bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEEP-LONG: A Fast and Accurate Aligner for Long RNA-Seq
Authors: Hou Li , Wang Yadong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn recent years, because of the development of sequencing technology, long reads were widely used in many studies, include transcriptomics studies. Obviously, Long reads have more advantages than short reads. And long reads align also different from short reads align. Until now Lots of tools can process long RNA-Seq, but there still have some problems need to solve. ResultsWe developed Deep-Long to process long RNA-Seq, Deep-Long is a fast and accurate tool. Deep-Long can handle troubles come from complicated gene structures and sequencing errors well, Deep-Long does well especially on alternative splicing and small exons. When sequencing error rate is low, Deep-Long can rapidly get more accurate results. While sequencing error rate rising, Deep-Long will use more time, but still more fast and accurate than most other tools.ConclusionsDeep-Long is an useful tool to align long RNA-Seq to genome, and Deep-Long can find more exons and splices.
Neurotoxic astrocytes secreted glypican-4 drives Alzheimer’s tau pathology
Authors: Pereira Ana , Ramamoorthy Sivaprakasam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the most crucial genetic risk factor of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanism through which APOE4 induces AD risk remains unknown. Here, we report the astrocyte-secreted protein glypican-4 (GPC-4), as a novel binding partner of APOE4, drives tau pathology. APOE4-carrying AD patients display more tau accumulation compared to APOE4-noncarring AD patients. GPC-4 is highly expressed in APOE4 AD patients, and is regulated by microglial factors via NF-κB signaling pathway. The astrocyte-secreted GPC-4 induced both tau accumulation and spreading in vitro and in vivo. Further, GPC-4 is required for APOE4-mediated surface trafficking of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and tau propagation. GPC-4 activates unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway IRE1α, and pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α with KIRA6 blocks GPC-4 induced tau propagation. Together, our data comprehensively demonstrate that the APOE4-induced AD risk is directly mediated by GPC-4, and that perturbing GPC-4 induced IRE1α pathway has therapeutic opportunities.
Effects of High-intensity Statin Combined Telmisartan Versus Amlodipine on Glucose Metabolism in Hypertensive Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose: a Randomized Multi-centre Trial&nbsp;
Authors: Lee Chan Joo , Kim Minji , Sung Jung-Hoon , Kang Tae-Soo , Park Sungha , Lee Sang-Hak , Kim Jong-Youn , Kim Byeong-Keuk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Limited data are available regarding the role of angiotensin-II-receptor blockers (ARB) in the prevention of new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and hypertension requiring high-dose statin. This study aimed to compare the effects of telmisartan and amlodipine on glucose metabolism in hypertensive ASCVD patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) requiring high-intensity statin.Methods: A total of 99 patients with hypertensive ASCVD with impaired fasting glucose (100–125 mg/dL or HbA1c 5.7%–6.4%) were randomly assigned to two groups [telmisartan-statin group (n = 48) and amlodipine-statin group (n = 51)] as the add-on therapy to high-dose rosuvastatin therapy (20 mg). The primary endpoint was the value of the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at week 24, and the secondary endpoint was the change in the glucose metabolism indices from baseline to week 24. Results: The HOMA-IR at week 24 (2.4 [interquartile range, 1.8–3.8] versus 2.6 [1.7–3.7]; P = 0.809) and changes in the HOMA-IR from baseline to week 24 (−7.0 [−29.0 to 21.0] versus −2.3 [−53.3 to 27.3]; P = 0.539) were not significantly different between the telmisartan-statin group and the amlodipine-statin group. However, the fasting glucose level at week 24 was significantly lower in the telmisartan-statin group (107.7 ± 13.4 mg/dL) than in the amlodipine-statin group (113.3 ± 12.4 mg/dL; P = 0.039) and significantly decreased from the baseline in the telmisartan-statin group (−3.2% ± 8.6% versus 3.8% ± 13.2%; P = 0.003). The proportion of patients with IFG (71.1% versus 89.6%; P = 0.047) or hemoglobin A1c level >6.5% (4.2% versus 21.6%; P = 0.023) at week 24 was also significantly lower in the telmisartan-statin group than in the amlodipine-statin group.Conclusion: Compared to amlodipine, telmisartan did not decrease the HOMA-IR; rather, an improvement in glucose metabolism was noted during the follow-up in hypertensive ASCVD patients with IFG requiring high-dose statin, suggesting the potential role of ARB for reducing risks owing to high-intensity statin. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03474562. Registered March 22, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03474562
