bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etazene (N,N-diethyl-2-{[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}-ethan-1-amine (dihydrochloride)): a novel benzimidazole opioid NPS identified in seized material: crystal structure and spectroscopic characterization
Authors: Siczek Marta , Zawadzki Marcin , Siczek Miłosz , Chłopaś-Konowałek Agnieszka , Szpot Paweł 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to present the spectroscopic characteristics and crystal structure of the etazene—a benzimidazole opioid, which appeared on the illegal drug market in Poland in the last weeks.

Methods
The title compound was analyzed by X-ray crystallography as well as gas and liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Spectroscopic techniques have also been used, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies.

Results
We presented the identification and the broad chemical characterization of etazene, a synthetic opioid that has recently been introduced on the illegal drug market.

Conclusions
In this paper, we described single-crystal X-ray, chromatographic and spectroscopic characterization of a synthetic opioid that emerged on the new psychoactive substance (NPS) market in Poland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first full characterization of etazene. Analytical data presented in the work can be helpful in identification and detection of the NPS in forensic and clinical laboratories.
Dimethylamine oxidation by homogenic (Fe+2 and UV) and heterogenic (CuO) activated peroxydisulfate
Authors: Rykowska I. , Andrzejewski P. , Wolski R. , Dabrowska A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxidation of water or wastewaters with classical oxidants such as chloramine, chlorine dioxide, ozone or permanganate may lead to formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), when dimethylamine (DMA) is present as water pollution. This study shows that peroxydisulfate (PDS) could be considered as relatively ‘safe’ oxidant as PDS partly destroys dimethylamine without formation of NDMA. Prior to use, peroxydisulfate was activated. Metal ions Fe+2, UV radiation and metal oxides CuO were compared as activator compounds to understand their efficiency in PDS systems (radical and non-radical) for oxidation of DMA. The amount of nitrate formed as the result of nitrogen oxidation, as well as formaldehyde (FA), formed as the result of methyl groups oxidation, was monitored as an indicator of DMA degradation. Application studies conducted on natural water showed that activated peroxydisulfate can effectively protect against the undesirable NDMA formation.
Seasonal participation in maize markets in Zambia: Do agricultural input subsidies and gender matter?
Authors: Simtowe Franklin , De Groote Hugo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper uses data from 1128 households drawn from 35 districts, three agroecological zones and five provinces in Zambia to explore the influence of gender and other parameters on seasonal maize market participation. We apply a multivariate regression and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to identify determinants of seasonal market participation and to decompose the differences in market participation outcomes between male headed and female headed households, respectively. About 10% of the households were ‘selling low and buying high’ which, through the supply enhancement effect, fertiliser subsidies and credit, enhanced maize selling soon after harvest while reducing the propensity to purchase in the lean season, an indication of the positive effect on food self-sufficiency. Significant market participation gaps were observed between male and female headed households in both seasons, with more female headed households purchasing maize soon after harvest and less of it in the lean season than their male counterparts. These differences were attributable to endowment effects. The study recommends policies that promote equitable access to production resources, such as the land, in order to reduce the gaps in market participation between men and women and for them to take advantage of the inter-seasonal maize price movements.
Who talks to whom: an evaluation of a call log visualization
Authors: Riegler Valerie , Wang Lina , Doppler-Haider Johanna , Pohl Margit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdding temporal information to social network visualizations is still a challenging task despite previous research efforts. Visualizing call logs on an event-based level can show various attributes of a connection. The dimension time is of great interest to analysts as it offers insights into trends and patterns such as changing relationships between different actors or economic opportunities for businesses. Yet current approaches suffer from limitations that can be improved with the visualization design presented in this work. Our presented visualization was developed considering aesthetic criteria and characteristics of adjacency matrices and node-link diagrams. A heuristic evaluation according to these criteria was conducted. In a formative evaluation process, an artificial dataset was specifically created to examine dynamic social networks. A qualitative user study with observation and think-aloud protocols was conducted and analyzed with regard to the user’s strategies, limitations of the visualization and potential additional features. The visualization appears to be suitable for all of the evaluated network tasks; however, path-related tasks were more challenging than other tasks.
Graphical abstract
Integrated reservoir characterization and fluid flow distribution of the Kaimiro Formation, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Shalaby Mohamed Ragab , Binti Sapri Syamimi Hana , Islam Md Aminul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn integrated reservoir characterization study is achieved on the Early to Middle Miocene Kaimiro Formation in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, to identify the quality of the formation as a potential reservoir.
The Kaimiro Formation is a section of the Kapuni Group in the Taranaki Basin, consisting mainly of sandstone and a range of coastal plain through shallow marine facies. Several methods were accomplished for this study: petrophysical evaluation, sedimentological and petrographical descriptions and well log analysis. Based on the petrophysical study, the Kaimiro Formation is interpreted to have several flow units ranges up to 15 μm. Higher RQI and FZI reflect potential reservoir, while the pore size and pore throat diameters (r35) are found to be within the range of macro- and megapores, on the contrary to macropores related to poor reservoir quality concentrated in Tui-1 well. This is in good agreement with other measurements that show the formation is exhibited to be a good promising reservoir as the formation comprises a good average porosity of 19.6% and a good average permeability of 879.45 mD. The sedimentological and petrographical studies display that several diagenetic features have been affecting the formation such as compaction, cementation, dissolution and the presence of authigenic clay minerals. Although these features commonly occur, the impact on the reservoir properties and quality is minor as primary and secondary pores are still observed within the Kaimiro sandstone. Moreover, well log analysis is also completed to further ensure the hydrocarbon potential of the formation through a qualitative and quantitative analysis. It has been confirmed that the Kaimiro Formation is a promising reservoir containing several flow units with higher possibility for storage capacity.
On the Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine “Fu Zi”: Discovery, Research, and Development of Cardioactive Constituent Mesaconine
Authors: Wang Feng-Peng , Chao Ruo-Bing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This review summarizes the process of the discovery, research, and development of a cardioactive component, mesaconine, from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii (“Fu Zi”). To date, pre-clinical showed that mesaconine is a novel type of cardiotonic lead drug with relatively high potency, low toxicity, and a new mechanism.

