bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing efficacy and safety in catheter ablation strategies for atrial fibrillation: protocol of a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Charitakis Emmanouil , Karlsson Lars O , Rizas Kostantinos , Almroth Henrik , Hassel Jönsson Anders , Schweiler Jonas , Sideris Skevos , Tsartsalis Dimitrios , Dragioti Elena , Chaimani Anna 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Catheter ablation (CA) of AF is an increasingly offered therapeutic approach, primary to relieve AF-related symptoms. Despite the development of new ablation approaches, there is no consensus regarding the most efficient ablation strategy. The objective of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare the efficacy and safety of all different CA approaches for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal (PAF) and non-PAF (non-PAF).Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic search to identify randomised controlled trials of different CA approaches for the treatment of PAF and non-PAF, through the final search date of 1 March 2020. Information sources will include major bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science and CENTRAL) and clinical trial registries. Our primary outcomes will be the efficacy (recurrence-free survival) and safety of different CA approaches for the treatment of AF. Secondary outcomes will be all-cause mortality and procedural time. An NMA will be performed to determine the relative effects of different catheter ablation approaches (such as pulmonary vein isolation alone or in combination with ablation lines, ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms, etc). In PAF, a separate analysis will be performed including different energy sources (such as radiofrequency, cryogenic and laser energy). Risk of bias assessment and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to assess the robustness of the findings to potential bias.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval will be needed because data are collected from previous studies. The results will be presented through peer-review journals and conference presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020169494.
Protocol for a prospective, longitudinal cohort of people with COVID-19 and their household members to study factors associated with disease severity: the Predi-COVID study
Authors: Fagherazzi Guy , Fischer Aurélie , Betsou Fay , Vaillant Michel , Ernens Isabelle , Masi Silvana , Mossong Joel , Staub Therese , Brault Dominique , Bahlawane Christelle , Rashid Mohammed Ally , Ollert Markus , Gantenbein Manon , Huiart Laetitia 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionA few major clinical factors such as sex, obesity or comorbidities have already been associated with COVID-19 severity, but there is a need to identify new epidemiological, clinical, digital and biological characteristics associated with severity and perform deep phenotyping of patients according to severity. The objectives of the Predi-COVID study are (1) to identify new determinants of COVID-19 severity and (2) to conduct deep phenotyping of patients by stratifying them according to risk of complications, as well as risk factors for infection among household members of Predi-COVID participants (the Predi-COVID-H ancillary study).Methods and analysisPredi-COVID is a prospective, hybrid cohort study composed of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Luxembourg who will be followed up remotely for 1 year to monitor their health status and symptoms. Predi-COVID-H is an ancillary cohort study on household members of index cases included in Predi-COVID to monitor symptoms and household clusters in this high-risk population. A subcohort of up to 200 Predi-COVID and 300 Predi-COVID-H participants with biological samples will be included. Severity of infection will be evaluated by occurrence and duration of hospitalisation, admission and duration of stay in intensive care units or equivalent structures, provision of and duration of supplemental oxygen and ventilation therapy, transfer to another hospital, as well as the impact of infection on daily activities following hospital discharge.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the National Research Ethics Committee of Luxembourg (study number 202003/07) in April 2020. An informed consent is signed by study participants. Scientific articles will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals, along with press releases for lay audience for major results.Trial registration numberNCT04380987.
Retrospective cohort study of admission timing and mortality following COVID-19 infection in England
Authors: Alaa Ahmed , Qian Zhaozhi , Rashbass Jem , Benger Jonathan , van der Schaar Mihaela 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesWe investigated whether the timing of hospital admission is associated with the risk of mortality for patients with COVID-19 in England, and the factors associated with a longer interval between symptom onset and hospital admission.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study of data collected by the COVID-19 Hospitalisation in England Surveillance System (CHESS). Data were analysed using multivariate regression analysis.SettingAcute hospital trusts in England that submit data to CHESS routinely.ParticipantsOf 14 150 patients included in CHESS until 13 May 2020, 401 lacked a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and 7666 lacked a recorded date of symptom onset. This left 6083 individuals, of whom 15 were excluded because the time between symptom onset and hospital admission exceeded 3 months. The study cohort therefore comprised 6068 unique individuals.Main outcome measuresAll-cause mortality during the study period.ResultsTiming of hospital admission was an independent predictor of mortality following adjustment for age, sex, comorbidities, ethnicity and obesity. Each additional day between symptom onset and hospital admission was associated with a 1% increase in mortality risk (HR 1.01; p<0.005). Healthcare workers were most likely to have an increased interval between symptom onset and hospital admission, as were people from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) backgrounds, and patients with obesity.ConclusionThe timing of hospital admission is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. Healthcare workers and individuals from a BAME background are at greater risk of later admission, which may contribute to reports of poorer outcomes in these groups. Strategies to identify and admit patients with high-risk and those showing signs of deterioration in a timely way may reduce the consequent mortality from COVID-19, and should be explored.
Diversity in health professional education scholarship: a document analysis of international author representation in leading journals
Authors: Buffone Brittany , Djuana Ilena , Yang Katherine , Wilby Kyle J , El Hajj Maguy S , Wilbur Kerry 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe global distribution of health professionals and associated training programmes is wide but prior study has demonstrated reported scholarship of teaching and learning arises from predominantly Western perspectives.DesignWe conducted a document analysis to examine authorship of recent publications to explore current international representation.Data sourcesThe table of contents of seven high-impact English-language health professional education journals between 2008 and 2018 was extracted from Embase.Eligibility criteriaThe journals were selected according to highest aggregate ranking across specific scientific impact indices and stating health professional education in scope; only original research and review articles from these publications were included for analysis.Data extraction and synthesisThe table of contents was extracted and eligible publications screened by independent reviewers who further characterised the geographic affiliations of the publishing research teams and study settings (if applicable).ResultsA total 12 018 titles were screened and 7793 (64.8%) articles included. Most were collaborations (7048, 90.4%) conducted by authors from single geographic regions (5851, 86%). Single-region teams were most often formed from countries in North America (56%), Northern Europe (14%) or Western Europe (10%). Overall lead authorship from Asian, African or South American regions was less than 15%, 5% and 1%, respectively. Geographic representation varied somewhat by journal, but not across time.ConclusionsDiversity in health professional education scholarship, as marked by nation of authors’ professional affiliations, remains low. Under-representation of published research outside Global North regions limits dissemination of novel ideas resulting in unidirectional flow of experiences and a concentrated worldview of teaching and learning.
Gender-based approach on the social impact and mental health in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jacques-Aviñó Constanza , López-Jiménez Tomàs , Medina-Perucha Laura , de Bont Jeroen , Gonçalves Alessandra Queiroga , Duarte-Salles Talita , Berenguera Anna 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveLockdown has impacts on people’s living conditions and mental health. The study aims to assess the relations between social impact and mental health among adults living in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown measures, taking a gender-based approach into account.Design, setting and participantsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among adults living in Spain during the lockdown of COVID-19 with an online survey from 8 April to 28 May 2020. The main variable was mental health measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale for anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. Sex-stratified multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between social impact variables, anxiety and depression.ResultsA total of 7053 people completed this survey. A total of 31.2% of women and 17.7% of men reported anxiety. Depression levels were reported in 28.5% of women and 16.7% of men. A higher proportion of anxiety and depression levels was found in the younger population (18–35 years), especially in women. Poorer mental health was mainly related to fear of COVID-19 infection, with higher anxiety levels especially in women (adjusted ordinal OR (aOR): 4.23, 95% CI 3.68 to 4.87) and worsened economy with higher levels of depression in women (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.84), and perceived inadequate housing to cope with lockdown was especially associated with anxiety in men (aOR: 2.53, 95% CI 1.93 to 3.44).ConclusionThe social impact of the lockdown is related to gender, age and socioeconomic conditions. Women and young people had worse mental health outcomes during lockdown. It is urgent to establish strategies for public health emergencies that include mental health and its determinants, taking a gender-based approach into account, in order to reduce health inequities.
Bleeding and thrombotic risk in pregnant women with Fontan physiology
Authors: Girnius Andrea , Zentner Dominica , Valente Anne Marie , Pieper Petronella G , Economy Katherine E , Ladouceur Magalie , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , Warshak Carri , Partington Sara L , Gao Zhiqian , Ollberding Nicholas , Faust Michelle , Girnius Saulius , Kaemmerer Harald , Nagdyman Nicole , Cohen Scott , Canobbio Mary , Akagi Teiji , Grewal Jasmine , Bradley Elisa , Buber Yonathan , Palumbo Joseph , Walker Niki , Aboulhosn Jamil , Oechslin Erwin , Baumgartner Helmut , Kurdi Wesam , Book Wendy M , Mulder Barbara J M , Veldtman Gruschen R 
Published: November 2020

Background/objectivesPregnancy may potentiate the inherent hypercoagulability of the Fontan circulation, thereby amplifying adverse events. This study sought to evaluate thrombosis and bleeding risk in pregnant women with a Fontan.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational cohort study across 13 international centres and recorded data on thrombotic and bleeding events, antithrombotic therapies and pre-pregnancy thrombotic risk factors.ResultsWe analysed 84 women with Fontan physiology undergoing 108 pregnancies, average gestation 33±5 weeks. The most common antithrombotic therapy in pregnancy was aspirin (ASA, 47 pregnancies (43.5%)). Heparin (unfractionated (UFH) or low molecular weight (LMWH)) was prescribed in 32 pregnancies (30%) and vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in 10 pregnancies (9%). Three pregnancies were complicated by thrombotic events (2.8%). Thirty-eight pregnancies (35%) were complicated by bleeding, of which 5 (13%) were severe. Most bleeds were obstetric, occurring antepartum (45%) and postpartum (42%). The use of therapeutic heparin (OR 15.6, 95% CI 1.88 to 129, p=0.006), VKA (OR 11.7, 95% CI 1.06 to 130, p=0.032) or any combination of anticoagulation medication (OR 13.0, 95% CI 1.13 to 150, p=0.032) were significantly associated with bleeding events, while ASA (OR 5.41, 95% CI 0.73 to 40.4, p=0.067) and prophylactic heparin were not (OR 4.68, 95% CI 0.488 to 44.9, p=0.096).ConclusionsCurrent antithrombotic strategies appear effective at attenuating thrombotic risk in pregnant women with a Fontan. However, this comes with high (>30%) bleeding risk, of which 13% are life threatening. Achieving haemostatic balance is challenging in pregnant women with a Fontan, necessitating individualised risk-adjusted counselling and therapeutic approaches that are monitored during the course of pregnancy.
The effects of acute dopamine reuptake inhibition on cognitive function during passive hyperthermia
Authors: Wallace Phillip J. , Schultz Martins Ricardo , Scott Jake S. , Steele Scott W. , Greenway Mathew J. , Cheung Stephen S. 
Published: November 2020

Dopamine activity can modulate physical performance in the heat, but less is known about its effects on cognition during thermal stress. Twelves males completed a randomized, double-blinded protocol consisting of oral ingestion of 20 mg of methylphenidate (MPH) or placebo (lactose pill) during passive heating using a water-perfused suit (water temperature ∼49 °C). To identify the impact of peripheral versus central thermal strain, a cognitive test battery was completed at 4 different thermal states: baseline (BASE; 37.2 ± 0.6 °C core, 32.9 ± 0.7 °C skin), neutral core-hot skin (NC-HS; 37.2 ± 0.3 °C, 37.4 ± 0.3 °C), hyperthermic core-hot skin (HC-HS; 38.7 ± 0.4 °C, 38.7 ± 0.2 °C), and hyperthermic core-cooled skin (HC-CS; 38.5 ± 0.4 °C, 35.1 ± 0.8 °C). The cognitive test battery consisted of the 2-back task (i.e., working memory), set-shifting (i.e., executive function), Groton Maze Learning Task (i.e., executive function) and detection task (i.e., psychomotor processing). MPH led to significantly higher heart rates (∼5–15 b·min−1) at BASE, NC-HS, and HC-HS (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of errors made on each task (all p < 0.05). Participants were significantly faster (p < 0.05) on the set-shifting task in the HC-HS timepoint, irrespective of drug condition (p > 0.05). In summary, we demonstrated that 20 mg of MPH did not significantly alter cognitive function during either normothermia or moderate hyperthermia. Novelty: Twenty milligrams of MPH did not significantly alter cognitive function during passive heat stress. MPH led to significant higher heart rates (∼5–15 b·min−1) in thermoneutral and during passive heat stress. Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of why MPH improves physical but not cognitive performance during heat stress.
AN APPROXIMATION TO DETERMINE CORROSION AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF TI-BASED ALLOYS
Authors: YILMAZ YESIM , DEMIROREN HULYA 
Published: November 2020

Titanium and its alloys used in biomaterial applications are preferrably the cause of high-corrosion resistance properties in addition to having good mechanical properties. Commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti) (Grade 2), Ti6Al4V (Grade 5) and Ti6Al4V-ELI (Grade 23) samples are used as biomaterials exposed to 750∘C and 1060∘C for 1[Formula: see text]h. The samples were cooled in air after heat treatment at 750∘C, the other samples were cooled in water after heat treatment at 1060∘C. The free-heat treatment samples are as producted. Microstructures of heat-treated samples and non-made samples by comparison were evaluated before and after corrosion process microstructures and tensile strengths. Test solution is 0.5[Formula: see text]mol H2SO[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol HCl mixture. The corrosion resistance of the titanium samples was evaluated. Microstructure images were monitorized on optical and SEM microscopes. In this paper, the effect of heat treatment was determined on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistances of the material. As a result, heat treatment is useful on corrosion resistance of alloyed samples.
Symmetry-breaking polygons on a rotating fluid surface
Authors: Xianbo Christopher Ong 
Published: November 2020

When a circular plate is rotated at the bottom of a cylindrical vessel containing fluid, the fluid surface can form stable polygons under certain conditions. This phenomenon is very surprising, as it seems that the rotational symmetry of the setup is mysteriously broken when polygons are formed. I experimentally measured the geometries of the formed polygons and studied their dependence on parameters such as the plate rotational rate. Both the number of sides and the sizes of the polygons were found to increase when the plate rotated faster. In my research, I sought to develop a theoretical model that could accurately predict the properties of the formed polygons in agreement with experimental results. Taking on a novel approach of analysing the forces on a fluid particle travelling along the boundary of the polygon, the mechanism of polygon formation and the effect of the plate rotation on the polygons were physically understood. Applying it quantitatively, with considerations on the properties of the fluid flow, a differential equation governing the polygon’s steadystate geometry was formulated. A high degree of predictive power into the shape of the polygon was achieved, closely matching experimental data. One sentence version: My research develops a theoretical model to predict the properties of symmetrybreaking polygons formed on a rotating fluid surface.
Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy
Authors: Barrick James E. , Alekseev Alexander S. , Blanco-Ferrera Silvia , Goreva Natalia V. , Hu Keyi , Lambert Lance L. , Nemyrovska Tamara I. , Qi Yuping , Ritter Scott M. , Sanz-López Javier 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy comprises regional zonations that reflect the palaeogeographical distribution of taxa and distinct shallow-water and deep-water conodont biofacies. Some species have a global distribution and can effect high quality correlations. These taxa are incorporated into definitions of global Carboniferous chronostratigraphic units. A standard global Carboniferous zonation has not been developed. The lowermost Mississippian is zoned by
Siphonodella
species, excepet in shallow-water facies, where other polygnathids are used.
Gnathodus
species radiated during the Tournaisian and are used to define many Mississippian zones. A late Tournaisian maximum in diversity, characterized by short-lived genera, was followed by lower diversity faunas of
Gnathodus
species and carminate genera through the Visean and Serpukhovian. By the late Visean and Serpukhovian,
Lochriea
provides better biostratigraphic resolution. Shallow-water zonations based on
Cavusgnathus
and
Mestognathus
are difficult to correlate. An extinction event near the base of the Pennsylvanian was followed by the appearance of new gnathodid genera:
Rhachistognathus
,
Declinognathodus
,
Neognathodus
,
Idiognathoides
and
Idiognathodus
. By the middle of the Moscovian, few genera remained:
Idiognathodus
,
Neognathodus
and
Swadelina.
During the middle Kasimovian and Gzhelian, only
Idiognathodus
and
Streptognathodus
species were common. Near the end of the Gzhelian, a rediversification of
Streptognathodus
species extended into the Cisuralian.
Type Inference for C
Authors: Melo Leandro T. C. , Ribeiro Rodrigo G. , Guimarães Breno C. F. , Pereira Fernando Magno Quintão 
Published: November 2020

Type inference is a feature that is common to a variety of programming languages. While, in the past, it has been prominently present in functional ones (e.g., ML and Haskell), today, many object-oriented/multi-paradigm languages such as C# and C++ offer, to a certain extent, such a feature. Nevertheless, type inference still is an unexplored subject in the realm of C. In particular, it remains open whether it is possible to devise a technique that encompasses the idiosyncrasies of this language. The first difficulty encountered when tackling this problem is that parsing C requires, not only syntactic, but also semantic information. Yet, greater challenges emerge due to C’s intricate type system. In this work, we present a unification-based framework that lets us infer the missing struct, union, enum, and typedef declarations in a program.
As an application of our technique, we investigate the reconstruction of partial programs. Incomplete source code naturally appears in software development: during design and while evolving, testing, and analyzing programs; therefore, understanding it is a valuable asset. With a reconstructed well-typed program, one can: (i) enable static analysis tools in scenarios where components are absent; (ii) improve precision of “zero setup” static analysis tools; (iii) apply stub generators, symbolic executors, and testing tools on code snippets; and (iv) provide engineers with an assortment of compilable benchmarks for performance and correctness validation. We evaluate our technique on code from a variety of C libraries, including GNU’s Coreutils and on snippets from popular projects such as CPython, FreeBSD, and Git.
Fixpoints for the masses: programming with first-class Datalog constraints
Authors: Madsen Magnus , Lhoták Ondřej 
Published: November 2020

Datalog is a declarative logic programming language that has been used in a variety of applications, including big-data analytics, language processing, networking and distributed systems, and program analysis.
In this paper, we propose first-class Datalog constraints as a mechanism to construct, compose, and solve Datalog programs at run time. The benefits are twofold: We gain the full power of a functional programming language to operate on Datalog constraints-as-values, while simultaneously we can use Datalog where it really shines: to declaratively express and solve fixpoint problems.
We present an extension of the lambda calculus with first-class Datalog constraints, including its semantics and a type system with row polymorphism based on Hindley-Milner. We prove soundness of the type system and implement it as an extension of the Flix programming language.
Detecting locations in JavaScript programs affected by breaking library changes
Authors: Møller Anders , Nielsen Benjamin Barslev , Torp Martin Toldam 
Published: November 2020

JavaScript libraries are widely used and evolve rapidly. When adapting client code to non-backwards compatible changes in libraries, a major challenge is how to locate affected API uses in client code, which is currently a difficult manual task. In this paper we address this challenge by introducing a simple pattern language for expressing API access points and a pattern-matching tool based on lightweight static analysis.
Experimental evaluation on 15 popular npm packages shows that typical breaking changes are easy to express as patterns. Running the static analysis on 265 clients of these packages shows that it is accurate and efficient: it reveals usages of breaking APIs with only 14% false positives and no false negatives, and takes less than a second per client on average. In addition, the analysis is able to report its confidence, which makes it easier to identify the false positives. These results suggest that the approach, despite its simplicity, can reduce the manual effort of the client developers.