bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinson disease clinical subtypes: key features & clinical milestones
Authors: Campbell Meghan C. , Myers Peter S. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Foster Erin R. , Cairns Nigel J. , Jackson Joshua J. , Lessov‐Schlaggar Christina N. , Perlmutter Joel S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesBased on multi‐domain classification of Parkinson disease (PD) subtypes, we sought to determine the key features that best differentiate subtypes and the utility of PD subtypes to predict clinical milestones.MethodsProspective cohort of 162 PD participants with ongoing, longitudinal follow‐up. Latent class analysis (LCA) delineated subtypes based on score patterns across baseline motor, cognitive, and psychiatric measures. Discriminant analyses identified key features that distinguish subtypes at baseline. Cox regression models tested PD subtype differences in longitudinal conversion to clinical milestones, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), dementia, and mortality.ResultsLCA identified distinct subtypes: “motor only” (N = 63) characterized by primary motor deficits; “psychiatric & motor” (N = 17) characterized by prominent psychiatric symptoms and moderate motor deficits; “cognitive & motor” (N = 82) characterized by impaired cognition and moderate motor deficits. Depression, executive function, and apathy best discriminated subtypes. Since enrollment, 22 had DBS, 48 developed dementia, and 46 have died. Although there were no subtype differences in rate of DBS, dementia occurred at a higher rate in the “cognitive & motor” subtype. Surprisingly, mortality risk was similarly elevated for both “cognitive & motor” and “psychiatric & motor” subtypes compared to the “motor only” subtype (relative risk = 3.15, 2.60).InterpretationPsychiatric and cognitive features, rather than motor deficits, distinguish clinical PD subtypes and predict greater risk of subsequent dementia and mortality. These results emphasize the value of multi‐domain assessments to better characterize clinical variability in PD. Further, differences in dementia and mortality rates demonstrate the prognostic utility of PD subtypes.
Soybean yield response to gypsum soil amendment, cover crop, and rotation
Authors: Raut Yogendra Y. , Shedekar Vinayak S. , Islam Khandakar R. , Gonzalez Javier M. , Watts Dexter B. , Dick Warren A. , Flanagan Dennis C. , Fausey Norman R. , Batte Marvin T. , Reeder Randall C. , VanToai Tara T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGrowing demand for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] creates pressure to expand soybean production onto marginal lands and grow soybean continuously. Experiments comparing continuous soybean with soybean–corn (Zea mays L.) rotation, cereal rye [Secale cereale (L.)] cover crop with no cover crop, and flue‐gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum surface‐applied at 0, 1.1, and 2.2 Mg ha−1 were conducted at Shorter, AL, Farmland, IN, Hoytville, OH, and Piketon, OH, for 5 yr. The objective was to evaluate soybean yield response to these practices across a range of soil types and climatic conditions. Response to continuous soybean and cover crop varied by site (soil drainage class) with no interaction effects. Continuous soybean reduced yield only on well‐ and moderately well‐drained soil types. Cover crop reduced yield on the very poorly drained soil type and increased yield on the well‐drained soil type. Crop production practices that promote soil health and sustainability may not provide yield improvement.
Cover crops and weed suppression in the U.S. Midwest: A meta‐analysis and modeling study
Authors: Nichols Virginia , Martinez‐Feria Rafael , Weisberger David , Carlson Sarah , Basso Bruno , Basche Andrea 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn addition to soil health and conservation benefits, cover crops (CCs) may offer weed control in the midwestern United States, but individual studies report varying effects. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies measuring weed biomass (WBIO) or density (WDEN) in paired CC and no‐cover treatments in corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] rotations in the U.S. Midwest. Fifteen studies provided 123 paired comparisons of WBIO and 119 of WDEN. Only grass CCs significantly reduced WBIO, while no CC reduced WDEN. We found no evidence CC management factors (e.g., termination method) directly affected outcomes. Our dataset showed that a 75% reduction in WBIO requires at least 5 Mg ha−1 of CC. Simulations from a process‐based model (SALUS) indicated achieving 5 Mg ha−1 requires substantially earlier fall planting and later spring termination in most years, conflicting with typical cash‐crop planting and harvesting. We conclude CCs significantly reduce WBIO, but current CC management constraints render these reductions variable and uncertain.
