bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of the auditory N1 by visual anticipatory motion is modulated by temporal and identity predictability
Authors: van Laarhoven Thijs , Stekelenburg Jeroen J. , Vroomen Jean 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe amplitude of the auditory N1 component of the event‐related potential (ERP) is typically suppressed when a sound is accompanied by visual anticipatory information that reliably predicts the timing and identity of the sound. While this visually induced suppression of the auditory N1 is considered an early electrophysiological marker of fulfilled prediction, it is not yet fully understood whether this internal predictive coding mechanism is primarily driven by the temporal characteristics, or by the identity features of the anticipated sound. The current study examined the impact of temporal and identity predictability on suppression of the auditory N1 by visual anticipatory motion with an ecologically valid audiovisual event (a video of a handclap). Predictability of auditory timing and identity was manipulated in three different conditions in which sounds were either played in isolation, or in conjunction with a video that either reliably predicted the timing of the sound, the identity of the sound, or both the timing and identity. The results showed that N1 suppression was largest when the video reliably predicted both the timing and identity of the sound, and reduced when either the timing or identity of the sound was unpredictable. The current results indicate that predictions of timing and identity are both essential elements for predictive coding in audition.
Corporate Hinduism: An argument for attention to sites of authority in a nascent field of research1
Authors: Moodie Deonnie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article takes stock of existing scholarly literature on corporate Hinduism and charts a course for future studies of the same. So far, this literature has focused on business gurus who deploy Hindu texts and ideas in order to justify, organize, and lend meaning to business practices centered around knowledge work in the corporate sector both in India and globally. I argue that further scholarship should pay closer attention to the sites and institutions whereby these gurus gain their authority as well as their platform. These now include business schools, research centers, and corporations. Such a focus reveals that corporate spaces are increasingly becoming loci of authority for the production of new forms of religion.
Phylogenomic species delimitation in the ants of the Temnothorax salvini group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): an integrative approach
Authors: Prebus Matthew M. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe members of the Temnothorax salvini (Forel) species group are rarely collected, arboreally nesting ants of Central American forests. Previously thought to consist of two broadly dispersed species, recent collections have revealed a diversity of specimens that defy the two‐species salvini group concept, but these are difficult to distinguish from each other based solely on morphology. I contrast several model‐based approaches to species delimitation based on target‐enriched genomic data. With molecular data from thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), mitochondrial genome sequences and morphometric data, I use an integrated approach to species delimitation within the salvini group. Morphometric data were analysed using cluster analysis of principal component analysis (PCA) output. I use several popular methods of molecular species delimitation, including bPTP, BPP and STACEY, using a novel approach to filtering UCE data based on posterior predictive checks of nucleotide substitution model adequacy. In addition, I use iBPP to integrate morphometric PCA data and filtered UCE data in a ‘total evidence’ analysis. I use geographical range data for an independent contrast to discriminate among competing species delimitation hypotheses. Furthermore, I investigate the evolutionary timescale and biogeographical history of the group and find that it arose roughly 13 Ma ago in habitats associated with present day mid‐to‐high elevations of the mountain complex spanning southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua. In addition, dispersal of the salvini group into the Southern Sierra Madre in Mexico, lowland habitats and the southern Central American cordilleras in Costa Rica and Panama subsequent to mountain building in southern Central America 5–8 Ma ago appears to follow a taxon‐cycle dynamic, with the lowland‐adapted T. aztecus representing the most recent expansion phase. I find that the salvini group, which previously contained two named species, is composed of nine, all of which are morphologically diagnosable a posteriori.
Seed germination behavior of glyphosate‐resistant and susceptible Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)
Authors: Schaeffer Afonso Henrique , Silveira Diógenes Cecchin , Schaeffer Otávio Augusto , Lângaro Nadia Canali , Vargas Leandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRyegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most difficult annual weeds to control in cultivation systems worldwide, especially in temperate regions. The widespread use of herbicides in the past two decades has selected resistant biotypes of ryegrass in crops in Southern Brazil. Ryegrass seeds are dormant when disseminated and germination can be staggered over time (crop‐growing season). Knowledge of the germination behavior of seeds from herbicide‐resistant plants has been little studied, but it would be very useful in integrated weed management. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the dynamics of the soil seed bank of two biotypes of L. multiflorum, one glyphosate‐resistant and the other glyphosate‐susceptible, under a no‐tillage system. The treatments were arranged in a bifactorial scheme, using seeds from biotypes (glyphosate‐resistant and glyphosate‐susceptible) with monthly periods of removal from field (one to 12 months). Seeds of each biotype were placed on the soil surface and covered with soil and straw to simulate no‐till conditions. The percentage of germinated, dormant, and dead seeds was evaluated every 30 days. The ryegrass seed bank of glyphosate‐susceptible and glyphosate‐resistant biotypes was reduced to 11 and 15% of dormant seeds, respectively, at the end of 12 months. However, there was no variation in germination, dormancy, and seed mortality between susceptible and glyphosate‐resistant ryegrass. Seeds of glyphosate‐resistant biotype and susceptible showed germination behavior with similar dynamics in the soil over a period of 12 months.
