bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VEGF/Flk1 Mechanism is Involved in Roxarsone Promotion of Rat Endothelial Cell Growth and B16F10 Xenograft Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Chen Shihao , Xu Jinge , Wei Qianhan , Zhao Zeting , Chen Xin , Cui Hengmi , Zhang Yumei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe potential angiogenic effect of roxarsone, a feed additive widely used to promote animal growth worldwide, was demonstrated recently. We explored the mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) in roxarsone promotion of rat vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and B16F10 mouse xenografts. ECs were treated with 0.1–50 μM roxarsone or with roxarsone plus 10 ng/mL VEGF, VEGFR1 (Flt1), or VEGFR2 (Flk1) antibodies for 12–48 h to examine their role in cell growth promotion. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Vegf, Flt1, and Flk1 were transfected in the ECs, and we measured the expression level, cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability. The siRNA targeting Vegf or Flk1 were injected intratumorally in the B16F10 xenografts of mice that received 25 mg/kg roxarsone orally. Cell viability and VEGF expression following roxarsone treatment were significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05), peaking following treatment with 1.0 μM roxarsone. Compared to roxarsone alone, the VEGF antibody decreased cell promotion by roxarsone (P < 0.05), and the Flk1 antibody greatly reduced cell viability compared to the Flt1 antibody (P < 0.01). Roxarsone and Flk1 antibody co-treatment increased supernatant VEGF significantly, while cellular VEGF was obviously decreased (P < 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference following Flt1 antibody blockade. The siRNA against Vegf or Flk1 significantly attenuated the roxarsone promotion effects on EC proliferation, migration, and tube-like formation (P < 0.01), whereas the siRNA against Flt1 effected no obvious differences. Furthermore, the RNA interference significantly weakened the roxarsone-induced increase in xenograft weight and volume, and VEGF and Flk1 expression. Roxarsone promotion of rat EC growth, migration, and tube-like formation in vitro and of B16F10 mouse xenograft model tumor growth and angiogenesis involves a VEGF/Flk1 mechanism.
Automated detection and quantification of breast cancer brain metastases in an animal model using democratized machine learning tools
Authors: Sikpa Dina , Fouquet Jérémie P. , Lebel Réjean , Diamandis Phedias , Richer Maxime , Lepage Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdvances in digital whole-slide imaging and machine learning (ML) provide new opportunities for automated examination and quantification of histopathological slides to support pathologists and biologists. However, implementation of ML tools often requires advanced skills in computer science that may not be immediately available in the traditional wet-lab environment. Here, we propose a simple and accessible workflow to automate detection and quantification of brain epithelial metastases on digitized histological slides. We leverage 100 Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images (WSIs) from 25 Balb/c mice with various level of brain metastatic tumor burden. A supervised training of the Trainable Weka Segmentation (TWS) from Fiji was achieved from annotated WSIs. Upon comparison with manually drawn regions, it is apparent that the algorithm learned to identify and segment cancer cell-specific nuclei and normal brain tissue. Our approach resulted in a robust and highly concordant correlation between automated metastases quantification of brain metastases and manual human assessment (R2 = 0.8783; P < 0.0001). This simple approach is amenable to other similar analyses, including that of human tissues. Widespread adoption of these tools aims to democratize ML and improve precision in traditionally qualitative tasks in histopathology-based research.
Volatile DMNT systemically induces jasmonate-independent direct anti-herbivore defense in leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) plants
Authors: Meents Anja K. , Chen Shi-Peng , Reichelt Michael , Lu Hsueh-Han , Bartram Stefan , Yeh Kai-Wun , Mithöfer Axel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlants perceive and respond to volatile signals in their environment. Herbivore-infested plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which can initiate systemic defense reactions within the plant and contribute to plant-plant communication. Here, for Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) leaves we show that among various herbivory-induced plant volatiles, (E)-4,8–dimethyl–1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) had the highest abundance of all emitted compounds. This homoterpene was found being sufficient for a volatile-mediated systemic induction of defensive Sporamin protease inhibitor activity in neighboring sweet potato plants. The systemic induction is jasmonate independent and does not need any priming-related challenge. Induced emission and responsiveness to DMNT is restricted to a herbivory-resistant cultivar (Tainong 57), while a susceptible cultivar, Tainong 66, neither emitted amounts comparable to Tainong 57, nor showed reaction to DMNT. This is consistent with the finding that Spodoptera larvae feeding on DMNT-exposed cultivars gain significantly less weight on Tainong 57 compared to Tainong 66. Our results indicate a highly specific, single volatile-mediated plant-plant communication in sweet potato.
