bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Analysis in Agricultural Policies in Benin
Authors: Bio N’Goye Clotilde Gnon , Egah Janvier , Baco Mohamed Nasser 
Published: December 2020

Agriculture in Benin is confronted with new problems which require more sustainable and resilient strategies for its development. The question of its sustainability is thus at the center of agricultural policies. This study analyzed how issues of sustainability of farming systems are taken into account in argicultural policies frameworks. An analysis and review of the four main agricultural policy documents adopted over the last thirty years being completed to assess the measures taken to ensure the sustainability of farms. It emerges that agricultural policies do not integrate into their framework the pillars on which the development of sustainable agriculture is based. However, in their implementation, they have been strongly oriented towards the pursuit of economic and social objectives, which is reflected in the will to improve the productivity and attractiveness of the agricultural sector. However, the lack of long-term strategies, the lack of coherence between policies and the dependence on the international political context has not allowed interventions in the agricultural sector to be placed in a sustainable perspective.
Selectieve betalingen in het zicht van (mogelijke) insolventie – ruim baan voor de bestuurder?
Authors: Linskens L.M. , van Thiel S.C.M. 
Published: December 2020

Selectieve betalingen in het zicht van (mogelijke) insolventie – ruim baan voor de bestuurder?
Een bestuurder van een bv of nv wordt in tijden van financiële krapte veel vrijheid gegund om zelf te bepalen welke schuldeisers hij wel en welke hij (nog) niet voldoet. Deze vrijheid wordt slechts begrensd door de wet (pauliana) en door de jurisprudentie omtrent selectieve betalingen. Op grond van die jurisprudentie is een bestuurder die in een situatie waarin er blijvend meer schulden dan middelen zijn gelieerde crediteuren boven andere crediteuren behandelt, in beginsel persoonlijk aansprakelijk jegens die andere crediteuren. In de literatuur is bepleit dat deze ‘in beginsel’-regel zou moeten gelden voor alle betalingen die een bestuurder verricht nadat het faillissement van de vennootschap onvermijdelijk is geworden. Uit het arrest Ingwersen q.q./Kromme Leek c.s., dat eerder dit jaar werd gewezen, volgt dat de Hoge Raad hier echter geen aanleiding voor zag. In deze bijdrage staat de vraag centraal of dit betekent dat de Hoge Raad de bestuurder zelfs in een dergelijke situatie nog ruim baan geeft om zijn eigen keuzes te maken. Aan het einde wordt bezien hoe de lagere jurisprudentie tot nu toe hierop heeft gereageerd.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards the Density of Aedes Larvae in a Tourist Destination in Bali
Authors: Purnama Sang Gede , Susanna Dewi , Kardiwinata Made Pasek , Purnama I. Gede Herry , Subrata I. Made 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The lack of information can affect the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for dengue control. The purpose of this study was to measure knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the larvae density of Aedes sp.
Study Design: This study used a cross-sectional design by sampling as many as 250 households. Data measurements were carried out quantitatively using questionnaires and direct observation. Results: The variable knowledge, attitudes, practices, family income, and door-to-door health promotion associated with Aedes larvae density. People who eradicated mosquito breeding sites were mothers (74.4%), draining mosquito breeding sites routinely once a week (43%). The media favored direct counseling (53%), television as much as (34%). The preferred electronic media was interactive interviews (78.8%). The Aedes sp entomology survey results were house index (HI): 31.2%, container index (CI): 20.4%, and breteau index (BI): 103.6%.
Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, practice, family income, and door-to-door health promotion variables were associated with the density of Aedes larvae. Education programs in the community could increase awareness of controlling dengue vectors.
Effect of Time Factor on the Battery Voltage State of Charge from Foot Beats Piezoelectric System
Authors: Nworji Godwin Chukwunonyelum , Okpala Uche V. , Okereke Ngozi Agatha , Okoye Peter Uchenna 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The study examined the effect of time on amount of voltage generated in a foot beat electricity generating system stored in a battery.
