bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Disiplin Guru Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Penerapan Reward And Punishment Di TK Tunas Mekar 1
Authors: Hapipah Ipit - 
Published: February 2020

Abstract—Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah dari adanya fakta di lapangan yang sering dijumpai di sekolah adalah kurang disiplinnya guru, terutama masalah disiplin guru dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran yang akan digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya penelitian agar dapat mengatasi hal tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah disiplin guru dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan Reward and Punishment, dan bagaimana upaya meningkatkan disiplin guru dalam pembelajaran dengan melalui penerapan Reward and Punishment di TK Tunas Mekar 1. Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK Tunas Mekar 1 Kecamatan Cihaurbeuti Kabupaten Ciamis, dengan subjek penelitian adalah 1 orang kepala sekolah dan 2 orang guru, serta siswa yang berjumlah 40 orang. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian menunjukan penerapan Reward and Punishment sangat baik untuk memotivasi guru dalam melaksanakan kewajibannya, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kualitas bahan ajar yang dibuat oleh guru-guru pada siklus I pertemuan 1 rata-rata mencapai 61,56 (Cukup), siklus I pertemuan 2 69,69 (cukup), siklus II pertemuan 1 77,19 (baik), dan siklus II pertemuan 2 89,38 (sangatbaik). Melalui Reward and Punishment tampak guru termotivasi untuk belajar dan berkomunikasi dengan Kepala Sekolah serta rekan-rekan guru lainnya untuk meminta pendapat dan saran mengenai bahan ajar yang telah dibuatnya. Hasil pengamatan supervise kunjungan kelas menunjukan peningkatan yang baik, siklus I pertemuan 1 rata-rata 52,00, siklus I pertemuan 2 68,61, siklus II pertemuan 1 78,47, dan siklus II pertemuan 2 85,56. Hasil pengamatan pelaksanaan pembelajaran guru dalam proses KBM menunjukan adanya peningkatan prosentase yang signifikan, dimana untuk yang melaksanakan aspek-aspek pembelajaran di siklus I pertemuan 1 sebanyak 48,12%, siklus I pertemuan 2 56,40%, siklus II pertemuan 1 68,90%, dan pada siklus II pertemuan 2 menunjukan hasil yang baikya itu meningkat menjadi 80,23. Hasil pengamatan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran menunjukan adanya peningkatan prosentase yang signifikan, siklus I pertemuan 1 sebanyak 62,08%, siklus I pertemuan 2 70,42% , siklus II pertemuan 1 77,08%, dan pada siklus II pertemuan 2 85,42%. Untuk hasil tes belajar siswa menujukan adanya peningkatan, siklus I pertemuan 1 rata-rata 61,88, siklus I pertemuan 2 66,88, siklus II pertemuan 1 75,13, dan siklus II pertemuan 2 81,63. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, sudah menjadi tugas seorang Kepala Sekolah untuk memotivasi guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran demi menjaga mutu sekolah yang baik sehingga akan dihasilkan peserta didik yang berkualitas. Kata Kunci— Disiplin Guru, Hasil Belajar, Reward, Punishment.
Profile of Cesarean Sections Since the BPJS Era
Authors: Andalas Mohd. , R. Maharani Cut , Jannah Raudhatul , Harisah Siti , Haekal Muhammad , Ichsan  
Published: February 2020

Objective: to find out the profile of caesarean section in dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital since the BPJS era.
Methods: This study was a descriptive-observational with retrospective design. The data were obtained in March-April 2017. We collected 3656 data from medical record period January 1st, 2014- December 31st, 2016.
Results: The finding showed there were 1669 vaginal deliveries (45,65%) and 1987 caesarean sections (54,35%). The most frequent causes to caesarean sections were induction failure (49,77%), cephalopelvic disproportion (14,33%), pregnancy induced hypertension (11,21%), malpresentation (8,91), and antepartum haemorrhage (4,33%).
Conclusion: The incidence of caesarean sections in dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital since the BPJS era was 54,35%, increased by 13,29% than the year of 2011-2013 (41,06%) with the most frequent cause is induction failure (49,77%).
Keywords: Antepartum haemorrhage, BPJS, Caesarean section, Induction failure, Pregnancy induced hypertension, Tertiary referral hospital.

