bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE BASED LEARNING: AN ANALYSIS OF IMPACT ON RETENTION OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Thote Prashant , S Gowri 
Published: November 2020

Chemistry is a fundamental discipline of Science that accounts for day to day life at molecular level. The major challenge in the classroom instructions is to bridge the gap between high demand of learning and low efforts of learners due to lack of motivation. In this paper attempt is made to correlate the subject with day to day life. The objectives of the classroom instructions are to make effective and efficient delivery of instruction, knowledge, skill, attitude and competence. The aim of the present study is to make Chemistry subject vivid, joyful understanding of concept to stimulate learners intellectual curiosity to enhance the learning. In this study total 50 students participate. The students are categorized into two groups (study group and the control group). Each group consists of 25 students. Quasi experiment research design is applied. Data is collected by using question paper based on Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (RBT) before and after the experiment. Result of the study reveals that the evidence-based learning approach is used for the classroom instructions and has positive impact on motivation, satisfaction and academic achievement. The present classroom instruction is beneficial because it correlates the subject with day today life and arouses the interest among the learners. Based on the findings of the study some suggestions are made.
ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE DECISION OF HEDGING IN COMPANIES MINING SECTORS LISTED ON BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Indah Mutiara , Andriana Isni , Thamrin Kemas M. Husni 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this studies were determining and analyzing the internal factors influence the hedging decision of mining sector company listed on the IDX from 2015-2018 with internal factors, such as financial distress, underinvestment and asset substitution problem. The population of this study consisted of 41 companies. Which was using purposive sampling obtained 12 sampel companies. The analys tecnique used is descriptive statistics. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analys showed there were no companies have been able to meet the average standard of internal factors during the year of this study so many companies have not been able to meet the average standard to do hedging to avoid the risk of internal hedging factors. There was one company has been able to meet the average underinvestment standard, it called the Market to Book Value (MBV) variable during the year of the research, it named namely PT. Bumi Resources Tbk. The next study can be expected to use the company’s hedging disclosure indicators outside of this studies such as external factors there were interest rates and currency exchange and measure the internal factors by adding the variables which can be used to increase the results of the study over all.
People’s Power Policy in Legal Construction in Treason Criminal Law as Indonesian Penal Code Reform
Authors: Aripkah Nur , Soponyono Eko , Putra Aistha Wisnu 
Published: November 2020

Last year, People’s power was sounded during the presidential election period. It is still reaped the pros and cons in various circles, some called it as part of the treason, and some categorized it as a form of freedom of expression. The purpose of this article to see if the legal construction of treason criminal law is regulated under the current Penal Code, people’s power can be categorized as treason and how people’s power policies should be in the future under the legal construction of treason under criminal law. the normative point of view with the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach, analyzing the concept of people’s power is not appropriate to calls as a criminal act of treason because it does not meet the juridical construction of treason under the Article 104, Article 106, and 107 of the penal code(KUHP). Likewise, in Article 191 Indonesian Penal Code Bill (RKUHP), Article 192, Article 193, and 194 RKUHP. People’s power policy in the legal construction of treason criminal law as an effort to reform the Penal Code needs to be reformulated in particular articles, later in Article 194 ofthe penal code(KUHP). The legal construction of treason criminal law then emphasized in words against the government without using the weapons.
Does the use of the skeletonized internal thoracic artery result in less postoperative bleeding than the pedicled internal thoracic artery in coronary artery bypass surgery?
Authors: Succi Guilherme , Álvaro Barbosa Aguiar Neves Pedro , Succi José Ernesto , Martins Ferrato dos Santos Maira , Pereira da Costa Neves Thathianne 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To compare the postoperative bleeding between the skeletonized grafts and pedicled internal thoracic artery (ITA) in coronary artery bypass.
Material and Method: 132 elective patients submitted to the surgery of myocardial revascularization were retrospectively analyzed and the sample was equally distributed in groups according to the dissection performed on the ITA: G1, skeletonized and G2, pedicled. In both methods, the dissection was finished before the heparinization and the installation of extracorporeal circulation. The following clinical parameters were evaluated: extracorporeal circulation time, aortic clamping, drainage debit and administration of hemocomponents (erythrocytes and platelets).

