bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad-complex transcription factor mediates opposing hormonal regulation of two phylogenetically distant arginine kinase genes in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Zhang Nan , Jiang Heng , Meng Xiangkun , Qian Kun , Liu Yaping , Song Qisheng , Stanley David , Wu Jincai , Park Yoonseong , Wang Jianjun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe phosphoarginine-arginine kinase shuttle system plays a critical role in maintaining insect cellular energy homeostasis. Insect molting and metamorphosis are coordinated by fluctuations of the ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone. However, the hormonal regulation of insect arginine kinases remain largely elusive. In this report, we comparatively characterized two arginine kinase genes, TcAK1 and TcAK2, in Tribolium castaneum. Functional analysis using RNAi showed that TcAK1 and TcAK2 play similar roles in adult fertility and stress response. TcAK1 was detected in cytoplasm including mitochondria, whereas TcAK2 was detected in cytoplasm excluding mitochondria. Interestingly, TcAK1 expression was negatively regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone and positively by juvenile hormone, whereas TcAK2 was regulated by the opposite pattern. RNAi, dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay further revealed that the opposite hormonal regulation of TcAK1 and TcAK2 was mediated by transcription factor Broad-Complex. Finally, relatively stable AK activities were observed during larval-pupal metamorphosis, which was generally consistent with the constant ATP levels. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the ATP homeostasis in insects by revealing opposite hormonal regulation of two phylogenetically distant arginine kinase genes.
Tissue-scale tensional homeostasis in skin regulates structure and physiological function
Authors: Kimura Shun , Tsuchiya Ayako , Ogawa Miho , Ono Miki , Suda Nao , Sekimoto Kaori , Takeo Makoto , Tsuji Takashi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTensional homeostasis is crucial for organ and tissue development, including the establishment of morphological and functional properties. Skin plays essential roles in waterproofing, cushioning and protecting deeper tissues by forming internal tension-distribution patterns, which involves aligning various cells, appendages and extracellular matrices (ECMs). The balance of traction force is thought to contribute to the formation of strong and pliable physical structures that maintain their integrity and flexibility. Here, by using a human skin equivalent (HSE), the horizontal tension-force balance of the dermal layer was found to clearly improve HSE characteristics, such as the physical relationship between cells and the ECM. The tension also promoted skin homeostasis through the activation of mechano-sensitive molecules such as ROCK and MRTF-A, and these results compared favourably to what was observed in tension-released models. Tension-induced HSE will contribute to analyze skin physiological functions regulated by tensional homeostasis as an alternative animal model.
Modeling synchronization in forced turbulent oscillator flows
Authors: Herrmann Benjamín , Oswald Philipp , Semaan Richard , Brunton Steven L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeriodically forced, oscillatory fluid flows have been the focus of intense research for decades due to their richness as a nonlinear dynamical system and their relevance to applications in transportation, aeronautics, and energy conversion. Here we derive a mechanistic model of the dynamics of forced turbulent oscillator flows by leveraging a comprehensive experimental study of the turbulent wake behind a D-shaped body under periodic forcing. We confirm the role of resonant triadic interactions in the forced flow by studying the dominant components in the power spectra across multiple excitation frequencies and amplitudes. We then develop an extended Stuart-Landau model that captures the system dynamics and synchronization regions. Further, it is possible to identify the model coefficients from sparse measurement data.
Driving positron beam acceleration with coherent transition radiation
Authors: Xu Zhangli , Yi Longqing , Shen Baifei , Xu Jiancai , Ji Liangliang , Xu Tongjun , Zhang Lingang , Li Shun , Xu Zhizhan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPositron acceleration in plasma wakefield faces significant challenges, as the positron beam must be pre-generated and precisely coupled into the wakefield and, most critically, suffers from defocusing issues. Here we propose a scheme that utilizes laser-driven electrons to produce, inject, and accelerate positrons in a single setup. The high-charge electron beam from wakefield acceleration creates copious electron–positron pairs via the Bethe–Heitler process, followed by enormous coherent transition radiation due to the electrons’ exiting from the metallic foil. Simulation results show that the coherent transition radiation field reaches up to tens of GV m−1, which captures and accelerates the positrons to cut-off energy of 1.5 GeV with energy peak of 500 MeV (energy spread ~ 24.3%). An external longitudinal magnetic field of 30 T is also applied to guide the electrons and positrons during the acceleration process. This proposed method offers a promising way to obtain GeV fast positron sources.
