bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of low pressure cold plasma treatment on microbial decontamination and physicochemical properties of dried walnut kernels (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Ahangari Maryam , Ramezan Yousef , Khani Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, dried walnut kernels were processed by radiofrequency low pressure cold plasma (LPCP) treatment using normal air. Dried walnut kernels were treated with LPCP at different powers (20, 30, 40, and 50 W) and at different times (10, 15, and 20 min), and finally compared with the untreated sample. The tests performed in this study included microbial load reduction, decimal reduction time (D‐value), peroxide value, moisture content, texture firmness, and color parameters. The LPCP treated samples compared with the control sample significantly reduced the microbial load (p < 0.05). The highest microbial log reduction was observed in 50 W for 20 min. Total viable count, coliform, and mold log reduction were equal to 1.09, 0.97, and 0.89 log CFU/g, respectively. D‐values were also calculated, with the maximum reduction observed at 50 W. The lowest D‐values for the total count, coliform, and mold were 19.66, 18.25, and 18.18 min, respectively. There was no significant difference between the treated and untreated samples in terms of peroxide value and firmness (p > 0.05). However, the treated samples' moisture content diminished with increasing power and LPCP exposure time (p < 0 .05). The result indicated that the LPCP darkened the treated samples' color.Practical ApplicationsThis study demonstrates the potential of low pressure cold plasma applications for the decontamination of dried walnut kernels. It is an appropriate alternative for product disinfection such as nuts, spices, aromatic plants, and other sensitive foods to high‐temperature processing, due to the lack of waste production, low energy consumption, low cost, and keeping the physicochemical properties of products intact.
Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk, bread, and jelly by lac dye coloration‐based bidirectional lateral flow immunoassay strip
Authors: Liu Cheng , Fang Shuiqin , Tian Yachen , Ma Junfei , Wang Zheng , Xu Dongpo , Li Ying , Hou Dongjun , Liu Qing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLac dye, a kind of food additive and textile dye, is extracted from lac insect secretions. The ability of lac dye to stain bacteria was firstly found. Based on the discovery, a new bidirectional lateral flow immunoassay strip (BLFIS) for detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) was successfully developed. The BLFIS has two sheets of nitrocellulose (NC) membranes separated by a sample pad. The anti‐E. coli O157:H7 monoclonal antibodies (McAb) were oppositely dispensed on the NC membranes as the control line and test line, respectively. On the side of the control line, a conjugation pad immobilized with pre‐stained E. coli O157:H7 was assembled. The detection limit of BLFIS was 106 CFU/ml. Furthermore, after pre‐incubation in food sample, the detection sensitivity was significantly increased to 100 colonies of the initial bacterial count. This method may be an improvement over traditional colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassay strips, which does not require the pairing of two antibodies to complete the detection, nor the chromogenic nanomaterials to report the detection results, such as gold nanoparticles. And the BLFIS might provide technical support for detecting E. coli O157:H7 in food and ensuring food safety.
Markov chains under nonlinear expectation
Authors: Nendel Max 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider continuous‐time Markov chains with a finite state space under nonlinear expectations. We define so‐called Q‐operators as an extension of Q‐matrices or rate matrices to a nonlinear setup, where the nonlinearity is due to model uncertainty. The main result gives a full characterization of convex Q‐operators in terms of a positive maximum principle, a dual representation by means of Q‐matrices, time‐homogeneous Markov chains under convex expectations, and a class of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. This extends a classical characterization of generators of Markov chains to the case of model uncertainty in the generator. We further derive an explicit primal and dual representation of convex semigroups arising from Markov chains under convex expectations via the Fenchel–Legendre transformation of the generator. We illustrate the results with several numerical examples, where we compute price bounds for European contingent claims under model uncertainty in terms of the rate matrix.
Recalibration of Eddy Viscosity Models for Numerical Simulation of Cavitating Flow Patterns in Low Pressure Nozzle Injectors
Authors: Coussirat M. , Moll F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCavitation in pressure injectors/atomizers affects the liquid/spray jet behavior at its outlet. The type of atomization induced by cavitation allows developing efficient devices if this cavitation state is controlled. Cavitating flow is related to turbulent and multiphase flows with mass transfer between the liquid and its gaseous phase and which is affected by several factors. Due to the high-speed flow and small spatial and time scales involved, the study of cavitating flows using physical experiments is very expensive. By means of numerical simulations using eddy viscosity models, some of the incipient and slight developed cavitating flow characteristics in nozzles are captured, but the level of the vapor fraction is commonly underestimated. It is evident that a suitable calibration of the turbulence models based on the special characteristics of the incipient/slight developed cavitating flows allows obtaining improved results. This special calibration is necessary due to the close relation between the cavitation inception/developing conditions and the turbulence level in the flow leading to a “nonstandard turbulence state.” So, cavitating flows should not be modeled as a simple turbulent one. It is also demonstrated that the results obtained become competitive compared against the ones computed by large eddy simulations, which need a lot of computational resources and an appropriate initial solution for running. The conclusions obtained can be useful to improve injector designs because the suitable simulation of the incipient cavitation or slight developed cavitation flow conditions can be accurately simulated after calibration.
