bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Mechanisms of Landscape Change on White‐Tailed Deer Populations
Authors: Laurent Maud , Dickie Melanie , Becker Marcus , Serrouya Robert , Boutin Stan 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how landscape change influences the distribution and densities of species, and the consequences of these changes, is a central question in modern ecology. The distribution of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is expanding across North America, and in some areas, this pattern has led to an increase in predators and consequently higher predation rates on woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)—an alternate prey species that is declining across western Canada. Understanding the factors influencing deer distribution has therefore become important for effective conservation of caribou in Canada. Changing climate and anthropogenic landscape alteration are hypothesized to facilitate white‐tailed deer expansion. Yet, climate and habitat alteration are spatiotemporally correlated, making these factors difficult to isolate. Our study evaluates the relative effects of snow conditions and human‐modified habitat (habitat alteration) across space on white‐tailed deer presence and relative density. We modeled deer response to snow depth and anthropogenic habitat alteration across a large latitudinal gradient (49° to 60°) in Alberta, Canada, using motion‐sensitive camera data collected in winter and spring from 2015 to 2019. Deer distribution in winter and spring were best explained by models including both snow depth and habitat alteration. Sites with shallower snow had higher deer presence regardless of latitude. Increased habitat alteration increased deer presence in the northern portion of the study area only. Winter deer density was best explained by snow depth only, whereas spring density was best explained by both habitat alteration and the previous winter's snow depth. Our results suggest that limiting future habitat alteration or restoring habitat can alter deer distribution, thereby potentially slowing or reversing expansion, but that climate plays a significant role beyond what managers can influence. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Rate constants for the reactions of F atoms with H2and D2over the temperature range 220‐960 K
Authors: Bedjanian Yuri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions of F atoms with hydrogen and deuterium has been studied in a discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer at nearly 2 Torr total pressure of helium and in the temperature range 220‐960 K. The rate constant of the reaction F + H2 → HF + H (1) was determined using both relative rate method (using reaction F + Br2as a reference) and absolute measurements, monitoring the kinetics of F atom consumption in excess of H2:k1 = (1.24 ± 0.09) × 10−10exp(−(507 ± 23)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The rate constant of the reaction F + D2 → DF + D (2) was measured under pseudo‐first‐order conditions in excess of D2over F atoms:k2 = (8.47 ± 0.42) × 10−11exp(−(670 ± 16)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1(the uncertainties on bothk1andk2represent precision at the 2σlevel, the estimated total uncertainty on the rate constants being 15% at all temperatures). The kinetic isotope effect measured independently,k1/k2 = (1.58 ± 0.05) × exp((131 ± 2)/T), was found to be in excellent agreement (within 7% in the temperature range of the work,T = 220‐960 K) with the ratio ofk1tok2calculated with the Arrhenius expressions fork1andk2determined in the study. The kinetic data from the present work are discussed in comparison with previous measurements and theoretical calculations.
Analysis of the Curative Effect of Alexandrite Laser in the Treatment of Venous Lake of Lips
Authors: Wang Zhihan , Ke Chen , Yang Ming , Lai Min , Qi Nian , Ke Youhui 
Published: November 2020

Background and ObjectivesLaser is being widely used in clinical treatment nowadays, including 755 nm Alexandrite laser [1,2]. This study was conducted to examine the clinical outcome of long‐pulse 755 nm Alexandrite laser in the treatment of venous lake of the lip.Study Design/Materials and MethodsForty‐one patients (2015–2019) were reviewed. The clinical outcomes were assessed 1 month after the treatment. The efficacy of the treatment was classified into four categories: basic recovery (most optimal outcome), effective, improvement, and ineffective (least favorable outcome). Adverse reactions were also recorded.ResultsThirty‐three (80.49%) patients achieved basic recovery and 8 (19.51%) were effective; 29 (70.73%) recovered after receiving one treatment, 3 (7.32%) recovered after receiving two treatments, and 1 (2.44%) recovered after three treatments.ConclusionLong‐pulse 755 nm Alexandrite laser is an effective treatment for the venous lake of the lip. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Evaluation of major historical ICR cell designs using electric field simulations
Authors: Nikolaev Evgeny , Lioznov Anton 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ions are detected by measuring image current induced in the detecting electrodes by trapped ions rotating in a magnetic field at their cyclotron frequencies. The ion trap used for this purpose is called the Penning trap. It can have various configurations of electrodes that are used to create a trapping electric field, to excite cyclotron motion, and to detect the induced signal. The evolution of this type of mass spectrometry is mainly driven by progress in the technology of superconducting magnets and in the constantly improved design of the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) measuring cell. In this review, we focus on ICR cell designs. We consider that the driving forces of this evolution are the desire to increase resolution, mass accuracy and dynamic range, as well as to adapt new methods for creating and trapping ions.
