bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human milk microbiota associated with early colonization of the neonatal gut in Mexican newborns
Authors: Corona-Cervantes Karina , García-González Igrid , Villalobos-Flores Loan Edel , Hernández-Quiroz Fernando , Piña-Escobedo Alberto , Hoyo-Vadillo Carlos , Rangel-Calvillo Martín Noé , García-Mena Jaime 
Published: May 2020

Background
Human milk microbiota plays a role in the bacterial colonization of the neonatal gut, which has important consequences in the health and development of the newborn. However, there are few studies about the vertical transfer of bacteria from mother to infant in Latin American populations.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study characterizing the bacterial diversity of 67 human milk-neonatal stool pairs by high-throughput sequencing of V3-16S rDNA libraries, to assess the effect of the human milk microbiota on the bacterial composition of the neonate’s gut at early days.

Results
Human milk showed higher microbial diversity as compared to the neonatal stool. Members of the Staphylococcaceae and Sphingomonadaceae families were more prevalent in human milk, whereas the Pseudomonadaceae family, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium genera were in the neonatal stool. The delivery mode showed association with the neonatal gut microbiota diversity, but not with the human milk microbiota diversity; for instance, neonates born by C-section showed greater richness and diversity in stool microbiota than those born vaginally. We found 25 bacterial taxa shared by both ecosystems and 67.7% of bacteria found in neonate stool were predicted to originate from human milk. This study contributes to the knowledge of human milk and neonatal stool microbiota in healthy Mexican population and supports the idea of vertical mother-neonate transmission through exclusive breastfeeding.
Provincializando o COVID-19: Resposta ao vírus em contexto hipercomplexo
Authors: Neves Fabrício Monteiro 
Published: May 2020

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">A pandemia do Corona-vírus (COVID-19) representa um desafio para a sociedade mundial e para os sistemas de saúde. A doença é considerada altamente infecciosa, causadora de uma variedade de sintomas que tem levado os sistemas de saúde pelo mundo ao colapso. Grande parte dos processos sociais mobilizados pela pandemia estão enraizados nos limites dos estados nacionais, os quais não respondem igualmente a fenômenos dessa magnitude. Este ensaio busca fazer uma leitura da pandemia no Brasil, a partir da teoria dos sistemas, argumentando que a dinâmica dos sistemas sociais neste contexto global manifesta-se como expressão de complexidade desestruturada e desestruturante. Consequentemente, tem-se dificuldades de coordenação e centralização das medidas de enfrentamento no sistema de saúde.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p>
A interiorização da pandemia: potenciais impactos em populações em situação de vulnerabilidade na Amazônia
Authors: Escobar Ana Lucia 
Published: May 2020

<p>A disseminação da COVID-19 entre populações com alta vulnerabilidade social, demográfica e epidemiológica causa preocupações entre lideranças indígenas e quilombolas. A rápida interiorização da pandemia pode atingir de forma diferenciada estes grupos populacionais. O relativo isolamento em que vivem determinados grupos indígenas pode ajudar a proteger as comunidades, como no caso de São Gabriel da Cachoeira. Por sua vez, este isolamento é ameaçado pelas invasões de grileiros, madeireiros ilegais, garimpeiros e missionários, que agem como vetores do novo coronavírus. As retrações de financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde que vêm ocorrendo há vários anos está na origem das dificuldades para dar respostas adequadas ao atendimento dos doentes em vários locais do país, como no caso do estado do Amazonas. Para vencer a pandemia é necessário expandir os investimentos no SUS, pois se trata de evitar mortes e preservar vidas. É fundamental conduzir contínuas análises de monitoramento do espalhamento da epidemia, inclusive chamando atenção para a centralidade da participação das organizações indígenas e quilombolas nas atividades de vigilância, destacando a importância o protagonismo de organizações e lideranças devem exercer.</p>
