bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart responsive organic microlasers with multiple emission states for high-security optical encryption
Authors: Gao Zhenhua , Wang Kang , Yan Yongli , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Modern high-security cryptography and optical communication call for covert bit sequences with high coding capacity and efficient authentication. Stimuli-responsive lasing emissions with easily distinguishable readout are promising in the coding field as a novel cryptographic primitive, while the application is frequently restricted by the limited number of emission states. Here, we report a strategy of achieving multiple competitive lasing signals in responsive organic microspheres where a donor–acceptor pair was introduced. The competitive lasing from the donor and acceptor was reversibly switched by modulating the competition between the radiative rate of the donor and the rate of energy transfer, and the generated multiple lasing signals enabled a quaternary coding for recognizable cryptographic implementation. Data encryption and extraction were demonstrated using a 4 × 4 microlaser array, showing vast prospects in avoiding the disclosure of security information. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of excited-state dynamics in organic composite materials, which may play a major role in high-security optical recording and information encryption.
Discovery of recombining plasma associated with the candidate supernova remnant G189.6+3.3 with Suzaku
Authors: Yamauchi Shigeo , Oya Moe , Nobukawa Kumiko K , Pannuti Thomas G 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present the results of an X-ray spectral analysis of the northeast region of the candidate supernova remnant G189.6+3.3 with Suzaku. K-shell lines from highly ionized Ne, Mg, Si, and S were detected in the spectrum for the first time. In addition, a radiative recombining continuum (RRC) from He-like Si was clearly seen near 2.5 keV. This detection of an RRC reveals for the first time that G189.6+3.3 possesses an X-ray-emitting recombining plasma (RP). The extracted X-ray spectrum in the 0.6–10.0 keV energy band is well fitted with a model consisting of a collisional ionization equilibrium plasma component (associated with the interstellar medium) and an RP component (associated with the ejecta). The spectral feature shows that G189.6+3.3 is most likely to be a middle-aged SNR with an RP.
Factors associated with sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly
Authors: de Oliveira Neto Leônidas , de Oliveira Larissa Praça , Agrícola Pedro Moraes Dutra , de Oliveira Tavares Vagner Deuel , Gomes Igor Conterato , Sales Márcia Cristina , Lima Kenio Costa 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
The diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on the analysis of strength, functionality and muscle mass. The objective was to verify the factors associated with sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly.

Methods
In total, 219 elderly individuals (≥60 years old) living in long-term institutions in Natal/RN were included in the study. After defining the elderly as sarcopenic or non-sarcopenic, anthropometric, biochemical, sociodemographic and health-related were analyzed. The Student t-test and Mann–Whitney test were used to analyze the quantitative, while the chi-square test was used for the qualitative variables. Finally, Poisson regression was used to provide prevalence ratios for those variables that presented differences in the bivariate analyses.

Results
Physical capacity and anthropometry were associated with sarcopenia. For each 1 cm of knee height, the elderly presented 2.71% more chance of not having sarcopenia, and eutrophic or overweight individuals (according to BMI) presented 37.71 and 91.81% chances, respectively, of not presenting sarcopenia. Elderly individuals who ambulate have a 30.08% chance of not being considered sarcopenic. In addition, biochemical and anthropometric indicators demonstrated a relationship of sarcopenia with malnutrition.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia is associated with a loss of body mass, not only selective muscle mass, and greater physical inability to ambulate.
Association of Intrapartum Risk Factors and Infant Clinical Indicators with Culture Confirmed Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Secondary Care Rural Hospital in India
Authors: Gandra Sumanth , Ranga Shravan K , Hendrixson D Taylor , Nayakanti Raghuprakash R , Newland Jason G , Alvarez-Uria Gerardo , Jinka Dasaratha R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine the association of intrapartum risk factors and infant clinical indicators using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria with culture-positive early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) from a rural secondary healthcare facility where intrapartum prophylactic antibiotics are routinely administered to high-risk mothers.

Methods
A single-center prospective observational study was conducted between July 2017 and September 2018. All intramural neonates with at least one NICE criteria at less than 72 h of life, were included. Univariate logistic regression and multivariable logistic backward elimination analyses were conducted to investigate individual risk factors and predictive models for culture proven EONS.

Results
Of 236 newborns who were at risk for EONS by NICE criteria, 32 (13.8%) had positive blood cultures. Klebsiella species (n = 13, 39.4%) and Acinetobacter species (n = 11, 33.3%) were the most common isolated bacteria. In univariate analysis, the number of infant clinical indicators were associated with culture positive EONS (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.01–1.81), but not the number of intrapartum risk factors (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.4–1.29). The multivariate logistic regression with backward elimination procedure suggested that a model including absolute neutrophil count [adjusted OR (aOR) 0.81; 95% CI 0.72–0.92], C-reactive protein (aOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.43) and the number of clinical indicators (aOR 1.29; 95% CI 0.93–1.80) could be useful to predict culture positive EONS in our setting.