Evaluating and minimizing batch effects in metabolomics
Authors: Han Wei , Li Liang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDetermining metabolomic differences among samples of different phenotypes is a critical component of metabolomics research. With the rapid advances in analytical tools such as ultrahigh‐resolution chromatography and mass spectrometry, an increasing number of metabolites can now be profiled with high quantification accuracy. The increased detectability and accuracy raise the level of stringiness required to reduce or control any experimental artifacts that can interfere with the measurement of phenotype‐related metabolome changes. One of the artifacts is the batch effect that can be caused by multiple sources. In this review, we discuss the origins of batch effects, approaches to detect interbatch variations, and methods to correct unwanted data variability due to batch effects. We recognize that minimizing batch effects is currently an active research area, yet a very challenging task from both experimental and data processing perspectives. Thus, we try to be critical in describing the performance of a reported method with the hope of stimulating further studies for improving existing methods or developing new methods.
Mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of thyroid disease and in the study of thyroid hormone metabolism
Authors: Borsò Marco , Agretti Patrizia , Zucchi Riccardo , Saba Alessandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe importance of thyroid hormones in the regulation of development, growth, and energy metabolism is well known. Over the last decades, mass spectrometry has been extensively used to investigate thyroid hormone metabolism and to discover and characterize new molecules involved in thyroid hormones production, such as thyrotropin‐releasing hormone. In the earlier period, the quantification methods, usually based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, were complicated and time consuming. They were mainly focused on basic research, and were not suitable for clinical diagnostics on a routine basis. The development of the modern mass spectrometers, mainly coupled to liquid chromatography, enabled simpler sample preparation procedures, and the accurate quantification of thyroid hormones, of their precursors, and of their metabolites in biological fluids, tissues, and cells became feasible. Nowadays, molecules of physiological and pathological interest can be assayed also for diagnostic purposes on a routine basis, and mass spectrometry is slowly entering the clinical laboratory. This review takes stock of the advancements in the field of thyroid metabolism that were carried out with mass spectrometry, with special focus on the use of this technique for the quantification of molecules involved in thyroid diseases.
Bacterioplankton response to nitrogen and dissolved organic matter produced from salmon mucus
Authors: Molina Verónica , Fernández Camila 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAquaculture releases organic matter to the water column through excretion, fecal pellets, and uneaten food, but also by the continuous release of fish epithelium mucus. The effect of the latter on natural bacterial assemblages was determined using ammonium amended experiments at Puyuhuapi fjord in Chilean Patagonia. Mucus was added to seawater coming from 2 and 100 m depth and ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), picoplankton abundance, and active composition (i‐tag 16S rRNA) were followed for 24 h. The results showed a significant response from the microbial community but only at surface depth after 2 and 6 h of incubation. A reduction of DOC and ammonium concentration and accumulation of nitrite and nitrate over time was observed, mainly at 100 m. Changes in the composition of active bacteria between treatments were observed at different taxonomic levels, associated with Alphaproteobacteria (Clade SAR11), Bacteroidetes (Polaribacter) and Gammaproteobacteria (Colwellia, Oceaniserpentilla) and other bacteria such as Nitrospina sp, a nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria at some hours during the incubation. Fish pathogens, such as Vibrio and Piscirickettsia were rare (<0.02%). Overall, our study suggests that fish mucus can cause rapid modifications in microbial assemblages and stimulate organic matter and nutrient cycling, including heterotrophic and autotrophic (nitrification) in areas influenced by aquaculture.
A miniaturized ultra‐wideband antenna using “modified” rectangular patch with rejection in WiMAX and WLAN bands
Authors: Garg Rahul Kumar , Nair Maroor Vikraman Deepak , Singhal Sarthak , Tomar Raghuvir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new miniaturized ultra‐wideband antenna with sufficient dual‐band rejection in WiMAX and WLAN bands is reported. The antenna uses the conventional rectangular patch radiator with built‐in sectorial and Inverted‐U slots to achieve the required dual‐band rejections. A coplanar waveguide feed line has been used to achieve the ultra‐wideband operation. The design has been implemented on 1.6 mm thick FR‐4 substrate. The design size is 20 × 26 mm2 (0.16 λL × 0.208 λL in terms of wavelength). An impedance bandwidth of 2.4 GHz to 10.5 GHz has been achieved. Pass‐band gain of 7 dBi and stop‐band gain of −4 dBi have been achieved. Experimental results agree well with simulated results.
