bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Brik Tessa , Vrouenraets Lieke J. J. J. , de Vries Martine C. , Hannema Sabine E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) are recommended as initial treatment for adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria, providing time to follow gender identity development and consider further treatment wishes without distress caused by unwanted pubertal changes. This has been described as an extended diagnostic phase. However, there are also concerns about the physical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial effects of this treatment. In this retrospective study, we document trajectories after the initiation of GnRHa and explore reasons for extended use and discontinuation of GnRHa. Treatment was considered appropriate in 143 (67%) of the 214 adolescents eligible for GnRHa treatment by virtue of their age/pubertal status, and all started GnRHa (38 transgirls, 105 transboys; median age, 15.0 years [range, 11.1–18.6] and 16.1 years [range, 10.1–17.9]). After a median duration of 0.8 years (0.3–3.8) on GnRHa, 125 (87%) started gender-affirming hormones (GAH). Nine (6%) discontinued GnRHa, five of whom no longer wished gender-affirming treatment. Thirteen had used GnRHa for longer than required by protocol for reasons other than logistics and regularly met with a mental health professional during this time, supporting the use of GnRHa treatment as an extended diagnostic phase. In conclusion, the vast majority who started GnRHa proceeded to GAH, possibly due to eligibility criteria that select those highly likely to pursue further gender-affirming treatment. Due to the observational character of the study, it is not possible to say if GnRHa treatment itself influenced the outcome. Few individuals discontinued GnRHa, and only 3.5% no longer wished gender-affirming treatment.
Preserved right ventricular function but increased right atrial contractile demand in altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Sareban Mahdi , Perz Tabea , Macholz Franziska , Reich Bernhard , Schmidt Peter , Fried Sebastian , Mairbäurl Heimo , Berger Marc M. , Niebauer Josef 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Ascent to high altitude increases right ventricular (RV) afterload and decreases myocardial energy supply. This study evaluates physiologic variables and comprehensive echocardiographic indices of RV and right atrial (RA) function following rapid ascent to high altitude.

Methods
Fifty healthy volunteers actively ascended from 1130 to 4559 m in < 22 h. All participants underwent 2D echocardiography during baseline examination at low altitude (424 m) and at three study time-points (7, 20 and 44 h) after arrival at high altitude. In addition to systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), comprehensive 2D planimetric-, tissue Doppler- and speckle-tracking-derived strain indices of RA and RV function were obtained.

Results
sPAP increased from baseline (24 ± 4 mmHg) to the first altitude examination (39 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) and remained elevated during the following 44 h. Global RV function did not change. RA reservoir strain showed a trend towards increase from baseline (50.2 ± 12.1%) to the first altitude examination (53.8 ± 11.0%, p = 0.07) secondary to a significant increase of RA contraction strain (19.2 ± 6.4 vs. 25.4 ± 9.6%, p < 0.001). Volumetric RA data largely paralleled RA strain results and RA active emptying volume was increased throughout the 44 h stay at high altitude.

Conclusion
Active and rapid ascent of healthy individuals to 4559 m is associated with an increased contractile performance of the RA that compensates for the increased workload of the RV.
Porous DMN-co-GMA copolymers modified with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone
Authors: Maciejewska Małgorzata , Rogulska Magdalena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPorous microspheres obtained from 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate (GMA) and 1,4-di(methacryloyloxymethyl) naphthalene (DMN) were modified by the reaction of active oxirane group with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HP). Spherical shape of the copolymers was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy whereas low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption method was applied to determine their porous structure. It was found that the modification process did not change noticeably the internal structure of the materials. The specific surface area for both types of materials ranged from 41 to 106 m2g−1 depending on the molar ratio of the monomers. Changes, however, were observed in reference to thermal properties. They were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry coupled with FTIR in inert and oxidative conditions. The reaction with HP reinforced thermal stability of the modified microspheres in helium atmosphere. Their initial decomposition temperatures (IDTs) increased to 273–281 °C. In air atmosphere, the values of IDTs were at the same level (248–269 °C). The modified beads decomposed in three (helium) or two (air) stages.
Ethical Foresight Analysis: What it is and Why it is Needed?
Authors: Floridi Luciano , Strait Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn increasing number of technology firms are implementing processes to identify and evaluate the ethical risks of their systems and products. A key part of these review processes is to foresee potential impacts of these technologies on different groups of users. In this article, we use the expression Ethical Foresight Analysis (EFA) to refer to a variety of analytical strategies for anticipating or predicting the ethical issues that new technological artefacts, services, and applications may raise. This article examines several existing EFA methodologies currently in use. It identifies the purposes of ethical foresight, the kinds of methods that current methodologies employ, and the strengths and weaknesses of each of these current approaches. The conclusion is that a new kind of foresight analysis on the ethics of emerging technologies is both feasible and urgently needed.
Not Doing it Properly? (Re)producing and Resisting Knowledge Through Narratives of Autistic Sexualities
Authors: Bertilsdotter Rosqvist Hanna , Jackson-Perry David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAutism is conceptualized in much scientific literature as being associated with restricted and repetitive interests, characterized by an ‘empathy deficit’, and negatively impacting social communication. Meanwhile, ‘good and healthy’ sexuality is largely considered to be a social endeavor: asexuality and sexualities defined by acts rather than by partner gender—for example kink or BDSM—are broadly pathologized. Perhaps, therefore, first-hand autistic experiences of sexuality challenge existing assumptions about ‘good and healthy’ sexualities within couplehood. As a theoretical starting point to explore this potential, we revisit Gayle Rubin’s notion of ‘sex within the charmed circle’ to ask whether autistic sexuality can ever truly ‘fit’ within this (neurotypically defined) virtuous sexual arena. We further consider the ways in which the intersection of autism and sexuality is understood and experienced in first-hand autistic accounts of sexuality within a specific context, through analysis of a Swedish online discussion forum in which autistic people discuss sexuality. In doing so we seek both to better understand autistic sexual experience, and to track and deconstruct potentially restrictive assumptions of (non-autistic) couple sexuality more generally. We also consider ways in which assumptions of deficit concerning both non-normative sexualities and autism may have a deleterious effect on autistic people and on research more broadly, limiting theoretical and conceptual understandings of autism and autistic ways of (sexual) being by a default comparison to sexual and neurological norms.
Einbürgerungsfeiern in Deutschland: Die symbolische Dekonstruktion nationaler Zugehörigkeit
Authors: Jakob Maria 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit einigen Jahren wird der Einbürgerungsprozess in Deutschland optional um eine offizielle Feier für die Neubürger*innen ergänzt. Die vorliegende rekonstruktive Analyse fasst diese Einbürgerungsfeiern als eine Instanz der symbolischen Arbeit an gesellschaftlicher Zugehörigkeit auf. Auf ihnen wird die nationale Zugehörigkeit zunehmend dekonstruiert und durch alternative Bestimmungen von Zugehörigkeit ersetzt, die vier Codes folgen: dem Lokalen, der (Hoch‑)Kultur, der Leistung und der Bürgerlichkeit. Diese Codes werden auf den Feiern in Reden ausgedeutet, in Musik, Geschenken und weiteren Feierelementen symbolisiert sowie mit Blick auf die Alltagserfahrungen der Teilnehmenden verankert. Die Einbürgerungsfeiern spiegeln damit einerseits eine generelle Entwicklung zu liberaleren und zugleich stärker kulturalisierten Bestimmungen von Zugehörigkeit wider, die sowohl die öffentlichen Debatten der letzten Jahrzehnte als auch die Anpassung des deutschen Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts geprägt haben. Andererseits finden die Feiern mit der symbolischen Arbeit an den Codes eine eigenständige rituelle Antwort auf die Ambivalenzen, die durch diese Debatten und neuen gesetzlichen Regelungen hervorgebracht wurden.
Current challenges in molecular diagnostics of insect venom allergy
Authors: Perez-Riverol A. , Palma M. S. , Jakob T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Advanced component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) in Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) has improved the precise description of individual sensitization profiles. However, diagnostic gaps, peptide-based cross-reactivity, early identification of severe reactors and diagnosis of patients with a clear history of sting reactions but negative specific IgE and skin tests, remain challenging.

Methods
Systematic literature search in PubMed and critical analysis of recently published studies on insect venom allergy diagnostics.

