bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring genetic variation based on drought-induced phenotypic alterations during reproductive stages in Desi and Kabuli types of chickpea
Authors: Taleei Alireza , Shaabani Jalal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Identification of appropriate varieties adapted to the global warming and enhanced drought changes is imperative. In this study two sets of thirty elite genotypes of Desi and Kabuli chickpea types were used to investigate the effects of water scarcity at the phenotypic level in reproductive stages and surveying different drought-induced responses for them. Results: Alterations in GY and its components, FT, PT, MT, FM, and SDM as well as number of drought tolerance indices were measured in field conditions. The estimated genotypic effects were detected significant at both limited and full irrigation conditions for GY, GN, GW, and SDM; however, these effects had smaller values for environmental effects except in GW. The SDM and GW in water-limited conditions showed significant positive relationship with those of full irrigated for both chickpea types. GMP index provided the most positive correlations with GY for both type either of two conditions. The highest direct effect on GY was represented by SDM for Kabuli at both conditions as well as Desi chickpeas in limited water condition, while GN was the most one in full-irrigated Desi chickpeas. The ideal genotypes, 25 and 321, as Kabuli and Desi chickpeas, respectively, were detected with high stable and high GY.Conclusions: Results of this study showed that tested chickpea genotypes responded differently under different water treatments, suggesting the importance of assessment of genotypes under these conditions in order to identify the best genotype make up for each particular condition. As water stress severity was applied equally, therefore it was thought to be more serious in genotypes with a greater life cycle. However, it seems that chickpea plants have been adapted to the terminal drought stress, which could be due to the same time of vegetative growth with filling pods and transfer capability of photosynthesis assimilates towards more grain yield in tolerant genotypes. It seems to change in plant phenology due to the terminal drought stress more affected GN and GW in Desi and Kabuli chickpeas, respectively. These differences could be clear points for the leadership of breeding programs towards more adaptation of both Desi and Kabuli chickpea types to terminal water stress, respectively. Moderate to a high proportion of G × E effects were observed in combined analysis for GY, GN, and SDM compared to genotypic effects, suggesting that G × E effects played a greater role than genotypic effects. The ideal genotype of Kabuli type i.e. genotype 25 had greater GY as well as SDM in water-limited condition, while genotype 321 as ideal Desi genotype showed acceptable GY and SDM, but could compensate with higher GN.
Longitudinal Spatial Patterns of Intrinsic Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity in Upper Limb Amputees Patients
Authors: bao bingbo , hua xuyun , wei haifeng , luo pengbo , zhu hongyi , gao tao , wei xiaoer , li jing , li yuehua , chai yimin , zhang changqing , zheng xianyou 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Amputation in adults is a serious condition and most patients were associated with the remapping of representations in motor and sensory brain network. Methods: The present study includes 8 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with amputation. We use resting-state fMRI to investigate the local and extent brain plasticity in patients suffering from amputation simultaneously. Both the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) were used for the assessment of neuroplasticity in central level. Results: We described changes in spatial patterns of intrinsic brain activity and functional connectivity in amputees in the present study and we found that not only the sensory and motor cortex, but also the related brain regions involved in the functional plasticity after upper extremity deafferentation. Conclusion: Our findings showed local and extensive cortical changes in the sensorimotor and cognitive-related brain regions, which may imply the dysfunction in not only sensory and motor function, but also sensorimotor integration and motor plan. The activation and intrinsic connectivity in the brain changed a lot showed correlation with the deafferentation status.
Construction of Potato DM1-3-516-R44 (DM) Transgenic System Based on Agrobacterium Transformation
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wang Dongdong , Yang Yongzhi , Chen Qin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The sequencing potato DM1-3-516-R44 played an irreplaceable role in the study of gene function. So far, no one research the transformation system about DM. Therefore, our experiment was studied from three aspects: plant regeneration system, optimization of agrobacterium infection conditions and the effect of hygromycin on DM.
Results: A relatively suitable method for genetic transformation of DM was obtained: 1) The stem callus induction medium was MS + IAA 0.5 mg/L + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L, the leaf callus induction medium was MS + NAA 1.0mg/L + 6-BA 0.5mg/L and the shoot differentiation medium was MS + 6-BA 3.0 mg/L + ZT 0.5 mg/L. 2) The specific transformation condition was the agrobacterium concentration kept the OD600 = 0.3, and co-culture time consisted 3 days in the dark. The hygromycin concentration chose 8 mg/L to screen the transgenic plants. 3) Using hygromycin to screen about 100 transgenic shoots, 75 shoots were obtained and 53 strains were identified had target stripe by PCR technology.
Conclusion: The efficiency of the transformation system we created was over 50%. It provided a good basis for the study of potato gene function.
