bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced activation of human NK cells by drug-exposed hepatocytes
Authors: Fasbender Frank , Obholzer Martin , Metzler Sarah , Stöber Regina , Hengstler Jan G. , Watzl Carsten 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) represents one of the major causes why drugs have to be withdrawn from the market. In this study, we describe a new interaction between drug-exposed hepatocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. In a previous genome-wide expression analysis of primary human hepatocytes that had been exposed to clinically relevant concentrations of 148 drugs, we found that several activating ligands for NK cell receptors were regulated by various drugs (e.g., valproic acid, ketoconazole, promethazine, isoniazid). Especially expression of the activating NKG2D ligands (MICA, MICB and ULBPs) and the NKp30 ligand B7-H6 were upregulated in primary human hepatocytes upon exposure to many different drugs. Using the human hepatocyte cell lines Huh7 and HepG2, we confirmed that protein levels of activating NK cell ligands were elevated after drug exposure. Hepatocyte cell lines or primary human hepatocytes co-cultivated with NK cells caused enhanced NK cell activation after pretreatment with drugs at in vivo relevant concentrations compared to solvent controls. Enhanced NK cell activation was evident by increased cytotoxicity against hepatocytes and interferon (IFN)-γ production. NK cell activation could be blocked by specific antibodies against activating NK cell receptors. These data support the hypothesis that NK cells can modulate drug-induced liver injury by direct interaction with hepatocytes resulting in cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production.
Lipid metabolism of leukocytes in the unstimulated and activated states
Authors: Alarcon-Barrera Juan Carlos , von Hegedus Johannes H. , Brouwers Hilde , Steenvoorden Evelyne , Ioan-Facsinay Andreea , Mayboroda Oleg A. , Ondo-Mendez Alejandro , Giera Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLipidomics has emerged as a powerful technique to study cellular lipid metabolism. As the lipidome contains numerous isomeric and isobaric species resulting in a significant overlap between different lipid classes, cutting-edge analytical technology is necessary for a comprehensive analysis of lipid metabolism. Just recently, differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) has evolved as such a technology, helping to overcome several analytical challenges. We here set out to apply DMS and the Lipidyzer™ platform to obtain a comprehensive overview of leukocyte-related lipid metabolism in the resting and activated states. First, we tested the linearity and repeatability of the platform by using HL60 cells. We obtained good linearities for most of the thirteen analyzed lipid classes (correlation coefficient > 0.95), and good repeatability (%CV < 15). By comparing the lipidome of neutrophils (PMNs), monocytes (CD14+), and lymphocytes (CD4+), we shed light on leukocyte-specific lipid patterns as well as lipidomic changes occurring through differential stimulation. For example, at the resting state, PMNs proved to contain higher amounts of triacylglycerides compared to CD4+ and CD14+ cells. On the other hand, CD4+ and CD14+ cells contained higher levels of phospholipids and ceramides. Upon stimulation, diacylglycerides, hexosylceramides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphoethanolamines, and lysophosphoethanolamines were upregulated in CD4+ cells and PMNs, whereas CD14+ cells did not show significant changes. By exploring the fatty acid content of the significantly upregulated lipid classes, we mainly found increased concentrations of very long and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our results indicate the usefulness of the Lipidyzer™ platform for studying cellular lipid metabolism. Its application allowed us to explore the lipidome of leukocytes.
Prevalence of abnormal findings in 230 knees of asymptomatic adults using 3.0 T MRI
Authors: Horga Laura M. , Hirschmann Anna C. , Henckel Johann , Fotiadou Anastasia , Di Laura Anna , Torlasco Camilla , D’Silva Andrew , Sharma Sanjay , Moon James C. , Hart Alister J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
To identify abnormalities in asymptomatic sedentary individuals using 3.0 Tesla high-resolution MRI.

Materials and methods
The cohort comprised of 230 knees of 115 uninjured sedentary adults (51 males, 64 females; median age: 44 years). All participants had bilateral knee 3.0 T MRIs. Two senior musculoskeletal radiologists graded all intraarticular knee structures using validated scoring systems. Participants completed Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score questionnaires at the time of the MRI scan.

