bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Multi‐Material Craft in Basic Education
Authors: Pöllänen Sinikka Hannele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Finland, the National Core Curriculum for basic education from 2014 discusses holistic and multi‐material craft, which includes technical work and textile work aiming to break down the gender‐based tradition in craft education. However, teachers have been confused about the concept of multi‐materiality; it has raised tension between textile work and technical work, and teachers have not found practical pedagogical solutions for teaching these subjects. In this systematic literature review, the main aim is to open the concept of multi‐materiality and give examples to implement multi‐materiality in craft during basic education. Twenty articles dealing with craft, multi‐materiality, material or materialisation formed the basis of the analysis. According to the results, the concept of multi‐materiality is open, it does not define the means by which the design and making process is supposed to be implemented or who is the actor. However, the clear impetus is non‐gender‐based and material‐free knowledge‐building and learning activities in craft education. The pedagogical examples presented in this article indicate that multi‐materiality is not an end itself. In advancing creativity, critical thinking, discovering and understanding of the technological and cultural world through multi‐materiality, student learning can have different starting points and can be implemented in diverse ways.
Endocardial contact mapping of the left atrial appendage in persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihide , Akiyoshi Kikou , Sekigawa Masahiko , Yagishita Atsuhiko , Yamamoto Tasuku , Maeda Shingo , Kawabata Mihoko , Goya Masahiko , Hirao Kenzo , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionIsolation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is often performed in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Propagation patterns in the LAA during AF remain to be elucidated. We sought to characterize propagation patterns in the LAA during AF in persistent AF.MethodsPersistent AF patients undergoing catheter ablation were studied. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was performed during continuous AF. If AF was not terminated by PVI, bi‐atrial mapping was performed using a multi‐electrode catheter during AF. Maps were collected at each site for 30 seconds and analyzed offline with a novel software, CARTOFINDER. This software made automatic determinations of whether activation was focal or rotational. The left atrium (LA) was divided into five regions, of which the LAA was one, and the right atrium (RA) into three.ResultsEighty patients were studied (62 ± 10 years, 65 males). On average, 9.6 ± 2.2 and 4.1 ± 1.2 maps were created in the LA and RA, respectively. The LAA was mapped in 70 patients, resulting in 85 maps. In the LAA, activation was identified as focal more often than rotational (64 [91%] vs 10 [14%] patients, P < .001), seven patients displayed both. The number of focal activation events was greatest in the LAA (28.5 events/30 seconds [interquartile range, 15‐54]) of the eight atrial regions. During focal activation, sites designated as earliest activation frequently covered a wide area, rather than being localized to a discrete site (5.4 ± 3.1 electrodes).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that focal activation is a major mechanism underlying the arrhythmogenicity of the LAA in persistent AF.
l‐tetrahydropalmatine suppresses osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro via blocking RANK‐TRAF6 interactions and inhibiting NF‐κB and MAPK pathways
Authors: Zhi Xin , Wang Lipeng , Chen Huiwen , Fang Chao , Cui Jin , Hu Yan , Cao Liehu , Weng Weizong , Zhou Qirong , Qin Longjuan , Song Hongyuan , Wang Yajun , Wang Yao , Jiang Hao , Li Xiaoqun , Wang Sicheng , Chen Xiao , Su Jiacan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBone homeostasis is delicately orchestrated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Various pathological bone loss situations result from the overactivated osteoclastogenesis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)‐activated NF‐κB and MAPK pathways is vital for osteoclastogenesis. Here, we for the first time explored the effects of l‐tetrahydropalmatine (l‐THP), an active alkaloid derived from corydalis, on the formation and function of osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo. In RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow monocytes cells (BMMCs), l‐THP inhibited osteoclastic differentiation at the early stage, down‐regulated transcription level of osteoclastogenesis‐related genes and impaired osteoclasts functions. Mechanically, Western blot showed that l‐THP inhibited the phosphorylation of P50, P65, IκB, ERK, JNK and P38, and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that DNA binding activity of NF‐κB was suppressed, ultimately inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1). Besides, Co‐immunoprecipitation indicated that l‐THP blocked the interactions of RANK and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) at an upstream site. In vivo, l‐THP significantly inhibited ovariectomy‐induced bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in mice. Collectively, our study demonstrated that l‐THP suppressed osteoclastogenesis by blocking RANK‐TRAF6 interactions and inhibiting NF‐κB and MAPK pathways. l‐THP is a promising agent for treating osteoclastogenesis‐related diseases such as post‐menopausal osteoporosis.
