bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RADIOCARBON IN DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON BY UV OXIDATION: PROCEDURES AND BLANK CHARACTERIZATION AT NOSAMS
Authors: Xu Li , Roberts Mark L , Elder Kathryn L , Kurz Mark D , McNichol Ann P , Reddy Christopher M , Ward Collin P , Hanke Ulrich M 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThis study describes a procedural blank assessment of the ultraviolet photochemical oxidation (UV oxidation) method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). A retrospective compilation of Fm and δ13C results for secondary standards (OX-II, glycine) between 2009 and 2018 indicated that a revised blank correction was required to bring results in line with accepted values. The application of a best-fit mass-balance correction yielded a procedural blank of 22.0 ± 6.0 µg C with Fm of 0.30 ± 0.20 and δ13C of –32.0 ± 3.0‰ for this period, which was notably higher and more variable than previously reported. Changes to the procedure, specifically elimination of higher organic carbon reagents and improved sample and reactor handling, reduced the blank to 11.0 ± 2.75 µg C, with Fm of 0.14 ± 0.10 and δ13C of –31.0 ± 5.5‰. A thorough determination of the entire sample processing blank is required to ensure accurate isotopic compositions of seawater DOC using the UV oxidation method. Additional efforts are needed to further reduce the procedural blank so that smaller DOC samples can be analyzed, and to increase sample throughput.
Formation, diagenesis and fauna of cold seep carbonates from the Miocene Taishu Group of Tsushima (Japan)
Authors: Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Miyajima Yusuke , Amano Kazutaka , Georgieva Magdalena N , Jakubowicz Michał , Jenkins Robert G , Kaim Andrzej 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe studied seep carbonates from Tsushima, Japan, are embedded within marine siliciclastics of the lower Miocene Taishu Group and represent the earliest evidence of hydrocarbon seepage in the Sea of Japan. In contrast to Miocene and Pliocene examples from Honshu, which are often found above anticlines, the seeps from Tsushima formed within a pull-apart basin before major anticlines had formed. The three carbonates from Fukuzaki, Kanoura and Tanohama are composed chiefly of calcite, with significant admixture of ankerite only at Kanoura. The stable carbon isotope composition of calcites (δ13C as low as −40.2 ‰ VPDB for Fukuzaki, −41.8 ‰ VPDB for Kanoura, and −52.8 ‰ VPDB for Tanohama) indicate methanogenic origin of the carbonates. Textures of these deposits, including radiaxial and yellow cements, are indicative of formation at a methane seep. The stable oxygen isotope composition of calcites (δ18O values as low as −14.4 ‰ VPDB for Fukuzaki, −14.5 ‰ VPDB for Kanoura and −13.9 ‰ VPDB for Tanohama) indicate that they were influenced by burial fluids. Burial diagenesis is also indicated by the stable isotopic compositions of ankerite (δ13C ranging from −19.1 ‰ to −7.1 ‰ VPDB, δ18O from −11.1 ‰ to −9.7 ‰ VPDB). Molecular fossils from Tanohama comprise n-alkanes with short-chain predominance, interpreted to have formed due to thermal cracking of organic matter. The carbonates yield a chemosynthesis-based community comprising vesicomyids Pleurophopsis chitanii, P. cf. hamuroi, the bathymodiolin ‘Bathymodiolus’ akanudaensis, the lucinid Lucinoma sp. and the provannid Provanna? sp., which have never been hitherto identified. ‘Bathymodiolus’ akanudaensis, Lucinoma sp. and Provanna? sp. are the oldest records of these taxa in the Sea of Japan.