Longitudinal contribution of international electives for medical students to professional identity formation: A qualitative study
Authors: Hayashi Mikio , Son Daisuke , Nanishi Keiko , Eto Masato 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Globalization has given medical university students the opportunity to pursue international electives in other countries, enhancing the long-term socialization of medical professionals. This study examined the relationship between international electives for medical students and professional identity formation to identify the long-term effects of such electives.Methods: In all, 23 medical professionals (mean age 36.4 years; range 33–42 years), graduated from the University of Tokyo, participated in this study, and had completed their international electives for medical students more than 10 years before. The study employed a narrative inquiry approach based on a constructivist paradigm. Qualitative data were collected from 23 face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews with each participant and 16 narrative reflective reports on international electives for medical students based on ethical permission. The thematic analysis involved generative coding and theorization, with the data being analyzed and interpreted by several researchers.Results: During the interviews, 36 themes related to medical professional socialization were identified, and from these, a theoretical framework was developed comprising six primary socialization factors (i.e., perspective transformation, career-design, self-development, diversity of values, contribution to others, and leadership). It was concluded that international electives for medical students could promote reflective self-relativization and contribute to medical professional identity formation. Additionally, such electives can encourage pursuing a specialization and academic or non-academic work abroad. International electives for medical students could contribute to medical professional identity formation on the basis the idea of cross-cultural understanding.Conclusions: This study addressed a number of issues regarding the long-term impact of international elective experiences in various countries on the socialization of Japanese medical professionals. It was found that these experiences gave medical professionals an opportunity to advance their professional identity formation and reflect on their developing identities. Furthermore, such electives provided opportunities of gaining cross-cultural understanding on their professional identity formation. This study thus offers some guidance to mentors conducting international electives for medical students and provides useful information for professional identity formation development in medical professionals.
A change from a nursing specialisation programme to a Master of Science degree in Nursing (MSc)
Authors: Kvande Monica Evelyn , Delmar Charlotte , Bogstrand Martha , Danielsen Inger , Fagerjord Britt , Igesund Unni , Mehus Grete , Nikolaisen Ragnhild , Rasi Matias , Stenseth Rita , Tunby Jorunn , Børresen Randi , Emaus Nina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Delay Tumor Growth Properties of LA-PEG-G Molecule and Its' Application as Drug Carrier
Authors: wei guangcheng , Xin Meixiu , Wang Hao , Huo Yehong , Hu Wei , Jiang Jigang , Wang Lei , Ma Liying , Yan Miaomiao , Wang Chunhua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
LA–PEG–G molecule was prepared through the covalent conjugation of linoleic acid, polyethylene glycol and guanosine. LA–PEG–G molecule can self-assemble into spherical aggregate in aqueous solution. The size of the LA–PEG–G aggregate was approximately 132.1 ± 13.718 nm, and the Zeta potential was −36.3 ± 0.9644 mv. The loading rate of LA–PEG–G aggregates to Dox was 84.62 ± 1.810%. In vitro release experiments showed that Dox release from the LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine was slow-release. Cell experiments showed that LA–PEG–G aggregates have low cytotoxicity, and the relative cancer cells survival rate decreased with the increasing of time and LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine concentration. In vivo experiments showed that LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine can inhibit tumor growth, and the LA–PEG–G aggregate could also delay the tumor growth which is very important to play the synergistic antitumor effect with the anticancer drug. Serum biochemistry showed that LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine which reduced the Dox toxicity had very good antitumor effect. The tumor tissue sections indicated that LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine can effectively induce tumor cell apoptosis, and finally cause tissue necrosis to achieve tumor treatment.
A rare complication of implantable cardiac defibrillator placement
Authors: Ferreira João , Domingues Célia Marques , Costa Susana Isabel , Silva Maria Fátima Franco , Gonçalves Lino Manuel Martins 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) are a popular and effective option in heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction patients. Although frequently underdiagnosed, inadvertent malposition can lead to endocardial damage and thrombotic events. As ICD implants tend to increase in the following years, the recognition of their complications is critical. Case presentation The authors present a case of a 64-year-old woman with advanced heart failure and ICD malposition. This accidental discovery was denounced by the presence of a right bundle branch block pattern and later confirmed by echocardiography which showed the lead tip in contact with the mid segment of the left ventricular antero-lateral wall. As the patient hospitalisation was complicated with refractory ascites and cardiogenic shock, she underwent cardiac transplantation, with no recurrence of heart failure symptoms. Conclusions An electrocardiogram showing a right bundle branch block pattern during VVI pacing should arise the suspicion of inadvertent placement of a pacing/ICD lead. The many facets of echocardiography should be used for the diagnosis of this complication, as they were paramount in this case, as highlighted.
