bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biphenyl liquid crystal epoxy containing flexible chain: Synthesis and thermal properties
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Guokang , Wu Kun , Shi Jun , Liang Liyan , Lu Mangeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA biphenyl type liquid crystal epoxy (LCE) monomer 4,4′‐di(2,3‐epoxyhexyloxy)biphenyl (LCBP4) containing flexible chain was synthesized and the curing behavior was investigated using 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the curing agent. The effect of curing condition on the formation of the liquid crystalline phase was examined. The cured samples show good mechanical properties and thermal stabilities. Moreover, the relationship between thermal conductivity and structure of liquid crystalline domain was also discussed. The samples show high thermal conductivity up to 0.28–0.31 W/(m*K), which is 1.5 times as high as that of conventional epoxy systems. In addition, thermal conductive filler, Al2O3, was introduced into LCBP4/DDM to obtain higher thermal conductive composites. When the content of Al2O3 was 80 wt%, the thermal conductivity of the composite reached to 1.86 W/(m*K), while that of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Bis‐A) epoxy resin/DDM/Al2O3 was 1.15 W/(m*K). Compared with Bis‐A epoxy resin, the formation of liquid crystal domains in the cured LCE resin enhanced the thermal conductivity synergistically with the presence of Al2O3. Furthermore, the introduction of Al2O3 also slightly increased the thermal stabilities of the cured LCE.
Optically active hybrid particles constructed by chiral helical substituted polyacetylene and POSS
Authors: Shang Jiaqi , Mei Song , Zhao Danyu , Deng Jianping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOptically active hybrid particles consisting of chiral organic component and inorganic component integrate the individual advantages of the components in one entity. This article reports a new type of optically active hybrid particles constructed by helical substituted polyacetylene and octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OvPOSS). The hybrid particles were prepared in a two‐step process. First, helical substituted polyacetylene with pendent vinyl groups was synthesized and named as macromonomer (MM). Then, hybrid particles were prepared from MM and OvPOSS by free radical suspension polymerization, in which OvPOSS acted simultaneously as comonomer and crosslinking agent. OvPOSS and MM together constituted a crosslinked network and formed spherical, porous hybrid particles. The resulting hybrid particles exhibited the desired optical activity, according to circular dichroism spectroscopy measurement. As an organic/inorganic hybrid molecule itself, OvPOSS moderately improved the thermostability of the organic component and meanwhile increased the porosity of the hybrid particles. It also helped to tune the surface morphology of the hybrid particles. The present study provides a novel class of optically active hybrid particles, and the preparation strategy may further work as a versatile platform for developing novel chiral hybrid materials.
Global DNA methylation and cognitive and behavioral outcomes at 4 years of age: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Taylor Rachael M. , Smith Roger , Collins Clare E. , Mossman David , Wong‐Brown Michelle W. , Chan Eng‐Cheng , Evans Tiffany‐Jane , Attia John R. , Buckley Nick , Drysdale Karen , Smith Tenele , Butler Trent , Hure Alexis J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that breastfeeding exclusivity and duration are positively associated with child cognition. This study investigated whether DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism modified by nutrient intake, may contribute to the link between breastfeeding and child cognition. The aim was to quantify the relationship between global DNA methylation and cognition and behavior at 4 years of age.MethodsChild behavior and cognition were measured at age 4 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, third version (WPPSI‐III), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBC). Global DNA methylation (%5‐methylcytosines (%5mC)) was measured in buccal cells at age 4 years, using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kit. Linear regression models were used to quantify the statistical relationships.ResultsData were collected from 73 children recruited from the Women and Their Children's Health (WATCH) study. No statistically significant associations were found between global DNA methylation levels and child cognition or behavior (p > .05), though the estimates of effect were consistently negative. Global DNA methylation levels in males were significantly higher than in females (median %5mC: 1.82 vs. 1.03, males and females, respectively, (p < .05)).ConclusionNo association was found between global DNA methylation and child cognition and behavior; however given the small sample, this study should be pooled with other cohorts in future meta‐analyses.
