bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemics with mutating infectivity on small-world networks
Authors: Rüdiger Sten , Plietzsch Anton , Sagués Francesc , Sokolov Igor M. , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpidemics and evolution of many pathogens occur on similar timescales so that their dynamics are often entangled. Here, in a first step to study this problem theoretically, we analyze mutating pathogens spreading on simple SIR networks with grid-like connectivity. We have in mind the spatial aspect of epidemics, which often advance on transport links between hosts or groups of hosts such as cities or countries. We focus on the case of mutations that enhance an agent’s infection rate. We uncover that the small-world property, i.e., the presence of long-range connections, makes the network very vulnerable, supporting frequent supercritical mutations and bringing the network from disease extinction to full blown epidemic. For very large numbers of long-range links, however, the effect reverses and we find a reduced chance for large outbreaks. We study two cases, one with discrete number of mutational steps and one with a continuous genetic variable, and we analyze various scaling regimes. For the continuous case we derive a Fokker-Planck-like equation for the probability density and solve it for small numbers of shortcuts using the WKB approximation. Our analysis supports the claims that a potentiating mutation in the transmissibility might occur during an epidemic wave and not necessarily before its initiation.
The unique social sense of puerperium: Increased empathy and Schadenfreude in parents of newborns
Authors: Gómez-Carvajal Ana-María , Santamaría-García Hernando , García Adolfo M. , Valderrama Mario , Mejia Jhony , Santamaría-García Jose , Bernal Mateo , Silva Jaime , Ibáñez Agustín , Baez Sandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPregnancy and puerperium are typified by marked biobehavioral changes. These changes, which are traceable in both mothers and fathers, play an important role in parenthood and may modulate social cognition abilities. However, the latter effects remain notably unexplored in parents of newborns (PNs). To bridge this gap, we assessed empathy and social emotions (envy andSchadenfreude) in 55 PNs and 60 controls (childless healthy participants without a romantic relationship or sexual intercourse in the previous 48 hours). We used facial electromyography to detect physiological signatures of social emotion processing. Results revealed higher levels of affective empathy andSchadenfreudein PNs, the latter pattern being accompanied by increased activity of thecorrugator supperciliiregion. These effects were not explained by potential confounding variables (educational level, executive functioning, depression, stress levels, hours of sleep). Our novel findings suggest that PNs might show social cognition changes crucial for parental bonding and newborn care.
Mechanobiological regulation of placental trophoblast fusion and function through extracellular matrix rigidity
Authors: Ma Zhenwei , Sagrillo-Fagundes Lucas , Mok Stephanie , Vaillancourt Cathy , Moraes Christopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe syncytiotrophoblast is a multinucleated layer that plays a critical role in regulating functions of the human placenta during pregnancy. Maintaining the syncytiotrophoblast layer relies on ongoing fusion of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts throughout pregnancy, and errors in this fusion process are associated with complications such as preeclampsia. While biochemical factors are known to drive fusion, the role of disease-specific extracellular biophysical cues remains undefined. Since substrate mechanics play a crucial role in several diseases, and preeclampsia is associated with placental stiffening, we hypothesize that trophoblast fusion is mechanically regulated by substrate stiffness. We developed stiffness-tunable polyacrylamide substrate formulations that match the linear elasticity of placental tissue in normal and disease conditions, and evaluated trophoblast morphology, fusion, and function on these surfaces. Our results demonstrate that morphology, fusion, and hormone release is mechanically-regulated via myosin-II; optimal on substrates that match healthy placental tissue stiffness; and dysregulated on disease-like and supraphysiologically-stiff substrates. We further demonstrate that stiff regions in heterogeneous substrates provide dominant physical cues that inhibit fusion, suggesting that even focal tissue stiffening limits widespread trophoblast fusion and tissue function. These results confirm that mechanical microenvironmental cues influence fusion in the placenta, provide critical information needed to engineer better in vitro models for placental disease, and may ultimately be used to develop novel mechanically-mediated therapeutic strategies to resolve fusion-related disorders during pregnancy.
Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris
Authors: Heng Anna Hwee Sing , Chew Fook Tim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA systematic review was conducted on epidemiology studies on acne obtained from a Web of Science search to study risk factors associated with acne presentation and severity. A strong association was observed between several risk factors – family history, age, BMI and skin type – and acne presentation or severity in multiple studies. The pooled odds ratio of 2.36 (95% CI 1.97–2.83) for overweight/obese BMI with reference to normal/underweight BMI and the pooled odds ratio of 2.91 (95% CI 2.58–3.28) for family history in parents with reference to no family history in parents demonstrate this strong association. In addition, a pooled odds ratio of 1.07 (95% CI 0.42–2.71) was obtained for sex (males with reference to females). However, the association between other factors, such as dietary factors and smoking, and acne presentation or severity was less clear, with inconsistent results between studies. Thus, further research is required to understand how these factors may influence the development and severity of acne. This study summarizes the potential factors that may affect the risk of acne presentation or severe acne and can help researchers and clinicians to understand the epidemiology of acne and severe acne. Furthermore, the findings can direct future acne research, with the hope of gaining insight into the pathophysiology of acne so as to develop effective acne treatments.
Effects of Trans, Trans-2,4-decadienal on the Ions Currents of Cardiomyocytes: Possible Mechanisms of Arrhythmogenesis Induced by Cooking-oil Fumes
Authors: Jhuo Shih-Jie , Liu I-Hsin , Tsai Wei-Chung , Lee Kun-Tai , Wu Bin-Nan , Lai Wen-Ter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHousehold air pollution has adverse effects on cardiovascular health. One of the major sources of household air pollutants is the combustion of cooking oils during cooking. Trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE) is a type of dienaldehyde that is present in a wide range of food and food products. It is a byproduct of the peroxidation of linoleic acid following the heating of oil during cooking. The mechanisms of the associations between household air pollution and cardiac arrhythmias are currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of tt-DDE on the ion currents in H9c2 cells. The IK and ICa,L in H9c2 cells treated with and without tt-DDE were measured using the whole-cell patch clamp method. Expressions of Kv2.1 and Cav1.2 in H9c2 cells treated with and without tt-DDE were measured by western blot analysis. After the H9c2 cells had been exposed to tt-DDE, the IK and ICa,L were significantly decreased. The expression of Kv2.1, unlike that of Cav1.2, was also significantly decreased in these cells. These changes in IK and ICa,L that were induced by tt-DDE may help to explain the association between cardiac arrhythmogenesis and cooking-oil fumes.
First documentation of major Vip3Aa resistance alleles in field populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Texas, USA
Authors: Yang Fei , González José C. Santiago , Little Nathan , Reisig Dominic , Payne Gregory , Dos Santos Rafael Ferreira , Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis , Kurtz Ryan , Kerns David L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, is a major target pest of the insecticidal Vip3Aa protein used in pyramided transgenic Bt corn and cotton with Cry1 and Cry2 proteins in the U.S. The widespread resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins in H. zea will challenge the long-term efficacy of Vip3Aa technology. Determining the frequency of resistant alleles to Vip3Aa in field populations of H. zea is critically important for resistance management. Here, we provided the first F2 screen study to estimate the resistance allele frequency for Vip3Aa in H. zea populations in Texas, U.S. In 2019, 128 H. zea neonates per isofamily for a total of 114 F2 families were screened with a diagnostic concentration of 3.0 μg/cm2 of Vip3Aa39 protein in diet-overlay bioassays. The F2 screen detected two families carrying a major Vip3Aa resistance allele. The estimated frequency of major resistance alleles against Vip3Aa39 in H. zea in Texas from this study was 0.0065 with a 95% CI of 0.0014–0.0157. A Vip3Aa-resistant strain (RR) derived from the F2 screen showed a high level of resistance to Vip3Aa39 protein, with a resistance ratio of >588.0-fold relative to a susceptible population (SS) based on diet-overlay bioassays. We provide the first documentation of a major resistance allele conferring high levels of Vip3Aa resistance in a field-derived strain of H. zea in the U.S. Data generated from this study contribute to development of management strategies for the sustainable use of the Vip3Aa technology to control H. zea in the U.S.
