bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel antiviral lncRNA, EDAL, shields a T309 O-GlcNAcylation site to promote EZH2 lysosomal degradation
Authors: Sui Baokun , Chen Dong , Liu Wei , Wu Qiong , Tian Bin , Li Yingying , Hou Jing , Liu Shiyong , Xie Juan , Jiang Hao , Luo Zhaochen , Lv Lei , Huang Fei , Li Ruiming , Zhang Chengguang , Tian Yuling , Cui Min , Zhou Ming , Chen Huanchun , Fu Zhen F. , Zhang Yi , Zhao Ling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to viral infection, yet few host factors in the CNS are known to defend against invasion by neurotropic viruses. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to play critical roles in a wide variety of biological processes and are highly abundant in the mammalian brain, but their roles in defending against invasion of pathogens into the CNS remain unclear.

Results
We report here that multiple neurotropic viruses, including rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, Semliki Forest virus, and herpes simplex virus 1, elicit the neuronal expression of a host-encoded lncRNA EDAL. EDAL inhibits the replication of these neurotropic viruses in neuronal cells and rabies virus infection in mouse brains. EDAL binds to the conserved histone methyltransferase enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) and specifically causes EZH2 degradation via lysosomes, reducing the cellular H3K27me3 level. The antiviral function of EDAL resides in a 56-nt antiviral substructure through which its 18-nt helix-loop intimately contacts multiple EZH2 sites surrounding T309, a known O-GlcNAcylation site. EDAL positively regulates the transcription of Pcp4l1 encoding a 10-kDa peptide, which inhibits the replication of multiple neurotropic viruses.

Conclusions
Our findings show that a neuronal lncRNA can exert an effective antiviral function via blocking a specific O-GlcNAcylation that determines EZH2 lysosomal degradation, rather than the traditional interferon-dependent pathway.
Nutritional support for lactating women with or without azithromycin for infants compared to breastfeeding counseling alone in improving the 6-month growth outcomes among infants of peri-urban slums in Karachi, Pakistan—the protocol for a multiarm assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial (Mumta LW trial)
Authors: Muhammad Ameer , Shafiq Yasir , Nisar Muhammad Imran , Baloch Benazir , Yazdani Amna Tanweer , Yazdani Nida , Jehan Fyezah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Globally, 45% of under-five deaths are either directly or indirectly attributable to malnutrition, and most of these deaths are in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Children are particularly vulnerable in the first 6 months of life. An estimated 4.7 million infants under the age of 6 months are moderately wasted, whereas 3.8 million are severely wasted. Although the children of malnourished women have an increased risk of stunting and wasting, there is little information on this issue.

Methods
This is a community-based, open-label, multiarm randomized controlled trial that will include parallel group assignments with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio in low-income squatter settlements in urban Karachi, Pakistan. The women in the control group (control arm) will receive standard counseling only, whereas the lactating women in the first intervention group (intervention arm 1) will receive two sachets of balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation per day from enrollment until the infant reaches 6 months of age. The lactating women in the second intervention group (intervention arm 2) will receive the same BEP supplementation as those in intervention arm 1 while their babies will also receive a single stat dose (20 mg/kg orally) of azithromycin at 42 days. The primary outcome will be the relative length velocity from 0 to 6 months by intervention arm. The primary analysis will be intention-to-treat analysis.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03564652. Registered on 21 June 2018
National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Ethiopia
Authors: Leta Gemechu Tadesse , Mekete Kalkidan , Wuletaw Yonas , Gebretsadik Abeba , Sime Heven , Mekasha Sindew , Woyessa Adugna , Shafi Oumer , Vercruysse Jozef , Grimes Jack E. T. , Gardiner Iain , French Michael , Levecke Bruno , Drake Lesley , Harrison Wendy , Fenwick Alan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
An accurate understanding of the geographical distributions of both soil-transmitted helminths (STHs; Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) and schistosomes (SCH; Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium) is pivotal to be able to effectively design and implement mass drug administration (MDA) programmes. The objective of this study was to provide up-to-date data on the distribution of both STH and SCH in Ethiopia to inform the design of the national control program and to be able to efficiently achieve the 75% MDA coverage target set by the WHO.

