bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low prevalence of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Xu Ru , Huang Jieting , Duan Chaohui , Liao Qiao , Shan Zhengang , Wang Min , Rong Xia , Li Chengyao , Fu Yongshui , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the first case of COVID‐19 reported in late December of 2019 in Wuhan, China, the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has caused approximately 20 million infections and 732 thousand deaths around the world by 11 August 2020. Although the pathogen generally infects the respiratory system, whether it is present in the bloodstream and whether it poses a threat to the blood supply during the period of the outbreak is of serious public concern. In this study, we used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen total antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 in 2199 blood donors, who had donated blood at the Guangzhou Blood Center during the epidemic. The Ig‐reactive samples were further characterized for IgA, IgG, and IgM subtypes by ELISA and viral nucleic acid by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Among the 2199 plasma samples, seven were reactive under total antibodies' screening. Further testing revealed that none of them had detectable viral nucleic acid or IgM antibody, but two samples contained IgA and IgG. The IgG antibody titers of both positive samples were 1:16 and 1:4, respectively. Our results indicated a low prevalence of past SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in our blood donors, as none of the tests were positive for viral nucleic acid and only 2 out of 2199 (0.09%) of samples were positive for IgG and IgA. There would be a limited necessity for the implementation of such testing in blood screening in a COVID‐19 low‐risk area.
A novel β‐Ga2O3 HEMT with fT of 166 GHz and X‐band POUT of 2.91 W/mm
Authors: Singh Rajan , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Velpula Ravi Teja , Jain Barsha , Bui Ha Quoc Thang , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel β‐Ga2O3 high electron mobility transistor (BGO‐HEMT) with record‐high intrinsic unity current gain cut‐off frequency (fT) of 166 GHz and RF output power (POUT) of 2.91 W/mm is demonstrated through 2D device simulations using an appropriate negative differential mobility model. The highly scaled proposed device uses 10 nm AlN barrier layer on 50 nm β‐Ga2O3 buffer with gate‐length (LG) of 50 nm and aspect‐ratio (gate length to barrier thickness) of 5 ensures significant gain in high‐frequency performance. The novel device design offers very low access and dynamic resistance due to highly doped n+ access regions, and a finite gap between ohmic contacts and barrier layer to mitigate source choking effect. The device's superior DC and RF performance is well supported by large two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density (ns) of the order of 1013 cm−2 due to large band discontinuity in AlN/β‐Ga2O3 heterostructure and highly polarized AlN material. The device shows maximum drain current density (IDMAX) of ~11.5 A/mm and peak transconductance (gm) of 0.917 S/mm at VDS = 15 V and VGS = 0 and − 7 V respectively. Furthermore, the term 2π (fT × LG) for the device shows a value of 0.5 × 107 cm/s, very close to vsat of 1.5 × 107 cm/s in β‐Ga2O3. These promising results enhance the potential of β‐Ga2O3 for future high power RF and microwave applications.
Dynamic environmental‐economic load dispatch in grid‐connected microgrids with demand response programs considering the uncertainties of demand, renewable generation and market price
Authors: Rezaee Jordehi Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrogrids (MGs) as a key building block of smart grids have been emerged to address the proliferation of distributed energy resources. In grid‐connected MGs, dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) module determines optimal schedule of distributed energy resources and adjustable loads and power to be exchanged with upstream grid, while all operational constraints of the MG are respected. DELD in MGs represents a constrained optimization problem with uncertain input data, as the forecasts of demand, renewable generation and market price are uncertain. In this research, particle swarm optimization (PSO) as a bio‐inspired optimization algorithm is used to solve DELD in grid‐connected MGs, while demand response program is integrated into MG and the uncertainties of demand, renewable power generation and market price are dealt with two‐point estimate method (TPEM). Load curtailment as a demand response program is used for reducing operation cost of microgrids. The performance of PSO is compared with two optimization algorithms including grey wolf optimization and backtracking search algorithm. As per the results, at times with low grid power price, microgrid imports power from upstream grid and at times with high power price it exports power to the upstream grid. The results show that the integration of demand response has significantly reduced the operation cost of the microgrid. The effect of change in maximum curtailable power on the operation cost of the MG has been investigated.
