bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Transformations of Biochar Based Co-Composting - A Review
Authors: Pandiyan Balaganesh , Mangottiri Vasudevan , Narayanan Natarajan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract::
Biochar-Amended Composting (BAC) plays an integral role in sustainable agricultural
practices due to its multiple benefits in crop production, soil nutrient retention, carbon sequestration
and environmental protection. Although accepted as a traditional method, there is a lack of
understanding in defining its suitability and efficiency in terms of various base-materials and conditions.
Being two carbon-based entities with plentiful nutrients and surface activity, biochar and
compost find application in agricultural fields together or separately for improving the soil properties
and crop productivity. Recent studies focus on defining the optimum conditions for their preparation,
mixing, application and monitoring under various feed, soil, crop and climatic conditions.
However, due to the complexity and specificity of the system, many influencing aspects of their
interaction are yet unknown in detail. In this review, we analyze the recent advancements in the
selection and preparation of new materials for BAC, and explain the mechanisms of Organic Matter
(OM) degradation/sequestration occurring in soil based on possible chemical/morphological
transformations of organic carbon. Most of the performance results are in agreement with the previous
records, but a few contradictions have been observed under diverse experimental conditions.
In general, BAC enhanced the mineralization of carbon and sequestration of heavy metals, and
stabilized labile fraction of OM due to the development of carbonyl, phenolic and aromatic functional
groups on its surface. In addition, aging of biochar resulted in stable N-C=O and amino
groups for the adsorption of nitrogen compounds thus decreasing the potential greenhouse gas
emissions. The study further identifies potential future research gaps in this area.
First Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Fields in Northern Lebanon
Authors: Obeid Rami , Wehbe Elias , Rima Mohamad , Kabara Mohammad , Al Bersaoui Romeo , Sabatier Jean Marc , Fajloun Ziad , Gereige Dalya 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most known virus in the plant mosaic
virus family and is able to infect a wide range of crops, in particular, tobacco, causing a production
loss.

Objectives:
Herein, and for the first time in Lebanon, we investigated the presence of TMV infection
in crops by analyzing 88 samples of tobacco, tomato, cucumber and pepper collected from different
regions in North Lebanon.

Methods:
Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), revealed
a potential TMV infection of four tobacco samples out of 88 crop samples collected. However,
no tomato, cucumber and pepper samples were infected. The TMV+ tobacco samples were then
extensively analyzed by RT-PCR to detect viral RNA using different primers covering all the viral
genome.

Results and Discussion:
PCR results confirmed those of DAS-ELISA showing TMV infection of
four tobacco samples collected from three crop fields of North Lebanon. In only one of four TMV+
samples, we were able to amplify almost all the regions of viral genome, suggesting possible mutations
in the virus genome or an infection with a new, not yet identified, TMV strain.

Conclusion:
Our study is the first in Lebanon revealing TMV infection in crop fields, and highlighting the danger that may
affect the future of agriculture.
SeDeM Expert System, an Innovative Tool for Developing Directly Compressible Tablets: A Review
Authors: Singh Inderbir , Thakur Ajay Kumar , Bala Rajni , Madan Reecha 
Published: September 2020

Background:
SeDeM (Sediment Delivery Model) expert system is a preformulation tool
employed for evaluating direct compression suitability of various excipients. SeDeM is a 12 parameters
derived diagram and SeDeM-ODT (Sediment Delivery Model-Orodispersible tablets) is a 15
parameters derived diagram that can be used as a research tool for reducing the product development
time. The best possible excipients for a specified pharmaceutical active ingredient could be
screened for direct compression suitability.

Objective:
SeDeM expert system has been successfully used and implemented for characterizing
galenic properties of pharmaceutical excipients, direct compression suitability of excipients, development
of ODT formulations, development of sustained-release formulations, and development of
tablets of taste-masked drugs.

