bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat suitability and connectivity modeling reveal priority areas for Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) conservation in a complex habitat mosaic
Authors: Cable Ashleigh B. , O’Keefe Joy M. , Deppe Jill L. , Hohoff Tara C. , Taylor Steven J. , Davis Mark A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextConservation for the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), a federally endangered species in the United States of America, is typically focused on local maternity sites; however, the species is a regional migrant, interacting with the environment at multiple spatial scales. Hierarchical levels of management may be necessary, but we have limited knowledge of landscape-level ecology, distribution, and connectivity of suitable areas in complex landscapes.ObjectivesWe sought to (1) identify factors influencingM. sodalismaternity colony distribution in a mosaic landscape, (2) map suitable maternity habitat, and (3) quantify connectivity importance of patches to direct conservation action.MethodsUsing 3 decades of occurrence data, we testeda priori, hypothesis-driven habitat suitability models. We mapped suitable areas and quantified connectivity importance of habitat patches with probabilistic habitat availability metrics.ResultsFactors improving landscape-scale suitability included limited agriculture, more forest cover, forest edge, proximity to medium-sized water bodies, lower elevations, and limited urban development. Areas closer to hibernacula and rivers were suitable. Binary maps showed that 30% of the study area was suitable forM. sodalisand 29% was important for connectivity. Most suitable patches were important for intra-patch connectivity and far fewer contributed to inter-patch connectivity.ConclusionsWhile simple models may be effective for small, homogenous landscapes, complex models are needed to explain habitat suitability in large, mixed landscapes. Suitability modeling identified factors that made sites attractive as maternity areas. Connectivity analysis improved our understanding of important areas for bats and prioritized areas to target for restoration.
The incentives account of feasibility
Authors: Stemplowska Zofia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Utopophobia Estlund offers a prominent version of a conditional account of feasibility. I think the account is too permissive. I defend an alternative incentives account of feasibility (of action). The incentives account preserves the spirit of the conditional account but qualifies fewer actions as feasible. Simplified, the account holds that an action is feasible if there is an incentive such that, given the incentive, the agent is likely to perform the action successfully. If we accept that ought implies feasible, then we should reject some normative requirements on agents that Estlund would accept in light of his more permissive conditional account. But we can still recognise normative requirements on individual and collective agents that, if complied with, would result in a world that is radically better than our own.
Value of the surgeon’s sightline on hologram registration and targeting in mixed reality
Authors: Luzon Javier A. , Stimec Bojan V. , Bakka Arne O. , Edwin Bjørn , Ignjatovic Dejan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Mixed reality (MR) is being evaluated as a visual tool for surgical navigation. Current literature presents unclear results on intraoperative accuracy using the Microsoft HoloLens 1®. This study aims to assess the impact of the surgeon’s sightline in an inside-out marker-based MR navigation system for open surgery.

Methods
Surgeons at Akershus University Hospital tested this system. A custom-made phantom was used, containing 18 wire target crosses within its inner walls. A CT scan was obtained in order to segment all wire targets into a single 3D-model (hologram). An in-house software application (CTrue), developed for the Microsoft HoloLens 1, uploaded 3D-models and automatically registered the 3D-model with the phantom. Based on the surgeon’s sightline while registering and targeting (free sightline /F/or a strictly perpendicular sightline /P/), 4 scenarios were developed (FF-PF-FP-PP). Target error distance (TED) was obtained in three different working axes-(XYZ).

Results
Six surgeons (5 males, age 29–62) were enrolled. A total of 864 measurements were collected in 4 scenarios, twice. Scenario PP showed the smallest TED in XYZ-axes mean = 2.98 mm ± SD 1.33; 2.28 mm ± SD 1.45; 2.78 mm ± SD 1.91, respectively. Scenario FF showed the largest TED in XYZ-axes with mean = 10.03 mm ± SD 3.19; 6.36 mm ± SD 3.36; 16.11 mm ± SD 8.91, respectively. Multiple comparison tests, grouped in scenarios and axes, showed that the majority of scenario comparisons had significantly different TED values (p < 0.05). Y-axis always presented the smallest TED regardless of scenario tested.

