bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the zoo model to conservation of threatened exceptional plant species
Authors: Wood Jordan , Ballou Jonathan D. , Callicrate Taylor , Fant Jeremie B. , Griffith M. Patrick , Kramer Andrea T. , Lacy Robert C. , Meyer Abby , Sullivan Sara , Traylor‐Holzer Kathy , Walsh Seana K. , Havens Kayri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMaintaining a living plant collection is the most common method of ex situ conservation for plant species that cannot be seed banked (i.e., exceptional species). Viability of living collections, and their value for future conservation efforts, can be limited without coordinated efforts to track and manage individuals across institutions. Using a pedigree‐focused approach, the zoological community has established an inter‐institutional infrastructure to support long‐term viability of captive animal populations. We assessed the ability of this coordinated metacollection infrastructure to support the conservation of 4 plant species curated in living collections at multiple botanic gardens around the world. Limitations in current practices include the inability to compile, share, and analyze plant collections data at the individual level, as well as difficulty in tracking original provenance of ex situ material. The coordinated metacollection framework used by zoos can be adopted by the botanical community to improve conservation outcomes by minimizing the loss of genetic diversity in collections. We suggest actions to improve ex situ conservation of exceptional plant species, including developing a central database to aggregate data and track unique individuals of priority threatened species among institutions and adapting a pedigree‐based population management tool that incorporates life‐history aspects unique to plants. If approached collaboratively across regional, national, and global scales, these actions could transform ex situ conservation of threatened plant species.
Traits reveal ecological strategies driving carrion insect community assembly
Authors: Evans Maldwyn J. , Wallman James F. , Barton Philip S. 
Published: March 2020

1. The succession of carrion‐associated (necrophilous) insects on decomposing carrion is well documented. To exploit the changing nutritious and dynamic resources available throughout the carrion decomposition process, different species colonise and consume carrion in a predictable temporal sequence. The traits of these necrophilous insects should reflect their ecological strategies. Morphological traits of these insects, such as body size and wing size, however, have not previously been examined during active and advanced decomposition.2. We used fourth‐corner multivariate generalised linear models to identify insect community morphological trait patterns and to quantify their change through time on decomposing rabbit carcasses in grassland and woodland environments.3. We found that larger‐bodied species of flies and carrion‐specialist beetles were associated with the early stages of decomposition. The morphological traits of ants, in contrast, showed no changes at carcasses through time and instead showed body size differences between grassland and woodland environments.4. Our findings indicate that specialist flies and beetles that arrive early in the decomposition process possess traits that enable rapid discovery of carrion at a large scale. Generalist beetles and ants do not share this same trait and are instead adapted to locate and consume a wider variety of resources in their preferred habitat type at their local scale.5. Our results provide insights into the morphological adaptations linked to the ecological strategies of distinct components of carrion insect communities. Further, our results offer insights into the community assembly dynamics that structure the communities of necrophilous insect species.
Display above courts of White‐throated manakins: A new view about its display behavior
Authors: Tolentino Mariana , Anciães Marina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to breed successfully, organisms exhibit multiple strategies to enhance mate attraction, such as elaborate physical ornamentation, behavioral courtship displays, and social interactions, leading to competition or cooperation among potential mates. Within lek mating systems, species evolve under strong sexual selection, which promotes the evolution of exaggerated sexual traits such as male courtship displays. The White‐throated manakin, Corapipo gutturalis, is a small Neotropical bird mating in leks where males display courtships to attract females. Their displays commonly take place on fallen logs on the forest floor, but there are descriptions of displays on higher forest stratum above the typical logs. In this study, we aimed at adding new behavioral information on the above‐log displays and to compare them to log displays in their potential to attract females. For this, we conducted focal observations on seven display courts in two reproductive seasons for 193 hr and recorded above‐log displays in four of the seven observed courts. Above‐log displays were always performed in groups of up to four males from multiple ages and, on only two occasions, these displays ended on the display log. We recorded the same elements previously described during above‐log displays for the species, besides the side‐to‐side slide that had not yet been registered for the species. Above‐log displays included more males than log displays. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of females visits to above‐log displays or log displays and, likewise, the number of males engaging in the above‐log displays did not determine female visits either. Thus, we found no evidence that above‐log displays are more effective at attracting females than those on the log display. Since above‐log displays are always in the presence of multiple males, we suggest that it may represent male–male competition to define male individuals accessing the display logs.
