bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Order Reduction of Bilinear Systems Containing a Clearance
Authors: Butcher Eric A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A technique for order reduction of nonsmooth bilinear systems of arbitrary dimension containing a clearance is presented. First, a linear-based order reduction transformation is applied. When only one master coordinate is retained, the frequency of the reduced order model may be used to approximate the bilinear normal mode (BNM) frequency of the full model. By utilizing other approximation methods previously developed via the well-known bilinear frequency relation (BFR), this result is in turn used to construct improved reduced order models whose frequencies are even better approximations to the BNM frequencies for the full model. The technique is applied to two and four degree-of-freedom bilinear systems with nonvanishing clearance or interference. The resulting approximate frequencies are compared with those obtained from numerical simulations. The advantages of the present technique include a reduced order model which uses a subset of the original physical coordinates, contains the form of the nonsmooth nonlinearity of the full model, and whose time series closely tracks that of the corresponding BNM in the full model.
Limitations in the Modal Superposition for Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems With Impact Non-Linearities
Authors: Lamarque C.-H. , Janin O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The possibility of building a modal superposition formula for two-degree-of-freedom mechanical systems with impacts is investigated in this paper. This formula is obtained by following the usual procedure which consists in defining generalized frequencies, masses and modes. The example of two rigid bodies colliding underlines the efficiency, as well as the limitations, of the method.
A Theoretical Model of Oscillations of Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic Structures Subject to Passive Magnetic Elements
Authors: Piombo Bruno A. D. , Bonisoli Elvio , Ruzzene Massimo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the model of the dynamic behavior of vibrating structures where paramagnetic or diamagnetic conducting materials (such as Aluminum, Copper, Brass) are interacting with passive magnetic elements.
The magnetic model is based on the analogy of the equivalent currents method in a quasi-static open-circuit-type configuration and it is used to determine the influence of eddy currents on the dynamic behavior of structures made of conducting materials.
The effect of the magnetic interactions consists in a viscous-type damping effect as well as in an interesting stiffening effect denoted as “phantom effect”, which is modeled by adding an imaginary term to the damping coefficient.
The influence of both terms on the dynamic response of a single degree of freedom system immersed in a magnetic field is discussed for varying magnitudes of the gradient of magnetic induction.
Localization and Control of Wave Propagation in Active Periodic Fluid-Loaded Shells
Authors: Ruzzene M. , Baz A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Periodically placed actuators are used to control the wave propagation and to localize the vibration and sound radiation of fluid-loaded shells. The filtering capabilities of the resulting periodic structure can be actively tuned by modifying the feedback control gain of the actuators thus allowing for controlling the spectral width and location of the stop and pass bands as well as introducing controlled aperiodicity in the structure.
A finite element model is developed to study the fundamental phenomena governing the coupling between the shell, actuators and the fluid domain surrounding the shell. The geometry of the shell and the fluid domain allows for the formulation of a harmonic-based model with uncoupled circumferential modes. The model is used to predict the pass and stop frequency bands for different proportional control gains and to evaluate the shell harmonic response and the sound radiation into the surrounding fluid. The obtained results indicate that the location and width of the stop bands as well as the attenuation characteristics of the shell can be modified by proper choice of the proportional control gain. Numerical simulations also demonstrate that the location of the stop bands can be identified from the frequency response function of the shell and from the sound intensity.
The tunable characteristics of the proposed active shells allow for the introduction of controlled aperiodicty through proper adjustments of the actuators’ feedback gains. Disorder in periodic structures typically extends the stopbands into adjacent propagation zones and, more importantly, localizes the vibration energy near the excitation source. Both structural response and sound radiation are evaluated for increasing levels of aperiodicity. The results presented demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed concept as an effective means for controlling the attenuation characteristics of fluid-loaded shells and for confining both vibration and sound radiation near the excitation source. Also, the presented analysis provides an invaluable means for designing fluid-loaded shells, which are quiet over desired frequency bands and where the energy can be spatially confined in well-defined restricted areas.
Gear Vibration Analysis: An Analytical and Experimental Study
Authors: Berri Sidi M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study is a combined experimental/analytical investigation of the effect of a cracked pinion tooth on the vibrational characteristics of a power transmission system. A system of nonlinear equations representing the analytical model of an experimental test rig is presented. The model includes the effect of crack size on the time-varying gear mesh stiffness. The relationship of the dynamic tooth loads to the crack size of a single cracked tooth of a spur gear pair is also shown. Comparison of the experimental and analytical vibration signals processed by using the wavelet transform show excellent agreement over a range of crack sizes and running speeds.
