bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘TIEF / IN DER ZEITENSCHRUNDE’: READING TIME IN PAUL CELAN'S POETICS
Authors: Olschner Leonard 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTConcepts of time play a crucial role at the centre of Paul Celan's poetics and poetry, though not in any formal, systematic, or schematic sense, even when they appear to be informed by the philosophy of, for example, Martin Heidegger or Edmund Husserl. Celan expands this notion beyond any mere idea of time as one theme among others, or time as a mere measurable quantity, to include and integrate historical time, especially with reference to the Shoah and the so‐called ‘Goll‐Affäre’. In Celan's work, time becomes a structure upon and around which he explores the limits of the sayable or the ineffable. Examples of this can be seen in his early to late poetry, in his various writings on poetics, and not least in the extensive notes he made when writing Der Meridian, his acceptance speech for the Georg Büchner Prize. This article looks at three poems: ‘Regenflieder’ (1943), ‘Köln, Am Hof’ (1957), and ‘Rebleute’ (1970), all of which approach notions of time differently, along with two translations (Guillaume Apollinaire, Jean Daive). The consistency inherent in Celan's poetic vision is suggested by the simultaneity of his images and poetic insights.
TALKING BACK: SHARON DODUA OTOO'S HERR GRÖTTRUP SETZT SICH HIN AND THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF RESISTANCE
Authors: Colvin Sarah 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTSharon Dodua Otoo has called the artistic production of Black and of Colour writers in contemporary Germany ‘eine Praxis des Widerstands’. Here I read her Bachmann‐prizewinning story Herr Gröttrup setzt sich hin through the lens of Jamika Ajalon's conception of a fugitive archetype of resistance, which is, I argue, simultaneously a working definition of a literary work of art. I also read the story as a literary investigation of the phenomenon Miranda Fricker has called epistemic injustice (‘a wrong done to someone specifically in their capacity as a knower’). Fricker's articulation of epistemic injustice has helped spark an ‘epistemic turn’ across disciplines. I refer particularly to José Medina's development of her work in his Epistemology of Resistance (2013). Subaltern subjects, argues Medina, can gain an epistemic advantage because they have to work harder cognitively, maintaining ‘two cognitive perspectives simultaneously’. Theorists of epistemic injustice strikingly often rely for their arguments on literary fiction, which has long been alerting its readers to epistemic injustice and its painful or lethal consequences. Otoo, I argue, uses storytelling and humour to offer both the epistemically privileged Gröttrups and her epistemically privileged readers opportunities to understand and transcend their cognitive limitations.
Comparisons of three‐dimensional urban forms in different urban expansion types: 58 sample cities in China
Authors: Rao Yingxue , Zhou Jiang , Zhou Min , He Qingsong , Wu Jiayu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraditional studies of urban spatial expansion typically focus on a single vertical or horizontal dimension and rarely consider the two together. Using 58 cities in China as examples, this paper first identifies the urban growth pattern (UGP) of newly built‐up land patches in each city from 1995 to 2015 horizontally. It then compares and analyses the distribution patterns of three‐dimensional buildings in different UGP patches vertically. There were two important findings: (a) Building patterns in the outlying patches were characterized by low density, high floor numbers, and smooth changes. The infilling patches represented compact development and had the lowest average building height. Edge patches had the highest average number of floors, the most dramatic floor variability, and the lowest utilization rate of three‐dimensional space. (b) In western cities, building distribution characteristics in outlying patches were similar and formed clusters. The distribution characteristics of buildings in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei urban agglomeration edge patches, as well as those in the northeast urban agglomeration infilling patches, were similar, forming clusters of different types. The results of this paper will contribute to an understanding of both sprawl and the compact development of Chinese cities and will provide international comparative examples.
