bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal impact of gender-affirming endocrine intervention on the mental health and well-being of transgender youths: preliminary results
Authors: Achille Christal , Taggart Tenille , Eaton Nicholas R. , Osipoff Jennifer , Tafuri Kimberly , Lane Andrew , Wilson Thomas A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background/aims
Transgender youths experience high rates of depression and suicidal ideation compared to cisgender peers. Previous studies indicate that endocrine and/or surgical interventions are associated with improvements to mental health in adult transgender individuals. We examined the associations of endocrine intervention (puberty suppression and/or cross sex hormone therapy) with depression and quality of life scores over time in transgender youths.

Methods
At approximately 6-month intervals, participants completed depression and quality of life questionnaires while participating in endocrine intervention. Multiple linear regression and residualized change scores were used to compare outcomes.

Results
Between 2013 and 2018, 50 participants (mean age 16.2 + 2.2 yr) who were naïve to endocrine intervention completed 3 waves of questionnaires. Mean depression scores and suicidal ideation decreased over time while mean quality of life scores improved over time. When controlling for psychiatric medications and engagement in counseling, regression analysis suggested improvement with endocrine intervention. This reached significance in male-to-female participants.

Conclusion
Endocrine intervention may improve mental health in transgender youths in the US. This effect was observed in both male-to-female and female-to-male youths, but appears stronger in the former.
Well-posedness for 3D nematic liquid crystal flows with damping
Authors: Liu Hui , Sun Chengfeng , Xin Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe three-dimensional nematic liquid crystal flows with damping are considered in this paper. The existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for the 3D nematic liquid crystal flows with damping are proved for $\beta\geq4$β≥4 with any $\alpha>0$α>0.
Solvability and optimal stabilization controls of discrete-time mean-field stochastic system with infinite horizon
Authors: Song Teng , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe paper addresses the optimal control and stabilization problems for the indefinite discrete-time mean-field system over infinite horizon. Firstly, we show the convergence of the generalized algebraic Riccati equations (GAREs) and establish their compact form GARE. By dealing with the GARE, we derive the existence of the maximal solution to the original GAREs along with the fact that the maximal solution is the stabilizing solution. Then, the maximal solution is employed to design the linear-quadratic (LQ) optimal controller and the optimal value of the control problem. Specifically, we deduce that under the assumption of exact observability, the mean-field system is$L^{2}$L2-stabilizable if and only if the GAREs have a solution, which is also the maximal solution. By semi-definite programming (SDP) method, the solvability of the GAREs is discussed. Our results generalize and improve previous results. Finally, some numerical examples are exploited to illustrate the validity of the obtained results.
A maximum principle for fully coupled controlled forward–backward stochastic difference systems of mean-field type
Authors: Song Teng , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the optimal control problem for fully coupled forward–backward stochastic difference equations of mean-field type under weak convexity assumption. By virtue of employing a suitable product rule and formulating a mean-field backward stochastic difference equation, we establish the stochastic maximum principle and also derive, under additional assumptions, that the stochastic maximum principle is also a sufficient condition. As an application, a Stackelberg game of mean-field backward stochastic difference equation is presented to demonstrate our results.
Compact finite difference method to numerically solving a stochastic fractional advection-diffusion equation
Authors: Sweilam N. H. , El-Sakout D. M. , Muttardi M. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a stochastic space fractional advection diffusion equation of Itô type with one-dimensional white noise process is presented. The fractional derivative is defined in the sense of Caputo. A stochastic compact finite difference method is used to study the proposed model numerically. Stability analysis and consistency for the stochastic compact finite difference scheme are proved. Two test examples are given to test the performance of the proposed method. Numerical simulations show that the results obtained are compatible with the exact solutions and with the solutions derived in the literature.
A balancing act: a window into online student engagement experiences
Authors: Farrell Orna , Brunton James 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article reports on a qualitative study which explored online student engagement experiences in a higher education institution. There are very few studies providing in-depth perspectives on the engagement experiences of online students. The project adopted a case study approach, following 24 online students over one academic year. The setting for the study was an undergraduate online Humanities programme at Dublin City University. The research question for the study was:What themes are central to online student engagement experiences?Data was collected from participant-generated learning portfolios and semi-structured interviews and analysed following a data-led thematic approach. The five central themes that make up the study’s findings highlight key issues of students’ sense of community, their support networks, balancing study with life, confidence, and their learning approaches. The findings of this study indicate that successful online student engagement was influenced by a number of psychosocial factors such as peer community, an engaging online teacher, and confidence and by structural factors such as lifeload and course design. One limitation of the study is that it is a relatively small, qualitative study, its findings provide insights into how online degrees can support online students to achieve successful and engaging learning experiences.
Long-term effect of cognitive–behavioural therapy in patients with Hypochondriacal Disorder
Authors: Veddegjærde Kari-Elise Frøystad , Sivertsen Børge , Skogen Jens Christoffer , Smith Otto Robert Frans , Wilhelmsen Ingvard 
Published: April 2020

