bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Parkia biglobosa Leaves as Green Manure for the Fertilization of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Olatunji Kehinde Oladoke , Ogunkunle Oyetola , Moses Cecilia 
Published: October 2020

Aim: To investigate the use of Parkia biglobosa leaves as a source of organic nutrients for maize production.
Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out at the research field of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Lagos State Field Office, Nigeria during the early planting season (March/April) of 2018.
Methodology: A field research was carried out to compare the growth and yield of maize when Parkia biglobosa leaves and inorganic fertilizer were used as nutrients sources. Four factorial treatments combinations of Parkia biglobosa leaves, NPK fertilizer, combined Parkia biglobosa leaves and NPK fertilizer, and a control experiment was ordered in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. The plants height, number of leaves and surface areas were recorded at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting while the maize yields were considered at the end of the experiment.
Results: The study showed that the treatment with the combination of Parkia biglobosa leaves and inorganic fertilizer produced the highest indexes of plant tallness, foliage number and surface areas. Maize yields of 2816.66, 2700, 2316.66 and 1566.66 kg/ha were recorded from treatments with Parkia biglobosa leaves and inorganic fertilizer combination, inorganic fertilizer, Parkia biglobosa leaves and the control experiment, respectively.
Conclusion: These results reflected that the incorporated effect of Parkia biglobosa leaves and inorganic fertilizer at the rate of 50:50 gives the best maize growth and yield index.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Clients towards COVID-19 at Primary Healthcare Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Edet Clement Kevin , Wegbom Anthony Ike , Kiri Victor Alangibi 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In spite of all the measures introduced to fight the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in Nigeria by relevant authorities, it is still ravaging the country. This calls for the commitment and responsibility of the citizens in their adherence to all the control measures and guidelines, whose effectiveness is dependent on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study investigated the KAP of clients who attended primary healthcare facilities (PHFs) in Rivers State, Nigeria over the period 16th to 20th June 2020.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving the clients seeking care at the public primary healthcare facilities in the 23 local government areas (LGAs) of Rivers State, Nigeria as respondents. Using descriptive analysis, the results for each of the quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, whilst those for the categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. The association between the responses on KAP and demographic characteristics were tested using the Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with KAP and statistical significance was assessed at P<0.05.
Results: Out of 460 questionnaires distributed, 434 respondents participated in the survey, revealing a 94.3% response rate. The proportion of respondents with moderate and above scores in knowledge, attitude, and COVID-19 related practices are 86.6% (62.9+23.7), 80.6% (57.6+23.0), and 58.0% (30.8+27.2) respectively. Occupation, educational level, and senatorial districts are associated with knowledge and attitude, whilst age and senatorial districts are associated with the level of adherence to preventive practices; knowledge level also has associations with both attitude and practices towards COVID-19.
Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, we suggest public health education programs on COVID-19 should target individuals with low knowledge levels, lower educational attainment, and those residing in the Rivers South-East senatorial zone in the promotion of their messages on COVID-19.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Kleptomania: A Case Study
Authors: Biomy Saad Riad El. 
Published: October 2020

Kleptomania is a disabling impulse control disorder, that can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This was achieved through the results of a case study. The presenting case is 20-year-old college student. The complaint at the first interview was that she was stealing from others during childhood, with other symptoms matching DSM-5 for diagnosis of kleptomania.
Study aims to use of CBT techniques to treat of kleptomania, with the application of psychological analysis theory techniques.
Used of the clinical interview, thematic apperception test (TAT) and neuroticism trait from big five personality traits. With these measurements was determined causes and level of the disorder, in addition behavior motivated and neuroticism trait.
Through the application of techniques and strategies of CBT and psychological analysis theory techniques the patient was treated for kleptomania symptoms and neuroticism trait (anxiety, anger, hostility, depression, consciousness-self, impulsiveness, stress and vulnerability). After treatment, the patient regained the ability to self-control, control of negative thoughts, and emotional stability.
