bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of local snakes, first‐aid and prevention of snakebites among community health workers and community members in rural Malawi: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aron Moses Banda , Munyaneza Fabien , Rosenthal Anat , Dullie Luckson , Krumkamp Ralf , Ndarama Enoch , Mailosi Bright , May Jürgen , Nhlema Basimenye , Sambani Clara , Hosemann Deborah , Rae Jade , Rahden Paul , Blessmann Jörg , Kreuels Benno 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveSnakebite envenoming remains a public health threat in many tropical countries. While community knowledge of local snakes and snakebite first‐aid and prevention are needed to reduce snakebite incidence and improve the outcomes for snakebite patients, it is poor in many communities. We assessed community health workers and community members regarding their knowledge on local snakes, snakebite first‐aid and prevention in Neno district, Malawi.MethodsIn November 2022, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey among 312 community health workers and 379 community members in the Neno District of Malawi to assess their knowledge of snake identification, snakebite first‐aid, and prevention. Different questions were asked in these sections and summarised as linear scores ranging from 0% to 100%. Scores of 0%–49%, 50%–70%, and >70% were considered inadequate, fairly adequate, and adequate, respectively. Along with data collected during knowledge assessments, the socio‐demographic characteristics of participants were collected. To assess knowledge differences between community health workers and community members, Pearson's chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests were used, and linear regression was calculated to investigate possible predictors of knowledge.ResultsOverall, 66.6% of participants were females with a median age of 39 (IQR = 30–48) years. Of the 89% (n = 615) who agreed to view snake pictures, only 1.3% had adequate snake identification knowledge. Less than 5% (n = 33) had adequate knowledge of first aid measures, and 14.3% (n = 99) had adequate knowledge of prevention practices. Overall, less than 1% (n = 3) had adequate knowledge across the three assessment sections, with no significant difference between community health workers (n = 1, 0.3%) and community members (n = 2, 0.5%) (p > 0.949).ConclusionBoth community health workers and community members had inadequate knowledge regarding local snake species, first aid for snakebites and prevention measures. The effect of awareness campaigns and other education initiatives could be explored to help improve these gaps.
Computed tomography‐guided drainage of a canine intracerebral abscess
Authors: Seddon Kathleen , Stewart Georgina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn approximately 7‐week‐old female American Bulldog was presented for head injury and seizures. The dog was obtunded with absent left‐sided postural reactions, absent left palpebral reflex, delayed vestibulo‐ocular reflex bilaterally, and calvarial hyperesthesia. CT revealed a fragmented, depressed fracture of the right frontal bone, with an associated abscess and evidence of raised intracranial pressure. The dog initially declined on medical management. Following a CT‐guided drainage procedure, the dog improved and remained clinically well twenty months later. This is the first report of minimally‐invasive sequential CT allowing successful drainage and culture of a canine intracerebral abscess.
Comprehensive radiographic grading system and clinical outcomes of canine tibial avulsion fractures in dogs
Authors: Alas Oscar , Gallastegui Aitor , Hernandez Jorge , Johnson Matthew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe tibial apophysis is a separate center of ossification in the proximal tibia of skeletally immature dogs. Because it is made of cartilage during development, it is prone to fractures (avulsions) and other tensile‐related injuries. One prior veterinary study proposed a classification system for proximal tibial apophyseal fractures, but this study did not include fractures that involved the proximal tibial physis or metaphysis, which have been described in human classification systems. The objectives of the study reported here were (1) to characterize and establish a radiographic grading system of proximal tibial apophyseal fractures in dogs, (2) to investigate the intra‐ and interobserver agreements of the proposed grading system, and (3) to identify associations between fracture types and patient signalment, surgical fixation, and clinical outcomes. This is a retrospective and observational study where images were assessed twice in a randomized order at least two weeks apart by three observers. The most frequent fracture configurations were type 1 (33/49, 67.3%) and type 5 (13/49, 26.5%), followed by type 4 (2/49, 4%) and type 2 (1/49, 2%). A fracture configuration type 3 was not identified. Dogs with a concurrent fibular fracture were associated with type 4 and 5 tibial avulsion fractures (P < .01). The intraobserver agreement for observers 1 and 2 was kappa ≥0.88, and for observer 3, kappa = 0.63. In conclusion, this study introduces an enhanced classification system for tibial apophyseal fractures in dogs, demonstrating substantial to moderate intraobserver reliability and moderate to modest interobserver agreement.
