bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Knockout Influenced Genes Expression Profile in Adipose Tissue and Decreased the Lipid Mobilizing After Dexamethasone Treatment in Mice
Authors: Zhang Wenge , Qiao Yu , Qi Fulei , Shen Qingyi , Zhao Ruqian , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), as an adipokine, plays an important role in lipid metabolism. However, its influence on whole gene expression profile in adipose tissue is not known. Under stress condition, how ZAG affects the lipid metabolism is also unclear. Therefore, in this study ZAG systemic knockout (KO) mice were used as a model to reveal the genes expression profile in visceral fat tissues of ZAG KO mice and wild-type mice by genome-wide microarray screening. Then dexamethasone (DEX) was used to explore the effect of ZAG deletion on body fat metabolism under stress. Our results showed that 179 genes were differentially expressed more than 1.5 times between ZAG KO mice and wild type mice, of which 26 genes were upregulated dramatically and 153 genes were significantly downregulated. Under DEX simulated stress, ZAG systemic knockout in vivo resulted in a markedly decrease of triglycerides (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) content in in plasma. Similarly, for lipid catabolism, ZAG KO led to a significant increase of phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) protein and a rising tendency of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein relative to those of the DEX group. For lipid anabolism, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin protein expression in visceral fat rose notably in ZAG KO mice after DEX treatment. In conclusion, ZAG knockout can affect the gene expression profile of adipose tissue, reduce elevated TG and NEFA levels in plasma, and alter lipid metabolism under DEX treatment. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of lipid metabolic disorders in response to stress.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Methodologies towards the Synthesis of Atropisomeric N-Heterocycles
Authors: Corti Vasco , Bertuzzi Giulio 
Published: June 2020

A perspective on the literature dealing with the organocatalytic asymmetric preparation of axially chiral N-heterocycles is provided. A particular focus is devoted to rationalize the synthetic strategies employed in each case. Moreover, specific classes of organocatalysts are shown to stand out as privileged motives for the stereoselective preparation of such synthetically challenging molecular architectures. Finally, an overview of the main trends in the field is given.1	Introduction2	Five-Membered Rings2.1	Arylation2.2	Dynamic Kinetic Resolution2.3	Ring Construction2.4	Central-to-Axial Chirality Conversion and Chirality Transfer2.5	Desymmetrization3	Six-Membered Rings3.1	Desymmetrization3.2	(Dynamic) Kinetic Resolution3.3	Ring Construction3.4	Central-to-Axial Chirality Conversion4	Conclusion
Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jeyabalan Salome , Bangal Kedar , Kulkarni Anuja , Kavishree Maithriye , Kola Sujani , Mahajan Mehak , Okonna Friday , Nair Hema C. , S. Keshava Murthy , Kanchi Muralidhar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with COVID-19 can progress from asymptomatic or mild illness to hypoxemic respiratory failure to multisystem organ dysfunction and death. Healthcare workers, particularly anesthesiologists, are at increased risk since their airway management expertise is required in situations where suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 require surgical procedures and in critical care settings. Such patients undergoing surgery have a higher perioperative morbidity and mortality. Additionally, aerosol-generating procedures place the operating room staff at high risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection. Here, we present a review of COVID-19 management, particularly in the perioperative setting. In addition, this article highlights specific concerns with the use of transesophageal echocardiography and the precautions to be taken during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This review article is based on this institutional protocol supported by literature from recent publications and guidelines from major health organizations on COVID-19.
‘Liking’ constructions in Spanish
Authors: Mojedano Batel Andrea 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study examines the diachronic change in
argument structure in Spanish psych-verbs of ‘liking’, with emphasis
on the change from nominative-experiencer gustar
‘to like’ to dative-experiencer gustar. While
previous studies have looked at factors pertaining to frequency and
semantics, this change must also be studied taking into account
certain syntactic factors, and especially the evolution of
prepositional finite clauses introduced by functional prepositions.
