bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drag Reduction and Flow Enhancement in Iraqi Crude Oil Pipelines using PMMA polymer and CNTs
Authors: Ibrahim Raheek I. , Odah Manal K. , Shafeeq Dhoha A. , Dawood Salman Ali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Crude oil flowing in pipelines suffers from a problem fluid flow pressure drop and high energy consumption for fluid pumping. The flow can be enhanced using either viscosity reduction or drag reduction techniques. Drag reduction (DR) can be considered as the most effective and applicable method. Such method contributes in reducing the frictional energy losses during the flow by addition of little amounts of drag reducing agents (DRAs). The present work focuses on comparing between the effect of PMMA only and PMMA with CNT on drag reduction In order to achieve this object, an experimental rig has been designed and implemented. It should be mentioned that the ring consists of: a crude oil Perspex pipe, oil pump, pressure sensors. Two additive materials including PMMA and CNT with different concentrations have been used to reduce the drag inside the oil pipe. polymethyl metha acrylate polymer (PMMA) with different concentrations 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 mg/L. It has been shown 3000ppm is the best where the percentage of drag reduction reached to 65%. While, A mixture of CNT and PMMA with (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000) mg/L are used and the results showed that 50% of DR is achieved at 2000 mg/L.
Improvement of mechanical properties of Oil well cement by incorporate Nano-CaCO3 prepared from eggshell waste
Authors: Dawood Salman Ali , Tatjána Juzsakova , Al-Mayyahi Mohammad A. , Ibrahim Raheek I. , Adnan Abdullah Thamer , Khader Eman H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this work were to prepare, characterize the CaCO3 nanoparticles as admixture derived from eggshell waste to improve the mechanical properties and performance of oil well cement (OWC) and to evaluate the interactions regarding the cement-admixture compatibility. The results suggest to use the combination of ultrafine grinding (ball milling) and heating treatment. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the addition of eggshell nanoparticles (ESNP) on the mechanical properties (compressive strength) of OWC was also an important objective. The high purity of eggshell powder was milled for 5–30 h to prepare ESNP with an average particle size of 40 nm after 25 h. The physico-chemical properties of the ESNP were characterized by different techniques including particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The ESPN was added in three different percentages to the OWC (2%, 6% and 10% as partial replacement of cement) and a w/c of 0.44. It was also revealed that the best percentage of ESNP addition not only resulted in much denser microstructure in OWC but also changed the formation of hydration products through presence of CaCO3 nanoparticles, which increased the rate of reaction of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) to form a carboaluminate complex. In this way the rate of hydration increased, the total hydration products increased and consequently the strength as well. Hence the addition of ESNP contributed to the improvement of early-age compressive strength, microstructure and durability properties of cement. According to the results, it was found that the optimal addition of ESNP to OWC is 6%.
Investigation of residual oil saturation in the process of filtration of viscous multicomponent flow with a wide range of pressures and temperatures
Authors: Radaev A.V , Essmat Abdul-lateef Wisam , Kamil Sebur Ali , Abdulaziz Abrahem Hussain , Mukhamadiev A.A , Sabirzyanov A.N , Karibullina F.R , Vaseneva N.A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An experimental setup was created to study the process of oil displacement by supercritical CO2 and fringes of supercritical CO2 and water from the model of homogeneous and inhomogeneous formation of different degrees of water saturation. The process of multicomponent filtration of oil-water-supercritical CO2 systems at 333 K isotherm in the pressure range of up to 14 MPa was studied at the experimental plant. The new data, the oil displacement efficiency of supercritical CO2 from a homogeneous porous medium with water content of 65% and rims supercritical CO2, and water from homogeneous porous medium with a water cut of 25%. The results showed that the use of supercritical CO2 in the filtration processes of multicomponent reservoir systems allows further displacement of oil from the watered porous medium.
