bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Praperlakuan Alkali dan Asam terhadap Karakteristik Mutu Bakto Agar dari Rumput Laut Gelidium sp
Authors: Darmawan Muhamad , Santoso Joko , Fransiska Dina , Marsella Marsella 
Published: June 2020

Ekstraksi bakto agar dari rumput laut merah Gelidium sp. asal Pameungpeuk, Jawa Barat dengan praperlakuan alkali dan asam telah diteliti. Pada praperlakuan alkali digunakan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 4, 5, dan 6%. Asam yang digunakan yaitu CH3COOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5% dan 1,0%. Parameter mutu yang diamati meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar abu tak larut asam, kadar sulfat, gugus fungsi, rendemen agar, kekuatan gel, viskositas, titik leleh dan titik jendal, sineresis, dan angka lempeng total. Bakto agar terbaik diperoleh dari praperlakuan dengan konsentrasi NaOH 4% dan CH3COOH 0,5% yang telah memenuhi beberapa persyaratan mutu bakto agar komersial untuk parameter kekuatan gel, kadar air, kadar abu, dan kadar abu tak larut asam. Karakteristik mutu dari praperlakuan tersebut adalah kadar air 13,69±1,02%, kadar abu 4,24±1,28%, kadar abu tak larut asam 0,54±0,25%, kadar sulfat 1,55±0,36%, rendemen 9,19±2,21%, kekuatan gel 1464,98±109,09 g/cm2, viskositas 42,75±24,40%, sineresis 2,76±0,12%, titik jendal 20,50±2,12 °C, dan titik leleh 95,25±1,06 °C. Praperlakuan dengan konsentrasi tersebut juga memiliki nilai Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) yang sama dengan bakto agar komersial. AbstractBacto agar extraction from red seaweed Gelidium sp. from Pameungpeuk, West Java with alkali and acid pretreatment had been conducted. NaOH with concentration of 4, 5, and 6% was used for alkali pretreatment while CH3COOH at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% (v/v) was used for acid pretreatment. The quality parameters investigated were moisture content, ash content, acid insoluble ash, sulphate content, functional groups, yield, gel strength, viscosity, melting point, gelling point, syneresis, and total plate count. The best quality of bacto agar was obtained by using 4% alkali pretreatment and 0.5% CH3COOH. This pretreatment has fulfilled the specification of commercial bacto agar for moisture, ash, acid inslouble ash content, and gel strength parameter. The properties of bacto agar from this pretreatment were moisture content 13.69±1.02%, ash content 4.24±1.28%, acid insoluble ash content 0.54±0.25%, sulphate content 1.55±0.36%, yield 9.19±2.21%, gel strength 1464.98±109.09 g/cm2, syneresis 2.76±0.12%, gelling point 20.50±2.12 °C, and melting point 95.25±1.06 °C. This pretreatment also gave the same result as the commercial bacto agar for the total plate count.
The Link between Structural Quality Indicators in Pre-primary and PISA Science Literacy Skills: A Cross-Country Comparison
Authors: BULDU Elif , OLGAN Refika 
Published: June 2020

