bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tubercles Shape on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Wind Turbine Blade Operating at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Swasthika D. S. , Varpe Mahesh K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In wind turbine blade, most of the losses occurs due to aerodynamic losses in the post stall operating condition. Adoption of the blade leading edge tubercles improves the post stall aerodynamic performance. Nevertheless the geometric parameters of the protuberance play a vital role in influencing the aerodynamic performance, it is possible that shape of the protuberance may also have aerodynamic significance. In this paper different types of tubercle shapes are adopted on the blade leading edge to study the improvement in the aerodynamic performance. Each of the shape is studied for different AOA operating at Reynolds number of 3 × 105. The results revealed that the shape of the tubercles also influence the flow which affects the performances.
Identification of Wake Convection and Flow Outline in the Interface Region of Blade Rows With Axial Gap in a Counter Rotating Turbine
Authors: Subbarao Rayapati , Govardhan M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In a Counter Rotating Turbine (CRT), the stationary nozzle is trailed by two rotors that rotate in the opposite direction to each other. Flow in a CRT stage is multifaceted and more three dimensional, especially, in the gap between nozzle and rotor 1 as well as rotor 1 and rotor 2. By varying this gap between the blade rows, the flow and wake pattern can be changed favorably and may lead to improved performance. Present work analyzes the aspect of change in flow field through the interface, especially the wake pattern and deviation in flow with change in spacing. The components of turbine stage are modeled for different gaps between the components using ANSYS® ICEM CFD 14.0. Normalized flow rates ranging from 0.091 to 0.137 are used. The 15, 30, 50 and 70% of the average axial chords are taken as axial gaps in the present analysis. CFX 14.0 is used for simulation. At nozzle inlet, stagnation pressure boundary condition is used. At the turbine stage or rotor 2 outlet, mass flow rate is specified. Pressure distribution contours at the outlets of the blade rows describe the flow pattern clearly in the interface region. Wake strength at nozzle outlet is more for the lowest gap. At rotor 1 outlet, it is less for x/a = 0.3 and increases with gap. Incidence angles at the inlets of rotors are less for the smaller gaps. Deviation angle at the outlet of rotor 1 is also considered, as rotor 1-rotor 2 interaction is more significant in CRT. Deviation angle at rotor 1 outlet is minimum for this gap. Also, for the intermediate mass flow rate of 0.108, x/a = 0.3 is giving more stage performance. This suggests that at certain axial gap, there is better wake convection and flow outline, when compared to other gap cases. Further, it is identified that for the axial gap of x/a = 0.3 and the mean mass flow rate of 0.108, the performance of CRT is maximum. It is clear that the flow pattern at the interface is changing the incidence and deviation with change in axial gap and flow rate. This study is useful for the gas turbine community to identify the flow rates and gaps at which any CRT stage would perform better.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Duct With Rectangular Fin Arrays
Authors: Islam Md. , Barsoum I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The need for efficient cooling techniques has motivated researchers to focus into heat transfer and flow behavior of various configurations of finned surfaces. Inclined rectangular fin is found to be an effective vortex generator for heat transfer augmentation, wherein longitudinal vortices is generated and keeps intensity at far downstream. It is expected that the heat transfer from the endwall and the fin surface can be improved and hence we have identified this configuration as very promising. Rectangular fins of different height were constructed and experimental investigation of heat transfer and flow with arrays of rectangular fins was conducted. Effect of velocity, attack angle, fin height and pitch ratio on local heat transfer coefficients is studied. In order to accomplish the experiment, 7 × 7 arrays of rectangular fins were attached on the heating surface and then placed in rectangular duct with different angle of attack to the free stream flow. Stream wise heat transfer coefficients were measured both at centerline and of 10 mm off line of heating surface by means of the thermocouples. T-type thermocouples and an infrared camera (TVS 8000) with a 160 × 120 point In-Sb sensor were used to measure the temperature and the detailed heat transfer from the endwall along with fin base.
Nonlinear Interactions Within a Flexible Rotating Shaft
Authors: Kartheek Amaroju , Vijayan Kiran 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Designing of an industrial gas turbine rotor needs a special attention to ensure safe and reliable operation of the entire machine. Rotor experiences bending, axial, and torsional vibration during the time of operation and Rotor-stator interaction during whirling involves nonlinearities in the form of friction and impact. Rub-impact is the most common fault in rotating machinery, which causes excessive vibration and reduces the efficiency of the machine. Therefore, it is very important to study and understand the contact phenomena in rotor dynamics. The purpose of this study is to understand the modal interactions that occur in a rotating flexible member. A conceptual test rig for the rotor-stator is developed experimentally and a corresponding numerical model for the system is developed. The test rig consists of a flexible rotor with two discs rotating within a localised conduit. The system is modelled as a Euler Bernoulli beam with two discs. Finite element method is used to model the system. The gyroscopic effects of the rotor also included in the model. The forward whirling frequency obtained from the experiments was used to update the bearing stiffness of the theoretical model. The contact is modelled experimentally using localised conduit with added roughness to aggravate the friction effect. A run-up analysis was carried out within the safe operating regime of the test rig and the frequencies were analysed using a time-frequency plot. The results from the study indicated the possibility of interaction between the forward and backward whirling modes which results in steady nonlinear backward whirl behaviour.
Outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with two iStent inject trabecular microbypass stents with or without endocyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Pantalon Anca Delia , Barata Andre Diogo De Oliveira , Georgopoulos Minas , Ratnarajan Gokulan 
Published: January 2020

AimComparing outcomes after combined phacoemulsification, two iStents insertion and endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) versus phacoemulsification-iStents alone.MethodsThis is a longitudinal retrospective 12 months study in eyes with ocular hypertension or early-to-moderate open angle glaucoma. Level of disease, intraocular pressure (IOP) and tolerance of glaucoma medication were considered before planning surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA-logMAR), IOP (mm Hg), number of medications were assessed at baseline, week 1, week 5, month 3, 6, 12 postop. Main outcome: percentage (%) in IOP reduction at 12 months vs medicated baseline. Secondary outcomes: absolute values of IOP/medication reduction, BCVA and postop complications.ResultsThe ICE2 (two iStents-cataract extraction-ECP) group included 63 eyes and Phaco-iStent group included 46 eyes. Baseline IOP was higher in the ICE2 than phaco-iStent group (19.97±4.31 mm Hg vs 17.63±3.86 mm Hg, p=0.004) and mean deviation was lower (−7.20±2.58 dB vs −4.94±4.51 dB, p=0.037). Number of medications were comparable at baseline: 2.22±1.06 (ICE2) vs 2.07±1.02 (phaco-iStent), p=0.442. At month 12 postop, IOP in the ICE2 group decreased 35% from baseline vs 21% in the phaco-iStent group (p=0.03); absolute IOP reduction was significantly lower than baseline in each group (p<0.001), yet final IOP was lower in the ICE2 group than phaco-iStent group (13.05±2.18 mm Hg vs 14.09±1.86 mm Hg, p=0.01). Similar results were found for glaucoma medication (1.24±1.05 in ICE2 group vs 1.39±1.03 in phaco-iStent group, p=0.01). Final BCVA was 0.11±0.18 (phaco-iStent group) vs 0.08±0.08 (ICE2 group), p=0.309. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups.ConclusionICE2 procedure offers better results in IOP/medication reduction at 12 months than phacoemulsification-iStents alone.
Workforce predictive risk modelling: development of a model to identify general practices at risk of a supply−demand imbalance
Authors: Abel Gary A , Gomez-Cano Mayam , Mustafee Navonil , Smart Andi , Fletcher Emily , Salisbury Chris , Chilvers Rupa , Dean Sarah Gerard , Richards Suzanne H , Warren F , Campbell John L 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a risk prediction model identifying general practices at risk of workforce supply–demand imbalance.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of routine data on general practice workforce, patient experience and registered populations (2012 to 2016), combined with a census of general practitioners’ (GPs’) career intentions (2016).Setting/ParticipantsA hybrid approach was used to develop a model to predict workforce supply–demand imbalance based on practice factors using historical data (2012–2016) on all general practices in England (with over 1000 registered patients n=6398). The model was applied to current data (2016) to explore future risk for practices in South West England (n=368).Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome was a practice being in a state of workforce supply–demand imbalance operationally defined as being in the lowest third nationally of access scores according to the General Practice Patient Survey and the highest third nationally according to list size per full-time equivalent GP (weighted to the demographic distribution of registered patients and adjusted for deprivation).ResultsBased on historical data, the predictive model had fair to good discriminatory ability to predict which practices faced supply–demand imbalance (area under receiver operating characteristic curve=0.755). Predictions using current data suggested that, on average, practices at highest risk of future supply–demand imbalance are currently characterised by having larger patient lists, employing more nurses, serving more deprived and younger populations, and having considerably worse patient experience ratings when compared with other practices. Incorporating findings from a survey of GP’s career intentions made little difference to predictions of future supply–demand risk status when compared with expected future workforce projections based only on routinely available data on GPs’ gender and age.ConclusionsIt is possible to make reasonable predictions of an individual general practice’s future risk of undersupply of GP workforce with respect to its patient population. However, the predictions are inherently limited by the data available.
