bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thalamic and neocortical differences in the relationship between the time course of delta and sigma power during NREM sleep in humans
Authors: Sarasso Simone , Zubler Frederic , Pigorini Andrea , Sartori Ivana , Castana Laura , Nobili Lino 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSleep spindles and slow waves are the hallmarks of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and are produced by the dynamic interplay between thalamic and cortical regions. Several studies in both human and animal models have focused their attention on the relationship between electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and slow waves during NREM, using the power in the sigma and delta bands as a surrogate for the production of spindles and slow waves. A typical report is an overall inverse relationship between the time course of sigma and delta power as measured by a single correlation coefficient both within and across NREM episodes. Here we analysed stereotactically implanted intracerebral electrode (Stereo‐EEG [SEEG]) recordings during NREM simultaneously acquired from thalamic and from several neocortical sites in six neurosurgical patients. We investigated the relationship between the time course of delta and sigma power and found that, although at the cortical level it shows the expected inverse relationship, these two frequency bands follow a parallel time course at the thalamic level. Both these observations were consistent across patients and across different cortical as well as thalamic regions. These different temporal dynamics at the neocortical and thalamic level are discussed, considering classical as well as more recent interpretations of the neurophysiological determinants of sleep spindles and slow waves. These findings may also help understanding the regulatory mechanisms of these fundamental sleep EEG graphoelements across different brain compartments.
Bradyarrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19: Marker of poor prognosis?
Authors: Chinitz Jason S. , Goyal Rajat , Harding Melissa , Veseli Granit , Gruberg Luis , Jadonath Ram , Maccaro Paul , Gandotra Puneet , Ong Lawrence , Epstein Laurence M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite descriptions of various cardiovascular manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), there is a paucity of reports of new onset bradyarrhythmias, and the clinical implications of these events are unknown.MethodsSeven patients presented with or developed severe bradyarrhythmias requiring pacing support during the course of their COVID‐19 illness over a 6‐week period of peak COVID‐19 incidence. A retrospective review of their presentations and clinical course was performed.ResultsSymptomatic high‐degree heart block was present on initial presentation in three of seven patients (43%), and four patients developed sinus arrest or paroxysmal high‐degree atrioventricular block. No patients in this series demonstrated left ventricular systolic dysfunction or acute cardiac injury, whereas all patients had elevated inflammatory markers. In some patients, bradyarrhythmias occurred prior to the onset of respiratory symptoms. Death from complications of COVID‐19 infection occurred in 57% (4/7) patients during the initial hospitalization and in 71% (5/7) patients within 3 months of presentation.ConclusionsDespite management of bradycardia with temporary (3/7) or permanent leadless pacemakers (4/7), there was a high rate of short‐term morbidity and death due to complications of COVID‐19. The association between new‐onset bradyarrhythmias and poor outcomes may influence management strategies for acutely ill patients with COVID‐19.
Genetic analysis and map‐based delimitation of a major locus qSS3 for seed size in soybean
Authors: Cui Baofeng , Chen Lei , Yang Yongqing , Liao Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeed size is a major determinant of grain yield in soybean, however their genetic basis remains largely unknown. In order to delimit map‐based position of a major locus qSS3, we evaluated three mapping populations, including RILs, NILs and a sub‐F2 in three environments for six seed size‐related traits. For these traits, the kurtosis and skewness ranged between 0.0 and 1.16, while h2b ranged from 0.75 to 0.96, indicating that this RIL population is suitable for QTL analysis. QTL analysis identified 12 loci which consist of 30 significant QTLs with PVE% and LOD values of 6.6%–26.2% and 2.50–5.61, respectively. Among them, qSS3 was a major and stable locus explaining 7.3%–26.2% of the variation in 5 of the 6 traits, with the respective LOD values falling in the range of 2.72–5.61. Additionally, qSS3 effects were confirmed in NILs and delimited to an interval of ~1,126 kb containing 123 annotated genes. Overall, this study may assist efforts aiming to improve soybean seed traits by identifying valuable genetic resources which can be used in future MAS breeding programmes.
