bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardisierte histomorphologische Aufarbeitung von Peritonealbiopsien im Rahmen des Deutschen Peritonealbiopsieregisters (GRIP, German Registry In PD)
Authors: Pfister Frederick , Büttner-Herold Maike , Kitsche Benno , Bulian Dirk R. , Kielstein Jan , Wanninger Reinhard , Eden Gabriele , Alscher Dominik , Nebel Michael , Schwenger Vedat , Amann Kerstin 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Peritoneum stellt als seröse Haut, die mit ihrem viszeralen und parietalen Anteil den Bauchraum auskleidet, ein interessantes Organ dar, welches bei der sog. Peritoneal- oder Bauchfelldialyse (PD) klinische Beachtung findet. Bei diesem Nierenersatzverfahren wird die Semipermeabilität des Peritoneums genutzt, um mittels unterschiedlich osmolarer Dialyseflüssigkeiten die sog. harnpflichtigen Substanzen aus dem Körper zu eliminieren. Dies ist insbesondere bei jungen Patienten eine ideales Nierenersatzverfahren und funktioniert in der Regel zumindest einige Zeit sehr gut. Vorschäden des Peritoneums durch die Grunderkrankung der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz oder assoziierte Komorbiditäten sowie v. a. entzündliche Veränderungen während der PD führen zu einem morphologischen Umbau des Peritoneums mit der Konsequenz des Verlusts der Filtereigenschaften, sodass die PD beendet und auf ein anderes Nierenersatzverfahren gewechselt werden muss. Die Kenntnis des morphologischen Umbaus des Peritoneums sowie möglicher begünstigender Faktoren, zu denen es derzeit noch zu wenige Daten gibt, ist wichtig für die Therapie und Prognose der Patienten, die mit PD behandelt werden. Aus diesem Grund wurde vor einigen Jahren das Deutsche Peritonealbiopsieregister (GRIP, German Registry In PD) gegründet, das mittlerweile knapp 1700 Biopsate umfasst und an diesen standardisiert klinische und histomorphologische Parameter erhebt und dokumentiert.
Aortic valve calcification is subject to aortic stenosis severity and the underlying flow pattern
Authors: Veulemans Verena , Piayda Kerstin , Maier Oliver , Bosbach Georg , Polzin Amin , Hellhammer Katharina , Afzal Shazia , Klein Kathrin , Dannenberg Lisa , Zako Saif , Jung Christian , Westenfeld Ralf , Kelm Malte , Zeus Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSex- and flow-related aortic valve calcification (AVC) studies are still limited in number, and data on the exact calcium quantity and distribution are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to (1) re-define the best threshold of AVC load to distinguish severe from moderate aortic stenosis (AS) in common AS entities and to (2) evaluate differences in the aortic annulus and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) calcium load. Nine hundred and thirty-eight patients with contrast-enhanced cardiac MSCT and moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis (AS) were retrospectively enrolled. Patients with severe AS ≤ 1.0 cm2 (n = 841) were further separated into three AS entities: high gradient (HGAS, n = 370, 44.0%), paradoxical low gradient (pLGAS, n = 333, 39.6%), and classical low gradient (LGAS, n = 138, 16.4%). AVC, leaflet, and LVOT calcification were quantified. Aortic valve calcification scores were highest in severe HGAS, and lower in severe pLGAS and classical LGAS. In all severity and AS entities, the non-coronary cusp (NCC) was the most calcified one. LVOT calcification was consistently comparable between gender and AS entities. Accuracy of logistic regression was the highest in HGAS (male vs. female: AVC > 2156 Agatston units (AU), c-index 0.76; vs. AVC > 1292 AU, c-index 0.85; or AVC density > 406 AU/cm2, c-index 0.82; vs. > 259 AU/cm2, c-index 0.86; each p < 0.0001*) to diagnose severe AS. AVC could only be used in men to differentiate between severe LGAS and moderate AS. Data from this retrospective analysis indicate that the NCC is subject to pre-dominant degeneration throughout gender, AS severity, and several AS entities. AVC was consistently comparable in severe pLGAS and classical LGAS, but only AVC in severe LGAS could sufficiently distinguish from moderate AS in men. LVOT calcification failed to be a reliable indicator of accelerating AS.
