bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patrones técnico-tácticos del lanzador y el portero en los penales de la liga española de fútbol durante la temporada 2016-17 mediante t-patterns y coordenadas polares
Authors: Prieto-Lage Iván , Artigues-Ribas Lluís , Gutiérrez-Santiago Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación es descubrir y analizar los patrones técnico-tácticos del lanzador y del portero en los penaltis (n=121) de la liga española de fútbol durante la temporada 2016-17. Para la realización de este estudio se han usado diferentes técnicas de análisis de común uso en la metodología observacional: análisis estadísticos con el SPSS, detección de T-Patterns con el Theme, y análisis de coordenadas polares con el HOISAN. Los resultados muestran una tendencia de los lanzadores a no realizar ningún movimiento previo al golpeo, mientras que los porteros tienden a realizar diferentes movimientos. Casi todos los penaltis se lanzan a la zona inferior y a los lados del portero. La mayoría de los lanzadores optan por una carrera larga. La mitad de las veces que el portero para el penalti lo hace de forma ilegal, porque se adelanta antes de que el lanzador golpee el balón.
The goal of this research is to discover and analyze the technical-tactical patterns of the attacker and the goalkeeper in the penalty shootouts (n=121) within the Spanish football league during the 2016-17 season. Different techniques of common analysis used in observational methodology were used to carry out this study: statistical analysis with the SPSS, T-Patterns detections with the Theme and the analysis of polar coordinates with the HOISAN software. The results show a tendency of the shooters where they don’t perform any movements before taking the shot, while the goalkeepers tend to perform different movements, although their behavior is different for the right-handed and left-handed players. Most of the shooters choose a long run. Half of the time, the goalkeeper stops the shot; he does it illegally because it anticipates the shoot from the shooter.
O objetivo desta investigação é descobrir e analisar os padrões técnico-táticos do arremessador e goleiro nos pênaltis (n = 121) da liga espanhola de futebol durante a temporada 2016-17. Diferentes técnicas de análise comumente usadas na metodologia observacional foram utilizadas para a realização deste estudo: análise estatística com o SPSS, detecção de padrões T com o tema e análise de coordenadas polares com o HOISAN. Os resultados mostram uma tendência dos arremessadores a não fazer nenhum movimento antes de bater, enquanto os goleiros tendem a fazer movimentos diferentes. Quase todas as penalidades são lançadas na zona inferior e nas laterais do goleiro. A maioria dos arremessadores opta por um longo prazo. Metade das vezes que o goleiro da penalidade é cometido ilegalmente, porque ele segue em frente antes do arremessador acertar a bola.
La promenade littéraire, un dispositif pour des lecteurs en mouvement
Authors: Bouvet Rachel 
Published: January 2020

Cet article propose de concevoir la promenade littéraire comme un dispositif pour mettre les lecteurs en mouvement. Se situant dans la continuité des traditions philosophique et mondaine, elle se distingue d’une simple promenade par un ensemble de caractéristiques, étudiées ici à partir d’une approche sémiotique. Afin de prendre en considération le large empan des pratiques existantes, un corpus diversifié est examiné, composé de six balades littéraires développées au Québec en milieu urbain, rural ou naturel. Ceci permet d’observer les différentes facettes du dispositif : son inscription dans le territoire, son support, ses composantes plastique, textuelle et sonore, son concepteur, le but poursuivi, etc. Si certaines promenades ont un but touristique ou artistique, d’autres adoptent une démarche géocritique, dans la mesure où elles rassemblent les textes écrits sur un lieu, ou encore une démarche géopoétique, cherchant à développer le lien sensible et intellectuel à la terre, à intensifier le rapport au monde.
