bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the genus Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Scincidae) in southern Vietnam, with additional data on S. sheai and S. tridigitus
Authors: Le Manh Van , Nguyen Luan Thanh , Vo Ba Dinh , Murphy Robert W. , Nguyen Vu Dang Hoang , Nguyen Sang Ngoc 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Among 14 species of forest skinks (genus Sphenomorphus) in Vietnam, seven were recorded from southern part of the country. Shea’s forest skink, S. sheai, was described from Kon Tum Plateau based on a single female. Similarly, the tridigital forest skink, S. tridigitus, was also described based on a single putrid and desiccated specimen found dead on a road in Bach Ma; specimens collected recently in Laos did not fully agree with the original description. Hence, additional specimens from type localities of both poorly known species are necessary to discern their morphological variation. In addition, little is known about hemipenis and distribution of the other forest skinks in southern Vietnam. Our study seeks to (1) confirm the occurrence of all known species in the area and access their distributions, (2) provide additional morphological data on poorly known S. sheai and S. tridigitus, and (3) describe hemipenial structure of known species.
Methods: We analyzed the morphology of 47 specimens of forest skink collected from southern Vietnam to identify species. Scales were observed and counted under a zoom stereo microscope and measurements were taken with a digital caliper.
Results: Analyses confirmed the occurrence of seven species of Sphenomorphus in southern Vietnam, including S. annamiticus, S. buenloicus, S. indicus, S. maculatus, S. sheai, S. tridigitus, and S. yersini. New specimens of S. sheai had one enlarged anterior temporal and eight or nine lamellae under fourth toe, which differed from the original description. Additional specimens of S. tridigitus from the type locality verified that the holotype has 20 mid-body scale rows and first supralabial and nasal fused, but they differed from the holotype in having upper temporal overlapped or overlapping the lower one. Fieldwork discovered 20 new localities for all seven species. The hemipenes of four species involved those with symmetric and asymmetric lobes.
Conclusion: We confirm the occurrence of seven species of Sphenomorphus in southern Vietnam with 20 additional distribution records. Hemipenial structures of known species form two groups. New specimens of S. sheai and S. tridigitus differ slightly from the holotypes.
PREVALENCE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF VEDANTA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Churi Dr. Amit Ramesh 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Skin is generally colonised by a wide range of microorganisms that could cause infection. Surgical site infection (SSI) requires evidence of clinical signs and symptoms of infection rather than microbiological evidence alone. SSIs generally affect the superficial tissues, but some more serious infections affect the deeper tissues or other parts of the body manipulated during the surgical procedure.About 5% of patients posted for surgery develop surgical site infections (SSIs), which may cause much morbidity and may sometimes mortality. Treatment of SSIs imposes a substantial financial burden on the health care system. Patients who develop SSI are more likely to spend 60% more time in an Intensive care unit (ICU), they are 5 times as likely to be readmitted and their mortality rate is twice of non-infected patient. But to great surprise 40-60% of these infections are preventable.
Material and Methods: A total of 500 patients who had undergone surgical procedure at the teaching hospitalwere studied prospectively. A total of 464(92.8%) elective surgical patients and 36(7.2%) emergency surgical patients were included in the study.Patient information gathered from the data chart, treatment chart and from ward rounds in the hospital. All patients were followed up from the time of admission until the time of discharge and 30 days postoperatively to inspect the incidence of SSI. Wound infection was diagnosed. SSI diagnosed was divided into three categories: Superficial incision SSI, Deep incision SSI and Organ/space SSI. SSI is considered if an infection occurred within 30 days after the operation, if no implant is left in place SSI was considered.
Results: In the present study 500 patients were included of which 464(92.8%) were elective surgical patients and 36(7.2%) were emergency surgical patients. Total SSI cases were 41 (8.2%) of which 29 (70.7%) were identified in elective surgery cases and 12 (29.3%) were observed in emergency surgery superficial incision SSI was most prevalent 25 (61%) followed by deep incisional SSI 11(26.8%) and then by organ/space SSI 5(12.2%).Mean age in elective surgery group was 52.4±7.48 and in emergency surgery group was 56.2± 6.78. In elective surgery group there were 296 (63.8%) male and 168 (36.2%) female. In emergency group there were 29 (80.6%) male and 7 (19.4%) female. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to 404 (87.1%) in elective surgery group and 30 (83.3%) in emergency surgery group. SSI rate observed in elective surgery group was 29/464 (6.25%) while in emergency surgery group was 12/36 (33.33%).BMI (Body mass index) in elective surgery group was 28.7 ±2.45and in emergency surgery group was 27.6 ± 2.89.
Conclusion: higher incidence of SSI with increasing age of the patient.it was observed that to prevent SSI prophylactic antibiotics should be initiated within one hour before surgical incision.
Keywords: SSI, Surgery, Superficial incision SSI, Deep incision SSI, Organ/space SSI
PROBIOTIC ADMINISTRATION IN PERIODONTAL THERAPY – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Upasana Kumari , Chaudhary Shivendra , Kundapur Pratibha P , Kamath Shobha , Chakravarthy Pentapati K , Kamenahalli Shilpa Srinivas , Kumar Vikas 
Published: March 2020