Conclusion:
In the present review paper, the development and applications of SeDeM and SeDeMODT
systems have been discussed in detail.
Distributed Time-Dependent Key Management Scheme for Internet of
Things
Authors: Tamizhselvan C. , Vijayalakshmi V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) faces a variety of challenges and issues in administering security due to its heterogeneous nature and open communication medium. The fundamental security
requirement of authentication is expected to secure the communication between the devices from
anonymous access. In this article, we present a distributed time-dependent key management (DTKM)
technique for securing the communication sessions of the IoT devices. This key management technique considers the communication time and interval of the devices independently to generate session keys for authentication. Key management is preceded by the consideration of request authentication and resource utilization. Based on the communication time session, the validity of the keys is
determined and is updated with the current random number consideration for authentication. This
helps to prevent unnecessary exploitation of storage and also reduces computation time.
Behavior of Callers to a Crisis Helpline Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quantitative Data Analysis
Authors: Turkington Robin , Mulvenna Maurice , Bond Raymond , Ennis Edel , Potts Courtney , Moore Ciaran , Hamra Louise , Morrissey Jacqui , Isaksen Mette , Scowcroft Elizabeth , O'Neill Siobhan 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 to be an international pandemic in March 2020. While numbers of new confirmed cases of the disease and death tolls are rising at an alarming rate on a daily basis, there is concern that the pandemic and the measures taken to counteract it could cause an increase in distress among the public. Hence, there could be an increase in need for emotional support within the population, which is complicated further by the reduction of existing face-to-face mental health services as a result of measures taken to limit the spread of the virus.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had any influence on the calls made to Samaritans Ireland, a national crisis helpline within the Republic of Ireland.MethodsThis study presents an analysis of calls made to Samaritans Ireland in a four-week period before the first confirmed case of COVID-19 (calls=41,648, callers=3752) and calls made to the service within a four-week period after a restrictive lockdown was imposed by the government of the Republic of Ireland (calls=46,043, callers=3147). Statistical analysis was conducted to explore any differences between the duration of calls in the two periods at a global level and at an hourly level. We performed k-means clustering to determine the types of callers who used the helpline based on their helpline call usage behavior and to assess the impact of the pandemic on the caller type usage patterns.ResultsThe analysis revealed that calls were of a longer duration in the postlockdown period in comparison with the pre–COVID-19 period. There were changes in the behavior of individuals in the cluster types defined by caller behavior, where some caller types tended to make longer calls to the service in the postlockdown period. There were also changes in caller behavior patterns with regard to the time of day of the call; variations were observed in the duration of calls at particular times of day, where average call durations increased in the early hours of the morning.ConclusionsThe results of this study highlight the impact of COVID-19 on a national crisis helpline service. Statistical differences were observed in caller behavior between the prelockdown and active lockdown periods. The findings suggest that service users relied on crisis helpline services more during the lockdown period due to an increased sense of isolation, worsening of underlying mental illness due to the pandemic, and reduction or overall removal of access to other support resources. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.
Farmers’ Practices in Using Insecticides to Control Spodoptera exigua Infesting Shallot Allium cepa var. aggregatum in the Shallot Production Centers of Java
Authors: Aldini Gracia Melsiana , Trisyono Y. Andi , Wijonarko Arman , Witjaksono Witjaksono , De Putter Herman 
Published: September 2020

