bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRACE‐based Mass Conservation as a Validation Target for Basin‐Scale Evapotranspiration in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Pascolini‐Campbell Madeleine A. , Reager John T. , Fisher Joshua B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, we evaluate basin‐scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimates for eleven major river basins in the contiguous United States against a water balance approach with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations. The relatively precise measurements of large‐scale changes in water mass from GRACE are used to estimate the storage rate term in the terrestrial water budget and consequently provide an estimate, with propagated uncertainty, of basin‐aggregated ET from mass conservation. We apply GRACE‐based ET to two modeling systems (NLDAS‐2 and GLDAS‐2.1) comprised of five land surface models and three remote sensing‐based products (MOD16, PT‐JPL, and FLUXCOM) for 2003 to 2014. Both the land surface model‐based and remote sensing‐based ET are persistently lower than GRACE‐based ET in all eleven basins tested. We also find that interannual variability is greater for GRACE‐ET than the model and remote sensing products, and this is attributed to precipitation variability.
STAT3 activates MSK1-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation to promote NFAT signaling in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Qi Hongyan , Yang Zhiyi , Dai Chujun , Wang Runan , Ke Xinxin , Zhang Shuilian , Xiang Xueping , Chen Kailin , Li Chen , Luo Jindan , Shao Jimin , Shen Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpigenetic abnormalities contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric cancer. However, the underlying regulatory networks from oncogenic signaling pathway to epigenetic dysregulation remain largely unclear. Here we showed that STAT3 signaling, one of the critical links between inflammation and cancer, acted as a control pathway in gastric carcinogenesis. STAT3 aberrantly transactivates the epigenetic kinase mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1), thereby phosphorylating histone H3 serine10 (H3S10) and STAT3 itself during carcinogen-induced gastric tumorigenesis. We further identified the calcium pathway transcription factor NFATc2 as a novel downstream target of the STAT3-MSK1 positive-regulating loop. STAT3 forms a functional complex with MSK1 at the promoter of NFATc2 to promote its transcription in a H3S10 phosphorylation-dependent way, thus affecting NFATc2-related inflammatory pathways in gastric carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the STAT3/MSK1/NFATc2 signaling axis significantly suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth, which provides a potential novel approach for gastric carcinogenesis intervention by regulating aberrant epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms.
Role of glucosyltransferase R in biofilm interactions between Streptococcus oralis and Candida albicans
Authors: Souza João Gabriel Silva , Bertolini Martinna , Thompson Angela , Mansfield Jillian M , Grassmann André Alex , Maas Kendra , Caimano Melissa J , Barao Valentim Adelino Ricardo , Vickerman M Margaret , Dongari-Bagtzoglou Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Streptococcal glucosyltransferases (Gtf) synthesize α-glucan exopolymers which contribute to biofilm matrix. Streptococcus oralis interacts with the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans to form hypervirulent biofilms. S. oralis 34 has a single gtf gene (gtfR). However, the role of gtfR in single and mixed species biofilms with C. albicans has never been examined. A gtfR deletion mutant, purified GtfR, and recombinant GtfR glucan-binding domain were tested in single and mixed biofilms on different substrata in vitro. A mouse oral infection model was also used. We found that in single species biofilms growing with sucrose on abiotic surfaces S. oralis gtfR increased biofilm matrix, but not bacterial biomass. In biofilms with C. albicans, S. oralis encoding gtfR showed increased bacterial biomass on all surfaces. C. albicans had a positive effect on α-glucan synthesis, and α-glucans increased C. albicans accretion on abiotic surfaces. In single and mixed infection of mice receiving sucrose S. oralis gtfR enhanced mucosal burdens. However, sucrose had a negative impact on C. albicans burdens and reduced S. oralis burdens in co-infected mice. Our data provide new insights on the GtfR-mediated interactions between the two organisms and the influence of biofilm substratum and the mucosal environment on these interactions.
Drp1 overexpression induces desmin disassembling and drives kinesin-1 activation promoting mitochondrial trafficking in skeletal muscle
Authors: Giovarelli Matteo , Zecchini Silvia , Martini Emanuele , Garrè Massimiliano , Barozzi Sara , Ripolone Michela , Napoli Laura , Coazzoli Marco , Vantaggiato Chiara , Roux-Biejat Paulina , Cervia Davide , Moscheni Claudia , Perrotta Cristiana , Parazzoli Dario , Clementi Emilio , De Palma Clara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMitochondria change distribution across cells following a variety of pathophysiological stimuli. The mechanisms presiding over this redistribution are yet undefined. In a murine model overexpressing Drp1 specifically in skeletal muscle, we find marked mitochondria repositioning in muscle fibres and we demonstrate that Drp1 is involved in this process. Drp1 binds KLC1 and enhances microtubule-dependent transport of mitochondria. Drp1-KLC1 coupling triggers the displacement of KIF5B from kinesin-1 complex increasing its binding to microtubule tracks and mitochondrial transport. High levels of Drp1 exacerbate this mechanism leading to the repositioning of mitochondria closer to nuclei. The reduction of Drp1 levels decreases kinesin-1 activation and induces the partial recovery of mitochondrial distribution. Drp1 overexpression is also associated with higher cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (Cdk-1) activation that promotes the persistent phosphorylation of desmin at Ser-31 and its disassembling. Fission inhibition has a positive effect on desmin Ser-31 phosphorylation, regardless of Cdk-1 activation, suggesting that induction of both fission and Cdk-1 are required for desmin collapse. This altered desmin architecture impairs mechanotransduction and compromises mitochondrial network stability priming mitochondria transport through microtubule-dependent trafficking with a mechanism that involves the Drp1-dependent regulation of kinesin-1 complex.
Immunological history governs human stem cell memory CD4 heterogeneity via the Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Kared Hassen , Tan Shu Wen , Lau Mai Chan , Chevrier Marion , Tan Crystal , How Wilson , Wong Glenn , Strickland Marie , Malleret Benoit , Amoah Amanda , Pilipow Karolina , Zanon Veronica , Govern Naomi Mc , Lum Josephine , Chen Jin Miao , Lee Bernett , Florian Maria Carolina , Geiger Hartmut , Ginhoux Florent , Ruiz-Mateos Ezequiel , Fulop Tamas , Rajasuriar Reena , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Ng Tze Pin , Lugli Enrico , Larbi Anis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe diversity of the naïve T cell repertoire drives the replenishment potential and capacity of memory T cells to respond to immune challenges. Attrition of the immune system is associated with an increased prevalence of pathologies in aged individuals, but whether stem cell memory T lymphocytes (TSCM) contribute to such attrition is still unclear. Using single cells RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow cytometry, we demonstrate that TSCM heterogeneity results from differential engagement of Wnt signaling. In humans, aging is associated with the coupled loss of Wnt/β-catenin signature in CD4 TSCM and systemic increase in the levels of Dickkopf-related protein 1, a natural inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Functional assays support recent thymic emigrants as the precursors of CD4 TSCM. Our data thus hint that reversing TSCM defects by metabolic targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a viable approach to restore and preserve immune homeostasis in the context of immunological history.
Dimension-reconfigurable bubble film nanochannel for wetting based sensing
Authors: Ma Yu , Sun Miao , Duan Xuexin , van den Berg Albert , Eijkel Jan C. T. , Xie Yanbo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDimensions and surface properties are the predominant factors for the applications of nanofluidic devices. Here we use a thin liquid film as a nanochannel by inserting a gas bubble in a glass capillary, a technique we name bubble-based film nanofluidics. The height of the film nanochannel can be regulated by the Debye length and wettability, while the length independently changed by applied pressure. The film nanochannel behaves functionally identically to classical solid state nanochannels, as ion concentration polarizations. Furthermore, the film nanochannels can be used for label-free immunosensing, by principle of wettability change at the solid interface. The optimal sensitivity for the biotin-streptavidin reaction is two orders of magnitude higher than for the solid state nanochannel, suitable for a full range of electrolyte concentrations. We believe that the film nanochannel represents a class of nanofluidic devices that is of interest for fundamental studies and also can be widely applied, due to its reconfigurable dimensions, low cost, ease of fabrication and multiphase interfaces.
A universal, plug-and-play synchronisation scheme for practical quantum networks
Authors: D’Auria Virginia , Fedrici Bruno , Ngah Lutfi Arif , Kaiser Florian , Labonté Laurent , Alibart Olivier , Tanzilli Sébastien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe propose and experimentally demonstrate a plug-and-play, practical, and enabling method allowing to synchronise the building blocks of a quantum network in an all-optical way. Our scheme relies on mature and reliable classical telecommunication and non-linear optical technologies, and can be implemented in a universal way with off-the-shelf components. Compared to already reported solutions, it allows achieving high-quality synchronisation compatible with high network-operation rate and is free from opto-electronic jitters affecting servo-loop-based configurations. We test our scheme with a genuine quantum optical method in terms of the interference between two photons coming from two remotely synchronised sources spaced by distances of up to 100 km. Measured visibilities well above 90% confirm the validity of our approach. Due its simplicity and high-quality performance, our scheme paves the way for the synchronisation of long-distance quantum networks based on fibre, free-space, as well as hybrid solutions.
Rapid inference of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility by genomic neighbour typing
Authors: Břinda Karel , Callendrello Alanna , Ma Kevin C. , MacFadden Derek R. , Charalampous Themoula , Lee Robyn S. , Cowley Lauren , Wadsworth Crista B. , Grad Yonatan H. , Kucherov Gregory , O’Grady Justin , Baym Michael , Hanage William P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSurveillance of drug-resistant bacteria is essential for healthcare providers to deliver effective empirical antibiotic therapy. However, traditional molecular epidemiology does not typically occur on a timescale that could affect patient treatment and outcomes. Here, we present a method called ‘genomic neighbour typing’ for inferring the phenotype of a bacterial sample by identifying its closest relatives in a database of genomes with metadata. We show that this technique can infer antibiotic susceptibility and resistance for both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We implemented this with rapid k-mer matching, which, when used on Oxford Nanopore MinION data, can run in real time. This resulted in the determination of resistance within 10 min (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity for S. pneumoniae and 81% sensitivity and 100% specificity for N. gonorrhoeae from isolates with a representative database) of starting sequencing, and within 4 h of sample collection (75% sensitivity and 100% specificity for S. pneumoniae) for clinical metagenomic sputum samples. This flexible approach has wide application for pathogen surveillance and may be used to greatly accelerate appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment.
Foresight in a Game of Leadership
Authors: Perry Logan , Gavrilets Sergey 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLeadership can be effective in promoting cooperation within a group, but as the saying goes “heavy is the head that wears the crown”. A lot of debate still surrounds exactly what motivates individuals to expend the effort necessary to lead their groupmates. Evolutionary game theoretic models represent individual’s thought processes by strategy update protocols. The most common of these are random mutation, individual learning, selective imitation, and myopic optimization. Recently we introduced a new strategy update protocol - foresight - which takes into account future payoffs, and how groupmates respond to one’s own strategies. Here we apply our approach to a new 2 × 2 game, where one player, a leader, ensures via inspection and punishment that the other player, a subordinate, produces collective good. We compare the levels of inspection and production predicted by Nash Equilibrium, Quantal Response Equilibrium, level-k cognition, fictitious play, reinforcement learning, selective payoff-biased imitation, and foresight. We show that only foresight and selective imitation are effective at promoting contribution by the subordinate and inspection and punishment by the leader. The role of selective imitation in cultural and social evolution is well appreciated. In line with our prior findings, foresight is a viable alternative route to cooperation.
Investigation of spin stiffness in spin-depolarized states of two-dimensional electron systems with time-resolved Kerr rotation
Authors: Larionov A. V. , Stepanets-Khussein E. , Kulik L. V. , Umansky V. , Kukushkin I. V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn experimental technique based on time-resolved Kerr rotation allows a comparison of the spin stiffnesses of different spin-polarized and depolarized states in a two-dimensional electron system. With this technique, a new spin-correlated phase that has no known analogues was discovered. The new spin-depolarized phase is characterized by high spin stiffness equal to that of a spin-polarized quantum Hall ferromagnet.
Effectiveness of interventions for changing HIV related risk behaviours among key populations in low-income setting: A Meta-Analysis, 2001–2016
Authors: Deuba Keshab , Sapkota Diksha , Shrestha Upendra , Shrestha Rachana , Rawal Bir Bahadur , Badal Komal , Baird Kathleen , Ekström Anna Mia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this review was to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to reduce HIV-related risk behaviours among key populations: people who inject drugs, female sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender in Nepal over the last two decades. Using four electronic databases, we performed a systematic search of the literature on HIV interventions implemented in Nepal and published from January 2001 to December 2016. In addition, grey literature was also scrutinised for potential articles. The search focussed specifically on behavioural interventions (peer education and HIV testing services) targeted for key populations. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled odds ratio for dichotomous outcomes (condom use in last sex or unsafe injection practices), pooled HIV prevalence and subgroup analyses by age groups and epidemic zones in Nepal. Forty-three studies with 15,642 participants were included (people who inject drugs: 7105; men who have sex with men and transgender: 2637; female sex workers: 5900). Pooled prevalence showed a higher occurrence of HIV among people who inject drugs (12%) followed by men who have sex with men/transgender (5%) and female sex workers (2%) respectively. There was a significant increase in the odds of condom use among female sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender who received peer education interventions in both informal and formal setting compared to those who did not. Similarly, the odds of condom use among female sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender improved significantly among those who received HIV counselling and testing services as compared to those who did not use such services. Subgroup analyses also verified the effectiveness of these interventions for both young and adult key populations and across all three epidemic zones. However, none of the included interventions were found to be effective for reducing unsafe injection practices among people who inject drugs. HIV prevention interventions in Nepal have effectively reduced risky behaviours among female sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender over the last two decades but not among people who inject drugs. This calls for continued implementation of existing efforts as well as for new interventions adapted to the needs of people who inject drugs.
Genetic Basis and Genotype–Phenotype Correlations in Han Chinese Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Xin-Lin , Xie Jun , Lan Rong-Fang , Kang Li-Na , Wang Lian , Xu Wei , Xu Biao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the leading causes of heart failure. A large proportion of genetic cause remains unexplained, especially in idiopathic DCM. We performed target next-generation sequencing of 102 genes which were known causes or candidate genes for cardiomyopathies and channelpathies in 118 prospectively recruited Han Chinese patients with idiopathic DCM. 41 of the 118 patients carried 40 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, providing a molecular diagnosis in 34.7% of patients. 32 of these variants were novel. TTN truncating variants were predominant, with a frequency of 31.0%, followed by variants of LMNA (14.3%), RBM20 (4.8%), and NEXN (4.8%). These 4 genes accounted for over half variants identified. No significant difference in clinical characteristics or rates of reaching the composite end point (cardiac transplantation and death from cardiac causes) between pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant carriers and noncarriers (hazard ratio 1.11, 95% CI: 0.41 to 3.00), or between patients with TTN truncating variants or without (hazard ratio 0.49, 95% CI: 0.36 to 6.10). In our prospective study, we first determined the overall genetic profiles and genotype-phenotype correlations in Han Chinese idiopathic DCM patients, which could provide insight for genetic diagnosis of DCM in this population.
