bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards work-hardenability of Ti-6Al-4V through a quenching and partitioning approach
Authors: Dumas O. , Hary B. , Martin G. , Sun F. , de Formanoir C. , Prima F. , Godet S. 
Published: October 2020

In this work, the work-hardening ability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated using a quenching and partitioning strategy on dual-phase Ti-6Al-4V samples. As recently reported [1], it is known that a sub-transus thermal treatment followed by water quenching are able to generate a dual phaseα + α’ microstructure with a remarkable work-hardening coupled with an interesting balance between strength and ductility. Based on this statement, several heat treatments at various subtransus temperatures were performed on as-forged Ti-6Al-4V. In such a way, the respective volume fraction of each phase along with the size and the distance to the equilibrium composition of the quenched martensite are taken as microstructural variables to decompose the work hardenability of dual-phase Ti-6Al-4V alloys into respective contributions. Then, annealing of the metastable α + α’ microstructure was performed to trigger the α’ martensite decomposition, involving a partitioning of the alloying elements. The present investigation was carried out on wrought material.
The quenching and partitioning parameters led to a wide range of mechanical properties and associated work-hardening behaviour. The as-quenched and further annealed microstructures were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The resulting mechanical properties were discussed and compared to those of as-forged material.
Soft tissue surgery as an initial treatment for hip displacement in spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Angelo da Silva Luiz Antônio , Fucs Patricia Maria de Moraes Barros 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To use the measurement of migration percentage (MP) to evaluate the long-term radiographic results of soft tissue surgery as the first treatment for hip displacement in spastic bilateral cerebral palsy. A secondary objective was to identify predictive factors of stability (i.e., less than 30% of MP in the long term), after surgical correction. Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study, we reviewed the electronic medical records and radiographs of all consecutive patients with cerebral palsy operated for the correction of hip displacement between 1984 and 2013 in a referral orthopedic public hospital in Brazil. Patients were included if they had received, as the first surgical procedure, soft-tissue release. All surgeries were bilateral and symmetrical. We used the available radiographs to evaluate the migration percentage (MP), acetabular index (AI), pelvic obliquity (PO) angle, head-shaft angle (HSA), congruence and femoral head sphericity, and function using the GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System). Results: we included 93 patients, all operated before being 12 years old, with follow-up of 10 years in average, 73 (78%) of them with good results (MP < 30%). We found association between preoperative MP ≤ 40%, AI ≤ 25°, and postoperative symmetry with good results, with a cut-off value of 38% of MP and 27° of acetabular index being predictive. Discussion: The role of soft tissue releases remains controversial owing to small sample sizes, heterogeneity, variety range of ages, definitions used for outcome, and lack of statistical quality. Our results were better in combined tenotomies, in diparetic patients aged more than six years, and in patients with lower initial values of MP and AI. Radiographic variables had good correlation with each other and association with results, with cut-off values for MP and AI PRE.
Subtypes of Clinical High Risk for Psychosis that Predict Antipsychotic Effectiveness in Long-Term Remission
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Wang JunJie , Xu LiHua , Wei YanYan , Tang XiaoChen , Hu YeGang , Cui HuiRu , Tang YingYing , Hui Li , Li ChunBo , Wang JiJun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction In a previous report, we used canonical correlation analysis to classify individuals with clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis into the 3 subtypes: subtype-1, characterized by extensive negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, appeared to have the highest risk for conversion to psychosis; subtype-2, characterized by thought and behavioral disorganization, with moderate cognitive impairment; subtype-3, characterized by the mildest symptoms and cognitive deficits. The present study attempted to identify these subtypes’ response to antipsychotic (AP) treatment.
Methods A total of 289 individuals with CHR were identified and followed up for 2 years. Individuals with CHR were classified by subtype. Use of APs was examined at 2-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up interviews that inquired after the subjects’ medication history since the first visit. The main outcome was remission, determined according to global assessment of function (GAF) score (i. e., functional outcome) and SIPS positive symptom score (symptomatic outcome) at the follow-up points.
