bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Topical Azithromycin in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Ciloglu Emine , Özcan Altan Atakan , Incekalan Tugba , Unal Fikret 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
The efficacy of topical azithromycin (AZ) supplementation to systemic AZ has not been studied. This study evaluates the efficacy of topical AZ supplementation to systemic AZ, warm compresses, artificial tears, and lid scrubs for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Methods:
Eighty-five patients with stage 4 MGD were enrolled in the study. The patients enrolled into the study were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 55 patients who received preservative-free topical 1.5% AZ administered as a unit dose, and group 2 comprised 30 patients who did not receive topical AZ. Both groups were prescribed artificial tear eye drops and systemic AZ. Fluorescein tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal staining, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) symptom scores, and meibum quality were evaluated at baseline and after 1 and 3 months.

Results:
The mean age of patients in group 1 was 48.3 ± 13.4 years (25 men and 30 women) and in group 2 was 50.7 ± 10.2 years (12 men and 18 women). After treatment at the first and third month, group 1 showed significant improvement in mean TBUT, mean corneal staining score, meibum quality, and mean OSDI scores compared with baseline (P < 0.05). In group 2, only the OSDI score and meibum quality improved significantly after treatment compared with baseline (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate clinically and statistically greater improvement in MGD-associated signs and symptoms with the addition of topical AZ to the systemic treatment.
Tanshinone IIA protects mice against atherosclerotic injury by activating the TGF-β/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway
Authors: Wang Junyan , He Xinyong , Chen Wenna , Zhang Ni , Guo Junfu , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Lin , Sun Hongwei , Jia Lianqun , Yang Guanlin 
Published: December 2019

Objective
Explored the mechanism of action of tanshinone IIA (TIIA) against atherosclerosis.

Methods
ApoE−/− mice were divided into two groups of 10: model and TIIA. A control group of 10 wild-type mice was created. ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The TIIA group received TIIA once daily. Mice were anesthetized, blood collected by cardiac puncture, and the aortic sinus/arch collected for histology and molecular studies, respectively.

Results
Mice intima in the model group had large areas of plaque formation, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels decreased significantly in the model group after 12 weeks. Staining [hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Oil-Red-O] showed that the aorta had lesions, a higher degree of plaque formation, and considerable lipid deposition in model-group mice. After TIIA treatment, expression of HDL-C was increased significantly and that of TC, triglycerides and LDL-C decreased significantly, and plaque size and lipid deposition improved obviously. Analyses of protein phosphorylation in aortic tissue suggested that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway was activated in TIIA-treated mice.

Conclusion
TIIA can lower levels of serum lipids, stabilize atherosclerotic plaques, reduce endothelial injury, and inflammatory damage by activation of the TGF-β/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.
Early Recovery of Height Velocity in Prepubertal Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated by a Short Intensive Phase Without Cranial Radiation Therapy
Authors: Suenobu Souichi , Goto Hironori , Hirano Naoki , Sonoda Tomoko , Izumi Tatsuro , Ihara Kenji 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
There have been few reports on height disturbance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients treated without cranial radiation therapy (CRT). Our study aimed to clarify the critical period of growth in pediatric patients who were treated by the Japan Childhood Leukemia Study (JACLS) ALL-02 protocol, which involved short-term intensive treatment without CRT.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective, cohort study was conducted for prepubertal children with B-precursor ALL who were diagnosed from July 2002 to November 2011 and treated by the JACLS ALL-02 protocol at Oita University Hospital. The heights were chronologically measured at pretreatment, after the intensive phase (INT), at the end of treatment (END), and at 1 to 5 year(s) posttreatment (POST 1 to 5).

Results:
Nine boys and 4 girls were enrolled. Z score of the height was reduced at INT and END. Delta Z scores of the height and Z score of height velocity were reduced from pretreatment to INT, and they demonstrated an early recovery during maintenance treatment in INT to END.

Conclusions:
Early recovery of delta Z scores of the height and Z score of height velocity was observed during the INT to END period. The shortened intensive phase without CRT may result in an adequate height in prepubertal ALL patients.
A Pulse Check on Leadership and Teamwork
Authors: Grimsley Emily A. , Cochrane Niall H. , Keane Ryan R. , Sumner Brian D. , Mullan Paul C. , O'Connell Karen J. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives
Effective leadership and teamwork are imperative during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR). The initial phase of pediatric CPR, termed the “first 5 minutes,” has significant care delivery gaps in both leadership and team performance. The aim of the study was to describe the performance data of emergency department (ED) teams who performed CPR in a pediatric ED.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective video review of resuscitations involving pediatric patients younger than 21 years who presented in cardiac arrest to a tertiary pediatric ED. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results
Twenty events met study inclusion criteria. Prearrival task completion included the following: estimated weight (90%), airway set-up (85%), epinephrine dose prepared (84%), defibrillator ready (75%), and intraosseous kit ready (50%). Median prearrival notification time was 5 minutes 34 seconds (interquartile range = 4:44–7:13) with no significant relationship between prearrival time and task completion. Within the first 5 minutes, the team leader provided a care summary in 84%, prioritized tasks in 95%, and assigned roles for airway management (90%), intravenous/intravenous access (63%), and CPR/pulse check (63%). Most critical tasks were completed within 1 minute; however, only 25% had defibrillator pads placed within the 5-minute window.

Conclusions
Our study of leadership and teamwork during the first 5 minutes of pediatric CPR care noted wide variation in team performance. Opportunities for improvements in CPR readiness can be incorporated into education and quality programs to drive improvements in the care of future pediatric patients experiencing cardiac arrest.
Mechanical Micronization of Lipoaspirates for the Treatment of Horizontal Neck Lines
Authors: Cai Junrong , Wang Jing , Hu Wansheng , Lu Feng 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Horizontal neck wrinkles develop as a result of the aging process. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) gel, which is rich in extracellular matrix and functional cells, can be produced by a series of simple mechanical processes, including intersyringe shifting and centrifugation. This study aimed to assess stromal vascular fraction gel in the treatment of horizontal neck wrinkles.

Methods:
This single-center study included female patients with horizontal neck wrinkles (Fitzpatrick types II to IV) treated with either SVF gel or botulinum toxin type A (BTX A) injection. SVF gel was first diffusely distributed subcutaneously along the neck line and then injected in a diluted way intracutaneously at points 0.5 cm apart along the horizontal lines. BTX A was injected at points 1.5 cm apart (2 U in each injection site). Satisfaction and improvement scores were compared between the two groups, and the collagen content of the neck wrinkle was compared by histologic evaluation before and after treatment.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients received SVF gel and 22 received BTX A. In patients with type II neck wrinkles, BTX A and SVF gel treatment resulted in similar improvement scores and patient satisfaction in the first 3 months. In patients with type III and IV neck wrinkles, SVF gel resulted in significantly higher improvement scores and better patient satisfaction. A longer duration of adverse events was seen in the SVF gel treatment group. Histologic assessment suggested that SVF gel increased the collagen density of neck wrinkles.

Conclusion:
SVF gel is an effective treatment for horizontal neck wrinkles, particularly in patients with type III and IV wrinkles.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Lip Reconstruction after Mohs Cancer Excision: Lessons Learned from 615 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Sanniec Kyle , Harirah Muhammad , Thornton James F. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The lips provide key functional and aesthetic features of the face. From social interactions and speech to swallowing and oral competence, a functional dynamic structure is required. This interaction with surrounding landmarks presents a challenge for reconstruction. There are a myriad of ways reported to reconstruct these defects; however, as the authors’ practice has evolved, a more refined approach was developed to optimize results and minimize the complexity of each patient’s surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective review from 2004 to 2018 was performed of consecutive patients who underwent lip reconstruction following Mohs cancer resection performed by a single surgeon. Each case was evaluated for key patient characteristics, defect location, defect size, defect composition, reconstructive modality, and complications. In addition, the evolution of treatment types over those 14 years was evaluated.

Results:
Six hundred fifteen patients underwent lip reconstruction. Defects most commonly involved the upper lateral lip, and 247 (40 percent) involved both the skin and vermillion. A significant majority of the patient’s defects were repaired using either linear closure or V-wedge excision and closure. A complication rate of 10.2 percent (n = 63) was found, ranging from oral incompetence to cancer recurrence. There was no significant difference in complication rates in patients older than 75 years, in smokers, or in patients who were on anticoagulation.

Conclusions:
The authors’ techniques have evolved from more invasive advancement and rotation flaps to a more reliable linear closure method over the past 14 years. This study shows that lip reconstruction is safe in elderly patients, smokers, and patients who are on anticoagulation.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Reconstruction of Craniomaxillofacial Bone Defects With Customized Prosthesis of Hydroxyapatite/Epoxide Acrylate Maleic Compound Designed by Computer-Aided Technique
Authors: Xu Ye , Yan Xin , Hua Chao , Wang Shuqin , Wu Jie , Tan Qian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical technique of reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects by using hand-made customized prosthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA)/epoxide acrylate maleic (EAM) compound with computer-aided technique. Between 2008 and 2015, eleven patients underwent computed tomography, three-dimensional (3D) imaging and reconstruction surgery. These customized HA/EAM compound artificial implants were hand-made, guided by computer-aided solid 3D reconstruction models of pre-operation structures of the patients. The artificial implants had to match the bone loss area accurately and be fixed stable with titanium screws and titanium meshes. For all patients and their surgeons, the post-operative aesthetics and functionality of the prosthesis were satisfactory. Only one patient felt a prominent edge of the prosthesis, but without any discomfort. In this case, a small groove was observed through CT scan. During the follow-up period (6–87 months), none of the 11 patients experienced any other complications, nor did they need secondary operation for adjusting or removing the prosthesis. In conclusion, this reconstruction technique of craniomaxillofacial bone defects by using hand-made customized HA/EAM compound artificial implants can achieve ideal results in both appearance and functionality.
Electromagnetic Navigation in Craniofacial Surgery Based on Automatic Registration of Dental Splints
Authors: Lin Li , Gao Yuan , Chai Gang , Xu Haisong , Xie Le 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Optical navigation method cannot be used in partial craniofacial surgery due to light blocking. At present, electromagnetic navigation method can be used instead. The occlusal splint obtained from the patient's dental mold is used in the traditional electromagnetic navigation registration. Then, marker points are selected manually for registration through imaging data during the operation, which leads to the deviation of selection. In this study, the self-developed registration software was used to perform automatic registration in the intraoperative registration. Experimental results showed that it has higher accuracy and faster speed, and is suitable for the actual operation process in clinical environment compared with the traditional manual registration.
Finite-Element Biomechanical-Simulated Analysis of the Nasolabial Fold
Authors: Chen Guocheng , Lu Xiaona , Yin Ningbei 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Nasolabial fold (NLF) is an important anatomic sign of facial aging. However, the dynamic biomechanical relationships between the facial mimetic muscles (FMMs) and the NLF remain unclear.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the dynamic biomechanical relationships between the FMM and various NLF by finite-element analysis (FEA).

Methods:
The 3-dimentional computer-aided design (3D CAD) model of the skin-muscle-maxillofacial bone in the NLF was established by using the engineering design module of the Computer-Aided 3-dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) software. This CAD model was then imported into the Hypermesh software to set element type, mesh, and material properties. Finally, the 3D FEA model of the skin-muscle-maxillofacial bone in the NLF was generated, and then exported and uploaded into the Abaqus software with HM format for mechanical force loading and biomechanical analysis.

Results:
A 3D FEA model of the skin-muscle-maxillofacial bone in the NLF was successfully established by using the Mimics, Geomagic Studio, CATIA, Hypermesh, and Abaqus softwares. This FEA model had a good geometrical resemblance and good biomechanical properties. This provided an ideal biomechanical model for the study of deformation and the biomechanics of soft tissues, such as the NLF. The FEA was applied to the biomechanical simulation of the NLF. We established five effective FEA models to study the dynamic biomechanical relationships between the NLF and the FMM. The dynamic biomechanical relationships between the NLF and the FMM were preliminarily determined by computer simulating different types of mechanical force loadings.

Conclusion:
The FEA is an effective method to simulate the dynamic biomechanical relationships between the NLF and the FMM. Through the FEA simulation described in this study, we could preliminarily conclude that the formation of different types of NLF is mainly due to the coordinated contraction of various FMM. Moreover, not all FMM are involved in all types of NLF. According to the results of the FEA simulations in this study, it is worthwhile considering investigating the role of botulinum toxin in improving the morphology of the NLF in the near future.
Renal Arteriovenous Fistula in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Schwing Justine , Piveteau Arthur , Ernandez Thomas , Hansen-Pham Catrina , Toso Christian , Hadaya Karine 
Published: December 2019

Background.
Renal arteriovenous fistula (rAVF) is a rare complication after a total nephrectomy, with only 72 cases reported in the last literature review published in 1997. AVF has never been described in a renal transplant recipient, and the possible consequences of hemodetournement on the graft function are unknown.

Methods.
We hereby reported the first case of rAVF occurring in a renal transplant recipient and analyzed all cases of postnephrectomy rAVF reported between 1997 and 2017.

Results.
A 75-year-old woman who underwent a right nephrectomy and kidney transplant 16 years earlier, and complaining of mild exercise dyspnea, was discovered with a lumbar continuous murmur. Echocardiography showed a moderate to severe dilatation of the left ventricle, with a decreased ejection fraction. Serum creatinine was slightly raised but returned to normal value with hydration. An injected computed tomography scan demonstrated a communication between the stump of the right renal artery and inferior vena cava. Total occlusion of the rAVF was obtained with Amplatzer plug and coils placed in the distal renal stump, just upstream of rAVF. Exercise dyspnea disappeared immediately, and regression of left ventricular dilatation was objectified at 6-month echocardiography follow-up.

Conclusions.
Postnephrectomy rAVF is rare, frequently diagnosed late, and may be responsible for high-output heart failure by left-to-right shunt, with abdominal/lumbar bruit being the only manifestation. Renal complications concern 15% of the patients. Endovascular procedure is nowadays the treatment of choice. Occluding rAVF permits cardiac hemodynamic features and heart failure symptoms resolution.
Rising cost of labor and transformations in grain production in China
Authors: Tian Xu , Yi Fujin , Yu Xiaohua 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate Chinese farmers’ adaptation behavior in the context of the rising cost of labor in agriculture. As the cost of labor increases, farmers will either reallocate their budget to different inputs or change the structure of agricultural production to maximize profit.Design/methodology/approachThe Rural Fixed Point Observation data set between 2004 and 2010 is employed in the empirical analysis of this study. Both the compensated and uncompensated demand elasticities with respect to wages are estimated by adopting the translog cost function and the profit function.FindingsThe results show that labor input will drop down significantly as a response to rising wages. Land, fertilizer and intermediate inputs are net complements of labor, whereas machinery appears to be net substitute for labor. In addition, the authors also separate the expansion effect from the substitution effect and find that farmers will shift to grain production with intensive use of fertilizer and from wheat and corn to rice as a response to the rising cost of labor.Originality/valueThis study adopts the classical household model to incorporate various adaptation behaviors of farmers into one framework and decomposes the total effect of the rising cost of labor on input demand into an expansion effect and a substitution effect, which provides a better understanding of farmers’ adaptation behavior.
Networks of complicity: social networks and sex harassment
Authors: Cunningham Peggy , Drumwright Minette E. , Foster Kenneth William 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the question of why sex harassment persists in organizations for prolonged periods – often as an open secret.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth interviews were conducted with 28 people in diverse organizations experiencing persistent sex harassment. Data were analyzed using standard qualitative methods.FindingsThe overarching finding was that perpetrators were embedded in networks of complicity that were central to explaining the persistence of sex harassment in organizations. By using power and manipulating information, perpetrators built networks that protected them from sanction and enabled their behavior to continue unchecked. Networks of complicity metastasized and caused lasting harm to victims, other employees and the organization as a whole.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors used broad, open-ended questions and guided introspection to guard against the tendency to ask for information to confirm their assumptions, and the authors analyzed the data independently to mitigate subjectivity and establish reliability.Practical implicationsTo stop persistent sex harassment, not only must perpetrators be removed, but formal and informal ties among network of complicity members must also be weakened or broken, and victims must be integrated into networks of support. Bystanders must be trained and activated to take positive action, and power must be diffused through egalitarian leadership.Social implicationsUnderstanding the power of networks in enabling perpetrators to persist in their destructive behavior is another step in countering sex harassment.Originality/valueSocial network theory has rarely been used to understand sex harassment or why it persists.
“Not our class darling”: networking – privilege or penalty in large hotels?
Authors: Ryan Irene , Mooney Shelagh Karin 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how the social categories of gender, age and class influence networking practices and career progression in the 4–5-star hotel sector in Australia and New Zealand. It argues that in this type of workplace the practice of networking is so normalized that it is assumed an inclusive, gender-neutral activity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on 18 semi-structured interviews. Inductive analysis was used uncover themes, sub-themes and emergent patterns. An intersectionally sensitive approach was followed.FindingsThe significance of networking processes for career progression in the 4–5-star hotel sectors was a recurring theme. Networking reflects historically embedded gendering practices that heighten existing class-based structural privilege for groups of men.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus is on hotel employees in Australia and New Zealand with the findings are not implicitly generalizable.Practical implicationsNetworks are important for women as their “merit” may not be immediately visible. Well-structured mentoring schemes need to be adopted as part of the affirmative action required to tilt the “skewed playing field”.Originality/valueStudies that indicate how the gendering of networking practices reinforce career privilege and penalty in specific organizations have been lacking, as have studies favouring an intersectional approach. This study seeks to redress these omissions.