bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural history of hepatic hemangiomas as a guide for surgical indication
Authors: Mogahed Mohamed M. , Zytoon Ashraf Anas , Essa Bassem , Abdellatif Wessam , Ghanem Nashwa , ElWakeel Bahaa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenerally, hemangiomas are asymptomatic and most lesions are incidentally diagnosed on abdominal ultrasonography. The indications for surgery are still debated mainly due to limited data about the natural history of hepatic hemangiomas. The aim of this study is to investigate the natural history of hepatic hemangiomas, the effects of age and sex on their growth, and their tendency to increase in size or causing symptoms or complications as a guide for surgical indication. In this current study, combined retrospective and prospective analysis was conducted on 186 Egyptian adult patients having 244 hepatic hemangiomas who attended to the outpatient clinics. Follow-up was performed to observe the accurate site, size, number, rate of growth of the lesions, and their tendency to cause symptoms or complications.ResultsNinety-one percent of patients were asymptomatic and 9% were symptomatic. During follow-up, 48% of patients showed an increase in tumor diameter, 22% decreased, and 30% were stable. The growth rate at 18–45-year group showed an increasing trend that was higher in females; it was 3.3 ± 2 mm/year for males and 3.9 ± 1.8 mm/year for females. At ˃ 45 year group, the female patients showed a decreasing trend (− 2.1 ± 1.1 mm/year) while in males showed an increasing trend that was slower than in 18–45-year group (2.6 ± 1.7 mm/year).ConclusionGrowth pattern of liver hemangiomas is affected by age and sex. The majority of hemangiomas are asymptomatic and complications are rare. Hemangioma size alone is not an indication for surgery in asymptomatic patients. Surgical indications are limited to patients with severe symptoms, complications, or suspicious lesions. Most hemangiomas can be managed conservatively even giant hemangiomas.
Spectrophotometric quantification of dolutegravir based on redox reaction with Fe3+/1,10-phenanthroline
Authors: Naraparaju Swathi , Thirumoorthy Durai Ananda Kumar , Gurrala Sunitha , Jabeen Asra , Anumolu Pani Kumar D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundA simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the quantitative measurement of dolutegravir in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation. The present method was based on redox reaction between dolutegravir and ferric chloride, which upon complexation with 1,10-phenanthroline formed an orange-colored complex that showed absorption maximum at 520.0 nm.ResultsThe developed method obeyed linearity in the concentration range of 40.00–140.00 μg/mL. The method was also validated as per International Council for Harmonization guidelines and the results were within acceptance values. The validated method was employed for the determination of dolutegravir in pharmaceutical dosage form and the percentage assay value was found to be 102.5, which is in agreement with its label claimed.ConclusionThe developed redox-based colorimetric method could be used in the routine quality control analysis of dolutegravir present in various pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Virtual consultations: delivering outpatient clinics in paediatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Charnell A. M. , Hannon E. , Burke D. , Iredale M. R. , Sutcliffe J. R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many changes to clinical practice, including the introduction of remote clinics. Those familiar with remote clinics have reported benefits to their use, such as patient satisfaction and cost benefits; however, ongoing challenges exist, including delivering optimal patient-centred care. As a tertiary paediatric surgery unit in the UK, completing remote clinics was a new experience for most of our surgical team. We completed a service evaluation early into the COVID-19 pandemic aiming to define and address issues when delivering remote clinics in paediatric surgery. Remote clinics were observed (telephone and video), with follow-up calls to families following the consultations.

Results
Eight paediatric surgeons were observed during their remote clinics (telephone n = 6, video n = 2). Surgeons new to remote clinics felt their consultations took longer and were reluctant to discharge patients. The calls did not always occur at the appointed time, causing some upset by parents. Prescription provision and outpatient investigations led to some uncertainty within the surgical team. Families (n = 11) were called following their child’s appointment to determine how our remote clinics could be optimised. The parents all liked remote clinics, either as an intermediate until a face-to-face consultation or for continued care if appropriate.
Our findings, combined by discussions with relevant managers and departments, led to the introduction of recommendations for the surgical team. An information sheet was introduced for the families attending remote clinics, which encouraged them to take notes before and during their consultations.

