bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Campbell’s “Short Papers” for Lord Bute in the London Evening Post
Authors: Binney Matthew 
Published: December 2020

John Campbell’s (1708-1775) biographer, Guido Abbattista, has argued that Campbell sought to publish a pamphlet, Thoughts on Public Affairs, in 1761. However, a review of Campbell’s private correspondence in 1761 with the future prime minister, John Stuart, 3rd earl of Lord Bute (1713-1792), indicates that the historian sought not to publish a pamphlet, but newspaper articles that promote the king’s new reign and his administration. Six of these articles have been found in the London Evening Post, and they use ideas and language from Henry St. John, 1st viscount Bolingbroke to represent George III as a Patriot King, to advance the Tory policies of Bute’s future administration, and to encourage a prospective peace to the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763). These six, new attributions to Campbell not only expand his extensive canon, but also portray his significant role in offering the rhetoric and depicting the ideas of George III’s early reign and Bute’s ascendency to premiership.
Repurposing of Berbamine Hydrochloride to Inhibit Ebola Virus by Targeting Viral Glycoprotein
Authors: Cen Shan , Yi Dongrong , Li Quanjie , Qiu Xiangguo , Wang Han , Liu Zhenlong , He Shihua , Zhu Wenjun , Lv Kai Lv , Chi Xiangyang , Ma Ling , Wang Yujia , Wang Jing , Zhang Yongxin , Zeng Cong , Liu Mingliang , Liu Shanlv , Liang Chen , Li Xiaoyu , Banadyga Logan , Shi Yi , Gao George Fu , Lin Rongtuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) infection leads to staggeringly high mortality rates. Effective and low-cost treatments are urgently needed to control frequent EBOV outbreaks in Africa. In this study, we report that a natural compound called berbamine hydrochloride strongly inhibits EBOV replication in vitro and in vivo. Our work further showed that berbamine hydrochloride acts by direct binding to the cleaved EBOV glycoprotein (GPcl), disrupting GPcl interaction with viral receptor NPC1, thus blocking the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Our data support the probability of developing anti-EBOV small molecule drugs by targeting viral GPcl. More importantly, since berbamine hydrochloride has been used in clinic to treat leukopenia, it holds great promise of being quickly repurposed as an anti-EBOV drug.
Violence Against Frontline Emergency Nurses During Pandemic of COVID-19 in Guilan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghanbari Atefeh , Pouy Somaye , Panahi Latif , Khorasgani Abolfazl Etebarian , Hasandoost Fateme 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundViolence in the workplace is one of the most important risk factors worldwide. Nurses are always exposed to all kinds of violence due to their presence and activity in medical centers and direct contact with patients and their companions, as well as exposure to various stressors. The aim of this study was to determine the violence against nurses working in Razi educational and medical center in Rasht, Guilan.MethodsThe present study was an analytical cross-sectional study that was performed on 112 nurses working in Razi educational and medical centers in Rasht by convenience sampling method. The instrument used includes a questionnaire to assess workplace violence in medical settings, which has been used in several Iranian studies and has been psychometric assessed by Najafi et al, In Iran. After collecting the data and entering into the SPSS software version 22, they will be evaluated through descriptive and inferential statistical tests (Chi-square, independent t-test and Fisher's exact test). The level of significance was considered as P<0.05.ResultsThe findings of this study showed that 11.1% of nurses experienced physical violence and 55.7% of them experienced verbal violence. Verbal violence is often caused by the patient's companions and physical violence is often caused by the patient, and in the majority of cases, those who did not report the violence attributed it to the uselessness of the report. In addition, the findings showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between education level and verbal violence (p = 0.02) and between work status (p = 0.02) and marital status (p = 0.02) with physical violence.ConclusionThe results of the study show that during the pandemic of COVID-19, verbal and physical violence for nurses occurred in several occasions, which requires the authorities to take effective measures to reduce the incidence of violence in hospitals.
INVESTIGATION OF CHANGING PHYTIC ACID IN LEGUMINOUS SEEDS DEPENDING ON SOAKING AND SPROUTING CONDITIONS
Authors: Biletska Yana , Krivtsova Anna 
Published: December 2020

The results of studying changes of phytic acid in seeds of soya of “Diamond” variety and ones of chick-pea of “Krasnokutsky – 195” depending on seed soaking and sprouting conditions are presented. The content of phytic acid and changes of phytic globoloids in native soya and chick-pea seeds, sprouted in water, sprouted in the solution of mineral salts, preliminarily washed by the solution of lemon acid (C6Н8О7) were studied. The research topicality is conditioned by the necessity to develop food technologies using vegetable protein, which agent is soya and chick-pea, and to develop technological methods, favoring phytic acid inactivation. As a result of the study, it has been established, that a decrease of the phytic acid content in soya and chick-pea seeds is influenced by the sprouting process, and seeds washing by C6Н8О7 solution (pH – 3.5) is a catalyst of these processes. Soya seeds, sprouted in the potassium iodide solution (PI), and chick-pea seeds, sprouted in the sodium hydroselenite (NaHSeO3), preliminarily washed by C6Н8О7 solution (pH – 3.5), have less content of phytic acid, comparing with other samples. The phytic acid content decrease has been proved by a phytic globoloid decrease. It has been established, that the least diameter of a phytic globoloid is inherent to samples of soya, sprouted in PI solution and washed by C6Н8О7 solution (pH – 3.5), – 3.2 mcm, and a sample of chick-pea seeds, sprouted in NaHSeO3 solution, washed by C6Н8О7 solution (pH – 3.5) – 3.0 mcm. An undesirable “pea” smell also disappears. The established regularities are important for scientists because they allow to widen the assortment of products with vegetable protein, safe for the human organism
INVESTIGATION OF POTATO STORAGE QUALITY DEPENDING ON VARIETY PECULIARITIES
Authors: Pusik Ludmila , Pusik Vlаdimir , Postnov Gennadii , Safronska Iryna , Lyubymova Nina , Sukhova Galyna , Ilina Nataliia , Hrynova Yana 
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research was to analyze an influence of variety peculiarities, different ripeness groups of potato of Dutch selection on storage quality. It has been established, that the output of commodity products in early varieties is in average 88.22±1.53 %, in middle-ripening ones – 96.87±1.09. Among the group of early-ripening varieties, there must be separated Kristina with the output of commodity products at the end of storage as 90.15 %. The lowest output of commodity products is in the variety of Tornado – 87.09. The variation coefficient of the commodity products output is 1.9 %, that is the commodity products output varies little. In the group of middle-ripening variety, higher storage quality was observed in varieties Elekta and Setanta. The commodity products output was 92.97 and 92.2 9 % respectively. Natural mass losses for the period of storage in tubers of all varieties were in average 4.2 %, among them 72.9 % at the expanse of moisture evaporation, and 27.1 % – at the expanse of breathing. In the group of early varieties, mass losses varied from 4.1 % in the variety Kristina to 5.1 % in the variety Banda. Variation coefficient 7.4 % testifies to the small fluctuation of mass losses in the studied potato varieties. In the group of middle-ripening potato varieties, mass losses varied with the middle force, variation coefficient 19.5 %. The lower mass loss was observed in the potato variety Elekta as 3.28 %. Total losses for 6.5 months of storage were 11.78±1.53 in potatoes of the early varieties and 7.91±1.09 in the middle-ripening potato varieties. Losses were distributed in such a way: in the early varieties 39.6 % are natural losses, 34.4 – technical spoilage and 26 % – absolute spoilage. In the group of middle-ripening potato varieties there was observed the ratio of typical and total losses: natural losses were 47.3 %, technical spoilage 32.0 %, absolute spoilage 20.7 %
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN VEGETABLE PLANT NANO ADDITIVES USING PAROTHERMOMECHANODESTRUCTION PROCESSES
Authors: Pogarskaya Viktoriya , Pavlyuk Raisa , Kotuyk Tatyana , Yurieva Olga , Maksymova Nadiya 
Published: December 2020

