bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GT‐seq panel for walleye (Sander vitreus) provides important insights for efficient development and implementation of amplicon panels in non‐model organisms
Authors: Bootsma Matthew L. , Gruenthal Kristen M. , McKinney Garrett J. , Simmons Levi , Miller Loren , Sass Greg G. , Larson Wesley A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTargeted amplicon sequencing methods, such as genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq), facilitate rapid, accurate, and cost‐effective analysis of hundreds of genetic loci in thousands of individuals. Development of GT‐seq panels is nontrivial, but studies describing trade‐offs associated with different steps of GT‐seq panel development are rare. Here, we construct a dual‐purpose GT‐seq panel for walleye (Sander vitreus), discuss trade‐offs associated with different development and genotyping approaches, and provide suggestions for researchers constructing their own GT‐seq panels. Our GT‐seq panel was developed using an ascertainment set consisting of restriction site‐associated DNA data from 954 individuals sampled from 23 populations in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. We conducted simulations to test the utility of all loci for parentage analysis and genetic stock identification and designed 600 primer pairs to maximize joint accuracy for these analyses. We then performed three rounds of primer optimization to remove loci that overamplified and our final panel consisted of 436 loci. We also explored different approaches for DNA extraction, multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and cleanup steps during the GT‐seq process and discovered the following: (i) inexpensive Chelex extractions performed well for genotyping; (ii) the exonuclease I and shrimp alkaline phosphatase (ExoSAP) procedure included in some current protocols did not improve results substantially and was probably unnecessary; and (iii) it was possible to PCR amplify panels separately and combine them prior to adapter ligation. Well‐optimized GT‐seq panels are valuable resources for conservation genetics and our findings and suggestions should aid in their construction in myriad taxa.
Aging aggravated liver ischemia and reperfusion injury by promoting STING‐mediated NLRP3 activation in macrophages
Authors: Zhong Weizhe , Rao Zhuqing , Rao Jianhua , Han Guoyong , Wang Ping , Jiang Tao , Pan Xiongxiong , Zhou Shun , Zhou Haoming , Wang Xuehao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough aggravated liver injury has been reported in aged livers post‐ischemia and reperfusion (IR), the underlying mechanism of innate immune activation of aged macrophages is not well understood. Here, we investigated whether and how Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling regulated macrophage proinflammatory activation and liver IR injury. Mice were subjected to hepatic IR in vivo. Macrophages isolated from IR‐stressed livers and bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) from young and aged mice were used for in vitro studies. Enhanced nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) activation was found in both livers and macrophages of aged mice post‐IR. NLRP3 knockdown in macrophages inhibited intrahepatic inflammation and liver injury in both young and aged mice. Interestingly, enhanced activation of the STING/ TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) signaling pathway was observed in aged macrophages post‐IR and mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) stimulation. STING suppression blocked over‐activation of NLRP3 signaling and excessive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the mtDNA‐stimulated BMDMs from aged mice. More importantly, STING knockdown in macrophages abrogated the detrimental role of aging in aggravating liver IR injury and intrahepatic inflammation. Finally, peripheral blood from the recipients undergoing liver transplantation was collected and analyzed. The results showed that the elderly recipients had much higher levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 post‐transplantation, indicating increased NLRP3 activation in lR‐stressed livers of elderly recipients. In summary, our study demonstrated that the STING‐NLRP3 axis was critical for the proinflammatory response of aged macrophages and would be a novel therapeutic target to reduce IR injury in elderly patients.