Systematics and cryptic diversification of Leptodactylus frogs in the Brazilian campo rupestre
Authors: Carvalho Thiago R. , Seger Karin R. , Magalhães Felipe M. , Lourenço Luciana B. , Haddad Célio F. B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe campo rupestre is a unique mountaintop ecosystem in eastern South America, recognised for its endemism and as ecological refugia for plant and animal taxa. Multiple clades of frogs are represented in the Brazilian campo rupestre. One such case is four species of the Leptodactylus fuscus group, three of which are endemic to specific mountain ranges (Leptodactylus camaquara, Leptodactylus oreomantis and Leptodactylus tapiti) and one that is more widespread across different mountain ranges (Leptodactylus cunicularius). In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the clade containing the four Leptodactylus species endemic to the campo rupestre ecosystem and explored the biogeographic scenarios of origin and diversification of these montane frogs. The origin and early diversification of this frog clade took place in the Espinhaço Mountain Range (EMR) in the Miocene. This was followed by successive dispersal events to other mountain ranges in a circular pathway and subsequent rapid lineage diversification during the Plio‐Pleistocene transition and early Pleistocene. The diversification of this anuran clade was likely triggered by the Pleistocene climatic oscillations and culminated in the return of one of the montane species to the EMR. Contrasting patterns of phenotypic and genetic divergence indicate cryptic speciation in these frogs unaccompanied by phenotypic disparity. A phenotypically cryptic but highly divergent genetic lineage was found to represent a distinct evolutionary unit in the Northern EMR, described here as a new species (Leptodactylus avivoca sp. n.). The circular dispersal pathway in this frog clade revealed a unique diversification pattern among vertebrates endemic to the Brazilian campo rupestre.
Generalized Model for the Approximation of Coupled Acousto-Mechanical Natural Frequencies in High-Pressure Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Heinrich Christoph Rocky , Kühhorn Arnold , Steff Klaus , Petry Nico 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The oil and gas, chemical, and process industries employ centrifugal compressors for a wide range of applications. Due to this, the conditions under which centrifugal compressors have to operate vary significantly from case to case. Gas pipeline compressors, for example, may feature discharge pressures well over 100 bar. In other fields of application, like gas injection, which is used to enhance oil recovery, this quantity can reach considerably higher values. Here, discharge pressures over 600 bar and gas densities over 300 kg/m3 are not uncommon. During the last several decades, comprehensive research was conducted on the impact of high-pressure operating conditions on the vibrational behavior of centrifugal compressor wheels. Nowadays, it is well-known that an increase in gas pressure levels leads to a more pronounced interaction between the side cavities and the impeller, which results in a frequency shift of the acoustic and structural modes.
For the safe operation of compressors, it is necessary to predict these coupled natural frequencies accurately. The state-of-the-art approach to achieve this objective is the finite element method. While this technique provides high-quality results, the simulation of acousto-mechanical systems is still a time-consuming process that incurs high computational costs. Therefore, finite element models are, in this case, not suitable for probabilistic studies, sensitivity analyses, and comprehensive simulations of the full operating range of the compressor. In 2013, Magara proposed a simplified model based on an annular plate between two cylindrical cavities to solve this problem. While this method reduces the required computational effort significantly, its use is limited to platelike impellers.
The authors of this paper propose a more generalized method to overcome the challenges mentioned earlier. It uses the uncoupled structural and acoustic modes of the actual impeller and side cavities in a modal superposition to approximate the natural frequencies of the coupled acousto-mechanical system. In this way, the intended design geometries of the impeller and side cavities are considered while maintaining the advantages of Magara's model regarding the computational effort. In a numerical study, Magara's method and the generalized model are applied to different systems of increasing complexity. The investigation starts with a simple annular plate in a cylindrical cavity and ends with an actual compressor impeller. At every complexity level, the results of both approaches are compared to a finite element analysis. Moreover, measurement data of a simplified rotor in a cylindrical cavity are used to validate the numerical models. Finally, this paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations and benefits of all employed numerical methods.
