bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization and reclassification of an enzyme previously proposed to be a limonoid UDP‐glucosyltransferase
Authors: Cui Youtian , Allmon Steven D , Siegel Justin B 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA major problem in the orange industry is ‘delayed’ bitterness, which is caused by limonin, a bitter compound developing from its non‐bitter precursor limonoate A‐ring lactone (LARL) during and after extraction of orange juice. The glucosidation of LARL by limonoid UDP‐glucosyltransferase (LGT) to form non‐bitter glycosyl‐limonin during orange maturation has been demonstrated as a natural way to debitter by preventing the formation of limonin.RESULTHere, the debittering potential of heterogeneously expressed glucosyltransferase, maltose‐binding protein (MBP) fused to cuGT from Citrus unishiu Marc (MBP‐cuGT), which was previously regarded as LGT, was evaluated. A liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method was established to determine the concentration of limonin and its derivatives. The protocols to obtain its potential substrates, LARL and limonoate (limonin with both A and D ring open), were also developed. Surprisingly, MBP‐cuGT did not exhibit any detectable effect on limonin degradation when Navel orange juice was used as the substrate; MBP‐cuGT was unable to biotransform either LARL or limonoate as purified substrates. However, it was found that MBP‐cuGT displayed a broad activity spectrum towards flavonoids, confirming that the enzyme produced was active under the conditions evaluated in vitro.CONCLUSIONOur results based on LC–MS demonstrated that cuGT functionality was incorrectly identified. Its active substrates, including various flavonoids but not limonoids, highlight the need for further efforts to identify the enzyme responsible for LGT activity to develop biotechnology‐based approaches for producing orange juice from varietals that traditionally have a delayed bitterness. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of cerium oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles bioaccessibility from radish using SP‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Hayder Maria , Wojcieszek Justyna , Asztemborska Monika , Zhou Ying , Ruzik Lena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe transformation of nanoparticles (NPs) internalized in plant tissues is the human digestive system that can provide a better understanding of the impact of NPs on the human system. The presented methodology was developed to study the bioaccessibility of cerium oxide (CeO2) and copper oxide (CuO) NPs from radish after the in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion using single‐particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP‐ICP‐MS).RESULTSRadish plants were cultivated hydroponically in a growth medium containing: (i) CeO2 NPs and (ii) CuO NPs. Both cerium (Ce) and copper (Cu) were found in all organs of the radish plants after analysis by standalone ICP‐MS. This confirms the bioaccumulation of CeO2 and CuO NPs and the translocation of their Ce and Cu to the aerial parts of the plant. Less Ce (4.095 μg g−1) has been detected in leaves than in roots (1.156 mg g−1) while Cu content in leaves was 5.245 μg g−1 and in roots was 10.41 μg g−1. Analysis of the digestive extracts obtained after the in vitro simulation of gastro (pepsin) and gastrointestinal (pancreatin) digestion showed that Ce has easy access to human system at least by 73%.CONCLUSIONThe size of CeO2 NPs in digestive extracts showed no significant changes. However, the results obtained for CuO NPs digestion were variable and suggested that CuO NPs dissolved during the digestion process. The CuO NPs were observed in roots after the gastrointestinal digestion concluding that CuO NPs recovered after the initial dissolution. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of partial replacement of meat by carrot on physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of fresh turkey sausages: a chemometric approach
