bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hericium erinaceus powder on the digestion, gelatinization of starch, and quality characteristics of Chinese noodles
Authors: Wang Lei , Tian Yingpeng , Chen Zhaoqing , Chen Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesTo improve the nutritional value and flavor of traditional Chinese noodles, Hericium erinaceus powder (HEP) was incorporated into Chinese noodles. The effects of HEP on the digestion, gelatinization of starch, and quality characteristics of Chinese noodles were analyzed.FindingsThe results showed that adding HEP could significantly reduce starch digestion rate and digestion extent in noodle, and the antioxidant capacity and gelatinization temperature were also positively related to the amount of HEP. The water absorption and cooking loss of noodles were improved by HEP, and noodle color was also impacted, showing increased L*, a* and b* values. Incorporation of HEP apparently affected texture profile analysis of noodles, resulting in increased hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. When <6% of HEP was incorporated, noodle quality was not dramatically changed, although starch digestibility was significantly inhibited. More HEP could further reduce starch digestion and increase antioxidant capacity; however, noodle quality might be deteriorated.ConclusionsIn our study, it found that incorporation up to a 6% of HEP into the noodles yielded an acceptable product with improved nutraceutical properties.Significance and noveltyThe results provided guidance for the development of functional noodles and facilitated the comprehensive application of HEP.
Flow development and prediction of solids concentration in a large gas‐solids turbulent fluidized bed
Authors: Ma Zhunzhun , Ma Hongfang , Qian Weixin , Li Yongzheng , Zhang Haitao , Sun Qiwen , Ying Weiyong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn a 5 m high turbulent fluidized bed with a 0.3 m inner diameter, local solids concentration in the dense region and axial pressure difference along the column were measured using an optical fibre probe (PC6M) and differential pressure sensors (PX653), respectively. The time‐series signals of the solids concentration fluctuations are analyzed via statistical methods. The axial and radial profiles of solids concentration are non‐uniform. In the developing dense region, the radial profiles of solids concentration are significantly influenced by operating conditions, and the fluctuation of solid concentration is considerably enhanced with the development of flow. In the fully developed dense region, the axial solids concentration decreases monotonously with height, and the radial profiles of solids concentration are exponential. The flow development in the dense region could be accelerated by the superficial gas velocity. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the radial solids concentration distribution in the dense region, an empirical correlation of this distribution is proposed. The formulated correlation is found to be consistent with the experimental data reported in the literature.
Estimating uncertainties and parameters for fundamental models used in online monitoring and control
Authors: Liu Qiujun A. , Karimi Hadiseh , McAuley Kimberley B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany model‐based online process monitoring and control applications rely on state estimation techniques that use noisy process data to update states, thereby ensuring that imperfect model predictions are consistent with process behaviour. Techniques for tuning state estimators are reviewed, and their effectiveness and limitations are summarized in this article. A new simultaneous parameter and estimator tuning (SPET) methodology is proposed, one in which parameter estimation techniques for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are used to simultaneously estimate measurement‐error covariances and model‐error covariances along with the model parameters. The resulting information is then used to compute state‐estimator tuning information. This study shows how SPET can be used, along with old dynamic process data, to obtain reliable tuning information. The proposed methodology is tested using a nonlinear two‐state continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR) model with simulated data. Comparisons are made with a more‐conventional approach that uses WLS to estimate fixed model parameters and autocovariance least squares (ALS) to estimate extended Kalman filter (EKF) tuning factors. The main benefit of the proposed approach is that fixed model parameters and tuning factors for the EKF are estimated simultaneously, resulting in significant improvements to state estimates and online model predictions.
Immobilization of Cadmium in Neutral Soil in a Vegetable Cultivation Mode Using Thiolated Palygorskite
Authors: He Lizhi , Xu Yingming , Huang Qingqing , Liang Xuefeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCd pollution in agricultural soil and its subsequent accumulation in crops are a global concern. In situ immobilization is an efficient remediation method; however, there are only few reported amendments for neutral soil. In this study, thiolated palygorskite (TPAL) is employed as a potential amendment. To comprehensively investigate the remediation effects and associated mechanisms of TPAL, a pot‐scale cultivation experiment with pakchoi and romaine lettuce is conducted. TPAL reduces the available Cd concentrations in the soil by 38.12–57.54% at doses of 0.1–0.3% and subsequently decreases Cd accumulation in the leafy vegetables. TPAL clearly decreases the ζ potentials of the amended soil and increases their maximum sorption capacity to promote Cd fixation in the soil. Correlation and principal component analyses confirm that the immobilization effect is correlated with the maximum sorption capacity of the soil for Cd2+. Furthermore, TPAL reduces the biological concentration factors to inhibit the transfer of Cd from the soil to the roots of the vegetables. TPAL increases the vegetable biomass and has no elevating effects on the soil pH or available concentrations of trace elements in the soil, illustrating its environmental friendliness. Overall, TPAL is a good immobilization amendment for Cd‐contaminated neutral soils.
A Sustainable Palladium‐Intercalated Montmorillonite Clay Catalytic System for Imine Hydrogenation under Mild Conditions
Authors: Gupta Unnati , Krishnapriya R. , Sharma Rakesh K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) intercalated montmorillonite clay catalysts is reported for hydrogenation of 3‐diphenyl prop‐2‐en‐1‐imine under mild reaction conditions. Pd/clay catalyst was prepared by a simple wet‐impregnation method, and the physicochemical properties were characterized extensively by various techniques including N2 adsorption, XRD, TEM, XPS and TPR etc., which showed the intercalation of active Pd NPs between the clay layers. The effect of reaction conditions such as catalyst loading, reaction time, temperature and H2 pressure is explored, and thereby a plausible mechanism is proposed. The optimum amount of 6 wt % Pd/clay catalyst showed significant catalytic activity to yield 3‐phenyl propyl aniline with 100 % conversion and selectivity under 5 bar pressure and a shorter reaction period of 3.5 h at 100 °C. The developed catalytic system unveiled excellent reusability over five cycles and hence paved the way for industrial applications.
Tuning the Conduction Band Potential of Bi‐based Semiconductors Using a Combination of Organic Ligands
Authors: Lei Longfei , Han Liuyuan , Wang Jiajia , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Zeyan , Wang Peng , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMost Bi‐based semiconductors are incapable of photocatalytic reduction reaction from a thermodynamic view, owing to relatively positive conduction band potentials (ECB). Here, a novel Bi‐based metal–organic framework (Bi‐MBA, MBA=4‐mercaptobenzoic acid) with excellent photocatalytic reduction activities is developed. The ECB of Bi‐MBA locates at −1.38 eV, which is able to efficiently reduce O2, CrVI and CO2. Theoretical calculations reveal the significant contribution of organic ligand (MBA) to the conduction band. Our results provide an effective route to improve the photocatalytic reduction activities of Bi‐based photocatalysts.
A Comparative Review of Metal‐Based Charge Carriers in Nonaqueous Flow Batteries
Authors: Palmer Travis C. , Beamer Andrew , Pitt Tristan , Popov Ivan A. , Cammack Claudina X. , Pratt Harry D. , Anderson Travis M. , Batista Enrique R. , Yang Ping , Davis Benjamin L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnergy storage is becoming the chief barrier to the utilization of more renewable energy sources on the grid. With independent service operators aiming to acquire gigawatts in the next 10–20 years, there is a large need to develop a suite of new storage technologies. Redox flow batteries (RFB) may be part of the solution if certain key barriers are overcome. This Review focuses on a particular kind of RFB based on nonaqueous media that promises to meet the challenge through higher voltages than the organic and aqueous variants. This class of RFB is divided into three groups: molecular, macromolecular, and redox‐targeted systems. The growing field of theoretical modeling is also reviewed and discussed.
Cytological diagnosis of Brunner's gland adenoma (hyperplasia): A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Ortiz Requena Domenika , Rojas Claudia , Garcia‐Buitrago Monica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrunner's gland adenoma (hyperplasia) (BGA/H) is a benign gastrointestinal lesion, usually asymptomatic and frequently detected incidentally by endoscopy as a submucosal nodule. Most BGA/Hs are diagnosed by their typical cytological morphology and immunohistochemical features, characterized by monomorphic cells arranged as loosely clusters of epithelial cells with abundant, clear, and granular cytoplasm, eccentrically located nuclei, and immunoreactivity for MUC‐6. The combination of the clinical and pathological features is essential for rendering a correct diagnosis. Herein, we report two cases of BGA/H, including their cytologic and histologic features, and a literature review of the clinicopathologic findings along with its differential diagnoses.
Early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on infrared thermal imaging technology
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Qian Zhihui , Wu Jianan , Liu Jing , Ren Lei , Ren Luquan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to detect and compare the surface temperature of plantar vessels in mild diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients and healthy controls, to explore a simple, convenient and reliable method for early diagnosis of DPN, and to explore the influence of sex and age on vascular surface temperature.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 60 mild DPN patients (30 males and 30 females) and 60 healthy volunteers were randomly recruited according to their age and sex. Intra‐class correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the repeatability of skin temperature measurement in the vascular area. A general linear model was used to analyse the difference of skin temperature between mild DPN patients and healthy controls.ResultsThe infrared detection results of skin temperature corresponding to blood vessels showed excellent test–retest reliability. There was no significant difference in skin temperature between sex and age. But there were significant differences in skin temperature between mild DPN patients and healthy controls, except for the posterior tibial artery.ConclusionsFor mild DNP patients, in case of no obvious abnormality in the infrared detection of lower extremity arterial surface temperature, the small vessels have shown early abnormal body surface temperature, that is, the surface temperature of related vessels increased. The research conclusions of this article not only enable us to better understand the correlation between body surface temperature and hemodynamic parameters, but also provide an in vivo, non‐invasive, and convenient way of thinking and methods for early diagnosis of DPN.
Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones
Authors: Galea Gabriel L. , Zein Mohamed R. , Allen Steven , Francis‐West Philippa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSkeletal elements have a diverse range of shapes and sizes specialized to their various roles including protecting internal organs, locomotion, feeding, hearing, and vocalization. The precise positioning, size, and shape of skeletal elements is therefore critical for their function. During embryonic development, bone forms by endochondral or intramembranous ossification and can arise from the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm or neural crest. This review describes inductive mechanisms to position and pattern bones within the developing embryo, compares and contrasts the intrinsic vs extrinsic mechanisms of endochondral and intramembranous skeletal development, and details known cellular processes that precisely determine skeletal shape and size. Key cellular mechanisms are employed at distinct stages of ossification, many of which occur in response to mechanical cues (eg, joint formation) or preempting future load‐bearing requirements. Rapid shape changes occur during cellular condensation and template establishment. Specialized cellular behaviors, such as chondrocyte hypertrophy in endochondral bone and secondary cartilage on intramembranous bones, also dramatically change template shape. Once ossification is complete, bone shape undergoes functional adaptation through (re)modeling. We also highlight how alterations in these cellular processes contribute to evolutionary change and how differences in the embryonic origin of bones can influence postnatal bone repair.
Effects of anthropogenic habitat disturbance and Giardia duodenalis infection on a sentinel species' gut bacteria
Authors: Kuthyar Sahana , Kowalewski Martin M. , Roellig Dawn M. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Zeng Yan , Gillespie Thomas R. , Amato Katherine R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHabitat disturbance, a common consequence of anthropogenic land use practices, creates human–animal interfaces where humans, wildlife, and domestic species can interact. These altered habitats can influence host–microbe dynamics, leading to potential downstream effects on host physiology and health. Here, we explored the effect of ecological overlap with humans and domestic species and infection with the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis on the bacteria of black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya), a key sentinel species, in northeastern Argentina. Fecal samples were screened for Giardia duodenalis infection using a nested PCR reaction, and the gut bacterial community was characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Habitat type was correlated with variation in A. caraya gut bacterial community composition but did not affect gut bacterial diversity. Giardia presence did not have a universal effect on A. caraya gut bacteria across habitats, perhaps due to the high infection prevalence across all habitats. However, some bacterial taxa were found to vary with Giardia infection. While A. caraya's behavioral plasticity and dietary flexibility allow them to exploit a range of habitat conditions, habitats are generally becoming more anthropogenically disturbed and, thus, less hospitable. Alterations in gut bacterial community dynamics are one possible indicator of negative health outcomes for A. caraya in these environments, since changes in host–microbe relationships due to stressors from habitat disturbance may lead to negative repercussions for host health. These dynamics are likely relevant for understanding organism responses to environmental change in other mammals.
Association between base excess and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Guo Wenqin , Peng Changnong , Liu Qiang , Zhao Lingyue , Guo Wenyu , Chen Xiehui , Li Lang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe relationship between baseline base excess (BE) and survival outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this relationship based on the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC‐III) database (v1.4).Methods and resultsThis retrospective cohort study included 5956 adult patients with CHF from the MIMIC‐III database from 2001 to 2012. Using the Cox proportional‐hazard analysis and Kaplan–Meier plot, we evaluated the relationship between baseline BE and all‐cause death at 1 year after admission to the intensive care unit. At the 1 year follow‐up, 2104 participants (35.3%) had died. There was an association between BE and all‐cause death (log‐rank test P < 0.0001). In the Cox regression model adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, the risk of all‐cause death in the first (BE ≤ −8), second (−8 < BE ≤ −3), fourth (2 < BE ≤ 7), and fifth (BE > 7) BE groups was significantly higher than that in the third BE group (−3 < BE ≤ 2) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62–2.43, HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.23–1.60, HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.26–1.69, and HR 1.68, 95% 1.33–2.12, respectively]. Similar results were observed when BE was modelled as a continuous variable using a Cox regression model with a restricted cubic spline.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the existence of a U‐shaped relationship between BE and survival outcome in patients with CHF. Both low and high BE increased the risk of all‐cause mortality.
