bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AAAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Doshi Tina L , Dworkin Robert H , Polomano Rosemary C , Carr Daniel B , Edwards Robert R , Finnerup Nanna B , Freeman Roy L , Paice Judith A , Weisman Steven J , Raja Srinivasa N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Acute neuropathic pain is a significant diagnostic challenge, and it is closely related to our understanding of both acute pain and neuropathic pain. Diagnostic criteria for acute neuropathic pain should reflect our mechanistic understanding and provide a framework for research on and treatment of these complex pain conditions.

Methods
The Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) public–private partnership with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the American Pain Society (APS), and the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM) collaborated to develop the ACTTION-APS-AAPM Pain Taxonomy (AAAPT) for acute pain. A working group of experts in research and clinical management of neuropathic pain was convened. Group members used literature review and expert opinion to develop diagnostic criteria for acute neuropathic pain, as well as three specific examples of acute neuropathic pain conditions, using the five dimensions of the AAAPT classification of acute pain.

Results
AAAPT diagnostic criteria for acute neuropathic pain are presented. Application of these criteria to three specific conditions (pain related to herpes zoster, chemotherapy, and limb amputation) illustrates the spectrum of acute neuropathic pain and highlights unique features of each condition.

Conclusions
The proposed AAAPT diagnostic criteria for acute neuropathic pain can be applied to various acute neuropathic pain conditions. Both the general and condition-specific criteria may guide future research, assessment, and management of acute neuropathic pain.
New species of mammaliaform and the cranium ofBorealestes(Mammaliformes: Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles
Authors: Panciroli Elsa , Benson Roger B J , Fernandez Vincent , Butler Richard J , Fraser Nicholas C , Luo Zhe-Xi , Walsh Stig 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDocodonta are one of the earliest diverging groups of mammaliaforms, and their morphology provides key information on the transition between non-mammalian cynodonts and Mammalia. We describe the partial skulls of two docodontans Borealestes serendipitus and Borealestes cuillinensis sp. nov. from the Kilmaluag Formation (Middle Jurassic: Bathonian), Isle of Skye, Scotland. We visualize their cranial anatomy using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray micro-CT. The skulls belong to two partial skeletons, currently comprising the most complete Mesozoic mammal fossils reported from the British Isles. The associated upper and lower dentitions show that the lower dentition of Borealestes is not diagnostic to species level. We establish, B. cuillinensis, based on upper molar characters, and re-identify upper molars previously assigned to ‘Borealestes’ mussettae as belonging to B. cuillinensis. ‘Borealestes’ mussettae, based on distinctive lower molars, is found to be morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from Borealestes, necessitating assignment to a new genus, Dobunnodon gen. nov. The skulls of Borealestes retain many plesiomorphic features seen in Morganucodon but absent in more crownward mammaliaforms. Our study highlights that generic and species taxonomy of docodontans are more reliable when based on both upper and lower teeth, while lower molar morphology may underrepresent the true diversity of Mesozoic mammaliaforms.
Nail Versus Plate: A Biomechanical Comparison of a Locking Plate Versus an Intramedullary Nail With an Angular Stable Locking System in a Shoulder Simulator With Active Muscle Forces Using a Two-Part Fracture Model
Authors: Strasser Susanne , Kralinger Franz , Blauth Michael , Schmoelz Werner 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To compare a locking compression plate versus an intramedullary nail with an angular stable locking system (ASLS) using a 2-part fracture model in a shoulder test bench.

Methods:
Twelve fresh frozen humeri were used for biomechanical testing in a shoulder simulator. A 2-part fracture model, with and without medial cortical support, was used to compare the locking plate and a nail with an ASLS. The varus impaction, varus per cycle motion, tilt, and tilt per cycle were analyzed.

Results:
No significant differences for the resulting forces in the glenoid fossa were evaluated. The stable fracture model showed no significant differences for the 2 groups. The median varus impaction was −0.96 degrees (range −0.55 to −4.26 degrees) in the plate group and 0.5 degrees (range −3.06 to 0.98 degrees) in the nail group, after 500 cycles of cyclic loading in the unstable fracture model. The plate group showed a significantly higher median varus impaction per cycle motion and median varus impaction at the 200th, 300th, and 400th cycle of physiological loading.

