bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning into the real effect of smartphone use on parenting: a multiverse analysis
Authors: Modecki Kathryn L. , Low‐Choy Samantha , Uink Bep N. , Vernon Lynette , Correia Helen , Andrews Kylie 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundConcerns have been raised regarding the potential negative impacts of parents’ smartphone use on the parent–child relationship. A scoping literature review indicated inconsistent effects, arguably attributable to different conceptualizations of parent phone use and conflation of phone use with technological interference.MethodsBased on a sample of n = 3, 659 parents collected in partnership with a national public broadcaster, we conducted a multiverse analysis. We explored 84 different analytic choices to address whether associations were weak versus robust, and provide clearer direction for measurement, theory, and practice. Effects were assessed in relation to p values, effect sizes, and AIC; we further conducted a meta‐analytic sensitivity check.ResultsDirect associations between smartphone use and parenting were relatively weak and mixed. Instead, the relation between use and parenting depended on level of technological interference. This pattern was particularly robust for family displacement. At low levels of displacing time with family using technology, more smartphone use was associated with better (not worse) parenting.ConclusionsOur results indicate fragility in findings of risks for parental smartphone use on parenting; there were few concerns in this regard. Rather, at low levels of technological interference, more phone use was associated with higher parenting quality. Scholars should avoid generalized narratives of family risk and seek to uncover real effects of smartphone use on family outcomes across diverse households and contexts.
Ablative fractional CO2 laser vs lyophilized growth factor intralesional injection vs combination of both modalities for striae distensae treatment
Authors: Abdallah Mahmoud , Fahmy Hossam , Abdel Hameed Shawkat , Mostafa Azza E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferent studies had evaluated the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in treating striae distensae (SD). Lyophilized growth factors (LGF) represent another form of delivering growth factors similar to PRP with a more standardized method. To the best of our knowledge, no previous trials have been reported using LGF in SD.AimsWe aimed to compare the efficacy of ablative fractional CO2 laser vs intralesional injection of LGF vs combination of both modalities for SD treatment.MethodsThis study included 20 female patients with SD. All patients received three modalities of treatment in separate three areas: area A: received fractional CO2 laser, area B: received combination of fractional CO2 laser and intradermal injection of LGF, and area C: received intradermal injection of LGF. Each area received three sessions with 6‐week intervals. The outcome was evaluated clinically and histopathologically before treatment and six weeks after the last session.ResultsThere was a statistically significant clinical and histopathological improvement of SD both in areas A and B after treatment. Area C exhibited nonsignificant clinical and histopathological improvement. Area B showed the best improvement results as compared to areas A and C.ConclusionWe reported that fractional CO2 laser combined with LGF injection was more effective than fractional CO2 laser alone in SD treatment based on clinical and histopathological assessment. We do not advocate LGF as a monotherapy for SD treatment; instead, LGF can be used as a combined therapy with fractional CO2 laser to improve its outcome.
