bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive Greenhouse Vegetable Production Decreases Spatial Turnover and Increases Stochasticity of Soil Bacterial Communities
Authors: Zhou Xingang , Rahman Muhammad Khashi u , Liu Jiayao , Wu Fengzhi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Soil microorganisms regulate many critical ecosystem processes and understanding how soil microbial communities respond to anthropogenic disturbance, such as land-use change, is of great ecological importance. However, the effects of land-use change on soil microbial community assembly processes at regional scale are still poorly understood. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR analysis, we characterized soil bacterial community assembly in agricultural fields with different land-use types, (1) open field cultivated with main crops or (2) vegetables, and (3) greenhouse cultivated with vegetables. Greenhouse vegetable production was more intensive than other two use types.Results: Greenhouse vegetable production decreased the alpha diversity and changed the composition of soil bacterial community. Co-occurrence network and cohesion analyses showed that the bacterial community was less closely interconnected under greenhouse conditions. Land-use type sensitive OTUs were taxonomically diverse, and responded differently to changes in edaphic variables and showed different co-occurrence patterns. The spatial turnover rates of habitat and bacterial community were lower for greenhouse cultivated with vegetables. Null model analysis found that the bacterial community assembly was mainly governed by deterministic processes; however, bacterial community in greenhouse soils was phylogenetically less clustered and was more sensitive to stochastic processes. Soil pH was the major factor in shaping bacterial community structure and mediating the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes.Conclusions: Overall, this study revealed that agricultural intensification led to loss of biodiversity and homogenization of soil bacterial communities across spaces. Moreover, intensive greenhouse vegetable production decreased the habitat heterogeneity, eventually lowering the habitat preference, and thus increased the relative importance of stochastic processes. These findings enhance our understanding of how soil bacterial communities respond to anthropogenic disturbance, and may provide crucial implications for improving soil quality and agroecosystem sustainability.
The Investigation of the Relationship Between the Inherited Thrombophilia and Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia
Authors: Kiraz Aslihan , Guzeldag Seda , Eren Esma , Goksu Musa , Bayram Arslan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. It was reported that there is a relationship between severe NCP and hypercoagulable conditions that predispose patients to thrombosis. Thrombophilia is a multifactor condition that can result from genetic factors, acquired factors, or a combination of both. The prothrombin gene (F2 rs1799963 known as G20210A), Factor V Leiden (F5 rs6025 known as G1691A) and PAI-1 (rs1799768) are important polymorphic biomarkers of thrombophilia that are investigated in severe NCP patients within this study.Methods: NCP-diagnosed 62 previously healthy male patients (mean age 38.83±11.04) without any chronic disease were enrolled in this study for the investigation of the well-known thrombophilia-related abovementioned polymorphisms. The diagnosis of NCP was made according to the World Health Organization interim guidance and confirmed by RNA detection. SNPs were detected by real-time PCR. The frequency of genotypes was compared with healthy control group frequencies from other studies performed in the Turkish population.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the severe patient group and the healthy population regarding the investigated SNPs.Conclusion: This study is the first to rule out the relationship of rs1799963 (FII), rs6025 (FV) and rs1799768 (PAI-1) with severe NCP. As there is an obvious relation between severe NCP and genetic thrombophilia susceptibility, studies focused on other thrombophilia-related genetic factors and this disease must be performed.
Reversible Lesion of the Corpus Callosum Associated With COVID-19: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gemici Yagmur Inalkac , Tasci Irem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Major CNS manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 include seizures, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, anosmia, hypogeusia, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy, and nonfocal phenomena including lethargy, agitation, confusion, headache, and ataxia. The reversible splenial lesion syndrome (MERS) was first described in 2004. Although MERS was initially recognized as a benign phenomenon, a second type of MERS was identified in later years, which has a poor prognosis and potentially serious sequela. MERS can be caused by numerous etiologies including viruses. In this report, we present a patient with SARS-CoV-2 who presented with ataxia and dizziness as the clinical symptoms of MERS, which is a rare clinical phenomenon and can be caused by numerous etiologies.
Tetanus toxoid immunization Coverage and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Nigussie Jemberu , Girma Bekahegn , Molla Alemayehu , Mareg Moges 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Tetanus is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetanus which is a highly fatal, non-communicable, and toxin-mediated disease. Globally, both maternal and neonatal tetanus is a public health problem due to low maternal tetanus toxoid vaccination. The main strategies for the prevention of maternal and neonatal tetanus at birth were vaccination of the mothers with a protective dose of tetanus toxoid and clean delivery. Ethiopia has the highest neonatal mortality and morbidity related to tetanus in the world due to low tetanus toxoid immunization coverage and a higher number of home-deliveries. The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled tetanus toxoid immunization coverage and associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: The primary studies for this review were searched from PubMed/MEDLINE online, Science Direct, and Hinari databases. We retrieved 212 records; of these, 199 articles were excluded due to different reasons, and 13 studies were included in the systematic review and this meta-analysis. The data were extracted in Microsoft Excel format and exported to STATA Version 14.0 statistical software for analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 test. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled coverage of two or more tetanus toxoid immunization and its associated factors. Egger’s weighted regression and Begg’s rank correlation test were used to assess publication bias at a 5% significance level. Result: The pooled estimate of at least two dose of tetanus toxoid immunization coverage was 52.6% (95% CI 41.4%–63.8%). Ante-natal care (ANC) visits [OR = 7.8 (95% CI; 3.2, 19.2)], media exposure [OR = 8.3 (95% CI; 2.1. 33.3), distance from the health facility [OR = 2.635 (95% CI; 1.1, 6.6)], educational status of mothers [OR = 0.225 (95% CI; 0.105, 0.483) and husband educational status [OR = 0.184 (95% CI; 0.104, 0.323)] were significantly associated factors for tetanus toxoid immunization coverage in Ethiopia.Conclusion: The tetanus toxoid immunization coverage among childbearing women was low in Ethiopia. Strengthening maternal health service utilization (ANC, institutional delivery) to the nearest health facility including in health posts and empowering education is recommended to increase tetanus toxoid immunization coverage. Additionally, awareness creation on the advantage of taking tetanus toxoid immunization should be emphasized.
Adolescent motherhood in rural Nepal: passive sensing data illuminates daily experiences in maternal lives
Authors: Hagaman Ashley , Mercado Damaris Lopez , Poudyal Anubhuti , Bemme Dorte , Boone Clare , Heerden Alastair van , Byanjankar Prabin , Maharjan Sujen Man , Thapa Ada , Kohrt Brandon A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescent pregnancy, particularly in low-income settings, is associated with adverse health and social outcomes for both mother and child. Nepal has the second highest rate of adolescent pregnancy in South Asia alongside high rates of maternal depression and suicide. While the maternal morbidity risks of adolescent pregnancy are well researched, impacts on everyday lives, including behaviors and predictable patterns are less well-known. Passive sensing (geographic movement, physical activity, and proximity to infants using Bluetooth technology) is an emerging technology that can enhance the detection of behavior patterns. Given the risk of the postpartum period in LMIC settings, we sought to characterize normal behavioral patterns via passive sensing technology. Methods: We collected passive data over a two-week period with 22 mothers using phone-based GPS, accelerometry, and Bluetooth technologies. Passive data was aggregated for each mother, collapsed into hourly readings, and descriptively summarized. We triangulated this information in a constant comparative approach with a range of qualitative data including multiple in-depth interviews, a daily diary, and systematic fieldnotes. Results: Passive data illuminated a range of behaviors that varied across our participants. Women, during the average time window of 4am and 8pm, spent more than 80% of the day with their infants, were detected as ‘active’ 10-20% of the time in any given hour with peaks in the morning and mid-afternoon, and traveled fewer than 1675 meters from their homes. Household work, instrumental childcare, and household support, paired with the infant’s age, appeared to drive activity patterns. Women with higher amounts of activity and GPS movement had more household support for chores and childcare. Women with young infants had smaller amounts of activity and GPS movement. Women that had nearly no time away from their infant expressed overwhelming responsibilities and increased stress, but also role fulfillment in that time with their infant was an indicator of good mothering. Conclusion: We reveal typical behavioral patterns of rural adolescent mothers and highlight opportunities for integrating this information to improve health and well-being.
Correlations of IL-6, IL-6R, IL-10 and IL-17 gene polymorphisms with the prevalence of COVID-2019 infection and its mortality rate&nbsp;
Authors: Batur Lutfiye Karcıoğlu , Hekim Nezih 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The pathogenesis of COVID-19 implicates a potent inflammatory response resulting in cytokine storm. We aimed to evaluate association between polymorphisms in IL-6 gene at rs1800796/rs1800795, IL-6R at rs2228145, IL-10 at rs1800896 and rs1800871, IL-17 at rs2275913 and rs76378, and the prevalence (per million) and mortality rates (per million) of COVID-19 among populations of China, Japan, India, Iran, Spain, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Sweden, Turkey, Finland, Brazil, Czechia, Russia, Poland. AG and GG genotypes of rs2275913 in IL-17A was found to be correlated with prevalence and mortality rates, especially in Spain and Brazil populations (p<0.05) while TT genotype of rs763780 in IL-17F was not dependent on the high frequencies in all populations. However, the polymorphisms in IL-6, IL-6R and IL-10 appear not to be correlated with prevalence and mortality rates. The variations in the prevalence of COVID-19 and its mortality rates among countries may be explained by cytokine storm differed by the polymorphisms of rs2275913 locus in IL-17A gene. However, the prevalence of infection differs from severity of COVID-19, based on many factors such as public awareness, behaviors and antiviral policy of countries. Yet, the severity of disease induced by viral infection might be associated with genetic host factors including immune profiling.
Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Properties of Enhydra fluctuans Lour: a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Barua Antica , Alam Muhammad S. , Junaid Md. , Akter Yeasmin , Afrose Syeda S. , Sharmin Tania , Akter Rasheda , Hosen S.M. Zahid 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Enhydra fluctuans Lour, a tropical herb, commonly known as helencha or
harkuch, belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is an edible semi-aquatic herbaceous vegetable plant with
serrate leaves and grows commonly in different parts of the world. Enhydra fluctuans possesses potential
pharmacological role against inflammation, cancer, diarrhea, microbial infection, diabetes, etc.

