bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF "FOREIGN INVESTMENT" IN A NETWORK SOCIETY
Authors: Viktorova N. N. 
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with the problems of definition of the concept "investment" in multilateral and bilateral investment treaties. The author shows how the approach to the definition of "investment" in international investment agreements has changed over time, how this concept differs in modern agreements from those enshrined in agreements concluded more than ten years ago. It is noted that today we can talk about the trend of a broad definition of the concept of investment in international treaties, that is, investments are understood as any kind of property values; further the author specifies what applies to them.International treaties on the protection and promotion of investment also include the right to engage in business activities. It turns out that investment disputes can arise from ordinary commercial activities, for example from a contract of sale. However, there are documents that do not include monetary claims arising from commercial contracts, such as the 2012 model bilateral investment Treaty of the South African development Community.Generally, investment protection agreements do not distinguish between direct and portfolio investments. Therefore, portfolio investments also enjoy the protection of these investment treaties. However, some of the international investment agreements that are currently being concluded specify that portfolio investments are excluded from their scope, such as the Model bilateral investment Treaty of the South African Development Community.In the literature there are three approaches to the qualification of foreign arbitral awards as a foreign investment. According to one of them, the award is an investment, because it is part of the entire activity of the investor. Some modern international investment agreements contain provisions according to which arbitration, judicial decisions are not investments.
INSTITUT LAUE-LANGEVIN (ILL) AS A FORM OF SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION
Authors: Zaplatina T. S. 
Published: November 2019

The integration of states in the field of education has given rise to the expansion of various forms of cooperation in this area. The subject of the study is one of the large-scale scientific projects called "megasience" — Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), based in Grenoble, France. Such international research centers are designed to achieve breakthrough discoveries, like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Europe, the Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) in the United States, and neutron research through the research reactor complex PIK, under construction in Russia. Large research infrastructures are an important phenomenon of public life. In France, megasience installations are officially called "very large research infrastructures", briefly TGIR, in Australia — "landmark research infrastructures".The Institut Laue-Langevin is established as a national legal entity and is managed by three partner countries: France through the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS); Germany through the Jülich Research Centre (FZJ) and the United Kingdom through the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC).This form of cooperation between countries, integration of states in the field of education has a number of positive aspects and can be used in Russia to find the most effective model for organizing mega-science projects. Thus, ILL make ot possible to use different sources of funding-funds from both the state and private research and grants, as well as European projects. The ILL provides for the possibility of diverse cooperation and participation of various states, the involvement of scientists and individuals, including non-European countries, open membership. The positive features are also the ease of management and reorientation of ILL, flexibility, as well as the ease of cooperation with various institutions of both national and European and international level.
THE BASIS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN THE WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION (UEMOA)
Authors: Kamalyan A. M. 
Published: November 2019

The paper analyzes the key supranational public procurement instruments adopted within the framework of the West African economic and monetary Union, especially the legally binding directives (Directive 04/2005 on the award, performance and payment of public contracts and Directive 05/2005 on the control and regulation of public procurement), which require further implementation into the national legislation of the member states. Special attention is given to the documents that, although they are advisory in nature or only indirectly affect the issue under study, but have had a significant impact on the formation of directives — the Regional program for improving the efficiency of public procurement and the UEMOA Code on transparency in public finance management. The principles of legal regulation of public procurement in the UEMOA are revealed: the principle of cost — effectiveness and efficiency of procurement; the principle of free access to the public procurement market; the principle of equal treatment of candidates and mutual recognition; the principle of transparency, rationality, modernity of procurement procedures and the possibility of tracking them; the principle of non-discrimination on the basis of nationality in relation to enterprises of the UEMOA member states and the principle of non-violation of competition when transferring a state contract to subcontracting; de minimis principle. A brief description of the procedures for awarding public contracts established in this organization, namely tender (there are several varieties of tender, the main of which are open and closed) and procurement from a single supplier. Some aspects of the legal regulation of public procurement in UEMOA are compared with other integration associations, in particular with the European Union and the Common market of South America (MERCOSUR).
COMPLEX CONFLICTS OF LAW AND HOW TO DEAL WITH THEM: REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH BY A.S. GAMBARYAN AND L.G. DALLAKYAN "CONFLICT OF LAW RULES AND THEIR COMPETITION" (MOSCOW: YURLITINFORM PUBL., 2019. 160 P.)
Authors: Petrov A. A. 
Published: November 2019

