bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering the bacteriome of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir in a conventionally managed vineyard
Authors: Gamalero Elisa , Bona Elisa , Novello Giorgia , Boatti Lara , Mignone Flavio , Massa Nadia , Cesaro Patrizia , Berta Graziella , Lingua Guido 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe structure of the bacteriome associated with grapevine roots can affect plant development, health and grape quality. We previously investigated the bacterial biodiversity of the Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir rhizosphere in a vineyard subjected to integrated pest management. The aim of this work is to characterize the bacteriome of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir in a conventionally managed vineyard using a metabarcoding approach. Comparisons between the microbial community structure in bulk soil and rhizosphere (variable space) were performed and shifts of bacteriome according to two sampling times (variable time) were characterized. Bacterial biodiversity was higher at the second than at the first sampling and did not differ according to the variable space. Actinobacteria was the dominant class, with Gaiella as the most represented genus in all the samples. Among Proteobacteria, the most represented classes were Alpha, Beta and Gamma-Proteobacteria, with higher abundance at the second than at the first sampling time. Bradyrhizobium was the most frequent genus among Alpha-Proteobacteria, while Burkholderia was the predominant Beta-Proteobacteria. Among Firmicutes, the frequency of Staphylococcus was higher than 60% in bulk soil and rhizosphere. Finally, the sampling time can be considered as one of the drivers responsible for the bacteriome variations assessed.
Miyabeacin: A new cyclodimer presents a potential role for willow in cancer therapy
Authors: Ward Jane L. , Wu Yanqi , Harflett Claudia , Onafuye Hannah , Corol Delia , Lomax Charlotte , Macalpine William J. , Cinatl Jindrich , Wass Mark N. , Michaelis Martin , Beale Michael H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWillow (Salix spp.) is well known as a source of medicinal compounds, the most famous being salicin, the progenitor of aspirin. Here we describe the isolation, structure determination, and anti-cancer activity of a cyclodimeric salicinoid (miyabeacin) from S. miyabeana and S. dasyclados. We also show that the capability to produce such dimers is a heritable trait and how variation in structures of natural miyabeacin analogues is derived via cross-over Diels-Alder reactions from pools of ortho-quinol precursors. These transient ortho-quinols have a role in the, as yet uncharacterised, biosynthetic pathways around salicortin, the major salicinoid of many willow genotypes.
Lack of interleukin-33 and its receptor does not prevent calcipotriol-induced atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice
Authors: Pietka Wojciech , Sundnes Olav , Hammarström Clara , Zucknick Manuela , Khnykin Denis , Haraldsen Guttorm 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent studies addressing the influence of interleukin-33 or its receptor (IL-33R/ST2) on development of atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice have reported conflicting results. We compared the response in single- and double-deficient IL-33−/−/ST2−/− C57BL/6J BomTac mice in the well-established calcipotriol-induced model of atopic dermatitis. All genotypes (groups of up to 14 mice) developed atopic dermatitis-like inflammation yet we observed no biologically relevant difference between groups in gross anatomy or ear thickness. Moreover, histological examination of skin revealed no differences in mononuclear leukocyte and granulocyte infiltration nor Th2 cytokine levels (IL-4 and IL-13). Finally, skin CD45+ cells and CD3+ cells were found at similar densities across all groups. Our findings indicate that lack of interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 does not prevent the development of AD-like skin inflammation.
