bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interindividual differences in memory system local field potential activity predict behavioral strategy on a dual‐solution T‐maze
Authors: Goldenberg Joshua E. , Lentzou Stergiani , Ackert‐Smith Lyn , Knowlton Harrison , Dash Michael B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndividuals can use diverse behavioral strategies to navigate their environment including hippocampal‐dependent place strategies reliant upon cognitive maps and striatal‐dependent response strategies reliant upon egocentric body turns. The existence of multiple memory systems appears to facilitate successful navigation across a wide range of environmental and physiological conditions. The mechanisms by which these systems interact to ultimately generate a unitary behavioral response, however, remain unclear. We trained 20 male, Sprague–Dawley rats on a dual‐solution T‐maze while simultaneously recording local field potentials that were targeted to the dorsolateral striatum and dorsal hippocampus. Eight rats spontaneously exhibited a place strategy while the remaining 12 rats exhibited a response strategy. Interindividual differences in behavioral strategy were associated with distinct patterns of LFP activity between the dorsolateral striatum and dorsal hippocampus. Specifically, striatal‐hippocampal theta activity was in‐phase in response rats and out‐of‐phase in place rats and response rats exhibited elevated striatal‐hippocampal coherence across a wide range of frequency bands. These contrasting striatal‐hippocampal activity regimes were (a) present during both maze‐learning and a 30 min premaze habituation period and (b) could be used to train support vector machines to reliably predict behavioral strategy. Distinct patterns of neuronal activity across multiple memory systems, therefore, appear to bias behavioral strategy selection and thereby contribute to interindividual differences in behavior.
Submerged fermentation of Ginkgo biloba seed powder using Eurotium cristatum for the development of ginkgo seeds fermented products
Authors: Zou Minmin , Zhang Wen , Dong Qihui , Tang Chao , Cao Fuliang , Su Erzheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGinkgo biloba seeds are well known for the significant curative effects on relieving cough and asthma. However, the development of products from ginkgo seeds still falls behind at present, resulting in a great waste of ginkgo seeds' resource. In this work, submerged fermentation of ginkgo seed powder using Eurotium cristatum was studied to investigate its feasibility as a new processing method.RESULTSTo promote the growth of E. cristatum, the optimum fermentation medium was 80.0 g L−1 of ginkgo seed powder with addition of 5.0 g L−1 calcium chloride (CaCl2), 4.0 g L−1 magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), 1.25 g L−1 zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and 0.65 g L−1 iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4). The optimum fermentation conditions were pH 5.8 ± 0.1, inoculum size 5.1 × 106 CFU mL−1, liquid medium volume 100 mL in 250‐mL Erlenmeyer flask and fermentation 4 days. Through fermentation, the production of lovastatin in fermentation broth could reach up to 32.97 ± 0.17 μg mL−1 and the total antioxidant capacity was improved by more than two‐fold. In addition, 40.15% of the ginkgotoxin in ginkgo seed powder was degraded while the entire degradation of ginkgolic acids was obtained. Moreover, fermented ginkgo seed powder suspension presented pleasant fragrances, and the activities of amylase and protease were enhanced to 11.30 ± 0.10 U mL−1 and 23.01 ± 0.20 U mL−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONSSubmerged fermentation using E. cristatum could significantly enhance the functional value and safety of ginkgo seed powder, and had great potential to become a novel processing method for the development of ginkgo seeds fermented products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Mathematical Modeling of the Stabilizer‐Free Dispersion Copolymerization of Styrene and Maleic Anhydride: Particle Growth
Authors: Torraga Maria G. F. , Giudici Reinaldo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA model is proposed for particle growth in the stabilizer‐free dispersion copolymerization of styrene (ST) and maleic anhydride (MAH). The model is based on the assumptions that 1) polymerization occurs in both the continuous phase and the polymer particles, 2) the nucleation step is fast, and the number of polymer particles is fixed during the process, 3) the particle population is monodisperse, 4) the propagation step between ST and MAH follows the terminal model, and 5) the termination step is diffusion‐controlled, causing an autoacceleration effect in the process. The model predicts the global conversion, copolymer composition and the polymer particle diameter during time. The validation data are obtained experimentally by stabilizer‐free dispersion copolymerization and the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
The Bildung Theory—From von Humboldt to Klafki and Beyond
Authors: Sjöström Jesper , Eilks Ingo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBildung is a complex educational concept that has connections to both the Enlightenment and Romanticism. It has its roots in the late eighteenth century in Germany and has had a central place in educational philosophy and policy in central and northern Europe since then. In the history of education, one can identify at least five educational theories with reference to the basic ideas of Bildung: (a) Wilhelm von Humboldt’s classical Bildung, (b) liberal education, (c) Scandinavian folk-Bildung, (d) democratic education, and (e) critical-hermeneutic Bildung. In this chapter, we discuss the development of the concept of Bildung as a humanistic theory and its relevance for science education. We show how Bildung, when it comes to science education among other disciplines, emphasizes both personal subjectification and skills for socio-political action. In doing so, we relate contemporary interpretations of Bildung to issues of scientific literacy, education for sustainability, and transformative learning.
Nature of Science for Social Justice: Why, What and How?
Authors: Hansson Lena , Yacoubian Hagop A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract“Nature of Science” (NOS) and “Social Justice” (SJ) are vivid areas in contemporary science education research. There are different conceptualizations of NOS and SJ, giving rise to divergent research agendas. NOS and SJ research areas have mostly been separate tracks, with only a few contributions across each other. The aim of this volume is to bring NOS and SJ research closer together, explore possibilities that might arise, and start a dialogue on the characteristics of NOS for SJ. In this chapter, we prioritize SJ as an overall aim of science education and shed light on how NOS teaching can contribute to that aim. We argue for the importance of three questions: Why should a school science aiming for SJ address NOS? What NOS-related content, skills and attitudes form the basis when aiming for SJ? How can school science address NOS for SJ? The goal of the dialogue around these three broad questions is to develop a research base for NOS teaching aimed towards SJ. In this chapter, we initiate this dialogue, which is then continued in the chapters that follow. We also provide an overview of the volume and identify some of the main arguments that the authors make as they embark upon this dialogue.
Survey of User Needs: Mobile Apps for mHealth and People with Disabilities
Authors: Lippincot Ben , Thompson Nicole , Morris John , Jones Mike , DeRuyter Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents data and analysis from survey research conducted by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Information and Communication Technology Access for Mobile Rehabilitation (mRehab RERC) on the use and unmet needs for mHealth mobile apps by people with disabilities in the United States. Quantitative and qualitative data are reported on user experiences with mHealth apps to map the behavior, interests and needs of people with specific types of disability (physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional/psychological, and speech). Summary results are presented for all respondents and each disability type. Slightly more than half of the participants in this sample (53.2%) reported using mHealth apps. Fitness and exercise apps were the mHealth apps most used by respondents with disabilities, followed by hospital/clinical portal apps. Symptom and disease management apps are the least commonly used, even though these would seem to be important for people with chronic conditions. Text-based responses regarding unmet needs for mHealth apps can be sorted into accessibility needs and functionality needs. In general, respondents with sensory limitations were more likely to identify accessibility needs. However, all disability groups identified both types of unmet needs. These results can help inform research and development efforts to provide mHealth apps that meet the needs of people with disabilities.
Alzheimer’s Garden: Understanding Social Behaviors of Patients with Dementia to Improve Their Quality of Life
Authors: Bellini Gloria , Cipriano Marco , De Angeli Nicola , Gargano Jacopo Pio , Gianella Matteo , Goi Gianluca , Rossi Gabriele , Masciadri Andrea , Comai Sara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper aims at understanding the social behavior of people with dementia through the use of technology, specifically by analyzing localization data of patients of an Alzheimer’s assisted care home in Italy. The analysis will allow to promote social relations by enhancing the facility’s spaces and activities, with the ultimate objective of improving residents’ quality of life. To assess social wellness and evaluate the effectiveness of the village areas and activities, this work introduces measures of sociability for both residents and places. Our data analysis is based on classical statistical methods and innovative machine learning techniques. First, we analyze the correlation between relational indicators and factors such as the outdoor temperature and the patients’ movements inside the facility. Then, we use statistical and accessibility analyses to determine the spaces residents appreciate the most and those in need of enhancements. We observe that patients’ sociability is strongly related to the considered factors. From our analysis, outdoor areas result less frequented and need spatial redesign to promote accessibility and attendance among patients. The data awareness obtained from our analysis will also be of great help to caregivers, doctors, and psychologists to enhance assisted care home social activities, adjust patient-specific treatments, and deepen the comprehension of the disease.
Uptunneling to de Sitter
Authors: Mirbabayi Mehrdad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We propose a Euclidean preparation of an asymptotically AdS2 spacetime that contains an inflating dS2 bubble. The setup can be embedded in a four dimensional theory with a Minkowski vacuum and a false vacuum. AdS2 approximates the near horizon geometry of a two-sided near-extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole, and the two sides can connect to the same Minkowski asymptotics to form a topologically nontrivial worm- hole geometry. Likewise, in the false vacuum the near-horizon geometry of near-extremal black holes is approximately dS2 times 2-sphere. We interpret the Euclidean solution as describing the decay of an excitation inside the wormhole to a false vacuum bubble. The result is an inflating region inside a non-traversable asymptotically Minkowski wormhole.
