bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of patient weight and dose of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid with treatment success in status epilepticus
Authors: Sathe Abhishek G. , Elm Jordan J. , Cloyd James C. , Chamberlain James M. , Silbergleit Robert , Kapur Jaideep , Cock Hannah R. , Fountain Nathan B. , Shinnar Shlomo , Lowenstein Daniel H. , Conwit Robin A. , Bleck Thomas P. , Coles Lisa D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial was a blinded, comparative‐effectiveness study of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid in benzodiazepine‐refractory status epilepticus. The primary outcome was clinical seizure cessation and increased responsiveness without additional anticonvulsant medications. Weight‐based dosing was capped at 75 kg. Hence, patients weighing >75 kg received a lower mg/kg dose. Logistic regression models were developed in 235 adults to determine the association of weight (≤ or >75 kg, ≤ or >90 kg), sex, treatment, and weight‐normalized dose with the primary outcome and solely seizure cessation. The primary outcome was achieved in 45.1% and 42.5% of those ≤75 kg and >75 kg, respectively. Using univariate analyses, the likelihood of success for those >75 kg (odds ratio [OR] = 0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54‐1.51) or >90 kg (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.42‐1.66) was not statistically different compared with those ≤75 kg or ≤90 kg, respectively. Similarly, other predictors were not significantly associated with primary outcome or clinical seizure cessation. Our findings suggest that doses, capped at 75 kg, likely resulted in concentrations greater than those needed for outcome. Studies that include drug concentrations and heavier individuals are needed to confirm these findings.
Temporal changes in gene expression and genotype frequency of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in native silverside Basilichthys microlepidotus: Impact of wastewater reduction due to implementation of public policies
Authors: Veliz David , Rojas‐Hernández Noemi , Copaja Sylvia V. , Vega‐Retter Caren 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman activity has caused a deterioration in the health and population size of riverine species; thus, public policies have been implemented to mitigate the anthropogenic impacts of water use, watercourse transformation, and pollution. We studied the Maipo River Basin, one of the most polluted with untreated wastewater in Chile, for a period of 12 years (2007‐2019). Since the implementation of new public policies, including the operation of a wastewater collector (2012), the Maipo River Basin is currently much less polluted by untreated water than before. To analyze the impact of wastewater reduction in this river basin, we studied the native silverside (Basilichthys microlepidotus), which inhabits both polluted and unpolluted areas of the river basin. Previous studies reported the overexpression of the ornithine decarboxylase (odc) gene, heterozygote deficit, and high frequency of a homozygote odc genotype in silverside populations that inhabit wastewater‐polluted sites, suggesting a phenotypic change and genotypic selection in response to pollution. Here, a population affected and another population unaffected by wastewater were studied before and after implementing the wastewater collector. The physicochemical data of water samples, changes in odc expression and microsatellite variability, and odc genotype frequencies were analyzed. The results showed physicochemical changes in the affected site before and after the operation of the wastewater collector. The microsatellite loci showed no changes in either population. The odc expression in the affected site was higher before the operation of the wastewater collector. Significant changes in the genotype frequencies of the odc gene before and after the wastewater collector operation were detected only at the affected site, wherein the homozygous dominant genotype decreased from >59% to <25%. Our results suggest that public policies aimed at mitigating aquatic pollution can indirectly affect both gene expression and genotype frequencies of important functional genes.
Spatial genetic structuring in a widespread wetland plant on a plateau: Effects of elevation‐driven geographic isolation and environmental heterogeneity
Authors: Wu Zhigang , Li Xing , Xie Dong , Wang Huijun , Zhang Zhiqi , Xu Xinwei , Li Tao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Highlands are ideal research areas for improving our understanding of the influence of ecological factors on the diversity and spatial patterns of natural species. Elevation‐driven physical and environmental isolation greatly affect the evolution of plants. The mechanisms and essential drivers underlying these processes may differ among research scales, habitats and landscapes. Wetlands are important elements of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, which is the highest plateau in the world, and these habitats harbour high aquatic organismal diversity. However, how the environments shape the genetic variation and structure of hydrophilous plants is poorly understood.

Using microsatellite markers and a chloroplast fragment, we quantified the genetic diversity and spatial genetic pattern of Stuckenia filiformis, one of the most widespread aquatic plants on the plateau. The relative contributions of geography, climate and local conditions to intra‐ and interpopulation variation were estimated. The results showed that intrapopulation genetic variation of the plant is moderate to high and not constrained by high‐altitude environments. Topographical isolation mainly contributes to the genetic structure of S. filiformis, as inferred by simple sequence repeats and chloroplast DNA data. Significant effects of environmental variables on the spatial genetic patterns of this freshwater species were also suggested by landscape genetic analysis.

