bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lorazepam on prosaccades and saccadic adaptation
Authors: Bey Katharina , Lippold Julia V , Aslan Behrem , Hurlemann René , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

Background: Benzodiazepines have reliable adverse effects on saccadic eye movements, but the impact of sex as a potential modulator of these effects is less clear. A recent study reported stronger adverse effects on the spatial consistency of saccades in females, which may reflect sex differences in cerebellar mechanisms. Aims: We aimed to further examine the role of sex as a potential modulator of benzodiazepine effects by employing the saccadic adaptation paradigm, which is known to be sensitive to cerebellar functioning. Methods: A total of n=50 healthy adults performed a horizontal step prosaccade task and a saccadic adaptation task under 0.5 mg lorazepam, 1 mg lorazepam and placebo in a double-blind, within-subjects design. Results: In the prosaccade task, lorazepam had adverse effects on measures of peak velocity, latency and spatial consistency. The administration of 0.5 mg lorazepam led to significant reductions in gain-decrease adaptation, while a dose of 1 mg did not impair adaptation learning. Gain-increase adaptation was generally less pronounced, and unaffected by the drug. There were no significant drug×sex interactions in either task. Conclusions: We conclude that a low dose of lorazepam impairs gain-decrease adaptation independent of sex. At higher doses, however, increasing fatigue may facilitate adaptation and thus counteract the adverse effects observed at lower doses. With regards to prosaccades, our findings confirm peak velocity as well as latency and spatial measures as sensitive biomarkers of GABAergic effects.
Crosstalk between lncRNA DANCR and miR-125b-5p in HCC cell progression
Authors: Yang Ling , Jiang Mi-Na , Liu Yang , Wu Chao-Qun , Liu Hong 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DANCR on the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods: The expression levels of DANCR and miR-125b-5p were measured in normal hepatocytes (LO2) and HCC cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were transfected with sh-DANCR, the negative control (sh-NC), miR-125b-5p mimic, or mimic NC or cotransfected with sh-DANCR and miR-125b-5p inhibitor. HCC cell proliferation was assessed through CCK8 and plate colony formation assay. Western blot quantified the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-3. Apoptotic rate was detected as well as migratory and invasive capacities. The implication of the MAPK signal pathway was assessed by detecting the expression levels of p38, ERK1/2, JNK, p-p38, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK. Interactions between DANCR and miR-125b-5p were detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. Results: In HCC cells, DANCR was highly expressed and miR-125b-5p was decreased. sh-DANCR or miR-125b-5p mimic stimulation reduced HepG2 or Huh-7 cell progression while promoted cell apoptosis evidenced by increased apoptotic rate, elevated levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and decreased Bcl-2. Moreover, the migration rate and invasiveness of HCC cells were also inhibited by sh-DANCR and miR-125b-5p mimic. Levels of p-p38/p38, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, and p-JNK/JNK were suppressed by sh-DANCR and miR-125b-5p mimic. LncRNA DANCR negatively targeted and directly bound to miR-125b-5p. Knockdown of miR-125b-5p could reverse the inhibitory effects of sh-DANCR on HCC cells. Conclusion: In HCC cells, lncRNA DANCR sponges miR-125b-5p and activates MAPK pathway, thus facilitating HCC cell progression.
Problematising the Global in Global IR
Authors: Anderl Felix , Witt Antonia 
Published: December 2020

International Relations (IR) has long been criticised for taking a particular (Western) experience as basis for formulating theories with claim to universal validity. ‘Non-Western’, ‘post-Western’, and postcolonial theories have been criticising the problem of Western parochialism and have developed specific strategies of changing IR. Global IR has taken up some of these concerns and aims at changing the discipline by theorising international politics as multiplex, taking different experiences, histories, and agencies into account. Yet, we argue that this agenda rests on a partial reading of IR’s critics, failing to take seriously the epistemological and methodological critiques of IR and therefore perpetuating some of the discipline’s ‘globalisms’. Therefore, first, Global IR reifies the idea of a truly universal body of knowledge. The global is logically prior to this as an imagined space of politics and knowledge. Second, Global IR assumes that scholars around the world aspire and are able to contribute to a single body of knowledge. While reifying these globalisms, Global IR fails to ask where this global imaginary comes from and what its effects are on the distribution of power and wealth. We argue that instead of assuming ‘the global’ as descriptive category, a more substantial and reflexive critique of IR’s exclusionary biases should start from reconstructing these globalisms and their effects. Problématiser le « mondial » dans les RI mondiales
Four steps to standardize reporting of peritoneal dialysis technique failure: A proposed approach
Authors: Clarke Alix , Ravani Pietro , Oliver Matthew J , Mahsin Mohamed , Lam Ngan N , Fox Danielle E , Qirjazi Elena , Ward David R , MacRae Jennifer M , Quinn Robert R 
Published: December 2020

