bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum random number generator based on single-photon emitter in gallium nitride
Authors: Luo Qing , Cheng Zedi , Fan Junkai , Tan Lijuan , Song Haizhi , Deng Guangwei , Wang You , Zhou Qiang 
Published: July 2020

We experimentally demonstrate a real-time quantum random number generator by using a room-temperature single-photon emitter from the defect in a commercial gallium nitride wafer. Due to the brightness of our single-photon emitter, the raw bit generation rate is about 1.8 MHz, and the unbiased bit generation rate is about 420 kHz after the von Neumann’s randomness extraction procedure. Our results show that the commercial gallium nitride wafer has great potential for the development of integrated high-speed quantum random number generator devices.
The neo-pin ups: Reimagining mid-twentieth-century style and sensibilities
Authors: Hackett Lisa J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pin Up style has made a comeback with dozens of pin up competitions featuring at retro car festivals and events across Australia. A sub-culture has grown up around this phenomenon, with boutiques, celebrities and online influencers celebrating its aesthetic. I refer to this group as ‘neo-pin ups’ to differentiate them from the pin ups of the mid-twentieth century. Despite heralding the style and beauty of 1940s and 1950s pin ups, these neo-pin ups bear little resemblance to their mid-century counterparts. Researchers such as Madeleine Hamilton have investigated the era of the original Australian 1940s and 1950s pin up, finding an image deemed to be both ‘wholesome’ and ‘patriotic’ and suitable for the troops on the front lines. Ironically, this social approval resulted in pin up evolving in a more explicit direction throughout the 1960s as epitomized by Playboy magazine and the Miss World competitions. During this time, the increasingly influential feminist movement challenged the way women were viewed in society, particularly in regard to objectification and the male gaze. This critique continues today with the #metoo and gender equality movements. This article investigates how and why Australian women are transforming the image of the 1940s and 1950s pin up. Drawing upon interviews and observations conducted within the Australian neo-pin up culture, this article demonstrates how neo-pin ups draw on contemporary mores, rejecting the social values of their mid-century counterparts and reclaiming women’s place in society and history, from a female point of view. Neo-pin ups are not looking to return to the past, instead they are rewriting what pin ups represent to the present and future.
Trap, trash and theory
Authors: Kaluža Jernej 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article was first published in 2016 and uses philosophical conceptual tools (referring mostly to Gilles Deleuze and Friedrich Nietzsche) to analyse the phenomenon of trap music. The text does not discuss the questions of genre and music classifications but tries to capture the prevailing spirit and effect of trap music: trap is trap, pure tautology, pure reality, materiality and banality at the same time. Trap affirms what is, here and now. In this context, the author discerns the amoral and materialist philosophy in the background of the trap phenomenon. Even though trap seems an apolitical and conformist music, it can also carry implicit rebellious and anti-capitalistic potentials.
The Use of Gimmick in William Golding's Major Novels
Authors: Sabir Hawar H. , Arif Safeen N. 
Published: July 2020

