bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unified Linear Viscoelastic Model of the Cell Nucleus Defines the Mechanical Contributions of Lamins and Chromatin
Authors: Wintner Oren , Hirsch‐Attas Nivi , Schlossberg Miriam , Brofman Fani , Friedman Roy , Kupervaser Meital , Kitsberg Danny , Buxboim Amnon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cell nucleus is constantly subjected to externally applied forces. During metazoan evolution, the nucleus has been optimized to allow physical deformability while protecting the genome under load. Aberrant nucleus mechanics can alter cell migration across narrow spaces in cancer metastasis and immune response and disrupt nucleus mechanosensitivity. Uncovering the mechanical roles of lamins and chromatin is imperative for understanding the implications of physiological forces on cells and nuclei. Lamin‐knockout and ‐rescue fibroblasts and probed nucleus response to physiologically relevant stresses are generated. A minimal viscoelastic model is presented that captures dynamic resistance across different cell types, lamin composition, phosphorylation states, and chromatin condensation. The model is conserved at low and high loading and is validated by micropipette aspiration and nanoindentation rheology. A time scale emerges that separates between dominantly elastic and dominantly viscous regimes. While lamin‐A and lamin‐B1 contribute to nucleus stiffness, viscosity is specified mostly by lamin‐A. Elastic and viscous association of lamin‐B1 and lamin‐A is supported by transcriptional and proteomic profiling analyses. Chromatin decondensation quantified by electron microscopy softens the nucleus unless lamin‐A is expressed. A mechanical framework is provided for assessing nucleus response to applied forces in health and disease.
Single‐Cell Encapsulation via Click‐Chemistry Alters Production of Paracrine Factors from Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Oh Byeongtaek , Swaminathan Vishal , Malkovskiy Andrey , Santhanam Sruthi , McConnell Kelly , George Paul M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) properties affect multiple cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, and protein synthesis. Thus, a polymeric‐cell delivery system with the ability to manipulate the extracellular environment can act as a fundamental regulator of cell function. Given the promise of stem cell therapeutics, a method to uniformly enhance stem cell function, in particular trophic factor release, can prove transformative in improving efficacy and increasing feasibility by reducing the total number of cells required. Herein, a click‐chemistry powered 3D, single‐cell encapsulation method aimed at synthesizing a polymeric coating with the optimal thickness around neural progenitor cells is introduced. Polymer encapsulation of neural stem cells significantly increases the release of neurotrophic factors such as VEGF and CNTF. Cell encapsulation with a soft extracellular polymer upregulates the ADCY8‐cAMP pathway, suggesting a mechanism for the increase in paracrine factors. Hence, the described single‐cell encapsulation technique can emerge as a translatable, nonviral cell modulation method and has the potential to improve stem cells' therapeutic effect.
Postoperative hemiparesis due to conversion disorder after moderate sedation: a case report
Authors: Jotwani R. , Turnbull Z. A. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryPeri‐operative conversion disorder that manifests as postoperative muscle weakness is an uncommon diagnosis made through exclusion of neurological, metabolic or iatrogenic aetiologies. We present a case where a patient with a considerable history of physical and psychological trauma suffered from prolonged right‐sided hemiparesis following a breast biopsy under moderate‐to‐deep sedation. Conversion disorder following moderate‐to‐deep sedation has yet to be discussed in the literature, as all previous cases have described postoperative conversion disorder in the setting of general or central neuraxial anaesthesia. Our recommendation is for practitioners to keep conversion disorder on the list of differential diagnoses, despite the depth of sedation or type of anaesthetic utilised, and perform the same detailed neurological, metabolic and psychiatric assessment when considering postoperative weakness.
