bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Enhancement on Vertically Aligned MoS2 by Synergistic Addition of Silver and Palladium
Authors: Gerlitz Itai , Fiegenbaum‐Raz Mor , Bar‐Sadan Maya , Cohen Hagai , Ismach Ariel , Rosen Brian A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHybrid electrodes containing MoS2 with metals active for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are highly desirable as they can provide a cost‐effective and active route for producing hydrogen. It is well known that the technique used to facilitate such hybrid formation plays a critical role in the activity and stability of the electrode. Here we utilized a novel method for hybridization based on electron‐beam deposition of Ag, Pd, and Mo to make precursor films which, upon sulfurization, formed hybrid electrodes based on vertically aligned molybdenum disulfide (VA‐MoS2). We further modified the surface of these electrodes by exploiting galvanic replacement of palladium. Surprisingly, both hybridization techniques showed a synergistic effect between Pd and Ag, and enhanced activity was enabled by the presence of both metals. XPS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FIB‐EM were used to explore the root cause of the synergy. It appears that enhanced performance is based partially on the mutual solubility of Pd−Ag and the facile diffusion of Ag through the MoS2 film. Ag/VA‐MoS2 modified by galvanic replacement provided 10 mA/cm2 at 210 mV of overpotential and was stable for up to 4000 cycles, surpassing the stability of previously reported Pd/MoS2 hybrids, making these techniques of interest for future generations of hybrid HER electrodes based on MoS2.
Synthetically Versatile Nitrogen Acyclic Carbene Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Rúbio Guilherme M. D. M. , Keppler Bernhard K. , Chin Jia Min , Reithofer Michael R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have received significant attention as gold nanoparticle stabilizers due to their strong binding affinity towards gold. However, their tunability is limited by the difficulty in obtaining nonsymmetric NHCs. In this regard, N‐acyclic carbenes (NACs) are attractive alternatives due to their high synthetic versatility, allowing easy tuning of their steric and electronic properties towards specific applications. This work reports the first series of stable and monodisperse NAC‐functionalized gold nanoparticles. These particles with sizes ranging 3.8 to 11.6 nm were characterized using NMR, UV/Vis and TEM. The nanoparticles display good stability at elevated temperatures and for extended periods both dried or dispersed in a medium, as well as in the presence of exogenous thiols. Importantly, these NAC‐stabilized gold nanoparticles offer a promising and versatile alternative to NHC‐stabilized gold nanoparticles.
Cognitive rehabilitation program to improve cognition of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy: A 3‐arm randomized trial
Authors: Dos Santos Mélanie , Hardy‐Léger Isabelle , Rigal Olivier , Licaj Idlir , Dauchy Sarah , Levy Christelle , Noal Sabine , Segura Carine , Delcambre Corinne , Allouache Djelila , Parzy Aurélie , Barriere Jérôme , Petit Thierry , Lange Marie , Capel Aurélie , Clarisse Bénédicte , Grellard Jean Michel , Lefel Johan , Joly Florence 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThere is no treatment for cancer‐related cognitive impairment, an important adverse effect that negatively impacts quality of life (QOL). We conducted a 3‐arm randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of computer‐assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CR) on cognition, QOL, anxiety, and depression among cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.MethodsPatients who reported cognitive complaints during or after completing chemotherapy were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 12‐week CR programs: computer‐assisted CR with a neuropsychologist (experimental group A), home cognitive self‐exercises (active control group B), or phone follow‐up (active control group C). Subjective cognition was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function (FACT‐Cog), objective cognition was assessed by neuropsychological tests, QOL was assessed by the FACT‐General, and depression and anxiety were assessed by psychological tests. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with a 7‐point improvement in the FACT‐Cog perceived cognitive impairment (PCI) score.ResultsAmong the 167 enrolled patients (median age, 51 years), group A had the highest proportion of patients with a 7‐point PCI improvement (75%), followed by groups B (59%) and C (57%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .13). Compared with groups B and C, the mean difference in PCI score was significantly higher in group A (P = .02), with better perceived cognitive abilities (P < .01) and a significant improvement in working memory (P = .03). Group A reported higher QOL related to cognition (FACT‐Cog QOL) (P = .01) and improvement in depression symptoms (P = .03).ConclusionsThese results suggest a benefit of a computer‐based CR program in the management of cancer‐related cognitive impairment and complaints.
