bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent Inversion of Noisy Non‐Abelian X‐Ray Transforms
Authors: Monard François , Nickl Richard , Paternain Gabriel P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor M a simple surface, the nonlinear statistical inverse problem of recovering a matrix field from discrete, noisy measurements of the SO(n)‐valued scattering data CΦ of a solution of a matrix ODE is considered (n ≥ 2). Injectivity of the map Φ ↦ CΦ was established by Paternain, Salo, and Uhlmann in 2012. A statistical algorithm for the solution of this inverse problem based on Gaussian process priors is proposed, and it is shown how it can be implemented by infinite‐dimensional MCMC methods. It is further shown that as the number N of measurements of point evaluations of CΦ increases, the statistical error in the recovery of Φ converges to 0 in L2(M)‐distance at a rate that is algebraic in 1/N and approaches for smooth matrix fields Φ. The proof relies, among other things, on a new stability estimate for the inverse map CΦ → Φ.Key applications of our results are discussed in the case n = 3 to polarimetric neutron tomography. © 2020 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
A new ‐map mechanism for mobility traces privacy
Authors: Ye Ayong , Meng Lingyu , Zhang Jiaomei , Diao Yiqing 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA major concern of the deployment of location based services (LBSs) is the safeguards of the user's location data collected by service providers, since personal location data may imply sensitive private information. However, most available works proposed so far rely on syntactic privacy models such as k‐anonymity and location perturbation, which are proved to quiver in the balance with privacy and usability requirements. In this article, we provide a new ‐map mechanism to help users better understand the privacy/accuracy tradeoff process and preserve location data. In our ‐map model, the user can specify a geographic region to hide her precise location and suppress the following queries in the same area to meet her privacy requirement, while maintaining and understanding its usability. In addition, we propose a new notion of ‐privacy based on differential privacy to account for the temporal‐spatial correlation and history correlation in the case of crossing region, which is the major privacy concern of a moving user's trace. Finally, we evaluate our framework by using an online LBS with real‐world data sets. The results not only indicate that the ‐map is significantly useful for identifying the privacy and utility tradeoffs but also show the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed ‐privacy.
(N),C,N‐Coordinated Heavier Group 13–15 Compounds: Synthesis, Structure and Applications
Authors: Dostál Libor , Jambor Roman , Aman Michal , Hejda Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this review is to summarize recent achievements in the field of (N),C,N‐coordinated group 13–15 compounds not only regarding their synthesis and structure, but mainly focusing on their potential applications. Relevant compounds contain various types of N‐coordinating ligands built up on an ortho‐(di)substituted phenyl platform. Thus, group 13 and 14 derivatives were used as single‐source precursors for the deposition of semiconducting thin films, as building blocks for the preparation of high‐molecular polymers with remarkable optical and chemical properties or as compounds with interesting reactivity in hydrometallation processes. Group 15 derivatives function as catalysts in the Mannich reaction, in the allylation of aldehydes or activation of CO2. They were used as transmetallation reagents in transition metal catalysed coupling reactions. The univalent species serve as ligands for transition metals, activate alkynes or alkenes and are utilized as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of azo‐compounds.
The evaluation of a southern African cowpea germplasm collection for seed yield and yield components
Authors: Mbuma Ntombokulunga W. , Gerrano Abe S. , Lebaka Ntjapa , Mofokeng Alina , Labuschagne Maryke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a valuable crop for subsistence farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa. Characterization and evaluation of cowpea germplasm collections based on seed yield for genotype × environment (GE) interactions can assist in improving the adaptability and stability across environments. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic variability in the germplasm collection, to determine the magnitude of GE interactions, to identify superior genotypes across environments, and to determine the phenotypic correlations among the seed yield and related traits. Seventy‐five cowpea genotypes were planted in three different locations during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 cropping seasons, and data were collected for seed yield and its components. Highly significant (P < .001) genotype effect for seed yield traits suggested great genetic differences among the tested populations. Significant (P < .05) genotype × location interaction (GL), genotype × season interaction (GS), and genotype × location × season interaction (GLS) effects were observed for seed yield traits, indicating the presence of complex GE interactions. The GLS effect was more than the GL and GS effects for seed yield, 100‐seed weight, number of pods, and pod width, highlighting the difficulty in genetic improvement of these traits. Cowpea genotypes 6 (ARC006), 49 (ARC049), 63 (IT90K‐76), and 57 (PAN311) showed high yield, wide adaptation, and stability. Genotype 58 (NGOII) and 1 (ARC001) showed high yield, instability, and specific adaptation. No clear mega‐environments were identified. Significant (P < .05) correlations were observed among most of the traits evaluated. The results obtained can serve as a guide and basis of germplasm management and improvement of cowpea seed yield.
