bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case series and review of emergency front‐of‐neck surgical airways from The Australian and New Zealand Emergency Department Airway Registry
Authors: Alkhouri Hatem , Richards Clare , Miers James , Fogg Toby , McCarthy Sally 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn emergency front‐of‐neck access (eFONA), also called can't intubate, can't oxygenate (CICO) rescue, is a rare event. Little is known about the performance of surgical or percutaneous airways in EDs across Australia and New Zealand.ObjectiveTo describe the management of cases resulting in an eFONA, and recorded in The Australian and New Zealand Emergency Department Airway Registry (ANZEDAR).MethodsA retrospective case series and review of ED patients undergoing surgical or percutaneous airways. Data were collected prospectively over 60 months between 2010 and 2015 from 44 participating EDs.ResultsAn eFONA/CICO rescue airway was performed on 15 adult patients: 14 cricothyroidotomies (0.3% of registry intubations) and one tracheostomy. The indication for intubation was 60% trauma and 40% medical aetiologies. The intubator specialty was emergency medicine in eight (53.3%) episodes. Thirteen (86.7%) cricothyroidotomies and the sole tracheostomy (6.7%) were performed at major referral hospitals with 12 (80%) surgical airways out of hours. In four (26.7%) cases, cricothyroidotomy was performed as the primary intubation method. Pre‐oxygenation techniques were used in 14 (93.3%) episodes; apnoeic oxygenation in four (26.7%).ConclusionsMost cases demonstrated deviations from standard difficult airway practice, which may have increased the likelihood of performance of a surgical airway, and its increased likelihood out of hours. Our findings may inform training strategies to improve care for ED patients requiring this critical intervention. We recommend further discussion of proposed standard terminology for emergency surgical or percutaneous airways, to facilitate clear crisis communication.
Alternative splicing patterns of doublesex reveal a missing link between Nix and doublesex in the sex determination cascade of Aedes albopictus
Authors: Jin Binbin , Zhao Yijie , Dong Yunqiao , Liu Peiwen , Sun Yan , Li Xiaocong , Zhang Xin , Chen Xiao‐Guang , Gu Jinbao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSexual development in insects is regulated by a complicated hierarchical cascade of sex determination. The primary signals are diverse, whereas the central nexus doublesex (dsx) gene is relatively conserved within the pathway. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is an important vector with an extensive worldwide distribution. We previously reported that Ae. albopictus dsx (Aalbdsx) yields one male‐ (AalbdsxM) and three female‐specific isoforms (AalbdsxF1‐3); however, the spatiotemporal expression profiles and mechanisms regulating sex‐specific alternative splicing require further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that the AalbdsxM messenger RNA (mRNA) represents the default pattern when analyzed in human foreskin fibroblasts and HeLa cells. We combined reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with RNA immunoprecipitation using specific antibodies against tagged Ae. albopictus male‐determining factor AalNix and confirmed that AalNix indirectly regulates dsx pre‐mRNA and regulates its alternative splicing. During the early embryo stage (0–2 and 4–8 h), maternal dsxF and default splicing dsxM were detected in both sexes; the expression of dsxM then decreased until sufficient AalNix transcripts accumulated in male embryos at 20–24 h. These findings suggest that one or more potential dsx splicing enhancers can shift dsxM to dsxF in both sexes; however, the presence of Nix influences the function of this unknown splicing enhancer and ultimately leads to the formation of dsxM in males. Finally, our results provide important insight into the regulatory mechanism of dsx alternative splicing in the mosquito.
Bone single‐photon emission computed tomography‐CT peak standardized uptake value for chronic osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Minami Yoshiyuki , Ogura Ichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecently, standardized uptake value (SUV) has been applied for the evaluation of SPECT‐CT. This study was performed to investigate the bone SPECT‐CT peak SUV for chronic osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).MethodsSixty‐five patients with jaw lesions (12 chronic osteomyelitis, 12 osteoradionecrosis and 41 MRONJ) underwent SPECT‐CT after injection of technetium‐99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate. The peak SUV was compared for the chronic osteomyelitis with osteoradionecrosis and MRONJ using GI‐BONE software. Statistical analyses for the peak SUV were performed by one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD test. A P‐value lower than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsPeak SUV for chronic osteomyelitis (15.6 ± 4.4) was significantly higher than those for osteoradionecrosis (6.7 ± 2.1, P = 0.000) and MRONJ (10.7 ± 6.1, P = 0.019).ConclusionThe SPECT‐CT peak SUV using GI‐BONE software can be useful for the evaluation of jaw lesions, such as chronic osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis and MRONJ.