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major insect pest of shallot in Java. This research was aimed to determine how insecticides were used as the common farmers practice for controlling S. exigua. The research was conducted in three shallot production centers in Java: the Districts of Brebes (Central Java Province), Nganjuk (East Java Province), and Bantul (the Special Region of Yogyakarta). Surveys were conducted by interviewing thirty shallot farmers as respondents from each district. The selected thirty farmers were taken from four sub-districts. Almost all farmers (93.3%) in the three districts had similar perception that S. exigua was the major insect pest in shallot and 84.4% farmers stated that this insect was difficult to control. The four most common insecticides active ingredients used were chlorfenapyr, methomyl, chlorpyrifos, and emamectin benzoate. Insecticides remained the first choice and they were applied throughout the shallot season mostly based on the calendar (1-3 days interval). When using insecticides farmers tend to exceed the label recommended rates, and the farmers mostly mixed different insecticides into one spray solution. These results suggest that application of insecticides to control S. exigua was already exessive. The potential risks and efforts essential to minimize the risks are discussed.
Knowledge level of nursing home employees on urinary incontinence
Authors: YENAL Sinan , PAKDEMİRLİ Ahu , YENAL Kerziban 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is a common public health problem that increases in frequency with aging. The role of nursing home staff is important in the correct management of this problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge about urinary incontinence among healthcare personnel and care workers at nursing homes.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with workers caring for the elderly and healthcare personnel working at nursing homes affiliated with the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Services at the city center of İzmir. The Turkish version of the Incontinence Quiz, for which a Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Kara et al., was used as the data collection tool in this study. Data for the study were collected from nursing homes between January and February 2020.Results: The study was conducted on 205 employees (care workers and healthcare personnel). The mean score of nursing home employees from the Turkish Incontinence Quiz was 6.55 ± 2.57. Comparison of the knowledge scores of participants based on their occupation showed that workers caring for the elderly had a lower score than healthcare personnel group (p&lt;0.001). According to the educational status and number of years worked, university graduates (p&lt;0.001) and those who had worked for ≥ 16 years (p=0.032) had significantly higher scores. Conclusion: This study showed that nursing home employees had moderate level of knowledge about urinary incontinence. Moreover, education and experience were associated with a higher level of knowledge.
Sitagliptin Treatment at the Time of Hospitalization Was Associated With Reduced Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19: A Multicenter, Case-Control, Retrospective, Observational Study
Authors: Solerte Sebastiano Bruno , D’Addio Francesca , Trevisan Roberto , Lovati Elisabetta , Rossi Antonio , Pastore Ida , Dell’Acqua Marco , Ippolito Elio , Scaranna Cristiana , Bellante Rosalia , Galliani Silvia , Dodesini Alessandro Roberto , Lepore Giuseppe , Geni Francesca , Fiorina Roberta Maria , Catena Emanuele , Corsico Angelo , Colombo Riccardo , Mirani Marco , De Riva Carlo , Oleandri Salvatore Endrio , Abdi Reza , Bonventre Joseph V. , Rusconi Stefano , Folli Franco , Di Sabatino Antonio , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Galli Massimo , Fiorina Paolo 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVEPoor outcomes have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); thus, it is mandatory to explore novel therapeutic approaches for this population.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn a multicenter, case-control, retrospective, observational study, sitagliptin, an oral and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, was added to standard of care (e.g., insulin administration) at the time of hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized with COVID-19. Every center also recruited at a 1:1 ratio untreated control subjects matched for age and sex. All patients had pneumonia and exhibited oxygen saturation &lt;95% when breathing ambient air or when receiving oxygen support. The primary end points were discharge from the hospital/death and improvement of clinical outcomes, defined as an increase in at least two points on a seven-category modified ordinal scale. Data were collected retrospectively from patients receiving sitagliptin from 1 March through 30 April 2020.RESULTSOf the 338 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 admitted in Northern Italy hospitals included in this study, 169 were on sitagliptin, while 169 were on standard of care. Treatment with sitagliptin at the time of hospitalization was associated with reduced mortality (18% vs. 37% of deceased patients; hazard ratio 0.44 [95% CI 0.29–0.66]; P = 0.0001), with an improvement in clinical outcomes (60% vs. 38% of improved patients; P = 0.0001) and with a greater number of hospital discharges (120 vs. 89 of discharged patients; P = 0.0008) compared with patients receiving standard of care, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIn this multicenter, case-control, retrospective, observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the hospital for COVID-19, sitagliptin treatment at the time of hospitalization was associated with reduced mortality and improved clinical outcomes as compared with standard-of-care treatment. The effects of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 should be confirmed in an ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa Melalui Penerapan Metode Everyone Is A Teacher Here
Authors: Fitriah Putri Imarotul , Yulianto Bambang , Asmarani Ratih 
Published: September 2020

