bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2H‐Indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐trione derivatives: Inhibition on some metabolic enzymes and molecular docking studies
Authors: Taslimi Parham , Türkan Fikret , Turhan Kadir , Karaman Halide Sedef , Turgut Zuhal , Gulcin İlhami 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, substituted 2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐1,6,11‐trione compounds (4a–d) obtained via one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, cyclic 1,3‐dione, and phthalhydrazide in ethanol catalyzed by Y(OTf)3 showed satisfactory inhibitory effects against some important enzymes. Also, these molecules had Ki values in the row of 185.92 ± 36.03‐294.82 ± 50.76 nM vs carbonic anhydrase I (CA I), 204.93 ± 46.90‐374.10 ± 83.63 nM against human CA II, 937.16 ± 205.82‐1021.83 ± 193.66 nM against α‐glycosidase (α‐Gly), respectively. For cholinesterase enzymes, the Ki values were found in the range of 47.26 ± 9.62‐72.05 ± 19.47 nM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 65.03 ± 9.88‐102.83 ± 25.04 nM against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), respectively. The inhibition effects of these compounds against enzymes whose name are AChE, BChE, α‐Gly, hCA I, and hCA II, were compared with control molecules like tacrine, acarbose, and acetazolamide.
Rosette Trajectories Enable Ungated, Motion‐Robust, Simultaneous Cardiac and Liver T2* Iron Assessment
Authors: Bush Adam M. , Sandino Christopher M. , Ramachandran Shreya , Ong Frank , Dwork Nicholas , Zucker Evan J. , Syed Ali B. , Pauly John M. , Alley Marcus T. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundQuantitative T2* MRI is the standard of care for the assessment of iron overload. However, patient motion corrupts T2* estimates.PurposeTo develop and evaluate a motion‐robust, simultaneous cardiac and liver T2* imaging approach using non‐Cartesian, rosette sampling and a model‐based reconstruction as compared to clinical‐standard Cartesian MRI.Study TypeProspective.Phantom/PopulationSix ferumoxytol‐containing phantoms (26–288 μg/mL). Eight healthy subjects and 18 patients referred for clinically indicated iron overload assessment.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, 2D Cartesian and rosette gradient echo (GRE)AssessmentGRE T2* values were validated in ferumoxytol phantoms. In healthy subjects, test–retest and spatial coefficient of variation (CoV) analysis was performed during three breathing conditions. Cartesian and rosette T2* were compared using correlation and Bland–Altman analysis. Images were rated by three experienced radiologists on a 5‐point scale.Statistical TestsLinear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and paired Student's t‐testing were used to compare reproducibility and variability metrics in Cartesian and rosette scans. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to assess reader score comparisons and reader reliability was measured using intraclass correlation analysis.ResultsRosette R2* (1/T2*) was linearly correlated with ferumoxytol concentration (r2 = 1.00) and not significantly different than Cartesian values (P = 0.16). During breath‐holding, ungated rosette liver and heart T2* had lower spatial CoV (liver: 18.4 ± 9.3% Cartesian, 8.8% ± 3.4% rosette, P = 0.02, heart: 37.7% ± 14.3% Cartesian, 13.4% ± 1.7% rosette, P = 0.001) and higher‐quality scores (liver: 3.3 [3.0–3.6] Cartesian, 4.7 [4.1–4.9] rosette, P = 0.005, heart: 3.0 [2.3–3] Cartesian, 4.5 [3.8–5.0] rosette, P = 0.005) compared to Cartesian values. During free‐breathing and failed breath‐holding, Cartesian images had very poor to average image quality with significant artifacts, whereas rosette remained very good, with minimal artifacts (P = 0.001).Data ConclusionRosette k‐sampling with a model‐based reconstruction offers a clinically useful motion‐robust T2* mapping approach for iron quantification. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1688–1698.
