bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication process of InGaAs-based nanodiode array using electron-beam lithography technique
Authors: Kasjoo Shahrir R. , Singh Arun K. , Zhang Linqing Q. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Self-switching diode (SSD) is a unipolar two-terminal planar device which has a typical channel in nanoscale dimension. It has shown outstanding properties as a microwave and submillimeter wave rectifier by exploiting its nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristic and intrisically low parasitic capacitance. In detection systems, SSDs are often used with an antenna to form a rectifying antenna (rectenna). The large impedance mismatch between SSD and antenna, due to high resistance of a single SSD, has always hampered the rectenna to achieve good extrinsic rectification performance (e.g., voltage responsivity > 400 V/W). As such, a large array of SSDs connected in parallel is very much desired to reduce the device resistance, and hence minimizing the impedance mismatching issue. In this work, an interdigital structure which can accommodate approximately 2,000 SSDs in parallel has been utilized. The material used was InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructure grown onto an InP substrate. The fabrication of the SSD array has implemented an electron-beam lithography (EBL) technique and the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a masking layer. The fabricated SSD array has shown a typical diode-like I-V characteristic, indicating that EBL method is not only convenient to realize nanoscale electronic devices, but also very practical for large area operations.
Effect of post-annealing in oxygen environment on ITO thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Hamzah N A , Asri R I M , Ahmad M A , Sahar M A A Z Md , Waheeda S N , Hassan Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work demonstrated the effect of post-annealing on electrical and optical characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. ITO with 100 nm thickness was successfully deposited using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering in oxygen-free environment on sodalime glass substrate without substrate heating. Post-annealing treatment was carried out on ITO thin films in oxygen environment. Different annealing temperatures were studied on the films from 300°C up to 600 °C. The annealing time and oxygen flow rate were kept constant. As the annealing temperature increase, the structure of the thin film’s changes from amorphous to polycrystalline which lead to the effect of enhanced hall mobility. Annealing temperature strongly influence the optical transmission in visible region. It leads to higher transmittance of ITO thin films and is suitable for a blue light emitting diode (LED) application. In addition, higher annealing temperature also enhances film electrical performance. Further characterization of the deposited films was done using hall measurement, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and atomic force microscopic (AFM) to show the improvement on their electrical and optical characteristic. The optical and electrical characteristics of the films have been compared with each other.
Formation of Fe, Pt and (Pt/Fe) ultra-fine metal nanoparticles in different solution polarity prepared by Nd-YAG pulsed laser
Authors: Thahab S.M. , Abo Nasria Abbas H. , Hussain Saja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Iron(Fe/FeO), Platium (Pt) and (Pt/Fe) ultra Fine(UF) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by pulsed (Q-switched, 1064 doubled frequency-Nd: YAG). The laser ablation of Fe and Pt metal plates has been performed by immersing these metal plates in deionised water (DDW) and ethanol alcohol solvent. The pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) process preformed with 100 pulse energy of 700 mJ and liquid depth is 5 mm. The formation efficiency of PLAL process was quantified in term of the absorption spectrum peaks and TEM images anlaysis. The absorption spectra of Iron (Fe/FeO, Pt) in DDW reveal a sharp and single peak around (292/363 and 234)nm, respectively, indicates the production of pure and spherical shape of Fe/FeO, Pt UF NPs with an average size in the range of 2-5 nm. While, it was notice absorbance peaks wavelength shifted to the shorter wavelength in ethanol alcohol due to high polarity of alcohol in both bimetalic nanoparticles (Fe and Pt). By changing the solution polarty it can open an easy way to control the size and shape of Fe and Pt and Bimetals (Pt/Fe ) colloidal nanoparticles.
Polarization Rotation by Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) Thin Film with an External Electric Field
Authors: Razilam N. A. , Najamudin S. H. , Ramli W. S. W. , Poopalan P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) thin films are suitable for many applications especially photonic due to its large electro-optic (EO) coefficient where the EO effect causes a change of optical refractive index in a film due presence of an electric field. The first step towards the development of thin film based EO modulators is to study its EO properties. The thin film BaTiO3 was prepared by a sol gel process and annealed at 900°C and then subjected to EO interrogation via the Sénarmont technique. It shows that the technique affected the electro-optic properties of the thin film and the electro-optic behaviour. The Sénarmont technique also utilized the EO measurement of BaTiO3 thin films from negative 20V up to positive 20V by connecting the electrical and optical domain with different angles of polarizer that are from 0° up to 180°. The results show that the power measurement is much higher between 30° to 50° with positive 20V. It is found that electric field disrupts the EO behaviour of the film.
Assessment the impact of iron nanoparticles and dry yeast extract on the corn (Zea maize L.)
Authors: Al-Shaheen Mustafa R. , Hamad Rasmi M. , AL Abdaly Maath.M , Al- Rawi Omar H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An experiment was carried out at the Glass House at the Faculty of Agriculture, Anbar University for the 2016-2017 season. Where the addition of nano-iron and dry yeast extract to evaluate the response of maize productivity to five levels of nano-iron, which is 0, 25,50, 75 and 100 mg, were sprayed on the leaves, and the yeast extract at three levels 0, 100 and 150 grams per liter spray on the leaves. The results showed the superiority of the treatments that were sprayed with nanoparticles with the highest rate of chlorophyll, the seed protein ratio and the percentage of seed oil. Significant levels were also recorded when spraying the plants with dry yeast extract. The interactions of 100 mg of nanotube and 60 g / l dry yeast extract characterized by the highest rate of chlorophyll, the oil content in the seeds (%) and the protein rate in the seeds (%) compared to other transactions.
Dispersive focusing in fractional Korteweg–de Vries-type equations
Authors: Tobisch Elena , Pelinovsky Efim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we study dispersive enhancement of a wave train in systems described by the fractional Korteweg–de Vries-type equations of the form

u

t

+

α

n

u

n

u

x

+

β

m

(

D

m

{

u

}

)

x

=
0
,

D

m

{

u

}

=
−
|
k

|

m

u

(

k

)

where the operator D

m
{u} is written in the Fourier space, α

n
, β

m
are arbitrary constants and n, m being rational numbers (positive or negative). Using both approximate and exact solutions of these wave equations we describe constructively the process of dispersive focusing. It is based on a time-reversing approach with the expected rogue wave chosen as the initial condition for a solution of these equations. We demonstrate the qualitative difference in the shape of the focused wavetrains for various n and m. Our results can be used for prediction of the rogue wave appearance arising in many types of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive wave systems in physical context.
The Influence of Fly Ash Application on the Sorption-Desorption of Phosphate on Raised-Bed Soil of Tidal Swamplands
Authors: Priatmadi B J , Razie F , Septiana M , Saidy A R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The availability of phosphate (P) in soils generally is controlled by the sorption and desorption process of P ions by soil minerals. We examined the sorption and desorption of P on raised-bed soils of tidal swamplands applied with fly ash. Four different aged of raised-bed soils (3, 9, 16 and 27 years) was applied with 25 Mg ha−1 fly ash, and incubated at the dark for 15 days, and a batch experiment was carried out following the completion of incubation for the measurement of sorption-desorption of P. Results of the study showed that P sorption to fly ash-added soils fitted very well to the Langmuir Equation (R
2 = 0.91–0.98), in which fly ash application increased the maximum capacity of soil for P sorption (Q
max). Increasing the value of Q
max might be attributed to the presence of aluminium and iron oxides containing in the fly ash increased the sites of fly ash-added soils for the P sorption. The amounts of phosphate released from fly ash-added soils ranged from 4.4% to 7.4% of sorbed P at the treatment of without fly ash addition. Fly ash addition to the soil significantly reduced the desorption of P. Results of this study imply the potential use of fly ash as waste material for improving P availability in the raised-bed soils of swamplands.
Effect of Irradiated Rice Varieties on CH4, Population of Bacteria and Fungi in tidal Swamp Soil in Kalimantan
Authors: Hadi Abdul , Zahrita  , Haris Abdul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recently, paddy fields have encountered extreme environmental conditions like flood and storm which caused decreased grain production. To overcome this problem, National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) of Republic of Indonesia has developed hybrid rice varieties like Atomita, Sulutan Unsrat, Woyla, etc. However, there are few reports on population of bacteria, fungi, and the methane (CH4) emissions as affected by these rice varieties in tidal swamp area of Kalimantan. A field experiment has been carried in tidal swamp of South Kalimantan aiming at elucidating the effect of irradiated rice varieties on CH4, population of bacteria and fungi. Sixteen plots, each sizing 3 m x 4 m, were demarcated by plastic tape. At the same time with land preparation, rice varieties of Atomita (irradiated), Sulutan Unsrat (irradiated), Woyla (irradiated) and Karang Dukuh (local variety) were nursed in nearby upland until one month old. Three of the plots were cultivated to Atomita rice variety, three of the plots were cultivated to Sulutan Unsrat rice variety, while the other three were cultivated to Woyla rice variety. The rest of the plots were cultivated to Karang Dukuh and considered as control treatment. Air samples were collected by closed chambers in biweekly bases until harvest of rice. Air samples were then transferred to laboratory and used for the determination of CH4 concentration. Soil samples were taken at 15, 45, 75 and 105 days after transplanting and used for determinations of bacterial and fungal numbers using plate count method. The results showed that irradiated rice varieties suppressed CH4 emissions from tidal swamp paddy filed. More suppression was given by Sulutan Usrat, while Atomita and Woyla gave similar affects. There were no differences in population of bacteria in the four rice variety except at 15 days after transplanting when Atomica gave highest number. Similarly, there was no difference in population of fungi in the four rice variety except at 45 days after rice transplanting when Sulutan Unsrat gave highest number. These suggest that irradiated rice varieties suppressed CH4 emissions without negative impact on the bacterial and fungal population in tidal swamp soil of Kalimantan.
Characterisation of floor tiles reinforced aluminium surface composite synthesized by friction stir processing
Authors: Kushwaha Ved Prakash , Joshi Sumit , Singh Ramesh Chandra , Chaudhary Rajiv 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present work employed Friction Stir Processing route for fabricating Aluminium Surface Composite. The fine ceramic particles obtained from floor tiles were selected as the reinforcement while Al6061 alloy as the matrix material. The fabricated surface composite was further investigated for microstructure and wear characterisation. Microstructural features depicted the successful incorporation and homogeneous dispersion of floor tile particles in the aluminium matrix. The reinforced particles enhanced the microhardness value to 92 HV which was about three times more than base metal. Higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient exhibited on addition of floor tile particles in the matrix. The least wear rate of 4.9×10−3mg/m and friction coefficient value of 0.30 was obtained in aluminium surface composite compared to 36.21×0−3mg/m and 0.43 respectively.
Sustainability: an Essential Concept for Current and Upcoming Technological Practices
Authors: Dixit Ankur , Chaudhary Rajiv 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Agenda 2030 of the United Nations organisation aims at sustainable development of each country by the end of the upcoming decade. The agenda comprises of the 17 SDGs i.e sustainable development goals for the liveable and sustainable life on the planet Earth. In last two decades, the concept of sustainability has been extensively defined with coinciding different viewpoint and assessments. This paper comprises the history, definition, affecting factors, challenges and opportunities in the field of sustainable development for the new decade researchers and engineers.
Natural Pozzolans a Comparative Study: A Review
Authors: Shukla Ashish , Gupta Nakul , Gupta Ankur , Goel Rajesh , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Exploitation of Natural Pozzolans (Calcined Clay, Calcined Shale & Metakaolin) as Supplementary Cementitious materials (SCMs) for mortar and concrete has attended goodish observance in last decades. In this content the NP used in vast range in partial substitution of cement in concrete and mortar, and due to its pozzolanic behavior, it improves the performance of concrete and mortar strength and durability. The minimization of carbon-dioxide emissions in the cement industry due to the increasing involvement of NP(Natural Pozzolans). The different proportions of NP as partial substitute results in enhancing the comp. strength, water absorption, sorptivity etcetera and it gives the resistance to the structure of mortar and concrete to action of harmful solution.
Smart number cruncher – a voice based calculator
Authors: Sethi Preeti , Garg Puneet , Dixit Ashutosh , Singh Yashpal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
‘Smart Number cruncher-A voice based calculator’ is an electronic device which perform lengthy calculations. Traditional calculator uses key input to perform calculations, which is time consuming process. Present invention developed a new way of calculation. Smart number cruncher provides two modes of calculation, first mode is text mode and second mode is voice mode. Text mode performs mathematical calculation by typing numbers and symbols which is same as normal calculator. Voice mode takes voice input from user in the form of speech and performs mathematical calculation. Voice mode gives output in the form of voice only. This mode of calculation is easier than the regular text mode. Voice mode based calculation is useful for physically handicapped people. Smart number cruncher is user friendly since this system supports multiple regional languages. Smart number cruncher is based on various languages, initially user have to select the mode that is text mode or voice mode. On selection of voice mode user have to select language to perform mathematical calculation. Switching between regular text mode and voice mode, mathematical calculation, language selection all operations are done by micro-controller. All the operations done by voice mode are same as regular text mode internally. Proposed device is useful for the physically handicapped person as well as illiterate people. It saves lot of time wasted on lengthy calculations done by regular calculators. User doesn’t have to press any type of keys in the voice based calculator. Smart Number Cruncher is affordable to common people and easy to use.
WiFi Data Leakage Detection
Authors: Shrivastava Pranav , Agarwal Prerna , Rahul  , Monika  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The applications that we install on smart phones generates multitude of network traffic patterns, background activities, periodic updates etc. This application data leak side channel information like packet size, transfer timing, volume etc. This information can be used and exploited by an intruder to steal confidential user information. This paper focuses on various threats to the user’s private activities with the increase in commercial interest in tracing publicly broadcasted wireless data. The paper demonstrates mechanisms for inferring the user behavior from encrypted wireless network activity. It also shows how an absolutely inert eavesdropper can detect the information that is being transmitted over the network.
Effect of expressive writing on math anxiety of engineering students
Authors: Jaltare Vikrant , Moghe Kshipra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Math Anxiety is the negative reaction to situations involving mathematical computation. Studies have shown that math anxiety restricts access to working memory, which is essential to solve mathematical problems. Using the math anxiety – performance relationship, the effectiveness of expressive writing as remedial measure was tested. Participants (N=42) were asked to either sit quietly (control group) or were told to write about their thoughts and feelings (experimental group) prior to taking a math test. The experimental group participants performed significantly better than the control group participants. A significant improvement in performance due to expressive writing shows positive reaction toward math anxiety.
Fault Diagnosis of Ball Bearing Using Hilbert Huang Transform and LASSO Feature Ranking Technique
Authors: Thakker H T , Dave V , Vakharia V , Singh S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBearings are one of the crucial components of any machine having rotary parts. They are employed to support and ensure smooth operations of the shafts in the rotary machinery. Therefore, any fault in the bearings can lead to a decline in the level of production and equipment. For this reason, it is important to monitor the bearing health. This paper presents a signal analysis technique for machine health monitoring using the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT). HHT is a time domain approach which extracts instantaneous frequency data from a signal by decomposing the signal into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) is used as feature ranking method which is used to improve the prediction accuracy by reducing input data to machine learning model by aiding to select only a subset of the feature vector rather than using all of the features. In the present work, training and tenfold cross-validation accuracy or two classifiers have been compared. The comparative analysis presented in this paper reveals that the utilization of LASSO as a feature ranking method shows a substantial decrease in the data to be handled and improving the diagnosis accuracy.
Effect of WC content on the friction and wear properties of Ni-WC coatings on 6082-T6 aluminum alloy
Authors: He Tiantian , Shao Ruonan , Du Sanming , Cai Hongzhang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Ni-WC coatings were prepared on the surface of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy by plasma spraying. The effect of WC content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear performance of the coatings was investigated. The wear mechanism was discussed according to the wear surface morphology and phase composition. The results show that with the increase of the WC content, the microhardness of Ni-WC coatings increases and the bond strength first increases and then decreases sharply. The Ni-20WC coating shows the highest bond strength. The friction coefficient decreases with increasing the WC content, while the wear rate first reduces and then increases as the WC content rises. The wear mechanism of Ni-WC coatings is a mixture of adhesive wear and oxidation wear. With WC content increasing from 10 wt% to 20 wt.%, the friction coefficient and wear rate reduce mainly due to the formation of the continuous oxide film on the wear surface. When the WC content reaches to 30 wt%, the severe oxidation and the defects of the coating such as some microcracks and holes, lead to the increase of the wear rate.
Modelling electrochemical systems with finite field molecular dynamics
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sayer Thomas , Hutter Jürg , Sprik Michiel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Physical chemistry of electric double layers and ionic solutions plays a fundamental role in energy related applications such as electrocatalysis, super-capacitors, fuel cells, lithium/sodium ion batteries. A realistic representation of these electrochemical systems requires treating electronic, structural and dynamic properties on an equal footing. Density functional theory based molecular dynamics (DFTMD) is perhaps the only approach that can provide a consistent atomistic description. However, one of the challenges in DFTMD modelling of electrochemical systems is the slow convergence of the polarization

P

, where

P

is the central quantity connecting to all electrical properties (the dielectric constant, the Helmholtz capacitance and the ionic conductivity). Here, we summarize our recent progress on developing finite field MD for computing electrical properties. Discussions on notable extensions and outlook for future works are also given.
Nanoscale silicon fluidic transfer for ultrahigh-density self-assembled integration
Authors: Ishihara Shoji , Tanabe Katsuaki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fluidic self-assembly is an efficient fabrication technique that a large number of semiconductor chips are spontaneously integrated. However, the integrated chips in the experiments reported so far had dimensions of several tens of micrometers for the side lengths and thickness, hindered by the severe adhesiveness of smaller chips to their original substrates. Here we demonstrate fluidic transfer of submicron-scale chips. Simultaneous release and deposition of silicon thin-film chips are conducted in a blended solution of hydrofluoric acid and ethanol with ultrasonication, in relation to the surface tension. The mechanical bonding stability of the thin-film chips to the host chip is confirmed. Our scheme could lead to high-throughput, low-cost, and ultrahigh-density on-chip integration for electronic and photonic devices.