bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and structural genetic variation in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) associated with the pastoral transition in Northwestern Siberia
Authors: Røed Knut H. , Kvie Kjersti S. , Losey Robert J. , Kosintsev Pavel A. , Hufthammer Anne K. , Dwyer Mark J. , Goncharov Vasiliy , Klokov Konstantin B. , Arzyutov Dmitry V. , Plekhanov Andrei , Anderson David G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJust as the domestication of livestock is often cited as a key element in the Neolithic transition to settled, the emergence of large‐scaled reindeer husbandry was a fundamental social transformation for the indigenous peoples of Arctic Eurasia. To better understand the history of reindeer domestication, and the genetic processes associated with the pastoral transition in the Eurasian Arctic, we analyzed archaeological and contemporary reindeer samples from Northwestern Siberia. The material represents Rangifer genealogies spanning from 15,000 years ago to the 18th century, as well as modern samples from the wild Taĭmyr population and from domestic herds managed by Nenetses. The wild and the domestic population are the largest populations of their kind in Northern Eurasia, and some Nenetses hold their domestic reindeer beside their wild cousins. Our analyses of 197 modern and 223 ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed two genetic clusters, which are interpreted as representing the gene pools of contemporary domestic and past wild reindeer. Among a total of 137 different mitochondrial haplotypes identified in both the modern and archaeological samples, only 21 were detected in the modern domestic gene pool, while 11 of these were absent from the wild gene pool. The significant temporal genetic shift that we associate with the pastoral transition suggests that the emergence and spread of reindeer pastoralism in Northwestern Siberia originated with the translocation and subsequent selective breeding of a special type of animal from outside the region. The distinct and persistent domestic characteristics of the haplotype structure since the 18th century suggests little genetic exchange since then. The absence of the typical domestic clade in modern nearby wild populations suggests that the contemporary Nenets domestic breed feature an ancestry from outside its present main distribution, possibly from further South.
Finite element analysis method for electromagnetic induction to telecommunication line by MAGLEV train
Authors: Tokuda Masamitsu , Sakai Yoshimasa , Yarita Junki , Nishikata Atsuhiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhen a magnetic levitation rail carrying a superconducting coil moves at high speed, an electromagnetic induction voltage is generated in the surrounding telecommunication line due to Faraday's electromagnetic induction. This phenomenon is analyzed by AC/DC module of COMSOL multiphysics. The telecommunication line is modeled for a common mode flowing in a loop between the telecommunication line and the ground. As a result, we devise a method to calculate the induced voltage to the telecommunication line loop by differentiating in position the position dependency of the superconducting coil with respect to the magnetic flux linking the telecommunication line loop. In addition, to confirm the validity of the calculation method in COMSOL, we compare flux linkages for a model on the ground surface and a model in the complete free space, and also compare the results calculated with MATLAB by modeling with a lumped constant circuit and the results calculated with COMSOL.
CuO Nanostructures Based Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Buledi Jamil A. , Ameen Sidra , Khand Nadir H. , Solangi Amber R. , Taqvi Iqleem H. , Agheem Muhammad H. , Wajdan Zahid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA simple, sensitive and reliable electrochemical sensor has been developed based on CuO nanostructures modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and ascorbic acid (AA). The CuO nano material was synthesized by aqueous chemical growth method using different sources of OH. The characterization of nano material was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The glassy carbon electrode was modified by CuO nano material using drop cast method and studied by cyclic voltammetry. The CuO/GCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidations of HQ and AA in borate buffer solution (pH 8.0) and the corresponding electrochemical signals have appeared as two well resolved oxidation peaks with significant peak potential differences of (0.21V vs. Ag/AgCl). Differential pulse voltammetry was used for simultaneous determination of HQ and AA using the CuO/GCE. At the optimum conditions, for simultaneous determination by synchronous change of the analyte concentrations, the linear response ranges were between 0.0003–0.355 mM for HQ and 0.0001–0.30 mM for AA respectively. Furthermore, CuO/GCE was successfully applied for the independent determination of AA in fruit juices as well as for the simultaneous determination of HQ and AA in cosmetic samples.
