bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenomenology of Online Spaces: Interpreting Late Modern Spatialities
Authors: Berger Viktor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSociological theories of space have so far not provided an in-depth analysis of online spaces. The paper addresses this issue by means of Löw’s relational theory of space. As this theory mainly focuses on material spaces, it is necessary to embrace the phenomenological perspective in order to apply it to the virtual realm. More recent phenomenological research has highlighted the ongoing mediatization or virtualization of the life-world. These theories, and presence research more generally, are useful for examining the layers of virtual presence. This paper focuses on two emblematic types of spaces: multiplayer online role-playing games and Skype video chats. The first represents an online version of a Schutzian finite province of meaning, while Skyping is an example of how the paramount reality of everyday life expands into the virtual realm. Albeit differently, actors in both cases constitute hybrid, virtual-material spaces with various forms and degrees of virtual presence. User experiences in these spaces are in line with contemporary sociological diagnoses indicating the vanishing experience of living in space and the general tendency of late modernity to question previous social forms of modernity.
Effect of hot isostatic pressing on densification, microstructure and nanoindentation behaviour of Mg–SiC nanocomposites
Authors: Hübler Daniela , Ghasemi Alireza , Riedel Ralf , Fleck Claudia , Kamrani Sepideh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe production of fully dense nanocomposites with a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles through powder metallurgy (PM) techniques is challenging. Additionally to mechanical milling, pressing and sintering, a final consolidation process is needed to fully densify the nanocomposite. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a promising alternative method to other hot forming processes to eliminate porosity in these PM parts. In contrast to hot extrusion, for instance, isotropic properties are achieved, and textures, as they are usually observed in Mg after uniaxial deformation, are avoided. Here, we evaluate the effect of HIP on the densification, microstructure and (nano)hardness of Mg–SiC nanocomposites. Even though density increased indeed, we observed no increase in the mechanical properties, due to significant heterogeneity in the microstructure. SiC-free regions with a higher grain size developed. Local nanohardness measurements of the HIPed Mg nanocomposite revealed that these regions had a significantly lower nanohardness than the SiC-containing regions. Under consideration of mechanisms reported to be active in Mg in the pressure and temperature regime we used, we conclude that grain growth is the most likely mechanism leading to the microstructure observed after HIP. This is driven by the thermodynamic pressure to decrease the grain boundary energy and facilitated by a slightly inhomogeneous distribution of SiC nanoparticles in the sintered nanocomposite.
On the relation between the extended supporting hyperplane algorithm and Kelley’s cutting plane algorithm
Authors: Serrano Felipe , Schwarz Robert , Gleixner Ambros 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, Kronqvist et al. (J Global Optim 64(2):249–272, 2016) rediscovered the supporting hyperplane algorithm of Veinott (Oper Res 15(1):147–152, 1967) and demonstrated its computational benefits for solving convex mixed integer nonlinear programs. In this paper we derive the algorithm from a geometric point of view. This enables us to show that the supporting hyperplane algorithm is equivalent to Kelley’s cutting plane algorithm (J Soc Ind Appl Math 8(4):703–712, 1960) applied to a particular reformulation of the problem. As a result, we extend the applicability of the supporting hyperplane algorithm to convex problems represented by a class of general, not necessarily convex nor differentiable, functions.
Evaluation of thermal properties of MMCp composites with silver alloy matrix
Authors: Wieczorek Jakub , Maciąg Tomasz , Kowalczyk Karolina , Migas Damian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSilver, silver alloys, and composites with silver matrix are used mainly as electric contacts, circuit-breakers, and slide bearings. Contacts working conditions require as high as possible thermal and electrical conductivity, wear resistance during electric arc work, low susceptibility to tacking, and chemical stability. Unreinforced silver alloys do not meet those expectations, hence increasing interest in metal matrix composites. Reinforcing with ceramic particles improves tribological wear resistance and minimizes formability of silver alloys. At the same time, introduction of ceramic particles decreases thermal and electrical conductivity. In this paper, manufacturing method of silver-based composites reinforced with particles Al2O3, SiC, and glassy carbon was described. Composites were subjected to differential thermal analysis. Furthermore, thermal diffusivity measurements using laser flash method, as well as measurements of linear thermal expansion coefficient using dilatometric method were performed in order to determine heat conductivity of the prepared composites.
