bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems modeling language extension to support modeling of human‐agent teams
Authors: Miller Michael E. , McGuirl John M. , Schneider Michael F. , Ford Thomas C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe propose a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) extension, referred to as the “Human‐Agent Teaming Modeling Language,” and a companion method, referred to as “Human‐Agent Teaming Design Method,” which are useful in the design and specification of teams comprised of humans and artificial agents which interact within a system. The language and method support the analysis and design of human‐agent teams through a three‐step process. First, an existing system is analyzed to understand the goals to be achieved as well as the roles and the responsibilities necessary to support goal attainment. Simultaneously, a team of humans and artificial agents are synthesized wherein each entity has capabilities useful in fulfilling the responsibilities. Second, responsibilities are allocated to agents by matching agent capabilities to responsibilities. Finally, the design is vetted through the application of an extension to an existing method referred to as Interdependence Analysis. This step includes the specification of teaming behaviors between humans and artificial agents to improve system robustness. We posit that the proposed language and method can be useful in specifying requirements for artificial agents, human knowledge, and procedure requirements, as well as components of critical interaction between multiple humans and artificial agents comprising a human‐agent team.
Advance of the sufficient dimension reduction
Authors: Hang Weiqiang , Xia Yingcun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe sufficient dimension reduction of Li has been seen a steady development in the past 30 years in both methodology and application. The main approaches can be categorized into two groups: The inverse regression methods and forward regression methods. In this survey, we briefly discuss advances of methods and present problems that needs further investigation in the second group.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Models > Multivariate Models
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension Reduction
Statistical Models > Semiparametric Models
Functional characteristics of Svl3 and Pam1 that are required for proper cell wall formation in yeast cells
Authors: Jin Yifan , Okamoto Michiyo , Chibana Hiroji , Liu Guoyu , Gao Xiao‐Dong , Nakanishi Hideki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Svl3 and Pam1 proteins work as functional homologues. Loss of their function causes increased levels of chitin deposition in the cell wall and temperature sensitivity, suggesting their involvement in cell wall formation. We found that the N‐ and C‐termini of these proteins have distinctive and critical functions. They contain an N‐terminal part that has a probable 2‐dehydropantoate 2‐reductase domain. In Svl3, this part can be replaced with the yeast 2‐dehydropantoate 2‐reductase, Pan5, suggesting that Svl3 and its homologues may be able to mediate 2‐dehydropantoate 2‐reductase function. On the other hand, Svl3 is recruited to the bud tip and bud neck via multiple localization signals in the C‐terminal part. One of such signals is the lysine‐rich region located in the C‐terminal end. The function and localization of Svl3 are significantly disrupted by the loss of this lysine‐rich region; however, its localization is not completely abolished by the mutation because another localization signal enables appropriate transport. Svl3 and Pam1 orthologues are found in cells across fungal species. The Svl3 orthologues of Candida glabrata can complement the loss of Svl3 and Pam1 in S. cerevisiae. C. glabrata cells lacking the SVL3 and PAM1 orthologue genes exhibit phenotypes similar to those observed in svl3∆pam1∆ S. cerevisiae cells. Thus, Svl3 homologues may be generally required for the assembly of the cell wall in fungal cells.
Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention Hautkrebs
Authors: Baldermann C. , Weiskopf D. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
UV-bedingte Krebserkrankungen, v. a. Hautkrebserkrankungen, nehmen seit Jahrzehnten zu. Hauptursache ist die natürliche wie künstlich erzeugte UV-Strahlung. Die Betroffenen und das Gesundheitswesen sind schwer belastet. Die Situation droht sich zu verschärfen, da aufgrund des Klimawandels die UV-Strahlungsbelastung der Bevölkerung und damit das Risiko für UV-bedingte Krebserkrankungen auch in Deutschland steigen können. Die Prävention UV-bedingter Erkrankungen ist darum ein notwendig zu beachtendes Gesundheits- und Strahlenschutzziel.

Ziel
Es erfolgt die Darstellung notwendiger und geeigneter Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Vorbeugung UV-bedingter Krebserkrankungen.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgen die Recherche und Zusammenfassung derzeit empfohlener und angewandter, primärer, verhaltens- und verhältnispräventiver Maßnahmen und potenzieller, präventionsbedingter Entlastung des Gesundheitswesens.

Ergebnisse
Es werden bereits zahlreiche verhaltens- und verhältnispräventive Maßnahmen angewendet. Nachhaltig gestaltete, aus vielen Komponenten bestehende und personalisierte verhaltenspräventive Maßnahmen in Kombination mit verhältnispräventiven Modulen sind effektiv und haben einen hohen ökonomischen und gesundheitsbezogenen Nutzen. Der Einsatz moderner Medien und multimedialer Maßnahmen wird empfohlen.

