bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of C–C Bond via C–N and C–O Cleavage
Authors: Pang Xiaobo , He Rong-De , Shu Xing-Zhong 
Published: December 2019

The construction of a C–C bond is a center subject in synthetic organic chemistry. The cross-electrophile coupling has provided a powerful tool to forge the C–C bond. However, this process generally requires organic halides, which has severely restricted the design space for new reactions. Herein, we highlight our recent work on the coupling reaction between C–N and C–O electrophiles. This work demonstrates the possibility of construction of C–C bond via C–N and C–O cleavage. A number of reactions between benzyl ammoniums and vinyl acetates, aryl ammoniums and vinyl acetates, and benzyl ammoniums and aryl C–O electrophiles have been studied. We also disclosed that benzyl ammonium salts can be activated by low-valent nickel to be radicals.1	Introduction2	Cross-Coupling of C–N and C–O Electrophiles3	Summary and Outlook
Comorbidities Associated with Large Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Müller Verena , Miszczuk Milena , Althoff Christian E. , Stroux Andrea , Greiner Andreas , Kuivaniemi Helena , Hinterseher Irene 
Published: December 2019

Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm has become increasingly important owing to demographic changes. Some other diseases, for example, cholecystolithiasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hernias, seem to co-occur with abdominal aortic aneurysm. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to identify new comorbidities associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Methods We compared 100 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and 100 control patients. Their preoperative computed tomographic scans were examined by two investigators independently, for the presence of hernias, diverticulosis, and cholecystolithiasis. Medical records were also reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results The aneurysm group had a higher frequency of diverticulosis (p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of hernia (p = 0.073) or cholecystolithiasis (p = 1.00). Aneurysm patients had a significantly higher American Society of Anesthesiology score (2.84 vs. 2.63; p = 0.015) and were more likely to have coronary artery disease (p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (p < 0.001), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001). Aneurysm patients were more likely to be former (p = 0.034) or current (p = 0.006) smokers and had a significantly higher number of pack years (p < 0.001). Aneurysm patients also had a significantly poorer lung function. In multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with aneurysms: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio, OR = 12.24; p = 0.002), current smoking (OR = 4.14; p = 0.002), and coronary artery disease (OR = 2.60; p = 0.020).
Conclusions Our comprehensive analysis identified several comorbidities associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms. These results could help to recognize aneurysms earlier by targeting individuals with these comorbidities for screening.
Prognostic Factors Associated with Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients with Bleeding Varices
Authors: Eldesouky Alshaimaa Fathy , Tawfik Mohamed Abd Elraoof , Hagras Maha Mahmoud , Attia Taher Eldemerdash , Elhendawy Mohammed Elsayed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective Bleeding gastroesophageal varices are a cause of high mortality among cirrhotic patients.
Aim The aim of this study was to study prognostic factors for mortality in cirrhosis associated with variceal bleeding.
Patients and Methods This prospective study was conducted on 100 cirrhotic patients admitted to the Tanta University Hospital with an acute first variceal bleeding episode. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic findings were recorded at presentation.
Results During the first 6 weeks 15 patients died, 3 following the initial bleed and 12 after an early rebleed. At 6 months, a further 21 patients had died. Statistical analysis utilizing the baseline data revealed that high early death rate was associated with number of blood units transfused, lower systolic blood pressure, thrombocytopenia, increased serum creatinine and international normalized ratio (INR). High MELD, AIMS56, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and ROCKall scores were risk factors for mortality. Risk factors for early rebleeding included presence of diabetes mellitus, leucocytosis, high Child score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), AIMS56, and sepsis-associated organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. A high Child score, presence of ascites, and associations such as hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, leucocytosis, elevated alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, INR, and creatinine as well as low albumin were associated with decreased survival.