Counterfactual protocol within device independent framework and its insecurity
Authors: Kamaruddin Suhaili , Shaari Jesni Shamsul , Kolenderski Piotr 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe consider the counterfactual protocol proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 230501 (2009) within a device independent framework and show how its security can easily be compromised. Capitalising on the fact that the protocol is based on the use of a single photon entanglement phenomenon, we propose an equivalent protocol. It can be made secure within such a pessimistic framework against a supra-quantum Eve limited only by the no-signalling principle. The equivalence the protocol demonstrates the possibility of device independent framework for counterfactual quantum cryptography.
Deep Horizon: A machine learning network that recovers accreting black hole parameters
Authors: van der Gucht Jeffrey , Davelaar Jordy , Hendriks Luc , Porth Oliver , Olivares Hector , Mizuno Yosuke , Fromm Christian M. , Falcke Heino 
Published: April 2020

Context. The Event Horizon Telescope recently observed the first shadow of a black hole. Images like this can potentially be used to test or constrain theories of gravity and deepen the understanding in plasma physics at event horizon scales, which requires accurate parameter estimations.
Aims. In this work, we present Deep Horizon, two convolutional deep neural networks that recover the physical parameters from images of black hole shadows. We investigate the effects of a limited telescope resolution and observations at higher frequencies.
Methods. We trained two convolutional deep neural networks on a large image library of simulated mock data. The first network is a Bayesian deep neural regression network and is used to recover the viewing angle i, and position angle, mass accretion rate Ṁ, electron heating prescription Rhigh and the black hole mass MBH. The second network is a classification network that recovers the black hole spin a.
Results. We find that with the current resolution of the Event Horizon Telescope, it is only possible to accurately recover a limited number of parameters of a static image, namely the mass and mass accretion rate. Since potential future space-based observing missions will operate at frequencies above 230 GHz, we also investigated the applicability of our network at a frequency of 690 GHz. The expected resolution of space-based missions is higher than the current resolution of the Event Horizon Telescope, and we show that Deep Horizon can accurately recover the parameters of simulated observations with a comparable resolution to such missions.
Descarga de peso no pós-operatório de fratura de planalto tibial: Revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Alves Débora Pinheiro Lédio , Wun Paloma Yan Lam , Alves Andréia Lima , Christian Ralph Walter , Mercadante Marcelo Tomanik , Hungria José Octávio 
Published: April 2020

ResumoAs fraturas do planalto tibial constituem risco à integridade funcional do joelho, afetando o alinhamento axial e podendo levar à dor e à incapacidade do indivíduo. O suporte de carga e a mobilização articular precoce podem prevenir esses déficits e acelerar o processo de reabilitação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre estudos que citam o início, evolução e critérios de progressão do suporte de carga no pós-operatório das fraturas de planalto tibial. Foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos 12 anos, nos idiomas português e inglês, que descrevessem o tempo de início e progressão do suporte de carga, considerando a gravidade da fratura. Foram selecionados 36 artigos na literatura. Não há consenso na literatura quanto ao início e evolução do suporte de carga no pós-operatório das fraturas do planalto tibial. Contudo, observa-se relação entre a gravidade da fratura e o tempo de início da carga.
Impacto da campanha “Considere o Risco”, da Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, na percepção do risco e na utilização do checklist cirúrgico por ortopedistas brasileiros
Authors: Bähr Germana Lyra , Motta Filho Geraldo da Rocha 
Published: April 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar o impacto das ações educacionais inseridas na campanha “Considere o Risco”, da Sociedade Brasileira de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (SBOT), para aumentar a percepção do risco envolvido na atividade cirúrgica e a utilização do checklist cirúrgico.
Métodos Realização de pesquisa comparativa, durante o 50° Congresso Brasileiro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (50° CBOT), em novembro de 2018, utilizando questionário semelhante ao de duas versões anteriores.
Resultados O número de participantes foi de 730, correspondendo à 18,7% do total de 3903 inscritos no 50° CBOT. No total, 542 ortopedistas (74,2%) relataram já ter vivenciado erros dentro do centro cirúrgico e 218 (29,8%) cirurgias em locais errados; 624 participantes (85,5%) afirmaram marcar o local da cirurgia e 402 (55%) utilizar regularmente o checklist cirúrgico.
