bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretative Disputes with Regard to Provisional Measures at the ICJ: Is There a Normative Gap?
Authors: Dimetto Marco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recently, the International Court of Justice dealt with a request to interpret provisional measures previously indicated in the Ukraine v. Russian Federation case. However, the Court never disclosed its official position on the request, but reportedly limited itself to reaffirming the binding nature of its previous Order. The present contribution aims at analyzing from a general point of view whether the ICJ would be ready to settle interpretative disputes that arise with regard to the meaning and scope of provisional measures already indicated. Despite several paths that could be envisaged in theory, only one of them seems to be suitable to reach that goal.
Pelagius’ View of Ideal Christian Women in his Letters
Authors: Yamada Nozomu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Pelagians’ ascetical practices were aiming at neither a kind of elitism nor perfectionism, rather, they simply tried to instruct their women disciples on the physical and spiritual care management in Eastern Christian ascetic manners. Pelagius emphasized the free will of women and their dignity as being in the image of God. This was quite different from the negative evaluations of women’s free will by Jerome, Augustine, and later Western priests, but quite similar to the affirmative perspectives of women’s freedom of will by Eastern Church fathers like John Chrysostom. In this presentation, I would like to focus on the letters to Demetrias from Jerome, Pelagius, and Ps. Prosper; Pelagius’ letters to a widow and a married woman; and Chrysostom’s letter to Olympias. Critically considering the previous research on the letters to Demetrias (by A.S. Jacobs 2000, A. Kurdock 2003 and 2007, and K. Wilkinson 2015), I would like to evaluate the unique perspective that Pelagius offers of the ideal woman as described in the letters to Christian women, from an Eastern theological viewpoint.
Apostles of Revolution? Marxism and Biblical Studies
Authors: Petterson Christina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Marxist analysis of the bible is spreading, but clarity about what constitutes Marxist readings and Marxist categories of analysis is lacking. This lack of clarity is compounded by the different strands and factions within Marxist politics, which have subtle resonances in biblical scholarship. These issues are canvassed in the first part of the article. The major focus of the article, however, is the collaboration between biblical studies and liberal ideology, which is examined in two ways. First, by presenting and discussing some of the central Marxist categories of analysis, namely history, ideology and class, and how these categories have been co-opted into biblical studies and in the process lost their radical edge. Second, by discussing the emergence of the discipline of biblical studies during the Enlightenment, and to what extent the containment strategies of biblical studies overlap with those of liberalism and capitalism.
Rainfall Mechanisms for One of the Wettest Tropical Cyclones on Record in Australia—Oswald (2013)
Authors: Deng Difei , Ritchie Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Tropical Cyclone Oswald (2013) is considered to be one of the highest-impact storms to make landfall in northern Australia even though it only reached a maximum category 1 intensity on the Australian category scale. After making landfall on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula, Oswald turned southward, and persisted for more than 7 days moving parallel to the coastline as far south as 30°S. As one of the wettest tropical cyclones (TCs) in Australian history, the favorable configurations of a lower-latitude active monsoon trough and two consecutive midlatitude trough–jet systems generally contributed to the maintenance of the Oswald circulation over land and prolonged rainfall. As a result, Oswald produced widespread heavy rainfall along the east coast with three maximum centers near Weipa, Townsville, and Rockhampton, respectively. Using high-resolution WRF simulations, the mechanisms associated with TC Oswald’s rainfall are analyzed. The results show that the rainfall involved different rainfall mechanisms at each stage. The land–sea surface friction contrast, the vertical wind shear, and monsoon trough were mostly responsible for the intensity and location for the first heavy rainfall center on the Cape York Peninsula. The second torrential rainfall near Townsville was primarily a result of the local topography and land–sea frictional convergence in a conditionally unstable monsoonal environment with frictional convergence due to TC motion modulating some offshore rainfall. The third rainfall area was largely dominated by persistent high vertical wind shear forcing, favorable large-scale quasigeostrophic dynamic lifting from two midlatitude trough–jet systems, and mesoscale frontogenesis lifting.
Association of irritable bowel syndrome in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based investigation
Authors: Hu Wei-Syun , Lin Cheng-Li 
Published: April 2020

