Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
Authors:   LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborators, Kinyoki Damaris K. , Ross Jennifer M. , Lazzar-Atwood Alice , Munro Sandra B. , Schaeffer Lauren E. , Abbasalizad-Farhangi Mahdieh , Abbasi Masoumeh , Abbastabar Hedayat , Abdelalim Ahmed , Abdoli Amir , Abdollahi Mohammad , Abdollahpour Ibrahim , Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi , Abebe Nebiyu Dereje , Abebo Teshome Abuka , Abegaz Kedir Hussein , Abolhassani Hassan , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Abrigo Michael R. M. , Abushouk Abdelrahman I. , Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou , Acharya Dilaram , Adabi Maryam , Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi , Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi , Adekanmbi Victor , Adeoye Abiodun Moshood , Adetokunboh Olatunji O. , Adham Davoud , Aduroja Posi Emmanuel , Advani Shailesh M. , Afarideh Mohsen , Aghaali Mohammad , Agrawal Anurag , Ahmad Tauseef , Ahmadi Keivan , Ahmadi Sepideh , Ahmed Muktar Beshir , Ahmed Rushdia , Ajumobi Olufemi , Akal Chalachew Genet , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Akinyemiju Tomi , Akombi Blessing , Al-Aly Ziyad , Alam Samiah , Alamene Genet Melak , Alanzi Turki M. , Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde , Alema Niguse Meles , Ali Beriwan Abdulqadir , Ali Muhammad , Alijanzadeh Mehran , Alinia Cyrus , Alipour Vahid , Alizade Hesam , Aljunid Syed Mohamed , Almasi Afshin , Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M. , Al-Raddadi Rajaa M. , Altirkawi Khalid , Alvis-Guzman Nelson , Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J. , Amare Azmeraw T. , Amegah Adeladza Kofi , Amini Saeed , Rarani Mostafa Amini , Amiri Fatemeh , Amit Arianna Maever Loreche , Anber Nahla Hamed , Andrei Catalina Liliana , Ansari Fereshteh , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Anteneh Zelalem Alamrew , Antonio Carl Abelardo T. , Antriyandarti Ernoiz , Anvari Davood , Anwer Razique , Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw , Arabloo Jalal , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Araya Ephrem Mebrahtu , Arefi Zohreh , Aremu Olatunde , Ärnlöv Johan , Arzani Afsaneh , Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran , Asadi-Pooya Ali A. , Asgari Samaneh , Asghari Babak , Ashagre Alebachew Fasil , Asrat Anemaw A. , Ataeinia Bahar , Atalay Hagos Tasew , Atnafu Desta Debalkie , Atout Maha Moh’d Wahbi , Ausloos Marcel , Avokpaho Euripide F. G. A. , Awasthi Ashish , Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Aynalem Yared A. Asmare , Azadmehr Abbas , Azari Samad , Azarian Ghasem , Azene Zelalem Nigussie , Babaee Ebrahim , Badawi Alaa , Badiye Ashish D. , Bahrami Mohamad Amin , Baig Atif Amin A. , Bakhtiari Ahad , Bakkannavar Shankar M. , Balakrishnan Senthilkumar , Bali Ayele Geleto , Banach Maciej , Banik Palash Chandra , Baradaran-Seyed Zahra , Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher , Barboza Miguel A. , Bärnighausen Till Winfried , Barua Lingkan , Basaleem Huda , Basu Sanjay , Bayati Mohsen , Bayih Mulat Tirfie , Baynes Habtamu Wondifraw , Bedi Neeraj , Behzadifar Masoud , Behzadifar Meysam , Bekele Yibeltal Alemu , Bennett Derrick A. , Berbada Dessalegn Ajema , Berhe Kidanemaryam , Berhe Abadi Kidanemariam , Berman Adam E. , Bernstein Robert S. , Bhageerathy Reshmi , Bhandari Dinesh , Bharadwaj Pankaj , Bhattacharjee Natalia V. , Bhattacharyya Krittika , Bijani Ali , Bikbov Boris , Bilano