Schlussfolgerung
Verhältnispräventionsmaßnahmen in Ergänzung zu verhaltenspräventiven Maßnahmen ermöglichen eine Reduzierung des Risikos für UV-bedingte Krebserkrankungen. Ziel muss es sein, diese Maßnahmen flächendeckend für die Gesamtbevölkerung zu etablieren.
KPZ Statistics of Second Class Particles in ASEP via Mixing
Authors: Nejjar P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) on $${\mathbb {Z}}$$
Z
with a single second class particle initially at the origin. The first class particles form two rarefaction fans which come together at the origin, where the large time density jumps from 0 to 1. We are interested in X(t), the position of the second class particle at time t. We show that, under the KPZ 1/3 scaling, X(t) is asymptotically distributed as the difference of two independent, $${\mathrm {GUE}}$$
GUE
-distributed random variables. The key part of the proof is to show that X(t) equals, up to a negligible term, the difference of a random number of holes and particles, with the randomness built up by ASEP itself. This provides a KPZ analogue to the 1994 result of Ferrari and Fontes (Probab Theory Relat Fields 99:305–319, 1994), where this randomness comes from the initial data and leads to Gaussian limit laws.
Evaluation of fractionally distilled Picea abies TMP-turpentine on wood-decaying fungi: in vitro, microcosm and field experiments
Authors: Ljunggren Joel , Edman Mattias , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar , Bylund Dan , Hedenström Erik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSynthetic and heavy metal antifungals are frequently used as wood preservatives. However, they exhibit relatively inert biodegradation and toxic properties when leached; this makes their replacement with environmentally degradable yet functional alternatives a key target in the wood protection industry. In this context, distilled fractions of raw thermomechanical pulp turpentine (TMP-T) from Picea abies were assessed for their wood protecting capabilities against wood-decaying fungi. Antifungal bioactivity of fractions and some of their combinations were screened on agar-plates against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Addition of TMP-T fractions showed a significant fungal growth rate reduction, while mixtures indicated the presence of synergistic and antagonistic effects. One fraction, obtained after distilling 1 L TMP-T at 111–177 °C at 0.5 mbar, showed complete growth inhibition of Antrodia sinuosa, Serpula lacrymans, Serpula himantioides and significant inhibition of Antrodia serialis, Antrodia xantha, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Heterobasidion parviporum at a concentration of 1000 ppm. This fraction was further examined for long- and medium-term effects on wood decay in microcosm soil-jar and field experiment, respectively. The known antifungal compounds benzisothiazolinone, 2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 3-iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate and two commercial wood preservatives were used as reference treatments. Commercial preservatives instilled long-term efficacy against C. puteana wood decay in a soil-jar microcosm experiment, but no noticeable protection with antifungal compounds or the present treatments was found. However, a moderate effect by the TMP-T fraction from the in vitro assay was observed and the TMP-turpentine distillation residue showed a similar fungal inhibition effect to the most potent commercial treatment after 29 months in the field.
Adolf Lorenz and the Lolita Armour Case
Authors: Holzer Gerold , Holzer Lukas A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlmost 120 years ago, in 1902, the American multimillionaire J. Ogden Armour invited the Austrian orthopaedic surgeon Adolf Lorenz, professor at the University of Vienna, to treat his daughter Lolita. Lolita was born premature in 1896 and spent the first months of her life in an incubator. Later she was diagnosed with congenital dislocation of both hips. Lorenz had developed a “bloodless” treatment method and was invited by the Armour family to Chicago to “operate” on Lolita. Both hips had already been treated by an American orthopaedic surgeon before but without a satisfactory result. Lorenz should achieve a better one. The operation was performed in Chicago on 12 October 1902 and was accompanied by a very large media spectacle. This article is mainly based on contemporary newspaper reports.
Transition in Frailty State Among Elderly Patients After Vascular Surgery
Authors: Banning Louise B. D. , Visser Linda , Zeebregts Clark J. , van Leeuwen Barbara L. , el Moumni Mostafa , Pol Robert A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFrailty in the vascular surgical ward is common and predicts poor surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze transitions in frailty state in elderly patients after vascular surgery and to evaluate influence of patient characteristics on this transition.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2018, 310 patients, ≥65 years and scheduled for elective vascular surgery, were included in this cohort study. Transition in frailty state between preoperative and follow‐up measurement was determined using the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), a validated tool to measure frailty in vascular surgery patients. Frailty is defined as a GFI score ≥4. Patient characteristics leading to a transition in frailty state were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsMean age was 72.7 ± 5.2 years, and 74.5% were male. Mean follow‐up time was 22.7 ± 9.5 months. At baseline measurement, 79 patients (25.5%) were considered frail. In total, 64 non‐frail patients (20.6%) shifted to frail and 29 frail patients (9.4%) to non‐frail. Frail patients with a high Charlson Comorbidity Index (HR = 0.329 (CI: 0.133–0.812), p = 0.016) and that underwent a major vascular intervention (HR = 0.365 (CI: 0.154–0.865), p = 0.022) had a significantly higher risk to remain frail after the intervention.ConclusionsThe results of this study, showing that after vascular surgery almost 21% of the non‐frail patients become frail, may lead to a more effective shared decision‐making process when considering treatment options, by providing more insight in the postoperative frailty course of patients.
