bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring group and individual relationship between patterns in sedentary behaviour and glucose in type 2 diabetes adults
Authors: McMillan Kathryn A , Paing Aye C , Kirk Alison F , Hewitt Allan , MacRury Sandra , Collier Andrew , Chastin Sebastien FM 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between patterns in sedentary behaviour and glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes.Thirty‐seven adults with type 2 diabetes managed with diet and/or anti‐diabetes medication (not insulin) were recruited. Participants wore an activPAL accelerometer and FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitor for continuous measurement of activity and glucose for 24 hours/day for three to 14 days while documenting sleep, food and medication. The relationship between daily patterns of sedentary behaviour and sedentary breaks with glucose was investigated using correlation analysis. Regression analysis was used to investigate these relationships at an individual level.Participants (mean age 62.8±10.5 years, BMI 29.6±6.8kg/m2) spent 64% of their day sedentary, 44.7% of sedentary bouts were 30–60 minutes in duration and mean bout duration was 47.2 minutes. No association between mean glucose and sedentary proportion (total sedentary time) was identified. Mean glucose and glucose standard deviation were positively correlated with sedentary bout duration (both p<0.05). Individual regression analysis showed increased sedentary time is associated with increased mean glucose in 25 (68%) of the participants, with a negative association being shown in 12 (32%) of the participants.In analysis of the whole group, sedentary bout duration but not sedentary proportion was associated with mean glucose and glucose variability. Individual regression analysis identified a different relationship pattern for the majority of participants. This is the first study to identify an individualised response to activity behaviour and highlights the importance of conducting individual analysis when using continuous measurement methods.
Physical background of the endurance limit in poly(ether ether ketone)
Authors: Pastukhov Leonid V. , Kanters Marc J. W. , Engels Tom A. P. , Govaert Leon E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, it is demonstrated that the apparent endurance (fatigue) limit for plasticity‐controlled failure in poly(ether ether ketone) is related to an evolution of the yield stress. The increase of the yield stress has two separate causes: (a) stress‐ and temperature‐accelerated physical aging of the amorphous phase and (b) strain hardening as a result of texture development. Yield stress evolution is monitored using thermomechanical treatments during which the material is exposed to temperature and load. The combined contributions of both temperature and applied stress to yield stress evolution (below T
g) can be effectively modeled using an effective time approach employing an Arrhenius temperature‐activation as well as Eyring stress activation. Combination of the yield stress evolution with a previously developed model for plasticity‐controlled failure allows prediction of time‐to‐failure under both static and cyclic load, quantitatively capturing the observed apparent endurance limit.
The impact of [1,2,5]chalcogenazolo[3,4‐f]‐benzo[1,2,3]triazole structure on the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers
Authors: Alkan Ecem Aydan , Goker Seza , Sarigul Hatice , Yıldırım Erol , Udum Yasemin Arslan , Toppare Levent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo novel conjugated near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing donor–acceptor type copolymers comprising benzodithiophene as the donor and [1,2,5]chalcogenazolo[3,4‐f]‐benzo[1,2,3]triazole derivatives as the acceptors, spaced with thiophene as the π‐bridge, were designed and synthesized via Stille polycondensation reaction. The effect of acceptor strength on optoelectronic properties was targeted and investigated. Branched alkyl chains (the extended 2‐octyl‐1‐dodecyl alkyl chain; C8C12) were introduced to 5H‐[1,2,3]triazolo[4′,5′:4,5]benzo[1,2‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and 5H‐[1,2,3]triazolo[4′,5′:4,5]benzo[1,2‐c][1,2,5]selenadiazole for enhanced solubility of polymers which ease the processability hence device constructions. The strongly electron‐withdrawing units lead to a substantial change in the absorption properties via promotion of the intramolecular charge transfer band alongside the π–π* transition. The resultant soluble polymers were characterized via cyclic voltammetry to determine highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels as −5.00 and −3.92 eV for PSBT and −4.86 and −4.04 eV for PSeBT, respectively. Electronic band gaps of the copolymers were calculated as 1.08 eV for PSBT and 0.82 eV for PSeBT, respectively. NIR absorbing copolymers were used to construct electrochromic devices.
