bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Batteria Electrochemical Polymerization to Form a Protective Conducting Layer on Se/C Cathodes for High‐Performance Li–Se Batteries
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Lee Haeun , Ha Naram , Lee Jung Tae , Jung Jaehan , Eom KwangSup 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe lithium–selenium (Li–Se) battery is a promising energy storage system for portable devices owing to its high energy density (2528 Wh L−1) and electrical conductivity (10−3 S m−1). The main issue with Li–Se batteries is their poor stability originating from the dissolution of Se‐containing compounds. Hence, many studies have focused on the immobilization of Se using protective layers prepared via ex situ or in situ approaches. However, these strategies are too complicated and costly for practical use. Herein, a facile in batteria electrochemical treatment to form a protective conductive layer on a Se‐based cathode is introduced. Specifically, aniline monomers added to an assembled Li–Se cell are polymerized into electrically conductive polyaniline. The treated Li–Se cell exhibits 40% higher capacity retention compared to untreated one. Moreover, at a high rate (4 C), the treated cell maintains a capacity of 1538 mAh cm−3, whereas the untreated cell exhibits no capacity. The enhanced cyclic stability and rate capability are attributed to the electrochemical formation of a uniform, ultrathin (≤10 nm) polyaniline layer, to confine lithium polyselenides with its C−N bonds, and improve ionic conductivity by self‐doping with lithium salts to form delocalized polaron lattice in the polyaniline.
Magnetic Retrieval of Encapsulated Beta Cell Transplants from Diabetic Mice Using Dual‐Function MRI Visible and Retrievable Microcapsules
Authors: Delcassian Derfogail , Luzhansky Igor , Spanoudaki Virginia , Bochenek Matthew , McGladrigan Collin , Nguyen Amy , Norcross Samuel , Zhu Yuhan , Shan Crystal Shuo , Hausser Reed , Shakesheff Kevin M. , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEncapsulated beta cell transplantation offers a potential cure for a subset of diabetic patients. Once transplanted, beta cell grafts can help to restore glycemic control; however, locating and retrieving cells in the event of graft failure may pose a surgical challenge. Here, a dual‐function nanoparticle‐loaded hydrogel microcapsule is developed that enables graft retrieval under an applied magnetic field. Additionally, this system facilitates graft localization via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and graft isolation from the immune system. Iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated within alginate hydrogel capsules containing viable islets are transplanted and the in vitro and in vivo retrieval of capsules containing nanoparticles functionalized with various ligands are compared. Capsules containing islets co‐encapsulated with COOH‐coated nanoparticles restore normal glycemia in immunocompetent diabetic mice for at least 6 weeks, can be visualized using MRI, and are retrievable in a magnetic field. Application of a magnetic field for 90 s via a magnetically assisted retrieval device facilitates rapid retrieval of up to 94% (±3.1%) of the transplant volume 24 h after surgical implantation. This strategy aids monitoring of cell‐capsule locations in vivo, facilitates graft removal at the end of the transplant lifetime, and may be applicable to many encapsulated cell transplant systems.
Edge‐Rich Fe−N4 Active Sites in Defective Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Wang Xin , Jia Yi , Mao Xin , Liu Daobin , He Wenxiang , Li Jia , Liu Jianguo , Yan Xuecheng , Chen Jun , Song Li , Du Aijun , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractControllably constructing nitrogen‐modified divacancies (ND) in carbon substrates to immobilize atomic Fe species and unveiling the advantageous configuration is still challenging, but indispensable for attaining optimal Fe−N−C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a fundamental investigation of unfolding intrinsically superior edge‐ND trapped atomic Fe motifs (e‐ND−Fe) relative to an intact center model (c‐ND−Fe) in ORR electrocatalysis is reported. Density functional theory calculations reveal that local electronic redistribution and bandgap shrinkage for e‐ND−Fe endow it with a lower free‐energy barrier toward direct four‐electron ORR. Inspired by this, a series of atomic Fe catalysts with adjustable ND−Fe coordination are synthesized, which verify that ORR performance highly depends on the concentration of e‐ND−Fe species. Remarkably, the best e‐ND−Fe catalyst delivers a favorable kinetic current density and halfwave potential that can be comparable to benchmark Pt−C under acidic conditions. This work will guide to develop highly active atomic metal catalysts through rational defect engineering.
