bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The free listing task for describing the sensory profiling of dairy foods: A case study with microfiltered goat whey orange juice beverage
Authors: Vieira Alexandre H. , Balthazar Celso F. , Rocha Ramon S. , Silva Ramon , Guimaraes Jonas T. , Pagani Mônica M. , Pimentel Tatiana C. , Esmerino Erick A. , Silva Márcia C. , Tonon Renata V. , Cabral Lourdes M. , Freitas Mônica Q. , Cruz Adriano G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe sensory profiling using free listing task and consumer acceptance of a goat whey orange juice (GWOJ) beverage processed by microfiltration (20, 30, 40, and 50°C) or conventional pasteurization were investigated. Free listing task allowed the discrimination of the beverages based on the type of processing (pasteurization or microfiltration) and microfiltration temperature. The pasteurized beverage had yellow color, orange aroma and flavor, and a more viscous texture, whereas the microfiltered beverages had green color, bitter taste, sweet taste, fermented flavor, and liquid texture. Lower microfiltration temperatures improved the orange color and fermented aroma, with similar consumer acceptance to the pasteurized product, whereas higher temperatures increased the acid, citric, and whey aromas and decreased the consumer acceptance. Overall, free listing task was a suitable methodology for discriminating beverages submitted to different processing, and microfiltration (20 or 30°C) is an interesting option for GWOJ beverages, resulting in products with adequate sensory properties.Practical applicationOur study indicates that the free listing task was a suitable methodology to discriminate GWOJ beverages based on the type of processing (pasteurization or microfiltration) and microfiltration temperature. Furthermore, it can be used to identify the most important attributes for consumers, which were liquid texture, orange color, fermented aroma, and orange flavor for GWOJ and should be considered in the manufacture of this type of product. Finally, it demonstrated that membrane technologies, as microfiltration, could be used in the manufacture of dairy foods, in particular GWOJ, with adequate sensory performance. These findings can be an incentive to the dairy industry to consider microfiltration as an adequate technology to be used in whey beverages processing and free listing task as an easy and fast sensory methodology for sensory description of dairy products.
Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes
Authors: Chen Da-bao , Gao Hua-wu , Peng Cheng , Pei Shao-qiang , Dai An-ran , Yu Xue-ting , Zhou Peng , Wang Yan , Cai Biao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a hidden neurological degenerative disease, which main clinical manifestations are cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment and mental disorders. Neuroinflammation is considered as a basic response of the central nervous system. NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3) inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in the release of cytokines, pore formation and ultimately pyroptosis, which has demonstrated one of the critical roles in AD pathogenesis. Inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 is one of the focuses of the research. Therefore, NLRP3 represents an attractive pharmacological target, and discovery compounds with good NLRP3 inhibitory activity are particularly important.

Key findings
Quinones have good neuroprotective effects and prevent AD, which may be related to their regulation of inflammatory response. The molecular docking was used to explore 12 quinones with AD prevention and treatment and NLRP3. Docking results showed that the combination of anthraquinones and NLRP3 were the best, and the top two chemical compounds were Purpurin and Rhein, which are the most promising NLRP3 inhibitors.

Summary
These quinones may provide the theoretical basis for finding lead compounds for novel neuroprotective agents.
Classification of myasthenia gravis and congenital myasthenic syndromes in dogs and cats
Authors: Mignan Thomas , Targett Mike , Lowrie Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMyasthenia, a syndrome of impaired neuromuscular transmission, occurs as either an acquired or congenital condition. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disorder with autoantibodies against the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of skeletal muscle whereas congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are a clinically heterogeneous group of genetic disorders affecting the NMJ with a young age of onset. Both conditions are diseases for which recognition is important with regard to treatment and outcome. We review the published literature on MG and CMSs in dogs and cats, and by comparison with published classification used in humans, propose a classification system for MG and CMSs in dogs and cats. Myasthenia gravis is first classified based on focal, generalized, or acute fulminating presentation. It then is subclassified according to the autoimmune disease mechanism or seronegativity. Autoimmune disease mechanism relates to the presence or absence of a thymoma, or administration of thiourylene medication in cats. Congenital myasthenic syndromes are classified according to the affected NMJ component, the mechanism of the defect of neuromuscular transmission, the affected protein, and ultimately the mutated gene responsible. In proposing this categorization of MG and CMSs, we hope to aid recognition of the disease groups for both conditions, as well as guide treatment, refine prognosis, and provide a framework for additional studies of these conditions.