Background: Technique failure is an important outcome measure in research and quality improvement in peritoneal dialysis (PD) programs, but there is a lack of consistency in how it is reported. Methods: We used data collected about incident dialysis patients from 10 Canadian dialysis programs between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018. We identified four main steps that are required when calculating the risk of technique failure. We changed one variable at a time, and then all steps, simultaneously, to determine the impact on the observed risk of technique failure at 24 months. Results: A total of 1448 patients received PD. Selecting different cohorts of PD patients changed the observed risk of technique failure at 24 months by 2%. More than one-third of patients who switched to hemodialysis returned to PD—90% returned within 180 days. The use of different time windows of observation for a return to PD resulted in risks of technique failure that differed by 16%. The way in which exit events were handled during the time window impacted the risk of technique failure by 4% and choice of statistical method changed results by 4%. Overall, the observed risk of technique failure at 24 months differed by 20%, simply by applying different approaches to the same data set. Conclusions: The approach to reporting technique failure has an important impact on the observed results. We present a robust and transparent methodology to track technique failure over time and to compare performance between programs.
Comparing Bone-Tendon Autograft With Bone-Tendon-Bone Autograft for ACL Reconstruction: A Matched-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Cruz Christian A. , Goldberg Daniel , Wake Jeffrey , Sy Joshua , Mannino Brian J. , Min Kyong S. , Bottoni Craig R. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) using bone-tendon-bone (BTB) autograft is associated with increased postoperative anterior knee pain and pain with kneeling and has the risk of intra- and postoperative patellar fracture. Additionally, graft-tunnel mismatch is problematic, often leading to inadequate osseous fixation. Given the disadvantages of BTB, an alternative is a bone-tendon autograft (BTA) procedure that has been developed at our institution. BTA is a patellar tendon autograft with the single bone plug taken from the tibia. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of BTA ACLR. We hypothesized that this procedure will provide noninferior failure rates and clinical outcomes when compared with a BTB autograft, as well as a lower incidence of anterior knee pain, pain with kneeling, and patellar fracture. Methods: A consecutive series of 52 patients treated with BTA ACLR were retrospectively identified and compared with 50 age-matched patients who underwent BTB ACLR. The primary outcome was ACL graft failure, while secondary outcomes included subjective instability, anterior knee pain, kneeling pain, and functional outcome scores (Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form). Results: At a mean follow-up of 29.3 months after surgery, there were 2 reruptures in the BTA cohort (4.0%) and 2 in the BTB cohort (4.0%). In the BTA group, 18% of patients reported anterior knee pain versus 36% of the BTB group ( P = .04). A total of 22% of patients noted pain or pressure with kneeling in the BTA cohort, as opposed to 48% in the BTB cohort ( P = .006). There were no differences in functional scores. In the BTA group, 94.2% of patients reported that their knees subjectively felt stable, as compared with 86% in the BTB group ( P = .18). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the BTA ACLR leads to similarly low rates of ACL graft failure requiring revision surgery, with significantly decreased anterior knee pain and kneeling pain when compared with a BTB. Additionally, the potential complications of graft-tunnel mismatch and patellar fracture are eliminated with the BTA ACLR technique.
Women’s Caregiving Experience of Older Persons Living With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias and Multiple Chronic Conditions: Using Wuest’s Theory
Authors: Peacock Shelley , Bayly Melanie , Duggleby Wendy , Ploeg Jenny , Pollard Lori , Swindle Jennifer , Lee Heun Jung , Williams Allison , Markle-Reid Maureen , McAiney Carrie 
Published: December 2020

