bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence among pregnant teenagers in Lira district, northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Auma Anna Grace , Ayebare Elizabeth , Olwit Connie , Ndeezi Grace , Nankabirwa Victoria , Tumwine James K 
Published: December 2020

Background/aims Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes for mothers and their unborn babies. Whereas the literature on intimate partner violence in the general population is extensive, little is known about this type of violence among pregnant teenagers, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among pregnant teenagers attending antenatal care clinics in Lira District, northern Uganda. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 310 pregnant teenagers attending antenatal care clinics at the Lira Regional Referral Hospital and Ogur Health Center IV. Eligible teenagers were recruited consecutively until the required sample size was accrued. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Intimate partner violence was determined using the Revised Conflict Tactile Scale 2. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with violence during pregnancy, while considering potential confounding factors. Results The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant teenagers was 40.6%. The prevalence of psychological violence was 37.1%, sexual assault was 29%, and physical violence was 24.8%. Partner alcohol intake (odds ratio=5.00, P=0.000); polygamy (odds ratio=2.80, P=0.001) and the inability of the teenage mother to make major decisions in the home (odds ratio=2.42, P=0.006) were independently associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Conclusions Approximately 4 in 10 pregnant teenagers in Lira district, northern Uganda experienced intimate partner violence. This is higher than has been reported in the general population of pregnant women in Uganda. Intimate partner violence screening and counselling should be part of the routine antenatal care package.
The circulatory system
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: December 2020

The circulatory system transports blood around the body. The blood carries a number of other substances needed by the body to function effectively; the cardiovascular system keeps life pumping through the body. This article offers an overview of this essential body system. It is vital to understanding the various functions of the cardiovascular system, along with its various pathways of veins, arteries and capillaries when providing people with safe and effective care. A glossary of terms has been included. A short quiz at the end of the article has been provided to encourage recall and learning.
‘I was fully consenting’: sexual violence voiced by an adolescent girl
Authors: Louhela Helena 
Published: December 2020

In this article, I study how an adolescent girl with an institutional background voices her previous experiences of a statutory sex crime relationship. The data were generated during 2013–2017 and analysed using the Listening Guide method in order to find different contrapuntal and situated voices and contextual layers from the girl’s story.
The results indicate that different temporal, situational and contextual aspects can be part of the perceptions of sexual consent and abuse. Furthermore, the impression and experiences of being cared for in an abusive relationship interrelate in how the abusive sexual experiences are voiced even after a long period of time. A concept of abusive illusion of care was introduced to describe one of the aspects related to this phenomenon and it was suggested that it should be included in Jenny Pearce’s social model of abused consent.
It is proposed that sexual consent could be approached as a situated and contextualised issue and from the perspective and recovery process of the victim; and, as such, an ongoing and proceeding negotiation on consent should also be allowed afterwards. In addition, new and caring ways of creating safe connections in order to confront sexual violence without silencing any voices are needed.
La articulación entre la Educación Media y Educación Superior. La experiencia del Programa Nexos 2019 en la Escuela Nº 511 Juana Azurduy de la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: HUESPE AGUSTINA BELÉN , SANTA CRUZ MACARENA , CAROLLO EMILCE LUCÍA 
Published: December 2020

La educación es la práctica social que permite y promueve la adquisición de habilidades, conocimientos y la ampliación de horizontes tanto personales como colectivos. El Sistema Educativo Argentinocomprende los niveles de educación inicial, primaria,secundaria y superior; siendo obligatorios los últimosaños del nivel inicial, así como los dos niveles siguientes. La Educación Superior comprende: Universidades e Institutos Universitarios, estatales o privadosautorizados, en concordancia con lo establecido en laLey N° 24.521 e Institutos de Educación Superior dejurisdicción nacional, provincial, de gestión estatal oprivada. La articulación entre la escuela secundaria yel nivel superior ha sido objeto de análisis en diversas
investigaciones. En este contexto surge el ProgramaNexos; herramienta que organiza espacios de acciónconjunta entre la Universidad y las instituciones de nivelsecundario. El mismo está impulsado por la Secretaríade Políticas Universitarias de la Nación a través delos Consejos Regionales de Planificación de EducaciónSuperior, surge en el año 2016, comenzando a implementarse en el año 2018. El presente trabajo intentadar cuenta de lo que fue la experiencia en 2019 en elcaso de la Escuela EESO N°511 «Juana Azurduy» deSanta Fe (Argentina).
A thematic-analytical review of knowledge production culture in architectural design
Authors: Kharazmi-Nezhad Alireza , Ömer Erem Nesip 
Published: December 2020

