bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved post-processing technique for automatic precipitation gauge time series
Authors: Ross Amber , Smith Craig D. , Barr Alan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The unconditioned data retrieved from accumulating automated
weighing precipitation gauges are inherently noisy due to the sensitivity of
the instruments to mechanical and electrical interference. This noise,
combined with diurnal oscillations and signal drift from evaporation of the
bucket contents, can make accurate precipitation estimates challenging.
Relative to rainfall, errors in the measurement of solid precipitation are
exacerbated because the lower accumulation rates are more impacted by
measurement noise. Precipitation gauge measurement post-processing
techniques are used by Environment and Climate Change Canada in research and
operational monitoring to filter cumulative precipitation time series
derived from high-frequency, bucket-weight measurements. Four techniques are
described and tested here: (1) the operational 15 min filter (O15), (2) the
neutral aggregating filter (NAF), (3) the supervised neutral aggregating
filter (NAF-S), and (4) the segmented neutral aggregating filter (NAF-SEG).
Inherent biases and errors in the first two post-processing techniques have
revealed the need for a robust automated method to derive an accurate
noise-free precipitation time series from the raw bucket-weight
measurements. The method must be capable of removing random noise, diurnal
oscillations, and evaporative (negative) drift from the raw data. This
evaluation primarily focuses on cold-season (October to April) accumulating
automated weighing precipitation gauge data at 1 min resolution from two
sources: a control (pre-processed time series) with added synthetic noise
and drift and raw (minimally processed) data from several WMO Solid
Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) sites. Evaluation against
the control with synthetic noise shows the effectiveness of the NAF-SEG
technique, recovering 99 %, 100 %, and 102 % of the control total
precipitation for low-, medium-, and high-noise scenarios respectively for the
cold-season (October–April) and 97 % of the control total precipitation for all
noise scenarios in the warm season (May–September). Among the filters, the
fully automated NAF-SEG produced the highest correlation coefficients and
lowest root-mean-square error (RMSE) for all synthetic noise levels, with comparable performance to
the supervised and manually intensive NAF-S method. Compared to the
O15 method in cold-season testing, NAF-SEG shows a lower bias in
37 of 44 real-world test cases, a similar bias in 5 cases, and a higher bias
in 2 cases. In warm-season testing, the NAF-SEG bias was lower or similar in
7 of 11 cases. The results indicate that the NAF-SEG post-processing
technique provides substantial improvement over current automated
techniques, reducing both uncertainty and bias in accumulating-gauge
measurements of precipitation, with a 24 h latency. Because it cannot be
implemented in real time, we recommend that NAF-SEG be used in combination with
a simple real-time filter, such as the O15 or similar filter.
Review article: The spatial dimension in the assessment of urban socio-economic vulnerability related to geohazards
Authors: Contreras Diana , Chamorro Alondra , Wilkinson Sean 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Society and economy are only two of the dimensions of vulnerability. This
paper aims to elucidate the state of the art of data sources, spatial
variables, indicators, methods, indexes and tools for the spatial assessment of socio-economic vulnerability (SEV) related to geohazards. This review was first conducted in December 2018 and re-run in March 2020 for the period between 2010 and 2020. The gross number of articles reviewed was 27, from which we identified 18 relevant references using a revised search query and six relevant references identified using the initial query, giving a total sample of 24 references. The most common source of data remains population censuses. The most recurrent spatial variable used for the assessment of SEV is households without basic services, while critical facilities are the most frequent spatial category. Traditional methods have been combined with more innovative and complex methods to select and weight spatial indicators and develop indices. The Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI®) remains the benchmark for the assessment of SEV and a reference for its spatial assessment. Geographic information systems (GIS) is the most common tool for conducting a spatial assessment of SEV regarding geohazards. For future spatial assessments of SEV regarding geohazards, we recommend considering 3-D spatial indexes at the microscale at the urban level and involving the community in the assessments.
