bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sommerfeld problem and inverse problem for the Helmholtz equation
Authors: Kalmenov T. S. , Kabanikhin S. I. , Les Aidana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study of a time-periodic solution of the multidimensional wave equation

∂
2

∂
⁡

t
2

⁢

u
~

-

Δ
x

⁢

u
~

=

f
~

⁢

(
x
,
t
)

{\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}\widetilde{u}-\Delta_{x}\widetilde{u}=%
\widetilde{f}(x,t)}

,

u
~

⁢

(
x
,
t
)

=

e

i
⁢
k
⁢
t

⁢
u
⁢

(
x
)

{\widetilde{u}(x,t)=e^{ikt}u(x)}

,
over the whole space

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

leads to the condition of the Sommerfeld radiation at infinity. This is a problem that describes the motion of scattering stationary waves from a source that is in a bounded area. The inverse problem of finding this source is equivalent to reducing the Sommerfeld problem to a boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation in a finite domain. Therefore, the Sommerfeld problem is a special inverse problem. It should be noted that in the work of Bezmenov [I. V. Bezmenov,
Transfer of Sommerfeld radiation conditions to an artificial boundary of the region based on the variational principle,
Sb. Math. 185 1995, 3, 3–24] approximate forms of such boundary conditions were found. In [T. S. Kalmenov and D. Suragan,
Transfer of Sommerfeld radiation conditions to the boundary of a limited area,
J. Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 52 2012, 6, 1063–1068], for a complex parameter λ, an explicit form of these boundary conditions was found through the boundary condition of the Helmholtz potential given by the integral in the finite domain Ω:

($*$)

u
⁢

(
x
,
λ
)

=

∫
Ω

ε
⁢

(

x
-
ξ

,
λ
)

⁢
ρ
⁢

(
ξ
,
λ
)

⁢

𝑑
ξ

u(x,\lambda)=\int_{\Omega}\varepsilon(x-\xi,\lambda)\rho(\xi,\lambda)\,d\xi{}

where

ε
⁢

(

x
-
ξ

,
λ
)

{\varepsilon(x-\xi,\lambda)}

are fundamental solutions of the Helmholtz equation,

-

Δ
x

⁢
ε
⁢

(
x
)

-

λ
⁢
ε

=

δ
⁢

(
x
)

,

-\Delta_{x}\varepsilon(x)-\lambda\varepsilon=\delta(x),

ρ
⁢

(
ξ
,
λ
)

{\rho(\xi,\lambda)}

is a density of the potential, λ is a complex number, and δ is the Dirac delta function.
These boundary conditions have the property that stationary waves coming from the region Ω to

∂
⁡
Ω

{\partial\Omega}

pass

∂
⁡
Ω

{\partial\Omega}

without reflection, i.e. are transparent boundary conditions.
In the present work, in the general case, in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

,

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

, we have proved the problem of reducing the Sommerfeld problem to a boundary value problem in a finite domain. Under the necessary conditions for the Helmholtz potential (

*

*

), its density

ρ
⁢

(
ξ
,
λ
)

{\rho(\xi,\lambda)}

has also been found.
Variational-hemivariational inverse problem for electro-elastic unilateral frictional contact problem
Authors: Baiz Othmane , Benaissa Hicham , Faiz Zakaria , El Moutawakil Driss 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the present paper, we study inverse problems for a class of nonlinear hemivariational inequalities. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution to inverse problems. Finally, we introduce an inverse problem for an electro-elastic frictional contact problem to illustrate our results.
Inverse problem with final overdetermination for time-fractional differential equation in a Banach space
Authors: Orlovsky Dmitry , Piskarev Sergey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider in a Banach space E the inverse problem

(

𝐃
t
α

⁢
u

)

⁢

(
t
)

=

A
⁢
u
⁢

(
t
)

+

ℱ
⁢

(
t
)

⁢
f

,

t
∈

[
0
,
T
]

,

u
⁢

(
0
)

=

u
0

,

u
⁢

(
T
)

=

u
T

,

0
<
α
<
1

(\mathbf{D}_{t}^{\alpha}u)(t)=Au(t)+\mathcal{F}(t)f,\quad t\in[0,T],u(0)=u^{0}%
,u(T)=u^{T},\,0<\alpha<1

with operator A, which generates the analytic and compact α-times
resolvent family