Facile and eco‐benign synthesis of a novel MnFe2O4@SiO2@Au magnetic nanocomposite with antibacterial properties and enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV and visible‐light irradiations
Authors: Shirzadi‐Ahodashti Mina , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali , Ghoreishi Seyedeh Masoumeh , Naghizadeh Ali , Mortazavi‐Derazkola Sobhan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to prepare novel, inexpensive, eco‐friendly and efficient magnetic nanocomposites for degradation of pollutant from wastewater and their potential antibacterial activity. To reach this goal, we have synthesized magnetic MnFe2O4@SiO2@Au (MnFe@Si@Au) nanocomposites through ultrasound assisted co‐precipitation technique in presence of carbohydrate and Crataegus fruits extract, for the first time. The influence of capping agents including sucrose, glucose, PVA and reducing agents such as C. microphylla and C. pentagyna on the morphology, size, purity, photocatalytic and antibacterial behavior of magnetic nanocomposites were investigated. The FT‐IR, XRD, VSM, EDS, FE‐SEM, TEM and BET analysis were performed to confirm the formation of magnetic nanocomposites. MnFe@Si@Au nanocomposites have shown promising potential in degradation of organic contaminants including rhodamine b (RhB), 2‐naphthol (2‐NPH), methyl violet (MV), erythrosine (ER) and eriochrome black T (EBT) under both radiation conditions. The results show that degradation of the anionic contaminants is more than cationic contaminants under UV and visible irradiations. As well as, these synthesized spherical MnFe@Si@Au nanocomposites show excellent antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis bacteria. In addition to the features mentioned, another prominent feature of this nanocatalyst is retaining their photocatalytic activity after five cycles of utilization.
Structure‐preserving model reduction of port‐Hamiltonian systems based on projection
Authors: Huang Yao , Jiang Yao‐Lin , Xu Kang‐Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider structure‐preserving model reduction for multi‐input multi‐output port‐Hamiltonian systems based on projection. Specifically, we prove that the reduced system, the projection matrix of which is constructed by solving specific Sylvester equations, satisfies the right (or left) tangential interpolation condition and retains the port‐Hamiltonian structure; hence it remains passive. Based on the tangential interpolation, we propose two structure‐preserving model reduction algorithms for port‐Hamiltonian systems and present several numerical examples to illustrate their effectiveness.
Lessons learned from 19 years of high‐resolution X‐ray spectroscopy of galaxy clusters with the reflection grating spectrometer on board XMM‐Newton
Authors: Pinto Ciro , Fabian Andrew C. , Sanders Jeremy S. , de Plaa Jelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe intracluster medium (ICM) contains the vast majority of the baryonic matter in galaxy clusters and is heated to X‐ray radiating temperatures. X‐ray spectroscopy is therefore a key to understanding both the morphology and the dynamics of galaxy clusters. Here we recall crucial evolutionary problems of galaxy clusters unveiled by 19 years of high‐resolution X‐ray spectroscopy with the reflection grating spectrometer (RGS) on board XMM‐Newton. Its exquisite combination of effective area, spectral resolution, and excellent performance over two decades has enabled transformational science and important discoveries such as the lack of strong cooling flows, the constraints on ICM turbulence, and cooling–heating balance. The ability of RGS to resolve individual ICM spectral lines reveals in great detail the chemical enrichment in clusters by supernovae and asymptotic giant branch stars. RGS spectra clearly show that the ICM plasma is overall in thermal equilibrium, which is unexpected given the wealth of energetic phenomena such as jets from supermassive black holes and mergers.
Neural Correlates of Cardiac Interoceptive Focus Across Development: Implications for Social Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Failla Michelle D. , Bryant Lauren K. , Heflin Brynna H. , Mash Lisa E. , Schauder Kimberly , Davis Samona , Gerdes Madison B. , Weitlauf Amy , Rogers Baxter P. , Cascio Carissa J. 
