bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0083 Slow Wave Activity During Sleep is Associated with Longitudinal Change in Overnight Memory Recall
Authors: Buck C , Parker Fong K , Linkovski O , Kawai M , O’Hara R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) declines with age and may not be the most sensitive biomarker for memory in older adults. Analyzing the spectral power of slow wave activity (SWA) (0.5–4 Hz) may provide a more sensitive measure to capture the impact of sleep on memory. We investigated the association of SWA at baseline with the change of overnight memory recall over one year in older adults.

Methods
Participants were 42 community-dwelling healthy older adults (22 women and 20 men). We performed a polysomnography (PSG) and list-learning memory tests at baseline (T1) and after a one-year follow-up (T2). The procedure includes, 1) the participants memorized a 16 word list in the evening, 2) after a 5 minute delay, participants wrote down as many words as they could remember (evening recall), 3) overnight PSG was then performed, and 4) the following morning, participants wrote down as many words from the original list from the night before (overnight memory recall). This procedure was repeated at T2. Mixed modeling was utilized to analyze the association between baseline SWA and trajectory of overnight memory recall.

Results
For the SWA component, higher relative power of slow oscillation (0.5–1 Hz) during the first ultradian cycle at baseline was correlated with a greater decline in overnight memory recall after 1 year (t = -2.198, p = .034), which covaried for age and gender. There was no correlation with evening recall. Relative power of delta (1–4 Hz) range activity did not show an association with evening and overnight memory recall.

Conclusion
Higher relative power of slow oscillation at baseline predicts a greater decline of overnight memory recall. This may indicate a differential effect among the frequency ranges of SWA on longitudinal change in memory in older adults.

Support
This work was supported by National Institute of Health grants MH 070886, AG 18784 and AG17824 and the Office of Academic Affiliations, Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment, Department of Veterans Affairs.
0099 The Effects of Sleep on the Consolidation of Fearful Memories
Authors: Arsic M , Heiss L , Chambers A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Previous research has found that emotionally intense stimuli are better remembered than neutral stimuli, especially after a period of sleep. However, few studies have examined memory for experienced emotional events, especially fearful ones. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of sleep on memory consolidation using a fearful emotion induction task.

Methods
Thirty-three young adults (18.94±1.06 years; 64% female) were randomly assigned to either a fearful or neutral emotion induction condition. Participants were induced into their assigned emotion by visualizing each of eight emotion-congruent scenarios while corresponding music played in the background. Emotional state was measured using the Affect Grid before and after the emotion induction procedure. Twelve hours later, spanning either a day of wakefulness (wake group) or night of sleep (sleep group), participants were asked to recall the previously presented scenarios.

Results
A 2 x 2 ANOVA examined differences in the number of scenarios recalled between the conditions. A significant main effect of sleep was found, F(1,29)=8.41, p=.007, η 2p=.23, reflecting better recall in the sleep (3.21±1.78) vs. the wake group (1.79±1.72). There was also a main effect of emotion, F(1,29)=22.17, p&lt;.001, η 2p=.43, reflecting better recall in the fear (3.58±1.54) vs. the neutral condition (1.29±1.44). However, there was no interaction. Results were similar for the number of details recalled between the conditions. The sleep group (12.74±9.09) recalled more details than the wake group (5.50±5.81), F(1,29)=8.05, p=.008, η 2p=.22. More details were also recalled in the fear condition (13.16±8.73) than the neutral condition (4.93±5.77), F(1,29)=10.54, p=.003, η 2p=.27. There was again no interaction.

Conclusion
Results demonstrate that both sleep and fearful emotion facilitate memory consolidation. This work both supports and extends existing research by examining emotional memory consolidation through the manipulation of experienced events, which may more closely approximate real world learning than previous methods.

Support
N/A
0101 Episodic Future Thinking Triggers Age-Related Differences in Spindles and Slow Oscillations
Authors: Diaz J , Fillmore P , Gao C , Scullin M K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In young adults, sleep spindles are theorized to represent memory consolidation. Spindle density may be especially prominent when young adults encode information that has future relevance. Older adults, on the other hand, show reduced capacity for future thinking and deficits in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. To advance these literatures, we investigated whether the process of mentally simulating the future (versus remembering the past) was associated with subsequent alterations to sleep microarchitecture in young and older adults.

Methods
64 healthy adults aged 18–84 completed a polysomnography adaptation night followed by two in-laboratory experimental nights. On both nights, participants completed the Modified Future Crovitz Test (MFCT) in which they mentally simulated only future events or remembered only past events (night order counterbalanced). To quantify the extent of future/past thinking, we conducted linguistics analyses on tense (future/past) using LIWC 2015 software.