Climbing up ladders and sliding down snakes: an empirical assessment of the effect of social mobility on subjective wellbeing
Authors: Dolan Paul , Lordan Grace 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examine how intergenerational mobility impacts on subjective wellbeing (SWB) drawing on data from the British Cohort Study. Our SWB measures encapsulate both life satisfaction and mental health, and we consider both relative and absolute movements in income. We find that relative income mobility is a significant predictor of life satisfaction and mental health, whether people move upward or downward. For absolute income, mobility is only a consistent predictor of SWB and mental health outcomes if the person moves downwards, and in this case the impact is far larger than relative mobility. For both relative and income mobility, downward movements impact SWB to a greater extent than upward movements, consistent with exhibiting loss aversion. Notably, we find that social class mobility does not affect SWB. We present evidence that the significant relative and absolute mobility effects we find operate partially through financial perceptions and consumption changes which can occur because of income mobility.
Organic barley producers’ desired qualities for crop improvement
Authors: Baker Brian P. , Meints Brigid M. , Hayes Patrick M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBarley fits well into many different organic farming systems. It can be grown as either a winter or spring annual crop in many temperate regions. Barley can be used for food, malting, or animal feed, providing growers with diverse marketing opportunities. Despite its advantages, many organic farmers in the USA have not adopted barley as a regular crop in their rotation. Researchers surveyed organic barley producers to discover what they considered to be the main obstacles to growing barley. The primary obstacles identified were limited markets and price. Breeding and development of high-quality barley suitable for organic systems and specialty markets may be a way to expand markets and secure a better price. Farmers identified yield as the most important agronomic trait of interest, but other traits such as nutritional quality were also highly ranked. Naked (hull-less) barley bred for multi-use quality is a possible alternative that allows organic farmers to sell into multiple markets. Most respondents expressed interest in the development of such varieties suitable for organic farming conditions. The researchers conducted follow-up interviews to obtain detailed information on how barley is used in organic farming systems, production practices, costs of production, and what traits farmers would like to see breeders focus on.
Meta-supervision for Attention Using Counterfactual Estimation
Authors: Choi Seungtaek , Park Haeju , Hwang Seung-won 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeural attention mechanism has been used as a form of explanation for model behavior. Users can either passively consume explanation or actively disagree with explanation and then supervise attention into more proper values (attention supervision). Though attention supervision was shown to be effective in some tasks, we find the existing attention supervision is biased, for which we propose to augment counterfactual observations to debias and contribute to accuracy gains. To this end, we propose a counterfactual method to estimate such missing observations and debias the existing supervisions. We validate the effectiveness of our counterfactual supervision on widely adopted image benchmark datasets: CUFED and PEC.
Coffee extracts effectively inhibit the formation of α-chymotrypsin amyloid-like fibrils in aqueous ethanol in vitro
Authors: Kotormán Márta , Bedő Vanda Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, an in vitro α-chymotrypsin aggregation model was used to demonstrate that certain extracts of commercial coffees effectively inhibit protein aggregation in 55% ethanol at pH 7.0. To detect the anti-amyloidogenic effect of the various coffee extracts, turbidity measurements and Congo red binding assays were performed as well as the determination of the total polyphenol content of the extracts. The greatest fibril formation inhibitory effect was exerted by the Eduscho coffee extract, which contained also the most of the phenolic compounds. The Eduscho coffee extract inhibited the fibrillation of the α-chymotrypsin dose dependently. Coffee extracts are effective anti-aggregation agents, and their beneficial effects strongly correlate with the total phenolic content.