Authors: Rocchetti Gabriele , Pateiro Mirian , Campagnol Paulo CB , Barba Francisco J , Tomasevic Igor , Montesano Domenico , Lucini Luigi , Lorenzo Jose M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the modification of physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of fresh turkey sausages manufactured including carrot (Daucus carota L.) as a vegetable source (i.e., 10%, 20% and 30%, w/w).RESULTSThe results were compared with sausages used as controls (i.e., containing 100% turkey meat, w/w). Overall, significant differences were detected for all of the evaluated attributes. The inclusion of 20% and 30% carrot (w/w) in the sausages resulted in a reduction of the lipid content (by 5.42 and 5.26 g/100 g, respectively) and reduced energy value (−7.6%). The color parameters were strongly affected by the inclusion of carrot, recording a significant increase in both redness and yellowness. A reduction of Na content (−47.4% on average) was also observed when experimental carrot sausages were compared with control sausages. Interestingly, a significant reduction in the n‐6/n‐3 fatty acids ratio was also detected. A multivariate orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) applied to the parameters studied here suggested that the inclusion of carrot provided completely different nutritional and physicochemical profiles, with color parameters possessing the highest discrimination potential.CONCLUSIONIncluding carrot in turkey sausages could represent a valuable tool to design healthier meat products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Development and quality evaluation of banana‐rice‐bean porridge as weaning food for older infants and young children
Authors: Borbi Makafui A. , Dolan Kirk D. , Siddiq Muhammad , Hooper Sharon , Sami Abdul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong low‐income families in developing countries, foods fed to infants and young children are rich in carbohydrates but limiting in protein and important micronutrients. Our objective was to develop a high‐protein weaning food (porridge), with enhanced nutritional contents and acceptable sensory attributes. Cooked light red kidney beans and brown rice and semi‐ripe Cavendish bananas were air‐dried (60°C, 8–16 hr) and milled into flours to formulate seven banana‐rice‐bean (BRB) porridge premixes; 80:10:10, 70:10:20, 70:20:10, 60:25:15, 55:20:25, 50:30:20, and 45:40:15 BRBs, respectively. The premixes were analyzed for nutritional (protein, dietary fiber, resistant starch, minerals) and physical properties (moisture, color, density, water solubility, oil and water absorption capacity). Four prepared porridges were evaluated for selected sensory attributes by 31 African/Asian mothers. All BRB porridge premixes met the World Health Organization recommended levels of protein for complementary foods (5.70–8.52 g/100 g). Resistant starch and dietary fiber contents were 6.35–9.21 and 10.1–11.82 g/100 g, respectively. The oligosaccharide (raffinose, stachyose) ranged from 0.19 to 0.46 mg/g and 3.49–6.27 mg/g, respectively. The Tristimulus color values showed a mixed trend, with significant differences among porridges for CIE L*and a* values and Hue angle, whereas no differences were observed for CIE b* value and Chroma. The sensory quality of all prepared porridges was shown to be acceptable, with scores of 6.5–7.1, on a 9‐point Hedonic scale. Twenty‐nine panelists indicated that they would feed BRB porridge to a child under 5 years old. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the BRB porridge could be used as a nutritious weaning food.
Temperature Window for Encapsulation of an Enzyme into Thermally Shrunk, CaCO3 Templated Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsules
Authors: Van der Meeren Louis , Li Jie , Konrad Manfred , Skirtach Andre G. , Volodkin Dmitry , Parakhonskiy Bogdan V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEncapsulation of enzymes allows to preserve their biological activities in various environmental conditions, such as exposure to elevated temperature or to proteases. This is particularly relevant for in vivo applications, where proteases represent a severe obstacle to maintaining the activity of enzymes. Polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules are suitable for enzyme encapsulation, where CaCO3 particles and temperature‐dependent capsule formation are the best templates and the most adequate method, respectively. In this work, these two areas are combined and, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), which is a robust and therapeutically relevant enzyme, is encapsulated into thermally shrunk polyelectrolyte multilayer (PDADMAC/PSS)4 capsules templated on calcium carbonate particles (original average diameter: ≈3.5 µm). The activity of the encapsulated enzyme and the optimal temperature range for encapsulation are investigated. The enzymatic activity is almost four times higher upon encapsulation when the temperature range for encapsulation is situated just above the glass transition temperature (40 °C), while its optimal conditions are dictated, on the one hand, by the enzyme activity (better at lower temperatures) and, on the other hand, by the size and mechanical properties of capsules (better at higher temperatures).
