bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatologic adverse reactions to proton‐pump inhibitors: A synthetized review
Authors: Salloum Antoine , Nasr Dayana , Maalouf Diane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundProton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most prescribed drugs. Their dermatological adverse reactions are multiple and vary in severity.AimsThis review discusses all reported cutaneous side effects of PPIs in order to help physicians understand them and provide appropriate management.MethodsA thorough search of PubMed, Embase, and FDAAQ8 drugs websites was conducted. 56 articles including case reports, case series, and review articles of PPI‐induced cutaneous adverse reactions were selected. Data were recorded regarding patient age, gender, history, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, management, and clinical outcomes.ResultsPPI‐induced adverse skin reactions are mostly immunological and include both immediate and delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions are sometimes life‐threatening. All PPIs can induce immediate IgE‐mediated reactions. Most of previously published cases of delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions have involved esomeprazole, omeprazole, and lansoprazole. Skin tests are helpful in confirming PPI‐induced hypersensitivity reactions and diagnosing potential cross‐reactivities. PPIs should also be added to our list of usual suspects when considering possible culprits for a new presentation of drug‐induced subacute lupus erythematosus. PPI‐related occupational contact dermatitis has also been numerously reported.ConclusionPPIs should be considered in our list of culprits when considering a patient with a cutaneous drug reaction, taking into account that these drugs can cause severe immunological manifestations.
Psychodermatology of acne: Psychological aspects and effects of acne vulgaris
Authors: Stamu‐O'Brien Caroline , Jafferany Mohammad , Carniciu Simona , Abdelmaksoud Ayman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionAcne is a chronic inflammatory skin condition seen commonly in adolescence and young adulthood. Despite being a frequent and nonthreatening life condition, acne has a significant psychological impact and comorbidity.AimsThis review will describe prevalence, common clinical features, different clinical presentations, differential diagnoses, and treatment recommendation. Special focus has been put on psychological aspects.MethodsWe conducted a literature search on PubMed from January 2001 to June 2020 with the search terms of Acne vulgaris, psychological, adolescents, anxiety, suicide, mood disorders. Reference lists of identified articles were examined for further relevant studies. The search was limited to English language articles. No specified quality criteria were used for study inclusion.ResultsThe clinical manifestations of acne are very important in the differential diagnosis and its psychological implications.ConclusionThrough this article, we conclude that despite being a frequent and nonthreatening life condition, acne has a significant psychological impact which requires effective treatment to improve the patient’s skin and self‐esteem.
Genetic polymorphism of liver X receptor gene in vitiligo: Does it have an association?
Authors: Shehata Wafaa A. , Maraee Alaa , Mehesin Marwa , Tayel Nermin , Azmy Rania 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is an acquired depigmentation of the skin and the mucous membranes, exhibited as white macules and patches due to selective loss of melanocytes. Etiological theories of vitiligo include genetic, immunological, neurohormonal, cytotoxic, biochemical, oxidative stress, and newer theories of melanocytorrhagy and diminished melanocytes survival. It has been revealed that liver X receptor alpha gene is expressed in skin tissue such as sebaceous glands, hair follicle, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts and is linked to various skin disorders as acne vulgaris and psoriasis.Aim of the StudyTo evaluate the association between liver X receptor‐α gene polymorphism (rs11039155 and rs2279238) and vitiligo and whether they are related to disease activity and severity or not.Subjects and Methods50 vitiligo patients and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched apparently healthy controls were enrolled. All the included subjects were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis technique for (−6G/A) and (+1257C/T) SNPs.ResultsSignificant statistical difference between cases and controls regarding genotype and allele frequencies for −6G/A polymorphism with predominance of AA genotype (OR: 5.1, 95% CI: 1.6‐15.9) and A allele (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.6‐15.9) in cases and also for +1257C/T polymorphism with predominance of TT genotype OR: 9.2 (95% CI: 1.4‐82.9) and T allele OR: 3.4 (95% CI: 1.4‐8.1) in vitiligo cases. No significant relationship between −6G/A genotypes nor +1257C/T genotypes and disease activity and severity.ConclusionThe study showed significant association between Liver X receptor gene polymorphisms (−6G/A, +1257 C/T) and development of vitiligo in Egyptian patients. However, it failed to show any relation with disease activity nor severity.
Incidence patterns of gynecological sarcomas in Iran analysis of National Cancer Registry data between 2009 and 2014
Authors: Akbari Atieh , Khalili Neda , Asef‐Kabiri Leila , Negahi Alireza , Raeisi Alireza , Akbari Mohammad E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimGynecological sarcomas (GS) are rare malignant tumors arising in the female genital organs. Due to the low incidence and diverse histology, information on the epidemiology of these tumors is sparse. We aimed to investigate the incidence rates of GS in Iran that in our knowledge is the first report from Eastern Mediterranean Region.MethodsIn this retrospective study, all malignant tumors with a sarcoma morphology arising in the female genital organs diagnosed between 2009 and 2014 were extracted from the Iran National Cancer Registry dataset. All the cancer cases were categorized according to ICD‐O‐3 morphologic and topographic codes. Age‐standardized incidence rates, age‐specific incidence rates, morphologic and geographic distribution of all cases were analyzed and compared with other parts of the world.ResultsA total of 1174 cases were diagnosed over the period 2009–2014. The overall age‐standardized incidence rate for all sites combined was 6.13 per million females. Analysis of trends in incidence did not show a significant change over time according to annual average percent change analysis (P‐value = 0.300). The most common anatomical site was the uterus, accounting for 77% of all cases. The mean (±SD) age at diagnosis, irrespective of tumor site, was 52.3 (±15) years. In terms of morphology, leiomyosarcoma was the most frequently observed subtype, constituting 34% of all GS. Also, the highest ASIR was observed in women aged 60–64 years.ConclusionBased on the findings, GS are relatively rare tumors that occur more in old women. The results of this study provide a comprehensive picture of GS incidence patterns in Iran for more investigation.
Density of nerve fibres and expression of substance P, NR2B‐receptors and nerve growth factor in healthy human masseter muscle: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Alhilou Abdelrahman M. , Shimada Akiko , Svensson Camilla I. , Ernberg Malin , Cairns Brian E. , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn skeletal muscle, free nerve endings are mostly located within the connective tissue. However, the distribution of sensory afferent fibres in healthy human masseter muscle tissues has not been studied.ObjectivesPrimarily to investigate human masseter muscle nerve fibre densities as well as expression of NR2B receptors, substance P (SP) and nerve growth factor (NGF), and secondarily to compare this between a) nerve fibres associated with myocytes and within connective tissue; b) sexes; and c) ages.MethodsMicrobiopsies of the masseter muscle were obtained from 60 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy participants. Biopsy sections were analysed using immunohistochemistry and were visualised with a Leica TCS SPE confocal microscope. The Mann‐Whitney U test was used for statistical analyses.ResultsThe density of nerve fibres within connective tissue was significantly greater than in nerve fibres associated with myocytes (P < .001). Nerve fibres within connective tissue expressed SP alone or together with NR2B significantly more often than those associated with myocytes (P < .001). The frequency of nerve fibres, which expressed SP alone or in combination with NR2B or NGF, was significantly greater in women than in men (P < .050). Moreover, the co‐expression of the three markers together was inversely correlated with age in women (P < .002).ConclusionsThere is a higher density and greater expression of sensory nerve fibres within the connective tissue than associated with myocytes in healthy human masseter muscle. This suggests that nerve fibres within connective tissue are more involved in nociception than nerve fibres associated with myocytes.
Tele‐ICUs for COVID‐19: A Look at National Prevalence and Characteristics of Hospitals Providing Teleintensive Care
Authors: Williams Dunc , Lawrence John , Hong Young‐Rock , Winn Aaron 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeAmidst the COVID‐19 outbreak, the use of intensive care unit telemedicine (tele‐ICUs) may be one mechanism to provide patient care, particularly in rural parts of the United States. The purpose of this research was to inform hospital decision makers considering tele‐ICUs, policy makers weighing immediate and longer‐term funding and reimbursement decisions relative to tele‐ICU care, and researchers conducting future work evaluating tele‐ICUs.MethodsWe compared hospitals that reported providing teleintensive care to hospitals that reported not providing teleintensive care in the 2018 American Hospital Association Annual Survey (AHAAS). Differences between groups were tested using Pearson's chi‐square (categorical variables) and t‐tests (continuous variables) using 0.05 as the probability of Type 1 error. The study sample included all US short‐term, acute care hospitals that responded to the AHAAS in 2018. Our key variable of interest was whether a hospital reported having any tele‐ICU capabilities in the 2018 AHAAS. Other factors evaluated were ownership, region, beds, ICU beds, outpatient visits, emergency department visits, full‐time employees, and whether a hospital was rural, a critical access hospital, a major teaching hospital, or part of a health system.FindingsLarger, not‐for‐profit, nonrural, noncritical access, teaching hospitals that were part of a health system, particularly in the Midwest, were more likely to have tele‐ICUs. Over one‐third of hospital referral regions (HRRs) had zero hospitals with tele‐ICUs, 4 had all hospitals with tele‐ICU, and the median percent of hospitals with tele‐ICU by HRR, weighted by outpatient visits, was 11.3%.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe found wide variation in the prevalence of tele‐ICUs across HRRs and states. Future work should continue the evaluation of tele‐ICU effectiveness and, if favorable, explore the variation we identified for improved access to teleintensive care.
Severe paediatric obesity and sleep: A mutual interactive relationship!
Authors: Ischander Mariam M. , Lloyd Robert D. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryChildhood severe obesity is a serious, urgent and complex global health problem with long‐term co‐morbidities. Obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing is more common in obese children and adolescents. Increased body mass index is associated with an increase in apnea−hypopnea index. Obstructive sleep apnea leads to a decrease in rapid eye movement sleep, and obese children have been noted to have a decrease in rapid eye movement sleep, leading to weight gain. Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with childhood obesity and cardiometabolic risks. Public health strategies for obesity prevention should focus more on sleep. Targeting childhood obesity is important in the prevention and management of obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing.
Prevalence and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Guglielmini Carlo , Goncalves Sousa Marlos , Baron Toaldo Marco , Valente Carlotta , Bentivoglio Vinicius , Mazzoldi Chiara , Bergamin Ilaria , Drigo Michele , Poser Helen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common supraventricular arrhythmia more frequently observed in large breed dogs.ObjectivesEstimate the prevalence of AF in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and identify risk factors for developing AF.AnimalsA total of 2194 client‐owned dogs with MMVD, including 1280, 588, 290, and 36 dogs in ACVIM stages B1, B2, C, and D, respectively.MethodsRetrospective, cross‐sectional study. The medical databases of 3 veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of MMVD after complete cardiovascular evaluation and cardiac rhythm assessment using routine 2‐minute ECG or good quality ECG tracing during echocardiographic examination.ResultsAtrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 59 dogs with a prevalence of 2.7%. Univariate analysis showed that mixed breed, male sex, advanced ACVIM stage, left atrial and ventricular enlargement, fractional shortening (FS), and presence of pulmonary hypertension were significantly associated with development of AF. According to 2 multivariable models, the left atrium (LA)‐to‐aorta ratio (odds ratio [OR] = 14.011, 7.463‐26.304), early trans‐mitral velocity (OR = 2.204, 1.192‐4.076), body weight (OR = 1.094, 1.058‐1.130), and FS (OR = 0.899, 0.865‐0.934) and LA (OR = 5.28, 3.377‐8.092), advanced ACVIM stage (OR = 4.922, 1.481‐16.353), and FS (OR = 0.919, 0.881‐0.959) were significant predictors of AF for models 1 and 2, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAtrial fibrillation is an uncommon complication of MMVD and is significantly associated with the more advanced stage of the disease, increased LA dimension and body weight, and decreased FS.
Using ITS2 metabarcoding and microscopy to analyse shifts in pollen diets of honey bees and bumble bees along a mass‐flowering crop gradient
Authors: Bänsch Svenja , Tscharntke Teja , Wünschiers Röbbe , Netter Leonie , Brenig Bertram , Gabriel Doreen , Westphal Catrin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWorldwide pollinator declines lead to pollination deficits in crops and wild plants, and managed bees are frequently used to meet the increasing demand for pollination. However, their foraging can be affected by flower availability and colony size. We investigated how mass‐flowering oilseed rape (OSR) can influence the pollen resource use of small and large honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and bumble bee (Bombus terrestris L.) colonies. Colonies were placed adjacent to strawberry fields along a gradient of OSR availability in the landscapes. We used ITS2 metabarcoding to identify the pollen richness based on ITS2 amplicon sequencing and microscopy for quantification of target pollen. Bumble bees collected pollen from more different plant genera than honey bees. In both species, strawberry pollen collection decreased with high OSR availability but was facilitated by increasing strawberry flower cover. Colony size had no effect. The relationship between next‐generation sequencing‐generated ITS2 amplicon reads and microscopic pollen counts was positive but pollen type‐specific. Bumble bees and, to a lesser degree, honey bees collected pollen from a wide variety of plants. Therefore, in order to support pollinators and associated pollination services, future conservation schemes should sustain and promote pollen plant richness in agricultural landscapes. Both bee species responded to the availability of flower resources in the landscape. Although honey bees collected slightly more strawberry pollen than bumble bees, both can be considered as crop pollinators. Metabarcoding could provide similar quantitative information to microscopy, taking into account the pollen types, but there remains high potential to improve the methodological weaknesses.
Threat to Asian wild apple trees posed by gene flow from domesticated apple trees and their “pestified” pathogens
Authors: Feurtey Alice , Guitton Ellen , De Gracia Coquerel Marie , Duvaux Ludovic , Shiller Jason , Bellanger Marie‐Noëlle , Expert Pascale , Sannier Mélanie , Caffier Valérie , Giraud Tatiana , Le Cam Bruno , Lemaire Christophe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSecondary contact between crops and their wild relatives poses a threat to wild species, not only through gene flow between plants, but also through the dispersal of crop pathogens and genetic exchanges involving these pathogens, particularly those that have become more virulent by indirect selection on resistant crops, a phenomenon known as “pestification.” Joint analyses of wild and domesticated hosts and their pathogens are essential to address this issue, but such analyses remain rare. We used population genetics approaches, demographic inference and pathogenicity tests on host–pathogen pairs of wild or domesticated apple trees from Central Asia and their main fungal pathogen, Venturia inaequalis, which itself has differentiated agricultural and wild‐type populations. We confirmed the occurrence of gene flow from cultivated (Malus domestica) to wild (Malus sieversii) apple trees in Asian forests, potentially threatening the persistence of Asian wild apple trees. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated the pestification of V. inaequalis, the agricultural‐type population being more virulent on both wild and domesticated trees. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and the demographic modelling of pathogen populations revealed hybridization following secondary contact between agricultural and wild‐type fungal populations, and dispersal of the agricultural‐type pathogen population in wild forests, increasing the threat of disease in the wild apple species. We detected an SNP potentially involved in pathogen pestification, generating an early stop codon in a gene encoding a small secreted protein in the agricultural‐type fungal population. Our findings, based on joint analyses of paired host and pathogen data sets, highlight the threat posed by cultivating a crop near its centre of origin, in terms of pestified pathogen invasions in wild plant populations and introgression in the wild‐type pathogen population.
Oral Paracoccidioidomycosis affecting women: A systematic review
Authors: Costa Matheus de Castro , de Carvalho Milena Moraes , Sperandio Felipe Fornias , Ribeiro Junior Noé Vital , Hanemann João Adolfo Costa , Pigossi Suzane Cristina , de Carli Marina Lara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an infection caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides and is marked by a strong predilection for men; nevertheless, some women have had developed PCM and have presented oral involvement by the disease. Objectives: To review all published cases until August 2020 of oral PCM in women, with emphasis on the presence of systemic changes, deleterious habits (tobacco and alcohol) and oral manifestation features through a systematic review. Methods: Observational studies (both prospective and retrospective) and case reports indexed in the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and LIVIVO databases were selected by two reviewers in a two‐phase process following the pre‐established PICOS criteria. Results: Twenty‐five studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis, of which 72 participants were enrolled. Brazilian White women between 40 and 50 years were the most affected and social history revealed them to be housewives or rural workers. Fifteen women (33.3% of the informed cases) presented any systemic change at the time of PCM diagnosis, namely pregnancy, HIV infection and/or depression. Moriform stomatitis was predominant and affected preferentially the gingivae and alveolar processes in the form of a single painful lesion. Most patients were treated with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim or itraconazole. Conclusions: Oral PCM in women is rare; some cases showed systemic changes at the time of PCM diagnosis, namely HIV infection, pregnancy and depression. New studies should be conducted to elucidate the influence of systemic alterations on the development of oral PCM in women.
China's Development Model: Can it be Replicated in Sub‐Saharan Africa?
Authors: Babones Salvatore 
Published: October 2020

Viewed as an economic long march from poverty to middle‐income status, China's four decades of rapid economic growth can seem little short of miraculous. Unsurprisingly, such a record is bound to inspire imitators, and China's political‐economic model of authoritarian capitalism or state‐sponsored neoliberalism has attracted many admirers in Africa. But viewed as a rapid rebound after the removal of catastrophic Maoist economic mismanagement, China's growth spurt has done little more than bring China up to the level of other semiperipheral countries in Asia, the post‐Soviet space, and Latin America. China's economy rapidly grew to a level commensurate with its state capacity, and it is now leveling out at that level. The low levels of state capacity that have historically prevented most African countries from reaching middle‐income levels of GDP per capita still prevail, and until these change, African countries will not be able to follow China into middle‐income status.Related Articles (in this Special Issue)Davidsson, Simon. 2020. “Modeling the Impact of a Model: The (Non)Relationship between China's Economic Rise and African Democracy.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Hodzi, Obert. 2020. “African Political Elites and the Making(s) of the China Model in Africa.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Hodzi, Obert, and John H. S. Åberg. 2020. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Strategic Deployment of the China Model in Africa.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).
Barriers to optimal vascular access for hemodialysis
Authors: Brown Robert S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVascular access is the Achilles heel for hemodialysis (HD). An arteriovenous fistula (AVF), considered the optimal access for HD, rather than a graft or central venous catheter (CVC) caused the “Fistula First” initiative to dominate quality assessment. However, this initiative had the unintended consequence of increasing the proportion of less desirable catheters, leading to “Fistula First, Catheter Last”. But as the end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) population expanded with aging, sicker patients, individual assessment of the appropriate access changed the paradigm to KDOQI’s “Patient First: ESKD Life‐Plan” to attain the “right access, in the right patient, at the right time, for the right reasons”. However, such a goal has proved elusive because the optimal vascular access does not currently exist. Thus, ESKD care providers attempting to offer the “right access” must weigh the barriers to achieving the most optimal access to suit each of their HD patients. The barriers are based on shortcomings related specifically to each of the three vascular accesses and to characteristics of each ESKD patient's demographics, physical factors, quality of life, and cost considerations. This article will describe these barriers so that clinicians caring for ESKD patients initiating or receiving HD provide the most optimal vascular access for that specific patient.
Teaching linear correlation using contour plots
Authors: Paolino Jon‐Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method for introductory teaching of the sample linear correlation coefficient from a bivariate dataset. Linear correlation is typically included in curriculums at the secondary and introductory tertiary levels of education. The method discussed herein can be used by educators in elementary courses at either of these levels. We explain how scatterplots with the addition of contour plots can be used to teach the strength and direction of linear relationship between two variables; and demonstrate the production of contour plots using statistical computing software. Finally, we show how this innovative method could be included in classroom activities.