Conclusions:
The intramedullary nail with the ASLS could be an alternative for patients suffering from osteoporosis and comorbidities.
The “Double Washer” Technique Is an Effective Strategy for Bicortical Fixation in Periprosthetic Fractures About a Femoral Stem: A Technical Trick and Case Series
Authors: Goch Abraham M. , Tarpada Sandip , Loloi Jeremy , Sen Milan K. , Harbacheuski Ryhor , Dimitroulias Apostolos 
Published: October 2020

Summary:
Periprosthetic fractures about the hip and knee are challenging injuries to treat for the orthopaedic surgeon. The pre-existing femoral implant and poor bone quality provide for difficulties in achieving stable fixation. We present a surgical technique and clinical series of 5 patients describing the use and outcomes of a 3.5 screw with a “double washer” technique to achieve bicortical fixation around a femoral prosthesis.
Are Arthroplasty Procedures Really Better in the Treatment of Complex Proximal Humerus Fractures? A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Pizzo Richard A. , Gianakos Arianna L. , Haring Richard Sterling , Gage Mark J. , Stevens Nicole M. , Liporace Frank A. , Yoon Richard S. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
A meta-analysis and systematic review was performed to compare outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), hemiarthroplasty (HA), and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) for complex proximal humerus fractures. Data sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were screened. Search terms included reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, open reduction internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, and proximal humerus fracture.

Study Selection:
English-language studies published within the past 15 years evaluating outcomes of ORIF, rTSA, or HA for complex proximal humerus fractures with minimum of 1-year follow-up were included, resulting in 51 studies with 3064 total patients. Review articles, basic science studies, biomechanical studies, and cadaveric studies were excluded.

Data Extraction:
The methodological quality of evidence was assessed using the Jadad scale and methodological index for nonrandomized studies.

Data Synthesis:
Demographic data were compared using the χ2 test. Mean data were weighted by study size and used to calculate composite mean values and confidence intervals. Continuous data were compared using the Metan module with fixed effects. Count data were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Alpha was set at 0.05 for all tests.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing rTSA had lower risks of complication (relative risk 0.41) and reoperation (relative risk 0.28) than HA patients. rTSA resulted in higher Constant scores (standard mean difference 0.63) and improved active forward flexion when compared with HA (standard mean difference 0.76). Pooled mean data demonstrated better outcome scores and active forward flexion of ORIF versus HA and rTSA, although the patients were younger and had more simple fracture patterns.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical Correlation of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification With Wound Closure and Soft-Tissue Complications in Open Upper Extremity Fractures
Authors: Putnam Sara M. , Dunahoe Jacquelyn , Agel Julie , Garner Matthew R. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To correlate domains of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification (OTA-OFC) in open upper extremity injuries with type of definitive soft-tissue closure, complication rates, and unanticipated return to the operating room for complication.

Design:
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients:
Two hundred thirty-four consecutive open upper extremity fractures.

Intervention:
Operative management of open upper extremity fractures.

Main outcome measurements:
Type of definitive closure, 90-day wound complication, and wound complication necessitating return to the operating room.

Results:
Two hundred eighty injuries were identified, and 234 had sufficient data for analysis. Eighty-four percent (196/234) of open wounds were closed primarily, 7% (16/234) required a skin graft, and 4% (9/234) required rotational or free flap. Thirteen percent (22/166) of those followed for 90 days had a wound complication, and 50% of those with complication required a return to the OR. All OTA-OFC classifications statistically significantly correlated with type of closure (P < 0.001), with skin having a high correlation (r = 0.79), muscle (r = 0.49) and contamination (r = 0.47) moderate correlations, and arterial (r = 0.32) and bone loss (r = 0.33) low correlations. OTA-OFC muscle classification was predictive of 90-day wound complication (OR 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.21). OTA-OFC domains correlated variably with return to the OR.

