bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of stress reduction on geomechanical and acoustic relationship of overconsolidated sands
Authors: Narongsirikul Sirikarn , Mondol Nazmul Haque , Jahren Jens 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTRelationship between different geomechanical and acoustic properties measured from seven laboratory‐tested unconsolidated natural sands with different mineralogical compositions and textures were presented. The samples were compacted in the uniaxial strain configuration from 0.5 to 30 MPa effective stress. Each sand sample was subjected to three loading–unloading cycles to study the influence of stress reduction. Geomechanical, elastic and acoustic parameters are different between normal compaction and overconsolidation (unloaded and reloaded). Stress path (K0) data differ between normal consolidated and overconsolidated sediments. TheK0value of approximately 0.5 is founded for most of the normal consolidated sands, but varies during unloading depending on mineral compositions and textural differences. TheK0and overconsolidation ratio relation can be further simplified and can be influenced by the material compositions.K0can be used to estimate horizontal stress for drilling applications. The relationship between acoustic velocity and geomechanical is also found to be different between loading and unloading conditions. The static moduli of the overconsolidated sands are much higher than normal consolidated sands as the deformation is small (small strain). The correlation between dynamic and static elastic moduli is stronger for an overconsolidation stage than for a normal consolidation stage. The results of this study can contribute to geomechanical and acoustic dataset which can be applied for many seismic‐geomechanics applications in shallow sands where mechanical compaction is the dominant mechanism.
Autophagy inhibits the mesenchymal stem cell aging induced by D‐galactose through ROS/JNK/p38 signalling
Authors: Zhang Dayong , Chen Yifan , Xu Xianbin , Xiang Haoyi , Shi Yizhan , Gao Ying , Wang Xiaowen , Jiang Xuefan , Li Na , Pan Jianping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAutophagy and cellular senescence are two critical responses of mammalian cells to stress and may have a direct relationship given that they respond to the same set of stimuli, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and telomere shortening. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as reliable cell sources for stem cell transplantation and are currently being tested in numerous clinical trials. However, the effects of autophagy on MSC senescence and corresponding mechanisms have not been fully evaluated. Several studies demonstrated that autophagy level increases in aging MSCs and the downregulation of autophagy can delay MSC senescence, which is inconsistent with most studies that showed autophagy could play a protective role in stem cell senescence. To further study the relationship between autophagy and MSC senescence and explore the effects and mechanisms of premodulated autophagy on MSC senescence, we induced the up‐ or down‐regulation of autophagy by using rapamycin (Rapa) or 3‐methyladenine, respectively, before MSC senescence induced by D‐galactose (D‐gal). Results showed that pretreatment with Rapa for 24 hours remarkably alleviated MSC aging induced by D‐gal and inhibited ROS generation. p‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK) and p‐38 expression were also clearly decreased in the Rapa group. Moreover, the protective effect of Rapa on MSC senescence can be abolished by enhancing the level of ROS, and p38 inhibitor can reverse the promoting effect of H2O2on MSC senescence. In summary, the present study indicates that autophagy plays a protective role in MSC senescence induced by D‐gal, and ROS/JNK/p38 signalling plays an important mediating role in autophagy‐delaying MSC senescence.
Toward an institutional perspective on social capital health interventions: lay community health workers as social capital builders
Authors: Adams Crystal 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article argues that social capital health research should move beyond a mere focus on social cohesion and network perspectives to integrate an institutional approach into the development of social capital health interventions. An institutional perspective, which is unique in its emphasis on linking social capital in addition to the bonding and bridging forms, contextualises social capital, allowing researchers to confront the complexity of social relationships. This perspective allows for the construction of interventions that draw on the resources of diverse actors, particularly the state. One intervention strategy with the potential to create community linkages involves lay community health workers (LCHWs), individuals who are trained to perform a variety of health‐related functions but lack a formal professional health education. This article begins with a review of the institutional social capital‐building literature. It then goes on to briefly review the social capital and health literature and discuss the state of intervention research. Thereafter, it describes LCHWs and discusses studies that have utilised LCHWs to tackle community health problems. In doing so, this article presents an institutional‐based systematic framework for how LCHWs can build social capital, including a discussion of the ways in which LCHWs can successfully promote bonding, bridging and linking social capital.
