bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed cytokinesis generates multinuclearity and potential advantages in the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff strain
Authors: Quinet Théo , Samba-Louaka Ascel , Héchard Yann , Van Doninck Karine , Van der Henst Charles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultinuclearity is a widespread phenomenon across the living world, yet how it is achieved, and the potential related advantages, are not systematically understood. In this study, we investigate multinuclearity in amoebae. We observe that non-adherent amoebae are giant multinucleate cells compared to adherent ones. The cells solve their multinuclearity by a stretchy cytokinesis process with cytosolic bridge formation when adherence resumes. After initial adhesion to a new substrate, the progeny of the multinucleate cells is more numerous than the sibling cells generated from uninucleate amoebae. Hence, multinucleate amoebae show an advantage for population growth when the number of cells is quantified over time. Multiple nuclei per cell are observed in different amoeba species, and the lack of adhesion induces multinuclearity in diverse protists such as Acanthamoebacastellanii, Vermamoebavermiformis, Naegleriagruberi and Hartmannellarhysodes. In this study, we observe that agitation induces a cytokinesis delay, which promotes multinuclearity. Hence, we propose the hypothesis that multinuclearity represents a physiological adaptation under non-adherent conditions that can lead to biologically relevant advantages.
Fermented soybean meal affects the ruminal fermentation and the abundance of selected bacterial species in Holstein calves: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Feizi Leila Kaviani , Zad Sabihe Soleymanian , Jalali Seyed Amir Hossein , Rafiee Hassan , Jazi Masoud Boroumand , Sadeghi Khaled , Kowsar Rasoul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effect of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with fermented SBM (FSBM) on ruminal fermentation and bacterial abundance in Holstein calves was investigated in this study. Thirty nine calves were randomized to: (1) control: 27% SBM + 0% FSBM (FSBM0, n = 13); (2) 18% SBM + 9% FSBM (FSBM9, n = 13); and (3) 13.5% SBM + 13.5% FSBM (FSBM13, n = 13). SBM contained a greater amount of large peptides containing 3 to 10 amino acids (AAs), while FSBM had a greater amount of ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), free AAs, and small peptides containing 2 to 3 AAs. The calves fed FSBM13 had the lowest acetic acid, NH3–N, and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with the greatest concentration of caproic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid in ruminal fluid. Compared to those fed FSBM9 or FSBM13, the calves fed FSBM0 had the greatest proportion of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus albus in rumen fluid. However, the ruminal abundance of Prevotella ruminicola in calves fed FSBM13 was greater than in calves fed FSBM0. Network analysis showed that the abundance of the Ruminococcus albus was associated with large peptides, and butyric acid was correlated with small peptide. Taken together, our findings suggest that FSBM may have the potential to boost calf performance by changing the fermentation products and the relative abundance of some members of the bacterial community in the rumen.
Circulatory and prostatic tissue lipidomic profiles shifts after high-dose atorvastatin use in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Raittinen Paavo , Niemistö Kati , Pennanen Erika , Syvälä Heimo , Auriola Seppo , Riikonen Jarno , Lehtimäki Terho , Ilmonen Pauliina , Murtola Teemu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProstate cancer patients using cholesterol-lowering statins have 30% lower risk of prostate cancer death compared to non-users. The effect is attributed to the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, statin use causes lipoprotein metabolism changes in the serum. Statin effect on serum or intraprostatic lipidome profiles in prostate cancer patients has not been explored. We studied changes in the serum metabolomic and prostatic tissue lipidome after high-dose 80 mg atorvastatin intervention to expose biological mechanisms causing the observed survival benefit. Our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial consisted of 103 Finnish men with prostate cancer. We observed clear difference in post-intervention serum lipoprotein lipid profiles between the study arms (median classification error 11.7%). The atorvastatin effect on intraprostatic lipid profile was not as clear (median classification error 44.7%), although slightly differing lipid profiles by treatment arm was observed, which became more pronounced in men who used atorvastatin above the median of 27 days (statin group median classification error 27.2%). Atorvastatin lowers lipids important for adaptation for hypoxic microenvironment in the prostate suggesting that prostate cancer cell survival benefit associated with statin use might be mediated by both, local and systemic, lipidomic/metabolomic profile changes.
