bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovations in applied decision theory for health and safety
Authors: Richardson David B , DeBono Nathan L , Berriault Colin , Demers Paul A 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThere are established methods for occupational epidemiological cohort analysis, such as proportional hazards regression, that are well suited to aetiological research and yield parameter estimates that allow for succinct communication among academics. However, these methods are not necessarily well suited for evaluation of health impacts of policy choices and communication to decision makers. An informed decision about a policy that impacts health and safety requires a valid estimate of the policy’s potential impact.MethodsWe propose methods for data summarisation that may facilitate communication with managers, workers and their advocates. We calculate measures of effect in a framework for competing events, graphically display potential impacts on cause-specific mortality under policy alternatives and contrast these results to estimates obtained using standard Poisson regression methods. Methods are illustrated using a cohort mortality study of 28 546 Ontario uranium miners hired between 1950 and 1996 and followed through 2007.ResultsA standard regression analysis yields a positive association between cumulative radon progeny exposure and all-cause mortality (log(RR per 100 WLM)=0.09; SE=0.02). The proposed method yields an estimate of the expected gain in life expectancy (approximately 6 months per worker) and reduction of 261 lung cancer deaths under a policy that eliminated occupational radon progeny exposure.ConclusionsThe proposed method shifts attention from covariate-adjusted risk ratios or rate ratios to estimates of deaths that are avoided or delayed under a potential policy. The approach may help inform decision-making and strengthen the connection of epidemiological approaches to data analysis with developments in decision theory and systems engineering to improve health and safety.
Morphological Characterization of Functional Brain Imaging by Isosurface Analysis in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Castillo-Barnes Diego , Martinez-Murcia Francisco J. , Ortiz Andres , Salas-Gonzalez Diego , RamÍrez Javier , Górriz Juan M. 
Published: May 2020

Finding new biomarkers to model Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a challenge not only to help discerning between Healthy Control (HC) subjects and patients with potential PD but also as a way to measure quantitatively the loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly concentrated at substantia nigra. Within this context, this work presented here tries to provide a set of imaging features based on morphological characteristics extracted from I[Formula: see text]-Ioflupane SPECT scans to discern between HC and PD participants in a balanced set of [Formula: see text] scans from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. These features, obtained from isosurfaces of each scan at different intensity levels, have been classified through the use of classical Machine Learning classifiers such as Support-Vector-Machines (SVM) or Naïve Bayesian and compared with the results obtained using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). The proposed system, based on a Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon U-Test for feature selection and the SVM approach, yielded a [Formula: see text] balanced accuracy when the performance was evaluated using a [Formula: see text]-fold cross-validation. This proves the reliability of these biomarkers, especially those related to sphericity, center of mass, number of vertices, 2D-projected perimeter or the 2D-projected eccentricity, among others, but including both internal and external isosurfaces.
On semirings all of whose semimodules have injective envelopes
Authors: Il’in S. N. 
Published: May 2020

It was shown in [Y. Katsov, Tensor products and injective envelopes of semimodules over additively regular semirings, Algebra Colloq. 4 (1997) 121–131.] that each semimodule over an additively regular semiring has an injective envelope. We show the converse statement is true as well; moreover, the result holds even if each finitely generated semimodule has an injective envelope.
(Invited) Covalent Functionalization of Surface-Supported Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Chemistry and Nanostructuring
Authors: De Feyter Steven 
Published: May 2020

The research on graphene prompted emergence of related layered materials such as black phosphorous, silicene, germanene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2. These materials offer virtually endless opportunities for fundamental research as well as cutting edge applications.
Most of these layered materials however exist as single layers only when supported by another solid surface or when stabilized by physisorbed or chemisorbed organic molecules.
In this contribution, I will discuss covalent modification, sometimes in a nanostructured fashion, of graphene, graphite and MoS2 using diazonium and other chemistries. Special focus is on sub-nanometer characterization of modified materials using scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy (STM and AFM). The use of covalently modified surfaces for applications will also be discussed.
(Invited) Hexagonal Boron Nitride Ionogel Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Hersam Mark C. 
Published: May 2020