Results
MRI showed abnormalities in the majority (97%) of knees. Thirty percent knees had meniscal tears: horizontal (23%), complex (3%), vertical (2%), radial (2%) and bucket handle (1%). Cartilage and bone marrow abnormalities were prevalent at the patellofemoral joint (57% knees and 48% knees, respectively). Moderate and severe cartilage lesions were common, in 19% and 31% knees, respectively, while moderate and severe bone marrow oedema in 19% and 31% knees, respectively. Moderate-intensity lesion in tendons was found in 21% knees and high-grade tendonitis in 6% knees—the patellar (11% and 2%, respectively) and quadriceps (7% and 2%, respectively) tendons being most affected. Three percent partial ligamentous ruptures were found, especially of the anterior cruciate ligament (2%).

Conclusion
Nearly all knees of asymptomatic adults showed abnormalities in at least one knee structure on MRI. Meniscal tears, cartilage and bone marrow lesions of the patellofemoral joint were the most common pathological findings. Bucket handle and complex meniscal tears were reported for the first time in asymptomatic knees.
Inflammation is a target of medical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: De Nunzio Cosimo , Salonia Andrea , Gacci Mauro , Ficarra Vincenzo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To review the role of a persistent prostatic inflammatory status (PIS) in the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and which medical therapies approved for LUTS/BPH may reduce persistent PIS.

Methods
Literature search in PubMed up to July 2019.

Results
The cause of histologically defined persistent PIS or chronic prostatic inflammation is multifactorial. It is evident in many men with LUTS/BPH, particularly in older men and in men with a large prostate volume or more severe (storage) LUTS. Additionally, persistent PIS is associated with an increased risk of acute urinary retention and symptom worsening. Of medical therapies approved for LUTS/BPH, the current evidence for a reduction of persistent PIS is greatest for the hexanic extract of Serenoa repens (HESr). This treatment relieves LUTS to the same extent as α1-adrenoceptor antagonists and short-term 5α-reductase inhibitors. Limited evidence is available on the effect of other mainstream LUTS/BPH treatments on persistent PIS.

