bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between pulmonary function and physical performance among community‐living people: results from Look‐up 7+ study
Authors: Landi Francesco , Salini Sara , Zazzara Maria Beatrice , Martone Anna Maria , Fabrizi Sofia , Bianchi Mariangela , Tosato Matteo , Picca Anna , Calvani Riccardo , Marzetti Emanuele 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile respiratory muscle strength is recognized to decline with aging process, the relationship between sarcopenia and pulmonary function remains to be studied. The present study was undertaken to provide a better insight into the comprehension of the relationship between pulmonary function and muscle function (strength and physical performance) using an unselected sample of subjects assessed during the Longevity Check‐up 7+ project.MethodsLook‐up 7+ is an ongoing cross‐sectional survey started in June 2015 and conducted in unconventional settings (i.e. exhibitions, malls, and health promotion campaigns) across Italy. Candidate participants are eligible for enrolment if they are at least 18 years of age and provide written informed consent. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength test, and physical performance was evaluated by chair stand test. Spirometer analysis was performed using the AirSmart system, and the largest forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) values were collected.ResultsThe mean age of 925 subjects participating in the Longevity check‐7+ surveys and receiving the spirometer evaluation was 55.6 years (range from 18 to 98 years), and 501 (54%) were women. Overall, both in male and female participants, FVC, FEV1 and PEF positively correlated with handgrip strength and chair stand tests. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curves for FVC, FEV1, and PEF were 0.79, 0.80 and 0.80, respectively.ConclusionsThe results clearly show that pulmonary function was positively associated with handgrip strength and chair stand tests. Based on this observation, muscle strength, physical performance, and pulmonary function should be recommended as the method of choice for the early detection of individuals at risk of probable sarcopenia and at the same time to better characterized the severity of sarcopenia status.
Umbilical cord blood stem cell therapy in premature brain injury: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Peng Xirui , Song Juan , Li Bingbing , Zhu Changlian , Wang Xiaoyang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreterm birth and associated brain injury are the primary cause of cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities and are among the most serious global health issues that modern society faces. Current therapy for infants suffering from premature brain injury is still mainly supportive, and there are no effective treatments. Thus there is a pressing need for comparative and translational studies on how to reduce brain injury and to increase regeneration and brain repair in preterm infants. There is strong supporting evidence for the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB)‐derived stem cell therapy for treating preterm brain injury and neurological sequelae. UCB‐derived stem cell therapy is effective in many animal models and has been shown to be feasible in clinical trials. Most of these therapies are still experimental, however. In this review, we focus on recent advances on the efficacy of UCB‐derived stem cell therapy in preterm infants with brain injury, and discuss the potential mechanisms behind their therapeutic effects as well as application strategies for future preclinical and clinical trials.
Modulation of the impacts of Madden–Julian Oscillation on winter rainfall in China by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Authors: Chen Xiong , Li Chongyin , Li Xin , Yang Minghao , Li Lifeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study revealed the modulation of the impacts of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on winter rainfall in China by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using reanalysis data and statistical analysis. When MJO is active over the Indian Ocean, its impacts are strengthened by El Niño, leading to enhanced positive rainfall anomalies in eastern China. However, the effects of MJO are counteracted by La Niña; thus, significant positive rainfall anomalies exist only in Zhejiang Province and adjacent areas. MJO activity over the western Pacific induces opposite rainfall anomalies in South China between El Niño and La Niña winters; rainfall in South China increases (decreases) in El Niño (La Niña) winters. Such differences in rainfall anomalies are closely related to anomalous circulation and moisture transport. Anomalous southwesterlies in eastern China are enhanced in El Niño winters when MJO is active over the Indian Ocean, which leads to increased moisture transport towards China and stronger ascending motion in eastern China. But the anomalous southwesterlies are weakened in La Niña winters, thereby resulting in less moisture transport and convergence. When MJO is active over the western Pacific, anomalous northeasterlies in mainland China are enhanced (weakened) in La Niña (El Niño) winters, which strengthens (weakens) the moisture divergence and descending motion in China. Moisture convergence anomalies that explain the rainfall anomalies in ENSO winters are mainly attributed to the effects of low‐frequency background state (LFBS) moisture and meridional winds. It was found that ENSO modulates the impacts of MJO by two main ways. First, ENSO can regulate the intensity and distribution of MJO activity. Therefore, MJO in the same phase will lead to different circulation and moisture transport anomalies in China. Second, ENSO‐induced LFBS circulation and moisture anomalies can also influence the moisture convergence in China, which will strengthen or weaken the effects of MJO.
