bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Leucine-Rich α-2-Glycoprotein 1 Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Risk in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Yang Feng-Jung , Hsieh Chun-Yih , Shu Kai-Hsiang , Chen I-Yu , Pan Szu-Yu , Chuang Yi-Fang , Chiu Yen-Ling , Yang Wei-Shiung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlasma leucine-Rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is an innovative biomarker for inflammation and angiogenesis. Many adverse pathophysiological changes including inflammation, atherosclerosis, and premature mortality is associated with End-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, whether levels of plasma LRG1 correlate with the co-morbidities of ESRD patients is unknown. Plasma LRG1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were analyzed by ELISA in 169 hemodialysis patients from the Immunity in ESRD (iESRD) study. Patient demographics and comorbidities at the time of enrollment were recorded. Peripheral blood monocyte and T cell subsets were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. In the univariate analysis, a higher level of LRG1 was associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). In multivariate logistic regression models, higher LRG1 tertile was significantly associated with PAOD (odds ratio = 3.49) and CVD (odds ratio = 1.65), but not with coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, or stroke after adjusting for gender, diabetes, hemoglobin, albumin, calcium-phosphate product, and level of hsCRP. In addition, the level of LRG1 had a positive correlation with IL-6, hsCRP, and also more advanced T cell differentiation. The association suggests that LRG1 participates in the progression of atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation. Therefore, the role of LRG1 in coexisting inflammatory response should be further investigated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with ESRD.
Generation of intestinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells for drug testing
Authors: Yoshida Shinpei , Miwa Hiroto , Kawachi Tomoyuki , Kume Shoen , Takahashi Koji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrug absorption via the intestinal tissue is modulated by membrane permeability and metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In drug discovery research, using human IECs to evaluate membrane permeability and metabolic stability can offer very useful information when exploring for drug candidate compounds that have good bioavailability and when trying to predict the fraction absorbed and intestinal availability in humans. Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic functions of human IECs differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 3D cultures. As human IECs differentiated in 3D cultures form intestinal organoids and spheroids (herein termed organoids), their morphology makes it difficult to evaluate their pharmacokinetic functions. Therefore, we dissociated intestinal organoids into single cells and attempted to purify human IECs. We found that hiPSC-derived IECs (hiPSC-IECs) expressed the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and could be highly purified by sorting EpCAM+ cells. The hiPSC-IEC monolayer showed a high TEER value (approximately 350 Ω × cm2). In addition, hiPSC-IECs oxidatively metabolized terfenadine (CYP3A and CYP2J2 substrate) and midazolam (CYP3A substrate). These results indicated that hiPSC-IECs form tight-junction and have cytochrome P450 enzymatic activities. In conclusion, we developed a novel application of hiPSC-derived intestinal organoids for drug testing.
Parkinson-Netzwerke in Deutschland: Zukunft oder Utopie?
Authors: Eggers Carsten , Wolz Martin , Warnecke Tobias , Prell Tino , Tönges Lars 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Parkinson-Krankheit erfordert von Diagnosestellung an eine enge Interaktion verschiedener Versorgungspartner, um eine bestmögliche Versorgung der Patientinnen und Patienten zu ermöglichen. Die Behandlungsrealität zeigt jedoch, dass hier oftmals noch deutliche Versorgungslücken bestehen. In den letzten Jahren wurde erkannt, dass die Bildung von Netzwerken zur Verbesserung der Versorgung von Parkinson-Patienten beitragen kann.
Ziel der Arbeit Es sollen der aktuelle Stand der Entwicklung von Parkinson-Netzwerken in Deutschland, die Evidenzlage sowie die Zukunft von Parkinson-Netzwerken dargestellt werden.
Material und Methoden Die Erfahrungen aus bestehenden Netzwerken in Deutschland wurden systematisch aufgrund von persönlichen Erfahrungsberichten sowie Veröffentlichungen erfasst. Die bestehende nationale und internationale Evidenz wurde zusammenfassend dargestellt, und es wurden kritische Erfolgsfaktoren sowie Hürden analysiert. Des Weiteren wurden mögliche Zukunftsszenarien entwickelt.
Ergebnisse Es gibt vielfältige integrierte Versorgungsansätze für eine Verbesserung der Versorgung von Parkinson-Patienten. Dies ist jedoch bisher meist vorbehaltlich der Initiative an einzelnen Standorten, ohne dass hierfür verbindliche Voraussetzungen vonseiten des Gesetzgebers oder der Kostenträger außerhalb von Modellprojekten geschaffen sind.
Diskussion Es muss festgestellt werden, dass aktuell eine problemlose und auch kosteneffiziente Entwicklung intersektoraler Netzwerkstrukturen innerhalb der bestehenden Möglichkeiten des deutschen Gesundheitswesens nur sehr schwer zu realisieren ist. Das hohe persönliche Engagement einzelner Akteure stellt derzeit die Basis der existierenden regionalen Netzwerke dar. Ein übergeordnetes gesundheitspolitisches Konzept ist nötig, um Parkinson-Netzwerke weiter inhaltlich und infrastrukturell zu fördern.
Prävalenz nicht-authentischer Beschwerdenbilder und
Indikatoren in der Begutachtung psychischer und psychosomatischer
Störungen – retrospektive Analyse einer
Begutachtungsstichprobe
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Krüger Martin , Ullmann Utz 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Gutachterliche Entscheidungen hinsichtlich
nicht-authentischer Beschwerdendarstellungen psychischer und psychosomatischer
Störungen wurden untersucht. Änderungen der Gutachtenmethodik
über die Zeit und andere Einflussfaktoren sollten berücksichtigt
werden.
Methodik Es erfolgte die retrospektive Analyse eines Gutachtenpools einer
psychologischen Begutachtungsstelle zur Zusammenhangsfrage bei psychischen
Störungen (n=1175), der über einen Zeitraum von 16
Jahren (2000–2015) erstellt wurde.
Ergebnisse Mit komplexerer Methodik über die Zeit werden
häufiger Inkonsistenzen in der Datenlage aufgeführt.
Antwortverzerrungen in Beschwerdenvalidierungsverfahren sind häufig
(47,2%), die Einschätzung eines insgesamt nicht-authentischen
Beschwerdenbildes ist jedoch geringer (bis 15,8%). Ein Gutachter-Bias
findet sich bei einheitlicher Methodik nicht.
Schlussfolgerung Aktuelle eher niedrigere Schätzungen
nicht-authentischer Beschwerdenbilder in Gutachten werden gestützt.
Beschwerdenvalidierungsverfahren werden als bedeutende Entscheidungsquelle von
psychologischen Gutachtern genutzt. Für die Gesamteinschätzung
von Antwortverhalten ist jedoch ein multimethodales Vorgehen notwendig.
Effektivität von Screeningverfahren zur Identifizierung von
Medikamentenabhängigkeit: Vergleich der Severity of Dependence Scale
(SDS) und des Kurzfragebogens zu Medikamentenmissbrauch (KMM)
Authors: Bischof Gallus , Otto Christiane , Bischof Anja , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Abhängigkeit und Missbrauch von verschreibungspflichtigen
Medikamenten sind prävalente Störungen, die durch das
Suchthilfesystem kaum erreicht werden. Verfahren zur frühen Erkennung
von Betroffenen in medizinischen Settings könnte zu einer Verbesserung
der Versorgung beitragen, wobei entsprechende Screeningverfahren unzureichend
validiert sind.
Methodik In einer pro-aktiven, unausgelesenen Stichprobe von 6042
konsekutiven Patienten zweier Allgemeinkrankenhäuser in Lübeck
wurde ein Screening mittels des Kurzfragebogens zu
Medikamentenabhängigkeit und Missbrauch KMM und der Severity of
Dependence Scale durchgeführt. Bei Screening-auffälligen
Patienten (n=226, Ausschöpfung 55,3%) sowie einer
randomisierten Teilstichprobe von 334 Screening-negativen Patienten wurde eine
standardisierte klinische Diagnostik medikamentenbezogener Störungen
durchgeführt. Für beide Verfahren wurden optimale Cut-off-Werte
und die klinische Validität mittels ROC-Kurven bestimmt.