Effect of Vectashield-induced fluorescence quenching on conventional and super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Arsić Aleksandra , Stajković Nevena , Spiegel Rainer , Nikić-Spiegel Ivana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFinding the right combination of a fluorescent dye and a mounting medium is crucial for optimal microscopy of fixed samples. It was recently shown that Vectashield, one of the most commonly used mounting media for conventional microscopy, can also be applied to super-resolution direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). dSTORM utilizes conventional dyes and starts with samples in a fluorescent “ON” state. This helps in identifying structures of interest. Subsequently, labelled samples are induced into blinking, which is necessary for determining the position of single molecules and reconstruction of super-resolution images. This is only possible with certain fluorescent dyes and imaging buffers. One of the most widely used dyes for dSTORM, Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647), blinks in Vectashield. However, after preparing immunocytochemical samples in Vectashield, we noticed that the fluorescence intensity of AF647 is quenched. This is particularly evident for dimmer immunostainings, such as stainings of some components of neuronal cytoskeleton and axonal initial segment. Because structures of interest cannot be identified in quenched samples, loss of fluorescence intensity hinders imaging of AF647 in Vectashield. This has consequences for both conventional and dSTORM imaging. To overcome this, we provide: 1) a quantitative analysis of AF647 intensity in different imaging media, 2) a quantitative analysis of the suitability of Vectashield for dSTORM imaging of high and low-abundance AF647-labelled targets. Furthermore, for the first time, we quantitatively analyse the performance of Alexa Fluor Plus 647, a new variant of AF647-conjugated antibody, in dSTORM imaging.
Gut metagenomic and short chain fatty acids signature in hypertension: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Calderón-Pérez Lorena , Gosalbes Maria José , Yuste Silvia , Valls Rosa M. , Pedret Anna , Llauradó Elisabet , Jimenez-Hernandez Nuria , Artacho Alejandro , Pla-Pagà Laura , Companys Judit , Ludwig Iziar , Romero Maria-Paz , Rubió Laura , Solà Rosa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHypertension is an independent and preventable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, however, little is known about the impact of gut microbiota composition in its development. We carried out comprehensive gut microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics in a cross-sectional study of 29 non-treated hypertensive (HT) and 32 normotensive (NT) subjects. We determined fecal microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacterial functions by metagenomic analysis. The microbial metabolites analysed were short chain fatty acids (SCFA) both in plasma and feces, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in plasma. The overall bacterial composition and diversity of bacterial community in the two groups were not significantly different. However, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, Christensenellaceae_R-7, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia hominis were found to be significantly enriched in NT group, whereas, Bacteroides coprocola, Bacteroides plebeius and genera of Lachnospiraceae were increased in HT patients. We found a positive correlation between the HT-associated species and systolic and diastolic blood pressure after adjusted for measured confounders. SCFA showed antagonistic results in plasma and feces, detecting in HT subjects significant higher levels in feces and lower levels in plasma, which could indicate a less efficient SCFA absorption. Overall, our results present a disease classifier based on microbiota and bacterial metabolites to discriminate HT individuals from NT controls in a first disease grade prior to drug treatment.
Telomere Maintenance Genes are associated with Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility in Northwest Indian Population Group
Authors: Sethi Itty , Sharma Varun , Sharma Indu , Singh Gurvinder , Bhat Gh. Rasool , Bhanwer A. J. S , Sharma Swarkar , Rai Ekta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTelomere length attrition has been implicated in various complex disorders including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, very few candidate gene association studies have been carried out worldwide targeting telomere maintenance genes. In the present study, variants in various critical telomere maintenance pathway genes for T2D susceptibility in Northwest Indian population were explored. With case-control candidate gene association study design, twelve variants from seven telomere maintenance genes were evaluated. Amongst these five variants, rs9419958 (OBFC1), rs4783704 (TERF2), rs16847897 (TERC/LRRC31), rs10936599 (TERC/MYNN), and rs74019828 (CSNK2A2) showed significant association with T2D (at p-value ≤ 0.003, threshold set after Bonferroni correction) in the studied population. In silico analyses of these variants indicated interesting functional roles that warrant experimental validations. Findings showed that variants in telomere maintenance genes are associated with pathogenesis of T2D in Northwest Indian population. We anticipate further, such candidate gene association studies in other Indian populations and worldwide would contribute in understanding the missing heritability of T2D.