Far‐red light promotes Botrytis cinerea disease development in tomato leaves via jasmonate‐dependent modulation of soluble sugars
Authors: Courbier Sarah , Grevink Sanne , Sluijs Emma , Bonhomme Pierre‐Olivier , Kajala Kaisa , Van Wees Saskia C. M. , Pierik Ronald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlants experience a decrease in the red:far‐red light ratio (R:FR) when grown at high planting density. In addition to eliciting the shade avoidance response, low R:FR also enhances plant susceptibility to pathogens via modulation of defense hormone‐mediated responses. However, other mechanisms, also affected by low R:FR, have not been considered as potential components in FR‐induced susceptibility. Here, we identify FR‐induced accumulation of leaf soluble sugars as a novel component of FR‐induced susceptibility. We observed that phytochrome inactivation by FR or phytochrome B mutation was associated with elevated leaf glucose and fructose levels and enhanced disease severity caused by Botrytis cinerea. By experimentally manipulating internal leaf sugar levels, we found that the FR‐induced susceptibility in tomato was partly sugar‐dependent. Further analysis revealed that the observed sugar accumulation in supplemental FR occurred in a jasmonic acid (JA)‐dependent manner, and the JA biosynthesis mutant def1 also displayed elevated soluble sugar levels, which was rescued by exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application. We propose that the reduced JA responsiveness under low R:FR promotes disease symptoms not only via dampened induction of defense responses, but also via increased levels of soluble sugars that supports pathogen growth in tomato leaves.
Disease Surveillance Investments and Administration: Limits to Information Value in Pakistan Polio Eradication
Authors: Scott Ryan P. , Cullen Alison C. , Chabot‐Couture Guillaume 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Pakistan, annual poliovirus investment decisions drive quantities of supplemental immunization campaigns districts receive. In this article, we assess whether increased spending on poliovirus surveillance is associated with greater likelihood of correctly identifying districts at high risk of polio with assignment of an elevated “risk ranking.” We reviewed programmatic documents from Pakistan for the period from 2012–2017, recording whether districts had been classified as “high risk” or “low risk” in each year. Through document review, we developed a decision tree to describe the ranking decisions. Then, integrating data from the World Health Organization and Global Polio Eradication Initiative, we constructed a Bayesian decision network reflecting investments in polio surveillance and immunization campaigns, surveillance metrics, disease incidence, immunization rates, and occurrence of polio cases. We test these factors for statistical association with the outcome of interest—a change in risk rank between the beginning and the end of the one‐year time period. We simulate different spending scenarios and predict their impact on district risk ranking in future time periods. We find that per district spending increases are associated with increased identification of cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). However, the low specificity of AFP investment and the largely invariant ranking of district risk means that even large increases in surveillance spending are unlikely to promote major changes in risk rankings at the current stage of the Pakistan polio eradication campaign.
Poor oral health status and short‐term outcome of kidney transplantation
Authors: Sarmento Dmitry José de Santana , Caliento Rubens , Maciel Rafael Fábio , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique , Pestana José Osmar Medina de Abreu , Lockhart Peter B. , Gallottini Marina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aims to know whether poor oral health increases the risk of acute rejection and hospitalization in kidney allograft recipients.Methods and resultsThis is a prospective cohort study. The same dentist followed participants for 2 months after renal transplant for monitoring oral health (clinical evaluation, DTMF index, and CPITN index), signs of graft rejection, infection, and hospitalization. We compiled rates and reasons for hospital readmission or extended hospital stay. The CPITN had a mean score of 0.38 ± 0.71, increasing to 0.90 ± 0.84, 60 days after transplant (P < .001). No one rejected the graft in the period of study. Patients with older age (P = .009; OR: 1.07; CI 95% 1.01–1.12) were at higher risk of hospitalization at each year of age and patients presenting pretransplant dental focus (P = .001; OR: 7.23; CI 95% 2.13–24.56) had 7.23 times more chance to be hospitalized in the first 2 months after the transplant. One participant was hospitalized due to acute foci of dental infection.ConclusionThere was an association between dental focus and hospital readmission/stay. However, our methods do not provide conclusive proof of causality. Hospitalization due to acute dental infection was rare.
Does Distance Matter? Evaluating the Impact of Drop Boxes on Voter Turnout
Authors: McGuire William , Gonzalez O'Brien Benjamin , Baird Katherine , Corbett Benjamin , Collingwood Loren 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThis article examines the impact that reducing the distance to a voter's nearest ballot drop box has on turnout.MethodsThe placement of five new ballot drop boxes was randomized among six potential sites identified based on similar criteria. The randomization of the five boxes across the six sites created natural Treatment (those sites that received a new box) and Placebo (the site that did not receive a new box) groups. We then employed a difference‐in‐difference design to determine whether voters in the Treatment group were more likely to vote in the 2017 general election compared to those in the Placebo group.ResultsWe find that a decrease of one mile to the nearest drop box increased the probability of voting by 0.64 percent.ConclusionOur finding indicates that drop boxes have a positive effect on voter turnout and that decreasing the distance to these boxes can lead to an increased likelihood of voting.
Bullshit, Pseudoscience and Pseudophilosophy
Authors: Moberger Victor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article I give a unified account of three phenomena:bullshit,pseudoscienceandpseudophilosophy. My aims are partly conceptual, partly evaluative. Drawing on Harry Frankfurt's seminal analysis of bullshit, I give an account of the three phenomena and of how they are related, and I use this account to explain what isbadabout all three. More specifically, I argue that what is defective about pseudoscience and pseudophilosophy is precisely that they are special cases of bullshit. Apart from raising interesting philosophical issues, gaining a clearer understanding of these phenomena is also ofpracticalimportance, in that it bears on how best to tackle the threat that they pose.
