bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOPX regulates bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell fate determination via suppression of adipogenic gene pathways
Authors: Hng Chee Ho , Camp Esther , Anderson Peter , Breen James , Zannettino Andrew , Gronthos Stan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious studies of global binding patterns identified the epigenetic factor, EZH2, as a regulator of the homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX) gene expression during bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) differentiation, suggesting a potential role for HOPX in regulating BMSC lineage specification. In the present study, we confirmed that EZH2 direct binds to the HOPX promoter region, during normal growth and osteogenic differentiation but not under adipogenic inductive conditions. HOPX gene knockdown and overexpression studies demonstrated that HOPX is a promoter of BMSC proliferation and an inhibitor of adipogenesis. However, functional studies failed to observe any affect by HOPX on BMSC osteogenic differentiation. RNA-seq analysis of HOPX overexpressing BMSC during adipogenesis, found HOPX function to be acting through suppression of adipogenic pathways associated genes such as ADIPOQ, FABP4, PLIN1 and PLIN4. These findings suggest that HOPX gene target pathways are critical factors in the regulation of fat metabolism.
Therapeutic potential of fibrinogen γ-chain peptide-coated, ADP-encapsulated liposomes as a haemostatic adjuvant for post-cardiopulmonary bypass coagulopathy
Authors: Ishida Osamu , Hagisawa Kohsuke , Yamanaka Nozomu , Tsutsumi Koji , Suzuki Hidenori , Takikawa Masato , Takeoka Shinji , Kinoshita Manabu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFibrinogen γ-chain peptide-coated, adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP)-encapsulated liposomes (H12-ADP-liposomes) are a potent haemostatic adjuvant to promote platelet thrombi. These liposomes are lipid particles coated with specific binding sites for platelet GPIIb/IIIa and encapsulating ADP. They work at bleeding sites, facilitating haemostasis by promoting aggregation of activated platelets and releasing ADP to strongly activate platelets. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of H12-ADP-liposomes on post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) coagulopathy in a preclinical setting. We created a post-CPB coagulopathy model using male New Zealand White rabbits (body weight, 3 kg). One hour after CPB, subject rabbits were intravenously administered H12-ADP-liposomes with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) collected from donor rabbits (H12-ADP-liposome/PRP group, n = 8) or PRP alone (PRP group, n = 8). Ear bleeding time was greatly reduced for the H12-ADP-liposome/PRP group (263 ± 111 s) compared with the PRP group (441 ± 108 s, p < 0.001). Electron microscopy showed platelet thrombus containing liposomes at the bleeding site in the H12-ADP-liposome/PRP group. However, such liposome-involved platelet thrombi were not observed in the end organs after H12-ADP-liposome administration. These findings suggest that H12-ADP-liposomes could help effectively and safely consolidate platelet haemostasis in post-CPB coagulopathy and may have potential for reducing bleeding complications after cardiovascular surgery with CPB.
Superposed picosecond luminescence kinetics in lithium niobate revealed by means of broadband fs-fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy
Authors: Krampf A. , Messerschmidt S. , Imlau M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVarious manifestations of small polarons strongly affect the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the oxide crystal lithium niobate ($$\hbox {LiNbO}_3$$LiNbO3, LN). While related transient absorption phenomena in LN have been extensively studied in recent decades, a sound microscopic picture describing the blue-green (photo)luminescence of lithium niobate single crystals is still missing. In particular, almost nothing is known about: (i) the luminescence build-up and (ii) its room temperature decay. We present here the results of our systematic experimental study using nominally undoped and Mg-doped LN crystals with different Mg concentration. Picosecond luminescence was detected by means of femtosecond fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy (FLUPS) extended to the inspection of oxide crystals in reflection geometry. Two distinct luminescence decay components on the picosecond time scale are revealed. While a short exponential decay is present in each sample, a longer non-exponential decay clearly depends on the crystal composition. Since transient absorption spectroscopy excludes geminate small polaron annihilation as microscopic cause of the luminescence, both decay components are discussed in the context of self-trapped exciton (STE) transport and decay.
