bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tanaman Berkhasiat untuk Pengobatan Malaria di Indonesia Berdasarkan Etnofarmasi
Authors: Mufidah Farah , Zuhrotun Ade 
Published: December 2020

Malaria merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi pada negara-negara tropis termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit malaria disebabkan oleh Plasmodium sp. yang ditandai dengan beberapa gejala seperti demam dan nyeri sendi. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yaitu sanitasi yang buruk, migrasi, tingkat kepadatan penduduk, faktor pekerjaan, dan resistensi Plasmodium sp. terhadap obat-obat. Pengobatan konvensional malaria saat ini yaitu Chloroquine (Chloroquine Phosphateâ), Mefloquine (Lariamâ), Quinine (Quinineâ), Primaquine (Primakuinâ), Pyrimethamine (Pirimetaminâ). Namun, beberapa etnik masyarakat wilayah di Indonesia masih mengonsumsi tanaman herbal yang sudah ada dan didapatkan secara turun temurun. Dari 44 tanaman pengobatan malaria berdasarkan etnofarmasi diketahui tanaman terbaik yaitu Caesalpinia crista (L.) dengan nilai IC50 0,09 µg/mL dan tanaman dengan efektifitas terbaik yaitu Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) dengan nilai ED50 200 mg/Kg. Adanya kandungan diterpen dan sesquiterpen pada bagian tanaman tersebut memberikan ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antimalaria yang baik.
Antibacterial Activity Of Tangerine Powder (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) Against Caries-Causing Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans)
Authors: Sriarumtias Framesti Frisma , Najihudin Aji , Rantika Nopi , Nengsih Rita 
Published: December 2020

Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans, which lives in the oral cavity and causes plaque on the teeth. Dental caries treatment involves restoration or filling of tooth tissue that has been perforated due to dental caries. The purpose of this study was analyze the effectivity of tangerine juice powder in preventing the emergence of dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. The experimental method was used in this study started by making a powder from tangerine jiuce using freeze drying method, followed by testing the antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also sought by measuring the diameter of the clear zone. The results showed that tangerine powder has antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10%. The highest activity of tangerine powder to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria was observed at concentration of 25% with an inhibition zone diameter of 15.8 mm, and is classified as having moderate inhibitory power. According to the result of this study is that tangerine juice powder has a good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and can be developed into a pharmaceutical ingredients to prevent dental caries.
Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Dengan Parameter Konsentrasi Glukosa, Kolesterol dan Trigliserida Pada Darah Tikus
Authors: Hasan Akhmad Endang Zainal , Husnawati Husnawati , Abrar Tommy 
Published: December 2020

Propolis merupakan salah satu bahan alam yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, antara lain sebagai antibakteri, hepatoprotektor, anestesi lokal, antikanker dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan tingkat toksisitas subkronis ekstrak etanol 70% propolis (EEP) pada tikus Sprague Dawley terhadap glukosa, kolesterol dan trigliserida darah selama 28 hari. Ekstrak propolis diberikan sebanyak 1 ml secara oral pada tikus jantan dan betina sebanyak 60 ekor dan 10 ekor sebagai kontrol. Ekstrak diberikan dalam dosis 0,3 mg/kg bobot badan (BB), 2,1 mg/kg BB, 14,7 mg/kg BB, 102,9 mg/kg BB, dan 720,3 mg/kg BB sebanyak 5 kali dalam seminggu selama 28 hari. Konsentrasi glukosa darah tikus jantan dan betina pada hari ke-28 adalah 79,85 – 97,49 mg/dL dan 61,88 – 90,26 mg/dL. Konsentrasi kolesterol darah tikus jantan dan betina pada hari ke-28 adalah 100,42 – 116,25 mg/dL dan 118,63 – 132,78 mg/dL. Konsentrasi trigliserida darah tikus jantan dan betina pada hari ke-28 adalah 128,64 – 142,37 mg/dL dan 110,95 – 128,58 mg/dL. Pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% propolis sampai dosis 720,3 mg/kg bb selama 28 hari tidak mengakibatkan abnormalitas terhadap nilai glukosa, kolesterol dan trigliserida darah tikus Sprague Dawley. Semua parameter pada hari ke-28 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistika dibandingkan dengan kelompok normal. Ekstrak etanol 70% propolis pada penelitian ini tidak menimbulkan pengaruh toksik pada konsentrasi glukosa, kholesterol dan trigliserida selama pengujian subkronis 28 hari. Uji ANOVA pada hari ke-28 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata dibandingkan dengan kelompok normal.
Vart är äldreomsorgen på väg?
Authors: Siverskog Anna , Jönson Håkan 
Published: December 2020

Many Swedish municipalities approve home-care services for persons above a particular age without individual need assessment (FBH) and following a change in the Social Service Act 2018, this policy is likely to increase. How can this development be understood in relation to larger trends within Swedish eldercare policy and practice? This article is based on an interview study with 50 representatives for municipal social services and aims to explore argument for and against FBH, and how these arguments represent differences in views on eldercare. Toulmin’s model of argumentation was used to sort data and Bacchi’s What’s the Problem Represented to be approach was used to relate findings to the development of eldercare. A striking finding was that arguments for and against FBH in several cases were based on the same warrants: user participation, independence and efficient use of resources. FBH was however also presented as a means to base services on trust, and to avoid the intrusive and blunt character of needs assessments. Arguments against FBH suggested that evaluated needs rather than age should be the foundation of services. A conclusion of the study is that FBH introduces a partly new concept of needs that is based on self-evaluation of older persons. This development could in one sense be regarded as empowering, but in another sense as part of the ongoing marketization of eldercare, where services are defined as commodities.
Diagnostic Value of T-SPOT.TB Assay for Tuberculous Peritonitis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luo Ying , Xue Ying , Mao Liyan , Lin Qun , Tang Guoxing , Song Huijuan , Wang Feng , Sun Ziyong 
Published: December 2020

Background:Tuberculous peritonitis (TP) is a common form of abdominal tuberculosis (TB). Diagnosing TP remains challenging in clinical practice. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of peripheral blood (PB) T-SPOT and peritoneal fluid (PF) T-SPOT for diagnosing TP.Methods:PubMed, EmBase, Cochrane, Scopus, Google scholar, China national knowledge internet, and Wan-Fang databases were searched for relevant articles from August 1, 2005 to July 5, 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata, Revman, and Meta-Disc software. Diagnostic parameters including pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were determined. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the area under the curve (AUC).Results:Twelve studies were eligible and included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity of PB T-SPOT in diagnosing TP were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.94) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.73–0.81), respectively, while the pooled PLR, NLR, and DOR were 4.05 (95% CI, 2.73–6.01), 0.13 (95% CI, 0.07–0.23), and 37.8 (95% CI, 15.04–94.98), respectively. On the other hand, the summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR of PF T-SPOT for TP diagnosis were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85–0.94), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.72–0.83), 6.35 (95% CI, 2.67–15.07), 0.14 (95% CI, 0.09–0.21), and 58.22 (95% CI, 28.76–117.83), respectively. Furthermore, the AUC of PB T-SPOT and PF T-SPOT for TP diagnosis were 0.91 and 0.94, respectively.Conclusions:Our results indicate that both PB T-SPOT and PF T-SPOT can be served as sensitive approaches for the diagnosis of TP. However, the unsatisfactory specificities of these two methods limit their application as rule-in tests for TP diagnosis. Furthermore, the standardization of the operating procedure of PF T-SPOT is further needed.
Inhibition of Cathepsin S Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cell Lines Through Mitochondrial Stress and Autophagosome Accumulation
Authors: Fei Maoxing , Zhang Li , Wang Handong , Zhu Yihao , Niu Wenhao , Tang Ting , Han Yanling 
Published: December 2020

Cathepsin S (CTSS), a lysosomal cysteine protease, is overexpressed in various cancers, including glioblastoma (GB). A high level of CTSS is associated with tumor progression and poor outcome in GB. However, the underlying mechanisms of its role in the biological characteristics of G5B remain to be elucidated. Here, we uncovered a potential role of CTSS in the lysosomes and mitochondria of GB cells (GBCs). Downregulation of CTSS in GBCs could increase the expression of autophagy-related proteins; however, there was no significant change in p62, suggesting autophagy blockade. Moreover, inhibition of CTSS increased the expression of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake ability, causing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, the generation of copious reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eventual mitochondrial apoptosis. Additionally, elevated damage to mitochondria exacerbated the burden of autophagy. Finally, we found that silence of MCU could alleviate the inhibition of CTSS-induced autophagosome accumulation and mitochondrial stress. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CTSS plays an important role in the process of autophagic flux and mitochondrial functions in GBCs.
Detection of Recurrent Prostate Cancer With 18F-Fluciclovine PET/MRI
Authors: Selnæs Kirsten Margrete , Krüger-Stokke Brage , Elschot Mattijs , Johansen Håkon , Steen Per Arvid , Langørgen Sverre , Aksnessæther Bjørg Yksnøy , Indrebø Gunnar , Sjøbakk Torill Anita Eidhammer , Tessem May-Britt , Moestue Siver Andreas , Knobel Heidi , Tandstad Torgrim , Bertilsson Helena , Solberg Arne , Bathen Tone Frost 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveSimultaneous PET/MRI combines soft-tissue contrast of MRI with high molecular sensitivity of PET in one session. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate detection rates of recurrent prostate cancer by 18F-fluciclovine PET/MRI.MethodsPatients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) or persistently detectable prostate specific antigen (PSA), were examined with simultaneous 18F-fluciclovine PET/MRI. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and PET/MRI were scored on a 3-point scale (1-negative, 2-equivocal, 3-recurrence/metastasis) and detection rates (number of patients with suspicious findings divided by total number of patients) were reported. Detection rates were further stratified based on PSA level, PSA doubling time (PSAdt), primary treatment and inclusion criteria (PSA persistence, European Association of Urology (EAU) Low-Risk BCR and EAU High-Risk BCR). A detailed investigation of lesions with discrepancy between mpMRI and PET/MRI scores was performed to evaluate the incremental value of PET/MRI to mpMRI. The impact of the added PET acquisition on further follow-up and treatment was evaluated retrospectively.ResultsAmong patients eligible for analysis (n=84), 54 lesions were detected in 38 patients by either mpMRI or PET/MRI. Detection rates were 41.7% for mpMRI and 39.3% for PET/MRI (score 2 and 3 considered positive). There were no significant differences in detection rates for mpMRI versus PET/MRI. Disease detection rates were higher in patients with PSA≥1ng/mL than in patients with lower PSA levels but did not differ between patients with PSAdt above versus below 6 months. Detection rates in patients with primary radiation therapy were higher than in patients with primary surgery. Patients categorized as EAU Low-Risk BCR had a detection rate of 0% both for mpMRI and PET/MRI. For 15 lesions (27.8% of all lesions) there was a discrepancy between mpMRI score and PET/MRI score. Of these, 10 lesions scored as 2-equivocal by mpMRI were changed to a more definite score (n=4 score 1 and n=6 score 3) based on the added PET acquisition. Furthermore, for 4 of 10 patients with discrepancy between mpMRI and PET/MRI scores, the added PET acquisition had affected the treatment choice.ConclusionCombined 18F-fluciclovine PET/MRI can detect lesions suspicious for recurrent prostate cancer in patients with a range of PSA levels. Combined PET/MRI may be useful to select patients for appropriate treatment, but is of limited use at low PSA values or in patients classified as EAU Low-Risk BCR, and the clinical value of 18F-fluciclovine PET/MRI in this study was too low to justify routine clinical use.
Oral Administration of Penicillin or Streptomycin May Alter Serum Serotonin Level and Intestinal Motility via Different Mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Cuihong , Gong Huashan , Luo Ping , Dong Li , Zhang Guohua , Shi Xueyin , Rong Weifang 
Published: December 2020

Background/AimsEnterochromaffin cells (EC cells) constitute the largest population of enteroendocrine cells and release serotonin (5-HT) in response to mechanical and chemical cues of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). How EC cells respond to altered microbiota such as due to antibiotic treatments remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the pacemaker channel HCN2 might contribute to the regulation of EC cells functions and their responses to antibiotics-induced changes in intestinal flora.MethodsMice were given either penicillin or streptomycin or both in drinking water for 10 consecutive days. The changes in the profile of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum following penicillin or streptomycin treatments were tested by GC-MS. Serum 5-HT content, whole intestinal transit time, fecal water content, cecum weight and expression of HCN2 and TPH1 in cecal mucosa were measured. Ivabradine (a HCN channels blocker) was used to explore the role of HCN2 in penicillin-induced changes in 5-HT availability and intestinal motility.ResultsHCN2 immunofluorescence was detected on intestinal EC cells. Both penicillin and streptomycin caused significant reduction in total SCFAs in the cecum, with the penicillin-treated group showing greater reductions in butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate levels than the streptomycin group. The expression of HCN2 was increased in the mice treated with penicillin, whereas TPH1 expression was increased in the mice treated with streptomycin. Mice treated with antibiotics all had larger and heavier cecum, elevated serum 5-HT level and increased fecal water content. Besides, mice treated with penicillin had prolonged intestinal transit time. Intraperitoneal injection of Ivabradine attenuated the effect of penicillin on serum 5-HT level, cecum size and weight, intestinal motility, and fecal water content.ConclusionDisruptions of the intestinal flora structure due to oral administration of penicillin may significantly increase serum 5-HT level and inhibit intestinal motility, at least partially through up-regulating the expression of HCN2. Oral administration of streptomycin may alter 5-HT availability by up-regulating TPH1 expression thus increasing synthesis of 5-HT. Alterations of intestinal flora composition due to exposure to different antibiotics may regulate 5-HT availability and intestinal motility through different mechanisms.
Root cementum ultrastructure in healthy and periodontally diseased teeth
Authors: Slazhneva E. S. , Tikhomirova E. A. , Elizova L. A. , Loboda E. S. , Orekhova L. Yu. , Atrushkevich V. G. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Investigation of the root cementum ultrastructure in chronic generalized periodontitis is still relevant as changes in structure and composition of root cementum play a significant role in successful periodontal regeneration. Am is to study changes in the root cementum ultrastructure in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the cementum surface of 9 teeth extracted due to severe chronic generalized periodontitis and 3 teeth with a clinically healthy periodontium extracted for orthodontic reasons. 3D visualization of the received SEM images was performed.Results. The cementum of periodontally healthy teeth appeared homogeneous and regular,was covered in periodontal fibers and had a pebble-like or dome-shaped surface. In chronic periodontitis patients, the cementum surface was mostly irregular with multiple defects of various depth, areas of completely destroyed cementum, exposed dentinal tubules and a complete absence of periodontal fibers.Conclusion. Loss of periodontal attachment and root cementum exposure to microbial biofilm may result in irreversible structural changes of the surface which may affect the regeneration of clinical attachment.
The role of probiotics in correction of microbiocenosis and cytokine balance of the oral cavity of patient with chronic inflammatory disease of periodont
Authors: Ovcharenko E. S. , Erichev V. V. , Risovannij S. I. , Aksenova T. V. , Melekhov S. V. , Bagdasaryan N. P. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. A long-term inflammation in the oral cavity, unreasonable treatment of periodontal patients with antibiotics cause imbalance between certain types of fungal-bacterial associations accompanied by oral dysbiosis and change of local immune status. So, development and application of new comprehensive diagnosis and treatment techniques in periodontal patients, use of products for correction of microbiota and local immunity are a current and a long-term task. Purpose is to optimize the comprehensive treatment protocol of inflammatory periodontal diseases by introducing probiotics and evaluation of oral microbiome and cytokine profile.Materials and methods. 140 patients were examined. Of these 60 patients had chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and 60 patients suffered from moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. Bacterial and fungal microbiome was assessed and the host immune response was evaluated in all patients before and after the treatment. Half of the patients were treated conventionally and the other half were treated according to a modified scheme: probiotic “Bifidumbacterin Forte” was added.Results. A large number of yeast-like fungi Candida and commensal bacteria were detected in periodontal pockets of patients with chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. That correlates with a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL—8), decrease of concentration of INF-γ and increase of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-4.Conclusion. Changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological values during a modified combination therapy with a probiotic and during a conventional treatment demonstrated that effectiveness of treatment of chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis increased by 40% and 37% respectively.
A side property in the teeth and periodontium condition in big city residents discovered during epidemiological study according to visual and instrumental examination
Authors: Shchipskiy A. V. , Shakirova R. R. , Lekomtseva U. V. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Effective preventive programs cannot be developed without studying the issue using population epidemiological survey. Purpose – improving efficiency of dental diseases prevention basing on the information obtained during an epidemiological survey of Izhevsk citizens.Materials and methods. Visual and instrumental examination of teeth and periodontium was performed in 107 residents according to WHO criteria in representative age categories: n = 57 (63.3%) in the category from 35 to 44 years old; n = 50 (46.7%) - from 65 to 88 years; n = 83 (77.6%) women (54.9 ± 1.9 years); n = 24 (22.4%) men (53.7 ± 3.7 years). The study was random and voluntary, the conclusions are based on the results of statistical analysis.Results. Examination revealed that most of the intact teeth were located on the left side (n = 617; 51.0%) of the jaws. Examination confirmed the hypothesis that on the opposite side hygienically caused diseases of the teeth and gums should prevail. On the right side of the jaw carious teeth (n = 91; 53.2%), secondary absence of teeth (n = 482; 53.2%), bleeding gums (n = 166; 51.9%), pathological gingival pockets (n = 178; 59.5%) were more common. The observations complex (n = 49) showed significantly more often (p <0.01) priority of the right side (n = 31; 62.0%).Conclusion. The detected side property is not accidental. It occurs due to the varying effectiveness of individual hygiene. Most people are right-handed and the right side of their jaw requires more complex movements from their right hand. Permanent hygiene defects slowly turn into an additional cariogenic and periodonto pathogenic factor. The authors believe that informing right-handed (or left-handed by analogy) people about the need to control movements of their hand will help to balance the quality of hygiene on both sides of the jaws and make the teeth and periodontium diseases more rare.
The importance of daily care in prevention and treatment periodontal inflammation in adolescents
Authors: Zakirov T. V. , Brusnitsyna E. V. , Ioshchenko E. S. , Dimitrova Yu. V. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Changes were assessed in the clinical and laboratory parameters of the oral cavity in adolescents with plaqueinduced gingivitis when using toothpaste with 67% sodium bicarbonate.Materials and methods. Use of toothpaste with 67% sodium bicarbonate in 23 patients aged 16-19 years with plaque-induced gingivitis was investigated in a prospective randomized uncontrolled study. Questionnaire survey was performed. OHI-S, tongue coating index, PMA index, SBI were used to evaluate the condition of the oral cavity. Tooth shade was determined according to Bleachedguide 3D-Master and short-chain fatty acids in saliva were detected by chromatography.Results. One month use of the toothpaste revealed a significant improvement of oral hygiene by 24.56%, enamel brightening by 22.07%, decrease in the PMA index from 34.78 ± 7.89 to 22.96 ± 8.02, decrease in the sulcus bleeding index (SBI) from 1.57 ± 0.87 to 0.96 ± 0.81. Assessment of saliva short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) detected reduction of functional activity and number of commensal and pathogenic anaerobic microorganisms and restoration of normal microbiota. At the baseline, acetic acid amounted to 0.426 ± 0.078, propionic acid – 0.086 ± 0.019, butyric acid – 0.025 ± 0.005 mg/g. After the use of the toothpaste, the level of acetic and butyric acids insignificantly changed, to 0.625 ± 0.090 and 0.058 ± 0.098 mg/g respectively. According to the questionnaire survey (on a 1 to 5 scale), the score of consumer-perceived properties of toothpaste with 67% sodium bicarbonate was 4.1 ± 1.0 for taste and 4.5 ± 0.8 for cleaning properties.Conclusion. Investigation of clinical and laboratory parameters of the oral cavity in adolescents with plaque-induced gingivitis in use of toothpaste with 67% sodium bicarbonate showed that the toothpaste has good cleaning, anti-inflammatory, brightening and hemostatic properties. Biochemical analysis of saliva demonstrated recovery of normal values for short-chain fatty acids.