bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy for acute onset of ulcerative colitis during chemoradiotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma (successfully treated by surgery): a case report
Authors: Mohri Koichi , Hiramatsu Kazuhiro , Shibata Yoshihisa , Aoba Taro , Fujii Masahiro , Arimoto Atsuki , Ito Akira , Kato Takehito 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) developing during chemotherapy is very rare. Here, we describe a case of acute onset during chemoradiotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma, requiring a total proctocolectomy.

Case presentation
A 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for chemoradiotherapy of lung cancer. He had no obvious history of gastrointestinal diseases, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy was initiated. Thirteen days after 2 cycles of cisplatin and vinorelbine, he experienced persistent hematochezia. Findings of the colonoscopy revealed edematous thickening from the rectum to the transverse colon, suggesting UC, drug-induced colitis, or infectious colitis. Results from bacterial culture were negative for Clostridium difficile and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Immunohistological staining for cytomegalovirus was also negative. Although he was clinically diagnosed with UC and treated with intravenous glucocorticoid, his symptoms gradually worsened and an abdominal X-ray revealed megacolon. Thirty-five days after conservative therapy, a total proctocolectomy with end permanent ileostomy was performed. Based on pathological findings and clinical course, he was diagnosed with UC.

Conclusion
Although the pathogenesis of UC during chemotherapy has been unknown, chemotherapy could be one of the causes of UC in this case. UC should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with progressive colitis during chemotherapy.
Biochemical and electrophoretic study for diagnosis of the disease stage in patients with asthmatic bronchitis
Authors: Aboulthana Wael M. , Darwish Marwa K. , Halim Mohab H. , El-Baz Hatim A. , Ahmed Osama S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthmatic bronchitis is a chronic allergic airway disease diagnosed after development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms. This study was designed to reveal relation of the different electrophoretic patterns to impairment of the lung functions in patients with asthmatic bronchitis.Materials and methodsPatients were categorized into patients at mild stage (n= 10) and those at severe stage (n= 12) in comparison to healthy group (n= 21). The major blood components, arterial blood gases and electrolytes were immediately assayed in addition to assessment of liver enzymes and kidney functions. The pulmonary indices including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio of FEV1 to FVC and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were assayed. Furthermore, protein, lipid and calcium moieties of native protein patterns in addition to isoenzemes were electrophoretically detected.ResultsIt was found that liver and kidney functions were significantly (P< 0.05) elevated in asthmatic bronchitis patients. Ca2+is the only electrolyte that decreased significantly (P< 0.05) at the severe stage. Electrophoretic patterns showed that asthmatic bronchitis disease at mild and severe stages were physiologically similar to control by 54.5 and 75.6% (protein), 73.1 and 41.6% (lipid moiety), 66.4 and 30.6% (calcium moiety), respectively. As regards to electrophoretic isoenzymes, the disease at mild and severe stages were similar to control by 95.2 and 35.4% (catalase (CAT)), 40.1 and 50.5% (peroxidase (POX)), 67.9 and 69.6% (α-esterase (α-EST)), 83.1 and 73.1% (β-esterase (β-EST)), respectively.ConclusionThe native electrophoretic patterns used as diagnostic tool for determining the stage at which the patients with asthmatic bronchitis exist.
Analysis of the internal architectural elements of tidal-influenced meandering fluvial deposits using well logging and seismic data: The study of the Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Cheng Lifang , Yin Yanshu , Wang Hui , Feng Wenjie , Wang Lixin , Liu Zhenkun , Wang Pangen , Liu Jiong 
Published: June 2020

A reservoir was dominated by inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) formed in large point bars of the McMurray Formation. We have used high-resolution seismic data and logging data to identify the internal architectural elements of the reservoir. From the core data, we defined four lithofacies and recognized the architectural element boundary. Then, we used stratum dip data across wells, combined with seismic reflectivity, isopach, and amplitude attributes, to understand the lateral continuity of the boundaries. Later, we established the sedimentary model and found the differences between tidal-influenced meandering fluvial channels and conventional meandering fluvial channels. Research showed that tidal bedding was especially well-developed, and breccia deposition and muddy IHS were also frequent. The development of the lateral accretion packages was more frequent than that in the conventional meandering fluvial channels. The characteristics of the interbedded layers in sandy IHS were very thin, mainly approximately 20 to 40 cm. The dip of the lateral accretion packages was smaller and distributed from 4° to 8°. The studies were expected to have a major impact on the understanding of reservoir formation, distribution, and heterogeneity for improved hydrocarbon recovery purpose in the area.
Security needs among patients referred for high secure care in Broadmoor Hospital England
Authors: Williams Hannah Kate , Senanayke Madhri , Ross Callum C. , Bates Rob , Davoren Mary 
Published: June 2020

Background
Security needs among patients referred to forensic mental health services have rarely been systematically studied.

Aims
To ascertain security needs among patients referred to a high secure hospital, Broadmoor High Secure Hospital, England. We also aimed to compare the security needs for those referred to mental illness services with those referred to personality disorder services in the hospital.

Method
A retrospective complete cohort study of all referrals to Broadmoor Hospital over a 2-year period was conducted. All referred patients (n = 204) were assessed for need for high secure care by two Broadmoor clinicians. The final decision on need for admission was taken by a multidisciplinary admission panel. Independent of the panel, researchers rated need for security using the DUNDRUM-1 triage security scale.

Results
Those admitted to Broadmoor Hospital had higher triage security scores than those declined (F = 4.209, d.f. = 1, P = 0.042). Referrals to the personality disorder pathway had higher security needs than those referred to the mental illness pathway high secure service (F = 6.9835, d.f. = 1, P = 0.0089). Overall security needs among referrals to Broadmoor were extremely high, both by comparison with previous needs identified in UK medium secure services and international medium and high secure services.

Conclusions
High secure patient cohorts represent a uniquely vulnerable group within mental health services, with extremely high security needs identified in this study. This has significant implications for services given the high levels of resources needed to provide therapeutically safe and secure care and treatment to this group.
Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for the Comprehensive Treatment of Oligometastatic Cancers: Long-Term Results of the SABR-COMET Phase II Randomized Trial
Authors: Palma David A. , Olson Robert , Harrow Stephen , Gaede Stewart , Louie Alexander V. , Haasbeek Cornelis , Mulroy Liam , Lock Michael , Rodrigues George B. , Yaremko Brian P. , Schellenberg Devin , Ahmad Belal , Senthi Sashendra , Swaminath Anand , Kopek Neil , Liu Mitchell , Moore Karen , Currie Suzanne , Schlijper Roel , Bauman Glenn S. , Laba Joanna , Qu X. Melody , Warner Andrew , Senan Suresh 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE The oligometastatic paradigm hypothesizes that patients with a limited number of metastases may achieve long-term disease control, or even cure, if all sites of disease can be ablated. However, long-term randomized data that test this paradigm are lacking. METHODS We enrolled patients with a controlled primary malignancy and 1-5 metastatic lesions, with all metastases amenable to stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). We stratified by the number of metastases (1-3 v 4-5) and randomized in a 1:2 ratio between palliative standard-of-care (SOC) treatments (arm 1) and SOC plus SABR (arm 2). We used a randomized phase II screening design with a primary end point of overall survival (OS), using an α of .20 (wherein P < .20 indicates a positive trial). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity, and quality of life (QOL). Herein, we present long-term outcomes from the trial. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2016, 99 patients were randomly assigned at 10 centers internationally. The most common primary tumor types were breast (n = 18), lung (n = 18), colorectal (n = 18), and prostate (n = 16). Median follow-up was 51 months. The 5-year OS rate was 17.7% in arm 1 (95% CI, 6% to 34%) versus 42.3% in arm 2 (95% CI, 28% to 56%; stratified log-rank P = .006). The 5-year PFS rate was not reached in arm 1 (3.2%; 95% CI, 0% to 14% at 4 years with last patient censored) and 17.3% in arm 2 (95% CI, 8% to 30%; P = .001). There were no new grade 2-5 adverse events and no differences in QOL between arms. CONCLUSION With extended follow-up, the impact of SABR on OS was larger in magnitude than in the initial analysis and durable over time. There were no new safety signals, and SABR had no detrimental impact on QOL.
Years of Potential Life Lost Because of Breast and Cervical Cancers in Guatemala
Authors: Kihn-Alarcón Alba J. , Alvarado-Muñoz Juan F. , Orozco-Fuentes Loida I. , Calgua-Guerra Erwin , Fuentes-de Falla Vicky , Velarde Angel 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE Worldwide cervical and breast cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers and are leading cause of cancer deaths among females in low- and middle-income countries. In Guatemala, breast and cervical cancers are the main cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the years of potential life lost (YPLL) as an indicator of premature deaths as a result of breast and cervical cancers. METHODS Data on the number of deaths as a result of breast and cervical cancers (International Classification of Diseases [10th revision] codes C50 and C53) between 2012 and 2016 and age composition by quinquennials were retrieved from the Health Information System of the Guatemalan Health Ministry. On the basis of each individual’s age at death, YPLL was estimated for females between 20 and 70 years of age. RESULTS A total of 1,476 deaths related to breast and cervical cancers was reported over the study period. The trend in breast cancer mortality rate and YPLL did not change from 2012 to 2016. The cervical cancer mortality rate has decreased to 10 deaths per 1 million habitants ( P = .046). There has been a reduction in YPLL because of cervical cancer, from 50.18 YPLL in 2012 to 29.19 YPLL by 2016, mainly in women between 30 and 34 years of age, in whom YPLL decreased from 600 to 112.50 ( P = .046). CONCLUSION Cervical cancer screening has significantly reduced the mortality rate of this malignancy, and screening of breast cancer must include creating awareness of the disease and providing access to women at risk.
Pharmacodynamic studies of nasal tetracosactide with salivary glucocorticoids for a noninvasive Short Synacthen Test
Authors: Elder Charlotte J , Vilela Ruben , Johnson Trevor N , Taylor Rosie N , Kemp E Helen , Keevil Brian G , Cross Alexandra S , Ross Richard J , Wright Neil P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
The Short Synacthen Test (SST) is the gold standard for diagnosing adrenal insufficiency. It requires invasive administration of Synacthen, venous sampling, and is resource-intensive.

Objective
To develop a nasally administered SST, with salivary glucocorticoids measurement, to assess the adrenal response.

Design
We conducted 5 studies: 4 open-label, sequence-randomized, crossover, pharmacodynamic studies testing 6 doses/formulations and a repeatability study. Additionally, pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken using our chosen formulation, 500 µg tetracosactide with mucoadhesive chitosan, Nasacthin003, in our pediatric study.

Setting
Adult and children’s clinical research facilities.

Participants
A total of 36 healthy adult males and 24 healthy children.

Intervention
We administered all 6 nasal formulations using an European regulator endorsed atomization device. The IV comparators were 250 µg or 1 µg SST.

Main Outcome Measures
We analyzed paired blood and saliva samples for plasma cortisol and salivary cortisol and cortisone.

Results
The addition of chitosan to tetracosactide and dose escalation increased peak cortisol response (P = 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). The bioavailability of Nasacthin003 was 14.3%. There was no significant difference in plasma cortisol at 60 minutes between 500 µg Nasacthin003 and 250 µg IV Synacthen (P = 0.17). The repeatability coefficient at 60 minutes was 105 nmol/L for IV Synacthen and salivary cortisol and cortisone was 10.3 and 21.1 nmol/L, respectively. The glucocorticoid response in children was indistinguishable from that of adults.

Conclusions
Nasal administration of Nasacthin003 generates equivalent plasma cortisol values to the 250-µg IV SST and, with measurement at 60 minutes of salivary cortisol or cortisone, provides a noninvasive test for adrenal insufficiency.
Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diets With Whey, Vegetable, or Animal Protein in Patients With Obesity: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Basciani Sabrina , Camajani Elisabetta , Contini Savina , Persichetti Agnese , Risi Renata , Bertoldi Loris , Strigari Lidia , Prossomariti Giancarlo , Watanabe Mikiko , Mariani Stefania , Lubrano Carla , Genco Alfredo , Spera Giovanni , Gnessi Lucio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
We compared the efficacy, safety, and effect of 45-day isocaloric very-low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs) incorporating whey, vegetable, or animal protein on the microbiota in patients with obesity and insulin resistance to test the hypothesis that protein source may modulate the response to VLCKD interventions.

Subjects and Methods
Forty-eight patients with obesity (19 males and 29 females, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index ≥ 2.5, aged 56.2 ± 6.1 years, body mass index [BMI] 35.9 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to three 45-day isocaloric VLCKD regimens (≤800 kcal/day) containing whey, plant, or animal protein. Anthropometric indexes; blood and urine chemistry, including parameters of kidney, liver, glucose, and lipid metabolism; body composition; muscle strength; and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome were assessed. Adverse events were also recorded.

Results
Body weight, BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference, HOMA index, insulin, and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in all patients. Patients who consumed whey protein had a more pronounced improvement in muscle strength. The markers of renal function worsened slightly in the animal protein group. A decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes were observed after the consumption of VLCKDs. This pattern was less pronounced in patients consuming animal protein.

Conclusions
VLCKDs led to significant weight loss and a striking improvement in metabolic parameters over a 45-day period. VLCKDs based on whey or vegetable protein have a safer profile and result in a healthier microbiota composition than those containing animal proteins. VLCKDs incorporating whey protein are more effective in maintaining muscle performance.
Development of a cell-free split-luciferase biochemical assay as a tool for screening for inhibitors of challenging protein-protein interaction targets
Authors: Cooley Rachel , Kara Neesha , Hui Ning Sze , Tart Jonathan , Roustan Chloë , George Roger , Hancock David C. , Binkowski Brock F. , Wood Keith V. , Ismail Mohamed , Downward Julian 
Published: June 2020

Targeting the interaction of proteins with weak binding affinities or low solubility represents a particular challenge for drug screening. The NanoLuc ® Binary Technology (NanoBiT ®) was originally developed to detect protein-protein interactions in live mammalian cells. Here we report the successful translation of the NanoBit cellular assay into a biochemical, cell-free format using mammalian cell lysates. We show that the assay is suitable for the detection of both strong and weak protein interactions such as those involving the binding of RAS oncoproteins to either RAF or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) effectors respectively, and that it is also effective for the study of poorly soluble protein domains such as the RAS binding domain of PI3K. Furthermore, the RAS interaction assay is sensitive and responds to both strong and weak RAS inhibitors. Our data show that the assay is robust, reproducible, cost-effective, and can be adapted for small and large-scale screening approaches. The NanoBit Biochemical Assay offers an attractive tool for drug screening against challenging protein-protein interaction targets, including the interaction of RAS with PI3K.
Does cereal, protein and micronutrient availability hold the key to the malnutrition conundrum? An exploratory analysis of cereal cultivation and wasting patterns of India
Authors: Sanjeev Rama Krishna , Nuggehalli Srinivas Prashanth , Krishnan Bindu , Basappa Yogish Channa , Dinesh Akshay S. , Ulahannan Sabu K. 
Published: June 2020