Ionogel electrolytes based on ionic liquids (ILs) and a gelling solid matrix are an attractive alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes for energy storage applications. In particular, ILs offer several advantages as an electrolyte including nonflammability, nonvolatility, high electrochemical stability, and high ionic conductivity. Moreover, combining ILs with a gelling solid matrix leads to a solid-state electrolyte that is sufficiently mechanically robust to replace both the liquid electrolyte and separator in a single component, thus allowing easier packaging, streamlined manufacturing, and minimal risk of leakage. For ionogel electrolytes, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is an especially desirable solid matrix due to its excellent chemical and thermal stability in addition to its mechanical robustness [1]. This talk will address recent efforts to realize high-performance hBN/IL ionogel electrolytes using hBN that has been solution-exfoliated into two-dimensional nanosheets using ethyl cellulose (EC) stabilizing polymers [2]. In addition to the intrinsic advantages of hBN, EC-exfoliated hBN nanosheets significantly enhance both ionic conductivity (> 1 mS/cm) and mechanical strength (storage modulus > 1 MPa) compared to conventional hBN microparticles, providing additional competitive advantages for energy storage applications [3]. The high thermal stability of hBN/IL ionogel electrolytes also enables safe, high-rate operation (up to 10C charge/discharge rate) at high temperatures up to 175 °C, which represents the highest operating temperature to date for solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
[1] K.-S. Chen, et al., ACS Energy Letters, 2, 2026 (2017).
[2] A. C. M. de Moraes, et al., Advanced Functional Materials, 29, 1902245 (2019).
[3] W. J. Hyun, et al., ACS Nano, 13, 9664 (2019).
(Invited) Growth of Van Der Waals Materials: New Insights from Real-Time Studies
Authors: Fortin-Deschênes Matthieu , Moutanabbir Oussama 
Published: May 2020

The existence of thousands of new 2D materials has been predicted and several of them have been fabricated, mostly by exfoliation from bulk crystals. In addition to their attractive properties, the availability of these 2D materials also creates a wealth of opportunity to engineer complex van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, thus laying the groundwork to tailor manipulate the basic properties and device performances. However, despite its numerous advantages, this class of materials is yet to be integrated in real technological applications due to several challenges such as the lack of scalable fabrication processes. With this perspective, quasi-epitaxial growth methods have recently been explored to synthesize 2D materials and vdW heterostructures. Herein, by using group V 2D materials as a model system, this presentation will address the current understanding of vdW growth and the key mechanisms governing the nucleation, growth and stability on weakly interacting surfaces. New insights on the interplay between kinetics and thermodynamic driving forces will be described and discussed based on in situ low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction (LEEM/LEED) studies. The combination of LEEM and LEED with ex situ characterization methods allowed us to elucidate the growth mechanisms of stable and metastable 2D-Sb allotropes and 2D-AsSb alloys on conventional semiconductor substrates and graphene. These results lay the groundwork for the development of scalable vdW epitaxial growth methods for emerging 2D materials and vdW heterostructures.
Acknowledgment:
The authors acknowledge contributions from Robert Jacobberge, Hannes Zschiesche, Andrea Locatelli, Tevfik O. Menteş, Olga Waller, Charles-Antoine Deslauriers, Francesca Genuzio, Gianluigi Botton, Michael S. Arnold.
(Invited) Nanoscale Optics of 2D Materials for Multi-Dimensional Sensing
Authors: Rotkin Slava V. , Ignatova Tetyana 
Published: May 2020

Starting with thorough nanoscale characterization of 2D materials (2DM) with a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (sSNOM), further sensing applications of the surface modified 2DMs are discussed. sSNOM imaging and spectroscopy reveals subwavelength features and correlate optical properties of 2DMs to the surface structure. When supplemented by other scanning probe techniques (KPFM/EFM), correlation of the sSNOM maps of the same surface area in MIR and visible range allows an additional information to be extracted. Surface polariton waves are discussed in relation to the surface optical impedance of the structures. Far-field measurements are finally matched to the near-field data.
SVR acknowledges help of Ms. X. Li (PSU) and samples provided by NSF 2DCC MIP (Dr. J. Redwing and Dr. J. Robinson). Research of TI was partially supported by the UNCG Faculty First Award. sSNOM facility is partially funded by Penn State Quantum Characterization Infrastructure initiative.
Towards High-Mobility 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Liu Yuanyue 
Published: May 2020

