bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resuscitation fluid types in sepsis, surgical, and trauma patients: A Systematic review and sequential network meta-analyses
Authors: Tseng Chien-Hua , Chen Tzu-Tao , Wu Mei-Yi , Chan Ming-Cheng , Shih Ming-Chieh , Tu Yu-Kang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Crystalloids and different component colloids, used for volume resuscitation, are sometimes associated with various adverse effects. Clinical trial findings for such fluid types in different patients’ conditions are conflicting. Whether the mortality benefit of balanced crystalloid than saline can be infer from sepsis to other patient group is uncertain, and adverse effect profile is not comprehensive. This study aims to compare the survival benefits and adverse effects of seven fluid types with network meta-analysis in sepsis, surgical, trauma, and traumatic brain injury patients. Methods: Searched databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL) and reference lists of relevant articles occurred from inception until January 2020. Studies on critically ill adults requiring fluid resuscitation were included. Intervention studies reported on balanced crystalloid, saline, iso-oncotic albumin, hyperoncotic albumin, low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (L-HES), high molecular weight HES, and gelatin. Network meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects model to calculate odds ratio (OR) and mean difference. Risk of Bias tool 2.0 was used to assess bias. CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis) web application was used to rate confidence in synthetic evidence. Results: Fifty-eight trials (n=26,351 patients) were identified. Seven fluid types were evaluated. Among patients with sepsis and surgery, balanced crystalloids and albumin achieved better survival, fewer acute kidney injury, and smaller blood transfusion volumes than saline and L-HES. In those with sepsis, balanced crystalloids significantly reduced mortality more than saline (OR, 0.84; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.95) and L-HES (OR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.95) and reduced acute kidney injury more than L-HES (OR, 0.80; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.99). However, they required the greatest resuscitation volume among all fluid types, especially in trauma patients. In patients with traumatic brain injury, saline and L-HES achieved lower mortality than albumin and balanced crystalloids; especially saline was significantly superior to iso-oncotic albumin (OR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.87).Conclusions: Our network meta-analysis found that balanced crystalloids and albumin decreased mortality more than L-HES and saline in sepsis patients; however, saline or L-HES, was better than iso-oncotic albumin or balanced crystalloids in traumatic brain injury patients.
The interaction of water with archaeological and ethnographic birch bark and its effects on swelling, shrinkage and deformations
Authors: Klügl Johanna , Pietro Giovanna Di 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to gain specific information on the water behaviour of archaeological and ethnographic birch bark. Water is involved in a number of curative and preventive conservation measurements e.g. when re-shaping or drying objects and when defining climate directives for long-term storage. We measured the sorption isotherm of archaeological, ethnographic and contemporary birch bark at different temperatures and analysed the moisture-induced size and shape changes (swelling, shrinkage, deformation) during humidification and drying. The analysis revealed that, compared to other organic materials like wood, the moisture uptake of outer birch bark is modest. This can be attributed to the cell structure and composition: outer birch bark is composed of closed cells made to a large extent of hydrophobic components (suberin, lignin). The equilibrium moisture content is higher if lenticels or inner bark are present. The extent of brittleness and delamination of the sample influences the sorption behaviour: the least brittle and delaminated archaeological birch bark is, the lower the equilibrium moisture content. As the moisture uptake is modest, the related swelling of the outer bark is also modest, but anisotropic being larger in radial direction and smaller in longitudinal and negligible in tangential direction. Water vapour can plasticize birch bark and as birch bark becomes flexible, it bends towards the outside of the bark. This deformation takes place at high moisture contents and the adsorption process is slow. Based on these results recommendations on how best to perform treatments involving moisture and on relative humidity ranges for birch bark objects are provided.
