bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An accessible, agile and low‐cost workflow for 3D virtual analysis and automatic vector tracing of engravings: Atlantic rock art analysis
Authors: Gil‐Docampo Mariluz , Peña‐Villasenín Simón , Ortiz‐Sanz Juan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, three‐dimensional (3D) modelling with photogrammetry and enhancement methods from computer graphics communities have been used with excellent results for studies of rock art engravings. However, despite their abundance, most Atlantic rock art elements in the Iberian Peninsula have not yet been geometrically documented in 3D. The aims of this study include deepening the application of imaged‐based modelling, digital 3D model post‐processing, and diffusion tools in determining an accessible and straightforward workflow that is accessible for amateur and professional rock art researchers. The proposed workflow makes possible the prospection, documentation, enhancement, and diffusion of this heritage phenomenon in a massive collaborative manner. Thus, a representative sample of Atlantic rock art was documented using an affordable and time‐optimized methodology for image‐based modelling with free software at all stages of the process. This methodology improves the promotion of documentation of heritage through professional and social collaboration. The diffusion can be performed from two‐dimensional (2D) vectorizations from the rendering of MeshLab Radiance Scaling enhancement and automatic vectorizers or from the direct publication of enhanced 3D models, which are currently possible with platforms such as Sketchfab.
Speed observer of induction machine based on backstepping and sliding mode for low‐speed operation
Authors: Morawiec Marcin , Lewicki Arkadiusz , Wilczyński Filip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a speed observer design based on backstepping and sliding mode approaches. The inputs to the observer are the stator current and the voltage vector components. This observer structure is extended to the integrators. The observer stabilizing functions contain the appropriate sliding surfaces which result from the Lyapunov function. The rotor angular speed is obtained from the non‐adaptive formula with a sliding mode mechanism. It allows improvement of the robustness of parameters uncertainties and the zero rotor speed to work (near to the unobservable region). In the sensorless control system, the classical first‐order sliding‐mode controllers are applied with the transformation of the multi‐scalar variable. The proposed control system structure can be named full‐decoupled due to multi‐scalar variables transformation and the feedback control law obtained from the Lyapunov theorem. The theoretical derivations are verified in experimental waveforms. The sensorless control system's robustness is verified in the experimental investigations by using the nominal machine parameters uncertainties method.
On the tracking of fast trajectories of a 3DOF torsional plant: A flatness based ADRC approach
Authors: Ramírez‐Neria Mario , Gao Zhiqiang , Sira‐Ramirez Hebertt , Garrido‐Moctezuma Ruben , Luviano‐Juarez Alberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, a highly oscillatory 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) torsional plant is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined differential flatness property and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) methodology in the output tracking of fast reference trajectory and vibration suppression problems. The controller design is synthesized in the absence of detailed knowledge of the system model, which means that the resonant modes are essentially unknown to the designer. Experimental results confirm that the excellent rest‐to‐rest trajectory tracking performance is attained while permanently attenuating remaining vibrations in all the three disks.
Retracted: Long non‐coding RNA ARAP1‐AS1 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis through facilitating proto‐oncogene c‐Myc translation via dissociating PSF/PTB dimer in cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wu Dan , Wang Dian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is emerging as a pivotal regulator in tumorigenesis and aggressive progression. Here, we focused on an oncogenic lncRNA, ARAP1 antisense RNA 1 (ARAP1‐AS1), which was notably upregulated in cervical cancer (CC) tissues, cell lines and serum. High ARAP1‐AS1 expression was closely associated with larger tumor size, advanced FIGO stage as well as lymph node metastasis. Importantly, it was identified as an effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CC. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that knockdown of ARAP1‐AS1 inhibited, while overexpression of ARAP1‐AS1 promoted CC cell growth and dissemination. Stepwise mechanistic dissection unveiled that ARAP1‐AS1 could directly interact with PSF to release PTB, resulting in accelerating the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)‐driven translation of proto‐oncogene c‐Myc, thereby facilitating CC development and progression. Moreover, c‐Myc was able to transcriptionally activate ARAP1‐AS1 by directly binding to the E‐box motif located on ARAP1‐AS1 promoter. Taken together, our findings clearly reveal the crucial role of ARAP1‐AS1 in CC tumorigenesis and metastasis via regulation of c‐Myc translation, targeting ARAP1‐AS1 and its related regulatory loop implicates the therapeutic possibility for CC patients.