Sketch‐based shape‐constrained fireworks simulation in head‐mounted virtual reality
Authors: Cui Xiaoyu , Cai Ruifan , Tang Xiangjun , Deng Zhigang , Jin Xiaogang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a novel shape‐constrained fireworks simulation method with rich textures in an HMD (Helmet Mounted Display) virtual environment using sketched feature lines as input. Our approach first retrieves an object from a three‐dimensional (3D) model database using a sketch‐based 3D shape retrieval algorithm. Then, in order to approximate models with complex structures, we introduce a novel point sampling algorithm based on Gaussian curvatures, which stores not only the positions of the selected vertices but also the texture (UV) coordinates information for texture display. In addition, we introduce a multilevel explosion process so that the fireworks can dynamically form specific, visually pleasing shapes. Through our experiments, we demonstrate that our approach can produce better results than state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Inverse‐direction Growth of TiO2 Microcones by Subsequent Anodization in HClO4 for Increased Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Yong‐Tae , Youk Ji Ho , Choi Jinsub 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe effect of second anodization on anodically fabricated TiO2 microcones is investigated with the aim of enhancing the lithium‐ion battery performances; these microcones are treated with a trace concentration of an electrolyte of HClO4. Unlike in the case of second anodization in H2SO4 or H3PO4, which leads to breakdown of the structures of the microcones, the HClO4‐treated TiO2 microcones maintain their unique morphological crystalline structures; this enables the inverse growth of an oxide layer. Particularly, protruding nanoparticles provide a large surface area and thus a higher areal capacity, wherein lithium ions can be stored; these particles are formed on the back‐hemisphere layers of the microcones with an increase in the overall thickness of the barrier oxide layer. The HClO4‐treated TiO2 microcones exhibit an areal capacity of approximately 1.6 times than that of pristine TiO2 microcones as well as an excellent cycling stability and capacity retention.
Hair analysis of antidepressants and antipsychotics—Overview of quantitative data
Authors: Methling Maximilian , Krumbiegel Franziska , Hartwig Sven 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntidepressant and antipsychotic drugs are regularly encountered in different aspects of forensic toxicology, and some cases require the examination of hair samples. In this study, common antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs regarding hair concentrations over the past decades were reviewed. Although numerous publications around method validations, case reports, or controlled dose studies were found, apparently there is a lack of comprehensive data for many substances. Information on the hair length and dosage across the publications varied largely, and case numbers were generally low except for several retrospective controlled dose studies. Many substances were described only in method validations or case reports, and data were obtained from small case numbers. On the contrary, clozapine, haloperidol, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, risperidone and its metabolite, methylphenidate, citalopram, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, and quetiapine had a well‐founded database as these substances were investigated in controlled dose studies with higher case numbers. Given the advancements made in analytical techniques over the past years, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry techniques were the methods of choice and allowed the detection of chemical compounds at low concentrations. The controversy around a potential use of hair analysis to estimate the dosage remains as dose‐concentration studies provided divergent results. A harmonization on the investigated hair length as well as on the extraction protocol would be of favor to achieve better comparability. Although hair analysis research focused mainly on drug abuse, availability of more data on antidepressants and antipsychotics would help to gain better knowledge and assist other forensic investigators.
Landscape structure and climate drive population dynamics of an insect vector within intensely managed agroecosystems
Authors: Gutiérrez Illán Javier , Bloom Elias H. , Wohleb Carrie H. , Wenninger Erik J. , Rondon Silvia I. , Jensen Andrew S. , Snyder William E. , Crowder David W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCharacterizing factors affecting insect pest populations across variable landscapes is a major challenge for agriculture. In natural ecosystems, insect populations are strongly mediated by landscape and climatic factors. However, it has proven difficult to evaluate if similar factors predict pest dynamics in agroecosystems because control tactics exert strong confounding effects. We addressed this by assessing whether species distribution models could effectively characterize dynamics of an insect pest in intensely managed agroecosystems. Our study used a regional multi‐year data set to assess landscape and climatic drivers of potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) populations, which are often subjected to calendar‐based insecticide treatments because they transmit pathogens to crops. Despite this, we show that psyllid populations were strongly affected by landscape and climatic factors. Psyllids were more abundant in landscapes with high connectivity, low crop diversity, and large natural areas. Psyllid population dynamics were also mediated by climatic factors, particularly precipitation and humidity. Our results show that many of the same factors that drive insect population dynamics in natural ecosystems can have similar effects in an intensive agroecosystem. More broadly, our study shows that models incorporating landscape and climatic factors can describe pest populations in agroecosystems and may thus promote more sustainable pest management.
Crossroads between immune responses and physiological regulation: Metabolic control of resistance versus tolerance against disease
Authors: Pucillo Carlo , Vitale Gaetano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIf a threat cannot be avoided, the organism has two defense options: it can try to eliminate the threatening agent or boost physiological mechanisms to tolerate the challenge and its consequences. Both strategies can be (and usually are) used at the same time. Fighting an infection, for instance, requires mounting immune responses to control pathogen burden as well as physiologic adaptations to tolerate stress and damage. Thus, the two strategies are connected and interdependent. We are starting to understand how the regulation of host metabolic physiology during disease impacts both the ability to resist pathogens’ burden and tolerate parenchymal tissue functional damage. Here, we review a number of recent publications that have begun to shed light on the physiological and immunological mechanisms that coordinate host defense and metabolic processes. In particular, we will cover the areas of energetic control, substrates utilization, and the regulatory signals that promote infectious disease tolerance.