The reviewed monograph is devoted to the theoretical and legal puzzle — complex conflicts of law (coincidence of conflicts, competition of conflict of laws). The book contains a number of valuable ideas on the topic of research. In particular, the authors correctly distinguish between positivized conflict-of-laws rules and principles (maxims) developed by lawyers to overcome conflicts (conflict-of-laws rules of interpretation), which may be inconsistent with each other. This gives rise to complex conflicts. The authors successfully demonstrate this by the example of the complex fate of the lex posteriori derogat priori principle in the legal system of Armenia. The work provides a comparative legal study of the legal regulation of the resolution of conflicts of norms, including complex conflicts, in the post-Soviet States. The hierarchical system of conflict criteria proposed by the authors to overcome complex conflicts of law is very interesting. In addition, the monograph describes in detail the problems of "non-systemic conflicts" in law, which are understood as antinomies of principles and norms of law and inconsistency between the principles of law. At the same time, there are a number of controversial theses in the work, for example, on the priority of the humanistic substantive criterion of conflict resolution over traditional legal criteria (such as lex superior, lex specialis, lex posterior); on the need to allocate competence and industry criteria as separate criteria for overcoming conflicts; on the restrictive author’s interpretation of the scope of application of the lex specialis conflict principle. These controversial ideas are criticized in the review in a well-reasoned manner.
FORMATION AND USE OF THE DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIES CENTRAL FEDERAL
Authors: A. E. Demyanenko 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The research is devoted to the potential of economic development of regions of Central Federal District, in a section of determination of regularities, trends, and features of their social and economic state and development.
Methodology: The conducted research is based on materials of official state statistics, with the use of a method of komparativny analysis. The carried-out analysis allows revealing a row specific, observed on regions of Central Federal District, regularities, trends and features of a social and economic state and development.
Result: Essential distinctions on the analyzed territorial subjects of the federation, investments and bank deposits making considerable specific weight in the consumer investment portfolio of potential of development of regional economy are revealed. Integrated assessment of the indicators demonstrating the many-sided nature of specialization of regional production is carried out taking into account their correlation importance information of a gross regional product.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the Formation and use of the Development Capacity of Regional Economies Central Federal is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Gestational and congenital syphilis situation in Colombia, a challenge to the General system of Social Security in Health
Authors: Cruz-Concha Adriana Raquel 
Published: November 2019

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Treponema Pallidum, and is considered a serious public health problem as it affects more than 12 million people worldwide. It is estimated that over two million pregnant women are infected with syphilis each year worldwide, and a significant number of cases (692,100 to 1,53 million), are untreated (1). When it occurs in pregnant women it is easily transmitted to the fetus, causing complications in up to 81% of cases, including stillbirth, early neonatal death , prematurity, low birth weight or congenital infection (2).In Colombia, gestational and congenital syphilis is notifiable, and the figures reported by the System of Public Health Surveillance (sivigila, for its acronym in Spanish), are among the highest in Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2011 Colombia reported 2.9 cases of congenital syphilis / 1000 live births (3), a value which is worth almost six times higher than the target set by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in its Elimination of Congenital Syphilis Plan (2, 4). The Colombian Pacific coast provides the country with a significant number of cases each year, being the port of Buenaventura, in Valle del Cauca, one of the worst affected areas, reporting on 2010, 141 cases of congenital syphilis, nine of which ended in a fatal outcome (5).
Mecanismos de modulación de la respuesta inmune por Chlamydia trachomatis asociados a infertilidad
Authors: López-Castro Tatiana Marcela , Rojas-Díaz Ever Leonardo , Rojas-rojas Fabio Noriel , Díaz-Yamal Ivonne J. , Muñoz-Cerón Jairo 
Published: November 2019

