bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imago Dei and human rights protections of forced migrants: A North Korean case study
Authors: Yoon I Sil 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, I examine the significance of the theological concept of Imago Dei in recognizing the dignity of North Koreans and in necessitating socio‐structural transformation for their human rights protections in South Korean society. North Koreans residing in South Korea are an example case of forced migrants who experience mistreatment and discrimination in their destination country. In this reality, the concept of Imago Dei can call South Koreans to recognize North Koreans’ dignity. It can further criticize South Korea's social structure that intensifies North Koreas’ maladjustment in South Korean society, and necessitate institutional levels of transformation.
Management of type 2 diabetes using non‐insulin glucose‐lowering therapies: a critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines with the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Lam W. M. J. , Al‐Khalifah R. , Florez I. D. , Cruz‐Lopes L. , Sekercioglu M. F. , Couban R. , Fu R. , Cherney D. Z. I. , Sekercioglu N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimType 2 diabetes is a major global epidemic affecting over 400 million people worldwide. The objective of this systematic review was to provide an overview of recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) addressing non‐insulin based pharmacological management of among non‐pregnant adults in an outpatient setting, and critically appraise their methodological development.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase databases, for relevant guidelines using the Ovid interface. We scanned the bibliographies of all eligible guidelines for additional relevant citations. Teams of two reviewers, independently and in duplicate, screened titles and abstracts and potentially eligible full text reports to determine eligibility and appraised the reporting quality of guidelines using the Advancing Guideline Development, Reporting and Evaluation in Health Care instrument II (AGREE II) instrument.ResultsOur search yielded 11264 unique citations, of which 124 were retrieved for full‐text review; 17 guidelines proved eligible. The highest scoring AGREE domain was ‘clarity of presentation’ (66%; range 7–92%), followed by ‘scope and purpose’ (58%; range 25–92%), ‘editorial independence’ (55%; range 0–91%), ‘stakeholder involvement’ (45%; range 11–90%) and ‘rigour of development’ (43%; range 4–92%). The poorest domain was ‘applicability’ (37%; range 6–84%). The guidelines authored by the World Health Organization group achieved the highest AGREE overall score.ConclusionsMost of the guidelines provided recommendations with a local jurisdictional focus and showed significant variation in the quality. Nevertheless, only a small number of those scored well overall.
Heidegger and the genesis of social ontology: Mitwelt, Mitsein, and the problem of other people
Authors: Knudsen Nicolai Krejberg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article traces the development of how the early Heidegger tried to integrate the structures of social life into phenomenological ontology. Firstly, I argue that Heidegger's analysis of the three elements of the lifeworld—the with‐world (Mitwelt), the environing world (Umwelt), and the self‐world (Selbstwelt)—is ambiguous, because it shifts between defining sociality as a domain of entities and a mode of appearance. This is untenable because the social as a mode of appearance constantly overflows the definition as a domain by implicating social structures in phenomenological explications of entities that, formally, belong to other domains. Secondly, I argue that Heidegger realized this and subsequently changed his terminology from Mitwelt to Mitsein in order to avoid confusing the mode of appearance with the innerworldly entities. The systematic consequence of this line of argument is that the object of social ontology must be the world as such rather than a particular domain. Lastly, I respond to the common worry that this position is unable to explain the significance of interpersonal encounters by arguing that the world not only makes the appearance of others possible but also that the world is itself at stake in these encounters.