Motion analysis for better understanding of psychomotor skills in laparoscopy: objective assessment-based simulation training using animal organs
Authors: Ebina Koki , Abe Takashige , Higuchi Madoka , Furumido Jun , Iwahara Naoya , Kon Masafumi , Hotta Kiyohiko , Komizunai Shunsuke , Kurashima Yo , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Ryuji , Osawa Takahiro , Murai Sachiyo , Tsujita Teppei , Sase Kazuya , Chen Xiaoshuai , Konno Atsushi , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Our aim was to characterize the motions of multiple laparoscopic surgical instruments among participants with different levels of surgical experience in a series of wet-lab training drills, in which participants need to perform a range of surgical procedures including grasping tissue, tissue traction and dissection, applying a Hem-o-lok clip, and suturing/knotting, and digitize the level of surgical competency.

Methods
Participants performed tissue dissection around the aorta, dividing encountered vessels after applying a Hem-o-lok (Task 1), and renal parenchymal closure (Task 2: suturing, Task 3: suturing and knot-tying), using swine cadaveric organs placed in a box trainer under a motion capture (Mocap) system. Motion-related metrics were compared according to participants’ level of surgical experience (experts: 50 ≤ laparoscopic surgeries, intermediates: 10–49, novices: 0–9), using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and significant metrics were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA).

Results
A total of 15 experts, 12 intermediates, and 18 novices participated in the training. In Task 1, a shorter path length and faster velocity/acceleration/jerk were observed using both scissors and a Hem-o-lok applier in the experts, and Hem-o-lok-related metrics markedly contributed to the 1st principal component on PCA analysis, followed by scissors-related metrics. Higher-level skills including a shorter path length and faster velocity were observed in both hands of the experts also in tasks 2 and 3. Sub-analysis showed that, in experts with 100 ≤  cases, scissors moved more frequently in the “close zone (0  ≤ to < 2.0 cm from aorta)” than those with 50–99 cases.

Conclusion
Our novel Mocap system recognized significant differences in several metrics in multiple instruments according to the level of surgical experience. “Applying a Hem-o-lok clip on a pedicle” strongly reflected the level of surgical experience, and zone-metrics may be a promising tool to assess surgical expertise. Our next challenge is to give completely objective feedback to trainees on-site in the wet-lab.
Optimised solutions to the last-mile delivery problem in London using a combination of walking and driving
Authors: Martinez-Sykora Antonio , McLeod Fraser , Lamas-Fernandez Carlos , Bektaş Tolga , Cherrett Tom , Allen Julian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInspired by actual parcel delivery operations in London, this paper describes a two-echelon distribution system that combines the use of driving and walking as part of last-mile deliveries in urban areas for a single driver. The paper presents an optimisation model that explicitly treats and integrates the driving and walking elements, and describes a branch-and-cut algorithm that uses new valid inequalities specifically tailored for the problem at hand. Computational results based on real instances obtained from a courier operating in London are presented to show the performance of the algorithm.
Regional climate change projections from NA-CORDEX and their relation to climate sensitivity
Authors: Bukovsky Melissa S. , Mearns Linda O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe climate sensitivity of global climate models (GCMs) strongly influences projected climate change due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Reasonably, the climate sensitivity of a GCM may be expected to affect dynamically downscaled projections. However, there has been little examination of the effect of the climate sensitivity of GCMs on regional climate model (RCM) ensembles. Therefore, we present projections of temperature and precipitation from the ensemble of projections produced as a part of the North American branch of the international Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (NA-CORDEX) in the context of their relationship to the climate sensitivity of their parent GCMs. NA-CORDEX simulations were produced at 50-km and 25-km resolutions with multiple RCMs which downscaled multiple GCMs that spanned nearly the full range of climate sensitivity available in the CMIP5 archive. We show that climate sensitivity is a very important source of spread in the NA-CORDEX ensemble, particularly for temperature. Temperature projections correlate with driving GCM climate sensitivity annually and seasonally across North America not only at a continental scale but also at a local-to-regional scale. Importantly, the spread in temperature projections would be reduced if only low, mid, or high climate sensitivity simulations were considered, or if only the ensemble mean were considered. Precipitation projections correlate with climate sensitivity, but only at a continental scale during the cold season, due to the increasing influence of other processes at finer scales. Additionally, it is shown that the RCMs do alter the projection space sampled by their driving GCMs.
