bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemosensitization of Therapy Resistant Tumors: Targeting Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways by Lupeol, A Pentacyclic Triterpene
Authors: Maurya Santosh K. , Shadab G.G.H.A. , Siddique Hifzur R. 
Published: January 2020

Background:The resistance of cancer cells to different therapies is one of the major stumbling blocks for successful cancer treatment. Various natural and pharmaceuticals drugs are unable to control drug-resistance cancer cell's growth. Also, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several side effects and cannot apply to the patient in excess. In this context, chemosensitization to the therapy-resistant cells by non-toxic phytochemicals could be an excellent alternative to combat therapy-resistant cancers.Objective:To review the currently available literature on chemosensitization of therapy resistance cancers by Lupeol for clinically approved drugs through targeting different cell signaling pathways.Methods:We reviewed relevant published articles in PubMed and other search engines from 1999 to 2019 to write this manuscript. The key words used for the search were “Lupeol and Cancer”, “Lupeol and Chemosensitization”, “Lupeol and Cell Signaling Pathways”, “Cancer Stem Cells and Lupeol” etc. The published results on the chemosensitization of Lupeol were compared and discussed.Results:Lupeol chemosensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells for clinically approved drugs. Lupeol alone or in combination with approved drugs inhibits inflammation in different cancer cells through modulation of expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Lupeol, through altering the expression levels of BCL-2, BAX, Survivin, FAS, Caspases, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, significantly induce cell deaths among therapy-resistant cells. Lupeol also modulates the molecules involved in cell cycle regulation such as Cyclins, CDKs, P53, P21, and PCNA in different cancer types.Conclusion:Lupeol chemosensitizes the therapy-resistant cancer cells for the treatment of various clinically approved drugs via modulating different signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance cancer. Thus, Lupeol might be used as an adjuvant molecule along with clinically approved drugs to reduce the toxicity and increase the effectiveness.
Icariin Stimulates hFOB 1.19 Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation via OPG/RANKL Mediated by the Estrogen Receptor
Authors: Sun Lin-Jun , Li Chong , Wen Xiang-hao , Guo Lu , Guo Zi-Fen , Liao Lan-qing , Guo Yu 
Published: January 2020

Background::
Icariin (ICA), one of the main effective components isolated from the traditional
Chinese herb Epimedium brevicornu Maxim., has been reported to possess extensive pharmacological
actions, including enhanced sexual function, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, and antiosteoporosis.

Methods::
Our study was designed to investigate the effect of ICA on cell proliferation and differentiation
and the molecular mechanism of OPG/RANKL mediated by the Estrogen Receptor (ER) in
hFOB1.19 human osteoblast cells.

Results::
The experimental results show that ICA can stimulate cell proliferation and increase the activity
of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Osteocalcin (BGP) and I Collagen (Col I) and a number of calcified
nodules. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of OPG and RANKL and the OPG/
RANKL mRNA and protein expression ratios were upregulated by ICA. The above-mentioned results
indicated that the optimal concentration of ICA for stimulating osteogenesis was 50ng/mL. Subsequent
mechanistic studies comparing 50ng/mL ICA with an estrogen receptor antagonist demonstrated that
the effect of the upregulated expression is connected with the estrogen receptor. In conclusion, ICA
can regulate bone formation by promoting cell proliferation and differentiation and upregulating the
OPG/RANKL expression ratio by the ER in hFOB1.19 human osteoblast cells.
Freeze-Dried Clopidogrel Loaded Lyotropic Liquid Crystal: Box-Behnken Optimization, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Hakeem Eman A. , El-Mahrouk Galal M. , Abdelbary Ghada , Teaima Mahmoud H. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Clopidogrel (CLP) suffers from extensive first pass metabolism results in a
negative impact on its oral systemic bioavailability. Cubosomes are Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline (LLC)
nano-systems comprising monoolein, a steric stabilizer and an aqueous system, it considered a promising
carrier for different pharmaceutical compounds. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) is an efficient tool for
process analysis and optimization skipping forceful treatment combinations.

Objective:
The study was designed to develop freeze-dried clopidogrel loaded LLC (cubosomes) for
enhancement of its oral bioavailability.