Dalam pembelajaran disekolah para guru harus berinovasi dalam hal mengajar dan bisa menjadikan peserta didik lebih terampil ketika berbicara dikelas, dalam hal menyampaikan pendapat, berdiskusi dan presentasi didepan kelas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengwtahui hasil peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi melalui penerapan metode Everyone Is A Teacher Here kelas III di SD Negeri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjeknya yaitu siswa kelas III SD Negeri. Objeknya yaitu keterampilan komunikasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II, antara lain: (1) Hasil penelitian aktivitas guru siklus I adalah 80% dengan kategori berhasil, sedangkan siklus II adalah mencapai 94,5% dengan kategori sangat berhasil; (2) Hasil penelitian aktivitas siswa siklus I adalah 86,5% dengan kategori sangat berhasil, sedangkan siklus II adalah mencapai 90% dengan kategori sangat berhasil; (3) hasil pembelajaran peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi siklus I adalah 50% berada dikriteria tuntas, sedangkan siklus II adalah 83,33% berada dikriteria tuntas karena sudah melebihi nilai ketuntasan klasikal yakni ≥ 80%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode Everyone Is A Teacher Here (ETH) dapat meningkatkan kualitas keterampilan komunikasi siswa kelas III di SD Negeri.
Urgensi Penyelenggaraan Kursus Pra Nikah Dan Relevansinya Dengan Esensi Perkawinan (Perspektif Maqasid aSy-Syari'ah)
Authors: Zulfahmi Zulfahmi 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya program kursus pra nikah yang dicanangkan oleh Direktur Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam (Dirjen Bimas) dengan tujuan menciptakan keluarga sakinah dengan cara memberikan bekal pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam hidup berumah tangga. Program kursus ini menjadi sangat penting dan vital bagi pasangan calon pengantin. Sebab, menjaga keutuhan rumah tangga merupakan esensi yang dengannya pula akan terwujud lahirnya keturunan bermutu serta kemaslahatan rumah tangga itu sendiri. Dalam kaitannya dengan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa kursus pra nikah memiliki urgensi karena mengandung nilai-nilai kebaikan (maṣlahaḥ) dan kursus pra nikah merupakan al-maqāṣid at-tābi’ah (tujuan pengikut) bagi sebuah pernikahan yang memperkuat dan mendukung terwujudnya hifẓ an-nasl sebagai al-maqāṣid al-aṣliyyah (tujuan asal). Di samping itu, kurikulum kursus pra nikah memiliki relevansi dengan aspek pendidikan, aspek agama dan ibadah, aspek ekonomi, aspek sosiologis, aspek psikologis dan aspek biologis, serta penyelenggaraan kursus pra nikah juga memiliki relevansi dengan ḥifẓ an-nasl dan ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ.Kata Kunci. urgensi, relevansi, esensi, maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah
Menguak Nilai-Nilai Kedamaian Dalam Musyawarah (Telaah Terhadap Kisah Politik Ratu Balqis Didalam Tafsir Al-Munir Wahbah Al-Zuhaili)
Authors: Fadhil Rizki Ahmad , Johan Sudirman M. , Nur Afrizal 
Published: September 2020

