bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genomic signature for accurate classification and prediction of clinical outcomes in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Mei , Wu Kuan-Han Hank , Trudeau Sheri , Jiang Margaret , Zhao Joe , Fan Elliott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTumor mutational burden (TMB) is associated with clinical response to immunotherapy, but application has been limited to a subset of cancer patients. We hypothesized that advanced machine-learning and proper modeling could identify mutations that classify patients most likely to derive clinical benefits. Training data: Two sets of public whole-exome sequencing (WES) data for metastatic melanoma. Validation data: One set of public non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) data. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) machine-learning and proper modeling were used to identify a set of mutations (biomarker) with maximum predictive accuracy (measured by AUROC). Kaplan–Meier and log-rank methods were used to test prediction of overall survival. The initial model considered 2139 mutations. After pruning, 161 mutations (11%) were retained. An optimal threshold of 0.41 divided patients into high-weight (HW) or low-weight (LW) TMB groups. Classification for HW-TMB was 100% (AUROC = 1.0) on melanoma learning/testing data; HW-TMB was a prognostic marker for longer overall survival. In validation data, HW-TMB was associated with survival (p = 0.0057) and predicted 6-month clinical benefit (AUROC = 0.83) in NSCLC. In conclusion, we developed and validated a 161-mutation genomic signature with “outstanding” 100% accuracy to classify melanoma patients by likelihood of response to immunotherapy. This biomarker can be adapted for clinical practice to improve cancer treatment and care.
Biology on track: single-molecule visualisation of protein dynamics on linear DNA substrates
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Spenkelink Lisanne M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques have become important tools in biological research to gain mechanistic insights into cellular processes. These tools provide unique access to the dynamic and stochastic behaviour of biomolecules. Single-molecule tools are ideally suited to study protein–DNA interactions in reactions reconstituted from purified proteins. The use of linear DNA substrates allows for the study of protein–DNA interactions with observation of the movement and behaviour of DNA-translocating proteins over long distances. Single-molecule studies using long linear DNA substrates have revealed unanticipated insights on the dynamics of multi-protein systems. In this review, we provide an overview of recent methodological advances, including the construction of linear DNA substrates. We highlight the versatility of these substrates by describing their application in different single-molecule fluorescence techniques, with a focus on in vitro reconstituted systems. We discuss insights from key experiments on DNA curtains, DNA-based molecular motor proteins, and multi-protein systems acting on DNA that relied on the use of long linear substrates and single-molecule visualisation. The quality and customisability of linear DNA substrates now allows the insertion of modifications, such as nucleosomes, to create conditions mimicking physiologically relevant crowding and complexity. Furthermore, the current technologies will allow future studies on the real-time visualisation of the interfaces between DNA maintenance processes such as replication and transcription.
Comparing Vocabulary Knowledge Conceptualizations Among Spanish–English Dual Language Learners in a New Destination State
Authors: Oh Min Hyun , Mancilla-Martinez Jeannette 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Despite the unprecedented growth of Spanish–English dual language learners (DLLs) in new destination states—where DLLs have not been historically served—empirical understanding of their language and literacy skills is scant. Drawing on scientific understandings of bilingual language acquisition, we compare monolingually scored and bilingually scored vocabulary knowledge of Spanish–English DLLs in a new destination state.

Method

Participants included second- and fourth-grade Spanish–English DLLs (
N
= 60) in a large urban school district in a new destination state. Students were considered DLLs if their parents indicated that Spanish was spoken at home to some extent. We utilized monolingually scored (Spanish-only and English-only) and bilingually scored (conceptual and total) conceptualizations of vocabulary knowledge. Descriptive analysis and Bonferroni-adjusted multiple comparisons were used to compare vocabulary knowledge by assessment approach (i.e., monolingual or bilingual), grade (i.e., second and fourth), and English proficiency status (i.e., limited English proficient and English proficient).

