bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Reports of Night Noise in Hospitals Are Associated With Unplanned Readmissions Among Older Adults
Authors: Kemp Kyle A , Quan Hude , Fairie Paul , Santana Maria J 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Sleep disturbance is a key contributor to posthospital syndrome; a transient period of vulnerability following discharge from hospital. We sought to examine the relationship between patient-reported hospital quietness at night, via a validated survey, and unplanned hospital readmissions among hospitalized seniors (ages 65 and older) in Alberta, Canada. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of survey responses, linked with administrative inpatient records. Setting: Using the Canadian Patient Experiences Survey—Inpatient Care and Discharge Abstract Database, patients aged 65 and older, and living with one or more chronic conditions were identified. Participants: Of all, 25 674 respondents discharged from hospital between April 2014 and December 2017. Main Outcome Measure: All-cause, unplanned readmission within 30 or 90 days (yes vs no). Results: Approximately half (50.5%) of the respondents reported that the area around their room was always quiet at night. Eight (8.1%) percent of respondents (2066) were readmitted within 30 days (2241 total readmissions), while 15.6% (4000) were readmitted within 90 days (5070 total readmissions). When controlling for a variety of demographic and clinical factors, patients not reporting “always” to the survey question regarding hospital quietness at night had slightly greater odds of readmission within 30 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.45) and 90 days (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.23). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a clear association between patient-reported hospital quietness at night and subsequent readmission within the first 30 and 90 days following discharge. Efforts to minimize hospital noise, particularly at night, may help promote a restful environment, while reducing readmissions among older patients living with chronic conditions.
Effective and Humane Restoration of Prisoners With Special Reference to India
Authors: Jain K. S. Rekh Raj 
Published: April 2020

