bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA among blood donors: A multicenter study in Hubei, China
Authors: Chang Le , Yan Ying , Zhao Lei , Hu Guibin , Deng Lijuan , Su Dan , Peng Dongju , Nie Xinjiao , Wang Song , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Jundao , Ruan Zhong , Gao Shouliang , Yang Huasong , Guo Fei , Wang Lunan 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA could be detected in the blood of infected cases. From February 9, all blood establishments in Hubei province, China, implemented nucleic acid testing (NAT) for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA among blood donors to ensure blood safety.Study Design and MethodsNucleic acid test screening individually (ID) or by minipool (MP) testing was performed according to the manufacturerʼs instructions. Inactivated culture supernatant of SARS‐CoV‐2–infected Vero cells was quantified by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and series diluted with negative plasma to evaluate the assayʼs performance.ResultsThe limit of detection of the kit for MP testing was 62.94 and 33.14 copies/mL for N and ORF1ab region, respectively. ID testing could achieve 3.87 and 4.85 copies/mL for two regions using 1600 μL of plasma. Coefficients of variations of two different concentrations of reference samples were all less than 5% in MP testing. As of April 30, 2020, a total of 98,342 blood donations including 87,095 whole blood donations and 11,247 platelet donations were tested by ID or MP testing, and no RNAemia was found. In addition, Hubei province suffered precipitously decreased blood supply, especially in February: 86% reduction compared with the same period of 2019.ConclusionNucleic acid test screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 on blood donations is suitable in blood establishments using the commercial real‐time PCR detection kit based on available instruments. The negative result indicated that SARS‐CoV‐2 appears to be no direct threat to blood safety but raises some serious issues for general blood supply.
The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research
Authors: Percie du Sert Nathalie , Hurst Viki , Ahluwalia Amrita , Alam Sabina , Avey Marc T. , Baker Monya , Browne William J. , Clark Alejandra , Cuthill Innes C. , Dirnagl Ulrich , Emerson Michael , Garner Paul , Holgate Stephen T. , Howells David W. , Karp Natasha A. , Lazic Stanley E. , Lidster Katie , MacCallum Catriona J. , Macleod Malcolm , Pearl Esther J. , Petersen Ole H. , Rawle Frances , Reynolds Penny , Rooney Kieron , Sena Emily S. , Silberberg Shai D. , Steckler Thomas , Würbel Hanno 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour, and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into 2 sets, the ‘ARRIVE Essential 10,’ which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the ‘Recommended Set,’ which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts, and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers, and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
Chatter Stability of Machining Operations
Authors: Altintas Yusuf , Stepan Gabor , Budak Erhan , Schmitz Tony , Kilic Zekai Murat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews the dynamics of machining and chatter stability research since the first stability laws were introduced by Tlusty and Tobias in the 1950s. The paper aims to introduce the fundamentals of dynamic machining and chatter stability, as well as the state of the art and research challenges, to readers who are new to the area. First, the unified dynamic models of mode coupling and regenerative chatter are introduced. The chatter stability laws in both the frequency and time domains are presented. The dynamic models of intermittent cutting, such as milling, are presented and their stability solutions are derived by considering the time-periodic behavior. The complexities contributed by highly intermittent cutting, which leads to additional stability pockets, and the contribution of the tool's flank face to process damping are explained. The stability of parallel machining operations is explained. The design of variable pitch and serrated cutting tools to suppress chatter is presented. The paper concludes with current challenges in chatter stability of machining which remains to be the main obstacle in increasing the productivity and quality of manufactured parts.
Wear Performance Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions of Post Boriding Heat Treatment in 4140 Steel
Authors: Morón R. C. , Arellano-Ortiz G. A. , Rodríguez-Castro G. A. , Meneses-Amador A. , Cruz-Ramírez A. , Méndez-Méndez J. V. , Campos-Silva I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe tribological performance of borided, post borided heat-treated and uncoated 4140 steel, under dry and lubricated conditions, was studied. The boriding process was conducted by powder-pack method at 900 °C with 1 h of exposure time. After boriding, a heat treatment (quenching and tempering) was conducted to obtain a hardened core microstructure of the 4140 borided steel. The tribological tests were performed with an Al2O3 ball of 6.35 mm of diameter, setting sliding distances of 25, 50, and 100 m. The loads used were 20 and 40 N in dry and lubricated conditions, respectively. Overall samples, the coefficient of friction was reduced around five times when lubricant was used, in comparison to dry tests. After 100 m of sliding distance, it was observed that the wear resistance increased around ten times with boriding. The dry results showed that borided (B) exhibited better wear-rate kB = 7.06 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1 than borided and heat-treated (BHT) kBHT = 9.93 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1, attributed to its higher hardness. Nevertheless, the lubricated results showed that the surface characteristics of BHT improved its wear resistance kBHT = 5.25 × 10−8 mm3 N−1 m−1 over kB = 1.68 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1 of borided only, because it permitted a better adsorption of the lubricant.
