bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient activation of the Notch-her15.1 axis plays an important role in the maturation of V2b interneurons
Authors: Mizoguchi Takamasa , Fukada Michi , Iihama Miku , Song Xuehui , Fukagawa Shun , Kuwabara Shuhei , Omaru Shuhei , Higashijima Shin-ichi , Itoh Motoyuki 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn the vertebrate ventral spinal cord, p2 progenitors give rise to two interneuron subtypes: excitatory V2a interneurons and inhibitory V2b interneurons. In the differentiation of V2a and V2b cells, Notch signaling promotes V2b fate at the expense of V2a fate. Later, V2b cells extend axons along the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord and express the inhibitory transmitter GABA. Notch signaling has been reported to inhibit the axonal outgrowth of mature neurons of the central nervous system; however, it remains unknown how Notch signaling modulates V2b neurite outgrowth and maturation into GABAergic neurons. Here, we have investigated neuron-specific Notch functions regarding V2b axon growth and maturation into zebrafish GABAergic neurons. We found that continuous neuron-specific Notch activation enhanced V2b fate determination but inhibited V2b axonal outgrowth and maturation into GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that Notch signaling activation is required for V2b fate determination, whereas its downregulation at a later stage is essential for V2b maturation. Accordingly, we found that a Notch signaling downstream gene, her15.1, showed biased expression in V2 linage cells and downregulated expression during the maturation of V2b cells, and continuous expression of her15.1 repressed V2b axogenesis. Our data suggest that spatiotemporal control of Notch signaling activity is required for V2b fate determination, maturation and axogenesis.
Risk factors for sleep problems in infants
Authors: Lestari Hesti , Wahani Audrey Mety Iriani , Wilar Rocky , Herwansyah Permatami 
Published: August 2020

Background Sleep disorders in infants can cause developmental problems, suboptimal growth, behavioral disorders, fatigue, irritability, impulsiveness, and poor mother-infant bonding.
Objective To evaluate possible risk factors for sleep disorders in infants.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy infants aged 3-6 months. Subjects were selected using proportional random sampling from four different primary healthcare facilities in Manado, North Sulawesi. Their parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Sleep disorder was defined as the presence of one or more conditions including sleep duration less than 9 hours at night (from 19.00 until 07.00), waking up at night (from 22.00 until 06.00) more than 3 times, and more than 1 hour waking at night.
Results Of 112 subjects, 58 (51.8%) were male. Subjects’ mean age was 4.21 (SD 0.829) months and 76 (67.86%) experienced sleep disorders. Sleep disorders had significant associations with low socioeconomic status (OR 17; 95%CI 3.8 to 75.8), middle school or lower maternal education (OR 44.5; 95%CI 9.8 to 202), non-supine sleeping position (OR 8.8; 95%CI 1.9 to 39.7), parental use of electronic devices (OR 156.2; 95%CI 35.1 to 692.9), and non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR 85.2; 95%CI 21.1 to 344.2). Correlative analyses also revealed that electronic media usage had the strongest association with sleep disorders, followed by breastfeeding pattern, maternal education, socioeconomic status, and sleeping position ( 0.839, 0.771, 0.624, 0.433, and 0.309, respectively). However, there were no significant correlations upon multivariate analysis.
Conclusion Parental use of electronic media before sleeping is the strongest risk factor for sleep disorders among infants, followed by non-exclusive breastfeeding pattern, low maternal education, low socioeconomic status, and non-supine sleeping position. However, none of these correlations were significant upon multivariate analysis, this show that all these factors influence sleep together
A Note on the Efficiency Gains from a Refusal to Deal in a Bertrand-Nash Framework
Authors: Nadimi Soheil R. , Weisman Dennis L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A vertically integrated provider (VIP) initially has a duty to deal with a rival at unregulated upstream and downstream prices in a Bertrand-Nash framework. The duty to deal is subsequently terminated which enables the VIP to acquire the rival and serve as a two-product, downstream monopolist. We find that the refusal to deal is efficiency-enhancing, given that prices decrease while profits increase ex post.
Evolving oxygenation management reasoning in COVID-19
Authors: Liu Steven , Sweeney Cara , Srisarajivakul-Klein Nalinee , Klinger Amanda , Dimitrova Irina , Schaye Verity 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The initial phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States saw rapidly-rising patient volumes along with shortages in personnel, equipment, and intensive care unit (ICU) beds across many New York City hospitals. As our hospital wards quickly filled with unstable, hypoxemic patients, our hospitalist group was forced to fundamentally rethink the way we triaged and managed cases of hypoxemic respiratory failure. Here, we describe the oxygenation protocol we developed and implemented in response to changing norms for acuity on inpatient wards. By reflecting on lessons learned, we re-evaluate the applicability of these oxygenation strategies in the evolving pandemic. We hope to impart to other providers the insights we gained with the challenges of management reasoning in COVID-19.