Hot corrosion studies of a salt‐coated Ni‐based superalloy under flowing wet air and sulfur vapor ambient
Authors: Liu Hongfei , Chen Shuting , Tan Dennis C. C. , Lee Coryl J. J. , Yao Kui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCorrosion of a salt‐coated Ni‐superalloy has been studied at 900°C under a wet air and sulfur vapor ambient. The corrosion thickness, after an incubation of ~60 hr, linearly increases with the corrosion time t and the onset of surface spallation occurred at t ≈ 60 hr. The corroded layer consists of a corrosion front dominated by Cr3S4 scales and linear precipitate structures, an inner corrosion layer dominated by Ni3S2 and NiO, and an outer corrosion layer dominated by Al2O3 networks surrounding the Ni3S2 and/or NiO scale structures. The corrosion mechanism is discussed based on the coexistence of H2O, sulfur, and oxygen.
Physicochemical studies of mild steel corrosion and atmospheric corrosivity mapping of Karachi: An important harbor city of modern Maritime Silk Route
Authors: Zafar Faiza , Bano Humaira , Mahmood Azhar , Corvo Francisco , Rodriguez Joelis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper has reported physicochemical features of mild steel's corrosion products and provided atmospheric corrosivity maps of Karachi harbor city, drafted on the basis of spatial distribution of corrosion data from July 2018 to June 2019 at 10 different urban, industrial, and marine test sites. Exposure tests have been performed to study atmospheric corrosivity, corrosion products, and corrodants including chloride, sulfur dioxide, time of wetness (TOW), and corrosion rate as per ISO and ASTM standards. Scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction have corroborated the presence of lepidocrocite, goethite, magnetite, and quartz phases at almost all the test sites, with slight variations in their morphologies and quantities. The data analysis has revealed that TOW is a major detrimental factor to accelerate corrosion of mild steel at Karachi city. The corrosivity category of all urban and marine test sites is found in C4–C5 range, whereas for industrial test sites, it is found in C3–C5 range. Resultant corrosivity maps have shown that the prevailing atmosphere is significantly corrosive at Karachi harbor city. This study has furnished a novel product of atmospheric corrosivity map, which is the first‐ever corrosivity map for Pakistan.
Identification and functional characterization of NAD(P)+‐dependent meso‐diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Numidum massiliense
Authors: Akita Hironaga , Nakamichi Yusuke , Morita Tomotake , Matsushika Akinori 
Published: June 2020

Abstractmeso‐Diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (meso‐DAPDH) catalyzes the reversible NADP+‐dependent oxidative deamination of meso‐2,6‐diaminopimelate (meso‐DAP) to produce l‐2‐amino‐6‐oxopimelate. Moreover, d‐amino acid dehydrogenase (d‐AADHs) derived from protein‐engineered meso‐DAPDH is useful for one‐step synthesis of d‐amino acids with high optical purity. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a novel NAD(P)+‐dependent meso‐DAPDH from Numidum massiliense (NmDAPDH). After the gene encoding the putative NmDAPDH was expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli cells, the enzyme was purified 4.0‐fold to homogeneity from the crude extract through five purification steps. Although the previously known meso‐DAPDHs use only NADP+ as a coenzyme, NmDAPDH was able to use both NADP+ and NAD+ as coenzymes. When NADP+ was used as a coenzyme, NmDAPDH exhibited an approximately 2 times higher kcat/Km value toward meso‐DAP than that of meso‐DAPDH from Symbiobacterium thermophilum (StDAPDH). NmDAPDH also catalyzed the reductive amination of corresponding 2‐oxo acids to produce acidic d‐amino acids such as d‐aspartate and d‐glutamate. The optimum pH and temperature for the oxidative deamination of meso‐DAP were about 10.5 and 75°C, respectively. Like StDAPDH, NmDAPDH exhibited high stability: it retained more than 75% of its activity after 30 min at 60°C (pH 7.2) or at pHs ranging from 5.5 to 13.0 (50°C). Alignment of the amino acid sequences of NmDAPDH and the known meso‐DAPDHs suggested NmDAPDH has a hexameric structure. Given its specificity for both NADP+ and NAD+, high stability, and a broad range of reductive amination activity toward 2‐oxo acids, NmDAPDH appears to offer advantages for engineering a more effective d‐AADH.
Is viral E6 oncoprotein a viable target? A critical analysis in the context of cervical cancer
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Rathi Ekta , Hariharapura Raghu Chandrashekar , Kini Suvarna G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn understanding of the pathology of cervical cancer (CC) mediated by E6/E7 oncoproteins of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) was developed by late 80's. But if we look at the present scenario, not a single drug could be developed to inhibit these oncoproteins and in turn, be used specifically for the treatment of CC. The readers are advised not to presume the “viability of E6 protein” as mentioned in the title relates to just druggability of E6. The viability aspect will cover almost everything a researcher should know to develop E6 inhibitors until the preclinical stage. Herein, we have analysed the achievements and shortcomings of the scientific community in the last four decades in targeting HPV E6 against CC. Role of all HPV proteins has been briefly described for better perspective with a little detailed discussion of the role of E6. We have reviewed the articles from 1985 onward, reporting in vitro inhibition of E6. Recently, many computational studies have reported potent E6 inhibitors and these have also been reviewed. Subsequently, a critical analysis has been reported to cover the in vitro assay protocols and in vivo models to develop E6 inhibitors. A paragraph has been devoted to the role of public policy to fight CC employing vaccines and whether the vaccine against HPV has quenched the zeal to develop drugs against it. The review concludes with the challenges and the way forward.
Automatic multi‐catheter detection using deeply supervised convolutional neural network in MRI‐guided HDR prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Dai Xianjin , Lei Yang , Zhang Yupei , Qiu Richard L.J. , Wang Tonghe , Dresser Sean A. , Curran Walter J. , Patel Pretesh , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2020

PurposeHigh‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy is an established technique to be used as monotherapy option or focal boost in conjunction with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for treating prostate cancer. Radiation source path reconstruction is a critical procedure in HDR treatment planning. Manually identifying the source path is labor intensive and time inefficient. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a valuable imaging modality for image‐guided HDR prostate brachytherapy due to its superb soft‐tissue contrast for target delineation and normal tissue contouring. The purpose of this study is to investigate a deep‐learning‐based method to automatically reconstruct multiple catheters in MRI for prostate cancer HDR brachytherapy treatment planning.MethodsAttention gated U‐Net incorporated with total variation (TV) regularization model was developed for multi‐catheter segmentation in MRI. The attention gates were used to improve the accuracy of identifying small catheter points, while TV regularization was adopted to encode the natural spatial continuity of catheters into the model. The model was trained using the binary catheter annotation images offered by experienced physicists as ground truth paired with original MRI images. After the network was trained, MR images of a new prostate cancer patient receiving HDR brachytherapy were fed into the model to predict the locations and shapes of all the catheters. Quantitative assessments of our proposed method were based on catheter shaft and tip errors compared to the ground truth.ResultsOur method detected 299 catheters from 20 patients receiving HDR prostate brachytherapy with a catheter tip error of 0.37 ± 1.68 mm and a catheter shaft error of 0.93 ± 0.50 mm. For detection of catheter tips, our method resulted in 87% of the catheter tips within an error of less than ± 2.0 mm, and more than 71% of the tips can be localized within an absolute error of no >1.0 mm. For catheter shaft localization, 97% of catheters were detected with an error of <2.0 mm, while 63% were within 1.0 mm.ConclusionsIn this study, we proposed a novel multi‐catheter detection method to precisely localize the tips and shafts of catheters in three‐dimensional MRI images of HDR prostate brachytherapy. It paves the way for elevating the quality and outcome of MRI‐guided HDR prostate brachytherapy.