Encoding electromagnetic transformation laws for dimensional reduction
Authors: Lehmann Marcus Christian , Hadžiefendić Mirsad , Piwonski Albert , Schuhmann Rolf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic phenomena are mathematically described by solutions of boundary value problems. For exploiting symmetries of these boundary value problems in a way that is offered by techniques of dimensional reduction, it needs to be justified that the derivative in symmetry direction is constant or even vanishing. A generalized notion of symmetry can be defined with different directions at every point in space, as long as it is possible to exhibit unidirectional symmetry in some coordinate representation. This can be achieved, for example, when the symmetry direction is given by the direct construction out of a unidirectional symmetry via a coordinate transformation which poses a demand on the boundary value problem. Coordinate independent formulations of boundary value problems do exist but turning that theory into practice demands a pedantic process of backtranslation to the computational notions. This becomes even more challenging when multiple chained transformations are necessary for propagating a symmetry. We try to fill this gap and present the more general, isolated problems of that translation. Within this contribution, the partial derivative and the corresponding chain rule for multivariate calculus are investigated with respect to their encodability in computational terms. We target the layer above univariate calculus, but below tensor calculus.
A 14‐Gb/s dual‐mode receiver with MIPI D‐PHY and C‐PHY interfaces for mobile display drivers
Authors: Kim Tae‐Jin , Hwang Jong‐Il , Lee Sangkyu , Chun Sengsub , Ryu Seong‐Young , Lee Soo‐Joo , Cho Hyunwoo , Tak Wonho , Kim Yong‐Jae , Lee Hoomin , Pae Hansu , Lim Hyun‐Wook , Lee Jae‐Youl 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a 14‐Gb/s dual‐mode receiver with MIPI D‐PHY and C‐PHY interfaces for mobile display drivers. To reduce size overhead from the dual‐mode interfaces, we propose the termination circuit that shares 50‐Ω terminations and common‐mode capacitors while maintaining a perfectly matched load balance. The proposed dual‐mode receiver can support 14‐Gb/s total bandwidth in each interface mode, resulting in broad compatibility with application processors. A mobile display driver using the proposed dual‐mode receiver is fabricated in a 28‐nm high‐voltage CMOS process and verified up to 3.5 Gb/s per lane in the D‐PHY mode and 2.2 Gs/s per trio in the C‐PHY.
Systematic evaluation and optimization of high‐performance liquid chromatography separation of polyoxins
Authors: Li Zhidong , Fu Qing , Li Shiliang , Jin Yu , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe chromatographic behavior of a kind of nucleoside peptides, polyoxins, was investigated in this study. Molecular simulation technique was used to elucidate the temperature‐dependent peak sharpening of polyoxins. There was a relatively small energy barrier between the global minimum conformer and the local minimum conformer of polyoxin A and the high temperature helped to quickly cross the energy barrier and accelerate the conformational transformation for getting the global minimum, so that stationary phase could not identify these two conformations and presented a sharp peak. Two kinds of mixed‐mode columns, strong cation exchange or strong anion exchange ligands bonded with C18 (C18SCX and C18SAX) were used to improve separation selectivity of four polyoxins (A, K, F, H). The electrostatic attraction was necessary to increase the retention to ensure that the alkyl chain can give better play to its hydrophobic effect. Therefore, four polyoxins were well separated on C18SCX at pH 2 and they were also well separated on C18SAX at pH 7. In the small‐scale purification of polyoxins, the sample loading of the C18SCX was five times than that of the C18SAX and the purity of the collected four polyoxins was all over 90%.
Evaluating equity in scholarly publishing
Authors: Taylor Simone , Spilka Susan , Monahan Kristen , Mulhern Isabel , Wachter Jeri 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Workplace Equity Project (WE) conducted a global survey in 2018 to map the parameters that define the scholarly publishing landscape, understand the drivers for change, and recommend solutions for delivering improved outcomes. Results find that there are imbalances in diversity inherent in the workforce (96% with a Bachelor's degree or higher, 76% female, 83% heterosexual, 81% White, and 89% report no disabilities) and that outcomes diverge for respondents based on their gender and ethnicity, highlighting distinct inequities in the workplace. The leadership profile is more male (33% vs. 21%), and more White (91% vs. 81%) than the sample as a whole. Moreover, those respondents with characteristics more reflective of the leadership profile are more likely to report that they believe they are fairly compensated, recognized by the leadership, and have fair opportunities for advancement. The article recommends improvements to current practice in recruitment, sponsorship and advocacy, and staff retention to drive change towards creating a more equitable, inclusive workforce.Key points
Senior leaders in scholarly publishing are more likely to be older, White males with master's degrees.