Alternative splicing in tea plants was extensively triggered by drought, heat and their combined stresses
Authors: Ding Yiqian , Wang Yu , Qiu Chen , Qian Wenjun , Xie Hui , Ding Zhaotang 
Published: January 2020

Drought and heat stresses can influence the expressions of genes, and thereby affect the growth and development of plants. Alternative splicing (AS) of genes plays crucial roles through increasing transcriptome diversity in plant stress responses. Tea plants, widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics, are often simultaneously exposed to drought and heat stresses. In the present study, we performed a global transcriptome of tea leaves treated with drought, heat or their combination. In total, 19,019, 20,025 and 20,253 genes underwent AS in response to drought (DT), heat (HT) and their combined stress (HD), respectively, of which 12,178, 11,912 and 14,413 genes differentially spliced in response to DT, HT and HD, respectively. Also, 2,447 specific differentially spliced genes (DSGs) were found only in response to HD. All DSGs accounted for 48% of the annotated genes in tea tree genome. Comparison of DSGs and differentially expressive genes (DEGs) showed that the proportions of HT and HD-induced DSGs were 13.4% and 9.2%, while the proportion of DT increased to 28.1%. Moreover, the DEG-DSG overlapped genes tended to be enriched in a wide large of pathways in response to DT. The results indicated that the AS of genes in tea leaves was extensively triggered by drought, heat and their combined stresses. In addition, the AS enhanced the transcriptome adaption in response to drought and heat stresses, and the AS also provoked specific molecular functions in response to drought and heat synergy stress. The study might have practical significance for molecular genetic breeding of tea plants with stress resistance.
Continuous Flow Bioamination of Ketones in Organic Solvents at Controlled Water Activity using Immobilized ω‐Transaminases
Authors: Böhmer Wesley , Volkov Alexey , Engelmark Cassimjee Karim , Mutti Francesco G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCompared with biocatalysis in aqueous media, the use of enzymes in neat organic solvents enables increased solubility of hydrophobic substrates and can lead to more favorable thermodynamic equilibria, avoidance of possible hydrolytic side reactions and easier product recovery. ω‐Transaminases from Arthrobacter sp. (AsR−ωTA) and Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv−ωTA) were immobilized on controlled porosity glass metal‐ion affinity beads (EziG) and applied in neat organic solvents for the amination of 1‐phenoxypropan‐2‐one with 2‐propylamine. The reaction system was investigated in terms of type of carrier material, organic solvents and reaction temperature. Optimal conditions were found with more hydrophobic carrier materials and toluene as reaction solvent. The system's water activity (aw) was controlled via salt hydrate pairs during both the biocatalyst immobilization step and the progress of the reaction in different non‐polar solvents. Notably, the two immobilized ωTAs displayed different optimal values of aw, namely 0.7 for EziG3−AsR−ωTA and 0.2 for EziG3−Cv−ωTA. In general, high catalytic activity was observed in various organic solvents even when a high substrate concentration (450–550 mM) and only one equivalent of 2‐propylamine were applied. Under batch conditions, a chemical turnover (TTN) above 13000 was obtained over four subsequent reaction cycles with the same batch of EziG‐immobilized ωTA. Finally, the applicability of the immobilized biocatalyst in neat organic solvents was further demonstrated in a continuous flow packed‐bed reactor. The flow reactor showed excellent performance without observable loss of enzymatic catalytic activity over several days of operation. In general, ca. 70% conversion was obtained in 72 hours using a 1.82 mL flow reactor and toluene as flow solvent, thus affording a space‐time yield of 1.99 g L−1 h−1. Conversion reached above 90% when the reaction was run up to 120 hours.magnified image
Tandem Palladium Catalysis for Rapid Construction of 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles
Authors: Wang Weiyi , Yang Min , Han Dandan , He Qiuqin , Fan Renhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTandem catalysis, the use of a single catalyst to promote two or more mechanistically distinct cycles in one pot to assemble complex organic molecules, is an attractive target. In this paper, we report a reductant‐triggered tandem palladium catalysis process that rapidly assembles 3,4‐fused tricyclic indoles from three readily available starting materials. This tandem process involves a Pd0‐catalyzed in situ coupling/cyclization/Michael addition reaction to install simultaneously two functional groups at the C4 and the C3 positions of indoles. This is followed by a Pd0‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization which builds a seven‐membered C4, C3‐bridge. Sodium formate is used to trigger the necessary switching between the palladium catalysed reactions.magnified image
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Regiodivergent C−H Bond Functionalization of 1‐Naphthols with 1‐Azadienes
