bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Our graduates will have the edge”: Linguistic entrepreneurship and the discourse of Mandarin enrichment centers in Singapore
Authors: Starr Rebecca Lurie , Kapoor Shrutika 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although Singapore schools are English-medium, Mandarin is a compulsory subject for students of Chinese heritage. As young Singaporeans increasingly speak English at home, the required study of Mandarin has become a source of anxiety for families. Mandarin ‘enrichment centers’, which provide supplementary language classes, leverage this anxiety in various ways, from promising top exam results to highlighting non-traditional pedagogical approaches. This analysis draws on data from the websites of 14 such centers, focusing on how these programs position learners in relation to the notion of linguistic entrepreneurship (De Costa et al. 2016). We identify three broad classes of enrichment center: Traditional, Modern Traditional, and Anti-Traditional, each offering distinct imaginings of the learner as linguistic entrepreneur. Traditional centers highlight academic achievement, promising ‘exam-focused’ strategies to optimize school performance. Modern Traditional centers, in contrast, frame enrichment as an elite lifestyle choice, emphasizing exclusivity and luxury. Finally, Anti-Traditional centers distance themselves from conventional pedagogy, and invoke notions of holistic, experiential learning. Across these categories, we observe a common discourse of Mandarin learning as a character-building struggle, in which centers provide unique resources enabling learners to survive the Singapore education system and emerge as ideal neoliberal subjects who have maximized their potential.
Polariton panorama
Authors: Basov D. N. , Asenjo-Garcia Ana , Schuck P. James , Zhu Xiaoyang , Rubio Angel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this brief review, we summarize and elaborate on some of the nomenclature of polaritonic phenomena and systems as they appear in the literature on quantum materials and quantum optics. Our summary includes at least 70 different types of polaritonic light–matter dressing effects. This summary also unravels a broad panorama of the physics and applications of polaritons. A constantly updated version of this review is available athttps://infrared.cni.columbia.edu.
Ligand-induced chirality and optical activity in semiconductor nanocrystals: theory and applications
Authors: Kuznetsova Vera , Gromova Yulia , Martinez-Carmona Marina , Purcell-Milton Finn , Ushakova Elena , Cherevkov Sergei , Maslov Vladimir , Gun’ko Yurii K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chirality is one of the most fascinating occurrences in the natural world and plays a crucial role in chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, and medicine. Chirality has also been envisaged to play an important role in nanotechnology and particularly in nanophotonics, therefore, chiral and chiroptical active nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted a lot of interest over recent years. Optical activity can be induced in NPs in several different ways, including via the direct interaction of achiral NPs with a chiral molecule. This results in circular dichroism (CD) in the region of the intrinsic absorption of the NPs. This interaction in turn affects the optical properties of the chiral molecule. Recently, studies of induced chirality in quantum dots (QDs) has deserved special attention and this phenomenon has been explored in detail in a number of important papers. In this article, we review these important recent advances in the preparation and formation of chiral molecule–QD systems and analyze the mechanisms of induced chirality, the factors influencing CD spectra shape and the intensity of the CD, as well as the effect of QDs on chiral molecules. We also consider potential applications of these types of chiroptical QDs including sensing, bioimaging, enantioselective synthesis, circularly polarized light emitters, and spintronic devices. Finally, we highlight the problems and possibilities that can arise in research areas concerning the interaction of QDs with chiral molecules and that a mutual influence approach must be taken into account particularly in areas, such as photonics, cell imaging, pharmacology, nanomedicine and nanotoxicology.
Ultracompact and low-power-consumption silicon thermo-optic switch for high-speed data
Authors: Zhang Ruihuan , He Yu , Zhang Yong , An Shaohua , Zhu Qingming , Li Xingfeng , Su Yikai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ultracompact and low-power-consumption optical switches are desired for high-performance telecommunication networks and data centers. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip power-efficient 2 × 2 thermo-optic switch unit by using a suspended photonic crystal nanobeam structure. A submilliwatt switching power of 0.15 mW is obtained with a tuning efficiency of 7.71 nm/mW in a compact footprint of 60 μm × 16 μm. The bandwidth of the switch is properly designed for a four-level pulse amplitude modulation signal with a 124 Gb/s raw data rate. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed switch is the most power-efficient resonator-based thermo-optic switch unit with the highest tuning efficiency and data ever reported.
Near-infrared dual-wavelength plasmonic switching and digital metasurface unveiled by plasmonic Fano resonance
Authors: Ou Jie , Luo Xiao-Qing , Luo You-Lin , Zhu Wei-Hua , Chen Zhi-Yong , Liu Wu-Ming , Wang Xin-Lin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Plasmonic Fano resonance (FR) that contributes to multitudinous potential applications in subwavelength nanostructures can facilitate the realization of tunable wavelength selectivity for controlling light–matter interactions in metasurfaces. However, the plasmonic FR can be generated in metasurfaces with simple or complex geometries, and few of them can support flexible amplitude modulation and multiwavelength information transfer and processing. Here, we study the near-infrared plasmonic FR in a hybrid metasurface composed of concentrically hybridized parabolic-hole and circular-ring-aperture unit cells, which can induce polarization-dependent dual-wavelength passive plasmonic switching (PPS) and digital metasurface (DM). It is shown that the designable plasmonic FR can be realized by changing the geometric configurations of the unit cells. In particular, owing to the polarization-dependent characteristic of FR, it is possible to fulfill a compact dual-wavelength PPS with high ON/OFF ratios in the related optical communication bands. Moreover, such PPS that manipulates the amplitude response of the transmitted spectrum is an efficient way to reveal a 1-bit DM, which can also be rationally extended to a 2-bit DM or more. Our results suggest a pathway for studying polarization-dependent PPS and programmable metasurface devices, yielding possibilities for subwavelength nanostructures in optical communication and information processing.
The crystal structure of 3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, C30H46O3·1/6H2O
Authors: Wang Xiao-Hui , Wang Hui-yun , Wang Jia-Zhen , Zhang Mei , Chen Xiao-Qian , Zhao Feng-Lan , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C30H46O3·1/6H2O, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 29.4307(4) Å, b = 15.42797(17) Å, c = 18.4667(2) Å, β = 104.4652(12)°, V = 8119.11(17) Å3, Z = 12, R
gt(F) = 0.0432, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1197, T = 293(2) K.

CCDC no.: 2016692
Crystal structure of (3E,5E)-3,5-bis-4-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one, C24H21F6NO3
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Fan , Wang Hui-yun , Song Jia , Liang Lun-Hai , Xu Yang-Rong , Zhao Feng-Lan , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C24H21F6NO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.6493(9) Å, b = 15.3005(8) Å, c = 8.8554(5) Å, β = 99.746(6)°, V = 2223.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0444, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1094, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of (1aS,1a
1
S,2S)-4a-butoxy-1a,1a
1,2,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-cyclobuta[de]naphthalen-2-yl-4-nitrobenzoate, C22H25NO5
Authors: Luo Jiahuan , Zhai Shengxian , Han Chuchu , Zhao Hanwen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C22H25NO5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.7241(13) Å, b = 7.0223(5) Å, c = 18.4613(14) Å, β = 100.329(4)°, V = 2005.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0495, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1564, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of 4-hydroxy-2,5-bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-ylthio)-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienolate chloride monohydrate, C14H15N4O5S2Cl
Authors: Miao Ming-zhi , Li Ji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C14H15N4O5S2Cl, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 69), a = 16.1956(11) Å, b = 11.7856(8) Å, c = 18.7814(13) Å, V = 3584.9(4) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0459, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1218, T = 298(2) K.CCDC no.: 2034931
The crystal structure of aqua-tris (1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato-κ2
O,O′)-lanthanum(III), C45H35LaO7
Authors: Hickson Matthew , Sephton Abigail , Dugmore Travis , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C45H35LaO7, trigonal, R3 (no. 146), a = 22.3832(11) Å, c = 6.4522(3) Å, V = 2799.5(3) Å3, Z = 3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0192, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0462, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of 2-iso-propylimidazole, C6H10N2
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C6H10N2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.4423(5) Å, b = 7.9420(5) Å, c = 11.6711(8) Å, α = 96.667(3)°, β = 95.650(3)°, γ = 100.999(3)°, V = 667.42(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0620, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1681, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of bi-1,1′-cyclopentane-1,1′-diol, C10H18O2
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C10H18O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 10.0025(5) Å, b = 18.8285(9) Å, c = 11.2384(6) Å, β = 115.327(2)°, V = 1913.11(17) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0596, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1606, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitro-phenol, C8H9NO3
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C8H9NO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.9121(4) Å, b = 26.9700(15) Å, c = 8.7204(5) Å, β = 106.152(3)°, V = 1561.48(16) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0486, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1399, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of bis(1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-aminium) carbonate, C9H24N2O7
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C9H24N2O7, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.1646(7) Å, b = 6.3264(4) Å, c = 18.6926(9) Å, β = 97.5994(18)°, V = 1308.69(13) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0385, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1057, T = 200 K.
Theoretical calculation of a TiO2-based photocatalyst in the field of water splitting: A review
Authors: Li Bianhong , Wu Shaofeng , Gao Xiangsheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrently, energy and environmental problems are becoming more serious. The use of solar energy to split water and produce clean, renewable hydrogen as an energy source is a feasible and effective approach to solve these problems. As the most promising semiconductor material for photocatalytic water splitting, TiO2-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention from researchers in academia and industry in recent years. This review describes the research progress in the theoretical calculations of TiO2-based photocatalysts in water splitting. First, it briefly introduces some commonly used theoretical calculation methods, the crystal structure of TiO2and its photocatalytic mechanism, and the principle of doping and heterojunction modification to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2. Subsequently, the adsorption state of water molecules with different coverages on the surface of TiO2, the rate-limiting steps of the splitting of water molecules on the surface of TiO2, and the transfer process of photogenerated current carriers at the interface between water molecules and TiO2are analyzed. In addition, a brief review of research into the theoretical calculations of TiO2-based commercial photocatalysts in the field of water splitting is also provided. Finally, the calculation of TiO2-based photocatalytic water-splitting simulations is summarized, and possible future research and development directions are discussed.
Decentralised sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) vine multiplication in Lake Zone, Tanzania: Five years later
Authors: McEwan Margaret A. , Almekinders Conny J. M. , Matui Moses S. , Lusheshanija Dorothy , Massawe Mariana , Chirimi Baker , Ogero Kwame 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFarmer-based seed multiplication is widely promoted by development practitioners, but there is limited understanding of the individual or collective motivations of farmers to engage or disengage in specialised seed production. The objective of this study is to understand the factors influencing the continuity of sweetpotato vine multiplication enterprises in the Lake Zone of Tanzania, five years after support from a project ended. A total of 81 out of 88 trained group or individual decentralised vine multipliers (DVMs) were traced to assess their vine multiplication activities. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through telephone and field interviews. Our data showed that 40% of the 81 DVMs had sold vines in the year prior to the study and 20% had maintained the improved varieties for their own use. Some group members had continued vine sales as individuals. The DVMs’ reasons for abandoning vine multiplication included climatic and water access issues, market factors and group dynamics. The DVMs did not engage in high volumes of commercial sales. Socio-economic norms and values underpin the transactions of sweetpotato vines. These norms may undermine the emergence of commercially viable enterprises yet seem navigable for a substantial number of the DVMs. Group DVMs seem less commercially successful than individuals.
Farmers’ responses to organic rice farming in Indonesia: Findings from central Java and south Sulawesi
Authors: Rozaki Zuhud , Triyono  , Indardi  , Salassa Dara Intan , Nugroho Restu Budi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Organic rice farming (ORF) is getting more attention from many parties because conventional rice farming (CRF) has environmental issues and because people’s awareness of healthy food is increasing. The social, economical, and environmental challenges make ORF a potential path forward. This study aims to understand farmers’ responses to ORF. Data were collected through interviews with 37 respondents from Central Java and 67 respondents from South Sulawesi. The respondents, chosen randomly, represented 40.38% CRF farmers and 59.62% ORF farmers. A mean was used to present the difference between CRF and ORF farmers’ responses in each variable. Multiple linear regression was used to describe the factors affecting these responses. Results showed that ORF farmers’ mean on all response variables was higher than CRF farmers’, except market opportunity (MKOP), which showed only a slight difference in means at 4.357 (CRF) and 4.371 (ORF). MKOP is the one area of trust for both CRF and ORF farmers. Both responses from CRF and ORF farmers have value for use by stakeholders to develop Indonesian ORF.
Fire-retardant wood coating based on natural rubber bearing methacrylic functionality
Authors: Nontasak Watcharapong , Thongnuanchan Bencha , Ninjan Rattanawadee , Lopattananon Natinee , Wannavilai Puripong , Nakason Charoen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The main objective of the present work was to develop intumescent fire-retardant coating (IFRC) for wood based on modified natural rubber (NR). A newly modified form of NR, namely graft copolymers of NR and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), NR-g-PMAA, was first synthesized by a solution polymerization technique. The IFRC was then prepared by compounding the synthesized NR-g-PMAA with a curing agent and an intumescent additive to form a compound coating. Cross-linking of the NR-g-PMAA coating was achieved by reactions with polyisocyanate based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (poly‐HDI) under ambient conditions. Interactions of NR-g-PMAA with poly‐HDI were also studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Expandable graphite (EG) was employed as intumescent filler in the present study. The thermal stability of the NR-g-PMAA coating films was first studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The fire-retardant properties of wood, with or without the NR-g-PMAA coating, were then examined using the limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry test. The flammability tests indicate that the flame-retardant properties of wood were greatly improved by treatment with the NR-g-PMAA-based IFRC. Hence, it can be stated that this new form of modified NR has shown to possess potential application in the IFRC when used in combination with EG.
Modeling and assessment of the transfer effectiveness in integrated bioreactor with membrane separation
Authors: Tsibranska Irene , Vlaev Serafim , Dzhonova Daniela , Tylkowski Bartosz , Panyovska Stela , Dermendzhieva Nadezhda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntegrating a reaction process with membrane separation allows for effective product removal, favorable shifting of the reaction equilibrium, overcoming eventual inhibitory or toxic effects of the products and has the advantage of being energy and space saving. It has found a range of applications in innovative biotechnologies, generating value-added products (exopolysaccharides, antioxidants, carboxylic acids) with high potential for separation/ concentration of thermosensitive bioactive compounds, preserving their biological activity and reducing the amount of solvents and the energy for solvent recovery. Evaluating the effectiveness of such integrated systems is based on fluid dynamics and mass transfer knowledge of flowing matter close to the membrane surface –shear deformationratesand shear stress at the membrane interface, mass transfercoefficients.A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based approach for assessing the effectiveness of integrated stirred tank bioreactor with submerged membrane module is compiled. It is related to the hydrodynamic optimization of the selected reactor configuration in two-phase flow, as well as to the concentration profiles and analysis of the reactor conditions in terms of reaction kinetics and mass transfer.
Climate engineering: a strategic approach to combat environmental potential risks associated with Pak-China Economic corridor (CPEC) Development
Authors: Ali Mahwish , Sajjad Wasim , Haleem Abdul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
China-Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC) has become a future economic potential for both countries. It will serve as a gateway to share trade and other industrial benefits with each other. On one hand it’s a blessing for both countries, the other way it is offering a potential threat to the environment i.e. due to wide construction of roads the major effect is threatening biodiversity and environmental sustainability. It will cause deforestation, floods, glacier melting, climate change, and global warming. “Climate engineering” is the newly emerging concept to resolve the problems related to the environment and biodiversity. Under the umbrella of concept “Climate engineering” we proposed attractive and environmentally friendly solutions that are helpful to mitigate the impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment of both countries. These proposed strategies include installation of CO2 scrubbers, construction of Algal ponds, and development of research stations across the roads and by introducing the concept of carbon canopy. It will also help the legislators and policymakers of both countries to incorporate these solutions for sustainable development on each side.
The Examination of Cultural Values and Social Media Usages in China
Authors: Xiao Ge , Lee HyeRyeon , Tessema Kedir , Wang Shaokang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Both social media usage statistics and recent studies outlined the importance for marketers to tap into China’s massive market with rapid growth rate. However, there is limited research focusing on investigating and explaining how the underlying values contribute to the social media usage behavior change. This research is aimed to fill the gap by examining the effect of cultural values on social media usage (e.g., shopping, interaction and information sharing) in China. It also explores the mediating effect of materialism on the relationship between cultural values and social media usage, along the male and female gender categories. While the size and scale of China’s social media market is astonishing, its market composition varies considerably from the rest of the world due to the Chinese government’s Internet censorship. As the study of major Chinese social media sites remains largely unexplored in the literature, this study studied the usage on different social media platforms in China. The survey were conducted online in China in 2018, and a total of 600 usable samples (n = 300 for males; n = 300 for females) were obtained. A principal components factor analysis with quartimax rotation was conducted in this study for a scale reduction purpose. Five cultural dimensions, namely power distance, collectivism/individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, and long-term/short-term orientation, were obtained. Then, regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses on main and mediating effects for both male and female social media users. The hypotheses were partially supported. The following summarizes major findings: 1) a significant and substantial effect of materialism on social media usages, as well a significant and moderate effect of cultural values on materialism were observed in this study; 2) the results showed that higher levels of collectivism predict higher levels of social media usage for the purpose of shopping, interaction and sharing information; 3) this study found, only for female users, a positive effect of long-term orientation on social media usage for the purpose of shopping, interaction and sharing information; 4) this study only identified one negative relationship, which is the relationship between power distance and using social media for the purpose of interaction for male users; 5) This study found users in China mainly use social media for information sharing and shopping, but not interaction purpose. Meipai (The Flickr of China), Zhihub(The Quora of China), and Tudou Youku (Youtube of China) were the top three social media sites used to share information such as photos, videos, and knowledges. On the other hand, Baidu Tieba (A Search Engine Forum), Tencent QQ (Popular Instant Messaging App) and Sina Weibo (Twitter of China) were the top 3 platforms people used to research and find product information or shop directly.