Gross target volume contouring in canine extra‐axial brain tumors: Effects of magnetic resonance image slice thickness and time between subsequent image sets
Authors: Poirier Valerie J. , Gieger Tracy , Jensen Monica , Hocker Samuel , Pinard Christopher J. , James Fiona M. K. , Nykamp Stephanie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurate determination of the gross target volume (GTV) is critical in radiation treatment planning, as errors could result in underdosing of the tumor or overdosing of nearby organs at risk. This multicenter retrospective observational serial measurement study evaluated the effects of variations in MRI slice thickness and a time delay between the diagnostic (MRI‐1) and RT planning (MRI‐2) MRIs GTV contouring in dogs with presumed meningiomas. The hypothesis was that the GTV would increase in size with time on T1‐weighted sequences with contrast. Inclusion required paired MRI acquisition within 3 months. The GTV was contoured on each MRI. Forty‐six dogs were included. Slice thickness was significantly different (P < .001) between MRIs: MRI‐1 had a median of 3.9 mm (range: 0.8–6 mm; only two dogs <2 mm), and MRI‐2 had a median of 0.9 mm (range: 0.6–4.5 mm; only two dogs >2 mm). The median time between MRIs was 22 days (range: 8–74 days). The MRI‐1 GTV was significantly different from MRI‐2 GTV (P < .0001); thirty (65%) were larger, five were equal in size, and 12 were smaller than the MRI‐2 GTV. This difference in GTV is likely due to the slice thickness differences between MRI acquisitions rather than changes in tumor size due to the short time interval between MRI‐1 and MRI‐2. This finding highlights the differences between diagnostic and RT treatment‐planning MRIs. For brain tumor target contouring, an MRI at the same time as the RT planning CT with <1 mm slice thickness, 3D acquisitions, and anisotropic voxel is recommended.
Clinical application and prognostic value of computed tomography examination in foals diagnosed with osteomyelitis: Forty‐four cases
Authors: Buyck Camille , Zani Davide D , Robert Mickaël , Gustafsson Kajsa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is increasingly recognized as superior to conventional imaging methods for diagnosing osteomyelitis in foals. However, comprehensive studies in this area are limited. This study aims to report on clinical cases of osteomyelitis in foals, establishing a relationship between CT findings and survival outcomes. Additionally, it compares CT imaging with conventional methods such as radiography and ultrasound.We hypothesized that CT variables would more accurately predict survival than other clinical factors and provide more detailed information about osteomyelitis lesions. This retrospective study included foals presenting at a single equine referral hospital between July 2019 and December 2022. Inclusion criteria were: (1) foals less than 9 months of age, (2) presumptive clinical diagnosis of osteomyelitis, and (3) CT examination for further evaluation.Forty‐four foals met the criteria; 29 (66%) survived to discharge, and 23 (55%) had long‐term survival. Key variables associated with survival included joint collapse (P = .011, OR, 0.054, 95% CI, 0.006–0.506) and lesions in multiple locations (P = .015, OR, 0.19, 95% CI, 0.05–0.7). In 93% of cases, CT examination modified the diagnosis, revealing improved lesion localization (72%), lesion size (76%), or detecting additional lesions (45%).Common lesions involved the axial and proximal appendicular skeletons, with 8 foals (18%) having only axial skeleton involvement and 5 (11%) presenting with both axial and appendicular lesions. Coxofemoral joint involvement was diagnosed in 12 foals (27%), while pelvic lesions were found in 8 (18%).These findings underscore the critical role of CT in identifying and localizing complex lesions, ultimately improving prognostic assessments.
