bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of micro-osteoperforations performed with Propel system on tooth movement, pain/quality of life, anchorage loss, and root resorption: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: dos Santos Cibelle Cristina Oliveira , Mecenas Paulo , de Castro Aragón Mônica Lidia Santos , Normando David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) performed with Propel and other mini-screws on the rate of tooth movement, pain/discomfort, periodontal health, anchorage loss, and root resorption in patients undergoing orthodontic retraction compared to a control group.Materials and methodsPubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar, Scopus, and OpenGrey were searched without restriction. A manual search was also carried out. Only randomized clinical trials (RCT) were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using RoB 2.0 and the certainty of evidence through the GRADE tool.ResultsAmong the twelve RCTs reviewed, five used the Propel system. Overall, the RoB was classified as low (4), moderate (5), and high (3). Two RCTs with moderate and one with a low RoB using the Propel system reported mild increases on rate of tooth movement associated with MOPs. One RCT with a moderate and another with high RoB did not find a significant effect of Propel on orthodontic movement. Regarding tooth movement, a subgroup meta-analysis found no differences between control and Propel movement (95% CI = − 0.01 to 0.75) or other mini-screws (− 0.02 to 0.31) related to rate of tooth movement per month. There was no effect of MOPs on root resorption, periodontal health, anchorage loss, and a mild effect on pain and oral health related to quality of life regardless of mini-screw type. The level of certainty was graded as low for the rate of tooth movement and pain/discomfort, as moderate for anchorage loss, and high for root resorption.ConclusionA low certainty of evidence supports that MOPs performed with Propel seem to have no significant effect on the rate of tooth movement. Moreover, this intervention does not seem to cause an increase in root resorption, periodontal heath, pain/discomfort, or anchorage loss. Thus, the Propel system does not appear to produce different results from those observed for other mini-screws.
Applications of AI in classical software engineering
Authors: Barenkamp Marco , Rebstadt Jonas , Thomas Oliver 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a buzzword for self-organizing IT applications, its relevance to software engineering has hardly been analyzed systematically. This study combines a systematic review of previous research in the field and five qualitative interviews with software developers who use or want to use AI tools in their daily work routines, to assess the status of development, future development potentials and equally the risks of AI application to software engineering. The study classifies the insights in the software development life cycle.The analysis results that major achievements and future potentials of AI are a) the automation of lengthy routine jobs in software development and testing using algorithms, e.g. for debugging and documentation, b) the structured analysis of big data pools to discover patterns and novel information clusters and c) the systematic evaluation of these data in neural networks. AI thus contributes to speed up development processes, realize development cost reductions and efficiency gains. AI to date depends on man-made structures and is mainly reproductive, but the automation of software engineering routines entails a major advantage: Human developers multiply their creative potential when using AI tools effectively.
Culinary and herbal resources as nutritional supplements against malnutrition-associated immunity deficiency: the vegetarian review
Authors: Majumdar Ashish , Shukla Shiv Shankar , Pandey Ravindra Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition may be due to undernutrition and/or overnutrition and is responsible for morbidity and mortality. Fulfilling nutrition requirements of all human age groups is necessary for maintenance of health and quality of life. Nutritional supplements, or daily diet, must include a sufficient amount of macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein, and fat), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and nonessential dietary components such as fiber.

Main body
There is a bidirectional relationship that exists between nutrition, infection, and immunity; children are dying due to malnutrition that weakens their immunity and makes them more susceptible to pathogen attack. Culinary and herbal resources containing macro- and micronutrients are required to achieve nutritional deficiencies.

Conclusion
In this review, we have documented different culinary herbs that have been used as prime herbal nutritional source and these herbs might be helpful in malnutrition and boosting immunity. The review contains the description of nutritional levels and their distribution to different age group people. This review gives insight to herbal products that boost immunity to fight against infections by restoring micronutrients.
Choosing Wisely Africa: Ten Low-Value or Harmful Practices That Should Be Avoided in Cancer Care
Authors: Rubagumya Fidel , Mitera Gunita , Ka Sidy , Manirakiza Achille , Decuir Philippa , Msadabwe Susan C. , Adani Ifè Solange , Nwachukwu Emmanuella , Ohene Oti Naomi , Borges Hirondina , Mutebi Miriam , Abuidris Dafalla , Vanderpuye Verna , Booth Christopher M. , Hammad Nazik 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Choosing Wisely Africa (CWA) builds on Choosing Wisely (CW) in the United States, Canada, and India and aims to identify low-value, unnecessary, or harmful cancer practices that are frequently used on the African continent. The aim of this work was to use physicians and patient advocates to identify a short list of low-value practices that are frequently used in African low- and middle-income countries. METHODS The CWA Task Force was convened by the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer and included representatives from surgical, medical, and radiation oncology, the private and public sectors, and patient advocacy groups. Consensus was built through a modified Delphi process, shortening a long list of practices to a short list, and then to a final list. A voting threshold of ≥ 60% was used to include an individual practice on the short list. A consensus was reached after a series of teleconferences and voting processes. RESULTS Of the 10 practices on the final list, one is a new suggestion and 9 are revisions or adaptations of practices from previous CW campaign lists. One item relates to palliative care, 8 concern treatment, and one relates to surveillance. CONCLUSION The CWA initiative has identified 10 low-value, common interventions in Africa’s cancer practice. The success of this campaign will be measured by how the recommendations are implemented across sub-Saharan Africa and whether this improves the delivery of high-quality cancer care.
Multiple-order diffractive engineered surface lenses
Authors: Milster Tom D. , Sik Kim Young , Wang Zichan , Purvin Kira 
Published: July 2020

