bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical assessment of intravitreal ramucirumab: in vitro and in vivo safety profile
Authors: de Moraes Neto Jarbas Emílio , Pereira Felipe , Neves Raquel Leão , de Barros Nilana Meza Tenório , Gil Cristiane Damas , Fernandes Arthur Gustavo , Watanabe Sung Eun Song , Meyer Carsten Helmut , Farah Michel Eid , Rodrigues Eduardo Buchele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Anti-angiogenic drugs remain the mainstay therapy for several vascular retinal pathologies. The repurposing of approved anti-angiogenic drugs for use in ophthalmology can increase therapeutic options and reduce costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ocular safety profile of intravitreal (IVT) ramucirumab, an approved anti-vascular endothelial growth factor molecule for systemic treatment, using cell culture and animal models.

Methods
The cytotoxicity of ramucirumab at different concentrations was evaluated in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) using the MTT assay. In addition, 250 or 500 µg of ramucirumab or vehicle was injected in the eye of 16 chinchilla rabbits. The eyes were evaluated by ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and by light and transmission electron microscopy.

Results
Electroretinography or SD-OCT did not detect functional or morphological alterations at 24 h or one week after injection. Light and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the absence of major signs of toxicity, although we found a statistically significant reduction in ganglion cell number between the controls and the eyes that received 500 µg of ramucirumab after 7 days. Compared to lower concentrations, 500 µg of ramucirumab caused reduction in cell viability and changes in morphology in ARPE-19 cells. Compared to the baseline, ocular and serum osmolarity showed no difference after IVT injection at all timepoints.

Conclusion
In conclusion, IVT injection of ramucirumab in rabbits is safe and does not cause functional damage to the retina. At the lower dose tested in vivo (250 µg), the morphology and ultrastructural anatomy were normal at 24 h and 1 week after the injection. However, the 500 µg dose can cause a decrease in ganglion cell number seven days after the injection.
Systematic Assessment of Tumor Purity and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Haider Syed , Tyekucheva Svitlana , Prandi Davide , Fox Natalie S. , Ahn Jaeil , Xu Andrew Wei , Pantazi Angeliki , Park Peter J. , Laird Peter W. , Sander Chris , Wang Wenyi , Demichelis Francesca , Loda Massimo , Boutros Paul C. ,   The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE The tumor microenvironment is complex, comprising heterogeneous cellular populations. As molecular profiles are frequently generated using bulk tissue sections, they represent an admixture of multiple cell types (including immune, stromal, and cancer cells) interacting with each other. Therefore, these molecular profiles are confounded by signals emanating from many cell types. Accurate assessment of residual cancer cell fraction is crucial for parameterization and interpretation of genomic analyses, as well as for accurately interpreting the clinical properties of the tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS To benchmark cancer cell fraction estimation methods, 10 estimators were applied to a clinical cohort of 333 patients with prostate cancer. These methods include gold-standard multiobserver pathology estimates, as well as estimates inferred from genome, epigenome, and transcriptome data. In addition, two methods based on genomic and transcriptomic profiles were used to quantify tumor purity in 4,497 tumors across 12 cancer types. Bulk mRNA and microRNA profiles were subject to in silico deconvolution to estimate cancer cell–specific mRNA and microRNA profiles. RESULTS We present a systematic comparison of 10 tumor purity estimation methods on a cohort of 333 prostate tumors. We quantify variation among purity estimation methods and demonstrate how this influences interpretation of clinico-genomic analyses. Our data show poor concordance between pathologic and molecular purity estimates, necessitating caution when interpreting molecular results. Limited concordance between DNA- and mRNA-derived purity estimates remained a general pan-cancer phenomenon when tested in an additional 4,497 tumors spanning 12 cancer types. CONCLUSION The choice of tumor purity estimation method may have a profound impact on the interpretation of genomic assays. Taken together, these data highlight the need for improved assessment of tumor purity and quantitation of its influences on the molecular hallmarks of cancers.
A escrita de Graciliano Ramos nas páginas de Cultura Política: revista mensal de estudos brasileiros
Authors: Faria Patricia Aparecida Gonçalves de 
Published: September 2020