Conclusions
There must be strong support from management and appropriate departments for successful integration of remote clinics. Surgical trainees and their training should be considered when implementing remote clinics. Our learning from the pandemic may support those considering integrating remote clinics in the future.
Do obese patients with primary knee osteoarthritis benefit from a single bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise?
Authors: Shaat Reham M. , Elsaid Tamer O. , EL Baz Aymen , Monir Rehan , Machaly Shereen Aly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity and osteoarthritis are often concomitant. Both are accompanied by oxidative stress and stimulated inflammatory response. Exercise is considered a substantial treatment in rehabilitation of both conditions. Yet most of literature reported the benefits of regular exercising, while there is paucity about the effects of single low to moderate exercise session. This study aimed to investigate the possible potential effects of a single bout of moderate exercise in obese middle-aged individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).ResultsScore of pain and Western Ontario and Mc-Master University (WOMAC) had been improved 24 h after exercise. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased post-exercise but decreased the next 24 h though remained higher than baseline. Blood glucose level was reduced post-exercise whereas blood lipids still uninfluenced by exercise. Markers of inflammation remained unchanged after exercise session.ConclusionA single bout moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is effective in improving pain and antioxidant activity among middle-aged obese patients with primary knee OA. Single bout of mild to moderate exercise may help in treatment of obese patients with KOA.Trial registrationClinical Trials.gov Identifier:NCT03927339
Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Care: How the Pandemic Is Delaying Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment for American Seniors
Authors: Patt Debra , Gordan Lucio , Diaz Michael , Okon Ted , Grady Lance , Harmison Merrill , Markward Nathan , Sullivan Milena , Peng Jing , Zhou Anan 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSEWhile the immediate care and access disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have received growing attention in certain areas, the full range of gaps in cancer screenings and treatment is not yet well understood or well documented throughout the country comprehensively.METHODSThis study used a large medical claims clearinghouse database representing 5%-7% of the Medicare fee-for-service population to characterize changes in the utilization of cancer care services and gain insight into the impact of COVID-19 on the US cancer population, including identification of new patients, gaps in access to care, and disruption of treatment journeys.RESULTSIn March-July 2020, in comparison with the baseline period of March-July 2019, there is a substantial decrease in cancer screenings, visits, therapy, and surgeries, with variation by cancer type and site of service. At the peak of the pandemic in April, screenings for breast, colon, prostate, and lung cancers were lower by 85%, 75%, 74%, and 56%, respectively. Significant utilization reductions were observed in April for hospital outpatient evaluation and management (E&M) visits (−74%), new patient E&M visits (−70%), and established patient E&M visits (−60%). A decrease in billing frequency was observed for the top physician-administered oncology products, dropping in both April (−26%) and July (−31%). Mastectomies were reduced consistently in April through July, with colectomies similarly reduced in April and May and prostatectomies dipping in April and July.CONCLUSIONThe current impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care in the United States has resulted in decreases and delays in identifying new cancers and delivery of treatment. These problems, if unmitigated, will increase cancer morbidity and mortality for years to come.
2019 Presidential Address: Sameness and Difference in Ethnohistory
Authors: Shoemaker Nancy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis presidential address, presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory at Penn State University in 2019, draws attention to the politics of sameness and difference with examples of how people in the past invoked sameness or difference to include or exclude, disempower or empower, or advocate for equality or inequality. The address then asks how the politics of sameness and difference intersect with scholars’ use of sameness and difference in their analyses. It recommends that ethnohistorians think carefully about their word choices, assumptions, and the kinds of questions they ask about European and Native American historical actors, because these can result in misleading inferences about sameness and difference.
Military Networks at the Extremes of Empire: The Che of Chile and the Puebloans of the United States
Authors: Sauer Jacob J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAt the northern and southern ends of the Spanish “Empire,” two cultures of similar sociopolitical complexity violently removed Spanish invaders from their ancestral territory. The Che of southern Chile militarily engaged the Spanish in the mid-sixteenth century and eventually forced the Spanish to abandon their colonization attempts. The Puebloans of the southwestern United States also forced the Spanish to flee from Puebloan territory in 1680, but by 1696, Puebloan territories returned to Spanish hegemony. This article compares some of the reasons why the Che maintained independence for more than 350 years while Puebloan independence lasted 16, examining the military power networks of the Che and Puebloans and the timing of resistance to Spanish incursion. These comparisons highlight some of the diverse reactions of foreign groups and how connections between peoples affect how individuals and communities react to outside influences.
A Study in Distant Reading: Genre and the Longue Durée in the Age of AI
Authors: Goodlad Lauren M. E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This essay explores “distant reading,” first, as a project of studying genre at supratextual scales of analysis (from early conceptions to computationalist successors) and, second, through the prescient late Victorian literary persona with which the latter practices intersect. A Study in Scarlet, the novella that introduced Sherlock Holmes, offers the first meditation on distant reading. A split double plot that anticipates generic fissures within crime fiction broadly conceived, A Study in Scarlet creates a data-centric detective intelligence in dialogue with late Victorian statistical innovations that remain central to machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) today. Doyle’s generically split novella shows that the charismatic detective who dominates its first part is the merely partial virtuoso of a limited form. As such, A Study in Scarlet invites us to contemplate and clarify the humanistic stakes of machine “reading” during what some AI commentators conceive as a fourth industrial revolution.
Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells for Premetastatic Niche Disruption After Tumor Resection
Authors: Tang Fan , Tie Yan , Hong Weiqi , Wei Yuquan , Tu Chongqi , Wei Xiawei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurgical resection is a common therapeutic option for primary solid tumors. However, high cancer recurrence and metastatic rates after resection are the main cause of cancer related mortalities. This implies the existence of a “fertile soil” following surgery that facilitates colonization by circulating cancer cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are essential for premetastatic niche formation, and may persist in distant organs for up to 2 weeks after surgery. These postsurgical persistent lung MDSCs exhibit stronger immunosuppression compared with presurgical MDSCs, suggesting that surgery enhances MDSC function. Surgical stress and trauma trigger the secretion of systemic inflammatory cytokines, which enhance MDSC mobilization and proliferation. Additionally, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) directly activate MDSCs through pattern recognition receptor-mediated signals. Surgery also increases vascular permeability, induces an increase in lysyl oxidase and extracellular matrix remodeling in lungs, that enhances MDSC mobilization. Postsurgical therapies that inhibit the induction of premetastatic niches by MDSCs promote the long-term survival of patients. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and β-blockade, or their combination, may minimize the impact of surgical stress on MDSCs. Anti-DAMPs and associated inflammatory signaling inhibitors also are potential therapies. Existing therapies under tumor-bearing conditions, such as MDSCs depletion with low-dose chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors, MDSCs differentiation using all-trans retinoic acid, and STAT3 inhibition merit clinical evaluation during the perioperative period. In addition, combining low-dose epigenetic drugs with chemokine receptors, reversing immunosuppression through theEnhanced Recovery After Surgeryprotocol, repairing vascular leakage, or inhibiting extracellular matrix remodeling also may enhance the long-term survival of curative resection patients.
"Διαφορά και Φιλοσοφία του Γίγνεσθαι στους Derida, Deleuze kai Guaattari: Ριζική Ετερότητα και Ασύμμετρη Ηθική"
Authors: Γκαραγκούνης Θάνος 
Published: November 2020

