bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occlusive versus neurotoxic agents for topical treatment of head lice infestation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Flores‐Genuino Rowena Natividad S. , Gnilo Charissa Mia S. , Dofitas Belen L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTopical occlusive agents, such as petroleum jelly and silicone oils, kill head lice by coating and blocking its excretory system and are unlikely to induce treatment resistance. Although a popular alternative to neurotoxic pediculicides, their efficacy and safety remain unclear.MethodsWe searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, HERDIN (from inception to October 31, 2017), and other relevant sources for randomized controlled trials that compared topical occlusive agents with neurotoxic pediculicides to treat patients with head lice infestation. Using Cochrane collaboration methods, we selected studies, assessed risk of bias, and pooled similar studies. We assessed certainty of evidence using GRADEPro.ResultsSeventeen trials (N = 2005) testing occlusive agents met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was moderate across trials, mainly from lack of blinding of participants and personnel. As a class, occlusive agents may be more pediculicidal than neurotoxic agents (final cure rate, RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02, 1.41; 16 RCTs, N = 1779; I2 = 88%; low certainty of evidence). Post hoc subgroup analysis suggests that this benefit may be limited to synthetic combination occlusive products. Adverse effects, such as skin and eye irritation, are similar between groups (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.36, 1.17; 15 RCTs, N = 1790; I2 = 28%; low certainty of evidence).ConclusionsIn treating head louse infestation, evidence suggests occlusive agents may be superior to or equally efficacious as neurotoxic pediculicides. Adverse effects are few and minor. Future trials should use appropriate comparators and consider effects of confounders such as neurotoxin resistance. Additionally, optimal occlusive formulation and dosing regimen need to be determined.
Long non‐coding RNA EPB41L4A‐AS2 suppresses progression of ovarian cancer by sequestering microRNA‐103a to upregulate transcription factor RUNX1T1
Authors: Sun Tao , Yang Peng , Gao Yunbin 
Published: October 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the specific mechanism by which EPB41L4A‐AS2 exerts a regulatory role in ovarian cancer?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Overexpressed EPB41L4A‐AS2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer by upregulating RUNX1T1 through downregulation of miR‐103a. This study provides new insight into the role of EPB41L4A‐AS2 in ovarian cancer.