Calibration of material parameters based on 180$$^\circ $$ and 90$$^\circ $$ ferroelectric domain wall properties in Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire phase field models
Authors: Flaschel Moritz , De Lorenzis Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFerroelectric phase field models based on the Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire theory are characterized by a large number of material parameters with problematic physical interpretation. In this study, we systematically address the relationship between these parameters and the main properties of ferroelectric domain walls. A variational approach is used to derive closed form solutions for the polarization fields at the phase transition regions as well as for the propagation velocities of the domain walls. Introducing a modified set of material parameters, which appropriately scales different contributions to the free energy, we are able to accurately calibrate these parameters based on domain wall thickness and energy of both 180$$^\circ $$∘and 90$$^\circ $$∘domain walls. Moreover, the mobility parameter appearing in the Ginzburg–Landau evolution equation can be accurately calibrated based on the propagation velocity of the domain walls.
An isogeometric finite element approach to fibre-reinforced composites with fibre bending stiffness
Authors: Witt Carina , Kaiser Tobias , Menzel Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the modelling of fibre-reinforced composites, it is well established to consider the fibre direction in the stored energy in order to account for the transverse isotropy of the overall material, induced by a single family of fibres. However, this approach does not include any length scale and therefore lacks in the prediction of size effects that may occur from the fibre diameter or spacing. By making use of a generalised continuum model including non-symmetric stresses and couple-stresses, the gradient of the fibre direction vector can be taken into account as an additional parameter of the stored energy density function. As a consequence, the enhanced model considers the bending stiffness of the fibres and includes information on the material length scale. Along with additional material parameters, increased continuity requirements on the basis functions follow in the finite element analysis. The isogeometric finite element method provides a framework which can fulfil these requirements of the corresponding weak formulation. In the present contribution, the method is applied to two representative numerical examples. At first, the bending deformation of a cantilever beam is studied in order to analyse the influence of the fibre properties. An increasingly stiff response is observed as the fibre bending stiffness increases and as the fibre orientation aligns with the beam’s axis. Secondly, a fibre-reinforced cylindrical tube under a pure azimuthal shear deformation is considered. The corresponding simulation results are compared against a semi-analytical solution. It is shown that the isogeometric analysis yields highly accurate results for the boundary value problem under consideration.
Modality compatibility in task switching depends on processing codes and task demands
Authors: Friedgen Erik , Koch Iring , Stephan Denise Nadine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModality compatibility denotes the match between sensory stimulus modality and the sensory modality of the anticipated response effect (for example, vocal responses usually lead to auditory effects, so that auditory–vocal stimulus–response mappings are modality-compatible, whereas visual–vocal mappings are modality incompatible). In task switching studies, it has been found that switching between two modality-incompatible mappings (auditory-manual and visual–vocal) resulted in higher switch costs than switching between two modality-compatible mappings (auditory–vocal and visual-manual). This finding suggests that with modality-incompatible mappings, the anticipation of the effect of each response primes the stimulus modality linked to the competing task, creating task confusion. In Experiment 1, we examined whether modality-compatibility effects in task switching are increased by strengthening the auditory–vocal coupling using spatial-verbal stimuli relative to spatial-location stimuli. In Experiment 2, we aimed at achieving the same goal by requiring temporal stimulus discrimination relative to spatial stimulus localisation. Results suggest that both spatial-verbal stimuli and temporal discrimination can increase modality-specific task interference through a variation of the strength of anticipation in the response-effect coupling. This provides further support for modality specificity of cognitive control processes in task switching.