Hepatitis B surface antigen, core‐related antigen and HBV RNA: Predicting clinical relapse after NA therapy discontinuation
Authors: Kaewdech Apichat , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Sripongpun Pimsiri , Witeerungrot Teepawit , Jandee Sawangpong , Tanaka Yasuhito , Piratvisuth Teerha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThe safe discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy remains challenging in chronic hepatitis B. We investigated the potential role of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core‐related antigen and hepatitis B virus RNA at the end of treatment in predicting off‐therapy relapse.MethodsPatients who fulfilled the stopping criteria of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver guideline were enrolled. Virological relapse was defined as hepatitis B virus DNA level greater than 2000 IU/mL, and clinical relapse was defined as virological relapse plus alanine aminotransferase level of more than twice the upper limit of normal.ResultsNinety‐two patients participated. The combination of end‐of‐treatment hepatitis B core‐related antigen and hepatitis B virus RNA levels was most predictive of clinical relapse. Multivariate analysis revealed that end‐of‐treatment hepatitis B core‐related antigen and hepatitis B virus RNA were independently associated with clinical relapse. During follow‐up, no patients with undetectable hepatitis B core‐related antigen (<3.0 log10 U/mL) and hepatitis B virusRNA (<2.0 log10 copies/mL) at end of treatment developed clinical relapse, in comparison with 22.9% and 62.5% patients with detectable levels of one or both biomarkers respectively. End‐of‐treatment quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen was linked to a likelihood of hepatitis B surface antigen clearance.ConclusionsThe combined hepatitis B core‐related antigen and hepatitis B virus RNA assays at end of treatment were highly predictive of subsequent clinical relapse. These novel biomarkers could potentially be used to identify patients who could safely discontinue nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy.
Hepatitis C virus eradication by direct antiviral agents abates oxidative stress in patients with advanced liver fibrosis
Authors: Salomone Federico , Petta Salvatore , Micek Agnieszka , Pipitone Rosaria Maria , Distefano Alfio , Castruccio Castracani Carlo , Rini Francesca , Di Rosa Michelino , Gardi Concetta , Calvaruso Vincenza , Di Marco Vito , Li Volti Giovanni , Grimaudo Stefania , Craxì Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsHCV eradication improves non‐hepatic outcomes such as cardiovascular diseases, although without clearly defined mechanisms. In this study we aimed to assess whether improvement of carotid atherosclerosis may be linked to a reduction in systemic oxidative stress after viral clearance.MethodsWe studied a retrospective cohort of 105 patients (age 62.4 ± 11.2 years; 62 men) with F3/F4 fibrosis, characterized by carotid ultrasonography at baseline and at sustained virologic response (SVR) follow‐up. Levels of 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (F2‐isoprostanes) and other oxidative stress markers were measured on frozen sera. Association between change (denoted as Δ) in oxidative stress markers (exposures) and change in carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) (outcome) was examined using multiple linear regression.ResultsSubclinical atherosclerosis, defined as the presence of carotid plaque and/or cIMT ≥ 0.9, was present in 72% of the cohort. All patients achieved SVR that led to reduction in cIMT (0.92 ± 0.20 vs 0.83 ± 0.21 mm, P < .001). HCV eradication markedly decreased serum levels of F2‐isoprostanes (620.5 [143.2; 1904.1] vs 119.51 [63.2; 400.6] pg/mL, P < .0001), lipid hydroperoxides (13.8 [6.3; 20.7] vs 4.9 [2.3; 9.6] nmol/μl, P < .0001) and 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (558.9 [321.0; 6301.2] vs 294.51 [215.31; 408.95] pg/mL, P < .0001), whereas increased serum GPx activity (10.44 [4.6; 16.3] vs 13.75 [9.42; 20.63] nmol/min/mL, P = .001). By multiple linear regression analysis ΔcIMT was independently associated with ΔF2‐isoprostanes (β: 1.746 [0.948; 2.543]; P < .0001) after adjustment for age, baseline F2‐isoprostanes and baseline IMT.ConclusionsBesides association of lipid peroxidation with severity of liver disease, the reduction in F2‐isoprostanes may be involved in the improvement of atherosclerosis after HCV eradication.
