bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’exécutif dualiste dans les régimes politiques des États d’Afrique noire francophone
Authors: Momo Claude F. , Gatsi Éric-Adol T. 
Published: November 2020

Le présent article dédié à l’Exécutif dualiste dans les États d’Afrique noire francophone est une contribution à l’étude des régimes politiques africains. L’intérêt d’un tel sujet se situe d’une part dans l’histoire constitutionnelle de ces États, témoin de la construction et de la déconstruction des régimes politiques, de l’ajustement de leur plastique ; et d’autre part dans la survenance des crises politiques ou sociales de plus ou moins grande envergure qui amènent à questionner les choix du constituant quant à l’exercice du pouvoir politique. Dans une perspective comparative inhérente à l’étude du droit constitutionnel, cet article emprunte une démarche à la fois diachronique et synchronique et propose l’examen des régimes politiques africains tant dans leur évolution historique que dans leur pratique actuelle. À ce titre, les auteurs observent que dès leur accession à la souveraineté, les États de l’Afrique noire francophone ont, pour la plupart opté pour le régime de type parlementaire moniste, avant de changer presque radicalement, fin années 60-début années 70, pour le régime présidentiel qui sera lui-même dévoyé en régime présidentialiste. Aussi, le nouveau constitutionnalisme des Etats africains amorcé au début des années 90, qui avait entre autres objectifs le rééquilibrage des rapports entre les pouvoirs de l’Etat ne réussira cet exercice que modestement, le constat étant par ailleurs loin d’être unanime à l’ensemble des Etats étudiés. Au demeurant, la théorie et la pratique constitutionnelles témoignent d’une double dynamique selon que l’Exécutif est étudié dans ses rapports internes ou dans ses rapports externes : l’Exécutif dualiste est, en Afrique noire francophone, hiérarchisé de l’intérieur et dominant de l’extérieur. Le caractère hiérarchisé de l’intérieur s’évalue à l’aune des relations des deux composantes de l’Exécutif que sont le président de la République et le Gouvernement, lesquelles relations présentent – malgré un développement progressif de contre-pouvoirs – une figure présidentielle dominatrice et un chef de Gouvernement considéré comme simple primus inter pares. Quant au caractère dominant de l’extérieur, il découle de l’analyse des relations de l’Exécutif avec les autres pouvoirs qui révèlent une balance qui penche en faveur de celui-là et laissent conclure à une incontestable primauté de l’Exécutif dans et pour l’Etat.
Immunostimulatory role of rBmHSP60 from filarial parasite Brugia malayi
Authors: Kushwaha Vikas , Kaur Sukhbir 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the immunostimulatory potential of cross-reactive molecule heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) of filarial parasite Brugia malayi and Leishmania donovani.

Methods:
HSP60 of Brugia malayi (BmHSP60) was amplified using gene-specific primer, cloned in pTriEx4 vector, expressed in BL21-DE3 cells, and recombinant HSP60 (rHSP60) of ~65 kDa was purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA column. The recombinant protein was desalted by the dialysis membrane, and the presence of endotoxin level was determined by Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. The recombinant protein was tested for cell proliferation, nitric oxide release, expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and transcription factors (STATs) in vitro using murine macrophage cell line (J774A.1).

Results:
Higher cell proliferation indicated that BmHSP60 had immunostimulatory potential. rBmHSP60 exposure upregulated the expression of iNOS, STAT1, STAT4, Th1 cytokines (IFN–γ, TNF–α, IL-12), and nitric oxide release. In addition, no remarkable change was observed in the expression of IL-6, IL-10, and STAT3 in macrophage cell line J774A.1. The ELISA analysis showed the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 were upregulated while IL-10 level was downregulated, revealing that BmHSP60 triggered a Th1 immune response.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that rBmHSP60 has immunogenic properties which effectively enhances the Th1 type immune responses, and can be used as an immunoprophylactic agent against leishmaniasis. Furthermore, in vivo studies are in progress to determine the protective role of rBmHSP60 against Leishmania donovani infection in a mouse model.
Almond protects the liver in coronary artery disease – a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Humaira Jamshed  , Jamshed Arslan  , Fatehali Tipoo Sultan  , Hasan Salman Siddiqi  , Muhammad Qasim  , Anwar-ul-Hassan Gilani  , Admin  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To compare the effect of Pakistani and American almonds on serum concentration of liver enzymes in coronary artery disease patients.
Methods: The randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Cardiology Clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from February to July, 2012, and comprised patients who were randomised into intervention PA and AA groups and the control NI groups. Subjects in the intervention groups were provided Pakistani and American varieties of almonds 10g/day respectively with instructions to soak them overnight, remove the skin and eat them before breakfast for 12 weeks. The control group underwent no intervention. Serum concentrations of aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were analysed and compared.
Results: Of the 150 subjects, 110(73.3%) completed the study. Of them, there were 38(34.5%) in PA group, 41(37.3%) in AA, and 31(28.2%) in the NI group. Dietary almonds significantly reduced serum concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the two intervention groups compared to the controls group (p<0.05) at 12-week follow-up.
Conclusion: A low dose of almonds was found to be an effective strategy to protect the liver.
Key Words: Low dose, Soaked almonds, Transaminases, Transpeptidase, SGOT/SGPT.
An investigation into students’ attitudes towards the value of poetry and their knowledge of poetry analysis
Authors: Turner Ellen 
Published: November 2020