Results suggest that the subcategorization properties of the
preposition are grammatically relevant in determining the linguistic
encoding of the arguments of Spanish ‘liking’ constructions. This
study offers an extensive corpus study of ‘liking’ verbs, spanning
the 13th to the 17th centuries, and adopts a constructionist
usage-based view of syntactic productivity.
From noun to quantifier
Authors: Wood Johanna L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Micro-variation in Germanic pseudo-partitives is
investigated, focusing on the syntax and morphology of expressions
where two nouns are juxtaposed without a linking preposition,
attested in Middle English. A standard measure
(pound), containers (gallon,
ton, pipe,
barrel, and sack) and a
collective (pair) are examined in detail. Few
similarities are found between the Middle English expressions and
other Germanic languages for standard measures and containers,
whereas the noun pair has syntactic, morphological
and semantic similarities.
Atomizing linguistic change
Authors: Stein Dieter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the pragmatic processes of
semiosis involved in real speaker-hearer interaction in the process
of an initial innovative form-function construal. This atomistic
view of the locus of linguistic change suggests that more prominence
needs to be given to motivations which are present at the point of
origin. Discussing two unrelated instances from the history of
English, the paper argues that the initial motivation can become
non-transparent in later stages of the process. Hypotheses based on
structural comparisons may therefore be quite different from
hypotheses of motivations effective at the point of origin.
Layilin augments integrin activation to promote antitumor immunity
Authors: Mahuron Kelly M. , Moreau Joshua M. , Glasgow Jeff E. , Boda Devi P. , Pauli Mariela L. , Gouirand Victoire , Panjabi Luv , Grewal Robby , Luber Jacob M. , Mathur Anubhav N. , Feldman Renny M. , Shifrut Eric , Mehta Pooja , Lowe Margaret M. , Alvarado Michael D. , Marson Alexander , Singer Meromit , Wells Jim , Jupp Ray , Daud Adil I. , Rosenblum Michael D. 
Published: June 2020

Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells mediate antitumor immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which T cells remain poised to kill cancer cells despite expressing high levels of inhibitory receptors are unknown. Here, we report that layilin, a C-type lectin domain–containing membrane glycoprotein, is selectively expressed on highly activated, clonally expanded, but phenotypically exhausted CD8+ T cells in human melanoma. Lineage-specific deletion of layilin on murine CD8+ T cells reduced their accumulation in tumors and increased tumor growth in vivo. Congruently, gene editing of LAYN in human CD8+ T cells reduced direct tumor cell killing ex vivo. On a molecular level, layilin colocalized with integrin αLβ2 (LFA-1) on T cells, and cross-linking layilin promoted the activated state of this integrin. Accordingly, LAYN deletion resulted in attenuated LFA-1–dependent cellular adhesion. Collectively, our results identify layilin as part of a molecular pathway in which exhausted or “dysfunctional” CD8+ T cells enhance cellular adhesiveness to maintain their cytotoxic potential.
Positive transversality via transfer operators and holomorphic motions with applications to monotonicity for interval maps
Authors: Levin Genadi , Shen Weixiao , van Strien Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we will develop a general approach which shows that generalized ‘critical relations’ of families of locally defined holomorphic maps on the complex plane unfold transversally. The main idea is to define a transfer operator, which is a local analogue of the Thurston pullback operator, using holomorphic motions. Assuming a so-called lifting property is satisfied, we obtain information about the spectrum of this transfer operator and thus about transversality. An important new feature of our method is that it is not global: the maps we consider are only required to be defined and holomorphic on a neighbourhood of some finite set. We will illustrate this method by obtaining transversality for a wide class of one-parameter families of interval and circle maps, for example for maps with flat critical points, but also for maps with complex analytic extensions such as certain polynomial-like maps. As in Tsujii’s approach (Tsujii M 1994 A note on Milnor and Thurston’s monotonicity theorem Geometry and Analysis in Dynamical System vol 14 (Singapore: World Scientific) pp 60–2; Tsujii M 2000 Ergod. Theor. Dyn. Syst.