The vascular flora of Pécs and its immediate vicinity (South Hungary) I.: species richness and the distribution of native and alien plants
Authors: Wirth Tamás , Kovács Dániel , Sebe Krisztina , Csiky János 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUrbanization is one of the major causes of species loss and the homogenization of the world's flora. Our coarse-scale floristic mapping project of the largest south Transdanubian city, Pécs, is the first grid-based urban study in Hungary that reveals the current pattern of the vascular flora. Beyond the general description of the project, the species richness, the number of native, archaeophyte, neophyte and legally protected taxa are presented in the scale of the grid units (2.2 km2) and according to the residential area of the city. Relationships between the number and proportion of natives, archaeophytes, neophytes, protected species versus the proportion of built-up areas, forest coverage and elevation are estimated by linear regression models. Among the 1458 spontaneous or subspontaneous vascular plant species of the study area 131 are legally protected. The average number of species per grid unit is 338. Regression models show that the number of aliens decreases with forest coverage and increases with the rate of built-up areas, while number of natives shows opposite trends as a function of the same variables. These opposite trends lead to the conclusion that in the case of the vascular flora of Pécs the “poor get richer” theory is supported. Among the most frequent species hemicryptophytes, widespread, native and zoochorous plants are dominant. The most widespread four invasive taxa are native to North America.
LO80: Perfecting practice for rare procedures: a simulation-based, multi-centre randomized trial
Authors: Petrosoniak A. , Hicks C. , Gray S. , McGowan M. , Sherbino J. , Monteiro S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Mastery learning, which deconstructs a complex task into sequential sub-steps combined with deliberate practice to achieve each step in sequence, represents an important method to enhance simulation-based procedural skills training. However, the evidence to support the effectiveness of this theory to improve learning is lacking. This study compared mastery learning using deliberate practice with self-guided practice on skill performance of a rarely performed, life-saving procedure, a bougie-assisted cricothyroidotomy (BAC). Methods: In this multi-centre, randomized study at five North American emergency medicine (EM) residency training programs, we assigned 166 EM postgraduate trainees to either mastery learning and deliberate practice (ML + DP) or self-guided practice for BAC. Three blinded airway experts independently evaluated BAC skill performance by video review before (pre-test) and after (post-test) each training session. The primary outcome was post-test skill performance using a 5-point global rating score (GRS). A secondary outcome, defined a priori, was performance time to complete the BAC skill (chronometry). Results: There was no significant difference in post-test BAC performance after ML + DP or self-guided practice. Performance scores improved for both groups by 13% from the pre-test to post-test (F (1,138) = 43, p < 0.001). Overall, time to complete the BAC improved significantly from pre-test (87.6 seconds) to posttest (54.1 seconds), (F, 1,149) = 122, p < 0.001). At post-test, the ML + DP group performed the skill 7.4 seconds faster than the self-guided practice group (F (1,150) = 6.77, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Mastery learning coupled with deliberate practice provides systematic and focused feedback during skill acquisition. However, it is resource intensive and its efficacy is not fully defined. In this study, MP + DP did not result in improved global performance; it did result in faster performance times, a relevant finding for time-sensitive procedures. These results are important for educators who seek to optimize technical skills training in a competency-based model of medical education. Our findings suggest that time-sensitive procedures might benefit from ML + DP teaching strategies to enhance time to procedural performance.
MP27: Using a massive online needs assessment to guide the evolution of the EM Sim Cases website
Authors: Dinh A. , Baylis J. , Thoma B. , Chaplin T. , Petrosoniak A. , Caners K. , Hall A. , Heyd C. , Chan T. 
