bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of nozzle erosion and its cascading impact on jet quality
Authors: Pandey Arun , Shrestha Sajan , Niroula Sagar , Chitrakar Sailesh , Prasad Neopane Hari , Gunnar Dahlhaug Ole 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sediment erosion is one of the major factors affecting the overall efficiency of hydro-turbines working under sediment laden conditions. The erosion not only decreases the efficiency but also changes the flow characteristics. However, the research regarding the changes in flow characteristics due to erosion is limited. The objective of this study is to identify the changes in flow characteristics of a Pelton nozzle due to erosion. Particularly, in a Pelton turbine system, the nozzle and the bucket are the components that are mostly affected by the erosion. The flow in the nozzle is unaffected by the erosion in the bucket. Nonetheless, the overall flow characteristics in the bucket can be affected by nozzle erosion. The erosion in the nozzle decreases the jet velocity and make it bit more dispersed which eventually decreases its impact force on the bucket and eventually leads to the decrement in overall efficiency of the turbine. A numerical study was conducted to compare the pressure loss, jet diameter, velocity, and dispersion angle between eroded and uneroded nozzle. Some wavy perturbations were induced on the needle and nozzle casing of the reference uneroded case to create the eroded nozzle case. The CFD simulation was then performed in OpenFOAM using its inbuilt multiphase solver, incompressibleVoF (interFoam). It was observed that, with erosion the total pressure loss, jet diameter, and dispersion angle increases but the velocity of the flow decreases. If these changes in flow get detected during operation, it can be used to develop real-time condition monitoring system.
Analysis of the pump-turbine cavitation with small guide vane opening on pump mode
Authors: Tian Q H , Min H P , Xiao Y X , Liu J , Wang X D , Tang D D , Zhan D , Lu Z X 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cavitation is the main factor affecting the secure and stable operation of pump-turbine units. In this paper, a prototype of pump-turbine with splitter blade was chosen for analysis. The three-dimensional numerical calculation of the entire flow passage is carried out for the pump model under different cavitation number with small guide vane opening, and analysis the flow behaviour and cavitation phenomena. The calculated critical cavitation number is consistent with the experimental results. It is found that the cavitation mainly occurs at the runner long blade low-pressure edge, and large vortices are generated between the pressure surface of the long blade and the suction surface of the splitter blade flow channel. The combined effect of cavitation and vortex hinder the flow in the runner blade to blade channels, which makes the flow pattern in the runner and it’s downstream become more complex, which further leads to large hydraulic energy losses in the vanes and spiral case domain.
CFD – Tool for Choosing a Suitable Flow Measurement Methods
Authors: Souček J. , Nowak P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Verifying guaranteed turbine parameters, especially flow rate, is essential after turbine or pump-turbine rehabilitation. Extensive changes in the hydraulic circuit are realized in the case of the transformation of an existing hydropower plant (HPP) to a pumped storage power plant (PSP), replacing vertical Kaplan with a new reversible Francis turbine. The article introduces a methodology for choosing a suitable flow measurement method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) supported by standards (IEC, ASME, ISO) and scientific literature serves as a tool for choosing a suitable flow measurement method, its optimal position in the penstock, and quantifying the value of uncertainty. Two main flow measurement methods – the current meter and the ultrasonic method - were considered in this article. A “virtual flow measurement” was performed based on the velocity field obtained from the CFD model. The reconstructed flow rates obtained from the virtual measurement by both methods were compared with exact flow rate values from CFD. The flow deviation’s sensitivity to the current meter position or the ultrasonic paths rotation was performed for the selected profiles. The profiles with small deviations and low sensitivity to rotation correspond to the recommended profiles according to the standards.
Analysis of the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Kupang River to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Setyawan A , Muhammad F , Hermawan F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Human impacts include farming activities, settlements, and industrial waste, all of which degrade the quality of the water in the Kupang River in Central Java. Based on Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) 6, Clean Water and Sanitation, the Indonesian government targeted a value of 55.5 for the WQI. Descriptive quantitative research was conducted by studying water quality data in the rainy and dry seasons from 2021 to 2023. The results showed that, in general, the Kupang River was in good condition in its upstream parts, and its downstream areas had degraded further into light and heavy pollution. WQI scores were 48 in 2021, 50 in 2022, and 44 in 2023, indicating that the SDG target has yet to be achieved. The significant polluters are high levels of fecal coliform from domestic waste, coupled with low DO and high levels of BOD, COD, and total phosphate. Textile and batik industry wastes increase the level of pollution further downstream. Improvement in wastewater management and public education on environmental conservation is urgently needed for the restoration of the water quality in the river and to support the achievement of SDGs.
