bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is Hamasteghtsakan Art
Authors: Grigoryan Arman , Karoyan Nazareth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The document presents two separate articles with the same title –“What is Hamasteghtsakan Art” – by artist Arman Grigoryan and art critic Nazareth Karoyan, published in Armenia in 1994 and 1996 respectively. Translated from Armenian and introduced by Angela Harutyunyan both articles have been formative for the development of contemporary art in Armenia. While presenting diverging views on the meaning of hamasteghtsakan (translated as collectively created), the concept was circulated as a definition for a broad range of post-medium artistic practices in late Soviet and post-Soviet Armenia. These practices formed an oppositional discourse to both Socialist Realism and Armenian National modernism. Harutyunyan's introduction locates the texts in a broader context of artistic institutional transformations in the late 1980s and early 1994 in Armenia.
The Virtual Artist's Book as a Space for Curatorial Experiments: The Acropolis Remix Project
Authors: Lage Celina F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The author presents postdoctoral research on the concept of art exhibitions presented as virtual artist's books. The author's intent was to conduct theoretical research on emerging trends in art curation and virtual artists’ books, in addition to creating a digital art exhibition to be displayed in museums and other cultural venues. The research resulted in the creation of a hybrid augmented reality book titled Acropolis Remix, which can be exhibited in galleries, museums, libraries, gardens, private homes, etc.
Seasonal distribution of abundance, biomass and secondary production of free-living nematodes and their community composition in different stream micro-habitats
Authors: Brüchner-Hüttemann Henrike , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: November 2019

Summary
The nematode communities of four different micro-habitats in an unpolluted first-order stream were investigated over a 13-month period in a study of the sediment and the biofilms on dead wood, macrophytes and leaf litter. Nematode abundances, biomass and secondary production were analysed, together with the species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity of the nematode communities of the micro-habitats. Differences between the investigated micro-habitats in terms of seasonal variations, species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity were expected. The annual mean values of nematode abundance, biomass and secondary production differed significantly between the micro-habitats. Abundances were highest on dead wood, whereas biomass and secondary production were highest in sediment. In the sediment and on leaf litter, nematode abundance and biomass showed pronounced seasonal patterns. The largest contribution to the total secondary production of the stream was from sediment nematodes. In total, 108 nematode species were detected in the micro-habitats during the 13-month study. Comparisons between them revealed differences in nematode species composition. The annual mean species number was significantly higher in sediment and on leaf litter than on dead wood and macrophytes, whereas the annual mean Shannon-Wiener index was significantly higher in sediment than at all other micro-habitats. All micro-habitats in the studied stream, as well as the stream as a whole, were dominated by nematode species belonging to the deposit feeders. Our study clearly showed that the composition of nematode communities from different micro-habitats within a single stream reach can differ markedly.
Constraining Uncertainties in CMIP5 Projections of September Arctic Sea Ice Extent with Observations
Authors: Senftleben Daniel , Lauer Axel , Karpechko Alexey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn agreement with observations, Earth system models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) simulate a decline in September Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) over the past decades. However, the spread in their twenty-first-century SIE projections is large and the timing of the first ice-free Arctic summer ranges from 2020 to beyond 2100. The uncertainties arise from three sources (internal variability, model uncertainty, and scenario uncertainty), which are quantified in this study for projections of SIE. The goal is to narrow uncertainties by applying multiple diagnostic ensemble regression (MDER). MDER links future projections of sea ice extent to processes relevant to its simulation under present-day conditions using data covering the past 40 years. With this method, we can reduce model uncertainty in projections of SIE for the period 2020–44 by 30%–50% (0.8–1.3 million km2). Compared to the unweighted multimodel mean, the MDER-weighted mean projects an about 20% smaller SIE and an earlier near-disappearance of Arctic sea ice by more than a decade for a high–greenhouse gas scenario. We also show that two different methods estimating internal variability in SIE differ by 1 million km2. Regardless, the total uncertainties in the SIE projections remain large (up to 3.5 million km2, with irreducible internal variability contributing 30%) so that a precise time estimate of an ice-free Arctic proves impossible. We conclude that unweighted CMIP5 multimodel-mean projections of Arctic SIE are too optimistic and mitigation strategies to reduce Arctic warming need to be intensified.
Multicenter, randomized comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of 19‐gauge stainless steel and nitinol‐based needles for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy of solid pancreatic masses
Authors: Hann Alexander , Epp Sonja , Veits Lothar , Rosien Ulrich , Siegel Julian , Möschler Oliver , Bohle Wolfram , Meining Alexander 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe use of 19‐gauge (G) stainless steel needles for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy of a pancreatic mass often results in technical difficulties due to an inability to advance the relatively rigid needle out of the endoscope. More flexible nitinol‐based needles might decrease such technical difficulties and thus increase diagnostic accuracy.ObjectiveIn this prospective multicenter randomized single‐blinded study we compared the diagnostic value of those two needle types in patients with a solid pancreatic lesion.MethodsPatients with a solid pancreatic mass were diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy using one puncture with each needle in a randomized fashion. The primary endpoint was the diagnostic accuracy of each needle. Secondary endpoints included time for puncture, amount of tumour tissue obtained, and technical failure. Histological specimens were centrally reviewed by a pathologist blinded to the final needle type and final diagnosis (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02909530).ResultsOut of 46 prospectively recruited patients, central pathological examination was available for 41. Diagnostic accuracy for the two needles combined was 87.8%. Diagnostic accuracy was 66% and 68% using the stainless steel‐ and nitinol‐based needle respectively. Time spent for puncturing was 137 ± 61 s (mean ± standard deviation) for the stainless steel and 111 ± 53 s for the nitinol‐based needle (p  = 0.037). Technical failure occurred in three (6.5%) cases using the stainless steel‐ and in none using the nitinol‐based needle.ConclusionsUsage of a nitinol‐based 19‐G needle failed to present a significant superior accuracy compared with a stainless steel needle in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy of solid pancreatic lesions.
A cellular antidote to specifically deplete anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor–positive cells
Authors: Ruella Marco , Barrett David M. , Shestova Olga , Perazzelli Jessica , Posey Avery D. , Hong Seok Jae , Kozlowski Miroslaw , Lacey Simon F. , Melenhorst J. Joseph , June Carl H. , Gill Saar I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnintentional transduction of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts during CART19 manufacturing can lead to CAR19+ leukemic cells (CARB19) that are resistant to CART19 killing. We developed an anti-CAR19 idiotype chimeric antigen receptor (αCAR19) to specifically recognize CAR19+ cells. αCAR19 CAR T cells efficiently lysed CARB19 cells in vitro and in a primary leukemia-derived xenograft model. We further showed that αCAR19-CART cells could be used as an “antidote” to deplete CART19 cells to reduce long-term side effects, such as B-cell aplasia.
An EM algorithm to improve the estimation of the probability of clonal relatedness of pairs of tumors in cancer patients
Authors: Mauguen Audrey , Seshan Venkatraman E. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Begg Colin B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
We previously introduced a random-effects model to analyze a set of patients, each of which has two distinct tumors. The goal is to estimate the proportion of patients for which one of the tumors is a metastasis of the other, i.e. where the tumors are clonally related. Matches of mutations within a tumor pair provide the evidence for clonal relatedness. In this article, using simulations, we compare two estimation approaches that we considered for our model: use of a constrained quasi-Newton algorithm to maximize the likelihood conditional on the random effect, and an Expectation-Maximization algorithm where we further condition the random-effect distribution on the data.

