bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenting methods in relation to norm awareness, social success, and perspectives of family in adulthood
Authors: Nishimura Kazuo , Yagi Tadashi , Yano Makoto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe importance of parenting methods applied in the home to child development is broadly acknowledged. However, there has not been much empirical research showing how parenting methods later relate to personality formation and social success in adulthood. In this study, we asked adults in Japan to recall messages received from parents during early childhood, and we then tested the strength of the relationships of the messages with performance in adulthood. Messages passed from parents to children were investigated from the following three aspects: (1) the norm message passed from parent to child, (2) how the message was delivered to the child, and (3) how the child received the message. Our general conclusion is that the ways in which messages are passed from parents to children in the course of a child’s development can have a long-term and material effect on the child. This conclusion is valid for the message itself, for the method of delivery, and for the way in which it is received.
Pädagogische Orientierungen zum Schriftspracherwerb von Fachkräften im Kindergarten (2006 und 2016)
Authors: Rank Astrid 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie stellt eine Replikation des quantitativen Teils der Studie von Rank (2008, 2009) dar, in der die bei Fachkräften vorhandenen pädagogischen Orientierungen zum vorschulischen Lernen und Schriftspracherwerb untersucht wurden. An der erneuten Erhebung im Jahr 2016 mit demselben Fragebogen nahmen 147 Fachkräfte teil. Die Ergebnisse belegen eine nach wie vor hohe Zustimmung zum Kindergarten als Lernort. Selbstgesteuerter Schriftspracherwerb wird allerdings signifikant häufiger abgelehnt als noch vor zehn Jahren. Als signifikante Prädiktoren hierbei zeigen sich in der Regressionsanalyse ein instruierendes Lernkonzept und Unsicherheit gegenüber der Schule.
A Simple Model for Minimum Induced Drag of Multiplanes: Could Prandtl Do the Same?
Authors: Picchi Scardaoni Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn a famous report about the induced drag of multiplanes, L. Prandtl conceived the Best Wing System: the lifting system having the minimum induced drag among all the other ones, for assigned wingspan and lift. The resulting shape was a box-wing, asymptotically equivalent to a multiplane having infinite wings. At the end of the report, he gave the performance of this optimal lifting system (in terms of dimensionless induced drag and vertical gap) through a curve, without presenting the method he used. Nowadays, modern computational aerodynamics show an excellent agreement between the numerical results and Prandtl’s prevision. The first part of the paper aims at clarifying which method Prandtl used for the Best Wing System only. In the second part of the paper, starting from Prandtl’s different approach for the biplane and triplane problem, we propose a simple model for the evaluation of the induced drag of multiplanes, using notions an aerodynamicist of 1920s likely had. We show that the limit multiplane having infinitely many wings, under the ansatz of elliptic lift distribution on the outermost wings and constant lift distribution on the innermost ones, matches the Best Wing System curve. This leads to a simple but interesting interpretation of the actual results.
COVID-19 and the Changes in the Sexual Behavior of Men Who Have Sex with Men: Results of an Online Survey
Authors: Shilo Guy , Mor Zohar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Social distancing in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may affect the sexual behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM). In early March 2020, Israel imposed travel restrictions and limited social contacts to household members only. The effects of these restrictions on the sexual behavior and mental health of MSM are unknown.

Aim
To assess sexual behaviors and mental health of Israeli MSM during social distancing and to compare sexual behaviors before and during social distancing, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Data were collected through anonymous web-based questionnaires in a popular geospatial application used by MSM between March and April 2020 during the social-distancing period.

Outcomes
The dependent variable was casual sex, in violation of social-distancing regulations. Independent variables were demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors before and during social-distancing restrictions, and mental health.

Results
Of the 2,562 participants, 1,012 (39.5%) continued to meet new casual sex partners during this period. Being of a younger age, single, and with higher levels of mental distress predicted engagement in casual sex during the social-distancing period. MSM reduced their sexual risk and limited sexual repertoire—in particular, kissing with their sexual partners. Participants also spent more time in dating applications than in the pre–social-distancing period and increased their use of sex phone, webcams, and porn consumption. They perceived the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to be greater than that of HIV: only 3.2% could imagine themselves having sex with a partner who is infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with 30.1% in case of HIV, P &lt; .01.

Clinical Implications
MSM reduced their risk behaviors during social distancing because of the threat of COVID-19. Casual sex during social distancing was associated with negative feelings of mental distress. Future public health response in the future waves of COVID-19 morbidity should strike a balance between containment measures and the need for social distancing with its possible mental and social burdens.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study in Israel and one of the few in the world to examine sexual behaviors among MSM during the COVID-19 social distancing period. It involved a relatively large sample, through convenience sampling, which limits causality. Findings should be interpreted cautiously, specifically because COVID-19–related behaviors and circumstances may change rapidly.

Conclusion
The negative feelings of distress due to social distancing should be considered as a potential barrier to adherence among vulnerable populations, such as MSM. Future public health response should strike a balance between containment measures and its possible mental, social, and financial burdens.
What is the current state of patient education after Clostridioides difficile infection?
Authors: DeBenedictus Christina M. , Hecker Michelle T. , Zuccaro Patricia D. , John Jacob P. , Donskey Curtis J. , Patel Payal K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn a survey of hospitals and of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), we found that most facilities had educational materials or protocols for education of CDI patients. However, approximately half of CDI patients did not recall receiving education during their admission, and knowledge deficits regarding CDI prevention were common.
Mitigation of climatic conditions and pest protection provided by insect-proof nets for cabbage cultivation in East Africa
Authors: Nordey Thibault , Faye Emile , Chailleux Anaïs , Parrot Laurent , Simon Serge , Mlowe Nickson , Fernandes Paula 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAlthough several studies have underlined the advantages of using insect-proof nets to improve yields while reducing the use of pesticides, one obstacle to the diffusion of this technique in tropical conditions is the associated increase in temperature in the tunnel. The aim of this work was to assess the interest of combining the physical protection provided by nets against insect pests with the beneficial impacts of using shade nets to grow cabbages. A two-season experiment was set up to compare temperature conditions, insect pest populations, yields, and the quality of cabbage crops grown in the open field and in low tunnels covered with nets providing different degrees of shading, 17.2% by white and 50.1% by silver nets. During the day, the temperature under the white and silver nets was 10.4 °C and 6.3 °C higher, respectively, than in the open field in the first season, and 6.5 °C and 5.9 °C higher in the second season. Both insect-proof nets significantly reduced insect pest populations and hence the need for insecticide treatments. The white nets increased marketable yield by 45.4% in the first season and by 16.4% in the second compared to yields in the open field, whereas silver nets reduced yield by 18.6% and 15.0%, respectively. The reduction in yield under silver nets was attributed to excessive shading that prevented the light requirements of cabbage crops from being fulfilled. Economic analysis raised some concerns about the profitability of the use of netting to grow cabbage due to investment costs and the lack of premium prices for vegetables produced with fewer pesticides in local markets.
Genetic testing in Poland and Ukraine: should comprehensive germline testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 be recommended for women with breast and ovarian cancer?
Authors: Nguyen-Dumont Tu , Karpinski Pawel , Sasiadek Maria M. , Akopyan Hayane , Steen Jason A. , Theys Derrick , Hammet Fleur , Tsimiklis Helen , Park Daniel J. , Pope Bernard J. , Slezak Ryszard , Stembalska Agnieszka , Pesz Karolina , Kitsera Nataliya , Siekierzynska Aleksandra , Southey Melissa C. , Myszka Aleksander 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To characterize the spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic germline variants in women from south-west Poland and west Ukraine affected with breast or ovarian cancer. Testing in women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer in these regions is currently mainly limited to founder mutations.

Methods
Unrelated women affected with breast and/or ovarian cancer from Poland (n = 337) and Ukraine (n = 123) were screened by targeted sequencing. Excluded from targeted sequencing were 34 Polish women who had previously been identified as carrying a founder mutation in BRCA1. No prior testing had been conducted among the Ukrainian women. Thus, this study screened BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the germline DNA of 426 women in total.

Results
We identified 31 and 18 women as carriers of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) genetic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. We observed five BRCA1 and eight BRCA2 P/LP variants (13/337, 3.9%) in the Polish women. Combined with the 34/337 (10.1%) founder variants identified prior to this study, the overall P/LP variant frequency in the Polish women was thus 14% (47/337). Among the Ukrainian women, 16/123 (13%) women were identified as carrying a founder mutation and 20/123 (16.3%) were found to carry non-founder P/LP variants (10 in BRCA1 and 10 in BRCA2).