Characterization and computation of ancestors in reaction systems
Authors: Barbuti Roberto , Bernasconi Anna , Gori Roberta , Milazzo Paolo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn reaction systems, preimages and nth ancestors are sets of reactants leading to the production of a target set of products in either 1 or n steps, respectively. Many computational problems on preimages and ancestors, such as finding all minimum-cardinality nth ancestors, computing their size or counting them, are intractable. In this paper, we characterize all nth ancestors using a Boolean formula that can be computed in polynomial time. Once simplified, this formula can be exploited to easily solve all preimage and ancestor problems. This allows us to directly relate the difficulty of ancestor problems to the cost of the simplification so that new insights into computational complexity investigations can be achieved. In particular, we focus on two problems: (i) deciding whether a preimage/nth ancestor exists and (ii) finding a preimage/nth ancestor of minimal size. Our approach is constructive, it aims at finding classes of reactions systems for which the ancestor problems can be solved in polynomial time, in exact or approximate way.
Ethische Fragen zum Kindeswohl: Gelingen und Misslingen von Entwicklung
Authors: Beck Matthias 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungKinder sind sehr vulnerabel. Für eine gute Entwicklung benötigen sie stabile Beziehungen und gute Umgebungsbedingungen. Sie haben ein Bedürfnis nach körperlicher Unversehrtheit und Sicherheit sowie nach Erfahrungen, die auf ihre individuellen Unterschiede zugeschnitten sind. Wichtig ist das Wissen um ihre Herkunft. Weiterhin wollen sie Erfahrungen machen, die ihrem Entwicklungsstand angemessen sind. Sie brauchen Grenzen und Strukturen, unterstützende Gemeinschaften und kulturelle Kontinuität. Diese sollen ihnen helfen, ihre ungesicherte Zukunft zu sichern. Allerdings bleibt die Welt endlich und ungesichert. Eine stabile Sicherung erlangt man nur im eigenen Inneren. Hier ist der Ort des Religiösen. Eine gute religiöse Erziehung sollte gerade jungen Menschen einen festen Eigenstand vermitteln. Sie haben ein Recht darauf, ihre existenziellen Fragen nach dem Sinn des Lebens und nach den letzten Dingen des Seins beantwortet zu bekommen.
Automated model analysis tools and techniques presented at FASE 2019
Authors: Hähnle Reiner , van der Aalst Wil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis special issue contains substantially revised and extended versions of some of the best papers presented at the 22nd International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering in 2019. All papers share the common theme that they are either concerned with model-based analysis of systems or they develop methods in its service.
Application and clinical impact of the RESIST-4 O.K.N.V. rapid diagnostic test for carbapenemase detection in blood cultures and clinical samples
Authors: Roth Sophie , Berger Fabian K. , Link Andreas , Nimmesgern Anna , Lepper Philipp M. , Murawski Niels , Bittenbring Jörg T. , Becker Sören L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvasive infections caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria are associated with excess mortality. We applied a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) on clinical samples with an elevated likelihood of carbapenemase-producing bacteria and documented its impact on antibiotic treatment decisions. Among 38 patients, twelve tested positive for infections caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria (31.6%), mainly in blood cultures. KPC (n = 10) was more frequent than OXA-48 (n = 2). RDT-based carbapenemase detection led to a treatment modification to ceftazidime/avibactam-containing regimens in all patients before detailed antibiotic testing results became available. Eleven patients (92%) survived the acute infection, whereas one patient with a ceftazidime/avibactam- and colistin-resistant OXA-48-positive isolate died.
