bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine heart and lung auscultation in prenatal care
Authors: Divanovic E , Buchmann E.J 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine the value of routine heart and lung auscultation (HLA) in pregnant women. Methods: Descriptive study by record review of maternal case‐files. Results: Of 3191 mothers, there were 24 with heart disease (0.8%) and 53 with lung disease (1.7%). On routine HLA, only two new cases of heart disease, both with asymptomatic valvular conditions, were detected, and none of lung disease. Conclusion: Routine chest auscultation is of very little value in prenatal care.
Hysteroscopic evaluation of the endometrium of post‐menopausal patients with breast cancer before and after tamoxifen use
Authors: Gonçalves M.A.G , Gonçalves W.J , Matias M.M , Nazario A.C.P , Rodrigues de Lima G , Baracat E.C 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To evaluate by hysteroscopy and histopathology the influence of tamoxifen in the endometrium of post‐menopausal women with previous breast cancer. Method: Out of 46 patients studied, 20 of them had been using tamoxifen for an average length of 12 months, and are still being followed‐up. Hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy was performed before and after the use of the drug. Results: The prevalence of endometrial activity before and after this hormoniotherapy was the same, i.e. 10.0%, showing a non‐significant variation. Conclusion: The hormoniotherapy with tamoxifen has not increased the endometrial proliferactive activity of postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. The most common hysteroscopical finding was numerous vesicles disseminated throughout the uterine cavity probably due to atrophy of the endometrium.
Muscle adaptation during distraction osteogenesis in skeletally immature and mature rabbits
Authors: Hayatsu Kazunori , De Deyne Patrick G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe lack of adaptation of muscle is thought to be a major source of complications during distraction osteogenesis (DO). Although adaptation to DO varies with the regimen (lengthening rate > 1 mm/day and increase in bone length >20%) muscle contractures associated with DO may be a function of age. We tested this idea by subjecting skeletally mature and skeletally immature rabbits to an aggressive regimen of DO (1.4 mm/day with a 20% increase in tibial length). By using immunofluorescence to assess the presence of neonatal myosin heavy chain in sections from the tibialis anterior, we observed that the generation of new muscle tissue in response to DO was vigorous in young animals (27% positive fibers), whereas it was more muted in adult animals (9.9% positive fibers). This adaptive response was associated with a pronounced proliferation of myoblasts in the young but not in the mature animals. Adult tibialis anterior subjected to DO showed a 50% loss in tetanic and twitch tension whereas those in young animals did not. This correlated with partial denervation of adult but not young muscle, as judged by morphological criteria. These experiments indicate that adaptation to DO depends not only on mechanical variables but also on skeletal maturity. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Endogenous evoked potentials assessment in depression: a review
Authors: Nandrino JL , El Massioui F , Everett J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryOver the past 15 years, researchers have shown an increasing interest in using event-related potentials (ERPs) to study depression. These studies generally fall into four classes: 1), ERPs as a means of detecting depression; 2), ERPs as a tool for distinguishing subtypes of depression; 3), ERPs as a measure of pharmacological effectiveness; 4), ERPs as indicators of defective cognitive operations in depressed subjects. Results from these heterogeneous approaches are often inconsistent and disappointing. Although some ERP components often show increased latencies and diminished amplitudes, these changes seem to reflect principally a variety of non-specific disorders affecting a wide range of cognitive functions rather than a precise and consistent deficit of a particular function. These disappointing results seem to be attributable to methodological problems (heterogeneous patient populations, disproportionate use of the odd-ball paradigm), and do not necessarily call into question the value of studying the ERPs. Furthermore, recent advances in ERP methodology have opened up new perspectives for ERP use in psychopathology.
