bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Epidemiological Report on Chikungunya Outbreak in Bihar, India in 2017: Implications for Control
Authors: Mishra Ragini , Mishra Navin 
Published: November 2019

Aims: The present study was done to identify the epidemiology of the disease outbreak in Bihar in 2017 and suggest remedial measures for the prevention of possible future outbreaks of Chikungunya.
Study Design: Daily reports on Chikungunya were collected in prescribed format from the District Surveillance Unit, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) that included case details from Govt. Medical Colleges and various Private Hospitals in the State.
Place and Duration of Study: Index case of Chikungunya was reported in Bihar, India on 15 Feb 2017. After that, few scattered cases were reported till 23 Aug 2017. Cases started increasing from 24 Aug 2017 onwards. From 15 Feb till 31 Dec 2017, total 1223 cases were reported from 32 districts in Bihar.
Methodology: The cases were analysed concerning time, place and person. Daily reporting on the health conditions of the cases and the status of the control measures like fogging and larvicidal spray in the affected area was monitored at the State level.
Results: Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to the disease was Nil in the State. The outbreak peak laid from 3-Nov to 12-Nov when 218 cases were reported. Out of 1223 cases, 100% cases were ELISA confirmed. Almost all age groups were affected, but the frequency was greater in the age group 21-30 (25%)> 31-40 (21%)>11-20 (19%). Males (61%) were more affected than females (39%). Out of the total 1223 cases, 100% of the cases were reported from Govt. institutions. State Health Department, Govt. of Bihar took many measures to limit the outbreak, and through strengthening the surveillance and response activities, transmission of the disease was curtailed in the State.
Conclusion: Patna district was most affected followed by Nalanda and Vaishali. Young adults of age group 21-30 were most affected. Males were more affected than females.
A simple knowledge‐based tool for stereotactic radiosurgery pre‐planning
Authors: Goldbaum Daniel S. , Hurley Justin D. , Hamilton Russell J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe studied the dosimetry of single‐isocenter treatment plans generated to treat a solitary intracranial lesion using linac‐based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). A common metric for evaluating SRS plan quality is the volume of normal brain tissue irradiated by a dose of at least 12 Gy (V12), which is important because multiple studies have shown a strong correlation between V12 and incidence of radiation necrosis. Unrealistic expectations for values of V12 can lead to wasted planning time. We present a model that estimates V12 without having to construct a full treatment plan. This model was derived by retrospectively analyzing 50 SRS treatment plans, each clinically approved for delivery using circular collimator cone arc therapy (CAT). Each case was re‐planned for delivery via dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT), and then scaling arguments were used to extend dosimetric data to account for different prescription dose (PD) values (15, 18, 21, or 24 Gy). We determined a phenomenological expression for the total volume receiving at least 12 Gy (TV12) as a function of both planning target volume (PTV) and PD: , where are fit parameters, and a separate set of values is determined for each plan type. In addition, we generated a sequence of plots to clarify how the relationship between conformity index (CI) and TV12 depends on plan type (CAT vs DCAT), PTV, and PD. These results can be used to suggest realistic plan parameters and planning goals before the start of treatment planning. In the absence of access to more sophisticated pre‐planning tools, this model can be locally generated and implemented at relatively low cost with respect to time, money, and expertise.
Construction of MnO2 Artificial Leaf with Atomic Thickness as Highly Stable Battery Anodes
Authors: Jia Binbin , Chen Wenxing , Luo Jun , Yang Zhao , Li Lidong , Guo Lin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe leaf‐like structure is a classic and robust structure and its unique vein support can reduce structural instability. However, biomimetic leaf structures on the atomic scale are rarely reported due to the difficulty in achieving a stable vein‐like support in a mesophyll‐like substrate. A breathable 2D MnO2 artificial leaf is first reported with atomic thickness by using a simple and mild one‐step wet chemical method. This homogeneous ultrathin leaf‐like structure comprises of vein‐like crystalline skeleton as support and amorphous microporous mesophyll‐like nanosheet as substrate. When used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, it first solves the irreversible capacity loss and poor cycling issue of pure MnO2, which delivers high capacity of 1210 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and extremely stable cycle life over 2500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. It exhibits the most outstanding cycle life of pure MnO2 and even comparable to the most MnO2‐based composite electrode materials. This biomimetic design provides important guidelines for precise control of 2D artificial systems and gives a new idea for solving poor electrochemical stability of pure metal oxide electrode materials.
