bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of urinary incontinence in a cat with genitourinary dysplasia using an urethral sphincter occluder
Authors: Fournet A. , Maurey C. , Decambron A. , Viateau V. , Manassero M. 
Published: July 2020

A 2‐year‐old spayed female Maine Coon presented with urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infection since 2 months of age. Clinical examination was unremarkable. Ultrasonography, CT and cystourethroscopy revealed urogenital abnormalities consistent with genitourinary dysplasia. Urethral pressure profilometry suggested urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. Surgical placement of an artificial urethral sphincter occluder was performed. Mild decrease of urinary incontinence was observed 6 weeks postoperatively. Inflation of the occluder under urethral pressure profilometry was subsequently performed and resolved the incontinence. This is the first report to describe the use of urodynamic testing at the time of inflation of an artificial urethral sphincter occluder to adjust the degree of urethral occlusion.
Clinical features and outcome of functional thyroid tumours in 70 dogs
Authors: Scharf V. F. , Oblak M. L. , Hoffman K. , Skinner O. T. , Neal K. M. , Cocca C. J. , Duffy D. J. , Wallace M. L. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features and outcome of functional thyroid tumours in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective multi‐institutional study of 70 dogs diagnosed with thyroid mass and concurrent hyperthyroidism. Clinical data regarding presentation, treatment, outcome and functional thyroid status were retrieved.ResultsOverall median survival of dogs with functional thyroid tumours was 35.1 months and 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates were 83 and 49%, respectively. Median survival time was 72.6 months for dogs treated with surgical excision and 15.7 months for dogs that did not receive surgery. Of the 50 dogs treated by surgery and for which thyroid status was known following treatment, 64% developed hypothyroidism after surgery. Histopathologically confirmed metastasis was identified in 3% of dogs.Clinical SignificanceDogs with functional thyroid tumours may survive a long time after surgical excision, although post‐operative hypothyroidism is common.
Understanding poetry otherwise: New criticism and historical poetics
Authors: Levine Naomi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay juxtaposes recent work in historical poetics with New Critical reading practices, particularly those theorized by Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren in their influential textbook Understanding Poetry (1938). It focuses on the relationships among method, period, and aesthetic value: the ways that New Critical reading and its variety of critical judgment helped make 19th‐century poetry minor. Examining Understanding Poetry's association of 19th‐century poetry with aesthetic badness—as well as the generic histories of the textbook's “bad” poems—the essay demonstrates the importance of the problem of evaluation for historical poetics.
Shear loading detection of through bolts in bridge structures using a percussion‐based one‐dimensional memory‐augmented convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Furui , Song Gangbing , Mo Yi‐Lung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe through bolt, which can be used as a shear connector, has attracted more attention since several accelerated bridge construction methods have been applied to renovate damaged bridges and construct new ones. Because current methods for shear loading detection of through bolts require constant deployment of sensors, the percussion‐based method may be a better alternative to improve the practicality and reduce costs. However, to process percussion‐induced sound signals, current percussion‐based methods all employ machine learning (ML) techniques that depend on manual extraction and classification of features. Attempting to solve this issue, we propose a one‐dimensional, memory‐augmented convolutional neural network (1D‐MACNN) inspired by the memory‐augmented neural network (MANN), which is the main computational novelty of this paper. Particularly, the proposed 1D‐MACNN has capacity to address new scenarios from unknown distributions, that is, the testing categories have not been seen during the training. By directly feeding the raw percussion‐induced sound signals into the 1D‐MACNN, the shear loading of through bolts can be detected. Compared to current ML‐based and deep learning‐based methods for one‐dimensional (1D) signals (e.g., 1D convolutional neural network and 1D convolutional neural network–long short‐term memory), the advantage of our proposed 1D‐MACNN is that it can achieve better performance. Specifically, the proposed 1D‐MACNN can achieve accuracy of 1, precision of 1, recall of 1, and F1‐score of 1. Moreover, the proposed 1D‐MACNN can effectively address the issue of new categories without retraining (in terms of two new categories: accuracy = .83; precision = .89; recall = .77; F1‐score = .83). Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the 1D‐MACNN, which has great potential to detect shear loading of through bolts in bridge structures.
Granuloma formation and tissue pathology in Schistosoma japonicum versus Schistosoma mansoni infections
Authors: Llanwarne Felix , Helmby Helena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSchistosomiasis is the most important helminth disease in the world from a public health perspective. S mansoni and S japonicum account for the majority of global intestinal schistosomiasis cases, and the pathogenesis is widely assumed to be fundamentally similar. However, the majority of research on schistosomiasis has been carried out on S mansoni and comparisons between the two species are rarely made. Here, we will discuss aspects of both older and recent literature where such comparisons have been made, with a particular focus on the pathological agent, the host granulomatous response to the egg. Major differences between the two species are apparent in features such as egg production patterns and cellular infiltration; however, it is also clear that even subtle differences in the cascade of various cytokines and chemokines contribute to the different levels of pathology observed between these two main species of intestinal schistosomiasis. A better understanding of such differences at species level will be vital when it comes to the development of new treatment strategies and vaccines.
