bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score: A risk prediction tool for incidence and mortality in diabetic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xing Lingzhi , Xie Fangjiao , Zhong Zuorong , Chen BaiYuLu , Li Wenqing , Zhang Yingdan , Chen Liyuan , Liao GuoJia , Li Letai , Wang LeZhi , Gong Yubowen , Xu Qian , Wang Dan , Chen Ling 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score has been identified as a potential prognostic marker in various conditions. However, its relationship with the incidence and mortality of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes patients remains unexplored. This study aims to explore the relationship between the HALP score and both the incidence and mortality of DKD in type 2 diabetes, as well as whether reversing the HALP score could reduce mortality outcomes.
Methods
This study included 25,750 type 2 diabetes patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2018) and Southwest China (2013–2022). HALP score was calculated as [hemoglobin (g/L) × albumin (g/L)×lymphocytes (/L)]/platelets (/L). DKD was diagnosed based on urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m². The relationship between HALP score and DKD was explored using logistic regression model, and Cox regression models were used to evaluate its association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Subgroup analyses explored the effects of dietary fiber intake and NSAIDs use on HALP score and mortality.
Results
Higher HALP score were significantly associated with a lower risk of DKD (NHANES, HR 0.502; Southwest China, HR 0.528) in an antagonist manner. Additionally, higher HALP score was related to decreased all-cause (HR 0.765, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease(CVD)-related mortality(HR 0.667, p < 0.001).We also discovered the same outcome in DKD patients with low dietary fiber intake (HR 0.695, p < 0.001) or NSAIDs use (HR 0.733, p < 0.001). The magnitude of associations was not materially altered in any of the sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions
High HALP score was independently associated with risk of DKD and its all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Regular HALP monitoring could aid in risk stratification and clinical decisions for DKD in type 2 diabetes.
Expression and mechanism of endogenous relaxin in hypertensive patients
Authors: Liu Chunnan , Wang Jingzhi , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the role of endogenous relaxin in the development of hypertension by examining its expression in hypertensive patients and various hypertensive rat models.
Methods
In this study, 61 hypertensive patients and 31 matched healthy individuals in the control group were included. Plasma samples from all participants were analyzed for biochemical markers, including relaxin-2, relaxin-3, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Additionally, we examined the expression levels of relaxin-2 and relaxin-3 in both the heart and kidneys of rat models, specifically those with abdominal aortic coarctation and salt-sensitive hypertension. This allowed us to investigate the role of relaxin in these hypertensive conditions.
Results
There were no significant differences in age or gender between the control and hypertensive groups. However, the expression level of relaxin-2 in the hypertensive group was significantly lower compared to the control group. Specifically, the median plasma concentration of relaxin-2 in hypertensive patients was 7.61 pg/mL, while it was 9.34 pg/mL in the control group (P = 0.014). In contrast, relaxin-3 levels showed no significant difference between the hypertensive and control groups (P = 0.872). Correlation analysis indicated that relaxin-2 levels were associated with total cholesterol, red blood cell count, and white blood cell count, while relaxin-3 was only correlated with total cholesterol. In the kidney tissues of rats in the abdominal aortic coarctation model, relaxin-1, relaxin-3, and relaxin receptor 3 were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In the salt-sensitive rat model, mRNA expression of relaxin-1 was increased, while relaxin receptor 1 mRNA was decreased compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The plasma level of relaxin-2 is decreased in hypertensive patients and shows correlations with total cholesterol, red blood cell count, and white blood cell count. These findings suggest that endogenous relaxin may play a role in the development of hypertension, potentially through specific signaling pathways in the kidneys.
Facile cascade-anchored synthesis of ultrahigh metal loading single-atom for significantly improved Fenton-like catalysis
Authors: Zhou Minghua , Li Shuaishuai , Wang Wei , Wu Hui , Wang Xuechun , Ding Shihu , Liu Jingyang , Zhang Xiuwu , Sun Jiangli , Fu Chunhong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

It is important to break the low metal loading limited by stringent conditions and reveal the catalytic behavior of single-atom catalysts (SACs) governed by individual and interacting sites. Here, a facile and universal synthesis strategy was employed to achieve the highest loading of transition metals (Fe 41.31wt%, Mn 35.13wt%), rare-earth metals (La 28.62wt%), and noble metals (Ag 27.04wt%) to date. Systematic investigation confirms that the powerful ligand-chelation between oxalic acid and metal ions, as well as the simultaneously generated entangled polymer networks are crucial for achieving high-loading SACs. High single-atoms density induced site-intensive effects and site-to-site interactions, which regulated the local electron density of the catalyst, altered the electronic structure of metal, and shifted the valence state toward the metal. As a demonstration, the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for sulfamethoxazole degradation showed a significant dependence on catalyst site density, with the rate constant at least 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of most current SACs. The higher metal loading increased the potential jumps in Fenton-like reaction, promoted the electron transfer and reduced the energy barrier of the rate-determining step in 1O2 generation. This material also showed promising prospect for real wastewater treatment due to its high decontamination efficiency and application stability. The cascade-anchoring synthesis strategy, which can maximize the atomically dispersed metal loadings and simultaneously enhance the reactivity, is universally applicable. It is anticipated that it will take SACs a step closer to practical applications.