MRI findings in six dogs with ependymoma of the brain and spinal cord
Authors: Griffin John F , Stevenson William S , Nelson Nathan C , Chen Annie V , Hecht Silke , Porter Brian F , Boudreau C Elizabeth , Specchi Swan , Bernardini Marco , Mai Wilfried 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere are few published descriptions of the MRI appearance of canine intracranial or spinal cord ependymoma. In this multicenter, retrospective, secondary analysis, case series study, three veterinary radiologists independently reviewed and recorded imaging characteristics of MRI studies in six dogs with histopathologically confirmed ependymoma (three intracranial and three spinal cord cases). A consensus was reached when there was disagreement on specific features. All intracranial ependymomas had forebrain location, heterogeneous signal intensity in T1‐weighted (T1W) and T2‐weighted (T2W) images, heterogeneous contrast enhancement, and hyperintensity in T2W images. Two ependymomas had an intraventricular location; one was intra‐axial. Other imaging features included intralesional cyst‐like structures, intralesional hemorrhage, and perilesional edema. Dogs with spinal cord ependymoma had intramedullary lesions located in the cervical or thoracic spinal cord. Spinal cord ependymomas were isointense and homogeneous in T1W images and hyperintense in T2W images. Lesion location relative to the central canal of the spinal cord was variable. All three spinal cord ependymomas had perilesional T2W hyperintensity and moderate, heterogeneous contrast enhancement. None of the spinal cord ependymomas had intralesional cyst‐like structures. One spinal cord ependymoma had evidence of drop metastases (diffuse, leptomeningeal). MRI features of canine ependymomas overlap with those of other diseases of the brain and spinal cord. Ependymoma should be considered a differential diagnosis for dogs with intraventricular, intra‐axial forebrain, or intramedullary spinal cord masses.
Usefulness of computed tomography findings for predicting soft tissue sarcoma grades
Authors: Jeong Jeongyun , Kim Myounghun , Koo Jongwon , Joo Yewon , Yu Heejung , Kim Minjoo , Kwak Jungmin , Kim Jaehwan , Eom Kidong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoft tissue sarcomas (STSs) constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors that originate from mesenchymal cells. Imaging plays an important role in the assessment of the oncological stage of STSs. Computed tomography findings facilitate the identification of the tumor location and margins in relation to the surrounding anatomic boundaries and thereby enable preoperative planning of tumor management. The histological grade is among the most important parameters that affect tumor recurrence and metastasis rates. However, the prediction of STS histological grades using CT characteristics has not yet been elucidated. This study retrospectively investigated CT findings of patients with different STS grades for differentiation. Thirty dogs with STSs (12 Grade 1, 10 Grade 2, and 8 Grade 3) were included from three animal hospitals. The investigated CT features included tumor delineation, dysmorphic intratumoral or peritumoral vessels, contrast enhancement patterns, peripheral rim enhancement, intratumoral calcification, degree of intratumoral cystic lesions, peritumoral fat stranding, metastatic regional lymphadenopathy, and lung metastasis. Quantitative findings included tumor size and pre‐ and postcontrast attenuation. Tumor size, dysmorphic intratumoral or peritumoral vessels, peritumoral fat stranding, and metastatic regional lymphadenopathy significantly differed among tumor grades. On post hoc analysis, Grade 3 tumors were significantly larger, had a higher prevalence of dysmorphic vessels than Grade 1 tumors, and had a significantly higher rate of adjacent metastatic lymphadenopathy than Grade 2 tumors. Predicting STS grades before the histopathological examination could potentially aid in the planning of the STS resection margins.
Maximal dimensional subalgebras of general Cartan‐type Lie algebras
Authors: Bell Jason , Buzaglo Lucas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLet be a field of characteristic zero and let be the general Cartan‐type Lie algebra. In this paper, we study Lie subalgebras of of maximal Gelfand–Kirillov (GK) dimension, that is, with .For , we completely classify such , proving a conjecture of the second author. As a corollary, we obtain a new proof that satisfies the Dixmier conjecture, in other words, , a result first shown by Du.For arbitrary , we show that if is a GK‐dimension subalgebra of , then is not (left or right) noetherian.
