bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel insight into nitrogen and auxin signaling in lateral root formation in tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]
Authors: Hu Shunkai , Zhang Mi , Yang Yiqing , Xuan Wei , Zou Zhongwei , Arkorful Emmanuel , Chen Yi , Ma Qingping , Jeyaraj Anburaj , Chen Xuan , Li Xinghui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverage worldwide. Lateral roots (LRs) of tea plant are the main organ used for tea plant to absorb soil moisture and nutrients. Lateral roots formation and development are tightly regulated by the nitrogen and auxin signaling pathway. In order to understand the function of auxin and nitrogen signaling in LRs formation and development, transcriptome analysis was applied to investigate the differentially expressed genes involved in lateral roots of tea plants treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), low and high nitrogen concentration. Results A total of 296 common differentially expressed genes were mainly identified and annotated to four signaling pathways, such as nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, Glutathione metabolism and transcription factors. RNA-sequencing results revealed that majority of differentially expressed genes play important roles in nitrogen metabolism and hormonal signal transduction. Low nitrogen condition induced the biosynthesis of auxin and accumulation of transcripts, thereby regulating lateral roots formation. Furthermore, metabolism of cytokinin and ethylene biosynthesis were also involved in lateral roots development. Transcription factors like MYB genes also contributed to the lateral roots formation of tea plants through secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) results showed that the auxin concentration in lateral roots was increased, while the nitrogen level decreased. Thus, tea plant lateral roots formation could be induced by low nitrogen concentration via auxin biosynthesis and accumulation. Conclusion This study provides new insights into the mechanisms associated with nitrogen and auxin signaling pathways to regulate LRs formation and arises new clues for the efficient utilization of nitrogen in tea plant at the genetic level.
Effects of Gastric Sleeve Surgery on the Serum Levels of GH, IGF-1 and IGF-binding Protein 2 in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Al-Regaiey Khalid , Alshubrami Suad , Al-Beeshi Ibrahim , Alnasser Torki , Alwabel Abdulnasser , Al-Beladi Hassan , Al-Tujjar Omar , Alnasser Abdulrahman , Alfadda Assim , Iqbal Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity. It also ameliorates diabetes independently of weight loss through mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the levels of GH, IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) after gastric sleeve surgery in healthy obese individuals. Method This study was conducted in 33 obese (BMI > 38.3) healthy male subjects aged 25 to 50 years undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 levels were evaluated by ELISA at baseline and 6-12 months after surgery. Other parameters, such as glucose, BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR and lipid profile, were also investigated. Results Systemic GH (12.32 vs. 50.97 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and IGFBP-2 levels (51.86 vs. 68.81 pg/mL, p < 0.001) were elevated after bariatric surgery. There was no change in IGF-1 level from before to after surgery. BMI (52.18 vs. 40.11, p = 0.001), insulin (19.35 vs. 8.80 mIU/L, p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR index (6.48 to 2.52, p < 0.001) were reduced after surgery. Lipid profile analysis revealed that total cholesterol (4.26 vs. 5.12 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.90 to 1.55 mmol/L, p < 0.001) were increased, while triglycerides were decreased, after surgery (1.62 vs. 1.05 mmol/L p < 0.001). GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP-2 were not correlated with insulin or lipid parameters. Conclusions Our study suggests that improved circulating GH and IGFBP-2 levels may mediate the beneficial effects of gastric sleeve surgery in improving insulin sensitivity and reducing insulin demand.
Prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions and associated factors among outpatients and inpatients in Ethiopian Hospitals: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ayenew Wondim , Asmamaw Getahun , Issa Arebu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Drug-drug interaction is an emerging threat to the public health. In Ethiopia, there is high possibility of occurrence of drug-drug interactions in the hospitals. This is because of increased comorbid disease, increased polypharmacy, and increased hospitalization. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions and associated factors in Ethiopian hospitals. Methods: Literature search was performed through accessing legitimate databases in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Research Gate for English-language publications. Advanced search strategies were applied in Science Direct and HINARI to identify any additional papers and published reviews and to retrieve relevant findings closely related to prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions and associated factors with it. The search was conducted from August 3-25, 2019 and all published articles available online until the day of data collection were considered. The pooled estimate of the outcome measure were analyzed by Open Meta Analyst advanced software. By considering clinical heterogeneity among original studies, Der Simonian and Laird’s random effect model were used. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity among each studies. The publication bias was assessed by CMA version-3 software and presented with funnel plot of standard error and precision with Logit event rate. Results: A total of 14 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. From 14 studies, 5761 patients were included and a total of 8717 potential drug- drug interactions were found in 3259 of patients. The prevalence patients with potential drug- drug interactions in Ethiopian Hospitals were found to be 72.2% (95% confidence interval: 59.1%, 85.3%). Based on severity, the prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions were 25.1%, 52.8%, 16.9% and 1.27% for major, moderate, minor potential drug- drug interactions and contraindications respectively. The factors associated with potential drug- drug interactions were related to patient characteristics such as polypharmacy, age, comorbid disease and hospital stay. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions in Ethiopian Hospitals. Polypharmacy, age, comorbid disease and hospital stay were the risk factors associated with potential drug- drug interactions.
Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle
Authors: McMullen Christopher , Alexander Trevor W. , Léguillette Renaud , Workentine Matthew , Timsit Edouard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Bacterial bronchopneumonia (BP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle. The nasopharynx is generally accepted as the primary source of pathogenic bacteria that cause BP. However, it has recently been shown in humans that the oropharynx may act as the primary reservoir for pathogens that reach the lung. The objective was therefore to describe the bacterial microbiota present along the entire cattle respiratory tract to determine which upper respiratory tract (URT) niches may contribute the most to the composition of the lung microbiota. Methods Seventeen upper and lower respiratory tract locations were sampled from 15 healthy feedlot steer calves. Samples were collected using a combination of swabs, protected specimen brushes, and saline washes. DNA was extracted from each sample and the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) was sequenced. Community composition, alpha-diversity, and beta-diversity were compared among sampling locations. Results Microbiota composition differed across sampling locations, with physiologically and anatomically distinct locations showing different relative abundances of 1,137 observed sequence variants (SVs). An analysis of similarities showed that the lung was more similar to the nasopharynx (R-statistic = 0.091) than it was to the oropharynx (R-statistic = 0.709) or any other URT sampling location. Five distinct metacommunities were identified across all samples after clustering at the genus level using Dirichlet multinomial mixtures. This included a metacommunity found primarily in the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma . Further clustering at the SV level showed a shared metacommunity between the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma dispar . Other metacommunities found in the nostrils, tonsils, and oral microbiotas were dominated by Moraxella , Fusobacterium , and Streptococcus , respectively. Conclusions The nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota is most similar to the lung bacterial microbiota in healthy cattle and therefore may serve as the primary source of bacteria to the lung. This finding indicates that the nasopharynx is likely the most important location that should be targeted when doing bovine respiratory microbiota research.
Nurses’ and Family Caregivers’ Perception of Dignity in Burn Patients: a descriptive, qualitative study
Authors: Tehranineshat Banafsheh , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Torabizadeh Camellia , Fararouei Mohammad , Gillespie Mark 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The essence of nursing care is preservation of patients' human dignity. The aggressive nature of severe burn injuries is a threat to the integration of burn patient's existential dimensions and dignity. However, not much research has been conducted on respect for the dignity of burn patients.Purpose: The present study aims to determine the concept of maintaining the dignity of burn patients from the perspective of their caregivers. Methods: The study has a descriptive, qualitative research design. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth, individual interviews. Data analysis was executed using conventional content analysis. The subjects were nurses and family caregivers from the biggest burns hospital in southeastern Iran. The participants were selected via purposeful sampling (n=18) until data saturation was reached. The study lasted from October 2017 to August 2018. Results: Three main themes emerged from the information obtained from the interviews: creating a friendly atmosphere, showing respect, and providing comprehensive support.Conclusion: Burn patients need to receive care in a friendly atmosphere where they are looked after by empathetic caregivers who give enough time to them and allow them to express their feelings and concerns. Also, patients' human values and beliefs should be respected and all aspects of their existence should be taken into account for their dignity to be preserved. Workshops designed based on the findings of the present study can help improve the quality of nursing care.