Conclusion:
OTA-OFC clinically correlates with definitive wound management and 90-day wound complication in open upper extremity fractures. OTA-OFC skin classification has a high correlation with the type of definitive wound closure. OTA-OFC muscle was the only domain that correlated with 90-day wound complication and was predictive of 90-day wound complication.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Systematic review and meta-analysis: risks of postoperative complications with preoperative use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha biologics in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Moosvi Zain , Duong Jacqueline , Bechtold Matthew L. , Nguyen Douglas L. 
Published: October 2020

Objective
The preoperative use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients undergoing surgery has been controversial due to concern for increased risks of postoperative complications. We aimed to determine the effect of preoperative anti-TNF therapy on postoperative complications in IBD patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Methods
A literature search of Google Scholar, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL was performed through October 2019. Studies reporting postoperative complication rates of Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and IBD-unspecified patients with preoperative anti-TNF treatment undergoing abdominal surgery compared to controls without preoperative anti-TNF treatment were included. The main outcomes measured were overall, infectious, and noninfectious postoperative complications.

Results
Forty-one studies totaling 20 274 patients were included. There was a significant increase in overall complications in all patients treated with anti-TNF vs. controls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.25, P = 0.03, I2 = 6%] with an absolute risk increase (ARI) of 5.5% and a number needed to harm (NNH) of 18. There was also a significant increase in infectious complications in CD patients (OR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.02–2.03, P = 0.04, I2 = 49%, ARI = 5.5%, NNH = 20) only. Contrastingly, there was a significant increase in noninfectious complications in all patients (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.13–1.85, P = 0.003, I2 = 8%, ARI = 6.4%, NNH = 16) and UC patients (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.15–2.14, P = 0.005, I2 = 25%, ARI = 8.5%, NNH = 12) only.

Conclusion
Preoperative use of anti-TNF agents in IBD patients undergoing abdominal surgery is associated with increases in overall postoperative complications in all patients, infectious postoperative complications in CD patients, and noninfectious postoperative complications in UC patients.
Estimation of CARE Dose 4D quality reference mAs conversion factors for child to adult reference patient in child protocols on Siemens Symbia SPECT-CT systems
Authors: Hansen Sofie L. , Bebbington Natalie A. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
CARE Dose 4D modulates mAs through several mechanisms according to patient size and shape, whilst maintaining user-defined reference image quality on Siemens Symbia single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-computed tomography (CT) systems. A 20 kg child reference was used in child protocols prior to software version VB10 and a 75 kg adult thereafter. Quality reference mAs conversion factors are estimated for delivering equivalent mAs to children between two comparable SPECT-CT systems using adult and child references for topogram-based patient-size-related dose level adaptations.

Methods
A child phantom was scanned using child protocols on a Siemens Symbia T16 (child reference) and a Siemens Symbia Intevo Bold (adult reference). On each system, scans of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis were acquired with arms up and down, at 80 and 110 kVp. Quality reference mAs settings of 10–50 were used on the Symbia T16 and 40–200 on the Symbia Intevo Bold. These data were used to propose quality reference mAs (adult/child reference) conversion factors according to scan range, arm position and tube voltage.

Results
Quality reference mAs for child protocols using the adult reference should multiply the child quality reference mAs by the following factors, to give comparable delivered mAs: arms up 80 kV: 3.8 (thorax), 3.8 (abdomen), 4.3 (pelvis); arms up at 110 kV: 3.8 (thorax), 4.1 (abdomen), 4.6 (pelvis); arms down at 80 kV: 4.0 (thorax), 3.7 (abdomen), 3.9 (pelvis); arms down at 110 kV: 4.3 (thorax), 4.0 (abdomen), 4.2 (pelvis).

