bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling driving conditions of rock and ice avalanches and resulting cascading processes in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Zhong Yan , Allen Simon , Li Dongfeng , Corona Christophe , Zheng Guoxiong , Liu Qiao , Stoffel Markus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAmplified climate warming and the tectonically active landscape in High Mountain Asia (HMA) have led to the occurrence of 60 well-documented large rock and/or ice avalanches (RIAs), resulting in at least 1366 fatalities and extensive negative impacts on ecosystems, water resources, infrastructure, and social stability. In this study, we analyzed historical RIAs in HMA using detailed topographic, climatic, glacier, permafrost, and geotechnical data, along with medium- and high-resolution satellite imagery, to identify 23 potential driving factors. Seismic activity, permafrost thaw, lithology, and changes in precipitation were identified as important driving factors for RIAs, while stream flow, stream order, glacier area, glacier slope, glacier length, height differences, and real length were identified as important driving factors for their cascading processes. Our analysis revealed that RIAs have mostly (86%) occurred on steep slopes (> 30°) at altitudes above 3000 m asl, with a prevalence of slopes facing northeast. Almost half of the RIAs produce cascading processes, which on average travel further and lead to a tenfold increase in fatalities compared to single events. Cascading processes are more likely to occur from smaller (glacier area < 3 km2), steeper-sloped (glacier slope > 30°) hanging glaciers. Debris volume, water volume, and topography are three main drivers of cascading processes. Medium-sized source volumes (106 m3 ~ 108 m3) are most susceptible to transform into cascading processes. Statistical analysis indicates that the probability of a RIA transforming into a cascading process significantly increases when the event occurs near high-flow river systems, amplifying potential disasters. These findings offer baseline information on RIA hazards and their cascading processes in HMA, facilitating improved hazard modelling and risk assessment.
Drought adaptation in Austrian agriculture: empirically based farmer types
Authors: Kropf Bernadette , Seebauer Sebastian , Larcher Manuela , Vogel Stefan , Mitter Hermine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFarmers perceive and appraise climate change, related risks and opportunities as well as adaptation measures differently. Such differences are not well understood and rarely considered in extension services, outreach activities and agricultural policies. We aim to develop empirically based farmer types, who differ in their socio-cognitive and emotional processes towards droughts, their expected drought impacts, their appraisal of drought adaptation measures, and their previous and intended implementation of such measures. The Model of Private Pro-Active Adaptation to Climate Change provides the theoretical foundation for a three-phase procedure of semi-structured interviews, a standardized survey and a qualitative workshop. The principal component analysis reveals eight socio-cognitive and emotional processes of relevance for forming the famer types of drought adaptation: perceived opportunities resulting from droughts, perceived effectiveness of drought adaptation measures, negative affect towards droughts, perceived work effort and perceived social approval of drought adaptation measures, fatalism, trust in public measures, and perceived self-efficacy. Cluster analyses of these processes yield four types of Austrian farmers. The social implementers perceive themselves as capable, and drought adaptation measures as effective, socially approved, and effortless. The unaffected profiteers have hardly been affected by droughts and perceive beneficial impacts due to a decline in precipitation. The trusting fearfuls have already experienced severe drought impacts and express intense negative affect towards droughts. The passive fatalists focus on avoidance and do neither trust in important others nor in public measures. The identified farmer types of drought adaptation may support the design of climate and agricultural policy instruments and of tailor-made education and communication programs, for instance to increase self-efficacy and reduce fatalism.
The association between pre-pregnancy and first-trimester hair cortisol and preterm birth: a causal inference model
Authors: Chen Yinxian , Künzel Richard G. , Sanchez Sixto E. , Rondon Marta B. , Pinto Nelida I. , Sanchez Elena , Kirschbaum Clemens , Valeri Linda , Koenen Karestan C. , Gelaye Bizu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdverse life events and chronic psychological distress before and during pregnancy have frequently been associated with preterm birth but the biological underpinnings remain unclear. We investigated the association between corticosteroid levels in pre-pregnancy and first-trimester hair and the risk of preterm birth. We followed N = 1,807 pregnant women from a prospective pre-birth cohort study in Lima, Perú. Hair samples were taken at the end of the first pregnancy trimester. The two most proximal 3 cm segments to the scalp (representing pre-pregnancy and first-trimester) were analyzed to obtain hair cortisol and cortisone concentrations (HCC and HCNC). Preterm birth was defined as birth < 37 completed gestational weeks. We constructed four generalized propensity scores for pre-pregnancy and first-trimester HCC and HCNC to create corresponding inverse probability weights before fitting marginal structural models for estimating the effect of HCC and HCNC on preterm birth risk. Pre-pregnancy Log HCC was not independently associated with preterm birth risk (RR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.79, 1.19), nor was pre-pregnancy Log HCNC (RR = 0.84; 95%CI: 0.58, 1.20). In the first trimester, a one SD increase in Log HCC was associated with a 37% increased risk of preterm birth (95%CI: 1.11, 1.69), whereas Log HCNC was not significantly associated with preterm birth risk (RR = 1.20; 95%CI: 0.87, 1.65). Our findings show that chronic corticosteroid levels in early pregnancy are causally linked to preterm birth risk in pregnant Peruvian women. This finding contributes to understanding the biological underpinnings of preterm birth better to enhance its prevention.
Maternal fatty acid intake and human embryonic growth: the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort
Authors: Rubini Eleonora , van Rossem Lenie , Schoenmakers Sam , Willemsen Sten P. , Sinclair Kevin D. , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P. M. , Rousian Melek 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe required intake of macronutrients by women during the periconceptional period for optimal fetal growth is the subject of ongoing investigation. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is positively associated with fetal neural development, growth velocity and birth weight. However, limited evidence indicates that PUFAs play a role in embryogenesis. We aim to investigate the associations between maternal PUFA dietary intake and first trimester embryonic volume (EV) and head volume (HV). In a prospective cohort study (2013–2020), 464 pregnant women at < 8 weeks of gestation were included. Maternal dietary intake of PUFAs, including omega 3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA and eicosapentaeonic acid, EPA) and 6, was obtained from food frequency questionnaires, and first trimester three-dimensional ultrasound examinations were performed to measure EV and HV using Virtual Reality techniques. More than 70% of the population had omega 3 intakes below recommendations. A higher intake of PUFAs was associated with a smaller embryonic HV/EV ratio after adjusting for confounders (EPA p = 0.012, DHA p = 0.015, omega 3 and 6 p < 0.001), but no associations were found with EV or HV alone. Omega 3 from fish oil supplements alone was not associated with embryonic growth. Strong adherence to a PUFA-rich dietary pattern was associated with a smaller embryonic HV/EV ratio (DHA and EPA-rich diet p = 0.054, PUFA-rich diet p = 0.002). It is important to increase awareness of the high prevalence of omega 3-deficiency among pregnant women, and the opportunity for prevention by increasing PUFA intake, thereby reducing the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes which originate during the periconceptional period.
Automatic text simplification for French: model fine-tuning for simplicity assessment and simpler text generation
Authors: Ormaechea Lucía , Tsourakis Nikos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutomatic text simplification models face the challenge of generating outputs that, while being indeed simpler, still retain some complexity. This stems from the inherently relative nature of simplification, wherein a given text is transformed into a relatively simpler version, which does not necessarily equate to simple. We thus aim to propose a finer-grained method to assess sentence complexity in French. Our solution comprises three models, in which two address absolute and relative sentence complexity assessment, while the third focuses on measuring simplicity gain. By employing this triad of models, we aim to offer a comprehensive approach to qualify and quantify sentence simplicity. Our approach utilizes FlauBERT, fine-tuned for classification and regression tasks. Based on our three-dimensional complexity analysis, we provide the WiViCo dataset, comprising 46,525 aligned complex-simpler pairs, which is further leveraged to fine-tune different FLAN-T5-based language models for simplified text generation. In this context, we perform different evaluation tasks that contrast human evaluations with BLEU and SARI metrics for the generated simplifications, the models’ computational efficiency and environmental impact.
Electrical cardiometry for non-invasive cardiac output monitoring: a method comparison study in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Greiwe Gillis , Saad Rami , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Neumann Niklas , Tariparast Pischtaz , Saugel Bernd , Flick Moritz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCardiac output can be estimated non-invasively by electrical cardiometry with the ICON® monitor (Osypka Medical GmbH, Berlin, Germany). Conflicting results have been reported regarding the cardiac output measurement performance of electrical cardiometry. In this prospective method comparison study, we compared cardiac output measured using electrical cardiometry (EC-CO; test method) with cardiac output measured using intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution (PATD-CO; reference method) in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We calculated the mean of the differences with 95%-limits of agreement (95%-LOA) and their corresponding 95%-confidence intervals (95%-CI) using Bland–Altman analysis and calculated the percentage error. We also analyzed trending using four-quadrant plot analysis. We analyzed 157 paired cardiac output measurements of 41 patients. Mean ± standard deviation PATD-CO was 5.1 ± 1.3 L/min and mean EC-CO was 5.3 ± 1.3 L/min. The mean of the differences ± SD between PATD-CO and EC-CO was −0.2 (95%-CI −0.5 to 0.2) ± 1.2 L/min with a lower 95%-LOA of −2.6 (95%-CI −3.1 to −2.0) L/min and an upper 95%-LOA of 2.3 (95%-CI 1.6 to 2.9) L/min. The percentage error was 47% (95%-CI, 37 to 56%). The concordance rate for cardiac output changes was 48%. In this study, the agreement between EC-CO and PATD-CO was not clinically acceptable in patients after CABG surgery. The trending ability of EC-CO was poor.