Advances in Fiber‐Optic Technology for Point‐of‐Care Diagnosis and In Vivo Biosensing
Authors: Tabassum Shawana , Kumar Ratnesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDevelopment of reliable, sensitive, selective, and miniaturized sensing technologies is critical for health assessment and early diagnosis and treatment of diseases/anomalies while simultaneously mitigating the challenges associated with in vivo measurements. Some critical constraints to the realization of in vivo measurements include the necessity to fabricate the sensor on a tightly constrained footprint while ensuring acceptable biocompatibility, accuracy, and reliability. The inherent light‐guiding properties of optical fibers over long distances, their microscopic cross‐section that can be structured at the nanoscale to manipulate the light transmittance/reflectance spectrum, excellent biocompatibility enabling their efficient integration with biorecognition molecules, immunity to electromagnetic interference, mechanical flexibility, and low cost have been inviting research attention to utilize these unique features for in vivo and label‐free point‐of‐care diagnostics. Hence, fiber‐optic biosensing has become a promising research thrust, with a plethora of emerging methodologies to develop ultrasensitive and selective sensing probes. A unified presentation of the research trends on biosensors incorporated into optical fibers is presented.
Highly Sensitive Conformal Pressure Sensing Coatings Based on Thermally Expandable Microspheres
Authors: Shao Tianyu , Wu Jianing , Zhang Yuhan , Cheng Yuanrong , Zuo Zhengqing , Lv Hongkun , Ying Mingliang , Wong C. P. , Li Zhuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGreat progress has been made to enhance the sensitivity of flexible pressure sensors recently. However, the format of these sensors has largely been limited to thin films. A highly sensitive pressure sensor based on coatings, which can ensure uniform coverage over large area as well as conformal contact with complex surfaces because of the flowability before solidification, has rarely been reported. Here, a highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensing coating is demonstrated for the first time. This sensor utilizes conductive composite coatings as electrodes and thermally expandable microspheres/polydimethylsiloxane composite coating as the dielectric layer. The expanded microspheres greatly enhance the compressibility and thus increase the sensitivity of the pressure sensors to 0.201 kPa−1 under 50 kPa. At the same time, it achieves the largest pressure‐sensing range in capacitive pressure sensors so far from 10 Pa to 4.5 MPa with a sensitivity of 3 × 10−4 kPa−1. It also features low hysteresis and good stability against repeated compression. More importantly, the format of coating not only reduces the cost and complexity of fabrication, but also facilitates the applications on surfaces with complex shapes, which paves the way for facile and economic application of flexible pressure sensors in the future.
Restriction‐Induced Luminescence Enhancement in 2D Interlayer Supramolecular Infinite Solid Solution for Cell Imaging
Authors: Ma Ruili , Li Ran , Liu Xuefei , Zhang Ping , Yang Xueting , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConsidering the anionic intercalation capacities of layered double hydroxides (LDH), 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone‐5‐sulfonate (BP4) and decanesulfonate (DES) anions are cointercalated into the interlayers of Mg2Al‐LDH to form DES–BP4 (x%)/LDH composites, which can be regarded as 2D interlayer supramolecular infinite solid solutions (2D ISISSs), according to a structural analysis. Compared to those of pristine BP4, the fluorescence properties of DES–BP4 (x%)/LDH 2D ISISSs are significantly improved and their emission peak wavelengths are adjustable in the range of 491–510 nm by varying x. DES–BP4 (8%)/LDH exhibits the optimal fluorescence properties. Its quantum yield, lifetime, and fluorescence intensity are increased ≈14, 4, and 45 times, respectively. Moreover, its nonradiative relaxation rate constant is decreased five times, while its radiative relaxation rate constant is increased three times. The luminescence enhancement can be attributed to the formation of the 2D ISISSs system, which effectively restricted the intramolecular movements of BP4 anions. Owing to its enhanced fluorescence properties, DES–BP4 (8%)/LDH exhibits outstanding performances for cell penetration and confocal fluorescence imaging and lifetime imaging of lysosome in HeLa cells. Therefore, the 2D ISISSs based on the LDH matrix provide a novel route to optimize the performances of functional molecules and expand their applications.
