bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A long‐term study of the effects of SLC12A1 homozygous mutation (g.62382825G>A, p.Pro372Leu) in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Sakamoto Yoichi , Hasegawa Kiyotoshi , Moriwaki Shunsuke , Hara Yoko , Hamada Yuta , Sasaki Shinji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecessive missense mutation in the solute carrier family 12, member 1 (SLC12A1) gene (g.62382825G>A) is associated with hydrallantois, which is the accumulation of fluid in the allantoic cavity of a pregnant animal, and usually causes fetal death in Japanese Black cattle. However, the symptoms of a homozygote with this mutation that do not result in fetal death have not previously been tracked and evaluated. In the present study, we observed a homozygote with the SLC12A1 risk allele over a long‐term period. The calf did not show any obvious clinical symptoms, although it did exhibit a slight growth retardation that accompanied mild calciuria. At 28 months of age, the homozygote showed renal dysfunction, which in turn resulted in hydronephrosis. The time course of the symptoms was consistent with the phenotype of Bartter syndrome in humans. Additionally, the risk heterozygous genotype did not any effects on carcass traits, which indicates that eliminating the risk allele would not have any unfavorable effects. Therefore, we emphasize that both the fetal‐ and late‐stage symptoms associated with the SLC12A1 risk allele compromise animal welfare, and consequently may result in severe economic losses for individual farmers if the SLC12A1 risk allele is not eliminated from the population.
Sunflower pollen reduces a gut pathogen in worker and queen but not male bumble bees
Authors: Fowler Alison E. , Stone Elyse C. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Adler Lynn S. 
Published: July 2020

1. Social insect castes and sexes differ in many ways, including morphology, behavior, and sometimes ploidy level. Recent studies have found that consuming sunflower pollen reduces the gut pathogen Crithidia bombi in workers of the common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens). Here, this work is extended to the reproductive individuals that represent colony fitness – males and queens – to assess if the medicinal effects of sunflower pollen vary with bee caste and sex.2. This study examined the effect of sunflower pollen compared to a diverse wildflower pollen mix on infection in worker, male, and daughter queen commercial B. impatiens. Bees were infected, fed either sunflower pollen or wildflower pollen for 7 days, and then infection levels were assessed.3. Compared to wildflower pollen, sunflower pollen dramatically reduced Crithidia infection in workers and daughter queens, but not males. Infection levels were very low for both diets in males; this could be due to low pollen consumption or other mechanisms.4. Reducing Crithidia infection in young queens before they undergo hibernation is important for population dynamics since infected queens are less likely to survive hibernation, and those that do are less likely to successfully establish a nest the following spring. Because sunflowers bloom in late summer when new queens are emerging, sunflowers could provide an important dietary component for queens during this critical life stage. Deepening our understanding of how diet impacts pathogens in reproductive bees, as well as workers, is crucial to maintain healthy pollinator populations.
Pedagogies for the ‘Dis‐engaged’: Diverse Experiences of the Young People’s Arts Award Programme
Authors: Howard Frances 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArt education is often praised for its engaging programmes and inclusive pedagogies, with many initiatives created with the intention of widening access for those who are deemed to be lacking. This article investigates one such programme – the young people’s Arts Award, which is a nationally recognised qualification for young people aged 11–25. I call upon a range of pedagogies in order to critique the Arts Award within the context of informal and alternative education settings in the United Kingdom. Drawing on a 12‐month ethnographic study, the research was conducted across five diverse programmes which included youth work projects and alternative provision. I present two cases – ‘learning to be an artist’ and ‘learning to behave’ – which demonstrate a hierarchy of pedagogy in the application of this programme across these particular contexts. Artists’ Signature Pedagogies are used as an analytical framework to explore the affordances of working with artists through the programme. Further, I engage with the Pedagogy of Poverty to demonstrate that young people who were classified as ‘dis‐engaged’ were more likely to receive lower quality programmes, low‐level work and over‐regulated teaching. I argue that despite changes to the ways that young people access art education, there continues to be unequal opportunities. This finding is significant for not only creative practitioners and youth arts workers, but also arts education policy makers and programmers.
