bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bt Cry78Ba1 Toxin on Larvae and Adults of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Han Bo , Cao Beibei , Yang Yang , Wang Xinling , Geng Lili , Diao Qingyun , Dai Pingli 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cry78Ba1 is Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) (Bt) protein found with high insecticidal activity against the piercing–sucking insect Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and has broad application prospects for control of the rice planthopper. As honey bees may be exposed to Bt Cry78Ba1 rice pollen by feeding, we evaluated the risk of Bt Cry78Ba1 toxin to Apis mellifera L. workers. A dietary exposure experiment was conducted on worker larvae and adults under controlled laboratory conditions to examine the effects of Cry78Ba1 toxin on honey bees. Worker bee larvae were fed a diet containing Cry78Ba1 toxin (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/liter) on day 2 through day 5 after grafting, and adults were exposed to syrup containing Cry78Ba1 for up to 16 d. Negative control (no test substance added), solvent control (1 mM Tris–HCl), and positive control (dimethoate 45 mg/liter for the larva test, 1 and 45 mg/liter for the adult test) groups were established. Compared with the negative control, larvae and adults that consumed food containing Cry78Ba1 toxin exhibited no significant differences in survival, larval weight, or pollen or syrup consumption. This result indicates that chronic oral exposure to Cry78Ba1 toxin has no negative effects on honey bees at the maximum tested concentration.
The ‘China Shock’ revisited: insights from value added trade flows
Authors: Jakubik Adam , Stolzenburg Victor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We exploit a decomposition of gross trade flows into their value added components to reassess the relationship between increased imports from China and manufacturing jobs in US local labour markets following the seminal paper of Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013, ADH). Decomposed trade flows enable us to address identification and measurement issues inherent to gross trade data. In particular, it allows us to remove US value added in Chinese exports from the exposure measure which is mechanically correlated with the dependent variable and overstates the volume of the trade shock. In addition, the decomposition permits to correct for double counting, to remove primary and services inputs in manufacturing exports, and to assign competition to the upstream industry that supplied the value added rather than the final exporting industry. This further reduces the volume of the shock and improves the accuracy of the import exposure measure. Consequently, we find considerable differences in the pattern of regions that are most affected by the trade shock and show that imports from China can explain less of the decline in US manufacturing than what gross trade data would suggest. We then separate the shock into a China-driven domestic reform and a third-country-driven value chain component, and find in line with ADH that the smaller, but still negative labour market effects are indeed China driven. Finally, we observe that the negative effects identified in ADH are not present in the 2008–2014 period, which is in line with the hypothesis that labour market adjustment has largely concluded.
The conserved brassinosteroid-related transcription factor BIM1a negatively regulates fruit growth in tomato
Authors: Mori Kentaro , Lemaire-Chamley Martine , Jorly Joana , Carrari Fernando , Conte Mariana , Asamizu Erika , Mizoguchi Tsuyoshi , Ezura Hiroshi , Rothan Christophe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that play key roles in plant development and defense. Our goal is to harness the extensive knowledge of the Arabidopsis BR signaling network to improve productivity in crop species. This first requires identifying components of the conserved network and their function in the target species. Here, we investigated the function of SlBIM1a, the closest tomato homolog of AtBIM1, which is highly expressed in fruit. SlBIM1a-overexpressing lines displayed severe plant and fruit dwarfism, and histological characterization of different transgenic lines revealed that SlBIM1a expression negatively correlated with fruit pericarp cell size, resulting in fruit size modifications. These growth phenotypes were in contrast to those found in Arabidopsis, and this was confirmed by the reciprocal ectopic expression of SlBIM1a/b in Arabidopsis and of AtBIM1 in tomato. These results determined that BIM1 function depends more on the recipient species than on its primary sequence. Yeast two-hybrid interaction studies and transcriptomic analyses of SlBIM1a-overexpressing fruit further suggested that SlBIM1a acts through its interaction with SlBZH1 to govern the transcriptional regulation of growth-related BR target genes. Together, these results suggest that SlBIM1a is a negative regulator of pericarp cell expansion, possibly at the crossroads with auxin and light signaling.
