bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Evidence-Based Strategies for Clinical Ladder Program Refinement
Authors: Meucci Joanne , Moore Abigail , McGrath Jacqueline M. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND
Institutional objectives for clinical ladder program (CLP) implementation often focus on improving job satisfaction, retention rates, and patient outcomes. Local inconsistency in CLP implementation seemed to be contributing to decreased job satisfaction and nurse retention rates.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to use current evidence and prevailing perceptions of bedside nurses and nurse managers to refine an existing CLP.

METHODS
Pretest/posttest design was used to evaluate differences in perceptions of existing CLP (baseline) and perceptions 6 months after CLP refinements were initiated (post).

RESULTS
Baseline perceptions of CLP implementation were significantly different for bedside nurses and managers. Bedside nurses were more dissatisfied than nurse managers. Perceptions became more similar across groups as initiatives were implemented to improve CLP understanding and as CLP implementation became more consistent across the organization.

CONCLUSIONS
Targeted strategies tailored to increase understanding and consistent CLP implementation can be effective in improving CLP satisfaction and increasing bedside nurse professional behaviors.
Prevention of Postpartum Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Clinton Chelsea M. , Kuller Jeffrey A. , James Andra H. 
Published: October 2019

Importance
Postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE) results in significant morbidity and mortality. The practicing obstetrician-gynecologist should have a plan for management and prevention.

Objective
The objective of this review is to familiarize obstetric providers with available evidence regarding postpartum VTE prevention and suggest a clinical practice guideline.

Evidence Acquisition
Published literature was retrieved through a search of PubMed and relevant review articles, original research articles, systematic reviews, and practice guidelines.

Results
Thromboembolic disease is one of the leading causes of maternal death in developed nations. Current evidence does not support universal postpartum VTE prophylaxis. Risk factor stratification is suggested to identify patients at high risk of VTE. Recent guidelines have recommended complex algorithms that are difficult to put into practice and have not been validated in the postpartum state. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has recommended that each institution develop a protocol to identify and treat women at high risk of postpartum VTE.

Conclusions and Relevance
Obstetric providers should be familiar with available evidence and best practice regarding postpartum VTE prevention. A suggested clinical practice guideline for the prevention of postpartum VTE is provided.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the learner should be better able to summarize the literature pertinent to postpartum VTE prophylaxis; identify patients at high risk of postpartum VTE through risk stratification; and select appropriate VTE prophylaxis based on individual patient risk factors.
Wound Healing Complications After Cranial Vault Reconstruction for Craniosynostosis
Authors: Kugar Meredith , Strassle Paula , Elkins-Williams Tyler , Garimella Roja , Pham Matthew , Elton Scott , van Aalst John , Wood Jeyhan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Craniosynostosis is a congenital cranial malformation involving premature fusion of cranial sutures. Indications for surgical repair of craniosynostosis include elevation of intracranial pressure, which can result in impaired vision and mental disability, as well as correction of abnormal skull shape. Resorbable plating systems have become the preferred technique for bony fixation in the repair of craniosynostosis. Multiple studies demonstrate the safety and low complication rate of resorbable plating systems.
However, there is no consensus on which plating system is superior for patient outcomes. This study aims to investigate how the polymer composition of resorbable plating systems utilized in cranial vault reconstruction contributes to wound healing complications. A retrospective chart review was performed at the institution between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. About 202 patients who underwent surgical repair of craniosynostosis were identified. The results showed that patients receiving the Biomet Lactosorb plating system were over twice as likely to have a wound complication within a year of surgery compared to other plating systems used at the institution. Wound complications continued to occur in the Biomet Lactosorb group at ≥180 days after surgery, whereas complications among the other plating systems occurred ≤80 days postoperatively. Half of all patients with wound complications had to undergo reoperation. These data demonstrate the effect of unique polymer compositions on wound healing, and will help to guide future clinical practice and industry development of resorbable plating systems.
Six-Minute Walk Test in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Chuang Chiung-Ying , Lin Shu-Yuan , Li Min-Hui , Chang Ya-Ju , Hsu Miao-Ju 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Comparative studies on the six-minute walk test during overground (6MWT-C) versus treadmill (6MWT-T) are limited, and the minimal detectable change (MDC) of 6MWT-T in older adults is lacking. This study was conducted to compare the distance of 6MWT-C with that of 6MWT-T in community-dwelling older adults and to explore the factors associated with the distance discrepancy between the 2 types of 6MWT.

