bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional Craniotomy Versus Conservative Treatment in Patients With Minor Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Basal Ganglia
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhu Xuanhao , Tu Qi , Zhu Daqian , Qu Shuai , Yang Jianjing , Ruan Linhui , Zhuge Qichuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still controversial, especially for hematomas in the basal ganglia. A retrospective case-control study with propensity score matching was performed to compare the outcomes of conventional craniotomy and conservative treatment for patients with minor ICH in the basal ganglia.Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of consecutive patients with minor basal ganglia hemorrhage from January 2018 to August 2019. We compared clinical outcomes of two groups using propensity score matching. The extended Glasgow outcome scale obtained by phone interviews based on questionnaires at 12 months follow-up was used as the primary outcome measure. On the basis of their clinical status at admission, patients were divided into good and poor prognosis groups to obtain a dichotomized (favorable or unfavorable) outcome as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included hospitalized complications, mortality and modified Rankin score at 12 months.Results: A total of 54 patients were analyzed, and the baseline characteristics of patients in the surgery and conservative treatment groups were well matched. The primary favorable outcome at 12 months was significantly higher in the conservative treatment group than in the surgery group (81% vs 44%; OR 1.833, 95% CI 1.159–2.900; P=0.005). The incidence of pneumonia in the surgery group was significantly higher than that in the conservative treatment group (p=0.005).Conclusions: It is not recommended to undertake conventional craniotomy for patients with a minor hematoma (25–40 ml) in the basal ganglia. An open craniotomy might induce worse long-term functional outcomes than the conservative treatment.
Ultrasonography for Serial Monitoring and Management of CSF Dynamic Disorders After Decompressive Craniectomy
Authors: Zhu Meng , Zhang Jiahui , Mu Shuang , Liu Wei , Deng Wenshuai , Liu Xin , He Zhaozhong , Gong Anjing , Li Huanting , Feng Yugong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is widely used to treat intracranial hypertension following severe head injury. However, impairments of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics such as hydrocephalus and subdural effusion are common complications that occur after DC. Therefore, monitoring of intracranial pressure is a staple of neurocritical care post-DC. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of transcranial duplex sonography (TDS) for serial monitoring and management of CSF disorders after DC. Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent DC between June 2016 and May 2019 were recruited for the study. TDS examinations were performed between 1 day and 1-year post-DC. TDS was mainly used for monitoring changes in ventricle size and morphology, and also to monitor intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), hydrocephalus, intracranial hygromas, and ventricle changes during CSF release procedures. Results A total of 456 TDS examinations were performed on patients after DC. Of these, 402 were performed in the neuro-ICU. Two patients had IVH and underwent TDS-guided external ventricular drainage (EVD). Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with hydrocephalus. The results of TDS were consistent with those of cranial computed tomography (CCT). Three cases of ventriculoperitoneal shunt and 1 case of lumbar peritoneal shunt underwent valve pressure reset according to TDS, in order to obtain satisfactory ventricle size. TDS was used to monitor ventricle changes and control drainage volume during CSF release procedures, including 2 EVD, 6 external lumbar drainage, and 10 lumbar punctures. Eighteen patients were detected with single or multiple intracranial effusions, including 16 subdural hygromas, 5 longitudinal fissure hygromas, and 6 brain cysts. Conclusions TDS can efficiently help monitor changes in ventricle size and morphology and intracranial effusions. Due to its noninvasive nature, suitability for bedside application, real-time and inexpensiveness, TDS can significantly replace CCT and become part of the patient's daily inspection work after DC.
Integrated bioinformatics approach to understand immune-related key genes and pathways in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: su wenxing , huang biao , zhao ying , zhang xiaoyan , chen lu , ji jiang , Jiao qingqing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) refers to recurrent urticaria that lasts for more than 6 weeks in the absence of an identifiable trigger. Due to its recurrent wheal and severe itching, CSU seriously affects patients' life quality. There is currently no radical cure for it and its vague pathogenesis limits the development of targeted therapy. With the goal of revealing the underlying mechanism, two data sets with accession numbers GSE57178 and GSE72540 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CSU skin lesion samples and healthy controls, four kinds of analyses were performed, namely functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, co-expression and drug-gene interaction prediction analysis, and immune and stromal cells deconvolution analyses.
Results

92 up-regulated genes and 7 down-regulated genes were selected for subsequent analyses. Through the enrichment analysis of the core modules, three signal pathways were found to be closely related to the occurrence and development of CSU, including TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Referring to protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and GeneCards database, we identified four key genes, IL6, TLR4, ICAM1, and PTGS2. In addition, according to the results of immune infiltration analysis, CSU tissue generally contained a higher proportion of dendritic cells, Th2 cells, mast cells, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor, preadipocytes, and macrophages M1.
Conclusions

To conclude, the key genes and pathways identified from CSU lesions and normal controls along with the immune infiltration profile may provide new insights into the development of CSU.
Kaempferol Protects Mice from D-GalN/LPS-induced Acute Liver Failure by Regulating the Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Tian Yuan , Ren Feng , Xu Ling , Li Weihua , Liu Mei , Hu Jianhua , Zhang Xiangying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound present in many edible plants, has been used in traditional medicine and has various biological functions. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a lethal clinical syndrome with severe liver function damage. There are currently no effective treatments for ALF except for liver transplantation. The aim of this study is to explored the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of kaempferol in ALF.
Methods

The ALF mouse model was established using D-galactosamine (D-GalN, 700 mg/kg)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/kg). Two hours before the administration of D-GalN/LPS, different group of mice were pretreated according different doses of kaempferol, 6 hours after injection of D-GalN/LPS, and then killed. The survival rate, liver function and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed. It was determined whether kaempferol pretreatment protected hepatocytes from ALF induced by D-GalN/LPS via autophagy pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Results

Pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol significantly decreased the survival rate and increased severe liver damage; however, pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol showed the opposite effect. Furthermore, pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol augment the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and markers of the MAPK signaling pathway, while pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol showed the opposite effect. In addition, pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol decreased autophagy, but pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol increased autophagy in vivo and in vitro. It was also proved that pretreatment with 3-methyadenine (3- MA) or Atg7 siRNA to inhibit autophagy partially negated the hepatoprotective effect of kaempferol (5 mg/kg) pretreatment in ALF mice induced by D-GalN/LPS.
Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that effects of different doses of kaempferol on D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF is remarkably different by regulating the autophagy pathway. Therefore, we should consider selecting the optimal dose of kaempferol as a potential treatment method for patients with ALF.
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation Combined with Exercise Training on Glycemic Control and Bone Health in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Xiaomin , Zhou Sirui , Dong Mengyue , Xiao Wenjuan , He Xin , Ma Yan , Gou Bo , Xu Jing , Cao Zhenbo , Zeng Lingxia , Wang Youfa , Cui Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aims This study aimed to examine the effect of a 12-week vitamin D supplementation and exercise training alone and in combination on glycemic control and bone health in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsSixty-one type 2 diabetes patients (age, 33–65 years; 72.0% men) with non-insulin dependence were randomized into the 12-week vitamin D group (1000 IU/day), exercise group (60%–80% of maximal heart rate, 1 h/time, 2–3 times/week), vitamin D combined with exercise group, and control group. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used to estimate glycemic control. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to examine bone health (bone mass content and bone mass density) and body fat percentage (%).Results During the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, lower glucose and higher insulin levels were found in the vitamin D combined with exercise group, vitamin D group, and exercise group after intervention than before intervention, although the differences were not statistically significant. A significant exercise and vitamin D interaction for the insulinogenic index (P = 0.032) and a borderline interaction for the glucose disposition index (P = 0.051) were observed, while no further independent effect was observed. Compared with non-vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D supplementation significantly alleviated the loss of total bone mass content (95% CI: -29.9–19.4 vs. -74.9–-24.7), trunk bone mass content (95% CI: -24.1–19.5 vs. -56.1–-11.7), and spine bone mass density (95% CI: -0.03–0.03 vs. -0.07–-0.01).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that 12-week combined vitamin D and exercise intervention has a potentially positive effect on glycemic control, and vitamin D supplementation plays an important role in the prevention of bone loss, which was identified in the exercise alone group. Further studies are needed to elucidate the long-term effect of combined vitamin D and exercise intervention in type 2 diabetes patients.The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial System (No. ChiCTR1800015383).