Iron Isotope Compositions of Podiform Chromitites from Dazhuqu and Luobusha Ophiolites, Southern Tibet
Authors: HE Yuan , ZHU Xiangkun , SHE Yuwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPodiform chromitites crop out in ophiolitic harzburgites as pod‐like bodies associated with dunite envelopes with various thickness. It is widely accepted that the change of melt compositions caused by melt‐rock reaction, especially an increase in silica content, plays a crucial role in the generation of podiform chromitite (e.g., Arai and Yurimoto, 1994; Zhou et al., 1994). Due to the presence of ultrahigh pressure and highly reduced minerals, the genesis of some podiform chromitites was attributed to some deep processes (e.g., Arai, 2013; Yang et al., 2007). Although much progress has been achieved, the formation mechanism of podiform chromitites are still in dispute. Iron isotope may be a potential tool to give further insight to the issue, given that some high temperature processes, such as partial melting, metasomatism, magma differentiation and redox change, can result in measurable iron isotopic fractionation to different extent (e.g. Chen et al., 2014; Weyer and Ionov, 2007; Zhao et al., 2009). This study investigates the Fe isotope compositions of chromitites and chromite dunites from Dazhuqu and Luobusha ophiolites. For Dazhuqu chromite dunites, δ56Fe (relative to the standard, IRMM‐014) values range from −0.02‰ to 0.11‰ in olivines and from 0.03‰ to 0.08‰ in chromites. Chromites in Dazhuqu chromitites show δ56Fe values varying from −0.03‰ to 0.02‰. In nodular and densely disseminated chromitites from Luobusha, olivines have δ56Fe values of olivines and chromites are 0.09–0.35‰ and −0.15–0.08 ‰, respectively. Chromites from Luobusha massive chromitites have δ56Fe values of 0.07–0.12 ‰.Based on theorical calculations, chromites should be heavier than olivines in Fe isotope compositions Δ56FeOl‐Chr ≈–0.08‰ at 1300 °C according to the ionic model (e.g., Macris et al., 2015; Sossi and O'Neill, 2017). However, most of our samples, except for two samples, have Δ56FeOl‐Chr values that are greater than zero, indicating a disequilibrium inter‐mineral Fe isotopic fractionation. There is a positive correlation between Fo and δ56Fe (or Δ56FeOl‐Chr) of olivines but no positive correlation between Mg# and δ56Fe (or Δ56FeOl‐Chr) of chromites. This phenomenon suggests that the Fe isotopic dis‐equilibration may be caused by migrating melts in dunitic channels rather than by the sub‐solidus Fe‐Mg exchange (Xiao et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2019). Additionally, the wide δ56Fe range of chromites is similar to those of the subduction‐related basalts and boninites, inferring that their parental magmas form in the suprasubduction zone.
Reconsideration of Neo‐Tethys Evolution Constrained from the Nature of the Dazhuqu Ophiolitic Mantle, Southern Tibet
Authors: LIU Tong , WU Fuyuan , LIU Chuanzhou , ZHANG Chang , JI Wenbin , XU Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe nature (i.e., sub‐oceanic, sub‐arc or sub‐continental) of ophiolitic mantle peridotites from the eastern Neo‐Tethyan domain in southern Tibet has been hotly debated. This uncertainty limits our understanding of the history and evolution of the eastern Neo‐Tethys Ocean. Here we present petrological, geochemical and Re‐Os isotopic data for the mantle peridotites from the Dazhuqu ophiolite in the central segment of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet. Samples collected include both spinel lherzolites and spinel harzburgites. The lherzolites have spinel Cr# [Cr/ (Cr + Al), ∼ 0.3–0.4] comparable to those of typical abyssal peridotites. In contrast, the harzburgites have spinel Cr# (∼0.3–0.7) overlapping with the ranges of both abyssal and fore‐arc peridotites (Day et al., 2017; Parkinson and Pearce, 1998); two samples have spinel Cr# higher than 0.6, which is probably ascribed to intense melt‐rock interactions. Clinopyroxene trace element modeling indicates that the Dazhuqu mantle peridotites have experienced 0–6% garnet‐facies melting followed by 10%–18% melting in the spinel stability field. This is similar to the degree of garnet‐facies melting inferred for many abyssal peridotites (Hellebrand et al., 2002) and implies deep initial melting (> 85 km), which distinguishes the Dazhuqu mantle peridotites from fore‐arc peridotites (commonly <80 km in origin). The Dazhuqu peridotites have unradiogenic 187Os/188Os of 0.11836–0.12922, which are commonly lower than the recommended value of primitive upper mantle (PUM) (Meisel et al., 2001). All but one samples yield relatively younger Re depletion ages (TRD = 0.06–0.81 Ga) with respect to the only one sample having an older TRD age of 1.66 Ga. Re‐Os isotopes and highly siderophile element (HSE) compositions of the Dazhuqu peridotites are similar to those of abyssal peridotites (Day et al., 2017) and the Oman southern massifs (Hangh⊘j et al., 2010) but are distinct from non‐cratonic sub‐continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) xenoliths and sub‐arc mantle. We emphasize the similarity between the Dazhuqu and Oman ophiolites, both representing Neo‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere and implying ridge–trench collision.
