bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is 99mTc bone scintigraphy necessary in the preoperative workup for patients with cT1N0 subsolid lung cancer? A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Li Hang , Ye Ting , Li Nan , Xia Guozhan , Li Bin , Zhang Yang , Hu Hong , Sun Yihua , Zhang Yawei , Xiang Jiaqing , Ma Dongchun , Weng Yuan , Liu Shilei , Jia Chunyi , Qian Bin , Gu Yajia , Li Yuan , Song Shaoli , Chen Haiquan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground99mTc bone scintigraphy (BS) is still the most common approach for the evaluation of bone metastasis in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity of BS as part of a routine preoperative workup for patients with cT1N0 subsolid lung cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter clinical trial (NCT03689439). Patients with cT1N0 subsolid nodules who were candidates for surgical resection were consecutively enrolled into the study. BS was performed preoperatively. The surgical plan could be changed if a positive result was detected. The primary endpoint was the incidence rate of the surgical plan being changed because of positive BS results. The secondary endpoint was the rate of positive BS findings and the rate of related complications.ResultsFrom November 2018 to July 2019, 691 patients were enrolled into the study. None of the patients had positive BS results and no surgical plans were changed by BS findings. There were 222 male and 469 female patients. The average age was 54.8 ± 3.7 years old. The average tumor diameter was 14.9 ± 4.2 mm. There were 282 patients with pure GGO nodules and 409 with part‐solid nodules. A total of 470 patients had a single nodule, while 221 patients had multifocal lesions. The number of patients whose pathological diagnosis was invasive adenocarcinoma, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma in situ and mucinous adenocarcinoma was 357, 293, 32 and nine, respectively. The number of patients who underwent lobectomy, segmentectomy and wedge resection was 234, 199 and 258, respectively.Conclusions99mTc bone scintigraphy is unnecessary in the preoperative workup for patients with cT1N0 subsolid lung cancer.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyIn this prospective study of 691 patients with cT1N0 subsolid lung cancer, no surgical plans were affected by positive bone scan findings.What this study addsWe suggest physicians consider canceling BS from preoperative workup for cT1 subsolid lung cancer patients.Clinical trial registry number: NCT03689439.
Key structural features in cis‐carane, (+)‐3‐carene, cis‐pinane, (+)‐α‐pinene, and (−)‐β‐pinene influencing red turpentine beetle primary attraction when released with ethanol
Authors: Kelsey Rick G. , Westlind Douglas J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn US Pacific Northwest ponderosa pine forests the primary attraction order shown previously for red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol > (+)‐3‐carene+ethanol > (+)‐α‐pinene+ethanol. The monoterpenes are bicyclic C10H16 isomers containing one 6‐carbon ring with one double bond. Both pinenes have a 4‐carbon second ring and differ only by their endocyclic or exocyclic double bond. The (+)‐3‐carene second ring has 3‐carbons; its double bond is endocyclic like (+)‐α‐pinene.
Ring system and double bond influences on primary attraction were evaluated by hydrogenating (+)‐3‐carene and (+)‐α‐pinene to cis‐carane and cis‐pinane, respectively. Field test primary attraction strengths were (−)‐β‐pinene+ethanol > cis‐carane+ethanol > cis‐pinane+ethanol > ethanol.
In combination with ethanol (i) a double bond is not required in either ring system to attract D. valens, (ii) the cis‐carane bicyclic 3, 6‐carbon ring system provides stronger beetle attraction than the cis‐pinane 4, 6‐carbon bicyclic ring system, and likely structural basis for stronger (+)‐3‐carene attraction over (+)‐α‐pinene, (iii) adding an exocyclic double bond to the 4, 6‐carbon ring system elevates attraction above the 3, 6‐carbon ring system with no double bond, and (iv) the 4, 6‐carbon ring system is a much stronger attractant with an exocyclic rather than endocyclic double bond.
