bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quaternary Seismostratigraphy and Tectonosedimentary Evolution of the North Tunisian Continental Margin
Authors: Camafort Miquel , Gràcia Eulàlia , Ranero César R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNorthern Tunisia contains the poorly defined boundary between the Nubia and Eurasian plates. Offshore north Tunisia, the continental margin is interpreted to be part of the North Africa collisional fold and thrust belt system, linking the Maghrebian and the Sicilian‐Apennine chains. The Tunisia margin deforms by a slow NW‐SE trending convergence resulting in a diffuse deformation zone with scarce and scattered seismicity, in contrast to the neighboring regions of north Algeria and north Sicily. The complex recent evolution of this region is poorly known due to the paucity of studies, particularly offshore in the north Tunisian continental margin. Here, we present the seismostratigraphic analysis of the last ~1.8 Ma tectonosedimentary evolution of this area. The seismostratigraphic analysis supports that individual Quaternary depocenters developed syntectonic to faulting and that faulting influenced sedimentation patterns. We identify an abrupt variation in the sediment accumulation rates (SARs) coeval to a change in the strata geometry of the units located near faults at 402 ± 5 ka (mid‐Middle Pleistocene), supporting a change in the rate of faulting associated to contraction tectonics. This change indicates that deformation is controlled by the NW‐SE convergence between Nubia and Eurasia, probably accelerated at the end of extension in the Tyrrhenian back‐arc. Therefore, the current driving mechanism in the Central Mediterranean is possibly lithospheric collision between Nubia and Eurasia.
Hillslope Hydrology Influences the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Remotely Sensed Ecosystem Productivity
Authors: Tai Xiaonan , Anderegg William R. L. , Blanken Peter D. , Burns Sean P. , Christensen Lindsey , Brooks Paul D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrediction of ecosystem responses to a changing climate is challenging at the landscape to regional scale, in part because topography creates various habitats and influences ecosystem productivity in complex ways. However, the effects of topography on ecosystem function remain poorly characterized and quantified. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a framework to systematically quantify and evaluate the effects of topographic convergence, elevation, aspect, and forest type on the long‐term (1986–2011) average and interannual variability of remotely sensed ecosystem productivity. In a forested watershed in the Rocky Mountains, spanning elevations from 1,800 to 4,000 m, we found a prevalent and positive influence of topographic convergence on long‐term productivity. Interannual growing season productivity was positively related to precipitation, with higher sensitivity in low elevation and highly productive areas and lower sensitivity in convergent areas. Our findings highlight the influence of topographic complexity on both long‐term and interannual variations of ecosystem productivity and have implications for understanding and prediction of ecosystem dynamics at hillslope to regional scales.
Huge upconversion luminescence enhancement by a cascade optical field modulation strategy facilitating selective multispectral narrow-band near-infrared photodetection
Authors: Ji Yanan , Xu Wen , Ding Nan , Yang Haitao , Song Hongwei , Liu Qingyun , Ågren Hans , Widengren Jerker , Liu Haichun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince selective detection of multiple narrow spectral bands in the near-infrared (NIR) region still poses a fundamental challenge, we have, in this work, developed NIR photodetectors (PDs) using photon upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) combined with perovskite films. To conquer the relatively high pumping threshold of UCNCs, we designed a novel cascade optical field modulation strategy to boost upconversion luminescence (UCL) by cascading the superlensing effect of dielectric microlens arrays and the plasmonic effect of gold nanorods, which readily leads to a UCL enhancement by more than four orders of magnitude under weak light irradiation. By accommodating multiple optically active lanthanide ions in a core-shell-shell hierarchical architecture, developed PDs on top of this structure can detect three well-separated narrow bands in the NIR region, i.e., those centered at 808, 980, and 1540 nm. Due to the large UCL enhancement, the obtained PDs demonstrate extremely high responsivities of 30.73, 23.15, and 12.20 A W−1 and detectivities of 5.36, 3.45, and 1.91 × 1011 Jones for 808, 980, and 1540 nm light detection, respectively, together with short response times in the range of 80–120 ms. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the response to the excitation modulation frequency of a PD can be employed to discriminate the incident light wavelength. We believe that our work provides novel insight for developing NIR PDs and that it can spur the development of other applications using upconversion nanotechnology.