Role of β3‐adrenergic receptor in the modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity in mouse cerebellar cortex
Authors: Lippiello Pellegrino , Hoxha Eriola , Cristiano Claudia , Malvicini Emilia , Stanley Adrien , Russo Roberto , Tempia Filippo , Miniaci Maria Concetta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConvergent lines of evidence have recently highlighted β3‐adrenoreceptors (ARs) as a potentially critical target in the regulation of nervous and behavioral functions, including memory consolidation, anxiety, and depression. Nevertheless, the role of β3‐ARs in the cerebellum has been never investigated. To address this issue, we first examined the effects of pharmacological manipulation of β3‐ARs on motor learning in mice. We found that blockade of β3‐ARs by SR 59230A impaired the acquisition of the rotarod task with no effect on general locomotion. Since the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell (PF–PC) synapse is considered to be the main cerebellar locus of motor learning, we assessed β3‐AR modulatory action on this synapse as well as its expression in cerebellar slices. We demonstrate, for the first time, a strong expression of β3‐ARs on Purkinje cell soma and dendrites. In addition, whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings revealed that bath application of β3‐AR agonist CL316,243 depressed the PF–PC excitatory postsynaptic currents via a postsynaptic mechanism mediated by the PI3K signaling pathway. Application of CL316,243 also interfered with the expression of PF long‐term potentiation, whereas SR 59230A prevented the induction of LTD at PF–PC synapse. These results underline the critical role of β3‐AR on cerebellar synaptic transmission and plasticity and provide a new mechanism for adrenergic modulation of motor learning.
Spatiotemporal variability of total cloud cover measured by visual observation stations and their comparison with ERA5 reanalysis over South Korea
Authors: Ansari Kutubuddin , Bae Tae‐Suk , Lee Jisun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis analysis investigates the spatiotemporal variation of total cloud cover (TCC) across South Korea from 96 visual observation stations (VOS) during the years 2010–2019. The thin‐plate spline interpolation technique is used to interpolate the spatial variation of TCC within the country. The annual average of TCC distribution is closely related to topographical features and does not show excessive variation, with 50–56% over land. The seasonal TCC distribution has the lowest (highest) pattern in spring (summer), with a minimum (maximum) pattern of approximately 45% (95%). The lowest pattern in spring and highest pattern in summer may be due to the combined effect of lower cloud cover with TCC during March, and higher cloud cover with TCC from June to July. Interpolated VOS data are compared with the TCC obtained from ERA5 reanalysis products. The correlation coefficient between VOS and ERA5 is higher than 0.80 on the eastern coast, and approximately 0.20–0.40 on the western coast, indicating a strong and poor sampling effect. The largest variability between VOS and ERA5 is observed during the winter season, with a percentage deviation of −70–20%, possibly due to inaccurate cloud detection under cold low‐level atmospheric temperatures or snow cover. In summer, variability is −35–40%, which is slightly less than that in winter, possibly because of the incorrect detection of frequently occurring cumulus clouds. Principal component analysis of the TCC variability used to examine the relationship with other climate parameters. The first principal component, containing the major portion, correlated with precipitation, diurnal temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed, with correlation coefficients of 0.293, 0.246, −0.360, −0.258, and 0.470, respectively, indicating positive or negative relationship. We believe the outcomes from this study will contribute a better understanding of climate over South Korea and establish links between East Asia and the Pacific Ocean cloud formation.