Η παρούσα εργασία στοχεύει να ανοίξει ένα διάλογο με μια συγκεκριμένη οπτική, γύρω από το μετανεωτερικό πρόταγμα, κυρίως όπως εμφανίζεται μέσα από τα γραπτά 1) του Derrida 2) του Deleuze και 3) του Guattari. Η οπτική αυτή δεν μπορεί με κανένα τρόπο να είναι εξαντλητική. Περιορίζεται στην ανάδειδη της ετερότητας, του άλλου και άρα του ηθικού, όπως το επιτρέπει μια ανάγνωση των παραπάνω θεωρητικών, γύρω από δύο σημεία που έχουν καίρια θέση σε αυτές τις θεωρήσεις. Τα δύο αυτά σημεία αφορούν α) την φιλοσοφία του γίγνεσθαι και της διαφοράς έξω από την εγελιανή διαλεκτική της άρνησης και αντίθεσης και β) τη διάνοιξη της ετερότητας και του άλλου πέρα και έξω από κάθε βία- πολιτική, θεωρητική ή πρακτική. Οι σχέσεις των 1, 2 και 3 με τα α και β είναι ακριβώς το ανά χείρας εγχείρημα.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome outbreaks associated with climate variability in Northwestern Argentina, 1997–2017
Authors: Ferro Ignacio , Bellomo Carla M. , López Walter , Coelho Rocío , Alonso Daniel , Bruno Agostina , Córdoba Francisco E. , Martinez Valeria P. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Rodent-borne hantaviruses (genus Orthohantavirus) are the etiologic agents causing two human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Euroasia; and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North and South America. In South America fatality rates of HPS can reach up to 35%–50%. The transmission of pathogenic hantaviruses to humans occurs mainly via inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents. Thus, the epidemiology of HPS is necessarily linked to the ecology of their rodent hosts and the contact with a human, which in turn may be influenced by climatic variability. Here we examined the relationship between climatic variables and hantavirus transmission aim to develop an early warning system of potential hantavirus outbreaks based on ecologically relevant climatic factors.

