bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA11: Translating the cancer genome one codon at a time and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Ruggero Davide 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our research is centered on understanding translational control of gene expression in both normal health and disease in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, with a particular focus on cancer biology. Our research combines mouse genetics with genome-wide translational profiling, in-depth molecular biology, and pharmacology to systematically define the points of regulation, in cis and trans, by which the genome is selectively decoded into proteins. We have uncovered that a common denominator of multiple oncogenic pathways is their ability to directly control the core translation machinery of a cell, resulting in the rapid rewiring of mRNA translation programs that promote distinct hallmarks of cancer development such as cell growth, metabolism, and increased motility. For example, our most recent findings delineate the in vivo requirements for a distinct threshold of the major cap-binding protein, eIF4E, a key translation factor downstream of mTOR signaling, in normal organismal development compared to that required for translating the cancer genome. We show that cancer cells require increased eIF4E activity for their survival as distinct subsets of mRNAs that regulate the cancer cell oxidative response are marked by the presence of a novel eIF4E-dependent cis-acting translational control motif present in their 5'UTRs. I will also discuss the generation of the first comprehensive systems-level analysis of the “cancer translatome” during each phase of cancer development in vivo that highlights a dichotomy in transcriptional vs. translational control of gene expression guiding key, select steps in cancer development and evolution. These studies have uncovered a previously unappreciated translation program guiding tumor cell evasion of immune checkpoints. The immediate impact of our research has been the design of a new generation of compounds to target the aberrant translation machinery in cancer cells, which are currently in clinical trials and may reflect a new frontier in cancer therapy.
Citation Format: Davide Ruggero. Translating the cancer genome one codon at a time and its therapeutic implications [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
Abstract IA12: Coordination of mRNA processing, translation, and metabolism by mTORC1
Authors: Blenis John , Lee Gina , Cho Sungyun , Zheng Yuxiang , Jang Cholsoon , Cantley Lew , Rabinowitz Joshua , Dephoure Noah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)–S6 protein kinase (S6K1) signaling pathway has evolved to sense and respond to changes in growth factor and hormone-dependent signaling, cellular energy status, nutrient availability, and surrounding oxygen concentrations. A major mechanism through which mTOR regulates downstream processes is via the coordinated regulation of gene expression, mRNA biogenesis, protein synthesis, and protein degradation. I will discuss our studies linking mTORC1/S6K1 to mRNA processing, metabolism, and cancer progression.
Citation Format: John Blenis, Gina Lee, Sungyun Cho, Yuxiang Zheng, Cholsoon Jang, Lew Cantley, Joshua Rabinowitz, Noah Dephoure. Coordination of mRNA processing, translation, and metabolism by mTORC1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
The Ricardian State: Carlos Calvo and Latin America’s Ambivalent Origin Story for the Age of Decolonization
Authors: Davis Teresa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores Latin America’s place in discussions about decolonization through the work of the Argentine international lawyer Carlos Calvo. It argues that while Calvo was an early proponent of Latin American sovereignty and a subtle critic of European empires, he worked within a framework that differed remarkably from that of post-World War II decolonization struggles. Most notably, Calvo’s defense of Latin American sovereignty was rooted in a liberal anti-imperialism which emphasized the important role of Latin American states as the bulwarks of free markets rather than the role of the state in curtailing markets in favor of national development. In the final section of this article I suggest some ways in which highlighting the history of liberal anti-imperialism might help reframe some of the conundrums present in recent histories of the more renowned era of Asian and African decolonization.
Unaccompanied Afghan Minors’ Rights when Restrictive Transnational Migration Policies are in Force – The Case of Sweden
Authors: Francia Guadalupe , Edling Silvia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article highlights how migrant childrens’ rights to, and within, education can be negotiated at the national level. The aim is to underline and discuss the discourses that appear in selected Swedish legal and political documents relating to unaccompanied Afghan minors. Drawing on critical discourse analysis (cda), this research shows the co-existence of two different discourses on unaccompanied Afghan minors. The first discourse is based on the concept of unaccompanied Afghan minors as global rights holders and considers all children without exception as having the right to receive human assistance, education and appropriate protection against violence. The second discourse relates to the concept of unaccompanied Afghan minors as foreign citizens, which counteracts the work of Swedish authorities to deal with contradictions in policies assuring the rights of migrant children. This could also be a risk when the Convention on the Rights of the Child becomes Swedish law in 2020.
