bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of leadership styles in occupational therapy practice
Authors: Hitch Danielle , Lhuede Kate , Giles Susan , Low Robyn , Cranwell Kathryn , Stefaniak Rachel 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Leadership is a critical topic in healthcare because of its influence on direction and culture. This study aims to measure perceptions of leadership styles amongst occupational therapy clinicians. The study also sought to identify any significant differences between the perceptions of clinician groups, compare findings with established norms and explore associations between leadership styles and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross sectional, descriptive study method was used, using the multifactor leadership questionnaire 5X (MLQ-5X) to survey occupational therapists working in physical and mental health clinical services in Australia. Descriptive statistics were used to address the aims of this study.

Findings
A number of significant differences in leadership perceptions were identified between junior and senior clinicians, however, very few differences were detected between the physical and mental health settings. The scores provided by participants were consistently lower than those reported for geographically relevant norms, with the majority on or close to the 40th percentile. A significant relationship was found between transformative leadership and outcomes, and a strong relationship between contingent reward and outcomes. However, the negative relationships between other leadership styles and outcomes reported in other studies were not found.

Research limitations/implications
Transformational leadership, and some aspects of transactional leadership, are used in occupational therapy. The career stage has an impact on how leadership behaviours are perceived. The MLQ-5X could enable a consistent approach to research into healthcare leadership, and the exploration of whether these findings are generalisable beyond the Australian context.

Practical implications
Career stage may be a more significant influence on leadership perception than service setting, and efforts to develop leadership in occupational therapy should focus on both transformative and transactional leadership. Perceptions of occupational leadership from all areas of the workforce are important to understand, given their potential impact on workplace behaviour, career progression, recruitment and retention.

Originality/value
This study is a partial replication of a previous study conducted in the USA, being the first to use the MLQ-5X with the Australian occupational therapy workforce. As such, it consolidates the existing evidence base in this area and also enables international comparisons of findings.
Leadership skills essential in the value-based care era
Authors: Cornell Tatiana 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the primary executive leadership skills required to promote the effectiveness of Medicare Shared Savings Program Accountable Care Organizations (MSSP ACOs) and to create a new substantive theory describing these skills. The author identifies that MSSP ACO is a relatively new value-based care delivery (VBCD) structure in the USA that links clinicians’ compensation to their clinical outcomes. The research question concerns what primary executive leadership skills are essential in the VBCD era.

Design/methodology/approach
This single, embedded, exploratory case study is based on interviews, a focus group discussion and archival record data of MSSP ACO executives in the Northeast, Midwest, South and West of the USA.

Findings
The findings represented seven major categories or the primary executive leadership skills required to succeed in the VBCD environment. Each category or skill included five subcategories or concepts supporting the leadership skills essential for reaching VBCD goals. The categories and subcategories gave rise to a new substantive theory – the Accountable Healthcare Leadership Theory of Five Ps: promoting partnership between providers, patients and payers.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical generalizability of the results was limited by its essence as a single, embedded, exploratory case study of 18 MSSP ACO executives in 4 regions of the USA. The strength of this study, however, lies in its potential for making analytic generalizations for identifying theoretically meaningful leadership skills essential for success in the VBCD era.

