bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial aggregation of longevity in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Milchert Marcin , Brzosko Marek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe long-term mortality in giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is unexpectedly decreased or at least not increased regardless of several mortality risk factors that these diseases share with other chronic immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. The genetic and immunological profile of PMR/GCA patients is unique, therefore, the hypothesis that this profile provides some survival advantage to PMR/GCA patients should be considered. The longevity is a phenomenon that was demonstrated to be familial. The familial aggregation of longevity can be studied by analysis of life expectancy in family members. Here we test the hypothesis of the aggregation of an increased longevity in the families of PMR/GCA patients. We compared the age of death of 358 parents of 179 PMR and GCA patients with corresponding data retrieved from 506 parents of 253 randomly collected age and sex-matched controls. The number of nonagenarian (≥ 90-year -old) mothers of PMR/GCA patients was significantly higher (OR = 2.34, 95%CI 1.11–11.95, p < 0.0005) vs controls. Both nonagenarian parents were found in 6 patients (3.35%) and none in the control cohort (OR = 8.77, 95%CI 2.26–405.10, p = 0.003). Our data suggest the familial aggregation of nonagenarians in PMR/GCA patients.
Gut microbial composition in patients with atrial fibrillation: effects of diet and drugs
Authors: Tabata Tokiko , Yamashita Tomoya , Hosomi Koji , Park Jonguk , Hayashi Tomohiro , Yoshida Naofumi , Saito Yoshihiro , Fukuzawa Koji , Konishi Kana , Murakami Haruka , Kawashima Hitoshi , Mizuguchi Kenji , Miyachi Motohiko , Kunisawa Jun , Hirata Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) reduces the quality of life by triggering stroke and heart failure. The association between AF onset and gut metabolites suggests a causal relationship between AF and gut microbiota dysbiosis; however, the relationship remains poorly understood. We prospectively enrolled 34 hospitalized patients with AF and 66 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched control subjects without a history of AF. Gut microbial compositions were evaluated by amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. We assessed differences in dietary habits by using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Gut microbial richness was lower in AF patients, although the diversity of gut microbiota did not differ between the two groups. At the genus level,Enterobacterwas depleted, whileParabacteroides,Lachnoclostridium,Streptococcus,andAlistipeswere enriched in AF patients compared to control subjects. The BDHQ revealed that the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosadienoic acid was higher in AF patients. Our results suggested that AF patients had altered gut microbial composition in connection with dietary habits.
Longitudinal determination of resilience in humans to identify mechanisms of resilience to modern-life stressors: the longitudinal resilience assessment (LORA) study
Authors: Chmitorz A. , Neumann R. J. , Kollmann B. , Ahrens K. F. , Öhlschläger S. , Goldbach N. , Weichert D. , Schick A. , Lutz B. , Plichta M. M. , Fiebach C. J. , Wessa M. , Kalisch R. , Tüscher O. , Lieb K. , Reif A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResilience is the maintenance and/or quick recovery of mental health during and after periods of adversity. It is conceptualized to result from a dynamic process of successful adaptation to stressors. Up to now, a large number of resilience factors have been proposed, but the mechanisms underlying resilience are not yet understood. To shed light on the complex and time-varying processes of resilience that lead to a positive long-term outcome in the face of adversity, the Longitudinal Resilience Assessment (LORA) study has been established. In this study, 1191 healthy participants are followed up at 3- and 18-month intervals over a course of 4.5 years at two study centers in Germany. Baseline and 18-month visits entail multimodal phenotyping, including the assessment of mental health status, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, resilience factors, life history, neuropsychological assessments (of proposed resilience mechanisms), and biomaterials (blood for genetic and epigenetic, stool for microbiome, and hair for cortisol analysis). At 3-monthly online assessments, subjects are monitored for subsequent exposure to stressors as well as mental health measures, which allows for a quantitative assessment of stressor-dependent changes in mental health as the main outcome. Descriptive analyses of mental health, number of stressors including major life events, daily hassles, perceived stress, and the ability to recover from stress are here presented for the baseline sample. The LORA study is unique in its design and will pave the way for a better understanding of resilience mechanisms in humans and for further development of interventions to successfully prevent stress-related disorder.
