bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 and Pregnancy: A Review of the Facts
Authors: Czeresnia Ricardo Mamber , Trad Ayssa Teles Abrao , Britto Ingrid Schwach Werneck , Negrini Romulo , Nomura Marcelo Luís , Pires Pedro , Costa Fabricio da Silva , Nomura Roseli Mieko Yamamoto , Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective The present comprehensive review aims to show the full extent of what is known to date and provide a more thorough view on the effects of SARS-CoV2 in pregnancy.
Methods Between March 29 and May, 2020, the words COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 and pregnancy, SARS-CoV2 and pregnancy, and SARS and pregnancy were searched in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases; the guidelines from well-known societies and institutions (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [RCOG], American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG], International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology [ISUOG], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]) were also included.
Conclusion The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in a pandemic with > 3.3 million cases and 230 thousand deaths until May 2nd. It is caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus and may lead to severe pulmonary infection and multi-organ failure. Past experiences show that unique characteristics in pregnancy make pregnant women more susceptible to complications from viral infections. Yet, this has not been reported with this new virus. There are risk factors that seem to increase morbidity in pregnancy, such as obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 35), asthma and cardiovascular disease. Current reports describe an increased rate of preterm birth and C-section. Vertical transmission is still a possibility, due to a few reported cases of neonatal positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in nasal swab, amniotic fluid, and positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) in neonatal blood. Treatments must be weighed in with caution due to the lack of quality trials that prove their effectiveness and safety during pregnancy. Medical staff must use personal protective equipment in handling SARS-CoV2 suspected or positive patients and be alert for respiratory decompensations.
The enigma of Oligocene climate and global surface temperature evolution
Authors: O’Brien Charlotte L. , Huber Matthew , Thomas Ellen , Pagani Mark , Super James R. , Elder Leanne E. , Hull Pincelli M. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
During the Eocene, high-latitude regions were much warmer than today and substantial polar ice sheets were lacking. Indeed, the initiation of significant polar ice sheets near the end of the Eocene has been closely linked to global cooling. Here, we examine the relationship between global temperatures and continental-scale polar ice sheets following the establishment of ice sheets on Antarctica ∼34 million years ago, using records of surface temperatures from around the world. We find that high-latitude temperatures were almost as warm after the initiation of Antarctic glaciation as before, challenging our basic understanding of how climate works, and of the development of climate and ice volume through time.
Evolutionarily diverse LIM domain-containing proteins bind stressed actin filaments through a conserved mechanism
Authors: Winkelman Jonathan D. , Anderson Caitlin A. , Suarez Cristian , Kovar David R. , Gardel Margaret L. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Genes encoding LIM domains underwent a large expansion in animals. These LIM domain-containing proteins are functionally diverse and involved in a variety of fundamental cellular processes. Previous work suggests that many are sensitive to mechanical forces experienced by the cell. This study finds that many of these proteins in animals detect stressed cytoskeletal networks in cells by directly binding to a stretched conformation of the actin filament. This mechanism of force sensing by LIM within the cell is conserved from yeasts to mammals. This work suggests the possibility that a variety of biological pathways may be regulated by LIM domain detection of strained actin filaments.
High concentration of ultrafine particles in the Amazon free troposphere produced by organic new particle formation
Authors: Zhao Bin , Shrivastava Manish , Donahue Neil M. , Gordon Hamish , Schervish Meredith , Shilling John E. , Zaveri Rahul A. , Wang Jian , Andreae Meinrat O. , Zhao Chun , Gaudet Brian , Liu Ying , Fan Jiwen , Fast Jerome D. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The high-altitude tropics constitute one of the world’s largest aerosol reservoirs, which may significantly affect clouds, radiation, and hydrological cycle by delivering the seeds on which clouds form to lower altitudes and maintaining the stratospheric aerosol background. However, the formation mechanisms of these aerosols remain a scientific mystery. Through a systematic experiment-based model representation of organic chemistry and new particle formation (NPF) combined with constraints from field measurements, we demonstrate that the NPF driven by extremely low volatility organics formed from biogenic emissions plays a key role in producing the large number of aerosols observed in the high-altitude Amazon. This organic NPF mechanism likely also prevailed during preindustrial times and hence may modulate anthropogenic aerosol forcing above the preindustrial baseline.