Though poetry analysis is a central component of literary studies in higher education, research frequently reports that attitudes of both students and teachers to its incorporation in syllabi are mixed (Weaven & Clark, 2014). Previous research suggests a complex relationship between attitudes to and knowledge of poetry with some studies indicating that negative attitudes might be the result of a lack of competency in analysing such texts (Benton, 1999; Fleming, 1992), and others suggesting the greater the knowledge, the less favourable the attitude (Liao & Roy, 2017; Snapper, 2013). This small-scale quantitative study examines connections between knowledge and attitude in a sample of first-semester Swedish students of English, and investigates potential differences between pre-service teachers, and regular students.
Risk Management in the Middle of a Sustainable Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fpumo Wazimbo , Moriera Baloi 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to find out the impact that occurred during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study discusses on franchise companies) and the performance or strategy of the franchise company in reducing the risk of bankrupt at the time of Covid-19 and the solution management companies during the pandemic. Those strategy prioritizing delivery orders and take away services at company outlets, marketing products on the roadside, hold promos - discount promos and creating a new variant on the menu.
Testing and Evaluation Towards Teaching and Testing
Authors: Muzaza Sebastian , Tembo Gift 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the paper is to evaluated and tested the teaching and testing. A large number of examinations in the past have encouraged a tendency to separate testing from teaching. Both testing and teaching are so closely interrelated that it is virtually impossible to work in either field without being constantly concerned with the other. Tests may be constructed primarily as devices to reinforce learning and to motivate the student or primarily as a means of accessing the student’s performance in the language.
Effects of Feeding Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) with or without Enzymes on Carcass Characteristics of Indigenous Chicken
Authors: Saikia Ashim Kumar , Bhuyan Robin , Saikia Bibeka Nanda , Mahanta Jog Dev , Borah Subhalakshi , Islam Rafiqul 
Published: November 2020

Aims: The present investigation aimed at assessing the effects of feeding graded levels of DDGS with or without enzymes on the carcass characteristics of indigenous chicken.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati-22, Assam for a period of 182 d (13 fortnights) between January 2018 and June 2018.
Methodology: A total of 180 21 d old indigenous chicks were divided into six groups: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 each with 30 chicks. The birds of T1, T3 and T5 were fed a basal diet containing 0, 10 and 20 per cent DDGS while the birds in T2, T4 and T6 were fed the same basal diet as that of T1, T3 and T5, respectively, but were additionally supplemented with a commercial exogenous multi-enzyme preparation. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 182 d (13 fortnights) excluding a metabolic trial for a period of 8 days. At the end of the experiment, four birds from each treatment group were randomly selected, slaughtered and processed and different carcass traits viz. live weight, dressing percentage, relative weights of breast, thigh, drumsticks, liver, heart, gizzard, giblets, head and shank in relation to pre-slaughtered live weights were recorded. The chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation of meat samples from different treatment groups were also conducted.
Results: The percent dressing and eviscerated yields of experimental birds under different treatment groups were ranged from 66.81±0.37 to 67.68±0.41 and 71.74±0.54 to 73.35±0.34, respectively. No significant (P ≥ .05) differences were observed in respect of relative weights of various carcass traits in relation to the live body weights, the chemical compositions of breast meat comprising of moisture, crude protein, ether extract and total ash and the mean scores for organoleptic evaluation comprising of colour, tenderness, flavor, juiciness and overall acceptance of the breast meat of experimental birds from different treatment groups.
Conclusion: It is concluded that DDGS can be incorporated at 20% level in the rations of indigenous chicken for the economic gain without any adverse effect on dressing percentage as well as various carcass traits and organoleptic qualities.
Study of INR Profile in Patients on Vitamin K Antagonists in Tanta University Hospital Egypt
Authors: Ibshehy Dina M. AL- , Abouomar Mahmoud A. , Draz Enas E. , Masry Magdy M. EL- 
Published: November 2020

