bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The subjective wellbeing of healthcare staff and their patients
Authors: Lee Henry , Dolan Paul , Darzi Ara , Vlaev Ivo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Subjective wellbeing (SWB) is a broad category of phenomena that includes people’s emotional responses, domain satisfactions (e.g., health or work), and global judgements of life satisfaction. Measures of SWB offer a means to gauge the impact of events in the lives of individuals. This article examines for the first time the ways in which measures of SWB can be used within a healthcare setting, which brings a new perspective to the way that SWB is considered and applied in determining health policy. The research uses methods for SWB data collection developed through innovative empirical work. The study is a cross sectional survey of the adult inpatient population of an NHS hospital and the nurses caring for the patients, which was undertaken at two time points: summer and winter. This work on the SWB of the staff and inpatients of an acute NHS hospital generated new data sets in clinical populations. The SWB of patients was shown to be significantly affected by severe levels of EQ5D states. When considering the data on a ward-by-ward basis, it was shown that nurses health and job satisfaction were important determinants of patient SWB. We discuss the implications of this research and explain how, when and where SWB measures, when used in healthcare, can be used in health policy. We offer a novel perspective that ensures a greater focus is placed on the way that patients experience health interventions when developing health policy.
Burden and associated factors of Scabies outbreak in Guna-begemidir district, south Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Adamu Temesgen Anteye , Tsegaye Adino Tesfahun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Scabies is an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite ( Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis ). The parasite is found worldwide and affects people of all races and social classes. Studies shows that the prevalence of scabies is far different as 0.2% in developed countries up to 24% in developing countries. Ethiopia also reports scabies outbreak frequently since 2017. Recent studies show that the attack rate was 25% in Gondar city in Yekolo-temaries and 11% at Badewacho District, Southern Ethiopia.Methods A community based unmatched case-control (1:2 ratios) study was conducted in guna-begemidir district, using collected scabies line listed data and face to face interview to assess risk factors from January to February 2018 with sample size of 156 cases and 312 control. The data were collected using structured questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS version 22 statistical software. Odds Ratios (OR), P value and 95% Confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine associated factors.Result A total of 4269 scabies case were reported from the district, attack rate of 7.9%. Of those cases 2254 (52.8%) were males. 10 (52.6%) kebeles were affected by the outbreak. The attack rate varies by kebeles which ranges from 0.88% to 25.5%. The highest attack rate was in mena-medihanealem kebele which is 25.5%. Sleeping with Scabies Patients, washing with scabies patients in the past 6 months, putting of cloths with diseased patient cloths and Household daily water consumption were significantly associated with scabies diseases on multivariable analysis.Conclusion and recommendation Scabies is public health problem in the district. Due to delayed detection and response, the disease was highly disseminated mainly because of drug shortage throughout the region. We recommend enhancing, strong ongoing active case surveillance of scabies; health education & availing drugs to all health facilities and do more on the above significant variables.
Effect of ozone gas on cultures of candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus: evaluation of two ozonation equipment
Authors: Caetano Maicon Henrique , Siqueira João Paulo Zen , Ferreira Adriano Menis , Andrade Denise de , Lopes-Sousa Alvaro , Carneiro Liliane Moretti , Carvalho Herica Emília Félix de , Rigotti Marcelo Alessandro , Almeida Margarete Teresa Gottardo de 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The use of O 3 as antimicrobial has stood out as a useful chemical compound for disinfection processes and/or sterilization due to its high oxidant power. Antimicrobial effects of ozone gas (O 3 ), produced by two commercial equipment on cultures of two fungi were studied.Method Petri dishes were plated with concentrations of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus and placed on a countertop at three distances, 30 cm, 1 m and 2 m, in three directions of exposure of O 3, with and without air conditioning.Results Both equipment showed potential antifungal activity; however, the Mod. I generator (p<0.05) presented twice the O 3 flow rate. The results of the inhibitory activity of O 3 of Mod. II, except the cultures of Candida albicans at the distance of 2 m and, of Aspergillus fumigatus , at distances of 1 m and 2 m, showed significant differences (p<0.05). Candida albicans was more sensitive to O 3 (p<0.05) than the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The experiments conducted with the air conditioning turned off proved the great antimicrobial activity of O 3 . The worst result was observed for the dishes of Aspergillus fumigatus , at the distance of 2 m and near the wall and the best for the central dishes, at the distance of 30 cm, of Candida albicans.Conclusion This method of disinfection by O 3 shows a feasible antimicrobial potential to establish new protocols for hygiene and hospital disinfection, reducing environmental contamination by fungi.
