bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress in Undergraduate Students Studying Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Roos Brianne H. , Schreck Janet S. 
Published: November 2019

Today's college students are stressed (
Liu, Stevens, Wong, Yasui, & Chen, 2018
), and stress may impact students' physical (
Doom & Haeffel, 2013
) and mental health (
Baddeley, 2012
;
Liu et al., 2018
).

Purpose
This mixed-methods study used a convergent parallel design to examine the stress experienced by undergraduate students who study communication sciences and disorders (CSD) at a private, Mid-Atlantic university.

Method
Eighty-seven students participated in the quantitative phase involving a survey (50.5% response rate), and 23 students participated in the qualitative phase involving focus groups (13% response rate). Research questions inquired about students' perceived stress levels, factors related to their stress, how they manage their stress, and students' knowledge and use of campus resources for support.

Results
Results suggest that CSD students are stressed, and primary factors related to stress include academic demands, graduate school admission, and financial concerns. Students manage their stress in various ways, including exercise, working hard to finish assignments, calling home, and relying on friends. However, CSD friendships are complicated by the intense competition for graduate seats, leaving students with reduced social support.

Conclusion
Given the complicated nature of CSD friendships, students report the need for increased community and support from CSD faculty.
Expansion of GGC repeat in the human-specific NOTCH2NLC gene is associated with essential tremor
Authors: Sun Qi-Ying , Xu Qian , Tian Yun , Hu Zheng-Mao , Qin Li-Xia , Yang Jin-Xia , Huang Wen , Xue Jin , Li Jin-Chen , Zeng Sheng , Wang Ying , Min Hao-Xuan , Chen Xiao-Yu , Wang Jun-Pu , Xie Bin , Liang Fan , Zhang Hai-Nan , Wang Chun-Yu , Lei Li-Fang , Yan Xin-Xiang , Xu Hong-Wei , Duan Ran-Hui , Xia Kun , Liu Jing-Yu , Jiang Hong , Shen Lu , Guo Ji-Feng , Tang Bei-Sha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders. Despite its high prevalence and heritability, the genetic aetiology of essential tremor remains elusive. Up to now, only a few genes/loci have been identified, but these genes have not been replicated in other essential tremor families or cohorts. Here we report a genetic study in a cohort of 197 Chinese pedigrees clinically diagnosed with essential tremor. Using a comprehensive strategy combining linkage analysis, whole-exome sequencing, long-read whole-genome sequencing, repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction and GC-rich polymerase chain reaction, we identified an abnormal GGC repeat expansion in the 5′ region of the NOTCH2NLC gene that co-segregated with disease in 11 essential tremor families (5.58%) from our cohort. Clinically, probands that had an abnormal GGC repeat expansion were found to have more severe tremor phenotypes, lower activities of daily living ability. Obvious genetic anticipation was also detected in these 11 essential tremor-positive families. These results indicate that abnormal GGC repeat expansion in the 5′ region of NOTCH2NLC gene is associated with essential tremor, and provide strong evidence that essential tremor is a family of diseases with high clinical and genetic heterogeneities.
Tuberculosis Disease in Children and Adolescents on Therapy With Antitumor Necrosis Factor-ɑ Agents: A Collaborative, Multicenter Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet) Study
Authors: Noguera-Julian Antoni , Calzada-Hernández Joan , Brinkmann Folke , Basu Roy Robindra , Bilogortseva Olga , Buettcher Michael , Carvalho Isabel , Chechenyeva Vira , Falcón Lola , Goetzinger Florian , Guerrero-Laleona Carmelo , Hoffmann Peter , Jelusic Marija , Niehues Tim , Ozere Iveta , Shackley Fiona , Suciliene Elena , Welch Steven B , Schölvinck Elisabeth H , Ritz Nicole , Tebruegge Marc 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In adults, anti–tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy is associated with progression of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) to TB disease, but pediatric data are limited.

Methods
Retrospective multicenter study within the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group, capturing patients &lt;18 years who developed TB disease during anti–TNF-α therapy.