Results
In some specific settings, especially with sparse information, the estimation of the parameter of interest is at the boundary a non-negligible number of times using the first approach, while the EM algorithm gives more satisfactory estimates. This is of considerable importance for our application, since an estimate of either 0 or 1 for the proportion of cases that are clonal leads to individual probabilities being 0 or 1 in settings where the evidence is clearly not sufficient for such definitive probability estimates.

Conclusions
The EM algorithm is a preferable approach for our clonality random-effect model. It is now the method implemented in our R package Clonality, making available an easy and fast way to estimate this model on a range of applications.
PSMD1 and PSMD2 regulate HepG2 cell proliferation and apoptosis via modulating cellular lipid droplet metabolism
Authors: Tan Yanjie , Jin Yi , Wu Xiang , Ren Zhuqing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundObesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are well-known risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The lipid-rich environment enhances the proliferation and metastasis abilities of tumor cells. Previous studies showed the effect of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) on tumor cell proliferation. However, the underlying mechanism of UPS in regulating the proliferation of lipid-rich tumor cells is not totally clear.ResultsHere, we identify two proteasome 26S subunits, non-ATPase 1 and 2 (PSMD1andPSMD2), which regulate HepG2 cells proliferation via modulating cellular lipid metabolism. Briefly, the knockdown ofPSMD1and/orPSMD2decreases the formation of cellular lipid droplets, the provider of the energy and membrane components for tumor cell proliferation. Mechanically,PSMD1andPSMD2regulate the expression of genes related to de novo lipid synthesis via p38-JNK and AKT signaling. Moreover, the high expression ofPSMD1andPSMD2is significantly correlated with poor prognosis of HCC.ConclusionWe demonstrate thatPSMD1andPSMD2promote the proliferation of HepG2 cells via facilitating cellular lipid droplet accumulation. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lipid-rich tumors.
Clinical characteristics in blood stream infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella variicola, and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae: a comparative study, Japan, 2014–2017
Authors: Imai Kazuo , Ishibashi Noriomi , Kodana Masahiro , Tarumoto Norihito , Sakai Jun , Kawamura Toru , Takeuchi Shinichi , Taji Yoshitada , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Ikebuchi Kenji , Murakami Takashi , Maeda Takuya , Mitsutake Kotaro , Maesaki Shigefumi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Klebsiella variicola and K. quasipneumoniae are new species distinguishable from K. pneumoniae but they are often misidentified as K. pneumoniae in clinical settings. Several reports have demonstrated the possibility that the virulence factors and clinical features differ among these three phylogroups. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether there were differences in clinical and bacterial features between the three phylogroups isolated from patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Japan.

