bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CR reprograms acetyl‐CoA metabolism and induces long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and CrAT expression
Authors: Mezhnina Volha , Pearce Ryan , Poe Allan , Velingkaar Nikkhil , Astafev Artem , Ebeigbe Oghogho P. , Makwana Kuldeep , Sandlers Yana , Kondratov Roman V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCalorie restriction (CR), an age delaying diet, affects fat oxidation through poorly understood mechanisms. We investigated the effect of CR on fat metabolism gene expression and intermediate metabolites of fatty acid oxidation in the liver. We found that CR changed the liver acylcarnitine profile: acetylcarnitine, short‐chain acylcarnitines, and long‐chain 3‐hydroxy‐acylcarnitines increased, and several long‐chain acylcarnitines decreased. Acetyl‐CoA and short‐chain acyl‐CoAs were also increased in CR. CR did not affect the expression of CPT1 and upregulated the expression of long‐chain and very‐long‐chain Acyl‐CoA dehydrogenases (LCAD and VLCAD, respectively). The expression of downstream enzymes such as mitochondrial trifunctional protein and enzymes in medium‐ and short‐chain acyl‐CoAs oxidation was not affected in CR. CR shifted the balance of fatty acid oxidation enzymes and fatty acid metabolites in the liver. Acetyl‐CoA generated through beta‐oxidation can be used for ketogenesis or energy production. In agreement, blood ketone bodies increased under CR in a time of the day‐dependent manner. Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) is a bidirectional enzyme that interconverts short‐chain acyl‐CoAs and their corresponding acylcarnitines. CrAT expression was induced in CR liver supporting the increased acetylcarnitine and short‐chain acylcarnitine production. Acetylcarnitine can freely travel between cellular sub‐compartments. Supporting this CR increased protein acetylation in the mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nucleus. We hypothesize that changes in acyl‐CoA and acylcarnitine levels help to control energy metabolism and contribute to metabolic flexibility under CR.
Large herbivores regulate the spatial recruitment of a hyperdominant Neotropical palm
Authors: Valverde Javier , Carvalho Carolina da Silva , Jordano Pedro , Galetti Mauro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLarge mammalian herbivores play an important role in shaping the diversity of tropical forests by affecting the survival of seedlings and saplings beneath parent plants. The white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) accounts for the largest herbivore biomass that controls seed and seedling survival in Neotropical ecosystems. However, hunting and habitat loss has driven peccaries to local extinction for most of their original distribution, so it is likely that their absence will affect plant recruitment dynamics. We tested the effects of peccary local extinction on the density and spatial distribution of the hyperdominant palm Euterpe edulis by performing a fine‐scale characterization of its spatial recruitment in six forest sites in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. We compared the age structure and the spatial patterns of seedlings, saplings, and adults as well as the relationship between them. We found that while under the presence of peccaries there was a decrease in recruitment rates under adults, the local extinction of these large mammals led to a more clumped process of spatial recruitment. Despite such contrasting spatial patterns of recruitment dynamics, neither age structure nor the random spatial distribution of adults was affected by the presence or absence of peccaries, indicating that their early effects on these palm populations are mitigated as recruitment advances. Our findings highlight the role of large‐bodied forest‐dwelling herbivores in regulating the fine‐scale spatial recruitment of plants and advance our understanding on the effects of defaunation in tropical forests.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Hairdressers’ occupational skin diseases in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in a period of 14 years
Authors: Pesonen Maria , Koskela Kirsi , Aalto‐Korte Kristiina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHairdressers have a high risk of occupational contact dermatitis caused by exposure to wet work and allergens in hairdressing chemicals.ObjectivesTo examine the distribution of diagnoses of occupational skin diseases (OSDs) and their main causes in hairdressers based on a national register data on occupational diseases.MethodsWe retrieved cases of recognized OSDs in hairdressers from the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) in years 2005‐2018.ResultsDuring the 14‐year period, a total of 290 cases of recognized OSD in hairdressers were registered in the FROD. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was diagnosed in 54%, irritant contact dermatitis in 44%, and contact urticaria (CU) in 5% of them. ACD was most commonly caused by hair dye products and their ingredients (N = 57), persulfates (N = 35), and preservatives (N = 35; mainly isothiazolinones). Acrylates emerged as hairdressers’ occupational contact allergens (N = 8) probably due to introduction of structure nails into hair salons. Persulfates was the most common cause of CU.ConclusionsACD was the most common OSD in hairdressers. Our analysis confirms that preservatives are important causes of ACD in hairdressers in addition to hair dye products and persulfates. Acrylates emerged as hairdressers’ occupational contact allergens, but contact allergy to perming agents remained rare.
