bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amperometric Biosensor for Brucella Testing through Molecular Orientation Technology in Combination with Signal Amplification Technology
Authors: Chen Hongshuo , Cui Chuanjin , Ma Xuegang , Yang Wei , Zuo Yueming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBrucellosis is a global zoonotic disease causing abortion and infertility in animals. Based on an oriented immobilization technique of using a biomolecule in combination with a signal amplification technology, a novel biosensor for Brucella detection was designed. Graphene oxide/polypyrrole nanohybrids (GO/Ppy) modified a screen‐printed gold electrode through co‐electrodeposition for the oriented immobilization of a primary antibody (Ab1). Ab1 was successfully immobilized by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). A new second antibody nanoprobe GO/Fe3O4/MB/Ab2 (graphene oxide/nano‐iron oxide/methylene blue/Ab2) was accomplished by using physical and chemical methods to amplify the electrical signal. The successful fabrication of the biosensor was characterized by using SEM, AFM, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared biosensor was also tested in the Brucella solution by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed that the corresponding current was positively correlated with the logarithm of Brucella concentration, with a low detection limit of 2.2×102 CFU/mL. Moreover, the results of the biosensor‘s reproducibility, repeatability, specificity and standard recovery were satisfactory. New methodologies in fabricating the biosensor may be applied to detect other harmful microorganisms.
Component based finite element design of steel joints
Authors: Wald František , Vild Martin , Kuříková Marta , Kabeláč Jaromír , Sekal David , Maier Nadine , Da Silva Seco Laura , Couchaux Maël 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the principles of multi‐level Finite Element modeling for design of structural steel joints. The integral part of the design by Finite Elements is the Validation and Verification of the model and its results. For models by shell and solid elements it is mesh sensitivity study. In component bases finite element method (CBFEM), the steel plates are considered by materially nonlinear analysis (MNA). Their resistance in plastic stage is limited by strains. The behavior of components, for example, of bolts, anchor bolts, welds etc., is treated by introducing nonlinear springs representing its behavior in terms of initial stiffness, ultimate resistance and deformation capacity. To show this process a contribution is prepared, which summarizes the history of achievements of Finite Element Analyses (FEA) in structural steel joints. This paper shows differences between the research‐oriented and design‐oriented models and the current trends in modeling of connection components. Both have their roles in advanced analyses. The Validation and Verification are demonstrated on model of block shear during potential failure mode for gusset plate connection and for the base plates loaded by bending moments around both axes. The summary shows the potential in design of elements including their joints.
Evaluation of thiencarbazone‐methyl for use in acetolactate synthase‐resistant soybean
Authors: Lancaster Zachary D. , Norsworthy Jason K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo combat herbicide‐resistant weeds, new options are needed to effectively rotate herbicide modes of action and slow the development of additional herbicide resistance. Thiencarbazone‐methyl (TCM), an acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicide, is currently being evaluated for preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) activity on many troublesome summer annual and perennial weeds. Multiple experiments were conducted to assess the utility of this product in soybean (Glycine max) production systems. Field experiments were conducted across Arkansas in 2016 and 2017 to determine the tolerance of ALS‐resistant soybean varieties to PRE and POST applications of TCM at either 0.03 or 0.06 lb acre–1. For all locations, no significant interactions or main effects were observed for any parameters evaluated. Overall, soybean injury remained consistently low, with <3% injury at 21 days after treatment (DAT) on all ALS‐resistant varieties. However, the ALS‐susceptible variety showed high levels of injury for both PRE (75%) and POST (98%) applications at 21 DAT. Two additional experiments were conducted in 2016, 2017, and 2018 to evaluate the efficacy of PRE and POST applications of TCM in ALS/glufosinate‐resistant soybean. For PRE applications, residual activity of TCM, imazethapyr, chlorimuron, nicosulfuron, halosulfuron, and flumetsulam at labeled rates for soybean or corn were evaluated. TCM at 0.06 lb acre–1was effective in controlling ivyleaf morningglory (91 %) and broadleaf signalgrass (97%) at 21 DAT, but was not effective in controlling ALS‐resistant Palmer amaranth (58%). In the POST experiment, TCM at 0.03 or 0.06 lb acre–1was compared to imazethapyr, chlorimuron, nicosulfuron, and halosulfuron with and without glufosinate (0.5 lb acre–1). Alone, TCM produced higher control of ivyleaf morningglory (99 to 100%) and broadleaf signalgrass (94 to 99%) at 21 DAT compared to all other ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. However, TCM alone was not effective in controlling ALS‐resistant Palmer amaranth (55 to 61%) at 21 DAT, but when combined with glufosinate control increased to 95 to 99%. The results from this research suggest that TCM could have utility in soybean weed control systems due to the high level of resistance exhibited by ALS‐resistant soybean varieties and the efficacy of TCM on common soybean weed species at both the PRE and POST application timings.
Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Effect of the Investigational Anticancer Agent Sapanisertib on the QTc Interval in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Patel Chirag , Goel Sanjay , Patel Manish R. , Rangachari Lakshmi , Wilbur Jayson D. , Shou Yaping , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Lockhart A. Craig 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this phase 1 study was to determine the effects of sapanisertib on the heart rate–corrected QT (QTc) interval in patients with advanced solid tumors. Adult patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled to receive a single sapanisertib 40‐mg dose. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected and electrocardiogram readings were recorded at baseline and up to 48 hours after dosing. Patients could continue to receive sapanisertib 30 mg once weekly in 28‐day cycles for up to 12 months. The primary objective was to characterize the effect of a single dose of sapanisertib (40 mg) on the QT interval. Secondary objectives were to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. Following a single sapanisertib 40‐mg dose in 44 patients, the maximum least squares mean (upper bound of 1‐sided 95% confidence interval) changes from time‐matched baseline were 7.1 milliseconds (11.4 milliseconds) for individual rate‐corrected QT interval at 24 hours after dosing, and 1.8 milliseconds (5.6 milliseconds) for Fridericia‐corrected QTc at 1 hour post‐dose. There was no sapanisertib plasma concentration‐dependent increase in the change from time‐matched baseline individual rate‐corrected QTc interval or Fridericia‐corrected QTc. The most common adverse events following sapanisertib 30 mg once‐weekly dosing were nausea (80%), fatigue (61%), vomiting (57%), and decreased appetite (45%). A single sapanisertib 40 mg dose did not produce clinically relevant effects on QTc interval in patients with advanced solid tumors. The safety profile of sapanisertib 30 mg once weekly was favorable, and no new safety signals were observed (NCT02197572, clinicaltrials.gov).
Flexible scene text recognition based on dual attention mechanism
Authors: Tian Zhiqiang , Wang Chunhui , Xiao Youzi , Lin Yuping 
Published: June 2020

SummaryScene text recognition (STR) is a very popular topic in the field of computer vision, which can extract text from complex natural scenes. In this article, we propose an end‐to‐end trainable and flexible STR method based on a dual attention mechanism. The proposed method consists of four modules: a thin plate spline transformer for normalizing the original image, a Channel‐Att feature extractor for obtaining representative features, a bidirectional long short‐term memory encoder for encoding sequential context features, and a Self‐Att based decoder for predicting text labels. The results on seven different benchmark datasets IIIT, SVT, IC03, IC13, IC15, SVTP, and CUTE, show that the proposed method is comparable to 13 existing methods. Especially, the average text recognition accuracy of the proposed method is about 1.4% higher than the state‐of‐the‐art method.