Effect of inoculation on the content of biogenic elements in the white lupine and grass pea
Authors: Zetochová Erika , Vollmannová Alena , Tirdiľová Ivana 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the inoculant on the content of biogenic elements in tenoreign varieties of white lupine (Lupinus albus) and threearieties of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) of Slovak origin. Rizobine was used as the inoculum before sowing. Dried and homogenised seed samples were mineralised using concentrated HNO3 using the MARS X - Press 5 instrument. Analytical determination of macro- and microelements in all samples was performed using ARIAN DUO 240FS/240Z atomic absorption spectrometer. The determined values of biogenic elements content were expressed as mg.kg-1 of dry matter. The average content of Cu was lower for both crops in variant A compared to variant B. The addition of the inoculant increased the content of Cu in both crops in lupine by 3.7% and grass pea by 10.94%. The Zn content of variant A in lupine was 19.14% higher than that of the grass pea. Grass pea seeds contained 97.76% less Mn than white lupine seeds in both variants. The Cr content of white lupine was 67.74% higher in variant A than in grass pea. The inoculant also increased the content of Cr in lupine by 25.0%. Lupine contained 30.02% less Fe in variant A and 41.27% less Fe in variant B than the grass pea. The results we have obtained show that Ca, K, and P are the predominant elements in the seeds of grass pea in both variants. By comparing selected types of legumes we found that the grass pea features a higher content of Cu, Fe, K, and P. The analysed seeds of white lupine had a higher content of Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Na, Ca, and Mg. In conclusion, inoculation does not significantly affect the content of biogenic elements of selected legume species.
Patients treated for uric acid stones reoccur more often and within a shorter interval in comparison to patients treated for calcium stones
Authors: Nevo Amihay , Levi Oleg , Sidi Ami , Tsivian Alexander , Baniel Jack , Margel David , Lifshitz David 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the association between stone composition and recurrence rate in a well-characterized group of patients.
Methods: From our prospectively assembled database of 1328 patients undergoing ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) between 2010 and 2015, we identified 457 patients who met the inclusion criteria: a minimum of two years' followup, stone-free status following surgery, normal anatomy, and FT-IR stone analysis results. Stone recurrence was identified by kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) or an ultrasound (US). All symptomatic events were recorded. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression methods were used to assess the differences in recurrence rates and associated risk factors.
Results: Calcium oxalate (CaOx), uric acid (UA), and struvite stones were found in 298 (65.2%), 99 (21.7%), and 28 (6.1%) patients, respectively. During a median followup of 38 months (interquartile range [IQR] 31–48), stone recurred in 111 (24%) patients. One-year stone-free rates stratified by composition were: CaOx 98%, UA 91.9%, calcium phosphate 90%, struvite 88%, and, cystine 83%; the two-years stone-free rates were 92.6%, 82.7%, 80%, 73%, and 75%, respectively. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, UA composition, the absence of medical preventive therapy, and preoperative stone burden were associated with a shorter time to recurrence. Secondary intervention for recurrent, symptomatic stones was required in 11 (11.1%) and 22 (7.4%) of patients with UA and CaOx stones, respectively (p=0.02).
Conclusions: UA stone-formers are more likely to have a recurrence and to undergo surgical intervention in comparison to CaOx stone-formers, regardless of MPT. These differences are more prominent during the first year of followup and should be incorporated into the patient's followup protocol.
Three new species and new records of the genus Centromerus (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from Italy
Authors: Ballarin Francesco , Pantini Paolo 
Published: June 2020