Map‐based cloning and characterization of YGL22, a new yellow‐green leaf gene in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Zhu Yu , Yan Peiwen , Dong Shiqing , Hu Zejun , Wang Ying , Yang Jinshui , Xin Xiaoyun , Luo Xiaojin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLeaf‐color mutants have been extensively studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and many corresponding genes have been identified and cloned. However, the mechanism of complex leaf‐color mutations requires further study. In this study, we obtained an introgression line (TIL22) from a set of introgression lines raised using African cultivated rice (O. glaberrima Steud.) as the donor parent and O. sativa subsp. indica Teqing as the recipient. Compared with Teqing, TIL22 showed a yellow‐green leaf phenotype at the seedling stage, but the leaves gradually changed to green after the five‐leaf stage. The photosynthetic pigment contents of yellow‐green leaves at the seedling stage were significantly reduced and chloroplast development was retarded compared with those of Teqing. Genetic analysis indicated that the introgression line phenotype was controlled by a single nuclear gene, temporarily designated YGL22. Map‐based cloning and sequence analysis suggested that the candidate gene was likely to be LOC_Os01g15390, which encodes a chloroplast protein. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that the YGL22 transcript level was significantly lower in TIL22 than that of Teqing at the seedling stage. We generated the ygl22 knockout mutant using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The ygl22 mutants showed a similar phenotype to that of TIL22 at the seedling stage, suggesting that YGL22 may be involved in the early development of chloroplasts in rice. In addition, plant height, number of panicles per plant, and grain yield per plant of ygl22 were not significantly affected. The results indicate that YGL22 can be used as a trait marker gene in hybrid rice production.
Genome‐wide association studies of antimicrobial activity in global sorghum
Authors: Shields Lindsay , Gang Yang , Jordan Kathleen , Sapkota Sirjan , Boatwright Lucas , Jiang Xiuping , Kresovich Stephen , Boyles Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a common feed grain globally with vast genetic and phytochemical diversity that may provide numerous health benefits, including its aptitude as an antimicrobial feed grain. This study highlights the antimicrobial potential of a collection of 384 diverse sorghum accessions against two prominent foodborne pathogens, Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella enterica. Following extensive screening, we determined that sorghum grain extract is more efficient at inhibiting C. perfringens than S. enterica. Antimicrobial activity observed against C. perfringens was not significantly correlated with either total phenols (r = 0.12) or tannin concentration (r = 0.12). Moreover, we mapped loci associated with antimicrobial activity to C. perfringens that are independent of loci associated with total phenols and tannins. The two most significant associations were determined to have an epistatic interaction and 20 candidate genes were identified. By sequence homology studies, we found the potential functions of these candidates to include plant stress response (Sobic.002G083600) and phenol metabolism regulation (Sobic.010G222600). Additionally, we noted no relationship between antimicrobial activity and either grain yield or composition. These results highlight significant heritable variation of antimicrobial activity in sorghum that may be useful for breeding to improve its value as a feed source by incorporating grain‐based antibiotics in animal production.