Gas-Phase Synthesis for Label-Free Biosensors: Zinc-Oxide Nanowires Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Danielson E. , Dhamodharan V. , Porkovich A. , Kumar P. , Jian N. , Ziadi Z. , Grammatikopoulos P. , Sontakke V. A. , Yokobayashi Y. , Sowwan M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal oxide semiconductor nanowires have important applications in label-free biosensing due to their ease of fabrication and ultralow detection limits. Typically, chemical functionalization of the oxide surface is necessary for specific biological analyte detection. We instead demonstrate the use of gas-phase synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to decorate zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW) devices for biosensing applications. Uniform ZnO NW devices were fabricated using a vapor-solid-liquid method in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace. Magnetron-sputtering of a Au target combined with a quadrupole mass filter for cluster size selection was used to deposit Au NPs on the ZnO NWs. Without additional functionalization, we electrically detect DNA binding on the nanowire at sub-nanomolar concentrations and visualize individual DNA strands using atomic force microscopy (AFM). By attaching a DNA aptamer for streptavidin to the biosensor, we detect both streptavidin and the complementary DNA strand at sub-nanomolar concentrations. Au NP decoration also enables sub-nanomolar DNA detection in passivated ZnO NWs that are resilient to dissolution in aqueous solutions. This novel method of biosensor functionalization can be applied to many semiconductor materials for highly sensitive and label-free detection of a wide range of biomolecules.
Integrated Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Glycomics Reveals the Association between Up-regulation of Sialylated N-glycans/Integrin and Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis
Authors: Peng Wenjing , zhu Rui , Zhou Shiyue , Mirzaei Parvin , Mechref Yehia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBreast cancer brain metastasis has been recognized as one of the central issues in breast cancer research. The elucidation of the processes and pathways that mediate this step will provide important clues for a better understanding of breast cancer metastasis. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant glycosylation patterns greatly contribute to cell invasion and cancer metastasis. Herein, we combined next-generation RNA sequencing with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic and N-glycomic analysis from five breast cancer cell lines and one brain cancer cell line to investigate the possible mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastasis. The genes/proteins associated with cell movement were highlighted in breast cancer brain metastasis. The integrin signaling pathway and the up-regulation of α-integrin (ITGA2, ITGA3) were associated with the brain metastatic process. 12 glycogenes showed unique expression in 231BR, which could result in an increase of sialylation during brain metastasis. In agreement with the changes of glycogenes, 60 out of 63 N-glycans that were identified exhibited differential expression among cell lines. The correlation between glycogenes and glycans revealed the importance of sialylation and sialylated glycans in breast cancer brain metastasis. Highly sialylated N-glycans, which were up-regulated in brain-seeking cell line 231BR, likely play a role in brain metastasis.
Mechanochemical synthesis of carbon-stabilized Cu/C, Co/C and Ni/C nanocomposites with prolonged resistance to oxidation
Authors: Galaburda Mariia , Kovalska Evgeniya , Hogan Benjamin T. , Baldycheva Anna , Nikolenko Andrii , Dovbeshko Galina I. , Oranska Olena I. , Bogatyrov Viktor M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal-carbon nanocomposites possess attractive physical-chemical properties compared to their macroscopic counterparts. They are important and unique nanosystems with applications including in the future development of nanomaterial enabled sensors, polymer fillers for electromagnetic radiation shields, and catalysts for various chemical reactions. However, synthesis of these nanocomposites typically employs toxic solvents and hazardous precursors, leading to environmental and health concerns. Together with the complexity of the synthetic processes involved, it is clear that a new synthesis route is required. Herein, Cu/C, Ni/C and Co/C nanocomposites were synthesized using a two-step method including mechanochemical treatment of polyethylene glycol and acetates of copper, nickel and cobalt, followed by pyrolysis of the mixtures in an argon flow at 700 °C. Morphological and structural analysis of the synthesized nanocomposites show their core-shell nature with average crystallite sizes of 50 (Cu/C), 18 (Co/C) and 20 nm (Ni/C) respectively. The carbon shell originates from disordered sp2 carbon (5.2–17.2 wt.%) with a low graphitization degree. The stability and prolonged resistance of composites to oxidation in air arise from the complete embedding of the metal core into the carbon shell together with the presence of surface oxide layer of metal nanoparticles. This approach demonstrates an environmentally friendly method of mechanochemistry for controllable synthesis of metal-carbon nanocomposites.