Study Design: A system made of piezoelectric materials was designed such that the foot beats of dancers on a platform would cause a mechanical deformation that would lead to conversion of mechanical energy due to pressure from the foot beats to electrical energy; and can be stored in a rechargeable lead acid battery for future use.
Place and Duration of Study: Awka Anambra State, Nigeria, between November 2018 and April 2020.
Methodology: A sheet of plywood measuring 300 mm x 300 mm x 3 mm thick was placed on a hard wooden board of 300 mm x 300 mm x 25 mm thick where twelve piezoelectric sensors were connected in series with foam spring inserted as separators and to aid in returning after deformation. As the dancers step on the platform, multimeter was used to take the voltage and current readings, while Lead acid rechargeable battery could be connected at the output point to store energy generated in the system and or Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and Universal Serial Bus (USB) outputs. A stop clock was also used to take the time.
Results: The study revealed that it would require 901 seconds for a 50kg dancer to increase a unit voltage state of charge in a battery. It also found that it would require 749 seconds for a 60 kg dancer; and 595 seconds for an 80kg dancer respectively to increase the same 1-unit voltage state of charge in a battery. The study showed that the voltage in the battery would continue to increase until the battery is fully charged at which point it is expected that there would no longer be any increase in charge in the battery irrespective of increase in the number of foot beats or time.
Conclusion: The result implies that the charge in battery caused by pressure from the foot beats is subject to the maximum voltage capacity of the battery in the system. Likewise, the amount of time and number of foot beats required to add a unit voltage state of charge in a battery in the system is subject to the applied pressure from the foot beats. In view of this, the study craves for popularisation of this technology through large scale research supported by government, corporate organisations or international organisations and institutions that will support new products development in the building and construction industry as it is the case in India and other developed countries.
Consumption of Comfortable Foods by Urban Adolescents in Different Socio-Economic Categories
Authors: Chhabra Isha , Kaur Harpreet , Jain Shruti 
Published: December 2020

Comfortable foods are chemically processed and made from heavily refined ingredients and artificial additives. These foods are manufactured and distributed in ways that encourage consumption. This study focused on adolescents since they have greater access to comfortable foods, are more free and lesser concerned for their health. Fewer studies have been conducted on adolescents but in present scenario they are more inclined towards unhealthy eating behaviors. Therefore, the present study after careful considerations was attempted to assess the consumption of comfortable foods by urban adolescents in different socio-economic categories. Two hundred subjects in the age group of 16 to 18 years were purposely selected in equal number in the ratio of 1:1 of boys and girls. Findings revealed that majority belonged to high socioeconomic status whereas 52% boys and 44% girls belonged to low socioeconomic status. Respondents from the entire income category mostly consumed comfortable foods because it was either liked by them or they found it good in taste. Consumption of all the comfortable foods was found to be significantly (p≤0.05, p≤0.01) higher in adolescents who had high income and greater access of these food products. Significant difference was observed in the mean values of consumption of comfortable foods by all the adolescents in different socioeconomic categories.
Some Size Biased Probability Models for Adult out Migration Pattern
Authors: Singh Brijesh P. , Singh Sandeep , Das Utpal Dhar , Singh Gunjan 
Published: December 2020

In this paper an attempt has been made to inspect the distribution of the number of adult migrants from household through size biased probability models based on certain assumptions. Size Biased Poisson distribution compounded with various forms of Gamma distribution i.e. Gamma (1,θ) , Gamma (2,θ) and mixture of Gamma (1,θ) and Gamma (2,θ) has been examined for some real data set of adult migration. The parameters of the proposed model have been estimated by method of maximum likelihood. test indicates that the distributions proposed here are quite satisfactory to explain the pattern of adult out migration.
Effects of Berberine on Bloog Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin A1, Serum Insulin, C–Peptide, Insulin Resistance and β– Cell Physiology
Authors: Khoharo Haji Khan , Shaikh Din Muhammad , Nizamani Ghulam Shah , Shaikh Tariq Zaffar , Ujjan Ikramuddin , Uqaili Arslan Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Determine effects of berberine (BBR) on bloog glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1, serum insulin, C – peptide, insulin resistance and β– cell physiology.