Effect of Surfactant Systems, Alcohol Types, and Salinity on Cold‐Water Detergency of Triacylglycerol Semisolid Soil. Part II
Authors: Phaodee Parichat , Sabatini David A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur prior work found that detergency of coconut oil was relatively poor using C14‐15‐8PO‐SO4Na alone but showed promising improvement with the presence of linear intermediate‐chain alcohols (C7–C9 alcohols) in the surfactant formulation. The maximum detergency exceeded 90% removal using 0.1 w/v% C14‐15‐8PO‐SO4Na/0.2 w/v% 1‐octanol/4 w/v% NaCl (final optimized surfactant system) at 10 °C. The current work thus seeks to further investigate surfactant formulations capable of providing improved detergency performance. Different 50% linear anionic extended surfactant structures (LC14‐15‐8PO‐SO4Na, LC14‐15‐8PO‐3EO‐SO4Na, and LC14‐15‐8PO‐7EO‐SO4Na) were compared with the branched C14‐15‐8PO‐SO4Na previously studied. Detergency of coconut oil using C14‐15‐8PO‐SO4Na at 8 w/v% NaCl (S*) still performed more effectively than these new surfactant systems. The addition of octanol as a detergency additive was further studied, and it showed that S* reduced from 8 w/v% NaCl to 4 w/v% NaCl for 1‐octanol and to 2 w/v% NaCl for 2‐octanol and 2‐ethyl‐hexanol in the C14‐15‐8PO‐SO4Na surfactant formulation. Coconut oil removal significantly improved detergency from roughly 49% for no alcohol with 8 w/v% NaCl, to 83% for 2‐ethyl‐hexanol with 2 w/v% NaCl, to 95% for 1‐octanol with 4 w/v% NaCl, and to 98% for 2‐octanol with 2 w/v% NaCl. Further studies on octanol concentration showed that decreasing 1‐octanol from 1.2% (90 mM) to 0.2% (15.3 mM) and 2‐octanol from 1.2% (90 mM) to 0.5% (38.5 mM) still maintained detergency over 90% removal. In this work, cold‐water detergency was found to correlate with low interfacial tension above the melting point, improved wetting of the semisolid soil, and oil solubilization in surfactant micelles.
Commentary on the Special Section on Complex PTSD: Still Going Strong After All These Years
Authors: Ford Julian D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is inherently complex, yet a growing evidence base indicates that a complex variant (CPTSD) can be distinguished from classic PTSD based on evidence of clinically significant affect, interpersonal, and self/identity dysregulation. This Commentary to the Journal of Traumatic Stress special section on CPTSD reviews the results of four new studies that empirically tested the structure, traumatic stressor antecedents, and construct validity of CPTSD in relation to PTSD and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Based on these and prior empirical findings, a reconceptualization of PTSD, CPTSD, and BPD as posttraumatic threat, betrayal, and rejection disorders, respectively, is proposed. Implications for treatment of trauma survivors are discussed in relation to articles in this special section, which describe a modular framework for CPTSD treatment and an innovative attachment and self‐regulation focused on the redesign of a traditional outpatient mental health clinic.
Can Accurate Shear Wave Velocities Be Obtained in Kidneys?
