bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-coercivity magnetic minerals in archaeological baked clay and bricks
Authors: Kosterov Andrei , Kovacheva Mary , Kostadinova-Avramova Maria , Minaev Pavel , Salnaia Natalia , Surovitskii Leonid , Yanson Svetlana , Sergienko Elena , Kharitonskii Petr 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYThe thorough understanding of magnetic mineralogy is a prerequisite of any successful palaeomagnetic or archaeomagnetic study. Magnetic minerals in archaeological ceramics and baked clay may be inherited from the parent material or, more frequently, formed during the firing process. The resulting magnetic mineralogy may be complex, including ferrimagnetic phases not commonly encountered in rocks. Towards this end, we carried out a detailed rock magnetic study on a representative collection of archaeological ceramics (baked clay from combustion structures and bricks) from Bulgaria and Russia. Experiments included measurement of isothermal remanence acquisition and demagnetization as a function of temperature between 20 and &gt;600 °C. For selected samples, low-temperature measurements of saturation remanence and initial magnetic susceptibility between 1.8 and 300 K have been carried out. All studied samples contain a magnetically soft mineral identified as maghemite probably substituted by Ti, Mn and/or Al. Stoichiometric magnetite has never been observed, as evidenced by the absence of the Verwey phase transition. In addition, one or two magnetically hard mineral phases have been detected, differing sharply in their respective unblocking temperatures. One of these unblocking between 540 and 620 °C is believed to be substituted hematite. Another phase unblocks at much lower temperatures, between 140 and 240 °C, and its magnetic properties correspond to an enigmatic high coercivity, stable, low-unblocking temperature (HCSLT) phase reported earlier. In a few samples, high- and low unblocking temperature, magnetically hard phases appear to coexist; in the others, the HCSLT phase is the only magnetically hard mineral present.
Parenting style as longitudinal predictor of adolescents’ health behaviors in Lebanon
Authors: Hayek Joyce , Tueni Maya , Schneider Francine , de Vries Hein 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This prospective study aimed to examine how parenting style relates to health behaviors and body mass index of Lebanese adolescents while checking for interactive effect of child characteristics (age and gender). About 341 students from private and public schools in Mount Lebanon and Beirut area, aged between 16 and 18 years, completed a self-administered survey assessing socio-demographics, parenting styles and health behaviors. Adolescents were surveyed at two time points, six months apart. Anthropometric measurements were also taken. Authoritative parenting was associated with better outcomes compared to the neglectful style. Adolescents raised with an authoritative style had higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and lower consumption of alcohol intake. Parenting style was a significant predictor of eating behavior and alcohol intake of Lebanese adolescent. Interventions aiming at improving health behaviors should also encompass healthy parenting style strategies.
Identifying assessment scales for food web criteria in the NE Atlantic: implications for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Authors: Machado I , Teixeira C M , Costa J L , Cabral H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The implementation of food web criteria in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive context faces several difficulties, namely the lack of data for relevant taxa, the absence of operational indicators, and spatially and temporally limited datasets. This work aims to identify ecologically relevant scales in the Celtic Seas (CS) and the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast (BBIC). Four food web criteria—mean trophic level (MTL), mean trophic level with cut-offs (MTL_3.25 and MTL_4), large fish indicator (LFI) and mean abundance across trophic guild (MATG)—were assessed using groundfish data and tested using generalized additive models, for six spatial scales and four temporal scales. In both subregions, MTL required yearly and locally defined assessment scales. As for MTL_3.25, it improved significantly when downsizing spatial scales but was temporally consistent. In the CS, locally defined scales and yearly data explained MTL_4 and LFI. While in BBIC, MTL_4 and LFI patterns were defined spatially by region and depth and temporally by year. MATG variability was unaffected by scales. Using the scales identified, food web criteriawere assessed for the Portuguese continental waters. Criteria failed to achieve Good Environmental Status in areas of the Southwest and South of Portugal. Although downsizing scales revealed that criteria were below the threshold at local/regional level, differences in classification are expected to be limited if spatial assessments are aggregated.
Early-childhood cytomegalovirus infection and children’s neurocognitive development
Authors: Lee Samantha M , Mitchell Ruth , Knight Julia A , Mazzulli Tony , Relton Caroline , Khodayari Moez Elham , Hung Rayjean J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite a clear association seen in congenitally infected children, the effect of postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during early childhood on cognitive development has not yet been determined.MethodsCMV-infection status was obtained based on serological measurements when children were 7 years old. Using population-based longitudinal data, we employed multivariate Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator to characterize the relationship between childhood CMV infection and adverse neurocognitive outcomes in children. Suboptimal neurocognitive outcomes were compared between CMV-positive and CMV-negative children using various cognitive assessments from 8 to 15 years of age. Children were evaluated on the cognitive domains of language, reading, memory and general intelligence, with a suboptimal score being &gt;2 standard deviations lower than the mean score. Approximate Bayes factor (ABF) analysis was used to determine the level of evidence for the observed associations.ResultsWith adjustment for potential confounders, we observed that early-childhood CMV infection was associated with suboptimal total intelligence quotient (IQ) at 8 years of age [incidence-rate ratio (IRR) = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–4.62, ABF = 0.08], but not with suboptimal total IQ at 15 years of age (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.43–2.19, ABF = 1.68). Suboptimal attentional control at 8 years (IRR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.13–2.68, ABF = 0.18) and reading comprehension at 9 years (IRR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.12–3.33, ABF = 0.24) were also associated with CMV infection. ABF analysis provided strong evidence for the association between CMV infection and total IQ at 8 years, and only anecdotal evidence for attentional control at 8 years and reading comprehension at 9 years. All other cognitive measures assessed were not associated with CMV infection.ConclusionIn this large-scale prospective cohort, we observed some evidence for adverse neurocognitive effects of postnatal CMV infection on general intelligence during early childhood, although not with lasting effect. If confirmed, these results could support the implementation of preventative measures to combat postnatal CMV infection.
One-Bipolar Topologically Slice Knots and Primary Decomposition
Authors: Kim Min Hoon , Kim Se-Goo , Kim Taehee 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Let $\{{\mathcal{T}}_n\}$ be the bipolar filtration of the smooth concordance group of topologically slice knots, which was introduced by Cochran et al. It is known that for each $n\ne 1$ the group ${\mathcal{T}}_n/{\mathcal{T}}_{n+1}$ has infinite rank and ${\mathcal{T}}_1/{\mathcal{T}}_2$ has positive rank. In this paper, we show that ${\mathcal{T}}_1/{\mathcal{T}}_2$ also has infinite rank. Moreover, we prove that there exist infinitely many Alexander polynomials $p(t)$ such that there exist infinitely many knots in ${\mathcal{T}}_1$ with Alexander polynomial $p(t)$ whose nontrivial linear combinations are not concordant to any knot with Alexander polynomial coprime to $p(t)$, even modulo ${\mathcal{T}}_2$. This extends the recent result of Cha on the primary decomposition of ${\mathcal{T}}_n/{\mathcal{T}}_{n+1}$ for all $n\ge 2$ to the case $n=1$. To prove our theorem, we show that the surgery manifolds of satellite links of $\nu ^+$-equivalent knots with the same pattern link have the same Ozsváth–Szabó $d$-invariants, which is of independent interest. As another application, for each $g\ge 1$, we give a topologically slice knot of concordance genus $g$ that is $\nu ^+$-equivalent to the unknot.
Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of azlocillin in neonates with early-onset sepsis: a real-world study
Authors: Wu Yue-E , Wang Tao , Yang Hua-Liang , Tang Bo-Hao , Kong Li , Li Xin , Gao Qi , Li Xue , Yao Bu-Fan , Shi Hai-Yan , Huang Xin , Wang Wen-Qi , Jacqz-Aigrain Evelyne , Allegaert Karel , van den Anker John , Tian Xiu-Ying , Zhao Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Nowadays, real-world data can be used to improve currently available dosing guidelines and to support regulatory approval of drugs for use in neonates by overcoming practical and ethical hurdles. This proof-of-concept study aimed to assess the population pharmacokinetics of azlocillin in neonates using real-world data, to make subsequent dose recommendations and to test these in neonates with early-onset sepsis (EOS).

Methods
This prospective, open-label, investigator-initiated study of azlocillin in neonates with EOS was conducted using an adaptive two-step design. First, a maturational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of azlocillin was developed, using an empirical dosing regimen combined with opportunistic samples resulting from waste material. Second, a Phase II clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03932123) of this newly developed model-based dosing regimen of azlocillin was conducted to assure optimized target attainment [free drug concentration above MIC during 70% of the dosing interval (‘70% fT&gt;MIC’)] and to investigate the tolerance and safety in neonates.

Results
A one-compartment model with first-order elimination, using 167 azlocillin concentrations from 95 neonates (31.7–41.6 weeks postmenstrual age), incorporating current weight and renal maturation, fitted the data best. For the second step, 45 neonates (30.3–41.3 weeks postmenstrual age) were subsequently included to investigate target attainment, tolerance and safety of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model-based dose regimen (100 mg/kg q8h). Forty-three (95.6%) neonates reached their pharmacokinetic target and only two neonates experienced adverse events (feeding intolerance and abnormal liver function), possibly related to azlocillin.

Conclusions
Target attainment, tolerance and safety of azlocillin was shown in neonates with EOS using a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model developed with real-world data.
The urbanising force of global warming: the role of climate change in the spatial distribution of population
Authors: Castells-Quintana David , Krause Melanie , McDermott Thomas K J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the relationship between changes in weather patterns and the spatial distribution of population and economic activity within countries. Our unique global dataset combines climatic and census data for the period 1950–2015 with satellite data on built-up areas, and light intensity at night for the 1990–2015 periods. We establish a global non-linear effect of climate on urbanisation. In particular, we find that deteriorating climatic conditions are associated with more urbanisation. This happens across the whole urban structure, with urbanisation increasing in both smaller and larger cities. But, we also find that weather variation can alter the national urban structure, including the pattern of urban concentration, as well as the size, density and spatial structure of large cities.
Prevalence of Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Sandflies in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shoraka Hamid Reza , Taheri Soodejani Moslem , Allah Kalteh Ehsan , Chegeni Maryam , Mahmudimanesh Marzieh , Sofizadeh Aioub 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCutaneous leishmaniasis is an important parasitic and vector-borne disease in Iran and can be transmitted to humans and animals through bites of infected female sand flies. The present study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of Leishmania major in sand flies in Iran. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in the present study, so that databases, namely PubMed, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, ProQuest, Embase, Cochrane Reviews, and Scopus as well as IranDoc, SID, Elmnet, and Magiran were searched for finding Persian articles. Inclusion criteria of study contained the study in Iran and investigation of L. major parasite in sand flies. The quality of studies was examined by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for studies that reported prevalence data; and the data were analyzed by Stata 14 software. In total, 42 studies were evaluated, all of which had investigated the infection of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli (Diptera: Psychodidae). The infection of Phlebotomus caucasicus group was investigated in 13 studies, Phlebotomus ansarii Lewis in four studies, Phlebotomus salehi Mesghali and Rashti in five studies, and the infection of other species of sandflies in seven studies. According to the meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of Ph. papatasi, Ph. caucasicus group, Ph. salehi, and Ph. ansarii were equal to 2.4, 6.2, 1.6, and 9.2%, respectively, with 95% confidence interval.According to reports of different rates of sand fly infection in different regions, all studies should have certain and standard forms and formats to determine the pooled prevalence of sand fly infection.
Two subgroups of receptor-like kinases promote early compatible pollen responses in the Arabidopsis thaliana pistil
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyung , Goring Daphne R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In flowering plants, cell–cell communication between the compatible pollen grain/growing pollen tube and the pistil is an essential component for successful sexual reproduction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the later stages of this dialogue are mediated by several peptide ligands and receptors that guide pollen tubes to the ovules for the release of sperm cells. Despite a detailed understanding of these processes, a key gap remains regarding the nature of the regulators that function at the earlier stages which are essential steps leading to fertilization. Here, we report on new functions for A. thaliana Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK) genes belonging to the LRR-II and LRR-VIII-2 RLK subgroups in the female reproductive tract to regulate compatible pollen hydration and the early stages of pollen tube growth. Mutant pistils for the A. thaliana RKF1 gene cluster were observed to support reduced wild-type pollen hydration and, when combined with the SERK1 and SERK3/BAK1 mutations, reduced pollen tube travel distances occurred. As these mutant pistils displayed a wild-type morphology, we propose that the observed altered compatible pollen responses result from an impaired pollen–pistil dialogue at these early stages.
How Should We Talk About Climate Change and Migration?
Authors: Morrissey James 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper is a response Ferris (2020), specifically to the call for coalescence around a single term by which to talk about people migrating in response to climate change. While sympathetic to the imperative behind Ferris’ (2020) call, my overall argument is to reject this proposal. Instead I argue for less of focus on what we call people migrating in response to climate change, and more of a focus on how we talk about them. To justify this, I argue that a single term is inherently reductive and likely to play upon anti-immigrant sentiment due to the need to portray ‘migration as a problem’. At best this will result in a policy focus with limited capacity to address the challenge of migration in a context of climate change. At worst it will drive a policy response that is overtly counter-productive. As an alternative, I propose embracing a multitude of discourses, informed by principals that I argue will drive a humane climate agenda, and allow for a flexible approach that can account for the variety of concerns at the nexus of climate change and human migration.
The hyper-stable disc of UGC 8839
Authors: Young Jason E , Eleazer Miriam 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The low surface brightness spiral UGC 8839 is nearly devoid of star formation aside from a large $\rm H\,{\small II}$ region complex located in the extreme outer disc. In order to understand the origin and nature of this complex, we compare new $\rm H\,\alpha$ and archival broad-band images of UGC 8839 to similar data for four other spiral galaxies. We conclude that the extreme off-axis star formation in UGC 8839 is likely due to a hyper-stable disc that is dark matter dominated at all radii, with the Toomre parameter reaching a minimum only in the extreme outer disc. Using analysis strategies designed to be particularly insensitive to the pitfalls of low surface brightness objects and small number statistics, we determine that the presence of this complex in UGC 8839 is not exceptional when the $\rm H\,{\small II}$ region luminosity function is modelled by a power law, suggesting that it is a native structure and not a merging satellite. However, we find that the entire population of $\rm H\,{\small II}$ regions in UGC 8839 shows a preference for larger galactocentric radii when compared to $\rm H\,{\small II}$ regions in the other galaxies in our sample. UGC 8839 dramatically highlights the relationship between the baryonic/dark matter ratio and disc stability. A three-body interaction, similar to a scaled-down version of the interaction suspected to be responsible for Malin 1, is consistent with the extreme outer disc star formation that we see in the extended disc of UGC 8839.
The specific star formation rate function at different mass scales and quenching: a comparison between cosmological models and SDSS
Authors: Katsianis Antonios , Xu Haojie , Yang Xiaohu , Luo Yu , Cui Weiguang , Davé Romeel , Lagos Claudia Del P , Zheng Xianzhong , Zhao Ping 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the eddington bias corrected specific star formation rate function (sSFRF) at different stellar mass scales from a sub-sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release DR7 (SDSS), which is considered complete both in terms of stellar mass (M⋆) and star formation rate (SFR). The above enable us to study qualitatively and quantitatively quenching, the distribution of passive/star-forming galaxies and perform comparisons with the predictions from state-of-the-art cosmological models, within the same M⋆ and SFR limits. We find that at the low-mass end (${M_{\star }} = 10^{9.5}\!-\!10^{10} \, {\rm M_{\odot }}$) the sSFRF is mostly dominated by star-forming objects. However, moving to the two more massive bins (${M_{\star }} = 10^{10}\!-\!10^{10.5} \, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ and ${M_{\star }} = 10^{10.5}\!-\!10^{11} \, {\rm M_{\odot }}$) a bi-modality with two peaks emerges. One peak represents the star-forming population, while the other describes a rising passive population. The bi-modal form of the sSFRFs is not reproduced by a range of cosmological simulations (e.g. Illustris, EAGLE, Mufasa, and IllustrisTNG) which instead generate mostly the star-forming population, while a bi-modality emerges in others (e.g. L-Galaxies, Shark, and Simba). Our findings reflect the need for the employed quenching schemes in state-of-the-art models to be reconsidered, involving prescriptions that allow ‘quenched galaxies’ to retain a small level of SF activity (sSFR = ${\rm 10^{-11} \, }$–${\rm 10^{-12} \, {\rm yr^{-1}}}$) and generate an adequate passive population/bi-modality even at intermediate masses (${M_{\star }} = 10^{10}\!-\!10^{10.5} \, {\rm M_{\odot }}$).
An efficient hybrid method to produce high-resolution large-volume dark matter simulations for semi-analytic models of reionization
Authors: Qiu Yisheng , Mutch Simon J , Elahi Pascal J , Poulton Rhys J J , Power Chris , Wyithe J Stuart B 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Resolving faint galaxies in large volumes is critical for accurate cosmic reionization simulations. While less demanding than hydrodynamical simulations, semi-analytic reionization models still require very large N-body simulations in order to resolve the atomic cooling limit across the whole reionization history within box sizes ${\gtrsim}100 \, h^{-1}\, \rm Mpc$. To facilitate this, we extend the mass resolution of N-body simulations using a Monte Carlo algorithm. We also propose a method to evolve positions of Monte Carlo haloes, which can be an input for semi-analytic reionization models. To illustrate, we present an extended halo catalogue that reaches a mass resolution of $M_\text{halo} = 3.2 \times 10^7 \, h^{-1} \, \text{M}_\odot$ in a $105 \, h^{-1}\, \rm Mpc$ box, equivalent to an N-body simulation with ∼68003 particles. The resulting halo mass function agrees with smaller volume N-body simulations with higher resolution. Our results also produce consistent two-point correlation functions with analytic halo bias predictions. The extended halo catalogues are applied to the meraxes semi-analytic reionization model, which improves the predictions on stellar mass functions, star formation rate densities, and volume-weighted neutral fractions. Comparison of high-resolution large-volume simulations with both small-volume and low-resolution simulations confirms that both low-resolution and small-volume simulations lead to reionization ending too rapidly. Lingering discrepancies between the star formation rate functions predicted with and without our extensions can be traced to the uncertain contribution of satellite galaxies.