bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 21.6–30.3 GHz injection‐locked frequency tripler with Darlington injection for 5G communication systems
Authors: Li Zhen , Li Zhenrong , Quan Xing , Wang Zeyuan , Zhuang Yiqi 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis paper proposes an injection locked frequency tripler which can cover 27 GHz frequency band of the fifth generation communication. By adopting the Darlington cell as injectors, the injection current is improved greatly and thus obtains a wide locking range. In addition, an inductive peaking technique is proposed to enhance the fundamental rejection and further improve the locking range. Implemented in 0.13 μm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the post‐layout simulation in collaboration with electromagnetic simulation is used to validate the proposed injection locked frequency tripler. The Precess Voltage Temperature (PVT) and Monte Carlo analysis are also performed to check the robustness of the circuit. At 0 dBm injection power, the injection locked frequency triple displays a 33.5% locking range and larger than 27 dB fundamental rejection, while consumes 8.3 mW from 1.2 V supply voltage. The core area is 0.56 × 0.23 mm2.
Length difference of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes generates differential cytotoxic responses
Authors: Do Nhuan Thi , Kim Suho , Kwak Minjeong , Lee Tae Geol , Jo Dong‐Gyu , Lee Sang‐Won , Kim Se‐Hwa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotubes have recently been rated as an effective biomaterial owing to their functionalization ability. However, the safety of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has yet to be clearly understood. To investigate how cells differentially react to minor geometric differences, we prepared well‐dispersed and stable long and short MWCNTs showing an approximately 100‐nm length difference in an in vitro system. Through an optimal combination of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) biosurfactants and ultrasonication, we first confirmed that the MWCNTs were maintained without aggregation throughout the experiments. Internalized MWCNTs in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were then quantified in a label‐free manner using coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering, followed by an analysis of their localization via two‐photon excitation fluorescence. Intracellular MWCNTs were found to primarily localize in mitochondria with abnormal morphologies. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which was found to result from early stages of oxidative stress that consequently lead to cell death, was then proved via decreasing mitochondrial membrane potentials, with short MWCNTs showing significantly greater cytotoxicity than long MWCNTs. Our results suggest that even small length differences of MWCNTs may lead to differential responses in cells.
Comparative study on effects of adding germinated and non‐germinated legumes on bioactive components, antioxidant, textural and sensory characteristics of cereal flakes
Authors: Sattar Dur‐e‐shahwar , Fauqiha Ayesha tul , Mohamed Mwanasiti , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Hasnain Abid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to prepare healthy breakfast cereal flakes through addition of selected germinated legumes, namely, lentils (Lens culinaris), green gram (Vigna radiata), and black gram (Vigna mungo). Flakes containing germinated legumes were compared in terms of bioactive compounds, texture, moisture content, and sensory properties with flakes made with non‐germinated legumes. It was observed that flakes made with germinated legumes were higher in polyphenols, flavonoids, flavonols, and antioxidant activity with a crispier and more desirable texture. Moreover, shelf life was evaluated on the basis of moisture content and sensory characteristics for 90 days. The best flakes in terms of storage were the ones containing germinated legumes as these were low in moisture content even after 90 days of storage, which is essential for extending the shelf life of the product. These germinated legume containing cereal flakes also received higher scores in terms of sensory characteristics. Incorporation of legumes can thus provide a cheap and healthy snack for people of all ages.
Monitoring apoptosis in intact cells by high‐resolution magic angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Wylot Marta , Whittaker David T.E. , Wren Stephen A.C. , Bothwell John H. , Hughes Leslie , Griffin Julian L. 
Published: January 2021

Apoptosis maintains an equilibrium between cell proliferation and cell death. Many diseases, including cancer, develop because of defects in apoptosis. A known metabolic marker of apoptosis is a notable increase in 1H NMR‐observable resonances associated with lipids stored in lipid droplets. However, standard one‐dimensional NMR experiments allow the quantification of lipid concentration only, without providing information about physical characteristics such as the size of lipid droplets, viscosity of the cytosol, or cytoskeletal rigidity. This additional information can improve monitoring of apoptosis‐based cancer treatments in intact cells and provide us with mechanistic insight into why these changes occur.In this paper, we use high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy to monitor lipid concentrations and apparent diffusion coefficients of mobile lipid in intact cells treated with the apoptotic agents cisplatin or etoposide. We also use solution‐state NMR spectroscopy to study changes in lipid profiles of organic solvent cell extracts. Both NMR techniques show an increase in the concentration of lipids but the relative changes are 10 times larger by HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the apparent diffusion rates of lipids in apoptotic cells measured by HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy decrease significantly as compared with control cells. Slower diffusion rates of mobile lipids in apoptotic cells correlate well with the formation of larger lipid droplets as observed by microscopy. We also compared the mean lipid droplet displacement values calculated from the two methods. Both methods showed shorter displacements of lipid droplets in apoptotic cells. Our results demonstrate that the NMR‐based diffusion experiments on intact cells discriminate between control and apoptotic cells. Apparent diffusion measurements in conjunction with 1H NMR spectroscopy‐derived lipid signals provide a novel means of following apoptosis in intact cells. This method could have potential application in enhancing drug discovery by monitoring drug treatments in vitro, particularly for agents that cause portioning of lipids such as apoptosis.
