bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 1921–1923 Famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine: Common and Distinctive Features
Authors: Rudnytskyi Omelian , Kulchytskyi Stanislav , Gladun Oleksandr , Kulyk Natalia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article covers the preconditions, causes, and consequences of the famine of 1921–1923 and of the Holodomor of 1932–1933. Significant attention is paid to the geography and scale of the famine. For the first time in the historiography of the famine of 1921–1923, a thorough assessment is conducted of the demographic loss of population for Ukraine as a whole, seven oblasts, and the Moldova Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). A comparative analysis of the research results of the 1921–1923 famine and the Holodomor of 1932–1933 is presented. The discussion consists of three parts. The first part addresses the famine of 1921–1923. It examines the historico-political and economic context of the famine, its scale, and its uneven effect on different parts of the country. Special attention is paid to the sanitary-epidemiological situation which was closely tied to the famine itself. The second part is devoted to the Holodomor of 1932–1933. A comparative analysis of losses during the famines of 1921–1923 and 1932–1933 is presented in the third part.
Centralized Regionalism: The rise of regional fiscal-military states in China, 1916–28
Authors: LI HUAIYIN 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWarlordism in early Republican China was more than political fragmentation and intensive warfare. It involved serious efforts and breakthroughs in state-making at the regional level. Warlords or regional forces that centralized and bureaucratized their fiscal and governing institutions would eventually outcompete those who did not. Geopolitical advantages and access to modern economic and financial resources added to their competitiveness. The Guangdong-based Guomindang force prevailed over all others precisely because of a combination of all these factors in its state-building efforts by 1928. Central to state-making in early twentieth-century China, therefore, was the rise of regional fiscal-military states and their rivals for national dominance. China joined some of the most prominent latecomers to nation states in other parts of the modern world in their shared bottom-up path of state-building.
The causal nature of the association between resting pulse in late adolescence and risk for internalizing and externalizing disorders: a co-relative analysis in a national male Swedish sample
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Lönn Sara L. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundResting pulse is robustly and inversely associated with the risk for externalizing disorders and may be positively associated with internalizing disorders. We know little about the causal nature of these associations.MethodsWe examined resting pulse at conscription examination in 369 301 males born 1960–80 with a mean (s.d.) follow-up of 29.1 (7.7) years. From pulse rates, we predicted, using Cox models, the risk for criminal behavior (CB), drug abuse (DA), alcohol use disorder (AUD), major depression (MD), and anxiety disorders (AD), assessed from medical, criminal, and pharmacy registries. Co-relative analyses were conducted on the general population, cousin, half-sibling, full-sibling, and monozygotic pairs discordant for the outcome. Twin/sibling modeling for pulse was performed using OpenMX.ResultsFamilial resemblance for pulse resulted entirely from genetic factors. In the general population, the risk for externalizing disorders (CB, DA, and AUD) and internalizing disorders (MD and AD) were, respectively, significantly associated with low and high resting pulse rate. For CB, DA, and AUD, co-relative analyses showed that the inverse association with pulse resulted entirely from familial common causes (aka ‘confounders’). By contrast, co-relative analyses found that the association between higher pulse and MD and AD resulted from direct causal effects.ConclusionsResting pulse has a negative and positive association with, respectively, the risk for externalizing and for internalizing disorders. Co-relative analyses indicate that the nature of these associations differ, suggesting that elevated pulse appears to directly increase the risk for internalizing disorders while the reduced pulse is a risk index for underlying traits that predispose to externalizing disorders.
The task of critique in times of post-truth politics
Authors: Schindler Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPost-truth politics poses a specific problem for critical theories. The problem is that the relativisation of facts – the claim that knowledge is merely a product of power, history, and perspective – is a core aspect of present-day ideological thinking. Critical theories have been unable to respond to this challenge, because their critique has been directed against the opposite claim, namely the naturalisation of facts. While acknowledging this problem, this article argues that post-truth discourse actually combines relativisation and naturalisation. It does not simply relativise truth, but also naturalises the belief in specific ‘facts’ – notably the belief that ‘conspiracies are behind it all’. Once we recognise the twin character of post-truth, we must reject the view of Bruno Latour and others who have made critique responsible for the crisis. Instead, it then becomes apparent that there are deep and disconcerting similarities between post-truth politics and the totalitarian and authoritarian ideologies of the twentieth century. The task of critique is to confront and counter this resurgent ideology, thereby providing direction and orientation in the struggle for emancipation.
