bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaders or organisations?
Authors: Nazarian Alireza , Atkinson Peter , Foroudi Pantea , Edirisinghe Dilini 
Published: April 2020

PurposeManagers of independent hotels need to maximise organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among employees to gain sufficient competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive environment, so it is important to understand what affects it. To achieve this, the purpose of this paper is to test if servant leadership, OCB and other related constructs have the same relationships between them in two contrasting parts of the world.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were gathered from managers of independent hotels in Spain (451) and Iran (429). Spain was selected because it is a developed country that is a leading destination for tourists. Iran was chosen as a contrast, as it is a developing country with a growing tourist industry.FindingsThe findings show that Spain and Iran demonstrate different patterns of relationships in the selected variables, suggesting that Iranians trust their leaders more than the organisational systems, whereas the Spanish trust organisational systems more than their leaders. These results are consistent with Spanish culture having higher individualism than Iranian culture. They are also consistent with Iranian culture prioritising traditional values, such as personal loyalty to managers, and Spanish culture prioritising modern values, such as impersonal rules and objective processes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests that leadership and justice affect OCB in different ways where modern values prevail compared to where traditional values prevail. It suggests that managers of independent hotels in Iran should follow the example of Spanish hotel managers by adopting more objective and fair procedures while showing that inward investors and expatriate managers in Iran should be aware of the importance of personal leadership style. Further research is needed in different countries and regions to improve the generalisability of our findings.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on the application of the servant leadership construct, which was developed in the West, to other regional contexts. It also adds to the literature of independent hotels, which is an important yet under-researched part of the hospitality industry.
Otherness as a form of intersubjective social exclusion
Authors: Romero-Rodriguez Luis M. , Civila Sabina , Aguaded Ignacio 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aims to review the theory based on «otherness» as a form of social exclusion and symbolic violence from the constructions of realities of the media, with particular emphasis on the ethics and aesthetics of language and its role in materializing identity differences.Design/methodology/approachA search for specific criteria andbooleanalgorithms is carried out in Web of Science and Scopus on «otherness» [AND] «social exclusion», to then submit the emerging results to a co-occurrence matrix by citations with VOSViewer v. 1.6.13. From the relation tree of the most cited documents [min = 7] of the downloaded articles, a critical/analytical reading is made.Findings«Otherness» is reviewed to a greater extent from a Western perspective, and more specifically, from a Eurocentric one. This implies that the study of «otherness» is not sufficiently analyzed by Asian or African authors, who are excluded from the analysis. In this sense, «otherness» is understood as a theoretical construct and as any symbolic construction of the other (phenotypically, but also in ideology, values and customs), but which carries a load of stereotypes that can become polarization, demonization, ergo and violence.Originality/valueRevisiting «otherness» as an informative construct becomes imperative in light of the emergence of extremist groups and xenophobic parties, as well as separatist policies such as Brexit or the Catalan split in Spain. Few articles contribute to elaborating a complete conceptual construct on «otherness» as an epistemological category of communication and information, so this research effort attempts to compile its theoretical discussion.
Vitiligo expansion and extent correlate with durable response in anti‐programmed death 1 antibody treatment for advanced melanoma: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Matsuya Taisuke , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Matsushita Shigeto , Tanaka Ryota , Teramoto Yukiko , Asami Yuri , Uehara Jiro , Aoki Megumi , Yamamura Kentaro , Nakamura Yoshiyuki , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Livingstone Elisabeth , Zimmer Lisa , Schadendorf Dirk , Kagamu Hiroshi , Fujimoto Manabu , Honma Masaru , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi , Araki Ryuichiro , Yamamoto Akifumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVitiligo is an autoimmune disorder resulting from the destruction of melanocytes. Several reports indicate the association between vitiligo and treatment response in advanced melanoma during immunotherapy. It has not been investigated, however, if an increase of vitiligo while on treatment with anti‐programmed death 1 (PD‐1) antibodies is associated with more durable responses. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the vitiligo dynamics and clinical efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 antibodies. This study included advanced melanoma patients who were treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab and developed vitiligo thereafter. Correlation between vitiligo expansion (defined as an increase of lesion size at two separate time points at least 4 weeks apart) as well as vitiligo extent (body surface area [BSA] affected) and clinical efficacy based on response rate, progression‐free survival and overall survival was assessed. We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients. The median time from the initiation of anti‐PD‐1 antibody to vitiligo onset was 4.3 months in patients who showed a response and 5.5 months in patients who showed no response (P = 0.31). Twelve patients showed vitiligo expansion, and in nine of these patients, vitiligo increased to grade 2 (covering ≥ 10% BSA). Vitiligo expansion and grade 2 vitiligo showed no improvement in treatment response (P = 0.59 and 0.25) but were associated with prolonged progression‐free survival (P = 0.019 and 0.04). Grade 2 vitiligo also showed a trend for prolonged overall survival (P = 0.07). Trend of expansion and larger vitiligo extent may be predictive factors of prolonged survival during anti‐PD‐1 antibody in melanoma patients.