Enhanced retinoid response by a combination of the vitamin A ester retinyl propionate with niacinamide and a flavonoid containing Ceratoniasiliqua extract in retinoid responsive invitro models
Authors: Lam E.C.S. , Li R. , Rodrigues M.R. , Vires L. , Adams R.L. , Sherrill J.D. , Oblong J.E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesRetinoids have been used for decades as efficacious topical agents to treat photoaged skin. The purpose of our present research is to evaluate whether the activity of the vitamin A ester retinyl propionate (RP) can be enhanced by niacinamide (Nam) and a flavonoid containing Ceratonia siliqua (CS) fruit extract in retinoid responsive in vitro models.MethodsRetinyl propionate was tested alone and in combination with Nam and CS in an RARα reporter cell line for promoter activation and compared to trans‐retinoic acid (tRA) activation. These treatments were also tested in keratinocytes for gene expression profiling by qPCR using a panel of 40 retinoid responsive genes.ResultstRA or RP elicited RARα reporter activation in a dose‐dependent manner. The combination of 0.5 μM or 2 μM RP with 10 mM Nam had a 56% and 95% signal increase compared to RP, respectively. The addition of 1% CS to 0.5 μM or 2 μM RP with 10 mM Nam elicited a further increase of 114% and 156%, respectively, over RP and Nam combinations. All retinoids elicited an increase in expression of 40 retinoid sensitive genes over control levels. Of the 40 genes, 27 were enhanced by either 0.1 μM RP or 0.5 μM RP with 10 mM Nam and 1% CS. Nam or CS had very modest activity in both models.ConclusionThe combination of RP with Nam and CS showed a higher retinoid response than RP in two separate retinoid responsive in vitro models. We hypothesize Nam and CS enhances RP activity by modulating metabolism to tRA via increasing NAD+ pools and inhibiting reduction of retinal (RAL) back to retinol, respectively. The findings provide evidence that this combination may have enhanced efficacy for treating the appearance of photoaged skin.
ESTIMATING TEMPTATION AND COMMITMENT OVER THE LIFE CYCLE
Authors: Kovacs Agnes , Low Hamish , Moran Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article estimates the importance of temptation for consumption smoothing and asset accumulation in a life‐cycle model. We use two complementary estimation strategies: first, we estimate the model‐implied Euler equation; second, we match liquid and illiquid wealth accumulation using the method of simulated moments. In both cases, we find that the utility cost of temptation is one‐quarter of the utility benefit of consumption. Further, temptation is crucial for correctly estimating the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS): EIS estimates are biased downward when ignoring temptation. Finally, the model only matches the share of illiquid wealth if temptation is in the preference specification.
Asexuality
Authors: Brunning Luke , McKeever Natasha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAsexuality is overlooked in the philosophical literature and in wider society. Such neglect produces incomplete or inaccurate accounts of romantic life and harms asexual people. We develop an account of asexuality to redress this neglect and enrich discussion of romantic life. Asexual experiences are diverse. Some asexual people have sex; some have romantic relationships in the absence of sex. We accept the common definition of asexuality as the absence of sexual attraction and explain how sexual attraction and sexual desire differ by giving an affordance‐like account of sexual attraction. Armed with that distinction, we show that asexuality is clearly different from celibacy or disorders of desire and that some existing philosophical theories of sexual desire struggle to accommodate asexual sexuality. We then build on asexual testimony about the diversity of non‐sexual attractions to answer two common objections levelled at asexual romance: that romantic relationships require sexual attraction or that sex in the absence of sexual attraction is insufficiently focused on someone as an individual. Finally, we describe some of the ways asexuality has been erased or denigrated in society, and the specific injustices and harms that result.