Introducción: la infertilidad, problema clínico y social que afecta del 13 al 15% de las parejas en el mundo, es causada, entre otros, por la enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria ocasionada por varios agentes infecciosos entre los cuales se destaca la Chlamydia trachomatis. Este agente infeccioso posee mecanismos moleculares con los cuales modula la respuesta inmune del huésped y produce cambios en la célula infectada para permitir su supervivencia, ocasionando que la respuesta del sistema inmunológico se establezca en forma crónica, con la consecuente inflamación permanente y con ello secuelas como cicatrices y obstrucción de la trompa de Falopio. El objetivo de esta revisión es ofrecer una actualización de conocimiento en inmunobiología de la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis y su relación con la infertilidad.Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos: PubMed/ Medline, Science Direct, Ovid, desde enero del año 1995 a enero del 2012, incluyendo artículos de revisión y estudios clínicos.Resultados: en la actualidad se sostiene que la inmunomodulación que caracteriza la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis, los mediadores inflamatorios implicados en la respuesta inmune, y la posible aunque poco estudiada susceptibilidad genética del huésped, se relacionan estrechamente con la génesis de la infertilidad por factor tubárico.Conclusión: la infertilidad causada por Chlamydia trachomatis tiene su origen en la respuesta inmunológica del huésped y en la modulación por parte de este agente infeccioso, lo que lleva a inflamación crónica, cicatrización y obstrucción de la trompa de Falopio.
Descripción de la presencia de anticuerpos antianexina V, cardiolipina y B2-glicoproteína I en mujeres con pérdidas gestacionales recurrentes en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Mejía-Mejia María Victoria , Segura-Cardona Angélica María , Velásquez-Escobar María Camila , Arango-White María Camila , Abad-Restrepo Jazmín , Orrego-Vélez Martín , Álvarez-Arango Santiago , Uribe-Pardo Carlos Ignacio 
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de anticuerpos antianexina V en una serie de mujeres que presentaron aborto recurrente en la ciudad de Medellín.Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo una serie de casos constituida por mujeres sanas que acudían a consulta ginecológica por historia de pérdidas gestacionales recurrentes caracterizadas por dos o más abortos en el primer trimestre de gestación, en dos instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de segundo y tercer nivel de complejidad, y a la consulta privada de algunos ginecólogos de la ciudad de Medellín que aceptaron participar en el estudio. Se excluyeron las mujeres con diagnóstico de síndrome antifosfolípido secundario. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, los antecedentes obstétricos y médicos con énfasis en hipertensión arterial y trombosis. También se evaluaron los anticuerpos anticardiolipina, anticoagulante lúpico, número de anticuerpos antiß2-GPI y número de anticuerpos antianexina V. La información se tabuló en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel y se procesó en el programa estadístico Stata 10.0, en el análisis estadístico se utilizó estadística descriptiva.Resultados: se encuestaron 65 mujeres con edades entre los 18 y 46 años, la mitad de las pacientes reportaron 2 abortos antes de la décima semana, y la otra mitad después de esta. En los resultados de los anticuerpos anticardiolipina se encontró que el 4,6% (3) de las pacientes presentaron anticuerpos positivos IgM y el 3,1% (2) tenían anticuerpos positivos IgG. El 3,1% (2) de las mujeres presentaron anticuerpos antiß2-GPI IgG e IgM. El 4,6% (3) de las pacientes presentaron anticuerpos positivos antianexina IgG y un 12,3% (8) de estas presentaron un resultado indeterminado.Conclusiones: se evidencia la presencia de anticuerpos antianexina en las pacientes estudiadas, aunque un subgrupo de mujeres presentó un resultado indeterminado; surge la hipótesis de que la anexina V podría ser un factor importante e independiente de los anticuerpos cardiolipina y β2-GPI en las pérdidas gestacionales recurrentes.
Comentarios sobre el artículo "Misoprostol intravaginal administrado ambulatoriamente para inducción selectiva del trabajo de parto en pacientes con embarazo a término. Estudio de cohorte"
Authors: Montoya-Fernández Jeanette , León-Jiménez Franco 
Published: November 2019

