bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon integrated microwave photonic beamformer
Authors: Zhu Chen , Lu Liangjun , Shan Wensheng , Xu Weihan , Zhou Gangqiang , Zhou Linjie , Chen Jianping 
Published: July 2020

Optical beam-forming networks (OBFNs) based on optical true-time delay lines (OTTDLs) are well known as the promising candidate for solving the bandwidth limitation of traditional electronic phased array antennas (PAAs) due to beam squinting. Here we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first monolithic

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microwave photonic beamformer, based on switchable OTTDLs on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The chip consists of a modulator, an eight-channel OBFN, and eight photodetectors, thus including hundreds of active and passive components in total. It has a wide operating bandwidth from 8 to 18 GHz, which is almost two orders larger than that of electronic PAAs. The beam can be steered to 31 distinguishable angles in the range from

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75.51

∘

to 75.64°, based on the beam pattern calculation with the measured radiofrequency response. The response time for beam steering is 56 µs. These results represent a significant step toward the realization of integrated microwave photonic beamformers that can satisfy compact-size and low-power consumption requirements for the future radar and wireless communication systems.
“I Come from Georgia”: Andrew Cobb Erwin’s Southern Resistance to the Ku Klux Klan
Authors: Lewis Camille Kaminski 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During the 1924 Democratic National Convention, Will Rogers described the party’s deliberation on Saturday as “the day when I heard the most religion preached, and the least practiced of any day in the world’s history.” The Democrats had been debating over whether to officially condemn the Ku Klux Klan in the party platform. William Jennings Bryan ended his own address offering white supremacist support with an all-too-common appeal for the party to simply “return to Jesus” rather than condemn white supremacy. Among the flurry of religious rhetoric that week, one voice surprised the delegates. Just before Bryan, one son of a Confederate officer and former mayor of the Klan stronghold, Athens, Georgia, spoke. He looked small. His voice cracked. But when he spoke outside the stereotype of a Southern politician and against the KKK, Madison Square Garden erupted with both hisses and cheers. That day Andrew Cobb Erwin gave us a model of how to resist within a politically charged religious climate.
Potencjał rozwojowy i funkcjonalny Obszaru Metropolitalnego Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot
Authors: Czapiewska Gabriela 
Published: July 2020