The problem that this paper deals with is that the unexplained or surprising endings in some of William Golding’s novels can affect the thematic structures of the novels concerned. Furthermore, they influence the nature of the messages desired to be communicated by the author. Unexpected incidents in stories, such as uncalled for discoveries and revelations, can occur at any part of a story, serving the intention of heightening the readers’ suspense. Story endings (especially when they are vaguely unexpected, unprepared for, and unexplained) are influential in turning the direction of events completely. Golding, as a famous modern British writer, is successful in employing special ways or tricks (he calls them “gimmicks”) to conclude the plots of his novels strikingly. Because of this complicated manner of presentation, the endings of the first three of his novels, namely, Lord of the Flies (1954), The Inheritors (1955), and Pincher Martin (1956) all share tricky endings. Gindin, in his study of the gimmick in Golding’s novels (1960: 145-152), tries to relate the shift of emphasis in Golding’s endings to the use of metaphor. The aim of this paper is to examine how such seemingly unfitting endings are organized in such a way as to fit into the whole thematic structure of the novels. Likewise, it aims at examining the plots and the nature of characters and other elements that twist the course of events in the stories, causing some radical changes in readers’ views. Among the findings of the paper is that Golding, through certain incidents, presents hints that help in preparing for unexpected later results.
Usahatani Jagung Dalam Kebijakan Peningkatan Produksi Pangan Di Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Astuti Herlena Bidi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAKJagung merupakan komoditas tanaman pangan paling strategis setelah padi, selain sebagai komoditas pangan jagung juga merupakan bahan baku utama pakan ternak. Banyak program diluncurkan oleh pemerintah untuk peningkatan produksi pangan khususnya jagung salah satu program unggulan pemerintah adalah UPSUS (Upaya Khusus) untuk peningkatan beberapa komoditas unggulan Pertanian diantaranya adalah jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran usahatani jagung dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan peningkatan produksi pangan dan respon petani terhadap efektifitas program di Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2016 dengan metode survey, lokasi ditentukan secara purposive di wilayah sentra jagung dan penerima bantuan UPSUS Jagung yaitu Kabupaten Rejang Lebong dan Kabupaten Seluma. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode survey menggunakan kuesioner terhadap sampel 60 orang responden petani jagung yang ditentukan secara random (simple random sampling). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis perbandingan MBCR dan Net MBCR (komparatif before - after)dari biaya produksi, produktivitas usahatani, keuntungan dan luasan lahan. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa terjadi peningkatan 12,8% produksi, 12,8 % Keuntungan, MBCR 1,63 dan Nett MBCR 1,02 dari usahatani jagung tingkat petani karena kebijakan pemerintah untuk peningkatan produksi pangan.
KETAHANAN PANGAN KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Prayitno Gunawan Prayitno 
Published: July 2020

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) 2017 menyebutkan rata-rata pertumbuhan penduduk Provinsi Jawa Barat dari tahun 2010-2016 adalah 1,54% pertahun.Pertumbuhan penduduk yang meningkat tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan produktivitas tanaman pangan yang secara keseluruhanmengalamipenurunan.Tidak seimbangnya neraca produktivitas pangan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk dapat mengakibatkan kelangkaan pangan, sehingga menyebabkan kerawanan pangan dibeberapa Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Barat. Studi ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi tingkat ketahanan pangan di setiap Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis yang dikeluarkan oleh Food World Programme(FWP) melalui pendekatan food security and vulnurability atlas(FSVA) yang mengacu pada 9 indikator ketahanan pangan. Hasil analisis kondisi ketahanan pangan yaitu seluruh Kabupaten/ Kota Provinsi Jawa Barat termasuk kategori tahan pangan. Terdapat 25 kabupaten/kota merupakan wilayah dengan kategori ketahanan pangan prioritas 6 (sangat tahan pangan) dan 2 kabupaten/kota termasuk kategori prioritas 5 (tahan pangan). Kabupaten Cianjur dan Kota Cimahi merupakan wilayah dengan nilai ketahanan pangan terendah yang tergolong dalam prioritas 5 (tahan pangan). Kabupaten Bandung, Kabupaten Kuningan dan Kabupaten Majalengka merupakan wilayah yang memiliki nilai indeks ketahanan pangan tertinggi dengan nilai 0,96. Nilai indeks ketahanan pangan Provinsi Jawa Barat adalah 0,9 yang menandakan bahwa tingkat ketahanan pangan di Provinsi Jawa Barat termasuk dalam kategori 6 (sangat tahan pangan).
Detection of Clostridioides difficile by Real-time PCR in Young Children Does Not Predict Disease
Authors: Pahud Barbara A. , Hassan Ferdaus , Harrison Christopher J. , Halasa Natasha B. , Chappell James D. , Englund Janet A. , Klein Eileen J. , Szilagyi Peter G. , Weinberg Geoffrey A. , Sherman Ashley K. , Polage Christopher , Wikswo Mary E. , McDonald L. Clifford , Payne Daniel C. , Selvarangan Rangaraj 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Diagnosing Clostridioides difficile infections in young children with high asymptomatic colonization is challenging. We compared the frequency of C difficile detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in healthy control (HC) children with those with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and evaluated fecal-lactoferrin and organism load as possible indicators of true C difficile infection disease.

METHODS:
Stool was collected from children &lt;2 years old with AGE and from HCs. C difficile was detected by real-time PCR, and lactoferrin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical data were obtained via interviews and chart review. Mann–Whitney U test and χ2 tests were used for group comparisons.