The study recommends for avoid harsh punishment, the Importance of using the right methods of education with children and adolescents, especially the child talented. In addition to the importance of dealing with the kleptomania as a disease and not a crime. With the possibility using of projective tests and some psychological analysis techniques with CBT.
Piezoelectric Nylon‐11 Fibers for Electronic Textiles, Energy Harvesting and Sensing
Authors: Anwar Saleem , Hassanpour Amiri Morteza , Jiang Shuai , Abolhasani Mohammad Mahdi , Rocha Paulo R. F. , Asadi Kamal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectronic textiles and functional fabrics are among the key constituents envisioned for wearable electronics applications. For e‐textiles, the challenge is to process materials of desired electronic properties such as piezoelectricity into fibers to be integrated as wefts or wraps in the fabrics. Nylons, first introduced in the 1940s for stockings, are among the most widely used synthetic fibers in textiles. However, realization of nylon‐based e‐textiles has remained elusive due to the difficulty of achieving the piezoelectric phase in the nylon fibers. Here, piezoelectric nylon‐11 fibers are demonstrated and it is shown that the resulting fibers are viable for applications in energy harvesting from low frequency mechanical vibrations and in motion sensors. A simulation study is presented that elucidates on the sensitivity of the nylon‐11 fibers toward external mechanical stimuli. Moreover, a strategy is proposed and validated to significantly boost the electrical performance of the fibers. Since a large fraction of the textile industry is based on nylon fibers, the demonstration of piezoelectric nylon fibers will be a major step toward realization of electronic textiles for applications in apparels, health monitoring, sportswear, and portable energy generation.
Dichlorinated Dithienylethene‐Based Copolymers for Air‐Stable n‐Type Conductivity and Thermoelectricity
Authors: Han Jinfeng , Fan Huidong , Zhang Qingyang , Hu Qin , Russell Thomas P. , Katz Howard E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo donor–acceptor (D–A) polymers are obtained by coupling difluoro‐ and dichloro‐substituted forms of the electron‐deficient unit BDOPV and the relatively weak donor moiety dichlorodithienylethene (ClTVT). The conductivity and power factors of doped devices are different for the chlorinated and fluorinated BDOPV polymers. A high electron conductivity of 38.3 and 16.1 S cm−1 are obtained from the chlorinated and fluorinated polymers with N‐DMBI, respectively, and 12.4 and 2.4 S cm−1 are obtained from the chlorinated and fluorinated polymers with CoCp2, respectively, from drop‐cast devices. The corresponding power factors are 22.7, 7.6, 39.5, and 8.0 µW m−1 K−2, respectively. Doping of PClClTVT with N‐DMBI results in excellent air stability; the electron conductivity of devices with 50 mol% N‐DMBI as dopant remained up to 4.9 S m−1 after 222 days in the air, the longest for an n‐doped polymer stored in air, with a thermoelectric power factor of 9.3 µW m−1 K−2. However, the conductivity of PFClTVT‐based devices can hardly be measured after 103 days. These observations are consistent with morphologies determined by grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering and atomic force microscopy.
Polaron and Spin Dynamics in Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Shrivastava Megha , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Hazarika Abhijit , Luther Joseph M. , Beard Matthew C. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Adarsh K. V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong‐lived carrier population and spin‐based behavior in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are extremely interesting for implementing photovoltaic devices with efficiencies exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit and quantum information processing, respectively. However, a comprehensive understanding of polaron‐mediated charge carrier interactions and an accurate description of the spin‐polarized states for spintronics are still lacking. Herein, the carrier and spin interactions are studied under controlled conditions in FAPbI3 and Cs0.01FA0.99Pb(Br0.11I0.89)3 NCs through ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. At early timescales, TA spectrum shows an asymmetric derivative feature originating from the hot carrier‐induced spectral redshift in FAPbI3 NCs (55 ± 3 meV) and Cs0.01FA0.99Pb(Br0.11I0.89)3 NCs (54 ± 2 meV) at the bandedges that stabilizes to 9 ± 1 and 11 ± 2 meV, respectively, at 1 ps due to the polaron formation. The kinetic analysis indicates that the polaron populations in FAPbI3 and Cs0.01FA0.99Pb(Br0.11I0.89)3 NCs decay with an average lifetime of 657 ± 34 and 532 ± 28 ps, respectively. The circular polarization‐resolved TA reveals that polaron formation can control spin relaxation in NCs, thus providing a powerful tool to explore the development of their prospective applications in spintronics.
