bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive functioning in first episode psychosis. Gender differences and relation with clinical variables
Authors: Vila‐Badia Regina , Del Cacho Núria , Butjosa Anna , Ochoa Susana , Serra‐Arumí Clara , Esteban‐Sanjusto Marina , Pardo Marta , Dolz Montserrat , Casado‐Ortega Ariadna , Coromina Marta ,   PROFEP Grup, Usall Judith 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsto study the differences in cognitive functioning in patients and controls. In addition, study the influence of symptoms, cannabis consumption, chlorpromazine doses, DUP and IQ in cognitive performance in patients, both in the total sample and divided by gender.Methods70 first episode psychosis patients and 63 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study and were assessed with the MATRICS battery and the Vocabulary subtest of WAIS‐IV. Symptoms in FEP patients were evaluated with the Emsley factors of the PANSS scale.Resultspatients showed lower scores than controls in all cognitive domains studied. There were no significant differences between FEP men and FEP women, but we found gender differences in favour of women in processing speed, working memory and composite total scored domains in the HC group. Finally, symptoms and Chlorpromazine doses showed an influence on cognitive performance in the total FEP sample. When splitting the sample by gender, positive symptoms may be more detrimental to women's cognitive functioning, while disorganized symptoms may play the most important role in cognitive performance in men.Conclusionspatients showed worse cognitive performance in all cognitive domains compared to healthy controls. In our FEP sample, gender does not seem to influence cognitive performance measured with the MATRICS. Severity of symptoms influences positively in cognitive performance. The dose of Chlorpromazine and symptoms are influential variables to be taken into account in cognition rehabilitation programs.
Long‐term legacy of land‐use change in soils from a subtropical rainforest: Relating microbiological and physicochemical parameters
Authors: Tosi Micaela , Chludil Hugo D. , Correa Olga S. , Vogrig Jimena A. , Montecchia Marcela S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTropical and subtropical ecosystems are widely affected by the expansion of agriculture over pristine lands. Despite research efforts, knowledge of the impact of land‐use change on soil is still limited by intrinsic variability, inconsistent results and inadequate replication. This study aimed to better understand the consequences of land‐use change by focusing on long‐term effects on both soil biotic and abiotic parameters. For this purpose, we selected three productive farms under similar management, each of them with pristine forest sites and agricultural sites that had been deforested for ~15 and ~30 years. In each site, we analysed soil microbiological (phospholipid fatty acids [PLFAs], biomass and activity) and physicochemical parameters. Long‐term land‐use change caused a detriment in soil microbial biomass, activity and fungal abundance, but only small changes in PLFA composition. In fact, PLFA composition was more affected by soil physicochemical properties such as carbon‐to‐nutrient ratios and labile carbon than by land use. Some physicochemical parameters (e.g., organic carbon and nutrients) were also negatively affected by land‐use change and were more sensitive to time under agricultural use than microbiological parameters. The lower sensitivity of microbiological parameters could be the result of severe drought conditions at sampling, which may have affected soil microbial communities in both land uses. We were also able to detect associations between specific microbiological and physicochemical parameters. Among these, we identified some that seemed to result from their co‐variation in response to land‐use change and others that seemed to be independent of land use. Overall, our results show that soils can suffer further deterioration several years after deforestation. In order to restore soil health in these degraded lands, we need to keep on investigating the physical, chemical and biological mechanisms responsible for this deterioration.Highlights
Land‐use change affected soil microbiological and physicochemical parameters.
Microbiological parameters seemed to stabilize after continuous agriculture.
Soil organic C, total N and fine particles were still reduced after long‐term cultivation.
Microbiological parameters were mostly associated with C‐to‐nutrient ratios and labile C.
Drought conditions may have affected microbial response to land‐use change.
Mutational and structural analysis of an ancestral fungal dye‐decolorizing peroxidase
Authors: Zitare Ulises A. , Habib Mohamed H. , Rozeboom Henriette , Mascotti Maria L. , Todorovic Smilja , Fraaije Marco W. 