Estimado Señor EditorEncontré interesante el artículo publicado por MorenoEscallón en el volumen 63, número 1 de enero-marzo 2012 de la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología sobre el uso de misoprostol intravaginal para la inducción del trabajo de parto (1), y consideré importante hacer una revisión respecto al uso de este medicamento.En los últimos años se ha observado un incremento de la inducción del parto por complicaciones médicas u obstétricas del embarazo, para lo cual se han utilizado diversos medicamentos (2).El misoprostol es un análogo sintético de la prostaglandina E1 que en un inicio fue empleado como tratamiento de úlcera péptica y para prevenir complicaciones gastrointestinales en pacientes que ingerían AINEs (3, 4), y en los últimos años ha sido muy estudiado como medicamento para la inducción del parto por su efecto en la madurez cervical y la contractilidad uterina (4).Este fármaco tiene la ventaja de ser económico, se puede mantener a temperatura ambiente y existen diversas vías de administración: vaginal, oral, sublingual o rectal (3).Se han realizado diversos estudios para la búsqueda de una dosis y vía de administración adecuadas. Jindal et al. realizaron un ensayo clínico randomizado doble ciego comparando el uso de 50 µg de misoprostol vía oral frente a vía vaginal en gestantes a término con un score de Bishop ≤ 4, y encontraron que el uso del fármaco por vía vaginal se asocia con una inducción exitosa, menor intervalo de inducción y un menor porcentaje de fallas en comparación con la vía oral. Esto puede explicarse por la absorción más rápida que tendría la vía intravaginal (3). Otros estudios reportan el uso de misoprostol vía oral; comparado con la vía intravaginal, se asocia con menos anormalidades de la contractilidad, pero que requieren un aumento del uso de oxitocina (2).
Comentarios sobre el artículo "Análisis de costo-efectividad del uso de calcio más ácido linoleico para la prevención de la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo en mujeres con riesgo en Colombia"
Authors: Sanín Blair José Enrique 
Published: November 2019

Medellín, 28 de noviembre de 2012 Doctor Hernando GaitánEditor Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y GinecologíaEn la edición de la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología, vol. 63, No. 3 (julio-septiembre de 2012) salió publicado el artículo de Martín Romero-Prada et al., titulado "Análisis de costo-efectividad del uso de calcio más ácido linoleico para la prevención de la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo en mujeres con riesgo en Colombia", el cual me llamó la atención por el tipo de análisis económico en salud que presenta, que es poco frecuente en la revista, y por referirse a un problema de salud pública en Colombia, tal como son los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. El artículo presenta en mi opinión algunas ligerezas que vale la pena aclarar:A lo largo del manuscrito científico se presentan inconsistencias con el término hipertensión inducida por el embarazo (HIE), que no es utilizado en la literatura científica desde finales de los años noventa debido a que ocasiona confusión, pues se engloban en una misma enfermedad diferentes patologías, con distinta etiología y disímil pronóstico materno y perinatal. Los autores, en la introducción del artículo, referencian este término como el sugerido por el "Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy" (1), sin embargo, en este consenso norteamericano, contrario a lo expresado por los autores, lo que se intentó fue evitar el término HIE y tratar de involucrar y categorizar los trastornos hipertensivos durante la gestación. La etiología de la preeclampsia temprana o tardía, la hipertensión gestacional, la eclampsia y la hipertensión arterial crónica comparten algunas características, pero los fenómenos etiológicos, la progresión de la enfermedad y la severidad son diferentes, y hoy por hoy plantear una investigación, así sea desde el punto de vista económico, sin tener claramente definido el problema, plantea dificultades metodológicas y conclusiones erróneas, como al final lo señalan los autores.
INCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS: OLHARES DOS BOLSISTAS DO PIBID DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Ferreira Karen Menegaro , Feltrin Simone Das Graças Nogueira 
Published: November 2019

