bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptación del Índice de Gini a investigaciones sociológicas sobre la educación
Authors: Hernàndez i Dobon Francesc Jesús , Castelo Branco Uyguaciara Veloso , Nakamura Paulo Hideo 
Published: January 2020

El artículo propone una adaptación del Índice (o Coeficiente) de Gini, habitual para medir la desigualdad en la economía y otras ciencias, a investigaciones sociológicas de la educación. Explica detalladamente el funcionamiento del índice, su mecánica de cálculo, y sus ventajas y expone tres cálculos, con diferentes procedimientos de cálculo, aplicados al ámbito educativo: uno relativo a la inversión pública en educación superior, otro referente a los ajustes de las trayectorias universitarias y el último relacionado con las competencias lingüísticas.
The Influence of Papaya Leaf Extract to Anthracnose Disease in Papaya Fruit
Authors: . Sudiono , . Efri , Asep Awaludin Muhammad 
Published: January 2020

Aims: The objective of this research was to find out the influence of papaya leaf extract to the in-vitro growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and in-vivo anthracnose disease occurrence at papaya fruit.
Methodology: This research used completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Obtained data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and mean scores were compared and tested with least significance difference (LSD) at 5% and polynomial test at 5%.
Results: The research result showed the significant influence of papaya leaf extract and synthetic fungicide in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides colony and the disease occurrence at papaya fruit. The polynomial test result of papaya leaf extract showed linier pattern of C. Gloeosporioides colony diameter and disease course progression.
Conclusion: The papaya leaf extract inhibited C. Gloeosporioides colony growth at 2 up to 7 days after inoculation, but it did not inhibit spore germination and its density. The papaya leaf extract also inhibit the disease occurrence at 5 and 6 days after application.
Evaluation of Indigenous Knowledge and Fuel Value Index of Some Selected Sudano-Sahelian Fuelwood Species in Damaturu, Yobe State of Nigeria
Authors: Dadile A. M. , Sotannde O. A. 
Published: January 2020

Fuelwood utilization in the sudano- sahelian region requires massive felling of tree species which in turn resulted to deforestation and sand dunce couple with scarce vegetation in the region. Moreover, fuelwood is not only used for domestic and commercial purposes but for livelihood sustenance. This increases the demand and intensity for fuelwood through indiscriminate felling of trees species for energy use, with a trend that does not appear to have the possibility of meeting the increasing demand in the future. The study aimed to evaluate the indigenous knowledge and fuel value index (FVI) of ten selected sudano-sahelian fuelwood species and the results revealed a significant relationship between the indigenous knowledge and Fuel value index (FVI) of the ten selected fuelwood species. Higher FVI of 13.56MJ/m3 % 2 was obtained in A. leiocarpus followed by 6.61 MJ/m3 % 2 and 6.53MJ/m3 % 2 obtained in B. aegyptiaca and C. arereh meanwhile, lower energy fuelwood ranged from 0.11MJ/m3% 2 obtained in C. lamprocarpum. to 0 85MJ/m3% 2, in S. birrea respectively. Meanwhile, A. leiocarpus, C. arereh, C. molle, and B. aegyptiaca were the most preferred and possessed good fuel quality. The indigenous knowledge might not be solely based on their fuel properties but availability and other possible reasons. Therefore, those fuelwood species identified with higher energy value can be incorporated in to fuelwood plantation establishment programs and those with lower energy value fuelwood should be allowed for environmental restoration and amelioration.
Room‐Temperature Partial Conversion of α‐FAPbI3Perovskite Phase via PbI2Solvation Enables High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Barrit Dounya , Cheng Peirui , Darabi Kasra , Tang Ming‐Chun , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Zhao Kui , Amassian Aram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe two‐step conversion process consisting of metal halide deposition followed by conversion to hybrid perovskite has been successfully applied toward producing high‐quality solar cells of the archetypal MAPbI3hybrid perovskite, but the conversion of other halide perovskites, such as the lower bandgap FAPbI3, is more challenging and tends to be hampered by the formation of hexagonal nonperovskite polymorph of FAPbI3, requiring Cs addition and/or extensive thermal annealing. Here, an efficient room‐temperature conversion route of PbI2into the α‐FAPbI3perovskite phase without the use of cesium is demonstrated. Using in situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), the conversion behaviors of the PbI2precursor from its different states are compared. α‐FAPbI3forms spontaneously and efficiently at room temperature from P2(ordered solvated polymorphs with DMF) without hexagonal phase formation and leads to complete conversion after thermal annealing. The average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the fabricated solar cells is greatly improved from 16.0(±0.32)% (conversion from annealed PbI2) to 17.23(±0.28)% (from solvated PbI2) with a champion device PCE > 18% due to reduction of carrier recombination rate. This work provides new design rules toward the room‐temperature phase transformation and processing of hybrid perovskite films based on FA+cation without the need for Cs+or mixed halide formulation.
Spontaneous Alignment of Graphene Oxide in Hydrogel during 3D Printing for Multistimuli‐Responsive Actuation
Authors: Zhang Mingchao , Wang Yiliang , Jian Muqiang , Wang Chunya , Liang Xiaoping , Niu Jiali , Zhang Yingying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNatural materials are often compositionally and structurally heterogeneous for realizing particular functions. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed hybrid materials that possess properties beyond each of the components. Particularly, it remains a great challenge to realize site‐specific anisotropy, which widely exists in natural materials and is responsible for unique mechanical properties as well as physiological behaviors. Herein, the spontaneous formation of aligned graphene oxide (GO) flakes in sodium alginate (SA) matrix with locally controlled orientation via a direct‐ink‐writing printing process is reported. The GO flakes are spontaneously aligned in the SA matrix by shear force when being extruded and then arranged horizontally after drying on the substrate, forming a brick‐and‐mortar structure that could anisotropically contract or expand upon activation by heat, light, or water. By designing the printing pathways directed by finite element analysis, the orientation of GO flakes in the composite is locally controlled, which could further guide the composite to transform into versatile architectures. Particularly, the transformation is reversible when water vapor is applied as one of the stimuli. As a proof of concept, complex morphing architectures are experimentally demonstrated, which are in good consistency with the simulation results.
Passivating Surface Defects of n‐SnO2 Electron Transporting Layer by InP/ZnS Quantum Dots: Toward Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Peng Ruixiang , Yan Tingting , Chen Junwei , Yang Shangfeng , Ge Ziyi , Wang Mingtai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractN‐type tin oxide (n‐SnO2) nanoparticle film has shown great potential as an electron transport layer (ETL) in fabricating highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) due to its low‐temperature preparation and high electrical conductivity. However, surface defects on the n‐SnO2 nanoparticles generated by the solution‐processed approach seriously limit the performance of the OSCs with n‐SnO2 ETL. InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are employed to passivate the surface defects of n‐SnO2 ETL, and an inverted OSC using PM6:Y6 as active layer achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.22%, much higher than that of a device based on pure n‐SnO2 ETL (13.86%). The synergistic enhancement of the device open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) is attributed to the improved morphologies of PM6:Y6 layer on the QDs/ETL, increased charge extraction and collection efficiency, and decreased monomolecular recombination caused by the defect‐trapped charge carriers in the solar cell. Moreover, the inverted device with n‐SnO2/InP/ZnS QDs ETL show a much higher stability than that of the conventional PEDOT:PSS based one. This work presents a promising QDs passivation strategy on n‐SnO2 ETL to develop efficient and stable OSCs.
Membrane‐Free Zn/MnO2 Flow Battery for Large‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Li Guodong , Chen Wei , Zhang Hao , Gong Yongji , Shi Feifei , Wang Jiangyan , Zhang Rufan , Chen Guangxu , Jin Yang , Wu Tong , Tang Zhiyong , Cui Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe traditional Zn/MnO2 battery has attracted great interest due to its low cost, high safety, high output voltage, and environmental friendliness. However, it remains a big challenge to achieve long‐term stability, mainly owing to the poor reversibility of the cathode reaction. Different from previous studies where the cathode redox reaction of MnO2/MnOOH is in solid state with limited reversibility, here a new aqueous rechargeable Zn/MnO2 flow battery is constructed with dissolution–precipitation reactions in both cathodes (Mn2+/MnO2) and anodes (Zn2+/Zn), which allow mixing of anolyte and catholyte into only one electrolyte and remove the requirement for an ion selective membrane for cost reduction. Impressively, this new battery exhibits a high discharge voltage of ≈1.78 V, good rate capability (10C discharge), and excellent cycling stability (1000 cycles without decay) at the areal capacity ranging from 0.5 to 2 mAh cm‐2. More importantly, this battery can be readily enlarged to a bench scale flow cell of 1.2 Ah with good capacity retention of 89.7% at the 500th cycle, displaying great potential for large‐scale energy storage.
Progress in the treatment of gastric cancer in Japan over the last 50 years
Authors: Sasako Mitsuru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere have been remarkable changes in gastric cancer treatments in Japan, resulting in superb improvement of prognosis in patients with this disease. In this paper, the last 50 years have been divided into three eras: before 1990; the 1990s; and the era of evidence, which means after 2000. Changes of treatments and prognosis were analyzed by several factors, such as surgery, chemotherapy, informed consent, clinical trials, and others, as improvement of prognosis is not due to one factor but several ones influencing each other.