Understanding and information needs of cancer patients regarding treatment‐focused genomic testing: A systematic review
Authors: Wolyniec Kamil , Sharp Jessica , Lazarakis Smaro , Mileshkin Linda , Schofield Penelope 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review literature exploring experiences of cancer patients regarding their understanding of treatment‐focused genomic testing as well as their information needs and related themes.MethodsSix databases were searched for the original studies published in English language that explored patients' understanding of the information related to the genomic testing and its implications for treatment of cancer. The Mixed‐Method Assessement Tool was used to examine the methodological quality of selected articles.ResultsThere were 14 studies (5 qualitative and 9 quantitative) that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of studies revealed that a considerable proportion of cancer patients lacked good undertstanding of treatment‐focused genomic testing and wanted to be better informed. Some of the factors associated with poor knowledge about genomic testing were low education, older age, low income, and unemployment.The majority of people with cancer preferred face‐to‐face communication with their oncologists to discuss and ask questions about genomic testing and treatment. Most also wanted to receive simple, easy to understand written information about treatment‐focused genomic testing.ConclusionsGenomic testing and its implications for treatment emerge as an important aspect of health care across different types of cancer. The evidence indicates that cancer patients want to understand and be well informed about treatment‐focused genomic testing in order to be part of decision‐making process. Further studies addressing ways to improve cancer patients' understanding and knowledge of genomic testing are needed.
The dependence of mountain wave reflection on the abruptness of atmospheric profile variations
Authors: Teixeira M. A. C. , Argaín J. L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is known from geometric optics that a change in refractive index is potentially reflective if it occurs over scales much smaller than the wavelength of the incident waves. The limitations of this assumption for hydrostatic orographic gravity waves are tested here using linear theory and a method recently developed by the authors to evaluate the reflection coefficient, based on the wave drag. Two atmospheric profiles optimally suited to this method are adopted, the first with piecewise constant static stability (representative of a tropopause), and the second with constant wind speed near the surface, and a linearly decreasing wind aloft below a critical level (relevant to downslope windstorms). Both profiles consist of two atmospheric layers separated by a transition layer with controllable thickness, where the parameters vary continuously. The variation of the reflection coefficient between its maximum (for a zero‐thickness transition layer) and zero, as the ratio of the thickness of the transition layer to the vertical wavelength increases, is studied systematically. The reflection coefficient attains half of its maximum for a value of this ratio of about 0.3, but its exact variation depends on the jump in static stability between the two layers in the first profile, and the Richardson number at the critical level in the second. For a stronger contrast between the two layers, the reflection coefficient is larger, but also decays to zero faster for thinner transition layers. According to these results, most atmospheric profile features perceived as discontinuities are likely to have close‐to‐maximum reflection coefficients, and the variation of atmospheric parameters over a sizeable fraction of the troposphere can still lead to significant wave reflection. These results seem to hold quantitatively to a good degree of approximation in moderately nonlinear flow for the first atmospheric profile, but only qualitatively for the second one.
Robotic weed control using automated weed and crop classification
Authors: Wu Xiaolong , Aravecchia Stéphanie , Lottes Philipp , Stachniss Cyrill , Pradalier Cédric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutonomous robotic weeding systems in precision farming have demonstrated their full potential to alleviate the current dependency on agrochemicals such as herbicides and pesticides, thus reducing environmental pollution and improving sustainability. However, most previous works require fast and constant‐time weed detection systems to achieve real‐time treatment, which forecloses the implementation of more capable but time‐consuming algorithms, for example, learning‐based methods. In this paper, a nonoverlapping multicamera system is applied to provide flexibility for the weed control system in dealing with the indeterminate classification delays. The design, implementation, and testing of our proposed modular weed control unit with mechanical and chemical weeding tools are presented. A framework that performs naive Bayes filtering, 3D direct intra‐ and inter‐camera visual tracking, and predictive control, while integrating state‐of‐the‐art crop/weed detection algorithms, is developed to guide the tools to achieve high‐precision weed removal. The experimental results show that our proposed fully operational weed control system is capable of performing selective mechanical as well as chemical in‐row weeding with indeterminate detection delays in different terrain conditions and crop growth stages.
Aren't we all pursuing societal goals in our businesses? Defining “societal purpose” as pursued by social enterprises
Authors: Lambooy Tineke , Anthoni Pjotr , Argyrou Aikaterini 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSocial enterprises demonstrate how sustainability can be embedded into business. This often implies selecting a legal form and a business model dedicated to serving social and environmental (societal) objectives. Tailor‐made legal frameworks for social enterprises in European Union (EU) Member States require that the social enterprise include a “societal purpose” in its constitutional documents. These legal frameworks refer to “societal purpose” in a general way; the wording is similar but not identical. The EU Regulation on Social Impact Funds and the EU Procurement Directive contain provisions that relate to social enterprises and they also refer to “societal purpose,” although neither of them defines the term. Some EU countries have not (yet) adopted tailor‐made legislation. Their legislators have indicated that they struggle with demarcating the notion of “societal purpose". This article aims to support them as well as EU legislators by testing the concept of “societal purpose” in two ways. A doctrinal research was conducted in order to find a legal basis for explaining what “societal purpose” entails in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands. In the UK, the legal framework concerning the “Community Interest Company” was examined. In the Netherlands, which jurisdiction has not introduced a tailor‐made legal framework for social enterprises, the existing tax legal framework for organisations with a “public benefit purpose” was analysed in the evaluation. Second, an empirical study was conducted into the societal purpose of 400 randomly selected UK and Dutch social enterprises. The results were categorised, compared with each other, and evaluated on the basis of existing legal frameworks.
