bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollinator divergence and pollination isolation between hybrids with different floral color and morphology in two sympatric Penstemon species
Authors: Cardona Juliana , Lara Carlos , Ornelas Juan Francisco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDifferential visitation of pollinators due to divergent floral traits can lead to reproductive isolation via assortative pollen flow, which may ultimately be a driving force in plant speciation, particularly in areas of overlap. We evaluate the effects of pollinator behavioral responses to variation of intraspecific floral color and nectar rewards, on reproductive isolation between two hybrid flower color morphs (fuchsia and blue) and their parental species Penstemon roseus and P. gentianoides with a mixed-pollination system. We show that pollinators (bumblebees and hummingbirds) exhibit different behavioral responses to fuchsia and blue morphs, which could result from differential attraction or deterrence. In addition to differences in color (spectral reflectance), we found that plants with fuchsia flowers produced more and larger flowers, produced more nectar and were more visited by pollinators than those with blue flowers. These differences influenced the foraging behavior and effectiveness as pollinators of both bumblebees and hummingbirds, which contributed to reproductive isolation between the two hybrid flower color morphs and parental species. This study demonstrates how differentiation of pollination traits promotes the formation of hybrid zones leading to pollinator shifts and reproductive isolation. While phenotypic traits of fuchsia and red flowers might encourage more efficient hummingbird pollination in a mixed-pollination system, the costs of bumblebee pollination on plant reproduction could be the drivers for the repeated shifts from bumblebee- to hummingbird-mediated pollination.
Quantitative analysis of breast tumours aided by three-dimensional photoacoustic/ultrasound functional imaging
Authors: Yang Meng , Zhao Lingyi , Yang Fang , Wang Ming , Su Na , Zhao Chenyang , Gui Yang , Wei Yao , Zhang Rui , Li Jianchu , Han Tao , He Xujin , Zhu Lei , Wu Huanwen , Li Changhui , Jiang Yuxin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this pilot study, we explored a quantitative method to analyse characteristics of breast tumours using 3D volumetric data obtained from a three-dimensional (3D) photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) functional imaging system. Imaging results from 24 Asian patients with maximum tumour diameters less than 2 cm, including 8 benign tumours, 16 T1 stage invasive breast cancers (IBCs), and 22 normal breasts, were analysed. We found that the volumetric mean oxygenation saturation (SO2) in tumour regions of T1 stage IBCs was 7.7% lower than that of benign tumours (P = 0.016) and 3.9% lower than that of healthy breasts (P = 0.010). The volumetric mean SO2 in tumour surrounding regions of T1 stage IBCs was 4.9% lower than that of benign tumours (P = 0.009). For differentiating T1 stage IBCs and benign tumours, with a cut-off SO2 value of 78.2% inside tumours, we obtained a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 62.5%, and an AUC of 0.81; with a cut-off SO2 value of 77.9% in regions surrounding tumours, we obtained a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 75% and an AUC of 0.84. Our preliminary results demonstrate that 3D PA/US functional imaging has the potential to provide valuable quantitative physiological information that may be useful for the detection and evaluation of breast tumours.
An Extended Duration of the Pre-Operative Hospitalization is Associated with an Increased Risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Sulzgruber Patrick , Schnaubelt Sebastian , Koller Lorenz , Laufer Günther , Pilz Arnold , Kazem Niema , Winter Max-Paul , Steinlechner Barbara , Andreas Martin , Fleck Tatjana , Distelmaier Klaus , Goliasch Georg , Toma Aurel , Hengstenberg Christian , Niessner Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNosocomial infections are a common complication in clinical practice with major impact on surgical success and patient outcome. The probability of nosocomial infections is rapidly increasing during hospitalization. Therefore, we investigated the impact of a prolonged pre-operative hospital stay on the development of post-operative infection. Within this prospective observational study, 200 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were enrolled. Patients were followed during hospital admission and screened for the development of nosocomial infection. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of a prolonged pre-operative hospital stay on the development of infection. A total of 195 patients were suitable for the final analysis. We found a strong and direct association of the duration of pre-operative hospital stay and the number of patients developing infection (+23.5%; p = 0.006). Additionally, the length of patients’ pre-operative hospital stay was independently associated with the development of post-operative nosocomial infection, with an adjusted OR per day of 1.38 (95%CI: 1.02–1.86; p = 0.036). A prolonged pre-operative hospital stay was significantly associated with the development of nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery. Those findings need to be considered in future clinical patient management in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic use and potential harm to patients.
