bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and Solubility of the FeAlO3 Component in Bridgmanite at Uppermost Lower Mantle Conditions
Authors: Liu Zhaodong , McCammon Catherine , Wang Biao , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Ishii Takayuki , Bondar Dmitry , Nakajima Ayano , Tange Yoshinori , Higo Yuji , Cui Tian , Liu Bingbing , Katsura Tomoo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report the stability and solubility of the FeAlO3 component in bridgmanite based on phase relations in the system MgSiO3‐FeAlO3 at 27 GPa and 2000 K using a multi‐anvil apparatus combined with in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements. The results demonstrate that the FeAlO3 component dominates Fe3+ and Al3+ substitution in bridgmanite, although trace amounts of oxygen‐ and Mg‐site vacancy components are also present. Bridgmanite with more than 40 mol% FeAlO3 transforms into the LiNbO3‐type phase upon decompression. The FeAlO3 end‐member decomposes into corundum and hematite and does not form single‐phase bridgmanite. We determined the maximum solubility of the FeAlO3 component in bridgmanite at 27 GPa and 2000 K to be 67 mol%, which is significantly higher than previously reported values (25–36 mol%). We determined the partial molar volume (27.9 mol/cm3) and bulk modulus (197 GPa) of hypothetical FeAlO3 bridgmanite, which are significantly higher and lower than those of AlAlO3 and FeSiO3 bridgmanite, respectively. The non‐ideality of MgSiO3‐FeAlO3 solid solution (W = 13 kJ/mol, where W is the interaction parameter) is significantly larger than that for MgSiO3‐AlAlO3 (5 kJ/mol) and MgSiO3‐FeSiO3 (3 kJ/mol) solid solutions. The rapid decrease in abundance of the MgAlO2.5 component in bridgmanite with increasing pressure is enhanced by the presence of the FeAlO3 component. The FeAlO3 content in pyrolite and mid‐ocean ridge basalt is far below its solubility limit in bridgmanite and provides new insight into the mineralogy of the lower mantle.
Mapping and Understanding Patterns of Air Quality Using Satellite Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Stirnberg Roland , Cermak Jan , Fuchs Julia , Andersen Hendrik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quantification of factors leading to harmfully high levels of particulate matter (PM) remains challenging. This study presents a novel approach using a statistical model that is trained to predict hourly concentrations of particles smaller than 10
m (PM10) by combining satellite‐borne aerosol optical depth (AOD) with meteorological and land‐use parameters. The model is shown to accurately predict PM10 (overall R
= 0.77, RMSE = 7.44
g/m
) for measurement sites in Germany. The capability of satellite observations to map and monitor surface air pollution is assessed by investigating the relationship between AOD and PM10 in the same modeling setup. Sensitivity analyses show that important drivers of modeled PM10 include multiday mean wind flow, boundary layer height (BLH), day of year (DOY), and temperature. Different mechanisms associated with elevated PM10 concentrations are identified in winter and summer. In winter, mean predictions of PM10 concentrations >35
g/m
occur when BLH is below
500 m. Paired with multiday easterly wind flow, mean model predictions surpass 40
g/m
of PM10. In summer, PM10 concentrations seemingly are less driven by meteorology, but by emission or chemical particle formation processes, which are not included in the model. The relationship between AOD and predicted PM10 concentrations depends to a large extent on ambient meteorological conditions. Results suggest that AOD can be used to assess air quality at ground level in a machine learning approach linking it with meteorological conditions.
