bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between steatohepatitis biomarkers and hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis C elimination
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi , Takayama Koji , Hiramine Satoshi , Hayashi Takeo , Toyoda Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundA strong association between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and hepatic steatosis has been reported. However, the influence of steatohepatitis on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination remains unclear.AimTo evaluate the development of HCC after HCV cure using a new steatohepatitis‐related biomarker.MethodsThis cohort study analysed the prospective database of 290 CHC patients without a history of HCC who achieved HCV elimination by direct‐acting antivirals. We calculated the FibroScan‐aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score 12 weeks after the end of treatment (pw12). The risk of HCC was analysed using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsHCV genotype (GT)1 was most prevalent at 72.4%, followed by GT2 (26.6%). Median follow‐up period was 4.2 years (IQR 3.1‐4.5). The cumulative HCC incidence for a FAST score ≥ 0.35 was significantly higher than that for a FAST score < 0.35 (log‐rank test: P < 0.001). The annual HCC incidence rate for a FAST score ≥ 0.35 was significantly higher than that for a FAST score < 0.35, in patients with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥10 kPa (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 4.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30‐15.0, P = 0.018). After adjusting for variables, including age, albumin, alpha‐fetoprotein, the patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing the 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 genotype, and pw12 fibrosis markers with FIB‐4, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, and LSM, FAST score ≥ 0.35 was associated with the development of HCC (adjusted HR 4.42, 95% CI 1.02‐19.9, P = 0.043).ConclusionsSteatohepatitis‐related biomarkers with the FAST score are helpful for predicting the development of HCC after HCV elimination.
Effects of crude protein and lactose levels in diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and expression of genes related to intestinal integrity and immune system in weaned piglets
Authors: Soares Marcos H. , Rodrigues Gustavo A. , Barbosa Lívia M. R. , Valente Júnior Dante T. , Santos Felipe C. , Rocha Gabriel C. , Campos Paulo H. R. F. , Saraiva Alysson 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of crude protein (CP) and lactose (LAC) for weaned piglets on performance, intestinal morphology, and expression of genes related to intestinal integrity and immune system, 144 piglets with initial weight 7.17 ± 0.97 kg were allotted in a randomized design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (20.0% and 24.0% CP and 8.0%, 12.0%, and 16.0% LAC) with eight replicates. Piglets fed 20.0% CP had greater weight gain and feed intake. Including 12.0% LAC in the 20.0% CP diet provided higher villous height in the duodenum than 8.0% LAC, and 12.0% or 16.0% LAC in the 24.0% CP diet resulted in higher villous height in the jejunum and ileum, and higher villi/crypt ratio in the ileum than 8.0% LAC. No effects of CP and LAC on interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α mRNA were observed. The 16.0% LAC diet provided higher gene expression of transforming‐β1 growth factor. Feeding 20.0% CP resulted in better performance than 24.0% CP. The 12.0% LAC diet promoted greater genetic expression of occludin and zonula occludens. Including 12.0% LAC in the diet may improve intestinal epithelial morphology and integrity, and these improvements are more evident when piglets are fed diets with 24.0% CP.
