bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle risk Factors for early versus late onset dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Berselli N , Adani G , Filippini T , Vinceti M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Dementia is a widely prevalent and growing condition, affecting nearly 10% of people aged 60 years and older. It is a leading cause of disability entailing important economic and social costs for the population, so much so that it has been defined as a “global public health priority' from WHO in 2016. Dementia can be divided into two forms according to age of onset of the first symptoms: Early Onset Dementia (EOD - &lt; 65 years) and Late Onset Dementia (LOD, ≥ 65 years). The differences between the two forms, and if they could be considered as separate diseases, are still not well understood. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine if environmental-lifestyle risk factors of dementia may differ between EOD and LOD.

Methods
Literature databases were searched to June 2020, to retrieve studies assessing the impact of modifiable factors in patients who had developed the first symptoms of dementia before (for EOD) or after (for LOD) 65 years. Data were then meta-analysed in order to understand the overall impact of the single factors on EOD and LOD separately.

Results
The results show different effects for some risk factors as alcohol consumption (OR 2.8, 95%CI: 2.2-3.4 for EOD and OR 1.2, 95%CI: 0.9-1.5 for LOD) and brain injuries (OR 1.4, 95%CI: 1.2-1.6 for EOD, and OR 1, 95%CI: 0.6-1.4 for LOD), which appear to have more impact on EOD compared with LOD. No association with smoking for both forms of dementia emerged. The other factors considered, such as low educational attainment, socio-economic status, closeness of magnetic field, appear to have similar impact on the two forms of dementia.

Conclusions
These results suggest that there may be a difference, in terms of modifiable risk factors, between the two forms of dementia, even if more research is needed on this issue.

Key messages
There may be different risk factors determining EOD versus LOD onset. By modifying some environmental and lifestyle factors we could delay or prevent the onset of dementia.
Working towards evidence-informed policy: Public health report Stockholm
Authors: Bartelink V , Yacaman Mendez D , Lager A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
Public health problems and interventions are often addressed in sub-optimal ways by not prioritizing them based on the best available evidence.

Description of the Problem
The public health report 2019 for the Stockholm region aims to inform decision makers, politicians, and public health workers about the risk factors and diseases that account for the biggest part of the burden of disease with a clear focus on high quality evidence and communication of main messages. How did the public health report 2019 affect public health policy in the Stockholm region?

Results
The public health report 2019 influenced agenda setting, resource allocation and priority setting in the Stockholm region.

Lessons
We identified the following facilitating factors in the process, of which most also are supported in scientific literature, in chronological order: 1) understanding the policymaking context to be aware of windows of opportunity, 2) establishing relationships with relevant policymakers, engage with them routinely in the decision-making process, and being accessible for questions, 3) doing high-quality research by considering the latest scientific literature, multiple data sources and involving academic experts in the field, 4) communicating clear and relevant messages for generalists by translating research into easy-understandable texts and attractive figures, and 5) active dissemination of the report through multiple channels. In addition, the following barriers were identified: 1) the timeframe of the policymaking process was not in line with the research process, and 2) involving politicians in an early stage can potentially harm the objectivity of research in media messages.

Key messages
By focussing on major problems, high quality evidence and clear messages a public health report can contribute to more evidence-informed policy making. Engaging decision makers in the process of public health reporting is critical for the impact on agenda setting, resource allocation, and priority setting.
Managing occupational stress: should we consider the sociodemographic groups of health workers?
Authors: Dudutienė D , Juodaitė-Račkauskienė A , Stukas R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
An essential part of occupational stress management is identifying target groups and developing a wellbeing program that tailors organisational interventions to the specific needs of the target groups. The study aimed to explore whether psychosocial risk determinants and organisational intervention objects differ across employees' groups based on sociodemographic factors in a public healthcare institution.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional study design, paper questionnaires were delivered to all health workers (n = 690) of the Lithuanian primary healthcare institution; the response rate 68%. The questionnaire contained items related to sociodemographic groups (gender, age, job seniority, education, occupational status), 14 psychosocial risk determinants, and 10 organisational intervention objects. Nonparametric tests for comparisons of the groups were used.

Results
The results showed that differences by gender were not statistically significant except for one organisational intervention object. Only 3 organisational intervention objects had mean rank scores differing statistically across age and job seniority groups; 5 objects - across education groups and almost all objects - across occupational groups. Regarding psychosocial risk determinants, one determinant had mean rank scores differing statistically across age and job seniority groups; 4 and 6 determinants - across education and occupational groups respectively. Statistical significance was considered with p-value &lt; 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.