SQM/COSMO Scoring Function: Reliable Quantum‐Mechanical Tool for Sampling and Ranking in Structure‐Based Drug Design
Authors: Pecina Adam , Eyrilmez Saltuk M. , Köprülüoğlu Cemal , Miriyala Vijay Madhav , Lepšík Martin , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Řezáč Jan , Hobza Pavel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuantum mechanical (QM) methods have been gaining importance in structure‐based drug design where a reliable description of protein‐ligand interactions is of utmost significance. However, strategies i. e. QM/MM, fragmentation or semiempirical (SQM) methods had to be pursued to overcome the unfavorable scaling of QM methods. Various SQM‐based approaches have significantly contributed to the accuracy of docking and improvement of lead compounds. Parametrizations of SQM and implicit solvent methods in our laboratory have been instrumental to obtain a reliable SQM‐based scoring function. The experience gained in its application for activity ranking of ligands binding to tens of protein targets resulted in setting up a faster SQM/COSMO scoring approach, which outperforms standard scoring methods in native pose identification for two dozen protein targets with ten thousand poses. Recently, SQM/COSMO was effectively applied in a proof‐of‐concept study of enrichment in virtual screening. Due to its superior performance, feasibility and chemical generality, we propose the SQM/COSMO approach as an efficient tool in structure‐based drug design.
Structure‐Activity Relationship in a Cobalt Aluminate Nanoparticle Cocatalyst with a Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst for Visible‐Light Water Oxidation
Authors: Kanazawa Tomoki , Yamaguchi Ryusei , Uchiyama Tomoki , Lu Daling , Nozawa Shunsuke , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Maeda Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDevelopment of a visible‐light‐driven water oxidation system utilizing a photocatalyst that consists only of earth‐abundant elements is a challenge in artificial photosynthesis. Here the structure of nanoparticulate cobalt aluminate spinel (CoAl2O4) dispersed on a graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) photocatalyst was studied by electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy. The CoAl2O4 nanoparticle, which is a good cocatalyst for visible‐light water oxidation on the g‐C3N4 photocatalyst, was loaded onto the photocatalyst by a reverse micelle method using Co(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O and Al(NO)3 ⋅ 9H2O as precursors, followed by heating at elevated temperatures in air. The O2 evolution activity was enhanced with increasing the heating temperature, reaching a plateau at 573–673 K, beyond which it decreased. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the formation of CoAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles with a minimal extent of aggregation was the key factor to obtain high water oxidation activity.
Forest restoration treatments in a ponderosa pine forest enhance physiological activity and growth under climatic stress
Authors: Tepley Alan J. , Hood Sharon M. , Keyes Christopher R. , Sala Anna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the climate warms, drought will increasingly occur under elevated temperatures, placing forest ecosystems at growing risk of extensive dieback and mortality. In some cases, increases in tree density following early 20th‐century fire suppression may exacerbate this risk. Treatments designed to restore historical stand structure and enhance resistance to high‐severity fire might also alleviate drought stress by reducing competition, but the duration of these effects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To elucidate these mechanisms, we evaluate tree growth, mortality, and tree‐ring stable‐carbon isotope responses to stand‐density reduction treatments with and without prescribed fire in a ponderosa pine forest of western Montana. Moderate and heavier cutting experiments (basal area reductions of 35% and 56%, respectively) were initiated in 1992, followed by prescribed burning in a subset of the thinned units. All treatments led to a growth release that persisted to the time of resampling. The treatments had little effect on climate–growth relationships, but they markedly altered seasonal carbon isotope signals and their relationship to climate. In burned and unburned treatments, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) increased in the earlywood (EW) and decreased in the latewood (LW) relative to the control. The sensitivity of LW Δ13C to late‐summer climate also increased in all treatments, but not in the control. Such increased sensitivity indicates that the reduction in competition enabled trees to continue to fix carbon for new stem growth, even when the climate became sufficiently stressful to stop new assimilation in slower‐growing trees in untreated units. These findings would have been masked had we not separated EW and LW. The importance of faster growth and enhanced carbon assimilation under late‐summer climatic stress became evident in the second decade post‐treatment, when mountain pine beetle activity increased locally, and tree mortality rates in the controls of both experiments increased to more than twice those in their respective treatments. These findings highlight that, when thinning is used to restore historical forest structure or increase resistance to high‐severity fire, there will likely be additional benefits of enhanced growth and physiological activity under climatic stress, and the effects may persist for more than two decades.