Background
Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for Hypochondriacal Disorder, but the long-term effect has not been examined extensively.

Aims
To investigate the long-term effect of CBT on Hypochondriacal Disorder using several mental health measures. Follow-up time was at least 10 years.

Method
A total of 50 patients with a long history of Hypochondriacal Disorder, diagnosed according to ICD-10, received 16 sessions of individual CBT and were followed up with an uncontrolled design. All participants were assessed before and after the intervention period, and 10 years later. Intention-to-treat mixed-model repeated-measures analysis were conducted. The study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00959452.

Results
Patients displayed significant improvements across all outcomes, including level of health anxiety, somatisation, symptoms of anxiety and depression, quality of life, somatisation at treatment completion. Treatment gains were well maintained 10 years later.

Conclusions
This uncontrolled treatment study suggests that patients treated with CBT for Hypochondriacal Disorder have significantly reduced health anxiety 1 year after treatment completion and the results are maintained 10 years later. The results indicate that CBT has a lasting effect, but the lack of a control group and use of only one therapist, means that care should be taken when generalising the findings.
Low Overall Survival in Women With De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer: Does This Reflect Tumor Biology or a Lack of Access to Health Care?
Authors: Soares Leonardo R. , Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Curado Maria P. , Paulinelli Regis R. , Martins Edesio , Oliveira José C. 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE As a result of its epidemiologic and therapeutic aspects, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is a highly relevant clinical condition. This study aimed to estimate overall survival (OS) in women with de novo MBC in a Brazilian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were identified in the Goiânia population-based cancer registry between 1995 and 2011. All women with metastatic disease at diagnosis were included in the study. OS was analyzed at 5 and 10 years of follow-up. We used the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox regression for statistical analysis. RESULTS Over the 16-year period covered by the study, 5,289 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in Goiânia. Of these, 277 women (5.2%) had MBC. OS rates at 5 and 10 years were 19.9% and 7.3%, respectively. The mean OS time of women treated in the public health system was 7.5 months shorter than in women who had private health care (19.7 v 27.2 months, respectively). In the univariable analysis, the following factors were statistically significant for OS: T3/4 staging, histologic grade 3, progesterone receptor status, tumor phenotype, breast surgery, CNS metastasis at initial presentation, and surgery for resection of metastasis. In multivariable analysis, initial CNS metastasis (hazard ratio, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.16 to 8.19) and breast surgery (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.78) remained independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION OS was lower than rates found in specialist centers in Brazil and in developed countries. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors were significant in predicting OS. Despite the difference in the 5-year survival rate, the type of access to health care was not significant in the multivariable analysis of the entire period.
Zebrafish as a tool to study schizophrenia-associated copy number variants
Authors: Campbell Philip D. , Granato Michael 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Schizophrenia remains one of the most debilitating human neurodevelopmental disorders, with few effective treatments and striking consequences felt by individuals, communities and society as a whole. As such, there remains a critical need for further investigation into the mechanistic underpinnings of schizophrenia so that novel therapeutic targets can be identified. Because schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder, genetic risk factors remain an attractive avenue for this research. Given their clear molecular genetic consequences, recurrent microdeletions and duplications, or copy number variants (CNVs), represent one of the most tractable genetic entry points to elucidating these mechanisms. To date, eight CNVs have been shown to significantly increase the risk of schizophrenia. Although rodent models of these CNVs that exhibit behavioral