Authors: Zhang Chen , Cheng Yuyu , Li Fushuai , Luan Yepeng , Li Pengfei , Li Wenjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn organocatalyst‐controlled site‐selectivity switchable enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts reaction of unprotected 1‐naphthols has been established for the first time via the conjugate addition of 1‐azadienes. By two chiral complementary squaramide and phosphoric acid, both ortho‐ and para‐selective Friedel‐Crafts alkylations of 1‐naphthols were independently achieved with high efficiency and enantioselectivity. With this strategy, a wide range of optically active triarylmethanes have been achieved in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities.magnified image
Secular trend in age at menarche in women in Portugal born between 1920 and 1992: Results from three population‐based studies
Authors: Queiroga Ana C. , Silva Rita S. , Santos Ana C. , Maia Isabel , Barros Henrique 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesWorldwide data on age at menarche suggest a gradually earlier maturation, which is stabilizing in some societies. The interplay between socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors generates uncertainty about the current status and future trend of age at menarche in most societies. Therefore, we aimed to describe trends in age at menarche during the 20th century in Portugal.MethodsA sample of 11 274 women born between 1920 and 1992 in northern Portugal, recruited to participate in three population‐based cohorts (EPIPorto, EPITeen, and Generation XXI) was evaluated. Age at menarche across birth year categories was compared using ANOVA and the rate of change over time using linear regression.ResultsAge at menarche decreased with birth year (−31.1 days per 5 years; β = −.017, P < .001), women born before 1930 having a significantly higher age at menarche than those who were born after 1990 (mean (SD) = 13.1 (1.83) vs 12.0 (1.25), P < .001).ConclusionsThe decrease in age at menarche in northern Portugal suggests that a plateau is yet to be reached. Attention to time trends in age at menarche is relevant for health promotion since there is a possible relationship between pubertal timing and the later development of the metabolic syndrome.
Genotypes and estimated prevalence of phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency in Turkey differ significantly from those in Europe
Authors: Yıldız Yılmaz , Arslan Mutluay , Çelik Gökalp , Kasapkara Çiğdem Seher , Ceylaner Serdar , Dursun Ali , Sivri Hatice Serap , Coşkun Turgay , Tokatlı Ayşegül 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2‐CDG) is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder of glycosylation, characterized by multisystem phenotypes, mostly including neurological involvement. In Turkey, due to high rates of consanguinity, many patients with autosomal recessive disorders have homozygous variants and these diseases are more common, compared to Europe. However, published reports of PMM2‐CDG from Turkey are scarce. Here, we describe clinical and molecular characteristics of PMM2‐CDG patients diagnosed in three centers in Turkey, using data obtained retrospectively from hospital records. We also analyzed an in‐house exome database of 1,313 individuals for PMM2 variants and estimated allele, carrier and disease frequencies, using the Hardy–Weinberg law. Eleven patients were identified from 10 families, displaying similar characteristics to previous publications, with the exception of the first report of epilepsia partialis continua and increased prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss. p.Val231Met was the most common variant, and was homozygous in four patients. This novel genotype results in a neurological phenotype with subclinical visceral involvement. Exome database analysis showed an estimated prevalence of 1:286,726 for PMM2‐CDG, which is much lower than expected (1:20,000 in Europe) because of the lack of predominance of the common European p.Asp141His allele, associated with a severe phenotype (allele frequency of 1:2,622 compared to 1:252 in gnomAD). These data suggest that prevalence, phenotypes and genotypes of PMM2‐CDG in Turkey differ significantly from those in Europe: Milder phenotypes may be more common, but the disease itself rarer, requiring a higher clinical suspicion for diagnosis. The association of sensorineural hearing loss with PMM2‐CDG warrants further study.
Stable Pyrrole‐Linked Bioconjugates through Tetrazine‐Triggered Azanorbornadiene Fragmentation
Authors: Gil de Montes Enrique , Istrate Alena , Navo Claudio D. , Jiménez‐Moreno Ester , Hoyt Emily A. , Corzana Francisco , Robina Inmaculada , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , Moreno‐Vargas Antonio J. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn azanorbornadiene bromovinyl sulfone reagent for cysteine‐selective bioconjugation has been developed. Subsequent reaction with dipyridyl tetrazine leads to bond cleavage and formation of a pyrrole‐linked conjugate. The latter involves ligation of the tetrazine to the azanorbornadiene‐tagged protein through inverse electron demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition with subsequent double retro‐Diels–Alder reactions to form a stable pyrrole linkage. The sequence of site‐selective bioconjugation followed by bioorthogonal bond cleavage was efficiently employed for the labelling of three different proteins. This method benefits from easy preparation of these reagents, selectivity for cysteine, and stability after reaction with a commercial tetrazine, which has potential for the routine preparation of protein conjugates for chemical biology studies.
