bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A importância do magnésio na doença cardiovascular
Authors: Ramirez Ana Valeria Garcia 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOEste trabalho é uma revisão de literatura que teve como objetivo descrever a Importância do Magnésio na Doença Cardiovascular. Foram realizadas compilações bibliográficas sobre artigos científicos originais e de revisão em revistas indexadas. O trabalho descreveu que o íon magnésio está envolvido em mais de 300 reações enzimáticas do organismo, possuindo propriedades anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes e moduladoras do crescimento celular com a função de reduzir o estresse oxidativo. A deficiência do magnésio está associada à síndrome metabólica, hipertensão, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, diabetes melittus e arritmias. Concluiu-se que o magnésio por ter função de relaxar a musculatura lisa dos vasos cardíacos, dilata as coronárias, melhora a contratilidade do miocárdio, reduz os riscos de espasmos coronarianos e inibe a agregação plaquetária, aumentando a relação prostaciclina/ tromboxano. Como possui um efeito dilatador, diminui a pressão arterial. Tem função estabilizante do ritmo cardíaco. Desempenhando assim um importante papel nas doenças cardiovasculares.
Doença celíaca e introdução do glúten na dieta infantil: avaliação dos riscos e benefícios
Authors: Cavinatto José Nélio 
Published: February 2020

RESUMODoença celíaca (DC) é uma doença sistêmica, imunomediada, provocada pela ingestão de glúten e que ocorre em indivíduos geneticamente suscetíveis. O risco de indução de DC pela dieta infantil contendo glúten, aplica-se exclusivamente a estes indivíduos, isto é, aqueles que apresentam pelo menos um alelo de risco para essa doença. Como normalmente não se sabe se a criança se enquadra neste critério, no momento da introdução das papinhas de cereais, as recomendações em relação aos riscos e benefícios, decorrentes do modo de introdução de glúten se aplicam para todas elas.Em 2008, o Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) recomendava evitar a introdução de glúten na dieta infantil, antes de 4 meses e após 7 meses de idade, e introduzir glúten enquanto a criança estava sendo amamentada. Novas evidências fizeram a ESPHIGAN revisar estas recomendações.Embora o aleitamento materno deva ser estimulado devido a outros grandes benefícios, nem ao aleitamento materno, nem a introdução de glúten durante a amamentação, parece diminuir o risco de DC na infância. Glúten pode ser introduzido na dieta infantil entre 4 e 12 meses de idade. Dados de estudos observacionais apontam a associação entre quantidade de glúten ingerida e risco de DC. Consumo de grandes quantidades de glúten deve ser evitado nas primeiras semanas, após sua introdução na dieta, bem como durante a infância. A quantidade ideal, entretanto, não está estabelecida.
Indicações e contra-indicações no transplante hepático pediátrico
Authors: Porta Gilda , Tofoli Marise H C 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOAvanços nas técnicas cirúrgicas e nos imunossupressores propiciaram melhor prognósticos dos pacientes eleitos para transplante hepático pediátrico. Muitas dúvidas ainda surgem quanto as indicações de transplante. É importante ressaltar que na infância o tempo de desconpensação hepática pode ocorrer de forma mais rápida que no adulto. E os principais sintomas são : colestase progressiva, encefalopatia, ascite, sangramento por varizes de esôfago, síndrome hepatopulmonar, desnutrição, infecções de repetição, disfunção hepática, prurido incapacitante e retardo no crescimento e desenvolvimento.
Patterns of deictic expressions in Hungarian motion event
descriptions
Authors: Eguchi Kiyoko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter aims to examine how deictic notions
(Deixis) are expressed in Hungarian motion event descriptions.
