bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in vitamin D status, bone health and athletic performance in competitive university student athletes: a longitudinal study
Authors: Wilson-Barnes Saskia L. , Hunt Julie E. A. , Williams Emma L. , Allison Sarah J. , Wild James J. , Wainwright Joe , Lanham-New Susan A. , Manders Ralph J. F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly reported in elite athletes, but the vitamin D status of UK university athletes in different training environments remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine any seasonal changes in vitamin D status among indoor and outdoor athletes, and whether there was any relationship between vitamin D status and indices of physical performance and bone health. A group of forty-seven university athletes (indoor n 22, outdoor n 25) were tested during autumn and spring for serum vitamin D status, bone health and physical performance parameters. Blood samples were analysed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) status. Peak isometric knee extensor torque using an isokinetic dynamometer and jump height was assessed using an Optojump. Aerobic capacity was estimated using the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans measured radial bone mineral density. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate parametric/non-parametric testing depending on the normality of the data. s-25(OH)D significantly fell between autumn (52·8 (sd 22·0) nmol/l) and spring (31·0 (sd 16·5) nmol/l; P < 0·001). In spring, 34 % of participants were considered to be vitamin D deficient (<25 nmol/l) according to the revised 2016 UK guidelines. These data suggest that UK university athletes are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Thus, further research is warranted to investigate the concomitant effects of low vitamin D status on health and performance outcomes in university athletes residing at northern latitudes.
Artificial light improves escapement of fish from a trawl net
Authors: Southworth Lucy K. , Ratcliffe Frances C. , Bloor Isobel S. M. , Emmerson Jack , Watson Dan , Beard David , Kaiser Michel J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe elimination of unwanted catch in mixed species fisheries is technically challenging given the complexity of fish behaviour within nets. Most approaches to date have employed technologies that modify the nets themselves or use physical sorting grids within the gear. There is currently increasing interest in the use of artificial light to either deter fish from entering the net, or to enhance their escapement from within the net. Here, we evaluated the differences in catch retained in a standard otter trawl, relative to the same gear fitted with a square mesh panel, or a square mesh panel fitted with LEDs. We found that the selectivity of the gear differed depending on water depth. When using a square mesh panel in shallow depths of 29–40 m the unwanted bycatch of whiting and haddock was reduced by 86% and 58% respectively. In deep, darker water (45–95 m), no change in catch was observed in the square-mesh panel treatment, however when LEDs were added to the square-mesh panel, haddock and flatfish catches were reduced by 47% and 25% respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential to improve the performance of bycatch reduction devices through the addition of light devices to enhance selectivity. The results also highlight species-specific and site-specific differences in the performance of bycatch reduction devices, and hence a more adaptive approach to reduce bycatch is probably required to maximize performance.
Non-pharmacological interventions for adult ADHD: a systematic review
Authors: Nimmo-Smith Victoria , Merwood Andrew , Hank Dietmar , Brandling Janet , Greenwood Rosemary , Skinner Lara , Law Sarah , Patel Viran , Rai Dheeraj 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common developmental disorder, often persisting into adulthood. Whilst medication is first-line treatment for ADHD, there is a need for evidence-based non-pharmacological treatment options for adults with ADHD who are either still experiencing significant symptoms or for those who have made the informed choice not to start medication.MethodsWe systematically searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL for randomised controlled trials of non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD in adults. After screening of titles and abstracts, full text articles were reviewed, data extracted and bias assessed using a study proforma.ResultsThere were 32 eligible studies with the largest number of studies assessing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). CBT consisted of either group, internet or individual therapy.ConclusionsThe majority found an improvement in ADHD symptoms with CBT treatment. Additionally, mindfulness and cognitive remediation have evidence as effective interventions for the core symptoms of ADHD and there is evidence for the use of group dialectical behavioural therapy and hypnotherapy. However, evidence for these is weaker due to small numbers of participants and limitations due to the lack of suitable control conditions, and a high risk of bias.
