bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Convective Stage on Out-of-Cloud Convectively Induced Turbulence from High-Resolution Simulations
Authors: Barber Katelyn A. , Mullendore Gretchen L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTurbulence (clear-air, mountain wave, convectively induced) is an aviation hazard that is a challenge to forecast due to the coarse resolution ultilized in operational weather models. Turbulence indices are commonly used to aid pilots in avoiding turbulence, but these indices have been designed and calibrated for midlatitude clear-air turbulence prediction (e.g., the Ellrod index). A significant limitation with current convectively induced turbulence (CIT) prediction is the lack of storm stage dependency. In this study, six high-resolution simulations of tropical oceanic and midlatitude continental convection are performed to characterize the turbulent environment near various convective types during the developing and mature stages. Second-order structure functions, a diagnostic commonly used to identify turbulence in turbulence prediction systems, are used to characterize the probability of turbulence for various convective types. Turbulence likelihood was found to be independent of region (i.e., tropical vs midlatitude) but dependent on convective stage. The probability of turbulence increased near developing convection for the majority of cases. Additional analysis of static stability and vertical wind shear, indicators of turbulence potential, showed that the convective environment near developing convection was more favorable for turbulence production than mature convection. Near developing convection, static stability decreased and vertical wind shear increased. Vertical wind shear near mature and developing convection was found to be weakly correlated to turbulence intensity in both the tropics and the midlatitudes. This study emphasizes the need for turbulence avoidance guidelines for the aviation community that are dependent on convective stage.
Executive Function Training for Preschool Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shuai Lan , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Wei , Wilson Amanda , Wang Shanshan , Chen Runsen , Zhang Jinsong 
Published: September 2020

Objective: This randomized controlled study explored the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of executive function training (EFT) for preschool children with ADHD. Method: The current study design was an 8 week randomized parallel groups, single-blinded trial, using EFT-P. A total of 96 children with an ADHD diagnosis at age 4 to 5 years old were randomized into the intervention group and waitlist group. In the intervention group, 46 out of 50 participants completed the 8-week program, compared with 39 out of 46 in the waiting group. The level of ADHD symptoms and the executive function (EF) were evaluated by both neuropsychological tests from NEPSY Second Edition (NEPSY-II) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Preschool version (BRIEF-P). Results: The EFT is feasible to administer and is acceptable for preschool children, with a 93% retention rate. Results showed that following the intervention, the visual-motor precision ( p = .024), ADHD diagnostic state ( p = .01), and oppositional defiant symptoms ( p = .023) improved significantly in preschool children. However, the symptoms of ADHD and other EF evaluations were found to be insignificant. Conclusion: The EFT is feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective to reduce symptoms and improve EF for preschool children with ADHD. The next step is to extend the program time and provide more frequent practice of activities between the children and the therapist and/or parent, to improve the effectiveness.
Accuracy of a 14-Day Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System With Advanced Algorithm in Pediatric and Adult Population With Diabetes
Authors: Alva Shridhara , Bailey Timothy , Brazg Ronald , Budiman Erwin S. , Castorino Kristin , Christiansen Mark P. , Forlenza Gregory , Kipnes Mark , Liljenquist David R. , Liu Hanqing 
Published: September 2020

Background: In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance of the second-generation factory-calibrated FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring (FreeStyle Libre 2) System compared to plasma venous blood glucose reference, Yellow Springs Instrument 2300 (YSI). Methods: The study enrolled participants aged four and above with type 1 or type 2 diabetes at seven sites in the United States. Adult participants (18+ years) participated in three in-clinic sessions and pediatric participants (4-17 years) participated in up to two in-clinic sessions stratified to provide data for days 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, or 14 of sensor wear. Participants aged 11+ underwent supervised glycemic manipulation during in-clinic sessions to achieve glucose levels across the measurement range of the System. Performance evaluation included accuracy measures such as the proportion of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) values that were within ±20% or ±20 mg/dL of reference glucose values, and bias measures such as the mean absolute relative difference (MARD) between CGM and reference values. Results: Data from the 144 adults and 129 pediatric participants were analyzed. Percent of sensor results within ±20%/20 mg/dL of YSI reference were 93.2% and 92.1%, and MARD was 9.2% and 9.7% for the adults and pediatric participants, respectively. The System performed well in the hypoglycemic range, with 94.3% of the results for the adult population and 96.1% of the data for pediatric population being within 15 mg/dL of the YSI reference. The time lag was 2.4 ± 4.6 minutes for adults and 2.1 ± 5.0 minutes for pediatrics. Conclusions: The System demonstrated improved analytical accuracy performance across the dynamic range during the 14-day sensor wear period as compared to the previous-generation device. NCT#: NCT03607448 and NCT03820050
Sex-Specific Associations between Cartilage Structure and Metabolism at Rest and Acutely Following Walking and Drop-Landing
Authors: Harkey Matthew S. , Blackburn J. Troy , Hackney Anthony C. , Lewek Michael D. , Schmitz Randy J. , Pietrosimone Brian 
Published: September 2020