‘They don't know themselves, so how can they tell us?’: parents navigating uncertainty at the frontiers of neonatal surgery
Authors: Hinton Lisa , Armstrong Natalie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhen a baby is diagnosed with a condition needing surgery they, and their family, start down an uncertain and unknown path. Living with uncertainty underpins every stage of the journey from hospital to home. These journeys span the highly technical to the mundane. They are likely to involve, at crucial points, medicalised and specialised neonatal and surgical care in paediatric centres of excellence where parents are mere spectators. Yet ultimately parents are able to take their baby home, confident experts in their daily care. Drawing on narrative interviews with 42 UK parents whose baby underwent neonatal surgery, this paper explores how parents navigate this uncertainty through acquiring experiential and lay knowledge and developing expertise in their baby's condition and treatment options. These conditions are rare. Building on sociological understandings of the work of chronic illness, as well as more recent work on newborn screening, sharing information online and examinations of experiential knowledge, we explore lay knowledge and expertise as it intersects with biomedical and surgical frontiers. We demonstrate how the development of expertise is an emergent, three‐stage process supported by both biomedical and lay knowledge and elucidate this process of knowledge‐building as a scaffold through which to manage uncertainty.
Simulation with RADinitio improves RADseq experimental design and sheds light on sources of missing data
Authors: Rivera‐Colón Angel G. , Rochette Nicolas C. , Catchen Julian M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRestriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) has become a powerful and versatile tool in modern population genomics, enabling large‐scale evolutionary and genomic analyses in otherwise inaccessible biological systems. With its widespread use, different variants on the protocol have been developed to suit specific experimental needs. Researchers face the challenge of choosing the optimal molecular and sequencing protocols for their reduced representation experimental design, an often‐complicated process. Strategic errors can lead to biased data generation that has reduced power to answer biological questions. Here, we present RADinitio, simulation software for the selection and optimization of RADseq experiments via the generation of sequencing data that behave similarly to empirical sources. RADinitio provides an evolutionary simulation of populations, implementation of various RADseq protocols with customizable parameters, and thorough assessment of missing data. We test the efficacy of the software using different RAD protocols across several organisms, highlighting the importance of protocol selection on the magnitude and quality of data acquired. Additionally, we test the effects of RAD library preparation and sequencing on allelic dropout, observing that library preparation and sequencing often contributes more to missing alleles than population‐level variation.
A new microdialysis probe for continuous lactate measurement during fetal monitoring: Proof of concept in an animal model
Authors: Tigchelaar Froukje , Groen Henk , Westgren Magnus , Huinink Kirsten D. , Cremers Thomas , van den Berg Paul P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionCardiotocography (CTG) is currently the most commonly used method for intrapartum fetal monitoring during labor. However, a high false‐positive rate of fetal acidosis indicated by CTG leads to an increase in obstetric interventions. We developed a microdialysis probe that is integrated into a fetal scalp electrode allowing continuous measurement of lactate subcutaneously, thus giving instant information about the oxygenation status of the fetus. Our aim was to establish proof of concept in an animal model using a microdialysis probe to monitor lactate subcutaneously.Material and methodsWe performed an in vivo study in adult male wild‐type Wistar rats. We modified electrodes used for CTG monitoring in human fetuses to incorporate a microdialysis membrane. Optimum flow rates for microdialysis were determined in vitro. For the in vivo experiment, a microdialysis probe was inserted into the skin on the back of the animal. De‐oxygenation and acidosis were induced by lowering the inspiratory oxygen pressure. Oxygenation and heart rate were monitored. A jugular vein cannula was inserted to draw blood samples for analysis of lactate, pH, pco2, and saturation. Lactate levels in dialysate were compared with plasma lactate levels.ResultsBaseline blood lactate levels were around 1 mmol/L. Upon de‐oxygenation, oxygen saturation fell to below 40% for 1 h and blood lactate levels increased 2.5‐fold. Correlation of dialysate lactate levels with plasma lactate levels was 0.89 resulting in an R2 of .78 in the corresponding linear regression.ConclusionsIn this animal model, lactate levels in subcutaneous fluid collected by microdialysis closely reflected blood lactate levels upon transient de‐oxygenation, indicating that our device is suitable for subcutaneous measurement of lactate. Microdialysis probe technology allows the measurement of multiple compounds in the dialysate, such as glucose, albumin, or inflammatory mediators, so this technique may offer the unique possibility to shed light on fetal physiology during the intrapartum period.
