bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Risk Factors Associated With Time to Pregnancy Termination in Ethiopia: Application of Frailty Models
Authors: Sebu Aboma Temesgen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy termination commonly known as abortion is the preventable causes for the maternal mortality worldwide that largely forgotten. About 45 % of these pregnancy terminations are unsafe causing death of more than 22,000 women every year and remains major public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. This study was also aimed to model and investigate risk factors associated with time to pregnancy termination in Ethiopia by applying survival model considering the clustering effects.Methods: The study considered 15,683 reproductive age group women from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. Kaplan-Meier(KM) was employed to estimate the survival curve and this estimated KM survival curve estimated for different groups were tested based on log rank test. To come up with appropriate model for the time to pregnancy termination and the associated risk factors both semi-parametric and parametric survival model with no frailty effects as wells as with shared frailty effects which handles random effects were employed and compared based AIC and BIC of the fitted models.Results: The result of the study showed generalized gamma and lognormal survival models were appropriate models compared with semi-parametric and other candidate parametric models.Fitting these survival model with frailty showed the improvement of the models which was an indication for the presence of unobservable random effects in clusters. Regarding the frailty models comparison, log normal with gamma frailty model was considered as appropriate model for fitting time to pregnancy termination model in Ethiopia compared with other candidate frailty models. Furthermore, the selected frailty model result showed that age of women, ever trying to avoid pregnancy, contraceptive method use, age at first sex, total number of children ever born and place of residence were the identified risk factors for the time to pregnancy termination at 5% level of significance.Conclusions: Based on the finding of this study, starting sex at early age, residing urban areas, having lower number of children, being in married marital status group, chewing chat and do not using contraceptive methods were the risk factors that results pregnancy termination at early age that needs serious consideration to prevent the problem in Ethiopia.
Single center experience of war-related thoracic injury in Syria
Authors: Ulusan Ahmet , Tunca Ibrahim Emre , Sanli Maruf , Isik Ahmet Feridun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The Syrian civil war caused serious deaths and injuries. Thoracic surgery has shown its effectiveness in this war as it is a war surgery. In this study, we analyzed war related chest trauma patients to describe the profile of chest trauma, determine the predictors’ morbidity and mortality. Methods: From 2012 to 2017, 47 consecutive patients underwent surgical treatment for chest trauma at the Gaziantep University Sahinbey Research and Practice Hospital, in Turkey. The demographic and relevant clinical information were retrospectively collected from the hospital records. Data included mechanism of injury, gender, and age, findings, treatment modality complications, and length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. Injuries were classified as penetrating (gunshot or shrapnel wounds) and blunt injuries. Results: The average age of patients was 25.4 years (range, 4 to 43 years) and 40 patients were males (85%). Sadly, 6 patients were under 18 years old. There were 41 patients (%87,2) penetrating and 6 patients (%12,8) blunt injuries. The most penetrating injuries of the chest were caused by shrapnel (61,7%). Eleven patients had already had emergency thoracotomy in another hospital before admission. As multiple diagnoses, there were 50 (45,45%) pneumothorax, hemothorax, or both in patients. However, there were 26 (23,64%) lung contusions in patients. No surgery-related deaths or major morbidity occurred. One patient died 35 days after admission; the causes of death in this patient included bronchobiliary fistula, hypovolemic shock, and sepsis. So, all cases mortality rate was 2,13%. Conclusion : Intervention in thoracic trauma patients is life-saving and satisfying compared to other system injuries. War surgery is a multidisciplinary approach, which is vital.
Diagnostic Comparison of Changes in Air Quality over China before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suresh Arjun , Chauhan Diksha , Othmani Amina , Bhadauria Neha , S Aswin , Jose Jais , Mejjad Nezha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The rapid spread of Covid-19 has affected the political, social, and economic sectors, which inevitably will also affect the environmental component. This contagious virus led the worldwide countries to make securities measures such as lockdown to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and protect human health. In contrast to the negative impacts of this virus on the economy, it has influenced the environment positively. As reported by station and program for monitoring the Earth, the air quality has improved after the lockdown. The present study compares the air level pollution one year before and during the spread of Coronavirus in China. Accordingly, we investigate the change of the concentrations of three air pollutants, namely, O3, NO2, and black carbon. The study of the measured parameter between December 2019 and March 2020 exhibit an apparent decrease in their concentrations because of the imposing lockdown of cities and restriction on chemical industries and factories.
A walk through the park – Do people know the animals living in urban parks?