Published: March 2020

Interoception involves the processing of sensory information relevant to physiological functioning and is integral to building self‐awareness, emotional states, and modulating social behaviors. With the role of interoception in emotional processing and social functioning, there is growing interest in characterizing interoception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet, there are mixed results regarding cardiac interoceptive accuracy in ASD. In this study, we explored the neural basis of cardiac interoception using an fMRI heartbeat‐counting task in order to assess neural correlates of primary interoception. We predicted that interoceptive‐specific response in the insula, a “hub” for interoception, would be related to ASD symptomatology. We investigated the relationship of insula responses during cardiac interoceptive focus and a self/caregiver‐reported autism‐related symptom scale (Social Responsiveness Scale‐2 (SRS)). Participants included 46 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age 8–54, mean = 19.43 ± 10.68 years) and 54 individuals with typical development for comparison (TC, age 8–53, mean = 21.43 ± 10.41 years). We found no significant difference in cardiac interoceptive accuracy or neural response to cardiac interoception focus in ASD. Several insula subdivisions had a curvilinear relationship to age, peaking in early adulthood. Interoceptive‐specific insula response was associated with adult self‐report SRS scores; this association differed by diagnostic group and was not present for caregiver‐reported scores. This work suggests that (a) there is no global deficit in cardiac interoception in ASD, but integrating interoceptive cues with social information may distinguish individuals with ASD, and (b) there is a developmental trajectory for interoceptive processing in the insula that may be relevant for socio‐emotional health. Autism Res 2020, 13: 908‐920. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe use internal sensory information from the body, such as signals from the heart, to understand our emotional response to the external world. We measured how accurately people with autism feel their heartbeat and how the brain responds to this type of information. We found no differences between the autism and comparison groups in how the brain senses heartbeats, or in how accurately people feel their heartbeats. However, for people with autism, brain responses while sensing heartbeats were related to social difficulties. This work suggests people with autism may use internal and external information in a different way.
Artificial iron hydrogenase made by covalent grafting of Knölker's complex into xylanase: Application in asymmetric hydrogenation of an aryl ketone in water
Authors: Kariyawasam Kalani , Ghattas Wadih , De Los Santos Yossef López , Doucet Nicolas , Gaillard Sylvain , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Avenier Frédéric , Mahy Jean‐Pierre , Ricoux Rémy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report a new artificial hydrogenase made by covalent anchoring of the iron Knölker's complex to a xylanase S212C variant. This artificial metalloenzyme was found to be able to catalyze efficiently the transfer hydrogenation of the benchmark substrate trifluoroacetophenone by sodium formate in water, yielding the corresponding secondary alcohol as a racemic. The reaction proceeded more than threefold faster with the XlnS212CK biohybrid than with the Knölker's complex alone. In addition, efficient conversion of trifluoroacetophenone to its corresponding alcohol was reached within 60 H with XlnS212CK, whereas a ≈2.5‐fold lower conversion was observed with Knölker's complex alone as catalyst. Moreover, the data were rationalized with a computational strategy suggesting the key factors of the selectivity. These results suggested that the Knölker's complex was most likely flexible and could experience free rotational reorientation within the active‐site pocket of Xln A, allowing it to access the subsite pocket populated by trifluoroacetophenone.
Improving the thermostability and acid resistance of Rhizopus oryzae α‐amylase by using multiple sequence alignment based site‐directed mutagenesis
Authors: Li Song , Yang Qian , Tang Bin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigher thermostability or acid resistance for fungal α‐amylase will help to improve the sugar‐making process and cut down the production costs. Here, the thermostability or acid resistance of Rhizopus oryzae α‐amylase (ROAmy) was significantly enhanced by site‐directed evolution based on multiple sequence alignment (MSA) method. For instance, compared with the wild‐type ROAmy, the optimum temperature of mutants G136D and A144Y was increased from 50 to 55 °C, whereas for mutants V174R and I276P, the optimum temperature was increased from 50 to 60 °C. The optimum pH of mutants G136D and A144Y shifted from 5.5 to 5.0, whereas for mutants V174R and T253E, the optimum pH changed from 5.5 to 4.5. The results showed that mutant V174R had a 2.52‐fold increase in half‐life at 55 °C, a 2.55‐fold increase in half‐life at pH 4.5, and a 1.61‐fold increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) on soluble starch. The three‐dimensional model simulation revealed that changes of hydrophilicity, hydrogen bond, salt bridge, or rigidity observed in mutants might mainly account for the improvement of thermostability and acid resistance. The mutants with improved catalytic properties attained in this work may render an accessible and operable approach for directed evolution of fungal α‐amylase aimed at interesting functions.