Analysis of tumor mutational burden: correlation of five large gene panels with whole exome sequencing
Authors: Heydt Carina , Rehker Jan , Pappesch Roberto , Buhl Theresa , Ball Markus , Siebolts Udo , Haak Anja , Lohneis Philipp , Büttner Reinhard , Hillmer Axel M. , Merkelbach-Bruse Sabine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOutcome of immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer can be predicted by measuring PDL1 expression of tumor cells. Search for additional biomarkers led to tumor mutational burden (TMB) as surrogate marker for neoantigens presented. While TMB was previously determined via whole exome sequencing (WES), there have been approaches with comprehensive gene panels as well. We sequenced samples derived from formalin-fixed tumors, aPOLEmutated cell line and standard DNA by WES and five different panels. If available, normal tissue was also exome sequenced. Sequencing data was analyzed by commercial software solutions and an in-house pipeline. A robust Pearson correlation (R = 0.9801 ± 0.0167; mean ± sd; N = 7) was determined for the different panels in a tumor paired normal setting for WES. Expanded analysis on tumor only exome sequenced samples yielded similar correlation (R = 0.9439 ± 0.0632; mean ± sd; N = 14). Remaining germline variants increased TMB in WES by 5.761 ± 1.953 (mean ± sd.; N = 7) variants per megabase (v/mb) for samples including synonymous variants and 3.883 ± 1.38 v/mb for samples without synonymous variants compared to tumor-normal paired calling results. Due to limited sample numbers in this study, additional replication is suggested for a clinical setting. Remaining germline variants in a tumor-only setting and artifacts caused by different library chemistries construction might affect the results.
Monitoring indices of bone inflammatory activity of the jaw using SPECT bone scintigraphy: a study of ARONJ patients
Authors: Hata Hironobu , Kitao Tomoka , Sato Jun , Asaka Takuya , Ohga Noritaka , Imamachi Kenji , Hirata Kenji , Shiga Tohru , Yamazaki Yutaka , Kitagawa Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDevelopment of quantitative analysis software has enabled application of several standardised uptake values (SUV) for bone analysis in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The present retrospective study aimed to develop a reliable method of monitoring bone inflammatory activity in antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) using SPECT quantitative analysis software. Fifteen ARONJ patients underwent SPECT before and after anti-inflammatory therapy. We calculated the mean maximum SUV (SUVmax) of the bilateral cranial bones using quantitative analysis software and used this as the control [C]. We attempted to adjust the SUVmax of the lesion [L] as follows: adjusted SUVmax (aSUVmax) = [L] − [C]. The optimum threshold to calculate the metabolic bone volume (MBV) (cm3) was [C] + 3. The threshold values obtained for each case were input to calculate MBV at each osteomyelitis site. Retrospectively, we compared aSUVmax and MBV of each patient’s ARONJ before and after anti-inflammatory therapy. The patients’ high aSUVmax or large MBV of the ARONJ reduced rapidly, reflecting individual clinical findings after treatment. Application of SPECT quantitative analysis software to monitor bone inflammatory activity in ARONJ could improve the prognosis-deciding abilities of clinicians and enable them to treat ARONJ effectively.
Herschel-PACS photometry of the five major moons of Uranus
Authors: Detre Ö. H. , Müller T. G. , Klaas U. , Marton G. , Linz H. , Balog Z. 