Published: December 2020

Dye‐decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) constitute a superfamily of heme‐containing peroxidases that are related neither to animal nor to plant peroxidase families. These are divided into four classes (types A, B, C, and D) based on sequence features. The active site of DyPs contains two highly conserved distal ligands, an aspartate and an arginine, the roles of which are still controversial. These ligands have mainly been studied in class A‐C bacterial DyPs, largely because no effective recombinant expression systems have been developed for the fungal (D‐type) DyPs. In this work, we employ ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) to resurrect a D‐type DyP ancestor, AncDyPD‐b1. Expression of AncDyPD‐b1 in Escherichia coli results in large amounts of a heme‐containing soluble protein and allows for the first mutagenesis study on the two distal ligands of a fungal DyP. UV‐Vis and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopic analyses, in combination with steady‐state kinetics and the crystal structure, reveal fine pH‐dependent details about the heme active site structure and show that both the aspartate (D222) and the arginine (R390) are crucial for hydrogen peroxide reduction. Moreover, the data indicate that these two residues play important but mechanistically different roles on the intraprotein long‐range electron transfer process.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession number 7ANV.
Clinical epidemiology and outcome of HIV‐associated talaromycosis in Guangdong, China, during 2011–2017
Authors: Ying RS , Le T , Cai WP , Li YR , Luo CB , Cao Y , Wen CY , Wang SG , Ou X , Chen WS , Chen SZ , Guo PL , Chen M , Guo Y , Tang XP , Li LH 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTalaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic to Southeast Asia. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic factors of HIV‐associated talaromycosis in Guangdong, China.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated HIV patients hospitalized with histopathology‐ or culture‐confirmed talaromycosis between 2011 and 2017. Factors associated with poor prognosis were identified using logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 1079 patients with HIV‐associated talaromycosis were evaluated. Both the number and prevalence of talaromycosis among HIV admissions increased from 125 and 15.7% in 2011 to 253 and 18.8% in 2017, respectively, reflecting the increase in HIV admissions. Annual admissions peaked during the rainy season between March and August. Common clinical manifestations included fever (85.6%), peripheral lymphadenopathy (72.3%), respiratory symptoms (60.8%), weight loss (49.8%), skin lesions (44.5%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (44.3%). Common laboratory abnormalities were hypoalbuminaemia (98.6%), anaemia (95.6%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase level (AST) (76.9%), elevated alkaline phosphatase level (55.8%) and thrombocytopenia (53.7%). The median CD4 count was 9 cells/μL. Talaromyces marneffei was isolated from blood and bone marrow cultures of 66.6% and 74.5% of patients, respectively. The rate increased to 86.6% when both cultures were performed concurrently. At discharge, 14% of patients showed worsening conditions or died. Leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, elevated AST, total bilirubin, creatinine and azole monotherapy independently predicted poor prognosis.ConclusionsThe incidence of HIV‐associated talaromycosis has increased in Guangdong with the high HIV burden in China. Skin lesions were seen in less than half of patients. Induction therapy with azole alone is associated with higher mortality. Findings from this study should help to improve treatment of the disease.
