bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histology, 12p status, and IMP3 expression separate subtypes in testicular teratomas
Authors: Semjén Dávid , Bíró Krisztina , Kapitány Emese , Kálmán Endre , Tornóczky Tamás , Kajtár Béla 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Two types of testicular teratomas are distinguished by the current WHO classification. Prepubertal-type teratomas are benign, while postpubertal-type teratomas are considered malignant with metastatic potential, and are associated with germ cell neoplasia in situ. Prepubertal-type cases have been reported in the adult testis potentially causing confusion and overtreatment. Demonstration of the absence of 12p abnormalities with fluorescence in situ hybridization may facilitate diagnosis. Recently, IMP3 has emerged as a potential marker of malignancy in this context.

Aims
The aim of this study was to assess histological characteristics, IMP3 expression and the presence of 12p abnormalities of pure testicular teratomas.

Results
Thirty-seven cases were studied, 7 patients were children and 30 were adults. Six out of 7 pediatric cases showed no 12p abnormality and were IMP3 positive. Seventy-four percent and 79% of adult cases showed 12p abnormalities and IMP3 expression, respectively. Negative cases were not associated with in situ neoplasia or metastasis, they were smaller (mean, 14 vs 39 mm), showed less histological diversity (2.4 vs 4.0 types of tissues on average) compared to positive cases.