Alignment of Axial Anisotropy in a 1D Coordination Polymer shows Improved Field Induced Single Molecule Magnet Behavior over a Mononuclear Seven Coordinated FeII Complex
Authors: Mondal Arpan , Kharwar Ajit Kumar , Sahu Pradip Kumar , Konar Sanjit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a CN‐bridged alternating FeII−NiII 1D chain to ensure the alignment of axial anisotropy and improve the single molecule magnet (SMM) behavior in seven coordinated FeII compound. The chain was constructed from hepta coordinated Fe(II) complex as an anisotropic building unit and diamagnetic nickel tetra cyanate as a bridging ligand. The magnetic measurements show the easy‐axis anisotropy of the seven coordinated Fe(II) complex and field induced SMM behavior with spin reversal energy barrier Ueff=61(2) K (42 cm−1) and pre‐exponential relaxation time τ0=1.9×10−8 s. The detailed analysis of the relaxation dynamics discloses that the Orbach process plays an important role in slow relaxation of magnetization for this compound. Notably, this example represents a remarkable energy barrier observed in hepta coordinated Fe(II) SMMs. The ab initio calculations estimate the magnitude of axial anisotropy and show the parallel orientation of the anisotropic axis throughout the 1D polymeric chain. In addition, it is also reported that the presence of weak π accepter ligands in the distorted axial position enhance the easy‐axis anisotropy.
A reactive probe for Co2+ ion detection based on a catalytic decomposition process and its fluorescence imaging in living cells
Authors: Ji Liguo , Yang Chengliang , Li Huijie , Yang Nan , Fu Yutian , Yang Linlin , Wang Qingzhi , He Guangjie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel reactive fluorescent probe for cobalt ions was prepared based on integration of thiourea functional groups, coumarin, and naphthalimide fluorophores. There was no fluorescence observed for the probe itself, however, in the presence of cobalt ions, catalytic decomposition occurred for the probe and coumarin molecular fragments were produced that emitted blue fluorescence. This enabled the probe to be used as a ‘turn on’ reagent for detection of cobalt ions. Under physiological pH conditions and in appropriate solvent systems, an obvious fluorescence enhancement for cobalt ions was observed in selective experiments. Competition experiments indicated that cobalt ions could still induce fluorescence enhancement in the presence of other metal ions. Sensitivity experiments showed that the detection limit for cobalt ions was 6.0 nM. Dynamics research demonstrated that the catalytic process was a pseudo‐first‐order reaction and the reaction constant (kobs) was calculated to be 1.49 × 10−2 min−1. In addition, the mechanism of catalytic decomposition could be demonstrated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography experiments. Cell fluorescence imaging experiments demonstrated that the probe could be used to detect cobalt ions in living HeLa cells.
Effect of different temperatures to remove reduction gas on the photoluminescence properties of Eu‐doped Li2(Ba1‐xSrx)SiO4 phosphors
Authors: Li Jie , Lu Yang‐Ming , Yang Qing‐Hao , Yang Cheng‐Fu , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Houng Mau‐Phon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, Eu‐doped Li2(Ba1‐xSrx)SiO4 powders (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) were synthesized at 850°C in a reduction atmosphere (5% H2 + 95% N2) for a duration of 1 h using a solid‐state reaction method. The reduction atmosphere was infused as the synthesis temperature reached 850°C, and was removed as the temperature dropped to 800–500°C. Li2(Ba1‐xSrx)SiO4 (or Li2BaSiO4), (Ba,Sr)2SiO4 (or BaSiO4), and Li4SiO4 phases co‐existed in the synthesized Eu‐doped Li2(Ba1‐xSrx)SiO4 powders. A new finding was that the reduction atmosphere removing (RAR) temperature of the Li2(Ba1‐xSrx)SiO4 phosphors had a large effect on their photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and PL properties. Except for the 800°C‐RAR‐treated Li2BaSiO4 phosphor, PLE spectra of all other Li2(Ba1‐xSrx)SiO4 phosphors had one broad emission band with two emission peaks centred at ~242 and ~283 nm; these PL spectra had one broad emission band with one emission peak centred at 502–514 nm. We showed that the 800°C‐RAR‐treated Li2BaSiO4 phosphor emitted a red light and all other Li2(Ba1‐xSrx)SiO4 phosphors emitted a green light. Reasons for these results are discussed thoroughly.
