bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison on radiation effective dose and image quality of right coronary artery on prospective ECG‐gated method between 320 row CT and 2nd generation (128‐slice) dual source CT
Authors: Li Ren‐Feng , Hou Chang‐Long , Zhou Huang , Dai Yan‐Shan , Jin Li‐Qin , Xi Qian , Zhang Jian‐Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis retrospective study was to compare the image quality of right coronary artery (RCA) and effective radiation dose on prospective ECG‐gated method between 320 row computed tomography (CT) and 2nd generation (128‐slice) dual source CT. A total of 215 candidates underwent CT coronary angiography using prospective ECG‐gated method, 120 patients enrolled in 320 row CT group, and 95 patients in dual source CT group. We divided RCA image quality scores as 1/2/3/4, which means excellent/good/adequate/not assessable and heart rates were considered, as well as the radiation dose. There is no statistically significant difference of RCA image quality of Score 1/2 between 320 row CT and 2nd generation dual source CT, but lower heart rate (<70/min) improved RCA image quality. Meanwhile, the 2nd generation dual source CT scan have significant lower radiation dose. For patients with high level heart rate variation, both prospective ECG‐gated method of 320 row CT scan (Toshiba) and 2nd generation dual source CT scan (Siemens) basically provided good image quality on RCA. There is an advantage of effective radiation dose reduction in prospective ECG‐gated method using the 2nd generation dual source CT scan. After the iodine contrast agent was injected into elbow vein, the threshold triggering method was used to carry out prospective gated scanning, and the acquired fault image was reconstructed by the standard post‐processing software of each manufacturer. The radiation dose value is obtained through the dose report automatically generated after each scan.
Recapitulating Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment through Synergistic Use of Patient Organoids and Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Vasculature
Authors: Lai Benjamin Fook Lun , Lu Rick Xing Ze , Hu Yangshuo , Davenport Huyer Locke , Dou Wenkun , Wang Erika Yan , Radulovich Nikolina , Tsao Ming Sound , Sun Yu , Radisic Milica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTumor progression relies on the interaction between neoplastic epithelial cells and their surrounding stromal partners. This cell cross‐talk affects stromal development, and ultimately the heterogeneity impacts drug efficacy. To mimic this evolving paradigm, 3D vascularized pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue is microengineered in a tri‐culture system composed of patient‐derived pancreatic organoids, human fibroblasts, and endothelial cells on a perfusable platform, situated in a 96‐well plate. Through synergistic engineering, the benefits of cellular fidelity of patient tumor organoids are combined with the flow control of an organ‐on‐a‐chip platform. Validation of this platform includes demonstrating the growth of pancreatic tumor organoids by monitoring the change in metabolic activity of the tissue. Investigation of the tumor microenvironment highlights the role of fibroblasts in symbiosis with patient organoids, resulting in a six‐fold increase of collagen deposition and corresponding increase in tissue stiffness in comparison to fibroblast free controls. The value of a perfusable vascular network is evident in drug screening, as perfusing gemcitabine into stiffened matrix does not show the dose‐dependent effects on decrease in tumor viability as those under static conditions. These findings demonstrate the importance of a dynamic synergistic relationship between patient cells with stromal fibroblasts, in a 3D perfused vascular network, to accurately recapitulate a dynamic tumor microenvironment.
Low‐Defect Thiol‐Michael Addition Hydrogels as Matrigel Substitutes for Epithelial Organoid Derivation
Authors: Rezakhani Saba , Gjorevski Nikolce , Lutolf Matthias P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDue to their selective crosslinking chemistry and well‐defined mechano‐biochemical characteristics, hydrogels crosslinked by thiol‐Michael addition reactions have garnered immense interest for 3D cell culture applications. These hydrogels are typically formed via end‐linking of bis‐cysteine oligopeptides and branched f‐functional (f ≥ 3) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Unfortunately, this gel design accumulates excessive structural defects at a solid content below ≈10% (w/v) due to diluted bifunctional components reacting intramolecularly to form primary loops that compromise the gels' mechanical integrity and lead to excessive swelling. These limitations restrict the suitability of the gels for challenging cell culture applications, such as the growth of organoids. Here, low‐defect thiol‐Michael addition (LDTM) hydrogels based on novel building blocks designed toward minimizing structural defects are reported. Compared to the conventional gels, LDTM gels can be generated at an at least 2‐fold lower solid content, while still incorporating high concentrations of bioactive ligands (≈3 × 10‐3 m). LDTM gels promote the efficient development of fully patterned mouse intestinal organoids as well as human intestinal organoids, the latter in the absence of any animal‐derived components. Powerful alternatives are thus provided to the gold‐standard Matrigel, which is expensive and too variable for robust organoid development, facilitating translational applications of organoids.