A MINIMAL CONGRUENCE LATTICE REPRESENTATION FOR
Authors: BUNN ROGER , GROW DAVID , INSALL MATT , THIEM PHILIP 
Published: March 2020

Let$p$be an odd prime. The unary algebra consisting of the dihedral group of order$2p$, acting on itself by left translation, is a minimal congruence lattice representation of $\mathbb{M}_{p+1}$.
Using Space‐Based Observations and Lagrangian Modeling to Evaluate Urban Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Middle East
Authors: Yang Emily G. , Kort Eric A. , Wu Dien , Lin John C. , Oda Tomohiro , Ye Xinxin , Lauvaux Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImproved observational understanding of urban CO2 emissions, a large and dynamic global source of fossil CO2, can provide essential insights for both carbon cycle science and mitigation decision making. Here we compare three distinct global CO2 emissions inventory representations of urban CO2 emissions for five Middle Eastern cities (Riyadh, Mecca, Tabuk, Jeddah, and Baghdad) and use independent satellite observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) satellite to evaluate the inventory representations of afternoon emissions. We use the column version of the Stochastic Time‐Inverted Lagrangian Transport (X‐STILT) model to account for atmospheric transport and link emissions to observations. We compare XCO2 simulations with observations to determine optimum inventory scaling factors. Applying these factors, we find that the average summed emissions for all five cities are 100 MtC year−1 (50–151, 90% CI), which is 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) times the average prior inventory magnitudes. The total adjustment of the emissions of these cities comes out to ~7% (0%, 14%) of total Middle Eastern emissions (~700 MtC year−1). We find our results to be insensitive to the prior spatial distributions in inventories of the cities' emissions, facilitating robust quantitative assessments of urban emission magnitudes without accurate high‐resolution gridded inventories.
Data Assimilation for Streamflow Forecasting Using Extreme Learning Machines and Multilayer Perceptrons
Authors: Boucher M.‐A. , Quilty J. , Adamowski J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractData assimilation allows for updating state variables in a model to represent the initial condition of a catchment more accurately than the initial OpenLoop simulation. In hydrology, data assimilation is often a prerequisite for forecasting. According to Hornik (1991,https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(91)90009-T) artificial neural networks can learn any nonlinear relationship between inputs and outputs. Here, we hypothesize that neural networks could learn the relationship between the simulated streamflow (from a hydrological model) and the corresponding state variables. Once learned, this relationship can be used to obtain corrected state variables by applying it to observed rather than simulated streamflow. Based on this, we propose a novel, ensemble‐based, data assimilation approach. As a proof of concept and to verify the abovementioned hypothesis, we used an international testbed comprising four hydrologically dissimilar catchments. We applied the new data assimilation method to the lumped hydrological model GR4J, which has two state variables. Within this framework, we compared two types of neural networks, namely, Extreme Learning Machine and the Multilayer Perceptron. Using well‐known metrics such as the continuous ranked probability score, we compared the assimilated streamflow series with the OpenLoop streamflow series and with the observed streamflow. We show that neural networks can be successfully used for data assimilation, with a noticeable improvement over the OpenLoop simulation for all catchments.