20 925–933), for real maps we obtain positive transversality (where >0 holds instead of just ≠0), and thus monotonicity of entropy for these families, and also (as an easy application) for the real quadratic family. This method additionally gives results for unimodal families of the form x ↦ |x|
ℓ
+ c for ℓ > 1 not necessarily an even integer and c real.
The effects of cropping intensity and cropland expansion of Brazilian soybean production on green water flows
Authors: Flach Rafaela , Fader Marianela , Folberth Christian , Skalský Rastislav , Jantke Kerstin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As land use change alters how green water is appropriated, cropland expansion is instrumental in re-allocating green water towards agriculture. Alongside cropland expansion, agricultural intensification practices modify crop water use and land and water productivity. Particularly, one form of agricultural intensification known as multi-cropping (the cultivation of a piece of land sequentially more than once a year) can result in greater agricultural output per unit of land, as well as more productive use of the available water throughout the annual rainfall cycle. We assess the influence of these two processes, cropland expansion and agricultural intensification, in agricultural green water use in Brazilian agriculture. We applied the biophysical crop model Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) to estimate green water use for single and double cropping of soybean (Glycine max) and maize (Zea mays) in Brazil. The first part of our study analyses changes in soybean green water use and virtual water content nationwide between 1990 and 2013, and in a second part we look into the effect of double-cropping on water use for soybean and maize in the Brazilian states of Paraná and Mato Grosso between 2003 and 2013. The results show that cropland expansion plays a more prominent effect in green water use for production of soybean than intensification, and harvested area increase was responsible for the appropriation of an additional 95 km3 of green water in 2013 when compared to 1990, an increase of 155%. We estimate that an additional green water use of around 26 km3 related to second season maize was appropriated through increase of cropping frequency, and without expansion of cropland, in 2013 in the selected states. We discuss the importance of considering multi cropping practices when assessing green water sustainability, and the importance of differentiating green water appropriation through expansion and through cropping frequency changes.
Mangrove development and carbon storage on an isolated coral atoll
Authors: Yamano Hiroya , Inoue Tomomi , Baba Shigeyuki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the functions and vulnerability of mangroves in isolated atoll settings, by showing the mangrove development and carbon storage, based on the radiocarbon ages and detrital organic-carbon contents of cores collected on Fongafale Islet, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu. The mangrove peat formed a thin veneer, several tens of centimeters thick, and mangrove development was constrained by the formation of the reef flat. The initial mangrove development (389 cal yr BP) was much more recent than on other islands, possibly because the island is remote and weakly connected to other source islands. However, the mangrove forests in Tuvalu have geomorphic developmental rates and carbon burial rates similar to those in other settings. The mean carbon sequestration rate is six times that calculated previously from land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) data for Tuvalu. High vulnerability of the mangroves is suggested by the small sediment thickness and recent development of the mangrove forests, as well as by the past vertical accumulation rates potentially smaller than those of future sea-levels rise. The conservation and restoration of mangrove forests should be one of the key issues in sustaining low-lying atoll countries under climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures.
Prospect Theory and due process paranoia: what behavioural models say about arbitrators’ assessment of risk and uncertainty
Authors: Metsch Rutger , Gerbay Rémy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The term ‘due process paranoia’ is used to describe a perceived reluctance by arbitral tribunals to act decisively in certain situations for fear of the arbitral award being challenged on the basis of a party not having had the chance to present its case fully. This article approaches due process paranoia from the perspective of Prospect Theory, which is a behavioural model describing how individuals make decisions under risk and uncertainty. The authors examine how Prospect Theory’s insight that decision makers tend to overweight low-probability events in their decision-making (the ‘possibility effect’) affects decision-making by arbitrators when faced with the threat of challenge to their awards on due process grounds (the ‘enforcement risk’). The article concludes that the possibility effect is prone to contribute to an overweighting by arbitrators of the enforcement risk, thereby explaining the perceived tendency by tribunals to make sub-optimal decisions when faced with due process-related complaints or threats.
