bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low pH Hypromellose (Taffix™) nasal powder spray reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection rate post mass-gathering event at a highly endemic community: An observational prospective open label user survey
Authors: Shmuel Klang , Barbara Mann , Dalia Megiddo , Tair Lapidot , Yaakov Napartek 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The city of Bney Brak, Israel, (population 210,000 mostly ultra-orthodox Jews) tops Israel list of COVID-19 infection rate and mortality. In mid-September before the Jewish New Year (an intensive two day gathering for prayers ) PCR positivity rates were 17.6% and those climbed to 28.1% two weeks later.Taffix - is an innovative nasal powder inhaler that creates a protective gel layer over the nasal mucosa and effectively blocks viruses from infecting the nasal cells. Taffix is approved for use in Europe and Israel. In vitro studies demonstrated that Taffix blocks viruses (including SARS- CoV-2) from infecting human cells (<99% ). It is well established that the nose is the main gateway of SARS- CoV-2 to the body. Taffix™ was developed as an additional virus protective tool beyond the currently recommended preventive measures.In a prospective users survey, 243 members of a Jewish ultra-orthodox synagogue community in Bney Brak that participated in the two days holidays prayers (7 hours spent daily in the synagogue) were followed up for the following 14 days to measure the effect of Taffix in this potentially “super spread” ( post mass gathering) event . 83 collected and used Taffix throughout Rosh Hashana prayers and for the following two weeks (intention to treat group, ITT) . 81 of them used it regularly as instructed ( per protocol, PP) while two used it rarely if at all. The remaining 160 did not use Taffix .At the end of the two weeks follow up - in the ITT population, 2/83 (2.4%) of the Taffix users and 16/160 (10%) of the Taffix non users were infected. The odds ratio for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taffix users were 0.22 (0.05-0.99, Mid P exact =0.028), a reduction of 78% (95%CI 1%-95%) in odds of infection. No side effects were reported.We suggest that Taffix can be an additional powerful tool against COVID19 spread. To our knowledge this is the first time that any measure to prevent infection in SARS-CoV-2 virus, beyond the use of masks. was proven effective.
The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.
Authors: Fernström Maria , Fernberg Ulrika , Hurtig-Wennlöf Anita 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. It is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at a young age. In the Lifestyle, Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, aged 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. An additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk of developing CVD later in life. Methods: The participants had previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties falling asleep or experienced troubled sleep with frequent awakenings per night. The experienced troubled sleep was not related to a higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and duration were correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat (%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with the highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR), (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) were observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who need counselling on a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.
Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil
Authors: Magno Laio , Leal Andrea Fachel , Knauth Daniela , Dourado Ines , Guimarães Mark Guimarães Drew Crosland , Santana Elis Santana Passos , Jordão Tiago Jordão , Rocha Gustavo Rocha Machado , Veras Maria Amélia Amélia , Kendall Carl Kendall , Pontes Alexandre Pontes Kerr , Brito Ana Maria , Kerr Ligia Kerr , Group The Brazilian HIV/MSM Surveillance 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Brazil has many people living with HIV (PLWH) who are unaware of their serostatus. The public health system has recently added HIV self-testing (HIVST) for key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimates HIVST acceptability among Brazilian MSM and explores factors associated with acceptability among MSM who have never tested for HIV or who had a previous negative result.Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit 4,176 MSM in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016 to this biological and behavioral surveillance study. We excluded from this analysis all MSM who were aware of their positive HIV serostatus. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Overall proportions were weighted with Gile’s estimator in RDS Analyst software and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The analyses of HIVST acceptability were stratified by prior HIV testing (never or one or more times).Results: For this analysis, 3,605 MSM were included. The acceptability of HIVST was 49.1%, lower among those had never tested for HIV (42.7%) compared to those who had a previous HIV negative test (50.1%). In the subgroup of MSM who had never tested for HIV, those who reported discrimination or who had a medical appointment in the last 12 months reported higher HIVST acceptability. Among MSM who had a previous negative HIV test, only those reporting condomless receptive anal sex reported higher HIVST acceptability. In addition, we observed that high levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, taking part in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender nongovernmental organizations (LGBT-NGO), or complete secondary or incomplete higher undergraduate education reported higher acceptability.Conclusions: The acceptability of HIVST was low among MSM, especially among those who never tested for HIV. Given access to HIVST in Brazil, we point to the need for programs that enhance promotion of testing addressed to MSM.
