bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early laser surgery is not associated with very preterm delivery or reduced neonatal survival in TTTS
Authors: Espinoza J. , Belfort M. A. , Shamshirsaz A. A. , Nassr A. A. , Sanz Cortes M. , Donepudi R. , Espinoza A. F. , Ostovar‐Kermani T. G. , Johnson R. , Harman C. , Turan O. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the association of laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses (LPA) prior to 18 weeks' gestation (early LPA) with very preterm delivery and neonatal survival in pregnancies with twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies with TTTS undergoing LPA between 2002 and 2018 at two institutions. The rates of delivery < 28, < 30 and < 32 weeks' gestation, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and 30‐day survival of one or both infants were compared between pregnancies undergoing early LPA and those undergoing LPA ≥ 18 weeks' gestation. Regression analysis was performed to determine the association of early LPA with very preterm delivery and 30‐day survival, adjusted for Quintero stage, study phase, selective fetal growth restriction, gestational age at delivery, maternal age ≥ 35 years, body mass index > 35 kg/m2, placental location, use of Seldinger method to place the operative trocar, size of the trocar, participating center, use of Solomon technique, cerclage and PPROM. Survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model was applied to examine the LPA‐to‐delivery interval according to the timing of surgery, adjusted for confounding variables.ResultsA total of 414 TTTS pregnancies were included in the study, of which 68 (16.4%) underwent early LPA. In the total cohort, the incidence of delivery at < 28, < 30 and < 32 weeks' gestation was 22.7%, 39.6% and 53.4%, respectively. Survival of both twins and survival of at least one twin at 30 days were 67.5% and 90.8%, respectively. No significant difference was noted between pregnancies that underwent early LPA and those that had LPA ≥ 18 weeks in the rate of delivery < 28 weeks (19.1% vs 23.4%; P = 0.4), < 30 weeks (38.2% vs 39.9%; P = 0.8) and < 32 weeks (44.1% vs 55.2%; P = 0.1) and PPROM (29.0% vs 24.1%; P = 0.4), or in the incidence of double‐twin survival (63.9% vs 68.1%; P = 0.5) and survival of at least one infant (91.8% vs 90.6%; P = 0.7) at 30 days. Early LPA was not associated with very preterm delivery or neonatal survival in the regression analyses. Early LPA was associated with a longer LPA‐to‐delivery interval compared with LPA performed ≥ 18 weeks (median, 106.9 days (range, 2–164 days) vs median, 69.3 days (range, 0–146 days); P < 0.001) when adjusted for confounding variables (hazard ratio, 2.56 (95% CI, 1.76–3.73); P < 0.001).ConclusionLaser surgery before 18 weeks is not associated with an increased rate of very preterm delivery and PPROM or with reduced neonatal survival when compared with LPA after 18 weeks. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Performance of higher poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s as viscosity modifiers in vegetable oils
Authors: Manju P. , Santhana Gopala Krishnan P. , Nayak S. K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, bio‐derived materials such as vegetable oils are significantly employed in lubricating oil formulations due to its high flash point, high lubricity, low evaporation loss, renewability, biodegradability, and eco‐friendliness when compared to mineral oil. We investigated the performance of seven poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s as viscosity modifiers in two vegetable oils, namely, coconut oil and sunflower oil, which differ in the percentage of polar compounds and degree of unsaturation. Poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s having alkyl as hexyl to dodecyl group in different concentrations between 1 and 2 wt% were added to coconut and sunflower oil and parameters such as thickening power or Q factor, kinematic viscosity (μ), and viscosity index (VI) were calculated. The μ values at 40°C and 100°C of vegetable oils studied were lower than commercially available SAE20W40 engine oil, but the VI of coconut and sunflower oil was higher by about 22%. Value of Q factor higher than 1, indicated that these poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s were VI improvers. VI increased with increase in the polymer concentration in both the vegetable oils. The length of the alkyl side chain of these polymers and the polarity of vegetable oil had predominant effect in determining the values of VI of vegetable oils. By using these polymer additives, VI was improved by 85.5% in coconut oil and by 61.7% in sunflower oil. Varying the concentration and alkyl group of these additives, one can largely modify the viscosity ranges enabling them to be used in different lubricating applications.
Effect of a floating elastic membrane for stabilizing the film flow down a porous inclined plane
Authors: Sani Muhammad , Ghosh Sukhendu , Behera Harekrushna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of a floating elastic membrane on a gravity‐driven flow down an inclined porous plane is examined. The present work extends the earlier work of Anjalaiah et al. [Phys. Fluid, Vol. 25, 022101 (2013)] by including the thin membrane and excluding the insoluble surfactant at the top surface of the flow. The membrane tension emergence from the elasticity, is used to monitoring the surface tension on the top surface of the fluid layer. The fluid flow below the elastic membrane is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations and flow through the porous medium is governed by the Darcy–Brickmann equations. Using the normal mode analysis, two Orr–Sommerfeld systems are derived for each layers and solved by using the spectral collocation method to capture the linear instability. Further, the temporal growth rate and marginal stability curve are analyzed for different set of structural parameters. In general, the instability of free surface flow is more due to the presence of the unstable Yih mode. Both, the membrane tension and the uniform mass distribution rate along the length of the membrane assure to stabilize the surface waves by lowering the temporal growth rate of the disturbances. Consequently, the floating elastic membrane and the porosity of the inclined substrate pretend to suppress the unstable Yih mode and stabilize the flow anatomy. Hence, the floating elastic membrane can be disposed for the lethargic control of the free‐surface flows' instability.
Security and Safety Culture—Dual or Distinct Phenomena?
Authors: Jore Sissel H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The commission that investigated the terrorist attacks against the Algerian oil facility In Amenas concluded that the Norwegian petroleum company Statoil should establish a security culture distinct from its safety culture. Both are elements of organizational culture, so how should organizations relate to this new concept of security culture? This chapter explores the adequacy of the concept of security culture and explores whether these phenomena should be considered as a duality or separately. The adequacy of security culture is discussed in terms of how the concept is used in the In Amenas investigation report. Despite the lack of demarcation and operationalization of the security culture concept, we conclude, there is a need to further develop security culture as a theoretical and practical element. Security and safety culture should be understood separately, but in practical reality should not be treated as distinct.
User Safety and Security Experience: Innovation Through Design-Inspired Methods in Airports
Authors: Bongiovanni Ivano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn inextricable organizational dilemma characterizes risk management: when effective, risk management utilizes organizational resources to avoid superior damage. When not effective, it adds costs to unmanaged risks. This clashes with growing pressures on delivery of tangible value for end-users. Safety and security management aim at mitigating risks of safety or security nature. This chapter establishes a design-based framework to re-imagine the future of safety and security in an airport security environment. The chapter proposes a method for tangible, positive end-user value delivery. Our focus is on airport security where external users live a safety and security experience.
Divergence of Safety and Security
Authors: Brooks David J. , Coole Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Safety and security have similar goals, to provide social wellness through risk control. Such similarity has led to views of professional convergence; however, the professions of safety and security are distinct. Distinction arises from variances in concept definition, risk drivers, body of knowledge, and professional practice. This chapter explored the professional synergies and tensions between safety and security professionals, using task-related bodies of knowledge. Findings suggest that safety and security only have commonalities at the overarching abstract level. Common knowledge does exist with categories of risk management and control; however, differences are explicit. In safety, risk management focuses on hazards management, whereas security focuses on threat mitigation. Safety theories consider health impacts and accidents, whereas security crime and crime prevention. Therefore, safety and security are diverging as distinct professions.
Surface defects from fractional branes. Part II
Authors: Ashok S.K. , Billò M. , Frau M. , Lerda A. , Mahato S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A generic half-BPS surface defect of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric U(N ) Yang- Mills theory is described by a partition of N = n1 + . . . + nM and a set of 4M continuous parameters. We show that such a defect can be realized by nI stacks of fractional D3-branes in Type II B string theory on a ℤM orbifold background in which the brane world-volume is partially extended along the orbifold directions. In this set up we show that the 4M continuous parameters correspond to constant background values of certain twisted closed string scalars of the orbifold. These results extend and generalize what we have presented for the simple defects in a previous paper.
Operations of power in autonomous weapon systems: ethical conditions and socio-political prospects
Authors: Hynek Nik , Solovyeva Anzhelika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide a multi-perspective examination of one of the most important contemporary security issues: weaponized, and especially lethal, artificial intelligence. This technology is increasingly associated with the approaching dramatic change in the nature of warfare. What becomes particularly important and evermore intensely contested is how it becomes embedded with and concurrently impacts two social structures: ethics and law. While there has not been a global regime banning this technology, regulatory attempts at establishing a ban have intensified along with acts of resistance and blocking coalitions. This article aims to reflect on the prospects and limitations, as well as the ethical and legal intensity, of the emerging regulatory framework. To allow for such an investigation, a power-analytical approach to studying international security regimes is utilized.
Thyroglobulin doubling time offers a better threshold than thyroglobulin level for selecting optimal candidates to undergo localizing [18F]FDG PET/CT in non-iodine avid differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Albano Domenico , Tulchinsky Mark , Dondi Francesco , Mazzoletti Angelica , Lombardi Davide , Bertagna Francesco , Giubbini Raffaele 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the potential role of serum thyroglobulin doubling time (TgDT) in predicting 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT results in patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) who demonstrated a combination of positive Tg but a negative [131I] whole-body scan ([131I]-WBS).

Materials and methods
Inclusion criteria were (1) prior [131I] treatment for DTC, (2) negative subsequent [131I]-WBS, (3) no interfering anti-Tg antibodies, (4) three consecutive Tg measurements under the thyroid hormone replacement therapy to calculate TgDT before 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT, and (5) at least 6 months of clinical and/or imaging follow-up to ascertain the diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to identify the optimal cutoff point for the last stimulated Tg and TgDT prior to [18F]FDG PET/CT.

Results
One hundred and thirteen patients were included. Seventy-four (65%) patients had positive [18F]FDG PET/CT for DTC recurrence, while the remaining 39 (35%) negative. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of [18F]FDG PET/CT were 92%, 94%, 97%, 87%, and 93%. Patients with positive [18F]FDG PET/CT had higher Tg and TgDT than those with negative PET/CT. ROC curve analysis revealed an optimal Tg cutoff of 19 ng/mL (sensitivity 78%, specificity 85%, AUC = 0.844) and TgDT of 2.5 years (sensitivity 93%, specificity 87%, AUC = 0.911). TgDT threshold of 2.5 years predicted significantly (p = 0.023) better than Tg level PET/CT results.

Conclusions
The diagnostic performance of [18F]FDG PET/CT could be significantly improved when TgDT is less than or equal to 2.5 years, as compared with using the absolute Tg level.
Negligible transcriptome and metabolome alterations in RNAi insecticidal maize against Monolepta hieroglyphica
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Zhang Ruiying , Li Liang , Yang Yang , Ding Yijia , Guan Haitao , Wang Xiaoqin , Zhang Aihong , Wen Hongtao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Key message
RNAi-based genetically modified maize resistant to Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) was demonstrated with negligible transcriptome and metabolome alterations compared to its unmodified equivalent.

Abstract
As one of the most prevalent insect pests afflicting various crops, Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) causes severe loss of agricultural and economic productivity for many years in China. In an effort to reduce damages, in this study, an RNA interference (RNAi)-based genetically modified (GM) maize was developed. It was engineered to produce MhSnf7 double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which can suppress the Snf7 gene expression and then lead M. hieroglyphica to death. Field trail analysis confirmed the robustly insecticidal ability of the MhSnf7 GM maize to resist damages by M. hieroglyphica. RNA sequencing analysis identified that only one gene was differentially expressed in the MhSnf7 GM maize compared to non-GM maize, indicating that the transcriptome in MhSnf7 GM maize is principally unaffected by the introduction of the MhSnf7 dsRNA expression vector. Likewise, metabolomics analysis identified that only 8 out of 5787 metabolites were significantly changed. Hence, the integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics demonstrates that there are negligible differences between MhSnf7 GM maize and its unmodified equivalent. This study not only presents a comprehensive assessment of cellular alteration in terms of gene transcription and metabolite abundance in RNAi-based GM maize, but also could be used as a reference for evaluating the unintended effect of GM crops.
Effects of a novel variant of the yeast γ-glutamyl kinase Pro1 on its enzymatic activity and sake brewing
Authors: Murakami Naoyuki , Kotaka Atsushi , Isogai Shota , Ashida Keiko , Nishimura Akira , Matsumura Kengo , Hata Yoji , Ishida Hiroki , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSake is a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage brewed with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sake taste is affected by sugars, organic acids, and amino acids. We previously isolated mutants resistant to the proline analogue azetidine-2-carboxylate derived from a diploid sake yeast strain. Some of the mutants produced a greater amount of proline in the brewed sake. One of them (strain K-9-AZC) carried a novel mutation in the PRO1 gene encoding the Gln79His variant of the γ-glutamyl kinase Pro1, a key enzyme in proline biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae. This mutation resulted in extreme desensitization to feedback inhibition by proline, leading to proline overproduction. Interestingly, sake brewed with K-9-AZC contained 3.7-fold more proline, but only 25% less succinate than sake brewed with the parent strain. Metabolome analysis suggests that the decrease in succinate was attributable to a lower level of 2-oxoglutarate, which is converted into glutamate. The approach here could be a practical method for breeding of yeast strains involved in the diversity of sake taste.
Dynamic character graph via online face clustering for movie analysis
Authors: Kulshreshtha Prakhar , Guha Tanaya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn effective approach to automated movie content analysis involves building a network (graph) of its characters. Existing work usually builds a static character graph to summarize the content using metadata, scripts or manual annotations. We propose an unsupervised approach to building a dynamic character graph that captures the temporal evolution of character interaction. We refer to this as the character interaction graph (CIG). Our approach has two components: (i) an online face clustering algorithm that discovers the characters in the video stream as they appear, and (ii) simultaneous creation of a CIG using the temporal dynamics of the resulting clusters. We demonstrate the usefulness of the CIG for two movie analysis tasks: narrative structure (acts) segmentation and major character retrieval. Our evaluation on full-length movies containing more than 5000 face tracks shows that the proposed approach achieves superior performance for both the tasks.
Does the Choice of Metric Matter for Identifying Areas for Policy Priority? An Empirical Assessment Using Child Undernutrition in India
Authors: Rajpal Sunil , Kim Rockli , Liou Lathan , Joe William , Subramanian S. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRatio-based prevalence and absolute headcounts are the two most commonly accepted metrics to measure the burden of various socioeconomic phenomenon. However, ratio-based prevalence, calculated as the number of cases with certain conditions relative to the total population, is by far the most widely used to rank burden and consequently for targeting, across different populations, often defined in terms of geographical areas. In this regard, targeting areas exclusively based on prevalence-based metric poses certain fundamental difficulties with some serious policy implications. Drawing the data from the National Family Health Survey 2015–2016, and Census 2011, this paper takes four indicators of child undernutrition in India as an example to examine two contextual questions: first, does the choice of metric matter for targeting areas for reducing child undernutrition in India? and second; which metric should be used to facilitate comparisons and targeting across variable populations? Our findings suggest a moderate correlation between prevalence estimates and absolute headcounts implying that choice of metric does matter when targeting child undernutrition. Huge variations were observed between prevalence-based and absolute count-based ranking of the districts. In fact, in various cases, districts with the highest absolute number of undernourished children were ranked as relatively lower-burden districts based on prevalence. A simple comparison between the two approaches—when applied to targeting undernourished children in India—indicates that prevalence-based prioritization may miss high-burden areas where substantially higher number of undernourished children are concentrated. For developing populous countries like India, which is already grappling with high levels of maternal and child malnutrition and poor health infrastructure along with intrinsic socioeconomic inequalities, it is critical to adopt an appropriate metric for effective targeting and prioritization.
Soziale Arbeit in Betrieben
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Long , Bohlinger Sandra 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungBetriebliche Sozialarbeit ist ein in der Forschung und Praxis wenig wahrgenommenes berufliches Tätigkeitsfeld der Sozialen Arbeit. Folglich gibt es kaum Forschungsbefunde, die sich mit dem Personal in diesem Feld beschäftigen. Der Beitrag präsentiert zentrale Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie in der betrieblichen Sozialarbeit. Dazu wurden Stellenausschreibungen analysiert und betriebliche Sozialberater/innen interviewt. Der Beitrag zeigt, welche Qualifikationen benötigt und welche Aufgaben wahrgenommen werden.
Emerging Digital Generations? Impacts of Child Digital Use on Mental and Socioemotional Well-Being across Two Cohorts in Ireland, 2007–2018
Authors: Bohnert Melissa , Gracia Pablo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the growing body of literature on how digital technologies impact child well-being, previous research has provided little evidence on recent digital trends. This paper examines the patterns and effects of digital use on child socioemotional well-being across two cohorts of children grown up ten years apart during the ‘digital age’: the 1998 cohort (interviewed in 2007/08) and the 2008 cohort (interviewed in 2017/18). Multivariate linear regression models were conducted for these two cohorts from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study, a multi-cohort longitudinal study with rich comparable data on a large sample of 9-year olds (N = 13,203). Results show that (i) in 2017/18 children were more active in digital devices and social media, while in 2007/2008 children spent more time watching TV and adopted less diversified forms of media engagement; (ii) spending more than 3 daily hours on TV/digital activities was associated with significant declines in child socioemotional well-being, while such effects were stronger in 2017/18 than in 2007/08; (iii) media engagement (but not other forms of digital engagement) was associated with moderate declines in socioemotional well-being, both in 2007/08 and in 2017/18; (iv) while children’s media and digital engagement differed by the child gender and socioeconomic background, none of these variables moderated the effects of digital use on children’s socioemotional well-being, neither in 2007/08 nor in 2017/18. Overall, the study reveals persistence, but also some important changes, in recent trends on children’s digital use and its impact on socioemotional well-being in Ireland.