bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of prophylactic anticoagulation on incidence of venous thromboembolism in testicular germ cell tumor patients
Authors: Hapakova Nikola , Chovanec Michal , Rejlekova Katarina , Kalavska Katarina , Obertova Jana , Palacka Patrik , De Angelis Valentina , Sycova-Mila Zuzana , Mardiak Jozef , Mego Michal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are among the most common solid tumors in young males. With the availability of highly effective treatment, improving patients’ quality of life has gained more focus in recent years. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), commonly occurring in GCT patients, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic anticoagulation has been shown to decrease the risk of VTE in patients with malignancy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis on incidence of VTE and outcome in GCT patients treated with first-line chemotherapy. Methods Our study population included chemotherapy-naive GCT patients treated with first-line chemotherapy at the National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia from January 2000 to December 2017. VTE was defined as any venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, confirmed by imaging, occurring during first-line chemotherapy. Patients diagnosed with VTE on initial staging exam were excluded from the study. No visceral thromboses were observed. Results Our cohort included 353 GCT patients. LMWH prophylaxis was administered to 104 patients (29.5%), 249 patients (70.5%) did not receive prophylaxis. We observed 14 (4.0%) VTE events. The difference in VTE incidence between patients with and without prophylaxis was not statistically significant (5.8% vs. 3.2% P = 0.37). We have observed a trend to longer overall survival in patients without prophylaxis (hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.32-1.13, P = 0.08). Patients with extragonadal GCT receiving VTE prophylaxis had significantly shorter survival. (hazard ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.08-1.12, P = 0.04). This effect was most likely driven by higher incidence of treatment related deaths in patients with extragonadal GCT receiving LMWH. ( P = 0.06) Conclusions LMWH prophylaxis was not associated with decreased VTE incidence. Moreover, there was a higher incidence of treatment related deaths in patients with extragonadal tumor location. LMWH prophylaxis during hospitalization should not be used routinely in GCT patients receiving chemotherapy.
Inequality in health service utilization among migrant and local children: a cross-sectional survey of children aged 0–14 years in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Ke Xiatong , Zhang Liang , Tang Wenxi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Shenzhen has the largest number of migrant children of all cities in China. Unequal access to basic health services among migrant and local children greatly affects health equity and has a profound impact on the quality of human capital. This study aimed to investigate differences in child health management service utilization between local and migrant children in the Futian District of Shenzhen and to identify factors influencing these differences.Methods: This study extracted the data on child health management in the Futian District of Shenzhen from the 2018 Survey of Health Service Needs of Chinese Residents in the New Era. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences between local and migrant children, and specific factors affecting child health management service utilization were analyzed with binary logistic regression.Results: In this study, 1512 families in 12 communities in Futian District, Shenzhen were investigated. Among this families, 936 participants were aged 0-14 years, and the final effective sample size was 508. The greatest difference between migrant and local children was in the utilization of development guidance services (59% vs. 77.5%, P < 0.001). The main factors influencing physical examination, development guidance, disease prevention guidance, injury prevention guidance, oral health guidance and mental health guidance service utilization were mother’s educational level, household registration, father’s educational level, father’s occupation and annual family income, household registration, the child’s sex and father’s occupation, respectively. The odds of having used disease prevention guidance were 2.257 times higher among children whose fathers had an undergraduate education or above compared with children whose fathers had a junior high school education or below (95% CI: 1.417–3.595). The odds of having used injury prevention guidance were 46.3% lower for children whose fathers were mixed white-/blue-collar workers compared with children whose fathers were white-collar workers (OR = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.361–0.799). The odds of having used mental health guidance were 52.2% lower among children whose fathers were mixed white-/blue-collar workers compared with those whose fathers were white-collar workers (OR = 0.478, 95% CI: 0.293–0.777).Conclusions: In the Futian District of Shenzhen, health management service utilization is significantly lower among migrant children than among local children. Father’s educational level and occupation limit the utilization of child health management services for migrant children. Fathers have a stronger influence on children’s health service utilization than do mothers. The potential influence of fathers in promoting children’s health maintenance should be carefully considered, and fathers’ attention to children’s health should be increased.
Detecting fitness epistasis in recent admixed populations with genome-wide data
Authors: Ni Xumin , Zhou Mengshi , Wang Heming , He Karen , Broeckel Uli , Hanis Craig , Kardia Sharon , Redline Susan , Cooper Richard , Tang Hua , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Fitness epistasis, the interaction effect of genes at different loci on fitness, has an important contribution for adaptive evolution. Although fitness interaction evidence has been observed in model organisms, it is less detectable and remains poorly understood in human populations owing to the limited statistical power and experimental constraints. Fitness epistasis is inferred from non-independence between unlinked loci. We previously observed ancestral block correlation between chromosomes 4 and 6 in African Americans. The same approach fails when examining ancestral blocks on the same chromosome due to strong confounding effect in a recently admixed population. Results: We developed a novel approach to eliminate the bias caused by admixture linkage disequilibrium when searching for fitness epistasis on the same chromosome. We applied this approach in 16,252 unrelated African Americans and identified significant ancestral correlations in two pairs of genomic regions (P-value<8.11×10-7) on chromosomes 1 and 10. The ancestral correlations were not explained by population admixture. Historical African-European crossover events are reduced between pair of epistatic regions. We observed multiple pairs of co-expressed genes between the two regions on each chromosome, including ADAR being co-expressed with IFI44 in almost all tissues and DARC being co-expressed with VCAM1, S1PR1 and ELTD1 in multiple tissues in GTEx. Moreover, the co-expressed gene pairs are associated with the same diseases/traits in the GWAS Catalog, such as white blood cell count, blood pressure, lung function, inflammatory bowel disease and educational attainment. Conclusions: Our analyses revealed two instances of fitness epistasis on chromosomes 1 and 10, and the findings suggest a potential approach to better understand adaptive evolution.
The role of exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in heart transplantation tolerance
Authors: Zhu Jinguo , Zheng Junmeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Treg cells) play major roles in immune regulation. Previous studies showed CD4+CD25+ Treg cells can maintain peripheral immune tolerance and increase survival time of transplanted organs. However, the biological characteristics and the functional roles of these exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in transplantation tolerance remain unknown. The current study was conducted to observe the effect of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells on heart allograft in rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism of the exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells.Methods: 5 x 107 spleen cells of SD rats were inoculated into the thymus gland of Wistar rats. The level of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells was examined by the flow cytometry method, and the biological activity of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells was detected by the 3H-TdR method. Hearts were transplanted from SD rats (donors) to Wistar rats (recipients) and the animals were assigned into four groups: HT, HT+Ii,HT+Treg, HT+Treg+Ii. At various time points after the transplantation, the transplanted hearts were collected and histologically examined. The rate of lymphocyte apoptosis and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood of Wistar rats were analyzed with flow cytometry.Results: The CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in Wistar rats were sharply increased. The results show that these exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells have a significant inhibitory effect: the mean survival time of the transplanted hearts was 8.1 ± 1.2 days, 35.7 ± 4.7 days，53.7 ± 6.2 days, 75.7 ± 11.3 days in HT, HT+Ii, HT+Treg, and HT+Ii+Treg group, respectively (n = 12-14/group). Among them, HT vs. HT+Treg and HT vs. HT+Treg+Ii were both significantly different (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells improved the pathological changes of the transplanted hearts, increased the rate of lymphocyte apoptosis, upregulated CD3+CD8+T cells, and suppressed CD3+CD4+ T cells.Conclusions: Exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells appear to induce heart transplantation tolerance. The underlying mechanism is associated with the exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells-dependent induction of lymphocyte apoptosis and modulation of the ratio of T cell subsets.
The Reversed Halo Sign in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Zhao Huifang , Liang Ting , Wu Carol C. , Jin Chao , liu Zhe , Wang Yan , Liu Yang , Li Hao , Wang Zekun , Zhou Jie , Liang Yukun , Zhou Heping , Wang Xibin , Ren Zhuanqin , Yang Jian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency and time course of RHS on CT in patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methodsA total of 147 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were divided into mild, moderate, severe and critical categories. The number, location, shape, wall appearance of RHS on CT were analyzed. Other parenchymal abnormalities include GGO, consolidation and linear opacity were also recorded.ResultsRHS was observed in 37 (25.2%) of 147 patients and it was more common in patients with moderate disease than severe or critical disease (31.3% vs. 13.0%, P = 0.019). Time from symptom onset to appearance of RHS was 9 ± 5 days in moderate patients and 14 ± 8 days in severe/critical patients. A total of 64 RHS lesions were identified and the majority of lesions were located in peripheral aspect of lungs (55, 85.9%) and lower lobes (52, 81.2%). All lesions with RHS were round or oval-shaped. The rim of RHS were smooth in 54 (84.4%) and irregular in 10 (15.6%). Follow-up CT scans of 27 patients (50 lesions) showed 43(86%) lesions gradually resolved or developed into GGO and linear opacities and 7(14%) lesions remained unchanged appearance.ConclusionsRHS occurred sooner after symptom onset and with higher frequency in patients with moderate compared to those with severe or critical disease. RHS may represent a favorable prognostic sign in COVID-19 pneumonia.Key Points• 37 (25.2%) of 147 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had RHS on at least one CT• RHS was more prevalent in patients with moderate disease than those with severe or critical disease• RHSs (78.4%) mostly occurred within 2 weeks after symptom onset
Comprehensive analysis of the strength and safety of potentially hazardous facilities subject to uncertainties
Authors: Makhutov N. A. , Reznikov D. O. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. This paper aims to compare the two primary approaches to ensuring the structural strength and safety of potentially hazardous facilities, i.e. the deterministic approach that is based on ensuring standard values of a strength margin per primary limit state mechanisms, and the probabilistic approach, under which the strength condition criterion is the nonexceedance by the target values of probability of damage per various damage modes of the standard maximum allowable values. . The key problem of ensuring the structural strength is the high level of uncertainties that are conventionally subdivided into two types: (1) the uncertainties due to the natural variation of the parameters that define the load-carrying ability of a system and the load it is exposed to, and (2) the uncertainties due to the human factor (the limited nature of human knowledge of a system and possibility of human error at various stages of system operation). The methods of uncertainty mitigation depend on the approach applied to strength assurance: under the deterministic approach the random variables “load” and “carrying capacity” are replaced with deterministic values, i.e. their mathematical expectations, while the fulfillment of the strength conditions subject to uncertainties is ensured by introducing the condition that the relation of the mathematical expectation of the loadcarrying capacity and strength must exceed the standard value of strength margin that, in turn, must be greater than unity. As part of the probabilistic approach, the structural strength is assumed to be ensured if the estimated probability of damage per the given mechanism of limit state attainment does not exceed the standard value of the probability of damage.Conclusions. The two approaches (deterministic and probabilistic) can be deemed equivalent only in particular cases. The disadvantage of both is the limited capability to mitigate the uncertainties of the second type defined by the effects of the human factor, as well as the absence of a correct procedure of accounting for the severity of consequences caused by the attainment of the limit state. The above disadvantages can be overcome if risk-based methods are used in ensuring structural strength and safety. Such methods allow considering uncertainties of the second type and explicitly taking into consideration the criticality of consequences of facility destruction.
<b>UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS EM PROJETOS COM ALUNOS DE ENSINO MÉDIO NO CONTEXTO DE VIDEOAULAS PARA SURDOS</b>
Authors: Schefer Ricardo Pezzotti , Furnival Ariadne Chloe Mary 
Published: March 2020