Ferroelectric Exchange Bias Affects Interfacial Electronic States
Authors: Tuvia Gal , Frenkel Yiftach , Rout Prasanna K. , Silber Itai , Kalisky Beena , Dagan Yoram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn polar oxide interfaces phenomena such as superconductivity, magnetism, 1D conductivity, and quantum Hall states can emerge at the polar discontinuity. Combining controllable ferroelectricity at such interfaces can affect the superconducting properties and sheds light on the mutual effects between the polar oxide and the ferroelectric oxide. Here, the interface between the polar oxide LaAlO3 and the ferroelectric Ca‐doped SrTiO3 is studied by means of electrical transport combined with local imaging of the current flow with the use of scanning a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Anomalous behavior of the interface resistivity is observed at low temperatures. The scanning SQUID maps of the current flow suggest that this behavior originates from an intrinsic bias induced by the polar LaAlO3 layer. Such intrinsic bias combined with ferroelectricity can constrain the possible structural domain tiling near the interface. The use of this intrinsic bias is recommended as a method of controlling and tuning the initial state of ferroelectric materials by the design of the polar structure. The hysteretic dependence of the normal and the superconducting state properties on gate voltage can be utilized in multifaceted controllable memory devices.
Evolution of 3D Printing Methods and Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Egorov Vladimir , Gulzar Umair , Zhang Yan , Breen Siobhán , O'Dwyer Colm 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing has revolutionized the building of materials, and 3D‐printing has become a useful tool for complex electrode assembly for batteries and supercapacitors. The field initially grew from extrusion‐based methods and quickly evolved to photopolymerization printing, while supercapacitor technologies less sensitive to solvents more often involved material jetting processes. The need to develop higher‐resolution multimaterial printers is borne out in the performance data of recent 3D printed electrochemical energy storage devices. Underpinning every part of a 3D‐printable battery are the printing method and the feed material. These influence material purity, printing fidelity, accuracy, complexity, and the ability to form conductive, ceramic, or solvent‐stable materials. The future of 3D‐printable batteries and electrochemical energy storage devices is reliant on materials and printing methods that are co‐operatively informed by device design. Herein, the material and method requirements in 3D‐printable batteries and supercapacitors are addressed and requirements for the future of the field are outlined by linking existing performance limitations to requirements for printable energy‐storage materials, casings, and direct printing of electrodes and electrolytes. A guide to materials and printing method choice best suited for alternative‐form‐factor energy‐storage devices to be designed and integrated into the devices they power is thus provided.
Luminescent Quantum Dots from Nonluminescent 2D Pyrediyne for Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Arya Jyothibabu Sajila , Prabakaran Palani , Kannan Ramya , Prasad Edamana , Sankararaman Sethuraman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPyrediyne is one of the recent entries to carbon‐based 2D material series with better electronic and charge transport properties compared to graphdiyne. Herein, the preparation of pyrediyne‐based quantum dots (PDYQDs), with tunable emission, from nonluminescent 2D precursor pyrediyne is investigated. As‐prepared PDYQDs are characterized by various microscopic as well as spectroscopic techniques such as high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization, UV‐visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The simple preparatory method and absence of heavy metal or external passivating agents make this pyrene‐containing QDs unique. Moreover, the tunable emission (410–548 nm), notable photoluminescence quantum yield (23%), and negligible cytotoxicity of PDYQDs are explored for bioimaging in MCF7 breast cancer cells. The findings in the present study are encouraging to explore novel carbon‐based QDs from their 2D counterparts to enhance their applications in various biological and optoelectronic devices.