The Child’s Right to Protection against Economic Exploitation in the Digital World
Authors: van der Hof Simone , Lievens E. , Milkaite I. , Verdoodt V. , Hannema T. , Liefaard T. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Children face significant consumer risks when surfing online, related to, inter alia, embedded advertisements and privacy-invasive practices, as well as the exploitation of their incredulity and inexperience resulting in overspending or online fraudulent transactions. Behind the fun and playful activities available for children online lie complex revenue models, creating value for companies by feeding children’s data into algorithms and self-learning models to profile them and offer personalised advertising or by nudging children to buy or try to win in-app items to advance in the games they play. In this article we argue that specific measures against these forms of economic exploitation of children in the digital world are urgently needed. We focus on three types of exploitative practices that may have a significant impact on the well-being and rights of children – profiling and automated decision-making, commercialisation of play, and digital child labour. For each type, we explain what the practice entails, situate the practice within the existing legislative and children’s rights framework and identify concerns in relation to those rights.
Whose Children? Protecting Unaccompanied Migrant Children in Europe: A Case of Diffused Responsibility?
Authors: Iusmen Ingi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the failure of EU and national policy interventions to protect unaccompanied migrant children’s (unaccompanied minors – uams) rights during the refugee crisis in Europe. By drawing on policy documents and empirical data, it is argued that the deficient protection of uam s’ child rights was essentially a failure of responsibility allocation in line with the “bystander effect” analytical explanation. While this argument does not disregard the role of other explanatory factors, such as the lack of European solidarity, poor legal enforcement and financial reasons, among others, it is claimed that the diffusion of responsibility (in theory and practice) between various policy systems at the national level, as well as between the EU and domestic levels, contributed to the failure to protect uam s’ child rights across Europe.
Contestation of Kosovo’s Statehood from Within: EULEX Judges Adjudicating Privatization Matters through ‘Status Neutrality’
Authors: Istrefi Kushtrim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Kosovo’s statehood has been contested by foes as well as friends. Much is known about the former and less about the latter. This contribution explores the contestation of Kosovo’s independence by the judges of the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (eulex) working on privatization matters before Kosovo courts. As put by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo (kcc), eulex judges working on privatization matters, “simply continued to ignore the existence of Kosovo as an independent State and its legislation emanating from its Assembly”. The kcc stated this after eulex judges working on privatization matters had refused to respect Kosovo laws and institutions subsequent to the 2008 Kosovo Declaration of Independence. This paper explores the judicial dialogue on Kosovo’s independence between eulex judges and the kcc and identifies the limitations and risks of the ‘status neutral’ policy applied by international organizations to collaborate with Kosovar institutions without prejudging its political status. This submission suggests that ‘status neutrality’ leads to either acceptance or contestation of Kosovo’s statehood and thus brings more uncertainty than clarity to Kosovo’s position in international relations.
語義演變、詞彙競爭與詞彙分層
Authors: 汪 鋒 
Published: December 2020

摘要
新事物出現後，語言系統常用與之密切相關的舊詞來稱代，導致舊詞的語義演變；另一種策略是直接從其他語言借來詞彙。如果一個語言系統之下的不同群體採用不同策略，最終會造成該語言系統的詞彙競爭。競爭的結果要麼是一勝一敗，要麼各自佔據不同的使用領域，帶上語體色彩（文白/雅俗）。現代漢語“茗”“茶”二詞雅俗分層使用的格局就經歷了這樣複雜的歷史過程。本文考察了二詞在漢語史上演變、競爭和分層的過程，“茶”與“茗”經過漢魏南北朝的競爭，在唐代時，“茶”取得了核心地位，且一直保持至今，而“茗”並沒有在漢語中消失，還在古雅的場合中使用，其背後的社會文化動因源自明清時期沖泡方式的改變，及由此造成的區分飲茶雅俗的需要，“茗”因此獲得了新的生命力，這可以說明語言系統具有適應社會文化的協調機制。通過這一考察，還可以澄清茶文化史上的一些問題，如：“茗”源自漢語內部，與南亞語（原始德昂語）中的*miəm‘茶’無涉；飲茶文化的南北不同；亦可以為文本理解提供重要證據，如：《世說新語》中任育長問“為茶為茗”的“紕漏”何在。
Prediction of collapse in femoral head osteonecrosis: role of volumetric assessment
Authors: Ansari Sajid , Goyal Tarun , Kalia Roop B , Paul Souvik , Singh Sanny 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of three different techniques of measuring the extent of osteonecrosis involvement of the femoral head on MRI to determine the best predictor of collapse and to identify the size of the lesion volume which best predicts collapse. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 48 hips of osteonecrosis femoral head (ONFH) with stage 1 or 2 osteonecrosis and the enrolled patients were followed up for 1 year. Angular measurements (modified Kerboul Angle and modified index of necrotic extent) were compared with the 3D volumetric measurement of necrotic lesion based on MRI in predicting the collapse of the head. ROC analysis was done to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 3 indices in predicting collapse. Survival analysis of all the hips in the collapsed and non-collapsed group were interpreted using Kaplan Meir survival analysis. Results: In lesion sizes larger than 25% of femoral head volume - 90.6% (29/32) of hips collapsed within 1 year as compared to 31.3% (5/16) hips collapsed in lesion volume <25% of femoral head (Log-rank test p = 0.001). There was good inter-observer (ICC, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.97) and intra-observer reliability (ICC, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96). Conclusions: The Volumetric method assessed the severity of lesion size with the future collapse better and more predictably than angular measurements. Necrotic lesion volume of 25% is a potential cut off beyond which future collapse of early ONFH can be predicted and aid in the further management. This study can help in solving the mystery behind prediction of collapse in ONFH.
Genetic stability, genetic variation, and fitness performance of the genetic sexing Salaya1 strain for Bactrocera dorsalis, under long-term mass rearing conditions
Authors: Aketarawong Nidchaya , Isasawin Siriwan , Laohakieat Kamoltip , Thanaphum Sujinda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundA genetic sexing strain (GSS) is an essential component for pest control using the sterile insect technique (SIT). A GSS is developed using a combination of Y-autosome translocation and a selectable marker such as pupal color, resulting in heterozygous males and homozygous females that possess wild-type brown pupae (wp+) and mutant white pupae (wp) alleles, respectively. The genetic sexing Salaya1 strain developed forBactrocera dorsaliswas evaluated using a clean stream and scaled-up for subsequent production lines (e.g., initiation, injection, and release). Colony management under small- and large-scale conditions for long-term rearing may affect the sexing system, genetic background, and fitness performance of the strain. Routine monitoring was applied to study genetic stability, genetic variation, and male mating competitiveness.ResultsThe percentage of recombinants was significantly different between males (wp) and females (wp+), ranging between 0.21–0.43% and 0.01–0.04%, respectively. Using 106 bands from six ISSR markers, the genetic backgrounds of two generations (F40andF108) of the clean stream were found to be almost identical (0.960), and between those two generations and the wild population, the similarities were 0.840 and 0.800, respectively. In addition, the sterile males performed well in competitive mating with fertile females (Relative Sterility Index = 0.67 ± 0.13). The rates of fliers calculated from both clean and release streams were higher than 0.95. Regarding the fitness of the Salaya1 strain, the fertility and pupal recovery were similar in all production lines. The sex ratio (Male/Female) distortion was also recorded.ConclusionsThe Salaya1 strain reared at the mass-rearing facility retained its genetic stability, genetic variation, behavior (e.g., competitive mating and flight ability), and traits related to fitness for at least 10 consecutive generations. The filter rearing system is effective at minimising the selection pressure while maintaining the genetic background and fitness performances of the clean stream. These characteristics were stable throughout the production lines. In addition, the production efficiency is comparable among the different production lines and other similar types of GSSs.