Ergebnisse Von 226 Screening-auffälligen Patienten mit Einnahme
abhängigkeitserzeugender Medikamente nach der Anatomical Therapeutical
Classification wurde bei 98 Personen eine medikamentenbezogene Störung
diagnostiziert. In der Teilstichprobe der Screening-negativen Patienten wurden
bei 2 Patienten entsprechende Störungen festgestellt. Bei beiden
eingesetzten Screeningverfahren zeigte sich eine gute Sensitivität und
Spezifität. Reine Fragebogendaten ohne Prüfung der eingenommenen
Medikamente führten jedoch zu hohen Raten falsch-positiver Befunde.
Schlussfolgerung Medikamentenbezogene Störungen können
ökonomisch und valide durch Fragebogenverfahren identifiziert werden,
wenn in einem zweiten Schritt die genaue Medikation erfasst und eine klinische
Diagnostik durchgeführt wird. Die Aussagekraft von Screeningverfahren zu
medikamentenbezogenen Störungen ohne fallbezogene klinische Validierung
ist eingeschränkt.
Perioperative Beta-Blocker for Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Sue Hyun , Jang Myoung-jin , Hwang Ho Young 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of perioperative use of beta-blocker (BB) on postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery other than isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods Five online databases were searched. Studies were included if they (1) enrolled patients who underwent cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG and (2) demonstrated the impact of perioperative use of BB on POAF based on the randomized controlled trial or adjusted analysis. The primary outcome was the occurrence rates of POAF after cardiac surgery. A meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed according to the proportion of patients with cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG and the timing of BB use, respectively.
Results Thirteen articles (5 randomized and 8 nonrandomized studies: n = 25,496) were selected. Proportion of enrolled patients undergoing cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG ranged from 7 to 100%. The BBs were used in preoperative, postoperative, and both periods in 5, 5, and 3 studies, respectively. The pooled analyses showed that the risk of POAF was significantly lower in patients with perioperative BB than those without (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 0.56, 0.35–0.91 and 0.70, 0.55–0.91 in randomized and nonrandomized studies, respectively). The risk of POAF was lower in the BB group irrespective of the proportion of nonisolated CABG. Benefit regarding in-hospital mortality was inconclusive. Perioperative stroke and length of stay were not significantly different between BB and non-BB groups.
Conclusions Perioperative use of BB is effective in preventing POAF even in patients undergoing cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG, although it did not translate into improved clinical outcomes.
Saúde mental antes e depois da artroplastia total do joelho
Authors: Barbosa Igor Magalhães , de Sousa Thales Gonçalves , Fernandes Larissa Meireles , Campos Jessica Studart Matos , Nogueira João Bosco Sales , Bezerra Marcelo José Cortez 
Published: April 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os resultados pré e pós-operatórios em relação à depressão, dor, limitações funcionais e episódios de queda em pacientes diagnosticados com osteoartrite (OA) grave do joelho submetidos a uma artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ), usando um implante móvel com uma plataforma rotativa e removendo o ligamento cruzado posterior.
Métodos O questionário de Lequesne foi utilizado para avaliar a dor e as limitações funcionais antes e após a ATJ. Além disso, a escala de depressão geriátrica (EDG) também foi utilizada. Os episódios de quedas antes e após a cirurgia foram estimados.
Resultados O escore médio de Lequesne antes da cirurgia foi de 15,95 e após a cirurgia foi de 6,5. Esse resultado foi estatisticamente significativo (p < 0,001). O escore médio da EDG antes da cirurgia foi de 7,43 e após a ATJ foi de 2,22 (p < 0,001). O número médio de ocorrências de queda antes do procedimento, em um período de 1 ano, foi de 1,22 e após a ATJ foi de 0,27 (p = 0,004). Foi encontrada uma relação direta entre os escores de Lequesne antes da cirurgia e os escores da EDG (p = 0,004).