Published: May 2020

Innovation Concept: EM Sim Cases is an innovative, open-access website that was created in 2015 to publish medical simulation resources including standardized, peer-reviewed simulation cases. Herein we describe our interim analysis. Methods: We performed a massive online needs assessment using a methodology previously described by Chan et. al. to determine how we can shape EM Sim Cases to meet the needs of learners and educators who use it. We engaged with simulation experts from the Emergency Medicine Simulation Education Research Collaborative to design a Google Forms survey using best practices in survey design. We distributed the survey to our target community of practice via Twitter, email, and a blog post published on emsimcases.com. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: We received 81 responses from simulation educators representing 8 medical specialties and 13 countries. Most survey respondents identified themselves as staff physicians (n = 44) and specialized in emergency medicine (n = 39). They had 0-21+ years of experience. 37% of respondents (n = 30) stated that material from EM Sim Cases makes up 25% or more of their simulation curriculum. Several respondents noted that using this content made them feel more confident and more current. Respondents praised EM Sim Cases for a well-organized case format, the proper level of detail, consistency between case designs, and the wide variety of cases. Suggested improvements included an opportunity to directly comment on cases and more cases in pediatric, rural, and advanced airway management situations. Suggestions were made to improve the navigability of the website. Respondents wanted to see additional blog content on debriefing strategies and self-made task/skill trainers. Conclusion: EM Sim Cases is a novel, free open-access simulation resource. Using a massive online needs assessment we were able to determine future directions including case topics, website reorganization, and educational material. We were also able to capture how impactful a resource like this can be to clinical and educational practice outside of the simulation setting.
MP30: Reducing unnecessary oral contrast in patients undergoing enhanced abdomen/pelvis computed tomography in the emergency department: A multicentre project
Authors: Dowling S. , Johal H. , Morris R. , Nobbee D. , Wang D. , Lang E. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Traditionally, radiologists have routinely recommended oral contrast agents (such as Telebrix®) for patients undergoing a computed tomography of the abdomen/pelvis (CTAP), but recent evidence has shown limited diagnostic benefits for most emergency department (ED) patients. Additionally, the use of oral contrast has numerous drawbacks, including patient nausea/vomiting, risk of aspiration and delays to CTAP completion and increased ED length of stay (LOS). Aim Statement: The aim was to safely reduce the number of ED patients receiving oral contrast prior to undergoing CTAP and thereby reduce ED length of stay. Measures & Design: An evidence-based ED protocol was developed in collaboration with radiology. PDSA cycle #1 was implementation at a pilot site to identify potential barriers. Challenges identified included the need to change the electronic order sets to reflect the new protocol, improved communication with frontline providers and addition of an online BMI calculator. PDSA cycle #2 was widespread implementation across all 4 ED's in the Calgary zone. The protocol was incorporated into all relevant electronic ED order sets to act as a physician prompt. Using administrative data, we extracted and analyzed data using descriptive and inferential statistics for the outcomes and balancing measures from a period of 12 months pre- and 12 months post-intervention. Evaluation/Results: A total of 14,868 and 17,995 CTAP exams were included in the pre and post periods, respectively. There was a reduction in usage of oral contrast from 71% to 30% (P < 0.0001) in the pre- and post-study period, respectively. This corresponded to a reduction in average time of CT requisition to CT report completed from 3.30 hours to 2.31 hours (-0.99 hrs, P = 0.001) and a reduction in average ED LOS from 11.01 hours to 9.92 hours (-1.08 hrs, P < 0.0001). The protocol resulted in a reduction of 19,434.6 patient hrs in the ED. Run charts demonstrate change was sustained over time. Our protocol did not demonstrate an increase in rates of repeat CTAP (P = 0.563) at 30 days, nor an increase in patient re-admission within 7 days (P = 0.295). Discussion/Impact: Successful implementation of an ED and radiology developed protocol significantly reduced the use of oral contrast in patients requiring enhanced CTAP as part of their diagnostic work up and, thereby, reduced overall ED LOS without increasing the need for repeat examinations within 30 days or re-admission within 7 days.