Complex rupture dynamics on an immature fault during the 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake, Turkey
Authors: Gallovič František , Zahradník Jiří , Plicka Vladimír , Sokos Efthimios , Evangelidis Christos , Fountoulakis Ioannis , Turhan Fatih 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhysical laws governing friction on shallow faults in the Earth and spatial heterogeneity of parameters are critical to our understanding of earthquake physics and the assessment of earthquake hazards. Here we use a laboratory-derived fault-friction law and high-quality strong-motion seismic recordings of the 2020 Elazığ earthquake, Turkey, to reveal the complex rupture dynamics. We discover an initial Mw 5.8 rupture stage and explain how cascading behavior of the event, involving at least three episodes, each of M > 6, caused it to evolve into a large earthquake, contrarily to other M5+ events on this part of the East Anatolian Fault. Although the dynamic stress transfer during the rupture did not overcome the strength of the uppermost ~5 kilometers, surface ruptures during future earthquakes cannot be ruled out. We foresee that future, routine dynamic inversions will improve understanding of earthquake rupture parameters, an essential component of modern, physics-based earthquake hazard assessment.
Ebselen prevents cigarette smoke-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice
Authors: Balasuriya Gayathri K. , Mohsenipour Mitra , Brassington Kurt , Dobric Aleksandar , De Luca Simone N. , Mou Kevin , Seow Huei Jiunn , Lee Chalystha Yie Qin , Herath Madushani , Chan Stanley M.H. , Vlahos Ross , Hill-Yardin Elisa L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for which a major cause is cigarette smoking (CS). The underlying mechanisms and precise effects of CS on gut contractility, however, are not fully characterised. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether CS impacts GI function and structure in a mouse model of CS-induced COPD. We also aimed to investigate GI function in the presence of ebselen, an antioxidant that has shown beneficial effects on lung inflammation resulting from CS exposure. Mice were exposed to CS for 2 or 6 months. GI structure was analysed by histology and immunofluorescence. After 2 months of CS exposure, ex vivo gut motility was analysed using video-imaging techniques to examine changes in colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs). CS decreased colon length in mice. Mice exposed to CS for 2 months had a higher frequency of CMMCs and a reduced resting colonic diameter but no change in enteric neuron numbers. Ten days cessation after 2 months CS reversed CMMC frequency changes but not the reduced colonic diameter phenotype. Ebselen treatment reversed the CS-induced reduction in colonic diameter. After 6 months CS, the number of myenteric nitric-oxide producing neurons was significantly reduced. This is the first evidence of colonic dysmotility in a mouse model of CS-induced COPD. Dysmotility after 2 months CS is not due to altered neuron numbers; however, prolonged CS-exposure significantly reduced enteric neuron numbers in mice. Further research is needed to assess potential therapeutic applications of ebselen in GI dysfunction in COPD.
Lifetime Exposure to Recreational Swimming Training and its Effects on Autonomic Responses
Authors: Piras Alessandro , Cortesi Matteo , Di Michele Rocco , Trofè Aurelio , Raffi Milena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of long-term recreational swimming training on the cardiac autonomic responses in the healthy population. 70 habitual recreational swimmers (48.6±14.3 yrs.) and 60 sedentary adults (51.5±10.4 yrs.) were recruited. Arterial blood pressure was recorded with participants in supine position for 10 min, and the last 5 min were used to assess heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and hemodynamic analysis. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that the swimmers had practiced swimming for a mean of 14 years and 207 min/week. No difference was detected for body mass index between groups. Heart rate variability showed significant differences between groups both in the time and frequency domain analysis. We also found significant differences for baroreflex sensitivity. At rest, cardiac output and stroke volume were higher, whereas, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistances were lower in the swimmers than in the sedentary subjects. Since heart rate variability measures are independent predictors of mortality, the present findings suggest that habitual recreational swimming may be protective against sudden cardiovascular events and, more in general, have a positive impact on cardiovascular health.
Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity
Authors: Lässing Johannes , Schulze Antina , Kwast Stefan , Falz Roberto , Vondran Maximilian , Schröter Thomas , Borger Michael , Busse Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe importance of using mouthguards as well as their low acceptance rate have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of customized mouthguards on hemodynamics.. This randomized crossover study used data from 13 subjects (23.5±1.4 years). The cardiopulmonary and metabolic parameters were observed during ergometer tests without mouthguard (control) in comparison to two types of mouthguards (with and normal without breathing channels). Maximum ventilation was significantly decreased with the normal mouthguard (113.3±30.00 l ∙ min−1) in contrast to the mouthguard with breathing channels (122.5±22.9 l ∙ min−1) and control (121.9±30.8 l ∙ min−1). Also the inspiration time was longer when using the normal mouthguard (0.70±0.11 s) compared to the mouthguard with breathing channels (0.63±0.11 s) and control (Co 0.64±0.10 s). Lactate was also increased under the influence of the mouthguard with breathing channels (10.72±1.4 mmol ∙ l−1) compared to the control (9.40±1.77 mmol ∙ l−1) and the normal mouthguard (9.02±1.67 mmol ∙ l−1). In addition, stroke volume kinetics (p=0.048) and maximum heart rates (p=0.01) show changes. Despite equal levels of oxygen uptake and performances under all three conditions, the use of mouthguards showed differences in cardiopulmonary parameters. The use of mouthguards during exercise does not affect physical performance and can be recommended for injury prevention.
Effects of Exercise Training on the Paracrine Function of Circulating Angiogenic Cells
Authors: Evans William S. , Sapp Ryan M. , Kim Katherine I. , Heilman James M. , Hagberg James , Prior Steven J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExercise training has various benefits on cardiovascular health, and circulating angiogenic cells have been proposed as executing these changes. Work from the late 1990s supported an important role of these circulating post-natal cells in contributing to the maintenance and repair of the endothelium and vasculature. It was later found that circulating angiogenic cells were a heterogenous population of cells and primarily functioned in a paracrine manner by adhering to damaged endothelium and releasing growth factors. Many studies have discovered novel circulating angiogenic cell secreted proteins, microRNA and extracellular vesicles that mediate their angiogenic potential, and some studies have shown that both acute and chronic aerobic exercise training have distinct benefits. This review highlights work establishing an essential role of secreted factors from circulating angiogenic cells and summarizes studies regarding the effects of exercise training on these factors. Finally, we highlight the various gaps in the literature in hopes of guiding future work.
Investigations on the 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactivity of Alkoxyl Radicals under Visible-Light-Induced Reaction Conditions
Authors: Chen Yiyun , Liu Dan , Zhang Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe alkoxyl radicals have demonstrated superior hydrogen atom transfer reactivity in organic synthesis due to the strong oxygen–hydrogen bond dissociation energy. However, only the intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and intramolecular 1,5-HAT have been widely studied and synthetically utilized for C(sp3)–H functionalization. This Account summarizes our investigations on the unusual 1,2-HAT reactivity of alkoxyl radicals under visible-light-induced reaction conditions for the α-C–H functionalization. Various mechanistic investigations were discussed in this Account to address three key questions to validate the 1,2-HAT reactivity of alkoxyl radicals.1	Introduction2	Could Aldehydes/Ketones Be the Sole Reaction Intermediate for the α-C–H Allylation? NO3	Is the Alkoxyl Radical Absolutely Involved in the Reaction? YES4	Does the 1,2-HAT of Alkoxyl Radicals Irrefutably Exist? YES5	Conclusion
Reductive Knoevenagel Condensation with the Zn–AcOH System
Authors: Budynina Ekaterina M. , Ivanov Konstantin L. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn efficient gram-scale one-pot approach to 2-substituted malonates and related structures is developed, starting from commercially available aldehydes and active methylene compounds. The technique combines Knoevenagel condensation with the reduction of the C=C bond in the resulting activated alkenes with the Zn–AcOH system. The relative ease with which the C=C bond reduction occurs can be traced to the accepting abilities of the substituents in the intermediate arylidene malonates.