Results Among the 289 individuals with CHR included in the current analysis, 223 (77.2%) were treated using APs for at least 2 weeks during the follow-up period. Individuals with CHR tended to show significant improvement in both symptoms and function after 2 years, but subtypes exhibited significantly different trajectories. Subtype status can predict AP treatment outcome in terms of remission. The likelihood of remission differed significantly among the subtype groups. The remission rates for individuals with subtypes 1–3 treated using AP were 13.5%, 36.1%, and 67.0%, respectively.
Discussion These subtypes may be of clinical value in AP treatment decision-making in the CHR population.
ANIPE-Cu Catalyst Enables Highly Enantioselective Markovnikov Hydroboration of α-Olefins
Authors: Shi Shi-Liang , Cai Yuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAsymmetric hydroboration of simple and unactivated terminal alkenes (α-olefins), feedstock chemicals derived from the petrochemical industry, has not been efficiently realized for past decades. Using a bulky ANIPE ligand, we achieved a rare example of highly enantioselective copper-catalyzed Markovnikov hydroboration of α-olefins. The chiral secondary alkylboronic ester products were obtained in moderate to good yields and regioselectivities with excellent enantioselectivities.1	Introduction2	Conditions Optimization3	Substrate Scope4	Application5	Mechanistic Discussion6	Conclusions and Future Directions
CuBr-Catalyzed One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Novel 2-(Carbazolyl)benzothiazoles
Authors: Meesala Ramu , Lee Yean Kee , Arshad Ahmad Saifuddin Mohamad , Abdullah Iskandar , Mordi Mohd Nizam , Abd Rahman Noorsaadah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA facile synthesis of various 2-(carbazolyl)benzothiazoles has been developed by one-pot CuBr-catalyzed three-component reactions of 2-iodoanilines, arylaldehydes, and elemental sulfur. Unlike traditional approach, this reaction exhibited a good functional group tolerance to produce the corresponding 2-(carbazolyl)benzothiazoles in good yields in the absence of any additive.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoxazol-5-ones and Isoxazolidin-5-ones
Authors: Brière Jean-François , Waser Mario , Massa Antonio , Macchia Antonio , Eitzinger Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIsoxazol-5-ones and isoxazolidin-5-ones represent two important classes of heterocycles, with several applications as bioactive compounds and as versatile building blocks for further transformations. Unlike the parent aromatic isoxazoles, the presence of one or two stereocenters in the ring renders their asymmetric construction particularly important. In this review, starting from the description of general features and differences between these two related compound families, we present an overview on the most important enantioselective synthesis strategies to access these heterocycles. Both chiral metal catalysts and organocatalysts have recently been successfully employed for this task and some of the most promising approaches will be discussed.1	Introduction2	Isoxazol-5-ones as Nucleophiles2.1	Isoxazol-5-ones as C-Nucleophiles2.2	Isoxazol-5-ones as N-Nucleophiles2.3	Isoxazol-5-ones as C-Nucleophiles in Cyclization Processes3	Asymmetric Construction of Isoxazolidin-5-ones3.1	Enantioselective α-Functionalizations of Isoxazolidin-5-ones4	Arylideneisoxazol-5-ones in Conjugated Addition5	Conclusions
Visible-Light-Driven Z-Selective Reaction of Methyl Ketones with DMSO: A Mild Synthetic Approach to Methylthio-Substituted 1,4-Enedione Promoted by Selectfluor™
Authors: Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K. , Rastogi Gaurav K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere we disclose a simple, visible-light-driven Z-selective synthesis of methylthio-substituted 1,4-enedione in a single step promoted by Selectfluor. Dimethyl sulfoxide is used as both the ‘thio’ source and the solvent. Molecular iodine and potassium persulfate are used as catalyst and oxidant, respectively. White light (CFL-30W) is used as the light source. The proposed mechanism involves a Kornblum reaction followed by aldol reaction.
The Physics of Radiation Dosimetry
Authors: Meli Jerome A. 
