bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surmounting the obstacles that impede effective CAR T cell trafficking to solid tumors
Authors: Donnadieu Emmanuel , Dupré Loïc , Pinho Lia Gonçalves , Cotta-de-Almeida Vinicius 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Innovative immunotherapies based on immune checkpoint targeting antibodies and engineered T cells are transforming the way we approach cancer treatment. However, although these T cell centered strategies result in marked and durable responses in patients across many different tumor types, they provide therapeutic efficacy only in a proportion of patients. A major challenge of immuno-oncology is thereby to identify mechanisms responsible for resistance to cancer immunotherapy in order to overcome them via adapted strategies that will ultimately improve intrinsic efficacy and response rates. Here, we focus on the barriers that restrain the trafficking of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells to solid tumors. Upon infusion, CAR T cells need to home into malignant sites, navigate within complex tumor environments, form productive interactions with cancer cells, deliver their cytotoxic activities, and finally persist. We review the accumulating evidence that the microenvironment of solid tumors contains multiple obstacles that hinder CAR T cells in the dynamic steps underlying their trafficking. We focus on how these hurdles may in part account for the failure of CAR T cell clinical trials in human carcinomas. Given the engineered nature of CAR T cells and possibilities to modify the tumor environment, there are ample opportunities to augment CAR T cell ability to efficiently find and combat tumors. We present some of these strategies, which represent a dynamic field of research with high potential for clinical applicability.
Interplay between alveolar epithelial and dendritic cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Rodrigues Tamara Silva , Conti Bruno José , Fraga-Silva Thais Fernanda de Campos , Almeida Fausto , Bonato Vânia Luiza Deperon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The innate response plays a crucial role in the protection against tuberculosis development. Moreover, the initial steps that drive the host-pathogen interaction following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are critical for the development of adaptive immune response. As alveolar Mϕs, airway epithelial cells, and dendritic cells can sense the presence of M. tuberculosis and are the first infected cells. These cells secrete mediators, which generate inflammatory signals that drive the differentiation and activation of the T lymphocytes necessary to clear the infection. Throughout this review article, we addressed the interaction between epithelial cells and M. tuberculosis, as well as the interaction between dendritic cells and M. tuberculosis. The understanding of the mechanisms that modulate those interactions is critical to have a complete view of the onset of an infection and may be useful for the development of dendritic cell-based vaccine or immunotherapies.
Anti-CD20 rituximab IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 but not IgG2 subclass trigger Ca2+ mobilization and cytotoxicity in human NK cells
Authors: Freitas Monteiro Marta , Papaserafeim Maria , Réal Aline , Puga Yung Gisella L , Seebach Jörg D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
NK cell-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is increasingly recognized to play an important role in cancer immunotherapy, transplant rejection, and autoimmunity. However, several aspects of the molecular interactions of IgG subclasses with the Fc-gamma receptor IIIA (FcγRIIIA)/CD16a expressed on NK cells remain unknown. The aim of the current study was to further analyze the role of IgG subclasses and FCGR3A V158F single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on Ca2+ signaling and NK cell-mediated ADCC against Daudi target cells in vitro. NK cells were isolated from donors with different FCGR3A SNP. The affinity of rituximab IgG subclasses to CD20 expressed on Daudi cells showed similar dissociation constant as tested by flow cytometry. Induction of Ca2+ signaling, degranulation, intracellular cytokine production, and ADCC was demonstrated for IgG1 and IgG3, to a lesser degree also for IgG4, but not for IgG2. Compared to NK cells carrying the low-affinity (FF) variant for the FCGR3A V158F SNP, binding of IgG1 and IgG3 to NK cells carrying the high-affinity (VV) and VF SNP variants was two- to threefold higher. Variations of FCGR3A SNP among the eight tested donors (1 VV, 3FF, and 4VF) revealed no significant differences of Ca2+ signaling and degranulation; however, ADCC was somewhat weaker in donors with the low-affinity FF variation. In conclusion, this is the first study correlating Ca2+ signaling and NK cell-mediated ADCC triggered by the four IgG subclasses with the FCGR3A V158F SNP. Our findings indicate important differences in the interactions of IgG subclasses with FcγRIIIA/CD16a but no major impact of FCGR3A SNP and may therefore help to better correlate the functional properties of particular engineered therapeutic antibodies in vitro with individual differences of their clinical efficacy.
