bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary therapy strategy of precision medicine in clinical practice
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Li Qian , Zhang Miaomiao , Xu Xiaojing , Shen Qi , Chen Hao , Wang Xiangdong , Liu Tianshu , Cheng Yunfeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe application of precision medicine concept in clinical work needs a period of practice and experience accumulation. The present article introduced an example of functioning approach named “multidisciplinary therapy strategy of precision medicine” (MDTS‐PM), clinical practice and process, decision‐making, and therapies. The MDTS‐PM integrates multidisciplinary experts and develops real‐time therapeutic strategy based on clinical phenomes and gene sequencing of tissue DNA and circulating DNA. The strength of MDTS‐PM is the combination of dynamical clinical phenomes, genetic information, diagnosis, and treatment to make the therapy more targeted and specific. MDTS‐PM provides comprehensive, whole‐process, and personalized diagnosis and treatment services for patients with complex cancer or complex drug resistance progression; provides guidance for further adjustment of drug use; and establishes a multidisciplinary cooperative team, improves the quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and optimizes the process of medical services.
Acute lung injury in patients with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Li Liyang , Huang Qihong , Wang Diane C. , Ingbar David H. , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring the 2020 Spring Festival in China, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named COVID‐19 by WHO, brought on a worldwide panic. According to the clinical data of infected patients, radiologic evidence of lung edema is common and deserves clinical attention. Lung edema is a manifestation of acute lung injury (ALI) and may progress to hypoxemia and potentially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients diagnosed with ARDS have poorer prognosis and potentially higher mortality. Although no effective treatment is formally approved for COVID‐19 infection, support of ventilation with oxygen therapy and sometimes mechanical ventilation is often required. Treatment with systemic and/or local glucocorticoids might be helpful to alleviate the pulmonary inflammation and edema, which may decrease the development and/or consequences of ARDS. In this article, we focus on the lung edema and ALI of patients with this widely transmitted COVID‐19 infection in order to provide clinical indications and potential therapeutic targets for clinicians and researchers.
Perfluorochemical‐facilitated plasminogen activator delivery to the airways: A novel treatment for inhalational smoke‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Wolfson Marla R. , Enkhbaatar Perenlei , Fukuda Satoshi , Nelson Christina L. , Williams Robert O. , Surasarang Soraya Hengsawas , Sahakijpijarn Sawittree , Calendo Gennaro , Komissarov Andrey A. , Florova Galina , Sarva Krishna , Idell Steven I. , Shaffer Thomas H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEffective clinical management of airway clot and fibrinous cast formation of severe inhalational smoke‐induced acute lung injury (ISALI) is lacking. Aerosolized delivery of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is confounded by airway bleeding; single‐chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) moderated this adverse effect and supported transient improvement in gas exchange and lung mechanics. However, neither aerosolized plasminogen activator (PA) yielded durable improvements in physiologic responses or reduction in cast burden. Here, we hypothesized that perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids would facilitate PA distribution and sustain improvements in physiologic outcomes in ISALI.MethodsSpontaneously breathing adult sheep (n = 36) received anesthesia and analgesia and were instrumented, exposed to cotton smoke inhalation, and supported by mechanical ventilation for 48 h. Groups (n = 6/group) were studied without supplemental treatment, or, starting 4 h post injury, they received intratracheal low volume (8 mL) PFC liquid alone or a dose range of tPA/PFC or scuPA/PFC suspensions (4 or 8 mg in 8 mL PFC) every 8 h. Outcomes were evaluated by sequential measurements of cardiopulmonary parameters, lung histomorphology, and biochemical analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.ResultsDose‐response and PA‐type comparisons of outcomes demonstrated sustained superiority with low‐volume PFC suspensions of scuPA over tPA or PFC alone, favoring the highest dose of scuPA/PFC suspension over lower doses, without airway bleeding.ConclusionsWe propose that this improved profile over previously reported aerosolized delivery is likely related to improved dose distribution. Sustained salutary responses to scuPA/PFC suspension delivery in this translational model are encouraging and support the possibility that the observed outcomes could be of clinical importance.