Conclusions
Persistent PIS plays a central role in both the development and progression of LUTS/BPH. In men with LUTS/BPH who have a high chance of harbouring persistent PIS, HESr will not only improve LUTS, but also reduce (underlying) inflammation. Well-designed clinical studies, with a good level of evidence, are required to better evaluate the impact of BPH/LUTS medical therapies on persistent PIS.
Ballistic research techniques: visualizing gunshot wounding patterns
Authors: Stevenson Tom , Carr Debra J. , Harrison Karl , Critchley Richard , Gibb Iain E. , Stapley Sarah A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere are difficulties associated with mapping gunshot wound (GSW) patterns within opaque models. Depending on the damage measurement parameters required, there are multiple techniques that can provide methods of “seeing” the GSW pattern within an opaque model. The aim of this paper was to test several of these techniques within a cadaveric animal limb model to determine the most effective. The techniques of interest were flash X-ray, ultrasound, physical dissection, and computed-tomography (CT). Fallow deer hind limbs were chosen for the model with four limbs used for each technique tested. Quarantined 7.62 × 39 mm ammunition was used for each shot, and each limb was only shot once, on an outdoor range with shots impacting at muzzle velocity. Flash X-ray provided evidence of yaw within the limb during the projectile’s flight; ultrasound though able to visualise the GSW track, was too subjective and was abandoned; dissection proved too unreliable due to the tissue being cadaveric so also too subjective; and lastly, CT with contrast provided excellent imaging in multiple viewing planes and 3D image reconstruction; this allowed versatile measurement of the GSW pattern to collect dimensions of damage as required. Of the different techniques examined in this study, CT with contrast proved the most effective to allow precise GSW pattern analysis within a cadaveric animal limb model. These findings may be beneficial to others wishing to undertake further ballistic study both within clinical and forensic fields.
Parechovirus A prevalence in adults in The Netherlands
Authors: Brouwer Lieke , Wolthers Katja C. , Pajkrt Dasja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman parechoviruses (HPeV) of the species Parechovirus A are highly prevalent disease-causing pathogens in children worldwide. HPeVs are capable of causing severe disease in adults as well, but the prevalence in adults may be much lower. The aim of our present study was to determine the prevalence of HPeV in clinical samples from adults sent in for diagnostic procedures in a tertiary hospital in the Netherlands. From a total of 10,645 samples obtained from 6175 patients, 20 samples from 11 patients (0.18%) tested positive for HPeV by RT-PCR. Two patients were positive for HPeV-1, two for HPeV-3, and one for HPeV-6. Six HPeVs could not be typed. Eight of the 11 HPeV-positive patients were immunocompromised. Due to comorbidity, we were unable to attribute the patients’ clinical symptoms to the HPeV infection. The HPeV prevalence in adults found in this study is low compared to HPeV prevalence in children. This may be largely explained by the high seropositivity rates in adults, although there could be other mechanisms involved.
Chronic health conditions and work-related stress in older adults participating in the Dutch workforce
Authors: Mutambudzi Miriam , Henkens Kene 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe proportion of workers with chronic health conditions (CHCs) will increase over the years as pension reform is increasing the age of retirement in many European countries. This will increase the percentage of older adults with CHCs performing highly demanding work. This study sought to examine the association between common CHCs [cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, arthritis, respiratory and sleep disorders] and three domains of work stress in older Dutch workers. This study used data from the first wave of the NIDI Pension Panel Study for working adults aged 60–65 years (n = 6793). Logistic regression models examined the strength of association between CHCs and (1) general work stress, (2) emotional, and (3) physical demands. All five CHC were independently associated with one or more domains of stress. After including all CHCs in the model, CVD, sleep disorders, and arthritis were significantly associated with general stress. Respiratory disorders, sleep disorders, and arthritis were significantly associated with physical demands. Diabetes (1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.53), sleep disorders (1.99, 95% CI 1.72–2.31), and arthritis (1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.31) were significantly associated with emotional demands. Our findings demonstrate that work stress is associated with prevalent CHCs, and these conditions are differentially associated with several domains of work stress in adults approaching retirement. More research is needed to understand the causal relationship between CHCs and work stress. Such research may provide insights for effective workplace and public health interventions to ensure that older workers remain physically and mentally healthy, and productive through their working years.
Permutations on finite fields with invariant cycle structure on lines
Authors: Gerike Daniel , Kyureghyan Gohar M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the cycle structure of permutations $$F(x)=x+\gamma f(x)$$

F
(
x
)
=
x
+
γ
f
(
x
)

on $$\mathbb {F}_{q^n}$$

F

q
n

, where $$f :\mathbb {F}_{q^n} \rightarrow \mathbb {F}_q$$

f
:

F

q
n

→

F
q

. We show that for a 1-homogeneous function f the cycle structure of F can be determined by calculating the cycle structure of certain induced mappings on parallel lines of $$\gamma \mathbb {F}_q$$

γ

F
q

. Using this observation we describe explicitly the cycle structure of two families of permutations over $$\mathbb {F}_{q^2}$$

F

q
2

: $$x+\gamma {{\,\mathrm{Tr}\,}}(x^{2q-1})$$

x
+
γ

Tr

(

x

2
q
-
1

)

, where $$q\equiv -1 \pmod 3$$

q
≡
-
1

(
mod

3
)

and $$\gamma \in \mathbb {F}_{q^2}$$

γ
∈

F

q
2

, with $$\gamma ^3=-\frac{1}{27}$$

γ
3

=
-

1
27

and $$x+\gamma {{\,\mathrm{Tr}\,}}\left( x^{\frac{2^{2s-1}+3\cdot 2^{s-1}+1}{3}}\right) $$