Published: July 2020

Aims.We aim to determine far-infrared fluxes at 70, 100, and 160μm for the five major Uranus satellites, Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel, and Miranda. Our study is based on the available calibration observations at wavelengths taken with the PACS photometer aboard theHerschelSpace Observatory.Methods.The bright image of Uranus was subtracted using a scaled Uranus point spread function (PSF) reference established from all maps of each wavelength in an iterative process removing the superimposed moons. The photometry of the satellites was performed using PSF photometry. Thermophysical models of the icy moons were fitted to the photometry of each measurement epoch and auxiliary data at shorter wavelengths.Results.The best-fit thermophysical models provide constraints for important properties of the moons, such as surface roughness and thermal inertia. We present the first thermal infrared radiometry longward of 50μm for the four largest Uranian moons, Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, and Ariel, at epochs with equator-on illumination. Due to this inclination geometry, heat transport took place to the night side so that thermal inertia played a role, allowing us to constrain that parameter. Also, we found some indication for differences in the thermal properties of leading and trailing hemispheres. The total combined flux contribution of the four major moons relative to Uranus is 5.7 × 10−3, 4.8 × 10−3, and 3.4 × 10−3at 70, 100, and 160μm, respectively. We therefore precisely specify the systematic error of the Uranus flux by its moons when Uranus is used as a far-infrared prime flux calibrator. Miranda is considerably fainter and always close to Uranus, impeding reliable photometry.Conclusions.We successfully demonstrate an image processing technique for PACS photometer data that allows us to remove a bright central source and reconstruct point source fluxes on the order of 10−3of the central source as close as ≈3 × the half width at half maximum of the PSF. We established improved thermophysical models of the five major Uranus satellites. Our derived thermal inertia values resemble those of trans-neptunian object (TNO) dwarf planets, Pluto and Haumea, more than those of smaller TNOs and Centaurs at heliocentric distances of about 30 AU.
Inner crust of a neutron star at the point of crystallization in a multicomponent approach
Authors: Carreau T. , Fantina A. F. , Gulminelli F. 
Published: July 2020

Context. The possible presence of amorphous and heterogeneous phases in the inner crust of a neutron star is expected to reduce the electrical conductivity of the crust, potentially with significant consequences on the magneto-thermal evolution of the star. In cooling simulations, the disorder is quantified by an impurity parameter, which is often taken as a free parameter.
Aims. We aim to give a quantitative prediction of the impurity parameter as a function of the density in the crust, performing microscopic calculations including up-to-date microphysics of the crust.
Methods. A multicomponent approach was developed at a finite temperature using a compressible liquid-drop description of the ions with an improved energy functional based on recent microscopic nuclear models and optimized on extended Thomas-Fermi calculations. Thermodynamic consistency was ensured by adding a rearrangement term, and deviations from the linear mixing rule were included in the liquid phase.
Results. The impurity parameter is consistently calculated at the crystallization temperature as determined in the one-component plasma approximation for the different functionals. Our calculations show that at the crystallization temperature, the composition of the inner crust is dominated by nuclei with charge number around Z ≈ 40, while the range of the Z distribution varies from about 20 near the neutron drip to about 40 closer to the crust-core transition. This reflects on the behavior of the impurity parameter that monotonically increases with density reaching up to around 40 in the deeper regions of the inner crust.
Conclusions. Our study shows that the contribution of impurities is non-negligible, thus potentially having an impact on the transport properties in the neutron-star crust. The obtained values of the impurity parameter represent a lower limit; larger values are expected in the presence of nonspherical geometries and/or fast cooling dynamics.
Combination of Lorcaserin and GLP-1/glucagon Coagonist
Improves Metabolic Dysfunction in Diet Induced-obese Mice
Authors: Patel Vishal , Joharapurkar Amit , Kshirsagar Samadhan , Patel Maulik , Savsani Hardikkumar , Bahekar Rajesh , Jain Mukul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Obesity and diabetes are major metabolic disorders that
progress to severe morbidity and mortality. Neuroendocrine mechanisms
controlling energy balance indicate that combination therapies are needed to
sustain weight loss. Lorcaserin was one of the approved therapies for the
treatment of obesity, which is recently withdrawn because a safety clinical
trial, shows an increased occurrence of cancer. Coagonist of
glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors is a novel
investigational therapy demonstrated to have both anti-obesity and
anti-diabetic effect. Here, we investigated the effect of combination of
lorcaserin and a GLP-1 and glucagon receptors coagonist in diet-induced
obese (DIO) mice model.