Cost‐efficient performance‐driven modelling of multi‐band antennas by variable‐fidelity electromagnetic simulations and customized space mapping
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko‐Dabrowska Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) simulations have become an indispensable tool in the design of contemporary antennas. EM‐driven tasks, for example, parametric optimization, entail considerable computational efforts, which may be reduced by employing surrogate models. Yet, data‐driven modelling of antenna characteristics is largely hindered by the curse of dimensionality. This may be addressed using the recently reported domain‐confinement techniques, especially the nested‐kriging framework, which permits rendering of reliable surrogates over wide ranges of antenna parameters while greatly reducing the computational overhead of training data acquisition. Focused on modelling of multi‐band antennas, this paper attempts to reduce the cost of surrogate construction even further by incorporating variable‐fidelity simulations into the nested kriging. The principal challenge being design‐dependent frequency shifts between the models of various fidelities is handled through the development of a customized frequency scaling and output space mapping. Validation is carried out using a dual‐band dipole antenna modeled over broad ranges of operating conditions. A small training data set is sufficient to secure the predictive power comparable to that of the nested kriging model set up using solely high‐fidelity data, and by far exceeding the accuracy of conventional surrogates. Application examples for antenna optimization and experimental verification of the selected designs are also provided.
Dominant factor of dry‐wet change in China since 1960s
Authors: Xu Jinqin , Wang Dandan , Qiu Xinfa , Zeng Yan , Zhu Xiaochen , Li Mengxi , He Yongjian , Shi Guoping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dry‐wet climate conditions of an area are mainly determined by the water input (e.g., precipitation, P) and output (e.g., potential evapotranspiration, PET). Based on three dry‐wet indices and the differential equation, this study designed a new attribution method to quantify the contributions of P and PET to the dry‐wet change, so as to determine the dominant factors of the dry‐wet change over whole China (CHINA) and various hydroclimate regions (i.e., arid region, AR; semi‐arid region, SAR; semi‐humid region, SHR; and humid region, HR) during 1960–2018 and six interdecadal periods. Results showed that the overall weak drying in CHINA was dominated by an increase in PET, while climate humidification in AR and HR was dominated by an increase in P, climate drying in SHR was dominated by the reduced P, and the weak drying in SAR was co‐dominated by P and PET during 1960–2018. The dominant factors of dry‐wet change over CHINA and each hydroclimate region varied in different decades. Briefly, climate humidification in CHINA and various hydroclimate regions was basically dominated by P in different decades, and the drying was mainly dominated by P in the 1960s–1980s, but the contribution of PET to climate drying began to become prominent after the 1980s. Besides, we found that P contributed more to dry‐wet change than PET on the station and regional scales, but the contribution of P to climate drying on a national scale was underestimated to some extent due to the regional offset effect of the increase/decrease in P during 1960–2018, as well as in the 1990s. These findings implied that the importance of research on the regional or local scale, and equal attention should be paid to the effects of P and PET changes in the future drought or dry‐wet change research.