Inclusive Inquiry: Student–teacher dialogue as a means of promoting inclusion in schools
Authors: Messiou Kyriaki , Ainscow Mel 
Published: March 2020

This article traces the development of Inclusive Inquiry, a new approach to the promotion of inclusion in schools. It explains how this builds on a programme of research carried out by the authors over a period of 20 years. Central to the approach is dialogue amongst teachers and their students about how to make lessons more inclusive. This involves children becoming researchers who learn how to use research techniques to gather the views of their classmates, as well as observing lessons. The approach was refined as a result of a 3‐year action research study carried out with a network of eight secondary schools, in three European countries. It was then trialled in 30 primary schools, in five European countries. In each country a team of university researchers supported, recorded and analysed the action research as it occurred, using observations, interviews and surveys. The article provides an analysis of the impact on the thinking and practices of teachers, and on the attitudes and engagement of students in learning. It is argued that Inclusive Inquiry is an approach that facilitates dialogues that can lead to transformations of practices and thinking, and the development of inclusive schools. Some of the challenges involved in using the approach in schools are identified.
Anastomotic leakage after elective colorectal surgery: a prospective multicentre observational study on use of the Dutch leakage score, serum procalcitonin and serum C-reactive protein for diagnosis
Authors:   The Italian ColoRectal Anastomotic Leakage (iCral) Study Group, Catarci M , Ruffo G , Borghi F , Patriti A , Delrio P , Scatizzi M , Mancini S , Garulli G , Carrara A , Pirozzi F , Scabini S , Liverani A , Baiocchi G , Campagnacci R , Muratore A , Longo G , Caricato M , Macarone Palmieri R , Vettoretto N , Ciano P , Bertocchi E , Cianflocca D , Lambertini M , Pace U , Baraghini M , Angeloni R , Lucchi A , Tirone G , Sciuto A , Martino A , di Cesare T , Molfino S , Maurizi A , Tomassini F , Capolupo G T , Amodio P , Arici E , Ruggeri B , Guercioni G 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to test use of the Dutch leakage score (DLS), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage (AL) after elective colorectal resection in a prospective observational study.MethodsPatients undergoing elective colorectal resection with anastomosis in 19 centres were enrolled over a 1-year period from September 2017. The DLS and CRP and PCT levels were evaluated on postoperative day (POD) 2, POD3 and POD6. Statistical analysis, including determination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), was performed for the primary endpoint of AL; secondary endpoints were morbidity and mortality rates (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03560180).ResultsAmong 1546 patients enrolled, the AL rate was 4·9 per cent. Morbidity and mortality rates were 30·2 and 1·3 per cent respectively. With respect to AL, DLS performed better than CRP and PTC levels on POD2 and POD3 (AUC 0·75 and 0·84), whereas CRP levels were documented with better AUC values on POD6 (AUC 0·81). Morbidity was poorly predicted, whereas mortality was best predicted by PCT on POD2 (AUC 0·83) and by DLS on POD3 and POD6 (AUC 0·87 and 0·98 respectively). Overall, the combination of positive PCT, CRP and DLS values resulted in a probability of AL of 21·3 per cent on POD2, 33·4 per cent on POD3, and 47·1 per cent on POD6. However, the combination of their negative values excluded AL in 99·0 per cent of cases on POD2, 99·3 per cent on POD3, and 99·2 per cent on POD6.ConclusionDLS and CRP level are good positive and excellent negative predictors of AL; the addition of PCT improved the predictive value for diagnosis of AL.