Assessment of DNA damage with an adapted independent reaction time approach implemented in Geant4‐DNA for the simulation of diffusion‐controlled reactions between radio‐induced reactive species and a chromatin fiber
Authors: Tran Hoang Ngoc , Ramos‐Méndez José , Shin Wook‐Geun , Perrot Yann , Faddegon Bruce , Okada Shogo , Karamitros Mathieu , Davídková Marie , Štěpán Václav , Incerti Sébastien , Villagrasa Carmen 
Published: November 2020

PurposeSimulation of indirect damage originating from the attack of free radical species produced by ionizing radiation on biological molecules based on the independent pair approximation is investigated in this work. In addition, a new approach, relying on the independent pair approximation that is at the origin of the independent reaction time (IRT) method, is proposed in the chemical stage of Geant4‐DNA.MethodsThis new approach has been designed to respect the current Geant4‐DNA chemistry framework while proposing a variant IRT method. Based on the synchronous algorithm, this implementation allows us to access the information concerning the position of radicals and may make it more convenient for biological damage simulations. Estimates of the evolution of free species as well as biological hits in a segment of DNA chromatin fiber in Geant4‐DNA were compared for the dynamic time step approach of the step‐by‐step (SBS) method, currently used in Geant4‐DNA, and this newly implemented IRT.ResultsResults show a gain in computation time of a factor of 30 for high LET particle tracks with a better than 10% agreement on the number of DNA hits between the value obtained with the IRT method as implemented in this work and the SBS method currently available in Geant4‐DNA.ConclusionOffering in Geant4‐DNA more efficient methods for the chemical step based on the IRT method is a task in progress. For the calculation of biological damage, information on the position of chemical species is a crucial point. This can be achieved using the method presented in this paper.
Robust water–fat separation based on deep learning model exploring multi‐echo nature of mGRE
Authors: Liu Kewen , Li Xiaojun , Li Zhao , Chen Yalei , Xiong Hongxia , Chen Fang , Bao Qinjia , Liu Chaoyang 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo design a new deep learning network for fast and accurate water–fat separation by exploring the correlations between multiple echoes in multi‐echo gradient‐recalled echo (mGRE) sequence and evaluate the generalization capabilities of the network for different echo times, field inhomogeneities, and imaging regions.MethodsA new multi‐echo bidirectional convolutional residual network (MEBCRN) was designed to separate water and fat images in a fast and accurate manner for the mGRE data. This new MEBCRN network contains 2 main modules, the first 1 is the feature extraction module, which learns the correlations between consecutive echoes, and the other one is the water–fat separation module that processes the feature information extracted from the feature extraction module. The multi‐layer feature fusion (MLFF) mechanism and residual structure were adopted in the water–fat separation module to increase separation accuracy and robustness. Moreover, we trained the network using in vivo abdomen images and tested it on the abdomen, knee, and wrist images.ResultsThe results showed that the proposed network could separate water and fat images accurately. The comparison of the proposed network and other deep learning methods shows the advantage in both quantitative metrics and robustness for different TEs, field inhomogeneities, and images acquired for various imaging regions.ConclusionThe proposed network could learn the correlations between consecutive echoes and separate water and fat images effectively. The deep learning method has certain generalization capabilities for TEs and field inhomogeneity. Although the network was trained only in vivo abdomen images, it could be applied for different imaging regions.
Liked on Facebook, liked for real?: Nonprofits' online popularity and financial performance
Authors: Lee Young‐Joo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the increasing strategic importance of online popularity, there remain uncertainties about the direct link between nonprofits' online popularity and organizational outcomes and performance. This study examines the relationship between the number of “likes” on a nonprofit arts organization's Facebook page and its financial performance, focusing on how online popularity may reduce the information asymmetry between an organization and its stakeholders. The results show a positive correlation between the number of “likes” and nonprofits' charitable contributions and earned income while controlling for various organizational characteristics, including size. The findings also reveal that the correlation is twice as strong for earned income as for donations.
Factors related to mammography adherence among women in Brazil: A scoping review
Authors: Moreira Camila Brasil , Dahinten V. Susan , Howard A. Fuchsia , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho , Schirmer Janine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo explore and synthesize the literature on factors related to mammography screening adherence among women in Brazil.DesignA scoping review.MethodsWe searched 11 databases for studies published between 2006–January 2020. All identified articles were screened, and data were extracted from eligible studies. We used the UK Government Social Research Service weight of evidence appraisal tool to appraise the quality of the included study.ResultsFrom a total of 1,384 identified articles, 22 were retained. All included studies used quantitative, non‐experimental methods and all but two studies used cross‐sectional data. Quality of evidence varied across studies. We identified 41 factors that were investigated across the set of studies. Demographic and socio‐economic factors were the most commonly investigated, with older age, urban residence, living in the southeast of Brazil, higher level of education, higher income and private health insurance most consistently associated with mammography adherence.
