bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Electromagnetic Signature of Outward Propagating Ion-scale Waves
Authors: Bowen Trevor A. , Bale Stuart D. , Bonnell J. W. , Larson Davin , Mallet Alfred , McManus Michael D. , Mozer Forrest S. , Pulupa Marc , Vasko Ivan Y. , Verniero J. L. ,   (The PSP/FIELDS and PSP/SWEAP Teams)
Published: August 2020

Abstract
First results from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission have revealed ubiquitous coherent ion-scale waves in the inner heliosphere, which are signatures of kinetic wave–particle interactions and fluid instabilities. However, initial studies of the circularly polarized ion-scale waves observed by PSP have only thoroughly analyzed magnetic field signatures, precluding a determination of solar wind frame propagation direction and intrinsic wave polarization. A comprehensive determination of wave properties requires measurements of both electric and magnetic fields. Here, we use full capabilities of the PSP/FIELDS instrument suite to measure both the electric and magnetic components of circularly polarized waves. Comparing spacecraft frame magnetic field measurements with the Doppler-shifted cold plasma dispersion relation for parallel transverse waves constrains allowable plasma frame polarizations and wavevectors. We demonstrate that the Doppler-shifted cold plasma dispersion has a maximum spacecraft frequency

for which intrinsically right-handed fast-magnetosonic waves propagating sunwards can appear left-handed in the spacecraft frame. Observations of left-handed waves with

are uniquely explained by intrinsically left-handed, ion-cyclotron waves (ICWs). We demonstrate that electric field measurements for waves with

are consistent with ICWs propagating away from the Sun, verifying the measured electric field. Applying the verified electric field measurements to the full distribution of waves suggests that, in the solar wind frame, the vast majority of waves propagate away from the Sun, indicating that the observed population of coherent ion-scale waves contains both intrinsically left- and right-hand polarized modes.
Impact Experiment on Asteroid (162173) Ryugu: Structure beneath the Impact Point Revealed by In Situ Observations of the Ejecta Curtain
Authors: Kadono Toshihiko , Arakawa Masahiko , Honda Rie , Ishibashi Ko , Ogawa Kazunori , Sakatani Naoya , Sawada Hirotaka , Shimaki Yuri , Shirai Kei , Sugita Seiji , Wada Koji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An impact experiment was performed on the surface of the C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu using an instrument called the Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI) carried by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency spacecraft Hayabusa2. Using a small camera separated from the spacecraft, we observed the development of the ejecta curtain formed by the SCI impact in situ. Based on the patterns appearing in the ejecta curtain, we evaluated the physical properties of large boulders and regolith grains on Ryugu. We found that the large boulders on the surface near the SCI impact point had a compressive strength consistent with the previous estimation of a tensile strength based on low thermal inertia observed for boulders on Ryugu. Furthermore, the ejecta curtain consisted of the boulders with a maximum size of several decimeters. Moreover, the filament structure was formed in the SCI ejecta curtain, strongly suggesting that the SCI impact ejecta curtain particles had a size range greater than one order of magnitude; a characteristic size of the regolith grains in the curtain was estimated to be several centimeters. These regolith grains primarily originated from the subsurface layer. We propose three different hypotheses for the geological process that formed the subsurface structure at the SCI impact point consistent with the above observations. Because these hypotheses have different predictions for materials in SCI ejecta, the samples obtained from the second touchdown will be able to constrain which hypothesis is the most likely.
Rhinovirus Infection Promotes Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation after Prior Exposure to House Dust Mite Allergen
Authors: Mehta Amit K , Croft Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Respiratory virus infection normally drives neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation, yet some viral infections result in an eosinophil-dominated response in individuals such as allergic asthmatics. One idea is that viral infection simply exacerbates an ongoing type 2 response to allergen. However, prior exposure to allergen might alter the virus-induced innate response such that type 2–like eosinophilic inflammation can be induced. To test this, mice were sensitized intranasally with house dust mite allergen and then at later times exposed to rhinovirus RV1B via the airways. RV1B infection of naive mice led to the expected neutrophilic lung inflammatory response with no eosinophils or mucus production. In contrast, if mice were exposed to RV1B 1–4 wk after house dust mite inhalation, when the allergen response had subsided, infection led to eosinophilia and mucus production and a much stronger lymphocyte response that were partially or fully steroid resistant. In accordance, RV1B infection resulted in elevated expression of several inflammatory factors in allergen–pre-exposed mice, specifically those associated with type 2 immunity, namely CCL17, CXCL1, CCL2, IL-33, and IL-13. In vitro studies further showed that RV infection led to greater production of chemokines and cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cells that were previously stimulated with allergen, reinforcing the notion of an altered virus response after allergen exposure. In conclusion, we report that prior allergen exposure can modify responsiveness of cells in the lungs such that a qualitatively and quantitatively different inflammatory activity results following virus infection that is biased toward type 2–like airway disease.
Intervención farmacéutica y administración de carica papaya para reducir síntomas gastroesófágicos en estudiantes preuniversitarios en la Universidad Privada De Huancayo – Perú.
Authors: Junchaya      Yllescas Vilma Amparo , Andamayo  Flores Diana Esmeralda , Camposano Córdova Yda Flor , Valderrama Sueldo Martha Raquel 
Published: August 2020