The role of agro‐ecological factors and transboundary transhumance in shaping the genetic diversity in four indigenous cattle populations of Benin
Authors: Scheper Carsten , Bohlouli Mehdi , Brügemann Kerstin , Weimann Christina , Vanvanhossou Sèyi Fridaïus Ulrich , König Sven , Dossa Luc Hippolyte 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe indigenous cattle population of Benin is a diverse mix of taurine and hybrid breeds shaped by diverse ecological and climatic conditions with eight agro‐ecological zones (AEZ). Presumably, the taurine breeds face current endangerment due to ongoing indicine introgression following climate change and transboundary transhumance. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the indigenous breeds Lagune, Somba, Pabli and Borgou considering spatial agro‐ecological and socio‐economic factors (transhumance) based on 50k SNP and microsatellite data. Among the four sampled breeds, six genetic clusters were identified using model‐free (discriminant analysis of principal components) and model‐based (TESS and ADMIXTURE) methods separating taurine from hybrid breeds. Results based on an extension with publicly available historic SNP data sets from taurine and indicine West African cattle and additional outgroups provided additional insight into changes of genetic structure in the sampled breeds over time. Both taurine breeds, Somba and Lagune, showed a stable foundation but also spatially limited partial indicine introgression associated with transhumance leading to high genetic diversity. In addition, we found evidence for spatial diversity and changes in genetic structure over time in the Borgou breed in comparison of our samples with the historic samples which could be explained by potential continuous indicine introgression into the Borgou breed in two sample regions. Results for the Pabli breed do not conclusively point to full absorbance by the Borgou in comparison with all available Borgou samples. Further research is needed in this regard.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced exosomal miR‐27a‐3p promotes immune escape in breast cancer via regulating PD‐L1 expression in macrophages
Authors: Yao Xiaoli , Tu Yi , Xu Yulin , Guo Yueyue , Yao Feng , Zhang Xinghua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmune escape of breast cancer cells contributes to breast cancer pathogenesis. Tumour microenvironment stresses that disrupt protein homeostasis can produce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The miRNA‐mediated translational repression of mRNAs has been extensively studied in regulating immune escape and ER stress in human cancers. In this study, we identified a novel microRNA (miR)‐27a‐3p and investigated its mechanistic role in promoting immune evasion. The binding affinity between miR‐27a‐3p and MAGI2 was predicted using bioinformatic analysis and verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Ectopic expression and inhibition of miR‐27a‐3p in breast cancer cells were achieved by transduction with mimics and inhibitors. Besides, artificial modulation of MAGI2 and PTEN was done to explore their function in ER stress and immune escape of cancer cells. Of note, exosomes were derived from cancer cells and co‐cultured with macrophages for mechanistic studies. The experimental data suggested that ER stress biomarkers including GRP78, PERK, ATF6, IRE1α and PD‐L1 were overexpressed in breast cancer tissues relative to paracancerous tissues. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promoted exosome secretion and elevated exosomal miR‐27a‐3p expression. Elevation of miR‐27a‐3p and PD‐L1 levels in macrophages was observed in response to exosomes‐overexpressing miR‐27a‐3p in vivo and in vitro. miR‐27a‐3p could target and negatively regulate MAGI2, while MAGI2 down‐regulated PD‐L1 by up‐regulating PTEN to inactivate PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Less CD4+, CD8+ T cells and IL‐2, and T cells apoptosis were observed in response to co‐culture of macrophages and CD3+ T cells. Conjointly, exosomal miR‐27a‐3p promotes immune evasion by up‐regulating PD‐L1 via MAGI2/PTEN/PI3K axis in breast cancer.
