bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological predictors of swimming speed performance in river and reservoir populations of Australian smelt Retropinna semoni
Authors: Svozil Daniel Phillip , Baumgartner Lee J. , Fulton Christopher J. , Kopf Richard Keller , Watts Robyn J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDam construction is a major driver of ecological change in freshwater ecosystems. Fish populations have been shown to diverge in response to different flow velocity habitats, yet adaptations of fish populations to river and reservoir habitats created by dams remains poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate divergence of morphological traits and prolonged swimming speed performance between lotic and lentic populations of Australian smelt Retropinna semoni and quantify the relationship between prolonged swimming speed performance and morphology. Prolonged swimming speed performance was assessed for 15 individuals from each of three river and two reservoir populations of R. semoni using the critical swimming speed test (Ucrit). Body shape was characterized using geometric morphometrics, which was combined with fin aspect ratios and standard length to assess morphological divergence among the five populations. Best subsets model‐selection was used to identify the morphological traits that best explain Ucrit variation among individuals. Our results indicate R. semoni from river populations had significantly higher prolonged swimming speed performance (Ucrit = 46.61 ± 0.98 cm s−1) than reservoir conspecifics (Ucrit = 35.57 ± 0.83 cm s−1; F1,74 = 58.624, Z = 35.938, P < 0.001). Similarly, R. semoni sampled from river populations had significantly higher fin aspect ratios (ARcaudal = 1.71 ± 0.04 and 1.29 ± 0.02 respectively; F(1,74) = 56.247, Z = 40.107, P < 0.001; ARpectoral = 1.85 ± 0.03 and 1.33 ± 0.02 respectively; F(1,74) = 7.156, Z = 4.055, P < 0.01). Best‐subset analyses revealed Ucrit was most strongly correlated with pectoral and caudal fin aspect ratios (R2adj = 0.973, AICc = 41.54). Body shape, however, was subject to a three‐way interaction among population, habitat and sex effects (F3,74 = 1.038. Z = 1.982; P < 0.05). Thus sexual dimorphism formed a significant component of unique and complex variation in body shape among populations from different habitat types. This study revealed profound effects of human‐altered flow environments on locomotor morphology and its functional link to changes in swimming performance of a common freshwater fish. While past studies have indicated body shape may be an important axis for divergence between lotic and lentic populations of several freshwater fishes, fin aspect ratios were the most important predictor of swimming speed in our study. Differences in body morphology here were inconsistent between river and reservoir populations, suggesting this aspect of phenotype may be more strongly influenced by other factors such as predation and sexual dimorphism.
Development of methodology for assessment of long‐term morphodynamic impact on flood hazard
Authors: Dysarz Tomasz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA methodology for quantification of the impact of sediment transport on flood hazard is proposed. The applied algorithm consists of several Python scripts for automation of sediment routing, hydrodynamic simulations, and geoprocessing of results. Flood hazard maps are uniquely linked with particular simulations of morphological changes in a river. Finally, the maps are stochastically processed. The proposed procedure was applied for a selected reach of the Warta river, located in Poland. Simulations were run for 6‐ and 12‐year flow series composed randomly on the basis of historical data. The 30 flow series for each period and four functions describing the transport of sediment were treated as uncertain variables. It was assumed that the features characterising the mean sample may properly represent the sediment content in the river reach studied. The final results are presented as maps showing the probabilities of inundation. The comparison of results with literature data confirmed the significance of the impact related to sediment transport processes on the quantification of flood hazard uncertainty. The main advantages of the presented algorithm are effective management of simulations and processing of results obtained in 240 runs of the sediment routing model.
Distribution and morphology of sensory and autonomic fibres in the subendocardial plexus of the rat heart
Authors: Shenton Fiona C. , Campbell Thomas , Jones James F. X. , Pyner Susan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCardiac reflexes originating from sensory receptors in the heart ensure blood supply to vital tissues and organs in the face of constantly changing demands. Atrial volume receptors are mechanically sensitive vagal afferents which relay to the medulla and hypothalamus, affecting vasopressin release and renal sympathetic activity. To date, two anatomically distinct sensory endings have been identified which may subserve cardiac mechanosensation: end‐nets and flower‐spray endings. To map the distribution of atrial receptors in the subendocardial space, we have double‐labelled rat right atrial whole mounts for neurofilament heavy chain (NFH) and synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) and generated high‐resolution maps of the rat subendocardial neural plexus at the cavo‐atrial region. In order to elucidate the nature of these fibres, double labelling with synaptophysin (SYN) and either NFH, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was performed. The findings show that subendocardial nerve nets are denser at the superior cavo‐atrial junction than the mid‐atrial region. Adluminal plexuses had the finest diameters and stained positively for synaptic vesicles (SV2 and SYN), CGRP and TH. These plexuses may represent sympathetic post‐ganglionic fibres and/or sensory afferents. The latter are candidate substrates for type B volume receptors which are excited by stretch during atrial filling. Deeper nerve fibres appeared coarser and may be cholinergic (positive staining for ChAT). Flower‐spray endings were never observed using immunohistochemistry but were delineated clearly with the intravital stain methylene blue. We suggest that differing nerve fibre structures form the basis by which atrial deformation and hence atrial filling is reflected to the brain.