RESULTS:
Of 524 stools collected from 524 children (250 with AGE, 274 HCs), C difficile was detected less in children with AGE (14%, 36 of 250) than in HCs (28%, 76 of 274) stools (P &lt; .0001). Among infants &lt;1 year old (n = 297), C difficile was detected in 18% of children with AGE versus 32% of HCs (P &lt; .005), and among children 1 to 2 years old (n = 227), C difficile was detected in 10% of children with AGE versus 21% of HCs (P &lt; .02). There was no significant difference in C difficile PCR cycle threshold values between children with AGE and HCs or lactoferrin levels in C difficile PCR-positive versus -negative stools.

CONCLUSIONS:
HC children &lt;2 years of age had higher rates of C difficile detection by PCR than children with AGE; C difficile detection by real-time PCR alone is not a reliable means to diagnose C difficile disease in children &lt;2 years old.
Developing an Interfacility Transfer Handoff Intervention: Applying the Person-Based Approach Method
Authors: Rosenthal Jennifer L. , Sauers-Ford Hadley S. , Hamline Michelle Y. , Natale JoAnne E. , Marcin James P. , Li Su-Ting T. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To develop an interfacility transfer handoff intervention by applying the person-based approach method.

METHODS:
We conducted a qualitative study that used nominal group technique (NGT) and focus groups to apply the person-based approach for intervention development. NGT methods were used to determine prioritized pediatric transfer handoff elements to design the initial intervention prototype. Five focus group sessions were then held to solicit feedback on the intervention, perceptions on implementing the intervention, and outcomes for evaluating the intervention. Data were analyzed by using content analysis. Iterative improvements were made to the intervention prototype as data emerged.

RESULTS:
Forty-two clinical providers in total participated in NGT and focus group sessions, including physicians, advanced practitioners, nurses, and a respiratory therapist. The initial intervention prototype was a handoff mnemonic tool, “SHARING” (short introduction, how the patient appeared, action taken, responses and results, interpretation, next steps, gather documents). Perceived benefits of the intervention included clarifying handoff expectations, reducing handoff deficits, supporting less experienced clinical providers, and setting the stage for ongoing effective communication. Outcomes perceived to be meaningful were related to triage appropriateness, workflow and use, and communication and information sharing. The final version of the intervention consisted of a SHARING reference card and a SHARING electronic medical record note template.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using qualitative methods to apply the person-based approach to intervention development, we developed a transfer handoff intervention. Future research is needed to examine impacts of this tool; outcomes can include those identified as meaningful by participants in our present study.
Inpatient Treatment of Acute Otitis Media at a Pediatric Hospital: A Missed Teaching Opportunity for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: MacBrayne Christine E. , Williams Manon C. , Poole Nicole M. , Pearce Kelly , Cotter Jillian M. , Parker Sarah K. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric condition known to contribute to excessive antibiotic use in the outpatient setting. Treatment of AOM in the inpatient setting has not been described. The objective was to describe the clinical features and inpatient management of AOM to harness this entity to teach learners about judicious antibiotic prescribing in all settings.

METHODS:
This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of inpatients treated for AOM from January 2015 to December 2018. Patients were included if they had an antibiotic ordered and either a provider-selected order indication of otitis media or an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision billing code of AOM. A chart review was performed to identify primary diagnoses, examination features, and treatment, including excess days of therapy.

RESULTS:
We included 840 hospitalized patients treated for AOM in this study. At least 71% of patients had a concurrent viral respiratory illness. Examinations were frequently discordant (34%), and 47% lacked documentation of a physical examination finding of a bulging tympanic membrane, contributing to 3417 potential excess days of therapy. Of the total patients treated for AOM, 40% were given excess duration of therapy. The vast majority (97%) of patients who qualified for a wait-and-watch approach were treated.