Conclusion
A strictly perpendicular working sightline in relation to the 3D-model achieves the best accuracy results. Shortcomings in this technology, as an intraoperative visual cue, can be overcome by sightline correction. Incidentally, this is the preferred working angle for open surgery.
FRAX: re-adjust or re-think
Authors: El Miedany Yasser 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince its development in 2008, FRAX has booked its place in the standard day to day management of osteoporosis. The FRAX tool has been appreciated for its simplicity and applicability for use in primary care, but criticised for the same reason, as it does not take into account exposure response. To address some of these limitations, relatively simple arithmetic procedures have been proposed to be applied to the conventional FRAX estimates of hip and major fracture probabilities aiming at adjustment of the probability assessment. However, as the list of these adjustments got longer, this has reflected on its implementation in the standard practice and gave FRAX a patchy look. Consequently, raises the need to re-think of the current FRAX and whether a second generation of the tool is required to address the perceived limitations of the original FRAX. This article will discuss both point of views of re-adjustment and re-thinking.
Experimental trauma rapidly modifies functional connectivity
Authors: Gvozdanovic Geraldine , Seifritz Erich , Stämpfli Philipp , Canna Antonietta , Rasch Björn , Esposito Fabrizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTraumatic events can produce emotional, cognitive and autonomous physical responses. This may ultimately lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychiatric syndrome which requires comprehensive treatment. Trauma exposure alters functional connectivity; however, onset and nature of these changes are unknown. Here, we explore functional connectivity changes at rest directly after experimental trauma exposure. Seventy-three healthy subjects watched either a trauma or a control film. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements were conducted before and directly after the film. Seed-based analyses revealed trauma-related changes in functional connectivity, specifically including decreases of connectivity between amygdala and middle temporal gyrus and increases between hippocampus and precuneus. These central effects were accompanied by trauma-related increases in heart rate. Moreover, connectivity between the amygdala and middle temporal gyrus predicted subsequent trauma-related valence. Our results demonstrate rapid functional connectivity changes in memory-related brain regions at rest after experimental trauma, selectively relating to changes in emotions evoked by the trauma manipulation. Results could represent an early predictive biomarker for the development of trauma-related PTSD and thus provide an indication for the need of early targeted preventive interventions.
Pegvisomant in combination or pegvisomant alone after failure of somatostatin analogs in acromegaly patients: an observational French ACROSTUDY cohort study
Authors: Kuhn Emmanuelle , Caron Philippe , Delemer Brigitte , Raingeard Isabelle , Lefebvre Hervé , Raverot Gérald , Cortet-Rudelli Christine , Desailloud Rachel , Geffroy Clementine , Henocque Robin , Brault Yves , Brue Thierry , Chanson Philippe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
After surgery, when somatostatin analogs (SAs) do not normalise IGF-I, pegvisomant (PEG) is indicated. Our aim was to define the medical reasons for the treatment of patients with PEG as monotherapy (M) or combined with SA, either as primary bitherapy, PB (PEG is secondarily introduced after SA) or as secondary bitherapy, SB (SAs secondarily introduced after PEG).

Methods
We retrospectively analysed French data from ACROSTUDY.

Results
167, 88 and 57 patients were treated with M, PB or SB, respectively, during a median time of 80, 42 and 70 months. The median PEG dose was respectively 15, 10 and 20 mg. Before PEG, the mean IGF-I level did not differ between M and PB but the proportion of patients with suprasellar tumour extension was higher in PB group (67.5% vs. 44.4%, P = 0.022). SB regimen was used preferentially in patients with tumour increase and IGF-I level difficult to normalise under PEG. In both secondary regimens, the decrease of the frequency of PEG’s injections, compared to monotherapy was confirmed. However, the mean weekly dose of PEG between M and PB remained the same.