Microbial contamination associated with the processing of grilled pork, a ready‐to‐eat street food in Benin
Authors: Anihouvi Dona G. H. , Kpoclou Yénoukounmè E. , Assogba Mahunan F. , Iko Afé Ogouyôm H. , Lègba Gertrude , Scippo Marie‐Louise , Hounhouigan Djidjoho J. , Anihouvi Victor B. , Mahillon Jacques 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the microbial contamination associated with the traditional processing of fresh pork into grilled pork in Benin. Sixty samples of meat, including fresh pork and processed pork were randomly collected from different processing/selling sites, and the main foodborne microorganisms were sought using standard methods. The Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria load in all samples ranged between 2.7 and 7.4 Log10 CFU g−1, with 16.7% of samples exceeding the acceptable limit of <7.0 Log10 CFU g−1 recommended by the Health Protection Agency for this criterion. Likewise, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens loads exceeded the acceptable limit in 20.8, 20.8, and 12.5% of the samples, respectively. None of the samples contained Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus or Listeria monocytogenes. Sources of contamination of grilled pork were identified and grouped into five types of causes related to processors, processing methods, equipment used, raw materials, and processing/selling environment. Similarly, a microbiological hazard analysis of grilled pork processing practices identified the sensitive steps where additional hygiene measures needed to be implemented.
Clinical utility of FibroScan as a non‐invasive diagnostic test for primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Joshita Satoru , Yamashita Yuki , Sugiura Ayumi , Uehara Takeshi , Usami Yoko , Yamazaki Tomoo , Fujimori Naoyuki , Matsumoto Akihiro , Tanaka Eiji , Umemura Takeji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, slowly progressive, autoimmune liver disease. Some PBC patients display disease progression regardless of medical treatment. Therefore, it is important to accurately diagnose the clinical stage of PBC. This study investigated clinical merits of vibration‐controlled transient elastography using FibroScan for assessing disease stage in PBC.MethodsA total of 74 treatment‐naïve PBC patients (84% female, median age: 64 years), 69 of whom having undergone histological assessment and five clinically diagnosed as at the cirrhosis stage, were enrolled for clinical comparisons of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) with other established indices.ResultsThe number of patients with Nakanuma stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 18, 33, 17, and 6, respectively. The median LSM values for Nakanuma stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 5.05, 5.90, 8.90, and 23.70 kPa, respectively, and correlated significantly with disease progression based on Nakanuma's classification (r = 0.501, P < 0.001). LSM was also significantly related to other non‐invasive serological markers (Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer: r = 0.606, FIB‐4 index: r = 0.493, and aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index: r = 0.577; all P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosing Nakanuma stage ≥ 2, stage ≥ 3, and stage 4 were 0.744, 0.763, and 0.907, respectively. A combination of LSM ≥ 7.0 kPa and Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer ≥ 1.00 cut‐off index could predict late‐stage PBC (i.e. moderate to advanced disease progression) with a sensitivity of 0.58, specificity of 0.82, and accuracy of 0.74.ConclusionsLiver stiffness measurement using FibroScan provided simple, accurate, and non‐invasive assessment of disease stage in PBC patients.