The membrane-bound and soluble form of melanotransferrin function independently in the diagnosis and targeted therapy of lung cancer
Authors: Lei Yuanyuan , Lu Zhiliang , Huang Jianbing , Zang Ruochuan , Che Yun , Mao Shuangshuang , Fang Lingling , Liu Chengming , Wang Xinfeng , Zheng Sufei , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMelanotransferrin (MFI2) is a newly identified tumor-associated protein, which consists of two forms of proteins, membrane-bound (mMFI2) and secretory (sMFI2). However, little is known about the expression pattern and their relevance in lung cancer. Here, we found that both two forms of MFI2 are highly expressed in lung cancer. The expression of MFI2 in lung cancer was detected by using the public database and qRT-PCR. Overexpression and knockdown cell lines and recombinant sMFI2 protein were used to study the function of mMFI2 and sMFI2. RNA-seq, protein chip, ChIP assay, Immunoprecipitation, ELISA, and immunofluorescence were used to study the molecular biological mechanism of mMFI2 and sMFI2. We found that mMFI2 promoted the expression of EMT’s common marker N-cadherin by downregulating the transcription factor KLI4, which in turn promoted tumor metastasis; sMFI2 could promote the metastasis of autologous tumor cells in an autocrine manner but the mechanism is different from that of mMFI2. In addition, sMFI2 was proved could inhibit the migration of vascular endothelial cells and subsequently enhance angiogenic responses in a paracrine manner. We propose that the expressions and functions of the two forms of MFI2 in lung cancer are relatively independent. Specifically, mMFI2 was a potential lung cancer therapeutic target, while sMFI2 was highly enriched in advanced lung cancer, and could be used as a tumor staging index.
Machine learning in chemical reaction space
Authors: Stocker Sina , Csányi Gábor , Reuter Karsten , Margraf Johannes T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChemical compound space refers to the vast set of all possible chemical compounds, estimated to contain 1060 molecules. While intractable as a whole, modern machine learning (ML) is increasingly capable of accurately predicting molecular properties in important subsets. Here, we therefore engage in the ML-driven study of even larger reaction space. Central to chemistry as a science of transformations, this space contains all possible chemical reactions. As an important basis for ‘reactive’ ML, we establish a first-principles database (Rad-6) containing closed and open-shell organic molecules, along with an associated database of chemical reaction energies (Rad-6-RE). We show that the special topology of reaction spaces, with central hub molecules involved in multiple reactions, requires a modification of existing compound space ML-concepts. Showcased by the application to methane combustion, we demonstrate that the learned reaction energies offer a non-empirical route to rationally extract reduced reaction networks for detailed microkinetic analyses.
Copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,6-conjugate allylation
Authors: Shi Chang-Yun , Pan Zhi-Zhou , Tian Ping , Yin Liang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric conjugate allylation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds is usually difficult to achieve, as 1,2-addition proceeds dominantly and high asymmetric induction is a challenging task. Herein, we disclose a copper(I)-NHC complex catalyzed asymmetric 1,6-conjugate allylation of 2,2-dimethyl-6-alkenyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-ones. The phenolic hydroxyl group in NHC ligands is found to be pivotal to obtain the desired products. Both aryl group and alkyl group at δ-position are well tolerated with the corresponding products generated in moderate to high yields and high enantioselectivity. Moreover, both 2-substituted and 3-substituted allylboronates serve as acceptable allylation reagents. At last, the synthetic utility of the products is demonstrated in several transformations by means of the versatile terminal olefin and dioxinone groups.