Objective Cartilage health is thought to be dependent on the relationship between mechanics, structure, and metabolism, rather than these individual components in isolation. Due to sex differences in cartilage health, there is need to determine if the relationships between these cartilage components separately for males and females. Therefore, we sought to determine the sex-specific associations between cartilage structure and metabolism at rest and their acute response following walking and drop-landing in healthy individuals. Design A cartilage ultrasound assessment and an ante-cubital blood draw were performed before and after walking and drop-landing conditions in 20 males and 20 females. Cartilage structure was assessed via medial and lateral femoral cartilage cross-sectional area. Cartilage metabolism was quantified with serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration. Percent change scores from pre- to postloading were used to calculate acute alterations in cross-sectional area and COMP. Correlational analyses were used to assess the association between cartilage structure and metabolism measures separately for males and females. Results In females, greater resting COMP concentration was associated with less cartilage cross-sectional area in the medial(ρ = −0.50, P = 0.03) and lateral (ρ = −0.69, P = 0.001) femur. Resting cartilage measures were not associated among males. Following walking and drop-landing, percent change scores in cartilage structure and metabolism were not associated. Conclusions This study highlights that, in females, thinner anterior femoral cartilage is associated with greater resting serum COMP concentrations, a biomarker often linked to cartilage breakdown. Future studies into the relationships between various cartilage components should consider sex-specific analyses as these relationships are sex dependent.
“Determining a Health-promoting Lifestyle among Afghan Immigrants Women in Iran”
Authors: Ahmadi Zahra , Amini Leila , Haghani Hamid 
Published: September 2020

Background Health-promoting lifestyle is an effective strategy for maintaining and controlling health, especially in immigrant women as a vulnerable group. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the health promoting lifestyle and its associated factors in Afghan migrant women in Iran. Method This was a population based cross-sectional study in which 255 Afghan women of reproductive age. The study population was selected using the continuous sampling method from all Afghan women who referred to health centers of southwest of Tehran in 2018. The data were collected through the socio-demographic and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) questionnaire. Results The total HPLP-II mean score of women was (124.05 ± 17.28). The lowest score was related to physical activity dimension (14.70 ± 3.78) and the highest score was related to spiritual growth (24.56 ± 5.06). Although some factors such as age, duration of education, income level, ability to speak Persian, education level of husband, and number of children significantly related factors to participant’s lifestyle ( P <.05), but multiple regression model showed that income level and ability to speak Persian are final statistically related factors to Afghan women health promoting lifestyle in Iran. Conclusion Familiarization of the individual with the Persian language and the promotion of employment status should be considered due to the low socio-economic level and the fact that most women participating in the study are housewives.
A nomogram based on glycomic biomarkers in serum and clinicopathological characteristics for evaluating the risk of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Qin Ruihuan , Chen Hao , Yang Yupeng , Qin Wenjun , Han Jing , Wang Xuefei , Ren Shifang , Sun Yihong , Gu Jianxin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) in gastric cancer (GC) remains an untreatable disease, and is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Here, we aim to establish a novel prediction model.

Methods
The clinicopathologic characteristics of a cohort that included 86 non-metastatic GC patients and 43 PMGC patients from Zhongshan Hospital were retrospectively analysed to identify PM associated variables. Additionally, mass spectrometry and glycomic analysis were applied in the same cohort to find glycomic biomarkers in serum for the diagnosis of PM. A nomogram was established based on the associations between potential risk variables and PM.

Results
Overexpression of 4 N-glycans (H6N5L1E1: m/z 2620.93; H5N5F1E2: m/z 2650.98; H6N5E2, m/z 2666.96; H6N5L1E2, m/z 2940.08); weight loss ≥ 5 kg; tumour size ≥ 3 cm; signet ring cell or mucinous adenocarcinoma histology type; poor differentiation; diffuse or mixed Lauren classification; increased CA19-9, CA125, and CA724 levels; decreased lymphocyte count, haemoglobin, albumin, and pre-albumin levels were identified to be associated with PM. A nomogram that integrated with five independent risk factors (weight loss ≥ 5 kg, CA19-9 ≥ 37 U/mL, CA125 ≥ 35 U/mL, lymphocyte count < 2.0 * 10 ~ 9/L, and H5N5F1E2 expression ≥ 0.0017) achieved a good performance for diagnosis (AUC: 0.892, 95% CI 0.829–0.954). When 160 was set as the cut-off threshold value, the proposed nomogram represented a perfectly discriminating power for both sensitivity (0.97) and specificity (0.88).

