bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking back, looking forward: Methodological challenges and future directions in research on persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Maes Bea , Nijs Sara , Vandesande Sien , Van keer Ines , Arthur‐Kelly Michael , Dind Juliane , Goldbart Juliet , Petitpierre Geneviève , Van der Putten Annette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWithin the context of the Special Interest Research Group (SIRG) on Persons with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD), researchers often discuss the methodological problems and challenges they are confronted with. The aim of the current article was to give an overview of these challenges.MethodsThe challenges are centred on six topics. These reflect the main components of a study's design: (a) participant demarcation, (b) participant recruitment, (c) data collection and instruments, (d) data analysis, (e) ethics/including the “voice” of persons with PIMD and (f) theoretical models.ResultsNext, to describing the specific challenges, possible solutions and pathways to address them are discussed. These are illustrated by recent studies by the authors and other researchers in the field.ConclusionsThe current contribution wants to stimulate further discussion and exchange of ideas, and the development of creative research techniques.
Behavioural, psychiatric and psychosocial factors associated with aggressive behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and narrative analysis
Authors: van den Akker Natalie , Kroezen Marieke , Wieland Jannelien , Pasma Annelieke , Wolkorte Ria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAggressive behaviour is prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities. To understand the aetiology, it is important to recognize factors associated with the behaviour.MethodA systematic review was conducted and included studies published between January 2002 and April 2017 on the association of behavioural, psychiatric and psychosocial factors with aggressive behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities.ResultsThirty‐eight studies were included that presented associations with 11 behavioural, psychiatric and psychosocial factors. Conflicting evidence was found on the association of these factors with aggressive behaviour.ConclusionsThe aetiology of aggressive behaviour is specific for a certain person in a certain context and may be multifactorial. Additional research is required to identify contributing factors, to understand causal relationships and to increase knowledge on possible interaction effects of different factors.
Intelligence trajectories in adolescents and adults with down syndrome: Cognitively stimulating leisure activities mitigate health and ADL problems
Authors: Lifshitz Hefziba Batya , Bustan Noa , Shnitzer‐Meirovich Shlomit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGoalsThis study examined: (a) crystallized/fluid intelligence trajectories of adolescents and adults with Down syndrome; and (b) the contribution of endogenous (health, activities of daily living—ADL) and exogenous (cognitively stimulating leisure activities) factors on adults’ intelligence with age.MethodFour cohorts (N = 80) with Down syndrome participated: adolescents (ages 16–21) and adults (ages 30–45, 46–60 and 61+). All completed Vocabulary and Similarities (crystallized) and Block Design and Raven (fluid) intelligence tests (WAIS‐IIIHEB, Wechsler, 2001).ResultsThe 30–45 cohort significantly outperformed the 16–21 cohort. Except for Vocabulary, which remained stable, onset of decline was at 40–50. Age‐related declining health and ADL correlated with participants’ lower fluid intelligence, but cognitive leisure activities mitigated this influence.ConclusionsIntelligence development into adulthood supported the continuous trajectory and compensation age theory, rather than accelerated or stable trajectories. Not only endogenous factors but also exogenous factors determined intelligence levels in adults with Down syndrome, supporting cognitive activity theory.
Interglacials are driving speciation and intraspecific differentiation in the cold‐adapted butterfly species group Boloria pales / napaea (Nymphalidae)
Authors: Ehl Stefan , Ehl Sarah , Kramp Katja , Schmitt Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimCold‐adapted species had their largest distribution areas during glacial periods, whereas the subsequent interglacials led to retreats of these taxa into mountain ranges and more northern regions, but existing data are not sufficient for generalizing these range dynamics. To improve our knowledge of the different phylogeographical patterns existing for cold‐adapted species, we examined two closely related butterfly species of the genus Boloria with alpine disjunct and arctic–alpine distribution respectively.LocationEurope: High mountain areas and Scandinavia.TaxaBoloria pales and B. napaea.MethodsWe sequenced two mitochondrial (COI, ND1/trRNA/16S region) and two nuclear genes (wingless and EF‐1α) for 182 B. pales specimens from 37 localities and 60 B. napaea specimens from 12 localities representing the whole distribution area of both species in Europe. We used existing and known calibration points to date the age of the relevant splits.ResultsWhile nuclear DNA showed no genetic structures, the mitochondrial loci revealed 91 haplotypes belonging to three well‐differenced genetic lineages: (a) all samples of B. napaea from the Alps and Scandinavia, (b) the samples of B. pales from the Alps, Carpathians, High Tatra, Pirin Mountains, Dinaric Alps in Montenegro and the Apennines and (c) all samples of B. pales from the Pyrenees. The time estimates for the splits between these three groups range from 1.3 to 0.84 million years ago (mya). The further within‐groups differentiations are not older than 0.32 mya, but reveal a subtle pattern among and within mountain ranges.Main conclusionsAllopatry during the mid‐Pleistocene has led to differentiation into three major genetic groups, each of which possibly representing a separate species today. Especially within the today widespread mountain group (i.e. the pales sensu stricto group), repeated expansion out of their Alpine centre and a number of different peri‐Alpine glacial distribution areas have produced the subtle genetic structure observed over the late Pleistocene. The two other groups also show substructures, but to a lesser degree, hence, calling for a less disrupted distribution pattern during the late Pleistocene. However, the arctic populations of B. napaea are not derived from the same source as the Alpine ones.