{

S
α

⁢

(
t
,
A
)

}

t
≥
0

{\{S_{\alpha}(t,A)\}_{t\geq 0}}

, the function

ℱ
⁢

(
⋅
)

∈

C
1

⁢

[
0
,
T
]

{\mathcal{F}(\,\cdot\,)\in C^{1}[0,T]}

and

u
0

,

u
T

∈

D
⁢

(
A
)

{u^{0},u^{T}\in D(A)}

are given and

f
∈
E

{f\in E}

is an unknown element. Under natural conditions
we have proved the Fredholm solvability of this problem. In the special case for a self-adjoint
operator A, the existence and uniqueness theorems for the solution of the inverse problem
are proved. The semidiscrete approximation theorem for this inverse problem is obtained.
The practice of imagery: a review of 25 Years of applied sport imagery recommendations
Authors: Ely Frank O. , Munroe-Chandler Krista J. , O Jenny , McCullagh Penny 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of the current study was to explore the development of practical imagery recommendations in sport over the past 25 years.

Methods
Empirical journal articles (n=500) were reviewed to identify those that explored imagery in sport, contained original data, and provided practical recommendations for imagery use in applied practice (n=94). Further, a thematic analysis was employed to determine general (i.e., categories of recommendations) and specific (i.e., suggestion for applied practice) recommendations.

Results
Seven distinct general recommendations were found for imagery use in sport with a variety of specific recommendations intended for applied practice. Further, a number of specific recommendations were found repeatedly across time while others increased in complexity over time.

Conclusions
The results of the current study suggest that the literature on applied imagery use in sport is well-developed, however, concerns regarding the adoption of practical recommendations do exist. Future directions for applied imagery researchers are also forwarded.
Time of imagery’s effect on performance and self-efficacy in college baseball players
Authors: Haight Colton , Moritz Sandra , Walch Tanis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The relationships among the time of imagery use on performance and self-efficacy in college baseball players during a hitting task was examined. Participants (n=24) were randomly assigned to one of three imagery conditions: (a) before practice, (b) during practice, (c) after practice. A one-shot MG-M imagery intervention was used. Results from a 3 (imagery group) ×2 (pretest and posttest) repeated measures ANOVA showed only a significant time by imagery group interaction for self-efficacy (F (2, 21)=4.67, p<0.05). These findings suggest that imagery had a stronger psychological effect than physical effect.
Influence of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technique on the low earth orbit intersatellite systems performance
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , El-gammal Eman Mohsen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work discusses the effect of wavelength division multiplexing on performance of intersatellite link. Intersatellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) system is simulated by using OptiSystem software. Number of multiplexing channels involve on system performance. Bit rate is an operating parameter that determines the quality of the signal. Also, wavelength and distance between satellite transmitter and satellite receiver determine the system performance. In this article, the max Q factor, received power, and optical signal/noise ratio are the major leading performance parameters.
PAPR reduction scheme for optical OFDM techniques
Authors: Singh Ompal , Paulus Rajeev , Srivastava Rajiv 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In both optical wireless and optical fiber communication, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) plays an important role in data transmission. In the similar context, DC-coupled optical (DCO) OFDM and asymmetrically clipped optical (ACO) OFDM are discussed. DCO-OFDM has better peak to average power ratio (PAPR) but bit error rate (BER) performance is poor; however, in case of ACO-OFDM, PAPR is poor but BER performance is good. Moreover, DCO-OFDM is more power hungry; therefore, ACO-OFDM is considered as a preferred choice. Recently, asymmetrically clipped DC-biased optical (ADO)-OFDM is proposed, which shows good PAPR and BER performance. Clipping and µ-law companding techniques are discussed for PAPR reduction. The mathematical model is developed for all the three methods for received signal while considering clipping and companding noises along with channel noise. It is found that ADO-OFDM is better choice in comparison to DCO and ACO-OFDM. However, in case of ADO-OFDM, receiver structure is more complex.
Growth in achondroplasia, from birth to adulthood, analysed by the JPA-2 model
Authors: del Pino Mariana , Fano Virginia , Adamo Paula 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn general population, there are three phases in the human growth curve: infancy, childhood and puberty, with different main factors involved in their regulation and mathematical models to fit them. Achondroplasia children experience a fast decreasing growth during infancy and an “adolescent growth spurt”; however, there are no longitudinal studies that cover the analysis of the whole post-natal growth. Here we analyse the whole growth curve from infancy to adulthood applying the JPA-2 mathematical model.MethodsTwenty-seven patients, 17 girls and 10 boys with achondroplasia, who reached adult size, were included. Height growth data was collected from birth until adulthood. Individual growth curves were estimated by fitting the JPA-2 model to each individual’s height for age data.ResultsHeight growth velocity curves show that after a period of fast decreasing growth velocity since birth, with a mean of 9.7 cm/year at 1 year old, the growth velocity is stable in late preschool years, with a mean of 4.2 cm/year. In boys, age and peak height velocity in puberty were 13.75 years and 5.08 cm/year and reach a mean adult height of 130.52 cm. In girls, the age and peak height velocity in puberty were 11.1 years and 4.32 cm/year and reach a mean adult height of 119.2 cm.ConclusionsThe study of individual growth curves in achondroplasia children by the JPA-2 model shows the three periods, infancy, childhood and puberty, with a similar shape but lesser in magnitude than general population.
Impact of sodium phenylbutyrate treatment in acute management of maple syrup urine disease attacks: a single-center experience
Authors: Zubarioglu Tanyel , Dede Elif , Cigdem Humeyra , Kiykim Ertugrul , Cansever Mehmet S. , Aktuglu-Zeybek Cigdem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Accurate management of metabolic decompensation in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) has a crucial role, as acute attacks can cause neurological sequels and can be life threatening. Here, we aimed to evaluate effect of sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPBA) in acute management of MSUD attacks.