Management of nail psoriasis with a single injection of abobotulinum toxin
Authors: Botsali Ayşenur , Erbil Hakan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNail psoriasis is challenging; as topical agents generally fail and systemic therapies are doubted especially when the involvement of the skin is rather localized. The response of chronic plaque‐type psoriasis to botulinum toxin injections is reported in case series that is essentially explained through the modulation of neurogenic inflammation. Herein, we report the successful treatment results of two cases demonstrating different features of nail psoriasis treated by abobotulinum toxin.
Clinical efficacy and safety of nano‐microneedle‐assisted phenylethyl resorcinol for the treatment of infraorbital dark circles
Authors: Yu Cheng‐Qian , Xu Xue‐Gang , Chen Hong‐Duo , Li Yuan‐Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfraorbital dark circles (DC) are defined as a symptom that presents darkness under infraorbital eyelids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nano‐microneedle‐assisted phenylethyl resorcinol (PR) for the treatment of infraorbital dark circles.MethodsTwenty female participants were randomized to two groups. In the experimental group (group E), participants received topical PR gel under the left orbit once a day and topical plus nano‐microneedle‐assisted PR gel under the right orbit twice a week. In the control group (group C), participants were treated with gel without PR. Melanin index (MI) and erythema index (EI) were measured before the session (T0), 4 and 8 weeks during the treatment session (T4, T8), and 1 and 2 months after the last session (T12, T16). The global assessment was performed by a blinded dermatologist.ResultsThe mean value of MI in group E was significantly lower than the baseline at T8 (P < .05), and the right side decreased more significantly than the left side (P < .05). However, there was no difference of MI before and after treatment in group C (P > .05). There was no big difference of the mean EI between the two sides (P > .05). The treatment was well tolerated, and no serious adverse effects were reported.ConclusionPR combined with nano‐microneedle could be an effective and safe method for infraorbital DC.
Effects of monitor alarm management training on nurses’ alarm fatigue: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bi Jiasi , Yin Xin , Li Hongyan , Gao Ruitong , Zhang Qing , Zhong Tangsheng , Zan Tao , Guan Baoxing , Li Zhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundChaotic monitor alarm management generates a large number of alarms, which result in alarm fatigue. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are caretakers of critically ill patients, the effect of alarm management affect patient safety directly.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of monitor alarm management training based on the theory of planned behaviour for reducing alarm fatigue in intensive care unit nurses.DesignA randomised, single‐blind trial. This article follows the requirements of CONSORT statement.ParticipantsThe study was conducted from February 2019–May 2019 in a tertiary A‐level hospital. 93 ICU clinical nurses were included, and they were randomly assigned into two groups.InterventionNurses in the experimental group (n = 47) received a 12‐week alarm management training course based on the theory of planned behaviour. Nurses in the control group (n = 46) received regular training. All nurses’ alarm fatigue scores were measured with a questionnaire before and after the study period. Total number of alarms, nonactionable alarms and true crisis alarms were recorded continuously throughout the study period.ResultsFor baseline comparisons, no significant differences were found. By the analysis of independent samples one‐way ANCOVAs, the nurses’ adjusted alarm fatigue scores at the post‐test in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < .001). After the study period, adjusted total number of alarms and nonactionable alarms recorded in the experimental group were both significantly lower than those recorded in the control group (p < .001). After the study period, no significant difference between the two groups was noted in the adjusted number of true crisis alarms (p > .05). The interventions did not cause adverse events in either group of patients and did not cause adverse events in patients.ConclusionIntensive care unit nurses’ alarm fatigue was effectively decreased by the monitor alarm management training based on the theory of planned behaviour.Relevance to clinical practice(1) Monitor alarm training based on the theory of planned behaviour is effective in reducing nonactionable alarms and lowering alarm fatigue in ICU nurses. (2) The intervention considering the social psychological aspects of behaviour is effective in rebuilding the nurses’ awareness and behaviour of alarm management. (3) Nurses are the direct users of monitoring technology. Hospital administrators should attach importance to the role of nurses in the medical monitoring system. We suggest that nursing managers implement training programmes in more ICUs in the future to improve alarm management ability and lower alarm fatigue in ICU nurses.