Occurrence ofTaeniaspecies in pigs in slaughterhouses in Phu Tho province, northern Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen T.T.M. , Dermauw V. , Noh J. , Chien N.H. , Dao T.T.H. , Nguyen T.G.T. , Van Hul A. , Dorny P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPigs act as the intermediate hosts of the zoonotic tapewormsTaenia soliumandTaenia asiatica, as well as of the non-zoonoticTaenia hydatigena.In Vietnam, human taeniasis and cysticercosis have been reported throughout the country; however, data on porcine cysticercosis are scarce. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence ofTaeniaspp. in slaughtered pigs in two districts in Phu Tho, a mountainous province in northern Vietnam from where neurocysticercosis patients commonly originate. The carcasses of 399 pigs from 51 small-scale abattoirs were checked for cysticerci, while tongue, liver, masseter muscles, diaphragm and heart were sliced and examined. Retrieved cysticerci underwent polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing for species confirmation. Blood was also collected to detect antibodies by lentil lectin-purified glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (LLGP-EITB) and recombinant T24H antigen (rT24H)-EITB and circulating antigens by B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. In two pigs,T. asiaticacysticerci were found, confirming the presence of the parasite in pigs in Vietnam at a low prevalence (0.5%; 95% exact confidence interval (CI): 0–1.19%). Cysticerci ofT. soliumwere found in none of the pigs, although one serum sample was positive for antibodies in both LLGP-EITB and rT24H-EITB. Furthermore, a high prevalence ofT. hydatigenacysticercosis was observed (18.0%; 95% Wilson score CI: 14.6–22.1%). In more than half of theT. hydatigena-positive pigs, circulating antigens were detected by Ag-ELISA, confirming that this test cannot be used to diagnoseT. soliumcysticercosis in this region. Finally,Spirometra erinaceieuropaeiwas found in one pig liver. It is the first record of this zoonotic cestode species in pigs in Vietnam. Overall, the findings confirmed the complex epidemiology ofTaeniaspp. in pigs in Vietnam.
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the breath of some infected dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Hemida Maged Gomaa , Ali Mohammed , Alhammadi Mohammed , Alnaeem Abdelmohsen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dromedary camels remain the currently identified reservoir for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The virus is released in the secretions of the infected camels, especially the nasal tract. The virus shedding curve through the nasal secretions was studied. Although human transmission of the virus through the respiratory tract of close contact people with dromedary reported previously, the exact mechanism of transmission is still largely unknown. The main goal of this study was to check the possibility of MERS-CoV shedding in the exhaled air of the infected camels. To achieve this goal, we conducted a follow-up study in one of the dromedary camel herds, December 2018–April 2019. We tested nasal swabs, breath samples from animals within this herd by the real-time PCR. Our results showed that some of the tested nasal swabs and breath were positive from 24 March 2019 until 7 April 2019. The phylogenetic analysis of the obtained S and N gene sequences revealed the detected viruses are clustering together with some human and camel samples from the eastern region, especially from Al-Hufuf city, as well as some samples from Qatar and Jordon. These results are clearly showing the possibility of shedding of the virus in the breath of the infected camels. This could explain, at least in part, the mechanism of transmission of MERS-CoV from animals to humans. This study is confirming the shedding of MERS-CoV in the exhaled air of the infected camels. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the MERS-CoV.
Model structure on the universe of all types in interval type theory
Authors: Boulier Simon , Tabareau Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModel categories constitute the major context for doing homotopy theory. More recently, homotopy type theory (HoTT) has been introduced as a context for doing syntactic homotopy theory. In this paper, we show that a slight generalization of HoTT, called interval type theory (⫿TT), allows to define a model structure on the universe of all types, which, through the model interpretation, corresponds to defining a model structure on the category of cubical sets. This work generalizes previous works of Gambino, Garner, and Lumsdaine from the universe of fibrant types to the universe of all types. Our definition of ⫿TT comes from the work of Orton and Pitts to define a syntactic approximation of the internal language of the category of cubical sets. In this paper, we extend the work of Orton and Pitts by introducing the notion of degenerate fibrancy, which allows to define a fibrant replacement, at the heart of the model structure on the universe of all types. All our definitions and propositions have been formalized using the Coq proof assistant.
Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Functioning in Friedreich’s Ataxia
Authors: Hernández-Torres Atteneri , Montón Fernando , Hess Medler Stephany , de Nóbrega Érika , Nieto Antonieta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is the most common hereditary ataxia. It is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive ataxia. FRDA is also associated with cognitive impairments. To date, the evolution of cognitive functioning is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the changes in the cognitive functioning of FRDA patients over an average eight-year timeframe. In addition, we aimed to study the relationship between cognitive changes and clinical variables.Methods:Twenty-nine FRDA patients who had been part of the sample of a previous study participated in the present study. The mean average time between the two assessments was 8.24 years. The participants completed an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests chosen to examine cognitive functioning in various cognitive domains: processing speed, attention, working memory, executive functions, verbal and visual memory, visuoperceptive and visuospatial skills, visuoconstructive functions and language.Results:At follow-up, cerebellar symptoms had worsened, and patients presented greater disability. Differences between baseline and follow-up were observed in motor and cognitive reaction times, several trials of the Stroop test, semantic fluency, and block designs. No other cognitive changes were observed. Deterioration in simple cognitive reactions times and block designs performance correlated with the progression of cerebellar symptoms.Conclusions:Our study has demonstrated for the first time that patients with FRDA experience a significant decline over time in several cognitive domains. Specifically, after an eight-year period, FRDA patients worsened in processing speed, fluency, and visuoconstructive skills. This progression is unlikely to be due to greater motor or speech impairment.
What Causes the Common‐Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields: Case Study for Taiwan in Relation to Atmospheric Mass Loading
Authors: Kumar Utpal , Chao Benjamin Fong , Chang Emmy T. Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyze 47 best‐quality, 10‐year‐long daily Global Positioning System (GPS) position time series of Taiwan, to understand the origin of the GPS's common‐mode error (CME) whose seasonality in the standard deviation evidences a meteorological origin. We employ the empirical orthogonal function analysis to efficiently extract the CME as the leading island‐wide mode for all three components (whereas the second mode relates to the El Niño Southern Oscillation). We find that the CME correlates well with the acquired variations in the atmospheric mass loading (AML) displacement field for Taiwan courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for the vertical component with high coherence around 11–14 cycles per year. Further regression analysis shows that the maximum 90% of the non‐seasonal AML displacements in Taiwan are evident in the CME variations.
Transitions of Fluid Invasion Patterns in Porous Media
Authors: Lan Tian , Hu Ran , Yang Zhibing , Wu Dong‐Sheng , Chen Yi‐Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFluid invasion into porous media to displace a more viscous fluid exhibits various displacement patterns. For such unfavorable displacements, previous works overlooked the dynamic effect of viscous force on pattern transitions at low flow rates. Consequently, the crossover from compact displacement to capillary fingering under various wetting conditions remains unclear. Here, we establish a theoretical model to capture pattern transitions affected by wettability and flow rate. We rigorously quantify the dynamic effect of viscous force and find that critical contact angles for the crossover from compact displacement to capillary fingering decrease with capillary number. Our model also well describes transitions from capillary fingering to the crossover to viscous fingering. The predicted phase diagram exhibits good agreement with our pore‐scale simulations and microfluidic experiments and is highly consistent with existing experiments. This work extends the classic phase diagram under unfavorable conditions and is of practical significance in subsurface applications.
