bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐Wide Association Study of Persistent Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among HIV‐Positive Males in Taizhou, China: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Jing , Shao Shuang , Chen Xiaoxiao , Wang Shanling , Shen Weiwei , Xie Yali , Zhang Zhen , Lin Yajun , Lin Zhebin , Li Yan , Ding Yingying , He Na , Lin Haijiang , Liu Xing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe determinants of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remain largely unknown, and existing studies have predominantly focused on the female population. Individual genetic background may influence the persistence of HPV infection, we the evidence overall and among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive males are very limited. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with anal HPV persistence, based on a cohort designed to study the natural history of anal HPV infection among HIV‐positive males in Taizhou, China from 2016 to 2022. A total of 322 HIV‐positive males with anal HPV infection, with a mean age of 43.0 (standard deviation [SD]: 13.8) years, were included in this GWAS. The median follow‐up time was 1.8 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.5–2.0) years. The persistence of any type of HPV infection was 53.4%. After adjusting for age and sexual orientation, there were 2 SNPs with p < 1 × 10−5 and 24 SNPs with p < 1 × 10−4. The most closely associated with HPV persistence in additive models were rs7359031 (LOC105370461, odds ratio [OR]T/C = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.56; p = 6.67 × 10−6) located at 14q21.1, and rs11046048 (PYROXD1, ORC/A = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28–0.60; p = 7.80 × 10−6) located at 12p12.1. Other SNPs were mainly located at 6q23.3 (HBS1L‐MYB) and 6p21.33 (CCHCR1, PSORS1C3). LOC105370461, PYROXD1, HBS1L‐MYB, CCHCR1, and PSORS1C3 may be susceptible genes for HPV persistence. We appeal further studies to validate these associations and examine the underlying mechanisms.
Rainfall Erosivity Projection in South‐East Australia Using the Improved Regional Climate Simulations
Authors: Zhu Qinggaozi , Yang Xihua , Ji Fei , Du Zheyuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRainfall erosivity is one of the most dynamic factors in the soil erosion process. The increase in soil erosion caused by high rainfall erosivity, and the subsequent loss of soil nutrients, can lead to reduced food production and ecosystem services. This research program under the New South Wales (NSW) Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, assesses rainfall pattern change, rainfall erosivity and erosion risk across NSW under future climate conditions. Daily rainfall erosivity and erosion risk were modelled by Revised Soil Loss Universal Equation (RUSLE) approach and compared with that driven by observed rainfall data. Future rainfall erosivity and soil erosion risk change were investigated from daily precipitation projection of the updated NSW and Australian Regional Climate Modelling (NARCliM1.5) for two future scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, from the historical (1986–2005) to far future (2060–2079) periods. The annual average rainfall erosivity is projected to increase about 8% under RCP 4.5 and further decrease 5% under RCP 8.5 in NSW due to the predicted temperature rises. More frequent heavy rainfall events are projected to occur during summer (December–January–February), and the rainfall from these extreme rainfall events is expected to account for 51% of the total annual rainfall in the far future. NARCliM‐derived results underestimate annual rainfall erosivity compared with observation‐derived erosivity. There are greater instability (root mean squared error [RMSE]: 803.2) and erosivity uncertainty (Bias: 16%~48%) in high rainfall zones. At a monthly scale, dry months (June–July–August) are becoming drier, while wet months (December–January–February) are becoming wetter and more erosive. 67% of NSW is predicted to experience increased rainfall erosivity under RCP4.5, whereas most of NSW will shift to drought and its consequent effects under the high‐end emission scenario (RCP 8.5). To address the dual challenges of excessive wetness in coastal and north‐east NSW and increasing aridity in Western NSW, it is necessary to develop climate change adaptation management strategies based on high‐risk areas and monthly or seasonal conditions. With the emerging launch of NARCliM2.0, we anticipate further improvements of these predictions will be achieved by more accurate models and data at higher spatial and temporal resolutions.