Were Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections Efficacious for Angina Pectoris? A Frequentist Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Gao Guoying , Leung Siu-wai , Jia Yongliang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) for angina pectoris has never been well investigated for lacking quality assessment of evidence. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive and rigorous network meta-analysis and assess the quality of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations and Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to compare the efficacy of all TCMIs in treating angina pectoris.Methods: Following the protocol (reference: CRD42018117720), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared one TCMI with another TCMI or conventional treatments on anginal outcome measures (i.e. symptomatic improvement, electrocardiography improvement, symptomatic recovery, and electrocardiography recovery) were included. The risk of bias among included RCTs was assessed with the revised Cochrane’s risk of bias tool 2. Frequentist statistical analyses including subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression and publication bias analysis were performed. The certainty of evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach.Results: Totally, 475 RCTs including all 24 TCMIs were identified, while the quality of all but two included RCTs was poor. According to the network meta-analysis, Honghua (Safflower) injection were preferable both in improving symptoms and electrocardiography. However, significant inconsistency showed the intransitivity among indirect comparisons, results in network meta-analysis seemed thus not trustworthy. The quality of evidence was assessed as low or very low.Conclusions: The low-quality evidence reduced the confidence in the efficacious results. Current evidence hardly supports the beneficial effects of TCMIs in treating angina pectoris.
Tipping the Scales: A Theoretical Model to Describe the Opposing Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mortality
Authors: saban Mor , Myers Vicky , Luxenburng Osnat , Wilf-miron Rachel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in almost every aspect of life. The fatal consequences of the pandemic have been clearly reported, with direct and indirect effects; however, there is some evidence of a positive secondary impact, such as fewer motor accidents and reduced air pollution. Methods. We present a model to describe the opposing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, taking into account external pressures and internal resources and their relationship with resilience and health behaviors, which affect mortality risk. Individuals with lower resources and from more deprived communities are likely to be more negatively affected by the external changes occurring. Results. The COVID-19 pandemic has had both a positive and negative impact on mortality. Conclusions. Decision makers should consider ways to incorporate the positive changes which occurred as part of the exit strategy. Special emphasis should be given to populations most affected by external changes, in order to build resilience and reduce disparities.
Cursor Movement Detection in Brain-Computer-Interface Systems Using the Hybrid K-Means Clustering Method and LSVM
Authors: Mohammadi Leila , einalou zahra , Hosseinzadeh Hamidreza , Dadgostar Mehrdad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, we present the detection of the up- and downward as well as the right- and leftward motion of cursor based on feature extraction. Feature Extraction and selection for finding the proper classifier among the data mining methods are of great importance. In the proposed method, the hybrid K-means clustering algorithm and the linear support vector machine (LSVM) classifier have been used for extracting the important features and detecting the cursor motion. In this algorithm, the K-means clustering method is used to recognize the available hidden patterns in each of the four modes (up, down, left, and right). The identification of these patterns can raise the accuracy of classification. The membership degree of each feature vector in the proposed new patterns is considered as a new feature vector corresponding to the previous feature vector and then, the cursor motion is detected using the linear SVM classifier. The database of the Karadeniz Technical University of Turkey has been used in the present article. Applying the proposed method for data based on the hold-up cross validation causes the accuracy of the classifier in the up- and downward and left- and rightward movements in each person to increase by 2–10%.