Objective: We seek to characterize the association between atrial fibrillation and irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: We identify 11,642 cases (atrial fibrillation) and 46,487 sex-, age-, and index year–matched controls (non-atrial fibrillation) from Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Kaplan–Meier, Cox proportional hazards regression methods and competing risk analysis methods were used to assess the association of atrial fibrillation with outcome of irritable bowel syndrome. Results: After adjustment for gender, age, comorbidities and medications, patients with atrial fibrillation had a significant higher risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.12, p < 0.01) to develop irritable bowel syndrome than patients without atrial fibrillation. Compared to participants without atrial fibrillation, those with atrial fibrillation had 1.13-fold (p < 0.05) and 1.11-fold (p < 0.05) risk of irritable bowel syndrome in female and male subgroup, respectively. Among subjects aged ≥65 years, those with AF had 1.11-fold risk of irritable bowel syndrome than non-AF cohort (P < 0.01). Among participants with any one of the comorbidities, those with atrial fibrillation had 1.10-fold risk of irritable bowel syndrome than non-atrial fibrillation cohort (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We report that the presence of atrial fibrillation is associated with greater incidence of irritable bowel syndrome and the association is stronger among female gender, age 65 years or above, and with comorbidities.
Nuclear magnetic resonance–based targeted profiling of urinary acetate and citrate following cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Ganguly Sujata , Kumar Umesh , Gupta Nikhil , Guleria Anupam , Majumdar Sanjukta , Phatak Sanat , Chaurasia Smriti , Kumar Sandeep , Aggarwal Amita , Kumar Dinesh , Misra Ramnath 
Published: April 2020

Objective Metabolomics, the study of global alterations in small metabolites, is a useful tool to look for novel biomarkers. Recently, we reported a reprogramming of the serum metabolomic profile by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy following treatment in lupus nephritis (LN). This study aimed to compare the urine excretory levels of citrate and acetate in patients with biopsy-proven LN before and six months after cyclophosphamide induction therapy and to evaluate their correlation with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2K (SLEDAI 2K) and renal SLEDAI. Methods Urine obtained from LN patients ( N = 18, 16 female) at diagnosis and six months following induction therapy with cyclophosphamide and healthy controls (HC; N = 18, median age = 35 years, all female) were stored at –80°C. Metabolomic profiling was done using high resolution 800 MHz 1D 1H NMR spectroscopy. The urinary ratio of metabolites was calculated as (metabolite×1000)/creatinine. Disease activity was measured using the SLEDAI. Metabolomic profiles were compared between groups and correlated with clinical parameters. Results Compared to HC, LN patients had significantly lower median urinary citrate/creatinine levels (LN = 18.26, range 12.80–27.62; HC = 107.7, range 65.39–138.4; p < 0.0001) which significantly increased after six months of cyclophosphamide treatment (51.05, range 11.51–170.2; p = 0.03). LN patients also differed from HC by having a higher mean urinary acetate/creatinine ratio (LN = 17.44, range 11.6–32.7; HC = 9.61, range 7.97–13.71; p = 0.054) with a non-significant fall in values after six months of treatment. The Area under curve for differentiating LN from HC for urinary citrate was 0.9136, and urinary acetate was 0.6883. The urinary acetate levels correlated with SLEDAI ( r = 0.337, p = 0.048). Urinary citrate levels correlated positively with C3 ( r = 0.362, p = 0.03) and negatively with urine protein/creatinine ( r = −0.346, p = 0.039). Conclusions Urinary citrate, which reflects dampened aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, improved significantly and is a potential non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response in LN.
Clinical and economic impact of pharmacist interventions in an ambulatory hematology–oncology department
Authors: de Grégori Jonathan , Pistre Pauline , Boutet Meredith , Porcher Laura , Devaux Madeline , Pernot Corinne , L Chrétien Marie , Rossi Cédric , Manfredi Sylvain , Dalac Sophie , Gueneau Pauline , Boulin Mathieu 
Published: April 2020

Objectives To evaluate clinical and financial impact of pharmacist interventions in an ambulatory adult hematology–oncology department. Methods All cancer patients receiving a first injectable immuno- and/or chemotherapy regimen were included in this prospective study over a one-year period. The clinical impact of pharmacist interventions made by two clinical pharmacists was rated using the Clinical Economic and Organizational tool. Financial impact was calculated through cost savings and cost avoidance. Main results: Five hundred and fifty-eight patients were included. A total of 1970 pharmacist interventions were performed corresponding to a mean number of 3.5 pharmacist interventions/patient. The clinical impact of pharmacist interventions was classified as negative, null, minor, moderate, major and lethal in 0, 84 (4%), 1353 (68%), 385 (20%), 148 (8%) and 0 cases, respectively. The overall cost savings were €175,563. One hundred and nine (6%) of all pharmacist interventions concerned immuno- or chemotherapy regimen for cost savings of €148,032 (84% of the total amount of cost savings). The cost avoidance was €390,480. Cost avoidance results were robust to sensitivity analyses with cost of preventable adverse drug event as main driver of the model. When the cost of employing a pharmacist was subtracted from the average yearly cost savings plus cost avoidance per pharmacist, this yielded a net benefit of €223,021. The cost–benefit ratio of the clinical pharmacist was €3.7 for every €1 invested. Principal conclusions: To have two full-time clinical pharmacists in a 55-bed ambulatory adult hematology–oncology department is both clinically and financially beneficial.
Sex differences in cardio-metabolic and cognitive parameters in rats with high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Shin You Kyoung , Hsieh Yu Shan , Han A Young , Kwon Soonho , Seol Geun Hee 
Published: April 2020

Excessive dietary fat intake is related to metabolic dysfunction and enhances susceptibility to hypertension and cognitive impairment. Although there are sex differences in the prevalence and progression of these diseases, few studies have investigated sex differences in cardio-metabolic and cognitive parameters in rats with high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. To better reflect actual clinical conditions, sex-differences in rats with high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction were evaluated. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet to induce metabolic dysfunction and intraperitoneally injected with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and scopolamine to model vulnerability to hypertension and cognitive impairment, respectively, whereas control rats were fed a regular diet and treated with distilled water and 0.9% saline. Male experimental rats showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure than female experimental animals. More importantly, acetylcholine-induced relaxation of carotid arteries was decreased only in the male experimental rats, revealing a significant difference compared with female experimental rats. These findings provide evidence for individualized sex-based management of patients with metabolic dysfunction and susceptibilities to hypertension and cognitive impairment.Impact statementExcessive dietary fat intake plays important roles in the process of metabolic dysfunction and increases susceptibilities to chronic diseases such as hypertension. Few previous studies, however, have accurately reflected real-world medical conditions. In addition, studies performed to date have not examined detailed sex-differences in cardio-metabolic and cognitive parameters, precluding the development of sex-tailored interventions for patients with metabolic dysfunction who are susceptible to hypertension and cognitive impairment. In this study, using rats with HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction that made them susceptible to hypertension and cognitive impairment, we demonstrate that male rats show greater impairment of acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation of the carotid artery and systolic blood pressure compared to female rats. These findings may provide a basis for the early detection of carotid artery dysfunction and systolic blood pressure increase, especially in males.
D-mannose attenuates bone loss in mice via Treg cell proliferation and gut microbiota-dependent anti-inflammatory effects
Authors: Liu Hao , Gu Ranli , Zhu Yuan , Lian Xiaomin , Wang Siyi , Liu Xuenan , Ping Zhang , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: April 2020