Results
Sixty-six tertiary healthcare institutions providing care for children with TB participated. Nineteen cases were identified: Crohn’s disease (n = 8; 42%) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 6; 32%) were the commonest underlying conditions. Immune-based TB screening (tuberculin skin test and/or interferon-γ release assay) was performed in 15 patients before commencing anti–TNF-α therapy but only identified 1 LTBI case; 13 patients were already receiving immunosuppressants at the time of screening. The median interval between starting anti–TNF-α therapy and TB diagnosis was 13.1 (IQR, 7.1–20.3) months. All cases presented with severe disease, predominantly miliary TB (n = 14; 78%). One case was diagnosed postmortem. TB was microbiologically confirmed in 15 cases (79%). The median duration of anti-TB treatment was 50 (IQR, 46–66) weeks. Five of 15 (33%) cases who had completed TB treatment had long-term sequelae.

Conclusions
LTBI screening is frequently false-negative in this patient population, likely due to immunosuppressants impairing test performance. Therefore, patients with immune-mediated diseases should be screened for LTBI at the point of diagnosis, before commencing immunosuppressive medication. Children on anti–TNF-α therapy are prone to severe TB disease and significant long-term morbidity. Those observations underscore the need for robust LTBI screening programs in this high-risk patient population, even in low-TB-prevalence settings.
PIK3CA Mutation in HPV-Associated OPSCC Patients Receiving Deintensified Chemoradiation
Authors: Beaty Brian T , Moon Dominic H , Shen Colette J , Amdur Robert J , Weiss Jared , Grilley-Olson Juneko , Patel Shetal , Zanation Adam , Hackman Trevor G , Thorp Brian , Blumberg Jeffrey M , Patel Samip N , Weissler Mark C , Yarbrough Wendell G , Sheets Nathan C , Parker Joel S , Neil Hayes D , Weck Karen E , Ramkissoon Lori A , Mendenhall William M , Dagan Roi , Tan Xianming , Gupta Gaorav P , Chera Bhishamjit S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
PIK3CA is the most frequently mutated gene in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Prognostic implications of such mutations remain unknown. We sought to elucidate the clinical significance of PIK3CA mutations in HPV-associated OPSCC patients treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT). Seventy-seven patients with HPV-associated OPSCC were enrolled on two phase II clinical trials of deintensified CRT (60 Gy intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concurrent weekly cisplatin). Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed. Of the 77 patients, nine had disease recurrence (two regional, four distant, three regional and distant). Thirty-four patients had mutation(s) identified; 16 had PIK3CA mutations. Patients with wild-type-PIK3CA had statistically significantly higher 3-year disease-free survival than PIK3CA-mutant patients (93.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 85.0% to 99.9% vs 68.8%, 95% CI = 26.7% to 89.8%; P = .004). On multivariate analysis, PIK3CA mutation was the only variable statistically significantly associated with disease recurrence (hazard ratio = 5.71, 95% CI = 1.53 to 21.3; P = .01). PIK3CA mutation is associated with worse disease-free survival in a prospective cohort of newly diagnosed HPV-associated OPSCC patients treated with deintensified CRT.
Long-read sequencing based clinical metagenomics for the detection and confirmation of Pneumocystis jirovecii directly from clinical specimens: A paradigm shift in mycological diagnostics
Authors: Irinyi Laszlo , Hu Yiheng , Hoang Minh Thuy Vi , Pasic Lana , Halliday Catriona , Jayawardena Menuk , Basu Indira , McKinney Wendy , Morris Arthur J , Rathjen John , Stone Eric , Chen Sharon , Sorrell Tania C , Schwessinger Benjamin , Meyer Wieland 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The advent of next generation sequencing technologies has enabled the characterization of the genetic content of entire communities of organisms, including those in clinical specimens, without prior culturing. The MinION from Oxford Nanopore Technologies offers real-time, direct sequencing of long DNA fragments directly from clinical samples. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of unbiased, genome-wide, long-read, shotgun sequencing using MinION to identify Pneumocystis jirovecii directly from respiratory tract specimens and to characterize the associated mycobiome. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a life-threatening fungal disease caused by P. jirovecii. Currently, the diagnosis of PCP relies on direct microscopic or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination of respiratory tract specimens, as P. jirovecii cannot be cultured readily in vitro. P. jirovecii DNA was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and induced sputum (IS) samples from three patients with confirmed PCP. Other fungi present in the associated mycobiome included known human pathogens (Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Pichia) as well as commensal species (Candida, Malassezia, Bipolaris). We have established optimized sample preparation conditions for the generation of high-quality data, curated databases, and data analysis tools, which are key to the application of long-read MinION sequencing leading to a fundamental new approach in fungal diagnostics.
The evolution of galaxy intrinsic alignments in the MassiveBlackII universe
Authors: Bhowmick Aklant K , Chen Yingzhang , Tenneti Ananth , Di Matteo Tiziana , Mandelbaum Rachel 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the redshift evolution of the intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxies in the MassiveBlackII (MBII) simulation. We select galaxy samples above fixed subhalo mass cuts ($M_h\gt 10^{11,12,13}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$) at z = 0.6 and trace their progenitors to z = 3 along their merger trees. Dark matter components of z = 0.6 galaxies are more spherical than their progenitors while stellar matter components tend to be less spherical than their progenitors. The distribution of the galaxy–subhalo misalignment angle peaks at ∼10 deg with a mild increase with time. The evolution of the ellipticity–direction (ED) correlation amplitude ω(r) of galaxies (which quantifies the tendency of galaxies to preferentially point towards surrounding matter overdensities) is governed by the evolution in the alignment of underlying dark matter (DM) subhaloes to the matter density of field, as well as the alignment between galaxies and their DM subhaloes. At scales $\sim 1~\mathrm{Mpc}\, h^{-1}$, the alignment between DM subhaloes and matter overdensity gets suppressed with time, whereas the alignment between galaxies and DM subhaloes is enhanced. These competing tendencies lead to a complex redshift evolution of ω(r) for galaxies at $\sim 1~\mathrm{Mpc}\, h^{-1}$. At scales $\gt 1~\mathrm{Mpc}\, h^{-1}$, alignment between DM subhaloes and matter overdensity does not evolve significantly; the evolution of the galaxy–subhalo misalignment therefore leads to an increase in ω(r) for galaxies by a factor of ∼4 from z = 3 to 0.6 at scales $\gt 1~\mathrm{Mpc}\, h^{-1}$. The balance between competing physical effects is scale dependent, leading to different conclusions at much smaller scales ($\sim 0.1~\mathrm{Mpc}\, h^{-1}$).
First discovery of trans-iron elements in a DAO-type white dwarf (BD−22°3467)
Authors: Löbling L , Maney M A , Rauch T , Quinet P , Gamrath S , Kruk J W , Werner K 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We have identified 484 lines of the trans-iron elements (TIEs) Zn, Ga, Ge, Se, Br, Kr, Sr, Zr, Mo, In, Te, I, Xe, and Ba, for the first time in the ultraviolet spectrum of a DAO-type white dwarf (WD), namely BD−22°3467, surrounded by the ionized nebula Abell 35. Our TIE abundance determination shows extremely high overabundances of up to 5 dex – a similar effect is already known from hot, H-deficient (DO-type) WDs. In contrast to these where a pulse-driven convection zone has enriched the photosphere with TIEs during a final thermal pulse and radiative levitation has established the extreme TIE overabundances, here the extreme TIE overabundances are exclusively driven by radiative levitation on the initial stellar metallicity. The very low mass ($0.533^{+0.040}_{-0.025}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) of BD−22°3467 implies that a third dredge-up with enrichment of s-process elements in the photosphere did not occur in the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) precursor.
The Australian Calciphylaxis Registry: reporting clinical features and outcomes of patients with calciphylaxis
Authors: Ruderman Irene , Toussaint Nigel D , Hawley Carmel M , Krishnasamy Rathika , Pedagogos Eugenia , Lioufas Nicole , Elder Grahame J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Calciphylaxis is a rare disease, predominantly affecting patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to progressive cutaneous calcification, necrotic ulceration and infection. Clinical registries have been established to better understand the risk factors, optimal treatments and disease outcomes of calciphylaxis.

