bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WIMP cogenesis for asymmetric dark matter and the baryon asymmetry
Authors: Cui Yanou , Shamma Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We propose a new mechanism where asymmetric dark matter (ADM) and the baryon asymmetry are both generated in the same decay chain of a metastable weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) after its thermal freezeout. Dark matter and baryons are connected by a generalized baryon number that is conserved, while the DM asymmetry and baryon asymmetry compensate each other. This unified framework addresses the DM-baryon coincidence while inheriting the merit of the conventional WIMP miracle in predicting relic abundances of matter. Examples of renormalizable models realizing this scenario are presented. These models generically predict ADM with sub-GeV to GeV-scale mass that interacts with Standard Model quarks or leptons, thus rendering potential signatures at direct detection experiments sensitive to low mass DM. Other interesting phenomenological predictions are also discussed, including: LHC signatures of new intermediate particles with color or electroweak charge and DM induced nucleon decay; the long-lived WIMP may be within reach of future high energy collider experiments.
Renormalized entanglement entropy and curvature invariants
Authors: Taylor Marika , Too Linus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRenormalized entanglement entropy can be defined using the replica trick for any choice of renormalization scheme; renormalized entanglement entropy in holographic settings is expressed in terms of renormalized areas of extremal surfaces. In this paper we show how holographic renormalized entanglement entropy can be expressed in terms of the Euler invariant of the surface and renormalized curvature invariants. For a spherical entangling region in an odd-dimensional CFT, the renormalized entanglement entropy is proportional to the Euler invariant of the holographic entangling surface, with the coefficient of proportionality capturing the (renormalized) F quantity. Variations of the entanglement entropy can be expressed elegantly in terms of renormalized curvature invariants, facilitating general proofs of the first law of entanglement.
Operator expansions, layer susceptibility and two-point functions in BCFT
Authors: Dey Parijat , Hansen Tobias , Shpot Mykola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We show that in boundary CFTs, there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the boundary operator expansion of the two-point correlation function and a power series expansion of the layer susceptibility. This general property allows the direct identification of the boundary spectrum and expansion coefficients from the layer susceptibility and opens a new way for efficient calculations of two-point correlators in BCFTs. To show how it works we derive an explicit expression for the correlation function 〈ϕiϕi〉 of the O(N) model at the extraordinary transition in 4 − ϵ dimensional semi-infinite space to order O(ϵ). The bulk operator product expansion of the two-point function gives access to the spectrum of the bulk CFT. In our example, we obtain the averaged anomalous dimensions of scalar composite operators of the O(N) model to order O(ϵ2). These agree with the known results both in ϵ and large-N expansions.
Causal hierarchy in modified gravity
Authors: Carballo-Rubio Raúl , Di Filippo Francesco , Liberati Stefano , Visser Matt 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigate the causal hierarchy in various modified theories of gravity. In general relativity the standard causal hierarchy, (key elements of which are chronology, causality, strong causality, stable causality, and global hyperbolicity), is well-established. In modified theories of gravity there is typically considerable extra structure, (such as: multiple metrics, aether fields, modified dispersion relations, Hořava-like gravity, parabolic propagation,etcetera), requiring a reassessment and rephrasing of the usual causal hierarchy. We shall show that in this extended framework suitable causal hierarchies can indeed be established, and discuss the implications for the interplay between “superluminal” propagation and causality. The key distinguishing feature is whether the signal velocity is finite or infinite. Preserving even minimal notions of causality in the presence of infinite signal velocity requires the aether field to be both unique and hypersurface orthogonal, leading us to introduce the notion ofglobal parabolicity.
Observable signatures of scotogenic Dirac model
Authors: Guo Shu-Yuan , Han Zhi-Long 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, we make a detailed discussion on the phenomenology of the scotogenic Dirac model, which could accommodate the Dirac neutrino mass and dark matter. We have studied the lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) processes in this model, which are mediated by the charged scalar ϕ± and heavy Dirac fermions Ni. The experimental bounds, especially given by decays μ → eγ and μ → 3e, have put severe constraints on the Yukawa couplings yΦ and masses mN1, mϕ. We select the heavy Dirac fermion N1 as dark matter candidate and find the correct relic density will be reached basically by annihilating through another Yukawa coupling yχ. After satisfying LFV and dark matter relic density constraints, we consider the indirect detections of dark matter annihilating into leptons. But the constraints are relatively loose, only the τ+τ− channel can impose a mild excluding capability. Then we make a detailed discussion on the dark matter direct detections. Although two Yukawa couplings can both contribute to the direct detection processes, more attention has been paid on the yΦ-related processes as the yχ-related process is bounded loosely. The current and future direct detection experiments have been used to set constraints on the Yukawa couplings and masses. The current direct detections bounds are relatively loose and can barely exclude more parameter region beyond the LFV. For the future direct detection experiments, the excluding capacities can be improved due to larger exposures. The detecting capabilities in the large mass region have not been weakened as the existence of mass enhancement from the magnetic dipole operator $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\mathrm{mag}.} $$