Methods:
A 33 BBD was adopted, the studied independent factors were glyceryl monooleate (GMO
lipid phase), Pluronic F127 (PL F127steric stabilizer) and polyvinyl alcohol powder (stabilizer). Particle
Size (PS), Polydispersity Index (PDI) and Zeta Potential (ZP) were set as independent response variables.
Seventeen formulae were prepared in accordance with the bottom up approach and in-vitro evaluated
regarding PS, PDI and ZP. Statistical analysis and optimization were achieved using design expert
software®, then the optimum suggested formula was prepared, in-vitro revaluated, freeze-dried with 3%
mannitol (cryoprotectant), solid state characterized and finally packed in hard gelatin capsule for comparative
in-vitro release and in-vivo evaluation to Plavix®.

Results:
Results of statistical analysis of each individual response revealed a quadratic model for PS
and PDI where a linear model for ZP. The optimum suggested formula with desirability factor equal
0.990 consisting of (200 mg GMO, 78.15 mg PL F127 and 2% PVA). LC/MS/MS study confirmed
significant higher C>max, AUC>0-24h and AUC>0-∞ than that of Plavix®.

Conclusion:
The results confirm the capability of developed carrier to overcome the low oral bioavailability.
Comparative Analysis of Classification Methods with PCA and LDA for Diabetes
Authors: Choubey Dilip Kumar , Kumar Manish , Shukla Vaibhav , Tripathi Sudhakar , Dhandhania Vinay Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Background:The modern society is extremely prone to many life-threatening diseases, which can be easily controlled as well as cured if diagnosed at an early stage. The development and implementation of a disease diagnostic system have gained huge popularity over the years. In the current scenario, there are certain factors such as environment, sedentary lifestyle, genetic (hereditary) are the major factors behind the life threatening diseases such as ‘diabetes.’ Moreover, diabetes has achieved the status of the modern man’s leading chronic disease. So one of the prime needs of this generation is to develop a state-of-the-art expert system which can predict diabetes at a very early stage with a minimum of complexity and in an expedited manner. The primary objective of this work is to develop an indigenous and efficient diagnostic technique for detection of diabetes.Method & Discussion:The proposed methodology comprises of two phases: In the first phase The Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIDD) has been collected from the UCI machine learning repository databases and Localized Diabetes Dataset (LDD) has been gathered from Bombay Medical Hall, Upper Bazar Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. In the second phase, the dataset has been processed through two different approaches. The first approach entails classification through Adaboost, Classification via Regression (CVR), Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) on Pima Indian Diabetes Dataset and Localized Diabetes Dataset. In the second approach, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) have been applied as a feature reduction method followed by using the same set of classification methods used in the first approach. Among all of the implemented classification methods, PCA_CVR achieves the maximum performance for both the above mentioned datasets.Conclusion:In this article, comparative analysis of outcomes obtained by with and without the use of PCA and LDA for the same set of classification method has been done w.r.t performance assessment. Finally, it has been concluded that PCA & LDA both are useful to remove the insignificant features, decreasing the expense and computation time while improving the ROC and accuracy. The used methodology may similarly be applied to other medical diseases.
Synthesis of Non-Toxic Fe2(WO4)3 Photocatalyst with Efficient Performance
Authors: Aslam Imran , Saqib Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad W. , Boddula Rajender , Mahmood Tariq , Ghani Usman 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Environmental pollution has become a worldwide problem. In this regard,
decontamination of wastewater and removal of organic pollutants from environment by photocatalysis
has emerged as one of the most promising techniques from the last few decades.

Objective :
In order to degrade the harmful pollutants from wastewater, highly efficient non-toxic
Fe2(WO4)3 photocatalyst was synthesized via co precipitation method. The photocatalytic activity of
the as-synthesized material was examined by degrading methylene blue (MB) under various conditions.

Methods:
For this purpose, different experimental parameters such as catalyst load, model compound
concentration, H2O2 percentage and pH value were adjusted for excellent degradation of MB, and response
surface methodology (RSM) along with central composite design (CCD) as adequate model
was employed for optimization process.

Results:
The experimental results revealed that 1.2 g/L of catalyst load, 10 g/L for dye concentration,
0.5% of H2O2 and pH 7 were found to be the optimized values for the aforesaid parameters. The optimized
values led to 93% degradation of MB under UV light exposure. In addition, toxicological
studies were analysed using various bioassays for both, untreated and treated samples and a conspicuous
reduction (69.12%) in the toxicity level was observed.

Conclusion:
The study signifies that this method is useful for reclamation of water, making it useful
for industry and irrigation.
Challenging MXene-based Nanomaterials and Composite Membranes for Water Treatment
Authors: Wang Ling , Xu Zehai , Fu Delong , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The development of new emerging nanomaterials for water treatment has attracted more and more interests recently. MXenes is a generic term for a series of new two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and carbonitrides materials which have graphene-like structure. As a new type of 2D lamellar nanomaterial, many researches have focused on the design and synthesis of MXene-based nanomaterials owing to their large number of inter-layer void with the two-dimensional stacking structure, large specific surface area, rich and adjustable surface functional groups and strong hydrophilicity. On account of their unique properties, related discussion and potential of 2D MXenes nanomaterials for membrane separation and water treatment applications are provided.

Objective:
The goal of this paper is to review new emerging 2D MXenes nanomaterials for the fabrication of various composite membranes and related applications for water treatment.

Method:
In this review, the design and synthesis of MXene-based composite membranes for water treatment was extensively discussed.

Results:
Membrane separation technology is an effective approach for solving water pollution problem due to its low energy consumption, environment friendly and easy operation. MXene-based membranes with different molecular sieving behaviors for small organic molecules and ions and corresponding applications in water purification and desalination were discussed.

Conclusion:
Although composite membranes constructed by 2D MXenes nanomaterials can be prepared to achieve high water flux and satisfactory rejection, most researches focused on the exploration of membrane formation with multi-layered compound or few-layered MXenes. In the near future, the functional properties of the MXene itself should be paid more attention for development of various novel membranes.
Serum Levels of Granulocyte-Macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor and Stem-cell Factor During Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Humans
Authors: Fiume Diego , Lenci Ilaria , Milana Martina , Manzia Tommaso M. , Massoud Renato , Tariciotti Laura , Russo Carmelo , Toti Luca , Baiocchi Leonardo 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Multiple biological functions have been recognized regarding Granulocyte
Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Stem Cell Factor (SCF).

Aim:
To evaluate the serum changes of GM-CSF and SCF in patients undergoing surgical resection
for liver tumor, in the regenerative phase after surgery in order to identify the possible relationship
with the patient, tumor or surgical variables.

Methods:
Thirty-two consecutive patients (50% male, median age 66), undergoing hepatic resection
of liver neoplasm, were evaluated. The liver tumor was Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in 44% of
cases. Other tumors were cholangiocarcinoma and metastasis. Serum levels of GM-CSF and SCF
were assessed at baseline and 2 days, 7 days and 4 weeks after surgery. Personal and clinical patient
data were also recorded. The statistical analysis was carried out using t-test for unpaired data or
ANOVA (repeated measure) for continuous variables and Fisher test for discrete variables.

Results:
GM-CSF levels remained constant after surgery and were compared to baseline values. SCF
levels, on the other hand, increased during the time, after surgery. The evaluation of SCF levels (fold
increase) according to surgical, patient and tumor variables evidenced some differences. At day 7 and
week 4, SCF levels were statistically increased: i) in patients undergoing a large resection in comparison
with others (p<0.05); ii) in patients non-cirrhotic in comparison with cirrhotic ones (p=0.02) and
finally; iii) in patients with non-HCC tumor in comparison with HCC ones (p=0.02).

Conclusions:
During liver regeneration in humans, SCF serum levels are increased allowing to hypothesize
a possible role of this chemokine during tissue growth and remodeling.
Recurrence of FSGS after Kidney Transplantation in Adults
Authors: Uffing Audrey , Pérez-Sáez Maria José , Mazzali Marilda , Manfro Roberto C. , Bauer Andrea Carla , de Sottomaior Drumond Frederico , O’Shaughnessy Michelle M. , Cheng Xingxing S. , Chin Kuo-Kai , Ventura Carlucci G. , Agena Fabiana , David-Neto Elias , Mansur Juliana B. , Kirsztajn Gianna Mastroianni , Tedesco-Silva Helio , Neto Gilberto M.V. , Arias-Cabrales Carlos , Buxeda Anna , Bugnazet Mathilde , Jouve Thomas , Malvezzi Paolo , Akalin Enver , Alani Omar , Agrawal Nikhil , La Manna Gaetano , Comai Giorgia , Bini Claudia , Muhsin Saif A. , Riella Miguel Carlos , Hokazono Silvia R. , Farouk Samira S. , Haverly Meredith , Mothi Suraj Sarvode , Berger Stefan P. , Cravedi Paolo , Riella Leonardo V. 
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives
FSGS recurrence after kidney transplantation is a major risk factor for graft loss. However, the natural history, clinical predictors, and response to treatment remain unclear because of small sample sizes and poor generalizability of single-center studies, and disease misclassification in registry-based studies. We therefore aimed to determine the incidence, predictors, and treatment response of recurrent FSGS in a large cohort of kidney transplant recipients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The Post-Transplant Glomerular Disease (TANGO) project is an observational, multicenter, international cohort study that aims to investigate glomerular disease recurrence post-transplantation. Transplant recipients were screened for the diagnosis of idiopathic FSGS between 2005 and 2015 and details were recorded about the transplant, clinical outcomes, treatments, and other risk factors.

Results
Among 11,742 kidney transplant recipients screened for FSGS, 176 had a diagnosis of idiopathic FSGS and were included. FSGS recurred in 57 patients (32%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 25% to 39%) and 39% of them lost their graft over a median of 5 (interquartile range, 3.0–8.1) years. Multivariable Cox regression revealed a higher risk for recurrence with older age at native kidney disease onset (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37 per decade; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.56). Other predictors were white race (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.22), body mass index at transplant (HR, 0.89 per kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.95), and native kidney nephrectomies (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.16 to 6.57). Plasmapheresis and rituximab were the most frequent treatments (81%). Partial or complete remission occurred in 57% of patients and was associated with better graft survival.

Conclusions
Idiopathic FSGS recurs post-transplant in one third of cases and is associated with a five-fold higher risk of graft loss. Response to treatment is associated with significantly better outcomes but is achieved in only half of the cases.
Una fundamentación universalita de los derechos humanos
Authors: Silva Mendoza Rogelio 
Published: January 2020

El artículo pretende establecer el contexto teórico general para propiciar una discusión en torno a la apremiante tarea de fundamentar los derechos humanos desde un criterio universalista. Se intentará proveer a los derechos humanos de una justificación teórica universal más allá de la que contiene su simple enunciación como derechos universales. Se recurre a la filosofía normativa kantiana, que es un paradigma del análisis de los enunciados con contenido normativo, para acometer el propósito de dotar a los derechos humanos de una fundamentación propiamente normativa, es decir, en su contenido intrínseco como normas. Una fundamentación en sentido universalista es aquella que tiene su fuerza vinculante en el contenido de la norma en sí misma, en su estructura lógica.
A recepção do duty to mitigate the loss no direito brasileiro
Authors: Martins José Eduardo Figueiredo de Andrade 
Published: January 2020

