bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HClO‐Activated Fluorescence and Photosensitization from an AIE Nanoprobe for Image‐Guided Bacterial Ablation in Phagocytes
Authors: Wu Min , Wu Wenbo , Duan Yukun , Liu Xingang , Wang Meng , Phan Chi Uyen , Qi Guobin , Tang Guping , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBacteria hiding in host phagocytes are difficult to kill, which can cause phagocyte disorders resulting in local and systemic tissue damage. Effective accumulation of activatable photosensitizers (PSs) in phagocytes to realize selective imaging and on‐demand photodynamic ablation of bacteria is of great scientific and practical interests for precise bacteria diagnosis and treatment. Herein, HClO‐activatable theranostic nanoprobes, DTF‐FFP NPs, for image‐guided bacterial ablation in phagocytes are introduced. DTF‐FFP NPs are prepared by nanoprecipitation of an HClO‐responsive near‐infrared molecule FFP and an efficient PS DTF with aggregation‐induced emission characteristic using an amphiphilic polymer Pluronic F127 as the encapsulation matrix. As an energy acceptor, FFP can quench both fluorescence and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of DTF, thus eliminating the phototoxicity of DTF‐FFP NPs in normal cells and tissues. Once delivered to the infection sites, DTF‐FFP NPs light up with red fluorescence and efficiently generate ROS owing to the degradation of FFP by the stimulated release of HClO in phagocytes. The selective activation of fluorescence and photosensitization is successfully confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo results, demonstrating the effectiveness and theranostic potential of DTF‐FFP NPs in precise bacterial therapy.
A Low Cost Aqueous Zn–S Battery Realizing Ultrahigh Energy Density
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Kangli , Jiang Kai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries are enabled by the (de)intercalation chemistry, but bottlenecked by the limited energy density due to the low capacity of cathodes. In this work, carbon nanotubes supported 50 wt% sulfur (denoted as S@CNTs‐50), as a conversional cathode, is employed and a high energy density aqueous zinc–sulfur (Zn–S) battery is constructed . In the electrolyte of 1 m Zn(CH3COO)2 (pH = 6.5) with 0.05 wt% I2 additive where I2 can serve as medium of Zn2+ ions to reduce the voltage hysteresis of S@CNTs‐50 and stabilize Zn stripping/plating, S@CNTs‐50 delivers a high capacity of 1105 mAh g−1 with a flat discharge voltage of 0.5 V, realizing an energy density of 502 Wh kg−1 based on sulfur, which is one of the highest values reported in aqueous Zn‐based batteries that use mild electrolyte. Moreover, the chemical materials cost of this aqueous Zn–S battery can be lowered to be $45 kWh−1 due to the cheap raw materials, reaching to the level of pumped energy storage. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectrum, and transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal that sulfur cathode undergoes a conversion reaction between S and ZnS.
Intercropping wheat between walnut trees reduced yield and improved quality
Authors: Qiao Xu , Gao Yonghong , Xiao Li , Lyu Xinkai , Zhang Caihong , Zhang Yongqiang , Sai Lihan , Xue Lihua , Lei Junjie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAgroforestry is a common traditional practice in southern Xinjiang, northwest China. However, intercropping productivity has failed to meet expectations in many agroforestry systems as tree aged. Therefore, this study invested why this occurred. We chose walnut (Juglans regia L. Wen‐185) tree‐based agroforestry systems to investigate the influence of walnut tree shade intensity on the grain yield and quality of intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum). This replicated study was conducted in Southern Xinjiang China in 2011 and 2012. Walnut tree canopy reduced understory photosynthetically active radiation, decreased photosynthetic rates of intercropped wheat, decreased grain yield, spike number, grains per spike, and thousand‐grain weight. However, grain protein and wet gluten contents were improved. Significant negative linear correlations were detected between grain yield and N content with walnut tree age, but significant positive correlations were found between protein and wet gluten contents with walnut tree age. Protein and wet gluten contents were negatively correlated with grain yield, and with thousand‐grain weight. In conclusion, although grain yield was significantly decreased, grain quality was enhanced in walnut tree‐based agroforestry systems. The competition for light between walnut trees and intercrops could be alleviated by pruning, selective felling, and wider tree spacing.