Smart Superhydrophobic Films with Self‐Sensing and Anti‐Icing Properties Based on Silica Nanoparticles and Graphene
Authors: Chu Zhenming , Jiao Weicheng , Huang Yifan , Yan Meiling , Zheng Yongting , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs one of the major passive anti‐icing method, superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted extensive attentions to solve the icing problem. Self‐sensing properties of multifunctional superhydrophobic materials broaden the application prospects such as anti‐icing detection. Here, 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) modified graphene based micronano hierarchical structure films are prepared, which exhibit superior superhydrophobic characteristics with the water contact angle (WCA) of 152.1° and sliding angle (SA) of 2.3° under the temperature of −10 °C and condensation. The dynamic impact and bounce process of supercooled droplets on micronano hierarchical structure film indicates excellent anti‐icing performance. More importantly, the prepared superhydrophobic film can rapidly sense the impacting droplets of different falling heights and sizes, and record the entire process of water droplets freezing. This research is of great significance for the research of real‐time anti‐icing and low‐temperature self‐sensing.
Strengthening of Titanium by Equal Channel Angular Pressing ‐ Impact on Oxide Layer Properties of Pure Titanium and Ti6Al4V
Authors: Franz Melanie , Mingler Bernhard , Krystian Maciej , Sajti Laszlo , Pohl Darius , Rellinghaus Bernd , Wolf‐Brandstetter Cornelia , Scharnweber Dieter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEqual channel angular pressing (ECAP) as a method applicable to large samples for strengthening metallic materials via severe plastic deformation has recently attracted considerable interest. For biomedical applications, ECAP‐treated pure titanium is a promising alternative for implants subjected to high mechanical loads as it contains no potentially cytotoxic alloying elements. The consequences of an ECAP treatment for the physico‐chemical properties of the air formed passive layers of pure or alloyed titanium, which are of the utmost importance for the biological response to these materials, are studied here for the first time. This includes mechanical, electron microscopic, and electrochemical investigations in protein containing media to study the reactions that occur immediately after implantation in the phase boundary between implant and biological system. The ECAP treatment results in a positive shift of the flatband potential and a particularly strong increase of the donor density for the native oxide layers. This is associated with increased electronic conductivity of the oxide layers under anodic polarization.
Electrically Tunable Printed Bifocal Liquid Crystal Microlens Arrays
Authors: Kamal Waqas , Lin Jia‐De , Elston Steve J. , Ali Taimoor , Castrejón‐Pita Alfonso A. , Morris Stephen M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this communication, the fabrication of electrically tunable bifocal liquid crystal (LC) microlenses using drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing is demonstrated. By treating the glass substrate with a homeotropic alignment layer, the printed droplets are found to form plano‐convex lenses with focal lengths in the range of 220–463 µm, depending upon the number of droplets deposited at each location on the substrate. The precision of the process allows for the microlenses to be deposited in between in‐plane indium tin oxide electrodes. In the presence of a high amplitude electric field, the director within the LC droplets is observed to align with the direction of the applied field, but without any accompanying distortion in the droplet profile. However, these changes in the LC director alignment are found to result in a bifocal behavior rather than a continuous change in the focal length. It is also found that there exists a range of voltages for which two focal planes are observed.
Fabrication of Orderly Porous Anodic Alumina Optical Waveguide Sensor via Interface Hydrophilic Treatment for the Detection of Small and Large Molecules
Authors: Wang Guiqiang , Wang Chunnan , Shao Ruomei , Sun Shuqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an orderly porous anodic alumina (PAA) optical waveguide sensor is presented with a simple and low‐cost fabrication method. Both the gold film and PAA film undergo interface hydrophilic treatment. The refractive index (RI) sensitivity and resolution for the first order of transverse magnetic (TM1) mode reached 64.67 deg RIU−1 and 1.73 × 10−6 RIU, respectively. Small and large molecules are used to verify its sensing feasibility. For the detection of small molecule, the glucose molecule is used and its limit of detection (LOD) of 39.03 mg L−1, that is 0.22 × 10−3 m, is achieved. In addition, bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used as a model of large molecule to adsorb onto the surface of PAA film due to the characteristic of BSA molecule. The results show that the adsorption of BSA onto the PAA surface belongs to 1:1 model of Langmuir adsorption and the LOD reached 2.67 × 10−12 m based on the threefold standard deviation theory and Langmuir fitting. Further, in the experiment of fluorescence enhancement, the LOD as low as 770.72 × 10−15 m for BSA/Cy5 is obtained, owing to the high adsorption capacity of PAA nanostructure and field enhancement of the PAA waveguide.
Safety Assessment of Microneedle Technology for Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Review
Authors: Zhu Dan Dan , Zhang Xiao Peng , Zhang Bao Li , Hao Yu Ying , Guo Xin Dong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe promising development of the microneedle (MN) drug delivery system has prompted its clinical application as a substitute for traditional hypodermic injection needles. In addition to the satisfactory MN technology design for various application prospects, safety issues during MN use are increasingly an important consideration. This review aims to gather data from published literature regarding safety evaluations on MNs in relation to pain, skin irritation, in vivo degradation, as well as storage stability. By analyzing the existing testing methods and the safety performance of MNs, the description of MN safety is updated as painless, minimally invasive, and stable during storage. However, the development of MNs that can degrade in a human body should be addressed to accelerate clinical applications.
Structural Basis of Human Helicase DDX21 in RNA Binding, Unwinding, and Antiviral Signal Activation
Authors: Chen Zijun , Li Zhengyang , Hu Xiaojian , Xie Feiyan , Kuang Siyun , Zhan Bowen , Gao Wenqing , Chen Xiangjun , Gao Siqi , Li Yang , Wang Yongming , Qian Feng , Ding Chen , Gan Jianhua , Ji Chaoneng , Xu Xue‐Wei , Zhou Zheng , Huang Jinqing , He Housheng Hansen , Li Jixi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRNA helicase DDX21 plays vital roles in ribosomal RNA biogenesis, transcription, and the regulation of host innate immunity during virus infection. How DDX21 recognizes and unwinds RNA and how DDX21 interacts with virus remain poorly understood. Here, crystal structures of human DDX21 determined in three distinct states are reported, including the apo‐state, the AMPPNP plus single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA) bound pre‐hydrolysis state, and the ADP‐bound post‐hydrolysis state, revealing an open to closed conformational change upon RNA binding and unwinding. The core of the RNA unwinding machinery of DDX21 includes one wedge helix, one sensor motif V and the DEVD box, which links the binding pockets of ATP and ssRNA. The mutant D339H/E340G dramatically increases RNA binding activity. Moreover, Hill coefficient analysis reveals that DDX21 unwinds double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) in a cooperative manner. Besides, the nonstructural (NS1) protein of influenza A inhibits the ATPase and unwinding activity of DDX21 via small RNAs, which cooperatively assemble with DDX21 and NS1. The structures illustrate the dynamic process of ATP hydrolysis and RNA unwinding for RNA helicases, and the RNA modulated interaction between NS1 and DDX21 generates a fresh perspective toward the virus–host interface. It would benefit in developing therapeutics to combat the influenza virus infection.
Ultrawide Temperature Range with Stable Permittivity and Low Dielectric Loss in (1 − x)[0.90Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.10BiAlO3]‐xNaNbO3 System
Authors: Ren Pengrong , Wang Jiale , He Jiaojiao , Wang Yike , Yuan Hai , Hao Yun , Frömling Till , Wan Yuhui , Shi Yonggui , Zhao Gaoyang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐temperature capacitors have become an important research topic recently as commercially available capacitors cannot fulfill the new requirements from industry. In this work, a new ceramic ternary system (1 − x)[0.9Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.1BiAlO3]‐xNaNbO3 is introduced, and the effects of NaNbO3 concentration on macroscopic phase structure, locally disordered structure, dielectric properties, conduction properties, and energy storage properties are studied. At the optimum composition of x = 0.30, an ultrawide temperature range (−90 and 320 °C) covering both stable permittivity (Δε′/ε′25°C ≤ ± 15%) and low dielectric loss (tan δ ≤ 0.02) can be obtained. Additionally, this material has a high RC constant of 2.8 s and a high energy storage efficiency of 88% under the electric field of 60 kV cm−1 at room temperature. Therefore, this work provides a very promising candidate for dielectrics used in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) in an ultrawide operating temperature range.
Graphdiyne Ink for Ionic Liquid Gated Printed Transistor
Authors: Zhang Mingjia , Li Yuan , Li Xiaodong , Wang Naiyin , Huang Changshui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphdiyne‐based electronic devices have recently attracted a lot of research interest due to their excellent performance and promising application prospects in carbon electronics. Here, graphdiyne (GDY) inks are prepared by solution processing of newly grown GDY material, which is suitable for fabricating fully printed thin‐film field‐effect transistor (FET). An ionic liquid gate dielectric is used as a gate to maintain stable on/off ratios at different VSD compared to conventional SiO2 dielectric. Significantly, the GDY network combined with ionic liquid allows a general and cheap approach to achieve printed FET devices containing 2D carbon materials. Furthermore, a flexible FET on polyethylene terephthalate is developed, which still reaches a repeatable on/off ratio of more than 102. These results enable the design of wearable or large‐area carbon‐based electronics involving graphdiyne semiconductors, suggesting a promising new carbon material for novel electronic devices.
Mapping of Heterogeneous Catalyst Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Cheng Lei , Khedekar Kaustubh , Rezaei Talarposhti Morteza , Perego Andrea , Metzger Michael , Kuppan Saravanan , Stewart Sarah , Atanassov Plamen , Tamura Nobumichi , Craig Nathan , Zenyuk Iryna V. , Johnston Christina M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPt catalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells degrade heterogeneously as the catalyst particles are exposed to local variations throughout the catalyst layer during operation. State‐of‐the‐art analytical techniques for studying degradation of Pt catalysts do not possess fine spatial resolution to elucidate such non‐uniform degradation behavior at a large electrode level. A new methodology is developed to spatially resolve and quantify the heterogeneous Pt catalyst degradation over a large area (several cm2) of aged MEAs based on synchrotron X‐ray microdiffraction. PEFC single cells are aged using voltage cycling as an accelerated stress test and the degradation heterogeneity at a micrometer length scale is visualized by mapping Pt catalyst particle size after voltage cycling. It is demonstrated in detail that the Pt catalyst particle size growth is non‐uniform and follows the flow field geometry. The Pt particle size growth is greater in the area under the flow field land, while it is minimal in the area under the flow field channel. Additional non‐uniformity is observed with the Pt particle size increasing more rapidly at the air outlet area than the Pt particle size at the inlet area.
Ruxolitinib combined with etanercept induce a rapid response to corticosteroid‐refractory severe acute graft vs host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Results of a multi‐center prospective study
Authors: Zhao Yanmin , Wu Hengwei , Shi Jimin , Luo Yi , Li Xiaoqing , Lan Jianping , Ni Wanmao , Lu Ying , Chen Lieguang , Tan Yamin , Lai Xiaoyu , Yu Jian , Huang He 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAbout half of patients with severe acute graft vs host disease (aGVHD) show resistance to treatment with first‐line steroids. We enrolled 64 patients with grades III‐IV SR‐aGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT), to assess the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of ruxolitinib and etanercept. The overall response rate was 87.5% (95% CI, 79.7%‐95.3%) at day 28 of the combination treatment, from which 73.4% reached complete response (CR). A marked reduction ≥75% in daily corticosteroid dosing was documented in 75.4% of patients at day 28. Delayed time from aGVHD to ruxolitinib (OR = 4.88, 95% CI, 0.98‐23.56), stages 3‐4 liver aGVHD (OR = 8.57, 95% CI, 0.96‐46.59) and gut Enterobacteriaceae colonization (OR = 12.39, 95% CI, 1.71‐59.77) were related to incomplete response. Grades 3/4 anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia and CMV‐reactivation were found in 29.7%, 26.6%, 39.1%, and 50.0% of patients, respectively. So, 25 (39.1%) experienced complications of severe infection ≥3 grade, in which pulmonary infections were most frequent (15/64, 23.4%). The 2‐year overall survival (OS) after the combination therapy was 61.2%. The 2‐year incidence of non‐relapse mortality and relapse of the underlying malignancy was 26.7% and 15.7%, respectively. Combined treatment with ruxolitinib and etanercept was very effective and relatively safe for severe aGVHD patients, while the various infection complications deserve more attention. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900024408).