Originality/value
The author has developed and validated a new theory describing the primary executive leadership skills required to succeed in the VBCD environment.
Comparative assessment on rodent impacts and cultural perceptions of ecologically based rodent management in 3 Afro‐Malagasy farming regions
Authors: CONSTANT Natasha L. , SWANEPOEL Lourens H. , WILLIAMS Samual T. , SOARIMALALA Voahangy , GOODMAN Steven M. , MASSAWE Apia T. , MULUNGU Loth S. , MAKUNDI Rhodes H. , MDANGI Mashaka E. , TAYLOR Peter J. , BELMAIN Steven R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRodents generate negative consequences for smallholder farmers in Africa that directly impact household and livestock damage, food security, and public health. Ecologically Based Rodent Management (EBRM) seeks sustainable solutions for the mitigation of rodent damage through assessments of rodent population dynamics, agro‐ecosystems, and socio‐cultural contexts. We adopt a comparative approach across 3 rural Afro‐Malagasy smallholder farming regions in South Africa, Tanzania, and Madagascar to assess the household impacts of rodent pests and current perceptions and preferences associated with several rodent control measures. We conducted focus group questionnaires and interviews in different study site locations. Rodents assert multiple impacts on Afro‐Malagasy farmers demonstrating recurrent and emerging agricultural and household costs, and public health impacts. We identify a significant knowledge gap in educating communities about the application of different EBRM approaches in favor of acute poisons that are perceived to be more effective. Cultural issues and taboos also have a significant impact on the social acceptance of rodent hunting as well as biological control using indigenous predators. We advocate for an enhanced investigation of the socio‐cultural beliefs associated with different rodent practices to understand the factors underlying social acceptance. A collaborative approach that integrates the perspectives of target communities to inform the design of EBRM initiatives according to the specific agro‐ecosystem and socio‐cultural context is necessary to ensure programmatic success.
Glycine significantly enhances bacterial membrane vesicle production: a powerful approach for isolation of LPS‐reduced membrane vesicles of probiotic Escherichia coli
Authors: Hirayama Satoru , Nakao Ryoma 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) have attracted strong interest in recent years as novel nanoparticle delivery platforms. Glycine is known to induce morphological changes in the outer layer of bacteria. We report here that glycine dramatically facilitates MV production in a flagella‐deficient mutant of the non‐pathogenic probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917. Supplementation of culture medium with 1.0% glycine induced cell deformation at the early exponential phase, eventually followed by quasi‐lysis during the late exponential to stationary phase. Glycine supplementation also significantly increased the number of MVs with enlarged particle size and altered the protein profile with an increase in the inner membrane and cytoplasmic protein contents as compared to non‐induced MVs. Of note, the endotoxin activity of glycine‐induced MVs was approximately eightfold or sixfold lower than that of non‐induced MVs when compared at equal protein or lipid concentrations respectively. Nevertheless, glycine‐induced MVs efficiently induced both immune responses in a mouse macrophage‐like cell line and adjuvanticity in an intranasal vaccine mouse model, comparable to those of non‐induced MVs. We propose that the present method of inducing MV production with glycine can be used for emerging biotechnological applications of MVs that have immunomodulatory activities, while dramatically reducing the presence of endotoxins.
Computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the head in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Mahdy Mohamed A. A. , Zayed Mohammed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a universally widespread wild carnivore in the world. It has an important impact on human interests and plays a vital role in conservation biology. There is no report to describe computed tomography (CT) of the red fox head and its correlation with gross anatomy. Therefore, the intent of the present study was to document, by CT, the basic anatomical structures in the head region of the red fox to lay the groundwork of an appropriate anatomical description of the head structures comparable with traditional dissection technique. Three red fox heads were imaged sagittally and transversely using CT scanner. Six red fox heads were then serially cut, sagittally and transversely, by an electric band saw, and the obtained slices were cleaned and photographed. Different anatomical structures on CT images and the corresponding anatomic sections were identified and labelled. CT images revealed an excellent three‐dimensional definition of bony structures of the entire craniofacial region. Moreover, CT scans revealed different contrasts between bones, oral and nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and pharynx which enabled good visualization of those structures. The paranasal sinus system in red fox was poorly developed and represented by a frontal sinus and a small sphenoid sinus, in addition to a maxillary recess. In conclusion, the series of CT images of the normal red fox head presented in the current study will serve as an anatomical reference for the normal head of the red fox, which in turn will improve knowledge for clinical interpretation.