Methods The diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were used to
assess acute and chronic effect of lorcaserin, coagonist of GLP-1and
glucagon receptors and their combination on food intake, body weight, and
biochemical parameters.
Results In acute study, combination of lorcaserin and coagonist
causes synergistic reductions in food intake and body weight. Repeated
treatment of combination of lorcaserin and coagonist showed enhanced body
weight loss over time, which is due to reduction in fat mass (subcutaneous,
retroperitoneal, mesenteric and epididymal fat pad) compared to individual
therapy. Also, suppression of locomotor activity seen with lorcaserin was
not evident in combination with coagonist. No additive effect was observed
in glucose tolerance (intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test or insulin
tolerance test), serum lipids, hepatic lipids, and energy expenditure in
combination group.
Conclusion These data suggest that combination of lorcaserin and
coagonist could be a better combination to induce body weight loss.
What to think about
Authors: Cowart Holly 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study examines how agenda setting works on social media in the United States. Unlike previous platform
studies, this research seeks to examine not just if, but also how agenda setting works in a social media setting. Three areas were
tested for their effect on issue salience: repetition, story order, and endorsement. More than 360 U.S. participants viewed
variations of a mock Facebook feed and answered questions about issue importance. Using issue importance as the dependent variable
and repetition, story order, and endorsement as the independent variables, three hypotheses were tested. One hypothesis had the
effect predicted: Increased repetition of a news story topic did influence participants’ perception that the news story topic was
important. Additional items were tested as covariates. Gender, and ethnicity had a significant influence on perceived story
importance. The results of this study indicate that agenda setting on social media occurs through repetition. Implications are
explored.
Sja‐miR‐71a in Schistosome egg‐derived extracellular vesicles suppresses liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis via targeting semaphorin 4D
Authors: Wang Lifu , Liao Yao , Yang Ruibing , Yu Zilong , Zhang Lichao , Zhu Zifeng , Wu Xiaoying , Shen Jia , Liu Jiahua , Xu Lian , Wu Zhongdao , Sun Xi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTSchistosomiasis is characterized by liver fibrosis, and studies have indicated that Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) eggs can limit the progression of liver fibrosis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms are yet unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a selection of miRNAs for long‐distance exchange of information and act as an important pathway for host‐parasite communication. This study aimed to explore the potential role of S. japonicum egg‐derived EVs and its key miRNA in liver fibrosis. Herein, we found that S. japonicum egg‐derived EVs can inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is mediated via the high expression of Sja‐miR‐71a. Sja‐miR‐71a in EVs attenuates the pathological progression and liver fibrosis in S. japonicum infection. Sja‐miR‐71a inhibiting TGF‐β1/SMAD and interleukin (IL)‐13/STAT6 pathways via directly targeting semaphorin 4D (Sema4D). In addition, Sja‐miR‐71a can also suppress liver fibrosis by regulating Th1/Th2/Th17 and Treg balance. This study contributes to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Schistosoma‐host interactions, and Sema4D may be a potential target for schistosomiasis liver fibrosis treatment.
Sodium intake and kidney function in the general population: an observational, population-based study
Authors: Cirillo Massimo , Bilancio Giancarlo , Cavallo Pierpaolo , Palladino Raffaele , Terradura-Vagnarelli Oscar , Laurenzi Martino 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationships of sodium intake to kidney function within the population have been poorly investigated and are the objective of the study.MethodsThis observational, population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal study targeted 4595 adult participants of the Gubbio study with complete data at baseline exam. Of these participants, 3016 participated in the 15-year follow-up (mortality-corrected response rate 78.4%). Baseline measures included sodium:creatinine ratio in timed overnight urine collection, used as an index of sodium intake, together with serum creatinine, sex, age and other variables. Follow-up measures included serum creatinine and other variables. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2) was calculated using serum creatinine, sex and age and was taken as an index of kidney function.ResultsThe study cohort was stratified in sex- and age-controlled quintiles of baseline urine sodium:creatinine ratio. A higher quintile associated with higher baseline eGFR (P &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of Stage1 kidney function (eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2) was 1.98 times higher in Quintile 5 compared with Quintile 1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–2.59, P &lt; 0.001]. The time from baseline to follow-up was 14.1 ± 2.5 years. Baseline to follow-up, the eGFR change was more negative along quintiles (P &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the OR in Quintile 5 compared with Quintile 1 was 2.21 for eGFR decline ≥30% (1.18–4.13, P = 0.001) and 1.38 for worsened stage of kidney function (1.05–1.82, P = 0.006). Findings were consistent within subgroups.ConclusionsWithin the general population, an index of higher sodium intake associated cross-sectionally with higher kidney function but longitudinally with greater kidney function decline.