Source rock evaluation of Afowo clay type from the Eastern Dahomey Basin, Nigeria: insights from different measurements
Authors: Mohammed Saeed , Opuwari Mimonitu , Titinchi Salam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Cretaceous Afowo Formation in the Eastern Dohamey Basin is characterized by an admixture of lithofacies ranging from sandstones, claystones, shales, clays, sand/shale, and sand/clay intercalations. The sandy facies, a mix of sandstone, clay, shale, and intercalations, contain biodegraded hydrocarbons while the shales and claystones that underlie it are rich in organic matter. The hydrocarbon-bearing interval is commonly referred to as the oil sand or tar sand. In this study, Afowo clay type underlying an outcrop of the oil sand was appraised for its hydrocarbon potential with loss on ignition, thermogravimetry, and rock evaluation pyrolysis. Results obtained from loss on ignition showed that total organic matter content, a proxy to total organic carbon, for the Afowo clay type ranged from 9.410 to 38.750 wt%. The organic maturation temperature (Tmax) was determined using both thermogravimetry and rock evaluation pyrolysis (Rock–Eval). Thermogravimetric analysis produced reliable Tmax within the range of 417–424 °C for all the samples. The results from rock evaluation pyrolysis on the same samples showed that total organic carbon ranged from 0.81 to 18.46 wt% with Tmax ranging from 417 to 424 °C. It was not possible to determine Tmax for one of the samples with Rock–Eval due to a small S2 value (0.22 mg Hc/g). The variations in organic matter contents from loss on ignition agree with total organic carbon computed from rock evaluation pyrolysis; samples with high organic matter contents have corresponding high TOC values. This study demonstrates that loss on ignition and thermogravimetry could complement and augment rock evaluation pyrolysis data for petroleum source rock characterization.
Experimental infection of hepatitis E virus induces pancreatic necroptosis in miniature pigs
Authors: Jung Soontag , Seo Dong Joo , Yeo Daseul , Wang Zhaoqi , Min Ae , Zhao Ziwei , Song Mengxiao , Choi In-Soo , Myoung Jinjong , Choi Changsun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfection by hepatitis E virus (HEV) via the oral route causes acute hepatitis. Extra-hepatic manifestations of HEV infection may stem from various causes; however, its distribution in organs such as the liver, as well as the mechanisms underlying HEV-induced cell injury, remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the chronological distribution of HEV in various tissues of HEV-challenged miniature pigs and to investigate the mechanisms underlying HEV-induced cell death in the pancreas and liver. Virological and serological analyses were performed on blood and faecal samples. Histopathology of the liver and extra-hepatic tissues was analysed. Cell death pathways and immune cell characterisation in inflammatory lesions were analysed using immunohistochemistry. The liver and pancreas displayed inflammation and cellular injury, and a large amount of HEV was observed in the lesions. The liver was infiltrated by T and natural killer cells. HEV was identified in all organs except the heart, and was associated with immune cells. Although the liver and the pancreas strongly expressed TNF-α and TRAIL, TUNEL assay results were negative. RIP3 and pMLKL were expressed in the pancreas. RIP3, but not pMLKL, was expressed in the liver. Pancreatitis induced in HEV-infected miniature pigs is associated with necroptosis.
