bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids Containing Alternative Osmotic Agents with Cells Present in the Peritoneal Cavity
Authors: De Fijter Carola W.H. , Oe P. Liem , Donker Ab J.M. , Verhoef Jan , Verbrugh Henri A. 
Published: February 2020

The success of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) lies in preserving the peritoneum as a dialyzing membrane. Repeated infusions of nonphysiological fluids are potentially detrimental to the peritoneal membrane and its host defense. The disadvantages of the currently used peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDPs) containing glucose as an osmotic agent (short ultrafiltration profile, systemic carbohydrate load, nonphysiological composition) have stimulated the search for alternative, less toxic osmotic agents devoid of metabolic side effects and capable of sustaining ultrafiltration. PDFs containing glycerol, amino acids, or glucose polymers have had clinical usage in CAPD patients and were reviewed with regard to their compatibility with cells present in the peritoneal cavity. Overall, glycerol appears to have no advantage over glucose-based PDFs, although it is less inhibitory for mesothelial cell proliferationin vitro. The optimum formulation of amino acid-based PDFs has not yet been established; its lactate and specific amino acid content may limit their biocompatibility. The virtually iso-osmolar glucose polymer (icodextrin)-containing PDFs were associated with improved biocompatibility compared to glucose monomer-based solutions. Modifications of PDFs towards a more balanced salt solution with a neutral pH may further increase their compatibility with peritoneal host defense as well as with the integrity of the mesothelial membrane. Such improvement in PDF biocompatibility may result in clinical benefit, that is, enhanced resistance to infection and preservation of peritoneal ultrafiltration capacity.
Clinical Studies of New Icodextrin Formulations
Authors: Mistry Chandra D. , Bhowmick B. , Ashman Ruth , Uttley L. 
Published: February 2020

The osmotic effectiveness of icodextrin as a “colloid” osmotic agent has been well established and shown to be particularly well suited for long dwell exchanges (8 12 hours). More recently, its advanced application generated the first in vivo demonstration of sustained ultrafiltration with hypo-osmolar dialysis solution (i.e., against the osmolality gradient). This led to the “novel” concept of an iso-osmolar combination of “crystalloid” and “colloid” osmotic agents to achieve a range of ultrafiltration optimized for dwell time. In accordance with our objective of developing physiological solutions for all continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) exchanges, we tested this hypothesis by comparing an iso-osmolar combination of 2.0% -2.5% of dextrin 20 (Mw 20000 dalton; Mn 5800 dalton) and 0.68% glucose with 1.36% glucose solution in 11 CAPD patients over a 6-hour dwell. An iso-osmolar icodextrin mixture produced ultrafiltration of similar magnitude to that of a 1.36% glucose solution with less than half the calorie load. This solution, therefore, has the potential to replace all the currently used hyperosmolar exchanges with physiological solutions containing half the daily calorie load without exceeding the current safe level of maltose accumulation. This also offers a unique potential for a combination of unrelated but compatible agents, each with its own metabolic advantages, which would offer a wider spectrum of metabolic advantages than a single agent alone.
Transformed Mesothelial Cells in Patients on CAPD for Medium to Long Term Periods
Authors: Selgas Rafael , De Castro Mercedes Fernandez , Viguer Jose Maria , Burgos Emilio , Bajo Maria Auxiliadora , Carcamo Cristina , Vara Francisco 
Published: February 2020

