bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal exposure to violence and offspring neurodevelopment: A systematic review
Authors: Toso Kristin , de Cock Paul , Leavey Gerard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundStress during pregnancy is known to affect fetal neurodevelopment. It seems likely therefore that intimate partner violence (IPV) and domestic violence (DV) as extreme stressors will have a similarly adverse effect.ObjectivesA systematic review was conducted to assess the association between prenatal exposure to violence for mothers and developmental difficulties in their children.Data sourcesPubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, ERIC, Science Direct, SCOPUS, PsyARTICLES, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Women's Studies International and Gender Studies Database were all searched using the agreed search terms.Study selection and data extractionWe include studies of women who have experienced any violence, fear of violence or aggression while pregnant, including emotional, psychological, physical or sexual violence in the context of IPV or DV. Studies were excluded if the neurodevelopmental outcomes of the offspring were not assessed. Studies from all countries were included, in English or translated to English, and search dates were not restricted. We included all years from inception of the database until the search date.SynthesisStudy design and biases, assessment tools, management of confounding, results and overall quality were assessed.ResultsWe identified 11 papers reporting on observational studies. Almost three quarters of the studies found a relationship between prenatal exposure to violence and developmental difficulties in the offspring. Differing assessment tools were used with a range of data collected and not all adjusted their findings for the same confounders.ConclusionsCurrent evidence on the relationship between prenatal violence exposure, as IPV or DV, and consequent child developmental disorders remains limited. Future research using comprehensive study designs, larger samples and longitudinal follow‐up of the offspring could clarify this association. While maternal trauma resulting from exposure to violence may play an important role in childhood development disorders, additional intervening factors on the pathway need further explored.
Risk of febrile seizures among children conceived following fertility treatment: A cohort study
Authors: Guleria Sonia , Kjær Susanne K. , Duun‐Henriksen Anne Katrine , Christensen Jakob , Soylu Lív í , Hargreave Marie , Jensen Allan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that fertility treatment in mothers is associated with neurological problems in children. However, knowledge about any association between maternal use of fertility treatment and febrile seizures in children is lacking.ObjectiveTo determine whether maternal use of fertility treatment is associated with febrile seizures in children.MethodsAll liveborn children in Denmark during 1996‐2012 (n = 1 065 901) were linked with the Danish Infertility Cohort and the Danish national registers and were followed from one year of age until the first episode of a febrile seizure, death, emigration, loss to follow‐up, or end of follow‐up (December 2015). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsApproximately 16% children (n = 172 140) were conceived by infertile women, and approximately 3% (n = 34 082) were diagnosed with febrile seizures during follow‐up. Compared with children conceived by fertile women, children conceived following any fertility treatment (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06, 1.16), following specific fertility treatment, for example IVF (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05, 1.25), ICSI (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10, 1.32), and following fertility drugs (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00, 1.11) had slight increase in risk of febrile seizures, after adjusting for calendar year of birth, parental age, education, parity status, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. The associations were unchanged when children conceived naturally by infertile women were used as the reference group.ConclusionsChildren conceived following fertility treatment had slightly increased relative risk for febrile seizures.
Ventilation heterogeneity and oscillometry predict asthma control improvement following step‐up inhaled therapy in uncontrolled asthma
Authors: Tang Francesca S.M. , Rutting Sandra , Farrow Catherine E. , Tonga Katrina O. , Watts Joanna , Dame‐Carrol Jessica R. , Bertolin Amy , King Gregory G. , Thamrin Cindy , Chapman David G. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAbnormal peripheral airway function is an important feature of asthma and relates to asthma symptoms and poor asthma control. We aimed to determine whether peripheral airway function, as measured by forced oscillatory impedance and multiple‐breath nitrogen washout (MBNW), relates to symptom improvement in asthmatic participants with uncontrolled asthma, after stepping up to high‐dose ICS/LABA treatment.MethodsA total of 19 subjects (14 females, mean age: 29.9 ± 13.6 years) with uncontrolled asthma, as defined by an ACQ5 > 1.5, taking 500 μg/day fluticasone equivalent or less, underwent spirometry, plethysmography, fractional exhaled FeNO, forced oscillatory resistance (Rrs5Hz) and reactance (Xrs5Hz), and indices of MBNW ventilation heterogeneity (lung clearance index (LCI), diffusion‐convection‐dependent (Sacin) and convection‐dependent (Scond)). Measurements were made before and after 8 weeks of treatment with fluticasone/formoterol combination inhaler 250/10 μg, 2 puffs twice daily.ResultsTreatment improved ACQ5 (P = 0.0002), FEV1 (P = 0.02), FVC (P = 0.04), FeNO (P = 0.0008), Xrs5Hz (P = 0.01), LCI (P = 0.0002), Sacin (P = 0.006) and Scond (P = 0.01). At baseline, ACQ5 correlated with Xrs5Hz (rs = 0.52, P = 0.03) and Rrs5Hz (rs = 0.55, P = 0.02). The improvement in ACQ5 was predicted by more abnormal baseline LCI (P = 0.03), Scond (P = 0.02) and Rrs5Hz (P = 0.006). Baseline Scond was the best predictor of a clinically meaningful improvement in asthma control (ΔACQ > 0.5, ROC‐AUC = 0.91, P = 0.007).ConclusionStep‐up to high‐dose combination treatment in uncontrolled asthma is associated with improved peripheral airway function as measured by Xrs5Hz and MBNW. Baseline MBNW and FOT parameters correlated with the improvement in symptoms and may predict a positive response to up‐titration in uncontrolled asthmatic patients.