Conclusions
The findings showed that different psychosocial risk determinants and organisational intervention objects were emphasized by different sociodemographic groups of health workers in the institution, but they did not impact groups in the same measure. Therefore, it is crucial to start by determining the risk group's specific needs before developing and implementing stress management programs.

Key messages
The study contributes to bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical solutions in occupational stress management at public primary healthcare settings. The study has proposed a way of diagnosing psychosocial risks and of tailoring interventions to all health workers of the public primary healthcare institution by using a simple and robust tool.
The virus and its images - Metaphorical genealogy of the risk society
Authors: Luz L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The research has the challenge of building a genealogy of the images produced within the risk society and establishing a relationship between the concept of risk and the imaginary. As a theoretical framework, we will have Gilbert Durand's theory unrolled in the Anthropological Structures of the Imaginary. As a corpus of analysis, we will make a case study regarding visual representations of the risks, specifically, of diseases caused by viruses such as HIV, SARS, H1N1, Ebola and Coronavirus. In the study the concept of risk will be analyzed in a broad way, from a philosophical, communicational and anthropological reasoning of the term, to an instrumental conceptualization for the field of Risk Communication. For that, we will analyze constellations of images that metaphorically represent the risks and their effects. One of these effects are narratives and practices produced by the risk society that least caution about hazards, and that, however, act in the production of chronic, stigmatized and punitive subjectivities, as Vaz (2019) predicts. One of the strategies is to consider the metaphor not only as an ornament or as something that moves the sense from one place to another. The metaphor will be observed as a producer of truths. The concept of risk is thus perceived by theorists such as Beck, Giddens and Douglas as a form of normalization that became a kind of microphysics that acts in all areas of everyday life. This contemporary form of normalization is significant in the process of oppression and identification where the relationship and life management change significantly.

Key messages
To make a scientific conceptualization for an ethic of the Communication of Risk in the contemporaneity having as a foundation the imaginary produced by the visual metaphors that describe the viruses. This study has as a challenge to know the relationships between the concept of risk and imaginary that can collaborate in the development of prevention practices in the field of Communication.
Evaluation of attitudes toward cancer and related factors in adults
Authors: Öcal E E , Ünsal A , Işıktekin Atalay B , Demirtaş Z , Arslantaş D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Evaluation of individuals' attitudes towards cancer could be instructive in improving the health promoting behaviour of populations such as cancer screening and increasing awareness of cancer. The aim of the study was evaluate attitudes toward cancer and related factors in adults who applied to primary healthcare center.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 776 people aged 18 and over who applied to primary healthcare center in 2018. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, Questionnaire for Measuring Attitudes Toward Cancer and Health Literacy Scale-European Union-Q16 (HLS-EU-Q16). Questionnaire for Measuring Attitudes Toward Cancer consists of 3 sub-dimensions and the mean score of 2.5 and above was accepted as a negative attitude. Evaluation of the data Chi-square test, multiple logistic regression and Spearman correlation analysis were used.

Results
The ages of study group ranged 18-87 and the mean was 42.0±15.4, and 52.3% were female. The frequency of negative attitudes in the study group was 14.4% for general attitudes toward cancer, 22.9% for cancer diagnosis detection/spreading sub-dimension, 24.5% impossibility of recovery/stigmatization sub-dimension, 13.4% for discrimination sub-dimension. The multiple logistic regression showed, having primary and below education levels (OR: 1.88; CI: 1.22-2.87) and having cancer diagnosis (OR: 1.88; CI: 1.10-3.19) were found as risk factors for negative attitudes toward cancer. A weak negative correlation was found between the mean scores of Questionnaire for Measuring Attitudes Toward Cancer and the scores of HLS-EU-Q16 (r:-0.189; p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Although the majority of individuals have a positive attitude in the study, due to the negative attitude in sub-dimensions, it was concluded that health education should be given and more extensive research need to be done in this area in order to increase the awareness and sensitivity of the community about cancer.

Key messages
It might be considered important the education level in showing positive attitude towards cancer. Improving health literacy could be beneficial in increasing the positive attitude towards cancer.
Strategies to empower socially vulnerable adolescents in Brazil
Authors: Alves Sarmento Soares R , Pinto de Figueiredo R , Barbosa e Melo V L , Gonçalves Rocha D , Ribeiro da Silva A , Leônidas Soares J , Sousa M F , Machado Mendonça A V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Brazil has the highest number of adolescents murdered in the world. An alarming number of these are black boys from deprived backgrounds living in the outskirts of big cities. At schools, teachers play an important role in promoting health. Thus, the University of Brasília through its Public Health Research Group has developed the training course “Strategies to empower socially vulnerable adolescents” (JAVU in Portuguese) aimed primarily at state school teachers from municipalities where social vulnerability among teenagers is either high or very high.
It is a 180-hour, 10-module distance learning course with tutor supervision which aims at contributing to the development of an inclusive and emancipating culture which is non-discriminatory, diversified and which promotes peace in school settings. Its innovative aspect is the use of the platform JAVU Topography, a catalogue of policies, programmes and services aimed at public health and education at municipal, state and federal level. By the end of the course teachers create a diagnosis that measures the extent to which these different policies or services can be applied in different educational settings to promote health.
From November 2019 to March 2020, 2953 teachers underwent training. The majority were: women (83.6%); pardos (50.2%) - a mixed race/ethnicity in former Portuguese and Spanish colonies; postgraduates (50.6%); catholic (42.6%) and earning between 1 to 3 minimum salaries (49.4%). Having access to the JAVU Topography helped make this tool a platform to spread social protection in Brazil. The theoretical and practical support is one of the main contributions of this course to actions that address health problems among adolescents.
The course formed teachers from 42 of the most vulnerable cities in Brazil, enabling access to a network of protection and allowing for the exchange of experiences through the educational platform, which better equipped these teachers to promote health in the educational setting.

Key messages
Improving the promotion of health among socially vulnerable adolescents in Brazil in their school settings. Raising awareness of networks of social protection though a social topography that aims at empowering socially vulnerable adolescents in Brazil.
Evaluation of teamwork in operating rooms in a Tunisian university hospital
Authors: Lamine H , Ammar O , Mrabet W , Tlili M A , Aouicha W , Taghouti E , Ben rejeb M , Zedini C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Teamwork is fundamental to ensuring the quality of care and patient safety in operating rooms. It has been shown that the occurrence of adverse events is closely linked to a poor quality of teamwork in these settings. Thus, this study aimed to assess teamwork in different operating rooms of the university hospital of Sahloul Sousse (Tunisia).

Methods
It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with convenience sampling, conducted in operating rooms of the university hospital of Sahloul Sousse (Tunisia) between February and April 2018. The measuring instrument was the validated observation grid 'Communication and Teamwork Skills Assessment Tool (CATS) '. Teamwork is assessed through 4 domains (Situation awareness, Coordination, Communication, Cooperation). Behaviors are marked in rows each time they occur and are rated for quality in columns labeled “Observed and Good,” “Variation in Quality” (meaning incomplete or of variable quality), and “Expected but not Observed.”

Results
A total of 51 interventions were observed. Good coordination between the team members was noted, as well as good cooperation within the teams. A variation of quality level of communication with the patient was noted in 31.4% of cases, also communication about the context, the situation and recommendation among caregivers is not quite good with a percentage of 39.2%. Moreover, the work environment was rated as good in 84.3% of cases.

Conclusions
Some failures in teamwork were noted, hence it is important to take corrective measures for better practice and better patient management in such a complex environment, the operating rooms, where there is a strong need for team coordination.

Key messages
There is a direct relationship between the quality of care and the effectiveness of teamwork. It is necessary to eliminate the barriers to communication, in order to prevent adverse events.
A service evaluation of a Hospital In-reach Service for people who are homeless in South England
Authors: Blackwell-Green G , Sargeant C , Paudyal P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Homelessness has increased dramatically in the last decade, with an estimated 165% increase in rough sleeping alone in England since 2010. People experiencing homelessness can often have what is referred to as the tri-morbidity; mental health, substance and or alcohol misuse and physical health problems. Hospital admission presents a potential point of intervention to address the health problems people have been experiencing, to link them in with services and as a bridge to housing. This service evaluation explored the role of a Hospital In-reach Service team for safer hospital discharge.

Methods
A qualitative in-depth interview study was conducted with six participants related to a Hospital In-reach Service team in South England. The interviews were transcribed, and analysed following Burnard's fourteen stage method. The ethical approval was obtained from Brighton and Sussex Medical School Research Governance and Ethics Committee (ER/BSMS4284/2).

Results
Three key themes were identified; the role of the Hospital In-reach Service team, barriers to, and facilitators for advocating patients' needs. The results indicate that the service team works incredibly well, building strong and trusting relationships with patients, community and hospital teams, taking a holistic approach to patient care. However, the structural discrimination against this patient group is reiterated in this study. Despite progress, there are still problems with non-specialist staff understanding this patient group's needs.