Formational history of the Wicklow Trough: a marine‐transgressed tunnel valley revealing ice flow velocity and retreat rates for the largest ice stream draining the late‐Devensian British–Irish Ice Sheet
Authors: Coughlan Mark , TÓth Zsuzsanna , Van Landeghem Katrien J. J. , Mccarron Stephen , Wheeler Andrew J. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe Wicklow Trough is one of several Irish Sea bathymetric deeps, yet unusually isolated from the main depression, the Western Trough. Its formation has been described as proglacial or subglacial, linked to the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS) during the Last Glacial Maximum. The evolution of the Wicklow Trough and neighbouring deeps, therefore, help us to understand ISIS dynamics, when it was the main ice stream draining the former British–Irish Ice Sheet. The morphology and sub‐seabed stratigraphy of the 18 km long and 2 km wide Wicklow Trough is described here from new multibeam echosounder data, 60 km of sparker seismic profiles and five sediment cores. At a maximum water depth of 82 m, the deep consists of four overdeepened sections. The heterogeneous glacial sediments in the Trough overlay bedrock, with indications of flank mass‐wasting and subglacial bedforms on its floor. The evidence strongly suggests that the Wicklow Trough is a tunnel valley formed by time‐transgressive erosional processes, with pressurised meltwater as the dominant agent during gradual or slow ice sheet retreat. Its location may be fault‐controlled, and the northern end of the Wicklow Trough could mark a transition from rapid to slow grounded ice margin retreat, which could be tested with modelling.
Ultrasound Training in Radiology Residency Programs
Authors: Mansoori Bahar , Golnari Pedram , Sharifi Arghavan , Khoshpouri Pegah , Chalian Hamid , Herrmann Karin , Chalian Majid 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesComprehensive training in ultrasound (US) imaging during radiology residency is crucial if radiologists are expected to maintain a substantial role in this widely used imaging modality. This study aimed to evaluate the current curriculum of US training among radiology residency programs across the country via a nationwide survey.MethodsA 28‐question survey was distributed among all academic radiology departments in the United States and their radiology residents. The survey consisted of 4 sections: general demographic information, training information, clinical competency, and adequacy of training (perspective). The Student t test and 1‐way analyses of variance were performed to assess statistical significance.ResultsOverall, 256 residents from 32 states completed the questionnaire. Only 114 (45%) residents reported having a dedicated rotation for performing US studies. Although 228 (89%) of trainees believed they received adequate experience for interpreting US studies, only 66 (26%) of them had the same belief about performing them. Only 116 (45%) of the residents were comfortable operating the US machines in their departments. Higher years of residency training, having a dedicated rotation for performing US studies, and having more than 10 hours per year of didactic lectures and/or more than 5 hours per year of case conferences dedicated to US had a positive impact on the residents' clinical competency and perspective (all P < .05).ConclusionsMost radiology residents do not feel confident in performing US examinations by themselves. However, higher clinical competency was reported in the residents who had dedicated rotations for performing US studies and received more hours of US lectures and case conferences throughout their residency.
Utility of Esophagrams to Detect Prevertebral Invasion in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kaffenberger Thomas M. , Eichar Bradley , Traylor Katie S. , Kubik Mark W. , Branstetter Barton F. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisPrevertebral fascia invasion is a feature of advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) that predicts surgical futility. Magnetic resonance and computed topography imaging are used to identify prevertebral involvement, but reliable prediction remains a challenge. Our aims were to describe a new indication for esophagrams and assess its ability to detect prevertebral invasion preoperatively.Study DesignRetrospective Review.MethodsA retrospective review of advanced HPSCC patients from 2001 to 2019. Thirty‐one patients underwent curative treatment (21 surgically, 10 with chemoradiation) with a preoperative esophagram. Operative and pathology reports, and fluoroscopic images were collected from the medical record. Esophagrams were read independently by two blinded radiologists. Excursion of the laryngeal complex was quantified relative to the height of vertebral bodies; <0.5 bodies was considered positive for fixation. Surgery or comparative imaging modalities were the gold‐standard comparisons.ResultsMean age at diagnosis was 63 years. Twenty‐one patients underwent surgical treatment with laryngopharyngectomies. One patient had prevertebral invasion during surgical exploration. Ten patients underwent chemoradiation therapy, and three of these had prevertebral invasion. The average hyolaryngeal elevation was 1.05 vertebral bodies (standard deviation = 0.5). There was a strong correlation between radiologists (R = 0.80, P < .0001). Compared to the gold standard, esophagrams had sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 93%, positive predictive value of 60%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96%.ConclusionsThis study highlights the utility of a common radiologic modality in assessing prevertebral fascia invasion in an advanced‐stage HPSCC cohort undergoing surgical treatment. With a high NPV and specificity, the esophagram's potential to rule out prevertebral fascia invasion is a useful predictor of resectability.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:800–805, 2021
Regionalization of ORL Boot Camps: Report of the Society of University Otolaryngologists Task Force
Authors: Malloy Kelly M. , Lieu Judith E. C. , Cervenka Brian P. , Deutsch Ellen S. , Malekzadeh Sonya 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesSimulation‐based boot camps have emerged as timely vehicles to help novice residents develop the skills needed to manage medical emergencies. Geographically regional boot camps provide opportunities for interaction between residents and faculty from multiple otolaryngology programs. The Society of University Otolaryngologists (SUO) Boot Camp Task Force investigated the concept of regional access to otolaryngology boot camps with the goal of making more regional boot camps available for otolaryngology residents across the United States.Study DesignInterviews.MethodsThe SUO Boot Camp Task Force assessed regional access to otolaryngology boot camps with a focus on geographic distribution, curricular content, and finances. Boot camp directors were contacted by email and telephone and interviewed to elicit information on all these areas.ResultsData were available from 10 known regional simulation‐based boot camps designed for novice residents. Individual boot camps included from 12 to 30 residents and 10 to 50 faculty members. Curricula included both technical (ie, procedural) and non‐technical (eg, communication, leadership) skills for individuals and teams. Content was heavily weighted toward a variety of airway problems and management techniques, although various conditions involving hemorrhage, and airway fires were also addressed. Funding and expense structures had the greatest variability.ConclusionsConsiderable variability was identified among the known regional boot camps in terms of numbers of participants and finances, but fewer differences in curriculum. Geographic opportunity for 9 to 10 new boot camps was identified. The SUO Task Force recommends that a consensus be developed for several individual skill and teamwork scenario objectives to be included in each boot camp. Laryngoscope, 131:737–743, 2021
Comparison of visual and molecular taxonomic methods to identify ichthyoplankton in the North Sea
Authors: Mateos‐Rivera Alejandro , Skern‐Mauritzen Rasmus , Dahle Geir , Sundby Svein , Mozfar Bahar , Thorsen Anders , Wehde Henning , Krafft Bjørn A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe North Sea is an important spawning and nursery ground for many demersal and pelagic fishes whose spawning areas are largely overlapping in time and space. This makes ichthyoplankton visual identification from the various species particularly challenging. Despite historically intensive research in the area, detailed information on spawning sites and times for many taxa, are incomplete. To update and detail the mapping of fish spawning performance and distribution in the central and northern regions of the North Sea, the performance of a visual method and a molecular taxonomic approach used for taxonomic classification of ichthyoplankton was evaluated. Samples of fish eggs and larvae were collected regularly and in parallel at different latitudinal locations from the central to the northern North Sea, including a sample with 78 larvae used for direct comparison between both methods. A total of 5332 individuals were inspected and 36 different species were identified. The visual processing identified 89% of the collected larvae to species level, however, for the eggs the taxonomic resolution was lower with only 5% identified to species level. In comparison to visual identification, molecular barcoding gave higher precision of identification for larvae and especially for the eggs. For the larvae, 98% were assigned to species level, and for the eggs 94% were assigned to species level. We find that molecular barcoding is more effective and precise in taxonomic identification of both eggs and larvae to species level. However, visual identification is still needed to provide information on the developmental stages.