Evaluating the Precise 39Ar/40Ar Dating of Multiple Mineral Potassic Phases in Ultra‐alkaline Rocks: Applications to Mantle Systematics
Authors: WILDE Simon A. , JOURDAN Fred , FREWER Lynda , KUSIAK Monika A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA suite of potassium‐bearing minerals from the Walgidee Hills lamproite intrusion in the Kimberley region of Western Australia was selected for 39Ar/40Ar dating. These included wadeite, jeppeite, priderite, potassium richterite, and phlogopite. All recorded excellent plateau ages, with the mean age of the combined data set being 17.3±0.3 Ma. Phlogopite recorded the largest uncertainty, whereas, of the other minerals, wadeite gave the best precision. Although rare to absent in common magmatic rocks, these minerals are widely distributed in alkaline complexes and in lamproite, kimberlite and orangeite intrusions. The results indicate this suite of minerals is excellent for 39Ar/40Ar dating and that they can be used singly or in combination to obtain the precise magmatic crystallization ages of ultra‐alkaline rocks. Because of the stability of potassium richterite at mantle depths, 39Ar/40Ar dating of MARID (mica‐amphibole‐rutile‐ilmenite‐diopside) xenoliths should be a more widely‐applied technique to investigating mantle geodynamics.
Sulfide Aggregation in Ophiolitic Dunite Channels Explains Os‐Isotope Mismatch between Oceanic Crust and Mantle
Authors: XIONG Qing , XU Yong , GONZÁLEZ‐JINÉNEZ José M. , LIU Jingao , ALARD Olivier , ZHENG Jian‐Ping , GRIFFIN William L. , O'REILLY Suzanne Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe osmium‐isotope mismatch commonly reported between mid‐ocean‐ridge basalts (MORBs) and residual mantle might reflect evolution of the MORB Re‐Os system after extraction from the asthenosphere, or preferential contribution of radiogenic Os components from mantle. However, in a MOR system, the role of dunite melt channels from the upper mantle and Moho transition zone in regulating isotopic systems between mantle and crust has rarely been evaluated. We report new Re‐Os isotopic compositions of base‐metal sulfides (BMS), chromites and dunites from dunite lenses with low spinel Cr# [Cr3+/ (Cr3++Al3+) ≤ 0.66] (products of interaction between MORB‐like melts and upper‐mantle harzburgites) from the Zedang ophiolite (South Tibet). Re‐Os isotopic compositions of low‐Cr# dunites from the Oman ophiolite are also shown for comparison. Mineralogical evidence suggests that the Zedang sulfides were originally precipitated as monosulfide solid solutions. The highly variable 187Os/188Os initial ratios (0.1191‐0.1702) and low 187Re/188Os (<0.22) of the sulfides suggest that the chromite acted as a sink for Os‐bearing sulfides, aggregating discrete Os components with heterogeneous isotopic signatures from asthenospheric or lithospheric mantle into dunite channels. The Zedang chromites and dunites show 187Os/188Os ratios similar to the primitive upper mantle (PUM), except for two dunites with sub‐PUM ratios, reflecting the contribution of Os balanced by smaller volumes of Os‐rich, unradiogenic sulfides (likely nucleating on Os nanoparticles) and larger volumes of Os‐poor radiogenic BMS. Such isotopic heterogeneity, despite with less variation, has been observed in dunite channels from the Oman ophiolite and present‐day mid‐ocean ridges. Formation of dunite channels in the upper mantle thus can aggregate Os‐bearing sulfides with chromite, leaving high Re/Os components into the residual melts. Once such channel systems were built up at the crust‐mantle transition zone, the newly incoming MOR magmas would preferentially melt and dissolve the volumetrically abundant radiogenic BMS and retain Os‐rich nanoparticles in the channels, further amplifying the Os‐isotope mismatch between oceanic crust and mantle. This study sheds new light on the multistage evolution and small‐scale behaviors of chalcophile and siderophile elements (e.g., Re‐Os) and their isotopes (e.g., 187Re‐187Os) with sulfides and chromites in a silicate‐dominated melt plumbing system beneath mid‐ocean ridges.
Mantle Partial Melting and Melt‐peridotite Interaction: A Case Study of Peridotite Xenoliths in Cenozoic Basalt of Nanjing, SE China
Authors: XU Haijin , SONG Yanru , XIONG Zhiwu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe peridotite xenoliths are widely distributed in the Cenozoic basalts, Eastern China. However, their petrogenesis is hotly controversial. The peridotite xenoliths of Nanjing are found embedded in Cenozoic alkali basalt. Most of the xenoliths are rounded and small to moderate in size (typically 5∼10 cm in diameter), though larger ones have been found. Nearly all small xenoliths are harzburgite and dunite. However, the big ones have zoned structure: lherzolite core and harzburgite or dunite rim with new growth clinopyroxene (Cpx) as eyeliner along their margins. Petrology, mineralogy, and Major and trace element compositions of the Nanjing peridotite xenoliths in the Cenozoic basalts are measured to provide an insight into the nature of their mantle sources and processes. Our works suggest that they were suffered from a partial melting process and subsequently underwent a process of melt‐peridotite interaction. The evidences of partial melting are as follows. Firstly, the lherzolite core is mostly composed of olivine (Ol) + orthopyroxene (Opx) + Cpx with minor spinel (Spl), however, the harzburgite or dunite rim is mostly complosed of Ol + Opx with minor Cpx. Secondly, from the lherzolite core to the harzburgite or dunite rim, Ol and Opx contents are gradually increased, inversely, Cpx contents are decreased, and the Spl disappears. Thirdly, Mg# values of Ol are increased from the core (∼89.5) to the rim (>92) of the peridotite xenolith, but FeO contents (from 11.0 to 8.1) in Ol are opposite. Forthly, Mg# (from 90 to 93) and Cr# (from 4 to 17) values of the Opx are increased, but its Al2O3 contents (from 5.0 to 2.0) are decreased from the core to the rim. The evidences of melt‐peridotite interaction are mostly from clinopyroxenes. The clinopyroxenes can roughly divided into two groups: original clinopyroxenes of the peridotite and new growth clinopyroxenes generated by melt‐peridotite interaction. The original clinopyroxenes are generally in the inner of peridotite xenoliths such as lherzolite. They are mostly coarse‐grained, euhedral and bottle‐green. However, the new growth clinopyroxenes generally occur as eyeliner along the margin of the peridotite xenoliths. They are generally fine‐grained, irregular and light green. Compared with the original clinopyroxenes, the new growth ones have low Na2O and Al2O3 and high CaO contents. The Nanjing peridotite xenoliths in the Cenozoic alkali basalts suggest that the SCLM beneath eastern China might be a fertile mantle which has had a complex history, and is now a mixture of refractory and fertile mantle domains modified by a number of events.
Arc‐trench System of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean: Inferred from Ophiolite in the Southern Lancangjiang Belt, SW China
Authors: ZHAI Qingguo , TANG Yue , HU Peiyuan , JIN Xiaochi , WANG Jun , WANG Haitao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Paleo‐Tethys Ocean is usually interpreted as a Paleozoic ocean basin located between the Gondwana and Laurasia supercontinents. The Paleo‐Tethyan orogenic record is well preserved in the Sanjiang area of SW China. However, ophiolites are commonly dismembered in orogenic belt, and complete ophiolite sequences are rare in the Sanjiang area. The southern Lancangjiang belt is the most complicated tectonic complex of the Sanjiang Paleo‐Tethyan orogen, SW China, and is key to understanding the evolution of the orogen. In this study, we focused on mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Yakou and Banpo areas of the southern Lancangjiang belt, of which newly discovered Yakou rocks show a complete ophiolite sequence. These rocks are composed of serpentinized peridotite, isotropic and cumulate gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, and plagiogranite. Whole‐rock geochemical data indicate that these rocks were formed in an oceanic ridge setting, and they show depletions in Nb, Ta and Ti, and enrichment in Pb, suggesting a supra‐subduction zone affinity of a back‐arc setting. Furthermore, positive ƐNd(t) (+4.5 to +6.7) and zircon ƐHf(t) values (+12.4 to +14.3), as well as mantle‐like δ18O values (∼5.5‰), suggest that these rocks were derived from a long‐term depleted mantle source. All of these features suggest that the Yakou mafic‐ultramafic complex represents an ophiolite suite, making it the first complete ophiolite sequence to be discovered in the southern Lancangjiang orogenic belt. The Banpo complex gabbroic rocks have similar whole‐rock geochemical and Sr‐Nd isotopic, and zircon O‐Hf isotopic compositions to those of the Yakou complex, suggesting an N‐MORB affinity. Thus, mafic‐ultramafic rocks from the Banpo and Jinghong areas are most likely dismembered ophiolite suites. Considering these various characteristics, we consider that the Yakou, Banpo, and Jinghong mafic‐ultramafic complexes represent an ophiolite belt but not a magmatic arc belt. SHRIMP zircon U‐Pb dating yield weighted mean ages of 305±3 Ma, 310±2 Ma, and 313±6 Ma. Therefore, we suggest that the Banpo‐Jinghong mafic‐ultramafic complex represents a Late Carboniferous (313–305 Ma) ophiolite belt in the Sanjiang Paleo‐Tethyan orogen of SW China. Finally, we propose that an arc‐trench system could have developed in the Sanjiang Paleo‐Tethyan orogenic belt of SW China during the Late Carboniferous.
Hospital admission for mental illness: Comparing women who gave birth in a private hospital and a public hospital
Authors: Sims Deborah , Xu Fenglian , Fowler Cathrine , Catling Christine 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn Australia, perinatal care is provided through a mix of government and private funding. Women who give birth in a private hospital are less likely to receive depression screening and psychosocial assessment and are less likely to access parenting services that support mental health outcomes, compared to women who give birth in a public hospital.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the risk of one outcome of perinatal mental illness – hospital admission – for women who gave birth in private hospitals compared to women who gave birth in public hospitals.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study employed binary regression analysis of state government data. Linkage of the Perinatal Data Collection, Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, and Admitted Patients Data Collection (2003–2009) has provided comparative information on women admitted to any hospital during the first year after birth with a primary diagnosis of mental illness.ResultsIn the first year after birth, women who gave birth in private hospitals were more likely to be admitted to a hospital with a primary diagnosis of mental illness (rate = 2.54%, 95% CI = 2.40–2.68%) than women who gave birth in public hospitals (rate = 1.68%, 95% CI = 1.61–1.75%).ConclusionThe increased likelihood of admission for postnatal mental illness may indicate increased risk of developing a mental illness for women who gave birth in a private hospital.
Partial measurement invariance of beliefs about teaching for creativity across U.S. and Chinese educators
Authors: Katz‐Buonincontro Jen , Hass Richard , Kettler Todd , Tang Lisa Min , Hu Weiping 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWhile empirical research on creativity has grown steadily over the past 35 years, teachers’ beliefs about creativity and their implicit beliefs about teaching for creativity remains understudied, as well as cross‐cultural examination of teacher beliefs in this area.AimsThis study explored the measurement invariance of beliefs about teaching for creativity (creative self‐efficacy, fixed creative mindset, growth creative mindset, desirability of creativity for teaching success and value of creativity for student academic and workplace success).SampleAmerican and Chinese educators at two universities were surveyed to rate the degree to which they agreed with statements about beliefs about teaching for creativity (N = 376).MethodsMeasurement invariance analysis was used Multiple‐Groups Confirmatory Factor Analysis with the lavaan package in the R Statistical Programing Environment.ResultsPartial measurement invariance was obtained such that a model with factor loadings constrained equal across samples for four of the five constructs (creative self‐efficacy, fixed creative mindset, growth creative mindset, desirability of creativity for teaching success), did not worsen model fitness. Additionally, when factor loadings for items on the value of creativity for student academic and workplace success latent variable were allowed to vary across samples, we found evidence of structural invariance. That is, the covariances among the five latent variables were found to be invariant across samples.ConclusionsThe major result of this study is that the theoretical structure and relations among five important creative self‐constructs is invariant across American and Chinese educational constructs. However, there may be cultural differences in the value of creativity for student academic and workplace success, as perceived by teachers. Future research can focus on calibrating teacher beliefs about teaching for creativity with classroom observation, in American and Chinese educational contexts.