bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedside ultrasound in the emergency department for reduction and radial manipulation of distal radial fractures
Authors: Smiles John P , Simonian Marcus , Zhang Michael , Digby Shane , Vidler Sam , Flannagan Scott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveDistal radial fracture reduction is a common procedure in the ED. Previous studies have suggested that ultrasound (US)‐guided reduction improves outcomes for patients who undergo manipulation and reduction of distal radial fractures in the ED. We aimed to investigate this with the first randomised controlled trial looking at US‐guided distal radial fracture reduction. Our primary objective was to compare rates of operative intervention between the study groups. Rate of re‐manipulation was compared as a secondary outcome.MethodsED patients were prospectively randomised to either standard landmark guided or US‐guided closed reduction of distal radial fractures. The closed reductions were performed by senior emergency clinicians and the USs were performed by emergency physicians experienced in point‐of‐care US. Following reduction patients were managed equally and referred to the local orthopaedic service who were blinded to whether US was used to assist manipulation or not. This service decided on the need for re‐manipulation or operative intervention.ResultsOne hundred patients were enrolled and randomised equally into each cohort. We found no statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups of our study. In the control group, 46% of patients underwent operative fixation, compared to 48% in the US‐guided group (P = 0.36). Our secondary intervention of re‐manipulation in the ED or theatre following the initial reduction showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 1.0).ConclusionUS‐guided reduction of dorsally displaced, distal radius fractures in the ED setting, did not improve measured clinical outcomes.
National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017–18: Study design and methods
Authors: Chrisopoulos Sergio , Ellershaw Anne , Luzzi Liana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe National Study of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) is Australia’s third national oral examination survey of a representative sample of Australian adults. The study was undertaken primarily to describe levels of oral health in the population and to describe trends since the first survey, conducted in 1987–88. The aim of the study was to complete 7,200 examinations, necessitating approximately 15,200 completed interviews. Survey participants were selected using a multi‐stage probability sampling design that began with the sampling of postcodes within states/territories in Australia. Individuals within selected postcodes were then selected by the Australian Government Department of Human Services (DHS) from the Medicare database. Following an initial opt‐out period, participants were given the option to either complete the questionnaire online or to complete the questionnaire via a computer‐assisted telephone interview. Participants were asked a series of questions about their oral health and dental service use and those who reported having one or more of their own natural teeth were invited to undergo a standardised oral examination. Examinations were conducted by state/territory dental practitioners who underwent prior training and calibration in survey procedures by the Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), The University of Adelaide.
National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017–18: participation and representativeness
Authors: Ellershaw Anne , Chrisopoulos Sergio , Luzzi Liana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe National Study of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) 2017–18 collected information from a sample of the Australian population aged 15 years and over. The Study comprised an interview questionnaire, completed by telephone or online, and an oral epidemiological examination among dentate participants. Participation in the Study was voluntary and therefore relied on the goodwill of selected participants. This paper provides a summary of participation rates for the Interview and Examination phases of the study. The potential for biased population estimates due to variation in participation rates is explored. The weighting procedure implemented to ensure the sample is representative of the target population is described and a comparison of the estimated population distributions derived from the weighted sample and the actual population distributions is provided for a range of socioeconomic characteristics. In summary, it can be concluded that estimates derived from the weighted Interview and Examination samples are valid estimates of the Australian population aged 15 years and over.
Oral hygiene behaviours among Australian adults in the National Study of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) 2017–18
Authors: Luzzi Liana , Chrisopoulos Sergio , Kapellas Kostas , Brennan David S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis paper examines oral hygiene behaviours (tooth brushing, mouthwash use and dental floss) by a range of explanatory variables.MethodsExplanatory variables included age, sex, region, income, area‐based SES, dental insurance and visiting pattern. The data reported were collected in the interview survey in NSAOH 2017–18.ResultsA higher percentage of females brushed with toothpaste at least daily (98.0%) and used floss in the last week (62.6%) than males (94.6% and 48.5% respectively). There was an income gradient in tooth brushing. Higher percentages brushed in the high income (96.8%) than middle (96.2%) and low‐income tertiles (93.6%). A higher percentage of the high‐income tertile (58.2%) flossed than the lower tertile (53.3%). Those with unfavourable visit patterns had lower percentages who brushed daily (92.7%) than the intermediate (96.7%) or favourable (98.2%) groups. There was a gradient in flossing by visiting, with a lower percentage flossing for the unfavourable visiting group (38.5%) than for the intermediate (52.8%) or favourable groups (67.6%).ConclusionsOral hygiene behaviours were associated with gender, socioeconomic status and dental visiting. A higher percentage of women brushed and flossed than men. Lower socioeconomic status and those with unfavourable visiting patterns had lower frequencies of brushing and flossing.
