bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of important bacterial and parasitic infections in Danish wild boars (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Petersen Heidi Huus , Takeuchi-Storm Nao , Enemark Heidi Larsen , Nielsen Stine Thorsø , Larsen Gitte , Chriél Mariann 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Similar to the situation in other European countries, Danish wild boars may harbour a wide range of pathogens infectious to humans and domestic pigs. Although wild boars must be kept behind fences in Denmark, hunting and consumption of the meat may cause zoonotic transmission. Moreover, most infections of wild boars are transmissible to domestic pigs, which may have important economic consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Danish wild boars were infected with bacteria and parasites transmissible to humans or domestic pigs: Brucella suis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella spp., Trichinella spp., lungworms and gastrointestinal parasites, especially Ascaris suum. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of these important pathogens in Danish wild boars.

Results
Wild boars from eight enclosures were analysed over a 5-year period. All tested wild boars were negative for B. suis (n = 240), MRSA (n = 244), Salmonella spp. (n = 115) and Trichinella spp. (n = 232), while eight parasite genera were identified in the faeces (n = 254): Ascaris suum, Capillaria sp., Cystoisospora suis, Eimeria spp., Metastrongylus sp. (lungworm), Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis and strongylid eggs, i.e. strongyles not identified to the genera. Eimeria spp. and Metastrongylus sp. had the highest prevalence (92.3 and 79.5%, respectively) and were identified in wild boars from all eight enclosures, while the remaining parasite genera were present more sporadically.

Conclusions
Wild boars from Denmark constitute a low risk of transmitting B. suis, MRSA, Salmonella spp. and Trichinella spp. to humans or domestic pigs, while economically important parasites transmissible to domestic pigs are highly prevalent in the wild boar population.
Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA and antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Ehrlichia canis in a dog kennel in South-Central Romania
Authors: Cazan Cristina Daniela , Ionică Angela Monica , Matei Ioana Adriana , D’Amico Gianluca , Muñoz Clara , Berriatua Eduardo , Dumitrache Mirabela Oana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCanine vector-borne diseases are caused by pathogens transmitted by arthropods including ticks, mosquitoes and sand flies. Many canine vector-borne diseases are of zoonotic importance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vector-borne infections caused by Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Leishmania infantum in a dog kennel in Argeș County, Romania. Dog kennels are shelters for stray dogs with no officially registered owners that are gathered to be neutered and/or boarded for national/international adoptions by various public or private organizations. The international dog adoptions might represent a risk in the transmission of pathogens into new regions. In this context, a total number of 149 blood samples and 149 conjunctival swabs from asymptomatic kennel dogs were assessed using serology and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. were detected in one dog (0.6%), anti-Anaplasma antibodies were found in five dogs (3.3%), while ten dogs (6.7%) tested positive for D. immitis antigen. Overall, 20.1% (30/149) of dogs were positive for L. infantum DNA. All samples were seronegative for anti-Leishmania antibodies. When adopting dogs from this region of Romania, owners should be aware of possible infection with especially L. infantum. The travel of infected dogs may introduce the infection to areas where leishmaniasis is not present.
GMM-Demux: sample demultiplexing, multiplet detection, experiment planning, and novel cell-type verification in single cell sequencing
Authors: Xin Hongyi , Lian Qiuyu , Jiang Yale , Luo Jiadi , Wang Xinjun , Erb Carla , Xu Zhongli , Zhang Xiaoyi , Heidrich-O’Hare Elisa , Yan Qi , Duerr Richard H. , Chen Kong , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIdentifying and removing multiplets are essential to improving the scalability and the reliability of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Multiplets create artificial cell types in the dataset. We propose a Gaussian mixture model-based multiplet identification method, GMM-Demux. GMM-Demux accurately identifies and removes multiplets through sample barcoding, including cell hashing and MULTI-seq. GMM-Demux uses a droplet formation model to authenticate putative cell types discovered from a scRNA-seq dataset. We generate two in-house cell-hashing datasets and compared GMM-Demux against three state-of-the-art sample barcoding classifiers. We show that GMM-Demux is stable and highly accurate and recognizes 9 multiplet-induced fake cell types in a PBMC dataset.
Dermatobia hominis in a dog imported from Brazil to Romania
Authors: Deak Georgiana , Ionică Angela Monica , Nădășan-Cozma Giulia , Mihalca Andrei Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Oestridae: Cuterebrinae) is a parasite with an important zoonotic and economical impact in the cattle industry, distributed in Central and South America, inhabiting wooded areas along rivers and lowlands. It infests mammals including humans. Lately, there has been a growing trend for people to travel on holidays with their pet dog and also international trade of dogs has increased significantly in the last two decades. Hence, the risk of importation of exotic parasites, including agents of myiasis has increased. Dermatobia hominis has been commonly reported as an imported parasite to various countries, mostly as human cases and currently there are only two published cases of D. hominis imported with dogs to Europe. Herein, we report a case of D. hominis infestation in Romania in a dog recently imported from Brazil.