Embryos from "0PN" zygotes may be most likely 2PN embryos in L-R-ICSI
Authors: Liu Caixia , Han Dong , Chen Jianguo , Liu Ying , Li Dong , Zhou Yan , Zhang Chaofan , Liu Jie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Although some zero pronuclei (0PN) zygotes cleave and develop into good embryos, they are usually discarded because they lack two distinct pronuclei (2PN). In this case report, we followed four couples to determine whether 0PN embryos could be used in late rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (L-R-ICSI). Here, we report five healthy infants, including one set of twins, derived from "0PN" embryos from four
frozen–warmed embryo transfer (FET) cycles in L-R-ICSI between 2015 and 2017. Of nine infants born from L-R-ICSI cycles in our center, five were "0PN" embryos, and all remained healthy. Embryos from "0PNs", such as 2PN, can develop into healthy babies using L-R-ICSI. This finding suggests that embryos from "0PNs" in L-R-ICSI may be different from traditional 0PN gametes and more likely to originate from 2PN gametes, and they may be used in infertile couples who lack 2PN embryos instead of discarding them. The use of "0PN" embryos increases the cycles reaching embryo transfer, allowing some infertile couples to have healthy children and to avoid mental anguish and wasted time and money.
Lung ultrasound immediately after birth predicts the need for surfactant therapy in very- and extremely preterm infants, the DOLFIN Jr Study
Authors: Badurdeen Shiraz , Kamlin C. Omar F , Rogerson Sheryle R , Kane Stefan C , Polglase Graeme R , Hooper Stuart B , Davis Peter G , Blank Douglas A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEarly identification of infants requiring surfactant therapy improves outcomes. We evaluated the accuracy of delivery room lung ultrasound (LUS) to predict surfactant therapy in very- and extremely preterm infants.MethodsInfants born at <320/7 weeks were prospectively enrolled with parental consent at 2 centres. LUS videos of both sides of the chest were obtained 5-10 minutes, 11-20 minutes, and 1-3 hours after birth. Clinicians were masked to the results of the LUS assessment and surfactant therapy was provided according to local guidelines. LUS videos were graded blinded to clinical data. Presence of unilateral type 1 (‘whiteout’) LUS or worse was considered test positive. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis compared the accuracy of LUS and an FiO2 threshold of 0.3 to predict subsequent surfactant therapy.ResultsFifty-two infants with a median age of 276/7 weeks (IQR 260/7 to 286/7) were studied. Thirty infants (58%) received surfactant. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for LUS at 5-10 minutes, 11-20 minutes and 1-3 hours was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66–0.90), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65-0.88) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75-0.97) respectively, outperforming FiO2 at the 5-10 minute timepoint (AUC 0.45, 95% CI 0.29-0.62, p=0.001). At 11-20 minutes, LUS had a specificity of 95% (95% CI 77-100%) and sensitivity of 59% (95% CI, 39-77%) to predict surfactant therapy. All infants born at 23-276/7 weeks with LUS test positive received surfactant. Twenty-six infants (50%) had worsening of LUS grades on serial assessment.ConclusionsLUS in the delivery room is feasible and accurately predicts surfactant therapy in infants <320/7 weeks. Study registration: ACTRN12617001256369
The use of electronic health records to examine the association between obesity and chronic conditions: Results from a population-based sample in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghnam Suliman , Alessi Saleh , Bosaad Mohamed , Alzahrani Sarah , Alalwan Ibrahim , Alqarni Ali , Alshammari Riyadh , Aldhubai Mohamed , Alfadhel Majid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundObesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. Over the past few decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in Saudi Arabia, putting population health at an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Because of the wide variation in previous local estimates, this study used electronic records of a population-based sample to estimate the prevalence of obesity and