How and Why Crowd Reviewing Works
Authors: van Gemmeren Manuel , List Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this Account, the development of Select Crowd Reviewing from the initial idea through a pilot phase to the present moment, when it is now used as the default method for the evaluation of manuscripts at Synlett and SynOpen is detailed. We describe the workflow through which a manuscript is evaluated when Select Crowd Reviewing is applied. A series of questions and answers is used to address typical concerns and the advantages Select Crowd Reviewing offers when compared to traditional peer review.1	Introduction: The History of Select Crowd Reviewing2	The Select Crowd Reviewing Workflow3	Questions We Have Received Regarding Select Crowd Reviewing4	Conclusion
Radical-Mediated Hetaryl Functionalization of Nonactivated Alkenes through Distal ipso-Migration of O- or S-Hetaryls
Authors: Zhu Chen , Zhang Huihui , Ji Meishan , Wei Youhao , Chen Haodong , Wu Xinxin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA radical-mediated hetaryl functionalization of nonactivated alkenes through distal ipso-migration of O- or S-containing hetaryls was developed. Furyl, benzofuryl, thienyl, and benzothienyl groups showed satisfactory migratory abilities. A variety of heteroatom-centered radicals, including azido, trifluoromethylsulfanyl, and silyl radicals readily trigger the migration cascade, and a new C–heteroatom and C–C bond are concomitantly constructed in the reaction. This method provides an efficient approach to the synthesis of high-valued complex O- or S-hetaryl compounds.
The Hormetic Effect of Arsenic Trioxide on Rat Pulpal Cells: An In Vitro Preliminary Study
Authors: Nassar Mohannad , Dargham Ahmad , Jamleh Ahmed , Tamura Yukihiko , Hiraishi Noriko , Tagami Junji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectives Despite the agreement that there is no longer any indication for arsenic use in modern endodontics, some concerns are surfacing about the minute amount of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) released from Portland cement-based materials. The present study investigated the effect of different concentrations of As2O3 on rat pulpal cells and the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing As2O3-mediated toxicity.Materials and Methods Cytotoxicities of 50, 10, or 5 µm As2O3 and the effect of cells co-treatment with 50 µm As2O3 and 5,000 µm NAC or 500 µm NAC were tested at 24 hours or 3 days. Cell viability was assessed by means of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cellular morphological changes were observed under phase contrast microscope.Statistical Analysis Two-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test was used to evaluate differences between the groups (α = 0.05).Results At both exposure times, 50 µm As2O3 resulted in lower optical density (OD) values when compared with 10 or 5 µm As2O3. At 24 hours, 10 µm As2O3 resulted in a higher OD value compared with the control; however, at 3 days the difference was statistically insignificant. At each exposure time, the OD value of 5 µm As2O3 group was comparable to the control and 10 µm As2O3 group. There were no significant differences between 50 µm As2O3 group and 500 μm NAC+50 μm As2O3 group; however, these two groups had lower OD values when compared with 5,000 μm NAC+50 μm As2O3 group at 24 hours and 3 days. The latter group showed significantly lower OD value in comparison with the control at 24 hours and 3 days. Control cells were polygonal-shaped while 50 µm As2O3-treated cells exhibited contracted and spherical morphology with increased intercellular spaces. At 24 hours, 10 μm and 5 µm As2O3-treated cells were slightly hypertrophic. Cells co-treated with NAC and As2O3 showed increased intercellular spaces and lower cellular density compared with the control.Conclusions As2O3 displayed a hormetic effect on pulpal cells; however, the proliferative effect induced by low As2O3 concentrations should be interpreted with caution. NAC did not prevent As2O3-mediated toxicity; however, it demonstrated potential for ameliorating this toxicity.