A probabilistic account of the concept of cross-transfer and inferential interactions for trace materials
Authors: Taroni Franco , Juchli Patrick , Aitken Colin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The analysis of inferential interactions plays an important role in the description of the line of reasoning for a forensic evaluator in a case involving the cross-transfer of evidence. It is possible the two items of evidence may mean more to an evaluator when considered jointly than they do if considered separately. An approach to the evaluation of evidence, with particular attention to the factors that need to be considered, is described for a case involving the cross-transfer of evidence. A formula is given which may be used to define the possible interactions between the evidence transferred in each direction and hence ease the interpretation of such evidence. Numerical examples are given from a classical fibre evidence scenario.
A new era of fine structure constant measurements at high redshift
Authors: Milaković Dinko , Lee Chung-Chi , Carswell Robert F , Webb John K , Molaro Paolo , Pasquini Luca 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
New observations of the quasar HE0515−4414 have been made, aided by the Laser Frequency Comb (LFC), using the HARPS spectrograph on the ESO 3.6m telescope. We present three important advances for α measurements in quasar absorption spectra from these observations. First, the data have been wavelength calibrated using LFC and ThAr methods. The LFC wavelength calibration residuals are six times smaller than when using the standard ThAr calibration. We give a direct comparison between α measurements made using the two methods. Secondly, spectral modelling was performed using Artificial Intelligence (fully automated, all human bias eliminated), including a temperature parameter for each absorption component. Thirdly, in contrast to previous work, additional model parameters were assigned to measure α for each individual absorption component. The increase in statistical uncertainty from the larger number of model parameters is small and the method allows a substantial advantage; outliers that would otherwise contribute a significant systematic, possibly corrupting the entire measurement, are identified and removed, permitting a more robust overall result. The $z$abs = 1.15 absorption system along the HE0515−4414 sightline yields 40 new α measurements. We constrain spatial fluctuations in α to be Δα/α ≤ 9 × 10−5 on scales $\approx \!\! {20}\, {\rm km\, s}^{-1}$, corresponding to $\approx 25\,$kpc if the $z$abs = 1.15 system arises in a 1Mpc cluster. Collectively, the 40 measurements yield Δα/α = −0.27 ± 2.41 × 10−6, consistent with no variation.
Cosmological simulations of the same spiral galaxy: the impact of baryonic physics
Authors: Nuñez-Castiñeyra A , Nezri E , Devriendt J , Teyssier R 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The interplay of star formation (SF) and supernova (SN) feedback in galaxy formation is a key element for understanding galaxy evolution. Since these processes occur at small scales, it is necessary to have sub-grid models that recover their evolution and environmental effects at the scales reached by cosmological simulations. In this work, we present the results of the Mochima simulation, where we simulate the same spiral galaxy inhabiting a Milky Way (MW) size halo in a cosmological environment changing the sub-grid models for SN feedback and SF. We test combinations of the Schmidt law and a multifreefall based SF with delayed cooling feedback or mechanical feedback. We reach a resolution of 35 pc in a zoom-in box of 36 Mpc. For this, we use the code $\rm{\small RAMSES}$ with the implementation of gas turbulence in time and trace the local hydrodynamical features of the star-forming gas. Finally, we compare the galaxies at redshift 0 with global and interstellar medium observations in the MW and local spiral galaxies. The simulations show successful comparisons with observations. Nevertheless, diverse galactic morphologies are obtained from different numerical implementations. We highlight the importance of detailed modelling of the SF and feedback processes, especially for simulations with a resolution that start to reach scales relevant for molecular cloud physics. Future improvements could alleviate the degeneracies exhibited in our simulated galaxies under different sub-grid models.
Interpretation of the power spectrum of the quiet Sun photospheric turbulence
Authors: Goldman Itzhak 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Observational power spectra of the photospheric magnetic field turbulence, of the quiet-sun, were presented in a recent paper by Abramenko & Yurchyshyn. Here, I focus on the power spectrum derived from the observations of the Near InfraRed Imaging Spectrapolarimeter operating at the Goode Solar Telescope. The latter exhibits a transition from a power law with index −1.2 to a steeper power law with index −2.2, for smaller spatial scales. This paper presents an interpretation of this change. Furthermore, this interpretation provides an estimate for the effective width of the turbulent layer probed by the observations. The latter turns out to be practically equal to the depth of the photosphere.