Results
Findings revealed that (a) DLLs, across grade levels and English proficiency status, demonstrated higher bilingual vocabulary scores compared to monolingual scores and stronger receptive vocabulary performance than expressive vocabulary performance and (b) DLLs' response patterns varied depending on the bilingual assessment approach used, with DLLs in limited English–proficient and English-proficient groups evidencing similar response patterns.

Conclusions
Bilingual scoring of vocabulary knowledge provides a more holistic understanding of elementary-aged DLLs' language skills. Results represent an important step toward shifting school-based assessment practices to incorporate comprehensive and equitable ways to conceptualize and measure elementary-aged Spanish–English DLLs' vocabulary knowledge.
Incidental Diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia in the Inpatient Setting: A Note to Raise Clinical Awareness
Authors: Chandregowda Adithya 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this report is to raise awareness among medical speech-language pathologists about challenges associated with encountering primary progressive aphasia patients in the acute hospital setting.

Method
Retrospective medical chart review.

Results
A 68-year-old woman was hospitalized for hyponatremia, pneumonia, and toxic-metabolic encephalopathy but was also noted to be suffering from chronic verbal difficulty for which medical attention was not sought previously. An interdisciplinary approach to address her verbal difficulty led to the diagnosis and initial management of a neurodegenerative disease characterized primarily by aphasia and apraxia of speech.

Conclusion
Service implementation lessons learned from this case study in terms of diagnosis and management and patient's illness experience are discussed.
Optimal setting of PV and battery energy storage in radial distribution systems using multi‐objective criteria with fuzzy logic decision‐making
Authors: Selim Ali , Kamel Salah , Jurado Francisco , Lopes Joao A. Peças , Matos Manuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMinimising the total power losses and enhancing the voltage profile is achieved using a proposed multi‐objective chaotic salp swarm algorithm with fuzzy logic decision‐making. The proposed multi‐objective chaotic salp swarm algorithm is utilised to determine the optimal size and location of photovoltaic in radial distribution system to minimise the total power losses, total voltage deviation, and maximise the voltage stability index. In addition, the proposed multi‐objective chaotic salp swarm algorithm is used to find suitable scheduling for battery energy storage charge/discharge during 24 h considering the intermittent nature of photovoltaic power generation. The proposed algorithm is tested on standard and practical radial distribution systems (IEEE 33‐bus and 94‐bus Portuguese systems). The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by comparing its results with those obtained by other competitive optimisation techniques. The obtained results prove the ability of the proposed algorithm to achieve an efficient setting for photovoltaics and battery energy storages and determine their optimal allocations in order to minimise the power losses and enhance the voltage profile with satisfying all operating constraints.
Breakdown voltage and thermal performance of nanofilled transformer oil considering natural and forced cooling systems
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed E. , El‐Behiry Samy M. , Hussien A. A. , Izzularab Mohamed A. , Abd‐Elhady Amr M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffect of adding nanofillers on transformer oil breakdown voltage and its thermal performance finds a great interest from researchers and scientists. The impact of oil circulation considering oil forced cooling method on nanoparticles stability in transformer oil is investigated. The stability is considered from breakdown voltage and thermal performance points of view. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are chosen due to the safety of TiO2 nanomaterial as well as its good performance. First, the optimal concentration of nanosized TiO2 at which maximum breakdown voltage of nanofilled transformer oil is determined and chosen to study the effect of oil circulation on breakdown voltage as well as thermal performance of nanofilled oil. Two reduced experimental models are designed. The first model consists of a galvanized steel tank containing TiO2‐nanofilled transformer oil, at the pre‐determined optimal concentration. This tank is designed to simulate the natural oil cooled transformer. However, the second model that uses a similar tank is designed to simulate a forced cooled transformer. This model consists of a tank containing TiO2‐nanofilled transformer oil, at the pre‐determined optimal concentration, and an oil pump. Breakdown voltage and thermal performance considering the two adapted models are measured in a time period of 60 days.
Tolerogenic nanoparticles suppress central nervous system inflammation
Authors: Kenison Jessica E. , Jhaveri Aditi , Li Zhaorong , Khadse Nikita , Tjon Emily , Tezza Sara , Nowakowska Dominika , Plasencia Agustin , Stanton Vincent P. , Sherr David H. , Quintana Francisco J. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Current treatments for autoimmune diseases rely on nonspecific immunosuppression, risking important complications and limiting the long-term use of these approaches for the treatment of chronic human autoimmunity. Thus, there is an unmet need for therapeutic approaches to reestablish immune tolerance in autoimmune disorders in an antigen-specific manner. Here, we describe a nanoliposome (NLP)-based platform for the induction of antigen-specific tolerance via the modulation of signaling by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. These NLPs suppress disease pathology and pathogenic autoimmunity in preclinical models of multiple sclerosis, providing a candidate antigen-specific therapeutic approach for the management of autoimmune disorders.
Anthropomorphic metaphors in wine discourse, with special reference to Japanese wine manga
Authors: Normand-Marconnet Nadine , Jones Jason Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWine discourse has been readily found in the forms of wine tasting notes, reviews, advertisements, poetry, and classical literature. The popularity of Japanese wine manga, however, introduces a new venue for wine discourse and vector along which academic analysis can be conducted. In this paper, we seek to expand upon prior research on wine semantics and wine discourse by applying the framework of Cultural Linguistics to the subgenre of wine manga. Based on an original, Japanese-French bilingual corpus developed from the graphic novelsSommelierandKami no Shizuku – each an epoch-making work, highly didactic in nature – our analysis focuses on the conceptual metaphorwine is a person. Results illustrate the Japanese authors’ contribution to the figurative language used in wine discourse. In other words, in Japan just as in France, wine is a person, and there is a shared cultural understanding of wine, or traits therein, being the embodiment of the human.
Äiwoo wâtu and the typology of comparatives
Authors: Næss Åshild 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper examines a comparative construction in the Oceanic language Äiwoo and argues that it differs from those known
in the typological literature on comparatives on two counts. It is similar to a so-called ‘exceed’ comparative in involving a
morpheme meaning ‘go far’; but unlike canonical exceed comparatives, the construction is intransitive, and the standard of
comparison is expressed as an oblique. Moreover, the standard is indicated not only by this oblique phrase but also by a directional marker
on the verb, in an extension of the frequent use of directionals in Äiwoo to indicate peripheral participants. This construction thus, on
the one hand, expands the established typology of comparative constructions; and on the other, shows that the use of directional morphemes
to indicate peripheral participants, otherwise attested e.g. for recipients of give verbs, may extend to the standard in
comparative constructions, pointing to an avenue for further typological exploration.
Mechanisms of laser energy absorption and melting behavior during selective laser melting of titanium-matrix composite: role of ceramic addition
Authors: Ge Qing , Gu Dongdong , Dai Donghua , Ma Chenglong , Sun Yixuan , Shi Xinyu , Li Yanze , Zhang Hongmei , Chen Hongyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The laser energy absorption and melting behavior of ceramic reinforced metal matrix composites during selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing are vital for the subsequent metallurgical behavior. In this study, the mesoscopic simulation was proposed to investigate the influence of ceramic addition on the laser energy absorption and powder melting behaviors during SLM of TiC/Ti6Al4V composites. As the addition of TiC particles increased from 0 wt.% to 5 wt.%, the packing density of composite powder increased from 2.357 g cm−3 to 2.588 g cm−3, while the hall velocity decreased from 36.00 s to 73.14 s, indicating the powder flowability decreased with the ceramic addition. Meanwhile, the number of laser-powder interactions increased from 1.267 × 106 to 1.626 × 106, thereby enhancing the laser multiple reflection phenomenon in the powder bed. The concentrated irradiance distribution on the metal powder was dispersed into the surrounding powder. The average irradiance intensity on TiC particles was continuously improved, which increased the overall laser absorptivity from 0.655 to 0.72, yielding an elevated maximum operating temperature within the molten pool from 3501 K to 3668 K. However, with the excessive addition of ceramics (5 wt.%), balls and trapped unmelted particles deteriorated the surface morphology of the melted track. It can be attributed to the high required energy for complete melted TiC and the elevated difficulty of completely wetting unmelted particles. These results provided the physical understanding of high-quality and defect-free components of SLM processed composite materials.
Two-photon interference: the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect
Authors: Bouchard Frédéric , Sit Alicia , Zhang Yingwen , Fickler Robert , Miatto Filippo M , Yao Yuan , Sciarrino Fabio , Karimi Ebrahim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nearly 30 years ago, two-photon interference was observed, marking the beginning of a new quantum era. Indeed, two-photon interference has no classical analogue, giving it a distinct advantage for a range of applications. The peculiarities of quantum physics may now be used to our advantage to outperform classical computations, securely communicate information, simulate highly complex physical systems and increase the sensitivity of precise measurements. This separation from classical to quantum physics has motivated physicists to study two-particle interference for both fermionic and bosonic quantum objects. So far, two-particle interference has been observed with massive particles, among others, such as electrons and atoms, in addition to plasmons, demonstrating the extent of this effect to larger and more complex quantum systems. A wide array of novel applications to this quantum effect is to be expected in the future. This review will thus cover the progress and applications of two-photon (two-particle) interference over the last three decades.
Solitary wave solutions of the 2+1 and 3+1 dimensional nonlinear Dirac equation constrained to planar and space curves
Authors: Cooper Fred , Khare Avinash , Saxena Avadh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the effect of curvature and torsion on the solitons of the nonlinear Dirac equation considered on planar and space curves. Since the spin connection is zero for the curves considered here, the arc variable provides a natural setting to understand the role of curvature. We obtain for various curves in two and three dimensions the transformation of the Dirac equation to the 1 + 1 dimensional flat space Dirac equation written in terms of the arc length. Depending on the curvature, the soliton profile either narrows or expands. Our results may be applicable to yet-to-be-synthesized curved quasi-one dimensional Bose condensates.
Study of an acousto-optic Q-switched double pulse output Pr:YLF all solid-state laser
Authors: Li Yang , Jin Long , Dai Weicheng , Li Shutao , Dong Yuan , Jin Guangyong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a blue LD pumping Pr:YLF crystal acousto-optic Q-switched double pulse laser with 639 nm red light output. The output principle of the Pr:YLF double pulse laser is demonstrated, and a four level differential rate equation model is established to describe the distribution of the double pulse sequence at a high repetition frequency. When the laser repetition frequency is 10 kHz, the double step signal generator, as the modulator of the acousto-optic Q-switching, turns on the Q-switching twice in one pumping period, and obtains the maximum output power of 144 mW, pulse energy of 7.1μJ and the output of visible light double pulse with the pulse interval of 20 μs.
Information transmission based on a Fourier transform and ascending coding temporal ghost imaging algorithm
Authors: Hualong Ye , Leihong Zhang , Jian Chen , Kaimin Wang , Dawei Zhang , Songlin Zhuang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, based on the specific analysis of a temporal ghost imaging (TGI) algorithm, image coding transmission is realized by combining the compression characteristics of a Fourier transform, the convenient control and management function of ascending coding (AC) and the precise transmission function of TGI. AC, as a kind of sorting coding, has the characteristics of fast speed, high precision and wide application range. This paper analyzes noise attack, information, bit error rate (BER) and similarity, etc. Verified by simulation experiment, this algorithm can improve the compressibility of the encoded image, improve the difficulty of decoding by an attacker, reduce the BER in the process of image coding transmission, enhance the ability of anti-interference, realize accurate image coding transmission and solve the problems of low accuracy and low security of image transmission reconstruction at present.
Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects on unsteady stagnation point flow of Eyring–Powell nanofluid: a Galerkin approach
Authors: Khan Z H , Usman M , Zubair T , Hamid M , Haq R U 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article concerns the analysis of an unsteady stagnation point flow of Eyring–Powell nanofluid over a stretching sheet. The influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion is also considered in transport equations. The nonlinear ODE set is obtained from the governing nonlinear equations via suitable transformations. The numerical experiments are performed using the Galerkin scheme. A tabular form comparison analysis of outcomes attained via the Galerkin approach and numerical scheme (RK-4) is available to show the credibility of the Galerkin method. The numerical exploration is carried out for various governing parameters, namely, Brownian motion, steadiness, thermophoresis, stretching ratio, velocity slip, concentration slip, thermal slip, and fluid parameters, and Hartmann, Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. The velocity of fluid enhances with an increase in fluid and magnetic parameters for the case of opposing, but the behavior is reversed for assisting cases. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters cause an increase in temperature for both cases (assisting and opposing). The Brownian motion parameter provides a drop-in concentration while an increase is noticed for the thermophoresis parameter. All the outcomes and the behavior of emerging parameters are illustrated graphically. The comparison analysis and graphical plots endorse the appropriateness of the Galerkin method. It is concluded that said method could be extended to other problems of a complex nature.
Terahertz emission from nonlinear interaction of laser beat wave with nanoparticles
Authors: Varshney Prateek , Gopal Krishna , Upadhyay Ajit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Terahertz radiation is investigated using nonlinear interaction of a laser beat wave with a density-modulated medium of graphite nanoparticles. A beam-decentering parameter, b, is used to modify the polarizing field’s profile to produce different-shaped laser pulse envelopes, e.g. Gaussian, top head, ring-shaped and cosh-Gaussian. The normal vectors corresponding to the basal planes of graphite nanoparticles are considered to be aligned parallel and perpendicular to the polarization of the propagating laser pulse. The electronic cloud of the graphite nanoparticles acquires a nonlinear oscillatory velocity under the influence of a nonlinear force that produces a strong nonlinear current at the beat-wave frequency