Life history evolution, species differences, and phenotypic plasticity in hemiparasitic eyebrights (Euphrasia)
Authors: Brown Max R. , Frachon Natacha , Wong Edgar L. Y. , Metherell Chris , Twyford Alex D. 
Published: March 2020

PremiseSpecies delimitation in parasitic organisms is challenging because traits used to identify species are often plastic and vary depending on the host. Here, we use species from a recent radiation of generalist hemiparasitic Euphrasia to investigate trait variation and trait plasticity. We tested whether Euphrasia species show reliable trait differences, investigated whether these differences correspond to life history trade‐offs between growth and reproduction, and quantified plasticity in response to host species.MethodsCommon garden experiments were used to evaluate trait differences between 11 Euphrasia taxa grown on a common host, document phenotypic plasticity when a single Euphrasia species is grown on eight different hosts, and relate observations to trait differences recorded in the wild.ResultsEuphrasia exhibited variation in life history strategies; some individuals transitioned rapidly to flowering at the expense of early season growth, while others invested in vegetative growth and delayed flowering. Life history differences were present between some species, though many related taxa lacked clear trait differences. Species differences were further blurred by phenotypic plasticity—many traits were plastic and changed with host type or between environments.ConclusionsPhenotypic plasticity in response to host and environment confounds species delimitation in Euphrasia. When grown in a common garden environment, some morphologically distinct taxa can be identified, though others represent morphologically similar shallow segregates. Trait differences present between some species and populations demonstrate the rapid evolution of distinct life history strategies in response to local ecological conditions.
Biodegradable soy protein‐based matrices for the controlled release of zinc in horticulture
Authors: Jiménez‐Rosado Mercedes , Alonso‐González María , Rubio‐Valle Jose Fernando , Perez‐Puyana Victor , Romero Alberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNowadays, biodegradable protein‐based matrices capable of storing micronutrients and releasing them in a controlled manner are being studied in order to avoid an excessive use of fertilizers. One of the methods to add micronutrients into matrices is through an immersion stage in a saturated solution, which provides matrices with high superficial content of zinc but no incorporation of this element inside the matrix. This is due to the growth of an external layer that keeps the ions from entering the structure. In this study, the plasticizer was modified with the aim of creating more free space to help the ions penetrate the matrices. Thus, the water incorporation generated more rigid matrices with less micronutrient incorporation but with a more homogeneous distribution of the micronutrient (Zn) within it, being more suitable for its controlled release.
The influence of coating with aminopropyl triethoxysilane and CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles on antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics under dark conditions
Authors: Marković Darka , Vasiljević Jelena , Ašanin Jelena , Ilic‐Tomic Tatjana , Tomšič Brigita , Jokić Bojan , Mitrić Miodrag , Simončič Barbara , Mišić Dušan , Radetić Maja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel impregnation process for the fabrication of cotton nanocomposite with strong antimicrobial activity against antibiotics‐resistant bacteria and yeast was developed. The impregnation process includes the sol–gel treatment of fabric with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in the first step, and synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) on the fabric surface in the second step. The in situ synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O NPs was based on the adsorption of Cu2+‐ions by the introduced amino groups of the sol–gel coating. The adsorbed Cu2+‐ions are subsequently reduced in the alkaline solution of NaBH4. X‐ray diffraction measurements confirmed the formation of CuO/Cu2O NPs. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry analyses indicate that the particle size, agglomeration, and amounts of synthesized NPs were highly affected by the initial concentration of CuSO4solution. The toxicity of nanocomposites to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negativeEscherichia coliATCC 25922,E. coliATCC BAA 2469, andKlebsiella pneumoniaeATCC BAA 2146, and Gram‐positive bacteriaStaphylococcus aureusATCC 25923,S. aureusATCC 43300 and yeastCandida albicansATCC 24433 strongly depended on the copper content. In addition to excellent antimicrobial activity, controlled release of Cu2+‐ions from the fabrics into physiological saline solution was obtained.