Thromboresistance of Polyurethanes Modified with PEO‐Silane Amphiphiles
Authors: Ngo Bryan Khai D. , Lim Kendrick K. , Johnson Jessica C. , Jain Abhishek , Grunlan Melissa A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurface‐induced thrombosis is problematic in blood‐contacting devices composed of silicones or polyurethanes (PUs). Poly(ethylene oxide)‐silane amphiphiles (PEO‐SA) are previously shown effective as surface modifying additives (SMAs) in silicones for enhanced thromboresistance. This study investigates PEO‐SAs as SMAs in a PU at various concentrations: 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µmol g−1 PU. PEO‐SA modified PUs are evaluated for their mechanical properties, water‐driven surface restructuring, and adhesion resistance against a human fibrinogen (HF) solution as well as whole human blood. Stability is assessed by monitoring hydrophilicity, water uptake, and mass loss following air‐ or aqueous‐conditioning. PEO‐SA modified PUs do not demonstrate plasticization, as evidenced by minimal changes in glass transition temperature, modulus, tensile strength, and percent strain at break. These also show a concentration‐dependent increase in hydrophilicity that is sustained following air‐ and aqueous‐conditioning for concentrations ≥25 µmol g−1. Additionally, water uptake and mass loss are minimal at all concentrations. Although protein resistance is not enhanced versus an HF solution, PEO‐SA modified PUs have significantly reduced protein adsorption and platelet adhesion from human blood at concentrations ≥10 µmol g−1. Overall, this study demonstrates the versatility of PEO‐SAs as SMAs in PU, which leads to enhanced and sustained hydrophilicity as well as thromboresistance.
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Induced Thermomechanical Reinforcement in Polymer Films Using Only Parts‐per‐Million Content
Authors: Romo‐Uribe Angel , Lichtenhan Joseph D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReinforcement of polymers by nanoparticles has been a challenge due to aggregation and solubility limits, especially at high loads. In this research, a robust and environmentally friendly fabrication approach to produce films reinforced with only parts‐per‐million (ppm) octamethyl‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (mePOSS) using conventional extrusion and blow molding processing is demonstrated. The nanocomposites exhibit enhanced thermomechanical properties, and only 160 ppm mePOSS increase the tensile mechanical modulus, E, by ≈120% relative to the neat polymer. Remarkably, there is no penalty on strain at fracture εf, as usually seen in reinforced (nano) composites. Toughness, yield stress, tear, and puncture resistance are also an increasing function of mePOSS content. Furthermore, mePOSS also increase the thermal decomposition temperature and melting temperature. The placement of mePOSS in the molecular web is key to the thermal and mechanical reinforcement and these properties maximize when the nanoparticle size 〈D〉 matches the tube diameter dt, i.e., 〈D〉/dt ≈ 1. This simple fabrication approach combined with ppm POSS content and tunability of physical properties afforded by the location of POSS in the entangled web offers a new paradigm for the bottom‐up design of tunable lightweight polymer nanocomposites with superior thermomechanical and transport properties.
Effect of Process Control Reagents on Structure and Electrochemical Performance of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3
Authors: Nagde Kalpana R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the present work, well‐recognized La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) system as cathode for IT‐SOFC is prepared by using different process control reagents (PCAs) such as stearic acid and salicylic acid with varying grinding times. This is the first attempt to develop LSM by using PCAs in mechanochemical synthesis. By using stearic acid single cubic phase, LSM material is obtained at 3 h of grinding (LSM‐St). However in case of salicylic acid, the respective phase of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 is achieved for 5 h of grinding (LSM‐Sa) and without PCA the same phase is obtained for 7 h of grinding (LSM‐Wt). X‐Ray diffraction confirms single crystalline cubic phase of as‐synthesized LSM by PCAs and without PCA. All the samples are sintered at 700 °C to improve the degree of crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy images of as‐synthesized samples reveal highly agglomerate fine‐scale grains. The temperature dependence of direct current conductivity curve exhibits linear dependence of conductivity with temperature, which is found maximum for LSM‐St as compared to other two samples. Symmetric cells in the configuration given by—composite cathode/electrolyte/composite cathode—are fabricated using spin coating technique. The area specific resistance is minimum for LSM‐St based symmetric cell and correlated with the maximum conductivity.