Authors: Guilhon Bruno Ferreira , Rodrigues João Fabrício Mota , Borges-Nojosa Diva Maria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: It is important that people know the fauna occurring around the city and within it, because people could present a more positive relationship toward animals and valorize the fauna. This knowledge may vary due to cultural features of the region, as well as social characteristics of the person, such as: educational level and frequency of visits to green areas. This study aimed to evaluate if the knowledge about the faunistic diversity of an urban park varied in relation to the profile of the visitors.Methods: Parque Estadual do Cocó is a conservation unit, located in the Fortaleza municipality in Ceará state, which has a very diverse fauna. We collected the data between September and October 2018 using a structured questionnaire applied with 126 park visitors.Results: We observed that visitors only know 31.57% of the fauna of the Parque Estadual do Cocó and usually find 1.05 ± 1.29 animals during the activities realized in the place. “Common marmoset” ( Callithrix jacchus ) and “Great egret” ( Ardea alba ) were the most cited species, with respectively 102 and 63 citations, while “Crab-eating raccoon” ( Procyon cancrivorus ) and “American purple gallinule” ( Porphyrio martinicus ) were the less cited, with 22 and 16 citations. We did not notice a relationship between the knowledge about the Park fauna with frequency of visitation, but we noticed a positive relation between the number of animals sighted and frequency. The most cited source of information about the Park native species was information boards, but there was no relation between the presence of boards with an animal species of the Park and the knowledge of visitor about them.Conclusions: Visitors do not know the species richness of the Park, even with a high frequency of visitation and the presence of information boards about the Park fauna. However, a high frequency of visitation allowed people to see more animals throughout these visitations. Possibly, more direct alternatives to inform visitors about the native fauna of the Park can bring more positive results than just the sightings and simply the presence of information boards.
A Novel Anti-inflammatory D-peptide Halts Disease Phenotype Progression in an Als Mouse Model
Authors: Post Julia , Kogel Vanessa , Schaffrath Anja , Lohmann Philipp , Shah Nadim Joni , Langen Karl-Josef , Willbold Dieter , Willuweit Antje , Kutzsche Janine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by selective neuronal death in brain stem and spinal cord. The cause is unknown, but an increasing evidence has firmly certified that neuroinflammation plays a key role in ALS pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders and has been implicated as driver of disease progression. Here, we describe two treatment studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of a tandem version of the well-known all-d-peptide RD2 (RD2RD2) in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1) and in a transgenic mouse model of ALS (SOD1*G93A).Methods:APP/PS1 and SOD1*G93A mice were treated intraperitoneally for four weeks mice with RD2RD2 vs placebo. APP/PS1 brain and plasma samples were histologically and biochemically analysed for inflammatory markers, gliosis and amyloid pathology. SOD1*G93A mice were tested longitudinally during treatment in various behavioural and motor coordination tests. Brain and spinal cord samples were investigated immunohistochemically for gliosis and neurodegeneration.Results: Treatment in APP/PS1 mice revealed significant reduction in glial cell activation in the brain and significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma. RD2RD2 treatment in SOD1*G93A mice resulted not only in a reduction of activated astrocytes and microglia in both brain stem and lumbar spinal cord but also in a rescue of neurons in the motor cortex. Moreover, behavioural tests revealed that the disease phenotype of SOD1*G93A mice is halted during treatment.Conclusion: Based on the presented results, we conclude that RD2RD2 is a potential therapeutic candidate against ALS.
The iatrogenic elevation of neutrophils&nbsp;possibly&nbsp;aggravates lung injury after COVID-19&nbsp;infection: A case report
Authors: Tang Jian , Sun Bao , Cao Jinsong , Xie Xia , Zu Xuyu , Huang Bin , Fu Hui , Zhou Jiecan , Wang Qiaosheng , Tang Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly escalating epidemic in most of countries. Symptom of COVID-19 usually present as the normal or decrease of leucocytes and the decrease of lymphocytes, which may be the body’s response for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is unknown that whether rising leukocytes, especially neutrophils, will aggravate lung injury in COVID-19. Here we report a case of aggravated lung injury induced by rising neutrophils with the usage of recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor (GSF) for the first time.Case presentation: A patient aged 46 years old was infected with SARS-CoV-2 without hypoxemia on admission, but his leucocytes decreased gradually after admission. After following injected with recombinant human granulocyte stimulating factor(GSF) 150 μg , the absolute value of leucocytes reached to 32.81×109 /L, and neutrophils were 31.57×109/L. Then, the patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly and he appeared a series of symptoms, such as short breath, hemoptysis, hypoxemia, increased range of lung lesions and secondary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, those symptoms were alleviated and leucocytes recover to normal level gradually after stopping recombinant human GSF treatment. Eventually, Re-examination of CT showed that lung lesions were absorbed significantly and he was cured and discharged from hospital.Conclusion: This case report showed that iatrogenic increase of leucocytes (especially neutrophils) may worsen lung injury and leucocyte increasing agents were used with caution in the early stage of COVID-19 patients. At the same time, the phenomenon remains to be further confirmed in the future study.
Genetic diversity and structural characterization of spike glycoprotein of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Das Abhishek , Bhattacharya M. , Roy R. , P.Ghosh  , N.Mondal  , Das T. , B.K.Behera  , Patra B.C. , Acharya S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A new beta Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection was first identified in the Wuhan City, China in December 2019 and after that it had spread rapidly throughout the globe and subsequently WHO have announced it as a pandemic. So, SARS-CoV-2 has now become a global threat to human civilization. Recent studies showed that the proteomic data of SARS-CoV-2 is closely related with other beta Coronavirus. The phylogenetic tree revealed the closeness of recently reported SAR-CoV2 with SARS-CoV by using MEGA 7 along with the suitable protocol of Neighbor joining algorithm. The spike glycoprotein plays the most important role during the onset of infection. Several mutations have been reported across the globe in the S Proteins. In this research, molecular docking between the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 protein was carried out in PatchDock web servers. WEBnm@ calculated the molecular simulation using Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) along with lowest deformation energy value which signifies the domain motions. Also during multiple sequence analysis, variations were observed within the Spike protein reported globally. 3- Dimensional structure of protein molecules were designed using homology modeling and the structure were validated through Q mean score and Ramachandran plot. All of the designed sequences were having around 91% of the amino acid in the favored region of Ramachandran plot. In order to check the binding affinity difference between the mutated and non-mutated strains, the generated models were docked with human ACE2 molecules. The non mutated strains have given the similar ACE value. However, there were variations in ACE value of the mutated strains. This observation provides evidence of Phylogenetic diversity and evolution.
A Review of Voltammetric Methods for Determination of Dopamine Agonists
Authors: Ağın Fatma 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Dopamine agonists are useful drugs for the management of patients with
Parkinson's disease in the early and later stages of the disease. Parkinson's disease is a progressive
neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain. They
bind to dopamine receptors in nerve cells that regulate body movement and motor function. Electroanalytical
methods are used in medicinal, clinical and pharmaceutical research. Voltammetry is one
of the most commonly used electroanalytical methods. This review aims to gather and discuss studies
of voltammetric methods used in determination of dopamine agonists.

Methods:
This review includes the use of various voltammetric methods for determination studies of
dopamine agonists from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. These studies were
examined in terms of used voltammetric method or methods, working electrode, buffer, pH and validation
parameters.

Results:
Cabergoline, pramipexole, and ropinirole have more studies, while bromocriptine and apomorphine
have fewer studies in the literature. Differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry
methods were the most applied methods for the determination of dopamine agonist drugs
from pharmaceuticals and biological samples. But, stripping, cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry
methods are less applied methods. In these studies, a lot of modified electrodes were developed and
used to analyse dopamine agonists.

Conclusion:
The voltammetric methods provide the determination of therapeutic agents and/or their
metabolites in clinical samples at extremely low concentrations without the necessity for the sample
pre-treatment or time consuming extraction steps. Also, the modified electrodes and validated voltammetric
methods provide good stability, repeatability, reproducibility and high recovery for the
analysis of the analyte.
Plan formador de competencias empresariales, estrategia pedagógica, administración de empresas
Authors: Vergel-Quintero Damarys , Mosquera-Carrascal Adriana , Vergel-Pérez José de la Rosa 
Published: May 2020

En Colombia la ley 1014 del 2006 para el fomento a la cultura empresarial, fue creada con el propósito de promover la cultura de emprendimiento desde las instituciones educativas que permita la formación de individuos con competencias empresariales, ya sea para desempeñarse como empresarios o intraempresarios que contribuyan al desarrollo socioeconómico de las regiones y el país. Basados en este propósito, la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña realiza diversas acciones a través de sus programas académicos, para el fortalecimiento de una cultura de emprendimiento, que permita la formación de individuos con una mentalidad crítica e innovadora, capaces de responder a las necesidades de su entorno. En consecuencia a lo anterior, el programa de Administración de Empresas y atendiendo a esta preocupación, realiza una investigación con docentes y estudiantes, en búsqueda de información relevante, que posibilitara una mirada integral sobre el emprendimiento, con el propósito de sintetizarla finalmente en una estrategia pedagógica en beneficio del programa, y fortalecer las competencias empresariales actuales en los educandos, en roles de empresario o intraempresario.
Formación de economía solidaria en las instituciones educativas públicas de la ciudad de Ocaña, Colombia: bajo la mirada del SIG
Authors: Duarte Duarte Jorge Andrés , Pacheco Carrascal Marilce 
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo de investigación descriptiva responde a la preocupación acerca de la existencia del “cúmulo de información de economía solidaria que se encuentra dispersa, sin ser identificada, recopilada, ni sistematizada, lo cual impide determinar cuáles son los temas tratados, el aporte realizado, los vacíos existentes, que ameriten ser tratados y ampliados”. Entendiendo a la educación solidaria como aquella alternativa viable para acometer los retos que afronta la escuela colombiana.
Es por ello que se tiene como finalidad, determinar la formación de economía solidaria que imparten las instituciones educativas públicas de la ciudad de Ocaña. Para este fin se requirió identificar la formación en economía solidaria por medio de una matriz analítica, caracterizar la formación académica y práctica de economía solidaria mediante el estudio de nueve criterios, además de generar un sistema de información geográfico de educación solidaria de los colegios, con el fin de ofrecer información sistematizada para el desarrollo de futuros proyectos de formación solidaria en los colegios públicos.
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Sources, Effects And Treatments
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel , Wilson Mesmire 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Hormonal changes in humans and animals can be attributed to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Studies have found that excessive exposure to natural and artificial environmental chemicals and toxins can have adverse effects on the endocrine system and reproductive health. The endocrine system creates and releases hormones that regulate the development of organs and how they function. Any disruption to hormones affects the development and functioning of the reproductive system, the brain and the neurological system. Research and reports on the subject have been published by international experts and organizations including the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), International Labour Organization (ILO) and Endocrine Society. To fully comprehend the effect of EDCs on humans and wildlife, it is essential to understand epigenetics and its transgenerational effects on hormone development. Here, we extensively explore and review the research on the sources of EDCs, their effects and why exposure to EDCs is of concern, and treatments for EDC exposure.
Antimicrobial Resistance as a Problem for the Quality of Boar Semen
Authors: Stojanov Igor , Milovanović Aleksandar , Barna Tomislav , Prodanov Radulović Jasna , Apić Jelena , Stojanović Dragica , Maksimović Nevena 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether the bacteria from the environment and from the mucous membrane of the boar prepuce have antimicrobial resistance and whether the result obtained is similar/same to the bacteria that can be found in native boar semen. The study addresses the problem of the presence of primarily resistant bacterial strains in the boar sperm, which, due to their reduced sensitivity, cannot be suppressed by antibiotics used in the semen dilution agent, as well as to emphasize the importance of microbiological monitoring of the boar mucous membranes and ambient surfaces before and during their exploitation. Such an examination could contribute to the interchangeable design of the dilution agent for the boar semen relative to the antibiotic content.Resistant strains of bacteria from prepuce swabs and swabs taken from the facility, as well as from native boar semen were isolated. The presence of these bacteria affected the quality of the semen. In conclusion, it should be pointed out that bacterial monitoring of the prepuce and surface of the facility can indicate possible problems related to the quality of semen, and that the design of the dilution agent for boar semen should be adjusted to the established resistance of isolated bacteria.
Effect of dietary resveratrol on cell-mediated immunity and hepatocyte morphometry in the model organism medaka (Oryzias latipes Temminck & Schlegel)
Authors: Kowalska Agata , Małaczewska Joanna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The effect of dietary resveratrol (40 µg g−1 BW day−1) on cell-mediated immunity (the activity of spleen phagocytes and the proliferative response of lymphocytes) and liver histology (hepatocyte morphometry, lipid vacuoles, and glycogen granules) in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes) (aged two years, body weight BW = 0.49 g) were tested after ten days of feeding with experimental diets. The fish were fed either a commercial diet (control group C) or this same diet supplemented with resveratrol (group R) three times daily at 3% of body weight (BW). Fish fed feed with resveratrol had significantly higher intracellular phagocyte killing activity than did those in the control group (P < 0.05). No differences in the sizes of hepatocytes or their nuclei were observed in the fish from groups C and R. The nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio ranged from 0.39 (± 0.03; group R) to 0.42 (± 0.03, group C) in adult medaka exposed to the two dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results indicated that the diet supplemented with resveratrol at a dose of 40 µg g−1 BW day−1 had no impact on the liver tissues. Typical hepatocytes with lipids and glycogen were observed to the same extent in the vacuoles. Moreover, no mortality or pathological changes were noted in the fish studied. The diet containing resveratrol helped to maintain disease resistance without affecting the liver tissue after ten days of feeding.