Results
On the future-thinking night, young adults with greater future-tense MFCT scores showed significantly greater spindle density across frontal, midline, and central sites (r=.42 to r=.51), even when controlling for age, gender, and total word count (all ps &lt; .01). The opposite was true for middle-to-older aged adults; greater future-tense MFCT scores were associated with less spindle density across midline and central sites after controlling for age, gender, and word count (r=-.44 to r=-.46, ps&lt;.05). However, while spindle density decreased, frontal slow oscillations increased in older adults with greater future-tense MFCT scores (r=.39, p&lt;.05). On the past-thinking night, spindle density and slow oscillations were unrelated to past-tense or future-tense MFCT scores for either age group.

Conclusion
Age-related deficits in memory consolidation may be due to impaired tagging of information as having future relevance, or impaired physiological responses during sleep to wake-based tagging. Addressing encoding—spindle interactions may inform why cognitive functioning declines in some adults more than others.

Support
Sleep Research Society Foundation
1013 Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Pathophysiological Insights into Obstructive Sleep Apnea During Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Cheong C S , Aung A T , Chan S , Lee C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent and carries prognostic implication in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The relative contribution of pathophysiological mechanisms in ACS towards OSA is not well-studied. We examined the correlation between severity of OSA and myocardial necrosis, inflammation, wall stress, and fibrosis.

Methods
A total of 89 patients admitted with ACS underwent an overnight sleep study during index admission. Plasma levels of peak troponin I, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) were prospectively analyzed. Two patients diagnosed with central sleep apnea were excluded.

Results
The recruited patients were divided into no (AHI &lt;5 events/hour, 9.2%), mild (5-&lt;15, 27.6%), moderate (15-&lt;30, 21.8%), and severe (≥30, 41.4%) OSA. The respective Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were 3.8±3.7, 5.3±4.9, 4.0±2.8, and 5.5±4.5 (p=0.734). Compared to the no, mild and moderate OSA groups, the severe OSA group had a higher body mass index (p=0.005). They were also more likely to present with ST-segment elevation ACS (vs non-ST-segment elevation ACS) (p=0.041), have undergone previous coronary artery bypass grafting (p=0.013), demonstrate complete coronary occlusion during baseline coronary angiography (p=0.049), and have a larger left atrium diameter measured on echocardiography (p=0.029). Likewise, the severe OSA group had higher plasma levels of troponin I (10584±13078, 11699±20130, 19280±30670, 37571±31269 µg/L; p=0.017), hs-CRP (8.1±9.2, 23.1±52.3, 9.3±17.1, 39.4±44.7 mg/L; p=0.004), and NT-proBNP (667±604, 765±856, 636±728, 1395±1220 pg/mL; p=0.004), but not ST2 (p=0.10). After adjusting for the effects of the confounding variables, severe OSA was independently associated with troponin I (i.e., myocardial necrosis; OR 1.00003, 95% CI 1.000013-1.000048; p=0.001) and NT-proBNP (i.e., myocardial wall stress; OR 1.00081, 95% CI 1.00021-1.00141; p=0.008).

Conclusion
Severe OSA during the acute phase of ACS was associated with extensive myocardial necrosis and myocardial wall stress, but not with inflammation and myocardial fibrosis.

Support
Nil
1015 Sleep Duration and Physical and Mental Health Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Results from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort
Authors: Lubas M M , Mandrell B N , Ehrhardt M J , Ness K K , Srivastava D , Robison L L , Hudson M M , Krull K R , Brinkman T M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disturbances are prevalent among adult survivors of childhood cancer, though little is known about associations between sleep and health in this vulnerable population.

Methods
Survivors recruited from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (n=911; 52% female; mean age 34 years; 26 years post-diagnosis) completed surveys assessing habitual sleep patterns and mental health and underwent comprehensive physical examinations. A subset of survivors (n=491) completed sleep actigraphy. Short sleep duration was defined as sleeping &lt;7 hours per night, assessed via self-report or actigraphy. Clinically-assessed health outcomes were defined as grade ≥2 using modified CTCAE criteria for cardiac, pulmonary, and renal conditions. Anxiety and depression were defined as scores ≥90th percentile on the Brief Symptom Inventory-18. Covariates included childhood cancer treatment exposures, demographics, body mass index, and physical inactivity. Separate logistic or modified Poisson (common outcomes) regression models were computed for each health category to estimate odds ratios (OR) or relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Self-report and actigraphy-assessed short sleep was identified in 44% and 42% of survivors, respectively. However, these measures were weakly correlated (r=0.23). In adjusted multivariable models, self-reported short sleep was associated with higher risk of pulmonary conditions (RR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.7), depression (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.4-5.1) and anxiety (OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.6-6.8), while associations with cardiac (RR=1.10, 95% CI=0.94-1.30) and renal conditions (OR=1.30, 95% CI=0.79-2.13) were not significant. There were no significant associations between actigraphy-assessed short sleep and any of the health outcomes.