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is involved in oral cancer cell metastasis
Authors: Huang Hsun‐Yu , Chou Hsiu‐Chuan , Law Ching‐Hsuan , Chang Wan‐Ting , Wen Tzu‐Ning , Liao En‐Chi , Lin Meng‐Wei , Lin Li‐Hsun , Wei Yu‐Shan , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Chen Hsin‐Yi , Tan Kui‐Thong , Kuo Wen‐Hung , Ko Mei‐Lan , Chang Shing‐Jyh , Lee Ying‐Ray , Chan Hong‐Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer metastasis is a common cause of failure in cancer therapy. However, over 60% of oral cancer patients present with advanced stage disease, and the five‐year survival rates of these patients decrease from 72.6% to 20% as the stage becomes more advanced. In order to manage oral cancer, identification of metastasis biomarker and mechanism is critical. In this study, we use a pair of oral squamous cell carcinoma lines, OC3, and invasive OC3‐I5 as a model system to examine invasive mechanism and to identify potential therapeutic targets. We used two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS) to examine the global protein expression changes between OC3 and invasive OC3‐I5. A proteomic study reveals that invasive properties alter the expression of 101 proteins in OC3‐I5 cells comparing to OC3 cells. Further studies have used RNA interference technique to monitor the influence of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) protein in invasion and evaluate their potency in regulating invasion and the mechanism it involved. The results demonstrated that expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including Twist, p‐Src, Snail1, SIP1, JAM‐A, vimentin and vinculin was increased in OC3‐I5 compared to OC3 cells, whereas E‐cadherin expression was decreased in the OC3‐I5 cells. Moreover, in mouse model, PGRMC1 is shown to affect not only migration and invasion but also metastasis in vivo. Taken together, the proteomic approach allows us to identify numerous proteins, including PGRMC1, involved in invasion mechanism. Our results provide useful diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of oral cancer invasion.
Is it possible to predict the onset of nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin degludec? Potential role of previous day and next morning glucose values
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Nishimura Rimei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo determine whether the occurrence of nocturnal asymptomatic, serious, clinically important hypoglycemia (NSH) could be predicted based on glucose values on the previous day and the following morning of the day of onset.Materials and MethodsThis study examined patients with type 1 diabetes who underwent continuous glucose monitoring assessments and received insulin degludec. NSH was defined as glucose level <54 mg/dL detected between 24.00 and 06.00 hours. The participants were evaluated to determine the following: (i) glucose level at bedtime (24.00 hours) on the previous day (BG); (ii) fasting glucose level (FG); and (iii) the range of post‐breakfast glucose elevation. The patients were divided into those with NSH and those without, and compared using t‐tests. Optimal cut‐off values for relevant parameters for predicting NSH were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsThe study included a total of 31 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean glycated hemoglobin value 7.8 ± 0.7%). NSH occurred in eight patients (26%). BG and FG were significantly lower in those with NSH than in those without (P = 0.044, P < 0.001). The range of post‐breakfast glucose elevation was significantly greater in those with NSH than in those without. The cut‐off glucose values for predicting NSH were as follows: BG = 90 mg/dL (sensitivity 0.83/specificity 0.75/area under the curve 0.79, P = 0.017) and FG = 69 mg/dL (0.83/0.75/0.86, P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe results showed that in patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin degludec, BG <90 mg/dL and FG <69 mg/dL had an approximately 80% probability of predicting the occurrence of NSH.
Uncertainty and Labour Force Participation*
Authors: Fontaine Idriss 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCan an increase in uncertainty generate a fall in labour force participation? This paper supports an affirmative answer to this question. Using a structural vector autoregressive model, I show that: (i) a surge in uncertainty leads to a decrease in participation; (ii) uncertainty shocks account for a considerable proportion of participation fluctuations; and (iii) uncertainty shocks have in recent years contributed non‐marginally to participation variations. To explain these facts, I build a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with a frictional labour market, endogenous labour force and stochastic volatility. A model with flexible prices induces the expansionary effects of uncertainty on labour force participation. By contrast, a model with price stickiness can reproduce negative empirical comovements. As firms postpone hiring, the household follows a discouragement effect and responds by reducing the size of the labour force. This paper suggests that in a context of variable labour supply, labour market frictions alone do not suffice to reproduce the negative effects of uncertainty shocks. It also confirms the importance of rigid prices as an amplification mechanism for uncertainty shocks and suggests that the modelling of labour force participation has some implications on the transmission channel of uncertainty.