A Statistical Study of the Subauroral Polarization Stream Over North American Sector Using the Millstone Hill Incoherent Scatter Radar 1979–2019 Measurements
Authors: Aa Ercha , Erickson Philip J. , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Zou Shasha , Coster Anthea J. , Goncharenko Larisa P. , Foster John C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work conducts a statistical study of the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) feature in the North American sector using Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar measurements from 1979 to 2019, which provides a comprehensive SAPS climatology using a significantly larger database of radar observations than was used in seminal earlier works. Key features of SAPS and associated electron density (Ne), ion temperature (Ti), and electron temperature (Te) are investigated using a superposed epoch analysis method. The characteristics of these parameters are investigated with respect to magnetic local time, season, geomagnetic activity, solar activity, and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation, respectively. The main results are as follows: (1) Conditions for SAPS are more favorable for dusk than near midnight, for winter compared to summer, for active geomagnetic periods compared to quiet time, for solar minimum compared to solar maximum, and for IMF conditions with negative By and negative Bz. (2) SAPS is usually associated with a midlatitude trough of 15–20% depletion in the background density. The SAPS‐related trough is more pronounced in the postmidnight sector and near the equinoxes. (3) Subauroral ion and electron temperatures exhibit a 3–8% (50–120 K) enhancement in SAPS regions, which tend to have higher percentage enhancement during geomagnetically active periods and at midnight. Ion temperature enhancements are more favored during low solar activity periods, while the electron temperature enhancement remains almost constant as a function of the solar cycle. (4) The electron thermal content, Te × Ne, in the SAPS associated region is strongly dependent on 1/Ne, with Te exhibiting a negative correlation with respect to Ne.
ACE2 mouse models: a toolbox for cardiovascular and pulmonary research
Authors: Jia Hongpeng , Yue Xinping , Lazartigues Eric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the host entry receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. ACE2 is a regulatory enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system and has protective functions in many cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic diseases. This review summarizes available murine models with systemic or organ-specific deletion of ACE2, or with overexpression of murine or human ACE2. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers with the genetic tools available for further understanding of ACE2 biology and for the investigation of ACE2 in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19.
Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness
Authors: Pierron Denis , Pereda-Loth Veronica , Mantel Marylou , Moranges Maëlle , Bignon Emmanuelle , Alva Omar , Kabous Julie , Heiske Margit , Pacalon Jody , David Renaud , Dinnella Caterina , Spinelli Sara , Monteleone Erminio , Farruggia Michael C. , Cooper Keiland W. , Sell Elizabeth A. , Thomas-Danguin Thierry , Bakke Alyssa J. , Parma Valentina , Hayes John E. , Letellier Thierry , Ferdenzi Camille , Golebiowski Jérôme , Bensafi Moustafa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have taken drastic measures to avoid an overflow of intensive care units. Accurate metrics of disease spread are critical for the reopening strategies. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are earlier markers of the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 than current governmental indicators. We also report a decrease in self-reports of new onset smell/taste changes as early as 5 days after lockdown enforcement. Cross-country comparisons demonstrate that countries that adopted the most stringent lockdown measures had faster declines in new reports of smell/taste changes following lockdown than a country that adopted less stringent lockdown measures. We propose that an increase in the incidence of sudden smell and taste change in the general population may be used as an indicator of COVID-19 spread in the population.
The structural variation landscape in 492 Atlantic salmon genomes
Authors: Bertolotti Alicia C. , Layer Ryan M. , Gundappa Manu Kumar , Gallagher Michael D. , Pehlivanoglu Ege , Nome Torfinn , Robledo Diego , Kent Matthew P. , Røsæg Line L. , Holen Matilde M. , Mulugeta Teshome D. , Ashton Thomas J. , Hindar Kjetil , Sægrov Harald , Florø-Larsen Bjørn , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R. , Bernatchez Louis , Martin Samuel A. M. , Johnston Ian A. , Sandve Simen R. , Lien Sigbjørn , Macqueen Daniel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStructural variants (SVs) are a major source of genetic and phenotypic variation, but remain challenging to accurately type and are hence poorly characterized in most species. We present an approach for reliable SV discovery in non-model species using whole genome sequencing and report 15,483 high-confidence SVs in 492 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) sampled from a broad phylogeographic distribution. These SVs recover population genetic structure with high resolution, include an active DNA transposon, widely affect functional features, and overlap more duplicated genes retained from an ancestral salmonid autotetraploidization event than expected. Changes in SV allele frequency between wild and farmed fish indicate polygenic selection on behavioural traits during domestication, targeting brain-expressed synaptic networks linked to neurological disorders in humans. This study offers novel insights into the role of SVs in genome evolution and the genetic architecture of domestication traits, along with resources supporting reliable SV discovery in non-model species.
