bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the construction of the inner zone of the CBM-TOF wall
Authors: Petriş M. , Bartoş D. , Duţă V. , Petrovici M. , Rădulescu L. , Simion V. , Frühauf J. , Deppner I. , Herrmann N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Time-of-Flight (TOF) subsystem, one of the core detectors of the CBM experiment, is dedicated to the identification of all charged hadrons produced in beam-target interaction. The targeted system time resolution of 80 ps and an efficiency above 90% should be maintained at a particle flux up to 30 kHz/cm2 in the region of low polar angles. In order to cope with these challenging requirements, CBM-TOF wall will be equipped with Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Counters with Multi-Strip readout (MSMGRPC).
Our R&D activity has been focused on the development of a MSMGRPC prototype for the most demanding region of the CBM-TOF wall, the region of low polar angles (from 2.5° to ∼12° around the beam pipe). The results obtained in heavy ion in-beam tests have demonstrated the performances of the developed prototypes in conditions of exposure of the whole active area to high flux and high multiplicity reaction products. The latest developed prototypes have an optimized design which fulfills simultaneously two important requirements for MSMGRPCs, the granularity for the inner zone of the CBM-TOF subdetector and the impedance matching to the front-end electronics. Based on the obtained in-beam test results and the architecture of the developed prototypes, a modular structure of 12 units called modules is proposed. A total number of 470 MSMGRPCs (~30000 readout channels) assures an uniform coverage of the active area.
Occupation of shell model orbitals extracted from knockout reactions
Authors: Cowley A. A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In recent years new facilities have been developed for quasifree knockout studies of unstable atomic nuclei. This has stimulated renewed interest in several unresolved issues from earlier work on stable targets. With selected examples the present paper provides a brief explanation to what extent results from the traditional investigations are reliable. As is known, current insight suggests a problem with the mean-field approximation to nuclear matter. To some extent this result is vulnerable to sensitivity to input ingredients of the theoretical model used to arrive at this conclusion. This review also implicitly provides some guidance in this respect.
Coulomb Excitation of Proton-rich N = 80 Isotones at HIE-ISOLDE
Authors: Kern Ralph , Zidarova Radostina , Pietralla Norbert , Rainovski Georgi , Gaffney Liam P. , Blazhev Andrey , Boukhari Amar , Cederkäll Joakim , Cubiss James G. , Djongolov Martin , Fransen Christoph , Gladnishki Kalin , Giannopoulos Efstathios , Hess Herbert , Jolie Jan , Karayonchev Vasil , Kaya Levent , Keatings James M. , Kocheva Diana , Kröll Thorsten , Möller Oliver , O’Neill George G. , Pakarinen Janne , Reiter Peter , Rosiak Dawid , Scheck Marcus , Snall Jacob , Söderström Pär-Anders , Spagnoletti Pietro , Stegmann Robert , Stoyanova Milena , Thiel Stefan , Vogt Andreas , Warr Nigel , Welker Andree , Werner Volker , Wiederhold Johannes , Witte Hilde De 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A projectile Coulomb-excitation experiment was performed at the radioactive ion beam facility HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. The radioactive 140Nd and 142Sm ions were post accelerated to the energy of 4.62 MeV/A and impinged on a 1.45 mg/cm2-thin 208Pb target. The γ rays depopulating the Coulomb-excited states were recorded by the HPGe-array MINIBALL. The scattered charged particles were detected by a double-sided silicon strip detector in forward direction. Experimental γ-ray intensities were used for the determination of electromagnetic transition matrix elements. Preliminary results for the reduced transition strength of the

B
(
M
1
;

2
3
+

→

2
1
+

)
=
0.35
(
19
)

μ
N
2

of 140Nd and a first estimation for 142Sm have been deduced using the Coulomb-excitation calculation software GOSIA. The

2
3
+

states of 140Nd and 142Sm show indications of being the main fragment of the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry

2

1
,
ms

+

state.
Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Deuterons From 13C
Authors: Burtebayev N , Janseitov D M , Kerimkulov Zh , Alimov D , Nassurlla M , Valiolda D S , Mauyey B , Demyanova A S , Danilov A N , Hamada Sh , Aimaganbetov A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The differential cross-sections of deuteron elastic and inelastic scattering on 13C target were measured at the cyclotron U-150M INP, Almaty, Kazakhstan. Accelerated deuteron ion energy was 14.5 MeV. The results of the study are new experimental data for the d + 13C process of elastic and inelastic scattering to the 3.68 (3/2−), 6.86 (5/2+) and 7.55 (5/2−)MeV excited states of the 13C nucleus. The optical model with either a Woods-Saxon potential or a double folding model were used for analyzing the experimental results on elastic scattering. We performed theoretical calculations within the framework the coupled channel (CC) method for the indicated excited states. The optimal deformation parameters for the excited states of 13C nucleus were extracted.
Spectroscopy of 7He in stopped pion absorption
Authors: Chernyshev B A , Demyanova A S , Gurov Yu B , Lapushkin S V , Leonova T I , Ogloblin A A , Sandukovsky V G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Formation of the 7He heavy isotope was studied in the reactions of stopped pion absorption by light nuclei 9Be, 10,11B and 12,14C. Measurements were performed using the two-arm multilayer semiconductor spectrometer. Contrary to the results of other studies, we observed several narrow highly excited states (Ex
> 16 MeV) of 7He. From the analysis of the continuous excitation spectrum in reactions 9Be(π−, d)X and 11B(π−, dd)X it was obtained first indication that the 4He+3n structure is not present in the ground state of 7He.
Assessment of ASTEC 2.1 capability to predict reactor core behaviour at the late phase of severe accident progression based on QUENCH-12
Authors: Vryashkova Petya , Groudev Pavlin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The presented paper discusses capability of recently developed version 2 revision 1, patch 1 of ASTEC computer code to predict a fuel behaviour at late phase of severe accident progression. The conducted assessment is part of the ASTEC validation based on available information from performed tests in QUENCH program for these purposes. It has been selected QUENCH-12 experiment for simulation of investigated phenomena as fuel cladding, oxidation and hydrogen generation, including temperature escalation during heat up followed by quenching overheated surface fuel cladding.
The QUENCH-12 experiment was proposed by FZK together with RIAR Dimitrovgrad and IBRAE Moskow (Russia). The test was conducted at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe on 27 December, 2006 in the frame of EC-supported ISTC program.
The selected QUENCH-12 experiment was performed to extend knowledge gathered in previous QUENCH test to fuel behaviour in other LWRs slightly different from well investigated western type PWR with squared lattice. The fuel assemblies with a hexagonal lattice and containing fuel rod claddings made of Zr1%Nb (E 110) using in the VVER reactors are investigated in the experiment.
The developed QUENCH-12 model for ASTEC code successfully predicted the entire sequence from initial heat-up to quench phase of experiment, except hydrogen generation during quenching phase at the end of transient.
Neutron induced reactions in massive spallation targets
Authors: Zhivkov P K , Stoaynov Ch P , Tyutyunnikov S I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
During the last 15 years at JINR, Dubna a large number of experiments have been done to investigate the neutron field generated in big spallation targets. The Energy plus Transmutation project has two set-ups: big U/Pb [1] and Quinta [2,3]. These set-ups are irradiated by high energy deuteron and proton beams. The project continues with the next generation “quasi infinite target”, a cylinder of 21 tons of depleted uranium packed in a steel cage (the experiments have not been done yet) [4]. Such a target has simple requirements: all generated neutrons deliver more than 90% of their energy in the target volume and the leakage ranges between 5 and 10% of the generated neutrons. There is a significant number of experimental results and simulations with different transport codes MCNPX, FLUKA, GEANT 4 for big U/Pb target and Quinta set ups. The comparison of simulations with reaction rate measurements shows very good agreement with an error range of 10-20%. These results provided the basis for additional simulations for similar set-ups. In the big U/Pb set-up the lead target is replaced by natU and the polyethylene (PE) cage is replaced by natPb. Similar calculations are done with the Quinta set-up. The natPb shield is replaced with polyethylene (PE). The integral number of neutron induced reactions, neutron production and leakage are calculated and compared.
Computational analysis of the Discrete Ordinates Adjoint Function applicability in VVER Monte Carlo modelling
Authors: Mitev M , Osmera B , Smutny V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The possible use of the adjoint function as an automated source for weight windows generation in the case of VVER-1000 benchmark transport calculations is presented in this paper. The numerical solution for obtaining the adjoint function is performed using the Discrete Ordinates code TORT. Interface software is used to translate the adjoint function into weight windows’ input parameters. A deep penetration problem has been modelled for the VVER-1000 Mock Up, built at the NRI/Rez’s LR-0 critical assembly for VVER-1000 benchmark studies. The neutron flux is evaluated in three locations placed on the azimuthal symmetry axis, radially from the reactor core to the shielding. The calculations are performed in three different approaches: by MCNP code using the weight windows obtained through the adjoint function, by MCNP code using weight windows created by the author through the standard procedure and by the TORT code. The results are compared in terms of integral fluxes and the validity of the adjoint function in variance reduction for VVER reactor Monte Carlo calculations is justified.
Regional differentiation in climate change induced drought trends in the Netherlands
Authors: Philip Sjoukje Y , Kew Sarah F , van der Wiel Karin , Wanders Niko , Jan van Oldenborgh Geert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The summer of 2018 was characterized by high temperatures and low precipitation values in the Netherlands. The drought negatively impacted different sectors, resulting in an estimated damage of 450 to 2080 million Euros. Strong regional differences were observed in the precipitation shortfall across the country, with highest deficits in the southern and eastern regions. This raised two questions: (i) have increasing global temperatures contributed to changes in meteorological and agricultural droughts as severe or worse as in 2018? And (ii) are trends in these types of droughts different for coastal and inland regions? In this paper we show that there is no trend in summer drought (Apr-Sep) near the coast. However, a trend in agricultural drought is observed for the inland region where water supply is mainly dependent on local precipitation. This trend is driven by strong trends in temperature and global radiation rather than a trend in precipitation, resulting in an overall trend in potential evapotranspiration. Climate model analyses confirm that this trend in agricultural drought can at least in part be attributed to global climate change.
Needs, opportunities and challenges for crop improvement in Indonesia
Authors: Mastur  , Lestari P , Sabran M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries with mega diversity. However, challenges in varietal improvement might affect the national agricultural development in Indonesia. This article discusses the need for improved crops, opportunities, challenges for crop improvement and addresses strategic crops improvement by applying advanced biotechnology in Indonesia. A growing population demands increased food supply. Thus, food self-sufficiency is a strategic agricultural development program due to its broad impact. The supply of fibre, feed, and fuel is also necessary for industrial development. At present, changes in land quality and climate influence agricultural productivity, especially crop productivity and quality. Therefore, crop genetic improvement significantly contributes to increase their production. The emerging biotechnological approaches, particularly new breeding techniques involving diverse genetic resources from Indonesia, would rapidly expand the gene pool for plant improvement. Moreover, accessible information technologies along with exchanges of genetic resources through the multilateral system, offer a new direction and partnership for advanced research. However, inadequate human resources, infrastructure, low investment in long-term research and lack of collaboration and coordination among research organizations can hinder the crop improvement. Additionally, genetic erosion and genetic resources management remain a concern. As strategies to engineer crop improvement, many approaches have been centered on prioritized national strategic crops for desired traits to overcome national issues. Possible breeding techniques can be enriched by exploring new supporting technologies including molecular markers, genetic engineering and genome editing, as well as by co-development and transfer of technologies for overall development in Indonesia.
Digital sequence information–legal questions for patent, copyright, trade secret protection and sharing of genomic sequencing data
Authors: Seitz C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Advances in sciences–both in molecular biology and information technology–have enabled new understandings of genetic resources and biological processes which lead to an ongoing fundamental paradigm shift. The phenomenon of big data resulting from genomic sequencing has emerged as a consequence of next generation sequencing technologies that generate large data sets in biotechnological research. Technical progress in such big data generation and management has opened previously unprecedented possibilities for research, the development of new products and leads to a vast amount of data being generated at an unprecedented speed, ranging from the extraction of information to data analysis and interpretation. While there will always remain a reliance on genetic materials, one may observe a trend that research and development activities using genetic materials are increasingly supplemented or substituted by computerized research activities based on digital sequence information (DSI). These developments lead to a revolutionary transformation in the use of genetic resources (GR), which is currently undergoing radical changes and may be considered as a “fourth industrial revolution”. It results not only in exponential growth of generated genetic data, which may lead to innovation and new products and services, but also poses a range of new regulatory and legal questions due to its specific characteristics. The rise of big data raises specific legal challenges in terms of data ownership and intellectual property, data stewardship and governance, as well as technology transfer and licensing. One example is the question on how to regulate access and benefit-sharing for plant genetic resources and regulatory approvals for gene-edited plants as a result of new genomic technologies, which illustrates the use of DSI as an essential tool for research and development along with the requirements to exchange such information. Existing exchange mechanisms include, for instance, open-access databases and DSI platforms. Their data access and exchange policies would presumably be intended to maintain consistency with the objectives, policies and regulations of the Access and Benefit-Sharing system (ABS system). A large number of these questions are currently subject to discussions on an international, regional, as well as on a national level. This paper shall shed light on some of these questions to reflect the current and ongoing discussion on the issue and focus on the protection of DSI and address the question of the application of ABS systems to DSI.
Synergy between CBD/Nagoya Protocol and ITPGRFA on access and benefit-sharing on plant genetic
Authors: Yamamoto A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR) is a prerequisite for benefit-sharing. However, scientists cannot fully utilize PGR because access to their PGR has been governed by Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) on Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT). For example, plant breeders face difficulties when they hybridize PGR accessed under CBD/Nagoya Protocol (CBD/NP) with PGR received from the Multilateral System (MLS) under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). The difficulties of plant breeders could be overcome through developing a Breeding Model combining bilateral and multilateral approaches, with particular focus on transaction of PGR from in situ to ex situ. The bilateral element in the Breeding Model is expected to be acceptable by providing countries since the benefit will be shared back to them. It will also make the MLS more attractive to users since it will introduce new PGR from in situ.
Genome editing for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)–current status and future prospects
Authors: Douches D S , Nadakuduti S S , Enciso F , Carpintero N M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Genome editing has revolutionized crop improvement. For a heterozygous tetraploid and vegetatively propagated crop such as cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48), gene editing presents tremendous opportunities for trait improvement. In potato, traits such as improving cold storage and processing, herbicide tolerance, self-compatibility and modified starch quality have been targeted utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs reagents in diploid and tetraploid clones. In our research program, we have used gene editing to modify herbicide resistance, overcome self-incompatibility in diploid potatoes, and assess off-target effect of the gene editing reagents. The potential to generate transgene-free plants via genome editing coupled with a recently streamlined regulatory route by the US Department of Agriculture for plants engineered by this technology, crops with genomic resources, and established genetic transformation and regeneration procedures such as potato are in-line to benefit from the technology’s full potential. This paper summarizes the developments in genome editing platforms and delivery mechanisms applicable to various crop species with a focus on potato, a global food security crop, providing insight into current advances, challenges and future prospects of utilizing genome editing for trait improvement.
Mass genome sequencing of crops and wild relatives to accelerate crop breeding: the digital rice genebank
Authors: McNally K L , Mauleon R P , Chebotarov D , Klassen S P , Kohli A , Ye G , Leung H , Hamilton R S , Wing R A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The advent of next generation sequencing, and more recently third generation sequencing, has enabled researchers to begin interrogating the genomic information of thousands of accessions of conserved genetic resources as well as cultivated varieties. Here, we describe recent results from the 3,000 Rice Genomes Project (3K RGP) and summarize a few of the projects for other crop species. The 3K RGP has served as the catalyst to create a digital rice genebank with the intent to sequence many more of the conserved accessions held in the International Rice Genebank Collection in the coming years. We are progressing with generating high quality reference builds for the 15 subpopulations defined by the 3K RG analyses. These along with reference builds of the wild relatives will allow access to the unique genomic regions specific to particular cultivated types and wild relatives. We have also begun efforts to sequence a further 10,000 accessions of rice in collaboration with partners in China. Yet, in-depth sequence data and initial comparative bioinformatic analyses are not enough to promote efficient use. Hence, high throughput phenomic screening in multiple environments, development of novel genetic populations, computational genetics and modeling will be necessary to understand the link between genotype to phenotype and its environmental control. The combination of these approaches underpinned by computational analyses will allow identification of novel genes and alleles that can be deployed into elite varieties for sustainable crop improvement.
Integrating the intangible traditional forms of farming knowledge and practices of the Alur people of North-Western Uganda into the IP laws of Uganda
Authors: Gilbert W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Documentation of traditional knowledge about traditional forms of farming knowledge and practices is essential to prevent its erosion over time, to enable its accessibility to subsequent generations of the same community, as well as other communities to attempt value-addition and possible benefit-sharing among various stakeholders, and finally to link innovation, investment and enterprise. Therefore, in the absence of documentation, potential investors and entrepreneurs would have to bear a very high transaction cost in order to seek information about potentially viable and useful IP produced by local communities and individual innovators. The transaction cost for a community to scout potential partners for value addition would even be higher. In such a situation, a single TK documentation could be beneficial. Accordingly, Integrating Intangible Traditional Farming Knowledge and practices in the IP laws of Uganda for global opportunities is a project intended to identify, collect, organize, register or record traditional forms of farming knowledge and practices (TK), as a means to dynamically maintain, manage, use, disseminate and or protect TK (positively or defensively). It is intended to form part of a comprehensive, thought-through the process of TK documentation and, in effect to act the documented knowledge would be shared only following the directions of the provider of knowledge. Unless authorized by the provider of knowledge, it will not be shared with anyone for any purpose and will be kept in the register as a confidential entry. However, broad categories of the knowledge or practices will be shared, so that interested seekers of this knowledge can be put in touch with providers.