Three new species of the genus Centromerus from Italy, C. tongiorgii sp. nov., C. hanseni sp. nov., and C. gatoi sp. nov., are described for the first time on the basis of both male and female specimens. Their relationships with other congeneric species, as well as their diagnoses, are discussed using morphological characters. New records of poorly known species of Centromerus from Italy are furthermore reported. Among them, C. desmeti Bosmans, 1986 is reported for the first time for the Italian fauna and for continental Europe.
Nonsurgical Treatment for Hallux Abducto Valgus with Botulinum Toxin Type A
Authors: Radovic Philip Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Background
Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) is a frequently seen abnormality of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Limited conservative treatment options exist, making surgery the only definitive treatment option for a mild to moderate deformity. Since initially published in 2008, treatment of HAV with botulinum toxin injection has evolved as a potentially effective modality as shown in several subsequent independent studies.

Methods
Botulinum injection of two intrinsic foot muscles (extensor halluces brevis and flexor hallucis brevis) in addition to adductor hallucis under electrical stimulation is presented as an improvement to the original method.

Results
The additional muscle injections of botulinum resulted in an further reduction of the HAV deformity and associated pain.

Conclusions
A significant improvement to the injection paradigm developed the author may prove to be more effective in reducing the HAV deformity and its associated pain.
Comparison of the Outcome of Stabilization of the Lateral Ligament Combined with Joint Debridement for Ligamentous Moderate Neutral Ankle Osteoarthritis
Authors: Qu Wenqing , Wang Zhenhai , Zhao Hongmou , Dong Shengjie , Sun Zhenzhong , Wang Dan , Li Wenliang , Zheng Yanping 
Published: June 2020

Background
The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of stabilization of the lateral ligament combined with joint debridement in patients with ligamentous moderate neutral ankle osteoarthritis with those achieved for patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis.

Methods
We reviewed integrated data from 40 patients (40 ankles) with ligamentous moderate ankle osteoarthritis. Matched for age, gender, and follow-up duration, they were divided into two groups by preoperative coronal plane hindfoot moment arm values (HMAV): neutral (20 ankles, ≤15 mm) and varus (20 ankles, >15 mm) deformity. Stabilization of lateral ligament combined with joint debridement was performed. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind foot score, hindfood moment arm values, and classification of Takakura were used to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes after a mean follow-up period of 64.2 months (range, 60-84 months).

Results
Mean post-operative AOFAS was 86.0 and 72.6 in the neutral and varus groups, respectively. The post-operative AOFAS of both groups improved significantly, although the outcome improvement of the neutral group was better than that of the varus group (P = 0.0006). There was obvious improvement in HMAV of the neutral group (P = 0.0469) and less improvement in HMAV of the varus group (P = 0.8509). The mean postoperative HMAV was 4.60 mm (0–10 mm) and 17.85 mm (8–23 mm) in the neutral and varus groups, respectively. The radiographic classification of Takakura was unchanged in the neutral group, whereas four cases in the varus group had a worse classification.