Identifying transdiagnostic traumatic stress reactions in U.S. military veterans: A nationally representative study
Authors: Pugach Cameron P. , Adams Shane W. , Wisco Blair E. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraumatic stress reactions (TSRs) exist on a continuum that includes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), highly comorbid psychopathology, and resilience, highlighting the need for comprehensive and integrative approaches capable of capturing the full spectrum of heterogeneous reactions. Here, we used a transdiagnostic and multidimensional method to characterize clinical phenotypes of TSRs in a nationally representative sample of U.S. military veterans. The Middle‐Out Approach was used to evaluate self‐reported PTSD, generalized anxiety, major depressive symptoms, and physical and mental functioning to identify discrete latent classes of TSRs and their demographic, military and trauma history, and psychosocial correlates. Cross‐sectional data were analyzed from 3,727 U.S. veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Latent class analysis identified five classes of veterans: low TSR (61.3%), anxious/depressive (16.6%), avoidant arousal (9.2%), dysphoric arousal (8.2%), and high TSR (4.7%). Veterans in the dysphoric arousal and high TSR classes demonstrated lower functioning than other classes, which showed similar levels of moderate‐to‐high functioning despite symptom differences. Classes distinguished between resilience to PTSD symptoms versus resilience to all symptoms and functioning domains and were differentially associated with demographic characteristics, trauma and military histories, and psychosocial characteristics. The results suggest that veterans exhibit different clinical phenotypes of TSRs, which may help inform etiology, diagnostic subtypes, and personalized treatment. Further, although most veterans with psychopathology experience functional impairment, a sizable subset demonstrates high functioning despite psychopathology symptoms.
Balancing model specificity and transferability: Barn owl nest box selection
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Carlino Jaime E. , Chavez Samantha D. , Wang Rebecca , Cortez Christian , Echávez Montenegro Laura M. , Duncan Doris , Ralph Bill 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExamining the transferability of habitat selection models is vital when they are used to forecast predictions in new times or places, but this issue is too often neglected. Nest boxes are often installed in agricultural landscapes to attract barn owls (Tyto spp.) and the ecosystem services they provide. For this practice to be effective, farmers need actionable guidelines for nest box design and placement to optimize nest box use. We addressed 3 primary objectives: 1) develop a nest box selection model in the well‐studied region of Napa Valley, California, USA, 2) evaluate this model's predictive performance in other regions of California, and 3) use data from all regions to build a more generalizable model. Based on data from 6 years of monitoring used and unused American barn owl (Tyto furcata) nest boxes in Napa Valley, we found that nest box selection was best predicted by nest box attributes (e.g., pole height, box height, and entrance orientation), local land cover (e.g., grassland within 75 m), and landscape‐scale metrics (e.g., grassland within 2.81 km). This model's predictions were strongly correlated with observed nest box use in Napa, but the model performed poorly when used to predict nest box use in other regions that are ecologically similar (Sonoma County) or dissimilar (Fresno, Merced, and Madera counties). A model pooling data from all regions fit the data well and again showed effects of box, local, and landscape predictors. It was more generalizable than the Napa‐only model and lost little precision when applied with forecasting predictions to Napa in particular. Taken together, our results indicate that local data should be used to make the most reliable predictions of nest box use. Until those data are available, general recommendations should be made from models that pool data from as many regions as feasible and should provide appropriate caveats. Results of this work can inform nest box design and placement for the benefit of farmers and owls in California, and future research should examine nest box selection by barn owls in other areas of the world with different climates and local habitats.