Conclusões A ATJ resultou em melhora da dor e limitação funcional, diminuição ou desaparecimento da condição depressiva e diminuição das taxas de queda nos pacientes avaliados.
Discourse markers as a lens to variation across speech and writing
Authors: Marmorstein Michal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the use of the discourse marker (DM)yaʕni(lit. ‘it means’) in spoken and written Egyptian-Cairene Arabic. The DMyaʕnioriginates in conversational interaction and is symbiotic with its socio-cognitive constraints and goals: it serves to facilitate the verbalization of new or hard-to-activate ideas and to optimize the verbalization of already-introduced ideas, so as to enhance participants’ mutual understanding and involvement. When carried over to written discourse,yaʕniundergoes various forms of adaptation. In casual-personal proseyaʕniis frequently used; however, the distribution of the tokens is different and their function recontextualized. Tokens introducing new ideas are few and acquire symbolic meaning, while tokens introducing elaboration of prior discourse are widely used and serve to evoke conversational interaction. In expository discourse, as reflected in Egyptian Wikipedia data,yaʕniis considerably less frequent and limited to elaborations of concepts and facts. The paper shows the highly context-sensitive function of the DMyaʕniand the ways in which its indexical force, as a marker of conversationality, is either heightened or weakened in writing, depending on the genre in which it is put to use.
The ideological construction of Western ISIS-associated females
Authors: Nyamutata Conrad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince the outbreak of the war in Syria, some Western women and girls have travelled to the warzone to join the group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and marry some of the group’s fighters. However, since the collapse of the ‘caliphate’ some of the women and girls have been stranded amid reluctance to accept them back to countries of origin. The women and girls have been the subject of various descriptions and labels. This is a conceptual and theoretical study which examines the ideological construction of females who travelled from Europe and West to join ISIS. The paper uses discourse analysis to examine the use of particular labels in the Western media, drawing primarily from the British press, on the ISIS-associated females seeking return to the West. The paper finds that a naturalized and dominant discourse has developed in the ideological construction of the females.
Meaning construction and motivation in the English benefactive double object construction
Authors: Guerrero Medina Pilar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the interaction between verbal and constructional semantics in the benefactive double object construction in English. My main aim is to disentangle the semantics of the construction exploring the constructional potential of the main alternating verb classes, i.e., verbs of “obtaining”, “creation” and “preparing” (Levin, 1993), and spelling out the cognitive principles that motivate these and other extended uses as cases of lexical-constructionalsubsumptionwithin the framework of the Lexical Constructional Model (cf.Galera Masegosa & Ruiz de Mendoza, 2012;Ruiz de Mendoza, 2013). Rather than advocating a polysemous analysis of the ditransitive, as proposed by Goldberg (1992,1995), the position I take here is that ditransitives with beneficiary arguments and ditransitives with prototypical recipient arguments instantiate two different subconstructions which cannot be treated under the same general rubric, in spite of their “shared surface form” (Goldberg, 2002, p. 330).
Delivering the unconventional across languages
Authors: Lu Wei-lun , Shurma Svitlana , Kemmer Suzanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of nonce words that relies on Cognitive Grammar (CG) using the English version of “Jabberwocky” and its two Ukrainian renditions. We identify great variation among the versions, both inter-lingual and intra-lingual. In particular, not only do the versions differ greatly in terms of construal presented in CG terms, but there are various elements that do not, and simply cannot, get through between the English version and the Ukrainian ones. We accordingly propose that the use of Multiple-Parallel-Text (MultiParT) approach can not only help make generalizations across representative text producers within the same language but also allow one to investigate how different systems of human communication are equipped to produce unconventional meaning using its own conventionalized means, and that use of CG is capable of providing a reliable analytical framework with high descriptive adequacy. We also propose that a combination of MultiParT and CG may constitute an advantage in cross-linguistic research of literary semantics and cognitive poetics.