x
+
γ

Tr

x

2

2
s
-
1

+
3
·

2

s
-
1

+
1

3

, where $$q=2^s$$

q
=

2
s

, s odd and $$\gamma \in \mathbb {F}_{q^2}$$

γ
∈

F

q
2

, with $$\gamma ^{(q+1)/3}=1$$

γ

(
q
+
1
)
/
3

=
1

.
Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Left Upper Lobectomy with “Reverse Direction” Technique
Authors: Lou Xuanyu , Huang Lijian , Wu Yimin , Chai Ying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe uniportal access video-assisted thoracic surgery has now become an increasingly popular approach to manage thoracic surgical diseases. Among all lobes, left upper lobectomy is considered a difficult procedure via a single incision. Although there are many reports on this technique, standard procedure has not come to an agreement yet. A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for finding of a left upper lobe lesion for 2 months. No abnormal signs were observed in physical and laboratorial tests. A ground-glass opacity nodule was detected on the left upper lobe on computed tomography. No enlarged lymph nodes or distant metastasis was detected. Early-stage lung cancer was initially diagnosed in this patient. Contrast with traditional uniportal left upper lobectomy procedures, our procedure has a reversed order of dissection. The arterial branches were divided first; then, the upper bronchus, the apicoposterior artery, and upper vein was stapled together at last. On our observation and experience, this procedure can simplify the uniportal left upper lobectomy procedure and reduce operation time potentially. Additionally, we would like to introduce our improved closure technique for uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery: double-embedding stitching method.
Does Sexual Orientation Complicate the Relationship Between Marital Status and Gender With Self-rated Health and Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Solazzo Alexa , Gorman Bridget , Denney Justin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA substantial body of work has demonstrated the importance of marital status for health, yet the vast majority of this work has studied heterosexual marriages and relationships. To understand the role of marital status in shaping health among heterosexual, lesbian, gay, and bisexual men and women, we examine data from a probability-based sample of adults living in 40 U.S. states for selected years between 2011–2015. We test two physical health outcomes—poor-to-fair self-rated health and cardiovascular disease—and present predicted probabilities and pairwise comparisons from logistic regression models before and after adjustment for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and depression. Overall, findings reveal some important similarities and differences in the relationships between marital status and health by sexual orientation and gender. First, the health benefits of marriage extend to sexual minority adults, relative to adults who are either formerly or never married. Among heterosexual adults, adjusted models also highlight the healthy status of never-married adults. Second, the health benefits associated with intimate relationships appear less dependent on legal marriage among sexual minorities than among heterosexual adults. Third, we document a persistent health disadvantage for bisexual adults compared with heterosexual adults, particularly among women who are formerly married, indicating some elevated health vulnerability among selected sexual minority women. Fourth, associations between sexual orientation and health are more similar across marital status groups for men than women. Altogether, these findings add much needed nuance to our understanding of the association between marital status and health in an era of increasing diversity in adult relationships.
Pushing the boundaries of C–H bond functionalization chemistry using flow technology
Authors: Govaerts Sebastian , Nyuchev Alexander , Noel Timothy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractC–H functionalization chemistry is one of the most vibrant research areas within synthetic organic chemistry. While most researchers focus on the development of small-scale batch-type transformations, more recently such transformations have been carried out in flow reactors to explore new chemical space, to boost reactivity or to enable scalability of this important reaction class. Herein, an up-to-date overview of C–H bond functionalization reactions carried out in continuous-flow microreactors is presented. A comprehensive overview of reactions which establish the formal conversion of a C–H bond into carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds is provided; this includes metal-assisted C–H bond cleavages, hydrogen atom transfer reactions and C–H bond functionalizations which involve an SE-type process to aromatic or olefinic systems. Particular focus is devoted to showcase the advantages of flow processing to enhance C–H bond functionalization chemistry. Consequently, it is our hope that this review will serve as a guide to inspire researchers to push the boundaries of C–H functionalization chemistry using flow technology.
On the Thermodynamic Stability of Illite and I-S Minerals