Methods
Between 2013 and 2015, we assessed the distributions of STH and SCH infections in a nationwide survey covering 153,238 school-aged children (aged 5–15 years), from 625 woredas (districts), representing all nine Regional States and two City Administrations of Ethiopia. Nationwide disease maps were developed at the woreda level to enable recommendations on the design of the national MDA programme.

Results
The prevalence of any STH infection across the study population was 21.7%, with A. lumbricoides (12.8%) being the most prevalent STH, followed by hookworms (7.6%) and T. trichiura (5.9%). The prevalence for any SCH was 4.0% in areas where both SCH species were evaluated. Schistosoma mansoni was the most prevalent SCH (3.5 vs 0.3%). STHs were more prevalent in southwest Ethiopia, whereas SCH was found mostly in the west and northeast of the country. The prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity infections was 2.0% for STHs and 1.6% for SCH. For STH, a total of 251 woredas were classified as moderately (n = 178) or highly endemic (n = 73), and therefore qualify for an annual and biannual MDA program, respectively. For SCH, 67 woredas were classified as endemic and 8 as highly endemic, and hence they require every two years and annual MDA programme, respectively.

Conclusions
The results confirm that Ethiopia is endemic for both STHs and SCH, posing a significant public health problem. Following the WHO recommendations on mass drug administration, 18 and 14 million school-aged children are in need of MDA for STHs and SCH, respectively, based on the number of SACs that live on the eligible geographical areas.
Agreement between nonculprit stenosis follow-up iFR and FFR after STEMI (iSTEMI substudy)
Authors: Thim Troels , Götberg Matthias , Fröbert Ole , Nijveldt Robin , van Royen Niels , Baptista Sergio Bravo , Koul Sasha , Kellerth Thomas , Bøtker Hans Erik , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Christiansen Evald Høj , Jakobsen Lars , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Maeng Michael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate agreement between instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) for the functional assessment of nonculprit coronary stenoses at staged follow-up after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Results
We measured iFR and FFR at staged follow-up in 112 STEMI patients with 146 nonculprit stenoses. Median interval between STEMI and follow-up was 16 (interquartile range 5–32) days. Agreement between iFR and FFR was 77% < 5 days after STEMI and 86% after ≥ 5 days (p = 0.19). Among cases with disagreement, the proportion of cases with hemodynamically significant iFR and non-significant FFR were different when assessed < 5 days (5 in 8, 63%) versus ≥ 5 days (3 in 15, 20%) after STEMI (p = 0.04). Overall classification agreement between iFR and FFR was comparable to that observed in stable patients. Time interval between STEMI and follow-up evaluation may impact agreement between iFR and FFR.
GWAS-identified genetic variants associated with medication-assisted treatment outcomes in patients with opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Chawar Caroul , Hillmer Alannah , Sanger Stephanie , D’Elia Alessia , Panesar Balpreet , Guan Lucy , Xie Dave Xiaofei , Bansal Nandini , Abdullah Aamna , Kapczinski Flavio , Pare Guillaume , Thabane Lehana , Samaan Zainab 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The burden of opioid use disorder (OUD) has been increasing in North America. Administration of medication-assisted treatments (MATs) for OUD on an individual-dose basis has been shown to affect patient responses to treatment, proving to be, on occasion, dangerous. A genetic basis has been identified for some MAT responses in a candidate gene context, but consensus has not been reached for any genome-wide significant associations. This systematic review aims to identify and assess any genetic variants associated with MAT patient outcomes at genome-wide significance.

Methods
The databases searched by the authors will be: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL and Pre-CINAHL, GWAS Catalog, GWAS Central, and NIH Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes. A title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, and quality assessment will be completed in duplicate for each study via Covidence. Treatment outcomes of interest include continued opioid use or abstinence during treatment or at follow-up, time to relapse, treatment retention rates, opioid overdose, other substance use, comorbid psychiatric disorders, risk taking behaviors, MAT plasma concentrations, and mortality rates. Analysis methods applied, if appropriate, will include random effects meta-analysis with pooled odds ratios for all outcomes. Subgroup analyses will also be implemented, when possible.