A multiple-order diffractive engineered surface (MODE) lens is introduced, in which focal position change with wavelength exhibits both refractive and diffractive characteristics. Engineering calculations are provided that indicate Strehl ratio and encircled energy performance over a large range of focal length and aperture diameter design space. A prototype lens is designed and constructed for the astronomical R-band (589 nm to 727 nm) wavelength range. Test results show that measured full-width-at-half-maximum focal spot diameter is 2.1 times larger than the ideal Airy spot diameter, and focal position versus wavelength is nearly identical to the design. The 48 mm aperture diameter,

f

/

3.12

prototype telescope exhibits angularly resolved features in natural scenes at 0.006°, with subtense of the Airy spot diameter at 0.002°. Applications include eventual use in large aperture, ultralightweight space telescopes.
Anti-epileptic potentials of the partitioned fractions of chamaecrista mimosoides
Authors: N. Medugu Asinamai , Yakubu James , I. Marte Hussaini , . Timothy , Yerima S. 
Published: July 2020

This research work aimed to establish scientific basis for the use of Chamaecrista mimosoides, in traditional medicine as anti-epileptic medication. The whole plant part of Chamaecrista mimosoides was extracted with ethanol and screened for phytochemicals. Acute toxicity study was carried out using Lorkeâ€™s method and the antiepileptic activity was evaluated using maximal electroshock induced seizure test in day-old chicks, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and strychnine using mice. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardenolides. Both the chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol portions at 100, 250, and 500mg/kg body weight did not protect the chicks against tonic hind limb extension (THLE) in maximal electro-shock test (MEST). The chloroform and n-butanol portions at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight protected 40% and 60% of mice against clonic spasm induced by pentylenetetrazole, while ethyl-acetate soluble portion did not protect the mice against clonic spasm induced by pentylenetetrazole at all doses used when compared to Valproic acid (200 mg/kg) protected all the mice (100%) against clonic spasm induced by pentylenetetrazole. The chloroform soluble portion at the doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight protected 40%, 100%, 100% against death induced by strychnine, while ethylacetate and n-butanol portions did not protect the rats against death induced by strychnine but prolonged the onset of convulsion. In all the tests, phenobarbitone (20 mg/kg) was used as positive control and protected 80% of mice against convulsion induced by strychnine. The antiepileptic investigation suggests that the chloroform portion of Chamaecrista mimosoides has a promising antiepileptic activity.Â Â
Pensar o direito humano à educação
Authors: Dantas Aline Cristina de Lima , De Oliveira Inês Barbosa , Paiva Jane 
Published: July 2020

Pensar o direito humano à educação e sua efetivação, ou não, em diferentes espaçostempos educativos exige investigar práticaspolíticas, em busca de indícios de contribuição à emancipação social que neles se possa produzir. Com esta compreensão metódica de como investigar direito humano à educação, o texto visa a discutir ideias produzidas por pesquisadorxs em múltiplas intervenções no mundo da vida e que convergem, nos modos e nas formas de concebê-las, para consolidar alguns princípios, entre eles a dignidade humana, do que tem sido chamado direito à educação. Tratar desse direito para jovens, adultxs e idosxs motiva em grande parte as reflexões do texto, pelo entendimento de que o exercício do direito requer acesso a conhecimentos em contextos igualitários e plurais que respeitem conhecimentos anteriores e garantam a livre participação democrática, em que direitos individuais e sociais à aprendizagem e à cidadania digna sejam exercidos por todxs. Focando na vivência de políticaspráticas educativas cotidianas que caminham nessa direção, porque desenvolvendo a solidariedade e relações mais democráticas entre sujeitos, conhecimentos e culturas, xs autorxs finalizam perguntando como essas ações contribuem para que nesses cotidianos se amplie o caráter emancipatório dessas iniciativas, enquanto se amadurece a crítica como dispositivo de reflexõesações mais efetivas.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ADAPTATION IN FIRST-YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Antonovskii Aleksandr Viktorovich , Balakshina Elena Vladimirovna , Filippchenkova Svetlana Igorevna 
Published: July 2020