Distinct BOLD variability changes in the default mode and salience networks in Alzheimer’s disease spectrum and associations with cognitive decline
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Zuo Xi-Nian , Ng Kwun Kei , Chong Joanna Su Xian , Shim Hee Youn , Ong Marcus Qin Wen , Loke Yng Miin , Choo Boon Linn , Chong Eddie Jun Yi , Wong Zi Xuen , Hilal Saima , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Tan Boon Yeow , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Zhou Juan Helen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOptimal levels of intrinsic Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal variability (variability hereafter) are important for normative brain functioning. However, it remains largely unknown how network-specific and frequency-specific variability changes along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum and relates to cognitive decline. We hypothesized that cognitive impairment was related to distinct BOLD variability alterations in two brain networks with reciprocal relationship, i.e., the AD-specific default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). We examined variability of resting-state fMRI data at two characteristic slow frequency-bands of slow4 (0.027–0.073 Hz) and slow5 (0.01–0.027 Hz) in 96 AD, 98 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 48 age-matched healthy controls (HC) using two commonly used pre-processing pipelines. Cognition was measured with a neuropsychological assessment battery. Using both global signal regression (GSR) and independent component analysis (ICA), results generally showed a reciprocal DMN-SN variability balance in aMCI (vs. AD and/or HC), although there were distinct frequency-specific variability patterns in association with different pre-processing approaches. Importantly, lower slow4 posterior-DMN variability correlated with poorer baseline cognition/smaller hippocampus and predicted faster cognitive decline in all patients using both GSR and ICA. Altogether, our findings suggest that reciprocal DMN-SN variability balance in aMCI might represent an early signature in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline along the AD spectrum.
Increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with psoriasis: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Kim Miri , Park Hyo Eun , Lee Si-Hyung , Han Kyungdo , Lee Ji Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unclear, neuroinflammation appears to play a role in its development. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has recently been found to genetically overlap with AD. We aimed to investigate the risk of AD in patients with psoriasis. Subjects with psoriasis (n = 535,927) and age- and sex-matched controls without psoriasis (at a 5:1 ratio; n = 2,679,635) who underwent ≥3 health examinations between 2008 and 2014 were included, drawn from the Korean National Health Insurance System database. There were 50,209 cases of AD (1.87%) in controls without psoriasis and 11,311 cases (2.11%) in patients with psoriasis, and the median follow-up was 3.35 years. In a multivariable-adjusted model, patients with psoriasis showed a significantly increased risk of AD (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07–1.12, p < 0.0001) compared to controls without psoriasis. Among patients with psoriasis, the risk of AD was significantly increased in psoriasis patients not receiving systemic therapy compared to those receiving systemic therapy (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08–1.12 vs. hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.90–1.09, p < 0.0001). The incidence of AD was significantly increased in patients with psoriasis compared to control subjects without psoriasis. Of note, systemic treatment for psoriasis was associated with a reduced risk of AD.
Individualized Narrative Intervention for School-Age Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Hessling Alison , Schuele C. Melanie 
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study extends the research on narrative intervention by evaluating the effect of a standard treatment protocol,
Story Champs
(
Petersen & Spencer, 2012
), on personal narrative generations of school-age children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
Four second-grade, 8- to 9-year-old boys with SLI participated in this multiple baseline across behaviors, single-case design study that was repeated across participants. Each one-on-one intervention session involved eight steps across two intervention segments: story retell and personal story generation. The interventionist provided systematic scaffolding (visual and verbal supports) that was faded within each session. Three individualized story grammar elements per participant were targeted sequentially across the weeks of intervention based on each participant's needs identified in baseline. The dependent variable probe (personal narrative generation) was administered at the beginning of each twice-weekly session, and individualized story grammar elements were scored on a 4-point rubric (dependent variable).

Results

In this single-case research design study, a functional relation was evaluated for each participant (i.e., replication of an effect across three story grammar elements). A functional relation between
Story Champs
intervention and the dependent variable was observed for two participants.

Conclusion

Results provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of individually administered
Story Champs
intervention for children with SLI.