Disentangling the drivers of renewable energy investments: The role of behavioral factors
Authors: Polemis Michael L. , Spais Achilleas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe scope of this study is to investigate the main determinants of renewable energy investments in Greece. For this reason, we build an appropriate framework to infer the decision‐making process in the renewable energy sources (RES). The main drivers are then categorized under two groups as economic, and behavioral ones. In the next stage, we rely on binomial (logit and probit) and quantile regression analysis to estimate the impact of these factors on investment decisions towards RES. Our findings indicate that investors who gain better access to knowledge and exhibit a more positive attitude towards the contribution of artificial intelligence (AI) on the RES industry have a higher share of renewables in their portfolio. We argue that these investors are willing to invest a higher amount in the RES industry today. At the same time, quantile regression models illustrate that this relationship is nonmonotonic (i.e., inverted U shaped curve), arguing that positive attitudes towards the contribution of behavioral factors on RES are not adequate to encourage investments after crossing a certain point (threshold). Based on the empirical findings, we argue that the message to policymakers and government officials is to promote a faster penetration of low carbon technologies to achieve sustainable economic and social growth.
Diversity in practitioners' perspectives on the implementation of the evidence‐based Triple P—Positive Parenting Program
Authors: Côté Marie‐Kim , Gagné Marie‐Hélène 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEvidence‐based programs (EBPs) have the potential to improve the well‐being of families and children, but do not necessarily produce the expected outcomes when implemented in real‐world settings. It thus appears essential to consider the factors that can impact the implementation process, especially those related to the practitioners who deliver these programs. This study aimed to identify and describe common patterns in practitioners' experience of the implementation of an EBP. To this end, six focus groups were conducted with 38 practitioners from the health, social and education sectors, 1 year after they had received training in the evidence‐based Triple P—Positive Parenting Program. An in‐depth analysis of the content of these interviews revealed a diversity in the practitioners' experience of the implementation of Triple P. Three distinct types of discourse regarding the implementation process, labelled ‘conviction’, ‘mastering’ and ‘estrangement’ discourse, were identified. Motivational theories were used to understand the interaction between the factors that appeared to be key elements differentiating the discourses in this typology (i.e., practitioners' attitudes, perceived organisational support, self‐efficacy and level of program use). This study highlights the dynamic nature of the implementation process, and shows that a negative initial position towards a new EBP can change over time, given the appropriate organisational conditions.
Interactive character posing with efficient collision handling
Authors: Kim Jongmin , Seol Yeongho , Kim Hoemin , Kwon Taesoo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn interactive interface for character posing is important in the field of computer graphics, games, and virtual reality. The inverse kinematics (IK) solver is the most popular approach that satisfies both the kinematic equations and the user‐defined position and orientation constraints on the end‐effectors. In this article, we present a novel interactive IK framework that efficiently handles various types of collisions and the spatial relationship constraints during the character posing process. Based on our method, a desired human pose can be easily obtained while resolving a collision with the environment and maintaining the spatial relationship of body parts. In addition, the character pose is smoothly updated throughout the user manipulation.
A case report revealing acute onset psychosis and cognitive impairment as primary manifestation in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nandy Anirban , Nielsen Michael , Hilt Claudia , Mogensen Poul Henning , Yavarian Yousef 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute psychosis and cognitive impairment is a significant problem in RRMS. As it concerns in relatively young age group, our case report underscores the importance of early recognition which could impose diagnostic challenge in multiple sclerosis.
Kinetics of the Ag/KNO3/CaCO3 Catalyzed Aerobic Propylene Epoxidation and Effects of CO2
Authors: Specht Sarah E. , Phivilay Somphonh P. , Chieregato Alessandro , Nagy Sandor , Kimmich Barbara F. M. , Hermans Ive 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this contribution we investigate the aerobic propylene epoxidation over a Ag/KNO3/CaCO3 catalyst. The catalytic performance and surface speciation of the catalyst depends on the concentrations of feed modifiers such as ethyl chloride and nitric oxide, added to the feed to improve the selectivity by suppressing total combustion to CO2. After a kinetic characterization of the system, we investigate the kinetics in the presence of CO2. We demonstrate that CO2 alters the rate dependence in both reactants, affects the activation of O2, and results in the same maximum rate of propylene oxide formation.