Authors: Barr Richard G. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThere are conflicting results in the literature on the use of shear wave elastography of the kidney parenchyma to determine whether renal stiffness values are related to a disease process. This study was conducted to evaluate the raw data from 3 ultrasound systems and determine whether adequate displacement curves are obtained to accurately estimate shear wave speeds.MethodsShear wave elastography was performed on 5 healthy volunteers with 3 ultrasound systems. The raw data were collected and evaluated for the shear wave propagation quality to determine whether accurate estimates of renal shear wave speeds could be determined.ResultsResults from the 3 machines demonstrate that accurate shear wave displacement curves are not obtained with renal elastography on existing systems (as of June 2018). One vendor has recently released software that appears to acquire accurate shear wave displacements.ConclusionsElastographic studies performed on the kidney to date are likely to be inaccurate. A new algorithm that appears to acquire accurate shear wave displacements in the kidney has been developed. Additional studies are needed to confirm that the new algorithm provides accurate clinical results. This study demonstrates that although the system provides a shear wave speed, it is important to confirm the accuracy of that number by evaluating the raw data.
Quantifying tinnitus suppression in cochlear implantation using tinnitus interval‐limited tracking
Authors: Mallen Jonathan R. , Chiu Jerlon , Marquis Hillary , Ottochian Amanda , Perez Erin , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Otto Steve , Ryan Tessa , Roberts Daniel S. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesQuantify the effects of cochlear implants (CI) on tinnitus suppression in patients with previous cochlear implantation using a novel audiologic sequence: Tinnitus Interval Limited Tracking (TILT).Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsConsecutive patients with tinnitus and previous cochlear implantation for profound hearing loss underwent an audiologic testing sequence called TILT. Patients rated tinnitus severity using the validated Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) as well as a visual analog scale at baseline and in a variety of audiologic scenarios. Changes in tinnitus severity between scenarios allow for the isolation of the effects of masking and electrical stimulation on the reduction of tinnitus.ResultsTwenty patients were enrolled, 10 of whom have tinnitus with average THI 30.2 (standard deviation 22.6). Patients had an acute decrease in tinnitus severity when their CIs were turned on, even in the absence of noise in a soundproof booth. This effect reversed once the CIs were turned off. This effect was greater in magnitude than with masking that occurred with the presentation of soft speech. Acute tinnitus severity trended toward improvement with increased level of presented speech. Degree of improvement was not correlated with THI.ConclusionAcute tinnitus suppression in patients using CIs is multifactorial. Masking plays a role; however, it cannot sufficiently account for the totality of symptom improvement experienced by CI patients. Quantifiable tinnitus suppression observed when a CI is turned on, even in the absence of audiologic stimulation, suggests that electrical stimulation is involved in the mechanism of symptom improvement in these patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130: 2047–2052, 2020
Conquering the Rayleigh Scattering Limit of Silica Glass Fiber at Visible Wavelengths with a Hollow‐Core Fiber Approach
Authors: Gao Shou‐fei , Wang Ying‐ying , Ding Wei , Hong Yi‐feng , Wang Pu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe performance of optical fiber communication, laser, and sensing systems is ultimately limited by the attenuation of optical fiber, which cannot be lower than the barrier set by Rayleigh scattering in bulk silica glass. In this work, the longstanding Rayleigh scattering limit is conquered by using a hollow‐core fiber (HCF). Two visible‐guiding hollow‐core conjoined‐tube anti‐resonant fibers are successfully fabricated and exhibit overall losses of 3.8 dB km−1 at 680 nm and 4.9 dB km−1 at 558 nm, respectively. The latter surpasses the Rayleigh scattering limit of silica glass fiber by 2 dB km−1 at the corresponding wavelength. Numerical simulations indicate that the loss level the authors achieve is still much higher than the ultimate loss limit caused by surface scattering of this HCF geometry, leaving plenty of room for further refinement.
Environment‐Dependent Adhesive Behaviors of Mussel‐Inspired Coordinate‐Crosslinked Bioadhesives
Authors: Li Sidi , Chen Ning , Li Yang , Zhao Jin , Hou Xin , Yuan Xubo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMussel‐inspired, coordinate‐crosslinked gels have attracted extensive attention but their adhesive behaviors are still not fully understood. Herein, four mussel‐inspired molecules with different molecular characteristics are synthesized to study their adhesive behaviors. It is demonstrated that their adhesive behaviors are dependent on the environments. For these mussel‐inspired molecules, physiological environment containing relatively low Fe3+ contents is appropriate for achieving high adhesive strength. In addition, the mussel‐inspired molecules with positive charge, high molecular weight, or high catechol substitute ratio benefited for improving adhesive strength, however, only in the appropriate environment. In the inappropriate environments (physiological pH, high Fe3+ contents), the adhesives show similar low adhesive strength. These environment‐dependent adhesive behaviors are due to the poor interfacial adhesive capacity of the adhesives formed in the inappropriate environments. The study uncovers the adhesive behaviors of mussel‐inspired coordinate‐crosslinked gels and thus may further provide valuable evidences in the design of metal‐crosslinked bioadhesives.
Changes in Thalamic Dopamine Innervation in a Progressive Parkinson's Disease Model in Monkeys
Authors: Monje Mariana H.G. , Blesa Javier , García‐Cabezas Miguel Ángel , Obeso José A. , Cavada Carmen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDopamine loss beyond the mesostriatal system might be relevant in pathogenic mechanisms and some clinical manifestations in PD. The primate thalamus is densely and heterogeneously innervated with dopaminergic axons, most of which express the dopamine transporter, as does the nigrostriatal system. We hypothesized that dopamine depletion may be present in the thalamus of the parkinsonian brain and set out to ascertain possible regional differences.MethodsThe toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine was administered to adult macaque monkeys using a slow intoxication protocol. The treated macaques were classified into 2 groups according to their motor status: nonsymptomatic and parkinsonian. Dopamine innervation was studied with immunohistochemistry for the dopamine transporter. Topographic maps of the dopamine transporter‐immunoreactive axon distribution were generated and the total length and length density of these axons stereologically estimated using a 3‐dimensional fractionator.ResultsParkinsonian macaques exhibited lower dopamine transporter‐immunoreactive axon length density than controls in mediodorsal and centromedian‐parafascicular nuclei. Dopamine denervation in the mediodorsal nucleus was already noticeable in nonsymptomatic macaques and was even greater in parkinsonian macaques. Reticular nucleus dopamine transporter‐immunoreactive axon length density presented an inverse pattern, increasing progressively to the maximum density seen in parkinsonian macaques. No changes were observed in ventral thalamic nuclei. Dopamine transporter‐immunoreactive axon maps supported the quantitative findings.ConclusionsChanges in the dopamine innervation of various thalamic nuclei are heterogeneous and start in the premotor parkinsonian stage. These changes may be involved in some poorly understood nonmotor manifestations of PD. © 2019 The Authors.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Immuno‐Resolving Ability of Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins Derived from Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kwon Youngjoo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOmega‐3 fatty acid consumption has been suggested to be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its effects have been attributed to anti‐inflammatory activity, with the inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism playing a central role. However, a more recent view is that omega‐3 fatty acids play an active role as the precursors of potent, specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐ and eicosapentaenoic‐acid‐derived SPMs are identified in the adipose tissue but the levels of certain SPMs (e.g., protectin D1) are markedly reduced with obesity, suggesting adipose SPM deficiency, potentially resulting in unresolved inflammation. Supplementation of the biosynthetic intermediates of SPM (e.g., 17‐hydroxy‐DHA) or omega‐3 fatty acids increases the level of adipose SPMs, reduces adipose inflammation (decrease in macrophage accumulation and change to less inflammatory macrophages), and enhances insulin sensitivity. The findings from studies using rodent obesity models must be translated to humans. It will be important to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which obesity reduces the levels of and the sensitivity to SPM in adipose tissues. This will enable the development of nutrition therapy to enhance the effects of omega‐3 fatty acids in the prevention and/or treatment of T2DM.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides Differently Modulate Goblet Cells Under Homeostatic, Proinflammatory Conditions and ER Stress
Authors: Cheng Lianghui , Kong Chunli , Walvoort Marthe T. C. , Faas Marijke M. , de Vos Paul 
Published: December 2019

ScopeHuman milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) have beneficial effects on intestinal barrier function, but the mechanisms of action are not well understood. Here, the effects of hMOs on goblet cells, which indicate that some hMOs may enhance mucus barrier function through direct modulation of goblet cell function, are studied.Methods and resultsThe modulatory effects of 2′‐fucosyllactose (2′‐FL), 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL), lacto‐N‐triaose II (LNT2), and galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS) on the expression of goblet cell secretory related genes MUC2, TFF3, and RETNLB, and the Golgi‐sulfotransferase genes CHST5 and GAL3ST2 of LS174T are determined by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. 3‐FL, LNT2, and GOS‐modulated LS174T gene expression profiles in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. In addition, the upregulation of MUC2 is confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Effects of 2′‐FL, 3‐FL, LNT2, and GOS on gene transcription of LS174T are also assessed during exposure to TNF‐α, IL‐13, or tunicamycin. During TNF‐α challenge, 3‐FL and LNT2 enhance MUC2 and TFF3 gene expression. After IL‐13 exposure, 2′‐FL, 3‐FL, and LNT2 all show upregulating effects on MUC2; 3‐FL and LNT2 also enhance TFF3 expression. LNT2 significantly reverses Tm‐induced downregulation of TFF3, RETNLB, and CHST5.ConclusionThe findings indicate that hMOs may enhance mucus barrier function through direct modulation of intestinal goblet cells. Effects are structure‐ and stressor‐dependent.