El ardor de estómago frecuente después de las comidas es habitual en las personas que padecen de algunos síntomas gastroesofágicos, y si no son tratados a tiempo pueden ocasionar problemas que van desde un sangrado, hasta una inﬂamación y úlcera. En el Perú estos síntomas son frecuentes en edades tempranas de la vida, y no hay diferencias entre las poblaciones de la Costa, Sierra y Selva del Perú. Por lo tanto la presente investigación se realizó con la ﬁnalidad de determinar el efecto que produce la aplicación de la Intervención farmacéutica y administración de Carica papaya, para contribuir a reducir algunos síntomas gastroesofágicos; realizado en e l c o n s u l t o r i o m é d i c o y l a b o r a t o r i o d e investigación de la UPH en 30 estudiantes de muestra intencionada de la CEPRE, con diseño cuasiexperimental, dividido en dos grupos. Donde el grupo experimento recibió 500 ml de Jugo de Carica papaya inmaduro por 30 días, asociado a la intervención farmacéutica basada en el empleo de a l g u n a s ﬁ c h a s c o m o : d e r e c o m e n d a c i ó n farmacéutica, de código no lingüístico y de dosiﬁcación tanto visuales como escritas; concluyéndose que las regurgitaciones, la diﬁcultad para deglutir y eructos como síntomas gastroesofágicos disminuyeron notablemente a diferencia que en el grupo control no hubo cambios signiﬁcativos.
ABRANGÊNCIAS E IMPLICAÇÕES DA LEITURA NA FEITURA DE SI
Authors: Sampaio Romão Eliana , Silva Almeida Ana Rita 
Published: August 2020

A leitura da palavra são degraus para o limiar e o alumiar o caminho para humanização. Isso tem seu início desde a mais tenra idade. Este artigo objetiva discutir, a partir das relações – a palavra e o mundo, o Eu e o Outro, a escola e a vida, as possibilidades da leitura sob o olhar da criança. Que pensa a criança da experiência de descobrir-se lendo e escrevendo? É uma pesquisa quali-narrativa em uma escola pública portuguesa e mostra os efeitos da leitura na educação das crianças. Tem como marco teórico Freire, Queirós, e Niza.
Palavras-chave: Educação. Criança. Leitura. Narrativas.
Membangun Sistem Informasi Penjadwalan Dengan Metode Algoritma Genetika Pada Laboratorium Teknik Informatika Universitas Muhammadiyah Maluku Utara
Authors: Assagaf Agil , Ibrahim Adelina , Suranto Catur 
Published: August 2020