Inductance Calculation and Torque Separation of a Unique Multi-Layer Spoke-type Interior Permanent Magnet Motor using the Frozen Permeability Method
Authors: Abdulrahem Hayder , Chi-Kwong Luk Patrick , Al-Saadi Mohammed K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Frozen permeability approach (FP) is employed to separate the average torque components (reluctance and permanent magnet torque) and for the inductance calculation for a Unique Ferrite Multi-Layer Spoke-type Interior Permanent Magnet Motor. Finite element analyses (FEA) models are built to provide many results help to offer more insight analysis. Three factors are taking in account to analyse their effects: permanent magnetism, armature currents of stator and angular rotor position. Also, different saturation levels are analysed, to reveal the influence of magnetic saturation and crosscoupling. These detailed analyses are providing valuable insights for permanent machine design and optimization.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Photovoltaic Module under Clouds Effects
Authors: Numan Ali H. , Dawood Zahraa S. , Hussein Hashim A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) module is one of the most useful, sustainable and non-harmful product in the field of renewable energy therefore, it increased rapidly. Photovoltaic performance affected inversely by Partial shading which occurs due to clouds, birds, buildings, trees and dust deposition etc,. This paper investigates the performance of monocrystalline photovoltaic module under cloud effect theoretically and experimentally. The experiments are conducted in Baghdad during November, December and January in 2018and 2019. PV parameters are simulated by using MATLAB to determine this effect. The measured and simulated data are compared to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach. The results show that the cloud has a significant impact on the performance of photovoltaic module. The clouds decrease the amount of direct radiation reaching to the surface of PV module. Therefore, output power of PV module in cloudy days is less than the power output in sunny days. The power output in the sunny days was 69.7W, and by comparing this value with measured values in (November, December and January), it is found that the measured values are reduced by 15.5, 59.65 and 62.26% respectively.
Mitigation of Harmonic Distortion in a Power System Feeding Nonlinear Loads Using Shunt Passive Single Tuned Filters
Authors: Ridha Othman Adel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper a distribution system of 2 MVA, 11 KV standalone generator is feeding a group of six branches of pulse width modulation (PWM) drive nonlinear loads, such a distribution power system is used in oil fields drilling rigs, each branch is fed through a step down transformer of 11/0.4 KV and of capacity proportional to its branch load rating. For this group of nonlinear loads, the total current harmonic distortion (ITHD) and total voltage harmonic distortion (VTHD) are calculated at the point of common coupling (PCC#1) which show that the system failed to meet IEEE Std 519 harmonic limits. A shunt passive single tuned filters are designed to mitigate (ITHD) and (VTHD). The addition of these filters to this power system were effective in making it compliance with IEEE Std 519.
Evaluation the Influences of Temperature, Dust and Shading on Photovoltaic System Performance
Authors: Khazaal H F , Kadhim H M , Farhan M S , Sh Baqer I , Salih S R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The proliferation of the use of Photovoltaic PV systems, as one of the sources of electricity that comes from renewable energy resources, attracting the researchers to investigate on the factors that have an effect on the performance of it. This paper presents an analytical study for evaluating the performance of PV system that generates 2.5 kWp through the deployment of this system to supply the electricity for the Engineering Consultant office, of the College of Engineering at Wasit University, Iraq (32.497 N, 45.842 E). The evaluation is conducted by monitoring the pre-defined system which consists of 10 PV modules as an array of two rows. The system is supervised for six months from 1st of Feb. until 31st of July, to assess the impact of temperature, shading, and dust on its’ output power and performance. The PV array is omitted to 8˚ south-west, and 40˚ in elevation. The results shows that the PV array is operated at efficiency of 12.12% and the maximum efficiency reached 13.01 during April. The average daily power of it, for the months from Feb. until July are: 1.347 kW, 1.421kW, 1.436, 1.215 kw, 1.045kW and 1.042 kW, respectively. The minimum average output power is recorded in summer season (June and July), because of the high ambient temperature in these months. The maximum reduction of power due to shading at 4 pm is 52.77% in February followed by March 47.7 % and April 22.93 %, while the maximum reduction in efficiency due to shading were 51.82 %, 44.71%, 23.01% in February, March and April, respectively. The reduction in power due to the dust accumulated after 54 days exposure to environments conditions was 7.88%.