Use of Counterfactual Population Projections for Assessing the Demographic Determinants of Population Ageing
Authors: Murphy Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCounterfactual population projections have been used to estimate the contributions of fertility and mortality to population ageing, a method recently designated as the gold standard for this purpose. We analyse projections with base years between 1850 and 1950 for 11 European countries with long-run demographic data series to estimate the robustness of this approach. We link this approach with stable population theory to derive quantitative indicators of the role of fertility and mortality; consider ways of incorporating net migration; and examine the effect of using alternative indicators of population ageing. A number of substantive and technical weaknesses in the counterfactual projection approach are identified: (1) the conclusions are very sensitive to the choice of base year. Specifically, the level of base year fertility has a major influence on whether fertility or mortality is considered the main driver of population ageing. (2) The method is not transitive: results for two adjacent intervals are unrelated to results for the combined period. Therefore, overall results cannot be usefully allocated between different sub-intervals. (3) Different ageing indices tend to produce similar qualitative conclusions, but quantitative results may differ markedly. (4) Comparisons of alternative models should be with a fixed fertility and mortality projection model rather than with the baseline values as usually done. (5) The standard counterfactual projections approach concatenates the effects of initial age structure and subsequent fertility and mortality rates: methods to separate these components are derived.
‘The idea is nice… but not for me’: First-year students’ readiness for large-scale ‘flipped lectures’—what (de)motivates them?
Authors: Velde Robin van der , Blignaut – van Westrhenen Nadine , Labrie Nanon H. M. , Zweekhorst Marjolein B. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe flipped classroom is proposed as an answer to challenges in higher education. However, studies that explore its influence on first-year student motivation are largely lacking. Using the self-determination theory, this study examines the influence of large-scale flipped lectures, here called ‘expert labs’, on first-year student motivation in the context of a health sciences course (n = 219 students). A mixed-method approach was used, including questionnaires and focus groups with students and tutors. Paper-and-pencil surveys included questionnaires based on the Basic Personal Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale to compare student motivation in both traditional lectures and expert labs. Focus groups explored student’s and teacher’s experiences in relation to strengths and points for improvement of the flipped classroom. Results suggest that a large-scale flipped setting offers a possibility to enhance the relatedness of first-year students through increased interaction and in-class group assignments. First-year students appreciate the flexibility of pre-lecture preparation and an increased understanding of content through active application and peer learning. Nonetheless, first-year students indicate a need for guidance in pre-lecture preparation, explicit expectation management, and possibly the addition of external incentives to be motivated. When designing a large-scale flipped course, the challenge remains to tailor a blended course to support first-year student motivation by, for example, combining teacher support, scaffolding, and an autonomy supporting environment.
It Takes More Than a Good Camera: Which Factors Contribute to Differences Between Face-to-Face Interviews and Videoconference Interviews Regarding Performance Ratings and Interviewee Perceptions?
Authors: Basch Johannes M. , Melchers Klaus G. , Kurz Anja , Krieger Maya , Miller Linda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to technological progress, videoconference interviews have become more and more common in personnel selection. Nevertheless, even in recent studies, interviewees received lower performance ratings in videoconference interviews than in face-to-face (FTF) interviews and interviewees held more negative perceptions of these interviews. However, the reasons for these differences are unclear. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with 114 participants to compare FTF and videoconference interviews regarding interview performance and fairness perceptions and we investigated the role of social presence, eye contact, and impression management for these differences. As in other studies, ratings of interviewees’ performance were lower in the videoconference interview. Differences in perceived social presence, perceived eye contact, and impression management contributed to these effects. Furthermore, live ratings of interviewees’ performance were higher than ratings based on recordings. Additionally, videoconference interviews induced more privacy concerns but were perceived as more flexible. Organizations should take the present results into account and should not use both types of interviews in the same selection stage.
Predicting and Assessing Work Performance of People with Limited Work Capacity (LWC): A Multi-Wave, Multi-Source Study
Authors: van Ruitenbeek Gemma M. C. , Zijlstra Fred R. H. , Hülsheger Ute R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose Occupational integration is vital for the health of all people, also for people with Limited Work Capacity (LWC). Therefore, participation in regular work is a legal right for people that are restricted in their work capacity due to a disability and/or lack sufficient education. Full and effective integration is dependent on the person-job fit, and adequate vocational support should focus on meeting performance standards, as is common practice in traditional personnel selection and development programmes. Despite the huge amount of valid instruments for personnel selection and development, these tests are not suitable people with LWC. Recently, an instrument was developed for assessment and development purposes specifically for this target group. That study provided evidence for reliability and dimensionality this instrument. In our study, we add criterion-related measures to this instrument to demonstrate that assessment at T1 predict performance at T2, thus validating the instrument. Method We conducted a four-source data study, two sources for independent and two for outcome variables, to test the predictive validity of this instrument in a multi-wave setup. Results This study largely supports the validity of the instrument in predicting work behaviour and task performance of people with LWC. More specific, when measures are tailored to this target group, this group is able to predict their work behaviour and task performance accurately just like the general population. Conclusion We conclude that this instrument contributes to science, vocational support practices, and the personal and professional development of people with LWC, which is required for sustainable work.