Allocation Policies to Fulfil Heterogeneous Service Requirements under Resource Pooling
Authors: Abbasi Babak , Fadaki Masih , Hosseinifard Zahra , Jahani Hamed , Thomas Douglas J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDesigning effective settings for performance measures (e.g., fill rate) of a service‐level agreement (SLA) is challenging. This challenge is intensified when a firm adopts the pooling inventory model to allocate inventory/capacity to multiple buyers. Each buyer has its own service‐level contract outlining the required service level, the penalty structures, and the performance review period (PRP) length, which might not be the same as other buyers. This means the supplier requires an effective resource allocation policy whereby the different requirements of multiple buyers are integrated into a pooling model and capacities/inventories are allocated in the most effective way. Given a base‐stock replenishment policy and finite time horizon PRP, in this study we propose two new (anticipative) allocation policies—foresight linear programming (FLP) and two‐stage stochastic (TS)—and compare them with existing allocation policies. These allocation policies are developed for different penalty structures of linear, lump‐sum, hybrid, and no‐penalty settings. Results show that suppliers benefit from longer PRPs if linear or hybrid penalty structures are employed. We also find that when the length of PRP of buyers is not identical, TS is the recommending policy. Further, results provide a guideline for selecting the best resource allocation policy under various SLA terms, in particular, where buyers' PRP lengths are not identical.
An exploration of amygdala‐prefrontal mechanisms in the intergenerational transmission of learned fear
Authors: Silvers Jennifer A. , Callaghan Bridget L. , VanTieghem Michelle , Choy Tricia , O'Sullivan Kaitlin , Tottenham Nim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHumans learn about their environments by observing others, including what to fear and what to trust. Observational fear learning may be especially important early in life when children turn to their parents to gather information about their world. Yet, the vast majority of empirical research on fear learning in youth has thus far focused on firsthand classical conditioning, which may fail to capture one of the primary means by which fears are acquired during development. To address this gap in the literature, the present study examined observational fear learning in youth (n = 33; age range: 6–17 years) as they watched videos of their parent and an “unfamiliar parent” (i.e., another participant's parent) undergo fear conditioning. Youth demonstrated stronger fear learning when observing their parent compared to an unfamiliar parent, as indicated by changes in their self‐reported liking of the stimuli to which their parents were conditioned (CS+, a geometric shape paired with an aversive noise; CS‐, a geometric shape never paired with an aversive noise) and amygdala responses. Parent trait anxiety was associated with youth learning better (i.e., reporting a stronger preference for the CS‐ relative to CS+), and exhibiting stronger medial prefrontal‐amygdala connectivity. Neuroimaging data were additionally acquired from a subset of parents during firsthand conditioning, and parental amygdala and mPFC activation were associated with youth's neural recruitment. Together, these results suggest that youth preferentially learn fears via observation of their parents, and this learning is associated with emotional traits and neural recruitment in parents.
Evaluation of fatigue damage parameters for Ni‐based super alloys Inconel 825 steel notched specimen using stochastic approach
Authors: Gope Prakash Chandra , Mahar Chetan Singh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present investigation, temperature dependence fatigue strength behavior of Ni‐based Inconel 825 super alloys is investigated. Based on the experimental results, different S–N models have been derived and a suitable model for the prediction of fatigue strength has been proposed. An inverse power as well as exponential relation between the fatigue strength and absolute temperature is demonstrated. The proposed models are used to predict the fatigue life using the well‐known Palmgren–Miner rule. Based on high to low load steps and low to high load steps datasets under identical test conditions, the damage constant of Miner rule is stochastically modeled for fatigue life prediction. The statistical model is developed combining the probabilistic nature of Miner rule damage constant and stress–life–temperature relation. It is also validated through sets of experimental data and found to be useful in reliability‐based design.
Serial acquirers and decreasing returns: Do bidders’ acquisition patterns matter?
Authors: Morillon Thibaut G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the phenomenon of declining announcement returns of serial acquirers. Using a classification of acquirers based on their patterns of acquisition, I find that decreasing returns occur mostly within “blocks” of acquisitions. This trend is driven by bidders who acquire targets quickly in chunks. In contrast, I find no evidence of any such decline in returns for the most active acquirers in the market of corporate control. I test several theories proposed by the prior literature to explain declining returns and find evidence consistent with temporary overvaluation, agency costs, and bidder learning as likely drivers.