Next steps for drowning prevention in rural and remote Australia: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Taylor Danielle H. , Peden Amy E. , Franklin Richard C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine unintentional drowning by remoteness in Australia.DesignA systematic review of both peer‐reviewed and grey literature published between January 1990 and December 2019 (inclusive).MethodUsing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO (ProQuest), SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar were searched for studies exploring fatal and non‐fatal unintentional drowning by remoteness. Epidemiological data, common factors and prevention strategies were extracted and mapped to Australian standard geographical classifications (major cities, inner regional, outer regional, remote and very remote). Level of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and prevention strategies aligned to the hierarchy of control.ResultThirty‐two studies satisfied inclusion criteria (66% reporting epidemiology; 59% risk factors; and 44% prevention strategies). All (100%) included studies were assessed very low against Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Findings indicate rural populations (ie, excluding major cities) have higher rates of drowning positively correlated with increasing remoteness. Common factors included age (child), natural water bodies, undertaking boating and watercraft activities and alcohol consumption. While a range of prevention strategies has been proposed, only one study outlined a rural drowning prevention strategy which had been implemented and evaluated. Strategies were generally low on the hierarchy of control.ConclusionRural populations are proportionately overrepresented in drowning statistics. Proposed prevention strategies have unknown efficacy. Greater research into rural drowning of Australians is needed especially exploring behavioural motivations, program delivery, cost‐effectiveness and evaluation. Development and use of a standard definition for remoteness are recommended. Rural populations use water extensively; therefore, there is an urgent need to keep them safe.
Laparoscopic retroperitoneal splenopexy for wandering spleen: A novel technique using a three‐incision retroperitoneal pouch
Authors: Umeda Satoshi , Kimura Koki , Takama Yuichi , Yamauchi Katsuji , Yonekura Takeo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionWandering spleen is a rare condition for which splenopexy is indicated to prevent splenic torsion. We present a novel laparoscopic splenopexy technique for wandering spleen based on creation of a three‐incision retroperitoneal pouch.Materials and Surgical TechniqueA 12‐year‐old male patient with abdominal distention and vomiting was transferred to our institution. Contrast‐enhanced CT revealed a swollen wandering spleen with associated gastric volvulus, and the patient underwent laparoscopic surgery. A 5‐mm camera port was inserted through an umbilical incision with two additional ports, one in the right upper abdomen and one in the left flank. Normal saline was injected into the retroperitoneal space from the left flank with a 23‐G needle to create a retroperitoneal pouch. Three ventrodorsal peritoneal incisions were created at the same site in the peritoneum. The swollen spleen was inserted into the retroperitoneal pouch from the central incision, and the upper and lower poles of the spleen were exposed to the abdominal cavity from the cranial and caudal incisions to prevent splenic torsion. Finally, anterior gastropexy was performed. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 11 without complaints. As of 10 months after surgery, the patient had no recurrences of splenic torsion or gastric volvulus.DiscussionIn the present method, the retroperitoneal pouch was created without difficulty by injection of normal saline. Even in a patient with a swollen spleen, this novel method could prevent splenic torsion without using artificial materials or extensively dissecting the retroperitoneal space.
Estimating carbon biomass in forests using incomplete data
Authors: Wijedasa Lahiru S. , Jain Anuj , Ziegler Alan D. , Evans Theodore A. , Fung Tak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHistorical vegetation studies have been of limited use in total aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation because they only report incomplete data consisting of tree diameter‐class distributions or plot‐level summaries, rather than data on each tree individual. To address this issue, we assessed an existing method (ST‐n) and developed three new methods (ST‐p, PL‐n and PL‐p) for estimating total AGB using only incomplete data from tropical forest plots. ST‐n and ST‐p apply to studies with tree diameter‐class distributions (or stand tables, “ST”), whereas PL‐n and PL‐p apply to studies with plot‐level summary variables (“PL”) in the form of total tree basal area, mean tree diameter, and total number of trees. ST‐n and PL‐n are non‐parametric (“n”) methods that do not impose any form on the underlying distribution of tree diameters. In contrast, ST‐p and PL‐p are parametric (“p”) methods that involve fitting probability distributions of tree diameter to the data. We applied the methods to incomplete data from 58 1‐ha plots in Panama and 300 1‐ha pseudo‐plots (generated by randomly sampling tree diameters from empirical distributions for three larger plots) in Southeast Asia, and four allometric equations. For these two regions and equations, ST‐p gave low total proportional errors (TPEs, as measured by proportional root‐mean‐square error) of 1%–8%. In contrast, ST‐n gave moderate to large TPEs of 10%–66%. PL‐n and PL‐p gave low to moderate TPEs of 5%–30%. The methods have great potential to expand the pool of large‐scale baseline AGB assessments to historical studies with incomplete data.
Crestal bone changes around early vs. conventionally loaded implants with a multi‐phosphonate coated surface: A randomized pilot clinical trial
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Gutierrez‐Garrido Lourdes , Lopez‐Chaichio Lucia , Guerra‐Lorenzo Claudia , Rodriguez‐Alvarez Roque , Padial‐Molina Miguel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesTo compare the marginal bone level around implants with a thin multi‐phosphonate coated surface after either an early or conventional loading protocol.Material and methodsA randomized pilot clinical trial was conducted. Dental impressions were obtained after either 4 (test) or 8 weeks (control) and single crowns screwed‐in 2 weeks later. Several variables were evaluated including radiographical marginal bone level (MBL), patient's level variables, and those related to the restoration and surrounding tissues. These data were obtained at several time points up to a 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsThirty‐four patients were included in the study, 18 assigned to the test group. No differences at implant placement were detected for tissue thickness, keratinized mucosa, nor any other clinical or radiological variable. At the time of impressions, tissue was thinner in the test group (2.30 (0.46) versus 2.78 (0.66) mm, test versus control, respectively; p = .012) so shorter abutments were used in this group. Regardless, no significant changes in marginal bone level were detected neither within group along time nor between groups. The average MBL at the 1‐year follow‐up was −0.15 (0.32) versus −0.22 (0.37) (p = .443) (test versus control, respectively). None of the clinical or radiological variables evaluated had a determinant influence on the MBL at any visit nor group.ConclusionThe use of implants with a multi‐phosphonate coated surface for early loading offers successful radiographical outcomes 1 year after loading. MBL over time was not affected by taking the impressions 4 or 8 weeks after implant placement and loading them 2 weeks later.
Mitigation translocation as a management tool
Authors: Bradley Holly S. , Tomlinson Sean , Craig Michael D. , Cross Adam T. , Bateman Philip W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitigation translocation is a subgroup of conservation translocation, categorized by a crisis‐responsive time frame and the immediate goal of relocating individuals threatened with death. However, the relative successes of conservation translocations with longer time frames and broader metapopulation‐ and ecosystem‐level considerations have been used to justify the continued implementation of mitigation translocations without adequate post hoc monitoring to confirm their effectiveness as a conservation tool. Mitigation translocations now outnumber other conservation translocations, and understanding the effectiveness of mitigation translocations is critical given limited global conservation funding especially if the mitigation translocations undermine biodiversity conservation by failing to save individuals. We assessed the effectiveness of mitigation translocations by conducting a quantitative review of the global literature. A total of 59 mitigation translocations were reviewed for their adherence to the adaptive scientific approach expected of other conservation translocations and for the testing of management options to continue improving techniques for the future. We found that mitigation translocations have not achieved their potential as an effective applied science. Most translocations focused predominantly on population establishment‐ and persistence‐level questions, as is often seen in translocations more broadly, and less on metapopulation and ecosystem outcomes. Questions regarding the long‐term impacts to the recipient ecosystem (12% of articles) and the carrying capacity of translocation sites (24% of articles) were addressed least often, despite these factors being more likely to influence ultimate success. Less than half (47%) of studies included comparison of different management techniques to facilitate practitioners selecting the most effective management actions for the future. To align mitigation translocations with the relative success of other conservation translocations, it is critical that future mitigation translocations conform to an established experimental approach to improve their effectiveness. Effective mitigation translocations will require significantly greater investment of time, expertise, and resources in the future.
Major histocompatibility complex class II polymorphic variants are associated with asthma predisposition in the Punjabi population of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Raheela , Shahid Mariam , Bano Iqbal , Ayoub Muhammad , Sabar Muhammad Farooq , Altaf Saba , Kousar Samra , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Husnain Tayyab , Shahid Ahmad Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionVarious genome wide association studies have manifested that Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6p21 houses many potential candidate genes for asthma.ObjectiveThis Case‐Control association study was planned to determine the association of 10 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), residing within and around MHC genes’ region on chromosome 6p21, with Asthma in Punjabi population of Lahore, Pakistan.MethodsA total of 161 subjects, 61 physician‐diagnosed asthma patients and 100 age‐matched healthy controls, were recruited from Lahore, a city in Punjab. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs9378249, rs2070600, rs404860, rs6689, rs1049124, rs1063355, rs1049225, rs1049219, rs7773955 and rs928976) located within or near AGER, NOTCH and HLA genes in MHC region, were genotyped in both patients and controls using single base extension reaction and capillary electrophoresis‐based genetic analyser. Statistical models were applied using SHEsis Plus. Results were adjusted for various cofactors (age, gender and environment) and by applying multiple corrections. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were performed on Haploview software v4.1.ResultsThree of the studied SNPs rs1049124, rs1049219 and rs7773955 show independent significant association with asthma under allelic and genotypic models. Two of the haplotypes, H7 and H13, “CTAATTT” and “CCACTAT”, respectively, for rs2070600, rs404860, rs6689, rs1049124, rs1063355, rs1049219 and rs7773955, are found to be significantly associated with the disease.ConclusionThis study reports association of SNP variants residing on HLA‐DQB1 and HLA‐DQA2 genes and haplotypes H7 and H13 on genomic region 6p21 with Asthma in the Punjabi population of Lahore, Pakistan.
Paraoxonase‐2: A potential biomarker for skin cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Bacchetti Tiziana , Salvolini Eleonora , Pompei Veronica , Campagna Roberto , Molinelli Elisa , Brisigotti Valerio , Togni Lucrezia , Lucarini Guendalina , Sartini Davide , Campanati Anna , Mattioli‐Belmonte Monica , Rubini Corrado , Ferretti Gianna , Offidani Annamaria , Emanuelli Monica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous neoplasms include melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Among NMSCs, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) represents the most common lesion. On the contrary, although accounting for less than 5% of all skin cancers, melanoma is responsible for most of cutaneous malignancy‐related deaths. Paraoxonase‐2 (PON2) is an intracellular enzyme exerting a protective role against production of reactive oxygen species within mitochondrial respiratory chain. Recently, a growing attention has been focused on exploring the role of PON2 in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of PON2 in skin neoplasms.Materials and methods36 cases of BCC, distinguished between nodular and infiltrative lesions, as well as 29 melanoma samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate PON2 protein expression. Subsequent statistical analyses were carried out to explore the existence of correlations between intratumour enzyme levels and clinicopathological features.ResultsResults obtained showed PON2 overexpression in BCCs compared with controls. In particular, distinguishing between less and more aggressive tumour forms, we found no significant differences in enzyme levels between nodular BCCs and controls. Conversely, PON2 expression was significantly higher in infiltrative BCCs compared with controls. Moreover, the enzyme was strongly upregulated in melanoma samples with respect to controls. Interestingly, PON2 levels were positively correlated with Breslow thickness, Clark level, regression, mitoses, lymph node metastases, primary tumour (pT) parameter and pathological stage.ConclusionsReported findings seem to suggest that PON2 expression levels could be positively related with tumour aggressiveness of both BCC and melanoma.
Non‐invasive and tracheostomy invasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Utilization and survival rates in a cohort study over 12 years in Germany
Authors: Spittel Susanne , Maier André , Kettemann Dagmar , Walter Bertram , Koch Birgit , Krause Kerstin , Norden Jenny , Münch Christoph , Meyer Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim of this study was to investigate utilization rates, treatment pathways and survival prognosis in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) undergoing non‐invasive (NIV) and tracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV) in a real‐world setting.MethodsA prospective cohort study using a single‐centre register of 2702 ALS patients (2007 to 2019) was conducted. Utilization of NIV/TIV and survival data were analysed in three cohorts: (i) non‐NIV; (ii) NIV (NIV without subsequent TIV); and (iii) TIV (including TIV preceded by NIV).ResultsA total of 1720 patients with available data were identified, 72.0% of whom (n = 1238) did not receive ventilation therapy. NIV was performed in 20.8% of patients (n = 358). TIV was performed in 9.5% of patients (n = 164), encompassing both primary TIV (7.2%, n = 124) and TIV with preceding NIV (2.3%, n = 40). TIV was more often utilized without previous NIV (25.7% vs. 8.3% of all ventilated patients), demonstrating that primary TIV was the prevailing pathway for invasive ventilation. The median (range) survival was significantly longer in the NIV cohort (40.8 [37.2–44.3] months) and the TIV cohort (82.1 [68.7–95.6] months) as compared to the non‐NIV cohort (33.6 [31.6–35.7] months).ConclusionsAlthough NIV represents the standard of care, its utilization rate was low. TIV was mainly started without preceding NIV, suggesting that TIV may not be confined to NIV treatment escalation. However, TIV was pursued in a minority of patients who had previously undergone NIV. The survival benefit observed in the patients with NIV was equal to that reported in a controlled pivotal trial, but the prognosis with TIV is highly variable. The determinants of utilization of NIV/TIV and of survival (bulbar syndrome, availability of ventilation‐related home nursing, cultural factors) warrant further investigation.
Best of a bad job or masters of illusion: Do nest light conditions make the eggs of brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) more similar to the eggs of their hosts?
Authors: Rutledge Samantha , Carr David E. , Hauber Mark E. , Hanley Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBrown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are generalist obligate brood parasites, laying in the nest of nearly 300 avian species, and successfully parasitizing well over 100 host species. Cowbird eggs are generally considered non‐mimetic, although some have suggested that cowbird eggs resemble several of their host species’ eggs. To date, no investigation has examined the level of avian‐perceived similarity between cowbird and diverse host eggs in the contexts of light characteristics at the nest and the visual system of the relevant viewer. Because the cowbird exploits a wide range of species that lay in a variety of nest types, hosts view these eggs under an array of light conditions which could facilitate or hinder egg discrimination. When considering the visual system of the relevant viewers and the light conditions at their nest, we found that the coloration of cowbird eggs was more similar to host than non‐host species’ eggs. Host responses (whether they accept or reject cowbird eggs) were not statistically different when hosts perceived a large chromatic difference between their own eggs and the cowbird's eggs. Instead, we found that host responses were predicted by the degree to which nesting light conditions facilitated color similarity between host and cowbird eggs, such that hosts typically nesting under light conditions where this color discrimination task was more challenging were more likely to reject cowbird eggs. This suggests that the nesting light environment may have selected for increased coevolved egg recognition abilities in a suite of cowbird host species, even in the absence of parasitic egg color mimicry.
Pairs trading on different portfolios based on machine learning
Authors: Chang Victor , Man Xiaowen , Xu Qianwen , Hsu Ching‐Hsien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents an advanced visualization and analytics approach for financial research. Statistical arbitrage, particularly pairs trading strategy, has gained ground in the financial market and machine learning techniques are applied to the finance field. The cointegration approach and long short‐term memory (LSTM) were utilized to achieve stock pairs identification and price prediction purposes, respectively, in this project. This article focused on the US stock market, investigating the performance of pairs trading on different types of portfolios (aggressive and defensive portfolio) and compare the accuracy of price prediction based on LSTM. It can be briefly concluded that LSTM offers higher prediction precision on aggressive stocks and implementing pairs trading on the defensive portfolio would gain higher profitability during a specific period between 2016 and 2017. However, predicting tools like LSTM only offer limited advice on stock movement and should be cautiously utilized. We conclude that analytics and visualization can be effective for financial analysis, forecasting and investment strategy.