Late Quaternary glacier and sea‐ice history of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Allaart Lis , Müller Juliane , Schomacker Anders , Rydningen Tom A. , Håkansson Lena , Kjellman Sofia E. , Mollenhauer Gesine , Forwick Matthias 
Published: April 2020

The deglaciation history and Holocene environmental evolution of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard, are reconstructed using sediment cores and acoustic data (multibeam swath bathymetry and sub‐bottom profiler data). Results reveal that the fjord mouth was deglaciated prior to 14.5±0.3 cal. ka BP and deglaciation occurred stepwise. Biomarker analyses show rapid variations in water temperature and sea ice cover during the deglaciation, and cold conditions during the Younger Dryas, followed by minimum sea ice cover throughout the Early Holocene, until c. 7 cal. ka BP. Most of the glaciers in Wijdefjorden had retreated onto land by c. 7.6±0.2 cal. ka BP. Subsequently, the sea‐ice extent increased and remained high throughout the last part of the Holocene. We interpret a high Late Holocene sediment accumulation rate in the northernmost core to reflect increased sediment flux to the site from the outlet of the adjacent lake Femmilsjøen, related to glacier growth in the Femmilsjøen catchment area. Furthermore, increased sea ice cover, lower water temperatures and the re‐occurrence of ice‐rafted debris indicate increased local glacier activity and overall cooler conditions in Wijdefjorden after c. 0.5 cal. ka BP. We summarize our findings in a conceptual model for the depositional environment in northern Wijdefjorden from the Late Weichselian until present.
Power dynamics and new directions in the recent evolution of CBNRM in Botswana
Authors: Cassidy Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, the limited control of Botswana's community conservation organizations, or trusts, over resources has been further eroded. Community trusts now exist solely to disburse funds allocated by central government. The absence of any rights to control access to or use of their resources suggests the complete collapse of Botswana's original community‐based natural resources management (CBNRM) model. This collapse could facilitate fresh approaches that return to the original intentions currently lost behind the CBNRM acronym. Access and control can be more clearly framed through broader environmental stewardship frameworks that include moving below the homogenized community identity to specific resource user groups; broadening the conservation focus beyond monetized wildlife to include other resources and ecosystem processes; and establishing formal conservation agreements separately for specific resources, with the trust coordinating adherence to the rights and responsibilities held by individual users on the one hand, and government or public agencies on the other.
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma mimicking metastatic melanoma in a liver tumor
Authors: Ronen Shira , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is well known to pathologists that melanoma is “the great mimicker,” looking like almost any other tumor, and able to metastasize anywhere in the body. We report a case of a 48‐year‐old female with a history of metastatic melanoma 4 years before, who presented with a hepatic mass. Microscopic examination of the liver mass revealed sheets of pleomorphic, epithelioid cells, which expressed a pan‐melanocytic cocktail (MART1, HMB45, and tyrosinase). These findings were initially interpreted as metastatic melanoma and the case was transferred for dermatopathology consultation. We compared the morphology of this tumor to the primary melanoma and noticed that the primary melanoma showed nevoid cytology, morphologically distinct from the liver lesion. Consequently, we performed additional immunohistochemical studies, which determined that the liver mass was negative for S100 and SOX10, and established a final diagnosis of epithelioid angiomyolipoma. The key for reaching the correct diagnosis was the morphologic comparison with the original lesion and the evaluation of a wider immunohistochemical profile. For appropriate management in patients with new lesions, even in the context of a patient with known metastatic disease, it is essential to consider other neoplasms in the differential diagnosis.
Does low‐pay persist across different regimes? Evidence from German Unification
Authors: Gürtzgen Nicole , Diegmann (né Nolte) André 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing German administrative data, we study across‐regime low‐pay persistence in the context of an economic transformation process. We first show that individuals' initial allocation to the post‐unification low‐wage sector was close to random in terms of market‐regime unobservables. Consistent with a weak connection between individuals' true productivity and their pre‐unification low‐wage status, the extent of across‐regime state dependence is found to be small and appears to vanish over time. For males, across‐regime state dependence is most pronounced among the medium‐ and high‐skilled, suggesting the depreciation of human capital as an explanation.
Are children an incentive or a disincentive for migration? Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cuong , Tran Anh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes the influence of children on household migration decisions using data on current internal movement in Vietnam a country that has experienced significant rural–urban migration in the recent years. Families with children usually have three migration choices: move together, stay together or send only one parent to work afar. Using an instrumental variable approach, we show that having an additional child reduces the probability of household migration by 0.0115, while it increases the likelihood of fathers’ migration by 0.0121. These effects suggest that households with more children may be less mobile but may have a greater economic need for migration.