Eosinophilic cellulitis successfully treated with Methotrexate
Authors: Yeon Janice , Chan Renee CF , Zagarella Samuel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEosinophilic cellulitis is a rare inflammatory skin disease of unknown aetiology, first described by George Wells in 1971 as a recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia. It is typically characterised by recurrent pruritic erythematous plaques, vesicles or bullae usually involving the extremities and trunk. Many cases of eosinophilic cellulitis are difficult to treat and traditionally require long course of oral steroids, resulting in steroid side effects. This case adds to the literature in that we report the use of methotrexate to treat eosinophilic cellulitis, as a safe and efficacious therapeutic alternative.
Changes in subsets of immunocytes in endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Lai Zhen‐Zhen , Ruan Lu‐Yu , Wang Yan , Yang Hui‐Li , Shi Jia‐Wei , Wu Jiang‐Nan , Qiu Xue‐Min , Ha Si‐Yao , Shen Hui‐Hui , Yang Shao‐Liang , Zheng Zi‐Meng , Shao Jun , Ye Jiang‐Feng , Li Ming‐Qing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProblemEndometrial hyperplasia (EH) is characterized by an endometrial gland‐to‐stroma ratio >1 and is one of the most common gynecological diseases in the world. The role of immunocyte subsets in the development of EH remains unknown.MethodsPatients who underwent dilatation and curettage due to abnormal uterine bleeding were recruited in the present study. Alterations in the numbers of different types of immune cell subsets in the endometrium of patients were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsThe present study included 48 patients who were divided into three groups, based on the pathological results: (a) proliferative period (PP, n = 12); (b) simple EH (SEH, n = 30); and (c) complex EH (CEH, n = 6). The results showed that immune cell subpopulations were significantly different between these three groups. Compared with the PP group, the proportion of CD45+ cells and neutrophils and the subtypes of T cells and macrophages were significantly increased in the SEH patients. Compared with the PP and SEH groups, subsets of immunocytes in the CEH group were significantly decreased, including the population of CD45+ cells and the subtypes of T cells and natural killer cells; in contrast, the proportion of macrophages was significantly increased. There were no significant differences between the other cell subsets in each group.ConclusionThe changes in immune cell subsets may be closely associated with the progression of EH. Although the specific role of different immune cell subsets in the development of the diseases requires further study, the changes in the proportions of immune cell subsets should not be ignored.
Immunology of COVID‐19: Mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics, and perspectives—A report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
Authors: Sokolowska Milena , Lukasik Zuzanna M. , Agache Ioana , Akdis Cezmi A. , Akdis Deniz , Akdis Mübeccel , Barcik Weronika , Brough Helen A. , Eiwegger Thomas , Eljaszewicz Andrzej , Eyerich Stefanie , Feleszko Wojciech , Gomez‐Casado Cristina , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Janda Jozef , Jiménez‐Saiz Rodrigo , Jutel Marek , Knol Edward F. , Kortekaas Krohn Inge , Kothari Akash , Makowska Joanna , Moniuszko Marcin , Morita Hideaki , O'Mahony Liam , Nadeau Kari , Ozdemir Cevdet , Pali‐Schöll Isabella , Palomares Oscar , Papaleo Francesco , Prunicki Mary , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Sediva Anna , Schwarze Jürgen , Shamji Mohamed H. , Tramper‐Stranders Gerdien A. , van de Veen Willem , Untersmayr Eva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the worldwide spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multiorgan disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and the SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular, and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender, and age in development of COVID‐19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID‐19 studies.
The differentiation argument: If newborns outrank animals, so do fetuses
Authors: Blanchette Kyle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCommon‐sense morality seems to dictate that newborn babies strictly outrank non‐human animals on an ordered list of subjects of moral consideration. This is best described as the view that newborn babies have a higher moral status than any non‐human animal. In this article, I will argue that this common‐sense claim about the special moral status of newborn babies makes it hard to avoid the conclusion that fetuses, including pre‐conscious fetuses, also have a higher moral status than any non‐human animal—indeed, as high as newborn babies. While this conclusion does not quite entail that abortion is generally seriously immoral, it does seem to follow that it would be no less difficult to justify (even relatively early) abortion than it would be to justify killing a newborn.