Architectural design, whether as a knowledge production process or as a ‘means’ for producing knowledge, has been the hot topic of theoretical debates since the late 1990s. Despite the developments, it requires more clarity as a young culture in the discipline. This research aims at deciphering the theoretical body to identify and bring the central themes into sight and provide a legible interpretation of knowledge production in architectural design. To this end, a unique methodology, adopted form content analysis, has been utilized. In this paper, a piece of the relevant literature was analysed by a computer application namely NVivo. The analysis has revealed a set of words from which the central themes are extracted. Out of thirty emphatic words, ten central themes are generated. According to the findings, ‘design and research’, ‘design process and methods’, and ‘newness and novelty’ appeared to be the key themes when knowledge production in architecture matters. The remaining seven themes are mainly included in the key themes. The findings show that knowledge production in architectural design is much more influenced by the field of design studies rather than architecture. This study remarks that the objective and generic aspect of architecture is investigated for knowledge production, however, taking architecture-specific dimensions into account could bring new insights into the discipline.
Az építészeti tervezés a tudástermelés folyamataként és „eszközeként” is az elméleti viták központi témája az 1990-es évek vége óta. Bár még fejlődésben van, a tudomány fiatal területeként szükség van arra, hogy fogalmait egyértelműbbé tegyék. E kutatás célja egy elméleti törzsanyag meghatározása, hogy a tudástermelés területe jól körülhatárolható legyen, célkitűzései láthatóvá, és fogalma értelmezhetővé váljon az építészeti tervezésben is. Ennek érdekében egyedülálló módszertan, formai tartalomelemzés alkalmazására került sor. A tanulmányban a vonatkozó szakirodalom egy részét az NVivo elnevezésű számítógépes alkalmazás segítségével elemeztük. Az elemzés gyakran ismételt szóhalmazokat gyűjtött, majd ezek alapján kivonatolta a szövegekben leggyakrabban előforduló témákat. A program harminc hangsúlyos szóból tíz központi témát generált. Az építészetre vonatkozó tudástermelés vizsgálata során a leggyakoribb találatok a „tervezés és kutatás”, a „tervezési folyamat és módszerek”, valamint az „újdonság és újszerűség” voltak. A többi hét témát nagyrészt magukba foglalták ezek a kulcstémák. A további eredmények azt mutatják, hogy az építészeti tervezésben megjelenő tudástermelésre nagyobb mértékben hatnak a tervezéselméleti stúdiumok, mint az építészeti gyakorlat. Noha jelen tanulmányunk az építészet objektív és általános aspektusát vizsgálja a tudástermelés szempontjából, e tudományágban később új fejezetet nyithatnak a kifejezetten építészeti szempontú megközelítések is.
The privacy problem for internalizing behavioral externalities
Authors: Jeffers Matthew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProviders of insurance used to have no other choice than to absorb the behavioral externalities of their policy-holders. New technology coupled with the incentives of low-risk consumers has made it possible for firms to price-discriminate on the basis of behavioral risk and thus internalize behavioral externalities. While cost-internalization is generally a positive development, the introduction of behavioral tracking technologies also introduces new economic and social costs. This paper explores the economic and moral trade-offs of adopting behavioral tracking technologies in various insurance settings.
Стан розвитку та шляхи удосконалення систем автоматичного керування параметрами випромінювання DFB лазерів
Authors: Похлєбіна Н. О. , Мазур О. В. , Ковальчук Д. А. 
Published: December 2020

Робота присвячена дослідженню напівпровідникових лазерів, їх функціонуванню, формалізації процесу як об'єкту керування. Розглянуті системи автоматичного керування напівпровідниковими лазерними діодами з розподіленим зворотнім зв’язком, зокрема одночастотні DFB- (англ. Distributed feedbacklaser «з розподіленим зворотним зв'язком»)лазерні діоди, які використовуються, як в якості високостабільних джерел оптичного сигналу у системах передачі даних так і джерел випромінювання із змінною довжиною хвилі випромінювання. Приведені основні відомості про лазерні діоди, їх характеристики та класифікація за фізичним станом. Розглянуті питання використання DFB-лазерів в якості джерела когерентного електромагнітного випромінювання зі змінною довжиною хвилі випромінювання. Представлена структурна схема типового напівпровідникового лазерного DFB-модуля, з взаємозв’язками між його основними компонентами. Проведена параметризація процесу формування лазерного випромінювання до рівня параметричної схеми. Представлена параметрична схема процесу як об’єкту керування та структурна схема моделі процесу. Проведено аналіз структурної організація існуючих систем автоматичного керування. Розглянуті принципи побудови існуючих систем автоматичного керування, які використовуються для формування когерентного електромагнітного випромінювання в системах передачі даних за технологією оптичного мультиплексування CWDM(Coarse Walelenght Devision Multiplexing) та DWDM (Dense Walelenght Devision Multiplexing). Виявлено основні недоліки та розглянуті можливі рішення для удосконалення структури і функцій систем автоматичного керування процесом. Представлені структурні схемі перспективних систем автоматичного керування побудованих за принципами інваріантності та автономності.
A fatal invasive Scedosporium apiospermum pulmonary infection in an adult patient with malignant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sav Hafize , Altinbas Rabiye , Bestepe Dursun Zehra 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Scedosporium apiospermum complex as a ubiquitous environmental mold is increasingly reported to cause an invasive fungal infection in immunosuppressive hosts. Herein, we present the case of an immunosuppressive 54-year-old man who developed S. apiospermum complex lung infection and pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Case report: The patient had some complaints of dyspnea and cough during a neutropenic episode. The computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient revealed pleural effusion. After culturing the pleural fluid sample, the fungus was identified by microscopic examination and ITS sequencing. In addition, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the M38-A2 microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin were obtained as > 64, 0.06, 0.06, and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. Voriconazole (administered in two doses of 6 mg/kg and a maximum of 250 mg) was preferred for treatment. The patient received antifungal treatment for 2 months; however, he was lost to follow-up.
Conclusion: Scedosporium apiospermum complex should be considered a cause of systemic fungal infections in neutropenic patients. Furthermore, the determination of the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of clinical strains may contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches.
Identification of Malassezia species using direct PCR-sequencing on clinical samples from patients with pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Gholami Mahnaz , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Mohammadi Rasoul 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Malassezia yeasts are lipophilic normal flora of the skin in humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates. This genus includes 18 species and is responsible for dermatological disorders, such as pityriasis versicolor, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, folliculitis, and dandruff. The aim of the present study was to identify the etiologic agents of Malassezia infections among the patients referring to the Referral Dermatology Clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during 2018-2019.
Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, clinical specimens, including skin scrapings and dandruff, were collected and subjected to direct microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing. Direct PCR was performed on the clinical samples to amplify the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA, using specific primers; subsequently, the amplicons were sent for sequencing.
Results: This study was conducted on 120 patients with suspected pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis, who referred to the Referral Dermatology Clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during 2018-2019. Out of this population, 50 (41.7%), 26 (52%), and 24 (48%) cases had Malassezia infection, pityriasis versicolor, and seborrheic dermatitis, respectively. Malassezia globosa was found to be the most prevalent species (n=29, 58%), followed by M. restricta (n=20, 40%), and M. arunalokei (n=1, 2%).
Conclusion: The epidemiologic study was indicative of the frequency of some Malassezia species, such as M. globosa and M. restricta, in Isfahan, Iran. It can be concluded that direct PCR on clinical samples could be used as a simple, precise, effective, fast, and affordable method for research and even routine medical mycology laboratory studies.
Prevalence, species distribution, and risk factors of fungal colonization and infection in patients at a burn intensive care unit in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Bang , Thanh Xuan Nguyen , Xuan Quang Dinh , Ba Loi Cao , Thai N Minh Nguyen , Nhu Lam Nguyen , Anh Do , Hien Truong , Xuan Su Hoang , Le Tran-Anh 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Burn patients are at a higher risk of infections caused by different organisms. This study aimed to address the prevalence, causative species, and factors related to fungal colonization or infection in patients with acute severe injuries admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a burn hospital in northern Vietnam.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 400 patients in a burn ICU between 2017 and 2019. Clinical samples were weekly collected and screened for fungi, and relevant clinical information was obtained from medical records.
Results: According to the results, 90% of the patients were colonized with fungi. Out of this group, 12.75% of the cases had invasive fungal infection (IFI). Eleven yeasts and six mold species were isolated from the patients, with the most common species being Candida tropicalis (45.56%) and C. albicans (41.94%). Among the eleven species causing fungal wound infection (FWI), the most common agents were Candida (66.7% of FWI patients) and Aspergillus (38.5%) species. Three Candida species isolated from blood were C. tropicalis (66.7%), C. albicans (20.0%), and C. parapsilosis (14.3%). No factors were found to expose the patients to a higher risk of fungal colonization. However, hyperglycemia, prolonged ICU stay, and heavy Candida species colonization were found to be independently predictive of IFI.
Conclusion: Burn patients are at the risk of fungal infection with Candida species (especially C. tropicalis) and Aspergillus as the most frequently responsible agents. Continuous surveillance of fungi and appropriate management of pathophysiological consequences are essential to prevent fungal infection in burn patients.
Dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacy in Iraq: a qualitative study
Authors: Alkadhimi Akram , Dawood Omar T. , Hassali Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study aimed to understand the dispensing practice of antibiotics in community pharmacy in Iraq, in addition to explore the community pharmacists' perception about dispensing antibiotics without prescription.
Methods: A qualitative design was conducted on community pharmacists in Baghdad, Iraq. Pharmacists were selected conveniently from different gender, age group, pharmacy type and years of experience. Face-to-face semi-structure interview was used with all the pharmacists to get in-depth understanding about their dispensing practice of antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacy. The data was coded and classified for thematic analysis.
Results: This study found that dispensing of antibiotics without prescription was a common practice in community pharmacy. Pharmacists' perception towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription was associated with the medical condition, safety and efficacy of antibiotics, patients request antibiotics by name, emergency cases, regular customer, promotions from pharmaceutical companies, saving time and cost, brand medications, and poor healthcare services. In addition, there were inadequate knowledge about antibiotic resistance and lack of awareness about antibiotic stewardship leading to inappropriate dispensing practice.
Conclusions: Community pharmacists have poor perception towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription. Educational interventions about antibiotics use focusing on community pharmacists are needed. This will help to optimize the practice of dispensing of antibiotics in the community. In addition, training programs about antibiotic resistance are important to enhance pharmacists' understanding about antibiotic stewardship.
Studi Formulasi Sediaan Lip Balm Ekstrak Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) dengan Variasi Beeswax
Authors: Ambari Yani , Hapsari Fitra Nanda Dwi , Ningsih Arista Wahyu , Nurrosyidah Iif Hanifa , Sinaga Butet 
Published: December 2020

Bibir merupakan salah satu bagian kulit yang membutuhkan perlindungan agar kelembaban bibir tetap terjaga. Akibat dari fungsi perlindungan yang buruk bibir menjadi kering, pecah-pecah, dan warna bibir menjadi kusam. Lip balm adalah sediaan yang diaplikasikan pada bibir untuk mencegah bibir kering dan melindungi dari efek lingkungan yang buruk. Kualitas fisik lip balm merupakan faktor yang harus dipenuhi sebelum sediaan lip balm dipasarkan ke konsumen. Pemilihan basis yang tepat akan menentukan kualitas kekerasan sehingga dapat diterima oleh masyarakat, karena basis merupakan pembentuk utama dari sediaan lip balm. beeswax mempunyai sifat sebagai pengikat yang baik, dimana membantu untuk menghasilkan massa yang homogen. Pada penelitian ini bahan aktif yang digunakan yaitu kayu secang karena mengandung senyawa brazilein yang bisa sebagai pewarna alami dan antiokasidan.. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental formulasi sediaan lip balm dengan menggunakan beeswax 5%, 10% dan 15%. Tujuan penelitian ini Mengetahui formulasi yang tepat sediaan lip balm dengan bahan aktif ekstrak kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.), mengetahui stabilitas fisik sediaan lip balm dengan bahan aktif ekstrak kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.), mengetahui konsentrasi basis yang sesuai, untuk mendapatkan sediaan lip balm yang berkualitas (sesuai standart farmasi). Hasil penelitian telah didapatkan formula yang bagus dengan karakteristik fisik yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan meliputi pengamatan stabilitas, pengukuran pH, pengujian homogenitas, pengujian iritasi, pengujian kesukaan (Hedonic test) dan pengujian cycling test. formula yang tepat di dapat pada formula 1 dengan konsentrasi beeswax 5% menghasilkan tekstur warna, aroma, memiliki nilai daya lekat dan daya sebar yang baik, pH sesuai terhadap pH bibir, tidak mengiritasi, sediaan homogen, paling banyak disukai oleh responden dan stabil selama penyimpanan. Konsentrasi basis yang baik yaitu basis 5% pada formula 1 karena menghasilkan tekstur lip balm semi padat dan sangat halus. Kata kunci : Lip balm, Beeswax , Bibir, Caesalpinia sappan
Strategic negotiation on the performance of government’s devolved systems in Kenya
Authors: Chepng'etich Carren 
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of strategic negotiation on the performance of Devolved systems of governments in Kenya, the study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population for this study consisted of the 47 county governments in Kenya, the sample size comprised of 10 counties namely; Garissa, Kisii, Nyamira, Narok, Marsabit, Murang’a, Bomet, Nairobi, Kiambu, and Homa Bay, and the respondents ware specifically employees working under finance and procurement department. The study utilized stratified random sampling to pick 186 respondents from the finance and procurement departments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were aided by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 24. Hypothesis testing was carried out using multiple regression analysis and standard F tests. The study concluded that strategic negotiation practice has a moderate positive correlation with the performance of devolved systems of government in Kenya using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The study found out that if the management could adopt strategic negotiation, it could increase the performance of devolved systems of government. The study further, therefore, concluded that devolved systems of government strategically have adopted the use of negotiations for various reasons such as to obtain fair prices for the specified quality of the item, agree on delivery period, decide on the packaging, packing, and method of transportation, agree on the payment terms and many other reasons.