Association of Low Hospital Birth Volume and Adverse Short-Term Outcomes for Neonates Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia in Rural States
Authors: Craig Alexa , Cutler Anya , Kerecman Jay , Melendi Misty , Seften Leah Marie , Ryzewski Matthew , Zanno Allison , Barkhuff Whittney , O'Reilly Deirdre 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective: We hypothesized that outborn neonates from smaller birth volume hospitals would have more frequent adverse short-term outcomes following therapeutic hypothermia (TH).
Study Design:Multicenter retrospective study comparing outcomes for small (<500 births/year), medium (501-1500 births/year), and large (>1500 births/year) hospitals in Northern New England. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the combined outcome of death/severe gray matter injury on MRI, controlling for encephalopathy severity and time to initiation of TH.
Results: 531 neonates were included from small (N=120), medium (N=193), and large (N=218) volume hospitals and TH was initiated at a median of 4.5, 4, and 2 hours of life respectively. The odds of the combined outcome were 4.3-fold higher in small versus large birth volume hospitals (95% CI = 1.6, 12.1, p=0.004), but not different in medium birth volume hospitals.
Conclusion: Neonates born in small volume hospitals had significantly higher odds of death or severe gray matter injury following TH.
Mapping the druggable targets displayed by human colonic enteroendocrine cells
Authors: Bewick Gavin , Lei Yuxian , Bohl Bettina , Meyer Leah , Jacobs Margot , Haq Naila , Yang Xiaoping , Hayee Bu’ Hussain , Murphy Kevin , Hashemi Parastoo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized intestinal hormone-secreting cells that play critical roles in metabolic homeostasis, digestion, and gut-brain communication. They detect diverse stimuli including endocrine, immune, neuronal, microbial, and dietary signals, through a complex array of receptors, ion channels, and transporters, to modulate the release of over 20 hormones. These molecular sensors serve as potential drug targets to modulate hormone secretion, but until recently, catalogues of such targets in human colonic EECs have not been produced. To address this gap, we performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing on fluorescently labelled EECs isolated from human colonic organoids, identifying and cataloguing potential druggable targets. This catalogue includes receptors, orphan GPCRs, transporters, and hormones not previously reported in human colonic EECs. Comparison with murine EECs highlighted interspecies similarities and differences, key data to facilitate the design and optimise the predictive accuracy of pre-clinical models. We also functionally validated two receptors not previously identified in human EECs: IL-13Rα1, was expressed in both peptide-producing EECs and serotonin producing Enterochromaffin cells (ECs), and its ligand IL-13 stimulated the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and serotonin measured in real-time, and GPR173, which was selectively expressed in ECs and, when activated by its agonist Phoenixin-20, also promoted serotonin release. These analyses provide a valuable resource for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating gut hormone secretion, with potential applications in treating gastrointestinal, metabolic, and other related disorders.
Exploring Personalized Diagnosis and Intervention in Binge Eating Disorder: Five Case Reports
Authors: Hernández Montserrat Monserrat , Manrique Gabriel Aguilera , Puertas Lorena Gutiérrez 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) has gained attention in recent years due to its complexity and the challenges it poses in diagnosis and treatment. Unlike other eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, BED has been less researched, particularly regarding the influence of genetic factors. This study introduces a novel approach by individually analyzing how genetic predisposition impacts the diagnosis of BED, which in turn contributes to the development of more personalized and effective treatments. The primary objective of this research was to demonstrate the diagnostic variability and intervention possibilities in patients with BED, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary approach. Additionally, it aimed to identify individual factors—clinical, psychosocial, and genetic—that influence the presence of the disorder, and to evaluate the efficacy of personalized treatments that include psychological, psychiatric, and nutritional interventions tailored to each patient's unique needs.