The impact of anthropogenic disturbances on the genetic diversity of terrestrial species: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Almeida‐Rocha Juliana M. , Soares Leiza A.S.S. , Andrade Edyla R. , Gaiotto Fernanda A. , Cazetta Eliana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman activities are primarily responsible for habitat loss and changes in natural environments around the world. It has been suggested that populations inhabiting human‐modified landscapes experience reduced gene flow, inbreeding depression, and loss of alleles due to genetic drift. However, empirical evidence shows the contrasting effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the genetic diversity of species. We performed a meta‐analysis of 61 studies that compared the genetic diversity of plant and/or animal populations in disturbed and more preserved areas (316 paired comparisons) to investigate the genetic responses to different disturbance types. There is a negative effect (effect size: −0.45; 95% confidence interval: −0.61, −0.29) of disturbances on genetic diversity, in which the most detrimental effects are caused by the loss of connectivity and forest cover. The methodological approach can explain part of the heterogeneity among the genetic responses detected by primary studies: (a) studies using the number of effective alleles did not detect genetic erosion, while all other indices revealed negative responses to disturbances; and (b) only studies performed with transferred or a combination of transferred and specific microsatellites detected negative responses. The effects on animal populations are more detrimental than in plant populations. Only plant species with a shrub life form, self‐incompatible reproductive systems, and biotic pollination and seed dispersal showed negative responses to disturbances. Despite heterogeneity among studies, there is an overall negative effect of disturbances on genetic diversity, which indicates that remaining populations inhabiting human‐modified landscapes have reduced evolutionary potential and are prone to local extinction.
CYP2J19 mediates carotenoid colour introgression across a natural avian hybrid zone
Authors: Kirschel Alexander N. G. , Nwankwo Emmanuel C. , Pierce Daniel K. , Lukhele Sifiso M. , Moysi Michaella , Ogolowa Bridget O. , Hayes Sophia C. , Monadjem Ara , Brelsford Alan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt has long been of interest to identify the phenotypic traits that mediate reproductive isolation between related species, and more recently, the genes that underpin them. Much work has focused on identifying genes associated with animal colour, with the candidate gene CYP2J19 identified in laboratory studies as the ketolase converting yellow dietary carotenoids to red ketocarotenoids in birds with red pigments. However, evidence that CYP2J19 explains variation between red and yellow feather coloration in wild populations of birds is lacking. Hybrid zones provide the opportunity to identify genes associated with specific traits. Here we investigate genomic regions associated with colour in red‐fronted and yellow‐fronted tinkerbirds across a hybrid zone in southern Africa. We sampled 85 individuals, measuring spectral reflectance of forecrown feathers and scoring colours from photographs, while testing for carotenoid presence with Raman spectroscopy. We performed a genome‐wide association study to identify associations with carotenoid‐based coloration, using double‐digest RAD sequencing aligned to a short‐read whole genome of a Pogoniulus tinkerbird. Admixture mapping using 104,933 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified a region of chromosome 8 that includes CYP2J19 as the only locus with more than two SNPs significantly associated with both crown hue and crown score, while Raman spectra provided evidence of ketocarotenoids in red feathers. Asymmetric backcrossing in the hybrid zone suggests that yellow‐fronted females mate more often with red‐fronted males than vice versa. Female red‐fronted tinkerbirds mating assortatively with red‐crowned males is consistent with the hypothesis that converted carotenoids are an honest signal of quality.
European confederation of medical mycology quality of clinical candidaemia management score: A review of the points based best practice recommendations
Authors: Bal Abhijit M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCandidaemia is associated with high mortality. In the last few years, several guidelines have been published on the management of Candida bloodstream infection. However, adherence to the practice guidelines has been suboptimal. In order to facilitate and objectively measure the adherence to good practice recommendations, a scoring criterion was published by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM). The ECMM Quality (EQUAL) of Clinical Candidaemia Management is an audit tool that comprises of 10 quality indicators. Each quality indicator is allotted between 1 and 3 points. The maximum achievable score is 22 or 19 in patients with or without a central venous catheter, respectively. This paper reviews each of the 10 quality indicators and provides the context for improving quality within the individual domains. The review also suggests areas that are in need of further clarity or areas which merit attention in the future updates of the EQUAL scoring system so that clinicians are able to derive maximum benefit from the audit tool. The EQUAL scoring tool is an important milestone in the quality improvement aspect of the management of candidaemia and contributes to the various components of clinical governance in the management of Candida infection of the bloodstream.
