bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of specialty certification among paediatric hospital nurses
Authors: Lasater Karen B. , Clark Rebecca R. S. , McCabe Margaret A. , Frankenberger Warren D. , Agosto Paula M. , Riman Kathryn A. , Aiken Linda H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate differences in hospitals’ proportion of specialty certified nurses and to determine whether and to what extent individual nurse characteristics and organisational hospital characteristics are associated with a nurse's likelihood of having specialty certification.BackgroundPrior research has shown that patients in hospitals with high proportions of specialty certified nurses have better outcomes including lower mortality and fewer adverse events, yet less is known about what motivates nurses to obtain specialty certification.Methods and designCross‐sectional study of paediatric nurses in 119 acute care hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between individual nurse characteristics, organisational hospital characteristics and an individual nurses’ likelihood of holding a specialty certification. STROBE was followed.ResultsThe proportion of certified nurses varies substantially among hospitals, with Magnet®hospitals being significantly more likely, on average, to have higher proportions of certified nurses. Nurses in children's hospitals were no more likely than paediatric nurses in general hospitals to be certified. A nurse's years of experience and bachelors‐preparation were significantly associated with higher odds of having certification. The strongest predictors of certification were favourable nurse work environments and Magnet®‐designation of the hospital.ConclusionsWhile individual attributes of the nurse were associated with a nurse's likelihood of having a specialty certification, the strongest predictors of certification were modifiable attributes of the hospital—a favourable nurse work environment and Magnet®‐designation.Relevance to clinical practiceHospital administrators seeking to increase the proportion of specialty certified nurses in their organisation should look to improvements in the organisation's nurse work environment as a possible mechanism.
PCSK9 rs11591147 R46L loss‐of‐function variant protects against liver damage in individuals with NAFLD
Authors: Grimaudo Stefania , Bartesaghi Stefano , Rametta Raffaela , Marra Fabio , Margherita Mancina Rosellina , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Kakol‐Palm Dorota , Andréasson Anne‐Christine , Dongiovanni Paola , Ludovica Fracanzani Anna , Lori Giulia , Männistö Ville , Pellegrini Giovanni , Bohlooly‐Y Mohammad , Pennisi Grazia , Maria Pipitone Rosaria , Spagnuolo Rocco , Craxì Antonio , Lindén Daniel , Valenti Luca , Romeo Stefano , Petta Salvatore 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in cholesterol homeostasis, and its inhibition represents an effective therapy to lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels. In this study, we examined the impact of the PCSK9 rs11591147 loss‐of‐function (LOF) variant on liver damage in a multicenter collection of patients at risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in clinical samples and experimental models.MethodsWe considered 1874 consecutive individuals at risk of NASH as determined by histology. The SNP rs11591147, encoding for the p.R46L variant of PCSK9, was genotyped by TaqMan assays. We also evaluated 1) PCSK9 mRNA hepatic expression in human liver, and 2) the impact of a NASH‐inducing diet in mice with hepatic overexpression of human PCSK9.ResultsCarriers of PCSK9 rs11591147 had lower circulating LDL‐C levels and were protected against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.22‐0.81; P = .01), NASH (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.26‐0.87; P = .01) and more severe fibrosis (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32‐0.94; P = .03) independently of clinical, metabolic and genetic confounding factors. PCSK9 hepatic expression was directly correlated with liver steatosis (P = .03). Finally, liver‐specific overexpression of human PCSK9 in male mice drives NAFLD and fibrosis upon a dietary challenge.ConclusionsIn individuals at risk of NASH, PCSK9 was induced with hepatic fat accumulation and PCSK9 rs11591147 LOF variant was protective against liver steatosis, NASH and fibrosis, suggesting that PCSK9 inhibition may be a new therapeutic strategy to treat NASH.