Understanding the response of mammography facilities to breast density notification
Authors: Henderson Louise M. , Marsh Mary W. , Earnhardt Kathryn , Pritchard Michael , Benefield Thad S. , Agans Robert P. , Lee Sheila S. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundState‐specific breast density notification legislation requires that women undergoing mammography be informed about breast density, with variation among states. Because mammography facilities are among the main points of contact for women undergoing mammography, research is needed to understand how facilities communicate information on breast density, cancer risk, and supplemental screening to women.MethodsA cross‐sectional, 50‐item, mailed survey of 156 American College of Radiology–certified mammography facilities in North Carolina was conducted in 2017 via the Tailored Design Method. Breast density notification practices, supplemental screening services, and patient educational materials were compared by supplemental screening availability viattests and chi‐square tests.ResultsAll responding facilities (n = 94; 60.3% response rate) notified women of their breast density in the mammography results letter. Breast cancer risk assessments were performed by 36.2% of the facilities, with risk information communicated in the final radiology report for the referring provider to discuss with the woman (79.4%) or in the results letter (58.8%). Supplemental breast cancer screening was offered by 63.8% of the facilities, with use based on multiple factors, including recommendations from the referring physician (63.3%) or reading radiologist (63.3%), breast density (48.3%), other risk factors (48.3%), and patient request (40.0%). Although 75.0% of the facilities offered breast density educational materials, only 36.6% offered educational materials on supplemental screening.ConclusionsIn a state with a breast density notification law, mammography facilities communicate breast density, cancer risk, and supplemental screening information to women through various approaches. When supplemental screening is offered, facilities use multiple decision‐making criteria rather than breast density alone.
Building a smart FNA cart: When Google meets cytology
Authors: Haghighi Mehrvash , Nair Varsha , Mashiana Simran S. , Oza Twisha , Zakowski Maureen F. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe appropriate management of a fine needle aspiration (FNA) supply cart and equipment set up is essential to ensure the smooth and optimal operation of a busy FNA clinic. We applied Lean strategies such as value stream mapping (VSM), the 5S method (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain), and Kanban to remove waste and improve patient flow in an FNA clinic.MethodsThe workflow analysis suggested that existent problems such as suboptimal inventory management and unavailability of standard operating procedures (SOPs) caused a 10% to 85% increase in total procedure time. To improve inventory management, we created a 2‐bin Kanban system. We used the “Scan to Web” app and a Google Drive form to create a cost‐effective electronic inventory management system. We distributed the essential SOPs in the format of video clips using our YouTube channel and leveraged barcode technology to access the links.ResultsUpon completion of our process improvement project, we succeeded to eliminate the stock‐out events and maintain a process cycle efficiency of 87%. The 5S audit checklist result increased from 6% to 100% implementation, which is consistent with focused improvement. The developed inventory system enabled us to track the supply usage, forecast demands, and improve the accuracy of orders.ConclusionsLean methods such as VSM, 5S, and Kanban combined with open source technologies can be implemented to ensure material availability, track inventory, and provide immediate access to SOPs on demand. The developed system also led to increased efficiency and improved flow, as well as responsiveness to changes in demand.
A radix sorting parallel algorithm suitable for graphic processing unit computing
Authors: Xiao Shi‐yang , Li Cai‐lin , Guo Bao‐yun , Xiao Han 
Published: September 2020

SummaryRadix sorting is an essential basic data processing operation in many computer fields. It has important practical significance to accelerate its performance through Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). The heterogeneous parallel computing technology attracts much attention and is widely applied for its effective computation efficiency and parallel real‐time data processing capability. Taking advantage of the parallelism of GPU in numerical computation processing, a parallelization design method of the Binary_Least Significant Digit (LSD) first Radix Sorting (B_LSD_RS) algorithm based on Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is proposed. The radix sorting algorithm is divided into multiple kernel tasks, and the kernels are sequentially controlled by the event information transfer. The parallel algorithm is implemented and verified on the GPU + CPU heterogeneous platform. The experimental results show that compared with the performance of the B_LSD_RS sequential algorithm based on AMD Ryzen5 1600X CPU, B_LSD_RS parallel algorithm based on Open Multi‐Processing (OpenMP) and B_LSD_RS parallel algorithm based on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), the B_LSD_RS parallel algorithm based on OpenCL obtained 28.86 times, 11.01 times and 2.14 times speedup in the NVIDIA GTX 1070 computing platform respectively, not only achieves high performance but also achieves performance portability among different GPU computing platforms.