Conclusion
In this maternal and neonatal cohort, infant clinical indicators rather than intrapartum risk factors were associated with culture confirmed EONS.
Computer-aided Discovery of a New Nav1.7 Inhibitor for Treatment of Pain and Itch
Authors: Chandra Sharat , Wang Zilong , Tao Xueshu , Chen Ouyang , Luo Xin , Ji Ru-Rong , Bortsov Andrey V. 
Published: July 2020

Background
Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 has been validated as a perspective target for selective inhibitors with analgesic and anti-itch activity. The objective of this study was to discover new candidate compounds with Nav1.7 inhibitor properties. The authors hypothesized that their approach would yield at least one new compound that inhibits sodium currents in vitro and exerts analgesic and anti-itch effects in mice.

Methods

In silico structure-based similarity search of 1.5 million compounds followed by docking to the Nav1.7 voltage sensor of Domain 4 and molecular dynamics simulation was performed. Patch clamp experiments in Nav1.7-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in mouse and human dorsal root ganglion neurons were conducted to test sodium current inhibition. Formalin-induced inflammatory pain model, paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model, histamine-induced itch model, and mouse lymphoma model of chronic itch were used to confirm in vivo activity of the selected compound.

Results
After in silico screening, nine compounds were selected for experimental assessment in vitro. Of those, four compounds inhibited sodium currents in Nav1.7-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells by 29% or greater (P < 0.05). Compound 9 (3-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)propanamide, referred to as DA-0218) reduced sodium current by 80% with a 50% inhibition concentration of 0.74 μM (95% CI, 0.35 to 1.56 μM), but had no effects on Nav1.5-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells. In mouse and human dorsal root ganglion neurons, DA-0218 reduced sodium currents by 17% (95% CI, 6 to 28%) and 22% (95% CI, 9 to 35%), respectively. The inhibition was greatly potentiated in paclitaxel-treated mouse neurons. Intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of the compound reduced formalin-induced phase II inflammatory pain behavior in mice by 76% (95% CI, 48 to 100%) and 80% (95% CI, 68 to 92%), respectively. Intrathecal administration of DA-0218 produced acute reduction in paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia, and inhibited histamine-induced acute itch and lymphoma-induced chronic itch.

Conclusions
This study’s computer-aided drug discovery approach yielded a new Nav1.7 inhibitor that shows analgesic and anti-pruritic activity in mouse models.

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Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Preoperative Screening Strategies for Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients Undergoing Elective Inpatient Surgery
Authors: Sankar Ashwin , Dixon Peter R. , Sivanathan Lavarnan , Memtsoudis Stavros G. , de Almeida John R. , Singh Mandeep 
Published: July 2020

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea is underdiagnosed in surgical patients. The cost-effectiveness of obstructive sleep apnea screening is unknown. This study’s objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of preoperative obstructive sleep apnea screening (1) perioperatively and (2) including patients’ remaining lifespans.

Methods
An individual-level Markov model was constructed to simulate the perioperative period and lifespan of patients undergoing inpatient elective surgery. Costs (2016 Canadian dollars) were calculated from the hospital perspective in a single-payer health system. Remaining model parameters were derived from a structured literature search. Candidate strategies included: (1) no screening; (2) STOP-Bang questionnaire alone; (3) STOP-Bang followed by polysomnography (STOP-Bang + polysomnography); and (4) STOP-Bang followed by portable monitor (STOP-Bang + portable monitor). Screen-positive patients (based on STOP-Bang cutoff of at least 3) received postoperative treatment modifications and expedited definitive testing. Effectiveness was expressed as quality-adjusted life month in the perioperative analyses and quality-adjusted life years in the lifetime analyses. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

Results
In perioperative and lifetime analyses, no screening was least costly and least effective. STOP-Bang + polysomnography was the most effective strategy and was more cost-effective than both STOP-Bang + portable monitor and STOP-Bang alone in both analyses. In perioperative analyses, STOP-Bang + polysomnography was not cost-effective compared to no screening at the $4,167/quality-adjusted life month threshold (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio $52,888/quality-adjusted life month). No screening was favored in more than 90% of iterations in probabilistic sensitivity analyses. In contrast, in lifetime analyses, STOP-Bang + polysomnography was favored compared to no screening at the $50,000/quality-adjusted life year threshold (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio $2,044/quality-adjusted life year). STOP-Bang + polysomnography was favored in most iterations at thresholds above $2,000/quality-adjusted life year in probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
The cost-effectiveness of preoperative obstructive sleep apnea screening differs depending on time horizon. Preoperative screening with STOP-Bang followed by immediate confirmatory testing with polysomnography is cost-effective on the lifetime horizon but not the perioperative horizon. The integration of preoperative screening based on STOP-Bang and polysomnography is a cost-effective means of mitigating the long-term disease burden of obstructive sleep apnea.