Background. The article deals with the psychological features of adaptation in first-year university students. The main criteria indicating successful or failed adaptation are highlighted. The study was based on the concept describing human adaptation to changing environmental conditions as a dynamic process, as well as on psychological approaches that reveal the specific aspects of adaptation within the system of complex social relations of a new type. Aim. The article aims to study the features of adaptation in first-year university students through psychodiagnostics for the possibility of compensating negative trends in adaptation to new living conditions. Material and methods. The specificity of the response to educational conditions and students’ adaptation was determined by means of psychodiagnostics of subjective well-being, communicative tolerance, motivation for studying at University, moral normativity of behavior and neuropsychic stability. The sample consisted of students of technical and humanitarian specialties (n =284) aged from 17 to 21 years. Results. A number of important regularities have been established, the main of which are high communicative tolerance, orientation to compliance with the rules, intermediate type of motivation for studying, as well as differences in the severity of the studied characteristics in students, males and females. Conclusion. Adaptation to the components of university environment by first-year students is possible with the activation of all adaptation mechanisms. The nature of adaptation can be assessed through observation of students’ behavior in the team, as well as through the diagnosis of emotional experience, nervous tension, subjective well-being and communicative characteristics, which creates the basis for psychological and pedagogical support of young professionals.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF PROFESSIONAL VIABILITY IN EXTREME SPECIALISTS FROM EMERGENT-SYNERGETIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kotovskaya Svetlana Vladimirovna 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The article aims to study the psychophysiological status of a specialist from emergentsynergetic perspective, which is a relevant research direction in domestic and foreign psychology, especially when it comes to extreme activity that implies a possible risk to life. The purpose of the study is to establish emergent-synergetic factors that determine the high and low levels of professional viability. Materials and methods. 764 males of various professional groups were examined, whose daily activities included an extreme component at the substantive level. To determine the psychophysiological status, the following methods were used: the Luscher color test in the interpretation of I. Tsyganok, simple and complex visual-motor reaction. To determine the level of professional viability, the S-test, the emotional burnout method and a scale for subjective assessment of professional load through the socio-psychological questionnaire were used. The data obtained were processed using Varimax rotation factor analysis with Kaiser’s normalization. Results. According to an empirical study, it was found that the evelopment of professional viability can be explained through an emergent-synergetic approach. Low energy potential, stress and personal imbalance are emergent psychophysiological components of low viability. Personal balance, performance, activity and optimal energy expenditure are emergent psychophysiological components of high viability.
THE ASSESSMENT OF EMOTIONAL STRESS UNDER COGNITIVE LOAD IN MALES WITH A DIFFERENT LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Sivachenko Ivan Borisovich , Medvedev Dmitrii Stanislavovich , Pavlova Anna Nikolaevna 
Published: July 2020

Background. In view of the continuous increase in the importance of information technologies in all spheres of society, the problem of the effect of significant cognitive loads that accompany information stress becomes extremely urgent. The article presents an analysis of studies (2018–2019) on resistance to cognitive loads in males with different levels of physical activity. Aim. The article aims to evaluate the dynamics of psychophysiological reactions to cognitive load in males with different levels of physical activity. Materials and methods. Regulatory mechanisms were assessed using the index of functional changes. The simulated load consisted in the Gorbov–Schulte table to be made in the conditions of time deficit, increased motivation and interference. Continuous recording of vascular tone, vascular blood flow, heart rate, electrical skin activity was performed. It is established that a different level of physical activity is specifically associated with the adaptation of a person to a significant cognitive load. Results. The dynamics of skin electrical activity, heart rate, vascular tone and vascular blood flow in people with moderate physical activity reflects optimal reactions to load. Conclusion. Persons systematically involved in physical activity in these conditions have a higher adaptive capacity of the vascular part in comparison with professional athletes and people not engaged in physical activity.
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTUITION AND SELF-AGGRESSION AS A POSSIBLE MARKER OF SUICIDALITY
Authors: Grigoriev Pavel Evgenievich 
Published: July 2020

The relationship between intuition and self-aggression, which can be expressed in self-harm and suicide, has not been studied much, while Russia currently ranks second in suicides in the world, and intuition has a major impact on decision-making and behaviour. Aim. The paper aims to study the relationship between intuition and self-aggression as a correlate of potential to suicidal activity among socially adapted respondents. Materials and methods. 72 people participated in the study, 48 females and 24 males, with the mean age of 20 years. The sample consisted of university students and teachers. The following questionnaires were used: Types of aggressiveness by L. Pochechut and Test for empathic abilities by V. Boyko. These questionnaires contain self-aggression and an intuitive channel of empathy scales and, thus, reflect various aspects of intuition. The following statistical methods were also used: descriptive statistics, Kendall correlation analysis, Mann–Whitney criterion, K-means method of cluster analysis, χ2 Pearson test.Results. Over the entire sample, the correlation between self-aggression and intuition was close to zero. However, when the sample was divided by the parameters of intuition and selfaggression using the K-means method, highly differentiated types were identified: 62.5 % of the subjects were characterized by increased self-aggression and decreased intuition, 37.5 % – by low self-aggression and average intuition. Members of the first cluster also had a significantly higher overall and emotional aggression, as well as lower penetrating ability of empathy. There were no significant gender and age differences between the clusters. Conclusion. Thus, the types that were highly differentiated by absolute differences and statistical significance were detected as those characterized by: 1) increased self-aggression and decreased intuition, 2) low selfaggression and average intuition
Management of Germ Cell Tumors During the Outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: A Survey of International Expertise Centers
Authors: Nappi Lucia , Ottaviano Margaret , Rescigno Pasquale , Tortora Marianna , Banna Giuseppe L. , Baciarello Giulia , Basso Umberto , Canil Christina , Cavo Alessia , Cossu Rocca Maria , Czaykowski Piotr , De Giorgi Ugo , Garcia del Muro Xavier , Di Napoli Marilena , Fornarini Giuseppe , Gietema Jourik A. , Heng Daniel Y.C. , Hotte Sebastien J. , Kollmannsberger Christian , Maruzzo Marco , Messina Carlo , Morelli Franco , Mulder Sasja , Nichols Craig , Nolè Franco , Oing Christoph , Sava Teodoro , Secondino Simona , Simone Giuseppe , Soulieres Denis , Vincenzi Bruno , Zucali Paolo A. , De Placido Sabino , Palmieri Giovannella ,   on behalf of Italian Germ Cell Cancer Group (IGG),   ERN-EURACAN Domain G3,   Genitourinary Medical Oncologists of Canada (GUMOC)
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a public health emergency affecting frail populations, including patients with cancer. This poses the question of whether cancer treatments can be postponed or modified without compromising their efficacy, especially for highly curable cancers such as germ cell tumors (GCTs).

Materials and Methods
To depict the state-of-the-art management of GCTs during the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey including 26 questions was circulated by e-mail among the physicians belonging to three cooperative groups: (a) Italian Germ Cell Cancer Group; (b) European Reference Network–Rare Adult Solid Cancers, Domain G3 (rare male genitourinary cancers); and (c) Genitourinary Medical Oncologists of Canada. Percentages of agreement between Italian respondents (I) versus Canadian respondents (C), I versus European respondents (E), and E versus C were compared by using Fisher's exact tests for dichotomous answers and chi square test for trends for the questions with three or more options.

Results
Fifty-three GCT experts responded to the survey: 20 Italian, 6 in other European countries, and 27 from Canada. Telemedicine was broadly used; there was high consensus to interrupt chemotherapy in COVID-19–positive patients (I = 75%, C = 55%, and E = 83.3%) and for use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor primary prophylaxis for neutropenia (I = 65%, C = 62.9%, and E = 50%). The main differences emerged regarding the management of stage I and stage IIA disease, likely because of cultural and geographical differences.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the common efforts of GCT experts in Europe and Canada to maintain high standards of treatment for patients with GCT with few changes in their management during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Administración de la acequia Tabacundo e implicaciones del territorio Cayambe-Pedro Moncayo durante el siglo XX
Authors: Castillo Vaca Luis Alfonso 
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN
El recorrido histórico de la construcción y manejo de la Acequia Tabacundo y del Proyecto de Riego Cayambe Pedro Moncayo en el siglo XX, permite visualizar el complejo desarrollo local que se establece en este territorio, como efecto de los cambios de legislación, institucionalidad y economía nacionales, ésta última dependiente de los flujos de los mercados especialmente internacionales. Éste análisis fortalece la comprensión y reflexión de los resultados e impactos de estos procesos, mediante la revisión empírica de documentos disponibles e información lograda directamente con los representantes territoriales relacionados a la administración de la Acequia y ejecución del Proyecto.

Los dos modelos de administración de la Acequia Tabacundo y el devenir del moderno Proyecto creados durante el siglo pasado, determinan características propias y especificidades, que responden a la coexistencia local de diferencias y desarrollos combinados, especialmente a nivel productivo y social.

Los conflictos por el manejo del recurso agua son evidentes al terminar el siglo XX, particularmente entre la gestión y prestación del servicio de riego de la Acequia, por parte de la administración municipal de Pedro Moncayo, y los diferentes consumidores del riego del territorio. Profundizando su convergencia o diferencias con la misma institucionalidad local y provincial que iniciaron la construcción del Proyecto de Riego Cayambe Pedro Moncayo.