bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK university students’ perceptions about the benefits and value of personalised nutrition advice delivered by the web-based eNutri app
Authors: Kelly E. , Weech M. , Fallaize R. , Hwang F. , Lovegrove J. A. 
Published: December 2024

University students often make less healthful dietary choices whilst at university however, do not typically receive advice and support to help them eat more healthily(1,2). A tool which could be provided to students to promote more favourable dietary behaviours is the eNutri web-based app which includes a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and delivers automated personalised nutrition advice (PNA) and a diet quality score (DQS) consisting of 11 food/nutrient components(3). The PNA includes scores and general advice for each component and, for the user’s three lowest scoring components, recommends which foods to eat more/less frequently to improve their DQS. As part of a 4-week intervention study, we aimed to explore the perceptions of the eNutri PNA in UK university students.As part of this intervention, 14 students from the Universities of Reading and Hertfordshire completed the eNutri FFQ and received their PNA. At the end of the study, they rated how much they agreed with statements about the perceived value and benefit (if any) of the eNutri PNA tool, on a 6-point scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The percentage of respondents reported is the total number who responded “somewhat agree”, “agree”, or “strongly agree” to each statement.Of the 14 students, 79% were female with a mean age of 25y (range = 18-37y) and mean BMI of 24.7kg/m2 (range = 19.4-31.9kg/m2). At baseline, the average importance of a healthy diet to the participants (n = 13) was rated at 7.2 out of 10 (with 0 being ‘not important at all’ and 10 being ‘very important’). In total, 57% of respondents indicated that they felt they ‘were eating a healthier diet because of the eNutri advice received’ and only 14% reported that ‘the advice did not motivate them to make changes to their diet’. Furthermore, 64% of respondents indicated that the ‘eNutri PNA gave them confidence in their ability to make changes to their diet’ and that it ‘supported them to do so’. Half of the students agreed that ‘they would want to use eNutri long term to track their progress and receive regular PNA’. In addition, 79% agreed that ‘eNutri should be offered to all university students to help them make healthier food choices’, and that if eNutri was offered to them for free by their university, ‘it would be a valuable student benefit’ and they ‘would want to use it again’.In general, university students indicated the eNutri PNA tool supported them to eat healthier and providing access to the wider student population would be beneficial to encourage healthy eating at university. These findings along with the quantitative data from the PNA intervention which is currently being analysed will support the development of larger, suitably-powered studies to confirm these findings.
Nutrition and health claims on fibre; consumer perceptions, understanding and behavior
Authors: Tann E. , Dye L. , Boyle N. , Adolphus K. 
Published: December 2024

The importance of dietary fibre consumption for health is widely recognised. However, there is a clear ‘fibre gap’ between actual and recommended fibre consumption(1,2). In the UK, average fibre intake is 18g(1). Fibre intake increases in relation to income, with fibre consumption particularly low in low-income households(3). The absence of a UK reference intake value for dietary fibre means nutrition and health claims are a key route for food manufacturers to promote dietary fibre to consumers(4). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perception of valence and understanding of approved fibre related nutrition and health claims, and marketing messages, and the intention to purchase products displaying these claims or messages.An online survey was used to examine perception of valence and understanding of fibre-related nutrition and health claims, and any effects these claims, and other marketing messages related to fibre have on intention to purchase products, amongst the general population and individuals on a lower income in the UK. Data was collected from 560 respondents, with 84 classified as lowincome, based on an annual household income of below £17,100(5). Chi-squared tests were performed to examine associations, with post-hoc tests applied as appropriate.Perception of valence was found to be significantly associated with intent to purchase for all the health and nutrition claims that were tested (p<0.001), such that participants who perceived a claim or term to be positive, were more likely to report that they would purchase a product displaying the claim. Three of the eight nutrition claims that were tested demonstrated a significant association between understanding and perception of valence (p<0.01), with only two demonstrating a significant association between understanding and intent to purchase (p<0.05). All four of the health messages that were tested demonstrated a significant association between perception of valence and intent to purchase (p<0.001), three demonstrated a significant association between understanding/interpretation and perception of valence (p<0.01), and two demonstrated a significant association between understanding/interpretation and intent to purchase (p<0.05). Thus, for many of the health claims and some health messages that were tested, there was no evidence to suggest that participants who understood the meaning of the claims would be more likely to perceive them positively or be more inclined to purchase a product displaying the claim or message.Regardless of consumer understanding, claims must be perceived positively to significantly impact intent to purchase, so effort must be made to promote positive attitudes towards dietary fibre, and its associated health benefits. The wording of some claims may not be conducive to positive perceptions of dietary fibre.
Sustainability metrics of the UK diet using myfood24
Authors: Williams G. , Hasenböhler A. , Hamilton A. , Galazoula M. , Cade J.E. 
Published: December 2024

Promotion of sustainable healthy diets requires comprehensive metrics to assess environmental impact of foods consumed1. Existing food systems are failing to meet the needs of current and future generations, by operating outside several planetary boundaries. Promoting healthy diets from sustainable food systems is central to realizing the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Standard food composition tables do not include sustainability metrics. The aim of this work was to add UK focussed sustainability metrics to the food composition table used in myfood24.Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), land and water use were added to each food item in the myfood24 UK generic and branded databases. This is recorded as per 100g of product. The values for GHGE2 takes account of factors including production method, land use management, feed used, soil and climate, processing and transport of both the product and aspects of its production e.g., fertiliser and feed. Values were weighted for UK trade statistics to reflect values for the UK food supply. Land use and freshwater withdrawals were also added.Exploration of the sustainability metrics in the myfood24 database by food category show, as expected, that meat (1.5 kg CO2eq, SD 1.4), fish (1.8 kg CO2eq, SD 1.0) and dairy (1.3 kg CO2eq, SD 0.8) plus dried herbs/spices (1.4 kg CO2eq, SD 1.2) have the highest GHGE per 100g. In the meat category, beef and lamb had GHGE ∼3.8 kg CO2eq with pork and chicken having lower values ∼1.0 kg CO2eq. Plant based protein sources had much lower GHGE per 100g, with pulses at 0.3 CO2eq (SD 0.2) and nuts at 0.2 CO2eq (SD 0.2). Land use was by far the highest per 100g for lamb (63 m2year/day, SD 18) with beef next at 8 m2year/day (SD 4). Chocolate (5 m2year/day, SD 2) was the sixth highest food category for land use. Drinks, vegetables, fruit and potatoes had the lowest land use values. Regarding water use, seafood per 100g had high values at 484l/day (SD 167), followed by nuts (218l/day, SD 172), lamb (171l/day, SD 36) and rice (164l/day SD 42). Drinks, potatoes and breads had the lowest land use values per 100g.Through addition of sustainability metrics to food and nutrient composition databases we can measure the impact of food intake in relation to both nutrients and sustainability. This linked data will help us to understand how to adapt our diets to be healthier and better for the planet.
Across the multiverse: exploring a diverse set of specifications related to cross-sectional and prospective associations between adolescent alcohol use and emotional problems
Authors: Halladay J. , Visontay R. , Slade T. , Devine E. K. , Smout S. , Andrews J. L. , Champion K. E. , Teesson M. , Sunderland M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between adolescent alcohol use and emotional problems remains unclear and contradictory. These inconsistencies may in part be due to differences in the measurement and operationalization of alcohol use and emotional problems across studies, as well as confounder selection and missing data decisions. This study explores the associations between common specifications of adolescent alcohol use and emotional problems in a large sample of adolescents.MethodsA multiverse analysis (also known as specification curve analysis or vibration of effects) was done with 7680 unique model specifications in a large longitudinal sample of 6639 Australian adolescents (aged ~14.7–15.7, 2021–2022).ResultsWhile alcohol use and emotional problems nearly universally co-occurred in minimally adjusted cross-sectional models (98–99%), the operationalization of emotional problems, temporality of prospective relationships, and choice of confounders substantially impacted findings. Emotional problems appeared to predict later alcohol use more-so than the reverse, depression-focused measures yielded more consistent associations with alcohol use than anxiety-focused measures, and certain confounders (i.e. conduct, ADHD, smoking) explained most of the associations between adolescent alcohol use and emotional problems. Missing data decisions and whether outcomes were modelled continuously v. dichotomously had minimal impact on findings.ConclusionsWhile adolescent alcohol use and emotional problems commonly co-occur, inconsistencies in the magnitude, direction, and significance of effects are closely tied to researcher decisions that are often made arbitrarily.