The aim of research is to develop a new method for the production of protein plant nanoadditives from dry chickpea in the form of nanopowders and nanopastes using the processes of steam thermo-mechanical destruction, leading to a high degree of mechanical destruction of biopolymers in separate constituent monomers, without destroying the latter. The new method is based on the use as an innovation of a complex effect on raw materials of steam-thermal treatment in modern steam-thermal devices (at a temperature of +70 °C) and non-enzymatic catalysis, which occurs when using fine grinding. The proposed method makes it possible to more fully reveal the biological potential of plant raw materials and transform hardly soluble, indigestible by the human body components of raw materials (in particular, cellulose, pectin substances, proteins and their nanocomplex and nanoassociates) into components that are easily absorbed by the body. The method makes it possible to more completely remove from the raw materials inactive bound forms of individual monomers of biopolymers, to reduce the molecular weight of biopolymers. At the same time, the efficiency of the resulting product increases significantly when consumed by the human body. New additives from chickpea are fundamentally different from traditional ones in properties and physicochemical state. The developed additives act simultaneously five in one: a source of essential amino acids and other biologically active substances, structure formers, gelling agents, thickeners and yellow dyes. The obtained protein supplements from chickpeas in combination with herbal Nanoadditives (from pumpkin, carrots, lemons, garlic, celery roots, ginger) were used as recipe components in the development of a new generation of confectionery products. The resulting confectionery products differ from the traditional ones in their low sugar and fat content (up to 5 %), high content of complete protein (from 13 to 20 %). In addition, 100 g of new products are able to satisfy the daily requirement for biologically active substances (β-carotene, phenolic compounds) and 0.5 daily requirement for vitamin C. The resulting products are natural, do not contain harmful impurities and exceed the quality of world analogues
Treatment of landfill leachate with different techniques: an overview
Authors: Mojiri Amin , Zhou John L. , Ratnaweera Harsha , Ohashi Akiyoshi , Ozaki Noriatsu , Kindaichi Tomonori , Asakura Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLandfill leachate is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand and generally consists of undesirable substances such as organic and inorganic contaminants. Landfill leachate may differ depending on the content and age of landfill contents, the degradation procedure, climate and hydrological conditions. We aimed to explain the characteristics of landfill leachate and define the practicality of using different techniques for treating landfill leachate. Different treatments comprising biological methods (e.g. bioreactors, bioremediation and phytoremediation) and physicochemical approaches (e.g. advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration) were investigated in this study. Membrane bioreactors and integrated biological techniques, including integrated anaerobic ammonium oxidation and nitrification/denitrification processes, have demonstrated high performance in ammonia and nitrogen elimination, with a removal effectiveness of more than 90%. Moreover, improved elimination efficiency for suspended solids and turbidity has been achieved by coagulation/flocculation techniques. In addition, improved elimination of metals can be attained by combining different treatment techniques, with a removal effectiveness of 40–100%. Furthermore, combined treatment techniques for treating landfill leachate, owing to its high chemical oxygen demand and concentrations of ammonia and low biodegradability, have been reported with good performance. However, further study is necessary to enhance treatment methods to achieve maximum removal efficiency.
Biodegradation of benzyl butyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate by Arthrobacter sp. via micellar solubilization in a surfactant-aided system
Authors: Nandi Moumita , Paul Tanushree , Kanaujiya Dipak Kumar , Baskaran Divya , Pakshirajan Kannan , Pugazhenthi G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) like phthalates, mostly discharged in industrial effluents, cause detrimental effects to different life forms, and hence their removal from constituent wastewater is necessary. This study investigated the kinetics of biomass growth and biodegradation of benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) by Arthrobacter sp. in a surfactant-aided batch system. The effect of different surfactants on aqueous solubility of BBP and DBP was initially examined, which showed that Tween 80 resulted in maximum bioavailability and biodegradation efficiency of the phthalates by the bacterium and without inhibiting the biomass growth. Compared with BBP, DBP was found to be efficiently degraded and supported the bacterial growth within a short period of time over the entire concentration tested in the range 100–1,000 mg L−1. A maximum biomass concentration of 1.819 g L−1 was obtained at 120 h for a DBP concentration of 600 mg L−1 in the presence of Tween 80, which is 5.66-fold increase in biomass concentration as compared with only DBP as the sole substrate. For evaluating the biokinetic parameters involved in DBP biodegradation, the experimental data on DBP utilization were fitted to various kinetic models as reported in the literature.