Optimized three-level quantum transfers based on frequency-modulated optical excitations
Authors: Petiziol Francesco , Arimondo Ennio , Giannelli Luigi , Mintert Florian , Wimberger Sandro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe difficulty in combining high fidelity with fast operation times and robustness against sources of noise is the central challenge of most quantum control problems, with immediate implications for the realization of quantum devices. We theoretically propose a protocol, based on the widespread stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique, which achieves these objectives for quantum state transfers in generic three-level systems. Our protocol realizes accelerated adiabatic following through the application of additional control fields on the optical excitations. These act along frequency sidebands of the principal adiabatic pulses, dynamically counteracting undesired transitions. The scheme facilitates experimental control, not requiring new hardly-accessible resources. We show numerically that the method is efficient in a very wide set of control parameters, bringing the timescales closer to the quantum speed limit, also in the presence of environmental disturbance. These results hold for complete population transfers and for many applications, e.g., for realizing quantum gates, both for optical and microwave implementations. Furthermore, extensions to adiabatic passage problems in more-level systems are straightforward.
Microwave assisted synthesis of ZnO-PbS heterojuction for degradation of organic pollutants under visible light
Authors: Mano Ganapathy , Harinee Subramanian , Sridhar Sampath , Ashok Mahalingam , Viswanathan Alagan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractZnO, PbS and ZnO-PbS heterojunction were prepared by microwave irradiation to improve the organic pollutants degradation under visible light irradiation. Hexagonal (wurtzite) and cubic crystal structure of ZnO and PbS respectively were confirmed by PXRD. Nano-plate, nano-sponge and nano-sponge imprinted over nano-sheet like morphology of ZnO, PbS and ZnO-PbS respectively were revealed through FESEM analysis. HR-TEM analysis provides the formation of heterojunction. XPS analysis shows the presence of the ZnO-PbS heterojunction. UV-Visible spectroscopy confirms the enhanced visible light response of ZnO-PbS heterojunction than the bare ZnO. The PL and EIS results indicate ZnO-PbS heterojunction exhibited lowest recombination of excitons and electron transfer resistance. Synergistic effect of ZnO-PbS heterojunction leads to efficient degradation against organic pollutants than bare ZnO and PbS. Aniline and formaldehyde were successfully degraded around 95% and 79% respectively, under solar light irradiation. As-prepared photocatalysts obeys pseudo first order reaction kinetics. HPLC analysis also confirms the successful mineralization of organic pollutants into water and CO2.
Berry-Hannay relation in nonlinear optomechanics
Authors: Latmiral Ludovico , Armata Federico 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe address the quantum-classical comparison of phase measurements in optomechanics in the general framework of Berry phases for composite systems. While the relation between Berry phase and Hannay angle has been proven for a large set of quadratic Hamiltonians, such correspondence has not been shown so far in the case of non-linear interactions (e.g. when three or more operators are involved). Remarkably, considering the full optomechanical interaction we recover the aforementioned mathematical relation with the Hannay angle obtained from classical equations of motion. Our results link at a fundamental level previous proposals to measure decoherence, such as the one expressed by Marshall et al., with the no-go theorem shown by Armata et al., which provides boundaries to understand the quantum-to-classical transition in optomechanics.
Closed-Loop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscope Based on Rb-Xe
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhao Nan , Wang Yan-Hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes have the potential to outperform other kinds of gyroscopes with the merits of high precision, small volume, low consumption. Here we present a closed-loop NMRG system based on the spin-exchange optical pumping of Rb-Xe. We have established a theoretical model for the closed-loop NMRG system and obtained the transfer function. The step response, frequency response of the closed-loop NMRG system are calculated through the transfer function. We also have studied the influence of closed-loop parameters for the performance of NMRG experimentally, involving step response, frequency response, and sensitivity. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical data. Our work is promising in improving the performance of NMRG in the future.