bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and High‐Luminance Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Synthesized from a Dual‐Purpose Organic Lead Source
Authors: Zhao Haifeng , Hu Zhangjun , Wei Linfeng , Zeng Peng , Kuang Chaoyang , Liu Xiaochun , Bai Sai , Gao Feng , Liu Mingzhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRational engineering of the surface properties of perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) is critical to obtain light emitters with simultaneous high photoluminescence efficiency and excellent charge transport properties for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the commonly used lead halide sources make it hard to rationally optimize the surface compositions of the PeNCs. In addition, previously developed ligand engineering strategies for conventional inorganic nanocrystals easily deteriorate surface properties of the PeNCs, bringing additional difficulties in optimizing their optoelectronic properties. In this work, a novel strategy of employing a dual‐purpose organic lead source for the synthesis of highly luminescent PeNCs with enhanced charge transport property is developed. Lead naphthenate (Pb(NA)2), of which the metal ions work as lead sources while the naphthenate can function as the surface ligands afterward, is explored and the obtained products under different synthesis conditions are comprehensively investigated. Monodispersed cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) with controllable size and excellent optical properties, showing superior photoluminescence quantum yields up to 80%, is obtained. Based on the simultaneously enhanced electrical properties of the Pb(NA)2‐derived PeNCs, the resultant LEDs demonstrate a high peak external quantum efficiency of 8.44% and a superior maximum luminance of 31 759 cd cm−2.
Au Nanoparticles Decorated Mesoporous SiO2–WO3 Hybrid Materials with Improved Pore Connectivity for Ultratrace Ethanol Detection at Low Operating Temperature
Authors: Ma Junhao , Li Yanyan , Zhou Xinran , Yang Xuanyu , Alharthi Fahad A. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz A. , Cheng Xiaowei , Deng Yonghui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSemiconducting metal oxides‐based gas sensors with the capability to detect trace gases at low operating temperatures are highly desired in applications such as wearable devices, trace pollutant detection, and exhaled breath analysis, but it still remains a great challenge to realize this goal. Herein, a multi‐component co‐assembly method in combination with pore engineering strategy is proposed. By using bi‐functional (3‐mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) that can co‐hydrolyze with transition metal salt and meanwhile coordinate with gold precursor during their co‐assembly with PEO‐b‐PS copolymers, ordered mesoporous SiO2–WO3 composites with highly dispersed Au nanoparticles of 5 nm (mesoporous SiO2–WO3/Au) are straightforward synthesized. This multi‐component co‐assembly process avoids the aggregation of Au nanoparticles and pore blocking in conventional post‐loading method. Furthermore, through controlled etching treatment, a small portion of silica can be removed from the pore wall, resulting in mesoporous SiO2–WO3/Au with increased specific surface area (129 m2 g−1), significantly improved pore connectivity, and enlarged pore window (>4.3 nm). Thanks to the presence of well‐confined Au nanoparticles and ε‐WO3, the mesoporous SiO2–WO3/Au based gas sensors exhibit excellent sensing performance toward ethanol with high sensitivity (Ra/Rg = 2–14 to 50–250 ppb) at low operating temperature (150 °C).
Enhanced Proton Conductivity across Protein Biopolymers Mediated by Doped Carbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Mondal Somen , Agam Yuval , Amdursky Nadav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon nanoparticles, known as carbon‐dots (C‐Dots), are famous for their optoelectronic properties. Here it is shown that C‐Dots can also mediate protons, where protein biopolymers are used as the protonic transport matrix. Energy transfer measurements indicate that different doped C‐Dots bind to the protein biopolymer in different efficiencies. Electrical impedance measurements reveal enhanced conductance across the protein biopolymer upon C‐Dots integration, dependent on the doping type. The enhanced conductivity is attributed to protonic conduction due to the large observed kinetic isotope effect, resulting in one of the highest measured proton conductivity across protein biopolymers. Transistor measurements show that the various doped C‐Dots‐protein biopolymer exhibit different increase in charge carrier density and in carrier mobility, suggesting different modes of proton transport. The ability of C‐Dots to support protonic conduction opens a field of carbon‐based protonic nanoparticles and due to the formation simplicity of C‐Dots they can be integrated in a variety of protonic devices.
A variable gain state‐feedback technique for an AMD control system with stroke limit and its application to a high‐rise building
Authors: Chen Chao‐Jun , Li Zuo‐Hua , Teng Jun , Wu Qing‐Gui , Lin Bei‐Chun 
Published: October 2020

SummaryAs the auxiliary mass of an active mass damper/driver (AMD) control system in a high‐rise building has excessive strokes and its relative velocities are in the same direction with the strokes, the auxiliary mass probably collides with its anti‐collision device. As a result, the structural responses increase and even the structural safety is endangered. In this paper, a variable gain state‐feedback control system is proposed to limit the strokes and relative velocities of the auxiliary mass, so as to ensure the safety of the system. Firstly, the limited state of the auxiliary mass is defined, and a regional pole assignment algorithm that utilizes only a damping factor is realized as a control gain. Then the relationship between the control gain corresponding to the stroke and its threshold limit value is deduced. A suitable threshold limit value is chosen to reduce the strokes and the relative velocities. Finally, the performance characteristics of the control systems with or without stroke limit are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the controller limits the strokes effectively on the premise of guaranteeing the control effects and the AMD parameters. To verify its effectiveness, the proposed methodology is also applied to an experiment of a four‐storey frame.
Amphora algae with low‐level ionizing radiation exposure ameliorate D‐galactosamine‐induced inflammatory impairment in rat kidney
Authors: El‐sonbaty Sawsan M. , Moawed Fatma S. M. , Elbakry Mustafa M. M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstractd‐Galactosamine (d‐GalN) is a well‐known toxin that causes many metabolic and morphological abnormalities resulting in advanced renal failure and liver damage. Occupational exposure to low‐level ionizing radiation (<1 Gy) was shown to enhance cell protection via attenuating an established inflammatory process. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the protective impact of Amphora coffaeiformis extract and low dose gamma radiation against d‐GalN induced renal damage in rats. Forty‐eight adult male Swiss albino rats were distributed equally into eight groups. The measurements included antioxidants activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) as well as lipid peroxidation level in kidney tissue. Also, kidney function tests and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) were measured. Additionally, relative quantification of kidney nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) gene was estimated. Histopathological examination was also performed in kidney tissue. The results revealed decreases in antioxidant activities and downregulation of Nrf‐2 expression accompanied by increases in lipid peroxidation level, kidney function tests and inflammatory markers in d‐GaIN group. The treatment with Amphora algal extract and low dose gamma radiation ameliorated the previous measurements which were harmony with histopathological findings. In conclusion, A coffaeiformis extract and low dose gamma radiation provided marked functional and histological effects in the treating acute renal damage induced by d‐GalN in rats.
Modeling of electrodynamic processes by means of mechanical analogies
Authors: Ivanova Elena A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study continues the line of earlier research in mechanical models of electrodynamic processes suggested in previous works. The basic steps we take to construct these models are: to formulate equations of a special type Cosserat continuum, and then to suggest analogies between quantities characterizing the stress–strain state of the continuum and quantities characterizing electrodynamic processes. In addition to the previously introduced mechanical analogies of the electric field vector and the magnetic induction vector, in this paper we provide mechanical analogies of the magnetic field vector, the electric induction vector, the electric current density and the electric charge density. In the framework of the suggested model, we obtain a set of differential equations that coincide with the first Maxwell's equation (the one with the displacement current term), the Gauss law for electric field and the charge conservation law. As a debatable question, we discuss the possibility of modifying the Maxwell–Faraday equation and the Gauss law for magnetic field.
Does It Help to Call a Spade a Spade? Examining the Legal Bases and Effects of Rule of Law-Related Infringement Procedures Against Hungary
Authors: Anders Lisa H. , Priebus Sonja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhether infringement procedures are suitable to enforce the EU’s foundational values is contested. According to critics, they lead to a miscategorisation of the problems because rule of law concerns are reframed as concrete EU law violations. Others see infringement procedures as a powerful alternative to the Article 7 procedure, stressing their potential to depoliticise rule of law-related conflicts. As we still lack systematic studies on the deployment and effects of infringement procedures in rule of law related cases, this chapter analyses all seven procedures with rule of law relevance launched against Hungary since 2010. It analyses whether the Commission indeed miscategorised the cases and how the Hungarian government reacted legally and rhetorically. The findings cast doubt on the premises that the procedures depoliticise the conflicts and that the correct categorisation of rule of law problems could induce compliance with the EU’s foundational values.
Condition Numbers for Real Eigenvalues in the Real Elliptic Gaussian Ensemble
Authors: Fyodorov Yan V. , Tarnowski Wojciech 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the distribution of the eigenvalue condition numbers $$\kappa _i=\sqrt{ ({\mathbf{l}}_i^* {\mathbf{l}}_i)({\mathbf{r}}_i^* {\mathbf{r}}_i)}$$

κ
i

=

(

l
i
∗

l
i

)

(

r
i
∗

r
i

)

associated with real eigenvalues $$\lambda _i$$

λ
i

of partially asymmetric $$N\times N$$

N
×
N

random matrices from the real Elliptic Gaussian ensemble. The large values of $$\kappa _i$$

κ
i

signal the non-orthogonality of the (bi-orthogonal) set of left $${\mathbf{l}}_i$$

l
i

and right $${\mathbf{r}}_i$$

r
i

eigenvectors and enhanced sensitivity of the associated eigenvalues against perturbations of the matrix entries. We derive the general finite N expression for the joint density function (JDF) $${{\mathcal {P}}}_N(z,t)$$

P
N

(
z
,
t
)

of $$t=\kappa _i^2-1$$

t
=

κ
i
2

-
1

and $$\lambda _i$$

λ
i

taking value z, and investigate its several scaling regimes in the limit $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

. When the degree of asymmetry is fixed as $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

, the number of real eigenvalues is $$\mathcal {O}(\sqrt{N})$$

O
(

N

)

, and in the bulk of the real spectrum $$t_i=\mathcal {O}(N)$$

t
i

=
O

(
N
)

, while on approaching the spectral edges the non-orthogonality is weaker: $$t_i=\mathcal {O}(\sqrt{N})$$

t
i

=
O

(

N

)

. In both cases the corresponding JDFs, after appropriate rescaling, coincide with those found in the earlier studied case of fully asymmetric (Ginibre) matrices. A different regime of weak asymmetry arises when a finite fraction of N eigenvalues remain real as $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

. In such a regime eigenvectors are weakly non-orthogonal, $$t=\mathcal {O}(1)$$

t
=
O
(
1
)

, and we derive the associated JDF, finding that the characteristic tail $${{\mathcal {P}}}(z,t)\sim t^{-2}$$

P

(
z
,
t
)

∼

t

-
2

survives for arbitrary weak asymmetry. As such, it is the most robust feature of the condition number density for real eigenvalues of asymmetric matrices.
E-Scooter-Unfälle und deren Folgen
Authors: Mair Olivia , Wurm Markus , Müller Michael , Greve Frederik , Pesch Sebastian , Pförringer Dominik , Biberthaler Peter , Kirchhoff Chlodwig , Zyskowski Michael 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit ihrer Zulassung in Deutschland im Juli 2019 erfreuen sich E‑Scooter zunehmender Popularität. Diese steigende Beliebtheit und die einfache Zugänglichkeit der E‑Scooter für jedermann haben jedoch auch zu teils schweren Unfällen geführt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Art und Schwere der Verletzungen, die in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung von E‑Scootern in einer deutschen Millionenstadt stehen, zu analysieren und hieraus Schlüsse für zukünftige Sicherheitskonzepte und Verhaltensregeln zu ziehen.

Methodik
Alle Patienten, die sich aufgrund eines Unfalls mit einem E‑Scooter in der interdisziplinären Notaufnahme des Klinikums rechts der Isar, Universitätsklinikum der Technischen Universität München, zwischen dem 01.07.2019 und dem 01.04.2020 vorstellten, wurden erfasst und sowohl demografische Daten als auch Informationen zu Traumamechanismus und den entstandenen Verletzungen dokumentiert.

Ergebnisse
Im oben genannten Zeitraum wurden prospektiv 60 Patienten erfasst, wovon 34 (56,7 %) Männer waren. Durchschnittlich waren die Patienten 34,7 Jahre (18 bis 73 Jahre) alt. Unter Alkoholeinfluss fuhren 22 Patienten (36,7 %); ein Helm wurde lediglich von einer Person getragen. Verletzungen des Kopfes waren mit Abstand am häufigsten, gefolgt von Verletzungen der oberen und der unteren Extremität (Radiusköpfchenfraktur n = 5, Riss-Quetsch-Wunden an Fuß/Sprunggelenk n = 8). 2 Patienten (3,3 %) waren schwer verletzt (ISS ≥16)

Diskussion
Mit zunehmender Beliebtheit der E‑Scooter steigt auch die Anzahl an Verletzungen. Am häufigsten ist die Kopfregion betroffen, weshalb zukünftig eine Helmpflicht sinnvoll erscheint. Zudem sollten eine breitere Informationskampagne und strengere polizeiliche Kontrollen im Hinblick auf die Vielzahl an alkoholisierten Unfallopfern erfolgen.
Neurotoxic effects in zebrafish embryos by valproic acid and nine of its analogues: the fish-mouse connection?
Authors: Brotzmann Katharina , Wolterbeek André , Kroese Dinant , Braunbeck Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince teratogenicity testing in mammals is a particular challenge from an animal welfare perspective, there is a great need for the development of alternative test systems. In this context, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo has received increasing attention as a non-protected embryonic vertebrate in vivo model. The predictive power of zebrafish embryos for general vertebrate teratogenicity strongly depends on the correlation between fish and mammals with respect to both overall general toxicity and more specific endpoints indicative of certain modes-of-action. The present study was designed to analyze the correlation between (1) effects of valproic acid and nine of its analogues in zebrafish embryos and (2) their known neurodevelopmental effects in mice. To this end, zebrafish embryos exposed for 120 h in an extended version of the acute fish embryo toxicity test (FET; OECD TG 236) were analyzed with respect to an extended list of sublethal endpoints. Particular care was given to endpoints putatively related to neurodevelopmental toxicity, namely jitter/tremor, deformation of sensory organs (eyes) and craniofacial deformation, which might correlate to neural tube defects caused by valproic acid in mammals. A standard evaluation of lethal (LC according to OECD TG 236) and sublethal toxicity (EC) merely indicated that four out of ten compounds tested in zebrafish correlate with positive results in mouse in vivo studies. A detailed assessment of more specific effects, however, namely, jitter/tremor, small eyes and craniofacial deformation, resulted in a correspondence of 75% with in vivo mouse data. A refinement of endpoint analysis from an integration of all observations into one LCx or ECx data (as foreseen by current ecotoxicology-driven OECD guidelines) to a differential evaluation of endpoints specific of selected modes-of-action thus increases significantly the predictive power of the zebrafish embryo model for mammalian teratogenicity. However, for some of the endpoints observed, e.g., scoliosis, lordosis, pectoral fin deformation and lack of movement, further experiments are required for the identification of underlying modes-of-action and an unambiguous interpretation of their predictive power for mammalian toxicity.
Comparing in vitro human liver models to in vivo human liver using RNA-Seq
Authors: Gupta Rajinder , Schrooders Yannick , Hauser Duncan , van Herwijnen Marcel , Albrecht Wiebke , ter Braak Bas , Brecklinghaus Tim , Castell Jose V. , Elenschneider Leroy , Escher Sylvia , Guye Patrick , Hengstler Jan G. , Ghallab Ahmed , Hansen Tanja , Leist Marcel , Maclennan Richard , Moritz Wolfgang , Tolosa Laia , Tricot Tine , Verfaillie Catherine , Walker Paul , van de Water Bob , Kleinjans Jos , Caiment Florian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe liver plays an important role in xenobiotic metabolism and represents a primary target for toxic substances. Many different in vitro cell models have been developed in the past decades. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to analyze the following human in vitro liver cell models in comparison to human liver tissue: cancer-derived cell lines (HepG2, HepaRG 3D), induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (iPSC-HLCs), cancerous human liver-derived assays (hPCLiS, human precision cut liver slices), non-cancerous human liver-derived assays (PHH, primary human hepatocytes) and 3D liver microtissues. First, using CellNet, we analyzed whether these liver in vitro cell models were indeed classified as liver, based on their baseline expression profile and gene regulatory networks (GRN). More comprehensive analyses using non-differentially expressed genes (non-DEGs) and differential transcript usage (DTU) were applied to assess the coverage for important liver pathways. Through different analyses, we noticed that 3D liver microtissues exhibited a high similarity with in vivo liver, in terms of CellNet (C/T score: 0.98), non-DEGs (10,363) and pathway coverage (highest for 19 out of 20 liver specific pathways shown) at the beginning of the incubation period (0 h) followed by a decrease during long-term incubation for 168 and 336 h. PHH also showed a high degree of similarity with human liver tissue and allowed stable conditions for a short-term cultivation period of 24 h. Using the same metrics, HepG2 cells illustrated the lowest similarity (C/T: 0.51, non-DEGs: 5623, and pathways coverage: least for 7 out of 20) with human liver tissue. The HepG2 are widely used in hepatotoxicity studies, however, due to their lower similarity, they should be used with caution. HepaRG models, iPSC-HLCs, and hPCLiS ranged clearly behind microtissues and PHH but showed higher similarity to human liver tissue than HepG2 cells. In conclusion, this study offers a resource of RNA-Seq data of several biological replicates of human liver cell models in vitro compared to human liver tissue.
Newly diagnosed isolated myeloid sarcoma–paired NGS panel analysis of extramedullary tumor and bone marrow
Authors: Engel Nils W. , Reinert Jochim , Borchert Nora M. , Panagiota Victoria , Gabdoulline Razif , Thol Felicitas , Heuser Michael , Fiedler Walter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIsolated myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare malignancy in which myeloid blast forms tumors at various locations while the bone marrow (BM) remains cytomorphologically free from disease. We analyzed isolated MS from four patients and their BMs at initial diagnosis and follow-up, using a custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. We observed possible clonal evolution and a clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)-like finding in the BM of one of three cases with detectable mutations. Clinical presentation of one patient suggested extramedullary confined homing of blasts to distal sites in the relapse situation still sparing the BM. In summary, our findings shall motivate future work regarding signals of extramedullary blast trafficking and clonal evolution in MS.
Maximum isometric tongue force in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Birk Richard , Stuck Boris A. , Maurer Joachim T. , Schell Angela , Müller C. Emika , Kramer Benedikt , Hoch Stephan , Sommer J. Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder with a prevalence of 9–38%. The underlying pathology in OSA is a collapse of the upper airway. Especially in more severely affected patients, this collapse is often located at the level of the tongue base. Therefore, various implantable systems (anchors and ligament techniques) were developed to prevent or overcome this collapse. These systems are exposed to various forces. Different models have been developed to measure these forces and data comparing forces in healthy individuals with OSA patients are rare.

Purpose
Purpose of the study was to evaluate possible differences in tongue forces between healthy individuals and patients with OSA.

Method
To evaluate maximum isometric tongue forces, we conducted a matched pair design study including 20 healthy individuals and 20 patients suffering from OSA. Maximum isometric tongue forces were measured in an anterior/posterior direction with the help of self-designed new device that clamps the tongue.

Results
We could show that the maximum isometric force does not differ significantly in healthy individuals (10.7 ± 5.2N) from patients with OSA (14.4 ± 6.3N).

Conclusion
Currently there are no indications that maximum isometric tongue force does differ in healthy individuals and patients with OSA. Higher, as well as lower, tongue forces in patients with OSA seem not to differ from healthy subjects and therefore may not be needed to consider, in the development of tongue management devices, for OSA patients.