Conclusion
Habitual self-reported short sleep was associated with clinically ascertained adverse health outcomes. Although the temporality of these associations cannot be determined in this cross-sectional study, sleep is a modifiable health behavior and improving sleep may improve health in survivors. Measures of self-reported sleep may have unique value when assessing the relationship between sleep and health.

Support
CA225590, K. Krull Principal Investigator; CA195547, M. Hudson and L. Robison Principal Investigators; CA21765, C. Roberts, Principal Investigator
1035 Sleep Duration and Metabolic Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Y , Xie J , Chen B , Basta M , Vgontzas A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
To systematically examine the association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (Mets) risk in cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies.

Methods
Data were collected from 36 cross-sectional and 9 longitudinal studies with a total of 164799 MetS subjects and 430895 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for MetS in cross-sectional studies and risk ratios (RRs) for incident MetS were calculated through meta-analyses of adjusted data from individual studies. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the association between MetS and the duration of short-and-long sleep.

Results
Short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased prevalent MetS (OR= 1.11, 95% CI =1.05-1.18) and incident MetS (RR= 1.28, 95% CI =1.07-1.53,) in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, respectively. Furthermore, long sleep duration was significantly associated with increased prevalent MetS in cross-sectional studies (OR= 1.14, 95% CI =1.05-1.23), rather than incident MetS (RR= 1.16, 95% CI =0.95-1.41) in longitudinal studies. Interestingly, the association between long sleep and prevalent MetS was found in sleep duration defined by 24-hour sleep (including naps) rather than nighttime sleep. In cross-sectional studies, pooled odds for MetS were 1.36 (95% CI=1.04-1.78, I2=83.3%) in ≤ 5 hours, 1.09 (95% CI=1.02-1.16, I2=67.8%) in ≤6 hours, 1.01 (95% CI=0.93-1.10, I2=24.9%) in &lt;7 hours, 1.11 (95% CI=1.02-1.21, I2=67.0%) in ≥9 hours and 1.31 (95% CI=1.22-1.40, I2=0%) in ≥10 hours, respectively. The association of short sleep and MetS was stronger in young and middle age adults, but lost in adults age &gt;60 years.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest 1) a “U-shape” relationship between sleep duration and MetS in cross-sectional studies and 2) association between short sleep duration, but not long sleep duration with incident MetS. Future studies should shed light on the underlying mechanisms related to the association between sleep duration and MetS and examine if normalizing sleep duration reduces MetS risk in the general population.

Support
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600068 & 81970087), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (No. YESS20160072), Medical Science Foundation of Guangdong Provence (A2018296) and Grant for Key Disciplinary Project of Clinical Medicine under the Guangdong High-level University Development Program.
1044 Adequate Sleep is Associated with Improved Diabetes Knowledge and HbA1c
Authors: Pandey A , Cooper L , Zrebiec J , Spadola C , Bennett R L , Rosenthal M M , Littlewood K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Although 55 % of the people with T2DM have low quality of sleep that may affect their physical and emotional wellbeing, and present challenges to the management of their condition, many Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs (DSME) that aim to improve knowledge of T2DM, don’t include information on healthy sleep. This study will examine the relationship between adequate sleep on improved T2DM knowledge and diabetes maintenance (HbA1c).

Methods
The Sleep Integrated with Diabetes Education (SLIDE) Trial tests whether including four brief healthy sleep hygiene sessions within an existing traditional Diabetes Self-Management Education Program improves healthy sleep, motivation for change, and biopsychosocial outcomes for 50 patients with DM who are under and uninsured. This study uses descriptive and ANOVAs to examine the relationship between adequate sleep and change in diabetes knowledge (Diabetes Knowledge Test) using self-report. EMR was used to link HbA1c and other biological measures.

Results
Fifty patients with T2DM (mean HbA1c = 8.79 ± 2.42) participating in a DSME Program at a southern urban community nonprofit hospital were randomly assigned to DSME classes or DSME classes + four 15-minute presentations (video and powerpoint) highlighting healthy sleep hygiene practices. The majority of these patients were obese (mean BMI=38.56±8.20). Only 11% reported normal sleep, with 41% reporting short sleep (&lt;6 hours) and 7% long sleep (&gt;8 hours). Patients who reported adequate sleep were more likely to improve diabetes knowledge (81% score vs. 68% score, p&lt;.001) and HbA1c (1.1 vs. -.03, p&lt;.001).

Conclusion
There is a relationship between adequate sleep and improving diabetes knowledge and maintenance for patients with T2DM. Future research could further explore this relationship and determine barriers and facilitators to adequate sleep and what role adequate sleep plays in improving T2DM knowledge and maintenance.