The tail-end of the criminal justice system is the prison. In the era of mass incarceration a question arises how can a prisoner be restored to live a successful life after incarceration? The architecture of restoration of prisoners to begin the movement the prisoner placed under the authority of prison officials. Restoration is not a soft option, as many prisoners find it extremely difficult to face up to the impact of their crimes. The entire prison environment and the stakeholders of the prison department shall be involved in the restorative process. Restoration is the shift from retribution and vengeance to a more human approach. Hence restorative processes shall focus on physical, behavioral, emotional and restoration of dignity. The transition from prison to re-integration into the society after being incarcerated for number of years is the most difficult task for the prisoner. Therefore perseverance of restoration in prisons shall be a continuous process which would be a great investment to everyone. Research and studies across the world reveals that the scale of victimization among the prisons is very high and at time most devasting and India is not an exception. Adoption of restorative restoration approaches and practices in prison setting will not only successfully navigate reentry both into the family and society but also a realistic future and an effectiveness and positive impact outside the prison world. If prison officials want to reduce recidivism it is vital that they ensure effective and humane restoration of prisoners. This paper takes the stock of the current context and aims to bring greater clarity pertinent to the thematic area of concerns regarding effective and humane restoration of prisoners with special reference to India.
A novel method for solving the impact of clay on concrete workability: dimensional design and mechanism analysis
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Qian , Ma Xiaoyu , Zheng Yunsheng , Lu Lei , Bai Xiabing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClay often has severe detrimental impacts on cement-based materials. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism causing the deterioration to improve the service life of cement-based materials. Based on accurate dimensional analysis, a mechanism that influences clay is proposed: the intercalation of the side chains of superplasticizer molecules in the interlayer space of the clay. To lessen this harmful effect, a new clay-resistant admixture (CRA) possessing cationic groups of small molecular size was synthesized through a novel dimensional design. The length and width of the side chains of this superplasticizer molecule were 9.50–17.50 and 0.25–0.40 nm, respectively, with a radius of ~3.74 nm in solvent, which is larger than the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite (i.e. 1.09–2.14 nm). The longitudinal and latitudinal lengths of the CRA molecule were 0.468 and 9.456 nm, respectively, ensuring intercalation in the interlayer of montmorillonite. The increase in interlayer spacing of the clay was 0.364 nm following addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) plus CRA and 0.632 nm following addition of PCE, which suggests that the CRA plays the role of a ‘sacrificial agent’ that is preferentially intercalated into the interlayer space of clay to further prevent the side chains of the superplasticizer molecules from entering the interlayer. The aim of this study was to propose a suitable means of synthesizing a new CRA to address the impact of clay through dimensional design and mechanism analysis, which contributes to the theoretical study and technological improvement of cement-based materials.
EpiMOLAS: an intuitive web-based framework for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis
Authors: Su Sheng-Yao , Lu I-Hsuan , Cheng Wen-Chih , Chung Wei-Chun , Chen Pao-Yang , Ho Jan-Ming , Chen Shu-Hwa , Lin Chung-Yen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDNA methylation is a crucial epigenomic mechanism in various biological processes. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) technology, methylated cytosine sites can be revealed at the single nucleotide level. However, the WGBS data analysis process is usually complicated and challenging.ResultsTo alleviate the associated difficulties, we integrated the WGBS data processing steps and downstream analysis into a two-phase approach. First, we set up the required tools in Galaxy and developed workflows to calculate the methylation level from raw WGBS data and generate a methylation status summary, themtable. This computation environment is wrapped into the Docker container imageDocMethyl, which allows users to rapidly deploy an executable environment without tedious software installation and library dependency problems. Next, themtablefiles were uploaded to the web serverEpiMOLAS_webto link with the gene annotation databases that enable rapid data retrieval and analyses.ConclusionTo our knowledge, the EpiMOLAS framework, consisting ofDocMethylandEpiMOLAS_web, is the first approach to include containerization technology and a web-based system for WGBS data analysis from raw data processing to downstream analysis. EpiMOLAS will help users cope with their WGBS data and also conduct reproducible analyses of publicly available data, thereby gaining insights into the mechanisms underlying complex biological phenomenon. The Galaxy Docker imageDocMethylis available athttps://hub.docker.com/r/lsbnb/docmethyl/.EpiMOLAS_webis publicly accessible athttp://symbiosis.iis.sinica.edu.tw/epimolas/.
High inter-observer reliability in standardized ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue in children aged three to six years
Authors: Kelso A. , Müller W. , Fürhapter-Rieger A. , Sengeis M. , Ahammer H. , Steinacker J. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundA procedure to measure subcutaneous adipose (SAT) using brightness-mode ultrasound has recently been standardized and applied to various groups of adults including underweight, overweight and obese adults. High reliability of this procedure was found in each of the examined groups. The purpose of this study was to determine inter-observer reliability of the standardized brightness-mode ultrasound measurement of uncompressed SAT in three to six-year-old children.MethodsThree experienced observers independently captured the ultrasound images at the eight standardized measurement sites in each of the 20 children and evaluated their images using an interactive software that detects the SAT contour and automatically measures multiple thicknesses in each image; the mean of these represents SAT thickness at a given site. The children were aged 4.9 ± 1.0 years; their body mass index ranged from 13.6–17.7 kgm− 2. Sound speed was set to 1450 ms− 1for SAT.ResultsSAT thickness sums with fibrous structures included (DI) ranged from 25.7–86.4 mm, meanDIwas 48.1 ± 15.5 mm. ForDI, resulting from 160 measurements by each observer, the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.998 (95% confidence interval 0.980–0.999), standard error of the estimate was 1.1 mm, and 95% limits of agreement were within ±2.1 mm. The median difference inDIwas 0.8 mm, i.e. about 1.9% of meanDI.ConclusionsInter-observer results in children are comparable to previously described high reliability in adults. This method, which provides a technical thickness measurement accuracy of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm, enables monitoring of subcutaneous adipose tissue in children with a similarly high reliability as was obtained in adults previously.Trial registrationGerman Institute of Medical Documentation and Information, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) ID:DRKS00010089; Date 24/02/2016.
Quantification of hand muscle volume and composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis
Authors: Friedberger Andreas , Figueiredo Camille , Grimm Alexandra , d’Oliveira Isabelle , Bäuerle Tobias , Rech Jürgen , Kleyer Arnd , Simon David , Uder Michael , Schett Georg , Engelke Klaus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis (Pso), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory diseases. PsA and RA are characterized by bone and muscle loss. In RA, bone loss has been extensively characterized, but muscle loss has, to the best of our knowledge, not been quantified to date.

Methods
A random forest based segmentation method was used to analyze hand muscle volume in T1 weighted MRI images of 330 patients suffering from Pso, PsA or RA. In addition, fat volume was quantified using MRI Dixon sequences in a small subset (n = 32).

Results
Males had a higher relative muscle volume than females (14% for Pso, 11% for PsA, n.s. for RA). Between 40 and 80 years male Pso patients lost 13%, male PsA patients 16%, male RA patients 23% and female PsA patients 30% of their relative muscle volume. After adjustment for age, relative muscle volume in males RA patients was 16% and in female RA patients 9% lower than in Pso patients. In male RA patients relative muscle volume was 13% lower in than in male PsA patients. There was no difference in females. A significant negative correlation (R2 = 0.18) between relative intramuscular fat content relative hand muscle volume was observed.

Conclusion
These preliminary data showed that relative hand muscle volume significantly decreased with age in male and female patients with Pso, PsA and RA patients. Independent of age, relative hand muscle volume was significantly smaller in patients with RA compared to the patients with Pso and the difference was twice as large in males compared to females. Also in male but not in female RA patients relative hand muscle volume was significantly smaller than in PsA patients.
Investigation of the impact of the NICE guidelines regarding antibiotic prophylaxis during invasive dental procedures on the incidence of infective endocarditis in England: an electronic health records study
Authors: Quan T. Phuong , Muller-Pebody Berit , Fawcett Nicola , Young Bernadette C. , Minaji Mehdi , Sandoe Jonathan , Hopkins Susan , Crook Derrick , Peto Timothy , Johnson Alan P. , Walker A. Sarah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Infective endocarditis is an uncommon but serious infection, where evidence for giving antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures is inconclusive. In England, antibiotic prophylaxis was offered routinely to patients at risk of infective endocarditis until March 2008, when new guidelines aimed at reducing unnecessary antibiotic use were issued. We investigated whether changes in infective endocarditis incidence could be detected using electronic health records, assessing the impact of inclusion criteria/statistical model choice on inferences about the timing/type of any change.

Methods
Using national data from Hospital Episode Statistics covering 1998–2017, we modelled trends in infective endocarditis incidence using three different sets of inclusion criteria plus a range of regression models, identifying the most likely date for a change in trends if evidence for one existed. We also modelled trends in the proportions of different organism groups identified during infection episodes, using secondary diagnosis codes and data from national laboratory records. Lastly, we applied non-parametric local smoothing to visually inspect any changes in trend around the guideline change date.

Results
Infective endocarditis incidence increased markedly over the study (22.2–41.3 per million population in 1998 to 42.0–67.7 in 2017 depending on inclusion criteria). The most likely dates for a change in incidence trends ranged from September 2001 (uncertainty interval August 2000–May 2003) to May 2015 (March 1999–January 2016), depending on inclusion criteria and statistical model used. For the proportion of infective endocarditis cases associated with streptococci, the most likely change points ranged from October 2008 (March 2006–April 2010) to August 2015 (September 2013–November 2015), with those associated with oral streptococci decreasing in proportion after the change point. Smoothed trends showed no notable changes in trend around the guideline date.

Conclusions
Infective endocarditis incidence has increased rapidly in England, though we did not detect any change in trends directly following the updated guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis, either overall or in cases associated with oral streptococci. Estimates of when changes occurred were sensitive to inclusion criteria and statistical model choice, demonstrating the need for caution in interpreting single models when using large datasets. More research is needed to explore the factors behind this increase.
MiR-30a and miR-379 modulate retinoic acid pathway by targeting DNA methyltransferase 3B in oral cancer
Authors: Shiah Shine-Gwo , Hsiao Jenn-Ren , Chang Hsiao-Ju , Hsu Yuan-Ming , Wu Guan-Hsun , Peng Hsuan-Yu , Chou Sung-Tau , Kuo Ching-Chuan , Chang Jang-Yang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Epigenetic silencing of retinoic acid (RA) signaling-related genes have been linked with the pathogenesis and clinical outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) carcinogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the abnormal silencing of RA signaling-related genes in OSCC have not been well investigated.

Methods
Using combined analysis of genome-wide gene expression and methylation profile from 40 matched normal-tumor pairs of OSCC specimens, we found a set of retinoid signaling related genes are frequently hypermethylated and downregulated in OSCC patient samples, including alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing 1 (ADHFE1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2 (ALDH1A2), which are the important rate-limiting enzymes in synthesis of RA. The expression of ADHFE1 and ALDH1A2 in OSCC patients was determine by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The binding sites of miR-30a and miR-379 with DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) were predicted using a series of bioinformatic tools, and validated using dual luciferase assay and Western blot analyses. The functions of miR-30a, miR-379, and DNMT3B were accessed by growth and colony formation analyses using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms by arecoline and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) treatment.

Results
We demonstrated that deregulated miR-30a and miR-379 could represent a mechanism for the silencing of ADHFE1 and ALDH1A2 in OSCC through targeting DNMT3B. Ectopic expression of miR-30a and miR-379 could induce re-expression of methylation-silenced ADHFE1 and ALDH1A2, and lead to growth inhibition in oral cancer cells. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the miRNAs and DNMT-3B may result from exposure to tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing could repress miR-30a and miR-379, which upregulate the DNMT3B expression, in turn, lead to the hypermethylation of ADHFE1 and ALDH1A genes, consequently, promote the oncogenic activity. These findings highlight the potential use of retinoids in combination with epigenetic modifiers for the prevention or treatment of oral cancer.
Expedition to the missing link: Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Yeh Chih-Fan , Chang Yu-Chen Eugene , Lu Cheng-Yuan , Hsuan Chin-Feng , Chang Wei-Tien , Yang Kai-Chien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the advances in deep sequencing-based transcriptome profiling technology, it is now known that human genome is transcribed more pervasively than previously thought. Up to 90% of the human DNA is transcribed, and a large proportion of the human genome is transcribed as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a heterogenous group of non-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. Emerging evidence suggests that lncRNAs are functional and contribute to the complex regulatory networks involved in cardiovascular development and diseases. In this article, we will review recent evidence on the roles of lncRNAs in the biological processes of cardiovascular development and disorders. The potential applications of lncRNAs as biomarkers and targets for therapeutics are also discussed.
The gut microbiota, environmental factors, and links to the development of food allergy
Authors: Lee Khui Hung , Song Yong , Wu Weidong , Yu Kan , Zhang Guicheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFood allergy appears to have its roots in an insufficient exposure to a diverse range of environmental microbiota during early life. Microbial exposure ensures the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract with commensal microbes, which is necessary for the induction of a balanced and tolerogenic immune function. High-throughput sequencing technology has facilitated in-depth studies of the gut microbiota as well as bacterial-derived metabolites. Although the role of the microbiota in allergies is now widely studied, its importance for food allergy was only recently noted. Studies in human cohorts have shown that there is an association of dysbiosis and pathogenesis of food allergy, while studies from animal models have demonstrated the capacity of specific species in the gut microbiota to alter immune response, which may lead to the desensitization of food allergy. This article reviews the role of the gut microbiota in food allergy, and discusses the influence of environmental factors as well as prevention and management strategies relating to such regulatory mechanism.
Hypoxia-induced complement dysregulation is associated with microvascular impairments in mouse tracheal transplants
Authors: Khan Mohammad Afzal , Shamma Talal , Kazmi Shadab , Altuhami Abdullah , Ahmed Hala Abdalrahman , Assiri Abdullah Mohammed , Broering Dieter Clemens 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Complement Regulatory Proteins (CRPs), especially CD55 primarily negate complement factor 3-mediated injuries and maintain tissue homeostasis during complement cascade activation. Complement activation and regulation during alloimmune inflammation contribute to allograft injury and therefore we proposed to investigate a crucial pathological link between vascular expression of CD55, active-C3, T cell immunity and associated microvascular tissue injuries during allograft rejection.

Methods
Balb/c→C57BL/6 allografts were examined for microvascular deposition of CD55, C3d, T cells, and associated tissue microvascular impairments during rejection in mouse orthotopic tracheal transplantation.

Results
Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia-induced early activation of HIF-1α favors a cell-mediated inflammation (CD4+, CD8+, and associated proinflammatory cytokines, IL-2 and TNF-α), which proportionally triggers the downregulation of CRP-CD55, and thereby augments the uncontrolled release of active-C3, and Caspase-3 deposition on CD31+ graft vascular endothelial cells. These molecular changes are pathologically associated with microvascular deterioration (low tissue O2 and Blood flow) and subsequent airway epithelial injuries of rejecting allografts as compared to non-rejecting syngrafts.

Conclusion
Together, these findings establish a pathological correlation between complement dysregulation, T cell immunity, and microvascular associated injuries during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation.