bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic species interaction drives selection for sex in a predator–prey system
Authors: Koch Hanna R. , Wagner Sophia , Becks Lutz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction has long challenged biologists as the majority of species reproduce sexually despite inherent costs. Providing a general explanation for the evolutionary success of sex has thus proven difficult and resulted in numerous hypotheses. A leading hypothesis suggests that antagonistic species interaction can generate conditions selecting for increased sex due to the production of rare or novel genotypes that are beneficial for rapid adaptation to recurrent environmental change brought on by antagonism. To test this ecology‐based hypothesis, we conducted experimental evolution in a predator (rotifer)–prey (algal) system by using continuous cultures to track predator–prey dynamics and in situ rates of sex in the prey over time and within replicated experimental populations. Overall, we found that predator‐mediated fluctuating selection for competitive versus defended prey resulted in higher rates of genetic mixing in the prey. More specifically, our results showed that fluctuating population sizes of predator and prey, coupled with a trade‐off in the prey, drove the sort of recurrent environmental change that could provide a benefit to sex in the prey, despite inherent costs. We end with a discussion of potential population genetic mechanisms underlying increased selection for sex in this system, based on our application of a general theoretical framework for measuring the effects of sex over time, and interpreting how these effects can lead to inferences about the conditions selecting for or against sexual reproduction in a system with antagonistic species interaction.
Ustekinumab for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease at a tertiary children's hospital in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Ichiro , Arai Katsuhiro , Kyodo Reiko , Sato Takuro , Tokita Kazuhide , Hirano Yuri , Shimizu Hirotaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimUstekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody targeting the p40 subunit of both interleukin‐12 and interleukin‐23 with reported efficacy to treat Crohn's disease. However, few studies have reported the use of ustekinumab for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsMedical records of patients aged under 20 years with Crohn's disease or Crohn's disease‐like inflammatory bowel disease who had received ustekinumab at a Japanese pediatric inflammatory bowel disease center were retrospectively reviewed for efficacy and safety. The primary outcome was the steroid‐free clinical remission rate at weeks 26 and 52. The steroid‐free remission rate beyond week 52 was also evaluated. Weighted pediatric Crohn's disease activity index and simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease were used to assess disease activity.ResultsSeventeen patients were included (male : female = 8:9, A1a [diagnosed < 10 years old]:A1b [diagnosed ≥ 10 years old] = 8:9). All patients were on ustekinumab at week 26, and 9/10 continued treatment over 1 year. The steroid‐free clinical remission rates were 59% at week 26, 50% at week 52, and 70% over 1 year. Three of eight children who underwent endoscopy after ustekinumab introduction achieved endoscopic remission. No serious adverse events were recorded during the study period.ConclusionsUstekinumab may be an effective and safe treatment option for pediatric and adolescent Crohn's disease and Crohn's disease‐like inflammatory bowel disease patients having nonresponse or adverse reactions to anti‐tumor necrosis factor agents.
Receptor‐like kinases MDS1 and MDS2 promote SUMM2‐mediated immunity
Authors: Liu Yanan , Zhong Xionghui , Zhang Zhibin , Lan Jiameng , Huang Xingchuan , Tian Hainan , Li Xin , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: June 2020

SummaryDisruption of the MEKK1‐MKK1/MKK2‐MPK4 kinase cascade leads to activation of immunity mediated by the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor SUMM2, which monitors the phosphorylation status of CRCK3. Here we report that two receptor‐like kinases (RLKs), MDS1, and MDS2, function redundantly to promote SUMM2‐mediated immunity. Activation of SUMM2‐mediated immunity is dependent on MDS1, and to a less extent on MDS2. MDS1 associates with CRCK3 in planta and can phosphorylate CRCK3 in vitro, suggesting that it may target CRCK3 to positively regulate SUMM2‐mediated signaling. Our finding highlights a new defense mechanism where RLKs promote NLR‐mediated immunity.