Utilization Of Animal Manure For Biogas Production: Renewable Energy Solutions For Livestock Houses
Authors: Awan F N , Mawaddah N , Munandar A , Taher T , Fajar M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Utilizing livestock manure for biogas production offers an efficient and sustainable renewable energy solution for farming households. This research aims to disseminate the potential of livestock manure as raw material for biogas production, identify the benefits and challenges faced, and provide recommendations for wider implementation. The methods used include literature analysis, case studies on farmer households, as well as economic and environmental evaluation of biogas production. The research results show that livestock manure has great potential to be processed into biogas, which can be used as an energy source for domestic purposes such as cooking, lighting and heating. Apart from that, the residue resulting from the fermentation process can be used to make high-quality organic fertilizer, which can increase soil fertility and agricultural productivity. The application of biogas technology also contributes to better waste management and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane. However, several challenges still need to be overcome, including farmers’ limited knowledge of biogas technology, relatively high initial investment costs, and the need for strong policy support from the government. This study suggests improving extension programs, providing financial incentives, and developing supportive policies to encourage the adoption of biogas technology among livestock farmers. Overall, the use of livestock manure for biogas production not only produces a sustainable renewable energy solution but also contributes to improving the welfare of farmers and preserving the environment. Effective implementation of this technology can provide significant long-term benefits to the economy and ecology of farmer households.
Green synthesis of halogenated flavonoids and their pharmacological properties: a mini-review
Authors: Danova A , Hermawati E , Mujahidin D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Halogenated flavonoids have attracted much attention due to their diverse biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. These organic molecules are modified by introducing halogen atoms, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, which can significantly change their physicochemical properties, affecting biological activity and environmental behavior. As environmental sustainability becomes an increasing concern, eco-synthesis, which involves the design and development of environmentally friendly synthetic pathways, has emerged as a major area of focus in the synthesis of halogenated flavonoids. This approach aims to minimize the use of hazardous reagents and solvents, reduce waste generation and improve overall sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to discuss green halogenation methods and the pharmacological properties of halogenated flavonoids.
Predictive soil nutrient modeling with spectral data and machine learning in four major Indonesian Provinces located on the island of java
Authors: Ramdhani T I , Adnan  , Suryana Y , Rochmadi T , Aziz A , Kamaruddin A , Ghazali N , Hadi A , Oktaviani W , Budiwati S V , Hakim A R , Fahrodji  , Nuraini L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study provides a detailed analysis of predicting soil nutrient content using spectral data and machine learning techniques in four Indonesian provinces: West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta (DIY), and East Java. The research collected 145 soil samples to predict various key soil nutrients, such as N Total, NH4, NO3, P Total, P Available, K Total, K Available, C Organic, and pH. The study used linear regression (LR) and deep neural networks (DNN) with a deep cross-network (DCN) architecture to model the relationships between soil spectral data and nutrient content. LR was used as a baseline model to understand linear relationships between spectral features and soil properties and identify the most influential spectral frequencies in predicting soil nutrient levels. On the other hand, the DNN model captured complex, non-linear patterns within the data. Results showed that while the DNN model displayed advanced capabilities, the LR model generally outperformed it in predictive accuracy, particularly for nutrients like N-Total, P-Total, and K-Total. The findings highlight the potential of combining spectral data with advanced machine-learning techniques for precise soil nutrient estimation, which could significantly enhance agricultural productivity and soil management practices in Indonesia.
Implementation of greenship rating tools at Kubah Timah Mosque Pangkalpinang
Authors: Felly R , Syafrina A , Rahmadyani H , Fahimah R , Dirda A U , Adari E S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global warming is a common issue today. Previous research has shown that green building is capable of reducing environmental damage, lowering carbon emissions, and mitigating harmful ecological impacts by implementing renewable energy. Greenship is the standard for evaluating green building criteria, developed by the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI). Through Greenship assessments, buildings can be assessed for their sustainability performance. Currently Bangka Belitung Province, especially Pangkalpinang as capital city, does not have any buildings that are certified as green buildings. This study aims to assess the green building points of the Kubah Timah Mosque Pangkalpinang. The method used is assessing the implementation of green building by Greenships Rating Tools verse 1.2. This research found that this building got 20 points, which does not qualify for any Green Building ranking. However, the building has significant potential to achieve a Bronze rank from GBCI with a minimum score of 35 points. This research gives some recommendations to increase the criteria point by implementing some categories in Appropriate Site Development (ASD), Energy Efficiency & Conservation (EEC), Water Conservation (WAC), and Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC).