RESUMOEste artigo trata da recepção do duty to mitigate the loss no direito brasileiro, como uma solução para o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro do problema da inobservância da mitigação pelo credor em face de um inadimplemento, seja evitando ou minimizando o seu prejuízo quando este é considerado evitável. Desenvolve-se a hipótese de que é possível incorporar o duty to mitigate the loss como um desdobramento do princípio da boa-fé objetiva, como um delimitador do exercício de direitos subjetivos que se irradia por todo o ordenamento jurídico. Para tanto, é realizada uma revisão de suas origens no direito romano e no sistema de common law para que, a seguir, sejam estabelecidos os pressupostos de sua existência no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, propondo ainda a criação de uma regra de aferição da razoabilidade. Ao final, são apontados os dispositivos legais já presentes no direito brasileiro que contêm a norma de mitigação.PALAVRAS-CHAVEDireito privado. Duty to mitigate the loss. Boa-fé. Responsabilidade contratual. ABSTRACTThis article regards the reception of duty to mitigate the loss in Brazilian law, as a solution to the Brazilian legal system of the problem of non-compliance with mitigation by the creditor in the face of breach, either avoiding or minimizing its damage when it is considered avoidable. It develops the hypothesis that it is possible to incorporate duty to mitigate the loss as an offshoot of the principle of objective good faith, as a delimiter of the exercise of subjective rights that radiates throughout the legal system. To this end, a review of its origins in Roman law and in the common law system is carried out so that, subsequently, the presuppositions of its existence in the Brazilian legal system are established, proposing the creation of a reasonability measurement rule. At the end, the legal provisions already present in Brazilian law that contain the mitigation rule are pointed out.KEYWORDSPrivate law. Duty to mitigate the loss. Good faith. Contractual liability.
End-User Adoption of Bitcoin in South Africa
Authors: Jankeeparsad Raphael Warren , Tewari Dev 
Published: January 2020

Since its introduction in 2008, the value and popularity of Bitcoin have risen exponentially. Despite being 10 years old, the concept of crypto currency is fairly new in South Africa. The increase in the value of Bitcoin, together with extensive media coverage, has led to the creation of a Bitcoin economic system with many South Africans jumping on the Bitcoin bandwagon. This study aims to identify the determinants affecting end-user adoption of Bitcoin in South Africa and to determine the main use of the crypto currency by South Africans. A research model was developed utilising constructs from the technology acceptance model and theory of planned behaviour. The model was then tested empirically by utilising two survey-based questionnaires, one for current users of Bitcoin and one for non-users. For users, perceived usefulness and access to facilitating conditions were the primary determinants influencing their decision to adopt the crypto currency while lack of trust and social influences were the primary reasons non-users chose not to adopt Bitcoin.
Pengaruh Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Inventory Turnover dan Return on Equity Terhadap Price Earning Ratio
Authors: Odelia Thio Kori Karunia , Wibowo Bonifatius Junianto 
Published: January 2020

This research was conducted to examine the effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Inventory Turnover and Return on Equity on Price Earning Ratio at the automotive industries in Indonesia. The samples of this research were 12 automotive industry companies which go public. The data of this research was secondary data, which obtained from financial statement of 12 automotive industry companies. Those data was collected from www.idx.co.id. Then, The data was analysed by multiple linear regression techniques with the t test. The result shows that the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Inventory Turnover and Return on Equity variables have no effect on Price Earning Ratio. It means that Price Earning Ratio is not determined by Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Inventory Turnover and Return on Equity, but by other factors such as business costs, economic and monetary conditions.
Antioxidant action of phenols: Revisiting theoretical calculations of their thermodynamics
Authors: Biela Monika , Pelikánová Bernadeta , Michalík Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Theoretical prediction ability of M06-2X functional was tested for thermodynamics of phenol, 15 para and 15 meta phenol derivatives. Calculations were done for gas phase as well as for polar and nonpolar solvents. Although predicted values might be shifted from the experimental ones in the framework of the employed DFT functional and basis set, the calculated and experimental data sets correlate well together. Very good linearity was found especially for the correlation of experimental and theoretical proton affinities. Hammett type correlations between the environments considered were compared. The phenolic C—O bond length was also tested as an alternative substituent effect descriptor while the type and position of the functional group on the aromatic ring have a direct effect on the phenolic bond.
Neural network based explicit MPC for chemical reactor control
Authors: Kiš Karol , Klaučo Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, implementation of deep neural networks applied in process control is presented. In our approach, training of the neural network is based on model predictive control, which is popular for its ability to be tuned by the weighting matrices and for it respecting the system constraints. A neural network that can approximate the MPC behavior by mimicking the control input trajectory while the constraints on states and control input remain unimpaired by the weighting matrices is introduced. This approach is demonstrated in a simulation case study involving a continuous stirred tank reactor where a multi-component chemical reaction takes place.