bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolution and precipitation of copper-rich phases during heating and cooling of precipitation-hardening steel X5CrNiCuNb16-4 (17-4 PH)
Authors: Rowolt Christian , Milkereit Benjamin , Springer Armin , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Kessler Olaf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContinuous heating transformation (CHT) diagrams and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams of precipitation-hardening steels have the drawback that important information on the dissolution and precipitation of Cu-rich phases during continuous heating and cooling are missing. This work uses a comparison of different techniques, namely dilatometry and differential scanning calorimetry for the in situ analysis of the so far neglected dissolution and precipitation of Cu-rich phases during continuous heating and cooling to overcome these drawbacks. Compared to dilatometry, DSC is much more sensitive to phase transformation affecting small volume fractions, like precipitation. Thus, the important solvus temperature for the dissolution of Cu-rich phases was revealed from DSC and integrated into the CHT diagram. Moreover, DSC reveals that during continuous cooling from solution treatment, premature Cu-rich phases may form depending on cooling rate. Those quench-induced precipitates were analysed for a broad range of cooling rates and imaged for microstructural analysis using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This information substantially improves the CCT diagram.
Data Quality Monitoring Considerations for Implementation in High Performance Raw Signal Processing Real-time Systems with Use in Tokamak Facilities
Authors: Wojenski A. , Pozniak K. T. , Linczuk P. , Chernyshova M. , Kasprowicz G. , Mazon D. , Czarski T. , Krawczyk R. , Gaska M. , Malard P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractData quality of the tokamaks diagnostics is often a neglected topic. In literature it is rather rare to find considerations regarding the data quality received from the diagnostic systems’ sensors. The scope of the paper is to provide a discussion regarding systems’ construction and analysis in scope of implementation of data quality monitoring methods for a new generation of diagnostics. Mainly considerations are performed regarding the necessity of DQM (Data Quality Monitoring) implementation, functionality, performance and required system resources. The covered topics are related to basics of system construction including: system layout and construction blocks, data processing stages, signal processing modes, system construction with resource estimation in scope of DQM implementation. Based on the covered points, it is possible to plan the extra resources or specific construction, to provide reliable design with data quality monitoring features. The data quality monitoring aspect is especially important in the modern diagnostics working with a real-time feedback loop. Such approach could be especially interesting for the ITER-like projects, since the quality of the data may directly influence the behavior of the control systems during plasma phenomena. The work is based on experience in design work of various high performance diagnostic systems for plasma physics and high energy physics.
A Mode-Switchable Guided Elastic Wave Transducer
Authors: Köhler Bernd , Kim Yongtak , Chwelatiuk Konrad , Tschöke Kilian , Schubert Frank , Schubert Lars 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreasing the safety demands of various progressively complex structures (e.g., in aerospace, automotive engineering, and wind power technology) and the parallel goal of reducing inspection costs set new objectives in the field of ultrasonics and guided elastic wave measurements. The focus is to deliver applicable sensors attached permanently to a particular structure for on-demand inspections. Piezoelectric fiber patches (PFPs) are known as lightweight and structure-conforming transducers for guided elastic wave generation and detection. We propose a new PFP concept combining advantages of different previous designs. With the new approach, a user can switch between a Lamb wave and a shear horizontal wave excitation by partially changing the polarity of the transducer electrodes. After summarizing the existing PFP variants, the new concept is introduced and experimentally verified by a three-dimensional laser Doppler vibrometer visualization of excited waves. Moreover, the first prototype of the new PFP transducer is presented.
Molecular identification of Trichocera maculipennis, an invasive fly species in the Maritime Antarctic
Authors: Potocka Marta , Krzemińska Ewa , Gromadka Robert , Gawor Jan , Kocot-Zalewska Joanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrichocera maculipennis, an invasive Diptera, was described for the first time in Antarctica in 2006 in a sewage system of one of the scientific stations on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, and started to increase its distribution within the island. To date, only taxonomical description of this species, based on morphological data has been available, as there were no molecular data recorded. In the present study, we present two methods of molecular identification of this species—based on partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) genes. An appropriate and easy-to-use assay for proper and fast identification of invasive species is a key requirement for further management decisions, especially in such a fragile environment as found in terrestrial Antarctica.
Cerebellar Predominant Increase in mRNA Expression Levels of Sirt1 and Sirt3 Isoforms in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Salamon Andras , Maszlag-Török Rita , Veres Gábor , Boros Fanni Annamária , Vágvölgyi-Sümegi Evelin , Somogyi Anett , Vécsei László , Klivényi Péter , Zádori Dénes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe potential role of Sirt1 and Sirt2 subtypes of Sirtuins (class III NAD+-dependent deacetylases) in the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD) has been extensively studied yielding some controversial results. However, data regarding the involvement of Sirt3 and their variants in HD are considerably limited. The aim of this study was to assess the expression pattern of Sirt1 and three Sirt3 mRNA isoforms (Sirt3-M1/2/3) in the striatum, cortex and cerebellum in respect of the effect of gender, age and the presence of the transgene using the N171-82Q transgenic mouse model of HD. Striatal, cortical and cerebellar Sirt1-Fl and Sirt3-M1/2/3 mRNA levels were measured in 8, 12 and 16 weeks old N171-82Q transgenic mice and in their wild-type littermates. Regarding the striatum and cortex, the presence of the transgene resulted in a significant increase in Sirt3-M3 and Sirt1 mRNA levels, respectively, whereas in case of the cerebellum the transgene resulted in increased expression of all the assessed subtypes and isoforms. Aging exerted minor influence on Sirt mRNA expression levels, both in transgene carriers and in their wild-type littermates, and there was no interaction between the presence of the transgene and aging. Furthermore, there was no difference between genders. The unequivocal cerebellar Sirtuin activation with presumed compensatory role suggests that the cerebellum might be another key player in HD in addition to the most severely affected striatum. The mitochondrially acting Sirt3 may serve as an interesting novel therapeutic target in this deleterious condition.
The outcome of kidney transplant from living donors with pelvi-ureteric junction dysfunction
Authors: Tisljar Miroslav , Ali Hatem , Gledhill-Flynn Charlie , Garreus Mila , Ponnusamy Arvind , Ahmed Aimun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the effect of receiving a kidney with PUJ dysfunction on the recipient renal graft function.