El agua en la percepción mazahua: Ecofilosofía y narrativa de la naturaleza / Water in Mazahua perception: Ecophilosophy and narrative of nature
Authors: Figueroa Serrano David 
Published: December 2020

Diversas sociedades han concebido a la naturaleza como un todo integral, una entidad viva. Esta perspectiva ontológica es una forma del ser en el mundo y representa otros caminos de la convivencia con el entorno. Este texto busca aportar elementos para entender la lógica de la percepción del agua en los pueblos mazahuas del Estado de México, a partir de referentes cosmológicos. Desde la perspectiva de la ecofilosofía, estas formas de asumir el entorno nos permiten repensar nuestros fundamentos epistémicos sobre la naturaleza. Metodológicamente, se realizó trabajo de campo en las comunidades mazahuas de la región noroccidente y occidente del Estado de México, principalmente se retomaron localidades cercanas a los ríos Lerma y Cutzamala. A partir de entrevistas a profundidad, recorridos de área e información documental se identificó la percepción del agua, así como los diferentes conflictos por los recursos hídricos y los proyectos de trasvase.Abstract: Various societies have designed nature as an integral whole and as a living entity. This ontological perspective is a form of being in the world and represents other paths of coexistence with the environment. This text seeks to provide elements to understand the perception of water in the Mazahua people of the State of Mexico, from cosmological references. From the perspective of ecophilosophy, these cosmological referents are necessary to rethink our epistemic foundations on nature. Methodologically, fieldwork was carried out in the Mazahua communities of the northwestern and western region, mainly in localities near the Lerma and Cutzamala rivers. Based on in-depth interviews, area tours and documentary information, the perception of water was identified, as well as the different conflicts over water resources and diversion projects.Keywords: water; Indigenous people; ontologies of nature; ecophilosophy; oral narrative.Résumé : Diverses sociétés ont conçu la nature comme un tout intégral, une entité vivante. Cette perspective ontologique est une manière d’être dans le monde et représente d’autres voies de coexistence avec l’environnement. Ce texte cherche à fournir des éléments pour comprendre la logique de la perception de l’eau chez les peuples Mazahua de l’État du Mexique à partir de références cosmologiques. Du point de vue de l’écophilosophie, ces les façons d´assumer l´environnement, nous permettent de repenser nos fundements épistémiques sur la nature. Méthodologiquement, des travaux de terrain ont été effectués dans les communautés Mazahua du nord-ouest et de l’ouest du pays, principalement dans les localités proches des rivières Lerma et Cutzamala. À partir d’entretiens approfondis, de visites de zones et d’informations documentaires, la perception de l’eau a été identifiée, ainsi que les différents conflits liés aux ressources en eau et aux projets de dérivation.Mots-clés : l’eau ; peuples autochtones ; ontologies de la nature ; écophilosophie ; récit oral.