Introduction Care of persons living with chronic conditions rests heavily on women within the context of the family. Research demonstrates that women experience more caregiving strain compared to men, yet less is known about the differences in experiences between women carers: namely, wives and daughters. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the experiences of wife and daughter carers of older adults living with Alzheimer disease and related dementias, plus at least two other chronic conditions. Methods Using qualitative description with Wuest’s feminist caring theory of precarious ordering as an analytic framework, interview transcripts of women carer participants who were from the control group of a larger multi-site mixed methods study evaluating the web-based intervention My Tools 4 Care were analyzed. Findings Both wives and daughters experienced daily struggles, altered prospects, and ambivalent feelings around their caring role. Negotiating the role of professional carer was an important part of balancing caring demands and anticipating the future, and women took an active role in trying to harness caring resources. Findings indicated wives and daughters were generally similar in how they described their caregiving, although daughters reported more shared caring and decision-making, and needed to balance paid employment with caregiving. Conclusion Wives and daughters face similar challenges caring for persons with a dementia and multiple chronic conditions, and actively engage in strategies to manage caring demands. The findings illuminate the importance of accessible, appropriate support from professional carers/health care providers, and suggest that assistance navigating such supports would benefit women carers.
Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopic characterization of iron and carbon in iron-loaded Japanese cypress charcoal
Authors: Yamagishi Takayuki , Yamauchi Shigeru , Suzuki Kyoko , Suzuki Tsutomu , Kurimoto Yasuji , Takayama Tsutomu , Sakai Yoichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractJapanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) wood powder impregnated with Fe3+ ions was carbonized using one-step and two-step procedures, and the iron-loaded charcoal was examined using Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the physicochemical states of iron and carbon after carbonization at various temperatures. In the one-step procedure, the Mössbauer spectra confirmed that charcoal carbonized at 750 °C and 800 °C contained Fe3C, suggesting that the reduction of Fe3+ started at lower than 750 °C. The content of Fe3C increased substantially in charcoal carbonized at 850 °C and 900 °C, and metallic iron (γ-Fe and/or α-Fe) was also detected in these charcoal samples. Raman spectral line-shapes of the charcoal carbonized at 750 °C and 800 °C were notably different from those of charcoal carbonized at 850 °C and 900 °C, which indicated that crystallization of carbon progressed rapidly in the temperature range 800–850 °C. The changes in Raman spectra probably corresponded to those in the Mössbauer spectra, namely, the graphitization was closely related to the reduction of Fe3+. The degree of graphitization in the charcoal carbonized at 850 °C using the two-step procedure was higher than that using the one-step procedure. Mössbauer spectra suggested that the two-step carbonization enhances the yield of ferromagnetic iron species in iron-loaded charcoal.
Regional registration of whole slide image stacks containing major histological artifacts
Authors: Paknezhad Mahsa , Loh Sheng Yang Michael , Choudhury Yukti , Koh Valerie Koh Cui , Yong Timothy Tay Kwang , Tan Hui Shan , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Tan Puay Hoon , Peng John Yuen Shyi , Yu Weimiao , Tan Yongcheng Benjamin , Loy Yong Zhen , Tan Min-Han , Lee Hwee Kuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh resolution 2D whole slide imaging provides rich information about the tissue structure. This information can be a lot richer if these 2D images can be stacked into a 3D tissue volume. A 3D analysis, however, requires accurate reconstruction of the tissue volume from the 2D image stack. This task is not trivial due to the distortions such as tissue tearing, folding and missing at each slide. Performing registration for the whole tissue slices may be adversely affected by distorted tissue regions. Consequently, regional registration is found to be more effective. In this paper, we propose a new approach to an accurate and robust registration of regions of interest for whole slide images. We introduce the idea of multi-scale attention for registration.ResultsUsing mean similarity index as the metric, the proposed algorithm (mean ± SD$$0.84 \pm 0.11$$0.84±0.11) followed by a fine registration algorithm ($$0.86 \pm 0.08$$0.86±0.08) outperformed the state-of-the-art linear whole tissue registration algorithm ($$0.74 \pm 0.19$$0.74±0.19) and the regional version of this algorithm ($$0.81 \pm 0.15$$0.81±0.15). The proposed algorithm also outperforms the state-of-the-art nonlinear registration algorithm (original:$$0.82 \pm 0.12$$0.82±0.12, regional:$$0.77 \pm 0.22$$0.77±0.22) for whole slide images and a recently proposed patch-based registration algorithm (patch size 256:$$0.79 \pm 0.16$$0.79±0.16, patch size 512:$$0.77 \pm 0.16$$0.77±0.16) for medical images.ConclusionUsing multi-scale attention mechanism leads to a more robust and accurate solution to the problem of regional registration of whole slide images corrupted in some parts by major histological artifacts in the imaged tissue.
Designing a chimeric subunit vaccine for influenza virus, based on HA2, M2e and CTxB: a bioinformatics study
Authors: Jafari Davod , Malih Sara , Gomari Mohammad Mahmoudi , Safari Marzieh , Jafari Rasool , Farajollahi Mohammad Morad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Type A influenza viruses are contagious and even life-threatening if left untreated. So far, no broadly protective vaccine is available due to rapid antigenic changes and emergence of new subtypes of influenza virus. In this study, we exploited bioinformatics tools in order to design a subunit chimeric vaccine from the antigenic and highly conserved regions of HA and M2 proteins of H7N9 subtype of influenza virus. We used mucosal adjuvant candidates, including CTxB, STxB, ASP-1, and LTB to stimulate mucosal immunity and analyzed the combination of HA2, M2e, and the adjuvant. Furthermore, to improve the antigen function and to maintain their three-dimensional structure, 12 different linkers including six rigid linkers and six flexible linkers were used. The 3D structure model was generated using a combination of homology and ab initio modeling methods and the molecular dynamics of the model were analyzed, either.

