bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bioinspired Nanoprobe with Multilevel Responsive T1‐Weighted MR Signal‐Amplification Illuminates Ultrasmall Metastases
Authors: Li Yao , Zhao Xiao , Liu Xiaoli , Cheng Keman , Han Xuexiang , Zhang Yinlong , Min Huan , Liu Guangna , Xu Junchao , Shi Jian , Qin Hao , Fan Haiming , Ren Lei , Nie Guangjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetastasis remains the major cause of death in cancer patients. Thus, there is a need to sensitively detect tumor metastasis, especially ultrasmall metastasis, for early diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer. Herein, an ultrasensitive T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, UMFNP‐CREKA is reported. By conjugating the ultrasmall manganese ferrite nanoparticles (UMFNPs) with a tumor‐targeting penta‐peptide CREKA (Cys‐Arg‐Glu‐Lys‐Ala), ultrasmall breast cancer metastases are accurately detected. With a behavior similar to neutrophils' immunosurveillance process for eliminating foreign pathogens, UMFNP‐CREKA exhibits a chemotactic “targeting‐activation” capacity. UMFNP‐CREKA is recruited to the margin of tumor metastases by the binding of CREKA with fibrin‐fibronectin complexes, which are abundant around tumors, and then release of manganese ions (Mn2+) to the metastasis in response to pathological parameters (mild acidity and elevated H2O2). The localized release of Mn2+ and its interaction with proteins affects a marked amplification of T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) signals. In vivo T1‐weighted MRI experiments reveal that UMFNP‐CREKA can detect metastases at an unprecedented minimum detection limit of 0.39 mm, which has significantly extended the detection limit of previously reported MRI probe.
Microgel‐Based Devices as Wearable Capacitive Electronic Skins for Monitoring Cardiovascular Risks
Authors: Xia Xiangjiao , Zhang Xieli , Serpe Michael J. , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA strategy is developed for preparing wearable electronic skins (e‐skins) to obtain multiple outputs and realize superhigh sensitivity. In this work, e‐skins are fabricated using colloidal photonic crystals, in which a single layer of microgels is used as a deformation component. The special structure of the e‐skins allows dual outputs of optical and electronic signals in response to pressure changes. The single‐layer structure of the microgel film allows the e‐skin a high‐pressure sensitivity (10.1 kPa−1) and low minimum detection pressure (2 Pa), which enables it to monitor cardiovascular risks in a wearable style. For example, pulse beat spectrum is recorded using the e‐skin, and arterial stiffness index is obtained from the pulse beat spectrum. More importantly, the sensor is used in diagnosing a volunteer with an aneurysm by monitoring his apex beat. The detection results are wirelessly sent to a smartphone by Bluetooth and are displayed through home‐made software. This makes it very convenient to use at home or in the office.
Improving Processability and Efficiency of Resonant TADF Emitters: A Design Strategy
Authors: Hall David , Suresh Subeesh Madayanad , dos Santos Paloma L. , Duda Eimantas , Bagnich Sergey , Pershin Anton , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Beljonne David , Köhler Anna , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Olivier Yoann , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new design strategy is introduced to address a persistent weakness with resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (R‐TADF) emitters to reduce aggregation‐caused quenching effects, which are identified as one of the key limiting factors. The emitter Mes3DiKTa shows an improved photoluminescence quantum yield of 80% compared to 75% for the reference DiKTa in 3.5 wt% 1,3‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene. Importantly, emission from aggregates, even at high doping concentrations, is eliminated and aggregation‐caused quenching is strongly curtailed. For both molecules, triplets are almost quantitatively upconverted into singlets in electroluminescence, despite a significant (≈0.21 eV) singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST), in line with correlated quantum‐chemical calculations, and a slow reverse intersystem crossing. It is speculated that the lattice stiffness responsible for the narrow fluorescence and phosphorescence emission spectra also protects the triplets against nonradiative decay. An improved maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 21.1% for Mes3DIKTa compared to the parent DiKTa (14.7%) and, importantly, reduced efficiency roll‐off compared to literature resonance TADF organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), shows the promise of this design strategy for future design of R‐TADF emitters for OLED applications.