Conclusion
Our study provides further evidence that prepubertal-type (type I) teratomas may appear in adult testes, thus teratomas in adults may be either benign (type I) or malignant (type II). IMP3 expression may aid the distinction between type I and type II teratomas of the postpubertal testis even when GCNIS and 12p status cannot be assessed.
Cochleaimplantate bei Kindern
Authors: Auinger Alice B. , Gstöttner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Österreich kommen 1–2 Kinder von 1000 mit einer hochgradigen Hörstörung zur Welt. Durch die Einführung des Neugeborenenhörscreenings wurde das Diagnosealter signifikant gesenkt. Eine frühzeitige Hörgeräteversorgung mit Frühförderung ist nicht nur unabdingbar für die weitere Sprachentwicklung, sondern auch für die Entwicklung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit. Bei ausbleibendem Erfolg einer optimalen Hörgeräteversorgung stellt sich die Indikation zur Implantation eines Cochleaimplantats (CI), die bevorzugt im ersten Lebensjahr erfolgt, um eine normale Sprachentwicklung zu ermöglichen. Die präoperative Diagnostik umfasst schnittbildgebende Verfahren, um Fehlbildungen des Innenohrs sowie der zentralen Strukturen zu erfassen, die in vielen Fällen keine Kontraindikation für ein CI darstellen. Die Operation ist sehr sicher und seltene Komplikationen wie Wundinfektionen oder Wundheilungsstörungen sind gut therapierbar. Einen großen Stellenwert nimmt die postoperative Rehabilitation ein. Regelmäßige Einstellungen des Sprachprozessors und HNO-ärztliche Kontrollen sowie die Einbindung des sozialen Umfelds gewährleisten den Hörerfolg mit dem Implantat.
Generische Strukturierung von Sicherheitsnachweisen von Fahrcomputern für automatisierte Fahrzeugsysteme des Level 3
Authors: Schnieder L. , Hosse R. S. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung sicherheitsrelevanter elektronischer Steuerungssysteme für automatisierte Fahrzeugsysteme des Level 3 ist eine komplexe und anspruchsvolle Entwurfs- und Nachweisaufgabe. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, dass eine erfolgreiche Entwicklung sicherheitsrelevanter elektronischer Steuerungssysteme für Kraftfahrzeuge ein gegenläufiger Prozess ist. Top-Down-Entwurfsvorgaben im Sinne einer Vorgabe konkreter Sicherheitsanforderungsstufen können zumeist erst bei der Entwicklung einer konkreten Anwendung auf Fahrzeugebene getroffen werden. Um die Innovationsdynamik in der Automobilindustrie nicht zu hemmen, sind auch „Bottom-up“ entstehende generische Produkte und Anwendungen mit wohl dokumentierten Annahmen erforderlich. Dieser Beitrag stellt Anforderungen an generische Sicherheitsnachweise auf und zeigt, wie diese über das Konzept „sicherheitsbezogener Anwendungsregeln“ miteinander bruchlos verknüpft werden können. Grundlage hierfür ist ein eindeutig definierter Anwendungskontext sowie eine verbindlich festgelegte Systemdefinition. Hierfür wird gezeigt, welchen Beitrag die Verwendung einer semi-formalen Notation für die generische Strukturierung funktionaler Sicherheitsanforderungen von Fahrcomputern für automatisierte Fahrzeugsysteme des Level 3 leisten kann.
Laying the foundation for smart contract development: an integrated engineering process model
Authors: Sillaber Christian , Waltl Bernhard , Treiblmaier Horst , Gallersdörfer Ulrich , Felderer Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSmart contracts are seen as the major building blocks for future autonomous blockchain- and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)-based applications. Engineering such contracts for trustless, append-only, and decentralized digital ledgers allows mutually distrustful parties to transform legal requirements into immutable and formalized rules. Previous experience shows this to be a challenging task due to demanding socio-technical ecosystems and the specificities of decentralized ledger technology. In this paper, we therefore develop an integrated process model for engineering DLT-based smart contracts that accounts for the specificities of DLT. This model was iteratively refined with the support of industry experts. The model explicitly accounts for the immutability of the trustless, append-only, and decentralized DLT ecosystem, and thereby overcomes certain limitations of traditional software engineering process models. More specifically, it consists of five successive and closely intertwined phases: conceptualization, implementation, approval, execution, and finalization. For each phase, the respective activities, roles, and artifacts are identified and discussed in detail. Applying such a model when engineering smart contracts will help software engineers and developers to better understand and streamline the engineering process of DLTs in general and blockchain in particular. Furthermore, this model serves as a generic framework which will support application development in all fields in which DLT can be applied.
A data-driven approach for predicting printability in metal additive manufacturing processes
Authors: Mycroft William , Katzman Mordechai , Tammas-Williams Samuel , Hernandez-Nava Everth , Panoutsos George , Todd Iain , Kadirkamanathan Visakan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing technologies offer numerous benefits to the manufacturing industry. However, the current approach to printability analysis, determining which components are likely to build unsuccessfully, prior to manufacture, is based on ad-hoc rules and engineering experience. Consequently, to allow full exploitation of the benefits of additive manufacturing, there is a demand for a fully systematic approach to the problem. In this paper we focus on the impact of geometry in printability analysis. For the first time, we detail a machine learning framework for determining the geometric limits of printability in additive manufacturing processes. This framework consists of three main components. First, we detail how to construct strenuous test artefacts capable of pushing an additive manufacturing process to its limits. Secondly, we explain how to measure the printability of an additively manufactured test artefact. Finally, we construct a predictive model capable of estimating the printability of a given artefact before it is additively manufactured. We test all steps of our framework, and show that our predictive model approaches an estimate of the maximum performance obtainable due to inherent stochasticity in the underlying additive manufacturing process.
Quality of life and mental health in adolescent users of oral contraceptives. Results from the nationwide, representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)
Authors: Lewandowski Sabina Klara , Duttge Gunnar , Meyer Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
Using data from the nationwide, cross-sectional KiGGS (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) study, we investigated whether hormonal contraception in adolescents aged 15 to 17 years was linked to health-related quality of life and mental health problems.

