bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron‐Catalyzed Chemoselective C−N Coupling Reaction: A Protecting‐Group‐Free Amination of Aryl Halides Bearing Amino or Hydroxy Groups
Authors: Aoki Yuma , Toyoda Takahiro , Kawasaki Hiroto , Takaya Hikaru , Sharma Akhilesh K. , Morokuma Keiji , Nakamura Masaharu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA chemoselective C−N coupling (Buchwald‐Hartwig‐type) reaction of diarylamines with aryl halides bearing non‐protected amino or hydroxy groups proceeds in the presence of a simple iron catalyst. Upon treatment with Grignard reagents, various diarylamines can be cross‐coupled with halocarbazoles, haloindoles, haloanilines, and halophenols to afford the corresponding triarylamines, without the undesired dimerization or oligomerization of the starting aryl halides. DFT studies on the dimeric iron amide intermediates reveal that the reductive elimination can be the selectivity determining step. Finally, a short‐step synthesis of a thermally activated delayed‐fluorescence emitter, DACT‐II, demonstrates the synthetic utility of the present method.
Estimating the stature of ancient high‐altitude Andean populations from skeletal remains of the Chachapoya of Peru
Authors: Anzellini Armando , Toyne Jennifer Marla 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have demonstrated the need for regionally specific stature estimation formulae due to the geographical specificity of limb proportionality related to the effects of environmental pressures on growth and development. High‐altitude Andean populations have often been neglected in the creation of these formulae. This study uses a hybrid approach to create linear regression formulae for stature estimation and test their accuracy when compared previously published formulae traditionally used in Andean bioarchaeology.Materials and MethodsWe studied a sample from a high‐altitude Andean population to create linear regression formulae based on anatomical estimates of stature from the femur, tibia, and calcaneus and compare the newly created formulae with those traditionally employed in Andean bioarchaeology. We also examine the reliability of calcanei in stature estimation by creating and testing regression formulae based on metrics from that element.ResultsWe include specific formulae accurate to within 1 cm of anatomical stature estimates using femoral, tibial, and calcaneal metrics. These formulae provide estimates that are closer to anatomical stature than those traditionally used in the Andes. ANOVA results were statistically significant for differences between Andean‐derived and Mesoamerican‐derived formulae.DiscussionAlthough regionally proximate (mid‐altitude) formulae provide estimates approximating population‐specific formulae, those created from geographically distant populations from sites at or near sea‐level are inappropriate in high‐altitude studies. Like some previous studies on stature, we found that the most accurate estimates were based on the tibia rather than the femur and that the calcaneus can be used reliably in stature estimation when no other element is present or measurable.
Quantifying the impact of adherence to screening strategies on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: D’Andrea Elvira , Ahnen Dennis J. , Sussman Daniel A. , Najafzadeh Mehdi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCurrent recommendations of The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening strategies are based on models that assume 100% adherence. Since adherence can have a large effect on screening outcomes, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of CRC screening strategies under reported adherence rates at the population level. We developed and validated a microsimulation model to assess the effectiveness of colonoscopy (COL), flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS), high‐sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood‐test (HS‐gFOBT), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), multitarget stool DNA test (FIT‐DNA), computed tomography colonography (CTC), and methylated SEPT9 DNA test (SEPT9) in terms of CRC incidence and mortality, incremental life years gained (LYG), number of colonoscopies, and adverse events for men and women 50 years or older over their lifetime. We assessed outcomes under 100% adherence rates and reported adherence rates. We also performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the impact of varying adherence levels on CRC outcomes. Assuming 100% adherence, FIT‐DNA, FIT, HS‐gFOBT, and SEPT9 averted 42‐45 CRC cases and 25‐26 CRC deaths, COL 46 cases and 26 deaths, CTC 39 cases and 23 deaths, FS 32 cases and 19 deaths per 1000 individuals. Assuming reported adherence, SEPT9 averted 37 CRC cases and 23 CRC deaths, COL 34 cases and 20 deaths, FIT‐DNA, FIT, CTC and HS‐gFOBT 16‐25 cases and 10‐16 deaths per 1000 individuals. LYG reflected the effectiveness of each strategy in reducing CRC cases and deaths. Adverse events were more common for COL (3.7 per 1000 screened) and annual SEPT9 (3.4 per 1000 screened), and proportional to the number of colonoscopies. Among the screening strategies recommended by USPSTF, colonoscopy results in the largest benefit when we account for adherence. Adherence rates higher than 65%‐70% would be required for any stool or blood‐based screening modality to match the benefits of colonoscopy.