Methods
Episodes with an initial plasma leucine (Leu) level above 750 µmoL/L and that require hospitalization due to clinical findings of Leu neurotoxicity and/or feeding difficulties were included to the study. Patients who had no molecular diagnosis and a regular follow-up were excluded. Clinical findings, laboratory results and therapy responses were reviewed, retrospectively.

Results
Ten patients who experienced 19 distinct episodes of MSUD attacks were enrolled. Initial median Leu level was 901.67 (range 756–1989.11) and 33.9 µmoL/L (range 7.91–347.3 µmoL/L) at the end of therapy. None of our patients underwent extracorporeal toxin removal during the course of attack. In patients with serial plasma quantitative amino acid sampling, mean Leu reduction rate was calculated to be 529.68 ± 250.08 µmoL/L/day at the 24th h of treatment and 318.72 ± 191.52 µmoL/L/day at the 48th h of treatment.

Conclusions
This study is the first original study that investigates the effect of NaPBA in management of acute attacks of MSUD patients from Turkey. We suggest that NaPBA treatment in MSUD attacks can ameliorate clinical and biochemical findings. This therapeutic option should be considered especially in smaller centers without the toxin removal chance and for patients who were not appropriate for extracorporeal toxin removal like hemodynamic instability.
Ectopic ACTH production by thymic and appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors – two case reports
Authors: Moszczyńska Elżbieta , Pasternak-Pietrzak Katarzyna , Prokop-Piotrkowska Monika , Śliwińska Anna , Szymańska Sylwia , Szalecki Mieczysław 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic syndrome (EAS) causes approximately 10–18% of cases of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in adults, while in children it occurs much less frequently.

Case presentation
We report two cases of neuroendocrine tumors (of the thymus and the appendix) in a 12-year-old boy and a 15-year-old girl who presented with the clinical features of CS. Elevated serum cortisol, ACTH, and chromogranin levels were observed in both patients. Diagnoses were made on the basis of a mass in the thymus/appendix region visualized with chest/abdominal CT scan and radiotracer accumulation in scintigraphy in the same areas. Histopathological examinations confirmed the diagnoses of NET.