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yang Jie , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an interesting and useful class of coordination polymers, constructed from metal ion/cluster nodes and functional organic ligands through coordination bonds, and have attracted extensive research interest during the past decades. Due to the unique features of diverse compositions, facile synthesis, easy surface functionalization, high surface areas, adjustable porosity, and tunable biocompatibility, MOFs have been widely used in hydrogen/methane storage, catalysis, biological imaging and sensing, drug delivery, desalination, gas separation, magnetic and electronic devices, nonlinear optics, water vapor capture, etc. Notably, with the rapid development of synthetic methods and surface functionalization strategies, smart MOF‐based nanocomposites with advanced bio‐related properties have been designed and fabricated to meet the growing demands of MOF materials for biomedical applications. This work outlines the synthesis and functionalization and the recent advances of MOFs in biomedical fields, including cargo (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, and dyes) delivery for cancer therapy, bioimaging, antimicrobial, biosensing, and biocatalysis. The prospects and challenges in the field of MOF‐based biomedical materials are also discussed.
Ermüdung von Verbunddübelleisten – experimentelle Untersuchungen
Authors: Christou Georgios , Ungermann Jan , Wolters Kevin , Hegger Josef , Claßen Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVerbunddübelleisten gewinnen im Bereich des Verbundbaus und insbesondere im Brückenbau aufgrund zahlreicher Vorteile im Vergleich zu anderen Verbundmitteln immer mehr an Bedeutung. Die schweißnahtfreie Ausführung von Verbunddübelleisten weist insbesondere unter zyklischen Beanspruchungen ein deutlich gutmütigeres Tragverhalten als bspw. konventionelle Kopfbolzen auf. Das zyklische Tragverhalten wird dabei maßgeblich durch die kontinuierliche Veränderung der Eigenschaften in der Verbundfuge charakterisiert. Die Degradation der Verbindung zwischen Stahl und Beton über die Lebensdauer und der daraus resultierende Schlupf der zuvor nahezu starren Verbindung führen zu Umlagerungen von Schnittgrößen zwischen den Verbundpartnern, die das Tragverhalten der Konstruktion verändern. Zudem kann ein Ermüdungsversagen der Verbundfuge, entweder in Form von Ermüdungsrissen im Stahlzahn oder in Form von Betonversagen, bei dem die zunehmende Schädigung des Betons vor der Stahlleiste sowohl in einer signifikanten Schlupfentwicklung als auch in einem zyklischen Ausstanzversagen resultieren kann, auftreten. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse zyklischer Abscherversuche vorgestellt, in denen unterschiedliche Einflussgrößen auf das Ermüdungsverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten untersucht wurden. Durch die hieraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse konnten Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Tragverhalten der Verbundmittel unter zyklischer Beanspruchung und verschiedenen last‐ und materialabhängigen Einflussgrößen abgeleitet werden.
Complexity vulnerability analysis using symbolic execution
Authors: Luckow Kasper , Kersten Rody , Pasareanu Corina 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe describe techniques based on symbolic execution for finding software vulnerabilities that are due to algorithmic complexity. Such vulnerabilities allow an attacker to mount denial‐of‐service attacks to deny service to benign users or to otherwise disable a software system.The techniques use an efficient guided symbolic execution of a program to compute bounds on the worst‐case complexity (for increasing input sizes) and to generate test values that trigger the worst‐case behaviours. The resulting bounds are fitted to a function to obtain a prediction of the worst‐case program behaviour at any input size. Scalability is achieved by using path policies that guide the symbolic execution towards worst‐case paths. The policies are learned from the worst‐case results obtained with exhaustive exploration at small input sizes and are applied to guide exploration at larger input sizes, where unguided exhaustive exploration is not possible. To achieve precision in the analysis, the path policies take into account the history of choices made along the path when deciding which branch to execute next. Furthermore, the computation is contextpreserving, meaning that the decision for each branch depends on the history computed with respect to the enclosing method.We further report preliminary results on a complementary technique that uses machine learning for building the path policies that guide the search.The techniques are implemented in open‐source projects that build on the Symbolic Pathfinder tool for analysing Java programs. Experimental evaluation shows that the techniques can find vulnerabilities in complex Java programs and can outperform previous symbolic approaches.