A 3D Lithium/Carbon Fiber Anode with Sustained Electrolyte Contact for Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shi Yang , Hu Xin‐Cheng , Wang Wen‐Peng , Wen Rui , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo reconcile the energy storage ability and operational safety of lithium metal batteries (LMBs), a transformation from a liquid to a solid‐state system is required. However, Li volume variation, poor interfacial contact, and high operation temperatures hinder its practical applications. To address the above issues, here, an integral structure design for solid‐state LMBs is shown, in which a Li‐preinfused 3D carbon fiber (Li/CF) anode is ionically connected to a cathode via an autopolymerized gel electrolyte. The gel electrolyte helps to encapsulate the liquid electrolyte within the Li/CF anode and the cathode to improve the interfacial contact. The gel also serves as a reservoir that balances the liquid electrolyte supply during repeated Li stripping/plating process. As a result, the symmetrical cells and full cells with Li/CF electrodes exhibit improved cycling stability and effective suppression of dendrites at ambient temperature. This work facilitates the realization of solid‐state LMBs with high energy and high safety.
Geriatric Emergency Medicine Fellowships: Current State of Specialized Training for Emergency Physicians in Optimizing Care for Older Adults
Authors: Rosen Tony , Liu Shan W. , Cameron‐Comasco Lauren , Clark Sunday , Mulcare Mary R. , Biese Kevin , Magidson Phillip D. , Tyler Katren R. , Melady Don , Thatphet Phraewa , Wongtangman Thiti , Elder Natalie M. , Stern Michael E. ,   the Academy of Geriatric Emergency Medicine
Published: December 2019

AbstractImproving emergency department (ED) care for older adults is a critical issue in emergency medicine. Institutions throughout the United States and Canada have recognized the growing need for a workforce of emergency physician (EP) leaders focused on clinical innovation, education, and research and have developed specialized fellowship training in geriatric emergency medicine (GEM). We describe here the overview, structure, and curricula of these fellowships as well as successes and challenges they have encountered. Seven GEM fellowships are active in the United States and Canada, with five offering postresidency training only, one offering fellowship training during residency only, and one offering both. The backbone of the curriculum for all fellowships is the achievement of core competencies in various aspects of GEM, and each includes clinical rotations, teaching, and a research project. Evaluation strategies and feedback have allowed for significant curricular changes as well as customization of the fellowship experience for individual fellows. Key successes include an improved collaborative relationship with geriatrics faculty that has led to additional initiatives and projects and former fellows already becoming regional and national leaders in GEM. The most critical challenges have been ensuring adequate funding and recruiting new fellows each year who are interested in this clinical area. We believe that interest in GEM fellowships will grow and that opportunities exist to combine GEM fellowship training with a focus in research, administration, or health policy to create unique new types of highly impactful specialized training. Future research may include exploring former fellows’ postfellowship experiences, careers, accomplishments, and contributions to GEM to better understand the impact of GEM fellowships.
Propofol infusion syndrome complicated with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes: a case report
Authors: Shimizu Junji , Tabata Takahisa , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Yamane Tetsunobu , Yamamoto Yutaka , Tsukamoto Takahito , Ogawa Nobuhiro , Kim Hyou , Urushitani Makoto , Eguchi Yutaka 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPropofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare but lethal complication of propofol use. It has been suggested that the pathological mechanism of PRIS involves mitochondrial disorder caused by propofol.Case PresentationA 24‐year‐old woman who had been diagnosed with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes was admitted to our hospital with impaired consciousness and myoclonus. To control the non‐convulsive status epilepticus, propofol was administered. Arterial blood gas revealed metabolic acidosis, and creatinine kinase was elevated. The patient was diagnosed with PRIS. We treated her with interruption of propofol. She required mechanical ventilation for 25 days. After rehabilitation, she recovered and was discharged.ConclusionMitochondrial disorder is a risk factor for PRIS. It is important for clinicians to be aware that mitochondrial disorder is a risk factor for PRIS, especially under conditions of critical illness and status epilepticus.