Birds advancing lay dates with warming springs face greater risk of chick mortality
Authors: Shipley J. Ryan , Twining Cornelia W. , Taff Conor C. , Vitousek Maren N. , Flack Andrea , Winkler David W. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The advancement of breeding behavior is a well-documented response to changing climate conditions, as timing reproduction with resource availability is critical for success in many species. However, the relationship between cues that prompt reproduction and resource availability can become decoupled, reducing success. Tree swallows have advanced reproduction in response to warming springs, but now chicks are exposed to twice the risk of inclement weather conditions, resulting in high rates of chick mortality. Mass mortality events appear to be driven by decreasing insect availability at low daytime temperatures. Our findings highlight the complex effects of climate change on animal life cycles and demonstrate the urgency of understanding how animals balance information from the environment when making crucial life history decisions.
Superantigenic character of an insert unique to SARS-CoV-2 spike supported by skewed TCR repertoire in patients with hyperinflammation
Authors: Cheng Mary Hongying , Zhang She , Porritt Rebecca A. , Noval Rivas Magali , Paschold Lisa , Willscher Edith , Binder Mascha , Arditi Moshe , Bahar Ivet 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceA hyperinflammatory syndrome reminiscent of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is observed in severe COVID-19 patients, including children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). TSS is typically caused by pathogenic superantigens stimulating excessive activation of the adaptive immune system. We show that SARS-CoV-2 spike contains sequence and structure motifs highly similar to those of a bacterial superantigen and may directly bind T cell receptors. We further report a skewed T cell receptor repertoire in COVID-19 patients with severe hyperinflammation, in support of such a superantigenic effect. Notably, the superantigen-like motif is not present in other SARS family coronaviruses, which may explain the unique potential for SARS-CoV-2 to cause both MIS-C and the cytokine storm observed in adult COVID-19.
Near–hysteresis-free soft tactile electronic skins for wearables and reliable machine learning
Authors: Yao Haicheng , Yang Weidong , Cheng Wen , Tan Yu Jun , See Hian Hian , Li Si , Ali Hashina Parveen Anwar , Lim Brian Z. H. , Liu Zhuangjian , Tee Benjamin C. K. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
We show a near–hysteresis-free piezoresistive sensor system from soft materials by using a method of generating unique three-dimensional nanoscale crack morphologies on metal-coated elastomeric microstructures. Our method addresses the major challenge of inherent electromechanical hysteresis faced by many electronic sensor skins using soft materials when large compressive pressures are applied. Piezoresistive sensors made from our flexible composite material track deformation with <3% hysteresis and can be reliably used as a healthcare wearable device for measuring pulse wave velocity on a small skin patch. We also showed that the low hysteresis enabled accurate and reliable single-touch classification of surface textures on textile surfaces for robotic applications.
ssRNA phage penetration triggers detachment of the F-pilus
Authors: Harb Laith , Chamakura Karthik , Khara Pratick , Christie Peter J. , Young Ry , Zeng Lanying 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Many pathogenic bacteria utilize dynamic appendages called pili to facilitate important functions, such as gene transfer and motility. These processes contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and support persistence in bacterial infections, making them prime targets for therapeutic purposes. The single-stranded (ss) RNA bacteriophages all use dynamic pili to facilitate infection; however, key mechanistic details describing how the pilus promotes viral entry into the host cell have remained elusive. Here we used fluorescence microscopy to uncover a telling phenomenon associated with ssRNA phage infection: initial penetration of the viral payload causes breakage of host pili. This provides a selective advantage for the infecting phage, and thus this phenomenon may be widespread among other pilus-specific phage systems.
