bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of combined administration of calcium, iron, zinc, chrysanthemum flavonoids, and DMSA on the treatment of lead intoxication in mice
Authors: Huali Tang , Honglei Peng , Feng Wang , Shaokang Wang , Ligang Yang , Jianghong Liu , Guiju Sun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effect of combined administration of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chrysanthemum flavonoids, and meso‐2,3‐dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on the treatment of lead (Pb) intoxication in mice was studied. One hundred ninety female mice (SPF level, aged 18‐22 days) were randomly divided into two groups as experimental animals. Mice in group I (10 mice) served as normal control animals, and were administered deionized water containing 12.5 μL/L acetate acid for 6 weeks, whereas mice in group II (180 mice) were exposed to 0.1% (wt/vol) of lead acetate in deionized water for 6 weeks and served as experimental animals. After 6 weeks of successful modeling, 180 mice from group II (lead‐exposed) were divided into 18 groups of 10 mice each, 16 of which were treated by the combined administration of Ca, Fe, Zn, chrysanthemum flavonoids, and DMSA by L16 (215) orthogonal design. The remaining two groups were given treatment with low and high doses of DMSA, respectively. After three weeks of intervention (ig), the optimal treatment group was identified according to its blood lead level, as well as some antioxidant indices in the blood, liver, and hippocampus. The results indicated that the combined administration of Fe, Zn, chrysanthemum flavonoids, and DMSA with low dosage had the most significant effect on increasing the activities of blood delta‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic SOD and hippocampus nitric oxide synthase while decreasing the blood lead level, the content of hepatic malondialdehyde and hippocampus nitric oxide; this was considered the optimal treatment group. There was no difference in the level of blood hemoglobin between the optimal treatment group and the model control group (the first group of the orthogonal experiment). The activities of blood glutathione (GSH), hepatic GSH and glutathione peroxidase of the optimal treatment group were the same as other groups’, and the recovery of the related indexes in the optimal effect group closely resembled the high dosage DMSA group. It can be concluded that the coadministration of Fe, Zn, and chrysanthemum flavonoids along with a low‐dose DMSA effectively reduces Pb poisoning and lead‐induced oxidative damage in lead‐exposed mice; the result may provide a theoretical reference for the treatment of Pb poisoning.
Potential of a sensitive uric acid biosensor fabricated using hydroxyapatite nanowire/reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle
Authors: Chen Yao , Zhou Wencui , Ma Jiahui , Ruan Feixia , Qi Xuezhen , Cai Yurong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, a ternary nanocomposite consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized by a simple one‐step hydrothermal method, which is used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for detecting uric acid. The nanocomposite is characterized through various methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Electrochemical measurements of the modified GCE are performed in a conventional three‐electrode system. Experimental results show that the obtained HAP nanowire and rGO are mixed homogeneously, and the AuNPs are deposited into this matrix. The GCE modified by the nanocomposites have superior electrocatalytic activities for uric acid. The peak current intensities of UAO (uricase)/HAP‐rGO/AuNPs sensing system linearly increase as the uric acid concentration increases substantially in a range of 1.95 × 10−5 to 6.0 × 10−3 M (R2 = .9943), with a detection limit of 3.9 × 10−6 M (S/N = 3) and analytical sensitivity of 13.86 mA/M. The biosensor performs well in determining uric acid concentration in human urine samples.
Synthesis of novel Mannich bases and hybrid Mannich bases related to isoindolin‐1,3‐dione
Authors: Afsah Elsayed M. , Kandil Ez‐el‐Din M. , Abdelmageed Soha M. , Elbarhmtoushi Fatma T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTreatment of isoindolin‐1,3‐dione (1) with formalin and the appropriate amine or diamine afforded new N‐Mannich bases and bis‐(Mannich bases) 2 to 6. The use of the appropriate hydrazide or dihydrazide as the amine component in the Mannich reaction with 1 led to Mannich bases and bis‐(Mannich bases) incorporating a hydrazide moiety. The synthetic potential of sec‐Mannich bases as precursors in synthesis of hybrid Mannich bases incorporating 1 was described. The N‐alkylation of 1 with ketonic Mannich bases was investigated.
Label‐free detection of wild mushrooms DNA based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Xiong Yang , Zhang Deqing , Hao Yanping , Liu Yan , Si Minzhen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDirect and label‐free detection of unmodified DNA has always been a great challenge for DNA analyses. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can provide structural fingerprinting of analytes with single‐molecules sensitivity, so it could be the best candidate for label‐free detection of DNA. Wild mushrooms, a very nutritious and delicious food in our lives, are widely distributed in Yunnan province. Herein, a simple and reliable method, based on SERS, was developed for label‐free detection of DNA from six wild mushrooms and three common edible mushrooms. Concentrated Ag colloid prepared by microwave heating method with high SERS activity was used to obtain high reproducible SERS spectra. SERS signatures and spectroscopic band assignments of these mushrooms DNA were analyzed. Principal component analysis was used to distinguish these nine mushrooms. This experiment provides a simple and reliable method to detect mushrooms DNA, which is useful for the study of mushrooms DNA. Also, this approach has great potential for species identification of wild mushrooms and provides a basis for learning the interaction between DNA and small molecules. To our best knowledge, it is the first SERS study on DNA from wild mushrooms.
Method to suppress speckle noise using time multiplexing in phase‐only holographic display
Authors: Xin Ling , Xiao Dan , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn holographic display, the reconstructed image suffers from speckle noise severely. In this paper, we propose a method to suppress speckle noise using time multiplexing in phase‐only holographic display. Adjacent pixels of the recorded object are separated into object point groups firstly. Particularly, the pixel interval of each object point group is larger compared with the conventional pixel separation method. And then, sub‐computer–generated holograms (sub‐CGHs) are calculated by the modified Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm with different initial random phases. Finally, the final integrated image is reconstructed with low speckle noise using time multiplexing technique. Both numerical and optical experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility with our proposed method.
Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter mineralization decreases with long‐term N fertilization: Evidence from four Q10 estimation approaches
Authors: Zang Huadong , Blagodatskaya Evgenia , Wen Yuan , Shi Lingling , Cheng Fei , Chen Haiqing , Zhao Bingqiang , Zhang Fusuo , Fan Mingsheng , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate warming and anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loads are two major global change components interactively affecting carbon cycling. However, the effects of N forms and amounts on temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization remain incomplete. With this goal, soil was sampled after 23 years of mineral and (or) organic N fertilization, and then incubated for one year at 10, 20, and 30°C. For the first time, we compared four approaches (Equal time, Equal C, 1‐C pool, and 2‐C pool model) to evaluate the Q10 of SOM mineralization. All approaches showed that the Q10 decreased by more than one third with N fertilization compared to unfertilized control at low temperatures. The '1‐C pool model' was not adequate for Q10 estimation with various C availability. The Q10 estimated by '2‐C pool model' was strongly depended on incubation duration. The 'Equal C' approach was more powerful for separating SOM pools and it revealed the decreased Q10 of the recalcitrant pool at high N rates. The impact of N fertilization on Q10 was more evident at high N than at low N. Notably, the Q10 decreased more by mineral N compared to organic fertilizers (~60% vs. ~40% decreased in Q10) at 10–20oC. The added benefit of N fertilization in protecting SOM under climate warming was demonstrated by decreased Q10. Such one‐third reduction of temperature sensitivity by N fertilization is large enough to be considered in predictions of global SOM stocks under warming and anthropogenic N loads.
Resveratrol Downregulates miR‐31 to Promote T Regulatory Cells during Prevention of TNBS‐Induced Colitis
Authors: Alrafas Haider Rasheed , Busbee Philip B. , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Nagarkatti Prakash S. 
Published: November 2019

ScopeColitis, an inflammatory bowel disease, is associated with aberrant regulation of the colonic mucosal immune system. Resveratrol, a natural plant product, has been found to exert anti‐inflammatory properties and attenuate the development of murine colitis. In the current study, the role of microRNA (miR) in the ability of resveratrol to suppress colonic inflammation is examined.Methods and resultsBALB/C mice with 2,4,6‐Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution (TNBS)‐induced colitis, when treated with resveratrol, show improved clinical outcomes and reduce induction of inflammatory T cells (Th17 and Th1) while increasing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL‐10‐producing CD4+ T cells. miR microarray analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) validation from CD4+ T cells show treatment with resveratrol decreases the expression of several miRs (miR‐31, Let7a, miR‐132) that targets cytokines and transcription factors involved in anti‐inflammatory T cell responses (Foxp3 and TGF‐β). Transfection studies with miR‐31 confirm that this miR directly regulates the expression of Foxp3. Lastly, analysis of public data from human patients with ulcerative colitis reveals that miR‐31 expression is significantly increased when compared to controls.ConclusionTogether, the current study demonstrates that resveratrol‐mediated attenuation of colitis may be regulated by miR‐31 through induction of Tregs and miR‐31 may serve as a therapeutic target for human colitis.
Contours of saturated and unsaturated overhanging slopes at limiting equilibrium condition
Authors: Vo Thanh , Russell Adrian R. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryOverhangs are frequently observed in riverbanks, coastal headlands, and rock formations. The geometry of an overhang is an input into most slope stability analyses and is often idealised or back‐calculated from empirical data. This study investigates the geometries of overhang slopes, which exist while in limiting conditions satisfying static equilibrium with soil strength governed by the Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion. The overhanging contour is formulated as the unknown in a boundary value problem and solved for using the slip line theory. Analyses consider nonhomogeneous soils, where cohesion and, if unsaturated, the contribution of suction to the effective stress vary linearly with depth. The solutions are presented in general dimensionless charts. Applications of the charts are illustrated via examples. It has been observed that soil with varying amounts of friction and cohesion could develop overhanging arches of different sizes and shapes. This study shows that the curvature of an overhang becomes more pronounced for small values of φ′. It is also demonstrated that changing the contribution of suction to the effective stress has a direct impact on the size of an unsaturated soil overhang. Overhanging slope shapes observed in reality may be different from the idealised subset studied in this paper since real slopes are not necessarily at impending failure. The real shapes may be influenced by various physical processes such as weathering, stress variations caused by cycles of wetting‐drying. Even so, the results presented in the paper indicated how key soil properties influence slope shapes, albeit it while in limiting conditions.
Pairwise model discrimination with applications in lifetime distributions and degradation processes
Authors: Chen Piao , Ye Zhi‐Sheng , Xiao Xun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReliability data obtained from life tests and degradation tests have been extensively used for purposes such as estimating product reliability and predicting warranty costs. When there is more than one candidate model, an important task is to discriminate between the models. In the literature, the model discrimination was often treated as a hypothesis test and a pairwise model discrimination procedure was carried out. Because the null distribution of the test statistic is unavailable in most cases, the large sample approximation and the bootstrap were frequently used to find the acceptance region of the test. Although these two methods are asymptotically accurate, their performance in terms of size and power is not satisfactory in small sample size. To enhance the small‐sample performance, we propose a new method to approximate the null distribution, which builds on the idea of generalized pivots. Conventionally, the generalized pivots were often used for interval estimation of a certain parameter or function of parameters in presence of nuisance parameters. In this study, we further extend the idea of generalized pivots to find the acceptance region of the model discrimination test. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods in discriminating between two lifetime distributions or two degradation models over a wide range of sample sizes. Two real examples are used to illustrate the proposed methods.
Teacher–student relationship quality and math achievement: The mediating role of teacher self‐efficacy
Authors: Hajovsky Daniel B. , Oyen Kari A. , Chesnut Steven R. , Curtin Susan J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe relation between social dyadic variables such as teacher–student relationship quality (TSRQ) and student achievement have been well‐documented within prior work; however, less research has focused on how TSRQ associates with achievement. We used longitudinal structural equation modeling to investigate the extent that teacher self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between TSRQ and math achievement for 881 children in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study. Teacher–student closeness had moderate to large positive effects on teacher self‐efficacy, whereas teacher–student conflict had small to moderate negative effects on teacher self‐efficacy, which then had small positive effects on math achievement. Closeness only had indirect effects on math achievement via teacher self‐efficacy, whereas conflict had direct and indirect effects on math achievement. The results were consistent across grades, lending strength to the findings. This study provides researchers and practitioners evidence of an area that can be developed to potentially enhance student success in math.
Targeted and Untargeted Proteomics Approaches in Biomarker Development
Authors: Sobsey Constance A. , Ibrahim Sahar , Richard Vincent R. , Gaspar Vanessa , Mitsa Georgia , Lacasse Vincent , Zahedi René P. , Batist Gerald , Borchers Christoph H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn enormous amount of research effort has been devoted to biomarker discovery and validation. With the completion of the human genome, proteomics is now playing an increasing role in this search for new and better biomarkers. Here, what leads to successful biomarker development is reviewed and how these features may be applied in the context of proteomic biomarker research is considered. The “fit‐for‐purpose” approach to biomarker development suggests that untargeted proteomic approaches may be better suited for early stages of biomarker discovery, while targeted approaches are preferred for validation and implementation. A systematic screening of published biomarker articles using MS‐based proteomics reveals that while both targeted and untargeted technologies are used in proteomic biomarker development, most researchers do not combine these approaches. i) The reasons for this discrepancy, (ii) how proteomic technologies can overcome technical challenges that seem to limit their translation into the clinic, and (iii) how MS can improve, complement, or replace existing clinically important assays in the future are discussed.
On the mirror symmetry between the absorption and emission of complex molecules in solution
Authors: Catalán Javier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mirror‐symmetry phenomenon between the absorption and the molecular emission discovered by Levshin for molecular systems in solution, known as Levshin's law, is a powerful tool to investigate how different or similar the molecular structure responsible for the emission is with respect to the structure responsible for absorption. The three existing procedures in the literature (Stepanov's, Birks', and Kasha's models) for the evaluation of the behavior of Levshin's law for complex molecules in solution are based on the application of the Einstein coefficients that describe the radiation‐matter interaction in a system formed by two stationary states in the vacuum. None of the three procedures proposed is adequately supported for a molecular system in solution; therefore, a procedure is proposed and spectroscopically regarded as the most appropriate procedure to evaluate the existence or not of mirror‐image symmetry between absorption and emission.
Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis demonstrate similar profiles of in vitro cytokine receptor inhibition
Authors: Dowty Martin E. , Lin Tsung H. , Jesson Michael I. , Hegen Martin , Martin David A. , Katkade Vaibhav , Menon Sujatha , Telliez Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as an effective class of therapies for various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). JAK inhibitors function intracellularly by modulating the catalytic activity of JAKs and disrupting the receptor‐mediated signaling of multiple cytokines and growth factors, including those with pro‐inflammatory activity. Understanding the inhibition profiles of different JAK inhibitors, based on the associated cytokine receptors and downstream inflammatory pathways affected, is important to identify the potential mechanisms for observed differences in efficacy and safety. This study applied an integrated modeling approach, using in vitro whole blood cytokine inhibition potencies and plasma pharmacokinetics, to determine JAK‐dependent cytokine receptor inhibition profiles, in the context of doses estimated to provide a similar clinical response in RA clinical trials. The calculated profiles of cytokine receptor inhibition for the JAK inhibitors tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib and its metabolite, were generally similar when clinically efficacious doses for RA were considered. Only minor numerical differences in percentage cytokine receptor inhibition were observed, suggesting limited differentiation of these inhibitors based on JAK pharmacology, with each showing a differential selectivity for JAK1 heterodimer inhibition. Nevertheless, only robust clinical testing involving head‐to‐head studies will ultimately determine whether there are clinically meaningful differences between these JAK inhibitors. Furthermore, ongoing and future research into inhibitors with alternative JAK selectivity remains of clinical importance. Thus, all JAK inhibitors should be characterized via thorough preclinical, metabolic and pharmacological evaluation, adequate long‐term clinical data, and when available, real‐world experience.
The detailed dynamics of the June–August Hadley Cell
Authors: Hoskins B. J. , Yang G.‐Y. , Fonseca R. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe seminal theory for the Hadley Cells has demonstrated that their existence is necessary for the reduction of tropical temperature gradients to a value such that the implied zonal winds are realisable. At the heart of the theory is the notion of angular momentum conservation in the upper branch of the Hadley Cells. Eddy mixing associated with extratropical systems is invoked to give continuity at the edge of the Hadley Cell and to reduce the subtropical jet by a factor of three or more to those observed. In this article a detailed view is presented of the dynamics of the June–August Hadley Cell, as given by ERA data for the period 1981–2010, with an emphasis on the dynamics of the upper branch. The steady and transient northward fluxes of angular momentum have a very similar structure, both having a maximum on the Equator and a reversal in sign near 12°S, with the transient flux merging into that associated with eddies on the winter subtropical jet. In the northward absolute vorticity flux, the Coriolis torque is balanced by both the steady and transient fluxes. The overturning circulations that average to give the Hadley Cell are confined to specific longitudinal regions, as are the steady and transient momentum fluxes. In these regions, both intraseasonal and synoptic variations are important. The dominant contributor to the Hadley Cell is from the Indian Ocean and west Pacific regions, and the maxima in OLR variability and meridional wind in these regions have a characteristic structure associated with the Westward‐moving Mixed Rossby–Gravity wave. Much of the upper tropospheric motion into the winter hemisphere occurs in filaments of air from the summer equatorial region. These filaments can reach the winter subtropical jet, leading to the strengthening of it and of the eddies on it, implying strong tropical–extratropical interaction.
Influence of ring position on the temporal dependence of charge movement in a switchable [2]rotaxane
Authors: Bazargan Gloria , Sohlberg Karl 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSwitchable mechanically interlocked molecular architectures (MIMAs) are promising candidates for the components of nanoscale devices. An example of a MIMA‐based switch used in nanoscale devices is the electrochemically switchable Stoddart‐Heath‐type [2]rotaxane. This system's two coconformations differ in electrical conductance, a feature that has been harnessed for electronic and information storage applications. Herein we study the flow of charge in two coconformations of a bistable Stoddart‐Heath‐type [2]rotaxane and report statistical predictions of electron transfer times using a probabilistic approach for characterizing the timescale of quantum particle transit. The ratio of predicted transfer times for the two coconformations is consistent with the experimentally reported difference in electrical conductance. Path information offered by the probabilistic method gives insight into the influence of ring position on the mechanism of electron transit in this mechanically interlocked assembly.