When two anomalies meet: Volume and timing effects on earnings announcements
Authors: Wong Mark , Wai Kong Cheung Adrian , Hu Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the joint effect of trade volume and report timing on earnings‐announcement premiums. We find that high trading volume effect adds to early announcement effect but not vice versa. After controlling for firm characteristics, late timing and high trade volume have a positive joint effect; stocks with late announcements and low trade volume earn the largest but short‐lived premium. We cannot find evidence to support the notion that early announcements result in superior premiums; the unusual volume effect is much greater in magnitude, longevity, and significance than the timing effect.
Ranks and Pseudo‐ranks—Surprising Results of Certain Rank Tests in Unbalanced Designs
Authors: Brunner Edgar , Konietschke Frank , Bathke Arne C. , Pauly Markus 
Published: October 2020

SummaryRank‐based inference methods are applied in various disciplines, typically when procedures relying on standard normal theory are not justifiable. Various specific rank‐based methods have been developed for two and more samples and also for general factorial designs (e.g. Kruskal–Wallis test or Akritas–Arnold–Brunner test). It is the aim of the present paper (1) to demonstrate that traditional rank procedures for several samples or general factorial designs may lead to surprising results in case of unequal sample sizes as compared with equal sample sizes, (2) to explain why this is the case and (3) to provide a way to overcome these disadvantages. Theoretical investigations show that the surprising results can be explained by considering the non‐centralities of the test statistics, which may be non‐zero for the usual rank‐based procedures in case of unequal sample sizes, while they may be equal to 0 in case of equal sample sizes. A simple solution is to consider unweighted relative effects instead of weighted relative effects. The former effects are estimated by means of the so‐called pseudo‐ranks, while the usual ranks naturally lead to the latter effects. A real data example illustrates the practical meaning of the theoretical discussions.
Development and psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Gil‐Llario María Dolores , Morell‐Mengual Vicente , Fernández‐García Olga , Castro‐Calvo Jesús , Ballester‐Arnal Rafael 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis paper presents psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability (ASBKID), other‐reported by professionals who are in daily contact with them.Methods and proceduresAssessments of 236 individuals with intellectual disability were obtained from 100 professionals.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis revealed a four‐factor structure: concern about the user's inappropriate or uninhibited sexual behaviour; perception of the user's knowledge about privacy and social norms; perception of the user's knowledge about sexuality; and concerns about the user's sexuality. A multi‐group CFA was also conducted in men and women, confirming the adequacy of this four‐factor structure by gender. The reliability of the factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.92.ConclusionsThe psychometric results obtained support the use of the ASBKID as a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of sexual behaviour and knowledge in both men and women with intellectual disability.
Suicide in children: Concept analysis using Rodgers's evolutionary approach
Authors: Desmarais Michèle , Montreuil Marjorie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTopicAlthough the concept of suicide in children and adolescents is widely present in the literature, its conceptual definition varies according to context, discipline, and time. How this concept is defined impacts the delivery of care to children and adolescents regarding suicide prevention in mental health settings and in the community.PurposeUsing Rodgers's evolutionary method, we examined the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of “suicide in children” through temporal trends, and geographic locations.SourcesIn total, 106 articles were included. Searches were performed using CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Medline, as well as Google Scholar as a complementary tool.ConclusionsThrough a thematic analysis, we identified three themes: (1) developmental perspectives, (2) factors predicting suicide in children, and (3) the emancipation of children as active agents in society. Recent literature shows a movement toward acknowledging the voice of children and adolescents regarding suicide. We address clinical and future implications for the development of this concept.