Performance Analysis of a Solar–Biogas Hybrid Micro Gas Turbine for Power Generation
Authors: Alshahrani Saad , Engeda Abraham 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A performance assessment was conducted for a solar–biogas hybrid micro gas turbine integrated with a solar power tower technology. The considered system is a solar central receiver integrated with a micro gas turbine hybrid with biogas fuel as a backup. The Brayton cycle is designed to receive a dual integrated heat source input that works alternatively to keep the heat input to the system continuous. The study considered several key performance parameters including meteorological condition effects, recuperator existence and effectiveness, solar share, and gas turbine components performance. This study shows a significant reduction in CO2 emissions due to the utilization and hybridization of the renewable energies, solar, and biogas. The study reveals that the solar–biogas hybrid micro gas turbine for 100-kW power production has a CO2 emission less than a conventional fossil fuel gas turbine. Finally, the study shows that the method of power generation hybridization for solar and biogas gas turbines is a promising technique that leads to fuel-savings and lower CO2 emissions.
Influence of Gap Detailing on Calculated Unsteady Non-Adjacent Blade Row Aero-Forcing in a Transonic Compressor Stage
Authors: Gezork Tobias , Petrie-Repar Paul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Resonant or close to resonant forced response excitation of compressor blades limits component life time and can potentially lead to high-cycle fatigue failure if the exciting forces are large and damping is insufficient. When numerically quantifying the forcing function by means of simulations, simplifications are typically made in the analysis to reduce complexity and computational cost. In this paper, we numerically investigate how the blade forcing function is influenced by the rotor tip gap flow and by flow across gaps in the upstream variable inlet guide vane row. Unsteady simulations are made using a test rig geometry where a forcing crossing with an excitation from a non-adjacent blade row had previously been measured. The effects of the gaps on the forcing function for the first torsion mode are presented for both the non-adjacent blade row excitation (changes compared with a case without gaps indicating a 20% reduction) and an adjacent excitation (changes indicating an 80% increase in terms of forcing function amplitude comparing with a case without gaps).
Coarse sediment dynamics in a large glaciated river system: Holocene history and storage dynamics dictate contemporary climate sensitivity
Authors: Anderson Scott W. , Jaeger Kristin L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe gravel-bedded White River drains a 1279 km2 basin in Washington State, with lowlands sculpted by continental glaciation and headwaters on an actively glaciated stratovolcano. Chronic aggradation along an alluvial fan near the river’s mouth has progressively reduced flood conveyance. In order to better understand how forecasted climate change may influence coarse sediment delivery and aggradation rates in this lowland depositional setting, we assessed the contemporary delivery and routing of coarse sediment through the watershed; this assessment was based on a rich set of topographic, sedimentologic, and hydrologic data from the past century, with a focus on repeat high-resolution topographic surveys from the past decade.We found that most of the lower river’s contemporary bed-load flux originates from persistent erosion of alluvial deposits in the lower watershed. This erosion is a response to a drop in local base level caused by a major avulsion across the fan in 1906 and then augmented by subsequent dredging. The 1906 avulsion and modern disequilibrium valley profiles reflect landscape conditioning by continental glaciation and a massive mid-Holocene lahar. In the proglacial headwaters, infrequent large sediment pulses have accomplished most of the observed coarse sediment export, with exported material blanketing downstream valley floors; during typical floods, transported bed material is largely sourced from erosion of these valley floor floods. Throughout the watershed, we observe decadal-scale coarse sediment dynamics strongly related to the filling or emptying of valley-scale sediment storage over 102–104 yr time scales, often in response to major disturbances that either emplace large deposits or influence their redistribution. Paraglacial responses in large watersheds are suggested to be inherently complicated and punctuated as a result of internal landform interactions and stochastic/threshold-dependent events. We argue that, in combination, Holocene disturbance, storage dynamics, and human flow modification make coarse sediment fluxes in the lower White River relatively insensitive to decadal climate variability. Results highlight the degree to which river sensitivity to contemporary disturbance, climatic or otherwise, may be contingent on local and idiosyncratic watershed histories, underscoring the need to unpack those histories while demonstrating the utility of watershed-scale high-resolution topography toward that end.