Catching the future: Applying Bayesian belief networks to exploratory scenario storylines to assess long‐term changes in Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras, Clupeidae) and salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae) fisheries
Authors: Pihlajamäki Mia , Helle Inari , Haapasaari Päivi , Sarkki Simo , Kuikka Sakari , Lehikoinen Annukka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFisheries management aims to ensure that the fishing activities are environmentally sustainable in the long term, while also achieving the economic, social and food security related management objectives. To facilitate this, both the ecological and human dimensions of sustainability need to be included in fisheries assessment. In addition, assessing long‐term sustainability calls for taking into account plausible changes in the surrounding societal conditions that shape the characteristics of the fisheries governance system, as well as the ecological conditions. The paper uses a combination of qualitative exploratory scenario storylines (ESS) and Bayesian belief networks (BBN) to integrate the environmental, economic, social and food security dimensions in an interdisciplinary assessment of the future sustainability of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras, Clupeidae) and salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae) fisheries. First, four alternative ESS were created based on plausible changes in societal drivers. The ESS were then formulated into a BBN to (a) visualize the assumed causalities, and (b) examine quantitatively how changes in the societal drivers affect the social‐ecological fisheries system and ultimately the fisheries management objectives. This type of probabilistic scenario synthesis can help in thinking qualitative scenarios in a quantitative way. Moreover, it can increase understanding on the causal links between societal driving forces and the complex fisheries system and on how the management objectives can be achieved, thereby providing valuable information for strategic decision‐making under uncertainty.
Fortress Wytschaete: geological controls on the German frontline in Flanders, 1914–1917
Authors: Doyle Peter , Verdegem Simon , Schäfer Robin 
Published: March 2020

The Battle of Messines (Wytschaete Bogen) of June 1917 is hailed as a triumph of military geology, with the simultaneous explosion of some 19 mines leading to the Allied destruction of the German frontline positions. This story is well known and rightly celebrated; but less well understood and often overshadowed by this success is the story of the effectiveness of the German fortress positions. These were constructed in late 1914 in order to maintain the strategic aim of holding the Allies in the west while pressing the Russians through a series of offensives in east. In this, they were highly effective, even in the face of continuous Allied bombardment. This article seeks to redress this unbalance in our understanding, drawing on archaeological evidence and archival resources to present a clearer picture of the nature of the German positions.
Labour and international accounting standards: A question of social justice
Authors: JUBÉ Samuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs the international guardian of social justice, the ILO is witnessing a global revolution in accounting, which has culminated in international accounting standards (IAS‐IFRS). Previously, accounting measured the economy in relation to the capacities and responsibilities of workers and their employers. Today, the exact opposite is the case: the IAS‐IFRS no longer measure work and enterprises, referring instead to the abstract concept of a cybernetic entity capable of constant restructuring, at the cost of unprecedented inequality. The author points to the incoherence of this system and to the need to restore the full carrying value of labour.
Development of a clinical pathway for screening and integrated care of eating disorders in a rural substance use treatment setting
Authors: Evans Jocelyn , Horn Kristine , Cowan Darrin , Brunero Scott 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEating and substance use disorders frequently co‐occur in clinical samples. This comorbidity presents a particular challenge due to increased medical complications, higher relapse rates, psychiatric comorbidity, and poorer overall outcomes for both disorders, and is associated with specific medical and psychiatric difficulties that contribute to complexity in diagnosis and treatment. However, patients with co‐occurring substance use and eating disorders do not widely receive structured standardized assessment or treatment for eating disorders in substance use treatment settings. Focus groups were conducted to seek clinician’s knowledge and perceptions of screening and care planning for eating disorder presentations in a rural substance use treatment setting. The study adheres to COREQ guidelines. To analyse the focus group data, the authors utilized thematic analysis and three major themes emerged as follows: beliefs about clients (stereotypical views, complexity of comorbidity, client expectations), understanding of self (lack of knowledge/skills, professional role), and organizational barriers and enablers. Whilst identifying a significant number of clinician and organizational barriers to providing screening and treatment of eating disorders in a substance use treatment setting, focus group discussions also highlighted a number of potential enablers. Most notably clinicians identified a willingness to provide screening and care planning if they were provided with education, a clinical pathway and access to screening tools. A consensus conferencing approach facilitated construction of a clinical pathway to enable the service to provide screening, assessment, and treatment planning for clients with comorbid eating disorder.
