bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of putative medium spiny neurons and fast‐spiking interneurons to reward‐related sensory signals in Wistar and genetically hypertensive rats
Authors: Perk Christopher G. , Wickens Jeffery R. , Hyland Brian I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMedium spiny neurons (MSN) are the primary output neurons of the striatum. Their activity is modulated by exogenous afferents and local circuit inputs, including fast‐spiking interneurons (FSI). Altered responses of MSN and FSI may account for altered reward‐driven behaviour in hyperactive rat strains, such as the genetically hypertensive (GH) rat. To investigate whether striatal neuron responses differ between GH and Wistar rats, we recorded putative MSNs (pMSN) and FSI (pFSI) from freely moving GH and Wistar rats in a classically conditioned (Pavlovian) cue‐reward association paradigm. Here, the same auditory cue signal predicted reward delivery in one block of trials, but was not followed by reward in another. The significance of the cue as a reward predictor was indicated during each block by an environmental context provided by the house light. The results showed that pMSN in GH rats, but not Wistar rats, were more sensitive to the auditory signal in the context indicating no‐reward, than in the reward context. Such enhanced sensitivity to cues in a no‐reward context may contribute to a specific deficit in instrumental behaviour seen in GH rats, which maintain higher levels of instrumental responding in a context that indicates responding will not be rewarded. In addition, pFSI also responded to auditory signals, but there was no significant effect of reward context. Surprisingly, given their known feed‐forward role, pFSI responded at longer latency than pMSN, suggesting that relative timing of activity in the two populations may be task specific.
Biological concepts in human sodium channel epilepsies and their relevance in clinical practice
Authors: Brunklaus Andreas , Du Juanjiangmeng , Steckler Felix , Ghanty Ismael I. , Johannesen Katrine M. , Fenger Christina Dühring , Schorge Stephanie , Baez‐Nieto David , Wang Hao‐Ran , Allen Andrew , Pan Jen Q. , Lerche Holger , Heyne Henrike , Symonds Joseph D. , Zuberi Sameer M. , Sanders Stephan , Sheidley Beth R. , Craiu Dana , Olson Heather E. , Weckhuysen Sarah , DeJonge Peter , Helbig Ingo , Van Esch Hilde , Busa Tiffany , Milh Matthieu , Isidor Bertrand , Depienne Christel , Poduri Annapurna , Campbell Arthur J. , Dimidschstein Jordane , Møller Rikke S. , Lal Dennis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveVoltage‐gated sodium channels (SCNs) share similar amino acid sequence, structure, and function. Genetic variants in the four human brain‐expressed SCN genes SCN1A/2A/3A/8A have been associated with heterogeneous epilepsy phenotypes and neurodevelopmental disorders. To better understand the biology of seizure susceptibility in SCN‐related epilepsies, our aim was to determine similarities and differences between sodium channel disorders, allowing us to develop a broader perspective on precision treatment than on an individual gene level alone.MethodsWe analyzed genotype‐phenotype correlations in large SCN‐patient cohorts and applied variant constraint analysis to identify severe sodium channel disease. We examined temporal patterns of human SCN expression and correlated functional data from in vitro studies with clinical phenotypes across different sodium channel disorders.ResultsComparing 865 epilepsy patients (504 SCN1A, 140 SCN2A, 171 SCN8A, four SCN3A, 46 copy number variation [CNV] cases) and analysis of 114 functional studies allowed us to identify common patterns of presentation. All four epilepsy‐associated SCN genes demonstrated significant constraint in both protein truncating and missense variation when compared to other SCN genes. We observed that age at seizure onset is related to SCN gene expression over time. Individuals with gain‐of‐function SCN2A/3A/8A missense variants or CNV duplications share similar characteristics, most frequently present with early onset epilepsy (<3 months), and demonstrate good response to sodium channel blockers (SCBs). Direct comparison of corresponding SCN variants across different SCN subtypes illustrates that the functional effects of variants in corresponding channel locations are similar; however, their clinical manifestation differs, depending on their role in different types of neurons in which they are expressed.SignificanceVariant function and location within one channel can serve as a surrogate for variant effects across related sodium channels. Taking a broader view on precision treatment suggests that in those patients with a suspected underlying genetic epilepsy presenting with neonatal or early onset seizures (<3 months), SCBs should be considered.