Conclusion
Conversion factors for child to adult dose modulation references are proposed, allowing comparable delivered mAs to a child.
Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/NMC/A178
Hemodynamic Response to Fluid Boluses for Hypotension in Children in a Cardiac ICU
Authors: Gelbart Ben , Harrois Anatole , Gardiner Lauren , Mcgregor Cherie , Bitker Laurent , Van Zanten Eva , Beel Emma , Bellomo Rinaldo , Duke Trevor , Butt Warwick 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To describe the hemodynamic response to fluid boluses for hypotension in children in a cardiac ICU.

Design:
A prospective, observational study.

Setting:
Single-centered cardiac ICU.

Patients:
Children in a cardiac ICU with hypotension.

Interventions:
Clinician prescribed fluid bolus.

Measurements and Main Results:
Sixty-four fluid boluses were administered to 52 children. Fluid composition was 4% albumin in 36/64 (56%), 0.9% saline in 18/64 (28%), and cardiopulmonary bypass pump blood in 10/64 (16%). The median volume and duration were 5.0 mL/kg (interquartile range, 4.8–5.4) and 8 minutes (interquartile range, 4–19), respectively. Hypovolemia/low filling pressures was the most common additional indication (25/102 [25%]). Mean arterial pressure response, defined as a 10% increase from baseline, occurred in 42/64 (66%) of all fluid boluses at a median time of 6 minutes (interquartile range, 4–11). Mean arterial pressure responders had a median peak increase in the mean arterial pressure of 15 mm Hg (43 mm Hg [interquartile range, 29–50 mm Hg] to 58 mm Hg [interquartile range, 49–65 mm Hg]) at 17 minutes (interquartile range, 14–24 min) compared with 4 mm Hg (48 mm Hg [interquartile range, 40–51 mm Hg] to 52 mm Hg [interquartile range, 45–56 mm Hg]) at 10 minutes (interquartile range, 3–18 min) in nonresponders. Dissipation of mean arterial pressure response, when defined as a subsequent decrement in mean arterial pressure below 10%, 5%, and 2% increases from baseline, occurred in 28/42 (67%), 18/42 (43%), and 13/42 (31%) of mean arterial pressure responders, respectively. Cardiopulmonary bypass pump blood was strongly associated with peak change in mean arterial pressure from baseline (coefficient 11.0 [95% CI, 4.3–17.7]; p = 0.02). Fifty out of 64 (78%) were receiving a vasoactive agent. However, change in vasoactive inotrope score was not associated with change in mean arterial pressure (coefficient 2.3 [95% CI, –2.5 to –7.2]; p = 0.35). Timing from admission, nor fluid bolus duration, influenced mean arterial pressure response.

Conclusions:
In children with hypotension in a cardiac ICU, the median dose and duration of fluid boluses were 5 mL/kg and 8 minutes. Peak response occurred shortly following administration and commonly returned to baseline.
Development of a Smartphone-Based Skin Simulation Model for Medical Education
Authors: Dsouza Roshan , Spillman Darold R. , Barrows Scott , Golemon Thomas , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction
Teaching dermatology to medical students entails a series of lectures, pictures, and hands-on skin examinations to convey a sense of skin features and textures, often by use of simulated skin models. However, such methods can often lack accurate visual and tactile texture representation of skin lesions. To facilitate learning, we have developed a smartphone-based skin simulation model, which provides a configurable visual and tactile sense of a lesion by using the ubiquitous availability of smartphone-based mobile platforms.

Methods
A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) overlay was used as a configurable translucent elastomer material to model the stiffness and texture of skin. A novel custom smartphone-based app was developed to capture images of various skin lesions, which were subsequently displayed on a tablet or second smartphone, over which the PDMS model skin elastomer was placed. Using the local Bluetooth connection between mobile devices, an iterative feedback algorithm corrected the visual distortion caused by the optical scattering of the translucent elastomer, enabling better virtual visualization of the lesion.

Results
The developed smartphone-based app corrected the distortion of images projected through the simulated skin elastomer. Surface topography of the developed PDMS elastomer provided a more accurate representation of skin texture.

