bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in southeast China: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Hua-Le , Zheng Liang-Hui , Cheng Li-Chun , Liu Zhao-Dong , Yu Lu , Han Qin , Miao Geng-Yun , Yan jianying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for effective prediction of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) and guide future clinical application. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from hospitalized pregnant women who underwent trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC), at the Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, between October 2015 and October 2017. Briefly, we included singleton pregnant women, at a gestational age above 37 weeks who underwent a primary cesarean section, in the study. We then extracted their sociodemographic data and clinical characteristics, and randomly divided the samples into training and validation sets. We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to select variables and construct VBAC success rate in the training set. Thereafter, we validated the nomogram using the concordance index (C-index), decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves. Finally, we adopted the Grobman’s model to perform comparisons with published VBAC prediction models. Results Among the 708 pregnant women included according to inclusion criteria, 586 (82.77%) patients were successfully for VBAC. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that maternal height (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.19), maternal BMI at delivery (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.00), fundal height (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.88), cervix Bishop score (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.49 to 4.45), maternal age at delivery (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.98), gestational age (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.62) and history of vaginal delivery (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.42 to 6.48) were independently associated with successful VBAC. The constructed predictive model showed better discrimination than that from the Grobman’s model in the validation series (c-index 0.906 VS 0.694, respectively). On the other hand, decision curve analysis revealed that the new model had better clinical net benefits than the Grobman’s model. Conclusions VBAC will aid in reducing the rate of cesarean sections in China. In clinical practice, the TOLAC prediction model will help improve VBAC’s success rate, owing to its contribution to reducing secondary cesarean section.
Characterization of poplar growth-regulating factors and analysis of their function in leaf size control
Authors: Wang Jinnan , Zhou Houjun , Zhao Yanqiu , Sun Pengbo , Tang Fang , Song Xueqin , Lu Mengzhu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that control organ size. Nineteen GRF genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and one was reported to control leaf size by regulating cell expansion. In this study, we further characterize the roles of the other poplar GRFs in leaf size control in a similar manner. Results: The 19 poplar GRF genes were clustered into six groups according to their phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis GRFs. Bioinformatic analysis, degradome, and transient transcription assays showed that 18 poplar GRFs were regulated by miR396, with GRF12b the only exception. The functions of PagGRF6b (Pag, Populus alba × P. glandulosa), PagGRF7a, PagGRF12a, and PagGRF12b, representing three different groups, were investigated. The results show that PagGRF6b may have no function on leaf size control, while PagGRF7a functions as a negative regulator of leaf size by regulating cell expansion. By contrast, PagGRF12a and PagGRF12b may function as positive regulators of leaf size control by regulating both cell proliferation and expansion, primarily cell proliferation. Conclusions: The diversity of poplar GRFs in leaf size control may facilitate the specific, coordinated regulation of poplar leaf development through fine adjustment of cell proliferation and expansion.
Clinical Educator Self-Efficacy, Self-Evaluation and Its Relationship With Student Evaluations of Clinical Teaching
Authors: Vaughan Brett 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background In a whole-of-system approach to evaluation of teaching across any degree, multiple sources of information can help develop an educators’ understanding of their teaching quality. In the health professions, student evaluations of clinical teaching are commonplace however, self-evaluation of teaching is less common, and exploration of clinical educators’ self-efficacy even less so. The aim of the study was to evaluate how a clinical educator’s self-evaluation of teaching intersects with their self-efficacy, to ascertain if that matches student evaluation of their teaching. This information may assist in facilitating targeted professional development to improve teaching quality. Methods Clinical educators in the osteopathy program at Victoria University (VU) were invited to complete: a) self-evaluation version of the Osteopathy Clinical Teaching Questionnaire (OCTQ); and b) the Self-Efficacy in Clinical Teaching (SECT) questionnaire. Students in the VU program completed the OCTQ for each of the clinical educators they worked with during semester 2, 2017. Results Completed OCTQ and SECT were received from 37 clinical educators. These were matched with 308 student evaluations (mean of 6 student ratings per educator). Three possible educator cohorts were identified: a) high clinical eductor self-OCTQ with low student evaluation; b) low clinical educator self-evaluation and high student evaluations; and, c) no difference between self- and student evaulations. Clinical educators in the first cohort demonstrated significantly higher SECT subscale scores (effect size >0.42) than their colleagues. Age, gender, teaching qualification, and years practicing or years as a clinical educator were not associated with clinical educator OCTQ scores or the SECT subscales. Conclusions Targeted professional development directed towards fostering self-efficacy may provide an avenue for engaging those clinical educators whose self-efficacy is low and/or those who did not receive high student evaluations. Given there is no gold standard measure of clinical teaching quality, educators should engage with multiple sources of feedback to benchmark their current performance level, and identify opportunities to improve. Student and self-evaluations using the OCTQ and evaluation of self-efficacy using the SECT, are useful tools for inclusion in a whole-of-system approach to evaluation of the clinical learning environment.
Overexpression of Slit2 decreases neuronal excitotoxicity, accelerates glymphatic clearance, and improves cognition in a multiple microinfarcts model
Authors: He Xiaofei , Li Ge , Li Lili , Li Mingyue , Liang Fengyin , Chen Xi , Hu Xiquan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background : Cerebral microinfarcts (MIs) lead to progressive cognitive impairment in elderly, but the mechanism has kept unknown. Dysfunction of GABAergic transmission induces excitotoxicity, which contributes to stroke pathology, but the mechanism has kept unknown. The secreted leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein slit homologue 2 (Slit 2) upregulates GABAergic activity and protects against global cerebral ischemia, but the neuroprotective efficacy of Slit 2 against MI has not been examined. Methods : Middle-aged Wild type and Slit 2-Tg mice were divided into sham and MIs groups. MIs in parietal cortex of was induced by laser-evoked arteriole occlusion. Spatial memory was examined by Morris water maze, neuronal activity and glymphatic clearance in peri-infarct areas were monitored by two-photon imaging. GABAergic transimission and neuroinflammation were detected by immunofluorescent staining or western blotting. Results : MIs increased the intracellular Ca 2+ amplitude and frequency, decreased the neuron survival and neuronal connectivity of parietal cortex, decreased the GABAergic transmission, induced the neuroinflammation, impaired the glymphatic clearance and cognition in middle-aged mice. Slit 2 overexpression attenuated dysfunctional neuronal Ca 2+ signaling, protected against the neuronal death in the peri-infarct area as well as loss of parietal cortex connectivity, increased the GABAergic transmission and attenuated the neuroinflammation, improved glymphatic clearance and eventually improved spatial learning and memory. Conclusion: Our results strongly supported overexpression of Slit 2 protected against the dysfunction in MIs, which is a potential therapeutic target for cognition impaiment in the elderly.
Relationship between bloodinterstitial glucose variability in ambulatory glucose profile and standardized continuous glucose monitoring metrics; A pilot study
Authors: Tokutsu Akemi , Okada Yosuke , Torimoto Keiichi , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Treatment indexes using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have become standardized internationally, and the use of ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) is currently recommended. However, the relationship between AGP indexes and standardized CGM metrics has not been investigated. Using flash glucose monitoring (FGM), this retrospective study served to evaluate the association of the inter-quartile range (IQR) of AGP with standardized CGM metrics.

Methods

The study subjects were 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 23 non-diabetic patients (control group). We evaluated average IQR (AIQR) and standardized CGM metrics. The primary endpoint was the relationship between AIQR and Time in range (TIR) in a 24-hour period.