Methods:
Forty community-dwelling older adults were recruited. Lower-limb muscle strength and balance (Berg Balance Scale, BBS) were assessed. The subjects randomly received 6MWT-C and 6MWT-T and returned to repeat the testing within 1 week. Physiological responses were collected before and after 6MWTs.

Results:
The distance of 6MWT-C was significantly greater than that of 6MWT-T. The MDC of 6MWT-C and 6MWT-T was 54.08 and 56.54 m, respectively. The distance discrepancy of the 2 types of 6MWT was not associated with lower-limb muscle strength or BBS score.

Conclusion:
Compared with 6MWT-C, 6MWT-T is reliable and has similar MDC in community-dwelling older adults. However, the distances of the 2 types of 6MWT are not interchangeable.
The Outcomes of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Cognitive Decline in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Athena Yijung , Lee Meng-Chun , Lai Chi-Chieh , Chou Ying-Chun , Su Chwen-Yng 
Published: October 2019

Aim:
To assess the impact of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) on cognition, quality of life, and mood in Taiwanese elders with cognitive impairment attending a day care center.

Methods:
Twenty-five adults aged 65 years and older were assigned into the CST (n =12) and control (n = 13) groups. Weekly 90-minute CST sessions for 14 weeks were conducted by occupational therapists and occupational therapist students. The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used for pre- and posttest measurements. Within- and between-group comparisons of test scores were performed.

Results:
Significant between-group differences were found for the ADAS-Cog change scores. Specifically, there was significant cognitive improvement for participants in CST group at posttest, with no observable change for the controls. No significant pre-/postgains were noted in the QoL-AD and HADS scores for the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
The once-a-week CST approach seems to be a viable alternative to twice-a-week CST for community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate cognitive deficits. Further investigation is required to determine the optimal dose of CST for the elderly.
Is hospitalisation a risk factor for cognitive decline in the elderly?
Authors: Chinnappa-Quinn Lucia , Bennett Michael , Makkar Steve Robert , Kochan Nicole A. , Crawford John D. , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
Cognitive decline is frequently reported after hospitalisation in the contexts of surgery, delirium and critical care. The question not adequately addressed is whether all types of acute hospitalisations increase the risk of cognitive decline. As acute hospitalisations are common in the elderly, who are also vulnerable to cognitive decline, this possible association is of significant concern.

Recent findings
This review summarises cognitive outcomes from recent observational studies investigating acute hospitalisation (emergent and elective) in older age adults. Studies were identified from searching Medline, Embase and PsycINFO databases and citations lists. The highest incidence of cognitive decline has been reported following critical care admissions and admissions complicated by delirium, although all types of acute hospitalisations are implicated. Age is the most consistent risk factor for cognitive decline. Several etiological and therapeutic aspects are being investigated, particularly the measurement of inflammatory biomarkers and treatment with anti-inflammatory medications.

