bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontline treatments in extremely elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a population-based study in Taiwan, 2010–2015
Authors: Huang Huai-Hsuan , Ko Bor-Sheng , Chen Ho-Min , Chen Li-Ju , Wang Chen-Yu , Hsiao Fei-Yuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The standard frontline therapy for patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is R-CHOP. However, patients older than 80 years are excluded from clinical trials. The importance of rituximab and anthracycline remains unknown in extremely elderly DLBCL patients. Here, we incorporated data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database (TCRD), National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), and National Death Registry to evaluate the clinical benefits of rituximab and anthracycline in elderly patients. From the TCRD and NHIRD, we included DLBCL patients aged older than 60 years who received R-CHOP, R-CVP, CHOP, or CVP between 2010 and 2015.

Results
Of the 3228 eligible patients, 2559 were between 60 and 79 years (the 60–79 group), and 669 were older than 80 years (the 80+ group). The proportions of patients in the different Ann Arbor stages and the practice settings were similar in both groups. The male-to-female ratio and the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores in the 80+ group were higher than those in the 60–79 group. Patients in the 60–79 group received R-CHOP more frequently than those in the 80+ group. In the 60–79 group, the median age of the patients receiving R-CVP or CVP was older than those receiving R-CHOP or CHOP. In the analysis of overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF), R-CHOP, female sex, younger age, lower Ann Arbor stage, lower CCI score, and care at a medical center predicted a favorable prognosis in the 60–79 group. However, only R-CHOP, younger age, and lower Ann Arbor stage remained independent favorable prognostic factors in the 80+ group.

Conclusions
Our population-based study demonstrated the clinical benefits of rituximab and anthracycline in extremely elderly Asian patients with DLBCL.
Subjective well-being of left-behind children: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of eastern China
Authors: Ye Lihong , Qian Yu , Meng Shuyang , Ye Ding , Rong Chao , Vandenhouten Eric E. , Jing Fangyuan , Mao Yingying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposePsychological well-beings of left-behind children (LBC) in rural areas of China remain under-studied. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the subjective well-being (SWB) in LBC and its associated factors in a rural area in eastern China.MethodsStratified random cluster sampling was used to select middle school and high school students in Qingyuan County of Zhejiang Province. Relevant information including sociodemographic characteristics was collected from each participant using an organized questionnaire. SWB was measured using the modified scale developed for Chinese adolescents. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed using R version 3.3.0.ResultsA total of 1086 children were recruited and examined in the current analysis, with 365 (33.61%) being left-behind. Compared with non-left-behind children (NLBC), LBC had significantly lower scores in family satisfaction (P = 0.003) and environment satisfaction (P = 0.020). Multivariable regression analysis uncovered that frequent parent–child communication was associated with high positive affect (P = 0.003) and life satisfaction (P < 0.001), and the type of caregivers was associated with negative affect among LBC (P = 0.037).ConclusionsOur results suggest SWB was lower in LBC, and targeted interventions including strengthening parental-child communication should be developed and implemented to improve LBC’s SWB in rural areas of China.
The accelerated aging model reveals critical mechanisms of late-onset Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Li Shiyan , Liu Hongxin , Bian Shiyu , Sha Xianzheng , Li Yixue , Wang Yin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Late-onset Parkinson’s disease (LOPD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and lacks disease-modifying treatments, attracting major attentions as the aggravating trend of aging population. There were numerous evidences supported that accelerated aging was the primary risk factor for LOPD, thus pointed out that the mechanisms of PD should be revealed thoroughly based on aging acceleration. However, how PD was triggered by accelerated aging remained unclear and the systematic prediction model was needed to study the mechanisms of PD.

Results
In this paper, an improved PD predictor was presented by comparing with the normal aging process, and both aging and PD markers were identified herein using machine learning methods. Based on the aging scores, the aging acceleration network was constructed thereby, where the enrichment analysis shed light on key characteristics of LOPD. As a result, dysregulated energy metabolisms, the cell apoptosis, neuroinflammation and the ion imbalances were identified as crucial factors linking accelerated aging and PD coordinately, along with dysfunctions in the immune system.