The chances of attaining a senior position in scholarly publishing are higher for White males with no tertiary‐level qualifications than for Black females with postgraduate degrees.
Most demographic groups (with the exception of the Black cohort) recognize their own challenges but are blind to the bias experienced by other groups.
Direct line management practice defines individual experience irrespective of organizational policy.
White and Asian males are more likely to be satisfied with career prospects and rewards than other groups.
White women are more likely to be satisfied with their current positions than other groups.
Job satisfaction in scholarly publishing varies according to ethnicity and gender, and companies have a duty to be more inclusive and diverse in their employment.
Interactions between sediment microbial ecology and physical dynamics drive heterogeneity in contextually similar depositional systems
Authors: Hope J. A. , Malarkey J. , Baas J. H. , Peakall J. , Parsons D. R. , Manning A. J. , Bass S. J. , Lichtman I. D. , Thorne P. D. , Ye L. , Paterson D. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the interactions between sediment stability and biological and physical variables that influence the erodibility across different habitats. Sampling at short‐term temporal scales illustrated the persistence of the microphytobenthos (MPB) biomass even during periods of frequent, high physical disturbance. The role of MPB in biological stabilization along the changing sedimentary habitat was also assessed. Key biological and physical properties, such as the MPB biomass, composition, and extracellular polymeric substances, were used to predict the sediment stability (erosion threshold) of muddy and sandy habitats within close proximity to one another over multiple days, and within emersion periods. The effects of dewatering, MPB growth, and productivity were examined as well as the resilience and recovery of the MPB community after disturbance from tidal currents and waves. Canonical analysis of principal components (CAP) ordinations were used to visualize and assess the trends observed in biophysical properties between the sites, and marginal and sequential distance‐based linear models were used to identify the key properties influencing erodibility. While the particle size of the bed was important for differences between sites in the CAP analysis, it contributed less to the variability in sediment erodibility than key biological parameters. Among the biological predictors, MPB diversity explained very little variation in marginal tests but was a significant predictor in sequential tests when MPB biomass was also considered. MPB diversity and biomass were both key predictors of sediment stability, contributing 9% and 10%, respectively, to the final model compared to 2% explained by grain size.
Infrared Laser Effect on Healthy and Ossified Costal Cartilage: The Development of Stable Load‐Bearing Autoimplants
Authors: Alexandrovskaya Yulia M. , Baum Olga I. , Yuzhakov Alexey V. , Svistushkin Valery M. , Buzmakov Alexey V. , Krivonosov Yuriy S. , Roshchin Boris S. , Zolotov Denis A. 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectiveThe laser‐induced stress relaxation provides new prospects to obtain stable long fragments of costal cartilage for autoimplantation avoiding the risk of spontaneous deformation and poor engraftment. However, the age‐related alterations of cartilage may sufficiently influence its interaction with infrared (IR) laser radiation and disrupt the effectiveness and safety of the technique. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the structural quality of costal cartilage on its interaction with IR laser and efficiency of obtaining of curved implants for trachea surgery.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHealthy costal cartilage was taken from pigs and human. Ossified costal cartilage was taken from humans of age 65 ± 7. The cartilage slices with a mean thickness of 3 mm were mechanically curved and processed to stress relaxation by laser irradiation with the wavelength 1.56 µm. The structure and mineral content were studied by X‐ray microtomography and element analysis. The optical measurements included the study of the propagation of IR radiation, speckle interferometry, and IR radiometry.ResultsThe aged cartilage demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity in structure and properties and decreased water content. The presence of dense inclusions