Published: October 2020

The Physics of Radiation Dosimetry presents the fundamentals of radiation dosimetry through a logical sequencing of topics. This comprehensive treatment lays out basic concepts for the novice, then uses that foundation to introduce topics that all students will need to know—such as charged particle/matter interactions and photon/matter interactions.
This book offers:A solid, physics-based explanation of the topics presentedChapters containing sets of problems for studentsEasy to follow introductory radiation physicsIn-depth discussions and derivations
The Physics of Radiation Dosimetry is ideal for graduate level students in medical physics and is an invaluable resource for medical physics residents and practitioners.
The “technological turn” in translation studies
Authors: Jiménez-Crespo Miguel A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor over two decades, Translation Studies (TS) scholars have argued that the discipline is going through a ‘technological turn’. This paper critically questions whether TS has already completed this “paradigmatic” or “disciplinary turn,” “a clearly visible and striking” change of direction that can “perhaps even [amount] to a redefinition of the subject concerned” (Snell-Hornby 2010, 366). After a revision of the notion of ‘turn’ in TS, it will be argued that the ‘technological’ one has been completed and it can, in fact, be assessed “after it is already complete” (ibid). It will be shown how the emergence and consolidation of this turn were “driven not by theoretical developments in cognate areas of inquiry,” but are an “emergent property from new forms of translation practice” (Cronin 2010, 1). As a consequence, it has permeated TS across its different subdisciplines, both in their theoretical apparatus and/or in their research methodologies. In this examination, the picture that emerges is that translation, across TS, has in fact been redefined in one way or another as an instance of “human-computer interaction,” even in contexts such as literary translation.
To what extent can source-based olfactory verbs be classified as copulas?
Authors: Staniewski Przemysław , Gołębiowski Adam 
Published: October 2020

In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the semantics and syntax of perception verbs in various languages. This has led to establishing a widely accepted classification in activity, experiencer- and source-based verbs – also labelled copulative. This chapter deals with the latter category in the olfactory domain in German and Polish. It provides a general theoretical discussion of the copulas, the perception verbs and their interfaces. Further, it focuses on the main four construction types in which the source-based olfactory verbs can occur in order to determine, based on their contextual embedding, if they qualify as copulas. Ultimately, the influence of regarding the source-based verbs as (non-)copulas for the description of the olfactory perception is pointed out.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalizations and Readmissions for Opioid Dependence and Overdose: Nationally Representative Data
Authors: Grzebinski Sarah , Stein Laura , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: October 2020

Background Despite the increasing rates of morbidity, mortality, and costs from the opioid addiction crisis, there is a paucity of literature on nationwide patterns of opioid abuse and dependence admissions and readmissions. We sought to investigate common comorbidities, readmission rates, and variables associated with readmission following index admission for opioid overdose or dependence. Methods The 2013 Nationwide Readmission Database is a national database including data on more than 14 million US admissions. We used International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify index opioid abuse or dependence admissions, readmissions, and medical co-morbidities. We summarized all-cause readmission rates and reasons for readmission following index opioid dependence or overdose admission. We performed multivariable logistic regression, testing the association between characteristics of index admission and readmission. Results 64,426 individuals were admitted for drug overdose or dependence during 2013. Of those, 30.1% were readmitted for all causes within one year and 8.7% were readmitted for opioid overdose or dependence within that year. The most common primary diagnoses on the readmission record were infection, kidney failure, drug related admission, and psychiatric admission. Predictors of readmission were smoking, male sex, younger age, alcohol, bipolar disorder, non-opioid drug use, admission to teaching hospitals in metropolitan areas, and discharge against medical advice. Conclusion There is a high all-cause readmission rate following index admission for opioid overdose or dependence and a greater likelihood of readmission among young males with psychiatric comorbidities in metropolitan areas. Targeted interventions to address psychiatric comorbidities and transitions of care may be needed for the high-risk opioid dependence and overdose population.
