bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin-D in Nepal: are we really vitamin-D deficient?
Authors: Chandra Avinash , Pant Basant , Rajbhandari Reema , Gajuryal Sharad , Shrestha Pranay , Acharya Samir , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Shrestha Resha , Dahal Sujat 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently, there have been a surge in research worldwide regarding relation of vitamin D with several diseases. Many neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease as well as other diseases like cardiovascular disease have shown positive correlation with vit. D deficiency measured according to the international level. Most of the research on possible role of vitamin D has been carried out in America and European nations, while there is paucity of research in low- and middle-income nations (LMICS) that are nearer to the equatorial area. In countries like Nepal, geographically they lie near to the equator and sunlight exposure is well enough and milk consumption is quite moderate. Thus, special consideration for vitamin D level in Asian population seems plausible. This will not only help us to cover the vitamin D deficient population but will help us to avoid excessive and unnecessary usage of it.Objectives: This study aims to detect the situation of vitamin D in Nepalese population and secondly to find out the suitable normalized reference range for serum vitamin D in multi-ethnic Nepalese population.Methodology: This was a hospital based prospective study. A prospective study was conducted using purposive sampling technique with in-vivo and in vitro bio-physiological method to collect serum vitamin D level. After rigorous inclusive and exclusive criteria, a total of 107 subjects were collected.Result: The present study showed that 32% of participants had deficit serum Vitamin-D level (<15 ng/mL), 48% of subjects had insufficient serum level of Vitamin-D (15-<30ng/mL) and 20% of participants had sufficient serum level of Vitamin-D (>30ng/mL). Study showed that there is lower degree of positive relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI) with Serum Vitamin-D level (r=0.162, p=0.094), History of chronic illness (χ2=0.10, p=0.03), timing of occurrence of stroke (χ2=11.41,p=0.017) and diagnosis (χ2=21.19, p=0.011) had significant association with Serum vitamin-D level at p<0.05.Conclusion: There is direct significant association of Serum Vitamin D with socio-demographic variables when international unit is considered. Neurological disorder showed positive association with serum vitamin D level.
Road safety situation of courier and take-out food delivery electric bike riders: a cross-sectional study in one municipality in China
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Jiang Guohong , Neitzel Richard L. , Zheng Wenlong , Wang Dezheng , Xue Xiaodan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background To observe road traffic violation behaviors among courier and take-out food delivery electric bike rider and to characterize road traffic injuries occurred in this occupational population. Methods A cross-sectional field study including roadside observational data collection and face-to-face interviews was conducted by retrospective response through street intercept. Results 600 target populations were observed, and 480 were interviewed. The rate of over speed was 91.3%, and windshield use during winter was 91.2%. Traffic rule violations included riding in the motor vehicle lane (32.8%), not waiting behind the white line at a red light (23.3%), and using a cell phone when riding (21.2%). Helmet use was significantly more common in daytime than night (P=0.028). About 46% rode e-bike more than 8 hours per day. 76% of interviewees had suffered a traffic crash. About 14% crashes happened in motor-vehicle lanes and 8% in sidewalks. A logistic regression analysis indicated that compared with uninjured riders, injured riders showed significantly greater odds ratios of unsafe behaviors for running red lights (OR=1.75), and a protective effect for wearing a helmet (OR=0.56). Discussion Road safety issues need to be addressed through establishment or improvement of e-bike legislation in this vulnerable occupational group.
Rapid review of COVID-19 epidemic estimation studies for Iran
Authors: Pourmalek Farshad , Hemami Mohsen Rezaei , Janani Leila , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To inform the researchers about the methodology and results of epidemic estimation studies performed for COVID-19 epidemic in Iran, we aimed to perform a rapid review.Methods: We searched for and included published articles, preprint manuscripts and reports that estimated numbers of cumulative or daily deaths or cases of COVID-19 in Iran. We found 23 articles or reports and included eight articles (four published, four preprints) and three reports.Results: The included studies provided outputs for a total of 45 study-scenarios. Seven studies used 3-4 compartmental disease models. At the end of month two of the epidemic (2020-04-19), the lowest (and highest) values of predictions were 3762 (97445) for cumulative deaths, 60720 (1489201) for cumulative cases, and at the end of month four (2020-06-20), were 86931 (3002721) for cumulative deaths, and 1602592 (2917927) for cumulative cases.Conclusions: Meticulousness and degree of details reported for disease modeling and statistical methods used in the included studies varied widely. Greater heterogeneity was observed regarding the results of predicted outcomes. Consideration of minimum and preferred reporting items in epidemic estimation studies might better inform future revisions of the available models and new models to be developed.