Marcksl1 modulates endothelial cell mechanoresponse to haemodynamic forces to control blood vessel shape and size
Authors: Kondrychyn Igor , Kelly Douglas J. , Carretero Núria Taberner , Nomori Akane , Kato Kagayaki , Chong Jeronica , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Okuda Satoru , Mochizuki Naoki , Phng Li-Kun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe formation of vascular tubes is driven by extensive changes in endothelial cell (EC) shape. Here, we have identified a role of the actin-binding protein, Marcksl1, in modulating the mechanical properties of EC cortex to regulate cell shape and vessel structure during angiogenesis. Increasing and depleting Marcksl1 expression level in vivo results in an increase and decrease, respectively, in EC size and the diameter of microvessels. Furthermore, endothelial overexpression of Marcksl1 induces ectopic blebbing on both apical and basal membranes, during and after lumen formation, that is suppressed by reduced blood flow. High resolution imaging reveals that Marcksl1 promotes the formation of linear actin bundles and decreases actin density at the EC cortex. Our findings demonstrate that a balanced network of linear and branched actin at the EC cortex is essential in conferring cortical integrity to resist the deforming forces of blood flow to regulate vessel structure.
All-dielectric magnetic metasurface for advanced light control in dual polarizations combined with high-Q resonances
Authors: Ignatyeva Daria O. , Karki Dolendra , Voronov Andrey A. , Kozhaev Mikhail A. , Krichevsky Denis M. , Chernov Alexander I. , Levy Miguel , Belotelov Vladimir I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanostructured magnetic materials provide an efficient tool for light manipulation on sub-nanosecond and sub-micron scales, and allow for the observation of the novel effects which are fundamentally impossible in smooth films. For many cases of practical importance, it is vital to observe the magneto-optical intensity modulation in a dual-polarization regime. However, the nanostructures reported on up to date usually utilize a transverse Kerr effect and thus provide light modulation only for p-polarized light. We present a concept of a transparent magnetic metasurface to solve this problem, and demonstrate a novel mechanism for magneto-optical modulation. A 2D array of bismuth-substituted iron-garnet nanopillars on an ultrathin iron-garnet slab forms a metasurface supporting quasi-waveguide mode excitation. In contrast to plasmonic structures, the all-dielectric magnetic metasurface is shown to exhibit much higher transparency and superior quality-factor resonances, followed by a multifold increase in light intensity modulation. The existence of a wide variety of excited mode types allows for advanced light control: transmittance of both p- and s-polarized illumination becomes sensitive to the medium magnetization, something that is fundamentally impossible in smooth magnetic films. The proposed metasurface is very promising for sensing, magnetometry and light modulation applications.
Reprogrammable meta-hologram for optical encryption
Authors: Qu Geyang , Yang Wenhong , Song Qinghai , Liu Yilin , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Han Jiecai , Tsai Din-Ping , Xiao Shumin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMeta-holographic encryption is a potentially important technique for information security. Despite rapid progresses in multi-tasked meta-holograms, the number of information channels available in metasurfaces is limited, making meta-holographic encryption vulnerable to some attacking algorithms. Herein, we demonstrate a re-programmable metasurface that can produce arbitrary holographic images for optical encryption. The encrypted information is divided into two matrices. These two matrices are imposed to the incident light and the metasurface, respectively. While the all-dielectric metasurface is static, the phase matrix of incident light provides additional degrees of freedom to precisely control the eventual functions at will. With a single Si metasurface, arbitrary holographic images and videos have been transported and decrypted. We hope that this work paves a more promising way to optical information encryption and authentication.
Wnt/Beta-catenin/Esrrb signalling controls the tissue-scale reorganization and maintenance of the pluripotent lineage during murine embryonic diapause
Authors: Fan Rui , Kim Yung Su , Wu Jie , Chen Rui , Zeuschner Dagmar , Mildner Karina , Adachi Kenjiro , Wu Guangming , Galatidou Styliani , Li Jianhua , Schöler Hans R. , Leidel Sebastian A. , Bedzhov Ivan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe epiblast, which provides the foundation of the future body, is actively reshaped during early embryogenesis, but the reshaping mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using a 3D in vitro model of early epiblast development, we identify the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its central downstream factor Esrrb as the key signalling cascade regulating the tissue-scale organization of the murine pluripotent lineage. Although in vivo the Wnt/β-catenin/Esrrb circuit is dispensable for embryonic development before implantation, autocrine Wnt activity controls the morphogenesis and long-term maintenance of the epiblast when development is put on hold during diapause. During this phase, the progressive changes in the epiblast architecture and Wnt signalling response show that diapause is not a stasis but instead is a dynamic process with underlying mechanisms that can appear redundant during transient embryogenesis.