Hungarian is one of the languages in which Path is
expressed in satellites and other “head-external elements” (Matsumoto 2017) (i.e.
elements outside the main verb root). However, this does not apply
to Deixis, although it is often regarded as a component of Path
(Talmy 2000). Deixis
in Hungarian is expressed in interesting ways, differently from
Talmy’s non-deictic Path notions (e.g. UP, INTO). It can be
expressed in the main verb root, where Manner can also be expressed,
or outside the main verb root, where Path can be expressed. In
addition, different deictic elements can co-occur, and a (seemingly)
identical notion can be specified in more than one slot in the same
clause. The present chapter discusses the kinds of constraints that
are placed on the use of each type of deictic expression, and
investigates the circumstances under which expressions are chosen
for use in descriptions of self-motion, caused motion, and the
fictive motion of vision.
Κλέα ἀνδρῶν
Authors: González Vaquerizo Helena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Heavy metal is the genre of popular music which probably has the
greater presence of motifs of the classical tradition. But why are classical
heroes ‘heavies’? By analysing some of the characteristics of the genre,
this study indicates that the theme of the hero would seem to find a close
connection with heavy metal’s ideological and aesthetic preferences. Besides
that, this paper offers the example of works having different kinds of
classical heroes: epic heroes, tragic heroes and adventurers. By doing so,
it aims to suggest a meaningful dialogue between antiquity and modernity
where the latter either reinforces or contests established values from the
former.
The Videogame Hero in his Labyrinth
Authors: Macías Villalobos Cristóbal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper we analyze the main features of some of the most
popular videogame characters in the recent years (that is to say, heroes,
villains and antiheroes), compared to classical Greco-Roman heroes, after
reflecting on the consequences of the fact that a videogame hero only comes
to life as an player’s avatar who gets into the skin of the hero through the
controls of the gamepad, usually in a single experience.
Towards a pedagogical linguistics
Authors: Hudson Richard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pedagogical linguistics is a two-way bridge between linguistics and education, carrying information not only from
linguistics to education, but also in the other direction, where linguistics needs to explore the impact of education on language.
The paper reviews the history of this bridge, and especially in the 19th and 20th centuries, arguing that the bridge worked well
in the 19th but that it disintegrated in the 20th with the rise of linguistics and education as distinct research fields. The
challenge for the 21st century is to rebuild it in a sustainable way.
Discourse particle position and information structure
Authors: Mithun Marianne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Discourse markers differ cross-linguistically not
only in their functions but also in their positions within the
sentence. Some are sentence-initial, some are sentence-final, and
some occur in what has been termed the ‘middle-field’. But many
appear simply in second position in the sentence. In many cases the
positions of the markers can be explained in terms of the source
constructions from which they emerged. Here one likely pathway of
development is traced in Mohawk, indigenous to North America,
illustrated with a pervasive marker of discourse coherence. Patterns
in the modern language suggest that it and others emerged from
marked information structures, which, over time, evolved into basic
clause structures via familiar mechanisms of grammaticalization.
The discourse marker hani in Turkish
Authors: Akar Didar , Öztürk Balkız 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study is dedicated to the Turkish discourse
marker hani, which exhibits three kinds of use. It
appears in interrogative sentences with a wh-question intonation. In
these cases, the use of hani indicates that the
context provides counter evidence for the belief /expectations of
the speaker and the speaker demands an account for it from the
hearer. Hani also appears at the beginning of
clauses ending with the particle ya. Those
utterances are questions demanding an answer from the hearer and
reminding the speaker’s belief or expectation, which the hearer is
expected to corroborate. Finally, hani can appear
in declarative clauses expressing the same value of reminding the
hearer of a belief of the speaker. The common core of all three uses
is the notion of shared knowledge: hani is used for the sake of
Common Ground management. Drawing on previous research on negative
polar questions as well as inner negation and outer negation in
questions, we show that utterances including hani
with wh-question intonation involve a negation and a question
operator and show an “inner negation” reading. Hani…
ya utterances are compatible with the outer negation
reading of negative polar questions and demand neutral contexts or
positive evidence. Declarative hani is incompatible
with contexts that provide negative evidence, but felicitous in
neutral and positive contexts.