Conclusions
In short, mechanisms between aging and LOPD were integrated by our computational pipeline.
Tendon morphological changes after a prolonged ski race can be detected by ultrasound echo intensity
Authors: Schneebeli Alessandro , Visconti Lorenzo , Cescon Corrado , Clijsen Ron , Giardini Guido , Arizzio Maria Elisabetta , Barbero Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound imaging techniques have been used to assess the characteristics of skeletal muscles and tendons. Such techniques (gray scale analysis) allow qualitative evaluation and have been used recently to assess the internal structure of muscles and tendons by computer‐aided gray scale analysis. We hypothesized that changes in the internal structure of the Achilles and patellar tendons after a ski mountaineering race competition could be detected with ultrasound.MethodsTwenty athletes were recruited during the 19th Millet Tour du Rutor extreme, a three‐day ski mountaineering competition. Ultrasound measurements of the Achilles and patellar tendons were carried out before the first race and immediately after each of the three competition days. Tendon thickness, cross‐sectional area (CSA), and ultrasound gray scale analysis were calculated.ResultsSignificant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the pre‐ and post‐race measurements for the Achilles tendon thickness and CSA, while no significant differences were noted for the patellar tendon thickness and CSA. However, gray scale analysis of both the Achilles and patellar tendons showed significantly higher post‐race values, than the pre‐race values (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAchilles and patellar tendons of healthy athletes are highly responsive to an acute increase in mechanical load. Those changes can be detected from classical (thickness and CSA) and innovative (gray scale) ultrasound‐based parameters.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Azienda USL Valle d'Aosta Ethics Committee (protocol no. 23/03/2018.0026243.I).
Auxological and endocrinological features in internationally adopted children
Authors: Stagi Stefano , Papacciuoli Valeria , Boiro Djibril , Maggioli Chiara , Ndambao Niane Ndeye , Losi Stefania , Chiappini Elena , Toni Sonia , Ndiaye Ousmane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn internationally adopted children disorders of linear growth, puberty development, thyroid function, and bone metabolism are frequently reported. It is important that these children receive careful auxological and endocrinological evaluations and follow-up.Pediatricians and other healthcare providers should be aware that auxological and endocrinological problems are common in newly arrived international adoptees.
The need for new vector control approaches targeting outdoor biting anopheline malaria vector communities
Authors: Sougoufara Seynabou , Ottih Emmanuel Chinweuba , Tripet Frederic 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the implementation of Roll Back Malaria, the widespread use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) is thought to have played a major part in the decrease in mortality and morbidity achieved in malaria-endemic regions. In the past decade, resistance to major classes of insecticides recommended for public health has spread across many malaria vector populations. Increasingly, malaria vectors are also showing changes in vector behaviour in response to current indoor chemical vector control interventions. Changes in the time of biting and proportion of indoor biting of major vectors, as well as changes in the species composition of mosquito communities threaten the progress made to control malaria transmission. Outdoor biting mosquito populations contribute to malaria transmission in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa and pose new challenges as they cannot be reliably monitored or controlled using conventional tools. Here, we review existing and novel approaches that may be used to target outdoor communities of malaria vectors. We conclude that scalable tools designed specifically for the control and monitoring of outdoor biting and resting malaria vectors with increasingly complex and dynamic responses to intensifying malaria control interventions are urgently needed. These are crucial for integrated vector management programmes designed to challenge current and future vector populations.
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity
Authors: Martinez-Peinado Nieves , Cortes-Serra Nuria , Torras-Claveria Laura , Pinazo Maria-Jesus , Gascon Joaquim , Bastida Jaume , Alonso-Padilla Julio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected disease that affects ~7 million people worldwide. Development of new drugs to treat the infection remains a priority since those currently available have frequent side effects and limited efficacy at the chronic stage. Natural products provide a pool of diversity structures to lead the chemical synthesis of novel molecules for this purpose. Herein we analyzed the anti-T. cruzi activity of nine alkaloids derived from plants of the family Amaryllidaceae.

Methods
The activity of each alkaloid was assessed by means of an anti-T. cruzi phenotypic assay. We further evaluated the compounds that inhibited parasite growth on two distinct cytotoxicity assays to discard those that were toxic to host cells and assure parasite selectivity.

Results
We identified a single compound (hippeastrine) that was selectively active against the parasite yielding selectivity indexes of 12.7 and 35.2 against Vero and HepG2 cells, respectively. Moreover, it showed specific activity against the amastigote stage (IC50 = 3.31 μM).

Conclusions
Results reported here suggest that natural products are an interesting source of new compounds for the development of drugs against Chagas disease.
Efficacy and safety of sarilumab in combination with csDMARDs or as monotherapy in subpopulations of patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis in three phase III randomized, controlled studies
Authors: Genovese Mark C. , Fleischmann Roy , Kivitz Alan , Lee Eun-Bong , van Hoogstraten Hubert , Kimura Toshio , St John Gregory , Mangan Erin K. , Burmester Gerd R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor sarilumab demonstrated efficacy in combination with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) or as monotherapy in patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response (IR) or intolerant (INT) to methotrexate (MTX) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors. This analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of sarilumab in patient subgroups.