Conclusions
Stabilization of the lateral ligament combined with joint debridement for ligamentous moderate ankle osteoarthritis showed better clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with neutral alignment than that achieved for patients with varus malalignment.
Auditory Evoked Potentials P50: Pure-tones vs Clicks. There is a Similar Supression?
Authors: López PhD M.D, Seidel Guerra , Rodríguez M.D, María de Los A. Pedroso , Cantero M.D, Diego , Silva Gilvan Aguiar da 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Clinical application of middle-latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEPs) has been increasing, highlighting the importance of understanding the nature of P50, a component of middle-latency auditory evoked potential. We manipulated stimulus frequency bands in auditory stimuli in order to investigate the nature of P50 in human auditory evoked potentials.
Methods: Two paradigms have been used to obtain P50: one is a conditioning /testing paradigm in which paired of pure tone (1000Hz) are delivered, and the other was presented paired of clicks, both with an intensity of 60 dB sound pressure level above the auditory threshold. A total of 30 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study among Center of genetic engineering (fifteen man and fifteen women, mean age of 36, 5). All without consumption of caffeine, cigarettes and drugs.
Results: No statistically significant differences occurred between the P50 amplitudes and latencies for the pure tone and those for the clicks.
Conclusions: Our present results indicate that P50 in humans may reflect a feed-forward mechanism of the brain where a preceding stimulus drives sensory gating mechanisms in preparation for a second stimulus, but the contained frequency doesn't influence on the P50. Both types (tones or clicks) can be used in the exploration of patient with this evoked potential.
Evaluation of the Effect of Melatonin on Periodontal Tissues in Rats with Periodontitis Induced Experimentally
Authors: Santos Bianca Caroline Custodio dos , Gomes Jossinelma Camargo , Miola Angela Esmeralda Zaparolli , Rothen Simone Karine , Rodrigues Célia Patricia Muller , Costa Rose Meire , Nassar Patricia Oehlmeyer , Nassar Carlos Augusto , Nassar Carlos Augusto 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To analyze the effects of melatonin administration on the periodontal tissues of rats, linked or not with ligature-induced periodontal disease.
Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar rats aged eight weeks, divided into Control Group (GCON), Ligature Group (GLIG), Melatonin Group (GMEL) and Ligature and Melatonin Group (GLIGMEL). GLIG and GLIGMEL were induced to experimental periodontitis by placing a ligature on the lower molars for 30 days. During the experiment, after 16 days with the ligature, melatonin was administered orally for 10 mg/kg for 14 days in GMEL and GLIGMEL. In the end, euthanasia was performed and the hemi-mandibles were collected for the respective histological and radiographic analyzes; for the results, Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA-One-Way and Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used.
Results: A significantly lower alveolar bone loss (p<0.05) was demonstrated in the animals that received the administration of melatonin, in which it had a prophylactic function against the effects of the disease, evidenced in radiographic, histomorphometric and histological analyzes in the bone cell count.
Conclusion: Results show that the therapy with administration of melatonin promotes a protective effect on the alveolar bone tissue of rats with induced experimental periodontitis.
Simple Optical Measurements of Pre-treated Surface Roughness for Thermal Spray
Authors: Yamagata Yukihiko , Iwasaka Ryo , Shigyo Keita , Tanaka Juntaro , Kawaguchi Yasuyuki , Muraoka Katsunori 
Published: June 2020

For achieving satisfactory performance of coating layers obtained using the thermal spray technique, pre-treatments are carried out by roughening the smooth surfaces of metals to more than a few tens of μm. Although a surface roughness tester is reliable for quantitatively measuring the surface roughness, it requires expertise and a long measuring time. In the present article, a simple optical method is presented which the authors hope will replace the above surface roughness tester. The proposed method relies on first projecting a narrow beam of light from a light-emitting diode obliquely over the roughened surface, and then on measuring the distortion of the light as observed perpendicular to the surface. Proof-of-principle experiments were performed first against a surface roughness comparator, and then against actual blasted surfaces using both the optical method and the surface roughness tester, yielding the two methods to be in good agreement.
Influence of Co-Administration of Bioflavonoid on Diuretic Activity of Furosemide
Authors: Al-Saikhan Fahad I. 
Published: June 2020

As bioflavonoids have a strong affinity to bind with albumin, it is plausible that they may have the ability to displace the diuretic furosemide bound to albumin. In this study we sought to verify this hypothesis by examining the effect of the co-administration of a bioflavonoid with furosemide on the diuretic activity of the latter. Diosmin is a bioflavonoids type of plant chemical found mainly in citrus fruits.
For this purpose, we analyzed bioflavonoids by their ability to bind to human serum albumin (HAS) using an in silico method and found that diosmin had a higher affinity to albumin than furosemide. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of the co-administration of diosmin with furosemide on the diuretic activity of the latter in mice.
Our results showed that the combination did not produce any significant change in the diuretic activity of furosemide; however, after 3 hours of treatment, the urine volume of the mice that received diosmin along with frusemide was greater than that of mice administered only the same dose of furosemide. There was no significant difference in urine volume between the two groups at the end of 24 hours. A similar trend of increased levels at 3 hours in the combination group and absence of any difference at 24 hours was noted in the case of the urine concentrations of Na+, K+, and 2 Cl.
Our findings indicate that co-administration of diosmin increased the immediate diuretic effect of furosemide for the first few hours and that this effect subsides within 24 hrs. Therefore, this combination should be used with care, especially during the first few hours of administration.
Characteristics of fetal heart rate tracings prior to uterine rupture
Authors: Ayres A.W , Johnson T.R.B , Hayashi R 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To identify the fetal heart rate patterns that occurred in a 2‐h period of time preceding uterine rupture. Methods: The fetal monitor strips and the medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of uterine rupture were reviewed. These patients delivered at the University of Michigan Hospital from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1999 and were ≥28 weeks gestational age. Asymptomatic uterine scar dehiscences were excluded. The weeks of gestation, the number of cesarean sections, the surgical findings, and the maternal complications were obtained from the review of the maternal records. The fetal monitor strips for the 2 h preceding the uterine rupture were analyzed, and the fetal heart rate patterns were classified. Results: During the study period, there were 11 patients identified with uterine rupture. Seven of the 11 (64%) had operative or post‐operative complications. There were no maternal deaths. Review of the eight fetal heart rate tracings available revealed 7/8 (87.5%) with recurrent late decelerations and 4/8 (50%) with terminal bradycardia. All four of the patients with fetal bradycardia were preceded by recurrent late decelerations (100%). Conclusions: The most common fetal heart rate abnormalities that occurred prior to uterine rupture were recurrent late decelerations and bradycardia. The appearance of recurrent late decelerations may be an early sign of impending uterine rupture.
Golvesin‐GFP fusions as distinct markers for Golgi and post‐Golgi vesicles in Dictyostelium cells
Authors: Schneider Natalie , Schwartz Jean‐Marc , Köhler Jana , Becker Michael , Schwarz Heinz , Gerisch Günther 
Published: July 2002