Translational neuroscience: the state of the nation (a PhD student perspective)
Authors: Davies Caitlin , Hamilton Olivia K L , Hooley Monique , Ritakari Tuula E , Stevenson Anna J , Wheater Emily N W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Many brain disorders are currently untreatable. It has been suggested that taking a ‘translational’ approach to neuroscientific research might change this. We discuss what ‘translational neuroscience’ is and argue for the need to expand the traditional translational model if we are to make further advances in treating brain disorders.
Targeted-Sequencing Workflows for Comprehensive Drug Resistance Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cultures Using Two Commercial Sequencing Platforms: Comparison of Analytical and Diagnostic Performance, Turnaround Time, and Cost
Authors: Tafess Ketema , Ng Timothy Ting Leung , Lao Hiu Yin , Leung Kenneth Siu Sing , Tam Kingsley King Gee , Rajwani Rahim , Tam Sarah Tsz Yan , Ho Lily Pui Ki , Chu Corey Mang Kiu , Gonzalez Dimitri , Sayada Chalom , Ma Oliver Chiu Kit , Nega Belete Haile , Ameni Gobena , Yam Wing Cheong , Siu Gilman Kit Hang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with complex drug resistance profiles necessitates a rapid and comprehensive drug susceptibility test for guidance of patient treatment. We developed two targeted-sequencing workflows based on Illumina MiSeq and Nanopore MinION for the prediction of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis toward 12 antibiotics.

Methods
A total of 163 M. tuberculosis isolates collected from Hong Kong and Ethiopia were subjected to a multiplex PCR for simultaneous amplification of 19 drug resistance-associated genetic regions. The amplicons were then barcoded and sequenced in parallel on MiSeq and MinION in respective batch sizes of 24 and 12 samples. A web-based bioinformatics pipeline, BacterioChek-TB, was developed to translate the raw datasets into clinician-friendly reports.

Results
Both platforms successfully sequenced all samples with mean read depths of 1,127× and 1,649×, respectively. The variant calling by MiSeq and MinION could achieve 100% agreement if variants with an allele frequency of &lt;40% reported by MinION were excluded. Both workflows achieved a mean clinical sensitivity of 94.8% and clinical specificity of 98.0% when compared with phenotypic drug susceptibility test (pDST). Turnaround times for the MiSeq and MinION workflows were 38 and 15 h, facilitating the delivery of treatment guidance at least 17–18 days earlier than pDST, respectively. The higher cost per sample on the MinION platform ($71.56) versus the MiSeq platform ($67.83) was attributed to differences in batching capabilities.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the interchangeability of MiSeq and MinION platforms for generation of accurate and actionable results for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Hypertension, the renin–angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19
Authors: Kreutz Reinhold , Algharably Engi Abd El-Hady , Azizi Michel , Dobrowolski Piotr , Guzik Tomasz , Januszewicz Andrzej , Persu Alexandre , Prejbisz Aleksander , Riemer Thomas Günther , Wang Ji-Guang , Burnier Michel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSystemic arterial hypertension (referred to as hypertension herein) is a major risk factor of mortality worldwide, and its importance is further emphasized in the context of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection referred to as COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 infections commonly are older and have a history of hypertension. Almost 75% of patients who have died in the pandemic in Italy had hypertension. This raised multiple questions regarding a more severe course of COVID-19 in relation to hypertension itself as well as its treatment with renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, e.g. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). We provide a critical review on the relationship of hypertension, RAS, and risk of lung injury. We demonstrate lack of sound evidence that hypertension per se is an independent risk factor for COVID-19. Interestingly, ACEIs and ARBs may be associated with lower incidence and/or improved outcome in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. We also review in detail the molecular mechanisms linking the RAS to lung damage and the potential clinical impact of treatment with RAS blockers in patients with COVID-19 and a high cardiovascular and renal risk. This is related to the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, and expression of ACE2 in the lung, cardiovascular system, kidney, and other tissues. In summary, a critical review of available evidence does not support a deleterious effect of RAS blockers in COVID-19 infections. Therefore, there is currently no reason to discontinue RAS blockers in stable patients facing the COVID-19 pandemic.