Compassionate Use of Tocilizumab for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia
Authors: Jordan Stanley C , Zakowski Phillip , Tran Hai P , Smith Ethan A , Gaultier Cyril , Marks Gregory , Zabner Rachel , Lowenstein Hayden , Oft Jillian , Bluen Benjamin , Le Catherine , Shane Rita , Ammerman Noriko , Vo Ashley , Chen Peter , Kumar Sanjeev , Toyoda Mieko , Ge Shili , Huang Edmund 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Preliminary data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia patients indicate that a cytokine storm may increase morbidity and mortality. Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6R) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of cytokine storm associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Here we examined compassionate use of tocilizumab in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Methods
We report on a single-center study of tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. All patients had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and oxygen saturations &lt;90% on oxygen support with most intubated. We examined clinical and laboratory parameters including oxygen and vasopressor requirements, cytokine profiles, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels pre- and post-tocilizumab treatment.

Results
Twenty-seven SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients received one 400 mg dose of tocilizumab. Interleukin (IL)-6 was the predominant cytokine detected at tocilizumab treatment. Significant reductions in temperature and CRP were seen post-tocilizumab. However, 4 patients did not show rapid CRP declines, of whom 3 had poorer outcomes. Oxygen and vasopressor requirements diminished over the first week post-tocilizumab. Twenty-two patients required mechanical ventilation; at last follow-up, 16 were extubated. Adverse events and serious adverse events were minimal, but 2 deaths (7.4%) occurred that were felt unrelated to tocilizumab.

Conclusions
Compared to published reports on the morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2, tocilizumab appears to offer benefits in reducing inflammation, oxygen requirements, vasopressor support, and mortality. The rationale for tocilizumab treatment is supported by detection of IL-6 in pathogenic levels in all patients. Additional doses of tocilizumab may be needed for those showing slow declines in CRP. Proof of efficacy awaits randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Video-assisted minimally invasive aortic valve replacement through left anterior mini-thoracotomy in a patient with situs inversus totalis
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmad Ali , Bakhtiary Farhad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We describe herein the first experience with a surgical technique for aortic valve replacement using a video-assisted minimally invasive approach via a left anterior mini-thoracotomy in patient with dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis. This procedure was performed safely with good clinical and cosmetic results.
Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis
Authors: Joseph Asha Mary , Badrinarayanan Anjana 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTDNA repair is essential for cell survival. In all domains of life, error-prone and error-free repair pathways ensure maintenance of genome integrity under stress. Mutagenic, low-fidelity repair mechanisms help avoid potential lethality associated with unrepaired damage, thus making them important for genome maintenance and, in some cases, the preferred mode of repair. However, cells carefully regulate pathway choice to restrict activity of these pathways to only certain conditions. One such repair mechanism is translesion synthesis (TLS), where a low-fidelity DNA polymerase is employed to synthesize across a lesion. In bacteria, TLS is a potent source of stress-induced mutagenesis, with potential implications in cellular adaptation as well as antibiotic resistance. Extensive genetic and biochemical studies, predominantly in Escherichia coli, have established a central role for TLS in bypassing bulky DNA lesions associated with ongoing replication, either at or behind the replication fork. More recently, imaging-based approaches have been applied to understand the molecular mechanisms of TLS and how its function is regulated. Together, these studies have highlighted replication-independent roles for TLS as well. In this review, we discuss the current status of research on bacterial TLS, with emphasis on recent insights gained mostly through microscopy at the single-cell and single-molecule level.