Clinical importance of neuregulin‐4 and its receptor ErbB4 in periodontal disease pathogenesis
Authors: Meraci Bilge , Gunpinar Sadiye , Dundar Niyazi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the levels of Neuregulin‐4 (Nrg4), Erb‐b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐2, and arginase (Arg)‐1 in periodontal health and disease.Materials and MethodsThis study includes systemically healthy 20 periodontally healthy (H), 20 gingivitis (G), 20 stage II periodontitis (P1), and 20 stage III periodontitis (P2) subjects. Periodontal clinical measurements and samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks after non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine ErbB4, Nrg4, IL‐6, IL‐10, NOS2, and Arg1 levels in all samples.ResultsGCF ErbB4 and Nrg4 total amounts and IL‐6/IL‐10 ratio were significantly higher in G, P1, and P2 groups than H group. Serum NOS2 levels were significantly lower, whereas serum Arg1 levels were higher in H group than the others. The GCF levels of ErbB4 and Nrg4 were significantly decreased after NSPT in G, P1, and P2 groups. Additionally, the GCF levels of ErbB4 and Nrg4 were positively correlated with all clinical parameters and IL‐6/IL‐10 ratio.ConclusionsNrg4 and its receptor ErbB4 might have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. These results should be verified with future prospective studies to further clarify the exact role of those biomarkers.
Impact of maternal depressive symptoms on the development of infant temperament: Cascading effects during the first year of life
Authors: Rigato Silvia , Stets Manuela , Bonneville‐Roussy Arielle , Holmboe Karla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaternal depression is associated with a range of child development outcomes, including difficult temperament. This longitudinal study investigated whether depressive symptoms (DS) that mothers experience after childbirth predict infant negative affect (NA), as well as potential effects of infant NA on maternal DS, across the first year of life. In the study (N = 63), questionnaires (the Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition, and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire–Revised Very Short Form) were administered at 2 weeks, 4, 6, and 9 months after birth. Using path analysis, we tested five different models that could explain the relationship between maternal DS and infant NA. The best‐fitting model showed that the days immediately following childbirth represent an important time for the development of infant temperament as maternal mood significantly predicts infant NA for at least 4 months after birth. This does not constitute a single sensitive period; a new predictive effect emerges around 4 months of age, suggesting cascading influences of maternal DS across the first 6 months of life. These results suggest a need for support, should a mother experience DS, not only immediately after birth, but also throughout the early stages of parenting.
Knowing What You Don't Know: The Role of Information and Sophistication in Ballot Completion
Authors: Lamb Matt , Perry Steven 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveWe seek to examine how individual factors such as information and political sophistication can affect the likelihood of a voter completing his or her ballot.MethodsThrough the use of an original experiment, we examine the individual‐level effects of information and political sophistication on ballot completion.ResultsWe find that having less information about the candidates on a ballot results in lower levels of ballot completion. On average, voters complete 19 percent less of their ballot when they possess low levels of information about the candidates involved. Moreover, there are significant differences in how political sophisticates and nonsophisticates respond to deficiencies in candidate information.ConclusionEven though voters are likely to be hesitant to make a decision for a ballot contest when they are lacking in information, political sophisticates are more comfortable making a voting choice than nonsophisticates, even when they are operating under the exact same information constraints.
A Study on Defect Tomographic Imaging in Pressure Vessel With Liquid Medium
Authors: Hu Gangyi , Chen Chaofeng , Zhou Shaoping , Zhai Shuangmiao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pressure vessels are widely utilized in many areas of industrial production and daily life for medium storage, which causes performance degradation in pressure vessels, such as crack and corrosion, and lead to serious safety and financial consequences. Reconstruction Algorithm for the Probabilistic Inspection of Damage (RAPID) is a kind of guided wave-based tomography method which is suitable to evaluate structure integrity of pressure vessels. In this article, the effect of liquid level on guided wave propagation and imaging results of RAPID algorithm is investigated, and an optimal baseline matching method based on amplitude variance is proposed to improve the imaging accuracy of RAPID algorithm with liquid-contained condition. The attenuation effect of liquid on guided wave amplitude is investigated. The damage signals are matched with baseline signals recorded at different liquid levels, and the effect of liquid on RAPID algorithm is discussed based on the results. The experiment of image reconstruction for pressure vessel using the optimal baseline matching method based RAPID algorithm is conducted as well. The experimental results show that the optimal baseline matching method can effectively select the best baseline signal, and the reconstructed images can accurately locate the defects on pressure vessels with considering the change of liquid level.