Textbook Outcomes in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Moris Dimitrios , Shaw Brian I. , Gloria Jared , Kesseli Samuel J. , Samoylova Mariya L. , Schmitz Robin , Manook Miriam , McElroy Lisa M. , Patel Yuval , Berg Carl L. , Knechtle Stuart J. , Sudan Debra L. , Barbas Andrew S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTextbook outcome (TO) is an emerging concept within multiple surgical domains, which represents a novel effort to define a standardized, composite quality benchmark based on multiple postoperative endpoints that represent the ideal “textbook” hospitalization. We sought to define TO for liver transplantation (LT) using a cohort from a high procedural volume center.MethodsPatients who underwent LT at our institution between 2014 and 2017 were eligible for the study. The definition of TO was determined by clinician consensus at our institution to include freedom from: mortality within 90 days, primary allograft non‐function, early allograft dysfunction (EAD), rejection within 30 days, readmission with 30 days, readmission to the ICU during index hospitalization, hospital length of stay > 75th percentile of all liver transplant patients, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirement greater than the 75th percentile for all liver transplant patients, Clavien–Dindo Grade III complication (re‐intervention), and major intraoperative complication.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐one liver transplants with complete data were performed within the study period. Of those, 71 (31%) achieved a TO. Overall, the most likely event to lead to failure to achieve TO was readmission within 30 days (n = 57, 37%) or reoperation (n = 49, 32%). Overall and rejection‐free survival did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Interestingly, patients who achieved TO incurred approximately $60,000 less in total charges than those who did not. When we limit this to charges specifically attributable to the transplant episode, the difference was approximately $50,000 and remained significantly less for those that achieved TO.ConclusionsHere, we present the first definition of TO in LT. Though not associated with long‐term outcomes, TO in LT is associated with a significantly lower charges and costs of the initial hospitalization. A multi‐institutional study to validate this definition of TO is warranted.
Treatment of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in pediatric NF1 disease
Authors: Martin Enrico , Flucke Uta E. , Coert J. Henk , van Noesel Max M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare yet highly aggressive soft tissue sarcomas. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have a 10% lifetime risk for development of MPNST. Prognosis remains poor and survival seems worse for NF1 patients.MethodsThis narrative review highlights current practices and pitfalls in the management of MPNST in pediatric NF1 patients.ResultsPreoperative diagnostics can be challenging, but PET scans have shown to be useful tools. More recently, functional MRI holds promise as well. Surgery remains the mainstay treatment for these patients, but careful planning is needed to minimize postoperative morbidity. Functional reconstructions can play a role in improving functional status. Radiotherapy can be administered to enhance local control in selected cases, but care should be taken to minimize radiation effects as well as reduce the risk of secondary malignancies. The exact role of chemotherapy has yet to be determined. Reports on the efficacy of chemotherapy vary as some report lower effects in NF1 populations. Promisingly, survival seems to ameliorate in the last few decades and response rates of chemotherapy may increase in NF1 populations when administering it as part of standard of care. However, in metastasized disease, response rates remain poor. New systemic therapies are therefore desperately warranted and multiple trials are currently investigating the role of drugs. Targeted drugs are nevertheless not yet included in first line treatment.ConclusionBoth research and clinical efforts benefit from multidisciplinary approaches with international collaborations in this rare malignancy.
A pro-inflammatory phenotype is associated with behavioural traits in children with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Krefft Maja , Frydecka Dorota , Zalsman Gil , Krzystek-Korpacka Małgorzata , Śmigiel Robert , Gębura Katarzyna , Bogunia-Kubik Katarzyna , Misiak Błażej 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence indicate that immune-inflammatory alterations are widely observed in various mental disorders. Genetic syndromes with high risk of psychiatric disorders may constitute a model for studies investigating this phenomenon. One of such genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorders is the Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Therefore, we aimed to profile a broad panel of immune-inflammatory markers in patients with PWS, taking into account co-morbid psychopathology. Participants were 20 children with PWS, and 20 healthy children matched for age, sex and body mass index. Behavioural symptoms and co-occurring psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). We found significantly elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-13 in patients with PWS. There were significant positive correlations between the levels of IL-1β and scores of the following externalizing and internalizing CBCL domains: withdrawn/depressed, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent and aggressive behaviour in PWS children. Moreover, higher levels of IL-13 were associated with more severe psychopathology in terms of social and attention problems as well as delinquent and aggressive behaviour. Our findings imply that subclinical inflammation, observed as elevated IL-1β and IL-13 levels, appears only in PWS patients and is correlated to several psychopathological symptoms.