Attempts to induce tolerance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in sheep
Authors: Lundberg Sara S. , McNeilly Tom N. , McAnulty Robin W. , Greer Andrew W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe possibility of manipulating the immune response in lambs to the gastrointestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis to reduce production losses associated with infection was investigated. In a series of four experiments, attempts to immunize sheep via the mucosal route to modify the immune response and induce mucosal tolerance are outlined. Initially, a proof of concept study was conducted with lambs being injected with multiple doses of a somatic T colubriformis antigen without an adjuvant in the rectal submucosa and subsequently challenged with T colubriformis L3 larvae. This was followed by a dose‐response study comparing different antigen doses to identify the optimum dose of the nematode antigen for successful induction of mucosal tolerance. The final two studies were conducted to determine the larval stage specificity of the parasite antigen and the most suitable site of delivery required to stimulate mucosal tolerance.MethodsIn the proof of concept study, lambs either received repeated injections in the rectal submucosa at 3 × weekly intervals with 15 µg of L3, 11 µg of L4 and 21 µg of immature adult (L5) somatic T colubriformis antigens (ANT) or not (INF) prior to infection with T colubriformis. In the dose‐rate study, antigen dose rates of 100%, 50%, 10%, 1% or 0% of the antigen concentration used in the proof of concept study were compared while the larval stage study compared antigen from either L3, L4, L5 stages or combination of all (COMB) and the route of administration study compared antigen delivery into either the rectal submucosa (RE) or sub‐cutaneous injection (SC).ResultsDuring infection, lamb growth was improved by antigen treatment between days 21 and 42 in the proof of concept study (P = .009), for groups 10%, 50% and 100% in the dose‐rate study (P < .05 for all) and in RE in the route of administration study with no improvement observed in the larval stage study. No differences in faecal egg counts were observed (P > .05 for all). Parasite‐specific IgA and IgE showed a dose‐response (the dose‐rate study), were not affected by larval stage (the larval stage study) and were greater in RE than SC (the route of administration study). IL‐4 production following lymphocyte stimulation was greatest in COMB (the larval stage study) and RE (the route of administration study).ConclusionsAlthough antigen treatment improved performance, this was inconsistent and appeared to stimulate immunity rather than induce tolerance. Combined larval stages were more efficient than individual stages, and intra‐rectal administration was more effective than sub‐cutaneous.
Optimal trade policy, equilibrium unemployment, and labor market inefficiency
Authors: Suwanprasert Wisarut 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnder which circumstances is using trade policies to prevent job losses welfare improving? To answer this question, I incorporate a frictional labor market into the Heckscher–Ohlin model. The results suggest that (a) a country that has an inefficient level of unemployment may experience welfare losses from free trade; (b) having search‐generated unemployment is not sufficient to justify a use of trade policy, because free trade is still optimal when the labor market is constrained‐efficient; and (c) a small country that has an inefficient level of unemployment can use trade policy to improve its welfare.
Insights into the estimation of hydroxyl radical rate constant of water contaminants in AOP using new smart QSPR models
Authors: Tangestani Ebrahim , Keivanimehr Farhad , Ghadiri Mahdi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvestigations on the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) express that one of the effective oxidation agents in the degradation of organic pollutants is the aqueous hydroxyl radical. Therefore, the main aim of this work is the determination of the hydroxyl radical rate constant. To this end, three artificial intelligence methods were used to predict this constant for 457 various water pollutants from 27 molecular structures. The modelling results showed that the proposed decision tree model can determine the mentioned parameter with R‐squared values of 0.9264 and mean relative error of 1.479 for the overall data set. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of input parameters showed that Burden eigenvalue has the most impact on the hydroxyl radical rate constant. Finally, different comparisons were carried out between the suggested algorithms and other published approaches in the literature, which showed a high degree of precision for our models.