Effects of Camellia oleifera clone selection on soil nutrient and microbial community structure
Authors: Liu Caixia , Deng Nan , He Zhilong , Tang Wei , Wang Xiangnan , Chen Longsheng , Wang Rui , Chen Yongzhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCamellia oleifera Abel. is an important woody oil plant that could solve the disparity between the supply and demand of edible oil in China. Although numerous excellent clones have been developed and introduced to enhance production, the interactions between high yield clones and soil ecosystem sustainability remains poorly understood. The high‐yielding period of a C. oleifera plant is approximately 100 yr; therefore, appropriate clone selection is crucial. We evaluated the differences between four major clones based on soil nutrient and microbial community structure, following cultivation for 10 yr to infer the influence of clone selection on soil sustainable utilization. The results showed significant differences in soil nutrient status and rhizosphere microorganism populations among clones. The bacterial communities in the XL1 plots had the highest species richness. According to the results, clone XL1 was found to be suitable for sustainable cultivation considering the high organic matter concentration and microbial diversity in the soil where it was cultivated. Although clone XL210 exhibited high yields and good economic benefits, it had a risk of inadequate production capacity in later periods, meaning that fertilization rates would have to be increased, and some annual plants with rich rhizosphere flora would need to be integrated in the farms to enhance microbial diversity in the soil to decelerate soil fertility decline.
17.1 %‐Efficient Eco‐Compatible Organic Solar Cells from a Dissymmetric 3D Network Acceptor
Authors: Chen Hui , Lai Hanjian , Chen Ziyi , Zhu Yulin , Wang Huan , Han Liang , Zhang Yuanzhu , He Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo elevate the performance of polymer solar cells (PSC) processed by non‐halogenated solvents, a dissymmetric fused‐ring acceptor BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 with chlorine and trifluoromethyl end groups has been designed and synthesized. X‐ray crystallographic data suggests that BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 has a 3D network packing structure as a result of H‐ and J‐aggregations between adjacent molecules, which will strengthen its charge transport as an acceptor material. When PBDB‐TF was used as a donor, the toluene‐processed binary device realized a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.31 %, which improved to 17.12 % when PC71ThBM was added as the third component. Its efficiency of over 17 % is currently the highest among polymer solar cells processed by non‐halogenated solvents. Compared to its symmetric counterparts BTIC‐4Cl and BTIC‐CF3‐γ, the dissymmetric BTIC‐2Cl‐γCF3 integrates their merits, and has optimized the molecular aggregations with excellent storage and photo‐stability, and also extending the maximum absorption peak in film to 852 nm. The devices exhibit good transparency indicating a potential utilization in semi‐transparent building integrated photovoltaics (ST‐BIPV).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosulfonylation of 1,3‐Dienes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Li Ming‐Ming , Cheng Lei , Xiao Li‐Jun , Xie Jian‐Hua , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA highly enantio‐ and regioselective hydrosulfonylation of 1,3‐dienes with sulfonyl hydrazides has been realized by using a palladium catalyst containing a monodentate chiral spiro phosphoramidite ligand. The reaction provided an efficient approach to synthetically useful chiral allylic sulfones. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through the formation of an allyl hydrazine intermediate and subsequent rearrangement to the chiral allylic sulfone product. The transformation of the allyl hydrazine intermediate to the product is the enantioselectivity‐determining step.
Analysis of ionic and nonionic surfactants blends used for the reverse micellar extraction of Lactoperoxidase from whey
Authors: Karanth Shwetha , Iyyaswami Regupathi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBovine Lactoperoxidase (LP), a minor whey protein, is used as an antimicrobial in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical preparations. Industries are in pursuit of reliable, cheap, and scalable purification methods as the conventional techniques for LP purification like chromatography and membrane separation suffer from several drawbacks. The present work investigates the selective reverse micellar extraction of LP using the reverse micellar system formed by mixing food grade nonionic (Tween, Span, and Triton series) and ionic (AOT) surfactant blends. The analysis of LP extraction efficiency was performed by varying the concentration of nonionic surfactants with a constant AOT concentration of 100 mM and the initial pH of the system. Complete LP solubilization was achieved with reverse micelles formed by 100 mM AOT and 20 mM Tween 80 at pH 8. It was found that the extraction efficiency was dependent on the chain length or the number of ethylene oxide units in the Triton surfactant tail and the carbon–carbon double bond in Tween 80 tail, that is, on oleic acid. Span series however showed poor extraction in the organic phase substantiating the lesser water content. The forward extracted LP was successfully back‐extracted into a fresh aqueous phase containing 1 M KCl at pH 10.5. The aqueous phase (whey) from the forward transfer can be further used to fractionate other whey proteins.
In‐solution structure formation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) building units influencing on the final membrane characteristics
Authors: Prajapati Pradeep K. , Singh Puyam S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA systematic study was carried out on the initial casting solutions of asymmetric PVDF ultrafiltration membranes to observe the aggregate structure of polymer building units in solution and the properties of the membranes in terms of microstructure morphology, crystallinity, average pore size, pore‐size distribution, total porosity, hydrophobicity, wetting energy, molecular weight cut‐off, and permeability. Hydrophobic membrane of higher porosity exhibiting higher flux was obtained from the solution of bigger polymer structural units while the membrane obtained from solution of smaller polymer structural units exhibited relatively rougher and hydrophilic surface and smaller uniform pores with lesser flux.
High‐resolution three‐dimensional chromatin profiling of the Chinese hamster ovary cell genome
Authors: Bevan Stephen , Schoenfelder Stefan , Young Robert J. , Zhang Lin , Andrews Simon , Fraser Peter , O'Callaghan Peter M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are the pillars of a multibillion‐dollar biopharmaceutical industry producing recombinant therapeutic proteins. The effects of local chromatin organization and epigenetic repression within these cell lines result in unpredictable and unstable transgene expression following random integration. Limited knowledge of the CHO genome and its higher order chromatin organization has thus far impeded functional genomics approaches required to tackle these issues. Here, we present an integrative three‐dimensional (3D) map of genome organization within the CHOK1SV® 10E9 cell line in conjunction with an improved, less fragmented CHOK1SV 10E9 genome assembly. Using our high‐resolution chromatin conformation datasets, we have assigned ≈90% of sequence to a chromosome‐scale genome assembly. Our genome‐wide 3D map identifies higher order chromatin structures such as topologically associated domains, incorporates our chromatin accessibility data to enhance the identification of active cis‐regulatory elements, and importantly links these cis‐regulatory elements to target promoters in a 3D promoter interactome. We demonstrate the power of our improved functional annotation by evaluating the 3D landscape of a transgene integration site and two phenotypically different cell lines. Our work opens up further novel genome engineering targets, has the potential to inform vital improvements for industrial biotherapeutic production, and represents a significant advancement for CHO cell line development.
An idea to explore: Visualization of ionization of amino acids using Mathematica
Authors: Novak Igor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIonization of amino acids (AA) is very important concept in biochemistry. We integrate the mathematical concept of probability with biochemically relevant process of AA ionization. We visualize the ionization process with Mathematica software discussing intramolecular interactions between weakly acidic/basic functional groups and charge–pH variation of amino acids in water solution. The visualizations rely on the notion of probability of ionization of functional groups and demonstrate how the extent of ionization and charge varies with pH of the solution. The examples described include amino acids and weak diprotic acids and bases. The aim is to help students better appreciate the importance and consequences of AA ionization and correct some misconceptions.
Retrieval practice facilitates learning by strengthening processing in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus
Authors: Wiklund‐Hörnqvist Carola , Stillesjö Sara , Andersson Micael , Jonsson Bert , Nyberg Lars 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroduction and MethodsA large number of behavioral studies show that retrieval practice is a powerful way of strengthening learning of new information. Repeated retrieval might support long‐term retention in a quantitative sense by inducing stronger episodic representations or in a qualitative sense by contributing to the formation of more gist‐like representations. Here we used fMRI to examine the brain bases related to the learning effects following retrieval practice and provide imaging support for both views by showing increased activation of anterior and posterior hippocampus regions during a delayed memory test.ResultsBrain activity in the posterior hippocampus increased linearly as a function of number of successful retrievals during initial learning, whereas anterior hippocampus activity was restricted to items retrieved many but not few times during the learning phase.ConclusionTaken together, these findings indicate that retrieval practice strengthens subsequent retention via “dual action” in the anterior and posterior hippocampus, possibly reflecting coding of individual experiences as well as integration and generalization across multiple experiences. Our findings are of educational significance by providing insight into the brain bases of a learning method of applied relevance.
EHDO: A free and open‐source webtool for designing and optimizing multi‐energy systems based on MILP
Authors: Wirtz Marco , Remmen Peter , Müller Dirk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel webtool, called Energy Hub Design Optimization tool, for designing and optimizing complex multi‐energy systems. The tool determines the optimal technology selection and sizing of all energy conversion units of a supply system while satisfying heat, cold, electricity, and hydrogen demands. A large variety of different technologies including renewable energies (wind power, photovoltaic, solar thermal, and hydroelectricity) and energy carriers like natural gas, hydrogen, biomass, and waste can be considered. Energy demands are provided by the user with an hourly resolution and all technical and economic model parameters can be tailored to specific use cases. The objective functions of the design optimization are total annualized costs, CO2 emissions, or trade‐offs between both objectives (multi‐objective optimization). The calculation is based on mathematical optimization and uses a mixed‐integer linear program. The webtool is accessible online for free and the optimization model is open‐source. The webtool has been developed to support academic teaching in energy engineering courses. With the tool, students understand how energy supply systems with intermittent renewable energies and cross‐sectoral conversion and storage technologies can be designed with innovative planning approaches.
Crystal Structure and Non‐Hydrostatic Stress‐Induced Phase Transition of Urotropine Under High Pressure
Authors: Guńka Piotr A. , Olejniczak Anna , Fanetti Samuele , Bini Roberto , Collings Ines E. , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Dziubek Kamil F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐pressure behavior of hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) was studied in situ using angle‐dispersive single‐crystal synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier‐transform infrared absorption (FTIR) spectroscopy. Experiments were conducted in various pressure‐transmitting media to study the effect of deviatoric stress on phase transformations. Up to 4 GPa significant damping of molecular librations and atomic thermal motion was observed. A first‐order phase transition to a tetragonal structure was observed with an onset at approximately 12.5 GPa and characterized by sluggish kinetics and considerable hysteresis upon decompression. However, it occurs only in non‐hydrostatic conditions, induced by deviatoric or uniaxial stress in the sample. This behavior finds analogies in similar cubic crystals built of highly symmetric cage‐like molecules and may be considered a common feature of such systems. DFT computations were performed to model urotropine equation of state and pressure dependence of vibrational modes. The first successful Hirshfeld atom refinements carried out for high‐pressure diffraction data are reported. The refinements yielded more realistic C−H bond lengths than the independent atom model even though the high‐pressure diffraction data are incomplete.