Background: High prevalence of maternal malnutrition, low birth-weight and child malnutrition in India contribute substantially to the global malnutrition burden. Rural India has disproportionately higher levels of child malnutrition. Stunting and wasting are the primary determinants of malnutrition and their district-level distribution shows clustering in different geographies and regions. Methods: The last round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS4) has disaggregated data by district, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the prevalence of markers of malnutrition. We used data from NFHS4 and agricultural statistics datasets to analyse relationship of cereal cultivation with the prevalence of child malnutrition. We studied the current science on growth-related nutrient-sensing pathways to explain this pattern. Results: Stunting and wasting patterns across districts show a distinct geographical and age distribution; districts with higher wasting showed early prevalence of 40% at six months of age. Wasting was associated with higher cultivation of millets, with a stronger association seen for jowar and other millets. Low maternal BMI in districts with higher wasting could be linked to the consumption of millets as staple. We conceptualised a hypothetical schematic pathway linking early origin of wasting in children with millet-based diet, driven by inhibition of critical intra-cellular pathways controlling growth covering pre-natal, post-natal and early childhood. The analysis was limited by lack of fine-scale data on prevalence of low birth-weight and type of cereal consumed. Conclusions: Multi-site observational studies of long-term effects of type of cereals consumed could help explain the ecogeographic distribution of malnutrition in India. Cereals, particularly millets constitute the bulk of protein intake among the poor, especially in rural areas in India where wasting persists. Policies and programs targeting malnutrition need to address type of cereal consumed in order to impact childhood malnutrition in parts of India where subsistence cultivation of millets for staple consumption is prevalent.
Conclusion to the Special Issue: Understanding the Direct Support Workforce in the United States
Authors: Hewitt Amy S. , Laws Carol B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This special issue sheds light on the needs of the direct support professionals (DSPs), as well the possibilities when positive practices are implemented. A commitment to quality services and quality lives requires a commitment to finding solutions that better support DSPs so they can afford (emotionally, physically and financially) to keep doing the work they love. Improving supports to people with IDD is contingent on improving the compensation, working conditions, professional development, and career opportunities of DSPs.
The Prevalence of OSA Among an Adult Population With Down Syndrome Referred to a Medical Clinic
Authors: Cornacchia Michelle , Sethness Janis , Alapat Philip , Lin Yu-Hsiang , Peacock Cynthia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder affecting approximately 16% of adults (24% of men and 9% of women), and, if untreated, it can cause significant complications (Young, 2009). This study evaluates 56 adult patients with Down syndrome and analyzed retrospective data to determine the: (1) prevalence of OSA, (2) severity of OSA, and (3) association between body mass index (BMI) and OSA. Of those participants that had polysomnography (PSG) testing available, 82.1% were diagnosed with OSA, divided by severity into mild (45.7%), moderate (15.2%), and severe (39.1%) levels. Because of the high prevalence of OSA among our study population, we recommend that all adults with DS be screened for OSA with PSG.
Ultra-fast all optical half-adder realized by combining AND/XOR logical gates using a nonlinear nanoring resonator
Authors: Sami Parisa , Shen Chao , Hosseinzadeh Sani Mojtaba 
Published: June 2020

We proposed an optical half-adder design using nonlinear materials, photonic crystal structure shape of hexagonal lattice layout, and silicon dielectric rods in the air bed. The optical half-adder structure is designed and optimized by combining the AND and XOR logic gates. The compound AlGaAs is used as a nonlinear material in the structure. The linear part of AlGaAs material is

n

1

=
1.4

, and the nonlinear part is

n

2

=
1.5
×

10

−
17

. The main performance for all-optical logic gates is set at an operating wavelength of 1.55 µm. The time delay at all optical gates provided has a 3.1 PS response time with on/off contrast ratio for SUM and CARRY ports of 12.78 dB and 12.9 dB, respectively, and the bit rate is 0.322 Tb/s. In the best case, the 1/0 contrast ratio between input = 1 and input = 0 is 4.59 dB. The computations are performed using the finite difference two-dimensional method.
Selective grating obtained by dye microstructuration based on local photobleaching using a laser writer
Authors: Gassenq Alban , Chevrier Kevin , Bard Antoine , Benoit Jean-Michel , Symonds Clémentine , Bellessa Joel 
Published: June 2020

We propose a method to pattern organic optically active materials based on local photobleaching for creating a wavelength-selective grating. Usually, photobleaching is considered a limitation for an organic emitter. Here, this property is exploited to locally suppress dye emission and absorption at the microscale with an abrupt interface and no changes in layer thickness. Periodic patterns were fabricated and exhibit diffraction only at a 590 nm wavelength with a spectral selectivity of 11 nm. Based on laser writer flexibility and efficiency, this study shows the potential of local photobleaching for applications such as wavelength-selective grating fabrication.