Analysis of the distribution of BAD generated during the normal penetration of a variable cross-section EFP on RHA
Authors: XING Boyang , HOU Yunhui , GUO Zhenyan , ZHANG Dongjiang , CHEN Liang , Yang Yongliang , Luo Jianhua , LIU Rongzhong , GUO Rui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyse how the thickness of Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) and impact velocity of an Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) influence the middle mass behind-armor debris (BAD) when a variable cross-section EFP penetrates RHA normally. Numerical simulation is adopted, the thickness of RHA varies from 10mm to 70mm, and the impact velocity of the EFP varies from 1650m/s to 1860m/s. The results indicate that: (1) when the impact velocity of the EFP is 1650m/s and the thickness of RHA varies from 10mm to 70mm, p1g of the RHA and EFP decreases with increasing H0. The thin target could be used to produce a large proportion of the middle mass BAD from RHA (including BAD from the EFP and BAD from the RHA and EFP). (2) When the impact velocity of the EFP varies from 1650m/s to 1860m/s and the thickness of the RHA is 40mm, p1g of the RHA is less than 50%, p1g of the EFP is more than 70%, and p1g of the RHA and EFP is more than 50%.
Bayesian model selection for metal yield models in high-velocity impact
Authors: Portone Teresa , Niederhaus John , Sanchez Jason , Swiler Laura 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There are multiple candidate models for the von Mises yield stress in elastoplastic models that are used to simulate material deformation in high-velocity impact. Previous work has studied the effects of such models on quantities of interest in high-strain-rate deformation, in order to select the most appropriate model in comparison to experimental data [1-2]. This work focuses on selecting between three such models, based on their ability to reproduce time-varying depth of penetration data of a tungsten-alloy rod impacting a hardened steel plate at high velocity, measured by Anderson, Hohler et al. [3]. Novel in the present study is the systematic treatment of uncertainty in the process, and automation of the process. The three models considered are the Johnson-Cook (JC), Zerilli-Armstrong (ZA), and Steinberg-Guinan-Lund (SGL) flow stress models [4-6].
Electrically-Launched mm-sized Hypervelocity Projectiles
Authors: Uhlig W. Casey , Berning Paul R. , Bartkowski Peter T. , Coppinger Matthew J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A series of experiments and simulations were performed as proof of concept that an electrically powered research gun could propel small cylindrical projectiles to hypervelocities. Although small-caliber electrothermal accelerators and other electromagnetic launch systems have been utilized for some years for laboratory hypervelocity impact and other studies [1-5], we developed a simple, reproducible device that allows impact studies and direct comparison to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations for design considerations, efficiency improvements, and validation studies. This work focusses on 4.8 mm cylindrical 7075-T6 aluminum projectiles with a length to diameter ratio of one (nominally a mass of 0.24 grams) and a 150-mm long, 25-mm outer-diameter 4043 steel barrel with a 4.8-mm diameter bore and 9.5-mm chamber that acts as the electrical cathode. The anode consists of a 6.3-mm diameter copper rod that is reduced to 2.9 mm then tapered to a point with the tip length over diameter ratio (L/D) varying from 2 to 5. The tip is placed at the chamber/bore junction. The copper anode is insulated by a polyethylene sleeve and epoxy surrounding the electrode such that the arc initiates only at the very tip. A 191 μF capacitor was used as the power source for all experiments. The applied voltage was varied from 10 kV to 20 kV, and the resulting inductance of the system varied from approximately 320 nH to 450 nH (due to varying separation in the copper transmission lines). Fits to the current pulse using an LRC circuit resulted in resistance on the order of 10 mΩ to 15 mΩ. Typically the portion of the electrical pulse responsible for the bulk of the acceleration of the projectile occurs within the first 15 μs; however, the projectile is accelerated during the entirety of the time it remains in the barrel, which is on the order of 40 μs to 50 μs.