Interaction between Physical Activity and Problematic Mobile Phone Use on suicidality in Chinese College Students
Authors: Xie Yang , Zhu Ming , Wu Xiaoyan , Tao Shuman , Yang Yajuan , Li Tingting , Zou Liwei , Xu Honglv , Tao fangbiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous research has found a relationship between problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and suicidality. However, few studies have examined the interaction effects between low physical activity (PA) and PMPU on suicidality among college students. This study aimed to examine the interactions of PA and PMPU and their impact on suicidality in a school-based sample among Chinese college students.
Methods
Analysis is based on date from two university in China, which recruited 4,787 participants. Binomial logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of PA, PMPU with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, as well as the interaction of PA and PMPU with suicidality.
Results
The prevalence of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation were 3.5% and 7.2%, respectively. Low PA was significantly associated with suicide attempt (OR = 3.48, 95%CI: 2.52–4.81) and suicidal ideation (OR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.46–2.46). PMPU was significantly associated with suicide attempt (OR = 3.65, 95%CI: 2.66–5.01) and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.83, 95%CI: 2.25–3.54). Interaction analysis indicated that low PA and PMPU were interactively associated with suicide attempt (OR = 9.51, 95%CI: 6.15–14.73, P < 0.001), RERI = 4.85(1.20–8.50), AP = 0.51(0.29–0.73), SI = 2.32(1.34–4.04). There was no additive interaction effects between PA and PMPU on suicidal ideation.
Conclusions
The findings reveals that the intervention programs of suicide attempt should consider the students PA levels and PMPU.
Correlation Between Serum Parathormone Levels With Urinary Magnesium Excretion in Patients With Non-Dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Dias Raimunda Sheyla Carneiro , Brito Dyego José Araújo , Lages Joyce Santos , Santos Alcione Miranda , Santos Elisangela Milhomen , Costa Rayanna Cadilhe , Furtado Elane Viana , Santos Elton Jonh Freitas , Carneiro Erika Cristina , Fontenele Andrea Martins , Diniz Maria Célia , Barbosa Carla Déa , Muniz Alessandra Costa , França Ana Karina Teixeira , Salgado-Filho Natalino , Araújo Denizar Vianna , Bernardo-Filho Mario 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Disorders of mineral metabolism occur in most patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this work was to correlate serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with urinary magnesium excretion in patients with non-dialysis CKD. Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients with CKD undergoing non-dialysis treatment in stages 3A, 3B and 4. Concentrations of creatinine, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase were determined in blood samples. The assessment of urinary magnesium levels was performed by means of total daily excretion and by the excretion fraction (FEMg). Results: The study evaluated 163 patients with mean age of 60.7 ± 11.7 and 51.0% were male. A positive correlation was observed between PTH and alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.26; p = 0.006) and FEMg (r = 0.17; p = 0.020). Calcium (r = -0.23; p = 0.002), magnesium in 24-hour urine (r = -0.18; p = 0.020) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.47; p = 0.001) demonstrated negative correlation with PTH. Conclusion: Elevated levels of PTH correlated positively with FEMg, regardless of the presence of serum magnesium alterations, and FEMg can be used as another indicator for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.
A case of COVID - 19 with Imported Falciparum Malaria Infection is Reported
Authors: Zhu Mingchao , Zhu Ya , Zhang Jue , Liu Weiping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background During the COVID − 19 outbreak, limited medical resources in the short term and inadequate experience in dealing with major new public health events may lead to the neglect of some other infectious diseases, such as malaria, leading to the risk of the spread of infectious diseases.Therefore, it is particularly important to formulate classified guidance, take scientific prevention and control measures in a comprehensive manner, strengthen the screening of malaria patients and provide access to medical treatment during the outbreak.Methods Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for a falciparum malaria infection patient with laboratory-confirmed COVID − 19 pneumonia .Results Patient's serum novel coronavirus antibody tested positive for IgG and weakly positive for IgM that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2],the blood samples were classified as plasmodium falciparum by RT-PCR.Conclusions The patient when workers infected with p. falciparum in Africa, malaria recurrence after back to China, after antimalarial treatment in tianmen city first people's hospital, after an outbreak in wuhan will be coronavirus, and symptoms of COVID − 19, but soon be cured patients, to explore the diagnosis and treatment of antimalarial drugs in COVID − 19 patients with the role, for further in-depth study of COVID − 19 treatment provides a good example.
