bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems of increasing the innovation activity of industrial enterprises in the context of global competition
Authors: Brauweiler H-Ch , Kurchenkov V V , Fetisova O V , Ponomareva L V , Kurchenkova E A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the increasing innovation activity of Russian enterprises in the context of global competition. It describes the rise in intensity of competition as a result of the decrease in the main market players and the increase in the scale of their economic activity. The authors analyze the tendency of growth of the incubation cycle duration of new developments in industrial enterprises of high-tech industries which makes it commensurate with the life cycle of new technology or a new product. It is proved that innovation activity of the industrial enterprise, on the one hand, can, under certain conditions, bring extra income due to the growth of labor productivity and reduction of internal costs. On the other hand, extra income is brought by obtaining a new market segment through the implementation of the innovation product. The article also describes the influence of innovation activity of industrial enterprises on the structure of investments in fixed assets and the duration of the investment cycle.
Conservation and rational use of natural resources: methods of circular economy assessment
Authors: Gureva Maria Andreevna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Issues of resource conservation in terms of inclusion of raw materials and advanced technologies of environmental management are indisputably important in modern production and consumption development. The scientific community focuses on the development of technological methods for cyclic use of raw materials, construction of logistics supply chains, introduction and modernization of circular processes in production. The next logical stage of the study is to analyse various tools for assessment of circular economy development, promoting conservation and sustainable use of various natural resources; the article defines the main differences and results of the analysis. Carried out with the financial support of the Grant of the President of the Russian Federation to support young scientists Candidates of Sciences in the study MK-587.2019.6 “Development of theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of circular economy as a new trend in the formation of sustainable socio-economic space.”
Using Russian Federation taxes information and analytical system to monitor economic condition of the manufacturing industry
Authors: Ksenofontov A A , Kamaletdinov A Sh , Trifonov I V , Trifonov P V , Cherepovskaya N A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a study of the financial and economic state and functioning of economic sectors of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation based on the application of advanced information technologies. This study aims to analyse the performance of the Russian Federation national economy and the economy of 85 Russian Federation constituent subjects with a breakdown by different economic activities based on the Russian Federation Taxes information & analytical system of regional tax revenues designed. Basic calculations were made using the index method of economic activity evaluation developed by the authors. The index construction technique makes it possible to analyse dynamic trends in general and individual index development. Based on the method proposed, the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation have been ranked in accordance with their tax revenue indices for all kinds of economic activities in 2016. The efficiency of tax revenues by individual indicators included in the index has been reviewed. The constituent subjects of the Russian Federation have been ranked by the “Manufacturing Activity” indicator. Index distribution indicators have been calculated for each constituent subject of the Russian Federation.
Research of equipment for pulsed heating supply
Authors: Levtsev A P , Lapin E S , Grishin B M , Ezhov E G , Rodionov Yu V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Proposed scheme of individual heating unit (IHU) contains a mixing device based on energy-efficient two-flow membrane pump operating in pulse mode at available head of the heating network. The problem was solved of finding the optimal regimes of membrane pump work, which provided qualitative and economical efficacy of heating devices. Experimental graphs illustrate the pressure changes in the working chambers of the pump equipped with a pulse heating medium flow distributor. It is shown that implementation of the membrane pump in the IHU circuit allows distributing temperature more evenly throughout the heating devices surface due to pulsating mode of the heating media movement.
Effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on potassium leaching in sandy loam soils
Authors: Yakovleva L V , Danilov D A , Nikolaeva E A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In a model experiment, a study was carried out on potassium leaching from the soil. Soil samples were taken from a protective strip of long-term experiment (established in 1981). Various fertilizers and their mixtures were introduced. The effect of organic matter on the capacity formation of the cationic soil exchange was considered. Significant differences were noted in the potassium migration during various fertilizers application. A significant role is played by liming of acidic soils. Potassium ions displace calcium ions more easily calcium ions from the soil absorption complex than aluminum. Therefore, when liming, leaching of potassium may be reduced. With the introduction of peat and peat-based fertilizers, the cation exchange capacity of the soil increased significantly. The leaching of potassium did not increase. Introduction of cattle manure without heat treatment significantly increased the migration of potassium in the soil and its leaching to the lower lying horizons. In general, the migration and leaching of substances in arable soil rely upon a number of factors and their combinations: natural and climatic factors, physical and chemical properties of the soil, the intensity of agricultural use of arable land, the type and composition of fertilizers, and the mineralogical composition of the soil. When growing plants on calcareous, fertilized with potash fertilizers soils, the loss of potassium does not exceed its leaching from non-fertilized soils.