Methods
Data were included from phase III studies: two placebo-controlled studies of subcutaneous sarilumab 150/200 mg every 2 weeks (q2w) either + MTX in MTX-IR patients (52 weeks) or + csDMARDs in TNF-IR/INT patients (24 weeks), and a monotherapy study of sarilumab 200 mg q2w vs. adalimumab 40 mg q2w in MTX-IR/INT patients (24 weeks). Prespecified and post hoc subgroups included patient demographics, disease characteristics, and prior treatments. Prespecified and post hoc endpoints included clinical, radiographic, and physical function measures, and p values are considered nominal. Safety was assessed during double-blind treatment.

Results
The superiority of sarilumab (either as monotherapy vs. adalimumab or in combination with csDMARDs vs. placebo + csDMARDs) across clinical endpoints was generally consistent across subgroups defined by patient demographics, disease characteristics, and prior treatments, demonstrating the benefit of sarilumab treatment for a wide range of patient types. Interaction p values of < 0.05 were consistently observed across studies only for baseline anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status for American College of Rheumatology 20% response, but not American College of Rheumatology 50% or 70% response. Adverse events and worsening laboratory parameters occurred more frequently in sarilumab-treated vs. placebo-treated patients and were more frequent in the small number of patients ≥ 65 years (n = 289) vs. patients < 65 years (n = 1819). Serious infections occurred in six patients aged ≥ 65 years receiving sarilumab, although the incidence of serious infections was generally higher in patients aged ≥ 65 years regardless of treatment.

Conclusions
Apart from ACPA status, there were no consistent signals indicating differential effects of sarilumab in any of the subpopulations assessed. Sarilumab demonstrated consistent efficacy and safety across a wide range of patients with RA.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01061736, registered on February 03, 2010; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01709578, registered on October 18, 2012; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02332590, registered on January 07, 2015
Effects of stone mining on woody plant species diversity and selected soil properties in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Leake , Birhane Emiru , Zenebe Amanuel , Weldu Askal , Chiemela Stella Nwawulu , Solomon Negasi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStone mining is one of the main livelihood activities in areas close to major cities in Ethiopia. Mining tends to make a notable impact on woody plant species and soil properties. Information regarding the effect of stone mining on woody plant species diversity and soil properties is limited in Ethiopia. It is also less known how people perceive the impact of stone mining on existing natural resource in the watershed after mining. Therefore, this paper analyzed the effect of stone mining on woody plant species diversity, selected soil properties and perception of nearby community on mining in northern Ethiopia.MethodsVegetation and soil sampling were conducted using 6.32 ha sample plots. Samples were randomly selected from mining and adjacent unmined areas. Species abundance, density, basal area, selected soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The differences in species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties between the mined and unmined areas were analyzed using independent t test. Household survey was also conducted to assess the view of the local people regarding the effect of mining on ecology.ResultsA total of 35 species representing 19 families in the mining site were recorded while 43 species representing 27 families were recorded in the unmined site. Abundance and density of species were higher in unmined than in mining areas. The most abundant species in the mining and unmined sites wereEuclea racemosasubsp.schimperi,Senna singueana,Maytenus arbutifolia,Calpurnia aureaandBuddleja polystachya. Woody species diversity at mining (1.97) was significantly different from that unmined (2.49) site (p = 0.0005). Bulk density significantly varied between the mined (1.9 g cm−3) and unmined (1.38 g cm−3) sites (p < 0.0005). Furthermore, significantly higher TN and AvP was recorded at unmined areas as compared to the mining areas (p < 0.05). Discussion with communities is mandatory before deciding a site for mining. Respondents argued that mining negatively affects the vegetation and other resources that brought devastating effect on the downstream farms. The communities’ were recommended for immediate rehabilitation of abandoned lands to restore it and reduce the negative impact of mining.ConclusionsStone mining causes an adverse impact on plant species and soil physico-chemical properties. Discussion with communities at the planning stage, immediate restoration activities and monitoring are crucial to reduce the negative impacts of stone mining for further sustainable natural resources development and management.
Assessment of the pesticidal behaviour of diacyl hydrazine-based ready-to-use nanoformulations
Authors: Pandey Alka , Srivastava Shivani , Aggarwal Nisha , Srivastava Chitra , Adholeya Alok , Kochar Mandira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Application of nanotechnology for crop protection in the form of nanopesticide has attracted significant interest in modern agriculture for the management of devastating polyphagous pests. In the present work, highly stable, ready-to-use water-based nanoformulations of hydrazine-based pesticides were evaluated for their Insect Growth Regulatory potential against the polyphagous insect pest—Spodoptera litura. Also, the nanoformulations were screened for their antifungal behaviour against plant pathogenic fungi; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Alternaria solani.