Severity and long-term complications of surgical site infections after orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Cousin Anne-Sabine , Bouletreau Pierre , Giai Joris , Ibrahim Badr , Louvrier Aurélien , Sigaux Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSI) occur in 1.4% to 33.4% of cases after orthognathic surgery. This type of complication is a major concern to surgical teams, but there is no consensus for the prevention and treatment of SSI in orthognathic surgery. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate the severity and the consequences of postoperative infections. The charts of all the patients operated on by the orthognathic surgery team between January 2015 and July 2017 were collected. All types of orthognathic procedures (Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split mandibular osteotomy, and genioplasty) were screened, and patients diagnosed with SSI were included. Demographic data, timing and severity of the infection, as well as long-term complications were recorded. Five hundred and twelve patients were screened. Forty-one patients (8%) presenting with SSI were included. There were 18 men and 23 women. The site of the infection was mandibular for 38 patients (92.7%) and maxillary for 3 patients (7.3%). The average time between surgery and infection was 31.5 days. Twenty-four patients received isolated oral antibiotics for inflammatory cellulitic reaction (58.8%), 15 patients had a localized collection treated by incision and drainage under local anesthesia (36.6%), and 2 patients had an extensive collection requiring surgical drainage under general anesthesia (4.9%). Five patients (12.2%) needed hardware removal for plate loosening, and 2 patients (4.9%) developed chronic osteomyelitis. Infection following orthognathic surgery is easily treated most of the time with no long-term complications. In cases of patients with potential risk factors for severe infection, antibiotics may be given with curative intents.
Chloroquine as a promising adjuvant therapy for type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: de Almeida Júnior Renato Ferreira , de Souza Karla Simone Costa , Galdino Ony Araujo , da Silva Junior Arnóbio Antônio , Arrais Ricardo Fernando , Machado Paula Renata Lima , Farias Kleber Juvenal Silva , de Rezende Adriana Augusto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine, are promising anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment ofDiabetes mellitus(DM) to prevent associated complications. Therefore, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of CQ-free and CQ-incorporated polylactic acid nanoparticles (NPs) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with type 1Diabetes mellitus(T1DM). In total, 25 normoglycemic individuals and 25 patients with T1DM aged 10–16 years were selected and glycemic controls evaluated. After cell viability assessed by MTT assay, T1DM PBMCs were subjected to a CQ concentration of 10 µM in three different conditions: not treated (NT), treated with CQ, and treated with CQ NPs. The cells were incubated for 48 h, and the mRNA expressions of cytokinesIL1B, IFNG, TNFA, IL12,andIL10were determined by relative quantification through real-time PCR at 24 h intervals.IL1Bexpression decreased in CQ and CQ NP-treated cells after 48 h (p < 0.001) and 24 h (p < 0.05) of treatment, respectively.IFNGandIL12expressions significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in cells treated with CQ and CQ NPs at 24 and 48 h compared to NT.TNFAandIL10expressions significantly decreased after 48 h (p < 0.001) and 24 h (p < 0.002), respectively, by both CQ and CQ NPs treatment. Despite being a preliminary in vitro study, CQ has anti-inflammatory activity in the primary cells of T1DM patients and could represent an alternative and adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapy to prevent diabetes complications.
Clinical characteristics and disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized adults
Authors: Yoon Jin Gu , Noh Ji Yun , Choi Won Suk , Park Jin Ju , Suh Yoo Bin , Song Joon Young , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the adult population has not been well characterized compared to children. Investigation of the clinical characteristics and disease burden of adult RSV infection would help to establish public health policy and a future vaccine strategy. We retrospectively collected medical records of hospitalized adult patients who were diagnosed with RSV infection from January 2012 to December 2015 from three tertiary hospitals. Baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes and economic charge during hospitalization were compared by age groups (19–49 years, 50–64 years, and ≥ 65 years) using Chi-square test. The odds of risk factors of RSV pneumonia were calculated using binary logistic regression. A total of 204 patients from three hospitals were enrolled. Patients who older than 65 years were 132 (64.7%). 118 (57.8%) patients had clinically confirmed pneumonia and 22 (10.8%) died in a hospital. The median medical cost of RSV pneumonia was 2,855.26 USD (interquartile range, 1,561.85–5,379.55) per each admission. Solid cancer (adjusted OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.65–9.02, p = 0.002) and hematologic malignancy (all patients had pneumonia) were shown to be risk factors for RSV pneumonia. RSV infection in South Korea seemed to have a significant burden among adults as pneumonia, care in the intensive care unit and mortality. Nationwide awareness and further effort to recognize the current burden, prepare specific treatment, and prevent adult RSV infection would be necessary.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological reassessments of thief ants identify a new potential case of biological invasions