Acclimation of leaf respiration consistent with optimal photosynthetic capacity
Authors: Wang Han , Atkin Owen K. , Keenan Trevor F. , Smith Nicholas G. , Wright Ian J. , Bloomfield Keith J. , Kattge Jens , Reich Peter B. , Prentice I. Colin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlant respiration is an important contributor to the proposed positive global carbon‐cycle feedback to climate change. However, as a major component, leaf mitochondrial (‘dark’) respiration (Rd) differs among species adapted to contrasting environments and is known to acclimate to sustained changes in temperature. No accepted theory explains these phenomena or predicts its magnitude. Here we propose that the acclimation of Rd follows an optimal behaviour related to the need to maintain long‐term average photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax) so that available environmental resources can be most efficiently used for photosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we extend photosynthetic co‐ordination theory to predict the acclimation of Rd to growth temperature via a link to Vcmax, and compare predictions to a global set of measurements from 112 sites spanning all terrestrial biomes. This extended co‐ordination theory predicts that field‐measured Rd and Vcmax accessed at growth temperature (Rd,tg and Vcmax,tg) should increase by 3.7% and 5.5% per degree increase in growth temperature. These acclimated responses to growth temperature are less steep than the corresponding instantaneous responses, which increase 8.1% and 9.9% per degree of measurement temperature for Rd and Vcmax respectively. Data‐fitted responses proof indistinguishable from the values predicted by our theory, and smaller than the instantaneous responses. Theory and data are also shown to agree that the basal rates of both Rd and Vcmax assessed at 25°C (Rd,25 and Vcmax,25) decline by ~4.4% per degree increase in growth temperature. These results provide a parsimonious general theory for Rd acclimation to temperature that is simpler—and potentially more reliable—than the plant functional type‐based leaf respiration schemes currently employed in most ecosystem and land‐surface models.
Quantifying determinants of ozone detoxification by apoplastic ascorbate in peach (Prunus persica) leaves using a model of ozone transport and reaction
Authors: Dai Lulu , Kobayashi Kazuhiko , Nouchi Isamu , Masutomi Yuji , Feng Zhaozhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAscorbate in leaf apoplast (ASCapo) reacts with ozone (O3) and thereby reduces O3 flux reaching plasmalemma (Fpl). Some studies have shown significant protection of cells from O3 by ASCapo, while others have questioned its efficacy. Hypothesizing that the protection by ASCapo depends on other variables, we quantified determinants of O3 detoxification with a model of O3 transport and reaction in apoplast. The model determines ascorbic acid concentration in apoplast (AAapo) using measured values of O3 concentration (co), leaf tissue ascorbic acid concentration (AAleaf), cell wall thickness (L3), apoplastic pH (pHapo), and stomatal conductance (Gsw). We compared the measured and model‐estimated AAapo in leaves of peach (Prunus persica) grown in open‐top chambers under non‐filtered air (NF) and elevated (EO3: NF + 80 ppb) O3 concentrations. The estimated AAapo in individual leaves agreed well with the measured values (R2 = .91). Analyses of the simulation results yielded the following findings: (a) The efficacy of O3 reduction with ASCapo as quantified by fractional reduction (ϕ3) of O3 flux at the surface of plasmalemma (Fpl) was lowered from 70% in NF to 40% in EO3 due to the reduction of L3. The EO3 reduced AAapo, but the lower Gsw and L3 in EO3 increased AAapo resulting in no significant change in AAapo due to EO3. ϕ3 can be calculated with measured values of AAapo and L3, and Fpl can be estimated with the measurement‐based ϕ3. (b) When c0 is increased, Fpl increased curvilinearly with the increase of Fst: nominal O3 flux via stomatal diffusion, exhibiting apparent threshold on Fst. The deviation of Fpl from Fst became greater when L3, pHapo, and AAleaf were increased. The quantification of ϕ3 and Fpl using leaf traits shall facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of differential plant sensitivity to O3 and improve quantification of the O3 impacts on plants.