Assessment of the environmental responsibility of industrial enterprises in the region
Authors: Zaliznyak E A , Matveeva A A , Kholodenko A V , Kirillov S N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the problems of accessibility of information about the impact of enterprises on environmental components for stakeholders. Assessing the environmental component of non-financial reports allows to analyse the environmental activities of any company and draw appropriate conclusions about the effectiveness of the policies of enterprises. Russian companies, unlike foreign ones, have lower trends to disclose environmentally significant information, but there is a positive trend in placing such information in the public domain. The study analyzed the trend of non-financial reporting following the international recommendations of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). In the period June-November 2019, the number of Russian companies reports presented in the international GRI database increased by 10%, with a global dynamics of 1.7%. According to the National Register of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, 80% of non-financial reporting is the reports of sustainable development field, the most open are the enterprises of the oil and gas industry and the electric power industry. The study covered 107 negative impact facilities of the 1st category, high and significant risk category, located in the Volgograd region. To assess the openness of regional enterprises, we analyzed their official websites and databases of the rating of environmental business performance. Official sites identified for 72% of facilities demonstrate the predominance of environmentally significant declarative information, it is 87% of analyzed sites. A study of companies’ readiness to disclose data on anthropogenic impact for stakeholders used copyright checks and showed the commitment of less than 10% of respondents. Regional companies did not support the initiative on the openness of environmentally significant information, which less than 2% of enterprises publish in the open access, and are not ready to prepare reports on sustainable development following international criteria. Since 2018, the exclusion of quantitative data on the negative impact on specific enterprises as a mandatory component of regional reports on the state of the environment has exacerbated the identified trend.
Third-Party Funding in International Arbitration: Ownership of the Claim, Consequences for Costs Orders, and Regulation
Authors: Ramesh Sahana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The increasing use of third-party funding in international arbitration has given rise to a myriad of challenges. Many of these remain unaddressed. Even though some jurisdictions have sought to regulate the sphere of third-party funding in international arbitration, it remains largely unregulated. The result is that a third-party funder is not held accountable. This article examines the issue of ownership of a funded international arbitration claim, and the consequences of that finding on an arbitral tribunal’s ability to impose costs order on a funder. The objective is to ensure that a funder is playing a role in the arbitral process merely to facilitate access to justice, and nothing more. The examination in this article comprises a review of case law, primarily of English courts, in the context of litigation funding, and then determining whether it is possible to transpose the learnings therefrom to the arbitration context. A brief discussion on the applicability of the doctrine of res judicata, in the context of the issues raised in this article, is undertaken. Finally, the article also considers the best way to regulate the specific question of imposing costs on a third-party funder in international arbitration.
Single-cell transcriptomics allows novel insights into aging and circadian processes
Authors: Fonseca Costa Sara S , Robinson-Rechavi Marc , Ripperger Jürgen A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAging and circadian rhythms are two biological processes that affect an organism, although at different time scales. Nevertheless, due to the overlap of their actions, it was speculated that both interfere or interact with each other. However, to address this question, a much deeper insight into these processes is necessary, especially at the cellular level. New methods such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) have the potential to close this gap in our knowledge. In this review, we analyze applications of scRNA-Seq from the aging and circadian rhythm fields and highlight new findings emerging from the analysis of single cells, especially in humans or rodents. Furthermore, we judge the potential of scRNA-Seq to identify common traits of both processes. Overall, this method offers several advantages over more traditional methods analyzing gene expression and will become an important tool to unravel the link between these biological processes.
Network entropy using edge-based information functionals
Authors: Aziz Furqan , Hancock Edwin R , Wilson Richard C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this article, we present a novel approach to analyse the structure of complex networks represented by a quantum graph. A quantum graph is a metric graph with a differential operator (including the edge-based Laplacian) acting on functions defined on the edges of the graph. Every edge of the graph has a length interval assigned to it. The structural information contents are measured using graph entropy which has been proved useful to analyse and compare the structure of complex networks. Our definition of graph entropy is based on local edge functionals. These edge functionals are obtained by a diffusion process defined using the edge-based Laplacian of the graph using the quantum graph representation. We first present the general framework to define graph entropy using heat diffusion process and discuss some of its properties for different types of network models. Second, we propose a novel signature to gauge the structural complexity of the network and apply the proposed method to different datasets.
