bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of intradialytic exercise on cardiopulmonary capacity in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Andrade Francini Porcher , Rezende Patrícia de Souza , Ferreira Tatiane de Souza , Borba Gabrielle Costa , Müller Alice Mânica , Rovedder Paula Maria Eidt 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease show poorer functional and cardiorespiratory capacity than healthy individuals, and these impairments result in sedentarism. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on the effects of different intradialytic exercise protocols on cardiopulmonary capacity in chronic kidney disease patients. The primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and the secondary outcomes were exercise duration and ventilation in the cardiopulmonary test. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE guidelines. Seven studies with a total of 124 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the non-exercise group, the exercise group improved in mean VO2peak (MD 4.06 [IC 0.81; 7.31]). In a separate analysis according to exercise modality, aerobic exercise plus strength training performed better than aerobic exercise alone (MD 5.28 [IC 3.90; 6.66]). In the exercise group, both exercise tolerance values (MD 3.10 [IC 1.70; 4.51]) and ventilation values in the cardiopulmonary test were better than those of the control group (MD 13.10 [IC 7.12; 19.09]). Thus, intradialytic exercise protocols can improve cardiopulmonary function, exercise tolerance and ventilatory efficiency in chronic kidney disease patients.
AI-powered transmitted light microscopy for functional analysis of live cells
Authors: Kim Dongyoung , Min Yoohong , Oh Jung Min , Cho Yoon-Kyoung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransmitted light microscopy can readily visualize the morphology of living cells. Here, we introduce artificial-intelligence-powered transmitted light microscopy (AIM) for subcellular structure identification and labeling-free functional analysis of live cells. AIM provides accurate images of subcellular organelles; allows identification of cellular and functional characteristics (cell type, viability, and maturation stage); and facilitates live cell tracking and multimodality analysis of immune cells in their native form without labeling.
Brain targeting of 9c,11t-Conjugated Linoleic Acid, a natural calpain inhibitor, preserves memory and reduces Aβ and P25 accumulation in 5XFAD mice
Authors: Binyamin Orli , Nitzan Keren , Frid Kati , Ungar Yael , Rosenmann Hanna , Gabizon Ruth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeregulation of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) by binding to the activated calpain product p25, is associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), a calpain inhibitor, is a metabolite of Punicic Acid (PA), the main component of Pomegranate seed oil (PSO). We have shown recently that long-term administration of Nano-PSO, a nanodroplet formulation of PSO, delays mitochondrial damage and disease advance in a mouse model of genetic Creutzfeldt Jacob disease (CJD). In this project, we first demonstrated that treatment of mice with Nano-PSO, but not with natural PSO, results in the accumulation of CLA in their brains. Next, we tested the cognitive, biochemical and pathological effects of long-term administration of Nano-PSO to 5XFAD mice, modeling for Alzheimer’s disease. We show that Nano-PSO treatment prevented age-related cognitive deterioration and mitochondrial oxidative damage in 5XFAD mice. Also, brains of the Nano-PSO treated mice presented reduced accumulation of Aβ and of p25, a calpain product, and increased expression of COX IV-1, a key mitochondrial enzyme. We conclude that administration of Nano-PSO results in the brain targeting of CLA, and suggest that this treatment may prevent/delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and CJD.
Phonomotor Versus Semantic Feature Analysis Treatment for Anomia in 58 Persons With Aphasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kendall Diane L. , Moldestad Megan Oelke , Allen Wesley , Torrence Janaki , Nadeau Stephen E. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The ultimate goal of anomia treatment should be to achieve gains in exemplars trained in the therapy session, as well as generalization to untrained exemplars and contexts. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of phonomotor treatment, a treatment focusing on enhancement of phonological sequence knowledge, against semantic feature analysis (SFA), a lexical-semantic therapy that focuses on enhancement of semantic knowledge and is well known and commonly used to treat anomia in aphasia.

Method
In a between-groups randomized controlled trial, 58 persons with aphasia characterized by anomia and phonological dysfunction were randomized to receive 56–60 hr of intensively delivered treatment over 6 weeks with testing pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment termination.

Results

There was no significant between-groups difference on the primary outcome measure (untrained nouns phonologically and semantically unrelated to each treatment) at 3 months posttreatment. Significant within-group immediately posttreatment acquisition effects for confrontation naming and response latency were observed for both groups. Treatment-specific generalization effects for confrontation naming were observed for both groups immediately and 3 months posttreatment; a significant decrease in response latency was observed at both time points for the SFA group only. Finally, significant within-group differences on the Comprehensive Aphasia Test–Disability Questionnaire (
Swinburn, Porter, & Howard, 2004
) were observed both immediately and 3 months posttreatment for the SFA group, and significant within-group differences on the Functional Outcome Questionnaire (
Glueckauf et al., 2003
) were found for both treatment groups 3 months posttreatment.

