bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The land plant‐specific MIXTA‐MYB lineage is implicated in the early evolution of the plant cuticle and the colonization of land
Authors: Xu Bo , Taylor Lin , Pucker Boas , Feng Tao , Glover Beverley J. , Brockington Samuel F. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

The evolution of a lipid‐based cuticle on aerial plant surfaces that protects against dehydration is considered a fundamental innovation in the colonization of the land by the green plants. However, key evolutionary steps in the early regulation of cuticle synthesis are still poorly understood, owing to limited studies in early‐diverging land plant lineages.

Here, we characterize a land plant specific subgroup 9 R2R3 MYB transcription factor MpSBG9, in the early‐diverging land plant model Marchantia polymorpha, that is homologous to MIXTA proteins in vascular plants.

The MpSBG9 functions as a key regulator of cuticle biosynthesis by preferentially regulating expression of orthologous genes for cutin formation, but not wax biosynthesis genes. The MpSBG9 also promotes the formation of papillate cells on the adaxial surface of M. polymorpha, which is consisitent with its canonical role in vascular plants.

Our observations imply conserved MYB transcriptional regulation in the control of the cutin biosynthesis pathway as a core genetic network in the common ancestor of all land plants, implicating the land plant‐specific MIXTA MYB lineage in the early origin and evolution of the cuticle.
Surgical complications in pediatric kidney transplantation—Incidence, risk factors, and effects on graft survival: A retrospective single‐center study
Authors: Beetz Oliver , Weigle Clara A. , Nogly Rabea , Klempnauer Jürgen , Pape Lars , Richter Nicolas , Vondran Florian W. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe field of pediatric kidney transplantation remains challenging due to an ongoing lack of size‐matched grafts and anatomical peculiarities. In the current study, we investigated the incidence of surgical complications in pediatric recipients, with a focus on risk factors and effects on graft outcome. We retrospectively reviewed all 2386 kidney transplantations at our institution from January 2005 until December 2018. Of these, 221 transplants were performed in pediatric recipients, defined as under the age of 18 years. Donor‐recipient body surface area ratios were calculated to evaluate the effects of size mismatching. Regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for surgical complications and graft survival, respectively. Perioperative surgical complications requiring revision were observed in 34 (15.4%) cases. Leading cause for revision were vascular complications such as thrombosis or stenosis (n = 15 [6.8%]), which were significantly more frequent in case of young donors, (ie, donor age <6 years; OR: 4.281; CI‐95%:1.385‐13.226; P = .012), previous nephrectomy (OR: 3.407; CI‐95%:1.019‐11.387; P = .046), and en‐bloc grafts (OR: 4.923; CI‐95%:1.355‐17.884; P = .015), followed by postoperative hemorrhage (n = 10 [4.5%]), ureteral complications (n = 8 [3.6%]), and lymphoceles (n = 7 [3.2%]). Median follow‐up was 84.13 (0.92‐175.72) months. One‐, 5‐, and 10‐year graft survival rates were 97.1%, 88.9%, and 65.1%, respectively. Except for vascular complications (HR: 4.727; CI‐95%:1.363‐16.394; P = .014), none of the analyzed surgical morbidities significantly influenced graft survival. In conclusion, pediatric kidney transplantation achieves excellent long‐term results. However, meticulous surgical technique and continuous postoperative monitoring are imperative for early detection and treatment of imminent vascular complications, especially in case of young donors and en‐bloc grafts.