Poling temperature‐insensitive piezoelectric constant of high‐performance potassium sodium niobate piezoceramics
Authors: Tao Hong , Wang Zheng , Zhao Silu , Zhao Chunlin , Yin Jie , Wu Jiagang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeriving from strong temperature dependence of polymorphic phase boundaries, piezoelectric constant of potassium sodium niobate (K0.5N0.5NbO3)‐based ceramics is sensitive to the poling temperature. Here, an effective strategy of doping rare earth (RE) elements is proposed to solve this issue. Piezoelectric constant (d33 ~ 440 pC/N) can be well kept in 0.965K0.45Na0.55Nb0.96Sb0.04O3‐0.035(Bi0.75Dy0.25)0.5Na0.5HfO3 ceramics at a wide poling temperature range (35‐120°C) by the method of replacing Bi3+ with rare earth dysprosium, and importantly, this method can be effectively expanded to other RE elements. The high piezoelectricity roots in the multiphase coexistence with the addition of RE elements. The dull sensitivity of poling temperature is analyzed by microstructure information, that is, ferroelectric domains can be well rotated under a wide temperature range by introducing RE, which is responsible for the stabilized piezo‐response against the poling temperature. Moreover, comparing with Bi3+, a lower electronegativity of RE3+ may effectively reduce the micro‐stress produced by lattice distortion, also yielding to the lattice softening and the easier domain rotation.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviates acute pancreatitis via activation of the Sirt1‐autophagy signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Qiongzhen , Li Jinmeng , Ma Junfeng , Yang Xiaoning , Ni Ming , Zhang Yali , Li Xiaokun , Lin Zhuofeng , Gong Fanghua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, alleviates the process of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, its mechanism remains elusive. The pathological and physiological characteristics of FGF21 are observed in both patients with AP and cerulein‐induced AP models, and the mechanisms of FGF21 in response to AP are investigated by evaluating the impact of autophagy in FGF21‐treated mice and cultured pancreatic cells. Circulating levels of FGF21 significantly increase in both AP patients and cerulein‐induced AP mice, which is accompanied by the change of pathology in pancreatic injury. Replenishment of FGF21 distinctly reverses cerulein‐induced pancreatic injury and improves cerulein‐induced autophagy damage in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, FGF21 acts on pancreatic acinar cells to up‐regulate Sirtuin‐1 (Sirt1) expression, which in turn repairs impaired autophagy and removes damaged organs. In addition, blockage of Sirt1 accelerates cerulein‐induced pancreatic injury and weakens the regulative effect in FGF21‐activated autophagy in mice. These results showed that FGF21 protects against cerulein‐induced AP by activation of Sirtuin‐1‐autophagy axis.
To construct a ceRNA regulatory network as prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer
Authors: Jiang Jiazhi , Bi Yaqiong , Liu Xiao‐Ping , Yu Donghu , Yan Xin , Yao Jie , Liu Tongzu , Li Sheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence demonstrates that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis has played a role in molecular biological mechanisms of cancer occurrence and development. But the effect of ceRNA network in bladder cancer (BC), especially lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network of BC, was not completely expounded. By means of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we compared the expression of RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) data between 19 normal bladder tissue and 414 primary bladder tumours. Then, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to analyse the correlation between two sets of genes with traits. Interactions between miRNAs, lncRNAs and target mRNAs were predicted by MiRcode, miRDB, starBase, miRTarBase and TargetScan. Next, by univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis, the 86 mRNAs obtained by prediction were used to construct a prognostic model which contained 4 mRNAs (ACTC1 + FAM129A + OSBPL10 + EPHA2). Then, by the 4 mRNAs in the prognostic model, a ceRNA regulatory network with 48 lncRNAs, 14 miRNAs and 4 mRNAs was constructed. To sum up, the ceRNA network can further explore gene regulation and predict the prognosis of BC patients.
A split‐face randomized controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of intralesional radiofrequency‐assisted subcision vs conventional subcision in postacne scars
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Sharma Vinod K. , Sethuraman Gomathy , Arava Sudheer , Gupta Somesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostacne scars have significant psychosocial distress among patients. Subcision is a well‐known treatment modality specially for rolling type of acne scars, but is a crude mechanical process, which carries a risk of hematoma formation.AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency‐assisted subcision (rSubcision) with conventional subcision in postacne scars.MethodsIn this randomized, split‐face study, adult patients with postacne scars were randomized to receive either conventional subcision or rSubcision in 2 sessions, 4 weeks apart and followed up for 2 months. Outcome was measured using Goodman and Baron score (GBS), investigator global assessment (IGA) by two blinded dermatologists, and patient global assessment (PGA).ResultsSeventeen out of 21 patients completed the treatment. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS 15.0 statistical software (SPSS). Patients in both the groups had significant improvement from baseline according to quantitative scoring (P = .0001), number of scars (P = .0001), IGA, and PGA. The improvement was comparable in both the groups according to GBS and IGA but better on rSubcision side in terms of PGA. Two patients developed small entry point burn during rSubcision which healed in one month and one developed persistent hematoma with conventional subcision.ConclusionsBoth modalities were comparable in terms of assessment scores and investigator assessment, but patients found improvement better on rSubcision side.