Incubation of alcohol craving as it naturally occurs in a developmentally diverse sample of dependent and nondependent drinkers
Authors: Treloar Padovano Hayley , Miranda Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLonger periods of abstinence are shown to enhance response to alcohol cues among alcohol‐dependent animals and humans, a phenomenon described as “incubation of craving.” The present work examined the effects of days since last drink on general craving and alcohol‐cued craving as it occurs in daily life and explored whether effects were influenced by age and dependence. Three samples were combined to include 266 drinkers ranging in age from 14 to 67 years recruited from the community; about half (59.4%) met criteria for alcohol dependence. Drinkers used handheld electronic devices to rate their subjective alcohol craving (assessed as “urge to drink”) and situational context (e.g., presence of visible alcohol cues) at nondrinking times in daily life, with days since last alcohol use culled from timeline follow‐back interviews and real‐world reports. Drinkers at the lower end of the age range in this sample reported greater intensification of craving with more days of continuous abstinence than drinkers at the upper end of the age range. Age was not related to incubation of cue‐elicited craving, in specific, however. For drinkers with dependence, craving when in the presence of visible alcohol cues intensified with more days of continuous abstinence, suggesting craving incubation. This study builds from important foundational work to demonstrate that incubation of cue‐elicited craving occurs in dependent drinkers and applies regardless of age. Inasmuch as craving is a motivational drive that maintains alcohol use, understanding factors that influence craving in daily life holds promise for improving clinical care.
Influences on children's voices in family support services: Practitioner perspectives
Authors: Harkin Jo‐anne , Stafford Lisa , Leggatt‐Cook Chez 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAustralia's 2017 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse recommended to organizations that children should participate in decisions affecting their lives as a safety standard. While a substantial body of research about children's voices in statutory or out‐of‐home care now exists, there remains a paucity of research into children's voices in family support services delivered by nongovernment organizations. This is despite the primary service purpose being to benefit children. This lack of focus in family support was identified as a research priority by a nongovernment organization in Queensland, Australia, which lead to a collaborative research programme. This article reports on initial research from a survey study to describe the current state of play from practitioners into their perceptions and practices of children's participation in family support contexts. A voluntary and anonymous online, qualitative‐predominate survey was opened to 110 practitioners in family support services, of which 50% responded. The findings identified that children's voices were compromised by perceptions of children's capacity relating to age and vulnerability, the parental focus of the service coupled with perceptions of parent's needs and gatekeeping behaviours and service pressures that work against the conditions required for children's rights to voice.
Clinical characteristics of congenital toxoplasmosis with poor outcome in Japan: A nationwide survey and literature review
Authors: Hijikata Midori , Okahashi Aya , Nagano Nobuhiko , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe clinical characteristics of congenital toxoplasmosis cases with poor outcomes in Japan were analyzed. Ten cases were selected, identified from a nationwide survey by the Japan Society for Neonatal Health and Development and a literature review. Based on outcomes, two fatal cases showed generalized symptoms at birth; four cases with neurological sequelae showed the three main congenital toxoplasmosis manifestations (chorioretinitis, intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus); four cases with ophthalmological sequelae showed only one or two of the three main manifestations. Eight cases with poor outcomes were not prenatally diagnosed with congenital toxoplasma infection or suspected maternal toxoplasma infection. The outcome of congenital toxoplasmosis might differ depending on the symptomology.
Tensor‐valued diffusion MRI differentiates cortex and white matter in malformations of cortical development associated with epilepsy
Authors: Lampinen Björn , Zampeli Ariadne , Björkman‐Burtscher Isabella M. , Szczepankiewicz Filip , Källén Kristina , Compagno Strandberg Maria , Nilsson Markus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveDelineation of malformations of cortical development (MCD) is central in presurgical evaluation of drug‐resistant epilepsy. Delineation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be ambiguous, however, because the conventional T1‐ and T2‐weighted contrasts depend strongly on myelin for differentiation of cortical tissue and white matter. Variations in myelin content within both cortex and white matter may cause MCD findings on MRI to change size, become undetectable, or disagree with histopathology. The novel tensor‐valued diffusion MRI (dMRI) technique maps microscopic diffusion anisotropy, which is sensitive to axons rather than myelin. This work investigated whether tensor‐valued dMRI may improve differentiation of cortex and white matter in the delineation of MCD.MethodsTensor‐valued dMRI was performed on a 7 T MRI scanner in 13 MCD patients (age = 32 ± 13 years) featuring periventricular heterotopia, subcortical heterotopia, focal cortical dysplasia, and polymicrogyria. Data analysis yielded maps of microscopic anisotropy that were compared with T1‐weighted and T2‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images and with the fractional anisotropy from diffusion tensor imaging.ResultsMaps of microscopic anisotropy revealed large white matter‐like regions within MCD that were uniformly cortex‐like in the conventional MRI contrasts. These regions were seen particularly in the deep white matter parts of subcortical heterotopias and near the gray‐white boundaries of focal cortical dysplasias and polymicrogyrias.SignificanceBy being sensitive to axons rather than myelin, mapping of microscopic anisotropy may yield a more robust differentiation of cortex and white matter and improve MCD delineation in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy.