An integrated model system to gain mechanistic insights into biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa MPAO1
Authors: Varadarajan Adithi R. , Allan Raymond N. , Valentin Jules D. P. , Castañeda Ocampo Olga E. , Somerville Vincent , Pietsch Franziska , Buhmann Matthias T. , West Jonathan , Skipp Paul J. , van der Mei Henny C. , Ren Qun , Schreiber Frank , Webb Jeremy S. , Ahrens Christian H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosaMPAO1 is the parental strain of the widely utilized transposon mutant collection for this important clinical pathogen. Here, we validate a model system to identify genes involved in biofilm growth and biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance. Our model employs a genomics-driven workflow to assemble the complete MPAO1 genome, identify unique and conserved genes by comparative genomics with the PAO1 reference strain and genes missed within existing assemblies by proteogenomics. Among over 200 unique MPAO1 genes, we identified six general essential genes that were overlooked when mapping public Tn-seq data sets against PAO1, including an antitoxin. Genomic data were integrated with phenotypic data from an experimental workflow using a user-friendly, soft lithography-based microfluidic flow chamber for biofilm growth and a screen with the Tn-mutant library in microtiter plates. The screen identified hitherto unknown genes involved in biofilm growth and antibiotic resistance. Experiments conducted with the flow chamber across three laboratories delivered reproducible data onP. aeruginosabiofilms and validated the function of both known genes and genes identified in the Tn-mutant screens. Differential protein abundance data from planktonic cells versus biofilm confirmed the upregulation of candidates known to affect biofilm formation, of structural and secreted proteins of type VI secretion systems, and provided proteogenomic evidence for some missed MPAO1 genes. This integrated, broadly applicable model promises to improve the mechanistic understanding of biofilm formation, antimicrobial tolerance, and resistance evolution in biofilms.
Strong oral plaque microbiome signatures for dental implant diseases identified by strain-resolution metagenomics
Authors: Ghensi Paolo , Manghi Paolo , Zolfo Moreno , Armanini Federica , Pasolli Edoardo , Bolzan Mattia , Bertelle Alberto , Dell’Acqua Federico , Dellasega Ester , Waldner Romina , Tessarolo Francesco , Tomasi Cristiano , Segata Nicola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDental implants are installed in an increasing number of patients. Mucositis and peri-implantitis are common microbial–biofilm-associated diseases affecting the tissues that surround the dental implant and are a major medical and socioeconomic burden. By metagenomic sequencing of the plaque microbiome in different peri-implant health and disease conditions (113 samples from 72 individuals), we found microbial signatures for peri-implantitis and mucositis and defined the peri-implantitis-related complex (PiRC) composed by the 7 most discriminative bacteria. The peri-implantitis microbiome is site specific as contralateral healthy sites resembled more the microbiome of healthy implants, while mucositis was specifically enriched for Fusobacterium nucleatum acting as a keystone colonizer. Microbiome-based machine learning showed high diagnostic and prognostic power for peri-implant diseases and strain-level profiling identified a previously uncharacterized subspecies of F. nucleatum to be particularly associated with disease. Altogether, we associated the plaque microbiome with peri-implant diseases and identified microbial signatures of disease severity.