Why do universities have little systemic impact with social innovation? An institutional logics perspective
Authors: Cinar Ridvan , Benneworth Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSocial innovation has been increasingly regarded as an instrument through which transformative structural change, necessary to address grand societal challenges can be achieved. Social innovations are encouraged by the emergence of innovation systems that support changes not exclusively driven by a techno‐economic rationality. In the context of this special issue, there has been both little understanding of social innovation systems within mainstream innovation ecosystem approaches and little analysis of the roles played by universities in social innovation systems. We here focus on the institutional complexity of universities and their field‐level dynamics as serving as a potential break on the institutionalisation of social innovation. To deepen our understanding of this, we utilise a literature around institutional logics to foreground characteristics of organisational fields with regard to social innovation. Drawing on empirical data gathered in two public universities located in different countries, we show that in one case the potential of social innovation is undermined by two dominant institutional logics, in the other its permeation across the organisational field is seriously challenged by a more powerful dominant logic. The institutional logic approach is useful to highlighting the barriers to building productive innovation ecosystems incorporating social considerations, and helps to explain the persistent difficulties in reframing ecosystems approaches to reflect wider societal dynamics.
Assessment of self‐/parent‐reported quality of life in Japanese children with haemophilia using the Japanese version of KIDSCREEN‐52
Authors: Furuichi Yasuko , Nogami Keiji , Yada Koji , Nezu Satoko , Obayashi Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Kurumatani Norio , Nakajima Mitsuru , Kinoshita Seiji , Shima Midori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionAssessing health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is critical for providing comprehensive clinical care to patients with haemophilia. HRQOL in individuals with similar cultural backgrounds should be compared using internationally standardized, generic questionnaires.AimTo evaluate self‐/parent‐assessed HRQOL in Japanese children and adolescents with haemophilia A or B.MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 8‐18 years were enrolled. The haemophilia group comprised families with haemophilia, and the control group comprised those without chronic illness. HRQOL was assessed using the self‐/parent‐reported questionnaire KIDSCREEN‐52, the Japanese version. The Oslo 3‐Item Social Support Scale was investigated.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 36 families in the haemophilia group and 160 parents and children in the control group. Haemophilia children aged 8‐12 years had lower scores for ‘moods and emotions’ than control children; the parents had lower scores in the haemophilia group than in the control group for ‘moods and emotions’, ‘social support and peers’, and ‘school environment’. No significant differences in HRQOL were observed between both groups of adolescents aged 13‐18 years or their parents. Neck‐shoulder pain was associated with a low psychological state, including ‘self‐perception’, but other joint pains did not affect the outcomes of the HRQOL indices. Social support weaknesses were associated with low physical and psychological states, whereas unexpected hospital visits identified low values for ‘self‐perception’, ‘autonomy’, and ‘school environment’.ConclusionProactive mental and clinical care in haemophilia families, especially with young children, will foster a better environment for patients and their parents and ease concerns about progress in haemophilia.
The Trinity as our Ecclesial Program? Assessing Miroslav Volf’s Trinitarian Theology of the Church
Authors: Fields C. Ryan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article argues that while there are missteps in Mirolsav Volf’s proposal of a trinitarian theology of the church, his impulse to coordinate these doctrines is to be commended and built upon. Specifically it argues that Volf falters by moving from intra‐trinitarian relations to an ethical‐structural orientation for the church too quickly, but that alternative models of coordination can succeed to the extent that they follow a proper progression of dogmatic grounding from God’s triune processions through the triune missions to a constitution of the church’s being, then to an orientation of the church’s mission and, finally, to a determination of the church’s organization and ethics.