Targeting the autosomal Ceratitis capitata transformer gene using Cas9 or dCas9 to masculinize XX individuals without inducing mutations
Authors: Primo Pasquale , Meccariello Angela , Inghilterra Maria Grazia , Gravina Andrea , Del Corsano Giuseppe , Volpe Gennaro , Sollazzo Germano , Aceto Serena , Robinson Mark D. , Salvemini Marco , Saccone Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFemales of the Mediterranean fruit flyCeratitis capitata(Medfly) are major agricultural pests, as they lay eggs into the fruit crops of hundreds of plant species. In Medfly, female sex determination is based on the activation ofCctransformer(Cctra). A maternal contribution ofCctrais required to activateCctraitself in the XX embryos and to start and epigenetically maintain aCctrapositive feedback loop, by female-specific alternative splicing, leading to female development. In XY embryos, the male determiningMaleness-on-the-Ygene (MoY) blocks this activation andCctraproduces male-specific transcripts encoding truncated CcTRA isoforms and male differentiation occurs.ResultsWith the aim of inducing frameshift mutations in the first coding exon to disrupt both female-specific and shorter male-specific CcTRA open reading frames (ORF), we injected Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (Cas9 and single guide RNA, sgRNA) in embryos. As this approach leads to mostly monoallelic mutations, masculinization was expected only in G1XX individuals carrying biallelic mutations, following crosses of G0injected individuals. Surprisingly, these injections into XX-only embryos led to G0adults that included not only XX females but also 50% of reverted fertile XX males. The G0XX males expressed male-specificCctratranscripts, suggesting full masculinization. Interestingly, out of six G0XX males, four displayed theCctrawild type sequence. This finding suggests that masculinization by Cas9-sgRNA injections was independent from its mutagenic activity. In line with this observation, embryonic targeting ofCctrain XX embryos by a dead Cas9 (enzymatically inactive, dCas9) also favoured a male-specific splicing ofCctra, in both embryos and adults.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the establishment ofCctrafemale-specific autoregulation during the early embryogenesis has been repressed in XX embryos by the transient binding of the Cas9-sgRNA on the first exon of theCctragene. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the shift ofCctrasplicing from female to male mode is induced also by dCas9. Collectively, the present findings corroborate the idea that a transient embryonic inactivation ofCctrais sufficient for male sex determination.
Clinical and radiological outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the T-lock Osteotrans resorbable tendon anchor: early experience and midterm follow-up
Authors: Bangert Y. , Jaber A. , Wünnemann F. , Berrsche G. , Streich N. , Rehnitz C. , Ott H. , Barié A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeReconstruction of the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using tendon grafting is an established method for restoring knee function and stability. Multiple methods are established for graft fixation. Several involve anchoring the autograft distant to the joint with hardware that remains implanted. This study reports the first early to midterm results in patients who received ACL reconstruction (ACLR) using the T-Lock Osteotrans femoral near joint fixation method with a tibial fixation using the BioactIF Osteotrans interference screw.MethodsThis consecutive prospective series included 20 Patients (14 Male, 6 Female) with a primary ACL rupture. All patients were treated with an ACLR using a semitendinosus autograft fixated with the T-Lock Osteotrans and were followed-up postoperatively. The following parameters were assessed: Side-to-side difference of the posterior-anterior translation measured using the KT-1000 arthrometer, Tegner activity score, Lysholm score, IKDC subjective knee evaluation form. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done to assess tunnel enlargement and integrity of the anchoring device.ResultsThe average follow-up duration was 2 years (range 1–4.2 years). One patient was lost to follow-up. Two Patients suffered a traumatic ACL re-rupture 2 years postoperatively and received a 2-stage revision ACLR. Difference in the posterior-anterior translation was 1.8 mm (range 0–5). The median Tegner score was 6 (range 4–10) and 9 patients (45%) returned to their preinjury level of activity. The mean IKDC subjective knee evaluation form scored 91 points (range 77–100). The mean Lysholm score was 86 points (74–96). All mentioned scores were significantly better compared to preoperative values. No relevant tunnel enlargement was seen on MRI. The anchoring device was evaluated to be intact in all patients.ConclusionACLR with the aforementioned procedure leads to good clinical and radiological outcome.