Diverse GABAergic neurons organize into subtype‐specific sublaminae in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Sabbagh Ubadah , Govindaiah Gubbi , Somaiya Rachana D. , Ha Ryan V. , Wei Jessica C. , Guido William , Fox Michael A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the visual system, retinal axons convey visual information from the outside world to dozens of distinct retinorecipient brain regions and organize that information at several levels, including either at the level of retinal afferents, cytoarchitecture of intrinsic retinorecipient neurons, or a combination of the two. Two major retinorecipient nuclei which are densely innervated by retinal axons are the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, which is important for classical image‐forming vision, and ventral LGN (vLGN), which is associated with non‐image‐forming vision. The neurochemistry, cytoarchitecture, and retinothalamic connectivity in vLGN remain unresolved, raising fundamental questions of how it receives and processes visual information. To shed light on these important questions, used in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and genetic reporter lines to identify and characterize novel neuronal cell types in mouse vLGN. Not only were a high percentage of these cells GABAergic, we discovered transcriptomically distinct GABAergic cell types reside in the two major laminae of vLGN, the retinorecipient, external vLGN (vLGNe) and the non‐retinorecipient, internal vLGN (vLGNi). Furthermore, within vLGNe, we identified transcriptionally distinct subtypes of GABAergic cells that are distributed into four adjacent sublaminae. Using trans‐synaptic viral tracing and in vitro electrophysiology, we found cells in each these vLGNe sublaminae receive monosynaptic inputs from retina. These results not only identify novel subtypes of GABAergic cells in vLGN, they suggest the subtype‐specific laminar distribution of retinorecipient cells in vLGNe may be important for receiving, processing, and transmitting light‐derived signals in parallel channels of the subcortical visual system.
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Quality‐of‐life as chronotopefication and futurization: Subsistence consumer experiences in India
Authors: Jagadale Sujit Raghunathrao , Roy‐Chaudhuri Himadri , Kadirov Djavlonbek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the poverty‐ridden settings in neo‐liberal India, we explore how subsistence consumers construct their quality‐of‐life (QOL). Drawing on the concepts of chronotope and futurization, we posit two additional dimensions of subsistence consumers' construction of QOL namely, chronotopefication and futurization. Our findings suggest that chronotopefication and futurization are defining processes of subsistence consumers' construction of QOL perceptions; their sacrifices, efforts, and costs, however painful they may be, would be perceived as QOL enhancing from the prism of chronotopefication and futurization; and subsistence consumers chronotopize and futurize QOL for the whole extended household within the intergenerational temporal space by focusing on stable input–outcome pathways. Based on the evidence, we propose QOL as chronotopefication and futurization framework (QOL‐CFF). The framework suggests that subsistence consumers construct QOL as chronotope building, futurized and having a symbolic effect. They consider current agonies as a foundation for future building.
The aftermath of COVID‐19 in dermatology practice: What's next?
Authors: Ng Janice Natasha , Cembrano Kathryn Anne G. , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Manuskiatti Woraphong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe rapidly increasing number of COVID‐19‐infected patients and evidence of human‐to‐human transmission even within the asymptomatic incubation period prompted the attention of the entire world. The field of dermatology and procedural dermatology is not exempt from this global issue. We cannot deny the fact that this situation will have a lasting impact on the health‐seeking behaviors of our patients. It is necessary for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons to be aware of the potential risks and precautions when re‐emerging their practices after COVID‐19.
Why we should be avoiding periorificial mimetic muscles when injecting tissue fillers
Authors: Goodman Greg J. , Al‐Niaimi Firas , McDonald Cara , Ciconte Antoinette , Porter Catherine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTissue fillers are generally safe and well tolerated by patients. However, complications do occur and may be very severe, such as intravascular injection (with occasional residual tissue loss, visual and neurological sequelae) and late nodularity and swelling. Methods to lessen the likelihood of complications have been the subject of much recent literature. Depth of injection has been identified as a key safety consideration.Patients/MethodsThe role of injection of facial filler into the muscular layer of the face is explored in this article. Literature was explored using available search facilities to study the role of injections in or around this layer in the production of significant adverse reactions.ResultsA body of literature seems to suggest that injection into mimetic musculature of the face especially the musculature in the periorbital and perioral regions is prone to adverse reactions.ConclusionsInjection of agents into the perioral and periorbital mimetic muscular layer may produce, product clumping, displacement, and tendency to late nodularity and swelling. It also risks intravascular injection as compared to injection of other layers of the face. Injection into the mimetic muscles especially the sphincteric muscles should be avoided to minimize the risk of complications.
Partnership between Nurse Navigators and adult persons living with complex chronic disease—An exploratory study
Authors: Coyne Elisabeth , Carlini Joan , Doherty Tracey , Harlow Warren , Mitchell Marion L , Grealish Laurie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore nurse navigators and consumers’ experience of partnership.BackgroundThe nurse navigator has recently emerged as an advanced practice role in the care of persons with complex and chronic disease states. Self‐care is an important principle in chronic disease models of care, requiring healthcare practitioners to partner with clients in their care. How nurse navigators and consumers [clients and family] experience partnership has not been explored.DesignAn interpretive exploratory qualitative approach was used. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven nurse navigators working with adults with complex disease states and eleven of their clients. Interviews were analysed using descriptive content analysis. (COREQ checklist Data S1).ResultsFive themes about partnership emerged. Three themes from nurse navigators were as follows: establishing and sustaining relationships, nurse‐led planning and aligning care with clients’ needs. The two consumer themes were as follows: regular contact means access to the health system and nurse presence is valued. The secondary analysis revealed two themes about partnership between the nurse and consumer: establishing relationships require nursing effort to be established and partnerships are person‐focused and nurse‐led.ConclusionsPartnership begins with a relationship, largely driven by the nurse navigator through regular communication and personal contact that was valued by consumers. The nurse‐led partnership reduced opportunities for consumers to learn to manage their treatments, particularly how and when to access services, meaning that self‐care may not be fully achieved. Client navigation occurs over long periods, which could lead to the navigators being overwhelmed, raising an issue of sustainability.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse navigators establish a client relationship as a foundation for partnership. This partnership needs a focus on promoting client self‐care, self‐management of treatment, including when and how to access available services, to ensure the sustainability of the nurse navigator model of care.