A New One‐Pot Fluorescence Derivatization Strategy for Highly Sensitive MicroRNA Analysis
Authors: Pan Li , Zhang Huaisheng , Zhao Jingjin , Ogungbe Ifedayo Victor , Zhao Shulin , Liu Yi‐Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate the expression of over 30 % of mammalian genes during development and apoptosis, and abnormal expression of miRNAs may lead to a range of human pathologies. Therefore, analysis of miRNAs is valuable for disease diagnostics. In this work, a novel one‐pot fluorescence derivatization strategy was developed for miRNA analysis. The mechanism of the derivatization reaction was explored by using instrumental methods, including liquid chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Highly fluorescent N6‐ethenoadenine (ϵ‐adenine) was formed and detached from the miRNA sequence through the reaction of adenine in nucleic acids with 2‐chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) at 100 °C. This is the first experimental evidence that the cooperation of formed ϵ‐adenine and water‐mediated hydrogen‐bond interaction between the proton at the 2′‐ and the oxyanion at 3′‐positions stabilized the oxocarbenium significantly, which makes the depurination and derivatization of miRNA highly effective. Based on this derivatization strategy, a facile and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed for quantitative assay of miRNAs. In combination with magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE), the HPLC method was shown to be useful for the determination of microRNAs at sub‐picomolar level in serum samples.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Click Chemistry for Highly Regioselective Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition by a Photoredox Electron‐Transfer Strategy
Authors: Wu Zheng‐Guang , Liao Xiang‐Ji , Yuan Li , Wang Yi , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Pan Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClick chemistry focuses on the development of highly selective reactions using simple precursors for the exquisite synthesis of molecules. Undisputedly, the CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is one of the most valuable examples of click chemistry, but it suffers from some limitations as it requires additional reducing agents and ligands as well as cytotoxic copper. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy for the azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction that involves a photoredox electron‐transfer radical mechanism instead of the traditional metal‐catalyzed coordination process. This newly developed photocatalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction can be performed under mild conditions at room temperature in the presence of air and visible light and shows good functional group tolerance, excellent atom economy, high yields of up to 99 %, and absolute regioselectivity, affording a variety of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives, including bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals. The use of a recyclable photocatalyst, solar energy, and water as solvent makes this photocatalytic system sustainable and environmentally friendly. Moreover, the azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction could be photocatalyzed in the presence of a metal‐free catalyst with excellent regioselectivity, which represents an important development for click chemistry and should find versatile applications in organic synthesis, chemical biology, and materials science.
Understanding the correlation between calcination temperature and performance in low‐temperature methanation over Ni‐Zr/Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Zhang Meng , Chen Shuyao , Zhou Zeling , Zheng Kaiwen , Bai Yunxing , Tan Yisheng , Han Yizhuo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLow‐temperature methanation of CO in the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) over Zr doped Ni/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at different temperatures (673, 723, and 823 K) was investigated. XRD, TPR, XPS, ICP, SEM, and S‐TPR techniques were employed to characterize the fresh and spent catalysts. Based on the characterization results, it was found that low‐temperature (673 K) calcination could effectively prohibit the formation of NiAl2O4 spinel, thereby resulting in more reducible NiO particles, which were the essential precursor of methanation active sites over the catalyst surface. Thus, the highest CO conversion of 93.6% was achieved over the 25N3ZA‐673 catalyst. In addition, the deactivation rate of 25N3ZA‐673 was relatively slow in comparison to 25N3ZA‐823 due to the presence of more reducible NiO. The formed nickel carbonyl species (Ni[CO]x), which quickly decomposed at a higher reaction temperature, was closely related to the catalyst deactivation. Therefore, 25N3ZA‐673 possessed much better stability at 593 K than that at 553 K.
Structural brain network development in children following prenatal methamphetamine exposure
Authors: Roos Annerine , Fouche Jean‐Paul , du Toit Stefani , du Plessis Stefan , Stein Dan J , Donald Kirsten A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBrain imaging studies in children with prenatal methamphetamine exposure (PME) suggest structural and functional alterations of striatal, frontal, parietal, and limbic regions. However, no longitudinal studies have investigated changes in structural connectivity during the first 2 years of formal schooling. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of PME on structural connectivity of brain networks in children over the critical first 2 years of formal schooling when foundational learning takes place. Networks are expected to gradually increase in global connectedness while segregating into defined systems. Graph theoretical analysis was used to investigate changes in structural connectivity at age 6 and 8 years in children with and without PME. While healthy control children showed increased connectivity in frontal and limbic hubs over time, children with PME showed increased connectivity in the superior parietal cortex and striatum in their global network. Furthermore, compared to control children, those with PME were characterized by less change in segregation of structural networks over time. These findings are consistent with previous work on regions implicated in children with PME, but they additionally demonstrate alterations in structural connectivity between regions that underlie primary cognitive, behavioral, and emotional development. Understanding patterns of network development during critical periods in at‐risk children may inform strategies for supporting this group of children in these developmental tasks important for lifelong brain health and development.