P039: Utilization of serum D-dimer assays and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism among emergency department (ED) physicians
Authors: Salehi L. , Phalpher P. , Yu H. , Ossip M. , Valani R. , Mercuri M. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: As the availability of Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) to rule out pulmonary embolism (PE) increases, so too does its utilization, and consequent overutilization. A variety of evidence-based algorithms and decision rules using clinical criteria and D-Dimer testing have been proposed as instruments to allow physicians to safely rule out a PE in low-risk patients. However, studies have shown mixed results with respect to both physician uptake of these decision rules and their impact on improving ordering practices among physicians. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of D-Dimer utilization among ED physicians and its impact on positive yield rates of CTPAs in a community setting. Methods: Data was collected on all CTPA studies ordered by ED physicians at two very high-volume community hospitals and an affiliated urgent care centre during the 2-year period between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017. For each CTPA, we determined if 1) a D-Dimer had been ordered prior to CTPA, if 2) the D-Dimer was positive, and if 3) the CTPA was positive for a PE. Using a chi-square test, we compared the diagnostic yield for those patients who had a D-Dimer prior to their CTPA and those who did not. Results: A total of 2,811 CTPAs were included in the analysis. Of these, 964 CTPAs (34.3%) were ordered without a D-Dimer. Of those 1,847 patients who underwent D-Dimer testing prior to the CTPA, 343 (18.7%) underwent a CTPA despite a negative D-Dimer. When compared as a group, those CTPAs preceded by a D-Dimer showed no significant difference in positive yields when compared to those CTPAs ordered without a prior D-Dimer (9.9% versus 11.3%, p = 0.26). Conclusion: The findings of this study present a complicated picture of the impact of D-Dimer utilization on CTPA ordering patterns. There is evidence of suboptimal uptake of routine D-Dimer ordering, and adherence to guidelines in terms of forgoing CTPAs in low-risk patients with negative D-Dimers. While this study design leaves unanswered the question of how many CTPAs were avoided as a result of a negative D-Dimer, the finding of a similar positive yield among those patients who had a D-Dimer ordered versus those who did not is interesting, and illustrative of the issues arising from the high false-positive rates associated with D-Dimer screening.
P051: A chart review of emergency department visits following implementation of the Cannabis Act in Canada
Authors: O'Brien M. , Rogers P. , Smith E. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The legalization of cannabis for recreational use in 2018 remains a controversial topic. There are multiple perceived benefits of cannabis including pain relief, treatment of epilepsy syndromes, and improving body weight of cancer patients. However, there are also many potential risks. The short-term health consequences include cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and cannabis induced psychosis. These conditions directly impact the influx of patients presenting to Emergency Departments (ED). There is currently limited research in the area of cannabis legalization burden. However, the studies performed have shown a significant impact in those states which cannabis is legal. A study completed in Colorado found that hospitalization rates with marijuana related billing codes increased from 274 to 593 per 100 000 hospitalizations after the state legalization of recreational cannabis. This study aims to examine if Canada's hospitals are experiencing the same burden as other jurisdictions. Methods: A descriptive study was preformed via a retrospective chart review of cannabis related visits in tertiary EDs in St. John's, NL, from six months prior to the date of legalization of cannabis for recreational use, to six months after. Hospital ED visit records from both the Health Science Centre and St. Clare's Mercy Hospital were searched using keywords to identify patients who presented with symptoms related to cannabis use. We manually reviewed all visit records that included one or more of these terms to distinguish true positives from false positive cases, unrelated to cannabis use. Results: A total of 287 charts were included in the study; 123 visits were related to cannabis use six months prior to legalization, and 164 six months after legalization. A significant increase in ED visits following the legalization of recreational cannabis was seen (p < .001). There was no significant difference in the age of users between the two groups. Additionally, the number one presenting complaint due to cannabis use was vomiting (47.7%), followed by anxiety (12.2%). Conclusion: Following the implementation of the Cannabis Act in Canada, EDs in St. John's, NL had a statistically significant increase in the number of visits related to cannabis use. It is important to determine such consequences to ensure hospitals and public health agencies are prepared to treat the influx of visits and are better equipped to manage the associated symptoms.