bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thresholds and Endocrine Disruptors: An Endocrine Society Policy Perspective
Authors: Demeneix Barbara , Vandenberg Laura N , Ivell Richard , Zoeller R Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The concept of a threshold of adversity in toxicology is neither provable nor disprovable. As such, it is not a scientific question but a theoretical one. Yet, the belief in thresholds has led to traditional ways of interpreting data derived from regulatory guideline studies of the toxicity of chemicals. This includes, for example, the use of standard “uncertainty factors” when a “No Adverse Effect Level” (or similar “benchmark dose”) is either observed, or not observed. In the context of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), this approach is demonstrably inappropriate. First, the efficacy of a hormone on different endpoints can vary by several orders of magnitude. This feature of hormone action also applies to EDCs that can interfere with that hormone. For this reason, we argue that the choice of endpoint for use in regulation is critical, but note that guideline studies were not designed with this in mind. Second, the biological events controlled by hormones in development not only change as development proceeds but are different from events controlled by hormones in the adult. Again, guideline endpoints were also not designed with this in mind, especially since the events controlled by hormones can be both temporally and spatially specific. The Endocrine Society has laid out this logic over several years and in several publications. Rather than being extreme views, they represent what is known about hormones and the chemicals that can interfere with them.
Impact of malaria on haematological parameters of urban, peri-urban and rural residents in the Ashanti region of Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mutala Abdul-Hakim , Badu Kingsley , Owusu Christian , Agordzo Samuel Kekeli , Tweneboah Austine , Abbas Dawood Ackom , Addo Matthew Glover 
Published: July 2020

Background: We aimed at investigating the impact of malaria on the haematological parameters of residents from different demographic settlements in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Malaria parasites trigger changes in certain haematological parameters, which may result in a number of clinical manifestations. Differences in demographic settlements, such as rural, peri-urban and urban settlements may also influence these changes, but this has not been extensively studied in Ghana. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional study from January to December 2018 in three different settlements. A total of 598 participants were recruited. Blood smears were examined to detect and quantify malaria parasitaemia, while haematological parameters were measured using a haematology analyser. Results: Participants from the rural settlement had the highest malaria prevalence (21.3%) compared to urban (11.8%) and peri-urban areas (13.3%); however, the peri-urban area had the highest median parasite density (568; IQR=190.0-1312.0). Age was significantly associated with the odds of malaria positivity (OR: 0.97; CI:0.96 — 0.99; p=4.96*10-4). When haematological parameters of the malaria-infected study participants were compared to the parameters of uninfected participants, red blood cell count (p=0.017), haemoglobin (p=0.0165), haematocrit (p=0.0015), mean corpuscular volume (p=0.0014), plateletcrit (p<0.0001) and platelet count (p<0.0001) were all significantly lower in the malaria infected group. In addition to age, haemoglobin and plateletcrit levels were also inversely correlated with the odds of testing positive for malaria, suggesting that children who were anaemic and/or thrombocytopaenic were likely to be infected. After fitting the data to a logistic regression model comprising the three variables, the model correctly categorised 78% of uninfected study participants, but only 50% of the malaria-positive participants. Conclusions: Study participants who were positive for malaria were younger and had low haemoglobin and plateletcrit levels compared to uninfected individuals. Further studies are needed to more precisely elucidate the relationship between malaria infection,demographic and haematological parameters.
Continuous Storage Root Formation and Bulking in Sweetpotato
Authors: Bararyenya Astere , Tukamuhabwa Phinehas , Gibson Paul , Grüneberg Wolfgang , Ssali Reuben , Low Jan , Odong Thomas , Ochwo-Ssemakula Mildred , Talwana Herbert , Mwila Natasha , Mwanga Robert 
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the phenotypic variation of continuous storage root formation and bulking (CSRFAB) growth patterns underlying the development of sweetpotato genotypes for identification of potential varieties adapted to piecemeal harvesting for small scale farmers. The research was conducted between September 2016 and August 2017 in Uganda. Genotypes from two distinct sweetpotato genepool populations (Population Uganda A and Population Uganda B) comprising 130 genotypes, previously separated using 31 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. Measurements (4 harvest times with 4 plants each) were repeated on genotypes in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications in 2 locations for 2 seasons. We developed a scoring scale of 1 to 9 and used it to compare growth changes between consecutive harvests. Data analysis was done using residual or restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Data showed a non-linear growth pattern within and between locations, seasons, and genotypes for most traits. Some genotypes displayed early initiation and increase of bulking, while others showed late initiation. Broad sense heritability of CSRFAB was low due to large GxE interactions but higher in other traits probably due to high genetic influence and the effectiveness of the methodology. A high level of reproducibility (89%) was observed comparing 2016B and 2017A seasons (A and B are first and second season, respectively) at the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, Uganda. Choosing CSRFAB genotypes can more than double the sweetpotato production (average maximum yield of 13.1 t/ha for discontinuous storage root formation and bulking (DSRFAB) versus 28.6 t/ha for CSRFAB, demonstrating the importance of this underresearched component of storage root yield.
Francuskie Zjednoczenie Narodowe – stara partia w nowej odsłonie
Authors: Kosowska-Gąstoł Beata 
Published: July 2020

French National Rally – an Old Party in a New Version
The changes in the French National Front in the second decade of the 21st century are generally associated with the advent of a new leader. In 2011, the then chairman Jean Marie Le Pen was replaced by his daughter Marine Le Pen. The reforms introduced by the new chairwoman, including a new party name – National Rally – are referred to as an attempt at dédiabolisation of the party, and they were expected to increase the party’s electoral support. The purpose of the article is to answer the questions about whether the change in party leadership caused profound ideological and programmatic transformation of the grouping or simply brought about changes in the image of the party and its leader. The article also examines the methods of political communication with voters, and whether we are still dealing with a niche and anti-establishment party or due to the reoccurring changes it has become part of the political mainstream.
Dobro wspólne czy interesy?
Authors: Homa Tomasz 
Published: July 2020

The Common Good or the Interest? In Search for the Founding Stones of the Modern Society: Case Study – European Union
The philosophical reflection on the common good, as one of the primary normative principles, and in this sense also the “founding stones” of a well-structured social life, has a multifaceted, diverse range of proposed approaches and solutions and a well-documented output. Bearing in mind the centuries-long theoretical and practical importance and validity of this concept in the European thought and practice of socially and politically organized collective life, the subject of my reflections is to raise the question of the cognitive and normative importance and validity of this concept for today’s Europe in the context of the European Union project contained in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, signed on October 29, 2004 in Rome.
Optically pumped HBr master oscillator power amplifier operating in the mid-infrared region
Authors: Koen Wayne , Jacobs Cobus , Esser M. J. Daniel , Strauss Hencharl J. 
Published: July 2020

An optically end-pumped HBr master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) has been demonstrated for what we believe is the first time. It produced up to 10.3 mJ per pulse at 4.20 and 4.34 µm when pumped with a single-frequency Ho:YLF MOPA system at a pulse repetition frequency of 50 Hz. Wavelength selection with the use of an intracavity

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O

2

absorption cell was also demonstrated, forcing the oscillator to emit at 3.89, 4.13, and 4.16 µm simultaneously, with a maximum output energy of 6.5 mJ per pulse after amplification.
Microstructure, Hardness, Wear, and Magnetic Properties of (Tantalum, Niobium) Carbide-Nickel–Sintered Composites Fabricated from Blended and Coated Particles
Authors: Yehia Hossam M. , Daoush Walid M. , Abdel Mouez F. , El-Sayed Mohamed H. , El-Nikhaily Ahmed E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
(Tantalum, niobium) carbide-nickel composites were prepared by the powder metallurgy technique. Microsize (tantalum, niobium) carbide particles were reinforced in the nickel matrix. Different nickel contents were added to (tantalum, niobium) carbide powders by two different methods, namely, blending and electroless coating. The results of the microstructure show a good distribution of the (tantalum, niobium) carbide particles in the nickel matrix. The produced (tantalum, niobium) carbide-nickel composite powders were cold compacted at 400 MPa and sintered under vacuum at 1,450°C for 90 min. The density of the (tantalum, niobium) carbide-nickel–sintered materials was measured by the Archimedes method. The mechanical properties of the obtained sintered materials were evaluated by measuring the Vickers hardness and the wear rate using a pin-on-ring wear test machine. The microstructure of the sintered (tantalum, niobium) carbide-nickel as well as the microstructure of worn samples were investigated by a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that the (tantalum, niobium) carbide-nickel–sintered materials, which were prepared by the electroless nickel coating of (tantalum, niobium) carbide particles, have a homogeneous microstructure and exhibit higher relative density, hardness, and low specific wear rate than the samples of the (tantalum, niobium) carbide/nickel–sintered materials prepared by blending of nickel with the (tantalum, niobium) carbide powders. The magnetic properties of the obtained blended and coated (tantalum, niobium) carbide particles as well as the sintered one have been studied. It was observed that the saturation magnetization is increased by increasing the nickel content.
Application of Fuzzy Algorithms and Analytical Hierarchy Process Modification in Decision Support Systems for Lazis Scholarship UNNES
Authors: Permadi Dimas Bayu Satria , Alamsyah Alamsyah 
Published: July 2020

