bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the web to increase access to oral health care for patients with special health care needs in South Carolina: A replicable model
Authors: Ziegler Michelle E. , Pilcher Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo create an accessible web‐based resource of providers willing to provide dental services for patients with special health care needs (SCHNs).MethodsWith a grant from The Duke Endowment, surveys were sent to dentists in South CarolinaResultsData showed that the majority of providers expressed willingness to treat patients with one or more mild SHCN, but fewer expressed willingness to treat those with one or more moderate or severe SHCN. Additionally, the data showed that among general practitioners specifically, only one‐third were willing to treat mild and moderate/severe manifestations of all categories listed. The number of practitioners willing to treat moderate to severe manifestations of SHCN and accept Medicaid and willing to take new Medicaid patients dropped even further.These results demonstrated a need to increase the number of providers in South Carolina who are willing to treat patients with SHCN, and a need to provide an accessible resource for patients with SHCN to be able to find these providers. Data collected populated the web‐based resource for the Special Adult Network of Dentists url:www.sandsc.org1ConclusionThis resource may be used by patients, caregivers, and health care providers and could be replicated in other states or designed as a national resource.
Don’t touch: Developmental trajectories of toddlers’ behavioral regulation related to older siblings’ behaviors and parental discipline
Authors: van Berkel Sheila R. , Song Ju‐Hyun , Gonzalez Richard , Olson Sheryl L. , Volling Brenda L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBehavioral regulation is one of the key developmental skills children acquire during early childhood. Previous research has focused primarily on the role of parents as socializing agents in this process, yet it is likely that older siblings also are influential given the numerous daily interactions between siblings. This exploratory longitudinal study investigated developmental heterogeneity in behavioral regulation during toddlerhood and the early preschool years (18 to 36 months) and relations with older siblings’ control and behavioral regulation while taking into account parental discipline. Toddlers were visited at home at 18, 24, and 36 months and observed during a gift‐delay task with their older sibling in 93 families. Behavioral regulation of both siblings and gentle and harsh control of the older sibling were coded during the sibling gift‐delay task, which was validated using parent‐reports of toddlers’ internalized conduct. Analyses revealed five distinct developmental trajectories among toddlers’ behavioral regulation, revealing different patterns of developmental multifinality and equifinality. Older siblings’ harsh control and parental discipline differed across toddler trajectory groups. Older siblings’ behaviors covaried with the toddlers’ behavioral regulation suggesting that older siblings may be acting as models for younger siblings, as well as disciplining and teaching toddlers to resist temptation.
A blinded clinical study using a subepidermal moisture biocapacitance measurement device for early detection of pressure injuries
Authors: Okonkwo Henry , Bryant Ruth , Milne Jeanette , Molyneaux Donna , Sanders Julie , Cunningham Glen , Brangman Sharon , Eardley William , Chan Garrett K. , Mayer Barbara , Waldo Mary , Ju Barbara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of subepidermal moisture (SEM), a biomarker employed for early detection of pressure injuries (PI), compared to the “Gold Standard” of clinical skin and tissue assessment (STA), and to characterize the timing of SEM changes relative to the diagnosis of a PI. This blinded, longitudinal, prospective clinical study enrolled 189 patients (n = 182 in intent‐to‐treat [ITT]) at acute and post‐acute sites (9 USA, 3 UK). Data were collected from patients' heels and sacrums using a biocapacitance measurement device beginning at admission and continuing for a minimum of 6 days to: (a) the patient developing a PI, (b) discharge from care, or (c) a maximum of 21 days. Standard of care clinical interventions prevailed, uninterrupted. Principal investigators oversaw the study at each site. Blinded Generalists gathered SEM data, and blinded Specialists diagnosed the presence or absence of PIs. Of the ITT population, 26.4% developed a PI during the study; 66.7% classified as Stage 1 injuries, 23% deep tissue injuries, the remaining being Stage 2 or Unstageable. Sensitivity was 87.5% (95% CI: 74.8%‐95.3%) and specificity was 32.9% (95% CI: 28.3%‐37.8%). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.6713 (95% CI 0.5969‐0.7457, P < .001). SEM changes were observed 4.7 (± 2.4 days) earlier than diagnosis of a PI via STA alone. Latency between the SEM biomarker and later onset of a PI, in combination with standard of care interventions administered to at‐risk patients, may have confounded specificity. Aggregate SEM sensitivity and specificity and 67.13% AUC exceeded that of clinical judgment alone. While acknowledging specificity limitations, these data suggest that SEM biocapacitance measures can complement STAs, facilitate earlier identification of the risk of specific anatomies developing PIs, and inform earlier anatomy‐specific intervention decisions than STAs alone. Future work should include cost‐consequence analyses of SEM informed interventions.
Benchmark Analyses on the Elastic–Plastic Behavior of Carbon Steel Pipes Under Seismic Load
Authors: Nakamura Izumi , Watakabe Tomoyoshi , Otani Akihito , Shibutani Tadahiro , Morishita Masaki , Shiratori Masaki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A series of inelastic benchmark and parametric analyses was conducted on the tests of a pipe elbow and a piping system model made from carbon steel to investigate variabilities of elastic–plastic analysis results and clarify the factors affecting the analytical results. The analysis on the pipe elbow was the inelastic static analysis and the analysis on the piping system model included the inelastic dynamic analysis under the random input motion. From the benchmark analysis results, we found that setting the yield stress in the material property approximation had a significant influence on the inelastic analytical results, while the work hardening modulus in the bilinear approximation of the stress–strain curve had little influence. The parametric analysis was performed with the viewpoint to examine the influence of the yield stress and the work hardening modulus when the material property was approximated as the bilinear relation. The results also showed that the setting of the yield stress had larger impact on the analytical results than the setting of the work hardening modules. The parametric analysis results confirmed that the variation in the analytical results among different analysts would be reduced by using the same material property approximation.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Use of Guide Vanes in the Dilution Zone
Authors: Selim Osama M. , Elgammal Tarek , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The importance of gas turbine blades is to convert the thermal energy into shaft work output, which makes the turbine blades as one of the critical components of the gas turbines. Besides the mechanical stresses caused by the centrifugal force and the fluid forces, the thermal stresses arise because of the temperature gradient within the blade materials. This paper aims to have a uniform circumferential temperature field at the combustor exit, consequently reducing the thermal stresses caused by the non-uniform temperature distribution along the turbine blade. The validation of the simulation results with the experiments showed an acceptable agreement with the available experimental data. The agreement includes the uniformity factor and the normalized mixture fraction at two different flowrates. Furthermore, another location of the guide vanes, external guide vanes, was experimentally and numerically tested. The results show that the external guide vanes with a 30 deg orientation gave the most uniform temperature flow for the two different flowrates. Compared with the internal guide vanes with the same orientation, the external guide vanes gave a 7.5% higher uniformity factor and a 2% lower pressure drop. The main reason for this result is that the external guide vanes direct the cold stream to penetrate the dilution zone with an angle enhance the swirling effect which are the main factors for excellent mixing, while the pressure drop is lower as the external guide vanes are facing the lower flowrate which is the secondary stream. Another advantage of the external guide vanes over the internal ones is that they are subjected to less thermal stresses as they are facing the cold flow. Furthermore, the external guide vanes are reachable and easy to maintain compared with the internal guide vanes.
Investigation of Liquid Breakup Process Solid Rocket Motor Part A: Horizontal Converging–Diverging Nozzle
Authors: Chen Wei-Lin , Abbas Ahmad I. , Ott Ryan N. , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a solid rocket motor (SRM), both experiment and simulation of alumina molten flow patterns using the cold flow case. The combustion of aluminum composite propellants in SRM chambers causes high-temperature and pressure conditions resulting in the liquid alumina (Al2O3) as a combustion product, and it tends to agglomerate into molten droplets, which impinge on the propulsion chamber walls and then flow along the nozzle wall. This liquid alumina in the flow creates problems such as chemical erosion of the propellant and mechanical erosion of the nozzle. Thus, particle size and droplet distribution are considered to affect the erosive behavior. Furthermore, for the rocket motor, converging–diverging (C–D) of the nozzle is used because of its high performance in terms of the rate of change of momentum. In this study, to investigate the relationship between air velocity and molten particle size, the study was mainly focused on the horizontal arrangement of the combustion chamber with the cold flow with the liquid.
An “Organizational Triangle” to Coordinate Talent Development: A Case Study in Danish Swimming
Authors: Mathorne Ole Winthereik , Henriksen Kristoffer , Stambulova Natalia 
Published: January 2020

This case study in Danish swimming was informed by a holistic ecological approach in talent development and aimed to explore (a) collaborative relationships between the Danish swimming federation, a municipality, and a local swimming club, termed “an organizational triangle,” and (b) factors influencing the success of their collaboration at the local level. Data collection and analysis were guided by the athletic-talent-development-environment (working) model and a newly developed collaboration-success-factors (CSF) model. Methods included interviews with talent-development coordinators representing the organizations and analysis of documents. Results allowed the authors to transform the CSF (working) model into an empirical model containing the collaboration preconditions (e.g., power to make decisions), processes (e.g., strategic planning), and initiatives (e.g., efficient use of the swimming pool) and shared assumptions of the talent-development philosophy (e.g., long-term focus). The success of this organizational triangle was visible in the way the organizations increased the quality of talent development in the local swimming club.
The Acute Effect of Mental Fatigue on Badminton Performance in Elite Players
Authors: Kosack Mathias H. , Staiano Walter , Folino Rasmus , Hansen Mads B. , Lønbro Simon 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Several studies have examined the effect of MF on sport performance, but no studies have been conducted on badminton performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effect of mental fatigue (MF) on badminton performance in elite players. Methods: In total, 19 elite Danish badminton players completed 2 test days in randomized order, separated by 48 h. On day 1, to elicit MF, a 60-min incongruent Stroop task was performed. On day 2, 60 min of an emotionally neutral documentary was used for the control condition. After either condition, subjects performed a badminton-specific test (BST) where performance time was measured, as well as countermovement-jump height, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and lactate. Psychological questionnaires were answered under both conditions. Results: Subjects were significantly more mentally fatigued (P = .002) after the Stroop intervention than in the control. No differences between conditions were detected in the BST (control 32.43 [1.96] vs MF 32.43 [2.36] s; P = .99, Student t test). In addition, no effect of condition (P = .64), time (P = .14), or condition × time (P = .87) was found (2-way analysis of variance). Furthermore, no differences in heart rate, countermovement jump, or rating of perceived exertion were observed between conditions. Lactate showed no effect of condition (P = .46). Conclusion: Despite being more mentally fatigued after the Stroop test than in the control condition, performance was not negatively affected during a BST. In addition, no differences in physiological measures were observed.
Complex crater fields formed by steam-driven eruptions: Lake Okaro, New Zealand
Authors: Montanaro Cristian , Cronin Shane , Scheu Bettina , Kennedy Ben , Scott Bradley 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Steam-driven eruptions are caused by explosive vaporization of water within the pores and cracks of a host rock, mainly within geothermal or volcanic terrains. Ground or surface water can be heated and pressurized rapidly from below (phreatic explosions), or already hot and pressurized fluids in hydrothermal systems may decompress when host rocks or seals fail (hydrothermal eruptions). Deposit characteristics and crater morphology can be used in combination with knowledge of host-rock lithology to reconstruct the locus, dynamics, and possible triggers of these events. We investigated a complex field of &gt;30 craters formed over three separate episodes of steam-driven eruptions at Lake Okaro within the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand. Fresh unaltered rock excavated from initially &gt;70 m depths in the base of phase I breccia deposits showed that eruptions were deep, “bottom-up” explosions formed in the absence of a preexisting hydrothermal system. These phreatic explosions were likely triggered by sudden rise of magmatic fluids/gas to heat groundwater within an ignimbrite 70 m below the surface. Excavation of a linear set of craters and associated fracture development, along with continued heat input, caused posteruptive establishment of a large hydrothermal system within shallow, weakly compacted, and unconsolidated deposits, including the phase I breccia. After enough time for extensive hydrothermal alteration, erosion, and external sediment influx into the area, phase II occurred, possibly triggered by an earthquake or hydrological disruption to a geothermal system. Phase II produced a second network of craters into weakly compacted, altered, and pumice-rich tuff, as well as within deposits from phase I. Phase II breccias display vertical variation in lithology that reflects top-down excavation from shallow levels (10–20 m) to &gt;70 m. After another hiatus, lake levels rose. Phase III hydrothermal explosions were later triggered by a sudden lake-level drop, excavating into deposits from previous eruptions. This case shows that once a hydrothermal system is established, repeated highly hazardous hydrothermal eruptions may follow that are as large as initial phreatic events.
Habitual physical activity, renal function and chronic kidney disease: a cohort study of nearly 200 000 adults
Authors: Guo Cui , Tam Tony , Bo Yacong , Chang Ly-yun , Lao Xiang Qian , Thomas G Neil 
Published: January 2020

Background
There is limited information on the association between habitual physical activity (PA) and renal function.

Objective
To report the longitudinal association between self-reported habitual PA and measures of renal function in a large cohort in Taiwan.

Methods
A total of 199 421 participants (aged ≥20 years) were selected from a Taiwan cohort between 1996 and 2014. All participants underwent at least two standardised medical examinations between 1996 and 2014. Self-administrated questionnaires were used to collect information on habitual PA. We used a generalised linear mixed model to investigate the associations between habitual PA and yearly change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to investigate the associations between habitual PA and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Results

Participants had a median follow-up duration of 4.2 years (0.2–18.9). The yearly mean (±SD) decrease in eGFR in participants with baseline very low-PA, low-PA, moderate-PA and high-PA was 0.46±1.01, 0.36±0.97, 0.30±0.94 and 0.27±0.91 mL/min/1.73 m
2
, respectively. Relative to the participants with very low-PA, the coefficients of yearly eGFR change were −43.93 (95% CI −79.18 to −8.68), 35.20 (95% CI −2.56 to 72.96) and 53.56 (95% CI 10.42 to 96.70) µL
/
min/1.73 m
2
, respectively, for the participants with low-PA, moderate-PA and high-PA, after controlling for a wide range of covariates. Relative to the very low-PA participants, those who had low-PA, moderate-PA and high-habitual PA had HRs of 0.93 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.98), 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.99) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.96) to develop CKD, respectively, after controlling for the covariates.

Conclusions
A higher level of habitual PA is associated with a smaller decrease in the level of eGFR and a lower risk of developing CKD.
Multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) for PD-L1 testing in triple-negative breast cancer: a translational assay compared with conventional IHC
Authors: Yeong Joe , Tan Tira , Chow Zi Long , Cheng Qing , Lee Bernett , Seet Amanda , Lim Johnathan Xiande , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Ong Clara Chong Hui , Thike Aye Aye , Saraf Sahil , Tan Benjamin, Yong Cheng , Poh Yong Cheng , Yee Sidney , Liu Jin , Lim Elaine , Iqbal Jabed , Dent Rebecca , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody therapy has recently gained approval for treating metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) -, in particular in the PD-L1+patient subgroup of the recent IMpassion130 trial. The SP142 PD-L1 antibody clone was used as a predictive assay in this trial, but this clone was found to be an outlier in previous harmonisation studies in lung cancer.AimsTo address the comparability of PD-L1 clones in TNBC, we evaluated the concordance between conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) that allowed simultaneous quantification of three different PD-L1 antibodies (22C3, SP142 and SP263).MethodsOur cohort comprised 25 TNBC cases, 12 non-small-cell lung carcinomas and 8 other cancers. EpCAM labelling was used to distinguish tumour cells from immune cells.ResultsModerate-to-strong correlations in PD-L1 positivity were found between results obtained through mIHC/IF and IHC. Individual concordance rates in the study ranged from 67% to 100%, with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient values up to 0.88.ConclusionsmIHC/IF represents a promising tool in the era of cancer immunotherapy, as it can simultaneously detect and quantify PD-L1 labelling with multiple antibody clones, and allow accurate evaluation of tumour and immune cells. Clinicians and pathologists require this information to predict patient response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The adoption of this assay may represent a significant advance in the management of therapeutically challenging cancers. Further analysis and assay harmonisation are essential for translation to a routine diagnostic setting.
2 A rare cause of stroke in young: moyamoya disease
Authors: Ali Asem , Abbas Munzar , Saeed Umer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
Moyamoya disease is a rare chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease characterised by bilateral stenosis or occlusion of arteries around circle of Willis with prominent collateral circulation. The term moyamoya (Japanese for ‘puff of smoke’) refers to the appearance on angiography of abnormal vascular collateral networks that develop adjacent to the stenotic vessels. Moyamoya disease was first described in Japan by Takeuchi and Shimizu in 1957.1 The prevalence and incidence of the disorder there has been reported to be 3.16 cases and 0.35 cases per 100 000 people, respectively. The incidence of moyamoya disease is highest in Japan.2 Moyamoya syndrome has now been observed throughout the world with increasing detection of this disease in American and European populations.3 4

Methods
32 years old gentleman with background of Rheumatoid arthritis (In remission) and asthma presented to hospital with confusion and word finding difficulty.

Results
Systemic examination was unremarkable except patient mentioned that he had difficulty in texting on his mobile phone. Blood tests showed raised inflammatory markers. Patient was treated on lines of meningoencephalitis. CT brain showed hypodensity in left temporal, parietal and occipital lobe. MRI brain with contrast showed confirmed these changes to be acute infarcts along with post contrast meningeal enhancement. CSF results came back normal including viral PCR.Patient referred to neurology who advised to continue treating as viral encephalitis. Vasculitic screen weakly positive P-ANCA. Stroke team was involved who organised MRA which showed generalised narrowing of left carotid siphon and left middle cerebral artery and its branches. It also showed loss of definition of M1 segment of right MCA and its branches. Changes initially though to be secondary to vasculitis and patient started on steroids. Patient seen by rheumatology team and possibility of vasculitis was ruled out. Neuroimaging was discussed in neuroradiology MDT after doing DSA and outcome was that changes on brain imaging were suggestive of moyamoya disease with extensive disease bilaterally with more on left side. Patient was seen in neurosurgery clinic and offered revascularisation surgery which patient refused. Patient is under surveillance by neurosurgical team.

Conclusion
Moyamoya is a rare cause of stroke which is diagnosed on basis of clinical and radiographic findings and patients can be offered revascularisation surgery which is the only recommended treatment.