Simulation on the Vibration of the Hydraulic Hammer
Authors: Li Yongtang , Ting Kwun-Lon , Lei Bufang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The vibration dynamics of the lower tup slightly moved hydraulic hammer is researched for the first time by means of the method of mechanical dynamics combined with digital simulation. The blowing process and energy transformation of hydraulic hammer is analyzed. The mechanics model and the mathematical model of vibration of the hammers are established. As an example the digital simulation of vibration of 25KJ hydraulic hammer is performed. The variation curves of vibration of the lower tup and the base are obtained. It is shown from comparative research that the vibration of this new kind of hammer is much less than that of steam-driven anvil hammer. Some measures to eliminate vibration produced by the hammer furthermore are put forward.
Remedying Stereotype Threat Effects in Spectator Sports
Authors: Chang Yonghwan , Schull Vicki , Kihl Lisa A. 
Published: November 2020

Attempts were made to explore the value of the multiple social identities approach in reducing the detrimental effects of stereotype threats in the context of spectator sports. A total of 150 females were recruited for a laboratory experiment. The following manipulations were implemented: (a) stereotype threat, (b) threat along with the implicit team identification activation, and (c) control. The results revealed that females in the threat condition showed a reduced level of psychological well-being; paradoxically, negative stereotypes positively influenced their self-esteem. The activation of implicit team identification alleviated the detrimental consequences of threat by inhibiting the spreading activation of harmful stereotypes regarding women in sports. The main theoretical frameworks of this study consisted of the process account of stereotype threat suggested in cognitive psychology. The authors attempted to offer a stronger understanding of the underlying mental processes of stereotype threat on women as well as an effective means to deal with its detrimental consequences.
Longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms in older adults from Mexico: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Alvarez-Cisneros Teresa , Roa-Rojas Paloma , Garcia-Peña Carmen 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionSeveral studies have argued a causal relationship between diabetes and depression, while others have highlighted that their association is a result of common risk factors. Because Mexico is a country with a high prevalence of diabetes, and diabetes and depression are a frequent comorbidity, we chose this country to investigate the longitudinal relationship of these two conditions, focusing on the influence of demographic, health, and socioeconomic factors which could act as common risk factors for both conditions.Research design and methodsUsing the harmonized Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative sample of adults older than 50 with a response rate of 93%, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms using ‘between-within’ random-effects models, focusing on the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors.ResultsWhile older adults with diabetes reported a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the four waves of the study, there was no causal longitudinal association between them once controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors (between-effect OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.01; within-effect OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.11).ConclusionsThere is no causal longitudinal association between diabetes and depression; the higher prevalence of depression among older adults with diabetes seems a result of socioeconomic and health factors that are not exclusive to respondents with diabetes but are more frequent in this group. Our results highlight the importance of prevention and control of chronic conditions as well as the role of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health.
Gestational weight gain in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling analysis using nationally representative data
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Wang Molin , Darling Anne Marie , Perumal Nandita , Liu Enju , Danaei Goodarz , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionGestational weight gain (GWG) has important implications for maternal and child health and is an ideal modifiable factor for preconceptional and antenatal care. However, the average levels of GWG across all low-income and middle-income countries of the world have not been characterised using nationally representative data.MethodsGWG estimates across time were computed using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program. A hierarchical model was developed to estimate the mean total GWG in the year 2015 for all countries to facilitate cross-country comparison. Year and country-level covariates were used as predictors, and variable selection was guided by the model fit. The final model included year (restricted cubic splines), geographical super-region (as defined by the Global Burden of Disease Study), mean adult female body mass index, gross domestic product per capita and total fertility rate. Uncertainty ranges (URs) were generated using non-parametric bootstrapping and a multiple imputation approach. Estimates were also computed for each super-region and region.ResultsLatin America and Caribbean (11.80 kg (95% UR: 6.18, 17.41)) and Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia (11.19 kg (95% UR: 6.16, 16.21)) were the super-regions with the highest GWG estimates in 2015. Sub-Saharan Africa (6.64 kg (95% UR: 3.39, 9.88)) and North Africa and Middle East (6.80 kg (95% UR: 3.17, 10.43)) were the super-regions with the lowest estimates in 2015. With the exception of Latin America and Caribbean, all super-regions were below the minimum GWG recommendation for normal-weight women, with Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa and Middle East estimated to meet less than 60% of the minimum recommendation.ConclusionThe levels of GWG are inadequate in most low-income and middle-income countries and regions. Longitudinal monitoring systems and population-based interventions are crucial to combat inadequate GWG in low-income and middle-income countries.
Coping with COVID-19 in United Nations peacekeeping field hospitals: increased workload and mental stress for military healthcare providers
Authors: Zhang Yongxue , Xiang D , Alejok N 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThis study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the United Nations peacekeeping field hospitals where medical supply and manpower are extremely insufficient.MethodsA level II hospital was deployed in Wau, South Sudan, as the regional referral centre of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). It had a total strength of 63 personnel with 47 medical staff (average age 38.3±8.0 years, 33 men). A new ‘appointment–triage–disinfection’ work pattern was adopted to cope with the COVID-19 outbreak in the mission. Data on medical service statistics and workload before/after the outbreak were collected and compared. The mental health of staff was analysed from the quarterly psychological survey, including Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-10, Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9.ResultsThe number of outpatients decreased slightly after the COVID-19 outbreak (41.9±11.9 to 37.6±11.8 per week, p=0.49), whereas the weekly hospital length of stay of inpatients increased significantly (0.4±1.0 to 3.1±3.9 days, p=0.02). Total weekly working hours increased from 1884.9±34.1 to 2023.5±67.3 hours (p<0.001). Elevated mental stress (PSS-10: 4.3±2.4 in February to 7.5±3.9 in May, p<0.001; GAD-7: 4.0±2.3 to 9.4±4.0, p<0.001; PHQ-9: 2.1±1.2 to 3.2±2.4, p<0.001) was documented among healthcare providers after the outbreak. The threat of COVID-19 infection, delay in rotation and family-related concerns constituted the main stressors.ConclusionCOVID-19 imposes a huge pressure on peacekeeping field hospitals. Increased workload and mental stress among frontline healthcare providers deserve the attention of UNMISS officials. Facilitating the rotation of the medical staff might potentially improve the operational readiness of the hospital by bringing in well-trained personnel and sufficient medical supplies.
Use of implementation science in tobacco control intervention studies in the USA between 2000 and 2020: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Selove Rebecca , Neil-Sztramko Sarah , Leng Jennifer , Walker Philip J , Salloum Ramzi George , Ginossar Tamar , Heckman Carolyn , Scheuermann Taneisha S , Combs Todd , Qualls-Hampton Raquel , Armstrong Rebecca , Ellis Shellie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDespite continuing efforts to reduce tobacco use in the USA, decline in smoking rates have stalled and smoking remains a major contributor to preventable death. Implementation science could potentially improve uptake and impact of evidence-based tobacco control interventions; however, no previous studies have systematically examined how implementation science has been used in this field. Our scoping review will describe the use of implementation science in tobacco control in the USA, identify relevant gaps in research and suggest future directions for implementation science application to tobacco control.Methods and analysisOur team, including a medical research librarian, will conduct a scoping review guided primarily by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. We will search English language peer-reviewed literature published from 2000 to 31 December 2020 for terms synonymous with ‘tobacco use’, ‘prevention’, ‘cessation’ and ‘implementation science’. The databases included in this search are MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (ProQuest), ERIC (ProQuest) and the Cochrane Library (Wiley). We will include cohort and quasi-experimental studies, single-group experiments and randomised trials that report qualitative and/or quantitative data related to applying implementation science to the planning and/or delivery of interventions to prevent or decrease the use of tobacco products. Studies must target potential or active tobacco users, intervention providers such as educators or healthcare professionals, or US policy-makers. A minimum of two reviewers will independently examine each title and abstract for relevance, and each eligible full text for inclusion and analysis. Use of implementation science, demonstrated by explicit reference to implementation frameworks, strategies or outcomes, will be extracted from included studies and summarised.Ethics and disseminationThis study is exempt from ethics board approval. We will document the equity-orientation of included studies with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Equity Extension checklist. Results will be submitted for conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberOpen Science Framework Registry (6YRK8).