Methods
We established a prospective, Internet-based clinical registry for the online notification of calciphylaxis cases in Australia. Seven institutions participated, with data recorded on patient characteristics, biochemical parameters, treatments and disease outcomes.

Results
Between 2014 and 2019, 47 cases of calciphylaxis were registered. The mean patient age was 66 ± 11 years and body mass index was 35 ± 9 kg/m2, with a higher proportion of females (51%). Eighty-seven percent of patients had end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), with 61% on hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration, with a median dialysis vintage of 4.8 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.7–7.4)] years. Five patients had CKD not requiring dialysis and two were kidney transplant recipients. Diabetes was present in 76% of patients and the cause of ESKD in 60%; 34% received vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) before diagnosis. The median parathyroid hormone level at diagnosis was 32 (IQR 14–50) pmol/L. The most common site of calciphylaxis was the lower limbs (63%), with 19% of patients having more than one area involved. Ten patients (22%) had a resolution of calciphylaxis and 25 died, with 50% mortality at a median of 1.6 (IQR 0.2–2.5) years from diagnosis.

Conclusions
The Australian Calciphylaxis Registry highlights risk factors for calciphylaxis, including diabetes, obesity and VKA use. Resolution of calciphylaxis is uncommon despite multimodal therapy and mortality from calciphylaxis in the first year following diagnosis remains high.
Rapid acquisition of near optimal stopping using Bayesian by-products
Authors: Calder-Travis Joshua , Slade Emma 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrior to any decision, animals (including humans) must stop deliberating. Both accumulating evidence for too little or too long can be costly. In contrast to accounts of decision making, accounts of stopping do not typically claim that animals use Bayesian posteriors. Considering a generic perceptual decision making task we show that, under approximation, only two variables are relevant to the question of when to stop evidence accumulation; time and the maximum posterior probability. We explored the rate at which stopping rules are learned using deep neural networks as model learners. A network which only used time and the maximum posterior probability learned faster than any other network considered. Therefore, such an approach may be highly adaptive, and animals may be able to reuse the same neural machinery they use for decisions for stopping. These results suggest that Bayesian inference may be even more important for animals than previously thought.
Approximating the coalescent under facultative sex
Authors: Hartfield Matthew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenome studies of facultative sexual species, which can either reproduce sexually or asexually, are providing insight into the evolutionary consequences of mixed reproductive modes. It is currently unclear to what extent the evolutionary history of facultative sexuals’ genomes can be approximated by the standard coalescent, and if a coalescent effective population sizeNeexists. Here, I determine if and when these approximations can be made. When sex is frequent (occurring at a frequency much greater than 1/Nper reproduction per generation, forNthe actual population size), the underlying genealogy can be approximated by the standard coalescent, with a coalescentNe≈N. When sex is very rare (at frequency much lower than 1/N), approximations for the pairwise coalescent time can be obtained, which is strongly influenced by the frequencies of sex and mitotic gene conversion, rather thanN. However, these terms do not translate into a coalescentNe. These results are used to discuss the best sampling strategies for investigating the evolutionary history of facultative sexual species.
Tempora: cell trajectory inference using time-series single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Tran Thinh N. , Bader Gary D. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) can map cell types, states and transitions during dynamic biological processes such as development and regeneration. Many trajectory inference methods have been developed to order cells by their progression through a dynamic process. However, when time series data is available, these methods do not consider the available time information when ordering cells and are instead designed to work only on a single scRNAseq data snapshot. We present Tempora, a novel cell trajectory inference method that orders cells using time information from time-series scRNAseq data. In performance comparison tests, Tempora accurately inferred developmental lineages in human skeletal myoblast differentiation and murine cerebral cortex development, beating state of the art methods. Tempora uses biological pathway information to help identify cell type relationships and can identify important time-dependent pathways to help interpret the inferred trajectory. Our results demonstrate the utility of time information to supervise trajectory inference for scRNA-seq based analysis.
Bid/no-bid decision factors for Chinese international contractors in international construction projects
Authors: Li Guanghua , Chen Chuan , Zhang Guomin , Martek Igor 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Factors affecting bid/no-bid decisions of international projects are more complex than those of domestic projects. The purpose of this paper is to identify and rank decision factors considered by variously sized Chinese international contractors (CICs) and categorize those groups of factors important to experienced practitioners.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis of factors identified by a literature review is conducted based on data derived from questionnaire results received from 119 CIC project and bidding managers. The relative importance of factors is measured by mean value and standard deviation. The discrepancy in rank and importance value perceived by variously sized CICs are explored by ranking disparity analysis, non-parametric test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test. Finally, factor analysis is used to categorize the underlying groups of factors considered by CICs.