Ver , Bililign Nigus , Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat Bin , Birara Setognal , Birhane Minuye Biniam Biniam , Birhanu Minyichil , Biswas Raaj Kishore , Bitew Zebenay Workneh , Bogale Kassawmar Angaw , Bohlouli Somayeh , Bolla Srinivasa Rao , Boloor Archith , Borzì Antonio M. , Borzouei Shiva , Brady Oliver J. , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Braithwaite Dejana , Briko Nikolay Ivanovich , Britton Gabrielle , Budhathoki Shyam S. , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Busse Reinhard , Butt Zahid A. , Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero , Cámera Luis Alberto , Campos-Nonato Ismael R. , Cano Jorge , Car Josip , Cárdenas Rosario , Carrero Juan J. , Carvalho Félix , Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio , Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A. , Castro Franz , Cerin Ester , Chansa Collins , Charan Jaykaran , Chatterjee Pranab , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Chauhan Bal Govind , Chavshin Ali Reza , Chehrazi Mohammad , Chichiabellu Tesfaye Yitna , Chin Ken Lee , Christopher Devasahayam J. , Chu Dinh-Toi , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Collison Michael L. , Cork Michael A. , Cormier Natalie , Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Costa Vera M. , Dadi Abel Fekadu Fekadu , Dagnew Baye , Dahlawi Saad M. A. , Damiani Giovanni , Darwish Amira Hamed , Daryani Ahmad , Das Jai K. , Gupta Rajat Das , Dávila-Cervantes Claudio , Davis Weaver Nicole , Leo Diego De , Neve Jan-Walter De , Demeke Feleke Mekonnen , Demis Asmamaw Bizuneh , Demissie Dereje Bayissa , Demoz Gebre Teklemariam , Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar , Deribe Kebede , Desai Rupak , Desalegn Beruk Berhanu , Desalew Assefa , Deshpande Aniruddha , Dey Sagnik , Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda , Dhillon Preeti , Dhimal Meghnath , Dhungana Govinda Prasad , Nasab Mostafa Dianati , Diaz Daniel , Forooshani Zahra Sadat Dibaji , Dinsa Girmaye Deye , Dipeolu Isaac Oluwafemi , Djalalinia Shirin , Do Hoa Thi , Do Huyen Phuc , Doku Paul Narh , Dorostkar Fariba , Doshmangir Leila , Dubey Manisha , Adema Bereket Duko , Dunachie Susanna J. , Duncan Bruce B. , Cousin Ewerton , Durães Andre R. , Earl Lucas , Leylabadlo Hamed Ebrahimzadeh , Eftekhari Aziz , El Sayed Iman , El Sayed Zaki Maysaa , El Tantawi Maha , Elbarazi Iffat , Elemineh Demelash Abewa , El-Jaafary Shaimaa I. , El-Khatib Ziad , Elsharkawy Aisha , El-Sherbiny Yasser Mohamed , Elyazar Iqbal R. F. , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Enany Shymaa , Endalew Daniel Adane , Endalifer Melese Linger , Eskandari Khalil , Eskandarieh Sharareh , Esmaeilnejad Saman , Esteghamati Alireza , Etemadi Arash , Etisso Atkilt Esaiyas , Fanzo Jessica , Farahmand Mohammad , Faraj Anwar , Farashi Sajjad , Fareed Mohammad , Farioli Andrea , Faro Andre , Farzadfar Farshad , Farzam Hossein , Fatima Syeda Sadia , Fattahi Nazir , Fauk Nelsensius Klau , Fazaeli Ali Akbar , Fentahun Netsanet , Ferede Tomas Y. , Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad , Fernandes Eduarda , Fernandes João C. , Feyissa Garumma Tolu , Filip Irina , Fischer Florian , Flohr Carsten , Foigt Nataliya A. , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Fomenkov Artem Alekseevich , Foroutan Masoud , Förster Jana , Francis Joel Msafiri , Fukumoto Takeshi , Gayesa Reta Tsegaye , Geberemariyam Biniyam Sahiledengle , Gebrehiwot Tsegaye Tewelde , Gebremariam Hadush , Gebremariam Kidane