Golvesin is a new protein associated with membranes of the Golgi apparatus and post‐Golgi vesicles in Dictyostelium cells. An internal hydrophobic sequence of 24 amino‐acid residues is responsible for anchoring golvesin to the membranes of these organelles. In an attempt to visualize organelle dynamics in vivo, we have used specific antibody and other labels to localize golvesin—green fluorescent protein (GFP) constructs to different cellular compartments. With a GFP tag at its N‐terminus, golvesin shows the same localization as the untagged protein. It is transferred to two post‐Golgi compartments, the endosomal and contractile vacuole systems. Endosomes are decorated with GFP—golvesin within less than 10 min of their internalisation, and keep the label during the acidic phase of the pathway.Blockage of the C‐terminus with GFP causes entrapment of the protein in the Golgi apparatus, indicating that a free C‐terminus is required for transfer of golvesin to any of the post‐Golgi compartments. The C‐terminally tagged golvesin proved to be a reliable Golgi marker in Dictyostelium cells revealing protrusion of Golgi tubules at peak velocities of 3 to 4 μm·s–1. The fusion protein is retained in Golgi vesicles during mitosis, visualizing Golgi disassembly and reorganization in line with cytokinesis.
Healing of full‐thickness tears of avian supracoracoid tendons: in situ hybridization of α1(I) and α1(III) procollagen mRNA
Authors: Kobayashi Kunihiko , Hamada Kazutoshi , Gotoh Masafumi , Handa Akiyoshi , Yamakawa Hideyuki , Fukuda Hiroaki 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAlthough clinically significant, much remains unknown about the healing of the torn rotator cuff tendon, because of unavailability of appropriate animal model. The human supraspinatus tendon faces the subacromial bursa superiorly, and the joint capsule inferiorly, while the digital flexor tendon is surrounded by the synovium. We hypothesized that the supraspinatus tendon heals by the process which is different from that observed with digital flexor tendons, in which epitenon cells migrate into the torn portion circumferentially. The avian supracoracoid tendon was adopted for this experiment because of its similarity to the human supraspinatus tendon. We developed a full‐thickness tendon laceration followed by primary suture. The objective of this study was to detect localization of the responsible cells for repair of the tendon. We examined the process using histology and in situ hybridization. Starting at week 1, the peritendon cells of the bursal side proliferated and migrated into the laceration site. At week 6, the tendon stumps were continuous with new connective tissue. High‐level expression of procollagen mRNA in the proliferating peritendon cells on the bursal side demonstrates to contribute to the reparative process, which progressed to the joint side. This mode of repair is different from that of the digital flexor tendon. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.