“Basis of yield component compensation in crop plants with special reference to field bean, Phaseolus vulgaris” by M. Wayne Adams, Crop Science (1967) 7, 505–510
Authors: Sinclair Thomas R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article is part of a series of brief commentaries to highlight papers that have resulted in important and distinctly new perspectives in crop science. A criterion for selection of papers is that they must have been published at least 20 yr ago to allow for a long‐range perspective in assessment of the papers. The current article briefly reviews the paper by M. Wayne Adams published in 1967 that provided original insights about compensation in the components of seed number and seed yield in determining crop yield. Adams reviewed experimental results in a large number of crop species and discovered a consistent negative correlation between seed number and mean seed mass. He labeled this negative correlation as “component compensation” in the formation of yield. He hypothesized that component compensation resulted from limiting nutrient‐metabolite availability to support developing reproductive structures. Ultimately, the retained seeds would be filled to the extent allowed by the supply of nutrient‐metabolites so that there was compensation between seed number and individual seed mass.
Silicon and selenium fertilizer management improved productivity and aroma of fragrant rice
Authors: Du Bin , Wang Wenxi , Jiang Shuochen , Xie Yimei , Cheng Yinjie , Xu Jianlong , Xing Danying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth Si and Se are the nutrient elements which had significant effects on crop growth and development. However, the application of Si and Se fertilizer management in field production of fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) was rarely reported. The present study was conducted with the objective to explore the effects of Si and Se fertilizer on fragrant rice performance though a six‐season field experiment. The Se rates were set at three levels: 0 g ha−1 (Se0), 36 g ha−1 (Se1), and 72 g ha−1 (Se2). The SiO2 rates were set at three levels: 0 kg ha−1 (Si0), 22.45 kg ha−1 (Si1), and 45 kg ha−1 (Si2). Compared with Si0Se0 treatment, Si and Se treatments significantly increased SPAD values and net photosynthetic rates of fragrant rice at tillering stage and heading stage. Higher grain yield, effectively panicle number and seed‐setting rate were also recorded in Si1Se1, Si1Se2, Si2Se1, and Si2Se2 treatments than Si0Se0 treatment in each cropping season. Moreover, Si and Se fertilizer management significantly increased the grain 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP, main component of fragrant rice aroma) concentrations and the Si2Se1 treatment produced the highest or equally highest grain 2‐AP concentration in each cropping season.
Impact of ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic on cytology: An institutional experience
Authors: Rana Chanchal , Kumar Sumit , Babu Suresh , Kushwaha Rashmi , Singh Uma S. , Ramakant Pooja , Singh Kulranjan , Mishra Anand 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has greatly impacted the health services worldwide, challenging the way modern medicine has been practiced for decades.AimThe present study documents an institutional experience on its impact on cytology services.Materials & MethodsThe cytology samples received during lock down period in India (24 March to 17 May 2020) were analysis and compared to the samples received during the same time frame in year 2019.ResultsThe data revealed an overall 92.6% reduction in cytology samples received. All sample types were reduced with a statically significant reduction in thyroid cytology samples (P‐value: .023). There was relative increase in breast and lymph node samples; however, this relative increase was not statistically significant. The malignancy rate also significantly increased by 34.1% accompanied by decrease in neoplastic category among the samples received during COVID‐19 lockdown period. Breast samples remain the most frequent sample type both in pre‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 periods. Majority of fine‐needle aspiration done in these cases, during the lockdown period, were either in cases for recurrence or primary diagnosis.ConclusionPrioritization of samples, proper precautions and triaging of patients before procedure helped in carrying out this procedure safely.
The role of maternal environment on calibrating “Mini Puberty” in early infant development
Authors: Corpuz Randy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe postnatal period is a time of increased brain development and plasticity which have enduring influences on brain and behavior. Infants demonstrate a transient surge in testosterone (T) during development referred to as “mini puberty”. The utility of studying mini puberty in psychobiology has only recently emerged. Life‐history theory postulates that infants “use” the maternal environment—pre and postnatally—to calibrate growth and timing of sexual maturity. As such, variability in infant T levels is not arbitrary and can be predicted by theory. We examine the role of maternal pre‐ and postnatal cortisol. Using saliva samples (n = 193 dyads), we predicted that higher levels of maternal cortisol are associated with higher levels of infant T. We found only maternal postnatal cortisol had a relationship with infants’ mini puberty. This relationship was in the predicted direction and remained after controlling for numerous variables. Discussion will include the potential role of mini puberty as an inflection point where systems related to growth, sexual maturation, and psychosexual behavior can be calibrated and coordinated.