Authors: Aja Stephen U. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA review of the models proffered to advance the notion of the metastability of illite shows that these models are not supported by the various data groups that have become available. Given that clay minerals are products of water–rock interactions, low-temperature hydrothermal experiments provide singular insights into their relative stabilities; such experiments with natural materials of contrasting pedigree (illites, sericites, muscovites, and chlorites) show that clay-mineral behaviors in low-temperature hydrothermal solutions are amenable to equilibrium thermodynamic conventions. The data from hydrothermal experiments coupled with data from geothermal fields indicate that muscovite is not a stable phase in the P-T-X range in which authigenic illite occurs; given that experimental data and field occurrence suggest that muscovite and illite have different P-T stability regimes, the continued use of muscovite as a proxy for illite in thermodynamic models is of questionable utility. Furthermore, morphometric studies of clays undergoing illitization show that crystal-size distributions exhibit log-normal patterns. Because log-normal distributions derive from maximum entropy effects, these crystal-size distributions may reflect the effects of entropy production during crystallization rather than kinetically driven Ostwald ripening of illitic phases; the small crystal size of clay minerals may derive from constraints imposed by the physicochemical conditions of their environments of formation. Presumably, irreversible thermodynamics provides the framework for a quantitative understanding of the evolution of complex clay minerals in space and time.
New advances in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Shen Hang , Xu Zhi‐Xin , Li Qi‐Fu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of endocrine hypertension. The diagnostic process of PA includes a screening test, confirmatory test, and subtype classification. In this review, we have summarized the latest advances in the diagnosis of PA with regard to screening and confirmatory tests and provided some recommendations to improve clinical practice.
The J.H. Kwabena Nketia Archive at the University of Ghana- Legon
Authors: Opoku-Boateng Judith , Cann Ekow , Ntewusu Samuel Aniegye , Owusu Sandra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract:This report is on the J.H. Kwabena Nketia Archive at the University of Ghana, Legon, Accra. In the light of growing destruction of public archives in Ghana, mainly due to chieftaincy and land litigation but also because of the lack of a proper maintenance culture, this report will suggest that other, non-conventional archives, such as the J.H. Kwabena Nketia Archive should be explored by historians and researchers. This report highlights the contribution of J.H. Kwabena Nketia who sought to preserve information that is crucial at a time when the world seems to be abandoning most of the most important and significant aspects of Africa’s cultural and artistic history.
SINGLE-PARTY INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE IN VIETNAM: A CONJOINT SURVEY ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC ELECTORAL SUPPORT
Authors: Malesky Edmund , Schuler Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhy do voters in single-party regimes express support for the ruling party in such large numbers? Scholars offer three sets of explanations: 1) Support is manipulated by regime leaders or falsified by frightened voters; 2) Support is due to genuine popularity or “performance legitimacy”; 3) The incumbent party holds an extreme incumbency advantage due to voters’ certainty about their candidates’ policy positions or access to state resources. Despite the impressive theoretical development in this literature, these arguments have not been subjected to a research design capable of examining the relative importance of each of these factors. We use a unique survey experiment on nearly 42,000 Vietnamese citizens over three years that reduces the threat of preference falsification and allows us to isolate voter's true preferences as much as possible. While we find some evidence for all three explanations, we find substantial support for incumbency bias. An important subset of Vietnamese voters—those inclined to vote for non-party candidates—sincerely favor the party under conditions of uncertainty about the candidates’ policy stances or experience in the legislature.
A Family Matter Asymmetrical Metonymy and Regional LGBT Discourse in Italy
Authors: Fugazzola Caterina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this project, I use the LGBT movement in Italy as a case study to investigate how social movements in culturally diverse social environments strategically employ contentious language to develop discourses that maximize cultural and policy outcomes without encountering discursive fragmentation. My research shows that supporters of LGBT civil rights in different Italian regions relied on a tactical use of particular words in order to respond to regionally specific norms of cultural expression regulating the boundaries drawn around the concept of family. Taking a cultural and linguistic approach to the study of social movements, I present the mechanism of asymmetrical metonymy as an example of the strategic use of polysemic language to achieve discursive convergence through culturally specific tactics, and I argue that discourse and rhetorical analysis offer a way to understand how movements make sense of different cultural limitations in a fragmented social environment.