Professional, ethical, and policy dimensions of public service interpreting and translation in New
Zealand
Authors: Enríquez Raído Vanessa , Crezee Ineke , Ridgeway Quintin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article reviews the practical, ethical, and policymaking dimensions of public service interpreting and
translation in New Zealand. It shows that the country has had a limited tradition in translation and interpreting and that
historically bilingual community members have been asked to perform T&I without specific training. Our review also reveals
that several factors may explain the ongoing use of non-professionals across public settings: the availability of bilingual staff
and community volunteers, the misrecognition of the T&I role, difficulties around procurement of highly skilled practitioners,
and cost concerns. Policymakers and other members of the community have identified that these factors can negatively impact
quality standards and professional ethics, as seen in the government’s recent initiative to regulate and professionalize the
sector. We report on this initiative and our advisory role concerning the endorsement of a teleological approach to professional
ethics.
Effects of Bi incorporation on recombination processes in wurtzite GaBiAs nanowires
Authors: Zhang B , Jansson M , Chen P-P , Wang X-J , Chen W M , Buyanova I A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The effects of Bi incorporation on the recombination process in wurtzite (WZ) GaBiAs nanowires are studied by employing micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) and time-resolved PL spectroscopies. It is shown that at low temperatures (T < 75 K) Bi-induced localization effects cause trapping of excitons within band-tail states, which prolongs their lifetime and suppresses surface nonradiative recombination (SNR). With increasing temperature, the trapped excitons become delocalized and their lifetime rapidly shortens due to facilitated SNR. Furthermore, Bi incorporation in the GaBiAs NW is found to have a minor influence on the surface states responsible for SNR.
Controlling sudden transition from classical to quantum decoherence via non-equilibrium environments
Authors: Basit Abdul , Ali Hamad , Badshah Fazal , Yang Xiao-Fei , Ge Guo-Qin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We investigate the freezing and sudden transition in the dynamical behavior of quantum and classical correlations in a system composed of two identical non-interacting qubits locally subjected to their own non-equilibrium environments. In contrast to the equilibrium case, one can observe striking results when a bipartite quantum system couples with the non-equilibrium dephasing environment with non-stationary and non-Markovian features. Remarkably, the finite time interval in which the quantum correlation remains impervious to decoherence can be further prolonged as the environment deviates from equilibrium. This reveals that the non-equilibrium parameter provides an alternative tool to efficiently control the appearance of a sudden transition in the decay rates of correlations and their immunity towards the decoherence. Furthermore, for certain initial states, the appearance of another time-interval over which quantum correlation remains constant and the revival of classical correlation not only depends on the non-Markovianity but also on the non-equilibrium parameter.
Numerical modelling of non-fullerene organic solar cell with high dielectric constant ITIC-OE acceptor
Authors: Nithya K S , Sudheer K S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The low dielectric constant of organic semiconductors has been a limiting factor in the organic photovoltaics. Non-Fullerene Acceptor Bulk Heterojunction (NFA-BHJ) organic solar cells with high dielectric constant acceptors have been gaining a lot of attention. No simulation work has been done on NFA-BHJ organic solar cell with a high dielectric constant acceptor so far to study the influence of various material parameters on the device performance. In this work, a comprehensive device modelling of the conventional structure of NFA-BHJ with poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2- yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T)as the polymer donor and (3,9-bis(2-methylene- (3-(1,1 -dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetraki(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno [2,3-d:2,3-d]-s-indaceno [1,2-b:5,6-b]dithiophene)) with Oligo-Ethylene side chain (ITIC-OE) as the non-fullerene acceptor is performed. We did a detailed analysis on the impact of technological parameters on the cell performance and optimized the device characteristics to produce improved efficiency. Numerical simulation is done using SCAPS 1-D program and the validity of simulated output has been verified by comparing with the measurements from reported literature. Optimization of the device parameters produced an improved device performance with an open circuit voltage of 0.9562 V , short circuit current density of mA cm−2 , Fill factor of 69.75% and a power conversion efficiency of 11% . The results are encouraging to develop NFA-BHJ organic solar cells with high dielectric constant acceptors in the near future.