Methods
Isolates from all patients with BSIs caused by K. pneumoniae admitted to two hospitals between 2014 and 2017 (n = 119) were included in the study. Bacterial species were identified via sequence analysis, and their virulence factors and serotypes were analyzed via multiplex PCR results. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records.

Results
Of the 119 isolates, 21 (17.7%) were identified as K. variicola and 11 (9.2%) as K. quasipneumoniae; K1 serotype was found in 16 (13.4%), and K2 serotype in 13 (10.9%). Significant differences in the prevalence of rmpA, iutA, ybtS, entB and kfu (p < 0.001), and allS genes (p < 0.05) were found between the three phylogroups. However, there were no significant differences in clinical features, including the 30-day mortality rate, between the three organisms, although K. variicola was more frequently detected in patients over 80 years old compared with other Klebsiella species (p < 0.005), and K. quasipneumoniae more frequently occurred in patients with malignancy (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrated the differences in bacterial pathogenicity and clinical features among these three phylogroups. Further epidemiological studies into BSI caused by Klebsiella species are warranted.
Difficulties in tuberculosis infection control in a general hospital of Vietnam: a knowledge, attitude, and practice survey and screening for latent tuberculosis infection among health professionals
Authors: Ngo Chau Quy , Manabe Toshie , Vu Giap Van , Chu Hanh Thi , Vu Trang Thi Thu , Tran Trang Thu , Doan Lan Thi Phuong , Takasaki Jin , Kudo Koichiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Vietnam, a country with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden, health professionals in both TB-specialized and non-TB-specialized general hospitals have a high risk of acquiring TB. The aims of the present study were to clarify the difficulties in TB infection control at non-TB specialized hospitals and whether any associated risks of latent TB infection exist among health professionals in Vietnam.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in a national tertiary and general hospital of Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants were health professionals, including physicians, nurses, and other health professionals. We assessed difficulties in TB infection control by conducting a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey. We also collected data on the results of tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) conducted during health check-ups for hospital staff to determine whether health professionals had latent TB infection or TB disease. KAP scores were compared among health professional groups (physicians vs. nurses vs. other health professionals). Factors influencing knowledge scores were evaluated using multiple regression analysis.ResultsA total 440 health professionals at the study site participated in the KAP survey, and we collected the results of TSTs from a total of 299 health professionals. We observed a high prevalence of latent TB infection (74.2%), especially among participants in the emergency department. Although participants had high KAP scores, some topics were less understood, such as symptoms and risks of TB, proper use of protective equipment such as N95 respirators, and preventing transmission by patients with confirmed or suspected TB. Factors influencing knowledge scores associated with TB were age, a belief that TB is the most important infectious disease, being a medical professional, having previously attended workshops or seminars, and knowing that Vietnam has a high burden of TB.ConclusionIn a non-TB specialized hospital of Vietnam, we observed a risk of TB infection among health professionals and difficulties in properly controlling TB infection. Early awareness regarding patients with suspected TB, to apply proper measures and prevent transmission, and education regarding obtaining updated knowledge through scientific information are crucial to enhancing TB infection control in general hospitals of Vietnam.
Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after vaginal delivery: a case report and literature review
Authors: Cosma Stefano , Borella Fulvio , Carosso Andrea , Ingala Agata , Fassio Federica , Robba Tiziana , Maina Aldo , Bertero Luca , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis is a rare cause of pelvic pain after delivery, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The clinical context is the same as the more common diastasis of the pubic bone, but the presence of intense local pain in association with fever should prompt further clinical work-up based on blood chemistry, microbiology and diagnostic imaging. We report the first case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis occuring after the delivery.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old woman developed pain over the pubic bone 12 h after the delivery. After 72 h fever rose and laboratory examination showed elevation of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels. Pelvic x-rays and magnetic resonance showed pubic diastasis, joint effusion, tiny irregularities of articular surfaces and, severe bone edema. The patient was started on broad spectrum intravenous (IV) antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam) and then replaced to IV vancomycin and oral levofloxacin based on antibiogram result. She was then discharged with oral antibiotic therapy and fully recovered.

