bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth prediction for rubber tree and intercropped forest trees to facilitate environmental services valuation in South Thailand
Authors: Nattharom Narun , SAOWALAK ROONGTAWANREONGSRI  , SARA BUMRUNGSRI  
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Nattharom N, Roongtawanreongsri S, Bumrungsri S. 2020. Growth prediction for rubber trees and intercropped forest trees to facilitate environmental services valuation in South Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 2019-2034. Tree growth parameters are necessary for valuing ecological services of trees in both natural forest and agroforest. These parameters are difficult to measure annually, and thus often lack the information needed in valuation. This study aimed to use regression analysis to create growth models for diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (TH), and merchantable height (MH) of Hevea brasiliensis Mull-Arg. (rubber tree) and five economic forest trees that are preferred by rubber farmers for intercropping, including Hopea odorata Roxb., Shorea roxburghii G.Don., Swietenia macrophylla King., Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb., and Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs. Data were collected from 39 rubber plantations that contain rubber trees and the intercropped tree species at different ages in three provinces in South Thailand. The data were modelled using regression analysis with curve fitting to find the best-fitted curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals and standard error of the regression of the points from the curve. The results arrived at 21 models for the DBH, TH, and MH growth of rubber and the intercropped trees, in the forms of, power, sigmoid and exponential trends that vary according to the type of trees. The models can be used to predict tree growth parameters, which are useful for determining the value of ecosystem services such as carbon dioxide sequestration, oxygen production, and timber production.
The diversity in nutritional profile of farmed edible bird’s nests from several regions in Indonesia
Authors: Elfita Lina , IETJE WIENTARSIH  , DONDIN SAJUTHI  , INDRA BACHTIAR  , HUDA SHALAHUDIN DARUSMAN  
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Elfita L, Wientarsih I, Sajuthi D, Bachtiar I, Darusman HS. 2020. The diversity in nutritional profile of farmed edible bird’s nests from several regions in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2362-2368. Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is produced by certain swiftlet species mainly Aerodramus fuciphagus. This study aimed to compare the composition of proximate, nitrite, nitrate, amino acid and protein profiles of EBNs collected from different regions in Indonesia (West Sumatra, South Sumatra, West Java, West Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi). The results showed that the order of proximate composition was protein (53.09-56.25%) > carbohydrate (19.57-23.04%) > moisture (17.08-21.50%) > ash (5.44-6.25%) > fat (0.07-0.57%). Nitrite and nitrate contents were 3.11-18.28 ppm and 650.11-1051.06 ppm, respectively. Amino acid analysis found that EBNs contained 18 amino acids, composed of ten essential amino acids and eight non-essential amino acids. Aspartic acid content of EBNs from West Sumatra and West Kalimantan (4.21 and 3.27%, respectively) were much higher than the one found in other regions, which was on the range of 0.32-0.37%. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that majority of EBNs possessed seven protein bands with molecular weight range of 19.6 to 82.7 kDa. However, EBNs from West Sumatra and West Kalimantan showed abundant of protein with molecular weight of approximately 34.0 kDa. Thus, EBNs collected from different regions in Indonesia showed different nutritional profiles.
Birefringence properties of anti-resonant octagonal-core and nodeless hollow-core fibers
Authors: Leonov Stanislav O. , Yelistratova Elizaveta A. , Demidov Vladimir V. , Pryamikov Andrey D. 
Published: May 2020

We present experimental results of birefringence property measurements for two types of negative curvature anti-resonant hollow-core fibers (AR-HCFs). Both AR-HCFs have a core of 50 µm in diameter, providing an effective area of the fundamental guided mode larger than

1000

µ

m

2

. Measurements were carried out at wavelengths of 2.25, 2.35, and 2.45 µm. The obtained results demonstrate that both fiber types have birefringence axes that do not correspond to core symmetry axes. The proposed technique for the birefringence axes orientation measurement could be applied to other kinds of HCFs at various wavelengths.
From 25  Gb/s to 50  Gb/s TDM PON: transceiver architectures, their performance, standardization aspects, and cost modeling
Authors: Harstead Ed , Bonk Rene , Walklin Sheldon , van Veen Dora , Houtsma Vincent , Kaneda Noriaki , Mahadevan Amitkumar , Borkowski Robert 
Published: May 2020

Standardization activities are nearly complete for single wavelength 25 Gb/s time-division multiplexed (TDM) passive optical networks (PONs) and well underway for 50 Gb/s TDM PONs. There is considerable debate in the industry about which technology will be the “next step” after 10 Gb/s TDM PON, now finally starting to ramp up to mass deployment. 50 Gb/s PON clearly brings a