phenotypes have been generated, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Over the past decades, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful vertebrate model that has led to fundamental discoveries in developmental neurobiology and behavioral genetics. Here, we review the attributes that make zebrafish exceptionally well suited to investigating individual and combinatorial gene contributions to CNV-mediated brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. With highly conserved genetics and neural substrates, an ever-expanding molecular genetic and imaging toolkit, and ability to perform high-throughput and high-content genetic and pharmacologic screens, zebrafish is poised to generate deep insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms of schizophrenia-associated neurodevelopmental and behavioral deficits, and to facilitate the identification of therapeutic targets.
Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Urooj Uzma , Ansari Asma , Siraj Asifa , Khan Sumaira , Tariq Humaira 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the expectations and fears faced by doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic.
Methods: This is a mixed method exploratory survey. A questionnaire exploring expectations of doctors from administration and seniors as well as their fears while working during pandemic, was developed on Google survey Forms. It included eight closed ended questions and four open ended questions. Data was collected through online Google survey Forms during month of March and April 2020. Doctors were approached through email and WhatsApp group.
Results: The mean age of participants was 33.58±4.21 years. Female 150(67.5%) and Male 72(32.4%) participated. 29(13.1%) Associate Professor, 34(15.3%) Assistant Professor, 56(25.2%) Senior Residents and 103(46.3%) residents, medical officers and house officers responded to the survey. 134(60.3%) doctors were working in hospitals which were not dealing with Covid-19. Fear included, infecting family members 177(79.7%), rapid spread of disease 140(63%), complications of disease 134(60.3%), becoming a carrier in 64(28.8%) and 62(27.9%) feared missing the diagnosis. More than 80% expected from seniors and administration, of providing PPE, facilitation, continue chain of supply of essential items, ensuring doctor safety, avoiding exposure of all doctors and keeping reserve workforce, limiting routine checkups, avoid panic and 20% had no expectations.
Conclusion: It was concluded that doctors had their fears and perceptions regarding pandemic which need to be addressed while policy making. They fear wellbeing of their families and contacting Covid-19, if not provided proper PPE. Our study provides insight of expectations, fears and perceptions of our frontline which invariably gives insight of the views of healthcare workers.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2643
How to cite this:Urooj U, Ansari A, Siraj A, Khan S, Tariq H. Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S37-S42. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2643
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Educação ambiental: um itinerário para a preservação do meio ambiente e a qualidade de vida nas cidades
Authors: Monteiro Adriana Roseno 
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo faz uma discussão acerca da utilização da educação ambiental para a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente e a qualidade de vida da população, tendo em vista, que desvendar a dinâmica ambiental através das múltiplas ações dos atores envolvidos é essencial neste processo. Portanto, os estudos acerca do meio ambiente, em particular, inserem-se de modo especialmente relevante no debate contemporâneo. Por conseguinte, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal enfocar a importância da utilização da educação ambiental para a preservação do meio ambiente e para a qualidade de vida nas cidades. Com vistas a alcançar o objetivo proposto, esta pesquisa está alicerçada em um viés qualitativo em que os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram a revisão bibliográfica e documental, que são essenciais para subsidiar todas as etapas de um trabalho científico. Desse modo, esta pesquisa permitiu percebermos que é prioritária as mudanças de posturas, de hábitos e de costumes em relação aos problemas ambientais e que a educação ambiental se projeta como um mecanismo de grande relevância para a formação de sociedades ecologicamente equilibradas e em harmonia com meio ambiente.
Some bounds arising from a polynomial ideal associated to any $t$-design
Authors: J. MARTIN William , R. STINSON Douglas 
Published: April 2020

