bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Illumination of the Animal Kingdom: The Role of Light and Electricity in Animal Representation
Authors: Burt Jonathan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis essay addresses the subject of animal representation via an historical account of the place of the animal in visual culture. It emphasizes the relationship between the animal as a visual image and the technology that produces this image. It explores three examples in a period covering c. 1895 to the 1930s, in Britain, that analyze the relations between animal representation, technology, and the public domain. These are film, zoo display, and slaughterhouse practice. The overall goal of the essay is to move away from emphasis on the textual, metaphorical animal, which reduces the animal to a mere icon, to achieve a more integrated view of the effects of the presence of the animals and the power of its imagery in human history. "[s]i l'animal a le temps, s'il est «constitué» par un «temps»" ["[w]hether the animal has time, whether the animal is 'constituted' by a 'time.'"] (Derrida, 1999, p. 273)
TWO ISSUES IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE TEL DAN INSCRIPTION
Authors:   Emerton
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn line 3 of the Tel Dan inscription, wyškb refers to lying down either to die or in illness, and it is possible to understand yhk in more than one way, and not necessarily as a preterite; the possibilities include understanding it to be in a circumstantial clause. The use of w + the imperfect as a narrative tense in past time resembles the waw consecutive construction in Hebrew as far as the consonantal text is concerned. Since the inscription does not use vowel letters (except at the ends of some words), it is impossible to be sure either that the vocalization was identical with that of the Hebrew or that it was not. Even if yhk is a preterite, its proximity to wyškb is not an argument against understanding the latter as a waw consecutive.
FAITH IN THE PRESENT FORM OF ISAIAH VII 1-17
Authors: Wong Gordon 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe prophet in Isa. vii 9b urges Ahaz to show faith in Yhwh. But what does faith in Yhwh here entail? The two most common views are considered: a call to total passivity and a call to reject all political alliances. An alternative reading that is based on an appeal to the final form and position of Isa. vii is then proposed. Faith finds security in the word of Yhwh and rejects a religious piety that ignores the practice of righteousness and justice. This understanding of faith is in harmony with the opening message that is found in Isa. i and the emphasis on righteousness that is prominent elsewhere in the book.
Courtship behaviour of Neurergus (Caudata: Salamandridae)
Authors: Steinfartz Sebastian , Sparreboom Max , Schultschik Gunter 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe courtship of all four species of the salamandrid genus Neurergus is described. The display behaviour is similar in all species, but there are differences in the temporal organisation of tail-fanning. The behaviour of these newt species resembles that of other Old World aquatic salamandrids in its general pattern, with tail-fanning the principal movement during the display phase. The spermatophore transfer phase includes a behaviour pattern during which the male turns back side-on to the female after spermatophore deposition and arrests her in a position where her cloaca is situated over the spot where the spermatophore was put down by the male. This movement is similar to the behaviour pattern described as ‘brake’ in all species of Triturus. In cladistic terms this shared behaviour pattern forms a synapomorphy for the genera Triturus and Neurergus.
The genus Pseudis (Anura: Pseudidae) in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, with description of a new species
Authors: Kwet Axel 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA new species of Pseudis is described from São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is known from the southern parts of the Serra Geral where it occurs in grassland, inhabiting permanent ponds and still-water zones of slow flowing creeks. It is characterized by a paired vocal sac and a bulbous thumb, considerably widened at the base. It is distinguished from P. minutus by its different call, body coloration, rounded snout, and a more robust body with shorter hindlimbs. Advertisement call, tadpole, and life history are described. The taxonomy of the family Pseudidae in Rio Grande do Sul is discussed, supporting the synonymy of Lysapsus mantidactylus and P. meridionalis with P. minutus.
MATERNAL BROOD CARE OF AN ARBOREAL BREEDER, CHIRIXALUS EIFFINGERI (ANURA: RHACOPHORIDAE) FROM TAIWAN
Authors: Kam Yeong-Choy , Chen Yi-Huey , Chen Te-Chih , Tsai I-Ru 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
1. We studied the ecological aspects of maternal brood care of Chirixalus eiffingeri in bamboo forests at the Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University at Chitou, Taiwan, from 1996-1998. 2. It appears that the arboreal tadpoles of C. eiffingeri are obligatorily oophagous, maternal brood care is critical to their growth and development. If, for any reason, the female frog does not return to deposit trophic eggs into the arboreal pools, the tadpoles will not grow. 3. The female C. eiffingeri appears to be able to orient herself to the correct bamboo stump using topographical, olfactory or other cues to avoid feeding unrelated tadpoles. 4. The female C. eiffingeri devotes a large amount of energy to reproduction in that she not only invests energy to produce eggs that later become her offspring, but also allocates a tremendous amount of energy in producing eggs to feed her young. The amount of energy required for brooding and the limited number of suitable nest sites in the bamboo forests probably explain why every female frog except one in this study brooded tadpoles in only one of the bamboo stumps. 5. In most cases, all of the tadpoles in a bamboo stump were fed by only one female, but there were two bamboo stumps where two females fed the tadpoles. 6. Our results from Experiments 1-3 suggest that maternal provision of eggs for nutrition of tadpoles in C. eiffingeri incurs a reproductive cost. The female frog cannot desert her tadpoles because this will result in their deaths, thus, she is forced to withhold the future reproduction to ensure the survivorship of current offspring.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF BODY EXPERIENCE INTO LANGUAGE
Authors: Stelter Reinhard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBody experience can be seen as the basis for the formation of the self-concept. The relation between body experience and self-concept is fundamental for human existence and is especially in focus in the fields of psychotherapy (Gendlin, 1981) and movement activities (Stelter, 1996, 1998). But body experience is a "data source" which is difficult to handle scientifically. Body experiences are based on "internal physical sensations" - which Gendlin also describes as the felt meaning or the felt sense, and is not in opposition to phenomenology. To bridge the gap between internal sensations - which are the foundation of the creation of meaning - and language as the medium in both everyday and scientific communication, a form of visualisation technique is introduced to help to evoke descriptions and metaphors that are able to transform body experiences as the pre-reflective mode of information into language as the digital mode of information. Metaphors are the source domain for the target domain body experience (see: Lakoff, 1987). Through the presentation of an empirical project in the field of movement and sport, the theoretical reflections on the process of transforming body experience into language will be exemplified.
Deep burial diagenesis and reservoir quality along the eastern flank of the Viking Graben. Evidence for illitization and quartz cementation after hydrocarbon emplacement
Authors: Midtbø R. E. A. , Rykkje J. M. , Ramm M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Tarbert Formation on a north±south oriented structure along the eastern flank of the Viking Graben has been studied. The reservoir in the two wells studied is buried ~100 m deeper in the northern than in the southern well. The present reservoir temperature is ~130°C. The reservoir quality is good, but due to extensive illitization of kaolin, the northern well shows lower permeability values than the southern well, for similar porosity values. The initial composition of the analysed samples in the two wells is very similar. There are no significant differences in total clay content and both wells contain K-feldspars and kaolin. However, the diagenetic alteration is more advanced in the deeper well. Total porosity is about the same in both wells but, due to illitization, the ratio of micro- vs. macro-porosity is higher in the deeper well. Petroleum emplacement in the structure occurred in two phases: oil emplacement predates, whereas gas emplacement postdates, most of the quartz cementation. In the deeper well, illitization occurred after gas emplacement.
Rare-earth elements as tracers of the genetic relationship between smectite and palygorskite in marine phosphorites
Authors: Chahi A. , Clauer N. , Toulkeridis T. , Bouabdelli M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDetrital smectite in a sandy claystone and a phosphorite, and authigenic palygorskite in a dolomitic marl and a porcellanite from Cretaceous-Tertiary phosphorite deposits of the Ganntour Basin (Morocco) were purified using cation exchange resin, leached with dilute acid, and analysed for the contents and distribution patterns of their REE before and after acid treatment. The normalized patterns confirm a detrital origin for the smectite in the sandy claystone, whereas the origin of the smectite from the phosphorite is obscured by the addition of REE from the phosphogenic environment. The normalized REE patterns of the palygorskite suggest formation in non-oxidizing restricted environments. The Al2O3/ΣREE ratio of the two clay types suggests formation of diagenetic palygorskite (and mixed-layer illite-smectite) from Al-bearing detrital smectite by a dissolution-crystallization process.
Sheet silicates as effective carriers of heavy metals in the ophiolitic mine area of Vigonzano (northern Italy)
Authors: Dinelli E. , Tateo F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn order to assess the role played by sheet silicates in controlling base metal distribution, the mineralogy of the <2 µm fraction of waste material, surface soils, and stream sediments was investigated in the surroundings of a pyrite-chalcopyrite mine area in northern Italy. The results indicate that smectite is very abundant in the <2 µm fraction of the tailings, and it exerts an effective control on the concentrations of Zn, Ni (and Cu). Normal soils and sediments are characterized by interstratified illite-smectite and by lower base metal concentrations. Away from the mine area, smectite decreases in the stream sediments, and chlorite becomes more important in controlling base metal distribution.Ni, Cr, Cu and Co increase with chlorite and talc, but are depleted in the <2 µm fraction compared to coarser fractions in the stream sediments, because the sand–silt fraction of sediments concentrates ophiolitic fragments, variably enriched in ores. A mechanical dispersion of chlorite is probably the controlling factor. Zinc displays a systematic enrichment in the clay fraction of waste material and in the stream sediments but the main mineral carrier is not identified.
Monte Carlo methods for the study of cation ordering in minerals
Authors: Warren M. C. , Dove M. T. , Myers E. R. , Bosenick A. , Palin E. J. , Sainz-Diaz C. I. , Guiton B. S. , Redfern S. A. T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper reviews recent applications of Monte Carlo methods for the study of cation ordering in minerals. We describe the program Ossia99, designed for the simulation of complex ordering processes and for use on parallel computers. A number of applications for the study of long-range and short-range order are described, including the use of the Monte Carlo methods to compute quantities measured in an NMR experiment. The method of thermodynamic integration for the determination of the free energy is described in some detail, and several applications of the method to determine the thermodynamics of disordered systems are outlined.
Origin and multiple crystallization of the kamafugite-carbonatite association: the San Venanzo-Pian di Celle occurrence (Umbria, Italy)
Authors: Stoppa F. , Cundari A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Late Pleistocene kamafugite–carbonatite association at San Venanzo-Pian di Celle forms part of the Umbria-Latium Ultra-alkaline District (ULUD) of central Italy and, together with Toro-Ankole, SW Uganda and Mata de Corda, Brazil, represents one of three similar occurrences so far reported worldwide.Excellent field exposure and stratigraphic control prompted a study of the kamafugite–carbonatite suite and related phase interactions to understand the nature of the distinct mineral assemblages of the pyroclasts, compared to that of the lavas, the former containing essential potassium feldspar and aluminous diopside crystals, absent in the latter.The pyroclastic rocks represent a small amount of magma characterized by ubiquitous mantle xenocrysts and emplaced by early high-velocity eruptions. All the investigated specimens show a high Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratio (0.84–0.93) and high compatible elements (Ni+Cr>1000 ppm). Lavas (venanzite, i.e. leucite melilitite) and a sill (uncompahgrite, i.e. melilitolite) represent final events in the volcanic sequence. They yielded a (Na+K)/Al ratio of c. 1.1 and are larnite-bearing in the CIPW norm. Glass from the lapilli is peralkaline, i.e. (Na+K)/Al>2, and close to the lava in composition. Glass from melilitolite yielded CIPW Or and Hy and is strongly peralkaline, i.e. (Na+K)/Al = 5–6. The lapilli typically exhibit concentrically zoned structures which compound subliquidus venanzite phases, e.g. melilite, leucite, and kalsilite, with mantle xenolithic/xenocrystic debris and carbonatite phases. These lapilli represent a distinct variant of the venanzite liquid, mechanically fractionated and quenched by the diatremic process.Mantle-normalized HFSE for both lava and lapilli show typical extrusive-carbonatite patterns. Carbonatitic beds intercalated with the pyroclastic suite are distinct and typically consist of carbonates high in Sr, Ba and REE. Primary carbonate yielded C isotope compositions ranging from –5.0 to –6.0 δ13C‰, falling within the range of mantle compositions. Distinct differentiation trends of the venanzite magma and its derivatives were recognized, hinging on the coexistence of the silicate and carbonatite fractions. Potential sanidine crystallization trends are suggested, distinct from the venanzite→melilitolite trend, reported for Oldoinyo Lengai assemblages.Unusual aspects of the San Venanzo rock association, relative to similar rock types elsewhere, include the combination of a rare mantle source composition with a lithosphere about 80 km thick. A genetic model for the origin of the San Venanzo kamafugite–carbonatite association and related carbonate-silicate interactions is proposed and discussed. This may be relevant to the petrogenesis of similar rocks elsewhere, particularly in the light of the detailed data on the pyroclasts.
Widespread secondary Ca garnet and other Ca silicates in the Galway Granite and its satellite plutons caused by fluid movements, western Ireland
Authors: Leake Bernard E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWidespread secondary andradite-grossular-hydrogrossular garnet, epidote, prehnite and titanite occur throughout the Galway Granite and its satellite plutons (Roundstone; Inish; Omey and Letterfrack) and even in some of the country rocks several kilometres from the granites. These minerals are not found in low CaO (<1%) granites. They formed as result of secondary fluid movements which altered the biotite, plagioclase and hornblende and also produced sericite and chlorite.
Marshite–miersile solid solution and iodargyrite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Millsteed P. W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMicroprobe analysis of marshite and miersite from Broken Hill, Australia, demonstrate extensive solid solution between the end-members CuI and AgI, indicating the possibility of a complete solid-solution series. Unit-cell parameters increase from 6.054 Å for marshite to 6.504 Å for miersite, closely following Vegard's Law. The Cu content of iodargyrite is generally below the limit of detection, but one zoned crystal contained 0.28 wt.% Cu. Crystallization of either miersite or iodargyrite at Broken Hill appears to be dependent upon the local availability and ratio of copper, silver and iodine ions.
Intra–bone marrow injection of allogeneic bone marrow cells: a powerful new strategy for treatment of intractable autoimmune diseases in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Kushida Taketoshi , Inaba Muneo , Hisha Hiroko , Ichioka Naoya , Esumi Takashi , Ogawa Ryokei , Iida Hirokazu , Ikehara Susumu 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIntractable autoimmune diseases in chimeric resistant MRL/lpr mice were treated by a new bone marrow transplantation (BMT) method consisting of fractionated irradiation, 5.5 Gy × 2, followed by intra–bone marrow (IBM) injection of whole bone marrow cells (BMCs) from allogeneic normal C57BL/6 (B6) mice (5.5 Gy × 2 + IBM). In MRL/lpr mice treated with this method, the number of donor-derived cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and liver rapidly increased (almost 100% donor-derived cells by 14 days after the treatment), and the number of donor-derived hemopoietic progenitor cells concomitantly increased. Furthermore, donor-derived stromal cells were clearly detected in the cultured bone pieces from MRL/lpr mice treated with 5.5 Gy × 2 + IBM. All the recipients thus treated survived more than 1 year (&gt; 60 weeks after birth) and remained free from autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies decreased to almost normal levels, and abnormal T cells (Thy1.2+/B220+/CD4−/CD8−) disappeared. Hematolymphoid cells were reconstituted with donor-derived cells, and newly developed T cells were tolerant to both donor (B6)-type and host (MRL/lpr)-type major histocompatibility complex determinants. Successful cooperation was achieved among T cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells when evaluated by in vitro antisheep red blood cell responses. These findings clearly indicate that this new strategy (IBM-BMT) creates the appropriate hemopoietic environment for the early recovery of hemopoiesis and donor cell engraftment, resulting in the complete amelioration of intractable autoimmune diseases in chimeric resistant MRL/lpr mice without recourse to immunosuppressants. This strategy would therefore be suitable for human therapy.
CD4+CD25+ T-cell development is regulated by at least 2 distinct mechanisms
Authors: Suto Akira , Nakajima Hiroshi , Ikeda Kei , Kubo Shuichi , Nakayama Toshinori , Taniguchi Masaru , Saito Yasushi , Iwamoto Itsuo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt has recently been shown that CD4+CD25+ T cells are immunoregulatory T cells that prevent CD4+ T-cell–mediated organ-specific autoimmune diseases. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of CD4+CD25+ T-cell development were investigated using T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice. It was found that CD4+CD25+ T cells preferentially expressed the endogenous TCRα chain in DO10+ TCR transgenic mice compared with CD4+CD25− T cells. Moreover, it was found that CD4+CD25+ thymocytes were severely decreased in DO10+ TCR-α−/− mice in positively selecting and negatively selecting backgrounds, whereas CD4+CD25− thymocytes efficiently developed by transgenic TCR in DO10+ TCR-α−/− mice in positively selecting backgrounds, indicating that the appropriate affinity of TCR to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) for the development of CD4+CD25+ thymocytes is different from that of CD4+CD25− thymocytes and that a certain TCR–MHC affinity is required for the development of CD4+CD25+ thymocytes. Finally, it was found that, in contrast to thymus, CD4+CD25+ T cells were readily detected in spleen of DO10+TCR-α−/− mice in positively selecting backgrounds and that splenic CD4+CD25+ T cells, but not CD4+CD25+ thymocytes, were significantly decreased in B-cell–deficient mice, suggesting that B cells may control the peripheral pool of CD4+CD25+ T cells. Together, these results indicate that the development of CD4+CD25+ T cells in thymus and the homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ T cells in periphery are regulated by distinct mechanisms.
Decision Analysis of Prophylactic Surgery or Screening for BRCA1 Mutation Carriers: A More Prominent Role For Oophorectomy
Authors: van Roosmalen Mariëlle S. , Verhoef Lia C.G. , Stalmeier Peep F.M. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , van Daal Willem A.J. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: BRCA1 mutation carriers have a high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Carriers may opt for prophylactic surgery and screening. Recent data suggesting that prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer risk have been incorporated in a decision analysis. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to compare LE and QALE following four strategies: (1) prophylactic mastectomy and prophylactic oophorectomy (PMPO), (2) screening for breast cancer and prophylactic oophorectomy (BSPO), (3) prophylactic mastectomy and screening for ovarian cancer (PMOS), and (4) screening for breast and ovarian cancer (BSOS). The analysis was performed for a high (85% breast cancer, 63% ovarian cancer) and medium (56% breast cancer, 16% ovarian cancer) risk level. Utilities for the health states after prophylactic surgery were obtained from mutation carriers. Other model parameter values were obtained from the literature. Sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: When compared with BSOS, the average gain in LE for 30-year-old carriers in the high (medium) risk group was 11.7 (6.6) years for PMPO, 9.5 (5.3) years for BSPO, and 4.9 (4.4) years for PMOS. For 30-year-old carriers, BSPO had a QALE advantage when PO was performed before age 40. In the medium-risk group, there was a stronger advantage for BSPO when QALE was considered. CONCLUSION: PMPO is the most effective strategy to prolong life. However, if patient preferences were taken into account, BSPO tends to be a better strategy in most women at medium risk or in young women at high risk when PO was performed before age 40.
Cost‐benefit analysis of laparoscopic adnexectomy
Authors: Tintara H. , Leetanaporn R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine the economic feasibility (from the patient's viewpoint) of laparoscopic adnexectomy (LA) in a developing country. Method: Forty‐four LA cases of benign ovarian cysts or tubal pregnancy were compared with 44 conventional open adnexectomy (OA) cases treated during the same period and matched by diagnosis, procedure and degree of difficulty. Result: The postoperative hospital stay was 1.3 ± 0.6 days (mean ± S.D.) and 5.3 ± 1.1 days (P < 0.001) for the LA and OA groups, respectively. LA cases had a shorter recovery period (5.8 ± 2.2 days vs. 27.2 ± 6.6 days, P < 0.001), but higher hospital charges (US$463.3 ± 84.9 vs. US$229.8 ± 92.2, P < 0.001), caused mainly (89.2%) by disposable laparoscopic instruments. Incremental cost‐benefit analysis revealed a possible saving with LA for higher income patients (US$9.2 per day). Conclusions: LA in Thailand may have economic benefit only to the higher income patients. Benefits to other patients in developing countries will depend on future cost reductions of disposable instruments and/or more effective use of reusable instruments.