Kierkegaard on Imitation and Ethics: Toward a Secular Project?
Authors: Kaftanski Wojciech T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis essay demonstrates the prominence of imitation in Kierkegaard’s ethics. I move beyond his idea of authentic existence modeled on Christ and explore the secular dimension of Kierkegaard’s insights about human nature and imitation. I start with presenting imitation as key to understanding the ethical dimension of the relationship between the universal and individual aspects of the human self in Kierkegaard. I then show that Kierkegaard’s moral concepts of “primitivity” and “comparison” are a response to his sociological and psychological observations about imitation from an ethical point of view. In the final section of this paper, I briefly engage Friedrich Schleiermacher’s “ethics of individuality” and Gabriel Tarde’s “laws of imitation” to explore Kierkegaard’s consideration of ethics and imitation as situated within the context of a broader conversation on imitation.
John Calvin and Virtue Ethics
Authors: Sytsma David S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany scholars have argued that the Protestant Reformation generally departed from virtue ethics, and this claim is often accepted by Protestant ethicists. This essay argues against such discontinuity by demonstrating John Calvin’s reception of ethical concepts from Augustine and Aristotle. Calvin drew on Augustine’s concept of eudaimonia and many aspects of Aristotle’sNicomachean Ethics, including concepts of choice, habit, virtue as a mean, and the specific virtues of justice and prudence. Calvin also evaluated the problem of pagan virtue in light of traditional Augustinian texts discussed in the medieval period. He interpreted the Decalogue as teaching virtue, including the cardinal virtues of justice and temperance. Calvin was not the harbinger of an entirely new ethical paradigm, but rather a participant in the mainstream of Christian thinkers who maintained a dual interest in Aristotelian and Augustinian eudaimonist virtue ethics.
COVID‐19 and Religious Ethics
Authors: Alimi Toni , Antus Elizabeth L. , Balthrop‐Lewis Alda , Childress James F. , Dunn Shannon , Green Ronald M. , Gregory Eric , Herdt Jennifer A. , Jenkins Willis , Cathleen Kaveny M. , Lloyd Vincent W. , Lo Ping‐cheung , Malesic Jonathan , Newheiser David , Oh Irene , Stalnaker Aaron 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe editors of the JRE solicited short essays on the COVID‐19 pandemic from a group of scholars of religious ethics that reflected on how the field might help them make sense of the complex religious, cultural, ethical, and political implications of the pandemic, and on how the pandemic might shape the future of religious ethics.
The detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in Ireland: An observational study of 100 cases
Authors: Ahern John , Toner Mary , Van Harten Maria , Nunn June 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the diagnostic details of a sample of histologically diagnosed malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions from Ireland; to examine how these lesions were first detected, and by whom; and to determine whether factors influenced how these lesions were detected, who detected them, and the type of lesion diagnosed.MethodsA retrospective review was carried out of the clinical notes relating to oral lesions histologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), carcinoma in‐situ, or epithelial dysplasia from biopsies performed in hospital‐based specialist units and submitted to a diagnostic pathology service based in Dublin, Ireland, between June and December 2015. In addition to sex, age, and smoking status, details were collected relating to the diagnosis, how the lesion was detected, and by whom.ResultsThere were 100 cases reviewed: SCC (29), carcinoma in‐situ (5), and epithelial dysplasia (66). There were 49 opportunistic findings: dentists detected 47 (94 percent), and 51 presenting complaints: primary care physicians (PCPs) detected 30 (60 percent). There was a lower likelihood of opportunistic findings among males (odds ratio 0.41; 95 percent CI 0.18, 0.91).ConclusionsDentists in Ireland detected significant proportions of malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions as opportunistic findings, although opportunistic findings were less likely to occur among male patients.
Barriers and facilitators to provision of written consumer medicines information among community pharmacists in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fatokun Omotayo , Mooi Xin Yi , Helweh Osama , Rajagopal Mogana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the barriers and facilitators to the provision of consumer medication information leaflets (CMIL) by community pharmacists in Malaysia and assessed the relationship between the participants' characteristics and provision of CMIL.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey conducted among pharmacists working in randomly selected community pharmacies in the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, and the State of Selangor, Malaysia. Multiple response analysis was conducted to examine the barriers and facilitators. Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between the participants' characteristics and provision of CMIL. IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 software was used for all statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05.