Continuum Modeling and Simulation of Robotic Appendage Interaction With Granular Material
Authors: Wang Guanjin , Riaz Amir , Balachandran Balakumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Legged locomotion has advantages when one is navigating a flowable ground or a terrain with obstacles that are common in nature. With traditional terra-mechanics, one can capture large wheel–terrain interactions. However, legged motion on a granular substrate is difficult to investigate by using classical terra-mechanics due to sharp edge contact. Recent studies have shown that a continuum simulation can serve as an accurate tool for simulating dynamic interactions with granular material at laboratory and field scales. Spurred by this, a computational framework based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method has been developed for the investigation of single robot appendage interaction with a granular system. This framework has been validated by using experimental results and extended to study robot appendages with different shapes and stride frequencies. The mechanics’ results are expected to help robot navigation and exploration in unknown and complex terrains.
Thermal and Mechanical Analyses of Compliant Thermoelectric Coils for Flexible and Bio-Integrated Devices
Authors: Li Kan , Chen Lin , Zhu Feng , Huang Yonggang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThree-dimensional coil structures assembled by mechanically guided compressive buckling have shown potential in enabling efficient thermal impedance matching of thermoelectric devices at a small characteristic scale, which increases the efficiency of power conversion, and has the potential to supply electric power to flexible bio-integrated devices. The unconventional heat dissipation behavior at the side surfaces of the thin-film coil, which serves as a “heat pump,” is strongly dependent on the geometry and the material of the encapsulating dissipation layer (e.g., polyimide). The low heat transfer coefficient of the encapsulation layer, which may damp the heat transfer for a conventional thermoelectric device, usually limits the heat transfer efficiency. However, the unconventional geometry of the coil can take advantage of the low heat transfer coefficient to increase its hot-to-cold temperature difference, and this requires further thermal analysis of the coil in order to improve its power conversion efficiency. Another challenge for the coil is that the active thin-film thermoelectric materials employed (e.g., heavily doped Silicon) are usually very brittle, with the fracture strain less than 0.1% in general while the overall device may undergo large deformation (e.g., stretched 100%). Mechanical analysis is therefore necessary to avoid failure/fracture of the thermoelectric material. In this work, we study the effect of coil geometry on both thermal and mechanical behaviors by using numerical and analytical approaches, and optimize the coil geometry to improve the device performance, and to guide its design for future applications.
Diabetes knowledge, risk perception, and quality of life among South Asian caregivers in young adulthood
Authors: Koipuram Angela , Carroll Sandra , Punthakee Zubin , Sherifali Diana 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPersons of South Asian descent have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of T2DM in the South Asian community has required the support of adult children, potentially impacting the quality of life, diabetes-related knowledge, and risk perception among these caregivers.Research design and methodsTo investigate diabetes-related knowledge, quality of life, risk perception, and actual risk of developing diabetes among South Asian young adults whose parents are living with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted (n=150). An online survey was administered. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in diabetes-related knowledge between males and females (p<0.001). Males (in comparison to females) had a lower risk perception of developing diabetes (p=0.06). Further, risk perception and diabetes-related knowledge were positively associated with caregiver’s physical health (p=0.002).ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of providing gender-specific and culturally tailored diabetes educational interventions.
Mitigating the global health threat of violent conflict: a preventive framework
Authors: Shapiro Daniel , Hua Catherine 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the problem of large-scale violent conflict and the unique preventive role that the global health community can play.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature review and extrapolated insights from practice-based research and consultation with leaders and grassroot organisations confronting emergent and ongoing large-scale conflict.ResultsThe field of global health has thoroughly investigated the physical and mental health consequences of violent conflict, yet there is a dire need for preventive research and action.ConclusionsGlobal health scholars and practitioners are well-positioned to track early warning signs of violence, construct predictive models of its outbreak, lobby for policy reform to address the structural roots of conflict, and provide mediation and educational support to mitigate emerging conflict.