Study on the Reduction of the Resonant Stress of Turbine Blades Caused by the Stage Interaction Force (Simultaneous Optimization of Blade Resonant Stress and Amount of Unbalance)
Authors: Kaneko Yasutomo , Watanabe Toshio , Furukawa Tatsuya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although the bladed disks of turbomachinery are nominally designed to be cyclically symmetric (tuned system), the vibration characteristics of individual blades on a disk vary slightly owing to manufacturing tolerances, deviations in material properties, wear during operation, etc. These small variations break the cyclic symmetry and split eigenvalue pairs. Actual bladed disks with small variations are called mistuned systems. The resonant stress on a mistuned bladed disk may become large and cause a blade failure due to high cycle fatigue. Especially for a bladed disk with a free-standing blade structure, it is essential to use a sufficiently large safety factor at the design stage, considering the mistuning effect. Traditionally, blade designers have adopted various countermeasures to reduce the resonant stress at the design stage. Besides the countermeasures adopted in blade design, for a variable speed engine, which cannot avoid resonance, it is thought that a practical optimization method for a mistuned system (bladed disk with a free-standing blade structure) is to sort the blades so that the resonant stress is minimized. In this study, a simultaneous method for optimizing the blade resonant stress and the amount of unbalance causing rotor vibration is proposed. In this method, first, the natural frequencies and weights of all blades on a disk are measured. Then, a mistuned system is assembled and the analysis model is generated. Next, the resonant stress and the amount of unbalance in the mistuned system are analyzed. To reduce the computation time, the reduced-order model known as fundamental mistuning model (FMM) is used to calculate the resonant stress in the mistuned system. The analyses of the resonant stress and the amount of unbalance are carried out repeatedly, sorting the blades on the disk, and the optimal solution is explored using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) or discrete differential evolution (DDE). As an example, a mistuned bladed disk of an aero-engine was analyzed, and the validity of the proposed method was verified.
Nonlinear Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms: Topology Design
Authors: Joo Jinyong , Kota Sridhar , Kikuchi Noboru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a methodology for generating topology of complaint mechanisms using nonlinear deformation theory. A multi-criteria objective function as a ratio of geometrical advantage to mean compliance is employed to capture the conflicting functional requirements of a compliant mechanism. The benefits of using nonlinear methods for large deformation problems are illustrated using two design examples by comparing results from a non-linear implementation of the optimization procedure with a linear scheme.
Design of Efficient Compliant Mechanisms From Ground Structure-Based Optimal Topologies
Authors: Frecker Mary , Canfield Shawn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The focus of this paper is on conversion of ground structure-based optimal topology solutions to solid models and physical prototypes of monolithic compliant mechanisms. Examples are presented using both truss and frame element ground structure topologies. The compliant mechanisms are designed to be used as mechanical amplifiers for piezoceramic stack actuators, where the performance measures of interest are the stroke amplification, the force transmission, and the mechanical efficiency of the compliant mechanism amplifier. The effect of design details such as member geometry and flexure hinge configurations on the quantitative performance of the solid models and prototypes is considered. The results of experimental validations are also presented.
A Novel Parallel Hybrid Transmission
Authors: Tsai L. W. , Schultz G. , Higuchi N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel transmission mechanism for use in a parallel hybrid vehicle. A parallel hybrid vehicle typically employs two or more power sources to drive a vehicle. For such a vehicle to function properly, a non-conventional transmission mechanism and a microprocessor-based controller are needed to manage the power flow among the various power sources. The transmission mechanism described in this paper can provide a parallel hybrid with thirteen clutching conditions that can be grouped into five major modes of operation, namely, electric motor mode, power mode, CVT/charging mode, engine mode, and regenerative braking mode. The kinematics, statics, and power flow of each mode of operation are analyzed. A numerical example is used to illustrate the principle of operation. Furthermore, a clutching sequence control logic is developed.
Lumped-Parameter Modeling of Visco-Elastically Coupled Rigid Bodies Using Dual Number Methods
Authors: Fasse Ernest D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work considers the problem of modeling visco-elastically coupled rigid bodies, with application to modeling and computer simulation of spatial, flexural mechanisms. A method of modeling visco-elastic coupling based on screw theory and dual number calculus is presented. The potential utility of the method is demonstrated by simulating the behavior of a complex spatial, flexural mechanism.
The Transmissivity Analysis of Planar Six-Bar Mechanisms
Authors: Lin Chen-Chou , Chang Chih-Chiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a systematic method to evaluate the transmissivity performance of planar six-bar mechanisms. We start from the definitions of the transmissivity of the four-bar mechanism, then we analyze the topological structures of the six-bar mechanisms. According to their topological structures and the locations of the input and output links, mechanisms can be categorized into serially connected and parallel-connected type. Using the concept of characteristic kinematic sub-chain and the virtual equivalent kinematic chain, the topological structures that characterize the mechanisms can be simplified. The CKSC can greatly reduce the complexity of the mechanisms, hence helping us to analyze the problems more easily. Finally, the transmissivity of planar six-bar mechanisms can be established. It can be shown that zero transmissivity corresponds to the locking position of the mechanisms. For four-bar mechanism, as it is well known, the best posture of the mechanism corresponds to the configuration where transmission angle equals to 90 degrees or deviation angle equal to zero. While for six-bar mechanism, the deviation angle or transmission angle is usually not apparent. Using the definition in this paper we may evaluate the transmissivity performance of mechanisms beyond four-bar mechanisms. We have shown the validity of the proposed method by examples and by comparing with the determinant of direct kinematic Jacobian. It is concluded that, the proposed method provides a useful tool for the transmissivity analysis of six-bar mechanisms. In addition, the method can be further extended to the problems of other multi-loop mechanisms.