Clinical update onCOVID‐19 in pregnancy: A review article
Authors: Ryan Gillian A. , Purandare Nikhil C. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Hod Moshe , Purandare Chittaranjan N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe data pertaining to the COVID‐19 pandemic has been rapidly evolving since the first confirmed case in December 2019. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current data in relation to COVID‐19 and its effect on pregnant women, including symptoms, disease severity and the risk of vertical transmission. We also review the recommended management of pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 and the various pharmacological agents that are being investigated and may have a role in the treatment of this disease. At present, it does not appear that pregnant women are at increased risk of severe infection than the general population, although there are vulnerable groups within both the pregnant and nonpregnant populations, and clinicians should be cognizant of these high‐risk groups and manage them accordingly. Approximately 85% of women will experience mild disease, 10% more severe disease and 5% critical disease. The most common reported symptoms are fever, cough, shortness of breath and diarrhea. Neither vaginal delivery nor cesarean section confers additional risks, and there is minimal risk of vertical transmission to the neonate from either mode of delivery. We acknowledge that the true effect of the virus on both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality will only be evident over time. We also discuss the impact of social isolation can have on the mental health and well‐being of both patients and colleagues, and as clinicians, we must be mindful of this and offer support as necessary.
Anti‐envelope antibody responses in highly exposed seronegative individuals may be associated with protection from HCV infection
Authors: Mina Michael , Underwood Alexander , Eltahla Auda , Wu Bing‐Ru , Walker Melanie R. , Bull Rowena A. , Lloyd Andrew R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn rare cases, individuals with a history of long‐term injecting drug use remain seronegative and aviraemic, despite prolonged and likely repeated exposure to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) through high‐risk behaviour. We describe anti‐HCV Envelope (E) antibody responses in a prospective cohort of carefully defined highly exposed but uninfected subjects (HESN) and comparison subjects who were also high risk and uninfected, but rapidly became HCV infected (Incident). Longitudinally collected samples from HESN cases (n = 22) were compared to Incident controls (n = 22). IgG, IgM and IgA from sera were tested by ELISA to genotype 1a and 3a E glycoproteins, and recombinant genotype 1a E2 antigen. IgG subclass isotyping was performed for those positive for IgG. Virus‐neutralizing activity was assessed on HCV pseudoparticles, and HCV E–specific B cells analysed using flow cytometry. A significant minority of HESN cases (n = 10; 45%) had anti‐E, predominantly in the IgG2 subclass, which was not found in the pre‐infection time point of the Incident cases (n = 1; 5%). A subset of the HESN subjects also had neutralizing activity and HCV‐specific B cells detected significantly more than Incident cases pre‐infection. In conclusion, the HESN phenotype is associated with IgG2 anti‐E antibodies, neutralization activity and HCV E–specific memory B cells. These findings suggest that HESN subjects may be resistant to HCV infection through humoral immune‐mediated mechanisms.