Horizontally orthogonal distributed acoustic sensing array for earthquake- and ambient-noise-based multichannel analysis of surface waves
Authors: Luo Bin , Trainor-Guitton Whitney , Bozdağ Ebru , LaFlame Lisa , Cole Steve , Karrenbach Martin 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARY
A 2-D orthogonal distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array designed for seismic experiments was buried horizontally beneath the Kafadar Commons Geophysical Laboratory on the Colorado School of Mines campus at Golden, Colorado. The DAS system using straight fibre-optic cables is a cost-efficient technology that enables dense seismic array deployment for long-term seismic monitoring, favouring both earthquake-based and ambient-noise-based surface wave analysis for subsurface characterization. In our study, the horizontally orthogonal DAS array records ambient noise data for a period of about two months from November 2018 to January 2019. During this time, the array also detected seismic signals from an ML3.6 earthquake at Glenwood Springs, Colorado, which exhibit opposite signal polarities in the orthogonal DAS section recordings. We derive the transformation matrix for DAS strain measurements in horizontally orthogonal cables to retrieve both Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion information from the single-component DAS signals using the 2-D multichannel analysis of surface waves method. In addition, ambient noise interferometry is applied to long-term DAS noise recordings. Our theoretical derivation demonstrates that Rayleigh and Love wave Green's functions are coupled in the noise cross-correlation functions (NCFs) of DAS receiver pairs. Stacking NCFs over the horizontally orthogonal DAS array can constructively recover the radial Rayleigh wave component but destructively suppress the Love wave component. The multimodal Monte Carlo inversion of the earthquake-based Rayleigh wave and Love wave dispersion measurements and the noise-based Rayleigh wave measurement reveals a 1-D layered structure that agrees qualitatively with geological surveys of the site. Our study demonstrates that although straight fibre-optic cables lack broadside sensitivity, using appropriate DAS array configuration and seismic array methods can extend the seismic acquisition ability of DAS and enable its application to a broad range of scenarios.
Review of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in the wake of diet-associated concerns
Authors: McCauley Sydney R , Clark Stephanie D , Quest Bradley W , Streeter Renee M , Oxford Eva M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been in the literature and news because of the recent opinion-based journal articles and public releases by regulatory agencies. DCM is commonly associated with a genetic predisposition in certain dog breeds and can also occur secondary to other diseases and nutritional deficiencies. Recent communications in veterinary journals have discussed a potential relationship between grain-free and/or novel protein diets to DCM, citing a subjective increase in DCM in dog breeds that are not known to have a genetic predisposition for the disease. This literature review describes clinical presentations of DCM, common sequelae, treatment and preventative measures, histopathologic features, and a discussion of the varied etiological origins of the disease. In addition, current literature limitations are addressed, in order to ascertain multiple variables leading to the development of DCM. Future studies are needed to evaluate one variable at a time and to minimize confounding variables and speculation. Furthermore, to prevent sampling bias with the current FDA reports, the veterinary community should be asked to provide information for all cases of DCM in dogs. This should include cases during the same time period, regardless of the practitioner’s proposed etiology, due to no definitive association between diets with specific characteristics, such as, but not limited to, grain-free diets and those containing legumes, novel protein diets, and those produced by small manufacturers to DCM in dogs. In summary, in order to determine if certain ingredients, categories of diets, or manufacturing processes are related to an increased risk of DCM, further studies investigating these variables are necessary.
Mar Narsai and the Spirit Epicleses in the Acts of Thomas
Authors: Witkamp Nathan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Acts of Thomas contains two unique epicleses of the Holy Spirit in chapters 27 and 50. The aim of the present contribution is to study the transmission and reception of some key concepts of these epicleses in the liturgical homilies of Mar Narsai, the renowned East Syrian poet–theologian. It is argued that Narsai’s use of ‘Come-phrases’, so distinctive for the epicleses under consideration, suggests that he had first-hand knowledge of the Acts. A close comparison between the third- and fifth-century texts shows both continuity and discontinuity. The latter is mainly caused by the shaping of orthodoxy.