The role of sociocognitive salience in the acquisition of structured variation and linguistic diffusion: Evidence from quotativebe like
Authors: Davydova Julia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuotativebe likeis a much discussed variable linguistic feature recruited in this investigation in order to revisit the hypothesis of linguistic diffusion (Labov 2007) predicting re-ordering of original patterns by L2 populations. As a sociocognitively salient variant spreading above the level of conscious awareness,be likehas been appropriated by adult speakers from two distinctive L2 English ecologies with a high degree of precision, a finding previously not reported in studies exploring the acquisition of structured variation. In this article, I explain how, supported by frequency and constraint complexity, sociocognitive salience may have contributed to the generally accurate replication of the variable grammar forbe likeand, by this token, how it can inform existing models of language change. (Sociocognitive salience, linguistic diffusion, L2 acquisition of structured variation, variationist sociolinguistics, World Englishes,be like)
SELF-OWNERSHIP AS PERSONAL SOVEREIGNTY
Authors: Thrasher John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract:Self-ownership has fallen out of favor as a core moral and political concept. I argue that this is because the most popular conception of self-ownership, what I call the property conception, is typically linked to a libertarian (of the left or right) political program. Seeing self-ownership and libertarianism as being necessarily linked leads those who are not inclined toward libertarianism to reject the idea of self-ownership altogether. This, I argue, is a mistake. Self-ownership is a crucial moral and political concept that can earn its keep if we understand it not as type of property right in the self, but rather as a set of territorial rights one has over one’s body. This territorial conception of self-ownership, which I call the sovereignty conception of self-ownership, avoids the traditional arguments raised against the property conception of self-ownership and has other benefits besides. Accepting this conception of self-ownership, I argue, has considerable moral and political benefits without taking on the costs associated with other forms of self-ownership.
WHEN SUBSISTENCE RIGHTS ARE JUST CLAIMS AND THIS IS UNJUST
Authors: Mancilla Alejandra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract:Most of the liberal moral and political debate concerning global poverty has focused on the duties of justice or assistance that the well-off have toward the needy. In this essay, I show how rights-based theories in particular have unanimously understood subsistence rights just (and only) as claims, where all it means to have a claim—following Hohfeld—is that others have a duty toward us. This narrow interpretation of subsistence rights has led to a glaring omission; namely, there has been no careful examination of what the rights-holders themselves may do to realize the object of their rights. Furthermore, in the few cases where this question gets posed, rights are again understood just (and only) as claims, but this time of an Austinian kind: rights-holders are limited to the performance of speech-acts like demanding, pleading, and entreating to make noncompliers fulfill their duties. I suggest that this approach betrays the original spirit of subsistence rights as individual moral powers delineating a sovereign sphere of action. More seriously, it is unjust to the rights-holders themselves, to the extent that many of the actions they undertake to realize the objects of their rights fall off the radar of moral analysis.
New approaches to controlling an outbreak of chickenpox in a large immigration detention setting in England: the role of serological testing and mathematical modelling
Authors: Zhang Xu-Sheng , Smith Alexandra , Patel Bharat , Anderson Charlotte , Pomeroy Laura , Higgins Gillian , O'Moore Éamonn , Chow Yimmy , Atchison Christina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChickenpox is caused by varicella-zoster-virus (VZV) and is highly contagious. Immigration detention settings are a high-risk environment for primary VZV transmission, with large, rapidly-changing populations in close quarters, and higher susceptibility among non-UK-born individuals. During outbreaks, operational challenges occur in detention settings because of high-turnover and the potential need to implement population movement restriction for prolonged periods. Between December 2017 and February 2018, four cases of chickenpox were notified amongst 799 detainees in an immigration removal centre (IRC). Microbiological investigations included case confirmation by vesicular fluid polymerase chain reaction, and VZV serology for susceptibility testing. Control measures involved movement restrictions, isolation of cases, quarantining and cohorting of non-immune contacts and extending VZV immunity testing to the wider detainee population to support outbreak management. Immunity was tested for 301/532 (57%) detainees, of whom 24 (8%) were non-immune. The level of non-immunity was lower than expected based on the existing literature on VZV seroprevalence in detained populations in England. Serology results identified non-immune contacts who could be cohorted and, due to the lack of isolation capacity, allowed the placement of cases with immune detainees. The widespread immunity testing of all detainees was proving challenging to sustain because it required significant resources and was having a severe impact on operational capacity and the ability to maintain core business activities at the IRC. Therefore, mathematical modelling was used to assess the impact of scaling back mass immunity testing. Modelling demonstrated that interrupting testing posed a risk of one additional case compared to continuing with testing. As such, the decision was made to stop testing, and the outbreak was successfully controlled without excessive strain on resources. Operational challenges generated learning for future outbreaks, with implications for a local and national policy on IRC staff occupational health requirements, and proposed reception screening of detainees for VZV immunity.
Kant’s Aesthetics and the Problem of Happiness
Authors: Dobe Jennifer K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKant’s anthropological lectures introduce scepticism about our psychological capacity to experience happiness conceived as gratification or contentment. Aesthetic experience is in a position to inform an alternative conception of happiness that not only is more adequate to the idea of happiness than either gratification or contentment but also may more easily conform to the moral law’s constraints than gratification. As an ‘ideal feeling’, pleasure in beauty serves as a model for how best to enjoy even sensual pleasures and otherwise ‘private’ sensations. In the end, the thirdCritiquesuggests that this alternative conception is more ‘appropriate’ to humankind (§60, 5: 355).
