bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of the niche centroid hypothesis: Pteropus lylei (Chiroptera)
Authors: Chaiyes Aingorn , Escobar Luis E. , Willcox Emma V. , Duengkae Prateep , Suksavate Warong , Watcharaanantapong Pattarawan , Pongpattananurak Nantachai , Wacharapluesadee Supaporn , Hemachudha Thiravat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent ecological theories propose that species reach their highest abundance and genetic diversity in the center of their ecological niche and decline toward the edges. We assessed whether Lyle's flying fox, Pteropus lylei, abundance and genetic diversity were correlated with niche centroid distance using an ecological niche model as a proxy for fundamental niche (NF). Alternatively, we assessed whether P. lylei abundance and genetic diversity were correlated with fine‐scale environmental factors as a proxy of the species’ realized niche (NR). We examined relationships between abundance and environmental factors at coarse and fine scales as proxies of NF and NR, respectively. For coarse scale, ecological niche of P. lylei was modeled using all available occurrence records in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam, coupled with climatic data. We conducted field measurements of P. lylei abundance and used genetic structure data across a large portion of the species’ range. We measured Euclidean distances between abundance and genetic data and the niche centroid in environmental dimensions. Spearman’s correlation was estimated between abundance and genetic diversity vs. distance to the niche centroid. Complementarily, for the fine‐scale test, we measured multiple regression models between abundance and genetic diversity versus the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), local temperature, percent area of waterbodies, human density, and number of Buddhist temples. We failed to detect relationships between abundance and genetic diversity with the distance to the niche centroid in the coarse‐scale model. When using the fine‐scale, landscape‐level data, we found negative correlation between genetic diversity and number of temples. The data available were unable to support niche centroid hypothesis for the current distribution and abundances of P. lylei. We note that our failure to find an association does not support nor reject the niche centroid hypothesis. Instead, our capacity to test the niche centroid hypothesis may be limited by our ability to use empirical data to accurately reconstruct NF from field observations only. Future research may require physiology‐based experimental approaches to explore relationships between species abundances and the niche structure.
Historical comparisons of body size are sensitive to data availability and ecological context
Authors: Elahi Robin , Miller Luke P. , Litvin Steven Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHistorical comparisons of body size often lack pertinent details, including information on the sampling protocol and relevant ecological covariates that influence body size. Moreover, historical estimates of body size that rely on museum specimens may be biased towards larger size classes because of collector preferences, and thus size thresholds have been used to focus attention on maximum body size. We tested the consequences of sampling design, ecological covariates, and size thresholds on inferences of body‐size change using field‐contextualized historical records, rather than museum specimens. In 2014–2015, we revisited historical (1947–1963) size‐frequency distributions of three gastropods (Tegula funebralis, Lottia digitalis/L. austrodigitalis, Littorina keenae) in the context of population density and tidal height. In general, gastropods declined in size. However, our inferences regarding body‐size decline were tempered when the variation between sampling units was taken into consideration, resulting in greater uncertainty around the estimate of proportional change in body size. Gastropod size was correlated with population density and tidal height, and these relationships varied over time. Finally, the magnitude and direction of body‐size change varied with the amount of data available for analysis, demonstrating that the use of size thresholds can lead to incomplete conclusions.
Full lifetime perspectives on the costs and benefits of lay‐date variation in tree swallows
Authors: Winkler David W. , Hallinger Kelly K. , Pegan Teresa M. , Taff Conor C. , Verhoeven Mo A. , Chang van Oordt David , Stager Maria , Uehling Jennifer J. , Vitousek Maren N. , Andersen Michael J. , Ardia Daniel R. , Belmaker Amos , Ferretti Valentina , Forsman Anna M. , Gaul Jennifer R. , Llambias Paulo E. , Orzechowski Sophia C. , Shipley Jeremy Ryan , Wilson Maya , Yoon Hyun Seok 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnimals must balance various costs and benefits when deciding when to breed. The costs and benefits of breeding at different times have received much attention, but most studies have been limited to investigating short‐term season‐to‐season fitness effects. However, breeding early, versus late, in a season may influence lifetime fitness over many years, trading off in complex ways across the breeder’s lifespan. In this study, we examined the complete life histories of 867 female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding in Ithaca, New York, between 2002 and 2016. Earlier breeders outperformed later breeders in short‐term measures of reproductive output and offspring quality. Though there were weak indications that females paid long‐term future survival costs for breeding early, lifetime fledgling output was markedly higher overall in early‐breeding birds. Importantly, older females breeding later in the season did not experience compensating life history advantages that suggested an alternative equal‐fitness breeding strategy. Rather, most or all of the swallows appear to be breeding as early as they can, and differences in lay dates appear to be determined primarily by differences in individual quality or condition. Lay date had a significant repeatability across breeding attempts by the same female, and the first lay date of females fledged in our population was strongly influenced by the first lay date of their mothers, indicating the potential for ongoing selection on lay date. By examining performance over the entire lifespan of a large number of individuals, we were able to clarify the relationship between timing of breeding and fitness and gain new insight into the sources of variability in this important life history trait.
Patiromer versus placebo to enable spironolactone use in patients with resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease (AMBER): results in the pre‐specified subgroup with heart failure
Authors: Rossignol Patrick , Williams Bryan , Mayo Martha R. , Warren Suzette , Arthur Susan , Ackourey Gail , White William B. , Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: May 2020

AimsThe AMBER trial demonstrated that concomitant use of patiromer enabled the more persistent use of spironolactone by reducing the risk of hyperkalaemia in patients with resistant hypertension and advanced chronic kidney disease. We report herein the pre‐specified subgroup analysis in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsParticipants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either placebo or patiromer (8.4 g once daily), in addition to open‐label spironolactone (starting at 25 mg once daily) and their baseline blood pressure medications. Dose titrations were permitted after 1 week for patiromer/placebo and after 3 weeks for spironolactone. The primary endpoint was the between‐group difference at week 12 in the proportion of patients on spironolactone. Efficacy endpoints and safety were assessed in all randomized patients (intention to treat). A total of 295 patients were enrolled, of whom 132 (45%) had HF. In the HF subgroup, 68.1% of patients receiving placebo remained on spironolactone at week 12, compared with 84.1% of patients receiving patiromer (P = 0.0504). The reason for discontinuation from spironolactone use was hyperkalaemia in the majority of both groups. There was no significant interaction between the subgroups with HF and without HF (P = 0.8085) for the primary endpoint.ConclusionsConsistent with the overall AMBER trial results, this pre‐specified subgroup analysis in patients with HF, resistant hypertension and advanced chronic kidney disease demonstrated that patiromer enabled more persistent use of spironolactone by reducing the risk of hyperkalaemia.
Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure: prognosis and 15‐year prospective longitudinal trajectories in survivors
Authors: Santiago‐Vacas Evelyn , Lupón Josep , Gavidia‐Bovadilla Giovana , Gual‐Capllonch Francisco , de Antonio Marta , Domingo Mar , Núñez Julio , Zamora Elisabet , Teis Albert , Moliner Pedro , Codina Pau , Santesmases Javier , Bayes‐Genis Antoni 
Published: May 2020

AimsSystolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and TAPSE/SPAP ratio trajectories are not fully characterized in chronic heart failure (HF). We assessed very long‐term longitudinal SPAP, TAPSE and TAPSE/SPAP trajectories in HF patients, and their dynamic changes in outcomes.Methods and resultsProspective, consecutive, observational registry of real‐life HF patients, performing echocardiography studies at baseline and according to a prospectively structured schedule after 1 year, and then every 2 years, up to 15 years. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was defined as SPAP ≥40 mmHg; right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) was defined at TAPSE ≤16 mm; and TAPSE/SPAP ratio was dichotomized at 0.36 mm/mmHg. The clinical endpoints were all‐cause death, the composite endpoint of mortality or HF hospitalization and the number of recurrent HF hospitalizations. The study cohort included 1557 patients. Long‐term SPAP trajectory Loess curves were U‐shaped with a nadir at 7 years. TAPSE Loess curves showed a marked rise during the first year, with stabilization thereafter. TAPSE/SPAP ratio Loess splines were similar to the later with a smooth decline towards the end. Patients who died had higher SPAP, lower TAPSE and lower TAPSE/SPAP ratio in the preceding period than survivors. Baseline PH and/or RVD were independently associated with mortality and HF‐related hospitalizations, and the persistence of one or both entities at 1 year conferred a worse long‐term prognosis.ConclusionsLong‐term trajectories for SPAP, TAPSE and TAPSE/SPAP ratio are reported in patients with chronic HF. An increasing SPAP and declining TAPSE and TAPSE/SPAP ratio in the preceding period is associated with higher mortality.