Methods
Study participants had undergone standardized recordings of blood pressure and measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Quality of life was assessed by self- and parent-rated KINDL-R questionnaires, whereas mental health problems were screened by means of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results
Self-rated quality of life was similar between users (n = 522) and non-users (n = 1173, 69.2%) of oral contraceptives (69.2 ± 11.2 vs. 69.2 ± 11.0, p = 0.943), as was the parent-rated version (72.9 ± 10.6 vs. 72.9 ± 10.5, p = 0.985). Likewise, no significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to both self- (10.9 ± 4.4 vs. 10.8 ± 4.6, p = 0.732) and parent-rated SDQ scores (7.2 ± 4.8 vs. 7.0 ± 4.6. p = 0.390). However, serum 25(OH)D (59.5 ± 32.9 vs. 46.1 ± 28.0 nmol/L, p < 0.001) and mean arterial blood pressure (88.2 ± 7.4 vs. 86.5 ± 7.7 mmHg, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in users than in non-users. There was a trend towards a higher rate of psychotropic drug prescription in participants taking oral contraceptive pills as compared to those not receiving hormonal contraception (17.8% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.052). A series of linear regression models with either KINDL-R or SDQ as dependent variable confirmed that there were no associations between components of mental well-being and contraceptive drug use, irrespective of whether self- or parent-ratings were included in these models.

Conclusions
In a large, representative sample of German adolescents, exposure to exogenous contraceptive hormones was associated with higher arterial blood pressure and serum 25(OH)D concentration, whereas hormonal contraception was not linked to health-related quality of life or mental well-being.
Improving constant-volume simulations of undrained behaviour in DEM
Authors: Keishing Joel , Hanley Kevin J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to simulate undrained conditions using the discrete element method, a constant sample volume is often assumed. There are well-recognised problems with these constant-volume triaxial simulations, particularly of dense samples, which inhibit quantitative comparison with laboratory experiments. In this paper, four possible explanations for these problems with conventional constant-volume simulations of ideal spherical particles are explored, each of which has a physical basis: particle crushing, the presence of highly compressible air within the sample, or the reduction in stiffness due to particle surface asperities or non-spherical particle shapes. These options are explored independently and in combination through implementation in the open-source LAMMPS code. In situations where a significant amount of particle crushing occurs, it is important to incorporate this in the simulations so that stresses are not over-estimated. There is experimental evidence that irregular particles have lower Young’s moduli than the Hertzian spheres often used in DEM. In the absence of particle crushing, the most effective method to achieve more realistic stress–strain responses is to reduce the particle shear modulus substantially. This approach has the added computational benefit of enabling an increase in the simulation time-step.
History, extensive characterization and challenge of anti-tetanus serum from World War I: exciting remnants and deceived hopes
Authors: Aubert Nicolas , Brachet-Botineau Marie , de Olivera Preto Giulia Emi , Benz-de Bretagne Isabelle , Watier Hervé , Brachet Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
During World War I (WWI), infectious diseases including tetanus were among the most important causes of death. Even though its efficacy was somewhat controversial before the war, tetanus antiserum played a key role in reducing the mortality of this disease. A vial of tetanus antiserum dating back from WWI, left behind on the French battlefield by the US Army, was borrowed from a private collection and opened. The serum contained within was characterized by orthogonal biochemical techniques to determine if any neutralizing IgGs could remain after 100 years of storage. In vitro analysis by Size Exclusion Chromatography and Serum Protein Electrophoresis suggested the presence of residual IgG. In spite of our hopes, these IgGs were not able to protect mice against tetanus toxin challenge in a neutralizing assay. Even though our results indicate the presence of remaining IgGs inside the serum, they were functionally disabled. These results show that obscurity alone is insufficient to protect IgGs from degradation over very long periods of time at room temperature.

Highlights

Tetanus antiserum found its place in the therapeutic arsenal during World War I

A century-old vial of tetanus antiserum was opened for biochemical and in vivo characterization

Biochemical assays revealed the presence of proteins having all the characteristics of IgGs