The Phenomena that occur at this time are very detrimental to society, namely conflicts and wars that occur at every point in the world since ancient times until now it will never end and will continue until the future because there is no solution in it, but in the Al-Quran, Allah SWT told a story about the politic of Balqis in the letter Al-Naml verses 32-35, namely a queen who was able to solve the war problems that would be faced with good and wise when getting a letter from the Prophet Sulaiman as containing invitation to believe in Allah SWT or will be fought if refused it, she was not in a hurry in making decision. First, she held a deliberation with her dignitaries to get the best suggestions and opinions, Second, think carefully even though she had a large amount, complete weapons and trained troops, but she also thought about the risks that would be faced after the war, Third, taking lessons from previous historical experience if the kings have fought and won, they would ruin the place and hold people to be their slaves. Fourth, from the deliberation, she considered sending a gift to the Prophet Sulaiman to change his decision, Fifth, after careful consideration, the queen of balqis decided to make peace because if she made a wrong decision the people of Sabaq would become victims of the war, from the story above, it can be concluded that the deliberation is a solution for the people to achieve the best consideration, mutual agreement and bring peace to each community and country.
Rain–Induced Flood Prediction for Niger Delta Sub-Region of Nigeria Using Neural Networks
Authors: Kabari Ledisi Giok , Mazi Young Claudius 
Published: September 2020

Climate change generates so many direct and indirect effects on the environment. Some of those effects have serious consequences. Rain-induced flooding is one of the direct effects of climate change and its impact on the environment is usually devastating and worrisome. Floods are one of the most commonly occurring disasters and have caused significant damage to life, including agriculture and economy. They are usually caused in areas where there is excessive downpour and poor drainage systems. The study uses Feedforward Multilayer Neural Network to perform short-term prediction of the amount of rainfall flood for the Niger Delta sub region of Nigeria given previous rainfall data for a specified period of time. The data for training and testing of the Neural Network was sourced from Weather Underground official web site https://www.wunderground.com. An iterative Methodology was used and implemented in MATLAB. We adopted multi-layer Feedforward Neural Networks. The study accurately predicts the rain-induced flood for the Niger Delta sub region of Nigeria.
Repair Methods in Parastomal Hernia Surgery
Authors: Tosun Salih , Yener Oktay , Leblebici Ihsan Metin , Ekinci Özgür 
Published: September 2020

Background-Aim: Parastomal hernias (PSH) are incisional hernias that must be classified separately from the other abdominal wall hernias. The high recurrence rate of PSH is the most important problem after suture repair or relocation of the stoma; whereas open or laparoscopic mesh repair results in much lower recurrence rates. The aim of this study is to investigate PSH predisposing factors, surgical repair methods, postoperative complications and recurrence in surgery practice.
Methods: Patient demographics, operation time before the first surgery, operation method, and the recurrence rate seen in patients who underwent PSH surgery in a 10-year time/ period (2008-2018) were investigated from the patient records. Except for emergency cases, 2 years of disease-free time was set for PSH surgery in malignant cases to be sure that no malignancy was present in the time of operation.
Results: 14 PSHs were treated surgically using mesh repair in all cases. There were 6 male and 8 female patients with a mean age of 71.7 years (range:45-84;median:78). Open sublay polypropylene mesh placement technique was performed in 12 patients and intraperitoneal composite mesh (using either keyhole or Sugarbaker techniques) was placed laparoscopically in 2 patients. Superficial wound infections were developed in 4 patients (28.5 %) and 2 patients developed recurrence (14.2%).
Conclusion: There is no effective method defined for the surgery of PSH but the laparoscopic approach has been proposed as a promising alternative to open technique as it causes less abdominal wall trauma. Whether performed open or laparoscopic; mesh repair is the optimal standard for PSH surgery.
Pengaruh Servant Leadership Style Dan Komunikasi Interpesonal Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan PT. Ampalu Indah Lestari Kota Padang
Authors: Putra Ari Andika , Fitria Yuki 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan menganalisis pengaruh servant leadership style dan komunikasi interpersonal terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan PT Ampalu Indah Lestari di Kota Padang. Pada penelitian ini digunakan sebanyak 97 orang karyawan yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk membuktikan kebenaran hipotesis adalah regresi berganda dan pengujian t-statistik. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis yang telah dilakukan ditemukan bahwa servant leadership style dan komunikasi interpersonal secara individual atau pun simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan PT Ampalu Indah Lestari Padang. Kata Kunci: Job Motivation, Servant Leadership Style, Interpersonal Communication