Biomechanical correlates of sequential drinking behavior in aging
Authors: Cock Charles , Omari Taher I. , Burgstad Carly M. , Thompson Alison , Doeltgen Sebastian H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe timed water swallow test (TWST) is a test of sequential swallowing where a measured volume is ingested as quickly as comfortably possible. We undertook a study of the biomechanics underpinning the TWST in healthy young and older participants.MethodsThirty healthy volunteers underwent high‐resolution impedance manometry (MMS; Unisensor, 2.7 mm diameter, 32 pressure sensors, 16 impedance segments). Participants were asked to drink 150 mL, 0.9% normal saline solution rapidly. Swallowing biomechanics and bolus flow characteristics were assessed using pressure‐flow analysis and compared using t test and Fisher's exact test with significance as P < .05.Key ResultsOlder participants (n = 18; 76 ± 11 years) took longer to complete the TWST (21.2 ± 2.5 vs 9.2 ± 1.0 seconds; P < .001) and displayed reduced volume per swallow (16.6 ± 1.3 vs 27.8 ± 2.9 mL; P < .001) compared to younger participants (n = 12; 29 ± 5 years). Two distinctive pharyngeal swallowing patterns were observed: (a) a single rapid sequence of swallows with or without a clearing swallow (Pattern I) or (b) multiple, shorter sequences interrupted and/or interspersed with single swallows or breaks (Pattern II). Some older participants showed biomechanical evidence of upper esophageal sphincter restriction (n = 7) or impaired deglutitive inhibition (n = 7), associated with the more prolonged Pattern II (TWST duration 30.1 ± 1.5 vs Pattern I 11.9 ± 1.5 seconds; P < .001).Conclusions and InferencesHealthy older participants had an increased duration of TWST, suggesting a need to adapt normative values for this population. Rapid sequential swallowing was associated with evidence of UES restriction and impaired deglutitive inhibition in some older participants.
Green space access in the neighbourhood and childhood obesity
Authors: Jia Peng , Cao Xinxi , Yang Hongxi , Dai Shaoqing , He Pan , Huang Ganlin , Wu Tong , Wang Yaogang 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAccess to green space may influence individual physical activity (PA) and subsequently weight status, as increased exposure to green space could improve health by increasing opportunities and the actual levels of PA. However, whether such associations hold empirically remains inconclusive. This study reviewed articles that analysed the association between access to green space and weight‐related behaviours/outcomes among children, published before 1 January 2019. The sample sizes ranged from 108 to 44 278. Four cohorts and 17 cross‐sectional studies conducted in nine countries were identified. Overall, evidence showed a positive association between access to green space and PA and a negative association between access to green space and television‐watching time, body mass index (BMI) and weight status among children. Distance to the nearest green space, measured by geographic information system (GIS) in 10 studies, was often used to represent access to the nearest green space. It still remains difficult to draw a clear conclusion on the association between access to green space and BMI. Longitudinal studies can directly estimate the strength of the association between exposure and disease, which is needed to determine the causal association between access to green space and weight status.