Key findings
A total of 162 participants were involved in the study. Response rate was 77.5% (162 out of 209) and completion rate 100%. The two most frequently reported barriers to non-provision of CMIL were because the customer has taken the medicine previously (29.4%) and the customer receives all the information they need verbally (20.0%). The two most frequently reported facilitators to the provision of CMIL were because the community pharmacists felt they have a duty of care to inform the customer about their medicine (16.3%) and the customer has a right to information about their medicine (15.6%). There was a significant association between the provision of CMIL and participants educational level (P = 0.005) and awareness of CMIL (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The key barriers to the provision of CMIL by the community pharmacists appeared to be related to attitudinal factors, while key facilitators appeared to be related to the professional obligations of the community pharmacists. Increased awareness and educational strategies would be important in improving the provision of CMIL by community pharmacists in Malaysia.
Childhood restless legs syndrome: A longitudinal study of prevalence and familial aggregation
Authors: Pennestri Marie‐Hélène , Petit Dominique , Paquet Jean , Desautels Alex , Touchette Evelyne , Côté Sylvana , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel , Montplaisir Jacques 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRestless legs syndrome is a relatively common neurological disorder in adults. In childhood, however, its prevalence and genetic contribution are still largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) during childhood and adolescence in a large population‐based cohort and evaluate the degree of association with parental history. Data from a large, prospective longitudinal cohort from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development of 1,856 children born in 1997–1998 were studied from 2005 to 2013. The prevalence of RLS was assessed at ages 7, 8, 12, 13 and 15 years through a questionnaire completed by the mother. Parental history of RLS was also queried. Between 7 and 15 years of age, the yearly prevalence of RLS ranged from 2.4% to 3.1%, with a higher prevalence in boys than girls at 12 years old. The prevalence of RLS at any time during this period was 8.6% but only 1.8% of parents answered positively at least twice during the longitudinal study. This low persistent rate could be explained by remissions or the use of parental report. The prevalence was higher when there was at least one parent affected with RLS (13.0%) compared to children without a parental history (6.9%). Findings from this population‐based study confirm the high prevalence of RLS in children aged 7–15 years and corroborate the strong familial aggregation for RLS. Parents should be encouraged to inform the paediatrician about the presence of RLS in the family to help the diagnostic process.
Evaluation of the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on Trichophyton rubrum microconidia in vitro
Authors: Pan Tiantian , Liu Xiaojing , Liu Chengcheng , Li Jiao , Ma Wenpeng , Qin Yannan , Chen Yunru , Lin Shumei , Ye Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent available treatment modes against dermatophytoses are often tedious and sometimes unsatisfactory. As an emerging and promising approach, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) attracts much attention in the treatment of superficial or localised infections.ObjectivesThis work investigated the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on microconidia of Trichophyton rubrum in vitro.MethodsThe photodynamic killing efficacy of HMME on microconidia of two T rubrum strains was assessed by MTT assay. The effects of HMME‐mediated aPDT on the growth of T rubrum and cellular structure of microconidia were also investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were employed to study the intracellular localisation of HMME and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).ResultsHMME showed no obvious toxicity in the dark, but after light irradiation it inactivated the T rubrum microconidia in a light energy dose‐dependent manner, and inhibited the growth of T rubrum. CLSM demonstrated that HMME initially bound to the cell envelop and entered into the cell after light irradiation. HMME‐mediated aPDT also damaged the cell cytoplasm and increased the accumulation of intracellular ROS, resulting in cell death.ConclusionsThe results suggested that HMME‐mediated aPDT had potential to be used in the treatment of superficial infections caused by T rubrum.
Cingulate island sign on SPECT in a patient with aceruloplasminemia presenting slowly progressive dementia
Authors: Umehara Fujio , Hosoi Yasushi , Miyajima Hiroaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 63‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with slowly progressing dementia which developed over the two years prior to admission. She had a history of diabetes mellitus since the age of 30. Laboratory findings revealed low serum copper levels and undetectable serum ceruloplasmin. MRI showed a pronounced hypointensity in the bilateral putamen, caudate, thalamus, dentate nuclei, and cerebral cortex on T2*‐weighted images. ECD‐SPECT showed hypoperfusion in bilateral parieto‐occipital lobes with cingulate island sign. We identified a homozygous nonsense mutation (TAC to TAG) at nucleotide 537 in exon 3 of the ceruloplasmin gene in the patient, resulting in the diagnosis of aceruloplasminemia.