Conclusion High MELD, AIMS56, APACHE II, and ROCKall scores were risk factors for mortality after acute variceal bleeding. High death rate during the first 6 weeks is associated with anemia, hypotension, thrombocytopenia, increased serum creatinine, and INR. Decreased survival at 6 months is associated with increased Child score, presence of ascites and associations such as hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
‘We’ve called her Stephen’
Authors: Spišiaková Eva 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article aims to contribute to the still largely unexplored intersection of translation and non-cisgender
identities through a comparison of three reeditions of Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness (1928) in Czech translation. While the novel is considered by many to be the most famous
lesbian story published in the 20th century, it can also be read as a narrative with a transgender protagonist. This is in part
supported by the fact that the hero of the story is born with a female body but is named Stephen, creating a sense of gendered
dissonance throughout the novel. This article asks what happens when this masculine name changes into a feminine one in
translation, and explores the sociopolitical circumstances and publishing norms that have motivated this change.
Visual attention while solving the test of understanding graphs in kinematics: an eye-tracking analysis
Authors: Klein P , Lichtenberger A , Küchemann S , Becker S , Kekule M , Viiri J , Baadte C , Vaterlaus A , Kuhn J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study used eye-tracking to capture students’ visual attention while taking a test of understanding graphs in kinematics (TUG-K). A total of N = 115 upper-secondary-level students from Germany and Switzerland took the 26-item multiple-choice instrument after learning about kinematics graphs in the regular classroom. Besides choosing the correct alternative among research-based distractors, the students were required to judge their response confidence for each question. The items were presented sequentially on a computer screen equipped with a remote eye tracker, resulting in a set of approx. 3000 paired responses (accuracy and confidence) and about 40 h of eye-movement data (approx. 500 000 fixations). The analysis of students’ visual attention related to the item stems (questions), and the item options reveal that high response confidence is correlated with shorter visit duration on both elements of the items. While the students’ response accuracy and their response confidence are highly correlated on the score level, r(115) = 0.63, p < 0.001, the eye-tracking measures do not sufficiently discriminate between correct and incorrect responses. However, a more fine-grained analysis of visual attention based on different answer options reveals a significant discrimination between correct and incorrect answers in terms of an interaction effect: incorrect responses are associated with longer visit durations on strong distractors and less time spent on correct options while correct responses show the opposite trend. Outcomes of this study provide new insights into the validation of concept inventories based on the students’ behavioural level.
Influence of sputtered species ionisation on the hysteresis behaviour of reactive HiPIMS with oxygen admixture
Authors: Fekete M , Bernátová K , Klein P , Hnilica J , Vašina P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the hysteresis behaviour of a reactive magnetron sputtering process with oxygen admixture is studied by both experiment and model. The ground state number densities of titanium atoms and ions, and the deposition rates in high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge were determined for a constant average applied power and pulse duration, while the repetition frequency and reactive gas supply were varied. The hysteresis curve reduced in width and shifted towards the lower oxygen supply with a decrease in the repetition frequency. These experimentally observed trends were well reproduced by a modified Berg model. The presented model utilised measured ionisation fraction of sputtered species and considered the back-attraction of the ionised sputtered species to the target. Significance of the back-attraction process was observed as large fraction of ionised sputtered particles was found to be lost back to the target. This drastically decreased the number of particles deposited onto the substrate, which reduced not only the deposition rate, but also the gettering of the reactive gas. Consequently, the simulated hysteresis curve was shifted and reduced in width as it was observed experimentally.
Reduction in the operating voltage and active power of extended electric power sources
Authors: Konev T A , Kuzmin V A , Mutovina E Yu , Puzhaykin R D , Salomatov V N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chemical sources of current are investigated as lines with distributed parameters. Analytical expressions are obtained for the voltage and active power values of the source at different distances from the beginning of the cell as well as dependences of the working voltage and active power on the source length. Effects of a reduction in the operating voltage and active power are due to the flow of electric current along the source during operation. The magnitude of these effects depends not only on the length of the source, but also on the ratio of the characteristic resistance to the load resistance.
Averaging using normal distribution and its application in condensed matter mechanics
Authors: Rymkevich P P , Vavilov D S , Shakhova E A , Stepashkina A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The work offers a new method of averaging of physical values. The normal distribution of Gauss accepted as a method of averaging. The proposed method of averaging allows the introduction a new commutative ring. This ring has some useful properties. It is shown that in all physical laws where averaging exists, one should switch from ordinary multiplying to multiplying proposed by authors preserving the equations form. It is shown that the shape of the motion equation changes as a result of averaging in all physics laws for condensed matter.