Graphic Abstract
Detecting and Recognizing Outliers in Datasets via Linguistic Information and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Niewiadomski Adam , Duraj Agnieszka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUncertainty appearing in datasets (stochastic, linguistic, of measurements, etc.), if not handled properly, may negatively affect information analysis or retrieval procedures. One of possible methods of dealing with uncertain (rare, strange, unexampled) data is to treat them as “outliers” or “exceptions”. Among different definitions and algorithms for detecting outliers, we are especially interested in those based on linguistic information represented with type-2 fuzzy logic. We introduce new definitions of outliers in datasets in terms fuzzy properties and linguistically expressed quantities of objects possessing them. Next, new algorithms for detecting outlying objects are presented, to answer whether outliers appear in a dataset or not. Finally, recognition algorithms are presented and exemplified to enumerate particular objects being outliers (e.g., to eliminate them for further considerations). The novelty of this contribution is that we define, detect and recognize outliers using linguistic information represented mostly by type-2 fuzzy sets and logic (if any other information like measures or distances is not accessible), and we supersede this way some earlier approaches based on similar but relatively limited assumptions.
The problem with (most) network detection and response
Authors: Campfield Mike 
Published: September 2020

There was once a time when real-time behavioural threat detection at the scale of modern corporate networks was a distant hope. Enterprises had to rely on security information and event management (SIEM) and endpoint detection and response (EDR) data to spot threats. While both categories could do part of the job, they were vulnerable to attacker countermeasures, and there was still a massive gap in network visibility. Real-time behavioural threat detection at the scale of modern corporate networks was once a distant hope. Now we have network detection and response (NDR) solutions – but not all are equally capable. Perhaps the most important issue is the static nature of many NDRs. Many NDR systems are more akin to intrusion detection and prevention systems, anchored to rules or signatures, sending out alerts based on simple pattern-matching. This is where machine learning can play a critical role, says Mike Campfield of ExtraHop.
The security implications of quantum cryptography and quantum computing
Authors: Cavaliere Fabio , Mattsson John , Smeets Ben 
Published: September 2020

Classical cryptography relies on the assumption that nobody can solve a certain difficult mathematical problem in a realistic amount of time or rely on information theory arguments. Quantum cryptography relies instead on fundamental quantum physics laws. Using large quantum computers, one could break all classical asymmetric algorithms currently used for key distribution and digital signatures. Quantum computing seems to threaten many of the encryption systems in use today, which assume that nobody can solve a difficult mathematical problem in a realistic amount of time. Fabio Cavaliere, John Mattsson and Ben Smeets of Ericsson Research provide an overview of the technologies and protocols for Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, discuss their security implications and examine standardisation activities for QKD networks. They also introduce quantum random number generators (QRNGs) as an important building block for both classical and quantum encryption systems, and address the security challenges posed by the advent of quantum computers.
Critical infrastructure under attack: lessons from a honeypot
Authors: Barak Israel 
Published: September 2020