Flow Resistance and Energy Dissipation in Supercritical Air‐Water Flows Down Vegetated Chutes
Authors: Scheres B. , Schüttrumpf H. , Felder S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVegetation covers on dikes and embankment dams have proven as sustainable and cost‐effective surface protection against external erosion caused by hydraulic, mechanical, or climatic impacts. Determination of the hydraulic loads that act upon these covers requires the knowledge of the flow resistance. While the high‐velocity flows on vegetated slopes are often aerated, the flow aeration has rarely been considered, and no direct measurements of the air‐water flow properties have been conducted to date. The air‐water flow properties are needed for a direct estimation of important design parameters such as friction factors and residual head at the downstream end. Herein, unique air‐water flow measurements were conducted in high‐velocity air‐water flows down a vegetated chute with a 1:3 slope. Several vegetation covers were tested for a range of flow rates. The experiments revealed strong flow aeration within three‐dimensional, fragmented flows associated with complex interactions of vegetation and high‐velocity flows. The air‐water flow properties were measured with phase‐detection intrusive probes providing novel insights into aerated flows on vegetated chutes including distributions of void fraction, bubble count rate, and interfacial velocity as well as direct estimates of energy dissipation and flow resistance. The results highlighted strong flow aeration and energy dissipation for all vegetated configurations. The median equivalent Darcy‐Weisbach friction factors for all vegetations were within 0.19 to 0.45, comparable to aerated flows on stepped spillways. The present results highlighted the significant flow resistance of vegetated covers and the need to consider air‐water flow properties in the design of vegetated chutes.
Replication and ribosomal stress induced by targeting pyrimidine synthesis and cellular checkpoints suppress p53-deficient tumors
Authors: Hubackova Sona , Davidova Eliska , Boukalova Stepana , Kovarova Jaromira , Bajzikova Martina , Coelho Ana , Terp Mikkel G. , Ditzel Henrik J. , Rohlena Jakub , Neuzil Jiri 
Published: February 2020

Abstractp53-mutated tumors often exhibit increased resistance to standard chemotherapy and enhanced metastatic potential. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, effectively decreases proliferation of cancer cells via induction of replication and ribosomal stress in a p53- and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, a block in replication and ribosomal biogenesis result in p53 activation paralleled by accumulation of replication forks that activate the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase/Chk1 pathway, both of which lead to cell cycle arrest. Since in the absence of functional p53 the cell cycle arrest fully depends on Chk1, combined DHODH/Chk1 inhibition in p53-dysfunctional cancer cells induces aberrant cell cycle re-entry and erroneous mitosis, resulting in massive cell death. Combined DHODH/Chk1 inhibition effectively suppresses p53-mutated tumors and their metastasis, and therefore presents a promising therapeutic strategy for p53-mutated cancers.
Selective growth of α-form zinc phthalocyanine nanowire crystals via the flow rate control of physical vapor transport
Authors: Yoon Youngkwan , Kim Soyoung , Cheul Choi Hee 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
α-Form zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), a kinetically favorable form of ZnPc, is an efficient photosensitizer for photodynamic cancer therapy, especially when it is formed into nanowires (NWs), which have high water dispersibility. To take full advantage of this material, it is necessary to selectively grow kinetically favorable α-form ZnPc NWs over thermodynamically favorable β-form ZnPc NWs. The present study reports the selective growth of kinetically favorable α-form ZnPc NW crystals by a physical vapor transport method with flow rate control of the carrier gas. The flow rate is key for the dominant growth of α-form ZnPc NWs, thus enabling control of the crystal size, which critically affects the stability of ZnPc crystals. The yield of α-form ZnPc NWs was over 98% at a flow rate of 2000 sccm of Ar carrier gas. This approach could be applied for various Pc molecules, including copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). Our findings might contribute to the development of novel strategies for the selective growth of high-quality kinetically favorable crystals with a specific structure and provide great opportunities for their various practical applications.