Using longitudinally sampled viral nucleotide sequences to characterize the drivers of HIV‐1 transmission
Authors: Reichmuth ML , Chaudron SE , Bachmann N , Nguyen H , Böni J , Metzner KJ , Perreau M , Klimkait T , Yerly S , Hirsch HH , Hauser C , Ramette A , Vernazza P , Cavassini M , Bernasconi E , Günthard HF , Kusejko K , Kouyos RD ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesUnderstanding the drivers of HIV‐1 transmission is of importance for curbing the ongoing epidemic. Phylogenetic methods based on single viral sequences allow us to assess whether two individuals are part of the same viral outbreak, but cannot on their own assess who potentially transmitted the virus. We developed and assessed a molecular epidemiology method with the main aim to screen cohort studies for and to characterize individuals who are ‘potential HIV‐1 transmitters’, in order to understand the drivers of HIV‐1 transmission.MethodsWe developed and validated a molecular epidemiology approach using longitudinally sampled viral Sanger sequences to characterize potential HIV‐1 transmitters in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.ResultsOur method was able to identify 279 potential HIV‐1 transmitters and allowed us to determine the main epidemiological and virological drivers of transmission. We found that the directionality of transmission was consistent with infection times for 72.9% of 85 potential HIV‐1 transmissions with accurate infection date estimates. Being a potential HIV‐1 transmitter was associated with risk factors including viral load [adjusted odds ratiomultivariable (95% confidence interval): 1.86 (1.49–2.32)], syphilis coinfection [1.52 (1.06–2.19)], and recreational drug use [1.45 (1.06–1.98)]. By contrast for the potential HIV‐1 recipients, this association was weaker or even absent [1.18 (0.82–1.72), 0.89 (0.52–1.55) and 1.53 (0.98–2.39), respectively], indicating that inferred directionality of transmission is useful at the population level.ConclusionsOur results indicate that longitudinally sampled Sanger sequences do not provide sufficient information to identify transmitters with high certainty at the individual level, but that they allow the drivers of transmission at the population level to be characterized.
All Welcome Here? Attitudes towards Muslim Migrants in Europe
Authors: Gusciute Egle , Mühlau Peter , Layte Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIslam is becoming an increasingly prevalent religion in Europe due to large inflows of Muslims over the last few decades. Previous social survey research suggests that the European public is critical of immigration from Muslim countries with concerns relating to integration and security. Using the 7th round of the European Social Survey and linking it to other data sources, this paper examines whether threat hypotheses can explain anti‐Muslim sentiment in Europe. The study finds that opposition to Muslims is significantly higher than opposition to migrants in general, particularly in Eastern and Central Europe. The threat hypothesis is not supported on a country level as counties with higher “stock” of Muslim population and higher number of Islamic terrorist attacks are more welcoming towards further Muslim immigration. Furthermore, the study finds that women are more opposed to Muslim immigration than men. The wider implications of these findings and alternative explanations are discussed.
Prices of combination medicines and single‐molecule antihypertensive medicines in India's private health care sector
Authors: Negi Sagri , Neupane Dinesh , Sahoo Swagata Kumar , Mahajan Tanushree , Swaroop Kishan , Moran Andrew E. , Sharma Bhawna , Pathni Anupam Khungar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMore than half of patients with hypertension require two or more medicines to control blood pressure. Combinations of anti‐hypertensive medicines are available as Single Pill Combinations (SPCs) or Single Agent Pills (SAPs). SPCs of two or more anti‐hypertensive medicines facilitate simpler dosing schedules, decrease pill burden, increase adherence to medicine, and simplify procurement and distribution. Despite this, equivalent combinations of separate pills (SAPs) are often prescribed instead of SPCs under the assumption that SAPs are priced lower. This study compared prices of anti‐hypertensive SPCs and equivalent SAPs in the private health care sector of India. High sales volume anti‐hypertensive SPCs and SAPs were selected from 2018 private sector pharmaceutical sales data. SPCs and SAPs price information was collected from online pharmacy websites between November 2019 and January 2020. Anti‐hypertensive SPCs represent approximately 39.1% of India's private sector anti‐hypertensive drug market. Multiple manufacturers produce the same top‐selling SPCs, suggesting a viable and competitive market. A comparison of SPCs and SAPs across different manufacturers showed that the lowest prices of both SPCs and the sum of component SAPs were nearly identical across different manufacturers. An analysis of dual‐drug SPCs and SAPs by the same manufacturer showed that most manufacturers (five of six) had priced their SPCs higher than SAPs. These observations suggest that the price of SPCs could be lowered to match the combined price of the component SAPs, and manufacturing costs and market forces do not present a barrier to the implementation of anti‐hypertensive SPCs.