Patterns of abundance across geographical ranges as a predictor for responses to climate change: Evidence from UK rocky shores
Authors: Vye Siobhan R. , Dickens Stephanie , Adams Leoni , Bohn Katrin , Chenery Jade , Dobson Nicola , Dunn Ruth E. , Earp Hannah S. , Evans Megan , Foster Charlotte , Grist Hannah , Holt Ben , Hull Sue , Jenkins Stuart R. , Lamont Peter , Long Sarah , Mieszkowska Nova , Millard Justine , Morrall Zoe , Pack Kathryn , Parry‐Wilson Hannah , Pocklington Jacqueline , Pottas Jane , Richardson Leonie , Scott Abigail , Sugden Heather , Watson Gordon , West Victoria , Winton Debbie , Delany Jane , Burrows Michael T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimUnderstanding patterns in the abundance of species across thermal ranges can give useful insights into the potential impacts of climate change. The abundant‐centre hypothesis suggests that species will reach peak abundance at the centre of their thermal range where conditions are optimal, but evidence in support of this hypothesis is mixed and limited in geographical and taxonomic scope. We tested the applicability of the abundant‐centre hypothesis across a range of intertidal organisms using a large, citizen science‐generated data set.LocationUK.MethodsSpecies' abundance records were matched with their location within their thermal range. Patterns in abundance distribution for individual species, and across aggregated species abundances, were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis tests and quantile general additive models.ResultsIndividually, invertebrate species showed increasing abundances in the cooler half of the thermal range and decreasing abundances in the warmer half of the thermal range. The overall shape for aggregated invertebrate species abundances reflected a broad peak, with a cool‐skewed maximum abundance. Algal species showed little evidence for an abundant‐centre distribution individually, but overall the aggregated species abundances suggested a hump‐backed abundance distribution.Main ConclusionsOur study follows others in showing mixed support for the abundant‐centre hypothesis at an individual species level, but demonstrates an increased predictability in species responses when an aggregated overall response is considered.
The role of resistin and myeloperoxidase in severe sepsis and septic shock: Results from the ALBIOS trial
Authors: Bonaventura Aldo , Carbone Federico , Vecchié Alessandra , Meessen Jennifer , Ferraris Sandra , Beck Eduardo , Keim Roberto , Minetti Silvia , Elia Edoardo , Ferrara Daniele , Ansaldo Anna Maria , Novelli Deborah , Caironi Pietro , Latini Roberto , Montecucco Fabrizio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory biomarkers are useful in detecting patients with sepsis. The prognostic role of resistin and myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been investigated in sepsis.Materials and MethodsPlasma resistin and MPO were measured on days 1, 2 and 7 in 957 patients enrolled in the Albumin Italian Outcome Sepsis (ALBIOS) trial. The association between resistin and MPO levels on day 1, 2 and 7 and 90‐day mortality was assessed.ResultsPlasma resistin and MPO concentrations were higher at day 1 and decreased until day 7. Both biomarkers were positively correlated with each other and with physiological parameters. Higher levels of resistin and MPO on day 1 were associated with the development of new organ failures. Patients experiencing death at 90 days showed higher levels of resistin and MPO compared with survivors. At day 1, only MPO in the 4th quartile (Q4), but not resistin, was found to predict 90‐day death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.55 vs Q1). At day 2, resistin in the Q3 and Q4 predicted a > 40% increase in mortality as also did MPO in the Q4. On day 7, Q4 resistin was able to predict 90‐day mortality, while all quartiles of MPO were not.ConclusionsHigh levels of MPO, but not of resistin, on day 1 were able to predict 90‐day mortality. These findings may either suggest that early hyper‐activation of neutrophils is detrimental in patients with sepsis or reflect the burden of the inflammatory process caused by sepsis. Further studies are warranted to deepen these aspects (ALBIOS ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00707122).