Construct Validity of the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 in a Ghanaian Population
Authors: Adua Eric , Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer , Frimpong Kwasi , Adama Esther , Karthigesu Shantha P. , Anto Enoch Odame , Aboagye Emmanuel , Yan Yuxiang , Wang Youxin , Tan Xuerui , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHS-Q-25) developed to measure suboptimal health status has been used worldwide, but its construct validity has only been tested in the Chinese population. In this article, we investigate aspects of the construct validity of the SHS-Q-25 to determine the interactions between SHS subscales in a Ghanaian population.MethodsThe study involved healthy Ghanaian participants (n = 263; aged 20-80 years; 63% female), who responded to the SHSQ-25. In an exploratory factor and parallel analysis, the study extracted a new domain structure and compared to the established five-domain structure of SHSQ-25. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and the fit of the model further discussed. Invariance analysis was carried out to establish the consistency of the instrument across multi-groups.ResultsThe extracted domains were reliable with Cronbach’s B of 0.861, 0.821 and 0.853 respectively, for fatigue, immune-cardiovascular and cognitive, confirming the construct validity of the SHSQ-25 instrument. The CFA revealed that the model fit indices were excellent a The fit indices for the three-domain model were statistically superior to the five-domain model. There were, however, issues of insufficient discriminant validity as some average variance extracts (AVE) were smaller than the corresponding maximum shared variance (MSV). The three-domain model was invariant for all constrained aspects of the structural model across age, which is an important risk factor for most chronic diseases.ConclusionThe validity tests provide evidence to endorse the credibility of the tool and suggest that the SHS-Q25 is robust tool for measuring SHS in a different population.
Human Trophoblasts-derived Exosomes Attenuate Doxorubicin Induced Cardiac Injury via Regulating Mir-200b and Downstream Zeb1
Authors: Ni Jie , Liu Yihai , Wang Kun , Zhang Wenfeng , Han Zhonglin , Gu Rong , Xu Biao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose:Human trophoblast stem cells (TSC)have been confirmed to play a cardioprotective role in heart failure. However, whether trophoblast stem cell derived exosomes (TSC-Exos) can protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin (Dox) induced injury remains unclear. Methods:In the present study, TSC-Exos were isolated from the supernatant of Human Trophoblasts using the ultracentrifugation method and characterized by transmission electron microscope and western blotting.In vitro, primary cardiomyocytes subjected to Dox were treated with TSC-Exos, miR-200b mimic or miR-200b inhibitor. Cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry and immunoblotting. In vivo, mice were intraperitoneally injected into Dox to establish a heart failure model. Then they received a tail injection of either PBS, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-vector, AAV-miR-200b-inhibitor or TSC-Exosfor different groups. Then cardiac function, cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis among groups were evaluated and downstream molecular mechanism was explored. Results: TSC-Exos and miR-200b inhibitor both decreased primary cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Similarly, mice receivingTSC-Exos andAAV-miR-200b-inhibitor have improved cardiac function, accompanied by reduced apoptosis and inflammation. Bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter results confirmed that Zeb1 was a downstream target of miR-200b, which had an antiapoptotic effect. Conclusion:TSC-ExosattenuatedDoxorubicin induced cardiac injury by playing an antiapoptosis and antiinflammation role. The underlying mechanism could be increased expression of Zeb1 by inhibiting miR-200b expression, due to the TSC-Exos treatment. This study sheds newlight on the application of MSC-Exo as a potential therapeutic tool for heart failure.
Non-contact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation
Authors: Jo Young Hoon , Hong Seonghyuk , Jo Seong Yeon , Kwon Yoon Mi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) digital technology is one of the most essential conservation methods that complements the traditional technique of the restoration of cultural artifacts. In this study, 3D scanning, virtual restoration modeling, and 3D printing were used as a non-contact approach for the restoration of a damaged stone seated Bodhisattva (stone Buddha statue). First, a three-dimensional model with an average point density of 0.2 mm was created by integrating the fixed high-precision scanning of the exterior and the handheld mid-precision scanning of the interior excavated hole. Through a 3D deterioration map of the stone Buddha statue, the area of the missing parts was measured as 400.1 cm 2 (5.5% of the total area). Moreover, 257.1 cm 2 (64.2% of the missing part area) of four parts such as the head, the surrounding area of the Baekho, the right ear, and the right eye, for which symmetry was applicable for modeling or there could be ascertainable historical evidence for the total missing parts, was selected for restoration. The virtual restoration of the missing parts of the stone Buddha statue was performed using a haptic modeling system in the following order. First, the location of the three fragments detached from the head was determined. Next, the reference model was selected, and its symmetrization and modification with respect to the original were conducted. Also, estimation modeling and outer shape description were performed through historical research and consultation with experts. The created virtual-restoration model’s (461 cm 3 ) heuristic-based assembly suitability was verified by design mock-up printing and digital–analog simulation. In particular, to address the assembly interference, the interface surface was modified and reprocessed several times. Accordingly, the final design mock-up’s volume size was decreased by 5.2% (437 cm 3 ). Photopolymerization 3D printing technology was used for the actual restoration of the stone Buddha statue and the layer thickness of the material used was set as 0.10 mm considering the surface roughness. Finally, the surface of the printed output was colored to prevent yellowing and joined to the missing part of the stone Buddha statue. This study presents a great case to shift from the traditional manual-contact method to the contactless digital method for the restoration of artifacts and is expected to largely contribute to increasing the usability of digital technologies in the restoration of cultural artifacts.
SARS-CoV2 drives JAK1/2-dependent local and systemic complement hyper-activation
Authors: Yan Bingyu , Freiwald Tilo , Chauss Daniel , Wang Luopin , West Erin , Bibby Jack , Olson Matthew , Kordasti Shahram , Portilla Didier , Laurence Arian , Lionakis Michail S , Kemper Claudia , Afzali Behdad , Kazemian Majid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with a range of devastating acute clinical manifestations affecting the lungs, liver, kidneys and gut. The best-characterized entry receptor for the disease-causing virus SARS-CoV2, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2, is highly expressed in these tissues. However, the pathways that underlie the disease are still poorly understood. Here we show that the complement system is unexpectedly one of the intracellular pathways most highly induced by SARS-CoV2 infection in lung epithelial and liver cells. Within cells of the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients, distinct signatures of complement activation in myeloid, lymphoid and epithelial cells tracked with disease severity. Modelling the regulome of host genes induced by COVID-19 and the drugs that could normalize these genes both implicated the JAK1/2-STAT1 signaling system downstream of type I interferon receptors, and NF-kB. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor and the top predicted pharmaceutical candidate, normalized interferon signature genes, IL-6 (the best characterized severity marker in COVID-19) and all complement genes induced by SARS-CoV2, but did not affect NF-kB-regulated genes. We predict that combination therapy with JAK inhibitors and other agents with the potential to normalize NF-kB-signaling, such as anti-viral agents, may serve as an effective clinical strategy.
Pneumothorax in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A real-world experience
Authors: Yamazaki Ryo , Nishiyama Osamu , Gose Kyuya , Saeki Sho , Sano Hiroyuki , Iwanaga Takashi , Tohda Yuji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Some patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) develop pneumothorax. However, the characteristics of pneumothorax in patients with IPF have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical course, actual management, and treatment outcomes of pneumothorax in patients with IPF.
Methods
Consecutive patients with IPF who were admitted for pneumothorax between January 2008 and December 2018 were included. The success rate of treatment for pneumothorax, hospital mortality, and recurrence rate after discharge were examined.
Results
During the study period, 36 patients with IPF were admitted with pneumothorax a total of 59 times. During the first admission, 15 patients (41.7%) did not receive chest tube drainage, but 21 (58.3%) did. Of the 21 patients, 8 (38.1%) received additional therapy after chest drainage. The respective treatment success rates were 86.6% and 66.7% in patients who underwent observation only vs chest tube drainage. The respective hospital mortality rates were 13.3% and 38.0%. The total pneumothorax recurrence rate after hospital discharge was 53.8% (n = 14).
Conclusions
Pneumothorax in patients with IPF was difficult to treat successfully, had a relatively poor prognosis, and showed a high recurrence rate.
In vivo antimalarial activity of crude fruit extract of Capsicum frutescens var. minima (Solanaceae) against Plasmodium berghei infected mice
Authors: Habte Getu , Assefa Solomon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The alarming spread of drug resistance to current antimalarial agents is threatening malaria controlling efforts. This, consequently, urged the scientific community to discover novel antimalarial drugs. Successful and most potent antimalarial drugs were obtained from medicinal plants. Capsicum frutescens is claimed to possess an antiplasmodial activity in Ethiopian and Ugandan folkloric medicine. However, there is lack of pharmacological evidence for its antiplasmodial activity. This study, hence, was aimed at evaluating the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of C. frutescens in mice model. Methods: The 4-day suppressive test was employed to ascertain the claimed antiplasmodial effect of the plant. Following inoculation with P. berghei , mice in treatment groups were provided with three dose levels (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the extract. Whereas, 2% Tween80 and chloroquine served as negative and positive control, respectively. Weight, temperature, packed cell volume, parasitemia and survival time were then monitored.Results: The oral acute toxicity study revealed that the crude extract caused no mortality and revealed no overt sign of toxicity. In 4-day suppressive test, all dose levels of the extract was found to exhibit a significant (p<0.05) inhibition of parasitemia compared to negative control. Maximum parasite suppression (93.28%) was exerted by the highest dose (400mg/kg/day) of extract. In addition, the extract significantly (p<0.05) prolonged survival time and prevented body weight loss, reduction in temperature and anemia compared to vehicle treated group.Conclusion: This investigation found a strong evidence that fruit extract of C. frutescens is endowed with a promising antiplasmodial activity. Hence, the plant could serve as a potential source of newer antimalarial agent.