bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gut bacterial community affects immunity but not metabolism in a specialist herbivorous butterfly
Authors: Duplouy Anne , Minard Guillaume , Saastamoinen Marjo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Many plant tissues are not resources of optimal nutritious value. They often lack essential nutritive elements and may contain a range of secondary toxic compounds. As nutritional imbalance in food intake may affect the performances of herbivores, the latter have evolved a variety of physiological mechanisms to cope with the challenges of digesting their plant-based diet. Some of these strategies involve living in association with symbiotic microbes that promote the digestion and detoxification of plant compounds, or supply their host with essential nutrients missing from the plant diet. In Lepidoptera, a growing body of evidence has, however, recently challenged the idea that herbivores are nutritionally dependent on their gut microbial community. It is suggested that many of the herbivorous species may not host a resident microbial community, but rather a transient one, acquired from their environment and diet. Results By coupling comparative meta-barcoding, immune gene expression and metabolomics analyses with experimental manipulation of the gut microbial community of pre-diapause larvae of the Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia, L.), we tested whether the larvae host a gut microbial community that supports growth and survival, and modulates metabolism and immunity during the early stages of development. We successfully altered this microbiota through antibiotic treatments, and consecutively restored it through fecal transplants from conspecifics. Under laboratory conditions, Firmicutes dominated the bacterial microbiota associated with the gut and frass of non-treated larvae, even though these Gram-positive bacteria were not found in association with the host plant, Plantago lanceolata . Furthermore our study suggests that the microbiota is involved in the up-regulation of an antimicrobial peptide, but did not affect the life-history traits or the metabolism of early instars larvae. Conclusions This study confirms the poor impact of the microbiota on diverse life history traits of yet another Lepidoptera species. However, it also suggests that potential eco-evolutionary host-symbiont strategies that take place in the gut of herbivorous butterfly hosts might have been disregarded, particularly how the microbiota may affect the host immune system homeostasis.
Induction and prevention of gastric cancer with combined Helicobacter pylori and capsaicin administration and DFMO treatment, respectively
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Xin Mingxia , Gao Yunfeng , Monts Josh , Monson Kjersten , Wang Qiushi , Bode Ann M. , dong zigang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Gastric cancer risk evolves over time due to environmental, dietary, and lifestyle changes including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and consumption of hot peppers (i.e. capsaicin). H. pylori infection promotes gastric mucosal injury in the early phase of capsaicin exposure. In addition, capsaicin consumption is reported to suppress immune function and increase host susceptibility to microbial infection. This relationship suggests a need to investigate the mechanism of how both H. pylori infection and capsaicin contribute to gastric inflammation and lead to gastric cancer. No previous experimental animal models have been developed to study this dual association. Here we developed a series of mouse models that progress from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. C57-Balb/c mice were infected with the H. pylori (SS1) strain and then fed capsaicin (0.05% or 0.2g/kg/day) or not. Consequently, we investigated the association between H. pylori infection and capsaicin consumption during the initiation of gastric inflammation and the later development of gastric cancer. Tumor size and phenotype were analyzed to determine the molecular mechanism driving the shift from gastritis to stomach cancer. Gastric carcinogenesis was also prevented in these models using the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor DFMO (2-difluoromethylornithine). Results: This study provides evidence showing that a combination of H. pylori infection and capsaicin consumption leads to gastric carcinogenesis. The transition from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer is mediated through interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulation with an incidence rate of 50%. However, this progression can be prevented by treating with anti-inflammatory agents. In particular, we used DFMO to prevent gastric tumorigenesis by reducing inflammation and promoting recovery of disease-free stasis. The anti-inflammatory role of DFMO highlights the injurious effect of inflammation in gastric cancer development and the need to reduce gastric inflammation for cancer prevention. Conclusions: Overall, these mouse models provide reliable systems for analyzing the molecular mechanisms and synergistic effects of H. pylori and capsaicin on human cancer etiology. Accordingly, preventive measures like reduced capsaicin consumption, H. pylori clearance, and DFMO treatment can lessen gastric cancer incidence. Lastly, anti-inflammatory agents like DFMO can play important roles in prevention of inflammation-associated gastric cancer.
A refined zirconium-in-rutile thermometer
Authors: Kohn Matthew J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The zirconium-in-rutile thermometer enjoys widespread use, but confidence in its accuracy is limited because experiments were conducted at higher temperatures than many rutile-bearing rocks and calibration uncertainties have not been quantitatively assessed. Refined calibrations were developed using bootstrap regression to minimize residuals in the natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant, based on experiments only (n = 32) and on a combined compilation of experiments and natural data (n = 94, total). Rearranging the regression to solve for T, and expressing Zr concentration (C) in parts per million (μg/g), the calibrations in the α-quartz stability field are:
Experimental data set:
T ( C ∘ ) = 68740 + 0 . 441 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 114 · C ( ppm ) 129 . 76 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15 .
Combined data set:
T ( C ∘ ) = 71360 + 0 . 378 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 130 · C ( ppm ) 130 . 66 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 1 .
Thermodynamics of the quartz-coesite transition as applied to the calibration for α-quartz yields calibrations for the coesite stability field:
Experimental data set
T ( C ∘ ) = 71290 + 0 . 310 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 114 · C ( ppm ) 128 . 76 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15 .
Combined data set:
T ( C ∘ ) = 73910 + 0 . 247 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 130 · C ( ppm ) 129 . 65 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15.
Propagated temperature uncertainties are ±20–30 °C (2σ) for the experimental data set calibration, and ±10–15 °C (2σ) for the combined data set. Compared to previous experimental calibrations, the refined thermometer predicts temperatures up to 40 °C lower for T ≤ 550 °C, and systematically higher temperatures for T &gt; 800 °C. With careful attention to distributions of Zr in rutile grains, precisions of ±5 °C and accuracies ~±15 °C may be possible, although a poor understanding of how to select compositions for thermometry will typically lead to larger uncertainties. The ZiR calibration promises continued high-precision and accurate thermometry, and possibly improved thermodynamic properties, but the sources of compositional variability in rutile warrant further scrutiny.
Deconvolution of the composition of fine-grained pyrite in sedimentary matrix by regression of time-resolved LA-ICP-MS data
Authors: Stepanov Aleksandr S. , Danyushevsky Leonid V. , Large Ross R. , Mukherjee Indrani , Zhukova Irina A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPyrite is a common mineral in sedimentary rocks and is the major host for many chalcophile trace elements utilized as important tracers of the evolution of the ancient hydrosphere. Measurement of trace element composition of pyrite in sedimentary rocks is challenging due to fine-grain size and intergrowth with silicate matrix and other sulfide minerals. In this contribution, we describe a method for calculation of trace element composition of sedimentary pyrite from time-resolved LA-ICP-MS data. The method involves an analysis of both pyrite and pyrite-free sediment matrix, segmentation of LA-ICP-MS spectra, normalization to total, regression analysis of dependencies between the elements, and calculation of normalized composition of the mineral. Sulfur is chosen as an explanatory variable, relative to which all regressions are calculated. The S content value used for calculation of element concentrations from the regressions is calculated from the total, eliminating the need for independent constraints. The algorithm allows efficient measurement of concentrations of multiple chalcophile trace elements in pyrite in a wide range of samples, including quantification of detection limits and uncertainties while excluding operator bias. The data suggest that the main sources of uncertainties in pyrite composition are sample heterogeneity and counting statistics for elements of low abundance. The analysis of regression data of time-resolved LA-ICP-MS measurements could provide new insights into the geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks and minerals. It allows quantification of ratios of elements that do not have reference material available (such as Hg) and provides estimates on the content of non-sulfidic Fe in the silicate matrix. Regression analysis of the mixed LA-ICP-MS signal could be a powerful technique for deconvolution of phase compositions in complex multicomponent samples.
Decoupled water and iron enrichments in the cratonic mantle: A study on peridotite xenoliths from Tok, SE Siberian Craton
Authors: Doucet Luc S. , Xu Yongjiang , Klaessens Delphine , Hui Hejiu , Ionov Dmitri A. , Mattielli Nadine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWater and iron are believed to be key constituents controlling the strength and density of the lithosphere and, therefore, play a crucial role in the long-term stability of cratons. On the other hand, metasomatism can modify the water and iron abundances in the mantle and possibly triggers thermo-mechanical erosion of cratonic keels. Whether local or large scale processes control water distribution in cratonic mantle remains unclear, calling for further investigation. Spinel peridotite xenoliths in alkali basalts of the Cenozoic Tok volcanic field sampled the lithospheric mantle beneath the southeastern margin of the Siberian Craton. The absence of garnet-bearing peridotite among the xenoliths, together with voluminous eruptions of basaltic magma, suggests that the craton margin, in contrast to the central part, lost its deep keel. The Tok peridotites experienced extensive and complex metasomatic reworking by evolved, Ca-Fe-rich liquids that transformed refractory harzburgite to lherzolite and wehrlite. We used polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to obtain water content in olivine, orthopyroxene (Opx), and clinopyroxene (Cpx) of 14 Tok xenoliths. Olivine, with a water content of 0–3 ppm H2O, was severely degassed, probably during emplacement and cooling of the host lava flow. Orthopyroxene (49–106 ppm H2O) and clinopyroxene (97–300 ppm H2O) are in equilibrium. The cores of the pyroxene grains, unlike olivine, experienced no water loss due to dehydration or addition attributable to interaction with the host magma. The water contents of Opx and Cpx are similar to those from the Kaapvaal, Tanzania, and North China cratons, but the Tok Opx has less water than previously studied Opx from the central Siberian craton (Udachnaya, 28–301 ppm; average 138 ppm). Melting models suggest that the water contents of Tok peridotites are higher than in melting residues, and argue for a post-melting (metasomatic) origin.Moreover, the water contents in Opx and Cpx of Tok peridotites are decoupled from iron enrichments or other indicators of melt metasomatism (e.g., CaO and P2O5). Such decoupling is not seen in the Udachnaya and Kaapvaal peridotites but is similar to observations on Tanzanian peridotites. Our data suggest that iron enrichments in the southeastern Siberian craton mantle preceded water enrichment. Pervasive and large-scale, iron enrichment in the lithospheric mantle may strongly increase its density and initiate a thermo-magmatic erosion. By contrast, the distribution of water in xenoliths is relatively “recent” and was controlled by local metasomatic processes that operate shortly before the volcanic eruption. Hence, water abundances in minerals of Tok mantle xenoliths appear to represent a snapshot of water in the vicinity of the xenolith source regions.
O impacto do gerenciamento de leitos na gestão hospitalar
Authors: Wasgen Alexsandra Maria , Terres Mellina da Silva , Machado Bárbara Foiato Hein 
Published: January 2020