Influence of Emission Sources and Tributaries on the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Micropollutant Mixtures and Associated Effects in a Small River
Authors: Müller Maximilian E. , Werneburg Martina , Glaser Clarissa , Schwientek Marc , Zarfl Christiane , Escher Beate I. , Zwiener Christian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Organic micropollutants of anthropogenic origin in river waters may impair aquatic ecosystem health and drinking water quality. To evaluate micropollutant fate and turnover on a catchment scale, information on input source characteristics as well as spatial and temporal variability is required. The influence of tributaries from agricultural and urban areas and the input of wastewater were investigated by grab and Lagrangian sampling under base flow conditions within a 7.7-km-long stretch of the Ammer River (southwest Germany) using target screening for 83 organic micropollutants and 4 in vitro bioassays with environmentally relevant modes of action. In total, 9 pesticides and transformation products, 13 pharmaceuticals, and 6 industrial and household chemicals were detected. Further, aryl hydrocarbon receptor induction, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor activity, estrogenicity, and oxidative stress response were measured in the river. The vast majority of the compounds and mixture effects were introduced by the effluent of a wastewater-treatment plant, which contributed 50% of the total flow rate of the river on the sampling day. The tributaries contributed little to the overall load of organic micropollutants and mixture effects because of their relatively low discharge but showed a different chemical and toxicological pattern from the Ammer River, though a comparison to effect-based trigger values pointed toward unacceptable surface water quality in the main stem and in some of the tributaries. Chemical analysis and in vitro bioassays covered different windows of analyte properties but reflected the same picture. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1382–1391. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Development of a numerically efficient approach based on coupled CFD/FEM analysis for virtual fire resistance tests—Part B: Deformation process of a steel structure
Authors: Prieler Rene , Gerhardter Hannes , Landfahrer Martin , Gaber Christian , Schluckner Christoph , Eichhorn‐Gruber Markus , Schwabegger Günther , Hochenauer Christoph 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn the present study, the structural analysis of a three‐parted steel door during a fire resistance test was examined by FEM simulation. The structural analysis is part of a coupled CFD/FEM simulation approach developed for the prediction of fire resistance tests. The basis of this follow‐up work was the calculated temperature in the test specimen from CFD to predict the thermal stresses, deformation and gap formation between the door parts. The spatial information of the temperature in the test specimen was exported. Subsequently, the thermal expansion of the door and the resulting stresses and gaps were calculated. To validate the FEM simulation, the deformation of the steel door was observed. It was found that the simulation predicted the deformation of the steel door in close accordance to the measurement. The maximum displacement was found in the centre of the construction with 141 mm, whereas the simulation predicted a value of 133 mm. In addition to the deformation of the door, also the prediction of the gap formation was validated against the flue gas leakage. The first flue gas exit occurred already after 120 seconds, which was in spatial and temporal conjunction with the maximum gap predicted in the simulation.
Effectiveness of community health workers in improving early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates in a low‐resource setting: A cluster‐randomized longitudinal study
Authors: Mituki‐Mungiria Dorothy , Tuitoek Prisca , Varpolatai Aniko , Ngotho Douglas , Kimani‐Murage Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLittle evidence exists in Kenya on the potential of community health workers (CHWs) in promoting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and early breastfeeding initiation (EBI) in resource‐restricted settings where very low EBF rates (2% to 12%) have been documented. The study utilized CHWs and assessed their effectiveness in promoting EBF and EBI. The cluster‐randomized longitudinal design was used and sixteen villages from Kiandutu Slum in Thika randomly assigned into either intervention group (IG) or comparison group (CG). Pregnant women attending Maternal Child Health (MCH) clinic were recruited. The IG received nutrition education sessions conducted by CHWs at home, two prenatally and six postnatally, plus the routine MCH care. The CG went through routine MCH care only. Infants feeding data were collected at 6, 10, 14, and 24 weeks postpartum by research assistants blinded to the intervention allocation. Differences in EBF and EBI in the two groups were tested using χ2 tests, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and generalized estimating equations. Of the 526 recruited in the study, 431 remained and were included in the analysis (IG = 176) and CG (225). The prevalence of EBF at 24 weeks was 45.3% in the IG compared with 15.0% in the CG, revealing a statistically significant difference log rank = 20.277, (1, n = 314) p < .001. The difference was not statistically significant in EBI prevalence between the IG (58.2%) and CG (60.3%; χ2 = 0.008, p = .928). The CHWs have potential effectiveness in promoting EBF but not EBI. The link between the health center and CHWs should be strengthened to promote EBF.
Establishment and characterization of a MALT lymphoma cell line carrying an API2‐MALT1 translocation
Authors: Izumi Kiyotaka , Nishikori Momoko , Yuan Hepei , Otsuka Yasuyuki , Nakao Kensuke , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMALT lymphomas with API2(BIRC3)‐MALT1 translocation usually have an indolent clinical course and rarely transform into aggressive lymphoma, and there have been no lymphoma cell lines carrying API2‐MALT1 translocation reported to date. We established a novel lymphoma cell line named BMA19, carrying the API2‐MALT1 translocation from a patient with histologic transformation of intestinal MALT lymphoma. The cells were suggested to carry API2‐MALT1 and MYC‐IGH translocations by chromosomal analysis, and these translocations were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. The expression of MYC was shown to be enhanced as a result of the MYC‐IGH translocation, and it is considered to have played a role in the histologic transformation of MALT lymphoma. Whole exome sequencing of BMA19 identified several nucleotide variations in genes reported to be mutated in previous studies of marginal zone lymphomas. The MALT1 inhibitor MI‐2 specifically decreased cell growth, and the BMA19 cell line was suggested to be still dependent on the API2‐MALT1 signal. Subtractive microarray analysis showed that one of the earliest events resulting from MALT1 inhibition is increased susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis. The BMA19 cell line is considered to conserve the biological properties of MALT lymphoma and is expected to be a valuable tool for research into the pathogenesis of MALT lymphoma with an API2‐MALT1 translocation.
Stair‐step tracheal repair: Surgical technique
Authors: Sims John R. , O'Malley Quinn F. , Spaulding Sarah L. , Yue Lauren E. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTypical surgical treatment for invasive thyroid carcinoma at the level of the cricoid substantially reduces surrounding cartilaginous support and risks damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). We present a novel tracheal reconstructive technique that minimizes this injury risk. A 72‐year‐old man with recurrent invasive thyroid carcinoma underwent cricotracheal resection and reconstruction using a stair‐step approach. Diseased cartilage was removed by a left hemitracheal and hemicricoid resection. A portion of normal trachea was also resected on the contralateral right side, removing the third and fourth hemitracheal rings, to close the defect with a sliding tracheoplasty and avoid dissection near the right cricothyroid joint on the side of the functioning RLN. The trachea was elevated superiorly and reanastomosed to the cut margin of the cricoid. This novel stair‐step approach to tracheal reconstruction offers reduced risk of injury to the contralateral RLN while still establishing a patent airway.
Bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, and esophagoscopy during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Reddy Priyanka D. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Deschler Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe United States now has the highest death toll due to COVID‐19. Many otolaryngology procedures, including laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy, place otolaryngologists at increased risk of coronavirus transmission due to close contact with respiratory droplets and aerosolization from the procedure. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of guidelines on how to perform these procedures during the coronavirus pandemic.MethodsLiterature review was performed. Articles citing laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy use with regard to COVID‐19 were included.ResultsLaryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy are all used in both emergent and elective situations. Understanding the risk stratification of cases and the varied necessity of personal protective equipment is important in protecting patients and health care workers.ConclusionsSummary guidelines based on the literature available at this time are presented in order to decrease transmission of the virus and protect those involved.
Clinical trials during COVID‐19
Authors: Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs this ever‐evolving pandemic lays itself, more of its impact is being understood. Until recently, most guidelines were reported to aid in managing and treating suspected or confirmed cases. Research institutions around the world are responding with a sense of confusion. Some are continuing routinely, especially those who are overseeing clinical trials that could offer life‐saving therapies, particularly against the novel coronavirus. Since research must continue even in the face of a shutdown, we aim to collate the currently available recommendations from various organizations and provide guidance to head and neck researchers across the world during these trying times.
Periodically moving surface in an Oldroyd‐B fluid with variable thermal conductivity and Cattaneo‐Christov heat flux features
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Aziz Samaira , Khan Sami Ullah , Ali Nasir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere, we have endeavored the rheological aspects of Oldroyd‐B fluid induced by an accelerated and periodically moving sheet. The heat transfer evolution has been characterized with employment of novel Cattaneo‐Christov law. Further features of heat transfer are characterized with heat generation/absorption and thermal conductivity depending upon the temperature. The governing equations have been constituted properly with utilization of associated laws. After truncating the flow problem in dimensionless form, we follow famous analytic procedure, namely, homotopy analysis technique to simulate the solution. The convergence of the solution is established by sketching the h‐curves. While assigning suitable constant values to involved physical parameters like Deborah number, thermal relaxation parameter, Prandtl number, and heat source/sink constants, the change in particles movement and heat transfer rate has been examined. It is observed that the velocity profile decreases with increments in Deborah constant, in terms of relaxation time constant. The presence of variable thermal conductivity and heat source parameters enhance the temperature distribution efficiently.Significance of ResultsRecently, non‐Newtonian fluids have attracted the interest of scientists due to their significant use in various chemical, mechanical, and processing industries. Some essential applications of such materials arise in polymer processing, food industries, paints, petroleum industries, biomedical engineering, and so forth. Besides this, the heat transportation phenomenon in non‐Newtonian fluids flow engaged diverse novel applications in area of engineering processes, and also appeared in chemical, mechanical, and processing industries. The present problem may find engineering applications in paper production, glass blowing, polymer solution, and metal extrusion. The proposed results are useful in extrusion system applications, energy production, and manufacturing processes.