Implementing interpersonal psychotherapy globally: a content analysis from 31 countries
Authors: Mootz Jennifer J. , Weissman Myrna M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile there is ample evidence for the efficacy of IPT, confirmed through the results of the efficacy review, on the ground implementation factors are less well understood. We compiled a book on the global reach of IPT by requesting contributions from local authors through word-of-mouth methods. This approach resulted in reports from 31 countries across six continents and 15 diverse populations within the US that spanned the age range and types of usage. In this paper, our aim was to collate and summarize book contributors' descriptions of barriers and facilitators as related to their experiences of implementing IPT across the 31 countries. We conducted a conceptual content analysis and then applied the updated Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) to deductively organize the barriers and facilitators into its five domains. Most found IPT to be relevant and acceptable and described minor variations needed for tailoring to context. National level policies and mental health stigma were highlighted in the outer setting. Availability of specialists and general and mental health infrastructure were considerations relevant to the inner setting. Many sites had successfully implemented IPT through delivery by nonspecialized providers, although provider workload and burnout were common. Clients faced numerous practical challenges in accessing weekly care. Primary strategies to mitigate these challenges were use of telehealth delivery and shortening of the intervention duration. Most programs ensured competency through a combination of didactic training and case supervision. The latter was identified as time-intensive and costly.
Confidence regained: Providence and prayer in the works of Catherine of Siena, Anne Conway and Simone Weil
Authors: Koenig Katrin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article I explore three ways of reflecting on faith in God's providence and correlative understandings of prayer. My study suggests a praxeological understanding of the doctrine of providence as tacit knowledge. First, I present the soteriological dialogical approach of Catherine of Siena, from her late medieval Dialogue on providence. Secondly, I analyse the quietist vitalist approach of the early modern English philosopher Anne Conway in her Principles of Philosophy. Thirdly, I reflect on the critical, non-interventionist approach of the French philosopher and mystic Simone Weil. I conclude by discussing the interrelation between providence and prayer.
The interaction between luminance polarity grouping and symmetry axes on the ERP responses to symmetry
Authors: Dering Benjamin , Wright Damien , Gheorghiu Elena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Symmetry is a salient visual feature in the natural world, yet the perception of symmetry may be influenced by how natural lighting conditions (e.g., shading) fall on the object relative to its symmetry axis. Here, we investigate how symmetry detection may interact with luminance polarity grouping, and whether this modulates neural responses to symmetry, as evidenced by the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN) component of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). Stimuli were dot patterns arranged either symmetrically (reflection, rotation, translation) or quasi-randomly, and by luminance polarity about a grouping axis (i.e., black dots on one side and white dots on the other). We varied the relative angular separation between the symmetry and polarity-grouping axes: 0, 30, 60, 90 deg. Participants performed a two interval-forced-choice (2IFC) task indicating which interval contained the symmetrical pattern. We found that accuracy for the 0 deg polarity-grouped condition was higher compared to the single-polarity condition for rotation and translation (but not reflection symmetry), and higher than all other angular difference (30, 60, 90) conditions for all symmetry types. The SPN was found to be separated topographically into an early and late component, with the early SPN being sensitive to luminance polarity grouping at parietal-occipital electrodes, and the late SPN sensitive to symmetry over central electrodes. The increase in relative angular differences between luminance polarity and symmetry axes highlighted changes between cardinal (0, 90 deg) and other (30, 60 deg) angles. Critically, we found a polarity-grouping effect in the SPN time window for noise only patterns, which was related to symmetry type, suggesting a task/ symmetry pattern influence on SPN processes. We conclude that luminance polarity grouping can facilitate symmetry perception when symmetry is not readily salient, as evidenced by polarity sensitivity of early SPN, yet it can also inhibit neural and behavioral responses when luminance polarity and symmetry axes are not aligned.