Methodology for ensuring sustainable automatic control of the manufacturing process of manufacturing electronics using the fuzzy logic apparatus
Authors: Petrushevskaya A A , Aleshkin N A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe production equipment on which the electronics products are manufactured has stringent requirements for controlling the conformity of physical characteristics, such as thickness, depth, width, and others, to standard values. It is necessary to formalize the task of evaluating the current state vector of product characteristics to ensure real adequacy in the generation of control action and the implementation of a process control strategy close to optimal. The article discusses the process control process for manufacturing electronics by introducing means of inter-machine intellectual interaction and a self-learning multi-parameter fuzzy classifier. Based on the developed procedure, a real assessment of the current state of the controlled characteristics of the object and adequate control of disturbing influences will be provided. The formulated technology is designed to provide an improvement in the quality of transients and to preventively eliminate the risk of defective products, and, consequently, to positively affect the effectiveness of the manufacturing process of electronics manufacturing.
Thermal viscosity of polymeric materials from the standpoint of quantum transfer theory
Authors: Rymkevich P P , Romanova A A , Shakhova E A , Golovina V V , Stepashkina A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the work a physical model of the amorphous part of microfibrillar was proposed. A determining equation of thermoviscoelasticity based on this model was obtained. The equation is suitable for modeling and forecasting of the stress-strain state of amorphous-cristalline materials.
The simplest oscillating solutions of nonlocal nonlinear models
Authors: Smirnov A O , Aman E E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In their recent works, Ablowitz and Musslimani proposed a new type of integrable nonlinear equations – nonlocal analogues of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, and other nonlinear differential equations. In subsequent works, numerous researchers constructed the simplest soliton and rational solutions of these equations. In this paper, we construct the simplest oscillating solutions of some of the integrable nonlocal nonlinear differential equations associated to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
An effective system for recycling polyethyleneterephthalate
Authors: Kravtsova M V , Volkov D A , Melnikova D A , Kravtsov M V , Bezheskaia E V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To increase the efficiency of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) processing, it is necessary to improve the quality of the resulting product: low moisture content in the raw materials and a minimum amount of impurities, which affects the quality of the product PET flakes. Mathematical modeling of the separation process during mechanical processing of PET is presented. To calculate the air flow rate and separation space, a mathematical model is proposed, according to which a particle of flakes and PVC are considered as a conditional body with aerodynamic properties. It is proposed to improve the quality of PET flakes by installing an air separator. An effective processing technology for producing a product (PET flakes) with a minimum content of PVC impurities was determined, which will reduce the anthropogenic pressure on the environment.
Own fluctuations of technological systems
Authors: Ershov D Y , Zlotnikov E G , Nestorovski B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Own fluctuations in the drives of technological equipment based on a three-mass model of fluctuating torsional chain system are analyzed. Differential equations of motion of a mechanical system with three degrees of freedom are obtained. An analysis of the forms of fluctuating processes in the system is conducted. Conditions of orthogonality of own torsional fluctuation forms are considered, dependencies of own frequencies on system rigidity coefficients are determined.
Discrete event-based systems of transport automated dispatching control
Authors: Fadeev A I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper provides a formal description of the motor transport automated dispatching control system (ADCS) as a discrete event-based system. ADCS, in conjunction with the control object, forms the “ADCS - CO” system, in which the transport process is performed. The solution of the main tasks of the dispatching control system is considered, which includes measuring the parameters of the current or executed movement, identifying violations of technological standards; calculation of compliance of the transportation program and actual traffic parameters, identification of unacceptable discrepancies. The calculation of the compliance of the transportation program with the actual traffic parameters is carried out by estimating the planned and actual traffic routes, which is performed as follows: the starting and ending points of the planned route are determined in the actual trajectory of the vehicle. The next step is to evaluate the planned and actual movement by determining the overall sequence of two ordered sets: the points of the planned and actual routes of movement. The solution of this problem is performed by the classical dynamic programming algorithm about finding the largest common subsequence of two lines.
Technologies of reconstruction and procedural generation of three-dimensional content
Authors: Mezhenin Alexander , Izvozchikova Vera , Shardakov Vladimir , Korotkikh Alexey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The research is aimed at finding and developing approaches to procedural content generation that meet the conditions of universality and optimality. The use of modular objects is considered as one of the possible solutions and a model for their construction is proposed. This model allows you to create single-tier modular objects, taking into account the possibility of combining modules according to specified rules, which ensures the correctness of their construction. For the proposed model, an algorithm for generating modular objects based on a given contour was developed and implemented. This algorithm provides the ability to generate objects in real time, which allows you to quickly make changes and thereby optimize the process of generating content and make it more flexible.
Convergence of the Russian power industry in a period of declining reliability and sustainability of the industry
Authors: Gibadullin A A , Pulyaeva V N , Kharitonova E N , Kharitonova N A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article is devoted to the problem of reliable and stable functioning of the Russian electric power complex. The analysis of structural transformations in the electric power industry and statistical data allowed the authors of the study to conclude that in the industry there is a decrease in the reliability of energy facilities, the stability of the energy system is being violated, and the level of physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets is increasing. It was established in the work that in order to maintain the balance of production and consumption of electric energy, to ensure the necessary level of development of the electric power complex and economic stability, it is necessary to integrate energy enterprises into a single structural mechanism, which can be represented as a holding company. At the end of the work, a mechanism of convergence and ensuring the sustainability of the electric power complex is presented, containing measures for the integration of energy enterprises, the development of a program for ensuring stability and monitoring the technical condition of the energy system. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
The comparative estimation of workload relocation approaches in the fog- and edge-computing environments
Authors: Klimenko A B , Safronenkova I B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the current paper the issues of the workload relocation in the fog- and edge-computing environments are in-question. The workload relocation problem is closely connected to the scheduling problems, yet, outside the cloud there is almost unlimited number of nodes to place the computational tasks. So the search space for the optimization problem grows, and the time of the workload relocation degrades. We emphasize the techniques to limit the set of candidate nodes for the tasks distribution. In the paper two approaches are proposed and considered in terms of time consumption. The simple models are developed with the following simulation. Also the distributed-ledger-based modifications of the techniques are proposed and examined.
The formation of factors affecting the sustainable development of the generating complex of the electric power industry
Authors: Morkovkin D E , Kerimova Ch V , Dontsova O I , Gibadullin A A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article is devoted to the conditions and principles of the functioning of the generating complex in a changing external and internal environment. The study determined that the stability of the system is the most important state within which it is possible to streamline the production process. At the same time, in order to ensure stability, it is necessary to determine and manage the factors affecting the state of the system. In the generating complex of the electric power industry, these factors should be divided into the mega-, macro-, meso- and microenvironment, the characteristics of which are presented in the study. The paper presents a scheme that includes the main factors affecting the sustainable development of the generating complex of the electric power industry. The study defines the conditions for regulation and management of factors that ensure the stability of the generating complex. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
Assessment of innovative projects in the rocket and space engineering
Authors: Anikina Yu A , Ragozina M A , Malanina Yu N , Kurako D V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the methodological assessment of innovative projects of the rocket and space engineering enterprises. Here are analyzed all the main features of the project such as the multi-stage, the investment and the innovation efficiency, specific risks, the economic development of the enterprise based on project efficiency, the social efficiency, the environmental efficiency and the application of non-standard forms of financing, such as government or venture capital, business angels, etc.
Approach to mathematical simulation of data networking with packet routing
Authors: Kravets O Ja , Burkovsky A V , Yaskevich O G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article discusses an approach to monitoring optimization in telecommunication networks with packet routing. Mathematical model of data networking with accounting for monitoring traffic structure is described, optimization task is determined. Main attention is paid to model development on the basis of queueing theory in order to generation of reserve capacity in system. The main concept is that comparatively simple structure of monitoring network is imposed on physical structure of telecommunication network. The modeling is aimed at selection of optimum parameters of monitoring system, solution techniques for similar task are proposed. The obtained optimization task is sufficiently complicated, subsequent attempts should be aimed at searching for conditions which would enable introduction of some constraints in order to simplify its solution without noticeable loss of the model adequacy. This is especially important for asynchronous task of monitoring, it should be based on selection of the most acceptable type of objective function (linear or quadratic).