Aphids‐induced plant volatiles affect diel foraging behavior of a ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata
Authors: Norkute Milda , Olsson Ulf , Ninkovic Velemir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata (L.) is an important biocontrol agent of pests such as various aphid species. Despite being one of the most studied coccinellid species, many aspects of its foraging behavior are still not completely understood. This study focuses on the diel foraging behavior of C. septempunctata, investigating their olfactory orientation toward aphid‐infested plants, walking activity on plants and on the soil, and feeding rates. In the scotophase the ladybird beetles were significantly more attracted to the odor of aphid‐infested plants, on which they also showed considerably higher walking activity then on uninfested controls. Females were more prone to utilize olfactory cues when searching for prey and fed at higher rates than males; this shows that they are better adapted to nocturnal activity, as they require higher food intake. Coccinella septempunctata have the same feeding rate during the scotophase as in the photophase. Our study shows that C. septempunctata has the potential to forage in the scotophase if prey is abundant. The results support the hypothesis that volatiles of aphid‐infested plants can attract or arrest foraging adult ladybird beetles, even in the darkness, which makes a considerable contribution to efficient prey search and enhances feeding capacity.
Operation rate is more than double the revision rate for periprosthetic femur fractures
Authors: Constantin Harry , Le Michael , de Steiger Richard , Harris Ian A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeriprosthetic femur fractures (PFFs) following hip arthroplasty can lead to significant morbidity due to their impact on mobility and the need for surgery. Its incidence often measured by the prosthesis revision rate reported in joint replacement registries. However, many PFFs are also treated with prosthesis retention and internal fixation. Minimally displaced and stable fractures may be treated without surgery. Knowledge of the difference between the number of femoral revisions for PFF (well reported in registries) and the number of surgeries for PFF overall would allow us to estimate the overall surgical burden. This study aims to determine the number of post‐operative PFF in three hospitals and compare those treated with revision surgery to those PFF treated with internal fixation and femoral stem retention. By determining this difference, we can ascertain a more accurate estimate of the overall surgical burden of PFF.MethodPatients 50 years and older who sustained a post‐operative PFF between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017 at three public hospitals were extracted from hospital records. The number of revision procedures was compared to the number of re‐operations of any type.ResultsThere were 200 patients admitted for management of PFF. One hundred and forty‐three (71.5%) required an operation of which 67 (47%) were revision arthroplasty.ConclusionThe overall surgical burden of PFF is approximately twice that represented by the revision rate.
Intravitreal ranibizumab for persistent diabetic vitreous haemorrhage: a randomised, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled feasibility study.
Authors: Petrarca Robert , Soare Cristina , Wong Roger , Desai Riti , Neffendorf James , Simpson Andrew , Jackson Timothy L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the feasibility of a definitive study of intravitreal ranibizumab to promote the clearance of persistent diabetic vitreous haemorrhage and thereby avoid vitrectomy.MethodsThis randomised, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled feasibility study recruited 24 participants with persistent diabetic vitreous haemorrhage listed for pars plana vitrectomy. Participants were randomised to a single 0.5‐mg intravitreal ranibizumab injection or a single subconjunctival saline injection. The primary outcome measure was the number of participants requiring pars plana vitrectomy at week 7.ResultsEight of 12 participants (66.7%) in the ranibizumab group required vitrectomy at week 7 versus 12 of 12 (100%) in the placebo group (absolute risk reduction 33.3%, 95% confidence interval 2.1–70.7%; p = 0.09). One additional eye in the ranibizumab group required vitrectomy by 12 months. Mean visual acuity letter score at 12 months was 72.7 ± 12.3 in the ranibizumab group and 75.1 ± 10.1 in the placebo group. Safety was similar across groups.ConclusionIntravitreal ranibizumab may reduce the likelihood of proceeding to vitrectomy in patients with persistent, dense diabetic vitreous haemorrhage. Further studies appear feasible and justified.
Fluvastatin potentiates anticancer activity of vorinostat in renal cancer cells
Authors: Okubo Kazuki , Isono Makoto , Miyai Kosuke , Asano Takako , Sato Akinori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrug repositioning is an emerging approach to developing novel cancer treatments. Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for cancer treatment, but it could attenuate its anticancer activity by activating the mTOR pathway. The HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin reportedly activates the mTOR inhibitor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), and we thought that it would potentiate vorinostat's anticancer activity in renal cancer cells. The combination of vorinostat and fluvastatin induced robust apoptosis and inhibited renal cancer growth effectively both in vitro and in vivo. Vorinostat activated the mTOR pathway, as evidenced by the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, and fluvastatin inhibited this phosphorylation by activating AMPK. Fluvastatin also enhanced vorinostat‐induced histone acetylation. Furthermore, the combination induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that was accompanied by aggresome formation. We also found that there was a positive feedback cycle among AMPK activation, histone acetylation, and ER stress induction. This is the first study to report the beneficial combined effect of vorinostat and fluvastatin in cancer cells.