Results

In the T2DM group, the AIQR was notably high and correlated negatively with TIR, and positively with Time above range, average interstitial glucose level, standard deviation of interstitial glucose , coefficient of variation of interstitial glucose , and mean of daily difference in blood glucose (MODD) . For the T2DM group, the AIQR was notably lower in patients who achieved TIR>70%, compared to those who did not. The AIQR cutoff value, as determined by ROC analysis, was 28.3 mg/dL for those who achieved TIR>70%. No association was detected between the presence of hypoglycemia and AIQR.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to provide the AIQR cutoff value for achieving the TIR target value. The range of interstitial glucose variability in AGP was associated with indexes of intra- and interday variations and hyperglycemia. Our results provide new perspectives in the yet-to-be established methods for evaluation of AGP in practical clinical settings.
Long-term observation and sequencing analysis of SKPs-derived corneal endothelial cell-like cells for treating corneal endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Shen Lin , Sun Peng , Du Liqun , Zhu Jing , Ju Chengqun , Guo Hui , Pang Kunpeng , Wu Xinyi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Corneal endothelial dysfunction is a principal cause of visual deficiency. Corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for corneal endothelial dysfunction. However, a severe shortage of available donor corneas or human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) remains a global challenge. Previously, we acquired corneal endothelial cell-like cells (CEC-like cells) derived from human skin-derived precursors (SKPs). CEC-like cells were injected into rabbit and monkey corneal endothelial dysfunction models and exerted excellent therapeutic effect. Method We prolonged the clinical observation in the monkey experiment for 2 years. PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out to confirm the existence of CEC-like cells. Histological examinations were carried out to show the corneal morphology. Further transcriptome sequencing was also carried out on HCEC, CEC-like cells before transplantation and after transplantation. Results The monkeys cornea remained transparent and normal thickness. The total endothelial cell density decreased gradually, but tended to be stable and remained in a normal range during 2-year observation. The CEC-like cells persist during observation and could adapt to the microenvironment after transplantation. The gene expression pattern of CEC-like cells was similar to HCEC and changed slightly after transplantation. Conclusions CEC-like cells could adapt to the microenvironment and had a good therapeutic effect after being transplanted into the monkey endothelial dysfunction model during long-term observation. This study provided a promising prospect of cell-based therapy for corneal endothelial dysfunction and may be clinically applied in regenerative medicine in the future.
Factors associated with conducting planning for secondary oral health care services in Brazil
Authors: de Lucena Edson Hilan Gomes , Silva Rênnis Oliveira da , de Lucena Carolina Dantas Rocha Xavier , Mepatia Amalia Issufo , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley , de Goes Paulo Savio Angeiras , de Sousa Maria Fátima 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Planning in health services specifically aims to improve the health status of a given population, guaranteeing access with equity and justice, as well as streamlining the response of the health system to the needs perceived by the community. This research aims to identify the factors associated with planning Specialized Dental Clinics (SDCs).Methods: Secondary data were used from the external evaluation of the database of the first National Program for Access and Quality Improvement of SDCs (NPAQI–SDCs) and the informed Outpatient Information System of the Unified Health System (OIS/UHS), which contains data on the specialized dental procedures performed at SDCs. It consisted of a quantitative study in which Pearson chi-square statistical tests (p ˂ 0.05) and a multivariate logistic regression were applied with odds ratio (OR) estimate. Results: The results indicated that the realization of planning in SDCs was associated with lower coverage of the Oral Health Team of the Familiy Health Strategy in a municipality (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.9, p = 0.049), additional training for managers (p = 0.038), the practice of self-assessment (OR = 8.2; 95% CI: 5.8-11.6; p = 0.000) and meeting service production targets (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-3.2; p = 0.011). Conclusion: The results indicate that the work processes of the SDCs, especially with regard to service management, are essential to the proper functioning of the service and the practice of planning is linked to the technical capacity and commitment of service managers.
