bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of tobacco-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on developmental trajectories of comorbidities in the Taiwan population
Authors: Ho Te-Wei , Tsai Yi-Ju , Huang Chun-Ta , Lien Angela Shin-Yu , Lai Feipei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComorbidities adversely affect the quality of life and survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and timely identification and management of comorbidities are important in caring for COPD patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COPD on long-term developmental trajectories of its comorbidities. From 2010 to 2013, all spirometry-confirmed COPD patients with a 5-year follow-up period were identified as the cases. The prevalence of comorbidities and their trajectories in COPD cases were obtained and compared with those in non-COPD controls matched for age, sex, smoking status and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Over the study period, a total of 682 patients, 341 each in COPD and control groups were included, with a mean age of 69.1 years and 89% male. The baseline mean CCI was 1.9 for both groups of patients and significantly increased to 3.4 and 2.7 in COPD and control groups after 5 years, respectively (both P < 0.001). Through the 5-year follow-up, a significant increase in the prevalence of all comorbidities of interest was observed in the COPD cohort and the incidence was remarkably higher for hypertension [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.495; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.017–2.198], malignancy (IRR 2.397; 95% CI 1.408–4.081), diabetes mellitus (IRR 2.927; 95% CI 1.612–5.318), heart failure (IRR 2.531; 95% CI 1.502–4.265) and peptic ulcer disease (IRR 2.073; 95% CI 1.176–3.654) as compared to the non-COPD matched controls. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the presence of COPD may be considered a pathogenic factor involved in the development of certain comorbidities.
A C21-steroidal derivative suppresses T-cell lymphoma in mice by inhibiting SIRT3 via SAP18-SIN3
Authors: Gajendran Babu , Varier Krishnapriya M. , Liu Wuling , Wang Chunlin , Sample Klarke M. , Zacksenhaus Eldad , Juiwei Cui , Huang LieJun , Hao XiaoJiang , Ben-David Yaacov 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe SIN3 repressor complex and the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT3 control cell growth, and development as well as malignant transformation. Even then, a little known about cross-talks between these two chromatin modifiers or whether their interaction explored therapeutically. Here we describe the identification of a C21-steroidal derivative compound, 3-O-chloroacetyl-gagamine, A671, which potently suppresses the growth of mouse and human T-cell lymphoma and erythroleukemia in vitro and preclinical models. A671 exerts its anti-neoplastic effects by direct interaction with Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP18, a component of the SIN3 suppressor complex. This interaction stabilizes and activates SAP18, leading to transcriptional suppression of SIRT3, consequently to inhibition of proliferation and cell death. The resistance of cancer cells to A671 correlated with diminished SAP18 activation and sustained SIRT3 expression. These results uncover the SAP18-SIN3-SIRT3 axis that can be pharmacologically targeted by a C21-steroidal agent to suppress T-cell lymphoma and other malignancies.
First principles calculation of topological invariants of non-Hermitian photonic crystals
Authors: Prudêncio Filipa R. , Silveirinha Mário G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTopological photonic systems have recently emerged as an exciting new paradigm to guide light without back-reflections. The Chern topological numbers of a photonic platform are usually written in terms of the Berry curvature, which depends on the normal modes of the system. Here, we use a gauge invariant Green’s function method to determine from first principles the topological invariants of photonic crystals. The proposed formalism does not require the calculation of the photonic band-structure, and can be easily implemented using the operators obtained with a standard plane-wave expansion. Furthermore, it is shown that the theory can be readily applied to the classification of topological phases of non-Hermitian photonic crystals with lossy or gainy materials, e.g., parity-time symmetric photonic crystals.
