bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of BCL-XL as highly active survival factor and promising therapeutic target in colorectal cancer
Authors: Scherr Anna-Lena , Mock Andreas , Gdynia Georg , Schmitt Nathalie , Heilig Christoph E. , Korell Felix , Rhadakrishnan Praveen , Hoffmeister Paula , Metzeler Klaus H. , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Illert Anna L. , Boerries Melanie , Trojan Jörg , Waidmann Oliver , Falkenhorst Johanna , Siveke Jens , Jost Philipp J. , Bitzer Michael , Malek Nisar P. , Vecchione Loredana , Jelas Ivan , Brors Benedikt , Glimm Hanno , Stenzinger Albrecht , Grekova Svetlana P. , Gehrig Tobias , Schulze-Bergkamen Henning , Jäger Dirk , Schirmacher Peter , Heikenwalder Mathias , Goeppert Benjamin , Schneider Martin , Fröhling Stefan , Köhler Bruno C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, therapeutic approaches overcoming primary and acquired therapy resistance are an urgent medical need. In this study, the efficacy and toxicity of high-affinity inhibitors targeting antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins (BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1) were evaluated. By RNA sequencing analysis of a pan-cancer cohort comprising >1500 patients and subsequent prediction of protein activity, BCL-XL was identified as the only antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein that is overactivated in CRC. Consistently, pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of BCL-XL induced apoptosis in human CRC cell lines. In a combined treatment approach, targeting BCL-XL augmented the efficacy of chemotherapy in vitro, in a murine CRC model, and in human ex vivo derived CRC tissue cultures. Collectively, these data show that targeting of BCL-XL is efficient and safe in preclinical CRC models, observations that pave the way for clinical translation.
Non‐intrusive sensing method of the phasor of system voltage for partial discharge diagnostics
Authors: Li Fei 
Published: October 2020