Development of KASP markers for wheat greenbug resistance gene Gb5
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Li Genqiao , Bai Guihua , Bernardo Amy , Carver Brett F. , St. Amand Paul , Armstrong J. Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGreenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] is a destructive pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Incorporation of wheat greenbug resistance genes in wheat‐breeding pipelines is critical to improve wheat production. The greenbug resistance gene Gb5, originally identified in Triticum speltoides chromosome 7S and transferred to wheat chromosome 7A, confers resistance to several economically important greenbug biotypes. The T. speltoides chromosome segment carrying Gb5 was previously shortened by means of homoeologous recombination induced by the ph1b gene, which minimized linkage drag and made Gb5 a useful gene for improvement of greenbug resistance in wheat. This study characterized the shortened T. speltoides chromosome segment in PI 603919 and developed kompetitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers to facilitate its introgression in wheat breeding. A set of 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific to wheat 7AL chromosome were developed to determine the length and location of the T. speltoides chromosome segment. The T. speltoides segment in PI 603919 was estimated to be about 79.5–87.8 Mb in the Chinese Spring reference sequence IWGSC RefSeq v.1.0. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between CI 17884, which carries the original wheat‐T. speltoides 7A‐7S translocation chromosome segment, and Bainong 418 was genotyped using the genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach and evaluated for responses to greenbug biotype E. Three GBS‐derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the shortened translocation segment were converted to KASP markers. These KASP markers were evaluated for efficacy to select Gb5 in wheat breeding.
What environmental social responsibility practices do large companies manage for sustainable development?
Authors: Murillo‐Avalos Cinthia Leonora , Cubilla‐Montilla Mitzi , Celestino Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Vicente‐Galindo Purificación 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurrently, the debate on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the strategies implemented by organizations to disseminate their business actions, fuels the discussion on aspects that point to sustainable development. To show their CSR strategies, one of the mechanisms used by companies is the presentation of sustainability reports. In this work, we have modified the analysis approach traditionally used to demonstrate the characteristic factors of transparency in the field of CSR. Specifically, we focus on analyzing which indicators are the least disclosed by companies. Within this framework, the objective of this work is to analyse the practices of dissemination of environmental information based on the sustainability reports of the global reporting initiative produced by large companies, in order to establish differences and similarities in corporate social responsibility. The results obtained for a sample of 80 large companies and 67 multinational enterprises (MNEs) indicate a slight difference in the disclosure of environmental indicators. Concretely, the results reveal that 56.12% of environmental indicators are not disclosed by large companies; while, in MNEs, 51.23% of these indicators are not reported. In large companies, the greatest deficiencies in the disclosure of environmental information correspond to the categories of biodiversity, environmental grievance mechanisms, and effluents and waste. In the case of MNEs, the least disclosed categories are biodiversity, environmental grievance mechanisms, and environmental protection expenditures and investments (overall).
A real‐time PCR assay to detect predation by spiny dogfish on Atlantic cod in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Pitchford Steven C. , Smith Brian E. , McBride Richard S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConventional observations show spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthius Linnaeus) rarely eat Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus; 0.02% of stomachs) in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Critics express concern that digestion may limit species‐level prey identification, and with recovery from overfishing, dogfish populations may be suppressing cod by competition or predation. This study applied a real‐time PCR TaqMan assay to identify cod in dogfish stomachs collected by cooperating fishing boats during normal trawling operations (May 2014–May 2015; Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank). Conventional methods observed 51 different prey taxa and nearly 1,600 individual prey items, but no cod were observed. Cod DNA was detected in 31 (10.5%) of the dogfish stomachs, with a higher percentage of these from the homogenate of amorphous, well‐digested prey and stomach fluids (20 stomachs or 65%) than from discrete animal tissues (11 stomachs or 35%). Re‐examination of photographs of these 11 tissue samples revealed one whole, partially digested fish that could be recognized in hindsight as cod. Cod DNA was observed in dogfish stomachs year round: in January (1 of 1 trip), February (1 of 1), May (1 of 3), June (0 of 1), July (3 of 4), August (1 of 2), and October (3 of 3). Although these data suggest higher interaction rates between dogfish and cod than previously observed, addressing the population consequences of this predator–prey relationship requires a robust sampling design, estimates of digestion rates by dogfish to account for complete degradation of DNA sequences, and consideration for dogfish scavenging during fishing operations.