Methods
Larvae were manually extracted from nodules of a 4-month old non-neutered male, Fila Brasileiro in Arad, Romania. The larvae were morphologically identified, and one specimen was characterized molecularly by amplification and sequencing of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1).

Results
All larvae were morphologically identified as L3 of Dermatobia hominis. The BLAST analysis revealed a 98.81% nucleotide similarity to two D. hominis isolates from Brazil. The sequence was deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number MT364820.

Conclusions
The travel history of dogs is an important part of the veterinary anamnesis questions and should be thoroughly conducted in the daily practice. Also, prior to and after the importation of dogs from tropical regions, a thorough check of the body surface to detect the presence of nodules is recommended.
Physical activity measured using wearable activity tracking devices associated with gout flares
Authors: Elmagboul Nada , Coburn Brian W. , Foster Jeffrey , Mudano Amy , Melnick Joshua , Bergman Debra , Yang Shuo , Chen Lang , Filby Cooper , Mikuls Ted R. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Saag Kenneth 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To determine the feasibility and validity of using wearable activity trackers to test associations between gout flares with physical activity and sleep.

Methods
Participants with physician-diagnosed gout, hyperuricemia (≥ 6.8 mg/dl), current smartphone use, and ≥ 2 self-reported flares in the previous 6 months were enrolled. Physical activity, heart rate, and sleep data were obtained from wearable activity trackers (Fitbit Charge HR2). Daily compliance was defined by the availability of sufficiently complete activity data at least 80% of the day. Associations of weekly gout flares with sleep and activity were measured by comparing flare-related values to average sleep and steps per day. We used mixed linear models to account for repeated observations.

Results
Forty-four participants enrolled; 33 met the criteria for minimal wear time and flare reporting, with activity tracker data available for 60.5% of all total study days. Mean ± SD age was 48.8 ± 14.9 years; 85% were men; 15% were black; 88% were on allopurinol or febuxostat, and 30% reported ≥ 6 flares in the prior 6 months. Activity trackers captured 204 (38%) person-weeks with flares and 340 (62%) person-weeks without flares. Mean ± SD daily step count was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) during weeks with gout flares (5900 ± 4071) than during non-flare periods (6972 ± 5214); sleep however did not differ.

Conclusion
The pattern of wear in this study illustrates reasonable feasibility of using such devices in future arthritis research. The use of these devices to passively measure changes in physical activity patterns may provide an estimate of gout flare occurrence and duration.

Trial registration
NCT, NCT02855437. Registered 4 August 2016
The effects of bush control methods on encroaching woody plants in terms of die-off and survival in Borana rangelands, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hare Malicha Loje , Xu Xinwen , Wang Yongdong , Gedda Abule Ibro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA study on the effect of bush control methods on encroaching woody species, namely Acacia drepanolobium, Acacia mellifera and Acacia reficiens was conducted for a 2 years’ time. A 3 ha of land was divided into two plots. Each replication with an area of 300 m × 50 m was again sub-divided into six plots (each 50 m × 50 m) to accommodate six treatments. Bush control treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and replicated two times across sites of similar topography. During the post-treatment period, responses of woody species to different treatments in terms of mortality and coppicing were monitored. Data was analysed using R software and Tukey’s studentized range tests for comparisons of means. The applied treatments significantly influenced (P < 0.05) encroaching woody species. The finding showed that five out of the six bush control treatments greatly promoted woody mortality, however with species-specific differences. The stem-burning, tree cutting with fire–browse combination, cutting and fire, cutting and browsing, and cutting treatments greatly increased species mortality compared to the control treatment. Responses due to treatment effect also varied significantly (P < 0.05) among encroaching woody species. Accordingly, mortality was higher in A. reficiens than in the other two species, indicating that A. reficiens is greatly susceptible to the applied treatments. The significant finding was that woody species exhibited greater mortality in response to selective cutting/thinning and post-management techniques. Post-thinning management measures would sustain savanna ecology, if implemented at certain intervals.
The frequency and inter-relationship of PD-L1 expression and tumour mutational burden across multiple types of advanced solid tumours in China
Authors: Chen Yanhui , Wang Yating , Luo Hongli , Meng Xue , Zhu Wei , Wang Di , Zeng Hui , Zhang Henghui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
PD-L1 expression and tumour mutational burden (TMB) are both associated with the responses of multiple tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, their prevalence and correlations may differ in different types of advanced solid tumours.