This study presents a non‐intrusive sensing method to obtain the phasor of system voltage of overhead lines for a mobile partial discharge diagnostics platform; with the phasor, partial discharges detected by the mobile platform can be characterised by statistical phase‐resolved patterns. Firstly, finite‐element analysis simulations were conducted to understand the relations between overhead lines of different configurations and the electric field underneath. With an electric field sensor, the phasor of system voltage can be derived with the aid of a second measurement unit for system frequency. The two measurement units are synchronised by two GPS receivers with 1 pulse per second (PPS) accuracy. The method is based on the wide area measurement principle and was verified by laboratory experiments. Then, the methodology has been deployed in the 132/275/400 kV substation and underneath single‐circuit overhead lines in the field. The phasor of system voltage on an overhead transmission line can be successfully derived, and phase‐resolved partial discharge information can be calculated. This non‐intrusive and mobile methodology is effective and efficient for practical field measurements. The method eliminated the needs of connecting to an on‐site system voltage, and this is of great importance for diagnostics research carried out by mobile platforms.
Maternal-Neonatal Dyad Outcomes of Maternal COVID-19 Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Support: A Case Series
Authors: Douglass K. Marie , Strobel Katie M. , Richley Michael , Mok Thalia , de St Maurice Annabelle , Fajardo Viviana , Young Andrew T. , Rao Rashmi , Lee Lydia , Benharash Peyman , Chu Alison , Afshar Yalda 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to describe two cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and resulting in premature delivery.
Study Design The clinical course of two women hospitalized with ARDS due to COVID-19 care in our intensive care (ICU) is summarized; both participants provided consent to be included in this case series.
Results Both women recovered with no clinical sequelae. Neonatal outcomes were within the realm of expected for prematurity with the exception of coagulopathy. There was no vertical transmission to the neonates.
Conclusion This case series highlights that ECMO is a feasible treatment in the pregnant woman with severe COVID-19 and that delivery can be performed safely on ECMO with no additional risk to the fetus. While ECMO carries its natural risks, it should be considered a viable option during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Key Points
Marking time in lockdown: heroization and ritualization in the UK during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: McCormick Lisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRealism has predominated in discussions about the coronavirus pandemic where politicians, authorities, and commentators debate over the substance and consequence of scientific facts. But while biology played a crucial role in triggering the pandemic, the resulting crisis developed through a social process. In this paper, I argue that the coronavirus pandemic in Britain was successfully framed as a crisis, but that the ritualization of solidarity normally generated by this meaning was compromised. Through an analysis of media coverage and official statements from the government, I trace the discursive construction of the crisis through the deployment of battle metaphors. Building on this discourse analysis, I show how the symbolic alignment of the pandemic and the Second World War revived symbols and tropes that informed the cultural construction of pandemic heroes. To explain why the intensity of the crisis framing was not matched in ritual performance, I consider how the government’s ambiguous policies and erratic social performance produced a state of indefinite liminality, subverting solidarity processes in lockdown. The paper offers insight into the experience of anomie during the pandemic and contributes to the strong program in cultural sociology by incorporating the crisis approach in disaster studies into the social drama framework.
Extremely small twist elastic constants in lyotropic nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Dietrich Clarissa F. , Collings Peter J. , Sottmann Thomas , Rudquist Per , Giesselmann Frank 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceSome soft matter systems behave similarly and some differently. Understanding this is one of the significant challenges in the field. For example, while the splay and bend elastic constants for thermotropic and lyotropic nematic liquid crystals are similar, the twist elastic constant is nearly an order of magnitude smaller in lyotropic nematics. Unfortunately, complete elastic data on lyotropic nematics are restricted to one polymer and two chromonic systems, omitting the most common and highly studied lyotropic surfactant systems. This article reports that a surfactant system of disk-like micelles also possesses an extremely small twist elastic constant, demonstrating that this property is general for lyotropic liquid crystals. The reason likely stems from the higher flexibility of molecular assemblies compared to molecules.
Overparameterized neural networks implement associative memory
Authors: Radhakrishnan Adityanarayanan , Belkin Mikhail , Uhler Caroline 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Development of computational models of memory is a subject of long-standing interest at the intersection of machine learning and neuroscience. Our main finding is that overparameterized neural networks trained using standard optimization methods provide a simple mechanism for implementing associative memory. Remarkably, this mechanism allows for the storage and retrieval of sequences of examples. This finding also sheds light on inductive biases in overparameterized networks: while there are many functions that can achieve zero training loss in the overparameterized regime, our result shows that increasing depth and width in neural networks leads to maps that are more contractive around training examples, thereby allowing for storage and retrieval of more training examples.
Histone H3.3 G34 mutations promote aberrant PRC2 activity and drive tumor progression
Authors: Jain Siddhant U. , Khazaei Sima , Marchione Dylan M. , Lundgren Stefan M. , Wang Xiaoshi , Weinberg Daniel N. , Deshmukh Shriya , Juretic Nikoleta , Lu Chao , Allis C. David , Garcia Benjamin A. , Jabado Nada , Lewis Peter W. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
A high frequency of missense mutations was recently discovered at histone H3.3 glycine 34 in 92% of giant cell tumors of the bone and 17% of high-grade astrocytomas. The molecular mechanism by which G34 mutations drive these tumors remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the G34-mutated “oncohistones” misregulate the negative cross-talk between two histone methyltransferase enzymes, Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and SETD2. G34 mutations uniquely promote PRC2 activity by blocking SETD2-mediated H3K36 methylation at active enhancers and drive a gene expression program that enhances tumor growth. We propose that G34 oncohistones exploit the regulatory mechanisms that fine tune PRC2 activity in human malignancies.
Funneled energy landscape unifies principles of protein binding and evolution
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Wang Jin 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Proteins are responsible for most cellular functions. Naturally occurring proteins are different from random heteropolymers of amino acids since they have evolved to spontaneously fold into native structure and specifically bind with their partners. A fundamental question is how nature selects the sequences that are sculpted to be able to not only fold into native structure but also bind with functional partners. In this work, we evolve the sequences by optimizing the fitness that satisfies both folding and binding requirements. The evolved proteins manifest similar molecular-interaction patterns as naturally occurring proteins. This validates that the principle used by nature via evolution to select protein sequences is the same as the one that governs protein folding and functional binding.
The cytokine MIF controls daily rhythms of symbiont nutrition in an animal–bacterial association
Authors: Koch Eric J. , Bongrand Clotilde , Bennett Brittany D. , Lawhorn Susannah , Moriano-Gutierrez Silvia , Pende Marko , Vadiwala Karim , Dodt Hans-Ulrich , Raible Florian , Goldman William , Ruby Edward G. , McFall-Ngai Margaret 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceDaily biological rhythms are fundamental, evolutionarily conserved features of many symbioses. Here we use the binary squid–vibrio association, the simplicity of which has offered the resolution to explore strategies of symbiosis that are shared with more complex systems, such as those of mammals. We demonstrate a pivotal role for an evolutionarily conserved cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, or MIF, which is abundant in epithelia supporting the symbionts of both the squid light organ and the mammalian gut. In the mature squid association, MIF regulates the cyclic metabolic dialogue that underlies oscillations in host-provided symbiont nutrients. As such, this study integrates the role of MIF across two distinct time scales: the host’s life history and its daily rhythms.
3D dose distribution measurement using 2D imaging from NaCl optical crystals