LRIG3 represses cell motility by inhibiting slug via inactivating ERK signaling in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Zeng Kaixuan , Chen Xiaoxiang , Xu Mu , Liu Xiangxiang , Li Chenmeng , Xu Xueni , Pan Bei , Qin Jian , He Bangshun , Pan Yuqin , Huiling Sun , Xu Tao , Wang Shukui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetastasis is responsible for 90% of colorectal cancer (CRC)‐related deaths. In the present study, we identified a novel key regulator of CRC metastasis, leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin‐like domains protein 3 (LRIG3), which was significantly decreased in CRC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of LRIG3 was attributed to copy number loss and promoter hypermethylation. Low LRIG3 expression was positively correlated with metastatic clinical features and shorter survival time. Functional experiments showed that knockout of LRIG3 markedly enhanced CRC cell migration and invasion ability, whereas reintroduction of LRIG3 exerted the opposite effects. Regarding the mechanism, LRIG3 could facilitate the binding of DUSP6 to ERK1/2, resulting in the dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 and subsequently downregulation of slug, an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition trigger, thereby constraining CRC cell motility. Importantly, LRIG3 expression was strongly negatively correlated with slug or p‐ERK1/2 expression in CRC tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that LRIG3 is a novel suppressor of CRC metastasis, reactivation of LRIG3 may be a promising therapeutic approach for metastatic CRC patients.
Optimal imaging windows of indocyanine green‐assisted near‐infrared dental imaging with rat model and its comparison to X‐ray imaging
Authors: Li Zhongqiang , Hartzler Thomas , Ramos Alexandra , Osborn Michelle L. , Li Yanping , Yao Shaomian , Xu Jian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, we used rat animal model to compare the efficiency of indocyanine green (ICG)‐assisted dental near‐infrared fluorescence imaging with X‐ray imaging, and we optimized the imaging window for both unerupted and erupted molars. The results show that the morphology of the dental structures was observed clearly from ICG‐assisted dental images (especially through the endoscope). A better image contrast was easily acquired at the short imaging windows (<10 minutes) for unerupted and erupted molars. For unerupted molars, there is another optimized imaging window (48‐96 hours) with a prominent glow‐in‐the‐dark effect: only the molars remain bright. This study also revealed that the laser ablation of dental follicles can disrupt the molar development, and our method is able to efficiently detect laser‐treated molars and acquire the precise morphology. Thus, ICG‐assisted dental imaging has the potential to be a safer and more efficient imaging modality for the real‐time diagnosis of dental diseases.
Bleeding Complications After Transoral Robotic Surgery: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Stokes William , Ramadan Jad , Lawson Georges , Ferris F. Robert L. , Holsinger Floyd Christopher , Turner Meghan T. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivePostoperative hemorrhage is the most common complication of transoral robotic surgery (TORS), the severity of which can range from minor bleeding treated with observation to catastrophic hemorrhage leading to death. To date, little is known about the incidence, risk factors, and management of post‐TORS hemorrhage.Study DesignSystematic Review and Metanlysis.MethodsA systematic review of the published literature using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was performed and examined TORS, postoperative hemorrhage, and the use of prophylactic transcervical arterial ligation (TAL).ResultsA total of 13 articles were included in the analysis. To date, there have been 332 cases of hemorrhage following a total of 5748 TORS. The pooled median post‐TORS hemorrhage rate was 6.47%. The overall incidence of minor and major hemorrhage was 5.29% and 2.90%. Patients with prior radiation (relative risk [RR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–2.12), large tumors (RR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.48–2.99), and those requiring perioperative coagulation (RR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.54–3.28) had significantly higher relative risks of hemorrhage. There was no significant difference in the relative risk of overall hemorrhage with TAL. Looking at major hemorrhage, patients undergoing TAL had a large but insignificant relative risk reduction in post‐TORS hemorrhage (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.15–1.07).ConclusionThe incidence of post‐TORS hemorrhage is low (5.78%), and for major hemorrhage requiring emergent embolization, TAL, or tracheotomy to control hemorrhage it is even lower (2.90%). Large tumors, perioperative anticoagulation, and prior radiation were associated with significantly increased risk of post‐TORS hemorrhage. TAL does not reduce the overall incidence of post‐TORS hemorrhage but may lead to fewer severe hemorrhages.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 131:95–105, 2021
BMI Trajectories from Birth to 23 Years by Cardiometabolic Risks in Young Adulthood
Authors: East Patricia , Delker Erin , Blanco Estela , Lozoff Betsy , Correa Paulina , Burrows Raquel , Gahagan Sheila 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the level, rate, and acceleration of BMI growth differ according to the presence or absence of adult cardiometabolic (CM) risks.MethodsBMI was measured in 1,000 Chileans at nine time points from birth to 23 years, and metabolic syndrome and its components were assessed at young adulthood. BMI growth was analyzed in the following three developmental periods: birth to 6 months, 6 months to 5 years, and 5 to 23 years.ResultsIndividuals with CM risks had a specific constellation of early‐life growth (faster growth after infancy, lower BMI decline approaching age 5, absence of a definitive BMI nadir in early childhood, higher 5‐year BMI) and distinct young adult growth (larger BMI increases from childhood to young adulthood and lower levels of expected growth deceleration approaching young adulthood). Those with CM risks also attained BMI ≥ 25 at significantly younger ages than those absent risks (metabolic syndrome: 12.3 years vs. 20.1 years; hyperglycemia: 13.1 years vs. 18.9 years; hypertension: 13.2 years vs. 19.4 years; hypertriglyceridemia: 14.3 years vs. 19.5 years; inflammation: 15.9 years vs. 20.6 years).ConclusionsLarger and faster increases in BMI and a failure of BMI growth to decline or decelerate at specific developmental periods distinguished individuals who would and would not have adult CM risks.