Conclusions
The nomogram achieved an individualized assessment of the risk of PM in GC patients; thus, the nomogram could be used to assist clinical decision-making before surgery.
Modeling the synergistic effects of toxicant mixtures
Authors: Liess Matthias , Henz Sebastian , Shahid Naeem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Toxicants often occur simultaneously. Some combinations show synergistic combined effects that go far beyond what is predicted with current effect models. Up until now, only the combined additive effects of similar acting chemicals have been assessed accurately, whereas the combined effects of dissimilar acting chemicals have been greatly underestimated in many cases.

Results
Here, we use the individual tri-phasic concentration–response relationship of two toxicants with different modes of action to model their combined synergistic effect on Daphnia magna. The novel stress addition approach (SA) predicted the combined effects (LC50) of different esfenvalerate and prochloraz combinations with an uncertainty factor of 2.8 at most, while the traditional effect addition (EA) and concentration addition (CA) approaches underestimated the combined effect by a factor of up to 150 and 660, respectively. Data of the single substance concentration–response relationships and on their combined effects enable to determine the degree of synergism. For the evaluation of the combined toxicant effect, we provide the approach as R package and as Indicate model (http://www.systemecology.eu/indicate/).

Conclusion
Adding stressors arithmetically, considering non-monotonic cause–effect relationships, is a decisive component in predicting the combined effects of multiple stressors within test systems. However, the extent of the synergistic effects that multiple stressors exert on populations within the ecosystem context is still highly controversial. Various processes are relevant at the ecosystem level, which are not considered in laboratory studies. However, the present work serves as a building block for understanding the effects of multiple stressors in the field.
Alemtuzumab-associated diffuse alveolar damage – a case report
Authors: Bayas Antonios , Menacher Martina , Schwaiblmair Martin , Märkl Bruno , Naumann Markus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Identifying causes of alemtuzumab induced respiratory symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients is crucial.

Case presentation
We report a case of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in a patient with MS after the first course of alemtuzumab treatment. A 42-year-old female developed progressive non-productive cough and exertional dyspnea 2 months after alemtuzumab treatment. DAD was diagnosed histopathologically by lung biopsy. The patient recovered completely, alemtuzumab was not continued.

Conclusions
Our case highlights another pathomechanism for non-infective lung-disorders in alemtuzumab treated MS patients. DAD is a potential, albeit rare side effect of alemtuzumab, broadening the spectrum of non-infective lung disorders that should be considered in the diagnostic work-up.
A donor twin discordant with Peters anomaly in a twin–twin transfusion syndrome case: a case report
Authors: Chang Yao-Lung , Chao An-Shine , Chou Ching-Yu , Chang Shuenn-Dyh , Chiang Ming-Chou , Lee Yung-Sung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Peters anomaly is a rare form of anterior segment ocular dysgenesis, the antenatal image of Peters anomaly had not been reported. We herein showcased a discordant finding of Peters anomaly in a monozygotic twin complicated with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and exhibited its antenatal sonographic images,

Case presentation
A 38-year-old gravida 2 para 1 pregnant woman visited our clinic at the gestational age of 18 weeks where TTTS stage III was diagnosed and the following laser therapy was done successfully. Ten days after the surgery, the follow-up ultrasound detected the opacity of both fetal eyeballs in the donor twin and thus congenital cataract was suspected initially. Then magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was arranged at the gestational age of 23 weeks, and no central nervous system or other anomaly was found. At the 29 weeks of gestation, the opacity of both fetal eyeballs of the donor twin did not clear. The pregnancy resulted in cesarean section at the gestational age of 37 weeks indicated by malpresentation where two male live births were born. Examination under anesthesia was arranged for donor twin after delivery and Peters anomaly was diagnosed based on central corneal opacity with iridocorneal and corneolenticular adhesions.