Inner dusty regions of protoplanetary discs – II. Dust dynamics driven by radiation pressure and disc winds
Authors: Vinković Dejan , Čemeljić Miljenko 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We explore dust flow in the hottest parts of protoplanetary discs using the forces of gravity, gas drag, and radiation pressure. Our main focus is on the optically thin regions of dusty disc, where the dust is exposed to the most extreme heating conditions and dynamical perturbations: the surface of optically thick disc and the inner dust sublimation zone. We utilize results from two numerically strenuous fields of research. The first is the quasi-stationary solutions on gas velocity and density distributions from mangetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of accretion discs. This is critical for implementing a more realistic gas drag impact on dust movements. The second is the optical depth structure from a high-resolution dust radiation transfer. This step is critical for a better understanding of dust distribution within the disc. We describe a numerical method that incorporates these solutions into the dust dynamics equations. We use this to integrate dust trajectories under different disc wind models and show how grains end up trapped in flows that range from simple accretion on to the star to outflows into outer disc regions. We demonstrate how the radiation pressure force plays one of the key roles in this process and cannot be ignored. It erodes the dusty disc surface, reduces its height, resists dust accretion on to the star, and helps the disc wind in pushing grains outwards. The changes in grain size and porosity significantly affect the results, with smaller and porous grains being influenced more strongly by the disc wind and radiation pressure.
e-MutPath: computational modeling reveals the functional landscape of genetic mutations rewiring interactome networks
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Burgman Brandon , Khatri Ishaani S , Pentaparthi Sairahul R , Su Zhe , McGrail Daniel J , Li Yang , Wu Erxi , Eckhardt S Gail , Sahni Nidhi , Yi S Stephen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Understanding the functional impact of cancer somatic mutations represents a critical knowledge gap for implementing precision oncology. It has been increasingly appreciated that the interaction profile mediated by a genomic mutation provides a fundamental link between genotype and phenotype. However, specific effects on biological signaling networks for the majority of mutations are largely unknown by experimental approaches. To resolve this challenge, we developed e-MutPath (edgetic Mutation-mediated Pathway perturbations), a network-based computational method to identify candidate ‘edgetic’ mutations that perturb functional pathways. e-MutPath identifies informative paths that could be used to distinguish disease risk factors from neutral elements and to stratify disease subtypes with clinical relevance. The predicted targets are enriched in cancer vulnerability genes, known drug targets but depleted for proteins associated with side effects, demonstrating the power of network-based strategies to investigate the functional impact and perturbation profiles of genomic mutations. Together, e-MutPath represents a robust computational tool to systematically assign functions to genetic mutations, especially in the context of their specific pathway perturbation effect.
The European Nucleotide Archive in 2020
Authors: Harrison Peter W , Ahamed Alisha , Aslam Raheela , Alako Blaise T F , Burgin Josephine , Buso Nicola , Courtot Mélanie , Fan Jun , Gupta Dipayan , Haseeb Muhammad , Holt Sam , Ibrahim Talal , Ivanov Eugene , Jayathilaka Suran , Balavenkataraman Kadhirvelu Vishnukumar , Kumar Manish , Lopez Rodrigo , Kay Simon , Leinonen Rasko , Liu Xin , O’Cathail Colman , Pakseresht Amir , Park Youngmi , Pesant Stephane , Rahman Nadim , Rajan Jeena , Sokolov Alexey , Vijayaraja Senthilnathan , Waheed Zahra , Zyoud Ahmad , Burdett Tony , Cochrane Guy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA; https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena), provided by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), has for almost forty years continued in its mission to freely archive and present the world's public sequencing data for the benefit of the entire scientific community and for the acceleration of the global research effort. Here we highlight the major developments to ENA services and content in 2020, focussing in particular on the recently released updated ENA browser, modernisation of our release process and our data coordination collaborations with specific research communities.