Tadesse , Gebremedhin Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork , Gebremeskel Gebreamlak Gebremedhn , Gebreslassie Assefa Ayalew Ayalew , Gebretsadik Gebretsadkan G. G. , Gedefaw Getnet Azeze , Geramo Yilma Chisha Dea , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Geta Birhanu , Getenet Agegnehu Bante , Gezae Kebede Embaye , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Ghafourifard Mansour , Ghajar Alireza , Ghajarzadeh Mahsa , Ghashghaee Ahmad , Ghiasvand Hesam , Gholamian Asadollah , Gilani Syed Amir , Gill Tiffany K. , Ginawi Ibrahim Abdelmageed , Goli Srinivas , Gomes Nelson G. M. , Gopalani Sameer Vali , Goudarzi Houman , Goulart Alessandra C. , Govindakarnavar Arunkumar , Grada Ayman , Grivna Michal , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Guled Rashid Abdi , Guo Yuming , Gupta Rahul , Gupta Rajeev , Hafezi-Nejad Nima , Haile Michael Tamene , Haj-Mirzaian Arvin , Haj-Mirzaian Arya , Hall Brian J. , Halvaei Iman , Hamadeh Randah R. , Hamidi Yadollah , Handiso Demelash Woldeyohannes , Hankey Graeme J. , Haririan Hamidreza , Hariyani Ninuk , Hasaballah Ahmed I. , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Hasankhani Milad , Hasanpoor Edris , Hasanzadeh Amir , Hashemian Maryam , Hassanipour Soheil , Hassen Hamid Yimam , Havmoeller Rasmus , Hawkes Corinna , Hayat Khezar , Hayelom Desta Haftu , Heidari Behnam , Heidari-Soureshjani Reza , Hendrie Delia , Henok Andualem , Henry Nathaniel J. , Herrero Mario , Herteliu Claudiu , Heydarpour Fatemeh , de Hidru Hagos D. , Hoang Chi Linh , Hoek Hans W. , Hole Michael K. , Holla Ramesh , Hollerich Gillian , Rad Enayatollah Homaie , Hong Sung Hwi , Hoogar Praveen , Horino Masako , Hossain Naznin , Hosseini Mostafa , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Hostiuc Mihaela , Hostiuc Sorin , Househ Mowafa , Hsairi Mohamed , Hu Guoqing , Huda Tanvir M. , Humayun Ayesha , Hwang Bing-Fang , Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel , Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Ilic Milena D. , Imani-Nasab Mohammad Hasan , Inbaraj Leeberk Raja , Iqbal Usman , Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Iwu Chidozie C. D. , Iwu Chinwe Juliana , Izadi Neda , Jaafari Jalil , Jaca Anelisa , Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad , Balalami Nader Jafari , Jafarinia Morteza , Jahani Mohammad Ali , Jakovljevic Mihajlo , Jalali Amir , Jalilian Farzad , Jayatilleke Achala Upendra , Jeemon Panniyammakal , Jehan Fyezah , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Jha Ravi Prakash , Jha Vivekanand , Ji John S. , Jia Peng , John Oommen , John-Akinola Yetunde O. , Johnson Kimberly B. , Jonas Jost B. , Joseph Nitin , Joukar Farahnaz , Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy , Jungari Suresh Banayya , Jürisson Mikk , Kabir Ali , Kabir Zubair , Kahsay Amaha , Kahssay Molla , Kalani Hamed , Kalankesh Leila L. , Kalhor Rohollah , Kamiab Zahra , Kanchan Tanuj , Kapil Umesh , Kapoor Neeti , Karami Manoochehr , Matin Behzad Karami , Karch André , Karim Mohd A. , Karki Surendra , Kasaeian Amir , Kasahun Gebremicheal Gebreslassie , Kasaye Habtamu Kebebe , Kassa Tesfaye Dessale , Kassaye Hagazi Gebremedhin , Kassebaum Nicholas J. , Karyani Ali Kazemi , Kengne Andre Pascal , Ketema Daniel Bekele , Khader Yousef Saleh , Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif , Khaksarian Mojtaba , Khalid Nauman , Khalil Ibrahim A. , Khalilov Rovshan , Khan Asad , Khan Ejaz Ahmad , Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Khan Mohammad Saud , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Khatab Khaled , Khater Amir , Khater Mona M. , Khatib Mahalqua Nazli , Khayamzadeh Maryam , Khazaei-Pool Maryam , Khazaei Mohammad , Khazaei Salman , Khodayari Mohammad Taghi , Khosravi Mohammad Hossein , Khundkar Roba , Kiadaliri Ali , Kianipour Neda , Kiirithio Daniel N. , Kim Yun Jin , Kimokoti Ruth W. , Kisa Adnan , Kisa Sezer , Kolola Tufa , Komaki Hamidreza , Kondlahalli Shivakumar K. M. , Koolivand Ali , Koul Parvaiz A. , Koyanagi Ai , Kraemer Moritz U. G. , Krishan Kewal , Krohn Kris J. , Kugbey Nuworza , Kumar Manasi , Kumar Pushpendra , Kumar Vivek , Kurmi Om P. , Kuti Oluwatosin , Vecchia Carlo La , Lacey Ben , Lad Deepesh P. , Lal Aparna , Lal Dharmesh Kumar , Lami Faris Hasan , Lamichhane Prabhat , Lang Justin J. , Lansingh Van C. , Lasrado Savita , Lebedev Georgy , Lee Paul H. , Lee Shaun Wen Huey , Leili Mostafa , Letourneau Ian D. , Lewycka Sonia , Li Shanshan , Lim Lee-Ling , Linn Shai , Liu Shiwei , Liu Simin , Lodha Rakesh , Longbottom Joshua , Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Lorkowski Stefan , Macarayan Erlyn Rachelle King , Madadin Mohammed , El Razek Hassan Magdy Abd , El Razek Muhammed Magdy Abd , Maghavani Dhaval P. , Mahasha Phetole Walter , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Maled Venkatesh , Maleki Afshin , Maleki Shokofeh , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Manafi Ali , Manafi Farzad , Manafi Navid , Manohar Narendar Dawanu , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Mansouri Borhan , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Mapoma Chabila Christopher , Marami Dadi , Marczak Laurie B. , Arnedo Carlos Alberto Marrugo , Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlândio , Masaka Anthony , Massenburg Benjamin Ballard , Maulik Pallab K. , Mayala Benjamin K. , Mazidi Mohsen , Mehndiratta Man Mohan , Mehri Freshteh , Mehta Kala M. , Meitei Wahengbam Bigyananda , Mekonnen Fantahun Ayenew , Mekonnen Teferi , Meles Gebrekiros Gebremichael , Meles Hagazi Gebre , Melese Addisu , Mendoza Walter , Menezes Ritesh G. , Mengesha Meresa Berwo , Mensah George A. , Meretoja Tuomo J. , Miazgowski Tomasz , Kostova Neda Milevska , Miller Ted R. , Mills Edward J. , Mini G. K. , Mir Seyed Mostafa , Miri Mohammad , Mirjalali Hamed , Mirrakhimov Erkin M. , Mirzaei Hamed , Mirzaei Maryam , Mirzaei Roya , Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Mithra Prasanna , Moazen Babak , Mohamadi Efat , Mohamadi-Bolbanabad Amjad , Mohammad Karzan Abdulmuhsin , Mohammad Yousef , Mohammad Dara K. , Darwesh Aso Mohammad , Mezerji Naser Mohammad Gholi , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Mohammadnia-Afrouzi Mousa , Mohammadoo-Khorasani Milad , Mohammadpourhodki Reza , Mohammed Salahuddin , Mohammed Shafiu , Mohammed Jemal Abdu , Mohammed Ammas Siraj , Mohebi Farnam , Mokari Amin , Mokdad Ali H. , Montañez Julio Cesar , Montero-Zamora Pablo A. , Moodley Yoshan , Moossavi Maryam , Moradi Ghobad , Moradi Masoud , Moradi Yousef , Moradi-Joo Mohammad , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Moradpour Farhad , Moradzadeh Rahmatollah , Moraga Paula , Morrison Shane Douglas , Mosapour Abbas , Mosser Jonathan F. , Mouodi Simin , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi , Mozaffarian Dariush , Mueller Ulrich Otto , Murray Christopher J. L. , Murthy G. V. S. , Musa Kamarul Imran , Mustafa Ghulam , Muthupandian Saravanan , Nabavizadeh Behnam , Naderi Mehdi , Nadkarni Girish N. , Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman , Naghavi Mohsen , Naheed Aliya , Naik Gurudatta , Najafi Farid , Nansseu Jobert Richie , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Nascimento Bruno Ramos , Nayak Vinod , Nazari Javad , Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith , Negoi Ionut , Negoi Ruxandra Irina , Ngunjiri Josephine W. , Nguyen Cuong Tat , Nguyen Huong Lan Thi , Nigatu Dabere , Nigatu Yeshambel T. , Nikbakhsh Rajan , Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini , Nnaji Chukwudi A. , Nong Vuong Minh , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Nowak Christoph , Oancea Bogdan , Ofori-Asenso Richard , Oghenetega Onome Bright , Oh In-Hwan , Oladimeji Olanrewaju , Oladnabi Morteza , Olagunju Andrew T. , Olagunju Tinuke O. , Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola , Olusanya Jacob Olusegun , Oluwasanu Mojisola Morenike , Omer Muktar Omer , Onwujekwe Obinna E. , Asante Kwaku Oppong , Oren Eyal , Orisakwe Orish Ebere , Ortiz Alberto , Osarenotor Osayomwanbo , Osgood-Zimmerman Aaron E. , Owolabi Mayowa Ojo , P. A. Mahesh , Padubidri Jagadish Rao , Pakshir Keyvan , Pana Adrian , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Parsian Hadi , Pashaei Tahereh , Pasupula Deepak Kumar , Patel Sangram Kishor , Pathak Ashish , Pathak Mona , Pati Sanghamitra , Patle Ajay , Patton George C. , Paulos Kebreab , Toroudi Hamidreza Pazoki , Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino , Perico Norberto , Petri William A. , Pickering Brandon V. , Pigott David M. , Pirestani Majid , Piroozi Bakhtiar , Pirsaheb Meghdad , Pokhrel Khem Narayan , Postma Maarten J. , Pourjafar Hadi , Pourmalek Farshad , Kalhori Reza Pourmirza , Pourshams Akram , Poustchi Hossein , Prada Sergio I. , Preotescu Liliana , Pribadi Dimas Ria Angga , Syed Zahiruddin Quazi , Rabiee Mohammad , Rabiee Navid , Radfar Amir , Rafiei Alireza , Rahim Fakher , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Rahman Muhammad Aziz , Rahman Sajjad ur , Rai Rajesh Kumar , Rajabpour-Sanati Ali , Rajati Fatemeh , Ramezanzadeh Kiana , Rana Saleem Muhammad , Ranabhat Chhabi Lal , Rao Sowmya J. , Rasella Davide , Rashedi Vahid , Rastogi Prateek , Rathi Priya , Rawaf Salman , Rawaf David Laith , Rawal Lal , Ray Sarah E. , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Renjith Vishnu , Renzaho Andre M. N. , Resnikoff Serge , Rezaei Nima , Rezaeian Shahab , Rezai Mohammad Sadegh , Rezapour Aziz , Riahi Seyed Mohammad , Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Rickard Jennifer , Rodriguez Alina , Roever Leonardo , Roro Elias Merdassa , Roshandel Gholamreza , Rostami Ali , Rubagotti Enrico , Saad Anas M. , Saadatagah Seyedmohammad , Sabde Yogesh Damodar , Sabour Siamak , Sadeghi Ehsan , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Safari Saeed , Safari Yahya , Safarpour Hamid , Sagar Rajesh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Sajadi S. Mohammad , Salahshoor Mohammad Reza , Salam Nasir , Salehi Farkhonde , Zahabi Saleh Salehi , Salem Hosni , Salem Marwa R. Rashad , Salimi Yahya , Salimzadeh Hamideh , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Sambala Evanson Zondani , Samy Abdallah M. , Santos Itamar S. , Jose Bruno Piassi Sao , Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer , Sarker Abdur Razzaque , Sartorius Benn , Sarveazad Arash , Sathian Brijesh , Satpathy Maheswar , Saxena Sonia , Sayyah Mehdi , Sbarra Alyssa N. , Schipp Megan F. , Schmidt Maria Inês , Schutte Aletta Elisabeth , Schwebel David C. , Senbeta Anbissa Muleta , Senthilkumaran Subramanian , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Shaahmadi Faramarz , Shafaat Omid , Shahabi Saeed , Shaikh Masood Ali , Shalash Ali S. , Shams-Beyranvand Mehran , Shamshirian Amir , Shamsizadeh Morteza , Shannawaz Mohammed , Sharafi Kiomars , Sharif Mehdi , Sharma Rajesh , Shehata Hatem Samir , Sheikhtaheri Abbas , Shibuya Kenji , Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw , Shigematsu Mika , Shin Jae Il , Shiri Rahman , Shirkoohi Reza , Shiue Ivy , Shuval Kerem , Siabani Soraya , Siddiqi Tariq J. , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Simonetti Biagio , Singh Ambrish , Singh Pushpendra , Singh Virendra , Singh Jasvinder A. , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Sinha Dhirendra Narain , Sintayehu Yitagesu , Sisay Malede Mequanent M. , Soheili Amin , Soleymani Bija , Soltani Farzaneh , Soltani Shahin , Soriano Joan B. , Sorrie Muluken Bekele , Soshnikov Sergey , Soyiri Ireneous N. , Spotin Adel , Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T. , Srivastava Rajni Kant Kant , Starodubova Antonina , Sudaryanto Agus , Sufiyan Mu’awiyyah Babale , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul , Sulo Gerhard , Sunguya Bruno F. , Sykes Bryan L. , Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael , Tabuchi Takahiro , Tadesse Birkneh Tilahun , Taherkhani Amir , Tamirat Koku Sisay , Tassew Segen Gebremeskel , Taveira Nuno , Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha , Tekulu Gebretsadkan Hintsa , Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Thomas Nihal , Titova Mariya Vladimirovna , Tlaye Kenean Getaneh , Tohidinik Hamid Reza , Tonelli Marcello , Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto , Traini Eugenio , Tran Khanh Bao , Tripathi Manjari , Uddin Riaz , Ullah Irfan , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Upadhyay Era , Useh Ushotanefe , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Uthman Olalekan A. , Vacante Marco , Vaezghasemi Masoud , Valdez Pascual R. , VanderHeide John , Varavikova Elena , Varughese Santosh , Vasankari Tommi Juhani , Vasseghian Yasser , Veisani Yousef , Venkatesh Srinivasaraghavan , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Verma Madhur , Vidale Simone , Violante Francesco S. , Vlassov Vasily , Vollmer Sebastian , Vukovic Rade , Waheed Yasir , Wang Haidong , Wang Yafeng , Wang Yuan-Pang , Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay , Werdecker Andrea , Wiangkham Taweewat , Wiens Kirsten E. , Wijeratne Tissa , Wolde Haileab Fekadu , Wondafrash Dawit Zewdu , Wonde Tewodros Eshete , Wondmieneh Adam Belay , Wu Ai-Min , Xu Gelin , Yadegar Abbas , Yadollahpour Ali , Jabbari Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh , Yamada Tomohide , Yano Yuichiro , Yaya Sanni , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Yeshaneh Alex , Yeshaw Yigizie , Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew , Yilma Mekdes Tigistu , Yip Paul , Yonemoto Naohiro , Yoon Seok-Jun , Youm Yoosik , Younis Mustafa Z. , Yousefi Zabihollah , Yousof Hebat-Allah Salah A. , Yu Chuanhua , Yusefzadeh Hasan , Moghadam Telma Zahirian , Zaki Leila , Zaman Sojib Bin , Zamani Mohammad , Zamanian Maryam , Zandian Hamed , Zarafshan Hadi , Zepro Nejimu Biza , Zerfu Taddese Alemu , Zewale Taye Abuhay , Zhang Yunquan , Zhang Zhi-Jiang , Zhao Xiu-Ju , Zodpey Sanjay , Zomorodian Kamiar , Zotor Francis Bruno , Afshin Ashkan , Hay Simon I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.