bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of life history stage and climatic conditions on fecal egg counts in plains zebras (Equus quagga) in the Serengeti National Park
Authors: Seeber Peter A. , Kuzmina Tetiana A. , Greenwood Alex D. , East Marion L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn wildlife, endoparasite burden can be affected by host life history stage, environmental conditions, host abundance, and parasite co-infections. We tested the effects of these factors on gastrointestinal parasite infection in plains zebras (Equus quagga) in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, using fecal egg counts of two nematode families (Strongylidae and Ascarididae) and the presence/absence of cestode (Anoplocephalidae) eggs. We predicted higher egg counts of Strongylidae and Ascarididae, and increased likelihood of Anoplocephalidae infection in individuals (1) during energetically costly life history stages when resource allocation to immune processes may decrease and in young zebras after weaning because of increased uptake of infective stages with forage, (2) when climatic conditions facilitate survival of infective stages, (3) when large zebra aggregations increase forage contamination with infective stages, and (4) in individuals co-infected with more than one parasite group as this may indicate reduced immune competence. Strongylidae egg counts were higher, and the occurrence of Anoplocephalidae eggs was more likely in bachelors than in band stallions, whereas Ascarididae egg counts were higher in band stallions. Strongylidae and Ascarididae egg counts were not increased in lactating females. Strongylidae egg counts were higher in subadults than in foals. Regardless of sex and age, Ascarididae infections were more likely under wet conditions. Co-infections did not affect Strongylidae egg counts. Ascarididae egg counts in adult females were higher when individuals were co-infected with Anoplocephalidae. We present evidence that parasite burdens in plains zebras are affected by life history stage, environmental conditions, and co-infection.
The critical view of safety during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Strasberg Yes or No? An Italian Multicentre study
Authors: Sgaramella Lucia Ilaria , Gurrado Angela , Pasculli Alessandro , de Angelis Nicola , Memeo Riccardo , Prete Francesco Paolo , Berti Stefano , Ceccarelli Graziano , Rigamonti Marco , Badessi Francesco Giuseppe Aldo , Solari Nicola , Milone Marco , Catena Fausto , Scabini Stefano , Vittore Francesco , Perrone Gennaro , de Werra Carlo , Cafiero Ferdinando , Testini Mario ,   SYoN Italian Collaborative Group, Baiocchi Gian Luca , Baldazzi Gianandrea , Battocletti Mario , Bertoglio Sergio , Bianco Paolo , Bugiantella Walter , Ciaccio Giovanni , Cobianchi Lorenzo , Conzo Giovanni , Crespi Michele , De Rosa Michele , Di Meo Giovanna , Docimo Ludovico , Fabris Luca , Feleppa Cosimo , Ferraro Valentina , Fontana Tommaso , Gambardella Claudio , Gennai Andrea , Guida Francesco , Invernizzi Laura , Massobrio Andrea , Medas Fabio , Monaco Luigi , Muntoni Gianfranco , Musella Mario , Palombo Denise , Perinotti Roberto , Pertile Davide , Pezzolla Angela , Piccirillo Gianluca , Polastri Roberto , Ruggiero Roberto , Scatizzi Marco , Somaglino Carlo , Tolone Salvatore , Traverso Enrico , Tutino Roberta , Valduga Carlo , Zuolo Michele 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the treatment of gallbladder lithiasis; nevertheless, the incidence of bile duct injuries (BDI) is still high (0.3–0.8%) compared to open cholecystectomy (0.2%). In 1995, Strasberg introduced the "Critical View of Safety" (CVS) to reduce the risk of BDI. Despite its widespread use, the scientific evidence supporting this technique to prevent BDI is controversial.

Methods
Between March 2017 and March 2019, the data of patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 30 Italian surgical departments were collected on a national database. A survey was submitted to all members of Italian Digestive Pathology Society to obtain data on the preoperative workup, the surgical and postoperative management of patients and to judge, at the end of the procedure, if the isolation of the elements was performed according to the CVS. In the case of a declared critical view, iconographic documentation was obtained, finally reviewed by an external auditor.

Results
Data from 604 patients were analysed. The study population was divided into two groups according to the evidence (Group A; n = 11) or absence (Group B; N = 593) of BDI and perioperative bleeding.
The non-use of CVS was found in 54.6% of procedures in the Group A, and 25.8% in the Group B, and evaluating the operator-related variables the execution of CVS was associated with a significantly lower incidence of BDI and intraoperative bleeding.

Conclusions
The CVS confirmed to be the safest technique to recognize the elements of the Calot triangle and, if correctly performed, it significantly impacted on preventing intraoperative complications. Additional educational programs on the correct application of CVS in clinical practice would be desirable to avoid extreme conditions that may require additional procedures.
Advanced spatial network metrics for cognitive management of 5G networks
Authors: Sanchez-Navarro Ignacio , Bernal Bernabe Jorge , Alcaraz-Calero Jose M. , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe emerging fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks are empowered by softwarization and programmability, leading to the huge potentials of unprecedented flexibility and capability in cognitive network management such as self-reconfiguration and self-optimization. To help unlock such potentials, this paper proposes a novel framework that is able to monitor and calculate 5G network topological information in terms of advanced spatial metrics. These metrics, together with enabling and optimization algorithms, are purposely designed to address the complexity of 5G network topologies introduced by network virtualization and infrastructure sharing among operators (multi-tenancy). Consequently, this new framework, centred on a topology monitoring agent (TMA), enables on-demand 5G networks’ spatial knowledge and topological awareness required by 5G cognitive network management in making smart decisions in various autonomous network management tasks including but not limited to virtual network function placement strategies. The paper describes several technical use cases enabled by the proposed framework, including proactive cache allocation, computation offloading, node overloading alerting, and load balancing. Finally, a realistic 5G testbed is deployed with the central component TMA, together with the new spatial metrics and associated algorithms, implemented. Experimental results empirically validate the proposed approach and demonstrate the scalability and performance of the TMA component.
Neurosurgical simulator for training aneurysm microsurgery—a user suitability study involving neurosurgeons and residents
Authors: Joseph Fredrick Johnson , Weber Stefan , Raabe Andreas , Bervini David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Due to its complexity and to existing treatment alternatives, exposure to intracranial aneurysm microsurgery at the time of neurosurgical residency is limited. The current state of the art includes training methods like assisting in surgeries, operating under supervision, and video training. These approaches are labor-intensive and difficult to fit into a timetable limited by the new work regulations. Existing virtual reality (VR)–based training modules lack patient-specific exercises and haptic properties and are thus inferior to hands-on training sessions and exposure to real surgical procedures.

Materials and methods
We developed a physical simulator able to reproduce the experience of clipping an intracranial aneurysm based on a patient-specific 3D-printed model of the skull, brain, and arteries. The simulator is made of materials that not only imitate tissue properties including arterial wall patency, thickness, and elasticity but also able to recreate a pulsatile blood flow. A sample group of 25 neurosurgeons and residents (n = 16: early residency with less than 4 years of neurosurgical exposure; n = 9: late residency and board-certified neurosurgeons, 4–15 years of neurosurgical exposure) took part to the study. Participants evaluated the simulator and were asked to answer questions about surgical simulation anatomy, realism, haptics, tactility, and general usage, scored on a 5-point Likert scale. In order to evaluate the feasibility of a future validation study on the role of the simulator in neurosurgical postgraduate training, an expert neurosurgeon assessed participants’ clipping performance and a comparison between groups was done.

Results
The proposed simulator is reliable and potentially useful for training neurosurgical residents and board-certified neurosurgeons. A large majority of participants (84%) found it a better alternative than conventional neurosurgical training methods.

Conclusion
The integration of a new surgical simulator including blood circulation and pulsatility should be considered as part of the future armamentarium of postgraduate education aimed to ensure high training standards for current and future generations of neurosurgeons involved in intracranial aneurysm surgery.
Citation recommendation: approaches and datasets
Authors: Färber Michael , Jatowt Adam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCitation recommendation describes the task of recommending citations for a given text. Due to the overload of published scientific works in recent years on the one hand, and the need to cite the most appropriate publications when writing scientific texts on the other hand, citation recommendation has emerged as an important research topic. In recent years, several approaches and evaluation data sets have been presented. However, to the best of our knowledge, no literature survey has been conducted explicitly on citation recommendation. In this article, we give a thorough introduction to automatic citation recommendation research. We then present an overview of the approaches and data sets for citation recommendation and identify differences and commonalities using various dimensions. Last but not least, we shed light on the evaluation methods and outline general challenges in the evaluation and how to meet them. We restrict ourselves to citation recommendation for scientific publications, as this document type has been studied the most in this area. However, many of the observations and discussions included in this survey are also applicable to other types of text, such as news articles and encyclopedic articles.
Obstacle avoidance in bumblebees is robust to changes in light intensity
Authors: Baird Emily 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFlying safely and avoiding obstacles in low light is crucial for the bumblebees that forage around dawn and dusk. Previous work has shown that bumblebees overcome the limitations of their visual system—typically adapted for bright sunlight—by increasing the time over which they sample photons. While this improves visual sensitivity, it decreases their capacity to resolve fast motion. This study investigates what effect this has on obstacle avoidance in flight, a task that requires the bees to reliably detect obstacles in the frontal visual field and to make a timely diversion to their flight path. In both bright and dim light, bumblebees avoided the 5 cm diameter obstacle at a consistent distance (22 cm) although in dim light they approached it more slowly from a distance of at least at least 80 cm. This suggests that bumblebees have an effective strategy for avoiding obstacles in all light conditions under which they are naturally active, and it is hypothesised that this is based on a time-to-contact prediction.
Association Between Prescribed Hypnotics in Infants and Toddlers and Later ADHD: A Large Cohort Study from Norway
Authors: Holdø Ingvild , Bramness Jørgen G. , Handal Marte , Hansen Berit Hjelde , Hjellvik Vidar , Skurtveit Svetlana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs previously indicated an association may exist between early sleep problems in infants and toddlers, and a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to study if this association could be replicated in a complete nationwide cohort of children. Prospective cohort study using national registries. All children born in Norway from January 2004 to December 2010 were included (N = 410,555). Information on hypnotic drugs dispensed to children 0–3 years of age outside of institutions was collected from the Norwegian Prescription Database and used as a proxy for sleep problems. The outcome ADHD (ICD-10), as diagnosed by specialists in the Child Mental Health Service, was obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Data were analysed using weighted estimation in Cox regression. The unadjusted weighted hazard ratio (wHR) for a later diagnosis of ADHD in children dispensed two or more prescriptions for any hypnotic drug, compared to zero prescriptions, was 2.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63–3.23] for girls and 1.75 (95% CI 1.48–2.07) for boys. For the sedative antihistamine trimeprazine the corresponding wHR was 3.71 (95% CI 1.83–7.52) for girls and 2.78 (95% CI 2.04–3.80) for boys. After adjusting for parental ADHD and parental education the wHR for trimeprazine users was 2.81 (95% CI 1.34–5.88) for girls and 2.33 (95% CI 1.70–3.20) for boys. Infants and toddlers who were dispensed hypnotics had an increased risk of ADHD at school age. This association was most pronounced with the use of trimeprazine, a drug traditionally prescribed to toddlers for sleep problems in Norway. After adjusting for parental ADHD and educational level the risk for ADHD among the trimeprazine users was still more than twice the risk among controls.
Transnationalism: current debates and new perspectives
Authors: Tedeschi Miriam , Vorobeva Ekaterina , Jauhiainen Jussi S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article provides evidence-based results regarding current debates on transnationalism. It draws on the content analysis of the 50 most cited (according to the major academic databases and search engines in 2020) and the 50 most recent (published or forthcoming in 2019–2020) articles and/or books on transnationalism. The study analysed the main definitions of transnationalism, identified classification criteria for transnational experience, and reviewed the concept of transnationalism in the studied articles and books. In transnationalism, a broad range of economic, sociocultural, and political cross-border activities and practices, and their various combinations, modify people’s sense of belonging to places; affect their citizenship and nationality; change their aspirations, imagination and decisions in everyday life; and influence their identity. In the studied academic literature, transnationalism was often associated with globalisation, migration, cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism, diaspora, post-migration studies, and internationalism. Transnationalism has an inner processual and in-becoming character, leading to difficulty in giving it a precise and clear theoretical definition. Many studies have shown the need for conceptual academic clarity regarding transnationalism, whether considering it from narrow or broad perspectives. Transnationalism is transformative, and powerful enough to trigger changes in contemporary societies. This article suggests a number of particularly intriguing research fields regarding transnationalism: telecommunications (ICT—Information and Communication Technology/the internet/social media), return migration (aspirations to return, and in relation to telecommunications), as well as the connection between bodies and the law (the incorporation of the body into transnational practices and in relation to the law).
Heat and salinity transport between the permanent pycnocline and the mixed layer due to the obduction process evaluated from a gridded Argo dataset
Authors: Kawai Yoshimi , Hosoda Shigeki , Uehara Kazuyuki , Suga Toshio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is necessary for air–sea interaction and climate research to evaluate heat and salinity transport between the mixed layer (ML) and the permanent pycnocline and its contribution to the ML properties. The authors have calculated the obduction and subduction rates with the Eulerian definition using a 1°-grid Argo dataset and incorporated the obduction rate into the ML budget analysis in order to assess the impact of the entrained permanent pycnocline water on the ML temperature and salinity. They have successfully separated the effect of obduction on the ML from the entrainment of the seasonal pycnocline, and specified the regions where the obduction impact is noticeable. The ML heating rate due to obduction was smaller than ± 0.1 K/yr on average over most of the domain, but it was larger than − 0.5 K/yr in places around the Circumpolar Current, in the northeastern tropical Pacific, the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean, and the northeastern North Atlantic. The salinizing rate due to obduction exceeded ± 0.02 psu/yr in these areas, and in the subarctic North Pacific and the eastern South Pacific. The waters entrained from the permanent pycnocline warm and salinize the ML in the high latitudes due to the dichothermal structure. The method applied in this study also enabled us to assess the residence time and route of obducted and subducted water parcels below the ML. Furthermore, the authors examined the changes of obduction and subduction related with the marine heatwave that occurred in the northeastern North Pacific around 2014.
Glycan-Based Near-infrared Fluorescent (NIRF) Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tumors: a Preclinical Proof-of-Concept In Vivo Study
Authors: Houvast Ruben D. , Baart Victor M. , Bhairosingh Shadhvi S. , Cordfunke Robert A. , Chua Jia Xin , Vankemmelbeke Mireille , Parsons Tina , Kuppen Peter J. K. , Durrant Lindy G. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Sier Cornelis F. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeAberrantly expressed glycans in cancer are of particular interest for tumor targeting. This proof-of-conceptin vivostudy aims to validate the use of aberrant Lewis glycans as target for antibody-based, real-time imaging of gastrointestinal cancers.ProceduresImmunohistochemical (IHC) staining with monoclonal antibody FG88.2, targeting Lewisa/c/x, was performed on gastrointestinal tumors and their healthy counterparts. Then, FG88.2 and its chimeric human/mouse variant CH88.2 were conjugated with near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) IRDye 800CW for real-time imaging. Specific binding was evaluatedin vitroon human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines with cell-based plate assays, flow cytometry, and immune-fluorescence microscopy. Subsequently, mice bearing human colon and pancreatic subcutaneous tumors were imagedin vivoafter intravenous administration of 1 nmol (150 μg) CH88.2-800CW with the clinical Artemis NIRF imaging system using the Pearl Trilogy small animal imager as reference. One week post-injection of the tracer, tumors and organs were resected and tracer uptake was analyzedex vivo.ResultsIHC analysis showed strong FG88.2 staining on colonic, gastric, and pancreatic tumors, while staining on their normal tissue counterparts was limited. Next, human cancer cell lines HT-29 (colon) and BxPC-3 and PANC-1 (both pancreatic) were identified as respectively high, moderate, and low Lewisa/c/x-expressing. Using the clinical NIRF camera system for tumor-bearing mice, a mean tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) of 2.2 ± 0.3 (Pearl: 3.1 ± 0.8) was observed in the HT-29 tumors and a TBR of 1.8 ± 0.3 (Pearl: 1.9 ± 0.5) was achieved in the moderate expression BxPC-3 model. In both models, tumors could be adequately localized and delineated by NIRF for up to 1 week.Ex vivoanalysis confirmed full tumor penetration of the tracer and low fluorescence signals in other organs.ConclusionsUsing a novel chimeric Lewisa/c/x-targeting tracer in combination with a clinical NIRF imager, we demonstrate the potential of targeting Lewis glycans for fluorescence-guided surgery of gastrointestinal tumors.
Mapping the multicausality of Alzheimer’s disease through group model building
Authors: Uleman Jeroen F. , Melis René J. F. , Quax Rick , van der Zee Eddy A. , Thijssen Dick , Dresler Martin , van de Rest Ondine , van der Velpen Isabelle F. , Adams Hieab H. H. , Schmand Ben , de Kok Inge M. C. M. , de Bresser Jeroen , Richard Edo , Verbeek Marcel , Hoekstra Alfons G. , Rouwette Etiënne A. J. A. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex, multicausal disorder involving several spatiotemporal scales and scientific domains. While many studies focus on specific parts of this system, the complexity of AD is rarely studied as a whole. In this work, we apply systems thinking to map out known causal mechanisms and risk factors ranging from intracellular to psychosocial scales in sporadic AD. We report on the first systemic causal loop diagram (CLD) for AD, which is the result of an interdisciplinary group model building (GMB) process. The GMB was based on the input of experts from multiple domains and all proposed mechanisms were supported by scientific literature. The CLD elucidates interaction and feedback mechanisms that contribute to cognitive decline from midlife onward as described by the experts. As an immediate outcome, we observed several non-trivial reinforcing feedback loops involving factors at multiple spatial scales, which are rarely considered within the same theoretical framework. We also observed high centrality for modifiable risk factors such as social relationships and physical activity, which suggests they may be promising leverage points for interventions. This illustrates how a CLD from an interdisciplinary GMB process may lead to novel insights into complex disorders. Furthermore, the CLD is the first step in the development of a computational model for simulating the effects of risk factors on AD.