Rain and small earthquakes maintain a slow-moving landslide in a persistent critical state
Authors: Bontemps Noélie , Lacroix Pascal , Larose Eric , Jara Jorge , Taipe Edu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn tectonically active mountain belts, landslides contribute significantly to erosion. Statistical analysis of regional inventories of earthquake-triggered-landslides after large earthquakes (Mw > 5.5) reveal a complex interaction between seismic shaking, landslide material, and rainfall. However, the contributions of each component have never been quantified due to a lack of in-situ data for active landslides. We exploited a 3-year geodetic and seismic dataset for a slow-moving landslide in Peru affected by local earthquakes and seasonal rainfalls. Here we show that in combination, they cause greater landslide motion than either force alone. We also show the rigidity of the landslide’s bulk clearly decreasing during Ml ≥ 5 earthquakes. The recovery is affected by rainfall and small earthquakes (Ml < 3.6), which prevent the soil from healing, highlighting the importance of the timing between forcings. These new quantitative insights into the mechanics of landslides open new perspectives for the study of the mass balance of earthquakes.
Determining sequencing depth in a single-cell RNA-seq experiment
Authors: Zhang Martin Jinye , Ntranos Vasilis , Tse David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn underlying question for virtually all single-cell RNA sequencing experiments is how to allocate the limited sequencing budget: deep sequencing of a few cells or shallow sequencing of many cells? Here we present a mathematical framework which reveals that, for estimating many important gene properties, the optimal allocation is to sequence at a depth of around one read per cell per gene. Interestingly, the corresponding optimal estimator is not the widely-used plug-in estimator, but one developed via empirical Bayes.
APOBEC3B-mediated corruption of the tumor cell immunopeptidome induces heteroclitic neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Driscoll Christopher B. , Schuelke Matthew R. , Kottke Timothy , Thompson Jill M. , Wongthida Phonphimon , Tonne Jason M. , Huff Amanda L. , Miller Amber , Shim Kevin G. , Molan Amy , Wetmore Cynthia , Selby Peter , Samson Adel , Harrington Kevin , Pandha Hardev , Melcher Alan , Pulido Jose S. , Harris Reuben , Evgin Laura , Vile Richard G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAPOBEC3B, an anti-viral cytidine deaminase which induces DNA mutations, has been implicated as a mediator of cancer evolution and therapeutic resistance. Mutational plasticity also drives generation of neoepitopes, which prime anti-tumor T cells. Here, we show that overexpression of APOBEC3B in tumors increases resistance to chemotherapy, but simultaneously heightens sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade in a murine model of melanoma. However, in the vaccine setting, APOBEC3B-mediated mutations reproducibly generate heteroclitic neoepitopes in vaccine cells which activate de novo T cell responses. These cross react against parental, unmodified tumors and lead to a high rate of cures in both subcutaneous and intra-cranial tumor models. Heteroclitic Epitope Activated Therapy (HEAT) dispenses with the need to identify patient specific neoepitopes and tumor reactive T cells ex vivo. Thus, actively driving a high mutational load in tumor cell vaccines increases their immunogenicity to drive anti-tumor therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade.
MetAP-like Ebp1 occupies the human ribosomal tunnel exit and recruits flexible rRNA expansion segments
Authors: Wild Klemens , Aleksić Milan , Lapouge Karine , Juaire Keven D. , Flemming Dirk , Pfeffer Stefan , Sinning Irmgard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman Ebp1 is a member of the proliferation-associated 2G4 (PA2G4) family and plays an important role in cancer regulation. Ebp1 shares the methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) fold and binds to mature 80S ribosomes for translational control. Here, we present a cryo-EM single particle analysis reconstruction of Ebp1 bound to non-translating human 80S ribosomes at a resolution range from 3.3 to ~8 Å. Ebp1 blocks the tunnel exit with major interactions to the general uL23/uL29 docking site for nascent chain-associated factors complemented by eukaryote-specific eL19 and rRNA helix H59. H59 is defined as dynamic adaptor undergoing significant remodeling upon Ebp1 binding. Ebp1 recruits rRNA expansion segment ES27L to the tunnel exit via specific interactions with rRNA consensus sequences. The Ebp1-ribosome complex serves as a template for MetAP binding and provides insights into the structural principles for spatial coordination of co-translational events and molecular triage at the ribosomal tunnel exit.
