bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of basic chemistry II in student program study of the chemistry of FMIPA UNIMED
Authors: Siregar L F , Marpaung D N , Pongkendek J J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the extent of mastery of students of the chemistry education program FMIPA UNIMED on basic chemical material II on the subject of redox and electrochemistry, chemical and radiochemical kinetics. The population in this study was at the same time a sample of education students in the 2016 class of the FMIPA UNIMED chemistry education program totaling 108 people. The instruments used were multiple-choice test questions and questionnaires. The results of the study showed that 108 students of the 2016 chemistry education program FMIPA UNIMED obtained that the level of mastery of students in solving basic chemical questions II on the subject of redox and electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, radiochemistry is low, namely students who have a high mastery level 0 (0%) Based on the cognitive aspects of students on knowledge questions (C1), 14 (12.96%) students had a high level of mastery. On the question of cognitive aspects of students on understanding questions (C2), 5 (04.63%) students have a high level of mastery. For the question of cognitive aspects of the application (C3), 25 (23.15%) students had a high level of mastery. For the cognitive aspects of analysis (C4), 2 (01.85%) students have a high level of mastery. From the results of the student questionnaire answers that students feel the difficulty of learning basic chemistry, especially on the subject of redox and electrocima, chemical and radiochemical kinetics. Reading the interest and motivation of students to study basic chemistry II is still low.
Genome size variation at constant chromosome number is not correlated with repetitive DNA dynamism in Anacyclus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Vitales Daniel , Álvarez Inés , Garcia Sònia , Hidalgo Oriane , Nieto Feliner Gonzalo , Pellicer Jaume , Vallès Joan , Garnatje Teresa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Changes in the amount of repetitive DNA (dispersed and tandem repeats) are considered the main contributors to genome size variation across plant species in the absence of polyploidy. However, the study of repeatome dynamism in groups showing contrasting genomic features and complex evolutionary histories is needed to determine whether other processes underlying genome size variation may have been overlooked. The main aim here was to elucidate which mechanism best explains genome size evolution in Anacyclus (Asteraceae).

Methods
Using data from Illumina sequencing, we analysed the repetitive DNA in all species of Anacyclus, a genus with a reticulate evolutionary history, which displays significant genome size and karyotype diversity albeit presenting a stable chromosome number.

Key Results
By reconstructing ancestral genome size values, we inferred independent episodes of genome size expansions and contractions during the evolution of the genus. However, analysis of the repeatome revealed a similar DNA repeat composition across species, both qualitative and quantitative. Using comparative methods to study repeatome dynamics in the genus, we found no evidence for repeat activity causing genome size variation among species.

Conclusions
Our results, combined with previous cytogenetic data, suggest that genome size differences in Anacyclus are probably related to chromosome rearrangements involving losses or gains of chromosome fragments, possibly associated with homoploid hybridization. These could represent balanced rearrangements that do not disrupt gene dosage in merged genomes, for example via chromosome segment exchanges.
DiscoRhythm: an easy-to-use web application and R package for discovering rhythmicity
Authors: Carlucci Matthew , Kriščiūnas Algimantas , Li Haohan , Gibas Povilas , Koncevičius Karolis , Petronis Art , Oh Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivationBiological rhythmicity is fundamental to almost all organisms on Earth and plays a key role in health and disease. Identification of oscillating signals could lead to novel biological insights, yet its investigation is impeded by the extensive computational and statistical knowledge required to perform such analysis.ResultsTo address this issue, we present DiscoRhythm (Discovering Rhythmicity), a user-friendly application for characterizing rhythmicity in temporal biological data. DiscoRhythm is available as a web application or an R/Bioconductor package for estimating phase, amplitude and statistical significance using four popular approaches to rhythm detection (Cosinor, JTK Cycle, ARSER and Lomb-Scargle). We optimized these algorithms for speed, improving their execution times up to 30-fold to enable rapid analysis of -omic-scale datasets in real-time. Informative visualizations, interactive modules for quality control, dimensionality reduction, periodicity profiling and incorporation of experimental replicates make DiscoRhythm a thorough toolkit for analyzing rhythmicity.Availability and implementationThe DiscoRhythm R package is available on Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/DiscoRhythm), with source code available on GitHub (https://github.com/matthewcarlucci/DiscoRhythm) under a GPL-3 license. The web application is securely deployed over HTTPS (https://disco.camh.ca) and is freely available for use worldwide. Local instances of the DiscoRhythm web application can be created using the R package or by deploying the publicly available Docker container (https://hub.docker.com/r/mcarlucci/discorhythm).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Screening for atrial fibrillation: a call for evidence
Authors: Jones Nicholas R , Taylor Clare J , Hobbs F D Richard , Bowman Louise , Casadei Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and prevalence is predicted to double over the next 30 years due to changing demographics and the rise in prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. Atrial fibrillation is associated with a five-fold increased stroke risk, but anticoagulation in eligible patients can reduce this risk by around 65%. Many people with AF currently go undetected and therefore untreated, either because they are asymptomatic or because they have paroxysmal AF. Screening has been suggested as one approach to increase AF detection rates and reduce the incidence of ischaemic stroke by earlier initiation of anticoagulation therapy. However, international taskforces currently recommend against screening, citing the cost implications and uncertainty over the benefits of a systematic screening programme compared to usual care. A number of large randomized controlled trials have commenced to determine the cost-effectiveness and clinical benefit of screening using a range of devices and across different populations. The recent AppleWatch study demonstrates how advances in technology are providing the public with self-screening devices that are increasingly affordable and accessible. Health care professionals should be aware of the implications of these emerging data for diagnostic pathways and treatment. This review provides an overview of the gaps in the current evidence and a summary of the arguments for and against screening.