Large mobility modulation in ultrathin amorphous titanium oxide transistors
Authors: Tiwale Nikhil , Subramanian Ashwanth , Dai Zhongwei , Sikder Sayantani , Sadowski Jerzy T. , Nam Chang-Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, ultrathin metal-oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have shown very high on-off ratio and ultra-sharp subthreshold swing, making them promising candidates for applications beyond conventional large-area electronics. While the on-off operation in typical TFTs results primarily from the modulation of charge carrier density by gate voltage, the high on-off ratio in ultrathin oxide TFTs can be associated with a large carrier mobility modulation, whose origin remains unknown. We investigate 3.5 nm-thick TiOx-based ultrathin TFTs exhibiting on-off ratio of ~106, predominantly driven by ~6-decade gate-induced mobility modulation. The power law behavior of the mobility features two regimes, with a very high exponent at low gate voltages, unprecedented for oxide TFTs. We find that this phenomenon is well explained by the presence of high-density tail states near the conduction band edge, which supports carrier transport via variable range hopping. The observed two-exponent regimes reflect the bi-exponential distribution of the density of band-tail states. This improved understanding would be significant in fabricating high-performance ultrathin oxide devices.
Ocean warming and acidification uncouple calcification from calcifier biomass which accelerates coral reef decline
Authors: Dove Sophie Gwendoline , Brown Kristen Taylor , Van Den Heuvel Annamieke , Chai Aaron , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobal climate change will drive declines in coral reefs over coming decades. Yet, the relative role of temperature versus acidification, and the ability of resultant ecosystems to retain core services such as coastal protection, are less clear. Here, we investigate changes to the net chemical balances of calcium carbonate within complex experimental coral reefs over 18 months under conditions projected for 2100 if CO2 emissions continue unmitigated. We reveal a decoupling of calcifier biomass and calcification under the synergistic impact of warming and acidification, that combined with increased night-time dissolution, leads to an accelerated loss of carbonate frameworks. Climate change induced degradation will limit the ability of coral reefs to keep-up with sea level rise, possibly for thousands of years. We conclude that instead of simply transitioning to alternate states that are capable of buffering coastlines, reefs are at risk of drowning leading to critical losses in ecosystem functions.
Designing Courses in Communication Sciences and Disorders Using Backward Design
Authors: Slavych Bonnie K. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo ensure that students are learning the most important information and developing the most important skills and to make certain that any externally mandated standards are met, professors need to intentionally plan their courses. This tutorial will provide a description and comparison of three classes of course design (forward, central, and backward) and two well-regarded frameworks for facilitating efficient and effective backward design (Integrated Design and Understanding by Design). Explanations of key terminology and examples from the redesign of a graduate voice disorders course will be provided.ConclusionsFollowing the Understanding by Design framework for backward course design not only resulted in a well-organized course that facilitated achievement of a learner-centered, knowledge and skill–centered, and assessment-centered environment but also greatly increased the confidence of the instructor and the participation of the students. Intentional course planning can facilitate more efficient and effective learning sessions, resulting in both instructor and student satisfaction. The information provided in this tutorial can be adapted for any communication sciences and disorders course and with any level of faculty experience.
The Effect of Dental and Occlusal Anomalies on Articulation in Individuals With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate
Authors: Mason Kazlin N. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Dental and occlusal anomalies are common in individuals with cleft lip and palate, placing them at risk for speech sound distortions. Speech-language pathologists and dental practitioners frequently interact when presented with clinical problems secondary to dental and occlusal anomalies. This is especially true when treating a child with a cleft lip and palate. The speech sound error types must be identified and their etiologies evaluated to develop appropriate management plans. The purpose of this review article is to describe the types of dental and occlusal anomalies that are common in individuals with cleft lip and/or palate and discuss the impact these anomalies have on articulation.

Method
A review of the literature was completed with a focus on prevalence, definitions, and descriptions of dental and occlusal anomalies in individuals with cleft lip and palate. The impact of dental/occlusal anomalies on speech production is described.

Results and Conclusions
There is sufficient evidence that dental and occlusal anomalies have an impact on articulation, but the relationship of dental or occlusal status is not always a direct one. The phonemes most affected by aberrant oral conditions are sibilants, though other phonemes may be impacted as well. These speech errors are considered to be obligatory oral distortions in that they are made in response to an oral structural defect. These speech errors are not typically amenable to speech therapy, but rather require orthodontic and/or surgical correction. Such treatment can be effective in improving these errors, often spontaneously, however, speech therapy may be necessary (and most effective) following correction of the dental and/or occlusal anomalies if errors persist.
Using Solution-Focused Principles With Older Children Who Stutter and Their Parents to Elicit Perspectives of Therapeutic Change
Authors: Rodgers Naomi H. , Berquez Ali , Hollister Julia , Zebrowski Patricia M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
We previously presented findings from pretherapy solution-focused interviews regarding the therapeutic best hopes of older children who stutter (CWS) and their parents. The current follow-up study explored the same clients' solution-focused reflections 1 year later with respect to their perspectives of what changes had occurred over the course of therapy.

Method
Seven CWS (11–14 years old) and 12 of their parents, who were interviewed in the original Berquez et al. (2015) study, were interviewed again 1 year after they started therapy. These clients responded to open-ended, solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)–style questions and rating scales. Their responses were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to identify what clients noticed had changed over the course of therapy.

Result
CWS and their parents reported changes spanning social communication abilities, cognitive-emotional skills, and speech management strategies. While these were consistent with their pretherapy best hopes, CWS and their parents identified additional, unexpected gains beyond the scope of what they originally hoped for at the beginning of therapy, including improvements in adaptive coping, academic experience, parent–child interactions, thoughts and feelings about stuttering, and personal growth.

Conclusion
SFBT can provide speech-language pathologists a framework for facilitating client reflections on positive signs of change that occur over the therapeutic process.
Constraining the age of young stellar clusters via the amplitude of photometric variability
Authors: Messina S. 
Published: December 2020

Context. The determination of stellar age is a crucial task in astrophysics research. At present, the various methods employed in such studies are either model-dependent or based on calibrated empirical relations. The most reliable results are generally obtained when different methods are applied in a complementary manner.
Aims. We propose a new method for the age determination of young stellar associations and open clusters (ages ≲ 125 Myr), which may allow for the placement of further constraints on the age when used in tandem with other methods.
Methods. We explore the amplitude of the photometric variability in bins of color and rotation period of five young associations and clusters spanning an interval of ages from ∼1−3 Myr to ∼ 625 Myr (Taurus, ρ Ophiuchi, Upper Scorpius, Pleiades, and Praesepe), which all have high-quality time-series photometry from Kepler K2 campaigns.
Results. In the low-mass regime, we find that stars with similar color and rotation periods but different ages exhibit a range of amplitudes for their photometric variability, with younger stars showing a larger photometric variability than older stars.
Conclusions. The decline of photometric variability amplitude versus age in stars with similar color and rotation period may, in principle, be calibrated and adopted as an additional empirical relation for constraining the age of young associations and open clusters, provided that time-series photometry is available for their low-mass members.
GaiaEarly Data Release 3
Authors: Riello M. , De Angeli F. , Evans D. W. , Montegriffo P. , Carrasco J. M. , Busso G. , Palaversa L. , Burgess P. W. , Diener C. , Davidson M. , Rowell N. , Fabricius C. , Jordi C. , Bellazzini M. , Pancino E. , Harrison D. L. , Cacciari C. , van Leeuwen F. , Hambly N. C. , Hodgkin S. T. , Osborne P. J. , Altavilla G. , Barstow M. A. , Brown A. G. A. , Castellani M. , Cowell S. , De Luise F. , Gilmore G. , Giuffrida G. , Hidalgo S. , Holland G. , Marinoni S. , Pagani C. , Piersimoni A. M. , Pulone L. , Ragaini S. , Rainer M. , Richards P. J. , Sanna N. , Walton N. A. , Weiler M. , Yoldas A. 
Published: December 2020

Context. GaiaEarly Data Release 3 (GaiaEDR3) contains astrometry and photometry results for about 1.8 billion sources based on observations collected by the European Space AgencyGaiasatellite during the first 34 months of its operational phase.Aims.In this paper, we focus on the photometric content, describing the input data, the algorithms, the processing, and the validation of the results. Particular attention is given to the quality of the data and to a number of features that users may need to take into account to make the best use of theGaiaEDR3 catalogue.Methods.The processing broadly followed the same procedure as forGaiaDR2, but with significant improvements in several aspects of the blue and red photometer (BP and RP) preprocessing and in the photometric calibration process. In particular, the treatment of the BP and RP background has been updated to include a better estimation of the local background, and the detection of crowding effects has been used to exclude affected data from the calibrations. The photometric calibration models have also been updated to account for flux loss over the whole magnitude range. Significant improvements in the modelling and calibration of theGaiapoint and line spread functions have also helped to reduce a number of instrumental effects that were still present in DR2.Results. GaiaEDR3 contains 1.806 billion sources withG-band photometry and 1.540 billion sources withGBPandGRPphotometry. The median uncertainty in theG-band photometry, as measured from the standard deviation of the internally calibrated mean photometry for a given source, is 0.2 mmag at magnitudeG= 10–14, 0.8 mmag atG≈ 17, and 2.6 mmag atG≈ 19. The significant magnitude term found in theGaiaDR2 photometry is no longer visible, and overall there are no trends larger than 1 mmag mag−1. Using one passband over the whole colour and magnitude range leaves no systematics above the 1% level in magnitude in any of the bands, and a larger systematic is present for a very small sample of bright and blue sources. A detailed description of the residual systematic effects is provided. Overall the quality of the calibrated mean photometry inGaiaEDR3 is superior with respect to DR2 for all bands.
GaiaEarly Data Release 3
Authors: Torra F. , Castañeda J. , Fabricius C. , Lindegren L. , Clotet M. , González-Vidal J. J. , Bartolomé S. , Bastian U. , Bernet M. , Biermann M. , Garralda N. , Gúrpide A. , Lammers U. , Portell J. , Torra J. 
Published: December 2020

Context.TheGaiaEarly Data Release 3 (GaiaEDR3) contains results derived from 78 billion individual field-of-view transits of 2.5 billion sources collected by the European Space Agency’sGaiamission during its first 34 months of continuous scanning of the sky.Aims.We describe the input data, which have the form of onboard detections, and the modeling and processing that is involved in cross-matching these detections to sources. For the cross-match, we formed clusters of detections that were all linked to the same physical light source on the sky.Methods.As a first step, onboard detections that were deemed spurious were discarded. The remaining detections were then preliminarily associated with one or more sources in the existing source list in an observation-to-source match. All candidate matches that directly or indirectly were associated with the same source form a match candidate group. The detections from the same group were then subject to a cluster analysis. Each cluster was assigned a source identifier that normally was the same as the identifiers fromGaiaDR2. Because the number of individual detections is very high, we also describe the efficient organising of the processing.Results.We present results and statistics for the final cross-match with particular emphasis on the more complicated cases that are relevant for the users of theGaiacatalogue. We describe the improvements over the earlierGaiadata releases, in particular for stars of high proper motion, for the brightest sources, for variable sources, and for close source pairs.
Kropfbildende Naturstoffe
Authors: Bielenberg Jens 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungStudien zeigen, dass die Jodversorgung in Deutschland, trotz der Anreicherung von Salz und dessen Anwendung in der Lebensmittelindustrie, unterhalb der Bedarfswerte liegt. Goitrogene Substanzen in Lebensmitteln können zusätzlich die Schilddrüse an der Jodaufnahme hindern und eine Kropfbildung begünstigen. Insbesondere Kohlsorten, eine soja- oder hirsereiche Ernährung, verschiedene Nusssorten wie Wal- oder Erdnüsse, aber auch eine zu hohe Jodaufnahme können die Schilddrüsenfunktion beeinträchtigen und strumigen wirken.
Ionisierende Strahlung: Gesundheitsrisiken im Katastrophenfall
Authors: Weiss Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie nukleare Katastrophe in Fukushima hat mehr Todesfälle durch Evakuierungsmaßnahmen gefordert als durch die ionisierende Strahlung selbst. Die Erkenntnisse haben u. a. dazu geführt, folgendes Gebot in das Strahlenschutzkonzept aufzunehmen: Bei der Rechtfertigung einschneidender Schutzmaßnahmen sind sowohl die strahlenbedingten gesundheitlichen Risiken als auch die mit der Maßnahme verbundenen gesundheitlichen und gesellschaftlichen Risiken zu berücksichtigen.Die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Schutzkonzepten in Ausnahmesituationen ist nur dann möglich, wenn sie fachlich und organisatorisch gut vorbereitet, regelmäßig in realistischen Übungen erprobt und auf Basis aktueller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse fortentwickelt werden. Die Wissensbasis in der Bevölkerung und bei zentralen Berufsgruppen in der Medizin ist dazu erforderlich und sollte z. B. in Ausbildungskurrikula aufgenommen werden.
Steroidhormone und Schilddrüse
Authors: Krug Marianne 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Allgemeinpraxis müssen Sexualhormone und Schilddrüsenfunktion häufig im Zusammenhang betrachtet werden. Symptomüberlappungen können eine differenzierte Anamnese erfordern, beide Hormonachsen betroffen sein, beide Hormonsysteme einander beeinflussen bzw. die Substitution der einen Achse die andere.Die enge Verzahnung dieser beiden Hormonsysteme zeigt sich z. B. daran, dass der Häufigkeitsgipfel von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen in die Lebensphase hormoneller Umbrüche wie Pubertät, Schwangerschaft, Postpartalzeit oder Wechseljahre fällt. Schilddrüsendysfunktionen können Symptome aus dem Bereich der Sexualfunktion entfalten wie Zyklusstörungen, In- und Subfertilität, Komplikationen im Schwangerschaftsverlauf, Prämenstruelles Syndrom, Ovarialzysten, Libidoverlust oder Erektionsstörungen.Dieser Artikel stellt die wichtigsten wechselseitigen Einflüsse der gonadalen und der Schilddrüsenachse dar.
Physical Activity to Stay Fit
Authors: Shadap Arkierupaia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhysical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure. According to World Health Organization, regular physical activities such as walking, cycling, doing the household work, etc., make an individual feel good and it has significant benefits for health. One of the vital elements for healthy bones at every age is exercise. Exercise lowers the blood pressure, slightly decreases the levels of total- and low-density lipoprotein—the bad cholesterol, and increases the levels of high-density lipoprotein—the good cholesterol. Regular physical activity and exercise help in maintaining the healthy body weight, decreasing stress, apprehension, and preventing depression. Exercising can also possibly help in delaying the effects of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Strong evidence shows that physical activity has a wide range of beneficial effects for both physical and mental well-being.
Pediatric Pneumococcal Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Treated with Sequence Tandem Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration: A Case Report
Authors: Markic Josko , Polic Branka , Kovacevic Tanja , Rogulj Marijana , Ardalic Tatjana Catipovic 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Approximately 5% of HUS cases are associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infections (pHUS). Treatment includes supportive care with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, fluid and blood product resuscitation, and renal replacement therapy. We presented a case of a 22-month-old previously healthy girl, who was hospitalized at University Hospital of Split. Left-sided pneumonia and sepsis caused by S. pneumoniae were confirmed. The course of illness was complicated with development of pHUS. Since the pathogenesis of pHUS is only partially understood, the treatment remains controversial. Our patient was successfully treated with daily sequence tandem continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration and therapeutic plasma exchange with albumins, along with other supportive measures. Therefore, in our opinion, plasmapheresis should be considered as a part of standard treatment of children with pHUS. Additionally, the incidence of pHUS appears to be increasing. S. pneumoniae is a particularly important among pediatric pathogens and it can cause wide spectrum of illnesses. Therefore, due to the significant burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumococcal vaccination should be encouraged.