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. Emerging evidence has shown that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators that can be used for prognosis, diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancers. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate the possible regulatory role of the lncRNA EPB41L4A‐AS2 in the progression of OC. Initially, EPB41L4A‐AS2 expression was determined in OC tissues and matched paracancerous tissues. Then the RNA crosstalk among EPB41L4A‐AS2, miR‐103a and RUNX1T1 was determined. Subsequently, the expression of EPB41L4A‐AS2, miR‐103a and RUNX1T1 was up‐ or downregulated by exogenous transfection in SK‐OV‐3 cells to investigate their roles in the proliferation, migration, colony formation and invasion of OC cells. Further, the tumour formation ability of nude mice was tested in vivo. EPB41L4A‐AS2 was poorly expressed in OC tissues and cells, and microarray data revealed upregulation of miR‐103a and downregulation of RUNX1T1 in OC. RUNX1T1 was a target gene of miR‐103a and EPB41L4A‐AS2 bound to miR‐103a. Moreover, EPB41L4A‐AS2 increased RUNX1T1 expression by decreasing miR‐103a expression. EPB41L4A‐AS2‐overexpressing SK‐OV‐3 cells exhibited inhibited proliferation, migration, colony formation and invasion, which was rescued by overexpression of miR‐103a or silencing of RUNX1T1. Besides, overexpressed EPB41L4A‐AS2 repressed tumour formation in vivo. Altogether, the current study demonstrates that overexpressed EPB41L4A‐AS2 can potentially bind to miR‐103a to promote the expression of RUNX1T1, thereby inhibiting OC, highlighting the potential of EPB41L4A‐AS2 as a target for OC.
Social media use and adolescent sleep patterns: cross-sectional findings from the UK millennium cohort study
Authors: Scott Holly , Biello Stephany M , Woods Heather Cleland 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThis study examines associations between social media use and multiple sleep parameters in a large representative adolescent sample, controlling for a wide range of covariates.DesignThe authors used cross-sectional data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a large nationally representative UK birth cohort study.ParticipantsData from 11 872 adolescents (aged 13–15 years) were used in analyses.MethodsSix self-reported sleep parameters captured sleep timing and quality: sleep onset and wake times (on school days and free days), sleep onset latency (time taken to fall asleep) and trouble falling back asleep after nighttime awakening. Binomial logistic regressions investigated associations between daily social media use and each sleep parameter, controlling for a range of relevant covariates.ResultsAverage social media use was 1 to <3 hours per day (31.6%, n=3720). 33.7% were classed as low users (<1 hour; n=3986); 13.9% were high users (3 to <5 hours; n=1602) and 20.8% were very high users (5+ hours; n=2203). Girls reported spending more time on social media than boys. Overall, heavier social media use was associated with poorer sleep patterns, controlling for covariates. For example, very high social media users were more likely than comparable average users to report late sleep onset (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.50) and wake times (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.93) on school days and trouble falling back asleep after nighttime awakening (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.66).ConclusionsThis study provides a normative profile of UK adolescent social media use and sleep. Results indicate statistically and practically significant associations between social media use and sleep patterns, particularly late sleep onset. Sleep education and interventions can focus on supporting young people to balance online interactions with an appropriate sleep schedule that allows sufficient sleep on school nights.
Changes in antioxidant enzymes in postmortem muscle and effects on meat quality from three duck breeds during cold storage
Authors: Zheng Nenzhu , Zhang Linli , Xin Qingwu , Miao Zhongwei , Zhu Zhiming , Li Li , Huang Yifan 
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate changes to antioxidant systems in the postmortem muscle of three duck breeds and to analyze their relationship with meat quality. Pekin ducks, Muscovy ducks, and Mulard ducks were euthanized at the age of 70 d. The antioxidant enzyme activities and related gene expressions as well as meat quality in muscle tissues were examined. The breed of the duck had a significant effect on the antioxidant capacity of muscle tissues (P < 0.05), with the exceptions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 96 h as well as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at 120 h. The SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx/GSH-Px), and T-AOC activities from highest to lowest were Muscovy duck > Mulard duck > Pekin duck, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration followed the opposite pattern. During cold storage (0–120 h), a decrease in the GPx, SOD, and T-AOC activities was noted, although MDA concentration increased gradually. The GPx1 and Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression levels in Muscovy duck muscle tissues were significantly higher than those in other breeds at both 0 and 24 h. Correlation analysis showed that higher antioxidant enzyme activity in duck muscle tissues was associated with higher water-holding capacity (WHC) and more stable meat color. Higher antioxidant enzyme activity in duck meat similarly resulted in higher pH values, higher WHC, and more stable meat color. These data indicate that antioxidant enzymes may inhibit lipid oxidation and participate in the regulation of meat quality.
Effects of dietary supplement sources on the rate and extent of in vitro ruminal degradation of alfalfa-based diets for cattle
Authors: Trotta Ronald J. , Swanson Kendall C. 
Published: October 2019

Two ruminally cannulated steers [928 ± 25.5 kg body weight (BW)] were fed alfalfa hay at 2.0% of BW and served as donors of rumen fluid. Treatments were early-bud alfalfa (CON) or a combination [dry matter (DM) basis] of 80% early-bud alfalfa with 20% of corn silage (CS), brome grass hay (BGH), soybean hulls (SBH), beet pulp (BP), corn grain (CORN), dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS), or wheat middlings (MIDD). Tubes were incubated at multiple time points over a 72 h period and assessed for rate and extent of digestion. Samples were run in duplicate and replicated over 3 d. The potential extent of DM and organic matter (OM) degradation increased (P < 0.001) with CS, SBH, BP, CORN, and DDGS supplementation compared with CON. All supplements except MIDD decreased (P < 0.001) the fractional rates of DM and OM degradation compared with CON, with BGH, SBH, and DDGS having the lowest rates. Supplementation of SBH had the lowest (P < 0.001) initial rate of DM and OM degradation. These data indicate that SBH increases the extent of digestion while reducing the initial rate of degradation, suggesting that SBH has potential to reduce the incidence of frothy legume bloat.
Glutamate receptor subtypes differentially contribute to optogenetically activated swimming in spinally transected zebrafish larvae
Authors: Wahlstrom-Helgren Sarah , Montgomery Jacob E. , Vanpelt Kayce T. , Biltz Samantha L. , Peck Jack H. , Masino Mark A. 
Published: October 2019