A systems biology approach to understand gut microbiota and host metabolism in morbid obesity: design of the BARIA Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Van Olden C. C. , Van de Laar A. W. , Meijnikman A. S. , Aydin O. , Van Olst N. , Hoozemans J. B. , De Brauw L. M. , Bruin S. C. , Acherman Y. I. Z. , Verheij J. , Pyykkö J. E. , Hagedoorn M. , Sanderman R. , Bosma N. C. , Tremaroli V. , Lundqvist A. , Olofsson L. E. , Herrema H. , Lappa D. , Hjorth S. , Nielsen J. , Schwartz T. , Groen A. K. , Nieuwdorp M. , Bäckhed F. , Gerdes V. E. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrevalence of obesity and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are increasing. Underlying mechanisms, especially in humans, are unclear. Bariatric surgery provides the unique opportunity to obtain biopsies and portal vein blood‐samples.MethodsThe BARIA Study aims to assess how microbiota and their metabolites affect transcription in key tissues and clinical outcome in obese subjects and how baseline anthropometric and metabolic characteristics determine weight loss and glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery. We phenotype patients undergoing bariatric surgery (predominantly laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass), before weight loss, with biometrics, dietary and psychological questionnaires, mixed meal test (MMT) and collect fecal‐samples and intra‐operative biopsies from liver, adipose tissues and jejunum. We aim to include 1500 patients. A subset (approximately 25%) will undergo intra‐operative portal vein blood‐sampling. Fecal‐samples are analyzed with shotgun metagenomics and targeted metabolomics, fasted and postprandial plasma‐samples are subjected to metabolomics, and RNA is extracted from the tissues for RNAseq‐analyses. Data will be integrated using state‐of‐the‐art neuronal networks and metabolic modeling. Patient follow‐up will be ten years.ResultsPreoperative MMT of 170 patients were analysed and clear differences were observed in glucose homeostasis between individuals. Repeated MMT in 10 patients showed satisfactory intra‐individual reproducibility, with differences in plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides within 20% of the mean difference.ConclusionThe BARIA study can add more understanding in how gut‐microbiota affect metabolism, especially with regard to obesity, glucose metabolism and NAFLD. Identification of key factors may provide diagnostic and therapeutic leads to control the obesity‐associated disease epidemic.
COVID‐19 is Associated with an Unusual Pattern of Brain Microbleeds in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Fitsiori Aikaterini , Pugin Deborah , Thieffry Camille , Lalive Patrice , Vargas Maria Isabel 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSECovid‐19, initially described as a respiratory system's infection, is currently more and more recognized as a multiorganic disease, including neurological manifestations. There is growing evidence about a potential neuroinvasive role of SARS‐CoV‐2. The purpose of this study is to describe new findings, in the form of cerebral microbleeds affecting different brain structures, observed in MRIs of critically ill patients.METHODSFor this purpose, the MR images of 9 patients with a common pattern of abnormal findings (2 women/7 men; 55‐79 years of age; mean age: 67.7 years) were depicted. All patients were tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 and presented with delayed recovery of consciousness or important agitation, requiring brain MRI.RESULTSAll patients had suffered from severe (5/9) or moderate (4/9) acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. Their common MRI finding was the presence of microbleeds in unusual distribution with a specific predilection for the corpus callosum. Other uncommon locations of microbleeds were the internal capsule (5/9), as well as middle cerebellar peduncles (5/9). Subcortical regions were also affected in the majority of patients.CONCLUSIONSBrain MRI raised evidence that Covid‐19 or its related treatment may involve the brain with an unusual pattern of microbleeds, predominantly affecting the corpus callosum. The mechanism of this finding is still unclear but the differential diagnosis should include thrombotic microangiopathy related to direct or indirect—through the cytokine cascade—damage by the SARS‐CoV‐2 on the endothelium of brain's vessels, as well as mechanisms similar to the hypoxemia brain‐blood‐barrier injury.
MRI Measurement of Upper Cervical Spinal Cord Cross‐Sectional Area in Children
Authors: Papinutto Nico , Cordano Christian , Asteggiano Carlo , Caverzasi Eduardo , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Lauricella Michael , Yabut Nicole , Neylan Matthew , Kirkish Gina , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa , Henry Roland G. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSENeurological and neurodegenerative diseases can affect the spinal cord (SC) of pediatric patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for in vivo quantification of SC atrophy via cross‐sectional area (CSA). The study of CSA values in the general population is important to disentangle disease‐related changes from intersubject variability. This study aimed at providing normative values for cervical CSA in children, extending our previous work performed with adults.METHODSSeventy‐eight children (age 7‐17 years) were selected from a Developmental Dyslexia study. All subjects underwent a 3T brain MRI session and any incidental findings were reported on the scans. A sagittal 1 mm33‐dimensional T1‐weighted brain acquisition extended to the upper cervical cord was used to measure CSA at C2‐C3, as well as spinal canal area and skull volume (V‐scale). These three metrics were linearly fitted as a function of age to extract trends and percentage annual changes. Sex differences of CSA were assessed using least squares regression analyses, adjusting for age. We tested normalization strategies proven to be effective in reducing the intersubject variability of adults’ CSA.RESULTSCSA changed as a function of age at a faster rate when compared with skull volume (CSA: 1.82% increase, V‐scale: .60% reduction). Sex had a statistically significant effect on CSA. Normalization methods based on canal area and skull volume reduced the CSA intersubject variability up to 16.84%.CONCLUSIONSWe present CSA normative values in a large cohort of children, reporting on sources of intersubject variability and how to reduce them applying normalization methods previously developed.