Methodology
198 patients, who underwent renal transplantation from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2014 in a single Center in the North West of England, were retrospectively reviewed using a computerized database. Split kidney function and the PUJ dysfunction for the donors were assessed using Tc-99 m MAG3 renogram. Each recipient with PUJ dysfunction was matched with a control recipient by age, gender, and number of days after transplantation. Both groups were followed up for 3.5 years post-transplantation.

Results
Of the 198 recipients included in the study, 19 recipients received kidneys from donors with PUJ dysfunction. Prevalence of PUJ dysfunction was 9.5% and it was more common in males than females. There was no difference between the case group and the control group in terms of age, gender, and follow-up time post-transplantation. There was also no difference between the case group and the control group in mean creatinine (130 µmol/l and 138 µmol/l respectively, p = 0.305) or the mean eGFR (48.6 ml/min and 47.5 ml/min respectively, p = 0.054) at 3.5 year post-kidney transplantation.

Conclusion
This study showed that PUJ dysfunction of renal allograft has a negligible effect on graft function over 3.5 years period post-transplantation. A prospective randomized trial is needed to test these findings. In the presence of widened gap between demand and supply in renal transplantation, PUJ dysfunction in potential donors should not preclude them from donation.
The predictive value of BOAH scale for screening obstructive sleep apnea in patients at a sleep clinic in Scotland
Authors: Gabryelska Agata , Mokros Łukasz , Kardas Grzegorz , Panek Michał , Riha Renata , Białasiewicz Piotr 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of an original questionnaire for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the BOAH scale, and its ability to prioritize patients at high risk for OSA for polysomnography (PSG) examination.

Methods
The analysis included 273 patients referred to the Department of Sleep Medicine of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland. The BOAH scale is comprised of 5 parameters: BMI (≥ 30 kg/m2 gives 1 point, ≥ 35 kg/m2 2 points), presence of witnessed apneas during sleep (1 point), patient age ≥ 50 years (1 point), and history of hypertension (1 point). Patients were divided into three study groups depending on OSA severity defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): at least mild (AHI ≥ 5), at least moderate (AHI ≥ 15), and severe (AHI ≥ 30) OSA based on polysomnography examination.

Results
In the group of patients with severe OSA, the best BOAH cutoff point was 4 points based upon the Youden index. With 4 points, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.778 (95% CI 0.721–0.834). Sensitivity and specificity were 57% and 89%, respectively, yielding a positive and negative predictive value of 75% and 78%, respectively, for diagnosis of severe OSAS in a patient sample with a pre-test probability for severe OSA at 37%.