Summary
Acute hospitalisation for any reason appears to increase the risk of cognitive decline in older adults, but the cause remains elusive. Future research must clarify the nature and modifiers of posthospitalisation cognitive change, a priority in the face of an ageing population.
Contrasting inflammatory signatures in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar cells reveal compartment-specific effects of HIV infection
Authors: Muema Daniel M. , Mthembu Maphe , Schiff Abigail , Singh Urisha , Corleis Bj□rn , Bassett Thierry , Rasehlo Sipho S. , Nyamande Kennedy , Khan Dilshaad Fakey , Maharaj Priya , Mitha Mohammed , Suleman Moosa , Mhlane Zoey , Naidoo Taryn , Ramjit Dirhona , Karim Farina , Kwon Douglas S. , Ndung’u Thumbi , Wong Emily B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms by which HIV increases susceptibility to tuberculosis and other respiratory infections are incompletely understood. We used transcriptomics of paired whole bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to compare the effect of HIV at the lung mucosal surface and in the peripheral blood. The large majority of HIV-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specific to either the peripheral or lung mucosa compartments (1,307/1,404, 93%). Type I interferon signaling was the dominant signature of DEGs in HIV-positive blood with a less dominant and qualitatively distinct type I interferon gene set expression pattern in HIV-positive BAL. DEGs in the HIV-positive BAL were significantly enriched for infiltration with cytotoxic CD8+T cells. Higher expression of representative transcripts and proteins in BAL CD8+T cells during HIV infection, includingIFNG(IFN-γ),GZMB(Granzyme B) andPDCD1(PD-1), was confirmed by cell-subset specific transcriptional analysis and flow cytometry. Thus, we report that a whole transcriptomic approach revealed qualitatively distinct effects of HIV in blood and bronchoalveolar compartments. Further work exploring the impact of distinct type I interferon programs and CD8+T cells infiltration of the lung mucosa during HIV infection may provide novel insights into HIV-induced susceptibility to respiratory pathogens.
A large-scale species level dated angiosperm phylogeny for evolutionary and ecological analyses
Authors: Janssens Steven B. , Couvreur Thomas L.P. , Mertens Arne , Dauby Gilles , Abeele Samuel Vanden , Vandelook Filip , Beeckman Hans , Mascarello Maurizio , Droissart Vincent , Sosef Marc S.M. , van der Bank Michelle , Maurin Olivier , Hawthorne William , Marshall Cecily , Réjou-Méchain Maxime , Beina Denis , Baya Fidele , Dagallier Léo-Paul M.J. , Merckx Vincent S.F.T. , Verstraete Brecht , Hardy Olivier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhylogenies are a central and indispensable tool for evolutionary and ecological research. Even though most angiosperm families are well investigated from a phylogenetic point of view, there are far less possibilities to carry out large-scale meta-analyses at order level or higher. Here, we reconstructed a large-scale dated phylogeny including nearly 1/8th of all angiosperm species based on two plastid barcoding genes, matK and rbcL. Novel sequences were generated for several species, while the rest of the data were mined from GenBank. The resulting tree was dated using 56 angiosperm fossils as calibration points. The resulting megaphylogeny is one of the largest dated phylogenetic tree of angiosperms yet, consisting of 36,101 sampled species, representing 8,399 genera, 426 families and all orders. This novel framework will be useful to investigate different broad scale research questions in ecological and evolutionary biology.
Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata) draft genome sequence: unravelling the late flowering and unpalatability related genomic resources for efficient domestication of this underutilized crop
Authors: Kaul Tanushri , Eswaran Murugesh , Thangaraj Arulprakash , Meyyazhagan Arun , Nehra Mamta , Raman Nitya Meenakshi , Bharti Jyotsna , Gayacharan  , Badapanda Chandan , Balamurali Balamuralikrishnan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRice bean is a less well known and underutilized legume crop that has proved to be highly favourable due to its rich nutritional value in comparison with other members of the Vigna family. As an initiative to compose rice bean (Vigna umbellata) genomic resource, the size of 414 mega-base pairs with an estimate of 31276 highly confidential genes from 15521 scaffolds and functional coverage of 96.08% was sequenced from 30X coverage data from Illumina and PacBio platform. Rice bean genome assembly was found to be exquisitely close to V. angularis (experimental control/outgroup), V. radiata and V. unguiculata, however, V. angularis being the closest. Heuristically, the assembled genome was further aligned with 31 leguminous plants (13 complete genomes and 18 partial genomes), by collinearity block mapping. Further, we predicted similar discriminant results by complete CDS alignment. In contrast, 17 medically influential genomes from NIGMS-NIH, when compared with rice bean assembly for LCB clusters led to identification of more than 18000 genes from the entire selected medicinal genomes. Empirical construction of all genome comparisons revealed symplesiomorphic character in turn uncovering the lineage of genetic and functional features of rice beans. Signifiacantly, we found deserving late-flowering genes, palatably-indexed uncommon genes that regulate various metabolite pathways, related to abiotic and biotic stress pathways and those that are specific to photoperiod and disease resistance and so on. Further, we developed a repository for underutilised crop genome facility using D3.js at www.nicg.in. Therefore, the findings from this report addresses the genomic value of rice bean to be escalated via breeding by allied and applied approaches.