Aim:
This review aims to provide the most current information on the botanical characterization, distribution,
traditional uses, chemical constituents, as well as the pharmacological activities of Enhydra
fluctuans Lour.

Materials and Methods:
The recently updated information on Enhydra fluctuans was gathered from
scientific journals, books, and worldwide accepted scientific databases via a library and electronic
search PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley online library. All
of the full-text articles and abstracts related to Enhydra were screened. The most important and relevant
articles were carefully chosen for study in this review.

Results:
Crude extracts and isolated compounds of Enhydra fluctuans Lour have been reported to be
pharmacologically active against cytoprotective, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer,
antidiarrheal, antihelmintic, CNS depressant, hepatoprotective, thrombolytic, antidiabetic, antioxidant,
phagocytic and cytotoxic, and neuroprotective potential activities.

Discussion:
Phytochemical analysis from different studies has reported Germacranolide, Sesquiterpene
lactone, Flavonoid, Essential oil, Steroid, Diterpenoid, Melampolide, Sesquiterpene lactone, and Isoflavone
glycoside as major compounds of Enhydra fluctuans Lour.

Conclusions:
However, more research is needed to explore the mode of action of bioactive components
of the plant and its therapeutic capabilities.
Substituted 6,7-dimethoxy-5-oxo-2,3,5,9b-tetrahydrothiazolo[2,3-a]isoindole- 3-1,1-dioxide Derivatives with Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Assisted Prediction of the Mechanism of their Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties
Authors: Geronikaki Athina , Kartsev Victor , Eleftheriou Phaedra , Petrou Anthi , Glamočlija Jasmina , Ciric Anna , Soković Marina 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Although a great number of the targets of antimicrobial therapy have been
achieved, it remains among the first fields of pharmaceutical research, mainly because of the development
of resistant strains. Docking analysis may be an important tool in the research for the development
of more effective agents against specific drug targets or multi-target agents 1-3.

Methods:
In the present study, based on docking analysis, ten tetrahydrothiazolo[2,3-a]isoindole derivatives
were chosen for the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity.

Results:
All compounds showed antibacterial activity against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacterial species being, in some cases, more potent than ampicillin and streptomycin against all species.
The most sensitive bacteria appeared to be S. aureus and En. Cloacae, while M. flavus, E. coli and P.
aeruginosa were the most resistant ones. The compounds were also tested for their antifungal activity
against eight fungal species. All compounds exhibited good antifungal activity better than reference
drugs bifonazole (1.4 – 41 folds) and ketoconazole (1.1 – 406 folds) against all fungal species. In order
to elucidate the mechanism of action, docking studies on different antimicrobial targets were performed.

Conclusion:
According to docking analysis, the antifungal activity can be explained by the inhibition of
the CYP51 enzyme for most compounds with a better correlation of the results obtained for the P.v.c.
strain (linear regression between estimated binding Energy and log(1/MIC) with R 2 =0.867 and
p=0.000091 or R 2 = 0.924, p= 0.000036, when compound 3 is excluded.
Advancements in Treatment Options of Women Infertility
Authors: Lorzadeh Nahid , Kazemirad Yasaman , Kazemirad Nastran 
Published: September 2020

:
Infertility is defined as inability to conceive pregnancy after one year or more of unprotected sex, among the
women at the risk of conceiving pregnancy. In addition, to age-factor, it is known to be associated with pathological and
genetic conditions that contribute to its early onset. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, fibroids and
blockade in fallopian tubes are certain common pathological causes of female infertility. Researches are focused to
eradicate primary cause of infertility in order to achieve healthy fertile ground for fertilization. Depending on the cause,
therapeutic options include, medicines (chemical, herbal and Chinese), hormonal stimulation, surgery, assistive
reproductive technology and tissue engineering. To the extent of research, biotechnology has played significant role to
answer the problem. This review discusses advancements in these therapeutic fields, in order to treat women-associated
infertility.
Atorvastatin Prevents the Neuron Loss in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Region through its Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Activities
Authors: Yadollah-Damavandi Soheila , Sharifi Zahra N. , Arani Hamid Z. , Jangholi Ehsan , Karimi Aliasghar , Parsa Yekta , Movassaghi Shabnam 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Atorvastatin is a member of statins, which has shown positive vascular effects,
anti-oxidant, anti-platelet, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Objective:
In this study, we hypothesized that atorvastatin could prevent the neurons lost in the hippocampal
dentate gyrus region after transient global Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) through its anti-
oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities.

Method:
Twenty-four male Wistar rats, 12-13 weeks old and weighing 250–300 g, were divided
randomly into four groups: control, I/R, vehicle (I/R treated with NaCl) and experiment (I/R treated
with atorvastatin, 10 mg/kg); rats were sacrificed 96 hours after I/R. Quantitative expression of
genes (caspase 8, p53, bax, bcl2, cytochrome c) was studied. The MDA level, SOD, CAT, and GPx
activities were measured with biochemical tests. To detect apoptotic cells, TUNEL and Nissl staining
were performed. Mitochondria were prepared from the hippocampus rats and used for the quantification
of mitochondrial ROS, ATP level, GSH content, membrane potential, cytochrome c release,
and determination of mitochondrial swelling.

Results:
Atorvastatin attenuated the overexpression of bax, cytochrome C, p53, and caspase8 mRNAs
and induced expression of bcl-2 mRNA (P<0.001). Atorvastatin treatment increased anti-oxidant
enzyme levels (P<0.01). Treatment with atorvastatin reduced the number of TUNEL-positive
cells. It could decrease the cytochrome c release (P<0.01), inhibit the decrease of MMP (P<0.001)
and increase the ATP level (P<0.001) in hippocampal mitochondria compared with the I/R group.