High-efficiency antenna-to-antenna polarization converters for customized polarization angle deflection
Authors: Deng Manlan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an antenna-to-antenna method to design high-efficiency polarization converters was proposed. Two in-linked split ring resonators (SRRs) were used as the fundamental unit cell, which can effectively make the original linear polarization angle deflected into a customized one (include but not limited to 90°). The same as the process of energy reception and transmitting of microstrip symmetric dipole antennas, the top SRR plays the role of a receiving antenna and the bottom one acts as a transmitting antenna. Under normal illumination, the strong coupling between electric resonance and magnetic resonance can result in high transmission and broad bandwidth. Since the two SRRs act as two independently polarization selective components, the polarization angle of transmitted waves can be easily controlled by rotating the transmitting SRRs around the center. The proposed concept and the design method are validated using numerical simulations, as well as experimental results of three examples for 45, 60 and 90° polarization angle rotation, the polarization conversion ratio of which is about 92.2, 88.9 and 91.9% from 7.5 to 10 GHz.
Design of a hybrid A-sandwich radome using a strongly coupled frequency selective surface element
Authors: Varikuntla Krushna Kanth , Singaravelu Raghavan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe airborne radomes have to cater superior electromagnetic (EM) performance with bandpass characteristics of stealth application. In this regard, a hybrid A-sandwich radome is proposed in this paper. The proposed radome consists of a novel strongly coupled frequency selective surface (FSS) core sandwiched between two dielectric layers (acts as skin) to form an A-sandwich structure. The dielectric layers are cascaded in such a way that the middle layer has less dielectric parameters than the skin dielectric. The core layer comprises a modified FSS array using strongly coupled FSS layers through a series of metallic vias. This strongly-coupled FSS element will have the advantage of eliminating inter-element interference and improves the EM performance characteristics of the structure. The structure exhibits very good band-pass characteristics (>90%) at a normal impinging angle with sharp roll-off characteristics. To show the efficacy of the proposed structure, the transmission loss has been compared with that of conventional A-sandwich radomes at 0°, 50° incidence angle for both TE and TM polarization. Conformal analysis of the unit cell has been carried out, and sector-wise thickness optimization was performed to analyze the structure for the conformal shaped radome application. Finally, a physical prototype has been fabricated and measured its scattering parameters, radiation characteristics in a fully shielded anechoic chamber. The results are encouraging and prove its suitability for radome application.
Towards FAIR Paleomagnetic Data Management Through Paleomagnetism.org 2.0
Authors: Koymans M. R. , van Hinsbergen D. J. J. , Pastor‐Galán D. , Vaes B. , Langereis C. G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScientific communities are placing an increasing emphasis on the implementation of data management protocols concerning data archiving and distribution. For instance, every proposal submitted to the European Horizon 2020 program, as well as to the National Science Foundation in the USA, requires a dedicated section that outlines project data management and accessibility. The widely adopted FAIR data guidelines identify core principles concerning modern data management conventions. The wide variety of data formats, the low data volume, and the general lack of a culture of data sharing makes that the paleomagnetic community rarely follows any of the FAIR principles. Most institutions define their own data formats and use in‐house software to analyze their demagnetization data, which are critical to Paleomagnetic research. Efforts to overcome these problems exist in the form of the MagIC database for data archiving, and the online paleomagnetic data analysis and interpretation platform Paleomagnetism.org. In this contribution, we describe the second iteration of Paleomagnetism.org: an online multiplatform open‐source environment for paleomagnetic data analysis. This update comprises a full overhaul of the application to satisfy the increasingly demanding data management requirements. The application now facilitates a workflow that aligns with FAIR guidelines by documenting data provenance. All data analyzed through the application are easily submitted to a public data library that distributes data and results through an HTTPS web service that lives up to modern data management standards.
Dynamically Unstable Strong Wind Shears Observed in the Polar Mesosphere Summer Echo Layer Associated With Geomagnetic Disturbances
Authors: Lee Young‐Sook , Kwak Young‐Sil , Kim Kyung‐Chan , Kim Yong Ha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report observations of dynamically unstable strong wind shear (Richardson number < 0.25) capable of inducing Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability in the polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) layer (80–90 km) using very high frequency radar measurements in Kiruna (67.8°N, 20.4°E), Sweden, in 2006. The unstable strong wind shear can play an important role in producing PMSE by inducing turbulence and adiabatic cooling. We find that the strong shears take up 64% of the observed wind profiles and are frequently composed of systematically single‐shear/multishear (layer) structures, which gradually or abruptly vary in wind directions, so‐called wind shifts, through heights at intervals of 4–8 km. The strong shear rate normalized by PMSE counts has a good correlation (R = 0.7) in day‐to‐day variation with energetic electron (>30 keV) precipitations that were related to high‐speed solar wind streams. The observations of strong wind shear can be supported by satellite‐measured temperature modulations matching with the peaks of the first three high‐speed solar wind stream events. This study suggests that PMSE production is closely associated with the strong shear that is in turn linked to the effects of energetic electron precipitation.