Conclusions
The BOAH scale in this group of Scottish patients performed comparably to other available questionnaires and scales while being shorter and simpler. The findings suggest that the BOAH scale should be considered as a useful instrument in OSA diagnosis and prioritization of high-risk patients for PSG examination.
A simple, realistic walled phantom for intravascular and intracardiac applications
Authors: Nisar Hareem , Moore John , Piazza Roberta , Maneas Efthymios , Chen Elvis C. S. , Peters Terry M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThis work aims to develop a simple, anatomically and haptically realistic vascular phantom, compatible with intravascular and intracardiac ultrasound. The low-cost, dual-layered phantom bridges the gap between traditional wall-only and wall-less phantoms by showing both the vessel wall and surrounding tissue in ultrasound imaging. This phantom can better assist clinical tool training, testing of intravascular devices, blood flow studies, and validation of algorithms for intravascular and intracardiac surgical systems.MethodsPolyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-c) incorporating a scattering agent was used to obtain vessel and tissue-mimicking materials. Our specific design targeted the inferior vena cava and renal bifurcations which were modelled using CAD software. A custom mould and container were 3D-printed for shaping the desired vessel wall. Three phantoms were prepared by varying both the concentrations of scattering agent as well as the number of freeze–thaw cycles to which the phantom layers were subjected during the manufacturing process. Each phantom was evaluated using ultrasound imaging using the Foresight™ ICE probe. Geometrical validation was provided by comparing CAD design to a CT scan of the phantom.ResultsThe desired vascular phantom was constructed using 2.5% and 0.05% scattering agent concentration in the vessel and tissue-mimicking layers, respectively. Imaging of the three phantoms showed that increasing the number of freeze–thaw cycles did not significantly enhance the image contrast. Comparison of the US images with their CT equivalents resulted in an average error of 0.9$${\,\mathrm{mm}}$$mmfor the lumen diameter.ConclusionThe phantom is anatomically realistic when imaged with intracardiac ultrasound and provides a smooth lumen for the ultrasound probe and catheter to manoeuvre. The vascular phantom enables validation of intravascular and intracardiac image guidance systems. The simple construction technique also provides a workflow for designing complex, multi-layered arterial phantoms.
Greater maintenance of bone mineral content in male than female athletes and in sprinting and jumping than endurance athletes: a longitudinal study of bone strength in elite masters athletes
Authors: Ireland Alex , Mittag Uwe , Degens Hans , Felsenberg Dieter , Ferretti José L. , Heinonen Ari , Koltai Erika , Korhonen Marko T. , McPhee Jamie S. , Mekjavic Igor , Piasecki Jessica , Pisot Rado , Radak Zsolt , Simunic Bostjan , Suominen Harri , Wilks Désirée C. , Winwood Keith , Rittweger Jörn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Summary

We investigated longitudinal changes in tibia bone strength in master power (jumping and sprinting) and endurance (distance) athletes of both sexes. Bone mass but not cross-sectional moment of inertia was better maintained in power than endurance athletes over time, particularly in men and independent of changes in performance.

Objective
Assessment of effects of sex and athletic discipline (lower limb power events, e.g. sprint running and jumping versus endurance running events) on longitudinal changes in bone strength in masters athletes.

Methods
We examined tibia and fibula bone properties at distal (4% distal-proximal tibia length) and proximal (66% length) sites using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in seventy-one track and field masters athletes (30 male, 41 female, age at baseline 57.0 ± 12.2 years) in a longitudinal cohort study that included at least two testing sessions over a mean period of 4.2 ± 3.1 years. Effects of time, as well as time × sex and time × discipline interactions on bone parameters and calf muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), were examined.

Results
Effects of time were sex and discipline-dependent, even following adjustment for enrolment age, sex and changes in muscle CSA and athletic performance. Male sex and participation in power events was associated with better maintenance of tibia bone mineral content (BMC, an indicator of bone compressive strength) at 4% and 66% sites. In contrast, there was no strong evidence of sex or discipline effects on cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI, an indicator of bone bending and torsional strength—P > 0.3 for interactions). Similar sex and discipline-specific changes were also observed in the fibula.