Nuclear‐encoded sigma factor 6 (SIG6) is involved in the block of greening response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Alameldin Hussien F. , Oh Sookyung , Hernandez Alexandra P. , Montgomery Beronda L. 
Published: January 2020

PremiseLight is critical in the ability of plants to accumulate chlorophyll. When exposed to far‐red (FR) light and then grown in white light in the absence of sucrose, wild‐type seedlings fail to green in a response known as the FR block of greening (BOG). This response is controlled by phytochrome A through repression of protochlorophyllide reductase‐encoding (POR) genes by FR light coupled with irreversible plastid damage. Sigma (SIG) factors are nuclear‐encoded proteins that contribute to plant greening and plastid development through regulating gene transcription in chloroplasts and impacting retrograde signaling from the plastid to nucleus. SIGs are regulated by phytochromes, and the expression of some SIG factors is reduced in phytochrome mutant lines, including phyA. Given the association of phyA with the FR BOG and its regulation of SIG factors, we investigated the potential regulatory role of SIG factors in the FR BOG response.MethodsWe examined FR BOG responses in sig mutants, phytochrome‐deficient lines, and mutant lines for several phy‐associated factors. We quantified chlorophyll levels and examined expression of key BOG‐associated genes.ResultsAmong six sig mutants, only the sig6 mutant significantly accumulated chlorophyll after FR BOG treatment, similar to the phyA mutant. SIG6 appears to control protochlorophyllide accumulation by contributing to the regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis associated with glutamyl‐tRNA reductase (HEMA1) function, select phytochrome‐interacting factor genes (PIF4 and PIF6), and PENTA1, which regulates PORA mRNA translation after FR exposure.ConclusionsRegulation of SIG6 plays a significant role in plant responses to FR exposure during the BOG response.
Risk model for severe postoperative complications after total pancreatectomy based on a nationwide clinical database
Authors: Hashimoto D , Mizuma M , Kumamaru H , Miyata H , Chikamoto A , Igarashi H , Itoi T , Egawa S , Kodama Y , Satoi S , Hamada S , Mizumoto K , Yamaue H , Yamamoto M , Kakeji Y , Seto Y , Baba H , Unno M , Shimosegawa T , Okazaki K 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTotal pancreatectomy is required to completely clear tumours that are locally advanced or located in the centre of the pancreas. However, reports describing clinical outcomes after total pancreatectomy are rare. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to assess clinical outcomes following total pancreatectomy using a nationwide registry and to create a risk model for severe postoperative complications.MethodsPatients who underwent total pancreatectomy from 2013 to 2017, and who were recorded in the Japan Society of Gastroenterological Surgery and Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery database, were included. Severe complications at 30 days were defined as those with a Clavien–Dindo grade III needing reoperation, or grade IV–V. Occurrence of severe complications was modelled using data from patients treated from 2013 to 2016, and the accuracy of the model tested among patients from 2017 using c-statistics and a calibration plot.ResultsA total of 2167 patients undergoing total pancreatectomy were included. Postoperative 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates were 1·0 per cent (22 of 2167 patients) and 2·7 per cent (58 of 167) respectively, and severe complications developed in 6·0 per cent (131 of 2167). Factors showing a strong positive association with outcome in this risk model were the ASA performance status grade and combined arterial resection. In the test cohort, the c-statistic of the model was 0·70 (95 per cent c.i. 0·59 to 0·81).ConclusionThe risk model may be used to predict severe complications after total pancreatectomy.
Compensatory neuromuscular junction adaptations of forelimb muscles in focal cortical ischemia in rats
Authors: Estrada‐Bonilla Yisel Carolina , Castro de Souza‐Tomé Paula Aiello , Faturi Fernanda María , Mendes‐Zambetta Rafaella , Lepesteur‐Gianlorenço Anna Carolyna , Croti Gabrielle , Jones Theresa A. , Russo Thiago Luiz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionUpper limb movements are affected frequently by brain ischemia (BI). Mechanisms involved in recovery and compensatory movements have developed several studies. However, less attention is given to skeletal muscles, where neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has an important role on muscle tropism and functional performance.MethodsAnimals were divided into two groups: control (C) and BI. Then, animals were skilled to perform single‐pellet retrieval task, following these procedures: habituation, shaping, and single‐pellet retrieval task. BI was induced using stereotaxic surgery in order to apply endothelin‐1 in motor cortex, representative of movements of dominant paw. Reaching task performance was evaluated by single‐pellet retrieval task 1 day before BI induction, 4 and 15 days after BI induction. After that, biceps, triceps, fingers flexor, and extensor muscles were extracted. NMJ was assessed in morphometric characteristics (total area, total perimeter, and feret). Muscle fiber cross‐sectional area and connective tissue percentage were also evaluated for characterization. Student's t test was used for comparisons between C and BI groups. Tau Kendall's correlation was applied among variables from BI group.ResultsAn increase in all NMJ morphometric parameters, as well as increase of atrophy and fibrosis in BI group compared with C. There was a high level of direct correlation between mean values of NMJ morphometry with percentage of success in reaching task in BI group.ConclusionBrain ischemia‐induced NMJ compensatory expansion, muscle atrophy, and fibrosis in forelimb muscles that are related to reaching performance.
Uncommon presentation of a common disorder: Syncope with AVNRT in setting of a structural anomaly
Authors: Lee Paul Jae‐Hyuk , Varosy Paul , Sandhu Amneet 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSyncope in setting of AV nodal re‐entrant tachycardia should prompt the clinician to perform further workup for comorbid conditions, including structural cardiac abnormalities. In complex cases, ICE may be helpful in delineating the anatomy to facilitate safe ablations.
Investigating Community Dynamics and Performance During Microbial Electrochemical Degradation of Whey
Authors: Esquivel Diana Y. Alvarez , Guo Yuting , Brown Robert K. , Müller Susann , Schröder Uwe , Harnisch Falk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhey is a main by‐product of the dairy industry and is difficult to valorise for small and medium enterprises. Microbial electrochemical technologies could be the key for these enterprises to exploit this current waste product. Whey removal and conversion to electrical current was investigated at microbial anodes using potentiostatically controlled half‐cell experiments. The anodes were fed with a whey solution containing ca. 1 g L−1 COD. This can be reliably cleaned with average removal efficiencies of 65.8±10.9 %. The removal coincided with maximum current densities of 0.31±0.06 mA cm−2 and Coulomb efficiencies of 37.1±10.8 %. The anodes are based on a robust complex microbial community. This was established in bioelectrochemical reactors by end of four batch cycles showing an efficient niche differentiation from the following successive enrichments. The microbial analysis revealed a division of labour with mainly planktonic microorganisms degrading the complex whey components by fermentation to organic acids, part of which are subsequently used by the electroactive bacteria at the anode. The results show the need for deciphering microbial structure‐function relationships for future process steering as well as engineering approaches.
Boosting Microbial Fuel Cell Performance by Combining with an External Supercapacitor: An Electrochemical Study
Authors: Poli Federico , Seri Jacopo , Santoro Carlo , Soavi Francesca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Dr. Francesca Soavi (Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Materials for Energetics, Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna). The cover picture shows a microbial fuel cell connected in parallel with a supercapacitor. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201901876.
State and fault estimation for nonlinear recurrent neural network systems: Experimental testing on a three‐tank system
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Feng Xuexin , Mu Zonglei , Wang Youqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn observer is presented for the simultaneous estimation of the system state and actuator and sensor faults of a discrete recurrent neural network (RNN) system. The presented approach enables disturbance attenuation and guarantees observer convergence. First, the discrete RNN is converted to a discrete linear parameter varying (LPV) model. Then, the LPV model is further transformed into a descriptor system by extending the system state and sensor fault. Next, an
H∞ observer is presented for the simultaneous estimation of the extended state and actuator fault of the descriptor system. Finally, the problem of observer design is translated into solving a linear matrix inequality. Experimental tests on a three‐tank system have validated the effectiveness and correctness of the presented method.
Can the New Welsh Curriculum achieve its purposes?
Authors: Gatley Jane 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe New Welsh Curriculum sets itself apart from its predecessors through the use of explicit aims; these are the Four Purposes of the New Welsh Curriculum. At the same time, it sets out six Areas of Learning and Experience which incorporate traditional school subjects and emphasise the importance of providing a broad and balanced education. In this paper, I ask whether these two strands, the Four Purposes and the six Areas of Learning and Experience, can be united into a single coherent curriculum. I argue that if the curriculum is entirely driven by the Four Purposes, then much of the content associated with traditional school subjects in the Areas of Learning and Experience is redundant. On the contrary, if the Areas of Learning and Experience are prioritised, then the Four Purposes are unlikely to be met. In response, I propose that the content associated with Areas of Learning and Experience can be understood a prerequisite for meeting the Four Purposes, but the content is not sufficient on its own. This reconciles some of the tension between the two curriculum strands, but means that the Areas of Learning and Experience will need to be supplemented by additional activities in order for the New Welsh Curriculum to achieve its purposes.