Rice production and food security in Asian Mega deltas—A review on characteristics, vulnerabilities and agricultural adaptation options to cope with climate change
Authors: Schneider Pia , Asch Folkard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAsian Mega deltas (AMDs) are among the world´s most important rice‐growing areas and vital for food security. This review describes the major environmental and agricultural characteristics as well as current and future threats to food production and livelihood, using three AMDs as examples, namely the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, the Ayeyarwady delta in Myanmar and the Mekong River delta in Vietnam. In addition, we analysed the most widely used agricultural adaptation methods in these areas. The major threat to agriculture is salinity intrusion and water scarcity, which consequently leads to a shortage of irrigation water and yield reduction. The most common applied agricultural adaptation strategies are the use of salt‐tolerant varieties and the adjustment of cropping calendars, as well as the use of water‐saving technologies. It was found that there are many concepts that address individual problems, but a comprehensive and integrated concept for delta regions to adapt to climate change is still missing.
Antihypertensive medication use and blood pressure control among treated older adults
Authors: Ernst Michael E. , Chowdhury Enayet K. , Nelson Mark R. , Reid Christopher M. , Margolis Karen L. , Beilin Lawrence , Stocks Nigel P. , Murray Anne M. , Wolfe Rory , Lockery Jessica E. , Orchard Suzanne G. , Woods Robyn L. , McNeil John J. ,   the ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe association of different antihypertensive regimens with blood pressure (BP) control is not well‐described among community‐dwelling older adults with low comorbidity. We examined antihypertensive use and BP control in 10 062 treated hypertensives from Australia and the United States (US) using baseline data from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial. Renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) drugs were the most prevalently used antihypertensive in both countries (Australia: 81.7% of all regimens; US: 62.9% of all regimens; P < .001). Diuretics were the next most commonly used antihypertensive in both countries, but were more often included in regimens of US participants (48.9%, vs 33.3% of regimens in Australia; P < .001). Among all antihypertensive classes and possible combinations, monotherapy with a RAS drug was the most common regimen in both countries, but with higher prevalence in Australian than US participants (35.9% vs 20.9%; P < .001). For both monotherapy and combination users, BP control rates across age, ethnicity, and sex were consistently lower in Australian than US participants. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI, significantly lower BP control rates remained in Australian compared to US participants for the most commonly used classes and regimens (RAS blocker monotherapy: BP control = 45.5% vs 54.2%; P = .002; diuretic monotherapy: BP control = 45.2% vs 64.5%; P = .001; and RAS blocker/diuretic combo: BP control = 50.2% vs 65.6%; P = .001). Our findings highlight variation in antihypertensive use in older adults treated for hypertension, with implications for BP control. Differences in BP control that were observed may be influenced, in part, by reasons other than choice of specific regimens.