‘Treat me with respect’: transgender persons’ experiences of encounters with healthcare staff
Authors: Carlström Rebeccah , Ek Susanna , Gabrielsson Sebastian 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundTransgender persons face barriers to health care including discrimination and lack of awareness by professionals. This study aimed to describe transgender persons’ experiences of encounters with healthcare staff.MethodsParticipants were recruited through postings in social media and on websites targeting people identifying as transgender. Through an online form, 21 people identifying as transgender provided written self‐reports. These were analysed using a method for inductive qualitative content analysis. The study was conducted in Sweden in 2018.ResultsThe results describe transgender persons’ experiences and perceptions of encounters with healthcare staff in one theme: treat me with respect, and three main categories: accept me for who I am; treat me according to my needs; and meet me with competence.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals can contribute in restoring and upholding transgender people’s trust in health care by accepting their identity and focusing on their healthcare needs while also being informed about transgender people’s needs and realities. A key point in this is recognising transgender person’s vulnerability to violations of dignity in relation to health care.
How does the change of a single data point affect the variance, and why?
Authors: Humenberger Hans 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate an interesting question that came up when reading a problem in a school textbook: What happens to the variance of a dataset in the case of changing one single data point, and why? Some of the answers are not surprising but here we find the full answer and demonstrate the understanding of it suitable for school students.
Experimental and Computational Investigations of the Thermal Environment in a Small Operational Data Center for Potential Energy Efficiency Improvements
Authors: Turkmen Ismail , Mercan Cem Ahmet , Erden Hamza Salih 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The share of equipment and power use in smaller data centers (DCs) is comparable with that of more massive counterparts. However, they grabbed less attention in the literature despite being less energy-efficient. This study highlights the challenges of setting up a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a 180-m2 small-size high-performance computing (HPC) DC and the validation procedure leading to a reasonably accurate model for the investigation of the thermal environment and potential energy efficiency improvements. Leaky floors, uneven placement of computing equipment and perforated tiles preventing separation of hot and cold air, low-temperature operation, and excessive cooling capacity and fan power were identified sources of energy inefficiency in the DC. Computational fluid dynamics model predictions were gradually improved by using experimental measurements for various boundary conditions (BCs) and detailed geometrical representation of large leakage openings. Eventually, the model led to predictions with an error of less than 1 °C at the rack inlet and less than 5 °C at the rack outlet. The ultimate objective was to use the validated CFD model to test various energy efficiency measures in the form of operational or design changes in line with the best practices. Impact of leakage between the raised floor and the room, reduced airflow rate, cold-aisle and hot-aisle separation, workload consolidation, and higher temperature operation were among the phenomena tested by using the validated CFD model. The estimated power usage effectiveness (PUE) value reduced from 1.95 to 1.40 with the proposed energy efficiency measures.
Effect of Friction Velocity on Tribological Behavior of Coumarin as Mineral Oil Additive
Authors: Tang Huajie , Sun Jianlin , Zhao Zhangliang , Han Zhao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The tribological behavior of lubricants, prepared with a mineral base oil, lauryl alcohol, and different concentrations of coumarin, was examined using a four-ball tester under constant and variable friction velocity conditions. At constant friction velocity, the maximum non-seizure load (PB) increased from 304 N to 392 N at a coumarin concentration of 0.5 wt%. Lubricants with 0.7 wt% coumarin exhibited optimum lubricating properties, and the maximum reductions in friction coefficient (FC) and wear scar diameter (WSD) were 20.0% and 11.88%, respectively. Further investigation of the tribological mechanism implied that the ester group in the coumarin molecule established a connection with the surface atom, resulting in the formation of a tribofilm, which further restricted the adhesion wear regime. Additionally, under variable friction velocity conditions, increasing the coumarin concentration had an obvious effect on the mixed lubrication (ML) and elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regions but not on other lubrication regions. Moreover, a mathematical model was proposed to show the relationship between FC and friction velocity. Importantly, the present work clarifies the effect of friction velocity on the tribological behavior of coumarin and also supports the use of coumarin as a novel additive in mineral oils.
