bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning algorithm to predict in-hospital mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Kivelev Juri V. , Krivoshapkin Alexey L. , Sufianov Albert A. 
Published: December 2024

Machine learning (ML) methodology surpasses the traditional tools of statistical analysis in processing big data clinical datasets .Aim. To develop an ML algorithm of application of recurrent neural network to analyze clinical datasets of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Materials and methods. A big data registry included retrospective data from 2,631 patients with an arterial aneurysm. From these, 390 individuals were selected who required treatment for SAH in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting. The raw dataset contained 7290 features, from which 12 features were selected to train the following ML models: logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, multilayer perceptron and long short-term memory network (LSTM) were tested. Data preprocessing and modeling were provided in Python (version 3.11.4) using scikitlearn, tensorfl ow, keras and hyperopt libraries. The values and 95% confi dence intervals (CI) of AUROC and AURPC, predictive value, specifi city and sensitivity were calculated.Results. We recruited 246 (63%) females and 144 (37%) males with mean age of 54±12.9 years. Death occurred in 133 (34%) patients including 33 patients deceased during 24 hours after admission. The best model for predicting lethal outcome was LSTM. After comparison with other ML algorithms LSTM showed the highest predictive values (AUROC – 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72–0.92, AURPC – 0.62; 95% CI 0.39–0.81) in term of in-hospital mortality. For the period in ICU from day 3 to day 6, the model’s positive predictive value was 0.83, sensitivity 0.95 and specifi city 0.58.Conclusions. LSTM may be applied to development of automatic algorithms in management of critically ill patients after SAH.
Development of an Immunoassay for the Detection and Diagnosis of Microbially Influenced Corrosion Caused by Methanogenic Archaea
Authors: Lahme Sven , Mantilla Aguas Jorge 
Published: December 2024

Microbially-influenced corrosion (MIC) is a costly problem across several industries. The steadily rising use of advanced molecular biological methods to investigate MIC allowed ever deeper insights into the underlying microbial community structure and function. However, currently available technologies do not allow accurate detection and diagnosis of MIC in the field. The recent discovery of a special hydrogenase in certain corrosive methanogenic Archaea allowed for the development of a first-ever MIC biomarker termed here micH. The micH gene encodes the large subunit of a special [NiFe] hydrogenase involved in MIC. Here we describe the development of a recombinant antibody that enables the specific and sensitive detection of the MicH protein in Western blot immunoassays. Using a recombinant MicH protein we determined the lower limit of detection per assay to be around 0.3 fg MicH. The immunoassay was able to detect a strong signal for the MicH protein in micH-positive pure cultures of Methanobacterium-like. strain IM1 that was cultivated on iron granules, and the signal was over 500 times lower in a micH-negative Methanococcus maripaludis S2 culture. To further evaluate the ability to differentiate corrosive from noncorrosive microbial communities, we tested ten oil field enrichment cultures that showed a wide range of corrosion rates (0.02 mm/y to 0.48 mm/y). We detected the MicH protein in planktonic (36.5 pg/mL to 1473.5 pg/mL) and carbon steel biofilm samples (41.0 pg/cm2 to 7971.3 pg/cm2) from corrosive methanogenic enrichments (0.17 mm/y to 0.48 mm/y) but did not detect MicH in any of the noncorrosive tests (&lt;0.08 mm/y) despite methanogenic activity. The results indicate that corrosion was likely caused by methanogenic Archaea expressing a corrosive [NiFe] hydrogenase and that the newly developed MicH-specific immunoassay can detect and monitor their activity. The development of specific and sensitive immunoassays to detect a MIC biomarker allows corrosion scientists and field practitioners to detect and monitor the activity of corrosive methanogenic Archaea.
Indigenous Homelands and American Homesteads
Authors: Witgen Michael John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Exchange—ritualized gift giving, trade, and intermarriage—bound together the Assiniboine, the Cree, and the Ojibweg as allies since the late seventeenth century. Their alliance proved critical to the development of French, English, and, later, American and Canadian trading operations that relied on commerce with the peoples of the Northwest interior. The story of captive adoptee Zhaazhaawanibiisens (born John Tanner) provides a provocative look at how this Indigenous social world was transformed in the wake of settler colonialism. As his story highlights, creating treaty conditions that would terminate Indigenous custom was as much a moral issue as it was a matter of national security for the U.S. Republic. The Treaty of Saginaw represented the emergence of a political economy of plunder that would come to define American expansion in the Old Northwest. With the extinction of Native title, vast tracts of Indigenous lands were transferred into public domain, creating a market monopoly in western land for the federal government and subsidizing the expansion of white property ownership in the form of homesteads. In this new political landscape, the status of mixed-race peoples and captive adoptees became precarious.
In Pursuit of Health Equity
Authors: Carter Eric D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Throughout Latin America, social medicine has been widely recognized for its critical perspectives on mainstream understandings of health and for its progressive policy achievements. Nevertheless, it has been an elusive subject: hard to define, with puzzling historical discontinuities and misconceptions about its origins. Drawing on a vast archive and with an ambitious narrative scope that transcends national borders, Eric D. Carter offers the first comprehensive intellectual and political history of the social medicine movement in Latin America, from the early twentieth century to the present day. While maintaining a consistent focus on health equity, social medicine has evolved with changing conditions in the region. Carter shows how it shaped early Latin American welfare states, declined with the dominance of midcentury technocratic health planning, resurged in the 1970s in solidarity against authoritarian regimes, and later resisted neoliberal reforms of the health sector. He centers socialist and anarchist doctors, political exiles, intellectuals, populist leaders, and rebellious technocrats from Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and other countries who responded to and shaped a dynamic political environment around health equity. The lessons from this history will inform new thinking about how to achieve health equity in the twenty-first century.
Networks
Authors: Carter Eric D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the international networks that influenced ideas and policy in social medicine in the 1930s and 1940s in Latin America, focusing on institutional networks organized by the League of Nations Health Organization, the International Labor Organization, and the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau. After examining the architecture of these networks, this chapter traces their influence on social and health policy in Latin America. Closer scrutiny of a series of international conferences and local media accounts of them reveals that international networks were not just “conveyor belts” for policy ideas from the industrialized countries of the US and Europe into Latin America; rather, there was often contentious debate over the relevance and appropriateness of health and social policy models in the Latin American context. The chapter also examines the role of a small group of Latin American socialists, who were mostly peripheral to the episteme of international health but would influence social medicine in the 1930s and even more so in the long run.
Politics
Authors: Carter Eric D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter reexamines the conventional narrative of Chilean social medicine by moving Salvador Allende out of the spotlight, highlighting the institutional structures developed ahead of his involvement, including an obligatory state-run social insurance system; discussing other key figures, include Allende’s (usual) allies in the AMECH (the Chilean Medical Association) as well as his influential rival, Eduardo Cruz-Coke, whose social medicine thought drew on Catholic social doctrine, not socialism; and presenting social medicine as a relatively open domain that encompassed varied analytics of the political, economic, and social causes of health crisis, while entertaining a world of alternative models for constructing a strong welfare state that would protect public health via the management of technical and scientific experts. Amidst ideological conflicts, comity was maintained through practices of professional deference and mutual respect, well-developed social networks, and recognition of shared class interests. Social medicine was a fluid field of policy experiment, where participants drew inspiration from a hodgepodge of internationally available health policy options and worked to adapt them to their subjective impressions of Chilean realities.
Conclusion
Authors: Carter Eric D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Returning to major themes of the book, chapter begins with an in-depth discussion of two questions raised in the book’s introduction, regarding the role of expert networks and the question of political will. Then, it offers some key conclusions about the history of Latin American social medicine that emerge from the book’s narrative, which covers several decades across a large region with diverse national experiences. Shortcomings of the analysis and opportunities for further research are also discussed.
Making Ka’a South American, 1520s–1810s
Authors: Pite Rebekah E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of how a native plant introduced to the Spanish by the Guaraní became a high-status commodity that European artists associated with elites of European heritage born in the New World, even as it was enjoyed by men and women of all socioeconomic backgrounds within colonial South America. Yerba mate made its way from Paraguay across most Spanish-held territory in the region, specifically the Viceroyalty of Peru and the Viceroyalty of La Plata. In native forests and on Jesuit plantations, indigenous laborers toiled in the harvesting and production of yerba. Given the book’s focus on how the emergence of nations shaped yerba as a commodity and mate as a ritual, this chapter allows us to see how the colonial era initiated a new phase in the exploitative production and massive consumption of a stimulating plant native to the upper Río de la Plata region that endures to this day.
Taking the Herb of Paraguay, 1860s–1910s
Authors: Pite Rebekah E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of how South America’s Great War (also referred to as the War of the Triple Alliance or the Paraguayan War) dramatically shifted the dynamics of yerba production and consumption. It helps us understand the impact of the privatization of the Paraguayan yerba industry after the war and leftist writers’ increased attention to the exploitation of yerba workers. It also examines why Paraguay acquired national symbols that differed from those of its neighbors in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While prewar visual culture emphasized Paraguayan locals’ regular consumption of yerba, in the postwar era, another picture emerged. In postcards and other manifestations of visual culture seeking to represent national customs, Paraguay was depicted as a land of women and agricultural production, rather than a site of consumption or gauchos. These national symbols portrayed as a country meant to serve others in the region whatever they desired.