Cardiac variation of internal jugular vein as a marker of volume change in haemorrhagic shock
Authors: Tokunaga Kurato , Nakamura Kensuke , Inokuchi Ryota , Terada Rui , Tomioka Yuji , Toshiyuki Ikeda , Kobayashi Etsuko , Okazaki Hitoshi , Sakuma Ichiro , Doi Kent , Morimura Naoto 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background. Fluid resuscitation is crucial to counter acute haemorrhagic shock and requires prompt and accurate intravascular volume estimation for optimal fluid administration. This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac variation of the internal jugular vein (IJV), measured by ultrasound, could detect hypovolemic status and predict response to fluid resuscitation. Methods. Autologous blood transfusion patients for their own elective surgeries were prospectively enrolled at our blood donation centre from August 2014 to January 2015., and movies of vertical B-mode ultrasonography of the IJV were recorded at five points during blood donation, namely, before donation, during donation, end of donation, end of fluid replacement and after hemostasis. Cardiac variation in IJV area and circumference were objectively measured using an automated extraction programme, along with blood pressure and heart rate. Results. We screened 140patients and data from 104 were eventually evaluated. Among the variables analysed, only collapse index area (CIa) and collapse index circumference (CIc) could detect both intravascular volume loss and response to fluid administration Conclusions. The cardiac variation of IJV may be a reliable indicator of intravascular volume loss and response to fluid administration in haemorrhagic shock.
Anthrax Outbreaks among Domestic Ruminants Associated with Butchering Infected Livestock and Improper Carcass Disposal in Three Districts of Uganda, 2016-2018
Authors: Monje Fred , Kisaakye Esther , Ario Alex Riolexus , Eurien Daniel , Ntono Vivian , Kadobera Daniel , Kwesiga Benon , Kabwama Steven , Ndumu Deo Birungi , Bulage Lilian , Salzer Johanna S. , Harris Julie R. , Zhu Bao-Ping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background During January 2017-December 2018, multiple human anthrax outbreaks in Arua, Kween, and Kiruhura districts, Uganda were caused by exposure to domestic ruminants that died of anthrax. We investigated to determine the scope of anthrax outbreaks in domestic ruminants, identify possible exposures, and recommend evidence-based control measures. Methods We defined a suspected case-animal as sudden death of a domestic ruminant with unclotted blood oozing from body orifices during January 2016–December 2018 in Arua, Kween and Kiruhura districts. A probable case-animal was a suspected case-animal with a positive rapid diagnostic test using the Active Anthrax Detect Rapid Diagnostic Test, and/or the microscopic identification of Gram-positive rods in biological samples. A case-kraal was defined as an enclosure of cattle/sheep or mixed species with ≥1 suspected case-animal. We reviewed district veterinary records and actively searched for case-livestock. We conducted separate case-control studies in the affected districts to compare exposures between case-kraals and control-kraals (i.e., kraals with no suspected case-livestock during the same time period as the case-kraal), frequency-matched by village, with ratios of 1:1 in Arua, 1:4 in Kiruhura, and 1:2 in Kween. We estimated overall associations in all three districts using pooled analysis. Results We identified 1,971 suspected case-livestock (attack rate [AR] =1.4/1000) in 229 (7.3/1,000) of 31,500 kraals. Cattle (AR=2.1/1,000), goats (AR=0.48/1,000), and sheep (AR=0.10/1,000) were all affected. Of the three districts, Arua was the most affected (AR=3.1/1,000), followed by Kween (AR=1.8/1,000) and Kiruhura (AR=0.065/1,000). The epidemic curve indicated continuous outbreaks in Arua and Kween districts. Human outbreaks were reported during or after the onset of livestock outbreaks in all three districts. Having livestock that died of suspected anthrax butchered <50m from the kraal (OR=8.0; 95%CI=5.2-12) and improper livestock carcass disposal on/near the pastureland (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.1-2.4) before the outbreak were significant risk factors for being a case-kraal. Conclusions Ugandan districts with human anthrax outbreaks had concurrent livestock anthrax outbreaks associated with nearby butchering and improper carcass disposal of livestock with suspected anthrax. We recommended anthrax vaccination for domestic ruminants, proper carcass disposal, increased surveillance for sudden livestock deaths, increased capacity for laboratory confirmation, and sensitization to livestock-keepers about anthrax control.