Conclusion
EAS is an extremely rare endocrine disorder. However, it should be taken into consideration in the diagnostic process of every case of ACTH-dependent CS.
Impact of lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic in Indian children and youth with type 1 diabetes from different socio-economic classes
Authors: Shah Nikhil , Karguppikar Madhura , Bhor Shital , Ladkat Dipali , Khadilkar Vaman , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In March 2020, lockdown was imposed in India to combat spread of Coronavirus, which was extended till 31st May. Implementation of lockdown and limited outdoor activities resulted in changes in routines of children with diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of lockdown on glycemic control, weight and body mass index (BMI) patterns of children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) from different socio-economic (SE) classes.

Methods
This observational study included 77 children and youth (5–20 years) with T1DM having disease duration of ≥6 months. Demographic data and investigations were recorded at two time points (post lockdown when the children came for follow up, pre lockdown data from medical records).

Results
Glycemic control improved (pre lockdown HbA1C 79.4±19.2 vs. post lockdown Hba1C 74.5±16.9 mmol/mol, p<0.05) and there was weight gain post lockdown (pre lockdown weight z-score −0.4±0.8 vs. post lockdown weight z-score −0.2±0.8, p<0.05) without any significant change in BMI and insulin requirements. Improved glycemic was seen in the lower SE group control post lockdown (p<0.05), whereas in higher SE group, it remained unchanged. Children whose parents were at home during lockdown showed an improved glycemic control (p<0.05) as compared to children whose parents continued to work during lockdown (p>0.01)