Clinical trials update: IMPROVEMENT‐HF, COPERNICUS, MUSTIC, ASPECT‐II, APRICOT and HEART
Authors: Witte Klaus , Thackray Simon , Clark Andrew L. , Cooklin Michael , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractImportant new studies relevant to the field of heart failure reported at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), held in Amsterdam in August 2000, are reviewed. The IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure survey investigated the knowledge and perceptions of over 1300 primary care physicians from 14 ESC member nations and the actual practice in over 11000 of their patients. Guidelines and clinical practice were compared. The survey suggested, in this large sample, that the quality of care was higher than previous smaller surveys have suggested but have also identified important deficiencies in knowledge and management that should be rectified. The COPERNICUS study demonstrated that carvedilol was remarkably well tolerated even in patients with very severe heart failure and that treatment was associated with a substantial reduction in mortality even among patients that would conventionally not be considered, by many, for beta‐blocker therapy. The MUSTIC trial suggested that cardiac resynchronisation using biventricular pacing improved patients symptomatically whether or not the patient was in atrial fibrillation. Morbidity and mortality studies of cardiac resynchronisation are now underway. The ASPECT‐II and APRICOT‐II studies investigated the role of warfarin, aspirin and their combination for the long‐term management of myocardial infarction. One interpretation of the data from these studies is that the combination of aspirin and warfarin is about as effective as warfarin alone but with a much higher incidence of side effects. Warfarin alone appeared superior to aspirin alone. In summary, the annual congress of the ESC provided important new information for clinical practice and, to date, was, by far, the most important cardiology congress in the world this year.
Interlayer Chemistry of Layered Electrode Materials in Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Ang Edison Huixiang , Yang Yang , Ye Minghui , Du Wencheng , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the constant focus on energy storage devices, layered materials are ideal electrodes for the new generation of highly efficient secondary ion batteries and supercapacitors due to their flexible 2D structures and high theoretical capacities. However, the small interlayer distances in layered electrode materials and the strong Columbic interactions between the working ions and host lattice anions cause slow ion diffusion. In addition, structural collapse during repeated ion insertion and extraction reduces the cycling lifetime. As such, interlayer engineering strategies are effective approaches to optimize ion transmission kinetics and structural integrity. In view of the latest research on the interlayer engineering of layered materials, this review will discuss useful strategies to improve electrode performance. The synthetic strategies, characterization techniques, and effects of interlayer‐engineered layered materials, including metal oxides, metal sulfides, carbonous materials, and MXenes, are discussed in detail. The future outlook and challenges for interlayer engineering are also presented, which may pave the way for the development of new layered materials.
Stable and Efficient Methylammonium‐, Cesium‐, and Bromide‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells by In‐Situ Interlayer Formation
Authors: Wang Minhuan , Tan Shaun , Zhao Yepin , Zhu Pengchen , Yin Yanfeng , Feng Yulin , Huang Tianyi , Xue Jingjing , Wang Rui , Han Gill Sang , Jung Hyun Suk , Bian Jiming , Lee Jin‐Wook , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe vast majority of high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are based on multi‐cation mixed‐anion compositions incorporating methylammonium (MA) and bromide (Br). Nevertheless, the thermal instability of MA and the tendency of mixed halide compositions to phase segregate limit the long‐term stability of PSCs. However, reports of MA‐free and/or Br‐free compositions are rare in the community since their performance is generally inferior. Here, a strategy is presented to achieve highly efficient and stable PSCs that are altogether cesium (Cs)‐free, MA‐free and Br‐free. An antisolvent quenching process is used to in‐situ deposit a polymeric interlayer to promote the growth of phase‐pure formamidinium lead tri‐iodide perovskite crystals with reduced defect density and to assist in photo‐excited charge extraction. The PSCs developed are among the best‐performing reported for such compositions. Moreover, the PSCs show superior stability under continuous exposure to both illumination and 85 °C heat.