Parameters influencing the development of highly conductive and efficient biofilm during microbial electrosynthesis: the importance of applied potential and inorganic carbon source
Authors: Izadi Paniz , Fontmorin Jean-Marie , Godain Alexiane , Yu Eileen H. , Head Ian M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCathode-driven applications of bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) have the potential to transform CO2into value-added chemicals using microorganisms. However, their commercialisation is limited as biocathodes in BESs are characterised by slow start-up and low efficiency. Understanding biosynthesis pathways, electron transfer mechanisms and the effect of operational variables on microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is of fundamental importance to advance these applications of a system that has the capacity to convert CO2to organics and is potentially sustainable. In this work, we demonstrate that cathodic potential and inorganic carbon source are keys for the development of a dense and conductive biofilm that ensures high efficiency in the overall system. Applying the cathodic potential of −1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl and providing only gaseous CO2in our system, a dense biofilm dominated byAcetobacterium(ca. 50% of biofilm) was formed. The superior biofilm density was significantly correlated with a higher production yield of organic chemicals, particularly acetate. Together, a significant decrease in the H2evolution overpotential (by 200 mV) and abundantnifHgenes within the biofilm were observed. This can only be mechanistically explained if intracellular hydrogen production with direct electron uptake from the cathode via nitrogenase within bacterial cells is occurring in addition to the commonly observed extracellular H2production. Indeed, the enzymatic activity within the biofilm accelerated the electron transfer. This was evidenced by an increase in the coulombic efficiency (ca. 69%) and a 10-fold decrease in the charge transfer resistance. This is the first report of such a significant decrease in the charge resistance via the development of a highly conductive biofilm during MES. The results highlight the fundamental importance of maintaining a highly active autotrophicAcetobacteriumpopulation through feeding CO2in gaseous form, which its dominance in the biocathode leads to a higher efficiency of the system.
The genomic landscape of metastatic histologic special types of invasive breast cancer
Authors: Pareja Fresia , Ferrando Lorenzo , Lee Simon S. K. , Beca Francisco , Selenica Pier , Brown David N. , Farmanbar Amir , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Vahdatinia Mahsa , Zhang Hong , Zoppoli Gabriele , Wen Hannah Y. , Brogi Edi , Robson Mark E. , Razavi Pedram , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Weigelt Britta , Reis-Filho Jorge S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHistologic special types of breast cancer (BC) account for ~20% of BCs. Large sequencing studies of metastatic BC have focused on invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NSTs). We sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations of metastatic histologic special types of BC. We reanalyzed targeted capture sequencing data of 309 special types of BC, including metastatic and primary invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs;n = 132 andn = 127, respectively), mixed mucinous (n = 5 metastatic andn = 14 primary), micropapillary (n = 12 metastatic andn = 8 primary), and metaplastic BCs (n = 6 metastatic andn = 5 primary), and compared metastatic histologic special types of BC to metastatic IDC-NSTs matched according to clinicopathologic characteristics and to primary special type BCs. The genomic profiles of metastatic and primary special types of BC were similar. Important differences, however, were noted: metastatic ILCs harbored a higher frequency of genetic alterations inTP53,ESR1,FAT1,RFWD2, andNF1than primary ILCs, and inCDH1,PIK3CA,ERBB2,TBX3,NCOR1, andRFWD2than metastatic IDC-NSTs. Metastatic ILCs displayed a higher mutational burden, and more frequently dominant APOBEC mutational signatures than primary ILCs and matched metastatic IDC-NSTs.ESR1andNCORmutations were frequently detected in metastatic mixed mucinous BCs, whereasPIK3CAandTP53were the most frequently altered genes in metastatic micropapillary and metaplastic BCs, respectively. Taken together, primary and metastatic BCs histologic special types have remarkably similar repertoires of somatic genetic alterations. Metastatic ILCs more frequently harbor APOBEC mutational signatures than primary ILCs and metastatic IDC-NSTs.