Abstrak : Penjadwalan praktikum merupakan proses penyusunan jadwal pelaksanaan yang menginformasikan sejumlah mata kuliah, dosen yang mengajar, ruang, serta waktu kegiatan perkuliahan di laboratorium. Perlu diperhatikan beberapa aspek untuk menyusun jadwal perkuliahan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Aspek yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain adalah aspek dari dosen yang mengajar, mata kuliah yang diajar. Penyusunan jadwal secara manual cenderung membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dan ketelitian yang cukup bagi pembuat jadwal. Untuk dapat membuat jadwal yang optional, dibutuhkan metode optimasi. Pada penelitian ini, akan diuji coba metode optimasi dalam pembuatan jadwal praktikum yaitu Algoritma Genetika. Algoritma genetika merupakan pendekatan komputasional untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dimodelkan dengan proses biologi dari evolusi. Parameter-parameter Algoritma Genetika yang mempengaruhi jadwal perkuliahan yang dihasilkan adalah jumlah individu, probabilitas crossover, probabilitas mutasi serta metode seleksi, crossover yang digunakan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara mencari nilai parameter-parameter algoritma genetika yang paling optimal dalam jadwal perkuliahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan jumlah generasi, jumlah individu, probabilitas crossover dan probabilitas mutasi dapat menghasilkan jadwal yang paling optimal.Kata kunci: Optimasi, Penjadwalan, Seleksi, Crossover, Mutasi, Algoritma GenetikaAbstract : Practical scheduling is the process of preparation of an implementation schedule that informs a number of courses, lecturers who teach, space, and time of lecture activities in the laboratory. It should be noted several aspects to arrange lecture schedule in accordance with the needs. Aspects that need to be considered include aspects of lecturers who teach, courses taught. Manual scheduling tends to take longer and enough accuracy for the schedule maker. To be able to create an optional schedule, an optimization method is required. In this research, will be tested the optimization method in the preparation of the practice schedule that is Genetic Algorithm. Genetic algorithms are a computational approach to solving problems modeled by biological processes of evolution. The parameters of the Genetic Algorithm affecting the course schedule are the number of individuals, the probability of crossover, the probability of mutation and the method of selection, the crossover used. Testing is done by finding the most optimal parameter values of genetic algorithm in lecture schedule. The results show that with the number of generations, the number of individuals, the probability of crossover and the probability of mutation can produce the most optimal schedule. Keywords: Optimization, Scheduling, Selection, Crossover, Mutation, Genetic Algorithm
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Data Korban Bencana pada Badan Penanggulangan Bencana (BPBD) Kota Ternate
Authors: Syah Lamahamu Abdul , . Subhan 
Published: August 2020

Abstrak : Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kota Ternate merupakan sebuah Lembaga Pemerintah yang mempunyai tugas untuk membantu mengkoordinasikan perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan penanganan bencana dan kedaruratan secara terpadu, Saat ini BPBD dalam melaksanakan proses pendataan korban bencana masih lambat yang disebabkan karena masih memprosesnya secara manual. Dalam melakukan proses pendataan di setiap posko pengungsi kemungkinan masih terjadinya kesulitan antara lain, perhitungan yang kurang akurat dan waktu yang cukup lama dalam pengolahan data. Tujuan Penelitian ini membuat sistem informasi pengolahan data korban bencana Pada BPBD Kota Ternate. Agar mempermudah admin mengelola data bencana pada BPBD Kota Ternate. Metode Pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, studi kepustakaan. Alat bantu rancangan menggunakan Flowchart, DFD, ERD dan bahasa pemrograman Borland Delphi 7, dengan adanya sistem ini dapat mempermudah admin dalam mengelola data bencana serta meningkatkan kinerja pelayanan pada BPBD Kota TernateKata kunci: Perancangan, Sistem Informasi, Korban BencanaAbstract: Regional Disaster Relief Agency (BPBD) Ternate City is a government agency has a duty to help coordinate the planning and implementation of disaster management and emergency activities are integrated. Currently BPBD in carrying out the process of logging disaster victims are still slow due to still process them manually, In conducting the process of logging in every possible occurrence of refugees living difficulties, among others, the calculation less accurate and quite a long time in the processing of the data. The purpose of this research was to make information systems data processing disaster victims At BPBD Ternate city In order to simplify admin manage data disaster at BPBD Ternate City. Data collection methods used namely observation, interviews, the study of librarianship. Design of tool use Flowchart, DFD, ERD and the programming language of Borland Delphi 7. the existence of these systems can facilitate admin to manage disaster and improve the performance of data service on BPBD Ternate CityKeywords: Design, Information Systems, Disaster Victims
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengontrol Lampu Rumah Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno Menggunakan Smartphone
Authors: Sudin Nano , Djufri Ilham , Umar M Kasyif G 
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Dalam suatu rumah lampu adalah salah satu dari Bagian yang penting, untuk mempermudah mematikan dan menghidupkan lampu dalam suatu rumah digunakan perantara Bluetooth yang terintegrasi pada smartphone android dan arduino uno. Keseluruhan rancangan ini terdiri dari beberapa bagian yaitu terdiri atas smartphone android, modul bluetooth HC-06, mikrokontroller arduino uno, modul relay, kabel, fitting lampu, adapter 5v DC dan lampu. Alat ini bekerja saat bluetooth smartphone menyambungkan koneksi ke bluetooth HC-06, dari Bluetooth HC-06 kemudian ke mikrokontroler untuk memproses perintah, dari mikrokontroler kemudian ke modul relay yang bekerja sebagai pengganti saklar yang berfungsi untuk menghidupkan atau mematikan lampu sesuai yang di inginkan. hasil pengujian yang menggunakan metode blackbox menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi HomeLightController pada smartphone Android dapat berkomunikasi dengan arduino uno dengan jarak <15 meter tanpa ada penghalang dan <9 meter jika ada penghalangKata kunci: Smartphone, Bluetooth HC-06, Arduino uno, Relay, LampuAbstract: In a lamp house is one of the critical parts, to make it easy to turn off and turn on the lights in a home, use an integrated Bluetooth intermediary on android smartphones and Arduino Uno. The overall design consists of several parts consisting of an Android smartphone, Bluetooth HC-06 module, Arduino Uno microcontroller, relay module, cable, lamp fittings, 5V DC adapter, and lights. This tool works when the Bluetooth smartphone connects to the Bluetooth HC-06 connection, from Bluetooth HC-06, then to the microcontroller to process commands, from the microcontroller then to the relay module that works as a substitute for a switch that functions to turn on or turn off the lights as desired. Test results using the BlackBox method show that the HomeLightController Application on an Android smartphone can communicate with Arduino Uno with a distance of <15 meters without any obstacles and <9 meters if there are obstaclesKeywords: Smartphone, Bluetooth HC-06, Arduino Uno, Relay, Lights
Assessment and modelling of residual chlorine in water supply systems: The case of Dangila Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Teka , Semagn Wondwesen Tesfaye , Shumey Eusman Ebrahim , Shute Mariye Majo , Ketema Atikilt Abebe 
Published: August 2020