Results: The average number of platelets concentrations and the drainage debit on the postoperative period were statistically higher for the pedicled dissection of the ITA compared to the skeletonized one. No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the use of one or two mammary arteries, as well as for the time of extracorporeal circulation and anoxia in the studied groups.
Conclusion: The skeletonized preparation of the internal thoracic artery significantly reduced the blood loss after an elective surgery of myocardial revascularization.
Cat fit and bull fight: Assessment of aggression in medical students as a prelude to conduct violence in future
Authors: Acharya Jenash , Lama Geshu , Acharya Jemish , Manandhar Naresh , Pant Abhishek 
Published: November 2020

Background: The intensity of aggression present in any person determines his/her threat to conduct violent and impulsive act against members of the society or else family, friends or foes, which necessitates a crucial analytical instrument for identification of such behaviour in smaller groups of societies.
Objectives: To assess a group of medical students from Kathmandu, Nepal for potential risk they bear to conduct violence in future medical practice.
Methodology: A self-administered pre-validated Bush and Perry Aggression Questionnaire was used in this descriptive cross-sectional study to analyse emotional and cognitive component among 235 medical students of Nepal between February and May 2019. A Likert-type bipolar scale was used for response format ranging from one (extremely uncharacteristic) to five (extremely characteristic). Questionnaire explored four factors: physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Mean scores of aggression were computed and compared with gender and level of education by conducting independent t-test with level of significance at 0.05.
Results: The mean scores were 20.73± 6.33, 13.97± 3.87, 18.79± 5.20 and 20.17±6.68, for physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility respectively. Males had higher score of physical aggression statistically significant at p<0.05. The mean Bush and Aggression Perry Questionnaire score was calculated to be 71.66± 15.71, but insignificant (p>0.05) when compared between sexes, and level of education (second semester and seventh semester students).
Conclusion: Male medical students were more prone to hostility and physical aggression than female students who were more liable (statistically insignificant) to verbal aggression and anger.
Role of cervical length assessment at mid-trimester scan for predicting preterm births: An experience from Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Tamrakar Suman Raj , Shrestha Rubina 
Published: November 2020