Nitrogen isotope composition of amino acids reveals trophic partitioning in two sympatric amphipods
Authors: Ledesma Matias , Gorokhova Elena , Holmstrand Henry , Garbaras Andrius , Karlson Agnes M. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccording to ecological theory, two species cannot occupy the same niche. Using nitrogen isotope analyses (δ15N) of amino acids, we tested the extent to which two sympatric deposit‐feeding amphipods, Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata, partition their trophic resources. We found that trophic position (TP) and resynthesis index (∑V; a proxy for degradation status of ingested material prior to assimilation by the consumer) differ between species. The surface‐feeding M. affinis had higher TP and intermediate ∑V, both pointing to a large contribution of metazoans in its diet. P. femorata, which feeds in the subsurface layers, had lower TP and a bimodal distribution of the ∑V values, supporting previous experimental evidence of a larger feeding niche. We also evaluated whether TP and ∑V values have consequences for amphipod fecundity and embryo viability and found that embryo viability in M. affinis was negatively linked to TP. Our results indicate that the amino acid‐δ15N data paired with information about reproductive status are useful for detecting differences in the trophic ecology of sympatric amphipods.
Biocultural diversity of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) across Eurasia
Authors: Pollegioni Paola , Lungo Stefano Del , Müller Ruth , Woeste Keith E. , Chiocchini Francesca , Clark Jo , Hemery Gabriel E. , Mapelli Sergio , Villani Fiorella , Malvolti Maria Emilia , Mattioni Claudia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA biocultural diversity approach integrates plant biology and germplasm dispersal processes with human cultural diversity. An increasing number of studies have identified cultural factors and ethnolinguistic barriers as the main drivers of the genetic diversity in crop plants. Little is known about how anthropogenic processes have affected the evolution of tree crops over the entire time scale of their interaction with humans. In Asia and the Mediterranean, common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) have been economically and culturally important crops for millennia; there, in ancient times, they were invested with symbolic and religious significance. In this study, we detected a partial geographic congruence between the ethno‐linguistic repartition of human communities, the distribution of major cognitive sets of word‐related terms, and the inferred genetic clusters of common walnut and sweet chestnut populations across Eurasia. Our data indicated that isolation by distance processes, landscape heterogeneity and cultural boundaries might have promoted simultaneously human language diversification and walnut/chestnut differentiation across the same geographic macro‐regions. Hotspots of common walnut and sweet chestnut genetic diversity were associated with areas of linguistic enrichment in the Himalayas, Trans‐Caucasus, and Pyrenees Mountains, where common walnuts and sweet chestnuts had sustained ties to human culture since the Early Bronze Age. Our multidisciplinary approach supported the indirect and direct role of humans in shaping walnut and chestnut diversity across Eurasia from the EBA (e.g., Persian Empire and Greek–Roman colonization) until the first evidence of active selection and clonal propagation by grafting of both species. Our findings highlighted the benefit of an efficient integration of the relevant cultural factors in the classical genome (G) × environmental (E) model and the urgency of a systematic application of the biocultural diversity concept in the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of tree species.