Optimal Load Sharing in Bioinspired Fibrillar Adhesives: Asymptotic Solution
Authors: Khungura Harman , Bacca Mattia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose here an asymptotic solution defining the optimal compliance distribution for a fibrillar adhesive to obtain maximum theoretical strength. This condition corresponds to that of equal load sharing (ELS) among fibrils, i.e., all the fibrils are carrying the same load at detachment; hence, they all detach simultaneously. We model the array of fibrils as a continuum of linear elastic material that cannot laterally transmit load (analogous to a Winkler soil). Ultimately, we obtain the continuum distribution of fibril's compliance in the closed-form solution and compare it with previously obtained data for a discrete model for fibrillar adhesives. The results show improving accuracy for an incremental number of fibrils and smaller center-to-center spacing. Surprisingly, the approximation introduced by the asymptotic model shows reduced sensitivity of the adhesive strength with respect to misalignment and improved adhesive strength for large misalignment angles.
Gold mobilization during metamorphic devolatilization of Archean and Paleoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks
Authors: Patten C.G.C. , Pitcairn I.K. , Molnár F. , Kolb J. , Beaudoin G. , Guilmette C. , Peillod A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Volcanic rocks in Archean and Paleoproterozoic greenstone belts are abundant and have been suggested as a potential Au source for orogenic Au deposits. The behavior of Au during metamorphism of these rocks is, however, poorly known. We present ultra-low-detection-limit Au analyses from a suite of variably metamorphosed rocks from the Archean La Grande subprovince, Canada, and the Paleoproterozoic Central Lapland greenstone belt, Finland. Both areas are well endowed in Au and have great potential for discovery of new orogenic Au deposits. The metavolcanic rocks in these belts are grouped into tholeiite and calc-alkaline magmatic series, for which the protolith Au contents are calculated using Au versus Zr/Y power-law regressions from greenschist facies samples. In the tholeiitic rocks, Au is compatible during magmatic processes and decreases with differentiation, whereas in the calc-alkaline rocks, Au is incompatible and increases with differentiation. Mass-variation calculations show that as much as 77% and 59% of the initial Au content is lost during progressive metamorphism to upper amphibolite facies conditions (&gt;550 °C) in La Grande and Central Lapland respectively. This study highlights, first, that metavolcanic rocks release Au during metamorphism in Archean and Paleoproterozoic greenstone belts and are thus a good potential source rocks for orogenic Au deposits; second, that the Au fertility of the metavolcanic rocks is controlled by their mantle source and magmatic evolution; and third, that the metamorphic devolatilization model can be applied to Archean and Paleoproterozoic orogenic Au deposits.
Association of endothelial dysfunction with incident prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and related traits: the KORA F4/FF4 study
Authors: Huemer Marie-Theres , Huth Cornelia , Schederecker Florian , Klug Stefanie J , Meisinger Christa , Koenig Wolfgang , Rathmann Wolfgang , Peters Annette , Thorand Barbara 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPeripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) is an operator-independent and non-invasive measurement method to assess microvascular endothelial function in the fingertips. PAT-derived measures of endothelial function were associated with type 2 diabetes in cross-sectional studies. However, longitudinal studies are lacking. The study aims to investigate the association of two PAT-derived endothelial function parameters reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and mean baseline amplitude (MBA) with follow-up glucose and insulin parameters and the development of (pre)diabetes and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsThe study included 673 participants initially without diabetes (328 men and 345 women) aged 52–71 years from the prospective population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg F4/FF4 cohort study conducted in Southern Germany (baseline examination F4: 2006–2008; follow-up FF4: 2013–2014). An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and follow-up to define type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function and hemoglobin A1c.ResultsIn multivariable adjusted logistic/linear regression models, a 1 SD increase in baseline RHI was inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes (OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.97)) as well as with fasting insulin (β −0.069 (95% CI −0.131 to −0.007)) and HOMA-IR (β −0.072 (95% CI −0.133 to −0.010)) at follow-up in participants with initial normoglycemia. A 1 SD increase in baseline MBA was positively associated with incident (pre)diabetes (OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.11)) and fasting glucose (β 0.096 (95% CI 0.047 to 0.146)) at follow-up in participants with initial normoglycemia.ConclusionsMicrovascular endothelial dysfunction seems to be involved in the development of early derangements in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance and could thereby trigger the development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Sensitivity and specificity of different imaging modalities in diagnosing necrotising enterocolitis in a Polish population of preterm infants: a diagnostic test accuracy study protocol
Authors: Seliga-Siwecka Joanna , Rutkowski Jakub , Margas Wojciech , Puskarz- Gąsowska Joanna , Bokiniec Renata 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious conditions in newborn infants, affecting up to 10% of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Mortality rates can rise as high as 60%.The suspected diagnosis is confirmed with typical findings on abdominal radiography (AR) such as pneumatosis intestinalis (PI), portal vein gas (PVG) and in extreme cases pneumoperitoneum. Abdominal ultrasound (AUS) can depict PI, PVG and pnuemoperitoneum (in some cases ahead of AR), but it also provides other crucial information such as bowel wall viability (thickness or thinning) and free abdominal fluid. These additional findings are helpful in diagnosing and managing NEC.Methods and analysisThe hypothesis being tested is that preforming an AR in patients with clinical symptoms of NEC, but inconclusive/normal AR will enhance detection rates, and expedite treatment in infants born at <32 weeks. Additionally, the time needed to initiate treatment, according to decision made based on AR or AR and AUS will also be compared. The use of AUS together with AR as an add-on test may increase the accuracy of diagnosing NEC and expedite life-saving treatment. We plan to recruit 200 VLBW infants, who are most prone to NEC. It will also be the first multicentre study evaluating the use of AUS as an add-on test, enabling us to recruit a significantly higher number of patients compared with published studies.Ethics and disseminationThe Bioethical Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw has approved the study (KB 130/2017). We plan to submit our findings to international peer-reviewed journals. Abstract will be submitted to local and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03188380; Protocol version: V.2.08.2019; Pre-results.