Associations between COVID-19 related media consumption and symptoms of anxiety, depression and COVID-19 related fear in the general population in Germany
Authors: Bendau Antonia , Petzold Moritz Bruno , Pyrkosch Lena , Mascarell Maricic Lea , Betzler Felix , Rogoll Janina , Große Julia , Ströhle Andreas , Plag Jens 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn context of the current COVID-19 pandemic the consumption of pandemic-related media coverage may be an important factor that is associated with anxiety and psychological distress. Aim of the study was to examine those associations in the general population in Germany. 6233 participants took part in an online-survey (March 27th–April 6th, 2020), which included demographic information and media exploitation in terms of duration, frequency and types of media. Symptoms of depression, unspecific anxiety and COVID-19 related anxiety were ascertained with standardized questionnaires. Frequency, duration and diversity of media exposure were positively associated with more symptoms of depression and unspecific and COVID-19 specific anxiety. We obtained the critical threshold of seven times per day and 2.5 h of media exposure to mark the difference between mild and moderate symptoms of (un)specific anxiety and depression. Particularly the usage of social media was associated with more pronounced psychological strain. Participants with pre-existing fears seem to be particularly vulnerable for mental distress related to more immoderate media consumption. Our findings provide some evidence for problematical associations of COVID-19 related media exposure with psychological strain and could serve as an orientation for recommendations—especially with regard to the thresholds of critical media usage.
A distant relationship?—investigation of correlations between DNA isolated from backspatter traces recovered from firearms, wound profile characteristics, and shooting distance
Authors: Euteneuer Jan , Gosch Annica , Cachée Philipp , Courts Cornelius 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn molecular ballistics, where traces originating from the use of firearms against biological targets are investigated, “backspatter” traces are of particular importance. This biological material comprising blood and tissue from the victim is propelled back from the bullet entry site towards the direction of the shooter and can consolidate and persist on the inner and outer surfaces of the firearm, from where it can be collected and analyzed. Thus, a connection between the weapon and the victim can be established solely by molecular biological trace analysis. For the criminalistic investigation of gun-related crimes, the determination of the distance between the weapon and the victim can be of critical importance in reconstructing the circumstances of a crime. In this study, we investigated possible correlations between the shooting distance and the amount of backspatter in/on the used firearm. To this purpose, we employed a previously established skull model and performed shootings in triplicates from various distances up to 50 cm with two types of handguns (pistol and revolver). Backspatter was collected from various sampling locations, and DNA contents were quantified. A post-shooting wound channel evaluation was conducted by optical and radiological evaluation. The obtained DNA yields varied considerably between replicates from the same and from different distances. In contrast, apart from contact shots, no meaningful differences were observable in wound channel evaluations. In summary, no meaningful correlation between backspatter distribution and DNA yields, the shooting distance and the condition of the wound channel could be established.
Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute stroke care
Authors: Rinkel L. A. , Prick J. C. M. , Slot R. E. R. , Sombroek N. M. A. , Burggraaff J. , Groot A. E. , Emmer B. J. , Roos Y. B. W. E. M. , Brouwer M. C. , van den Berg-Vos R. M. , Majoie C. B. L. M. , Beenen L. F. M. , van de Beek D. , Visser M. C. , van Schaik S. M. , Coutinho J. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose
There are concerns that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak negatively affects the quality of care for acute cardiovascular conditions. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on trends in hospital admissions and workflow parameters of acute stroke care in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Methods
We used data from the three hospitals that provide acute stroke care for the Amsterdam region. We compared two 7-week periods: one during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (March 16th–May 3th 2020) and one prior to the outbreak (October 21st–December 8th 2019). We included consecutive patients who presented to the emergency departments with a suspected stroke and assessed the change in number of patients as an incidence-rate ratio (IRR) using a Poisson regression analysis. Other outcomes were the IRR for stroke subtypes, change in use of reperfusion therapy, treatment times, and in-hospital complications.