O processo de desenvolvimento das organizações hospitalares em busca da melhoria da qualidade de seus serviços tem sido motivado por um conjunto de fatores, como o aumento da demanda e o número limitado de leitos hospitalares. Neste sentido, novas áreas de gestão hospitalar começam a se desenvolver, como por exemplo a gestão de leitos. Considerando isto, esse trabalho objetiva propor um modelo teórico para a gestão de leitos. No Brasil, como em outros países em desenvolvimento, o setor hospitalar precisa aprimorar o desempenho em gestão para atender à demanda, sendo o gerenciamento de leitos um dos processos críticos nos quais os hospitais têm sido confrontados. Portanto, faz-se necessário identificar claramente os processos que interagem na ocupação dos leitos, para, posteriormente, serem propostas melhorias neste sentido. Assim, através da revisão bibliográfica realizada, constatou-se que a implantação do modelo teórico pode aumentar o número de pacientes atendidos, por meio, principalmente, da redução do tempo de limpeza dos leitos - o que possibilita a gestão de leitos alocar outro paciente para o leito vago em menos tempo - , a criação de salas de espera para pacientes com alta médica - que possibilita que o leito seja reocupado por outros pacientes - , e os planos de altas médicas, os quais possibilitam que toda a equipe conheça a fase do tratamento estado paciente, reduzindo atrasos, erros e tempo de internação.
Reposicionamento dental imediato em segundo molar inferior: relato de caso Immediate dental repositioning in second molar tooth: case report
Authors: Cavalcante Mateus Barros , Rocha Caroline Brígida Sá , Gomes Larissa Gabriele Batista , Uchôa Caio Pimenteira , Paiva Macêdo Rômulo Augusto de , Santos Marcelo Soares dos , Silva Emanuel Dias de Oliveira e 
Published: January 2020