Methods
PD-L1 expression, TMB, and PD-1+ Tils (tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes) infiltration and their relationships were assessed in 6668 advanced solid tumour specimens across 25 tumour types. CD8+ T cell infiltration was analysed in 347 NSCLC samples. The associations of these biomarkers with the therapeutic effect of PD-1 inhibitor were analysed in a cohort of NSCLC samples.

Results
PD-L1 expression levels and TMB in different tumour types varied widely and their relationship was not significantly correlated in most cancer types, with only a small association across all specimens (Spearman R = 0.059). PD-1+ Tils infiltration was positively correlated with PD-L1 expression across all samples (Spearman R = 0.3056). However, there is no such correlation between PD-1+ Tils infiltration and TMB. In NSCLC samples, CD8+ T cell infiltration was correlated with PD-1+ Tils infiltration and PD-L1 expression but not with TMB (Spearman R = 0.4117, 0.2045, and 0.0007, respectively). Patients in the CR/PR group (anti-PD-1 therapy) had higher levels of PD-L1 expression, TMB, PD-1+ Tils, and CD8+ T cell infiltration, and many patients in this group exhibited concomitantly elevated levels of multiple biomarkers.

Conclusions
Our results showed the PD-L1 expression status and TMB in various types of advanced solid tumours in Chinese patients and their relationships with PD-1+ Tils and CD8+ T cell infiltration, which may inform ICI treatment.
Effects of continuous renal replacement therapy with the AN69ST membrane for septic shock and sepsis-induced AKI in an infant: a case report with literature review of cytokine/mediator removal therapy in children
Authors: Nishizaki Naoto , Ueno Riko , Nagayama Yuki , Abe Hanako , Matsuda Akina , Mizutani Akira , Obinata Kaoru , Okazaki Tadaharu , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeptic shock is a life-threatening condition and one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). The acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate surface-treated (AN69ST) membrane used in severe sepsis was formally launched in Japan in 2014, as a non-renal indication. This membrane provides hemofiltration in dialysis and improves hemodynamics in patients with sepsis and hypercytokinemia. However, the clinical literature regarding continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with the AN69ST membrane is very limited, especially in infants.Case presentationA 3-month-old female infant weighing 4.2 kg was hospitalized for septic shock and AKI secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis. Although she underwent palliative surgery, her vital signs did not recover from shock, and she developed reduced urine output. Her pediatric sequential organ failure assessment score was 10 points. Thus, we strongly suspected septic shock and sepsis-induced AKI, which were refractory to conservative treatment, and we decided to introduce CRRT with the AN69ST membrane for both renal replacement and anti-hypercytokinemic indications. After initiating CRRT for 72 h, her blood pressure increased sufficiently to maintain urine output, and improvements in the electrolyte abnormalities and metabolic acidosis were observed. Notably, her serum inflammatory cytokine levels decreased in parallel with improvement in her general condition. Despite successfully recovering from the AKI and being stable enough to allow discontinuing CRRT, she died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 3 weeks after CRRT was discontinued.ConclusionsCRRT may complement standard treatment in patients with sepsis-induced AKI to control the amplitude of the systemic inflammatory response regarding acute tissue and organ damage. We expect that CRRT with the AN69ST membrane will be recognized as an option for the treatment of septic shock and sepsis-induced AKI, even in infants.
Bibliometric analysis of global research output on antimicrobial resistance in the environment (2000–2019)
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M. , Moh’d Mansour Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires a “One Health” approach. Of the One Health triad, the environmental component is the most dynamic and most neglected. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess and analyze global research activity on AMR in the environment.

Methods
This was a bibliometric descriptive study of publications on AMR in the environment. Publications were retrieved using SciVerse Scopus for the study period from 2000 to 2019. The search query was developed using terms and phrases related to the topic. The retrieved publications were analyzed for specific bibliometric indicators including annual growth, citation analysis, key players, research output for each world regions, research themes, and occurrences of different drug classes of antimicrobials. Visualization maps including research collaboration were created using VOSviewer program. The Hirsch (h) index was used to assess scientific impact.