Impact of downstream effects of glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction on organ function in critical illness-associated systemic inflammation
Authors: Wepler Martin , Preuss Jonathan M. , Merz Tamara , McCook Oscar , Radermacher Peter , Tuckermann Jan P. , Vettorazzi Sabine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are stress hormones that regulate developmental and physiological processes and are among the most potent anti-inflammatory drugs to suppress chronic and acute inflammation. GCs act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ubiquitously expressed ligand-activated transcription factor, which translocates into the nucleus and can act via two different modes, as a GR monomer or as a GR dimer. These two modes of action are not clearly differentiated in practice and may lead to completely different therapeutic outcomes. Detailed aspects of GR mechanisms are often not taken into account when GCs are used in different clinical scenarios. Patients, with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency, treated with natural or synthetic GCs are still missing a clearly defined therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the different modes of GR function and its importance on organ function in vivo.
The phenomenon of contemporary state's digital sovereignty in the context of global technological transformations: content and features
Authors: Volodenkov S. 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work is to study the content, structure and functions of the phenomenon of digital sovereignty, which is primarily associated with the active introduction of digital communication technologies into the current political and socio-economic practice, acting as an influential factor in transforming modern approaches to understanding and ensuring national sovereignty as in political, and in the economic dimensions, as well as generating global challenges and risks in the field of geopolitical security of modern states. The object of the research was modern extraterritorial and distributed digital technologies, which are currently actively used in socio-political and socio-economic practice. The subject of the research - peculiarities of the transformation of the structural, functional and substantive content of the phenomenon of national digital sovereignty in the context of digitalization of the socio-political and economic spheres of its life vital for the state. The paper analyzes the current practice of digitalization of modern states and societies, based on which the key risks, challenges and threats are identified that are of most significant importance in the formation and provision of national digital sovereignty in the context of modern technological transformations. Acknowledgments: The reported study was funded by RFBR and EISR, project number 20-011-31396.
Acknowledgments: The reported study was funded by RFBR and EISR, project number 20-011-31396.
Distance to an Abortion Provider and Its Association with the Abortion Rate: A Multistate Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Brown Benjamin P. , Hebert Luciana E. , Gilliam Melissa , Kaestner Robert 
Published: December 2020

CONTEXTAlthough one in four U.S. women has an abortion in her lifetime, barriers to abortion persist, including distance to care. This study evaluates the association between distance to care and the abortion rate, adjusting for abortion demand.METHODSTwo analyses were conducted using a data set linking provider locations and 2000–2014 county‐level abortion data for 18 states; data sources included the Census Bureau, state vital statistics offices and the Guttmacher Institute. First, a series of linear regression models were run, with and without adjustment for demographic covariates, modeling distance as both a continuous and a categorical variable. Then, an instrumental variable analysis was conducted in which being 30 or more miles from a large college‐enrolled female population younger than age 25 was used as an instrument for distance to a provider. The outcome variable for all models was abortions per 1,000 women aged 25 or older. All models were adjusted for state, year and state‐year interaction fixed effects.RESULTSIncreased distance to a provider was associated with a decreased abortion rate. Each additional mile to a provider was associated with a decrease of 0.011 in the abortion rate. Compared with being within 30 miles of a provider, being between 30 and 90 miles from a provider was associated with 0.80–1.46 fewer abortions per 1,000 women. In the instrumental variable analysis, being 30 or more miles from a provider was associated with 5.26 fewer abortions per 1,000 women.CONCLUSIONSDistance to a provider may present a barrier to abortion by preventing access to care. Therefore, policies that increase travel distances have potential for harm.