A posttensioned rocking infill wall–frame system for multistory precast concrete buildings
Authors: Naserpour Afshin , Fathi Mojtaba 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBy proposing a multiple rocking infill wall–frame (MRWF) system, this paper investigates the effects of wall–frame interaction on the seismic response of self‐centering walls. In the MRWF system, infill walls are connected to the adjacent beams through posttensioned tendons, which provide the self‐centering ability, and the energy dissipation capacity of the system is enhanced using O‐shaped steel dampers. The seismic behavior of the MRWF system, with various wall configurations, is evaluated alongside conventional shear wall and typical rocking wall systems at three height levels of two, four, and six stories. After developing the numerical models, the cyclic and time history analyses are carried out. The results of cyclic analysis show that the energy dissipation capacity of MRWF models is much higher than that of typical rocking wall models. Furthermore, for the MRWF models, by increasing the number of walls with a smaller width, the effect of wall–frame interaction is mitigated, resulting in minimal damage to the structural members and self‐centering ability of more than 90%. The time history analysis results illustrate that for the MRWF models, the residual drifts and plastic rotation at the beams are significantly reduced by applying the proper structural layout of the multiple rocking walls, especially for six‐story models.
Corpora in Text-Based Russian Studies
Authors: Kopotev Mikhail , Mustajoki Arto , Bonch-Osmolovskaya Anastasia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter opens with a discussion about what a corpus is and proceeds with an introduction of the main types of textual resources: the Web as a corpus, electronic libraries, and linguistic corpora. Among the last-mentioned, two are of particular interest. The first is the Russian National Corpus, a deeply annotated and well-designed Russian-language resource ranging from early Old Russian chronicles up to modern internet communication. The second is Integrum, the largest resource by some margin, which covers most of the newspapers and journals published both abroad and domestically, as well as a significant amount of TV, radio, and internet media. The chapter includes two case studies that demonstrate how word choice reflects shared memory patterns and how changes in language usage reflect political and social mutations.
Social Media-based Research of Interpersonal and Group Communication in Russia
Authors: Koltsova Olessia , Porshnev Alexander , Sinyavskaya Yadviga 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRapidly proliferating social media not only serve as a new channel of human communication but also open up research opportunities to ask a wider set of questions about political, sociological and psychological factors that influence interpersonal and group online communication, development and maintenance of personal networks and the growth or decline of social capital. In this chapter we discuss the research opportunities provided by new survey, observational and experimental data that may be obtained from a social networking site. For doing so, we refer to Russian-language social networking sites (SNS) or SNS segments, notably VKontakte as the most popular SNS in Russia. We demonstrate how the aforementioned types of data may or have already been used to address research tasks from a number of disciplines.
The Digitalization of Russian Politics and Political Participation
Authors: Wijermars Mariëlle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe chapter discusses the impact of digitalization and the rise of online and social media on Russian politics and political participation. It departs from the question whether the introduction of digital technologies has resulted in the transformation of Russian politics in ways that go beyond the mere replication of political practices in digital form. Placing its analysis in the context of Open Government thinking, the chapter examines four areas: first, it discusses changes in political communication; second, it examines the impact of online communications on political campaigning; third, the chapter reflects on changes in the voting process; and, finally, it critically examines digital tools for political participation (so-called civic technologies) and civic engagement.
Social Network Analysis in Russian Literary Studies
Authors: Fischer Frank , Skorinkin Daniil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNetwork analysis as a method has applications in a wide range of fields from physics to epidemiology and from sociology to political science, and in the meantime has also reached the literary studies. Networks can be leveraged to examine intertextual relations or even artistic influences, but the main application so far has been the analysis of social formations and character interactions within fictional worlds. To make this possible, texts have to be formalized into a set of nodes and edges, where nodes represent characters and edges describe the relations between these characters in a very simple fashion: Do they or don’t they interact? Based on a selection of Russian plays and Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace, we will describe approaches to the social network analysis of literary texts.