The main aim of this study was to make a comparison across distinct countries to investigate the relationship between several quality indicators in pre-primary education and children’s subsequent science competency in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) between 2000-2015 years. The cross-national indicators that were used were obtained from previous records, including public and private expenditure, pupil-teacher ratio, enrollment rate, duration, age of beginning in pre-primary education, individual countries' adult literacy rates, and income per capita. The results showed that the relationship between public expenditure, pupil-teacher ratio, income per capita, adult literacy rate and children’s subsequent science performance on the PISA were positively statistically significant at a country-level. One of the important implications of the current study is that countries that spend less (which include Turkey) should plan a detailed pre-primary expenditure agenda for the public sector and raise their current level of public spending.
Özel Yetenekli Öğrencilerin Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik Derslerinde Kullanılan Sembol ve Birimlere Yönelik Bilgi Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: NACAROĞLU Oğuzhan , ARSLAN Mehmet 
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmada, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin fen
bilimleri ve matematik derslerinde kullanılan sembol ve birimlere yönelik bilgi
düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma yöntemi
desenlerinden tarama kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2019-2020 eğitim
öğretim yılında Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir Bilim ve Sanat
Merkezi’nde öğrenim gören 103 özel yetenekli öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri
toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Birim ve Sembol
Testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin
analizinde betimsel ve çıkarıma dayalı istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri
yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin fen bilimleri
ve matematik derslerinde kullanılan birim ve sembollere yönelik bilgi
düzeylerinin düşük olduğu yönündedir. Bununla birlikte kadın ve erkek özel
yetenekli öğrencilerin testten elde ettikleri puan ortalamaları arasında
anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Buna rağmen farklı öğretim programına
devam eden özel yetenekli öğrencilerin testten elde ettikleri puanlar arasında
Özel Yetenekleri Geliştirme programındaki öğrenciler lehine anlamlı düzeyde bir
farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara yönelik gerekli önerilerde
bulunulmuştur.
ROLE OF ORAL PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HEMANGIOMAS
Authors: Zangana Ari , Shakur Ala 
Published: June 2020

Background
Infantile Hemangiomas (IH) are the most common benign tumour during childhood. Although most of the lesions do not require any treatment, problematic IH needs some sorts of intervention. Oral propranolol by a complex mechanism of action is considered as an effective way for the treatment of IH.
Objectives
The present study was conducted to clinically evaluate the outcome of propranolol as a treatment tool for proliferating infantile hemangiomas.
Patients and Methods
In this study, 17 infants, 10 males and 7 females were included in the multicenter prospective study. All infants were in the proliferative phase. Propranolol was given at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight per day in two divided doses with food for one week; then the dose increased to 1-3 mg/kg body weight according to clinical response by evaluating color, firmness, surface consistency of the lesion, depth and size ranging for a period of 4-12 months duration
Results
Most hemangiomas have elicited gradual fading of color, followed by steadily softening and decreasing in thickness of hemangiomas. Through a total no. of 17 cases before propranolol therapy, 15 cases had bright red color and 2 cases had pale color lesions. After taking propranolol therapy, only two lesions have still retained their red color, while 14 cases had clear fading of the color to pale color, and one of the cases has gained complete disappearance of the color of hemangioma to a normal skin color
Conclusion
Within the limitations of this prospective study, oral propranolol at a dose of 1-3 mg/kg in divided doses started during the proliferative phase, had effective therapeutic responses. However, this still needs more studies to prove the safety and efficacy of the drug.
EFFICACY, SATISFACTION, AND DISCOMFORT OF LONG ACTING CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS IN SULAIMANI CITY, IRAQ: A COMPARATIVE FOLLOW UP STUDY
Authors: Saeed Abeer , Mohammed Huda , Fattah Fattah 
Published: June 2020

Background
The choice of available contraceptive methods has increased in recent years At the same time, women’s awareness of methods and reasons for their method choice, or reasons for changing methods, is limited. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC ) in the form of intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the subdermal implant are starting to use.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, satisfaction, and discomfort of two common types of long acting contraceptive methods in Sulaimani City.
Patients and Methods
The study was a comparative follow up study, 80 non pregnant married women at reproductive age were included. Verbal consent was taken from the lady to use one of the methods. Patients were allocated into two groups, 40 were using long acting reversible contraception LARC (Intrauterine levonegesterl loaded system “Mirena”, while the others 40 patients used subdermal progestene “Implanon”. Insertion of both methods were performed by the researcher by following the scientific guides and techniques.
Results
Mean age of patients with Implanon use was nearly 30 years old, while for those using Mirena was 34.5; this difference statistically was highly significant. Highest level of satisfaction (65%) was reported among women using Mirena, while high percentage of dissatisfaction was reported among women who were using Implanon, this association statistically was highly significant.
Conclusion
Highest level of satisfaction, decrease in duration of blood flow, and discomfort during insertion were reported among women were using Mirena, Generally there are significant reduction in heavy blood flow, and presence of dysmmenrohea one year after insertion of both types of long acting contraception.
COMPARISON BETWEEN INTRAOPERATIVE FEATURES OF MORBIDLY ADHERENT PLACENTA WITH PRENATAL ULTRASONIC FEATURES
Authors: Ahmed Juanita , Jawad Ariana , Muhammad Huda 
Published: June 2020

Background
The term morbidly adherent placenta characterized by abnormally implanted, invasive, or adhered placenta, which is increasing in obstetrical practice mainly due to increasing rate of cesarean section associated with increasing mortality and morbidity which can be avoidable by good assessment by ultrasound before operation.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of pre-natal ultrasound in detecting morbidly adherent placenta in patients at risk.
Materials and Methods
Prospective observational study, case sheets of 125 women reviewed having placenta previa and previous uterine surgery (CS, myomectomy or curettage) from May 2018 to May 2019, population included 38 pregnant women. All cases of complete placenta previa or low-lying placenta, scans performed through either trans abdominal ultrasonography or transvaginal ultrasonography in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy, signs were loss of clear zone, placental lacunae, myometrial thinning, placental bulge, focal exophytic mass, and bladder wall interruption with the availability of more than three finding regarded as highly suspicious and final diagnosis made during cesarean section.
Results
Among 38 patients with risks, there was a significant correlation between increasing age and extend of morbidly adherent placenta. The average gestational age of the patients was 36.2 weeks, ranging from 20-39.3 weeks. All cases at least underwent prior caesarean delivery. There was increasing incidence of MAP with increasing number in C/S. In women with risk of MAP along with highly suspicious ultrasound findings, fourteen cases underwent hysterectomy, uterus-sparing alternatives to manage this condition can be an option in selected cases, the most reliable signs for suspecting percreta were placental bulge, focal exophytic mass, and bladder wall interruption, the sensitivity and positive predictive value was 70% and 90% respectively.
Conclusion
Management with prediction of MAP by ultrasonography is useful for obtaining permissible morbidity.
COMPARISON BETWEEN UNILATERAL SPINAL ANESTHESIA AND CONVENTIONAL SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN ORTHOPEDIC LOWER LIMB OPERATION FOR HEMODYNAMIC STABILITY
Authors: Boujan Amir , Hussein Bwar 
Published: June 2020

Background
A restricted sympathetic block when performing spinal anesthesia may lead to lower hemodynamic changes.
Objectives
The aim of this study is to make a comparison between unilateral spinal anesthesia with conventional spinal block in orthopedic lower limb operation regarding hemodynamic stability and vasopressors use.
Materials and Methods
Hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and 27G Quincke spinal needle were used for 42 ASA I and II patients, they were divided randomly into two groups; Unilateral block was performed with patients in sitting position, spinal needle were inserted, needle’s bevel faced to target side 1.5-2 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine injected within 2 minutes, patient positioned at lateral position with target side downwards for 15 minutes then turned to supine position. Conventional spinal block performed with patients in sitting position, 2-2.5 ml of bupivacaine was injected, and then the patient shifted to supine position.
Results
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after induction was significantly higher in unilateral group with more vasopressor use in bilateral group (p value = 0.02). No statistically significant deference regarding pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation
Conclusion
Unilateral spinal anesthesia using slow, low flow and low volume method in lower limb orthopedic procedures is associated with better hemodynamic stability in comparison to conventional spinal block.
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH RECORDS OF PATIENTS WITH BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR: AN OPEN-LABEL RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: HamaSalih Raz , Al-Nimer Marwan 
Published: June 2020

Background
Cardiac disease is believed to be the leading cause of death in thalassemia major. Iron cardiomyopathy is the primary cause of death in thalassemia major patients. Monitoring cardiac function with electrocardiography is essential in thalassemia major patients, however, diastolic and systolic dysfunction are later signs of iron overload.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the pleiotropic effect of vitamin D supplementation on the electrocardiograph records and cardiac risk variables in patients with beta thalassemia major.
Patients and Methods
Forty-six patients of beta thalassemia major were recruited in an open label, randomized clinical trial, from the Thalassemia Center of the General hospital in the Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region. Oral dose of vitamin D of 100,000 IU ampoule was administered to the patients every two weeks for eight weeks as add on therapy. Electrocardiography (ECG), serum vitamin D levels, serum ferritin, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure were determined before (at baseline) and after eight weeks of vitamin D treatment.
Results
Vitamin D3 supplements significantly prolonged PR period, QTcB interval, JTc interval and T-Pe duration in the electrocardiograph records. Additionally, a significant increase in body mass index and blood pressure were observed after supplementation with vitamin D. Furthermore, serum vitamin D was significantly increased and serum ferritin was significantly reduced after 8 weeks of supplementation with vitamin D.
Conclusions
Vitamin D supplement of 100,000 IU every two weeks causes risk when prescribed to patients with beta thalassemia major, since it impairs cardiac conduction.
INCREASING RATE OF CESAREAN SECTION IN SULAIMANI MATERNITY TEACHING HOSPITAL FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2008 TO 2018
Authors: Al-Barzanji Talar , Ghareeb Shlair , Mohammed Amanj 
Published: June 2020

Background
There are many modes of delivery for pregnant women; the commonest of these include vaginal delivery (VD) with or without episiotomy, forceps delivery, and cesarean section (CS). Whenever possible it is preferable to encourage vaginal delivery to minimize the morbidities and mortalities that are associated with cesarean section. On the other hand, when doctors estimate the risk of VD, which could be high in certain conditions for the baby and/or the mother, cesarean section will be performed.
Objectives
To determine the increasing rate of cesarean section in relation to vaginal delivery in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from 2008 to 2018.
Patients and Methods
A retrospective study, data were collected from medical reports of pregnant ladies, delivered their babies either by vaginal delivery or cesarean section starting from January 2008 to December 2018. All data were retrieved from the department of statistics at the mentioned period of time were 180,625 cases, and numbers of each group of the patients were separately analyzed. As well as the primigravida and multigravida were sub grouped in each of these two major groups.
Results
From the total cases, 123,836 cases (68.6%) were vaginal delivery, and 56,789 cases (31.4%) were cesarean section. There is a notable annual increase in the percentage of CS. However, the percentage of primigravida CS is declining annually.
Conclusions
The rate of cesarean section in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from 2008-2018 was 31.4% in relation to the vaginal delivery, which is regarded as a higher than the universal standard that has been put by the world health organization, which is between 10%-15%. And this rate is increasing annually.
Assessment of comorbidities in patients with deranged thyroid hormone levels
Authors: Narwade Sneha D. , Barve Rohidas M. 
Published: June 2020

Background: There is association of deranged thyroid hormone levels with various co-morbidities. Drugs for comorbidity may interact with each other and affect the outcome of treatment. So, this study was planned to find out comorbidities with deranged thyroid hormone levels and various possible drug interactions.Methods: It was a prospective, observational study carried out at tertiary care hospital from November 2017 to June 2018. Thyroid hormonal levels reports were followed in OPD and online information system facility. Drugs interactions were checked by referring standard pharmacology textbooks, review articles and Medscape drug interaction checker. Approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before initiation of the study. Patients with deranged thyroid hormone levels were included in the study.Results: Study was conducted in 111 patients of thyroid disorders. Spondylitis, asthma, acne cases were seen in hypothyroid patients whereas hypokalemic periodic paralysis, thyroid ophthalmopathy statistically significantly seen in hyperthyroid patients. Various concurrent medications such as calcium, carbamazepine decreases the effects of levothyroxine. For management of comorbidities various drugs are given which also interact among themselves significantly.Conclusions: Diabetes mellites, obesity, spondylitis, lichen planus were more common in hypothyroidism while comorbidities like hypertension, hypokalemic periodic paralysis, thyroid ophthalmopathy were found to be more in hyperthyroidism. Incidence of drug interactions is found to be more with increased use of medications for comorbidities, so physicians should be careful while prescribing them. Due to drug interactions desired effects of drugs given for thyroid disorders may not be observed.
Decompressive craniectomy in herpes simplex encephalitis: a case report
Authors: Suri Vinit , Jain Swapnil , Naga Mohit Kalangi Venkata , Tyagi Sudheer , Bhati Aditendraditya Singh , Suri Kanika 
Published: June 2020