Treatment interventions for Severe and Enduring Eating Disorders: Systematic review
Authors: Kotilahti Emilia , West Madeline , Isomaa Rasmus , Karhunen Leila , Rocks Tetyana , Ruusunen Anu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 20% of people with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and 10% with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) will eventually develop a long‐standing illness. Although there is no set definition for Severe and Enduring eating Disorder (SE‐ED), the common criteria relate to a long duration of the disorder and a number of unsuccessful treatment attempts. Research evidence for treatment of SE‐ED remains limited, thus the objective of this systematic review was to describe different treatment interventions and their effects on SE‐ED‐related outcomes.MethodA systematic search for quantitative treatment studies of adult participants with SE‐ED was conducted in June 2019 (PROSPERO, CRD42018115802) with no restriction on eating disorder type. Altogether, 2,938 studies were included for title and abstract screening.ResultsAfter systematic searches and article screening, 23 studies (3 randomized controlled trials, 3 open‐label studies, 8 naturalistic follow‐up studies, 8 case series and case studies, and 1 partially blinded pilot study) were included in the analysis and data extraction. Methodological quality of the included studies was generally low. Inpatient treatment programs (n = 5) were effective in short‐term symptom reduction, but long‐term results were inconsistent. Outpatient and day‐hospital treatment programs (n = 5) seemed promising for symptom reduction. Drug interventions (n = 5) showed some benefits, especially as adjuvant therapies. Brain stimulation (n = 6) led to improvements in depressive symptoms. Other treatments (n = 2) produced mixed results.DiscussionThis is the first systematic review to examine all of the different treatment interventions that have been studied in SE‐ED. The results will inform future interventions in research and clinical practice.
Performance, genomic rearrangements, and signatures of adaptive evolution: Lessons from fermentative yeasts
Authors: Nespolo Roberto F. , Solano‐Iguaran Jaiber J. , Paleo‐López Rocío , Quintero‐Galvis Julian F. , Cubillos Francisco A. , Bozinovic Francisco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe capacity of some yeasts to extract energy from single sugars, generating CO2and ethanol (=fermentation), even in the presence of oxygen, is known as the Crabtree effect. This phenomenon represents an important adaptation as it allowed the utilization of the ecological niche given by modern fruits, an abundant source of food that emerged in the terrestrial environment in the Cretaceous. However, identifying the evolutionary events that triggered fermentative capacity in Crabtree‐positive species is challenging, as microorganisms do not leave fossil evidence. Thus, key innovations should be inferred based only on traits measured under culture conditions. Here, we reanalyzed data from a common garden experiment where several proxies of fermentative capacity were recorded in Crabtree‐positive and Crabtree‐negative species, representing yeast phylogenetic diversity. In particular, we applied the “lasso‐OU” algorithm which detects points of adaptive shifts, using traits that are proxies of fermentative performance. We tested whether multiple events or a single event explains the actual fermentative capacity of yeasts. According to the lasso‐OU procedure, evolutionary changes in the three proxies of fermentative capacity that we considered (i.e., glycerol production, ethanol yield, and respiratory quotient) are consistent with a single evolutionary episode (a whole‐genomic duplication, WGD), instead of a series of small genomic rearrangements. Thus, the WGD appears as the key event behind the diversification of fermentative yeasts, which by increasing gene dosage, and maximized their capacity of energy extraction for exploiting the new ecological niche provided by single sugars.
Undisturbed climbing fiber pruning in the cerebellar cortex of CX3CR1‐deficient mice
Authors: Kaiser Nicole , Pätz Christina , Brachtendorf Simone , Eilers Jens , Bechmann Ingo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPruning, the elimination of excess synapses is a phenomenon of fundamental importance for correct wiring of the central nervous system. The establishment of the cerebellar climbing fiber (CF)‐to‐Purkinje cell (PC) synapse provides a suitable model to study pruning and pruning‐relevant processes during early postnatal development. Until now, the role of microglia in pruning remains under intense investigation. Here, we analyzed migration of microglia into the cerebellar cortex during early postnatal development and their possible contribution to the elimination of CF‐to‐PC synapses. Microglia enrich in the PC layer at pruning‐relevant time points giving rise to the possibility that microglia are actively involved in synaptic pruning. We investigated the contribution of microglial fractalkine (CX3CR1) signaling during postnatal development using genetic ablation of the CX3CR1 receptor and an in‐depth histological analysis of the cerebellar cortex. We found an aberrant migration of microglia into the granule and the molecular layer. By electrophysiological analysis, we show that defective fractalkine signaling and the associated migration deficits neither affect the pruning of excess CFs nor the development of functional parallel fiber and inhibitory synapses with PCs. These findings indicate that CX3CR1 signaling is not mandatory for correct cerebellar circuit formation.Main Points
Ablation of CX3CR1 results in a transient migration defect in cerebellar microglia.