Background: Ultrasound has revolutionized the pattern of care and management. Mid trimester ultrasound (transabdominal) is a valuable method for pregnant clients to predict preterm births.
Objectives: To assess cervical length at 20 to 24 weeks obstetric scan for predicting risk of preterm delivery and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of assessing cervical length as a predictor of preterm delivery.
Methodology: This is a prospective study conducted at a Tertiary Hospital. Pregnant clients with singleton pregnancy at 20 to 24 weeks were enrolled for transabdominal ultrasound for assessing cervical length as a predictor of preterm delivery.
Results: Of 1027 pregnant clients screened, the mean age was 22.92±3.45. Mean gestational age during scan was 21+5 weeks of gestation. About 2.43% of clients were found to have short cervix < 2.5 cm with mean cervical length 3.8 cm. The risk of preterm delivery was almost two fold when cervical length was < 2.5 cm. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value to predict preterm delivery were 32%, 85.9%, 5.44% and 98.04% respectively.
Conclusion: Assessment of the cervical length at mid-trimester can be useful tool for predicting risk of preterm delivery.
Dysregulation of Insulin-Linked Metabolic Pathways in Alzheimer’s Disease: Co-Factor Role of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4
Authors: Robbins James , Busquets Oriol , Tong Ming , de la Monte Suzanne M. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Brain insulin resistance and deficiency are well-recognized abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and likely mediators of impaired energy metabolism. Since apolipoprotein E ( APOE) is a major risk factor for late-onset AD, it was of interest to examine its potential contribution to altered insulin-linked signaling networks in the brain. Objective: The main goal was to evaluate the independent and interactive contributions of AD severity and APOE ɛ4 dose on brain expression of insulin-related polypeptides and inflammatory mediators of metabolic dysfunction. Methods: Postmortem fresh frozen frontal lobe tissue from banked cases with known APOE genotypes and different AD Braak stages were used to measure insulin network polypeptide immunoreactivity with a commercial multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Significant AD Braak stage and APOE genotype-related abnormalities in insulin, C-peptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucaton-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, glucagon, resistin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were detected. The main factors inhibiting polypeptide expression and promoting neuro-inflammatory responses included AD Braak stage and APOE ɛ4/ ɛ4 rather than ɛ3/ ɛ4. Conclusion: This study demonstrates an expanded role for impaired expression of insulin-related network polypeptides as well as neuroinflammatory mediators of brain insulin resistance in AD pathogenesis and progression. In addition, the findings show that APOE has independent and additive effects on these aberrations in brain polypeptide expression, but the impact is decidedly greater for APOE ɛ4/ ɛ4 than ɛ3/ ɛ4.
Diagnosing X-linked Myotubular Myopathy – A German 20-year Follow Up Experience
Authors: Gangfuss Andrea , Schmitt Dirk , Roos Andreas , Braun Frederik , Annoussamy Melanie , Servais Laurent , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: November 2020

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a life-threatening rare neuromuscular disease, which is caused by pathogenic variants in the MTM1 gene. It has a large phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from patients, who are able to walk independently to immobile patients who are only able to bring hand to mouth and depend on a respirator 24 hours a day every day. This suggests that ventilator requirements may not illustrate the full clinical picture of patients with XLMTM. At present, there is no curative therapy available, despite first promising results from ongoing gene therapy studies. In this study, we evaluated in detail the data from 13 German XLMTM patients, which was collected over a period of up to 20 years in our university hospital. We compared it to the international prospective longitudinal natural history study (NHS) data from 45 patients (containing 11 German patients). To highlight the broad phenotypic spectrum of the disease, we additionally focused on the clinical presentation of three cases at a glance. Comparing our data with the above mentioned natural history study, it appears the patients of the present German cohort seem to be more often severely affected, with higher frequency of non-ambulatory patients and patients on ventilation (and for longer time) and a higher proportion of patients needing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Another key finding is a potential gap in time between first clinical presentation and final diagnosis, showing a need for patients to be treated in a specialized center for neuromuscular diseases.
Find Opportunities Within USDA Programs to Reduce GHG Emissions and Increase Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Swanston Chris , Schmitt Kristen , Shannon Danielle , Daley Jad 
Published: November 2020

The USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub (NFCH) and the Forest-Climate Working Group (FCWG) held a series of two workshops designed to identify specific opportunities within USDA programs to explicitly support greenhouse gas mitigation in the forest sector. The first workshop (Perspectives from the Field) gathered suggestions and ideas from field practitioners familiar with using USDA programs to support forest carbon benefits. The second workshop (Finding USDA Programmatic GHG Mitigation Opportunities) invited USDA Program leads and representatives to develop specific suggestions on modifications to USDA Programs that could assist in these efforts. The final outcome was a series of twelve ideas from USDA Program leads and representatives that took into account input from the field, and outlined specific needs for each idea. These twelve are listed below and summarized more completely in the Workshop summary section description.
Assessment of Forest Sector Carbon Stocks and Mitigation Potential for the State Forests of Pennsylvania
Authors: Dugan Alexa , Steele Al , Hollinger David , Birdsey Richard , Lichstein Jeremy 
Published: November 2020