Methods to Investigate miRNA Function: Focus on Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Garcia Alix , Dunoyer-Geindre Sylvie , Fish Richard J. , Neerman-Arbez Marguerite , Reny Jean-Luc , Fontana Pierre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs modulating protein production. They are key players in regulation of cell function and are considered as biomarkers in several diseases. The identification of the proteins they regulate, and their impact on cell physiology, may delineate their role as diagnostic or prognostic markers and identify new therapeutic strategies. During the last 3 decades, development of a large panel of techniques has given rise to multiple models dedicated to the study of miRNAs. Since plasma samples are easily accessible, circulating miRNAs can be studied in clinical trials. To quantify miRNAs in numerous plasma samples, the choice of extraction and purification techniques, as well as normalization procedures, are important for comparisons of miRNA levels in populations and over time. Recent advances in bioinformatics provide tools to identify putative miRNAs targets that can then be validated with dedicated assays. In vitro and in vivo approaches aim to functionally validate candidate miRNAs from correlations and to understand their impact on cellular processes. This review describes the advantages and pitfalls of the available techniques for translational research to study miRNAs with a focus on their role in regulating platelet reactivity.
Virulence mismatches in index hosts shape the outcomes of cross-species transmission
Authors: Mollentze Nardus , Streicker Daniel G. , Murcia Pablo R. , Hampson Katie , Biek Roman 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceEmerging disease epidemics often result from a pathogen establishing transmission in a novel host species. However, for reasons that remain poorly understood, most cross-species transmissions fail to establish in the newly infected species. Examining experimental cross-species inoculations of rabies virus, we show that host and viral factors predict differences in disease progression in ways that are expected to impact the likelihood of onward transmission. Disease progression was accelerated and virus excretion decreased when the reservoir and novel host were physiologically or genetically more dissimilar. These insights may help to explain and predict host shifts in rabies and other zoonotic viruses and highlight meta-analyses of experimental inoculation data as a powerful and generalizable approach for understanding the dynamics of index infections.
Unraveling intrinsic correlation effects with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Jianqiang Sky , Reining Lucia , Nicolaou Alessandro , Bendounan Azzedine , Ruotsalainen Kari , Vanzini Marco , Kas J. J. , Rehr J. J. , Muntwiler Matthias , Strocov Vladimir N. , Sirotti Fausto , Gatti Matteo 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Photoemission spectra reflect the many-body electronic structure of materials. The main peaks whose energies vary as a function of angle-resolved momentum usually correspond to the band structure. Replicas of these peaks, called satellites, are entirely due to interactions. Therefore, they could be used to detect the strength of electronic correlation in a material, if intrinsic features were not buried by other scattering effects. This study demonstrates how intrinsic satellites can be unraveled from measured spectra by using angular resolution and insights on the origin of nondispersing satellite contributions. Consequently, angle-resolved photoemission can be used to set an unambiguous lower bound on the strength of correlation.
National vs international cartoons depicting Catalonia’s
independence process in the press
Authors: Muelas-Gil María 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Given the key role played by political metaphors
in multimodal discourse, the objective of the study is twofold:
first, to contrast the main source domains used by the national and
the international press in a sample of political cartoons depicting
Catalonia’s independence process (September-November 2017). Second,
to critically analyse the political and cultural (mis)conceptions
behind the cartoons and their potential implications on the
international audience’s perception of Spain. This study draws upon
the groundings of Kress and van Leeuwen’s multimodal critical
discourse analysis and Charteris-Black’s critical metaphor analysis
in order to address Critical Multimodal Metaphor Analysis. The
results show relevant differences in terms of source choice by the
international vs. national press, since the former makes use of
sources that are absent in the later, and vice versa. This study
supports the claim of a critical multimodal metaphor analysis to
examine political metaphors in multimodal communication.