Encapsulation of Rhodopseudomonas palustrisKTSSR54 using beads from alginate/starch blends
Authors: Rohman Saefur , Kaewtatip Kaewta , Kantachote Duangporn , Tantirungkij Manee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlginate beads are a promising carrier for biofertilizer delivery, but still possess drawbacks of low mechanical strength and bead shrinkage that result in poor appearance and inadequate cell protection. Blending alginate with starch was proposed as a solution to these problems, and here alginate hydrogels were prepared using a 2% (w/v) alginate dispersion blended with varying contents of gelatinized starch (0–5% w/v). The interaction produced a viscosity synergism that increased the complexity of the matrix network in the alginate/starch blends, producing a more suitable matrix for cell entrapment. Hydrogen bonding between alginate and starch influenced the viscosity of the various solutions in a way that was consistent with the FTIR spectra. The starch content also helped beads retain their spherical shape after drying. The starch supported the entrapment of bacterial cells (plant growth‐promoting bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris KTSSR54 as biofertilizer) in the matrix, which reduced cell loss. The highest entrapment efficiency of 70.83% was obtained at 4% (w/v) starch, while the entrapment efficiency of control beads was 50.56%. Overall, the appropriate content of starch mixed with alginate is conducive to changes in the morphology of microcapsules and increases in the amount of biological encapsulation.
Robust fault tolerant optimal predictive control of hybrid actuators with time‐varying delay for industrial robot arm
Authors: Zahaf Abdelmalek , Bououden Sofiane , Chadli Mohammed , Chemachema Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a robust hybrid fault‐tolerant optimal predictive control (HFTPC), for an industrial robot arm under hybrid (electric and pneumatic) actuator faults and/or varying time‐delays. Based on the error dynamics, estimated states, and a predictive controller, a new state feedback control law is proposed and implemented for the reformulation of the optimal control problem of a nonlinear faulty hybrid actuator system based on predictive control via linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). First, a robust MPC scheme is performed in which the future control sequence is used to compensate the varying time‐delays. Then, a robust stable hybrid fault tolerant predivtive control is implemented to handle actuators faults to effect robust trajectory tracking. In fact, the stability of hybrid systems based on the proposed control scheme is a very sensitive criterion. Therefore, stability conditions are required for controlling the industrial arm under faulty hybrid (electric and pneumatic) actuator, based on the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii (L‐K) theory, less conservative stable conditions in terms of LMIs are given and used to ensure the asymptotically robust stability of closed‐loop constrained system that dependent delay‐range. To highlight the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a simulation study of an industrial robot arm example is proved, where the results showed the prompt and the accuracy of the proposed scheme.
Teratogen update: Malaria in pregnancy and the use of antimalarial drugs in the first trimester
Authors: Clark Robert L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMalaria is a particular problem in pregnancy because of enhanced sensitivity, the possibility of placental malaria, and adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. Artemisinin‐containing combination therapies (ACTs) are the most effective antimalarials known. WHO recommends 7‐day quinine therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the first trimester despite the superior tolerability and efficacy of 3‐day ACT regimens because artemisinins caused embryolethality and/or cardiovascular malformations at relatively low doses in rats, rabbits, and monkeys. The developmental toxicity of artesunate, artemether, and DHA were similar in rats but artesunate was embryotoxic at lower doses in rabbits (5 mg/kg/day) than artemether (no effect level = 25 mg/kg/day). In clinical studies in Africa, treatment with artemether–lumefantrine in the first trimester was observed to be highly efficacious and the miscarriage rate (≤3.1%) was similar to no antimalarial treatment (2.6%). When data from the first‐trimester use of largely artesunate‐based therapies in Thailand were pooled together, there was no difference in miscarriage rate compared to quinine. However, individually, artesunate–mefloquine was associated with a higher miscarriage rate (15/71 = 21%) compared to other artemisinin‐based therapies including 7‐day artesunate + clindamycin (2/50 = 4%) and quinine (92/842 = 11%). Thus, appropriate statistical comparisons of individual ACT groups are needed prior to assuming that they all have the same risk for developmental toxicity. Current limitations in the assessment of the safety of ACTs in the first trimester are a lack of exposures early in gestation (gestational weeks 6–7), limited postnatal evaluation for cardiovascular malformations, and the pooling of all ACTs for the assessment of risk.