A General Route to Prepare Low‐Ruthenium‐Content Bimetallic Electrocatalysts for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Using Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Liu Yuan , Li Xue , Zhang Qinghua , Li Weidong , Xie Yu , Liu Hanyu , Shang Lu , Liu Zhongyi , Chen Zhimin , Gu Lin , Tang Zhiyong , Zhang Tierui , Lu Siyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA challenging but pressing task to design and synthesize novel, efficient, and robust pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for scalable and sustainable hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we report a facile method to prepare an efficient and robust Ru‐M (M=Ni, Mn, Cu) bimetal nanoparticle and carbon quantum dot hybrid (RuM/CQDs) for pH‐universal HER. The RuNi/CQDs catalysts exhibit outstanding HER performance at all pH levels. The unexpected low overpotentials of 13, 58, and 18 mV shown by RuNi/CQDs allow a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, 0.5 m H2SO4, and 1 m PBS, respectively, for Ru loading at 5.93 μgRu cm−2. This performance is among the best catalytic activities reported for any platinum‐free electrocatalyst. Theoretical studies reveal that Ni doping results in a moderate weakening of the hydrogen bonding energy of nearby surface Ru atoms, which plays a critical role in improving the HER activity.
Electrosynthesis of a Defective Indium Selenide with 3D Structure on a Substrate for Tunable CO2 Electroreduction to Syngas
Authors: Yang Dexin , Zhu Qinggong , Sun Xiaofu , Chen Chunjun , Guo Weiwei , Yang Guanying , Han Buxing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSyngas (CO/H2) is a feedstock for the production of a variety of valuable chemicals and liquid fuels, and CO2 electrochemical reduction to syngas is very promising. However, the production of syngas with high efficiency is difficult. Herein, we show that defective indium selenide synthesized by an electrosynthesis method on carbon paper (γ‐In2Se3/CP) is an extremely efficient electrocatalyst for this reaction. CO and H2 were the only products and the CO/H2 ratio could be tuned in a wide range by changing the applied potential or the composition of the electrolyte. In particular, using nanoflower‐like γ‐In2Se3/CP (F‐γ‐In2Se3/CP) as the electrode, the current density could be as high as 90.1 mA cm−2 at a CO/H2 ratio of 1:1. In addition, the Faradaic efficiency of CO could reach 96.5 % with a current density of 55.3 mA cm−2 at a very low overpotential of 220 mV. The outstanding electrocatalytic performance of F‐γ‐In2Se3/CP can be attributed to its defect‐rich 3D structure and good contact with the CP substrate.
Audiovisual temporal integration and rapid temporal recalibration in adolescents and adults: Age‐related changes and its correlation with autistic traits
Authors: Zhou Han‐yu , Shi Li‐juan , Yang Han‐xue , Cheung Eric F. C. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: December 2019

Temporal structure is a key factor in determining the relatedness of multisensory stimuli. Stimuli that are close in time are more likely to be integrated into a unified perceptual representation. To investigate the age‐related developmental differences in audiovisual temporal integration and rapid temporal recalibration, we administered simultaneity judgment (SJ) tasks to a group of adolescents (11–14 years) and young adults (18–28 years). No age‐related changes were found in the width of the temporal binding window within which participants are highly likely to combine multisensory stimuli. The main distinction between adolescents and adults was audiovisual temporal recalibration. Although participants of both age groups could rapidly recalibrate based on the previous trial for speech stimuli (i.e., syllable utterances), only adults but not adolescents showed short‐term recalibration for simple and non‐speech stimuli. In both adolescents and adults, no significant correlation was found between audiovisual temporal integration ability and autistic or schizotypal traits. These findings provide new information on the developmental trajectory of basic multisensory function and may have implications for neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism) with altered audiovisual temporal integration. Autism Res 2020, 13: 615–626. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryUtilizing temporal cues to integrate and separate audiovisual information is a fundamental ability underlying higher order social communicative functions. This study examines the developmental changes of the ability to detect audiovisual asynchrony and rapidly adjust sensory decisions based on previous sensory input. In healthy adolescents and young adults, the correlation between autistic traits and audiovisual integration ability failed to reach a significant level. Therefore, more research is needed to examine whether impairment in basic sensory functions is correlated with broader autism phenotype in nonclinical populations. These results may help us understand altered multisensory integration in people with autism.