The priority of goal-relevant information and evolutionarily threatening information in early attention processing:Evidence from behavioral and ERP study
Authors: Liu Yuting , Wang Pei , Wang Guan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information can both capture attention. However, some studies have suggested that goal-relevant information is prioritized over evolutionarily threatening information, while some studies have shown the opposite conclusion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the attention advantage by presenting evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information simultaneously. Three conditions were presented in this study: evolutionarily threatening information + an irrelevant stimulus, goal-relevant information + an irrelevant stimulus, and evolutionarily threatening information + goal-relevant information. The behavioral results showed no attentional bias toward evolutionarily threatening information in the two conditions including evolutionarily threatening information; in the two conditions including goal-relevant information, participants showed attentional bias toward goal-relevant information in both. However, the ERP results showed that in the two conditions including evolutionarily threatening information, a significantly stronger N2pc response was seen for evolutionarily threatening information than for the other types of pictures, and goal-relevant information produced a significantly stronger N2pc response than that for an irrelevant stimulus. The abovementioned results indicated that in the earlier stage of attention, both evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information have attention processing advantages over irrelevant stimuli; furthermore, attention was captured by evolutionarily threatening information faster than it was by goal-relevant information.
MLR and ANN Approaches for Prediction of Synthetic/Natural Nanofibers Diameter in the Environmental and Medical Applications
Authors: Kalantary Saba , Jahani Ali , Jahani Reza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFiber diameter plays an important role in the properties of electrospinning of nanofibers. However, one major problem is the lack of a comprehensive method that can link processing parameters to nanofibers’ diameter. The objective of this study is to develope an artificial neural network (ANN) modeling and multiple regression (MLR) analysis approaches to predict the diameter of nanofibers. Processing parameters, including weight ratio, voltage, injection rate, and distance, were considered as independent variables and the nanofiber diameter as the dependent variable of the ANN model. The results of ANN modeling, especially its high accuracy (R2 = 0.959) in comparison with MLR results (R2 = 0.564), introduced the prediction the diameter of nanofibers model (PDNFM) as a comparative model for predicting the diameter of poly (3-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (Gt) nanofibers. According to the result of sensitivity analysis of the model, the values of weight ratio, distance, injection rate, and voltage, respectively, were identified as the most significant parameters which influence PDNFM.
Spatial immune profiling of the colorectal tumor microenvironment predicts good outcome in stage II patients
Authors: Nearchou Ines P. , Gwyther Bethany M. , Georgiakakis Elena C. T. , Gavriel Christos G. , Lillard Kate , Kajiwara Yoshiki , Ueno Hideki , Harrison David J. , Caie Peter D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCellular subpopulations within the colorectal tumor microenvironment (TME) include CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages, and tumor buds (TBs), all of which have known prognostic significance in stage II colorectal cancer. However, the prognostic relevance of their spatial interactions remains unknown. Here, by applying automated image analysis and machine learning approaches, we evaluate the prognostic significance of these cellular subpopulations and their spatial interactions. Resultant data, from a training cohort retrospectively collated from Edinburgh, UK hospitals (n = 113), were used to create a combinatorial prognostic model, which identified a subpopulation of patients who exhibit 100% survival over a 5-year follow-up period. The combinatorial model integrated lymphocytic infiltration, the number of lymphocytes within 50-μm proximity to TBs, and the CD68+/CD163+ macrophage ratio. This finding was confirmed on an independent validation cohort, which included patients treated in Japan and Scotland (n = 117). This work shows that by analyzing multiple cellular subpopulations from the complex TME, it is possible to identify patients for whom surgical resection alone may be curative.
A substantial hybridization between correlated Ni-d orbital and itinerant electrons in infinite-layer nickelates
Authors: Gu Yuhao , Zhu Sichen , Wang Xiaoxuan , Hu Jiangping , Chen Hanghui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe discovery of unconventional superconductivity in hole doped NdNiO2, similar to CaCuO2, has received enormous attention. However, different from CaCuO2, RNiO2 (R = Nd, La) has itinerant electrons in the rare-earth spacer layer. Previous studies show that the hybridization between Ni-$${d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$

d

x

2

−

y

2

and rare-earth-d orbitals is very weak and thus RNiO2 is still a promising analog of CaCuO2. Here, we perform first-principles calculations to show that the hybridization between Ni-$${d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$

d

x

2

−

y

2

orbital and itinerant electrons in RNiO2 is substantially stronger than previously thought. The dominant hybridization comes from an interstitial-s orbital rather than rare-earth-d orbitals, due to a large inter-cell hopping. Because of the hybridization, Ni local moment is screened by itinerant electrons and the critical UNi for long-range magnetic ordering is increased. Our work shows that the electronic structure of RNiO2 is distinct from CaCuO2, implying that the observed superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates does not emerge from a doped Mott insulator.
Methodology Matters: The Impact of Research Design on Conversational Entrainment Outcomes
Authors: Wynn Camille J. , Borrie Stephanie A. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Conversational entrainment describes the tendency for individuals to alter their communicative behaviors to more closely align with those of their conversation partner. This communication phenomenon has been widely studied, and thus, the methodologies used to examine it are diverse. Here, we summarize key differences in research design and present a test case to examine the effect of methodology on entrainment outcomes.

Method
Sixty neurotypical adults were randomly assigned to experimental groups formed by a 2 × 2 factorial combination of two independent variables: stimuli organization (blocked vs. random presentation) and stimuli modality (auditory-only vs. audiovisual stimuli). Individuals participated in a quasiconversational design in which the speech of a virtual interlocutor was manipulated to produce fast and slow speech rate conditions.

Results
There was a significant effect of stimuli organization on entrainment outcomes. Individuals in the blocked, but not the random, groups altered their speech rate to align with the speech rate of the virtual interlocutor. There were no effect of stimuli modality and no interaction between modality and organization on entrainment outcomes.

Conclusion
Findings highlight the importance of methodological decisions on entrainment outcomes. This underscores the need for more comprehensive research regarding entrainment methodology.
Primordial mass segregation of star clusters with primordial binaries
Authors: Pavlík Václav 
Published: May 2020

Context. Observations of young star-forming regions suggest that star clusters are born completely mass segregated. These initial conditions are, however, gradually lost as the star cluster evolves dynamically. For star clusters with single stars only and a canonical initial mass function, it has been suggested that traces of these initial conditions vanish at a time τv between 3 and 3.5 trh (initial half-mass relaxation times).
Aims. Since a significant fraction of stars are observed in binary systems and it is widely accepted that most stars are born in binary systems, we aim to investigate what role a primordial binary population (even up to 100% binaries) plays in the loss of primordial mass segregation of young star clusters.
Methods. We used numerical N-body models similar in size to the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) – a representative of young open clusters – integrated over several relaxation times to draw conclusions on the evolution of its mass segregation. We also compared our models to the observed ONC.
Results. We found that τv depends on the binary star fraction and the distribution of initial binary parameters that include a semi-major axis, eccentricity, and mass ratio. For instance, in the models with 50% binaries, we find τv = (2.7 ± 0.8) trh, while for 100% binary fraction, we find a lower value τv = (2.1 ± 0.6) trh. We also conclude that the initially completely mass segregated clusters, even with binaries, are more compatible with the present-day ONC than the non-segregated ones.
Orbicularis oris musculomucosal flap for anterior palatal fistula
Authors: Tiwari V. K. , Sujata Sarabahi 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAnterior palatal fistulae or residual anterior clefts are a frequent problem following palatoplasty. Various techniques have been used to repair such fistulae, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. We have successfully used orbicularis oris musculomucosal flap to close anterior fistula and residual clefts in 25 patients. This study shows the superiority of this flap over other techniques because of its reliable blood supply, easy elevation and transfer to fistula site and finally because it is a single-stage procedure.
Diagnostic dilemma in Kaposi’s sarcoma
Authors: Satish Rao B.S , Leo Tauro F , Leo Menezes Theobald , Nandakishore B , Kumar K Praveen 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTKaposi′s sarcoma is described as cutaneous and extracutaneous neoplasm predominantly affecting older individuals. Though earlier uncommon and endemic to certain African areas, its incidence is on a rise due to infections with human immunodeficiency virus and also due to transplant-associated immunosuppression. Further, certain benign conditions like Pseudo Kaposi′s sarcoma, certain infective conditions like bacillary angiomatosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can mimic Kaposi′s sarcoma both clinically and histologically leading to a diagnostic dilemma. We report such a case here.
Non-Classical Amide Bond Formation: Transamidation and Amidation of Activated Amides and Esters by Selective N–C/O–C Cleavage
Authors: Szostak Michal , Li Guangchen 
Published: May 2020