Targeting the multidrug efflux pump; Tap protein to reduce survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Dwivedi Manish , Mukhopadhyay Sutanu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious communicative disease caused by a bacterium named Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Albeit there are vaccines and drugs available to treat the disease, Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is still one of the most critical challenges for the investigators where the development of efflux systems makes them resistant to drugs. Tap is a multidrug efflux pump and proposed to have a significant role in the survival of M. tuberculosis making it drug-resistant. In the present study, we have utilized various In silico approaches to predict the applicability of FDA approved ion channel inhibitors and blockers as therapeutic leads against Tuberculosis. We have analysed 18 inhibitor compounds and eventually screened three ligands as drugs, Glibenclimide, Lubiprostone and Flecainde that have displayed the novel stable binding with Tap protein aiming to affect or inhibit its activity. Structure of Tap protein is predicted by Phyre2 server followed by its characterization by 10ns MD simulations using the CABS-flex 2.0 server and validation by Ramachandran plot. PyRx software presented the binding affinity varied in the range of -8.00 kcal/mol to -9.8 kcal/mol, implies that the drug molecules can spontaneously interact with the target protein. Amongst them, Glibenclimide shows the highest binding affinity with ΔG of -9.8 kcal/mol. This study proposed Tap protein as an interesting drug target and investigated drugs may show considerable effects on the target protein showing a novel therapeutic lead against Tuberculosis.
Indonesian adolescents’ perspectives on smoking habits: a qualitative study
Authors: Fithria Fithria , Adlim Muhammad , Jannah Syarifah Rauzatul , Tahlil Teuku 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of smoking among adolescents is high in Indonesia. Therefore, this qualitative research aimed to explore the perspectives of Muslim adolescents on smoking habits as a reference for developing effective prevention programs.Methods: Three focus group discussions involving 24 junior high school male students (mean age=13.75 years) were the main source of data for this phenomenological qualitative study. The discussion guide was developed by the researchers based on the reviewed literature and validated by experts. The research findings were analyzed using an inductive content analysis with systematic steps based on the stages of qualitative data analysis.Results: Adolescent perspectives on smoking were grouped into two themes: perception of smoking and smoking-related factors. The perception of smoking encompassed three sub-themes: smoking as a social habit, contradictive feelings, and the Islamic perspective. The smoking-related factors included peer pressure, the parents’ smoking status, masculinity and curiosity. The results indicated that adolescents consider smoking as a social habit but with contradictory feelings. The smoking habit was also stimulated by peer pressure, imitating parents who smoke, feeling masculine and curiosity.Conclusion:. We suggest that health professionals who are interested in developing smoking prevention programs in Indonesia should consider the adolescent perspective on smoking so that the prevention program will be more effective and appropriate for adolescents.
­­The effects of clinical decision support system for prescribing medication on patient outcomes and physician practice performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moghadam Sharare Taheri , Sadoughi Farahnaz , Velayati Farnia , Ehsanzadeh Seyedjafar , Poursharif Shayan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) for Prescribing are one of the innovations designed to improve physician practice performance and patient outcomes by reducing prescription errors. This study was therefore conducted to examine the effects of various CDSSs on physician practice performance and patient outcomes.Methods: This systematic review was carried out by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from 2005 to 2019. The studies were independently reviewed by two researchers. Any discrepancies in the eligibility of the studies between the two researchers were then resolved by consulting the third researcher. In the next step, we performed a meta-analysis based on medication subgroups, CDSS-type subgroups, and outcome categories. Also, we provided the narrative style of the findings. In the meantime, we used a random-effects model to estimate the effects of CDSS on patient outcomes and physician practice performance with a 95% confidence interval. Q statistics and I2 were then used to calculate heterogeneity.Results: On the basis of the inclusion criteria, 45 studies were qualified for analysis in this study. CDSS for prescription drugs/COPE has been used for various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, AIDS, appendicitis, kidney disease, malaria, high blood potassium, and mental diseases. In the meantime, other cases such as concurrent prescribing of multiple medications for patients and their effects on the above-mentioned results have been analyzed. The study shows that in some cases the use of CDSS has beneficial effects on patient outcomes and physician practice performance (std diff in means = 0.084, 95% CI: 0.067 to 0.102). It was also statistically significant for outcome categories such as those demonstrating better results for physician practice performance and patient outcomes or both. However, there was no significant difference between some other cases and traditional approaches. We assume that this may be due to the disease type, the quantity, and the type of CDSS criteria that affected the comparison. Overall, the results of this study show positive effects on performance for all forms of CDSSs. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the positive effects of the CDSS can be due to factors such as user-friendliness, compliance with clinical guidelines, patient and physician cooperation, integration of electronic health records, CDSS, and pharmaceutical systems, consideration of the views of physicians in assessing the importance of CDSS alerts, and the real-time alerts in the prescription.