Dirac Fermions in Half‐Metallic Ferromagnetic Mixed Cr1−xMxPSe3 Monolayers
Authors: Yang Juntao , Zhou Yong , Dedkov Yuriy , Voloshina Elena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe electronic and magnetic properties of pristine CrPSe3 and mixed CrMxPSe3 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) monolayers are studied using density functional theory including an on‐site Coulomb term (density functional theory (DFT) ) and tight‐binding approach. While pristine CrPSe3 monolayer has an antiferromagnetic ground state, its alloying with MPSe3 may give rise to half‐metallic ferromagnet with high Curie temperature. The resulting monolayers demonstrate single‐spin Dirac cones of mainly Cr‐d character located in the first Brillouin zone directly at the Fermi energy. The calculated Fermi velocities of Dirac fermions indicate very high mobility in mixed CrMxPSe3 monolayers, that makes this material appealing for low‐dimensional spintronics applications.
Short‐term fetal nutritional stress and long‐term health: Child height
Authors: Karimi Seyed M. , Little Bert B. , Mokhtari MohammadAli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the impact of in utero exposure to Ramadan, the Islamic fasting month, by trimester on height at ages 0 to 18 for a sample of children from Tehran, Iran. If exposure to Ramadan is associated with significant nutritional stress to the fetus, the fetus's adaptive responses to nutritional insufficiency could manifest as changes in height during childhood, long before any effects on aging or disease risk at older ages.MethodsChildren who were exposed and not exposed to Ramadan in utero were compared to identify any systematic difference between their parents' and households' characteristics (including height, age, education, and indicators of wealth). Also, the seasonal pattern of food consumption in Tehran was analyzed. Finally, the association of child height with prenatal exposure to Ramadan was measured, controlling for seasonality and parent and household.ResultsRamadan associated fasting in the second trimester of gestation was associated with 0.091 age‐adjusted SDs (ie, 0.60‐0.67 cm) decrease in children's height at age 10 years or older. The negative association was largest in male children and was approximately 1 cm at age 12 years or older among male children.ConclusionMaternal Ramadan fasting in the second trimester, the critical period for long bone development, was associated with decreased height. Exposure to ritual fasting is important because approximately 75% of all Muslim children are exposed to Ramadan in utero.
Insomnia symptoms, fatigue, and future job exit in American older adults
Authors: Sagherian Knar , Byon Ha D. , Zhu Shijun , Rose Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs older adults prolong working life and face age‐related health changes, insomnia symptoms and fatigue may jeopardize their ability to stay in the labor force. Our study explored the relationships between insomnia symptoms, fatigue, and job exit in workers aged 65 years and older.MethodsData from the National Health and Aging Trends Study were used (2011–2017). The sample included 953 Medicare beneficiaries with paid work at the time of the interview. Workers were followed annually for 6 years to the time of job exit. Insomnia measures included the number and type of symptoms, and fatigue (measured as low energy). Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated within discrete‐time survival analysis. Models were adjusted for health, lifestyle, and sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsAt baseline, approximately 49% of workers had either one or two insomnia symptoms. Difficulty falling asleep and difficulty maintaining asleep were prevalent in 35% and 37% of the sample. Fatigue was common in <30% of the sample. Workers with difficulty falling asleep were 1.29 times at higher odds to have job exit when compared with workers with no insomnia (p = 0.033). Conversely, fatigued workers were 0.73–0.77 times at lower odds to have job exit when compared with nonfatigued workers (p < 0.05).ConclusionDifficulty falling asleep negatively affects future work status, unlike feeling fatigued. Healthcare providers are encouraged to assess for insomnia and discuss treatments with workers, and workplaces should be flexible with the start of workdays to support worker longevity.
Continuing contributions of older academics
Authors: Hall Judith G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcademics go through many stages. Perhaps the most challenging is retirement. This article summarizes some of the challenges and opportunities that await. Now that we are all living longer and healthier, it seems a waste of human capital not to utilize the hard‐won skills of academia during our later years in new and creative ways. Although health and memory cannot be taken for granted, most older academics continue to evolve, gain wisdom, and make new types of contributions to society.