Qualitative study to explore radiologist and radiologic technologist perceptions of outcomes patients experience during imaging in the USA
Authors: Zigman Suchsland Monica , Cruz Maria Jessica , Hardy Victoria , Jarvik Jeffrey , McMillan Gianna , Brittain Anne , Thompson Matthew 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the patient-centred outcomes (PCOs) radiologists and radiologic technologists perceive to be important to patients undergoing imaging procedures.DesignWe conducted a qualitative study of individual semi-structured interviews.ParticipantsWe recruited multiple types of radiologists including general, musculoskeletal neuroradiology, body and breast imagers as well as X-ray, ultrasound, CT or MRI radiologic technologists from Washington and Idaho.OutcomeThematic analysis was conducted to identify themes and subthemes related to PCOs of imaging procedures.ResultsTen radiologists and six radiology technologists participated. Four main domains of PCOs were identified: emotions, physical factors, knowledge and patient burden. In addition to these outcomes, we also identified patient and provider factors that can potentially moderate these outcomes.ConclusionsRadiologists and technologists perceived outcomes related to the effect of imaging procedures on patients’ emotions, physical well-being, knowledge and burden from financial and opportunity costs to be important to patients undergoing imaging procedures. There are opportunities for the radiology community to measure and use these PCOs in comparisons of imaging procedures and potentially identify areas where these outcomes can be leveraged to drive a more patient-centred approach to radiology.
Identifying significant contributors for smoking cessation among male prisoners in Australia: results from a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Wand Handan , Richmond Robyn , Adily Armita , Le Andrea , Wilhelm Kay , Butler Tony 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionIn Australia, an estimated 90% of those entering prison are current tobacco smokers and three-quarters of current prisoners are tobacco smokers.AimsTo identify factors and their relative contributions to smoking cessation among male prisoners.MethodsA total of 425 male tobacco smokers with a median age of 32 years in Australian prisons. The primary outcome was continuous abstinence at 3, 6 and 12 months. We measured various sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, psychological distress and the mental and physical health status of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression models and population attributable risks (PAR%) were used to identify the significant factors and their contributions to smoking cessation rates.ResultsThe median age of participants was 32 years (IQR 25–41 years). High smoking cessation rates were collectively associated with not using drugs, lower psychological distress, good mental health scores and better physical health (PAR%: 93%, 98% and 88% at 3, 6 and 12 months).ConclusionOur study suggests that not using drugs and being in good mental/physical health are the important contributors to continuous abstinence among prisoners. Thus, effective smoking cessation programmes require a multicomponent approach that includes addressing drug problems and mental health functioning.Trial registration number12606000229572.
National suicide management guidelines with family as an interv’ention and suicide mortality rates: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Panesar Balpreet , Soni Divya , Khan Mohammed I , Bdair Faris , Holek Matthew , Tahir Talha , Woo Julia , Khumalo Nonhlanhla , Thabane Lehana , Samaan Zainab 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionSuicidal behaviour remains a major public health challenge worldwide. Several countries have developed national suicide guidelines aimed at raising awareness of and preventing deaths by suicide. One of the interventions often mentioned in these national guidelines is the involvement of family members as a protective factor in suicide prevention. However, the level or type of family involvement required to reduce suicidal behaviour is not well understood. Thus, in this systematic review, we seek to determine the effectiveness of family-based interventions as a suicide prevention tool, by comparing suicide mortality rates between countries whose national suicide prevention guidelines include family-based interventions and those whose do not.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and WHO MiNDbank databases as well as grey literature such as National Guideline Clearinghouse will be searched. National guidelines for suicide prevention published within the last 20 years (between 1999 and 2019) will be included. Results will be analysed using thematic and qualitative analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of the study will help improve the efficacy of national suicide prevention strategies. Findings will be disseminated using easily accessible summary reports and resources to primary end users.PROSPERO registration numberThis protocol has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019130195).