Readiness of health facilities for the outpatient management of non-communicable diseases in a low-resource setting: an example from a facility-based cross-sectional survey in Tanzania
Authors: Bintabara Deogratius , Ngajilo Dorothy 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study assessed the readiness of health facilities to provide outpatient management of non-communicable diseases using a nationally representative sample of health facilities from Tanzania as an example of a low-resource country.DesignFacility-based cross-sectional survey.SettingThis study analysed data collected from public and private-owned dispensaries/clinics, health centres and hospitals during the 2014–2015 Tanzania Service Provision Assessment survey.Primary outcome measuresThree outcome variables are included in this study, namely readiness of facilities to provide outpatient management for diabetes, hypertension and chronic respiratory diseases. These were composite variables measured based on availability of indicators identified in the WHO-Service Availability and Readiness Assessment manual. These indicators were grouped into three domains, viz staff training and guidelines, basic diagnostic equipment and basic medicines. Readiness was measured by assessing the presence of required indicators in each of these domains.ResultsOut of 1188 health facilities assessed, 52.1%, 64.8% and 60.9% reported providing services related to diabetes, hypertension and chronic respiratory diseases, respectively. A few facilities reported having treatment guidelines (33.2%) or staff trained to provide non-communicable disease services (10.4%). The availability of basic diagnostic equipment and medicines for these diseases was significantly lower in public lower level facilities than in their private counterparts (p<0.05). Facilities located in urban settings as well as higher level (health centre and hospitals) and publicly owned facilities were significantly associated with increased service readiness index for providing outpatient management of non-communicable diseases.ConclusionA fair distribution of resources through the ‘push’ system of refresher training, treatment guidelines, medicines and diagnostic equipment from higher authorities or other agencies may be one way of strengthening the readiness of lower level and public facilities to cope with the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in low-resource countries such as Tanzania.
Incidence, nature and causes of avoidable significant harm in primary care in England: retrospective case note review
Authors: Avery Anthony J , Sheehan Christina , Bell Brian , Armstrong Sarah , Ashcroft Darren M , Boyd Matthew J , Chuter Antony , Cooper Alison , Donnelly Ailsa , Edwards Adrian , Evans Huw Prosser , Hellard Stuart , Lymn Joanne , Mehta Rajnikant , Rodgers Sarah , Sheikh Aziz , Smith Pam , Williams Huw , Campbell Stephen M , Carson-Stevens Andrew 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of avoidable significant harm in primary care in England; describe and classify the associated patient safety incidents and generate suggestions to mitigate risks of ameliorable factors contributing to the incidents.DesignRetrospective case note review. Patients with significant health problems were identified and clinical judgements were made on avoidability and severity of harm. Factors contributing to avoidable harm were identified and recorded.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsThirteen general practitioners (GPs) undertook a retrospective case note review of a sample of 14 407 primary care patients registered with 12 randomly selected general practices from three regions in England (total list size: 92 255 patients).Main outcome measuresThe incidence of significant harm considered at least ‘probably avoidable’ and the nature of the safety incidents.ResultsThe rate of significant harm considered at least probably avoidable was 35.6 (95% CI 23.3 to 48.0) per 100 000 patient-years (57.9, 95% CI 42.2 to 73.7, per 100 000 based on a sensitivity analysis). Overall, 74 cases of avoidable harm were detected, involving 72 patients. Three types of incident accounted for more than 90% of the problems: problems with diagnosis accounted for 45/74 (60.8%) primary incidents, followed by medication-related problems (n=19, 25.7%) and delayed referrals (n=8, 10.8%). In 59 (79.7%) cases, the significant harm could have been identified sooner (n=48) or prevented (n=11) if the GP had taken actions aligned with evidence-based guidelines.ConclusionThere is likely to be a substantial burden of avoidable significant harm attributable to primary care in England with diagnostic error accounting for most harms. Based on the contributory factors we found, improvements could be made through more effective implementation of existing information technology, enhanced team coordination and communication, and greater personal and informational continuity of care.
Rate of cannabis use in older adults with cancer
Authors: Rajasekhara Sahana , Portman Diane G , Chang Young D , Haas Meghan F , Randich Anthony L , Bromberg Hannah S , Rashid Saima , Donovan Kristine A 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesOlder adults with cancer are increasingly inquiring about and using cannabis. Despite this, few studies have examined cannabis use in patients with cancer aged 65 years and older as a separate group and identified characteristics associated with use. The current study sought to determine the rate of cannabis use in older adult patients with cancer and to identify demographic and clinical correlates of use.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients with cancer referred for specialised symptom management between January 2014 and May 2017 who underwent routine urine drug testing for tetrahydrocannabinol as part of their initial clinic visit.ResultsApproximately 8% (n=24) of patients with cancer aged 65 years and older tested positive for tetrahydrocannabinol compared with 30% (n=51) of young adults and 21% (n=154) of adults. At the univariate level, more cannabis users had lower performance status than non-users (p=0.02, Fisher’s exact test). There were no other demographic and clinical characteristics significantly associated with cannabis use in older adults.ConclusionsOlder adult patients made up nearly 25% (n=301) of the total sample and had a rate of cannabis use of 8%. As one of the first studies to assess cannabis use via objective testing rather than self-report, this study adds significantly to the emerging literature on cannabis use in people aged 65 years and older. Findings suggest the rate of use in older adults living with cancer is higher than that among older adults in the general population.