its association with diabetes and hypertension.MethodsThis study used records from five hospitals in the National Guard Health Affairs, which provides medical service to about a million beneficiaries. We included individuals aged 17 years or older who visited any outpatient clinic in the past four years (2016-2019). Body mass index (BMI) was measured before the doctor’s encounter. Patients were classified as diabetic or hypertensive if they had any visit during the four years, where the primary diagnosis was one of those conditions or if the patient was taking medications. The associations between obesity (BMI>30) and diabetes and hypertension were evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender, nationality, and region.ResultsA total of 616,092 individuals were included. Of them, 55.0% were females, and the majority were Saudi nationals (93.1%). Approximately 68% of the population were either obese (38.9%) or overweight (29.30%). Obesity was more prevalent among Saudi nationals (39.8% vs. 26.7%, p<0.01) and females (45.3% vs. 31. 2%, p<0.01). Compared to those younger than 26 years of age, those older than 65 years were over 27 times more likely to have diabetes (OR= 27.3, p<0.01). In addition, obesity was independently associated with diabetes mellitus (OR= 2.24, p<0.01) and hypertension (OR= 2.15, p<0.01).ConclusionsThe prevalence of obesity in the study population was high, and more pronounced among women. Our findings call for efforts to intensify preventive measures to reduce obesity and associated conditions. Using electronic records to examine the impact of interventions to reduce obesity and chronic conditions may help monitor and improve population health.
Climate-Driven Trends in Pathogen Spectrum of HFMD
Authors: Du Zhicheng , Huang Yong , Lawrence Wayne R. , Xu Jianxiong , Yang Zhicong , Lu Jianyun , Zhang Zhoubin , Hao Yuantao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Pathogen spectrum is vital during infectious disease epidemics. However, the role of pathogen spectrum during hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics and the major contributing factors remains unknown.Methods: HFMD cases from 2016 to 2018 in Guangzhou, China were collected. The relationship between HFMD cases and pathogen spectrum, as well as the association between pathogen spectrum and climate factors were studied using general linear models. We transformed the pathogen spectrum to the isometric log-ratio (ILR) components included in the model. Additionlly, vaccination rates were adjusted in the climate driven models.Results: We observed seasonal trends in HFMD cases, pathogen spectrum, and climate factors. The model regressing case numbers on pathogen spectrum revealed negative associations with both the ILRs of CAV16 (RR = 0.725, P<0.001) and EV71 (RR = 0.421, P<0.001). The model regressing pathogen spectrum on driven factors showed that the trends for EV71 proportions were inversely related to vaccination rate (%, β = -0.152, P=0.098) and temperature (°C , β = -0.065, P=0.004). Additionally, the trends for CVA16 proportions were inversely related to vaccination rate (%, β = -0.461, P=0.004) and temperature (°C , β = -0.068, P=0.031). The overall trends for pathogen spectrum showed that EV71 decreased significantly, while the trends for CVA16 increased annually.Conclusions: Our findings suggest a potential pathway for climate factors - pathogen spectrum - HFMD cases. Our study is practical and useful for targeted prevention and control, as well as provides environmental-based evidence.
Oral Propranolol in Von Hippel Lindau Ocular Affection
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ BEATRIZ , GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ MARIA , RAMÍREZ NATALIA BEJARANO , ESCRIBANO ROSA MARÍA JIMÉNEZ , CALVO FRANCISCO JAVIER REDONDO 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease is a familial syndrome associated with benign and malignant tumours. These tumours appear in the retina, among other locations. The retinal hemangioblastomas are one of the earliest and most frequent manifestations of this entity, and they can lead to blindness at a young age. Propranolol could be a promising treatment for retinal hemangioblastomas in von Hippel Lindau disease Methods. Prospective cohort study of seven patients with VHL disease and ocular affection that had rejected conventional treatment, taking oral propranolol. We evaluated them for three years, with a complete ophthalmic evaluation that included: visual acuity, intraocular pressure, an examination of the anterior segment of the eye, fundoscopy, retinography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Heart rate and blood pressure were also measured. During the follow-up evaluation, two patients discontinued the treatment with propranolol after the first year and rejected any further treatment for their ocular affection; the rest continued therapy. Results. Visual acuity and tumour areas remained stable in 4 patients. Increased and new retinal exudation area was found in the two patients that discontinued the treatment with oral propranolol. Conclusions. Oral propranolol has shown a role in the reabsorption of retinal exudates in patients with VHL affection. It could delay or stabilise the ocular disease, maintaining visual acuity and avoiding further complications in these patients. It is a well-known and available drug, without so many secondary effects, that could also have a role in other ocular diseases that course with exudation. Trial registration. VHL-HOPE-2014-1. EudraCT Number: 2014-003671-30; Registered 22 September 2014 - https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2014-003671-30/ES
Geodesic Cycle Length Distributions in Delusional and Other Social Networks
Authors: Stivala Alex 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A recently published paper [Martin (2017) JoSS 18(1):1-21] investigates the structure of an unusual set of social networks, those of the alternate personalities described by a patient undergoing therapy for multiple personality disorder (now known as dissociative identity disorder). The structure of these networks is modeled using the dk-series, a sequence of nested network distributions of increasing complexity. Martin finds that the first of these networks contains a striking feature of a large “hollow ring”; a cycle with no shortcuts, so that the shortest path between any two nodes in the cycle is along the cycle (in more precise graph theory terms, this is a geodesic cycle). However, the subsequent networks have much smaller largest cycles, smaller than those expected by the models. In this work, I re-analyze these delusional social networks using exponential random graph models (ERGMs) and investigate the distribution of the lengths of geodesic cycles. I also conduct similar investigations for some other social networks, both fictional and empirical, and show that the geodesic cycle length distribution is a macro-level structure that can arise naturally from the micro-level processes modeled by the ERGM.
Ukraine’s State Regulation of the Economic Development of Territories in the Context of Budgetary Decentralisation
Authors: Osaulenko Oleksandr H. , Bondaruk Taisiia , Momotiuk Liudmyla 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of Ukraine’s state legislation regulating the economic development of territories, in the context of budget decentralization. The study also describes the transformation of the public administration system necessitated by the above-mentioned phenomenon. The authors discuss the basic methods by which the state can regulate the activity of local self-government bodies: the legislative regulation, where the intervention of public authorities is minimized, and the administrative regulation, which provides rules and instructions which determine the relations between central and local authorities. The authors conduct and describe a methodologically consistent, systematic analysis of state regulations which support the local self-governments’ activity. The paper also discusses the recent economic changes in Ukraine which demonstrate that the reform of the local self-government system and the decentralization of authority entail both prospects and problems for the country’s development. As might be expected, the authors focus particularly on those problems that have not been solved yet. Additionally, statistical estimations of the phenomena relating to the process of producing state legislation regulating the economic development of territories in the context of budgetary decentralization have been provided. The authors conclude that a successful territorial development strategy requires a joint transformation of the way of the society’s thinking and the modernisation of both the Ukrainian business and the state.
Oncologic Children Undergoing Radiotherapy: Ways to Alleviate the Psychological Burden: A Review
Authors: Skoutari Angeliki , Chounta Eftychia , Skenteris Nikolaos , Tsoukalas Nikolaos , Alexopoulou Aikaterini , Tolia Maria 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Radiation therapy is stressful for both the patient and family. After a
child's cancer diagnosis, parents face the burden of dealing with fear, their children's needs and the
unfamiliarity of radiotherapy procedure.

Introduction:
This paper aims to present methods to alleviate the total psychological stress those
children and parents feel during the radiation course.

Method:
A literature search was performed until January 2020.

Result:
Previous publications suggest a multidisciplinary proactive approach involving health professionals,
patient, family, and extended family to lessen the stress associated with radiation therapy.
A well-trained, specialist, healthcare radiotherapy-pediatric staff can help, educate and communicate
effectively with the family. Maintaining the same health staff during radiotherapy creates intimacy
and reduces anxiety. All necessary age-appropriate information as well as a list available
with the most important things about the care-giving should be clearly written and easily accessible.
An information exchange system among all the health specialists involved must be developed.
Friendly and playful specialists are crucial in familiarizing the child with the computed tomography
(CT) machines and radiotherapy process. A tablet with an educating application or machine
models installed in the waiting area can be useful. Creative arts therapy may be a positive intervention.
Maintaining a normal routine is vital for the psychological well-being of parents and children.
A social worker may assist in regaining a good mental state.

Conclusion:
With ongoing age-appropriate information and psychological support throughout the whole radiation period,
both parents and child will be more optimistic, strong and encouraged to fight for the child’s and family’s well-being.
Design and Analysis of a High Efficient Multi-Segment Redundancy Linear Motor
Authors: Shi Chunyuan , Jiang Jingang , Wang Lei , Pan Wei , Tang Zili , Zeng Yang 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The electromagnetic aircraft launch system helps the carrier aircraft accelerate
take-off on a short distance on the flight deck. Linear motors are required to have high efficiency and
thrust / volume ratio, as the actuator of the EMALS. In addition, linear motors were required to have
the fluctuation of the thrust is as small as possible to prevent impact and overstress on the airborne
equipment. The thrust performance and thrust fluctuation suppression of linear motors are the current
research hotspots in the field of EMALS.

Objective:
This paper proposes a multi-segment LPMSM to improve the efficiency of the system.

Methods:
We design a decentralized primary structure based on the Autonomous Decentralized System
(ADS) concept. Only the coils near the moving secondary are motivated during the launch process. The
others could be released from being driven after the secondary slide over; this control will save energy.

Results:
A multi-segment linear motor is proposed to improve the efficiency of the EMALS. This motor
consists of two sections - the one with iron core for the low speed process and the one without iron
core for the high speed process.

Conclusion:
The normal direction component of the air gap magnetic flux density is much larger than that of the
longitudinal component, and their values are 80-90% and 10-20% respectively. For the normal direction component, it is
mainly affected by the third, seventh, and ninth harmonics. The accelerating and energy test results show that, in the
accelerating process, the efficiency of the linear motor can be more than 90%, and the acceleration is stable.
A Computational Model for Driver Risk Evaluation and Crash Prediction Using Contextual Data from On-board Telematics
Authors: Mittal Sangeeta , Jain Neetika 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Vehicle crashes can be hazardous to public safety and may cause infrastructure
damage. Risky driving significantly raises the possibility of the occurrence of a vehicle crash. As
per statistics by the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.35 million people are involved
in road traffic crashes resulting in loss of life or physical disability. WHO attributes events
like over-speeding, drunken driving, distracted driving, dilapidated road infrastructure and unsafe
practices such as non-use of helmets and seatbelts to road traffic accidents. As these driving events
negatively affect driving quality and enhance the risk of a vehicle crash, they are termed as negative
driving attributes.

Methods:
A multi-level hierarchical fuzzy rules-based computational model has been designed to
capture risky driving by a driver as a driving risk index. Data from the onboard telematics device and
vehicle controller area network is used for capturing the required information in a naturalistic way
during actual driving conditions. Fuzzy rules-based aggregation and inference mechanisms have
been designed to alert about the possibility of a crash due to the onset of risky driving.

Results:
On-board telematics data of 3213 sub-trips of 19 drivers has been utilized to learn long term
risky driving attributes. Furthermore, the current trip assessment of these drivers demonstrates the
efficacy of the proposed model in correctly modeling the driving risk index of all of them, including
7 drivers who were involved in a crash after the monitored trip.

Conclusions:
In this work, risky driving behavior has been associated not just with rash driving but
also other contextual data like driver’s long-term risk aptitude and environmental context such as
type of roads, traffic volume and weather conditions. Trip-wise risky driving behavior of six out of
seven drivers, who had met with a crash during that trip, was correctly predicted during evaluation.
Similarly, for the other 12 drivers, the model accurately predicted safe driving behavior as these
drivers did not meet with any vehicle crash. The proposed model can be used as an alert mechanism
to indicate potential crash scenarios to the driver. The current study did not study lane changing behavior
in detail due to difficulty in capturing road lanes in the Indian context.