ALTERNATIF SISTEM SADAP KLON RRIC 100 MULAI BUKA SADAP
Authors: Herlinawati Eva , Kuswanhadi Kuswanhadi 
Published: December 2020

Stimulan etefon atau gas telah umum digunakan pada perkebunan, khususnya di perkebunan besar. Penggunaan stimulan harus dikombinasikan dengan penurunan intensitas penyadapan melalui pengurangan panjang irisan sadap. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan dan mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai sistem sadap terhadap produksi dan parameter fisiologi sejak buka sadap. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sembawa mulai Maret sampai Desember 2011. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan sistem sadap dan 8 ulangan, menggunakan klon RRIC 100 tahun tanam 2004. Perlakuan antara lain S/2 d3, S/2 d3 ET2.5% Ga1 12/y (m), S/2 d3 ET2.5% Ga1 24/y (2w), Sc20 U d3 ETG 12/y(m), Sc20 U d3 ETG 24/y(2w), dan Sc20 U d3 ET2.5% Ba1 24/y(2w). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem sadap S/2 d3 ET2.5% Ga1 12/y (m) atau Sc20 U d3 ETG 12/y(m) mampu meningkatkan produksi tanpa menimbulkan pengaruh negatif terhadap karakter fisiologi. Namun demikian, penggunaan stimulan gas pada tanaman muda perlu pertimbangan risiko kering alur sadap. Penyadapan ke arah atas memiliki kecenderungan lebih tebal dalam konsumsi kulit dan tumpahnya lateks dari alur sadap, penyadap sebaiknya dilatih dengan baik. Diterima : 10 Mei 2013; Disetujui : 13 September 2013 How to Cite : Herlinawati, E., & Kuswanhadi. (2013). Alternatif sistem sadap klon RRIC 100 mulai buka sadap. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 31(2), 102-109. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/137
DAMPAK RENDAHNYA HARGA KARET TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI KARET DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Syarifa Lina Fatayati , Agustina Dwi Shinta , Nancy Cicilia , Supriadi Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Rendahnya harga karet telah memberikan berbagai dampak terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi petani karet di Sumatera Selatan (Sumsel) dikarenakan lebih dari 40% penduduk Sumsel menggantungkan hidupnya dari komoditas karet. Tulisan ini menguraikan hasil penelitian mengenai dampak turunnya harga karet terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi petani karet di Sumatera Selatan. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan pada tahun 2014. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dengan mengambil sampel petani karet yang dipilih secara acak. Selanjutnya secara sengaja dipilih sampel penangkar bibit karet, perusahaan leasing kendaraan, dealer kendaraan bermotor serta perusahaan leasing dan toko elektronik dan furniture di sekitar wilayah sentra karet di Sumatera Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa turunnya harga karet saat ini telah memberikan dampak yang mengakibatkan turunnya pendapatan petani per bulan, turunnya kemampuan investasi petani, turunnya daya beli petani, serta pengalihan sumber penghasilan petani kepada sumber penghasilan selain usahatani karet. Bahkan telah terjadi pengalihan fungsi lahan dari usahatani karet ke tanaman lain yang dinilai petani lebih prospektif. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya-upaya agar bisa bertahan dalam kondisi harga karet yang rendah saat ini. Diterima : 5 Agustus 2015 / Direvisi : 3 Februari 2016 / Disetujui : 1 April 2016 How to Cite : Syarifa, L., Agustina, D., Nancy, C., & Supriadi, M. (2016). Dampak rendahnya harga karet terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi petani karet di Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 34(1), 119-126. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/218
Implicaciones educativas de los hábitos de lectura en el comportamiento académico del estudiantado universitario a distancia
Authors: Arguedas-Ramírez Ligia 
Published: December 2020

El artículo que se presenta forma parte de la investigación: Estudio exploratorio sobre los hábitos de lectura entre la población estudiantil de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica. Se exponen aspectos relacionados con las implicaciones educativas de los hábitos lectores de los estudiantes en su comportamiento académico dentro del ámbito universitario a distancia, con las características de esta modalidad educativa y las competencias de carácter académico esperadas en el estudiantado; por ejemplo, la autogestión del aprendizaje, las relaciones de la persona docente-estudiante y la mediación de la formación profesional, así como el uso didáctico de las diferentes tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Igualmente, se hace referencia a los hábitos lectores del estudiantado desde su significación e impacto en el rendimiento y la calidad de la preparación en cualquier campo de estudio, mediante nuevas pautas de lo que es ser lector en el mundo universitario actual. Se observan aquellas variables de la investigación que pueden ampliar las perspectivas y el análisis sobre la práctica lectora como desafío en la educación superior y a distancia, así como aspectos relacionados con la metodología, los participantes, los instrumentos y los procedimientos.
«Russian Party» Ideology of the 1960-ies: Ideological Sources of Russian Philosophy
Authors: Tsipko Alexander S. 
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the so-called Russian party phenomenon – the association of intellectuals that appeared in the late 1960-ues among literators and historians who had the goal of Soviet power Russification and rallied round «Molodaya Guardia» magazine. The author of the article, - who was direct witness and participant in the discussions and events of that period, - analyzes the philosophy of the main worldview and ideological concepts of the «Russian Party» deducing it from Russian philosophic thought of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.