Findings
In sum, 41 factors are identified through the literature review as having an impact on the bid decision. Significant disparities in ranking and importance are found in several factors, which partially affect the consistency of the ranking of factors perceived between large and small-medium CICs. Ultimately, nine major factors are identified as impacting the bidding decision, with “contractor’s capability” and “country risk of the host country,” being the most important.

Research limitations/implications
The weight of a factor considered in a decision varies across contractors as a function of contractor size. Whether using models or subjective judgment in making decisions, it is beneficial to fully understand the main groups of factors influencing the decision. Vulnerability to country risk emerges as the first criterion accessed in the bid decision.

Originality/value
A comprehensive set of factors is established for CICs, including both general factors common to domestic projects, and international factors unique to international projects. All factors are grouped by inferential analysis from the perspective of contractors, which reveals the underlying mechanism of the bid decision-making process. While the data were collected from CICs, the methodology in exploring factors, along with implications, is determined to be applicable internationally.
Dynamic capabilities in Italian leading SMEs adopting industry 4.0
Authors: Garbellano Salvatore , Da Veiga Maria do Rosário 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on how Industry 4.0 technology transfer has been implemented by leading Italian innovative small, and medium-size companies (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory-descriptive study uses qualitative methods for collecting primary data (interviews and ethnographic observation) and secondary data (surveys, press news and websites).

Findings
The paper contributes to the understanding of what building dynamic capabilities (DC) is, and to clarify pivotal roles, functions and dynamics of the entrepreneur and the executive team.

Research limitations/implications
The results that emerged from the present research unveil a great potential for further development. The study can be confirmed and/or extended by replicating it within other economic contexts such as the European Union allowing then comparative studies amongst regions and countries.

Practical implications
In Italian leading SMEs an “augmented management” emerged. The study shows that digital technologies are enriching not only “what” and “how” management performs its duties but also its role: “orchestration” – a key term in DC theory – has been enhanced by new meanings.

Social implications
The study points out the relevance of an inclusive approach to Industry 4.0 to leverage the collective intelligence of the company.

Originality/value
Implementing Industry 4.0 has required a renewal of the leadership executive team: new young executives coming from other companies and sons/daughters of the entrepreneurs have provided methodologies and commitment to foster the digital transformation.
Decolonising the University: The Origins and Meaning of a Movement
Authors: Pimblott Kerry 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article responds to the contemporary debates in UK higher education about the need to ‘decolonise the curriculum’, with particular attention to the implications for the discipline of history. The author positions these important debates as one outcome of a transnational movement led by students of colour whose grievances reach into and beyond the classroom. The first part of the article examines the origins of this movement identifying some important antecedents as well as the broader political and socio‐economic forces that propelled its rise in 2015. There then follows an examination of the movement's multidimensional critique of the university sector, which includes—but is not limited to—the call to ‘decolonise the curriculum', before considering potential implications for academic workers labouring in the discipline of history.