CONCLUSIONS:
AOM is not being rigorously diagnosed or treated in a guideline-adherent manner in the inpatient setting. This is a lost opportunity for teaching antibiotic stewardship. Interventions, such as promoting the wait-and-watch approach and deferring treatment decisions to inpatient providers, could help promote the judicious use of antibiotics.
Ermutigung an Studierende, Forscher*innen zu sein und zu bleiben
Authors: Schulz Ursula 
Published: July 2020

Studierende und Praktiker im Bereich Bibliotheks- und Informationsmanagement werden ermutigt, eine Haltung der Offenheit zu pflegen, indem sie das Relevanzsystem ihrer Kunden mit qualitativen Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung erkunden. Daraus resultierende Erkenntnisse können überraschen und eine wertvolle Grundlage für die Gestaltung und Neukonzeption von Informationsdienstleistungen liefern.
Crucial Role of AIM/CD5L in the Development of Glomerular Inflammation in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Takahata Akiko , Arai Satoko , Hiramoto Emiri , Kitada Kento , Kato Rina , Makita Yuko , Suzuki Hitoshi , Nakata Junichiro , Araki Kimi , Miyazaki Toru , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement
Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) protein is involved in various diseases. It removes dead cells in urinary tubules, which aids recovery in AKI. Moreover, dysfunctional AIM scavenging in macrophages is a well known cause of feline renal failure. This study clarified the role of AIM in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in a mouse model. AIM-deficient IgAN mice (AIM

−/−
gddY mice) showed IgA deposition similar to that of wild-type gddY mice but did not have glomerular accumulation of IgM/IgG/complement and subsequent regional inflammation, avoiding glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria, and hematuria. IgM/IgG-IgA immune complex formed by recombinant AIM restored the IgAN phenotype. Elucidating the role of AIM in IgAN may facilitate development of new IgAN therapies.

Background
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) begins with aberrant IgA deposition in glomeruli, progresses to IgM/IgG/complement codeposition, and results in chronic inflammation and glomerular damage. However, the mechanism that drives such phlogogenic cascade has been unclear. Recently, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) protein was shown to modulate macrophages’ function in various pathologic conditions, thereby profoundly affecting the progression of renal disorders, including AKI. A spontaneous IgAN model, grouped ddY (gddY) mouse, revealed the requirement of AIM for the overall inflammatory glomerular injury following IgA deposition.

Methods
We established an AIM-deficient IgAN model (AIM

−/−
gddY) using CRISPR/Cas9 and compared its phenotype with that of wild-type gddY with or without recombinant AIM administration. An IgA-deficient IgAN model (IgA

−/−
gddY) was also generated to further determine the role of AIM.

Results
In both human and murine IgAN, AIM colocalized with IgA/IgM/IgG in glomeruli, whereas control kidneys did not exhibit AIM deposition. Although AIM

−/−
gddY showed IgA deposition at levels comparable with those of wild-type gddY, they did not exhibit glomerular accumulation of IgM/IgG complements, CD45+ leukocyte infiltration, and upregulation of inflammatory/fibrogenic genes, indicating protection from glomerular lesions and proteinuria/hematuria. Recombinant AIM administration reconstituted the IgAN phenotype, resulting in IgM/IgG/complement IgA codeposition. Neither spontaneous IgM/IgG codeposition nor disease was observed in IgA

−/−
gddY mice.

Conclusions
AIM may contribute to stable immune complex formation in glomeruli, thereby facilitating IgAN progression. Therefore, AIM deposition blockage or disassociation from IgM/IgG may present a new therapeutic target on the basis of its role in IgAN inflammation initiation.
Измерение качества жизни в городах: возможности индексного подхода
Authors: Рыкун Артем Юрьевич , Черникова Дарья Васильевна , Сухушина Елена Валерьевна , Березкин Александр Юрьевич 
Published: July 2020

По данным ООН, более половины населения сегодня живет в городах. Города стали центром влияния на экономику, социальную сферу, культуру, образование и науку. При этом урбанизированные территории стоят перед лицом многочисленных вызовов современности: деградация окружающей среды, изменение климата, демографические проблемы, миграционные процессы, растущее неравенство, угроза культурному разно­образию. Актуальным становится вопрос поиска социально-экономических ориентиров и адекватных комплексных решений, обеспечивающих благополучие населения, устойчивость развития и жизнестойкость городов в динамично меняющемся мире, а также критериев оценки таких решений. В течение десятилетий показателем эффективности социально-экономического развития служил ВВП на душу населения. Это было обоснованно, поскольку в ХХ в. урбанизация сопровождалась экономическим ростом, и была связана с процессами индустриализации в разных регионах мира. Сегодня нет прямой взаимозависимости. На роль одного из критериев социально-экономического прогресса в условиях ориентации на устойчивое развитие может претендовать категория качества жизни. В статье анализируются существующие подходы к определению категории качества жизни, фиксирующие потребность выйти за рамки измерения экономических величин, предлагается собственное определение качества жизни как системно-целостного конструкта, учитывающее объективные и субъективные факторы и социокультурный контекст. Рассматриваются ключевые индексы качества жизни в городах, выявляется преобладание количественных методов оценки и недостаточная ориентация на обеспечение доказательной базы для политики устойчивого развития. Авторы статьи рассматривают индексный подход к измерению качества жизни в городах, как способный обеспечить глобальную сопоставимость данных об уровне развития урбанизированных территорий.
Cabaceiras, a “Roliúde Nordestina”: efeitos do cinema nas atrações e nos produtos da oferta turística
Authors: Tavares Amada Gama , Araújo Valéria , Whebber Patrícia 
Published: July 2020