CPA/Tiger-MGP: test-goal set partitioning for efficient multi-goal test-suite generation
Authors: Ruland Sebastian , Lochau Malte , Fehse Oliver , Schürr Andy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoftware model checkers can be used to generate high-quality test cases from counterexamples of a reachability analysis. However, naïvely invoking a software model checker for each test goal in isolation does not scale to large programs as a repeated construction of an abstract program model is expensive. In contrast, invoking a software model checker for reaching all test goals in a single run leads to few abstraction possibilities and thus to low scalability. Therefore, our approach pursues a test-suite generation technique that incorporates configurable multi-goal set partitioning (MGP) including configurable partitioning strategies and simultaneous processing of multiple test goals in one reachability analysis. Our approach employs recent techniques from multi-property verification in order to control the computational overhead for tracking multi-goal reachability information. Our tool, called CPA/Tiger-MGP, uses predicate-abstraction-based program analysis in the model-checking framework CPAchecker.
#postbabyhankypanky: An Empirically Based Knowledge Sharing Initiative About Sex and the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Rosen Natalie O. , Muise Megan D. , Vannier Sarah A. , Chambers Christine T. , Scott Heather ,   the #postbabyhankypanky Advisory Team, Attenborough Rebecca , Chisholm Kelly , Clarke Heather Laura , MacAulay James , Pierce Marianne , Rasic Ewa , Robinson Katherine , Webb Lisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the many sexual concerns experienced by new parents, and their reported desire for more information on this topic, both parents and healthcare providers remain reticent to broach the subject. The goal of this project was to disseminate evidence-based knowledge from our prior research in a way that was accessible, engaging, and would spark further interest and communication for both new parents and healthcare providers. We convened a multidisciplinary advisory group that also involved community parents who provided feedback at all phases of this project. We developed five brief YouTube videos, each featuring a core research finding. Following an empirically supported strategic knowledge translation plan, we disseminated the videos to our target audiences (i.e., expectant and new parents, healthcare providers, educators, and other stakeholders) using social media from February 2018 to November 2019. Data were collected using YouTube analytics and an online survey (convenience sample: N = 225 parents; N = 161 healthcare providers). From the date of the launch, the videos had a reach of 91,766 views from 14 countries, with viewers watching an average of 90% of a video. Overall, quantitative and qualitative survey results suggested that the videos were acceptable and appropriate, and respondents were more confident and comfortable discussing sexual issues (with their partner/with their patients) and would like more information about postpartum sexuality after watching the videos. YouTube videos are an acceptable and effective way to disseminate evidence aimed at raising awareness of factors affecting sexuality in the transition to parenthood.
Interest in Taking HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Is Associated with Behavioral Risk Indicators and Self-Perceived HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Attending HIV Testing Venues in Sweden
Authors: Herder Tobias , Agardh Anette , Björkman Per , Månsson Fredrik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study explored factors associated with interest in taking PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending HIV testing venues in Sweden. Data from 658 HIV-negative respondents, surveyed by a questionnaire at six sites, were analyzed descriptively and by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. A total of 453 (68.8%) of the respondents expressed interest in taking PrEP. Reporting self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition as moderate or high, reporting ≥ 5 partners for condomless anal intercourse during the past year, and reporting hard drug use during the past year were independently associated with interest in taking PrEP. However, an aggregated variable of self-reported rectal gonorrhea, rectal chlamydia, or syphilis infection during the past year was not associated with interest in taking PrEP. Overall, Swedish MSM were well-informed regarding PrEP, and interest in taking PrEP was positively associated with sexual risk indicators.
Transnational academic mobility in universities: the impact on a departmental and an interpersonal level
Authors: Greek Marit , Jonsmoen Kari Mari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article deals with internationalization in the field of higher education, focusing on the impact of transnational academic mobility on the university communities. Drawing on the results of a qualitative research study at different departments in a Norwegian university, this article explores the interaction between transnational academics and their Norwegian counterparts in an academic professional community. The key questions are the impact of internationalization on the working day at the departmental level, and how academics themselves experience working together with colleagues from all over the world. The topics are presented in the following four themes: informal interaction, cooperation, language practices, and internationalization. In the light of data gained through observation and informal dialogs in two departments that collectively consisted of 108 academic staff members, and formal interviews with 34 of them, both transnational and national, the paper concludes that the academics regard internationalization as a great source of professional knowledge. However, considerable institutional and personal adjustment is required to fully exploit the professional potential of diversity among the academic staff.