Processing Optimization and Property Predictions of Hot‐Extruded Bi–Te–Se Thermoelectric Materials via Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Lei , Adachi Yoshitaka , Chen Zhong‐Chun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTraditional experiment‐based materials research is becoming increasingly insufficient to thoroughly understand materials’ characteristics and thus it is becoming difficult to develop novel materials with better performance. Machine learning is applied to hot‐extruded CuxBi2Te2.85+ySe0.15 thermoelectric materials, and the relationships between the processing, microstructure, and properties are further investigated via a data‐driven approach. A properties‐to‐microstructure‐to‐processing inverse analysis is proposed and performed by a genetic algorithm. The analysis results indicate that hot‐extruded materials have a potential best figure of merit (ZT) value of 1.15, which is 1.32 times larger than their best experimental value (0.87). To obtain this optimal property, processing variables such as higher extrusion temperature and larger Cu content and microstructure with a larger average grain size and higher density are required. The proposed data‐driven approach is expected to provide a new avenue for designing high‐performance Bi–Te–Se thermoelectric materials and thus to accelerate discoveries of novel materials.
Rare copy number variants in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: Enrichment of synaptic/brain‐related functional pathways
Authors: Jagannath Vinita , Grünblatt Edna , Theodoridou Anastasia , Oneda Beatrice , Roth Alexander , Gerstenberg Miriam , Franscini Maurizia , Traber‐Walker Nina , Correll Christoph U. , Heekeren Karsten , Rössler Wulf , Rauch Anita , Walitza Susanne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia is a complex and chronic neuropsychiatric disorder, with a heritability of around 60–80%. Large (>100 kb) rare (<1%) copy number variants (CNVs) occur more frequently in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. Currently, there are no studies reporting genome‐wide CNVs in clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of rare genome‐wide CNVs in 84 CHR‐P individuals and 124 presumably healthy controls. There were no significant differences in all rare CNV frequencies and sizes between CHR‐P individuals and controls. However, brain‐related CNVs and brain‐related deletions were significantly more frequent in CHR‐P individuals than controls. In CHR‐P individuals, significant associations were found between brain‐related CNV carriers and attenuated positive symptoms syndrome or cognitive disturbances (OR = 3.07, p = .0286). Brain‐related CNV carriers experienced significantly higher negative symptoms (p = .0047), higher depressive symptoms (p = .0175), and higher disturbances of self and surroundings (p = .0029) than noncarriers. Furthermore, enrichment analysis of genes was performed in the regions of rare CNVs using three independent methods, which confirmed significant clustering of predefined genes involved in synaptic/brain‐related functional pathways in CHR‐P individuals. These results suggest that rare CNVs might affect synaptic/brain‐related functional pathways in CHR‐P individuals.
Synthesis of ferrocenyl‐containing silicone rubbers via platinum‐catalyzedSi–Hself‐cross‐linking
Authors: Deriabin Konstantin V. , Lobanovskaia Ekaterina K. , Kirichenko Sergey O. , Barshutina Marie N. , Musienko Pavel E. , Islamova Regina M. 