Overexpression of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase (nmnat) increases the growth rate, Ca2+ content and cellulase production in Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Wang Shengli , Han Jing , Xia Jiale , Hu Yanru , Shi Liang , Ren Ang , Zhu Jing , Zhao Mingwen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: There is an urgent need to identify new and economical ways to utilize diverse types of lignocellulosic biomass. Ganoderma lucidum is well-known edible medicinal fungus that has an excellent ability to degrade a wide range of cellulosic biomass, and its nutrient utilization is closely related to the production of extracellular cellulase. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a nutritional sensor molecule, can respond to nutritional states and regulate cellular metabolism, and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase (nmnat) is the key enzyme that catalyses the biosynthesis of NAD+.Results: In this study, a homologue of the gene encoding nmnat was cloned from G. lucidum. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) method was used to construct two G. lucidum overexpression strains, OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19, in which the nmnat gene transcript levels and the NAD+ content were significantly increased. Glnmnat overexpression strains showed dramatically increased colony growth on different carbon sources, and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was increased by 3.95- and 2.10-fold in the G. lucidum OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19 strains, respectively, compared with that observed in the WT strain. The CMCase activity increased by approximately 2.8- and 3-fold, and that of pNPGase increased by approximately 1.9- and 2.1-fold in the G. lucidum OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19 strains, respectively, compared with that observed in the WT strain. Furthermore, NAD+ was observed to potentially induce cellulase production by regulating the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration.Conclusions: Taken together, for the first time, our results revealed that NAD+ can stimulate cellulase production and increase the transcript levels of cellulase genes via increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in G. lucidum. This research also provides a theoretical basis for conducting cellulase-related work in other basidiomycetes.
Origin and Evolution of Emerging Liaoning Virus（genus Seadornavirus, family Reoviridae)&nbsp;
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Hong , Wang Jiahui , Wang Jiheng , Zhang Jianming , Wang Jiayue , Zhang Xin , Ji Hongfang , Ding Zhongfen , Xia Han , Zhang Chunyang , Zhao Qian , Liang Guodong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background:Liaoning virus(LNV) is a member of the genus Seadornavirus, family Reoviridae and has been isolated from kinds of sucking insects in Asia and Australia. However, there are no systematic studies describe the molecular genetic evolution and migration of LNVs isolated from different time, regions and vectors.Methods:Here, a phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations was conducted on the LNVs isolated from a variety of vectors during 1990-2014,worldwide. Results:The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the LNV could be divided into 3 genotypes, of which genotype 1 mainly composed of LNVs isolated from Australia during 1990 to 2014 as well as the original LNV strain(LNV-NE97-31) isolated from Liaoning province in northern China in 1997,genotype 2 comprised of the isolates all from Xinjiang province in western China and genotype 3 consisted the isolates from Qinghai and Shanxi province of central China. LNVs emerged about 272 years ago in Australia and gradually evolved into three LNV lineages in the order genotype1(at 73.0 years ago),genotype2(at 46.5 years ago)and genotype 3(at 25.3 years ago). Following further phylogeographic analysis, we proposed that Australia (113°E-153°E,10°S-42°S) was the source of LNVs and the genotype 1 LNVs transmitted from this region to Liaoning province(118°E-125°E,38°N-43°N) in Northeast Asian continent then further spread across the central part of China to Xinjiang province in western China(75°E-95°E,35°N-50°N).Conclusion: LNVs were initially isolated from Liaoning province of China in the Northeast Asia, however, the present study demonstrated that LNVs were originated from Australia in the South Pacific region and transmitted to mainland China then rapidly spread across China and evolved three different genotypes.The above results suggested that LNV had the characteristics of long-distance transmission and there were great genetic diversity existed in the LNV population. Therefore, it is of great importance to strengthen the monitoring of the population variation of LNV and maintain vigilance to avoid LNV breaking through the species barrier and further clarify its relationship to human and animal infection.
