bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cxcl12 Deletion in Mesenchymal Cells Increases Bone Turnover and Attenuates the Loss of Cortical Bone Caused by Estrogen Deficiency in Mice
Authors: Ponte Filipa , Kim Ha-Neui , Iyer Srividhya , Han Li , Almeida Maria , Manolagas Stavros C 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
CXCL12 is abundantly expressed in reticular cells associated with the perivascular niches of the bone marrow (BM) and is indispensable for B lymphopoiesis. Cxcl12 promotes osteoclastogenesis and has been implicated in pathologic bone resorption. We had shown earlier that estrogen receptor α deletion in osteoprogenitors and estrogen deficiency in mice increase Cxcl12 mRNA and protein levels in the BM plasma, respectively. We have now generated female and male mice with conditional deletion of a Cxcl12 allele in Prrx1 targeted cells (Cxcl12∆Prrx1) and show herein that they have a 90% decrease in B lymphocytes but increased erythrocytes and adipocytes in the marrow. Ovariectomy increased the expression of Cxcl12 and B-cell number in the Cxcl12f/f control mice, but these effects were abrogated in the Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice. Cortical bone mass was not affected in Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice. Albeit, the cortical bone loss caused by ovariectomy was greatly attenuated. Most unexpectedly, the rate of bone turnover in sex steroid–sufficient female or male Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice was dramatically increased, as evidenced by a more than twofold increase in several osteoblast- and osteoclast-specific mRNAs, as well as increased mineral apposition and bone formation rate and increased osteoclast number in the endosteal surface. The magnitude of the Cxcl12∆Prrx1-induced changes were much greater than those caused by ovariectomy or orchidectomy in the Cxcl12f/f mice. These results strengthen the evidence that CXCL12 contributes to the loss of cortical bone mass caused by estrogen deficiency. Moreover, they reveal for the first time that in addition to its effects on hematopoiesis, CXCL12 restrains bone turnover—without changing the balance between resorption and formation—by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and the osteoclastogenesis support provided by cells of the osteoblast lineage. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Enteroendocrine K Cells Exert Complementary Effects to Control Bone Quality and Mass in Mice
Authors: Gobron Benoît , Bouvard Béatrice , Vyavahare Sagar , Blom Liv VV , Pedersen Kristian K , Windeløv Johanne A , Boer Geke A , Harada Norio , Zhang Sheng , Shimazu-Kuwahara Satoko , Wice Burton , Inagaki Nobuya , Legrand Erick , Flatt Peter R , Chappard Daniel , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J , Rosenkilde Mette M , Irwin Nigel , Mabilleau Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The involvement of a gut-bone axis in controlling bone physiology has been long suspected, although the exact mechanisms are unclear. We explored whether glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)-producing enteroendocrine K cells were involved in this process. The bone phenotype of transgenic mouse models lacking GIP secretion (GIP-GFP-KI) or enteroendocrine K cells (GIP-DT) was investigated. Mice deficient in GIP secretion exhibited lower bone strength, trabecular bone mass, trabecular number, and cortical thickness, notably due to higher bone resorption. Alterations of microstructure, modifications of bone compositional parameters, represented by lower collagen cross-linking, were also apparent. None of these alterations were observed in GIP-DT mice lacking enteroendocrine K cells, suggesting that another K-cell secretory product acts to counteract GIP action. To assess this, stable analogues of the known K-cell peptide hormones, xenin and GIP, were administered to mature NIH Swiss male mice. Both were capable of modulating bone strength mostly by altering bone microstructure, bone gene expression, and bone compositional parameters. However, the two molecules exhibited opposite actions on bone physiology, with evidence that xenin effects are mediated indirectly, possibly via neural networks. Our data highlight a previously unknown interaction between GIP and xenin, which both moderate gut-bone connectivity. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Changes in Skeletal Microstructure Through Four Continuous Years of rhPTH(1–84) Therapy in Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Cusano Natalie E , Rubin Mishaela R , Williams John M , Agarwal Sanchita , Tabacco Gaia , Tay Donovan , Majeed Rukshana , Omeragic Beatriz , Bilezikian John P 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone remodeling is reduced in hypoparathyroidism, resulting in increased areal bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and abnormal skeletal indices by transiliac bone biopsy. We have now studied skeletal microstructure by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) through 4 years of treatment with recombinant human PTH(1–84) (rhPTH[1–84]) in 33 patients with hypoparathyroidism (19 with postsurgical disease, 14 idiopathic). We calculated Z-scores for our cohort compared with previously published normative values. We report results at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 years of continuous therapy with rhPTH(1–84). The majority of patients (62%) took rhPTH(1–84) 100 μg every other day for the majority of the 4 years. At 48 months, areal bone density increased at the lumbar spine (+4.9% ± 0.9%) and femoral neck (+2.4% ± 0.9%), with declines at the total hip (−2.3% ± 0.8%) and ultradistal radius (−2.1% ± 0.7%) (p &lt; .05 for all). By HR-pQCT, at the radius site, very similar to the ultradistal DXA site, total volumetric BMD declined from baseline but remained above normative values at 48 months (Z-score + 0.56). Cortical volumetric BMD was lower than normative controls at baseline at the radius and tibia (Z-scores −1.28 and − 1.69, respectively) and further declined at 48 months (−2.13 and − 2.56, respectively). Cortical porosity was higher than normative controls at baseline at the tibia (Z-score + 0.72) and increased through 48 months of therapy at both sites (Z-scores +1.80 and + 1.40, respectively). Failure load declined from baseline at both the radius and tibia, although remained higher than normative controls at 48 months (Z-scores +1.71 and + 1.17, respectively). This is the first report of noninvasive high-resolution imaging in a cohort of hypoparathyroid patients treated with any PTH therapy for this length of time. The results give insights into the effects of long-term rhPTH(1–84) in hypoparathyroidism. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
High‐dose atorvastatin improves vascular endothelial function in patients with leukoaraiosis
Authors: Xue Jianan , Wu Zhisheng , Gong Shujie , Qin Shengying , Gu Aiming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveLeukoaraiosis (LA), as an age‐related white matter degeneration, is mainly caused by chronic ischemia. Our study aims to explore the efficacy of different doses of atorvastatin (ATV) in the vascular endothelial function in patients with LA.MethodsOur study enrolled 402 LA patients who were then randomly included as control or treated with ATV (10 mg), ATV (20 mg), or ATV (30 mg). The total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) were detected by enzyme colorimetric assay. The high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) level, reactive hyperemia index (RHI), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) content, and nitric oxide (NO) level were tested by latex agglutination test, peripheral arterial tonometry technology, radioimmunoassay, and nitrate reductase assay, respectively.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of ATV treatment, the levels of TC, LDL‐C, and HS‐CRP decreased significantly, and the trends were demonstrated in a more significant way with the increases of dose of ATV. The treatment with ATV at different doses elevated NO level and RHI and declined ET‐1 content. Gastrointestinal reaction, muscular pain, and increased aminopherase were observed after treatment with the ATV at different doses with more obvious symptoms detected accompanied by the increase of the dose. The RHI was in negative correlation with the ET‐1 and HS‐CRP while in positive correlation with NO.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that ATV can significantly improve the vascular endothelial function in LA patients with a dose‐dependent effect.