Health Workers' knowledge and perception regarding the risk of spread of COVID‐19 during the pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Polychronis Giannis , Roupa Zoe 
Published: November 2020

Certain Health Workers (HWs) may have inadequate knowledge and perceptions regarding COVID‐19. As a result, they may not be completely aware of the danger/risk involved, which could impact their ability to control the spread of the virus. This systematic review aims to enhance HWs' knowledge and their perception of the spread risk of COVID‐19 during the pandemic. A search was conducted in four databases (Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) to locate peer‐reviewed studies published in English between January 2020 and April 2020. Eventually, nine articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were, therefore, included in the present study. Six of the aforementioned studies specifically investigated HWs' perception of risk. Apart from a study that indicated medium perception (min = 56.5%), all other studies found high levels of risk perception (n = 5, max 92.1%). As for HWs' knowledge, apart from two studies that indicated medium percentage levels (min = 56.5%), the rest of the studies report high percentages (n = 7, max = 93.2%). Two of the studies, which assessed the sources of information that HWs use, agree that social media is the most widely used source of information. The findings of this study suggest that HWs had a satisfactory perception of risk during the spread of COVID‐19. Although fields with medium knowledge levels were identified, HWs' overall knowledge may also be described as satisfactory. It is also noted that certain demographic characteristics (occupation, age, and years of experience) appear to affect HWs' knowledge and perceptions. The application of educational strategies aiming to provide continuous support to HWs is unanimously recommended by all studies.
Organo‐montmorillonite modified wood flour/poly (lactic acid) composites via different modification process
Authors: Wang Zhiping , Wang Chen , Qin Ye , Huang Anmin , Liu Ru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, four varieties of wood flour (WF)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites by organo‐montmorillonite (OMMT) modification were fabricated via different modification process. The distribution of OMMT was characterized and the mechanical capacities of these composites were tested. After different OMMT‐modified process, the mechanical capacities of composites were distinctly different. However, except for the impact strength, almost the whole mechanical capacities showed improvements after modifying by OMMT; composite made of pure PLA and OMMT‐modified WF behaved the best mechanical properties, while composite made of pure WF and OMMT‐modified PLA behaved the worst; either for PLA modified by OMMT or WF/PLA composites modified by OMMT, the existence of the OMMT aggregates could cause damage to the mechanical properties. However, intercalated OMMT into WF or WF/PLA composite was beneficial to the mechanical properties.
U.S. trends in prescription nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use among patients with cardiovascular disease, 1988–2016
Authors: Hwang Andrew Y. , Smith Steven M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events prompting labeling revisions cautioning their use among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known regarding long‐term trends in real‐world prescribing of NSAIDs within the CVD population. We aimed to characterize the use of prescription NSAIDs among U.S. adults with CVD from 1988 to 2016.MethodsWe used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cross‐sectional data from 1988–1994 and 19992016 to identify participants aged greater than or equal to 18 years with hypertension (defined by self‐report, mean blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg, or antihypertensive medication use), or aged greater than or equal to 20 years with self‐reported congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary heart disease (CHD), angina, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke. Prevalence of prescription NSAID use was analyzed in 6‐year examination periods. Weighted logistic regression was performed to test time trends in prescription NSAID use.ResultsOverall, prescription NSAID use declined among all CVD populations. The highest prevalence of overall prescription NSAID use was observed during the 1999–2004 examination years, thereafter declining through the 2005–2010 and 2011–2016 examination years: in patients with hypertension (13.9% [1999–2004] to 8.5% [2011–2016]), CHF (14.6%–8.5%), CHD (16.3%–7.4%), angina (17.6%–8.5%), MI (16.1%–9.0%), and stroke (15.7%–7.9%). Decreased use of COX‐2‐selective inhibitors was observed during the same period; whereas, nonselective NSAID use remained relatively stable. Trends in prescription NSAID use were reflective of the general adult population.ConclusionsPrescription NSAID use among patients with CVD appears to have declined from 1988 to 2016, primarily due to reduced COX‐2‐selective inhibitor use. Nonetheless, the prevalence of prescription NSAIDs has persisted among a subset of high‐risk CVD populations.
Radical photoinduced cationic frontal polymerization in porous media
Authors: Maugeri Daniele , Sangermano Marco , Leterrier Yves 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo different interpenetrating phase composites were produced using a radical photoinduced cationic frontal polymerization process. The composites were based on polyurethane (PU) and aluminium open‐cell foams impregnated with a formulation of a cycloaliphatic epoxy with different concentrations of a cationic photoinitiator and a thermal initiator. The influence of both types of initiators on the frontal polymerization features was systematically evaluated for the PU foam. It was found to occur only when the concentration of both initiators was greater than 0.5 wt%, leading to full conversion of the epoxy in the whole volume of the 15 mm thick composite samples within less than 100 s. The maximum temperature reached by the propagation front was in the range 275–305 °C depending on the type of formulation, leading to pores in the epoxy phase and extensive degradation of the PU phase. In the case of the opaque aluminium foam, an additional layer of pure resin was required on the UV‐exposed surface, which corresponded to a critical mass of a few grams to ensure sufficient heat generation and trigger the front propagation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry