bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GjirokastraFolklore Festival as the Main Ritual Event in Albanian Cultural Life at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, Novik Alexander 
Published: December 2020

The paper presents an overview and analysis of the Gjirokastra National Folklore Festival (NFFoGj), one of the most important events in the cultural life of Albania. Global transformations that have affected all aspects of life have inevitably brought changes to traditional culture, traditional values and relations with the outside world, including across the Balkans. The majority of program issues were inspired by a common European practice of holding mass folklore events and measures aimed at nurturing and preserving cultural heritage. It is deeply connected to the process of revitalisation of old ritual practices and folk costume and to the socialisation of people who have professional and semi-professional associations with ethnic culture. Having analysed the materials collected in the run-up to the festival and during the event as well as during field studies in the Western Balkans in 1992–2019, I can acknowledge revitalisation of many, if not all, elements of folk culture. In this case revitalisation does not mean following the tradition literally, but rather an attempt to preserve it while adopting a modern perspective and advances in technology. The essential part of this process is the attempt to breathe new life into the components of traditional culture, and adapt them to the here and now. The NFFoGj has also become a major attempt to museificate the cultural heritage of the Albanians. Contests that have been held regularly over the past 70 years to reveal the best examples of folk art and support independent artists have encouraged interest in the roots of national culture and helped many generations not to forget what their predecessors valued. Thus, folk dance, music, songs and costume were reproduced – at times artificially – in various regions of the country to showcase the achievements of a locality (village, district, town, region) at the national festival as the main ritual cultural event.
Comparative Advantages of Conservation Agriculture Practice in Coastal Areas of Chattogram Division: A Productivity and Profitability Analysis
Authors: Majumder Kausar Ahmed , Ahmed Jasim Uddin , Fatema Kanij 
Published: December 2020

The study was conducted to assess comparative advantages of the productivity and profitability for conservation agriculture practice in Chattogram. A total of 120 farmers (60 farmers adopting conservation agriculture (CA) and 60 farmers non-adopting CA) from two districts (Feni and Noakhali) of Chattogram division were selected. Descriptive statistics like sum, averages, percentages, and ratios were calculated to evaluate the nature and extent of use of advanced machinery and fertilizer data. Farmers were categorized on the basis of farm size (small, medium and large) and selected by multistage stratified sampling. Crop productivity was measured using the Enyedi’s crop productivity index. The profitability of crop production was measured in terms of gross return, gross margin, net margin and benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The crop productivity of rice, mustard and soybean were increased by 0.18, 26, and 0.19 percent, respectively in respect to non-practicing conservation agriculture. BCR increased by 42.43%, 40.78% and 36.61% for rice, mustard and soybean cultivation respectively with respect to the entire region for adopting conservation agriculture practice. Ultimately, the farmers who adopted conservation agriculture were gaining more profit than the farmer whose were not adopting the conservation agriculture practice. As Bangladesh is a labour intensive country and the availability of capital is short. The expense of purchasing the machines cannot be afforded by the farmers. In Feni and Noakhali are located in the coastal region. Climatic problem is another problem of the people of this area. The uses of advanced machineries are still limited. The quality of soil is decreasing day by day because of excessive use of synthetic fertilizers.
Effect of Age of Seedling and Level of Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Transplant Aman Rice CV. Binadhan-15
Authors: Sultana Nargis , Hossain Md. Delwar , Salam Md. Abdus , Rasul Shishir 
Published: December 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July 2016 to December 2016 to find out the effect of seedlings age and different nitrogen (N) levels on the yield performance of transplant Aman rice (cv. Binadhan-15). The experiment comprised four ages of seedlings viz., 15 , 20 , 25, 30 day old and four levels of nitrogen viz., 0 ,55 , 75 and 95 kg N ha–1 following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The effect of age of seedling, nitrogen levels and their interactions were significant on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of transplant Aman rice. The highest plant height at harvest (92.67 cm), number of effective tillers plant–1 (8.70), grain (4.55 t ha–1) and straw yields (5.49 t ha–1) were obtained from 75 kg N ha–1. By using optimum seedling age at 15 DAT the highest plant height (102.7cm at harvest), number of effective tillers plant–1 (8.29), grain (4.01 t ha–1) and straw (5.06 t ha–1) yields. In interaction, 75 kg N and 15 days old seedling produced highest plant height (106.3 cm at harvest), number of effective tillers plant–1 (9.42), grain (5.0 t ha–1) and straw yields (6.10 t ha–1). From the above results of the present study, it may be stated that Binadhan-15 is grown successfully for obtaining maximum yield with 75 kg N ha-1 and 15-day old seedling age individually or in combination.
Effect of Processing and Fermentation on Functional Properties and on Anti-nutritional Factors in Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum)
Authors: Sarvani B. H. , Suvarna V. C. , Kumar K. Harish , Ranadev P. , Girisha H. C. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The study was conducted to understand the Effect of processing and fermentation on functional properties and on anti-nutritional factors in Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum).
Place and Duration of Work: The study was carried out in Department of Agricultural Microbiology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore during 2019-20.
Methodology: Horse gram seeds were procured from National seed project, thoroughly cleaned and were subjected to different processing methods (soaking, roasting, cooking and germination) and ground into flour. Then, the processed flours were analyzed for altered functional properties like bulk density, water and oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and stability etc. The raw seeds were directly milled into flour without any processing and used as control. Further, all processed flours were subjected to fermentation and compared with non fermented flours for reduction of antinutritional factors (tannins and phytates).
Results: The functional properties of unprocessed (raw) horse gram flour was recorded with values of 0.95 g / g (Bulk density), 1.87 g / mL(water absorption capacity),1.45 g / mL(oil absorption capacity), 7.56% (foaming capacity) and 70.78% for foaming stability. Whereas, the processing significantly altered the functional properties. When it comes to antinutritional factors, unprocessed flour recorded with 7.9 mg / g of tannins and 0.96 mg / g of phytates. The processing in combination with fermentation facilitate further reduction of antinutrients compared to processing alone (without fermentation). Among them, fermented germinated flour and fermented cooked flour proven their efficiency in reduction of tannins (61.3 and 62.5%) and phytates (54.1 and 46.8%) compared to other processed flours.
Conclusion: Based on results, it is evidenced that processing altered functional properties of horse gram effectively. However, processing combined with fermentation yielded higher reduction in antinutritional factors compared to processing alone. Further, germinated flour and cooked flour on fermentation were found to yield significantly higher reduction in antinutritional factors thereby enhancing its utilization in functional foods as main / partial ingredient.
Effect of Calcium Carbide Treatment on Ripening Time and Physicochemical Properties of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Variety “Kent”, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Cissé Mohamed , Silue Yardjouma , Cissé Moctar , Kouadio Akoua Dorine Sabrina , Nindjin Charlemagne 
Published: December 2020

Aims: this study aims to find out appropriate method of application and the optimum dose of calcium carbide required to initiate ripening of mango var. “Kent”.
Study Design: The experimental set-up was of a completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was performed in the Department of Genetic and Biochemistry, at the Laboratory of Food Biochemistry of University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire, May 1, 2020.
Methodology: Seventy uniform, mature green and healthy mangoes were bought from a local company and divided into five groups. The groups were divided into different calcium carbide levels as follows: 0 (control), 1 g/kg and 3 g/kg, CaC2 per fruit; 1 g/L and 3 g/L, CaC2 in distilled water to induce ripening at room temperature. The physicochemical analysis was carried out on both the unripe and ripened fruits.
Results: The results obtained revealed that calcium carbide reduce significantly fruit ripening time from 6 days (naturally ripened fruit) to 3 days (3 g/kg) and 4 days (1 g/kg). The present study showed also that calcium carbide by spraying is not effective on mango ripening time. The physicochemical analysis indicated that CaC2 may induce negative changes on some quality parameters like firmness, pH, acidity, total soluble solids (3 g/kg, CaC2 per fruit) and vitamin C. However, the fruits subjected to 1 and 3 g/kg, exhibited an increase of skin brightness and yellowness whereas 1 g/kg increase slightly in TSS when compared to the control. Moreover, the study established that the ripening time and changes in quality parameters are dose and method dependent.
Conclusion: The present investigation showed that the artificial ripening using calcium carbide could not keep quality physicochemical characteristics intact.
The Role of Colostomy in Management of Fournier’s Gangrene
Authors: Brahmi Yasser El , Fahssi Mohammed El , Elhjouji Abderrahman , Ehirchiou Abdelkader , Ali Abdelmounaim Ait , Zentar Aziz 
Published: December 2020

Study Objective: The colostomy is not used systematically for the treatment of Fournier’s gangrene. Through our study, we compared two groups of patients who had faecal diversion and those how did not .we tried to get the advantages of this method and his impact on wound healing and duration of hospitalization
Patients and Methods: This is a 14-years retrospective study from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2018. We collected 86 cases of Fournier's gangrenes, of which 30 patients benefited from a derivative colostomy, done by the same surgical team. We divided the two groups by aetiology and morbidly-mortality.
Results: In the group with colostomy, prevalent disease was perianal suppurations with the presence of risk factors in75% of cases such as diabetes, immunosuppressive therapy or patients age over 70 years old .While these factors are found only in 52% of the other group. The average days of hospital stay in the group with colostomy was 25 days and 32 in the other group, 67% of patients had a colostomy with hyperbaric oxygen therapy against 70% in the other group. Mortality was 30% in first group with colostomy, an 12.5% in the second one, the overall mortality was19% globally in the two groups.
Conclusions: In our series only 35% benefited from a colostomy: Patient with major deterioration and the presence of others diseases. But overall mortality in our series is comparable to that of teams practicing colostomy systematically.
Acceptability and Perceptions of Generic Drugs among Patients, Pharmacists, and Physicians
Authors: Patel Krupali , Yasobant Sandul , Charan Jaykaran , Chaudhari Mayur , Gaidhane Abhay , Saxena Deepak 
Published: December 2020

Background: Generic drugs are the painstaking solution to deal with out of pocket expenditure however, the impact has not yet been seen in India. Thus, to understand the facilitators and barriers, this study aimed to gather evidence on the perception of the acceptability of generic drugs among patients, pharmacists, and physicians.
Methods: The key informant interviews (KII) were conducted during 2017-2018 in Gujarat, India. A total of 25 (9 patients, 8 pharmacists, 8 physicians) KIIs were included in the thematic analysis.
Results: Most of the patients knew about cheaper drugs are available in the market, but they perceived that those meant for poor people. Pharmacists talked about the profit from branded drugs are higher than generics. Pharmacist and doctors expressed concern for the efficacy of generic drugs, as it requires more visits to hospitals. Patients usually report more side effects if using generic drugs, apart from that poor packaging and lack of trust on generic also remained an issue in terms of satisfaction. Pharmacist and patients are both expressed their reliance on doctors suggestion and prescription; however, doctors are really not in favour to prescribe generics. The ethical dilemma remained with the pharmacists in not suggesting generics as an alternative to the branded drugs.
Conclusion: The study concludes that cost is the main perception of patients, pharmacists, and physicians, however; the decision power lies with the pharmacist and doctors, which is mainly not in favour to use or promote the generic drugs even if the cost is low because of efficacy and satisfaction issues.
The Importance of Isolated and Purified Bacillus species as a Source of a Variety of Antimicrobial Substances
Authors: Alamoudi Soha 
Published: December 2020

The rapid onset of resistance reduces the efficacy of most conventional antimicrobial drugs and is a general cause of concern for human well-being. Thus, there is a great demand for a continuous supply of novel antibiotics to combat this problem. Bacteria-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have long been used as food preservatives. Thus, antimicrobial agents are predominantly significant in limiting infectious diseases. Meanwhile, the development and dissemination of drug-resistant strains in pathogenic bacteria have begun to be a significant general health threat. Therefore, the lowest effectiveness of the present antibiotics in the direction of the administration was becoming prominent to the consequence of the discussion of new antibiotics. These considerations, Bacillus sp completely famous for making different metabolites of the possibility their utilization, thus, it is completed a search to isolate Bacillus sp for the action making of anti-microorganisms compounds. The Biosynthesis of Bacillus AMPs, extract, purifies, and identifies a bioactive compound by Bacillus sp.
Furthermore, Bacillus-derived AMPs can be synthesized both ribosomal and non-ribosomal and can be classified according to peptide biosynthesis, structure, and molecular weight. The precise mechanism of action of these AMPs is not yet clear; however, the one proposed mechanism is that these AMPs kill bacteria by forming channels in and (or) disrupting the bacterial cell wall. Bacillus-derived AMPs have potential in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the food and agricultural sectors. Here, we focus on Bacillus-derived AMPs as a novel alternative approach to antibacterial drug development.
Comparision of Postoperative Complications Associated with Closed Lateral Sphincterotomy and Fissurectomy with Dorsal Sphincterotomy in Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Bhatti Zulfiqar , Sohu Khush Muhammad , Bhellar Zahoor Hussain , Bozdar Ali Gohar , Naqvi Syed Sohail Abbas , Shar Zulfqar Ali 
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic anal fissure is clinical entity associated with significant pain and discomfort with bleeding. Different surgical options are being used nowadays to treat the ailment. Closed lateral sphincterotomy is being considered as gold standard treatment however, dorsal sphincterotomy with removal of chronic fissure is also used as treatment.
Objectives: To compare effectiveness and patient satisfactions after both surgical procedures. To identify the common complications associated both surgical procedures.
Methodology: The cross sectional conducted at Ghulam Muhammad Maher Medical College Sukkur from January 2016 to December 2019. Total 300 male patients with history of Chronic Anal Fissure for more than 6 months were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups Group-A (150 patients) underwent lateral sphinterotomy whereas in Group-B (150 Patients) dorsal sphincterotomy with fissurectomy was performed. Randomization for grouping was performed by single blind sealed envelope technique. Patients with additional anorectal disease, haemorrhoids, HIV, HBV, HCV, and female patients were excluded from study. After performing surgery in both the groups follow-up was performed for 2 years and data was analyzed.
Results: Mean age was 30.5 4±12.3 years, most common site of fissure among our study population was 6 O’ Clock (p-value=0.003), pain was seemed to be significant post-operative completion in both the groups however, both the treatment strategies appeared to be equally effective though patients in group B were more satisfied than group A.
Conclusion: Both methods of surgeries seemed to be equally effective in treating the ailment. Recurrence after both surgeries was uncommon though pain was common postoperative complication.
Construction of a Novel In Vitro Atherosclerotic Model from Geometry‐Tunable Artery Equivalents Engineered via In‐Bath Coaxial Cell Printing
Authors: Gao Ge , Park Wonbin , Kim Byoung Soo , Ahn Minjun , Chae Suhun , Cho Won‐Woo , Kim Jisoo , Lee Jae Yeon , Jang Jinah , Cho Dong‐Woo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the main precursor of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disorder that preferentially occurs in stenotic, curved, and branched arterial regions. Although various in vitro models are established to understand its pathology, reconstructing the native atherosclerotic environment that involves both co‐cultured cells and local turbulent flow singling remains challenging. This study develops an arterial construct via in‐bath coaxial cell printing that not only facilitates the direct fabrication of three‐layered conduits with tunable geometry and dimensions but also maintains structural stability. Functional vascular tissues, which respond to various stimulations that induce endothelial dysfunction, are rapidly generated in the constructed models. The presence of multiple vascular tissues under stenotic and tortuous turbulent flows allows the recapitulation of hallmark events in early atherosclerosis under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the fabricated models are utilized to investigate the individual and synergistic functions of cell co‐culture and local turbulent flows in regulating atherosclerotic initiation, as well as the dose‐dependent therapeutic effect of atorvastatin. These outcomes suggest that the constructed atherosclerotic model via a novel fabrication strategy is a promising platform to elucidate the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and seek effective drugs and therapies.
Aggregation‐Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photoacoustics of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters in Lipid Nanodiscs (NANO2)
Authors: Tahmasbi Rad Armin , Bao Yue , Jang Hyun‐Sook , Xia Yan , Sharma Hari , Dormidontova Elena E. , Zhao Jing , Arora Jaspreet , John Vijay T. , Tang Ben Zhong , Dainese Tiziano , Hariri Ali , Jokerst Jesse V. , Maran Flavio , Nieh Mu‐Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe authors designed a structurally stable nano‐in‐nano (NANO2) system highly capable of bioimaging via an aggregation‐enhanced NIR excited emission and photoacoustic response achieved based on atomically precise gold nanoclusters protected by linear thiolated ligands [Au25(SCnH2n+1)18, n = 4–16] encapsulated in discoidal phospholipid bicelles through a one‐pot synthesis. The detailed morphological characterization of NANO2 is conducted using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, small/wide angle X‐ray scattering with the support of molecular dynamics simulations, providing information on the location of Au nanoclusters in NANO2. The photoluminescence observed for NANO2 is 20–60 times more intense than that of the free Au nanoclusters, with both excitation and emission wavelengths in the near‐infrared range, and the photoacoustic signal is more than tripled. The authors attribute this newly discovered aggregation‐enhanced photoluminescence and photoacoustic signals to the restriction of intramolecular motion of the clusters’ ligands. With the advantages of biocompatibility and high cellular uptake, NANO2 is potentially applicable for both in vitro and in vivo imaging, as the authors demonstrate with NIR excited emission from in vitro A549 human lung and the KB human cervical cancer cells.
Composite Lithium Metal Anodes with Lithiophilic and Low‐Tortuosity Scaffold Enabling Ultrahigh Currents and Capacities in Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Wu Jingyi , Rao Zhixiang , Liu Xueting , Shen Yue , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Xie Xiaolin , Huang Yunhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe practical application of lithium metal anode has been hindered by safety and cyclability issues due to the uncontrollable dendrite growth, especially during fast cycling and deep plating/stripping process. Here, a composite Li metal anode supported by periodic, perpendicular, and lithiophilic TiO2/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanofibers via a facial rolling process is reported. TiO2/PVP nanofibers with good Li affinity provide low‐tortuosity and directly inward Li+ transport paths to facilitate Li nucleation and deposition under high areal capacities and current densities. The micrometer‐scale interspaces between TiO2/PVP walls offer enough space to circumvent the huge volume variation and avoid structure collapsing during the repeated deep Li plating/stripping. The unique structure enables stable cycling under ultrahigh currents (12 mA cm−2), and ultra‐deep plating/stripping up to 60 mAh cm−2 with a long cycle life in commercial carbonate electrolytes. The gassing behavior in operating pouch cells is observed using ultrasonic transmission mapping. When paired with LiFePO4 (5 mAh cm−2), sulfur (3 mAh cm−2), and high‐voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes, the composite Li anodes deliver remarkably improved rate performance and cycling stability, demonstrating that it could be a promising strategy for balancing high‐energy density and high‐power density in Li metal batteries.