An extracellular vesicle epitope profile is associated with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Burrello Jacopo , Bolis Sara , Balbi Carolina , Burrello Alessio , Provasi Elena , Caporali Elena , Gauthier Lorenzo Grazioli , Peirone Andrea , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Monticone Silvia , Barile Lucio , Vassalli Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current standard biomarker for myocardial infarction (MI) is high‐sensitive troponin. Although powerful in clinical setting, search for new markers is warranted as early diagnosis of MI is associated with improved outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) attracted considerable interest as new blood biomarkers. A training cohort used for diagnostic modelling included 30 patients with STEMI, 38 with stable angina (SA) and 30 matched‐controls. Extracellular vesicle concentration was assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Extracellular vesicle surface‐epitopes were measured by flow cytometry. Diagnostic models were developed using machine learning algorithms and validated on an independent cohort of 80 patients. Serum EV concentration from STEMI patients was increased as compared to controls and SA. EV levels of CD62P, CD42a, CD41b, CD31 and CD40 increased in STEMI, and to a lesser extent in SA patients. An aggregate marker including EV concentration and CD62P/CD42a levels achieved non‐inferiority to troponin, discriminating STEMI from controls (AUC = 0.969). A random forest model based on EV biomarkers discriminated the two groups with 100% accuracy. EV markers and RF model confirmed high diagnostic performance at validation. In conclusion, patients with acute MI or SA exhibit characteristic EV biomarker profiles. EV biomarkers hold great potential as early markers for the management of patients with MI.
Lysosomal dysfunction of corneal fibroblasts underlies the pathogenesis of Granular Corneal Dystrophy Type 2 and can be rescued by TFEB
Authors: Choi Seung‐il , Woo Jong Hwan , Kim Eung Kweon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGranular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) is the most common form of transforming growth factor β‐induced (TGFBI) gene‐linked corneal dystrophy and is pathologically characterized by the corneal deposition of mutant‐TGFBIp. The defective autophagic degradation of pathogenic mutant‐TGFBIp has been shown in GCD2; however, its exact mechanisms are unknown. To address this, we investigated lysosomal functions using corneal fibroblasts. Levels of cathepsins K and L (CTSK and CTSL) were significantly decreased in GCD2 cells, but of cathepsins B and D (CTSB and CTSD) did not change. The maturation of the pro‐enzymes to their active forms (CTSB, CTSK and CTSL) was inhibited in GCD2 cells. CTSL enzymes directly degraded both LC3 (autophagosomes marker) and mutant‐TGFBIp. Exogenous CTSL expression dramatically reduced mutant‐TGFBIp in GCD2 cells, but not TGFBIp in WT cells. An increased lysosomal pH and clustered lysosomal perinuclear position were found in GCD2 cells. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) levels were significantly reduced in GCD2 cells, compared to WT. Notably, exogenous TFEB expression improved mutant‐TGFBIp clearance and lysosomal abnormalities in GCD2 cells. Taken together, lysosomal dysfunction in the corneal fibroblasts underlies the pathogenesis of GCD2, and TFEB has a therapeutic potential in the treatment of GCD2.
Design and performance evaluation of a passive flat plate collector solar dryer for agricultural products
Authors: Babar Onkar A , Tarafdar Ayon , Malakar Santanu , Arora Vinkel Kumar , Nema Prabhat K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA passive flat plate collector solar dryer (FPC‐SD) was designed and fabricated for drying of agricultural products. It has drying capacity of 7.5 kg, drying chamber cross sectional area of 0.74 m × 0.58 m, collector aspect ratio 2, collector depth of 0.25 m and hence volume of 0.5 m3. Total pressure drop across drying bed ΔPT was 1.29 kg/m2. The difference between the dryer inlet and ambient temperature was recorded for certain days and was 24.6°C at 1.30 p.m. with average solar insolation of 882.35 W/m2. Performance of FPC‐SD was evaluated by drying mushroom under sun drying and passive FPC solar dryer. The moisture ratio of the samples reached zero in 33 hr for sun drying while 21 hr for FPC‐SD. Solar drying took 36.36% lesser time than open sun drying.Practical applicationsThe designed and fabricated flat plate collector (FPC) solar dryer incorporated with a phase change material is a farmer's friendly unit, which can dry agricultural products at farm level. Traditional open sun drying is usually practiced by farmers for drying of fruits and vegetables which generates wastage and also is an energy inefficient process. It also results in loss of nutritional quality due to slow and intermittent drying. The solar dryer is a sustainable and environment friendly farmer's gadget for drying of fruit and vegetables with better retention of the quality. The phase change material helps to prolong the operation even after sunset and thus this continuous operation accomplishes the drying process sooner. Incorporation of phase change material as thermal storage unit helps in improving its performance. Present FPC‐SD helps carry out drying in nearly 35 to 40% lesser time than open sun drying.