Three‐dimensional Elastic and Anelastic Structure of the Lowermost Mantle Beneath the Western Pacific From Finite‐Frequency Tomography
Authors: Konishi Kensuke , Fuji Nobuaki , Deschamps Frédéric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe build a finite‐frequency tomography method that uses traveltime and amplitude data for obtaining 3‐D maps of shear velocity (
) and seismic attenuation (measured with the quality factor
). We then apply this method to recover the 3‐D
and
structures in the lowermost mantle beneath the western edge of the Pacific large low shear velocity province, using the
and
phases for 31 earthquakes that occurred underneath the vicinity of Tonga and Fiji regions. Our data set consists of the transverse components of 1,341 traces from the Japanese F‐net seismic station network. The waveform data are applied with a band‐pass filter in the period range of 12.5–200 s, corresponding to the frequency range of 0.005–0.08 Hz. Both
and
are lower than those in the Preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) in the bottom depth range, with the lowest part being situated at the center of the region we sample. This feature is robust across a variety of inversion configurations. We then estimate possible temperature anomalies in this region from the obtained
and
structures. Discrepancy between the temperature anomalies predicted by these two quantities suggests that explaining simultaneously
and
anomalies in this region requires both temperature and chemical anomalies. Assuming that
anomalies are a reliable proxy for temperature and that compositional anomalies primarily consist of an excess in iron oxide, we propose a possible thermal and compositional structure for this region.
A Statistical Study of Autoscaled Data at the Northern Equatorial Ionization Anomaly During the Year 2016
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Wei Lehui , Lan Ting , Yang Guobin , Liu Jing , Zhao Zhengyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA software tool, ionoScaler (Jiang et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2016.11.019), has been equipped with the ionosonde developed by Wuhan University. To further improve the performance of the ionoScaler, a statistical study of autoscaled data by the ionoScaler was carried out in this study. A large number of ionograms (about 13,000 ionograms), recorded at Puer station (PUR, 22.7°N, 101.05°E, Dip Latitude 12.9°N) in the Southwest of China from January 2016 to December 2016, were used to judge the performance of ionoScaler. The autoscaled critical frequency (foF2) and base virtual height (h'F2) of the F2 layer are used to test the performance of the ionoScaler in this study. Results show that the acceptable values in foF2 and h'F2, respectively, are 78.52% and 92.15%. If the truncated trace of the F2 layer was not considered (foF2 ≤ 5 MHz), the accuracy of the autoscaled foF2 can reach up to 95.69%. Moreover, monthly median values of foF2 and h'F2 in 2016 are also used to assess the performance of the ionoScaler. We found that autoscaled monthly median values (foF2 and h'F2) are more accurate than the immediate values. The acceptable values in monthly median of foF2 and h'F2, respectively, are 84.38% and 94.74%. Although there is a challenge work to improve the accuracy of autoscaling algorithms, if truncated traces of the F2 layer in high‐frequency parts are identified and removed, we think that autoscaled data by the ionoScaler are acceptable.
Microfluidic deformability-activated sorting of single particles
Authors: Choi Gihoon , Nouri Reza , Zarzar Lauren , Guan Weihua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMechanical properties have emerged as a significant label-free marker for characterizing deformable particles such as cells. Here, we demonstrated the first single-particle-resolved, cytometry-like deformability-activated sorting in the continuous flow on a microfluidic chip. Compared with existing deformability-based sorting techniques, the microfluidic device presented in this work measures the deformability and immediately sorts the particles one-by-one in real time. It integrates the transit-time-based deformability measurement and active hydrodynamic sorting onto a single chip. We identified the critical factors that affect the sorting dynamics by modeling and experimental approaches. We found that the device throughput is determined by the summation of the sensing, buffering, and sorting time. A total time of ~100 ms is used for analyzing and sorting a single particle, leading to a throughput of 600 particles/min. We synthesized poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel beads as the deformability model for device validation and performance evaluation. A deformability-activated sorting purity of 88% and an average efficiency of 73% were achieved. We anticipate that the ability to actively measure and sort individual particles one-by-one in a continuous flow would find applications in cell-mechanotyping studies such as correlational studies of the cell mechanical phenotype and molecular mechanism.