Application of chlorine for drinking water security in the water supply distribution network for the Dangila town is not well managed. The study was conducted by the help of Water CAD software to evaluate the chlorine dosing and residual chlorine model. The necessary data were taken from primary and secondary sources. Three scenarios were developed for modelling the residual chlorine content in the distribution system. Two scenarios were produced with chlorine dose of 0.6 mg/l at a flow rate of 26 ml/s and chlorine dose of 0.5 mg /l at a flow rate of 22 ml/s, respectively. Residual chlorine concentration above normal limits (0.5 mg/l) was recorded in both scenarios around the injection point whereas four sample points were below 0.2 mg/l. Scenario II, all residual chlorine values were lower than 0.5 mg/l but still lower than 0.2 mg/l at the farthest four sampling points. In order to solve the above problem, A third scenario was developed with three reservoir injection points, Junction 4 and 55'' within 0.45, 0.15 and 0.2 mg/l of chlorine in order to maintain appropriate residual chlorine concentration. Hence, the best solution identified from the analysis was the installation of two additional chlorine injection points.
Perilous Life Views: Suicide, Morality and the Rise of the Individual in May Fourth China
Authors: Svarverud Rune 
Published: August 2020

Individualism, imported as an intellectual current from the West, entered the Chinese discourse during late imperial times in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The early Chinese interpretation and representation of individualism was closely related to ideas of China’s national survival in what was perceived as a Darwinian battle for survival between nations. During the May Fourth Movement starting in 1919, individualism for many prominent intellectuals took on new perspectives, interpreting the individual as an ultimate end of political and social life. With the introduction of Marxist thought and the rise of socialism as a political movement individualism was, however, again in China attached to collective interests related to society at large, to nation and to the world community of socialism. The aim of this article is to focus on interpretations of the individual, on the morality and the social responsibilities of the individual, in a Chinese debate on suicide around the May Fourth Movement in 1919. By focussing on the debate on the rights and wrongs of suicide, I hope to be able to show how notions of the individual and his or her relationship to family and society at this time carried connotations from the early forms of individualism in China as well as bearing witness of the growing interest in the social theories of Marxism to become so prominent in the decades to come. I intend to show that the May Fourth period contains different interpretations of the individual and individual morality and that these interpretations may be attached to different generations of intellectuals in China at this time. My interpretation of this debate will show that individualism was a very strong current among student intellectuals in China around 1919. That current was, however, short-lived as the teacher generation of intellectuals during the May Fourth, prominently concerned with collective social and political questions, dominated the period to come when Socialism gained momentum as the main intellectual current in the 1920s and ’30s.
After All, I Am the Trangpha. Oppositional Strategies in Shina Radio Dialogues from Gilgit
Authors: Degener Almuth 
Published: August 2020