Conclusion:
Atorvastatin treatment in I/R rats decreases oxidative stress, production of ROS, apoptosis
rate in neuronal cells, and improves the mitochondrial function. Hence, atorvastatin has a
proper neuronal protective effect against the I/R injury in the brain.
Rule-based Classifiers for Suspect Detection from CCTV Footages
Authors: Pathak Sunil 
Published: September 2020

Background:
A significant work has been presented to identify suspects, gathering
information and examining any videos from the CCTV Footage. This exploration work expects to
recognize suspicious exercises, i.e., object trade, the passage of another individual, peeping into
other's answer sheet and individual trade from the video caught by a reconnaissance camera amid
examinations. This requires the procedure of face acknowledgment, hand acknowledgment and
distinguishing the contact between the face and hands of a similar individual and that among various
people.

Methods:
Segmented frames have been given as input to obtain a foreground image with the help
of Gaussian filtering and background modeling method. Such foreground images have been given
to Activity Recognition model to detect normal activity or suspicious activity.

Result:
Accuracy rate, Precision and Recall are calculated for activities detection, contact detection
for Best Case, Average Case and Worst Case. Simulation results are compared with performance
parameter such as Material Exchange, Position Exchange, and Introduction of a new person,
Face and Hand Detection and Multi Person Scenario.

Conclusion:
In this paper, a framework is prepared for suspect detection. This framework will
absolutely realize an unrest in the field of security observation in the training area.
Sleep Tracking of a Commercially Available Smart Ring and Smartwatch Against Medical-Grade Actigraphy in Everyday Settings: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Asgari Mehrabadi Milad , Azimi Iman , Sarhaddi Fatemeh , Axelin Anna , Niela-Vilén Hannakaisa , Myllyntausta Saana , Stenholm Sari , Dutt Nikil , Liljeberg Pasi , Rahmani Amir M 
Published: September 2020

Background
Assessment of sleep quality is essential to address poor sleep quality and understand changes. Owing to the advances in the Internet of Things and wearable technologies, sleep monitoring under free-living conditions has become feasible and practicable. Smart rings and smartwatches can be employed to perform mid- or long-term home-based sleep monitoring. However, the validity of such wearables should be investigated in terms of sleep parameters. Sleep validation studies are mostly limited to short-term laboratory tests; there is a need for a study to assess the sleep attributes of wearables in everyday settings, where users engage in their daily routines.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the sleep parameters of the Oura ring along with the Samsung Gear Sport watch in comparison with a medically approved actigraphy device in a midterm everyday setting, where users engage in their daily routines.

Methods
We conducted home-based sleep monitoring in which the sleep parameters of 45 healthy individuals (23 women and 22 men) were tracked for 7 days. Total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset (WASO) of the ring and watch were assessed using paired t tests, Bland-Altman plots, and Pearson correlation. The parameters were also investigated considering the gender of the participants as a dependent variable.

Results
We found significant correlations between the ring’s and actigraphy’s TST (r=0.86; P<.001), WASO (r=0.41; P<.001), and SE (r=0.47; P<.001). Comparing the watch with actigraphy showed a significant correlation in TST (r=0.59; P<.001). The mean differences in TST, WASO, and SE of the ring and actigraphy were within satisfactory ranges, although there were significant differences between the parameters (P<.001); TST and SE mean differences were also within satisfactory ranges for the watch, and the WASO was slightly higher than the range (31.27, SD 35.15). However, the mean differences of the parameters between the watch and actigraphy were considerably higher than those of the ring. The watch also showed a significant difference in TST (P<.001) between female and male groups.

Conclusions
In a sample population of healthy adults, the sleep parameters of both the Oura ring and Samsung watch have acceptable mean differences and indicate significant correlations with actigraphy, but the ring outperforms the watch in terms of the nonstaging sleep parameters.