Modular representations of the Yangian Y2$Y_2$
Authors: Chang Hao , Hu Jinxin , Topley Lewis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLet be the Yangian associated to the general linear Lie algebra , defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic . In this paper, we study the representation theory of the restricted Yangian . This leads to a description of the representations of , whose ‐character is nilpotent with Jordan type given by a two‐row partition .
Robotics: Road Ahead for Mechanical and Physical Necessities, Bridging Artificial Intelligence, and Integration Challenges
Authors: Wiens Gloria J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
On behalf of the ASME Robotics Technology Group and its Working Groups, this paper provides a preview of their recently published 2024 ASME Robotics Roadmap. The onset of Industry 5.0 and its coexistence with Industry 4.0 are moving robots and manufacturing from traditional automation into the “smart manufacturing” realm. With conflicting priorities of productivity and safety, building mutual “trust” between robots and humans will require bridging the sensing and artificial intelligence (AI) with the mechanical-n-physical necessities to successfully augment the robot's awareness and intelligence. To this end, the ASME Robotics Technology Group convened several working groups to produce a robotics roadmap that embodies the mechanical engineering aspects. The roadmap was written with the aim (1) to embody mechanical and physical necessities and bridge the gaps between AI and integration challenges; (2) to identify critical trends, top-of-market challenges, and knowledge gaps; and (3) to identify opportunities in the journey path to get there and in strengthening the mechanical engineering footprint in robotics technology. While robotics cuts across many technological areas, industry segments, and applications for the greater good, the focus is on identifying what are the enabling technologies and science needed for: human–robot physical interaction and beyond physical; robot-to-robot and robot-to-(autonomous) machine collaboration; increasing robot repeatability and accuracy; space-based robotic manufacturing and assembly; human-centered manufacturing; risk and safety aspects of robotics; and what should ASME, government, and industry do to advance robotics. The roadmap is to serve as a guidepost for ASME robotics activities, its membership, and the robotics community-at-large.
An Improved Iterative Predictive Model for Grinding Residual Stress Considering Material Microstructure Evolution
Authors: Zhao Man , Li Lihao , Zhang Zhihui , Liu Gang , Zhang Liqiang , Feng Yixuan , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
During micro-grinding, multiple abrasive grains on grinding wheel circulate on the workpiece causing alternating mechanical and thermal loads which result in microstructure evolution. The microstructure evolution affects the flow stress of the material, which in turn affects force and temperature. This paper thoroughly investigates the cyclic iterative mechanism and proposes an analytical model to predict micro-grinding-induced residual stress. In this investigation, the flow stress model is developed considering temperature, strain, strain rate, yield stress, and material microstructure evolution, based on which, the micro-grinding force and temperature are calculated. On the basis, the evolution of grain size and phases transformation induced by force and temperature are calculated, in turn affected grinding force by flow stress. Then, the analytical model of residual stress is proposed incorporating the stresses induced by mechanical and thermal loadings as well as microstructure evolution. Moreover, the elastic or plastic deformation is determined according to Von-Mises criterion with the developed plastic modulus model in the stress relaxation process. Finally, the residual stress is measured to validate the improved iterative model. By comparing the traditional models, the results indicated that the developed cyclic iterative model obtains a higher accurate prediction of residua stress.