Objective To describe the characteristics of abnormal cells present in the peritoneal effluent of 4 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients; the cells were accidentally detected in a longitudinal study of cell populations in 83 patients. Design Descriptive study. Participants Four stable CAPD patients (2 male, 2 female). Interventions Peritoneal cells were collected from nocturnal peritoneal effluent (NPE) by centrifugation. Measurements Light microscopy, ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics were studied. Results The abnormal cells were characterized by a flat appearance, large size (diameter 100 μm) -six to ten times larger than a normal macrophage, a broad acidophilic cytoplasm with rare granulations, and a low nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. The nucleus was pyknotic, with dense chromatin and sometimes appeared fragmented. Its number presented a considerable variability between the patients and was much higher in the 2 females. This number remained stable in each patient over time. These cells were negative for betaglucuronidase and positive for PAS stain with variable intensity. A very low number of flat cells were positive for vimentin with weak intensity, whereas cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were positive in a higher number of cells with medium to strong intensity. Ultrastructural studies showed numerous short surface microvilli, cytoplasm well-developed with intracytoplasmic lumina and abundant, dispersed intermediate filaments, scattered mitochondria, and stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed. Dispersed secretory vacuoles and isolated lipid vacuoles were present. Conclusion All these features imply that they are mesothelial in origin and are suggestive of a change known as peritoneal squamous metaplasia. To date, the clinical follow-up of our patients has shown a benign outcome; further studies are necessary to elucidate the significance of this peritoneal squamous metaplasia in CAPD patients.
The Effect of Dialysate Acidity on Peritoneal Solute Transport in the Rat
Authors: Park Min Sun , Heimbürger Olof , Waniewski Jacek , Werynski Andrzej , Lee Hi Bahl , Bergström Jonas , Lindholm Bengt 
Published: February 2020

Objective To investigate the possible effect of unphysiologically low pH in dialysis fluid on peritoneal transport. Design A 4-hour single-cycle experimental session of peritoneal dialysis was performed in six 5prague-Dawley rats using Dianeal 3.86% solution modified by adding 5 mmol/L of sodium hydroxide, neutral pH solution (NpH5) (pH 7.4). The intraperitoneal volume (V D) and peritoneal bulkfluid reabsorption (aa) were calculated using a marker, 1311–labeled human serum albumin (RI5A). The diffusive mass transport coefficient (KBD) as well as sieving coefficient (5) for glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium were calculated using the Babb-Randerson-Farrell model. The same study was performed in seven rats using Dianeal 3.86% solution, acidic pH solution (ApH5) (pH 5.7) to provide control values. Results The dialysate pH was stable with NpH5; 45 min after the infusion of ApH5 it increased rapidly and reached the physiological value 7.4. Dialysate volume and KBD values for sodium and potassium with NpH5 were significantly higher than with ApH5, while the KBD values for glucose and urea did not differ between the two solutions. 5 values for sodium and urea did not differ between the two solutions, while the values for glucose and potassium with NpH5 were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than the values with ApH5 (0.92±1.04 vs 0.04±0.63 and 0.56±060 vs 1.15±0.39, p < 0.05). The absorption of glucose from the dialysis solution expressed as a percentage of the initial amount of dialysate glucose was significantly lower with NpH5 than with ApH5 at 30 min (17.3±1.7% vs 29.7±2.0%, p < 0.05). Conclusion We conclude that the peritoneal transport of fluid and small solutes might to some extent be influenced by the acidity of the dialysis solution. The vasodilatory effect of acidic dialysis solution might be the most important mechanism for these differences. However, a larger KBD value and a lower 5 value for potassium and higher 5 values for glucose during dialysis with the neutral dialysis solution may indicate that transport mechanisms other than simple passive transport are involved in peritoneal transport for glucose and electrolytes.
Renal Transplantation in Patients Undergoing Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Perez Fontán Miguel , Rodríguez-Carmona Ana , Falcon Teresa García , Moncalián Javier , Oliver Juan , Valdés Francisco 
Published: February 2020