As its name suggests, critical infrastructure is just that – critical. It includes facilities, information, processes and systems upon which our society functions and depends – from energy and our water supply, to transport, election systems and the government. The health sector too is pivotal in supporting everyday citizens and never has this been clearer than today, in the midst of a pandemic. Critical infrastructure includes facilities, information, processes and systems upon which our society functions and depends. And it is increasingly under attack. To counter this threat, critical infrastructure operators should aim to minimise mean time to response when attacks occur. They also need to gain more visibility into their systems – particularly between the IT and OT environments. And security needs to be an intrinsic element in all OT systems, right from the initial design, argues Israel Barak, Cybereason.
Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Stroke in Pregnant and Post-Partum Women: A Canadian Survey
Authors: Uy Christopher E. , Gosselin-Lefebvre Stéphanie , Book Adam M. , Field Thalia S. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT:Background/objective:A Canadian Stroke Best Practices consensus statement on Acute Stroke Management during pregnancy was published in 2018. The state of individual practice, however, is unknown.Methods:A survey on treatment of acute stroke in pregnant and post-partum women was distributed via the Canadian Stroke Consortium email list. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions) were calculated for demographic and response variables and free-text responses were coded for thematic content.Results:Thirty-five participants completed the survey; 12 had experience with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA), endovascular therapy (EVT), or both in pregnant patients. None had treatment-related complications. The majority (92%) of those who had not yet encountered the issue in practice expressed some reservation about giving IV-tPA to an otherwise eligible pregnant woman. In a theoretical scenario where an otherwise eligible pregnant woman was a candidate for both IV-tPA and EVT, 58% of respondents would have opted for EVT alone. Amongst this cohort comprised mainly of stroke sub-specialists, more than a third had treated pregnant patients with reperfusion therapy.Conclusions:The reported safety experience with both IV-tPA and EVT was reassuring. Overall, there was a hesitancy towards use of IV-tPA in pregnancy that is discordant with the recent consensus statement. Possible barriers to uptake identified through thematic analysis were concerns regarding risks of bleeding in the pregnant patient, presence of EVT as a perceived alternative, and the need for express consent from the patient and family.
Pilot test of an accrual Common Metric for the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Consortium: Metric usefulness
Authors: Peterson Laura E. , Daudelin Denise H. , Welch Lisa C. , Parajulee Anshu , Selker Harry P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Common Metrics Initiative aims to develop and field metrics to improve research processes within the national Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium. A Median Accrual Ratio (MAR) common metric was developed to assess the results of efforts to increase subject accrual into a set of clinical trials within the expected time period. A pilot test of the MAR was undertaken at Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) with eight CTSA Consortium hubs. Post-pilot interviews were conducted with 9 CTSA Principal Investigators (PIs) and 23 pilot team members. Over three-quarters (78%) of respondents reported that the MAR could be useful for performance improvement, but also described limitations or concerns. The most commonly cited barrier to MAR use for performance improvement was difficulty in interpreting the single value that is produced. Most respondents were interested in using the MAR to assess recruitment at an individual trial level. Majority of respondents (63%) had mixed opinions about aggregating metric results across the CTSA Consortium for comparison or benchmarking. Collecting data about additional contextual factors, and comparing accrual between subgroups, were cited as potentially helping address concerns about aggregation. Significant challenges remain in ensuring that the MAR can be sufficiently useful for collaborative process improvement. We offer recommendations to potentially improve metric usefulness.
Fertility, migration, and altruism
Authors: Berman Eli , Rzakhanov Zaur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMigration is a human capital investment in which parents bear costs and children share returns. Therefore, migrants from a population with heterogeneous intergenerational discount rates will self-select on intergenerational altruism. Intergenerational altruism and fertility are arguably linked, therefore immigrants might self-select on eventual fertility. Soviet Jews who migrated to Israel despite high migration costs averaged almost one child more than members of the same birth cohorts who migrated later, at lower cost. Distinguishing selection from treatment effects using mothers' age at migration, selection accounts for most of that difference (the proportion varies with specification), even with controls for religion and religiosity. Selection on fertility may have other explanations, including cultural preservation. To probe, we conduct an alternative empirical test of immigrant selection on altruism, finding that U.S. immigrants spend more time with grandchildren than do natives. Additionally, immigrant self-selection on fertility provides an alternative explanation for Chiswick's (1978, Journal of Political Economy86(5), 897–921) earnings-overtaking result.