Psychoanalysis and public health: Potential for integration?
Authors: Holinger Paul C. , Spira Neal E. , Barrett Denia , Barrett Thomas F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPsychoanalysis and public health appear to have an important but uneasy and rarely discussed relationship. Both fields have made significant contributions to mental health, despite major differences in their concepts and methods. Although controversies exist, we suggest that there are important areas of overlap and potential integration, with benefit to both fields and the understanding of human development and mental health. In order to explore these issues, we will first examine some of the early connections between psychoanalysis and public health. Next, we will focus on various assets and liabilities of each field. Third, we will look at one example of this integration, namely, physical punishment and violence. Finally, we will explore the question of resistance to social activism in the two fields.
Evidence for an elongated Achilles tendon inAustralopithecus
Authors: McNutt Ellison J. , DeSilva Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractModern humans have the longest Achilles tendon (AT) of all the living primates. It has been proposed that this anatomy increases locomotor efficiency and that its elongation may have played a crucial role in the origin and early evolution of the genusHomo. Unfortunately, determining the length of the AT in extinct hominins has been difficult as tendons do not fossilize. Several methods have been proposed for estimating the length of the AT from calcaneal morphology, but the results have been inconclusive. This study tested the relationship between the area of the superior calcaneal facet and AT length in extant primates. The superior facet is instructive because it anchors the retrocalcaneal bursa, a soft tissue structure which helps to reduce friction between the AT and the calcaneus. Calcanei from 145 extant anthropoid primates from 12 genera were photographed in posterior view and the relative superior facet size quantified. AT lengths were obtained from published sources. The relative area of the superior facet is predictive of AT length in primates (R2= 0.83;p < .001) and differs significantly between the great apes and humans (p < 0.001). When applied to fossilAustralopithecuscalcanei, our results suggest that australopiths possessed a longer, more human‐like, AT than previously thought. These findings have important implications for the locomotor capabilities ofAustralopithecus, including their capacity for endurance running and climbing.
A hybrid model for monthly water demand prediction: A case study of Austin, Texas
Authors: Lu Hongfang , Matthews John , Han Shuai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWater demand prediction is an essential prerequisite for urban water resource allocation and pipeline network management. This article uses a hybrid model to improve the accuracy of predicting water demand. The model combines a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, genetic cross factor (GCF), fruit fly optimization algorithm (FFOA), and support vector machine (SVM) to predict monthly water demand. The monthly water consumption data from 2012 to 2017 in Austin, Texas, are used to develop and test the model. The prediction results are compared with other intelligent algorithms, such as the hybrid model combination particle swarm optimizer with SVM and back‐propagation neural network. The results show that the mean absolute percentage error of FFOA‐GCFSA‐SVM is the smallest, and it is reduced by 16% and 51.17%, respectively, compared with the other two models. Moreover, the influences of kernel function and input variables on prediction results are analyzed, and the effects of sliding window length, data classification, and forecasting period on prediction results are discussed. We concluded that (1) for the city of Austin, the model with a Gaussian kernel function and historical data period of 6 months has higher prediction accuracy; (2) the monthly water demand in Austin is mainly influenced by the local population; and (3) data classification by season can reduce the interference of temperature on prediction.
