bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of breastfeeding peer support models applied in hospital settings
Authors: Chepkirui Dorothy , Nzinga Jacinta , Jemutai Julie , Tsofa Benjamin , Jones Caroline , Mwangome Martha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 2013 updated guidelines on management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children recommends the support of exclusive breastfeeding. These guidelines are inconsistently applied in low and middle income countries (LMICs) due to barriers including unclear implementation guides, technical support and epidemiological factors. Peer support strategies have been used to offer psychological support to families with infants in NICU and improve mental health outcomes. Breastfeeding peer supporters (BFPS) have been shown to be effective in improving breastfeeding outcomes in community settings however, their success within hospital settings in LMICs is unknown. We conducted a scoping review to explore implementation of breastfeeding peer support strategies as have been applied to hospitalized infants globally and highlight their implementation strategies in order to guide future research and practice.MethodsA scoping review of the literature was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. A search was conducted in five online databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, Hinari, Google Scholar and Open Grey library). Data were extracted and charted in data extraction tables to capture general characteristics, modes of peer support delivery, implementation details and evaluation procedures.ResultsFrom the online search 276 articles were identified, however only 18 met the inclusion criteria for the study. The majority of these articles were reports on in-patient breastfeeding peer support interventions applied in Europe and the United States of America and only two were from LMICs. The articles described peer supporters’ identification, training (n = 13) and supervision (n = 14). The majority of the BFPS were employed (n = 10) compared to volunteers (n = 3) and support was mainly one-to-one (n = 11) rather than group support. Process and impact evaluation (n = 13) reported positive breastfeeding outcomes associated with breastfeeding peer support.ConclusionBreastfeeding peer support strategies are applied in different hospital settings and can be used to improve breastfeeding outcomes. However, to achieve integration, scalability and comparability of impact and outcomes, there is a need to standardize training, develop consistent implementation and supervision plans of in-patient peer supporters’ strategies. Further research to assess sustainability and evaluate cost-effectiveness of in-patient breastfeeding peer support strategies will improve uptake and scalability of these potentially lifesaving interventions.
Cement-augmented screw fixation for calcaneal fracture treatment: a biomechanical study comparing two injectable bone substitutes
Authors: Fuchs Konrad F. , Heilig Philipp , McDonogh Miriam , Boelch Sebastian , Gbureck Uwe , Meffert Rainer H. , Hoelscher-Doht Stefanie , Jordan Martin C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The role of cement-augmented screw fixation for calcaneal fracture treatment remains unclear. Therefore, this study was performed to biomechanically analyze screw osteosynthesis by reinforcement with either a calcium phosphate (CP)-based or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based injectable bone cement.

Methods
A calcaneal fracture (Sanders type IIA) including a central cancellous bone defect was generated in 27 synthetic bones, and the specimens were assigned to 3 groups. The first group was fixed with four screws (3.5 mm and 6.5 mm), the second group with screws and CP-based cement (Graftys® QuickSet; Graftys, Aix-en-Provence, France), and the third group with screws and PMMA-based cement (Traumacem™ V+; DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN, USA). Biomechanical testing was conducted to analyze peak-to-peak displacement, total displacement, and stiffness in following a standardized protocol.

Results
The peak-to-peak displacement under a 200-N load was not significantly different among the groups; however, peak-to-peak displacement under a 600- and 1000-N load as well as total displacement exhibited better stability in PMMA-augmented screw osteosynthesis compared to screw fixation without augmentation. The stiffness of the construct was increased by both CP- and PMMA-based cements.

Conclusion
Addition of an injectable bone cement to screw osteosynthesis is able to increase fixation strength in a biomechanical calcaneal fracture model with synthetic bones. In such cases, PMMA-based cements are more effective than CP-based cements because of their inherently higher compressive strength. However, whether this high strength is required in the clinical setting for early weight-bearing remains controversial, and the non-degradable properties of PMMA might cause difficulties during subsequent interventions in younger patients.
The use of enoxaparin as bridge to therapeutic INR after LVAD implantation
Authors: Shah Zubair , Mastoris Ioannis , Acharya Prakash , Rali Aniket S. , Mohammed Moghni , Sami Farhad , Ranka Sagar , Wagner Savahanna , Zanotti Giorgio , Salerno Christopher T. , Haglund Nicholas A. , Sauer Andrew J. , Ravichandran Ashwin K. , Abicht Travis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been increasingly used in the treatment of end-stage heart failure. While warfarin has been uniformly recommended in the long-term as anticoagulation strategy, no clear recommendation exists for the post-operative period. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of enoxaparin in the immediate and early postoperative period after LVAD implantation.