Gardnerella and vaginal health: the truth is out there
Authors: Rosca Aliona S , Castro Joana , Sousa Lúcia G V , Cerca Nuno 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The human vagina is a dynamic ecosystem in which homeostasis depends on mutually beneficial interactions between the host and their microorganisms. However, the vaginal ecosystem can be thrown off balance by a wide variety of factors. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age but its etiology is not yet fully understood, with different controversial theories being raised over the years. What is generally accepted is that BV is often characterized by a shift in the composition of the normal vaginal microbiota, from a Lactobacillus species dominated microbiota to a mixture of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. During BV, a polymicrobial biofilm develops in the vaginal microenvironment, being mainly composed of Gardnerella species. The interactions between vaginal microorganisms are thought to play a pivotal role in the shift from health to disease and might also increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections acquisition. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the specific interactions that occur in the vaginal niche and discuss mechanisms by which these interactions might be mediated. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of novel strategies to fight chronic vaginal infections.
Reimagining Trade-Plus Compliance: The Labor Story
Authors: Claussen Kathleen 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Trade agreements today are omnibus instruments characterized by extensive commitments in areas referred to as ‘trade-plus’ because they expand the traditional notion of trade. This Article offers an original challenge to the jumbled consensus that including trade-plus provisions in trade agreements and treating them like ‘ordinary’ trade issues subject to dispute settlement is all positive. Nowhere was this more obvious than in the outcome of the USA–Guatemala labor case under the US trade agreement with the Central American states. The Article critically considers for the first time the broader implications of the USA–Guatemala case for the framing of the system and concludes that the trade dispute settlement system is not well suited for these types of questions in its present iteration. In so doing, the Article seeks to draw attention to the disparity in theory and design in free trade agreements and to make some critical policy recommendations for the ongoing debate about the content and structure of trade agreements in the USA and beyond.
Narratively Shaped Emotions: The Case of Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Bortolan Anna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this article, I provide a phenomenological exploration of the role played by narrativity in shaping affective experience. I start by surveying and identifying different ways in which linguistic and narrative expression contribute to structure and regulate emotions, and I then expand on these insights by taking into consideration the phenomenology of borderline personality disorder. Disruptions of narrative abilities have been shown to be central to the illness, and I argue that these disruptions are at the origin of a number of alterations of affective experience. In particular, I suggest that due to the narrative “fragmentation” characteristic of the disorder, the emotions experienced by borderline patients can be less differentiated and have a predominantly bodily and unregulated character.
Debating Imperial Violence and the Production of Sexualities
Authors: Stevens Jacqueline , Chaudhry V Varun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews scholarly controversies about responses to state violence targeting people for their sexual orientation or sex identities (SOSI) in a global perspective. It describes the emergence of legal strategies in the United States and Europe in the 1970s to 1990s to counter SOSI discrimination, as well as the responses to the use of these strategies in postcolonial African countries and nation-states created in the aftermath of the Ottoman, British, and French Empires, as well as in revolutionary Iran. The chapter analyzes the scholarship on anti-SOSI backlashes tied to critiques of US and European imperialism and militarism. Campaigns for SOSI inclusion in the heteronormative, reproductive nation-state are distinguished from queer agendas attacking the nation-state. The chapter concludes by raising questions about whether authors who attack liberal or queer anti-nationalist politics in Muslim or postcolonial contexts are tacitly or overtly supporting nationalist agendas and failing to provide remedies to restrain violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation or sexed identities.