Alguns filmes têm atraído pessoas às cidades usadas como cenários, a seus estúdios de produção ou a lugares que são ícones na cinematografia. O cinema, portanto, tem se consolidado como ferramenta de desenvolvimento turístico, levando cidades ao redor do mundo, usadas como locações fílmicas, a adaptarem sua oferta turística, criando produtos e atrações cinematográficas. No Brasil, entretanto, são poucos os exemplos de uma relação bem-sucedida entre turismo e cinema. Um dos mais significativos é a cidade de Cabaceiras, na Paraíba, conhecida como a “Roliúde Nordestina” por ter sido palco de mais de vinte produções. Considerando exemplos gerais e o caso específico de Cabaceiras, este artigo apresenta os efeitos do cinema no turismo a partir das possibilidades de criação de produtos e atrações turísticas. Para isso, o estudo teórico-exploratório-qualitativo usa revisão de literatura bibliográfica, além de análise de filmes e de páginas na Internet. A escolha do universo foi feita com a técnica de amostragem não-probabilística, por julgamento e conveniência. Os resultados apresentam ações realizadas em Cabaceiras, tendo como base o cinema, que visam, dentre outros objetivos, o incremento do turismo, tais como o letreiro à entrada da cidade, o Museu Cinematográfico e a sinalização de cenários. Em conclusão, percebe-se que as ações locais em Cabaceiras corroboram com o que autores têm sugerido para cidades-cenário desenvolverem o turismo cinematográfico e critica-se a forma de realização de algumas delas. Novos tópicos de pesquisa futura são sugeridos, dentro da temática abordada.
Was Alexandria (Egypt) Destroyed in A.D. 365? A Famous Historical Tsunami Revisited
Authors: Stiros Stathis C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ammianus Marcellinus, a fourth-century writer, reported that after an earthquake, on 21 July 365, the sea retreated and then flooded numerous coasts, among them Alexandria (Egypt) and Methoni (southwest Greece). Several other ancient authors seem to mention this event as a “universal earthquake.” The inferred tsunami is usually assigned to reactivation of a fault in the Hellenic (Aegean) Arc, derived from an up to 9 m seismic uplift of Crete. Modeling of this uplift revealed an 8.5+ magnitude earthquake and a tsunami that affected most of the Eastern Mediterranean. For Alexandria, a flooding wave arrival is predicted, and marginal impacts are not excluded because of the topography of the ancient town. On the other hand, ancient sources lead to contradictory results, from no damage to devastation, but new historical evidence indicates that many of the historical reports of the critical period are biased by religious and political ideas, and the Ammianus description was questioned. Hence, for Alexandria there exist three scenarios: major destruction, marginal damage, and no damage by the 365 tsunami. To shed light to this debate (1) ancient sources were analyzed in view of new evidence for their significance, (2) possible impacts of a tsunami in the town’s infrastructure were discussed, and (3) possible impacts of a major destruction were investigated in the framework of the well-known ecclesiastical and civil history of Alexandria. The main conclusions of this study are that (1) no significant tsunami destruction is likely for Alexandria, in agreement with sedimentary evidence, and no major tsunami runup for Methoni; (2) a major earthquake in 365 is likely offshore Crete; and (3) it is inferred that Ammianus brings together two tsunamis, a local slump offshore that produced water retreat and then flooding and local denudation in the eastern Nile Delta, and a second tsunami generated by a fault offshore Crete or in the Ionian and the Adriatic Sea.