Lazis scholarship is a scholarship given to underprivileged students and does not yet have a system that supports the decisions to be taken. AHP is one of the most popular decision making methods in solving problems. But, AHP has several weaknesses. So that it will be modified based on previous research and the addition of fuzzy algorithms to get a better decision support system method. The results of this research were A009 students with the final result priority index value of 0.004176516 getting the first position. And the addition and modification in in this research is better than the standard decision support system. Fuzzy c-means produce scores that are more variable than manual grouping. Using sorting and ranking will produce a pairwise comparison matrix that is definitely consistent and has an average faster processing time is 0.028396 seconds, whereas with the standard method is 0.284415 seconds. Modification of alternative priorities also have a relatively faster average implementation time of 0.3165 seconds than the standard calculation with 2.6003 seconds. And modifications to the FPIV, if taking the top 25 ranking in the standard FPIV produces 3 the same value while in the modified FPIV there is 1 same value.
Myositis, rhabdomyolysis and severe hypercalcaemia in a body builder
Authors: Ravindran Ravikumar , Witczak Justyna , Bahl Suhani , Premawardhana Lakdasa D K E , Adlan Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

Summary
A 53-year-old man who used growth hormone (GH), anabolic steroids and testosterone (T) for over 20 years presented with severe constipation and hypercalcaemia. He had benign prostatic hyperplasia and renal stones but no significant family history. Investigations showed – (1) corrected calcium (reference range) 3.66 mmol/L (2.2–2.6), phosphate 1.39 mmol/L (0.80–1.50), and PTH 2 pmol/L (1.6–7.2); (2) urea 21.9 mmol/L (2.5–7.8), creatinine 319 mmol/L (58–110), eGFR 18 mL/min (>90), and urine analysis (protein 4+, glucose 4+, red cells 2+); (3) creatine kinase 7952 U/L (40–320), positive anti Jo-1, and Ro-52 antibodies; (4) vitamin D 46 nmol/L (30–50), vitamin D3 29 pmol/L (55–139), vitamin A 4.65 mmol/L (1.10–2.60), and normal protein electrophoresis; (5) normal CT thorax, abdomen and pelvis and MRI of muscles showed ‘inflammation’, myositis and calcification; (6) biopsy of thigh muscles showed active myositis, chronic myopathic changes and mineral deposition and of the kidneys showed positive CD3 and CD45, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and hypercalcaemic tubular changes; and (7) echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy (likely medications and myositis contributing), aortic stenosis and an ejection fraction of 44%, and MRI confirmed these with possible right coronary artery disease. Hypercalcaemia was possibly multifactorial – (1) calcium release following myositis, rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury; (2) possible primary hyperparathyroidism (a low but detectable PTH); and (3) hypervitaminosis A. He was hydrated and given pamidronate, mycophenolate and prednisolone. Following initial biochemical and clinical improvement, he had multiple subsequent admissions for hypercalcaemia and renal deterioration. He continued taking GH and T despite counselling but died suddenly of a myocardial infarction.

Learning points:

The differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia is sometimes a challenge.

Diagnosis may require multidisciplinary expertise and multiple and invasive investigations.

There may be several disparate causes for hypercalcaemia, although one usually predominates.

Maintaining ‘body image’ even with the use of harmful drugs may be an overpowering emotion despite counselling about their dangers.
The Significance of the Bernardine Fund in the Study of Historiographical Narratives on Kmicic’s Armia Krajowa Brigade
Authors: Božerocki Tomaš 
Published: July 2020