Advances in understanding the role of adiponectin in renal fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhu Xiaoyu , Jiang Lili , Huang Xiu , Zhang Yangyang , Wei Xuejiao , Zhao Xiaoxia , Du Yujun 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRenal fibrosis is characterized by the proliferation of renal intrinsic cells, activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), processes that lead to the progressive loss of renal function. Renal fibrosis is characterized by the proliferation of renal intrinsic cells, activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts, and septal fibrosis is recognized as a marker for the progression of chronic kidney disease, a condition that is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is a significant public health burden. Despite extensive studies, there are no effective treatments for renal fibrosis. Adiponectin (APN) is a protein mainly produced by adipocytes that has anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherosclerotic effects, improves insulin resistance and provides other salutary effects. Recent studies found that APN can inhibit ECM deposition by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and by regulating the TGF‐β, AMPK, MCP‐1 and other signalling pathways. Many recent studies have examined the roles of these pathways in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. In this article, we review the pathogenic mechanism of APN in renal fibrosis and provide a theoretical basis for delaying and blocking renal fibrosis by alteration of APN activity.
Differential exposure to, and potential impact of, unhealthy advertising to children by socio‐economic and ethnic groups: A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Backholer Kathryn , Gupta Adyya , Zorbas Christina , Bennett Rebecca , Huse Oliver , Chung Alexandra , Isaacs Anna , Golds Gabby , Kelly Bridget , Peeters Anna 
Published: October 2020

SummaryChildren's exposure to advertising of unhealthy food and nonalcoholic beverages that are high in saturated fats, salt and/or sugar is extensive and increases children's preferences for, and intake of, targeted products. This systematic review examines the differential potential exposure and impact of unhealthy food advertising to children according to socio‐economic position (SEP) and/or ethnicity. Nine databases (health, business, marketing) and grey literature were searched in November 2019 using terms relating to ‘food or drink’, ‘advertising’ and ‘socioeconomic position or ethnicity’. Studies published since 2007 were included. Article screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa quality scale. Of the 25 articles included, 14 focused on exposure to unhealthy food advertising via television, nine via outdoor mediums and two via multiple mediums. Most studies (n = 19) revealed a higher potential exposure or a greater potential impact of unhealthy food advertising among ethnic minority or lower SEP children. Few studies reported no difference (n = 3) or mixed findings (n = 3). Children from minority and socio‐economically disadvantaged backgrounds are disproportionately exposed to unhealthy food advertising. Regulations to restrict unhealthy food advertising to children should be implemented to improve children's diets and reduce inequities in dietary intake.
Pacemaker‐mediated tachycardia in a dual‐lead CRT‐D: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Monkhouse Christopher , Cambridge Alex , Chow Anthony W.C. , Behar Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 73‐year‐old gentleman with dilated cardiomyopathy, left bundle branch block and a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 20% was implanted with two LV leads in a tri‐ventricular cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D) trial. As a part of the trial he was programmed with fusion‐based CRT therapy with dual LV lead only pacing. The patient presented to local heart failure service 12 years after implant, after a positive response to CRT therapy, with increase in fatigue, shortness of breath and bilateral pitting oedema. The patient sent a remote monitoring transmission that suggested loss of capture on one of the LV leads. This coupled with atrial ectopics was producing a high burden of pacemaker‐mediated tachycardia (PMT) that was not seen when both LV leads had been capturing. What is the mechanism for this? Dual LV‐lead tri‐ventricular leads have been shown to have variable improvements in CRT response but with an increased complexity of implant procedure. This is the first case report of PMT‐induced heart failure exacerbation in a tri‐ventricular device following loss of LV capture of one lead.
Low renal transplantation rates in children with end‐stage kidney disease: A study of barriers in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Pais Priya , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D. , Michael Raj John A. , Dello Strologo Luca , Iyengar Arpana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter 2 decades as a low‐cost transplant centre in India, our rates of kidney transplantation are low compared to the burden of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). We performed this study to identify possible barriers inhibiting paediatric kidney transplant and to assess the outcomes of paediatric ESKD. A retrospective chart review of ESKD patients (2013 ‐ 2018) at a tertiary paediatric nephrology centre was conducted. Medical/non‐medical barriers to transplant were noted. Patient outcomes were classified as “continued treatment,” “lost to follow‐up (LTFU)” or “died.” Of 155 ESKD patients (monthly income 218 USD [146, 365], 94% self‐pay), only 30 (19%) were transplanted (28 living donor). Sixty‐five (42%) were LTFU, 19 (12%) died, and 71 (46%) continued treatment. LTFU/death was associated with greater travel distance (300 km [60, 400] vs 110 km [20, 250] km, P < .0001) and lower monthly income (145 USD [101, 290] vs 290 USD [159, 681], P < .0001). Among those who continued treatment, 41 proceeded to transplant evaluation of whom 13 had no living donor and remained waitlisted for 27 months (15, 30). The remainder (n = 30) did not proceed to transplant due to unresolved medical issues (n = 10) or a lack of parental interest in pursuing transplant (n = 20). Barriers to transplantation in low‐resource setting begin in ESKD. LTFU resulted in withdrawal of care and was associated with low socioeconomic status. Among those who continued treatment, transplant rates were higher but medical challenges and negative attitudes towards transplant and organ donation occurred.
Mechanistic Study of the Peroxyoxalate System in Completely Aqueous Carbonate Buffer
Authors: Augusto Felipe A. , Bartoloni Fernando H. , Pagano Ana Paula E. , Baader Wilhelm J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe peroxyoxalate reaction is one of the most efficient chemiluminescence transformations, with emission quantum yields of up to 50%; additionally, it is widely utilized in analytical and bioanalytical assays. Although the real reason for its extremely high efficiency is still not yet understood, the mechanism of this transformation has been well elucidated in anhydrous medium. Contrarily, only few mechanistic studies have been performed in aqueous media, which would be of great importance for its application in biological systems. We report here our experimental results of the peroxyoxalate reaction in completely aqueous carbonate buffer, using fluorescein as chemiluminescence activator. The kinetics are very fast in the used basic conditions (pH > 9); despite this, reproducible kinetic results were obtained. The reaction proceeds by specific base catalysis, with rate‐limiting attack of hydrogen peroxide anion to the oxalic ester, in competition with ester hydrolysis by hydroxide ion. Emission quantum yields increase with the hydrogen peroxide concentration up to an optimal concentration of 10 mmol L–1. The infinite singlet quantum yield of (5.8 ± 0.2) × 10–7 is much lower than in anhydrous medium; however, it is similar to quantum yields measured before in partially aqueous media.
First report of the sexual stage of the flax pathogen Mycosphaerella linicola in France and its impact on pasmo epidemiology
Authors: Paumier Delphine , Bammé Blandine , Penaud Annette , Valade Romain , Suffert Frédéric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe performed a 3‐year field survey in France to characterize the dynamics of sexual reproduction in Mycosphaerella linicola, the causal agent of pasmo, during the interepidemic period. Cohorts of fruiting bodies were sampled from linseed straw during the autumn and winter and carefully observed, focusing on pseudothecia, asci, and ascospores. A sequence of experimental steps corresponding to Koch's postulates confirmed in July 2014, for the first time in France and continental Europe, the widespread presence of the sexual stage of M. linicola in plant host tissues. The developmental dynamics of pseudothecia on straw, expressed as the change over time in the percentage of mature pseudothecia, was similar in all three years. Pseudothecia appeared in late summer, with peak maturity reached in October. A temporal shift, thought to be due to early autumn rainfall, was highlighted in one of the three years. These observations suggest that sexual reproduction plays a significant role in the epidemiology of pasmo in France. A resurgence of M. linicola infections in spring flax is thought to have occurred in recent years, due to the increase in the area under flax. The presence of the sexual stage of this pathogen probably increased the quantitative impact of residues of winter linseed (used for oil) and flax straw (left on the soil for retting and used for fibres) as an interepidemic “brown bridge”. This case study highlights how certain parts of a disease cycle, in this case the sexual phase, can become crucial due to changes in production conditions.
Customer‐centric regulation: The case of Victorian urban water sector
Authors: Ananda Jayanath , Pawsey Nicholas , Nayeem Tahmid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe growing interest in customer engagement (CE) has triggered a new wave of reforms, particularly in utility regulation. Within the water sector, there has been a shift from a focus on cost‐reflective pricing toward customer‐centric pricing processes designed to identify customer preferences and expectations. The Victorian water sector in Australia offers a unique opportunity to explore the outcomes of these CE trends given the recent first‐time application of a novel Performance, Risk, Engagement, Management, and Outcomes (PREMO) framework. Based on in‐depth interviews with senior industry representatives from a diverse sample of Victorian water utilities, this paper critically analyses the scope, design, and incentive mechanisms that underpin the new regulatory process. Findings indicate that CE has potentially beneficial aspects to both the regulator and the regulated utility, including more transparency in capital projects and a better understanding of customer preferences in service delivery.