One of the major challenges that limits the development of 2D semiconductors is the low carrier mobility. Here using advanced first-principles calculations methods, we will show the intrinsic mobility for a variety of 2D semiconductors, including transition metal dichalcogenides and monoelemental materials, and their mobility-limiting factors [1,2]. Moreover, we will show that strain can significantly change the carrier mobility of certain materials, and the underlying physical origin [3].
[1] L. Cheng, Y. Liu, JACS, 2018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07871
[2] L. Cheng, C. Zhang, Y. Liu, JACS 2019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05923
[3] L. Cheng, C. Zhang, Y. Liu, in preparation
Improving Rechargeable Battery Dynamics
Authors: Schumm Brooke 
Published: May 2020

A series of experiments was undertaken to study the effects of additive changes on the plating of zinc metal from zinc chloride solutions. From these simple examples it was hoped to offer explanations for several different effects seen in battery performance.
The avenue chosen was to observe the effect of adding a leveling agent and then a pH adjustment with a particular chemical based on previous experience to see if an outstanding result would be observed. Accidentally it was more important to find that the specific characteristics of the current supply were more important than the additives. Nonetheless the best result was achieved with a combination of these factors.
It was hoped at the same time to better understand the effects of diffusion on the chemical process and its response to changes in the diffusion, especially locally. It is necessary to recognize that knowing the chemical reactions on paper does not accurately predict what happens in an active rechargeable cell. The effects of diffusion limit the concentration of chemicals and often the actual reactions in both the separator structure and in the electrolyte and in the surface regions contacted by the electrolyte. This is true for both the discharging and charging cell environment. Photos and current analysis will be shown.
From these or similar experiments it may be possible to predict the parallel performance in lithium or lithium ion cells and how to extend cycle life. Discussion will be invited.
Polyoxometalate/Metal-Organic-Framework Hybrid Materials As Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Toh Lock-Kiat , Chen Han-Yi 
Published: May 2020

Tremendous effort has been focused on developing electrochemical capacitors with various applications such as portable electronics, heavy hybrid vehicles, load leveling, and uninterruptible power supplies.Electrochemical capacitors have the advantage of providing high power density which enable faster charge/discharge rates than batteries, as well as long cycle life.
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are transition metal oxide clusters, and they possess fast and reversible multi-electron redox reactions.Several POMs have been studied in supercapacitors, such as H3[PMo12O40], H3[PW12O40],H4[SiMo12O40], H4[SiW12O40]. However, most of POMs can be dissolved in aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, some of them were combined with carbon materials or conducting polymers.
In this study, we synthesized a vanadium-based POM combined with a metal-organic-framework (MOF) as electrode material in electrochemical capacitors. The electrochemical properties of this V-POM/MOF electrodes are studied by electrochemical measurements such as galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, a hybrid energy storage device which combines V-POM/MOF as negative electrode and activated carbon as positive electrode was assembled to demonstrate the potential for electrochemical capacitor applications.
Laser-Based Micro-Manufacturing of Thin-Film and Miniaturized Supercapacitors
Authors: Sundriyal Poonam , Bhattacharya Shantanu 
Published: May 2020

The miniaturized and thin-film energy storage devices are urgently needed for the on-chip electronic devices.[1] The selection of a suitable manufacturing method for the development of miniaturized devices is a critical step.[2-4] Here, we report laser-based direct and one step printing as a suitable method for the efficient development of such devices. The graphene and graphene- MnO2 composites were successfully developed using chemical methods, and the planar micro-supercapacitors with different shapes and sizes were developed over flexible and stretchable substrates using laser printing based pattern development and material sintering. The polymer-based ionic electrolytes were used, and the devices have stable performance upto 2.8 V. The developed devices exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with excellent capacitance, good energy density, and excellent power density. These devices also demonstrated high mechanical flexibility and long cyclic lifetime. This study suggests that the laser printing method has a huge potential for the development of miniaturized electronic device s for portable electronic applications.