Infrequent long‐distance dispersal, sexual recruitment and annual growth are probably important for the maintenance and distribution of this variation. Our findings imply a combined effect of geography and elevation‐driven environmental heterogeneity on the evolution of aquatic organisms in highlands.
Phrenic nerve injury in atrial fibrillation ablation using balloon catheters: Incidence, characteristics, and clinical recovery course
Authors: Tohoku Shota , Chen Shaojie , Last Jana , Bordignon Stefano , Bologna Fabrizio , Trolese Luca , Zanchi Simone , Bianchini Lorenzo , Schmidt Boris , Chun K. R. Julian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsSystematic data on phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) associated with contemporary balloon ablation techniques (cryoballoon [CBA] vs laser balloon [LBA]) are sparse. We aimed to investigate the incidence, characteristics, and clinical recovery course in patients with PNP who underwent CBA or LBA.Methods and ResultsA total of 2433 consecutive patients who underwent balloon‐based pulmonary vein isolation (CBA: n = 1720 and LBA: n = 713) were retrospectively identified. PNP was classified into (a) transient (recovery before discharge) or (b) persistent (within 6 months, 6‐12 months, and >12 months) according to clinical recovery course. In general, PNP occurred significantly more often in CBA 71/1720 (4.2%) than LBA 11/713 (1.5%) (P = .003). The rate of transient PNP was significantly higher in CBA (3.0%, n = 45) than LBA (0.1%, n = 1, P = .004). The rate of persistent PNP did not significantly differ between two groups (CBA: 1.2% vs LBA: 1.4%, P = .89). The rate of persistent PNP which recovered within 6 months was similar (CBA: 17.4% vs LBA 18.2%, P = 1.000). However, the rates of persistent PNP which recovered within 6 to 12 months (CBA: 2.9% vs LBA 27.3%, P = .0171) and more than 12 months (CBA: 7.3% vs LBA 45.5%, P = .0034) were significantly higher in LBA.ConclusionPNP occurred more often in CBA than LBA, however, the majority of PNP in CBA was transient whereas the majority of PNP in LBA was persistent. Either balloon technology is not superior in terms of long‐term PNP.
The investigation of the amounts and expressions of epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor gene polymorphisms in acne vulgaris
Authors: Aydingoz Ikbal Esen , Tukenmez Demirci Gulsen , Agirbasli Deniz , Oz‐Arslan Devrim , Yenmis Guven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRI) used in cancer chemotherapy cause acneiform folliculitis in 70%‐100% of patients in a dose‐dependent manner. Acneiform folliculitis is considered to be caused by an inflammatory process due to follicular hyperkeratosis and subsequently a set of changes both in epidermis and hair follicles as a result of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade. Both acne vulgaris and acneiform folliculitis due to EGFRIs show similar changes in the pilosebaceous unit. Furthermore, in both groups of patients, topical application of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been reported to improve the disease.AimsIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the role of EGF and EGFR amount, expression, and EGFR gene polymorphisms in the etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris.Patients/Methods156 acne vulgaris patients, within 18‐25 years of age, who had 15 or more inflammatory acne lesions on dermatologic evaluation were included in this study. The absence of any known systemic or genetic disease or cancer and any systemic or topical treatment for the last 1 month were prerequisites. In the control group, 154 volunteers in the same age range who were examined at the outpatient clinic with diagnoses of melanocytic nevus, ephelid, cherry angioma, and callus and who had no more than 3 inflammatory acne lesions were recruited. The amounts of EGF and EGFR were determined by sandwich ELISA, expressions of EGF and EGFR by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; EGFR polymorphisms were examined by restriction enzyme digestion, Sanger, and high‐resolution melting methods.ResultsThe patient and control groups were compared in terms of EGFR gene polymorphisms in addition to the amount and expressions of EGF and EGFR. The amount of EGF in the serum was found to be significantly higher in the acne group. (P = .0012). There was no significant difference in other parameters studied.ConclusionThe results of our study showed a significant increase in the amount of EGF in the acne group. Though EGF may be incriminated in the etiopathogenesis of AV, the most likely explanation about its role may be controlling inflammation from the very first stage.
Global personality dysfunction and the relationship of pathological and normal trait domains in the DSM‐5 alternative model for personality disorders
Authors: Morey Leslie C. , Good Evan W. , Hopwood Christopher J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe DSM‐5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders distinguishes core personality dysfunction common to all personality pathology from maladaptive traits that delineate specific variants of disorder. Previous research shows the convergence between maladaptive and normal range trait domains as well as substantial correlations between maladaptive traits and core dysfunctions, leading some to conclude that personality traits and dysfunction are redundant. This study sought to examine the potential utility of the concept of core dysfunctions as a means of clarifying the nature of the relationship between maladaptive and normal‐range traits.MethodThree nonclinical samples (n = 178, 307, and 1,008) were evaluated for personality dysfunction, maladaptive traits, and normal‐range traits using different measures.ResultsResults indicated that: (1) normal trait domains and core dysfunction contribute independently to understanding maladaptive traits; (2) the correlation of a normal trait domain with its putative maladaptive equivalent is consistently accounted for in part by core dysfunction; and (3) the multitrait multimethod matrices of normal and maladaptive personality trait domains demonstrate appreciable discriminant validity problems that are clarified by a consideration of core dysfunction.ConclusionThese results suggest that maladaptive traits reflect the distinguishable contributions of core personality dysfunction (problems) and normal‐range personality traits (person).
Top‐down and bottom‐up controls limit woody encroachment into persistent temperate rainforest meadows
Authors: Elliott Braden T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestionsMeadows in montane forests have emerged as a global study system for the accelerating phenomenon of woody encroachment, particularly in the highly productive temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest. Study of woody encroachment into meadows in western Oregon, however, has been conducted almost entirely in the western and High Cascades, with only two extant observational studies of grassy balds in the Coast Range. This study evaluates evidence for factors limiting woody encroachment into meadows in the Oregon Coast Range, including bottom‐up control by soil properties, plant–plant interactions and top‐down control by large herbivores.LocationCoast Range, western Oregon, United States of America.MethodsThe chemical and physical properties of soils to a depth of 50 cm in meadow and forest measured, and the community, density and browse pressure for shrubs, conifers, and deciduous trees ≤2 m tall from meadow into forest were recorded. A total of 20Pseudotsuga menziesii(Douglas‐fir) seedlings were experimentally planted in each of five meadows and neighbouring plant presence and herbivore access manipulated.ResultsMeadow soils were lower in C and C:N, slightly lower in N and similar in plant‐available water and pH relative to forest soils. Shrubs were most dense but experienced the lowest browse pressure near the meadow edge, while trees were sparse and varied by site (although at one site, browse pressure was heavier in meadow than forest). Seedling survival and growth varied by site and herbivory‐reduced growth; total soil N best explained residual variation in seedling growth among sites.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that ungulate herbivores exert top‐down control on woody encroachment into temperate montane meadows, perhaps in concert with local N‐limitation.
An observational study of older patient specialling in acute hospital settings
Authors: Cook Jacquelene , Palesy Debra , Lapkin Samuel , Chenoweth Lynn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring hospitalisation, older people can quickly become disoriented and agitated. In these instances, ‘specialling’, involving close monitoring and observation of the person to prevent accidents, injuries and clinical deterioration is often required. Despite the widespread practice of older patient specialling, there is no evidence of the best model, or any clear guidelines around the essential requirements for this practice.AimThis study aimed to examine specialling practices for hospitalised older patients in acute aged care wards.MethodQuantitative and qualitative data were obtained in an observational study of specialling practices for hospitalised older patients. Two validated observational tools were used to collect data on nursing care provided during specialling and patient responses to specialling over a three‐month period.FindingsA total of 58 observations were undertaken of specialling practices for 12 hospital patients aged 65 years and over in four acute aged care wards. Delirium was the most common reason for older patient specialling. Most specialling was undertaking by Assistants in Nursing. Specialling interactions and responses were mainly positive. Positive specialling practices occurred when the staff special was familiar with the older patient and the ward in which specialling occurred. Specialling practices differed in relation to, the type of care required, the presence of the patients’ personal possessions in their immediate surroundings, the presence of medical devices, patient acuity and general ward busyness.ConclusionThese findings suggest that specialling practices differ according to patient need and that the staff member's familiarity with the ward and their patients are important factors in positive older patient specialling. The specialling role needs much clearer definition, including the type of educational preparation and workload support that is appropriate to ensure safe and quality care.