Crop Origins and Phylo Food: A database and a phylogenetic tree to stimulate comparative analyses on the origins of food crops
Authors: Milla Rubén 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMotivationKnowledge on the origins of food crops in the wild is abundant but fragmentary and unconsolidated, which hinders macroecological approaches to long‐standing questions on the phylogeography and history of crop origins.Main types of variable contained(a) Comprehensive checklist of crop species cultivated for food; (b) data on diverse continuous and categorical descriptors of antiquity of cultivation (earliest written records of cultivation and of domestication), organ harvested for primary use, and growth form; (c) identities, geographic distribution and current climate at the origin of crops’ wild progenitors; (d) a time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny (Phylo Food v 1.0) of food crops.Spatial location and grainGlobal. Spatial accuracy of geographic records for wild progenitors varies among Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) source databases. WorldClim data were retrieved at 2.5 min (approximately 4.5 km at the equator) spatial resolution.Time period and grainTemporal accuracy of estimation of cultivation antiquity varies among sources, but unit of measurements is years ago. The scale of the phylogenetic tree is millions of years ago.Major taxa and level of measurementFlowering plants. Specifically, 866 species of food crops and 901 species of wild progenitors. Most information was retrieved at the species level. However, geographic occurrence of wild progenitors was obtained from GBIF records of observations of individuals of a given species in the field.Software formatCrop Origins v 1.0 and Phylo Food v 1.0 are provided as zipped files in the Supporting Information of this paper. The zipped files contain a. csv file with v 1.0 of the Crop Origins database, a. tre file with Newick format as Phylo Food v 1.0, metadata and literature sources files for both resources, and R code used to build Phylo Food v 1.0. The resources are also deposited, and will be regularly updated, at https://rubenmilla.github.io/Crop_Origins_Phylo.
Comparison of the efficacy of surgical tracheostomy and percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy with flexible lightwand and ultrasonography in geriatric intensive care patients
Authors: Boran Ömer Faruk , Bilal Bora , Bilal Nagihan , Öksüz Hafize , Boran Maruf , Yazar Fatih Mehmet 
Published: January 2020

AimTo compare the applicability, technical difficulties and postoperative complications of surgical tracheostomy and percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy with the flexible lightwand + ultrasonography method applied because of prolonged intubation to geriatric patients in the intensive care unit.MethodsA retrospective evaluation was made of 76 patients who received surgical tracheostomy (group 1) and 78 patients who received percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (group 2). The patients were evaluated in respect of demographic data, duration of intubation, length of stay in the intensive care unit and discharge status, and after the intervention, the development of tube‐related complications, early stage local complications and late‐stage complications.ResultsThe time from intubation to tracheostomy was determined as 22.73 ± 15.23 days in group 1 and 12.65 ± 7.64 days in group 2. The mortality rate of patients in group 1 was determined to be statistically significantly higher than that of group 2 (P = 0.048). When evaluated in respect to early and late complications, nine early‐ and seven late‐stage complications developed in group 1, and three early‐ and three late‐stage complications developed in group 2 (P = 0.05). In the evaluation of factors related to mortality, the time from intubation to tracheostomy (r = 0.249, P = 0.01) and the presence of a comorbidity (r = 0.325, P = 0.004) were determined to have a positive correlation with the development of mortality.ConclusionPercutaneous dilatational tracheostomy with the flexible lightwand + ultrasonography technique is a safe, rapid and effective method with the advantage of management in respect to early complications, such as bleeding, and can be used safely in the geriatric patient population in intensive care conditions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
‘SCHNAPS AUS DEN DUNKELSTEN PFLAUMEN’: THE CORRUPTION OF NATURE AND THE CENTRALITY OF THE HOLOCAUST IN THE WORK OF HERTA MÜLLER
Authors: Watson Jenny 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerta Müller's work is permeated with images of death and violence associated with the natural world. Plants, processes of growth and decay, and even the earth itself are represented as sentient and threatening, as collaborators with the Ceauşescu regime and enemies of humanity. This trope, part of a wider denaturalisation of food, eating, and the natural cycle I term ‘obscene consumption’, is particularly evident in the novel Herztier, first published in 1994, but can be traced back through earlier works to the author's first and most enduring artistic preoccupation: the Holocaust. Building on theories of the concentrationary imaginary and Lazarean art, this article explores the role of cultural memory in the creation of Müller's imagery and argues for a re‐evaluation of her writing as a significant contribution to the literature of post‐fascism both within and beyond Germany.