Hypoxia-induced release, nuclear translocation, and signaling activity of a DLK1 intracellular fragment in glioma
Authors: Grassi Elisa Stellaria , Pantazopoulou Vasiliki , Pietras Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is characterized in part by severe hypoxia associated with tumor necrosis. The cellular response to hypoxia can influence several properties of tumor cells associated with aggressive tumor growth, including metabolic adaptations and tumor cell migration and invasion. Here, we found that Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 (DLK1) expression was elevated as compared with normal brain in a genetically engineered mouse model of glioma, and that DLK1 expression increased with tumor grade in human glioma samples. DLK1 expression was highest in hypoxic and perivascular tumor areas, and we found that hypoxia induced the release and nuclear translocation of an intracellular fragment of DLK1 in murine glioma as well as in human glioma cultures. Release of the intracellular fragment was dependent on ADAM17 and Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1alpha and 2alpha (HIF-1alpha/HIF-2alpha), as ADAM17 inhibitors and HIF1A/HIF2A siRNA blocked DLK1 cleavage. Expression of a cleavable form of DLK1 amplified several hypoxia-induced traits of glioma cells such as colony formation, stem cell marker gene expression, a PI3K-pathway-mediated metabolic shift, and enhanced invasiveness. Effects of DLK1 were dependent on DLK1-cleavage by ADAM17, as expression of non-cleavable DLK1 could not replicate the DLK1-induced hypoxic phenotype. Finally, forced expression of DLK1 resulted in more invasive tumor growth in a PDGFB-induced glioma mouse model without affecting overall survival. Together, our findings suggest a previously undescribed role for DLK1 as an intracellular signaling molecule.
Maternal carriage of Prevotella during pregnancy associates with protection against food allergy in the offspring
Authors: Vuillermin Peter J. , O’Hely Martin , Collier Fiona , Allen Katrina J. , Tang Mimi L. K. , Harrison Leonard C. , Carlin John B. , Saffery Richard , Ranganathan Sarath , Sly Peter D. , Gray Lawrence , Molloy John , Pezic Angela , Conlon Michael , Topping David , Nelson Karen , Mackay Charles R. , Macia Laurence , Koplin Jennifer , Dawson Samantha L. , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Ponsonby Anne-Louise ,   the J. Craig Venter Institute, Vashee Sanjay , Torralba Manolito , Gomez Andres ,   the BIS Investigator Group, Dwyer Terrence , Burgner David , Forrester Michael , Symeonides Christos , Bandala Sanchez Esther 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn mice, the maternal microbiome influences fetal immune development and postnatal allergic outcomes. Westernized populations have high rates of allergic disease and low rates of gastrointestinal carriage of Prevotella, a commensal bacterial genus that produces short chain fatty acids and endotoxins, each of which may promote the development of fetal immune tolerance. In this study, we use a prebirth cohort (n = 1064 mothers) to conduct a nested case-cohort study comparing 58 mothers of babies with clinically proven food IgE mediated food allergy with 258 randomly selected mothers. Analysis of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples shows maternal carriage of Prevotella copri during pregnancy strongly predicts the absence of food allergy in the offspring. This association was confirmed using targeted qPCR and was independent of infant carriage of P. copri. Larger household size, which is a well-established protective factor for allergic disease, strongly predicts maternal carriage of P. copri.
Transient non-integrative expression of nuclear reprogramming factors promotes multifaceted amelioration of aging in human cells
Authors: Sarkar Tapash Jay , Quarta Marco , Mukherjee Shravani , Colville Alex , Paine Patrick , Doan Linda , Tran Christopher M. , Chu Constance R. , Horvath Steve , Qi Lei S. , Bhutani Nidhi , Rando Thomas A. , Sebastiano Vittorio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAging is characterized by a gradual loss of function occurring at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organismal levels. At the chromatin level, aging associates with progressive accumulation of epigenetic errors that eventually lead to aberrant gene regulation, stem cell exhaustion, senescence, and deregulated cell/tissue homeostasis. Nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency can revert both the age and the identity of any cell to that of an embryonic cell. Recent evidence shows that transient reprogramming can ameliorate age-associated hallmarks and extend lifespan in progeroid mice. However, it is unknown how this form of rejuvenation would apply to naturally aged human cells. Here we show that transient expression of nuclear reprogramming factors, mediated by expression of mRNAs, promotes a rapid and broad amelioration of cellular aging, including resetting of epigenetic clock, reduction of the inflammatory profile in chondrocytes, and restoration of youthful regenerative response to aged, human muscle stem cells, in each case without abolishing cellular identity.