Conclusions
During coronavirus lockdown, glycemic control was adequately maintained in children with T1DM, highlighting importance of stronger family support system leading to more steady daily routine.
The current review of adolescent obesity: the role of genetic factors
Authors: Yılmaz Birsen , Gezmen Karadağ Makbule 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Obesity, a complex, multi-factor and heterogeneous condition, is thought to result from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Considering the result of adolescence obesity in adulthood, the role of genetic factors comes to the fore. Recently, many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted and many loci associated with adiposity have been identified. In adolescents, the strongest association with obesity has been found in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FTO gene. Besides FTO, GWAS showed consistent effects between variants in MC4R, TMEM18, TNNI3K, SEC16B, GNPDA2, POMC and obesity. However, these variants may not have similar effects for all ethnic groups. Although recently genetic factors are considered to contribute to obesity, relatively little is known about the specific loci related to obesity and the mechanisms by which they cause obesity.
Products Liability Law – Lessons from the Military and Industrial Contexts
Authors: Schachtman Nathan A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The policy bases for American products liability law have developed largely through a series of state court cases that involved products sold to ordinary consumers. These cases featured significant disparities between manufacturers and injured consumers in understanding latent risks from product use, and in their ability to avoid the risks and to absorb and to distribute the costs of the risks. The policy bases that appear cogent for consumer products fail to explain or justify the imposition of liability in many industrial settings, which involve military or industrial customers that are well aware of the products’ latent risks and that have moral, common law, statutory, and regulatory duties to ensure that the industrial products are used safely.
What Practitioners can Teach Academics About Tort Litigation – The Plaintiff’s Perspective in Medical Malpractice Litigation
Authors: Albro Thomas E. , Hendell Thomas M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although medical errors are a leading cause of injury and death in the United States, only a small fraction of claims result in litigation, and the number of paid claims continues to decline. There are many reasons for the relatively small number of medical errors that result in medical malpractice litigation, including the prohibitive cost of procuring medical experts, caps on recovery, the long timeline of a med mal case from intake to verdict or settlement, and the outsized success rate of defendant doctors at trial. This article explores all of these topics, as well as common causes of action and notable plaintiff types.
Serrated lesions of the colon and rectum: Emergent epidemiological data and molecular pathways
Authors: Sacco Michele , De Palma Fatima Domenica Elisa , Guadagno Elia , Giglio Mariano Cesare , Peltrini Roberto , Marra Ester , Manfreda Andrea , Amendola Alfonso , Cassese Gianluca , Dinuzzi Vincenza Paola , Pegoraro Francesca , Tropeano Francesca Paola , Luglio Gaetano , De Palma Giovanni Domenico 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In 2010, serrated polyps (SP) of the colon have been included in the WHO classification of digestive tumors. Since then a large corpus of evidence focusing on these lesions are available in the literature. This review aims to analyze the present data on the epidemiological and molecular aspects of SP. Hyperplastic polyps (HPs) are the most common subtype of SP (70–90%), with a minimal or null risk of malignant transformation, contrarily to sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), which represent 10–20% and 1% of adenomas, respectively. The malignant transformation, when occurs, is supported by a specific genetic pathway, known as the serrated-neoplasia pathway. The time needed for malignant transformation is not known, but it may occur rapidly in some lesions. Current evidence suggests that a detection rate of SP ≥15% should be expected in a population undergoing screening colonoscopy. There are no differences between primary colonoscopies and those carried out after positive occult fecal blood tests, as this screening test fails to identify SP, which rarely bleed. Genetic similarities between SP and interval cancers suggest that these cancers could arise from missed SP. Hence, the detection rate of serrated-lesions should be evaluated as a quality indicator of colonoscopy. There is a lack of high-quality longitudinal studies analyzing the long-term risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the cancer risk factors and molecular tissue biomarkers. Further studies are needed to define an evidence-based surveillance program after the removal of SP, which is currently suggested based on experts’ opinions.
Mobil, taktil und nah am Körper – Über den Gebrauch von Beuteln
Authors: Strohmaier Patricia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Medieval bags or pouches have survived mainly in church treasuries, preserved in reliquaries and altars. Usually made of silk, they vary considerably in form, colour, motif and size. Although most surviving pouches have been interpreted as containers for relics that were safely stored away in church treasuries, the form of a sewn bag was not mandatory for wrapping a relic to be placed inside a reliquary or an altar. Nor were all bags intended for ecclesiastical use, as is evident from the number of alms bags preserved in church treasuries. Through an analysis of textual sources and surviving items this article explores alternative uses of these highly tactile textiles that served as containers for valued personal belongings, either as an amulet while traveling, as a container of an individual’s relic donation to a church or even by means of theft. Worn close to the body, around the waist on a belt, around the neck and above or underneath garments, the softness and lightness of bags offered high comfort. Ornaments such as fringes, tassels or ribbons with beads invited wearers to touch it and play with it, thus deepening their engagement with the bag and its content.
Passive photonic diodes based on natural van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Li Jie , Du Lin , Huang Jing , He Yuan , Yi Jun , Miao Lili , Zhao Chujun , Wen Shuangchun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVan der Waals heterostructures are composed of stacked atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals to provide unprecedented functionalities and novel physics. Franckeite, a naturally occurring van der Waals heterostructure consisting of superimposed SnS2-like and PbS-like layers alternately, shows intriguing potential in versatile optoelectronic applications. Here, we have prepared the few-layer franckeite via liquid-phase exfoliation method and characterized its third-order nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics experimentally. We have found that the layered franckeite shows low saturable intensity, large modulation depth and picosecond ultrafast response. We have designed the passive photonic diodes based on the layered franckeite/C60cascaded film and suspension configuration and found that the passive photonic diodes exhibit stable nonreciprocal transmission of light. The experimental results show the excellent nonlinear optical performance and ultrafast response of the layered franckeite, which may make inroad for the cost effective and reliable high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Recent advances in fluorescence probes based on carbon dots for sensing and speciation of heavy metals
Authors: Li Pingjing , Li Sam F. Y. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution is a major global concern. Carbon dots (CDs) have demonstrated unique properties as sensing platforms for HMs detection. This review summarizes the progress made in recent years in fluorescence methods to determine HMs and their species using CDs. First, the strategies to synthesize and purify CDs are reviewed. The photoluminescence principles of CDs and their sensing mechanisms as HMs sensors are then summarized. The binding strategies between CDs and HMs are proposed to provide salient principles to design desirable CD-based HMs sensors. The preparation and merits of “turn-on” and ratiometric CDs for HMs detection with higher accuracy are discussed compared with commonly used “turn-off” sensors. Subsequently, the progress on detecting single HM ions, multi-HMs, and different metal species in solution, and the development of gel/solid-state sensor platforms such as paper-based devices, sensor arrays, hydrogels, polymer films, and ion-imprinted polymers are critically accessed. Furthermore, the advances in the cell, bacterial, plant, and animal bioimaging of HMs with CDs as promising bioimaging reagents are presented. Finally, the challenges and prospects of CDs as HMs sensors in future investigations are discussed.