Simultaneous determination of gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 1,3,6‐tri‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucose from Turkish galls in rat plasma using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Gong Jing , Li Lin , Lin Yi‐xuan , Xiao Dan , Liu Wen , Zou Bao‐rong , Tian Xing , Han Bo , Zhang Shao‐bao , Lin Lei , Li Pei , Xie Zhi‐yong , Liao Qiong‐feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTurkish galls (TG) is a traditional Uygur medicine typically used in clinics for dental disease and chronic ulcerative colitis. In this study, a novel liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 1,3,6‐tri‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucose in rat plasma, which are the major bioactive compounds of TG. After a feasible protein precipitation using acetonitrile for sample preparation, chromatographic separation was performed with a BDS Hypersil C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C, and water containing 10 mmol of ammonium acetate and acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The MS detector was operated in the selective reaction monitoring with negative‐ionization mode. The results of the method validation, including selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability of the compounds in the biosamples, were all within the current acceptance criteria. The established method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics study of three analytes in rats after an oral administration of TG extract and laid the foundation for studying the active components and mechanism of TG in vivo.
Determination of acamprosate in human plasma by UPLC–MS/MS: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Ozdemir Murat , Kul Aykut , Ozilhan Selma , Sagirli Olcay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcamprosate is a medication used to treat alcohol dependence. Therapeutic drug monitoring is important in drugs for the treatment of substance‐related disorders. Therefore, in this study, a new selective, very simple and rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer method was developed for the therapeutic drug monitoring of acamprosate. The developed method allows the determination of acamprosate in human plasma. The method was validated in terms of selectivity and linearity, which was in the range of 100–1,200 ng/ml for acamprosate. Intra‐assay and inter‐assay accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limits of the Eueopean Medicines Agency guideline. The lower limit of quantitation was 100 ng/ml for acamprosate. The developed method was successfully applied for therapeutic drug monitoring in patient plasma samples.
High mutation burden of circulating cell‐free DNA in early‐stage breast cancer patients is associated with a poor relapse‐free survival
Authors: Kujala Jouni , Hartikainen Jaana M. , Tengström Maria , Sironen Reijo , Kosma Veli‐Matti , Mannermaa Arto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh tumor mutation burden is shown to be associated with a poor clinical outcome. As the tumor‐derived fraction of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is shown to reflect the genetic spectrum of the tumor, we examined whether the mutation burden of cfDNA could be used to predict the clinical outcomes of early‐stage breast cancer (BC) patients.MethodsWe selected a set of 79 Finnish early‐stage BC cases with a good prognosis based on traditional prognostic parameters but some of which still developed relapsed disease during follow‐up. cfDNA was isolated from the serum collected at the time of diagnosis, sequenced, and compared to matched primary tumors, clinical parameters, and survival data.ResultsHigh cfDNA mutation burden was associated with the poor relapse‐free survival (RFS) (P = .016, HR = 2.23, 95% Cl 1.16‐4.27) when patients were divided into high and low mutation burden according to the median number of somatic variants. A high discordance was observed between the matched tumor and cfDNA samples, thus highlighting the challenges related to the liquid biopsy of early‐stage cancer cases. Despite the low number of detected tumor‐specific variants, the presence of tumor‐specific somatic variants in the cfDNA was associated with the poor RFS (P = .009, HR = 2.31, 95% Cl 1.23‐4.31).ConclusionsOur results confirm previously observed challenges about the accuracy of liquid biopsy‐based genotyping of early‐stage cancers and support the parallel sequencing of tumor and cfDNA while also demonstrating how the presence of tumor‐specific somatic variants and the high mutation burden in the cfDNA are both associated with the poor RFS, thus indicating the prognostic potential of liquid biopsy in the context of early‐stage cancers.
CT‐Angiography to predict outcome after indirect mitral annuloplasty in patients with functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Rottländer Dennis , Ballof Jan , Gödde Miriel , Degen Hubertus , Ögütcü Alev , Alektorov Kirill , Chatrou Martijn , Heintzen Matthias P. , Haude Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesCoronary sinus (CS) based mitral annuloplasty using the Carillon device is effective in reducing functional mitral valve regurgitation (FMR). However, this positive effect might be dependent on the relation between CS and the mitral annulus.BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) assessment prior to mitral valve interventions is an emerging technique to optimize patient selection.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis 30 patients underwent Carillon device implantation and received CT‐angiography prior to CS based percutaneous mitral valve repair. Patients were assigned to responders or non‐responders according to the 3‐month transthoracic echocardiographic follow‐up including quantitative mitral valve regurgitation assessment. A prototype software for CS reconstruction was used to assess distance and angle of both CS and mitral annulus planes.ResultsComparison of the distance and angle of the CS plane and the mitral valve annulus plane showed a significant shorter distance and lower angle in the responder group implicating an impact on procedure success. Our results suggest a CS plane and MV annulus plane with a favorably distance of <7.8 mm and an optimal angle of <14.2° could be considered favorably for mitral annuloplasty using a Carillon device.ConclusionsDistance and angle of mitral annulus and CS planes determined by three‐dimensional reconstructions of CT‐angiography might predict a reduction in echocardiographic FMR using Carillon Mitral Contour System.
Spectroelectrochemistry of Selected Substances – A Contribution to Higher Education Didactics
Authors: Habekost Achim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDie zweidimensionale Spektroelektrochemie von elektrochromen und elektrolumineszierenden Substanzen zeigt eine direkte Korrelation auf zwischen den Elektrodenreaktionen und Änderungen der Absorption oder Lumineszenz. Dies wird anhand der beiden Substanzen N,N,N’,N’‐Tetramethyl‐p‐phenylendiamin (Wurster's Blau) und Tris(2,2’‐bipyridyl)rutheniumchlorid [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 demonstriert. In diesem Artikel werden vornehmlich Hochschulexperimente vorgestellt. Zusätzlich wird an zwei Beispielen aufgezeigt, dass auch mit einfacheren schulischen Mitteln das Prinzip der Spektroelektrochemie experimentell erfasst werden kann.
Carbon and Carbon Nanomaterials – Interdisciplinary Sciences Between Physics and Chemistry
Authors: Engelmann Philipp , Woest Volker 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFächerübergreifender Naturwissenschaftsunterricht wird bereits seit langem fachdidaktisch wie bildungspolitisch diskutiert. Mittlerweile finden sich integrierte Curricula in den meisten Lehrplänen in Deutschland. Der Beitrag greift die aktuelle Situation um fächerübergreifenden Unterricht auf und stellt ein Fortbildungskonzept für die Qualifikation von Lehrkräften vor. Dabei wird in Anbindung an das Modell der Didaktischen Rekonstruktion exemplarisch das Thema Kohlenstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffnanomaterialien vertieft dargestellt. Ausgehend von einer fachlichen Klärung zur Struktur des Graphens werden didaktische Strukturierungen für die Lehrkräftefortbildung vorgestellt. Dazu zählen Experimente zur Leitfähigkeit von Industrieruß und zu Verbundmaterialien auf Basis von Kohlenstofffasern.
Research on the inheritance and protection of data mining technology in national sports
Authors: Li Dongmei , Xiao Feng , Zheng Yanjun 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn order to improve the ability of inheritance and protection of national sports, the association data mining model of inheritance and protection of national sports is proposed based on feature extraction of association rules. In this article, a new neural fuzzy normal form system is designed, which can perform both feature analysis and SI(sine) integration. The time series analysis model of the inheritance and protection correlation data in the national sports are constructed, the overall frame model of the inheritance and protection correlation data mining in the national sports is designed. The ability of adaptive data fusion and feature registration is improved. The simulation results show that the proposed method has good accuracy and strong ability of feature matching in the correlation data mining of inheritance and protection in national sports, and it can improve the function of inheritance and protection of national sports.
Target Protein Identification on Photocatalyst‐Functionalized Magnetic Affinity Beads
Authors: Tsushima Michihiko , Sato Shinichi , Nakane Keita , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough various affinity chromatography and photoaffinity labeling methods have been developed for target protein identification of bioactive molecules, it is often difficult to detect proteins that bind the ligand with weak transient affinity using these techniques. We have developed single electron transfer–mediated tyrosine labeling using ruthenium photocatalysts. Proximity labeling using 1‐methyl‐4‐aryl‐urazole (MAUra) labels proteins in close proximity to the photocatalyst with high efficiency and selectivity. Performing this labeling reaction on affinity beads makes it possible to label proteins that bind the ligand with weak transient affinity. In this article, novel protocols are described for target protein identification using photocatalyst proximity labeling on ruthenium photocatalyst‐functionalized magnetic affinity beads. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of ruthenium photocatalystBasic Protocol 2: Synthesis of azide‐ or desthiobiotin‐conjugated labeling reagentsBasic Protocol 3: Preparation of photocatalyst and ligand‐functionalized affinity beadsBasic Protocol 4: Target protein labeling in cell lysateBasic Protocol 5: Enrichment of labeled proteins with MAUra‐DTB for LC‐MS/MS analysisBasic Protocol 6: 2D‐DIGE analysis of fluorescence‐labeled proteins
Historical Controls in Randomized Clinical Trials: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Hall Kathryn T. , Vase Lene , Tobias Deirdre K. , Dashti Hesam T. , Vollert Jan , Kaptchuk Ted J. , Cook Nancy R. 
Published: June 2020

Randomized control trials (RCTs) with placebo are the gold standard for determining efficacy of novel pharmaceutical treatments. Since their inception, over 75 years ago, researchers have amassed a large body of underutilized data on outcomes in the placebo control arms of these trials. Although rare disease indications have used these historical placebo data as synthetic controls to reduce burden on patients and accelerate drug discovery, broad use of historical controls is in its infancy. Large‐scale historical placebo data could be leveraged to benefit both drug developers and patients if warehoused and made more available to guide trial design and analysis. Here, we examine challenges in utilizing historical controls related to heterogeneity in trial design, outcome ascertainment, patient characteristics, and unmeasured pharmacogenomic effects. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of current approaches and propose a path forward to broader use of historical controls in RCTs.
Drivers of the CSR report assurance quality: Credibility and consistency for stakeholder engagement
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to determine the effect that certain internal and external factors have on the CSR report assurance quality. Among the different internal factors, firm's incentives and the effectiveness of the CEO and the board of directors will be considered. The external factors analyzed are relating to the institutional pressures at the country and sector levels, and the intrinsic characteristics of the assurer. Using a sample of the 678 largest companies in the world in the 2011–2017 period, the application of the two‐stage model confirms the supremacy of firms' incentives and the characteristics of the service provider as aspects with greater predictive capacity in the assurance quality. Results that would give the CEO, the board and institutional pressures a secondary role in corporate transparency because their effect only occurs in the absence of the two previous drivers.