Quantifying Auger recombination coefficients in type-I mid-infrared InGaAsSb quantum well lasers
Authors: Eales Timothy D , Marko Igor P , Adams Alfred R , Meyer Jerry R , Vurgaftman Igor , Sweeney Stephen J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
From a systematic study of the threshold current density as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure, in conjunction with theoretical analysis of the gain and threshold carrier density, we have determined the wavelength dependence of the Auger recombination coefficients in InGaAsSb/GaSb quantum well lasers emitting in the 1.7–3.2 µm wavelength range. From hydrostatic pressure measurements, the non-radiative component of threshold currents for individual lasers was determined continuously as a function of wavelength. The results are analysed to determine the Auger coefficients quantitatively. This procedure involves calculating the threshold carrier density based on device properties, optical losses, and estimated Auger contribution to the total threshold current density. We observe a minimum in the Auger rate around 2.1 µm. A strong increase with decreasing mid-infrared wavelength (<2 µm) indicates the prominent role of intervalence Auger transitions to the split-off hole band (CHSH process). Above 2 µm, the increase with wavelength is approximately exponential due to CHCC or CHLH Auger recombination, limiting long wavelength operation. The observed dependence is consistent with that derived by analysing literature values of lasing thresholds for type-I InGaAsSb quantum well diodes. Over the wavelength range considered, the Auger coefficient varies from a minimum of

≲

1 × 10−16cm 4 s−1 at 2.1 µm to ∼8 × 10−16cm4 s−1 at 3.2 µm.
Role of heterogeneous inactive component distribution induced by drying process on the mechanical integrity of composite electrode during electrochemical operation
Authors: Zhu Zuoquan , He Yaolong , Hu Hongjiu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The drying rate would significantly affect the quality of the composite electrode after solidification. In order to clarify the underlying effect mechanism of ingredient heterogeneity in the electrode caused by the drying process on the mechanical integrity of lithium secondary batteries in service, an integrated analysis approach is developed to determine the mechanical properties and lithium diffusion-induced stress of the composite electrode with gradient distributed binder and conductive agent. A faster solidification is found to broaden the inhomogeneous extent of inactive components in the electrode coating across its thickness, markedly. As a result, it will not only enlarge the tensile stress in the brittle electrode upon electrochemical operation due to the increased effective modulus of composite near the surface, but will also impair the interfacial strength between the active layer and current collector. Moreover, a two-stage drying protocol (initially fast, followed by slow evaporation of solvent) is found to be greatly beneficial to boosting the resistance to cohesion failure and surface damage of the composite electrode, and the optimized processing parameters are proposed to obtain a robust production with high efficiency.
Experimentally determined and Monte Carlo–calculated energy dependence of NaCl pellets read by optically stimulated luminescence for photon beams in the energy range 30 keV to 1.25 MeV
Authors: Waldner Lovisa , Rääf Christopher , Hinrichsen Yvonne , Herrnsdorf Lars , Bernhardsson Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ordinary salt, NaCl, has many properties suitable for dosimetry and has been suggested for both retrospective and prospective optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry. Lately, the focus has been on NaCl that is compressed into solid pellets, as this improves both its handling and dosimetric properties. In this project, the energy dependence of NaCl pellets produced in-house was investigated for photon energies between 30 and 1.25 MeV. The NaCl pellets were first exposed to free-in-air conditions, and the estimated absorbed dose to the NaCl pellets was compared to the air kerma, K
air, at the point of exposure. Second, a backscatter medium of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was added, and NaCl pellets were exposed when positioned on a ISO slab phantom to relate the response in the NaCl to the personal dose equivalent, H
p(10). The results show a significant energy dependence for exposure to low-energy photons with a peak over-response compared to K
air and H
p(10) of up to 18. Comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations show good agreement, even though the simulations cannot account for properties related to the intrinsic luminescence effects of the NaCl pellets or the readout and calibration process. The finite thickness of the NaCl pellet makes it an imperfect Bragg-Grey cavity, which complicates the behaviour of the energy dependence. The results presented here may serve as an important basis for further experimental and theoretical modelling of a build-up layer and filters in efforts to develop a passive personal dosemeter based on NaCl.