Sources and Channels of International Knowledge Spillovers in ASEAN‐5: The Role of Institutional Quality
Authors: Dogan Ergun , Wong Koi Nyen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a dynamic and outward‐looking regional economy, which has made notable progress in expanding trade and investment. This paper examines whether knowledge spillovers are prevalent among ASEAN‐5, focusing on the issues of which channels and which sources are the potential drivers of total factor productivity. The findings reveal that the key spillover channels are exports and non‐capital imports coming from source countries such as the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries, the G7 countries. The institutional quality plays an instrumental role in increasing total factor productivity through foreign direct investment, especially when the spillovers originate from the OECD and the G7. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards Automated Quantification of Vessel Wall Composition Using MRI
Authors: Ziegler Magnus , Good Elin , Engvall Jan , Warntjes Marcel , de Muinck Ebo , Dyverfeldt Petter 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundMRI can be used to generate fat fraction (FF) and R2* data, which have been previously shown to characterize the plaque compositional features lipid‐rich necrotic core (LRNC) and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in the carotid arteries (CAs). Previously, these data were extracted from CA plaques using time‐consuming manual analyses.PurposeTo design and demonstrate a method for segmenting the CA and extracting data describing the composition of the vessel wall.Study TypeProspective.Subjects31 subjects from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).Field Strength/SequencesT1‐weighted (T1W) quadruple inversion recovery, contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA), and 4‐point Dixon data were acquired at 3T.AssessmentThe vessel lumen of the CA was automatically segmented using support vector machines (SVM) with CE‐MRA data, and the vessel wall region was subsequently delineated. Automatically generated segmentations were quantitatively measured and three observers visually compared the segmentations to manual segmentations performed on T1w images. Dixon data were used to generate FF and R2* maps. Both manually and automatically generated segmentations of the CA and vessel wall were used to extract compositional data.Statistical TestsTwo‐tailed t‐tests were used to examine differences between results generated using manual and automated analyses, and among different configurations of the automated method. Interobserver agreement was assessed with Fleiss' kappa.ResultsAutomated segmentation of the CA using SVM had a Dice score of 0.89 ± 0.02 and true‐positive ratio 0.93 ± 0.03 when compared against ground truth, and median qualitative score of 4/5 when assessed visually by multiple observers. Vessel wall regions of 0.5 and 1 mm yielded compositional information similar to that gained from manual analyses. Using the 0.5 mm vessel wall region, the mean difference was 0.1 ± 2.5% considering FF and 1.1 ± 5.7[1/s] for R2*.Level of Evidence1.Technical Efficacy Stage1. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:710–719.
Acetabular reconstruction with an ice‐cream cone prosthesis following resection of pelvic tumors: Does computer navigation improve surgical outcome?
Authors: Fujiwara Tomohiro , Sree Deepak V. , Stevenson Jonathan , Kaneuchi Yoichi , Parry Michael , Tsuda Yusuke , Le Nail Louis‐Romée , Medellin Ricardo M. , Grimer Robert , Jeys Lee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAcetabular reconstruction with a coned‐stem prosthesis has been one of the reliable procedures following pelvic tumor resections but is associated with a risk of complications and postoperative morbidity. We investigated whether navigated reconstruction could decrease the complication rate and optimize outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 33 patients who underwent acetabular resection and reconstruction with ice‐cream cone prostheses; outcomes were compared between the navigated and nonnavigated groups.ResultsA clear margin was obtained in 91% and 82% of the navigated and nonnavigated groups, respectively. The local recurrence (LR) rate was 12%, and all LRs occurred in the nonnavigated group. The rate of major complications requiring surgical intervention was significantly lower in the navigated group (9%) than in the nonnavigated group (50%; P = .024). Two implant failures occurred in the nonnavigated group. Functional outcomes were significantly correlated with the occurrence of major complications (P = .010) and the use of navigation (P = .043); superior functional scores were observed in the navigated group (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, 73% vs 55%; Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, 73% vs 56%).ConclusionIce‐cream cone prosthesis is an acceptable reconstruction modality following periacetabular tumor resections, and computer navigation are useful to facilitate proper resection margins and implant position.