Conclusão Na amostra pesquisada, ficou evidenciado que os esforços da SBOT para a disseminação do conhecimento do protocolo da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) foram efetivos, reduzindo a quantidade de ortopedistas que o desconheciam de 65,3% (em 2012) para 20,7% (em 2018), e ampliando sua utilização. Em 2018, 402 ortopedistas (55% da amostra) referiram fazer uso frequente do protocolo no ambiente cirúrgico, em comparação com 301 (40,2%) em 2014. Estes dados confirmam a necessidade de campanhas educacionais e treinamentos sistemáticos, não apenas para promover uma mudança de comportamento, como também, principalmente, uma mudança cultural.
O papel da ressonância magnética no diagnóstico da síndrome compartimental crônica do exercício
Authors: Nico Marcelo Astolfi Caetano , Carneiro Bruno Cerretti , Zorzenoni Fernando Ometto , Ormond Filho Alípio Gomes , Guimarães Julio Brandão 
Published: April 2020

ResumoA síndrome compartimental crônica é uma condição comum e frequentemente subdiagnosticada, induzida pelo exercício, que corresponde em média a um quarto dos casos de dor crônica na perna relacionada ao exercício, e que perde em frequência apenas para o espectro fratura/reação ao estresse tibial. Tradicionalmente ocorre em jovens atletas corredores, embora estudos mais recentes tenham demonstrado uma prevalência considerável em praticantes de atividade física de baixo rendimento, mesmo em pacientes de meia-idade ou idosos. A lista de diagnósticos diferenciais é extensa, e por vezes é difícil fazer a distinção apenas pelos dados clínicos, sendo necessários exames subsidiários.Classicamente, o diagnóstico é feito pelo quadro clínico, pela exclusão dos diferenciais, e pela medida pressórica intracompartimental. Embora a manometria por agulha seja considerada o padrão-ouro no diagnóstico, seu uso não é universalmente aceito, visto que existem algumas limitações importantes, além da disponibilidade restrita do equipamento com agulha no Brasil. Recentemente, novos protocolos de manometria têm sido propostos a fim suplantar a deficiência dos tradicionais, com algum deles inclusive recomendando o uso sistemático da ressonância magnética (RM) na exclusão dos diagnósticos diferenciais. O uso de sequências de RM sensíveis a líquido pós-esforço é uma ótima opção não invasiva à manometria por agulha no diagnóstico da síndrome compartimental crônica, uma vez que o aumento da intensidade de sinal pós-exercício é estatisticamente relevante quando comparados os valores pressóricos de manometria em pacientes com a síndrome e assintomáticos; portanto, o exame pode ser usado no critério diagnóstico. O tratamento definitivo é a fasciotomia, embora existam alternativas menos eficazes.
Mielopatia cervical secundária a gota: Relato de caso
Authors: Matos Thiago Dantas , Teixeira Kelsen de Oliveira , Fleury Rodrigo Barra Caiado , Costa Herton Rodrigo Tavares , Pádua Joel Del Bel , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido 
Published: April 2020

ResumoA gota é uma artropatia cristalina frequente na população; entretanto, a espondiloartropatia gotosa, também chamada de gota axial, é incomum. O presente relato de caso apresenta um caso raro de mielopatia cervical secundária a gota axial. Uma paciente de 50 anos de idade, sem patologias prévias, apresentou quadro de perda de força, alteração de sensibilidade e liberação piramidal há 2 anos. A tomografia computadorizada evidenciou imagem lítica no processo espinhoso de C7, e sinais de mielopatia com mielomalácia foram observados na ressonância magnética da coluna cervical. Após o procedimento cirúrgico e biópsia do material, o diagnóstico foi de gota, e o tratamento para a patologia foi iniciado, com melhora completa do quadro. O diagnóstico de gota axial deve ser incluído no espectro do diagnóstico diferencial das doenças que acometem a coluna vertebral. Apesar de a espondiloartrite gotosa ser incomum, há uma ocorrência subestimada devido a não investigação dos casos. O diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da patologia pode evitar que pacientes apresentem complicações da doença, como a relatada no presente estudo.