Picturing Mate as Rural in Argentina and Uruguay, 1870s–1920s
Authors: Pite Rebekah E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the most dramatic changes with regards to the practice and representation of mate drinking in the lower Platine republics of Argentina and Uruguay from the 1870s to the 1920s. We first explore the reasons behind urban elites’ in Buenos Aires move away from mate drinking in public, and then shift to immigrants’ interest in adopting this local ritual. In the second half of the chapter, we witness a shift in the visual depiction of mate drinking in paintings, photographs, and especially postcards purporting to represent national culture. Tracing this visual culture over time enables us to see how and why the rural figures of the gaucho and the china became, respectively, the most important mate drinker and the most important mate server on both sides of the Río de la Plata.
Premeditation
Authors: Swanson Drew A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The introduction provides background on the notorious 1870 assassination of North Carolina state senator John Stephens by a group of Ku Klux Klan conspirators led by John Lea. It situates this event within the broader context of North Carolina’s Reconstruction, arguing that it was a crucial turning point in the post-Civil War state. The introduction also discusses the importance of place, labor, and public memory in creating local meaning, and outlines the effectiveness of microhistory in illuminating the details of the past.
Prior Appropriation
Authors: Swanson Drew A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 opens with an account of John Lea’s 1919 confession to orchestrating Stephen’s assassination. This was the fullest account of the murder to date and was sealed by the North Carolina Historical Commission and prominent state officials like R. D. W. Connor at Lea’s request, to be made public only after his death in 1935. The chapter then details the change in interpretation of both the assassination and North Carolina’s Reconstruction experience that came with a wave of revisionist historians in the 1960s. Although these new histories fundamentally shifted academic understandings of the period, they did relatively little to change popular stories about Stephens or Reconstruction at the state and local levels. Within North Carolina the work of the Dunning School proved remarkably durable.
Wondrous Transformations
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Harry Benjamin (1885-1986), a German-born endocrinologist, was a pivotal figure in the development of transgender medicine. He was physician to transgender pioneers such as Christine Jorgensen, the 1950s “Ex-GI" turned “Blonde Beauty” media sensation, and in turn, she and other collaborators helped to shape Benjamin's influential 1966 book, The Transsexual Phenomenon. Alison Li’s much-needed biography of Benjamin chronicles his passion for hormones and his lifelong interest in sexology.
Drawing from extensive research in archival documents, secondary sources, and interviews, Li tells the story of Benjamin’s early ventures in gerontology and his later work with over a thousand transgender patients. Benjamin’s contributions to treatment, education, research, and networking helped to create the institutional foundations of transgender medicine. Moreover, they set the stage for a radical reconsideration of gender identity, challenging us to reflect upon what it is to be male or female and to envision moving beyond these long–held categories.
Part of That Power, Not Understood
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In February 1913, Harry Benjamin arrived in New York as clinical assistant to Friedrich Franz Friedmann, a physician who claimed to have developed a treatment for tuberculosis. Friedmann’s party was the focus of much publicity and attracted crowds of desperate tuberculosis patients. Benjamin broke with Friedmann when it became apparent to him that Friedmann’s claims were not warranted. Benjamin survived on odd jobs until July 1915, when he had an opportunity to return to Germany. His ship was at sea when the First World War broke out, leaving him an enemy alien in England. After several months, he was permitted to return to the United States.
A Black Cloud Lifting
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Harry Benjamin introduced the Steinach Operation to the US and was a leading proponent of Steinach’s ideas. In 1921, author Gertrude Atherton underwent the Steinach therapy for rejuvenation under the care of Harry Benjamin. Feeling greatly restored, she went on to write the best-selling novel Black Oxen, which was published by Horace Liveright. The novel was later made into a popular film. The story, a fictional account of rejuvenation, brought much public attention to the Steinach treatment and to Benjamin’s work.
In the Border Fields
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Many researchers and clinicians were drawn to endocrinology in the 1920s and 1930s by the promise of a greater understanding of physiology and the possibility of finding new therapies. Enthusiasts thought hormones might to be the key to understanding sex, growth, aging, metabolism, behavior and even inheritance, and that finding ways to control or manipulate these functions might allow scientists and physicians not only to treat disease but to shape human destiny. Harry Benjamin’s practice focused on gerontology, but he worked in the borders of conventional medicine and was at times viewed with suspicion by the medical community. Morris Fishbein, the editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association, mocked rejuvenation therapy in his book Medical Follies. Benjamin brought a libel suit against Fishbein and the publisher, Liveright. At the same time, Benjamin was engaged in a leading-edge enterprise with physiological chemists Benjamin Harrow and Casimir Funk, an attempt to isolate and mass manufacture a hormone from the testes. Benjamin married Greta Gülzow, known as Gretchen, who became a loving wife and helpmate to him. They lived a glamourous life, and Benjamin served an elite clientele in his Park Avenue office.