Conclusions
The prenatal image of Peters anomaly may present as the opacity of the fetal eyeballs similar to congenital cataract. Some cases of the Peters anomaly had been reported with a genetic abnormality, but since our case presented discordant presentation in monozygotic twin pregnancy where both twins are supposed to share the same genetic make-up, therefore other factors that are epigenetic may be held accountable. Nevertheless, a genetic origin of the anomaly in our case cannot be excluded.
High platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with poor prognosis in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma receiving gemcitabine plus cisplatin
Authors: Huh Gunn , Ryu Ji Kon , Chun Jung Won , Kim Joo Seong , Park Namyoung , Cho In Rae , Paik Woo Hyun , Lee Sang Hyub , Kim Yong-Tae 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral systemic inflammatory response (SIR) markers, including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), have emerged as prognostic markers in various cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of SIR markers on the survival outcomes of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) patients.MethodsPatients with histologically confirmed, unresectable IHC treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy in a single tertiary hospital from 2012 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and adjusted Cox-proportional-hazards analysis. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the performance of the SIR markers in predicting OS.ResultsA total of 137 patients received a median of six cycles (interquartile range [IQR], 3–11) of GP chemotherapy with a median observation time of 9.9 months (range, 1.8–54.7 months). The median PFS and OS of all patients were 7.8 months and 9.9 months, respectively. Among the SIR markers, high PLR (> 148) and high NLR (> 5) were associated with a short PFS (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.828,P = 0.006; HR 1.738,P = 0.030, respectively) and short OS (HR 2.332,P < 0.001; HR 2.273,P < 0.001, respectively). Low LMR (< 3.5) and low AGR (< 1.2) were associated with a short OS (HR 2.423,P < 0.001; HR 1.768,P = 0.002, respectively). In multivariable cox-regression analysis, high PLR (HR 1.766,P = 0.009) and distant lymph node (LN) metastasis (HR 2.085,P = 0.001) were associated with a short PFS. High PLR (HR 1.856,P = 0.002) was an independent predictor of a short OS, along with distant LN metastasis (HR 1.929;P < 0.001), low LMR (HR 1.691;P = 0.041), and low level of serum albumin (< 3.5 g/dL) (HR 1.632;P = 0.043). Time-dependent ROC analysis revealed that the area under the curve of PLR for predicting overall survival was greater than that of NLR, LMR, and AGR at most time points.ConclusionsHigh PLR was an independent prognostic factor of a short PFS and OS in patients with unresectable IHC receiving GP chemotherapy.
The role of CD28 in the prognosis of young lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Sun Dantong , Tian Lu , Bian Tiantian , Zhao Han , Tao Junyan , Feng Lizong , Liu Qiaoling , Hou Helei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The prognosis of lung cancer was found to be associated with a series of biomarkers related to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which can modulate the biological behaviors and consequent outcomes of lung cancer. Therefore, establishing a prognostic model based on the TIME for lung cancer patients, especially young patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), is urgently needed.

Methods
In all, 809 lung cancer patients from the TCGA database and 71 young patients with LUAD in our center were involved in this study. Univariate and multivariate analysis based on clinical characteristics and TIME-related expression patterns (as evaluated by IHC) were performed to estimate prognosis and were verified by prognostic nomograms.

Results
Both LUAD and lung cancer patients with high CD28 expression had shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.0011; P = 0.0001) but longer overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0282). TIME-related molecules combined with clinical information and genomic signatures could predict the prognosis of young patients with LUAD with robust efficiency and could be verified by the established nomogram based on the Cox regression model. In addition, CD28 expression was correlated with an abundance of lymphocytes and could modulate the TIME. Higher CD28 levels were observed in primary tumors than in metastatic tissues.

Conclusion
TIME-related molecules were identified as compelling biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of lung cancer, especially in a cohort of young patients. Furthermore, CD28, which is associated with poor DFS but long OS, might participate in the modulation of the TIME and has a different role in the prognosis of young patients with LUAD.
Tobacco exposure as a major modifier of oncologic outcomes in human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Elhalawani Hesham , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Elgohari Baher , Lin Timothy A. , Sikora Andrew G. , Lai Stephen Y. , Abusaif Abdelrahman , Phan Jack , Morrison William H. , Gunn G. Brandon , Rosenthal David I. , Garden Adam S. , Fuller Clifton D. , Sandulache Vlad C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in the US is rapidly increasing, driven largely by the epidemic of human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated OPSCC. Although survival for patients with HPV mediated OPSCC (HPV+ OPSCC) is generally better than that of patients with non-virally mediated OPSCC, this effect is not uniform. We hypothesized that tobacco exposure remains a critical modifier of survival for HPV+ OPSCC patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 611 OPSCC patients with concordant p16 and HPV testing treated at a single institute (2002–2013). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to define tobacco exposure associated with survival (p < 0.05).

Results
Tobacco exposure impacted overall survival (OS) for HPV+ patients on univariate and multivariate analysis (p = 0.002, p = 0.003 respectively). RPA identified 30 pack-years (PY) as a threshold at which survival became significantly worse in HPV+ patients. OS and disease-free survival (DFS) for HPV+ > 30 PY patients didn’t differ significantly from HPV- patients (p = 0.72, p = 0.27, respectively). HPV+ > 30 PY patients had substantially lower 5-year OS when compared to their ≤30 PYs counterparts: 78.4% vs 91.6%; p = 0.03, 76% vs 88.3%; p = 0.07, and 52.3% vs 74%; p = 0.05, for stages I, II, and III (AJCC 8th Edition Manual), respectively.

Conclusions
Tobacco exposure can eliminate the survival benefit associated with HPV+ status in OPSCC patients. Until this effect can be clearly quantified using prospective datasets, de-escalation of treatment for HPV + OPSCC smokers should be avoided.