Conclusions
There is a need for clarification within Adult Social Care regarding the distribution of responsibility between hospital and community social work teams. There also appears to be a need for expansion of training for non-specialist service staff, including ward staff, discharge teams and social workers. In-reach housing services and expansion of the service team would be invaluable

Key messages
Hospital In-reach Service team in South England works incredibly well taking a holistic approach to patient care. Clarification in role of hospital and community social work teams is required for better management of this issue.
Effect of a health education intervention on intestinal parasitic infections in Bolivian children
Authors: Lastrucci V , Spinicci M , Macchioni F , Gabrielli S , Villagran A L , Gamboa H , Halleux C , Olliaro P , Caldes M J , Bartoloni A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Backgrounds
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) are a major health issue for children of low- and middle-income countries. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices are crucial for preventing IPI. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based health education intervention on handwashing behavior and IPI prevalence in children

Methods
This is a randomized intervention trial in 8 primary schools in rural communities over the course of 3 school years; preliminary results from the first two years of the trial are here presented. Schools were randomly selected and assigned in a 1:1 ratio to intervention or control (no intervention) groups. For each school year, the intervention included 14 school-based educational sessions and 2 skit events, involving children aged 8-12 years. Knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire and handwashing at key events was assessed at the beginning and end of each school year. IPI prevalence was assessed with repeated cross-sectional parasitology surveys 12 months apart, involving a minimum of 50 children for each school

Results
At baseline, no significant differences between intervention and control schools were present in the proportion of children who washed their hands at key events (7.2% vs 9.3%, p = 0.28), in IPI (79.4% vs 75.3%, p = 0.3) and multiple parasitic infections (MPI) prevalences (47.6 vs. 38.6; p = 0.051). At the end of the second year, the percentage of children who washed their hands at key events was significantly higher in the intervention schools (75.4% vs 12.1%, p &lt; 0.001), and the prevalence of IPI and MPI in the intervention schools were respectively about 25% and 15% lower than in the control schools (respectively, 42.9% vs 67.8%, p &lt; 0.001; 16.1% vs 31.6%, p &lt; 0.001)

Conclusions
A school-based health education intervention could achieve significant changes in hand-washing behaviors and reduction in the prevalence of IPI in children. The third year survey results are needed to confirm these findings

Key messages
An health education intervention on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices can reduce the risk of IPI infection in children. An health education intervention on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices could be configured as a sustainable long-term approach to intestinal parasitic infections control in children.
Sliding doors: how their opening affects particulate matter levels?
Authors: Della Camera A , Spataro G , Cevenini G , Nante N , De Marco F M , Messina G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The operating theatres (OTs) have adequate conditions to perform safe operations and to prevent surgical site infections. Opening doors can compromise these situations. Measurement of particulate contamination is a key point to check the effectiveness of preventive measures in the OTs. We analysed how openings impact in different type of OTs.

Methods
Between January/February 2020 a transversal study was conducted in 5 different types of OTs in a university hospital. Two had laminar flows, with 55 and 60 air changes/h; three had turbulent flows: OT-A (18 air changes/h, with 4 inlets from the ceiling), OT-B (23 air changes/h and air flow from the ceiling plenum), OT-C (16 air changes/h, air flow directed from one wall to the opposite wall and the main door laterally to the flow). Particulate matter (PM) measurements were carried out in 7 different points in each OT, alternating two conditions: a) doors closed; b) opening/closing the main door twice per minute. For each spot, in each condition, we recorded for several minutes the following parameters: particles (0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10µ), room temperature (Ta), Relative Humidity (Rh), airspeed (Va). Comparison with the Wilcoxon test were made using STATA 14.

Results
In laminar flow, classified with better ISO levels (4), opening and closing the door the PM, for any size, increased not significantly (p &gt; 0.05). The OTs with turbulent flows (ISO 5-6) had a higher particulate level than the laminar ones and greater variations with door openings. OT-A worsened significantly for all particles (p &lt; 0.05) closing/opening the door. In contrast, OT-B and OT-C had a significant reduction of PM (p &lt; 0.05). All 5 OTs had pressure falling to 0 at door opening; Ta, Rh and Va may be affected by different type air flows and design.

Conclusions
OTs parameters during door openings are influenced by different ventilation systems and room design. Laminar flows OTs are less affected, but innovative turbulent flows OTs can be just as effective.

Key messages
The operating rooms are affected by the door opening. Laminar flows operating rooms are less influenced by door openings than turbulent flows ones. Turbulent flow rooms have different performance depending on their construction characteristics.