Altered faecal microbiota on the expression of Th cells responses in the exacerbation of patients with hepatitis E infection
Authors: Wu Jian , Huang Fen , Ling Zongxin , Liu Shuangchun , Liu Jun , Fan Jun , Yu Jiong , Wang Wei , Jin Xiuyuan , Meng Yiling , Cao Hongcui , Li Lanjuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFulminant hepatitis E may lead to acute liver failure (ALF). Perturbations of intestinal microbiota are related to severe liver disease. To study the correlations between faecal microbiota and the occurrence and exacerbation of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, we characterized 24 faecal samples from 12 patients with acute hepatitis E (AHE) and 12 patients with HEV‐ALF using high‐throughput sequencing. We found both the alpha and beta diversity indices showed no significant differences between the AHE and HEV‐ALF groups. Several predominant taxa were significantly different between the AHE and HEV‐ALF groups. Most notably, the HEV‐ALF group had increased levels of Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Xanthomonadceae and Stenotrophomonas, but reduced levels of Firmicutes, Streptococcus, Subdoligranulum and Lactobacillus, compared with the AHE group. The levels of Lactobacillaceae and Gammaproteobacteria could be used to distinguish patients with HEV‐ALF from those with AHE. In addition, the level of Th lymphocytes was significantly lower in the HEV‐ALF group than in the AHE group. The relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae and Gammaproteobacteria were positively correlated with Th lymphocytes, serum international normalized ratio (INR) and hepatic encephalopathy severity. Moreover, surviving patients had higher levels of Lactobacillus mucosae than deceased patients. Our study demonstrated that the presence of altered faecal microbiota is associated with exacerbation of HEV infection; this finding may be useful for exploring the interactions among faecal microbiota, immune responses, mechanisms of infection and progression in patients with HEV, as well as for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder risk factors in children: Analysis of a 23‐year single‐institutional experience
Authors: Bosse Raphael C. , Franke Aaron J. , Paul Skelton William , Woody Lindsey E. , Bishnoi Rohit , Wang Yu , Bhaduri‐McIntosh Sumita , Rajderkar Dhanashree , Shih Renata , Dang Nam H. , Slayton William B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPTLD is the most frequent malignancy following SOT in children and the second most common SOT complication in adults. However, factors determining outcomes in children are poorly understood due to its relative rarity.MethodsThis study was performed at the University of Florida. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify prognostic factors in pediatric patients diagnosed with PTLD.ResultsWe reviewed records of 54 pediatric (younger than 18 years old at diagnosis) patients diagnosed with PTLD from 1994 to 2017. The median follow‐up was 28.8 months. The estimated 5‐year survival rate was 87.6% (95% CI 74.3‐94.2%). Univariate analysis showed that organ transplanted (specifically heart transplant), poor response to initial treatment, allograft rejection, and low Karnofsky score were statistically significant for negative prognostic factors in determining survival. Multivariate analysis determined progression in response to initial treatment and presence of allograft rejection as statistically significant prognostic factors affecting overall survival. We found no statistically significant impact of EBV serological status on PTLD prognosis.ConclusionsDisease progression and allograft rejection were strong negative prognostic indicators in our study cohort. Close attention to graft status and development of therapies that protect the graft from rejection while bolstering anti‐EBV immunity will be essential to further improving PTLD outcomes in children.
Telephone health coaching with exercise monitoring using wearable activity trackers (TeGeCoach) for improving walking impairment in peripheral artery disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation
Authors: Rezvani Farhad , Heider Dirk , Härter Martin , König Hans-Helmut , Bienert Frank , Brinkmann Julia , Herbarth Lutz , Kramer Edith , Steinisch Patrick , Freudenstein Frank , Terhalle René , Grosse Yvonne , Bock Susanne , Posselt Jacqueline , Beutel Corinna , Reif Franziska , Kirchhoff Florian , Neuschwander Carolin , Löffler Franziska , Brunner Lisa , Dickmeis Patrick , Heidenthal Thomas , Schmitz Lara , Chase Daniela Patricia , Seelenmeyer Claudia , Alscher Mark Dominik , Tegtbur Uwe , Dirmaier Jörg 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease worldwide, with smoking and diabetes being the strongest risk factors. The most prominent symptom is leg pain while walking, known as intermittent claudication. To improve mobility, first-line treatment for intermittent claudication is supervised exercise programmes, but these remain largely unavailable and economically impractical, which has led to the development of structured home-based exercise programmes. This trial aims to determine the effectiveness and cost advantage of TeGeCoach, a 12-month long home-based exercise programme, compared with usual care of PAD. It is hypothesised that TeGeCoach improves walking impairment and lowers the need of health care resources that are spent on patients with PAD.Methods and analysisThe investigators conduct a prospective, pragmatic randomised controlled clinical trial in a health insurance setting. 1760 patients diagnosed with PAD at Fontaine stage II are randomly assigned to either TeGeCoach or care-as-usual. TeGeCoach consists of telemonitored intermittent walking exercise with medical supervision by a physician and telephone health coaching. Participants allocated to the usual care group receive information leaflets and can access supervised exercise programmes, physical therapy and a variety of programmes for promoting a healthy lifestyle. The primary outcome is patient reported walking ability based on the Walking Impairment Questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures include quality of life, health literacy and health behaviour. Claims data are used to collect total health care costs, healthcare resource use and (severe) adverse events. Outcomes are measured at baseline, 12 and 24 months.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Medical Association Hamburg. Findings are disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, reports to the funding body, conference presentations and media press releases. Data from this trial are made available to the public and researchers upon reasonable request.NCT03496948 (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Pre-results.