Conclusions
Results suggest that male athletes and those participating in lower limb power-based rather than endurance-based disciplines have better maintenance of bone compressive but not bending and torsional strength.
Immunomodulatory Properties of Amniotic Membrane Derivatives and Their Potential in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Wassmer Charles-Henri , Berishvili Ekaterine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewDuring the last decades, the field of regenerative medicine has been rapidly evolving. Major progress has been made in the development of biological substitutes applying the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and bioengineering.Recent FindingsAmong other sources, amniotic-derived products have been used for decades in various fields of medicine as a biomaterial for the wound care and tissue replacement. Moreover, human amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal cells have been intensively studied for their immunomodulatory capacities.SummaryAmniotic cells possess two major characteristics that have already been widely exploited. The first is their ability to modulate and suppress the innate and adaptive immunities, making them a true asset for chronic inflammatory disorders and for the induction of tolerance in transplantation models. The second is their multilineage differentiation capacity, offering a source of cells for tissue engineering. The latter combined with the use of amniotic membrane as a scaffold offers all components necessary to create an optimal environment for cell and tissue regeneration. This review summarizes beneficial properties of hAM and its derivatives and discusses their potential in regenerative medicine.
In AI We Trust: Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, and Reliability
Authors: Ryan Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the main difficulties in assessing artificial intelligence (AI) is the tendency for people to anthropomorphise it. This becomes particularly problematic when we attach human moral activities to AI. For example, the European Commission’s High-level Expert Group on AI (HLEG) have adopted the position that we should establish a relationship of trust with AI and should cultivate trustworthy AI (HLEG AI Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI, 2019, p. 35). Trust is one of the most important and defining activities in human relationships, so proposing that AI should be trusted, is a very serious claim. This paper will show that AI cannot be something that has the capacity to be trusted according to the most prevalent definitions of trust because it does not possess emotive states or can be held responsible for their actions—requirements of the affective and normative accounts of trust. While AI meets all of the requirements of the rational account of trust, it will be shown that this is not actually a type of trust at all, but is instead, a form of reliance. Ultimately, even complex machines such as AI should not be viewed as trustworthy as this undermines the value of interpersonal trust, anthropomorphises AI, and diverts responsibility from those developing and using them.
Treatments of Micro-channel Flows Revisited: Continuum Versus Rarified Gas Considerations
Authors: Durst F. , Filimonov D. , Sambasivam R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are numerous treatments of micro-channel flows available that point out the breakdown of the Navier–Stokes equations under molecular flow conditions when continuum conditions should still apply. The wrong conclusion regarding the validity of the Navier–Stokes equations comes about from the missing mass diffusion terms in the continuity equation. This term also affects the Navier–Stokes equations and yields improved theoretical results for flows with strong pressure and temperature gradients. Rarified gas treatments are often applied, although the fluid mechanics conditions are still such, that continuum equations should work. In the paper, the missing mass diffusion term is added, and it is shown that those extended fluid mechanics equation (EFME) allows micro-channel flows to be treated in the so-called slip regime. Hence, the continuum approach for flow treatment holds in micro-channel flows, in the flow regimes where modeling of wall interactions is applied these days. The paper also describes the treatments of micro-channel flows in the slip-flow regime by the rarified gas flow treatment method of Shapiro and Seleznev, and the results are compared with the corresponding results of the EFME. Good agreement was obtained, but differences exist regarding the wall interactions, which are explained, and suggested to use both methods to obtain a deeper insight into molecule–wall interactions in micro-channel flows. The EFME claim that large pressure and temperature gradients are the reasons for the differences between experimental and theoretical results of micro-channel flows. Such differences also exist in other fluid flows with strong property gradients, e.g., in shock waves. Flows of this kind are also treated in this paper in a way to show that the EFME have a wide range of applications.
Development and Benefits of Winch-Assist Harvesting
Authors: Holzfeind Thomas , Visser Rien , Chung Woodam , Holzleitner Franz , Erber Gernot 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Winch-assist systems have seen rapid development, adoption, and implementation in many parts of the world in the past decade and can be considered one of the major recent innovations in steep terrain harvesting. Though a comparatively young topic, the literature around this topic has grown considerably during the last decade. This review summarizes the present body of literature on winch-assist systems and provides a comprehensive introduction to the topic.

Recent Findings
The analysis showed that work safety in steep terrain harvesting operations has increased through winch-assist systems by removing workers from the many hazards of manual and motor-manual work. The extent of rutting, subsequent erosion, and soil densification after working with winch-assist systems was found to be similar to operations on gentle terrain or cable logging. Winch-assist harvesting is considered more productive than conventional steep terrain harvesting. While case studies provide indicative utilization and productivity values, a robust understanding of economic viability under varied stand and terrain conditions is not yet well established.

Summary
Winch-assist is proving to be a robust, safe, and high-performance forest harvesting technology that has increased the operating range of ground-based, mechanized harvesting. It can help increase access to forest grounds in steep terrain that are previously considered economically marginal for forest management. Besides steep terrain, the potential benefits of winch-assist in reducing soil disturbance from ground-based equipment indicate that its operating range can also expand to gentle terrain where environmental impacts are of great concern due to wet or unstable soils. As the technology is relatively young and still evolving, there are many unknown social, environmental, and economic challenges and opportunities associated with the winch-assist technology. More research is certainly warranted.