Tyrosine in the hinge region of the pore‐forming motif regulates oligomeric β‐barrel pore formation by Vibrio cholerae cytolysin
Authors: Mondal Anish Kumar , Verma Paras , Sengupta Nayanika , Dutta Somnath , Bhushan Pandit Shashi , Chattopadhyay Kausik 
Published: October 2020

Abstractβ‐barrel pore‐forming toxins perforate cell membranes by forming oligomeric β‐barrel pores. The most crucial step is the membrane‐insertion of the pore‐forming motifs that create the transmembrane β‐barrel scaffold. Molecular mechanism that regulates structural reorganization of these pore‐forming motifs during β‐barrel pore‐formation still remains elusive. Using Vibrio cholerae cytolysin as an archetypical example of the β‐barrel pore‐forming toxin, we show that a key tyrosine residue (Y321) in the hinge region of the pore‐forming motif plays crucial role in this process. Mutation of Y321 abrogates oligomerization of the membrane‐bound toxin protomers, and blocks subsequent steps of pore‐formation. Our study suggests that the presence of Y321 in the hinge region of the pore‐forming motif is crucial for the toxin molecule to sense membrane‐binding, and to trigger essential structural rearrangements required for the subsequent oligomerization and pore‐formation process. Such a regulatory mechanism of pore‐formation by V. cholerae cytolysin has not been documented earlier in the structurally related β‐barrel pore‐forming toxins.
Impact of different syringe pumps on red cells during paediatric simulated transfusion
Authors: Pardo Larissa Perez , Peterlini Maria Angélica Sorgini , Tume Lyvonne Nicole , Pedreira Mavilde Luz Gonçalves 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients frequently need blood transfusions. For safety, blood must be delivered via syringe infusion pumps, yet this can cause red cell damage and increase the rate of haemolysis.Aims and objectivesTo evaluate biochemical and haemolytic markers of red blood cells transfused in three different types of syringe infusion pumps at two different infusion rates (10 and 100 mL/h).Design and MethodsA lab‐based study using aliquots of 16 red blood cell bags was undertaken. Haemolysis markers (total haemoglobin [g/dL], haematocrit [%], free haemoglobin [g/dL], potassium [mmol/L], lactate dehydrogenase [U/L], osmolality [mOsm/kg], pH, degree of haemolysis [%]) were measured before and after red blood cell infusion and exposure. Three different syringe infusion pumps brands (A, B, and C) were compared at two different infusion rates (10 and 100 mL/h).ResultsTotal haemoglobin fell significantly in all red blood cell units during manipulation (pre‐infusion: 26.44 ± 5.74; post‐exposure: 22.62 ± 4.00; P = .026). The degree of haemolysis significantly increased by 40% after manipulation of the red blood cells. Syringe infusion pump A caused a 3‐fold increase in potassium levels (3.78 ± 6.10) when compared with B (−0.14 ± 1.46) and C (1.63 ± 1.98) (P = .015). This pump also produced the worst changes, with an increase in free haemoglobin (0.05 ± 0.05; P = .038) and more haemolysis (0.08 ± 0.07; P = .033). There were significant differences and an increase in the degree of haemolysis (P = .004) at the infusion rate of 100 mL/h.ConclusionsSyringe infusion pumps may cause significant red blood cell damage during infusion, with increases in free haemoglobin, potassium, and the degree of haemolysis. Some pump types, with a cassette mechanism, caused more damage.Relevance to clinical practiceIn many intensive care units, bedside nurses are able to consider infusion pump choice, and understanding the impact of different pump types on red blood cells during a transfusion provides the nurses with more information to enhance decision‐making and improve the quality of the transfusion.