The association between frailty and detrusor overactivity in older adults
Authors: Song Sikai , Jin Chengshi , Kamal Puneet , Suskind Anne M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between frailty, age, and detrusor overactivity (DO) in older adults presenting to an academic urology practice.Materials and MethodsThis study uses the University of California, San Francisco Geriatric Urology Database to examine all adults ages ≥65 years who underwent urodynamic testing from December 2015 to April 2019. All subjects had a timed up and go test (TUGT) as a measure of frailty and were categorized as fast (≤10 seconds), intermediate (11‐14 seconds), or slow (≥15 seconds), corresponding to not frail, pre‐frail, and frail, respectively. Urodynamic studies were reviewed for the presence of DO. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between frailty, age, and the presence of DO.ResultsIn total, 549 older adults underwent urodynamics during the study period, and 48.5% had a study that demonstrated DO. Individuals with DO tended to be older (18.4% vs 11.0% were ≥80 years; P = .01) and more frail (19.5% vs 13.4% with TUGT ≥5 seconds; P < .01). Multivariate regression demonstrated that DO was associated with both pre‐frail and frail TUGT times (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3‐3.4; P < .01 for TUGT 11‐14 seconds, and aOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1‐4.0; P = .02 for TUGT ≥15 seconds). Age was not found to be significantly associated with DO (P's > .05).ConclusionsFrailty, not age, is associated with DO among older adults undergoing urodynamics. Further research on the role of frailty in the evaluation and management of older adults with DO is warranted to best serve the needs of this population.
Analytical and numerical approaches to nerve impulse model of fractional‐order
Authors: Yavuz Mehmet , Yokus Asıf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider a fractional‐order nerve impulse model which is known as FitzHugh–Nagumo (F–N) model in this paper. Knowing the solutions of this model allows the management of the nerve impulses process. Especially, considering this model as fractional‐order ensures to be able to analyze in detail because of the memory effect. In this context, first, we use an analytical solution and with the aim of this solution, we obtain numerical solutions by using two numerical schemes. Then, we demonstrate the walking wave‐type solutions of the stated problem. These solutions include complex trigonometric functions, complex hyperbolic functions, and algebraic functions. In addition, the linear stability analysis is performed and the absolute error is occurred by comparing the numerical results with the analytical result. All of the results are depicted by tables and figures. This paper not only points out the exact and numerical solutions of the model but also compares the differences and the similarities of the stated solution methods. Therefore, the results of this paper are important and useful for either neuroscientists and physicists or mathematicians and engineers.
Argon self‐organized striation plasmas under kPa pressure level
Authors: Zhu Hailong , Yao Wenxiu , Li Zhixuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper reports a study on self–organized striation plasmas generated under kPa pressure level. It focuses especially on the characteristics of argon striation plasmas, the role of metastable atoms on the generation of striation argon plasmas, and the effect of addition of gas species to the argon striation plasmas. Under our discharge conditions, the generation of argon striation plasmas is related to ionization instability, which is caused by the step‐wise ionization, deviation of the distribution from Maxwellian electron energy distribution, and inhomogeneous gas heating. Nitrogen can effectively quench the argon metastable atoms; therefore, it significantly affects the formation of striation plasma.
Incorporation of Boron in Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Reduces Inflammatory Response and Delays Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Zheng Kai , Fan Yuqian , Torre Elisa , Balasubramanian Preethi , Taccardi Nicola , Cassinelli Clara , Morra Marco , Iviglia Giorgio , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBG) are multifunctional building blocks for tissue regeneration and nanomedicine applications. Incorporation of biologically active ions can endow MBG with additional functionalities toward promoted therapeutic effects. Here, boron is incorporated into MBG by using a sol–gel approach. The concentration of boron incorporated is controllable by tuning the amount of boron precursor. Two types of boron‐doped MBG, namely 10B‐ and 15B‐MBG (5.8 and 6.5 mol% of B2O3, respectively) are synthesized. Boron incorporation does not significantly influence the particle morphology. All synthesized particles exhibit a sphere‐like shape with a size ranging from 100 to 300 nm. 10B‐ and 15B‐MBG show large specific surface area (346 and 320 m² g−1, respectively) and pore volume. Both boron‐doped MBG exhibit remarkable in vitro bioactivity and noncytotoxicity. Boron incorporation is shown to reduce the inflammatory response linked to macrophages as indicated by downregulated expression of pro‐inflammatory genes. However, boron incorporation delays the osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts as indicated by the downregulated expression of pro‐osteogenic genes. The results demonstrate the promising potential of using boron‐doped MBG to modulate inflammatory response for bone regeneration under inflammatory conditions, as shown in this study for the first time.