Greenhouse gas emissions of the production chain behind consumption of products in Austria: Development and application of a product‐ and technology‐specific approach
Authors: Windsperger Bernhard , Windsperger Andreas , Bird David Neil , Schwaiger Hannes , Jungmeier Gerfried , Nathani Carsten , Frischknecht Rolf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobalization has been one main driver affecting our whole economy. Thus, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) associated with imports and exports should get addressed in addition to the national emission inventory according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is focused on territorial emissions only. To enable a correct calculation for imports and exports and to find the most emission‐intensive products and their origin, a product‐ and technology‐specific approach would be favorable which has not been applied up to now. This article addresses this research gap in developing and applying such an approach to calculate the GHGs behind consumption of products in Austria. It is based on physical flows combined with life‐cycle‐based emission factors and emission intensities derived from sector‐ and country‐specific energy mix, for calculating all emissions behind the production chain (resources to final products) of products consumed in Austria. The results have shown that consumption of products in Austria leads to about 60% more emissions than those of the national inventory and that the main part of these emissions comes from the provision of products. The most emission‐intensive products are coming from the chemical and the metal industry. In particular, imports are the main driver of these emissions and are more emission intensive than those produced in Austria. As a result, it is necessary to look at practical measures to reduce emissions along the production chain not only in Austria, but especially abroad as well.
Characterisation of the developing heart in a pressure overloaded model utilising RNA sequencing to direct functional analysis
Authors: Parnall Matthew , Perdios Chrysostomos , Pang Kar Lai , Rochette Sophie , Loughna Siobhan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCardiogenesis is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors, with blood flow playing a critical role in cardiac remodelling. Perturbation of any of these factors could lead to abnormal heart development and hence the formation of congenital heart defects. Although abnormal blood flow has been associated with a number of heart defects, the effects of abnormal pressure load on the developing heart gene expression profile have to date not clearly been defined. To determine the heart transcriptional response to haemodynamic alteration during development, outflow tract (OFT) banding was employed in the chick embryo at Hamburger and Hamilton stage (HH) 21. Stereological and expression studies, including the use of global expression analysis by RNA sequencing with an optimised procedure for effective globin depletion, were subsequently performed on HH29 OFT‐banded hearts and compared with sham control hearts, with further targeted expression investigations at HH35. The OFT‐banded hearts were found to have an abnormal morphology with a rounded appearance and left‐sided dilation in comparison with controls. Internal analysis showed they typically had a ventricular septal defect and reductions in the myocardial wall and trabeculae, with an increase in the lumen on the left side of the heart. There was also a significant reduction in apoptosis. The differentially expressed genes were found to be predominately involved in contraction, metabolism, apoptosis and neural development, suggesting a cardioprotective mechanism had been induced. Therefore, altered haemodynamics during development leads to left‐sided dilation and differential expression of genes that may be associated with stress and maintaining cardiac output.
Bergstrom, Blume, and Varian: Voluntary contributions and neutrality
Authors: Faias Marta , Moreno‐García Emma , Myles Gareth D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBergstrom, Blume, and Varian provided a neutrality result for the private provision of public goods that has inspired a considerable literature. The result has significant implications for income redistribution and broader policy interventions. This paper reviews the basic result and its applications, and discusses extensions to general private provision economies.
Optimal interregional redistribution and local borrowing rules under migration and asymmetric information
Authors: Dai Darong , Liu Liqun , Tian Guoqiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAssuming two types of regions that differ only in the discount rate, Huber and Runkel show that optimal federal redistribution is from impatient to patient regions, and optimal local public debt is higher in impatient regions than that in patient regions. This paper extends their analysis by allowing for interregional migrations and by considering two alternative regional goals. When the regional governments maximize their respective residents’ welfare, considering the interregional migrations does not change Huber and Runkel's analysis. When the regional governments maximize their respective natives’ welfare, incorporating migrations would reverse Huber and Runkel's conclusions when migration intensity is sufficiently high and the regional difference is sufficiently large.