Conclusions
In this investigation, we developed a smartphone-based skin lesion visualization app with a simulated skin elastomer for training/education in not only dermatology but also all general medical specialties that examine the skin. This technique has the potential to advance the educational experience by giving students the ability to see, touch, and feel pragmatic skin textures and lesions.
Clinical, neuroimaging and molecular spectrum of TECPR2-associated hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with intellectual disability
Authors: Neuser Sonja , Brechmann Barbara , Heimer Gali , Brösse Ines , Schubert Susanna , O’Grady Lauren , Zech Michael , Srivastava Siddharth , Sweetser David A. , Dincer Yasemin , Mall Volker , Winkelmann Juliane , Behrends Christian , Darras Basil T , Graham Robert J , Jayakar Parul , Byrne Barry , El Bar-Aluma Bat , Haberman Yael , Szeinberg Amir , Aldhalaan Hesham Mohamed , Hashem Mais , Al Tenaiji Amal , Ismayl Omar , Al Nuaimi Asma E. , Maher Karima , Ibrahim Shahnaz , Khan Fatima , Houlden Henry , Ramakumaran Vijayalakshmi Salem , Pagnamenta Alistair T , Posey Jennifer E , Lupski James R , Tan Wen-Hann , ElGhazali Gehad , Herman Isabella , Muñoz Tatiana , Repetto Gabriela M. , Seitz Angelika , Krumbiegel Mandy , Poli M. Cecilia , Kini Usha , Efthymiou Stephanie , Meiler Jens , Maroofian Reza , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Jamra Rami Abou , Popp Bernt , Ben-Zeev Bruria , Ebrahimi-Fakhari Darius 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPURPOSEBi-allelic TECPR2 variants have been associated with a complex syndrome with features of both a neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we provide a comprehensive clinical description and variant interpretation framework for this genetic locus.METHODSThrough an international collaboration, we identified 17 individuals from 15 families with bi-allelic TECPR2-variants. We systemically reviewed clinical and molecular data from this cohort and 11 cases previously reported. Phenotypes were standardized using Human Phenotype Ontology terms.RESULTSA cross-sectional analysis revealed global developmental delay/intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, ataxia, hyporeflexia, respiratory infections and central/nocturnal hypopnea as core manifestations. A review of brain MRI scans demonstrated a thin corpus callosum in 52%. We evaluated 17 distinct variants. Missense variants in TECPR2 are predominantly located in the N- and C-terminal regions containing β-propeller repeats. Despite constituting nearly half of disease associated TECPR2 variants, classifying missense variants as (likely) pathogenic according to ACMG criteria remains challenging. We estimate a pathogenic variant carrier frequency of 1/1,221 in the general and 1/155 in the Jewish Ashkenazi populations.CONCLUSIONBased on clinical, neuroimaging and genetic data, we provide recommendations for variant reporting, clinical assessment, and surveillance/treatment of individuals with TECPR2-associated disorder. This sets the stage for future prospective natural history studies.CONFLICTS OF INTERESTAll authors involved in the study declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this study.
Antibody Immunological Imprinting on COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Aydillo T , Rombauts Alexander , Stadlbauer Daniel , Aslam Sadaf , Abelenda-Alonso Gabriela , Escalera Alba , Amanat Fatima , Jiang Kaijun , Krammer Florian , Carratala Jordi , García-Sastre Adolfo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWhile the current pandemic remains a thread to human health, the polyclonal nature of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. Other than SARS-CoV-2, humans are susceptible to six different coronaviruses, and previous exposure to antigenically related and divergent seasonal coronaviruses is frequent. We longitudinally profiled the early humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 on hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and quantify levels of pre-existing immunity to OC43, HKU1 and 223E seasonal coronaviruses. A strong back-boosting effect to conserved, but not variable regions of OC43 and HKU1 betacoronaviruses spike protein was observed. All patients developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleoprotein, with peak induction at day 7 post hospitalization. However a negative correlation was found between antibody memory boost to human coronaviruses and induction of IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike. Our findings provide evidence of immunological imprinting that determine the antibody profile to COVID-19 patients in an original antigenic sin fashion.