Aliando a prática da escrita de romances e contos com a imprensa, Graciliano Ramos (1892-1953), colaborou durante os anos de 1941 a 1944, com Cultura Política: revista mensal de estudos brasileiros (1941-1944), principal publicação do Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda (DIP), controlado pelo Estado Novo, responsável pela sua prisão em 1936, sem a mínima acusação formal. Assim, considerando o percurso intelectual e literário do autor de Vidas Secas, este trabalho pretende, a partir de teóricos como Antelo (1984), Andrade (1941), Candido (2001), Salla(2010), Velloso (1982), entre outros, levantar as características da revista e as suas estratégias para manter em seu rol de colaboradores figuras importantes, como Graciliano Ramos e, ainda, levantar as publicações do autor para o periódico verificando as estratégias de escrita utilizadas pelo escritor para servir o Estado sem, contudo, se render a ideologia do governo.
Os simples, de Guerra Junqueiro, e a imprensa carioca
Authors: Santos Simões Junior Alvaro 
Published: September 2020

De 1890 a 1893, ocorreu em Portugal um intenso movimento literário como resultado da assimilação das ideias decadentistas-simbolistas emanadas de França. Publicaram-se nesse período dezesseis obras com tendências inovadoras. No Rio de Janeiro, a imprensa acompanhou sem muito entusiasmo as notícias e as polêmicas motivadas pelas publicações e atitudes de Eugênio de Castro, Antônio Nobre e Alberto de Oliveira, entre outros jovens escritores. No entanto, a obra decadentista-simbolista que mais despertou interesse dos jornais e revistas cariocas foram Os simples, livro de poesia lírica publicado pelo veterano Guerra Junqueiro em 1892. A análise de notícias, resenhas e artigos sobre essa obra possibilita compreender um pouco melhor o modo por que se deu a assimilação do decadentismo-simbolismo no Brasil.
Orpheu e a imprensa no caderno de Alfredo Guisado: “Recortes” de uma revista literária
Authors: Gebra Fernando De Moraes 
Published: September 2020

Alfredo Guisado (1891-1975) organizou um caderno de recortes de imprensa sobre a revista Orpheu em 1915. Muitos desses textos coletados e arquivados no caderno de recortes foram publicados e comentados por Alfredo Guisado na sua página literária no jornal República, principalmente na década de 1960. O presente artigo examina esses textos onde se citam e se transcrevem integralmente recortes da imprensa portuguesa de 1915. A crítica literária, entendida como um gênero do discurso, responde a enunciados anteriores, estabelecendo com eles uma relação viva e tensa, conforme Mikhail Bakhtin. Analiso neste artigo o confronto entre três enunciações: a) o discurso da imprensa portuguesa em 1915 acerca da recepção de Orpheu; b) o discurso dos presencistas vistos como discurso de outrem no interior das enunciações de Alfredo Guisado na década de 1960; c) o discurso de Guisado, marcado por ironias, polêmica velada e até mesmo polêmica aberta. Guisado tinha, pois, como objetivo esclarecer ao público como se pautavam os juízos da crítica de então e, ao mesmo tempo, responder a atitudes discursivas de membros da geração da revista presença, que propagava no meio literário português a ideia de terem sido eles os grandes divulgadores dos textos dos de Orpheu.
al-Kafā’atu al-Żātiyyatu Ladā al- Ṭalabati fī Tanfīżi Istirātījiyyāti Ta’līmi ISSO (al-Ta’līmi al-Żātīy wa al-Iyhāiyyati wa al-Muţaşhili al-Mubāsyiri)
Authors: Deviana Ade Destri 
Published: September 2020