The spinal cord (SC) contains neural networks that are capable of producing organized locomotor activity autonomously from the brain. Locomotor activity can be induced in spinally transected (spinalized) animals by adding a source of tonic excitation to activate spinal networks. This is commonly accomplished by activating N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors through bath application of NMDA. More recently, optogenetic approaches have enabled both activation and inactivation of neuronal cell populations to control the activity of locomotor networks. Larval zebrafish are exceptionally amenable to optogenetic techniques due to their transparency, which permits noninvasive light delivery. In this study, we induced locomotor activity in spinalized transgenic zebrafish larvae that expressed channelrhodopsin-2 in all subtypes of spinal vesicular glutamate transporter 2a ( vglut2a)-expressing neurons by applying 10 s of constant blue light to the preparations. The resultant locomotor activity possessed all of the characteristics of swimming: bilateral alternation, rostrocaudal progression, and organization into discrete swimming episodes. Spatially restricted light application revealed that illumination of the rostral SC produced more robust activity than illumination of the caudal SC. Moreover, illumination of only three body segments was sufficient to produce fictive swimming. Intriguingly, organized swimming activity persisted during NMDA receptor antagonism but was disrupted by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonism. Hence, AMPA receptor signaling is required for episodically-organized swimming, whereas NMDA receptor signaling is not necessary.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spinal locomotor networks have the intrinsic capacity to transform unpatterned excitatory input into patterned output. Conventionally, spinally mediated fictive locomotor activity is experimentally elicited by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) application to bias the network toward activation. We present a novel experimental paradigm that permits spatially and temporally controllable activation of spinal vesicular glutamate transporter 2a-expressing neurons in larval zebrafish, eliciting patterned locomotor activity that is not dependent on NMDA receptor signaling.
A Gene Expression–based Model to Predict Metabolic Response After Two Courses of ABVD in Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Luminari Stefano , Donati Benedetta , Casali Massimiliano , Valli Riccardo , Santi Raffaella , Puccini Benedetta , Kovalchuk Sofya , Ruffini Alessia , Fama Angelo , Berti Valentina , Fragliasso Valentina , Zanelli Magda , Vergoni Federica , Versari Annibale , Rigacci Luigi , Merli Francesco , Ciarrocchi Alessia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Early response to ABVD, assessed with interim FDG-PET (iPET), is prognostic for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and supports the use of response adapted therapy. The aim of this study was to identify a gene-expression profile on diagnostic biopsy to predict iPET positivity (iPET+).

Experimental Design:
Consecutive untreated patients with stage I–IV cHL who underwent iPET after two cycles of ABVD were identified. Expression of 770 immune-related genes was analyzed by digital expression profiling (NanoString Technology). iPET was centrally reviewed according to the five-point Deauville scale (DS 1-5). An iPET+ predictive model was derived by multivariate regression analysis and assessed in a validation set identified using the same inclusion criteria.