Hepatic Stellate Cell–Macrophage Crosstalk in Liver Fibrosis and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Matsuda Michitaka , Seki Ekihiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChronic liver injury due to viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metabolic disorders is a worldwide health concern. Insufficient treatment of chronic liver injury leads to fibrosis, causing liver dysfunction and carcinogenesis. Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develop in the fibrotic liver. Pathological features of liver fibrosis include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, mesenchymal cell activation, immune deregulation, and angiogenesis, all of which contribute to the precancerous environment, supporting tumor development. Among liver cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and macrophages play critical roles in fibrosis and HCC. These two cell types interplay and remodel the ECM and immune microenvironment in the fibrotic liver. Once HCC develops, HCC-derived factors influence HSCs and macrophages to switch to protumorigenic cell populations, cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages, respectively. This review aims to summarize currently available data on the roles of HSCs and macrophages in liver fibrosis and HCC, with a focus on their interaction.
On the status ofwh-exclamatives in English
Authors: Heine Bernd , Kaltenböck Gunther , Kuteva Tania 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExclamative expressions likeWhat an enormous crowd came!andHow wonderful this journey is!have been described as forming one of the four basic sentence (or clause) types of English. The present paper discusses the main features of this type and analyzes them with reference to the framework of Discourse Grammar. It is argued that the structure of exclamatives can be related to other sentence types in terms of discourse strategies that are used for constructing texts, in particular by means of cooptation, a cognitive-communicative strategy that enables speakers to use existing text pieces for new discourse functions.
Dual frequency DBD: influence of the amplitude and the frequency of applied voltages on glow, Townsend and radiofrequency DBDs
Authors: Bazinette Rémy , Sadeghi Nader , Massines Francoise 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To study dual frequency Townsend glow and radio frequency DBDs in an Ar/NH3 Penning mixture, different voltages are applied on each electrode of a plane/plane DBD. The one which has the higher amplitude and frequency, V
H, determines the discharge regime. The other one, which has a lower amplitude and frequency, V
L, is more similar to a bias voltage. V
H frequency ranges from 50 kHz to 13.56 MHz and V
L frequency from 1 kHz to 2 MHz. The amplitude of V
L is always kept lower than the breakdown voltage. The discharge behavior is characterized by space and phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy and Fourier transform of the plasma induced light intensity. When the frequencies of two voltages are close to each other, V
L higher than 150 V increases the discharge light intensity. In glow and Townsend discharges, this increase is attributed to the enhancement of the plasma density, due to the ions drift from the plasma bulk to the cathode, which produces a higher secondary electron emission. For the radiofrequency discharge, the enhancement of the light intensity is attributed to an enhancement of the positive space charge due to the higher voltage amplitude.
When the frequencies of two voltages are very different, e.g. for V
L between 1 and 100 kHz and a 5.5 MHz α-RF discharge, the behavior largely depends on V
L amplitude. Above some low frequency (LF), the discharge tends to extinguish when V
L amplitude is at its maximum. This is explained by a diminution of the plasma density resulting from the ion drift to the cathode due to V
L. When V
L is very high, it enhances the discharge intensity. This discharge amplification is associated with a transition from α to γ RF mode, which only occurs when the two voltages have the same polarity. Whatever the RF discharge mode, γ or α, the discharge is diffuse. To determine the interest of LF-RF dual frequency DBD for the PECVD, SiOx coatings, made with a single and a dual LF-RF frequency DBDs, are compared. It is concluded that the ɣ dual frequency removes OH functions from the material lattice and densifies the layer.
Unifying thermodynamic uncertainty relations
Authors: Falasco Gianmaria , Esposito Massimiliano , Delvenne Jean-Charles 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We introduce a new technique to bound the fluctuations exhibited by a physical system, based on the Euclidean geometry of the space of observables. Through a simple unifying argument, we derive a sweeping generalization of so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs). We not only strengthen the bounds but extend their realm of applicability and in many cases prove their optimality, without resorting to large deviation theory or information-theoretic techniques. In particular, we find the best TUR based on entropy production alone. We also derive a periodic uncertainty principle of which previous known bounds for periodic or stationary Markov chains known in the literature appear as limit cases. From it a novel bound for stationary Markov processes is derived, which surpasses previous known bounds. Our results exploit the non-invariance of the system under a symmetry which can be other than time reversal and thus open a wide new spectrum of applications.