Discussion
This systematic review can hopefully inform the direction of future research, aiding in the development of a safer and more patient-centered treatment. It will be able to highlight genome-wide significant variants that are replicable and associated with MAT patient outcomes.

Systematic review registration
This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration ID CRD42020169121).
Blow-up analysis for parabolic p-Laplacian equations with a gradient source term
Authors: Ding Juntang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we deal with the blow-up solutions of the following parabolic p-Laplacian equations with a gradient source term: $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (b(u) )_{t} =\nabla \cdot ( \vert \nabla u \vert ^{p-2}\nabla u )+f(x,u, \vert \nabla u \vert ^{2},t) &\text{in } \varOmega \times (0,t^{*}), \\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}=0 &\text{on } \partial \varOmega \times (0,t^{*}),\\ u(x,0)=u_{0}(x)\geq 0 & \text{in } \overline{\varOmega }, \end{cases} $$

{

(
b
(
u
)
)

t

=
∇
⋅
(
|
∇
u

|

p
−
2

∇
u
)
+
f
(
x
,
u
,
|
∇
u

|
2

,
t
)

in
Ω
×
(
0
,

t
∗

)
,

∂
u

∂
n

=
0

on
∂
Ω
×
(
0
,

t
∗

)
,

u
(
x
,
0
)
=

u
0

(
x
)
≥
0

in

Ω
‾

,

where $p>2$
p
>
2
, the spatial domain $\varOmega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}$
Ω
⊂

R
N

($N\geq 2$
N
≥
2
) is bounded, and the boundary ∂Ω is smooth. Our research relies on the creation of some suitable auxiliary functions and the use of the differential inequality techniques and parabolic maximum principles. We give sufficient conditions to ensure that the solution blows up at a finite time $t^{*}$

t
∗

. The upper bounds of the blow-up time $t^{*}$

t
∗

and the upper estimates of the blow-up rate are also obtained.
On locally superquadratic Hamiltonian systems with periodic potential
Authors: Ye Yiwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the second-order Hamiltonian systems $$ \ddot{u}-L(t)u+\nabla W(t,u)=0, $$

u
¨

−
L
(
t
)
u
+
∇
W
(
t
,
u
)
=
0
,
where $t\in \mathbb{R}$
t
∈
R
, $u\in \mathbb{R}^{N}$
u
∈

R
N

, L and W depend periodically on t, 0 lies in a spectral gap of the operator $-d^{2}/dt^{2}+L(t)$
−

d
2

/
d

t
2

+
L
(
t
)
and $W(t,x)$
W
(
t
,
x
)
is locally superquadratic. Replacing the common superquadratic condition that $\lim_{|x|\rightarrow \infty }\frac{W(t,x)}{|x|^{2}}=+\infty $

lim

|
x
|
→
∞

W
(
t
,
x
)

|
x
|

2

=
+
∞
uniformly in $t\in \mathbb{R}$
t
∈
R
by the local condition that $\lim_{|x|\rightarrow \infty }\frac{W(t,x)}{|x|^{2}}=+\infty $

lim

|
x
|
→
∞

W
(
t
,
x
)

|
x
|

2

=
+
∞
a.e. $t\in J$
t
∈
J
for some open interval $J\subset \mathbb{R}$
J
⊂
R
, we prove the existence of one nontrivial homoclinic soluiton for the above problem.
The relationships of vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and vitamin D supplementation with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lv Lingling , Tan Xuling , Peng Xinke , Bai Rongrong , Xiao Qile , Zou Ting , Tan Jieqiong , Zhang Hainan , Wang Chunyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, many studies have investigated the correlations between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and vitamin D status, but the conclusion remains elusive. The present review focuses on the associations between PD and serum vitamin D levels by reviewing studies on the associations of PD with serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. We found that PD patients have lower vitamin D levels than healthy controls and that the vitamin D concentrations are negatively correlated with PD risk and severity. Furthermore, higher vitamin D concentrations are linked to better cognitive function and mood in PD patients. Findings on the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of PD are inconsistent, but the FokI (C/T) polymorphism is significantly linked with PD. The occurrence of FokI (C/T) gene polymorphism may influence the risk, severity, and cognitive ability of PD patients, while also possibly influencing the effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation in PD patients. In view of the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D and the close association between vitamin D and dopaminergic neurotransmission, interventional prospective studies on vitamin D supplementation in PD patients should be conducted in the future.
Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Craniopharyngioma Patients: A Longitudinal Study Over 10 Years
Authors: van Santen Selveta S , Olsson Daniel S , Hammarstrand Casper , Wijnen Mark , Fiocco Marta , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M , Johannsson Gudmundur , Janssen Joseph A M J L , van der Lely Aart J , Neggers Sebastian J C M M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Patients with craniopharyngioma suffer from obesity and impaired bone health. Little is known about longitudinal changes in body composition and bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective
To describe body composition and BMD (change).

Design
Retrospective longitudinal study.

Setting
Two Dutch/Swedish referral centers.

Patients
Patients with craniopharyngioma (n = 112) with a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan available (2 DXA scans, n = 86; median Δtime 10.0 years; range 0.4-23.3) at age ≥ 18 years (58 [52%] male, 50 [45%] childhood onset).

Main outcome measures
Longitudinal changes of body composition and BMD, and associated factors of ΔZ-score (sex and age standardized).

Results
BMI (from 28.8 ± 4.9 to 31.2 ± 5.1 kg/m2, P &lt; .001), fat mass index (FMI) (from 10.5 ± 3.6 to 11.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2, P = .001), and fat free mass index (FFMI) (from 18.3 ± 3.2 to 19.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2, P &lt; .001) were high at baseline and increased. Fat percentage and Z-scores of body composition did not increase, except for FFMI Z-scores (from 0.26 ± 1.62 to 1.06 ± 2.22, P &lt; .001). Z-scores of total body, L2-L4, femur neck increased (mean difference 0.61 ± 1.12, P &lt; .001; 0.74 ± 1.73, P &lt; .001; 0.51 ± 1.85, P = .02). Linear regression models for ΔZ-score were positively associated with growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) (femur neck: beta 1.45 [95% CI 0.51–2.39]); and negatively with radiotherapy (femur neck: beta –0.79 [–1.49 to –0.09]), glucocorticoid dose (total body: beta –0.06 [–0.09 to –0.02]), and medication to improve BMD (L2-L4: beta –1.06 [–1.84 to –0.28]).

Conclusions
Z-scores of BMI, fat percentage, and FMI remained stable in patients with craniopharyngioma over time, while Z-scores of FFMI and BMD increased. Higher glucocorticoid dose and radiotherapy were associated with BMD loss and GHRT with increase.
Bring it back, bring it back, don't take it away from me – the sorting receptor RER1
Authors: Annaert Wim , Kaether Christoph 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The quote “bring it back, bring it back, don't take it away from me” from Queen's Love of my life describes the function of the sorting receptor RER1, a 23 kDa protein with four transmembrane domains (TMDs) that localizes to the intermediate compartment and the cis-Golgi. From there it returns escaped proteins that are not supposed to leave the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) back to it. Unique about RER1 is its ability to recognize its ligands through binding motifs in TMDs. Among its substrates are ER-resident proteins, as well as unassembled subunits of multimeric complexes that are retrieved back into the ER, this way guarding the full assembly of their respective complexes. The basic mechanisms for RER1-dependent retrieval have been already elucidated some years ago in yeast. More recently, several important cargoes of RER1 have been described in mammalian cells, and the in vivo role of RER1 is being unveiled by using mouse models. In this Review, we give an overview of the cell biology of RER1 in different models, discuss its controversial role in the brain and provide an outlook on future directions for RER1 research.
Proximal Aortic Compliance in Young Male Endurance Athletes: An MRI Study
Authors: TARUMI TAKASHI , YAMABE TAKAYUKI , FUKUIE MARINA , Kimura RYOTA , ZHU DAVID C. , OHYAMA-BYUN KEIGO , MAEDA SEIJI , SUGAWARA JUN 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
High-intensity endurance training can elicit profound cardiac adaptations; however, the current evidence as to its impact on the proximal aorta is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological and functional characteristics of the proximal aorta in endurance athletes.

Methods
Fifteen young male middle- and long-distance runners were compared with 19 age- and sex-matched sedentary control participants. CINE phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure blood flow velocities and cross-sectional areas of the ascending and proximal descending aorta. Aortic blood pressure was measured simultaneously during the phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging scan using a generalized transfer function. Maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) was measured in the athletes. Left ventricular morphology was assessed in a subgroup of participants (n = 16) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Results
The athlete group exhibited an average V˙O2max of 69.5 ± 3.1 mL·kg−1⋅min−1, which is above the 90th percentile of men with similar age according to the American College of Sports Medicine guideline. The athletes had significantly higher stroke volume and slower heart rate at rest and greater left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass than the sedentary participants. Significantly larger cross-sectional areas and higher compliance of the ascending and proximal descending aorta were also found in the athletes, independently of body surface area. Moreover, higher compliance of the ascending aorta was associated with greater stroke volume (r = 0.382, P = 0.026) and slower heart rate (r = −0.442, P = 0.009) across all participants.

Conclusions
The proximal aorta of young male endurance athletes undergoes morphological and functional adaptations that may be resulting from the significant hemodynamic alterations associated with their cardiac function.
Assessment of the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham & Schltdl. leaf extracts
Authors: Abifarin Taiwo Oluwafunmilola , Otunola Gloria Aderonke , Afolayan Anthony Jide 
Published: September 2020

Background: Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. and Schltdl (Apiaceae) is widely used traditionally for the treatment of a wide range of diseases in Southern and Eastern Africa. Although previous studies have reported the biological activities of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of H. arborescens leaves, there is no scientific information on the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of acetone, ethanol, aqueous and blanched extracts. This study is therefore aimed to investigate and compare the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of acetone, ethanol, aqueous and blanched extracts of H. arborescens leaves. Methods: Phytochemical analysis for the total phenolic, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, alkaloid and saponin contents of all the fractions were determined by spectroscopic methods, while the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. Micro dilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of H. arborescens leaf extracts against Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: Total phenol content of the extracts ranged between 15.10 mg GAE/g- 42.50 mg GAE/g, proanthocyanidin was 459-8402.1 mg QE/g, and flavonoid content of 109.24-235.79 mg QE/g. In addition, alkaloids (5.59%) and saponins (23.33%) were present in significant amounts. Based on the IC50 values, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity (0.013 mg/mL) with highest inhibition against DPPH and ABTS radicals (0.06 and 0.049 mg/mL respectively). Considerable antibacterial activities were observed in the acetone, ethanol and blanched extracts with MIC values ranging from 1.563-12.5 mg/mL; however, the aqueous extract was inactive against all the bacteria strains. Conclusion: The study suggests that H. arborescens leaves could be a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Although the blanching process significantly decreased polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts, it increased the antibacterial compounds.
Demonstration of 0.67-mJ and 10-ns high-energy pulses at 2.72  µm from large core Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifiers
Authors: Du Weizhi , Xiao Xuan , Cui Yifan , Nees John , Jovanovic Igor , Galvanauskas Almantas 
Published: September 2020

We explored generation of high-energy nanosecond short pulses in the mid-IR wavelength range using 30–70-µm-core Er:ZBLAN fiber amplifiers. The highest energies achieved were

∼

0.7

m
J

at 2.72 µm in 11.5-ns-long pulses, with the corresponding peak power of 60.3 kW, obtained with a 70-µm-diameter core fiber amplifier pumped at 976 nm and seeded by a

K
T
i
O
A
s
O

4

-based optical parametric oscillator/optical parametric amplifier system. To the best of our knowledge, these pulse energies are the highest achieved to date from mid-IR fiber lasers at longer than 2-µm wavelengths with nanosecond pulses. The achieved highest pulse energies were limited by the surface damage of unprotected fiber output facets.