Conclusions
These results indicate that genetic testing in women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer in Poland and Ukraine should not be limited to founder mutations. Extended testing will enhance risk stratification and management for these women and their families.
Gender contexts, dowry and women’s health in India: a national multilevel longitudinal analysis
Authors: Stroope Samuel , Kroeger Rhiannon A. , Fan Jiabin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGender-biased contexts may impact women’s lives across a variety of domains. This study examined whether changes in district prevalence of a salient gendered practice – dowry – are associated with changes in poor health for women in India. Two waves of national multilevel panel data were used to assess the relationship between changes in district-level dowry prevalence and changes in self-rated health for 23,785 ever-married women aged 15–50 years. Increased dowry prevalence was found to be associated with increased poor self-rated health for women. This relationship remained when controlling for potentially confounding factors including household socioeconomic status, caste, infrastructure, mobility and state fixed-effects.
Spatial pattern and determinants of diagnosed diabetes in southern India: evidence from a 2012–13 population-based survey
Authors: Barua Somdutta , Saikia Nandita , Sk Rayhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe diabetes epidemic is expanding rapidly in India, with 69.2 million people living with diabetes in 2015. This study assessed the spatial pattern and determinants of diagnosed diabetes prevalence in the districts of six states and one union territory (UT) in southern India – a region that has a high prevalence of diabetes. Using cross-sectional population-based survey data from the 2012–13 District Level Household and Facility Survey-4, the prevalence and magnitude of diagnosed diabetes at district level for the population aged 18 years and above were computed. Moran’s I was calculated to explore the spatial clustering of diagnosed diabetes prevalence. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Spatial Lag (SL) regression models were carried out to investigate the spatial determinants of diagnosed diabetes prevalence. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was found to be substantially higher than that of self-reported diabetes in southern India (7.64% vs 2.38%). Diagnosed diabetes prevalence in the study area varied from 10.52% in Goa to 4.89% in Telangana. The Moran’s I values signified positive moderate autocorrelation. Southern India had 14.15 million individuals with diagnosed diabetes in 2012–13. Bangalore had the highest number of persons with diagnosed diabetes, and Palakkad had the smallest number. In the OLS and SL models, the proportion of people with secondary education and above, wealthy and Christian populations were found to be significant determinants of diagnosed diabetes prevalence. In addition, in the OLS model, the proportion of Scheduled Tribe population showed a negative relationship with diagnosed diabetes prevalence. In order to prevent or postpone the onset age for diabetes, there is a need to raise awareness about diabetes in India.
Effects of suckling on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows in cow–calf contact systems
Authors: Barth Kerstin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this research communication I show the effect of various cow–calf contact systems on milk yield and milk composition during the periods when calves where allowed to suckle their dams and after the calves were separated in comparison to cows that were only machine milked throughout their lactation. Analyses were based on four different experiments, but conducted at the same research station and under comparable housing and feeding conditions. Nursing dams had contact to their calves during the whole day, during night-time or only twice per day shortly before milking. A control group of cows that had no contact to their offspring was part of every experiment. Data of the regular monthly milk recordings were analysed with linear mixed models. Results showed a significant effect of the suckling system on the machine milk yield over the whole lactation. While cows with night-time contact reached the milk production level of the control cows, cows with whole day or short-time contact still produced less milk after the calves were separated. Fat content was always lower during the suckling period but not afterwards. The significantly higher milk protein content in dams with calf contact requires further investigation. Somatic cell count in milk of nursing dams was slightly increased, probably due to the exposure of the teats to frequent suckling in addition to machine milkings. In conclusion, cow–calf contact systems influence the performance of cows during and after the suckling period but to varying degrees depending on the system adopted.
Welfare assessment in dairy cows using hair cortisol as a part of monitoring protocols
Authors: Vesel Urška , Pavič Tea , Ježek Jožica , Snoj Tomaž , Starič Jože 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWelfare of dairy cows can be assessed using welfare assessment protocols consisting of resource, management and animal-based measures. Welfare Quality® Assessment Protocol is one of the best-known protocols, which depends almost entirely on animal-based measures. To gain more objective and rapid welfare assessment, new techniques have been developed to measure welfare of animals, such as hair cortisol concentration. As cortisol is released in response to stress, it has long been used as a biomarker of stress in animals. While the precise mechanism of cortisol incorporation into hair is unknown, hair cortisol concentration seems to be a marker of long-term systemic cortisol concentration. Hair cortisol is, therefore, a potential marker of chronic stress and is not likely to be affected by acute stress. Studies on cattle show connections between hair cortisol concentration and factors such as pregnancy, parity, diseases, ectoparasites, body condition score, environmental changes, stocking density and milk yield. Hair cortisol concentration appears to be affected by time of sampling, cow age and breed, UV radiation, season, body region of sampled hair and hair colour. Its concentration also depends on sampling and analytical methods. Hair cortisol is a promising non-invasive tool to evaluate welfare of dairy cows, however, more research is needed to determine the extent of effects on its concentration and the appropriate method of sampling and analysis. Correlations between Welfare Quality® Assessment Protocol scores and pooled hair cortisol concentrations have not yet been found, and more research is needed with larger sample size, a standardized protocol of hair sampling, processing and analysis. With proper attention to detail, hair cortisol levels in pooled hair samples might come to be used as a reliable indicator of dairy animal welfare.
Physical development, ease of integration into the dairy herd and performance of primiparous dairy cows reared with full whole-day, half-day or no mother-contact as calves
Authors: Zipp Katharina A. , Knierim Ute 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigated whether different rearing conditions affected the physical development, ease of integration into the dairy herd and performance of primiparous dairy cows and the results are reported in this Research Communication. The three rearing conditions investigated were whole-day cow-calf contact for 9 weeks (WDC), half-day contact for nine weeks (HDC) and no mother-contact (NC) with nipple-bucket-feeding (max. 2 × 3 l/d) and group-housing from the 8th day onward. After permanent separation from the dams (WDC and HDC), all calves had been nipple-bucket-fed and gradually weaned from week 10 to 13 of life and kept together as calves and heifers. Measures of physical development were trunk girth, height at withers and body weight. Lying behavior during the first 48 h after introduction to the dairy herd after first calving was used as an indicator of ease of integration. Performance measures were age at calving, lactation duration, milk yield and culling rates during the first lactation. No differences between WDC and HDC could be detected. Moreover, no treatment-effects on physical development or performance could be found. All treatments showed reduced lying for the first 24 h after introduction to the dairy herd. Afterward NC-heifers lay less than WDC, with HDC-heifers ranging in between. We conclude that under the conditions investigated higher weights two weeks after weaning in WDC- and HDC-calves did not carry through to the first lactation and did not lead to earlier maturity and higher performance, but that integration into the herd may be alleviated when calves have early experience of the herd and associated conditions.
A modified longitudinal incision via transoral sublabial approach for removal of the nasal vestibular cyst: a clinical observation
Authors: He C , Li W-L , Ye C-G , Zhen H-T 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of the removal of nasal vestibular cysts through a modified longitudinal incision via a transoral sublabial approach.MethodIn 28 cases, a nasal vestibular cyst was removed through a modified longitudinal incision via a transoral sublabial approach. A visual analogue scale score was used to evaluate the numbness of the nasal alar and upper lip. Post-operative complications were recorded. Medical photographs were used for assessment.ResultsFor all patients, incisions reached clinical primary healing one week after surgery. All patients were free of post-operative haematoma, infection, oronasal fistula and malformation. In the first week and the first month after surgery, numbness of the nasal alar and upper lip was recorded in few cases. The patients were followed up for 2–57 months without recurrence.ConclusionRemoval of nasal vestibular cysts via a transoral sublabial approach with a modified longitudinal incision is a minimally invasive and simple surgical method with few complications and a quick recovery.
National trends in non-fatal suicidal behaviors among adults in the USA from 2009 to 2017
Authors: Bornheimer Lindsay A. , Wang Kaipeng , Zhang Anao , Li Juliann , Trim Elise E. , Ilgen Mark , King Cheryl A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe age-adjusted rate of suicide death in the USA has increased significantly since 2000 and little is known about national trends in non-fatal suicidal behaviors (ideation, plan, and attempt) among adults and their associated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. This study examined trends in non-fatal suicidal behaviors among adults in the USA.MethodsData were obtained from adults 18–65 years of age who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), including mental health assessment, from 2009 to 2017 (n = 335 359). Examinations of data involved trend analysis methods with the use of logistic regressions and interaction terms.ResultsSuicidal ideation showed fluctuation from 2009 to 2017, whereas suicide plan and attempt showed significantly positive linear trends with the odds increasing by an average of 3% and 4%, respectively. Suicide plan increased the most for females and adults ages 18–34, and attempt increased the most for adults with drug dependence. Both plan and attempt increased the most among adults who either had mental illness but were not in treatment or had no mental illness.ConclusionsGiven attempted suicide is the strongest known risk factor for suicide death, reducing non-fatal suicidal behaviors including attempt are important public health and clinical goals. The interactional findings of age, sex, mental health status, and drug dependence point toward the importance of tailoring prevention efforts to various sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Where does the elephant come from? The evolution of causal cognition is the key
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter , Högberg Anders , Lombard Marlize 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Osiurak and Reynaud do not explain the evolutionary emergence and development of the elephant in the room, that is, technical cognition. We first argue that there is a tight correlation between the evolution of cumulative technological culture (CTC) and the evolution of reasoning about abstract forces. Second, intentional teaching plays a greater role in CTC evolution than acknowledged in the target article.
Supporting the weight of the elephant in the room: Technical intelligence propped up by social cognition and language
Authors: Thornton Alex , Happé Francesca , Caldwell Christine A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We consider the evolutionary plausibility of Osiurak and Reynaud's (O&R) arguments. We argue that technical reasoning is not quite the magic bullet that O&R assume, and instead propose a co-evolutionary account of the interplay between technical reasoning and social learning, with language emerging as a vital issue neglected in O&R's account.