Results
During the COVID-19 period, 309 patients presented with a suspected stroke compared to 407 patients in the pre-COVID-19 period (IRR 0.76 95%CI 0.65–0.88). The proportion of men was higher during the COVID-19 period (59% vs. 47%, p < 0.001). There was no change in the proportion of stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (28% vs. 30%, p = 0.58) or endovascular thrombectomy (11% vs 12%, p = 0.82) or associated treatment times. Seven patients (all ischemic strokes) were diagnosed with COVID-19.

Conclusion
We observed a 24% decrease in suspected stroke presentations during the COVID-19 outbreak, but no evidence for a decrease in quality of acute stroke care.
Inequalities in referral pathways for young people accessing secondary mental health services in south east London
Authors: Chui Zoe , Gazard Billy , MacCrimmon Shirlee , Harwood Hannah , Downs Johnny , Bakolis Ioannis , Polling Catherine , Rhead Rebecca , Hatch Stephani L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDifferences in health service use between ethnic groups have been well documented, but little research has been conducted on inequalities in access to mental health services among young people. This study examines inequalities in pathways into care by ethnicity and migration status in 12–29 years old accessing health services in south east London. This study analyses anonymized electronic patient record data for patients aged 12–29 referred to a south east London mental health trust between 2008 and 2016 for an anxiety or non-psychotic depressive disorder (n = 18,931). Multinomial regression was used to examine associations between ethnicity, migration status, and both referral source and destination, stratified by age group. Young people in the Black African ethnic group were more likely to be referred from secondary health or social/criminal justice services compared to those in the White British ethnic group; the effect was most pronounced for those aged 16–17 years. Young people in the Black African ethnic group were also significantly more likely to be referred to inpatient and emergency services compared to those in the White British ethnic group. Black individuals living in south east London, particularly those who identify as Black African, are referred to mental health services via more adverse pathways than White individuals. Our findings suggest that inequalities in referral destination may be perpetuated by inequalities generated at the point of access.
Epidemiological and clinical course of 483 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a single-center, retrospective study from the mobile cabin hospital
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Zhixian , Zhao Jianping , Zeng Xiaoyong , Wu Mingfu , Wang Shixuan , Wang Tiejun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 outbreak, the mobile cabin hospital has effectively isolated and treated patients diagnosed as mild-moderate disease. However, a detailed clinical course has not been well described. We included 483 patients who were isolated and treated from Feb 6, 2020, to Feb 15, 2020, including definite outcome (discharge or deterioration). Sixty-two patients were transferred to severe cases, of whom were trasfered to designated hospital for intensive care. By March 9, 2020, all patients were discharged without dead. The mobile cabin hospital provides feasible strategy of isolation of mild-moderate cases and timely intervention during the virus outbreak.
Motivational assistance system design for industrial production: from motivation theories to design strategies
Authors: Dostert Janik , Müller Romy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndustrial production is still widely sustained by human operators. However, the design of human–machine interaction often does not foster the motivation to learn more about their machine or system. This may decrease operators’ ability to flexibly adjust their decision making and problem-solving skills to the current production context. Motivation to learn could be attained by a motivating socio-technical design of assistance systems, but suitable and context-specific design strategies are lacking. In the present study, a systematic literature review of motivation theories in education, at the workplace, and in system design was carried out. The resulting 16 theories were integrated into a conceptual model of motivating assistance system design in industrial production. In this model, learning motivation results from the satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which in turn is mediated through the design of the system (including interface, task, and behavior). Moreover, this process is subject to moderating influences from job characteristics, personal variables, and factors concerning the respective work domain. Strategies for motivational design are derived from the model, and an example from the discrete processing industry is used to illustrate how the model could be applied to design assistance systems in this domain. Finally, the procedures for theory selection and model development are discussed, theoretical and practical implications are derived, and alternative strategies of instilling motivation are considered.