Background: D-mannose exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties, but whether it has beneficial effects on preventing and treating osteoporosis remains unknown. Methods: Female, 12-month-old senile C57BL6/J mice (s-Man group) and 8-week-old ovariectomized C57BL6/J mice (OVX-Man group) were treated with D-mannose in drinking water for 2 months (six mice/group). Microcomputed tomography analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to investigate the effect of D-mannose on attenuation of bone loss. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of tissue sections, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and gut microbiome biodiversity tests were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results: D-mannose-induced marked increases in cortical bone volume and trabecular bone microarchitecture in the s-Man and OVX-Man group compared with that in the s-CTRL (senile control) and OVX group, respectively. Moreover, D-mannose downregulated osteoclastogenesis-related cytokines in the bone marrow and expanded regulatory T cells in the spleen of mice. Furthermore, D-mannose reconstructed the gut microbiota and changed the metabolite composition. Conclusion: D-mannose attenuated bone loss induced by senility and estrogen deficiency in mice, and this effect may be mediated by D-mannose-induced proliferation of regulatory T cells and gut microbiota-dependent anti-inflammatory effects.
Feline cutaneous nodular and ocular Cryptococcus neoformans in Belgium
Authors: Nunes Rodrigues Tania C , Stroobants Laura R , Vandenabeele Sophie I 
Published: April 2020

Case summary An 11-year-old spayed female cat presented with a 6-month history of a progressive nodular skin disease with concurrent, ocular lesions, intermittent vomiting, halitosis and weight loss. The cat had received different topical treatments without success prior to referral to the Dermatology Department of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University. Several fine-needle aspirations of the lesions showed a vast number of macrophages with intra-cytoplasmic inclusions compatible with Cryptococcus species. Histopathological examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with capsulated yeast. Periodic acid–Schiff stain was positive. Latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test on serum was positive with a titre of >1/524,288. PCR and fungal culture identified Cryptococcus neoformans. The cat was treated with itraconazole 10 mg/kg PO q24h. After 10 months of therapy, there was a complete resolution of the lesions except for a small nodule on the ventral aspect of the tongue. Relevance and novel information As far as we are aware, this is the first feline case reported of cutaneous nodular cryptococcosis without nasal involvement in Belgium. Oral itraconazole therapy was well tolerated and appeared to give a good result and prognosis.
Cross-cultural translation and validation of the Chinese Oxford Knee Score and the Activity and Participation Questionnaire
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wang Weijun , Wu Hao , Gao Anqi , Qiu Yong , Weng Wenjie , Price Andrew 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To cross-culturally translate and validate the Chinese versions of the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and the Activity and Participation Questionnaire (APQ) in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis who are also candidates for knee replacement. Methods: The Chinese version of the OKS and APQ was completed by standard forward–backward translation and adaption. The feasibility was validated by a pretest in 30 patients. The final version together with the Short Form-36 (SF-36), EQ-5D, and EQ visual analog scale were assessed in 150 patients, and the OKS and APQ were repeated in 30 patients after a 2-week interval. The psychometric properties of the OKS and APQ were evaluated for test–retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), internal consistency using Cronbach’s α, and construct validity using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results: All patients were able to understand and complete both the OKS and APQ without difficulty (i.e. no missing data). The ICCs were 0.959 for the OKS, 0.956 for the APQ for total scores, and >0.7 for each item. Cronbach’s α was greater than 0.7, and the corrected item-total correlation was greater than 0.4 for each item of both questionnaires. The OKS and APQ showed better correlations with questions from the pain and function domains than with those from the mental status domains of the SF-36 and EQ-5D. No floor or ceiling effect was identified in either questionnaire. Conclusions: The Chinese versions of the OKS and APQ are easy to understand and complete and showed good reliability and validity. They can be used to assess patient-reported outcomes after undergoing knee replacement in mainland China.
Management of comminuted mid-shaft clavicular fractures: Comparison between dual-plate fixation treatment and single-plate fixation
Authors: Zhuang Yunqiang , Zhang Yadi , Zhou Long , Zhang Jun , Jiang Gangqiang , Wu Ji 
Published: April 2020

Background: We consider dual-plate fixation to improve construct rigidity in cases with fracture complexity. The purpose of this study is to compare the rate of nonunion, prognosis, and complications at 6–12 months for surgically treated acute mid-shaft clavicle fractures when extra-periosteal dual-plate fixation is used in place of the conventional single-plate fixation. Materials and Methods: The comparative study was conducted on 47 patients who received acute mid-shaft clavicular fracture treatment in our hospital from March 2015 to July 2018. All patients were divided into dual-plate fixation treatment (group A) and single-plate fixation (group B). Patients undergoing single-plate fixation were compared to dual-plate fixation. Patients were followed up for 6–12 months. Charts were reviewed to assess union rates, prognosis, and complications. Results: Forty-seven clavicles (30 single plates and 17 dual plates) were evaluated. All patients (100%) in dual plating group and 128 (93.3%) in single plating group obtained bony union by 1 year. When comparing groups at 3 months, radiographic union was present in 50.0% of single plates and 64.7% in the dual plating group ( p = 0.032). However, at 6 months, no significant difference existed (90.0% vs. 94.1%, p = 0.297). Comparing groups at 1.5 and 6 months, Constant–Murley outcome scores were present with no significant difference ( p = 0.129, p = 0.054) between single plates and dual plating group. However, at 3 months, significance difference existed. Discussion: Three months after the operation, patients with dual-plate fixation showed good functional recovery. Extra-periosteal dual plating for acute mid-shaft clavicle fractures can be safely considered for the treatment of complex acute mid-shaft clavicle fractures without increasing the risk of nonunion or revision. Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation with an extra-periosteal dual plating technique is a reliable option for treatment of acute mid-shaft clavicle fractures, especially in the setting of severely comminuted fractures and in situations where bone quality is questionable and additional fixation is desired.
Selection and screening of drought tolerant high yielding chickpea genotypes based on physio-biochemical indices and multi-environmental yield trials
Authors: Shah Tariq Mahmud , Imran Muhammad , Atta Babar Manzoor , Ashraf M. Yasin , Hameed Amjad , Waqar Irem , Shafiq M. , Hussain Khalid , Naveed M. , Aslam M. , Maqbool Muhammad Amir 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Chickpea is one of the major legume crops being cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan. It is mainly grown on the marginal areas where, terminal drought stress is one of the serious threats to its productivity. For defining the appropriate selection criteria for screening drought tolerant chickpea genotypes, present study was conducted. Distinct chickpea germplasm was collected from different pulses breeding institutes of Pakistan and evaluated for drought tolerance at germination and early seedling stages, furthermore, at late vegetative growth stages physiochemical traits and multi-environment yield performance were also tested.

Results
Chickpea genotypes under different environments, were significantly varied for different seedling traits, physio-chemical attributes and seed yield. Genotypes showing drought tolerance by performing better at an early seedling stages were not correspondingly high yielding. Screening for drought tolerance on seed yield basis is the most appropriate trait to develop the drought tolerant as well as high yielding chickpea genotypes. Results confirmed that traits of early growth stages were not reflecting the drought tolerance at terminal growth stages and also did not confer high yielding. NIAB-rain fed environment proved ideal in nature to screen the chickpea genotypes whereas, NIAB-lysimeter and Kalur Kot was least effective for selecting genotypes with high seed yield. Genotypes D0091–10, K010–10, D0085–10, K005–10, D0078–10, 08AG016, 08AG004, D0080–10, 09AG002, K002–10 and D0099–10 were high yielding and drought tolerant based on their performance across multiple hotspot environments.

Conclusions
The selected genotypes are intended for further evaluation for varietal approval to recommend for general cultivation on farmer fields in drought hit areas of Pakistan. Among physio-biochemical traits, higher proline, glycine betain, RWC and CMS were reflecting the higher capability to tolerate the drought stress in chickpea. Drought sensitive genotypes (K0037–10, 2204, K0052–10, 09AG015, K0042–10, CM709/06, K0068–10, K004–10, K0026–10 and K0063–10) were also identified in present study which were resourceful asset for using as contrasting parents in hybridization programs. To our knowledge, this is first report using an integrated approach involving, physio-biochemical indices, and multi-environmental yield trials, for comparison, screening and selection of chickpea genotypes for drought tolerance.