bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitation of Reparative Dentin Using a Drug Repositioning Approach With 4-Phenylbutric Acid
Authors: Lee Eui-Seon , Aryal Yam , Kim Tae-Young , Kim Ji-Youn , Yamamoto Hitoshi , An Chang-Hyeon , An Seo-Young , Lee Youngkyun , Sohn Wern-Joo , Jung Jae-Kwang , Ha Jung-Hong , Kim Jae-Young 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For hard tissue formation, cellular mechanisms, involved in protein folding, processing, and secretion play important roles in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In pathological and regeneration conditions, ER stress hinders proper formation and secretion of proteins, and tissue regeneration by unfolded protein synthesis. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is a chemical chaperone that alleviates ER stress through modulation in proteins folding and protein trafficking. However, previous studies about 4PBA only focused on the metabolic diseases rather than on hard tissue formation and regeneration. Herein, we evaluated the function of 4PBA in dentin regeneration using an exposed pulp animal model system via a local delivery method as a drug repositioning strategy. Altered morphological changes and cellular physiology were examined with histology and immunohistochemistry. The 4PBA treatment modulated the inflammation reaction and resolved ER stress in the early stage of pulp exposure. In addition, 4PBA treatment activated blood vessel formation and TGF-𝛽1 expression in the dentin-pulp complex. Micro-computed tomography and histological examinations confirmed the facilitated formation of the dentin bridge in the 4PBA-treated specimens. These results suggest that proper modulation of ER stress would be an important factor for secretion and patterned formation in dentin regeneration.
Factors Influencing the Reference Interval of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: xing dongyang , Li Ri , Zhou Qi , Liu Delong , xu jiancheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is an important indicator for evaluating thyroid function. Many studies have reported that the TSH reference interval is susceptible to external factors. This paper summarizes the related studies published in recent years and comprehensively analyzes the effects of these factors on the TSH reference interval in healthy people.Methods: Articles published from January 1980 to January 2020 were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Medline English databases and CNKI, WanFang and CQVIP Chinese databases. In total, 21 studies were ultimately included. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software and STATA 16.0 software. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to draw the TSH concentration curve changing with age, and GraphPad 6.0 was used to draw the TSH concentration curve with sex.Results: The TSH reference interval was significantly influenced by sex and age. The overall trend of TSH concentration reveals that males are lower than females. The TSH reference interval is divided into 20~59-year-old, 60~69-year-old and over 70-year-old age groups for males and 20~39-year-old, 40~49-year-old, 50~69-year-old and over 70-year-old age groups for females. Regardless of sex, TSH concentrations all increase with age. In iodine-deficient areas, TSH reference intervals are generally lower than those in iodine-sufficient or iodine-excessive areas. The TSH reference interval in Asia and North American countries is generally higher than that in most European countries. Even the detection methods are consistent, different detection instruments can affect the TSH reference interval. Sample size and race are also important factors.Conclusion: The TSH reference interval was significantly influenced by sex and age, race, region, iodine intake, sample size, detection instruments and methods, but other factors should not be ignored. Therefore, it is necessary for each laboratory to validate an appropriate TSH reference interval based on local conditions.
The Role of Entrainment in Human Walking: Energy Minimization in Oscillating Environments
Authors: Schroeder Ryan , Croft James , Bertram John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During locomotion, humans often entrain (i.e. synchronize) their steps to external oscillations: e.g. swaying bridges, tandem walking, bouncy harnesses, vibrating treadmills, exoskeletons. Previous studies have discussed the role of nonlinear oscillators (e.g. central pattern generators) in facilitating entrainment. However, the underlying benefits of entrainment are unknown. Given substantial evidence that humans prioritize economy during locomotion, we tested whether reduced metabolic expenditure accompanies human entrainment to vertical force oscillations, where frequency and amplitude were prescribed via a custom mechatronics system during walking. Although metabolic cost was not significantly reduced during entrainment, individuals who experienced negative work from oscillations had a higher cost than those who experienced positive work, and subjects generally selected phase relationships indicating the latter. It is possible that individuals use mechanical cues to infer energy cost and inform effective gait strategies. If so, an accurate prediction may rely on the relative stability of interactions with the environment. Our results suggest that entrainment is preferred over a wide range of oscillation parameters, though not as a direct priority for minimizing metabolic cost. Instead, entrainment may act to stabilize interactions with the environment, thus increasing predictability for the effective implementation of internal models that guide energy minimization.
Phylogenetic Relationships of Sucrose Transporters (SUTs) in Plants and Genome-wide Characterization of SUT Genes in Orchidaceae
Authors: Wang Yunzhu , Chen Yue , Wei Qingzhen , Wan Hongjian , Sun Chongbo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSucrose is the primary form of photosynthetically produced carbohydrates transported long distance in many plant species, which significantly affects plant growth, development and physiology. Sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs) are a group of membrane proteins that play vital roles in mediating sucrose allocation within cells and at the whole plant level.ResultsIn this study, we investigated the relationship of SUTs in 24 representative plant species and performed a comprehensive analysis of SUT genes in three sequenced Orchidaceae species, Dendrobium officinale, Phalaenopsis equestris, and Apostasia shenzhenica. All the SUTs from 24 plants were classified into three groups and five subgroups: subgroups A, B1, B2.1, B2.2, and C, based on the evolutionary relationships. A total of 22 SUT genes were identified in Orchidaceae species, among which D. officinale had 8 genes (DenSUT01-08), P. equestris had 8 genes (PeqSUT01-08) and A. shenzhenica had 6 genes (PeqSUT01-06). For the 22 Orchidaceae SUTs, each of the subgroups A, B2.2 and C contains three genes, whereas the SUT genes were significantly expanded in the monocot-specific subgroup B2.1 which contained 12 genes. To shed light into sucrose partitioning and functions of sucrose transporters in Orchidacea species, we analysed water-soluble sugar content and performed RNA sequencing of different tissues of D. officinale, including leaves, stems, flowers and roots. The results showed that although total content of water-soluble polysaccharides was highest in the stems of D. officinale, the sucrose content was highest in flowers. Moreover, gene expression analysis showed that most of the DenSUTs were expressed in flowers, among which DenSUT01, DenSUT07 and DenSUT06 had significantly high expression levels.ConclusionsThese results indicated that stems are used as main storage sinks for photosynthetically produced sugar in D. officinale, and that the DenSUTs mainly take functions in the cellular machinery and development of floral organs. Our findings provide valuable information on sucrose partitioning and the evolution and functions of SUT genes in Orchidaceae and other species.
Diet-induced prediabetes: Effects on the systemic and renal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Authors: Mkhize Bongeka , Mosili Palesa , Ngubane Phikelelani , Sibiya Ntethelelo , Khathi Andile 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in type2 diabetes (T2D) has been characterized. However, the effects of high-fat high carbohydrate diet-induced prediabetes on the RAAS has not been elucidated. Hence, male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a normal diet (NPD) group and (HFHC) group (n=6) for 20 weeks to allow for the induction of prediabetes. Blood glucose concentration, mean arterial pressure (MAP), kidney renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1a receptor (Agtr1a) in addition to kidney and plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone were analyzed at week 20 to investigate the RAAS activity. In addition to kidney injury marker (Kim1) and urinary protein, concentrations were analyzed at week 20.
The results demonstrated an increase in blood glucose, MAP, relative expression of kidney RAAS components in the HFHC group by comparison to the NPD. Furthermore, an increase in plasma Ang II and aldosterone was accompanied by elevated Kim-1 and albumin excretion in the HFHC diet group by comparison to the NPD group. Thus, we suggest that the RAAS is activated in diet-induced prediabetes and may induce early kidney damage.
Cell-free DNA Comparative Analysis of Genomic Landscape of First-line Hormone-receptor Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer From US and China
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ran , Davis Andrew A. , Xie Feng , Gui Xinyu , Chen Yifei , Zhang Qiang , Gerratana Lorenzo , Zhang Youbin , Shah Ami N , Behdad Amir , Wehbe Firas , Huang Yong , Yu Jianjun , Du Pan , Jia Shidong , Li Huiping , Cristofanilli Massimo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The differential mutation landscape between ethnics is more comparable when using the identical detecting platform.We explored the differences in genomic landscape of patients with hormone-receptor positive (HR+), HER2-negative MBC of first recurrence or Stage IV at diagnosis from the United States (US) and China (CN).Methods: Twenty-seven US patients and 65 CN patients had circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing from plasma using the harmonized CLIA-certified, 152-gene PredicineCareTM liquid biopsy assay. Clinical outcomes were correlated with ctDNA variants. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival analysis was performed for patients and compared using log-rank test. Results: Mutations were detected in 23 of 27 (85%) US patients and 54 of 65 (83%) CN patients. The most common mutations detected included TP53, PIK3CA, CDH1, AKT1, ESR1, and BRCA2 in both US and CN patients. AKT1(18.5% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.008) and CDH1 mutations were more frequent in the US population (18.5% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.021), and gain of FGFR1 was more common in the CN cohort (7.4% vs. 24.6%, P = 0.048). PTEN deletion (5.7 months vs. 13.2 months, P = 0.03) and ESR1 alterations (9.0 months vs. 13.2 months, P = 0.02) were associated with significantly shorter PFS in CN cohort. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first real world study using a single harmonized ctDNA assay to profile plasma samples of patients from the US and CN. Differential prevalence of the mutations with therapeutic potential were found between US and CN.
Clinical Analysis and Long-term Treatment Monitoring of 3 Patients with Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ib
Authors: Du Caiqi , Li Zhuoguang , Wei Hong , Zhang Min , Hu Minghui , Zhang Cai , Luo Xiaoping , Liang Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib).Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 3 patients with GSD Ib admitted into our hospital, and summarized their onset characteristics, clinical manifestations, related examinations and treatment as well as mutational spectrum.Results After gene sequencing, the diagnosis of GSD Ib was confirmed in all 3 patients. Five variants of SLC37A4 gene were detected, of which c. 572C>T was the common variant and c. 680G>A was a novel variant. The 3 cases of GSD Ib were mainly affected by liver enlargement, growth retardation, etc., and all had a history of repeated infections. At the onset, patients mainly manifested as mildly elevated alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), accompanied by decreased absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic disorders (hypoglycemia, hyperlactic acidemia, metabolic acidosis, etc.). After long-term treatment by oral uncooked cornstarch, the abnormal liver enzymes gradually returned to normal, and metabolic abnormalities were basically controlled most of the time. With increasing age, ANC of the 3 patients decreased progressively, whereas the times of infections was reduced.Conclusions The possibility of GSD type Ib should be kept on alert when a patient suffers recurrent infections, accompanied by hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes，hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, and metabolic disorders. At present, the treatment of GSD Ib is mainly a comprehensive intervention based on diet therapy, and it is necessary to be alert to the occurrence of infectious immune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease during follow-up.
Plasmonics-Nanofluidics Metamaterial: An Ultrasensitive Platform for Terahertz biosensing and Quantitative Measurement of Molecules
Authors: Xie Mingzhen , He Jinchun , Liu Yu , Tian Huiyan , Zhan Xinyu , Xia Ke , Li Mengya , Marc Lamy de la Chapelle , Fu Weiling , Zhang Yang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The terahertz spectroscopy has attracted enormous attention for label free chemical and biological sensing, due to the presence of molecular fingerprints and remote sensing capabilities. However, because of the strong absorption of THz waves in aqueous solutions, detecting liquid-phase biological samples by THz spectroscopy has encountered strong constraints. Results: Here, we demonstrate for the first time a rapid and label-free sensing for liquid-phase biological samples using THz spectroscopy based on microfluidic metasensors. The metasensors were integrated with microfluidic chip to precisely control the liquid sample thickness within 220 nanometer (MMS-N) and 50 micrometer (MMS-U). The metasensors include a periodic split ring resonator (SRR) with two resonant peaks in the THz range. The sensitivity(S) and corresponding figure of merit (FOM) of the two resonance peaks of MMS-N and MMS-U are analyzed with respect to different refractive index matching solution. Both the two resonance peaks of the metasensors are sensitive to the varies refractive index environment and high-frequency resonant of MMS-N shows the best sensitivity(~136GHz/RIU). In addition, the label-free biological sensing capability was conducted through qualitative and quantitative LDL and ox-LDL, where a shift of resonance frequency was observed as the LDL and ox-LDL concentration increased. Conclusions: The results indicated nanofluidic metasensor presented excellent sensing capability for liquid-phase molecular analysis by THz spectroscopy, and the proposed sensing system has the potentials to be developed as a rapid, label-free and highly sensitive detection tool for molecular analysis by THz sensing.
Lead Isotopic Constraints on the Provenance of Antarctic Dust and Relevant Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Prior to the Mid-Brunhes Event (~430 Kyr Ago)
Authors: Han Changhee , Burn Laurie , Vallelonga Paul , Hur Soon Do , Boutron Claude , Lee Sanghee , Hong Sungmin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A lead (Pb) isotopic record, covering the two oldest glacial-interglacial cycles (~572 to 801 kyr ago), from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C ice core provides isotopic evidence for the provenance of dust in deep Antarctic ice prior to the Mid-Brunhes Event (MBE), ~430 kyr ago, characterized by less warm interglacials. The isotopic signatures suggest Patagonia and central-western Argentina (CWA) as the primary sources of dust in central East Antarctica during both pre-MBE glacials and interglacials, in concert with an equatorward shift of the southern westerly winds (SWW). The contribution from extra-Antarctic volcanic emissions appears to be important for non-dust Pb in the pre-MBE interglacial and intermediate climates, most likely due to the reduction of wet removal efficiency with a weakening of the hydrologic cycle. Our results show a close coupling of the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation patterns to climatic conditions prior to the MBE.
An Initial Investigation of Accuracy Required for the Identification of Small Molecules in Complex Samples Using Quantum Chemical Calculated NMR Chemical Shifts
Authors: Yesiltepe Yasemin , Govind Niri , Metz Thomas O. , Renslow Ryan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The majority of primary and secondary metabolites in nature have yet to be identified, representing a major challenge for metabolomics studies that currently require reference libraries from analyses of authentic compounds. Using currently available analytical methods, complete chemical characterization of metabolomes is infeasible for both technical and economic reasons. For example, unambiguous identification of metabolites is limited by the availability of authentic chemical standards, which, for the majority of molecules, do not exist. Computationally predicted or calculated data are a viable solution to expand the currently limited metabolite reference libraries, if such methods are shown to be sufficiently accurate. For example, determining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy spectra in silico has shown promise in the identification and delineation of metabolite structures. Many researchers have been taking advantage of density functional theory (DFT), a computationally inexpensive yet reputable method for the prediction of carbon and proton NMR spectra of metabolites. However, such methods are expected to have some error in predicted 13C and 1H NMR spectra with respect to experimentally measured values. This leads us to the question–what accuracy is required in predicted 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts for confident metabolite identification? Using the set of 11,716 small molecules found in the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), we simulated both experimental and theoretical NMR chemical shift databases. We investigated the level of accuracy required for identification of metabolites in simulated pure and impure samples by matching predicted chemical shifts to experimental data. We found 90% or more of molecules in simulated pure samples can be successfully identified when errors of 1H and 13C chemical shifts in water are below 0.6 ppm and 7.1 ppm, respectively, and below 0.5 ppm and 4.6 ppm in chloroform solvation, respectively. In simulated complex mixtures, as the complexity of the mixture increased, greater accuracy of the calculated chemical shifts was required, as expected. However, if the number of molecules in the mixture is known, e.g., when NMR is combined with MS and sample complexity is low, the likelihood of confident molecular identification increased by 90%.
Childhood Onset Exercise Addiction or Atypical Anorexia Nervosa During Covid-19: Case Report
Authors: McNicholas Fiona 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Childhood-onset Anorexia Nervosa is recognised to be atypical in presentation, both in terms of degree and type of eating pathology, exercise and compensatory behaviours, with many falling short of full diagnostic criteria. Failure to consider an eating disorder diagnosis in youth who present with extreme weight loss may have serious immediate and long term impacts. However, failure to consider other non-organic causes of weight loss may be equally detrimental to the child’s health. Case Presentation: This case reports on the acute presentation of a 12-year old boy with no prior eating concerns, who presented to hospital in a severely malnourished state 8 weeks into lockdown. To compensate for Covid-19 induced restrictions on sporting activity, this boy had followed a self-imposed daily schedule of arduous exercise, without increasing his nutritional intake. The case report examines the clinical features suggestive of Anorexia Nervosa along with a discussion on the diagnostic differential of exercise addiction, and the treatment implications. The case report highlights the unintended consequences of the pandemic restrictions. Conclusion:Accepting that pre-pubertal onset of Anorexia Nervosa, may be atypical, it is important to maintain an open mind in cases without goal directed weight loss. Although weight loss was indeed significant in this case, its occurrence was due to an excessive exercise regime, originating perhaps as a coping strategy in response to Covid-19 restrictions, but becoming addictive and impairing in nature. Worldwide responses in an effort to halt the spread of Covid-19 pandemic have been far reaching, impacting children and families in ways hitherto never imagined. Clinicians need to be alert to potentially maladaptive coping strategies and atypical and altered pathways of presentations, especially in younger children. This case illustrates some of these features.
Use of the Coding Region of Leptospira Sp. LigB&nbsp;C-terminus as a Marker for Diagnostics of Animal Leptospirosis
Authors: Saraullo Vanina , Loffler Sylvia Grune , Christensen Monica Florin , Watanabe Olivia , Hamer Micaela , Martinez Mara , Brihuega Bibiana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe causal agent of leptospirosis, pathogenic strains of the genus Leptospira spp., has Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) on its surface which play a fundamental role in infection and pathogenesis. Studies on the genome showed that the LigB protein gene is conserved in different pathogenic species. MethodsThe aim of this work was to propose a new end point PCR based on the amplification of the LigB C-Terminal coding region (ligb-ct), never used before and conserved among pathogenic Leptospira spp. Eighteen reference pathogenic, 2 intermediate and 2 no-pathogenic strains of Leptospira spp. were used. DNA from 10 other microorganism species were included in this study to determine the analytical specificity. ResultsWe obtained 100% positivity for pathogenic Leptospira strains. We found no cross-reaction with intermediate and non-pathogenic strains or with other microorganisms, highlighting a high analytical specificity. Analytical sensitivity estimated on clinical samples was higher on serum than blood and urine (6-9 x 102 lept/ml and 6-9 x 105 and 6-9 x 106 leptospires/ml, respectively). Multiple sequence alignment of this region in positive Leptospira species confirmed a high degree of conservation, with only a few single nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, the LigB C-Terminal coding region has not been previously used for molecular diagnostic and could be used for early diagnosis of leptospirosis.