Adolescent undernutrition in South Asia: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Estecha Querol Sara , Al-Khudairy Lena , Iqbal Romaina , Johnson Samantha , Gill Paramjit 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionThe aim of the protocol is to present the methodology of a scoping review that aims to synthesise up-to-date evidence on adolescent undernutrition in South Asia.Methods and analysisThe proposed scoping review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual. The scoping review question, eligibility criteria and search strategy will be based on the Population, Concept and Context strategy. We will conduct the search in electronic bibliographic databases (Medline (OVID), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Scopus) as well as various grey literature sources in order to synthesise and present the findings with descriptive statistics and a narrative description of both quantitative and qualitative evidence.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol does not require ethical approval. This protocol will accurately describe the proposed scoping review that will map the evidence on adolescent undernutrition in South Asia. The proposed review aims to gather published and unpublished literature to inform policy and healthcare organisations as well as identify future research priorities in South Asia.
The outcomes of biliary drainage by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction in England between 2001 and 2014: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rees James , Mytton Jemma , Evison Felicity , Mangat Kamarjit Singh , Patel Prashant , Trudgill Nigel 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionRelieving obstructive jaundice in inoperable pancreato-biliary cancers improves quality of life and permits chemotherapy. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with drainage and/or stenting relieves jaundice but can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in malignant biliary obstruction was therefore examined in a national cohort to establish risk factors for poor outcomes.MethodsRetrospective study of adult patients undergoing PTBD for palliation of pancreato-biliary cancer in England between 2001 and 2014 identified from Hospital Episode Statistics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations with mortality and the need for a repeat PTBD within 2 months.Results16 822 patients analysed (median age 72 (range 19–104) years, 50.3% men). 58% pancreatic and 30% biliary tract cancer. In-hospital and 30-day mortality were 15.3% (95% CI 14.7% to 15.9%) and 23.1% (22.4%–23.8%), respectively. 20.2% suffered a coded complication within 3 months. Factors associated with 30-day mortality: age (≥81 years OR 2.68 (95% CI 2.37 to 3.03), p<0.001), increasing comorbidity (Charlson score 20+, 3.10 (2.64–3.65), p<0.001), pre-existing renal dysfunction (2.37 (2.12–2.65), p<0.001) and non-pancreatic cancer (unspecified biliary tract 1.28 (1.08–1.52), p=0.004). Women had lower mortality (0.91 (0.84–0.98), p=0.011), as did patients undergoing PTBD in a ‘higher volume’ provider (84–180 PTBDs per year 0.68 (0.58–0.79), p<0.001).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PTBD for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction, 30-day mortality was high at 23.1%. Mortality was higher in older patients, men, those with increasing comorbidity, a cancer site other than pancreas and at ‘lower-volume’ PTBD providers.
Association of sedentary behaviour patterns with dietary and lifestyle habits among public school teachers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Delfino Leandro Dragueta , Tebar William Rodrigues , Gil Fernanda Caroline , De Souza Jefferson Marinho , Romanzini Marcelo , Fernandes Romulo Araujo , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo analyse the association of sedentary behaviour patterns with dietary and lifestyle habits among public school teachers.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsA sample of 245 teachers (186 women and 59 men) with mean age of 45.2 (±10.4) were randomly selected from public schools.Primary and secondary outcome measureSedentary behaviour was assessed by hours spent watching television, computer and cellphone/tablet use and in sitting position. Sedentary breaks were reported in a Likert scale in domains of work and leisure time. Dietary habits were assessed by weekly consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, fried foods, sweets, grains, cereals, white meat, soft drinks and snacks. Physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status were assessed by using questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence of high sedentary behaviour, high sedentary breaks at work and at leisure was 57.9%, 67.7% and 70.2% in the sample, respectively. No relationship was observed of high sedentary behaviour with dietary and lifestyle habits in adjusted analysis. However, high sedentary breaks at work were associated with high consumption of dairy products (OR=1.93 (CI 1.07 to 3.51)) and cereals (OR=2.49 (CI 1.05 to 5.92)) and with being high physically active (OR=2.57 (CI 1.14 to 5.77)). High sedentary breaks at leisure time were associated with high consumption of fruits (OR=2.33 (CI 1.28 to 4.23)) and vegetables (OR=1.91 (CI 1.05 to 3.49)) and with be high physically active (OR=2.34 (CI 1.03 to 5.35)). High sedentary breaks were associated with better dietary habits even among teachers with high sedentary behaviour.ConclusionHigh sedentary breaks were associated with better dietary habits and with high levels of physical activity among public school teachers, even those with high sedentary behaviour.