Metropolizacja jest jednym z najważniejszych wyznaczników współczesnego modelu rozwoju. Obszary metropolitalne odgrywają ważną rolę w procesie rozwoju we współczesnym, globalizującym świecie (innowacje, nowe kierunki rozwoju gospodarki). Celem artykułu jest zobrazowanie potencjału rozwojowego oraz funkcjonalnego Obszaru Metropolitalnego Gdańsk–Gdynia–Sopot. W pierwszej części opracowania dokonano analizy pojęciowej terminu „obszar metropolitalny”. W kolejnej przedstawiono najważniejsze przejawy procesu metropolizacji, uwypuklając potencjał prezentowanego obszaru, funkcje metropolitalne oraz wiodące kierunki rozwojowe.
How America’s Corporations Lost their Public Purpose, and How it Might be (Partially) Restored
Authors: Ciepley David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In honor of Lynn Stout’s efforts to better suit the business corporation for the pursuit of long-term, publicly-beneficial purposes, the present essay reviews critically the historical process by which the corporation’s tie to public purposes—a precondition of the earliest grants of corporate powers to business enterprisers—was slowly severed. And it explores a form of corporate control, once widespread in the U.S. and easily revivable, that could partially restore corporate emphasis on public benefits—the foundation-controlled corporation.
Two-dimensional correlation analysis of periodicity in active galactic nuclei time series
Authors: Kovačević Andjelka B. , Popović Luka Č. , Ilić Dragana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The active galactic nuclei (AGN) are among the most powerful sources with an inherent, pronounced and random variation of brightness. The randomness of their time series is so subtle as to blur the border between aperiodic fluctuations and noisy oscillations. This poses challenges to analysing of such time series because neither visual inspection nor pre-exisitng methods can identify well oscillatory signals in them. Thus, there is a need for an objective method for periodicity detection. Here we review our a new data analysis method that combines a two-dimensional correlation (2D) of time series with the powerful methods of Gaussian processes. To demonstrate the utility of this technique, we apply it to two example problems which were not exploited enough: damped rednoised artificial time series mimicking AGN time series and newly published observed time series of changing look AGN (CL AGN) NGC 3516. The method successfully detected periodicities in both types of time series. Identified periodicity of ~4 yr in NGC 3516 allows us to speculate that if the thermal instability formed in its accretion disc (AD) on a time scale resembling detected periodicity then AD radius could be ~0.0024 pc.
The Impact of Marital Status on Job Finding: A Field Experiment in the Chinese Labor Market
Authors: Horváth Gergely 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the impact of marital status on job finding in China using the correspondence methodology. Fictitious CVs are sent to job advertisements through an online job board website, focusing on financial and accounting jobs, and the callback rate is measured. We vary the gender and marital status on otherwise identical CVs. The previous literature suggests that being married has a negative impact on the labor market outcomes of females, but a positive impact for males. In contrast, for the Chinese labor market, we do not find a significant effect of marital status on job finding for either gender.
Trends in seaweed resource use and aquaculture in South Africa and Namibia over the last 30 years
Authors: Rothman Mark D. , Anderson Robert J. , Kandjengo Lineekela , Bolton John J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The seaweed industry of temperate Southern Africa was last reviewed in 2003. Since then there have been considerable changes. There are three main uses of kelp (mostly Ecklonia maxima, with some Laminaria pallida) in South Africa. The collection of wash-up for drying and exporting for alginate extraction has drastically reduced to very small amounts in recent years. The boat harvest of fresh kelp for abalone feed in land-based farms has reached a plateau of between 4000 and 5000 t fresh per annum. The diver harvest of E. maxima for agricultural liquid plant growth enhancer shows a constant increase over several years, is still growing, and is currently over 3000 t fresh per annum. The small intertidal collection of Gelidium pristoides as export for agar production has maintained a small, sustainable production of around 100 t dry for many years. Former Gracilaria industries in sheltered bays in both South Africa and Namibia have collapsed, and there is currently no commercial collection. There was commercial raft aquaculture production of Gracilaria in Lüderitz Bay, Namibia for a number of years, but this is no longer practised. Currently, the only commercial seaweed use in Namibia is of L. pallida. Annually, ca. 150 t of fresh wash-up is collected, in Lüderitz, to be used as feed in land-based abalone aquaculture. There are a number of small start-up companies experimenting with seaweed products for cosmetics and nutritional products in both countries, some involving species of Ulva and Porphyra. The former species is a major aquaculture product, with around 2000 t fresh yr–1 being produced in integrated land-based systems with abalone.
Analysis of B-type natriuretic peptide impurities using label-free data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry technology
Authors: Xiao Peng , Zhang Fan , Wang Xinxue , Song Dewei , Li Hongmei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Synthetic B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is employed in most clinical testing platforms as a raw material of calibrator. Characterization of impurities with structures similar (BNPstrimp compounds) to that of BNP is a reasonable way to decrease clinical measurement errors and improve drug safety.

Methods
A novel quantitative method targeted towards BNPstrimp compounds was developed. First, the peptide samples were separated and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). To evaluate biological activity further, BNPstrimp immunoaffinity was investigated using western blot (WB) assays. Second, a quantitative label-free data-independent acquisition (DIA) MS approach was developed, and the internal standard peptide (ISP) was hydrolyzed. Absolute quantification was performed using an isotope dilution MS (ID-MS) approach. Third, method precision was investigated using the C-peptide reference material.

Results
Seventeen BNPstrimp compounds were identified in synthetic BNP, and 10 of them were successfully sequenced. The immunoassay results indicated that deaminated, oxidized, and isomerized BNPstrimp compounds exhibited weaker immunoaffinity than intact BNP1-32. The mass fraction of the synthetic solid ISP1-16, quantified by ID-MS, was 853.5 (±17.8) mg/g. Validation results indicated that the developed method was effective and accurate for the quantitation of the well-separated BNP impurities.

Conclusions
The developed approach was easy to perform, and it was suitable for the parallel quantification of low-abundance BNPstrimp compounds when they performed a good separation in liquid chromatography. The quantitative results were comparable and traceable. This approach is a promising tool for BNP product quality and safety assessment.
Analytical evaluation of four faecal immunochemistry tests for haemoglobin
Authors: Piggott Carolyn , Carroll Magdalen R. R. , John Cerin , O’Driscoll Shane , Benton Sally C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for haemoglobin (Hb) are being used in the investigation of colorectal cancer. These tests use antibodies raised to the globin moiety of human Hb. Here, four automated quantitative FIT systems (HM-JACKarc, NS-Prime, OC-Sensor PLEDIA and SENTiFIT 270) are evaluated analytically to confirm whether the performance of the systems meet the manufacturers’ claims.

Methods
Assessment of the analytical performance of the FIT systems was undertaken using Hb lysates, real patient samples and external quality assessment (EQA) samples. This analytical assessment focused on detection characteristics, imprecision, linearity, prozone effect, recovery and carryover.

Results
All four methods demonstrated good analytical performance, with acceptable within- and between-run imprecision, good recovery of f-Hb and limited carryover of samples. They also all show good linearity across the range of concentrations tested. The results of EQA samples showed different variations from the target values (−52 to 45%), due to the absence of standardisation across the different methods.

Conclusions
All four systems are fit for purpose and have an analytical performance as documented by their manufacturers.
Influence of isotopically labeled internal standards on quantification of serum/plasma 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Loh Tze Ping , Ho Chung Shun , Hartmann Michaela F. , Zakaria Rosita , Lo Clara Wai Shan , van den Berg Sjoerd , de Rijke Yolanda B. , Cooke Brian R. , Hoad Kirsten , Graham Peter , Davies Stephen R. , Mackay Lindsey G. , Wudy Stefan A. , Greaves Ronda F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Our recent survey of 44 mass spectrometry laboratories across 17 countries identified variation in internal standard (IS) choice for the measurement of serum/plasma 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The choice of IS may contribute to inter-method variations. This study evaluated the effect of two common isotopically labeled IS on the quantification of 17OHP by LC-MS/MS.

Methods
Three collaborating LC-MS/MS laboratories from Asia, Europe and Australia, who routinely measure serum 17OHP, compared two IS, (1) IsoSciences carbon-13 labeled 17OHP-[2,3,4-13C3], and (2) IsoSciences deuterated 17OHP-[2,2,4,6,6,21,21,21-2H]. This was performed as part of their routine patient runs using their respective laboratory standard operating procedure.

Results
The three laboratories measured 99, 89, 95 independent samples, respectively (up to 100 nmol/L) using the 13C- and 2H-labeled IS. The slopes of the Passing-Bablok regression ranged 0.98–1.00 (all 95% confidence interval [CI] estimates included the line of identity), and intercept of <0.1 nmol/L. Average percentage differences of −0.04% to −5.4% were observed between the two IS materials, which were less than the optimal bias specification of 7% determined by biological variation, indicating no clinically significant difference. The results of 12 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs (RCPAQAP) proficiency samples (1–40 nmol/L) measured by the laboratories were all within the RCPAQAP analytical performance specifications for both IS.

Conclusions
Overall, the comparison between the results of 13C- and 2H-labeled IS for 17OHP showed good agreement, and show no clinically significant bias when incorporated into the LC-MS/MS methods employed in the collaborating laboratories.
The emerging role of cell senescence in atherosclerosis
Authors: Wu Chang-Meng , Zheng Lei , Wang Qian , Hu Yan-Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cell senescence is a fundamental mechanism of aging and appears to play vital roles in the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, fibrotic pulmonary disease, liver disease and tumor. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence shows that cell senescence plays an indispensable role in the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Multiple senescent cell types are associated with atherosclerosis, senescent human vascular endothelial cells participated in atherosclerosis via regulating the level of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), angiotensin II and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), senescent human vascular smooth muscle cells-mediated plaque instability and vascular calcification via regulating the expression level of BMP-2, OPN, Runx-2 and inflammatory molecules, and senescent macrophages impaired cholesterol efflux and promoted the development of senescent-related cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the characteristics of cell senescence and updates the molecular mechanisms underlying cell senescence. Moreover, we also discuss the recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that can potentially regulate the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Study of total error specifications of lymphocyte subsets enumeration using China National EQAS data and Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC)-compliant publications
Authors: Li Chenbin , Wang Yu , Lu Hong , Du Zhongli , Xu Chengshan , Peng Mingting 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
It is important to select proper quality specifications for laboratories and external quality assessment (EQA) providers for their quality control and assessment. The aim of this study is to produce new total error (TE) specifications for lymphocyte subset enumeration by analyzing the allowable TE using EQAS data and comparing them with that based on reliable biological variation (BV).

Methods
A total of 54,400 results from 1,716 laboratories were collected from China National EQAS for lymphocyte subset enumeration during the period 2017–2019. The EQA data were grouped according to lower limits of reference intervals for establishing concentration-dependent specifications. The TE value that 80% of laboratories can achieve were considered as TE specifications based on state of the art. The BV studies compliant with Biological Variation Data Critical Appraisal Checklist (BIVAC) were used to calculate the three levels of TE specifications. Then these TE specifications were compared for determining the recommended TE specifications.

Results
Four parameters whose quality specifications could achieve the optimum criteria were as follows: the percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD4+ (high concentration) and CD3–CD16/56+ cells, and the absolute count of CD3–CD16/56+ cells. Only the TE specifications of CD3–CD19+ cells could achieve the minimum criteria. The TE specifications of remaining parameters should reach the desirable criteria.

Conclusions
New TE specifications were established by combining the EQA data and reliable BV data, which could help laboratories to apply proper criteria for continuous improvement of quality control, and EQA providers to use robust acceptance limits for better evaluation of EQAS results.
Performance assessment of high temperature water-gas-shift reaction for hydrogen generation and its purification in a membrane reactor/separator of hydrogen or of carbon dioxide
Authors: Eddi Imed , Chibane Lemnouer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the current work, the high temperature water gas shift reaction assessment for hydrogen generation and its purification was carried out in reactors integrating hydrogen or carbon dioxide perm-selective membranes. Indeed, the performance of the high temperature water gas shift reaction was analyzed under adiabatic conditions through a mathematical model developed for this purpose. The main results indicate that both membrane reactors provide under some conditions a complete carbon monoxide conversion. As a result the dual phase membrane presents a great separation capacity of carbon dioxide. This gives us the opportunity to obtain a high purity of hydrogen. Thus, it can be concluded that the concept of the membrane reactor that used for carbon dioxide separation could be a veritable competitor and a great promise candidate for replacing the Pd based membrane reactors which is used for hydrogen separation.
Missed acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department-standardizing measurement of misdiagnosis-related harms using the SPADE method
Authors: Sharp Adam L. , Baecker Aileen , Nassery Najlla , Park Stacy , Hassoon Ahmed , Lee Ming-Sum , Peterson Susan , Pitts Samantha , Wang Zheyu , Zhu Yuxin , Newman-Toker David E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnostic error is a serious public health problem. Measuring diagnostic performance remains elusive. We sought to measure misdiagnosis-related harms following missed acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) in the emergency department (ED) using the symptom-disease pair analysis of diagnostic error (SPADE) method.

Methods
Retrospective administrative data analysis (2009–2017) from a single, integrated health system using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coded discharge diagnoses. We looked back 30 days from AMI hospitalizations for antecedent ED treat-and-release visits to identify symptoms linked to probable missed AMI (observed > expected). We then looked forward from these ED discharge diagnoses to identify symptom-disease pair misdiagnosis-related harms (AMI hospitalizations within 30-days, representing diagnostic adverse events).

Results
A total of 44,473 AMI hospitalizations were associated with 2,874 treat-and-release ED visits in the prior 30 days. The top plausibly-related ED discharge diagnoses were “chest pain” and “dyspnea” with excess treat-and-release visit rates of 9.8% (95% CI 8.5–11.2%) and 3.4% (95% CI 2.7–4.2%), respectively. These represented 574 probable missed AMIs resulting in hospitalization (adverse event rate per AMI 1.3%, 95% CI 1.2–1.4%). Looking forward, 325,088 chest pain or dyspnea ED discharges were followed by 508 AMI hospitalizations (adverse event rate per symptom discharge 0.2%, 95% CI 0.1–0.2%).

Conclusions
The SPADE method precisely quantifies misdiagnosis-related harms from missed AMIs using administrative data. This approach could facilitate future assessment of diagnostic performance across health systems. These results correspond to ∼10,000 potentially-preventable harms annually in the US. However, relatively low error and adverse event rates may pose challenges to reducing harms for this ED symptom-disease pair.
A modified rhombus shaped flexible wideband double negative (DNG) metamaterial for S, C, X, and Ku band applications
Authors: Negi Deepa , Khanna Rajesh , Kaur Jaswinder 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper a wideband, flexible, and novel structured double negative (DNG) metamaterial is designed for S, C, X, and Ku microwave applications. The 12 mm × 12 mm sized metamaterial is fabricated on a flexible FR4 substrate with thickness 0.25 mm. The metamaterial shows a total wide DNG region of 8.2 GHz (3.8–4.3 GHz and 6.8–14.5 GHz). The transmission coefficient of the unit cell has a total band gap bandwidth of 8.3 GHz from frequency range 2 to 16 GHz. The designed metamaterial also exhibits an extra-large and continuous negative refractive index (NRI) bandwidth of 13 GHz (2–15 GHz). The stop band regions along with DNG and NRI regions individually cover S, C, X, and Ku microwave regions. The complete analysis is done using CST microwave studio. The simulated and measured transmission coefficient curves of the proposed metamaterial are in good agreement. The structure is simple, cost effective, flexible, light weight, and wideband covering S, C, X, and Ku microwave spectra.
Deformation and failure mechanism of full seam chamber with extra-large section and its control technology
Authors: Huo Bingjie , Tai Yang , Meng Xiangbin , Kuang Tiejun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to effectively predict and control the rib spalling and roof leakage, it is necessary to reveal the deformation and failure mechanism of the chamber and propose the corresponding surrounding rock control technology. Based on uniaxial compression experiments and numerical simulations, it is concluded that coal body damage is dominated by shear failure during uniaxial compression, which indicates to some extent the main form of damage of the surrounding rock in the chamber. Then the combined finite and discrete element method is used to establish a numerical model to reveal the evolution law of fracture in the surrounding rock. The simulation results show that after the excavation of the chamber, a large amount of shear failure occurred in the ribs and the roof. Then those cracks further developed, expanded, penetrated, and finally connected with the surface of the chamber. Under the effect of the mine pressure, the coal body is separated from the surface of the chamber, leading to the occurrence of rib spalling and roof leakage. So it was given that support method by controlling crack development. The grouting and high-strength anchor bolt and anchor cable are proposed to improve the shear strength of the surrounding rock, which helps to reduce the occurrence of cracks, and inhibit the cracks from interpenetrating. An industrial test was carried out in the chamber of Tashan Coal Mine, which showed good control effect of the surrounding rock in the chamber.