Conclusions
The medical rationale for continuing SAs rather than switching to PEG alone in patients who do not normalise IGF-I under SAs was a tumour concern with suprasellar extension and tumour shrinkage under SA. A potential explanation for introducing SA in association with PEG appears to be a tumour enlargement and difficulties to normalise IGF-I levels under PEG given alone. In both regimens, the prospect of lowering PEG injection frequency favoured the choice.
Narrative Devices: Neurotechnologies, Information, and Self-Constitution
Authors: Postan Emily 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article provides a conceptual and normative framework through which we may understand the potentially ethically significant roles that information generated by neurotechnologies about our brains and minds may play in our construction of our identities. Neuroethics debates currently focus disproportionately on the ways that third parties may (ab)use these kinds of information. These debates occlude interests we may have in whether and how we ourselves encounter information about our own brains and minds. This gap is not yet adequately addressed by most allusions in the literature to potential identity impacts. These lack the requisite conceptual or normative foundations to explain why we should be concerned about such effects or how they might be addressed. This article seeks to fill this gap by presenting a normative account of identity as constituted by embodied self-narratives. It proposes that information generated by neurotechnologies can play significant content-supplying and interpretive roles in our construction of our self-narratives. It argues, to the extent that these roles support and detract from the coherence and inhabitability of these narratives, access to information about our brains and minds engages non-trivial identity-related interests. These claims are illustrated using examples drawn from empirical literature reporting reactions to information generated by implantable predictive BCIs and psychiatric neuroimaging. The article concludes by highlighting ways in which information generated by neurotechnologies might be governed so as to protect information subjects’ interests in developing and inhabiting their own identities.
Sozialraumorientierte Schulsozialarbeit an Sekundarschulen in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Zipperle Mirjana , Maier Katharina , Gschwind Andreas Karl 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Forschungsprojekt „Sozialraumorientierte Schulsozialarbeit an Sekundarschulen in Baden-Württemberg“ (SOSSA_SEK) untersucht im Auftrag des Kommunalverbands für Jugend und Soziales Baden-Württemberg Praxen, Rahmenbedingungen und Nutzen sozialraumorientierter Schulsozialarbeit an Sekundarschulen. Mit Hilfe eines multiperspektivischen Forschungsdesigns wird das professionelle Handeln von Schulsozialarbeitsfachkräften und deren Bezüge zu den Sozialräumen der Jugendlichen analysiert. Ausgangspunkt des Projekts ist die Annahme, dass eine (sozial-)räumliche Orientierung von Schulsozialarbeitsfachkräften auf das unmittelbare Umfeld der Schule nicht ausreicht, um die Aneignungsräume von Jugendlichen zu erfassen und als Teil lebensweltorientierter Arbeit in die sozialarbeiterische Praxis zu integrieren. Das Projekt zielt auf Erkenntnisse zu den Möglichkeiten und Bedingungen einer über die Schule hinausreichenden Schulsozialarbeit und deren Bezüge zu außerschulischen Akteuren entsprechend den Sozialräumen der Jugendlichen.
An efficient autometallography approach to localize lead at ultra-structural levels of cultured cells
Authors: Song Han , Zheng Gang , Shen Xue-Feng , Zhao Zai-Hua , Liu Yang , Liu Yang , Liu Ying-Ying , Kang Jun-Jun , Chen Jing-Yuan , Luo Wen-Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the precise intracellular localization of lead (Pb) is a key in deciphering processes in Pb-induced toxicology. However, it is a great challenge to trace Pbin vitro, especially in cultured cells. We aimed to find an innovative and efficient approach to investigate distribution of Pb in cells and to validate it through determining the subcellular Pb content. We identified its ultra-structural distribution with autometallography under electron microscopy in a choroidal epithelial Z310 cell line. Electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) was employed to provide further evidence of Pb location. In addition, Pb content was determined in the cytosol, membrane/organelle, nucleus and cytoskeleton fractions with atomic absorption spectroscopy. Pb was found predominantly inside the nuclear membranes and some was distributed in the cytoplasm under low-concentration exposure. Nuclear existence of Pb was verified by EDS under electron microscopy. Once standardized for protein content, Pb percentage in the nucleus fraction reached the highest level (76%). Our results indicate that Pb is accumulated mainly in the nucleus of choroid plexus. This method is sensitive and precise in providing optimal means to study the ultra-structural localization of Pb forin vitromodels. In addition, it offers the possibility of localization of other metals in cultured cells. Some procedures may also be adopted to detect target proteins via immunoreactions.