Efficacy and Safety of Prehospital Blood Transfusion in Traumatized Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hamed Abdelelah Abdelgadir , Shuib Sharfeldin Mohammed , Elhusein Amal Mohamed , Fadlalmola Hammad Ali , Higazy Omnia Abdalla , Mohammed Insaf Hassan , Mohamed Bahja Siddig , Abdelmalik Mohammed , Al-Sayaghi Khaled Mohammed , Saeed Abdalrahman Abdullatif Mohmmed , Hegazy Samya Mohamed , Albalawi Saud , Alrashidi Abdullah , Abdallah Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground:Approximately five million individuals have traumatic injuries annually. Implementing prehospital blood-component transfusion (PHBT), encompassing packed red blood cells (p-RBCs), plasma, or platelets, facilitates early hemostatic volume replacement following trauma. The lack of uniform PHBT guidelines persists, relying on diverse parameters and physician experience.Aim:This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of various components of PHBT, including p-RBCs and plasma, on mortality and hematologic-related outcomes in traumatic patients.Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was executed to identify pertinent literature comparing the transfusion of p-RBCs, plasma, or a combination of both with standard resuscitation care in traumatized patients. Eligible studies underwent independent screening, and pertinent data were systematically extracted. The analysis employed pooled risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) for continuous variables, each accompanied by their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results:Forty studies were included in the qualitative analysis, while 26 of them were included in the quantitative analysis. Solely P-RBCs alone or combined with plasma showed no substantial effect on 24-hour or long-term mortality (RR = 1.13; 95% CI, 0.68 - 1.88; P = .63). Conversely, plasma transfusion alone exhibited a 28% reduction in 24-hour mortality with a RR of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.53 - 0.99; P = .04). In-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay were mostly unaffected by p-RBCs or p-RBCs plus plasma, except for a notable three-day reduction in length of hospital stay with p-RBCs alone (MD = -3.00; 95% CI, -5.01 to -0.99; P = .003). Hematological parameter analysis revealed nuanced effects, including a four-unit increase in RBC requirements with p-RBCs (MD = 3.95; 95% CI, 0.69 - 7.21; P = .02) and a substantial reduction in plasma requirements with plasma transfusion (MD = -0.73; 95% CI, -1.28 to -0.17; P = .01).Conclusion:This study revealed that plasma transfusion alone was associated with a substantial decrease in 24-hour mortality. Meanwhile, p-RBCs alone or combined with plasma did not significantly impact 24-hour or long-term mortality. In-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay were generally unaffected by p-RBCs or p-RBCs plus plasma, except for a substantial reduction in length of hospital stay with p-RBCs alone.
The Chinggisid Crisis of the mid-fourteenth century: reasons and consequences
Authors: Biran Michal , Landa Ishayahu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the collapse of the Mongol empire in the mid- to late fourteenth century (1330s to 1390s) across Eurasia, looking at three facets of the Crisis: environmental—focusing on climate change; epidemiological—exploring the Black Death's impact on the fall of the Chinggisids; and political—mainly the dilution of the Chinggisid charisma due to the halt of expansion. We argue that the main facet of the Crisis was political, and that it derived from the nomadic culture of the Mongols. This was the same political culture that enabled them to establish their huge empire. However, an integral part of this political culture was the need to secure the support of the nomadic elites who were also the backbone of the Mongol army. This proved to be much harder in a reality of excessive natural disasters on the one hand and the erosion of the Chinggisid charisma due to the renunciation of the ideal of world conquest on the other. The result was a growing number of elite groups who contested for power while nominally retaining the framework of the Chinggisid principle, among whom the imperial sons-in-law played a significant part, as well as the shrink and fragmentation of the Chinggisid polities that survived the Crisis.