Results
Analysis of different adjuvants showed that using CtxB as an adjuvant, results in higher overall vaccine stability and higher half-life among four adjuvant candidates. Fusion of antigens and the CTxB in the form of M2e-linker-CTxB-linker-HA2 has the most stability and half life compared to other combination forms. Furthermore, the KPKPKP rigid linker showed the best result for this candidate vaccine among 12 analyzed linkers. The changes in the vaccine 3D structure made by linker insertion found to be negligible, however, although small, the linker insertion between the antigens causes the structure to change slightly. Eventually, using predictive tools such as Ellipro, NetMHCpan I and II, CD4episcore, CTLpred, BepiPred and other epitope analyzing tools, we analyzed the conformational and linear epitopes of the vaccine. The solubility, proteasome cleavage sites, peptidase and potential chemical cutters, codon optimization, post translational modification were also carried out on the final vaccine.

Conclusions
It is concluded that M2e-Linker-CTxB-Linker-HA2 combination of chimeric vaccine retains its 3D structure and antigenicity when KPKPKP used as linker and CTxB used as adjuvant.
Efficient COI barcoding using high throughput single-end 400 bp sequencing
Authors: Yang Chentao , Zheng Yuxuan , Tan Shangjin , Meng Guanliang , Rao Wei , Yang Caiqing , Bourne David G. , O’Brien Paul A. , Xu Junqiang , Liao Sha , Chen Ao , Chen Xiaowei , Jia Xinrui , Zhang Ai-bing , Liu Shanlin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Over the last decade, the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing platforms has accelerated species description and assisted morphological classification through DNA barcoding. However, the current high-throughput DNA barcoding methods cannot obtain full-length barcode sequences due to read length limitations (e.g. a maximum read length of 300 bp for the Illumina’s MiSeq system), or are hindered by a relatively high cost or low sequencing output (e.g. a maximum number of eight million reads per cell for the PacBio’s SEQUEL II system).

Results
Pooled cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes from individual specimens were sequenced on the MGISEQ-2000 platform using the single-end 400 bp (SE400) module. We present a bioinformatic pipeline, HIFI-SE, that takes reads generated from the 5′ and 3′ ends of the COI barcode region and assembles them into full-length barcodes. HIFI-SE is written in Python and includes four function modules of filter, assign, assembly and taxonomy. We applied the HIFI-SE to a set of 845 samples (30 marine invertebrates, 815 insects) and delivered a total of 747 fully assembled COI barcodes as well as 70 Wolbachia and fungi symbionts. Compared to their corresponding Sanger sequences (72 sequences available), nearly all samples (71/72) were correctly and accurately assembled, including 46 samples that had a similarity score of 100% and 25 of ca. 99%.

Conclusions
The HIFI-SE pipeline represents an efficient way to produce standard full-length barcodes, while the reasonable cost and high sensitivity of our method can contribute considerably more DNA barcodes under the same budget. Our method thereby advances DNA-based species identification from diverse ecosystems and increases the number of relevant applications.
The characteristics and risk factors of in-stent restenosis in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: what can we do
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Qiao Haixia , Wang RuiJuan , Hou Ruitian , Guo Jingtao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common treatment for patients with coronary heart disease, and intra-stent restenosis (ISR) is a serious complication after PCI. It’s necessary to identify the potential risk factors to provide evidence for the prevention of ISR.

Methods
The patients who underwent coronary angiography 1 year after PCI in our hospital from January 2017 to May 2019 were selected. The characteristics and results of clinical examination of ISR and no-ISR patients were compared, Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors.

Results
A total of 209 patients were included, the incidence of ISR after PCI was 30.62%. There were significant differences on the hypertension, diabetes, number of coronary artery lesions, reasons for stent implantation, the diameter of stent, the length of stent and stent position between ISR group and no-ISR patients (all p < 0.05). The LDL-C in ISR groups was significantly higher than that of no-ISR group (p = 0.048), there were no significant differences between two groups in FPG, TG, TC, HDL-C, Apo A1, Apo B, LP-a and glycated haemoglobin (all p > 0.05). The hypertension (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.12–9.34), diabetes (OR 5.29, 95% CI 1.25–9.01), number of coronary artery lesions ≥ 2 (OR 4.84, 95% CI 1.21–9.55), LDL-C ≥ 1.9 mmol/L (OR 5.93, 95% CI 2.29–10.01), unstable angina (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.20–4.55), left anterior descending artery (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.73–7.58), diameter of stent ≥ 3 mm (OR 5.42, 95% CI 1.24–10.84), the length of stent > 20 mm (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.19–5.22) were the independent risk factor for ISR (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion
It is necessary to take preventive measures against these risk factors to reduce ISR, and studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up on this issue are needed in the future.
Integrating nurse practitioners into primary care: policy considerations from a Canadian province
Authors: Black Stacey , Fadaak Raad , Leslie Myles 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The integration of nurse practitioners (NPs) into primary care health teams has been an object of interest for policy makers seeking to achieve the goals of improving care, increasing access, and lowering cost. The province of Alberta in Canada recently introduced a policy aimed at integrating NPs into existing primary care delivery structures. This qualitative research sought to understand how that policy – the NP Support Program (NPSP) – was viewed by key stakeholders and to draw out policy lessons.

Methods
Fifteen semi-structured interviews with NPs and other stakeholders in Alberta’s primary care system were conducted, recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the interpretive description method.

Results
Stakeholders predominantly felt the NPSP would not change the status quo of limited practice opportunities and the resulting underutilization of primary care NPs in the province. Participants attributed low levels of NP integration into the primary care system to: 1) financial viability issues that directly impacted NPs, physicians, and primary care networks (PCNs); 2) policy issues related to the NPSP’s reliance on PCNs as employers, and a requirement that NPs panel patients; and 3) governance issues in which NPs are not afforded sufficient authority over their role or how the key concept of ‘care team’ is defined and operationalized.

Conclusions
In general, stakeholders did not see the NPSP as a long-term solution for increasing NP integration into the province’s primary care system. Policy adjustments that enable NPs to access funding not only from within but also outside PCNs, and modifications to allow greater NP input into how their role is utilized would likely improve the NPSP’s ability to reach its goals.