Authors: Chapsky A , Spooner N A , Santos A , Rutten T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In radiotherapy practice, 1D and 2D dosimeters are used for dose verification prior to patient treatment. Along with high accuracy and precision of dose measurements that these dosimeters provide, acquisition of dose deposition data in three dimensions requires extrapolation of measured data. Development of a 3D dosimeter would provide continuous information of dose distribution in matter. In this work, NaCl 3D crystal has shown that radiation deposition can be imaged using blue laser stimulation in two dimensions. It was further shown that the intensity of collected signal has near – linear dose dependence, however complete signal readout is required, to compensate for gradual signal collection at different depths along the profile of the stimulating laser beam, due to attenuation of the beam within the crystal. A method to extend dose measurement to three dimensions using imaging is proposed.
Knowledge-driven deep neural network models for brain tumour segmentation
Authors: Colecchia F , Ruffle J K , Pombo G C , Gray R , Hyare H , Nachev P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Image segmentation is a computer vision task aiming to establish a probabilistic mapping between individual pixels (2D) or voxels (3D) in an input image and a set of predefined semantic categories with reference to domain-specific knowledge. When applied to medical images, e.g. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), it allows delineation between healthy and abnormal tissue. Despite challenges due to lesion morphological heterogeneity, segmentation of brain tumours has the potential to streamline otherwise time-consuming manual annotation. Whereas brain tumour segmentation has continually advanced incorporating innovative deep learning methods, heuristics normally employed by radiologists have often been neglected. The focus of nearly all tumour segmentation articles thus far on 3D isotropic research-grade scans has also led to results of unknown generalisability to hospital-quality data. In order to address these gaps, this study has coalesced modern deep learning methods and clinical-driven priors into an optimised segmentation pipeline evaluated on clinical data at a large neurology and neurosurgery tertiary centre.
Effective treatment of metastatic cancer by an innovative intratumoral alpha particle-mediated radiotherapy in combination with immunotherapy: A short review
Authors: Keisari Y , Popovtzer A , Kelson I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Alpha radiation is a lethal form of radiation whose short range limits its use for cancer treatment. A unique intra-tumoral alpha radiation-based tumor ablation treatment termed Diffusing Alpha emitters Radiation Therapy (DaRT) was developed and tested for tumor ablation and stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. Radium-224 loaded wires (Alpha DaRT seeds) are inserted into the tumors and release by recoil short-lived alpha-emitting atoms. These atoms disperse in the tumor at least 5 mm from the source and spray it with highly destructive alpha radiation. DaRT was found to destroy solid malignant tumors experimental animals and in patients with cutaneous malignancies. Tumor destruction resulted in activation of specific antitumor immunity. DaRT provides, for the first time, an efficient method for treatment of the entire volume of solid tumors by alpha radiation, and could be used not only as a local treatment but also as a therapeutic strategy to induce strong systemic antitumor immune responses, which will eliminate residual disease and metastases in distant sites. This combined treatment modality holds significant potential for the treatment of non-resectable human cancers.
Water or Medium: Dose Specification in Trials and Real Life
Authors: Kron T , Hardcastle N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Radiation dose is the therapeutic agent in radiotherapy where the objective is to maximise radiation dose to a target while minimising the dose to surrounding healthy tissues. Dose in this context is typically associated with the quantity “absorbed dose” as energy deposited per unit mass and measured in J/kg of tissue. However, even if high doses are delivered (no stochastic distribution considered) and photon or electron radiation is considered (no neutrons or heavy charged particles), there will be differences in the actual dose delivered to different tissue types as the stopping power for the electrons that deliver the vast majority of dose varies with elemental composition. Historically, radiation beam calibration and dose calculations were performed in water as a readily available, easily standardised material that closely matches the radiation properties of many human tissues. However, many superior dose calculation algorithms that have recently become available due to improved computer power (Monte Carlo Calculations, Acuros) calculate dose as deposited in the medium. The present paper examines arguments for both and proposes that based on the current scientific and political developments specification of dose as dose to medium would be the more robust and future proof choice.
An Avalanche confinement TEPC as connecting bridge from micro to nanodosimetry
Authors: Mazzucconi D. , Bortot D. , Pola A. , Agosteo S. , Selva A. , Colautti P. , Conte V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is recognized today that the observable radiobiological effects of ionizing radiations are strongly correlated to the clustering of damages in micrometer- and nanometer-sized subcellular structures, hence to the particle track structure. The characteristic properties of track structure are directly measurable nowadays with bulky experimental apparatuses, which cannot be easily operated in a clinical environment. It is therefore interesting to investigate the feasibility of new portable detectors able to characterize the real therapeutic beams. With this in mind, a novel avalanche-confinement Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) was constructed for simulating nanometric sites down to 25 nm. Experimental cluster size distributions measured with this TEPC were compared with Monte Carlo simulations of the same experiment and with cluster size distributions measured with the Startrack nanodosimeter.
Towards a compact experimental setup for gas-based microdosimetry
Authors: Selva A , Bianchi A , Colautti P , Conte V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microdosimetry measures the stochastics of imparted energy at the micrometre scale, and is a reliable experimental technique to monitor complex radiation fields such as those used in hadron therapy. At the Legnaro National Laboratories of INFN, miniaturized gas-based microdosimeters were developed specifically for this kind of applications. However, their use outside research facilities has been hindered by the encumbrance of the gas-flow system which is used to preserve gas purity and of the high-resolution analog electronic chain. To overcome this drawback, a new detector designed to work without gas flow was developed recently. The stability and reproducibility of its response in sealed conditions were studied in two measuring shifts one year apart from each other, both with the analog electronic chain and with a compact digital acquisition system. Preliminary results confirm the possibility to operate the detector with a very compact experimental setup, which could be a major advantage in clinical facilities.
Dual MRI-SPECT imaging system realized with Timepix pixel detector inserted into MR small animal scanner
Authors: Zajicek J , Burian M , Ters J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Although MRI and SPECT are routine tools in medical imaging individually, the combination of these two modalities in multimodal imaging is still unexplored. By hybridizing high-resolution anatomical with functional imaging, combined MRI-SPECT could be a valuable addition to existing medical imaging methods, reducing overall scanning time and image co-registration errors. In contrast to PET, SPECT offers a cost-efficient range of applicable radioisotopes. This proof-of-principle study shows a modified experimental MRI-SPECT insert system consisting of an MR-compatible SPECT unit with hybrid semiconductor detectors Timepix. The insert system is equipped with CdTe pixelated sensors, tungsten collimators and a radiofrequency coil (RF). To increase the number of projections acquired, the setup is also equipped with an electromagnetic step motor Microcon SX 16-0503 for a sample rotation. Measurements were performed our own invented multimodal (1H/99mTc) inhomogeneous phantom filled with a liquid 99mTc radiotracer, emitting 140.5 keV γ-rays inside the RF coil by the Bruker BioSpec 47/20 (4.7 T) MR animal scanner. For the evaluation of measured data, SPECT-back projection software was developed in Matlab. Our results pave the way for a preclinical MRI-SPECT insert system. This research was performed in the framework of the Medipix Collaboration.
Sex Differences in the Relationship Between High-Risk Drinking and the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index: An Analysis Using 2013 and 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Authors: Lee Yea-Chan , Park Byong Jin , Lee Jun-Hyuk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was developed to evaluate excessive drinking in primary care. The triglyceride (TG) glucose (TyG) index is a novel marker used for assessing insulin resistance. We sought to document relationships between high-risk drinking according to AUDIT and the TyG index and to evaluate whether the TyG index is more correlated with high-risk drinking than TG or fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