Authors: Sharaf Mostafa R. , Gotzek Dietrich , Guénard Benoit , Fisher Brian L. , Aldawood Abdulrahman S. , Al Dhafer Hathal M. , Mohamed Amr A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpecies delimitation offered by DNA-based approaches can provide important insights into the natural history and diversity of species, but the cogency of such processes is limited without multigene phylogenies. Recent attempts to barcode various Solenopsidini ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), including the thief antSolenopsis saudiensisSharaf & Aldawood, 2011 described from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), were precipitated by the unexpected existence of a closely related species, the NearcticS.abditaThompson, 1989 within theS. molestaspecies complex native to Florida. This finding left the species status of the former uncertain. Here, we investigated the taxonomy and phylogeny of these two species to determine whether or notS.abditarepresents a new global tramp species. We inferred a phylogeny of the two species using DNA sequence data from four nuclear genes (Abd-A,EF1α-F1,EF1α-F2, andWingless) and one mitochondrial gene (COI) sampled from populations in Florida, Guatemala, Hawaii, and Saudi Arabia. Both species clustered into one distinct and robust clade. The taxonomy ofS.saudiensiswas re‐examined using morphometrics. A reassessment of the morphological characters used to diagnose the worker and queen castes were consistent with molecular evidence. Based on combined morphological and molecular evidencesS.saudiensisis declared as a junior synonym ofS.abdita(syn. nov.). In addition, our findings indicate thatS.abditais a novel global tramp species which has a far wider distribution than previously thought and has established itself in many new habitats and different geographic realms.
Soil and foliar application of rock dust as natural control agent for two-spotted spider mites on tomato plants
Authors: Faraone Nicoletta , Evans Rodger , LeBlanc Julia , Hillier Neil Kirk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMineral-based products represent a valid alternative to synthetic pesticides in integrated pest management. We investigated the effects of a novel granite dust product as an agent for controlling two-spotted spider mites,Tetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae), on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicumL.). Two-choice tests for repellency and repulsiveness, and no-choice bioassays with different type of applications (soil, foliar, and soil–foliar) were used in order to evaluate performance and action of the product. Evaluation of epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of treated plants and elemental analyses of leaves were performed. In repulsiveness experiments, almost all dust treatments significantly inhibited mites from migrating to and/or settling on the treated leaf. In repellency experiments, foliar and soil dust treatments were not significantly different from control. Significant mortality was observed for all dust treatments in two-choice and in no-choice bioassays, suggesting mites are susceptible to rock dust by contact, and by indirect interaction through the feeding on plants subjected to soil application of rock dust. Leaf epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of treated plants showed structural variation due to mineral accumulation, which was also confirmed by elemental analyses of leaves. These results demonstrate for the first time that granite rock dust interacts with two-spotted spider mites by modifying pest behavior and via acaricidal action, providing more insights in understanding the mechanism of this novel natural product as pest management tool.
Impact of solid surface hydrophobicity and micrococcal nuclease production on Staphylococcus aureus Newman biofilms
Authors: Forson Abigail M. , van der Mei Henny C. , Sjollema Jelmer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with biofilm-related infections and contributes to the large financial loss that accompany nosocomial infections. The micrococcal nuclease Nuc1 enzyme limits biofilm formation via cleavage of eDNA, a structural component of the biofilm matrix. Solid surface hydrophobicity influences bacterial adhesion forces and may as well influence eDNA production. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the impact of Nuc1 activity is dependent on surface characteristics of solid surfaces. For this reason, this study investigated the influence of solid surface hydrophobicity on S. aureus Newman biofilms where Nuc1 is constitutively produced. To this end, biofilms of both a wild-type and a nuc1 knockout mutant strain, grown on glass, salinized glass and Pluronic F-127-coated silanized glass were analysed. Results indicated that biofilms can grow in the presence of Nuc1 activity. Also, Nuc1 and solid surface hydrophobicity significantly affected the biofilm 3D-architecture. In particular, biofilm densities of the wild-type strain on hydrophilic surfaces appeared higher than of the mutant nuc1 knockout strain. Since virulence is related to bacterial cell densities, this suggests that the virulence of S. aureus Newman biofilms is increased by its nuclease production in particular on a hydrophilic surface.