Long‐term outcome of percutaneous intervention for pulmonary vein stenosis after pulmonary vein isolation procedure
Authors: Suntharos Patcharapong , Worley Sarah E. , Liu Wei , Siperstein Marion , Prieto Lourdes R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesReport long‐term outcomes of percutaneous intervention in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) from a single center over 16 years.BackgroundOutcome reports of percutaneous intervention for PVS resulting from PVI are limited.MethodsRetrospective review of all patients with PVS after PVI who underwent percutaneous intervention at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between January 2000 and December 2016.ResultsA total of 205 patients underwent cardiac catheterization for PVS during the study period. Completely occluded veins which could not be recanalized occurred in six patients. Of the remaining 199 patients, 27 (14%) were lost to follow‐up, leaving 172 patients with 276 veins for analysis. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 62 veins and stent implantation in 250 (primary in 214, to treat postdilation restenosis in 36). Re‐intervention occurred in 45/62 (73%) balloon‐dilated veins and 45/250 (18%) stented veins. Freedom from re‐intervention at 1 and 5 years was 90 and 73% following stenting versus 40 and 23% following balloon dilation (p < .001, Hazard ratio (HR) = 5.7). Veins with stent diameter ≥7 mm (n = 231) had greater freedom from re‐intervention (95% at 1 year, 79% at 5 years) than veins with stents <7 mm (43% at 1 year, 9% at 5 years), p < .001. There was clear symptomatic improvement after intervention and no procedural mortality.ConclusionsStent implantation at ≥7 mm for PVS after PVI is associated with low rates of re‐intervention, in contrast to balloon dilation and stenting with small conventional stents.
MeCAAC=N−: A Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene Imino Ligand
Authors: Goettel James T. , Gao Haopeng , Dotzauer Simon , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) has been shown to react with a covalent azide similar to the Staudinger reaction. The reaction of MeCAAC with trimethylsilyl azide afforded the N‐silylated 2‐iminopyrrolidine (MeCAAC=NSiMe3), which was fully characterized. This compound undergoes hydrolysis to afford the 2‐iminopyrrolidine and trimethylsiloxane which co‐crystallize as a hydrogen‐bonded adduct. The N‐silylated 2‐iminopyrrolidine was used to transfer the novel pyrrolidine‐2‐iminato ligand onto both main‐group and transition‐metal centers. The reaction of the tetrabromodiborane bis(dimethyl sulfide) adduct with two equivalents of MeCAAC=NSiMe3 afforded the disubstituted diborane. The reaction of MeCAAC=NSiMe3 with TiCl4 and CpTiCl3 afforded MeCAAC=NTiCl3 and MeCAAC=NTiCl2Cp, respectively.
Asymmetric Cross [10+2] Cycloadditions of 2‐Alkylidene‐1‐indanones and Activated Alkenes under Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Yang Yang , Jiang Ying , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIsobenzofulvene species are versatile synthons in organic chemistry, which have been employed in diverse challenging higher‐order cycloaddition reactions. Here, the first chemoselective and asymmetric cross [10+2] cycloaddition reaction between activated 2‐alkylidene‐1‐indanones and a variety of electron‐deficient alkenes has been developed, relying on the in situ generation of dearomative 1‐hydroxyl isobenzofulvene anion intermediates under the catalysis of a newly designed bulky cinchona‐derived phase‐transfer compound. An array of fused frameworks with multifunctionalities were generally furnished in excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity, even at 1 mol % catalyst loadings.
Hybrid‐mode single‐slope ADC with improved linearity and reduced conversion time for CMOS image sensors
Authors: Kłosowski Miron 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn the paper, a single‐slope analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) for integrated CMOS image sensor applications with an improved technique of conversion has been proposed. The proposed hybrid‐mode ADC automatically uses one of the following conversion techniques: time based (i.e. PWM) or voltage based (i.e. single‐slope). During the ADC operation, the clock frequency and reference voltage are modified in order to reduce the conversion time and achieve the optimal linearity. Owing to this, the pixel using a photodiode working in the integration mode achieves a linear photoconversion characteristics (irradiance to digital number), and the conversion period, which is determined by the darkest parts of a scene, is reduced by an order of magnitude comparing with known ADC solutions. The proposed conversion technique has been validated with the ASIC prototype of a CMOS imager containing photosensors integrated with the ADCs. The ASIC was fabricated in standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology. A specialized measurement system has been used to optimize linearity in the hybrid‐mode conversion (integral nonlinearity below 2 LSB). The conversion period has been reduced 15 times compared with the standard technique. Measurements confirm functionality of the proposed approach, implemented within a small pixel area.
Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of new acylthiosemicarbazides designed by structural modification
Authors: Martínez Roberto , Espitia‐Pinzón Clara I. , Silva Miranda Mayra , Chávez‐Santos Rosa María , Pretelin‐Castillo Gustavo , Ramos‐Orea Aldahir , Hernández‐Báez Ángela M. , Cotlame‐Pérez Sandra , Pedraza‐Rodríguez Rogelio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcylthiosemicarbazides 8a–n were designed by structural modification of lead Compound 7. The syntheses of 8a–n involve a five‐step procedure starting from carboxylic acids. Compounds 8a–n were tested against three Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to measure their inhibitory antituberculosis activities. These activities could be explained according to the presence or absence of the chlorine substituent in the aromatic ring of the amide joined to the thiosemicarbazide core. Thiosemicarbazide derivative 8n is a candidate for the development of novel antitubercular agents. Ongoing studies are focused on exploring the mechanism by which these compounds inhibit M. tuberculosis cell growth.
Molecular profiling of nematode associates with Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in southern Italy
Authors: De Luca Francesca , Fanelli Elena , Oreste Monica , Scarcia Gianluca , Troccoli Alberto , Vovlas Alessio , Trisciuzzi Nicola , Tarasco Eustachio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA survey of nematodes associated with the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus was conducted in southern Italy in 2015 and 2016 in order to create a species inventory and obtain data about nematode biodiversity. A total of 70 insect samples (pupae and adults) were collected from infested Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix dactylifera, and Chamaerops humilis palms in three Italian Regions: sampling took place at 11 locations in Apulia, 1 in Basilicata, and 1 in Sardinia regions. Individual insects were dissected to determine nematode presence, and different nematode species were also recovered from red palm weevil cocoons collected at the sites in Apulia. Individual nematodes were molecularly identified by sequencing the ITS, D2‐D3 expansion domains of the 28SrRNA gene and the mitochondrial COI and inferring the phylogenetic relationships. The insect‐associated nematofauna identified belonged to the families Rhabditidae, Cephalobidae, and Diplogastridae. Just two nematode species, Teratorhabditis synpapillata and Mononchoides macrospiculum, were always found in association with adult insects and cocoons taken from all sampling sites. This paper reports on the biodiversity of the nematodes associated with R. ferrugineus and on current knowledge of the specific habitat of specialized and divergent entomophilic nematodes.
Effects of the improper modeling of viscous damping on the first‐mode and higher‐mode dominated responses of base‐isolated buildings
Authors: Anajafi Hamidreza , Medina Ricardo A. , Santini‐Bell Erin 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn many finite element platforms, a classical global damping matrix based on the elastic stiffness of the system (including isolators) is usually developed as part of the solution to the equations of motion of base‐isolated buildings. The conducted analytical and numerical investigations illustrate that this approach can lead to the introduction of unintended damping to the first and higher vibration modes and the spurious suppression of the respective structural responses. A similar shortcoming might be observed even when a nonclassical damping model (ie, an assembly of the superstructure and isolation system damping sub‐matrices) is used. For example, the use of Rayleigh damping approach to develop the superstructure damping sub‐matrix can lead to the undesired addition of damping to the isolated mode arising from the mass‐proportional component of the superstructure damping. On the other hand, the improper use of nonclassical stiffness‐proportional damping (eg, determining the proportional damping coefficient, βk, based on the first mode) can result in assigning significant damping to the higher‐modes and the unintended mitigation of the higher‐mode responses. Results show that a nonclassical stiffness‐proportional model in which βk is determined based on the second modal period of a base‐isolated building can reasonably specify the intended damping to the higher modes without imparting undesirable damping to the first mode. The nonclassical stiffness‐proportional damping can be introduced to the numerical model through explicit viscous damper elements attached between adjacent floors. In structural analysis software such as SAP2000®, the desired nonclassical damping can be also modeled through specifying damping solely to the superstructure material.
En route of electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid technique in distribution networks: Status and technological review
Authors: Arfeen Zeeshan A. , Khairuddin Azhar B. , Munir Abdullah , Azam Mehreen K. , Faisal Mohammad , Arif M. Saad Bin 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe presence of electric vehicles (EVs) directly affects the low voltage electric distribution networks. This article depicts the anticipated problems that occurred when it draws power from grid to vehicle in the charging scenario and critically analyze EV as dynamic storage while feeding the power grid in the discharging status (vehicle to grid). The merits and demerits by deploying the mass integration of EVs into the distribution network are comprehensively investigated. Moreover, the challenges of integrating renewable energy resources and deployment of EVs, for the efficient, reliable, and uninterruptible power flow are covered. The future scopes of electric mobility industry including wireless EV charging, vehicle to home, cloud to home charging are also highlighted. This comprehensive review is highly beneficial for the research community and design engineers working in this area.
Error Variance in Common Population Linking Bridge Studies
Authors: Jewsbury Paul A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen an assessment undergoes changes to the administration or instrument, bridge studies are typically used to try to ensure comparability of scores before and after the change. Among the most common and powerful is the common population linking design, with the use of a linear transformation to link scores to the metric of the original assessment. In the common population linking design, randomly equivalent samples receive the new and previous administration or instrument. However, conventional procedures to estimate error variances are not appropriate for scores linked in a bridge study, because the procedures neglect variance due to linking. A convenient approach is to estimate a variance component associated with the linking to add to the conventionally estimated error variance. Equations for the variance components in this approach are derived, and the approximations inherently made in this approach are shown and discussed. Exact error variances of linked scores, accounting for both conventional sources of variance (e.g., sampling) and linking variance together, are derived and discussed. The consequences of how linking changes how certain errors are related is considered mathematically. Specifically, the impacts of linking on the error variance for the comparison of two linked estimates (e.g., comparing the mean score of boys to the mean score of girls, after linking), for the comparison of scores across the two samples (e.g., comparing the mean score of boys in the new administration or instrument to the mean score of boys in the old administration or instrument), and for aggregating scores across the two samples (e.g., the mean score of boys across both administrations or instruments) are derived and discussed. Finally, general methods to account for error variance in bridge studies by simultaneously accounting for both conventional and linking sources of error are recommended.
Alcohol‐related head and neck cancer: Summary of the literature
Authors: Marziliano Allison , Teckie Sewit , Diefenbach Michael A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlcohol drinking is a risk factor for the development of head‐and‐neck malignancies, including oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers, and coupled with tobacco use, accounts for 75% of oral cancers. We summarized the literature on alcohol‐related head and neck cancer (HNC) and identified gaps that represent areas for future investigation. Research indicates that alcohol consumption has not only been linked to the development of primary HNCs, but also to secondary cancers with continued alcohol intake, cancer recurrences, and other poor health outcomes. Given this evidence, several organizations have called for reduction or avoidance of alcohol, particularly in HNC survivors. Despite these strong recommendations, evidence suggests that HNC survivors continue to use alcohol. There is a need to forge collaborations among clinicians, researchers, and social workers, to address this problem of alcohol consumption in the growing population of HNC survivors.
The influence of organizational context on the managerial turnover–performance relationship
Authors: Revilla Elena , Rodriguez‐Prado Beatriz , Simón Cristina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study performs a comprehensive examination of organizational context in the relationship between managerial turnover and organizational performance. Using theoretical frameworks of human and social capital, we focus on the moderating roles of entity size, employment system, industry brand, and location. To test our hypotheses, we worked with the company records of a multinational fashion retail group with more than 4,000 stores grouped into eight different brands and 100,000 employees in more than 31 countries. To estimate the causal contextual effects of the relationship between voluntary managerial turnover and organizational performance, we designed a quasi‐experiment using propensity score matching analysis. Our results show that the dysfunctional side of managerial turnover is significant for stores that are large, for stores managed under a primary employment system, for brands operating with higher levels of service orientation, and for countries with more restrictive employment protection legislation. We discuss the implications of these findings for practice and for future research.
Recent developments in flexible photodetectors based on metal halide perovskite
Authors: Hao Dandan , Zou Jun , Huang Jia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFlexible photodetectors (FPDs) have been receiving increasing attention in recent years because of their potential applications in electronic eyes, bioinspired sensing, smart textiles, and wearable devices. Moreover, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with outstanding optical and electrical properties, good mechanical flexibility, low‐cost and low‐temperature solution‐processed fabrication have become promising candidates as light harvesting materials in FPDs. Herein, we comprehensively review the developments of FPDs based on MHPs reported recently. This review firstly provides an introduction with respect to the performance parameters and device configurations of perovskite photodetectors, followed by the specific requirements of FPDs including substrate and electrode materials. Next, chemical compositions, structures and preparation methods of MHPs are presented. Then, the FPDs on the basis of single‐component perovskite and hybrid structure perovskite are discussed, subsequently, self‐powered flexible perovskite photodetectors were presented. In the end, conclusions and challenges are put forward in the field of FPDs based on perovskites.image
MiR‐16, as a potential NF‐κB‐related miRNA, exerts anti‐inflammatory effects on LPS‐induced myocarditis via mediating CD40 expression: A preliminary study
Authors: Li Qiang‐Qiang , Xi Jing , Li Bing‐Qiang , Li Ning 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effect of miR‐16 on myocarditis and the underlying molecular mechanism. H9c2 cells were treated with 10 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 hours to form a myocarditis injury model. We observed that LPS treatment distinctly decreased the level of miR‐16 in H9c2 cells. Upregulation of miR‐16 increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis. Then, CD40 was predicted and verified as a target gene of miR‐16 by TargetScan and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Furthermore, the messenger RNA and protein expression of CD40 are negatively regulated by miR‐16. The relative expression of inflammatory factors was dramatically decreased by the miR‐16 mimic. Cells cotransfected with miR‐16 mimic and si‐CD40 could significantly abolish the injury of cardiomyocytes caused by myocarditis. Our study illustrated that the upregulation of miR‐16 has a protective effect on LPS‐damaged H9c2 cells, which may be achieved by regulating CD40 and the nuclear factor kappa B pathway.