Methodology and main findings
We compiled reported HPS cases in northwestern Argentina during the 1997–2017 period and divided our data into biannual, quarterly, and bimestrial time periods to allow annual and shorter time delays to be observed. To evaluate the relationship of hantavirus transmission with mean temperature and precipitation we used dynamic regression analysis. We found a significant association between HPS incidence and lagged rainfall and temperature with a delay of 2 to 6 months. For the biannual and quarterly models, hantavirus transmission was positively associated with lagged rainfall and temperature; whereas the bimestrial models indicate a direct relationship with the rainfall but inverse for temperature in the second lagged period.

Conclusions/Significance
This work demonstrates that climate variability plays a significant role in the transmission of hantavirus in northwestern Argentina. The model developed in this study provides a basis for the forecast of potential HPS outbreaks based on climatic parameters. Our findings are valuable for the development of public health policies and prevention strategies to mitigate possible outbreaks. Nonetheless, a surveillance program on rodent population dynamics would lead to a more accurate forecast of HPS outbreaks.
Extracellular non-coding RNA signatures of the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Ancarola María Eugenia , Lichtenstein Gabriel , Herbig Johannes , Holroyd Nancy , Mariconti Mara , Brunetti Enrico , Berriman Matthew , Albrecht Krystyna , Marcilla Antonio , Rosenzvit Mara Cecilia , Kamenetzky Laura , Brehm Klaus , Cucher Marcela 
Published: November 2020

Extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs) are secreted by cells through different means that may involve association with proteins, lipoproteins or extracellular vesicles (EV). In the context of parasitism, ex-RNAs represent new and exciting communication intermediaries with promising potential as novel biomarkers. In the last years, it was shown that helminth parasites secrete ex-RNAs, however, most work mainly focused on RNA secretion mediated by EV. Ex-RNA study is of special interest in those helminth infections that still lack biomarkers for early and/or follow-up diagnosis, such as echinococcosis, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. In this work, we have characterised the ex-RNA profile secreted by in vitro grown metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis, the casuative agent of alveolar echinococcosis.
We have used high throughput RNA-sequencing together with RT-qPCR to characterise the ex-RNA profile secreted towards the extra- and intra-parasite milieus in EV-enriched and EV-depleted fractions. We show that a polarized secretion of small RNAs takes place, with microRNAs mainly secreted to the extra-parasite milieu and rRNA- and tRNA-derived sequences mostly secreted to the intra-parasite milieu. In addition, we show by nanoparticle tracking analyses that viable metacestodes secrete EV mainly into the metacestode inner vesicular fluid (MVF); however, the number of nanoparticles in culture medium and MVF increases > 10-fold when metacestodes show signs of tegument impairment. Interestingly, we confirm the presence of host miRNAs in the intra-parasite milieu, implying their internalization and transport through the tegument towards the MVF. Finally, our assessment of the detection of Echinococcus miRNAs in patient samples by RT-qPCR yielded negative results suggesting the tested miRNAs may not be good biomarkers for this disease.
A comprehensive study of the secretion mechanisms throughout the life cycle of these parasites will help to understand parasite interaction with the host and also, improve current diagnostic tools.
A compelling symmetry: The extended fetuses-at-risk perspective on modal, optimal and relative birthweight and gestational age
Authors: Joseph K. S. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The relationship between several intriguing perinatal phenomena, namely, modal, optimal, and relative birthweight and gestational age, remains poorly understood, especially the mechanism by which relative birthweight and gestational age resolve the paradox of intersecting perinatal mortality curves.

Methods
Birthweight and gestational age distributions and birthweight- and gestational age-specific perinatal death rates of low- and high-risk cohorts in the United States, 2004–2015, were estimated using births-based and extended fetuses-at-risk formulations. The relationships between these births-based distributions and rates, and the first derivatives of fetuses-at-risk birth and perinatal death rates were examined in order to assess how the rate of change in fetuses-at-risk rates affects gestational age distributions and births-based perinatal death rate patterns.

Results
Modal gestational age typically exceeded optimal gestational age because both were influenced by the peak in the first derivative of the birth rate, while optimal gestational age was additionally influenced by the point at which the first derivative of the fetuses-at-risk perinatal death rate showed a sharp increase in late gestation. The clustering and correlation between modal and optimal gestational age within cohorts, the higher perinatal death rate at optimal gestational age among higher-risk cohorts, and the symmetric left-shift in births-based gestational age-specific perinatal death rates in higher-risk cohorts explained how relative gestational age resolved the paradox of intersecting perinatal mortality curves.

Conclusions
Changes in the first derivative of the fetuses-at-risk birth and perinatal death rates underlie several births-based perinatal phenomena and this explanation further unifies the fetuses-at-risk and births-based models of perinatal death.