bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using ultrasound to define the time point of intrauterine growth retardation in a mouse model of heme oxygenase-1 deficiency†
Authors: Meyer Nicole , Langwisch Stefanie , Scharm Markus , Zenclussen Ana Claudia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), encoded by the HMOX1 gene, mediates heme catabolism by cleaving free heme. We have previously revealed the importance of HO-1 in pregnancy. Here, we determined the impact of maternal or paternal HO-1 deficiency on fetal growth and placental parameters throughout gestation. We mated Hmox1-sufficient (WT), partial (HET)-, or total (KO)-deficient BALB/c female mice with Hmox1-WT or -KO BALB/c males and performed ultrasound analysis to monitor placental and fetal growth. Doppler measurements were used to determine maternal blood flow parameters. Offspring weights and feto-placental indices (FPI) were also determined. We found a significantly increased number of underdeveloped fetuses at gd10 in HET females that were mated with WT males compared with WT × WT pairings. At the same gestational age, underdeveloped placentas could be detected in HET females mated with KO males. Many fetuses from the KO × KO combination died in utero between gd12 and gd14. At gd14, abnormal placental parameters were found in surviving fetuses, which had significant reduced weights. Moreover, only 3.11% female and 5.33% male KO pups resulted from 10 HET × HET breeding pairs over 1 year. Our results show that HO-1 from both maternal and paternal origins is important for proper placental and fetal growth. Placental growth restriction and occurrence of abortions in mice that were partially or totally deficient in HO-1 were recorded in vivo from gd10 onwards. Future studies will focus on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind these observations.
Modeling continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data during
sleep
Authors: Gaynanova Irina , Punjabi Naresh , Crainiceanu Ciprian 
Published: April 2020

Summary
We introduce a multilevel functional Beta model to quantify the blood glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitors for multiple days in study participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The model estimates the subject-specific marginal quantiles, quantifies the within- and between-subject variability, and produces interpretable parameters of blood glucose dynamics as a function of time from the actigraphy-estimated sleep onset. Results are validated via simulations and by studying the association between the estimated model parameters and hemoglobin A1c, the gold standard for assessing glucose control in diabetes.
Prognostic implications of programmed death ligand 1 expression in resected lung adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Donglai , Mao Yiming , Ding Qifeng , Wang Wei , Zhu Feng , Chen Chang , Chen Yongbing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Conflicting results have been reported about the prognostic value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein and gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma.

METHODS
We performed a comprehensive online search to explore the association between PD-L1 expression (protein and messenger RNA) and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival. Outcomes also included pooled rates of high PD-L1 protein expression in different cell types, per threshold used and per antibody used. A pooled gene expression analysis was also performed on 3 transcriptomic data sets that were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Gene Expression Omnibus database.

RESULTS
A total of 6488 patients from 25 studies were included. The pooled results suggested that high PD-L1 expression was associated with shorter OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.57; P &lt; 0.001] and disease-free survival (HR 1.341; P = 0.037) in the overall population. The overall pooled rate of high PD-L1 protein expression was 29% (95% confidence interval 23–34%) in tumour cells. In subgroup analysis, high PD-L1 protein expression in tumour cells predicted worse OS and disease-free survival. A pooled analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus data sets revealed that higher levels of PD-L1 messenger RNA predicted poorer OS in the entire population.

CONCLUSIONS
This study is, to our knowledge, the largest pooled analysis on the subject to shed light on the high expression rate of PD-L1 and the prognostic value of high PD-L1 expression in resected lung adenocarcinomas. PD-L1 gene expression is a promising prognostic factor for patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Standardization of staining should be underscored prior to routine implementation.
Predictive factors for canine position in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Rizell Sara , Alhakim Zahra , Mark Hans , Naoumova Julia 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Objectives
The aims were to compare cleft and non-cleft canine position, to find predictive factors for canine position and to assess surgically exposed canines.

Materials/Methods
One hundred forty-eight individuals, born 1978–2005, with total unilateral cleft lip and palate (including Simonart’s band &lt;5 mm) treated in Gothenburg, were included. Canine angulation as well as vertical and horizontal position were assessed on panoramic radiographs (PAN) taken at the age of 10. Plausible predictive factors were registered from PAN, cast models and medical records. Data on spontaneous eruption or surgical exposure were available for 88 patients. Cleft- and non-cleft side was compared using paired t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Multiple stepwise regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to detect possible predictors for cleft canine position.

Results
The cleft canine angulation was 29.3 ± 13.1 degrees (mean ± standard deviation) versus 7.6 ± 8.2 degrees on the non-cleft side (p &lt; 0.001). Cleft canines were higher positioned and located closer to the midline compared to non-cleft canines (p &lt; 0.001). Age for both hard palate closure and bone grafting, cleft lateral agenesis as well as transposition were associated with canine position. Cleft canines that required surgical exposure (28%) had an increased angulation and were higher positioned than spontaneously erupted canines (p &lt; 0.001).

Limitations
The shortcomings were the retrospective design and incomplete assessment of the buccal–palatal canine position on 2D images.

Conclusions/Implications
With increased age for bone grafting, decreased age for hard palate closure and transposition, an association with abnormal canine position was found. A rigorous monitoring of cleft canine eruption is, therefore, advocated.
Classification of sinus rhythm single potential morphology in patients with mitral valve disease
Authors: van Schie Mathijs S , Starreveld Roeliene , Roos-Serote Maarten C , Taverne Yannick J H J , van Schaagen Frank R N , Bogers Ad J J C , de Groot Natasja M S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
The morphology of unipolar single potentials (SPs) contains information on intra-atrial conduction disorders and possibly the substrate underlying atrial fibrillation (AF). This study examined the impact of AF episodes on features of SP morphology during sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with mitral valve disease.

Methods and results
Intraoperative epicardial mapping (interelectrode distance 2 mm) of the right and left atrium (RA, LA), Bachmann’s bundle (BB), and pulmonary vein area (PVA) was performed in 67 patients (27 male, 67 ± 11 years) with or without a history of paroxysmal AF (PAF). Unipolar SPs were classified according to their differences in relative R- and S-wave amplitude ratios. A clear predominance of S-waves was observed at BB and the RA in both the no AF and PAF groups (BB 88.8% vs. 85.9%, RA 92.1% vs. 85.1%, respectively). Potential voltages at the RA, BB, and PVA were significantly lower in the PAF group (P &lt; 0.001 for each) and were mainly determined by the size of the S-waves amplitudes. The largest difference in S-wave amplitudes was found at BB; the S-wave amplitude was lower in the PAF group [4.08 (2.45–6.13) mV vs. 2.94 (1.40–4.75) mV; P &lt; 0.001]. In addition, conduction velocity (CV) at BB was lower as well [0.97 (0.70–1.21) m/s vs. 0.89 (0.62–1.16) m/s, P &lt; 0.001].

Conclusion
Though excitation of the atria during SR is heterogeneously disrupted, a history of AF is characterized by decreased SP amplitudes at BB due to loss of S-wave amplitudes and decreased CV. This suggests that SP morphology could provide additional information on wavefront propagation.
Health literacy as a determinant of healthy eating and active living in Canadian immigrant youth
Authors: Richter Solina , Yohani Sophie , Vallianatos Helen , Higginbottom Gina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore health literacy and community engagement in relation to active living with newcomer young people and their families. We employed a case study design and a participatory approach. The data collected included photovoice and photo-assisted focus group interviews, which included an initial stage when youth participated in workshops creating collages on healthy living. A follow-up focus group centred on discussion of the collages with subsequent training on the photovoice method and the use of the cameras, and a second focus group, which incorporated photos taken by participants during the programming and their leisure time. Different themes were developed from the data: active living, balance, body talk, challenges, environment and health, culture and health, family, health and food, health and safety, knowledge, source of knowledge, peers and friends, personal hygiene, recreational activities, socio-emotional health, social isolation and spiritual health. Excerpts were taken from the different themes to demonstrate the immigrant/refugee youths’ understanding of levels of health literacy and its contribution to healthy eating and active living. The qualitative findings are presented under the different tenets of health literacy. Health literacy extends beyond the individual level and effects the whole family and communities; intervention need to extend to include community connections and involvement activities. Future research needs to focus on the long-term effects of critical health literacy among immigrant communities.
Impaired Cellular Immune Responses During the First Week of Severe Acute Influenza Infection
Authors: Turner Jackson S , Lei Tingting , Schmitz Aaron J , Day Aaron , Choreño-Parra José Alberto , Jiménez-Alvarez Luis , Cruz-Lagunas Alfredo , House Stacey L , Zúñiga Joaquín , Ellebedy Ali H , Mudd Philip A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Cellular immune responses are not well characterized during the initial days of acute symptomatic influenza infection.

Methods
We developed a prospective cohort of human subjects with confirmed influenza illness of varying severity who presented within a week after symptom onset. We characterized lymphocyte and monocyte populations as well as antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell and B-cell responses from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunospot assays.

Results
We recruited 68 influenza-infected individuals on average 3.5 days after the onset of symptoms. Three patients required mechanical ventilation. Influenza-specific CD8+ T-cell responses expanded before the appearance of plasmablast B cells. However, the influenza-specific CD8+ T-cell response was lower in infected subjects than responses seen in uninfected control subjects. Circulating populations of inflammatory monocytes were increased in most subjects compared with healthy controls. Inflammatory monocytes were significantly reduced in the 3 subjects requiring mechanical ventilation. Inflammatory monocytes were also reduced in a separate validation cohort of mechanically ventilated patients.

Conclusions
Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells respond early during acute influenza infection at magnitudes that are lower than responses seen in uninfected individuals. Circulating inflammatory monocytes increase during acute illness and low absolute numbers are associated with very severe disease.
Entrepreneurial Intention: The Impact of General Computer Self-Efficacy and Computer Anxiety
Authors: Albashrawi Mousa , Alashoor Tawfiq 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Entrepreneurs are valuable assets because of their enormous contribution to their nations’ economy through creating new ventures and job opportunities. The entrepreneurship literature is informative with respect to what drives individuals to become entrepreneurs. However, it does not shed light on IT-related factors that can explain and predict entrepreneurial intention. The current study investigates the technological perspective and develops a theoretical model that extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by incorporating cognitive and emotional IT-related factors into established entrepreneurial models. More specifically, the developed model explains how general computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety can influence entrepreneurial intention. The study provides interesting results, as it compares two models generated for entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Contributions are communicated to both academia and industry.
Measuring the Costs of Limb Regeneration and Their Transgenerational Consequences in Two Nearctic Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Michaud J P , Abdelwahab Ahmed H , Bayoumy Mohamed H , Awadalla S S , El-Gendy M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examined the ability of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville to regenerate, during pupation, a foreleg amputated in the fourth instar. Leg regeneration was complete for 80.7% of amputated H. convergens larvae, with 12.5% regenerating partially, and 6.8% showing no regeneration. Regeneration in C. maculata was 72.2% complete, 20.5% partial, and 7.2% none, but mortality following ablation was slightly higher than for H. convergens (7.4 vs. 0.6%). Ablation/regeneration caused a slight delay in pupation, but pupation time, fresh mass at emergence, and reproductive performance remained unaffected in either species. Reciprocal crosses were made between regenerated and unoperated beetles, and 12 progeny reared from the second clutch of each female in all treatments. Mating treatment affected eclosion time in H. convergens, whereas in C. maculata, larval development and pupation time were also affected. Considering all treatments, larval mortality was higher in H. convergens than in C. maculata, but lower when both H. convergens parents regenerated. Parental mating treatment did not affect adult weight in either species, but development of C. maculata progeny was faster when only the sire regenerated, and slower when the only the dame regenerated, whereas progeny of regenerated sires completed pupated faster than those sired by controls. We infer that genes activated during regeneration have pleiotropic effects with subtle, gender-specific, epigenetic consequences. If these pleiotropic effects are genetically linked to important traits, regenerative genetic elements could be conserved in coccinellids via natural selection acting on these traits, rather than on regenerative ability per se.
Lady scientist, technological treasures and the making of a discipline
Authors: Vider Jaanika 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford is known for its abundant ethnographic and archaeological collections and typological displays. Conceived as an educational museum serving the purposes of evolutionist anthropology and its comparative practice, the collections grew considerably in size and geographical scope during Henry Balfour’s curatorship (1893–1939). The museum’s Siberian collection is almost entirely made up of objects from a single expedition to the Yenisei valley in 1914–15, led by a recent graduate from the University of Oxford Diploma in Anthropology, Maria Antonina Czaplicka (1884–1921). This article follows the journey of the making of this collection, starting from the context of the newly established diploma, and moving through international networks of museum professionals, into the Illimpei tundra, and back to what is now its institutional home in Oxford. Examining the practices of an early professionally trained anthropologist, the article offers novel insights into the complex entanglement of museum collecting and early twentieth-century anthropological teaching and research.
Boolean negation and non-conservativity I: Relevant modal logics
Authors: Øgaard Tore Fjetland 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany relevant logics can be conservatively extended by Boolean negation. Mares showed, however, that E is a notable exception. Mares’ proof is by and large a rather involved model-theoretic one. This paper presents a much easier proof-theoretic proof which not only covers E but also generalizes so as to also cover relevant logics with a primitive modal operator added. It is shown that from even very weak relevant logics augmented by a weak K-ish modal operator, and up to the strong relevant logic R with a S5 modal operator, all fail to be conservatively extended by Boolean negation. The proof, therefore, also covers Meyer and Mares’ proof that NR—R with a primitive S4-modality added—also fails to be conservatively extended by Boolean negation.
When Counterarguing Becomes the Primary Task: Examination of Dogmatic Anti-Vaping Messages on Psychological Reactance, Available Cognitive Resources, and Memory
Authors: Clayton Russell B , Leshner Glenn , Sanders-Jackson Ashley , Hendrickse Joshua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study tested Psychological Reactance Theory and the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing by examining participants’ (N = 155 young adult, ever-vapers) cognitive and affective responses to anti-vaping public service announcements (PSAs) featuring dogmatic or suggestive language. Ever-vapers in the dogmatic PSA condition were predicted to report greater perceived freedom threats, anger and counterarguments, and intentions to vape relative to ever-vapers in the suggestive PSA condition. This study also examined how counterarguing, as the cognitive component of psychological reactance, influences available cognitive resources and encoding of message content. The results indicated that ever-vapers in the dogmatic PSA condition reported significantly greater freedom threats and state psychological reactance but not intentions to vape relative to ever-vapers in the suggestive PSA condition. Moreover, counterarguing dogmatic anti-vaping PSAs resulted in fewer available cognitive resources for encoding as evidenced by slower Secondary Task Reaction Times (STRTs) and reduced encoding of message content. The results from this study provide considerable theoretical and practical implications while advancing the STRT measure.
Inclination-type resonance in two-planet systems
Authors: Sotiriadis Sotiris , Libert Anne-Sophie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We investigate the inclination-growth mechanisms for two-planet systems during the late protoplanetary disc phase. In previous works, much attention has been directed to the inclination-type resonance, and it has been shown that it asks for high eccentricities to be acquired during the migration of the giant planets. By adopting eccentricity and inclination damping formulae based on hydrodynamical simulations (instead of the K-prescription), we have carried out 20000 numerical simulations, where we vary the initial planetary eccentricities, the migration rate, and the dispersal time of the gas disc. Our results confirm that highly mutually inclined systems are unlikely to be produced by an inclination-type resonance of two migrating giant planets. However, in $\sim 1~\%$ of the simulations, inclination-type resonance is observed, and a dynamical study of the evolutions reveals that the inclination-type resonance mechanism operates in three cases: i) when the inner planet reaches the inner cavity of the disc, ii) at moderate to high eccentricities for faster migration rates, and iii) at low to moderate eccentricities after a phase of orbital destabilization and re-arrangement.
The Dancing Cord: Inherent Spinal Cord Motion and Its Effect on Cord Dose in Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Authors: Oztek Murat Alp , Mayr Nina A , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Nyflot Matthew , Sponseller Patricia A , Wu Wei , Hofstetter Christoph P , Saigal Rajiv , Bowen Stephen R , Hippe Daniel S , Yuh William T C , Stewart Robert D , Lo Simon S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spinal cord dose limits are critically important for the safe practice of spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). However, the effect of inherent spinal cord motion on cord dose in SBRT is unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of cord motion on spinal cord dose in SBRT.

METHODS
Dynamic balanced fast field echo (BFFE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained in 21 spine metastasis patients treated with SBRT. Planning computed tomography (CT), conventional static T2-weighted MRI, BFFE MRI, and dose planning data were coregistered. Spinal cord from the dynamic BFFE images (corddyn) was compared with the T2-weighted MRI (cordstat) to analyze motion of corddyn beyond the cordstat (Dice coefficient, Jaccard index), and beyond cordstat with added planning organ at risk volume (PRV) margins. Cord dose was compared between cordstat, and corddyn (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

RESULTS
Dice coefficient (0.70-0.95, median 0.87) and Jaccard index (0.54-0.90, median 0.77) demonstrated motion of corddyn beyond cordstat. In 62% of the patients (13/21), the dose to corddyn exceeded that of cordstat by 0.6% to 13.8% (median 4.3%). The corddyn spatially excursed outside the 1-mm PRV margin of cordstat in 9 patients (43%); among these dose to corddyn exceeded dose to cordstat
>+ 1-mm PRV margin in 78% of the patients (7/9). Corddyn did not excurse outside the 1.5-mm or 2-mm PRV cord cordstat margin.

CONCLUSION
Spinal cord motion may contribute to increases in radiation dose to the cord from SBRT for spine metastasis. A PRV margin of at least 1.5 to 2 mm surrounding the cord should be strongly considered to account for inherent spinal cord motion.
Characteristics of doctors’ fatality due to COVID-19 in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific countries
Authors: Yoshida I , Tanimoto T , Schiever N , Patelli F , Kami M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the deaths of healthcare professionals have been increasingly reported worldwide. We performed a cross-sectional, observational study using news reports on the websites among selected countries as of April 2020. We found 120 dead medical doctors due to COVID-19 in Western Europe and Asia-Pacific countries; 67 in Italy (47 in the Northern part), 34 in China (22 in Hubei), 6 in France, 4 in the UK, the USA and Spain and 1 in South Korea, respectively. Among them, 90% were men, and specialties were reported as general practitioners for 30% and as physicians for 11.6%. The overall proportions of dead medical doctors amounted to 1.9 per 10 000 confirmed cases and 30.2 per 10 000 dead cases, respectively. Proactive measures are warranted to protect doctors especially who often encounters with COVID-19 patients.