bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture Fixation Strategy and Specific Muscle Tissue Availability of Neutrophilic Granulocytes Following Mono- and Polytrauma: Intramedullary Nailing Vs. External Fixation of Femoral Fractures
Authors: Greven Johannes , Horst Klemens , Qiao Zhi , Bläsius Felix Marius , Mert Ümit , Teuben Michel Paul Johan , Becker Nils Hendrik , Pfeifer Roman , Pape Hans-Christoph , Hildebrand Frank 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In the stabilization of femoral fractures in mono- and polytrauma, clinical practice has shown better care through intramedullary nailing. However, the reason why this is the case is not fully understood. In addition to concomitant injuries, the immunological aspect is increasingly coming to the fore. Neutrophil granulocytes (PMNL), in particular, seem to be associated with the fracture healing processes and are of great interest in various studies. For this reason, the early phase after fracture (up to 72 h after trauma) near the fracture zone in muscle tissue was investigated in a pig model.Material and Methods: A mono- and polytrauma pig model (sole femur fracture or blunt thoracic trauma, hemorrhagic shock, liver laceration, and femur fracture) was used to demonstrate the immunological situation through muscle biopsies and their analysis by histology and qRT-PCR during a 72 h follow up phase. Two stabilization methods were used (intramedullary nail vs. external fixator) and the two trauma groups were compared to a sham group that was not traumatized.Results: The fracture itself had a significant influence on pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, as cytokine levels were significantly higher on the traumatized side (T-side) than on the non-injured side (AT-side) (IL-6: 2 h p = 0.041, 24 h p = 0.0017; IL-8: 2 h p = 0.002, 24 h p = 0.029 and 48 h p = 0.008) in monotrauma. The severity of the overall trauma (mono- vs. polytrauma) also significantly increased local cytokine concentrations for monotrauma vs. polytrauma (at 2 h and 48 h, p = 0.003; p = 0.032). The immigration of neutrophil granulocytes into the muscle was also higher for monotrauma (mono- vs. polytrauma 15.52 ± 5.39 vs. 8.23 ± 3.36 [neutrophil/visual field]; p = 0.013).Conclusion: The reduction of PMNL infiltration into the nearby muscle tissue of a monotrauma femur fracture stabilized by intramedullary nailing supports the advantages found in everyday clinical practice and therefore underlines the usage of nailing. For the polytrauma situation, the fixation seems to play a minor role, possibly due to a generalized immune reaction.
Revealing Brain Tumor Using Cross-Validated NGBoost Classifier
Authors: Dutta Shawni , Bandyopadhyay Prof. Samir Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Brain is the most complicated and delicate anatomical structure in human body. Statistics proves that, among various brain ailments, brain tumor is most fatal and in many cases they become carcinogenic. Brain tumor is characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth of brain cells, and takes up space within the cranial cavity and varies in shape, size, position and characteristics viz., can be benign or malignant, which makes the detection of brain tumor very critical and challenging. The vital information a neurologist or neurosurgeon needs to have is the precise size and location of tumor in the brain and whether it is causing any swelling or compression of the brain that may need urgent attention. This paper exploits ensemble strategy based Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for reveling brain tumors. NGBoost algorithm along with 5-fold stratified cross-validation scheme is proposed as classifier model that automatically detects patients with brain tumors. The proposed method is implemented with necessary fine-tuning of parameters which is compared against ensemble based baseline classifiers such as AdaBoost, Gradient Boost, Random Forest and Extra Trees Classifier. Experimental study implies that proposed method outperforms baseline models with significantly improved efficiency. The interfering features those have impact on brain tumor classification are ranked and this ranking is retrieved from the best classifier model.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 among a sample of Italian individuals with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Nisticò Veronica , Gambini Orsola , Faggioli Raffaella , Demartini Benedetta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression and symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across a sample of 45 adult subjects with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HF-ASD) during the first two months of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, with respect to a sample of 45 healthy controls (HC). We also explored some specific aspects of their psychological well-being through an ad-hoc questionnaire. Our results showed subjects with HF-ASD to have higher rates of depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD related symptoms than HC during the first two months of COVID-19 pandemic. However, subjects with HF-ASD, with respect to HC, reported to feel subjectively more comfortable and less tired during the lockdown than before.
Unilateral tongue mass after iatrogenic lingual nerve injury: A case report
Authors: Yang Hyung Chae , Song Min-Keun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: This is the first report of hemangioma as a long-term complication of iatrogenic lingual nerve injury during submandibular gland extirpation.

Case presentation: A 69-year-old woman presented with a tongue mass, which had grown slowly over 20 years. Submandibular gland (SMG) extirpation performed 40 years prior. MRI and CT revealed evidence of SMG extirpation. In addition, MRI and CT also revealed several enhancing lesions (hemangiomas) in the right sublingual space, as well as in the right anterior part of the tongue. An electrodiagnostic study showed right-sided lingual neuropathy. Psychosensory taste test showed taste disturbance in the affected side tongue.

Conclusions: It should be considered to the lingual nerve preservation during the sublingual gland extirpation. It might cause the secondary traumatic pathology.
Estudio de caso sobre prácticas inclusivas y democráticas en educación secundaria obligatoria: implicaciones para la orientación educativa
Authors: Sanahuja Ribés Aida 
Published: July 2020

Este artículo se centra en comprender cómo se pueden articular prácticas más inclusivas y democráticas a través del estudio de un aula de 1º de educación secundaria obligatoria y extraer sus implicaciones para el asesoramiento y la orientación educativa desde una perspectiva inclusiva. El diseño metodológico de este trabajo se encuadra en la investigación cualitativa, específicamente se aborda a través de un estudio de caso. Los métodos de recogida de datos utilizados han sido: la observación científica, la entrevista, un inventario de prácticas de aula y el análisis documental. El análisis de contenido de los datos se ha efectuado mediante el ATLAS.ti. En los resultados se recogen los elementos a tener en cuenta para llevar a cabo el asesoramiento y la orientación al profesorado en sus prácticas didácticas. A modo de conclusión, se puede decir que los orientadores educativos son una pieza clave a la hora de impulsar la mejora educativa.
COVID-19: urgent actions, critical reflections and future relevance of ‘WaSH’: lessons for the current and future pandemics
Authors: Howard Guy , Bartram Jamie , Brocklehurst Clarissa , Colford John M. , Costa Federico , Cunliffe David , Dreibelbis Robert , Eisenberg Joseph Neil Spindel , Evans Barbara , Girones Rosina , Hrudey Steve , Willetts Juliet , Wright Caradee Y. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic placed hygiene at the centre of disease prevention. Yet, access to the levels of water supply that support good hand hygiene and institutional cleaning, our understanding of hygiene behaviours, and access to soap are deficient in low-, middle- and high-income countries. This paper reviews the role of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) in disease emergence, previous outbreaks, combatting COVID-19 and in preparing for future pandemics. We consider settings where these factors are particularly important and identify key preventive contributions to disease control and gaps in the evidence base. Urgent substantial action is required to remedy deficiencies in WaSH, particularly the provision of reliable, continuous piped water on-premises for all households and settings. Hygiene promotion programmes, underpinned by behavioural science, must be adapted to high-risk populations (such as the elderly and marginalised) and settings (such as healthcare facilities, transport hubs and workplaces). WaSH must be better integrated into preparation plans and with other sectors in prevention efforts. More finance and better use of financing instruments would extend and improve WaSH services. The lessons outlined justify no-regrets investment by government in response to and recovery from the current pandemic; to improve day-to-day lives and as preparedness for future pandemics.
Evaluating the use and intent of drinking water advisories in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Lane Kaycie , Gagnon Graham 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Drinking water advisories (DWAs) are used as a tool for identifying water safety concerns in many jurisdictions. Evidence from previous research demonstrates a lack of improvement in water system operations over time, with an increase in the total number of DWAs in place. DWAs are predominantly issued due to operational concerns within a water system, implying a lack of proactive management measures for preventable issues. Therefore, DWAs represent a chronic issue for many water systems, particularly those lacking resources to implement operational improvements. This study explores DWA characteristics in Atlantic Canada, including frequency and duration, focusing on municipal and private water systems. Seasonality was identified as a trend in DWA issuance in Nova Scotia, and reasons for DWA issuance are largely unchanged over time. Neither of these identified concerns has led to a change in DWA reporting or issuance procedures. Additionally, this study identifies a lack of a common reporting format, leading to the proposal of a template of minimum characteristics for future DWA reporting. Overall, this study highlights deficiencies in the DWA issuance process as a water safety measure and suggests alternative methods for risk management in water systems to alleviate the persistence and prevalence of DWAs in Canada.
A multi-objective optimization model for operation of intermittent water distribution networks
Authors: Solgi Mohammad , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Loáiciga Hugo A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Intermittent operation of water distribution networks (WDNs) is an undesirable yet inevitable strategy under some circumstances such as droughts, development, electricity blackouts, and water pollution, mostly in developing countries. Intermittent utilization of WDNs poses several disadvantages encompassing water quality degradation, deterioration of the water-distribution system, and extra operational and maintenance costs due to frequently interrupted supply, unfair water distribution among consumers, and reduction of system serviceability. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model to address the negative consequences of intermittent water shortages. The model is intended to maximize the quantitative and qualitative reliability and the fairness in water supply, and to minimize the frequency of supply interruption. The developed model also considers pragmatic limitations, water quality, water pressure, and supply reservoir's constraints to plan the operation of intermittent water distribution systems under water shortage. The model's efficiency is tested with a WDN in Iran and compared with a standard operation policy (SOP) for water distribution. According to the evaluated efficiency criteria concerning reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability of water quality and quantity of water supply, the developed model is superior to the SOP rule and improves the performance of the network under intermittent operation. In addition, the results demonstrate there is a tradeoff between the uniformity of water distribution and the frequency of supply interruption that shows operators’ and customers’ conflicting priorities.
Comparative Analysis of a Deep Learning Approach with Various
Classification Techniques for Credit Score Computation
Authors: Pandey Arvind , Shukla Shipra , Mohbey Krishna Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Large financial companies are perpetually creating and updating customer scoring techniques.
From a risk management view, this research for the predictive accuracy of probability is of vital importance than the traditional binary result of classification, i.e., non-credible and credible customers. The customer's default payment in Taiwan is
explored for the case study.