Results and discussion
CRD has increased the sensitivity of IgE testing and improved the discrimination of primary sensitization from irrelevant cross-reactivity, ultimately providing a better rationale for therapeutic decisions. Despite these major advances, there is still room for improvement in routine HVA diagnostics. Peptide based cross-reactivity among homologous allergens from Vespinae and Polistinae venoms as well as still existing diagnostic gaps are particularly challenging. No marker allergens are currently available to differentiate Vespula and Polistes sensitizations. Several strategies including clinical setting of basophil activation test (BAT) for routine diagnostics, venomic analysis for the identification of novel allergens and characterization of the molecular basis of cross-reactivity could be used to address major limitations and unresolved issues in molecular diagnostics of HVA.
Reuse of Abandoned Railways Leads to Urban Regeneration: A Tale from a Rust Track to a Green Corridor in Zhangjiakou
Authors: Zhang Chun , Dai Shujian , Xia Haishan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile high-speed train systems have accelerated mobility in China during the twenty-first century, the train systems of normal speed have gradually been replaced and abandoned, resulting in a "rust belt" in some Chinese cities. The reuse of abandoned railways provides a way to rebuild urban public transit based on the traditional tracks, and is also a way to transform towards urban regeneration of the surrounding neighborhood. Previous studies discussed the possibilities of three perspectives of reusing the abandoned rails: as a new transportation route, as a place for tourism and commerce and as a green corridor for the public. As a case study, this paper selects Zhangjiakou City, which is the terminal of the first railway routes built by Chinese, and explores methods of transformation from rail to urban rail transit. Under the background of the Beijing Winter Olympics of 2022 being partly held in Zhangjiakou City, the old North station and a 10-km rail between the North and South Station have been abandoned since 2014. This paper suggests conversion of the railway into an urban tram to meet the increasing commuter flow between the old and new city center. Additionally, transformation of the abandoned railway located in the city center will also trigger the urban space regeneration by increasing more urban functions and promoting urban public space. This research might shed light on other cities with similar transforming transportation facilities by analyzing the reuse possibilities of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in Zhangjiakou City.
Aging Agents: Cross Generational Analysis of Behavior and Need Satisfaction Among Players of Tom Clancy’s The Division 2
Authors: Azadvar Ahmad , Dalqvist Ebba 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research investigated the effect of age on players of an online multiplayer shooter. Through combining the data from two large scale surveys, we collected information regarding age, gaming habits, game rating and psychological need satisfaction for 8120 players ofTom Clancy’s The Division. Behavioral data extracted from the game’s tracking engine was then cross-referenced for different age groups to indicate motivational, behavioral and habitual characteristics of each age group. To find the importance of measured factors we employed a rank-based model for comparing independent sample means for intergenerational analysis (Kendall’s tau for non-parametric correlations) as well as multiple Machine Learning algorithms. Results found that different measures of playtime vary significantly among generations. Baby Boomers showed significantly higher playtime, days played and group playtime. Intergenerational comparison of perceived need satisfaction also found that older gamers feel more agentic, present in the narrative, closer to non-playable characters but less competent at the game. Percentage of group playtime also showed a decrease in older generations. Future research may expand cross generational analysis to other game types and include more granular behavioral measures.
Property $$(UW{\scriptstyle \Pi })$$ under perturbations
Authors: Aiena P. , Kachad M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProperty$$(UW {\scriptstyle \Pi })$$(UWΠ), introduced in Berkani and Kachad (Bull Korean Math Soc 49:1027–1040, 2015) and studied more recently in Aiena and Kachad (Acta Sci Math (Szeged) 84:555–571, 2018) may be thought as a variant of Browder’s theorem, or Weyl’s theorem, for bounded linear operators acting on Banach spaces. In this article we study the stability of this property under some commuting perturbations, as quasi-nilpotent perturbation and, more in general, under Riesz commuting perturbations. We also study the transmission of property$$(UW {\scriptstyle \Pi })$$(UWΠ)fromTtof(T), wherefis an analytic function defined on a neighborhood of the spectrum ofT. Furthermore, it is shown that this property is transferred from a Drazin invertible operatorTto its Drazin inverseS.
The Use of Penile Computed Tomography Cavernosogram in the Evaluation of Peyronie's Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: McCullough Andrew , Trussler James , Alnammi Mohanned , Schober Jared , Flacke Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinical assessment of Peyronie disease (PD) is unreliable and difficult to reproduce.

Aim
To assess the utility of the computed tomography cavernosography (CTC) in evaluating the penile functional abnormalities of PD.

Methods
Men were placed in the Philips IQon Spectral CT scanner (Phillips, Cambridge, MA, USA) in the supine position. The penis was injected with trimix (papaverine 30 mg/cc, phentolamine 2 mg/cc, and prostaglandin 20 mcg/cc) in the left proximal base using a 27-gauge syringe. Clinical effect was assessed after 5 minutes. If penile erection was less rigid than adequate for penetration, the dose was repeated until a satisfactory result was achieved. A subcutaneous injection of 1% lidocaine for local analgesia was then injected into the left subcoronal corpora. After the maximum erection was obtained, a 20-gauge angiocatheter was inserted into the anesthetized area. The angiocatheter was connected via intravenous tubing to a 60-cc luer lock syringe of 50% mixture of iodinated contrast in normal saline. The penis was manually inflated until maximum erection was achieved as per the patient's report. The patient then underwent computed tomography scan. Upon completion, a reversal dose of phenylephrine was administered through the angiocatheter. The angiocatheter was then removed, and a penile compression dressing was applied.

Outcomes
Images were assessed for degree of curvature, presence of corporal involvement, and location of corporal involvement.

Results
63 men underwent CTC. The average age was 57 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54, 60). Duration of PD was 5.2 years (95% CI: 3, 7). Diabetes and hypogonadism were found in 15% and 50% of men, respectively. The primary angulation was 52° (95% CI: 40, 60). Multiple angulations were found in 80% of men with 3 or more degrees of angulation in 14%. Bilateral corporal involvement was found in 87%, and proximal involvement was found in 64%. Dorsal/dorsolateral, ventral/ventrolateral, lateral, and hourglass/corkscrew deformities were seen in 58%, 23%, 12%, and 7%, respectively. Average dose of trimix (mg-papaverine + mg-phentolamine + mcg-PGE-1), contrast dose, and radiation dose per scan were 26 (22, 31), 55 cc (47, 63), and 770 mGy∗cm (902, 638), respectively.

Clinical Implications
CTC may reveal additional information regarding the anatomy of the penis in men with PD which is not readily available by existing methods of evaluation.

Strengths & Limitations
We evaluated a small cohort of men with CTC which allowed for detailed visualization and assessment of their PD. This study is limited by the small sample of patients, retrospective nature, and absence of clinical outcomes which will require further study in the future.

Conclusion
The CTC may be useful in clearly defining the corporal abnormalities in men with PD.
The Caribbean Strong Summit: Building Resilience With Equity
Authors: Maas Cortés Leslie , Rodriguez-Rivera Melanie Z. , James James J. , Cordero José F 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe objective of the Caribbean Strong Summit was to plan an intersectoral summit to address the equity of community health and resilience for disaster preparedness, response and recovery and develop a set of integrated and actionable recommendations for Puerto Rico and the Caribbean Region post Hurricanes Irma and Maria. A three-day meeting was convened with a wide range of community, organizational and private sector leaders along with representatives from Puerto Rico, the Caribbean, the Americas, and global experts to generate recommendations for enhanced resilience based upon lessons learned and evidence-based approaches. More than 500 participants from the region gave 104 presentations with recommendations for resilience. Over 150 recommendations were generated and ranked for importance and actionability by participants. A representative sample of these are presented along with five major themes for building health resilient communities in the Caribbean. This summit was successful in compiling a set of integrated recommendations from more than 19 diverse sectors and in defining five major thematic areas for future work to enhance resilience for all types of future disasters. A follow-up meeting should be planned to continue this discussion and to showcase work that has been accomplished in these areas. A complete set of the recommendations from the Caribbean Strong Summit and their analysis and compilation would be published and should serve as a foundational effort to enhance preparedness and resiliency towards future disasters in the Caribbean.
Paleoecology and taxonomy ofSchoenaster carterensis, a new encrinasterid ophiuroid species from the Upper Mississippian (Chesterian) Slade Formation of northeastern Kentucky, USA
Authors: Harris Ann W. , Ettensohn Frank R. , Carnahan-Jarvis Jill E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSchoenaster carterensisnew species, is an asteroid-like ophiuroid (Echinodermata) from Upper Mississippian (Chesterian) shallow-water carbonates in the Ramey Creek Member of the Slade Formation in northeastern Kentucky. First described in the 1860s from Lower and Middle Mississippian rocks,SchoenasterMeek and Worthen, 1860 is not a well-known fossil genus, but the 39 specimens in this collection permitted further definition of the genus and extended its range by ca. 17 Ma into Late Mississippian (Chesterian) time. The number of specimens also permitted differentiation of growth stages based on average arm length and showed that arm length, disk perimeter, and disk area are interrelated in statistically significant ways. Although replaced by chert, the specimens are nearly intact due to rapid burial as rare constituents in habitat communities distributed among four once-contiguous habitats, including shoal, shoal margin, transitional, and basinal. Most of the ophiuroids were concentrated on firm grounds or hardgrounds in shoal and transitional environments, concentrations that probably reflect substratum stability and the ability to support the ophiuroid's generalist feeding strategy. Many fossil ophiuroid species are known from only a few specimens, severely limiting interpretations about their detailed taxonomy, individual variation, and ecology. In contrast, the greater number of specimens and extensive knowledge of geologic occurrence in this study permitted detailed interpretations regarding the taxonomic, intraspecific, and ecologic attributes of this species, which might be useful in the study of other fossil ophiuroids.UUID:http://www.zoobank.org/ffd945d8-63ac-4c38-a2d3-8647558dbbf0
Out of sync, out of society: Political beliefs and social networks
Authors: Joo Won-tak , Fletcher Jason 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWho is more likely to be isolated from society in terms of political beliefs? To answer this question, we measure whether individuals’ beliefs are “out of sync”—the extent to which their views differ with their contemporaries—and examine how the level of synchronization is associated with the size of important-matter and political-matter discussion networks. The results show that people with weaker belief synchronization are more likely to have smaller important-matter discussion networks. However, additional analyses of political-matter discussion networks show that weaker belief synchronization is associated with smaller networks only among those without a high school diploma and even provides some advantage in maintaining larger networks for the college-educated. Overall, the results imply that political beliefs that are “out of sync” correspond to the individual being “out of society,” whereas the aspects of “out of society” are quite different among educational groups.