Controls on channel deposits of highly variable rivers: Comparing hydrology and event deposits in the Burdekin River, Australia
Authors: Alexander Jan , Herbert Christopher M. , Fielding Christopher R. , Amos Kathryn J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDischarge event frequency, magnitude and duration all control river channel morphology and sedimentary architecture. Uncertainty persists as to whether alluvial deposits in the rock record are a time‐averaged amalgam from all discharge events, or a biased record of larger events. This paper investigates the controls on channel deposit character and subsurface stratigraphic architecture in a river with seasonal discharge and very high inter‐annual variability, the Burdekin River of north‐east Australia. In such rivers, most sediment movement is restricted to a few days each year and at other times little sediment moves. However, the maximum discharge magnitude does not directly correlate with the amount of morphological change and some big events do not produce large deposits. The Burdekin channel deposits consist of five main depositional elements: (i) unit bars; (ii) vegetation‐generated bars; (iii) gravel sheets and lags; (iv) antidune trains; and (v) sand sheets. The proportions of each depositional element preserved in the deposits depend on the history of successive large discharge events, their duration and the rate at which they wane. Events with similar peak magnitude but different rate of decline preserve different event deposits. The high intra‐annual and inter‐annual discharge variability and rapid rate of stage change make it likely that small to moderate‐scale bed morphology will be in disequilibrium with flow conditions most of the time. Consequently, dune and unit bar size and cross‐bed set thickness are not good indicators of event or channel size. Antidunes may be more useful as indicators of flow conditions at the time they formed. Rivers with very high coefficient of variance of maximum discharge, such as the Burdekin, form distinctive channel sediment bodies. However, the component parts are such that, if they are examined in isolation, they could lead to misleading interpretation of the nature of the depositional environment if conventional interpretations are used.
A longitudinal study: Affective wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, self‐efficacy and academic performance among first‐year undergraduate students
Authors: Cobo‐Rendón Rubia , Pérez‐Villalobos María V. , Páez‐Rovira Darío , Gracia‐Leiva Marcela 
Published: February 2020

Students’ mental health have a greatest impact on wellbeing and academic performance, also is often affected adaptation to the university life. This study examines the proportion of students with a positive and negative affect balance, and the relationship between affective wellbeing and academic self‐efficacy and performance. It also analyzes how psychological wellbeing and academic self‐efficacy predict affective wellbeing and academic performance. In a sample of 200 undergraduate students (M = 19.07 years), it was found that positive affect decreased and negative affect increased during the second academic year. The majority had a positive affect balance (AB). Psychological wellbeing predicts positive emotions and its achievement dimension predicts academic performance. 53% of participating students maintained a positive AB, 14% maintained a negative AB and 21% went from a negative to a positive AB one. The change from a positive to a negative AB (10%) is associated with an increase in psychological wellbeing, suggesting a process of post‐stress growth in relation to the challenges of university life.
Examining Public Opinion about Abortion: A Mixed‐Methods Systematic Review of Research over the Last 15 Years
Authors: Adamczyk Amy , Kim Chunrye , Dillon Leevia 
Published: February 2020

Although abortion became legal four decades ago, Americans remain staunchly divided over its acceptability. While researchers have been interested in the factors shaping abortion attitudes, there are almost no reviews of this work. We examine the factors shaping Americans’ abortion attitudes and assess the state of published peer‐reviewed articles in this area over the last 15 years. Using a mixed‐methods systematic review, we analyze and critique the findings from 116 journal articles that have examined attitudes about abortion between 2001 and 2016. Among the many predictors and outcomes examined, we show that religion is by far the most utilized statistically significant independent variable, followed by education and income/employment. In addition to examining the factors that shape attitudes, we provide insight into the characteristics of this published work. We offer several suggestions for improving research on this important topic, including a better utilization of social science theory, examining the attitudes of teens, increasing the use of mixed‐methods studies, and drawing on longitudinal data and analyses that consider the influence of the larger context for shaping attitudes.