T-history method: the importance of the cooling chamber to evaluate the thermal properties of Glauber’s salt-based phase change materials
Authors: De Paola Maria Gabriela , Lopresto Catia Giovanna , Arcuri Natale , Calabrò Vincenza 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are very interesting latent heat storage systems used for various thermal energy storage applications, such as in energy-conserving buildings. Both organic compounds (such as paraffins) and inorganic compounds (such as hydrated salts) were tested in this field. Since they are often heterogeneous materials because of additives, the study of their thermal properties is now addressed from the conventional calorimetry to new methods based on more significant samples to better describe the heterogeneous structure, such as the T-history method. It requires a simple and inexpensive unit, but this equipment is not commercially available and must be set up in a laboratory. Consequently, this method does not have a standard configuration and it is continuously improving. One of the critical units of the T-history-based equipment is the cooling chamber and its operating conditions, whose choice influences the results. In this work, three different cooling chambers were used in the analysis of the thermal properties of hexadecane and Glauber’s salt-based PCMs in order to verify the reliability and reproducibility of each system.
Electronic origin of grain boundary segregation of Al, Si, P, and S in bcc-Fe: combined analysis of ab initio local energy and crystal orbital Hamilton population
Authors: Ito Kazuma , Sawada Hideaki , Tanaka Shingo , Ogata Shigenobu , Kohyama Masanori 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In steel, P and S cause serious grain boundary (GB) embrittlement, which is associated with high segregation energies. To investigate the origins of such high segregation energies of P and S, we applied the combination of ab initio local energy analysis and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population (COHP) analysis for the GB segregation of Al, Si, P, and S in bcc-Fe, which can provide local energetic and bonding views of segregation behavior of each solute, associated with the replacement between solute–Fe and Fe–Fe bonding at GB and bulk sites. The local energy analysis revealed that GB segregation of such solutes is mainly caused by the difference between local energy changes of Fe atoms adjacent to a solute atom in the GB and bulk sites, and that the local energy change of each Fe atom depends on the solute–Fe interatomic distance with a unique functional form for each solute species. The COHP analysis showed that such distance dependency of the Fe-atom local energy change is caused by that of solute–Fe bonding interactions, relative to the Fe–Fe ones, governed by the valence atomic-orbital characters of each solute species. P and S have smaller extents of atomic orbitals and larger numbers of valence electrons; thus, they greatly lower the local energies of Fe atoms at interatomic distances shorter than the bulk first-neighbor one, and they greatly increase those of Fe atoms at longer interatomic distances around the bulk second-neighbor one. Thus, high segregation energies of P and S occur at GB sites with short first-neighbor distances and reduced coordination numbers within the bulk second-neighbor distance. The GB embrittlement by P and S was also discussed by this local-bonding viewpoint. The combination of local energy and COHP analyses can provide novel insights into the behavior of solute elements in various materials.
Stabilization of DNA by sodium and magnesium ions during the synthesis of DNA-bridged gold nanoparticles
Authors: Sokolov Petr A , Ramazanov Ruslan R , Rolich Valeriy I , Popova Maria A , Shalygin Vyacheslav E , Kasyanenko Nina A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nanostructures synthesized using DNA-conjugated gold nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in the field of biosensorics. The stability of the DNA duplex plays a critical role as it determines the final geometry of these nanostructures. The main way to control DNA stability is to maintain a high ionic strength of the buffer solution; at the same time, high salt concentrations lead to an aggregation of nanoparticles. In this study, by means of the instrumentality of DNA-bridged seeds using tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as a soft reducing agent the dumbbell-like gold nanoparticles up to 35 nm were synthesized with a high concentration of sodium ions of up to 100 mM and magnesium ions up to 1 mM. We also examined at the atomic level the details of the effect of the gold nanoparticle surface, as well as Na+ and Mg2+ ions, on the stability of nucleotide pairs located in close proximity to the grafting site.