NMR structure of a vestigial nuclease provides insight into the evolution of functional transitions in viral dsDNA packaging motors
Authors: Mahler Bryon P , Bujalowski Paul J , Mao Huzhang , Dill Erik A , Jardine Paul J , Choi Kyung H , Morais Marc C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Double-stranded DNA viruses use ATP-powered molecular motors to package their genomic DNA. To ensure efficient genome encapsidation, these motors regulate functional transitions between initiation, translocation, and termination modes. Here, we report structural and biophysical analyses of the C-terminal domain of the bacteriophage phi29 ATPase (CTD) that suggest a structural basis for these functional transitions. Sedimentation experiments show that the inter-domain linker in the full-length protein promotes oligomerization and thus may play a role in assembly of the functional motor. The NMR solution structure of the CTD indicates it is a vestigial nuclease domain that likely evolved from conserved nuclease domains in phage terminases. Despite the loss of nuclease activity, fluorescence binding assays confirm the CTD retains its DNA binding capabilities and fitting the CTD into cryoEM density of the phi29 motor shows that the CTD directly binds DNA. However, the interacting residues differ from those identified by NMR titration in solution, suggesting that packaging motors undergo conformational changes to transition between initiation, translocation, and termination. Taken together, these results provide insight into the evolution of functional transitions in viral dsDNA packaging motors.
Scyphozoan jellyfish (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from Amazon coast: distribution, temporal variation and length–weight relationship
Authors: Banha Thomás N S , Morandini André C , Rosário Renan P , Martinelli Filho José E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the importance of jellyfish in marine ecosystems, many basic biological and ecological aspects remain understudied, especially in tropical regions. Here, we report on scyphozoan jellyfish distribution and ecology to the Amazon coast for the first time, adding the records of Chrysaora lactea, Lychnorhiza lucerna and Stomolophus fritillarius. We also review the records for the three species for the whole Brazilian coastline, describe temporal variability within an Amazon estuary and length–weight relationships. The three species displayed a widespread distribution on the Brazilian coast. In the studied estuary, the species are unevenly distributed throughout the year and their presence was not clearly correlated with environmental factors examined, although L. lucerna is more common during the dry season, as indicated by multivariate and correlation analysis. The length–weight relationships were significant for both L. lucerna (R2 = 0.86, P &lt; 0.0001) and S. fritillarius (R2 = 0.75, P &lt; 0.0001). Jellyfish variability is still unexplained within the estuary despite our 3-year sampling. These jellyfish may be more abundant during the dry season due to the retraction of the amazon plume, but additional sampling designs and methods are needed to test this hypothesis.
Point-of-care lung ultrasound predicts in-hospital mortality in acute heart failure
Authors: Araiza-Garaygordobil D , Gopar-Nieto R , Martínez-Amezcua P , Cabello-López A , Manzur-Sandoval D , García-Cruz E , De la Fuente-Mancera J C , Martínez-Gutiérrez J , Luna-Carrera M J , Lerma-Landeros E , Gutiérrez-González F M , González-Pacheco H , Briseño-De la Cruz J L , Arias-Mendoza A 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Background
B-lines have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) when found at hospital discharge or during outpatient visits. Whether lung ultrasound (LUS) assessed B-lines may predict in-hospital mortality in patients with acute HF is still undetermined.

Aim
To evaluate the association between B-lines on admission and in-hospital mortality among patients admitted with acute HF.

Methods
Hand-held LUS was used to examine patients with acute HF. LUS was performed in eight chest zones with a pocket ultrasound device and analyzed offline. The association between B-lines and in-hospital mortality was assessed using Cox regression models.

Results
We included 62 patients with median age 56 years, 69.4% men, and median left ventricle ejection fraction 25%. The sum of B-lines ranged from 0 to 53 (median 6.5). An optimal receiver operating characteristic-determined cut-off of ≥19 B-lines demonstrated a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 86% (area under the curve 0.788) for in-hospital mortality. The incremental prognostic value of LUS when compared with lung crackles or peripheral edema by integrated discrimination improvement was 12.96% (95% CI: 7.0–18.8, P = 0.02). Patients with ≥19 B-lines had a 4-fold higher risk of in-hospital mortality (HR 4.38; 95% CI: 1.37–13.95, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
In patients admitted with acute HF, point-of-care LUS measurements of pulmonary congestion (B-lines) are associated with in-hospital mortality.
Combined use of QRISK3 and SCORE as predictors of carotid plaques in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Corrales Alfonso , Vegas-Revenga Nuria , Atienza-Mateo Belén , Corrales-Selaya Cristina , Prieto-Peña Diana , Rueda-Gotor Javier , Portilla Virginia , Blanco Ricardo , Castañeda Santos , Ferraz-Amaro Iván , Llorca Javier , González-Gay Miguel A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Because carotid plaques predict the development of cardiovascular events in RA, we aimed to assess if the combined use of the systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) and the QRISK3 algorithms allows for the identification of RA patients with carotid plaques in a defined population-based RA inception cohort.

Methods
A set of consecutive RA patients without a history of diabetes, chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular events were studied by carotid US between 2012 and 2019. Modified SCORE (mSCORE) for RA based on the 2015/2016 updated EULAR recommendations and QRISK3 algorithms were retrospectively tested using baseline data obtained at the time of the carotid US assessment.

Results
A total of 466 (54%) of 865 patients had carotid plaques. Using dichotomized QRISK3 and EULAR mSCORE, 73.2% (95% CI: 68.4.8, 77.6) of patients with QRISK ≥ 10% and EULAR mSCORE &lt; 5% had plaque. In this group, the diagnostic odds ratio was 5.79 (95% CI: 4.14, 8.10). However, if both algorithms were above their thresholds of high cardiovascular risk (QRISK ≥ 10% and EULAR mSCORE ≥ 5%), the sensitivity increased up to 83.3% (95% CI: 72.1, 91.4) and the diagnostic odds ratio up to 10.6 (95% CI: 5.13, 22.0). When the risk charts scales were used as continuous variables, both QRISK3 and EULAR mSCORE were found positively associated with plaque. For each 1% QRISK3 or EULAR mSCORE increase, the probability of having plaques multiplied by 1.14 and 1.22, respectively. However, the effects of both algorithms did not multiply by each other.

Conclusions
. The combined use of QRISK3 and EULAR mSCORE allows for the identification of most RA patients at high risk of carotid plaques.
Structural and Functional Connectivity of Visual Cortex in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Graph-Theoretic Analysis
Authors: Reavis Eric A , Lee Junghee , Altshuler Lori L , Cohen Mark S , Engel Stephen A , Glahn David C , Jimenez Amy M , Narr Katherine L , Nuechterlein Keith H , Riedel Philipp , Wynn Jonathan K , Green Michael F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ) are poorly understood, yet predict functional outcomes in the disorder. Bipolar disorder (BD) may involve similar visual processing deficits. Converging evidence suggests that visual processing may be relatively normal at early stages of visual processing such as early visual cortex (EVC), but that processing abnormalities may become more pronounced by mid-level visual areas such as lateral occipital cortex (LO). However, little is known about the connectivity of the visual system in SZ and BD. If the flow of information to, from, or within the visual system is disrupted by reduced connectivity, this could help to explain perceptual deficits. In the present study, we performed a targeted analysis of the structural and functional connectivity of the visual system using graph-theoretic metrics in a sample of 48 SZ, 46 BD, and 47 control participants. Specifically, we calculated parallel measures of local efficiency for EVC and LO from both diffusion weighted imaging data (structural) and resting-state (functional) imaging data. We found no structural connectivity differences between the groups. However, there was a significant group difference in functional connectivity and a significant group-by-region interaction driven by reduced LO connectivity in SZ relative to HC, whereas BD was approximately intermediate to the other 2 groups. We replicated this pattern of results using a different brain atlas. These findings support and extend theoretical models of perceptual dysfunction in SZ, providing a framework for further investigation of visual deficits linked to functional outcomes in SZ and related disorders.