Oncogenic action of the exosome cofactor RBM7 by stabilization of CDK1 mRNA in breast cancer
Authors: Xi Pei-Wen , Zhang Xu , Zhu Lei , Dai Xin-Yuan , Cheng Lin , Hu Yue , Shi Liang , Wei Ji-Fu , Ding Qiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRNA exosome can target the specific RNAs for their processing/degradation by distinct exosome cofactors. As a key component in exosome cofactors, RNA binding motif protein 7 (RBM7) shows the binding specificity for uridine-rich sequences in mRNAs via its RNA recognition motifs. However, the specific function of RBM7 in human breast cancer remains unclear. In vitro, experiments revealed that knockdown of RBM7 dramatically inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, while inducing G1 cell cycle arrest; the opposite was true when RBM7 was overexpressed. Meanwhile, experiments in vivo confirmed the oncogenic function of RBM7 in breast cancer. RNA sequencing and the following pathway analysis found that cyclin-dependent kinase1 (CDK1) was one of the main gene regulated by RBM7. Overexpression of RBM7 increased CDK1 expression, while RBM7 knockdown decreased it. RIP assays additionally found that RBM7 bound directly to CDK1 mRNA. It was also showed that RBM7 could directly bind to the AU-rich elements (AREs) in 3′-UTR of CDK1 mRNA, which contributed to the stability of CDK1 mRNA by lengthening its half-life. More importantly, the oncogenic activity reduced by knockdown of RBM7 could be rescued by overexpression of CDK1 both in vitro and in vivo, but mutant CDK1 failed. All the evidences implied RBM7 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation by stabilizing CDK1 mRNA via binding to AREs in its 3′-UTR. As we knew, it was the first attempt to connect the RNA exosome to the tumor development, providing new insights into the mechanisms of RNA exosome-linked diseases.
Molecular landscape and efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy in patients with HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Yi Zongbi , Rong Guohua , Guan Yanfang , Li Jin , Chang Lianpeng , Li Hui , Liu Binliang , Wang Wenna , Guan Xiuwen , Ouyang Quchang , Li Lixi , Zhai Jingtong , Li Chunxiao , Li Lifeng , Xia Xuefeng , Yang Ling , Qian Haili , Yi Xin , Xu Binghe , Ma Fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression or gene amplification is an important predictive biomarker for identifying patients with breast cancer, who may benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. However, little is known about the molecular landscape and efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy in patients with HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer. We analysed the HER2 mutation features of 1184 patients with invasive breast cancer. In addition, a single-arm, prospective, phase-II study (NCT03412383) of pyrotinib was conducted in patient with metastatic HER2 amplification-negative, mutation-positive breast cancer. Peripheral blood was collected from each patient and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) sequencing was performed using a 1021 gene panel. HER2 mutations were detected in 8.9% (105/1184) of patients. The HER2 amplification-positive patients had a higher mutation frequency than the HER2 amplification-negative patients (19.5% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that patients with HER2 mutations had a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than HER2 wild-type patients (median PFS 4.7 months vs. 11.0 months, hazard ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval 1.25–5.65, P = 0.011). Ten HER2 amplification-negative, mutation-positive patients who received pyrotinib monotherapy were ultimately included in the efficacy analysis. The median PFS was 4.9 months. The objective response rate (complete response + partial response) was 40.0% and the clinical benefit rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease over 24 weeks) was 60%. In conclusion, a HER2 gene mutation analysis is potentially useful to identify biomarkers of trastuzumab resistance in HER2 amplification-positive patients. Patients with HER2-mutated, non-amplified metastatic breast cancers may benefit from pyrotinib.
Neutrophil extracellular traps promote scar formation in post-epidural fibrosis
Authors: Jin Zhen , Sun Jinpeng , Song Zeyuan , Chen Kun , Nicolas Yap San Min , KC Rupesh , Ma Qiyun , Liu Jun , Zhang Mingshun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLow back pain following spine surgery is a major complication due to excessive epidural fibrosis, which compresses the lumbar nerve. The mechanisms of epidural fibrosis remain largely elusive. In the drainage samples from patients after spine operation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and NETs inducer high-mobility group box 1 were significantly increased. In a mouse model of laminectomy, NETs developed in the wound area post epidural operation, accompanied with macrophage infiltration. In vitro, macrophages ingested NETs and thereby increased the elastase from NETs via the receptor for advanced glycation end product. Moreover, NETs boosted the expression of fibronectin in macrophages, which was dependent on elastase and could be partially blocked by DNase. NF-κB p65 and Smad pathways contributed to the increased expression fibronectin in NETs-treated macrophages. In the mouse spine operation model, post-epidural fibrosis was significantly mitigated with the administration of DNase I, which degraded DNA and cleaved NETs. Our study shed light on the roles and mechanisms of NETs in the scar formation post spine operation.