DER ʻEIGENE KALENDERʼ DES ERINNERNS: DIE WAHRHEIT DER ERFUNDENEN ERINNERUNG IN HERTA MÜLLERS ROMANEN, ERZÄHLUNGEN UND ESSAYS
Authors: Eke Norbert Otto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe paper discusses the relationship between authenticity and fictionality, and ‘true’ and ‘false’ memory in Herta Müller's works. There is no doubt about the relativity and context‐dependency of memory. Nevertheless, Müller's novels, stories, and essays display, as I shall outline in the following, a convincing modus of ascertaining the truth through fiction.
Field Study of Soil Vapor Extraction for Reducing Off‐Site Vapor Intrusion
Authors: Stewart Lloyd , Lutes Chris , Truesdale Robert , Schumacher Brian , Zimmerman John H. , Connell Rebecca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil vapor extraction (SVE) is effective for removing volatile organic compound (VOC) mass from the vadose zone and reducing the potential for vapor intrusion (VI) into overlying and surrounding buildings. However, the relationship between residual mass in the subsurface and VI is complex. Through a series of alternating extraction (SVE on) and rebound (SVE off) periods, this field study explored the relationship and aspects of SVE applicable to VI mitigation in a commercial/light‐industrial setting. The primary objective was to determine if SVE could provide VI mitigation over a wide area encompassing multiple buildings, city streets, and subsurface utilities and eliminate the need for individual subslab depressurization systems. We determined that SVE effectively mitigates offsite VI by intercepting or diluting contaminant vapors that would otherwise enter buildings through foundation slabs. Data indicate a measurable (5 Pa) influence of SVE on subslab/indoor pressure differential may occur but is not essential for effective VI mitigation. Indoor air quality improvements were evident in buildings 100 to 200 feet away from SVE including those without a measurable reversal of differential pressure across the slab or substantial reductions in subslab VOC concentration. These cases also demonstrated mitigation effects across a four‐lane avenue with subsurface utilities. These findings suggest that SVE affects distant VI entry points with little observable impact on differential pressures and without relying on subslab VOC concentration reductions.
HEADWORK Questionnaire: Why Do We Need a New Tool to Assess Work‐Related Disability in Patients With Migraine?
Authors: D’Amico Domenico , Grazzi Licia , Grignani Eleonora , Leonardi Matilde , Sansone Emanuela , Raggi Alberto ,   The HEADWORK Study Group
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis article reviews current headache disability measures and clinical need, as well as presenting the rationale for a new measure addressing work‐related disability in migraine patients and the steps devoted to this aim.BackgroundEpisodic and chronic migraine (EM and CM) constitute an enormous economic burden to societies, and the vast majority of this burden is attributable to indirect costs, ie those associated with productivity loss. A measure of work‐related disability is therefore needed to quantify the impact of EM and CM on patients' ability to carry out work tasks.MethodsWe briefly present the advantages and disadvantages of the disability measures that have been most commonly used for this purpose and the rationale for developing a new measure.ResultsThe entire process of development of HEADWORK, a questionnaire designed to assess work‐related disability, is presented together with short‐term sensitivity to change.ConclusionsCurrent headache disability measures need improvement. HEADWORK is a valid, reliable, and sensitive questionnaire to address the amount and severity of work‐related difficulties and of the factors contributing to such difficulties. HEADWORK is suitable for daily clinical practice, epidemiological research and for clinical trials, and potentially to define work‐related disability weights for the calculation of migraine indirect costs.