Support
Bon Sequor Foundation
1055 Cardiometabolic Disease Risk And Sleep Difficulty: Associations With Diet, Physician Support, Proactive Health Behaviors, And Family Risk Knowledge
Authors: Gilles A , Delgado G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Research relating sleep impairment and cardiometabolic disease supports exercise and diet in improving both conditions. The role of self- and other-informed knowledge on self-care behaviors is unknown. This study investigated how proactive health behaviors, physician support, and familial disease awareness are related in this comorbid population.

Methods
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2015-2016 was used. For this study, U.S. adults (N=9,971;49.3% female) with dietary, sleep, cardiometabolic disease risk, proactive health behavior, physician-informed, and familial knowledge of cardiometabolic disease data were selected. Self-reported sleep difficulty was defined as ever telling a doctor/health professional of trouble sleeping. Kendall’s tau-b correlations and multinomial regression were performed. Covariates included race, gender, weight control, dietary efforts, and exercise.

Results
Statistically significant associations between comorbid cardiometabolic disease/sleep difficulty (CMD/SD) and efforts to control/lose weight(X2(6)=63.956,p&gt;0.0001), reduce dietary salt(X2(6)=69.702,p&gt;0.0001), and reduce dietary fat(X2(6)=70.666,p&gt;0.0001) were found. Despite having comorbid CMD/SD, most participants (51%) reported no history of receiving physician-informed health improvement methods. However, statistically significant associations between comorbid CMD/SD and physician-informed methods and weight loss efforts(X2(4)=76.873,p&gt;0.0001), increased exercise(X2(4)=72.713,p&gt;0.0001), reduced dietary salt(X2(4)=96.892,p&gt;0.0001), and reduced dietary fat(X2(4)=104.231,p&gt;0.0001) were found. Statistically significant associations between comorbid CMD/SD and knowledge of close relative with heart attack(X2(9)=23.905,p=0.004) or diabetes(X2(9)=129.705,p&gt;0.0001) were found. Participants with comorbid CMD/SD were more likely to reduce dietary fat(X2(1)=4.575,p&lt; 0.032) than participants with comorbid sleep difficulty/cardiovascular disease or comorbid sleep difficulty/metabolic disease. Although no association between age of cardiometabolic diagnosis onset and proactive health behaviors was found, the regression model showed that male gender(p=0.008) and reducing dietary fat was predictive of comorbid CMD/SD(p=0.032).

Conclusion
Participants with comorbid CMD/SD directed proactive health efforts towards eating behavior (less food/decreasing salt and fat). With physician-informed support, participants additionally increased exercise level. Further exploring the role of familial disease knowledge, gender-specific support, and innovative efforts by health professionals in treating/preventing comorbid CMD/SD is warranted.

Support
None
1057 Evaluating Differences In Upper Airway Anatomy Between Diabetic And Non-diabetic OSA Patients
Authors: Ihemeremadu N , Lavi-Romer N , Zang Y , Keenan B , Schwab R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Studies show that OSA is linked to impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and the onset of diabetes. We hypothesized that diabetic OSA patients will have higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values than OSA patients without diabetes after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI) and that this difference can be explained through increases in upper airway structures between diabetic and non-diabetic OSA patients.

Methods
This study evaluated differences in upper airway and craniofacial dimensions and volume of the pharyngeal soft tissues between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Airway sizes, soft tissue volumes and craniofacial dimensions were quantified using three-dimensional MRI in OSA patients without diabetes (n=237) and OSA patients with diabetes (n=64). Comparisons in upper airway measures among diabetics and non-diabetics were performed using linear regression models controlling for age, sex, BMI, race, and AHI.

Results
Among study participants, diabetic OSA patients were older than non-diabetic OSA patients (54.2±10.1 vs. 47.3±11.1 years; p&lt;0.0001). No significant differences were found between diabetic and non-diabetic OSA patients with respect to BMI (39.8±7.0 vs. 38.4±8.8 kg/m2; p=0.207) or AHI (45.0±31.0 vs. 38.8±27.8 events/hour; p=0.154). In covariate adjusted models, non-diabetic OSA patients also had smaller RP minimum airway area (adjusted difference [95% CI] = -3119 [-5359, 879] mm2; p=0.0066) and RP minimum AP distance (-16.0 mm [-29.6, -2.5]; p=0.021) compared to diabetic OSA patients. No differences were observed in soft tissue volumes or craniofacial dimensions.

Conclusion
While diabetics had higher average AHI, we observed no significant differences in AHI between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with sleep apnea. In general, upper airway anatomy was similar between diabetic and non-diabetics apneics, controlling for demographic factors and AHI. Future studies should examine dynamic changes, in addition to static upper airway anatomy, in diabetic and non-diabetics apneics.

Support