N‐[2‐(4‐benzoyl‐1‐piperazinyl)phenyl]‐2‐(4‐chlorophenoxy) acetamide is a novel inhibitor of resorptive bone loss in mice
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Cho Eunjin , Ding Mina , Seong Jihyoun , Che Xiangguo , Lee Sunwoo , Park Byung‐Ju , Choi Je‐Yong , Lee Tae‐Hoon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe dynamic balance between bone formation and bone resorption is vital for the retention of bone mass. The abnormal activation of osteoclasts, unique cells that degrade the bone matrix, may result in many bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, a bone metabolism disease, occurs when extreme osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption outstrips osteoblast‐related bone synthesis. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify agents that can regulate the activity of osteoclasts and prevent bone loss‐induced bone diseases. In this study, we found that N‐[2‐(4‐benzoyl‐1‐piperazinyl)phenyl]‐2‐(4‐chlorophenoxy) acetamide (PPOAC‐Bz) exerted a strong inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis. PPOAC‐Bz altered the mRNA expressions of several osteoclast‐specific marker genes and blocked the formation of mature osteoclasts, suppressing F‐actin belt formation and bone resorption activity in vitro. In addition, PPOAC‐Bz prevented OVX‐induced bone loss in vivo. These findings highlighted the potential of PPOAC‐Bz as a prospective drug for the treatment of osteolytic disorders.
An observational study of emotion regulation in children with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Hagstrøm Julie , Spang Katrine S. , Vangkilde Signe , Maigaard Katrine , Skov Liselotte , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Plessen Kerstin Jessica 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundExplosive outbursts occur in 25%–70% of children with Tourette syndrome (TS) and may cause more distress than the tics themselves. Previous studies have indicated that a comorbid diagnosis of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotional dysregulation in TS; however, this relationship has almost exclusively been studied using parent‐reported questionnaires.MethodsWe examined emotion regulation (ER) with an observational measure in 150 medication‐naïve children aged 7–12 allocated to four groups: Forty‐nine children with TS, 23 children with ADHD, 16 children with TS + ADHD, and 62 typically developing controls. We assessed participants’ ER ability, as well as parent–child interactions in the context of a complex puzzle task, and coded the observed behavior with the Tangram Emotion Coding Manual (TEC‐M). We examined group differences in ER, as well as associations between ER and severity of symptoms pertaining to TS and ADHD.ResultsChildren with TS did not differ from controls in their ER ability. However, children with ADHD and TS + ADHD had more problems with ER than those with TS only and controls. Finally, parents of children with ADHD displayed more tension during the experimental task. ER ability was not associated with tic severity nor premonitory urges; however, better ER ability was associated with less severe symptoms of ADHD.ConclusionsThis study is the first to evaluate ER with an observational, clinician‐rated measure in a controlled social setting in children with TS. Our findings support earlier questionnaire‐based studies by showing impaired ER in children with TS + ADHD, but not in children with TS without comorbidity. These findings inform our understanding of the phenomenology of emotional dysregulation in TS and the role of comorbid disorders.
Sharing the value‐at‐risk under distributional ambiguity
Authors: Chen Zhi , Xie Weijun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of risk sharing, where a coalition of homogeneous agents, each bearing a random cost, aggregates their costs, and shares the value‐at‐risk of such a risky position. Due to limited distributional information in practice, the joint distribution of agents' random costs is difficult to acquire. The coalition, being aware of the distributional ambiguity, thus evaluates the worst‐case value‐at‐risk within a commonly agreed ambiguity set of the possible joint distributions. Through the lens of cooperative game theory, we show that this coalitional worst‐case value‐at‐risk is subadditive for the popular ambiguity sets in the distributionally robust optimization literature that are based on (i) convex moments or (ii) Wasserstein distance to some reference distributions. In addition, we propose easy‐to‐compute core allocation schemes to share the worst‐case value‐at‐risk. Our results can be readily extended to sharing the worst‐case conditional value‐at‐risk under distributional ambiguity.