Results:
A training set of 121 and a validation set of 117 patients were identified, with 23 iPET+ cases in each group. Sixty-three (52.1%), 19 (15.7%), and 39 (32.2%) patients had stage I–II, III, and IV, respectively. Diagnostic biopsy of iPET+ cHLs showed transcriptional profile distinct from iPET−. Thirteen genes were stringently associated with iPET+. This signature comprises two functionally stromal-related nodes. Lymphocytes/monocytes ratio (LMR) was also associated to iPET+. In the training cohort a 5-gene/LMR integrated score predicted iPET+ [AUC, 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80–0.96]. The score achieved a 100% sensitivity to identify DS5 cases. Model performance was confirmed in the validation set (AUC, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52–0.84). Finally, iPET score was higher in patients with event versus those without.

Conclusions:
In cHL, iPET is associated with a genetic signature and can be predicted by applying an integrated gene-based model on the diagnostic biopsy.
ГРОМАДСЬКЕ ЗДОРОВ’Я ТА ПОВЕДІНКОВА ЕКОНОМІКА
Authors: Smiyanov V. A. , Kurganskaya V. O. , Smiyanova O. I. , Dryga N. O. 
Published: October 2019

Мета: висвітити основні принципи поведінкової економіки, зокрема, заохочувальні фактори, важливість інформації, її контекст та подачу, соціальні фактори, що зумовлюють певну поведінку в людей, а також результати впровадження їх у практичну медицину.
Матеріали і методи. Структура аналізу дослідження включала: опис первинної інформації, становлення факторів та закономірностей, узагальнення отриманих результатів у висновках дослідження та розробку перспектив подальших досліджень на основі висновків.
Результати. Поведінкова економіка доводить, що люди не є повністю раціональними та передбачуваними в своїй поведінці, зокрема у питаннях здоров’я, як це передбачається стандартною економічною теорією. Більшість людей у суспільстві є «поведінковою», – може страждати від упереджень, які ускладнюють досягнення тієї чи іншої поведінки, якій би бажано було віддати перевагу. Незалежно від того, чи є людина раціональною, чи схильною до поведінкових упереджень, існують певні фактори, що впливають на прийняття нею оптимального рішення та призводять до свідомого недотримання виконання певних медичних рекомендацій, відмови від вакцинації, порушення режиму харчування тощо. Відповідно, це потребує додаткового втручання на свідомість людей, які не завжди здатні комплексно оцінити майбутні переваги, переборюючи теперішній дискомфорт. Виявлення та розуміння цих факторів може дозволити успішно впливати на поведінку людей та на їх рішення в питаннях здоров’я.
Висновки. З метою досягнення позитивних результатів у галузі громадського здоров’я необхідно вивчати, враховувати та застосовувати принципи, що ґрунтуються на поведінкових реакціях. Впровадження принципів поведінкової економіки в медичну галузь допоможе заохочувати пацієнтів вести здоровий спосіб життя з систематичним дотриманням медичних рекомендацій.
Physical Activity and Subsequent Risk of Hospitalization With Peripheral Artery Disease and Critical Limb Ischemia in the ARIC Study
Authors: Lu Yifei , Ballew Shoshana H. , Kwak Lucia , Selvin Elizabeth , Kalbaugh Corey A. , Schrack Jennifer A. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Szklo Moyses 
Published: October 2019

Background
Whether physical activity is a determinant of peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains unclear. We therefore assessed the association of physical activity (amount and intensity) with subsequent risk of hospitalization with PAD and its severe form, critical limb ischemia, in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study.

Methods and Results
We included 12 513 participants free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (1987–1989), with a mean age of 53.9 years, 55.3% women, and 25.0% black. Physical activity was assessed using a modified Baecke questionnaire and categorized into poor (no moderate [3 to <6 metabolic equivalents] or vigorous [≥6 metabolic equivalents] exercise), intermediate (1–74 min/wk vigorous or 1–149 min/wk moderate plus vigorous exercise), and recommended (≥75 min/wk vigorous or ≥150 min/wk moderate plus vigorous exercise). We also modeled moderate and vigorous exercise individually. All analyses applied Cox regression models. Intermediate and recommended exercise were seen in 24.7% and 38.1%, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 25.4 years, 434 incident hospitalizations with PAD (166 critical limb ischemia) were documented. Recommended versus poor activity was associated with a lower demographically adjusted PAD risk (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54–0.85) but attenuated after accounting for lifestyle factors (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.66–1.05). When analyzing moderate and vigorous exercise separately, vigorous exercise was robustly related to lower risk of hospitalization with PAD, and critical limb ischemia in particular (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.97 per 200 metabolic equivalents*min/wk increment in the most extended model).