CHDGKB: a knowledgebase for systematic understanding of genetic variations associated with non-syndromic congenital heart disease
Authors: Yang Lan , Yang Yang , Liu Xingyun , Chen Yongquan , Chen Yalan , Lin Yuxin , Sun Yan , Shen Bairong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects, with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. The reports of genetic variation associated with CHD have increased dramatically in recent years due to the revolutionary development of molecular technology. However, CHD is a heterogeneous disease, and its genetic origins remain inconclusive in most patients. Here we present a database of genetic variations for non-syndromic CHD (NS-CHD). By manually literature extraction and analyses, 5345 NS-CHD-associated genetic variations were collected, curated and stored in the public online database. The objective of our database is to provide the most comprehensive updates on NS-CHD genetic research and to aid systematic analyses of pathogenesis of NS-CHD in molecular level and the correlation between NS-CHD genotypes and phenotypes.
Database URL: http://www.sysbio.org.cn/CHDGKB/
Clinical Trials for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Global Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reinisch Walter , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Loftus Edward V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]-causing coronavirus disease [COVID]-19 pandemic poses major challenges for patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] to be recruited and maintained in clinical trials. However, clinical trials offer patients who have failed multiple drugs access to study medications with alternative modes of action and the potential for relief from inflammation-mediated symptoms. Therefore, the continuation of clinical trials in IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic is important both for participants and for the community of IBD patients, due to the dire need for an expanded therapeutic armamentarium. As the safety of patients in clinical trials is the leading principle, we are providing ten specific rules to guide patients and principal investigators safely through the challenging time.
The Primacy of Maternal Innovations to the Evolution of Embryo Implantation
Authors: Stadtmauer Daniel J , Wagner Günter P 
Published: June 2020

SynopsisEmbryo implantation is a hallmark of the female reproductive biology of eutherian (placental) mammals and does not exist in a sustainable form in any other vertebrate group. Implantation is the initial process that leads to a sustained fetal-maternal unit engendering a complex functional relationship between the mother and the embryo/fetus. The nature of this relationship is often portrayed as one of conflict between an aggressive embryo and a passive or defensive maternal organism. Recent progress in elucidating the evolutionary origin of eutherian pregnancy leads to a different picture. The emerging scenario suggests that the very initial stages in the evolution of embryo implantation required evolutionary changes to the maternal physiology which modified an ancestral generic mucosal inflammation in response to the presence of the embryo into an active embedding process. This “female-first” evolutionary scenario also explains the role of endometrial receptivity in human pregnancy. On the marsupial side, where in most animals the fetal–maternal interaction is short and does not lead to a long term sustainable placentation, the relationship is mutual. In these mammals, uterine inflammation is followed by parturition in short order. The inflammatory signaling pathways, however, are cooperative, i.e., they are performed by both the fetus and the mother and therefore we call this relationship “cooperative inflammation.” Based on these discoveries we reconceive the narrative of the maternal–fetal relationship.
Apparent total tract digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in beef steers fed green-chopped cool-season forages
Authors: Schulmeister Tessa M , Ruiz-Moreno Martin , Garcia-Ascolani Mariana E , Ciriaco Francine M , Henry Darren D , Benitez Jefferson , Santos Erick R S , Dubeux Jose C B , Lamb Graham C , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An experiment was conducted during the winter of two consecutive years to evaluate the effects of feeding green-chopped cool-season forages on digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood parameters in beef steers. Nine ruminally cannulated Angus crossbred steers (year 1: 359 ± 79 kg; year 2: 481 ± 105 kg) received ad libitum green-chopped forages from pastures planted with one of the following mixtures: 1) OAT = Horizon 201 oats (Avena sativa L.)/Prine annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at 95 and 17 kg/ha, respectively; 2) RYE = FL401 cereal rye (Secale cereale L.)/Prine annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at 78 and 17 kg/ha, respectively; or 3) TRIT = Trical 342 triticale (X Triticosecale spp.)/Prine annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at 95 and 17 kg/ha, respectively. Intake was measured using the GrowSafe system and orts were discarded prior to subsequent feeding. After a 14-d adaptation, feed and fecal samples were collected twice daily for 4 d to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using indigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) as an internal marker. On day 19, blood and ruminal fluid samples were collected every 3 h during a 24-h period to analyze plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and glucose, ruminal pH, and concentration of ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Data were analyzed as a generalized randomized block design with repeated measures using the PROC MIX of SAS. No effect of treatment (P &gt; 0.05) was observed for intake of dry matter, organic matter (OM), crude protein, NDF, or acid detergent fiber. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for OAT and TRIT when compared with RYE, with OM digestibility being 82.7%, 79.6%, and 69.5%, respectively. An effect of time (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for ruminal pH. Plasma concentration of glucose was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in steers consuming OAT, whereas steers fed RYE had greater (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations of ruminal NH3-N and PUN, and the least concentration of total ruminal VFA (P &lt; 0.05), despite having the greatest (P &gt; 0.05) molar proportion of acetate, branched-chain VFA, and acetate:propionate. Increased nutrient digestibility and favorable ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of OAT and TRIT are potentially conducive to enhanced growth performance when compared with RYE.