Wanderer between Two Worlds
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Harry Benjamin regularly visited Berlin and Vienna during the 1920s and early 1930s and saw himself as serving as a bridge for the ideas of Magnus Hirschfeld and Eugen Steinach in the US. Some of the earliest-known hormone and surgical treatments for gender transition were carried out at Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Science. Patients included Dora Richter and Lili Elbe. In 1930, Benjamin hosted Hirschfeld in New York at the start of his world lecture tour. Hirschfeld was away from Germany on 6 May 1933 when the Institute for Sexual Science was sacked by students backed by the Nazi Party. Hirschfeld died in exile in France in 1935. Eugen Steinach went into exile in Switzerland after Austria was annexed by Germany in 1938; the work of the Vivarium destroyed. Steinach died in 1944. Benjamin’s work in gerontology evolved as endocrinology science developed and more potent hormone products became available. Benjamin began treating Otto Spengler around 1925. Spengler identified as a transvestite and sought x-ray irradiation of his testes and estrogen therapy for the purpose of feminization. Spengler’s case is a link between Benjamin’s rejuvenation therapy and his later work in transgender care.
Changing the Body to Match the Mind
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Harry Benjamin established a summer office in San Francisco. In 1949, Benjamin treated Val Barry (pseudonym) who had been assigned male at birth. Benjamin was introduced to Barry by his friend and colleague the sexologist Alfred Kinsey. Benjamin provided Barry with estrogen therapy and assisted her in trying to obtain surgery for gender transition. Although Benjamin was in his 60s and had been considering retirement from his gerontology practice, this experience launched him into a whole new career in transgender care that would last over two decades. Benjamin became known in transgender networks as a sympathetic physician, and he began to treat a number of other transgender patients.
Defining Sex in the Atomic Age
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 1953, Harry Benjamin began a long association as friend and physician to transgender pioneer Christine Jorgensen when she returned to New York after her medical transition in Denmark. Jorgensen became a celebrity, bringing public attention to the lives of people who identified as transsexual. Benjamin’s practice in gerontology declined in the 1950s so he had time to begin writing up his clinical findings about his transgender patients. He was aided by his secretary, later research associate, Virginia Allen. Reed Erikson, a trans man, created the Erickson Educational Foundation which funded research, education and support for many areas, especially transsexualism. The Harry Benjamin Foundation was created in 1964, thanks to support from the Erickson Educational Foundation; it consisted of a community of physicians and psychologists gathered by Benjamin who were sympathetic to medical gender transition. Together, they conducted research to evaluate the success of their treatments and to investigate possible genetic, hormonal or neurophysiological factors underlying cross-gender identities.
The Transsexual Phenomenon
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
By the 1960s, Harry Benjamin was regarded as the foremost expert on transsexualism and anyone interested in the subject would probably have found their way to his office. He treated trans pioneers such as Jan Morris and Renée Richards. Benjamin’s sympathetic manner and deep concern for his patients was admired by many. In 1966, Benjamin published the ground-breaking book The Transsexual Phenomenon, the first major text to define transsexualism in clinical terms and to argue for compassionate treatment. It caused a sea-change in public awareness of transgender identity and influenced a generation of transgender people and their health professionals. John Money and other researchers consulted with Benjamin and used his large collection of clinical data to support setting up university-based services for transgender people. Gender identity clinics offering surgery for gender transition opened at Johns Hopkins in 1966 and soon after at the University of Minnesota, Northwestern University, Stanford University and the University of Washington. Benjamin’s views on transsexualism continued to evolve over the years. In 1979, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association was named in his honor. Benjamin retired in 1975 at the age of 90.
Epilogue
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The epilogue briefly examines the changes experienced by the trans community since Harry Benjamin’s death, including the rise of the transgender rights movement and the emergence of a greater understanding of the many varieties of trans experience. Benjamin’s legacy is as a compassionate, though somewhat paternalistic, advocate for his transsexual patients who, in his day, was the world’s most prominent expert on transsexuality. Benjamin’s early work in rejuvenation and his later work in transgender care are linked by his fascination with hormonal therapies and his conviction that he should use his skills to alleviate suffering where he could. In 2006, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association changed its name to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health to dissociate itself from a pathological view of gender nonconformity. The stories of trans elders Aleshia Brevard, Jennifer Finney Boylan and Jan Morris reveal an increasingly complex understanding of trans identity and aging.