bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anconeus muscle injury in a juvenile greyhound
Authors: Schaaf Olaf R. , Roennfeldt‐Philp Tyler , Webster Natalie S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report anconeus muscle injury in a greyhound.AnimalOne 11‐month‐old female greyhound.Study designCase reportMethodsThe dog presented with a 6‐week history of mild left foreleg lameness. Moderate pain was noted by palpation over the proximolateral ulna and distolateral humerus and by maximal elbow flexion. A laminar periosteal reaction on the caudodistal humerus was present on radiographs. At ultrasonic examination, disorganization of anconeus muscle fibers, and focal mixed echogenicity were noted. Precontrast and postcontrast computed tomography (CT) revealed a thin rim of periosteal new bone on the caudodistal humerus as well as heterogeneous contrast enhancement of soft tissue immediately caudal to the distal humerus. An unrelated greyhound cadaver dissection confirmed only the anconeus muscle attached to the site of noted periosteal reaction. A partial tear of the anconeus muscle was diagnosed. Treatment consisted of 4 weeks of oral meloxicam. Confinement space and exercise were incrementally increased over 14 weeks.ResultsMuscle healing was confirmed by ultrasonography and CT. The dog was able to have a successful racing career spanning 2 years with no lameness attributable to the previous anconeus muscle injury and retired for unrelated reasons.ConclusionRadiography and ultrasonography helped diagnose anconeal muscle injury, and conservative management led to full return to function.Clinical significanceClinicians should include anconeus muscle injury as a differential diagnosis in dogs with lameness and pain over the proximolateral ulna or distolateral humerus or on elbow flexion.
Diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography for assessing surgical margins of canine soft tissue sarcomas in observers of different specialties
Authors: Dornbusch Josephine A. , Selmic Laura E. , Huang Pin‐Chieh , Samuelson Jonathan P. , McLaughlin Eric M. , Wavreille Vincent A. , Ogden Jessica A. , Abrams Brittany , Kalamaras Alex , Green Eric , Hostnik Eric T. , Every Lincoln , Fuerst Jason A. , Jennings Ryan , Premanandan Christopher , Lorbach Joshua N. , Linn Sarah C. , Alex Aneesh , Sorrells Janet E. , Yang Lingxiao , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess surgical margins of canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and determine the influence of observer specialty and training.Study designBlinded clinical prospective study.AnimalsTwenty‐five dogs undergoing surgical excision of STS.MethodsIn vivo and ex vivo surgical margins were imaged with OCT after tumor resection. Representative images and videos were used to generate a training presentation and data sets. These were completed by 16 observers of four specialties (surgery, radiology, pathology, and OCT researchers). Images and videos from data sets were classified as cancerous or noncancerous.ResultsThe overall sensitivity and specificity were 88.2% and 92.8%, respectively, for in vivo tissues and 82.5% and 93.3%, respectively, for ex vivo specimens. The overall accurate classification for all specimens was 91.4% in vivo and 89.5% ex vivo. There was no difference in accuracy of interpretation of OCT imaging by observers of different specialties or experience levels.ConclusionUse of OCT to accurately assess surgical margins after STS excision was associated with a high sensitivity and specificity among various specialties. Personnel of all specialties and experience levels could effectively be trained to interpret OCT imaging.Clinical significanceOptical coherence tomography can be used by personnel of different specialty experience levels and from various specialties to accurately identify canine STS in vivo and ex vivo after a short training session. These encouraging results provide evidence to justify further research to assess the ability of OCT to provide real‐time assessments of surgical margins and its applicability to other neoplasms.
APPLICABILITY AND USABILITY OF PREDEFINED NATURAL LANGUAGE BOILERPLATES IN DOCUMENTING REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Ibrahim Noraini , Wan Kadir Wan M. N. , Deris Safaai , Abd Halim Shahliza 
Published: September 2020

Natural language is frequently applied to document the stakeholders’ statements during requirement elicitation activities. Nevertheless, the use of generic natural language has potential for the issues of unclear and inconsistent requirements. These issues may result from the diverse interpretations by the stakeholders or other various sources of documents and artefacts. The main objective of this paper was to discuss the definition and application of predefined boilerplates to specify the requirements in the form of natural language statements. The proposed boilerplates were defined and classified based on two main types of requirements, namely functional and non-functional (performance, constraints, and specific quality). Two methods have been applied to evaluate the research results; the applicability of the predefined boilerplates was demonstrated using two different case studies, and the usability aspect is evaluated through synthetic environment experimentation using human respondents. As a summary, the predefined boilerplates were found helpful, especially among novice requirement engineers to express and specify their requirements in a consistent manner and a standardized way, relatively able to improve the quality of the natural language statements.
A WEAKLY HARD SCHEDULING APPROACH OF PARTITIONED SCHEDULING ON MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEMS
Authors: Ismail Habibah , N. A. Jawawi Dayang 
Published: September 2020