Social-Emotional Learning for Adolescents on the Autism Spectrum: High School Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Gardner Anita , Wong Michelle , Ratcliffe Belinda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Social-emotional learning (SEL) is key to student success. Teachers can effectively implement SEL programs to a variety of school populations, with demonstrated improvements in emotional, social, and academic outcomes. Research also suggests that SEL for students on the autism spectrum can result in improved outcomes. Although social-emotional difficulties are core characteristics of autism, there is a dearth of research identifying the SEL needs for high school students on the autism spectrum and how to meet these needs. The aim of this preliminary qualitative study was to explore teachers’ perceptions of SEL needs in a high school setting with adolescents on the autism spectrum. A focus group was conducted with 8 experienced teachers from mainstream and special needs settings. The thematic analysis identified 3 themes: (a) SEL needs of students on the autism spectrum, (b) teaching SEL in high school settings, and (c) gaps in SEL. The study also revealed suggestions for how a SEL program could be developed so that it best meets the needs of the teachers who would be implementing it. Outcomes from this study provide important insights into SEL in adolescents on the autism spectrum in special education and have practical implications for intervention models.
PARTITIONS OF WITH IDENTICAL REPRESENTATION FUNCTION
Authors: CHEN SHI-QIANG , YAN XIAO-HUI 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor a given set
$S\subseteq \mathbb {Z}_m$
and
$\overline {n}\in \mathbb {Z}_m$
, let
$R_S(\overline {n})$
denote the number of solutions of the equation
$\overline {n}=\overline {s}+\overline {s'}$
with ordered pairs
$(\overline {s},\overline {s'})\in S^2$
. We determine the structure of
$A,B\subseteq \mathbb {Z}_m$
with
$|(A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)|=m-2$
such that
$R_{A}(\overline {n})=R_{B}(\overline {n})$
for all
$\overline {n}\in \mathbb {Z}_m$
, where m is an even integer.
The effectiveness of nutrition education programmes on improving dietary intake in athletes: a systematic review
Authors: Boidin Aimee , Tam Ryan , Mitchell Lachlan , Cox Gregory R. , O’Connor Helen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNutrition education programmes for athletes aim to enhance nutrition knowledge and more importantly support positive dietary change to enhance performance, health and well-being. This systematic review assessed changes in the dietary intakes of athletes in response to nutrition education programmes. A search was conducted which included studies providing quantitative dietary intake assessment of athletes of any calibre aged between 12 and 65 years in response to a nutrition education programme. Standardised differences (effect sizes) were calculated (when possible) for each dietary parameter. The search yielded 6285 papers with twenty-two studies (974 participants (71·9 % female)) eligible for inclusion. Studies described athletes competing at high school (n3) through to college level or higher (n19). Study designs were either single arm with an intervention-only group (twelve studies;n241) or double arm including an intervention and control group (ten studies;n689). No control groups received an alternative or ‘sham’ intervention. Face-to-face lectures (9/22) and individual nutrition counselling (6/22) were the most common education interventions. Non-weighed, 3-d diet records (10/22) were the most frequently utilised dietary assessment method. Although 14/22 studies (n5 single andn9 double) reported significant change in at least one nutrition parameter, dietary changes were inconsistent. Poor study quality and heterogeneity of methods prohibit firm conclusions regarding overall intervention success or superior types of educational modalities. Of note, carbohydrate intakes ‘post-intervention’ when assessed often failed to meet recommended guidelines (12/17 studies). Given the substantial investment made in nutrition education interventions with athletes, there is a need for well-designed and rigorous research to inform future best practice.
Marine and fungal biostimulants improve grain yield, nitrogen absorption and allocation in durum wheat plants
Authors: Laurent Eve-Anne , Ahmed Nawel , Durieu Céline , Grieu Philippe , Lamaze Thierry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDurum wheat culture requires a high level of N fertilization to achieve ideal protein concentration for semolina and pasta quality, contributing to N losses. Optimizing plant N use efficiency could improve agro-environmental balance. In the current paper, we studied the impact of the marine (DPI4913) and fungal (AF086) extracts (biostimulants) applied on leaves on growth, N absorption and N fluxes in durum wheat in field and greenhouse experiments. In the field, 15NO3− and 15NH4+ were injected into the soil; in the greenhouse, N of the flag-leaf was labelled with 15NH4+. Flag-leaf senescence was studied by estimating leaf chlorophyll concentration. In greenhouse, biostimulants increased grain yield, total N in plant and the proportion of plant N in ears. When water was limited in greenhouse experiment, neither biostimulants had any effect. In the field, DPI4913 increased soil fertilizer-derived 15N accumulated in grains. In the greenhouse, biostimulants increased the proportion of 15N applied to the flag-leaf recovered in grains and accelerated leaf senescence. For plants treated with biostimulants, flag-leaf N resorption increased. Biostimulants had a larger positive impact on mineral N root uptake than on N remobilization. In conclusion, our study has shown that DPI4913 and AF086 can promote plant growth and grain yield, N uptake and remobilization. Thus, these biostimulants could be used to optimize durum wheat N fertilization and contribute to reduced N losses.