Tumor microenvironmental influences on dendritic cell and T cell function: A focus on clinically relevant immunologic and metabolic checkpoints
Authors: Hargadon Kristian M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is fast becoming one of the most promising means of treating malignant disease. Cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade have all shown varying levels of success in the clinical management of several cancer types in recent years. However, despite the clinical benefits often achieved by these regimens, an ongoing problem for many patients is the inherent or acquired resistance of their cancer to immunotherapy. It is now appreciated that dendritic cells and T lymphocytes both play key roles in antitumor immune responses and that the tumor microenvironment presents a number of barriers to the function of these cells that can ultimately limit the success of immunotherapy. In particular, the engagement of several immunologic and metabolic checkpoints within the hostile tumor microenvironment can severely compromise the antitumor functions of these important immune populations. This review highlights work from both preclinical and clinical studies that has shaped our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its influence on dendritic cell and T cell function. It focuses on clinically relevant targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies that have emerged from these studies in an effort to prevent or overcome immune subversion within the tumor microenvironment. Emphasis is also placed on the potential of next‐generation combinatorial regimens that target metabolic and immunologic impediments to dendritic cell and T lymphocyte function as strategies to improve antitumor immune reactivity and the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy going forward.
Hydrodynamic analysis of electrostatic counter‐streaming instability in a spin‐polarized electron–positron–ion plasma
Authors: Khanum Uzma , Iqbal Zafar , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present linear analysis of electrostatic counter‐streaming instability in spin‐polarized electron–positron–ion (e‐p‐i) plasma. With the aid of the separate spin evolution‐quantum hydrodynamic (SSE‐QHD) model, we derive the dispersion relation of counter‐streaming instability. We numerically solve the dispersion and find four wave solutions: Langmuir wave, positron acoustic mode, and two electron and positron spin‐dependent waves. It is noted that coupling of streaming and spin effects excites Langmuir instability and positron acoustic mode instability. However, in the absence of spin effect, only Langmuir instability will survive in e‐p‐i plasma. We have also discussed the effects of positron concentration, streaming speed, and spin polarization on the real frequency of waves and the growth rate. The present study may be helpful for understanding longitudinal wave propagation and instabilities in dense magnetized environments.
Heavy ion–acoustic rogue waves in magnetized electron–positron multi‐ion plasmas
Authors: Douanla Delmas V. , Alim   , Tiofack Camus G. L. , Mohamadou Alidou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon‐linear heavy ion‐acoustic waves (HIAWs) are studied in a homogeneous magnetized four‐component multi‐ion plasma composed of inertial heavy negative ions, light positive ions, and inertia‐less non‐extensive electrons and positrons. The non‐linear Schrödinger equation is derived in this model using the perturbation method. The criteria for modulational instability of HIAWs and the basic features of finite‐amplitude heavy ion acoustic rogue waves (HIARWs) are investigated. The presence of the magnetic field was found to reduce the amplitude of HIARWs and enhances the stability. It is interesting to note that increasing positive ion mass causes decreases in the amplitude and width of rogue waves, which is opposite behaviour to that demonstrated in the previous study of these waves in an unmagnetized plasma. Furthermore, it is also shown that striking parameters, such as the non‐extensive parameter, the positron number density, the electron number density, the electron temperature, and the magnetic field parameter, play an undeniable role on the stability of waves packets. The findings of the present investigation may be of wide relevance to some plasma environments, such as active galactic nuclei, pulsar magnetospheres, and other magnetic confinement systems.
Coupling Microscopy and Flow Cytometry for a Comprehensive Characterization of Nanoparticle Production in Insect Cells
Authors: Puente‐Massaguer Eduard , Saccardo Paolo , Ferrer‐Miralles Neus , Lecina Martí , Gòdia Francesc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdvancements in the field of characterization techniques have broadened the opportunities to deepen into nanoparticle production bioprocesses. Gag‐based virus‐like particles (VLPs) have shown their potential as candidates for recombinant vaccine development. However, comprehensive characterization of the production process is still a requirement to meet the desired critical quality attributes. In this work, the production process of Gag VLPs by baculovirus (BV) infection in the reference High Five and Sf9 insect cell lines is characterized in detail. To this end, the Gag polyprotein was fused in frame to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to favor process evaluation with multiple analytical tools. Tracking of the infection process using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry revealed a pronounced increase in the complexity of High Five over Sf9 cells. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) characterization determined that changes in cell complexity could be attributed to the presence of occlusion‐derived BV in High Five cells, whereas Sf9 cells evidenced a larger proportion of the budded virus phenotype (23‐fold). Initial evaluation of the VLP production process using spectrofluorometry showed that higher levels of the Gag‐eGFP polyprotein were obtained in High Five cells (3.6‐fold). However, comparative analysis based on nanoparticle quantification by flow virometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) proved that Sf9 cells were 1.7‐ and 1.5‐fold more productive in terms of assembled VLPs, respectively. Finally, analytical ultracentrifugation coupled to flow virometry evidenced a larger sedimentation coefficient of High Five‐derived VLPs, indicating a possible interaction with other cellular compounds. Taken together, these results highlight the combined use of microscopy and flow cytometry techniques to improve vaccine development processes using the insect cell/BV expression vector system. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Continuous glucose monitoring assessment of metabolic control in east African children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: A pilot and feasibility study