‘If we Can’t Have a Conversation with our Past, then What will be Our Future?’: HIV/AIDS, Queer Generationalism, and Utopian Performatives in Matthew Lopez’s The Inheritance
Authors: Hann Louisa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As the HIV/AIDS epidemic approaches its fifth decade, and emerging generations of queer-identified youth experience and conceptualize the virus in new ways, questions surrounding the memorialization and historicization of queer history have arisen within the arts. In the domain of theatre in particular, as mainstream revivals of crisis-era plays such as Larry Kramer’s The Normal Heart (1985) and Tony Kushner’s Angels in America (1991) proliferate, criticisms have arisen that such revivals feed into a narrative of the so-called ‘AIDS nostalgia’, pushing the idea that HIV/AIDS is a thing of the past and ignoring the ways in which the virus continues to shape individual social and sexual experiences. Recently, however, new plays such as Jonathan Harvey’s Canary (2010), the GHP Collective’s The Gay Heritage Project (2013), and Matthew Lopez’s The Inheritance (2018) have explicitly addressed this issue, conceptualizing a revised queer politics of HIV/AIDS that transcends Angels’ famous call for ‘The Great Work’ to begin. This article explores how The Inheritance in particular problematizes ‘AIDS nostalgia’ and configures novel approaches to the politics of HIV/AIDS in the twenty-first century. Alongside scholarship within the field of queer utopian studies such as José Estaban Muñoz’s Cruising Utopia (2009) and Jill Dolan’s Utopia in Performance (2005), it analyses the ways in which Lopez’s play employs utopian performatives to move towards a new politics of queer heritage.
Turbulent Wake-Flow Characteristics in the Near Wake of Freely Flying Raptors: A Comparative Analysis Between an Owl and a Hawk
Authors: Krishnan Krishnamoorthy , Ben-Gida Hadar , Morgan Gareth , Kopp Gregory A , Guglielmo Christopher G , Gurka Roi 
Published: July 2020

SynopsisOwl flight has been studied over multiple decades associated with bio-inspiration for silent flight. However, their aerodynamics has been less researched. The aerodynamic noise generated during flight depends on the turbulent state of the flow. In order to document the turbulent characteristics of the owl during flapping flight, we measured the wake flow behind a freely flying great horned owl (Bubo virginianus). For comparison purposes, we chose to fly a similar-sized raptor a Harris’s hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus): one is nocturnal and the other is a diurnal bird of prey. Here, we focus on the wake turbulent aspects and their impact on the birds’ flight performances. The birds were trained to fly inside a large-scale wind tunnel in a perch-to-perch flight mode. The near wake of the freely flying birds was characterized using a long duration time-resolved particle image velocimetry system. The velocity fields in the near wake were acquired simultaneously with the birds’ motion during flight which was sampled using multiple high-speed cameras. The turbulent momentum fluxes, turbulent kinetic energy production, and dissipation profiles are examined in the wake and compared. The near wake of the owl exhibited significantly higher turbulent activity than the hawk in all cases, though both birds are similar in size and followed similar flight behavior. It is suggested that owls modulate the turbulence activity of the near wake in the vicinity of the wing, resulting in rapid decay before radiating into the far-field; thus, suppressing the aerodynamic noise at the far wake.