Background: Oral vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease. Optimal use of these agents in clinical practice is challenged by their narrow therapeutic window. We aimed to Study the international normalized ratio values in patients on vitamin K antagonists to find out which patient characteristics that are associated with good INR control.
Methods: From June 2019 till May 2020 we studied 502 patients receiving vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as an oral anticoagulant treatment for thromboembolic prevention for at least more than 1 month. The cases were classified into two groups according to time to therapeutic range (TTR); group I included 289 patients with TTR < 65 and group II that included 213 patients with TTR ≥ 65. We included patients with atrial fibrillation, prosthetic valve replacement or deep venous thrombosis.
Results: In univariate regression analysis, increasing age, male gender, lower level of education, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease and higher CHADS-VASC were revealed as risk factors for poor response (time to therapeutic range (TTR) < 65). With multivariate logistic regression analysis, lower level of education, HTN, smoking, CKD and higher CHADS-VASC were revealed as independent risk factors for poor response (TTR < 65).
Conclusion: This study indicated that, poor education, hypertension, smoking, chronic kidney disease, and high CHADS VSAC score were independent predictors of poor time to therapeutic range (TTC) control.
Influence of Inter and Intra Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Jimma Horro District, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Chala Birhanu , Abera Tolera , Nandeshwar Bhupesh 
Published: November 2020