Case presentation:
The main concerns of the patients were how to manage their food-related anxiety. Many felt stigmatized by their weight and guilty for being unable to control their binge eating, which they initially attributed to a lack of self-control. However, upon learning about their genetic profile, patients began to better understand their eating behaviors, allowing them to reduce the associated guilt. Clinically, it was observed that after receiving interdisciplinary treatment, which included both psychological interventions and precision nutritional management, binge eating episodes significantly decreased. In four out of five cases, binge eating disappeared completely.
Conclusions
This reinforces the importance of tailoring treatments to the genetic and psychosocial specifics of each patient, opening new research opportunities and improving the therapeutic approach for BED.
Efficacy and Safety of Qingbu Weijing Decoction in Treatment Stable Bronchiectasis: study protocol for a multicenter, double- blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jin-zhi , Yuan Sha-sha , Ruan Zhi-shen , Liu Shi-xu , Wang Bing , Miao Qing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Bronchiectasis is characterized by persistent cough, excessive sputum production, and recurrent infections. Chronic cough and sputum are the primary manifestations of airway mucus hypersecretion, which leads to frequent acute exacerbations and severely impairs quality of life. Qingbu Weijing Decoction (QWD) has shown promising evidence for improving sputum production and reducing the inflammatory burden. Previous clinical studies suggest its potential to improve mucus hypersecretion and prevent future acute exacerbations. This trial aims to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of QWD in managing Stable bronchiectasis with airway mucus hypersecretion.
Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial is designed to enroll 108 patients with stable bronchiectasis across six centers. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either QWD or a placebo in a 2:1 ratio, with a 24-week intervention period followed by 24 weeks of follow-up phase. The primary outcome is the number of acute exacerbations. Secondary outcomes include the time to first acute exacerbation, 24-hour sputum volume, pulmonary function test, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale scores, quality of life-bronchiectasis scores, mucin levels (Mucin 5AC, Mucin 5B, Mucin 2, Mucin 4), airway flora diversity, and levels of inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and neutrophil elastase. Safety metrics and adverse events will be meticulously monitored.
Discussion: This trial will provide research methods to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and the possible mechanism of QWD in the treatment of stable bronchiectasis patients. In addition, we hope to provide more possibilities for TCM to participate in the management of stable bronchiectasis.
Clinical Trial Registration: China Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2400085606. Registered on 13 June 2024, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=230513
Lab On chips for liquid biopsy: a flexible and customized approach through microfabrication
Authors: Garzarelli Valeria , Foscarini Alessia , Indirli Vanessa , Mangiullo Diego , Verri Tiziano , Primiceri Elisabetta , Nigro Annamaria , Quattrini Angelo , Romano Alessandro , Chiriacò Maria Serena , Gigli Giuseppe , Ferrara Francesco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Cancer early detection is one of the most challenging purposes of preventive medicine. Liquid biopsy represents a revolutionary approach, fostering access to early screening and increasing patients’ compliance, two crucial issues in reaching the largest possible audience in prevention campaigns. To facilitate this approach, the deployment of innovative methods for easy manipulation of biological fluids and the availability of devices for the rapid and low-cost detection of biomarkers is essential. The aim of this study was the optimization of multifunctional Lab-On-Chips with the final aim of realizing a platform for oral carcinoma cells trapping from a complex biological fluid as saliva and for specific subcellular components like extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the neuroblastoma cell model. A set of different microfluidic building blocks was realized through poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) micromilling, microfabricated and functionalized to optimize surface chemistry for capturing tumor cells or EVs in multiple channels, assess working concentration for biological fluids and combine sample preparation with detection modules all in the same chip. After optimization, a proof-of-concept device was realized mimicking liquid biopsy analysis from saliva, a biological fluid readily available and with a high compliance from patients, useful for the early diagnosis of cancer.
Ketamine as part of multi-modal analgesia may reduce opioid requirements following cardiac surgery: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Hall James , Chung Juri , Khilkin Michael , Elkomos-Botros George 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Postoperative pain control in cardiac surgery is often managed with opioid medications. Insufficient analgesia can result in complications including splinting, pneumonia, and delay of appropriate rehabilitation. Surgeries involving the highly innervated thoracic wall, such as cardiac surgery, make pain control particularly challenging. Given the risk for addiction and the many adverse effect of opioids in the postoperative patient including sedation, respiratory depression, delirium, and decrease gastrointestinal motility, multimodal non-opioid pain regimens are the preferential treatment regimen. Recently, there is increasing evidence that low dose Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is a safe and effective for analgesia in postoperative patients.