consisting of amorphous calcined volumes makes the tissue more fragile and less elastic. The IR radiation propagation intensity for aged cartilage is at least twice higher than that for healthy cartilage. The thermal‐induced motion of scatterers in aged cartilage is slower. X‐ray microtomography showed the cartilage‐like and the bone‐like structures within the ossified samples.ConclusionsThe main challenge for laser reshaping of aged cartilage is the presence of ossifications. However, the new stable curvature can be obtained with adjustment of laser power. To obtain the satisfying stable curvature of an implant the ossified volumes should be avoided The laser‐induced stress‐relaxation mechanism for aged cartilage can be particularly different from that of healthy tissue and the optimal laser regimes should be specified. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Actions to Promote and Achieve Climate-Ready Fisheries: Summary of Current Practice
Authors: Bell Richard J. , Odell Jay , Kirchner Gway , Lomonico Serena 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Climate change impacts to ocean ecosystems are altering the distribution and abundance of fish populations and impacting the people whose health, well-being, and livelihoods depend on them. Thousands of published papers make it very clear that fish are on the move, alterations in productivity are occurring, and natural and human ecosystems are responding to climate variability and change. Across the globe, numerous high-level strategies have been developed to provide guidance for managing fisheries in the face of climate change, but specific examples of implementation and actionable decision making in real-world situations to address climate change impacts are generally lacking. Here we present a review of tangible actions that have been undertaken to reduce, mitigate, and confront climate change impacts to fisheries at a range of levels from individual choice to federal governance. Actions fall into seven general categories covering conservation of natural marine resources, emerging fisheries, reference points, future planning, integrated monitoring and management, and increasing adaptive capacity across all levels. We found that diverse fishery actors around the globe, including managers, scientists, and industry, are taking actions to address climate impacts, but given the scale of the problem there are relatively few intentional, well-documented examples of tactical responses.
Genetic and clinical characterization of mainland Chinese patients with sialidosis type 1
Authors: Han Xiaoxu , Wu Shijing , Wang Min , Li Hui , Huang Yan , Sui Ruifang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSialidosis type 1 is a rare inherited disorder with a high disability. No genetically confirmed mainland Chinese patient with sialidosis type 1 has been reported. This study evaluated the phenotypes and genotypes of mainland Chinese patients with sialidosis type 1.MethodsIt was a retrospective case series study. Four unrelated patients were enrolled. Comprehensive clinical evaluations and molecular genetic analysis of the NEU1 gene were performed.ResultsThree out of four patients presented progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The best‐corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/2000 to 20/25. Punctate cataracts were found in all of the patients. Distinct macular cherry red spots were observed in three patients by fundoscopy, and a relatively normal fundus was revealed in one patient. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed increased reflectivity of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) revealed hyperautofluorescent areas surrounding the fovea in all of the patients. Only superficial retinal vessels can be observed using OCT angiography; the deeper capillary plexus could not be observed. Visual evoked potential revealed varying degrees of decreased amplitude and/or prolonged latency of P100 or P2 waves. The most frequent sequence variant identified was c.544A>G (p.S182G) (NM_000434.3).ConclusionsOur study first described the ophthalmic and neurologic characteristics of a small cohort of unrelated mainland Chinese patients with sialidosis type 1. We found that c.544A>G (p. S182G) might be a hotspot variant in Chinese patients. The accumulation of metabolic products in the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers is a characteristic ocular finding that could be sensitively detected by OCT and FAF imaging.