RESUMO: A finalidade deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com os bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) de Educação Física, apontando suas percepções relacionada à inclusão escolar onde desenvolvem suas ações. O PIBID é um programa oferecido pelo governo federal, que proporciona aos bolsistas, vivência nas escolas públicas. A UNESC conta com nove subprojetos, dentre eles o subprojeto de Educação Física que possui 45 bolsistas, somente 38 participaram da pesquisa e 07 não participaram, pois os mesmos haviam entrado há pouco tempo no subprojeto. A metodologia utilizada é uma pesquisa de campo com a abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, na qual foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Logo após, foi realizado a análise dos dados coletados o que nos permitiu constatar dos 38 bolsistas que participaram da pesquisa 66% responderam que na escola onde desenvolvem suas ações, possuem alunos com deficiência matriculados frequentando a escola e que, a inclusão tem acontecido nas aulas de educação física. É importante salientar, que este estudo é fruto do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Educação Física e para que a pesquisa se efetivasse a mesma foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética, sob o Parecer nº 1.313.162 /2015.
Art for peace
Authors: Afshar Vafa , Terwiel Candan 
Published: November 2019

In this our modern times, many people, although not in every geography, had to live with wars and conflicts. Peace has always been the object of purchase, even if art cannot afford to prevent the war. Violence and war have become commonplace for everyone, especially for children. Exile, immigration, refugee, human trafficking issues, which have become a problem of the world as a result of war and violence, await solutions. Institutions, states and global organisations are trying to take big economic and social measures towards these problems; however the unresolved problems of the endless wars, the issues of war continue to be the main item of the agenda. For instance, the arts of Otto Dix, Kathe Kollwitz or our current days artists Tammam Azzam and Banksy. This study emphasises the belief that the art has a unifying, healing power, and therefore Art for Peace will continue to be made.
Keywords: Contemporary art, peace, war, art.
Hayali Bey Divanı’nda Poetik Söylem Bağlamında Tefahür
Authors: BOZKURT Kenan , BEZENMİŞ Tuba 
Published: November 2019

Klasik şiiri Fars edebiyatı seviyesine getirme
hususunda emeği inkâr edilemeyen Hayâlî Bey, Kalenderî grubuyla adım attığı
İstanbul’da şâirlik dehasıyla kendini ispatlamış, devlet ricalinin hamiliğini
kesp ederek klasik şiirin zirve şahsiyetlerinden birisi olmuştur. Sanatçı
kişiliği, çağdaşları tarafından takdir edilerek “sultânü’ş-şuârâ-yı Rûm” unvanıyla onurlandırılmıştır. Ancak şâir,
Osmanlı patronaj geleneğinin bir gereği olarak söz söylemedeki ustalığını, şâirlik
dehasını kasidelerin fahriye ve gazellerim makta bölümünde ortaya koyarak
tefahürde bulunmuştur. Aslında bu bölümler, şâirin kendisini övmesi için uygun
bir fırsatın yaratıldığı bölümlerdir. Bu bölümde şâir, şâirlik kudretinden,
erdemlerinden, ne kadar usta bir şâir olduğundan abartılı bir şekilde
bahsederek kendisiyle diğer şâirler arasında bir mukayeseye girerek üstünlük
iddiasında bulunur.

Bu
çalışmamızda tefahür kavramı ele alınarak Hayâlî Bey’in Divân’ının tamamı
incelenmiş, şâirin şâirliği hususunda tefahürde bulunduğu kısımlar üzerinde
incelemeler yapılmıştır.