During World War II, in 1939–1944, there was a Polish armed resistance movement in Eastern Lithuania, which was called Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in the abstract. In researching the activities of Armia Krajowa (AK) in Eastern Lithuania, not only historiography is valuable, but also surviving documents and memoirs, as well as the Bernardine Fund preserved in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. So far, this Fund does not seem to receive much attention from scientists researching the activities of AK in Lithuania, as well as archives compiled by Poles residing in other countries.
Based on the concept of storage medium, the article analyzes the case of the Bernardine Fund in the context of archival research of the Polish diaspora. During the analysis of the documents kept in the Bernardine Fund, it was observed that the said Fund held significant documents that could supplement / replace the existing narrative about Kmicic’s AK partisan brigade. Kmicic’s AK partisan brigade is noteworthy, as it is the first armed AK unit to launch a consistent armed resistance, but so far there are no separate studies dedicated to the activities of this brigade.
The storage medium is the basis of memory communication that gives authenticity to the constructed memory narrative. The Bernardine Fund is a storage medium that originated in the past and reached the present unchanged / slightly changed, and that contains a certain memory narrative about AK. The Bernardine Fund and the documents contained in it are valuable storage media that can help reveal the situation of the residents of Eastern Lithuania during World War II and shed new light on the military activities of AK. In the context of research and preservation of the written heritage of the Polish diaspora, this medium has not yet received the attention of scientists, although the example of the Kmicic’s AK brigade proved that this Fund contains documents that reveal hitherto unknown aspects of AK activities.
A fact turns into an event only when certain groups draw their attention to it, when they give meaning to it and start talking and writing about it, and it begins to be remembered. All significant events are just someone’s creations, created just to justify the present in a way that is convenient for the collective, the political elite, or the heads of state. The case of Kmicic’s brigade has proven that no fact is completely lost. If a fact is not currently updated and used, it does not mean that it will be the case all the time. The documents kept in the Fund reflect that during the formation of the historiographical narrative, the collective memory of the said brigade, part of the events was deliberately omitted in order to give integrity to the narrative being formed.
CONCEPT DESIGNING OF VIDEO PROFILE FASHION PROGRAM UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG
Authors: Aini Nurul 
Published: July 2020

This study aims to describe the concept of designing a profile video for the Fashion Program through the initial stages of the creation method, namely the pre-production stage or about how it is planned. Video profiles are very effective media that are used to promote a particular area, product, and promote a particular company. In this case the profile video that will be made is the profile video of the Fashion Program at Universitas Negeri Malang. This research was conducted because the Fashion Program did not yet have a profile or company profile video that was indispensable for Program to promotion and information facilities. Pre-production stages that are often done in pre-production include 3 things, namely synopsis, script and storyboard. Later in this article, we will discuss in detail how the three stages of the process are created.
THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF HEADMASTER IN EFFORTS TO INCREASE SELF AWARENESS OF SCHOOL RESIDENTS OF THE IMPORTANCE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Sholekah Friska Fitriani , Mahmudah Fitri Nur 
Published: July 2020

The research aims to discuss(1) How planned of the headmaster in an effort to increase self-awareness of school residents regarding the importance of the environment, 2) How to implement planned programs related to efforts to increase self-awareness of school residents, and 3) identify supporting factors in implementation of the program carried out as an effort to increase self-awareness of school residents. The method of research used qualitative method. Subjects of this research consisted of headmaster, subject teachers, and students. Subjects of research is based on determining purposive random sampling technique. Collecting of data is through interviews, observation and documentation. The analyzing of data using the Miles Huberman analysis model with the several stages are collecting of data, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results show that there an increased in self-awareness of school residents about the environment after several programs had been carried out. The vision, mission and regulation of the school are being the one of programs that succeeded in increase awareness of school residents. The implementation program by applying clean fridays, installing CCTVs and coaching by the headmaster and teachers to the students directly. The supporting factors in implementation of efforts to increase self-awareness of school residents to the environment are the commitment, awareness and desire of school residents to embody the programs that have been implemented. The strategy of headmaster is always monitor the activities of school residents through the CCTVs that have been installed and spot checking directly to be more effective and the results showed increased self-awareness of school residents for enviroment has occurred since last semester.
Developments in surgical fluid therapy rates in veterinary medicine
Authors: Naden Kristina 
Published: July 2020

PICO question
Is there sufficient evidence to show surgical fluid therapy delivered at the recommended 3 mL/kg/hour for cats and 5 mL/kg/hour for dogs leads to a better outcome compared with widely accepted rates of 10 mL/kg/hour for both cats and dogs?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Five studies were appraised. Two of these were opinion pieces, with one non-comparative prospective study, one randomised controlled trial, and one case control study.
Strength of evidence
Weak
Outcomes reported
Currently there is limited evidence to show that the surgical fluid therapy recommendations made by the 2013 Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association guidelines (Davis et al., 2013) for cats and dogs lead to a better outcome than accepted fluid therapy rates used. Fluid overload in humans can cause long-term adverse effects, however the same effects have yet to be shown specifically in veterinary patients
Conclusion
No evidence was found that provides strong, conclusive evidence that the 2013 recommendations by the American Animal Hospital Association and American Association of Feline Practitioners leads to a better outcome for both cats and dogs. The resulting research outlined below identifies a need to conduct clinical studies on the effects of fluid therapy on cats and dogs, and identify clear monitoring protocols to minimise and ideally avoid, fluid overload. When adequate, valid clinical studies have been carried out, this will provide sufficient information for the development of evidence-based recommended rates of fluid therapy for veterinary medicine, in a range of contexts

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision-making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.