Fibromyalgia Self‐Management: Mapping the behaviour change techniques used in a practice‐based programme
Authors: Pearson Jennifer , Whale Katie , Walsh Nicola E , Derham Sandi , Russell Julie , Cramp Fiona 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia (FM) is a complex long‐term condition associated with pain, fatigue and concentration difficulties. There is limited robust evidence for the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for FM, with current guidelines recommending nonpharmacological interventions. The clinically developed Fibromyalgia Self‐Management Programme (FSMP) is a nonpharmacological, multidisciplinary education group intervention. The FSMP aims to provide condition‐specific, patient‐centred education and exercise advice, supporting the development of core self‐management skills. This research aimed to map the FSMP to a recommended behaviour change taxonomy (BCT).MethodsNon‐participatory observations of the 4‐ and 6‐week FSMP were conducted. Detailed notes on the content of the course, therapist delivery and any additional content not included in the manual were recorded. Subsequently, semistructured interviews were conducted with both therapists (n = 4) and patients (n = 9). Observation and a review of the FSMP manual data were deductively coded to the BCT. Interview data were added to the framework.ResultsThe review of the FSMP manual and observations of the course showed that the programme coded onto 12 of the 16 BCT domains, encompassing 22 behaviour change techniques. Both patient and therapist interviews indicated that patients made positive changes, including increased activity levels, pacing, better quality sleep and improved communication with family members. Patients reported improvements to symptoms as a result of attending the course.ConclusionsThe FSMP utilises a range of behaviour change techniques. Patients who attend the course feel supported to make changes to their behaviour, enabling them to manage their symptoms more effectively.
A second‐order face‐centred finite volume method on general meshes with automatic mesh adaptation
Authors: Giacomini Matteo , Sevilla Ruben 
Published: May 2020

SummaryA second‐order face‐centred finite volume strategy on general meshes is proposed. The method uses a mixed formulation in which a constant approximation of the unknown is computed on the faces of the mesh. Such information is then used to solve a set of problems, independent cell‐by‐cell, to retrieve the local values of the solution and its gradient. The main novelty of this approach is the introduction of a new basis function, utilised for the linear approximation of the primal variable in each cell. Contrary to the commonly used nodal basis, the proposed basis is suitable for computations on general meshes, including meshes with different cell types. The resulting approach provides second‐order accuracy for the solution and first‐order for its gradient, without the need of reconstruction procedures, is robust in the incompressible limit and insensitive to cell distortion and stretching. The second‐order accuracy of the solution is exploited to devise an automatic mesh adaptivity strategy. An efficient error indicator is obtained from the computation of one extra local problem, independent cell‐by‐cell, and is used to drive mesh adaptivity. Numerical examples illustrating the approximation properties of the method and of the mesh adaptivity procedure are presented. The potential of the proposed method with automatic mesh adaptation is demonstrated in the context of microfluidics.
Probabilistic learning and updating of a digital twin for composite material systems
Authors: Ghanem Roger , Soize Christian , Mehrez Loujaine , Aitharaju Venkat 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article presents an approach for characterizing and estimating statistical dependence between a large number of observables in a composite material system. Conditional regression is carried out using the estimated joint density function, permitting a systematic exploration of interdependence between fine scale and coarse observables that can be used for both prognosis and design of complex material systems. An example demonstrates the integration of experimental data with a computational database. The statistical approach is based on the probabilistic learning on manifolds recently developed by the authors. This approach leverages intrinsic structure detected through diffusion on graphs with projected stochastic differential equations to generate samples constrained to that structure.
Error estimation and mesh adaptivity for the virtual element method based on recovery by compatibility in patches
Authors: D'Altri Antonio Maria , de Miranda Stefano , Patruno Luca , Artioli Edoardo , Lovadina Carlo 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this article, a recovery by compatibility in patches (RCP)‐based a posteriori error estimator is proposed for the virtual element method (VEM), and it is utilized to drive adaptive mesh refinement processes in two‐dimensional elasticity problems. In RCP, recovered stresses are obtained by minimizing the complementary energy of patches of elements over a set of assumed equilibrated stress modes. To this aim, the explicit knowledge of displacements is only needed along the patch boundaries and no knowledge of superconvergent points is required, so making the RCP naturally suitable for the VEM. The a posteriori error estimation is conducted by comparing the stress field of a standard displacement‐based VEM solution and the stress field obtained through RCP. The procedure is simple, and it does not require ad hoc modifications for small patches. The capability of this RCP‐based error estimator to drive adaptive mesh refinements is successfully demonstrated through various numerical examples.