bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan dengan Lembar Balik Terhadap Perilaku Pemberian Asi pada Ibu Post Partum
Authors: Maulida Luluk Fajria 
Published: November 2019

One of the obstacles in breastfeeding attitude is the lack of lactation communication and counseling. Breastfeeding health education is designed to enforce healthy lifestyle of breastfeeding by delivering proof based information. Flipchart media usage can be easily understood by health counsellors and clients. The study is to investigate the influence of health education using flipchart over breastfeeding attitude in post-partum mothers. This research was used a quasi experiment design with posttest only design with control group. A random assignment sampling design was used to 42 respondents which were divided into 2 groups; intervention group and control group. The samples were randomized using numbers and were divided into intervention and control group. The intervention group was given health education after delivery and questionnaires were given in intervention and control group a week after postpartum. The average score postpartum maternal behavior in the intervention group (18,43) is higher than the control group (15,14). The results of chi square test p = 0.00; RR = 3.16; CI = 1,58-6,31. External variables related to the behavior of breastfeeding is the education level of p = 0.02. Health education using flipchart significantly affects breastfeeding behavior in postpartum mothers.
Aromaterapi Lemon Menurunkan Mual Muntah pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I
Authors: Cholifah Siti , Nuriyanah Titin Eka 
Published: November 2019

Nausea vomiting (Emesis gravidarum) is most commonly complaint occur in pregnant women by 50-90%, with 2% ending into excessive nausea vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum) that can harm the mother and fetus. One of the safest non-pharmacological therapies to be given to nausea moms of vomiting during pregnancy is lemon aromatherapy. The objective of this study was to know the effect of lemon aromatherapy in decreasing nausea at the first trimester gravid. The method were used in this research is pre experimental with the design of One Group Pre-Post Test Design. The population the first trimester gravida who experienced nausea vomiting using consecutive sampling technique that fulfilled the inclusion criteria amounted to 36 respondents. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test with α = 0,05. The results showed that the scale of nausea vomiting at the first trimester gravid before giving aromatherapy Mean + SD 23,33 + 3,913 while after giving aromatherapy Mean + SD 13,67 + 4,071. Result of Wilcoxon Sing Rank Test with significance level α = 0,05 got p = 0.0001 (P <α 0,05) then H1 accepted and H0 rejected. Conclusions of the study showed that lemon aromatherapy had significant effect in reducing nausea vomiting in the first trimester gravid. Suggestion for health officer (midwife) can apply alternative therapy of lemon aromatherapy to reduce and overcome nausea vomiting and can be developed for more research about complementary therapy to overcome nausea vomiting.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil terhadap Mual Muntah Kehamilan dengan Waktu Mual Muntah Kehamilan di PUSKESMAS Sumobito Kota Jombang
Authors: Mudlikah Siti , D H Sutjiati , Ningrum Neny Ilmia 
Published: November 2019

Nausea vomiting (emesis gravidarum) 50-60% occurs at the beginning of pregnancy trimester I. causes of increased estrogen, progesterone, and the release of human chorionic gonadothropine. Excessive emesis gravidarum is at risk of hyperemisis gravidarum which threatens the life of pregnant women. placenta. Purpose of the study: To determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women to emesis gravidarum at Sumobito Health Center, Jombang Regency. Obeservational, cross sectional, total population of 34 first trimester pregnant women statistics Spearman Rank Correlation Test and somers test. Pregnant women had good knowledge of 15 (44.1%), sufficient knowledge 13 (38.2%), and insufficient knowledge 6 (17.7%). While being positive 24 (71%) and being negative 10 (29%), Rank Spearman test. Knowledge α = 0.005. P value = 0.216. The attitude test somers a = 0.05 P value = 0.954. There was no correlation between knowledge and the incidence of emesis gravidarum and there was no correlation between the attitude of pregnant women and the incidence of emesis gravidarum.
The Moderating Role of Employee Empowerment and Distributive Justice in Transformational Leadership with Its Impact on Organizational Commitment in Islamic Banks at Pakistan
Authors: Din Maaz Ud , Khan Faisal , Kadarningsih Ana , Ali Amjad , Astuti Sih Darmi 
Published: November 2019

The basic of the current studywas to discover the influence of transformational leadership on organizational commitment,distributive justice, and employee empowerment as moderate variables in the Islamic banking company of DistrictSwat, KP-Pakistan.Adopted questionnaires were used to have five pointsLikert scalesand containing 24 items. 18 samples were taken with Random Sampling Techniquesfrom the Islamic bank's sector.A total of 305 questionnaires were distributedamong employees and the feedback rate was 80 % which 245questionnaires received.Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The study found thatorganizational commitment is positively and significantly affect empowerment. Distributive justice has a positive influence on organization commitment but not significant. There was also found that the leadership of transformational influences organization commitment positively and significantly.The variance of transformational leadership and organizational commitments were 16% which indicates a weaksignificant influence.
Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: GETA KINDU 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have a large impact on public health. Increasing in resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Plants have played a central part in combating many diseases in human and domestic animal in many local communities, including Africa. Rhamnus prinoides is Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity Rhamnus prinoides extracts against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: The antimicrobial activity tests were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate methods were used to determine MIC and MBC of extracts respectively. Results: The results revealed that ethanol extracts of fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with mean inhibition zone of 26±0.58, 28.33±1.2 and 33.33±0.9mm at 25, 50 and 100mg/ml respectively. The lowest mean MIC value (1.04 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains of S. aureus and the lowest mean MBC value (2.08 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of fruits against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureu. Conclusion: On the basis of the current findings, Rhamnus prinoides could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, MBC, MIC, Rhamnus prinoides, Staphylococcus aureus
Integrally Evaluation of production safety and genotoxicity of recycling residual sludge for drinking water treatment plants
Authors: Yao Meng , chen ting , ran zhilin , wu qibao , Li shaofeng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Recycling residual sludge in Drinking Water Treatment Plants could provide numerous benefits, like enhancing pollutant treatment efficiency and saving coagulant dosage. However, residual sludge may release excessive heavy metals and organic matter, some of which are of concern for their toxic and carcinogenic potential. The study was to investigate potential genotoxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of recycled residual sludge to quality of finished water in potable water works. Methods: Based on different biotrophic level, species and genetic end point, multiple test animals and different target cells were screening out to establish a relatively systematic and comprehensive evaluation system of potential genotoxic events. Genotoxic effects of reusing residual sludge were evaluated using a combination of seven different bioassays: Ames test, Sperm abnormality test in mice, micronucleus assay (Zebrafish cell, Mice bone marrow cells and Hamster ovary cells), Comet assay and Single cell gel electrophoresis assay were separately applied to detect gene mutation, chromosome aberration and DAN damage. Result: The results of Ames assay show that the disinfected water sample display bacteriostasis at dose of 7 L/dish regardless of treatment styles, but MR<2 can still be judged as negative. The micronucleus rates of conventional treatment were slightly genotoxic but only at 4 and 40 L/kg·bw, while micronucleus rates of filtered water and disinfectant from recycling process were negative in all dose groups. The levels of DNA damage caused by different treatment processes were substantially equivalent. Conclusion: Reusing residual sludge for DWTP did not contribute to the release of genotoxic or mutagenic compounds, while had remarkable effect on saving drug dose and increasing drinking water yield, which should be widely recommended.
FGF21 Attenuates Neurodegeneration though Reducing Neuroinflammation and Oxidant-stress
Authors: Kang Kai , Xu Pengfei , Wang Mengxia , Chunyu Jian , Sun Xu , Ren Guiping , li deshan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background It is reported that FGF21 can repair the nerve injury, but the specific mechanism is less studied. The present study was designed to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of FGF21 on neurodegeneration of the aging in 20 month old C57BL/6 mice and the diabetes in C57BL/ksj -db/db mice which were susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods The db/db mice and aging mice were used to verify the effects and possible mechanisms of FGF21 on neurodegeneration. These mice was processed with PBS, FGF21 or metformin once daily for several months. The related indicators of neurodegeneration were assessed by Quantitative Real Time-PCR, western blot and others.Results There were loss of nerve cells and intracellular edema around hippocampus in db/db mice and aging mice which were inhibited by FGF21. In vivo investigation revealed that the procession of FGF21 led to suppress the aggregation of Tau and β-Amyloid1-42 which led to apoptosis in nerve cells. Meanwhile, FGF21 significantly decreased the expression of NF-κB, IL6 and IL8 (p<0.05) and increased anti-oxidant enzymes (p<0.05) in db/db mice. In addition, the phosphorylation of AKT and AMPKα were increased by FGF21 in db/db mice, which were considered as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant stress pathway. The related indicators of neurodegeneration were also exhibited in aging mice which showed similar trends. The vitro experiment showed that the aggregation of Tau and β-Amyloid1-42 were increased by LPS, and hyperaggregation of Tau and β-Amyloid1-42 were inhibited by FGF21 in SHSY-5Y cells. Conclusion It was concluded that FGF21 attenuated neurodegeneration by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidant stress though regulating the NF-κB pathway and AMPK pathway which enhanced the protective effect of mitochondria on nerve cells.
Trophic niche differentiation mirrors intra-island population structure of Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
Authors: Anslan Sten , Reinhardt Timm , Fink Patrick , Brauns Mario , Peñafiel Nicolás , Guayasamin Juan M. , Páez-Rosas Diego , Vences Miguel , Steinfartz Sebastian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Differences in the trophic niche often underlie ecological specialization of individuals and can promote ecological speciation of populations, but studies showing a link between differences in the trophic niche and genetic differentiation of populations are rare. On the island of San Cristóbal (Galapágos archipelago), a strong genetic differentiation between two relatively proximate populations (subspecies; Amblyrhynchus cristatus mertensi and A. c. godzilla) of marine iguanas along the coastline has been observed. Here, we explore whether this genetic differentiation is mirrored in the iguanas’ trophic niche. Results: Although, no significant difference in the number of consumed algal taxa between subspecies were detected, the Schoener index exhibited low diet overlap between A. c. mertensi and A. c. godzilla. The latter was also demonstrated by the PERMANOVA analysis with significantly different diet OTU composition from the fecal samples between subspecies. Stable isotope analysis revealed that subspecies identity was overall more important than site for the iguanas’ resource use. Conclusions: By applying a metabarcoding approach on feces samples in combination with stable isotope analysis of skin sheds, we found that A. c. mertensi and A. c. godzilla differ in their ecological niches. Moreover, stable isotope analysis indicated that marine iguana populations have low spatial foraging distances, which, together with the diet partitioning patterns, might explain, at least partially, the lack of gene flow between these geographically proximate marine iguana populations. Key words: diet analysis, trophic niche, metabarcoding, stable isotopes, marine iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Preoperative dipyridamole-thallium scanning did not reduce 90-day cardiac complications and mortality in patients with femoral neck fractures undergoing hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Liao Chin-Yi , Tan Timothy L , Lu Yu-Der , Wu Cheng-Ta , Lee Mel S , Kuo Feng-Chih 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Patients with hip fractures have risk factors that increase the likelihood of postoperative cardiac complications and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dipyridamole-thallium scanning on 90-day cardiac complications and mortality in patients with femoral neck fracture treated with hemiarthroplasty. Methods: Between 2008 and 2015, 844 consecutive patients undergoing cemented or cementless hemiarthroplasty were identified from the database of a single level-one medical center. One-hundred and thirteen patients (13.4%) underwent the dipyridamole-thallium scan test prior to surgery, and 731 patients (86.6%) did not. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, surgical variables, and duration to surgery were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was performed, and a propensity-score-matched cohort was identified in order to determine whether dipyridamole-thallium scanning was associated with 90-day cardiac complications and mortality.Results: The incidence of 90-day cardiac complications was 19.47% in the thallium scan group and 11.58% in the non-thallium scan group (p = 0.343) among 452 patients after propensity score-matching. The 90-day mortality rate was similar in the two groups (0.88% vs. 1.18%, p = 0.795). In the propensity score-matched patients, utilization of the dipyridamole-thallium scan was not associated with cardiac complications (matched cohort, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 to 2.33) or mortality (adjusted OR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.08 to 6.71) within 90 days. Risk factors for cardiac complications were an American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 3 (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.44 to 7.08) and pre-existing cardiac comorbidities (OR 5.56, 95% CI 3.35 to 9.25). Discussion: Preoperative dipyridamole-thallium scanning was not associated with reductions in 90-day cardiac complications and mortality in patients with femoral neck fracture undergoing hemiarthroplasty. The necessity for dipyridamole-thallium scanning should be re-evaluated in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, given that this increases the duration to surgery.
Clinical features and influencing prognostic factors in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a cohort follow-up study in Chinese patients
Authors: Wang Yingxin , Miao Ailiang , Shi Yongwei , Ge Jianqing , Wang Lingling , Xu Haiyan , Yu Chuanyong , Yu Yuanwen , Huang Shuyang , Jiang Wenwen , Li Yihan , Wang Xiaoshan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives The clinical manifestations of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis in East China and factors associated with prognosis were analyzed.Methods A retrospective study of 106 patients (58 females; 48 males) with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in East China was carried out from June 2015 to February 2019. Clinical features and factors influencing outcomes were reviewed.Results Behavioral changes were observed in 74.5% (79/106) of patients, and comprised the initial symptoms in 61.3% (65/106). Seizures were observed in 67% (71/106) of patients, and served as initial symptoms in 31.1% (33/106). A total of 54.9% (39/71) of seizures were focal seizures. More clinical symptoms were observed in female patients than in male patients ( P =0.000). Similarly, background activity (BA) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody titers at the peak stage was more severe in female patients than in male patients ( P = 0.000). The Binary logistic regression and ROC curve analyses revealed the factors associated with poor outcomes included consciousness disturbance (OR: 4.907, 95% CI: 1.653-14.562, P =0.004; area: 65.4%, sensitivity: 44.2%, specificity: 86.5%, P =0.014 ), EEG BA (OR: 3.743, 95% CI: 1.766-7.932, P =0.001; area: 76.6%, sensitivity: 73%, specificity: 75%, P =0.000), number of symptoms (OR: 2.911, 95% CI: 1.811-4.679, P =0.000; area: 77.1%, sensitivity: 59.5%, specificity: 78.6%, P =0.000) and CSF antibody titer (OR: 31.778, 95% CI: 8.891-113.57, P =0.000; area: 83.9%, sensitivity: 89.2%, specificity: 78.6%, P =0.000).Conclusions EEG BA and number of symptoms were associated with CSF antibody titers. Consciousness disturbances, EEG BA, number of symptoms and CSF antibody titers served as predictors of poor outcomes.
Time‐Lapse Cameras for Measurement of Grain Corn Phenology on the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Zhanda Justice , Bullock Paul R. , Zvomuya Francis , Shaykewich Carl , Reid Lana M. , Lawley Yvonne , Flaten Don 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Time‐lapse cameras provided accurate grain corn development dates to V6 and for VT and R1.
Grain corn hybrids all accumulated more corn heat unit (CHU) to R6 than indicated by their CHU ratings.
The general thermal index may be more accurate than CHU for modeling grain corn phenology from temperature.
Shorter season grain corn (Zea mays L.) varieties and increased heat unit accumulation are improving grain corn production feasibility on the Canadian Prairies. However, there remains significant production risk and need for a reliable measure of corn heat requirements for risk assessment. This study utilized time‐lapse cameras to capture phenological development of five grain corn hybrids with corn heat unit (CHU) ratings from 2200 to 2700 at multiple locations in western Canada. The goal was to compare heat unit accumulation at specific phenological stages at multiple locations to identify an index with consistent accumulated values. The photos provided a clear record of development up to the V6 stage and for the VT and R1 stages. This facilitated accurate quantification of accumulated days after planting (DAP), CHU, standard growing degree day (GDD10), modified growing degree day (mGDD10,30), general thermal index (GTI), and beta function (BFn) for the five hybrids. All hybrids accumulated more CHU to reach R6 stage than suggested by their ratings. The coefficient of variation (CV) for accumulated index values was greatest at emergence and the V2 stage but declined in subsequent stages. At R6, all thermal indices had a CV ≤ 10.5%, with GTI consistently showing the numerically lowest CV (<5%) for all hybrids. The GTI may be a more consistent thermal index than CHU for predicting corn phenological development and an important improvement for selecting appropriate grain corn hybrids for specific locations on the Canadian Prairies. Further time‐lapse camera data is warranted to confirm these observations.
Organo or Metal Complex Catalyzed Synthesis of Five-membered Oxygen Heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Ahlawat Neha , Grewal Pooja , Bhardwaj Pranshu , Verma Yamini 
Published: November 2019

:The reactions involving the formation of C-O bond using metal as a catalyst have emerged to be one of the most influential reactions for the synthesis of heterocycles in modern organic chemistry. Catalysis by metals offers diverse opportunities to invent new organic reactions with a promising range of selectivities such as chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity. The methodologies used earlier for synthesis were less approachable to the organic chemist because of their high cost, highly specified instrumentation and inconvenient methods. For both stereoselective and regioselective formation of five-membered O-containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are metal and non-metal-catalyzed have known to be very efficient. The present review article covers the applications of metal and non-metal as a catalyst for the synthesis of five-membered O-containing heterocycles.
Synthesis of Substituted imidazo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine-2-(1H)-one Core Structure
Authors: Kalhapure Vijay , Magar Dhananjay , Kothalkar Nishant , Khaladkar Tushar , Roychowdhury Abhijit 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective:
The objective of our work was to establish a facile and scalable
synthesis of imidazopyridone for further use in medicinal chemistry applications. An easy synthesis of a core
scaffold will enable the medicinal chemistry community to use imidazopyridone as a privileged scaffold in new
chemical entity (NCE) synthesis.

Materials and Methods:
The synthesis was achieved from commercially available and cheap raw materials
like amino acetonitrile hydrochloride or commercially available guanidine.

Results:
Simple transformation starting from amino acetonitrile hydrochloride leads to the synthesis of a
versatile imidazo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine-2-(1H)-one core structure. Using suitable functionalized starting
materials, a set of NCEs were synthesized to demonstrate the application of the developed synthetic scheme.
Similarly, guanidine was also used to synthesize a regioisomer of imidazopyridone in moderate to good yields.

Conclusion:
We demonstrate the synthesis of two different regio-isomers of imidazopyrimidinone using
simple chemical transformations. Its application in synthesizing NCEs has also been exhibited in the present
work.
Carbonaceous Nanomaterials-Mediated Defense Against Oxidative Stress
Authors: Forbot Natalia , Bolibok Paulina , Wiśniewski Marek , Roszek Katarzyna 
Published: November 2019

:
The concept of nanoscale materials and their applications in industrial technologies, consumer
goods, as well as in novel medical therapies has rapidly escalated in the last several years. Consequently,
there is a critical need to understand the mechanisms that drive nanomaterials biocompatibility
or toxicity to human cells and tissues.

:
The ability of nanomaterials to initiate cellular pathways resulting in oxidative stress has emerged as a
leading hypothesis in nanotoxicology. Nevertheless, there are a few examples revealing another face of
nanomaterials - they can alleviate oxidative stress via decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species.
The fundamental structural and physicochemical properties of carbonaceous nanomaterials that govern
these anti-oxidative effects are discussed in this article. The signaling pathways influenced by these
unique nanomaterials, as well as examples of their applications in the biomedical field, e.g. cell culture,
cell-based therapies or drug delivery, are presented. We anticipate this emerging knowledge of
intrinsic anti-oxidative properties of carbon nanomaterials to facilitate the use of tailored nanoparticles
in vivo.