Behavioural and dopaminergic changes in double mutated human A30P*A53T alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse model of Parkinson´s disease
Authors: Kilpeläinen Tommi , Julku Ulrika H. , Svarcbahs Reinis , Myöhänen Timo T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlpha-synuclein (aSyn) is the main component of Lewy bodies, the histopathological marker in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and point mutations and multiplications of the aSyn codingSNCAgene correlate with early onset PD. Therefore, various transgenic mouse models overexpressing native or point-mutated aSyn have been developed. Although these models show highly increased aSyn expression they rarely capture dopaminergic cell loss and show a behavioural phenotype only at old age, whereasSNCAmutations are risk factors for PD with earlier onset. The aim of our study was to re-characterize a transgenic mouse strain carrying both A30P and A53T mutated human aSyn. Our study revealed decreased locomotor activity for homozygous transgenic mice starting from 3 months of age which was different from previous studies with this mouse strain that had behavioural deficits starting only after 7–9 months. Additionally, we found a decreased amphetamine response in locomotor activity and decreased extracellular dopaminergic markers in the striatum and substantia nigra with significantly elevated levels of aSyn oligomers. In conclusion, homozygous transgenic A30P*A53T aSyn mice capture several phenotypes of PD with early onset and could be a useful tool for aSyn studies.
Selenium nanoparticles alleviate hyperlipidemia and vascular injury in ApoE-deficient mice by regulating cholesterol metabolism and reducing oxidative stress
Authors: Guo Leilei , Xiao Junying , Liu Haijuan , Liu Hongmei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases represent the greatest threats to human health worldwide. This study was designed to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE−/−) mice fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet. The results demonstrated that animals either treated with SeNPs (50 μg Se per kg per day) or with atorvastatin (10 mg per kg per day) alone showed significant relief of vascular injury after 8 weeks of treatment. SeNPs could obviously decrease the level of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas increase serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. At the same time, SeNPs regulated the expression levels of key genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in the liver. Furthermore, SeNPs significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation level, but increased the NO level and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the serum and liver. SeNPs also increased the expression levels of antioxidant selenoenzymes or selenoproteins in the liver. In addition, SeNPs could alleviate H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress by upregulating the activities of SOD and GPx in endothelial cells cultured in vitro. These results suggested that SeNPs could significantly alleviate hyperlipidemia and vascular injury in ApoE−/− mice, possibly by regulating cholesterol metabolism and reducing oxidative stress through antioxidant selenoenzymes/selenoproteins. SeNPs might be a potential candidate for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
DNA methylation in the vertebrate germline: balancing memory and erasure
Authors: Ortega-Recalde Oscar , Hore Timothy Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cytosine methylation is a DNA modification that is critical for vertebrate development and provides a plastic yet stable information module in addition to the DNA code. DNA methylation memory establishment, maintenance and erasure is carefully balanced by molecular machinery highly conserved among vertebrates. In mammals, extensive erasure of epigenetic marks, including 5-methylcytosine (5mC), is a hallmark of early embryo and germline development. Conversely, global cytosine methylation patterns are preserved in at least some non-mammalian vertebrates over comparable developmental windows. The evolutionary mechanisms which drove this divergence are unknown, nevertheless a direct consequence of retaining epigenetic memory in the form of 5mC is the enhanced potential for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI). Given that DNA methylation dynamics remains underexplored in most vertebrate lineages, the extent of information transferred to offspring by epigenetic modification might be underestimated.
Non-gravitational effects change the original 1/a-distribution of near-parabolic comets
Authors: Królikowska Małgorzata 
Published: November 2019

Context.The original 1∕a-distribution is the only observational basis for the origin of long-period comets (LPCs) and the dynamical properties of the Oort Cloud. Although they are very subtle in the motion of these comets, non-gravitational effects can cause major changes in the original semimajor axis, 1∕aori.Aims.We obtained reliable non-gravitational orbits for as many LPCs with small perihelion distances ofq< 3.1 au as possible, and determined the corresponding shape of the Oort spike.Methods.We determined the osculating orbits of each comet using several data-processing methods, and selected the preferred orbit using a few specific criteria. The distribution of 1∕aorifor the whole comet sample was constructed using the individual Gaussian distribution we obtained for the preferred solution of each comet.Results.The derived distribution of 1∕aorifor almost all known small-perihelion Oort spike comets was based on 64% of the non-gravitational orbits. This was compared with the distribution based on purely gravitational orbits, as well as with 1∕aoriconstructed earlier for LPCs withq> 3.1 au. We present a statistical analysis of the magnitudes of the non-gravitational acceleration for about 100 LPCs.Conclusions.The 1∕aori-distribution, which is based mainly on the non-gravitational orbits of small-perihelion Oort spike comets, is shifted by about 10 × 10−6au−1to higher values of 1∕aoricompared with the distribution that is obtained when the non-gravitational effects on comet motion are ignored. We show the differences in the 1∕aori-distributions between LPCs withq< 3.1 au and those withq> 3.1 au. These findings indicate the important role of non-gravitational acceleration in the motion and origin of LPCs and in the formation of the Oort Cloud.