O

mag
.

. At last, we have briefly discussed the collider signal searching in this model, the most promising signature is pair produced ϕ+ϕ− and decay into the signal of ℓ+ℓ− + ɆT. The exclusion limits from collider on mN1 and mϕ have provided a complementary detecting capability compared to the LFV and dark matter detections.
Parameter identification for a point-supported cross laminated timber slab based on experimental and numerical modal analysis
Authors: Kawrza Michael , Furtmüller Thomas , Adam Christoph , Maderebner Roland 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamic properties of a point-supported cross-laminated timber slab are studied in order to determine the elastic material parameters on this basis. A detailed experimental modal analysis of the slab with dimensions 16.0 m x 11.0 m is performed, and seven modes including the natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shape components at 651 sensor positions are identified. The found mode shapes are complex due to environmental influences that occurred during the two-day measurement campaign. This error is corrected by eliminating these influences. A finite element model of the slab is presented, whose parameters in terms of material properties and boundary conditions are determined by a model updating procedure. Based on the modal properties of the seven experimentally identified modes, an accurate and robust parameter set is obtained, which can be used in further numerical studies of the considered CLT to check serviceability limit criteria.
Risk factors and outcomes of conversion in minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy: a systematic review
Authors:   on behalf of the International Evidence-based Guidelines of Minimally Invasive Pancreas Resection Group, Balduzzi A. , van der Heijde N. , Alseidi A. , Dokmak S. , Kendrick M. L. , Polanco P. M. , Sandford D. E. , Shrikhande S. V. , Vollmer C. M. , Wang S. E. , Zeh H. J. , Hilal M. Abu , Asbun H. J. , Besselink M. G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The reported conversion rates for minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) range widely from 2 to 38%. The identification of risk factors for conversion may help surgeons during preoperative planning and patient counseling. Moreover, the impact of conversion on outcomes of MIDP is unknown.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted as part of the 2019 Miami International Evidence-Based Guidelines on Minimally Invasive Pancreas Resection (IG-MIPR). The PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for studies concerning conversion to open surgery in MIDP.

Results
Of the 828 studies screened, eight met the eligibility criteria, resulting in a combined dataset including 2592 patients after MIDP. The overall conversion rate was 17.1% (range 13.0–32.7%) with heterogeneity between studies associated with the definition of conversion adopted. Only one study divided conversion into elective and emergency conversion. The main indications for conversion were vascular involvement (23.7%), concern for oncological radicality (21.9%), and bleeding (18.9%). The reported risk factors for conversion included a malignancy as an indication for surgery, the proximity of the tumor to vascular structures in preoperative imaging, higher BMI or visceral fat, and multi-organ resection or extended resection. Contrasting results were seen in terms of blood loss and length of stay in comparing converted MIDP and completed MIDP patients.

Conclusion
The identified risk factors for conversion from this study can be used for patient selection and counseling. Surgeon experience should be considered when contemplating MIDP for a complex patient. Future studies should divide conversion into elective and emergency conversion.
GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6) is co-amplified with PIK3CA in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and is linked to neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Plum Patrick Sven , Löser Heike , Zander Thomas , Essakly Ahlem , Bruns Christiane J. , Hillmer Axel M. , Alakus Hakan , Schröder Wolfgang , Büttner Reinhard , Gebauer Florian , Quaas Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Driver mutations are typically absent in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Mostly, oncogenes are amplified as driving molecular events (including GATA6-amplification in 14% of cases). However, only little is known about its biological function and clinical relevance.

Methods
We examined a large number of EAC (n = 496) for their GATA6 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyzing both primary resected (n = 219) and neoadjuvant treated EAC (n = 277). Results were correlated to clinicopathological data and known mutations/amplifications in our EAC-cohort.

Results
GATA6 amplification was detectable in 49 (9.9%) EACs of our cohort. We observed an enrichment of GATA6-positive tumors among patients after neoadjuvant treatment (12,3% amplified tumors versus 6,8% in the primary resected group; p = 0.044). Additionally, there was a simultaneous amplification of PIK3CA and GATA6 (p < 0.001) not detectable when analyzing other genes such as EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS or MDM2. Although we did not identify a survival difference depending on GATA6 in the entire cohort (p = 0.212), GATA6 amplification was associated with prolonged overall survival among patients with primary surgery (median overall-survival 121.1 vs. 41.4 months, p = 0.032). Multivariate cox-regression analysis did not confirm GATA6 as an independent prognostic marker, neither in the entire cohort (p = 0.210), nor in the subgroup with (p = 0.655) or without pretreatment (p = 0.961).

Conclusions
Our study investigates the relevance of GATA6 amplification on a large tumor collective, which includes primary resected tumors and the clinically relevant group of neoadjuvant treated EACs. Especially in the pretreated group, we found an accumulation of GATA6-amplified tumors (12.3%) and a frequent co-amplification of PIK3CA. Our data suggest an increased resistance to radio-chemotherapy in GATA6-amplified tumors.
Anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive models for finite deformations combining material theory and data-driven approaches with application to cubic lattice metamaterials
Authors: Fernández Mauricio , Jamshidian Mostafa , Böhlke Thomas , Kersting Kristian , Weeger Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the capabilities of anisotropic theory-based, purely data-driven and hybrid approaches to model the homogenized constitutive behavior of cubic lattice metamaterials exhibiting large deformations and buckling phenomena. The effective material behavior is assumed as hyperelastic, anisotropic and finite deformations are considered. A highly flexible analytical approach proposed by Itskov (Int J Numer Methods Eng 50(8): 1777–1799, 2001) is taken into account, which ensures material objectivity and fulfillment of the material symmetry group conditions. Then, two non-intrusive data-driven approaches are proposed, which are built upon artificial neural networks and formulated such that they also fulfill the objectivity and material symmetry conditions. Finally, a hybrid approach combing the approach of Itskov (Int J Numer Methods Eng 50(8): 1777–1799, 2001) with artificial neural networks is formulated. Here, all four models are calibrated with simulation data of the homogenization of two cubic lattice metamaterials at finite deformations. The data-driven models are able to reproduce the calibration data very well and reproduce the manifestation of lattice instabilities. Furthermore, they achieve superior accuracy over the analytical model also in additional test scenarios. The introduced hyperelastic models are formulated as general as possible, such that they can not only be used for lattice structures, but for any anisotropic hyperelastic material. Further, access to the complete simulation data is provided through the public repository https://github.com/CPShub/sim-data.
Hypopyon sign as an unusual complication of varicella infection in a girl with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gorris Amélie , Weiss Doris , Kogler Hubert , Szépfalusi Zsolt , Karlhofer Franz , Handisurya Alessandra , Weninger Wolfgang , Kinaciyan Tamar 
Published: December 2020

SummaryVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, also known as chickenpox, is a common childhood affliction. Generalized small itchy single-standing vesicles on erythematous skin are typical. Both cutaneous and systemic complications of the VZV infection may commonly occur. A three-year-old girl with a previous history of mild atopic dermatitis presented in our Pediatric Dermatology Clinic in poor general condition, with a skin rash predominantly consisting of generalized large blisters with hypopyon sign and erosions. On a closer look, scattered erythematous papules and vesicles were also visible. A positive Tzanck smear from an intact pinhead-sized vesicle and VZV PCR confirmed the clinical diagnosis of chickenpox. Cultures from hypopyon material revealed Staphylococcus aureus superinfection. We report an exceptional, not-yet described complication of chickenpox with hypopyon-forming superinfection in an atopic child. In addition, our case nicely underscores the necessity of early VZV vaccination, which has been available and recommended now for more than 10 years in pediatric vaccination programs to avoid severe complications.
Deciding Where to Sleep: Spatial Levels of Nesting Selection in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Living in Savanna at Issa, Tanzania
Authors: Hernandez-Aguilar R. Adriana , Reitan Trond 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo understand how animals select resources we need to analyze selection at different spatial levels or scales in the habitat. We investigated which physical characteristics of trees (dimensions and structure, e.g., height, trunk diameter, number of branches) determined nesting selection by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) on two different spatial scales: individual nesting trees and nesting sites. We also examined whether individual tree selection explained the landscape pattern of nesting site selection. We compared the physical characteristics of actual (N= 132) and potential (N= 242) nesting trees in nesting sites (in 15 plots of 25 m × 25 m) and of all trees in actual and potential nesting sites (N= 763 in 30 plots of 25 m × 25 m). We collected data in May and June 2003 in Issa, a dry and open savanna habitat in Tanzania. Chimpanzees selected both the site they used for nesting in the landscape and the trees they used to build nests within a nesting site, demonstrating two levels of spatial selection in nesting. Site selection was stronger than individual tree selection. Tree height was the most important variable for both nesting site and tree selection in our study, suggesting that chimpanzees selected both safe sites and secure trees for sleeping.
On the incorporation of nickel into hexagonal barium titanate: magnetic properties and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
Authors: Böttcher R. , Langhammer H. T. , Walther T. , Kücker S. , Ebbinghaus S. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSystematic measurements of the magnetic moment of hexagonal 6H-BaTiO3 + 0.04 BaO + x NiO (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.02) ceramics were performed to study the influence of Ni ions on the magnetic properties. By temperature-dependent measurements of the paramagnetic susceptibility at 90 kOe, the Ni2+ ion was identified as the majority defect in air-sintered Ni-doped hexagonal barium titanate. Q-band EPR investigations of a 2.0 mol% Ni-doped single crystal revealed three different Ni centers located at Ti sites: first, Ni3+ ions at Ti sites in intact oxygen octahedra, second, Ni3+ associated with an oxygen vacancy and third, the presence of Ni2+ centers leading to a forbidden transition. The Ni3+—VO associate characterized by a vacancy in the face-sharing oxygen plane of the oxygen octahedra can be ruled out. The crystal field parameters of the Ni2+ defect were estimated by a combined fitting of the paramagnetic susceptibility and the EPR fine structure parameter D to $$B_{0}^{4}$$

B

0

4

≈ −17,300 cm−1, $$\left| {B_{0}^{2} } \right|$$

B

0

2

≈ 2500 cm−1 and $$B_{3}^{4}$$

B

3

4

≈ 19,000 cm−1.
Hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics reveal wood acetylation on different spatial scales
Authors: Mäkelä Mikko , Altgen Michael , Belt Tiina , Rautkari Lauri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acetylation is a chemical treatment method commonly used to improve the hygroscopic properties of wood. Although acetylation has been industrially used for decades, its effects on the different hierarchical structures of wood are still poorly understood. In the laboratory, acetylation is generally measured gravimetrically. Weighing a sample before and after the modification procedure provides an indirect measure of the degree of acetylation within the entire sample but does not provide detailed information on the different structural regions of wood. Here, we determined acetylation of wood surfaces using hyperspectral near-infrared image regression. Our results show significant differences in the acetylation of earlywood and latewood, which suggests different durations for complete acetylation of earlywood and latewood cells. We have also illustrated our findings on the wood cell level based on the chemical differences in earlywood and latewood cell walls using cluster analysis of Raman images. These findings are an important step in understanding how chemical treatment affects the different hierarchical structures of wood on different spatial scales.

Graphical Abstract
Eine kritische Untersuchung arbeitsschutzbezogener Lehrinhalte in Lehrbüchern metalltechnischer Ausbildungsberufe
Authors: Kahl Anke , Frank Carolin , Erlebach Ralf 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEin Prädiktor für die Sicherheits-Compliance Beschäftigter ist das arbeitsschutzbezogene Wissen. Junge Beschäftigte sind überproportional von Arbeitsunfällen betroffen. Im Rahmen der beruflichen Ausbildung ist die Vermittlung von arbeitsschutzbezogenem Wissen und entsprechenden Kompetenzen ein wichtiges Ziel.ZielZiel der Studie ist zu untersuchen, für welche arbeitsschutzbezogenen Kompetenzen geeignete Inhalte in den Lehrbüchern für die gemeinsame Kernqualifikation metalltechnischer Ausbildungsberufe identifiziert werden können. Es wird somit der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit der curriculare Auftrag, die berufsrelevanten Aspekte des Arbeitsschutzes im Rahmen der Ausbildung zu vermitteln, in der Praxis auf Basis der zur Verfügung stehenden Lehrwerke umgesetzt werden kann.Material und MethodenEs wurden die in der beruflichen Grundausbildung der industriellen Metallberufe eingesetzten Lehrbücher (N = 6) auf Basis eines theoriebasiert entwickelten Kategoriensystems quantitativ und qualitativ analysiert.Ergebnisse und DiskussionDie Lehrbuchanalyse zeigt, dass in den ausgewählten Lehrbüchern die arbeitsschutzbezogenen Themenfelder stark eingeschränkt sind, da fast ausschließlich Inhalte im Bereich „Auswahl von Schutzmaßnahmen“ thematisiert werden. Zudem werden in fast allen Lehrbüchern lediglich Tätigkeiten mit Gefahrstoffen sowie mit elektrischen Betriebsmitteln umfassender betrachtet. Die in den Lehrbüchern enthaltenen Schutzmaßnahmen stehen selten im Bezug zu den anderen arbeitsschutzbezogenen Kompetenzbereichen und weisen zudem häufig ein niedriges Komplexitätsniveau auf. Es besteht auf Grundlage der Lehrbuchinhalte kaum Potenzial, das für das Arbeitsschutzverständnis erforderliche „Denken in Zusammenhängen“ auszuprägen.
A hindcast study of the Piedmont 1994 flood: the CIMA Research Foundation hydro-meteorological forecasting chain
Authors: Parodi Antonio , Lagasio Martina , Meroni Agostino N. , Pignone Flavio , Silvestro Francesco , Ferraris Luca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBetween the 4th and the 6th of November 1994, Piedmont and the western part of Liguria (two regions in north-western Italy) were hit by heavy rainfalls that caused the flooding of the Po, the Tanaro rivers and several of their tributaries, causing 70 victims and the displacement of over 2000 people. At the time of the event, no early warning system was in place and the concept of hydro-meteorological forecasting chain was in its infancy, since it was still limited to a reduced number of research applications, strongly constrained by coarse-resolution modelling capabilities both on the meteorological and the hydrological sides. In this study, the skills of the high-resolution CIMA Research Foundation operational hydro-meteorological forecasting chain are tested in the Piedmont 1994 event. The chain includes a cloud-resolving numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, a stochastic rainfall downscaling model, and a continuous distributed hydrological model. This hydro-meteorological chain is tested in a set of operational configurations, meaning that forecast products are used to initialise and force the atmospheric model at the boundaries. The set consists of four experiments with different options of the microphysical scheme, which is known to be a critical parameterisation in this kind of phenomena. Results show that all the configurations produce an adequate and timely forecast (about 2 days ahead) with realistic rainfall fields and, consequently, very good peak flow discharge curves. The added value of the high resolution of the NWP model emerges, in particular, when looking at the location of the convective part of the event, which hit the Liguria region.