Proteomic profiling and identification of significant markers from high-grade osteosarcoma after cryotherapy and irradiation
Authors: Madda Rashmi , Chen Chao-Ming , Wang Jir-You , Chen Cheng-Fong , Chao Kuang-Yu , Yang Yu-Min , Wu Hsin-Yi , Chen Wei-Ming , Wu Po-Kuei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiological reconstruction of allografts and recycled autografts have been widely implemented in high-grade osteogenic sarcoma. For treating tumor-bearing autografts, extracorporeal irradiation (ECIR) and liquid nitrogen (LN) freezing techniques are being used worldwide as a gold standard treatment procedure. Both the methods aim to eradicate the tumor cells from the local recurrence and restore the limb function. Therefore, it is essential and crucial to find, and compare the alterations at molecular and physiological levels of the treated and untreated OGS recycled autografts to obtain valuable clinical information for better clinical practice. Thus, we aimed to investigate the significantly expressed altered proteins from ECIR-and cryotherapy/freezing- treated OGS (n = 12) were compared to untreated OGS (n = 12) samples using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and the selected proteins from this protein panel were verified using immunoblot analysis. From our comparative proteomic analysis identified a total of 131 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from OGS. Among these, 91 proteins were up-regulated (2.5 to 3.5-folds), and 40 proteins were down-regulated (0.2 to 0.5 folds) (p < 0.01 and 0.05). The functional enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEPs have belonged to more than 10 different protein categories include cytoskeletal, extracellular matrix, immune, enzyme modulators, and cell signaling molecules. Among these, we have confirmed two potential candidates’ expressions levels such as Fibronectin and Protein S100 A4 using western blot analysis. Our proteomic study revealed that LN-freezing and ECIR treatments are effectively eradicating tumor cells, and reducing the higher expressions of DEPs at molecular levels which may help in restoring the limb functions of OGS autografts effectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proteomic study that compared proteomic profiles among freezing, ECIR treated with untreated OGS in recycled autografts. Moreover, the verified proteins could be used as prognostic or diagnostic markers that reveal valuable scientific information which may open various therapeutic avenues in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.
Fluopack screening platform for unbiased cellular phenotype profiling
Authors: Kang Zhao B. , Moutsatsos Ioannis , Moretti Francesca , Bergman Phil , Zhang Xian , Nyfeler Beat , Antczak Christophe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGene and compound functions are often interrogated by perturbation. However, we have limited methods to capture associated phenotypes in an unbiased and holistic manner. Here, we describe Fluopack screening as a novel platform enabling the profiling of subcellular phenotypes associated with perturbation. Our approach leverages imaging of a panel of fluorescent chemical probes to survey cellular processes in an unbiased and high throughput fashion. Segmentation-free, whole image analysis applied to Fluopack images identifies probes revealing distinct phenotypes upon perturbation, thereby informing on the function and mechanism of action of perturbagens. This chemical biology approach allows to interrogate phenotypes that tend to be overlooked by other methods, such as lipid trafficking and ion concentration inside the cell. Fluopack screening is a powerful approach to study orphan protein function, as exemplified by the characterization of TMEM41B as novel regulator of lipid mobilization.