Comparison of Left Ventricular Systolic Function Quantification Using Contrast-Enhanced and Non-Contrast Echocardiographic Images
Authors: Liang Siying , Wang Zhilong , Zhang Feng , Yu Chao , Zhu Tiangang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) are two important index for the quantification of left ventricular systolic function. With the help of ultrasound contrast agents, we can improve the definition of endocardial borders and allow the quantification of LVEF in patients with poor image quality. However, the feasibility of GLS measurements in contrast-enhanced images is still controversial. Our study aimed to explore the feasibility of GLS measured by velocity vector imaging (VVI) in contrast-enhanced images, compare the difference of measurements in contrast-enhanced and non-contrast images, and analyze the relation between LVEF and GLS in both conditions.Methods: A total of 133 patients with cancer, who were registered for transthoracic echocardiography as well as contrast-enhanced echocardiography were studied. LVEF was measured using the biplane modified Simpson’s rule and GLS was measured with offline VVI analysis of the three standard apical views in non-contrast and contrast-enhanced images respectively. Linear regression was performed to derive correlation coefficients between LVEF and GLS both in non-contrast and contrast-enhanced images.Results: GLS measurements in non-contrast images were discarded in 2/133 patients (1.5%), while in contrast-enhanced images were obtained in all patients. LVEF (64.12B7.47% vs. 66.25a8.61%, respectively; P < 0.01) and GLS (-20.99c4.67% vs. -23.40k4.58%, respectively; P < 0.01) were both significantly higher in the presence of contrast agents. A linear regression between LVEF and GLS in non-contrast images (r=0.627, P<0.001) was observed, as well as in contrast-enhanced images (r=0.649，P<0.001).Conclusion: GLS measured by VVI in contrast-enhanced echocardiography is a feasible and reliable index for the quantification of left ventricular systolic function, even in patients with poor image quality. Compared with the measurements in non-contrast images, both LVEF and GLS measurements are higher in the presence of contrast agents.
A comprehensive educational program for promoting Sexual Knowledge and Social Skills Mild Intellectually Disabled Teenagers in Puberty: protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: akrami leila , malekpour mokhtar , faramarzi salar , abedi ahmad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Puberty is an important period for teenagers with intellectual disability (ID). In this period sexuality education and increasing social skills of adolescent and education of mothers become absolutely vital. The current research aimed to present a comprehensive educational program for promoting sexual knowledge and social skills mild intellectually disabled teenagers in puberty.Methods: This study is a sequential exploratory (qualitative – quantitative) mixed methods design that consists of three consecutive phases. In this study, following a qualitative approach, the researchers will explain state of sexual knowledge and social skills mild intellectually disabled teenagers in puberty. In the second phase, researchers will design an appropriate and comprehensive educational program for promoting sexual knowledge and social skills of MID adolescents and the education of their mothers. The suggested program of expert panel is approved based on prioritization guidelines and will be finalized for the execution. In the third stage, the effectiveness of educational program will be investigated in a semi-experimental study.Conclusions: Findings revealed that the educational program is appropriate MID adolescents and their mothers and will increase their sexual knowledge and social skills in puberty. Educational programs are important for teenagers with MID and their mothers. Family plays an important role in puberty of these adolescents.