Long‐term peroral administration of bitter apricot seeds influences cortical bone microstructure of rabbits
Authors: Kovacova Veronika , Sarocka Anna , Blahova Jana , Sranko Patrik , Omelka Radoslav , Galbavy Drahomir , Kolesarova Adriana , Martiniakova Monika 
Published: November 2019

AbstractApricot seeds due to the presence of cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin belong to the popular “alternative cancer cures", although anticancer effect of amygdalin remains controversial. This in vivo study points to the effect of long‐term peroral administration of bitter apricot seeds on bone microstructure of rabbits since chronic amygdalin toxicity in relation to bone parameters has not been investigated yet. Rabbits (n = 16) were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 4 animals each. Three experimental groups S1, S2 and S3 received commercial feed for rabbits mixed with crushed bitter apricot seeds at doses 60, 300 and 420 mg/kg bw during five months, respectively. The control (C) group received no apricot seeds. The long‐term consumption of apricot seeds had no impact on total body weight, femoral weight and femoral length of rabbits. Also, microcomputed tomography (3D analysis) of cortical and trabecular bone tissues did not reveal any significant impact of amygdalin toxicity on relative bone volume, BMD, cortical bone thickness, bone surface, trabecular number, thickness, and their separation. On the other hand, histological (2D) analysis demonstrated evident changes in cortical bone microstructure consistent with a decreased density of secondary osteons in the middle part of substantia compacta due to a replacement of Haversian bone tissue by plexiform bone tissue, vasoconstriction in the primary osteons' vascular canals, Haversian canals, and decreased sizes of secondary osteons in rabbits from S1, S2 and S3 groups. These negative changes are associated with different vascularization and biomechanical properties of cortical bones.
The regulatory effect of genistein on P450 aromatase and follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor in mouse experimental model of menopausal metabolic syndrome
Authors: Chu Xiao‐Li , Zhang Tao , Kong Fan‐Xiu , Xiao Yu‐Yang , Chi Xiao‐Xing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to investigate the mechanism of genistein (Gen) in the treatment of climacteric syndrome, an in vivo study was performed to investigate the beneficial effects of genistein on the expression of P450 aromatase (P450 arom) and follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in the mouse ovary and uterus. Fifty female ICR mice (45 ± 5g, n = 50), aged 12 months, were divided into the following five groups with 10 animals in each: blank control group (CG), low‐dose genistein group (L‐Gen), middle‐dose genistein group (M‐Gen) and high‐dose genistein group (H‐Gen) (received 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg of genistein, respectively), and oestrogen group (EG; received 0.5 mg/kg diethylstilbestrol). The expression levels of the FSHR protein were determined by an immunohistochemical staining method. The expression of P450 arom, Cytochrome P450 19 (CYP19) and FSHR was quantified by real‐time PCR. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of the FSHR protein in the M‐Gen (average stained area: 20.79) and the H‐Gen (average stained area: 21.21) groups were significantly stronger than in the CG (average area was 17.24) group (p < .05). The expression levels of CYP19 mRNA and P450 arom were positively correlated with the dose of genistein. Specifically, the relative expression levels in the H‐Gen and EG groups were more than 1.5 times higher than in the CG group (p < .05). Genistein played a significant role in regulating aromatase and FSHR gene expression to improve perimenopausal ovarian and uterine function.
Influence of elevated protein and tannin‐rich peanut skin supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits and immune‐related gene expression of grazing meat goats
Authors: Ryel Min Byeng , McTear Kristie , Wang Hong Hae , Joakin Morris , Gurung Nar , Abrahamsen Frank , Solaiman Sandra , Sue Eun Jung , Hon Lee Jung , Dietz Lucas A. , Zeller Wayne E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to define whether elevated rumen‐undegradable protein (RUP) and tannin‐rich peanut skin (PS) supplementation would affect animal growth performance, average daily gain (ADG), blood metabolites, carcass traits associated with lipogenic and immune‐related gene expressions in meat goats grazing winter wheat (WW). Thirty‐six Kiko‐crossbreed male goats at approximately 6 months of age were blocked by body weight (BW; 25.6 ± 1.1 kg) and randomly assigned to one of the four treatments with two replicates based on a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diets contained PS replacing alfalfa meal (ALM), without or with RUP supplementation. Both PS and ALM were incorporated into grain mix portion of the diet and pelletized, with remaining diets fed ad libitum of WW forage for a period of 51 days. Lipogenic genes examined included SCD, ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4, while immune‐related genes examined included ACTB (as a control gene), H3F3A, PPIA, IRF3, STAT2, HERC3 and IFIT3 antibody genes. The meat goats on PS‐pellet‐supplemented group with or without RUP supplementation grew 38.5% faster ADG (p < .001) when compared to control‐supplemented group. When goats received PS diet, empty body weight, hot carcass, cold carcass, shoulder, hind shank, rack, loin and fat thickness were greater (p < .05) than control diet. Animals on PS‐pellet had higher ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4 gene expression (p < .05) when compared to ALM‐pellet control, with RUP by PS‐pellet interactions (p < .01). Goats receiving additional RUP supplementation had increased (p < .05) STAT2 gene expression, whereas goats receiving PS‐pellet supplementation showed increased STAT2 (p < .05) and a tendency to increase IRF3 (p = .07) gene expressions. In conclusion, the addition of PS‐pellet or RUP supplementation has the potential to improve ADG and altered selected lipogenic and immune‐related gene expressions.
Physical and viscoelastic properties of carrots during drying
Authors: Ozturk Oguz K. , Takhar Pawan S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is essential to understand the physical and mechanical properties of a product since these properties affect the structure, texture, and ultimately consumer acceptance. The effect of drying conditions on dynamic viscoelastic properties, stress relaxation function and creep compliance, and physical properties, such as moisture distribution, color parameters, and shrinkage, was studied. An increase in drying temperature and duration resulted in a decrease in moisture content and volume, which were highly correlated (R = .988). Water evaporation followed the falling rate period, demonstrating that the water transport was limited by internal resistances. The decomposition of carotenoids led to a decrease in magnitude of color parameters (L, a, and b), between 30.1% and 51.6% with 4 hr drying. It was observed that the material shrinkage and moisture content highly affected the mechanical properties; increased stress relaxation modulus and decreased creep compliance values of the sample. The creep behavior, expressed with Burger's model (R2 ≥ .986), was highly dependent on moisture content. The linear viscoelastic region of carrots was found to be at strains lower than 3%. The three‐element Maxwell model well fitted to describe the viscoelastic behavior of carrots (R2 ≥ .999, RMSE ≤ 2.08 × 10−4). The storage moduli (G′) were higher than loss moduli (G″), indicating that samples presented solid‐like behavior. The findings can be used to improve the textural attributes of carrots and carrot‐based products.
An in situ investigation on the origins and processing of circumstellar oxide and silicate grains in carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Zega Thomas J. , Haenecour Pierre , Floss Christine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report on the isotopic, chemical, and structural properties of four O‐rich presolar grains identified in situ in the Adelaide ungrouped C2, LaPaZ Icefield (LAP) 031117 CO3.0, and Dominion Range (DOM) 08006 CO3.0 chondrites. All four grains have oxygen‐isotopic compositions consistent with origins in the circumstellar envelopes (CSE) of low‐mass O‐rich stars evolved along the red‐giant and asymptotic‐giant branch (RGB, AGB, respectively) of stellar evolution. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses, enabled by focused‐ion‐beam scanning electron microscope extraction, show that the grain from Adelaide is a single‐crystal Mg‐Al spinel, and comparison with equilibrium thermodynamic predictions constrains its condensation to 1500 K assuming a total pressure ≤10−3 atm in its host CSE. In comparison, TEM analysis of two grains identified in the LAP 031117 chondrite exhibits different microstructures. Grain LAP‐81 is composed of olivine containing a Ca‐rich and a Ca‐poor domain, both of which show distinct orientations, suggesting changing thermodynamic conditions in the host CSE that cannot be precisely constrained. LAP‐104 contains a polycrystalline assemblage of ferromagnesian silicates similar to previous reports of nanocrystalline presolar Fe‐rich silicates that formed under nonequilibrium conditions. Lastly, TEM shows that the grain extracted from DOM 08006 is a polycrystalline assemblage of Cr‐bearing spinel. The grains occur in different orientations, likely reflecting mechanical assembly in their host CSE. The O‐isotopic and Cr‐rich compositions appear to point toward nonequilibrium condensation. The spinel is surrounded by an isotopically solar pyroxene lacking long‐range atomic order and could have served as a nucleation site for its condensation in the interstellar medium or the inner solar protoplanetary disk.