Green treatment solutions: Decolorization of textile wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Duong D V , Trung L D , Tuong L Q , My L V H , Tuyet L T H , Tran T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The textile dyeing industry is continually evolving, presenting the ongoing challenge of treating wastewater generated during the production process. Effective wastewater treatment in the dyeing industry requires a combination of methods to ensure the effluent quality and reduce costs, thereby aligning with the sustainable development goals of businesses. A promising solution lies in the use of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, which has the capability to absorb and degrade pollutants. This study aims to optimize the initial factors affecting the decolorization efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris, investigating the impact of pH on the decolorization rate and growth rate of the microalgae. The decolorization process was monitored over several consecutive days to evaluate the daily decolorization capacity of the microalgae. The survey of pH influence on decolorization efficiency revealed that the dye removal efficiency of wastewater exceeded 95% after 10 days when wastewater with a color intensity of 400 Pt-Co was introduced into a Chlorella vulgaris solution of the same volume. The results indicated that a pH of 8 is the most suitable environment for the decolorization process and the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. The decolorization rate at pH 8 achieved 62% efficiency after 5 days. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Chlorella vulgaris presents an effective and sustainable solution for treating industrial dyeing wastewater, contributing to green processing in the industry.
Design of a nodemcu-based system for monitoring and controlling the water quality of catfish tarp pond
Authors: Anggraini E , Putra G B , Kurniawan R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Patin fish is known as a type of fish that is widely consumed by the public, which makes its selling price high. This is what makes catfish a type of fish that is widely cultivated. Catfish are cultivated from small fry to fish that are ready to be sold. Catfish farmers often use tarpaulin or earthen ponds as media. Many catfish farmers often or rarely even know that one of the important factors in the success of catfish cultivation is well-maintained water quality. According to the National Standardization Agency (SNI, 2016) there are several water quality parameters including, Temperature, pH, DO, Ammonia, Turbidity and Salinity. This research is creating a system that combines the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) with cultivating catfish in tarpaulin ponds which aims to facilitate monitoring and maintenance of fish pond water by farmers. The system that will be created is capable of monitoring and controlling fish pond water quality remotely using a Telegram bot on Android which can be accessed continuously remotely without having to go directly to the location. The overall process starts from the fish pond water which is used as research material where temperature sensors, pH sensors, TDS sensors and ultrasonic sensors are inserted into the fish pond water to measure the quality of the fish pond water, then the ESP32 which receives signals from all sensors, carries out the processing data, and controlling relays based on sensor measurement results or commands from the Telegram bot, for example when to open or close a solenoid valve based on water level or other water quality parameters.
Analysis of shallot growth with boron and benzyl amino purine (BAP) application in Central Bangka Regency
Authors: Wahyuni W , Kartika  , Sari E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The cultivation of shallots in Bangka Island has been regularly carried out by farmers in Central Bangka Regency in recent years. However, the amount of production and productivity achieved has not met the demand for shallots in the area. The Bangka Islands region is generally surrounded by critical land due to mining activities that have a significant impact on soil fertility. The addition of cytokinins as growth regulators in the form of Benzyl amino purine (BAP) and the micronutrient boron has been reported to enhance the production and productivity of shallots. The aim of this research is to determine the appropriate concentration of BAP and the required dosage of boron to enhance the yield and productivity of shallot in Bangka Island, specifically the bima brebes and bauji varieties. The research results indicate that there is an interaction in the treatment combinations regarding plant height parameters in both varieties. The addition of BAP at 100 ppm affects the height of the Bima Brebes variety. The application of boron at various doses does not influence the vegetative growth of the shallot plants of the Bima Brebes and Bauji varieties.
Study of the potential of microhydro electric power plant in Universitas Bangka Belitung’s Embung
Authors: Hisyam E S , Arkan F , Oktarianty H , Aldila H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In today’s world, electrical energy has become a fundamental need for people to perform various activities. The search for energy sources that are ecofriendly, zero waste, cost-effective, and sustainable is a major focus for researchers developing new power generation technologies. Among these, the microhydro power plant stands out as a promising technology with these desired attributes for generating electricity. This study aims to assess the water flow rate and the head of the water in UBB’s Embung from July to August 2024 as part of its potential analysis. The results indicate that UBB’s Embung has the potential to support a microhydro power plant, with a maximum estimated output of 98.45 kW.