Evaluation of the clinical utility of optical coherence tomography angiography in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Cavichini Melina , Dans Kunny C , Jhingan Mahima , Amador-Patarroyo Manuel J , Borooah Shyamanga , Bartsch Dirk-Uwe , Nudleman Eric , Freeman William R 
Published: August 2020

Background/AimsTo evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to identify the presence or absence of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) and CNV activity in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsClinical parameters, fundus fluorescein angiogram and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were used as the gold standard to determine disease activity. OCTA imaging was performed on the same day and was graded by two masked retina specialists for the presence or absence of CNV. Traditional multimodal imaging and OCTA findings were compared.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-two eyes of 106 patients with AMD were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 59 eyes had wet AMD and 93 had dry AMD with high-risk drusen. OCTA had 85.4% and 79.3% specificity and sensitivity, respectively, in determining the presence or absence of CNV. OCTA was 69.5% accurate in determining active CNV. False positives and negatives were 21.6% and 8.0%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests that en-face OCTA images allow a moderate ability to identify CNV and that OCTA alone is weak at recognising active CNV requiring treatment in AMD.
Association of physical activity with risk of hepatobiliary diseases in China: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million people
Authors: Pang Yuanjie , Lv Jun , Kartsonaki Christiana , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Du Huaidong , Bennett Derrick , Bian Zheng , Chen Yiping , Yang Ling , Turnbull Iain , Wang Hao , Li Hui , Holmes Michael V , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThere is limited prospective evidence on the association of physical activity with hepatobiliary cancer subtypes and other major hepatobiliary diseases, especially in China. We aimed to quantify the associations with risk of these diseases.MethodsThe study population involved 460 937 participants of the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30–79 years from 10 diverse areas in China without history of cancer or hepatobiliary disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for each disease associated with self-reported total and domain-specific physical activity (occupational and non-occupational, ie, leisure time, household and commuting).ResultsDuring ~10 years of follow-up, 22 012 incident cases of hepatobiliary diseases were recorded. The overall mean (SD) total physical activity was 21.2 (13.9) metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours/day, with 62% from occupational activity. Total physical activity was inversely associated with hospitalised non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (HR comparing top vs bottom quintile: 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.72), viral hepatitis (0.73, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87), cirrhosis (0.76, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.88) and liver cancer (0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93), as well as gallstone disease (0.86, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.90), gallbladder cancer (0.51, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.80) and biliary tract cancer (0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78). The associations for occupational physical activity were similar to those for total physical activity, but for non-occupational physical activity they differed by disease subtype. For leisure-time physical activity, there was an inverse association with liver cancer and an inverse trend for gallstone disease (HR comparing ≥7.5 MET-hours/day with none: 0.83, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.91 and 0.82, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.01).ConclusionAmong Chinese adults, high total physical activity, particularly occupational physical activity, was inversely associated with risk of major hepatobiliary cancers and diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and certain types of cancer.
Chronic complications in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: prevalence and related metabolic and clinical features: the Verona Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Study (VNDS) 9
Authors: Bonora Enzo , Trombetta Maddalena , Dauriz Marco , Travia Daniela , Cacciatori Vittorio , Brangani Corinna , Negri Carlo , Perrone Fabrizia , Pichiri Isabella , Stoico Vincenzo , Zoppini Giacomo , Rinaldi Elisabetta , Da Prato Giuliana , Boselli Maria Linda , Santi Lorenza , Moschetta Federica , Zardini Monica , Bonadonna Riccardo C 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionWe explored the presence of chronic complications in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes referred to the Verona Diabetes Clinic. Metabolic (insulin secretion and sensitivity) and clinical features associated with complications were also investigated.Research design and methodsThe comprehensive assessment of microvascular and macrovascular complications included detailed medical history, resting ECG, ultrasonography of carotid and lower limb arteries, quantitative neurological evaluation, cardiovascular autonomic tests, ophthalmoscopy, kidney function tests. Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were assessed by state-of-the-art techniques (insulin clamp and mathematical modeling of glucose/C-peptide curves during oral glucose tolerance test).ResultsWe examined 806 patients (median age years, two-thirds males), of whom prior clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) was revealed in 11.2% and preclinical CVD in 7.7%. Somatic neuropathy was found in 21.2% and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in 18.6%. Retinopathy was observed in 4.9% (background 4.2%, proliferative 0.7%). Chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was found in 8.8% and excessive albuminuria in 13.2% (microalbuminuria 11.9%, macroalbuminuria 1.3%).Isolated microvascular disease occurred in 30.8%, isolated macrovascular disease in 9.3%, a combination of both in 9.1%, any complication in 49.2% and no complications in 50.8%.Gender, age, body mass index, smoking, hemoglobin A1c and/or hypertension were independently associated with one or more complications. Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction were associated with macrovascular but not microvascular disease.ConclusionsDespite a generally earlier diagnosis for an increased awareness of the disease, as many as ~50% of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes had clinical or preclinical manifestations of microvascular and/or macrovascular disease. Insulin resistance might play an independent role in macrovascular disease.Trial registration numberNCT01526720.