Abstrak
Tujuan: Mengetahui profil persalinan seksio sesarea di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh pada era BPJS.
Metode: Penelitian deskriptif-observasional dengan desain studi retrospektif. Pengambilan data dimulai dari bulan Maret-April 2017. Sebanyak 3656 data dikumpulkan dari rekam medik periode 1 Januari 2014- 31 Desember 2016.
Hasil: Terdapat 1669 kasus persalinan pervaginam (45,65%) dan 1987 kasus seksio sesarea (54,35%). Indikasi terbanyak yang menyertai seksio sesarea adalah gagal induksi (49,77%), cephalopelvic disproportion (14,33%), hipertensi dalam kehamilan (11,21%), malpresentasi (8,91%), dan perdarahan antepartum (4,33%).
Kesimpulan: Angka seksio sesarea di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin meningkat 13,29% sejak berlakunya BPJS (1 Januari 2014-31 Desember 2016) mencapai 54,35% dibandingkan tahun 2011-2013 (41,07%) dengan indikasi terbanyak gagal induksi (49,77%).
Kata kunci: Perdarahan Antepartum, BPJS, Seksio sesarea, Gagal Induksi, Hipertensi dalam kehamilan, RS Rujukan Tersier.
Analisis Rangkaian Full Wave Rectifier dengan Filter Kapasitor, Pembagi Tegangan, Buffer dan Penguat Differensial pada Sensor Arus
Authors: Giyantara Andhika , Mudeng Vicky , Ramadhani Rizky , Wulandari Rizky 
Published: February 2020

Abstrak
Penelitian ini menyajikan perancangan dan analisis sebuah sensor arus yang terdiri dari rangkaian penyearah gelombang penuh dengan filter kapasitor, pembagi tegangan, buffer, dan penguat diferensial. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur nilai arus pada sensor adalah dengan menetapkan salah satu resistor pada rangkaian pembagi tegangan sebagai resistor referensi (Rs). Metode ini didasarkan pada hukum Ohm dalam menentukan nilai arus yang melalui suatu jalur. Hasil percobaan yang dilakukan telah membuktikan teori yang disajikan.

Kata Kunci: metode resistif, pengukuran arus, rangkaian sensor arus.
A Statistics–Respecting Bijection Between Permutation Matrices and Descending Plane Partitions Without Special Parts
Authors: Fulmek Markus 
Published: February 2020

We present a bijection between permutation matrices and descending plane partitions without special parts, which respects two of the statistics considered by Mills, Robbins and Rumsey, and an additional statistic considered by Behrend, Di Francesco and Zinn–Justin.
Ileo-ileal intussusception secondary to an inflammatory fibroid polyp, a case report and a literature review.
Authors: Medina Velasco A , de la Plaza Llamas R , Arteaga Peralta V , López Marcano AJ , González Sierra B , Díaz Candelas DA , Sastre Borregón B , Latorre Fragua R , Ramia Ángel JM 
Published: February 2020

Resumen

Introducción: la intususcepción es el deslizamiento de un segmento de tracto gastrointestinal hacia otro distalmente adyacente, pudiendo alterar el tránsito gastrointestinal y su vascularización. Es más frecuente en niños y raro en adultos (5-16%), representando en estos últimos 1-5% de los casos de obstrucción intestinal. Una rara causa de esta es el pólipo fibroide inflamatorio (PFI). Presentamos un caso y revisamos la literatura.

Material y Métodos: se trata de un caso de intususcepción íleo-ileal causada por un PFI en una mujer de 26 años y realizamos una búsqueda en la literatura (actualizada el 9 de febrero de 2018). Como criterios de inclusión se seleccionaron aquellos pacientes con cuadros de intususcepción de intestino delgado por PFI. Se excluyeron los casos en otras localizaciones.

Resultados: la mediana de edad fue de 45 años con un rango intercuartilítico (RI) de 35-58 años, siendo más frecuente en mujeres (55%). La localización más frecuente de los PFI el íleon. La duración de los síntomas hasta la valoración hospitalaria tuvo una mediana de diez días (RI 3-45 días), presentando una masa palpable abdominal en 22 casos (22%). La tomografía computarizada fue la prueba más utilizada en el diagnóstico. En el tratamiento quirúrgico, la técnica más realizada fue la resección y anastomosis de intestino delgado por laparotomía. La mediana del tamaño del PFI fue de 3,5 cm (RI 3-5 cm).