The Effect of Administrative Burden on Farmers’ Perceptions of Cross‐Compliance‐Based Direct Payment Policy
Authors: Mack Gabriele , Ritzel Christian , Heitkämper Katja , El Benni Nadja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we test the hypothesis that farmers’ experienced administrative burden affects their policy perceptions. Based on survey data from 808 randomly chosen Swiss farmers, a latent class approach is used to depict the heterogeneity of farmers' policy perceptions. We find that 20 percent of farmers are grumpy with the current direct payment policy, 23 percent are supporters, and 57 percent are indifferent, meaning that the latter group of farmers neither agree nor disagree with the direct payment policy. Regression results indicate that the higher the perceived administrative burden, the higher the probability of belonging to the grumpy class of farmers. Additionally, our results show that grumpy farmers have less social exchange than their peers and exhibit lower environmental awareness. Our findings show that the bureaucracy involved in agricultural policy matters not only because it increases private and public administrative costs but also because it negatively shapes farmers' view of agricultural policy.
Diversifying the bench: Applying social cognitive theories to enhance judicial diversity
Authors: Carroll Ellen M. , Walker Tammi D. , Croft Alyssa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhite men remain overrepresented in the American judiciary (i.e., the bench) despite increasing demographic diversity among law students and lawyers. Augmenting efforts to tackle systemic barriers, a social cognitive process model integrating Goal Congruity and Cultural Mismatch Theories to partially explain why women, first‐generation, and underrepresented racial minority (URM) lawyers are less likely to pursue and thrive in judicial roles was proposed. The unexplored misalignment between the goals and values typically endorsed by eligible underrepresented judicial candidates and their perceptions of judgeship was addressed. Specifically, women, first‐generation, and URMs tend to endorse primarily communal/interdependent goals and values, while judgeship is viewed as a stereotypically agentic/independent profession. Thus, judicial diversity could be enhanced by (1) highlighting role attributes that are aligned with communal/interdependent values and (2) increasing appreciation for existing judicial communality/interdependence. It was concluded by providing hypothesized interventions to target key psychological mechanisms along the “leaky pipeline” to the judiciary.
Ritual Purity in Daily Life after 70 CE: The Chalk Vessel Assemblage from Shuʿafat as a Test Case
Authors: Adler Yonatan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chalk vessels became common at Jewish sites throughout the Southern Levant beginning in the late first century BCE, apparently because Jews considered stone to be impervious to ritual impurity. It is commonly thought that a drastic decline in the phenomenon occurred after 70 CE as a direct result of the temple’s destruction—on the assumption that the central motivation for Jews’ observance of the purity regulations was the temple cult. These notions are reconsidered here in light of an impressive assemblage of chalk vessels recently unearthed at Shuʿafat, occupied during the brief 70–132 CE interwar period. The character of this assemblage, presented here preliminarily, suggests that both use and production of chalk vessels continued unabated for decades after 70 CE, contradicting the notion that the chalk vessel industry was reliant on a functioning temple and that observance of the purity laws was inexorably linked with the Jerusalem cult.
Belarus at a Crossroads
Authors: Abadjian Vahram 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article analyses the critical aspects of recent developments in Belarus and the deeply rooted causes that led to the current unprecedented political crisis. It gives a thorough consideration to the negative aspects of non-observation by the osce/odihr of the 9 August presidential election. Furthermore, the article examines the preconditions of a national dialogue, and suggests an agenda and a roadmap as a way out of the crisis, placing a special emphasis on the osce’s possible mediation role. In conclusion, the article comes up with the idea of Belarus’s neutral status as a legal and political framework to guarantee the country’s stability and democratic progress.