Quadriceps tendon autograft diameters are routinely above 8 mm, and preoperative size estimation before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may not be necessary for this graft type: A systematic review
Authors: Dworsky‐Fried Joshua , Hadwen Amanda , Bernardini Luca , Vivekanantha Prushoth , Grassi Alberto , Ollivier Matthieu , de Sa Darren 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo identify values of reported quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft diameter and length in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to identify methods to predict these parameters.MethodsA search was conducted across three databases from inception to 30 March 2024. Data on study characteristics, demographics, anthropometric data, imaging techniques, and QT autograft or harvested QT tendon parameters were extracted. Values quantifying the statistical strength of associations between imaging or anthropometric characteristics and graft or tendon parameters as well as for associations between these parameters and postoperative outcomes were recorded.ResultsA total of 3633 patients were included. The weighted mean QT autograft diameter and length were 8.9 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.7, range: 7.8–10.4) mm and 8.1 (SD: 1.3, range: 5.6–9.3) cm, respectively. A total of 93.8% of studies that reported mean QT autograft diameter found a value of 8 mm or greater. The QT groups had similar or significantly greater mean autograft diameter compared to the hamstring tendon (HT) groups in 91.7% of studies that reported significance. Regarding MRI measurements, 71.4% of the correlation coefficients reported showed a moderate positive correlation, 28.6% showed a low positive correlation and 14.3% showed a high positive correlation. Regarding anthropometric characteristics, 33.3% and 16.7%, 16.7% and 14.3% of studies that reported on the relationship between QT autograft diameter and height, weight, body mass index or age, respectively, found a low positive statistically significant correlation. Only statistically nonsignificant associations were reported between QT autograft parameters and post‐operative outcomes and complications.ConclusionsQT autografts used in ACLR have a mean diameter of 8 mm or greater and are consistently larger than HT autografts. Preoperative MRI measurements are better than anthropometric characteristics at predicting QT autograft parameters; however, preoperative prediction may not be necessary for this graft type. QT autograft parameters were not found to be significantly associated with any post‐operative complication or outcome.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Comparison between intratympanic injection of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Eftekharian Kourosh , Najafi Elnaz , Amizadeh Maryam , Mokari Noosheen , Faramarzi Mohammad , Izadparast Yalda , Jabbari Moghadam Yalda , Eftekharian Ali 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the hearing outcomes of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss after intratympanic (IT) injection of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone.Study designRandomized case‐controlled clinical trial.MethodsSeventy‐five patients diagnosed with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss were randomly divided into two groups based on therapy. Both groups received oral prednisolone (10 mg/kg; maximum of 60 mg) for 10 days without tapering and received IT injections two times a week for 2 weeks (four injections in total). One group received an IT injection of a 40 mg/mL solution of methylprednisolone, and the other one, 4 mg/mL dexamethasone. Three comparisons between the initial and third‐month hearing tests were made to assess the degree of hearing change: (1) pure tone improvement in each individual tone (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kHz); (2) word‐recognition score improvement; and (3) complete, partial, and no recovery of hearing calculated (as defined by American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines).ResultsThe study was completed with 69 of the 75 patients—34 in the methylprednisolone group and 35 in the dexamethasone group. The groups' differences in frequency‐specific hearing improvement were not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in the word recognition score improvement between the two groups. Additionally, there was no discernible difference between the two groups' hearing recovery rates.ConclusionMethylprednisolone and dexamethasone IT injection therapy had similar hearing outcomes.Level of evidence2.
The 595‐nm Wavelength Pulsed Dye Laser for Pediatric Port‐Wine Birthmarks and Infantile Hemangiomas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hashemi David A. , Tao Joy , Wang Jordan V. , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe 595‐nm wavelength pulsed dye laser (PDL) is well‐established in the treatment of vascular lesions. In June 2023, it received FDA clearance for the treatment of port‐wine birthmarks (PWB) and infantile hemangiomas (IH) in the pediatric population.ObjectiveReview the evidence regarding the efficacy, safety, and implications of using PDL for management of pediatric PWB and IH.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify peer‐reviewed articles and clinical trials published between July 2002 and December 2022 in which PDL was used to treat pediatric PWB and IH.ResultsAfter application of criteria, 33 journal articles with 7725 total patients were included. Only 16 (0.8%) of the 2,033 patients with PWB and 11 (0.2%) of the 5692 patients with hemangioma reported permanent adverse effects including scarring, keloids, or permanent pigmentation change, and none reported blindness or other serious injury. Good, excellent, or complete clearance after PDL–on average or in greater than 50% of patients–was reported in 17 of 19 studies (89%) that reported these measures for PWB, and seven of the seven studies (100%) for IH.ConclusionThe 595‐nm PDL is an excellent treatment option for early intervention in pediatric patients with PWB or IH.
A Novel Discrete Element Method for Smooth Polyhedrons and Its Application to Modeling Flows of Concave‐Shaped Particles
Authors: Wang Siqiang , Xu Qingwei , Liang Dongfang , Ji Shunying 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe smooth polyhedral model has been commonly used to construct non‐spherical particles with smooth surfaces, whereas it is mainly constrained to numerical simulations involving concave‐shaped particles. This constraint arises from the limitations imposed by the contact algorithm. In this study, the contact detection between smooth polyhedrons is simplified to that between dilated triangular elements, and a discrete element method for concave polyhedral particles with smooth surfaces is developed. Subsequently, an automatic mesh simplification algorithm is established to enhance the computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. In validating the smooth polyhedral model, the simulation results of a hexahedron colliding with a plane are found to agree favorably with the experimental results. Then, the elastic collisions between the convex and concave particles are analyzed, and the total kinetic energy before and after the particle collision remains unchanged. Furthermore, the influences of particle morphology on the packing fraction, flow fluctuation, flow rate, mixing rate, velocity distribution, and system energy in hoppers and rotating drums are analyzed, revealing the underlying flow characteristics of concave polyhedral granular materials with smooth surfaces.
Genetic Diagnosis and Clinical Features of Fetuses With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Lü Yan , Yu Yi , Chang Jiazhen , Li Mengmeng , Yang Xueting , Zhou Xiya , Hao Na , Meng Hua , Li Zhenghong , Ma Lishuang , You Hui , Jian Shan , Wang Ying , Li Shengjie , Yu Yiqing , Yin Kaili , Wang Mingming , Jiang Yulin , Qi Qingwei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare abnormality with highly heterogeneous genetic causes. This study investigated chromosomal and monogenic abnormalities in fetal CDH patients and evaluated the efficacy of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) for genetic diagnosis. The clinical features of the patients were also evaluated.MethodsWe evaluated the genetic and clinical data of 51 prenatally diagnosed fetuses with CDH. CMA was performed for every patient. If CMA did not yield diagnostic results, the samples were subjected to WES.ResultsCompared with fetuses with isolated CDH (n = 42), those with non‐isolated CDH (n = 9) presented a higher genetic diagnostic rate (22.2% vs. 2.4%). The overall diagnostic yield was 5.9%, comprising 3.9% from chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and an additional 2.0% from whole exome sequencing (WES). CMA identified (1) mosaic trisomy 18 in a patient with isolated CDH; and (2) 4q terminal deletion syndrome in a patient with non‐isolated CDH. WES identified a novel missense mutation, PLS3 c.1763A > G, associated with X‐linked CDH in a patient with non‐isolated CDH and a family history of recurrent CDH.ConclusionGenetic testing should be offered for all fetuses with CDH, regardless of whether the cases are isolated or non‐isolated. WES should be considered if CMA fails to provide a diagnostic result, particularly in patients with non‐isolated CDH and a family history of recurrent CDH.
Effect of silver nanoparticles modified by depolymerized monomer from waste PET on the thermo‐induced shape memory properties of PVA
Authors: Shen Yue , He Hui , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Qianqian , Xu Zebin , Han Luyun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDepolymerization of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into monomers for high‐value reuse serves as an effective recycling strategy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an important water‐soluble polymer, which can be improved by the addition of silver nanoparticles modified with depolymerized monomer terephthalic acid (rTPA) to further improve the shape memory performance of PVA. Silver nanoparticles are notably responsive to thermal changes due to their distinctive chemical and physical properties. Nonetheless, their tendency to aggregate and high surface energy present difficulties in achieving stable dispersions in aqueous environments. In this research, silver nitrate solution was reduced to prepare silver nanoparticles under the action of the reducing agent ascorbic acid. Modified silver nanoparticles p‐rTPA@Ag were prepared by co‐precipitation of the nanoparticles with rTPA. A mixture of PVA and p‐rTPA@Ag was prepared to form a composite PVA/p‐rTPA@Ag. Modified silver nanoparticles, p‐rTPA@Ag, exhibited enhanced dispersion in aqueous solution. The elongation at break of the composite rose markedly from 169.8% to 315.3%, an increase of 86.7%. Additionally, the shape recovery rate improved from 53.51% to 83.86%, reflecting a 56.7% enhancement.Highlights
Silver nanoparticles were modified by depolymerized terephthalic acid (rTPA)
Monomer rTPA improves the compatibility between PVA and Ag nanoparticles
p‐rTPA@Ag enhances temperature sensitivity of PVA
p‐rTPA@Ag enhances thermo‐induced shape memory properties of PVA
Effect of Hygrothermal Aging on the Decomposition Reactions of Magnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV) Pyrotechnic
Authors: Gaunekar Sairaj , Ambekar Anirudha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMagnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV) pyrotechnic compositions are widely used in various applications. Magnesium is known to oxidize under elevated humidity and temperature conditions. Consequently, the performance of MTV pyrotechnics degrades as they age. Accurate characterization of the aging process is necessary for the prediction of storage life and performance of MTV pyrotechnics. This study investigates the hygrothermal aging of an MTV pyrotechnic mixture using accelerated aging, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The kinetic parameters were obtained using the Friedman isoconversional method. Differential TG (DTG) curves were analyzed to identify the reaction steps occurring during the decomposition of pristine and aged MTV samples. Scanning electron microscope–electron‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed changes in morphology and chemical composition. As expected, increased humidity caused significant degradation of the metallic fuel in the MTV pyrotechnic. Furthermore, the formation of unwanted compounds due to aging was clearly observed. The formation of these compounds, in addition to the depletion of the metallic fuel, was realized to be the cause of reduced the performance of aged MTV pyrotechnics.
Repurposed Medicines: A Scan of the Non‐commercial Clinical Research Landscape
Authors: Akinbolade Sola , Fairbairn Ross , Inskip Alex , Potter Rhiannon , Oliver Aoife , Craig Dawn 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMedicine repurposing is a strategy to identify new uses for the existing medicines for the purpose of addressing areas of unmet medical need. This paper aims to provide horizon scanning intelligence on repurposed medicines that are evaluated by non‐commercial organizations such as academia and highlights opportunities for further research to improve patient health outcomes. A scan of the clinical landscape of non‐commercially sponsored repurposed medicines is routinely conducted by the NIHR Innovation Observatory (IO). This ongoing project involves a horizon scan of clinical trial registries and the IO's internal horizon scanning Medicines Innovation Database to identify potential candidate medicines used as monotherapy or in combination to treat new indications outside the scope of their licensed indication. In addition to making these data publicly available, the output also supports the NHS England Medicines Repurposing Programme. The snapshot scan reported here (trials completing April 2020–March 2023) identified a total of 528 technologies (meaning, a single product or combination of medicinal products targeting a specific indication in one or more related trials). The technologies were classified according to their characteristics and targeted therapeutic indications as well as revealing the least treated disease conditions. The candidate medicines identified in this scan could potentially receive tailored support toward adoption into practice and policy. The NIHR IO regularly provides this scan as a source of intelligence on repurposed medicines. This provides valuable insights into innovation trends, gaps, and areas of unmet clinical need.