The amount of signet ring cells is significantly associated with tumour stage and survival in gastric poorly cohesive tumours
Authors: Bencivenga Maria , Treppiedi Elio , Dal Cero Mariagiulia , Torroni Lorena , Verlato Giuseppe , Iglesias Mar , Renaud Florence , Tomezzoli Anna , Castelli Claudia , Piessen Guillaume , Pera Manuel , de Manzoni Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether the amount of signet ring cells (SRCs) affects clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of poorly cohesive (PC) gastric tumours.Study designOne hundred seventy‐three patients with PC tumours treated at three European centres from 2004 to 2014 were reclassified in three categories: (a) pure SRC cancers (SRC1) (≥90% SRCs); (b) PC carcinoma with SRC component (SRC2) (>10%, <90% SRCs); (c) PC carcinoma not otherwise specified (SRC3) (≤10% SRCs).ResultsThe percentage of SRCs was inversely related to the pT stage (Spearman's ρ = −0.174, P < .001) and the number of positive nodes coded as a continuous variable (P = .009). Five year cancer‐related survival was significantly higher (58%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 36%‐75%) in SRC1 compared with SRC2 (39%, 95% CI: 28%‐50%) and SRC3 (38%, 95% CI: 22%‐53%), (P = .048). In multivariable analysis, the impact of PC categories on cancer‐related survival was significant when controlling for sex, age, pT, pN, and curativity (hazard ratio [HR] of sSRC2 vs SRC1 = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.01‐4.29, P = .046; HR of SRC3 vs SRC1 = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.05‐5.41, P = .039).ConclusionThe percentage of SRCs was inversely related to tumour aggressiveness, with long‐term survival significantly higher in SRC1 compared with SRC2 and SRC3 tumours.
Interconnected effects of shrubs, invertebrate‐derived macropores and soil texture on water infiltration in a semi‐arid savanna rangeland
Authors: Marquart Arnim , Eldridge David J. , Geissler Katja , Lobas Christoph , Blaum Niels 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany semi arid savannas are prone to degradation, caused for example, by overgrazing or extreme climatic events, which often lead to shrub encroachment. Overgrazing by livestock affects vegetation and infiltration processes by directly altering plant composition (selective grazing) or by impacting soil physical properties (trampling). Water infiltration is controlled by several parameters, such as macropores (created by soil‐burrowing animals or plant roots) and soil texture, but their effects have mostly been studied in isolation. Here we report on a study, in which we conducted infiltration experiments to analyze the interconnected effects of invertebrate‐created macropores, shrubs and soil texture (sandy soil and loamy sand) on infiltration in two Namibian rangelands. Using structural equation modeling, we found a direct positive effect of shrub size on infiltration and indirectly via invertebrate macropores on both soil types. On loamy sands this effect was even stronger, but additionally, invertebrate‐created macropores became relevant as a direct driver of infiltration. Our results provide new insights into the effects of vegetation and invertebrates on infiltration under different soil textures. Pastoralists should use management strategies that maintain a heterogeneous plant community that supports soil fauna to sustain healthy soil water dynamics, particularly on soils with higher loam content. Understanding the fundamental functioning of soil water dynamics in drylands is critical because these ecosystems are water‐limited and support the livelihoods of many cultures worldwide.
Effect of selective logging on soil microbial communities in a Pinus yunnanensis forest
Authors: Li Shuaifeng , Huang Xiaobo , Lang Xuedong , Xu Fandi , Li Hongyun , Zheng Meixiang , Su Jianrong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSelective logging strongly affects forest structure and functions, which has direct and indirect effects on the soil microbial community. However, the effect of selective logging on soil microbial community composition remains unclear. We analyzed the soil microbial diversity and community composition in a pine (Pinus yunnanensis) forest using the Illumina platform for bacterial and fungal sequencing. The results showed that selective logging significantly altered most soil properties and stand attributes. Dominant phyla abundance varied significantly with change of selective logging intensity, affecting soil microbial community composition. The diversity of bacterial community decreased with the increase of selective logging intensity, whereas the diversity of fungi initially decreased and then increased. Soil properties accounted for most of the variation in the soil microbial communities, followed by stand attributes. Stand density (SD), soil pH, and soil moisture directly influenced the diversity of the bacterial communities, and understory species richness (USR), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil hydrolysable nitrogen (HN) also directly influenced bacterial community composition. However, selective logging intensity affected the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities indirectly via SD, soil pH, HN, SOC, and USR. Similarly, the intensity of selective logging directly affected the diversity of fungal communities and also showed indirect effect on it via SD, soil pH, SOC, HN, C:N ratio, and soil available potassium. Further, selective logging intensity indirectly affected fungal community composition via soil available phosphorus. Our findings could be used to predict the change in the soil microbial community for the management of P. yunnanensis forest.
Landscape metrics as a tool for analysis of urban pedodiversity
Authors: Pindral Sylwia , Kot Rafał , Hulisz Piotr , Charzyński Przemysław 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLandscape metrics play an important role in pedodiversity studies. Despite considerable research on pedodiversity, there is a lack of standardised methods for assessing the degree of soil cover diversity, especially in the urban area. Hence, in this work, we propose a new approach for spatial analyses of the urban soils using landscape metrics. The aim of the study was to develop a qualitative–quantitative landscape‐metrics‐based method for the pedodiversity measurement and the degree of soils' transformation. The research included: selection of input data (cartographic materials), data digitisation, development of an urban soil map and a soil transformation map, creation of a hexagonal grid within the city's administrative boundaries, calculation of eight landscape metrics and their statistical selection, and finally, development of the maps based on original pedodiversity index. Despite the homogeneous initial soil cover of the city, the present, human‐transformed soil cover is relatively heterogeneous by urban soil complexes and the degree of soil transformation. The developed method allows areas of greatest landscape fragmentation to be identified, and thereby to precisely indicate the areas of the most strongly human‐transformed soils and fertile soil losses, which can support urban spatial planning and landscape design.
The Cinderella moment: Exploring consumers' motivations to engage with renting as collaborative luxury consumption mode
Authors: Pantano Eleonora , Stylos Nikolaos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPast literature argued that the purchase of luxury goods is driven by people's motivation to conform or fit into our economic and social system. In this study, the authors focus on a new aspect of consumption, that is, renting instead of purchasing luxury goods, backed by the emerging opportunities of sharing economy platforms. Drawing upon the analysis of spontaneous consumers' online communications (in the form of tweets), this study aims to investigate the motivations to engage with luxury garment renting within a collaborative consumption context. To this end, a series of automatic content analyses, via two studies, were conducted using the tweets posted with respect to the Run the Runway collaborative consumption platform. Results demonstrate consumers' increased willingness to show their social status through renting rather than owning luxurious apparel based on five main motivators (need to wear new clothes for a special event, inspirations created by the products/brands, possibility to explore a new way of consuming luxury goods, need to make more sustainable choices, and to increase the life cycle of each luxury product). The implications of these findings are discussed, while they pave the way for future research in collaborative consumption of luxury retailing.
RETRACTED: Forensic features and genetic background exploration of a new 47‐autosomal InDel panel in five representative Han populations residing in Northern China
Authors: Song Feng , Lang Min , Li Luyao , Luo Haibo , Hou Yiping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInsertion/deletion (InDel) analysis plays an indispensable role in human identification, population genetics, and biogeographic research. Profiles of individuals in forensic applications worldwide based on a set of autosomal InDel loci (A‐InDels) in human genomes have been widely used over the past few years.MethodsThe new AGCU InDel 50 Kit contains 47 well‐chosen A‐InDels, ensuring high discriminatory power, and the 2 Y chromosome InDel loci (Y‐InDels) are used for sex determination in case of allele dropout at Amelogenin. In this study, five Northern Han populations residing in different geographic areas of China were recruited and genotyped using the assay.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction, all 47 A‐InDels were in accordance with the lack of significant departures of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in all loci and investigated groups. The combined probability of discrimination and the probability of exclusion in the Han population range from 1–3.2240 × 10–19 to 1–1.3030 × 10–19 and 0.9997, respectively. A comprehensive population genetic relationship investigation between Han Chinese and 26 worldwide populations based on allele frequency correlation was carried out. Our results revealed no significant genetic differentiation in Chinese Han groups. Hierarchical clustering, phylogenetic relationship reconstructions, multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and structure analysis were performed, and the results indicated that, genetically, Han populations are closely related to East Asians.ConclusionOverall, this novel 47 A‐InDel assay is a valuable tool that could potentially be used for forensic identification and parentage tests.