Serum bilirubin and uric acid antioxidant levels in rosacea patients
Authors: Turkmen Dursun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although the significant role of oxidative stress in rosacea pathophysiology has been shown in recent studies, there is no study addressing the potential roles of bilirubin and uric acid (UA) in rosacea.AimThe purpose of this study was to assign serum bilirubin and UA antioxidant levels in rosacea patients.MethodsEighty‐seven rosacea patients and 81 healthy controls (HCs) similar age and gender were included in the study. From all study participants, blood samples were taken and the values of total bilirubin (Tbil), direct bilirubin (Dbil), indirect bilirubin (Ibil), and UA were analyzed in the laboratory of biochemistry.ResultsThe type of rosacea was erythematotelangiectatic in 51.7% of the patients, papulopustular in 43.7%, and phymatous in 4.6%. In rosacea group serum, Tbil, Dbil, Ibil, and UA values were found to be significantly lower than in the HCs. Male rosacea patients were found to have lower Tbil, Dbil, Ibil, and UA levels when compared with the males in the HCs. There was also the same significant difference in female patients.ConclusionMain finding of our study was that when compared with the control group, serum bilirubin and UA levels were significantly lower in rosacea patients. These levels sustain the hypothesis that antioxidant status and oxidative stress are important in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
What use has approved
Authors: Endicott Timothy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe meaning of a word is given by a customary rule for its use. I defend that claim and explain its implications by a comparison with customary rules in law. I address two problems about customary rules: first, how can the mere facts of social practice yield a norm? Secondly, how can we explain disagreement about the requirements of a custom, if those requirements are determined by the shared practice of the participants in a community? These problems can be resolved in a way that illuminates customary rules, and helps to explain the relation between the meaning of a word and the customary rule for its use. The meaning of a word is the usefulness that it has because of the customary rule for its use.
Boosting multiplicative model combination
Authors: Vidoni Paolo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, we define a new boosting‐type algorithm for multiplicative model combination using as loss function the Hyvärinen scoring rule. In particular, we focus on density estimation problems and the aim is to define a suitable estimator, using a multiplicative combination of elementary density functions, which correspond to simplified or partially specified probability models for the interest random phenomenon. The boosting algorithm provides a simple sequential procedure for updating the weights of the component density functions, until an optimality criterion is satisfied. An extension of this procedure can be useful for composite likelihood inference, in order to specify the weights of the component likelihood objects and, simultaneously, implement parameter estimation. Finally, three applications are presented. The first one regards prediction and inference for autoregressive models, the second one is the use of model pools for prediction in a time series framework, and the third one is the estimation of the covariance and the precision matrices of a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Empirical results on real‐world financial data are presented in challenging contexts, where we have to deal with a large dataset or with sparse matrices and a large number of unknown parameters.
Cytomegalovirus myocarditis in solid organ transplant recipients: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Scherger Sias , Mathur Swati , Bajrovic Valida , Johnson Steven C. , Benamu Esther , Ramanan Poornima , Wolfel Gene , Levi Marilyn E. , Abidi Maheen Z. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family and is estimated to affect 15%‐30% of high‐risk solid organ transplant recipients. Typical manifestations of CMV end‐organ disease in this population include colitis, esophagitis, and pneumonitis, and myocarditis is a rarely reported manifestation. We describe two cases of CMV myocarditis in solid organ transplant recipients and review the literature regarding previously published cases of CMV myocarditis.
Near-Field Electroluminescent Refrigeration System Consisting of Two Graphene Schottky Diodes
Authors: Song Jaeman , Jang Junho , Lim Mikyung , Lee Jungchul , Lee Seung S. , Lee Bong Jae 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It has been shown that the performance of a thermal radiative device, such as a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) and an electroluminescent (EL) refrigerator, can be significantly enhanced when the vacuum gap between a reservoir and a semiconductor diode becomes nanoscale. Recently, several studies have reported the integration of a TPV and a light emitting diode (LED) in one near-field thermal radiative device to improve the operation efficiency. However, surface polaritons were hardly exploited in previous research because bare semiconductor diodes were used. In this paper, we propose a TPV-LED integrated near-field EL refrigeration system consisting of two graphene-semiconductor Schottky diodes. A substantial refrigeration rate (101.9 kW/m2) is achieved owing to the coupling of surface plasmon-phonon polaritons excited by a symmetric configuration of graphene-polar materials. Moreover, the cooling coefficient of performance (COP) of the system can be enhanced up to 2.65 times by recycling the electrical power generated in the TPV cell. The cooling performance is further investigated in relation to design parameters, namely the doping concentration of Si and insulator thickness.