The following article intends to be a contribution to the study of conflict talk, based on materials in the Shina language from radio dialogues broadcast in the 1980s. Shina is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic group. Shina has been studied by linguistically interested scholars since the nineteenth century and more intensively in the twentieth century.2 The first attempts to develop it as a literary language were made in the 1960s. Gilgiti Shina, the language used in the radio features, is spoken in the fertile valley of the Gilgit River, with the greatest number of speakers living in the environs of Gilgit town, Northern Pakistan. Gilgit is a major hub for mountaineering expeditions to the Karakoram. Its population is of various ethnic affiliations, and besides Shina several other languages are spoken, some of them not genetically related to Shina. Most of the inhabitants of Gilgit are Muslim. The stress of the article is on how facethreatening is dealt with in conflict discourse with two participants. In the process it will be shown how discourse strategies familiar from western languages and ancient rhetoric and culturally determined tendencies combine to form a distinctive argumentative style. It is suggested that the character of the radio dialogues is such as to help radio listeners reflect on the role of the people of Gilgit in modern times against the background of their cultural, religious and social heritage.
Chinese origin of the term pagoda: Liang Sicheng’s proposed etymology
Authors: Tien David Robbins 
Published: August 2020

Western reference works regard the architectural term pagoda as being of uncertain origin, but an overlooked etymology proposed by Liang Sicheng convincingly solves the mystery: The word is Chinese, with the literal meaning “eight” (pa) “cornered” (ko) “tower” (t’a). As Liang Sicheng (who together with his wife pioneered the serious study of classical Chinese architecture) pointed out: “The octagonal pagoda, which first appeared in the Tomb Pagoda of Ching-tsang in 746, was the first “pa-go-da” in the real sense of the term.” This 746 date is of course centuries before the first appearance of pagoda in a European language, viz. 1516 in Portuguese, so the chronology presents no problems. In a speculative vein I would add that a specific pagoda constructed later (be-tween 1597 and 1600) probably played an important role in helping the term to become entrenched in English and other European languages: the Pazhouta, standing in the Pearl River Estuary. Also, besides the architectural term pagoda in China, there are similar sounding words used elsewhere (pa-god, pagotha, pagoda, etc.) pertaining to pagan deities or idols – very possibly homonymous with the Chinese architectural word but not its source.
Os rastros das táticas – análise da movimentação funcional de um professor catarinense (décadas de 1910 - 1920)
Authors: Philippi Carolina Cechella 
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tematiza as manobras protagonizadas pelo professor primário Alberto Voigt na tentativa de reabrir sua escola, fechada em meio a iniciativas de nacionalização do ensino catarinense. Para tanto, foi organizada série documental composta por relatórios de governo, periódicos e ofícios expedidos pela Diretoria Geral de Instrução Pública, então dirigida por Henrique da Silva Fontes. Interessou inventariar as práticas do docente, entendendo-as como táticas lançadas em meio a um quadro de crescente burocratização da instrução e da docência. São então utilizadas as categorias de estratégias e táticas tais quais propostas por Michel de Certeau (2009). A análise do caso do professor Voigt faz também pensar o recrudescimento de mecanismos de seleção e recrutamento de professores em meio a um quadro de progressiva nacionalização da instrução catarinense (CAMPOS, 2008; 2006; FIORI, 1975; MOREIRA, 1954). Este artigo, por fim, estabelece uma relação entre esse processo nacionalizador a um maior controle e funcionarização (NÓVOA, 1997) da docência, ligando esses movimentos ao crescente aparelhamento de quadros de gerenciamento burocrático da instrução. Palavras-chave: Educação e Estado - Santa Catarina - História. Burocracia. Professores. Educação - História.