The inclusion of mothers in human resources for health planning
Authors: Dol Justine , Tomblin Murphy Gail , Rigby Janet , Campbell‐Yeo Marsha 
Published: January 2020

AimThis paper examines the possibility of including families, particularly mothers, within the health workforce using the human resource for health planning model to improve newborn outcomes.BackgroundIn many low‐ and middle‐income countries, there is a critical shortage of healthcare providers which impacts care for the neonatal population. A maternal and newborn health need that is prevalent in such countries is the care available between pregnancy and the postnatal period, where significant maternal and newborn deaths occur.Sources of evidenceUsing the population health need of the neonatal population in Tanzania, this paper explores the opportunity to include mothers as an additional human resource for health within the Needs‐Based Health Human Resources and Health Systems Planning model.DiscussionIn relation to educating and engaging family caregivers, the possible extension of the health workforce to include mothers as a response to meeting the healthcare needs of the neonatal population has yet to be explored. Through mothers and healthcare providers working together to address the population health need of essential newborn care, it offers a way forward for planning the resources needed in a health system. If utilized, mothers offer the opportunity to supplement the demand for human resources for health in the provision of newborn care, without replacing healthcare providers.ConclusionMothers as potential members of the health workforce furthers the health system as a whole whereby population health needs are addressed and newborn mortality declines.Implications for health policyTo solve the critical gap based on the supply of and demand for providers including doctors, nurses and midwives, a broader look at innovative solutions is essential.Implications for nursing practiceMothers offer the opportunity to supplement the available human resources for health in the provision of newborn care, thus helping to close existing gaps.
Is there a 'safe area' where the nonresponse rate has only a modest effect on bias despite non‐ignorable nonresponse?
Authors: Hedlin Dan 
Published: January 2020

SummaryRising nonresponse rates in social surveys make the issue of nonresponse bias contentious. There are conflicting messages about the importance of high response rates and the hazards of low rates. Some articles (e.g. Groves and Peytcheva, 2008) suggest that the response rate is in general not a good predictor of survey quality. Equally, it is well known that nonresponse may induce bias and increase data collection costs. We go back in the history of the literature of nonresponse and suggest a possible reason to the notion that even a rather small nonresponse rate makes the quality of a survey debatable. We also explore the relationship between nonresponse rate and bias, assuming non‐ignorable nonresponse and focusing on estimates of totals or means. We show that there is a ‘safe area’ enclosed by the response rate on the one hand and the correlation between the response propensity and the study variable on the other hand; in this area, (1) the response rate does not greatly affect the nonresponse bias, and (2) the nonresponse bias is small.
A novel CMAS‐resistant material based on thermodynamic equilibrium design: Apatite‐type Gd10(SiO4)6O3
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Han , Shan Xiao , Yang Fan , Guo Fangwei , Zhao Xiaofeng , Xiao Ping , Gong Shengkai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCalcium‐magnesium‐alumino‐silicates (CMAS) melt attack has been a critical issue for the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with ever‐increasing engine operating temperature. In this study, a novel CMAS‐resistant material apatite‐type Gd10(SiO4)6O3 is developed for TBCs application based on thermodynamic equilibrium design. The chemical reaction of Gd10(SiO4)6O3 bulk and CMAS melt is investigated at 1300°C. The CMAS corrosion resistance of Gd10(SiO4)6O3 bulk is evaluated and compared with the well‐studied CMAS‐resistant material Gd2Zr2O7 (GZO). It is found that Gd10(SiO4)6O3 shows a significantly enhanced CMAS resistance, including lower intrinsic CMAS infiltration rate (~1.09 μm/h1/2) and smaller infiltration upper limit (50‐62 μm) for a 20 mg/cm2 CMAS deposition. More importantly, for Gd10(SiO4)6O3, the CMAS infiltration only alters the composition but does not change the crystal structure or destroy microstructural integrity. The reaction mechanism is elucidated as following two stages: (a) surface Gd10(SiO4)6O3 quickly transforms into Ca2Gd8(SiO4)6O2 in suit by interdiffusion with CMAS melt and then is thermodynamically stable with CMAS melt, thereby effectively inhibiting the further CMAS infiltration and (b) with the ongoing interdiffusion of Gd/Ca, the CMAS‐infiltrated layer slowly thickens and follows a parabolic law. Meanwhile, the CMAS melt gradually precipitates Ca2Gd8(SiO4)6O2 and CaAl2Si2O8 (anorthite) until the melt is exhausted.