Failure Mechanisms of Equal and Unequal Wall Thickness Hybrid Maraging Steel-P20 Tubular Joints: Effects of Welding Residual Stresses
Authors: Ebrahimi Alireza , Kenny Shawn , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Joining an additively manufactured component to a forged or cast part through welding processes has recently attracted the attention of engineers and scientists. This technique integrates the technical benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) technology with conventional processes that may be more cost-efficient. In this paper, the effect of residual stresses on the mechanical performance of a hybrid welded pipe joint connecting an additively manufactured maraging steel (MS1) pipe segment with a conventional P20 steel tube having an equivalent outside diameter was studied. A sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical continuum finite element (FE) modeling procedure to predict the residual stress state on circumferential pipe hybrid MS1-P20 joints subjected to multi-axial loads was developed and validated. Available experimental data on a welded pipe joint with conventional stainless steel (SUS304) were used to calibrate the model. The FE modeling procedures were further validated for the hybrid MS1-P20 joint. The predicted residual stress state was mapped on the pipe joint with equal and unequal wall thickness joint transitions. The mechanical performance of these pipe joints was evaluated with the application of internal pressure, uniaxial tension, and flexural loads. The major contribution of this study was the proposition of a new concept of hybrid joints, where a significant transition of the load was expected. The new hybrid joint concept was presented to meet the existing design criteria requirements without sacrificing other parameters (e.g., component weight and manufacturing expense) and facilitate the production of hybrid components using AM techniques.
Comparative Study of Extreme Value Estimation Approaches for Mooring Lines Top Tension Responses
Authors: Simão Marina Leivas , Sagrilo Luis Volnei Sudati , Videiro Paulo Maurício , de Oliveira Mauro Costa , Naess Arvid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is known that the mooring system response of floating production units subjected to environmental loads is nonlinear. Even though wave elevations can be assumed as Gaussian processes for short-term periods, corresponding line tension responses generally are not, due to second-order slow-drift floater motions and intrinsic nonlinearities of the system. In this work, short-term extreme responses are estimated based on two different approaches. In the first one, a number of probability distributions are fitted to the tension time histories’ peaks samples and classic order statistics is applied to determine the most probable extreme line tension corresponding to a short-time period (3-h) in order to identify the one with best performance. The effect of correlation between consecutive peaks in the extremes estimation is investigated through the one-step Markov chain condition by using a Nataf transformation-based model. In the second approach, a more robust and recently developed method named average conditional exceedance rate (ACER) is investigated, where dependencies between maxima can be easily taken into account. Additionally, effects of major parameters in dynamic analyses, such as simulation length and discretization level of the wave spectrum, are evaluated. All time-series-based extreme estimates are compared with the estimates directly obtained from a sample of epochal maxima (Gumbel method). Numerical examples cover two study cases for mooring lines belonging to Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) units installed offshore Brazil. It is shown that the consideration of dependence between peaks leads to lower extreme estimates and that both approaches return accurate results.
Rare-Earth Oxides Blended With Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings for Improved Resistance to Sand Adherence and Calcia-Magnesia-Alumino-Silicate (CMAS) Infiltration
Authors: Mock Clara , Walock Michael J. , Wright Andrew , Nieto Andy , Ghoshal Anindya , Murugan Muthuvel , Pepi Marc 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Military rotorcraft are particularly susceptible to engine damage from environmental particulates. While inertial particle separators are efficient at removing large particles, fine particulates (75 μm or smaller) are still entering the engine. Once into the hot-section, these fine particulates melt, impinge the hot-section components, and solidify as calcia-magnesia-alumina-silicate (CMAS) glasses. Infiltration from these glassy deposits can significantly reduce component lifetimes through the loss of strain tolerance and increased thermal conductivity within the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) protecting the underlying substrates. Engine life knockdowns can lead to significant increases in the operations and sustainment costs of military aviation assets. In addition, the adhesion and build-up of the glassy CMAS deposit on hot-section components can lead to rapid performance degradation, which has resulted in the loss of aircraft and loss of life incidents during military operations in particle-laden environments. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is working to develop sandphobic coatings that are resistance to molten sand adhesion and the buildup of glassy CMAS deposits. To this end, this paper/presentation will focus on recent results from blending rare-earth oxides (REO) with yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings. Gadolinia powder was mixed with eight (8) weight percent yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) powder for consolidation via air plasma spray onto Inconel 718 discs (1-in diameter) and tested in the Hot Particulate Ingestion Rig (HPIR) under engine-relevant conditions, using AFRL-02 synthetic sand. The as-processed and tested samples were characterized using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Preliminary results show that mixing REOs with 8YSZ can significantly reduce molten sand adhesion compared to pure 8YSZ.
Current and future usefulness and potential of virtual simulation in improving outcomes and reducing complications in endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Ospel Johanna Maria , Kashani Nima , Mayank Arnuv , Liebig Thomas , Kaesmacher Johannes , Holtmannspötter Markus , Shankar Jai , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Mitha Alim P , Wong John H , Goyal Mayank 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSimulation training has been used in the aviation industry and surgical specialties for many years, but integration into neurointerventional practice is lagging behind.ObjectiveTo investigate how neurointerventionalists perceive the usefulness and limitations of simulation tools for the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs), and to identify simulation applications that were perceived to be most valuable for endovascular UIA treatment.MethodsA web-based international multidisciplinary survey was conducted among neurointerventionalists. Participants were asked for their perceptions on the usefulness of current simulation tools and the potential impact of future simulation tools in endovascular UIA treatment. They identified simulation applications that could add most value to endovascular UIA treatment and help to specifically reduce endovascular UIA treatment complications.Results233 neurointerventionalists from 38 countries completed the survey, most of whom (157/233 (67.4%)) had access to a simulator as a trainee, but only 15.3% used it frequently. Most participants (117/233 (50.2%)) considered currently available simulation tools relatively useful for endovascular UIA treatment, with greater value for trainees than for staff. Simulation of new devices (147/233 (63.1%)) and virtual practice runs in individual patient anatomy (119/233 (51.1%)) were considered most valuable for reducing endovascular UIA treatment complications.ConclusionAlthough neurointerventionalists perceived currently available simulation tools relatively useful, they did not use them regularly during their training. A priori testing of new devices and practice runs in individual patient anatomy in a virtual environment were thought to have the greatest potential for reducing endovascular UIA treatment complications.
Connecting understandings of weather and climate: steps towards co-production of knowledge and collaborative environmental management in Inuit Nunangat
Authors: Fox Shari , Qillaq Esa , Angutikjuak Ilkoo , Tigullaraq Dennis Joseph , Kautuk Robert , Huntington Henry , Liston Glen E. , Elder Kelly 
Published: July 2020

Inuit hunters and meteorologists alike pay close attention to weather and weather changes, with deep understandings. This paper describes a long-time research project based in Kangiqtugaapik (Clyde River), Nunavut, where a research team of Inuit and visiting scientists have combined information and knowledge from a community-based weather station network, on-going interviews and discussions, and extensive travel (both Arctic fieldwork and visits to southern universities) to co-produce knowledge related to human–weather relationships and weather information needs and uses in one Nunavut community. The project uses the concept of “HREVs”, human-relevant environmental variables — complex, synthesis variables that, used in conjunction with a host of social variables, assist in informing safe land travel and activities. This work, including linking Inuit knowledge and environmental modeling, can be expanded to not only understand human–weather relationships more broadly and in other locations but also provide insights into the process of building diverse research teams and knowledge co-production. Inuit angunasuktiit amma silalirijiit tamarmik ujjiqsuttiasuunguvut silamit amma silaup asijjiqpallianingani, tukisiumaniqarjuaqłutik. Una paippaangujuq unikkaarivuq akuniujumi qaujitasaqtaunirmut piliriangujumi Kangiqtugaapik (Clyde River), Nunavummi, qaujisaqtiujuni katinngajuni Inungni amma pularaqtunut qaujisaqtiujunut katirisimajuni uqausiksani amma qaujimaniujumi nunalingni−tunngavilingmi silalirivvingmi tusaumatittiniujumi, apiqsuqtaunginnaqtuni amma uqallangniujuni, amma aullaaqsimarjuaqłutik (tamakkit Ukiuqtaqtumi iniujumi piliriniujumi amma pulararniujunut qallunaat nunanganni silattuqsarvigjuangujunut) saqqitittiqatigiingnirmut qaujimaniujumi pijjutiqaqtumut inungnut−silamut piliriqatigiingniujuni amma silamut uqausiksani pijariaqarniujunut amma aturniujunut atausirmi Nunavummi nunaliujumi. Piliriangujuq atusuunguvuq isumagijauniujumi “HREVs”, inungnut-atuutilingnut avatimut ajjigiinnginniujunut – nalunaqtuni, katinniujuni isumagijauniujuni aaqqiksinirnut piliri−jusiujumi ajjigiinnginniujuni, atuqatiqaqłuni ilagijaujumi inuuqatigiingujunut ajjigiinnginniujunit, ikajuqsuisuunguvuq aaqqiksuinirmi attananngittumi nunami aullaarniujumi amma qanuiliurniujunut. Una piliriniujuq ilaqaqtumi kasuqatiqarnirmi inuit qaujimajanginni amma avatimut uukturautiqarnirmi, angigligiaqtaujunnaqpuq tukisiumanituangunngittumi inungt-silamut piliriqatigiingniujumi tauvunngaujjiniujumi ammalu asinginni iniujunut, kisiani tunisijunnaqpuq tukisirjuarniujuni piliriniujuni sananirmut ajjigiinngiruluujaqtuni qaujisaqtiujunut katinngajuni amma qaujimanirmut saqqitittiqatigiingniujumi.
Evidencing a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Subpopulation Sensitive to the Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib
Authors: Fraunhoffer Nicolas A. , Abuelafia Analía Meilerman , Bigonnet Martin , Gayet Odile , Roques Julie , Telle Emmanuel , Santofimia-Castaño Patricia , Borrello María Teresa , Chuluyan Eduardo , Dusetti Nelson , Iovanna Juan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer with a survival rate less than 5%. Multiple chemotherapeutic drugs have been tested to improve patient prognosis; however, the clinical efficacy of these treatments is low. One of the most controversial family of drugs are the proteasome inhibitors, which have displayed promising effects in preclinical studies, but low clinical performance. Here, we unravel a specific transcriptomic signature that discriminates a subgroup of patients sensitive to the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib.

Experimental Design:
First, we identified a subpopulation of PDAC-derived primary cells cultures (PDPCC) sensitive to the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Then, we selected a transcriptomic signature that predicts carfilzomib chemosensitivity using independent component analysis on the transcriptome of PDPCC. Finally, we validated the signature in an independent cohort of PDAC biopsy-derived pancreatic organoids.

Results:
Sensitive phenotype was characterized by a high expression of genes related with a cornified/squamous pathway and a downregulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition genes. Interestingly, carfilzomib-sensitive transcriptomic profile did not show any association with the proteasome activity but strongly correlates with ATF4 and CHOP expression, which are key markers of the unfolded protein response and critical to trigger the cell death program. Concordantly, sensitive phenotype showed a high level of the de novo RNA and protein synthesis compared with the resistant one and, most important, cell death induced by carfilzomib is dependent of the translational activity.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate the existence of a carfilzomib-sensitive PDAC subgroup with a specific transcriptomic phenotype that could explain the biological reason for this responsiveness.
Medical Negligence Litigation and Apologies: An Empirical Examination
Authors: Tumelty Mary-Elizabeth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Research has evidenced the various aims of patient-plaintiffs and/or their families in medical negligence litigation, with emphasis frequently placed on the importance of an apology. Drawing on the findings of an empirical study conducted in Ireland, this article contributes to the discourse on apologies in medical negligence disputes. In particular, with reference to the findings of the research and the literature, it discusses components of apologies deemed to be important by patient-plaintiffs and/or their families. The article concludes by arguing that legislative protection for apologies in isolation will not necessarily increase the use or effectiveness of apologies in medical negligence disputes, and a combination of measures is required.
From Fear to Awe in Luzzatto’s Mesillat Yesharim
Authors: Garb Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Perhaps the key term in musar writing is yir’ah. In early modern musar texts, usually incorporating kabbalistic discourse, this term is rendered as ‘fear.’ A striking exception is R. Moshe Ḥayyim Luzzatto’s Mesillat Yesharim, arguably one of the canonical texts of Jewish modernity. A close reading of the chapters devoted to yir’ah reveals that Luzzatto frames this term as ‘awe,’ moving away from the discourse on punishment and hell typical of early modern musar. An examination of the psychology behind this move shows that Luzzatto associates fear with the lower instinct of self-preservation, calling for its sublimation into self-abnegation in awe of divine presence. Mesillat Yesharim then became foundational for similar moves in later Jewish modernity. Without wishing to venture into claims as to inter-religious influence and response, it is instructive to compare Luzzatto’s approach to that of his Christian contemporaries, the ‘fire and brimstone’ preachers of the Great Awakening.