Biomarkers of myocardial injury in rats after cantharidin poisoning: Application for postmortem diagnosis and estimation of postmortem interval
Authors: Zhang Youyou , Yu Yalei , Zhang Jie , Guan Chuhuai , Liu Liang , Ren Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPostmortem diagnosis of cantharidin-induced myocardial injury and postmortem interval estimation (PMI) are the challenges in forensic science. Cardiac biomarkers play an important role in the prediction and diagnosis of myocardial injury and can be used to determine the PMI. Based on the evidence, we aimed to explore the biomarkers which may be used for the postmortem diagnosis of cantharidin-induced myocardial injury and PMI estimation using the study of the proteins expression of TN-T, VEGF and HIF-1α by ELISA. Results of this study suggested that postmortem pathological changes were difficult to identify due to the autolysis of myocardium 72 h after death in cantharidin poisoning group. The plasma levels of TN-T and HIF-1α/TN-T are cardiac biomarkers with higher diagnostic accuracy for postmortem diagnosis of cantharidin-induced myocardial injury, VEGF/HIF-1α promises to be a biomarker for PMI estimation. Further studies are needed to verify these biomarkers, based on population, for being a useful tool in postmortem diagnosis of cantharidin-induced myocardial injury and PMI estimation.
Force-exerting perpendicular lateral protrusions in fibroblastic cell contraction
Authors: Padhi Abinash , Singh Karanpreet , Franco-Barraza Janusz , Marston Daniel J. , Cukierman Edna , Hahn Klaus M. , Kapania Rakesh K. , Nain Amrinder S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAligned extracellular matrix fibers enable fibroblasts to undergo myofibroblastic activation and achieve elongated shapes. Activated fibroblasts are able to contract, perpetuating the alignment of these fibers. This poorly understood feedback process is critical in chronic fibrosis conditions, including cancer. Here, using fiber networks that serve as force sensors, we identify “3D perpendicular lateral protrusions” (3D-PLPs) that evolve from lateral cell extensions named twines. Twines originate from stratification of cyclic-actin waves traversing the cell and swing freely in 3D to engage neighboring fibers. Once engaged, a lamellum forms and extends multiple secondary twines, which fill in to form a sheet-like PLP, in a force-entailing process that transitions focal adhesions to activated (i.e., pathological) 3D-adhesions. The specific morphology of PLPs enables cells to increase contractility and force on parallel fibers. Controlling geometry of extracellular networks confirms that anisotropic fibrous environments support 3D-PLP formation and function, suggesting an explanation for cancer-associated desmoplastic expansion.
The Role of Patient-Site Facilitators in Teleaudiology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Coco Laura , Davidson Alyssa , Marrone Nicole 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTeleaudiology helps improve access to hearing health care by overcoming the geographic gap between providers and patients. In many teleaudiology encounters, a facilitator is needed at the patient site to help with hands-on aspects of procedures. The aim of this study was to review the scope and nature of research around patient-site facilitators in teleaudiology. We focused on identifying the facilitators' background, training, and responsibilities.MethodTo conduct this scoping review, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. To be included, studies needed to address teleaudiology; be experimental/quasi-experimental, correlational/predictive, or descriptive; be published in English; and include the use of a facilitator at the patient location.ResultsA total of 82 studies met the inclusion criteria. The available literature described a number of different individuals in the role of the patient-site facilitator, including audiologists, students, and local aides. Fifty-seven unique tasks were identified, including orienting the client to the space, assisting with technology, and assisting with audiology procedures. The largest number of studies (n= 42) did not describe the facilitators' training. When reported, the facilitators' training was heterogenous in terms of who delivered the training, the length of the training, and the training content.ConclusionsAcross studies, the range of duties performed by patient-site facilitators indicates they may have an important role in teleaudiology. However, details are still needed surrounding their background, responsibilities, and training. Future research is warranted exploring the role of the patient-site facilitator, including their impact on teleaudiology service delivery.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12475796