Literacy rate of environmental protection policy on compliance and community participation in conservation programs: a comparative
Authors: Ardyawin I , Syaharuddin  , Iswanto D , Septyanun N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aims to examine differences in environmental policy literacy on community compliance and participation in conservation programs, as well as examine differences based on gender. This study used a quantitative approach with research subjects consisting of 24 men and 63 women spread across 10 districts/cities in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The results of the analysis showed a t-test value of 3.018 with Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.003<0.05, which indicated a significant difference between the level of compliance and community participation in maintaining environmental conservation. In addition, testing the level of community participation based on gender shows a t-test value of 2.456 with Sig.(2-tailed) of 0.016<0.05, which also indicates a significant difference. These findings indicate that environmental policy literacy has a significant effect on community compliance and participation, and there are differences in the level of participation based on gender in environmental conservation programs.
Supply chain model for improving material & environment sustainability: an analysis from green supply chain implementation in automobile industry
Authors: Huda M , Rahayu A , Furqon C , Sultan M A , Hartati N , Bahri K N , Achmad L I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Prevention of environmental damage must be considered by all stakeholders in order to reduce the negative effects. As a result, the objective of this inquire about is to set up how a few organizations utilize green supply chain administration and the affect it has on corporate execution. This study uses observation methods to obtain primary data and also uses secondary data from various relevant research sources. According to the findings, 1) Automotive industry has effectively executed green supply chain administration hones. Its application is to employ ecologically friendly raw materials, maximize raw materials, make goods easier to recycle, reduce waste, and encourage environmental activities, 2) Green supply chain management can increase firm performance by increasing efficiency and lowering expenses
The ethnic diversity of farmer groups in environmental management of lowland rice farming in Rias Village, Toboali District, South Bangka Regency
Authors: Sitorus R , Zulkarnain I , Wahyuni W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An increase in population quantity and community cultural diversity drives the need for the Bangka Belitung Islands Province to increase the productivity of the agricultural sector, especially rice as the main source of staple food. Not only is increasing the quantity of lowland rice production a measure of guaranteeing food security, but managing a healthy agricultural environment is also very important in achieving the sustainability target of national food security. What is unique is that the group of farmers in the rice production center of Bangka Belitung, namely Rias Village, Toboali District, South Bangka Regency, has a variety of cultures whose domicile is grouped based on ethnicity. This research was carried out to map the locus of lowland rice farmer groups based on ethnicity and describe the character of environmental management of lowland rice farming in the context of sustainable food security. The research method used was a survey of 60 rice farmers, mapping farmer group loci, and quantitative descriptive methods. The research results are depicted in a locus map of farmer groups of Bangka ethnic, Javanese, Bugis, and Sundanese ethnic groups. It was found that differences in the environmental management characteristics of lowland rice farming include: the selection of rice varieties, different agricultural practices, such as the use of organic fertilizer, traditional-based irrigation, crop rotation, cooperation patterns, and land ownership systems.
Ecotourism for sustainability: an in-depth perception and evaluation analysis of community-based “Belitong Geopark” in Belitung Island
Authors: Zukhri N , Rosalina E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Belitong Geopark covers an area of approximately 125,000 hectares. A community-based ecotourism area that seeks to balance tourism development by integrating ecology and socio-economic welfare. This study aims to explore perceptions and evaluations. Perception and evaluation of community-based tourism management in the Belitong Geopark Area. Tourism management must achieve sustainable development goals. This research method used a combination of qualitative and quantitative. This approaches community perceptions and evaluations of the Belitong Geopark ecotourism initiative. Questionnaires, surveys, and interviews were conducted to capture various perspectives from the community, tourists, and stakeholders involved in the management of Belitong Geopark. Data analysis techniques introduces the innovative use of the Community-Based Ecotourism (CBE) model combined with SWOT analysis, providing a robust analytical framework to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Belitong Geopark. The findings of this study are that the community and stakeholders have a positive perception of the management of community-based ecotourism areas in Belitong Geopark. Another finding is the importance of integrating community perspectives into ecotourism planning and management strategies. It can ensure long-term sustainability and mutual benefit for all stakeholders involved. By fostering collaboration between residents, government agencies, NGOs, and private sector entities, community-based ecotourism management and development initiatives will generate economic opportunities. We need attention to the preservation of nature and the socio-cultural life of the community.