References:
1. Djuric, S.M., et al., Miniature graphene-based supercapacitors fabricated by laser ablation. Microelectronic Engineering, 2017. 182: p. 1-7.
2. Kyeremateng, N.A., T. Brousse, and D. Pech, Microsupercapacitors as miniaturized energy-storage components for on-chip electronics. Nature nanotechnology, 2017. 12(1): p. 7.
3. Sundriyal, P., et al., Recent Advancement in the Fabrication of Energy Storage Devices for Miniaturized Electronics, in Nano-Energetic Materials. 2019, Springer. p. 215-240.
4. Sundriyal, P. and S. Bhattacharya, Inkjet-Printed Electrodes on A4 Paper Substrates for Low-Cost, Disposable, and Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017. 9(44): p. 38507-38521.
(Invited) Control of Diffusion Behavior of Metal Ions Close to Electrode By Using of Local Structure of Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Imanishi Akihito 
Published: May 2020

Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted keen attention due to its applicability to various kinds of electrochemical devices. However, we still lack enough knowledge on the interface structure and spatial distribution of chemical species during the electrochemical processes. In our previous study, we succeeded in the observation of the spatial distribution of XPS spectra close to the electrode under the applied potential using scanning electrochemical photoelectron spectroscopy (Scanning EC-PES) we originally developed. Interestingly, the shape of the diffusion layer (The spatial distribution of the concentration of the metal ions) was largely different from the concave function usually supposed in the case of aqueous solution. By a numerical simulation, we revealed that the characteristic shape of the diffusion layer of IL electrolyte was formed due to the fact that the metal ions diffused by the fast hopping-like mechanism, in which the apparent diffusion coefficient increased with increasing of the concentration of 'holes' (vacancies formed between IL molecules) acting as hopping sites. Based on these results, we proposed the new diffusion model in which hopping diffusion and conventional diffusion (which follows Stokes-Einstein equation) coexist. The most prominent feature of our diffusion model is that the local structure of ionic liquid (hole density, arrangement of the holes and/or IL molecules) strongly affect the diffusion behavior of metal ions.
On the other hand, it can be anticipated that the local structure of ILs can be systematically controlled by the IL species (e.g. the alkyl chain length of imidazole cation, shape and size of anion), additive ions and/or temperature of solution. By using of these techniques for controlling the local structure of ILs, we can strictly control the diffusion behavior of metal ions close to the electrode. In other words, we will be able to propose the new strategy for controlling the diffusion behavior of solutes in ionic liquid solutions close to the electrode. In this study, we investigated the factors for controlling the diffusion behavior of metal ion in IL electrolyte based on our proposing diffusion model, and revealed that the behavior of metal ions can be controlled by some factors mentioned above.
(Invited) High-Yield Singlet Fission of Tetracene Derivatives Utilizing Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Systems for Light Energy Conversion
Authors: Hasobe Taku 
Published: May 2020

Singlet fission (SF) is highly expected to improve the solar energy conversion properties by generating two excitons from one photon absorption. Among various organic compounds, acene derivatives such as tetracene and pentacene are promising for occurrence of efficient SF. Pentacene derivatives sufficiently meet the energy-level matching condition between a singlet and two triplet states: [E(S1) ≥ 2E(T1)]. Although tetracene is well-kwown as a good candidate for SF, the number of high-yield and long-lived triplet excited states through SF is extremely limited because of the relative acceleration of the reverse triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) considering the above-mentioned energy matching condition. Consequently, the precise control of orientation and distance between two neighboring Tc units is definitely required for long-lived individual triplets through SF but not correlated triplet pair. Because the longer lifetime of the individual triplet states is useful for efficient light energy conversion.
Therefore, we first demonstrate the quantitative sequential process from intramolecular SF to intermolecular two-electron transfers using 2,2′-biphenyl-bridged tetracene dimer (Tet-BP-Tet). The obtained high-yield and long-lived triplet excited states of Tet-BP-Tet by intramolecular SF (quantum yield of individual triplet states: ΦT = 175 ± 5% and lifetime of individual triplet states: τT = 0.29 ms) resulted in the quantitative intermolecular two-electron transfer process with chloranil in benzonitrile (electron transfer yield: ΦET = 173 ± 5%).1 Then, we also propose a novel supramolecular strategy utilizing the mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with two different chain lengths. Specifically, mixed tetracene-SAMs on gold nanoclusters, which are prepared by a tetracene-modified hetero-disulfide with two different chain lengths, attain high-yield SF (Φ
SF: ~90%) and individual triplet yields (Φ
Τ: ~160%).2