Discusión y conclusiones: la intususcepción causada por PFI en intestino delgado ha sido descrita en 99 ocasiones en la literatura revisada, considerándose un hallazgo excepcional.
The future of education in surgery. How are new technologies and social media contributing to the education of medical students and surgical residents?
Authors: Blanco Colino R 
Published: February 2020

Resumen

Las nuevas tecnologías y las redes sociales hoy en día forman parte de la formación médica en diversos ámbitos. Los cambios que veremos en la cirugía y el cambio generacional de los futuros cirujanos influirán en la manera en que la revolución tecnológica forme parte de la cirugía. En este artículo se revisan las nuevas condiciones de futuro que se afrontarán desde el mundo quirúrgico, la generación que será la base de dichos cambios, y las contribuciones, limitaciones y beneficios que las nuevas tecnologías pueden aportar.
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis
Authors: Wilson Steven E. , de Oliveira Rodrigo Carlos 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE:
To review cytokine- and chemokine-mediated mechanisms of diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after lamellar corneal surgical procedures.

METHODS:
Review of the basic science and clinical literature.

RESULTS:
DLK can occur early or late (months to decades) after all lamellar corneal surgeries, including laser in situ keratomileusis, small incision lenticule extraction, anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty. It is most commonly triggered by epithelial injury during or after lamellar surgery, which leads to the release of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from the epithelium and into the stroma. These chemokines directly attract inflammatory cells into the cornea from the limbal blood vessels and also bind to receptors on keratocytes and corneal fibroblasts where myriad chemokines are upregulated that also chemotactically attract monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and other bone marrow–derived cells into the corneal stroma. Other factors that can trigger DLK include retained blood in the interface, endotoxins and other toxins, and excessive keratocyte necrosis caused by femtosecond lasers. Infiltrating cells show a preference to enter any lamellar interface in the cornea, regardless of the time since surgery, because of the ease of movement toward the chemotactic attractants relative to the surrounding stroma with intact collagen lamellae and stromal cells that serve as relative barriers impeding motility. The mainstay of treatment is topical corticosteroids, but severe cases may also be treated with flap lift irrigation and systemic corticosteroids.

CONCLUSIONS:
DLK can occur early or late after any lamellar corneal surgical procedure and is most commonly triggered by epithelial-stromal-bone marrow–derived cellular interactions mediated by corneal cytokines and chemokines.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(2):124–130.]
Fenomenologie van ziekte en abnormaliteit
Authors: Slatman Jenny 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Phenomenology of illness and abnormality