Single-atom catalysts reveal the dinuclear characteristic of active sites in NO selective reduction with NH3
Authors: Qu Weiye , Liu Xiaona , Chen Junxiao , Dong Yangyang , Tang Xingfu , Chen Yaxin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh-performance catalysts are extremely required for controlling NO emission via selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and to acquire a common structural feature of catalytic sites is one key prerequisite for developing such catalysts. We design a single-atom catalyst system and achieve a generic characteristic of highly active SCR catalytic sites. A single-atom Mo1/Fe2O3 catalyst is developed by anchoring single acidic Mo ions on (001) surfaces of reducible α-Fe2O3, and the individual Mo ion and one neighboring Fe ion are thus constructed as one dinuclear site. As the number of the dinuclear sites increases, SCR rates increase linearly but the apparent activation energy remains almost unchanged, evidencing the identity of the dinuclear active sites. We further design W1/Fe2O3 and Fe1/WO3 and find that tuning acid or/and redox properties of dinuclear sites can alter SCR rates. Therefore, this work provides a design strategy for developing improved SCR catalysts via optimizing acid-redox properties of dinuclear sites.
Ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids using deformed graphene channel field effect biosensors
Authors: Hwang Michael Taeyoung , Heiranian Mohammad , Kim Yerim , You Seungyong , Leem Juyoung , Taqieddin Amir , Faramarzi Vahid , Jing Yuhang , Park Insu , van der Zande Arend M. , Nam Sungwoo , Aluru Narayana R. , Bashir Rashid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractField-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors allow label-free detection of biomolecules by measuring their intrinsic charges. The detection limit of these sensors is determined by the Debye screening of the charges from counter ions in solutions. Here, we use FETs with a deformed monolayer graphene channel for the detection of nucleic acids. These devices with even millimeter scale channels show an ultra-high sensitivity detection in buffer and human serum sample down to 600 zM and 20 aM, respectively, which are ∼18 and ∼600 nucleic acid molecules. Computational simulations reveal that the nanoscale deformations can form ‘electrical hot spots’ in the sensing channel which reduce the charge screening at the concave regions. Moreover, the deformed graphene could exhibit a band-gap, allowing an exponential change in the source-drain current from small numbers of charges. Collectively, these phenomena allow for ultrasensitive electronic biomolecular detection in millimeter scale structures.
Electro-enhanced leaching method for the mobilization of Cr(VI) in contaminated groundwater aquifer
Authors: Hu Liyang , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Dayi , Jiang Mengyun , Tan Jie , Li Jie , Lin Zuhong , Li Zetang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRemoval of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from soils and water has been widely studied for its high toxicity. Although leaching method is viewed as an effective approach to eliminate Cr(VI) and some studies attempted to enhance leaching performance via the external electric field, there is little knowledge about the influential factor in electro-leaching system on Cr(VI) removal performance. In this study, an electro-leaching technology was developed for removing Cr(VI) from groundwater aquifer to comprehensively discuss the correlation between the operational parameters and Cr(VI) removal efficiency. When the applied voltage was 20 V and the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 40 mg/kg, Cr(VI) removal efficiency achieved 99.9% in 120 min in the electro-leaching system, 15% higher than the system without the electric field. Cr(VI) removal efficiencies increased with the voltage demonstrating the significant enhancement of the electro-leaching method in removing Cr(VI). When Cr(VI) concentration climbed to 120 mg/kg, Cr(VI) removal efficiency remained above 85%. The effects of different voltages, Cr(VI) concentrations, pollutant distribution and salt content of leaching solution on the leaching effect were also investigated. Meanwhile, the relationship between the current intensity change and the amount of removed Cr(VI) during the electro-leaching process was first investigated, and the relevant model was fitted. There is a quadratic linear correlation between the amount of current change and the amount of removed Cr(VI). This novel electro-enhanced leaching method can effectively remove Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater aquifer by enhancing the migration of charged contaminant ions during the leaching process, and it is worthy of further study of heavy metal remediation.
Visualization of cell-type dependent effects of anti-E2 antibody and interferon-gamma treatments on localization and expression of Broccoli aptamer-tagged alphavirus RNAs
Authors: Nilaratanakul Voraphoj , Hauer Debra A. , Griffin Diane E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSindbis virus (SINV) is an alphavirus that causes age-dependent encephalomyelitis in mice. Within 7–8 days after infection infectious virus is cleared from neurons through the antiviral effects of antibody and interferon-gamma (IFNγ), but RNA persists. To better understand changes in viral RNA associated with immune-mediated clearance we developed recombinant strains of SINV that have genomic and subgenomic viral RNAs tagged with the Broccoli RNA aptamer that binds and activates a conditional fluorophore for live cell imaging of RNA. Treatment of SINV-Broccoli-infected cells with antibody to the SINV E2 glycoprotein had cell type-specific effects. In BHK cells, antibody increased levels of intracellular viral RNA and changed the primary location of genomic RNA from the perinuclear region to the plasma membrane without improving cell viability. In undifferentiated and differentiated AP7 (dAP7) neuronal cells, antibody treatment decreased levels of viral RNA. Occasional dAP7 cells escaped antibody-mediated clearance by not expressing cell surface E2 or binding antibody to the plasma membrane. IFNγ decreased viral RNA levels only in dAP7 cells and synergized with antibody for RNA clearance and improved cell survival. Therefore, analysis of aptamer-tagged SINV RNAs identified cell type- and neuronal maturation-dependent responses to immune mediators of virus clearance.
Parallels in the interactive effect of highly sensitive personality and social factors on behaviour problems in dogs and humans
Authors: Bräm Dubé Maya , Asher Lucy , Würbel Hanno , Riemer Stefanie , Melotti Luca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a personality trait in humans characterised by a tendency to process information deeply, to be easily overstimulated, and to have strong emotional responses and an enhanced sensitivity to subtle stimuli. A trait similar to SPS has recently been identified in dogs (“canine Sensory Processing Sensitivity”, cSPS). In children, this trait interacts with parenting factors to influence emotional and mental development, which in turn are linked to behaviour problems. Paralleling these findings in humans, we demonstrate that cSPS interacts with owner personality and use of aversive communication to influence the likelihood of behaviour problems in dogs. More behaviour problems were reported for more highly sensitive dogsper se, when there was a relative mismatch between owner and dog personality, and when use of “negative punishment” was reported. These findings indicate that a dog’s personality might moderate how an individual is affected by environmental factors, particularly owner personality and communication style, emphasising the importance of considering individuality in prevention, development and treatment of behaviour problems in dogs.
DNA methylation ambiguity in the Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) CpG island shore possibly involved in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Arai Yoshikazu , Umeyama Kazuhiro , Okazaki Natsumi , Nakano Kazuaki , Nishino Koichiro , Nagashima Hiroshi , Ohgane Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFibrillin-1 (FBN1) is responsible for haploinsufficient and autosomal dominant Marfan syndrome. Even in the same Marfan pedigree, penetrance and expressivity in heterozygous individuals can differ and result in variable disease onset and severity. Thus, other factors in addition to mutations in FBN1 are likely to contribute to the disease. In this study, we examined the regulation of FBN1 in porcine Marfan syndrome model, focusing on DNA methylation patterns distinguishable as wild-type (WT) and FBN1 null (KO) alleles in heterozygous cells. Most importantly, the ratio of the transcriptionally active hypomethylated WT allele was altered during cellular passage and highly correlated with FBN1 mRNA level compared with that in the KO allele. Transcribed FBN1 RNA from the KO allele was abolished after splicing coupled with translational initiation, suggesting that the functional FBN1 mRNA levels were affected by DNA methylation of the WT allele.