Chemical constituents of tropical woods and resistance to the invasive drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis
Authors: Cosme Lírio , Turchen Leonardo Morais , Guedes Raul Narciso Carvalho 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWood‐feeding, nesting and production of secondary reproductives are key determinant traits of invasive species of drywood termites, and the West Indian drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) is one of their major examples of worldwide concern as pest species of structural lumber, furniture and other wood products. The problem and losses by this species are determined by the prevailing wood characteristics. However, despite the current widespread occurrence of this species in the tropics, except Asia, tropical wood resistance and underlying mechanisms of resistance against this termite are scarcely known. Nonetheless, wood hardness and particularly wood density were recently recognized as important underlying traits for C. brevis resistance in tropical woods, but the chemical wood constituents were not considered. Here, we assessed tropical wood resistance to the invasive termite species C. brevis and tested the relevance of their holocellulose, lignin and (total) extractive contents preventing termite infestation. Free‐choice and no‐choice tests were carried out in parallel with wood chemical characterization. Resistance to the West Indian termite varied with wood species in terms of both colonization and consumption, but only under free‐choice testing because without choice, no significant difference was detected among wood species. Regardless, none of these traits were significantly correlated with wood resistance to C. brevis. Therefore, wood physical resistance, particularly wood density, seems the main recognized determinant of tropical wood resistance against the West Indian drywood termite. The pattern of termite movement on the surface of soft, mid and hard wood was also consistent with this conclusion.
Cellular models for discovering prion disease therapeutics: Progress and challenges
Authors: Krance Saffire H. , Luke Russell , Shenouda Marc , Israwi Ahmad R. , Colpitts Sarah J. , Darwish Lina , Strauss Maximilian , Watts Joel C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrions, which cause fatal neurodegenerative disorders such as Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease, are misfolded and infectious protein aggregates. Currently, there are no treatments available to halt or even delay the progression of prion disease in the brain. The infectious nature of prions has resulted in animal paradigms that accurately recapitulate all aspects of prion disease, and these have proven to be instrumental for testing the efficacy of candidate therapeutics. Nonetheless, infection of cultured cells with prions provides a much more powerful system for identifying molecules capable of interfering with prion propagation. Certain lines of cultured cells can be chronically infected with various types of mouse prions, and these models have been used to unearth candidate anti‐prion drugs that are at least partially efficacious when administered to prion‐infected rodents. However, these studies have also revealed that not all types of prions are equal, and that drugs active against mouse prions are not necessarily effective against prions from other species. Despite some recent progress, the number of cellular models available for studying non‐mouse prions remains limited. In particular, human prions have proven to be particularly challenging to propagate in cultured cells, which has severely hindered the discovery of drugs for Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease. In this review, we summarize the cellular models that are presently available for discovering and testing drugs capable of blocking the propagation of prions and highlight challenges that remain on the path towards developing therapies for prion disease.
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DNA methylation profile of genes related to immune response in generalized periodontitis
Authors: Azevedo Andrea Mara , Carvalho Rocha Luiz Paulo , de Faria Amormino Simone Angélica , Cavalieri Gomes Carolina , Ornelas Dutra Walderez , Santiago Gomez Ricardo , da Costa José Eustáquio , Rocha Moreira Paula 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveEpigenetic events, as the DNA methylation, may be related to development of inflammatory diseases. Due to the important role of host's response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the methylation profile of genes related to immune response in gingival tissues from patients with generalized periodontitis (GP) compared to healthy individuals.MethodsGingival tissues were collected from 20 individuals with GP and 20 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted and submitted to enzymatic digestions. An initial screening using a panel of genes involved with the response immune was performed in pools containing six samples of each group. Genes that presented different levels of methylation between the groups were selected for individual assays for validation.ResultsThe array results showed an unmethylated profile in the majority of genes evaluated in both groups. MALT1, LTB, and STAT5 genes presented a profile of partial methylation in the control compared with GP group. Validation individual assays using a larger number of samples (n = 20, each group) confirmed the hypomethylation of STAT5 in the GP group compared with control group (P < .001).ConclusionGeneralized periodontitis is associated with hypomethylation of the STAT5 gene. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the functional impact these findings.