Validating the Core Set for Vocational Rehabilitation in a Population of Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Paltrinieri Sara , Pellegrini Martina , Costi Stefania , Fugazzaro Stefania , Vicentini Massimo , Mancuso Pamela , Giorgi Rossi Paolo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Core Set for Vocational Rehabilitation (CS-VR), a checklist based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), captures the work functioning of individuals requiring VR. By listening to cancer survivors’ experiences and stakeholders’ perspectives, the CS-VR-Onco of 85 ICF-based categories was obtained. The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of the CS-VR-Onco by measuring this tool’s ability to detect differences among cancer survivors in terms of perceived return to work (RTW)-related difficulties.

Methods
A sample of 300 working-age individuals with a first diagnosis of cancer was selected through the local Cancer Registry. Of these 300, those employed individuals who had returned to work were deemed eligible. Through a guided interview, participants reported and described their perceived RTW-related difficulties using the terminology of the CS-VR-Onco. Frequencies and means were used to compare the results of (a) cancer survivors who reported having had difficulties with those who had not, and (b) cancer survivors who had undergone chemotherapy (CT) with those who had not.

Results
Of the 104 respondents, 35 cancer survivors (Group 1) reported having had RTW-related difficulties and CS-VR-Onco-described problems, while 54 reported no difficulties but did highlight some problems (Group 2), and 15 reported neither difficulties nor problems (Group 3). The categories of the CS-VR-Onco that were prioritized were similar across groups, but Group 1 had higher frequencies than did Group 2 + 3 in 69 categories out of 85. In the second comparison, 40 cancer survivors who had undergone CT had higher frequencies than did 64 cancer survivors who had not undergone CT, but this trend was not applicable to 23 categories of the CS-VR-Onco. Seven categories were not reported as problems by all participants.

Conclusion
The CS-VR-Onco identified more problems in cancer survivors who reported RTW-related difficulties and differences between cancer survivors who had undergone CT and those who had not. These results contribute to assessing the preliminary validity of the tool.
Fostering Knowledge and Awareness about Healthy Nutrition through Science-based Educational Escape Games
Authors: Barak Miri , Yachin Tal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of diseases stemming from poor nutrition emphasizes the importance of educating people about healthy eating habits. One approach to achieving this is through educational escape games, which embody the features of a situated learning environment. Utilized the situated learning theory as a theoretical and methodological framework, the goal of our study was to examine the role of science-based educational escape games in facilitating knowledge construction and awareness about healthy nutrition. The study was conducted in the setting of a science teacher preparation program, where 165 preservice science teachers were engaged in an escape game named Zombie Attack about proteins in food and the human body. The study applied the pretest-posttest design, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently before and after game participation. The findings showed that the escape game experience had a positive effect on the participants’ knowledge gain associated with topics such as energy of macronutrients, protein percent daily value, and proteins in the body. With regards to awareness about healthy nutrition, the study identified five types: Health, Composition, Environment, Source, and Ethics, with a significant gain in all categories following the escape game experience. Overall, the study advocates the use of escape games as a method for fostering interactive learning of scientific concepts, encouraging collaborative problem-solving, and facilitating self-reflection activities.
Wie können Lehrkräfte grammatische Fähigkeiten im Grundschulalltag ökonomisch diagnostizieren?
Authors: Paul Michèle , Grosche Michael 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungGrammatische Fähigkeiten sind zentral für den schulischen Erfolg und gleichzeitig noch eine herausfordernde Erwerbsaufgabe für Grundschulkinder. Um den grammatischen Sprachstand von Grundschulkindern ökonomisch zu ermitteln, eignen sich insbesondere zweistufige Diagnostiken (Stufe 1: Screening mit gesamter Klasse, Stufe 2: Einzeldiagnostik). Ziel dieser Studie ist die Entwicklung eines zeitsparenden grammatischen Diagnoseverfahrens für den Grundschulalltag. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Evaluation eines selbstentwickelten Screenings namens Monsterspiel auf Stufe 1 an einer Stichprobe von 540 Grundschulkindern. Die Bewertung der prädiktiven Leistung des Monsterspiels erfolgt im Kontrast zu einem Einschätzungsbogen sowie einer Globalfrage für Lehrkräfte. Die adaptierte Profilanalyse nach Grießhaber dient als Stufe 2 der Diagnostik. Die Güteindizes zur prognostischen Validität zeigen, dass das Monsterspiel gutes Potenzial hat, als Screening auf Stufe 1 zur Erfassung der grammatischen Fähigkeiten Verbendstellung und Kasusmarkierung für Akkusativ und Dativ eingesetzt zu werden.
Effect of silt fines on the undrained monotonic behavior of compacted tuff soil
Authors: Ezziane Mohammed , Henni Ahmed Djafar , Denine Sidali , Benyahia Bilal Ahmed , Boumezerane Djamalddine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study explores the influence of silt content on the undrained monotonic behavior of compacted tuff. All undrained triaxial tests were performed at both relative densities D
r = 50 and 90% and compacted with the optimum water content on tuff soil mixed with silt in the range of 0 to 50%. Experimental results show that adding fines content (FC) up to 20% increases the resistance of dense compacted tuff (D
r = 90%) by about 35% for 100 kPa of confining pressure, and the addition of 10% silt fines results in a maximum increase of 15.71% in the medium dense state specimen (D
r = 50%). The deviator stress reveals a decrease by adding more than 20% of silt. Moreover, the soil cohesion was found to attain maximum values with the optimum silt percentage of FC = 10% for medium-density samples (D
r = 50%) and FC = 20% for dense samples (D
r = 90%), respectively. Finally, the study showed a direct correlation between the cohesion of the soil prepared in a dense state (D
r = 90%) and the soil’s maximum dry density (MDD). In particular, the maximum dry density corresponds to a higher cohesion.
Optimizing Oil-Contaminated Wastewater Purification with Polypropylene Thread Waste
Authors: Gruzinova Valerija , Romanovski Valentin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increasing generation of oil-containing wastewater poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating the development of effective and sustainable filtration materials. Polypropylene thread scraps, a waste product from textile manufacturing, present a potential low-cost alternative to industrially produced polypropylene fibrous filters. This study evaluates the filtration properties of these scraps to determine their viability for oil product removal from wastewater. The polypropylene thread scraps exhibited promising physical characteristics: a fiber diameter range of 10–120 μm, bulk density between 100 and 200 kg/m3, total porosity of 78–89%, and a specific surface area of 75 m2/kg. Their hydrophobic nature is comparable to that of commercial polypropylene filter materials. Experimental studies demonstrated that the thread scraps could effectively remove oil products at a 70% efficiency, with a maximum specific wastewater volume of 8 L/g. The oil capacity for oil products was measured at 51.1 mg/g, which decreased to 36.2 mg/g after regeneration by washing with hot water at 70 °C. The optimal filtration parameters were identified as a material packing density of 65 kg/m3, filtration speed of 3.5 m/h, and a loading height of 1.5 m, achieving removal efficiencies of 82.0% for oil products and 91.5% for suspended solids. Polypropylene thread scraps demonstrate significant potential as a sustainable filtration material for oil-containing wastewater, offering comparable performance to industrial filters. Their ability to be regenerated and reused further enhances their cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits. This research supports the use of polypropylene thread scraps as a viable solution for wastewater treatment, contributing to waste reduction and improved environmental management.
Graphical abstract
Medicated and multifunctional composite alginate-collagen-hyaluronate based scaffolds prepared using two different crosslinking approaches show potential for healing of chronic wounds
Authors: Afzali Meena , Esfandiaribayat Nessa , Boateng Joshua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChronic wounds present significant challenges with high morbidity and mortality. A cost-effective dressing that can absorb large exudate volumes, is hemostatic and therapeutically active is of current interest. This study compares two crosslinking approaches on composite scaffolds comprising fish collagen (FCOL), hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA) by respectively targeting HA and SA. Crosslinking involved reacting HA with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE)/itaconic acid (IT) (IPC scaffolds) or SA with calcium chloride (CC scaffolds) and the crosslinked gels (with/without BSA) freeze-dried. Selected optimized formulations were loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) as medicated scaffold dressings. NMR and FTIR spectroscopies (crosslinking/component interactions), SEM (morphology), texture analysis (mechanical strength/adhesion), and exudate handling were used to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the scaffolds. Protein (BSA) release profiles, hemostasis, biocompatibility and wound closure were assessed using HPLC, whole blood and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and scratch assays respectively. The CC SA:FCOL:HA scaffolds showed improved mechanical strength, porosity, water vapor transmission rate, retained structural integrity after absorbing 50% exudate and promoted cell proliferation. The IPC scaffolds showed enhanced structural integrity, excellent hemostasis, retained three times more exudate than non-crosslinked scaffolds and provided acceptable pore size for cell adhesion and proliferation. The results show potential of CC and IPC SA:FCOL:HA scaffolds as medicated dressings for delivering proteins to chronic wounds. The study’s significance lies in their potential use as multifunctional, multi-targeted and therapeutic dressings to overcome challenges with chronic wounds and use as delivery platforms for other therapeutic agents for chronic wound healing.
Graphical Abstract