bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pin Shape on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Laminated Cooling Configuration
Authors: Li Lei , Li Honglin , Gao Wenjing , Tong Fujuan , Tang Zhonghao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The laminated cooling configuration can effectively enhance heat transfer and improve cooling effectiveness through combining the advantage of impingement cooling, film cooling and pin fin cooling. In this study, four laminated configurations with different pin shape including circular pin shape, curved rib pin shape, droplet pin shape and reverse droplet pin shape are numerically investigated. Extensive analysis are conducted within the blowing ratio range of 0.2–1.8 to reveal the influence of pin shape on heat transfer characteristics and cooling performance. Compared with circular pin shape, other three pin shapes can enable more complex internal flow field, which greatly affect the heat transfer performance. Among these shapes, the droplet pin shape presents the best capacity on improving heat transfer performance and distribution due to its stramlined shape and little upstream surface, especially at relatively high blowing ratio and the augmentation can be up to 7.91% under the blowing ratio of 1.7. Besides, results show that the cooling effectiveness can be enhanced by adopting curved rib pin shape and the enhancement monotonously increases as the blowing ratio increases. When blowing ratio is 1.7, the improvement can be 2.7%. The reason is that the large lateral blockage decreases the exhausted velocity and hence forms relative firm film coverage.
Swirl Distortion Using Stream Vanes for Boundary Layer Ingestion Research
Authors: Stephens Julia E. , Celestina Mark , Hughes Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The swirl distortion of a StreamVane™ was investigated in the NASA Glenn Research Center W8 test facility. The StreamVane™ was designed and generated by Virginia Tech based on CFD simulations and included a center body at the aerodynamic interface plane. The swirl pattern generated by the distortion was evaluated using a dense grid of 5-hole Pitot probe measurements captured using a rotating array of probes. Good agreement was found between the design intent and the results at 38.5 kg/s mass flow. The StreamVane™ swirl results were compared to clean facility flow at 5 inlet mass flows and found to be consistent. Additionally, the axial location of the StreamVane™ relative to the measurement plane was investigated to determine the impact on downstream total pressure loss generated by the vanes. The intent of this work was to assess the viability of using a StreamVane™ to generate a Type I or Type II distortion into a Boundary Layer Ingesting propulsor to assess its aerodynamic performance and aeromechanic response.
Reliable Temperature Measurement With Thermal History Paints: An Uncertainty Estimation Model
Authors: Peral David , Castillo Daniel , Araguas-Rodriguez Silvia , Yañez-Gonzalez Alvaro , Pilgrim Christopher , Karagiannopoulos Solon , Feist Jörg P. , Skinner Stephen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The operating temperature of turbomachinery components are increasing the drive towards higher efficiency, lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions. Accurate thermal models are required to simulate the operating temperature of gas turbine components and hence predict service life or other qualities. These models require validation through measurement. Therefore, the quality of the models and prediction are dependent on the uncertainty of the measurements used to validate them.
Currently available temperature measurement techniques have limitations in the harsh operating conditions inside gas turbines. Thermocouples are widely used, however, are practically very challenging to apply on rotating components and only provide point measurements. Furthermore, over 80% of the surface must be measured to validate complex thermal models.
A new technique under development called thermal history paints (THP) and coatings (THC) overcomes some of these limitations. While the uncertainty estimation model described in this work is directly related to THP, the principles can be applied in general to thermographic phosphors. The paint comprises a proprietary phosphor powder and a water-based silicate binder. The paint is applied to the surface of the test component. When the component is operated the paint records the maximum temperature of exposure across the complete surface of the component. After operation, the paint is read-out using automated instrumentation. The measurements are related to temperature through calibration to deliver a high-resolution temperature profile.
An uncertainty model has been developed and described for the first time. The model assesses the uncertainty sources related to the generation of the calibration data and the measurement of the component. It has been applied to determine the uncertainty of the THP in the temperature range 400–750 °C. The estimated uncertainty in this case was, for most samples, ±3–6 °C (67% confidence level). The maximum estimated uncertainty was ±6.3 °C or ±13 °C for 67% or 95% confidence levels respectively. This is believed to be well within the uncertainty of thermal models and the requirements for temperature measurements in harsh environments on gas turbines. These results combined with the fact that the THP can record the temperature at many locations demonstrates that it is a very useful tool for the validation of thermal models and lifing predictions.
The uncertainty model was validated by measuring separate test samples and comparing the temperature measured from the THP with the thermocouple data from the heat treatment. The difference was within ±7 °C and the uncertainty bounds determined by the model.
Warm-Up With Dynamic Stretching: Positive Effects on Match-Measured Change of Direction Performance in Young Elite Volleyball Players
Authors: Turki Olfa , Dhahbi Wissem , Padulo Johnny , Khalifa Riadh , Ridène Sana , Alamri Khaled , Milić Mirjana , Gueid Sabri , Chamari Karim 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To explore the immediate (15-s post-warm-up) and the delayed (after 20 and 40 min of simulated volleyball play) effects of 2 different warm-up protocols—a stretching-free volleyball warm-up (NS) and a warm-up incorporating dynamic stretching (DS)—on subsequent change of direction (COD) performance in young elite volleyball players. Methods: Sixteen male players (age 16.88 [0.34] y, body mass 75.81 [5.41] kg, body height 1.91 [0.05] m, body mass index 20.84 [1.79] kg·m−2, and body fat percentage 9.48 [1.83]%) from the U-17 national volleyball team performed NS and DS on 2 different nonconsecutive days. During each testing session (NS and DS), half T-test performance measurements were performed after 5 minutes of a general warm-up (ie, baseline), immediately post-warm-up (after 15 s), and after 20 and 40 minutes of simulated volleyball play. Results: For DS, a significant improvement in COD performance (2.08%, P < .001) was observed after 20 minutes of play compared with the baseline values. In addition, COD performance recorded after 40 minutes of play was better than after 15-second post-warm-up (5.85%, P = .001). Inferential statistics showed better COD performance in the DS condition after 20 minutes of play (2.32%, likely negative, d = 0.61). Conclusions: Compared with NS, DS tended to affect the pattern of improvement of COD performance during play by intensifying and accelerating it. Consequently, to enhance COD performance for up to 40 minutes into the game, it is recommended that DS be incorporated to the warm-up preceding the match.
Methods for the early detection of drug-induced pancreatitis: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Wolfe Dianna , Kanji Salmaan , Yazdi Fatemeh , Skidmore Becky , Moher David , Hutton Brian 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesWe systematically reviewed the literature to identify evidence-informed recommendations regarding the detection of drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP) and, secondarily, to describe clinical processes for the diagnosis of DIP.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, including Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase Classic+Embase, the Cochrane Library.Eligibility criteriaWe included clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, narrative reviews and observational studies with a focus of establishing incidence, prevalence or diagnostic approaches for DIP. Clinical trials that diagnosed DIP as an outcome were also included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers screened citations and performed data extraction. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was prepared.ResultsFifty-nine studies were included. Early published evidence suggested serial pancreatic ultrasound could detect subclinical pancreatitis; however, subsequent studies demonstrated no utility of serial ultrasound or serial monitoring of pancreatic enzymes in the early detection of DIP. Two small studies conducted in patients with a high baseline risk of acute pancreatitis concluded serial monitoring of pancreatic enzymes may be useful to guide early discontinuation of medications with known associations with pancreatitis. Early discontinuation of medication was not advised for lower-risk patients because some medications cause transient elevations of pancreatic enzymes that do not progress to acute pancreatitis. Eight of 52 studies (15%) reporting a clinical diagnostic process for DIP reported using currently accepted criteria for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. A variety of methods were used to assess drug-related causality.ConclusionsThere is minimal evidence to support the use of serial monitoring by ultrasound or pancreatic enzymes to detect cases of DIP. Serial monitoring may be useful to guide early discontinuation of DIP-associated drugs in high-risk patients, but not in lower-risk patients. Greater uptake of standardised diagnostic and causality criteria for DIP is needed.Trial registration numberCRD42017060473
Identifying priorities for primary care investment in Ireland through a population-based analysis of avoidable hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC)
Authors: McDarby Geraldine , Smyth Breda 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundIn 2016, the Irish acute hospital system operated well above internationally recommended occupancy targets. Investment in primary care can prevent hospital admissions of ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs).ObjectiveTo measure the impact of ACSCs on acute hospital capacity in the Irish public system and identify specific care areas for enhanced primary care provision.DesignNational Hospital In-patient Enquiry System data were used to calculate 2011–2016 standardised bed day rates for selected ACSC conditions. A prioritisation exercise was undertaken to identify the most significant contributors to bed days within our hospital system. Poisson regression was used to determine change over time using incidence rate ratios (IRR).ResultsIn 2016 ACSCs accounted for almost 20% of acute public hospital beds (n=871 328 bed days) with adults over 65 representing 69.1% (n=602 392) of these. Vaccine preventable conditions represented 39.1% of ACSCs. Influenza and pneumonia were responsible for 99.8% of these, increasing by 8.2% (IRR: 1.02; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.03) from 2011 to 2016. Pyelonephritis represented 47.6% of acute ACSC bed days, increasing by 46.5% (IRR: 1.07; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.08) over the 5 years examined.ConclusionsPrioritisation for targeted investment in integrated care programmes is enabled through analysis of ACSC’s in terms of acute hospital bed days. This analysis demonstrates that primary care investment in integrated care programmes for respiratory ACSC’s from prevention to rehabilitation at scale could assist with bed capacity in acute hospitals in Ireland. In adults 65 years and over, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, the current analysis supports targeting community based pulmonary rehabilitation including pneumococcal and influenza vaccination programmes in order to reduce the burden of infection and hospitalisations. Further exploration of pyelonephritis is necessary in order to ascertain patient profile and appropriateness of admissions.
Injury trend analysis in the Japan national swim team from 2002 to 2016: effect of the lumbar injury prevention project
Authors: Matsuura Yuiko , Hangai Mika , Koizumi Keisuke , Ueno Koji , Hirai Norimasa , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Kaneoka Koji 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the trends of injury occurrence in the Japan national swim team for 15 years and to evaluate the effectiveness of the lumbar injury prevention project. It also aimed to verify the incidence of swimming-related injuries among swimmers by sex, age and swimming style.MethodsThe target group comprised 488 swimmers who participated in the Olympics, Asian Games and Universiade from 2002 to 2016; we compiled data for the total number of injuries in each body part. The lumbar injury prevention project started in 2008 and included two components (deep trunk muscle exercises and evaluation of lumbar disc degeneration using MRI). We analysed the prevalence of lumbar injury before (2002–2008) and after (2009–2016) implementation of the lumbar injury prevention project by χ2test. We compared age, sex and swim strokes between the injured and non-injured groups by χ2test and unpaired t-test.ResultsThe most common injury site was the lower back, followed by the shoulder and knee. The lumbar injury prevalence was significantly lower after implementation of the prevention project (23.5% vs 14.8%; p<0.05). Shoulder injuries were common in backstroke swimmers. The injury rate was significantly higher in female than in male swimmers. The injured group was significantly older than the non-injured group.ConclusionsLumbar injury prevention intervention might be effective to prevent lower back injury in swimmers. Injury risk factors included female and old age; younger female athletes should prevent the development of injuries as they mature.
Urinary calcium assessment and its relation with age, sex and Encephalitozoon cuniculi serological status in otherwise healthy pet rabbits
Authors: Gallego Miguel 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundUrinary calcium excretion by rabbits is set proportionately higher than that of other species, giving the rabbit urine its characteristic cloudy appearance. During pregnancy, lactation and growth, or when metabolic disorders interfere in the renal excretion of calcium, it is reported that less calcium is excreted and the urine appears clear. The quantification of the calcium concentration in the urine of rabbits may be of importance in the management of diseases that affect calcium metabolism, especially in kidney disease; however, reference intervals for urinary calcium concentration (UC) are unreported in pet rabbits.MethodsProspective data from 63 healthy pet rabbits were evaluated. An inhouse modified Arsenazo III technique, without acidifying the urine, was used to determine the reference intervals for UC and UC:creatinine ratio. Urinary protein:creatinine ratio, UC, UC:creatinine ratio, urinary gamma‐glutamyl transferase concentration (UG), UG:creatinine ratio, phosphorus, plasma total calcium, plasma creatinine, urea and ionised calcium were assessed according to age, sex, neutered status, urine collection method and Encephalitozoon cuniculi IgG status in healthy rabbits.ResultsThe reference intervals for UC and UC:creatinine ratio were 4.2–31.1 mg/dl (1.03–7.78 mmol/l) and less than 0.3, respectively. The results showed that none of these variables was influenced by the parameters evaluated, except for the phosphorus value, which was higher in pet rabbits aged up to 3 years compared with those over 3 years, suggesting that published reference values for plasma phosphorus in rabbits should be adjusted according to age.ConclusionThe modified Arsenazo III technique described in the present work and the established reference values for UC and UCC in pet rabbits could be useful in the management of kidney disease in rabbits. The results showed that E cuniculi IgG seropositivity has no influence on the variables of renal interest in otherwise healthy rabbits.
Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet: A Pilot Study for Carpal Tunnel Release in the Philippine Orthopedic Center
Authors: Castro Magtoto Ian Jason , Alagar David Limlingan 
Published: November 2019

Background: Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) uses a mixture of lidocaine and epinephrine for anesthesia and has found great success in hand surgery. At the Philippine Orthopedic Center (POC), we still use local anesthesia along with a tourniquet which gives the patient pain and discomfort at the tourniquet site. This study aims to determine perioperative and post-operative pain, intraoperative bleeding and immediate clinical outcomes of patients using WALANT for surgical anesthesia for carpal tunnel release. Methods: A case series of all patients who underwent carpal tunnel release under WALANT from April 2016 to September 2016 is presented. Those with concomitant trigger finger and de quervain disease which required release on the affected hand were also included. A tourniquet was on standby in case of uncontrollable bleeding. Intraoperative bleeding, pain NRS scores, and return to daily activity were noted. Results: Thirteen patients were included in the study; 3 were male, 10 were female. Mean age was 58 years, Mean surgical time was 15 minutes. Twelve were reported to have “some bleeding” and one was reported to have “bleeding but was still manageable”. None of the surgeries were totally bloodless or had too much bleeding that necessitated a tourniquet. Pain NRS scores during injection of local anesthesia had a mean of 2. None of the patients felt pain during and immediately after the surgery. Average time return to daily activity was 6 days. No complications were noted. Conclusions: Patients included in the study who underwent carpal tunnel release under WALANT did not experience pain associated with a tourniquet. Visualization of the field was adequate enough for the surgeons to do the surgery without the need for a tourniquet and with no associated complications.
Prospective Evaluation of Median Nerve Dysfunctions in Patients with a Distal Radius Fracture Treated with Volar Locking Plating
Authors: Isobe Fumihiro , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Hayashi Masanori , Uchiyama Shigeharu , Miyaoka Shunsuke , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for median nerve dysfunctions after volar locking plate (VLP) fixation for distal radius fracture (DRF).Methods: We prospectively assessed the incidence of median nerve symptoms (MNS) such as numbness, pain, paresthesia, or hypesthesia in the area innervated by the median nerve and evaluated post-operative nerve conduction (NC) in 91 hands of 121 patients after VLP fixation for DRF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors independently associated with MNS and abnormal NC in the injured wrist.Results: There were 18 cases (20%) of MNS on the injured side, 9 hands (10%) of both MNS and abnormal NC, 11 hands (12%) with only abnormal NC, and 9 hands with only MNS. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of abnormal NC for diagnosing MNS were 50%, 86%, and 78%, respectively. Four cases did not respond to conservative treatment and received carpal tunnel release concomitantly with plate removal. Logistic regression examination revealed that volar placement of the plate and short stature were significant independent predictors of MNS, while patient age was the sole independent predictor of abnormal NC.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that plate prominence, short stature, and age were significant independent risk factors for median nerve dysfunctions after VLP fixation for DRF.
Positive Ulnar Fovea Sign – Audit of Patient Outcomes Following Nonsurgical and Surgical Management
Authors: Chang Min Kai , Lim Zeus Yiwei , Tay Shian Chao 
Published: November 2019

Background: Patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain and positive ulnar fovea sign are usually treated nonsurgically before surgical options are considered. However, the outcomes of nonsurgical management are unknown. Many of these patients also have unstable distal radioulnar joint, but there has been no comparison between the outcomes of these patients with stable and unstable distal radioulnar joint. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the outcomes of nonsurgical and surgical treatment of patients with positive ulnar fovea sign, and (2) compare the outcomes of patients with stable and unstable distal radioulnar joint.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the outcomes of patients with ulnar sided wrist pain and positive fovea sign was performed from March 2009 to December 2014. Outcomes were measured based on patient-reported pain improvement, grip strength and range of motion of the affected wrist before and after treatment. A total of 100 wrists in 98 patients were reviewed.Results: 54% of wrists managed nonsurgically experienced pain improvement. 83% of wrists managed surgically experienced pain improvement. The mean grip strength increased by 2.8 kg and 2.7 kg, while the range of motion decreased by 14° and 5° after nonsurgical and surgical treatment respectively. When comparing patients with stable and unstable distal radioulnar joint, there were statistically more wrists with unstable distal radioulnar joint that experienced pain improvement after treatment.Conclusions: The study showed that there is a role for nonsurgical treatment for wrists with positive ulnar fovea sign with more than half of the patients experiencing pain improvement. We also found that positive ulnar fovea sign patients with unstable distal radioulnar joint had better pain outcomes compared to those with stable distal radioulnar joint.
The Role of Early Post-Operative Radiographs Following Distal Radius Fracture Fixation with a Volar Locking Plate: Time for Change?
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Witney-Lagen Caroline , Cullen Samuel , Kim Edward , Haider Zakir , Davy Anthea , Hunter Alistair 
Published: November 2019

Background: The role of early radiographic imaging in the management of distal radius fractures (DRFs) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether early post-operative radiographs for DRFs influences the ongoing management of this patient group. We hypothesize that routine early radiographs do not influence the management of DRFs. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation using a volar locking plate between 2012 and 2017 at our institution. Patients were identified using hospital electronic databases. Clinical information was gathered from the electronic health records and PACS systems and analysed on a spreadsheet. An early post-operative radiograph was defined by the authors as imaging on a patient’s first postoperative visit. Results: 237 patients were identified. The median number of days patients were reviewed post-operatively was 13 (interquartile range 9–16). 172 (73.1%) patients had early post-operative radiographs, with 100 (58.1%) intra-articular and 72 (41.9%) extra-articular fractures. Of patients who underwent imaging, 7 (4.0%) had their post-operative fracture management altered (7 intra-articular, 0 extra-articular) with 1 (0.58%) requiring immediate surgical revision as indicated by imaging. Conclusions: Our study questions the value of routine early post-operative radiographs in the management of distal radius fracture fixations, in particular if the fracture is extra-articular. This is of importance in the setting of constrained resources and represents a poor use of limited healthcare facilities, as well as unnecessary radiation exposure.