Results
There were 2611 research articles based on the implemented research query. The retrieved documents had an average of 22 citations per document and an h-index of 122. The annual number of publications showed a steep increase from 2011 to 2019. The major research themes in the field were (1) dissemination and abundance of antibiotic-resistant genes and (2) detection of bacterial strains or antibiotic residues in various environmental isolates. The bulk of the retrieved articles (n = 899; 34.4%) originated from the European region. China led with 598 (22.9%) documents. Four of the top 10 active institutions were in China. The top 10 active countries had relatively inadequate international research collaboration. The most commonly encountered antibiotic drug classes in the retrieved articles were penicillin/cephalosporin (n = 1152 occurrences). The most frequently encountered pathogen in the retrieved publications was E. coli (n = 666). The Science of the Total Environment journal was the most prolific journal with 139 (5.3%) publications.

Conclusion
Scientific literature on the AMR in the environment has witnessed a steep growth lately with a leading role of China and Chinese institutions. Data on AMR in the environment need to be collected from all world regions including the Eastern Mediterranean and African regions through research collaboration and funding of research in this field.
Restless Legs Syndrome and Other Common Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
Authors: Garcia-Malo Celia , Peralta Sofia Romero , Garcia-Borreguero Diego 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In this article, the different sleep-related movement disorders are discussed with special attention given to restless legs syndrome (RLS).

RECENT FINDINGS
The differential diagnosis of sleep-related movement disorders can often be challenging; therefore, it is essential to have accurate information to make a correct diagnosis. This article focuses on RLS, highlighting the change in the paradigm of initial treatment, the role played by iron (pathophysiologic and therapeutic), and how to approach possible complications occurring with long-term treatment.

SUMMARY
RLS is one of the most common neurologic conditions, and it is common in clinical practice to find patients experiencing symptoms suggestive of RLS. Neurologists must be careful and thorough in the diagnosis, excluding RLS mimics. The decisions regarding which specific sleep-related movement disorder is present and how it should be treated are important because in certain cases, especially in RLS, adverse effects and long-term complications are frequently reported with the use of certain drugs.
The importance of chosen attributes of a digital postal service in shaping its quality in the opinion of customers at the age of 18-30
Authors: Kowalik Kamila 
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is to present the importance of the chosen digital postal service’s attributes in shaping its quality in the opinion of young customers at the age of 18-30. The first part contains the theoretical framework of service quality, digital services, postal market and digital competences. Afterwards, the results of anonymous survey have been presented. The study has been conducted among fifty respondents at the indicated age and it consisted of assessing the meaning of nine chosen quality factors on a Likert scale of 1-5. The results contributed to the formulations of conclusions on the validity of chosen determinants of the digital postal service quality for customers at the age of 18-30.
New directions in treatment of the ischemic stroke
Authors: Zaremba Bartłomiej , Gorecka Adrianna , Wysokińska Olga , Cholewa Krystian , Milanowska Joanna 
Published: July 2020

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The cause is decrease or total blocking of blood perfusion in brain and fast recognition is essential to conduct proper treatment. Currently commonly used methods are thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, which high efficacy is observed only if they are performed within a few hours of the first symptoms. Hence loads of people, who are diagnosed later, become unable to undergo effective treatment.In the study are presented pathogenesis, epidemiology, classification, diagnosis and current treatment of the disease, but the main aim of the study is to present the results of the reports on new treatments for ischemic stroke. The research method is a review of the available literature published in PubMed, UpToDate and Google scholar databases.In the study were reviewed new methods, which can be alternative for currently used ones. They are small molecules including fluoxetine, aripiprazole, L-DOPA, cholinergic and noradrenergic drugs, growth factors (HCG, EPO), monoclonal antibodies, allogenic stem cells, neurostimulators, robotic therapy and telerehabilitation.They give hope for curing a larger number of patients and improving effects of rehabilitation after ischemic stroke. However most of the methods, which are presented in this study require the use of tests that will allow checking their safety and application.
Vertically aligned GaN nanorod arrays/p-Si heterojunction self-powered UV photodetector with ultrahigh photoresponsivity
Authors: Zheng Yulin , Tang Xin , Yang Yuhui , Wang Wenliang , Li Guoqiang 
Published: August 2020

Self-powered photodetectors have demonstrated potential for developing future wireless and implantable devices. Herein, we present a self-powered UV photodetector with an ultrahigh photoresponse based on vertically oriented and high crystalline quality

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-type GaN nanorod arrays: poly(methyl methacrylate)/p-Si heterojunction. Benefiting from the highly efficient separation and transport of photoexcited electron–hole pairs, significant improvements in photoresponsivity are experimentally obtained. In a zero-biased self-powered detection mode, a

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Jones detectivity are achieved under 355 nm light illumination, and the response time is as low as 0.29/3.07 ms (rise/fall times).