Published: November 2019

Self‐cross‐linkable ferrocenyl‐containing polymethylhydrosiloxanes were synthesized. Karstedt's catalyst andcis‐[PtCl2(BnCN)2] were examined as cross‐linking catalysts at room temperature for the reaction between Si–H groups of the ferrocenyl‐containing polymethylhydrosiloxanes.Cis‐[PtCl2(BnCN)2] is an effective catalyst that allows cross‐linked ferrocenyl‐containing silicones (silicone rubbers) to be obtained withno visiblemechanical defects (bubbles or cracks) compared with Karstedt's catalyst. The ferrocene content of the ferrocenyl‐containing silicone rubbers was found to be approximately 50 wt.% by energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. Compared with cross‐linked non‐modified polymethylhydrosiloxanes, the ferrocenyl‐containing silicone rubbers exhibited improved tensile properties (the tensile strength increased from 0.47 to 0.75 MPa) and a 1.5–2.5 times lower cross‐linking degree. The surface resistivity of the ferrocenyl‐containing silicone rubbers (50 wt.% ferrocenyl units) was approximately 7 × 109 Ω/□, which was 10,000 times lower than that of pure polymethylhydrosiloxane. The obtained flexible electroactive ferrocenyl‐containing silicone rubbers can potentially be applied as coatings for electronic and electrostatic‐sensitive devices, interfaces, and sensors.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) foams reinforced with carbon nanotubes for stapedial annular ligament applications
Authors: Bhinder Jasdeep , Agnihotri Prabhat K. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThis study aims to develop carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foams as a possible material for stapedial annular ligament (SAL) application. As‐grown (AG) and purified CNTs are used as reinforcing fillers for PVA foams. Uniaxial and cyclic compression tests reveal that specific modulus and energy dissipation behavior improve after reinforcing foam with CNTs. A relatively higher improvement in specific modulus is recorded for purified CNTs as they tend to produce stiffer cell walls. Thermogravimetric analysis shows thermal stability improves after addition of CNTs in PVA foams. The 50 wt % degradation temperature is higher for PVA_AG foam in comparison to neat PVA foam. Under dynamic loading storage, modulus is found to be higher for CNT doped foams with higher relative improvement with purified CNTs than AG CNTs. It is shown that reinforcing PVA foams with purified CNTs is a feasible strategy to improve their average mechanical properties and microstructure for SAL application. While the specific elastic modulus of neat PVA foam found to be in range of 0.05–0.06 MPa gcc−1 with almost zero porosity. The addition of CNTs provides a wide range of specific elastic modulus 0.1–1.3 MPa gcc−1 with an average pores size of about 300 μm. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48736.
Synergistic therapeutic effects of Duzhong Jiangya Tablets and amlodipine besylate combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats using 1H‐NMR‐ and MS‐based metabolomics
Authors: Li Jingwei , Zhao Min , Jiang Xue , Liu Tingting , Wang Miao , Zhao Chunjie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuzhong Jiangya Tablet (DJT) composed of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and several other traditional Chinese medicines is a Chinese herbal compound, which is clinically used to treat hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of DJT and amlodipine besylate (AB) on the synergistic treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to explore its antihypertensive mechanism. The synergistic therapeutic effect of DJT in combination with AB on SHR was studied using two metabolomics methods based on mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance. Metabolomics analysis of plasma, urine, liver, and kidney and the combination of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to expose potential biomarkers. Then, the overall metabolic characteristics and related abnormal metabolic pathways in hypertensive rats were constructed. Blood pressure measurements showed that DJT combined with AB has better effects in treating hypertension than it being alone. A total of 30 biomarkers were identified, indicating that hypertension disrupted the balance of multiple metabolic pathways in the body, and that combined administration restored metabolite levels better than their administration alone. The changes of biomarkers revealed the synergistic therapeutic mechanism of DJT combined with AB, which provided a reference for the combination of Chinese and Western medicines.
Nystagmus‐related FRMD7 gene influences the maturation and complexities of neuronal processes in human neurons
Authors: Pu Jiali , Dai Shaobing , Gao Ting , Hu Jing , Fang Yi , Zheng Ran , Jin Chongyao , Zhang Baorong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsIdiopathic congenital nystagmus (ICN) is an oculomotor disorder caused by the defects in the ocular motor control regions of the brain. Mutations in FRMD7, a member of the FERM family of proteins, associated with cytoskeletal dynamics, are the most frequent causes of X‐linked ICN. Previous studies illustrated that FRMD7 is involved in the elongation of neurites during neuronal development; however, almost all the studies were performed on mice cell models. The complexity in the human neuronal network might suggest a unique vulnerability of human neurons to FRMD7 mutations.MethodsHerein, we successfully established human neuronal cell models with FRMD7 mutations, from fibroblasts‐reprogrammed neurons (iNs). In these neurons, the complexity of the neuronal processes was measured by the induced ratio, total neurite length, the number of terminals, and the number of maturation neurons.ResultsThe complexity of the neuronal processes was greatly reduced during various reprogramming stages in the presence of FRMD7 mutations. Consistently, the expression of the three main Rho GTPases was significantly increased by FRMD7 mutations. Interestingly, a slightly diverse phenotype is observed in different derived neurons.ConclusionWe established ideal human neuron models and confirmed that the mutation in FRMD7 influences the maturation and complexities of neuronal processes, which might be involved with the Rho GTPase signaling.
Identification of a 6‐lncRNA prognostic signature based on microarray re‐annotation in gastric cancer
Authors: Ma Bin , Li Yongmin , Ren Yupeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) remains an important malignancy worldwide with poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can markedly affect cancer progression. Moreover, lncRNAs have been proposed as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of GC. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore lncRNA‐based prognostic biomarkers for GC. LncRNA expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were first downloaded. After re‐annotation of lncRNAs, a univariate Cox analysis identified 177 prognostic lncRNA probes in the training set GSE62254 (n = 225). Multivariate Cox analysis of each lncRNA with clinical characteristics as covariates identified a total of 46 prognostic lncRNA probes. Robust likelihood‐based survival and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models were used to establish a 6‐lncRNA signature with prognostic value. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were employed to compare survival prediction in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Patients with high‐risk scores exhibited a significantly worse overall survival (OS) than patients with low‐risk scores (log‐rank test P‐value <.0001), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for 5‐year survival was 0.77. A nomogram and forest plot were constructed to compare the clinical characteristics and risk scores by a multivariable Cox regression analysis, which suggested that the 6‐lncRNA signature can independently make the prognosis evaluation of patients. Single‐sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was used to determine the relationships between the 6‐lncRNA signature and biological functions. The internal validation set GSE62254 (n = 75) and the external validation set GSE57303 (n = 70) were successfully used to validate the robustness of our 6‐lncRNA signature. In conclusion, based on the above results, the 6‐lncRNA signature can effectively make the prognosis evaluation of GC patients.
Reversing microtubule‐directed chemotherapeutic drug resistance by co‐delivering α2β1 inhibitor and paclitaxel with nanoparticles in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zheng Weihong , Ge Dandi , Meng Guohua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious reports indicated that integrins associated signals are tightly related to tumor progression. Here, we observed elevated expression of integrin α2β1 in tumor tissues from microtubule‐directed chemotherapeutic drugs (MDCDs) resistant patients compared with the samples from chemosensitive patients. More importantly, we sorted the integrin α2β1+ tumor cells and found those cells revealed high MDCDs resistance, whereas MDCDs shows effective cytotoxicity to those integrin α2β1− tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that integrin α2β1 could induce MDCDs resistance through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Applying MPEG‐PLA to co‐encapsulate the integrin α2β1 inhibitor E7820 and MDCDs could effectively reverse MDCDs resistance, resulting in enhanced anticancer effects while avoiding potential systemic toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the expression of integrin α2β1 contributes to MDCDs resistance, while applying E7820 combination treatment by MPEG‐PLA nanoparticles could reverse the resistance.
Selective interstitial doxorubicin for recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Matcovschii Valerii , Lisii Dan , Gudumac Valentin , Dorosenco Stanislav 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPoor delimitation from the viable brain, great genetic heterogeneity, lack of tumor vascularisation are factors that preclude intravenous chemotherapy. Interstitial chemotherapy could be a strategy to avoid a blood‐brain barrier and to assure a minimal dose concentration of the chemotherapy agent. Doxorubicin might be devoid of neurotoxic effects and still efficient on remaining far‐infiltrated tumor cells.
Incorporating sepiolite and kaolinite to improve the performance of SPEEK composite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Çalı Aygün , Şahin Alpay , Ar İrfan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSPEEK polymer based thermally crosslinked polymer membranes are prepared by sol‐gel synthesis using kaolinite and sepiolite clays as additives. Characterization tests, ie, mechanical stability, thermal gravimetric analysis, ion exchange capability, swelling properties, water uptake capacities, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the membranes were conducted. The sepiolite and kaolinite addition enhanced the thermal stability and the thermal crosslinking reduced the swelling capacity of the synthesized membranes. Proton conductivity results were increased from 0.172 to 0.268 S cm−1 by adding 9% of kaolinite, and to 0.329 S cm−1 at 80°C by adding 9% of sepiolite to the SPEEK membrane's polymer structure. The fuel cell current density and potential measurements of 141 mA cm−2 and 84.6 mW cm−2 were found respectively at 0.6 V for the SPEEK/S9 membrane, whereas values of 600 mA cm−2 and 348 mW cm−2 were found for the Nafion commercial membrane.
Raw material management networks based on an improved P‐graph integrated carbon emission pinch analysis (CEPA‐P‐graph) method
Authors: Mu Peng , Yang Yu , Han YongMing , Gu Xiangbai , Zhu QunXiong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRaw material management plays an essential role in the environment production and carbon emission problem. A P‐graph is an effective tool that can be used to solve the raw material management problem. However, raw material management based on the P‐graph is complicated and inaccurate. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved P‐graph integrating carbon emission pinch analysis (CEPA‐P‐graph) method to resolve raw material management problem with simpler structures and less results. The proposed method is applied in raw material planning in terms of the regional energy planning problem, and two ethylene plants under carbon emission constraints are examined. As the parameter information of the problem is utilized by pinch technology, the search domain of structure optimization is further reduced, and the computing complexity is reduced, while the advantages of the P‐graph multi‐solution are guaranteed. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Furthermore, the CEPA‐P‐graph could reduce the complexity of solution structure generation by ~70% and reduce the carbon emission per unit product by 17%.
Sequential modular simulation of circulating fluidized bed reactors
Authors: Jafari Hasan , Sheikhi Amir , Sotudeh‐Gharebagh Rahmat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBypassing the mathematical complexity of equation‐oriented approaches in predicting the performance of chemical reactors has recently stimulated a significant amount of interest. Among chemical reactors, circulating fluidized bed reactors (CFBRs) have secured an important role in a broad range of applications in energy sectors due to their advantages, including high fluid‐solid contact efficiency, uniform temperature, and enhanced heat and mass transfer rates. Accordingly, modelling and predicting the performance of these reactors is of great importance. In this study, a sequence‐based model was developed to predict the behaviour of CFBRs. Complex phenomena in CFBRs were mimicked by two sub‐models, namely the hydrodynamics module, which addressed the physical changes, and the reaction kinetics module, which described the chemical evolution of species. The performance of the proposed model was validated with a library of catalytic ozone decomposition experimental data in CFBRs. This work introduces a new infrastructure for modelling CFBRs, which may be combined with the current process simulation software, such as Aspen Plus©, for advanced process modelling applications.
Quantification of the Activation Capabilities of Lewis/Brønsted Acid for Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolating Reagents†
Authors: Kang Huiying , Zhou Biying , Li Man , Xue Xiao‐Song , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: November 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionElectrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation has emerged as an important and efficient methodology for installing the SCF3 moiety onto an array of organic molecules. Due to the low reactivities of trifluoromethylthiolating reagents, these transformations often require activation through an exogenous Lewis/Brønsted acid. We report herein the quantification of the activation capabilities of Lewis/Brønsted acids for trifluoromethylthiolating reagents through computing the difference in trifluoromethylthio cation donor ability (Tt+DA) between the "activated” and “unactivated” reagent. A moderate correlation is found to exist between the activation capability and Lewis acidity.