Objective To review the outcome of renal transplantation in a group of patients treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis and to compare the results with those of a matched population on hemodialysis. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary, institutional hospital, administering to a population of two million, with 100 patients on peritoneal dialysis. Six hundred and sixty renal transplantations were performed by the end of 1993. Patients Fifty-six patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis who received 58 cadaveric renal allografts were compared to 58 patients on hemodialysis who received a graft from the same donor (n = 39), or the transplant next to the one performed to the corresponding patient on peritoneal dialysis (n = 19). Results Patients on peritoneal dialysis showed a lower rate of delayed graft function (24.1 vs 50%, p < 0.05) and a similar incidence of acute rejection than patients on hemodialysis. Also, peritoneal dialysis patients received less supplementary immunosuppression, suffered a lower incidence of late infections (0.93 vs 0.58 episodes/patient), and had a similar incidence of dialysis-related complications (0.25 vs 0.20 episodes/patient). Conclusions Patients on peritoneal dialysis do well after renal transplantation. The incidence of some complications, particularly delayed graft function, is lower than in patients on hemodialysis, while the incidence of dialysis-associated complications is similar in both groups.
The Fate of Leached Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate in Patients Undergoing Capd Treatment
Authors: Mettang Thomas , Thomas Stefan , Kiefer Thomas , Fischer Frank-Peter , Kuhlmann Ulrich , Wodarz Roman , Rettenmeier Albert W. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives To evaluate the degree of exposure to and the fate of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DE HP) and its major derivatives mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (ME HP), 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH), and phthalic acid (PA) in patients undergoing regular continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) during a 4-hour dwell period. Design Prospective, controlled. Setting Teaching hospital, Department of Nephrology. Participants Seven elderly patients on stable CAPD using Fresenius instruments and dialysate and 6 agematched healthy controls. Interventions During a routinely performed peritoneal equilibration test (PET), blood and dialysate samples were drawn before and 120 and 240 min after the dwell was started. In addition, blood samples were taken from a group of volunteers participating in a pharmacological study. Measurements Quantitative analysis of DE HP and its hydrolysis products was performed by selected ion-monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, operating the mass spectrometer in a combined positive and negative ion chemical ionization mode. Results Serum concentrations of DE HP and PA were significantly higher in patients (median: 0.079 I1g/mL, range: 0.032 -0.210 I1g/mL; and 0.167 I1g/mL, range: 0.097 0.231 I1g/mL, respectively) than in controls [0.0195 I1g/mL, range: 0.016 -0.025I1g/mL (p = 0.0027) and 0.0120 I1g/mL, range: 0.006 -0.034I1g/mL (p = 0.0026), respectively]. Concentration of ME HP in the fluid of CAPD bags prior to use was four times higher than that of the parent compound. During the first 4 hours of dwell time, the concentrations of ME HP and 2-EH in dialysate consistently decreased from 0.177 (range: 0.137 -0.239119/ mL) to 0.022 I1g/mL (range: 0.005 -0.058 I1g/mL) (p = 0.017), and from 0.087 (range: 0.075 -0.097I1g/mL) to 0.05 I1g/mL (range: 0.023 0.064I1g/mL) (p = 0.017), respectively, while the concentration of DE HP remained stable. Remarkably high concentrations of PA (0.129 I1g/mL; range: 0.038 -0.466 I1g/mL) were found in CAPD bags prior to use, and these concentrations tended to increase during dwell time, without statistical significance, however (0.135I1g/mL; range: 0.073 -0.659I1g/mL, p = 0.062). Conclusions Patients on CAPD are regularly exposed to considerable amounts of phthalic ester derivatives, mainly to MEHPand PA. ME HP seems to bewellabsorbed by the peritoneal membrane. The long-term effects of this exposure remain to be elucidated.
Simulation-based medical education can be used to improve the mental health competency of emergency physicians
Authors: Coggins Andrew , Marchant Dale , Bartels Jane , Cliff Brett , Warburton Sandra , Murphy Margaret , Mitra Tatum , Ryan Christopher J 
Published: February 2020

Objective: We explored the feasibility of developing, running and evaluating a simulation-based medical education (SBME) workshop to improve the knowledge, skills and attitudes of emergency department (ED) doctors when called on to assess patients in psychiatric crisis. Method: We designed a four-hour workshop incorporating SBME and a blend of pre-reading, short didactic elements and multiple-choice questions (MCQs). Emergency department nurses (operating as SBME faculty) used prepared scripts to portray patients presenting in psychiatric crisis. They were interviewed in front of, and by, ED doctors. We collected structured course evaluations, Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) scores, and pre- and post-course MCQs. Results: The pilot workshop was delivered to 12 ED registrars using only existing resources of the Psychiatry and Emergency Departments. Participants highly valued both ‘level of appropriateness’ (Likert rating μ = 4.8/5.0) and ‘overall usefulness’ ( μ = 4.7/5.0) of the programme. They reported an improved understanding of the mental state and of relevant legal issues and rated the debriefings highly (participant DASH rating: n = 193; score μ = 6.3/7.0). Median MCQ scores improved non-significantly pre- and post-course (7.5/12 vs 10/12, p = 0.261). Conclusion: An SBME workshop with these aims could be delivered and evaluated using the existing resources of the Psychiatry and Emergency Departments.
Outside-in arthroscopic psoas release for anterior iliopsoas impingement after primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Moreta Jesús , Cuéllar Adrián , Aguirre Urko , Casado-Verdugo Óscar L , Sánchez Alberto , Cuéllar Ricardo 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: 1 of the causes of groin pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is impingement of the iliopsoas tendon. The purpose of this study was to present our results with outside-in arthroscopic tenotomy for iliopsoas impingement after THA. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients treated between 2009 and 2016 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Anterior acetabular component prominence was measured on a true lateral hip radiograph. A transcapsular tenotomy was performed near the edge of the acetabular component through an outside-in arthroscopic approach. The primary clinical outcomes evaluated were groin pain, assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Secondary outcomes included strength of hip flexion, measured with the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Results: All patients had groin pain improvement, though one patient continued to have moderate pain. The mean VAS score was significantly lower postoperatively (1.08) than preoperatively (6.2) ( p < 0.001). The mean HHS improved from 58.8 (range, 37–76) to 86.1 (range, 59–98) ( p  = 0.001). The average postoperative MRC Scale was 4.58. The mean anterior prominence was 7.25 mm (range 3–12 mm). In patients with <10 mm of component prominence, tenotomy provided groin pain resolution in all cases ( n  = 8). In patients with ⩾10 mm of prominence, symptoms resolved in 3 out of 4 cases. Conclusions: Outside-in arthroscopic iliopsoas release provided a high rate of success with no complications in this study, even in patients with moderate acetabular component prominence.
Commercial app use linked with sustained physical activity in two Canadian provinces: a 12-month quasi-experimental study
Authors: Mitchell Marc , Lau Erica , White Lauren , Faulkner Guy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Top tier commercial physical activity apps rarely undergo peer-reviewed evaluation. Even fewer are assessed beyond six months, the theoretical threshold for behaviour maintenance. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a multi-component commercial app rewarding users with digital incentives for walking was associated with an increase in physical activity over one year.

Methods
This 12-month quasi-experimental study was conducted in two Canadian provinces (n = 39,113 participants). Following a two-week baseline period, participants earned digital incentives ($0.04 CAD/day) every day they reached a personalized daily step goal. Mixed-effects models estimated changes in weekly mean daily step count between the baseline period and the last two recorded weeks. Models were fit for several engagement groups and separately by baseline physical activity status within engagement groups.

Results
Nearly half of participants (43%) were categorized as physically inactive at baseline (fewer than 5000 daily steps), and 60% engaged with the app for at least six months [‘Regular’ (24–51 weeks of step data) or ‘Committed’ sub-groups (52 weeks)]. Weekly mean daily step count increased for physically inactive users regardless of engagement status (P < .0001). The increase was largest for ‘Regular’ and ‘Committed’ participants—1215 and 1821 steps/day, respectively. For physically active participants, step count increases were only observed in the ‘Committed’ sub-group (P < .0001). Effect sizes were modest-to-medium depending on the sub-group analyzed.

Conclusions
A commercial app providing small but immediate digital incentives for individualized goals was associated with an increased weekly mean daily step count on a population-scale over one year. This effect was more evident for physically inactive and more engaged participants.
The draft genome of a new Verminephrobacter eiseniae strain: a nephridial symbiont of earthworms
Authors: Arumugaperumal Arun , Paul Sayan , Lathakumari Saranya , Balasubramani Ravindran , Sivasubramaniam Sudhakar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Verminephrobacter is a genus of symbiotic bacteria that live in the nephridia of earthworms. The bacteria are recruited during the embryonic stage of the worm and transferred from generation to generation in the same manner. The worm provides shelter and food for the bacteria. The bacteria deliver micronutrients to the worm. The present study reports the genome sequence assembly and annotation of a new strain of Verminephrobacter called Verminephrobacter eiseniae msu.

Methods
We separated the sequences of a new Verminephrobacter strain from the whole genome of Eisenia fetida using the sequence of V. eiseniae EF01-2, and the bacterial genome was assembled using the CLC Workbench. The de novo-assembled genome was annotated and analyzed for the protein domains, functions, and metabolic pathways. Besides, the multigenome comparison was performed to interpret the phylogenomic relationship of the strain with other proteobacteria.

Result
The FastqSifter sifted a total of 593,130 Verminephrobacter genomic reads. The de novo assembly of the reads generated 1832 contigs with a total genome size of 4.4 Mb. The Average Nucleotide Identity denoted the bacterium belongs to the species V. eiseniae, and the 16S rRNA analysis confirmed it as a new strain of V. eiseniae. The AUGUSTUS genome annotation predicted a total of 3809 protein-coding genes; of them, 3805 genes were identified from the homology search.

Conclusion
The bioinformatics analysis confirmed the bacterium is an isolate of V. eiseniae, and it was named Verminephrobacter eiseniae msu. The whole genome of the bacteria can be utilized as a useful resource to explore the area of symbiosis further.
Orthologous promoters from related methylotrophic yeasts surpass expression of endogenous promoters of Pichia pastoris
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Fischer Jasmin Elgin , Hyden Patrick , Wasmayer Richard , Sturmberger Lukas , Glieder Anton 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethylotrophic yeasts such as Komagataella phaffii (syn. Pichia pastoris, Pp), Hansenula polymorpha (Hp), Candida boidinii (Cb) and Pichia methanolica (Pm) are widely used protein production platforms. Typically, strong, tightly regulated promoters of genes coding for their methanol utilization (MUT) pathways are used to drive heterologous gene expression. Despite highly similar open reading frames in the MUT pathways of the four yeasts, the regulation of the respective promoters varies strongly between species. While most endogenous Pp MUT promoters remain tightly repressed after depletion of a repressing carbon, Hp, Cb and Pm MUT promoters are derepressed to up to 70% of methanol induced levels, enabling methanol free production processes in their respective host background. Here, we have tested a series of orthologous promoters from Hp, Cb and Pm in Pp. Unexpectedly, when induced with methanol, the promoter of the HpMOX gene reached very similar expression levels as the strong methanol, inducible, and most frequently used promoter of the Pp alcohol oxidase 1 gene (PPpAOX1). The HpFMD promoter even surpassed PPpAOX1 up to three-fold, when induced with methanol, and reached under methanol-free/derepressed conditions similar expression as the methanol induced PPpAOX1. These results demonstrate that orthologous promoters from related yeast species can give access to otherwise unobtainable regulatory profiles and may even considerably surpass endogenous promoters in P. pastoris.
The revision of the categories of mood, anxiety and stress-related disorders in the ICD-11: a perspective from the Arab region
Authors: El Khoury Joseph R. , Baroud Evelyne A. , Khoury Brigitte A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization estimates that 75% of patients with mental and substance use disorders in low- and middle-income countries do not have access to the care needed. In the Arab World, approximately 100–140 million people suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. One main criticism of classification systems has been their lack of cultural sensitivity. The International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition aims to improve clinical utility of psychiatric classification across cultures. Mood, anxiety and stress-related disorders are the most common psychiatric manifestations and the most impacted by cultural factors.

Main body
Relying on rigorous field testing, including in three Arab countries, clinically meaningful changes have been introduced in the International Classification of Diseases 11. These include new disorders such as complex post-traumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief disorder. In classifying mood episodes, the pattern of symptoms over time is emphasized. Disorders associated with anxiety provide the basis for a new grouping separate from obsessive-compulsive-related disorders. Lastly, culture and its impact are incorporated into each diagnostic grouping.

Conclusions
This latest version of the International Classification of Diseases prioritizes addressing gaps in the validity and reliability of psychiatric classification. The methodology adopted in this latest revision is encouraging and opens the way to truly global collaboration on refining psychiatric diagnoses and practice.