Ultrasound mapping of lung changes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Manolescu Diana , Oancea Cristian , Timar Bogdan , Traila Daniel , Malita Daniel , Birsasteanu Florica , Tudorache Voicu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and severe form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, accounted for 20% of cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD). In this study, we sought to compare the lung changes of IPF using a lung ultrasound (LUS) protocol of 12 zones with “current standard” high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) diagnostic method and overlap it with the functional pulmonary test as a complete clinical and imaging evaluation.MethodsThirty‐one patients were included in the study and performed HRCT and pulmonary functional tests (PFT). A 12‐lung zones' LUS protocol was used and compared with HRCT and PFT.ResultsThe HRCT total fibrotic score had a correlation coefficient of 0.454 (P < 0.005) with predicted FVC and 0.713 with predicted DLCO (P < 0.001). Both the median of the number of B‐lines and the average of the thickness of the pleural line obtained in the LUS assessment had a positively and statistically significant correlation with the HRCT fibrotic score P < 0.001. The pleural thickness of 2.4 mm is the cut‐off value of the mild form of fibrosis with a sensitivity of 0.958 and a specificity of 0.994.ConclusionB‐lines and the average thickness of the pleural line as LUS markers of the fibrotic interstitial syndrome are highly and positively correlated with HRCT score, FVC and DLCO. LUS as a complementary method in the clinical management of IPF could be used more often by skilled clinicians to assess patients in terms of possible diagnosis and monitoring of IPF.
Reduced Risk of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome of the Liver after Busulfan‐Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Prior to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: El‐Serafi Ibrahim , Remberger Mats , Ringdèn Olle , Törlén Johan , Sundin Mikael , Björklund Andreas , Winiarski Jacek , Mattsson Jonas 
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) of the liver and the clinical outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) based on several modifications in our protocols. We retrospectively investigated 372 patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning with oral busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide before allogeneic HSCT during 1990–2015. Patients' supportive care was changed in order to reduce the regimen‐related toxicities. Norethisterone use was terminated in 1998, therapeutic drug monitoring of Bu was initiated in 2000, and the use of liver supportive drugs, such as ursodeoxycholic acid and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, were started in 2002 and 2009, respectively. In total, 26 patients (7.0%) developed SOS at a median of 19 days after transplantation. Of these 26 patients, 20 died at a median of 119 days after HSCT and 102 days after the diagnosis of SOS. The incidence of SOS decreased over time in accordance with the improvements in supportive care. The highest incidence of SOS was during 1995–1999 (16.2%) compared with 2.3% during 2010–2015. Overall survival for patients with SOS was 62%, 46%, and 27% at 100 days, 1 year, and 5 years after HSCT, respectively, compared with 92%, 77%, and 66% for those who did not develop SOS (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the incidence of SOS and related deaths were significantly decreased over the last years. Our institution pursues massive preventative and personalized measures for SOS. This strategy may also be applicable in other conditioning protocols in order to reduce the incidence of SOS and, hence, improve the clinical outcome.
Influence of the community of associates on Sirex noctilio brood production is contextual
Authors: Haavik Laurel J. , Slippers Bernard , Hurley Brett P. , Dodds Kevin J. , Scarr Taylor , Turgeon Jean J. , Allison Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2019

1. Competition and predation are important components of biotic resistance, which helps define the invasibility of an ecosystem.2. To search for evidence of biotic resistance to the European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, in North America, cages were used to experimentally exclude the community of associates (natural enemies and competitors) from infested logs. Specifically, the study assessed S. noctilio brood production in pine forests in Ontario and New York, where there was a rich existing community of associates (other wood borers, bark beetles and associated fungi, and parasitoids), and in South Africa, where siricid wasps and pines are not native and a similar associate community is not present. In addition, in Ontario, associates were excluded by size, and for different periods of time to identify important associates and their temporal dynamics.3. Evidence was found that biotic factors limit S. noctilio in North America, whereby exclusion of natural enemies and competitors had a positive influence on the abundance or presence of S. noctilio brood in Ontario and New York. This influence was absent in South Africa.4. It is unclear which member(s) of the associated insect community in North America were most important in limiting S. noctilio brood production, although they probably acted quickly (< 2 weeks) following S. noctilio oviposition.5. Further study is needed to determine whether associates have limited S. noctilio populations in pine forests throughout northeastern North America, and which specific natural enemies and/or competitors are important.