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Adjuvant Analgesic Use in the Critically Ill: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wheeler Kathleen E. , Grilli Ryan , Centofanti John E. , Martin Janet , Gelinas Celine , Szumita Paul M. , Devlin John W. , Chanques Gerald , Alhazzani Waleed , Skrobik Yoanna , Kho Michelle E. , Nunnally Mark E. , Gagarine Andre , Ergan Begum A. , Fernando Shannon , Price Carrie , Lewin John , Rochwerg Bram 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
This systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the efficacy and safety of nonopioid adjunctive analgesics for patients in the ICU.

Data Sources:
We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science.

Study Selection:
Two independent reviewers screened citations. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials comparing efficacy and safety of an adjuvant-plus-opioid regimen to opioids alone in adult ICU patients.

Data Extraction:
We conducted duplicate screening of citations and data abstraction.

Data Synthesis:
Of 10,949 initial citations, we identified 34 eligible trials. These trials examined acetaminophen, carbamazepine, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, gabapentin, ketamine, magnesium sulfate, nefopam, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (including diclofenac, indomethacin, and ketoprofen), pregabalin, and tramadol as adjunctive analgesics. Use of any adjuvant in addition to an opioid as compared to an opioid alone led to reductions in patient-reported pain scores at 24 hours (standard mean difference, –0.88; 95% CI, –1.29 to –0.47; low certainty) and decreased opioid consumption (in oral morphine equivalents over 24 hr; mean difference, 25.89 mg less; 95% CI, 19.97–31.81 mg less; low certainty). In terms of individual medications, reductions in opioid use were demonstrated with acetaminophen (mean difference, 36.17 mg less; 95% CI, 7.86–64.47 mg less; low certainty), carbamazepine (mean difference, 54.69 mg less; 95% CI, 40.39–to 68.99 mg less; moderate certainty), dexmedetomidine (mean difference, 10.21 mg less; 95% CI, 1.06–19.37 mg less; low certainty), ketamine (mean difference, 36.81 mg less; 95% CI, 27.32–46.30 mg less; low certainty), nefopam (mean difference, 70.89 mg less; 95% CI, 64.46–77.32 mg less; low certainty), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (mean difference, 11.07 mg less; 95% CI, 2.7–19.44 mg less; low certainty), and tramadol (mean difference, 22.14 mg less; 95% CI, 6.67–37.61 mg less; moderate certainty).

Conclusions:
Clinicians should consider using adjunct agents to limit opioid exposure and improve pain scores in critically ill patients.
Study on a Continuous Measurement Method for Unattached Radon Progeny
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Kang Xi , Wang Libing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A method that does not require changing wire screens is proposed to achieve continuous measurement of unattached radon progeny. This method uses cumulative activity functions to deduct the influence of previous measurements from the current measurements on the sampling wire screen. The continuous measurement method was compared with a single measurement method, including relative deviations, uncertainties, and fluctuation range, which indicated the effectiveness of the cumulative activity functions applied to the continuous measurement method. The establishment of a continuous measurement method based on alpha spectroscopy provides technical support for the monitoring device.
Randomized Control Trial on the Effectiveness of Collagen Cross-linking on Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Choy Bonnie Nga Kwan , Ng Alex Lap Ki , Zhu Ming Ming , Liu Catherine Chunling , Xu Sheng , Lai Jimmy Shiu Ming 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the long-term effect and safety of collagen cross-linking (CXL) on patients with bullous keratopathy (BK) in a randomized control manner. It is, to our knowledge, the first randomized control study on the effect of CXL on BK.

Methods:
Subjects were randomized to receive CXL as in the standard protocol for treating keratoconus or a placebo treatment. Subjects were assessed at baseline and up to 12 months after treatment. Primary outcomes were central corneal thickness (CCT) and pain scores.

Results:
Forty-two patients with BK participated in the study treatment, 26 subjects were randomized to the CXL group and 16 subjects to the control group. The reduction of CCT in the CXL group was 37.6 and 63.8 μm at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control group. However, there was no statistical difference in CCT reduction between the 2 groups at 12 weeks and after. There were no consistent advantages in pain score, corneal clarity, and visual acuity over the controls throughout the 1-year follow-up. However, CXL was associated with more recurrent epithelial defect (12%), and 2 of the 3 subjects with epithelial defect required amniotic membrane transplant.