Discussion
Our results are consistent with those of prior studies that have shown that SFA treatment and phonomotor treatment generalize to untrained words that share features (semantic or phonological sequence, respectively) with the training set. However, they show that there is no significant generalization to untrained words that do not share semantic features or phonological sequence features.
Ethical Decision Making: Coding and Compliance Dilemmas for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Nikjeh Dee Adams 
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are nationally credentialed health care professionals with the responsibility to conduct clinical activities and business operations ethically, legally, and with a high level of integrity. What are the ethical and legal responsibilities of being a credentialed professional? This clinical focus article provides an overview of relevant federal laws that govern waste, abuse, and fraudulent billing behaviors and highlights some of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's professional policies that characterize speech-language pathology practice standards, govern professional integrity, and guide ethical decision making. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's 2018 document,
Issues in Ethics: Misrepresentation of Services for Insurance Reimbursement, Funding, or Private Payment
, will be applied to professional coding and compliance dilemmas unique to SLPs who provide and bill for behavioral and qualitative evaluations, instrumental assessments, and therapeutic intervention for individuals with voice and upper airway disorders.

Conclusion
Every practicing SLP has the professional and ethical responsibility to seek the latest information on payment systems, coding changes, and reimbursement updates regardless of practice setting or the population served.
A Preliminary Study Examining Parent Perceptions and Practices in Heritage Language Transmission in Texas
Authors: Taliancich-Klinger Casey L. , Gonzalez Kendra 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this project was to explore characteristics impacting the transmission of a heritage language from a parent to a child from the parent's perspective to better understand challenges that families may face when trying to pass on a heritage language to their children.MethodIn this pilot study, 14 interviews were conducted with individuals who reported they were currently raising or had raised at least 1 child to be able to speak about language transfer practices and beliefs. Participants were interviewed regarding their own language use and proficiency. Participants were asked questions pertaining to their attitudes and their children's attitudes toward their home language. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for emergent themes related to language transmission and challenges to passing down the heritage language to their child.ResultsCommon themes that emerged related to parents passing down their heritage language included the community the families resided in and the parent's proficiency level.ConclusionIt is important for educators and clinicians to understand how a parent's decision to pass down their language may be impacted by how much community support they experience and how proficient parents are in their heritage language. Implications of these results for educators and caretakers are discussed.
Evaluation of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity of Carissa carandas L. Fruits at Three Different Stages of Maturation
Authors: Saher Shabnam , Narnawre Smita , Patil Jayshree 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInflammation plays an important role in various diseases with high prevalence within populations such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcer, atherosclerosis and asthma. Many drugs are available in the market for inflammatory diseases but they exhibit several unwanted side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments with safer compounds are needed. The plant Carissa carandas L. plant is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases. Hence to validate its traditional use, the present study has envisaged screening different solvents extract of Carissa carandas fruit for their phytochemical and pharmacological activity especially the anti-inflammatory activity of the fruits at 3 different stages of maturation. The n-hexane and chloroform extracts of immature, mature and ripe fruits showed positive tests for steroids and triterpenoids, whereas acetone extract showed positive tests for steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, sugar, saponins except for triterpenoids in immature fruits. The hydroalcoholic extract showed presence of alkaloids, tannins, sugars, saponin and flavonoids. The highest concentration of phenol, flavonoids and ascorbic acid were found to be more in acetone extract of mature fruits and of carbohydrates in ripe fruits. The hydroalcoholic extract also exhibited similar pattern. The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by using different models like carrageenan induced paw edema in Wistar rats and cotton pellets induced granuloma. There was a consistent increase in % inhibition of inflammation at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg up to 3 h. The highest activity was at 3 h with 200 mg/kg dose. Thus the present work has clearly proved that the acetone extract of mature fruits have considerable anti-inflammatory activity.
Coca-Cola®-Lyse eines Dünndarmileus durch intestinalen Phytobezoar
Authors: Wagner Olga , Markoff Stefan , Schmidt Vera , Petzhold Robert , Barz Robert 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungPrimäre intestinale Bezoare sind sehr seltene Passagehindernisse. Die Therapiemöglichkeiten sind chirurgische Resektion, Enzymbehandlung, endoskopische Intervention und Coca-Cola®-Lyse. In der Literatur wird zwar viel über eine erfolgreiche Coca-Cola®-Lyse berichtet, nur wenig jedoch bezüglich Dünndarmobstruktion durch Bezoare. In unserem Fall war weder die chirurgische noch die endoskopische Resektion möglich, weshalb wir uns für eine Coca-Cola®-Lyse entschieden.
Automatisierte Zuordnung von ICD- und Alpha-ID-Codes zu „Real-World“-Arztbriefdiagnosen durch die „word2vec“-Methode
Authors: Böhringer Daniel , Lang Stefan J. , Daniel Moritz Claudius , Lapp Thabo , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Für eine wissenschaftliche Auswertung von Arztbriefen bedarf es aufgrund unterschiedlicher Terminologien und dem häufigen Gebrauch von Synonymen der Transformation in ein normiertes Codesystem wie bspw. ICD-10 oder Alpha-ID. Das sog. „Word Vector Embedding“ erscheint für die Generierung des dafür erforderlichen Thesaurus geeignet, da hierüber – nach geeignetem Training des zugrunde liegenden neuronalen Netzwerkes – synonyme Diagnosen unabhängig von der Schreibweise automatisch identifiziert werden können.
Methoden Es wurden alle Arztbriefe von insgesamt 50 000 Patienten anonymisiert extrahiert. Diagnosen, die aus mehreren Wörtern bestehen, wurden mittels Phrasenerkennung in Einzelwörter verschmolzen und das „word2vec“-Modell auf dem Textkorpus von 352 Megabytes trainiert. Insgesamt 3742 Diagnosen bzw. ophthalmologische Interventionen wurden aus den Arztbriefen halbautomatisch extrahiert. Die ophthalmologischen ICD- und Alpha-ID-Codes wurden zusammen mit den offiziellen Beschreibungen von der Website des DIMDI heruntergeladen und die ophthalmologischen Diagnosen/Interventionen aus den Arztbriefen mit den jeweils im „word2vec“-Modell nächstgelegenen ICD- und Alpha-ID-Codes automatisiert verknüpft.
Ergebnisse Es wurden von „word2vec“-Modell 90% der Arztbriefdiagnosen den korrekten ICD-10-Codes zugeordnet. Auf Ebene der viel feiner aufgelösten Alpha-ID-Codes betrug die Quote korrekter Zuordnungen nur 76%. Die Interventionen wurden in 92% der korrekten Indikation zugewiesen. Als Fehlerquellen für inkorrekte oder fehlende Zuordnungen wurden seltene Erkrankungen, ungewöhnliche Bezeichnungen und Codedegeneration in der offiziellen DIMDI-Datei identifiziert.
Diskussion Aus „Real-World“-Arztbriefen und der offiziellen Alpha-ID-Datei und lässt sich mit der „word2vec“-Methode ein Diagnosenthesaurus generieren. Dieser könnte, eine geringfügige manuelle Überarbeitung vorausgesetzt, zukünftig für eine automatische Extraktion von Diagnosen aus Arztbriefen verwendet werden.
Kindesmisshandlung: interdisziplinärer Kinderschutz
Authors: Ewert Jo N. , Seifert Dragana 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit für das Thema Kindesmisshandlung hat in den letzten Jahren zu grundlegenden Veränderungen geführt. Das Bundeskinderschutzgesetz und die neue S3+-Kinderschutzleitlinie (KSL) der AWMF bieten effektive Mittel gegen den Missbrauch. Fundiertes Wissen über das klinische Bild, die beteiligten Akteure und die Gesetzeslage sind Voraussetzungen, um medizinischen Kinderschutz effektiv gestalten zu können.
Anstieg der Laienreanimationsrate in Deutschland geht mit vermehrter Telefonreanimation einher
Authors: Metelmann Bibiana , Metelmann Camilla , Schneider Lisa , Vollmer Marcus , Fischer Matthias , Bohn Andreas , Wnent Jan , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Brinkrolf Peter 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie In der vergangenen Dekade wurden Initiativen zur Erhöhung der Laienreanimationsrate ergriffen. Ist die Rate in den letzten 10 Jahren gestiegen? Ist dies assoziiert mit Veränderungen der Leitstellenleistung?
Methodik Analyse prähospitaler Daten des Deutschen Reanimationsregisters. Einschluss von Fällen aus 19 deutschen Standorten zwischen 2008 und 2017. Ausschluss von Herz-Kreislauf-Stillständen nach Eintreffen des Rettungsdienstes, in Arztpraxen oder Kliniken. Analyse mit Chi-Quadrat-Test und Clopper-Pearson-Konfidenzintervallen.
Ergebnisse Analysiert wurden die Daten von 22 555 Patienten. Die Laienreanimationsrate stieg von 23,4% im Jahr 2008 (606 von 2591, 95%-KI: 21,8 – 25,1%) auf 36,9% im Jahr 2017 (1014 von 2749, 95%-KI: 35,1 – 38,7%) (p < 0,001). Gleichzeitig stieg die telefonische Anleitung von 0,4% (11 von 2591, 95%-KI: 0,2 – 0,8%) auf 24,3% (670 von 2749, 95%-KI: 22,8 – 26,0%) (p < 0,001).
Schlussfolgerung Die Laienreanimationsrate stieg um mehr als 50% bei vermehrter Telefonreanimation und Laienschulung. Ein kausaler Zusammenhang lässt sich nicht belegen.
Protection of Curcumin against Streptozocin-Induced Pancreatic Cell Destruction in T2D Rats
Authors: Qihui Li , Shuntian Deng , Xin Zhou , Xiaoxia Yu , Zhongpei Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs a kind of traditional Chinese medicine extract, curcumin has been proven to be effective in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic islet β cells in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat model, although the underlying mechanism has not yet been clarified. To examine the effect of curcumin on inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic islet β cells, we established a type 2 diabetes rat model by feeding the animals a high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin. The curcumin was administered by intraperitoneal injection. The rat body weight, fasting blood glucose, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, and insulin tolerance tests were recorded and analyzed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for morphological analysis, and a TUNEL assay was performed to detect the apoptotic cells. The expression levels of proteins related to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were detected by Western blotting and ELISA. Curcumin administration significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and promoted recovery of pancreas function in type 2 diabetes rats. In curcumin-treated rats, the pancreatic tissue destruction and apoptosis index were reduced. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3, Bax, and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced, and Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase 2, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased. Curcumin inhibited the expression of phosphorylated JNK and NF-κB proteins to block the RAGE/JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results indicate that curcumin blocks the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB protein to inhibit this signaling pathway, thereby further inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic islet β cells. Curcumin has potential value for the treatment of diabetes.
Antidepressant Effects and Mechanisms of the Total Iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi on the Brain-Gut Axis
Authors: Wang Liwen , Sun Yong , Zhao Tingting , Li Yongbiao , Zhao Xiaoqin , Zhang Li , Wu Lanlan , Zhang Liudai , Zhang Tiane , Wei Guihua , Altamirano Alvin , Tong Yan , Yan Zhiyong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi is widely used in Chinese folk medicine and contains iridoids as important active ingredients. The brain-gut axis describes a complex bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Herein, we evaluated the antidepressant effects of total iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi (TIV) and preliminarily investigated the effects of gut microbiota on their antidepressant effects using a chronic, unpredictable mild-stress mouse model. Mice were given 5.7, 11.4, or 22.9 mg/kg TIV for 1 week. Fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg) served as a positive control. Body weight was measured, and behavioral tests including SPT and TST were applied. Colon pathology was assessed through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), substance P (SP) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hippocampus and colon were measured by ELISA. In addition, 16SrRNA gene sequencing was performed to explore changes in intestinal microbiota richness and diversity. Our results demonstrated that the model group showed significant depression-like behavior, while the fluoxetine group showed improved depression-like symptoms; after administration, TIV increased body weight, sucrose solution consumption, and ameliorated depression-like behaviors. The overall cell degeneration in colons also improved. In addition, TIV modulated the levels of 5-HT, NE, SP, and CRF expression in the hippocampus and colon. The diversity and richness of gut microbes increased compared to the model group. We therefore conclude that the antidepressant effects of TIV may be related to gut flora structures and regulation of 5-HT, NE, SP, and CRF in the brain and intestine.
Clinical Decision Making Using CTA in Conjoined, Bipedicled DIEP and SIEA for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Cho Min-Jeong , Haddock Nicholas T. , Teotia Sumeet S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Using a hemi-abdominal flap for unilateral breast reconstruction in patients may not be ideal due to paucity of abdominal tissue, presence of a lower abdominal midline scar, or a larger and/or ptotic contralateral native breast. Several algorithms exist to make these flaps successful, but all of them require an anastomosis sequence ultimately. In this study, we present our experience with the use of imaging to predict flap dominance and anastomosis sequence to make them consistently successful.
Methods Seventy-five consecutive conjoined, bipedicled abdominal composite free flaps for unilateral breast reconstruction were performed. Preoperative computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was obtained to depict the pattern of perforators, flap dominance, and feasibility for intraflap anastomosis. Patient demographics, type/weights of flaps, number of anastomoses, location of perforators, length/type of pedicles, and flap-related complications were reviewed.
Results Seventy-five patients underwent composite deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and/or superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps. There were 62 DIEP-DIEP flaps, 11 DIEP-SIEA flaps, and two SIEA-SIEA flaps. The mean age was 57 years with an average body mass index of 27 kg/m2 and flap weight of 1,054 g. Thirty-one patients underwent intraflap (41%) and 44 patients underwent crania/caudal anastomoses (59%). In comparison to bilateral DIEPs, the total number of perforators was significantly lower (2.9 vs. 3.8), and fat necrosis rate was lower (2.7 vs. 14.4%) as well.
Conclusion Guided by preoperative CTA imaging, we recommend the consistent use of these conjoined, bipedicled hemi-abdominal flaps for unilateral breast reconstruction, primarily those with delayed reconstruction and radiation deficits. Preoperative CTA imaging is crucial in directing perforator dissection to maximize overlapping perfusion zones and guide in performing anastomoses.