation No. 15 year 2015. Security aspect is sufficient but there are still some deficiencies such as the autosave data and external disturbances. Aspects of Speed already good can be seen from the fast E-Village Budgeting system in input, process, and analyze data. Aspects of Accuracy are good enough but still needed separator to reduce errors in input data. Variation Aspects Report (output) and Relevance is sufficient can be seen from the results or outputs are produced in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The quality of financial reports generated with the help of the E-Village Budgeting system is good. So, in general the application of E-Village Budgeting system is quite good and effective. However, there are still some lack of security aspects of the E-Village Budgeting System At Genteng Wetan Village
Influencing Factors Of Business-Fraud Intention On Young Muslim Entrepreneurs In Palembang City
Authors: Febrianty Febrianty , Divianto Divianto 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the intention of business-fraud on young entrepreneurs in Palembang city. Researchers conducted research development on young-Muslim entrepreneurs as subjects and added the role stress variable and applied TPB Theory. The type of data used in the form of primary data through questionnaires. The analysis of this research used SEM-Analysis. The results of this study were: H1-predicted a positive correlation between attitudes and intention of young-Muslim entrepreneurs to commit business-fraud (accepted). H-2 and H-3 there was rejection because there were more influential variables. H4-predicted there was a positive correlation between the role-stress and intention of young-Muslim entrepreneurs to commit business-fraud (accepted). H5-predicted that attitudes toward behavior, subjective-norms, and perceived-behavioral controls have significant influence on the intention of young Muslim entrepreneurs to commit business-fraud. Potential business young-Muslim entrepreneurs can fraud occur in the business, needs to be improved by effectiveness of internal controls. Keywords: Intention, Business-Fraud, young-Muslim, attitudes, role-stress, subjective-norms, perceived-behavioral controls, TPB
Mobile Phone Utilization for Learning: Physics Teachers' Perception
Authors: Suyatna Agus 
Published: February 2020

The use of mobile phones for learning is still becoming a debate in Indonesia. Many schools forbid their students to bring mobile phones to school. This study was aimed to describe the perceptions of physics teachers in Lampung Province regarding the use of mobile phones to study physics. Data was collected from 39 physics teachers from various districts in Lampung Province. The Likert scale with a range of 1 to 5 was used. Descriptive quantitative data analysis was carried out. The results showed that most teachers agree /strongly agree: (1) to utilize mobile phones in learning physics both inside and outside of the classroom, (2) the tendency of students to use mobile phones make the physics learning process efficient. It could strengthen and improve the quality of the learning process. Almost all physics teachers agree /strongly agree with mobile phones usage, because: (1) it could turn the learning process from teacher-centered into student-centered and from content-oriented learning to process-oriented learning, (2) it could improve efficiency and productivity in the learning process. However, they agreed that the use of mobile phones by students could not replace the teacher's role, so physics teachers needed a more sophisticated concept of cellular learning to be implemented
Attacks on the Random Gamming Code
Authors: Babash A. V. 
Published: February 2020

In 1917, Hilbert Vernam patented a top-secret encryption scheme, which at first was called a one-time notepad and later a Vernam cipher. At the time that Vernam proposed this scheme, there was no evidence that it was completely secret, since, in fact, at that time yet there was no idea what the perfect secret of the cipher was. However, about 25 years later, Claude Shannon introduced the definition of perfect secrecy (perfect cipher) and demonstrated that the random gamming cipher reaches this level of security. Cryptographers believe that there are no effective attacks for attacks of random gamming. In particular, there are no effective attacks for the Vernam cipher.Objective: to justify the fallacy of this proposition to build effective attacks.Methods: analysis of the relationship between the cipher key and the received encrypted text.Results: an attack on the plaintext of a random gamming cipher based on a given encrypted text was developed. In addition, there was a suggestion for another attack on the plaintext contents based on the encrypted text. For all attacks, parameters of their complexity are calculated. These results are new. Previously, an attack on the random gamma code was unavailable. The results disprove the opinion that there are no attacks on this cipher.Practical relevance: firstly, it has become possible to carry out attacks on the random gamming code. Secondly, when using this cipher, it is necessary to strictly limit the length of the message.Discussion: the idea that there is an effective attack on a random gamming cipher arose in 2002, due to the possibility of introducing a similar concept, in which in a definition of the perfect cipher the plaintext is changed for a key. The first idea in creating attacks is that when the key is long its elements are repeated. The second idea is that attacks on two plaintexts are encrypted with one key. And the main idea was that it is necessary to improve the mathematical model of the Shannon code. Therein, when interpreting the concept of the perfect cipher, we should talk about the cipher model perfection.The publication place: in the Yandex search engine a query "Perfect ciphers" resulted in 22 million links, on a query "schemes perfectly secret" there were 43 million links. Yandex on the query "random gamming code" gave 13 million results.
A súplica do aedo Fêmio para não ser degolado (Odisseia 22, 342-53)
Authors: Assunção Teodoro Rennó 
Published: February 2020