Chiral Isolation and Absolute Configuration of (+)‐ and (−)‐Xanchryones F and G from Xanthostemon chrysanthus
Authors: Liu Fen , Wu Yan , Li Ni‐Ping , Liu Jiao‐Wen , Wang Lei , Ye Wen‐Cai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract(+)‐ and (−)‐Xanchryones F and G ((+)‐ and (−)‐1 and 2) were isolated from the plant Xanthostemon chrysanthus by chiral separation. Compounds 1 and 2 featured a new carbon skeleton with cinnamoyltriketone‐flavone adducts. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses and chemical calculations. The antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities of (+)‐ and (−)‐1 and 2 were evaluated.
Finding the Optimal Regularization Parameter in Distribution of Relaxation Times Analysis
Authors: Schlüter Nicolas , Ernst Sabine , Schröder Uwe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe distribution of relaxation times (DRT) method allows the direct interpretation of electrochemical impedance data, yielding an increased resolution in the frequency domain. Calculating the DRT from experimental impedance spectra, however, is an intrinsically ill‐posed problem requiring special mathematical treatments such as, for example, the Tikhonov regularization. In this study, we propose a new approach for finding optimal regularization parameters in the Tikhonov regularization. The new test function is based on repetitive impedance measurements and a simple data resampling with a subsequent variance investigation. Furthermore, our new approach is combined with already published procedures considering the determination of best regularization parameters. Here, the combination of several tests enables a clear assignment of an upper and a lower boundary for suitable regularization parameters. Finally, both tests were applied to simulated as well as to experimental impedance data for validation. To analyze the sensitivity of the approach, varying error extent was generated to the synthetic and experimental measurements.
Hierarchical Hollow‐Nanocube Ni−Co Skeleton@MoO3/MoS2 Hybrids for Improved‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Juan , Hou Shuang , Liu Tiezhong , Wang Liangke , Mei Chen , Guo Yayun , Zhao Lingzhi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImproving the performance of anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a hotly debated topic. Herein, hollow Ni−Co skeleton@MoS2/MoO3 nanocubes (NCM‐NCs), with an average size of about 193 nm, have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal reaction. Specifically, MoO3/MoS2 composites are grown on Ni−Co skeletons derived from nickel–cobalt Prussian blue analogue nanocubes (Ni−Co PBAs). The Ni−Co PBAs were synthesized through a precipitation method and utilized as self‐templates that provided a larger specific surface area for the adhesion of MoO3/MoS2 composites. According to Raman spectroscopy results, as‐obtained defect‐rich MoS2 is confirmed to be a metallic 1T‐phase MoS2. Furthermore, the average particle size of Ni−Co PBAs (≈43 nm) is only about one‐tenth of the previously reported particle size (≈400 nm). If assessed as anodes of LIBs, the hollow NCM‐NC hybrids deliver an excellent rate performance and superior cycling performance (with an initial discharge capacity of 1526.3 mAh g−1 and up to 1720.6 mAh g−1 after 317 cycles under a current density of 0.2 A g−1). Meanwhile, ultralong cycling life is retained, even at high current densities (776.6 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 700 cycles and 584.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 800 cycles). Moreover, at a rate of 1 A g−1, the average specific capacity is maintained at 661 mAh g−1. Thus, the hierarchical hollow NCM‐NC hybrids with excellent electrochemical performance are a promising anode material for LIBs.
Naphthyl‐Fused Phosphepines: Luminescent Contorted Polycyclic P‐Heterocycles
Authors: Delouche Thomas , Mokrai Réka , Roisnel Thierry , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Nyulászi László , Benkő Zoltán , Hissler Muriel , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article presents the synthesis of a new family of naphthyl‐fused phosphepines through Ni‐mediated C−C coupling. Interestingly, the chlorophosphine oxide intermediate shows strong resistance toward oxidation/hydrolysis owing to a combination of steric hindrance and pnictogen interactions. However, it can undergo substitution reactions under specific conditions. The optical/redox properties and the electronic structure of these new π‐systems were studied experimentally (UV/Vis absorption, emission, cyclic voltammetry) and computationally (TD‐DFT calculations, NICS investigation). Taking advantage of the luminescence of these derivatives, a blue‐emitting OLED has been prepared, highlighting that these novel π‐conjugated P‐heterocycles appear to be promising building blocks for solid‐state lighting applications.