ZFC3H1 provides a reference to evaluate the prognosis and treat prostate adenocarcinoma: A study based on TCGA data
Authors: Chen Shengye , Xu Haokai , Li Ping , Ye Xueting , Chen Wei , Chen Wei , Lu Zhongqiu , Huang Hang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundProstate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a common tumor with a high mortality rate, and advanced PRAD remains incurable. Exploring biomarkers related to PRAD prognosis could provide valuable information for clinical treatment. Zinc finger C3H1 domain-containing protein (ZFC3H1) is a large protein (1989 amino acids) that is expressed in many human tumors, playing an important role in RNA turnover and translation. In the present study, we first evaluated the expression profile of ZFC3H1 using bioinformatic analysis of public datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We then predicted the target genes of ZFC3H1, performed gene ontology enrichment analysis, and constructed a protein–protein interaction network. We also assessed the expression profiles of these genes and evaluated their prognostic significance. We also transfected a ZFC3H1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) into PRAD cells and investigated their migration and invasive capabilities through wound healing and transwell invasion assays. ResultsWe found that the expression levels of ZFC3H1 in many cancers, including PRAD, were notably lower than in corresponding non-cancerous tissues, and patients in the high ZFC3H1-expression group showed poor survival. We hypothesized that the low expression of ZFC3H1 in tumor tissue might have be an inhibitory effect on the autoimmune system. The results also showed that the expression levels of MPHOSPH6 (encoding M-phase phosphoprotein 6) and MRPS31 (encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31) were lower in PRAD tissues than in non-cancerous tissues, and the survival time of patients with high MPHOSPH6 and MRPS31 expression was poor. To further demonstrate the role of ZC3H1 in PRAD, we did RNA transfection. Knockdown of ZFC3H1 significantly inhibited PRAD cell migration and invasion. ConclusionZFC3H1 is closely related to PRAD's migration and invasion ability, and could represent a new marker for PRAD prognosis and provide a reference for the development of new therapies to treat PRAD.
Extended doxycycline treatment versus salpingectomy in the management of patients of hydrosalpinx undergoing IVF-ET
Authors: Fouda Usama , Elshaer Hesham , Youssef Mohamed , Darweesh Fatma 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether the treatment with doxycycline before and after oocyte retrieval is as effective as salpingectomy in minimizing the detrimental effect of hydrosalpinx on the outcomes of IVF-ET.Methods: A retrospective analysis was done for the outcomes of the IVF-ET cycles of patients with hydrosalpinx who underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy prior to IVF cycle ( n = 260 ) or were treated with extended doxycycline treatment during the IVF cycle (n = 45).In doxycycline group, doxycycline (100 mg twice daily ) was started one week before anticipated oocyte retrieval and was continued for one week after oocyte retrieval. In salpingectomy group, the mesosalpinx was coagulated as close as possible to the fallopian tube.Results: The implantation, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher in the salpingectomy group ( 20.87 % Vs. 9.91%, P value =0.007, 44.62% Vs. 20% P value = 0.002, 39.62% Vs. 17.78%,P value = 0.005 and 37.31% Vs. 15.56% P value = 0.005 respectively). Conclusion: Salpingectomy is more effective than extended doxycycline treatment in improving the outcomes of IVF-ET in patients with hydrosalpinx undergoing IVF-ET. Further, larger well designed randomized controlled trials should be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.
Developing the Patient Healthy Questionnaire-8 with a Greater Impact on Quality of Life of Patients with Functional Dyspepsia Compared with the Somatic Symptom Scale-8
Authors: Yuan Chaoqun , Yong Guizhen , Wang Xi , Xie Ting , Wang Chunyan , Yuan Yuan , He Guobin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To develop the Patient Healthy Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), as a more reliable approach compared with the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8), evaluating somatization in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), in which the effects of somatization assessed by these two approaches on quality of life (QoL) of FD patients were further compared. Methods: Herein, 612 FD patients completed a questionnaire involving 25 items. 8 out of 25 items were selected to develop the PHQ-8 by four methods of discrete degree, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, and Cronbach’s α coefficient. Reliability and validity of the PHQ-8 and the SSS-8 were compared by principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. The effects of somatization, depression, and anxiety on the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) for QoL were explored by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Results: The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the PHQ-8 and the SSS-8 was 0.601 and 0.553, respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate of three extracted factors for the developed PHQ-8 and SSS-8 was 55.103% and 51.666%, respectively. Somatization evaluated by the PHQ-8 (r=0.309, P<0.001) and the SSS-8 (r=0.281, P<0.001) was found to be correlated with the NDI. The model used for the PHQ-8 showed that the values of chi-squared (χ2), root mean square residual (RMR), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and adjusted GFI (AGFI) were 31.247, 0.01, 0.042, 0.984, and 0.967, respectively. Linear regression analysis unveiled that somatization (β=0.270, P<0.001), anxiety (β=0.163, P<0.001), and depression (β=0.136, P=0.003) assessed by the PHQ-8 were correlated with the NDI; besides, somatization (β=0.250, P<0.001), anxiety (β=0.156, P<0.001), and depression (β=0.155, P =0.001) evaluated by the SSS-8 were correlated with the NDI.Conclusions: The developed PHQ-8 showed to have a superior reliability and validity, and somatization assessed by the developed PHQ-8 showed have a greater influence on QoL of FD patients compared with the SSS-8. Our findings suggested that the developed PHQ-8 may improve fast assessment of the effects of somatization on FD patients in lieu of the SSS-8.
Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Ssekamatte Tonny , Kibira Simon P.S. , Tetui Moses , Isunju John Bosco , Mugambe Richard K. , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Buregyeya Esther , Nalwadda Christine Kayemba , Bukenya Justine Nnakate , Wanyenze Rhoda K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The use of psychoactive substances is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, the use of psychoactive substances is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions on high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSU) in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSU in the informal settlements of Kampala. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable; while more than half (53.3%) believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39) were positively associated with ever having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user, under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances, was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.45).Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies such as the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance, and give courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner, and inhibitions such as an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, finding difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated predicted high-risk sexual behaviours among young PSU. Therefore, is essential to implement sexual and reproductive health and risk reduction interventions targeting young PSU in informal settlements.
Effect of Ligustrazine Nanoparticles on Th1/Th2 Balance by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Rats with Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesion
Authors: Yang Lili , Lian Ziyu , Zhang Bin , Li Zhengjun , Zeng Li , Li Wenlin , Bian Yaoyao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is regarded as fibrous bands connecting both injured abdominal wall and organs or adjacent tissues and associated with T helper (Th)1 and Th2 differentiation. However, the critical role of immunopathogenesis of adhesion formation was precisely unknown. Previously we demonstrated that ligustrazine have positive effects on adhesion formation. And microarray analysis revealed TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway as an important underlying regulatory mechanism in the onset and development of PPA. To further explore the possible mechanism of PPA and enhance the specificity of ligustrazine delivery to injured sites of rodent models, a new agent polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles loaded with ligustrazine, that is, ligustrazine nanoparticles (LN) were applied.
Methods
Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into sham, model, LN and sodium hyaluronate (SH) groups. The structure of LN, including entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC), and in vitro drug release were calculated. Adhesions were scored and the masson’s trichrome staining was used to determine the collagen deposition. The expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB were measured by qPCR, Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay. Moreover, Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12), Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) in the cecum tissue and serum were conducted by ELISA.
Results
LN had good EE, LC and control-release delivery characters with fairly uniform diameter and spherical morphology. It could effectively prevent adhesion formation after surgery. Besides, it could reduce collagen fibers accumulation, downregulate the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB, and maintain Th1/Th2 balance.
Conclusions
Ligustrazine nanoparticles had effective effects on Th1/Th2 balance by regualtingTLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in PPA rats. It may be served as a promising therapy on postoperative adhesion formation.
Application of aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction for virus in Posner-Schlossman syndrome
Authors: Tao Shuya , Jiang Qin , Tang Li , Ding Xiyan , Li Xiumiao , Cao Guofan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

To study the effectiveness and safety of aqueous humor PCR viral detection in the diagnosis of PSS.
Methods

20 patients (case group) with PSS who suffered from recurrences and poor intraocular pressure (IOP) control by use of drugs underwent anterior chamber puncture. The concentration of different viruses in aqueous humor were detected by PCR. 20 patients (control group) with POAG were given the same treatment and we compared the difference of positive rate of the viruses between two groups. Finally, the effectiveness and safety of aqueous humor PCR viral detection in the diagnosis of PSS were observed. Besides, the advantage of PCR viral detection technology in treatment was evaluated.
Results

No complications and long-term sequelae related to anterior chamber puncture were found. The total positive rate of aqueous humor viral detection was 30% (6/20) in case group ,and was found none in control group (0/20) (P = 0.027). Then, we divided the case group into two groups. Six virus positive patients were given local and systemic antiviral treatment for 3 months and then interrupted the treatment. Fourteen patients left were given no antiviral treatment. All PSS patients were observed for 9 months from the first time of treatment. There is significant difference between two groups in recurrence rate (P = 0.013).
Conclusions

Viral infection is a risk factor of PSS. The detection of virus in aqueous humor by PCR is effective and safe for diagnosis of PSS, and helpful for targeted treatment on virus-positive patients.