Study Design: Experimental study
Place and Duration: Department of Physiology Isra University and Animal house of Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam from August 2019 to February 2020.
Methodology: A sample of 100 adult Wistar male rats was selected according to criteria of study and divided into 5 groups through random technique. Group A – negative controls (N/S 0.9%), Group B – positive control (diabetic rats – Alloxan 120 mg/kg) (i.p), Group C – E; Diabetic rat + BBR (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) respectively. Blood samples were collected from retro-orbital venous plexus by capillary tube. Sera were separated at 3000 rpm (15 minutes). Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β – cell secretory activity (HOMA-β) were calculated by mathematical formula. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 21.0 (IBM, incorporation, USA) at 95% CI (P≤ 0.05).
Results: The present study noted significant improvement of fasting and random blood glucose, glycated HbA1, serum insulin and C –peptide, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β – cell physiology.
Conclusion: Berberine (BBR) ameliorates the bloog glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1, serum insulin, c – peptide, insulin resistance and β– cell physiology.
Lower limit of iron quantification using dual‐energy CT — a phantom study
Authors: Jiang Xia , Hintenlang David E. , White Richard D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeDual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) has been proposed for quantification of hepatic iron concentration (IC). However, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) has not been established, limiting the clinical adoption of this technology. In this study, we aim to (a) establish the LLOQ using phantoms and (b) investigate the effects of patient size, dose level, energy combination, and reconstruction method.MethodsThree phantom sizes and eight vials of ferric nitrate solution with IC ranging from 0 to 10 mg/ml were used. DECT scans were performed at 80/140 and 100/140Sn kVp, and using five different levels of CT dose index (CTDI). An image‐domain three‐material‐decomposition algorithm was used to calculate the IC. The LLOQ was determined based on the coefficient of variation from repeated measurements.ResultsThe measured IC correlated strongly with the true IC in the small and medium phantoms (R2 of linear regression > 0.99) and moderately in the large phantom (0.8 < R2<0.9). The LLOQ improved with increased CTDI. At 30 mGy, the LLOQ was found to be 0.50/1.73/6.25 mg/ml in the small/medium/large phantoms, respectively. 80/140Sn kVp resulted in superior LLOQ for all phantom sizes compared to 100/140Sn kVp, primarily due to the difference in their iron enhancement ratios (1.94 and 1.55, respectively). Iterative reconstruction was found to further improve the LLOQ (by ~ 11%), whereas reconstruction kernel smoothness had negligible effect. The LLOQ of iron was significantly higher than that of iodine due to its lack of a useful k‐edge and lower enhancement ratio.ConclusionIron quantification at clinically important levels was achieved in a small‐ and a medium‐sized phantom using DECT, but proved challenging in a large phantom. Wide spectral separation and accurate calibration were found to be critical to the success of the technology.
Wearable Biosensors for Body Computing
Authors: Lin Yuanjing , Bariya Mallika , Javey Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe challenges of growing and aging populations combined with limited clinical resources have created huge demand for wearable and portable healthcare devices. Research advances in wearable biosensors have made it easier to achieve reliable noninvasive monitoring of health and body status. In this review, recent progress in the development of body computing systems for personalized healthcare is presented, with key considerations and case studies. Critical form factors for wearable sensors, their materials, structures, power sources, modes of data communication, and the types of information they can extract from the body are summarized. Statistically meaningful data analysis considerations, including using cohort and longitudinal correlation studies, are reviewed to understand how raw sensor signals can provide actionable information on the state of the body. This informs discussions on how collected sensor data can be used for personalized and even preventative care, such as by guiding closed‐loop medical interventions. Finally, outstanding challenges for making wearable sensor systems reliable, practical, and ubiquitous are considered in order to disrupt traditional medical paradigms with personalized and precision care.