Bioinformatics analysis of autophagy-related lncRNAs in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Wu Dan , Ding Yi , fan junbai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is a malignant tumor with high invasiveness and mortality. Autophagy has multiple roles in the development of cancer; however, there are limited data on autophagy genes associated with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ESCA. The purpose of this study was to screen potential diagnostic and prognostic molecules, and to identify gene co-expression networks associated with autophagy in ESCA. Methods: We downloaded transcriptome expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas and autophagy-related gene data from the Human Autophagy Database, and analyzed the co-expression of mRNAs and lncRNAs. In addition, the diagnostic and prognostic value of autophagy-related lncRNAs was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was carried out for high-risk patients, and enriched pathways were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis. Results: The results showed that genes of high-risk patients were enriched in protein export and spliceosome. Based on Cox stepwise regression and survival analysis, we identified seven autophagy-related lncRNAs with prognostic and diagnostic value, with the potential to be used as a combination to predict the prognosis of patients with ESCA. Finally, a co-expression network related to autophagy was constructed. Conclusion: These results suggest that autophagy-related lncRNAs and the spliceosome play important parts in the pathogenesis of ESCA. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of ESCA and suggest a new method for improving its treatment.
Antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized surgical patients: a silently emerging public health concern in Benin
Authors: Yehouenou Carine Laurence , Kpangon Arsène A. , Affolabi Dissou , Rodriguez-Villalobos Hector , Bambeke Françoise Van , Dalleur Olivia , Simon Anne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections are related to high morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Because the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospitals is becoming a worldwide challenge for surgeons who treat healthcare-associated infections, we wished to identify the causative agents involved in these infections and the rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria in six public hospitals in Benin. Methods: Using standard microbiological procedures, we processed pus specimens collected from obstetrics and gastrointestinal surgery wards. Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) was used for confirmation. For the antibiotic susceptibility test, we first used the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The secondary test (by microdilution) used the Beckton Dickinson Phoenix automated system (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic, USA). Results: We included 304 patients, whose median length of stay was 9 days. A total of 259 wound swabs (85.2%) had positive aerobic bacterial growth. In obstetrics, S. aureus (28.5%, n=42) was the most common isolate. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were predominant in gastrointestinal surgery, the most dominant being E. coli (38.4%, n=31). Overall, 90.8% (n=208) of aerobic bacteria were multidrug resistant. Two-thirds of S. aureus (65.3%, n= 32) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), three of which carried both MRSA and induced clindamycin resistance (ICR). GNB showed high resistance to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and cefepime. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were presented by 69.4% of E.coli (n=43/62) and 83.3% of K. pneumoniae (n=25/30). Overall, twelve Gram-negative bacteria (5.24%) showed resistance to at least one carbapenem. No isolates showed a wild-type susceptible phenotype. Conclusion: This study shows the alarming prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms from surgical site infections in Benin hospitals. To reduce the spread of such bacteria, periodic surveillance of surgical site infections and strict adherence to good hand-hygiene practice are essential.
La Militarización del Desarrollo: La intervención humanitaria humanicida en Haití
Authors: Zavaleta Hernández Sandra Kanety , Franco Silva Adriana 
Published: November 2020

Las intervenciones humanitarias pretenden garantizar la estabilidad, seguridad y desarrollo de los países en los que se actúa. En teoría, éstas son altruistas y apolíticas. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos, sólo han profundizado las relaciones de inestabilidad, desigualdad y violencia para garantizar intereses particulares. Además, a pesar de que se vinculan con concepciones críticas de seguridad, la militarización ha fungido como la herramienta central para su implementación. Así, el objetivo principal de esta investigación será analizar la relación entre las históricas intervenciones en Haití -justificadas con discursos civilizatorios, humanitarios y desarrollistas- y la realidad económica, política y social del pueblo haitiano.
El principal hallazgo de este estudio es que la injerencia extranjera, catalogada como humanitaria, ha atentado contra la vida, desarrollo, seguridad y dignidad de la población haitiana. De tal suerte, las intervenciones han garantizado la reproducción de los intereses capitalistas y el dominio de Estados Unidos en la región del Gran Caribe, atentando contra el bienestar y la vida del pueblo en su conjunto.