Methods
This is a two-center, retrospective analysis of 250 consecutive patients undergoing LVAD implantation between January 2017 and December 2018. Patients were bridged postoperatively to therapeutic INR by either receiving unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Patients were followed while inpatient and for 3 months after LVAD implantation. The efficacy outcome was occurrence of first and subsequent cerebrovascular accident while safety outcome was the occurrence of bleeding events. Length of stay (LOS) was also assessed.

Results
Two hundred fifty and 246 patients were analyzed for index admission and 3-month follow up respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in CVA (OR = 0.67; CI = 0.07–6.39, P = 0.73) or bleeding events (OR = 0.91; CI = 0.27–3.04, P = 0.88) during index admission. Similarly, there were no differences at 3 months in either CVAs or bleeding events (OR = 0.85; 0.31–2.34; p = 0.76). No fatal events occurred during the study follow-up period. Median LOS was significantly lower (4 days; p = 0.03) in the LMWH group.

Conclusions
LMWH in the immediate and early postoperative period after LVAD implantation appears to be a concurrently safe and efficacious option allowing earlier postoperative discharge and avoidance of recurrent hospitalizations due to sub-therapeutic INR.
Trends of congenital hypothyroidism and inborn errors of metabolism in Pakistan
Authors: Mansoor Sumreena 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Metabolic disorders are heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that are responsible for significant neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In developing countries like Pakistan where infant mortality is high current population based studies are unable to gauge contribution of metabolic disorders in causing mortality and morbidity. It is essential to address this gap by a review of available scattered Pakistani data related to metabolic disorders specifically congenital hypothyroidism and inborn error of metabolism to calculate probable burden of these disorders.

Main body
Unfortunately currently in Pakistan newborn screening which identifies these illnesses at birth as a preventive strategy are not available. For current review data was collected through a systematic search of published articles (including data related to screening in certain subgroups of patients admitted to pediatric/neonatal intensive care units, patients with developmental delay/mental retardation).

Conclusion
The primary aim of this review was to get an estimate of the disease burden in the Pakistani population as true prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism and Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Pakistan is not available. This systematic review will help us to identify the rough idea about the scale of problem in Pakistan.
Mode of bacterial killing affects the inflammatory response and associated organ dysfunctions in a porcine E. coli intensive care sepsis model
Authors: Skorup Paul , Maudsdotter Lisa , Lipcsey Miklós , Larsson Anders , Sjölin Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is often treated with penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP-3) acting β-lactam antibiotics, such as piperacillin-tazobactam, cefotaxime, and meropenem. They cause considerable bacterial structural changes and have in vitro been associated with an increased inflammatory response. In a clinically relevant large animal sepsis model, our primary aim was to investigate whether bacteria killed by a PBP-3-active antibiotic has a greater effect on the early inflammatory response and organ dysfunction compared with corresponding amounts of live or heat-killed bacteria. A secondary aim was to determine whether the addition of an aminoglycoside could mitigate the cefuroxime-induced response.

Method
Killed or live Escherichia coli were administrated as a 3-h infusion to 16 healthy pigs in a prospective, randomized controlled interventional experimental study. Cefuroxime was chosen as the PBP-3-active antibiotic and tobramycin represented the aminoglycosides. The animals were randomized to receive (I) bacteria killed by cefuroxime, (II) live bacteria, (III) bacteria killed by heat, or (IV) bacteria killed by the combination of cefuroxime and tobramycin. Plasma endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, leukocytes, and organ function were recorded at the start of the experiment and then hourly for 6 h.