The effect of age and sex on pelvic bone density measured opportunistically in clinical CT scans
Authors: Telfer Scott , Brunnquell Christina L. , Allen Jerad D. , Linnau Ken F. , Zamora David , Kleweno Conor P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnstable pelvic ring fractures are severe and complex injuries, and surgical fixation is challenging and can be complicated by early failure due in part to difficulties with securely fixing screws in low‐density bone. There is limited information in the literature about how the density distribution across the pelvic bones changes with age and sex. In this study, we used 60 sets of calibrated bone density measurements obtained opportunistically from clinical computed tomography scans of the pelvis. Three‐dimensional models of the innominate bone were produced and the effects of age and sex on cortical bone density modeled. Overall trends and regions where these factors had a significant effect were identified, and the results visualized. Across the entire innominate bone, the mean loss of density was found to be 1.6 mg/cc per year, with several specific areas (pubic body, iliac fossa, posterior ilium, and anterior inferior iliac spine for example) showing significant rates of loss up to three times greater than the rest of the bone. Areas significantly affected by sex included the posterior pubic root, anterior aspect of the pubic body, and iliac crest. Despite overall trends of attenuation, there remains significant variability between individuals. This supports the need to further explore subject‐specific planning tools for pelvic fracture repair.Statement of clinical significance: Bone density changes across the innominate bone due to age and sex tend to vary between individuals, although consistent effects were seen at specific regions. This information may help in surgical planning of unstable fracture repairs.
Evolution of Olfactory Disorders in COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Gorzkowski Victor , Bevilacqua Sibylle , Charmillon Alexandre , Jankowski Roger , Gallet Patrice , Rumeau Cécile , Nguyen Duc Trung 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesA high frequency and a strong association of olfactory/gustatory impairment with COVID‐19 were reported. Its spontaneous evolution remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the spontaneous evolution of olfactory disorders in COVID‐19 patients.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 229 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 from March 1 through 31, 2020 in our institution were included. Among them, 140 patients (mean age, 38.5 years, 89 women) reported sudden olfactory/gustatory disorders during COVID‐19. All patients were interviewed by phone based on a questionnaire with 16 questions at time of survey. The primary end point was olfactory recovery rate at time of survey.ResultsThe frequency of patients with olfactory disorders was higher before March 20, 2020 than since (70.3% vs. 53.9%, respectively) (P = .016). At time of survey (26 days of the mean time from anosmia onset), 95.71% reported to start an olfactory recovery. The mean time from olfactory loss onset to recovery onset was 11.6 days. Recovery started between the fourth and the fifteenth day after olfactory loss onset in 78.4% of patients. Complete olfactory recovery happened for 51.43% of patients. There was a significant relationship between the complete olfactory recovery and a short time from olfactory loss onset to recovery onset (P = .0004), absence of nasal obstruction (P = .023) and absence of sore/dry/tingling feeling in the nose (P = .007) in COVID‐19 patients.ConclusionKnowledge of spontaneous evolution of olfactory disorders allows reassuring patients and planning therapeutic strategies for persistent olfactory dysfunction after having definitely recovered from COVID‐19.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2667–2673, 2020
More on trees and Cohen reals
Authors: Laguzzi Giorgio , Stuber‐Rousselle Brendan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we analyse some questions concerning trees on κ, both for the countable and the uncountable case, and the connections with Cohen reals. In particular, we provide a proof for one of the implications left open in [6, Question 5.2] about the diagram for regularity properties.
Grape Powder Supplementation Attenuates Prostate Neoplasia Associated with Pten Haploinsufficiency in Mice Fed High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Joshi Tanvi , Patel Ishani , Kumar Avinash , Donovan Virginia , Levenson Anait S. 
Published: July 2020

ScopePrevious studies have identified potent anticancer activities of polyphenols in preventing prostate cancer. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of grape powder (GP) supplemented diets in genetically predisposed and obesity‐provoked prostate cancer.Methods and resultsProstate‐specific Pten heterozygous (Pten+/f) transgenic mice are fed low‐ and high‐fat diet (LFD and HFD, respectively) supplemented with 10% GP for 33 weeks, ad libitum. Prostate tissues are characterized using immunohistochemistry and western blots, and sera are analyzed by ELISA and qRT‐PCR. Pten+/f mice fed LFD and HFD supplemented with 10% GP show favorable histopathology, significant reduction of the proliferative rate of prostate epithelial cells (Ki67), and rescue of PTEN expression. The most potent protective effect of GP supplementation is detected against HFD‐induced increase in inflammation (IL‐1β; TGF‐β1), activation of cell survival pathways (Akt, AR), and angiogenesis (CD31) in Pten+/f mice. Moreover, GP supplementation reduces circulating levels of oncogenic microRNAs (miR‐34a; miR‐22) in Pten+/f mice. There are no significant changes in body weight and food intake in GP supplemented diet groups.ConclusionsGP diet supplementation can be a beneficial chemopreventive strategy for obesity‐related inflammation and prostate cancer progression. Monitoring serum miRNAs can facilitate the non‐invasive evaluation of chemoprevention efficacy.
Printed compact asymmetric dual L‐strip fed split‐ring shaped EBG‐based textile antenna for WBAN applications
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Verma Sudhanshu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis letter presents a design of very compact asymmetric dual L‐strip fed split‐ring shaped electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)‐based textile antenna for wireless body area networks (WBAN) applications, operating at frequency 2.45 GHz. The antenna radiator is composed of 2 × 1 array of EBG cells printed on same side of the substrate with partial ground plane to form a compact EBG surface, excited with a 50 Ω inverted L‐strip feed line. The partial ground plane with EBG cells is used to miniaturize the proposed antenna of size 40 × 20 × 0.3 mm3. The proposed compact asymmetric dual L‐strip fed wearable antenna (DLSWA) with EBG structure is fabricated on denim (jeans) substrate having dielectric constant (ɛr) 1.7 and thickness of 0.3 mm. The design of proposed antenna is optimized for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band (2.4‐2.48 GHz)through various parametric variations with simulated impedance bandwidth (BW) of 12.2% (2.3‐2.6 GHz) for reflection coefficient |S11| ≤ −10 dB and also exhibits stable radiation patterns with simulated peak realized gain of almost 3.5 dBi in the entire operational frequency band. The performance of proposed wearable antenna on human body is also studied and observed low specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 0.6 W/kg over 10 g of human tissues. The proposed compact asymmetric DLSWA is designed, fabricated, and tested. The simulated results of designed antenna are verified and validated with measured results which show good agreement for all radiation characteristics of proposed antenna for WBAN applications.
On competitive analysis for polling systems
Authors: Xu Jin , Gautam Natarajan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolling systems have been widely studied, however most of these studies focus on polling systems with renewal processes for arrivals and random variables for service times. There is a need driven by practical applications to study polling systems with arbitrary arrivals (not restricted to time‐varying or in batches) and revealed service time upon a job's arrival. To address that need, our work considers a polling system with generic setting and for the first time provides the worst‐case analysis for online scheduling policies in this system. We provide conditions for the existence of constant competitive ratios, and competitive lower bounds for general scheduling policies in polling systems. Our work also bridges the queueing and scheduling communities by proving the competitive ratios for several well‐studied policies in the queueing literature, such as cyclic policies with exhaustive, gated or l‐limited service disciplines for polling systems.
Overcoming the cohesive zone limit in composites delamination: modeling with slender structural elements and higher‐order adaptive integration
Authors: Russo Raffaele , Chen Boyang 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCohesive element (CE) is a well‐established finite element for fracture, widely used for the modeling of delamination in composites. However, an extremely fine mesh is usually needed to resolve the cohesive zone, making CE‐based delamination analysis computationally prohibitive for applications beyond the scale of lab coupons. In this work, a new CE‐based method of modeling delamination in composites is proposed to overcome this cohesive zone limit on the mesh density. The proposed method makes use of slender structural elements for the plies, a compatible formulation with adaptive higher‐order integration for the CEs, and the corotational formulation for geometrically nonlinear analysis. The proposed method is verified and validated on the classical benchmark problems of Mode I, II, mixed‐mode delamination, a buckling‐induced delamination problem and a double‐delamination problem. The results show that elements much larger than the cohesive zone length can be used while retaining accuracy.
Matrix‐free crosshole elliptical‐anisotropy tomography: parametrization analysis and ground‐penetrating radar applications in carbonates
Authors: Salcedo Marco , Garambois Stéphane , Le Bouteiller Philippe , Li Yubing , Sénéchal Guy , Danquigny Charles , Virieux Jean 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTA novel traveltime tomographic approach is applied to anisotropic media, limited to 2D geometry at present. A general anisotropic Eikonal solver based on a discontinuous Galerkin method is combined with an efficient adjoint formulation for multiparameter least‐squares inversion. This new approach is tested considering synthetic crosshole ground‐penetrating radar data. The configuration of the ground‐penetrating radar survey is inspired by a real experiment done on layered carbonate media disturbed by the presence of a deep gallery, which induces a localized high‐electromagnetic contrast. This made it possible to define a well‐adapted general workflow in this context. We notably show that, under the elliptical anisotropic assumption, the parametrization based on vertical and horizontal velocities provides less biased results than those obtained by considering the vertical velocity and the relevant Thomsen parameter . The initial vertical and horizontal velocity models are identical and built from an isotropic inversion. The presence of the high‐contrast gallery generates a weak diffraction pattern, which is taken into account in our tomography approach. It also creates potential artefacts due to the model discretization, which are mitigated by a model regularization term within the definition of the misfit function. This general workflow is then applied to the real experiment dataset. The vertical and horizontal velocity images provide similar structures as those previously obtained by isotropic full waveform inversion, complemented by an image of a rather weak elliptical anisotropy.
Distributed adaptive consensus tracking for uncertain high‐order nonlinear multiagent systems with event‐triggered communication
Authors: Long Jiang , Wang Wei , Huang Jiangshuai , Fan Huijin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the distributed adaptive consensus tracking control problem for a class of high‐order nonlinear multiagent systems with unmodeled system dynamics, uncertain external disturbances, and event‐triggered communication. Under an undirected graph condition, a robust distributed adaptive consensus control scheme is proposed. To deal with the lumped system uncertainties involved in each agent, adaptive compensation techniques are adopted. Moreover, by designing a triggering condition for each agent, which only relies on individual states' changing rates, continuous monitoring of neighboring states can be avoided. It is shown that with the proposed control scheme, all the closed‐loop signals are globally uniformly bounded and all the agents' outputs can track the desired trajectory with adjustable tracking errors. Meanwhile, Zeno behavior is excluded in each agent.
Prediction on electrical resistivity of thin‐ply unidirectional composites considering electric tunnel effect
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Na , Wang Chao‐Yang , Guo Zoey , Zhou Ying‐Guo , Wu Hai‐Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents a model for equivalent conductive paths to predict the resistivity of thin‐ply carbon fiber reinforced unidirectional laminate (UDL), which incorporates electric tunnel effect. A statistical method was used to calculate the effective intra‐laminar conductive contact ratio and the number of inter‐laminar conductive pathways. Resistivities of four samples with ply thickness varying from 0.02 to 0.1 mm were calculated. A detailed comparison between the predicted and measured resistivities in the longitudinal, transverse and thickness directions validates the present model, which reveals the influence of ply thickness on the resistivity of the samples. Analysis of the model indicates that the resistivity of UDLs in the fiber direction is mainly dependent on the volume fraction, and the resistivities in their transverse and thickness directions are related to both the volume fraction of fibers and the microstructure of UDLs.
The connective eccentricity index of graphs and its applications to octane isomers and benzenoid hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Guangfu , Yan Lixia , Zaman Shahid , Zhang Minjie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe connective eccentricity index (CEI) of a graph G is defined as , where εG(.) denotes the eccentricity of the corresponding vertex. The CEI obligates an influential ability, which is due to its estimating pharmaceutical properties. In this paper, we first characterize the extremal graphs with respect to the CEI among k‐connected graphs (k‐connected bipartite graphs) with a given diameter. Then, the sharp upper bound on the CEI of graphs with given connectivity and minimum degree (independence number) is determined. Finally, we calculate the CEI of two sets of molecular graphs: octane isomers and benzenoid hydrocarbons. We compare their CEI with some other distance‐based topological indices through their correlations with the chemical properties. The linear model for the CEI is better than or as good as the models corresponding to the other distance‐based indices.