Microvascular Phenotyping in the Maastricht Study: Design and Main Findings, 2010–2018
Authors: Li Wenjie , Schram Miranda T , Sörensen Ben M , van Agtmaal Marnix J M , Berendschot Tos T J M , Webers Carroll A B , Jansen Jacobus F A , Backes Walter H , Gronenschild Ed H B M , Schalkwijk Casper G , Stehouwer Coen D A , Houben Alfons J H M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is a common pathophysiological change that occurs in various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), heart failure, dementia, and depression. Recent technical advances have enabled noninvasive measurement and quantification of microvascular changes in humans. In this paper, we describe the protocols of the microvascular measurements applied in the Maastricht Study, an ongoing prospective, population-based cohort study of persons aged 40–75 years being carried out in the southern part of the Netherlands (baseline data assessment, November 2010–January 2020). The study includes a variety of noninvasive measurements in skin, retina, brain, and sublingual tissue, as well as plasma and urine biomarker assessments. Following this, we summarize our main findings involving these microvascular measurements through the end of 2018. Finally, we provide a brief perspective on future microvascular investigations within the framework of the Maastricht Study.
Step-Specific Simulation: The Utility of 3D Printing for the Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Learning Needs-Based Rhinoplasty Simulator
Authors: Zammit Dino , Safran Tyler , Ponnudurai Nirros , Jaberi Mehrad , Chen Liang , Noel Geoffroy , Gilardino Mirko S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Rhinoplasty is a complex procedure that requires meticulous planning and precise execution. Plastic surgeons involved in teaching residents must balance a trainee’s hands-on experience while ensuring appropriate execution of difficult maneuvers. Surgical simulation, a field of growing importance with the shift towards competency-based education, may aid in trainee skill development. Through the concept of deliberate practice, the authors looked to explore the utility and economics of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology to develop a step-specific rhinoplasty simulator.

Objectives
The main objective of this study was to address rhinoplasty skills previously identified as “learning areas of weakness” and develop a low-cost, step-specific simulator to help rhinoplasty teaching.

Methods
A patient’s facial bones, upper and lower lateral cartilages, and septum were segmented from a computed tomography scan and rendered in 3D format. This was 3D printed utilizing Ultimaker Polylactic filament with a polyvinyl acetate dissolvable support for bone, a mixture of Rigur 450 and Tango plus polyjet material for cartilage, and Smooth-On Dragon Skin for skin.

Results
A modular simulator was developed with 3 separate, interchangeable components with a perfect fit design. The simulator allowed for deliberate practice of the 5 rhinoplasty learning areas of weakness, with a maximal recurring cost of $75 CAD.

Conclusions
Through the employment of 3D printing, a low-cost, maneuver-specific rhinoplasty simulator reinforcing deliberate practice was developed. This concept of simulation-based deliberate practice may be of increasing interest when considering the implementation of competency-based curricular standards in plastic surgery education.
20-year longitudinal follow-up of measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Pottel Hans , Delay Agnès , Maillard Nicolas , Mariat Christophe , Delanaye Pierre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The slopes of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations are used in the longitudinal follow-up of transplant patients. A 30% reduction in eGFR over 2 years is often used to predict the subsequent risk of mortality or end-stage renal disease. Whether, at the individual level, such changes in eGFR correspond to changes in measured GFR (mGFR) is actually unknown.

Methods
The performance of serum creatinine–based eGFR equations was compared with mGFR during the longitudinal follow-up of 20 years in a monocentric study of 417 transplanted patients.