The serum was unable to protect mice against toxinic challenge
FROM THE OTHER SIDE: FEMINIST AESTHETICS IN AUSTRALIAN MUSICOLOGY
Authors: Goh Talisha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rise of new musicology and feminist music criticism in the 1980s prompted a rethinking of gender in Australian art music spheres and resulted in over a decade of advocacy on behalf of women music makers. Local musicological publications began to cover feminist concerns from the late 1980s, with a focus on composing women. Catalysed by the proliferation of feminist musicology internationally in the 1990s, a series of women's music festivals were held around Australia from 1991–2001 and accompanied by conferences, symposia and special-issue publications. Aesthetic concerns were at the forefront of this debate as women musicologists and practitioners were divided on the existence of a gendered aesthetic and the implications this might have. This article examines the major feminist aesthetic contributions and debates at the time and how these considerations have impacted music-making practices, with particular reference to women composers of new music.
TEACHING TERTIARY MUSIC IN THE #METOO ERA
Authors: Devenish Louise , Sun Cecilia , Hope Cat , Tomlinson Vanessa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades significant changes in approaches to gender equity have taken place in the fields of contemporary music and music research. However, women in music are still disadvantaged in terms of income, inclusion and professional opportunities. In Australia a national approach to improving gender equity in music has begun to emerge as once-controversial strategies trialled by four tertiary institutions have become established practices. This article discusses successful inclusion strategies for women in music, including the commitment to gender-balanced programming across all concerts at Queensland Conservatorium of Music by 2025, the introduction of mandatory quotas in recital programmes at Monash University, mentoring programmes for women composers at Sydney Conservatorium of Music, and the development of coursework devoted to women in music at The University of Western Australia, as well as other initiatives that have emerged from them, both within and beyond the institution. Each approach is examined in the context of broader global discussions around gender and feminism. The public willingness to engage in discussions over sexual harassment, sexual assault and gender discrimination in the workplace that has resulted from the #MeToo movement is cited as key in influencing the engagement of students and professionals with these strategies and subsequent influence on performance practices, project development and presentational formats in new music.
RECLAIMING THE PERFORMER'S VOICE AND BODY IN MUSICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Green Phoebe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe most prevalent model of musical analysis goes straight from score to sound, without reference to decisions – planned or impromptu – made by the performer as they perform the score. Since 2000 performance analysis by, among others, Nicholas Cook and John Rink, has sought to bridge this gap by analysing performances of works, yet the performer's voice is still absent. Catherine Costello Hirata and Dora Hanninen attempted to capture more experiential qualities in their approach to analysis, yet here too the performer is unable to contribute. There is growing discourse featuring performers speaking about their creative process, however this is generally not framed in a formal analytical space. This article examines the landscape of musical analysis as new models emerge for analysis of the score in its performed realm. It builds on research that presented a formal performance analysis of a score in the context of a performance, and extends the model and ideas expressed to reclaim a space for the performer's experience of a score in musical analysis.
PIXERCISE: PICCOLO PERFORMANCE PRACTICE, EXERCISE AND FEMALE BODY IMAGE
Authors: Williams Kathryn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPIXERCISE (2017–) is an open-ended collaborative work written by Kathryn Williams and Annie Hui-Hsin Hsieh. The piece involves an ongoing process of physical training, and in performance combines specially tailored physical exercises with piccolo performance. This article describes the unusual composition, preparation, and performance of this work and is concerned with exploring the shifting collaborative relationship. It also explores some of the aesthetic and social ideas that motivated the piece and have emerged through critical reflection and have been further incorporated, including the process of self-improvement and overcoming expressed as a performance artwork; entanglements between physical transformation through exercise; attitudes to female-body image and exercise; and how this piece connects with a growing tradition of experimental musical performance practice and performance art.
Economics is whatever the comparative advantage of economists is: a comment on Leeson (2020)
Authors: Murphy Ryan H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLeeson (2020) objects to the conflation of economics with applied econometrics, and argues that economics instead should be thought of as the implications of the assumption that individuals maximize, i.e. rational choice theory. But, narrowly defining economics in terms of method demands that we ignore alternative theoretical frameworks which potentially hold explanatory power about topics thought of as economics, all for the sake of a definition. I suggest that applying rational choice theory and applying econometrics became the comparative advantage for economists relative to other social scientists by accidents of history. These comparative advantages largely persist. It is reasonable to call applications of both rational choice theory and econometrics to topics outside conventional economic topics ‘economics’ simply because these applications remain the comparative advantage of economists.
The Effects of Self-Control on Glucose Utilization in a	Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Glucose Clamp
Authors: Zahn Daniela , Gomille Lara K. , Grammes Jennifer , Gottschling Patricia , Fottner Christian , Weber Matthias M. , Wenzel Mario , Kubiak Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Background. The glucose hypothesis of self-control posits that acts of self-control may draw upon glucose as a source of energy, leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels after exerting self-control, mirroring the temporary depletion of self-control, but supporting evidence is mixed and inconclusive. This might partly be due to using methods that are not suitable to reliably quantify glucose utilization. Aims. We aimed at examining whether self-control exertion leads to an increase in glucose utilization. Method. In a sample of N = 30 healthy participants (50% women, age 26.5 ± 3.5 years) we combined a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp (a well-established and validated procedure in experimental endocrinology to reliably quantify systemic glucose utilization) with a standard self-control dual-task paradigm. In the first task, the experimental group completed a variation of a paper-and-pencil crossing out letter task (COLT) that demanded self-control; the control group completed a variation of the COLT that did not demand self-control. The second task for both groups was a computerized two-color word Stroop which demanded self-control. Results. We did not find a significant main effect for time, nor a time × group interaction with respect to glucose utilization, which indicates that glucose utilization did not differ significantly over time or between groups. Limitations. Due to the time-consuming and complicated clamp method, our sample was rather small. Conclusion. Our results revealed little evidence for the notion that self-control efforts are associated with a relevant increase in peripheral glucose utilization.
Patient Prototypes
Authors: Houlihan Amy E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Despite large bodies of research examining perceptions of illnesses and perceptions of people who engage in various health behaviors, very little research has examined perceptions of people who have a specific illness. The aims of this research were to create a measure of “patient prototypes,” mental representations of the type of person who has a specific illness, and to examine their associations with other health cognitions and behaviors. Two survey studies (Study 1: N = 208 and Study 2: N = 246) assessed patient prototype favorability for three illnesses (skin cancer, Human papillomavirus (HPV), and type 2 diabetes) as well as constructs from the common-sense model and prototype willingness model. Patient prototypes for the three illnesses were distinct in terms of specific traits and overall favorability. Generally, patient prototype favorability was unrelated to illness representation dimensions in the common-sense model but was positively associated with some constructs in the prototype/willingness model. All three prototypes were positively correlated with perceived vulnerability. The skin cancer prototype was positively correlated with measures of behavioral willingness, behavioral intention, and actual health behavior (UV exposure). Limitations include the use of young adult participants who have relatively little experience with the illnesses examined. Measures of patient prototype favorability and health behaviors need to be further examined and refined. The novel construct of patient prototype favorability provides a foundation for future inquiry into the role that patient perceptions play in health behavior and the implications for the prototype/willingness model and the common-sense model.
A Multi‐Instrument Approach to Determining the Source‐Region Extent of EEP‐Driving EMIC Waves
Authors: Hendry A. T. , Santolik O. , Miyoshi Y. , Matsuoka A. , Rodger C. J. , Clilverd M. A. , Kletzing C. A. , Shoji M. , Shinohara I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen debate regarding the ability of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves to drive EEP (energetic electron precipitation) into the Earth's atmosphere. Questions still remain regarding the energies and rates at which these waves are able to interact with electrons. Many studies have attempted to characterize these interactions using simulations; however, these are limited by a lack of precise information regarding the spatial scale size of EMIC activity regions. In this study we examine a fortuitous simultaneous observation of EMIC wave activity by the RBSP‐B and Arase satellites in conjunction with ground‐based observations of EEP by a subionospheric VLF network. We describe a simple method for determining the longitudinal extent of the EMIC source region based on these observations, calculating a width of 0.75 hr MLT and a drift rate of 0.67 MLT/hr. We describe how this may be applied to other similar EMIC wave events.