Assessing the challenges of utilizing fluoride filtered water and its factors, in Ethiopian central rift valley, Dugda district, Oromia region, south west Ethiopia,2019: A cross sectional study.
Authors: Tsebe Awash Almebo , Beyene Hunachaw , Erimias Adane , Ayenalem Alem Eskeziya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The high level of fluoride in the Rift Valley water is due to naturally occurring fluoride that dissolves out of certain acidic volcanic rock formations. However, the utilization of drinking fluoride filtered water with appropriate level of fluoride provides more than 60% of fluoride required by the body. Dugda district is one of the parts of Ethiopian central rift valley(ECRV) that have high fluoride up to 14mg/l in their groundwater source. There are 11 village sized de-fluoridation schemes in Dugda district. Sothe aim of this study was to assess the challenges of utilizing fluoride filtered water, and associated factors, in Ethiopian rift valley, Oromia region, North East Shaw Zone, Dugdadistrict. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design complemented with the qualitative study was conducted from April 11-30, 2018Girigorian Colander. A total of 417 head of households were selected randomly for survey questioner interview,and six in-depth interviews were done with different water and sanitation experts at office level and 12 community key informant interview had done. Result:In this study, 56.3% of the studded participants utilized fluoride filtered water for drinking and cooking foods.Household with a family history of no fluorosis problem had a statically significant association with utilizing fluoride filtered water 44.4 times (AOR 44.42, CI, (18.83, 24.74) more likely utilized fluoride filter water as compared to their counterpart. More than three forth 321(79.3%) households prefer to utilize filtered water from the newly established filtering techniques so-called HAP (Hydroxyl Appetite Filter), but in practice only181(44.7%), 47(11.6%) utilizetheir water from HAP and bonechar fluoride filteringtechniques respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that those H/H utilized community level florid filterwater regularly were less likely affected by fluorosis problem than those H/H not utilized there drinking water from community level florid filter. Accessibility and type of fluoride filtering options were most challenging factors to utilize fluoride filtered water by households.
Diagnosis of bovine gastrointestinal parasites: comparison of different techniques and different solutions&nbsp;
Authors: AKANDE FOLUKE Adedayo , PHILIP ALOHUTADE MAUTIN 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVES : Cattle are important livestock species in Nigeria. But disease agents, especially gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, hinder their productivity. Non availability of rapid and affordable tools for GI parasite diagnosis poses problem to practitioners thus, the use of rapid, highly sensitive diagnostic techniques is required. One hundred faecal samples from cattle were analyzed through Simple Faecal Flotation (SFF), Modified Centrifugal Faecal Flotation (MCFF) and Mini-FLOTAC ® techniques (MFT) using Sodium Chloride, Brine, Sugar, Salt/Sugar and Zinc Sulphate at specific gravity of 1.2, 1.23, 1.25, 1.3 and 1.3 respectively as Flotation Solutions (FS). RESULTS : 100% GI parasite prevalence of was recorded with the following distribution: Strongyle (99%), Strongyloides spp (97%), Neoascaris vitulorum (78%), Trichostrongylus (56%), Nematodirus (46%), Capillaria spp (14%) and Trichuris spp (6%), Moniezia benedini (24%), Moniezia expansa (16%) , Taenia-like egg (3%), Schistosoma eggs (3%) and Eimeria oocyst (100%). Using Salt/Sugar the sensitivity of the techniques was 61.99%, 58.49% and 54.24%. for MFT, SFF and MCFF respectively. Considering the sensitivity of Salt/Sugar FS with availability and affordability its use as a routine FS is advocated. The ease and rapid use of Mini-FLOTAC in low economy country in addition to safety of diagnostic staff and the possibility of re-usage.