Assessment of drug–drug interaction in an elderly human immunodeficiency virus population: Comparison of 3 expert databases
Authors: Ruellan Anne‐Lise , Bourneau‐Martin Delphine , Joyau Caroline , Secher Solène , Fialaire Pascale , Hitoto Hikombo , Leautez Sophie , Michau Christophe , Vatan Rémi , Billaud Eric , Briet Marie , Jolliet Pascale , Raffi François , Allavena Clotilde 
Published: July 2020

AimsPolypharmacy increase the risk of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in the elderly population living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Several expert databases can be used to evaluate DDIs. The aim of the study was to describe actual DDIs between antiretroviral drugs and comedications in an elderly population and to compare grading of the DDIs in 3 databases.MethodsAll treatments of HIV‐infected subjects aged 65 years and older were collected in 6 French HIV centres. Summary of Product Characteristic (SPC), French DDI Thesaurus (THES), and Liverpool HIV DDI website (LIV) were used to define each DDI and specific grade. DDIs were classified in yellow flag interaction (undefined grade in SPC and THES or potential weak interaction in LIV), amber flag interaction (to be considered/precaution of use in SPC and THES and potential interaction in LIV) and red flag interaction (not recommended/contraindication in SPC and THES and do not administer/contraindication in LIV).ResultsAmong 239 subjects included, 60 (25.1%) had at least 1 DDI for a total of 126 DDIs: 23/126 red flag DDIs were identified in 17 patients. All these 23 DDIs were identified in LIV. THES and SPC missed 6 and 1 red flag DDIs, respectively. Seven of 23 red flag DDIs were identified in the 3 databases concomitantly.ConclusionPolypharmacy is frequent in this elderly HIV population leading to DDI in a quarter of the subjects. The discrepancies between databases can be explained by differences in analysis methods. A consensus between databases would be helpful for clinicians.
Autonomy and the limits of cognitive enhancement
Authors: Lewis Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the debates regarding the ethics of human enhancement, proponents have found it difficult to refute the concern, voiced by certain bioconservatives, that cognitive enhancement violates the autonomy of the enhanced. However, G. Owen Schaefer, Guy Kahane and Julian Savulescu have attempted not only to avoid autonomy‐based bioconservative objections, but to argue that cognition‐enhancing biomedical interventions can actually enhance autonomy. In response, this paper has two aims: firstly, to explore the limits of their argument; secondly, and more importantly, to develop a more complete understanding of autonomy and its relation to cognitive enhancement. By drawing a distinction between the capacity for autonomy and the exercise and achievement of autonomy, and by exploring the possible effects of cognitive enhancement on both competence and authenticity conditions for autonomy, the paper identifies and explains which dimensions of autonomy can and cannot, in principle, be enhanced via direct cognitive interventions. This allows us to draw conclusions regarding the limits of cognitive enhancement as a means for enhancing autonomy.
The effectiveness of a marketing virtual reality learning simulation: A quantitative survey with psychophysiological measures
Authors: Sung Billy , Mergelsberg Enrique , Teah Min , D’Silva Brandon , Phau Ian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) technology has been shown to be a promising teaching method in STEM subjects. Extending these findings, the current study is the first to develop and examine the feasibility of using a VR simulation in marketing (ie, a non‐STEM subject). Specifically, the levels of immersion and three learning outcomes (learning attitude, enjoyment and performance) were compared between the marketing students who learned the same content through a VR simulation prototype versus a traditional static video presentation. Learning enjoyment was measured using facial electromyography, which served as a more objective measures for the feeling of enjoyment. Compared to the video condition, the results showed that VR resulted in a higher experience of immersion, learning attitude and learning enjoyment. Furthermore, immersion was found to fully mediate the positive effects of the VR simulation on learning attitude, but not enjoyment. Surprisingly, students in the video condition performed better on the knowledge‐based test than those in the VR condition. The current study suggests that the current prototype of the VR simulations should be used as supplementary resource to increase the learning attitude and enjoyment, but not as a main teaching material to enhance knowledge‐based performance in the marketing discipline.
Embedded Fixers, Pragmatic Experimenters, Dedicated Activists: Evaluating Third‐Party Labour Market Actors’ Initiatives for Skilled Project‐Based Workers in the Gig Economy
Authors: Koene Bas A. S. , Pichault François 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon‐standard career paths — in which workers jump from one employment arrangement to another according to the projects they work on — have become more frequent in modern labour markets. The traditional solutions for organizing and managing work relationships and job transitions have become less effective for such workers regarding the risks of precariousness and economic dependence they may experience. Envisioning ways forward requires an appreciation of what was achieved over the past century and an understanding of what is needed to replace and adapt these achievements. Emerging solutions for managing work relationships are provided by a growing range of third‐party labour market actors, but the evaluation of their contributions in the literature remains limited. In this article, we build an original theoretical framework to evaluate such contributions according to the kind of services they provide and their respective engagement in institutional innovation. We give examples of solutions developed for skilled workers in two institutional contexts: the Netherlands and Belgium and show how our framework can help distinguish at least three groups of actors that contribute to labour market development in different ways.
The Queen Bee phenomenon in Academia 15 years after: Does it still exist, and if so, why?
Authors: Faniko Klea , Ellemers Naomi , Derks Belle 
Published: July 2020

Fifteen years ago, the British Journal of Social Psychology published a set of studies on male and female academics, documenting that female faculty members were more likely than male faculty members to express stereotyped views of women at the beginning of their academic careers (PhD candidates; Ellemerset al., 2004,Br. J. Soc. Psychol.,43, 3). At the same time, the self‐descriptions of female faculty members were just as masculine as those of their male colleagues. Ellemers and colleagues (2004,Br. J. Soc. Psychol.,43, 3) referred to this combination of results as indicating the existence of a ‘Queen Bee (QB) phenomenon’ in academia. The present contribution investigates whether the QB phenomenon is also found among current generations of academics, investigating this in two recent samples of academic professionals (N = 462;N = 339). Our findings demonstrate that the phenomenon first documented in 2004 still exists: Advanced career female academics are more likely than their male counterparts to underestimate the career commitment of women at the beginning of their academic careers. At the same time, both male and female academics at advanced career stages describe themselves in more masculine terms than those at early career stages. We argue this indicates a response pattern in which successful women emulate the masculinity of the work environment. To indicate this, the term ‘self‐group distancing’ might be more appropriate than ‘Queen Bee effect’.
Does economic complexity reduce output volatility in developing countries?
Authors: Güneri Barbaros , Yalta A. Yasemin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEconomic complexity measures the productive knowledge embedded in an economy by analysing the export structure of countries. Although the recent literature suggests that economic complexity might arise as a useful tool to lower output volatility by both diversifying export bundles and increasing the sophistication of exports, the empirical evidence on this issue is rather scarce. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating the effect of economic complexity on output volatility for a large set of developing countries. To this end, we apply a panel vector auto regression (PVAR) methodology, which allows us to capture the dynamic interrelationships between variables. The findings of the paper robust to the alternative specifications reveal that economic complexity affects output volatility negatively. Hence, economic policies aimed at diversifying productive capabilities and export bundles should be one of the major priorities in developing countries.
The 5,6‐epoxycholesterol metabolic pathway in breast cancer: Emergence of new pharmacological targets
Authors: de Medina Philippe , Diallo Khadijetou , Huc‐Claustre Emilie , Attia Mehdi , Soulès Régis , Silvente‐Poirot Sandrine , Poirot Marc 
Published: July 2020

Metabolic pathways have emerged as cornerstones in carcinogenic deregulation providing new therapeutic strategies for cancer management. Recently, a new branch of cholesterol metabolism has been discovered involving the biochemical transformation of 5,6‐epoxycholesterols (5,6‐ECs). The 5,6‐ECs are metabolized in breast cancers to the tumour promoter oncosterone whereas, in normal breast tissue, they are metabolized to the tumour suppressor metabolite, dendrogenin A (DDA). Blocking the mitogenic and invasive potential of oncosterone will present new opportunities for breast cancer treatment. The reactivation of DDA biosynthesis, or its use as a drug, represents promising therapeutic approaches such as DDA‐deficiency complementation, activation of breast cancer cell re‐differentiation and breast cancer chemoprevention. This review presents current knowledge of the 5,6‐EC metabolic pathway in breast cancer, focusing on the 5,6‐EC metabolic enzymes ChEH and HSD11B2 and on 5,6‐EC metabolite targets, the oxysterol receptor (LXRβ) and the glucocorticoid receptor.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc
The transition experiences of adolescents with type 1 diabetes from paediatric to adult care providers
Authors: McDowell Megan E. , Litchman Michelle L. , Guo Jia‐Wen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeEmerging adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for poor health outcomes as they transition from paediatric to adult healthcare providers. This is in part due to the complexities of young adult life as individuals with T1D enter the workforce, leave home or start college while learning to manage the disease on their own. We sought to identify the barriers and facilitators adolescents face during their emerging adult years with T1D.MethodsYoung adults, aged 24–35, who lived with T1D during their adolescent years were recruited online to complete a survey regarding their experience with care transition. Categorical data were analysed using descriptive statistics. A thematic analysis, guided by the Framework for Emerging Adults with T1D, was used to explore the free‐text data.ResultsIn total, 25 adults (84% female) with mean age of 28 ± 3.2 years participated. Themes that arose from the analysis of the paediatric to adult care transition experiences included (1) importance of support from key players, (2) challenges navigating the healthcare system, (3) mental health needs of emerging adults with T1D, (4) managing day‐to‐day life with T1D and (5) early independence to ease transition.ConclusionIndividuals with T1D face a variety of challenges as they transition from paediatric to adult care providers. A proactive approach in educating adolescents is needed.
Teaching With Televised Stories: A Story‐Focused Narrative Preview Supports Learning in Young Children
Authors: Jing Mengguo , Kirkorian Heather L. 
Published: July 2020

Researchers examined the effects of previewing on preschoolers’ comprehension of narrative and educational content in a television program. Children (3–5 years, N = 107) watched an educational math episode in one of three conditions: no‐preview control, education‐focused expository preview, or story‐focused narrative preview. A main effect of previewing was found, controlling for age, character familiarity, prior knowledge, and visual attention. Specifically, the narrative preview enhanced both narrative comprehension (including central, incidental, and inferential content) and educational comprehension (including direct learning and transfer), compared to a no‐preview control. Conversely, the expository preview had no effect on comprehension. Findings are interpreted with respect to story schema and relevant cognitive theories of learning from media. Implications for educational media production are discussed.
A robust similarity based deep siamese convolutional neural network for gait recognition across views
Authors: George Merlin Linda , Govindarajan Themozhi , Angamuthu Rajasekaran Kavitha , Bandi Sudheer Reddy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGait recognition has been considered as the emerging biometric technology for identifying the walking behaviors of humans. The major challenges addressed in this article is significant variation caused by covariate factors such as clothing, carrying conditions and view angle variations will undesirably affect the recognition performance of gait. In recent years, deep learning technique has produced a phenomenal performance accuracy on various challenging problems based on classification. Due to an enormous amount of data in the real world, convolutional neural network will approximate complex nonlinear functions in models to develop a generalized deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture for gait recognition. DCNN can handle relatively large multiview datasets with or without using any data augmentation and fine‐tuning techniques. This article proposes a color‐mapped contour gait image as gait feature for addressing the variations caused by the cofactors and gait recognition across views. We have also compared the various edge detection algorithms for gait template generation and chosen the best from among them. The databases considered for our work includes the most widely used CASIA‐B dataset and OULP database. Our experiments show significant improvement in the gait recognition for fixed‐view, crossview, and multiview compared with the recent methodologies.
Continuities in Transition: Ethnicity, Language and Labour Market Inequalities in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Agadjanian Victor , Oh Byeongdon 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTEthno‐racial and linguistic boundaries have major implications for socio‐economic well‐being throughout the world, yet their specific effects vary greatly across contexts. The countries that were once part of the Soviet Union have seen dramatic transformations yet also exhibited remarkable continuities from the socialist era. This article contributes to cross‐national evidence on the roots and expressions of ethno‐racial socio‐economic inequalities and on nation building and nationalism in the post‐Soviet context. It uses data from two identically designed nationally representative surveys conducted in Kyrgyzstan in 2011 and 2017 to investigate patterns and trends in ethnic and linguistic disparities in employment by occupational type and economic sector and in earnings among men and women. The authors find that despite government policies to promote the advancement of the nation's titular majority, Kyrgyz, and to encourage the use of its language, the ethno‐linguistic economic inequalities inherited from the Soviet era — privileged positions of the European‐origin minority and of Russian‐speaking Kyrgyz — were still potently present in the earlier survey. While variations in types of occupation and employment sectors tended to diminish between the two surveys, the ethno‐linguistic differences in earnings remained very pronounced, even after controlling for other factors. The authors relate these findings to the extant scholarship and reflect on their implications for our understanding of post‐socialist transitions.
Plasticity in flower size as an adaptation to variation in pollinator specificity
Authors: Dixit Tanmay , Riederer Jana M. , Quek Stanley , Belford Kate , de Wand Tadzio Tavares , Sicat Roxanne , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: July 2020

1. Mutualisms, including plant‐pollinator interactions, are an important component of ecosystems.2. Plants can avoid the costs of variation in pollinator benefit by maintaining specificity.3. We hypothesise a novel mechanism to ensure specificity, which takes advantage of the cognitive abilities of specific pollinators to exclude non‐specific flower visitors.4. Inflorescences of the tropical vine genus Psiguria produce flowers at regular intervals, with subsequent flowers smaller than predecessors.5. The principle pollinators, Heliconius spp., possess an excellent spatial memory.6. Therefore, decreasing flower size may ensure specific pollination: once Heliconius individuals have learnt the location of an inflorescence they will return, but inconspicuous flowers should reduce visits by non‐specific pollinators with poorer spatial memories.7. We tested the predictions of this hypothesis with field experiments in Panama. We confirmed that flowers on inflorescences are smaller than their predecessors.8. Paired experiments showed that larger flowers attracted more pollinators and that the presence of an initial large flower increased subsequent visitation by Heliconius spp. to small flowers, indicating learning behaviour.9. These results suggest that learning behaviour and decreasing flower size maintain visits from specific pollinators while reducing those from non‐specific pollinators. We propose this as a novel mechanism for promoting pollinator specificity and discuss its ecological significance.
Urinary biomarkers of kidney tubule injury, risk of acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated at a stroke care unit
Authors: Shimoyama T. , Sato T. , Sakamoto Y. , Nagai K. , Aoki J. , Suda S. , Nishiyama Y. , Kimura K. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeUrinary liver‐type fatty‐acid binding protein (L‐FABP), which is a biomarker of kidney tubule injury, has been studied extensively and established as a risk marker of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether kidney tubule injury is associated with the development of AKI and mortality in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.MethodsAcute ischaemic stroke patients hospitalized in the stroke care unit (SCU) within 24 h after symptom onset were prospectively investigated. AKI was defined on the basis of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Baseline urinary L‐FABP was measured on admission. We evaluated the associations among urinary L‐FABP, incidence of AKI, and 90‐day mortality adjusted for renal function, albuminuria and other potentially predictive variables, using multivariable analysis.ResultsIn total, 527 acute ischaemic stroke patients (342 men, median age 74 years) were enrolled in the study. Twenty‐seven patients (5.1%) experienced AKI within 7 days of admission. In the univariate analysis, high urinary L‐FABP level had positive associations with AKI [53.8 μg/g creatinine (Cr) vs. 3.9 μg/g Cr; P < 0.001] and 90‐day mortality (15.5 μg/g Cr vs. 4.0 μg/g Cr; P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, elevated urinary L‐FABP level (per 10‐μg/g Cr increase) was independently associated with AKI (odds ratio 1.225, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.083–1.454; P = 0.003) and 90‐day mortality (hazard ratio 1.091, 95% CI 1.045–1.138; P < 0.001).ConclusionUrinary biomarkers of kidney tubule injury are independently associated with the development of AKI and 90‐day mortality in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated at the SCU.