Conclusions
Due to the rarity of this disease, we compared our experience with the other cases of osteomyelitis of pubic symphysis occurring in peri-postpartum reported in the literature. The course of osteomyelitis was favourable in all patients, and only in one case an additional orthopedic procedure for symphysis fixation was necessary. Knowledge of this rare condition is important to enable prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluating the performance of convolutional neural networks with direct acyclic graph architectures in automatic segmentation of breast lesion in US images
Authors: Costa Marly Guimarães Fernandes , Campos João Paulo Mendes , de Aquino e Aquino Gustavo , de Albuquerque Pereira Wagner Coelho , Costa Filho Cícero Ferreira Fernandes 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Outlining lesion contours in Ultra Sound (US) breast images is an important step in breast cancer diagnosis. Malignant lesions infiltrate the surrounding tissue, generating irregular contours, with spiculation and angulated margins, whereas benign lesions produce contours with a smooth outline and elliptical shape. In breast imaging, the majority of the existing publications in the literature focus on using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for segmentation and classification of lesions in mammographic images. In this study our main objective is to assess the ability of CNNs in detecting contour irregularities in breast lesions in US images.

Methods
In this study we compare the performance of two CNNs with Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) architecture and one CNN with a series architecture for breast lesion segmentation in US images. DAG and series architectures are both feedforward networks. The difference is that a DAG architecture could have more than one path between the first layer and end layer, whereas a series architecture has only one path from the beginning layer to the end layer. The CNN architectures were evaluated with two datasets.

Results
With the more complex DAG architecture, the following mean values were obtained for the metrics used to evaluate the segmented contours: global accuracy: 0.956; IOU: 0.876; F measure: 68.77%; Dice coefficient: 0.892.

Conclusion
The CNN DAG architecture shows the best metric values used for quantitatively evaluating the segmented contours compared with the gold-standard contours. The segmented contours obtained with this architecture also have more details and irregularities, like the gold-standard contours.
Factors related to suboptimal recovery of renal function after living donor nephrectomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Nishida Sho , Hidaka Yuji , Toyoda Mariko , Kinoshita Kohei , Tanaka Kosuke , Kawabata Chiaki , Hamanoue Satoshi , Inadome Akito , Yokomizo Hiroshi , Takeda Asami , Uekihara Soichi , Yamanaga Shigeyoshi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The renal function of the remaining kidney in living donors recovers up to 60~70% of pre-donation estimated-glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by compensatory hypertrophy. However, the degree of this hypertrophy varies from donor to donor and the factors related to it are scarcely known.

Methods
We analyzed 103 living renal transplantations in our institution and divided them into two groups: compensatory hypertrophy group [optimal group, 1-year eGFR ≥60% of pre-donation, n = 63] and suboptimal compensatory hypertrophy group (suboptimal group, 1-year eGFR < 60% of pre-donation, n = 40). We retrospectively analyzed the factors related to suboptimal compensatory hypertrophy.

Results
Baseline eGFRs were the same in the two groups (optimal versus suboptimal: 82.0 ± 13.1 ml/min/1.73m2 versus 83.5 ± 14.8 ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.588). Donor age (optimal versus suboptimal: 56.0 ± 10.4 years old versus 60.7 ± 8.7 years old, p = 0.018) and uric acid (optimal versus suboptimal: 4.8 ± 1.2 mg/dl versus 5.5 ± 1.3 mg/dl, p = 0.007) were significantly higher in the suboptimal group. The rate of pathological chronicity finding on 1-h biopsy (ah≧1 ∩ ct + ci≧1) was much higher in the suboptimal group (optimal versus suboptimal: 6.4% versus 25.0%, p = 0.007). After the multivariate analysis, the pathological chronicity finding [odds ratio (OR): 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–17.8, p = 0.021] and uric acid (per 1.0 mg/dl, OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.2, p = 0.022) were found to be independent risk factors for suboptimal compensatory hypertrophy.

Conclusion
Chronicity findings on baseline biopsy and higher uric acid were associated with insufficient recovery of the post-donated renal function.