Strain‐Driven Dyotropic Rearrangement: A Unified Ring‐Expansion Approach to α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones
Authors: Lei Xiaoqiang , Li Yuanhe , Lai Yang , Hu Shengkun , Qi Chen , Wang Gelin , Tang Yefeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn unprecedented strain‐driven dyotropic rearrangement of α‐methylene‐β‐lactones has been realized, which enables the efficient access of a wide range of α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones displaying remarkable structural diversity. Several appealing features of the reaction, including excellent efficiency, high stereospecificity, predictable chemoselectivity and broad substrate scope, render it a powerful tool for the synthesis of MBL‐containing molecules of either natural or synthetic origin. Both experimental and computational evidences suggest that the new variant of dyotropic rearrangements proceed in a dualistic pattern: while an asynchronous concerted mechanism most likely accounts for the reactions featuring hydrogen migration, a stepwise process involving a phenonium ion intermediate is favored in the cases of aryl migration. The great synthetic potential of the title reaction is exemplified by its application to the efficient construction of several natural products and relevant scaffolds.
Umfangreiche Konformationsänderungen in selbstassemblierten mehrsträngigen aromatischen Faltblättern
Authors: Atcher Joan , Mateus Pedro , Kauffmann Brice , Rosu Frédéric , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDurch die Entwicklung immer komplexerer Foldamere wird die Orchestrierung noch größerer Konformationsänderungen ermöglicht. Aromatische Faltblätter – ein seltenes Motiv in synthetischen Foldamer‐Strukturen – wurden so entwickelt, dass sie eigenständige Stapel bilden, was durch Selbstassemblierung zweier identischer Untereinheiten und Interkalation aromatischer Stränge ermöglicht wird. Ionen‐Mobilitäts‐ESI‐MS bestätigt die Bildung kompakter Dimere. Röntgenkristallographie zeigt die Existenz zweier Dimerzuständen mit unterschiedlichen Konformationen auf, die nur bei großer Veränderung ineinander interkonvertieren. Die Moleküldynamik‐Simulation validiert die Stabilität beider Konformationen sowie die Möglichkeit ihrer Interkonvertierung.
An Enantioselective e‐Nose: An Array of Nanoporous Homochiral MOF Films for Stereospecific Sensing of Chiral Odors
Authors: Okur Salih , Qin Peng , Chandresh Abhinav , Li Chun , Zhang Zejun , Lemmer Ulrich , Heinke Lars 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChirality is essential in nature and often pivotal for biological information transfer, for example, via odor messenger molecules. While the human nose can distinguish the enantiomers of many chiral odors, the technical realization by an artificial sensor or an electronic nose, e‐nose, remains a challenge. Herein, we present an array of six sensors coated with nanoporous metal–organic framework (MOF) films of different homochiral and achiral structures, working as an enantioselective e‐nose. While the achiral‐MOF‐film sensors show identical responses for both isomers of one chiral odor molecule, the responses of the homochiral MOF films differ for different enantiomers. By machine learning algorithms, the combined array data allow the stereoselective identification of all compounds, here tested for five pairs of chiral odor molecules. We foresee the chiral‐MOF‐e‐nose, able to enantioselectively detect and discriminate chiral odors, to be a powerful approach towards advanced odor sensing.