Os alunos surdos de Ensino Médio apresentam grande dificuldade para acompanhar os conteúdos das aulas. Em grande parte, esse problema se deve pela falha na comunicação, tendo em vista que a maioria desses jovens utiliza a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) para se comunicar e têm dificuldade com o Português. Ainda que hajam leis que garantam recursos de acessibilidade, como a presença de interpretes em sala de aula, a realidade das escolas é bem diferente. De outro lado, as tecnologias avançam proporcionando melhores formas de comunicação. Porém o aluno de Ensino Médio, ainda que conheça tais tecnologias, não conhece-as o suficiente para fazer o uso adequado das mesmas. As metodologias ativas empregadas em caráter interdisciplinar e orientadas pelo professor podem garantir o uso adequado dessas tecnologias em prol de um melhor ensino-aprendizado. Este projeto apresenta um estudo de caso, com o objetivo de empregar metodologias ativas na construção de videoaulas para alunos surdos. Os resultados apresentaram um grande engajamento do aluno, em particular pelo caráter de acessibilidade da situação problema, e também pelas dinâmicas trabalhadas em grupos.Palavras-chave: Educação. Inclusão social. Tecnologia assistiva. Acessibilidade. Surdo.
<b>FATORES DE ENGAJAMENTO E CONFIANÇA NO MARKETING DE CONTEÚDO</b>: revisão teórica
Authors: Lofrano Guilherme Zanotto , Coelho Taiane Ritta , Botelho-Francisco Rodrigo Eduardo 
Published: March 2020