Sociodemographic Profiles and the Causes of Regular Venezuelan Emigration
Authors: Mazuera‐Arias Rina , Albornoz‐Arias Neida , Cuberos María‐Antonia , Vivas‐García Marisela , Morffe Peraza Miguel Ángel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe following study examines the characteristics of the Venezuelan emigrant population which crossed the border between Táchira state (Venezuela) and La Parada, Villa del Rosario Municipality, North Santander (Colombia) between April 9th and May 6th of 2018. The data were collected through a structured survey with 14,578 respondents. Using multiple correspondence factor analysis and positioning maps, we identified three different emigrant profiles that have a single fundamental cause of emigration: the current economic situation. These three groups differ in age, education level, and marital status. Profile 3 stands out as it is formed by single, young professionals who feel uncertainty because they do not think they can have a prosperous future in Venezuela. We conclude with an acknowledgement of the current humanitarian crisis (around both food and health) in Venezuela and the need to generate inclusive migratory policies in host countries.
Does the evidence justify routine transfer of residents of aged care facilities for CT scan after minor head trauma?
Authors: Green Lorne , Selleck Lucy , Gibbons Michael , Klim Sharon , Ritchie Peter , Patel Rajesh , Pham Chris (Chi Hong Phuc) , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2014, the South Australian coroner recommended that residents of residential aged care facilities (RACF) who had sustained a head injury should be transported to emergency departments (ED) for assessment and a head CT scan, with the view to preventing mortality. The evidence base for the recommendation is unclear.AimsTo determine the rate of emergent intervention (neurosurgery, transfusion of blood products or reversal of anti‐coagulation) in residents transferred to ED with minor head trauma who had their usual cognitive function on ED assessment.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study by medical records review at two university‐affiliated community ED. Participants were patients from RACF attending ED who had suffered minor head trauma and had their usual cognitive function. Exclusions were altered conscious state, new neurological findings or associated orthopaedic injury requiring hospital admission. The primary outcome was rate of emergent intervention in residents transferred to ED with minor head trauma who had their usual cognitive function on ED assessment.ResultsA total of 366 patients was studied; median age 86 years, 45% taking anti‐coagulant/anti‐platelet medication. Eighty per cent underwent head CT. Six per cent had intracranial haemorrhage (ICH; 95% CI 4–8.9%). No patient underwent neurosurgery. One had emergent intervention, reversal of anti‐coagulation (0.3%, 95% CI 0.05–1.5%).ConclusionThe rate of emergent intervention for ICH in patients from RACF who sustained a minor head trauma but had their normal cognitive function was <1%. None underwent neurosurgical intervention. The low rate of intervention seriously challenges the appropriateness of routine transfer and CT for this patient group.
The HOPE Asia Network activity for “zero” cardiovascular events in Asia: Overview 2020
Authors: Kario Kazuomi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impact of hypertension‐related cardiovascular disease and target organ damage, and therefore the benefits of blood pressure (BP) control, is greater in Asian than in Western countries. Asia‐specific features of hypertension and its effective management are important and active areas of research. The Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia (HOPE Asia) Network was formed in 2016 and is now a member of the World Hypertension League. The main goal of the HOPE Asia Network is to improve the management of hypertension and organ protection toward achieving “zero” cardiovascular events in Asia. Considerable work has already been done on the journey to achieving this goal. We have shown that BP control status in Asia differs between countries, and even between regions within the same country. Several expert panel consensus recommendations and clinical guidance papers are available to support the use of home and ambulatory BP monitoring in the region. In addition, the AsiaBP@Home study prospectively investigated home BP control status across 15 specialist centers using the same validated device and measurement schedule. We have also proposed the concept of systemic hemodynamic atherothrombotic syndrome (SHATS), a vicious cycle of BP variability and vascular disease on cardiovascular events and organ damage, and suggested a SHATS score for risk stratification for clinical practice. This special issue of the journal collates Asia‐specific resources and data, contributing to advances in hypertension management and cardiovascular disease prevention in the region.