Authors: McClure Yauch Lauren , Velazquez Eric , Piloya‐Were Thereza , Wainaina Mungai Lucy , Omar Anjumanara , Moran Antoinette 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in East Africa and other low‐income regions, the last decade has seen substantial gains in access to insulin and trained healthcare providers, yet metabolic control remains poor.MethodsThe objective was to determine the feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and to gather baseline metabolic data for future power analysis in Ugandan and Kenyan youth with T1D using a Freestyle Libre Pro blinded CGM.ResultsOf 78 participants recruited, four sensors fell off and six patients did not return, leaving 68 evaluable subjects. Average age was 16 ± 5 (range 4‐26) years, 43% female. Average diabetes duration was 7 ± 5 years, insulin dose 0.9 ± 0.3 U/kg/d, and number of fingerstick glucose levels per day 2.1 ± 1.1. All were on human insulin. Point‐of‐care HbA1c was 10.9 ± 2.7% (96 ± 30 mmol/mol). Mean number of sensor days was 13 ± 3; >90% wore the sensor for ≥10 days. Mean glucose was 231 ± 86 mg/dL (12.8 ± 4.8 mmol/L). Only 30 ± 19% of time was spent in the target range (70‐180 mg/dL; 3.9‐10 mmol/L), and 7 ± 8% of time was spent in hypoglycaemia (glucose <55 mg/dL, 3.0 mmol/L). Hypoglycaemia occurred in 81% of participants, averaging five events/wk with an average duration of 140 ± 79 minutes/event.ConclusionsDespite significant diabetes care improvements, East African youth with T1D have poor metabolic control with chronic hyper‐ and hypoglycaemia, placing them at high risk for serious acute and chronic complications. This study demonstrates the feasibility of CGM use in this population and provides baseline metabolic data that will be used to inform a future intervention study.
Participatory experimentation on a climate street
Authors: Juhola Sirkku , Seppälä Antti , Klein Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCities' role in addressing both climate change mitigation and adaptation is becoming increasingly important. Within the last decade, cities together with other actors have initiated neighborhood‐level climate change projects that build on the concept of experimentation using participation and coproduction. Common features in these initiatives are the limitation of the project to a geographically specific area within the city, inclusion of stakeholders from that physical location, and the use of different types of experimentation through participation in order to pursue climate objectives. This qualitative case study discusses the participatory experimentation and potential structural transformations by focusing on the Climate Street project of Helsinki and Vantaa, Finland. More specifically, we examine how learning, participation, and public visibility contribute toward the impact of the project. Our results show that existing urban governance structures restrict experiments in many ways and only certain types of change are feasible. This implies that while participatory experimentation offers promise but is not a panacea in terms of governing climate change.
Cardiogenic shock as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu Liang , Dong Yanling , Gao Hengbo , Yao Dongqi , Zhang Rui , Zheng Tuokang , Jin Yingli , Lv Baopu , Tian Yingping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCardiogenic shock as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an uncommon but catastrophic complication. Because of the lack of typical clinical features, the diagnosis of the disease is challenging. This case report describes a 47‐year‐old female admitted to the emergency room in refractory cardiogenic shock with dilative cardiomyopathy and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 25.6% of unknown origin. The patient responded poorly to the initial tries of stabilization, and the clinical status continued to deteriorate. Venous–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) was applied to maintain hemodynamic stability. Coronary angiography revealed no obvious stenosis of the coronary artery. Evidence of virus infection was negative. After requestioning about medical history in detail, Reynaud's phenomenon was shown. SLE was suspected. A complete autoimmune laboratory workup was completed and found the positive result of antinuclear antibodies, anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies, anti‐phospholipid antibodies, and low C3 and C4. The patient also presented with pericardial effusion and the PLTs <100 000/mm3. SLE was confirmed according to the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria. When the diagnosis was established, the immunotherapy was initiated. As a result, the patient underwent a quick recovery and achieved good outcomes. In conclusion, early diagnosis and timely application of immunotherapy is the key to treatment lupus myocarditis. Advanced mechanical support may play a necessary role when patient is in critical situation. For middle‐aged female patients presenting with unexplained cardiogenic shock, lupus myocarditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In addition, the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria provide a new, fitting tool for the diagnosis, which is conducive to the earlier and more accurate diagnosis of SLE.