Conclusions
Higher amount and intensity of physical activity were related to lower risks of hospitalization with PAD and critical limb ischemia, further highlighting the importance of engaging in physical activity for vascular health.
Can We Win the War on Science? Understanding the Link between Political Populism and Anti-Science Politics
Authors: Szabados Krisztián 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The rise of populism coincides with a new wave of anti-intellectualism, articulated in the “War on Science.” This paper argues that there is no empirical evidence that the global surge of populism is accompanied by a general anti-science trend. However, there are similarities between the dissemination of scientific falsehoods in mass media and social media and the ways populist politicians use media to their end. First, this paper analyzes the history and the underlying sociological, psychological and cultural causes of the anti-science dispositions. Then, through the case studies of the U.S., Russia, Turkey and Hungary, the attitudes populist leaders exhibit towards science is discussed. Finally, the paper synthesizes the applicable scholarly literature from various disciplines to create an adequate framework for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary communication strategy for the pro-science camp.
Mapping Antiglobalist Populism
Authors: Steger Manfred B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article argues that the current explosion of right-wing national-populism is intricately connected to shifting perceptions of globalization in the world. I contend that a return to the once dominant but now frequently criticized ideational approach to the study of populism as ideology or discourse can provide insightful, if incomplete, explanations of the current populist moment. After a brief opening overview of some influential conceptual perspectives on populism, the article offers an appraisal of some major criticisms leveled against the ideological paradigm by advocates of competing approaches. I argue that the widespread portrayal of populism as a “thin-centered” ideology does not capture the ideational constellation of what I call antiglobalist populism. The currently dominant strain is reflected most prominently in “Trumpism” and similar European manifestations. To make my case, I apply the qualitative method of morphological discourse analysis (MDA) to key 2016 campaign speeches delivered by then presidential candidate Donald J. Trump and to related public remarks presented by British national-populist leader Nigel Farage on American soil. The research findings presented in this article suggest that globalization-related concepts have moved to the core and adjacent symbolic environment of antiglobalist populism. Thus, the general assumption of a “thin” conceptual core of national-populism no longer holds because its morphology has been significantly enriched. Bringing ideology back into populism studies serves the much-needed rehabilitation of a valuable perspective that has been written off too prematurely by many populism scholars.
A question-entailment approach to question answering
Authors: Ben Abacha Asma , Demner-Fushman Dina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOne of the challenges in large-scale information retrieval (IR) is developing fine-grained and domain-specific methods to answer natural language questions. Despite the availability of numerous sources and datasets for answer retrieval, Question Answering (QA) remains a challenging problem due to the difficulty of the question understanding and answer extraction tasks. One of the promising tracks investigated in QA is mapping new questions to formerly answered questions that are “similar”.ResultsWe propose a novel QA approach based on Recognizing Question Entailment (RQE) and we describe the QA system and resources that we built and evaluated on real medical questions. First, we compare logistic regression and deep learning methods for RQE using different kinds of datasets including textual inference, question similarity, and entailment in both the open and clinical domains. Second, we combine IR models with the best RQE method to select entailed questions and rank the retrieved answers. To study the end-to-end QA approach, we built the MedQuAD collection of 47,457 question-answer pairs from trusted medical sources which we introduce and share in the scope of this paper. Following the evaluation process used in TREC 2017 LiveQA, we find that our approach exceeds the best results of the medical task with a 29.8% increase over the best official score.ConclusionsThe evaluation results support the relevance of question entailment for QA and highlight the effectiveness of combining IR and RQE for future QA efforts. Our findings also show that relying on a restricted set of reliable answer sources can bring a substantial improvement in medical QA.