Role of piezoelectric device in oral & maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Nissy T.S. , Saralaya S. , Jayanth B.S. , Sunil S.M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPiezosurgery is a relatively new technique that allows bone to be cut while preserving soft tissues, including nerves. It provided more favourable osseous repair and remodelling when surgical ostectomy and osteoplasty procedures were performed. Reduced blood loss, minimal swelling and edema were noted with various procedures when performed with this device. It is preferred in inaccessible sites; in areas where vital structures are in vicinity of the corticotomy sites. The unique feature of piezosurgery which makes it superior to the conventional technique is micro streaming and cavitation phenomenon. It also has millimetric cutting precision which adds to the accuracy of planning, prevents assistant fatigue, osseous thermal necrosis due to inbuilt irrigation at the cutting tip and permits ingenuity in osteotomy designs. We describe our experience with this device in different aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Risk of esophageal thermal injury during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation guided by different ablation index
Authors: Zhang Zu‐Wen , Zhang Pei , Jiang Ru‐Hong , Liu Qiang , Sun Ya‐Xun , Yu Lu , Lin Jian‐Wei , Chen Shi‐Quan , Sheng Xia , Fu Guo‐Sheng , Jiang Chen‐Yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), energy delivery toward the left atrial posterior wall may cause esophageal injury (EI). Ablation index (AI) was introduced to estimate ablation lesion size, however, the impact of AI technology on the risk of EI has not been explored.MethodFrom March 2019 to December 2019, 60 patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing first‐time ablation were prospectively enrolled. The first 30 consecutive patients were ablated with the AI target value of 400 (AI‐400 group), and the later 30 consecutive patients were ablated with the AI target value of 350 at the posterior wall (AI‐350 group). Endoscopic ultrasonography was used to evaluate EI postablation. EI was classified as a category 1 (erythema or erosion) or a category 2 (hematoma or ulceration).ResultsCompared with the AI‐400 group (59.9 ± 8.4 years; male, 60%), the AI‐350 group (59.1 ± 9.9 years; male, 50%) had a lower incidence of EI (3.3% vs 26.7%, P = .03). There was no significant difference in the percentage of first‐pass PVI between the AI‐400 group and the AI‐350 group (left PVI: 80% vs 73.4%, P = .54; right PVI: 80% vs 60%, P = .1). Neither ablation time nor fluoroscopy time was significantly different between the AI‐400 group and the AI‐350 group.ConclusionsAF ablation guide by AI target value of 350 may reduce esophageal thermal injury and has a similar efficiency on the acute success rate of first‐pass PVI compared with an AI target value of 400 at the posterior wall.
Multilevel reinforcing dynamics: Global climate governance and European renewable energy policy
Authors: Rietig Katharina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article breaks new ground by revisiting the Multiple Streams Framework as central public policy theory and modifying it to take into account multilevel reinforcing dynamics. This is important as it allows policy change to be explained more accurately given the empirical interdependencies between policy‐making on the national, regional (e.g., European) and international levels, which so far have not been sufficiently taken into account by traditional public policy theories. It process‐traces how EU‐level policies motivated by energy security considerations and global climate leadership ambitions influenced international‐level agenda‐setting. Global climate change commitments in turn influenced European renewable energy and climate policy. Such multilevel reinforcing dynamics were central for the 2009 European Renewable Energy Directive, the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework and the 2050 European Green Deal proposal to emerge and subsequently facilitated the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change, which in turn motivated developed and developing countries to legislate and implement climate and renewable energy policies.
Women are not swayed by sugar‐coated acts of verbal sexual coercion
Authors: Garrido‐Macías Marta , Arriaga Ximena B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSexual coercion is receiving much attention with the #MeToo movement. Not all of the tactics that perpetrators use to coerce sex are perceived to be equally unacceptable. This study examined factors that may mitigate negative perceptions, including features of the perpetrator's tactics (verbal vs. physical tactics, relationship‐focused vs. self‐focused reasons to coerce sex) and raters' own current relationship (commitment, dependence, sexually coercive experiences). College women (N = 498) rated whether the perpetrator's behavior was acceptable, was excusable, and would adversely affect a relationship. Verbal (vs. physical) coercion, dependence on a current partner, and sexually coercive experiences in a current relationship mitigated negative perceptions. However, participant ratings were not influenced by the perpetrator's use of relationship‐focused reasons for coercing sex (vs. self‐focused reasons), suggesting that women may resist male attempts to sugar‐coat sexual coercion.
The international regulation for the protection of the environment in the development of marine renewable energy in the EU
Authors: Soria‐Rodríguez Carlos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMarine renewable energy (MRE) technologies have been fostered in the European Union (EU) due to their potential contribution to achieving the EU’s climate objectives and the decarbonization of the energy system. However, their development can pose severe environmental risks to marine ecosystems. Hence, the EU requires environmental protection and sustainable growth for the development of MRE in maritime spaces under the sovereignty or jurisdiction of EU Member States. This article analyses the main international law instruments for the protection of the environment against the impacts associated with the deployment of MRE in the EU. It argues that the international legal framework is theoretically capable of protecting the environment against the impacts of MRE, but that it needs to be further developed and specified to ensure exhaustive protection. However, it also highlights the important role of this framework to provide a basis for developing the framework at the EU secondary law level.