The State of the Art: Surveying Digital Russian Art History
Authors: Kangas Reeta E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the growing interest in digital humanities, the methodology of digital art history is in some respects lagging behind the trend. Given the prospects of the new digital image analysis, computer vision, and visualization methods, a number of questions have arisen as to how exactly the new digital methods can and should be applied to art history. Furthermore, when trying to apply these digital methods to the analysis of Russian art, one encounters a whole new set of questions and challenges. In this chapter, I examine current and potential applications of digital methods to the analysis of Soviet political cartoons published in Pravda during the “Great Patriotic War,” 1941–1945, as well as the study of Russian art history more generally. I especially examine how the combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of political cartoons enables a deeper understanding that illustrates cultural, historical, and political developments over time.
Exothermic dark matter for XENON1T excess
Authors: Lee Hyun Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the recent excess in the electron recoil from XENON1T experiment, we consider the possibility of exothermic dark matter, which is composed of two states with mass splitting. The heavier state down-scatters off the electron into the lighter state, making an appropriate recoil energy required for the Xenon excess even for the standard Maxwellian velocity distribution of dark matter. Accordingly, we determine the mass difference between two component states of dark matter to the peak electron recoil energy at about 2.5 keV up to the detector resolution, accounting for the recoil events over ER = 2 − 3 keV, which are most significant. We include the effects of the phase-space enhancement and the atomic excitation factor to calculate the required scattering cross section for the Xenon excess. We discuss the implications of dark matter interactions in the effective theory for exothermic dark matter and a massive Z′ mediator and provide microscopic models realizing the required dark matter and electron couplings to Z′.
Transfer partizipativer Forschungsergebnisse in die Praxis: Das Beratungsinstrument Standortanalyse in der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Wihofszky Petra , Hofrichter Petra , Layh Sandra , Jahnke Mareen 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Hamburg wird der Auf- und Ausbau von integrierten kommunalen Gesundheitsstrategien in Sozialräumen gefördert. Für die Beratung entwickelten wir, die Forschungsgemeinschaft des Projekts „Kommunale Entwicklung von Gesundheitsstrategien“, in einem partizipativen Prozess das Instrument „Standortanalyse“. Die Konzeption gründet auf Ergebnissen des Projekts und orientiert sich am Modell „Community Readiness“. Die Standortanalyse dient der Einschätzung eines Sozialraums und richtet sich an Fachkräfte. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt, wie ein Transfer in die Praxis gelingen kann. Hierzu werden Ergebnisse der Erprobungsphase der Standortanalyse, die wir von 2019 bis 2020 in 4 Stadtteilen Hamburgs evaluativ begleiteten, vorgestellt.Die Standortanalyse umfasst ein Tableau, Themenfelder und Fragekarten sowie ein Arbeitsheft. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Analyse der Themenfelder. Gegenstand unserer qualitativen Evaluation waren die Akzeptanz der Beratungen, die Passung und Handhabung des Instruments sowie mögliche Weiterentwicklungsbedarfe.Die Ergebnisse gliedern sich in Beratungsvorgehen, Beratungskontext und Wirkungen. Zentrale Erkenntnisse sind: Das Instrument fördert die Vernetzung von Fachkräften, trägt zur Strukturierung und Transparenz in der Entwicklung von integrierten kommunalen Strategien in Sozialräumen bei, schließt Wissenslücken und unterstützt das Handling der Prozesse. Für die Praxis ist eine externe Prozessbegleitung bedeutsam. Neben der Verfügbarkeit eines Instruments ist es künftig wichtig, in die Qualifikation von Beratenden sowie in digitale Angebote zu investieren.
Salinity effects on cultured Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) from high latitudes: new paleoenvironmental insights
Authors: Bertlich Jacqueline , Gussone Nikolaus , Berndt Jasper , Arlinghaus Heinrich F. , Dieckmann Gerhard S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study presents culture experiments of the cold water species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and provides new insights into the incorporation of elements in foraminiferal calcite of common and newly established proxies for paleoenvironmental applications (shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Na/Ca). Specimens were collected from sea ice during the austral winter in the Antarctic Weddell Sea and subsequently cultured at different salinities and a constant temperature. Incorporation of the fluorescent dye calcein showed new chamber formation in the culture at salinities of 30, 31, and 69. Cultured foraminifers at salinities of 46 to 83 only revealed chamber wall thickening, indicated by the fluorescence of the whole shell. Signs of reproduction and the associated gametogenic calcite were not observed in any of the culture experiments. Trace element analyses were performed using an electron microprobe, which revealed increased shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca values at higher salinities, with Mg/Ca showing the lowest sensitivity to salinity changes. This study enhances the knowledge about unusually high element concentrations in foraminifera shells from high latitudes. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma appears to be able to calcify in the Antarctic sea ice within brine channels, which have low temperatures and exceptionally high salinities due to ongoing sea ice formation.
Effectiveness of Chin Tuck on Laryngeal Penetration: Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Ko Joo Young , Shin Dae Youp , Kim Tae Uk , Kim Seo Young , Hyun Jung Keun , Lee Seong Jae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of the chin tuck maneuver is still controversial, despite being widely used in clinical practice. The chin tuck maneuver has been shown to be able to reduce or eliminate aspiration in a group of patients with a number of favorable conditions, but its effectiveness in preventing or managing penetration remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate whether the chin tuck maneuver is effective in reducing penetration. Images from a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) taken from 76 patients with penetration were collected and reviewed retrospectively. The severity of penetration was assessed by the penetration ratio (ratio of the penetration depth to the length of the epiglottis) measured and calculated from the images in which the deepest penetration was observed. The penetration ratio was significantly decreased in the chin tuck posture compared with the ratio in the neutral position (p = 0.001). Significant reducing effect was observed in 26 (34.2%) out of 76 patients. When comparing other parameters of VFSS, residues in the vallecular and pyriformis sinuses were less severe in the effective group. Chin tuck significantly decreased residues in both effective and ineffective group. The results demonstrate that the chin tuck maneuver can reduce penetration, but its effectiveness is limited.
Prediction of Peak Shear Strength of Natural, Unfilled Rock Joints Accounting for Matedness Based on Measured Aperture
Authors: Ríos-Bayona Francisco , Johansson Fredrik , Mas-Ivars Diego 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mechanical behaviour of natural, unfilled rock joints is influenced by the interaction between surface roughness and matedness of the contact surfaces. In the field, natural rock joints normally exhibit a mismatch between the contact surfaces, mainly due to different geological processes such as weathering or deformations. Various attempts have been made to estimate how matedness of rock joints influences their peak shear strength. However, the proposed methodologies imply certain difficulties since they are intended to estimate the matedness of rock joints based mainly on visual inspection, and by relating an initial shear displacement to the length of the analysed sample or by relating the opening of saw-tooth and two-dimensional joint profiles with the degree of interlocking. Therefore, a tested peak shear strength criterion for natural, unfilled rock joints that realistically accounts for the influence of matedness on their peak shear strength is still lacking. This paper presents a methodology where objective measurements of the average aperture of natural, unfilled rock joints are used to estimate their matedness as a step in the prediction of the peak shear strength. This measured average aperture is based on high-resolution optical scanning of the surface roughness. The proposed relationship between measured average aperture and matedness of natural rock joints has been included in a further developed peak shear strength criterion. The verification against ten natural rock joint samples of coarse-grained granite showed that the revised criterion can predict the peak shear strength considering rock joint matedness.
The effect of Q-switched 1064-nm dymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser on the skin barrier and collagen synthesis through miR-24-3p
Authors: Yang Zhi , Duan Xiaoxia , Wang Xue , Li Dongqing , Xu Qi , Xiang Shunli , Guo Birun , He Li 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to the increase of the world’s population aging, how to restore youthfulness to the skin has attracted much attention. It is well known that collagen synthesis and changes in skin barrier play an important role in the process of skin aging. However, whether Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser (1064-QSNYL) determines the involvement of miRNAs in skin collagen synthesis and skin barrier changes remains to be elucidated. Upstream miRNAs of p38 molecular pathway have been predicted by bioinformatic database and the relationship between miRNAs and p38 verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene and Western blotting. RT-qPCR analysis detected the expression of miR-24-3p and mRNA for collagen and skin barrier–related molecules, such as keratin 10 (K10), filaggrin, and Aquaporin 4 (APQ4), in mice back skin and in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) have been used to detect collagen expression and to localize, as well as quantify K10, filaggrin, and APQ4, respectively. In this study, we show that p38 is the main target gene of miRNA-24-3p, and laser irradiation at 1.5 J/cm2 inhibits miR-24-3p expression. Irradiation treatment upregulates the moisture, elasticity, hydroxyproline, and superoxide dismutase content of mice skin, as well as inhibits trans-epidermal water loss. Irradiation also increases collagen, K10, filaggrin, and APQ4 in both mice skin and HaCaT cells. Interestingly, we found that miR-24-3p overexpression inhibits the effect of irradiation on collagen synthesis and skin barrier. We show for the first time that 1064-QSNYL promotes collagen synthesis and protective effects on skin barrier by downregulating miR-24-3p.