Working with lay midwives to improve the detection of neonatal complications in rural Guatemala
Authors: Juarez Michel , Juarez Yolanda , Coyote Enma , Nguyen Tony , Shaw Corey , Hall-Clifford Rachel , Clifford Gari , Rohloff Peter 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundGlobally most neonatal deaths occur within the first week of life and in low-income and middle-income countries. Strengthening health system linkages for frontline providers—such as lay midwives providing home-based obstetrical care—may improve neonatal outcomes in these settings. Here, we conducted a quality improvement study to increase the detection of neonatal complications by lay midwives in rural Guatemala, thereby increasing referrals to a higher level of care.MethodsA quality improvement team in Guatemala reviewed drivers of neonatal health services provided by lay midwives. Improvement interventions included training on neonatal warning signs, optimised mobile health technology to standardise assessments and financial incentives for providers. The primary quality outcome was the rate of neonatal referral to a higher level of care.ResultsFrom September 2017 to September 2018, participating midwives attended 869 home deliveries and referred 80 neonates to a higher level of care. A proportion control chart, using the preintervention period from January to September 2017 as the baseline, showed an increase in the referral rate of all births from 1.5% to 9.9%. Special cause was obtained in January 2018 and sustained except for May 2018. The proportion of neonates receiving assessments by midwives in the first week of life increased to >90%. A trend toward an increasing number of days between neonatal deaths did not attain special cause.ConclusionsStructured improvement interventions, including mobile health decision support and financial incentives, significantly increased the detection of neonatal complications and referral of neonates to higher levels of care by lay midwives operating in rural home-based settings in Guatemala. The results show the value of improving the integration of lay midwives and other first responders into neonatal systems of care in low-resource settings.
Acceptability of a ‘treat to target’ approach in inflammatory bowel disease to patients in clinical remission
Authors: Selinger Christian , Carbonell Jenelyn , Kane John , Omer Mandour , Ford Alexander Charles 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundA ‘treat to target’ approach aiming for remission of clinical symptoms and absence of mucosal inflammation has been proposed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to establish whether patients with IBD in clinical remission find this approach acceptable.MethodsPatients in glucocorticosteroid-free clinical remission underwent a face-to-face structured, quantitative interview and rated the acceptability of treat to target on a 10-point Likert scale. We analysed factors associated with agreement to treat to target.ResultsThe cohort comprised 298 patients (144 Crohn’s disease, 136 ulcerative colitis, 18 IBD-unclassified). Elevated C-reactive protein was found in 24.4% and elevated faecal calprotectin in 17.7%. Overall, 66.2% of patients rated a treat to target approach as acceptable (Likert scale ≥8). Acceptable treatment aims for patients were avoidance of flare, hospitalisation, surgery and colorectal cancer. Using binary logistic regression analysis the following were not predictive of accepting a treat to target approach: age, diagnosis, disease phenotype, surgical history, disease duration, patient knowledge, adherence, anxiety, depression and patient-reported control of disease. Better adherence to current therapy was associated with accepting a treat to target approach (B=0.16, p=0.039).ConclusionIn a cohort of patients in clinical remission, where this strategy is most relevant, two-thirds of patients agreed with treat to target. Patients with better current adherence were more likely to accept treat to target. Patient education and counselling materials will need to be developed to convince a substantial minority of patients of the importance of treat to target.
Prediction of emergency cesarean section by measurable maternal and fetal characteristics
Authors: Guan Ping , Tang Fei , Sun Guoqiang , Ren Wei 
Published: January 2020

Objective To analyze the maternal and fetal factors affecting emergency cesarean section (EmCS) and establish a risk scoring system to quantitatively predict the risk of EmCS. Design A total of 10,295 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The influence of maternal and fetal factors on the risk of EmCS was analyzed. Results 991 (9.63%) cases of failed vaginal delivery received EmCS. The two main causes of EmCS were fetal distress (67.21%) and abnormal fetal position (14.93%). There were significant differences in 17 maternal and fetal factors between the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and EmCS groups (p<0.05 for all). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that nine maternal and infant factors were independent risk factors (p<0.05 for all). The major factors were abnormal quantity of amniotic fluid (OR 6.867, 95% CI 4.442 to 10.618), nulliparous (OR 4.336, 95% CI 3.074 to 6.115), induction of labor (OR 5.300, 95% CI 4.514 to 6.224) and abnormal characters of amniotic fluid (OR 3.126, 95% CI 2.708 to 3.608). A risk scoring system (six grades) was established based on those factors which showed high discriminative power. The rate of EmCS was 1.30%, 2.57%, 5.83%, 13.94%, 21.75% and 39.71% in grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. The area under the curve of the risk scoring system was 0.787, indicating that the regression model of the risk factors had a good predictive ability. Conclusion An effective risk scoring system has been developed to quantitatively assess the risk of EmCS based on measurable maternal and fetal factors. The system is simple, easy to operate and has good repeatability in clinical practice.