Transcriptomic Profile Analysis of Brain Inferior Colliculus Following Acute Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure
Authors: Kim Dong-Suk , Anantharam Poojya , Padhi Piyush , Thedens Daniel R , Li Ganwu , Gilbreath Ebony , Rumbeiha Wilson K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous molecule found naturally in the environment, and as an industrial byproduct, and is known to cause acute death and induces long-term neurological disorders following acute high dose exposures. Currently, there is no drug approved for treatment of acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity and/or neurological sequelae. Lack of a deep understanding of pathogenesis of H2S-induced neurotoxicity has delayed the development of appropriate therapeutic drugs that target H2S-induced neuropathology. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of H2S-induced neurodegeneration, and to identify key molecular elements and pathways that contribute to H2S-induced neurotoxicity. C57BL/6J mice were exposed by whole body inhalation to 700 ppm of H2S for either one day, two consecutive days or 4 consecutive days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan analyses showed H2S exposure induced lesions in the inferior colliculus (IC) and thalamus (TH). This mechanistic study focused on the IC. RNA Sequencing analysis revealed that mice exposed once, twice, or 4 times had 283, 193 and 296 differentially expressed genes (DEG), respectively (q-value < 0.05, fold-change > 1.5). Hydrogen sulfide exposure modulated multiple biological pathways including unfolded protein response, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, hypoxia, calcium signaling, and inflammatory response in the IC. Hydrogen sulfide exposure activated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to be potential initiators of the modulated signaling pathways following H2S exposure. Furthermore, microglia were shown to release IL-18 and astrocytes released both IL-1β and IL-18 in response to H2S. This transcriptomic analysis data revealed complex signaling pathways involved in H2S-induced neurotoxicity and may provide important associated mechanistic insights.HighlightsTranscriptomic profiling analyses following acute exposure to H2S were performedMultiple signaling pathways were dysregulated following H2S exposurePI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways were activated after H2S exposureMRI scan analysis revealed lesions in the IC and TH following H2S exposureAcute H2S exposure induced a neuroinflammatory response
Cell-Surface Proteomic Profiling in the Fly Brain Uncovers New Wiring Regulators
Authors: Li Jiefu , Han Shuo , Li Hongjie , Udeshi Namrata D. , Svinkina Tanya , Mani D. R. , Xu Chuanyun , Guajardo Ricardo , Xie Qijing , Li Tongchao , Luginbuhl David J. , Wu Bing , McLaughlin Colleen N. , Xie Anthony , Kaewsapsak Pornchai , Quake Stephen R. , Carr Steven A. , Ting Alice Y. , Luo Liqun 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYMolecular interactions at the cellular interface mediate organized assembly of single cells into tissues, and thus govern the development and physiology of multicellular organisms. Here, we developed a cell-type-specific, spatiotemporally-resolved approach to profile cell-surface proteomes in intact tissues. Quantitative profiling of cell-surface proteomes ofDrosophilaolfactory projection neurons (PNs) in pupae and adults revealed a global down-regulation of wiring molecules and an up-regulation of synaptic molecules in the transition from developing to mature PNs. A proteome-instructedin vivoscreen identified 20 new cell-surface molecules regulating neural circuit assembly, many of which belong to evolutionarily conserved protein families not previously linked to neural development. Genetic analysis further revealed that the lipoprotein receptor LRP1 cell-autonomously controls PN dendrite targeting, contributing to the formation of a precise olfactory map. These findings highlight the power of temporally-resolvedin situcell-surface proteomic profiling in discovering new regulators of brain wiring.
The effect of financial constraints on innovation in developing countries
Authors: Ayalew Misraku Molla , Xianzhi Zhang 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial constraints on innovation in developing countries. It also examines how the effect of financial constraints varies by sector and with main firm characteristics such as size and age.