Results
Nanoformulation of sulfonyl acyl hydrazine derivative, NF7, emerged as the best insect growth regulator with GI90 value 0.010 mg L−1 followed by NF4 and NF6 with GI90 0.012 and 0.013 mg L−1, respectively. Results of diet incorporation method showed enhanced efficacy of nanoformulations when compared with topical application method. Antifungal screening showed that many nanoformulations displayed at least 50% growth inhibition for treatment dosage 50–200 mg L−1 against the fungal pathogens tested (C. gloeosporioides, R. solani, F. solani, and A. solani). NF6, NF7, and NF8 were more potent antifungal agents at lower treatment dosages, while at high doses (400 and 800 mg L−1), 100% growth inhibition at concentration was observed against R. solani and F. solani, except NF1 having 64% growth inhibition against F. solani.

Conclusion
Results presented here are very promising and deliver new nanoformulations of diacyl and sulfonyl acyl hydrazine-based derivatives to be employed as nanopesticide for sustainable crop protection.
Extraction of phytochemicals and study of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Helicteres isora L.
Authors: Mahire S. P. , Patel S. N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Herbal medicines are used for the treatment of many infectious diseases throughout the history of mankind. The increasing antibiotic resistance exhibited by microorganisms has led to the phytochemical screening of medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity. Many infections can be treated by phytochemicals possessing potent antibacterial efficiency. The pharmacological activities of any plant is because of the presence of primary metabolites, secondary metabolites and its secretary products, comprising the phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavanoids, steroids, etc. Helicteres isora L. is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The root and bark are expectorant, demulcent, astringent to the bowels, antigalactagogue, lessen gripping; a cure for scabies when applied topically.

Method
Soxhlet extraction or hot continuous extraction: In this method, finely ground sample was placed in thimble chamber of the Soxhlet apparatus. Extraction solvents was heated in the bottom flask, vaporizes into the sample thimble, condenses in the condenser and drip back. When the liquid content reaches the siphon arm, the liquid contents emptied into the bottom flask again and the process is continued. Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus NCIM 2079, Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli NCIM 2109, Fungi (Yeast) Candida albicans NCIM 3471, Fungi (Mould) Aspergillus niger NCIM 545 are used as reference Strain for antimicrobial activity. Antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method.

Result
Chloroform Extracts of leaves, Stem and fruits of Helicteres isora L. exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus, niger. The stem extract showed highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition of 19.24 mm and leaves lowest activity against Candida albicans with zone of inhibition of 11.26 mm. Antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method.

Conclusion
The use of herbal crude drugs, in tracts and their remedies have significantly increased throughout the world. Efforts must be made to ensure safe, effective and affordable treatments for wide range of diseases by traditional methods which use locally available medicinal plants. The scientific and authentic researches on these aspects are to be done in order to exploit traditional knowledge of medicinal plants.
The values of Transgelin, Stathmin, BCOR and Cyclin-D1 expression in differentiation between Uterine Leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS); diagnostic and prognostic implications
Authors: Alabiad Mohamed Ali , Harb Ola A. , Abdelfattah Mustafa Taha , El-Shafaay Basant Sh. , El-Taher Ahmed K. , El-Hendawy Elsayed I. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Morphologic distinction between uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) alone is not straightforward and has been shown to be challenging especially with poor differentiation, so immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often employed as an adjunct to morphology in uterine sarcoma.

Aim
We aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of Transgelin, Stathmin, BCOR and Cyclin-D1 separately and in-combinations in distinguishing ULMS from ESS, and to evaluate their prognostic value in patients with such sarcoma subtypes.

Material and Methods
We included 44 patients with uterine sarcoma. The diagnostic performances of Transgelin, Stathmin, BCOR and Cyclin-D1 were assessed in samples from all patients using immunohistochemistry.

Results
The combination of Stathmin and Transgelin expression has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of LMS and differentiating it from ESS; 95.5% and associated with poor prognosis in LMS patients.
The combination of BCOR and Cyclin-D1 expression has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of ESS and differentiating it from LMS; 90.9% and 95.5% respectively and associated with poor prognosis in ESS patients. The combination of Stathmin and Transgelin, BCOR and CyclinD1 expression has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of LMS and differentiating it from ESS; 100%.

Conclusion
Combination of Stathmin, Transgelin, BCOR and Cycline-D1 raised the accuracy of differentiation between ULMS and ESS to 100% and has prognostic roles in such sarcomas.