Forests and their products provide many benefits including clean water, recreation, wildlife habitat, wood products, energy, as well as carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. This project assesses past and future carbon sequestration and mitigation potential across the forest sector of Pennsylvania with a focus on State Forest lands. This research resulted from a collaboration between the U.S. Forest Service and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (PA DCNR).
SENTENCE PRODUCTION IN SLOW LEARNER STUDENT AND ITS IMPLICATION ON LEARNING: CASE STUDY AT SDI MELATI NUSANTARA
Authors: TIKASARI WARDATUL YUNITA 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to know the sentence production of slow learner student and its implications for learning. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with interactive model analysis techniques. Data was collected from observation of slow learner student learning activities and interviews with the shadow teacher and the principal. The results showed that slow learner students produce simple sentences such as verbs, nouns, adjective, and prepositional sentence with declarative, imperative, interrogative types. Meanwhile, what the school did to assist slow learner student learning process is adjust the objectivesof learning, learning condition, learning materials, and learning evaluations. One example is the application of a semi-detached classroom system, the use of interactive videos as learning media, the use of companion books, and adjusting the learning evaluation systems.
IMPROVEMENT PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ASSISTED BY SQUARE PUZZLE
Authors: Mahmudah Fitriana 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the classroom action research is to improve the student problem solving ability of fourth grade elementary school Lambangan 2 with implementation Problem Based Learning. This research is a classroom action research with 19 students as a subject. This research lasted for 2 cycle, each cycle consist of 4 stages are planning, action, observation, and reflection. The independent variable in this research is Problem Based Learning assisted by square puzzle. While the dependent variable is problem solving ability. Data collection techniques used is observation, interview, test, and documentation. The data was analyzed quantitative. The result showed improvement problem solving ability in cycle I and cycle II, that is with percentage of classical learning completeness equal 63,15% in cycle I to 84,21% in cycle II.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING SKILLLS THROUGH PUNCTUATIONS BY USING GOOGLE CLASSROOM APPLICATION AT THE GRADE XII MS 1 OF SMA NEGERI PLUS OF RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Emadesti Tengku 
Published: November 2020

This article reports on a study intended to explain punctuations was presumed could better improve the students’ reading skill by using google classroom application at the grade XII MS 1 of SMA Negeri Plus Riau Province and to explain what factors that change it. The data were collected by using observation checklists, field notes and tests. Qualitative data were analyzed by data managing, reading or memoing, describing, classifying, interpreting. Quantitative data were analyzed by percentage (scores of reading test by using google classroom application), matrix and graph. This classroom action research consisted of two cycles constituting 3 meetings for each cycle. The result of this research shows that the students’ reading skill by using google classroom application improved in each cycles. At the end of the first cycle, the percentage of the students’ reading skill by using google classroom application was 83.20%. But, the result was unsatisfied yet. At the end of the second cycle, the improvement of the students’ reading skill by using google classroom application texts was 90.40%.. It means that there is the improvement of the students’ reading skill through punctuations by using google classroom application at the end of second cycle. In conclusion, the use of punctuations improve the students’ reading skill by using google classroom application
Clinical spectrum and out comes of snake bite patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital , A prospective observational hospital based study
Authors: Anand Sameer , Ahmed Owais , Kundal Vijay 
Published: November 2020