Introdução: Dentes inclusos podem ser definidos como os que permanecem sobre tecido duro ou mole após cessados os estímulos eruptivos fisiológicos. A verticalização cirúrgica é um manejo do dente com intuito de reposicioná-lo para que ele possa cumprir sua função dentro da boca. Essa técnica deve ser utilizada sempre que o elemento dentário em questão apresente condições de saúdeou sem grandes destruições, o que possibilita ser mantido. Devese lançar mão dessa cirurgia principalmente em pacientes jovens, para permitir uma melhor saúde estomatognática, diminuindo a necessidade de reabilitação protética precoce. Objetivo: Apresentar a vantagem do reposicionamento imediato do dente. Relato de caso: Paciente jovem, 21 anos, do sexo masculino, encontrava-se com o terceiro e segundo molares inclusos, com o último prejudicando o dente adjacente. O reposicionamento mediante verticalização cirúrgica permitiu o rápido retorno funcional do elemento dentário, assim como a sua permanência dentro da cavidade oral. Após a cirurgia, o paciente foi encaminhado para tratamento endodôntico do elemento. Conclusão: A verticalização cirúrgica proporcionou o reposicionamento dental imediato, mostrando ser uma técnica cirúrgica rápida e de fácil manuseio, com bom prognóstico e baixo índice de complicações
Esclerodermia: uma doença sistêmica com manifestações na cavidade oral e periodonto Sclerodermia: a systemic disease with manifestations in oral cavity and periodontics
Authors: Kohane Julia Grimberg , Perpetuo Kamilla Gabrielle Silva , Heymovski Janaína Lima , Candido Bruno Fernando , Santos Felipe Rychuv , Storrer Carmen L. Mueller , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda 
Published: January 2020