Experimental infection of domestic dogs and cats with SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, transmission, and response to reexposure in cats
Authors: Bosco-Lauth Angela M. , Hartwig Airn E. , Porter Stephanie M. , Gordy Paul W. , Nehring Mary , Byas Alex D. , VandeWoude Sue , Ragan Izabela K. , Maison Rachel M. , Bowen Richard A. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging pathogen that has already had catastrophic consequences on the health and well-being of people worldwide. As a zoonotic virus, the implications for animal populations are largely unknown. This manuscript describes a pilot study in which domestic cats and dogs were assessed for their susceptibility to infection. While neither species developed clinical disease in this study, cats shed infectious virus for up to 5 d and infected naive cats via direct contact, while dogs do not appear to shed virus. Cats that were reinfected with SARS-CoV-2 mounted an effective immune response and did not become reinfected. These studies have important implications for animal health and suggest that cats may be a good model for vaccine development.
A systematic comparison of polar and semipolar Si-doped AlGaN alloys with high AlN content
Authors: Spasevski Lucia , Kusch Gunnar , Pampili Pietro , Zubialevich Vitaly Z , Dinh Duc V , Bruckbauer Jochen , Edwards Paul R , Parbrook Peter J , Martin Robert W 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith a view to supporting the development of ultra-violet light-emitting diodes and related devices, the compositional, emission and morphology properties of Si-dopedn-type AlxGa1-xN alloys are extensively compared. This study has been designed to determine how the different AlxGa1-xN crystal orientations (polar (0001) and semipolar (11–22)) affect group-III composition and Si incorporation. Wavelength dispersive x-ray (WDX) spectroscopy was used to determine the AlN mole fraction (x≈ 0.57–0.85) and dopant concentration (3 × 1018–1 × 1019cm−3) in various series of AlxGa1-xN layers grown on (0001) and (11–22) AlN/sapphire templates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The polar samples exhibit hexagonal surface features with Ga-rich boundaries confirmed by WDX mapping. Surface morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy for samples grown with different disilane flow rates and the semipolar samples were shown to have smoother surfaces than their polar counterparts, with an approximate 15% reduction in roughness. Optical characterization using cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy allowed analysis of near-band edge emission in the range 4.0–5.4 eV as well as various deep impurity transition peaks in the range 2.7–4.8 eV. The combination of spatially-resolved characterization techniques, including CL and WDX, has provided detailed information on how the crystal growth direction affects the alloy and dopant concentrations.
The recurrence of dense face-centered cubic cesium
Authors: Guan Li-Min , Zhu Li , Xie Sheng-Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
At ambient conditions, alkali metal cesium (Cs) owns a body-centered cubic phase, and this phase will transform to a face-centered cubic (fcc) phase at a pressure of 2.3 GPa. Under stronger compression, Cs will transform to oC84, tI4, oC16, and double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) phases in sequence. Here, using first-principles structure searching prediction and total-energy calculation, we report that the Cs will re-transform to the fcc phase as the post-dhcp phase above 180 GPa. The transition state calculations suggest that the phase transition takes place by overcoming an energy barrier (144 meV/atom at 200 GPa) and finishes within a volume collapse of 0.3%. The electronic states at Fermi level are derived mainly from d electrons and there is a large overlap between inner core electrons, making the high-pressure fcc Cs distinguished from the first one at low pressure. The same phase transition also occurs in potassium and rubidium but with higher pressures.
Switchable cool and cold white emission from dysprosium doped SrZnO2
Authors: Manju  , Jain Megha , Vashishtha Pargam , Gupta Govind , Sharma Aditya , Ok Won Sung , Vij Ankush , Thakur Anup 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In presented work, excitation selective novel cool and cold white emission is reported from dysprosium (Dy) doped SrZnO2 nanophosphors, synthesized by combustion technique. The host lattice provided selective excitation routes for Dy3+ levels and intrinsic defects levels via charge transfer (270 nm) and host defects absorption bands (375 nm), respectively. The emission due to Dy3+ levels was found to be exhibiting cool white emission and that from intrinsic defects was cold white emission, as characterized from correlated color temperature. UV irradiated glow curve analysis complemented the results by exhibiting signal due to Dy assisted traps on near UV exposure (254 nm) and that of host related traps at far UV exposure (365 nm). The luminescence phenomenon is comprehended through proposed band model. The obtained results proclaimed SrZnO2:Dy as a potential member among white emitting phosphors to be used as standard daylight sources in commercial and aesthetic lighting.
Development of a biaxial grid-coil-type electromagnetic acoustic transducer
Authors: Yang Li-Jian , Zhang Jia , Xing Yan-Hao , Gao Song-Wei , Xie Zhe , Fu Hong-Wen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study proposes a grid-coil-type transducer to achieve the simultaneous detection of axial and circumferential cracks in the pipeline, reduce the number of permanent magnets in dynamic detection, and improve crack detection efficiency. The proposed system can detect biaxial cracks in the pipeline. Based on Biot–Savart’s Law, a mathematical model is established between the magnetic induction intensity and the coil of the electromagnetic acoustic transducer to determine the influence on the conductor. Experiments verify the relationship between the guided wave propagation characteristics of the grid-coil-type electromagnetic acoustic transducer and the ability to detect biaxial cracks. Results show that the grid-coil-type electromagnetic acoustic transducer can generate the biaxial ultrasonic guided wave propagating along the axial and circumferential pipeline, in which cracks are thereby simultaneously detected. Thus, the grid-coil-type electromagnetic acoustic transducer increases the detection scope, reduces the number of permanent magnets in dynamic detection, and improves crack detection efficiency. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the research and engineering application of biaxial crack detection in the pipeline.
Optical rotation detection method based on acousto-optic modulation in an atomic spin co-magnetometer
Authors: Xing Li , Zhai Yueyang , Fu Yang , Song Tianxiao , Liu Feng , Cai Qingzhong , Quan Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new concept for probe light intensity stability control and high-frequency modulation based on an acousto-optic modulation in a K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer is reported. The structure and optical path are ingeniously designed to avoid the interference of zero-order diffraction light. The average rotation rate sensitivity of

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is achieved under the light intensity closed-loop control condition and the bias instability calculated by the Allan deviation is improved from 0.13 deg h−1 to 0.06 deg h−1 comparing with open-loop scheme. A square wave modulation with a wide range of frequencies is applied to the probe light intensity and the appropriate modulation frequency for the co-magnetometer is tested to be 10 kHz to 300 kHz and megahertz scale. Finally, the closed-loop control of light intensity has been combined with the high-frequency modulation, which could suppress the low-frequency noise contained in the probe system and improve the long-term stability of the angular velocity measurement.
Locking effects of error fields on a tearing mode in tokamak
Authors: Lu S S , Ma Z W , Zhang H W , Liu Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Locking effects of error fields on a tearing mode in Tokamak are studied numerically using the three-dimensional toroidal code based on a full set of magnetohydrodynamic equations. It is found that a threshold of the error field for mode locking exists and depends on the plasma rotation and the ramp-up time of the error field. The mode locking threshold increases with increasing the rotation frequency and the ramp-up time of the error field. Moreover, the results from the multiple helical error field suggest that the m/n = 3/1 and 4/2 error field along with the m/n = 2/1 error field can increase both the m/n = 2/1 perturbation and its higher-harmonics through the mode coupling due to both the toroidal and nonlinear effects, but it becomes more effective if the 4/2 error field is imposed directly. The 3/1 error field in-phase (anti-phase) with the 2/1 error field leads to a positive (negative) contribution to intensification of the 2/1 tearing mode and mode locking.