Perception of Medial Consonants by Children With and Without Speech and Language Disorders: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Brosseau-Lapré Françoise , Schumaker Jennifer , Kluender Keith R. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate perception of the early-acquired consonant /p/ and later-acquired consonant /ʃ/ in medial word position by preschoolers with and without speech and language disorders.

Method
Twenty-four children, six with isolated speech sound disorder (SSD-only), six with SSD and concomitant developmental language disorder (SSD + DLD), and 12 with typical speech and language skills (TD) completed a battery of standardized speech and language tests as well as an identification task of /aCa/ disyllables. Targets and foils varied by only one place, manner, or voice feature. Mixed analysis of variance (participant groups × two target consonants) was conducted to compare performance of children in the three groups (between-subjects) and to compare performance on consonants that are early acquired or later acquired (within-subject).

Results
All groups of participants were more accurate in perceiving the early-acquired consonant than the later-acquired consonant. Overall performance by children with SSD-only did not differ significantly from children with TD. As a group, children with SSD + DLD were less accurate than children with TD and children with SSD-only for both target consonants.

Conclusions
Children with SSD + DLD performed less well than peers with SSD-only and with TD with both predictably easy and difficult sound contrasts. Children with SSD-only performed nominally less well than children with TD for the speech sound with which they have difficulty, but this difference did not reach statistical significance for these relatively small group sizes.
Reanimation – praktische Umsetzung von Leitlinien und Standards in der Klinik
Authors: Kersten Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOut of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) requiring cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains a mojor public health concern. OHCA affects nearly 275 000 people in Europe annualy with more than 70 000 of those in Germany alone. It represents of the major causes of death in Europe.In 40 % of patients CPR is successful and leads to a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Due to the relevance of OHCA and CPR detailed guidelines with sound scientific foundation exist. However, even after successful CPR, mortality and morbidity remain high due to the severity of underlying diseases and sequelae of OHCA and CPR itself. Thus, optimization of the initial CPR treatment with reducing overall no-flow time (time from collaps with cardiac arrest to start of CPR) and optimization and streamlining of treatment algorithms and quality in hospitals receiving patients after cardiac arrest have been a strong focus to improve overall survival. Current guidelines suggest creation of Cardiac Arrest Centers as specialized hospitals who focus on high quality of post-resuscitation care with standardized processes and interdisciplinary treatment of patients after OHCA to establish fast, secure and effective treatment that is widely available in all regions.This article will address the relevant items to be considered in daily practice of resuscitation and post-resuscitation care for cardiac arrest.
Antiarrhythmika: Welche Rolle spielen sie heute noch?
Authors: Fischer Thomas H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of medical antiarrhythmic therapy apart from beta-blockers has been steadily decreasing in the recent past. This can partly be attributed to technological progress that has rendered the ablation of complex cardiac arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, focal atrial tachycardias and ventricular arrhythmias feasible and efficacious. Furthermore, an awareness regarding pro-arrhythmic and toxic side-effects of antiarrhythmic medication has evolved. Nevertheless, medical antiarrhythmic therapy still plays a fundamental role in acute therapy of arrythmias as well as certain indications for long-term therapy. This review comprehensively summarizes the current role of medical antiarrhythmic therapy in daily clinical practice focusing on mechanisms and therapies of the most common cardiac arrythmias.
Strukturierte Patientenübergabe
Authors: Rossi Rolando , Bernhard Christian , Hossfeld Björn 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungGehen bei der Übergabe wesentliche Informationen verloren oder kommt es durch menschliche Faktoren, Zeitdruck und ungünstige äußere Umstände zu Missverständnissen, sind der weitere Verlauf gestört und die Sicherheit des Patienten bedroht. Strukturierte Übergabekonzepte bieten das Skelett für einen robusten und vollständigen Übergaberapport in kurzer Zeit und erhöhen die Sicherheit für den Patienten maßgeblich.
