bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in customer due diligence for banks in the UAE
Authors: ElYacoubi Dina 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to unpack the customer due diligence (CDD) vulnerabilities and to examine and analyze the UAE specific dynamics that make the country exposed to these threats. This research also intends to put on the table suitable solutions and remedial action steps that the UAE government, regulators and financial institutions (FIs) can adopt.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is qualitative in nature.

Findings
Despite the impressive regulatory framework and the satisfactory practices by FIs, there still remains some UAE specific challenges that make it difficult to undertake CDD for certain customers. The challenges that were identified include difficulties in Arabic names, complications in identifying the beneficial owners, impediments in establishing the source of wealth/funds, concerns with politically exposed persons, the increasing cost of compliance that resulted in a pattern of de-risking within FIs.

Research limitations/implications
The international bodies whose mandate is to formulate the necessary anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism policies and regulations for global implementation together with Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS) have published sufficient studies on CDD-related issues in the UAE. Yet on the other hand, very limited literature was found by independent scholars. This paper will, therefore, largely reference publications by Financial Action Task Force, the International Narcotics Control Strategy Report and ACAMS. It will also include works by respected law firms that have operations in the UAE, local publications, government documents, academic papers by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, legal journals and others.

Originality/value
Illicit actors exploit the UAE’s relatively open business environment, a multitude of global banks and exchange houses and global transportation links to undertake illicit financial activity […] the UAE does not have any major anti-money laundering (AML) deficiencies. However, the monitoring of FIs for AML purposes, particularly in the area of CDD, could be improved. This paper unpacks the CDD vulnerabilities and analyzes the UAE specific dynamics that make the country exposed to these threats. This research also puts on the table suitable remedial action steps that the UAE government, regulators and FIs can adopt.
Green conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid by heterogeneous expression of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase in Pseudomonas putida S12
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Ting , Kuo Yang‐Cheng , Liu Yu‐Cheng , Tsai Shen‐Long 
Published: March 2020

SummaryTransforming petrochemical processes into bioprocesses has become an important goal of sustainable development. The chemical synthesis of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is expensive and environmentally unfavourable. The study aims to investigate a whole‐cell biocatalyst for efficient biotransformation of HMF to FDCA. For the first time, a genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida S12 strain expressing 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase (HMFO) was developed for the biocatalytic conversion of HMF to FDCA. This whole‐cell biocatalyst produced 35.7 mM FDCA from 50 mM HMF in 24 h without notable inhibition. However, when the initial HMF concentration was elevated to 100 mM, remarkable inhibition on FDCA production was observed, resulting in a reduction of FDCA yield to 42%. We solve this substrate inhibition difficulty by increasing the inoculum density. Subsequently, we used a fed‐batch strategy by maintaining low HMF concentration in the culture to maximize the final FDCA titre. Using this approach, 545 mM of FDCA was accumulatively produced after 72 hs, which is the highest production rate per unit mass of cells to the best of our knowledge.
Critical care transition programs on readmission or death: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Österlind Jonas , Gerhardsson Jakob , Myrberg Tomi 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundDeterioration after ICU discharge may lead to readmission or even death. Interventions (eg, critical care transition programs) have been developed to improve the clinical handover between the ICU and the ward. We conducted a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) according to Cochrane Handbook and Grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE) methodology to assess the impact of these interventions on readmission and death (PROSPERO, no CRD42019121746).MethodsWe searched PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials from inception until January 2019. We included historically controlled studies that evaluated critical care transition programs in adults discharged from the ICU. Readmission and in‐hospital mortality were the primary outcomes. Risk of bias, publications bias, and the quality of evidence were assessed with the ROBINS‐Itool, funnel plot and GRADE, respectively.ResultsFifteen observational studies were included (11 in meta‐analysis). All studies had at least serious risk of bias. ICU discharge within a critical care transition program modestly reduced the risk of readmission (RR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64‐0.96; TSA‐adjusted 95% CI: 0.59‐1.03) but not in‐hospital mortality (RR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.64‐1.06; TSA‐adjusted 95% CI: 0.49‐1.37). There was substantial heterogeneity among studies. TSA indicated lack of firm evidence. The GRADE quality of evidence on outcomes was very low.ConclusionsWe found no clear benefit in terms of reducing risk of readmission or death after ICU discharge, however, with overall very low certainty of evidence.