Results
The accuracy within 30% for the eGFR equations varied between 70 and 75%. All eGFR equations showed a similar pattern, very like the mGFR time profiles. Individual changes (slopes) of mGFR or eGFR were predictive of graft loss in the next months or years, following the decline in GFR, with no evidence for a difference. However, although the tendency is the same as for mGFR, the percentage of transplant patients with a &gt;30% GFR decrease in the last period before graft loss is significantly lower for eGFR than for mGFR, with discordant results from mGFR in ~25% of the cases.

Conclusions
All eGFR equations showed similar trends as mGFR, but eGFR predictions may not be very useful at the individual patient level.
Prognostic impact of circumferential resection margin in esophageal cancer with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Liu C-Y , Hsu P-K , Hsu H-S , Wu Y-C , Chuang C-Y , Lin C-H , Hsu C-P 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe prognostic impact of circumferential resection margin (CRM) in surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been controversial. This investigation assessed the prognostic impact of CRM in surgically resected pathologic T3 ESCC patients with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). We reviewed consecutive p/yp T3 ESCC patients undergoing esophagectomy from two medical centers between January 2009 and December 2016. The cohort was divided into two groups: upfront esophagectomy (upfront surgery) and nCRT followed by esophagectomy (nCRT + surgery). CRM status was assessed and divided into CRM &gt; 1 mm, 0 &lt; CRM &lt; 1 mm, and tumor at CRM. A total of 217 p/yp T3 ESCC patients undergoing esophagectomy (138 patients in the upfront surgery group and 79 in the nCRT + surgery group) were enrolled. In the upfront surgery group, patients with 0 &lt; CRM &lt; 1 mm showed equivalent overall survival to those with CRM &gt; 1 mm (log-rank P = 0.817) and significantly outlived those with tumor at CRM (log-rank P &lt; 0.001). However, in the nCRT + surgery group, CRM &gt; 1 mm failed to show survival superiority to CRM between 0 and 1 mm or involved by cancer (log-rank P = 0.390). In conclusion, a negative CRM, even though being &lt;1 mm, is adequate for pT3 ESCC patients undergoing upfront esophagectomy. In contrast, the CRM status is less prognostic in ypT3 ESCC patients undergoing nCRT followed by esophagectomy.
Genome-wide assessment of genetic risk for systemic lupus erythematosus and disease severity
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Wang Yong-Fei , Liu Lu , Bielowka Adrianna , Ahmed Rahell , Zhang Huoru , Tombleson Phil , Roberts Amy L , Odhams Christopher A , Cunninghame Graham Deborah S , Zhang Xuejun , Yang Wanling , Vyse Timothy J , Morris David L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using three European and two Chinese genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we investigated the performance of genetic risk scores (GRSs) for predicting the susceptibility and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using renal disease as a proxy for severity. We used four GWASs to test the performance of GRS both cross validating within the European population and between European and Chinese populations. The performance of GRS in SLE risk prediction was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We then analyzed the polygenic nature of SLE statistically. We also partitioned patients according to their age-of-onset and evaluated the predictability of GRS in disease severity in each age group. We found consistently that the best GRS in the prediction of SLE used SNPs associated at the level of P &lt; 1e−05 in all GWAS data sets and that SNPs with P-values above 0.2 were inflated for SLE true positive signals. The GRS results in an area under the ROC curve ranging between 0.64 and 0.72, within European and between the European and Chinese populations. We further showed a significant positive correlation between a GRS and renal disease in two independent European GWAS (Pcohort1 = 2.44e−08; Pcohort2 = 0.00205) and a significant negative correlation with age of SLE onset (Pcohort1 = 1.76e−12; Pcohort2 = 0.00384). We found that the GRS performed better in the prediction of renal disease in the ‘later onset’ compared with the ‘earlier onset’ group. The GRS predicts SLE in both European and Chinese populations and correlates with poorer prognostic factors: young age-of-onset and lupus nephritis.