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis is the commonest form of sporadic encephalitis. Availability of effective antiviral therapy viz Acyclovir has significantly reduced the mortality of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis. Elevated intracranial pressure resulting in herniation syndromes continues to be an important cause of mortality. Antiviral therapy and medical measures for managing raised intracranial pressure including osmotic diuretics, careful usage of steroids and controlled hyperventilation continue to be the cornerstones in management of these patients. Authors present a 38-year-old male patient with Cerebrospinal fluid Meningo-encephalitic panel positivity for herpes simplex virus 1 and bilateral temporal lobe lesions with secondary decline due to impending herniation syndrome despite osmotic diuretics and steroids with patient survival and complete recovery following decompressive hemicraniectomy.
Vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete childhood vaccination among children aged 12-59 months in Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
Authors: Malecosio Serafin O. , D. Celis M. Jascha Lane , Delicana Katie B. , Deopido Anarey M. , Bacale Keanah Marie F. Kang , Labasan Van Karlo L. , Ladiao Riza Mae C. , Militante Kriza Marie D. , Paguntalan Jaypee M. , Sabusap Von Erjun P. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Complete Vaccination has made a significant contribution to the prevention of infectious diseases among children. However, not all children were completely vaccinated. This study aimed to determine the vaccination coverage, timeliness, and maternal-related factors associated with incomplete vaccination of children in Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines.Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 12-59 months at the time the study was conducted between April 15 and 26, 2019 in Miagao, Iloilo. A total of 515 children were selected using a two-stage random sampling design. The data were collected from the Target Client Lists records, encoded, and analyzed using SPSS v21. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with incomplete vaccination. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with their confidence interval were reported.Results: The complete vaccination coverage among children was low at 28.7%. Among those completely vaccinated, 2.7% to 88.5% had untimely Vaccination. Significant factors associated with incomplete Vaccination were children born at home (AOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.32-3.36) and mothers who had two or less postnatal visits (AOR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.39-8.44). Age and number of antenatal visits of the mothers did not influence the outcome.Conclusions: Maternal related factors significantly associated with incomplete vaccination were the place of child delivery and the number of postnatal visits of mothers. The study recommends educating mothers on the importance of postnatal visits and enhancing maternal health services, especially the promotion of facility-based delivery.
Indian aesthetic dance and yoga improves mental health among caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a randomized trial
Authors: Hegde Jayashree R. , Melukote Sridhar K. , Srinivasan T. M. , Singh Deepeshwar 
Published: June 2020

Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of Indian aesthetic dance (IAD) and yoga on psychological behavioral and mental health-related problems among the caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).Methods: One hundred one caregiver participants were randomly allocated to either intervention of IAD or a structured yoga program or in a control group. The invention groups received supervised eight-weeks IAD or yoga training for 3 alternative days, 75 min each day. In total, 96 subjects completed the study with after high adherence of 95% to intervention sessions. Caregivers were assessed with self-rated primary measures including the Zarit burden scale (ZBS), depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21) scale; and secondary measures were revised caregiver’s appraisal scale (RCAS) and WHO Quality of Life WHOQOL (BREF) scale. The assessments were done at pre (1st day), mid (ENT of 4th week), and post (end of 8th week) of interventions.Results: Statistical analysis showed there was a significant reduction in scores of ZBS (p<0.001), DASS-21 (p<0.001), and significant improvement was found in the subscales of RCAS and WHOQOL (BREF) (p<0.001). Conclusions: The outcome of the study suggests that IAD and Yoga can be feasible interventions for alleviating symptoms of mental health-related issues among caregivers.