Divergence of defensive cucurbitacins in independent Cucurbita pepo domestication events leads to differences in specialist herbivore preference
Authors: Brzozowski Lauren J. , Gore Michael A. , Agrawal Anurag A. , Mazourek Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCrop domestication and improvement often concurrently affect plant resistance to pests and production of secondary metabolites, creating challenges for isolating the ecological implications of selection for specific metabolites. Cucurbitacins are bitter triterpenoids with extreme phenotypic differences between Cucurbitaceae lineages, yet we lack integrated models of herbivore preference, cucurbitacin accumulation, and underlying genetic mechanisms. In Cucurbita pepo, we dissected the effect of cotyledon cucurbitacins on preference of a specialist insect pest (Acalymma vittatum) for multiple tissues, assessed genetic loci underlying cucurbitacin accumulation in diverse germplasm and a biparental F2 population (from a cross between two independent domesticates), and characterized quantitative associations between gene expression and metabolites during seedling development. Acalymma vittatum affinity for cotyledons is mediated by cucurbitacins, but other traits contribute to whole‐plant resistance. Cotyledon cucurbitacin accumulation was associated with population structure, and our genetic mapping identified a single locus, Bi‐4, containing genes relevant to transport and regulation – not biosynthesis – that diverged between lineages. These candidate genes were expressed during seedling development, most prominently a putative secondary metabolite transporter. Taken together, these findings support the testable hypothesis that breeding for plant resistance to insects involves targeting genes for regulation and transport of defensive metabolites, in addition to core biosynthesis genes.
How Valuable Could a Person Be?*
Authors: Bailey Andrew M. , Rasmussen Joshua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate the value of persons. Our primary goal is to chart a path fromequalandextremevalue toinfinitevalue. We advance two arguments. Each argument offers a reason to think that equal and extreme value are best accounted for if we are infinitely valuable. We then raise some difficult but fruitful questions about the possible grounds or sources of our infinite value, if we indeed have such value.
Movement competency and measures of isometric and dynamic strength and power in boys of different maturity status
Authors: Dobbs Ian J. , Oliver Jon L. , Wong Megan A. , Moore Isabel S. , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: July 2020

An understanding of how movement competency, strength, and power interact with natural growth and maturation is required in order to determine meaningful changes with developing athletes. Isometric and dynamic testing in youth athletes provides insight into the natural development of the force‐velocity (F‐V) spectrum. Two‐hundred and six young male athletes, aged 9‐17 years of age, were grouped according to stage of maturation based on their maturity offset which was determined as number of years from peak height velocity (PHV). All participants performed the back‐squat assessment (BSA), isometric mid‐thigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ) tests. Absolute and scaled force‐time variables were collected from the IMTP, CMJ, and SJ. No significant differences were observed between maturational groups for squat movement competency (P > .05). One‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post‐hoc analysis revealed that increasing maturity led to significant, moderate to large increases in allometrically scaled peak force (PFallo) for all tests (P < .05). Multiple stepwise linear regression models revealed IMTP PFallo significantly predicted 34.8% and 41.3% of variance in SJ and CMJ jump height, respectively (P < .05). Natural growth and maturation induces positive adaptations to movement competency as well as isometric and dynamic strength and power. Trends from the IMTP, SJ, and CMJ tests indicate the largest differences in strength, and power may occur around the adolescent growth spurt despite the large variation in rates of change within the circa‐PHV group.
Indirect effects of the Family Check‐Up on youth extracurricular involvement at school‐age through improvements in maternal positive behavior support in early childhood
Authors: Feldman Julia S. , Zhou Yiyao , Krug Chelsea Weaver , Wilson Melvin N. , Shaw Daniel S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExtracurricular involvement in the school‐age years has widespread potential benefits for children's subsequent socioemotional development, especially for low‐income youth. However, there is a dearth of research on interventions aimed at increasing school‐age extracurricular involvement in low‐income youth. Thus, the present study aimed to test the collateral effect of a brief, family‐focused intervention for low‐income families, the Family Check‐Up, on children's school‐age extracurricular involvement via improvements in maternal positive behavior support (PBS) in early childhood. The sample (n = 630, 50% female, 50% White, 28% Black/African American) represented a subsample of families from the Early Steps Multisite Study. At the age of two, families were randomly assigned to the Family Check‐Up or Women, Infants, and Children Nutritional Supplement Services as usual. Mother‐child dyads participated in observed interaction tasks at child ages 2 and 3 that were subsequently coded to assess PBS. Primary caregivers reported on children's school‐age extracurricular involvement at ages 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5. Results indicated that although there was not a direct path between intervention status and children's school‐age extracurricular involvement, a significant indirect path emerged from intervention group to changes in PBS between ages 2 to 3 to children's school‐age extracurricular involvement. The results are discussed in terms of implications for designing preventive interventions in early childhood that promote extracurricular involvement at school‐age, particularly for children at risk for maladaptive outcomes.
Interpersonal skills scale: Development and validation in urbanized sample of adolescents
Authors: Zahra Sayyeda Taskeen , Saleem Sadia , Subhan Sara , Mahmood Zahid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterpersonal skills play a vital role in the growth and development of adolescents. The current study explored the experience and manifestation of interpersonal skills in Pakistani adolescents. In phase I, using open‐ended phenomenological approach, key components of interpersonal skills were elicited from 32 adolescents (boys = 16; girls = 16) aged 11–19 years (M = 14.48;SD = 1.06). In phase II, Content Validity Index for items (I‐CVIs) and scale (S‐CVI) was established. In phase III, pilot testing was carried out on 21 adolescents (boys = 11; girls = 10). In Phase IV, a sample of 674 adolescents (boys = 47%; girls = 53%) aged 11–19 years (M = 14.88;SD = 1.33) were tested for psychometric properties of Interpersonal Skills Scale along with Social Intelligence Scale for Adolescents and Self‐Esteem Scale for Children. Exploratory Factor Analysis (n = 221) generated three factors of the Interpersonal Skills Scalesocial engagement,sociability, andsocial etiquettes. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (n = 453) also supported the three‐factor structure of the Interpersonal Skills Scale. Furthermore, the scale found to have high internal consistency, construct validity, discriminant validity, split‐half reliability, and test–retest reliability. The results are discussed in the light of factorial structure in the Pakistani cultural context.
Post‐truth politics and discursive psychology
Authors: Demasi Mirko A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article argues for the potential of discursive psychology (DP) in the study of post‐truth politics. Work produced outside of psychology is considered, particularly from political science and international relations, which have made a promising start. Providing an overview of this body of research, I argue for their respective strengths and weaknesses. The literature so far tends to work with the notion that truth and emotion are matters that are, or at least should be, distinguishable. Instead, I argue that, rather than lament the blurring between truth and untruth, one should look to how these unfold as matters of practical concern in political discourse. DP is a tool particularly suited to the task; it highlights the importance of viewing ‘truth’ as a rhetorical resource. In this light, we can view post‐truth politics as a rhetorical matter rather than a degeneration of truth.
Lipid kinases PIP5K7 and PIP5K9 are required for polyamine‐triggered K+ efflux in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Zarza Xavier , Van Wijk Ringo , Shabala Lana , Hunkeler Anna , Lefebvre Matthew , Rodriguez‐Villalón Antia , Shabala Sergey , Tiburcio Antonio F. , Heilmann Ingo , Munnik Teun 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYPolyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine (Spm), are low‐molecular‐weight polycationic molecules present in all living organisms. Despite their implication in plant cellular processes, little is known about their molecular mode of action. Here, we demonstrate that polyamines trigger a rapid increase in the regulatory membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2), and that this increase is required for polyamine effects on K+ efflux in Arabidopsis roots. Using in vivo 32Pi‐labelling of Arabidopsis seedlings, low physiological (μm) concentrations of Spm were found to promote a rapid PIP2 increase in roots that was time‐ and dose‐dependent. Confocal imaging of a genetically encoded PIP2 biosensor revealed that this increase was triggered at the plasma membrane. Differential 32Pi‐labelling suggested that the increase in PIP2 was generated through activation of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase (PIP5K) activity rather than inhibition of a phospholipase C or PIP2 5‐phosphatase activity. Systematic analysis of transfer DNA insertion mutants identified PIP5K7 and PIP5K9 as the main candidates involved in the Spm‐induced PIP2 response. Using non‐invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation, we discovered that the Spm‐triggered K+ efflux response was strongly reduced in pip5k7 pip5k9 seedlings. Together, our results provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a physiological role of PIP2 in polyamine‐mediated signalling controlling K+ flux in plants.