Non‐specific analgesia during a clinical trial in fibromyalgia
Authors: Dualé Christian , Macian Nicolas , Giron Fatiha , Pickering Gisèle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhen patients suffering from fibromyalgia undergo a therapeutic trial, a non‐negligible part of analgesia is not explained by the drug itself. The mechanisms of this non‐specific effect need to be understood.Materials and methodsWe undertook secondary analyses of a double‐blind randomized trial in fibromyalgia patients in which 100 mg/day milnacipran was not found superior to placebo. Data from 49 patients belonging to both groups were pooled. Both before treatment and one month after treatment, all patients underwent a CaNTAB® neuropsychological test (related to spatial planning, reaction time, decision‐making and risk‐taking, and ability to name objects), and measurements of sensation and pain thresholds to heat and cold, supraliminal heat pain threshold, punctuate mechanical pain threshold and temporal summation, mechanical allodynia to skin brushing, and response to conditioned pain modulation. We studied the baseline predictors of analgesia and the indicators of change associated to analgesia separately. A stepwise approach was used to select the factors to enter into the final ANCOVAs, in which age, body mass index, treatment group and pain at baseline were covariates.ResultsNo baseline predictor of non‐specific analgesia other than pain at baseline was found to be predictive. Conversely, several neuropsychological (higher performance) or psychophysical (lower sensitivity) changes correlated with analgesia in unadjusted analyses. Multivariable analyses identified increases in warm/heat thermal thresholds and an increased ability to name objects, as factors associated with analgesia.ConclusionsThe changes observed concomitantly to non‐specific pain analgesia might be related to mild changes in brain functioning, based on convergent literature data.
Neurocan genome‐wide psychiatric risk variant affects explicit memory performance and hippocampal function in healthy humans
Authors: Assmann Anne , Richter Anni , Schütze Hartmut , Soch Joram , Barman Adriana , Behnisch Gusalija , Knopf Lea , Raschick Matthias , Schult Annika , Wüstenberg Torsten , Behr Joachim , Düzel Emrah , Seidenbecher Constanze I. , Schott Björn H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlterations of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) can perturb the structure and function of brain networks like the hippocampus, a key region in human memory that is commonly affected in psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated the potential effects of a genome‐wide psychiatric risk variant in the NCAN gene encoding the ECM proteoglycan neurocan (rs1064395) on memory performance, hippocampal function and cortical morphology in young, healthy volunteers. We assessed verbal memory performance in two cohorts (N = 572, 302) and found reduced recall performance in risk allele (A) carriers across both cohorts. In 117 participants, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging using a novelty‐encoding task with visual scenes. Risk allele carriers showed higher false alarm rates during recognition, accompanied by inefficiently increased left hippocampal activation. To assess effects of rs1064395 on brain morphology, we performed voxel‐based morphometry in 420 participants from four independent cohorts and found lower grey matter density in the ventrolateral and rostral prefrontal cortex of risk allele carriers. In silico eQTL analysis revealed that rs1064395 SNP is linked not only to increased prefrontal expression of the NCAN gene itself, but also of the neighbouring HAPLN4 gene, suggesting a more complex effect of the SNP on ECM composition. Our results suggest that the NCAN rs1064395 A allele is associated with lower hippocampus‐dependent memory function, variation of prefrontal cortex structure and ECM composition. Considering the well‐documented hippocampal and prefrontal dysfunction in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, our results may reflect an intermediate phenotype by which NCAN rs1064395 contributes to disease risk.
Visual behaviors in disorders of consciousness: Disentangling conscious visual processing by a multimodal approach
Authors: Sattin Davide , Rossi Sebastiano Davide , D’Incerti Ludovico , Guido Davide , Marotta Giorgio , Benti Riccardo , Tirelli Simone , Magnani Francesca Giulia , Bersano Anna , Duran Dunja , Ferraro Stefania , Minati Ludovico , Nigri Anna , Rosazza Cristina , Bianchi Marzoli Stefania , Leonardi Matilde 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the major challenges for clinicians who treat patients with Disorders of Consciousness (DoCs) concerns the detection of signs of consciousness that distinguish patients in Vegetative State from those in Minimally Conscious State. Recent studies showed how visual responses to tailored stimuli are one of the first evidence revealing that one patient is changing from one state to another. This study aimed to explore the integrity of the neural structures being part of the visual system in patients with DoCs manifesting a reflexive behavior (visual blink) and in those manifesting a cognitively and cortically mediated behavior (visual pursuit). We collected instrumental data using specialized equipment (EEG following the rules of the International 10–20 system, 3T Magnetic Resonance, and Positron Emission Tomography) in 54 DoC patients. Our results indicated that visual pursuit group showed a better fVEPs response than the visual blink group, because of a greater area under the N2/P2 component of fVEPs (AUC could be seen as an indicator of the residual activity of visual areas). Considering neuroimaging data, the main structural differences between groups were found in the retrochiasmatic areas, specifically in the right optic radiation and visual cortex (V1), areas statistically less impaired in patients able to perform a visual pursuit. FDG‐PET analysis confirmed difference between groups at the level of the right calcarine cortex and neighboring right lingual gyrus. In conclusion, although there are methodological and theoretical limitations that should be considered, our study suggests a new perspective to consider for a future diagnostic protocol.