bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Entropy and Mutual Information in Gaussian Statistical Field Theory
Authors: Schröfl Markus , Floerchinger Stefan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRelative entropy is a powerful measure of the dissimilarity between two statistical field theories in the continuum. In this work, we study the relative entropy between Gaussian scalar field theories in a finite volume with different masses and boundary conditions. We show that the relative entropy depends crucially on d, the dimension of Euclidean space. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mutual information between two disjoint regions in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

is finite if the two regions are separated by a finite distance and satisfies an area law. We then construct an example of “touching” regions between which the mutual information is infinite. We argue that the properties of mutual information in scalar field theories can be explained by the Markov property of these theories.
Commutative Control Data for Smoothly Locally Trivial Stratified Spaces
Authors: Zimhony Yoav 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor a compact Lie group G and a Hamiltonian G-space M with momentum map $$\mu :M\rightarrow \mathfrak {g}^*$$

μ
:
M
→

g

∗

, we prove that the zero level set $$\mu ^{-1}(0)$$

μ

-
1

(
0
)

and the critical set $$\text {Crit}||{\mu }||^2$$

Crit
|
|
μ
|
|

2

of the norm squared momentum map are neighbourhood smooth weak deformation retracts. This confirms a conjecture by Harada and Karshon, and implies that their localization theorem for Duistermaat-Heckmann distributions applies to these subsets. We construct these smooth weak deformation retractions in three steps. First, we prove that the stratifications of these subsets by orbit types satisfy a local condition stronger than Whitney (B) regularity — smooth local triviality with conical fibers. Then, using this local condition we construct control data in the sense of Mather with additional compatibility properties - tangentiality and commutativity. Finally we use this control data to obtain neighbourhood smooth weak deformation retractions.
Study of cutting force predictability, signal complexity of different end milling CWE stages with different modelling methods
Authors: Xie Hui , Li Guangxian , Longstaff Andrew P. , Fletcher Simon , Ding Songlin , Pan Wencheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCutting force analysis in milling processes is essential for precision metal cutting as it contributes to understanding tool wear, optimising machining performance, and ensuring overall process stability. Numerous research papers have been published to describe modelling techniques that provide high-fidelity predictions, with recent developments highlighting the benefits of combining different methods. However, these approaches are relatively limited in their ability to predict over the wide frequency range needed to describe the tooth passing frequency (TPF) and its harmonics under varying working conditions or stages of cutter-workpiece engagement (CWE). This paper studies the prediction performance of different modelling techniques when considering wide-band noise under varying working conditions. The methods evaluated are the explicitly defined but difficult-to-parameterise Finite Element Method (FEM), Semi-Analytical Solutions (SAS), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which are black-box deep learning methods incorporating time-based information. Since white-box models are still more readily adopted by industry, the paper also introduces a new post-processing model to improve the prediction accuracy of FEM and SAS based upon the Fourier Series of the TPF (FS-TPF). Over the observable range of 0 to 1500 Hz, the cutting force predictability was assessed in both the time and frequency domains using similarity of frequency distribution, Shannon entropy, and Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence. Verification and analysis indicate that the cutting force predictability with FEM at “partial engagement” was the lowest, due to its lack of ability to describe TPF harmonics. In contrast, the LSTM model showed the best prediction performance across all tested working conditions. The new FS-TPF significantly increased FEM’s prediction accuracy by approximately 50% and improved SAS’s performance by 20%. Finally, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is compared to the LSTM, suggesting that both methods are suitable for force prediction without encountering significant accuracy issues across the different stages of CWE. It was found that the key to increasing cutting force predictability to be generally applicable to all milling conditions is the capability to describe TPF harmonics across the different CWE stages in milling processes. The FS-TPF compensation can dramatically enhance the cutting force prediction accuracy of FEM and SAS, while the applied DL-LSTM and DNN models have successfully demonstrated their wide adaptability without requiring additional post-processing.
Microenvironments of black-tip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) provide niche habitats for distinct bacterial communities
Authors: Pogoreutz Claudia , Gore Mauvis , Perna Gabriela , Ormond Rupert , Clarke Christopher R. , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Animal holobionts constitute diverse yet interconnected landscapes of microenvironments that harbor specific bacterial communities with distinct functions. An increasing body of literature suggests a partitioning and distinct functional profiles of bacterial communities across shark microenvironments, which has led to the proposition that beneficial bacterial functions may contribute to shark health. Here, we provide a first assessment of bacterial communities in different microenvironments of black-tip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus), the most abundant reef shark species across the Indo-West Pacific. Collecting samples from 34 sharks from the Amirante Islands, Seychelles, we characterized the corresponding bacterial communities of two external skin locations, within the buccal cavity, and of the cloaca (representing the gut microbiome) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Overall, shark-associated bacterial communities were distinct from seawater, and skin, buccal, and cloaca samples were distinct from each other. Shark cloaca samples and seawater exhibited lower bacterial alpha diversity and richness compared to the other microenvironments. Predicted functional profiles and Linear Discriminant Effect Size analysis suggest potential differences in metabolic pathways present in the different shark-associated bacterial communities and in the seawater. Taxonomy-based functional inference suggests cloaca-associated bacterial communities specialize in the consumption and breakdown of various food items. Taken together, our data suggest distinct bacterial niche habitats within the ‘microbial landscape’ of black-tip reef sharks, as indicated by distinct bacterial communities and their predicted metabolic functions. Future (meta)genomic and functional work will help reveal potential roles of bacteria in the health of their shark hosts.
Effectiveness of intra-oral botulinum toxin injection in comparison to the extra-oral approach on pain and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shabaan Alshaimaa Ahmed , Kassem Islam , Aboulmagd Inass , Amer Islam A. , Shaaban Ahmed , Abd-El-Ghafour” Mohamed “ , Refahee Shaimaa Mohsen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the ultrasound-guided intra-oral and extra-oral transcutaneous injection techniques on the clinical outcome variables in patients with myofascial trigger points within the masseter muscle.

Materials and methods
This prospective randomized trial included 42 patients diagnosed with myofascial pain. Patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups based on the technique of trigger point injection: intraoral and extraoral injection technique groups. Each trigger point was injected with 0.1 ml of botulinum-A toxin guided by ultrasound. Pain intensity, mouth opening, and patient quality of life were monitored six months post-injection.

Results
The pain scores were significantly higher in the extraoral group during all follow-up assessments, whereas the MMO was considerably greater in the intraoral group up to three months of follow-up (p < 0.008). However, the difference in MMO ceased to be statistically non-significant after six months of follow-up (p = 0.927). Additionally, the patient’s quality of life score was significantly higher in the intraoral group compared to the extraoral group (p < 0.001) at both the three- and six-month follow-ups.

Conclusion
The intraoral injection technique might be an effective treatment modality for myofascial trigger points in the masseter muscle. It produces pain relief, increases mouth opening, and enhances the overall quality of life compared to the extraoral injection technique.

Clinical significance
The intraoral injection technique for myofascial trigger points is more effective than the extraoral technique; it reduces the need for additional injections, saves money, and enhances patients’ quality of life.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05673655).
Investigating eye lens composition for stable isotope analysis in fishes: a comparison between Chondrichthyes and Actinopterygii
Authors: Kuntz Jonathon P. , Bell-Tilcock Miranda , Vecchio Julie L. , Wallace Amy A. , Sturrock Anna M. , Perry Sean M. , Kim Sora L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLife history ecology provides a framework for understanding the complex interactions between organisms and their environments but is challenging to resolve for long-lived and migratory species. In fishes, the combination of movement and foraging ecology is predominantly explored with stable isotope analysis (SIA) of accretionary tissues, such as otoliths. An alternative archival tissue validated for SIA in Actinopterygii (i.e., ray-finned fishes) is the proteinaceous eye lens and its growth layers (laminae). Here, we aim to expand the SIA of laminae to include Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes; sharks, skates, rays, sawfish, and chimeras). We observe that urea in the eye lens drives patterns of elemental composition (i.e., C:N ratio) for Chondrichthyes, but the isotopic effect of urea is negligible. Actinopterygian fishes exhibit consistent C:N ratios across eye lenses, while chondrichthyan eye lens laminae C:N ratios decrease from the inner post-apoptotic laminae to outer pre-apoptotic laminae. After confirming the presence of urea in the Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata) eye lens laminae with attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and urea assays, we successfully removed urea from eye lens laminae via three deionized water rinses. Subsequently, the C:N ratios of post-urea extracted Leopard Shark eye lens laminae exhibited similar patterns to actinopterygian fishes. Urea removal from Leopard Shark eye lens laminae increased in δ15N values as expected, but the isotopic effect was within analytical error. Our results indicate the utility of chondrichthyan eye lens laminae as chronological tissues for SIA. However, there are isotopic effects dependent on urea concentrations. This study demonstrates the need for inter-taxa comparison when establishing novel methodologies in SIA.
Exploring the Interpersonal Goals of Autistic and Neurotypical Adolescents Who Bully Others
Authors: Fink Elian , Friedman Samantha , Olthof Tjeert , van der Meijden Sandra , Goossens Frits , Begeer Sander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe current study examined the association between interpersonal social goals (i.e., agentic and communal goals) and bullying behaviour for autistic adolescents (n = 108, Mage = 15.25 years, SD = 1.65) and neurotypical adolescents (n = 592, Mage = 13 years, SD = 0.5). Bullying behaviour was assessed using both self- and peer-reported measures. Agentic and communal social goals were assessed using the child version of the Interpersonal Goal Index. Measurement properties of the Interpersonal Goal Index were first examined, and some features were found to differ across autistic and neurotypical adolescents. Bullying behaviour was associated with agentic goals for neurotypical adolescents whereas communal goals were associated with bullying for autistic adolescents, suggesting a mismatch between social goals and social behaviours for this group. This insight suggests that the dynamics of bullying behaviour differ between neurotypical and autistic adolescents, and highlight the need for the development of autistic-led assessment and support for bullying.
Systematic Integrative Review: Sex Education for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Estruch-García Verónica , Gil-Llario María Dolores , Ruiz-Palomino Estefanía , Fernández-García Olga , Morell-Mengual Vicente , Anastácio Zélia Ferreira Caçador 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require comprehensive sexuality and relationship education (SRE) for healthy sexual development, which refers to the lifelong process of acquiring knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around sexual health that foster well-being and personal fulfillment. In this emerging research field, our aim is to consolidate scientific literature findings and gain a clear understanding of existing gaps. We plan to achieve this by conducting a systematic integrative review, analyzing the development and design process of interventions for individuals with ASD or Developmental Disorder up to February 2023. Furthermore, we place significant emphasis on evaluating the effectiveness of programs for both participants and their families. This comprehensive approach allows us to analyze the overall impact of interventions and provide a more complete understanding of their effectiveness in practical contexts. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on seven databases: ProQuest Dissertation, Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet, ERIC, PsycInfo, and Pubmed. 20 articles met the inclusion criteria (1 randomized controlled trial, 7 mixed methods, and 12 non-randomized). The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), version 2018. Results: The low quality of the studies does not allow us to confirm that the programs are effective in increasing the level of knowledge, although most of the studies reflect positive results that suggest that the participants have benefited from the training received. Conclusions: This review has allowed us to discover the existing deficiencies in this field, as well as to detect how they could be improved.
Ladies project: large database in endometrial cancers for a personalized treatment
Authors: Autorino Rosa , Rinaldi Raffaella Michela , Macchia Gabriella , Boccardi Mariangela , Mihoci Roshanian Inga , Sebastiani Rita , Santo Bianca , Russo Donatella , Ferioli Martina , Benini Anna , Perrucci Elisabetta , Raguso Arcangela , Cossa Sabrina , Matteucci Paolo , Talocco Claudia , Vicenzi Lisa , Trippa Fabio , Draghini Lorena , Augurio Antonietta , Di Guglielmo Fiorella Cristina , Cocuzza Paola , Pistis Francesca , De Felice Francesca , Meregalli Sofia , Bonetto Elisa Maria , Tamburo Maria , Bini Vittorio , Vavassori Andrea , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Aristei Cynthia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare Italian use with current international guidelines and to evaluate oncological outcomes and toxicity patterns of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) for endometrial cancer (EC) in Italian women.

Materials and methods
To conduct a retrospective multicentre Italian study a large database was set up. Inclusion criteria were: accrual between 2010 and 2020, treatment with surgery, post-operative external beam RT (EBRT) and/or interventional radiotherapy (IRT) associated or not with adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncological outcomes, acute and late toxicities were analysed according to RT schedule and risk group.

Results
A total of 1848 patients, from 16 Italian RT centres were enrolled (median age 65 years, range 27–88). All patients received post-operative RT associated with chemotherapy in 31%. Patients were stratified on the basis of standard risk factors (Bosse et al. in Eur J Cancer 51:1742–50, 2015). After merging intermediate and high-intermediate risk classes into one intermediate group and including advanced and oligometastatic disease in the high-risk group, the low-risk group encompassed 124 patients, the intermediate-risk 1140, and the high risk 576. No low-risk patient developed local relapse (LR). Multivariate analysis showed that intermediate risk patients had a 2.5-fold increased risk of LR if treated with IRT alone vs EBRT-IRT boost. RT schedule did not impact significantly on LR in high risk patients. All acute toxicity parameters were highest in patients who received EBRT with simultaneous integrated boost (EBRT-SIB) and lowest in patients who received only IRT (p < 0.0001). Late toxicity was highest patients who received EBRT-SIB and lowest in those who were given EBRT with sequential boost (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
This retrospective study showed that Italian administration of adjuvant RT for EC is in accordance with current international guidelines. IRT alone for low-risk patients and EBRT associated with vaginal IRT remain standard adjuvant approaches for EC.
Factors Associated with Information Needs and Information-Seeking Intention Among People with Cancer Experience in Hong Kong
Authors: Chang Leanne , Fung Timothy K. F. , Leung Ho Man 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInformation is crucial for person-centered cancer care. This study investigated sociodemographic, psychological, and communicative factors associated with perceived information needs and the intention to continue seeking information among individuals with cancer experience in Hong Kong. Data were drawn from the INSIGHTS-Hong Kong (International Studies to Investigate Global Health Information Trends) survey, which included 510 respondents with personal cancer experience or as family members and close friends of those diagnosed with cancer. The findings revealed that 62% of participants perceived knowledge deficits and needed more cancer information, yet only 43% intended to seek additional information. Greater cancer worry, extensive effort in previous information searches, and concerns about information quality were significantly associated with heightened information needs. These results highlight key areas for prioritization in educational and supportive care initiatives to address unmet support needs. Additionally, the intention to seek further information was associated with perceived information needs, cancer severity, subjective norms, and concerns about information usefulness. These findings suggest strategies to enhance supportive care services by addressing unmet information needs through expanding access to credible and clear information, enhancing credibility assessment skills, emphasizing cancer risks, and leveraging support networks for individuals affected by cancer. This study lays the groundwork for future research on cancer information engagement in Hong Kong and other settings.
The origin of patient-derived cancer organoids from pathologically undiagnosed specimen in patients with pancreatobiliary cancers
Authors: Kim Bomi , Park Jiho , Na Hee Young , Park Sinwoo , Jin Jeonghwa , Jung Kwangrok , Lee Jong-Chan , Hwang Jin-Hyeok , Seo Minseok , Kim Jaihwan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Tissue confirmation of pancreatobiliary cancer is often difficult because of the location of the tumor and structure of the surrounding blood vessels. Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) reflect the genomic characteristics of individual cancers. Although diverse attempts to construct PDCOs for various pancreatobiliary cancer models are ongoing, no research results have yet confirmed the possibility of performing a precise diagnosis on PDCOs derived from pathologically negative patient samples.

Methods
We obtained a total of nine samples, including pathologically negative samples, from four patients (three patients with pancreatic cancer and one patient with gallbladder cancer) using different tissue acquisition methods to establish PDCOs (success rate 75%).

Results
We successfully verified whether the constructed PDCOs could represent the tissues of patients with pancreatobiliary cancer at each multi-omics level using tumor panel sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, hematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemical staining. PDCOs from pathologically negative samples showed expression patterns of malignant ductal cell-related biomarkers similar to those of other pathologically positive samples. Furthermore, the expression patterns at the single-cell level in PDCO from patients ultimately diagnosed with gallbladder cancer after surgery were different from those in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Conclusion
Therefore, our study implicated the potential of PDCOs as diagnostic and research tools, including for case involving limited tissue samples. Based on these results, we anticipate that this could be extended to more advanced studies, such as drug sensitivity testing, through large-scale trials in the near future.
Process parameter optimization in polymer powder bed fusion of final part properties in polyphenylene sulfide through design of experiments
Authors: Ho Ian , Bryant Jackson , Chatham Camden , Williams Christopher 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Additive Manufacturing (AM) modality of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers (PBF-LB/P) is an established method for manufacturing semi-crystalline polymers. Like other AM processes, the selection of PBF-LB/P process parameters is critical as it has direct effect on final part properties. While prior research has been predominantly focused on polyamides (e.g., nylon 12), there exists a gap in exploring how process parameters affect higher performance polymers, such as polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). This work aims to explore the effects of PBF-LB/P process parameters on PPS parts printed via PBF-LB/P. While prior PBF-LB/P parameter research primarily relies on evaluating energy input to the system through a single numerical value of energy density, this study investigates the interplay of the print parameters within the energy density equation. To achieve these goals, an analysis was performed on the influence of the laser power, hatch spacing, and beam velocity on ultimate tensile strength (UTS), modulus, and crystallinity of printed parts. A Taguchi L8 array was used in balancing the print parameter combinations allowing for isolation of variance to the specific factors and interactions. Through this approach, print parameter combinations that improved UTS and modulus were identified. Additionally, the study revealed that numerically equivalent energy densities did not lead to equivalent performance, underscoring the significance for including the constitutive process parameters within the energy density equation when establishing process property relationships in printing with PBF-LB/P.