Contemporary survival trends and aetiological characterization in non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Merlo Marco , Cannatà Antonio , Pio Loco Carola , Stolfo Davide , Barbati Giulia , Artico Jessica , Gentile Piero , De Paris Valerio , Ramani Federica , Zecchin Massimo , Gigli Marta , Pinamonti Bruno , Korcova Renata , Di Lenarda Andrea , Giacca Mauro , Mestroni Luisa , Camici Paolo G. , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimContemporary survival trends in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate clinical descriptors, survival trends and the prognostic impact of aetiological characterization in DCM patients.Methods and resultsDilated cardiomyopathy patients were consecutively enrolled and divided into four groups according to the period of enrolment (1978–1984; 1985–1994; 1995–2004; and 2005–2015). A subset of patients with DCM of specific aetiology, enrolled from 2005 to 2015, was also analysed. Over a mean follow‐up of 12 ± 8 years, 1284 DCM patients (52 in the 1978–1984 group, 326 in the 1985–1994 group, 379 in the 1995–2004 group, and 527 in the 2005–2015 group) were evaluated. Despite older age (mean age 51 ± 15, 43 ± 15, 45 ± 14, and 52 ± 15 years for the 1978–1984, 1985–1994, 1995–2004, and 2005–2015 groups, respectively; P < 0.001), most of the baseline clinical characteristics improved in the 2005–2015 group, suggesting a less advanced disease stage at diagnosis. Similarly, at competing risk analysis, the annual incidence of all outcome parameters progressively decreased over time (global P < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, the last period of enrolment emerged as independently associated with a reduction in all‐cause mortality/heart transplantation (HTx)/ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation (1.46 events/100 patients/year), cardiovascular death/HTx/VAD implantation (0.82 events/100 patients/year) and sudden cardiac death (0.15 events/100 patients/year). Lastly, in 287 patients with DCM of specific aetiology, patients with environmental, toxic, or removable factors appeared to have different phenotypes and prognosis compared to those with genetic, post‐myocarditis, or idiopathic DCM (P < 0.001).ConclusionsContemporary survival trends in DCM significantly improved, mainly due to a reduction of cardiovascular events. Appropriate aetiological characterization might help in prognostication of DCM patients.
Subsurface strata failure and movement based for improving gas emission control: Model development and application
Authors: Cheng Jianwei , Wang Zui , Li Siyuan , Song Wanting , Lu Weidong , Zhang Yongjun , Zhao Kang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn underground mining operations, the overlying strata move, deform, and crack as the underground working face advances due to strata breakage, failure, and subsidence, forming a “vertical three zone” over the mined out area. The permeability of strata under mining changes differently in different zones. Therefore, studying the distribution of strata permeability is very important to obtain knowledge of gas migration pattern in the overlying strata in order to increase the gas extraction efficiency. In this study, a series of numerical models are developed to describe the overlying strata movement for three different zones. In detail, models for calculating the strata subsidence for fracture and bending zones and analyzing strata collapsing development for the caving zone are proposed based on the influence function method and mechanical analyses. In addition, on the basis of such models, a new comprehensive model to describe the strain‐porosity‐permeability of strata is developed. In the case study of applying such models in an underground mine, the reliability of the strata movement model is verified and the permeability change is also calculated, which gives a good guidance to design the location of gas drainage roadway practices in the future. The field engineering practice shows its good application.