Emerging Strategies in Anticancer Combination Therapy Employing Silica‐Based Nanosystems
Authors: Castillo Rafael R. , Vallet‐Regí Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCombination therapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. However, beyond remotely‐triggered therapies that require advanced infrastructures and optimization, new combination therapies based on internally triggered cell‐killing effects have also demonstrated promising therapeutic profiles. In this revision, the focus is on self‐triggered strategies able to improve the therapeutic effect of drug delivery nanosystems. As reviewed, ferroptosis, hypoxia, and immunotherapy show potency enough to treat satisfactorily tumors in vivo. However, the interest of combining those with chemotherapeutics, especially with carriers based on mesoporous silica, has provided a new generation of therapeutic nanomedicines with potential enough to achieve complete tumor remission in murine models.
Incidence trends of lung and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in Switzerland
Authors: Alwan Heba , La Rosa Stefano , Andreas Kopp Peter , Germann Simon , Maspoli‐Conconi Manuela , Sempoux Christine , Bulliard Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) seems to increase worldwide. Long‐term, population‐based series that consider tumor differentiation are, however, sparse. We assessed the incidence trend of lung and gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NENs according to the latest International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization classification over a 41‐year time period in two Swiss regions. All cases of lung and GEP NENs recorded in the Vaud and Neuchâtel Cancer Registries from 1976 to 2016 were included. NENs were stratified into well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Changes in annual age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated for lung and GEP NETs and NECs by sex. Of 4,141 patients diagnosed with NENs, 65% were men. The incidence of lung NETs among men and women increased by 3.9%/year (95% CI: −5.3, 14.1%) and 4.9%/year (0.1, 9.9%), respectively, between 1976 and 2016. The incidence of lung NECs decreased by 2.6%/year (−3.1,‐1.8%) in men from 1985 to 2016 whereas it increased in women between 1976 and 1998 by 6%/year (4.2, 7.9%). For GEP NETs, a steady annual increase in incidence occurred between 1976 and 2016 with a magnitude of 1.7% (0.7, 2.7%) in men and 1.3% (0.5, 2.1%) in women. No significant trend in incidence of GEP NECs was found for both sexes. The incidence trends of lung NECs in men and women parallel changes in smoking prevalence in the population. Causes of the increase in incidence of GEP NETs are likely multifactorial. Our study supports the importance of evaluating the epidemiology of NENs by tumor differentiation.
The use of banter in psychotherapy: A systematic literature review
Authors: Brooks Adrian B. J. , Herrmann Pauline L. , Andreas Sylke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere has been a large body of literature and commentary on the use of humour in therapy. The goal of this paper was to systematically review the literature to find out whether one type of humour, banter, is reported as being used in psychotherapy. Aims included investigating the measures taken, banter's relevance to psychotherapy and the extent to which the existing literature addressed the outcome of therapy. Additionally, a deductive content analysis was carried out to extract banter‐related examples reported in clinical practice. Results showed that few studies explicitly referred to banter, and no study investigated banter as the main independent variable in the context of therapy. Results also revealed that there was only one paper that related banter to the outcome of therapy. Several conceptual nuances of banter‐related humour were highlighted, and theory‐driven constructs regarding the use of banter in therapy were identified. Context and attunement to a client's banter palate were highlighted as particularly important factors concerning the reception of banter in the therapeutic relationship. Finally, initial results indicate that one kind of psychodynamic‐oriented psychotherapy, the mentalisation‐based treatment, seems to be very well suited for the use of banter when challenging clients.
Structural Determination of a New Cycloartane Glycoside from Asplenium ruprechtii
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Bo , Liu Xiao‐Xi , Chen Jing‐Zhi , Guo Huan‐Huan , Hu Yun‐Qi , Guo Xin , Ma Xiao‐Li , Wang Fang , Zhang Dai‐Zhou , Wu Xiu‐Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe characterized a new cycloartane glycoside, herein known as aspleniumside F (1), along with five known compounds as kaempferol‐3‐O‐[(6‐O‐(E)‐feruloyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐galacopyranoside (2), quercetin‐3‐O‐[(6‐O‐(E)‐feruloyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol‐3‐O‐[(6‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol‐3‐O‐[(6‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (5), and kaempferol‐3‐O‐[(6‐O‐p‐coumaroyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (6), from Asplenium ruprechtii Sa. Kurata, a folk medicine widely used to treat Thromboangiitis obliterans in China, Japan, and Korea. Based on spectroscopic, mainly 1D‐, 2D‐NMR and (+)‐HR‐ESI‐MS, analyses as well as through comparisons with previous reports, its chemical structure was determined as 3β,24,30‐tri‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐23,25‐dihydroxycycloartane (= (23R,24R)‐3β,24‐bis‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐23,25‐dihydroxy‐9β‐9,19‐cyclolanostan‐29‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranoside). According to the 1H coupling constant of anomeric protons and co‐TLC of the acid hydrolysate with D‐glucose, all three glycoside groups in 1 were revealed as β‐D‐glucopyranosyl. Furthermore, SOD‐like antioxidant activity evaluation via IC50 of 12.43, 6.78, 9.12, 6.94 and 4.85 μM revealed that compounds 2–6 had bioactivity.
Major Fatty Acid Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated Paeonia ostii under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application
Authors: Liu Wei , Yin Dong‐Xue , Zhang Tong , Hou Xiao‐Gai , Qiao Qi , Song Peng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPaeonia ostii is now being extensively planted for oil extraction in China, which is recognized as a single oil‐use tree peony cultivar and commonly called ‘Fengdan’. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on oil yield, fatty acid compositions and antioxidant activity of P. ostii. Oil yield (33.46 %), oleic acid (25.12 %), linoleic acid (29.21 %) and α‐linolenic acid (43.12 %) reached the maximum at N450 treatment, with significant differences compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Furthermore, strong antioxidant activity with low DPPHIC50 value (19.43±1.91 μg mL−1) and large ABTS value (1216.53±30.21 μmol Trolox g−1) and FRAP value (473.57±9.11 μmol Trolox g−1) was also observed at N450. Palmitic acid (5.57 %) and stearic acid (2.02 %) reached a maximum at N375, but not significant with N450 (P<0.05). Nitrogen fertilizer could promote oil yield, fatty acid accumulation and antioxidant activity, and N450 (450 kg ha−1) is recommended as the optimum application for P. ostii.
Reduced expression of ppGalNAc‐T4 promotes proliferation of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Wu Qiong , Xie Xueqin , Zhang Keren , Niang Bachir , Liu Yimin , Zhang Cheng , Huang Tianmiao , Huang Huang , Li Wenli , Zhang Jianing , Liu Yubo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreast cancer, one of the most frequently diagnosed and aggressive malignancies, is the major cause of cancer‐related death greatly threatening women health. Polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 (ppGalNAc‐T4), responsible for the initial step of mucin‐type O‐glycosylation, has been reported to be implicated in diverse types of human tumors. However, the biological role of ppGalNAc‐T4 in breast cancer is still undetermined. In this study, we investigate the effects and mechanism of ppGalNAc‐T4 to breast cancer cell proliferation. From analysis of high throughput RNA sequencing datasets of Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress, a positive correlation between ppGalNAc‐T4 and the recurrence‐free survival was observed in multigroup of human breast cancer datasets. Moreover, transcriptomes analysis using RNA‐sequencing in MCF7 cells revealed that cell cycle‐related genes induced the effects of ppGalNAc‐T4 on breast cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, investigations showed that ppGalNAc‐T4 impaired cell proliferation in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cells. Furthermore, our results suggested that the ppGalNAc‐T4 knockout activated Notch signaling pathway and enhanced cell proliferation. Collectively, our data indicated that ppGalNAc‐T4 affected the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, which appears to be a novel target for understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of breast cancer.
Identifying functional characteristics of soft white wheat for saltine crackers
Authors: Deng Lingzhu , Hou Gary G. , Xu Min , Bock Jayne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesSoft red winter (SRW) wheat has been traditionally used in the manufacture of cookie and cracker products in Latin America; however, in some years SRW has experienced a supply shortage due to poor planting and/or crop conditions. Therefore, the demand for soft white wheat (SWH) for such products is increasing in Latin American markets, but buyers have been uncertain as to appropriate SWH contract specifications as SWH functions differently from SRW in cracker products. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal grain protein level and flour specifications of SWH for saltine crackers. SWH blends of varying grain protein contents from 8.7% to 12.5% were used to make saltine crackers. Flour solvent retention capacity (SRC), gluten and dough characteristics, and cracker‐baking performance were evaluated.FindingsThe sodium carbonate SRC increased from 71.9% to 75.0%, sucrose SRC from 83.4% to 94.2%, and lactic acid SRC from 98.0% to 113.3% as SWH protein content increased from 8.7% to 12.5%. Dough concurrently became more extensible (L: 109.0–143.0 mm) and deformation energy (W: 91.5–133.5 (10−4 J)) increased with higher protein content, especially in the range of 10.5%–12.5%. Cracker stack height (6.65–7.10 cm), stack height‐to‐weight ratio (0.196–0.210), and texture (breaking force: 1,934.9–3,158.2 g) gradually increased with increasing protein levels. The flour lactic acid SRC and dough rheological parameters (measured by Farinograph, Alveograph, and GlutoPeak) were significantly correlated with the cracker stack height‐to‐weight ratio and texture.ConclusionsSWH of grain protein content of 10.5%–11.6% had intermediate lactic acid SRC and dough strength that produced saltine crackers with appropriate stack height (6.95–7.10 cm) and desirable texture (2,172.9–2,473.8 g).Significance and noveltyThis research identified the SWH functionalities for saltine crackers and provided an initial starting point for Latin America and other buyers, millers, and bakers to better utilize SWH for cracker manufacturing.
Effects of growing environment, genotype, and commercial fertilization levels on free asparagine concentration in Western Canadian wheat
Authors: Xie Yi , Malunga Lovemore Nkhata , Ames Nancy P. , Waterer John , Khorshidi Ali Salimi , Scanlon Martin G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesFree asparagine (ASN) is the precursor to the formation of acrylamide, which is a probable neurotoxic and carcinogenic compound formed during high‐temperature (>120°C) processing of starchy foods, such as cereal‐based products. Controlling the acrylamide concentration of cereal‐based products, for example, bread, within the allowable levels established by the European Commission, is necessary for food safety purposes. One effective measure recommended by the European Commission to mitigate acrylamide in cereal‐based products is to reduce free ASN levels in raw ingredients, for example, wheat. Therefore, knowledge of free ASN levels in Canadian commercial wheat and the strategies to reduce its formation is necessary for the Canadian wheat industry to secure global market access for Canadian wheat. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of genotype, growing environment, and fertilization on free ASN concentration of whole‐wheat flour from Western Canadian wheat varieties.FindingsThe free ASN concentration of whole‐wheat flours in this study ranged from 281 to 1,014 µg/g (dry basis). The variation in free ASN levels in wheat was mainly influenced by the growing environment (44%), followed by genotype (31%) and the interaction between genotype and environment (18%). Although being significant, the effects of fertilization and interactions involving fertilization on free ASN concentration in whole‐wheat flour were minimal (0.7%–2.2%).ConclusionGrowing wheat genotypes in suitable environments, along with the selection of wheat genotypes with lower potential for free ASN formation, are the most effective strategies to control free ASN levels in Canadian wheat.Significance and noveltyLimited knowledge in regard to free ASN concentration and the strategies to reduce its formation in Canadian wheat may have a serious impact on Canadian wheat access to global markets, especially the European market. This study provides an understanding of the effects of growing environment, genotype, and fertilization on free ASN concentration of select Western Canadian commercial wheat varieties.