Arabic Learning Concentration centered on writing skills (kitābah) is the teacher's step to perfect the student’s mastery of mahāratu al-lughawiyyah. Its achievement is in accordance with the 2013 curriculum and the needs of students are able to make sentences and practice of qawāid nahwiyah (imlā'), compile simple paragraphs (insha'), and translate (tarjamah). The teacher is also able to direct students to be confident in their ability to do the kitābah assignment which is considered difficult and monotonous by using learning strategies during the government policy for conducting e-learning at home because of the Covid-19 virus. This study uses questionnaires, interviews, and direct participant observation with a qualitative descriptive approach. The sample is 10 grade students in their second semester of MANPK-MAN 4 Banjar Indonesia academic year 2019-2020, aiming to determine students' self-efficacy in the implementation of the kitābah learning strategy, so that students are able to maintain their confidence. The results of the study were students' self-efficacy at a high level with an average value of 3.10 and the kitābah learning strategy used was ISSO (Independent Study, suggestopedia with Online). Independent Study makes students actively study and try to be independent. Suggestopedia as a process of generating student motivation uses sound, film and games. Most students (14%) enjoy online learning because they do not have to go to school, references are available on Google and learning can be done while relaxing. Other students (86%) prefer offline or in class learning because they could meet face to face, interact, understand clearly, be focused and effective.
Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Kitābah, Independent Study, Suggestopedia, Online, Covid-19
Measurement Performance Evaluation of Tactile Pressure Sensor with Different Particle Sizes and Sensor Curvatures
Authors: Liu KaiYuan , Xu ChengShun , Zhang Xiaoling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In small-scale geotechnical experiments, using a tactile pressure sensor (TPS) to measure soil pressure distribution on a curved surface can effectively reduce errors of mismatch caused by size, stiffness, and incomplete fitting with the measured object. TPS has more benefits than soil pressure cells in measuring curve surface pressure, but some issues remain unclear, such as the effect of negative-piezoresistivity and particle size on the measurement. In this article, the author first puts forward a method to effectively reduce the errors of TPS in the low-pressure measurement zone. Then, through a load test in six types of narrow-graded sand, the ratio of the maximum particle size to the size of the sensor unit is obtained, and the effect of negative piezoresistivity on the measurement is evaluated. Finally, a small laboratory test proves that TPS can comprehensively and meticulously reflect the pressure on the pile. After careful calibration and considering the effect of deflection and particle size, it is shown that the measurement errors can be kept within an acceptable range.
SYNGAP1Controls the Maturation of Dendrites, Synaptic Function, and Network Activity in Developing Human Neurons
Authors: Llamosas Nerea , Arora Vineet , Vij Ridhima , Kilinc Murat , Bijoch Lukasz , Rojas Camilo , Reich Adrian , Sridharan BanuPriya , Willems Erik , Piper David R. , Scampavia Louis , Spicer Timothy P. , Miller Courtney A. , Holder J. Lloyd , Rumbaugh Gavin 
Published: September 2020

SYNGAP1is a major genetic risk factor for global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and epileptic encephalopathy.De novoloss-of-function variants in this gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by cognitive impairment, social-communication disorder, and early-onset seizures. Cell biological studies in mouse and rat neurons have shown thatSyngap1regulates developing excitatory synapse structure and function, with loss-of-function variants driving formation of larger dendritic spines and stronger glutamatergic transmission. However, studies to date have been limited to mouse and rat neurons. Therefore, it remains unknown howSYNGAP1loss of function impacts the development and function of human neurons. To address this, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to ablateSYNGAP1protein expression in neurons derived from a commercially available induced pluripotent stem cell line (hiPSC) obtained from a human female donor. Reducing SynGAP protein expression in developing hiPSC-derived neurons enhanced dendritic morphogenesis, leading to larger neurons compared with those derived from isogenic controls. Consistent with larger dendritic fields, we also observed a greater number of morphologically defined excitatory synapses in cultures containing these neurons. Moreover, neurons with reduced SynGAP protein had stronger excitatory synapses and expressed synaptic activity earlier in development. Finally, distributed network spiking activity appeared earlier, was substantially elevated, and exhibited greater bursting behavior inSYNGAP1null neurons. We conclude thatSYNGAP1regulates the postmitotic maturation of human neurons made from hiPSCs, which influences how activity develops within nascent neural networks. Alterations to this fundamental neurodevelopmental process may contribute to the etiology ofSYNGAP1-related disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSYNGAP1is a major genetic risk factor for global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and epileptic encephalopathy. While this gene is well studied in rodent neurons, its function in human neurons remains unknown. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to disruptSYNGAP1protein expression in neurons derived from an induced pluripotent stem cell line. We found that induced neurons lacking SynGAP expression exhibited accelerated dendritic morphogenesis, increased accumulation of postsynaptic markers, early expression of synapse activity, enhanced excitatory synaptic strength, and early onset of neural network activity. We conclude thatSYNGAP1regulates the postmitotic differentiation rate of developing human neurons and disrupting this process impacts the function of nascent neural networks. These altered developmental processes may contribute to the etiology ofSYNGAP1disorders.
LEVAN PRODUCTION POTENTIALS FROM DIFFERENT HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENTS IN TURKEY
Authors: AYTAR CELİK Pinar , Çakmak Hakan , Çınar Seval , Hoşgün Emir Zafer , Mutlu M. Burçin , Çabuk Ahmet 
Published: September 2020