Investigation of China’s Yunnan pharmaceutical industry derived from two ethnomedicines, Yi medicine and Dai medicine
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Li Caifeng , Zhang Xiaobo , Tang Shihuan , Huang Xiulan , Yang Hongjun , Cui Xiuming , Huang Luqi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Yunnan Province is a multi-ethnic area located in the southwest of China, and she also is rich in Chinese matiera medica resources, known as the ‘kingdom of plants’. There is abundant of ethnomedicine resources in Yunnan province and many ethnic minorities inherit and retain numerous knowledge of traditional medicine. The biomedicine and big health industry have been the pillar industry of Yunnan since 2016, which is the important pharmaceutical industrial base for Dai Medicine and Yi Medicine in China, for example Yunnan Baiyao with “amazing efficacy” and originating from a Yi medical formula. Yi medicine and Dai medicine of Yunnan Province were investigated in this work focusing on the basic information of Dai patent medicine (DPM) and Yi patent medicine (YPM), including the clinical indications, herbal resources and their sources of traditional knowledge. Methods: The data and information were collected from the published literatures and some public service websites, and the data base of DPM and YPM was established including the information about manufacturer, approval number, clinical indication, prescription composition, dosage form of drug, etc. We investigated the references and literatures including the publicly available pharmaceutical instructions ensuring the authenticity and reliability of the investigation. Results: The results showed that there were 28 varieties of DPMs and 73 varieties of YPMs approved to use in clinical according to the drug regulatory laws of China. In the DPMs and YPMs, about 109 and 197 herbal medicines are recorded in China Pharmacopoeia, 18 and 52 herbs are recorded in Standards for Chinese medicinal materials in Yunnan Province respectively. Nearly 20 herbs have not any quality standard. Among these herbal medicines, there are 10 herbs considered as Dai Medicine and 30 herbs as Yi Medicine. In order to produce these DPMs and YPMs, about 16 animal medicines and 17 rare and endangered medicinal materials would be collected and used. Conclusions: The investigation would provide a more detailed report on Yunnan ethnic medicine industry, and it should be believed reasonably that the ethnomedicine of Yunnan Province will give more choices for human health through scientific experiments and dealing with the sustainable utilization of medicine resources.
Exploration of barriers to the uptake of nutritional services among adolescent girls from the rural communities of Tigrai Region, Northern Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Kahsay Amaha , Gebregziabher Hadush , Hadush Znabu , Yemane Dejen , Hailemariam Abebe , Mulugeta Afework 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction:Adolescence is a time of tremendous physical growth and mental development, with high nutrient requirements. Ethiopia is among a country with high prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among the women of reproductive age group whilst adolescent girls from rural suffer from it disproportionally. However, there is dearth of evidence regarding the barriers that hinder adolescent girls to utilize the available nutritional interventions. Therefore, the current study aimed to qualitatively explore the range of barriers for the uptake of nutritional interventions among adolescent girls in rural communities of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. Methods and participants : An explorative qualitative study was employed among purposively selected adolescent girls and school teachers form rural districts of Tigrai region of Northern Ethiopian. Nine focused group discussions (FGDs) with adolescent girls (Five with in-school adolescents and four with out-school girls), thirteen in-depth interviews with adolescent girls (Seven in-school girls and six out-school girls) and in-depth interviews with six teachers were conducted using semi-structured guide. Data were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim in local language, translated into English and imported into ATLAS.ti version 7.5 qualitative data analysis software for coding and analysis. Results : Adolescents perceived that stunting, anemia and thinness are among the main nutritional problems in their community. Food insecurity, limited nutrition awareness in the community, limited access to water for drinking and gardening, high workload, service provider’s little attention for adolescents’ nutrition and food taboo were emerged as barriers for the uptake of adolescent girls nutritional interventions. Though limited in reach, available nutritional interventions include awareness creation, nutritional supplementation, and disease prevention. Conclusion : A range of barriers hinder adolescent girls to access nutritional interventions. Food insecurity poses a strong challenge to adolescent girls’ nutrition. As access to safe drinking water continues to be a considerable bottleneck for nutritional interventions, multi-sectoral response to integrate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is required. Bounded by food taboo, high burden of workload among the adolescent girls, women empowerment and nutritional status seem to be the unfinished agenda in resource limited settings such as the rural areas of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. Keywords : Adolescent girls, barriers, nutritional services, rural, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
High Urinary Sodium Excretion Is Associated with Synchronous Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms in Women
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Park Seon-Young , Chung Jin Ook , Seo Ji Ho , Cho Hyun A , Hong Ji-Yun , Park Chang Hwan , Kim Hyun Soo , Choi Sung Kyu , Rew Jong Sun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Although previous studies have suggested a high salt intake as a risk factor for precancerous and cancerous lesions of stomach, the evidence is not sufficient to draw a conclusion yet. We aimed to evaluate the association between ‘estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion’ and prevalence of synchronous gastric epithelial neoplasm. Methods: Among 2017 patients with gastric epithelial neoplasms, who had test results for estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, 1310 were enrolled. Results: There were 545 (41.6%) patients with high-grade dysplasia and early gastric cancer. The mean age was 64.5 years; 853 (65.1%) were men and 244 (18.6%) were smokers. The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was 71.0% (797/1123). The incidence of synchronous gastric epithelial neoplasm was 10.6% (139/1310). Significant interactions were seen between estimated 24-hour urine sodium’ and sex ( P -interaction =0.003), with the association largely limited to women; ‘estimated 24-hour urine sodium’ (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51, P = 0.012) was an independent risk factor for synchronous gastric neoplasm in women. Conclusions: High ‘estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion’ was associated with synchronous gastric epithelial neoplasm in women.