Experimental evaluation of ASP flooding to improve oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs by layered injection approach
Authors: Huang Bin , Hu Xinyu , Fu Cheng , Wang Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo improve the oil displacement effect of ASP (alkali/surfactant/polymer) solution in heterogeneous oil reservoirs, layered injection technology is proposed for the first time for Daqing Oilfield. The technology uses partial pressure tools to control the injection amount of ASP solution in high‐permeability oil layers and uses a partial quality tool in low‐permeability oil layers. To study the experimental effect of this layered injection technology, the relationships between the different permeability, molecular weight, and concentration of the ASP solution, as well as the resistance coefficient and residual resistance coefficient, are first established, and then, a layered injection experimental model is established to carry out experimental research on injection capacity and oil displacement capacity. The experimental results show that the smaller the range of the core permeability is, the larger the molecular weight and concentration of the ASP solution are, and the poorer the injection capacity of the ASP solution is. After the action of a partial pressure tool and a partial quality tool, the injection capacity of ASP solution is improved to different degrees, and the oil displacement effect of low‐permeability cores is significantly improved, while the total oil recovery is increased, and the total oil recovery of heterogeneous cores under different conditions is increased by 1.4%‐4.05%. This experiment is of great significance to the study of improving the oil recovery of heterogeneous reservoirs.
Research progress in coal and gas co‐mining modes in China
Authors: Liu Jun , Yang Tong , Wang Lin , Chen Xiangjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh gas mines and outburst mines contribute to more than 30% of the coal production capacity in China. In view of this, coordinating the development and use of coal and gas has become an urgent concern for China's coal industry. After years of efforts, the concept of a co‐mining mode for coal and gas in China has gone through many stages, including theoretical discussion, engineering application, and assumption of concepts. Three modes have been gradually developed: the Huainan mode, based on pressure relief co‐mining of a protective layer; the Jincheng mode, based on directional long borehole co‐mining; and the YangQuan/SongZao mode, based on cross‐layer borehole co‐mining. These modes provide strong direction and the impetus to solve current predicaments and challenges of coal mining in China. Under the concept of “green” extraction and the corresponding urgent needs for environmental protection, high efficiency, and energy‐saving extraction, experts and scholars in the coal industry are also exploring development trends for coal in the future. For example, researchers have suggested idealized mining methods for replacing traditional mining methods, including fluidized mining technology, intelligent unmanned mining technology, precision mining technology, green development of abandoned mines technology, and mining based on other technical means.