Sum number of fans
Authors: Mauritsius Tuga 
Published: November 2020

Graph labeling deals with assigning labels to one or more elements of a graph. It has a wide variety of applications including: coding theory, communication network addressing, data base management system and secret sharing schemes to mention a view. A mapping [Formula: see text] is called a sum labeling of a graph [Formula: see text] if it is an injection from [Formula: see text] to a set of positive integers, such that [Formula: see text] if and only if there exists a vertex [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. In this case, [Formula: see text] is called a working vertex. In general, a graph [Formula: see text] will require some isolated vertices to be labeled in this way. The least possible number of such isolated vertices is called the sum number of [Formula: see text]; denoted by [Formula: see text]. A sum labeling of a graph [Formula: see text] is said to be optimum if it labels [Formula: see text] by using [Formula: see text] isolated vertices. In this paper, we investigate the lower bounds for the number of isolates required by an even fan and an odd fan, and then we construct optimum sum labelling for the graphs to prove: [Formula: see text]
FDA Approval Summary: Alpelisib Plus Fulvestrant for Patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated, Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Narayan Preeti , Prowell Tatiana M. , Gao Jennifer J. , Fernandes Laura L. , Li Emily , Jiang Xiling , Qiu Junshan , Fan Jianghong , Song Pengfei , Yu Jingyu , Zhang Xinyuan , King-Kallimanis Bellinda L. , Chen Wei , Ricks Tiffany K. , Gong Yutao , Wang Xing , Windsor Katherine , Rhieu Steve Y. , Geiser Gerlie , Banerjee Anamitro , Chen Xiaohong , Reyes Turcu Francisca , Chatterjee Deb K. , Pathak Anand , Seidman Jeffrey , Ghosh Soma , Philip Reena , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Kluetz Paul G. , Tang Shenghui , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Theoret Marc R. , Pazdur Richard , Beaver Julia A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
On May 24, 2019, the FDA granted regular approval to alpelisib in combination with fulvestrant for postmenopausal women, and men, with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)-mutated, advanced or metastatic breast cancer as detected by an FDA-approved test following progression on or after an endocrine-based regimen. Approval was based on the SOLAR-1 study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of alpelisib plus fulvestrant versus placebo plus fulvestrant. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) per RECIST v1.1 in the cohort of trial participants whose tumors had a PIK3CA mutation. The estimated median PFS by investigator assessment in the alpelisib plus fulvestrant arm was 11 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.5–14.5] compared with 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.7–7.4) in the placebo plus fulvestrant arm (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50–0.85; two-sided P = 0.001). The median overall survival was not yet reached for the alpelisib plus fulvestrant arm (95% CI, 28.1–NE) and was 26.9 months (95% CI, 21.9–NE) for the fulvestrant control arm. No PFS benefit was observed in trial participants whose tumors did not have a PIK3CA mutation (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.58–1.25). The most common adverse reactions, including laboratory abnormalities, on the alpelisib plus fulvestrant arm were increased glucose, increased creatinine, diarrhea, rash, decreased lymphocyte count, increased gamma glutamyl transferase, nausea, increased alanine aminotransferase, fatigue, decreased hemoglobin, increased lipase, decreased appetite, stomatitis, vomiting, decreased weight, decreased calcium, decreased glucose, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and alopecia.
Metabolomics of Prostate Cancer Gleason Score in Tumor Tissue and Serum
Authors: Penney Kathryn L. , Tyekucheva Svitlana , Rosenthal Jacob , El Fandy Habiba , Carelli Ryan , Borgstein Stephanie , Zadra Giorgia , Fanelli Giuseppe Nicolò , Stefanizzi Lavinia , Giunchi Francesca , Pomerantz Mark , Peisch Samuel , Coulson Hannah , Lis Rosina , Kibel Adam S. , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Umeton Renato , Loda Massimo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGleason score, a measure of prostate tumor differentiation, is the strongest predictor of lethal prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis. Metabolomic profiling of tumor and of patient serum could identify biomarkers of aggressive disease and lead to the development of a less-invasive assay to perform active surveillance monitoring. Metabolomic profiling of prostate tissue and serum samples was performed. Metabolite levels and metabolite sets were compared across Gleason scores. Machine learning algorithms were trained and tuned to predict transformation or differentiation status from metabolite data. A total of 135 metabolites were significantly different (Padjusted &lt; 0.05) in tumor versus normal tissue, and pathway analysis identified one sugar metabolism pathway (Padjusted = 0.03). Machine learning identified profiles that predicted tumor versus normal tissue (AUC of 0.82 ± 0.08). In tumor tissue, 25 metabolites were associated with Gleason score (unadjusted P &lt; 0.05), 4 increased in high grade while the remainder were enriched in low grade. While pyroglutamine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol were correlated (0.73 and 0.72, respectively) between tissue and serum from the same patient, no metabolites were consistently associated with Gleason score in serum. Previously reported as well as novel metabolites with differing abundance were identified across tumor tissue. However, a “metabolite signature” for Gleason score was not obtained. This may be due to study design and analytic challenges that future studies should consider.Implications:Metabolic profiling can distinguish benign and neoplastic tissues. A novel unsupervised machine learning method can be utilized to achieve this distinction.