Self‐Supported Nanoporous Au3Cu Electrode with Enriched Gold on Surface for Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Shen Yongli , Yao Shuang , Shu Miao , Si Rui , An Changhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe key to the electrochemical conversion of CO2 lies in the development of efficient electrocatalysts with ease of operation, good conductivity, and rich active sites that fulfil the desired reaction direction and selectivity. Herein, an oxidative etching of Au20Cu80 alloy is used for the synthesis of a nanoporous Au3Cu alloy, representing a facile strategy for tuning the surface electronic properties and altering the adsorption behavior of the intermediates. HRTEM, XPS, and EXAFS results reveal that the curved surface of the synthesized nanoporous Au3Cu is rich in gold with unsaturated coordination conditions. It can be used directly as a self‐supported electrode for CO2 reduction, and exhibits high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 98.12 % toward CO at a potential of −0.7 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The FE is 1.47 times that over the as‐made single nanoporous Au. Density functional theory reveals that *CO has a relatively long distance on the surface of nanoporous Au3Cu, making desorption of CO easier and avoiding CO poisoning. The Hirshfeld charge distribution shows that the Au atoms have a negative charge and the Cu atoms exhibit a positive charge, which separately bond to the C atom and O atom in the *COOH intermediate through a bidentate mode. This affords the lowest *COOH adsorption free energy and low desorption energy for CO molecules.
Numerical investigation of turbulent shear flows using production‐limited delayed detached‐eddy simulation
Authors: Ding Puxian , Wang Shuangfeng , Chen Kai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn chemical engineering, turbulent shear flows are often encountered. The grid induced separation (GIS) and the slow RANS‐LES transition issues should be alleviated when the delayed detached‐eddy simulation (DDES) is used to simulate turbulent shear flows. This paper studies the performance of the production‐limited DDES (PL‐DDES) model in improving the GIS and the slow RANS‐LES transition issues. Since the simplified IDDES (S‐IDDES) model is proposed to improve the GIS issue, the S‐IDDES model is chosen as the model for comparison. The simulation results show that the PL‐DDES model with constant C
d1 = 14 alleviates the GIS issue better than the S‐IDDES model and the PL‐DDES model with C
d1 = 8. The results of the free shear layer show that the PL‐DDES model can switch RANS to LES more rapidly and unlock the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability more effectively than the S‐DDES model. For the backward‐facing step flow, the S‐IDDES model performs poorly when unlocking the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability in the separation zone. On the other hand, the PL‐DDES model has a rapid RANS‐LES transition after the step and produces a significant transport of momentum in the shear layer, leading to reasonable separation distance and flow structures.
Personalising cardiovascular network models in pregnancy: A two‐tiered parameter estimation approach
Authors: Carson Jason , Warrander Lynne , Johnstone Edward , van Loon Raoul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUterine artery Doppler waveforms are often studied to determine whether a patient is at risk of developing pathologies such as pre‐eclampsia. Many uterine waveform indices have been developed, which attempt to relate characteristics of the waveform with the physiological adaptation of the maternal cardiovascular system, and are often suggested to be an indicator of increased placenta resistance and arterial stiffness.Doppler waveforms of four patients, two of whom developed pre‐eclampsia, are compared with a comprehensive closed‐loop model of pregnancy. The closed‐loop model has been previously validated but has been extended to include an improved parameter estimation technique that utilises systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, and pulse wave velocity measurements to adapt model resistances, compliances, blood volume, and the mean vessel areas in the main systemic arteries. The shape of the model‐predicted uterine artery velocity waveforms showed good agreement with the characteristics observed in the patient Doppler waveforms. The personalised models obtained now allow a prediction of the uterine pressure waveforms in addition to the uterine velocity. This allows for a more detailed mechanistic analysis of the waveforms, eg, wave intensity analysis, to study existing clinical indices. The findings indicate that to accurately estimate arterial stiffness, both pulse pressure and pulse wave velocities are required. In addition, the results predict that patients who developed pre‐eclampsia later in pregnancy have larger vessel areas in the main systemic arteries compared with the two patients who had normal pregnancy outcomes.