Catalytic Regioselective Isomerization of 2,2‐Disubstituted Oxetanes to Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Cabré Albert , Rafael Sergi , Sciortino Giuseppe , Ujaque Gregori , Verdaguer Xavier , Lledós Agustí , Riera Antoni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe selective isomerization of strained heterocyclic compounds is an important tool in organic synthesis. An unprecedented regioselective isomerization of 2,2‐disubstituted oxetanes into homoallylic alcohols is described. The use of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3), a commercially available Lewis acid was key to obtaining good yields and selectivities since other Lewis acids afforded mixtures of isomers and substantial polymerization. The reaction took place under exceptionally mild reaction conditions and very low catalyst loading (0.5 mol %). DFT calculations disclose the mechanistic features of the isomerization and account for the high selectivity displayed by the B(C6F5)3 catalyst. The synthetic applicability of the new reaction is demonstrated by the preparation of γ‐chiral alcohols using iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation.
Environment‐Recognizing DNA‐Computation Circuits for the Intracellular Transport of Molecular Payloads for mRNA Imaging
Authors: Wang Huihui , Peng Pai , Wang Qiwei , Du Yi , Tian Zhijin , Li Tao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProgramming intelligent DNA nanocarriers for the targeted transport of molecular payloads in living cells has attracted extensive attention. In vivo activation of these nanocarriers usually relies on external light irradiation. An interest is emerging in the automatic recognition of intracellular surroundings by nanocarriers and their in situ activation under the control of programmed DNA‐computation circuits. Herein, we report the integration of DNA circuits with framework nucleic acid (FNA) nanocarriers that consist of a truncated square pyramid (TSP) cage and a built‐in duplex cargo containing an antisense strand of the target mRNA. An i‐motif and ATP aptamer embedded in the TSP are employed as logic‐controlling units to respond to H+ and ATP inside cellular compartments, triggering the release of the sensing element for fluorescent mRNA imaging. Logic‐controlled FNA devices could be used to target drug delivery, enabling precise disease treatment.
High Ethylene Selectivity in Methanol‐to‐Olefin (MTO) Reaction over MOR‐Zeolite Nanosheets
Authors: Lu Kun , Huang Ju , Ren Li , Li Chao , Guan Yejun , Hu Bingwen , Xu Hao , Jiang Jingang , Ma Yanhang , Wu Peng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrecisely controlled crystal growth endows zeolites with special textural and catalytic properties. A nanosheet mordenite zeolite with a thickness of ca. 11 nm, named as MOR‐NS, has been prepared using a well‐designed gemini‐type amphiphilic surfactant as bifunctional structure‐directing agent (SDA). Its benzyl diquarternary ammonium cations structurally directed the formation of MOR topology, whereas the long and hydrophobic hexadecyl tailing group prevented the extensive crystal growth along b axis. This kind of orientated crystallization took place through the inorganic–organic interaction between silica species and SDA molecules present in the whole process. The thin MOR nanosheets, with highly exposed (010) planes and 8‐membered ring (MR) windows, exhibited a much improved ethylene selectivity (42.1 %) for methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) reactions when compared with conventional bulk MOR crystals (3.3 %).
Divergent Synthesis of Vinyl‐, Benzyl‐, and Borylsilanes: Aryl to Alkyl 1,5‐Palladium Migration/Coupling Sequences
Authors: Han Jie‐Lian , Qin Ying , Ju Cheng‐Wei , Zhao Dongbing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganosilicon compounds have been extensively utilized both in industry and academia. Studies on the syntheses of diverse organosilanes is highly appealing. Through‐space metal/hydrogen shifts allow functionalization of C−H bonds at a remote site, which are otherwise difficult to achieve. However, until now, an aryl to alkyl 1,5‐palladium migration process seems to have not been presented. Reported herein is the remote olefination, arylation, and borylation of a methyl group on silicon to access diverse vinyl‐, benzyl‐, and borylsilanes, constituting a unique C(sp3)−H transformation based on a 1,5‐palladium migration process.