Propagation and ramification of a solitary pulse through an environmentally coupled qubit
Authors: Gao Yibo , Jin Shijie , Ian Hou 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We compute the relaxations experienced by a superconducting qubit and the simultaneous variation induced on the shape of a microwave pulse during the propagation of the pulse through the qubit. The environmentally affected propagation and the dressed relaxations are accounted by a microscopic-master-Maxwell equation pair. It is shown that the qubit longitudinal relaxation vanishes when the pulse envelope adopts a solitonic shape of nπ area whereas its transverse relaxation vanishes when the pulse phase has a periodic variation that is orthogonal to the spectral density of the environment. The pulse would propagate absorption-free when its area matches 2nπ. Otherwise, the environmental feedback decelerates the velocity of the soliton envelope and induces an monotonic increase of phase in the microwave. A pulse of non-2nπ area thus ramifies into a transparent part that travels absorption-free at incident velocity and a slowing part that decays through space. The ramification explains the environmental origin of pulse splitting observed in self-induced transparency.
Modulation instability and rogue wave spectrum for the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Zhou Jiale , Tang Yaning , Zhang Linpeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We discuss modulation instability for the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation based on nonzero background wave frequency. First of all, we analyze the existence condition of modulation instability under different perturbed frequency. The influences of the background amplitude, background frequency and perturbed frequency on the modulation instability gain are researched, respectively. Also, we obtain the correspondences between several nonlinear excitations (Kuznetsov-Ma breather, general breather, rogue wave, bright soliton and plane wave) and modulation instability according to new parameters. Furthermore, by the Fourier transformation method, we perform spectrum analyses of the first-order and second-order rogue waves. The perturbed frequency of the rogue wave can affect the location and profile of the spectrum. And we find that the spectrum of the second-order rogue wave is jagged due to the collision of the rogue waves. These results would help us further understand the dynamics of rogue wave in complex systems.
Recoil and assembling clearance on roller dynamic analysis for cylinder cam mechanism
Authors: Xu Jian , Song Lanwei , Yang Zhen , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to give the clearance and assembling recoil to the fixed cylinder cam mechanism, the main roller was dynamic analyzed. The system dynamics was done and the force changes quickly on the main roller and the force has a great value. Assembling clearance between the main roller and the cam curve slot, the main roller can suddenly rotate and it can reverse in several short intervals in theoretical analysis and test experiments, so that the huge friction force in the extremely short time will be the main wear factor. So that the main roller does not necessarily rotate in its validity period, and we are a kind of alarm of rolling or not.
Investigation on the vibration characteristics of circular saw blade with different slots
Authors: Feng Wei , Zhang Jinsheng , Zhou Haoren , Di Hao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Irregular vibration of circular saw blade caused by complex forces in the process of cutting harms the operators, product quality and the life of circular saw blade. In this paper, the modal analysis of circular saw blades with different slot length and four kinds of unequal slot length saw blades are carried out based on the finite element theory. The vibration characteristics of circular saw blades with different slot length is studied. The results show that the natural frequency and the maximum deformation increase with the increasing slot length. In the case of higher order after the 5th order, the phenomenon is even more obvious. The effects of slot length, slot depth and diamond segment on natural frequency are compared. The results show that slot length has the greatest effect on natural frequency. Circular saw blades of different structures with unequal slot length can be selected to avoid resonance during operation.
Nonlinear forced vibration of the magnetic gear system with the internal resonance
Authors: Hao Xiuhong , Hao Wenbin , Pan Deng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Considering the nonlinear magnetic coupling stiffness among components of the magnetic gear with intersecting axes and a straight SP (MGIASS), the nonlinear dynamic model and differential equations of the MGIASS system are established. Then, the expression of the forced response is obtained when the excited frequency is close to the torsional mode frequency of the input rotor. The forced responses analysis of the example system shows that: the response frequencies include the excited frequency and the double frequency. Multiple proximity between the natural frequencies directly affects the stability and resonance amplitude.