Estudo sobre Marketing de Conteúdo. Visa identificar na literatura os fatores que influenciam no engajamento e na confiança em conteúdos disponibilizados por empresas na internet como forma de marketing. Realiza revisão sistemática em artigos relacionados com o tema de quatro repositórios de dados, sendo dois nacionais e dois internacionais. Identifica 12 fatores que influenciam o engajamento e a confiança no marketing de conteúdo feito na internet, sendo eles divididos em três categorias: tipo do conteúdo, formato e relevância. Verifica que carência de pesquisas que estudam especificamente fatores de confiança no marketing de conteúdo. Conclui que existe possibilidade de avanços no estudo sobre o tema, principalmente com avaliações dos fatores identificados junto a especialistas em marketing de conteúdo e pessoas que interagem com conteúdos no dia a dia.Palavras-chave: Marketing de Conteúdo. Marketing Digital. Interação com Conteúdo Digital.
Expression of Brazzein, A Small Sweet-Tasting Protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: An Introduction for Production of Sweet Yeasts
Authors: Kazemi-Nasab Akram , Shahpiri Azar 
Published: March 2020

Background:The replacement of carbohydrate sweeteners with protein sweeteners from plants has attracted the interest of researchers because these proteins don’t trigger the insulin response and are more nutritive for consumption in food. Brazzein (Braz) is a small and heat- stable sweet protein that has been originally derived from African plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana. In the present work the solubility, sweetness and yield of recombinant forms of Braz in two expression hosts, E. coli and S. cerevisiae were comprised.Methods:The codon-optimized gene of Braz was cloned in expression vectors pET28a and pET41a and GPD. The resulted vectors pET28a-Braz and pEt41a-Braz were transformed into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta (DE3) and the vector GPD-Braz was transformd to S. cerevisiae. The expression of Braz in different systems was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.Results:The results verified the heterologous expression of Braz in S. cerevisiae carrying GPDBraz. Also the expression of Braz as carboxy-terminal extensions of His-tag and Glutathione-STransferase (GST) were verified in transgenic E. coli containing pET28a-Braz and pET41a-Braz, respectively.Conclusion:Although the yield of GST-Braz was higher than His-Braz and Braz expressed in S. cerevisiae, but the higher solubility, sweetness, safety (GRAS) are important advantages of the use of S. cerevisiae as expression host for production of Braz. Therefore the result of present work opens new insights for providing the new sweet yeasts that can be used as food additives.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Development of Nitroaromatics as Anti-Infective Drugs
Authors: Kannigadu Christina , N'Da David. D. 
Published: March 2020

:
Infectious diseases commonly occur in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The pathogens of such
diseases are able to multiply in human hosts, warranting their continual survival. Infections that are commonplace
include malaria, chagas, trypanosomiasis, giardiasis, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis. Malaria is
known to cause symptoms, such as high fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, whereas chagas disease causes enlarged
lymph glands, muscle pain, swelling and chest pain. People suffering from African trypanosomiasis may
experience severe headaches, irritability, extreme fatigue and swollen lymph nodes. As an infectious disease
progresses, the human host may also experience personality changes and neurologic problems. If left untreated,
most of these diseases can lead to death.

:
Parasites, microbes and bacteria are increasingly adapting and generating strains that are resistant to current clinical
drugs. Drug resistance creates an urgency for the development of new drugs to treat these infections. Nitro
containing drugs, such as chloramphenicol, metronidazole, tinidazole and secnidazole had been banned for use as
antiparasitic agents due to their toxicity. However, recent discoveries of nitrocontaining anti-tuberculosis drugs,
i.e. delamanid and pretonamid, and the repurposing of flexinidazole for use in combination with eflornithine for
the treatment of human trypanosomiasis, have ignited interest in nitroaromatic scaffolds as viable sources of
potential anti-infective agents.

:
This review highlights the differences between old and new nitration methodologies. It furthermore offers insights
into recent advances in the development of nitroaromatics as anti-infective drugs.
Nanomedicine: A Promising Avenue for the Development of Effective Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Sartaj Ali , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
Breast cancer is the most probable cancer among women. However, the available
treatment is based on targeting different stages of breast cancer viz., radiation therapy, hormonal
therapy, chemotherapy, and surgical interventions, which have some limitations. The available
chemotherapeutics are associated with problems like low solubility, low permeability, high first-pass
metabolism, and P-glycoprotein efflux. Hence, the aforementioned restrictions lead to ineffective
treatment. Multiple chemotherapeutics can also cause resistance in tumors. So, the purpose is to develop
an effective therapeutic regimen for the treatment of breast cancer by applying a nanomedicinal
approach.

Methods:
This review has been conducted on a systematic search strategy, based on relevant literature
available on Pub Med, MedlinePlus, Google Scholar, and Sciencedirect up to November 2019
using keywords present in abstract and title of the review. As per our inclusion and exclusion criteria,
226 articles were screened. Among 226, a total of 40 articles were selected for this review.

Results:
The significant findings with the currently available treatment is that the drug, besides its
distribution to the target-specific site, also distributes to healthy cells, which results in severe side
effects. Moreover, the drug is less bioavailable at the site of action; therefore, to overcome this, a
high dose is required, which again causes side effects and lower the benefits. Nanomedicinal approaches
give an alternative approach to avoid the associated problems of available chemotherapeutics
treatment of breast cancer.

Conclusion:
The nanomedicinal strategies are useful over the conventional treatment of breast cancer
and deliver a target-specific drug-using different novel drug delivery approaches.