Promoting resilience of large international collaborative research programs in times of global crisis
Authors: Trogisch Stefan , Albert Georg , Du Jianqing , Wang Yanfen , Xue Kai , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe recent coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is impacting the research community worldwide with unforeseen long‐term consequences for research, doctoral training, and international collaboration. It is already clear that the immediate effects of the crisis resulting from disrupted research stays and reduced career development opportunities are being most detrimental to early‐career researchers. Based on a Sino‐German international research training group dedicated to doctoral training and biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research, we show how resilience of large collaborative research programs can be promoted in times of global crisis. We outline possible adaptations in the areas of funding, research, teaching and learning, supervision and mentoring, and international collaboration helping to reduce detrimental impact for early‐career researchers and to permanently strengthen the performance of large collaborative research groups in the postpandemic era.
Fine‐tuned responses to chemical landscapes: crayfish use predator odors to assess threats based on relative size ratios
Authors: Wood Tyler C. , Moore Paul A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe threat‐sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis suggests that prey animals should minimize the costs of antipredator behaviors by only responding to predators that pose a potentially lethal threat. Thus, prey must use risk assessment strategies to determine which predators present a great enough threat to merit a response. A rich literature demonstrates that chemical signals can communicate information about predator identity, diet, and size. However, the relationship between predator size and prey size has been largely overlooked. What remains unknown is how prey respond to odors from predators along a continuum of relative size. Here, we tested the responses of crayfish (prey) to odor cues from two species of predatory fish along a gradient of relative size relationships. Crayfish and fish were paired according to crayfish carapace width and the fish’s gape width to represent different relative size pairings. Foraging and shelter use video assays were used to evaluate changes in crayfish behavior under the different levels of threat presented. The analysis revealed significant increases in macrophyte consumption, foraging effort, and overall activity among crayfish that were small relative to their predators, independent of the absolute size of fish or crayfish size. Crayfish that were small relative to predator size showed significantly less shelter use than crayfish that were large relative to predator gape size. The results demonstrate that the crayfish are assessing threat based on their size relative to the predator gape size solely using chemical signals. As a result of this assessment, crayfish are changing their resource use to potentially grow larger to limit future predatory threats. Overall, this research supports the threat‐sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis and provides an opportunity to refine the landscape of fear concept to accommodate more detailed risk assessments by prey.
Temperature but not nutrient addition affects abundance and assemblage structure of colonizing aquatic insects
Authors: McNamara Sarah C. , Pintar Matthew R. , Resetarits William J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbiotic conditions are important considerations in the species sorting process, which ultimately determines the distribution and abundance of species. Freshwater ecosystems will be impacted by ongoing temperature rise and other anthropogenically induced changes, such as nutrient enrichment and eutrophication. Changing characteristics of freshwater habitats will likely impact organisms in numerous ways, including through effects on colonization dynamics. Species are expected to colonize habitat patches where fitness will be the highest for themselves and their offspring, and how habitat selection interacts with changing environments remains an important question. We conducted a warming experiment to test the habitat selection preferences of aquatic beetles and hemipterans between habitat patches (mesocosms) of varying temperatures (via heaters), nutrient addition, and their interaction. Overall, insect abundance and richness were higher in unheated patches, with taxon‐specific variation in response to heating. Although nutrients had limited effects on environmental conditions in mesocosms, their addition had no significant effects on insects. Insect assemblages had unique structures across heating treatments, with lower beta diversity and higher effective numbers of species in the warmest mesocosms. Our data support the importance of spatial variation in abiotic factors during the habitat selection process, and in determining species distributions and abundances as shallow lentic ecosystems are impacted by rising global temperatures.
Three‐dimensional array of strong magnetic field by using cubic permanent magnets
Authors: Nishimura Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe strong magnetic field arrays by using cubic permanent magnets are proposed as a magnetic field source. The magnets used two types of the magnetized directions: 6 and 18 directions. The array is three‐dimensional structure: cube consisting of three, five, seven, and nine cubic magnets on the side. There are two types of the structures: through‐hole and dead end in the center. For each cube magnet, the magnetic flux density of the center was calculated by the derived formulae, which are solved the area integral by the integral formulae. It is a feature that the calculations are fast. The directions in which the magnetic flux density of the z‐axis is maximized were selected, and the sum of their magnetic flux density was obtained. At the same time, each sum of the magnetic flux density of the x‐axis and y‐axis was selected to be zero. It was found that the obtained results are independent of the length of one side. Therefore, the structures can also be combined to cover the structures. Although the operating point of the magnet is not taken into account, it was able to find the arrangements of more than 2 T. It was confirmed that the array of 24 cubes was consistent with the experiment.