Steric and Electronic Manipulation of the Agostic and π‐Syndetic Donations in a Known Iminophosphane Ni(II) Complex Containing a Rotatable In‐Plane Aromatic Ring
Authors: Sajjad M. Arif , Schwerdtfeger Peter , Harrison John A. , Nielson Alastair J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations show that in a known nickel(II) complex containing a chelating iminophosphane ligand, where a pendant aromatic ring forms a weak agostic interaction with the metal centre, significant π‐syndetic donation is developed which establishes this kind of donation in a complex derived from experiment. Electron withdrawing and donating groups added to the carbon para to the agostic carbon do not cause the aromatic ring to rotate. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis shows that electron withdrawing groups cause little change to the agostic and π‐syndetic donations but electron donation switches off the π‐syndetic donation forming η1‐complexes of varying strength but which still retain a mostly unchanged agostic component. Increasing the size of the substituent ortho to the agostic carbon sequentially, cause rotation of the ring whereby the agostic donation declines slowly, the π‐syndetic donation rises followed by a rapid decline in both donations. The study shows that both donations may be manipulated where a rotatable aromatic ring is present.
Recent Developments in the Meyer‐Schuster Rearrangement
Authors: Justaud Frédéric , Hachem Ali , Grée René 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Meyer‐Schuster rearrangement is an efficient method to prepare α,β‐unsatured carbonyl compounds starting from propargylic alcohols and this review presents the remarkable progress made during the last decade in this reaction. New efficient catalytic systems have been discovered and many elegant applications have been reported for this rearrangement. To be noticed in particular are the new and efficient cascade processes affording a wide range of carbo‐ and heterocyclic molecules. Moreover, brilliant applications of this rearrangement have been described as well, in the total synthesis of complex natural products and their analogues. Finally, the first examples of aza‐Meyer‐Schuster rearrangements have been recently described as well.
Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Surface Water, Groundwater, and Wastewater Across Land-Use Gradients and Potential Effects
Authors: Berens Matthew J. , Capel Paul D. , Arnold William A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides cause adverse effects on nontarget organisms, but more information about their occurrence in surface and groundwater is needed across a range of land uses. Sixty-five sites in Minnesota, USA, representing rivers, streams, lakes, groundwater, and treated wastewater, were monitored via collection of 157 water samples to determine variability in spatiotemporal neonicotinoid concentrations. The data were used to assess relations to land use, hydrogeologic condition, and potential effects on aquatic life. Total neonicotinoid concentrations were highest in agricultural watersheds (median = 12 ng/L), followed by urban (2.9 ng/L) and undeveloped watersheds (1.9 ng/L). Clothianidin was most frequently detected in agricultural areas (detection frequency = 100%) and imidacloprid most often in urban waters (detection frequency = 97%). The seasonal trend of neonicotinoid concentrations in rivers, streams, and lakes showed that their highest concentrations coincided with spring planting and elevated streamflow. Consistently low neonicotinoid concentrations were found in shallow groundwater in agricultural regions (&lt;1.2–16 ng/L, median = 1.4 ng/L). Treated municipal wastewater had the highest concentrations across all hydrologic compartments (12–48 ng/L, median = 19 ng/L), but neonicotinoid loads from rivers and streams (median = 4100 mg/d) were greater than in treated wastewater (700 mg/d). No samples exceeded acute aquatic-life benchmarks for individual neonicotinoids, whereas 10% of samples exceeded a chronic benchmark for neonicotinoid mixtures. Although 62% of samples contained 2 or more neonicotinoids, the observed concentrations suggest there were low acute and potential chronic risks to aquatic life. This the first study of its size in Minnesota and is critical to better understanding the drivers of wide-scale environmental contamination by neonicotinoids where urban, agricultural, and undeveloped lands are present. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1017–1033. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Odors modify emotional responses
Authors: Sabiniewicz Agnieszka , Heyne Franziska , Hummel Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBasic emotions evoked by odors are predominantly related to happiness and disgust as two opposite sides of a continuum, and few studies concerned a wider spectrum of emotions. The present study aimed to investigate whether exposure to a pleasant and an unpleasant odor—compared with the odor‐neutral control condition—elicits a change in the emotional state that has a measurable effect on facial expressions in terms of four basic emotions: anger, happiness, sadness, and surprise. 167 participants were randomly divided into two groups and presented with a set of three odors per group (fish, rose, and water/peach, tar, and water), with one odor used per session. This way, each participant took part in three odor sessions that consisted of two tasks. The ‘passive task’ was to passively sniff the odor for 30 seconds; the ‘reading task’ was to stay exposed to the odor while reading out silently a short text. Participants’ facial behavior was recorded. Consistently through all time periods and both tasks, odors of fish/tar and rose/peach were noted to evoke more surprise and sadness than the presentation of water. Anger was elicited to a greater extent by the presentation of water than by the odors of fish/tar and rose/peach. None of the investigated odors evoked happiness. Interestingly, the impact of the task on facial expressions of emotions appears to be marginal. We suggest that how odors elicit emotions might be more complex than typically assumed.