Improved agronomic practices increases yield potential of chickpea in different agroecology of the country. In this view a field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of inter-and intra row spacing on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Jimma Horro district of Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Oromia, Ethiopia. The treatment consisted of three inter-row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) and four intra-row spacing (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The highest (52) number of pods plant-1 was obtained with the interaction effect of 40 cm inter and 20 cm intra row spacing. The highest dry biomass (8457 kg ha-1) was recorded at 20 cm × 5 cm spacing while the lowest dry biomass (5413 kg ha-1) was recorded at 40 cm × 20 cm spacing combination. Significantly higher (248 g) 1000 grain weight was recorded under 40 cm with 20 cm spacing and lowest (165 g) 1000 grain weight under 30 cm x 5 cm row spacing. The highest (1625 kg ha-1) seed yield of chickpea was obtained from 30 cm x 15 cm and the lowest seed yield (1096 kg ha-1) was recorded from 20 cm x 5 cm row spacing. The highest harvest index (34.03%) was achieved for the interaction of 40 cm inter- and 20cm intra-row spacing and the lowest harvest index (12.14%) under 20 cm x 5 cm row spacing. Thus 30 cm inter-row with 15 cm intra-row spacing can tentatively be recommended for the production of chickpea in the study area as compared to the current recommendation of 30 x 10 cm. Further research would be needed at more locations and seasons to give conclusive recommendations.
Understanding the Role of Alumina (Al2O3), Pentalithium Aluminate (Li5AlO4), and Pentasodium Aluminate (Na5AlO4) Coatings on the Li and Mn‐Rich NCM Cathode Material 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67Li(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)O2 for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Maiti Sandipan , Sclar Hadar , Sharma Rosy , Vishkin Noam , Fayena‐Greenstein Miryam , Grinblat Judith , Talianker Michael , Burstein Larisa , Solomatin Nickolay , Tiurin Ortal , Ein‐Eli Yair , Noked Malachi , Markovsky Boris , Aurbach Doron 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe active role of alumina, pentalithium aluminate (Li5AlO4, Li‐aluminate), and pentasodium aluminate (Na5AlO4, Na‐aluminate) as the surface protection coatings produced via atomic layer deposition on Li and Mn‐rich NCM cathode materials 0.33Li2MnO3·0.67LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 is discussed. A notable improvement in the electrochemical behavior of the coated cathodes has been found while tested in Li‐coin cells at 30 °C. Though all the coated cathodes demonstrate enhanced electrochemical cycling and rate performances, Na‐aluminate coated cathodes exhibit exemplary behavior. Prolonged cycling and rate capability testing demonstrate that after more than 400 cycles at 1 C rate, the uncoated cathode delivers only 63 mAh g−1, while those with alumina, Li‐aluminate, and Na‐aluminate coatings exhibit approximately two times higher specific capacities. The coated cathodes display steady average discharge potential and lower evolution of the voltage hysteresis during prolonged cycling compared to the uncoated cathode. Importantly, Na‐aluminate coated cathode shows a lowering in gases (O2, CO2, H2, etc.) evolution. Post‐cycling analysis of the electrodes demonstrates higher morphological integrity of the coated cathode materials and lower transition metals dissolution from them. The coatings mitigate undesirable side reactions between the electrodes and the electrolyte solution in the cells.
Solution‐Processed All‐Ceramic Plasmonic Metamaterials for Efficient Solar–Thermal Conversion over 100–727 °C
Authors: Li Yang , Lin Chongjia , Wu Zuoxu , Chen Zhongying , Chi Cheng , Cao Feng , Mei Deqing , Yan He , Tso Chi Yan , Chao Christopher Y. H. , Huang Baoling 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLow‐cost and large‐area solar–thermal absorbers with superior spectral selectivity and excellent thermal stability are vital for efficient and large‐scale solar–thermal conversion applications, such as space heating, desalination, ice mitigation, photothermal catalysis, and concentrating solar power. Few state‐of‐the‐art selective absorbers are qualified for both low‐ (<200 °C) and high‐temperature (>600 °C) applications due to insufficient spectral selectivity or thermal stability over a wide temperature range. Here, a high‐performance plasmonic metamaterial selective absorber is developed by facile solution‐based processes via assembling an ultrathin (≈120 nm) titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticle film on a TiN mirror. Enabled by the synergetic in‐plane plasmon and out‐of‐plane Fabry–Pérot resonances, the all‐ceramic plasmonic metamaterial simultaneously achieves high, full‐spectrum solar absorption (95%), low mid‐IR emission (3% at 100 °C), and excellent stability over a temperature range of 100–727 °C, even outperforming most vacuum‐deposited absorbers at their specific operating temperatures. The competitive performance of the solution‐processed absorber is accompanied by a significant cost reduction compared with vacuum‐deposited absorbers. All these merits render it a cost‐effective, universal solution to offering high efficiency (89–93%) for both low‐ and high‐temperature solar–thermal applications.
Ultraflexible Integrated Organic Electronics for Ultrasensitive Photodetection
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Yu Kilho , Wang Haoyang , Rich Steven , Yokota Tomoyuki , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlexible organic photodetectors can form seamless contact with human skin, enabling continuous health monitoring. However, developing flexible photodetectors with high detectivity remains challenging because of the high theoretical dark current of photodetectors using a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure. Herein, a simple approach is reported that integrates a field‐effect transistor (FET) and an organic photodiode (OPD) module on the same substrate to achieve an ultralow dark current density (3.0 × 10−8 mA cm−2), ultrahigh detectivity (1.7 × 1015 Jones), and excellent flexibility. In the integrated sensor, the light‐sensing process occurs in the OPD module, whose signal is used to control the gate of the FET where the current output process occurs, enabling to utilize the light‐sensing properties of the OPD's BHJ structure while bypassing its high dark current. The ultraflexible integrated sensor amplifies the photoplethysmogram signal intensity from the OPD module by a factor of ≈10, thereby confirming its potential as an indoor wearable biosensor.
A Thermostat‐Consistent Fully Coupled Molecular Dynamics—Generalized Fluctuating Hydrodynamics Model
Authors: Liu Xinjian , Korotkin Ivan , Rao Zhonghao , Karabasov Sergey 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe previously developed multiscale method for concurrently coupling atomistic and continuum hydrodynamic representations of the same chemical substance is extended to consistently incorporate the Langevin‐type thermostat equations in the model. This allows not only to preserve the mass and momentum conservation laws based on the two‐phase flow analogy modeling framework but also to capture the correct local fluctuations and temperature in the pure atomistic region of the hybrid model. Numerical results for the test problem of equilibrium isothermal fluctuations of SPC/E water are presented. Advantages of using local thermostat equations adjusted for the multiresolution model for accurately capturing of the local water density in the atomistic part of the hybrid simulation domain are discussed. Comparisons with the reference pure all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations in GROMACS show that the suggested hybrid models are by a factor of 5–20 faster depending on the simulation domain size.
Nitrogen fertilization for hay and seed from endophyte‐free and endophyte‐infected tall fescue
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W. , Farney Jaymelynn K. , Moyer Joseph L. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] is an important forage, but a fungal endophyte often found in the aboveground biomass can negatively affect animal production. Nitrogen also affects production, but data are limited regarding N fertilization effects on hay and seed yields from endophyte‐free (EF) compared with endophyte‐infected (EI) tall fescue grown on claypan soil in the eastern Great Plains. This study's objective was to determine the effects of N fertilizer timing and rate on EF and EI tall fescue yield of R4 (anthesis) hay, seed, and hay residual after seed harvest (stubble hay, SH). Endophyte infection did not affect R4 hay, seed, or SH yields and did not interact with N timing, N rate, or year for any measured parameters. Across the 3‐yr study, N fertilizer applied in late fall resulted in 18% greater seed production than late winter, with split late fall/late winter applications being intermediate. The effect of N timing on R4 and SH varied by year. Annual fescue seed yield response to N rate varied, but required 112 kg N ha−1 or more to achieve near 300 kg ha−1 in better‐yielding years. Hay measured at R4 or SH responded to N up to at least 168 kg ha−1. Hay N concentration was diluted with initial increments of N fertilizer but increased as yield response diminished with greater N rates. Simple return functions suggest that the N rate to achieve maximum economic return is reduced when N fertilizer costs are high and when seed/hay selling prices are low.