Real-time systems or tasks can be classified into three categories, based on the “seriousness” of deadline misses – hard, soft and weakly hard real-time tasks. The consequences of a deadline miss of a hard real-time task can be prohibitively expensive because all the tasks must meet their deadlines whereas soft real-time tasks tolerate “some” deadline misses. Meanwhile, in a weakly hard real-time task, the distribution of its met and missed deadlines is stated and specified precisely. As real-time application systems increasingly come to be implemented upon multiprocessor environments, thus, this study applies multiprocessor scheduling approach for verification of weakly hard real-time tasks and to guaranteeing the timing requirements of the tasks. In fact, within the multiprocessor, the task allocation problem seem even harder than in uniprocessor case; thus, in order to cater that problem, the sufficient and efficient scheduling algorithm supported by accurate schedulability analysis technique is present to provide weakly hard real-time guarantees. In this paper, a weakly hard scheduling approach has been proposed and schedulability analysis of proposed approach consists of the partitioned multiprocessor scheduling techniques with solutions for the bin-packing problem, called R-BOUND-MP-NFRNS (R-BOUND-MP with next-fit-ring noscaling) combining with the exact analysis, named hyperperiod analysis and deadline models; weakly hard constraints and µ-pattern under static priority scheduling. Then, Matlab simulation tool is used in order to validate the result of analysis. From the evaluation results, it can be proven that the proposed approach outperforms the existing approaches in terms of satisfaction of the tasks deadlines.
Magnetic field effects on natural convection and entropy generation of non-Newtonian fluids using multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Rahman Aimon , Nag Preetom , Molla Md. Mamun , Hassan Sheikh 
Published: September 2020

The magnetic field effect on natural convection flow of power-law (PL) non-Newtonian fluid has been studied numerically using the multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). A two-dimensional rectangular enclosure with differentially heated at two vertical sides has been considered for the computational domain. Numerical simulations have been conducted for different pertinent parameters such as Hartmann number, [Formula: see text], Rayleigh number, [Formula: see text], PL indices, [Formula: see text]–1.4, Prandtl number, [Formula: see text], to study the flow physics and heat transfer phenomena inside the rectangular enclosure of aspect-ratio [Formula: see text]. Numerical results show that the heat transfer rate, quantified by the average Nusselt number, is attenuated with increasing the magnetic field, i.e. the Hartmann number (Ha). However, the average Nusselt number is increased by increasing the Rayleigh number, [Formula: see text] and decreasing the PL index, [Formula: see text]. Besides, the generation of entropy for non-Newtonian fluid flow under the magnetic field effect has been investigated in this study. Results show that in the absence of a magnetic field, [Formula: see text], fluid friction and heat transfer irreversibilities, the total entropy generation decreases and increases with increasing [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. In the presence of the magnetic field, [Formula: see text], the fluid friction irreversibility tends to decrease with increasing both the shear-thinning and shear thickening effect. It is noteworthy that strengthening the magnetic field leads to pulling down the total entropy generation and its corresponding components. All simulations have been performed on the Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) using NVIDIA CUDA and employing the High-Performance Computing (HPC) facility.
The intersection of geoethics and diversity in the geosciences
Authors: Mogk David W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The geosciences (inclusive of geology, oceanography, atmospheric science and allied disciplines) have an ethical imperative to increase diversity in the profession. The diverse ways of exploring the Earth system, and the complexity of the grand challenges facing humanity living on Earth, require contributions of experience, skills, knowledge and motivations from diverse populations. Diversity increases creativity and problem-solving abilities in working groups, and ultimately is important for the long-term health of the geoscience discipline, for contributions that impact the health and security of society and for stewardship of the planet. Barriers and disincentives for people from underrepresented groups in the geosciences are identified, and interventions and remedies are recommended. Increasing diversity will take an all-discipline commitment by geoscientists and geoscience departments, companies and institutions. All people should have access and opportunity to pursue careers in the geosciences. Geoscientists have a responsibility to create work spaces that are welcoming, inclusive, safe and supportive.
Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction and Acute Kidney Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Huang Wei , Lobanova Iryna , Hanley Daniel F. , Hsu Chung Y. , Malhotra Kunal , Steiner Thorsten , Suarez Jose I. , Toyoda Kazunori , Yamamoto Haruko ,   on behalf of Antihypertensive Treatment of Cerebral Hemorrhage 2 Trial Investigators
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
We determined the rates and predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal adverse events (AEs), and effects of AKI and renal AEs on death or disability in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods:
We analyzed data from a multicenter trial which randomized 1000 intracerebral hemorrhage patients with initial systolic blood pressure ≥180 mm Hg to intensive (goal 110–139 mm Hg) over standard (goal 140–179 mm Hg) systolic blood pressure reduction within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. AKI was identified by serial assessment of daily serum creatinine for 3 days post randomization.