What Influences Work Engagement Among Registered Nurses: Implications for Evidence‐Based Action
Authors: Pericak Arlene , Hogg Cameron W. , Skalsky Kris , Bourdeanu Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies evaluating work engagement of nurses revealed work‐related factors and nurse demographics affecting work engagement. Low work engagement yields a decrease in productivity, high turnover, loss of revenue, and, most importantly, patient safety concerns.AimTo investigate the relationship between nurse‐related and work‐related variables associated with work engagement and provide a model that explains work engagement.MethodThis study employed an observational, cross‐sectional study design, with 201 registered nurses working in acute care hospitals in the United States participating in the study. Four work‐related and five nurse‐related variables were evaluated and used in the work engagement model. A standard multiple regression was performed using the work‐ and nurse‐related factors regressed onto work engagement. Structural equation model procedures were performed to examine the association between predictive variables and work engagement.ResultsOf the 201 participants, just over a third of the participants were over 50 years of age (33.5%), female (91.6%), married (68%), had a bachelor of science in nursing (58.1%), and have been a nurse <5 years (42.4%). Five of the variables were found to make a unique statistically significant contribution to the variance in work engagement, age (β = .31, p = .001), workload (β = .30, p < .001), Core Self‐Evaluation Scale (β = 0 .22, p = .002), Coping with Change Scale (β = .20, p = .001), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)‐General Scale score (β = −.17, p = .03). The work engagement model indicated a satisfactory overall model fit of the model (GFI = .996; χ2 (2, N = 201) = 4.02, p = .135; RMSEA = .07; CFI = .983; NFI = .976).Linking Evidence to ActionThe results of this study confirm a work engagement model that incorporates both nurse‐ and work‐related factors. Overall, the results indicate that the level of work engagement is predicted more by nurse‐related factors than by work‐related factors.
Toward a Big Data-Based Approach: A Review on Degradation Models for Prognosis of Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Prakash Guru , Yuan Xian-Xun , Hazra Budhaditya , Mizutani Daijiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSafety and reliability of large critical infrastructure such as long-span bridges, high-rise buildings, nuclear power plants, high-voltage transmission towers, rotating machinery, and so on, are important for a modern society. Research on reliability and safety analysis started with a “small data” problem dealing with relative scarce lifetime or failure data. Later, degradation modeling that uses performance deterioration, or, condition data collected from in-service inspections or online health monitoring became an important tool for reliability prediction and maintenance planning of highly reliable engineering systems. Over the past decades, a large number of degradation models have been developed to characterize and quantify the underlying degradation mechanism using direct and indirect measurements. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, remote sensing, big data analytics, and Internet of things are making far-reaching impacts on almost every aspect of our lives. The effect of these changes on the degradation modeling, prognosis, and safety management is interesting questions to explore. This paper presents a comprehensive, forward-looking review of the various degradation models and their practical applications to damage prognosis and management of critical infrastructure. The degradation models are classified into four categories: physics-based, knowledge-based, data-driven, and hybrid approaches.
Trial of remote ischaemic preconditioning in vascular cognitive impairment (TRIC-VCI): protocol
Authors: Ganesh Aravind , Barber Philip , Black Sandra E , Corbett Dale , Field Thalia S , Frayne Richard , Hachinski Vladimir , Ismail Zahinoor , Mai Lauren M , McCreary Cheryl R , Sahlas Demetrios , Sharma Mukul , Swartz Richard H , Smith Eric E 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) accounts for 20%–25% of strokes and is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). In an animal VCI model, inducing brief periods of limb ischaemia-reperfusion reduces subsequent ischaemic brain injury with remote and local protective effects, with hindlimb remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) improving cerebral blood flow, decreasing white-matter injury and improving cognition. Small human trials suggest RIC is safe and may prevent recurrent strokes. It remains unclear what doses of chronic daily RIC are tolerable and safe, whether effects persist after treatment cessation, and what parameters are optimal for treatment response.Methods and analysisThis prospective, open-label, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with blinded end point assessment and run-in period, will recruit 24 participants, randomised to one of two RIC intensity groups: one arm treated once daily or one arm twice daily for 30 consecutive days. RIC will consistent of 4 cycles of blood pressure cuff inflation to 200 mm Hg for 5 min followed by 5 min deflation (total 35 min). Selection criteria include: age 60–85 years, evidence of cSVD on brain CT/MRI, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 13–24 and preserved basic activities of living. Outcomes will be assessed at 30 days and 90 days (60 days after ceasing treatment). The primary outcome is adherence (completing ≥80% of sessions). Secondary safety/tolerability outcomes include the per cent of sessions completed and pain/discomfort scores from patient diaries. Efficacy outcomes include changes in cerebral blood flow (per arterial spin-label MRI), white-matter hyperintensity volume, diffusion tensor imaging, MoCA and Trail-Making tests.Ethics and disseminationResearch Ethics Board approval has been obtained. The results will provide information on feasibility, dose, adherence, tolerability and outcome measures that will help design a phase IIb RCT of RIC, with the potential to prevent VCI. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, organisations and meetings.Trial registration numberNCT04109963.