Habitually, illness or disease is considered as something abnormal. Therefore, the distinction between health/illness is often conflated with the distinction normal/abnormal. Inspired by Kurt Goldstein’s work, Merleau-Ponty makes clear, however, that abnormality does not automatically coincide with pathology. It is also interesting to note that Merleau-Ponty nowhere uses the term “abnormal” to indicate the opposite of the normal person. Similar to Georges Canguilhem he uses the pair “the normal (person)” (le normal) – “the sick person”, “the pathological” (le malade, le pathologique). As Goldstein and Canguilhem make more explicit than Merleau-Ponty, the abnormal person or “deviant” is very often not sick. Instead of approaching physical symptoms from an external or statistical view (which might lead to the conclusion that something is abnormal), they claim that sickness should be defined by the patient’s own lived experience. Merleau-Ponty shares this view, but for different reasons. Goldstein and Canghuilhem, both trained clinicians, believe that patients’ own experiences should be central in clinical practice instead of objectifying measurements and tests. For Merleau-Ponty, the phenomenologist, objective physical features have no place within his phenomenology of lived bodily experience. Bracketing positivist scientific insights, phenomenology also excludes biomedical statistics from its analysis. If we assume that abnormality is a result from a comparison with what is statistically seen as normal, this means that a phenomenology of abnormal embodiment might seem a contradiction in terms. In this paper, however, I would like to show that abnormal embodiment can also be approached from a phenomenological perspective. While drawing on some ideas by Hacking on the history of statistical reasoning, I demonstrate how the statistics of abnormality directly interconnects with lived experience. Hacking explains how the descriptive “average” or “mean” has become the normative “normal”. Because our world is in many ways determined by averages, it is an illusion to think that phenomenology can just bracket statistics. The one who appears physically as abnormal can, comparable to the one who is ill, experience that his or her embodied possibilities to deal with the world dwindle. What I show in this article is that even though a clear distinction can be made between illness and abnormality, both can be accompanied by a reduction or disruption of the “I can”.
El sufijo «-ing» en español y catalán: análisis contrastivo desde la perspectiva lexicográfica
Authors: Prat Sabater Marta 
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en realizar un análisis contrastivo entre español y catalán sobre el uso del sufijo -ing de procedencia inglesa. Para ello, se compara, en primer lugar, la mayor o menor aceptabilidad de anglicismos con esta terminación en los diccionarios normativos y de uso de ambas lenguas románicas. En segundo lugar, se demuestra que, además de tratarse de un morfema derivativo que forma parte de importaciones léxicas, posee un valor productivo en la creación o aceptación de nuevas palabras con esta terminación. Por último, la valoración de su presencia en el contexto lexicográfico sugiere constatar en futuros trabajos la vitalidad de este sufijo en el uso más espontáneo de las lenguas española y catalana.
The objective of this article is to carry out a contrastive analysis between Spanish and Catalan on the use of the English suffix -ing. For this purpose, the greater or lesser acceptability of anglicisms is compared, first, with this word ending in the normative and use dictionaries of both Romance languages. Secondly, it is shown that, besides being a derivative morpheme which is part of lexical imports, it has a productive value in the creation or acceptance of new words with this ending. Finally, the assessment of its presence in the lexicographical context suggests that future researches will verify the vitality of this suffix in the most spontaneous use of the Spanish and Catalan languages.
Investigating the Superoxide Formation and Stability in Mesoporous Carbon Perovskite Solar Cells with an Aminovaleric Acid Additive
Authors: Péan Emmanuel V. , De Castro Catherine S. , Dimitrov Stoichko , De Rossi Francesca , Meroni Simone , Baker Jenny , Watson Trystan , Davies Matthew L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have attracted a great deal of attention thanks to their high efficiency, ease of manufacturing, and potential low cost. However, the stability of these devices is considered their main drawback and needs to be addressed. Mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells (m‐CPSC), consisting of three mesoporous layers (TiO2/ZrO2/C) infiltrated with CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) perovskite, have presented excellent lifetimes of more than 10 000 h when the additive NH2(CH2)4CO2HI (5‐ aminovaleric acid iodide; 5‐AVAI) is used to modify the perovskite structure. Yet, the role of 5‐AVAI in enhancing the stability has yet to be determined. Here, superoxide‐mediated degradation of MAPI m‐CPSC with and without the 5‐AVAI additive is studied using the fluorescence probe dihydroethidium for superoxide detection. In situ X‐ray diffractometry shows that aminovaleric acid methylammonium lead iodide (AVA‐MAPI) perovskite infiltrated in mesoporous layers presents higher stability in an ambient environment under illumination, evidenced by a slower decrease of the MAPI/PbI2 peak ratio. Superoxide yield measurements demonstrate that AVA‐MAPI generates more superoxide than regular MAPI when deposited on glass but generates significantly less when infiltrated in mesoporous layers. It is believed that superoxide formation in m‐CPSC is dependent on a combination of competitive factors including oxygen diffusion, sample morphology, grain size, and defect concentration.
Phosphorous‐Doped Graphite Layers with Outstanding Electrocatalytic Activities for the Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions in Water Electrolysis
Authors: Liu Ziwu , Ai Jie , Sun Maomao , Han Fei , Li Zekun , Peng Qiancheng , Wang Quan‐De , Liu Jinlong , Liu Ling 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdvances demonstrate that the incorporation of phosphorous into the network of nitrogen, sulfur, or fluorine‐doped carbon materials can remarkably enhance their oxygen and hydrogen evolution activities. However, the electrocatalytic behaviors of pristine phosphorous single‐doped carbon catalysts toward the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) are rarely investigated and their corresponding active species are not yet explored. To clearly ascertain the effects of phosphorous doping on the OER and HER and identify the active sites, herein, phosphorous unitary‐doped graphite layers with different phosphorous species distributions are prepared and the correlations between the oxygen or hydrogen evolution activity and different phosphorous species are investigated, respectively. Results indicate that phosphorous single‐doped graphite layers show a superior oxygen evolution activity to most of the reported OER catalysts and the commercial IrO2 in alkaline medium, and comparable hydrogen evolution activity to most reported carbon catalysts in acidic medium. Moreover, the relevancies unveil that the COP species are the main OER active species, and the defects derived from the decomposition of C3P = O species are the main active sites for HER, as evidenced by density functional theory calculations, showing a new perspective for the design of more effective phosphorous‐containing water‐splitting catalysts.
Developing Cheap and Mass‐Producible Graphite‐Filled Paper as an Anode Material for Microbial Electrochemical Technologies
Authors: Alvarez Esquivel Diana Y. , Brown Robert Keith , Knohl Stefan , Schröder Uwe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study details, in‐depth, the development of graphite paper as electrodes, specifically anodes, for microbial electrochemical technologies. Processed natural graphite powders were used as an active filler substance in paper composites. Mechanical and electrical properties were balanced during development. Graphite papers with 80 wt% natural graphite content had tear lengths of 730±58 m and resistivities of 0.014±0.001 Ω cm. Electrochemically active biofilms on these materials, cultivated from biomass taken from the bioanodes of an already running bioelectrochemical reactor, were fed with acetate and yielded an average maximum current density of 0.855±0.135 as well as 0.489±0.148 mA cm−2 with a complex substrate mixture. All anodes exhibited similar performance to commonly used carbonaceous electrodes fed the same substrates. This places them as flexible and cheap electrode materials suitable for large‐scale microbial electrochemical technologies.
Dual‐mode multiple‐target tracking in wireless sensor networks based on sensor grouping and maximum likelihood estimation
Authors: Adhami Mohammad Hossein , Ghazizade Reza , Majidi Mohammad‐Hassan 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe problem of tracking multiple mobile targets, using a wireless sensor network, is investigated in this paper. We propose a new sensor grouping algorithm, based on the maximum sensor separation distances (G‐MSSD), for estimating the location of multiple indistinguishable targets, either jointly or individually, depending on the distances between the generated groups. The joint tracking algorithm is formulated as a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and solved through a modified version of the well‐known Gauss‐Newton (MGN) iterative method. We propose two candidate initial guesses for MGN based on G‐MSSD in joint tracking mode, while for the individual mode, the information of each group is used to estimate the location of only the corresponding target. The Cramer‐Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the variance of the proposed ML estimator is derived, and the potential conditions for reducing the CRLB are presented. Since tracking efficiency is affected by poor estimates, we present two criteria to evaluate the quality of estimates and detect the poor ones. An approach is also proposed for correcting the poor estimates, based on additional initial guesses. We demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our proposed dual‐mode algorithm via simulation results and compare our results with the Multi‐Resolution search algorithm.
Temporal variation in effect sizes in a long‐term, split‐plot field experiment
Authors: Leverkus Alexandro B. , Crawley Michael J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEcological field experiments initiate successional and evolutionary changes among resident species, yet effect sizes are often reported as if they were constants. Few ecological studies have addressed their questions through long‐term, experimental approaches, and many questions remain unanswered regarding temporal patterns in ecological effect sizes. We document temporal variation in effect sizes in response to pulse and press manipulations in a long‐term factorial field experiment at Nash's Field, England. The experiment comprises seven treatments applied in a split‐plot design to test the single and interactive effects of herbivory by insects, molluscs, and rabbits, liming, nutrient limitation (applied as press experiments), competition (exclusion of grasses or herbs with specific herbicides), and seed limitation (pulse experiments) on plant community dynamics. The response of all vascular plant species was followed for two decades. High species richness was positively related to the minus‐grass herbicide in the first decade and negatively related to both nitrogen addition and the abundance of dominant species in both decades. Many significant effects appeared quickly, but some large effects were not detected until year 15. Press experiments produced some long‐lasting effects, but effect sizes changed due to both idiosyncratic “year effects” and secular trends. For pulse experiments, most effects, including positive and negative responses to herbicide application and the invasion of most of the sown species, disappeared quickly. However, some endured or grew monotonically, such as the invasion of two sown species that benefited from particular combinations of the press treatments. The fastest effects to appear were the responses from established species. Many of these responses were negative, likely resulting from reduced niche dimensionality and competitive exclusion by new dominant species. Contrarily, one of the largest community‐level effects took well over a decade to appear: the natural invasion by one species, which responded to a four‐way interaction between experimental treatments. The insights gained from individual effects increased with the duration of the lag before their first appearance, drawing attention to the importance of long‐term, manipulative field experiments. This experiment also reinforces the point that factorial experiments are the most insightful way to explore ecological interactions.