Transitionspsychiatrie in der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung
Authors: Berg Gundolf , Roth-Sackenheim Christa 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Übergang von der ambulanten kinder- und jugendpsychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Versorgung in die nachfolgende Versorgung im Erwachsenenbereich kann für psychisch kranke junge Menschen durch mehrere Systemwechsel problematisch sein. Der Beitrag beschreibt die strukturellen Schwierigkeiten und formuliert Forderungen zur Verbesserung der „Staffelübergabe“ im vertragsärztlichen Bereich.
Therapie postoperativer intraabdomineller Infektionen
Authors: Eckmann Christian 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPostoperative intraabdominelle Infektionen (IAI) stellen eine ebenso wichtige wie heterogene Krankheitsgruppe dar, die durch bakterielle oder fungale Erreger verursacht werden. Es ist komplex, die verschiedenen Entitäten durch klare Definitionen zu differenzieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, das aktuelle Wissen bezüglich klinischer Symptomatik und mikrobieller Ökologie zusammenzufassen. Ferner wird erläutert, wie entscheidend eine frühzeitige chirurgische oder interventionelle Fokussanierung in Kombination mit einer adäquaten antibakteriellen bzw. antifungalen Therapie für die Prognose der betroffenen Patienten ist.
Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome after Carotid Revascularization: A Brief Review
Authors: Anand Saurabh , Sahoo Asish K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCerebral hyperperfusion (CHS) syndrome is a relatively rare but potentially devastating event that can complicate carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting. It is associated with increased cerebral perfusion usually more than 100% from the baseline along with ipsilateral headache, seizures, focal neurological deficits, encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Various risk factors have been identified but most important risk factor is preprocedure evidence of reduced cerebral vasoreactivity with or without contralateral severe carotid stenosis or occlusion. Although diagnosis is suspected in patients with clinical suspicion, it can be radiologically demonstrated with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and by dynamic imaging of cerebral perfusion such as transcranial Doppler (TCD), CT, and MR perfusion, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Management is usually centered around prompt recognition and active regulation of blood pressure in perioperative and postoperative periods to limit the rise of cerebral blood flow. Prognosis depends on the early detection and prompt management of CHS. If detected early, coupled with intensive blood pressure management, almost all patients will recover over a period of time. For those patients who are diagnosed late and those progressing to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), the prognosis is not nearly as good.
A Cadaveric Study of Human Spleen and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Gujar Subhash M , Oza Sunil G , Shekhawat Jaidevsingh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background & Aim: Spleen is an important lymphatic organ that is connected to the blood vascular system. It is important component of the reticulo-endothelial system. The aim of study was to find out the morphological variations in spleen & compare it with previous studies. Material and Methods: The present study was done on 66 human adult spleens belonging to both sexes. Various morphological features of spleen like length, breadth, width and weight were measured. Shape, borders, poles and surfaces of spleen were observed. Results: The weight of spleens was between 30 Gms to 390 Gms, with an average of 139.5 Gms. 40.91% of the spleens were wedge shaped followed by tetrahedral (27.27%), triangular (18.18%), oval (9.1%) and irregular (4.55%). The length of the spleens varied between 5.10 cm to 14.8 cm with average of 9.41 cms. Their breadths were between 4.3 cms to 11 cms with average of 6.4 cms and width was between 2 cms to 5.5 cms with an average of 3.3 cms. In most of the cases, splenic notches were present on the superior border (50%) followed by on both borders (21.21%). Ten spleens had no notches on either of its borders. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for physicians, surgeons, radiologists and anatomists.
Bilateral Supernumerary Renal Arteries with variant Ureteric Relation and their Embryological and Clinical Significance
Authors: Gunasekaran Vidya , Raj Gladwin Victor , Kishore Aravindhan , Chand Parkash 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVariations in the renal vasculature always deserve a special attention owing to its higher prevalence and wider range. A thorough knowledge of the normal morphology and the variations in the origin, course, branches and distribution of the renal vasculature are essential for the successful outcome of the surgical interventions in this region without dreadful complications. During routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students following the standard procedures, dissection of the retroperitoneal region in a male cadaver, revealed bilateral variations in the number, origin, course and branches of the renal arteries.The renal arteries with its branches were dissected out meticulously and the variations encountered were documented. Bilateral supernumerary renal arteries with extra-hilar and pre-hilar branches were observed. In addition, it was found that the supernumerary inferior pre- caval right renal artery had a variant course in relation to ureter before entering the hilum of the right kidney. The variant renal arteries documented in the present study with their embryological correlation is clinically important in the urological management, especially during the laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, where the field of vision is limited and also in the endovascular renal artery denervation procedure, which is an useful adjuvant for the patients having drug-resistant primary hypertension.