2

×

bandwidth advantage over 25 Gb/s, at least in the downstream direction. On the other hand, the increase of speed to 50 Gb/s brings with it a substantial receiver sensitivity penalty of at least 4 dB, which has a chain effect on transceiver architecture, cost, and time-to-market. In this paper, each of those elements is investigated, quantified, and compared to 25 Gb/s.
Non-interferometric technique to realize vector beams embedded with polarization singularities
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Pal Sushanta Kumar , Nishchal Naveen K. , Senthilkumaran P. 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we present a simple and flexible non-interferometric
method to generate various polarization singularity lattice fields.
The proposed method is based on a double modulation technique that
uses a single reflective spatial light modulator to generate different
lattice structures consisting of V-point and C-point polarization
singularities. The present technique is compact with respect to
previous experimental realization techniques. Different structures
having star and lemon fields are generated without altering the
experimental setup. In addition, the same setup can be used to obtain
different types of inhomogeneous fields embedded with isolated
polarization singularities even of higher orders. The Stokes
polarimetry method has been used to obtain the polarization
distributions of generated fields, which are in good agreement with
simulated results.
Loss-compensated slow-light fiber Bragg grating with 22-km/s group velocity
Authors: Vigneron Pierre-Baptiste , Boilard Tommy , Balliu Enkeleda , Broome Anna L. , Bernier Martin , Digonnet Michel J. F. 
Published: May 2020

This Letter reports the behavior of the slow-light resonances of a strong apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in which the intrinsic loss is compensated for by a small internal gain. The 6.5-mm FBG, written with a femtosecond laser in an Er-doped single-mode fiber, was pumped at

∼

1475

n
m

just below the lasing threshold to offset most of its intrinsic loss, thereby narrowing its resonances. The fundamental slow-light resonance was measured to have a linewidth of 8.5 fm, or a record group velocity of

∼

22

k
m

/

s

, and a peak transmission near unity (

−

0.2

d
B

). The measured dependencies of the linewidth and peak transmission on pump power agree well with a new model that predicts the transmission spectrum of loss-compensated FBGs in the presence of pump and signal saturation.
Effectiveness of nursing interventions on level of anxiety, stress, and depression of elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Refaat Alam Raefa , Ibrahim Elemam Elashri Neamit 
Published: May 2020

Background: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a widely used procedure in medicine today. It is the diagnosis and treatment of choice among elderly patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders. Thus anxiety, stress, and depression of adverse out-come or side effect and discomfort regarding endoscopy reduce the patientâ€™s acceptance ability. Effective procedure ex-planation and safety measures have positively impact on decrease level of anxiety, stress, and depression and improve elderly patientâ€™s general health conditionÂ Aim: Evaluate effectiveness of nursing interventions on level of anxiety, stress and depression of elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Â Design: A quasi experimental study design with pre and post procedure was used.Setting: The study was conducted at Gastrointestinal Surgery Center (GISC) (Endoscopy Unit) Mansoura UniversityÂ Subjects: A convenient sample of 76 elderly patients undergoing GIT endoscopy. Data collected over a period of 9 months from first of May 2019 at the end of January 2020.Tools: Three tools were used: Socio Demographic Characteristics and Clinical Data Structured Interview Schedule, Depression, Anxiety and Stress scales (DASS-21), and Endoscopic Nursing interventions.Results: The study results revealed that statistically significant improvement in all aspects of elderly patient's anxiety score at pre and post nursing intervention (p<0.001). There were significant improvements of level of stress from pre and post implementation of nursing intervention to endoscopy (p<0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the pre, and posttest mean score of depression (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences regarding all sociodemographic characteristics within the studied subjects and their total mean score of anxiety, stress, and depression.Conclusion A clear and noticeable improvement in the mean score of anxiety, stress and depression of all studied subject after the implementation of the endoscopic nursing interventions than before.Recommendation: Replication of this study is highly recommended on a large representative probability sample to achieve generalizable results.Â
Residents as teachers: optimizing the benefit of a difficult airway management simulation session
Authors: Jirativanont Tachawan , Phoowanakulchai Sirima , Waitayawinyu Pichaya , Suphathamwit Aphichat , Apidechakul Parichad , Raksamani Kasana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Simulation is widely used in airway management training.

Objectives
To show that assigning anesthesia residents’ simulation educator roles improved cognitive learning outcomes.

Methods
Postgraduate second- and third-year (PGY-2 and PGY-3) anesthesia residents were randomly assigned to three groups: a teacher group (T), a hot-seat (active participant) group (H), and an observer group (O). After a train-the-trainer session, the T group prepared simulation scenarios for difficult airway management and then conducted the simulation sessions and post-session debriefing. The H group participated in the scenarios, and the O group observed the sessions. All participants attended the post-session debriefing. Evaluation was conducted at pretest, immediate posttest, and 3 months (retention test). Score differentiation and average normalized gain were calculated. Participants completed a post-simulation class survey.

Results
Participants were 49 residents (PGY-2 = 24, PGY-3 = 25). The T group had the highest posttest score (17.06 ± 1.23); this score significantly differed from the O group (14.75 ± 2.57, P = 0.003) but not the H group (15.64 ± 1.54, P = 0.103). The average normalized gain was significantly higher in the T group than in the H and O groups (0.51 ± 0.22, 0.18 ± 0.32, and 0.17 ± 0.47, respectively; P = 0.012). Participants retained knowledge at 3 months after the session, with no significant differences among the groups. Most participants (45%) preferred to be active scenario participants, and 20% preferred to teach. Overall satisfaction was high in all groups.

Conclusion
This study showed that a teaching role can be effectively applied for residents in simulation-based education on difficult airway management to support better learning outcomes.
Stability of natural polyphenol fisetin in eye drops Stability of fisetin in eye drops
Authors: Krajčíková Kristína , Suváková Mária , Glinská Gabriela , Ohlasová Jana , Tomečková Vladimíra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFisetin is a polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Inflammation and reactive oxygen species play a major role in the pathophysiology of the dry eye syndrome (DES). Patients with DES undergo symptomatic treatment using eye drops known as artificial tears. Addition of fisetin into the eye drops could result in a better recovery of the eye surface. This experimental study examines the stability of fisetin in selected eye drops (Arufil, Hypromelóza-P, Ocutein, Refresh). Absorption spectra of fisetin were measured in selected eye drops, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), deionized water and normal saline solution (NSS) during a period of four weeks. The fisetin absorption maximum was placed at 350 – 390 nm depending on the solvent. Good stability of fisetin solutions were observed in DMSO and deionized water. The highest stability of fisetin in selected eye drops was observed in Hypromelóza-P. Irreversible fisetin structural changes were detected in Arufil, Ocutein, Refresh and NSS. For further clinical evaluation, fisetin solution in Hypromelóza-P could be examined.
Synthesis of amorphous aluminosilicate from impure Indonesian kaolin
Authors: Hartati Hartati , Purwaningsih Aning , Tjahjandarie Tjitjik Srie , Saputri Nastiti Heru , Puspitasari Ika Septiani , Lamanele Christina Natalia , Sa’adah Amalia Ayu , Haque Arini Sabilal , Mardho Dea Zaqiatul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSynthesis of amorphous aluminosilicates from high impurities in Indonesian kaolin were carried out in several ways, directly from kaolin and indirectly from metakaolin (calcined kaolin), both with silica addition and without silica addition. Synthesis was conducted in a gradual temperature hydrothermal reaction and in a constant temperature hydrothermal reaction. Before being synthesized, kaolin impurities were separated according to density and/or particle size by centrifugation. X-Ray Diffraction and FTIR Spectrometry characterization of the synthesized product showed that the results of synthesis of aluminosilicates from metakaolin via hydrothermal with gradual temperature or constant temperature produced aluminosilicates with high quartz impurities, while synthesis with the addition of silica in hydrothermal conditions at 80°C for 12 hours can produce aluminosilicate with a low quartz content. Direct synthesis from kaolin with the addition of silica could produce pure aluminosilicates.
Solid-Solutions as Supports and Robust Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts: A Review
Authors: Charles Victor , Ebuka Ikegwuonu P. , Gaya Ndepana A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSome solid solutions have been strongly utilized over the years as good materials for the synthesis of electrocatalysts and photoctalysts. Sometimes, they are used as supports in order to improve electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties. We show various achievements of solid solutions as good electrocatalysts, and also, good electrocatalysts support materials in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Also, we demonstrate various works utilizing solid solutions as good photocatalysts, and good photocatalysts support materials in overall water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. In all these reports, solid solutions proved to posses the necessary properties needed of any material as electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. In many cases, their use as catalysts supports recorded great improvements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was largely used to confirm the chemical environment of the results obtained, together with X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammograms (CVA), chronoamperometry and rotating disk electrode (RDE), were also carried out. Linear sweep voltametry (LSV) curve was carried out in some cases to measure the current at a working electrode, and tables were shown for clear explanation. In addition, a photoluminescence spectrum (PL) was used to probe the electronic structure of the various solid solutions.
Data analysis of a paste thickener
Authors: Ruuska Jari , Nikula Riku-Pekka , Ruhanen Eemeli , Kauppi Janne , Kauvosaari Sakari , Kosonen Mika 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The solids content of slurry is typically increased in thickeners. A clean overflow and maximum solids concentration in the underflow are the general targets. The flocculant rate and underflow rate are the two independent variables that are typically used for control. The dependent variables include rake torque, underflow density, overflow turbidity, solids interface level (bed depth), solids inventory (bed pressure), solids settling rate and underflow viscosity. The research problem in question is that the outgoing paste is sometimes difficult to pump. The phenomena leading to this situation are not well known. In the worst-case scenario these phenomena cause clogging in the piping. A data analysis has been done to find the variables that affect and correlate with the pumping problem. The scope of this study covers the measurements from the feed line, thickener and underflow. The goal is to gain better understanding of the phenomena after this phase. The data analysis was done using the paste line pressure difference as a response variable and by dividing the data collected from Yara’s Siilinjärvi mill into two parts: operation areas with high and low pressure difference. The analysis is focused on Thickener 1 due to better availability of measurements. The knowledge of the variables found to influence the pressure difference can be utilized in further development.
Testing normality of chosen R-estimates used in deformation analysis
Authors: Duchnowski R. , Wyszkowska P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The normal distribution is one of the most important distribution in statistics. In the context of geodetic observation analyses, such importance follows Hagen’s hypothesis of elementary errors; however, some papers point to some leptokurtic tendencies in geodetic observation sets. In the case of linear estimators, the normality is guaranteed by normality of the independent observations. The situation is more complex if estimates and/or the functional model are not linear. Then the normality of such estimates can be tested theoretically or empirically by applying one of goodness-of-fit tests.
This paper focuses on testing normality of selected variants of the Hodges-Lehmann estimators (HLE). Under some general assumptions the simplest HLEs have asymptotical normality. However, this does not apply to the Hodges-Lehmann weighted estimators (HLWE), which are more applicable in deformation analysis. Thus, the paper presents tests for normality of HLEs and HLWEs. The analyses, which are based on Monte Carlo method and the Jarque–Bera test, prove normality of HLEs. HLWEs do not follow the normal distribution when the functional model is not linear, and the accuracy of observation is relatively low. However, this fact seems not important from the practical point of view.
Improved indoor positioning based on range-free RSSI fingerprint method
Authors: Uradzinski Marcin , Guo Hang , Yu Min 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As the development of modern science and technology, LBS and location-aware computing are increasingly important in the practical applications. Currently, GPS positioning system is a mature positioning technology used widely, but signals are easily absorbed, reflected by buildings, and attenuate seriously. In such situation, GPS positioning is not suitable for using in the indoor environment.
Wireless sensor networks, such as ZigBee technology, can provide RSSI (received signal strength indicator) which can be used for positioning, especially indoor positioning, and therefore for location based services (LBS).The authors are focused on the fingerprint database method which is suitable for calculating the coordinates of a pedestrian location. This positioning method can use the signal strength indication between the reference nodes and positioning nodes, and design algorithms for positioning. In the wireless sensor networks, according to whether measuring the distance between the nodes in the positioning process, the positioning modes are divided into two categories which are range-based and range-free positioning modes. This paper describes newly improved indoor positioning method based on RSSI fingerprint database, which is range-free.
Presented fingerprint database positioning can provide more accurate positioning results, and the accuracy of establishing fingerprint database will affect the accuracy of indoor positioning. In this paper, we propose a new method about the average threshold and the effective data domain filtering method to optimize the fingerprint database of ZigBee technology. Indoor experiment, which was conducted at the University of Warmia and Mazury, proved that the distance achieved by this system has been extended over 30 meters without decreasing the positioning accuracy. The weighted nearest algorithm was chosen and used to calculate user’s location, and then the results were compared and analyzed. As a result, the positioning accuracy was improved and error did not exceed 0.69 m. Therefore, such system can be easily applied in a bigger space inside the buildings, underground mines or in the other location based services.
Clinicopathological features of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cui Yong-Xin , Su Xian-Shuang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression has been shown to play important roles in various types of cancer. However, the role of PD-L1 expression has not been conclusively reported in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Accordingly, in this meta-analysis, we investigated the clinicopathological value of PD-L1 expression in patients with OSCC.

Methods
Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI databases were searched to find relevant studies published through to September 16, 2019. The relationships between PD-L1 expression in patients with OSCC and clinicopathological features were assessed using risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Sixteen studies including 1989 participants were included. The results indicated that high PD-L1 expression was correlated with sex (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.16–1.42, P < 0.001), N stage (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06–1.33, P = 0.003), M stage (RR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.01–2.66, P = 0.044), low differentiation (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.33, P = 0.034), and human papilloma virus infection (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.14–1.68, P = 0.001), but unrelated to TNM stage or T stage. There was no significant publication bias in the studies included in this analysis.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis revealed that high PD-L1 expression in patients with OSCC was correlated with clinicopathological features. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm our results.