Physicians’ attitudes in relation to End-of-life Decisions in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: a national multicenter survey
Authors: Chatziioannidis Ilias , Iliodromiti Zoi , Boutsikou Theodora , Pouliakis Abraham , Giougi Evangelia , Sokou Rozeta , Vidalis Takis , Xanthos Theodoros , Cuttini Marina , Iacovidou Nicoletta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: End-of-life decisions for neonates with adverse prognosis are controversial and raise ethical and legal issues. In Greece, data on physicians’ profiles, motivation, values and attitudes underlying such decisions and the correlation with their background are scarce. The aim was to investigate neonatologists' attitudes in neonatal intensive care units and correlate them with self-reported practices of end-of-life decisions and with their background data.Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed to all 28 Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Greece. One hundred and sixty two out of 260 eligible physicians answered anonymously the questionnaire (response rate 66%). Demographic and professional characteristics, self-reported practices and opinions were included in the questionnaire, along with a questionnaire of 12 items measuring physicians’ attitude and views ranging from value of life to quality of life approach (scale 1 to 5).Results: Continuation of treatment in neonates with adverse prognosis without adding further therapeutic interventions was the most commonly reported EoL practice, when compared to withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. Physicians with a high attitude score (indicative of value of quality-of-life) were more likely to limit, while those with a low score (indicative of value of sanctity-of-life) were more likely for continuation of intensive care. Physicians’ educational level (p:0.097), involvement in research (p:0.093), religion (p:0.024) and position on the existing legal framework (p<0.001) were factors that affected the attitude score.Conclusions: Physicians presented with varying end-of-life practices. Limiting interventions in neonates with poor prognosis was strongly related to their attitudes. The most important predictors for physicians' attitudes were religiousness and belief for Greek legal system reform.
Comparative Study on Optic Disc Features of Premature Infants and full-term newborns
Authors: Feng Xiaofen , Nan Yan , Pan Jiandong , Zou Ruitao , Shen Lijun , chen feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To study optic disc features of premature infants and compare to that of term infants to explore the pattern and features of newborn optic disc development and provide the basis for the diagnosis of newborn optic disc disease. Methods: This was a prospective clinical research. Newborns underwent newborn fundus disease screening from January 1st, 2016 to October 31st, 2016 in the neonatal ward of Ruian City Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected. RetCam 3 Version6.1.25.0 Wide-Field Digital Pediatric Retinal Imaging System developed by Clarity Medical Systems, Inc was adopted to conduct fundus examination on both eyes, 130 degree wide-angle lens was used to film the images centering optic disc. Results: For both premature infants and full-term newborns, vertical diameter of the optic disc to lateral diameter of the optic disc ratio was >1, and the shape of the optic disc was a vertical oval. The difference of each optic disc parameter between premature infants and full-term newborns was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There’s a difference of constitution of sclerotic ring type on optic disc between premature infants and full-term newborns. Among which, the proportion of single ring type and double ring type in premature infants was higher than that in full-term newborns (P<0.05). The proportion of no ring type in full-term newborns was higher than that in premature infants (P<0.05). The proportion of mixed type had no significant difference (P>0.05) between premature infants and full-term newborns.Conclusions: We found that The proportion of mature types (single ring type and double ring type) in full-term newborns was higher than that in premature infants. While there’s no statistical difference of the proportion of mixed types between premature infants and full-term newborns. Double ring type was a normal stage of the development of optic disc.
Psychological distress and somatization in immigrants in primary health care practices.
Authors: García-Sierra Rosa , Fernández-Cano María Isabel , Manresa-Domínguez Josep Maria , Feijoo-Cid María , Gabriel Eduard Moreno , Arreciado-Marañón Antonia , Ramos-Roure Francesc , Segura Jordi , Torán-Monserrat Pere 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The process of international migration causes a situation of vulnerability in people's health and greater difficulty in coping with disease. Furthermore, the adversities suffered during migration can trigger reactive signs of stress and cause anxious, depressive, confusional and somatic symptoms. This article studies the relationships between psychosocial risk, psychological distress and somatization in immigrants from 4 communities: Maghrebis, Sub-Saharans, South Americans and South Asians.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with questionnaires on 602 immigrants who were surveyed in the Primary Care Centres of an urban area of Catalonia. The instruments used were the Demographic Psychosocial Inventory (DPSI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI).Results: The average psychosocial risk obtained was 0.35, with the highest values in the sub-Saharan community. Psychological distress showed a mean value of 0.66, with the sub-Saharan community scoring the lowest in all dimensions except depression. The average somatization values were 1.65, with the sub-Saharan community scoring the least. The female gender is a risk factor for somatization and psychological distress.Conclusions: Perceived psychosocial risk is a predictor of psychological distress, but not somatization, suggesting that the use of more adaptive coping strategies could minimize the effect of the migration process on somatizations.
Modelling health belief predictors of oral health and dental anxiety among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiang Bilu , Wong Hai Ming , Perfecto Antonio P. , McGrath Colman P.J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM.Methods: 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety.Results: Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status.Conclusions: Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM may help the future design of theory-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.