Alfalfa establishment with sorghum–sudangrass as a companion crop
Authors: La Vallie Martina , Guretzky John A. , Schacht Walter H. , Redfearn Daren D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReduced first‐year yields and competition from weeds often limits alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) planting and establishment. This study was conducted to evaluate sorghum–sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × S. bicolor var. sudanese) use as a companion crop for increased forage production and weed suppression during alfalfa establishment. In 2016 and 2017, alfalfa was drill seeded in the same row with a sorghum–sudangrass companion crop (SSGCC) treatment harvested either three (2016) or two (2017) times in a Lincoln, NE, experiment. Pairing effects were compared with non‐weeded control (NWC) and weeded control (WC) alfalfa monoculture seeding treatments. Total dry matter yields in the seeding year averaged 11.73 and 2.36 Mg ha−1 in the NWC and WC treatments, respectively. The SSGCC treatment, meanwhile, increased total dry matter yields to 26.37 Mg ha−1 while reducing weed yields by 63% relative to the NWC. The increase in total dry matter yield, though, came at a cost to seeding‐year alfalfa yields, which averaged 0.19 Mg ha−1 in the SSGCC treatment, compared with 0.56 and 2.29 Mg ha−1 in the NWC and WC treatments, respectively. In spring the year after seeding, alfalfa yields averaged 4.32, 8.05, and 3.68 Mg ha−1 in the NWC, WC, and SSGCC treatments indicating that seeding with sorghum–sudangrass could be an option to increase seeding‐year forage production and establish fair‐to‐moderately productive alfalfa stands in subsequent years. Alfalfa yields in the year after seeding, though, were greatest for the WC treatment indicating presence of benefits and tradeoffs of establishment with companion crops.
NIR‐Absorbing π‐Extended Azulene: Non‐Alternant Isomer of Terrylene Bisimide
Authors: Pigulski Bartłomiej , Shoyama Kazutaka , Würthner Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe first planar π‐extended azulene that retains aromaticity of odd‐membered rings was synthesized by [3+3] peri‐annulation of two naphthalene imides at both long‐edge sides of azulene. Using bromination and subsequent nucleophilic substitution by methoxide and morpholine, selective functionalization of the π‐extended azulene was achieved. Whilst these new azulenes can be regarded as isomers of terrylene bisimide they exhibit entirely different properties, which include very narrow optical and electrochemical gaps. DFT, TD‐DFT, as well as nucleus‐independent chemical shift calculations were applied to explain the structural and functional properties of these new π scaffolds. Furthermore, X‐ray crystallography confirmed the planarity of the reported π‐scaffolds and aromaticity of their azulene moiety.
N−H Bond Formation at a Diiron Bridging Nitride
Authors: Zhang Shaoguang , Cui Peng , Liu Tianchang , Wang Qiuran , Longo Thomas J. , Thierer Laura M. , Manor Brian C. , Gau Michael R. , Carroll Patrick J. , Papaefthymiou Georgia C. , Tomson Neil C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite their connection to ammonia synthesis, little is known about the ability of iron‐bound, bridging nitrides to form N−H bonds. Herein we report a linear diiron bridging nitride complex supported by a redox‐active macrocycle. The unique ability of the ligand scaffold to adapt to the geometric preference of the bridging species was found to facilitate the formation of N−H bonds via proton‐coupled electron transfer to generate a μ‐amide product. The structurally analogous μ‐silyl‐ and μ‐borylamide complexes were shown to form from the net insertion of the nitride into the E−H bonds (E=B, Si). Protonation of the parent bridging amide produced ammonia in high yield, and treatment of the nitride with PhSH was found to liberate NH3 in high yield through a reaction that engages the redox‐activity of the ligand during PCET.