Museomics reveals extensive cryptic diversity of Australian prionine longhorn beetles with implications for their classification and conservation
Authors: Jin Mengjie , Zwick Andreas , Ślipiński Adam , de Keyzer Roger , Pang Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe combined museum collection genomics and morphology to identify new genera and species, and to otherwise revise the taxonomy of the poorly understood Australian longhorn beetles in the subfamily Prioninae. Moreover, we produced a comprehensive DNA reference library for molecular species identification and a first comprehensive molecular phylogeny for all Australian Prioninae, using mitogenomic data. The Prioninae include some of the world's largest beetles, and their long‐lived larvae are major recyclers of solid dead timber, yet these longhorn beetles are rarely seen in nature due to their concealed habits, short adult lifespans and nocturnal habits. Furthermore, many species are difficult to identify using morphological characters. We applied Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) sequencing to 213 historical museum specimens, representing all morphological types of Australian Prioninae. Complete mitochondrial genomes were obtained for all genera, and at least one mitochondrial protein‐coding gene (PCG) was acquired for an additional 141 specimens of Australian Prioninae. Using molecular species delimitation tools, we identified 48 new species of Australian Prioninae, nearly doubling the number of currently recognized Australian species of Prioninae. We assign generic status toCatypnesPascoe, 1864stat.r.andHermeriusNewman, 1844stat.r., propose a new synonymy forCnemoplitesNewman, 1842 (=ParoplitesLameere, 1903syn.n.), describe six new genera, includingPaulhutchinsoniaJin, de Keyzer & Ślipińskigen.n.,PapunyaJin, de Keyzer & Ślipińskigen.n.,DunmoriumJin, de Keyzer & Ślipińskigen.n.,HagridesJin, de Keyzer & Ślipińskigen.n.,CryptipusJin, de Keyzer & Ślipińskigen.n.,GeoffmonteithiaJin, de Keyzer & Ślipińskigen.n., and revise the tribal composition of the Australian Macrotomini. Moreover, our phylogeny of Prioninae provides valuable new insights into the evolutionary origins and nearest relatives of several Australian endemic taxa. Our results emphasize the importance of natural history museums as a repository for information about biodiversity, and highlight the opportunities associated with using museum specimens as a source for molecular data in phylogenetic studies.
Impact of oxidative stress on the function, abundance, and turnover of the Arabidopsis 80S cytosolic ribosome
Authors: Salih Karzan J. , Duncan Owen , Li Lei , O’Leary Brendan , Fenske Ricarda , Trösch Josua , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYAbiotic stress in plants causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to the need for new protein synthesis to defend against ROS and to replace existing proteins that are damaged by oxidation. Functional plant ribosomes are critical for these activities, however we know little about the impact of oxidative stress on plant ribosome abundance, turnover, and function. Using Arabidopsis cell culture as a model system, we induced oxidative stress using 1 µm of H2O2 or 5 µm menadione to more than halve cell growth rate and limit total protein content. We show that ribosome content on a total cell protein basis decreased in oxidatively stressed cells. However, overall protein synthesis rates on a ribosome abundance basis showed the resident ribosomes retained their function in oxidatively stressed cells. 15N progressive labelling was used to calculate the rate of ribosome synthesis and degradation to track the fate of 62 r‐proteins. The degradation rates and the synthesis rates of most r‐proteins slowed following oxidative stress leading to an ageing population of ribosomes in stressed cells. However, there were exceptions to this trend; r‐protein RPS14C doubled its degradation rate in both oxidative treatments. Overall, we show that ribosome abundance decreases and their age increases with oxidative stress in line with loss of cell growth rate and total cellular protein amount, but ribosome function of the ageing ribosomes appeared to be maintained concomittently with differences in the turnover rate and abundance of specific ribosomal proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012840.