Introdução: A esclerodermia é uma desordem pertencente a um grupo de doenças autoimunes do tecido conjuntivo, caracterizada por esclerose na pele, pulmões, coração, trato gastrointestinal, rins e sistema musculoesquelético. Das manifestações orais e periorais, são evidentes aumento do espaço do ligamento periodontal, limitação da função mastigatória, dificuldade no processo de reparo, fibrose da pele, diminuição da abertura bucal, xerostomia, cárie, entre outros.Em virtude das alterações na microcirculação dos tecidos gengivais e dos medicamentos sistêmicos, pode haver inflamação gengival e desenvolvimento de hiperplasia gengival. A xerostomia e as alterações escleróticas das mãos e dedos contribuem para um maior acúmulo de placa nesses pacientes. Objetivo: Relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente portadora de esclerodermia sistêmica (ES) e a associação dessa doença com as manifestações orais e periodontais. Relato decaso: Paciente A.M.S., 47 anos, sexo feminino, diagnosticada com ES há 16 anos, apresentou em associação à doença sistêmica diferentes manifestações orais e periodontais, como aumento do espaço do ligamento periodontal, diminuição da abertura bucal, limitação da função mastigatória, dificuldade no processo de reparo, fibrose da pele, xerostomia, cárie, sangramento gengival, presença de cálculo dental e mobilidade dentária. Conclusão: Os sinais e sintomas apresentados podem interferir na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Portanto, é de extrema importância o cirurgião-dentista estar atento às manifestações, a fim de orientar e motivar os pacientes com o intuito de diminuir os fatores de risco, proporcionar um tratamento apropriado ou até mesmo realizar um possível diagnóstico da doença.
Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Diseases: Promising Molecular Drug Targets and their Clinical Development
Authors: Thapa Komal , Grewal Ajmer Singh , Kanojia Neha , Rani Lata , Sharma Neelam , Singh Sukhbir 
Published: January 2020