Application of Biomarker Tools Using Bivalve Models Toward the Development of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Authors: Khan Bushra , Ho Kay T. , Burgess Robert M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As contaminant exposures in aquatic ecosystems continue to increase, the need for streamlining research efforts in environmental toxicology using predictive frameworks also grows. One such framework is the adverse outcome pathway (AOP). An AOP framework organizes and utilizes toxicological information to connect measurable molecular endpoints to an adverse outcome of regulatory relevance via a series of events at different levels of biological organization. Molecular endpoints or biomarkers are essential to develop AOPs and are valuable early warning signs of the toxicity of pollutants, including contaminants of emerging concern. Ecological risk-assessment approaches using tools such as biomarkers and AOPs benefit from identification of molecular targets conserved across species. Bivalve models are useful in such approaches and integral to our understanding of ecological and human health risks associated with contaminant exposures. We discuss the value of using biomarker approaches in bivalve models to meet the demands of twenty-first-century toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1472–1484. © 2020 SETAC
Estimating Environmental Hazard and Risks from Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Outcome of a SETAC Focused Topic Meeting
Authors: Johnson Mark S. , Buck Robert C. , Cousins Ian T. , Weis Christopher P. , Fenton Suzanne E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of highly fluorinated synthetic chemicals that were originally developed for uses as surfactants and surface protectors. Increasingly, specific substances of this class are being found in environmental media (e.g., surface water, soils, sediments, food sources), and concerns regarding exposure to humans and environmental receptors have been described by the public, legislators, and the general population. Data suggest that some PFAS (such as certain of the long-chain ones) bioaccumulate and have long biological half-lives, particularly in humans. Toxicity data in various organisms are variable as are their toxicokinetics. A Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Focused Topic Meeting and workshop entitled Environmental Risk Assessment of PFAS convened during 12 to 15 August, 2019 in Durham, North Carolina (USA) and brought together experts from around the globe to highlight recent advances in research pertinent to evaluating environmental and human health risks from exposures. The objectives of the Focused Topic Meeting and workshop were: 1) to review new and emerging information on PFAS chemical classification and grouping, environmental chemistry, detection technology, fate and transport, exposure potential, human health toxicity, and ecological toxicity; and 2) to harness the expertise of attendees to discuss and formulate a roadmap to prioritize the study of specific PFAS with the goal of developing a risk assessment approach that considers mechanistic (including computational) data for extrapolating exposure and data across different species/scenarios and compounds within environmental exposure pathways. We present the key issues that were discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:543–549. © 2020 SETAC
Antioxidative activity of oyster protein hydrolysates Maillard reaction products
Authors: He Shan , Chen Yaonan , Brennan Charles , Young David James , Chang Kun , Wadewitz Peter , Zeng Qingzhu , Yuan Yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA two‐step process of enzymatic hydrolyzation followed by Maillard reaction was used to produce oyster meat hydrolysate Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The flavor of oyster meat hydrolysate MRPs was significantly improved through an optimized orthogonal experimental design. Comparisons between the antioxidative activities of oyster meat hydrolysates and their MRPs were made using lipid peroxidation inhabitation, hydroxyl radical scavenging radical activity, and radical scavenging activity of 2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). These methods indicated that an improvement of Maillard reaction on the oyster meat hydrolysates antioxidative activity. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry illustrated that the increase was due to the newly formed antioxidative compounds after Maillard reaction, mainly of acids from 22.45% to 37.77% and phenols from 0% to 9.88%.
Implementing a second generation CCS facility on a coal fired power station – results of a feasibility study to retrofit SaskPower's Shand power station with CCS
Authors: Giannaris Stavroula , Bruce Corwyn , Jacobs Brent , Srisang Wayuta , Janowczyk Dominika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn 2018, the International CCS Knowledge Centre (CCS Knowledge Centre) conducted a feasibility study with SaskPower to determine if a business case could be made for a postcombustion, carbon capture retrofit of SaskPower's Shand Power station, a 305‐MW, single‐unit, lignite coal‐fired power station located near Estevan, Saskatchewan. Specifically, Mitsubishi heavy industries’ KM CDR technology was evaluated for this study. While no decision has been made, should SaskPower decide to proceed, the Shand carbon capture and storage (CCS) project would produce the second, full‐scale capture facility in Saskatchewan with a nominal capacity of 2 million tonnes of CO2 (Mt) per year. This paper summarizes the key technical and economic findings of this study. Notably this study found that the capital costs of the potential Shand CCS facility are decreased by 67% on a per tonne of CO2 captured basis when compared to the CCS retrofit of Unit 3 at the Boundary Dam Power Station (the world's first industrial scale CCS installation on a coal fired power station). The proposed capture facility would also have a load following operational profile, reduction in parasitic loses by employing heat integration strategies, and need no additional water draw to provide the required increase in cooling duty. © 2020 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.