What is a multisensory cortex? A laminar, connectional, and functional study of a ferret temporal cortical multisensory area
Authors: Meredith M. Alex , Keniston Leslie P. , Prickett Elizabeth H. , Bajwa Moazzum , Cojanu Alexandru , Clemo H. Ruth , Allman Brian L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNow that examples of multisensory neurons have been observed across the neocortex, this has led to some confusion about the features that actually designate a region as “multisensory.” While the documentation of multisensory effects within many different cortical areas is clear, often little information is available about their proportions or net functional effects. To assess the compositional and functional features that contribute to the multisensory nature of a region, the present investigation used multichannel neuronal recording and tract tracing methods to examine the ferret temporal region: the lateral rostral suprasylvian sulcal area. Here, auditory‐tactile multisensory neurons were predominant and constituted the majority of neurons across all cortical layers whose responses dominated the net spiking activity of the area. These results were then compared with a literature review of cortical multisensory data and were found to closely resemble multisensory features of other, higher‐order sensory areas. Collectively, these observations argue that multisensory processing presents itself in hierarchical and area‐specific ways, from regions that exhibit few multisensory features to those whose composition and processes are dominated by multisensory activity. It seems logical that the former exhibit some multisensory features (among many others), while the latter are legitimately designated as “multisensory.”
Impact of tapering of arterial vessels on blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and wave intensity analysis using one‐dimensional computational model
Authors: Abdullateef Shima , Mariscal‐Harana Jorge , Khir Ashraf W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe angle of arterial tapering increases with ageing, and the geometrical changes of the aorta may cause an increase in central arterial pressure and stiffness. The impact of tapering has been primarily studied using frequency‐domain transmission line theories. In this work, we revisit the problem of tapering and investigate its effect on blood pressure and pulse wave velocity (PWV) using a time‐domain analysis with a 1D computational model. First, tapering is modelled as a stepwise reduction in diameter and compared with results from a continuously tapered segment. Next, we studied wave reflections in a combination of stepwise diameter reduction of straight vessels and bifurcations, then repeated the experiments with decreasing the length to physiological values. As the model's segments became shorter in length, wave reflections and re‐reflections resulted in waves overlapping in time. We extended our work by examining the effect of increasing the tapering angle on blood pressure and wave intensity in physiological models: a model of the thoracic aorta and a model of upper thoracic and descending aorta connected to the iliac bifurcation. Vessels tapering inherently changed the ratio between the inlet and outlet cross‐sectional areas, increasing the vessel resistance and reducing the compliance compared with non‐tapered vessels. These variables influence peak and pulse pressure. In addition, it is well established that pulse wave velocity increases in an ageing arterial tree. This work provides confirmation that tapering induces reflections and offers an additional explanation to the observation of increased peak pressure and decreased diastolic pressure distally in the arterial tree.
How Strong is Hydrogen Bonding to Amide Nitrogen?
Authors: Mikshiev Vladimir Y. , Pozharskii Alexander F. , Filarowski Alexander , Novikov Alexander S. , Antonov Alexander S. , Tolstoy Peter M. , Vovk Mikhail A. , Khoroshilova Olesya V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe protonation of the carboxamide nitrogen atom is an essential part ofin vivoandin vitroprocesses (cis‐transisomerization, amides hydrolysis etc). This phenomenon is well studied in geometrically strongly distorted amides, although there is little data concerning the protonation of undistorted amides. In the latter case, the participation of amide nitrogen in hydrogen bonding (which can be regarded as the incipient state of a proton transfer process) is less well‐studied. Thus, it would be a worthy goal to investigate the enthalpy of this interaction. We prepared and investigated a set ofperi‐substituted naphthalenes containing the protonated dimethylamino group next to the amide nitrogen atom (“amide proton sponges”), which could serve as models for the study of an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the amide nitrogen atom. X‐Ray analysis, NMR spectra, basicity values as well as quantum chemical calculations revealed the existence of a hydrogen bond with the amide nitrogen, that should be attributed to the borderline between moderate and weak intramolecular hydrogen bonds (2–7 kcal ⋅ mol−1).
Selection of the Recommended Phase 2 Dose for Bintrafusp Alfa, a Bifunctional Fusion Protein Targeting TGF‐β and PD‐L1
Authors: Vugmeyster Yulia , Wilkins Justin , Koenig Andre , El Bawab Samer , Dussault Isabelle , Ojalvo Laureen S. , De Banerjee Samrita , Klopp‐Schulze Lena , Khandelwal Akash 
Published: January 2020

Bintrafusp alfa, a first‐in‐class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGF‐βRII receptor (TGF‐β “trap”) fused to a human IgG1‐blocking PD‐L1, showed a manageable safety profile and clinical activity in phase I studies in patients with heavily pretreated advanced solid tumors. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was selected based on integration of modeling, simulations, and all available data. A 1,200‐mg every 2 weeks (q2w) dose was predicted to maintain serum trough concentration (Ctrough) that inhibits all targets of bintrafusp alfa in circulation in > 95% of patients, and a 2,400‐mg every 3 weeks (q3w) dose was predicted to have similar Ctrough. A trend toward an association between exposure and efficacy variables and a relatively stronger inverse association between clearance and efficacy variables were observed. Exposure was either weakly or not correlated with probability of adverse events. The selected intravenous RP2D of bintrafusp alfa is 1,200 mg q2w or 2,400 mg q3w.
Canola is injured by in‐row nitrogen placement associated with disc openers, but not by tine openers
Authors: Swanepoel Pieter A. , Labuschagne Johan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeed drills are used in no‐tillage systems to place seed directly in soil. Various furrow openers exist, each with unique seed and fertilizer placement characteristics, particularly positioning of fertilizer in relation to the position of the seed. Seedling damage may occur if seed and fertilizer placement is not appropriate for the particular crop. Canola (Brassica napus L.) seed is small, resulting in seedlings susceptible to injury by fertilizers. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in‐row N placement with a seed drill fitted with single‐ and double‐chute tine openers, and disc openers. The study was performed in a Mediterranean‐type climate region in South Africa over 2 yr. Plant establishment was reduced by 48% when canola was established with disc openers with no separation between N and the seed (P < .05). Tine openers were most successful in establishing an acceptable plant population, as well as ensuring high biomass production throughout the season, leading to a high leaf area index. Although no yield differences (P > .05) were observed between openers, it was concluded that the application of N in the band at the same position as the seed is a risk. Tine openers, either with a single or double seed chute, that separate seed and fertilizer resulted in the best canola performance.
Item reduction of the 39‐item Rotterdam Diabetic Foot Study Test Battery using decision tree modelling
Authors: Rinkel Willem D. , van der Oest Mark J. W. , Coert J. Henk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsPedal sensory loss due to diabetes‐related neuropathy can be graded by testing static two‐point discrimination (S2PD), moving two‐point discrimination (M2PD), static one‐point discrimination (S1PD; eg, 10‐g monofilament), and vibration sense and is included in the Rotterdam Diabetic Foot (RDF) Study Test Battery. The aim of this study is to investigate if decision tree modelling is able to reduce the number of tests needed in estimating pedal sensation.MethodsThe 39‐item RDF Study Test Battery (RDF‐39) scores were collected from the prospective RDF study and included baseline (n = 416), first follow‐up (n = 364), and second follow‐up (n = 135) measurements, supplemented with cross‐sectional control data from a previous study (n = 196). Decision tree analysis was used to predict total RDF‐39 scores using individual test item data. The tree was developed using baseline RDF study data and validated in follow‐up and control data. Spearman correlation coefficients assessed the reliability between the decision tree and original RDF‐39.ResultsThe tree reduced the number of items from 39 to 3 in estimating the RDF‐39 sum score. M2PD (hallux), S2PD (first dorsal web, fifth toe), vibration sense (interphalangeal joint), and S1PD (first dorsal web, fifth toe) measurements proved to be predictive. The correlation coefficients to original scores were high (0.76 to 0.91).ConclusionsThe decision tree was successful at reducing the number of RDF Test Battery items to only 3, with high correlation coefficients to the scores of the full test battery. The findings of this study aids medical decision making by time efficiently estimating pedal sensory status with fewer tests needed.
Phylogeography and demographic history of Gyrodactylus konovalovi (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae), an ectoparasite on the East Asia Amur minnow (Cyprinidae) in Central China
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Juan , Tang Ling , Chen Xiaoning , Yan Jun , You Ping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGyrodactylus konovalovi is an ectoparasite on the Amur minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii) that is widely distributed in the cold fresh waters of East Asia. In the present study, the phylogeography and demographic history of G. konovalovi and the distribution of its host in the Qinling Mountains are examined. A total of 79 individual parasites was sequenced for a 528 bp region of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene, and 25 haplotypes were obtained. The substitution rate (dN/dS) was 0.068 and indicated purifying selection. Haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) varied widely in the Qinling Mountains. Phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods and network analysis revealed that all haplotypes were consistently well‐supported in three different lineages, indicating a significant geographic distribution pattern. There was a significant positive correlation between genetic differentiation (Fst) and geographic distance. The results of mismatch distribution, neutrality test and Bayesian skyline plot analyses showed that whole populations underwent population contraction during the Pleistocene. Based on the molecular clock calibration, the most common ancestor was estimated to have emerged in the middle Pleistocene. Our study suggests for the first time that a clearly phylogeography of G. konovalovi was shaped by geological events and climate fluctuations, such as orogenesis, drainage capture changes, and vicariance, during the Pleistocene in the Qinling Mountains.