Results
Differences in dynamics of concentration over time between the four treatment groups were found for the three cytokines (p < 0.001). Animals receiving cefuroxime-killed bacteria demonstrated higher responses than those receiving live (p < 0.05) or heat-killed bacteria (p < 0.01). The addition of tobramycin reduced the cefuroxime-induced responses (p < 0.001). The cytokine responses were associated with leucocyte activation that was further associated with pulmonary dysfunction and increases in lactate (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
In comparison with live or heat-killed bacteria, bacteria killed by a PBP-3-active antibiotic induced an increased inflammatory response that appears to be associated with deteriorated organ and cellular function. The addition of an aminoglycoside to the PBP-3-active antibiotic reduced that response.
In the heart of the city: Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence in rodents across New Orleans
Authors: Ghersi Bruno M. , Peterson Anna C. , Gibson Nathaniel L. , Dash Asha , Elmayan Ardem , Schwartzenburg Hannah , Tu Weihong , Riegel Claudia , Herrera Claudia , Blum Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrypanosoma cruzi- the causative agent of Chagas disease - is known to circulate in commensal pests, but its occurrence in urban environments is not well understood. We addressed this deficit by determining the distribution and prevalence ofT. cruziinfection in urban populations of commensal and wild rodents across New Orleans (Louisiana, USA). We assessed whetherT. cruziprevalence varies according to host species identity and species co-occurrences, and whetherT. cruziprevalence varies across mosaics of abandonment that shape urban rodent demography and assemblage structure in the city.MethodsLeveraging city-wide population and assemblage surveys, we tested 1428 rodents comprising 5 species (cotton rats, house mice, Norway rats, rice rats and roof rats) captured at 98 trapping sites in 11 study areas across New Orleans including nine residential neighborhoods and a natural area in Orleans Parish and a neighborhood in St. Bernard Parish. We also assayed Norway rats at one site in Baton Rouge (Louisiana, USA). We used chi-square tests to determine whether infection prevalence differed among host species, among study areas, and among trapping sites according to the number of host species present. We used generalized linear mixed models to identify predictors ofT. cruziinfection for all rodents and each host species, respectively.ResultsWe detectedT. cruziin all host species in all study areas in New Orleans, but not in Baton Rouge. Though overall infection prevalence was 11%, it varied by study area and trapping site. There was no difference in prevalence by species, but roof rats exhibited the broadest geographical distribution of infection across the city. Infected rodents were trapped in densely populated neighborhoods like the French Quarter. Infection prevalence seasonally varied with abandonment, increasing with greater abandonment during the summer and declining with greater abandonment during the winter.ConclusionsOur findings illustrate thatT. cruzican be widespread in urban landscapes, suggesting that transmission and disease risk is greater than is currently recognized. Our findings also suggest that there is disproportionate risk of transmission in historically underserved communities, which could reinforce long-standing socioecological disparities in New Orleans and elsewhere.Graphical Abstract
Investigating the clinico-anatomical dissociation in the behavioral variant of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Singleton Ellen H. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Sudre Carole H. , Groot Colin , Kochova Elena , Barkhof Frederik , La Joie Renaud , Rosen Howard J. , Seeley William W. , Miller Bruce , Cardoso M. Jorge , Papma Janne , Scheltens Philip , Rabinovici Gil D. , Ossenkoppele Rik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
We previously found temporoparietal-predominant atrophy patterns in the behavioral variant of Alzheimer’s disease (bvAD), with relative sparing of frontal regions. Here, we aimed to understand the clinico-anatomical dissociation in bvAD based on alternative neuroimaging markers.

Methods
We retrospectively included 150 participants, including 29 bvAD, 28 “typical” amnestic-predominant AD (tAD), 28 behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and 65 cognitively normal participants. Patients with bvAD were compared with other diagnostic groups on glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity measured by [18F]FDG-PET, and on subcortical gray matter and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes measured by MRI. A receiver-operating-characteristic-analysis was performed to determine the neuroimaging measures with highest diagnostic accuracy.

Results
bvAD and tAD showed predominant temporoparietal hypometabolism compared to controls, and did not differ in direct contrasts. However, overlaying statistical maps from contrasts between patients and controls revealed broader frontoinsular hypometabolism in bvAD than tAD, partially overlapping with bvFTD. bvAD showed greater anterior default mode network (DMN) involvement than tAD, mimicking bvFTD, and reduced connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex with prefrontal regions. Analyses of WMH and subcortical volume showed closer resemblance of bvAD to tAD than to bvFTD, and larger amygdalar volumes in bvAD than tAD respectively. The top-3 discriminators for bvAD vs. bvFTD were FDG posterior-DMN-ratios (bvAD<bvFTD), MRI posterior-DMN-ratios (bvAD<bvFTD), MRI salience-network-ratios (bvAD>bvFTD, area under the curve [AUC] range 0.85–0.91, all p < 0.001). The top-3 for bvAD vs. tAD were amygdalar volume (bvAD>tAD), MRI anterior-DMN-ratios (bvAD<tAD), FDG anterior-DMN-ratios (bvAD<tAD, AUC range 0.71–0.84, all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Subtle frontoinsular hypometabolism and anterior DMN involvement may underlie the prominent behavioral phenotype in bvAD.
Percutaneous retrograde revascularization of chronic occlusions of the superior mesenteric artery via collaterals of the celiac artery
Authors: Kersjes Wilhelm H. , Hesse Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the technical success of percutaneous retrograde revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) via the celiac artery (CA) in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI).

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of three patients with chronic total occlusions (CTOs) of the origin of SMA which were recanalized retrograde via collaterals of the CA after frustrating attempt of antegrade revascularization from the abdominal aorta in our institute between May 2019 and June 2020.

Results
All technical procedures of retrograde revascularization of CTOs of SMA via collaterals of the CA were successful. The clinical outcome resulted in a sustained resolution of abdominal pain in all cases.