A loose Benders decomposition algorithm for approximating two-stage mixed-integer recourse models
Authors: van der Laan Niels , Romeijnders Ward 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose a new class of convex approximations for two-stage mixed-integer recourse models, the so-called generalized alpha-approximations. The advantage of these convex approximations over existing ones is that they are more suitable for efficient computations. Indeed, we construct a loose Benders decomposition algorithm that solves large problem instances in reasonable time. To guarantee the performance of the resulting solution, we derive corresponding error bounds that depend on the total variations of the probability density functions of the random variables in the model. The error bounds converge to zero if these total variations converge to zero. We empirically assess our solution method on several test instances, including the SIZES and SSLP instances from SIPLIB. We show that our method finds near-optimal solutions if the variability of the random parameters in the model is large. Moreover, our method outperforms existing methods in terms of computation time, especially for large problem instances.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the mechanistic basis of Pib-mediated broad spectrum resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Qiu Jiehua , Lu Feifei , Xiong Meng , Meng Shuai , Shen Xianglin , Kou Yanjun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is a highly damaging disease. Introducing genes, which confer a broad spectrum resistance to the disease, such as Pib, makes an important contribution to protecting rice production. However, little is known regarding the mechanistic basis of the products of such genes. In this study, transcriptome of the cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and its monogenic IRBLb-B which harbors Pib treated with M. oryzae were compared. Among the many genes responding transcriptionally to infection were some encoding products involved in the metabolism of ROS (reactive oxygen species), in jasmonate (JA) metabolism, and WRKY transcription factors, receptor kinases, and resistance response signal modulation. The down-regulation of genes encoding peroxiredoxin and glutathione S transferases implied that the redox homeostasis is essential for the expression of Pib-mediated resistance. The up-regulation of seven disease resistance-related genes, including three encoding a NBS-LRR protein, indicated that disease resistance-related genes are likely tend to support the expression of Pib resistance. These data revealed that potential candidate genes and transcriptional reprogramming were involved in Pib-mediated resistance mechanisms.
Towards continuous industrial bioprocessing with solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia: challenges, progress and perspectives
Authors: Vees Charlotte Anne , Neuendorf Christian Simon , Pflügl Stefan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The sustainable production of solvents from above ground carbon is highly desired. Several clostridia naturally produce solvents and use a variety of renewable and waste-derived substrates such as lignocellulosic biomass and gas mixtures containing H2/CO2 or CO. To enable economically viable production of solvents and biofuels such as ethanol and butanol, the high productivity of continuous bioprocesses is needed. While the first industrial-scale gas fermentation facility operates continuously, the acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is traditionally operated in batch mode. This review highlights the benefits of continuous bioprocessing for solvent production and underlines the progress made towards its establishment. Based on metabolic capabilities of solvent producing clostridia, we discuss recent advances in systems-level understanding and genome engineering. On the process side, we focus on innovative fermentation methods and integrated product recovery to overcome the limitations of the classical one-stage chemostat and give an overview of the current industrial bioproduction of solvents.
Engaging Tomorrow’s Doctors in Clinical Ethics: Implications for Healthcare Organisations
Authors: Machin Laura L. , Proctor Robin D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClinical ethics can be viewed as a practical discipline that provides a structured approach to assist healthcare practitioners in identifying, analysing and resolving ethical issues that arise in practice. Clinical ethics can therefore promote ethically sound clinical and organisational practices and decision-making, thereby contributing to health organisation and system quality improvement. In order to develop students’ decision-making skills, as well as prepare them for practice, we decided to introduce a clinical ethics strand within an undergraduate medical curriculum. We designed a programme of clinical ethics activities for teaching and assessment purposes that involved using ethical frameworks to analyse hypothetical and real-life cases in uni- and inter- professional groups. In this paper, we draw on medical student feedback collected over 6 years to illustrate the appeal to students of learning clinical ethics. We also outline the range of benefits for students, healthcare organisations, and the field of clinical ethics arising from tomorrow’s doctors experiencing clinical ethics early in their training. We conclude by briefly reflecting on how including clinical ethics within tomorrow’s doctors curricular can secure and continue future engagement in clinical ethics support services in the UK, alongside the dangers of preparing students for organisational cultures that might not (yet) exist. We anticipate the findings presented in the paper will contribute to wider debates examining the impact of ethics teaching, and its ability to inform future doctors’ practice.
