bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR imaging and spectroscopy in degenerative ataxias: toward multimodal, multisite, multistage monitoring of neurodegeneration
Authors: Öz Gülin , Harding Ian H. , Krahe Janna , Reetz Kathrin 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Degenerative ataxias are rare and currently untreatable movement disorders, primarily characterized by neurodegeneration in the cerebellum and brainstem. We highlight MRI studies with the most potential for utility in pending ataxia trials and underscore advances in disease characterization and diagnostics in the field.

Recent findings
With availability of advanced MRI acquisition methods and specialized software dedicated to the analysis of MRI of the cerebellum, patterns of cerebellar atrophy in different degenerative ataxias are increasingly well defined. The field further embraced rigorous multimodal investigations to study network-level microstructural and functional brain changes and their neurochemical correlates. MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy were shown to be more sensitive to disease progression than clinical scales and to detect abnormalities in premanifest mutation carriers.

Summary
Magnetic resonance techniques are increasingly well placed for characterizing the expression and progression of degenerative ataxias. The most impactful work has arguably come through multi-institutional studies that monitor relatively large cohorts, multimodal investigations that assess the sensitivity of different measures and their interrelationships, and novel imaging approaches that are targeted to known pathophysiology (e.g., iron and spinal imaging in Friedreich ataxia). These multimodal, multi-institutional studies are paving the way to clinical trial readiness and enhanced understanding of disease in degenerative ataxias.
Immunotherapy in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Vaswani Pavan A. , Olsen Abby L. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a progressive adult-onset neurodegenerative disease. Abnormally, phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau containing four repeat domains (4R-tau) aggregate in neurons. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests that secretion and uptake of fragments of abnormal 4R-tau may play a role in disease progression. This extracellular tau is a natural target for immunotherapy.

Recent findings
Three monoclonal antibodies targeting extracellular tau are in clinical stages of development. ABBV-8E12 and BIIB092 were safe in Phase 1, but both Phase two studies recently failed futility analyses. UCB0107 recently reported (in abstract form) Phase 1 safety results, and a Phase 2 study is under consideration. Stem cell therapy and the infusion of plasma are also being explored clinically.

Summary
The likely role of extracellular tau in the progression of PSP makes tau a natural target for targeted immunotherapy. Clinical trials are still in early stages, and although tau immunotherapy has largely been shown to be safe, efficacy has yet to be demonstrated.
Efficacy of therapies in the treatment of Guillain-Barre Syndrome: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Jingfeng , Gao Qiang , Xiao Kang , Tian Danfeng , Hu Wenyue , Han Zhenyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, paralyzing, inflammatory peripheral nerve disease. For treatments of the Guillain-Barre Syndrome, there are many kinds of therapies for this diseases. For comparing all of the therapies, such as immunoglobulin, plasma exchanging, etc. in the treatment of Guillain-Barre Syndrome(GBS) to better inform clinical practice, we used Network meta analysis to get the outcome of the Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The protocol had been submitted to PROSPERO:CRD: 42019119178.MethodsWeb of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched for related articles. We identified citations and of these included 28 trials comprising 2474 patients and control group human beings. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed with two kinds of outcomes. We carried on R software with gemtc package and JAGS software to calculate results for different therapies. The consistency of direct and indirect evidence was also assessed by R software.ResultsConcerning for two outcomes, there were no improvement observed in methylprednisolone and prednisolone compared with placebo. PE and IVIg were illustrated to be effective over Placebo. There was no significant difference between different doses and times of PE and IVIg. On consistency examination between direct and indirect evidences, there were no obvious heterogeneity between all of therapies. Funnel plots indicates the possibility of publication bias in this study is small.ConclusionPE or IVIg have a significant efficiency for GBS patients. The effect of some combination treatments should be further explored. Corticosteroids have no significant effects on GBS.
Altered small-world functional network topology in patients with optic neuritis: A resting- state fMRI study
Authors: Song Ke , Li Juan , Zhu Yuanqiang , Ren Fang , Cao Lingcan , Shao Yi , Huang Zi-Gang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated changes in small-world topology and brain functional connectivity in patients with optic neuritis (ON) by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and based on graph theory.MethodsA total of 21 patients with ON (8 males and 13 females) and 21 matched healthy control subjects (8 males and 13 females) were enrolled at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and underwent rs-fMRI. Data were preprocessed and the brain was divided into 116 regions of interest. Small-world network parameters and area under the integral curve (AUC) were calculated from pairwise brain interval correlation coefficients. Differences in brain network parameter AUCs between the 2 groups were evaluated with the independent sample t-test, and changes in brain connection strength between ON patients and control subjects were assessed by network-based statistical analysis.ResultsIn the sparsity range from 0.08 to 0.48, both groups exhibited small-world attributes.Compared to the control group, global network efficiency, normalized clustering coefficient, and small-world value were higher whereas the clustering coefficient value was lower in ON patients. There were no differences in characteristic path length, local network efficiency, and normalized characteristic path length between groups. In addition, ON patients had lower brain functional connectivity strength among the rolandic operculum, medial superior frontal gyrus, insula, median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, amygdala, superior parietal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, lenticular nucleus, pallidum, superior temporal gyrus, cerebellum_Crus1_L, and left cerebellum_Crus6_L compared to the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe brain network in ON has a small-world attributes but shows reduced and abnormal connectivity compared to normal subjects. These findings provide a further insight into the neural pathogenesis of ON and reveal specific fMRI findings that can serve as diagnostic and prognostic indices.
Tracking and Classifying Global COVID-19 Cases by using 1D Deep Convolution Neural Networks
Authors: Amo-Boateng Mark 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and pandemic has taken the world by surprise and simultaneously challenged the health infrastructure of every country. Governments have resorted to draconian measures to contain the spread of the disease despite its devastating effect on their economies and education. Tracking the novel coronavirus 2019 disease remains vital as it influences the executive decisions needed to tighten or ease restrictions meant to curb the pandemic. One-Dimensional (1D) Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) have been used classify and predict several time-series and sequence data. Here 1D-CNN is applied to the time-series data of confirmed COVID-19 cases for all reporting countries and territories. The model performance was 90.5% accurate. The model was used to develop an automated AI tracker web app (AI Country Monitor) and is hosted on https://aicountrymonitor.org. This article also presents a novel concept of pandemic response curves based on cumulative confirmed cases that can be use to classify the stage of a country or reporting territory. It is our firm believe that this Artificial Intelligence COVID-19 tracker can be extended to other domains such as the monitoring/tracking of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in addition to monitoring and tracking pandemics.
A retrospective study investigating requests for self-citation during open peer review in a general medicine journal
Authors: Peebles Erin , Scandlyn Marissa , Hesp Blair R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeer review is a volunteer process for improving the quality of publications by providing objective feedback to authors, but also presents an opportunity for reviewers to seek personal reward by requesting self-citations. Open peer review may reduce the prevalence of self-citation requests and encourage author rebuttal over accession. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-citation requests and their inclusion in manuscripts in a journal with open peer review.MethodsRequests for additional references to be included during peer review for articles published between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 in BMC Medicine were evaluated. Data extracted included total number of self-citations requested, self-citations that were included in the final published manuscript and manuscripts that included at least one self-citation, and compared with corresponding data on independent citations.ResultsIn total, 932 peer review reports from 373 manuscripts were analysed. At least one additional citation was requested in 25.9% (n=241) of reports. Self-citation requests were included in 44.4% of reports requesting additional citations (11.5% of all reports). Requests for self-citation were significantly more likely than independent citations to be incorporated in the published manuscript (65.1% vs 52.1%; chi-square p=0.003). At the manuscript level, when requested, self-citations were incorporated in 76.6% of manuscripts (n=72; 19.3% of all manuscripts) compared with 68.5% of manuscripts with independent citation requests (n=102; 27.3% of manuscripts). A significant interaction was observed between the presence of self-citation requests and the likelihood of any citation request being incorporated (100% incorporation in manuscripts with self-citation requests alone versus 62.7–72.2% with any independent citation request; Fisher’s exact test p<0.0005).ConclusionsRequests for self-citations during the peer review process are common. The transparency of open peer review may have the unexpected effect of encouraging authors to incorporate self-citation requests by disclosing peer reviewer identity.
Predictors of household food insecurity in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lauren Brianna N. , Silver Elisabeth R. , Faye Adam S. , Woo Baidal Jennifer A. , Ozanne Elissa M. , Hur Chin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between sociodemographic and mental health characteristics with household food insecurity as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak.DesignCross-sectional online survey analyzed using univariable tests and a multivariable logistic regression model.SettingThe United States during the week of March 30, 2020.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 1,965 American adults using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. Participants reporting household food insecurity prior to the pandemic were excluded from analyses.Results1,517 participants reported household food security before the COVID-19 outbreak. Among this subset, 30% reported food insecurity after the COVID-19 outbreak, 53% were women and 72% were white. On multivariable analysis, race, income, relationship status, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with incident household food insecurity. Black respondents, Hispanic/Latino respondents, and respondents with annual income less than $100,000 were significantly more likely to experience incident household food insecurity. Individuals experiencing incident household food insecurity were 2.09 (95% CI 1.58–2.83) times more likely to screen positively for anxiety and 1.88 (95% CI 1.37–2.52) times more likely to screen positively for depression.ConclusionsFood insecurity due to the COVID-19 pandemic is common, and certain populations are particularly vulnerable. There are strong associations between food insecurity and anxiety/depression. Public health interventions to increase the accessibility of healthful foods, especially for Black and Hispanic/Latino communities, are crucial to relieving the economic stress of this pandemic.
Seasonal trends in colchicine prescriptions in England 2014-2019
Authors: Gibson Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo examine seasonal trends in the prescription of colchicineMethodsA retrospective cohort study using a population level dataset of all community prescriptions for colchicine dispensed in England between December 2014 and November 2019.ResultsSignificant seasonal variation exists in colchicine prescriptions (p<0.0001). Colchicine prescriptions were maximal in the summer months (June, July) in each of the years studied and lowest in the winter. Significant variation in colchicine prescriptions was observed between the summer and the winter(p<0.001), spring (p=0.0177) and autumn(p<0.001) months.ConclusionSeasonal trends in colchicine prescribing closely mirror previously observed seasonal trends in acute gout incidence providing further evidence that acute gout demonstrates seasonality and, in England, is more common in the summer.
Reflections on the progress in accounting for people and some observations on the prospects for a more successful future
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G. , Johanson Ulf , Roslender Robin 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe paper celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Flamholtz’s seminal paper on the Human Resource Accounting approach to taking people into account, providing a critical review of its progress since that time and offering some thoughts on how the project might now be beneficially shaped.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides an authoritative review of the progress of the accounting for people project to date.FindingsThe continuing exploration of how it might be possible to take people into account is identified to be entering a new and exciting phase.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors readily acknowledge that what the paper provides is an account of the evolution of the accounting for people field, which they argue is currently extending into a new and important phase relating to employee health and wellbeing.Originality/valueThe paper’s principal contribution lies in bringing together three authors who have made significant contributions to the topic of accounting for people over the past 50 years.
The specialty coffee trading company (TSCT): future and option contracts
Authors: Jenkins Mauricio , Barbosa Francisco 
Published: June 2020

Learning outcomes
The main pedagogical objectives of the case are: illustrate how Latin American companies dedicated to the production and harvesting of commodities can be vertically integrated to gain a larger share of the value created throughout the production chain. Understand how futures and options contracts in commodities can be used to hedge price risk on long and short positions in the underlying products. Understand how option contracts add value by hedging risk in those contexts where the counterparty has optionality. Discuss the implications of Fair Trade for commodity traders and producers.

Case overview/synopsis
In the case, Hernan Arosamena, CFO of The Specialty Coffee Trading Co. (TSCT), faces the challenge of designing an effective strategy to hedge the price risk caused by the increasing demand of the so-called Fair Trade coffee. Hernan Arosamena decides to review how the company has typically managed the price risk in its business transactions using future contracts to then incorporate the additional elements that trading Fair Trade coffee may entail. The typical price risk hedging strategy involves the use of coffee future contracts in long and short positions to ensure that the company obtains the desired margin in its coffee trading negotiations. To hedge the exposure to the risk of fluctuations in the price of coffee when the company sells Fair Trade coffee requires the additional use of put options.

Complexity academic level
The case is appropriate for students enrolled in courses or specialization programs at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 5: International Business.
Empowering the next generation of leaders
Authors: Appie Linda , Ndletyana Dorothy , Wilson-Prangley Anthony 
Published: June 2020

Learning outcomes
The main teaching objective for the case is for students to build a better understanding of how to advance women (and other minorities) in the workplace through mentorship. This is achieved through recognizing the wide variety of issues that enable and constrains women’s advancement in the workplace; defining mentoring, sponsorship, coaching and networking; and highlighting how mentoring, sponsorship, coaching and networking can overcome the challenges of facing women’s advancement in the workplace?

Case overview/synopsis
The case study explores the role of senior women leaders in the career advancement of other women in the workplace. It helps us understand how mentoring can address the low prevalence of women at senior levels despite companies’ efforts to advance women. The case profiles the career and leadership journey of a senior female executive, Maserame Mouyeme. It documents her rise from the dusty streets of Soweto, South Africa to become one of the first black female executives in several corporate contexts across Africa and especially at Coca-Cola. The case illustrates her practice of mentoring and its impact on her and others’ careers. Also illustrated is Mouyeme’s leadership style, mentoring approach and workplace experiences. Students deliberate Mouyeme’s dilemma: whether to continue to advance a new generation of women leaders or whether to focus on her core role of building the business she is responsible for. The selected research method is a teaching case study, grounded in an exploratory approach. Primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews with the protagonist and four of her mentees. Secondary data was collected via studies about the protagonist and the companies she has worked for in her career. The case provides empirical insights about the role of leaders and especially women, in advancing women. The case shows the approaches in which organizations can advance women. It also shows how emerging leaders can better manage their own careers. The case deepens knowledge of women advancement and career development.

Complexity academic level
The case is appropriate for post-graduate level study, including MBA-level. It is also appropriate for use on executive development programs.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
Affordable housing in Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030: new developments and new challenges
Authors: Alqahtany Ali 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the housing delivery within the Saudi Vision 2030 through an in-depth reading of the Saudi Vision 2030 from the researcher’s point of view and to identify the most significant aspects that may affect housing delivery in the country.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the desktop study technique was followed to review the key related literature, collect the data and analyze secondary data. The content analysis technique was used for data analysis of gathered documents and secondary data.

Findings
The findings reveal that there are several commitments in the Saudi Vision 2030 from the Saudi Government to be an exemplary leading nation in all aspects, including the delivery of affordable housing. Housing shortage, housing cost, demographic changes and land scarcity are identified as significant reasons for the lack of providing affordable housing.

Research limitations/implications
The opinions of policymakers is very important, but due to time limitation, it has not been addressed. Future research can assess the Saudi Vision 2030 based on the study of the policymakers, professionals and academics to have better insights.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to discussing the housing delivery within the Saudi Vision 2030 and identifying the most significant aspects that may affect the housing delivery from the researcher’s point of view. Only a few studies have discussed the housing issues within the Saudi Vision 2030.
Product returns: a growing problem for business, society and environment
Authors: Frei Regina , Jack Lisa , Brown Steve 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis article sheds light onto the increasing problem of product returns, which is exacerbated by growing e-commerce. Many retailers and academics are oblivious to the nature and scale of this challenge. Interdisciplinary research is needed to develop supporting theory, and cross-functional teams are required to implement measures addressing economic, ecological and social sustainability issues.Design/methodology/approachThe initial project adopted a multi-case study approach, whereby returns processes were mapped, vulnerabilities identified and a returns cost calculator was developed.FindingsProduct returns processes are usually complicated, prone to internal and external fraud, inefficient and lack sustainability. They can generate considerable losses to the business, especially as returns data are often not systematically collected, monitored or reported to senior management. There are important implications for strategic and operational management, namely the need to develop a concept for Lean returns systems.Originality/valueProduct returns are a unique and understudied but growing field in academic research, with only few publications over the last two decades. Yet the phenomenon is causing increasing problems in business and society. Robust solutions could achieve great financial and non-financial impacts.
Social network analysis in operations and supply chain management: a review and revised research agenda
Authors: Han Yujia , Caldwell Nigel David , Ghadge Abhijeet 
Published: June 2020

PurposeSocial network analysis (SNA) seeks to manage the connections between entities through investigating and understanding behaviours and relationships. This study demonstrates the increasing relevance of social network approaches to solving contemporary and looming operations management (OM) and supply chain management (SCM) problems; including the coordination operations challenges raised by increased connectivity.Design/methodology/approachThe systematic literature review approach adopted here examines 63 papers in OM and SCM published between 2000 and 2019. To-date OM reviews on SNA have focussed on discussing archetypal supply chains, what differentiates this study is the focus on how value was created in other forms of chains and operations.FindingsThis study reveals that current SNA adoption in OM is dominated by a manufacturing style focus on linear, sequential value creation, with a resulting focus only on sequential interdependence. SNA studies on reciprocally co-ordinated value creation (e.g. many service and network operations) are shown to have been neglected and are linked to a new agenda on contemporary management issues.Research limitations/implicationsBeyond encouraging the use of SNA, this study seeks to re-orient SNA approaches towards how contemporary services and networks create value.Originality/valueThrough adopting a unique combination of approaches and frameworks, this study challenges extant work to offer a substantially revised agenda for SNA use in Operations and Supply Chain Management.