Conclusion
Retrograde recanalization of SMA via collaterals from the CA seems to be a successful endovascular option for patients with CMI and a chronically occluded superior mesenteric artery when antegrade recanalization fails as far as it can be concluded from the small number of presented cases.
The 256 kb mitochondrial genome of Clavaria fumosa is the largest among phylum Basidiomycota and is rich in introns and intronic ORFs
Authors: Wang Xu , Wang Yajie , Yao Wen , Shen Jinwen , Chen Mingyue , Gao Ming , Ren Jiening , Li Qiang , Liu Na 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the complete mitogenome of Clavaria fumosa, was sequenced, assembled, and compared. The complete mitogenome of C. fumosa is 256,807 bp in length and is the largest mitogenomes among all Basidiomycota mitogenomes reported. Comparative mitogenomic analysis indicated that the C. fumosa mitogenome contained the most introns and intronic ORFs among all fungal mitogenomes. Large intergenic regions, intronic regions, accumulation of repeat sequences and plasmid-derived genes together promoted the size expansion of the C. fumosa mitogenome. In addition, the rps3 gene was found subjected to positive selection between some Agaricales species. We found frequent intron gain/loss events in Agaricales mitogenomes, and four novel intron classes were detected in the C. fumosa mitogenome. Large-scale gene rearrangements were found occurred in Agaricales species and the C. fumosa mitogenome had a unique gene arrangement which differed from other Agaricales species. Phylogenetic analysis for 76 Basidiomycetes based on combined mitochondrial gene sets indicated that mitochondrial genes could be used as effective molecular markers for reconstructing evolution of Basidiomycota. The study served as the first report on the mitogenomes of the family Clavariaceae, which will promote the understanding of the genetics, evolution and taxonomy of C. fumosa and related species.
Doppler ultrasound in liver cirrhosis: correlation of hepatic artery and portal vein measurements with model for end-stage liver disease score in Egypt
Authors: Baz Ahmed Abdelrahman Mohamed , Mohamed Rana Magdy , El-kaffas Khaled Helmy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Liver cirrhosis is a multi-etiological entity that alters the hepatic functions and vascularity by varying grades. Hereby, a cross-sectional study enrolling 100 cirrhotic patients (51 males and 49 females), who were diagnosed clinically and assessed by model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, then correlated to the hepatic Doppler parameters and ultrasound (US) findings of hepatic decompensation like ascites and splenomegaly.

Results
By Doppler and US, splenomegaly was evident in 49% of patients, while ascites was present in 44% of them. Increased hepatic artery velocity (HAV) was found in70% of cases, while 59% showed reduced portal vein velocity (PVV).
There was a statistically significant correlation between HAV and MELD score (ρ = 0.000), but no significant correlation with either hepatic artery resistivity index (HARI) (ρ = 0.675) or PVV (ρ =0.266).
Moreover, HAV had been correlated to splenomegaly (ρ = 0.000), whereas HARI (ρ = 0.137) and PVV (ρ = 0.241) did not significantly correlate.
Also, ascites had correlated significantly to MELD score and HAV (ρ = 0.000), but neither HARI (ρ = 0.607) nor PVV (ρ = 0.143) was significantly correlated.
Our results showed that HAV > 145 cm/s could confidently predict a high MELD score with 62.50% and 97.62 % sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
Doppler parameters of hepatic vessels (specifically HAV) in addition to the US findings of hepatic decompensation proved to be a non-invasive and cost-effective imaging tool for severity assessment in cirrhotic patients (scored by MELD); they could be used as additional prognostic parameters for improving the available treatment options and outcomes.
EVALUATING LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE PEER NETWORKS USING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
Authors: Sarpy Sue Ann Corell , Stachowski Alicia 
Published: November 2020

Social Network Analysis has been posited as a useful technique to determine if leadership development programs are an effective intervention in developing social ties and enhancing connectivity among leaders in an organization. Evaluations can examine the extent to which the leadership development programs create and catalyze peer networks. This study used Social Network Analysis to evaluate the development of a peer leadership network and resulting relationships among leaders participating in a leadership development program. Several predictions were made about the development of participants’ task, career, and social networks, generally predicting enhanced “esprit de corps” with their peer leaders over time. Thirty top executives in local public health were selected to participate in a 12-month national leadership development training program. Peer network development was documented at three time points across the programmatic year at 6-month intervals. The results demonstrated that while leaders’ social networks increased over time, friendship networks increased more slowly than did acquaintance networks. The task-related networks involving interactions to solve problems, and career networks for seeking advice and support increased over time, with task-related and advice-related networks stabilizing by the end of the second workshop. Implications for developing peer leadership networks are discussed.
The authors would like to acknowledge the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the National Association for County and City Health Officials and for their support of this research.