Blood donation amongst people who inject drugs in Australia: research supporting policy change
Authors: Quinn Brendan , Pearson Ruth , Cutts Julia , Seed Clive , Scott Nick , Hoad Veronica , Dietze Paul , Wilson David , Maher Lisa , Thompson Alexander , Farrell Michael , Harrod Mary , Caris Sharon , Pink Joanne , Kotsiou George , Hellard Margaret 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivesUntil recently, people in Australia with a history of injection drug use (IDU) were deferred indefinitely from donating blood. Knowledge gaps regarding policy non‐compliance and the prevalence of blood donation practices amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) precluded changes to this policy. We sought to address these gaps and to estimate the additional risk to Australia’s blood supply associated with changing the indefinite deferral policy to 1 or 5 years since last injecting episode.Materials and methodsData on blood donation amongst PWID were collected from 1853 interviews across two Australian studies of PWID conducted during 2015/16. Mathematical modelling was used to estimate the additional risk of hepatitis C (HCV)‐infected window period collections as a result of changing the deferral policy.ResultsA very few (2–4%) study participants reported ever donating blood after ≥1 IDU episode. Changing the deferral policy from indefinite to 1 or 5 years was estimated to result in an additional 0·00000070 (95%CI: 0·00000033–0·00000165) or 0·00000020 (95%CI: 0·00000008–0·00000041) HCV‐positive window period collections per year, respectively.ConclusionChanging Australia’s indefinite deferral period to 1 or 5 years since last injecting episode poses a negligible increase in the risk of HCV‐infected window period collections from blood donors with a history of IDU. Our results informed a successful submission to the Australian regulator to change the deferral period from indefinite to 5 years since last injecting episode, a policy which came into effect in September 2018.
Complete resection of the alar folds in eight standing horses with a bipolar dividing and vessel‐sealing device
Authors: Kallmyr Airina , Giving Ellen M. , Moen Lars O. , Øverlie Marianne , Holm Therese , David Florent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a resection technique of the alar folds in the standing horse.Study designRetrospective case study.AnimalsEight Standardbred racing trotters.MethodsHorses in which alar fold collapse had been diagnosed between 2017 and 2018 were included in this study. All horses underwent alar fold resection under standing sedation and regional anesthesia with a bipolar electrosurgical open sealer/divider device (LigaSure). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare differences in median prize money earning pre‐surgery and post‐surgery (P < .05).ResultsThe surgical procedure was short (20‐30 min), with minimal (1/8) to no (7/8) bleeding and was well tolerated in all cases. Complete resection of the alar folds along with 3 to 5 cm of the ventral conchal cartilage was achieved. No complications were observed post‐surgery with satisfactory second intention healing, allowing return to training/racing within 3 to 6 weeks post‐surgery in all cases. Median earnings post‐surgery increased (P= .03) compared with pre‐surgery.ConclusionAlar fold resection with bipolar electrosurgical energy offered a good alternative to the traditional surgical approaches performed under general anesthesia. The surgery significantly improved race earnings and performance while avoiding the risk associated with general anesthesia and offered a short and complication‐free rehabilitation period.Clinical impactThis study describes a surgical technique offering a novel approach to resection of the alar folds in the standing horse.
Influence of orthopedic examination on lameness scores and interobserver and intraobserver agreement in dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis
Authors: Aulakh Karanvir S. , Dongaonkar Kaustubh R. , Barnes Katherine , Gines Alberto J. , Bordelon Jude T. , Hulse Don , Aulakh Harmeet K. , Liu Chin‐Chi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of orthopedic examination on numerical rating score (NRS) and visual analog score (VAS) when scoring lameness in dogs with elbow osteoarthritis (OA) and to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver agreement in NRS and VAS on the basis of video‐graphic gait analysis.DesignProspective blinded study.AnimalsEighteen client‐owned dogs with radiographically confirmed elbow OA.MethodsVideos were obtained for all dogs at a walk and at a trot both prior to and immediately after orthopedic examination. All videos were randomly sequenced. Six observers, unaware of the timing of the video, independently assigned both NRS and VAS twice, with at least a 2‐week interval. Scores were evaluated with mixed analysis of variance, and the agreement among observers was accessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsNo difference was detected between NRS and VAS at walk or at trot before and after orthopedic examination. Numeric rating score and VAS at walk were lower than those at trot before an orthopedic examination by scores of 0.17 (P= .0018) and 3.54 (P= .0019), respectively. The ICC for both scores for all observers was >0.9.ConclusionAn orthopedic examination did not exacerbate the NRS and the VAS for dogs with elbow OA. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement was high for both lameness scores.Clinical significanceLameness may be scored after gait evaluation in dogs with elbow OA irrespective of the timing of a comprehensive orthopedic examination.