Uterine Evacuation before Operative Hysteroscopy in Patients with Active Uterine Bleeding: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sayyah-Melli Manizheh , Kazemi-Shishavan Maryam , Behravan Nooshin , Gharabaghi Parvin Mostafa , Rahmani Vahideh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Concurrent bleeding or existing clots usually obscure the vision field and decrease the hysteroscopy success rate. Therefore, any efforts made to have a clear view during the hysteroscopy will improve the diagnostic or treatment outcomes. In this study, we examined the effect of preoperative clot evacuation on hysteroscopy and patient outcomes.Methods: In this parallel-group clinical trial conducted from December 2018 to September 2019 at the Oncology Center of Alzahra Teaching Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, 114 patients with uterine bleeding were randomly assigned to receive either clot evacuation before standard operative hysteroscopy or standard hysteroscopy alone. The investigated endpoints were the clarity of vision, the volume of used distension media, duration of the procedure, amount of bleeding, and postoperative complications.Results: All 114 participants completed the study. There were statistically significant differences in the frequency of the clear vision (p<.001), the severity of bleeding (p=.0006), mean serum volume used (p<.001), mean procedure time (p<.001), and the postoperative hematocrit levels (p<.001) between groups, in favor of women with preprocedural intrauterine evacuation. There was no difference in in-hospital stay (p=0.081) and anesthetic complications among the patients (p=0.182). The procedure was successfully performed on all patients of both groups with zero postoperative complications.Conclusion: Removal of clots and other uterine contents before inserting hysteroscope rendered better and faster access to the uterine wall to observe existing abnormalities and reduce the hysteroscopy time. This additional surgical step could take a significant impact on surgical and clinical outcomes.Trial registration: Clinical trial registry name: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/33369 The registration number: IRCT20101130005283N13 Date of trial registration: 2018-11-16
Carriage of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria by flies captured in a hospital and its suburban surroundings in Ethiopia
Authors: Tufa Tafese B , Fuchs Andre , Wienemann Tobias , Eggers Yannik , Abdissa Sileshi , Schneider Marlen , Jensen Björn-Erik Ole , Bode Johannes G. , Pfeffer Klaus , Häussinger Dieter , Mackenzie Colin , Orth Hans Martin , Feldt Torsten 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Local data from the Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital in the town of Asella, Ethiopia reveal a high prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in clinical isolates. To investigate a possible route of transmission, we determined the proportions ESBL-producing GNB in isolates from flies caught in the hospital and in the town of Asella. Methods: Flies were collected in August 2019 from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the orthopedic ward, the hospital’s waste disposal area, and from a butchery situated 1.5 km from the hospital. After trapping, the flies were macerated and suspended in sterile normal saline. The suspensions were inoculated on MacConkey agar and incubated overnight. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using Vitek®-MS and VITEK® 2. Results: In total, 103 bacterial isolates were obtained from 85 flies (NICU: 11 isolates from 20 flies, orthopedic ward: 10 isolates from 12 flies, waste disposal area: 37 isolates from 26 flies, butchery: 45 isolates from 27 flies). The proportions of ESBL-producing bacteria among isolates obtained from flies collected in the hospital compound were significantly higher (82%, 90%, and 57% in NICU, orthopedic ward and waste disposal area, respectively) compared to flies collected outside of the hospital compound (2% (1/45) in the butchery) (p≤0.001). The proportion of ESBL was 67% (6/9) among Raoultella spp. 67% (4/6) among Kluyvera spp., 56% (5/9) among Enterobacter spp., 50% (5/10) among E. coli, and 44% (8/18) among Klebsiella spp.. Of the 40 ESBL-genes detected, 85% were CTX-M-like, 83% TEM-like, 23% SHV-like, and 2% CTX-M-2-like. ESBL-producing bacteria showed higher rates of resistance against ciprofloxacin (66% vs. 5%), gentamicin (68% vs. 3%), piperacillin-tazobactam (78% vs. 5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88% vs. 16%), compared to non-ESBL-producing bacteria. Conclusion: A high proportion of ESBL was identified in isolates from flies caught in the hospital compound compared with isolates of flies collected at a distance of 1.5 km from the hospital. Flies can be potential vectors for transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria within hospitals. Further studies are needed to determine the source of MDR colonization in flies and possible impact of MDR for nosocomial infections.
The effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet autonomous region of China
Authors: Wang Ying , Ma Bing-Cheng , Wang Liying , Quzhen Gongsang , Pang Hua-Sheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China, Tibet Autonomous Region （TAR）is one of the most serious prevalent areas where the prevalence of echinococcosis in 2016 was 1.66% in humans and dog infection rate was 7.30%. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR where the prevalence of echinococcosis in 2016 was 1.55% in humans and in dog infection rate was 7.28%.Dogs are the main infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaignbased on dog management has been conductedin the past three years. This study is toevaluate the effects of dog management on infection rate of dogs.Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of 7 counties/district in Linzhi from 2017 to 2019 were collected. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of7 counties/district in Linzhiin 2019 to determine the infection of dogsusing coproantigen ELISA. Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS.Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population decreased from 17407 in 2017, 16512 in 2018, to 12663 in 2019, whilethe registration rate increased from 75.92% in 2017, 95.48% in 2018, to 98.64% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog populationdecreased from 14336 in 2017, 13067 in 2018, to 11837 in 2019, while sheltered rateincreased from 84.63% in 2017, 92.32% in 2018, to 96.63% in 2019.Dog de-worming frequency increased from 4 times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating almost every dog was dewormed monthly. A total of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.84% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than7.28% (45/618) in 2016 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Increased dog registration, decreased dog population and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decreased dog infection rate in Linzhi, TAR. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management can significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp in echinococcosis endemic areas.