Orthogonality, dependency, and music: An exploration of the relationships between music facets
Authors: Lee Deborah , Robinson Lyn , Bawden David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe classification of Western art music is a complex area of knowledge organization, yet the reasons for those complexities have not been fully studied. This research dissects the concept of orthogonality, in particular regard to music classification. Orthogonality (antonym: dependency) means that one facet acts independently from another facet. Although orthogonality is an assumed quality of facets, it has attracted relatively little attention in knowledge organization discourse. This research utilizes bibliographic classification schemes, musicological writings, and musical works to analyze orthogonality in music classification. The relationships between the medium, form/genre, and function facets are unpicked and a strong dependency is found between these facets. Whether this orthogonality exists as a construct of faceted classification or stems from the domain knowledge is explored. Furthermore, the analysis initiates new thinking about the general concept of orthogonality. The idea of a spectrum of dependency is proposed. In addition, novel, orthogonality‐derived phenomena are discussed—“dynamic facets” and “meta‐dependency”—where the boundary between what is and is not a facet is blurred. The concluding model visualizes the chain of dependencies between music facets, ultimately showing how the lack of orthogonality plays a key role in the complexity and issues found in music classification.
Solvent‐free Synthesis and Properties of Functionalized Hydrazines and Bishydrazines as Energetic Ingredients for Propulsion Applications
Authors: Eymann John , Dhenain Anne , Joucla Lionel , Jacob Guy , Lacôte Emmanuel , Darwich Chaza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFunctionalized hydrazines and bishydrazines are interesting straightforward precursors for accessing higher nitrogenated compounds. They offer structural diversity and promising energetic properties as well, namely for propulsion applications. A novel and scalable synthesis has been developed for a new family of bishydrazines, starting from monomethylhydrazine (MMH). This solvent‐free route represents a suitable alternative to the one described in the literature. It was extended to design a new family of unsymmetrical hydrazines bearing various functional groups. A selected series of promising compounds, densified with nitrogenated groups (amino, hydrazino or azido functions), was identified as a class of plausible candidates for liquid propulsion. Indeed, the energetic interest of such hydrazines was demonstrated by computing their heats of formation and specific impulse values in bipropellant systems. This led to theoretical energetic performances comparable to that of the MMH/N2O4 system already in use today.
Model predictive control for continuous lactide ring‐opening polymerization processes
Authors: Afsi Nawel , Othman Sami , Bakir Toufik , Costa Liborio I. , Sakly Anis , Sheibat‐Othman Nida 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is an attractive environment‐friendly thermoplastic that is bio‐sourced and biodegradable. PLA is industrially produced by the ring‐opening polymerization of lactide. This reaction is sensitive to drifts in the operating conditions and impurities in the raw materials that may affect the reaction rate as well as the polymer properties, which can be very costly in continuous processes. It is therefore crucial to employ a control strategy that allows recovering the nominal conditions and maintaining the desired properties and conversion level in case of drift. Three control strategies are discussed in this paper: proportional‐integral (PI) controller, dynamic optimization, and model predictive control (MPC). The proposed approaches are validated by simulation of a continuous PLA process constituted of three cascade reactors including one loop reactor in the middle. Besides the coupling of inputs and outputs, the process model is highly nonlinear, and the control is done only on the boundaries. The results show that the open‐loop optimization strategy provides better performance compared to the PI controller if the disturbance is assumed to be measured. The MPC also shows superior performances provided that the disturbance is first estimated. A polynomial model is developed to predict the nonmeasured disturbance based on the measured outputs.
Cognate base‐pair selectivity of hydrophobic unnatural bases in DNA ligation by T4 DNA ligase
Authors: Kimoto Michiko , Soh Si Hui Gabriella , Tan Hui Pen , Okamoto Itaru , Hirao Ichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present cognate base pair selectivity in template‐dependent ligation by T4 DNA ligase using a hydrophobic unnatural base pair (UBP), Ds‐Pa. T4 DNA ligase efficiently recognizes the Ds‐Pa pairing at the conjugation position, and Ds excludes the noncognate pairings with the natural bases. Our results indicate that the hydrophobic base pairing is allowed in enzymatic ligation with higher cognate base‐pair selectivity, relative to the hydrogen‐bond interactions between pairing bases. The efficient ligation using Ds‐Pa can be employed in recombinant DNA technology using genetic alphabet expansion, toward the creation of semi‐synthetic organisms containing UBPs.