Transatlantischer Handelskonflikt und die deutsche Wirtschaft: Auf die Dauer kommt es an
Authors: Dullien Sebastian , Stephan Sabine , Theobald Thomas 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungAuch in der Corona-Krise schwelen internationale Handelskonflikte weiter. So verschärfte die US-Regierung Mitte Mai 2020, mitten in der Corona-Krise, noch einmal die Exportbeschränkungen für Zulieferer des chinesischen Telekommunikationsausrüsters Huawei. Angesichts des dramatischen Nachfrageeinbruchs bei den Automobilherstellern kann deshalb auch nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass Donald Trump seine protektionistische Idee, die Einfuhr von Autos und Autoteilen aus der EU mit Strafzöllen zu belegen, wiederbeleben und damit auch den transatlantischen Handelskonflikt neu anfachen könnte. Simulationen zeigen, dass ein solcher Konflikt insbesondere bei einer Ausweitung der Zölle auf weitere Sektoren und einer längeren Dauer der deutschen Wirtschaft spürbaren Schaden zufügen könnte.
100 Jahre Betriebsrätegesetz und aktuelle Partizipation von Beschäftigten in Deutschland
Authors: Lesch Hagen 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungAm 4. Februar 1920 trat in Deutschland das erste Betriebsrätegesetz in Kraft. Nachdem es 1934 ausgesetzt worden war, führte der Alliierte Kontrollrat die betriebliche Mitbestimmung 1946 wieder ein. Nach mehreren Reformen hat sich die Mitbestimmung etabliert. Während aber in Großunternehmen die betriebliche Mitbestimmung fest verankert ist, wird im Mittelstand eher auf weniger institutionalisierte Beteiligungsformen gesetzt. Der Wandel der Arbeitsorganisation durch Crowdworking, Telearbeit und Solo-Selbständigkeit stellt allerdings die betriebliche Zusammenarbeit vor neue Herausforderungen. Derzeit ist noch nicht erkennbar, dass die Betriebsräte darauf nicht mithilfe der bereits in der Betriebsverfassung angelegten Befugnisse angemessen reagieren können. Das Jubiläum sollte Anlass dafür sein, intensiver über die Zukunft der deutschen Betriebsverfassung und über die alternativ praktizierten Partizipationsformen zu forschen und zu diskutieren.
Raus aus der Neueinstellungskrise!
Authors: Merkl Christian , Weber Enzo 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungAnders als in der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise 2009 ist der Arbeitsmarkt in der Corona-Krise 2020 deutlich stärker betroffen. Insbesondere die Neueinstellungen sind sehr stark zurückgegangen — mit der Gefahr, dass daraus eine langwierige Arbeitslosigkeit und eine „Generation Corona“ der Absolventen entsteht. Um diesem Phänomen frühzeitig entgegenzutreten, wären temporäre Einstellungszuschüsse auch unter Einbeziehung aller Risiken eine sinnvolle Maßnahme.
Digitale Zentralbankwährungen: Chancen, Risiken und Blockchain-Technologie
Authors: Groß Jonas , Klein Manuel , Sandner Philipp 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Zentralbanken planen innerhalb der nächsten Jahre, eigene digitale Zentralbankwährungen einzuführen. Die Blockchain-Technologie kann dafür die technologische Basis darstellen. Zentralbanken experimentieren mit dieser Technologie, um Währungen perspektivisch auf Blockchain-Basis abzubilden. Mögliche Vorteile einer digitalen Zentralbankwährung wären eine höhere finanzielle Stabilität, eine höhere Sicherheit und Effizienz im Zahlungsverkehr und ein höherer Automatisierungsgrad von Geschäftsprozessen. Risiken beständen darin, dass es nach einer Einführung zu einem digitalen Bank Run kommen könnte, dass Banken immens an Bedeutung verlieren könnten und letztlich die Datenschutzproblematik geklärt werden muss.
Exchange-based diffusion in Hb-Graphs
Authors: Ouvrard Xavier , Le Goff Jean-Marie , Marchand-Maillet Stéphane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHighlighting important information of a network is commonly achieved by using random walks related to diffusion over such structures. Complex networks, where entities can have multiple relationships, call for a modeling based on hypergraphs. But, the limitation of hypergraphs to binary entities in co-occurrences has led us to introduce a new mathematical structure called hyperbaggraphs, that relies on multisets. This is not only a shift in the designation but a real change of mathematical structure, with a new underlying algebra. Diffusion processes commonly start with a stroke at one vertex and diffuse over the network. In the original conference article—(Ouvrard et al. 2018)—that this article extends we have proposed a two-phase step exchange-based diffusion scheme, in the continuum of spectral network analysis approaches, that takes into account the multiplicities of entities. This diffusion scheme allows to highlight information not only at the level of the vertices but also at the regrouping level. In this paper, we present new contributions: the proofs of conservation and convergence of the extracted sequences of the diffusion process, as well as the illustration of the speed of convergence and comparison between classical and modified random walks; the algorithms of the exchange-based diffusion and the modified random walk; the application to two use cases, one based on Arxiv publications and another based on Coco dataset images. All the figures have been revisited in this extended version to take the new developments into account.
Repolarization of tumor infiltrating macrophages and increased survival in mouse primary CNS lymphomas after XPO1 and BTK inhibition
Authors: Jiménez Isabel , Carabia Júlia , Bobillo Sabela , Palacio Carles , Abrisqueta Pau , Pagès Carlota , Nieto Juan C. , Castellví Josep , Martínez-Ricarte Francisco , Escoda Lourdes , Perla Cristóbal , Céspedes Torrez Dennis H. , Boix Joan , Purroy Noelia , Puigdefàbregas Lluís , Seoane Joan , Bosch Francesc , Crespo Marta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) often face dismal outcomes due to the limited availability of therapeutic options. PCNSL cells frequently have deregulated B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, but clinical responses to its inhibition using ibrutinib have been brief. In this regard, blocking nuclear export by using selinexor, which covalently binds to XPO1, can also inhibit BCR signaling. Selinexor crosses the blood–brain barrier and was recently shown to have clinical activity in a patient with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the CNS. We studied selinexor alone or in combination with ibrutinib in pre-clinical mouse models of PCNSL.

Methods
Orthotopic xenograft models were established by injecting lymphoma cells into the brain parenchyma of athymic mice. Tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence. Malignant cells and macrophages were studied by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.

Results
Selinexor blocked tumor growth and prolonged survival in a bioluminescent mouse model, while its combination with ibrutinib further increased survival. CNS lymphoma in mice was infiltrated by tumor-promoting M2-like macrophages expressing PD-1 and SIRPα. Interestingly, treatment with selinexor and ibrutinib favored an anti-tumoral immune response by shifting polarization toward inflammatory M1-like and diminishing PD-1 and SIRPα expression in the remaining tumor-promoting M2-like macrophages.

Conclusions
These data highlight the pathogenic role of the innate immune microenvironment in PCNSL and provide pre-clinical evidence for the development of selinexor and ibrutinib as a new promising therapeutic option with cytotoxic and immunomodulatory potential.
Do measures of risk attitude in the laboratory predict behavior under risk in and outside of the laboratory?
Authors: Charness Gary , Garcia Thomas , Offerman Theo , Villeval Marie Claire 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider the external validity of laboratory measures of risk attitude. Based on a large-scale experiment using a representative panel of the Dutch population, we test if these measures can explain two different types of behavior: (i) behavior in laboratory risky financial decisions, and (ii) behavior in naturally-occurring field behavior under risk (financial, health and employment decisions). We find that measures of risk attitude are related to behavior in laboratory financial decisions and the most complex measures are outperformed by simpler measures. However, measures of risk attitude are not related to risk-taking in the field, calling into question the methods currently used for the purpose of measuring actual risk preferences. We conclude that while the external validity of measures of risk attitude holds in closely related frameworks, this validity is compromised in more remote settings.