The quest for early detection of retinal disease: 3D CycleGAN-based translation of optical coherence tomography into confocal microscopy
Authors: Tian Xin , Anantrasirichai Nantheera , Nicholson Lindsay , Achim Alin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy are pivotal in retinal imaging, offering distinct advantages and limitations. In vivo OCT offers rapid, noninvasive imaging but can suffer from clarity issues and motion artifacts, while ex vivo confocal microscopy, providing high-resolution, cellular-detailed color images, is invasive and raises ethical concerns. To bridge the benefits of both modalities, we propose a novel framework based on unsupervised 3D CycleGAN for translating unpaired in vivo OCT to ex vivo confocal microscopy images. This marks the first attempt to exploit the inherent 3D information of OCT and translate it into the rich, detailed color domain of confocal microscopy. We also introduce a unique dataset, OCT2Confocal, comprising mouse OCT and confocal retinal images, facilitating the development of and establishing a benchmark for cross-modal image translation research. Our model has been evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively, achieving Fréchet inception distance (FID) scores of 0.766 and Kernel Inception Distance (KID) scores as low as 0.153, and leading subjective mean opinion scores (MOS). Our model demonstrated superior image fidelity and quality with limited data over existing methods. Our approach effectively synthesizes color information from 3D confocal images, closely approximating target outcomes and suggesting enhanced potential for diagnostic and monitoring applications in ophthalmology.
The Roles of Nutrient Loading and River Discharge on the Phytoplankton Dynamics in the Semi‐Enclosed Sea
Authors: Sun Ruohan , Kang Xinyi , Xia Meng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton biomass is crucial to the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM)‐based Ecological Model (Integrated Compartment Model) was implemented to assess nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in the Bohai Sea from 2010 to 2019. From 2010 to 2013, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) levels in the Bohai Sea were higher (∼0.400 and 0.030 mg/L, respectively) in nearshore areas compared to other years. During the summer and fall, the spatial distribution of the DIN/DIP ratio in the Bohai Sea exhibited a double‐core structure. Higher values (>100) were primarily concentrated in the central region of the Liaodong Bay and south of the Central Basin near the Yellow River Estuary. Statistical analyses and numerical experiments revealed that increasing DIP loading from rivers had a greater effect on phytoplankton biomass in the Laizhou and Bohai Bays than increasing DIN loading. However, the phytoplankton biomass in the Liaodong Bay was strongly influenced by both increasing DIN and DIP loading from rivers. Notably, the increase in phytoplankton biomass resulting from increasing DIN loading exceeded that from increasing DIP loading by 17% in the Liaodong Bay. The reduction in river discharge weakened circulation at the river mouths, thereby partially retaining surface phytoplankton. This was more predominant in the nearshore areas of the Yellow River owing to the higher river discharge in August 2019. This study provides valuable insights for the management and conservation of marine ecosystems.
Probiotics as an adjunctive therapy in periodontitis treatment—reality or illusion—a clinical perspective
Authors: Baddouri Lamyae , Hannig Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPeriodontitis, a prevalent oral health issue, involves various microorganisms and clinical effects. This review examines probiotics as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis by analyzing forty clinical studies. Findings showed mixed results due to differences in study design, probiotic types, and clinical parameters; however, probiotics improved outcomes in severe cases. Caution is advised when interpreting these results, as longer follow-up periods reveal variability and potential regression in effects.