Design/methodology/approach
The study utilizes matched firm-level data from two sources; the World Bank Enterprise Survey and the Innovation Follow-Up Survey. From 11 African countries, 4,720 firms have been included in the sample. A recursive bivariate probit model is used.

Findings
The result shows that financial constraints adversely affect a firm’s decision to engage in innovative activities and the likelihood to have product innovation and process innovation. The results point out that the extent of the adverse effect of financial constraints on innovation differs across the sectors, firm size and age groups. A firm’s innovation is also explained by firm size, R&D, cooperation/alliance, the human capital of the firm, staff training, public financial support and export. At last, the probability of encountering financial constraints is explained by firms’ ex ante financing structure, amount of collateral, accounting and auditing practices and group membership.

Practical implications
Managers should strengthen the internal and external financing capacity to reduce financing constraints and their adverse effect on innovation.

Social implications
A pending policy task for African leaders is to design and evaluate reforms that reduce the adverse effects of financial constraints on innovation.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the existing literature on financing of innovation by examining how and to what extent financial constraints affect innovation across various sectors, size and age groups.
Consumers’ perceptions towards Thai rice
Authors: Somsong Pimpinan , McNally Regina C. , Hsieh Chi-Ming 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumer preferences towards innovative rice products, and cross-cultural determinants of customers’ perceived value and loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach
A self-administered survey was designed to obtain participants’ perceptions about Thai rice, and preferences towards innovative Thai rice products. A total of 937 surveys were distributed and 908 valid surveys were returned, yielding a 96.7 per cent overall response rate. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assure the reliability and validity of the measures used in the survey instrument. Structural equation modelling was employed to assess the five hypothesised relationships between the four elements of the marketing mix, customer perceived value, and post-purchase behaviour, and to compare the path coefficients across the two cultural groups.

Findings
The findings reported herein show that eastern and western customers’ perceptions of marketing mix variables positively impact their perceptions of value, in turn, enhancing their loyalty to Thai rice. A successful marketing strategy should meet changing customer needs through adopting new products, services and unique marketing mix bundles. Such strategies should be tailored to the differing needs across cultures, and can address issues arising from changing competitive and environmental landscapes.

Research limitations/implications
The first limitation concerns the scope of the study. Specifically, the authors only conducted surveys during a two-month time period in 2018; the sampling sites were limited to several shopping malls in Bangkok; and the authors surveyed a high proportion of young, single, educated participants. The second limitation pertains to the selection and adaptation of constructs and their observed variables (such as the 4P indicators). Most of the observed variables were selected based on a literature review and the opinions of the scholars who participated in this study.

Practical implications
These results should be beneficial to members of the international rice industry, Thai rice exporters, the Thai government and to academics. Long-term success will be supported by focused attention on target segments and launch of innovative rice products that match differing preferences across nationalities.

Originality/value
Understanding consumers’ perspectives and preferences are critical to appropriate positioning and marketing of value-added Thai rice products. This study represents one of the first attempts to integrate marketing mix decisions, customers’ perceived value and loyalty within a Thai rice purchase behaviour context across eastern and western customers.