Ethics Considerations in Selecting Psychotherapy Modalities and Formats
Authors: Sadler John Z. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Little discussion has appeared in the literature regarding the ethical and value considerations when clinicians select a psychotherapy modality (e.g., CBT, psychoanalytic therapy, family systems, etc.) and format (group, individual, couple, family, systems) to offer to clients before formal treatment negotiations begin. This chapter offers a virtue-ethics framework to consider these ethics and values issues in psychotherapy modality/format selection, and embeds this virtue-ethics framework in a series of seven clinical factors to consider when doing modality/format deliberations. Karl Jaspers’s principles of clinical interpretation (hermeneutics) provide an illustrative framework for the thinking process in making modality/format decisions. The interactions between the seven factors to consider in modality/format deliberations and the eight relevant clinician virtues provide for numerous, but brief, clinical examples of how the factors, the virtues, and clinical hermeneutics combine to provide for conscientious psychotherapy modality/format deliberations.
Dual and Multiple Relationships in Psychotherapy
Authors: Doyle Kevin S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Maintaining appropriate boundaries with clients/patients is a fundamental ethical obligation of the helping professions. Known as dual relationships or multiple relationships, holding more than one relationship with a past or current client/patient can be ethically challenging at a minimum and highly unethical in certain circumstances. Ethical professionals are aware of the potential risks associated with having more than one relationship with a client or patient and consider these both at the onset of therapy and during the therapeutic relationship. This chapter explores some of the common issues relating to dual/multiple relationships and presents ways in which the helping professions frame the appropriate and the inappropriate. Avoiding inappropriate relationships is balanced with the goal of maintaining access to services in situations such as those posed by rural areas.
The Moral Significance of Recovery
Authors: Davidson Larry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Given the loss of a sense of self long-associated with psychosis, this chapter argues that preserving and helping to reconstruct the person’s sense of personhood becomes a primary objective, and ethical imperative, of the psychotherapeutic relationship. Not to do so serves to perpetuate both the negative effects of the illness and its stigmatized status in society, adding to, rather than counteracting, the damage that is already being done to the person by this combination of factors. Drawing inspiration from Desmond Tutu’s use of the African concept of Ubuntu, this chapter argues that psychotherapy for psychosis should embody an appreciation of how persons only become persons through other people. Based on first-person accounts and qualitative research on recovery, it then describes ways in which the person’s sense of self can be restored and reconstructed through small steps in everyday life activities and with the loving support of others, including psychotherapists.
Ethical Issues in Systemic Psychotherapy
Authors: Fryszer Andreas , Schwing Rainer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ethical codes in systemic therapy are discussed drawing on cultural, professional, legal, and complexity-oriented perspectives. First, a cultural framework is established to describe systemic perspectives on ethics following cultural codes in systemic science. Legal issues are discussed as are professional ethical formulas, which function as mandatory sets of rules for systemic practice. The description of a European systemic association’s ethical code serves as an example of systemic practice and is supplemented by medical sources. The adoption of systems science and complexity model perspectives demonstrates similarities of ethical discussion within various systemic approaches. A detailed outline of ethical guidelines in concrete systemic practice is provided, drawing on ideas of neighboring systemic models in natural and social sciences.
Ethical Considerations on Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions
Authors: Levin Abigail L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines ethical issues arising from the widespread trend, originated by Jon Kabat-Zinn, toward using mindfulness-based practices, such as meditation, for relief of psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. These techniques are adapted from Buddhist practices and are prescribed for quite different ends—such as enlightenment—in that context. Further, psychotherapeutic mindfulness clients are often not informed of the religious provenance of the techniques. These circumstances give rise to psychotherapeutic ethical considerations, such as whether psychotherapeutic mindfulness practices are problematically appropriative from Buddhism, and whether the religious provenance of the practices should be disclosed to clients. The author argues that while the practices are not problematically appropriative from Buddhists, the failure to disclose the religious origins of the practices violates informed consent obligations owed to clients.
Identifying and Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in Group Psychotherapy
Authors: Brabender Virginia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses upon the major ethical issues that emerge in the practice of group psychotherapy. Four issues are given particular attention: competence, confidentiality, evaluation of progress, and dual relationships. It discusses these issues in terms of the core ethical principles that they engage, and considers how the therapist would go about resolve a conflict between these principles in a given practice situation. The chapter also explicates the impediments that exist to good ethical reasoning in the group situation. These include two broad categories: lack of knowledge and skills, and human factors affecting ethical decision-making. The latter include cognitive biases such as overshadowing, processing errors, and affective stimulation. Ways of surmounting these obstacles are suggested.
Common Ethical Issues Associated with Psychotherapy in Rural Areas
Authors: Hoover-Thompson Alysia , Bogle Brandon C. , Werth James L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ethical issues are not uncommon in the course of psychotherapy. However, the setting in which the counseling takes place can have an impact on the types of ethical dilemmas that arise. Because of the very nature of work in rural areas, concerns regarding professional competence, confidentiality, and multiple relationships are frequent when working in these types of communities. This chapter covers these topics and several others with an emphasis on special considerations with children/adolescents and with older adults. The chapter reviews common complications that may arise when providing psychotherapy, utilizing sample dilemmas, providing possible solutions, and offering recommendations for best practice when therapists are working in rural areas.
Small Business Lending
Authors: Berger Allen N. , Black Lamont K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmall businesses are engines of economic growth that are fueled in large part by bank lending. We examine the roles of technology and regulation in the supply of small business credit. Technological changes increase small business credit supply through the adoption of new hard-information-based lending technologies, such as FinTech lending, as well as by improving existing lending technologies. Technological progress has more modest effects on the processing and transmission of soft information used in relationship lending. Regulatory changes, such as pre-crisis deregulation and post-crisis reregulation, directly affect bank small business lending. The combination of technological progress and geographical deregulation also has resulted in more bank consolidation and competition, both of which have mixed effects on small business credit supply. Lastly, we cover the challenges and mitigating factors in explaining the dramatic drop in small business credit availability during the Global Financial Crisis and the very slow growth during the subsequent recovery.
Behavioral Economics, Financial Literacy, and Consumers’ Financial Decisions
Authors: Elliehausen Gregory 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews research in behavioral economics and financial literacy that raises concerns that consumers lack competence to make complex financial decisions. Consumers do not collect comprehensive information or extensively evaluate alternatives. They rely on heuristics that cause them to make systematic errors in judgment, and many individuals lack an understanding of basic financial principles, which arguably would hamper individuals’ ability to manage their finances effectively. Decisions are generally purposive, however, and individuals tend to be deliberative and thoughtful when the situation warrants. Outcomes may not be optimal but such decision processes nevertheless may be an economical means for achieving desired goals. The extent to which these phenomena impair actual decisions in markets is not at all clear. At this time, neither existing behavioral evidence nor conventional economic evidence supports a general conclusion that consumers’ financial decisions are not rational or that markets do not work reasonably well.
Novel associations between cytokines and pulmonary involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis – a cross-sectional study of long-term disease
Authors: Marstein Henriette , Schwartz Thomas , Aaløkken Trond Mogens , Lund May Britt , Flatø Berit , Sjaastad Ivar , Sanner Helga 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine associations between cytokines and pulmonary involvement in patients with medium- to long-term JDM.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 58 patients examined median (range) 16.8 (6.6–27.0) years after symptom onset were stratified in inactive (JDM-inactive) and active (JDM-active) disease (updated PRINTO criteria); 56 age/sex matched controls were included. Twenty-nine cytokines (in serum) were analysed (Luminex technology/ELISA). Pulmonary function test included forced vital capacity, total lung capacity (TLC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide reported as % of predicted and low forced vital capacity/TLC/diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. In patients, the presence of clinical pulmonary damage was assessed and high resolution computed tomography scans were scored for interstitial lung disease, chest wall calcinosis and airways disease.ResultsMedian age of patients was 21 (7–55) years, 59% were female and 36% inactive. In JDM-active and all patients, higher MCP-1, IP-10 and eotaxin correlated with high-resolution computed tomography findings (rs 0.34–0.61; P &lt; 0.05). MCP-1 and eotaxin correlated with pulmonary damage in JDM-active and all patients (rs 0.41–0.49; P &lt; 0.01). Higher TGF-β1 and PDGF (growth factors) were associated with lower lung volumes (forced vital capacity/TLC measures) in all patients; PDGF in JDM-active and TGF-β1 in JDM-inactive patients. IP-10 correlated with TLC% in JDM-active patients. No associations between cytokines and pulmonary function test were found in controls.ConclusionsIn JDM, we found a novel association (not previously described in myositis) between eotaxin and pulmonary involvement; we have previously shown an association between eotaxin and cardiac dysfunction. The associations between IP-10/growth factors/MCP-1 and pulmonary involvement are novel in JDM and were mostly seen in JDM-active patients.