Robust adaptive backstepping sliding mode control for motion mode decoupling of two‐axle vehicles with active kinetic dynamic suspension systems
Authors: Hu Wen , Ding Fei , Zhang Jie , Zhang Bangji , Zhang Nong , Qin An 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA mode decoupling control strategy is proposed for the active Kinetic Dynamic Suspension Systems (KDSS) with electrohydrostatic actuator (EHA) to improve the roll and warp mode performances. A matrix transfer method is employed to derive the modes of body and wheel station motions for full vehicle with active KDSS. The additional mode stiffness produced by the active KDSS is obtained and quantitatively described with the typical physical parameters. A new hierarchical feedback control strategy is proposed for the active KDSS to improve the roll and warp motion performances and simultaneously accounting for nonlinear dynamics of the actuators with hydraulic uncertainties. H∞ static output‐feedback control is employed to obtain the desirable mode forces, and a new projection‐based adaptive backstepping sliding mode tracking controller is designed for EHA to deal with address the nonlinearity and parameters uncertainty. This controller is used to realize the desirable pressure difference of EHA required from the target mode forces. Numerical simulations are presented to compare the roll and warp performances between the active KDSS, conventional spring‐damper suspension, and suspension with antiroll bar under typical excitation conditions. The evaluation indices are normalized and compared with radar chart. The obtained results illustrate that the proposed active KDSS with proposed controller does not produce additional warp motion for vehicle body, and has achieved more reasonable tire force distribution among wheel stations, the roll stability, road holding, and significantly improved ride comfort simultaneously.
A macroscopic approach for seismic damage transition within reinforced concrete wall–frame structures
Authors: Guo Xiang , He Zheng 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe damage models proposed to date fail to identify the damage transition within one typical dual structural system, that is, wall–frame structures, under strong earthquakes. It's conceptually promising to combine a macroscopic global damage model physically with a simplified structural model that can characterize the interaction mechanism between the frame part and wall part of the structures. Thus, a macroscopic approach, with the integration of a macroscopic global damage model and a generalized shear–flexure coupled model, is proposed to have a closer insight into the damage transition within the wall–frame structures. The relation between the stiffness ratio and the ratio of vibration periods is established by introducing two stiffness‐based damage indicators and modal damage indexes. By this relation and the stiffness degradation in the frame part and wall part, the correlations between the modal damages, global damage, and the damages of the two parts are clarified. The combination of the damage indicators of the two parts with global damage is proved to be capable of capturing the damage transition during the dynamic redistribution of internal forces. The case study indicates that the damage predictions of the wall–frame structures are consistent with the interstory drift and proportions of failed components. The comparative study implies the efficiency of strengthening the link beams.
Maxwell interface problems‐ existence and uniqueness of solutions for Maxwell's equations
Authors: Boujemaa Saoussen , Khelifi Abdessatar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Maxwell interface problem. We provide existence and uniqueness results of solutions of this problem in the harmonic time case. Our results are obtained by setting up the problem as a variational problem in the sobolev space on a bounded domain. We prove analytical estimates on the convergence of perturbed solution. Numerical examples for different shapes of the domain will be presented.
Introduction: A Stochastic Approach to Discounted Cash Flow
Authors: Kruschwitz Lutz , Löffler Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe valuation of firms is an exciting topic. It is interesting for economists engaged in either practice or theory, particularly for those in finance. Among practitioners, it is investment bankers and public accountants, who are regularly confronted with the question of how a firm is to be valued. The discussion about shareholder value Rappaport set off indicated that you cannot tell from the numbers of traditional accounting alone whether the managers of a firm were primarily successful or did poorly. Instead, the change in the value of the firm is used in order to try and determine exactly this. That suffices for the practitioner’s interest. The reasons why academics involve themselves with questions of valuation of firms are different.
Sketch of Solutions
Authors: Kruschwitz Lutz , Löffler Andreas 
Published: February 2020

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