The relationship between nocturnal blood pressure drop and body composition indices among hypertensive patients
Authors: Candan Selcuk , Candan Ozlem Ozdemir , Karabag Turgut 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmong hypertensive subjects, the lack of physiological blood pressure drop as part of diurnal blood pressure variations is termed as non‐dipper blood pressure. Herein, we investigated the relationship between hypertension character and body composition indices. This study included a total of 104 patients (54 M, mean age: 47.6 ± 12.1 years). Patients' heights, weights, and waist and hip circumferences were measured, and body composition indices were calculated. All patients' office blood pressure measurements and 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure readings were recorded. A blood pressure drop of at least 10% compared with daytime blood pressure readings is called dipper blood pressure, while a drop of less than 10% is termed as non‐dipper blood pressure. Based on ambulatory blood pressure readings, the patients were grouped into Group 1 (dipper pattern; 51 pts, 34 M, mean age 45.6 ± 12.3) and Group 2 (non‐dipper pattern, 53 pts; 20 M, mean age 49.6 ± 11.6). The proportion of females and smokers were significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2. BRI, BAI, waist‐to‐height ratio, and waist circumference were significantly higher in Group 2 than Group 1. There were significant positive correlations between body roundness index (BRI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist‐to‐weight ratio, and WC and nocturnal mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. Percent systolic nocturnal drop was significantly correlated with waist‐to‐height ratio, BAI, and BRI. Similarly, percent diastolic nocturnal drop and waist‐to‐height ratio, BAI, and BRI were correlated. In conclusion, the relatively new body composition indices, namely BRI and BAI, are more closely related to nocturnal blood pressure readings among non‐dipper subjects.
Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences among transcriptional subtypes of glioblastoma
Authors: Pan Yuan‐Bo , Wang Siqi , Yang Biao , Jiang Zhenqi , Lenahan Cameron , Wang Jianhua , Zhang Jianmin , Shao Anwen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing molecular signatures, previous studies have defined glioblastoma (GBM) subtypes with different phenotypes, such as the proneural (PN), neural (NL), mesenchymal (MES) and classical (CL) subtypes. However, the gene programmes underlying the phenotypes of these subtypes were less known. We applied weighted gene co‐expression network analysis to establish gene modules corresponding to various subtypes. RNA‐seq and immunohistochemical data were used to validate the expression of identified genes. We identified seven molecular subtype‐specific modules and several candidate signature genes for different subtypes. Next, we revealed, for the first time, that radioresistant/chemoresistant gene signatures exist only in the PN subtype, as described by Verhaak et al, but do not exist in the PN subtype described by Phillips et al PN subtype. Moreover, we revealed that the tumour cells in the MES subtype GBMs are under ER stress and that angiogenesis and the immune inflammatory response are both significantly elevated in this subtype. The molecular basis of these biological processes was also uncovered. Genes associated with alternative RNA splicing are up‐regulated in the CL subtype GBMs, and genes pertaining to energy synthesis are elevated in the NL subtype GBMs. In addition, we identified several survival‐associated genes that positively correlated with glioma grades. The identified intrinsic characteristics of different GBM subtypes can offer a potential clue to the pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets for various subtypes.
Arctigenin prevents the progression of osteoarthritis by targeting PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB axis: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Tang Shangkun , Zhou Weijun , Zhong Xinyang , Xu Jianchen , Huang Huasong , Zheng Xinnan , Zhang Jingkang , Yang Shuyue , Shang Ping , Tang Qian , Liu Haixiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), which is principally featured by progressive joint metabolic imbalance and subsequent degeneration of articular cartilage, is a common chronic joint disease. Arctigenin (ATG), a dietary phyto‐oestrogen, has been described to have potent anti‐inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, its protective effects on OA have not been clearly established. The target of our following study is to evaluate the protective effects of ATG on IL‐1β–induced human OA chondrocytes and mouse OA model. Our results revealed that the ATG pre‐treatment effectively decreases the level of pro‐inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitrous oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) in IL‐1β–induced human chondrocytes. In addition, ATG protects against the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) under the stimulation of IL‐1β and the possible mechanism might be connected with the inactivation of phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) axis. Furthermore, a powerful binding capacity between ATG and PI3K was also uncovered in our molecular docking research. Meanwhile, ATG may act as a protector on the mouse OA model. Collectively, all these findings suggest that ATG could be utilized as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.