Evaluation of uniaxial contact models for moat wall pounding simulations
Authors: Hughes Patrick J. , Mosqueda Gilberto 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMoat wall pounding occurs when a base‐isolated building displaces beyond the provided clearance and collides with the surrounding retaining wall, inducing very high floor accelerations and interstory drifts. Previous studies on moat wall pounding typically employ simplified models of the superstructure, with a uniaxial contact spring used to model the entire moat wall. Consequently, researchers have developed sophisticated contact models to estimate the normal‐direction contact force that is generated during seismic pounding. This study examines how the choice in contact model affects the seismic response of a base‐isolated building subjected to impact‐inducing ground excitation. Five widely used state‐of‐the‐art contact models are summarized and implemented into an experimentally‐calibrated numerical model of a base‐isolated moment frame. Results of nonlinear dynamic time history analyses are shown in detail for one ground motion, followed by a larger parametric study across 28 near‐fault ground motions. This work shows that peak impact force and base acceleration are moderately sensitive to the choice in contact model, while upper floor accelerations and interstory drifts are practically not affected.
Fractionation Analysis of Mercury in Soils: A Comparison of Three Techniques for Bioavailable Mercury Fraction Determination
Authors: Pelcová Pavlína , Ridošková Andrea , Hrachovinová Jana , Grmela Jan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Knowledge of the fractionation of mercury in soils in the vicinity of abandoned cinnabar mines is essential for assessing the usability of soils for the cultivation of agriculturally important crops. Two different sequential extraction methods and the technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) were applied and compared for fractionation of mercury in soils from mercury-contaminated sites intended for farming purposes. The mercury found in these soils was primarily in the form of mercury sulfide (58.6–83.9%), followed by 6.7 to 15.4% of organically bound mercury and 2.9 to 23.2% of elemental mercury. Up to 10.3% of labile mercury species were determined by both sequential extraction methods in these soils. However, only 0.01 to 0.13% of mercury was determined as a bioavailable fraction using the DGT technique. Both sequential extraction methods tested for the fractionation analysis of mercury in contaminated soils were in excellent agreement. The content of the mobile (labile) mercury determined by the sequential extraction methods was statistically significantly higher (p &lt; 0.0001) than the content of bioavailable mercury determined by the DGT technique. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1670–1677. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
The content of the mobile (labile) mercury determined by the sequential extraction methods was statistically significantly higher (p &lt; 0.0001) than the content of bioavailable mercury determined by the diffusive gradients in thin films technique. The form of mercury determined as mobile (labile) by the sequential extraction methods should not be automatically regarded as bioavailable. DGT = diffusive gradients in thin films.
A lightweight privacy protection scheme based on user preference in mobile crowdsensing
Authors: Xiong Jinbo , Liu Hui , Jin Biao , Li Qi , Yao Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAiming at the balance between user personalized privacy protection and task data practicability in mobile crowdsensing, this article proposes a lightweight privacy protection (LightPrivacy) scheme based on the matching of attribute preferences between users and tasks with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), bloom filter, binary confusion vector inner product protocol, and differential privacy. First, the fog nodes are introduced to divide the subtasks of sensing tasks, and the optimal subtask set is selected and published through AHP. The fog nodes construct task bloom filter according to task attribute requirement preference. The sensing users construct user bloom filter based on intention attribute preference, and filter target users by calculating the binary confusion vector inner product of two bloom filters. Furthermore, the LightPrivacy scheme perceives sensing users to localize sensitive data that needs to be disturbed according to privacy budget distributed equally by fog nodes. Finally, the fog node evaluates the quality of sensing data and defines task contribution of sensing users in combination with the binary confusion vector inner product, so as to effectively prevent malicious users from submitting false data or adding large data perturbations. Security analysis indicates that the LightPrivacy scheme is still security under the condition that fog nodes are semi‐trusted. Experimental results show that the LightPrivacy scheme is practical and the computational efficiency is significantly improved compared with the related representative schemes.
A new insight into combining forecasts for elections: The role of social media
Authors: Chin Chih‐Yu , Wang Cheng‐Lung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study is devoted to gain insight into a timely, accurate, and relevant combining forecast by considering social media (Facebook), opinion polls, and prediction markets. We transformed each type of raw data into the possibility of victory as a forecasting model. Besides the four single forecasts, namely Facebook fans, Facebook “people talking about this” (PTAT) statistics, opinion polls, and prediction markets, we generated three combined forecasts by associating various combinations of the four components. Then, we examined the predictive performance of each forecast on vote shares and the elected/non‐elected outcome across the election period. Our findings, based on the evidence of Taiwan's 2018 county and city elections, showed that incorporating the Facebook PTAT statistic with polls and prediction markets generates the most powerful forecast. Moreover, we recognized the matter of the time horizons where the best proposed model has better accuracy gains in prediction—in the “late of election,” but not in “approaching election”. The patterns of the trend of accuracy across time for each forecasting model also differ from one another. We also highlighted the complementarity of various types of data in the paper because each forecast makes important contributions to forecasting elections.