Outcomes With the Use of Bag–Valve–Mask Ventilation During Out‐of‐hospital Cardiac Arrest in the Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial
Authors: Lupton Joshua R. , Schmicker Robert H. , Stephens Shannon , Carlson Jestin N. , Callaway Clifton , Herren Heather , Idris Ahamed H. , Sopko George , Puyana Juan C. J. , Daya Mohamud R. , Wang Henry , Hansen Matt 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile emergency medical services (EMS) often use endotracheal intubation (ETI) or supraglottic airways (SGA), some patients receive only bag–valve–mask (BVM) ventilation during out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Our objective was to compare patient characteristics and outcomes for BVM ventilation to advanced airway management (AAM) in adults with OHCA.MethodsUsing data from the Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial, we identified patients receiving AAM (ETI or a SGA), BVM ventilation only (BVM‐only), and BVM ventilation as a rescue after at least one failed attempt at advanced airway placement (BVM‐rescue). The outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 72‐hour survival, survival to hospital discharge, neurologically intact survival (Modified Rankin Scale ≤ 3), and the presence of aspiration on a chest radiograph. Comparisons were made using generalized mixed‐effects models while adjusting for age, sex, initial rhythm, EMS‐witnessed status, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, response time, study cluster, and advanced life support first on scene.ResultsOf 3,004 patients enrolled, there were 282 BVM‐only, 2,129 AAM, and 156 BVM‐rescue patients with complete covariates. Shockable initial rhythms (34% vs. 18.6%) and EMS‐witnessed arrests (21.6% vs. 11.3%) were more likely in BVM‐only than AAM but similar between BVM‐rescue and AAM. Compared to AAM, BVM‐only patients had similar ROSC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96 to 1.73), but higher 72‐hour survival (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.42 to 2.69), survival to discharge (OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 3.03 to 6.59), and neurologically intact survival (OR = 7.05, 95% CI = 4.40 to 11.3). Compared to AAM, BVM‐rescue patients had similar ROSC (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.47 to 1.12) and 72‐hour survival (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.66 to 1.77) but higher survival to discharge (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.17 to 3.95) and neurologically intact survival (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.20 to 5.81). Aspiration incidence was similar.ConclusionsBag–valve–mask‐only ventilation is associated with improved OHCA outcomes. Despite similar rates of ROSC and 72‐hour survival, BVM‐rescue ventilation was associated with improved survival to discharge and neurologically intact survival compared to successful AAM.
Effects of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on flying insect visitor behaviour and fruit production in açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Martius)
Authors: Belém Sávio O , Guia Brendo P , Campbell Alistair J , Maués Marcia Motta , Viana Jessica H 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAçaí palm (Euterpe oleracea) production in the Amazon region has grown rapidly in recent decades to meet both domestic and international demand for the fruit. Understanding functional roles of different insects in açaí fruit production is essential for the development of sustainable management practices and the conservation of associated biodiversity in plantations. Ants play a variety of key roles in agroecosystems, particularly as predators, but may also influence crop pollination, either directly (as legitimate pollinators) or indirectly by altering behaviour/density of other flower visitors. Here, we compare flower visitor communities, behavioural interactions between ants and flying insects and fruit production in açaí inflorescences, under the experimental exclusion of ants. Flying insects differed in their response to experimental exclusion of ants, with bees and flies found in higher abundance on inflorescences where ants had been excluded. In contrast, beetles and wasps were unaffected by ant exclosure. Among bees, only medium‐sized species, but not small‐sized and large‐sized species, were affected by the presence of ants. However, fruit production on inflorescences did not differ among ant exclosure treatments. We found clear evidence that ants interfere with flying insects visiting açaí inflorescences, but these changes do not affect açaí fruit production, likely due to the large diversity of flying insects that contribute to pollination services. Therefore, given their potential role as pest natural enemies, control of ant colonies in plantations is not recommended.
Clinicopathologic and genetic features of multiple system atrophy with Lewy body disease
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Li Fuyao , Zhao Na , Roemer Shanu F. , Ferman Tanis J. , Wernick Anna I. , Walton Ronald L. , Faroqi Ayman H. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Cheshire William P. , Ross Owen A. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground: Abnormal aggregates of α‐synuclein are pathologic hallmarks of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Lewy body disease (LBD). LBD sometimes coexists with MSA, but the impact of co‐pathology, particularly diffuse LBD, on presentation of MSA has not been studied. We aimed to determine the frequency and clinicopathologic features of MSA with LBD (MSA+LBD). Methods: Using hematoxylin & eosin and α‐synuclein‐immunostained slides, we assessed the distribution and severity of LBD in 230 autopsy‐confirmed MSA patients collected from 1998 to 2018. Alzheimer‐type pathology was assessed to assign the likelihood of clinical presentations of dementia with Lewy body (DLB) using the consensus criteria for DLB. We reviewed medical records to characterize clinicopathologic features of MSA+LBD. Genetic risk factors for LBD, including APOE ε4 allele and mutations in GBA, SNCA, LRRK2, and VPS35, were analyzed. Results: LBD was observed in 11 MSA patients (5%); seven were brainstem type, three were transitional type, and one was diffuse type. The latter four had an intermediate or high likelihood of DLB. Three of the four had an antemortem diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) or clinically probable DLB. Two patients had neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, but not in striatal or olivocerebellar systems with widespread glial cytoplasmic inclusions, consistent with minimal change MSA. In these cases, LBD was considered the primary pathology, and MSA was considered coincidental. APOE ε4 allele frequency was not different between MSA+LBD and MSA without LBD. Two of nine MSA+LBD patients had a risk variant of GBA (p.T408M and p.E365K). Conclusions: Although rare, MSA with transitional or diffuse LBD can develop clinical features of PDD or DLB. Minimal change MSA can be interpreted as a coincidental, but distinct, α‐synucleinopathy in a subset of patients with diffuse LBD.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G‐associated disease
Authors: Kaneko Kimihiko , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Misu Tatsuro , Nakashima Ichiro , Fujihara Kazuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a minor myelin protein localized at the outermost layer of the myelin sheath. Cell‐based assays to detect conformation‐sensitive MOG‐immunoglobulin G (IgG) have identified a unique group of patients with optic neuritis, acute/multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis, encephalitides (brainstem and cerebral cortical), myelitis and aquaporin‐4 IgG‐negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. MOG‐IgG‐associated disease affects both children and adults, and the female : male ratio is almost 1:1. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination shows pleocytosis of mononuclear or polymorphonuclear cells during acute exacerbation, but oligoclonal IgG bands are usually negative. CSF‐myelin basic protein levels are high, but CSF‐glial fibrillary acidic protein is not elevated, suggesting demyelination. CSF‐cytokines related to T helper cell‐17, B cells and neutrophils are remarkably upregulated, which is similar to aquaporin‐4 IgG‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, but distinct from multiple sclerosis. As for treatment of MOG‐IgG‐associated disease, high‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone is commonly used in the acute phase, but it has not been established which patients require long‐term immunosuppression and which drugs should be chosen to prevent relapse. There have been some recent studies to support the pathogenicity of MOG‐IgG in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, MOG‐IgG‐associated disease seems to be a unique inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, but further research is required to clarify the clinical and epidemiological features, treatment strategy, and the underlying pathology.
Bridging information domains to improve ecological understanding of biological invasions in a marine ecosystem
Authors: Rothenberger Megan , Armstrong Andrea , Gaugler Trent , Massaro Sarah , Pfadenhauer William , Ventresca Juliana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe devised a practical method for integrating information on 2 marine invasive species using 3 different approaches: standardized ecological monitoring, online‐reporting databases, and surveys of anglers and crabbers. Focusing on 2 recently introduced species with different characteristics, the Asian shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) and Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), in the Hudson‐Raritan watershed of New York and New Jersey, we used sensitivity analyses to explore the relative contribution of each information source to knowledge of species abundance and distribution. All 3 information sources contributed something unique to understanding abundance and distribution of the introduced crabs. Online and survey data on Asian shore crabs significantly affected predictions of abundance, whereas monitoring data did not. When survey data were omitted, abundance estimates were unchanged over time, but when they were included, the model predicted an increased abundance in 2012. All 3 data sets for the Asian shore crab significantly affected estimates of species coverage; surveys had the biggest influence, increasing range size by 4097.25 km2. For the catadromous Chinese mitten crab, ecological monitoring data collected in freshwater shortly after the original sighting significantly shaped model estimates for abundance and documented the establishment phase of the mitten crab in an area outside the spatial scope of the surveyed resource users. However, the survey data significantly enlarged mitten crab range‐size estimates by 6498.01 km2. By demonstrating that data integration produced an image of the invasion process that would not have emerged had we used any 1 method individually, model results provide evidence for the advantages of an interdisciplinary approach.
Selecting effective features on prediction of delay in servicing ships arriving to ports using a combination of Clonal Selection and Grey Wolf Optimization algorithms—Case study: Shahid Rajaee port in Bandar Abbas
Authors: Golzari Shahram , Shabani Haji Mojtaba , Khalili Abdullah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPredicting the delay in servicing incoming ships to ports is crucial for maritime transportation. In this study, we use support vector regression (SVR) in order to accurately predict this delay for ships arriving to the terminal No. 1 of Shahid Rajaee's port in Bandar Abbas. To achieve this goal, a combination of Clonal Selection and Grey Wolf Optimization algorithms (named as CLOGWO) is used for two purposes: (i) selecting the most important features among the features that affect prediction of this delay and (ii) optimizing SVR parameters for a more accurate prediction. Performance of the proposed method was compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA), Clonal Selection (CS), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms on the following metrics: correlation, rate of feature reduction, root mean square error (RMSE), and normalized RMSE (NRMSE). Evaluations on Shahid Rajaee dataset showed that the mean value of these metrics in 10 independent runs of the proposed method were 0.867, 74.45%, 0.080, and 9.02, respectively. These results and evaluations on standard datasets indicate that the proposed method provides competitive results with other evolutionary algorithms.
Immigration, policing, and the politics of time
Authors: Boyce Geoffrey A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article argues for time and temporality as a critical dimension in the dialectical articulation of im/migration struggles. To make this case, the article draws on an emerging body of interdisciplinary scholarship on the temporal dimensions of im/migration and of im/migration policing. It then uses this framework to explore a host of anti‐im/migrant initiatives currently unfolding in North America under the geopolitical leadership of Donald J. Trump. Contextualizing these initiatives within a longer genealogy of im/migration and im/migration policing across the continent, the article affirms scholarly characterizations of im/migrants' desires and aspirations as a “creative force” that “structurally exceed” border controls (The contested politics of mobility: Borderzones and irregularity); but it also argues a need for greater scholarly attention to how the violence associated with im/migration policing generates nonlinear im/migration dynamics and recursive pressures on nation‐state borders and their police apparatus over the long durée. The article concludes by considering the theoretical, political, and empirical stakes of a conceptual shift in emphasis from space to time in the study of im/migration and im/migration policing, and then offers several concrete suggestions for further inquiry.
Multiple Cranial Nerve Blocks as an Alternative Preventative Therapy for Chronic Migraine
Authors: Fernandes Linford , Khan Nashaba , Dobson Jessica , Randall Marc , Idrovo Luis 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the efficacy of multiple cranial nerve blocks (MCNBs) as a preventative therapy for chronic migraine.BackgroundMCNBs, namely greater occipital nerve (GON) blocks, are frequently used for the acute and transitional treatment of migraine. There is little evidence on the efficacy of repeated MCNBs as a preventative treatment for chronic migraine.DesignThis single‐center, prospective cohort study collected demographic and outcome data on chronic migraine patients who had MCNBs in the headache service between June 2017 and March 2019. Outcome measures included reduction in headache days, Headache Impact Test 6 (HIT6) scores and patient‐reported effectiveness of the blocks.ResultsOutcomes for 64 patients with a diagnosis of chronic migraine or chronic migraine with aura (MWA) were collected. Average age at first block procedure was 41 years (range 21‐72) with a female predominance of 54/64 patients (84%). About 37/64 patients (58%) had repetitive occipital nerve blocks only, and 27/64 patients (42%) had occipital and trigeminal nerve blocks. Mean (±SD) reduction in headache days post‐MCNBs was 5.4 (±5.0) days and mean (±SD) reduction in HIT6 scores was 5.3 (±10.3). About 42/64 patients (66%) responded to the MCNBs with at least a 30% reduction in headache days. Mean (±SD) duration of effect was 5.7 (±5.4) weeks. About 13/64 of the patients transformed to low‐frequency episodic migraine on follow‐up. About 22/64 patients (34%) showed no reduction in headache days or HIT6 scores. About 9/112 (8%) instances of minor post block complications were documented with a total of 501 injections.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that repetitive MCNBs could provide effective prevention in patients with chronic migraine.
TGF‐β/Smad and JAK/STAT pathways are involved in the anti‐fibrotic effects of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate on hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Xu Shizan , Mao Yuqing , Wu Jianye , Feng Jiao , Li Jingjing , Wu Liwei , Yu Qiang , Zhou Yuting , Zhang Jie , Chen Jiaojiao , Ji Jie , Chen Kan , Wang Fan , Dai Weiqi , Fan Xiaoming , Guo Chuanyong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiver fibrosis, a consequence of unhealthy modern lifestyles, has a growing impact on human health, particularly in developed countries. Here, we have explored the anti‐fibrotic effects of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate (PSS), a natural extract from brown algae, in fibrotic mice and cell models. Thus, we established bile duct ligature and carbon tetrachloride mouse models and LX‐2 cell models with or without PSS treatment. Liver pathological sections and the relevant indicators in serum and liver tissues were examined. PSS prevented hepatic injury and fibrosis to a significant extent, and induced up‐regulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and down‐regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 through suppressing the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smad pathway. PSS additionally exerted an anti‐autophagy effect through suppressing the Janus kinase (JAK) 2/transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. In conclusion, PSS prevents hepatic fibrosis by suppressing inflammation, promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) decomposition and inactivating hepatic stellate cells through mechanisms involving the TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in vivo and in vitro.