Neutron Activation Analysis of Environmental Samples at the Training Reactor VR-1
Authors: Krechlerova Alena , Stefanik Milan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Described research work is focused on the study of environmental pollution in the Czech Republic using an instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The samples of mosses and alluvial soils were irradiated at the VR-1 training reactor utilizing a nondestructive (instrumental) method of NAA at the Czech Technical University in Prague. Subsequently, the gamma-ray spectra of investigated samples were measured at a semiconductor high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples of alluvial soils and mosses from nine regions in the Czech Republic was performed. The presence of Na, K, Ti, V, Al, Au, Mn, Fe, and others was revealed in the studied samples. Apart from these, Ba, Br, As, or Hg were found using qualitative analysis. Depending on the obtained production rates, the amount of Na, K, Al, Au, As, Ti, V, and Fe was determined. Based on the results, it can be verified that the VR-1 training reactor is a suitable device for identifying the composition and concentration of the environmental samples. In the future, more data utilizable for environmental pollution monitoring can be obtained.
The Unsteady Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction in a Compressor Cascade—Part I: Measurements With Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Klinner Joachim , Lopez Edwin J. Munoz , Hergt Alexander , Willert Christian E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the first part of this three-paper-series, time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) is performed in the transonic cascade to elucidate the shock-boundary layer interaction process and to provide comparative data for numerical studies and analysis in Parts II and III. The application of modern high-speed camera technology combined with a dual-pulse high-speed laser system enabled TR-PIV in the cascade for image areas covering ∼30% of the chord and ∼6% of the blade pitch at sampling intervals of 0.18 convective time units (CTUs) for the acquisition of multiple time sequences with duration of ∼2000 CTUs. The sampling rate is sufficient to resolve fluctuations of the separating region and accompanying movements of the shock system. To enable correlations between density variations of the shock system and velocity data, shadowgraphs are acquired synchronously with TR-PIV recordings at the same sampling rate. The TR-PIV and shadowgraph measurement setups, the image processing, and the resulting spatial resolutions are described in this part. An analysis of power spectral densities along near-wall rows in PIV data reveals the chord-wise spatial distribution of specific peaks and bands, which are also visible in the shock buffet spectrum. A spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) of TR-PIV data is conducted to enable inspection of spatiotemporal modes of velocity fluctuations at specific broad peaks and tones in the buffet frequency range. Results indicate that upstream of the main shock, oblique shock waves occur at higher order harmonics of the fundamental buffet frequency and at specific high-frequency tones. The upstream propagation of disturbances beyond the excursion range of the main shock is demonstrated for the dominant buffet frequency as well as for the high-frequency tone and its first harmonic using cross-correlation maps. To locate possible sources of distinct tones at the entrance of the center passage, a SPOD of high-speed schlieren recordings is performed, capturing the shock systems in three passages. The results show that with these high-frequency tones, opposing vibrations of bow and lip shocks occur for neighboring blades.
Two-transcript signature for differentiation and clinical outcomes in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) patients: a double-blind, multicenter, validation study
Authors: Xu Nannan , Wen Sai , Yao Yongyuan , Guan Yanyan , Zhao Lianhui , Yang Lulu , Yang Hui , He Yishan , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with a high mortality rate that is often underdiagnosed due to the limitations of current laboratory testing. Timely diagnosis and early identification of severe cases are crucial to improving patient outcomes and overall survival rates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two transcripts, IFI44L and PI3, in the early differentiation between SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection and bacterial sepsis, as well as in the prompt identification of severe cases during epidemic seasons. In a prospective study conducted between 1 May 2021 and 30 September 2022, we enrolled 225 patients who presented with acute fever and thrombocytopenia at four hospitals in Shandong Province, China. The two-transcript signature provided a clear distinction between SFTS and bacterial infection, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.961 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.916–0.986), outperforming C-reactive protein (0.810 [95% CI 0.738–0.870]) and procalcitonin (0.764 [95% CI 0.687–0.830]). Importantly, the relative expression of the IFI44L gene was significantly elevated in fatal SFTS cases, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.820 (95% CI 0.727–0.914), indicating its potential as an early prognostic marker. Additionally, IFI44L and PI3 were identified as potential biomarkers for distinguishing SFTS patients with and without invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, with AUC values of 0.817 and 0.753, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the two-transcript signature effectively distinguishes SFTSV infection from bacterial sepsis and helps identify high-risk individuals, guiding appropriate treatment during SFTS outbreak.