The Staying Power of Worthwhile Work: What It Takes to Lead Literacy Change
Authors: Wilson Aaron , Katz Mira‐Lisa , Greenleaf Cynthia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis department focuses on literacy leaders, including school and instructional leaders, teachers, and external partners, who are working to improve outcomes for adolescent and adult learners in a wide range of education settings. Columns investigate the challenges and complexities inherent in such work and share lessons learned, impactful strategies and approaches, and promising pathways forward.
MiR‐543 regulates myoblast proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 cells by targeting KLF6
Authors: Kang Tingting , Xing Wenkai , Xi Yu , Chen Kun , Zhan Mengsi , Tang Xiaoyin , Wang Yueying , Zhang Ruirui , Lei Minggang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicroRNA‐543 (miR‐543) has been found to play a suppressive role in various human cancers in many studies, whereas the specific functions of miR‐543 in muscle development remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the expression of miR‐543 was high in skeletal muscle and increased during the differentiation of C2C12 cells. Overexpression of miR‐543 repressed C2C12 cell proliferation and promoted differentiation, while knockdown of miR‐543 expression produced the opposite results. During myogenesis, we predicted and verified that Krüppel‐like factor 6 (KLF6), a suppressor of multiple tumor cells, was a target gene of miR‐543. Then, miR‐543 was found to specifically target KLF6 and repress its expression. Besides this, knockdown of KLF6 promoted the differentiation but inhibited the proliferation of C2C12 cells. Si‐KLF6 can rescue the influence of miR‐543 inhibitor on C2C12 cell differentiation. Our results indicate a new regulatory mechanism of miR‐543 on KLF6 expression and suggest the possibility of using the miR‐543/KLF6 pathway as a potential target for studying myogenesis.
Eliciting culturally and medically informative family health histories from Marshallese patients living in the United States
Authors: Blocker Karli , Hallford Henry Gene , McElfish Pearl , Danylchuk Noelle R. , Dean Lori Williamson 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe United States (U.S.) resident Marshallese population is growing rapidly. Subsequent to this growth, Marshallese patients experience language and cultural barriers when attempting to access medical care in the U.S. This study: (a) documents how the Marshallese refer to biological and adopted family members; (b) identifies barriers encountered by Marshallese when seeking medical care; and (c) describes effective communication strategies for healthcare providers to use when treating Marshallese patients. Six key informant interviews were conducted in English with bicultural (U.S. and native Marshallese) informants, the majority of whom were women who worked in a healthcare setting. Participants were recruited through the Center for Pacific Islander Health in Arkansas and through personal contacts within the Marshallese community. Based on the study findings, examples of how providers can make genetic services more accessible and meaningful for Marshallese patients are also provided. This study is particularly relevant to genetic counselors as the number of Marshallese patients and families needing their services is growing.
Immune system and cholangiocytes: A puzzling affair in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Ronca Vincenzo , Mancuso Clara , Milani Chiara , Carbone Marco , Oo Ye Htun , Invernizzi Pietro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterized by the destruction of the small and medium bile ducts. Its pathogenesis is still unknown. Despite the genome wide association study findings, the therapies targeting the cytokines pathway, tested so far, have failed. The concept of the biliary epithelium as a key player of the PBC pathogenesis has emerged over the last few years. It is now well accepted that the biliary epithelial cells (BECs) actively participate to the genesis of the damage. The chronic stimulation of BECs via microbes and bile changes the cell phenotype toward an active state, which, across the production of proinflammatory mediators, can recruit, retain, and activate immune cells. The consequent immune system activation can in turn damage BECs. Thus, the crosstalk between both innate and adaptive immune cells and the biliary epithelium creates a paracrine loop responsible for the disease progression. In this review, we summarize the evidence provided in literature about the role of BECs and the immune system in the pathogenesis of PBC. We also dissect the relationship between the immune system and the BECs, focusing on the unanswered questions and the future potential directions of the translational research and the cellular therapy in this area.