We consider ordered pairs $(X,\mathcal{B})$ where $X$ is a finite set of size $v$ and $\mathcal{B}$ is some collection
of $k$-element subsets of $X$ such that every $t$-element subset of $X$ is contained in exactly $\lambda$
``blocks'' $B\in \mathcal{B}$ for some fixed $\lambda$. We represent each block $B$ by a zero-one vector $\bc_B$ of
length $v$ and explore the ideal $\mathcal{I}(\mathcal{B})$ of polynomials in $v$ variables with complex coefficients which vanish on
the set $\{ \bc_B \mid B \in \mathcal{B}\}$. After setting up the basic theory, we investigate two parameters related to
this ideal: $\gamma_1(\mathcal{B})$ is the smallest degree of a non-trivial polynomial in the ideal $\mathcal{I}(\mathcal{B})$
and $\gamma_2(\mathcal{B})$ is the smallest integer $s$ such that $\mathcal{I}(\mathcal{B})$ is generated by a set of polynomials
of degree at most $s$. We first prove the general bounds $t/2 < \gamma_1(\mathcal{B}) \le \gamma_2(\mathcal{B}) \le k$.
Examining important families of examples, we find that, for symmetric 2-designs and
Steiner systems, we have $\gamma_2(\mathcal{B}) \le t$. But we expect $\gamma_2(\mathcal{B})$
to be closer to $k$ for less structured designs and we indicate this by constructing infinitely many
triple systems satisfying $\gamma_2(\mathcal{B})=k$.
Noise evolution with the phase-sensitive gain in a hybrid fiber phase-sensitive amplifier
Authors: Liu Zhanchang , Chen Zhirong , Guo Xiaojie , Du Jiangbing , Li Zhaohui 
Published: April 2020

We investigate the noise evolution of a hybrid fiber phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) as a function of the phase-sensitive gain. The noise performance of the hybrid amplifier with a large overall gain of 45.6 dB is experimentally evaluated in optical and electrical domains. The experimental results are in good agreement with theory, showing that significant improvement of the overall noise figure (NF) of the hybrid amplifier occurs in a low PSA gain region. A combined NF below 3 dB has been obtained in the hybrid amplifier with a PSA gain of 9 dB, which is 1.1 dB better than a conventional EDFA with an equivalent overall gain.
Conteúdo de Matemática no Exame de Admissão: memórias de professoras aposentadas
Authors: Santiago Zélia Maria de Arruda , Figueirêdo Maria de Fátima Caldas de 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo discute o conteúdo da Matemática em vigor no Exame de Admissão ao Ginásio, adotado no sistema escolar brasileiro nas décadas 40-70 do século XX, tendo-se como referencial de análise narrativas de professoras pedagogas aposentadas e o livro de admissão por elas utilizado. As narrativas revelam experiências da formação continuada condicionada a sua aprovação, nelas, verificando-se conteúdos matemáticos adotados ou não no manual de admissão analisado. Esta discussão funda-se na abordagem qualitativa ao interpretar fontes bibliográficas, documentais e orais. Ao estabelecer uma relação entre as narrativas das professoras e as propostas do conteúdo matemático contidos no manual do Exame de Admissão, constatam-se conteúdos distantes da sua formação escolar e prática docente. Verifica-se que as professoras enfrentaram situações pedagógicas desafiadoras à formação docente, pois deveriam aprender conteúdos não vivenciados na formação escolar e atuação docente.
Optimizing The Utilization of FIlter Pressmud to Increase Plant Nutrient Uptake in The Production of Granule Compound Fertilizers
Authors: Kasmadi Kasmadi , Nugroho Budi , Sutandi Atang , Anwar Syaiful 
Published: April 2020

Filter pressmud is the waste most considered to pollute the environment and is a problem for sugar factories and the community. There is also an opinion that filter pressmud is worthless waste and considered as B3 waste. Filter pressmud is an organic material with abundant and has not been used optimally. Filter pressmud contains nutrients that are needed by plants, so it is very good for increasing the composition of nutrients in granule compound fertilizer. The objectives to be achieved in this study are: to examine the effect of the addition of filter pressmud on the production process of granule compound fertilizer on plant nutrient uptake. The results obtained, the addition of filler blotong 60% -90% in the treatment using SOP can increase N uptake by 84.93-384.18 mg, P uptake of 2.65-11.62 mg, and K uptake of 25.04- 82.38 mg. Whereas the treatment using KCl had a positive influence on the addition of filler filter pressmud by 70%, with an increase in N, P and K nutrient uptake of 45.62 mg, 3.87 mg and 4.89 mg, respectively
Pengolahan Air Sumur Bor Menggunakan Adsorben Fly-ash/ Zeolit dan Ultrafiltrasi
Authors: Nasir Subriyer , Damayanti Atikah , Nugraha Rizki , Putra Roma Dhona Indra , Prabowo Agung , Hakki Helmi 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan adsorben sebagai pengolahan awal sebelum proses ultrafiltrasi untuk pengolahan air sumur bor menjadi air layak konsumsi. Variabel proses yang diteliti adalah waktu operasi dan laju alir air umpan menuju membran ultrafiltrasi. Parameter kualitas air yang menjadi fokus adalah pH, turbidity, kadar nitrat, Fe, dan Mn serta bakteri e-coli dan coliform. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa kombinasi fly-ash dan ultrafiltrasi dapat meningkatkan pH air sumur bor dari 5,43 menjadi 7,0-8,1 dengan persentase penurunan turbiditi mencapai 98,80% sedangkan kombinasi zeolit dengan ultrafiltrasi dapat meningkatkan pH sampel menjadi 7,1 sampai 7,3 dengan penurunan turbiditi sebesar 99,71%. Penggunaan adsorben sebelum membran ultrafiltrasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas air sehingga menjadi layak konsumsi.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA YOGHURT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN NANAS MADU (Ananas Comosus Mer.) DAN EKSTRAK KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum Burmanni)
Authors: Kusumawati Inmas , Purwanti Rachma , Afifah Diana Nur 
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dan aktivitas antioksidan pada yoghurt dengan penambahan nanas madu dan ekstrak kayu manis. Metode : Penelitian eksperimental dengan sampel yoghurt dengan penambahan nanas madu (0%, 20%, 40% dan 60%) dan ekstrak kayu manis (2% dan 4%). Protein dianalisis dengan metode Bradford, lemak dianalisis dengan metode soxhlet, kadar air dianalisis dengan metode oven, kadar abu dianalisis dengan metode Drying Ash, karbohidrat dianalisis dengan metode Carbohydrate by different, kandungan vitamin C dianalisis dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan metode DPPH, sedangkan uji organoleptik dianalisis dengan uji hedonik. Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil kandungan protein tertinggi sebesar 4,62 mg, kandungan lemak tertinggi sebesar 3,10 mg, kandungan kadar air tertinggi sebesar 84%, kandungan kadar abu tertinggi sebesar 4,54% ,kandungan karbohidrat tertinggi sebesar 19,51%, sedangkan kandungan vitamin C dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 4,29 mg dan 62,4%. Simpulan : Berdasarkan skoring yang dilakukan peneliti dengan mempertimbangkan kandungan yang sesuai dengan SNI dan tingkat penerimaan konsumen yoghurt dengan penambahan nanas madu dan ekstrak kayu manis sebanyak 60% dan 2% (sampel N60K1) adalah yang paling direkomendasikan.