Risk of local recurrence of rectal cancer and circumferential resection margin: population-based cohort study
Authors: Agger E A , Jörgren F H , Lydrup M-L A , Buchwald P L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
A circumferential resection margin (CRM) of 1·0 mm or less after rectal cancer surgery is thought to increase the risk of local recurrence (LR). This retrospective population-based study examined how CRM distance affects the LR risk.

Methods
Data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry were used in a retrospective analysis of rectal cancers resected between 2005 and 2013. The primary endpoint was LR.

Results
A total of 12 146 patients were identified, of whom 8392 were included in the analysis; 739 patients had a CRM of 1·0 mm or less and 7653 had a CRM larger than 1·0 mm. The mean follow-up time was 51 months. There were 66 LRs (8·9 per cent) in the group with a CRM of 1·0 mm or less, and 256 (3·3 per cent) among patients with a CRM larger than 1·0 mm. The LR rate was 17·0 per cent (27 of 159), 6·7 per cent (39 of 580), 1·9 per cent (2 of 103) and 3·4 per cent (254 of 7550) when the CRM was 0, 0·1–1·0, 1·1–1·9 and at least 2·0 mm respectively. The risk of LR among patients with a CRM of 0 mm was higher than that in all other subgroups with a larger CRM (P &lt; 0·050). There was no difference in LR between the subgroups with CRM 1·1–1·9 mm and at least 2·0 mm. LR was diagnosed earlier when the CRM was 1·0 mm or less.

Conclusion
LR risk is related to exact CRM, with the highest risk in patients with a CRM of 0 mm. Close monitoring of patients with no measurable clear margin may allow early detection of LR.
Separation of mononuclear cells and identification of B lymphocytes: A comprehensive experiment for medical students
Authors: Li Jiao , Gao Furong , Jin Caixia , Shi Xiujuan , Zhang Chen , Jia Song , Xu Jie , Lv Lixia , Yang Wenzhuo , Xu Lei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn teaching of experiments for medical students, by using the isolation of mononuclear cells and identification of B lymphocytes, an experiment was developed that integrated biochemistry, cytology, and immunology techniques, from which the students performed a series of operations including spleen separation, isolating mononuclear cells, and identifying B lymphocytes. From the immunocytochemistry detection, we included advanced equipment—a flow cytometer—in the experiment, which detected the B lymphocytes more accurately. Moreover, we applied modern information technology to the teaching of experiments by using an internet study platform, micro‐lectures, and adopting “formative teaching and evaluation.” This lab practice aims to increase the ability of medical students to solve problems using flexible scientific methods, to initiate them thinking about clinical and research application.
Tamoxifen is a candidate first‐in‐class inhibitor of acid ceramidase that reduces amitotic division in polyploid giant cancer cells—Unrecognized players in tumorigenesis
Authors: White‐Gilbertson Shai , Lu Ping , Jones Christian M. , Chiodini Stephanie , Hurley Deborah , Das Arabinda , Delaney Joe R. , Norris James S. , Voelkel‐Johnson Christina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) represent a poorly understood, small subpopulation of tumor cells that are increasingly being recognized for their critical role in therapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. PGCC have the potential to generate progeny through primitive or cleavage‐like division, which allows them to evade antimitotic insults. We recently demonstrated that the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is required for this process. Since specific ASAH1 inhibitors are not clinically available, we investigated whether tamoxifen, which interferes with ASAH1 function via off‐target effects, has a potential clinical benefit independent of estrogen signaling. Our results show that tamoxifen inhibits generation of PGCC offspring in prostate cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma cells. Analysis of two state‐level cancer registries revealed that tamoxifen improves survival outcomes for second, nonbreast cancers that develop in women with early stage breast cancer. Our results suggest that tamoxifen may have a clinical benefit in a variety of cancers that is independent of estrogen signaling and could be due to its inhibition of acid ceramidase. Thus the distinct application of tamoxifen as potentially a first‐in‐class therapeutic that inhibits the generation of PGCC offspring should be considered in future clinical trials.