Genome-wide prediction for complex traits under the presence of dominance effects in simulated populations using GBLUP and machine learning methods
Authors: Alves Anderson Antonio Carvalho , da Costa Rebeka Magalhães , Bresolin Tiago , Fernandes Júnior Gerardo Alves , Espigolan Rafael , Ribeiro André Mauric Frossard , Carvalheiro Roberto , de Albuquerque Lucia Galvão 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the predictive performance of the Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (GBLUP) and machine learning methods (Random Forest, RF; Support Vector Machine, SVM; Artificial Neural Network, ANN) in simulated populations presenting different levels of dominance effects. Simulated genome comprised 50k SNP and 300 QTL, both biallelic and randomly distributed across 29 autosomes. A total of six traits were simulated considering different values for the narrow and broad-sense heritability. In the purely additive scenario with low heritability (h2 = 0.10), the predictive ability obtained using GBLUP was slightly higher than the other methods whereas ANN provided the highest accuracies for scenarios with moderate heritability (h2 = 0.30). The accuracies of dominance deviations predictions varied from 0.180 to 0.350 in GBLUP extended for dominance effects (GBLUP-D), from 0.06 to 0.185 in RF and they were null using the ANN and SVM methods. Although RF has presented higher accuracies for total genetic effect predictions, the mean-squared error values in such a model were worse than those observed for GBLUP-D in scenarios with large additive and dominance variances. When applied to prescreen important regions, the RF approach detected QTL with high additive and/or dominance effects. Among machine learning methods, only the RF was capable to cover implicitly dominance effects without increasing the number of covariates in the model, resulting in higher accuracies for the total genetic and phenotypic values as the dominance ratio increases. Nevertheless, whether the interest is to infer directly on dominance effects, GBLUP-D could be a more suitable method.
Differences in Treatment of Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis at Burn Centers and Nonburn Centers
Authors: Nygaard Rachel M , Endorf Frederick W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and Stevens–Johnson/TEN overlap syndrome (SJS/TEN) are severe exfoliative skin disorders resulting primarily from allergic drug reactions and sometimes from viral causes. Because of the significant epidermal loss in many of these patients, many of them end up receiving treatment at a burn center for expertise in the care of large wounds. Previous work on the treatment of this disease focused only on the differences in care of the same patients treated at nonburn centers and then transferred to burn centers. We wanted to explore whether patients had any differences in care or outcomes when they received definitive treatment at burn centers and nonburn centers. We queried the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 for patients with SJS, SJS/TEN, and TEN diagnoses. We considered burn centers as those with greater than 10 burn transfers to their center and fewer than 5 burn transfers out of their center in a year. Multivariable logistic regression assessed factors associated with treatment at a burn center and mortality. Using the National Inpatient Sample, a total of 1164 patients were identified. These were divided into two groups, nonburn centers vs burn centers, and those groups were compared for demographic characteristics as well as variables in their hospital course and outcome. Patients treated at nonburn centers were more likely to have SJS and patients treated at burn centers were more likely to have both SJS/TEN and TEN. Demographics were similar between treatment locations, though African-Americans were more likely to be treated at a burn center. Burn centers had higher rates of patients with extreme severity and mortality risks and a longer length of stay. However, burn centers had similar actual mortality compared to nonburn centers. Patients treated at burn centers had higher charges and were more likely to be transferred to long-term care after their hospital stay. The majority of patients with exfoliative skin disorders are still treated at nonburn centers. Patients with SJS/TEN and TEN were more likely to be treated at a burn center. Patients treated at burn centers appear to have more severe disease but similar mortality to those treated at nonburn centers. Further study is needed to determine whether patients with these disorders do indeed benefit from transfer to a burn center.