:
Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases have become a serious concern worldwide.
Both these liver diseases have an identical pathology, starting from simple steatosis to cirrhosis
and, ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment options for alcoholic liver disease
(ALD) are still the same as they were 50 years ago which include corticosteroids, pentoxifylline,
antioxidants, nutritional support and abstinence; and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), weight loss, insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering agents and anti-oxidants are the only
treatment options. Despite broad research in understanding the disease pathophysiology, limited
treatments are available for clinical use. Some therapeutic strategies based on targeting a specific
molecule have been developed to lessen the consequences of disease and are under clinical investigation.
Therefore, focus on multiple molecular targets will help develop an efficient therapeutic
strategy. This review comprises a brief overview of the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD; recent
molecular drug targets explored for ALD and NAFLD that may prove to be effective for multiple
therapeutic regimens and also the clinical status of these promising drug targets for liver diseases.
Synthesis, Antitrypanosomal and Antimycobacterial Activities of Coumarin N-acylhydrazonic Derivatives
Authors: Capelini Camila , Câmara Vitória R.F. , Villar José D. Figueroa , Barbosa Juliana M.C. , Salomão Kelly , de Castro Solange L. , Junior Policarpo A.S. , Murta Silvane M.F. , Couto Thais B. , Lourenço Maria C.S. , Wardell James L. , Low John N. , da Silva Edson F. , Carvalho Samir A. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Near to 5-7 million people are infected with T. cruzi in the world, and
about 10,000 people per year die of problems associated with this disease.

Method:
Herein, the synthesis, antitrypanosomal and antimycobacterial activities of seventeen
coumarinic N-acylhydrazonic derivatives have been reported.

Results:
These compounds were synthesized using methodology with reactions global yields ranging
from 46%-70%. T. cruzi in vitro effects were evaluated against trypomastigote and amastigote,
forming M. tuberculosis activity towards H37Rv sensitive strain and resistant strains.

Discussion:
Against T. cruzi, the more active compounds revealed only moderate activity
IC50/96h~20 μM for both trypomastigotes and amastigotes intracellular forms. (E)-2-oxo-N'-
(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide showed meaningful activity in
INH resistant/RIP resistant strain.

Conclusion:
These compound acting as multitarget could be good leads for the development of
new trypanocidal and bactericidal agents.
Assessment of an Electrocoagulation Reactor for the Removal of Oil Content and Turbidity from Real Oily Wastewater Using Response Surface Method
Authors: AlJaberi Forat Y. , Abdulmajeed Basma A. , Hassan Ali A. , Ghadban Muhib L. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Large amounts of oily wastewater and its derivatives are discharged
annually from several industries to the environment.

Objective:
The present study aims to investigate the ability to remove oil content and turbidity
from real oily wastewater discharged from the wet oil's unit (West Qurna 1-Crude Oil Location/
Basra-Iraq) by using an innovated electrocoagulation reactor containing concentric
aluminum tubes in a monopolar mode.

Methods:
The influences of the operational variables (current density (1.77-7.07 mA/cm2)
and electrolysis time (10-40 min)) were studied using response surface methodology (RSM)
and Minitab-17 statistical program. The agitation speed was taken as 200 rpm. Energy and
electrodes consumption had been studied and modeled.

Results:
The results revealed the positive effect of the electrodes design on the studied responses.

Conclusion:
Under the optimum values of the operating variables (5.675 mA/cm2, 40 min),
85.982% and 84.439% removal efficiencies of oil content and turbidity respectively were obtained
and the consumption of energy and electrodes were observed as 4.333kWh/m3 and
0.36 g respectively.
The Effect of Loan and Intellectual Capital on Profitability with Credit Risk as Moderating
Authors: Erzha Eria Latifalia , Sudarma Made , Rahman Aulia Fuad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract: This study aims to examine and empirically prove the moderating effects of credit risk on the relationship between the loan and intellectual capital with profitability. The sample selection technique uses purposive sampling, and data analysis uses moderated regression analysis. The result shows that loan has a positive effect on profitability, intellectual capital has positive effect on profitability, and credit risk moderates the effect of loan and intellectual capital on profitability. Keywords: loan, intellectual capital, credit risk, bank profitability.Pengaruh Pinjaman dan Modal Intelektual Terhadap Profitabilitas dengan Risiko Kredit sebagai PemoderasiAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan membuktikan secara empiris efek moderasi risiko kredit terhadap hubungan pinjaman (loan) dan intellectual capital dengan profitabilitas. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan analisis data menggunakan moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pinjaman berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas, intellectual capital berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas, dan risiko kredit memoderasi pengaruh pinjaman dan intellectual capital terhadap profitabilitas. Kata Kunci: pinjaman, loan, intellectual capital, risiko kredit, profitabilitas bank.