Sirtuin 5 regulates the proliferation, invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells through acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 1
Authors: Guan Jingqian , Jiang Xizi , Gai Junda , Sun Xiaodan , Zhao Jinming , Li Ji , Li Yizhuo , Cheng Ming , Du Tengjiao , Fu Lin , Li Qingchang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a NAD+‐dependent class III protein deacetylase, and its role in prostate cancer has not yet been reported. Therefore, to explore the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, we investigated the effect of SIRT5 on prostate cancer. Sirtuin 5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 57 normal and cancerous prostate tissues. We found that the tissue expression levels of SIRT5 in patients with Gleason scores ≥7 were significantly different from those in patients with Gleason scores <7 (P < .05, R > 0). Further, mass spectrometry and pathway screening experiments showed that SIRT5 regulated the activity of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which in turn modulated the expression of MMP9 and cyclin D1. Being a substrate of SIRT5, acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) was regulated by SIRT5. SIRT5 also regulated MAPK pathway activity through ACAT1. These results revealed that SIRT5 promoted the activity of the MAPK pathway through ACAT1, increasing the ability of prostate cancer cells to proliferate, migrate and invade. Overall, these results indicate that SIRT5 expression is closely associated with prostate cancer progression. Understanding the underlying mechanism may provide new targets and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
When are randomized trials unnecessary? A signal detection theory approach to approving new treatments based on non‐randomized studies
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Razavi Marianne , Hozo Iztok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesNew therapies are increasingly approved by regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) based on testing in non‐randomized clinical trials. These treatments have typically displayed “dramatic effects” (ie, effects that are considered large enough to obviate the combined effects of biases and random errors that may affect the study results). The agencies, however, have not identified how large these effects should be to avoid the need for further testing in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We investigated the effect size that would circumvent the need for further RCTs testing by the regulatory agencies. We hypothesized that the approval of therapeutic interventions by regulators is based on heuristic decision making whose accuracy can be best characterized by the application of signal detection theory (SDT).MethodsWe merged the EMA and FDA database of approvals based on non‐RCT comparisons. We excluded duplicate entries between the two databases. We included a total of 134 approvals of drugs and devices based on non‐RCTs. We integrated Weber‐Fechner law of psychophysics and recognition heuristics within SDT to provide descriptive explanations of the decisions made by the FDA and EMA to approve new treatments based on non‐randomized studies without requiring further testing in RCTs.ResultsOur findings suggest that when the difference between novel treatments and the historical control is at least one logarithm (base 10) of magnitude, the veracity of testing in non‐RCTs seems to be established.ConclusionDrug developers and practitioners alike can use the change in one logarithm of effect size as a benchmark to decide if further testing in RCTs should be pursued, or as a guide to interpreting the results reported in non‐randomized studies. However, further research would be useful to better characterize the threshold of effect size above which testing in RCTs is not needed.
Genome‐wide analysis of Toll‐like receptors in zebrafish and the effect of rearing temperature on the receptors in response to stimulated pathogen infection
Authors: Chen Hong , Liang Yue , Han Yawen , Liu Tengfei , Chen Shulin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater temperature has a major influence on the host innate immune defence and the infectivity of pathogens in ectothermic teleosts. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the first and well‐characterized innate immune receptors that are conserved in vertebrates. However, little is known about the effect of temperature variation on TLRs in fish species. In this study, we used adult zebrafish as a research model to investigate the effect of water temperature on TLRs. Whole genome searches identified 20 TLR homologue genes in zebrafish. Multiple sequence alignment and protein structure analysis revealed the conserved domains for these TLR proteins. To identify TLR genes related to temperature variation, TLR family genes from 12 species with different body temperatures were assigned to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Based on the phylogenetic relationships, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR20~21 were selected as candidate genes. Immunostimulation data indicated that TLR3, TLR5, and TLR21 were more sensitive to temperature variation and their expression levels were affected in response to pathogen stimulation. Taken together, our results provide a new opportunity to understand the roles of temperature on host innate immune response in fishes and have broader implications for disease prevention in aquaculture.
A multi‐biomarker study on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) affected by the emerging Red Skin Disease in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Weichert Fabian G. , Axén Charlotte , Förlin Lars , Inostroza Pedro A. , Kammann Ulrike , Welling Annikki , Sturve Joachim , Asker Noomi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor half a decade, the Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea has been facing severe health issues. Clinical signs like haemorrhage, erosions and ulcerative/necrotic skin conditions in returning adults have been reported from different Swedish rivers. These primary disease signs precede a secondary, terminal fungal infection. As initial investigations of the disease did not provide conclusive answers regarding the pathogenesis, this study was initiated to gain insight into a possible link between this so‐called Red Skin Disease and anthropogenic influences. Therefore, returning salmon were caught in rivers along the Swedish coast and different tissues were sampled. The focus was put on the measurements of a battery of biomarkers as well as biochemical and haematological parameters, which were analysed using multivariate statistics. The main findings were a severe osmotic haemodilution, an immune response and an alteration of the carbohydrate metabolism in diseased fish. Furthermore, oxidative stress does not seem to be a likely factor in the pathogenesis. Concluding, certain changes in physiological parameters were shown to be indicative for the disease patterns, while others were ruled out as significant factors. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the Red Skin Disease and may act as a hypothesis generator for future studies.