References

Nakamura, S.; Sakai, H.; Nagashima, H.; Kobori, Y.; Tkachenko, N. V.; Hasobe, T. ACS Energy Lett.
2019, 4, 26-31.

Saegusa, T.; Sakai, H.; Nagashima, H.; Kobori, Y.; Tkachenko, N. V.; Hasobe, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2019, 141, 14720-14727.
(Invited) Exploitation of Innovative Materials and Process of Perovskite Solar Cells Toward Commercialization
Authors: Jung Hyun Suk 
Published: May 2020

All solid-state solar cells based on organometal trihalide perovskite absorbers have already achieved distinguished power conversion efficiency (PCE) to over 25% and further improvements are expected up to 27%. Now, the research on perovskite solar cells has been moving toward commercialization. To facilitate commercialization of these great solar cells, some technical issues such as long-term stability, large scale fabrication process, and Pb-related hazardous materials need to be solved. Also, flexible perovskite solar cell using plastic substrate can be used in niche applications such as portable electrical chargers, electronic textiles, and large-scale industrial roofing.
This talk is dealing with our recent efforts to facilitate commercialization of perovskite solar cells. For examples, we introduce a recycling technology of perovskite solar cells, which covers the regeneration process of Pb contained perovskite layer as well as recycling process of Au electrodes and transparent conducting oxide glass. Also, recent interesting results regarding ultra-flexible perovskite cells will be discussed in terms of stress analysis. Finally, simple fabrication technologies for realizing large scale perovskite module is going to be introduced.
(Invited) Charge Carrier Dynamics and Single-Particle Photoluminescence of the Caesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Samanta Anunay 
Published: May 2020

Because of their potential in photovoltaic and photonic applications, great attention is being paid to both hybrid and all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals.1,2 However, despite growing interests on these substances, our understanding of different pathways of relaxation of the photo-generated charge carriers and their dynamics, which is key to utilization of the full potential of these materials in various applications, is still quite limited. In this talk, we plan to discuss some of our recent works on charge carrier recombination dynamics of caesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3) nanocrystals highlighting how femtosecond pump-probe and single-particle fluorescence based techniques can be effectively employed to obtain information on the identity and energy states of the photogenerated species, pathways and dynamics of relaxation of the charge carriers (including their recombination), location and nature of the trap states and their role in fluctuation of the photoluminescence of different CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals.3-7

References:
1. Green, M.A.; Ho-Baillie, A.; Snaith, H.J. Nature Photonics
2014, 8, 506.
2. Yakunin, S.; Protesescu, L.; Krieg, F.; Badnarchuk, M.I.; Nedelcu, G.; Humer, M.; Luca, G.D.; Fiebig, M.; Heiss, W.; Kovalenko, M.V. Nature Communications
2015
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3. Mondal, N; De, A.; Das, S.; Paul, S.; Samanta, A. Nanoscale
2019, 4, 9796.
4. Mondal, N; De, A.; Samanta, A. ACS Energy Letts.
2019, 4, 32.
5. Seth, S.; Ahmed, T.; Samanta, A. J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
2018, 9, 7007.
6. Mondal, N; De, A.; Samanta, A. J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
2018, 9, 3673.
7. Ahmed, T; Seth, S; Samanta, A. ACS Nano DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07471.