Buprenorphine poisoning in children: a 10‐year‐experience of Marseille Poison Center
Authors: von Fabeck Katharina , Boulamery Audrey , Glaizal Mathieu , de Haro Luc , Simon Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBuprenorphine is a µ‐partial agonist and k‐antagonist acting on central opioid receptors. Patented for analgesia in 1968, buprenorphine has been used as opioid substitutive therapy since the 1990s, as well as methadone. The aim was to document pediatric poisoning, to discover the severity, and to evaluate the treatment with naloxone. All pediatric poisonings reported to the poison control center Marseille (France)—from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018—were included. Analysis put value on gender, age, estimated quantity, symptoms and their delay, place of treatment, medical treatment, utilization of antidotes, severity of intoxications, and patients’ outcome. Fifty‐four infant poisonings with buprenorphine were recorded, doses varied between 1 and 36 mg, and children showed mainly neurological (somnolence, miosis…) and gastroenteric (vomiting) effects. Pulmonary effects were described for four children. According to the poisoning severity score, 8 intoxications were classified as ‘no symptoms or signs’, 37 as minor poisonings, 3 as moderate, none as severe or fatal and 6 were unknown. Medical care was required for 46 children, and four of them were treated with naloxone. Buprenorphine poisoning can cause neurological, gastroenteric, and respiratory symptoms. Even licking a tablet leads to intoxication because of maximal tablet’s absorption while placing it under the tongue. Hospital admission is necessary even at small doses. Naloxone was efficient in the four described cases. Parents have to be aware of the poisoning risk with buprenorphine. Recently, commercialized instantly dissolving formulations could cause more severe intoxications.
Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics, nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity of Chinese organic hawthorn berry (Crataegus pinnatifida)
Authors: Lou Xinman , Yuan Bo , Wang Lei , Xu Huaide , Hanna Milford , Yuan Long 
Published: November 2019

SummaryHawthorn berry (Crataegus pinnatifida), approved as ‘medicine food homology’ fruit by China’s National Health Commission, has been associated with positive effects on human health. In‐depth study of nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity can provide basic information on food value of Chinese organic frozen (OFHB)/freeze‐dried (OFDHB) hawthorn berries. Higher levels of dietary fibre, pectin, ascorbic acid, mineral and antioxidant capacity were found compared with some common fruits and other species hawthorn. Both OFHB and OFDHB samples have much higher content of potassium (1.02 × 104 and 9.73 × 103 mg kg−1) than sodium (54.23 and 42.31 mg kg−1). OFDHB had a more desirable ratio (2.68:1) of insoluble/soluble dietary fibre which is suitable for use as a food ingredient. Antioxidant capacity varied considerably depending on the part (peel > pulp) and reaching up to 577.5 µmol Trolox equivalent g−1. OFHB and OFDHB are excellent natural nutrient‐dense and antioxidant sources for dietary supplements and functional foods development.
Actin polymerization regulates recruitment of Nck to CD3εupon T‐cell receptor triggering
Authors: Wipa Piyamaporn , Paensuwan Pussadee , Ngoenkam Jatuporn , Woessner Nadine M. , Minguet Susana , Schamel Wolfgang W. , Pongcharoen Sutatip 
Published: November 2019

SummaryFollowing T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement, rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton supports intracellular signal transduction and T‐cell activation. The non‐catalytic region of the tyrosine kinase (Nck) molecule is an adapter protein implicated in TCR‐induced actin polymerization. Further, Nck is recruited to the CD3εsubunit of the TCR upon TCR triggering. Here we examine the role of actin polymerization in the recruitment of Nck to the TCR. To this end, Nck binding to CD3εwas quantified in Jurkat cells using the proximity ligation assay. We show that inhibition of actin polymerization using cytochalasin D delayed the recruitment of Nck1 to the TCR upon TCR triggering. Interestingly, CD3εphosphorylation was also delayed. These findings suggest that actin polymerization promotes the recruitment of Nck to the TCR, enhancing downstream signaling, such as phosphorylation of CD3ε.
Does uncertainty spread vertically? A theory of multilayer newsvendors under asymmetric information
Authors: Yang Jiameng , Liu Zhiyong (John) , Lamb Steven W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing a vertically related multilayer newsvendors framework, this paper analyzes the impacts of market uncertainties and asymmetric information between firms at successive stages of a supply chain on their optimal stocking (and/or pricing) decisions. The asymmetric information along the supply chain effectively transmits the downstream uncertainty backward to the preceding stages of the supply chain. Our results imply that for industries in which there are lead times and asymmetric information in multiple successive stages along the supply chain, it is essentially important for the upstream firms to study the market conditions facing the vertically related downstream firms, and it is important for them to design incentive‐compatible mechanisms to facilitate efficient information sharing among vertically related entities. In these industries, the entities might also have stronger incentives to invest in lead time reduction and in information acquisition, if such options exist. Our framework offers a good starting point for a more comprehensive study in the future on the interactions among and the impact of differential lead times across successive stages in supply chains.