12 halophilic strains from different hypersaline environments such as solar salterns in Tuzlagözü (Sivas), Fadlum (Sivas), Kemah (Erzincan), a hypersaline spring water in Pülümür (Tunceli) and a saline lake in Delice (Kırıkkale) belonging to Turkey, were investigated in terms of levan production. After incubation and ethyl alcohol treatment, dialysis process was operated for partial purification. Levan amounts in our samples after hydrolysis were calculated based on the amount of sugar obtained by acid hydrolysis of standard levan. Sugar amount of samples were determined using by high performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC). 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of the levan sample and standard were recorded. The results obtained by HPLC analysis showed that Chromohalobacter canadensis strain 85B had highest production potential as 234.67 mg levan/g biomass. The chemical shifts of 1H-NMR spectrum of the extracted levan also showed high similarity to those of pure levan isolated from Erwinia herbicola. Furthermore, Marinobacter sp. 163Y strain also is also capable with regard to levan production. In this study, this strain could yield 230.80 mg/g levan and this potential was first reported in the literature.
Endemic Non–SARS-CoV-2 Human Coronaviruses in a Community-Based Australian Birth Cohort
Authors: Grimwood Keith , Lambert Stephen B. , Ware Robert S. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 pandemic has drawn attention to the CoV virus family. However, in community settings, there is limited information on these viruses in healthy children. We explored the epidemiology of the 4 endemic (non–severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2) human coronaviruses (HCoVs) by species, including acute illness episodes, risk factors, and health care burden in Australian children in the first 2 years of life.

METHODS:
The Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases community-based cohort was a prospective study of acute respiratory illnesses in children from birth until their second birthday. Parents recorded daily symptoms, maintained an illness-burden diary, and collected weekly nasal swabs, which were tested for 17 respiratory viruses, including HCoVs, by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.

RESULTS:
Overall, 158 children participating in Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases provided 11 126 weekly swabs, of which 168 were HCoV-positive involving 130 incident episodes. HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 were most commonly detected, accounting for two-thirds of episodes. Whereas 30 children had different HCoVs detected on different occasions, 7 were reinfected with the same species. HCoV incidence in the first 2 years of life was 0.76 episodes per child-year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 0.91), being greatest in the second year (1.06; 95% CI 0.84 to 1.33) and during winter (1.32; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.71). Fifty percent of HCoV episodes were symptomatic, and 24.2% led to health care contact.

CONCLUSIONS:
In children, HCoV infections are common, recurrent, and frequently asymptomatic. In future studies, researchers should determine transmission pathways and immune mechanisms.
Transição para educação infantil: estudo comparativo do processo de vinculação primária e secundária
Authors: Pereira Veronica Aparecida , Rodrigues Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim , Izidoro Isabela Rocha 
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo buscou: 1) descrever e comparar: a) a qualidade do vínculo entre o bebê-mãe e bebê-educadora, aos nove e doze meses de vida; b) a percepção do temperamento do bebê pelas mães e educadoras e, 2) correlacionar os indicadores de vinculação com os escores obtidos nas escalas de temperamento. Participaram nove bebês e suas respectivas mães e duas educadoras que responderam a escala de temperamento e foram filmadas individualmente com os respectivos bebês, aos nove e doze meses. Os resultados indicaram a presença de vinculação primária com a mãe e secundária com a educadora, ambas satisfatórias. Não houve correlações entre temperamento e comportamentos interativos na interação mãe-bebê, mas foram observadas entre educadora-bebê. Embora o vínculo mãe-bebê seja mais forte, a qualidade estabelecida com as educadoras sugere que a transição para a educação infantil pode ser positiva.
COVID-19 Y VULNERABILIDAD SOCIAL: ANALISIS DESCRIPTIVO DE UNA SERIE DE CASOS DEL AREA METROPOLITANA DE BUENOS AIRES*
Authors: Gonzalez Malena , Ameri Lucía , Muñoz Laura , Luzuriaga Juan Pedro , Pifano Marina , Velázquez Vanesa , Zucchino Betina , Specogna Mariana , Pesci Santiago , Garcia Enio , Comes Yamila 
Published: September 2020