Lightweight soft neuroprosthetic hand
Authors: Gu Guoying , Zhang Ningbin , Xu Haipeng , Lin Shaoting , Yu Yang , Chai Guohong , Ge Lisen , Yang Houle , Shao Qiwen , Sheng Xinjun , Zhu Xiangyang , Zhao Xuanhe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mainly composed of electrical motors and sophisticated mechanical components, existing neuroprosthetic hands1,2 are typically heavy (>400 g) and expensive (>USD 10,000), and they lack the compliance and tactile feedback of human hands. These limitations hamper neuroprosthetic hands’ innovation and broad utility for amputees3-5. Here we report the design, fabrication and applications of a lightweight (292 g) and potentially low-cost (component cost below USD 500) soft neuroprosthetic hand with simultaneous myoelectric control and tactile feedback. The soft neuroprosthetic hand consists of five soft fingers and a palm to give six active degrees of freedom under pneumatic actuation, four electromyography sensors that measure the surface electromyogram signals to control the hand to deliver four common grasp types, and five hydrogel-elastomer capacitive sensors on the fingertips that measure the touch pressure and elicit electrical stimulation on the skin of the residual limb. The soft finger is made of a fiber-reinforced elastomeric structure embedded with rigid segments to mimic the soft-joint/rigid-bone anatomy of the human finger. We use a set of standardized tests6 to compare the speed and dexterity of the soft neuroprosthetic hand and a conventional rigid neuroprosthetic hand7 on two transradial amputees. The soft neuroprosthetic hand gives overall superior performances to the rigid hand. We further demonstrate that one transradial amputee wearing the soft neuroprosthetic hand can regain the versatile hand functions with primitive touch sensation and real-time closed-loop control in daily activities such as handling tools, eating, shaking hands, petting animals, and recognizing touch pressure. This work not only represents a new paradigm for designing soft neuroprosthetic devices but also opens an avenue to widespread applications of lightweight, low-cost, and compliant hand replacements for amputees.
Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Genes Involved in the Somatic Embryogenesis of Eucalyptus
Authors: Xiao Yufei , Li Junji , Zhang Ye , Zhang Xiaoning , Liu Hailong , Qin Zihai , Chen Bowen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Eucalyptus, a highly diverse genus of the Myrtaceae family, is the most widely planted hardwood due to its increasing importance for fiber and energy in the word. Somatic embryogenesis is one method to provide large-scale commercial use for the vegetative propagation of Eucalyptus and dedifferentiation is a key step for plant cells to become meristematic. However, little is known about the molecular changes during the SE of Eucalyptus on transcriptional level.Results: We compared the transcriptome profiles of the differentiated and dedifferentiated tissues of two Eucalyptus cultivars – E. camaldulensis (high embryogenetic potential) and E. grandis x urophylla (low embryogenetic potential). In total, we identified 18,777 to 20,240 genes in all samples. Compared to the differentiated tissues, we identified 9,229 and 8,989 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the dedifferentiated tissues of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis x urophylla, respectively. Comparison of DEGs showed that they shared 2,687 up-regulated and 2,581 down-regulated genes. Next, we found 2,003 up-regulated and 1,958 down-regulated genes specifically identified in E. camaldulensis, including 6 somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase, 17 ethylene, 12 auxin, 83 ribosomal protein, 28 zinc finger protein, 10 heat shock protein, 9 histone and 98 transcription factor genes. Genes from other families like ABA, arabinogalactan protein and late embryogenesis abundant protein were also found to be specifically dysregulated in E. camaldulensis. Further, we identified 48,447 variants (SNPs and small indels) specific to E. camaldulensis, including 13,434 exonic variants from 4,723 genes (e.g., annexin, GN, ARF and AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor). qRT-PCR was used to confirm the gene expression patterns in both E. camaldulensis and E. grandis x urophylla. Conclusions: This is the first time to study the somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus using transcriptome sequencing. Our results will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis and dedifferentiation in Eucalyptus. Our results provide a valuable resource for future studies in the field of Eucalyptus and will benefit the Eucalyptus breeding program.
Deletion of Socs3 in LysM+ Cells and Cx3cr1 Resulted in Age-dependent Development of Retinal Microgliopathy
Authors: Du Xuan , Penalva Rosana , Little Karis , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Chen Mei , Xu Heping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWe generated a mouse model of primary microglial dysfunction by deleting two negative immune regulatory genes, Cx3cr1 and Socs3 (in LysM+ cells). This study aimed to understand how primary microglial dysfunction impacts retinal neurons during aging.MethodsThe LysMCre-Socs3fl/flCx3cr1gfp/gfp double knockout (DKO), LysMCre-Socs3fl/fl, Cx3cr1gfp/gfp and Socs3fl/fl mice were maintained up to 12 months. Eyes were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry of IBA-1, cone arrestin, secretagogin, PKCα and GABA. Brain microglia from DKO and WT mice were stimulated with LPS + IFNγ or IL4. The expression of TNFα, IL1β, IL6, iNOS, IL12p40, IL23p19, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL2, IL10, CD206 and Arg1 were examined by real-time RT-PCR and protein production was measured by Luminex assay. Retinal explants from C57BL/6J mice were co-cultured with microglia from DKO or WT mice for 24 h, after which the number of cone arrestin+ cells in retinal flatmount were quantified.ResultsIn 3–5 month old mice, the number of microglia in retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) were comparable in all strains. The DKO mice had a significantly higher number of microglia in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) but significantly lower numbers of cone arrestin+, secretagogin+ and GABA+ cells compared to Socs3fl/fl and single KO mice. During aging, 57% of the DKO mice died before 12 months old. The 10–12 months old DKO mice had significantly highers number of microglia in GCL/IPL and OPL than age-matched Socs3fl/fl and single KO mice. The aged DKO mice developed retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) dysmorphology accompanied by subretinal microglial accumulation. The number of photoreceptors, bipolar cells (Secretagogin+ or PKCα+) and GABA+ amacrine cells was significantly lower in aged DKO mice compared to age-matched Socs3fl/fl and single KO mice. Microglia from DKO mice showed significantly higher levels of phagocytic activity and produced higher levels of TNFα, IL6, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL2 and CXCL10 compared to microglia from Socs3fl/fl mice. Co-culture of retinal explants with DKO microglia (pre-treated with LPS + IFNγ or IL4) significantly reduced cone photoreceptor survival.ConclusionsThe LysMCre-Socs3fl/flCx3cr1gfp/gfp DKO mice displayed primary microglial dysfunction and developed age-related retinal microgliopathy characterized by aggragated microglial activation and multiple retinal neuronal and RPE degeneration.Trial registration: Not applicable. The article does not contain any results from human participants.
LY3214996 relieves acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Ma Yongfang , Xu Ruyue , Liu Xueke , Zhang Yinci , Song Li , Qiu XinYing , Cai Shuyu , Zhou Shuping , Xie Yinghai , Li Amin , Cao Weiya , Tang Xiaolong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to the reactivation of ERK signaling in sorafenib-resisitant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, in this study, the anti-cancer effect of LY3214996 (selective ERK1/2 inhibitor) combined with sorafenib on HCC cells was evaluated. Methods: Phosphorylation of the key kinases in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways were detected using Western blot. Cells proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated in Huh7 and Huh7 R cells. Results: LY3214996 significantly reduced phosphorylation levels of the tested kinases of Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways including p-c-Raf, p-P90RSK, p-S6K and p-eIF4EBP1 activated by sorafenib, despite increased p-ERK1/2 levels. It was found that LY3214996 enhanced the anti-proliferation, anti-migration, blocking cell cycle progression and pro-apoptotic effects of sorafenib on Huh7 R cells. Conclusions: The reactivation of ERK1/2 might be highly related to molecular mechanism of acquired drug resistance. LY3214996 combined with sorafenib enhanced anti-tumor effects in HCC. Consequently, combined treatment of LY3214996 and sorafenib provides a second-line therapy for acquired resistant in advanced HCC.