Background: Snakebite is a major public health problem and its prevalence is high in India. Insufficient epidemiological data and global neglect of this condition prompted the World Health organization to recognize it as a ‘‘neglected tropical disease’’
Objective: To study demographic characteristics of snakebite victims, to see clinical symptoms of bite and outcomes of snakebite.
Methods: A prospective observational hospital-based study carried out from November 2016 to October 2017, in patients with a history of snakebite.
Results:Total 300 patients were included in this study,170 (56.67%) were bitten by heamotoxic snakes and 130 (43.33%) were bitten by neurotoxic snakes. Majority of patients were in the age group of 20-39 years ( n=153; 51%). Men outnumbered women( n=190; 63.33%), with male to female ratio of 1.7: 1. Higher incidence of snake bite was found in July – September (n=135;45.00 %) followed by April to June( n=124; 41.33%).Majority of patients were farmers in rural areas ( n=242; 80.80%).Out of 300 patients,80required ICU care.In patients with neuroparalytic snake bites, clinical features were; ptosis (n=126; 96.92%),ophthalmoplegia (n=98; 75.38%),respiratory paralysis (n=60; 46.15%),bulbar weakness ( n=74; 56.92%) andabdomen pain(n=25; 19.23%).Clinical features in patients of haemotoxic snake bites were ; bleeding from bite site(n=110; 65.29%) , cellulitis(n=100; 58.82%), gum bleed(n=53; 31.18%), ecchymosis(n=49; 28.82%),epistaxis(n=27; 15.82%),gastrointestinal bleeding(n=25; 14.71%) andhaemoptysis(n=19; 11.18%). Complications observed were acute kidney injury ( n=62; 20.67%) , respiratory failure ( n=51; 17.00%) , DIC( n=7; 2.33%) and ARDS( n=5; 1.67%) . Out of 170 hemotoxic snake bite patients, 157 (92.35%) patients recovered and 13 (7.65%) patients died and out of 130 neurotoxic snake bites, 124 (95.39%) patients recovered and 6 (4.61%) patients died, overall mortality was 6.3%. In our study, bite to needle time was less than 1 hour in 47 patients (15.66%), less than 6 hrs in 120 patients (40%) and more than 24 hours in 45 (15%).
Conclusion: Snakebite is common in adult males between 20 to 50 years and the commonest site is the lower limb. The majority of the victims are farmers who work in fields. A maximum number of cases presented within 1-6 hours of bite using a tourniquet on the affected limb as first aid. The complications and mortality of snakebite are high.
The Potential Impacts of Obesity on COVID-19
Authors: Khan Tasaduk Sultan , Khan Musadiq Sultan 
Published: November 2020

Barrow in Furness, UHMBT, LA14 4LF, Cumbria, UK
Coronavirus disease 2019 is the outbreak caused by a new strain of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 1. The outbreak that leads to a global pandemic originated from the city of Wuhan in China 2. According to a CDC report, the commonest underlying conditions among those hospitalized with COVID-19 were diabetes, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease 1. Obesity is a common denominator for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Previous experience with the H1N1 epidemic showed that obesity is associated with high mortality 3. All of these observations have raised concerns about the impacts that obesity could have on COVID-19.
Enlarged anterior communicating artery masquerading as intracranial aneurysm
Authors: A. Albanaa Saja , Al-Sharshahi Zahraa F. , Hummadi Noor A. , Al-Waely Noor K. , Alshakarchy Rasha A. , Neamah Ali M. , Alkhafaji Aktham O. , Hoz Samer S. 
Published: November 2020

Background. The anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex consists of the ACoA, the pre-and post-communicating segments of the anterior cerebral artery, and the recurrent artery of Heubner. It is the most common site for anatomical variations in the circle of Willis. Such variations can mimic intracranial aneurysms.
Case description. A 30-year-old female presented with recurrent episodes of extreme headache and bilateral tinnitus. A brain computed tomography (CT) scan showed no significant lesions, while her CT-angiography (CTA) showed an enlarged vascular lesion at the ACoA, raising the suspicion for an ACoA aneurysm. A repeated CTA revealed a rare anatomical variation with a pattern of cross dominance in the ACoA complex; the left A1 and right A2 were dominant-enlarged, resulting in an enlargement of the ACoA. The presence of an ACoA aneurysm was hence excluded and the patient was managed conservatively. At 6-month follow-up, CTA showed no new findings.
Conclusion. ACoA enlargement can result from unequal hemodynamics around the ACoA complex, which may be mistaken for an aneurysm. A thorough study of the imaging data is of pivotal importance and may change the management strategy.