Intracanal Cryotherapy and its Effects on the Postoperative Pain in Root Canal Therapy: Systematic Review &amp; Meta-analysis Protocol.
Authors: Sadaf Durre , Ahmad Muhammad Zubair , Onakpoya Igho 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: There are many research studies directing in lowering postoperative pain in root canal therapy. The use of intracanal cryotherapy in root canal treatment is recently introduced, and many researchers are inclined towards this techniques. This systematic review will give an insight into its application in endodontic therapy and its effects on postoperative pain.The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of intracanal cryotherapy on the postoperative pain in patients with pulp diseases and with or without peri-radicular infection during root canal therapy. This systematic review will include randomized controlled trials only. The studies should encompass patients with pulpal diseases, i.e. irreversible pulpitis and pulp necrosis in teeth. Previously root treated teeth, immature, and teeth with root resorption will not be included. Methods: We will conduct a comprehensive search strategy using electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), Scopus, and Cochrane library. A predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be utilized for the selection of studies. The reference list of selected studies will be manually searched. We will extract data from studies on a structured data collection form. At the same time, the risk of bias assessment of studies using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools will be performed by two reviewers independently. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative data synthesis will be accomplished. The data will be presented in the form of table of summary of findings. Discussion: This systematic review will assess the role of intracanal cryotherapy in the form of cold saline irrigation as a final irrigant during root canal therapy. The quality of evidence will ranked as high, moderate low or very low using GRADE approach. Comprehensive search strategy, risk of bias assessment using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool by two reviewers are the strength of this systematic review. Systematic review registration number: The protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. (PROSPERO CRD 42020163438)
Clinical and whole-exome sequencing findings in Individuals from Yunnan Province with Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Xiao Yi-shuang , Jiang Hong-chao , Sheng Ru , Tang Li , Yang XIAO-Hong , Gu Huai-yu , He Wen-Ji , Ma Jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare inherited retinal disorder characterized by the failure of peripheral retinal vascularization at birth. FEVR can cause further pathological changes, such as neovascularization, exudation, haemorrhage, and retinal detachment, in turn. The molecular diagnosis enables a deeper understanding of this disease, so the differentiation of FEVR is important for the accuracy of genetic counselling. However, to date, only six genes have been identified as being responsible for this disease. Methods : Without a known FEVR gene mutation, six families were enrolled in our study between 2016 and 2017 from the clinical practices of ophthalmologists. The referring physician made a diagnosis for FEVR probands, and clinical data and DNA were collected from each participant. Whole-exome sequencing was used to detect the mutations present in the probands. The raw reads were obtained from Illumina Miseq. Then, an in-house bioinformatics pipeline was performed to detect both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (InDels). The pathogenic mutations were identified with stringent criteria and were further confirmed by conventional methods and cosegregation in families. Results : Using this approach, bioinformatic predictions showed that six mutations were found in our study: three mutations in the known genes of ZNF408, LRP5 and KIF11 and three mutations in the newly identified genes NR2E3,KRT3 and FOXL2 .To test the hypothesis that cases of FEVR are caused by NR2E3, KRT3 and FOXL2 , probands who were diagnosed as FEVR by a physician using wide-field fluorescein angiography were found to not have any mutations in any of the six known FEVR genes. Compared with previous reports, mutations in NR2E3, KRT3 and FOXL2 are believed to cause a broader spectrum of ocular disease. The NR2E3,KRT3 and FOXL2 genes likely play a role in retinal vascular development. Conclusions : This report is the first to describe FEVR mutations in Yunnan province children with FEVR. This study would provide information on the genetic forms of the disease and direct counselling by analysing the genetic testing and genotype-phenotype interaction.