Systematic review of family engagement interventions in neonatal, paediatric, and adult ICUs
Authors: McAndrew Natalie S. , Jerofke‐Owen Teresa , Fortney Christine A. , Costa Deena K. , Hetland Breanna , Guttormson Jill , Harding Eric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate interventions that have been used to engage families in direct care activities (active family engagement) in adult, paediatric, and neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) settings.BackgroundFamily engagement is universally advocated across ICU populations and practice settings; however, appraisal of the active family engagement intervention literature remains limited.Search strategyOvid Medline, PsycArticles & PsycInfo, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for family interventions that involved direct care of the patient to enhance the psychological, physical, or emotional well‐being of the patient or family in neonatal, paediatric, or adult ICUs.Inclusion/exclusion criteriaStudies were included if an active family engagement intervention was evaluated. Studies were excluded if they were not published in English or reported non‐interventional research.ResultsA total of 6210 abstracts were screened and 19 studies were included. Most studies were of low to moderate quality and were conducted in neonatal ICUs within the United States. Intervention dosage and frequency varied widely across studies. The interventions focused on developmental care (neonatal ICU) and involved families in basic patient care. Family member outcomes measured included satisfaction, stress, family‐centred care, confidence, anxiety, and depression. Most studies found improvements in one or more outcomes.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of literature about active family engagement interventions, especially in adult and paediatric populations. The optimal dosage and frequency of family engagement interventions remains unknown. Our systematic review found that data are limited on the relationship between family engagement and patient outcomes, and provides a timely appraisal to guide future research.Relevance to Clinical PracticeFurther research on the efficacy of family engagement interventions is warranted. The translation of active family engagement interventions into clinical practice should also be supported.
The 6S‐model for person‐centred palliative care: A theoretical framework
Authors: Österlind Jane , Henoch Ingela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPalliative care is provided at a certain timepoint, both in a person's life and in a societal context. What is considered to be a good death can therefore vary over time depending on prevailing social values and norms, and the person's own view and interpretation of life. This means that there are many interpretations of what a good death can actually mean for an individual. On a more general level, research in palliative care shows that individuals have basic common needs, for example physical, mental, social and spiritual well‐being. Therefore, in today's pluralistic Western society, it becomes important that palliative care is person centred to enable individuals to receive, as far as can be achieved, care that promotes as good a life as possible based on the person's own needs and preferences, and in accordance with evidence and current laws. For many years a research group, consisting nurse researchers together with nurses working in palliative care, has developed a model for person‐centred palliative care, the 6S‐model. The model's central concept is Self‐image, where the starting point is the patient as a person and their own experience of the situation. The other concepts: Self‐determination, Symptom relief, Social relationships, Synthesis and Strategies are all related to the patient's self‐image, and often to each other. The model's development, value base and starting assumptions are reported here, as are examples of how the model is applied in palliative care in Sweden. The model has been, and still is, constantly evolving in a collaboration between researchers and clinically active nurses, and in recent years also with patients and close relatives.
Diapause induction in Eotetranychus smithi (Acari: Tetranychidae): effect of average temperature, but not of thermoperiod
Authors: Takano Yujiro , Goto Shin G. , Gotoh Tetsuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFacultative diapause of Eotetranychus smithi appears to occur at the egg stage and is induced by temperatures ≤17.5 °C, independent of photoperiod. However, the effect of thermoperiod on the induction of diapause remains unclear. To answer this question, we exposed female E. smithi to various thermoperiods under constant light conditions. First, we found that the deposition order of eggs affected the incidence of diapause: the first eggs (exclusively males) tended to avert diapause compared with the second and third eggs (most of them are females), possibly because of the sex of the eggs. Next, the incidence of diapause of the second eggs decreased with shortening of the cryophase, which was associated with an increase of the average temperature, and it showed clear long‐day‐type thermoperiodic response curves. However, this species does not sense the ratio of day (thermophase) to night (cryophase) of a given thermoperiod. Short thermoperiods did not increase the incidence of diapause, but rather precluded the entry into diapause. We detected no sign of the involvement of the circadian system in diapause induction in the thermoperiodic Nanda–Hamner protocol. We conclude that diapause induction of E. smithi does not involve the circadian system, and thus does not show thermoperiodism. Diapause induction under the various thermoperiodic conditions tested in the present study appears to be derived from the temperature itself. E. smithi is an exceptional species that relies on temperature alone to induce diapause.
Different drought resistance mechanisms between two buckwheat speciesFagopyrum esculentumandFagopyrum tataricum
Authors: Aubert Lauranne , Konrádová Daniela , Barris Selma , Quinet Muriel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater availability is one of the main factors affecting crop production and the occurrence of drought periods is expected to increase in the context of ongoing climate change. We investigated the impact of water stress on two pseudocereal species, common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions under two water regimes: control (40–50% soil humidity) and water stress (<20% soil humidity). Although closely related, both species differed by their resistance to water stress. The vegetative growth was affected inF. esculentumbut not inF. tataricumas water stress decreased leaf production, leaf fresh, and dry weight, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthesis rate in the former but not in the latter. However, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not affected by water stress, whatever the species, and the chlorophyll content increased in water‐stressed plants in both species. Oxidative stress was observed in both species in response to water stress, and antioxidant content was increased inF. tataricum. The reproductive phase was affected by water stress in both species: the number of inflorescences and pollen production decreased, mainly inF. esculentum. Seed set was maintained inF. tataricumwhile this parameter was not investigated inF. esculentumdue to its self‐incompatibility. Our results suggested thatF. tataricumwas more resistant to water stress thanF. esculentumand thatF. esculentumhad characteristics of drought avoidance, whileF. tataricumexhibited traits of drought tolerance.
Professional action in global wealth chains
Authors: Christensen Rasmus Corlin , Seabrooke Leonard , Wigan Duncan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article provides a framework for explaining professional action in multi‐jurisdictional tax and finance environments, focusing on how relationships between clients, professionals, and regulators shape market structures. Given the complexity of tax and financial regulations within and across national systems, professionals experienced in accounting, financial, legal, and policy systems have opportunities to engage to increase information asymmetries rather than lower them. This article draws on the recent literature on Global Wealth Chains to theorize how professionals develop action profiles to exploit opportunity structures through information gaps. We develop a theoretical framework for understanding how professionals may intentionally, and as a matter of strategy, exploit information gaps in different socio‐economic contexts. We provide case vignettes of client‐professional‐regulator relationships in multi‐jurisdictional tax and finance management, highlighting how professional action shapes wealth chains and attempts at regulatory intervention. Our theoretical contribution is to link micro‐level interactions to macro‐level structures of wealth creation and protection in the transnational economic and legal order.
Viscoelastic monitoring in trauma resuscitation
Authors: Sayce Andrew C. , Neal Matthew D. , Leeper Christine M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic injury results in both physical and physiologic insult. Successful care of the trauma patient depends upon timely correction of both physical and biochemical injury. Trauma‐induced coagulopathy is a derangement of hemostasis and thrombosis that develops rapidly and can be fatal if not corrected. Viscoelastic monitoring (VEM) assays have been developed to provide rapid, accurate, and relatively comprehensive depictions of an individual's coagulation profile. VEM are increasingly being integrated into trauma resuscitation guidelines to provide dynamic and individualized guidance to correct coagulopathy.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a narrative review of the search terms viscoelastic, thromboelastography, thromboelastometry, TEG, ROTEM, trauma, injury, resuscitation, and coagulopathy using PubMed. Particular focus was directed to articles describing algorithms for management of traumatic coagulopathy based on VEM assay parameters.ResultsOur search identified 16 papers with VEM‐guided resuscitation strategies in adult patients based on TEG, 12 such protocols in adults based on ROTEM, 1 protocol for children based on TEG, and 2 protocols for children based on ROTEM.ConclusionsThis review presents evidence to support VEM use to detect traumatic coagulopathy, discusses the role of VEM in trauma resuscitation, provides a summary of proposed treatment algorithms, and discusses pending questions in the field.
