bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and synthesis of novel 1,3,4‐oxadiazole based azaspirocycles catalyzed by NaI under mild condition and evaluated their antidiabetic and antibacterial activities
Authors: Radia Ashish J. , Lalpara Jaydeep N. , Modasiya Ishita J. , Dubal Gaurang G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA modest, efficient, and mild synthetic procedure has been developed for the synthesis of novel series of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole containing azaspirocycles derivatives. The reaction of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivative with diverse azaspiro compounds under room temperature condition with helps of sodium iodide catalyst and polar aprotic solvent. Numerous compensations of this strategy embrace less time required, yield increment, consumption of all reactants, and mild condition. All synthesized compounds evaluated for in vitro antidiabetic and antibacterial screening. Among them some compounds show significant biological response.
The assessment and pharmacological management of osteoporosis after admission for minimal‐trauma fracture at a major metropolitan centre
Authors: Hopkins Ria E. , Warner Victoria , Sztal‐Mazer Shoshana , Poole Susan , Page Amy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionSignificant evidence‐to‐practice gaps in osteoporosis management have led to national guidelines, the impact of which is unknown. We evaluated osteoporosis assessment and management after hospital admission to a major metropolitan centre with minimal trauma fracture (MTF) in the context of Australian osteoporosis guidelines.MethodThis retrospective analysis included patients over 50 years of age who were admitted to hospital for over 48 h with MTF from 1st January to 31st December 2015. All emergency department (ED) presentations for fracture were identified by diagnosis coding, and 60% were randomly selected for hand‐screening to exclude traumatic, pathological, facial and digit fractures. Data were collected from medical records, and inpatient and discharge osteoporosis management was compared to Australian guideline recommendations.ResultsOf 1355 patients presenting to the ED with fracture in 2015, 805 were screened, with 272 eligible for inclusion. Median age was 83 years (IQR 73–88); 69% were female, 161 participants (59%) presented with a hip or vertebral fracture and 80 (29%) participants had a documented pre‐existing osteoporosis diagnosis. Anti‐resorptive medications were indicated for 189 participants according to guidelines, though were only prescribed for one‐third of these patients (n = 65/189, 34%). Bone mineral density testing was warranted in a further 83 patients, and undertaken in nine (11%). Only 110 participants (40%) had the words “osteoporosis” or “osteopenia” documented in their discharge summary.DiscussionHealth professionals involved in the care of hospitalised patients with MTF are still missing opportunities to prevent future harms by commencing appropriate management to reduce subsequent fracture risk.
The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to ecosystem respiration and methane flux in an ephemeral plants‐dominated desert
Authors: Yue Ping , Cui Xiaoqing , Zuo Xiaoan , Li Kaihui , Wang Shaokun , Jia Yangyang , Misselbrook Tom , Liu Xuejun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can significantly influence the soil carbon cycle, however, their impacts on desert soils are still unclear. Here, a field control experiment, using in‐growth mesocosms, was conducted to quantitatively assess the contribution of AMF and ephemeral plants to ecosystem respiration (Re) and methane (CH4) flux in the Gurbantunggut Desert in China, from April to May 2017. Ephemeral plant biomass was significantly increased by AMF infection. Re was significantly positively correlated with AMF infection rate, whereas CH4 flux was significantly negatively correlated. The contribution of AMF to Re was up to 24%, comparable to the contribution of non‐AMF microbial respiration, which accounted for up to 36%, whereas the respiration of ephemeral plants accounted for 40%. Variation in Re was most strongly associated with soil organic carbon and soil available potassium concentrations and soil temperature. Non‐AMF microorganisms accounted for most of the CH4 flux (up to 85%). In contrast, AMF only accounted for 15% of total CH4 flux. The CH4 flux was significantly influenced by soil NO3−‐N content, soil moisture, soil temperature and soil NH4+‐N content. Overall, AMF significantly influenced Re and CH4 flux, and also enhanced the growth of ephemeral plants, which have an important role in the carbon cycle in desert ecosystems.
Catechin‐Rich Green Tea Extract and the Loss‐of‐TLR4 Signaling Differentially Alter the Hepatic Metabolome in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Sasaki Geoffrey Y. , Li Jinhui , Cichon Morgan J. , Kopec Rachel E. , Bruno Richard S. 
Published: November 2020

ScopeCatechin‐rich green tea extract (GTE) limits inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) consistent with a Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐dependent mechanism. It is hypothesized that GTE supplementation during NASH will shift the hepatic metabolome similar to that attributed to the loss‐of‐TLR4 signaling.Methods and resultsWild‐type (WT) and loss‐of‐function TLR4‐mutant (TLR4mut) mice are fed a high‐fat diet containing 0% or 2% GTE for 8 weeks prior to performing untargeted mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics on liver tissue. The loss‐of‐TLR4 signaling and GTE shift the hepatic metabolome away from that of WT mice. However, relatively few metabolites are altered by GTE in WT mice to the same extent as the loss‐of‐TLR4 signaling in TLR4mut mice. GTE increases acetyl‐coenzyme A precursors and spermidine to a greater extent than the loss‐of‐TLR4 signaling. Select metabolites associated with thiol metabolism are similarly affected by GTE and the loss‐of‐TLR4 signaling. Glycerophospholipid catabolites are decreased by GTE, but are unaffected in TLR4mut mice. Conversely, the loss‐of‐TLR4 signaling but not GTE increases several bile acid metabolites.ConclusionGTE limitedly alters the hepatic metabolome consistent with a TLR4‐dependent mechanism. This suggests that the anti‐inflammatory activities of GTE and loss‐of‐TLR4 signaling that regulate hepatic metabolism to abrogate NASH are likely due to distinct mechanisms.
Exploring the Feasibility of Selectively Breeding Farmed Atlantic Surfclams Spisula solidissima for Greater Heat Tolerance
Authors: Acquafredda Michael P. , Guo Ximing , Munroe Daphne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bivalve aquaculture is an important and rapidly expanding sector in global food production, yet climate change presents numerous challenges to its continued expansion. The Atlantic surfclam Spisula solidissima is emerging as an attractive alternate species for aquaculturists across the northeastern United States since it is native, grows rapidly, and complements the region’s established farming framework. However, the species is vulnerable to prolonged high temperature conditions, an issue that will be exacerbated by rising ocean temperatures and is particularly problematic on shallow coastal farms. In this study, we evaluated the response of adult farmed Atlantic surfclams to heat stress after juvenile exposure and the ability for heat tolerance to be passed to subsequent generations. We found that when juvenile Atlantic surfclams were exposed to prolonged lethal temperatures, the adult survivors withstood subsequent heat stress for significantly longer than individuals not exposed to lethal temperatures as juveniles. We also found that selective breeding enhanced heat tolerance in first-generation Atlantic surfclam progeny. Moreover, growth of the heat-selected progeny was not significantly different from that of control Atlantic surfclams. Although more research on this topic is necessary, this work suggests that selective breeding may be a viable strategy for enhancing survival of cultivated bivalves vulnerable to heat stress.
The obstacles to nurses being present with patients
Authors: Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh Foroozan , Monjazabi Fatemeh , Fathollahzadeh Ensieh , Parastoo Oujian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the present research was to investigate the obstacles, which prevent nurses being present with patients.BackgroundIt is vital for nurses to be able to spend time with patients for an accurate assessment of patients' needs to take place and to allow patients to express their concerns. The factors, which prevent nurses spending time with patients, are still unclear.MethodData were collected using semi‐structured interviews with thirty‐five participants, including the nurses and physicians from educational hospitals of Tehran. The analysis was performed through the conventional content analysis. To achieve accuracy and trustworthiness of the data, the Lincoln and Guba criteria were used.ResultThe results of the study can be summarized as: “conflict between human considerations and bureaucratic structure,” “failure to meet basic needs,” “the personal and interpersonal aspects of caring” and “safety in caring context.”ConclusionTo ensure high‐quality care, it is important to understand more fully the factors that prevent nurses spending time with patients. Interventions are needed to allow nurses to spend more time with the patients.Implication for nursing managementHealth service managers should consider that the intrinsic motivation of nurses is to care for patients. They can increase the presence of nurses at patients' bedside and improve care quality by creating an attractive working environment, appreciating nurses' values, paying attention to their opinions and establishing professional communication based on mutual respect.
Copper deficiency alters shoot architecture and reduces fertility of both gynoecium and androecium in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Rahmati Ishka Maryam , Vatamaniuk Olena K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCopper deficiency reduces plant growth, male fertility, and seed set. The contribution of copper to female fertility and the underlying molecular aspects of copper deficiency‐caused phenotypes are not well known. We show that among copper deficiency‐caused defects in Arabidopsis thaliana were also the increased shoot branching, delayed flowering and senescence, and entirely abolished gynoecium fertility. The increased shoot branching of copper‐deficient plants was rescued by the exogenous application of auxin or copper. The delayed flowering was associated with the decreased expression of the floral activator, FT. Copper deficiency also decreased the expression of senescence‐associated genes, WRKY53 and SAG13, but increased the expression of SAG12. The reduced fertility of copper‐deficient plants stemmed from multiple factors including the abnormal stigma papillae development, the abolished gynoecium fertility, and the failure of anthers to dehisce. The latter defect was associated with reduced lignification, the upregulation of copper microRNAs and the downregulation of their targets, laccases, implicated in lignin synthesis. Copper‐deficient plants accumulated ROS in pollen and had reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in both leaves and floral buds. This study opens new avenues for the investigation into the relationship between copper homeostasis, hormone‐mediated shoot architecture, gynoecium fertility, and copper deficiency‐derived nutritional signals leading to the delay in flowering and senescence.
Perturbing the energy landscape for improved packing during computational protein design
Authors: Maguire Jack B. , Haddox Hugh K. , Strickland Devin , Halabiya Samer F. , Coventry Brian , Griffin Jermel R. , Pulavarti Surya V. S. R. K , Cummins Matthew , Thieker David F , Klavins Eric , Szyperski Thomas , DiMaio Frank , Baker David , Kuhlman Brian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe FastDesign protocol in the molecular modeling program Rosetta iterates between sequence optimization and structure refinement to stabilize de novo designed protein structures and complexes. FastDesign has been used previously to design novel protein folds and assemblies with important applications in research and medicine. To promote sampling of alternative conformations and sequences, FastDesign includes stages where the energy landscape is smoothened by reducing repulsive forces. Here, we discover that this process disfavors larger amino acids in the protein core because the protein compresses in the early stages of refinement. By testing alternative ramping strategies for the repulsive weight, we arrive at a scheme that produces lower energy designs with more native‐like sequence composition in the protein core. We further validate the protocol by designing and experimentally characterizing over 4000 proteins and show that the new protocol produces higher stability proteins.
“It Took Us a Long Time to Go Here”: Creating Space for Young Children’s Transnationalism in an Early Writers’ Workshop
Authors: Machado Emily , Hartman Paul 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough growing numbers of children engage in transnational literacy practices in their homes and communities, these practices are rarely invited into the early literacy classroom, where teachers face increasing pressure to standardize instruction. In this qualitative, participatory case study, we examined how one early literacy teacher created space for young children to explore transnationalism within his primary‐level writers’ workshop. Drawing on theories associated with thetrans‐ turn in scholarship and using portraiture in analysis, we document how this teacher modified his published literacy curriculum to center students’ translingual and transnational literacy practices. We also describe how three young children took up invitations to compose poetry that explored their transnational identities and experiences, highlighting how explorations of transnationalism enriched their writing. Ultimately, we suggest that early literacy teachers, including those working within the confines of increasingly standardized curricula, can create spaces for children to explore and express the fullness of their lives, including their transnationalism. We conclude with implications of this work for teaching and future research.
Recentering Purpose and Audience as Part of a Critical, Humanizing Approach to Writing Instruction
Authors: Land Charlotte L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study addressed tensions faced by teachers in balancing the types of writing valued in today’s schools, the needs of today’s writers beyond school, and the rich cultural and linguistic resources that students bring into today’s classrooms. Drawing from data generated in a larger study of teachers in an inquiry group and their related classroom practice, I focus on one fourth‐grade teacher’s work to explore the following research question: How might teachers translate critical, humanizing pedagogies into their classroom writing instruction? New understandings illuminated in this article highlight how one teacher drew on purpose and audience, as (re)defined tools for writing, to recognize and value her students’ capabilities and to support them as agentive designers of texts. To examine these possibilities for repositioning students and approaching writing instruction from a critical, humanizing perspective, I describe this teacher’s shift from beginning with genre to beginning with purpose and audience and draw attention to the teacher’s and students’ use of these tools for guiding their decision making across multiple writing situations in a school year. Implications from this study add to understandings of critical, humanizing pedagogies by specifically considering how these approaches might be translated into writing instruction across pre‐K–12.
Effects of Artificial Lighting at Night on Predator Density and Salmonid Predation
Authors: Nelson Thomas Reid , Michel Cyril J. , Gary Meagan P. , Lehman Brendan M. , Demetras Nicholas J. , Hammen Jeremy J. , Horn Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPredation of juvenile salmonids within California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) has been identified as a contributing factor to low survival during out‐migration through the system. Artificial lighting at night (ALAN) may contribute to increased levels of salmonid predation by attracting predators and prey, increasing predator reaction distance, and boosting foraging success. To assess ALAN effects on predator (piscivorous fishes) density and the relative predation risk of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha smolts in the Delta, we preformed field‐based experiments with introduced ALAN. We used adaptive resolution imaging sonar cameras to generate predator density estimates in light and dark treatments throughout nightly experiments at 30‐min intervals. We simultaneously deployed predation event recorders to estimate the impact of ALAN intensity (lux) on relative predation risk of Chinook Salmon smolts. Early in the night (1–3 h past sunset), predator density and relative predation risk of smolts were unrelated to ALAN. However, late in the night (3–5 h past sunset), ALAN presence increased predator density, and the relative predation risk of juvenile salmonids increased with increasing lux. Predation risk was also positively related to predator density, and increased late‐night predator density under ALAN, coupled with late‐night foraging benefits of ALAN, likely contributed to the lux–risk relationship. The exact mechanism behind this discrepancy between early‐ and late‐night trends is unknown and could be a result of our experimental design or the predator community sampled here. However, if these temporal trends prove robust to future investigations, late‐night lighting reduction campaigns during out‐migration could maximize the human benefits of ALAN while minimizing the negative impacts on salmonids. Overall, our findings align with others and suggest that ALAN increases juvenile salmonid predation. Although many questions remain unanswered, it appears that reducing artificial illumination is a practical management strategy to reduce predation.
Preparing teachers to work with English learners: A multimodal vocabulary mini‐lesson project
Authors: Zhang Ying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn K–12 classrooms, multimodal teaching, such as using visuals and technology, has been commonly embedded at different levels with different student groups. However, it has not been well discussed in English as a second language teacher training. As a response to the call for more research to study how teachers apply multimodal activities in working with English learners (ELs), this article reports a teacher educator’s effort to implement a multimodal vocabulary mini‐lesson project in one teacher education course that aims to train general education preservice teachers to work with ELs. The author describes the project and uses preservice teachers’ presentations, lesson plans, and project reflections as data to answer two questions: What are preservice teachers’ perceptions of designing multimodal teaching materials for all students, including ELs? How does the multimodal mini‐lesson design help preservice teacher candidates understand the key elements of educating ELs? Data indicate that teacher candidates showed positive attitudes toward designing multimodal lessons and materials, and the mini‐lesson appears to have deepened teacher candidates’ concepts of teaching ELs. A discussion of problems on multimodal design and potential solutions is also included.
A retrospective survey of the seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in wild animals in Japan
Authors: Okada Ayaka , Hotta Akitoyo , Kimura Masanobu , Park Eun‐sil , Morikawa Shigeru , Inoshima Yasuo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has a high fatality rate and is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). Currently, SFTS is endemic to some areas in western Japan, and wild animals are considered to play important roles in the circulation of SFTSV in the environment. Previous retrospective surveys using samples mainly obtained between 2006 and 2015 revealed serological evidence of SFTSV infection in wild animals; however, seroprevalence before 2006 remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the presence of anti‐SFTSV antibodies in a total of 521 serum samples from nine wild animal species collected from 11 prefectures in central and eastern Japan between 1980 and 2000. All samples yielded negative results for antibodies to SFTSV, suggesting that there had been few or no SFTSV infections before 2000 in the sampled areas.
Numerical simulation of microcystin distribution in Liangxi River, downstream of Taihu Lake
Authors: He Xinchen , Wang Hua , Yan Huaiyu , Ao Yanhui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrocystins (MCs), the algal toxins produced by cyanobacteria, raised a worldwide concern in recent decades. Limited monitoring stations for MCs make it hard to map the MC spatial distribution in certain areas. To tackle such problems, we selected Liangxi River as our research area and developed an integrated model to get spatial continuous MC data without too many sampling sites, which integrates a hydro‐environment model and an artificial neural network algorithm (ANN). The ANN algorithm can estimate concentration MCs via environmental factors. In this paper, we selected chl‐a, TN, TP,
,
, NH3‐N, and
as stressors. The ANN model we established showed good performances both in train (R2 = 0.8407) and test set (R2 = 0.7543). In the hydro‐environment model, by inputting river geometry and model boundary data, the spatial continuous water quality data could be simulated. The water quality data returned from the hydro‐environmental model were used as input variables of the well‐trained ANN model; the continuous MC data were derived. To evaluate this model on geo‐mapping the MC distribution in Liangxi River, we compared the performance of this model and spatial interpolation on the test set, it turns out the integrated model showed a better performance. © 2020 Water Environment FederationPractitioner points

The cost of microcystin (MC) detection is too high for routine monitoring.
We integrated regression method and hydro‐environment model to predict MCs.
Results derived from spatial interpolation are not robust in unmonitored area.
The new integration model can minimize the drawback of spatial interpolation.
Recontextualising partisan outrage online: analysing the public negotiation of Trump support among American conservatives in 2016
Authors: Kelly Anthony 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article conceptualises the role of audience agency in the performance of American conservative identities within a hybridised outrage media ecology. Audience agency has been under-theorised in the study of outrage media through an emphasis on outrage as a rhetorical strategy of commercial media institutions. Relatively little has been said about the outrage discourse of audiences. This coincides with a tendency to consider online political talk as transparent and "earnest," thereby failing to recognise the multi-vocality, dynamism, and ambivalence—i.e., performativity—of online user-generated discourse. I argue the concept of recontextualisation offers a means of addressing these shortcomings. I demonstrate this by analysing how the users of the American right-wing partisan media website TheBlaze.com publicly negotiated support for Donald Trump in a below-the-line comment field during the 2016 US presidential election. These processes are situated with respect to the contested, dynamic, and creative construction of partisan identities in the contemporary United States.