Gut microbiota signatures and clinical manifestations in celiac disease children at onset: a pilot study
Authors: Di Biase Anna Rita , Marasco Giovanni , Ravaioli Federico , Dajti Elton , Colecchia Luigi , Righi Beatrice , D'Amico Virginia , Festi Davide , Iughetti Lorenzo , Colecchia Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimRecent researches have shown an altered gut microbiota in celiac disease (CD) patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). This study aims to evaluate the composition of the microbiota of CD children at onset and the relationship between bacterial abundances and symptoms.MethodsCeliac disease patients were consecutively enrolled at a pediatric unit referring for suspected CD. HCs were also included in the study. Stool and duodenal samples were collected and evaluated by a high taxonomic fingerprint microbiota array.ResultsThirty‐seven subjects enrolled: 21 CD patients and 16 HCs. Fourteen subjects were male (38%). The mean age was 75 months (standard deviation 31.5) for CD patients and 71 months (standard deviation 34.9) for HCs. Duodenal microbiota of CD patients showed a dominance of Enterobacteriaceae and subdominance of Bacteroidetes/Streptococcus. Stool microbiota showed a lower abundance of Bacteroides–Prevotella (P = 0.013), Akkermansia (P = 0.002), and Staphylococcaceae (P = 0.001) in CD patients compared with HC. At symptoms level, an increased mean relative abundance of Bacillaceae and Enterobaeriaceae in patients with abdominal pain (P = 0.007 and P = 0.010) was found. CD patients with diarrhea had reduced mean relative abundance of Clostridium cluster XIVa (P = 0.044) and Akkermansia (P = 0.033) and an increase in Bacillaceae (P = 0.048) and Fusobacterium (P = 0.048).ConclusionsGut microbiota of CD children at disease onset is different from that of HC. Pro‐inflammatory microbiota imbalances were associated with CD symptoms. Further studies are needed to assess whether dysbiosis is associated with CD early onset and symptoms.
Nurses' knowledge on routine care and maintenance of adult vascular access devices: A scoping review
Authors: Raynak Andrea , Paquet France , Marchionni Caroline , Lok Valerie , Gauthier Mélanie , Frati Francesca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVascular access devices (VAD), centrally (CVAD) or peripherally (PIV) located, are common in the nursing profession. A high proportion of admitted patients require a VAD to enable administration of intravenous treatments or diagnostic modalities. As the primary caregivers for these patients, nurses are responsible for ongoing care and maintenance of these devices.ObjectiveThis scoping review examines the current state of practicing nurses knowledge around routine care and maintenance of adult VADs.MethodsIn the fall of 2018, the following databases were searched: Medline‐Ovid 1946 to current, Embase‐Ovid 1947 to current, Ebsco CINAHL Plus with full text and ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health database, and articles were selected according to the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. Inclusion criteria: original research published in peer‐reviewed journals; in English or French; and focused on practising nurses’ knowledge about the routine care and maintenance of adult VADs.ResultsOf the 4,099 abstracts identified, 36 full‐text articles were included. Study characteristics are reportedin addition to themes found in the literature: the relationship between demographic data and CVAD/PIV knowledge, the state of nurses’ CVAD/PIV knowledge and nurses’ CVAD/PIV knowledge scores. Overall, significant gaps in nurses’ knowledge on the care and maintenance of VADs are noted.ConclusionThe variability in nurses’ knowledge around both CVAD and PIV led the authors to conclude that there is room for improvement in the educational preparation of nurses and a need for workplace training.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis scoping review intends to highlight the knowledge gap of nurses with regard to best practices for VAD routine care and maintenance and demonstrate the need for education, both in educational and healthcare institutions, to ensure high‐quality care and improved patient outcomes.