Performance analysis of recycled aggregate concrete with chemical admixture
Authors: Kannan Subbareddiar , Arunachalam Kalidass , Brindha Dharmar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRapid growth in construction has resulted in usage of large quantity of natural resources leading to the degradation of environment. Also, the demolition waste is on the rise year by year due to ending of service of the building and modifications to meet latest requirements. Adoption of technology for recycling the construction and demolition (C and D) waste provides a better way of resolving this issue and it will lead to environmental sustainability. Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) is one such environment‐friendly material. RCA usually possess greater porosity and lower density and strength when compared to natural aggregate. Most of the experiments proved that the reduction in the strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is not appreciable up to 40% replacement of natural aggregate with RCA. In the case of RAC, there will be two layers of interfacial transition zone (ITZ). ITZ due to old mortar adhered with aggregate will have greater porosity. Increase in the replacement of natural aggregate with RCA will increase the porosity in the given mass of concrete. This experimental investigation aims at improving the impermeability of RAC by adding chemical admixture which enhances the strength and durability performance.
Evaluation of a Ruthenium coordination complex as photosensitizer for PDT of bladder cancer: Cellular response, tissue selectivity and in vivo response
Authors: Lilge Lothar , Roufaiel Mark , Lazic Savo , Kaspler Pavel , Munegowda Manjunatha A. , Nitz Mark , Bassan Jay , Mandel Arkady 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTLD1433, a Ru(II) polypyridyl complex, was recently introduced. It can be activated in the 520 to 540 nm range. Here we report on the use of TLD1433 for the treatment of bladder carcinomas in vitro and in an in vivo orthotopic model. The electrostatic properties of the normal urothelium vs a tumor compromised urothelium provide for a high selective uptake ratio. In vitro, a 1000 difference in the LD50 between dark and 22.5 J cm−2 irradiation at 530 nm was achieved for two bladder cell lines (T24 and AY‐27). In dogs and rats the plasma concentration for TLD1433 was below 100 ng kg−1 at 72 hours following intravenous injection at a dose of up to 3.5 mg kg−1 and below 10 ng kg−1 following intrabladder instillation for 1 hour at a concentration of 6 mg mL−1. Successful tumor necrosis close to 1.5 mm in depth was achieved.
Re‐envisioning stormwater infrastructure for ultrahazardous flooding
Authors: Sanders Brett F. , Grant Stanley B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUltrahazardous flooding (UHF) occurs on low relief topography at the foot of mountain catchments and is characterized by rapid‐onset, high‐velocity flood flows, large fluxes of sediment and debris, and unpredictable flow paths. 20th century stormwater infrastructure seeks to contain UHF, up to a design level, using combinations of basins, reservoirs and flood control channels. However, these flood control elements may increase the risk of disasters due to: (a) increasingly frequent and intense wildfires that amplify streamflow and debris fluxes beyond infrastructure design capacity; (b) aging and underfunded infrastructure which is susceptible to clogging and failure during extreme events; and (c) expansive urban development where communities are relatively unaware and underprepared for flooding as a consequence of the “levee effect”‐‐the false sense of safety that develops in the presence of flood defenses. 20th century stormwater infrastructure for UHF has also left communities with a legacy of social and environmental challenges including poor water quality, degraded habitats, high maintenance costs, unrealized urban amenities, and altered sediment fluxes. Adopting the Los Angeles Metropolitan Region as a type‐locality for UHF, we propose a new paradigm for stormwater infrastructure based on the concept of erodible flood corridors. Our vision aims for greater sustainability and resilience to extreme events based on congruency with natural processes, conservation of resources and associated ecosystem services, minimization of flood exposure and vulnerability, and avoidance of legacy risk and energy intensive practices.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of WaterEngineering Water > Planning WaterScience of Water > Water Extremes
Post‐installation adaptation of offshore wind turbine controls
Authors: Smilden Emil , Sørum Stian H. , Bachynski Erin E. , Sørensen Asgeir J. , Amdahl Jørgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cost of offshore wind energy can be reduced by incorporating control strategies to reduce the support structures' load effects into the structural design process. While effective in reducing the cost of support structures, load‐reducing controls produce potentially costly side effects in other wind turbine components and subsystems. This paper proposes a methodology to mitigate these side effects at the wind farm level. The interaction between the foundation and the surrounding soil is a major source of uncertainty in estimating the safety margins of support structures. The safety margins are generally closely correlated with the modal properties (natural frequencies, damping ratios). This admits the possibility of using modal identification techniques to reassess the structural safety after installing and commissioning the wind farm. Since design standards require conservative design margins, the post‐installation safety assessment is likely to reveal better than expected structural safety performance. Thus, if load‐reducing controls have been adopted in the structural design process, it is likely permissible to reduce the use of these during actual operation. Here, the probabilistic outcome of such a two‐stage controls adaptation is analyzed. The analysis considers the structural design of a 10 MW monopile offshore wind turbine under uncertainty in the site‐specific soil conditions. Two control strategies are considered in separate analyses: (a) tower feedback control to increase the support structure's fatigue life and (b) peak shaving to increase the support structure's serviceability capacity. The results show that a post‐installation adaptation can reduce the farm‐level side‐effects of load‐reducing controls by up to an order of magnitude.