Akute Exazerbation einer reaktivierten chronischen Hepatitis B nach Absetzen der antiviralen Therapie mit nachfolgendem Verlust des HBsAg
Authors: Bert Florian , Rossol Siegbert 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Eine 66-jährige Patientin mit chronischer HBV-Infektion unter antiviraler Therapie stellte sich mit Ikterus und allgemeiner Schwäche 2 Wochen nach einem Infekt der oberen Atemwege vor. Die Therapie setzte die Patientin 6 Monate vor Vorstellung eigenständig ab. Die Leber war leicht vergrößert tastbar, das Abdomen sowie der weitere körperliche Untersuchungsstatus waren unauffällig.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Das Labor zeigte deutlich erhöhte Lebertransaminasen sowie ein erhöhtes Bilirubin. Der Hepatitis-B-Infektionsstatus bestätigte das Bild des chronisch-aktiven Verlaufs (HBsAg positiv), die Virusquantifizierung ergab Werte > 21 Mio. IU/ml. Sonografisch zeigten sich keine Auffälligkeiten.
Therapie und Verlauf Die antivirale Therapie wurde wieder aufgenommen mit nachfolgender Besserung der Lebertransaminasen und Abfall der Virusmenge. Nach 22 Wochen Behandlung traten eine Serokonversion (HBsAg negativ) und Ausheilung der Hepatitis ein.
Folgerung Im Rahmen eines akuten Schubs einer chronischen Hepatitis B nach Beendigung der antiviralen Therapie ist eine Ausheilung mit Verlust des HBsAg möglich.
Comparison of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the evaluation of unclear renal lesions
Authors: Marschner Constantin Arndt , Ruebenthaler Johannes , Schwarze Vincent , Negrão de Figueiredo Giovanna , Zhang Lan , Clevert Dirk Andre 
Published: April 2020

Purpose To compare the sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of unclear renal lesions to the histopathological outcome.
Materials and methods A total of 255 patients with a single unclear renal mass with initial imaging studies between 2005 and 2015 were included. Patient ages ranged from 18 to 86 with (mean age 62 years; SD ± 13). CEUS (255 patients), CT (88 out of 255 patients; 34.5 %) and MRI (36 out of 255 patients; 14.1 %) were used for determining malignancy or benignancy and initial findings were correlated with the histopathological outcome.
Results CEUS showed a sensitivity of 99.1 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 96.7 %, 99.9 %), a specificity of 80.5 % (95 % CI: 65.1 %, 91.2 %), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.4 % (95 % CI: 93.0 %, 98.4 %) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94.3 % (95 % CI: 80.8 %, 99.3 %). CT showed a sensitivity of 97.1 % (95 % CI: 89.9 %, 99.6 %), a specificity of 47.4 % (95 % CI: 24.4 %, 71.1 %), a PPV of 87.0 % (95 % CI: 77.4 %, 93.6 %) and a NPV of 81.8 % (95 % CI: 48.2 %, 97.7 %). MRI showed a sensitivity of 96.4 % (95 % CI: 81.7 %, 99.9 %), a specificity of 75.0 % (95 % CI: 34.9 %, 96.8 %), a PPV of 93.1 % (95 % CI: 77.2 %, 99.2 %) and a NPV of 85.7 % (95 % CI: 42.1 %, 99.6 %). Out of the 212 malignant lesions a total of 130 clear cell renal carcinomas, 59 papillary renal cell carcinomas, 7 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, 4 combined clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas and 12 other malignant lesions, e. g. metastases, were diagnosed. Out of the 43 benign lesions a total 10 angiomyolipomas, 3 oncocytomas, 8 benign renal cysts and 22 other benign lesions, e. g. renal adenomas were diagnosed. Using CEUS, 10 lesions were falsely identified as malignant or benign, whereas 8 lesions were false positive and 2 lesions false negative.
Conclusion CEUS is an useful method which can be additionally used to clinically differentiate between malignant and benign renal lesions. CEUS shows a comparable sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV to CT and MRI. In daily clinical routine, patients with contraindications for other imaging modalities can particularly benefit using this method.
Key Points:
Citation Format