Enhancement of Stereo-Lithography Technology to Support Building Around Inserts
Authors: Geving Brad , Ebert-Uphoff Imme 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stereo-lithography (SL) is a method of rapidly prototyping parts and products by using a photopolymer resin cured by an ultraviolet laser layer by layer. This allows the user to go quickly from a CAD file to a physical three-dimensional manifestation of the part. Traditionally, this technology is employed to build rigid parts, but recently several research groups have discovered the potential of producing mechanisms, in particular robotic mechanisms, using SL or similar rapid prototyping technology.
This article discusses the possibility to include inserts, such as actuators, sensors or joints, into a part while it is being built in an SL machine. This would allow the fabrication of functional robotic mechanisms that do not require any assembly. Benefits are anticipated in particular for the fabrication of small-scale robotic mechanisms with many actuators and/or sensors.
The capabilities and limitations of current SL technology to build around inserts are discussed and concepts that may eliminate the limitations are presented. One of these concepts was implemented in a test-bed that emulates the functionality of an enhanced SL machine.
U-Pb geochronology and paleogeography of the Valanginian–Hauterivian Neuquén Basin: Implications for Gondwana-scale source areas
Authors: Schwarz E. , Finzel E.S. , Veiga G.D. , Rapela C.W. , Echevarria C. , Spalletti L.A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sedimentary basins located at the margins of continents act as the final base level for continental-scale catchments that are sometimes located thousands of kilometers away from the basin, and this condition of exceptionally long sediment transfer zones is probably reinforced in supercontinents, such as Gondwana. One of the most prominent marine basins in southwestern Gondwana during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous was the Neuquén Basin (west-central Argentina), but its role as a sediment repository of far-flung source areas has not been extensively considered. This contribution provides the first detailed detrital-zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Valanginian–Hauterivian Pilmatué Member of the Agrio Formation, which is combined with sedimentology and paleogeographic reconstructions of the unit within the Neuquén Basin for a better understanding of the fluvial delivery systems. Our detrital-zircon signatures suggest that Triassic–Permian zircon populations were probably sourced from the adjacent western sector of the North Patagonian Massif, whereas Early Jurassic, Cambrian, Ordovician, and Proterozoic grains were most likely derived from farther east, in the eastern sector of the North Patagonian Massif, as well as presently remote terranes such as the Saldania Belt in southern Africa. We thus propose a Valanginian–Hauterivian longitudinal delivery system that, starting in the mid-continent region of southwestern Gondwana and by effective sorting, was bringing fine-grained or finer caliber sand to the Neuquén Basin shoreline. This delivery system was probably active (though not necessarily continuously) from Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous until finally coming to an end during the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean in the latest Early Cretaceous.
Dilemmas in delivering health promotion activities: findings from a qualitative study of mental health nurses in Denmark
Authors: Møller Jane Ege , Møller Anne , Ledderer Loni 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveRecent studies have shown that people with mental illnesses have higher mortality and morbidity rates due to long-term conditions and lifestyle diseases. This knowledge has led to health promotion initiatives in mental health care to improve the physical health of people with mental illness. This article explores how mental health nurses experience working with health promotion activities in mental healthcare practices.DesignWe adopted a qualitative research design using an interactive approach. Qualitative content analysis was used to develop the analytical framework.ParticipantsFocus groups (n=7; n=5) were conducted with two groups of mental health nurses who attended health specialist training sessions in Denmark in the spring and fall of 2018.ResultsThe findings showed that working with health promotion activities in mental health care created two dilemmas for the mental health nurses: (1) dilemmas related to health promotion that involved discrepancies between the health promotion activities that were offered and patients’ autonomy and wishes, and (2) system-related dilemmas stemming from working with screening for risk factors and documentation programmes. The mental health nurses developed different strategies to navigate these dilemmas, such as devising interview techniques for the screening questions and bending guidelines.ConclusionsMental health nurses found it challenging to implement health promotion activities in mental health care, although they generally found these activities meaningful. The findings show that new health promotion activities need to be adapted to nurses’ existing mental healthcare practices; however, this may require some adaptation of existing nursing practices.