How Job Changes Affect People's Lives — Evidence from Subjective Well‐Being Data
Authors: Chadi Adrian , Hetschko Clemens 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStarting a new job is able to boost people's careers, but might come at the expense of other areas of life. To investigate individual implications of job mobility, we analyse the effects of job changes on time‐use and indicators of subjective well‐being using rich data from a representative German panel survey. We find that job switchers report relatively high levels of life satisfaction, at least for the first time after the job change. There is no such ‘honeymoon’ period for job changes triggered by plant closures. Instead, we find evidence for a harmful impact of involuntary mobility on family life.
Immunorelated gene polymorphisms associated with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liu Q , Hua M , Yan S , Zhang C , Wang R , Yang X , Han F , Hou M , Ma D 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAlthough the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still unknown, accumulating evidence has revealed that immune response plays a vital part in the pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the involvement of 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of immunorelated genes, including cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-12A, IL-22, interferon (IFN-α) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1], transcriptional regulatory genes (TBX21, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5B, STAT6, GATA3, FOXP3 and IRF4) and others (IL2RA, IL6R, NFKBIA) in 269 AML in-patients and 200 healthy controls. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the SNPs and clinical characteristics. Immunorelated SNP genotyping was performed on the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. All the SNPs in healthy controls were consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. All final P-values were adjusted by Bonferroni multiple testing. Our results showed that IL-22 (rs2227491) was significantly associated with the white blood cell (WBC) counts. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT-5B) (rs6503691) showed a close relationship with the recurrent genetic abnormalities in patients with AML. We verified the negatively independent effect of age and risk of cytogenetics on overall survival (OS). More importantly, the GG genotype of IL-12A (rs6887695) showed a negative impact on AML prognosis independently. Furthermore, the relative expression of IL-12 was decreased in GG genotype, no matter under a co-dominant or recessive model. However, no correlation was observed between the SNPs mentioned above and disease susceptibility, risk stratification and survival. Our findings suggest that immunorelated gene polymorphisms are associated with prognosis in AML, which may perform as novel inspection targets for AML patients.
Potential role of two novel agonists of thyroid hormone receptor‐β on liver regeneration
Authors: Perra Andrea , Kowalik Marta Anna , Cabras Lavinia , Runfola Massimiliano , Sestito Simona , Migliore Cristina , Giordano Silvia , Chiellini Grazia , Rapposelli Simona , Columbano Amedeo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the hepatomitogenic activity of triiodothyronine (T3) is well established, the wide range of harmful effects exerted by this hormone precludes its use in liver regenerative therapy. Selective agonists of the beta isoform of thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ) do not exhibit T3‐induced cardiotoxicity and show a good safety profile in patients with NASH. The aim of this study was to investigate whether two novel TRβ agonists, the prodrug TG68 and the active compound IS25 could stimulate hepatocyte proliferation without T3/TRα‐dependent side effects.MethodsRats were treated with three different doses (12.5, 25 and 50 μg/100 g body weight) for one week. Hepatocyte proliferation, liver injury and serum biochemical parameters were measured by immunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR and Western blot.ResultsBoth drugs increased hepatocyte proliferation as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (from 14% to 28% vs 5% of controls) and mitotic activity. Enhanced proliferation occurred in the absence of significant signs of liver injury as shown by lack of increased serum transaminase levels or of apoptosis. No cardiac or renal hypertrophy typically associated with treatment with T3 was observed. Importantly, no proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells, such as that seen after administration of T3 or the TRβ agonist GC1 was detected following either TG68 or IS25, demonstrating the hepato‐specificity of these novel TRβ agonists.ConclusionsThe present study shows that TG68 and IS25 induce massive hepatocyte proliferation without overt toxicity. Hence, these agents may have a significant clinical application for regenerative therapies in liver transplantation or other surgical settings.
Seasonal changes in arthropod diversity patterns along an Alpine elevation gradient
Authors: Pilar Fernandez‐Conradi , Loïc Mocellin , Emmanuel Desfossez , Sergio Rasmann 
Published: April 2020

Deciphering patterns in species distributions and species interactions along ecological gradients are fundamental topics in ecology. Theory holds that species diversity is greater and interactions are stronger under warmer and more stable environments, such as low elevations and latitudes. However, recent findings have shown conflicting evidence, potentially due to seasonal effects.
We aimed to address this gap by studying seasonal changes in arthropod communities over an elevation gradient in the Swiss Alps, as well as herbivore‐predator interactions and their resulting consequences on plant herbivory levels.
Overall, we found hump‐shaped patterns in arthropod abundance, richness and diversity with increasing elevation, with all factors peaking below the tree line. However, these patterns varied seasonally, with strong mid‐elevation peaks at the beginning of the summer, shifting to a pattern of linear decrease at the beginning of the fall. In searching for mechanisms explaining these changes, we found that shifts in arthropod communities over elevation and seasons usually followed shifts in vegetation productivity estimates. Other factors, such as top‐down control by natural enemies, which was generally stronger at low elevations, and plant species‐specific resistance rates along elevation gradients were also implicated as drivers of diversity and herbivory rates.
These results highlight the complexity of arthropod communities' responses to environmental gradients, which vary during the season in response to relative changes in both bottom‐up and top‐down forces.
Sexually differentiated and neuroanatomically specific co‐expression of aromatase neurons and GAD67 in the male and female quail brain
Authors: Cornil Charlotte A. , Ball Gregory F. , Balthazart Jacques 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTestosterone aromatization into estrogens in the preoptic area (POA) is critical for the activation of male sexual behavior in many vertebrates. Yet, the cellular mechanisms mediating actions of neuroestrogens on sexual behavior remain largely unknown. We investigated in male and female Japanese quail by dual‐label fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) whether aromatase‐positive (ARO) neurons express glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), the rate‐limiting enzyme in GABA biosynthesis. ARO cells and ARO cells double labeled with GAD67 (ARO‐GAD67) were counted at standardized locations in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) and the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) to produce three‐dimensional distribution maps. Overall, males had more ARO cells than females in POM and BST. The number of double‐labeled ARO‐GAD67 cells was also higher in males than in females and greatly varied as a function of the specific position in these nuclei. Significant sex differences were however present only in the most caudal part of POM. Although both ARO and GAD67 were expressed in the VMN, no colocalization between these markers was detected. Together, these data show that a high proportion of estrogen‐synthesizing neurons in POM and BST are inhibitory and the colocalization of GAD67 with ARO exhibits a high degree of anatomical specificity as well as localized sex differences. The fact that many preoptic ARO neurons project to the periaqueductal gray in male quail suggests possible mechanisms through which locally produced estrogens could activate male sexual behavior.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying defective antibody responses
Authors: Deenick Elissa K , Lau Anthony , Bier Julia , Kane Alisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrimary immune deficiency is caused by genetic mutations that result in immune dysfunction and subsequent susceptibility to infection. Over the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in the number of genetically defined causes of immune deficiency including those which affect B‐cell function. This has not only identified critical nonredundant pathways that control the generation of protective antibody responses but also revealed that immunodeficiency and autoimmunity are often closely linked. Here we explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these rare monogenic conditions that disrupt antibody production, which also have implications for understanding the causes of more common polygenic immune dysfunction.
Blood pressure measurement device selection in low‐resource settings: Challenges, compromises, and routes to progress
Authors: Brady Tammy M. , Padwal Raj , Blakeman Drew E. , Farrell Margaret , Frieden Thomas R. , Kaur Prabhdeep , Moran Andrew E. , Jaffe Marc G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh blood pressure (BP) is the single leading preventable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor across the world. In order to decrease the global burden of CVD, broad hypertension screening programs that facilitate early hypertension diagnosis and treatment are essential. Accurate BP devices are a key element of hypertension control programs. With the overwhelming number of devices available now on the market, most of which have not been tested for accuracy, it can be challenging to select the optimal BP measurement device for clinical settings. This review details essential factors to consider when selecting a good‐quality BP device, particularly for use in low‐resource settings. Barriers to the procurement and use of good‐quality devices are reviewed and practical solutions proposed.
Analysis of Citation Patterns and Impact of Predatory Sources in the Nursing Literature
Authors: Oermann Marilyn H. , Nicoll Leslie H. , Ashton Kathleen S. , Edie Alison H. , Amarasekara Sathya , Chinn Peggy L. , Carter‐Templeton Heather , Ledbetter Leila S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study was undertaken to learn how predatory journal articles were cited in articles published in legitimate (nonpredatory) nursing journals. The extent of citation and citation patterns were studied.DesignA two‐phase approach was used.MethodsIn Phase 1, 204 articles published in legitimate nursing journals that cited a predatory publication were randomly selected for analysis from a list of 814 articles with predatory journal citations. In Phase 2, the four predatory journal articles that were cited most frequently were analyzed further to examine their citation patterns.FindingsThe majority (n = 148, 72.55%) of the articles that cited a predatory publication were research reports. Most commonly, the predatory article was only cited once (n = 117, 61.58%). Most (n = 158, 82.72%) of the predatory articles, though, were used substantively, that is, to provide a basis for the study or methods, describe the results, or explain the findings. The four articles in Phase 2 generated 38 citations in legitimate journals, published from 2011 to 2019, demonstrating persistence in citation. An evaluation of the quality of these articles was mixed.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide an understanding of the use and patterns of citations to predatory articles in legitimate nursing journals. Authors who choose predatory journals as the channel to disseminate their publications devalue the work that publishers, editors, and peer reviewers play in scholarly dissemination. Likewise, those who cite these works are also contributing to the problem of predatory publishing in nursing.Clinical RelevanceNurse authors should not publish their work in predatory journals and should avoid citing articles from these journals, which disseminates the content through the scholarly nursing literature.