Results:
AKI and renal AEs were observed in 149 patients (14.9%) and 65 patients (6.5%) among 1000 patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the higher baseline serum creatinine (≥110 μmol/L) was associated with AKI (odds ratio 2.4 [95% CI, 1.2–4.5]) and renal AEs (odds ratio 3.1 [95% CI, 1.2–8.1]). Higher area under the curve for intravenous nicardipine dose was associated with AKI (odds ratio 1.003 [95% CI, 1.001–1.005]) and renal AEs (odds ratio 1.003 [95% CI, 1.001–1.006]). There was a higher risk to death (relative risk 2.6 [95% CI, 1.6–4.2]) and death or disability (relative risk 1.5 [95% CI, 1.3–1.8]) at 90 days in patients with AKI but not in those with renal AEs.

Conclusions:
Intracerebral hemorrhage patients with higher baseline serum creatinine and those receiving higher doses of nicardipine were at higher risk for AKI and renal AEs. Occurrence of AKI was associated higher rates of death or disability at 3 months.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01176565.
Antiphospholipid Antibody and Recurrent Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kim Yerim , Kim Soo Young 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
Although aPLs (antiphospholipid antibodies) are associated with thrombotic events, especially in young patients, the role of aPLs in recurrent ischemic strokes (RIS) is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between aPLs and RIS.

Methods:
The systematic review was conducted by a computer-assisted search of literature in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library published in English or Korean from 1990, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA). Review Manager 5.3 software was used for statistical analyses.

Results:

Of the 2272 identified articles, 8 studies were included (2510 subjects; 844 aPL positive). The meta-analysis revealed a relative risk of aPLs for RIS of 1.41 (95% CI, 0.91–2.17;
I
2
=54%). In the subgroup analysis, age <50 years, ethnicity, and type of aPL did not increase the risk of RIS.

Conclusions:
We found that aPLs are not an independent predictor for RIS in adults. However, considering the nonstandardized disease criteria, further well-designed prospective trials should be considered to confirm these findings.
Poor outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension with insufficient response to phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors alone or in combination with other specific therapy: a registry‐based study
Authors: Hjalmarsson Clara , Butler Oisin , Hesselstrand Roger , Holl Katsiaryna , Jansson Kjell , Klok Rogier , Rådegran Göran , Söderberg Stefan , Kjellström Barbro 
Published: September 2020

Phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors are commonly used in pulmonary arterial hypertension but, as suggested by the RESPITE study, phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor therapy (mono‐/combination) does not always have a satisfactory treatment effect. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients not at treatment goal after at least 90 days of treatment with phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors, alone or in combination with other pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies. The study included 106 incident patients from the Swedish Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Registry, treated with phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors for ≥90 days, who were not at a pre‐specified treatment goal, i.e. in World Health Organisation functional class III, with 6‐min walking distance 165–440 m, and N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide >300 ng/L. Changes in World Health Organisation functional class, 6‐min walking distance, N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, and risk group between index and follow‐up were assessed. Of patients with complete follow‐up data, (n = 53) 77% were on combination therapy and risk assessment yielded 98% at intermediate risk at index. At follow‐up, 11 patients transitioned from World Health Organisation functional class III to World Health Organisation functional class II, the median (Q1; Q3) change in 6‐min walking distance was 6 (−30; 42) meters and in N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide 47 (−410; 603) ng/L, while 89% remained at an intermediate risk. Of those without complete follow‐up data, 11 patients died and 2 underwent lung transplantation. In conclusion, pulmonary arterial hypertension patients treated with phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors, as single or combination therapy and not achieving the pre‐specified treatment goals after ≥90 days have an unfavourable clinical course.
Towards formal models of psychopathological traits that explain symptom trajectories
Authors: Sharp Paul B. , Miller Gregory A. , Dolan Raymond J. , Eldar Eran 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
A dominant methodology in contemporary clinical neuroscience is the use of dimensional self-report questionnaires to measure features such as psychological traits (e.g., trait anxiety) and states (e.g., depressed mood). These dimensions are then mapped to biological measures and computational parameters.
Researchers pursuing this approach tend to equate a symptom inventory score (plus noise) with some latent psychological trait.

Main text
We argue this approach implies weak, tacit, models of traits that provide fixed predictions of individual symptoms, and thus cannot account for symptom trajectories within individuals. This problem persists because (1) researchers are not familiarized with formal models that relate internal traits to within-subject symptom variation and (2) rely on an assumption that trait self-report inventories accurately indicate latent traits. To address these concerns, we offer a computational model of trait depression that demonstrates how parameters instantiating a given trait remain stable while manifest symptom expression varies predictably. We simulate patterns of mood variation from both the computational model and the standard self-report model and describe how to quantify the relative validity of each model using a Bayesian procedure.

Conclusions
Ultimately, we would urge a tempering of a reliance on self-report inventories and recommend a shift towards developing mechanistic trait models that can explain within-subject symptom dynamics.
Pembrolizumab- and ipilimumab-induced diabetic ketoacidosis and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency: a case report
Authors: Porntharukchareon Thachanun , Tontivuthikul Borwonkhun , Sintawichai Nattaya , Srichomkwun Panudda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Several human monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoints, including T lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death protein 1, have been implemented for cancer treatment in order to promote effector T cell response to tumors. Despite the antitumor activity of these agents, a significant number of patients demonstrated immune-related adverse events that affected the functions of multiple organs, including the endocrine system. We report the first case of immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced simultaneous diabetic ketoacidosis and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency following combination treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old Thai man with no previous history of diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with stage IVB non–small cell lung with pleural and liver metastases. After 14 weeks of combination treatment with pembrolizumab and ipilimumab, he presented with fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Laboratory investigation revealed random plasma glucose 794 mg/dl, serum ketone 6.3 mmol/L, bicarbonate 13 mmol/L, and high anion gap 24 mmol/L. New-onset diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis were diagnosed. Insulin therapy was initiated a favorable outcome within 10 hours. Despite improvement of hyperglycemia, the patient had persistent nausea and hyponatremia. Further investigation revealed cortisol 0.8 μg/dl and adrenocorticotropic hormone 21.7 pg/ml. His other pituitary hormone levels were normal, except for mild elevation of gonadotropin hormone. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary showed a normal pituitary gland. Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency was diagnosed, and corticosteroid replacement therapy was administered, resulting in an improvement of his symptoms.

Conclusion
Our patient developed new-onset diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency during cancer treatment with pembrolizumab and ipilimumab. The present case highlights the need for physicians to be aware that immune-related adverse events can occur in multiple organs at the same time.
Rising Drug Costs for Neurologic Diseases
Authors: Crowell Jason L. , Burns Ted M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe cost of prescription drugs in the United States is rising like never before and has led to an inflection point where clinicians must consider the potential financial damage to the patient and to society related to the more expensive drugs available. Many of the highest-priced drugs are approved asorphan drugs,a legally defined status providing additional benefits to pharmaceutical companies that is intended to incentivize therapeutic development for rare diseases. The Orphan Drug Act has been a great success since it was enacted in 1983, resulting in the development of many innovative, life-changing, and even lifesaving drugs; however, high drug prices place patients at risk for personal bankruptcy, prescription abandonment, and higher rates of hospitalization. These negative consequences have become more widespread and severe because some companies exploit pricing via the market exclusivity granted to them under the provisions of the Orphan Drug Act. As more and more companies develop these drugs, the cost to society increases as does the capacity to tolerate unjustified prices. The societal effects of drug pricing must be considered through the prism of opportunity costs; that is, what benefit is lost by choosing to spend on one thing instead of another. Clinical- and economic-based analyses from independent groups such as the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review can help physicians understand the value of drugs (ie, the benefits relative to cost). When prescribing a high-priced medication, clinicians should discuss the drug’s value and the associated opportunity cost with patients and have an open discussion about patients’ ability to financially tolerate the treatment.