Assessing the effect of light intensity and light wavelength spectra on the photoreduction of formic acid using a graphene oxide material
Authors: Ramos-Huerta Luis A. , Laureys Lotte , Llanos Alexis G. , Valadés Patricio J. , Ruiz Richard S. , Castillo Carlos O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhotocatalysis has been a topic of interest in recent years for both, oxidation and reduction reactions, and although there is a broad variety of research regarding photocatalytic materials and the reaction itself, studies on reactor design and related phenomena, radiation transfer and its direct impact on reaction extent specifically, are usually neglected. From this end, the present work focuses on the elucidation of the effect of light intensity and wavelength spectra in the visible light region during the photoreduction reaction of formic acid using graphene oxide as a promising catalyst. By using formic acid, one of the main intermediaries in the photoreduction of carbon dioxide, the possibility of methanol production is evaluated without the thermodynamic constraints presented by carbon dioxide. A graphene oxide material, synthetized through a modified Hummer’s method, is assessed for the reduction of formic acid evaluating four different light sources (red, green, blue and white). An analysis of energy balances in the reaction set-up allows the determination of both the energy absorbed by the GO photocatalyst and isoactinity conditions at studied radiative operating conditions. At an isoactinity environment, the adsorption rate of formic acid and production rate of methanol are then evaluated, relating them to the absorbed energy achieved at the wavelength spectra and light intensities evaluated; IR spectroscopy is utilized to follow formic acid concentration as well as methanol production. The largest initial reaction rate (ca. 57%) relates to the use of the red wavelength at its largest intensity. Reaction rates at larger times start to be apparent being affected by adsorption, reaction and radiation conditions. The maximum conversion, 14%, is attained by using the white wavelength spectra at its lowest intensity. Thus, higher intensities will not necessarily yield higher conversions, nor the highest reaction rates. This, in turn, poses the necessity of quick, reliable assessments for whichever catalyst used in this type of reactions that leads to the correct election of operating conditions that maximize the product yield. Independent evaluation for every wavelength within the visible spectra and assessing carbon dioxide photoreduction are future steps into the elucidation of solar fuel production feasibility.
Approximating morphological operators with part-based representations learned by asymmetric auto-encoders
Authors: Blusseau Samy , Ponchon Bastien , Velasco-Forero Santiago , Angulo Jesús , Bloch Isabelle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of building a part-based representation of a dataset of images. More precisely, we look for a non-negative, sparse decomposition of the images on a reduced set of atoms, in order to unveil a morphological and explainable structure of the data. Additionally, we want this decomposition to be computed online for any new sample that is not part of the initial dataset. Therefore, our solution relies on a sparse, non-negative auto-encoder, where the encoder is deep (for accuracy) and the decoder shallow (for explainability). This method compares favorably to the state-of-the-art online methods on two benchmark datasets (MNIST and Fashion MNIST) and on a hyperspectral image, according to classical evaluation measures and to a new one we introduce, based on the equivariance of the representation to morphological operators.
Impact of Brexit on voting power in Council of the European Union
Authors: Gábor Jakub 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe United Kingdom has left the European Union on 31 January 2020. Discussions that preceded such a move were conducted in three dimensions: they pertained a post-Brexit relationship between the UK and EU, future conduct within the UK and the one within the EU. Whilst public discourse has been dominated by the first two, this paper approaches the third one – on how Brexit has affected relationships between remaining 27 EU Member States. Stemming from the calculation of Banzhaf indices, it assesses the impact of Brexit on the voting power of remaining Member States in the Council of the EU – arguably the most important body within the EU institutional architecture – and identifies which countries are going to record the most significant gains and losses in this respect.
Representation of Black History in Archives: A Collection-Centered Quantitative Analysis of the Billups-Garth Archive
Authors: Mastley Carrie P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis pilot study presents a collection-centered quantitative analysis of Black history resources available at the Billups-Garth Archive in Columbus, Mississippi. The Archive’s inventory lists for its record series and control files for its manuscript collections were assessed in order to determine the percentage of extant Black history resources in relation to the collection’s total holdings. Relevant collections were then evaluated to determine their mediums, subjects, and provenance. The results showed a dearth of collections related to Black history and indicated that very few were created by the Black community. Results also showed that most relevant resources were made up of textual documents as well as documents relating to everyday life and education. Overall, this study demonstrates how collection analyses may be undertaken to identify collection biases and collection deficiencies, especially deficiencies in representing the histories of marginalized communities.
COVID-19 and Conflict: Major Risks and Policy Responses
Authors: Rohner Dominic 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic entails a medium- and long-run risk of heightened political conflict. In this short essay we distinguish four major consequences of COVID-19 that may fuel social tensions and political violence, namely i) spiking poverty, ii) education under stress, iii) potential for repression, and iv) reduced inter-dependence. After discussing them in turn, we will formulate policy recommendations on how to attenuate these risks.
Evaluation of localized heat transfer coefficient for induction heating apparatus by thermal fluid analysis based on the HSMAC method
Authors: Namiki Satoshi , Iino Tomoya , Okamoto Yoshifumi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the development of electrical machines for achieving higher performance and smaller size, heat generation in electrical machines has also increased. Consequently, the temperature rise in electrical machines causes unexpected heating of components and makes it difficult to operate properly. Therefore, in the development of electrical machines, the accurate evaluation of temperature increase is important. In the thermal design of electrical machines, heat-conduction analysis using the heat-transfer boundary set on the surface of a heated target has been frequently performed. However, because the heat-transfer coefficient is dependent on various factors, it is often determined based on experimental or numerical simulation results. Therefore, setting the heat-transfer coefficient to a constant value for the surface of the heated target degrades the analysis accuracy because the actual phenomenon cannot be modeled. To enhance the accuracy of the heat-transfer coefficient, the coupled electromagnetic field with heat-conduction analysis finite element method (FEM), thermal-fluid analysis using FEM, and the highly simplified marker and cell method is applied to the estimation of the distribution of the heat-transfer coefficient. Moreover, to accurately calculate the localized heat-transfer coefficient, the temperature distribution and flow velocity distribution around the heated target are analyzed in the induction-heating apparatus.
Study on Sintering of Artificially Oxidized Steel Compacts
Authors: Gierl-Mayer C. , Stepan T. , Sun J. , Danninger H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sintering of Cr-prealloyed PM steels requires atmospheres with good quality – low oxygen potential – to achieve satisfactory sintering results. But during heating even the best atmospheres may be oxidizing, the system turns to reducing conditions only at high temperatures, which can be monitored by thermal analysis. During the dewaxing process, oxidizing conditions are favourable for effective dewaxing without sooting and blistering. However, this may result in some oxygen pickup during heating, and then the final properties of the produced parts may be strongly influenced by this intermediate oxidation. This study demonstrates the behaviour of artificially oxidized steels (Fe-C and Fe3Cr-0.5Mo-C) during the sintering process by stepwise sintering. Iron and steel powder were slightly oxidized and then pressed and sintered at different temperatures. In parallel, as a second approach, pressed samples were oxidized and then sintered. Density, hardness and impact energy were measured and dilatometry/MS was used for online monitoring of the sintering process. The starting oxygen content of 0.20 to 0.30 wt% is high enough to change the sintering behaviour of the materials, but still leads to rather good properties. Thermal analysis showed that most of the oxygen picked up was present as iron oxides on the surface which were reduced by hydrogen at rather low temperatures, confirming that these were iron oxides, which also holds for the Cr-prealloyed variant. The biggest influence on the final performance was exerted by the final carbon content and the microstructural development of the material.
Experimental Investigations on Impact Toughness and Shear Strength of Novel Lead Free Solder Alloy Sn-1Cu-1Ni-XAg
Authors: Jayesh S , Elias Jacob 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lead is known to be banned in alloy making, highlighting toxicity concerns and environmental legislations. Researchers and scholars around the globe were in immediate search of new lead free solder alloys which could potentially replace the old Sn-Pb alloy. In this comprehensive study, shear strength and impact toughness tests were conducted on Sn-1Cu-1Ni when different amounts of Ag (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 1 % by wt.) is added. Shear strength test is tested using micro force test system. Impact toughness test is analyzed using Charpy impact test set up by calculating the energy difference before and after impact. The study reveals that, Ultimate shear stress increased from 19 MPa to 21.3 MPa. Yield strength increased from 27.4 MPa to 29.7 Mpa. Impact toughness of the alloys increased from 9.4 J to 10.1 J. Thus, Sn-1Cu-1Ni-1Ag is found to have improved shear strength and impact toughness than Sn-1Cu-1Ni.
COVID-19 und Reglementierung von Berufen – gibt es auch Lichtblicke?
Authors: Frohn Martin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Covid-19 crisis has had a severe impact on society and the economy. Some countries reacted with regulatory relaxations to cope with the crisis and digitisation of services provided possibilities to maintain service activities during the general lockdown measures. It became even more apparent that regulating access to and exercise of professional activities can have negative effects on adaptability of businesses and development of new and innovative business models. The recent adoption of an EU directive on a proportionality test, obliging Member States to carry out a thorough assessment of the effects of regulation before its adoption, provides guidance and a toolbox to ensure monitoring and adaptation of regulatory frameworks in view of developments such as those we have witnessed very recently. Regulatory trends in Member States and in particular in Germany go in opposite directions: While tightening of access requirements in craft professions, the German government considers significant reforms in legal services. In particular as regards the tightening of restrictions, it is expected that the EU directive on a proportionality test will lead to more sound and fact-based regulatory decisions.
The Images and The Struggle of The 2018 Central-Java Local Government Election Reporting Meaning in Online Media
Authors: Parwaningtiyas Anung Anindita , Mardikantoro Hari Bakti , Joko Santoso Bernadus Wahyudi 
Published: August 2020

The role of online media is really essential in society because it fosters and encourages the public opinion. Therefore, online media could be the most effective interest mean to achieve certain massive purposes, including the reports of certain actor's images. It allows social actor's images to not being reported objectively but instead processed and managed. Thus, it could be said there is a correlation between the language and the domination in the discourse practice to create ideologies with certain purposes. The point, the mass media has its specific powers to control its information display so its neutrality in the mass media is doubtful. So as this research, the images of social actor’s images, the candidate of Central-Java election 2018, become the focused problems to analyze by Theo van Leeuwen theory. The data sample was obtained from the report discourse in online mass media, such as Kumparan.com, Tribunnews.com, and Sindonews.com about the Central-Java Election 2018, from April-June 2018. The analysis was based on the deletion strategy in which covered suppression and backgrounding. The results showed that Kumparan.com tended to apply suppression in merging the social actors, Ganjar Pranowo-Taj Yasin and backgrounding in the form of a phrase “politikus PDIP, mantan anggota DPR RI yang diperiksa KPK”. (The PDIP politician, the ex of the House whom is investigated by Corruption Eradication Comission). Meanwhile, Tribunnews.com applied backgrounding in the form of “sang petahana” or “incumbent”, meanwhile Sindonews.com did not either put certain social actors in advantage nor marginalize them.
Effect of Salt Stress on Mutation and Genetic Architecture for Fitness Components inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kozela Christopher , Johnston Mark O 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMutations shape genetic architecture and thus influence the evolvability, adaptation and diversification of populations. Mutations may have different and even opposite effects on separate fitness components, and their rate of origin, distribution of effects and variance-covariance structure may depend on environmental quality. We performed an approximately 1,500-generation mutation-accumulation (MA) study in diploids of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stressful (high-salt) and normal environments (50 lines each) to investigate the rate of input of mutational variation (Vm) as well as the mutation rate and distribution of effects on diploid and haploid fitness components, assayed in the normal environment. All four fitness components in both MA treatments exhibited statistically significant mutational variance and mutational heritability. Compared to normal-MA, salt stress increased the mutational variance in growth rate by more than sevenfold in haploids derived from the MA lines. This increase was not detected in diploid growth rate, suggesting masking of mutations in the heterozygous state. The genetic architecture arising from mutation (M-matrix) differed between normal and salt conditions. Salt stress also increased environmental variance in three fitness components, consistent with a reduction in canalization. Maximum-likelihood analysis indicated that stress increased the genomic mutation rate by approximately twofold for maximal growth rate and sporulation rate in diploids and for viability in haploids, and by tenfold for maximal growth rate in haploids, but large confidence intervals precluded distinguishing these values between MA environments. We discuss correlations between fitness components in diploids and haploids and compare the correlations between the two MA environmental treatments.
Machine Learning To Predict Serious Bacterial Infections in Young Febrile Infants
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Horvat Christopher M. , Yanamala Naveena , Alpern Elizabeth R. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:Recent decision rules for the management of febrile infants support the identification of infants at higher risk of serious bacterial infections (SBIs) without the performance of routine lumbar puncture. We derive and validate a model to identify febrile infants ≤60 days of age at low risk for SBIs using supervised machine learning approaches.METHODS:We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective study performed between December 2008 and May 2013 of febrile infants. Our outcome was SBI, (culture-positive urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and/or bacterial meningitis). We developed and validated 4 supervised learning models: logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and a single-hidden layer neural network.RESULTS:A total of 1470 patients were included (1014 &gt;28 days old). One hundred thirty-eight (9.3%) had SBIs (122 urinary tract infections, 20 bacteremia, and 8 meningitis; 11 with concurrent SBIs). Using 4 features (urinalysis, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and procalcitonin), we demonstrated with the random forest model the highest specificity (74.9, 95% confidence interval: 71.5%–78.2%) with a sensitivity of 98.6% (95% confidence interval: 92.2%–100.0%) in the validation cohort. One patient with bacteremia was misclassified. Among 1240 patients who received a lumbar puncture, this model could have prevented 849 (68.5%) such procedures.CONCLUSIONS:We derived and internally validated a supervised learning model for the risk-stratification of febrile infants. Although computationally complex, lacking parameter cutoffs, and in need of external validation, this strategy may allow for reductions in unnecessary procedures, hospitalizations, and antibiotics while maintaining excellent sensitivity.