Conclusions:
CXL reduced corneal thickness in the patients with BK, at least for the initial period. However, there were no improvement in pain, corneal clarity, and vision that were of more clinical relevance to the patients. Its short-term benefit was unlikely to outweigh its potential risk of recurrent epithelial defect.
Help-Seeking Behavior of Returning to Work in Healthcare Workers and its Influencing Factors During COVID-19 Subsiding
Authors: Lai Ruying , Tan Li , Lai Xiaoquan , Zhang Xinping , Zhou Qian 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To explore the level and influencing factors of help-seeking behavior of returning to work in healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods:
A total of 861 HCWs were surveyed. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the influencing factors of help-seeking behavior.

Results:
HCWs sought help with respect to COVID-19-diagnosized problem most. Help-seeking intention, problems encountered after return, test for return, work condition during COVID-19, relatives or friends diagnosed or suspected as COVID-19, and socio-demographic characteristics such as occupation, education, title, and marriage status are predictors of help-seeking behavior.

Conclusions:
Education and intervention should lay particular stress on HCWs featured rest at home before return, doctor, lower education and lower title to ensure the safety, accuracy, and quality of work after they return to work for a better occupational environment.
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease development in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: incidence and associated risk factors, a meta-analysis
Authors: Xia Yangchao , Qin Heping , Yang Jiao 
Published: July 2020

Background
Now there are no efficient prophylactic or treatment strategies for hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Therefore, it is critical to early identify patients at high risk of VOD.

Aim
To analyze the risk factors of VOD in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients.

Methods
A comprehensive search of the population was conducted.

Results
Twenty-one studies with 27 679 HSCT patients were eligible. The incidence of VOD was 15% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13–17%]. The following were the risk factors for VOD: mismatched HLA [odds ratio (OR) 2.34, 95% CI 1.20–4.57, P = 0.01], history of liver disease (OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.03–3.64, P < 0.00001), elevated AST before transplant (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.49–4.15, P = 0.0005), months from diagnosis to HSCT > 12 months (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.15–2.69, P = 0.009), previous radiation (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.49–2.31, P < 0.00001), busulphan (OR 3.69, 95% CI 2.58–5.29, P < 0.00001) and MTX (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.22–2.69, P = 0.003). There were no significant differences for VOD presentation in the patients with regards to sex, number of HSCT, Karnofsky score <90%, unrelated donor, autologous HSCT, CYA and heparin prophylaxis.

Conclusion
Mismatched HLA, liver disease (history of liver disease, elevated AST), months from diagnosis to HSCT >12 months, previous radiation and use of hepatotoxic drugs (BU and MTX) are the independent risk factors for VOD in the HSCT patients.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring‐guided High‐dose Infliximab for Infantile‐onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Assa Amit , Dorfman Lev , Shouval Dror S. , Shamir Raanan , Cohen Shlomi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTVery early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and specifically infantile‐onset IBD patients, are characterized by high rates of extensive colonic involvement and decreased response rate to standard therapeutic regimens, including infliximab (IFX). We present a case series of 4 patients with infantile‐onset IBD achieving clinical and biologic remission, after treatment with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)‐guided accelerated high‐dose IFX therapy. All patients were treated with accelerated high‐dose IFX induction of up to 22 mg/kg. In 3 of these patients, accelerated high‐dose IFX was used following failure of intensified standard dose induction. All patients achieved remission following re‐induction.We suggest that children with infantile‐onset IBD may require a TDM‐guided accelerated high‐dose IFX induction and maintenance treatment in order to achieve and maintain remission. Personalized approach in these patients is essential in order to prevent underdosing and to avoid inappropriate interpretation of treatment failure.
Beyond personal protective equipment: adjunctive methods for control of healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections
Authors: Most Zachary M. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Prevention of nosocomial transmission of respiratory viruses is a priority in all healthcare settings and often achieved with the use of personal protective equipment. Several adjunctive infection prevention methods are in common use but their effectiveness in reducing healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections is unclear. In this review, recent advances regarding the effectiveness of several adjunctive infection prevention methods to reduce healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections are discussed.

Recent findings
Training and education on hand hygiene guidelines, mandatory influenza vaccination for healthcare personnel, access to paid sick leave to reduce ill presenteeism, cohorting of patients with the same infection or clinical syndrome, neuraminidase inhibitor chemoprophylaxis during influenza outbreaks, and enhanced visitor restrictions in pediatric hospitals all have shown some degree of effectiveness in observational or quasi-experimental studies.

Summary
Most of the studies evaluating the effect of adjunctive infection prevention methods on healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections are observational or quasi-experimental and are often combined with other interventions. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the precise effectiveness or efficacy of these interventions and more controlled trials are needed. Multimodal infection prevention policies are likely to be most effective in reducing healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections.