bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Acceleration from Expanding Magnetic Vortices During Reconnection with a Guide Field
Authors: Che H. , Zank G. P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is believed to be responsible for the acceleration of energetic electrons with a power-law spectrum in the solar wind and solar flares. However, recent studies of the leading mechanism of electron acceleration in reconnection, namely the acceleration by tearing instability induced multi-islands, demonstrates that this mechanism suffers from an “injection problem” for mildly relativistic reconnection acceleration. In this paper, we investigate a new type of reconnection acceleration in which an electron Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (EKHI) is driven as the current sheet reaches electron inertial length scales during magnetic reconnection with a strong guide field. Electrons are accelerated by stochastic electric fields, induced by the EKHI generated vortices that expand rapidly, and a power-law electron energy spectrum

with index α ∼ 3.5 is produced (W is the electron kinetic energy and f(W) is the energy distribution function). We show that the mechanism is a second-order Fermi acceleration process, and the index

where a = B

g
/B
0, which is determined by the ratio of the spatial scale of the inductive electric field D to that of vortices R and the ratio of guide field B

g
to asymptotic magnetic field B
0.
The Effects of Dust Optical Properties on the Scattering-induced Disk Polarization by Millimeter-sized Grains
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Li Zhi-Yun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Spatially resolved (sub)millimeter polarization has been detected by Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in an increasing number of disks. The majority of the observations show polarization patterns consistent with self scattering, especially at Band 7. The inferred sizes of the grains are typically of order 100 μm, which is very different from the millimeter size commonly inferred from the dust opacity index β. In an effort to resolve this discrepancy, we first introduce the so-called “Coplanar Isotropic Radiation Field” approximation, which enables the computation of the (signed) polarization fraction semianalytically. With an oft-adopted dust composition, we find that models with big dust grains produce very small polarization with reversed orientation, which has not been observed. The semianalytic results are validated through Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations. In these models, the “correct” polarization orientation and the small β index are mutually exclusive. To resolve this tension, we explore a wide range of dust models, parameterized by their complex refractive indices m = n + ik. We find that both the fraction and the orientation of the polarization depend on the refractive index in a complex way, and this dependence is mapped out on an n–k plane for a representative 3 mm size distribution and wavelength of 870 μm. In particular, 3 mm-sized refractory organics grains produce reversed polarization, whereas grains made of absorptive carbonaceous materials produce a percent-level, nonreversed polarization; the latter may alleviate the aforementioned tension in grain size estimates. We conclude that scattering-induced polarization has the potential to also probe the grain compositions.
Tracing the Dynamical Mass in Galaxy Disks Using H i Velocity Dispersion and Its Implications for the Dark Matter Distribution in Galaxies
Authors: Das Mousumi , McGaugh Stacy S. , Ianjamasimanana Roger , Schombert James , Dwarakanath K. S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present a method to derive the dynamical mass of face-on galaxy disks using their neutral hydrogen (H i) velocity dispersion (σ
H i
). We have applied the method to nearby, gas-rich galaxies that have extended H i gas disks and have low inclinations. The galaxy sample includes four large disk galaxies, NGC 628, NGC 6496, NGC 3184, and NGC 4214, and three dwarf galaxies, DDO 46, DDO 63, and DDO 187. We have used archival H i data from The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey (THINGS) and the LITTLE THINGS survey to derive the H i gas distributions and Spitzer mid-infrared images to determine the stellar disk mass distributions. We examine the disk dynamical and baryonic mass ratios in the extreme outer disks where there is H i gas but no visible stellar disk. We find that for the large galaxies, the disk dynamical and H i gas mass surface densities are comparable in the outer disks. But in the smaller dwarf galaxies, for which the total H i gas mass dominates the baryonic mass, i.e., M(H i) ≥ M(stars), the disk dynamical mass is much larger than the baryonic mass. For these galaxies, there must either be a very low-luminosity stellar disk which provides the vertical support for the H i gas disk or there is halo dark matter associated with their disks, which is possible if the halo has an oblate shape so that the inner part of the dark matter halo is concentrated around the disk. Our results are important for explaining the equilibrium of H i disks in the absence of stellar disks and is especially important for gas-rich, dwarf galaxies that appear to have significant dark matter masses associated with their disks.
GASP. XXII. The Molecular Gas Content of the JW100 Jellyfish Galaxy at z ∼ 0.05: Does Ram Pressure Promote Molecular Gas Formation?
Authors: Moretti Alessia , Paladino Rosita , Poggianti Bianca M. , Serra Paolo , Roediger Elke , Gullieuszik Marco , Tomičić Neven , Radovich Mario , Vulcani Benedetta , Jaffé Yara L. , Fritz Jacopo , Bettoni Daniela , Ramatsoku Mpati , Wolter Anna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Within the GASP survey, aimed at studying the effect of ram pressure stripping on star formation quenching in cluster galaxies, we analyze here ALMA observations of the jellyfish galaxy JW100. We find an unexpected large amount of molecular gas (∼2.5 × 1010

), 30% of which is located in the stripped gas tail out to ∼35 kpc from the galaxy center. The overall kinematics of the molecular gas is similar to the one shown by the ionized gas, but for clear signatures of double components along the stripping direction detected only out to 2 kpc from the disk. The line ratio r
21 has a clumpy distribution and in the tail can reach large values (≥1), while its average value is low (0.58 with a 0.15 dispersion). All these evidence strongly suggest that the molecular gas in the tail is newly born from stripped H i gas or newly condensed from stripped diffuse molecular gas. The analysis of interferometric data at different scales reveals that a significant fraction (∼40%) of the molecular gas is extended over large scales (≥8 kpc) in the disk, and this fraction becomes predominant in the tail (∼70%). By comparing the molecular gas surface density with the star formation rate surface density derived from the Hα emission from MUSE data, we find that the depletion time on 1 kpc scale is particularly large (5–10 Gyr) both within the ram-pressure-disturbed region in the stellar disk and in the complexes along the tail.
Line Formation of Raman-scattered He ii λ 4851 in an Expanding Spherical H i Shell in Young Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Choi Bo-Eun , Chang Seok-Jun , Lee Ho-Gyu , Lee Hee-Won 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We investigate line formation of Raman-scattered He ii at 4851 Å in an expanding neutral, spherical shell that surrounds a point-like He ii source located at the center. A new grid-based Monte Carlo code is used to take into consideration the H i density variation along each photon path. In the case of a monochromatic He ii emission source, the resultant line profiles are characterized by an asymmetric double-peak structure with a tertiary peak and a significant red tail that may extend to the line centers of He ii
λ4859 and Hβ. The peak separation corresponds to the expansion velocity, which we consider is in the range 20–40 km s−1 in this work. Tertiary red peaks are formed as a result of multiple Rayleigh reflections at the inner surface of a hollow, spherical shell of H i. Due to a sharp increase of scattering cross section near resonance, the overall Raman conversion efficiency is significantly enhanced as the expansion speed increases. In the case of a He ii line source with a Gaussian line profile with an FWHM of 30–70 km s−1, we obtain distorted redward profiles that are due to the increasing redward cross section of H i. A simple application to the young planetary nebula IC 5117 is consistent with a neutral shell expanding with a speed ∼30 km s−1.
Introduction of case-based learning aided by WhatsApp messenger in pathology teaching for medical students
Authors: Grover S , Garg B , Sood N 
Published: January 2020

Aims:The present study was carried out for comparative evaluation of case-based learning (CBL) aided with WhatsApp and didactic lectures (DL) while teaching a pathology topic to second-year medical students. In addition, the acceptability of WhatsApp as an aid to CBL was assessed.Material and Methods:After obtaining informed consent, 70 second-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students were exposed to six sessions of CBL aided by case scenarios for one set of topics of anemia posted on WhatsApp groups. This was followed by six sessions of DL for separate set of topics in anemia. The multiple-choice questions (MCQ) test scores obtained pre and postintervention, of CBL and DL sessions, were compared to pairedt-test (within the groups) and Student'st-test (between the groups). Categorical data were analyzed using Chi-square (χ2) test. Student's self-administered questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect student perceptions and analyzed quantitatively, as well as qualitatively.Results:The mean MCQ scores obtained postintervention in CBL topics were significantly higher compared to DL (22.78 ± 2.99 vs 17.78 ± 3.35;P< 0.001). Students perceived that CBL enhanced their curiosity; hence, the acquired knowledge through various resources was retained better. It enhanced their analytical skills and interest in learning pathology. In FGDs, the students appreciated the use of WhatsApp as an aid to CBL for its ease of sharing scenario-related additional information and prior discussions among themselves in chat groups at their convenience.Conclusion:CBL aided by WhatsApp helped students acquire knowledge, discuss and learn actively, score more, and retain better than DL. Using WhatsApp as a platform helped them to interact at their ease and seek guidance from their mentors without resistance and hesitation.
Teaching Justice Aesthetically: Dwelling in Japanese American Art and Religion
Authors: Goto Courtney T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Enfolding Silence is a sociological study of how Japanese Americans have developed various art forms to cope with, resist, and transform traumatic experiences of racism, including the mass, unlawful internment of nearly 120,000 people of Japanese descent during World War II. By examining an extended ethnographic case study, educators and students can reflect on how a community teaches aesthetically across generations, as one generation traumatized by racism teaches what matters culturally, aesthetically, and spiritually to the next. The author (Brett J. Esaki) analyzes four Japanese American art forms—gardening, origami, jazz, and monuments—in terms of what he calls “non-binary silence.” Esaki uses the metaphor of silence as a tool to enable readers to grasp the complexity of Japanese American art, showing how art has facilitated one community to be and become more authentic and whole in the face of adversity. For scholars and students of aesthetic education, this volume raises awareness of assumptions about silence and space, as it expands preconceived, common notions of these terms. It fosters appreciation for the pedagogic richness of art forms that are familiar to many, placing them in historical, religious, cultural, and political perspective. Finally, the book illumines the role of art in resisting oppression, providing rich cases that can be mined for implications for aesthetic education.
A randomized, crossover trial comparing the efficacy and safety of fesoterodine and extended-release oxybutynin in children with overactive bladder with 12-month extension on fesoterodine: The FOXY study
Authors: Ramsay Sophie , Naud Élizabeth , Simonyan David , Moore Katherine , Bolduc Stéphane 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: We sought to assess and compare safety and efficacy of fesoterodine and oxybutynin extended-release in the treatment of pediatric overactive bladder (OAB).
Methods: We conducted a non-inferiority, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial comparing fesoterodine 4–8 mg and oxybutynin 10–20 mg QD in children with OAB aged 5–14 years (2015–2018). Every child received the first medication for eight weeks, followed by crossover to the second antimuscarinic after a three-days washout. Dose up-titration was possible at mid-course. Patients could enter a fesoterodine 12-month extension. Endpoints were assessed through changes on voiding diaries, Patient’s Perception of Bladder Condition score (PPBC), adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiogram, post-void residual, urinalysis, and blood tests. The Wilcoxon rank sum and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 62 patients were randomized (two early dropouts). Expected class effects (dry mouth/constipation) were present but no significant difference was observed. There was a 10.1 beats/minute increase in heart rate with fesoterodine (p<0.01) (oxybutynin -1.9 beats/min; p=ns). No life-threatening or serious adverse events occurred. Efficacy was similar for both drugs. Bladder capacity improved over the 16 months of the study; baseline capacity of 125 mL (44.5% expected bladder capacity for age [%EBC]) to 171 mL (53.9%EBC) at the end of the extension phase. No clinical or statistical difference was shown between efficacy measures for fesoterodine or oxybutynin.
Conclusions: The use of fesoterodine or oxybutynin appears as safe and effective for the treatment of OAB in children. Based on our study, long-term treatment to achieve the ultimate goal of urinary continence is needed in this population.
A drug-coated balloon treatment for urethral stricture disease: Interim results from the ROBUST I study
Authors: Virasoro Ramon , DeLong Jessica , Mann Rachel , Estrella Rafael , Pichardo Merycarla , Rodriguez Lay Ramon , Espino Gustavo , Roth Joshua , Elliott Sean 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the safety and preliminary efficacy of the OptilumeTM paclitaxel-coated balloon for the treatment of recurrent urethral stricture.
Methods: Men with bulbar urethral strictures ≤2 cm with 1–4 prior endoscopic treatments were enrolled at four study sites after Ethics Committee approvals. All subjects were treated with mechanical balloon dilation or direct visualization internal urethrotomy prior to drug-coated balloon treatment. Patients were evaluated at 2–5 days, 14 days, three, six, and 12-months post-treatment. The primary safety endpoint was serious complications through 90 days post-procedure. The preliminary efficacy endpoint was anatomic success, defined as urethral lumen ≥14 Fr at 12 months.
Results: A total of 53 subjects were enrolled and treated; 46 completed the 12-month followup. Forty-three percent of men had undergone >1 previous dilation; the mean for the overall study population was 1.7 prior dilations. There were no serious adverse events related to the treatment within 90 days. Anatomic success was achieved in 32/46 (70%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 54–82%) at 12 months. The 14 failures included seven cystoscopic recurrences, five retreatments, and two patients who exited the study early due to symptom recurrence.
Conclusions: One-year data indicates the OptilumeTM paclitaxel-coated balloon is safe for the treatment of recurrent bulbar urethral strictures. Early efficacy results are encouraging and support further followup of these men through five years, as well as further investigation with a randomized trial.
The long-term outcomes of Gleason grade groups 2 and 3 prostate cancer managed by active surveillance: Results from a large population-based cohort
Authors: Richard Patrick O. , Timilshina Narhari , Komisarenko Maria , Martin Lisa , Ahmad Ardalan , Alibhai Shabbir M.H. , Hamilton Robert J. , Kulkarni Girish , Finelli Antonio 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Active surveillance (AS) is an accepted management strategy for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), but its role in the management of favorable intermediate-risk PCa remains controversial. Most reports studying the role of AS for these men generally lack long-term followup and include small numbers of patients. Our objective was to report the outcomes of men diagnosed with Gleason grade groups (GGG) 2 and 3 PCa who were managed expectantly.
Methods: Using administrative datasets and pathology reports, we identified all men who were diagnosed with GGG 2 and 3 PCa and managed expectantly between 2002 and 2011 in Ontario, Canada. Outcomes and associated factors were estimated using cumulative incidence function methods and multivariable Cox regression models, respectively.
Results: We identified 926 men who were managed expectantly (AS [n=374] or watchful waiting [n=552]). The eight-year cancer-specific survival was 94% and 89% for the AS and watchful waiting cohorts, respectively. Among AS men, 266 (71%) received treatment after a followup of approximately eight years. Cumulative AS discontinuation rates at one and five years were 30.5% and 65.1%, respectively.
Conclusions: Expectant management of GGG 2 and 3 PCa may be an option for certain men. Notably for AS patients, the cancer-specific mortality at eight years was 6%, and over 65% of men underwent treatment within five years. Further studies are required to evaluate which patients, based on disease-specific features and competing health risks, would benefit the most from a conservative strategy.
Boca a boca negativo nas mídias sociais e o comportamento do consumidor: estudo com pais de alunos de escolas particulares de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Bastos Alessandra Mesquita , Mesquita Jose Marcos Carvalho de , Botrel Ana Maria Martuscelli , Dias Alexandre Teixeira 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a influência da comunicação boca a boca negativa nas mídias sociais sobre o comportamento de consumo. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, com abordagem descritiva. A amostra foi composta por pais de alunos de escolas particulares de Belo Horizonte. Os dados foram analisados por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais, método PLS. Originalidade/Relevância: a relevância da pesquisa se baseia no fato de que existem muitos trabalhos abordando comunicação boca a boca, mas poucos especificamente sobre boca a boca negativo, contemplando também os efeitos moderadores dos custos de mudança. Resultados: os resultados confirmam que o boca a boca negativo reduz a intenção de compra e a lealdade atitudinal e apenas os custos de mudança processuais são capazes de reduzir esse efeito. Contribuições teóricas: apesar de parecerem lógicas, as relações precisam ser testadas empiricamente, especialmente devido à cadeia monológica proposta, que incluiu os efeitos moderadores dos custos de mudança, desenho pouco usual em pesquisas de marketing. Portanto, comprovar que o boca a boca negativo reduz tanto a intenção de compra quanto a lealdade atitudinal constitui uma contribuição teórica. Ademais, atestar que os custos de mudança não são capazes de reduzir os efeitos da boca a boca negativo também se traduz em uma contribuição teórica. Contribuições para a gestão: ressalta-se a importância de as organizações acompanharem de perto os comentários nas mídias sociais feitos por seus clientes. Evitar que falhas aconteçam e, principalmente, que os clientes manifestem publicamente suas insatisfações, torna-se fundamental para as empresas atualmente.
Seeded word-of-mouth marketing strategy: mapping and analysis of a network of political supporters
Authors: Dias Fagner Oliveira , Reyes Jr Edgar , Saab Flávio 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To analyze how a structure-based seeding strategy can improve word-of-mouth marketing efficiency in proportional elections.Methodology: This study is quantitative and qualitative. In the quantitative phase, an egocentric social network analysis (SNA) of a candidate was conducted. Using Bonacich's degree, intermediation and power centralities, the study identified, then interviewed nine seed actors, which through the snowball technique, led to the identification of 31 other interviewees and the formation of a total network of 232 actors. In the qualitative phase, the reasons for supporting ego and alters as well as their preceding characteristics were analyzed using report content analysis.Originality / Relevance: This is a study of the characteristics of the actors along with their centrality in the strategy of seeding, spreading and maintaining the reputation of the political actor, especially candidates for proportional elections.Results: The characteristics of the most central supporters within the network reflect the bonds of trust built and deposited in the candidate, with ideology and friendship being the most prone to a more effective word-of-mouth marketing. The precedents for commitment and perceived value of word-of-mouth propensity were also verified.Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: This study includes the discussion of proportional elections in electoral marketing, highlighting the power of supporters through analysis of social network marketing. It also contributes to the analysis of the characteristics of actors in the effectiveness of seeding strategy in word-of-mouth marketing.Contributions to Management: The candidate may adopt a seeding strategy in his campaign, thereby promoting effectiveness in resource allocation, while allowing the supporter to understand the difference of his role as a supporter.
Análise bibliométrica da produção científica brasileira sobre Dipteryx odorata no período de 2009 a 2018
Authors: Portela João Gabriel Almeida , Pauletto Daniela 
Published: January 2020

A Dipteryx odorata é uma espécie nativa da Amazônia e conhecida popularmente como cumaru. Sua madeira é de alta densidade e é bastante utilizada na construção civil e naval. O fruto do cumaru apresenta uma semente de onde se extrai o óleo da cumarina. O óleo é utilizado como fixador de essências e é largamente utilizada com este propósito na indústria de cosméticos. O presente trabalho realizou uma revisão bibliométrica sobre a espécie Dipteryx odorata nos últimos 10 anos (2009 a 2018) com a finalidade de avaliar a ênfase e dinâmica de publicações a respeito da espécie. Para a pesquisa foram usadas as seguintes palavras-chaves: 'Dipteryx odorata, cumaru e cumaru-ferro', onde posteriormente foi aplicado a filtragem de busca por anos e por país se obtendo uma amostragem de 60 publicações que citavam alguma das palavras-chaves. Como principais resultados verificou que houve um aumento de publicações com o passar dos anos no período de estudo. A maior quantidade de artigos que citavam o cumaru se encaixava na área de conhecimento de silvicultura e manejo. O Pará é o estado que lidera com o número de publicações sobre o cumaru enquanto que a Embrapa é a instituição de pesquisa que mais publicou a respeito da espécie.