CX3CR1 is not required for functional pruning of cerebellar climbing fibers.
Functional inhibitory and parallel fiber synapse development with Purkinje cells is undisturbed in CX3CR1‐deficient mice.
Effect of pore size and spacing on neovascularization of a biodegradble shape memory polymer perivascular wrap
Authors: Boire Timothy C. , Himmel Lauren E. , Yu Fang , Guth Christy M. , Dollinger Bryan R. , Werfel Thomas A. , Balikov Daniel A. , Duvall Craig L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeointimal hyperplasia (NH) is a main source of failures in arteriovenous fistulas and vascular grafts. Several studies have demonstrated the promise of perivascular wraps to reduce NH via promotion of adventitial neovascularization and providing mechanical support. Limited clinical success thus far may be due to inappropriate material selection (e.g., nondegradable, too stiff) and geometric design (e.g., pore size and spacing, diameter). The influence of pore size and spacing on implant neovascularization is investigated here for a new biodegradable, thermoresponsive shape memory polymer (SMP) perivascular wrap. Following an initial pilot, 21 mice were each implanted with six scaffolds: four candidate SMP macroporous designs (a–d), a nonporous SMP control (e), and microporous GORETEX (f). Mice were sacrificed after 4 (N = 5), 14 (N = 8), and 28 (N = 8) days. There was a statistically significant increase in neovascularization score between all macroporous groups compared to nonporous SMP (p < .023) and microporous GORETEX (p < .007) controls at Day 28. Wider‐spaced, smaller‐sized pore designs (223 μm‐spaced, 640 μm‐diameter Design c) induced the most robust angiogenic response, with greater microvessel number (p < .0114) and area (p < .0055) than nonporous SMPs and GORETEX at Day 28. This design also produced significantly greater microvessel density than nonporous SMPs (p = 0.0028) and a smaller‐spaced, larger‐sized pore (155 μm‐spaced, 1,180 μm‐sized Design b) design (p = .0013). Strong neovascularization is expected to reduce NH, motivating further investigation of this SMP wrap with controlled pore spacing and size in more advanced arteriovenous models.
New antiglaucomatous agent for the treatment of open angle glaucoma: Polymeric inserts for drug release and in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Cesar Aina Liz A. , Navarro Larissa Caldeira , Castilho Rachel Oliveira , Goulart Gisele Assis Castro , Foureaux Giselle , Ferreira Anderson J. , Cronemberger Sebastião , Gomes Faraco André Augusto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA benzamidine derivative from diminazene was tested for a novel activity: treatment of primary open‐angle glaucoma. This drug was incorporated into mucoadhesive polymeric inserts prepared using chitosan (Chs) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). Of current interest is the mucoadhesion, which increases the contact time with the ocular surface, resulting in improved bioavailability; also, the inserts are made to act as a prolonged release system. In the present work the inserts were prepared by the solvent casting method using different polymeric proportions (30:70, 50:50, 75:25% w/w Chs:CS and 100% Chs). Thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy both demonstrated physical dispersion of the active drug. The most promising was the 50:50% Chs:CS which demonstrated that it was not fragile and has an in vitro release profile of up to 180 minutes. In addition, it presented greater adhesion strength in relation to the other formulations. These physicochemical results corroborate the in vivo tests performed. In this sense, we also demonstrated that the treatment with the 50:50% insert can control the intraocular pressure (IOP) for at least 3 weeks and prevents damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) compared to the placebo insert. Thus, this indicates thus that the new drug is quite viable and promising in glaucoma treatment.