Vibration attraction response is a plastic trait in blind Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), variable within subpopulations inhabiting the same cave
Authors: Espinasa Luis , Heintz Carly , Rétaux Sylvie , Yoshisawa Masato , Agnès François , Ornelas‐Garcia Patricia , Balogh‐Robinson Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnimals evolve their sensory systems and foraging behaviours to adapt and colonize new and challenging habitats such as the dark cave environment. Vibration attraction behaviour (VAB) gives fish the ability to locate the source of a water disturbance in the darkness. VAB evolved in the blind Mexican cave tetra, Astyanax mexicanus. VAB is triggered in cavefish by vibration stimuli peaking at 35 Hz, which is within the main spectrum of water fluctuations produced by many prey crustaceans and insects. VAB has a genetic component and is correlated to an increased number of head mechanosensory neuromasts in the eye orbital region when compared to surface fish. Previous competitive prey capture assays have supported the advantage of VAB for foraging in the dark. Despite its putative adaptive function, VAB has been described as absent in some Astyanax cave populations (Tinaja and Molino) but present in others (Pachón, Piedras, Toro and Sabinos). Here we have tested the occurrence of VAB in the field and in multiple cave populations using a vibrating device in natural pools. Our results confirmed the presence of VAB in caves such as Pachón, Toro and Sabinos but showed that VAB is also present in the Tinaja and Molino cave populations, previously reported as VAB‐negative in laboratory experiments. Thus, VAB is available throughout the range of hypogean A. mexicanus. However, and most notably, within a given cave the levels of VAB were highly variable among different pools. Fish at one pool may express no VAB, while fish at another nearby pool of the same cave may actively show VAB. While a variety of environmental conditions may foster this diversity, we found that individuals inhabiting pools with a high abundance of organic matter have reduced expression of VAB. In contrast, in pools with little organic debris where fish probably depend more on hunting than on scavenging, VAB is enhanced. Our results suggest that expression of VAB is a plastic trait whose variability can depend on local conditions. Such plasticity may be required within and among caves where high environmental variability between pools results in a diverse availability of food.
Diagnostic accuracy of serum proteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in children with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Mizuochi Tatsuki , Arai Katsuhiro , Kudo Takahiro , Nambu Ryusuke , Tajiri Hitoshi , Aomatsu Tomoki , Abe Naoki , Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Hashimoto Kunio , Sogo Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Michiko , Etani Yuri , Takaki Yugo , Konishi Ken‐ichiro , Ishihara Jun , Obara Hitoshi , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Kurei Shunsuke , Yamashita Yushiro , Mitsuyama Keiichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSerologic markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) (MPO‐ANCA) have been used to screen patients for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, MPO‐ANCA shows limited accuracy in Asians. Proteinase 3 ANCA (PR3‐ANCA) has performed better at UC diagnosis in Japanese adults than MPO‐ANCA. The present study aimed to evaluate usefulness of PR3‐ANCA for diagnosis of UC in Japanese pediatric practice.MethodsPatients under 17 years old undergoing assessment at 12 Japanese pediatric centers between November 2016 and February 2018 were prospectively enrolled and divided into groups with UC, Crohn's disease (CD), intestinal disease control (IC), and healthy control (HC). Serum PR3‐ANCA and MPO‐ANCA were analyzed using chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay kits.ResultsSera from 367 patients (148 with UC at a median age of 12 years; 120 with CD, 13 years; 56 with IC, 10.5 years; and 43 with HC, 10 years) were examined. Median PR3‐ANCA values in UC (1.6 U/mL) were greater than in CD (0.2; P < 0.001), IC (0.15; P < 0.001), and HC (0.1; P < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the area under the curve for PR3‐ANCA was 0.79, significantly greater than for MPO‐ANCA (0.58; P < 0.001). Using a cut‐off value of 0.8 U/mL determined from the receiver operating characteristic analyses, PR3‐ANCA showed significantly greater sensitivity (64.9%) than MPO‐ANCA (cut‐off, 0.2 U/mL; sensitivity, 19.6%; P < 0.001) and good specificity (83.6%).ConclusionsIn Japanese children and adolescents, PR3‐ANCA performed better as a serologic marker for diagnosis of UC than MPO‐ANCA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a comparison.
“WAY”: A practical means to identify and treat the aging process
Authors: Farollch Prats Lisandro , Mirada Donisa Eduard , Villanueva Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany patients consult a specialist in esthetics to improve certain aspects of their face that are altered by aging. To ensure optimal results and to define the best approach for such interventions, it is important that specialists have a comprehensive understanding of facial anatomy and of the aging process in the regions of interest.AimsThe main purpose of this article was to provide a practical approach for managing aging process in the mid‐ and lower face. Additionally, this paper also aimed to describe the processes associated with aging that may affect the morphology and the appearance of jaw contour (“W”); prejowl (“A”); tear trough, palpebromalar area, and nasojugal groove (“Y”) (“WAY”) signs.MethodsThe Current paper combined the authors experience with the currently available scientific evidence.ResultsIn this study, the anatomy and the changes associated with aging of the mandibular line and that of the tear trough, palpebromalar area, and nasojugal groove was described. The important anatomical changes in these facial regions can be considered through the “WAY” paradigm, signs of aging that can be treated through a variety of surgical and nonsurgical approaches. Although surgical procedures may obtain good results, patients generally prefer less invasive treatments, which have a good efficacy profile, but are safer and have a shorter recovery time.ConclusionsThe “WAY” signs identify anatomical changes in the mandibular line and tear trough, palpebromalar area, and nasojugal groove associated with aging that can be corrected by different procedures, preferably minimally invasive ones.
Reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and vitamin E concentrations in dogs with hemolytic or nonhemolytic anemia
Authors: Woolcock Andrew D. , Serpa Priscila B. S. , Santos Andrea P. , Christian John A. , Moore George E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRed blood cells (RBC) are uniquely susceptible to oxidative injury. Oxidative stress is both a cause for, and effect, of anemia in people but this has been minimally documented in dogs.ObjectiveTo describe direct and indirect markers of oxidative stress in anemic dogs.HypothesisAnemic dogs will have oxidative stress when compared to healthy dogs.AnimalsForty‐seven dogs with anemia (10 with hemolytic anemia) and 70 healthy control dogs.MethodsProspective, cross‐sectional study. Anemic dogs were identified from the patient population, and medical records were reviewed to classify the anemia as hemolytic or nonhemolytic. Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) in erythrocyte isolates. Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured in both plasma and hemolysate samples, and vitamin E was measured in serum.ResultsAnemic dogs (both hemolytic and nonhemolytic) had significantly lower median RBC hemolysate GSH concentrations (3.1 μM [0.4‐30.8]) when compared to healthy dogs (7.0 μM [0.5‐29.7]; P = .03). Dogs with hemolytic anemia had significantly higher median plasma GSH (7.6 μM [0.4‐17.8]) when compared to dogs with nonhemolytic anemia (1.6 μM [0.01‐7.1]; P = .04) and healthy dogs (2.8 μM [0.1‐29.9]; P < .0001). Reactive oxygen species were detectable in all samples, but there was no difference in ROS or vitamin E between groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOxidative stress is present in anemic dogs. Derangements in biomarkers of oxidative stress are different in dogs with hemolytic anemia and nonhemolytic anemia.
Teacher and Students' Mathematics Anxiety and Achievement in a Low‐Income National Context
Authors: Richland Lindsey Engle , Naslund‐Hadley Emma , Alonzo Haydee , Lyons Emily , Vollman Elayne 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTNegative relationships between mathematics anxiety and achievement appear in many countries globally (Lee, 2009; OECD, 2013), suggesting that mathematics anxiety could be an underconsidered factor in regions with persistently low mathematics achievement. We draw on a national sample of students and their teachers in Belize to examine relations between mathematics anxiety and achievement. The data replicated the negative relationships between students' math anxiety and achievement observed in many higher achieving, higher resourced regions, and importantly also revealed that teachers' mathematics anxiety predicted their students' mathematics attitudes and sometimes achievement. The effects were small overall so the robustness of this relationship is not clear, but they provide novel data toward building a comprehensive theory of mathematics anxiety's relationship to achievement across cultural, gender and age contexts, and offer insight into how addressing mathematics anxiety might improve mathematics teaching and achievement in low resourced countries.
The impact of foreign capital flows on long‐term interest rates in emerging and advanced economies
Authors: Inoguchi Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper explores how foreign capital flows affect domestic long‐term interest rates. This is especially important in emerging economies when compared with advanced economies. We employ panel data to infer the yields of 10‐year government bonds along with the government bond inflows associated with foreign investors. We then use a regression approach to examine the differences in the interest rate effects between emerging and advanced economies before and after the global financial crisis (GFC). The results suggest that while government bond inflows influenced the government bond yields of emerging economies after the GFC, this was not the case for them before the GFC nor in small advanced economies before or after the GFC. Further, we find the purchase (sale) of government bonds by foreign investors corresponded to large decreases (increases) in emerging economy bond yields. Overall, the findings suggest that the massive government bond inflows associated with foreign investors after the GFC exerted a significant impact on long‐term interest rates in emerging economies.
Intestinal SALSA/dmbt1 levels are decreased in prematurely born infants
Authors: Reichhardt Martin Parnov , Messing Marcel , Andersson Sture , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Meri Seppo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first months of life represent a crucial time period for an infant. Alongside establishing the early microbiome, the mucosal immunological homeostasis is being developed. Both processes may be perturbed in prematurely born infants. The glycoprotein SALSA plays a role in mucosal inflammation and microbial clearance. It is one of the most abundant molecules on the intestinal mucosal surfaces in early life. SALSA binds to many types of microbes and host defence molecules like IgA, C1q and collectin molecules. We here describe the development in faecal SALSA levels during the first three months of life. During these 90 days, the median SALSA level in full‐term babies decreased from 1100 μg/mL (range 49‐17 000 μg/mL) to 450 μg/mL (range 33‐1000 μg/mL). Lower levels of SALSA were observed in prematurely born infants in the same time period. Our novel observation thus indicates an impact of prematurity on an important component of the infant intestinal immune system. Changes in SALSA in early life may have an effect on the early establishment of the human microbiome.
Functional recovery in human partial thickness skin wounds after application of multicomponent hydrolipidic film (MAS063DP): A prospective, open‐label, comparative clinical trial
Authors: Lin Erh‐Ti , Lin Bor‐Shyh , Tsai Li‐Cheng , Chen Wei‐Kung , Wang Yen‐Jen , Chiang Hsiu‐Mei , Chang Chang‐Cheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcute and minor skin wounds are common in daily life. However, in clinical practice, after initial management in the acute phase, the wounds are managed mainly through observation, and the patients are usually lost to follow‐up. Considering a multicomponent hydrolipidic dressing (MAS063DP) long‐known for its safe application in eczema and recently in laser‐induced wounds, we aimed to evaluate its ability in functional recovery of impaired skin integrity during wound healing. Sixteen patients (N = 16) were enrolled and completed (n = 8 vs n = 8) this prospective, open‐label, vehicle‐controlled clinical trial with 12‐week follow‐up. Transepidermal water, skin viscoelasticity and bioimpedance analysis were measured initially, at the 1st, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. Improvements in these parameters were greater in the MAS063DP group (from 31.4 ± 9.0 to 16.4 ± 4.3 g/m2 h, P < .001; from 77 ± 16% to 88 ± 9%, P < .05; from 4182 ± 3823 to 2644 ± 1772 Ω) than in the white petrolatum group. No significant adverse events occurred, and all participants were more satisfied with the intervention. In this study, MAS063DP can restore skin integrity and reinstitute physiologic function as a feasible and safe intervention more markedly than management through observation during the healing process by providing protective hydrolipidic layer on the skin with simultaneous anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities from its key ingredients such as glycyrrhetinic acid, Vitis vinifera, telmesteine, and vitamins C and E.
Thermal Characteristics of a Three-Dimensional Coil Type Pulsating Heat Pipe at Different Heating Modes
Authors: Abraham Satyanand , Takawale Anand , Stephan Peter , Pattamatta Arvind 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The heat transfer performance of a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) configured as a three-dimensional (3D) structure is reported in the present study. The PHP structure resembles an elongated coil and termed “coil type PHP.” Five different heating modes were created by positioning the evaporator at different locations and placing the PHP device in vertical and horizontal orientations. Studies were conducted primarily with de-ionized water as the working fluid. Limited number of experiments were also performed using binary fluids. The filling ratio was varied from 40% to 80%, while the heat input was varied from 20 W to 240 W. The vertical and horizontal orientations show almost 30 and 10 times reduction in the thermal resistance, respectively, compared with bare PHP tubes without the working fluid. This results in an effective thermal conductivity of more than 3000 W/(m K) and 12,000 W/(m K) for horizontal and vertical orientations, respectively. The use of the binary fluid (10 wt% and 20 wt% of ethanol aqueous solution) results in an increase in the maximum heat input at different heating modes. The temperature of the coolant supplied to the condenser section of the PHP was also varied, and the thermal resistance of the system was observed to reduce with an increase in the coolant temperature.