Este artigo é uma tentativa (ou ensaio) de uma interpretação mais detida e precisa, por meio da tradução e principalmente do comentário detalhado, do texto grego da súplica do aedo Fêmio para não ser degolado por Odisseu na Odisseia (22, 342-53), levando em conta não apenas um entendimento vocabular e sintático adequado do texto desta súplica em sua básica função discursiva ou retórica, mas também a sua interpretação “literária”, social e religiosa no contexto da Odisseia (mais especificamente) e da Ilíada, com uma atenção particular à palavra autodídaktos (“autodidata” ou “espontâneo”), cuja ocorrência aqui é a única (um hápax) em Homero.
Evaluation of subcutaneous administration of alfaxalone-midazolam and dexmedetomidine-midazolam for sedation of ball pythons (Python regius)
Authors: Yaw Taylor J. , Mans Christoph , Johnson Stephen , Bunke Laura , Doss Grayson A. , Sladky Kurt K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate SC administration of alfaxalone-midazolam and dexmedetomidine-midazolam for sedation of ball pythons (Python regius).

ANIMALS
12 healthy juvenile ball pythons.

PROCEDURES
In a randomized crossover study, each snake was administered a combination of alfaxalone (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb]) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb]) and a combination of dexmedetomidine (0.05 mg/kg [0.023 mg/lb]) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), SC, with a washout period of at least 7 days between protocols. Respiratory and heart rates and various reflexes and behaviors were assessed and compared between protocols. Forty-five minutes after protocol administration, sedation was reversed by SC administration of flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg) alone or in combination with atipamezole (0.5 mg/kg; dexmedetomidine-midazolam protocol only). Because of difficulties with visual assessment of respiratory effort after sedative administration, the experiment was repeated for a subset of 3 ball pythons, with plethysmography used to assess respiration.

RESULTS
Both protocols induced a similar level of moderate sedation with no adverse effects aside from transient apnea. Cardiopulmonary depression was more profound, but time to recovery after reversal was significantly shorter, for the dexmedetomidine-midazolam protocol than for the alfaxalone-midazolam protocol. Plethysmographic findings were consistent with visual observations and suggested that snakes compensated for a decrease in respiratory rate by increasing tidal volume amplitude.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results indicated that both protocols induced clinically relevant sedation in ball pythons and should be useful for minor procedures such as venipuncture and diagnostic imaging. However, caution should be used when sedating snakes with compromised cardiopulmonary function. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020;256:573-579
Analysis of Ballast Water Treatment Technologies on Ships Operating in the Baltic Sea Region
Authors: Kalniņa Renāte , Romule Alise 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe introduction of invasive aquatic species in new environments has been identified as one of the four biggest threats to the world's oceans causing serious threats and harm to both ecology and human health. There is a major exchange of ship’s ballast water over longer distances between continents and regional seas, and it has been known for decades that ballast water transfers organisms to new ecosystems, where the strongest, most aggressive and adaptable species can survive and become invasive under favourable conditions. The focus of the research is to study available ballast water control technologies to determine their suitability and effectiveness in the reduction of harmful aquatic organisms and compounds in the Baltic Sea.