Identification of isoflavones in the extract of supplements for menopause symptoms by direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Beszterda Monika , Frański Rafał 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years high consumption of dietary supplements has been observed. However, the consumption of dietary supplements may lead to the unexpected side effects that can be related to the number of adulterated supplements quite often marketed. It has prompted the search for a fast and reliable method of identification of main active compounds in the supplements. In this study, the isoflavones present in the methanol extracts of dietary supplements for menopause symptoms were identified by using direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The product ion spectra of [M‐H]− ions derived from the extracts matched very well those obtained for standard compounds. Daidzein, genistein, and glycitein were identified in the soy‐based supplements, while daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A were identified in the red clover‐based ones. The respective [M+Na]+ ions were also detected; however, their product ion spectra did not allow isoflavone identification. It can be concluded that the main isoflavones present in the extracts of dietary supplements can be successfully and quickly identified by using the direct infusion electrospray ionization in negative ion mode, followed by the tandem mass spectrometry experiment.
Transport of orally delivered dsRNA in southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula
Authors: Gurusamy Dhandapani , Howell Jeffrey L. , Chereddy Shankar C. R. R. , Koo Jinmo , Palli Subba Reddy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe southern green stink bug (SGSB, Nezara viridula) is an emerging polyphagous pest in many regions of the world. RNA interference (RNAi) is a valuable method for understanding gene function and holds great potential for pest management. However, RNAi efficiency is variable among insects and the differences in transport of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) are one of the major factors that contribute to this variability. In this study, Cy3 labeled dsRNA was used to track the transport of dsRNA in SGSB tissues. Cy3_dsRNA was detected in the hemocytes, fat body (FB), epidermis, and midgut tissues at 24–72 hr after injection. Orally delivered Cy3_dsRNA or Cypher‐5E labeled dsRNA was mostly detected in the midgut and a few signals were detected in parts of the FB and epidermis. Both injected and fed Cy3_dsRNA showed stronger signals in SGSB tissues when compared to Cy3_siRNA (small interfering RNA) or Cy3_shRNA (short hairpin RNA). dsRNA targeting the gene for a vacuolar‐sorting protein, SNF7, induced higher knockdown of the target gene and greater SGSB mortality compared to siRNA or shRNA targeting this gene. 32P‐labeled dsRNA injected into SGSB was processed into siRNA, but fed 32P‐labeled dsRNA was not efficiently processed into siRNA. These data suggest that transport of orally delivered dsRNA across the midgut epithelium is not efficient in SGSB which may contribute to variable RNAi efficiency. Targeting genes expressed in the midgut rather than other tissues and using dsRNA instead of siRNA or shRNA would be more effective for RNAi‐mediated control of this pest.
Effectiveness and safety of low‐dose apatinib in advanced gastric cancer: A real‐world study
Authors: Du Yingying , Cao Qisheng , Jiang Congqiao , Liang Hui , Ning Zhongliang , Ji Chushu , Wang Jinguo , Zhou Chaoping , Jiang Zonghui , Yu Changjun , Li Lei , Zhao Yong , Xu Yuemei , Xu Tengyun , Hu Wenjun , Wang Daoqin , Cheng Huaidong , Wang Guihe , Zhou Jinhua , Wang Song , Zhang Yanshun , Hu Zhiqiang , Li Xinzhong , Lu Donghui , Zhang Jun , Xie Hua , Sun Guoping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractApatinib has been demonstrated to be effective and safe among patients with gastric cancer failing after at least two lines chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness and safety of low‐dose apatinib for the treatment of gastric cancer in real‐world practice. We performed a prospective, multicenter observation study in a real‐world setting. Patients with advanced gastric cancer more than 18 years old were eligible and received low‐dose apatinib (500 mg or 250mg per day) therapy. The median progression‐free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety were assessed. Between September 2017 and April 2019, a total of 747 patients were enrolled. The mPFS was 5.56 months (95% CI 4.47‐6.28), and mOS was 7.5 months (95% CI 6.74‐8.88). Four patients achieved complete response, 47 achieved partial response, and 374 patients achieved stable disease. The ORR was 6.83% and DCR was 56.89%. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that hand‐foot syndrome was one independent predictor for PFS and OS. The most common adverse events (AEs) at any grade were hypertension (36.55%), proteinuria (10.26%), hand‐foot syndrome (33.53%), fatigue (24.9%), anemia (57.35%), leukopenia (44.49%), thrombocytopenia (34.21%), and neutropenia (53.33%). Grade 3‐4 AEs with incidences of 5% or greater were anemia (13.97%), thrombocytopenia (7.14%), and neutropenia (6.67%). No treatment‐related death was observed during the treatment of apatinib. The prospective study suggested that low‐dose apatinib was an effective regimen for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer with tolerable or controlled toxicity in real world.Trial registration: NCT03333967.
Chemoradiotherapy vs radiotherapy for nonoperative early stage esophageal cancer: A seer data analysis
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Jia Yibin , Cheng Yufeng , Wang Jianbo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of endoscopic treatment (ET) and esophagectomy for early esophageal cancer (EC) has been sufficiently recognized. Radiotherapy (RT) is the main treatment modality for patients who do not undergo surgery. The effectiveness of adding chemotherapy (CT) to RT remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and RT alone on overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in early EC patients not undergoing surgery.MethodsData collected between 2004 and 2015 were obtained from the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All the samples were randomly grouped into the training cohort or the verification cohort. The training cohort was split into subgroups by stage, age, and histology. Stage was based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 6th edition published in 2004. The Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to compare OS and CSS. The performance of the nomogram was measured by a concordance index (C‐index) and the calibration curve.ResultsData for a total of 5332 patients were obtained from the SEER database. A total of 3736 patients (stage I: n = 1277; stage IIA: n = 1484; stage IIB: n = 975) were used for the training cohort. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, sex, histology, grade, therapy, reasons for no surgery, and year of diagnosis were independent predictors of OS. The survival curve of patients treated with CRT showed a significant survival benefit compared to that in patients treated by RT alone in stage I, stage IIA, and stage IIB. CRT was also found to be related to better survival than RT in patients at a younger age (<65) and an older age (≥65) with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsCompared with RT, CRT results in better OS and CSS in early EC patients who do not undergo surgery.
Remote robotic percutaneous coronary intervention: An animal feasibility study
Authors: Eleid Mackram F. , Zheng Park P. , Gulati Rajiv , Bergman Per , Kottenstette Nicholas , Li Yao , Lerman Amir , Sandhu Gurpreet S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and safety of robotic PCI performed using an off‐siteremote‐control system in an animal model.BackgroundAccess to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a challenge in acute myocardial infarction management. The combination of telemedicine and robotic PCI allow the potential delivery of primary PCI to remote locations without the delay of transfer.MethodsThis single‐center prospective pilot preclinical feasibility study compared robotic PCI with remote PCI on swine across three stages (adjacent room, different floor of the same building, two different buildings). Latency up to 1,000 ms was introduced into the operating environment to simulate decreased network quality (blinded to operator). The primary outcome measures were technical success and acute safety. The secondary outcome measures included lesion wiring time, procedural time and qualitative scoring of the PCI experience by the operator.ResultsAcross 52 experiments in 15 animals, technical success was 100%. No procedural complications occurred during the study. No significant difference in lesion treatment time was detected between stages (p = .11) and between time per target vessel when latency up to 1,000 ms was introduced (p = .58). Injected delay >250 ms had the greatest impact on procedure perceived lag. Longer procedure time was associated with lower procedure impact score, regardless of injected latency.ConclusionsRemote robotic PCI was feasible and safe in an animal model. Procedural duration was acceptable and unaffected by network latency. Future studies are needed to determine the safety and feasibility of remote PCI in humans.
Schistosomiasis and liver disease: Learning from the past to understand the present
Authors: Abdelghani Eman , Zerpa Rommel , Iliescu Gloria , Escalante Carmen P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo diagnose schistosomiasis, past medical history review should include recent travel to or from an endemic area, a history of elevated liver enzymes as well as contact with contaminated sources of water or farm animals.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed (4+1) Annulation: Rearrangement of Allenylic Carbamates to 3‐Pyrrolines through Phosphonium Diene Intermediates
Authors: Blank Brian R. , Andrews Ian P. , Kwon Ohyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have developed a phosphine‐catalyzed (4+1) annulative rearrangement for the preparation of 3‐pyrrolines from allenylic carbamates via phosphonium diene intermediates. We employed this methodology to synthesize an array of 1,3‐disubstituted‐ and 1,2,3‐trisubstituted‐3‐pyrrolines, including the often difficult to prepare 2‐alkyl variants. A mechanistic investigation employing allenylic acetates and mononucleophiles unexpectedly unveiled that a phosphine‐catalyzed (4+1) reaction for the construction of cyclopentene products, previously reported by Tong, might not occur through a phosphonium diene, as had been proposed, but rather through multiple mechanisms working in concert. Consequently, our phosphine‐catalyzed rearrangement is most likely the first transformation to involve the unequivocal formation of a phosphonium diene intermediate along the reaction pathway. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of this newly developed reaction, we have completed concise formal syntheses of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (±)‐trachelanthamidine and (±)‐supinidine.
CATTELL'S parallel proportional profiles
Authors: Kroonenberg Pieter M. , Harshman Richard A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn a primarily informal and conceptual way we trace the history of Cattell's parallel proportional profiles principle for factor rotation, also known as confactor rotation. Its original idea in connection with standard and confirmatory factor analysis of sets of covariance matrices from random samples is discussed as is its use in the non‐stochastic framework of three‐mode analysis. It will be shown that unfortunately the principle as an alternative for simple structure rotation has not led to a wide‐spread use in the social and behavioral sciences, but that it has celebrated triumphs in sciences like chemistry, signal processing, and other physical sciences mostly under the flag of the PARAFAC/CANDECOMP model, tensor decomposition, or canonical polyadic decomposition.
Structural Optimization of Metal Oxyhalide for CO2 Reduction with High Selectivity and Current Density
Authors: Meng Fan‐Lu , Zhang Qi , Duan Yan‐Xin , Liu Kai‐Hua , Zhang Xin‐Bo 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionElectrochemical CO2 reduction into value‐added liquid fuels using CO2 neutral renewable energy sources is very promising to solve climatic issues. In order to realize their practical applications, highly active and inexpensive electrocatalysts are urgently required. In this study, we have experimentally achieved high electrocatalytic activity towards CO2 reduction for the synthesis of formate with an enhanced current density of 15.1 mA·cm–2 and significantly improved Faradaic efficiency of 98.4% upon electrochemical reduced ultrathin bismuth oxybromide nanosheets. Moreover, the stable performance during 24 h of operation is also obtained. Furthermore, by detecting the exposed crystal plane after surface reorganization and applying density functional theory calculations, the possible reaction pathways and catalytic active plane of the derived bismuth catalyst are put forward, which would offer basic and design principles to directly develop the optimized metal Bi catalysts for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 conversion to formate.
The predictive ability of legitimacy and agency theory after the implementation of the EU directive on non‐financial information
Authors: Mio Chiara , Fasan Marco , Marcon Carlo , Panfilo Silvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDirective 2014/95/EU (the EU Directive) requires large companies to disclose information on the way they operate and manage social and environmental challenges, thus shifting the disclosure of non‐financial information (NFI) from the voluntary to the mandatory realm. Building on the idea that regulatory changes can shape stakeholder expectations, we hypothesized that legitimacy (agency) theory's ability to predict NFI disclosure after the implementation of the EU Directive, and hence after NFI disclosure became mandatory, would decrease (increase). By relying on a hand‐collected data set measuring NFI disclosure, we have found that legitimacy theory maintains its predictive ability in the new mandatory setting, while agency theory's predictive ability partially increases.