Low cost beam‐steering leaky‐wave antenna for microwave application
Authors: Mighani Mojtaba 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLeaky‐wave antennas (LWAs) provide interesting features such as high gain beams which are scannable with frequency, radiating through broadside and ease in fabrication, suggesting them as a favorable solution for communication systems at upper microwave frequencies. In this article, a novel LWA has realized in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology with excellent broadside radiation at 15.82 GHz that proposed a closed and linear dispersion around broadside utilizing two‐radiation mechanism. In addition, the circuit model for the unit cell of LWA has presented around the broadside frequency that confirms our method of closing the stopband. Measured and simulation results are in good agreement that confirms this approach.
Recommendations for medical care in the pediatric oncology camp setting: Consensus statements based on Delphi methodology
Authors: Alexander Sarah , Science Michelle , Breakey Vicky , Clarke Averill , Gibson Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor many children with cancer, participation in oncology camp programs is an important component of healing that offers opportunities for fun and can have substantial impacts on social and physical well‐being. Optimal medical care and infectious screening for children attending oncology camp is critical to maximize safety and opportunities for participation. This paper describes recommendations for a series of common medical issues unique to the care of children with cancer in the camp setting generated by a modified Delphi consensus approach.
Improvement in electromechanical performance of degradable bio‐inspired soft ionic actuators with high energy density conductive electrodes
Authors: Sun Zhuangzhi , Liu Sicheng , Li Zhaoxin , Liu Xi , Jing Mingxing , Qin Fuxiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, renewable natural electroactive soft ionic actuators have attracted widespread attention to its potential applications in biomedical equipment, soft robots, and micro‐nano actuators and sensors, and so on. However, low‐energy conversion rates, unstable stability, and slow response speed that severely constrain their practical application. In this article, three kinds of conductive nanoparticles (polyaniline [PANI], polythiophene and its derivatives [PEDOT], and acetylene black [ACET]) are co‐doped into the electrodes of chitosan/MCNT/rGO to prepare high performance soft ionic actuators, and specific capacitance, energy density, cycling stability, and conductivity have been significantly improved. Results showed that after doping three kinds of conductive nanoparticles, the electrode has the highest energy density (up to 145.922 Wh Kg−1), the highest conductivity (up to 850.91 S m−1) and good cycling stability with 82.55% of initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles. After assembling, ionic actuators have the maximum deflection displacement (up to 17.50 mm) increased by 7.6 times and the largest output force (up to 4.795 mN) increased by 2.465 times under power‐on excitation for 120 seconds of 5 V DC voltage. In addition, the displacement of ionic actuators with doping ACET electrode is better than actuators with the doped PANI electrode, while the output force of ionic actuators with doping PANI electrode is higher than actuators with the doped ACET electrode. This inconsistency indicates that the three conductive particles improve electrode performance through different mechanisms. This inconsistency demonstrates that the introduction of some conductive particles can enhance the ordered lamellar void structure inside the electrode and specific capacitance, and the introduction of some particles can improve the cycle stability.