Bismuth Oxide Selenium/Graphene Oxide Composites: Toward High‐Performance Electrodes for Aqueous Alkaline Battery
Authors: Liu Yi‐Lin , Li Meng‐Qiu , Wang Gui‐Gen , Dang Le‐Yang , Li Fei , Pam Mei Er , Zhang Hua‐Yu , Han Jie‐Cai , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: September 2020

Aqueous alkaline battery represents a promising energy storage technology with both high energy density and high power density as rechargeable batteries. However, the low theoretical capacities, kinetics and stability of anode materials have limited their developments and commercializations. In this study, we propose a novel method to produce two‐dimensional layered bismuth oxide selenium (Bi2O2Se) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites via a one‐step hydrothermal method. The volume change caused by phase change during rapid charging and discharging is significantly reduced and the capacity reaches 263.83 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The Bi2O2Se/rGO electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability in which the capacity retention rate is 81.04% after 5000 cycles. More importantly, the Bi2O2Se/rGO nanosheet composite is used as the anode electrode material with MnCo2O4.5@Ni(OH)2 as the cathode electrode material in aqueous alkaline battery. When the energy density is 76.16 W h kg−1, the power density reaches 308.65 W kg−1. At a power density of 10.21 kW kg−1, the energy density remains as high as 33.86 W h kg−1. The results presented here may advance the understanding of the issues facing the development of aqueous battery anode materials.
In‐hospital mortality in heart failure in Germany during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bollmann Andreas , Hohenstein Sven , König Sebastian , Meier‐Hellmann Andreas , Kuhlen Ralf , Hindricks Gerhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe Covid‐19 pandemic affects care for cardiovascular conditions, but data on heart failure (HF) are scarce. This study aims to analyse HF care and in‐hospital outcomes during the pandemic in Germany.Methods and resultsA total of 9452 HF admissions were studied using claims data of 65 Helios hospitals; 1979 in the study period (13 March 30 April 2020) and 4691 and 2782 in two control periods (13 March to 30 April 2019 and 1 January to 12 March 2020). HF admissions declined compared with both control periods by 29–38%. Cardiac resynchronization therapy was implanted in 0.55% during the study period, 0.32% [odds ratio (OR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–4.04, P = 0.27] in the previous year and 0.43% (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.64–2.84, P = 0.43) in the same year control. Intensive care treatment was 6.22% during the study period, 4.49% in the previous year (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.13–1.89, P < 0.01), and 5.27% in the same year control (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.96–1.49, P = 0.12). Length of hospital stay was 7.0 ± 5.0 days in the study and 7.8 ± 5.6 (P < 0.01) and 7.3 ± 5.1 days (P = 0.07) in the control periods. In‐hospital mortality was 7.0% in the study and 5.5% in both control periods (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDuring the early phase of the Covid‐19 pandemic in Germany, HF treatment pathways seem not to be affected, but hospital stay shortened and in‐hospital mortality increased. As the pandemic continues, this early signal demands close monitoring and further investigation of potential causes.
Interrogation of Electrochemical Performance of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Metal‐organic Framework Hybrid for Asymmetric Supercabattery Application
Authors: Teffu Daniel M. , Makhafola Mogwasha D. , Ndipingwi Miranda M. , Makhado Edwin , Hato Mpitloane J. , Iwuoha Emmanuel I. , Modibane Kwena D. , Makgopa Katlego 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLarge scale energy storage system with low cost, high power, and long cycle life is crucial for addressing the energy crisis, especially when integrated with renewable energy resources. To realize grid‐scale applications of the energy storage devices, there remain several key issues including the development of low‐cost, high‐performance materials that are environmentally friendly. This study explores the synergic contribution of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on metal organic framework (MOF) as positive electrode for asymmetric supercabattery. The structural elucidation of the synthesised hybrid material and its precursors were characterised using XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM and TEM. The electrochemical analysis of the synthesised hybrid material and its precursors was achieved using CV, GCD and EIS. The electrochemical behaviour of NF‐rGO/MOF hybrid obtained from the three‐electrode system exhibited a battery‐type behaviour and accomplished an improved specific capacity of 459.0 Cg−1 at the current density of 1.5 A g−1. Furthermore, the two‐electrode system fabricated in an asymmetric configuration made of NF‐rGO/MOF hybrid as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode studied in 3.0 M KOH electrolyte, exhibited specific capacity of about 48.81 Cg−1 at the current density of 0.4 A g−1, the corresponding maximum energy density of 11.0 Wh kg−1 and the maximum power density of 640.45 W kg−1. The cycling stability of the rGO/MOF hybrid asymmetric device displayed 70 % capacity retention after 2000 cycles.