Oral administration of royal jelly may improve the preservation of rooster spermatozoa
Authors: Rahnama Golsomeh , Deldar Hamid , Ansari Pirsaraei Zarbakht , Kazemifard Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of royal jelly (RJ) on liquid and frozen storage of rooster spermatozoa. Twenty‐five 30‐week‐old of Mazandaran native breeder roosters were randomly divided into five treatments (n = 5 roosters/group). Experimental treatments are designed to include a control group and various levels (0.0 (RJ0), 100 (RJ100), 200 (RJ200), 300 (RJ300) mg kg−1 BW−1) of royal jelly (RJ) that were fed to the roosters using force‐feed method. The percentage of forward progressive motility, abnormal spermatozoa, membrane integrity and viability of spermatozoa evaluated after 24 and 48 hr of cooling (at 4°C) and after the freeze–thawing process. Also, mitochondrial activity and DNA fragmentation in fresh (24 hr) and post‐thawed spermatozoa were assessed. The result of this study showed that the spermatozoa forward progressive motility, abnormality, membrane integrity, and viability were improved by the RJ100 group compared to the other groups after 24 and 48 hr storage period at 4°C. The percentage of membrane integrity and forward progressive motility after freeze–thawing in the RJ100 group was significantly higher than the other groups, and the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was lower. A significant decrease in semen quality parameters was seen after 24 and 48 hr of refrigeration, but there was no observed change between 2 and 24 hr in the RJ100. The viability percentage of spermatozoa in both RJ100 and RJ200 groups was not different. Moreover, after freeze–thawing, DNA integrity and mitochondrial activity in the RJ100 group were significantly higher than the other groups. According to our results, feeding of RJ at 100 mg kg−1 BW−1 to the roosters was improved spermatozoa characteristics during liquid and cryopreservation conditions.
Intersexual mimicry and imperfect deceit of a threatened aquatic herb Ottelia acuminata
Authors: Yang Jing , Niu Yang , Sun Wei‐Bang , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Chen Gao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMimicry of non‐rewarding flowers to rewarding flowers has been accepted as a strategy to improve pollination success in angiosperms. It has been proposed that this mechanism depends on whether potential pollinators can discriminate between the flowers. In this study, the intersexual mimicry and deceit pollination were studied in a threatened dioecious aquatic herb, Ottelia acuminata. Its female flowers resemble male flowers in morphology and odor compounds, to avoid discrimination by pollinators and outcompete male flowers in attracting the pollinators using stronger scents and bigger flowers. However, an obvious visit bias of its pollinator (Apis cerana) to male flowers was detected, suggesting that bees can distinguish the rewarding males from non‐rewarding females. Although the deceit was not successful, pollination was not seriously undermined because pollen limitation was found to be low in the sampled natural population. We speculate that, due to “accidental” visits on female flowers and “mistake” pollinations, pollen limitation could be mitigated by a high frequency of pollen donors, and is correlated with the size and sex ratio of a population. Ottelia acuminata is a threatened dioecious aquatic herb. We suggest that developing multi‐stakeholder coalitions should be encouraged to save the threatened edible and ornamental plant species in China. We hope this study could provide new insights into understanding of the role of intersexual mimicry in other flowering plants.
Multiple Pleistocene refugia and recent diversification for Streptocarpus ionanthus (Gesneriaceae) complex: Insights from multiple molecular sources
Authors: Kyalo Cornelius M. , Chen Ling‐Yun , Lema Mathias , Malombe Itambo , Hu Guang‐Wan , Wang Qing‐Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStreptocarpus ionanthus (Gesneriaceae) is endemic to Tanzania and Kenya, distributed in Tanga, Morogoro, and Kilifi regions. The species houses nine subspecies characterized by complex morphotypes and poorly understood evolutionary relationships, and thus is an ideal model for investigating evolutionary dynamics over time. Using multiple methods, we sought to test our hypothesis that the infraspecific taxa in Str. ionanthus are slightly variable and evolving populations. We first examined the genetic diversity, population differentiation, and phylogeographic structure among the populations of Str. ionanthus using both chloroplast and nuclear markers. We then estimated the divergence time of Str. ionanthus lineages and modeled past and future distribution. Despite Str. ionanthus exhibiting bottleneck events across its range, the populations maintain relatively high genetic diversity attributed to historical population admixture or local adaptation arising from habitat heterogeneity. The phylogeographic and genetic structure revealed a high connection among the Usambara mountains populations, while molecular dating suggested most diversification of haplotypes began ~1.32–0.18 million years ago and intensified toward the present, a conclusion of recent diversification. Phylogenetic relationship of Str. ionanthus cpDNA haplotypes revealed five main lineages with unique haplotypes that could be suggestive of past isolated refugia during the Pleistocene climate shifts. According to niche modeling, the stability of suitable areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) offered protective micro‐habitats that have preserved the genetic diversity of Str. ionanthus to date. In conclusion, our findings suggest a complex Str. ionanthus with slightly variable lineages or populations attributed to multiple refugia and on the verge of divergence.
Actigraphy in sleep research with infants and young children: Current practices and future benefits of standardized reporting
Authors: Schoch Sarah F. , Kurth Salome , Werner Helene 
Published: July 2020

AbstractActigraphy is a cost‐efficient method to estimate sleep–wake patterns over long periods in natural settings. However, the lack of methodological standards in actigraphy research complicates the generalization of outcomes. A rapidly growing methodological diversity is visible in the field, which increasingly necessitates the detailed reporting of methodology. We address this problem and evaluate the current state of the art and recent methodological developments in actigraphy reporting with a special focus on infants and young children. Through a systematic literature search on PubMed (keywords: sleep, actigraphy, child *, preschool, children, infant), we identified 126 recent articles (published since 2012), which were classified and evaluated for reporting of actigraphy. Results show that all studies report on the number of days/nights the actigraph was worn. Reporting was good with respect to device model, placement and sleep diary, whereas reporting was worse for epoch length, algorithm, artefact identification, data loss and definition of variables. In the studies with infants only (n = 58), the majority of articles (62.1%) reported a recording of actigraphy that was continuous across 24 hr. Of these, 23 articles (63.9%) analysed the continuous 24‐hr data and merely a fifth used actigraphy to quantify daytime sleep. In comparison with an evaluation in 2012, we observed small improvements in reporting of actigraphy methodology. We propose stricter adherence to standards in reporting methodology in order to streamline actigraphy research with infants and young children, to improve comparability and to facilitate big data ventures in the sleep community.
Outsourcing: A Case of Shared Mental Models in Conflict
Authors: Hira Ron 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYFor more than two decades, outsourcing – the business practice of transferring jobs, knowledge, and technologies from high‐ to low‐cost countries – has been a leading public policy issue in the U.S. and other economies. Policymakers respond to public concerns over outsourcing in two ways. One, they craft an electoral message to attract voters, and two, they choose policy responses. Two competing ideologies have emerged, one shared by elites and the other the public, to describe outsourcing and formulate policy solutions. This paper applies the Shared Mental Models (SMM) framework developed by Denzau and North to the two ideologies and it describes how each ideology shapes the politics and policies of outsourcing. Outsourcing is the kind of difficult collective choice – highly complex with strong uncertainty, limited information feedback, and mixed motivations ‐ well suited for the SMM framework. The framework provides a novel view into the political and policy dynamics of outsourcing.
Body size preferences and food choice among mothers and children in Malawi
Authors: Flax Valerie L. , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Phuka John C. , Jaacks Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOverweight in mothers and children in sub‐Saharan Africa is rapidly increasing and may be related to body size perceptions and preferences. We enrolled 268 mother–child (6–59 months) pairs in central Malawi; 71% of mothers and 56% of children were overweight/obese, and the remainder were normal weight. Interviewers used seven body silhouette drawings and a questionnaire with open‐ and closed‐ended questions to measure mothers' perceptions of current, preferred and healthy maternal and child body sizes and their relation to food choices. Overweight/obese and normal weight mothers' correct identification of their current weight status (72% vs. 64%), preference for overweight/obese body size (68% both) and selection of an overweight/obese silhouette as healthy (94% vs. 96%) did not differ by weight status. Fewer overweight/obese than normal weight mothers' preferred body silhouette was larger than their current silhouette (74% vs. 29%, p < .001). More mothers of overweight than normal weight children correctly identified the child's current weight status (55% vs. 42%, p < .05) and preferred an overweight/obese body size for the child (70% vs. 58%, p < .01), and both groups selected overweight/obese silhouettes as healthy for children. More than half of mothers in both groups wanted their child to be larger than the current size. Mothers said that increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables, meat, milk, grains, fizzy drinks and fatty foods could facilitate weight gain, but many cannot afford to purchase some of these foods. Their desired strategies for increasing weight indicate that body size preferences may drive food choice but could be limited by affordability.
The relationship between eDNA particle concentration and organism abundance in nature is strengthened by allometric scaling
Authors: Yates M. C. , Glaser D. M. , Post J. R. , Cristescu M. E. , Fraser D. J. , Derry A. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganism abundance is a critical parameter in ecology, but its estimation is often challenging. Approaches utilizing eDNA to indirectly estimate abundance have recently generated substantial interest. However, preliminary correlations observed between eDNA concentration and abundance in nature are typically moderate in strength with significant unexplained variation. Here, we apply a novel approach to integrate allometric scaling coefficients into models of eDNA concentration and organism abundance. We hypothesize that eDNA particle production scales nonlinearly with mass, with scaling coefficients < 1. Wild populations often exhibit substantial variation in individual body size distributions; we therefore predict that the distribution of mass across individuals within a population will influence population‐level eDNA production rates. To test our hypothesis, we collected standardized body size distribution and mark–recapture abundance data using whole‐lake experiments involving nine populations of brook trout. We correlated eDNA concentration with three metrics of abundance: density (individuals/ha), biomass (kg/ha) and allometrically scaled mass (ASM) (∑(individual mass0.73)/ha). Density and biomass were both significantly positively correlated with eDNA concentration (adj. r2 = 0.59 and 0.63, respectively), but ASM exhibited improved model fit (adj. r2 = 0.78). We also demonstrate how estimates of ASM derived from eDNA samples in "unknown" systems can be converted to biomass or density estimates with additional size‐structure data. Future experiments should empirically validate allometric scaling coefficients for eDNA production, particularly where substantial intraspecific size distribution variation exists. Incorporating allometric scaling may improve predictive models to the extent that eDNA concentration may become a reliable indicator of abundance in nature.
Pathophysiology, classification, and MRI parallels in microvascular disease of the heart and brain
Authors: Thomas Michael A. , Hazany Saman , Ellingson Benjamin M. , Hu Peng , Nguyen Kim‐Lien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiagnostic imaging technology in vascular disease has long focused on large vessels and the pathologic processes that impact them. With improved diagnostic techniques, investigators are now able to uncover many underlying mechanisms and prognostic factors for microvascular disease. In the heart and brain, these pathologic entities include coronary microvascular disease and cerebral small vessel disease, both of which have significant impact on patients, causing angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and dementia. In the current paper, we will discuss parallels in pathophysiology, classification, and diagnostic modalities, with a focus on the role of magnetic resonance imaging in microvascular disease of the heart and brain. Novel approaches for streamlined imaging of the cardiac and central nervous systems including the use of intravascular contrast agents such as ferumoxytol are presented, and unmet research gaps in diagnostics are summarized.