In the past several years, tremendous advances have been made in non-classical routes for amide bond formation that involve transamidation and amidation reactions of activated amides and esters. These new methods enable the formation of extremely valuable amide bonds via transition-metal-catalyzed, transition-metal-free, or metal-free pathways by exploiting chemoselective acyl C–X (X = N, O) cleavage under mild conditions. In a broadest sense, these reactions overcome the formidable challenge of activating C–N/C–O bonds of amides or esters by rationally tackling nN → π*C=O delocalization in amides and nO → π*C=O donation in esters. In this account, we summarize the recent remarkable advances in the development of new methods for the synthesis of amides with a focus on (1) transition-metal/NHC-catalyzed C–N/C–O bond activation, (2) transition-metal-free highly selective cleavage of C–N/C–O bonds, (3) the development of new acyl-transfer reagents, and (4) other emerging methods.1	Introduction2	Transamidation of Amides2.1	Transamidation by Metal–NHC Catalysis (Pd–NHC, Ni–NHC)2.2	Transition-Metal-Free Transamidation via Tetrahedral Intermediates2.3	Reductive Transamidation2.4	New Acyl-Transfer Reagents2.5	Tandem Transamidations3	Amidation of Esters3.1	Amidation of Esters by Metal–NHC Catalysis (Pd–NHC, Ni–NHC)3.2	Transition-Metal-Free Amidation of Esters via Tetrahedral Intermediates3.3	Reductive Amidation of Esters4	Transamidations of Amides by Other Mechanisms5	Conclusions and Outlook
Radiotherapy in Cutaneous Squamous Cell and Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gharzai Laila A. , Mierzwa Michelle L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy is a key component in the multidisciplinary treatment of skin cancers, used in definitive management of selected nonmelanomatous skin cancers and as an adjunct treatment in high-risk cases. Understanding the role of radiotherapy in nonmelanoma skin cancers is increasingly important as their incidence continues to rise. This article provides an overview of risk factors associated with nonmelanomatous skin cancers and the principles of both definitive and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Acute Ischemic Stroke: Acute Management and Selection for Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Dhand Sabeen , O'Connor Paul , Hughes Charles , Lin Shao-Pow 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStroke is a medical emergency and expeditious treatment is critical to reducing permanent disability or death. Acute management of patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) requires early recognition of symptoms, rapid assessment and stabilization (hyperacute workup), and appropriate selection of patients for reperfusion with intravenous alteplase and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Established stroke protocols which involve both prehospital emergency medical services and in-hospital multidisciplinary stroke teams have been shown to be crucial to reducing the long term, devastating effects of stroke.
Neuroangiography: Review of Anatomy, Periprocedural Management, Technique, and Tips
Authors: Case David , Kumpe David , Roark Christopher , Seinfeld Joshua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeuroangiography (NA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose patients with neurovascular diseases. Noninvasive imaging has improved dramatically in recent years and is utilized more frequently; however, further evaluation with NA is still required in certain cases. NA indications include intracranial (cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistula, cerebral vasculitis, cerebral vasospasm, ischemic stroke, nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, Moyamoya, vein of Galen malformation, intracranial tumors, and pseudotumor cerebri) and extracranial (internal and common carotid artery stenosis, vertebral artery stenosis, carotid artery blowout, vertebral artery blowout, epistaxis, oropharyngeal bleeding, and carotid body tumor) pathologies which can help with diagnosis and potential subsequent endovascular treatment. A thorough understanding of normal and variant cervical/cranial vascular anatomy is required. In addition, periprocedural management, catheter technique, equipment needed, and underlying disease pathology are paramount to successful and safe outcomes. This article will review basic neurovascular anatomy, periprocedural management, NA technique, and tips for safe and successful outcomes.
Catalytic prior distributions with application to generalized linear models
Authors: Huang Dongming , Stein Nathan , Rubin Donald B. , Kou S. C. 
Published: May 2020

SignificanceWe propose a strategy for building prior distributions that stabilize the estimation of complex “working models” when sample sizes are too small for standard statistical analysis. The stabilization is achieved by supplementing the observed data with a small amount of synthetic data generated from the predictive distribution of a simpler model. This class of prior distributions is easy to use and allows direct statistical interpretation.
Knowledge in series
Authors: Surman Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Positivism was one the most influential
social and philosophical currents in Central Europe in the second half of the
nineteenth century, propagated by the new media, in particular popular intellectual
journals, which published book series in support of their ideological message. By
investigating the media in which positivist knowledge was popularised in Czech and
Polish, this chapter argues that the way the translations were framed in book
series was crucial for the appropriation of positive philosophy and social
thought.
Numerical solutions to Einstein’s equations in a shearing-dust universe: a code comparison
Authors: Adamek Julian , Barrera-Hinojosa Cristian , Bruni Marco , Li Baojiu , Macpherson Hayley J , Mertens James B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A number of codes for general-relativistic simulations of cosmological structure formation have been developed in recent years. Here we demonstrate that a sample of these codes produce consistent results beyond the Newtonian regime. We simulate solutions to Einstein’s equations dominated by gravitomagnetism—a vector-type gravitational field that does not exist in Newtonian gravity and produces frame-dragging, the leading-order post-Newtonian effect. We calculate the coordinate-invariant effect on intersecting null geodesics by performing ray tracing in each independent code. With this observable quantity, we assess and compare each code’s ability to compute relativistic effects.