Epidemiology and Predictors of all-cause 30-Day readmission in patients with sickle cell crisis
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Chaudhary Neha , Achebe Maureen M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe 30-day readmission rate after hospitalization for a sickle cell crisis (SCC) is extremely high. Accurate information on readmission diagnoses, total readmission costs and factors associated with readmission is required to effectively plan resource allocation and to plan interventions to reduce readmission rates. The present study aimed to examine readmission diagnoses and factors associated with all-cause 30-day readmission after hospitalization for SCC. We analyzed 2016 nationwide readmission database (NRD) to identify patterns of 30-day readmission by patient demographic characteristics and time after hospitalization for SCC. We estimated the percentage and most common readmission diagnoses for 30-day and 7-day readmissions after discharge. We studied the relationship between risk factors and readmission and the impact of readmission on patient outcomes and resulting financial burden on health care in dollars. In 2016, of 67,887 discharges after index hospitalizations, 18099 (26.9%) were readmitted within 30-days. Of all readmissions, 5166 (7.6%) were readmitted within 7 days. The spectrum of readmission diagnoses was largely similar in both 30-day and 7-day readmission with more than 80% patients in both time periods readmitted with diagnoses related to SCC. The mean length of stay for readmitted patients was significantly longer than the index hospitalization (5.3 days (5.1–5.5) vs 4.9 days (CI 4.8–5.1, p < 0.01). Also, the mean cost of hospitalization in readmitted patients $8485 was significantly higher than the index hospitalization $8064 p < 0.01. In 2016, readmission among patients with SCC incurred an additional 95,445 hospitalization days resulting a total charge of $609 million and a total cost of $152 million in the US. On Multivariate analysis, age group 18–30 years, discharge against medical advice, higher Charlson comorbidity index, low socioeconomic status and admission at high volume centers were associated with a higher likelihood of 30-day readmission. Among patients hospitalized for SCC, 30-day readmissions were frequent throughout the month post hospitalization and resulted in an enormous financial burden on the United States healthcare system.
Predictors of Failed Conscious Sedation in Patients Undergoing an Outpatient Colonoscopy and Implications for the Adenoma Detection Rate
Authors: Cassell Benjamin E. , Ross Kristina , Chang Tae Y. , Austin Gregory L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGuidelines to triage patients to conscious sedation (CS) or monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) for colonoscopy do not exist. We aimed to identify the CS failure rate, predictors of failure, and its impact on the adenoma detection rate (ADR). Strict (based on patient experience) and expanded (based on doses of sedative medications) definitions of CS failure were used. Patient and procedure-related variables were extracted. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors for CS failure and the ADR. Among 766 patients, 29 (3.8%) and 175 (22.8%) patients failed CS by strict and expanded definitions, respectively. Female gender (OR 3.50; 95% CI: 1.37–8.94) and fellow involvement (OR 4.15; 95% CI: 1.79–9.58) were associated with failed CS by the strict definition. Younger age (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07–1.49), outpatient opiate use (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.03–2.84), use of an adjunct medication (OR 3.34; 95% CI: 1.94–5.73), and fellow involvement (OR 2.20; 95% CI: 1.31–3.71) were associated with failed CS by the expanded definition. Patients meeting strict failure criteria had a lower ADR (OR 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77). Several clinical factors may be useful for triaging to MAC. The ADR is lower in patients meeting strict criteria for failed CS.
Application and Evaluation of Highly Automated Software for Comprehensive Stent Analysis in Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lu Hong , Lee Juhwan , Jakl Martin , Wang Zhao , Cervinka Pavel , Bezerra Hiram G. , Wilson David L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is used to assess stent tissue coverage and malapposition in stent evaluation trials. We developed the OCT Image Visualization and Analysis Toolkit for Stent (OCTivat-Stent), for highly automated analysis of IVOCT pullbacks. Algorithms automatically detected the guidewire, lumen boundary, and stent struts; determined the presence of tissue coverage for each strut; and estimated the stent contour for comparison of stent and lumen area. Strut-level tissue thickness, tissue coverage area, and malapposition area were automatically quantified. The software was used to analyze 292 stent pullbacks. The concordance-correlation-coefficients of automatically measured stent and lumen areas and independent manual measurements were 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. Eleven percent of struts were missed by the software and some artifacts were miscalled as struts giving 1% false-positive strut detection. Eighty-two percent of uncovered struts and 99% of covered struts were labeled correctly, as compared to manual analysis. Using the highly automated software, analysis was harmonized, leading to a reduction of inter-observer variability by 30%. With software assistance, analysis time for a full stent analysis was reduced to less than 30 minutes. Application of this software to stent evaluation trials should enable faster, more reliable analysis with improved statistical power for comparing designs.