Public perception of COVID-19 management and response in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Oleribe Obinna , Ezechi Oliver , Osita-Oleribe Princess , Olawepo Olatayo , Musa Adesola Z , Omoluabi Anddy , Fertleman Michael , Salako Babatunde L , Taylor-Robinson Simon D 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesA study designed to assess the public perception of the response of government and its institutions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.SettingSelf-selecting participants throughout Nigeria completed a self-administered questionnaire through an online cross-sectional survey.Participants495.ResultsThe majority of respondents were married (76.6%), were males (61.8%), had tertiary level education (91.0%), were public servants (36.8%), Christians (82.6%), and resident either in the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) (49.1%) or in the South-East Region of Nigeria (36.6%). Over 95% of the respondents had heard of COVID-19 (98.8%) and knew it is a viral disease (95.4%). The government and its institutions response to the pandemic were rated as poor, with the largest rating as poor for Federal President’s Office (57.5%). Communication (50.0%) and prevention messages (43.7%) received the highest perception good rating. Female respondents and those less than 40 years generally rated the governmental responses as poor.Conclusions/recommendationsIt is recommended that as a public–private partnership approached was efficiently used to more effectively disseminate public health communication and prevention messages, the Nigerian Government should expand this collaboration to improve the quality of services provided in other areas of COVID-19 outbreak management.
Early palliative care in haematological patients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Tanzi Silvia , Venturelli Francesco , Luminari Stefano , Merlo Franco Domenico , Braglia Luca , Bassi Chiara , Costantini Massimo 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEarly palliative care together with standard haematological care for advanced patients is needed worldwide. Little is known about its effect. The aim of the review is to synthesise the evidence on the impact of early palliative care on haematologic cancer patients’ quality of life and resource use.Patients and methodsA systematic review was conducted. The search terms were early palliative care or simultaneous or integrated or concurrent care and haematological or oncohaematological patients. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINHAL and Scopus. Additional studies were identified through cross-checking the reference articles. Studies were in the English language, with no restriction for years. Two researchers independently reviewed the titles and abstracts, and one author assessed full articles for eligibility.ResultsA total of 296 studies titles were reviewed. Eight articles were included in the synthesis of the results, two controlled studies provided data on the comparative efficacy of PC interventions, and six one-arm studies were included. Since data pooling and meta-analysis were not possible, only a narrative synthesis of the study results was performed. The quality of the two included comparative studies was low overall. The quality of the six non-comparative studies was high overall, without the possibility of linking the observed results to the implemented interventions.ConclusionsStudies on early palliative care and patients with haematological cancer are scarce and have not been prospectively designed. More research on the specific population target, type and timing of palliative care intervention and standardisation of collected outcomes is required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020141322.
The Impact of Peltier and Dufour Coefficients on Heat Fluxes and Temperature Profiles in the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Sauermoser Marco , Kjelstrup Signe , Pollet Bruno G. 
Published: October 2020

We show that the coupling effects in non-equilibrium thermodynamics for heat-, mass- and charge- transport in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) all give significant contributions to local heat effects. The set of equations was solved by modifying an open-source 1D fuel cell algorithm. The entropy balance was used to check for model consistency. The balance was obeyed within 10% error in all PEMFC layers, except for the cathode backing. The Dufour effect/thermal diffusion and the Peltier/Seebeck coefficient are commonly neglected. Here they are included systematically. The model was used to compute heat fluxes out of the cell. A temperature difference of 5 K between the left and right boundary of the system could change the heat fluxes up to 44%. The Dufour effect, for instance, increases the temperature of both anode and cathode, up to 9 K. The possibility to accurately predict local heat effects can be important for the design of fuel cell stacks, where intermediate cooling is central. This work is based on Paper 1484 presented at the Atlanta, Georgia, Meeting of the Society, October 13–17, 2019.
Institutionalizing Financial Cooperation in East Asia
Authors: Grimes William W. , Kring William N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since the 1997 Asian financial crisis, East Asia’s ASEAN+3 states have built the second-largest regional emergency liquidity fund in the world, the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM). With a total commitment of $ 240 billion to aid member states facing a currency crisis, CMIM can provide more funds to members than the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Nonetheless, CMIM continues to be functionally subordinate to IMF decisions. This may now be changing following the 2011 creation of the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO) as a regional mechanism to manage surveillance and design of CMIM lending programs. The ability to delegate surveillance and program design to an independent body is a crucial prerequisite to ending CMIM’s subordination to the IMF, and AMRO seeks to ensure such autonomy through its institutional design. This article analyzes AMRO’s progress toward autonomy, using indicators of effective delegation drawn from organizational theory and newly available information and data on AMRO.
Asymmetric Rainband Processes Leading to Secondary Eyewall Formation in a Model Simulation of Hurricane Matthew (2016)
Authors: Yu Chau-Lam , Didlake Anthony C. , Zhang Fuqing , Nystrom Robert G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of an asymmetric rainband complex leading into secondary eyewall formation (SEF) are examined in a simulation of Hurricane Matthew (2016), with particular focus on the tangential wind field evolution. Prior to SEF, the storm experiences an axisymmetric broadening of the tangential wind field as a stationary rainband complex in the downshear quadrants intensifies. The axisymmetric acceleration pattern that causes this broadening is an inward-descending structure of positive acceleration nearly 100 km wide in radial extent and maximizes in the low levels near 50 km radius. Vertical advection from convective updrafts in the downshear-right quadrant largely contributes to the low-level acceleration maximum, while the broader inward-descending pattern is due to horizontal advection within stratiform precipitation in the downshear-left quadrant. This broad slantwise pattern of positive acceleration is due to a mesoscale descending inflow (MDI) that is driven by midlevel cooling within the stratiform regions and draws absolute angular momentum inward. The MDI is further revealed by examining the irrotational component of the radial velocity, which shows the MDI extending downwind into the upshear-left quadrant. Here, the MDI connects with the boundary layer, where new convective updrafts are triggered along its inner edge; these new upshear-left updrafts are found to be important to the subsequent axisymmetrization of the low-level tangential wind maximum within the incipient secondary eyewall.
Prospective study of association of characteristics of hotline psychological intervention in 778 high-risk callers with subsequent suicidal act
Authors: Tong Yongsheng , Conner Kenneth R , Wang Cuiling , Yin Yi , Zhao Liting , Wang Yuehua , Liu Yue 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association of the quality scores of hotline psychological intervention and the reduction of subsequent suicidal acts among high suicidal risk callers. Methods: High-risk callers at a national crisis hotline service in China were recruited and prospectively followed for up to 3 months after receiving a hotline psychological intervention. The quality of the intervention was evaluated by supervisors who listened to the tape-recorded calls using the Counseling Skills Rating Scale for Psychological Support Hotlines, which assessed three counseling domains: process, attitude and communication skill. The primary outcome was the occurrence of suicidal acts during the follow-up period. Secondary outcomes were before versus after changes during the intake intervention call in hopefulness, psychological stress and suicide intention reported by the callers. Results: Over the 3-month follow-up, 45 of 778 high-risk callers reported 61 suicide attempts, and 3 other callers died by suicide. Subsequent suicidal act was significantly more common in callers classified as being at higher risk during the intake call. Higher scores on the quality of suicidality assessing of the Counseling Skills Rating Scale for Psychological Support Hotlines were associated with reduced risk of suicidal acts during follow-up (hazard ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval = [0.18, 0.85]). Higher scores on the communication skill domain were associated with increases in hopefulness (β = 0.09) after the intervention, and higher scores on the counseling process domain (β = −0.12) and higher suicidal risk scores (β = −0.12) were associated with decreased suicide intention after intervention. Conclusion: Several characteristics of a hotline intervention for suicide prevention were associated with decreased risk of suicidal acts during follow-up. Intervention skill training for hotline operators should emphasize these specific counseling skills.
Ustekinumab dose escalation improves clinical responses in refractory Crohn’s disease
Authors: Haider Syedreza A. , Yadav Abhijeet , Perry Courtney , Su Leon , Akanbi Olalekan , Kudaravalli Praneeth , Tripathi Nishant , Hashim Mahmoud A. , Abdelsalam Mohammed , Hussein Mohamed , Elkheshen Ahmed , Patel Vihang , Ali Saad Emhmed , Lamb Latoya , Ingram Karen , Mayne Casie , Stuffelbeam Amy B. , Flomenhoft Deborah , Stromberg Arnold , Barrett Terrence A. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Clinicians often utilize off-label dose escalation of ustekinumab (UST) in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with disease refractory to standard dosing. Previous studies report mixed results with dose escalation of UST. Methods: A retrospective observational study of 143 adult patients with CD receiving UST over a 33-month time period was conducted. Patients receiving UST at standard dosage for a minimum of 16 weeks were included in the analysis. Primary outcomes collected were clinical response [Physician Global Assessment Score (PGA) by >1] and remission (PGA = 0). Changes in clinical parameters were calculated for dose-escalated patients beginning with the time of dose switch (~42 weeks) and compared with a group of patients who were classified as “failing” standard dosing at 42 weeks who were not dose escalated. Results: Dose escalation improved PGA by 0.47 ± 0.19 compared with patients remaining on every 8 weeks dosing (Q8 week), who worsened by 0.23 ± 0.23 ( p < 0.05). Dose escalation decreased CRP 0.33 ± 0.19 mg/L and increased serum albumin 0.23 ± 0.06 g/dL ( p < 0.05). Surprisingly, disease duration and prior CD surgeries inversely correlated with the need for dose escalation. Conclusion: Our results support UST Q4 week dose escalation for selected CD patients who fail to achieve remission on standard Q8 week dosing. Dose escalation improves clinical outcomes, prevents worsening disease severity, and positively impacts CRP and albumin levels. Together these data indicate that clinicians should attempt Q4 week UST dosing in refractory CD patients before switching to an alternative class of biologic therapy.
CoGAPS 3: Bayesian non-negative matrix factorization for single-cell analysis with asynchronous updates and sparse data structures
Authors: Sherman Thomas D. , Gao Tiger , Fertig Elana J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Bayesian factorization methods, including Coordinated Gene Activity in Pattern Sets (CoGAPS), are emerging as powerful analysis tools for single cell data. However, these methods have greater computational costs than their gradient-based counterparts. These costs are often prohibitive for analysis of large single-cell datasets. Many such methods can be run in parallel which enables this limitation to be overcome by running on more powerful hardware. However, the constraints imposed by the prior distributions in CoGAPS limit the applicability of parallelization methods to enhance computational efficiency for single-cell analysis.

Results
We developed a new software framework for parallel matrix factorization in Version 3 of the CoGAPS R/Bioconductor package to overcome the computational limitations of Bayesian matrix factorization for single cell data analysis. This parallelization framework provides asynchronous updates for sequential updating steps of the algorithm to enhance computational efficiency. These algorithmic advances were coupled with new software architecture and sparse data structures to reduce the memory overhead for single-cell data.

Conclusions
Altogether our new software enhance the efficiency of the CoGAPS Bayesian matrix factorization algorithm so that it can analyze 1000 times more cells, enabling factorization of large single-cell data sets.