(

ω
T

=

ω
1

−

ω
2

)

. The strong nonlinear current allows the emission of radiation in the terahertz frequency regime. The terahertz radiation intensifies and attains a peak value when the laser beat-wave frequency (

ω
T

) equals the plasmon frequency

ω
p

of the nanoparticles. The terahertz radiation’s amplitude is enhanced by up to the fourth order of magnitude in the case of a cosh-Gaussian laser pulse, when the beam-decentering parameter,
b, equals 5. The present numerical results reveal that by changing the shape of a laser pulse and the properties of nanoparticles, one can control and tune the THz emission.
Self-induced transparency in a system of resonant–quasiresonant transitions
Authors: Sazonov S V , Ustinov N V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effect of self-induced transparency is investigated for a three-level system with a V-scheme of the allowed transitions in the case where one of the transitions is resonant while another one is quasiresonant. The generalized system of the wave and material equations for the resonant transition, taking into account the presence of a quasiresonant transition, is derived. This system is integrable, and its soliton solutions are investigated. It is shown that quasiresonant transition has an influence on the profile of the optical soliton and leads to its phase modulation. The conditions under which the propagation of the soliton is followed by the full inversion of the populations of quantum levels of the resonant transition are established.
A polarization study of the supernova remnant CTB 80
Authors: Li Xiang-Hua , Sun Xiao-Hui , Reich Wolfgang , Gao Xu-Yang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a radio polarization study of the supernova remnant CTB 80 based on images at 1420 MHz from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey, at 2695 MHz from the Effelsberg survey of the Galactic plane and at 4800 MHz from the Sino-German λ6 cm polarization survey of the Galactic plane. We obtained a rotation measure (RM) map using polarization angles at 2695 MHz and 4800 MHz as the polarization percentages are similar at these two frequencies. RM exhibits a transition from positive values to negative values along one of the shells hosting the pulsar PSR B1951+32 and its pulsar wind nebula. The reason for the change in sign remains unclear. We identified a partial shell structure, which is bright in polarized intensity but weak in total intensity. This structure could be part of CTB 80 or part of a new supernova remnant unrelated to CTB 80.