Background: The mouth, like the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, is heavily colonized by bacteria. The gingival crevice between the teeth and the gums / gingivae offers a unique niche for colonization of bacteria. Gum disease or ‘periodontitis’ is largely attributed to a microbial etiology along with recent observations on the role of the host response. Hence, periodontal therapy has traditionally focused on the reduction of the bacterial threat. This, however, disrupts the microbial ecological balance. Probiotics is a newer treatment approach that focuses on restoring the reduced numbers of beneficial bacteria.
Methods: The present study intended to evaluate the effect of probiotic capsule administration in 20 patients each with gingivitis and periodontitis. ‘Cases’ received probiotic capsule and oral prophylaxis while the remaining ten patients received only oral prophylaxis and served as ‘Controls’ in each of the gingivitis / periodontitis groups. Plaque, Bleeding and Gingival Indices, Pocket probing depth along with GCF samples for estimation of Myeloperoxide and Thiol antioxidants were recorded at baseline and one month after treatment.
Results: Improvement of clinical parameters as well as increase in GCF thiol and decreased myeloperoxidase concentrations was observed in the groups with probiotics.
Discussion: A greater reduction in plaque scores in the cases may be attributed to probiotic induced reduced microbial colonization. Probiotic species effectively reduce the level of inflammation associated molecules, such as prostaglandin E2 and interferon C and MMP activity. It may be plausible that by modulating these factors, probiotics can lead to improvement of the periodontal parameters.
Conclusion: Hence, probiotic supplementation along with scaling and root planing may be an effective adjunct for periodontal therapy.
Keywords: Antioxidants, capsule, gingival crevicular fluid, gingivitis, periodontitis, probiotics
PREVALENCE OF NAFLD AND IT’S ASSOCIATION WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES
Authors: Gupta Dr. Ritu , Thakur Dr. Shivesh , Nigam Dr. Saurabh 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver, mostly in the form of triglycerides (TG), which exceeds 5% of the liver weight.NAFLD is strongly associated with Insulin Resistance(IR).Patients with NAFLD also having type 2 diabetes carry added risk of progressive forms of the disease particularly cirrhosis. They also have poor glycemic control owing to IR. So it is logical to identifying the patients with diabetes having NAFLD could estimates the future risk and help in prevention of chronic liver disease and delaying the progression to NASH and cirrhosis and various complications of Diabetes.
Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted in department of medicine, N.S.C.B., MCH, Jabalpur in which 100 cases of diabetes were taken who satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria. Abdominal USG was used for evidence of fatty liver and it’s grading and fasting serum levels of insulin (FIL) and fasting blood sugar(FBS) were used to calculate HOMA IR value to find presence of IR.
Results: Our study showed prevalence of NAFLD was 56%(n-56),Among these,in 58.92%(n-33) cases NAFLD is associated with IR(chi square value-4.1,p value-0.041).Prevalence of NAFLD was slightly more in females-56.6%(n-30) as compare to males-55.32%(n-26).Strong association of NAFLD with IR is found among females as compare to males (p-0.022 and p-0.79 respectively). Waist circumference, Mean BMI, FBS, Triglycerides, FIL and HOMA IR levels in cases with NAFLD (95.11±12.46, 24.83±2.42, 176.13±66.79, 180.07±51.35, 13.59±15.42, 5.33±5.21)were higher as compare to non NAFLD (85.84±9.86, 22.41±2.16, , 134.8±34.41,139.09±39.27, 6.79±4.49, 2.37±1.94)respectively. The mean AST and ALT levels were higher in NAFLD group than Non NAFLD group (t= 2.23,2.19) respectively with p value <0.05.Prevalence of NAFLD was 88.23%(n-15)in obese population.
Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of NAFLD in patients with diabetes, the possibility of NAFLD should be suspected in all of them. These patients with NAFLD have high propensity of IR than Non NAFLD patients, so are at higher risk of developing complications of diabetes, NASH and cirrhosis. Also obese diabetic patients have higher incidence of NAFLD and IR as compared to non-obese patients. It seems reasonable to expect that early diagnosis of NAFLD and early intervention with strict glycemic control and weight loss would prevent complications.
TO STUDY THE INCIDENCES OF CARDIAC MANIFESTATION IN THYROID DISORDER (HYPO & HYPER) BOTH IN RURAL AREA OF MALWA REGION
Authors: Ram Dr. Ravija Prasad , Lad Dr. Divyesh , Singh Dr. Badri Vishal , Jain Dr. Arihant 
Published: March 2020

Background: In this study 100 cases of thyroid dysfunction were studied for the cardiovascular manifestations. Out of these, 60 cases were of hypothyroidism and 40 cases were of hyperthyroidism.
There was no age bar for inclusion in the study. All of these cases were selected from those attending the Endocrinology OPD in IMCHRC hospital, Indore.
Result: Low pulse pressure is the commonest cardiovascular finding in hypothyroidism (68.33%) followed by diastolic hypertension (55%), soft heart murmur (31.66%), sinus bradycardia (30%) and pericardial effusion (20%) Pulse pressure >40 mm of Hg is the commonest finding in hyperthyroidism. Almost all patients of hyperthyroidism have sinus tachycardia.
Conclusion: Study of cardiac signs and symptoms in patient with hyperthyroidism revealed 87.5% prevalence of pulse pressure > 40 mm hg, 85% prevalence of loud heart sound, 82.5% cases of sinus tachycardia, 52.5% cases of hyperdynamic precordium, 47.5% cases of ejection systolic murmur, 42.5% cases of prolonged Qt interval, 25% cases of precordial thrill, 47.5% patients with systolic BP>160 mm Hg, 20 5 cases with mid systolic click, 27.5% patients with LVH , 15% cases with ST-T changes, 5% cases with S3 and 10% patients with atrial fibrillation.
Keywords: Cardiac, Manifestation, Thyroid, Hyperthyroidism & Hypothyroidism.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ANTERIOR BRIDGE PLATING FOR HUMERUS SHAFT FRACTURES BY MINIMAL INVASIVE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Kumar Dr. Arun 
Published: March 2020

Near normal acceptable reduction and rigid stable fixation has its biological advantage as compare to absolute anatomical reduction with compromising soft tissue and vascularity. Biological fixation of fractures with soft tissue preservation and near acceptable reduction is becoming a more acceptable entity. However it is to be evaluated. For a satisfactorily outcome only union is not the only requirement but early and acceptable functional usage of the limb is the goal. Therefore concept of biological fixation was developed over a stable mechanical fixation. This has evolved the development and improvement in the techniques of biological fracture fixation and stabilization systems. From conservative cast and braces to internal fixation with intramedullary interlocking nailing, ORIF with plate and screw. Treatment of humeral fracture has evolved a lot with their complications. Studies are still going on to prove superiority of one over another. Minimally invasive technique for humerus shaft fracture has shown promising results recently.
The present study was planned in Department of Orthopaedic, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital (SKMCH), Muzaffarpur, Bihar from jan 2017 to Oct 2017. Total 10 cases with fractures of humerus shaft were treated with Minimum invasive Anterior Bridge plating techniques were evaluated in the present study.
The data generated from the present study concludes that though the technique is very promising, it has a steep learning curve involved. The greatest advantage is minimally invasive, minimal soft tissue stripping, smaller incisions, minimal blood loss, shorter operative time and early rehabilitation. In conclusion anterior bridge plating (ABP) is very good technique in treating midshaft humeral fractures with minimal soft tissue dissection, smaller scars, and early return to overhead activities.
Keywords: Anterior bridge plate, humerus fracture, minimal invasive technique, minimal invasive procedure, etc.
A CASE-CONTROL STUDY ABOUT HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE AND MORBIDITY OF NEWBORNS AT BIRTH, BORN TO MOTHERS WITH HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY.
Authors: Jagrwal Sameer , Goyal Gourav Kumar , Tak SK 
Published: March 2020

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy complicate about 8% of all gestations. Hypertensive disorders are responsible for significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
AIMS: To determine the hematological parameters and morbidity in neonates born to mothers with gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia syndrome and in neonates born to normotensive mothers without any maternal complications or medical illness with special reference to platelet count and neutrophil count.
Methods and Material: The study was a prospective study conducted on neonates born to pregnant women complicated with gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia syndrome and neonates born to normotensive mothers recruited at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Post natal wards who were delivered at Ananta Hospital and AIMS & RC, Rajsamand (Raj.) from October 2018 to September 2019 and the hematological parameters of these babies were studied.
Results: In our study we observed that the mean value of platelet count were significantly lower in study group compared to control group which was highly Statistical significant (p<0.001). The mean value of PT, aPTT, Bleeding Time and Clotting time were significantly higher in study group, as compared to control group. The statistical analytic differences were highly significant in all parameters i.e. PT, aPTT, Bleeding Time and Clotting time (P<0.001).
Conclusion: To conclude early hematological screening of babies are recommended to facilitate early detection and management of serious neonatal complications describes above, to decrease morbidity and improved growth, development and survival.
Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Gestational Hypertension, Newborns.
A STUDY OF 70 CASES OF DUB
Authors: Parmar Dr. Yogesh C. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a phenomenon which refers to menstrual bleeding of abnormal frequency, duration or quantity. It is a common gynaecological complaint caused by wide variety of organic or non-organic causes. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of dysfunctional uterine bleeding with respect to aetiopathology, demographic variables, treatment options and other medical disorders.
Methods: A retrospective study of randomly selected 70 cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding admitted during October 2006 to September 2007, in the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, in a tertiary care hospital named SSG Hospital at Vadodara. Only cases of AUB due to non-structural causes were included. Demographic details of each patient were recorded and analysed. Patients were evaluated with menstrual history, physical examination, laboratory tests and histological examinations. Patients were followed up from 3 to 8 months.
Results: Most common age group presenting with DUB was 40–50 years and mostly belonged to low socioeconomic status. Most of the women were multiparous. Polymenorrhagia and menorrhagia was most common presentation. Size of uterus is normal in 44 patients. Dilatation and curratage was having the cure rate of 65.6% .Maximum number of patients (85%) was treated surgically and 15% got medical treatment.
Conclusions: Dysfuntional uterine bleeding (DUB) now termed as Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynaecological manifestation allied with considerable morbidity and significantly affects the patient's family, personal and social life. Perimenopausal women’s health and quality of life can be maintained and improved through preventive care, life style modification, early diagnosis of risk factor and appropriate treatment.

Keywords

Menorrhagia, Dysfunctional uterine bleeding,Abnormal uterine bleeding Perimenopausal women, Endometrium
AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS: 18 MONTHS FOLLOW UP - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Mona Dagar , Anamika Sharma 
Published: March 2020

The diagnosis "Aggressive Periodontitis", defined by the International Workshop for Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in 1999, refers to the multifactorial, severe, and rapidly progressive form of Periodontitis, which primarily – but not exclusively – affects younger patients. Aggressive periodontitis have localized and generalized forms. It is currently believed that combination of bacteriologic, immunologic and hereditary factors are of major importance in the etiology of this disease. The case was of a 20 year old female and her clinical and radiographic findings were typical for generalized Aggressive Periodontitis. Treatment consisted of thorough scaling and root planing along with administration of tetracycline250 mg every six hours for three weeks, followed by surgical intervention.
Keywords: Aggressive periodontitis, multifactorial disease, treatment
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF 1% CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE AFTER PHACOEMULSIFICATION AMONG NORTH INDIAN POPULATION : A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Sharma Hans Raj , Sharma Shivani 
Published: March 2020

Patients undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation present with dry eye symptoms postoperatively. The present study was done to evaluate the role of carboxymethylcellulose 1% added to conventional therapy to treat ocular discomfort and tear film instability in patients after cataract surgery.
METHODS:
A prospective, placebo controlled study of 150 patients with age-related cataract after undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were postoperatively randomized to treatment with conventional therapy plus CMC 1% (study group, n = 75) or to conventional therapy plus 0.9% NaCl
(control group, n = 75). Tear film breakup time (TBUT), schirmer test without anesthesia, lissamine green staining and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring were done preoperatively (baseline) and postoperatively at 7 and 30 days.

Results
A significant increase in TBUT in the study group as compared to the control group on both day 7 and day 30 was seen (p<0.0001). The OSDI score on day 30 decreased in study group but increased in control group. Schirmer test showed an increase in both the groups on day 7. Day 30 recorded a significant increase in the study group and a decrease in the control group (p<0.0001).
Conclusion
The present study thus concludes that dry eye can develop immediately after phacoemulsification with a peak on day 7. However, use of 1% carboxymethylcellulose stabilizes the tear film and thus prevents development of dry eye.
REHABILITATION CENTER FOR NUTRITION: A NOVEL APPROACH
Authors: Solanki Pinakini P. , Patel Priti P , Shah Vijay 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Malnutrition is a pathological state of deficiency or excess of nutrients. Under-nutrition indicates a state wherein the weight for age, height for age, and weight for height indices are below-2 Z-score of the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) norms. In children aged <5 years under nutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. There is significant increase in the risk of case fatality rate in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children suffering from diarrhoea, measles, and pneumonia. Revised estimates with the use of the new WHO Child Growth Standards in developing country situations has resulted in a 2–4 times increase in the number of infants and children falling below-three standard deviation (3SD) weight for height/length as compared to that of using the former NCHS reference.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted on sample size of 100 children and were then followed up for the period of 2 months to assess the nutritional status during the period of initial stay and the entire follow-up period using available records of anthropometric indicators of the admitted children recruited in the study at the Nutrition Rehabilitation Center (NRC). Weight at admission and discharge and daily weights were recorded from the NRC registers; average weight gain was calculated.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study of which 54 (54%) were girls and 46 (46%) were boys. The mean age duration for the entire group was 26.45 ± 12.23 months; for boys 25.87 ± 12.54 months and for girls 23.66 ± 12.88 months. 51% of the parents of the admitted children were illiterate, 48% had received education up to primary school, and 1% of the parents were graduates. 49% of the parents of the admitted children were daily wage labourers, while 36% of the mothers were housewives. The average weight gain for the study group during their stay at the centers was 9.34 ± 4.33 g/kg/day; for boys the average weight gain being 8.11 ± 5.27 g/kg/day and for girls 10.29 ± 5.99 g/kg/day. The mean MUAC at admission was 11.38 ± 0.96 cm and at discharge it was 11.99 ± 1.68 cm. The difference was observed to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Dropout rates of 10%, 32%, 48%, and 70% were obtained for the four follow-up visits conducted 15 days, 30days, 45 days , and 60 days from the day of discharge.
Conclusion: Children belonging to illiterate mothers have the highest rates of malnutrition. There was a significant difference between mean weight at discharge and the mean weight at admission for the entire study group which is really satisfying the need of NRC.