Modelling and Controlling of position for electro-pneumatic system using Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) techniques and Fuzzy Logic controller
Authors: Essmat Abdul-Lateef Wisam , Alexeevich Glebov Nikolay , Hamed Farhood Naseer , Khdir Ahmed H. , Shaker Dina H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to design a low cost electro-pneumatic module which can be used in the industrial automation equipment’s, robotic systems and mechatronic applications. Electro-pneumatic module includes four low-cost on/off solenoid valves and double acting cylinder. A Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was used, which enable the model to correct the control of piston position and then to enable the system to follow the required trajectories accurately in many applications. Thus, it can be a good alternative at a lower cost than the using of proportional valves in the electro-pneumatic applications. A Fuzzy logic algorithm with PD control on the model in Matlab/Simulink environment to adjust the control values was applied. The simulation results and response of model were compared with the results from a previous practical with the similar model and controller but with a proportional valve. Finally, the simulation results showed a good accuracy with the practical results.
Performance Improvement of Photovoltaic Module Using an Air-Cooling Micro Finned Heat Sink
Authors: Hasan Ibtisam A. , Faraj Sahar R. , Mohammad Israa A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, improved PV panel was fabricated by replacing the tedlar layer with aluminum alloy micro pin fin heat sink to increase the heat transfer conduction. Air flow system was designed and implemented to apply force convection on the heat sink, which named MPFHS-PV/T integrated system, to decrease the PV module temperature. The integrated system was tested on 25Jun 2019 in Baghdad climate and the results recorded as flowing: decreasing the PV module temperature by 14.65% along with electrical performance improvement by 13% for the output power and 13.32% for efficiency. The daily averages of electrical efficiency. 1102%, thermal efficiency 40.94% and overall thermal efficiency 51.9%.
The optimum thickness of paraffin wax insulator filling a double glazed window
Authors: Jalil J M , Salih S M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A numerical three-dimensional investigation is performed to estimate the optimum doping content (i.e. thickness) of the PCM filling a double glazed window. For the summer weather of Baghdad, Iraq. Finite Volume method combined with the enthalpy method is utilized to acknowledge the conduction related with phase change problems within the wax by using a constructed FORTRAN (F90) program. Based on the constructed numerical model, the transient heat transfer characteristics of the insulation were calculated and analyzed in detail. The obtained results indicate that optimum doping content of wax filling the window can be estimated, The required thickness of wax paraffin (melting point 40 °C) to keep temperature within the required range were as follows: May 2 cm, June 3 cm, July 3.5 cm, August 3.5 cm, September 3 cm and October 1.5 cm.
Palm Olein with Jatropha Curcas Oil Blend as a Renewable Bio-Fluid
Authors: Hassan Jabal Mohammed , Saad Abd Hussain , Gaddoa A. A. , Falih Kadhim Ibrahim , Samion Syahrullail , Shajar Ameer S. , Hardan Abdulwahhab A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany bio-fluids have been introduced to replace petroleum-based products one of which is vegetable oil which has characteristics that are friendly to the environment. Based on its characteristics, it is turning into a significant bio fluid source. Vegetable oil has a great advantage over other forms of bio-oils which is its wild availability as a renewable source. Furthermore, when used in engines, vegetable oil based lubricants have the ability to decrease hydrocarbon emissions as well as carbon dioxide. Using the pure vegetable oil with no additions and using certain blending ratios are the two methods of using vegetable oil as a bio-fluid. This paper focuses on conducting an investigation on the influence of using the normal load on the performance characteristics for the blending of two types of vegetable fluid, and making a comparison between this and a commercial mineral fluid using the four ball tribotester, palm olein with Jatropha curcas oil which were mixed in (RB60/J40) ratio. All conducted experiments were conformed to ASTM D4172. It has been noticed from the obtained results that RBD palm olein and Jatropha curcas oil Blend has the ball bearings wear scar and frication coefficient less than the commercial fluid. Based on that, it is concluded that the RB60/J40 blend is more efficient than neat RBD palm olein and commercial mineral fluid as well.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Air Duct Flow By Micro-Channel Experimental And Numerical Investigation
Authors: Jalil Jalal M. , Aziz Ghada A. , Kadhim Amjed A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe heating of air flow through micro-channel was studied experimentally and numerically to examine the improvement in the thermal performance achieved by micro-channel. Numerically, laminar incompressible 3D steady-state Navier Stokes equations were solved by Finite volume method. Experimentally, a rig was built to investigate the cooling of air flow through micro-channel for different velocities and electric powers heater. The micro-channels block (length = 0.1, width = 0.05, height = 0.005 m) was manufactured from copper metal with 10 rectangular micro-channels (length = 0.1, width = 0.001, height = 0.0005 m). The performance of the microchannel was evaluated through exit air temperature value. The studied parameters numerically and experimentally were air velocities inside micro-channels (1 to 20 m/s) and heater powers (1 to 5 W). The comparison between numerical and experimental results was acceptable and reached 3% as maximum. Also the results were compared with other investigator results. High heat transfer coefficients values were achieved by micro-channel, reaches maximum value of 150 W/m2K at velocity air 20 m/s and heater power 5 W.
The Effect of Mass Flow Rate on the Thermal Performance for Solar Collector with Compound Parabolic Concentrator During the Summer Season
Authors: Farge Talib Z. , Abduljabbar Owaid H , Nsaif Asst.Lec. Mina Abdulkareem 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Present study investigated the effect of the summer season, on the thermal performance (heat energy and thermal efficiency) of the solar collector with CPC without cover, by designing a proper solar collector with compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). It was implemented a solar collector with a cylindrical receiver diameter 1.5 inches and an acceptance angle of 45˚with concentration ratio of 2.613. The surface reflector was made from stainless steel an aperture area of 0.87 m2. The orientation of the solar collector at 150˚ was set as (south-east) direction and 45˚ inclined angle at Baghdad city. The experimental results showed that the performance of the solar collector was improved significantly as the water circulation mass flow rate increased. The percentage increase in the heat energy and thermal efficiency are ( 69.95 and 68.68) % resectivelly in case of the mass flow rate of 300 kg/hr with respect to 60 kg/hr.
Design and Implementation of Water Distillation System Using Solar Energy
Authors: Farge Talib Z. , Mohammed Mohammed Jawad , Ali Jassim Nuha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn investigation of the solar distillation using a solar collector with a graduated absorbed surface has been utilized in order to improve the solar still performance. The solar collector is contained on graduated absorbing surface with 25 steps. Absorbing surface made from copper plate and dye by a thermal black pigment to increase the solar absorption. The top of the solar collector is covered by a glass with 4mm of thickness. While, the other side surfaces of the solar collector are made from the transparent plastic with 6mm of thickness. Also, Aperture area of the solar collector was 0.4526 m2. Experiments had been carried out in Baghdad (33.3˚ N latitude) during May in 2019 to investigate the performance of the still. The results appeared the maximum water production that reached up to 486 ml at the time interval between 12.30 and 1.00 pm, while the total thermal solar collector efficiency was 36%. The proposed method succeeded to reduce the TDS from 679 ppm to 39 ppm. for inlet water and outlet pureed water respectively, and the volume distilled water production was 3696 ml for the time from 7.30 am to 4.00 pm.
Outdoor testing of an evacuated tube closed two phase thermosyphon solar water heater charged with Nano-fluid
Authors: Maustafa Mahdi Mahmoud , Abed Jaddoa Ameer , Falih Kadhim Ibrahem , Asmet Wisam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the performance of two types of evacuated tube heat pipe solar water heater systems that have been experimented outdoors under the local meteorological conditions of the capital of Iraq. Tests were conducted using two systems made of the same materials but with different design specifications. To build each of the two trail system, a single evacuated tube to two phase thermosyphon is used to make the investigation of the experiments simpler. With the absence of loading conditions, experiments with the first system were conducted. Graphene water Nano-fluid (GW) was used as the working fluid in this system. The water storage tank system capacity was varied, to analyze the performance for different storage capacity. The system was operated with a flat reflector plate and without this reflector. A modified second system was built with a longer evaporator section for higher performance and with tank that enables hot water removed from it. The hot water from the storage tank was withdrawn intermittently and continuously. Graphene water (GW), Graphene acetone( GA) and distilled wate( d-W) were used as the working fluids in this second system. Energy stored at the water storage tank and overall efficiencies were calculated and found to be comparable to those obtained using natural circulation solar water heating systems. A comparison between the obtained Results and other works was made. The comparison showed that the present systems were just as good in performance. An improvement in the overall efficiency was found when operating the system under load conditions. This improved value is about 10% higher than that without load condition.
Analysis of Vector Controlled Variable Speed DFIG for Wind Turbines
Authors: Farge Talib Z. , Numan Ali H. , Hussein Ghasaq M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Double Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) has been widely used for the past two decades in large wind farms. This paper presents control and analysis of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to variable speed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). The detailed wind turbine (WT) model, DFIG dynamic model in d-q-synchronous reference frame, power electronic converters, and controllers are presented. The reactive and active power of the DFIG can be precisely decoupled by controlling the rotor side converter (RSC). The field-oriented control (FOC) strategy and the proportional-integral (PI) controllers were used to control the RSC of the DFIG. Furthermore, a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) was utilized to generate pulsing signals required to drive three phases DC-AC converter (inverter). The proposed control method of DFIG based on HAWT was verified by simulation in MATLAB-SIMULINK software. The obtained simulation results showed the capability and effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Numerical Investigation of Thermal Performance of Micro-Pin Fin with Different Arrangements
Authors: Jalil Jalal M. , Reja Ahmed H. , Hadi Amro M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The impact of micro-pin fins on heat transfer performance in this study is analyzed numerically. Navier-Stokes equations are solved by steady-state three dimensions turbulent forced convection. Various numbers of micro-pin fins with in-line configuration and different micro-pin fins configurations such as staggered configuration additionally to the in-line configuration are explored. In addition, comparison between micro-pin fins duct and smooth duct is studied. Results illustrate that the thermal performance was enhanced by 7.9 - 9.3% with increasing the number of micro-pin fins from 902 to 1312 and by 10.2 - 11.1% with increasing the number from 902 to 1640. Also, displays that the heat transfer performance in the staggered configuration is slightly better than the in-line configuration by 2.6 - 4.2% with the same micro-pin fins number. Moreover, the micro-pin fins duct gave an increase of 30.24% in heat transfer performance relative to the smooth duct.
Control on Temperature of Hybrid Nanofluid in Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Using Smart Curtain
Authors: Anead Hosham S. , Sultan Khalid F. , Salman Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research was revealed control on temperature hybrid nanofluid in evacuated tube solar collector system, where the hybrid nanofluid utilized as working fluid in ETC for enhancement the thermal performance for heating device. The smart curtain was used for purpose shadow the evacuated tube solar collector for controlling on temperature of the hybrid nanofluid in heating or cooling conditions. In addition, Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) a way of artificial intelligence was applied to control on the shadow the evacuated solar tube collector. Where the main principle of the curtain is to control the polarization of the sun radiation, the curtain work depends on three parameters were applied in ANFIS technique, two parameters are input variable like as (temperature of hybrid nanofluids (inlet, outlet) and ambient temperature, and one output parameter represents by (distance parameter).