Introducción: La morbi-mortalidad por COVID-19 constituye un problema de salud pública en Argentina y la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Las poblaciones con vulnerabilidad social poseen una fragilidad que las expone a riesgos de manera potenciada. Objetivo: Caracterizar la vulnerabilidad social de una serie de casos confirmados con residencia en el Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Fueron analizadas variables de sexo, edad, evolución y domicilio categorizadas por medio del Índice de Vulnerabilidad Socio Territorial. Resultados: la edad de los casos fue entre 20 y 59 años, el sexo fue un 48% mujeres y el restante varones. De zonas vulnerables hubo un 47% de casos. Las internaciones fueron el 28% de los casos, la mayoría de zonas no vulnerables. Llegaron a cuidados intensivos el 3,8% de los casos. Los casos con vulnerabilidad tuvieron mayor requerimiento de cuidados intensivos. La letalidad fue de 2,4% y fue mayor en varones. A partir de los 60 años el exceso de letalidad en zonas vulnerables fue estadísticamente significativo. Discusión: Entre los casos no hubo diferencias importantes entre los residentes de zonas vulnerables y no vulnerables. Las diferencias estuvieron marcadas en la gravedad (medido por internación en UCI) y letalidad de los mayores de 60 años que fue mayor en zonas vulnerables. La vulnerabilidad se expresó en la evolución de la enfermedad de los mayores de 60 años.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Duygusal Zekaları ile Demokratik Algı ve Tutumları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZASLAN Hatice , KUMCAĞIZ Hatice , BABA ÖZTÜRK Melek 
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının duygusal zeka ile demokratik algı
ve tutumlarının cinsiyet, okul türü ve anne-baba eğitim durumuna göre
değerlendirilmesi ve öğretmen adaylarının duygusal zekaları ile demokratik algı
ve tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel nitelikte
olan araştırmada tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 314 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın
verileri Tutkun ve Genç (2013) tarafından geliştirilen “Demokratik Algı ve
Tutum Ölçeği” ile Tatar, Tok ve Saltukoğlu (2011) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan
“Gözden Geçirilmiş Schutte Duygusal Zeka Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin
analizinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma gibi betimleyici istatistiklerin
yanı sıra Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskall Wallis H testi ve korelasyon analizi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda duygusal zeka ile demokratik algı ve
tutumlar arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının duygusal zekalarının bölüm ve cinsiyete, demokratik
algı ve tutumlarının ise mezun olunan lise türüne göre alt boyutlar açısından
anlamlı biçimde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları literatür
eşliğinde tartışılmıştır.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with open angle glaucoma
Authors: R Modi Chandani , M Solu Trupti , Korat Drashti , Mavani Jainika , U Rana Jay 
Published: September 2020

Glaucoma is second leading cause of blindness in world. Various treatment modalities are available for glaucoma management. Thus, the question arises whether SLT can be interchangeably used in place of medical drugs or not.To examine the effect of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as a replacement therapy for medically controlled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.A longitudinal studySLT was performed in 30 eyes of 15 patients with medically controlled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases from June 2018 to October 2019 and with no previous history of glaucoma surgery. Data were recorded 1 hr, 1day, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after SLT. The primary outcome was number of medications at 6 months while maintaining a predetermined target intraocular pressure (IOP).Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) reduced number of medications from a mean of 1.6 at baseline to 0.17 after 6 months. Meanwhile, SLT achieved more than 20% IOP lowering in 100% of eyes after 6 months. Eighty seven percent of our eyes no longer needed any medication after SLT at 6 months.Selective laser trabeculoplasty was able to completely replace medical therapy in 87% of eyes after 6 months. Medically managed POAG patients who underwent SLT, maintained good IOP control with less medications, better compliance, reduced side effects and financial burden.