Objective:
The aim is to audit the comparison between the predictive accuracy of the probability of default with various
techniques of statistics and machine learning.

Method:
In this paper, nine predictive models are compared from which the results of the six models are taken into consideration. Deep learning-based H2O, XGBoost, logistic regression, gradient boosting, naïve Bayes, logit model, and probit
regression comparative analysis is performed. The software tools such as R and SAS (university edition) is employed for
machine learning and statistical model evaluation.

Results:
Through the experimental study, we demonstrate that XGBoost performs better than other AI and ML algorithms.

Conclusion:
Machine learning approach such as XGBoost effectively used for credit scoring, among other data mining and
statistical approaches.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Munadi Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembuatan kebijakan publik bidang pendidikan di Kota Surakarta selama kurun 2005-2006. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah anggota Komisi IV DPRD Kota Surakarta, Dewan Pendidikan Kota Surakarta, dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM). Informan adalah Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda dan Olahraga Kota Surakarta, Badan Perencanaan Daerah (BAPEDA), organisasi profesi guru, media massa, dan lembaga pendidikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pemerikasaan keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi metode dan sumber. Analisis data dilakukan secara interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam membuat kebijakan publik bidang pendidikan masih berdasarkan pada aturan dan bottom up. Partisipasi diawali dengan public hearing, pengisian angket, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan ditutup dengan public hearing. Masyarakat yang terlibat adalah guru dan kepala sekolah, siswa sekolah menengah, LSM, Dewan Pendidikan Kota Surakarta, Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia (PGRI) Kota Solo, kelompok pinggiran di Surakarta, Pemerintah Kota Surakarta, dan akademisi perguruan tinggi. Kata kunci: partisipasi masyarakat, kebijakan publik bidang pendidikan
MODEL EVALUASI KINERJA TAMATAN PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN BALAI DIKLAT PERTANIAN DIY
Authors: Suwardie Suwardie 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk 1) menguji model evaluasi kinerja tamatan pelatihan, 2) mengevaluasi dampak pelatihan terhadap jenis pekerjaan dan kinerja usaha, 3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja usaha. Penelitian evaluatif ini menggunakan model Kirkpatrick. Populasi tamatan diklat 391 orang menggunakan tabel Issac & Michael, ukuran sampel penelitian sebanyak 242 responden. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling, dengan pendekatan restropective. Model diuji dengan data primer, dikumpulkan melalui angket berbentuk semantic differential, dan dianalisis dengan Structural Equation Modeling. Hasil penelitian: 1) model yang terdiri atas faktor individual dan faktor environment, terbukti sebagai model yang sesuai, cocok untuk mengevaluasi kinerja usaha, 2) dampak pelatihan menunjukkan setelah pelatihan pekerjaan pada tanaman pangan menurun, sebaliknya pekerjaan pengolahan hasil pertanian, jasa perdagangan dan nonpertanian meningkat, dampak perspektif psikososial menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan usaha mempunyai bobot yang paling kuat, diikuti penerimaan, tingkat keuntungan, kemandirian usaha, dan kegiatan membelajarkan orang lain, 3) kemampuan dan motivasi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja usaha. Kata kunci: wirausaha, lingkungan dan kinerja usaha
In-Home Rehabilitation Using a Smartphone App Coupled With 3D Printed Functional Objects: Single-Subject Design Study
Authors: Langan Jeanne , Bhattacharjya Sutanuka , Subryan Heamchand , Xu Wenyao , Chen Baicheng , Li Zhengxiong , Cavuoto Lora 
Published: July 2020

Background
Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability. While there is potential for improvements long after stroke onset, there is little to support functional recovery across the lifespan. mHealth solutions can help fill this gap. mRehab was designed to guide individuals with stroke through a home program and provide performance feedback.

Objective
To examine if individuals with chronic stroke can use mRehab at home to improve upper limb mobility. The secondary objective was to examine if changes in limb mobility transferred to standardized clinical assessments.

Methods
mRehab consists of a smartphone coupled with 3D printed household items: mug, bowl, key, and doorknob. The smartphone custom app guides task-oriented activities and measures both time to complete an activity and quality of movement (smoothness/accuracy). It also provides performance-based feedback to aid the user in self-monitoring their performance. Task-oriented activities were categorized as (1) object transportation, (2) prehensile grip with supination/pronation, (3) fractionated finger movement, and (4) walking with object. A total of 18 individuals with stroke enrolled in the single-subject experimental design study consisting of pretesting, a 6-week mRehab home program, and posttesting. Pre- and posttesting included both in-laboratory clinical assessments and in-home mRehab recorded samples of task performance. During the home program, mRehab recorded performance data. A System Usability Scale assessed user’s perception of mRehab.

Results
A total of 16 participants completed the study and their data are presented in the results. The average days of exercise for each mRehab activity ranged from 15.93 to 21.19 days. This level of adherence was sufficient for improvements in time (t15=2.555, P=.02) and smoothness (t15=3.483, P=.003) in object transportation. Clinical assessments indicated improvements in functional performance (t15=2.675, P=.02) and hand dexterity (t15=2.629, P=.02). Participant’s perception of mRehab was positive.

Conclusions
Despite heterogeneity in participants’ use of mRehab, there were improvements in upper limb mobility. Smartphone-based portable technology can support home rehabilitation programs in chronic conditions such as stroke. The ability to record performance data from home rehabilitation offers new insights into the impact of home programs on outcomes.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04363944; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04363944
Assessing the Food and Drug Administration’s Risk-Based Framework for Software Precertification With Top Health Apps in the United States: Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Alon Noy , Stern Ariel Dora , Torous John 
Published: July 2020

Background
As the development of mobile health apps continues to accelerate, the need to implement a framework that can standardize the categorization of these apps to allow for efficient yet robust regulation is growing. However, regulators and researchers are faced with numerous challenges, as apps have a wide variety of features, constant updates, and fluid use cases for consumers. As past regulatory efforts have failed to match the rapid innovation of these apps, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed that the Software Precertification (Pre-Cert) Program and a new risk-based framework could be the solution.

Objective
This study aims to determine whether the risk-based framework proposed by the FDA’s Pre-Cert Program could standardize categorization of top health apps in the United States.

Methods
In this quality improvement study during summer 2019, the top 10 apps for 6 disease conditions (addiction, anxiety, depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, and schizophrenia) in Apple iTunes and Android Google Play Store in the United States were classified using the FDA’s risk-based framework. Data on the presence of well-defined app features, user engagement methods, popularity metrics, medical claims, and scientific backing were collected.

Results
The FDA’s risk-based framework classifies an app’s risk by the disease condition it targets and what information that app provides. Of the 120 apps tested, 95 apps were categorized as targeting a nonserious health condition, whereas only 7 were categorized as targeting a serious condition and 18 were categorized as targeting a critical condition. As the majority of apps targeted a nonserious condition, their risk categorization was largely determined by the information they provided. The apps that were assessed as not requiring FDA review were more likely to be associated with the integration of external devices than those assessed as requiring FDA review (15/58, 26% vs 5/62, 8%; P=.03) and health information collection (24/58, 41% vs 9/62, 15%; P=.008). Apps exempt from the review were less likely to offer health information (25/58, 43% vs 45/62, 72%; P<.001), to connect users with professional care (7/58, 12% vs 14/62, 23%; P=.04), and to include an intervention (8/58, 14% vs 35/62, 55%; P<.001).

Conclusions
The FDA’s risk-based framework has the potential to improve the efficiency of the regulatory review process for health apps. However, we were unable to identify a standard measure that differentiated apps requiring regulatory review from those that would not. Apps exempt from the review also carried concerns regarding privacy and data security. Before the framework is used to assess the need for a formal review of digital health tools, further research and regulatory guidance are needed to ensure that the Pre-Cert Program operates in the greatest interest of public health.