Methods:
This study is a single center, retrospective, observational, cohort study involving adult patients admitted for cardiac surgery at a single center during a one year period comparing those who received a single dose of ketamine, 0.3 mg/kg over 30 minutes with those who did not. A total of 120 patient charts were reviewed, of which 96 met inclusion criteria. 32 patients had received ketamine and 64 had not. Charts were reviewed for opioid and other pain medication requirements as well as secondary outcomes including hospital length of stay, ICU length of stay, in-hospital and 30-day mortality, 30-day readmission, and rates of delirium, emergence reactions, and need for additional respiratory support.
Results:
The group who received ketamine required d 28.8 MME less opioid during admission (90.1 mg vs 118.9 mg, p = 0.167), and was prescribed an average of 15.8 MME less on discharge (p < 0.001). The groups differed in respect to operation type and controlling for this failed to achieve significance in needs during admission (p = 0.215), but remained significant on discharge (p = 0.02). The ketamine group also required less acetaminophen but more gabapentin. There was no difference in hospital or ICU length of stay, mortality, or readmission. 15 instances of respiratory escalation occurred, all included in the ketamine group, but all of these patients received ketamine following this decompensation, none preceding it.
Conclusions:
Ketamine may be a reasonable choice for postoperative cardiac surgery analgesia and may reduce the need for opioids on discharge, and possibly during admission.
Magic transition in measurement-only circuits
Authors: Tirrito Emanuele , Tarabunga Poetri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Magic, also known as nonstabilizerness, quantifies the distance of a quantum state to the set of stabilizer states, and it serves as a necessary resource for potential quantum advantage over classical computing.
In this work, we study magic in a measurement-only quantum circuit with competing types of Clifford and non-Clifford measurements, where magic is injected through the non-Clifford measurements. This circuit can be mapped to a classical model that can be simulated efficiently, and the magic can be characterized using any magic measure that is additive to the tensor product of single-qubit states. Leveraging this observation, we study the magic transition in this circuit in both one- and two-dimensional lattices using large-scale numerical simulations. Our results demonstrate the presence of a magic transition between two different phases with extensive magic scaling, separated by a critical point in which the mutual magic exhibits scaling behavior analogous to entanglement. We further show that these two distinct phases can be distinguished by topological magic. In a different regime, with a vanishing rate of non-Clifford measurements, we find that the magic saturates in both phases. Our work sheds light on the behavior of magic and its linear combinations in quantum circuits, employing genuine magic measures.
Developmental Dynamics of Intercalary Meristem and Pith Cavity in Rice Stems
Authors: Nagai Keisuke , Niimi Yoko , Ohsato Misaki , Ashikari Motoyuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In rice, internode elongation is a critical aspect of plant development and agricultural productivity. Previous morphological and histochemical studies using [3H]thymidine have visualized the cell division zone (intercalary meristem) in internodes. However, it has remained unclear how the intercalary meristem forms during stem development. In addition, while a pith cavity forms in the central part of the rice stem, the spatiotemporal relationship between pith cavity formation and intercalary meristem development is not well understood. Therefore, we performed histological analysis of intercalary meristem and pith cavity development using C9285, a rice variety that shows internode elongation from the vegetative growth stage. We classified the developmental stages of the stem into four stages based on analysis of pith cavity formation using trypan blue staining and visualized dividing cells by Click-iT EdU imaging assay. In Stage 1, no pith cavity was formed. Vertical cell rows were observed between the upper end of the axillary bud attachment and the upper node, suggesting anticlinal divisions that lead to internode formation in the early stage of stem development. In Stage 2, the first pith cavity formed in the pith of the foot, which is the region of axillary bud attachment. Compared to cell division in the internode, that in the foot was significantly activated resulting in slight elongation from Stage 1 to Stage 2. In Stage 3, cell division in the foot ceased, while active cell division at the base of the internode led to significant vertical elongation. The second pith cavity formed due to cell death in the pith of the internode. In Stage 4, the two pith cavities connected to form a single large pith cavity. Although the intercalary meristem maintained cell division activity, the number of cell divisions decreased. Based on these results, we propose a model for stem development that involves two phases of elongation regulation: primary elongation involving slight elongation in the foot, and secondary elongation involving significant internode elongation due to the activation of cell division and cell elongation in the intercalary meristem. This is the first study to anatomically elucidate the spatiotemporal relationship between intercalary meristem development and pith cavity formation in rice stem development. It provides new insights for future research on rice stem development and studies of other grass species.