Effects of limited irrigation water volumes on near-isohydric ‘Montepulciano’ vines trained to overhead trellis system
Authors: Silvestroni Oriana , Palliotti Alberto , Di Lena Bruno , Nuzzo Vitale , Sabbatini Paolo , Lattanzi Tania , Lanari Vania 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe thermal increase, due to the changed climatic context, is leading to marked variations in the yield and quality of the grapes and causing an increase in the use of water resources in several viticultural areas. Nevertheless, in some environments, rainfalls are scarce and there is no water availability. In this study, we compared the impact of low water irrigation volumes (DI, replacement of 70% of crop evapotranspiration) with respect to non-irrigated vines (NI), on the physiological, yield and qualitative performances of near-isohydric variety ‘Montepulciano’, trained to overhead trellis system, which requires a high-water supply. The stomatal conductance and photosynthesis values, in basal and median leaves, were higher in DI vines. All NI leaves suffered water stress, showing in the youngest leaves (position 20 and 25 along the main shoot) higher carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C) (− 25.38‰ and 25–25.77‰, respectively). At harvest, DI vines showed yield higher of 30% and 33% than NI vines in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and 18% in 2007. In environments with prolonged water shortage and low water resource, near-isohydric ‘Montepulciano’ vines, trained to overhead trellis system and irrigated with limited volumes, determined a significant improvement of ‘vineyard efficiency’ with a yield of 19.2 t/ha with respect to 13.4 t/ha of NI vines, ensuring also more sugar content (+ 31%), anthocyanin concentration (+ 13%) and polyphenolic substances (+ 8%) than NI vines.
Effects of embedded questions in recorded lectures
Authors: van der Meij Hans , Bӧckmann Linn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOnline video-recorded lectures have become an increasingly more important means for student learning (e.g., in flipped classrooms). However, getting students to process these lectures sufficiently to come to class well-prepared is a challenge for educators. This paper investigates the effectiveness of open-ended embedded questions for accomplishing that. An experiment compared a video-recorded lecture presented online with and without such questions. No feedback was given on responses to the questions. University students (N = 40) viewed the lecture, responded to a questionnaire on self-efficacy and usability, and completed a knowledge test. User logs revealed that the students engaged significantly more with the embedded questions lecture. Engagement was not related to knowledge test results, however. Uniformly high appraisals were given for self-efficacy, usefulness, ease of use and satisfaction. Mean test scores were significantly higher for the embedded questions condition. It is concluded that open-ended embedded questions without feedback can increase the effectiveness of online video-recorded lectures as learning resources.
Fractional flow equation in fractured aquifer using dual permeability model with non-singular kernel
Authors: Agarwal Ritu , Yadav Mahaveer Prasad , Agarwal Ravi P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a finite fractured aquifer, bounded by a stream and impervious layers on the other sides, has been considered. Variation in the level of groundwater is analyzed in confined aquifer for the unsteady flow. The governing differential equation for piezometric head involves the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative operator with respect to time and is based on dual-porosity model with the assumption that the flow from fracture to block is in pseudo steady state. The obtained solutions can be used to anticipate the fluctuations in the waterlevels of the confined aquifer and for the numerical validation of a model in an aquifer.
Human cerebral organoids and consciousness: a double-edged sword
Authors: Lavazza Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman cerebral organoids (HCOs) are three-dimensional in vitro cell cultures that mimic the developmental process and organization of the developing human brain. In just a few years this technique has produced brain models that are already being used to study diseases of the nervous system and to test treatments and drugs. Currently, HCOs consist of tens of millions of cells and have a size of a few millimeters. The greatest limitation to further development is due to their lack of vascularization. However, recent research has shown that human cerebral organoids can manifest the same electrical activity and connections between brain neurons and EEG patterns as those recorded in preterm babies. All this suggests that, in the future, HCOs may manifest an ability to experience basic sensations such as pain, therefore manifesting sentience, or even rudimentary forms of consciousness. This calls for consideration of whether cerebral organoids should be given a moral status and what limitations should be introduced to regulate research. In this article I focus particularly on the study of the emergence and mechanisms of human consciousness, i.e. one of the most complex scientific problems there are, by means of experiments on HCOs. This type of experiment raises relevant ethical issues and, as I will argue, should probably not be considered morally acceptable.