Methods
We analyzed data for 7014 participants in the 2013 and 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Excessive drinking risk groups were categorized according to AUDIT scores (low-risk, 0–7 in men and 0–6 in women; moderate-risk, 8–14 in men and 7–12 in women; and high-risk, ≥15 in men and ≥13 in women).

Results
In men, compared with low-risk individuals, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for higher TyG index values were 1.84 (1.16–2.93) in the moderate- and 2.82 (1.86–4.30) in the high-risk groups. The correlation coefficient for the TyG index and AUDIT score was significantly higher than those for TG and FPG. No significant associations were noted in women.

Conclusion
High-risk drinking is significantly associated with higher TyG index values in men only. The TyG index can be a novel marker for assessing high-risk drinking in men.
Regression-Based Norms for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure in a Portuguese Adult Population
Authors: Vicente Selene G , Ramos-Usuga Daniela , Barbosa Fernando , Gaspar Nuno , Dores Artemisa R , Rivera Diego , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
The principal goal of this study was to produce adjusted normative data for European Portuguese native speakers from Portugal on 2 neuropsychological tests widely used to assess learning and memory: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF).

Method
The study included 300 individuals aged 18–92 years (M = 50.4, SD = 21.2), who had educational backgrounds ranging from 3 to 25 years (M = 10.4, SD = 5.2).

Results
Age, education, and sex were significantly associated with HVLT-R and ROCF performance. These demographic variables accounted for 61% of the variance in HVLT-R total recall, 54% in HVLT-R delayed recall, 18% in HVLT-R recognition, 55% in ROCF copy, and 39% in ROCF immediate recall.

Conclusions
The normative data are presented as regression-based algorithms to adjust direct and derived test scores for age, education, and sex. This study provides a calculator of normative data derived from the results of the regression models.