Boosting Zn2+ and NH4+ Storage in Aqueous Media via In‐Situ Electrochemical Induced VS2/VOx Heterostructures
Authors: Yu Dongxu , Wei Zhixuan , Zhang Xinyuan , Zeng Yi , Wang Chunzhong , Chen Gang , Shen Ze Xiang , Du Fei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAqueous‐ion batteries have received much attention owing to the merits of high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Among potential cathode candidates, transition metal sulfides drew little attention since they suffer from low capacity, low working potential, and fast capacity fading. Here, advantage is taken of the chemical instability of VS2 in aqueous electrolyte to in situ fabricate a heterostructural VS2/VOx material. Benefiting from the internal electric field at heterointerfaces, high conductivity of vanadium sulfide and high chemical stability of vanadium oxides, heterostructural VS2/VOx delivers an enhanced working potential by 0.25 V, superior rate capability with specific capacity of 156 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1, and long‐term stability over 3000 cycles as Zn2+ storage electrode. In addition, heterostructural VS2/VOx is employed as the cathode for aqueous NH4+ ion storage with high reversible capacity over 150 mA h g−1 and long lifespan over 1000 cycles, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art materials. VS2/VOx is proved to demonstrate a (de)intercalation process for Zn2+ storage, while a conversion reaction accompanied by insertion is responsible for nonmetal NH4+. The strong insight obtained in this study sheds light on a new methodology of exploring the potential of transition metal sulfides‐based cathode materials for aqueous ion batteries.
A Monochloro Copper Phthalocyanine Memristor with High‐Temperature Resilience for Electronic Synapse Applications
Authors: Zhou Jia , Li Wen , Chen Ye , Lin Yen‐Hung , Yi Mingdong , Li Jiayu , Qian Yangzhou , Guo Yun , Cao Keyang , Xie Linghai , Ling Haifeng , Ren Zhongjie , Xu Jiangping , Zhu Jintao , Yan Shouke , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMemristors are considered to be one of the most promising device concepts for neuromorphic computing, in particular thanks to their highly tunable resistive states. To realize neuromorphic computing architectures, the assembly of large memristive crossbar arrays is necessary, but is often accompanied by severe heat dispassion. Organic materials can be tailored with on‐demand electronic properties in the context of neuromorphic applications. However, such materials are more susceptible to heat, and detrimental effects such as thermally induced degradation directly lead to failure of device operation. Here, an organic memristive synapse formed of monochloro copper phthalocyanine, which remains operational and capable of memristive switching at temperatures as high as 300 °C in ambient air without any encapsulation, is demonstrated. The change in the electrical conductance is found to be a result of ion movement, closely resembling what takes place in biological neurons. Furthermore, the high viability of this approach is showcased by demonstrating flexible memristors with stable switching behaviors after repeated mechanical bending as well as organic synapses capable of emulating a trainable and reconfigurable memristor array for image information processing. The results set a precedent for thermally resilient organic synapses to impact organic neuromorphic devices in progressing their practicality.
Fine‐Tuning Au@Pd Nanocrystals for Maximum Plasmon‐Enhanced Catalysis
Authors: Yong Zijun , Shi Qianqian , Fu Runfang , Cheng Wenlong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCore–shell nanocrystals with plasmonic metals as cores and catalytic metals as shells, have recently received considerable attention due to their enhanced catalytic properties under visible light irradiation. However, it remains illusive how sizes/shapes of cores and shells influence catalytic efficiency. Here, using Au@Pd nanocrystals as a model system, key parameters including Au core size/shape and Pd shell thickness are scrutinized to systematically examine how they influence reaction rate. The comparison is based on normalizing Pd amount, which is important from economics standpoint. The results show that the reaction rate decreases with the increase in shell thickness. With the fixed shell thickness, the maximum reaction rate occurs in the smallest core. Among four different core shapes (nanocube, nanorod, nanohexagon, and nanostar), Au@Pd nanorods display the highest reaction rate and the highest plasmonic enhancement factor. These findings may provide a rational route to screen desired plasmonic nanocatalyst with a balanced consideration of efficiency and economics.