Calixarene‐Based Supramolecular AIE Dots with Highly Inhibited Nonradiative Decay and Intersystem Crossing for Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Image‐Guided Cancer Surgery
Authors: Chen Chao , Ni Xiang , Tian Han‐Wen , Liu Qian , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Ding Dan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHost–guest complexation between calix[5]arene and aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) can significantly turn off both the energy dissipation pathways of intersystem crossing and thermal deactivation, enabling the absorbed excitation energy to mostly focus on fluorescence emission. The co‐assembly of calix[5]arene amphiphiles and AIEgens affords highly emissive supramolecular AIE nanodots thanks to their interaction severely restricting the intramolecular motion of AIEgens, which also show negligible generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. In vivo studies with a peritoneal carcinomatosis‐bearing mouse model indicate that such supramolecular AIE dots have rather low in vivo side toxicity and can serve as a superior fluorescent bioprobe for ultrasensitive fluorescence image‐guided cancer surgery.
EPR Distance Measurements on Long Non‐coding RNAs Empowered by Genetic Alphabet Expansion Transcription
Authors: Domnick Christof , Eggert Frank , Wuebben Christine , Bornewasser Lisa , Hagelueken Gregor , Schiemann Olav , Kath‐Schorr Stephanie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present herein a novel nitroxide spin label‐containing RNA triphosphate TPT3NO and its application for site‐specific spin‐labeling of RNA through in vitro transcription using an expanded genetic alphabet. Our strategy allows the facile preparation of spin‐labeled RNAs with sizes ranging from short RNA oligonucleotides to large, complex RNA molecules with over 370 nucleotides by standard in vitro transcription. As a proof of concept, inter‐spin distance distributions are measured by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in short self‐complementary RNA sequences and in a well‐studied 185 nucleotide non‐coding RNA, the B. subtilis glmS ribozyme. The approach is then applied to probe for the first time the folding of the 377 nucleotide A‐region of the long non‐coding RNA Xist, by PELDOR.
Biodegradable starch particles for controlled release applications: Swelling and leaching mechanisms
Authors: Dias Maia Juliana , Schmiele Marcio , Ubbink Job , Prata Ana Silvia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStarch‐extruded particles have only found infrequent use as delivery systems for active ingredients. We have previously shown that these particles are attractive for releasing hydrophobic compounds in water media. Here, we cover a range of amylose–amylopectin ratios and evaluate the presence of the thyme essential oil (TEO) as active compound to understand the dominant release mechanism in relation to the physicochemical properties of the starch matrices. Starch blends with high amylopectin content (1.8 and 15% amylose) could not be shaped into regular particles. For amylose contents higher than 28%, the equilibrium degree of swelling in water decreased with increasing amylose contents, from nearly 300% for an amylose content of 28–90% at an amylose content of 70%. For both lowest amylose contents, 1.8 and 15%, leaching of solids and disintegration of the particles resulted in a low apparent degree of swelling. The presence of TEO reduces the degree of swelling of the gelatinized starch matrix. This is explained by the formation of thymol–amylose complexes, which is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and X‐ray diffraction.
Highly robust and transparent flexible cover window films based on UV‐curable polysilsesquioxane nano sol
Authors: Kim Do‐Gwan , Jung Bokyung , Kim Kang‐Han , Cho Kuk Young , Jeong Yong‐Cheol 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlexible cover window films based on the ultraviolet‐curable polysilsesquioxane are prepared to have enhanced mechanical, optical properties, and bending performance. To figure out the factors determining those properties, post–treatment conditions are varied into the light source, temperature, and relative humidity. Then, the effect of such variables is examined in respect of surface hardness, yellow index (YI), and bending cycle reliability of flexible hard coating. Also, the effect of photoinitiator type in terms of their chemical structure is also investigated. Notably, the relative humidity and thermal treatment are more effective to enhance the mechanical properties rather than light exposure. Indeed, compared to that of reference condition, the cover windows treated with 99% relative humidity and thermal aging at 85°C exhibit improved surface hardness by 24.4 and 19.5%, respectively. However, only the relative humidity is rather effective to enhance the optical properties such as the YI by lowering to the most 2.6. The YI is also improved by varying the chemical structure of the photoinitiator. By virtue of post–treatment and a different photoinitiator, we could achieve flexible cover window films with bending reliability at bending radius of 3 mm for 100,000 cycles, showing good mechanical and optical properties simultaneously.