Global survey of transfusion medicine curricula in medical schools: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Louw Vernon J. , Indrikovs Alexander J. , Nedelcu Elena , Bakhtary Sara , Eichbaum Quentin G. , Smit Sibinga Cees Th ,   The Education Subcommittee of the AABB Global Transfusion Forum
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysicianʼs knowledge in transfusion medicine (TM) is critical for patient safety. Therefore, ensuring that medical schools provide adequate education in TM is important. The aim of this study was to assess the status of TM education at a global level.Study Design and MethodsA comprehensive anonymous survey to assess TM education in existing medical school curricula was developed. The survey was distributed to deans and educational leads of medical schools in a range of low‐, medium‐, high‐, and very high–human development index (HDI) countries. It included 20 questions designed to assess specific domains including structure of TM curriculum and teaching faculty.ResultsThe response rate was 53%. The majority of responding schools from very‐high–HDI countries offered a 6‐year curriculum after high school or a 4‐year curriculum after college education, whereas most schools from medium‐HDI countries offered a 5‐year medical curriculum. A formal teaching program was available in only 42% of these schools in contrast to 94% of medical schools from very high‐HDI. Overall, 25% of all medical schools did not offer structured TM teaching. When offered, most TM teaching was mandatory (95%) and integrated within the third and fourth year of medical school. Formal assessment of TM knowledge was done in 72% of all responding medical schools. More than half of the deans considered the TM education in their medical schools as inadequate.ConclusionDespite its limitations, the current survey highlights significant gaps and opportunities of TM education at a global scale.
Computational Study of 16 kWth Furnace Cofired Using Pulverized Bituminous Coal and Liquified Petroleum Gas Operated in Un-Staged and Air-Staged Conditions
Authors: Sahu Nitesh Kumar , Kumar Mayank , Dewan Anupam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a computational study on air-fuel combustion of bituminous coal and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) in a 16 kWth test facility with a coflow-swirl burner. The performance of three turbulence models is investigated for the furnace operated under both air-staged and un-staged conditions by comparing their predictions with the reported measurements of temperature and species concentrations. This comparison shows that the shear stress transport (SST) k–ω model and SST k–ω model with low-Re correction predict the profiles of temperature and species concentrations reasonably well, but significantly underpredict the temperature in the furnace core at axial locations away from the burner. On the other hand, the transition SST k–ω model provides better overall congruency with the measured temperature and species concentrations when compared with the other turbulence models used, as indicated by relatively higher values of the Pearson correlation coefficient at locations away from the burner. The present high-fidelity computational model developed is also capable of accurately simulating the effect of coal particle size on the furnace environment, which is verified by the match between the computational predictions and the experimental results for two different sized coal samples. The model is also used to investigate the effect of coal particle size on the internal recirculation zone (IRZ) and the reattachment length (LR) for the same inlet swirl number (SN). A decrease of nearly 50% in the coal sample size results in the increase of LR and IRZ length by 20% and 82.6%, respectively.
The Power Reclamation of Utilizing Micro-Hydro Turbines in the Aeration Basins of Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Hasan Alaa , Salem Abdel Rahman , Hadi Ahmad Abdel , Qandil Mohammad , Amano Ryoichi S. , Alkhalidi Ammar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Upgrading the aeration basin technology can improve the oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE), while keeping the energy consumption at its minimum level. Therefore, this paper introduces a new idea of installing micro-propeller turbines in the aeration basin of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to extract power from the high-velocity location in the water column. This extracted power can be used to operate a mixer at the top of the membrane to induce the mixing in that region, which will drive the less oxygenated wastewater into the water column. The rest of the extracted power will rotate microturbine rotors for electric power generation. By applying the proposed microturbines to the 13 audited facilities, it was demonstrated to achieve a gross annual energy-savings of 3,836.9 MWh, a gross annual cost-saving of $260,497, and total CO2 emissions that would be reduced by 2,714 metric tons/year. Generally, the addition of the proposed microturbines can save up to 15.7% of the annual plant electricity consumption (1.3–12.8% of the plant annual electricity bills).