Facile one-pot synthesis of water-soluble fcc FePt3 alloy nanostructures
Authors: Akbulut Melek Kızaloğlu , Harreiß Christina , Löffler Mario , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Schöbitz Michael , Bachmann Julien , Spiecker Erdmann , Hock Rainer , Kryschi Carola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProccessible FePt3 alloy nanoparticles with sizes smaller than 50 nm open the avenue to novel magnetic sensor, catalytic and biomedical applications. Our research objective was to establish a highly scalable synthesis technique for production of single-crystalline FePt3 alloy nanoparticles. We have elaborated a one-pot thermal decomposition technique for the synthesis of superparamagnetic FePt3 nanoparticles (FePt3 NPs) with mean sizes of 10 nm. Subsequent tiron coating provided water solubility of the FePt3 NPs and further processibility as bidental ligands enable binding to catalyst surfaces, smart substrates or biosensors. The chemical composition, structure, morphology, magnetic, optical and crystallographic properties of the FePt3 NPs were examined using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy.
Linking Grazing to Inhibition and Goal-Directed Behaviour in Obesity With and Without Eating Disorder Features
Authors: Heriseanu Andreea I. , Hay Phillipa , Touyz Stephen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent models of obesity and eating behaviour have implicated both automatic responding to food-related cues and executive functioning in driving dietary choice. This study aimed to relate grazing severity to high weight with and without significant eating disorder features via the effects of inhibition and degree of goal-directed behaviour, in persons with obesity with and without significant eating disorder features compared to healthy controls. Forty-four participants with obesity (43.1% endorsing marked eating disorder features), and 43 healthy-weight age- and sex-matched participants (N= 87; 67.8% female, age = 28.57 (8.70; 18.18–58.34) years, BMI = 29.18 (7.80; 18.65–51.95) kg/m2) completed demographic and eating disorder-related questionnaires, a neuropsychological task of inhibition and an instrumental decision-making task. Bootstrapped serial mediation analyses were performed to examine the effect of group on grazing via goal-directed behaviour and inhibition. While significant differences existed between the groups in terms of inhibition, goal-directed behaviour and grazing severity, the effect of group on grazing severity was not found to be mediated by the degree of behavioural goal-directedness and inhibition.Therefore, :in persons with obesity with or without eating disorder symptoms, putative relationships between a reduced inhibitory profile and/or behaviour that is less flexible and goal-directed and eating behaviours such as grazing, remain unclear.
Limit drift for complex Feigenbaum mappings
Authors: LEVIN GENADI , ŚWIA̧TEK GRZEGORZ 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study the dynamics of towers defined by fixed points of renormalization for Feigenbaum polynomials in the complex plane with varying order
$\ell $
of the critical point. It is known that the measure of the Julia set of the Feigenbaum polynomial is positive if and only if almost every point tends to
$0$
under the dynamics of the tower for corresponding
$\ell $
. That in turn depends on the sign of a quantity called the drift. We prove the existence and key properties of absolutely continuous invariant measures for tower dynamics as well as their convergence when
$\ell $
tends to
$\infty $
. We also prove the convergence of the drifts to a finite limit, which can be expressed purely in terms of the limiting tower, which corresponds to a Feigenbaum map with a flat critical point.
Studies on the life cycle ofPleurogenoides wayanadensisShinad & Prasadan, 2018 (Digenea: Pleurogenidae) from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Prasadan P.K. , Shinad K. , Sherin C. , Arusha K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe life cycle ofPleurogenoides wayanadensisShinad & Prasadan, 2018, infecting the frogsHoplobatrachus tigerinusandEuphlyctis cyanophlyctis, is elucidated in this study. All the life cycle stages from egg to egg-producing adults were elucidated under natural conditions and successfully established in the laboratory. The life cycle took about 58 to 65 days for completion. Miracidia were released by teasing the eggs with fine needles. Sporocysts were found in the freshwater snail,Bithynia (Digoniostoma) pulchella, collected from paddy fields at Payode, Western Ghats, Wayanad region, in the months of October and November 2019. Cercariae were of the virgulate xiphidiocercous type. Metacercariae were recovered from the eyes of the damselfly naiads of the speciesIschnurasp. andCoperasp., and the thorax and abdomen of the dragonfly naiads,Orthetrumsp. The metacercariae showed progenetic development. The growth and development of the metacercariae in the naiads that were exposed to cercariae, and development of the trematode in frogs that were force-fed with encysted metacercariae, have been studied at regular intervals. The prepatent period is 14–19 days. The present life cycle study of aPleurogenoidesspp. forms the seventh report from the world, fourth report from India and the third from Kerala.
The outcomes of endoscopic myringoplasty: elevating a tympanomeatal flap or not
Authors: Wang D , Wang W 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the differences between the no tympanomeatal flap approach and the tympanomeatal flap approach in endoscopic myringoplasty.MethodA total of 132 patients with tympanic membrane perforation were randomly divided into two groups: the no tympanomeatal flap approach group (group A, 56 ears) and the tympanomeatal flap approach group (group B, 76 ears). A comparison between the two groups was made.ResultsThe average operation time of group A was 36.00 ± 5.24 minutes, which was significantly shorter than that of group B, which was 43.89 ± 4.57 minutes (p = 0.002). The blood loss of group A was 5.08 ± 1.83 ml, which was significantly less than that of group B (9.67 ± 2.29 ml; p < 0.001). There were no differences in the degree of hearing improvement, the rate of hearing improvement, the dry ear time (when the external auditory canal and the operating cavity were dry) after operation and the success rate of tympanic membrane repair when compared between the two groups.ConclusionCompared with group B, group A (no tympanomeatal flap approach) can achieve the same effect but has the advantages of a shorter operation time and less blood loss during the operation.
PERSONIFICANDO EL PODER LEJOS DE LA CAPITAL. LOS DELEGADOS DE LOS K'UHUL KAAN AJAWTAAK
Authors: Mumary Farto Pablo Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSiguiendo los registros jeroglíficos de los que disponemos, pareciera que los gobernantes del glifo emblema de la cabeza de serpiente, asentados primero en Dzibanche y posteriormente en Calakmul, establecieron una organización político-social basada en la rígida autoridad del k'uhul ajaw que encabezaba la dinastía. Sin embargo, considerando la amplia distribución de referencias que indican eventos llevados a cabo en diferentes entidades políticas bajo la supervisión del gobernante de Kaan y las alusiones a distintas entidades corporativas fuera de la capital pero vinculadas al glifo emblema dinástico, sugiero una posible organización política establecida desde la entidad capital pero ejecutada en “la periferia” por distintos grupos de poder. Con base en lo anterior, propongo que éstos eran los verdaderos encargados de mantener los preceptos decretados desde la cabecera dinástica sin necesidad de la presencia física del k'uhul Kaan ajaw.
Language exposure and phonological short-term memory as predictors of majority language vocabulary and phonological awareness in dual language learning
Authors: Vaahtoranta Enni , Suggate Sebastian , Lenhart Jan , Lenhard Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious work suggests that child-internal and -external factors influence dual language learning (DLL), although more work is needed – to clarify the role of phonological short-term memory (PSTM) and language exposure in particular. Accordingly, we investigated the role of language exposure and PSTM in phonological awareness and receptive and expressive vocabulary development in the majority language in DLL. PSTM was measured with both a language-specific and language-universal nonword repetition task (NWR). Sixty-five DLL preschoolers were assessed twice, five months apart. Results show that maternal majority-language proficiency as well as language-specific and universal NWR predicted all outcomes, whereas length of exposure to the majority language only predicted receptive and expressive vocabulary. Current exposure did not predict any outcome. The findings extend previous research on child-internal and child-external factors as predictors of DLL to phonological awareness and language-universal NWR.