Nationwide Analysis of Endovascular Thrombectomy Provider Specialization for Acute Stroke
Authors: Stein Laura K. , Tuhrim Stanley , Jette Nathalie , Fifi Johanna , Mocco J , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose:
Determine the extent of cerebrovascular expertise among the specialties of proceduralists providing endovascular thrombectomy (ET) for emergent large vessel occlusion stroke in the modern era of acute stroke among Medicare beneficiaries

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study using validated
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
, Clinical Modification codes to identify admissions with acute ischemic stroke and treatment with ET. We identified proceduralist specialty by linking the National Provider Identifier provided by Medicare to the specialty listed in the National Provider Identifier database, grouping into radiology, neurology, neurosurgery, other surgical, and internal medicine. We calculated the number of proceduralists and hospitals who performed ET, ET team specialty composition by hospital, and number of proceduralists who performed ET at multiple hospitals.

Results:
Forty-two percent (n=5612) of ET were performed by radiology-background proceduralists, with unclear knowledge of how many were cerebrovascular specialists. Neurosurgery- and neurology-background interventionalists performed fewer but substantial numbers of cases, accounting for 24% (n=3217) and 23% (n=3124) of total cases, respectively. ET teams included a neurology- or neurosurgery-background proceduralist at 65% (n=407) of hospitals that performed ET and included both in 26% (n=160) of teams.

Conclusions:
Almost two-thirds of ET teams nationwide include a neurology- or neurosurgery-background proceduralist and higher volume centers in urban areas were more likely to have neurology- or neurosurgery-background proceduralists with cerebrovascular expertise on their team. It is unclear how many radiology-background interventionalists are cerebrovascular specialists versus generalists. Significant work remains to be done to understand the impact of proceduralist specialty, training, and cerebrovascular expertise on ET outcomes.
Anomalous Dynamics of QBO Disruptions Explained by 1D Theory with External Triggering
Authors: Match Aaron , Fueglistaler Stephan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is an alternating, descending pattern of zonal winds in the tropical stratosphere with a period averaging 28 months. The QBO was disrupted in 2016, and arguably again in 2020, by the formation of an anomalous easterly shear zone, and unprecedented stagnation and ascent of shear zones aloft. Several mechanisms have been implicated in causing the 2016 disruption, most notably triggering by horizontal eddy momentum flux divergence, but also anomalous upwelling and wave stress. In this paper, the 1D theory of the QBO is used to show how seemingly disparate features of disruptions follow directly from the dynamics of the QBO response to triggering. The perturbed QBO is interpreted using a heuristic version of the 1D model, which establishes that 1) stagnation of shear zones aloft resulted from wave dissipation in the shear zone formed by the triggering, and 2) ascent of shear zones aloft resulted from climatological upwelling advecting the stagnant shear zones. Obstacles remain in the theory of triggering. In the 1D theory, the phasing of the triggering is key to determining the response, but the dependence on magnitude is less steep. Yet in MERRA-2, there are triggering events only 20% weaker than the 2016 triggering and equal to the 2020 triggering that did not lead to disruptions. Complicating matters further, MERRA-2 has record-large analysis tendencies during the 2016 disruption, reducing confidence in the resolved momentum budget.
Mapping Altimetry in the Forthcoming SWOT Era by Back-and-Forth Nudging a One-Layer Quasigeostrophic Model
Authors: Le Guillou Florian , Metref Sammy , Cosme Emmanuel , Ubelmann Clément , Ballarotta Maxime , Le Sommer Julien , Verron Jacques 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the past 25 years, altimetric observations of the ocean surface from space have been mapped to provide two dimensional sea surface height (SSH) fields that are crucial for scientific research and operational applications. The SSH fields can be reconstructed from conventional altimetric data using temporal and spatial interpolation. For instance, the standard Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies (DUACS) products are created with an optimal interpolation method that is effective for both low temporal and low spatial resolution. However, the upcoming next-generation SWOT mission will provide very high spatial resolution but with low temporal resolution. The present paper makes the case that this temporal–spatial discrepancy induces the need for new advanced mapping techniques involving information on the ocean dynamics. An algorithm is introduced, dubbed the BFN-QG, that uses a simple data assimilation method, the back-and-forth nudging (BNF), to interpolate altimetric data while respecting quasigeostrophic (QG) dynamics. The BFN-QG is tested in an observing system simulation experiments and compared to the DUACS products. The experiments consider as reference the high-resolution numerical model simulation NATL60 from which are produced realistic data: four conventional altimetric nadirs and SWOT data. In a combined nadirs and SWOT scenario, the BFN-QG substantially improves the mapping by reducing the root-mean-square errors and increasing the spectral effective resolution by 40 km. Also, the BFN-QG method can be adapted to combine large-scale corrections from nadir data and small-scale corrections from SWOT data so as to reduce the impact of SWOT correlated noises and still provide accurate SSH maps.