Capillary Stamping of Functional Materials: Parallel Additive Substrate Patterning without Ink Depletion
Authors: Runge Mercedes , Hübner Hanna , Grimm Alexander , Manoharan Gririraj , Wieczorek René , Philippi Michael , Harneit Wolfgang , Meyer Carola , Enke Dirk , Gallei Markus , Steinhart Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatterned substrates for optics, electronics, sensing, lab‐on‐chip technologies, bioanalytics, clinical diagnostics as well as translational and personalized medicine are typically prepared by additive substrate manufacturing including ballistic printing and microcontact printing. However, ballistic printing (e.g., ink jet and aerosol jet printing, laser‐induced forward transfer) involves serial pixel‐by‐pixel ink deposition. Parallel additive patterning by microcontact printing is performed with solid elastomeric stamps suffering from ink depletion after a few stamp‐substrate contacts. The throughput limitations of additive state‐of‐the art patterning thus arising may be overcome by capillary stamping –parallel additive substrate patterning without ink depletion by mesoporous silica stamps, which enable ink supply through the mesopores anytime during stamping. Thus, either arrays of substrate‐bound nanoparticles or colloidal nanodispersions of detached nanoparticles are accessible. Three types of model inks are processed: 1) drug solutions, 2) solutions containing metallopolymers and block copolymers as well as 3) nanodiamond suspensions representing colloidal nanoparticle inks. Thus, aqueous colloidal nanodispersions of stamped drug nanoparticles, regularly arranged ceramic nanoparticles by post‐stamping pyrolysis of stamped metallopolymeric precursor nanoparticles and regularly arranged nanodiamond nanoaggregates are obtained. Capillary stamping may overcome the throughput limitations of state‐of‐the‐art additive substrate manufacturing while a broad range of different inks can be processed.
Nanoscale Thickness Control of Nanoporous Films Derived from Directionally Photopolymerized Mesophases
Authors: Imran Omar Q. , Kim Na Kyung , Bodkin Lauren N. , Dwulet Gregory E. , Feng Xunda , Kawabata Kohsuke , Elimelech Menachem , Gin Douglas L. , Osuji Chinedum O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe preparation of thin films of nanostructured functional materials is a critical step in a diverse array of applications ranging from photonics to separation science. New thin‐film fabrication methods are sought to harness the emerging potential of self‐assembled nanostructured materials as next‐generation membranes. Here, the authors show that nanometer‐scale control over the thickness of self‐assembled mesophases can be enacted by directional photopolymerization in the presence of highly photo‐attenuating molecular species. Metrology reveals average film growth rates below ten nanometers per second, indicating that high‐resolution fabrication is possible with this approach. The trends in experimental data are reproduced well in numerical simulations of mean‐field frontal photopolymerization modeled in a highly photo‐attenuating and photo‐bleaching medium. These simulation results connect the experimentally observed nanometer‐scale control of film growth to the strong photo‐attenuating nature of the mesophase, which originates from its high‐aromatic‐ring content. Water permeability measurements conducted on the fabricated thin films show the expected linear scaling of permeability with film thickness. Film permeabilities compare favorably with current state‐of‐the‐art nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, suggesting that the current approach may be utilized to prepare new nanoporous membranes for such applications.
Dielectric Metasurface from Solution‐Phase Epitaxy of ZnO Nanorods for Subtractive Color Filter Application
Authors: Liu Hongjun , Quan Dunhang , Li Ke , Zheng Yini , Lou Fei , Liu Song , Liu Yanjun , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Li Guixin , Qiu Chengfeng , Liu Zhaojun , Cheng Xing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, metasurfaces have received considerable attention owing to their versatile range of applications. However, in the case of metal‐oxide‐based dielectric metasurfaces, the difficulty and cost of a conventional top‐down nano‐fabrication process largely hinder their applications. In this work, a fabrication method is proposed for dielectric metasurfaces based on the solution‐phase epitaxy of ZnO nanorods. Using this method, precise control of the size and position of the synthesized ZnO nanostructures is achieved. Furthermore, a functional subtractive color filter is also designed and fabricated using this approach. The diameters of the synthesized ZnO nanorods range from 180 to 320 nm, and the subtractive color filter exhibits a wide color tuning ability from yellow to magenta to cyan. Such solution‐based bottom‐up fabrication of ZnO nanorods eliminates the need for dry etching, and demonstrates the potential to grow high‐aspect‐ratio ZnO nanostructures for efficient dielectric metasurfaces.