Analysis of topographic controls on depletion curves derived from airborne lidar snow depth data
Authors: Schneider Dominik , Molotch Noah P. , Deems Jeffrey S. , Painter Thomas H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The annual consistency of spatial patterns of snow accumulation and melt suggests that the evolution of these patterns, known as depletion curves, is useful for estimating basin water content and runoff prediction. Theoretical snow cover depletion curves are used in models to parameterize fractional snow-covered area (fSCA) based on modeled estimates of snow accumulation and snowmelt. Directly measuring the spatio-temporal snow distribution, characterization of depletion curves, and understanding how they vary across mountainous landscapes was not possible until the recent U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO). Herein, for the first time, high-resolution spatio-temporal snow depth information from the ASO is used to derive observation-based snow cover depletion curves across physiographic gradients by estimating the slope of the fSCA–snow depth relationship (i.e. depletion slope). The depletion slope reveals important insights into snow processes as it is strongly related to snow depth variability (r2 = 0.58). Regression tree analysis between observed depletion slopes and physiography, particularly vegetation height and terrain roughness, displays clear nonlinear dynamics and explains 31% of the variance in depletion slope. This unique observation-based analysis of snow cover depletion curves has implications for energy and water flux calculations across many earth system models.
Sequential adsorptive removal of phosphate, nitrate and chromate from polluted water using active carbon derived from stems ofCarissa carandasplant
Authors: Biftu Wondwosen Kebede , Suneetha M. , Ravindhranath Kunta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSulphuric acid-generated active carbon from stems of Carissa carandas plant is investigated successfully as an adsorbent for the sequential removal of phosphate, nitrate and chromate from polluted water. Controlling parameters are investigated and optimized for the maximum removal of the pollutants. At pH: 7, phosphate and nitrate can be simultaneously removed, while at pH: 2, chromate can be sequentially removed from the admixtures of the three pollutants. The active carbon is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Sorption mechanisms are investigated using various adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Thermodynamics parameters are evaluated. The data reveal the Langmuir isotherm model of adsorption, pseudo-second-order kinetics and spontaneity of sorption processes. Langmuir individual maximum adsorption capacity is: 72.75 mg/g for chromate; 63.40 mg/g for phosphate; and 49.15 mg/g for nitrate. The active carbon can be regenerated and reused. The method is used for the removal of all three pollutant ions from polluted water. The merit of this investigation is that an active carbon is identified with good adsorption capacities for the successful sequential removal of phosphate, nitrate and chromate ions from polluted water.
Identifying and analyzing residential water demand profile; including the impact of COVID-19 and month of Ramadan, for selected developments in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Rizvi Syed , Rustum Rabee , Deepak Malini , Wright Grant B. , Arthur Scott 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Consumption of water varies throughout the day due to the daily routines of the consumer. This pattern of daily water consumption is called the water demand profile. The initiatives to create these profiles are to improve hydraulic performance and to build energy conservation strategies for designed networks in Dubai. Therefore, the aim of the work presented here was to develop and analyze a domestic consumption profile for selected developments with socio-demographic factors including weekday/weekend variation, population, income, fasting during the month of Ramadan, and the outbreak of COVID-19. Data from more than 7000 smart meters were collected while water meters of more than 350 residential flats were examined manually. Water demand profiles generated from the data showed weekdays have more predictable peaks (morning 6–8 am and evening 5–7 pm) than weekends. During Ramadan, peak hours shifted to 7–10 am followed by 3–4 pm during workdays while peaks for low-income areas were higher due to a stricter working routine. The COVID-19 crisis has led to significant rise in observed consumption, with over a 30% increase during the month of Ramadan. The observed results, if compared with further end-use studies on more factors affecting demand profiles, can help in generating both cost and energy efficient networks.
Comprehensive water testing analyses for improved water management: coliforms, coliphage and cholesterol
Authors: Bothma Leani , Molale-Tom Lesego , Swanepoel Chantel , Bezuidenhout Carlos , Adeleke Rasheed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of faecal coliforms as indicators is the traditional approach of testing water quality. Unfortunately, for a comprehensive water quality analysis, there is an increasing body of evidence that demonstrates coliforms as insufficient indicators for water quality assessment. Therefore, during the last two decades, alternative water testing approaches such as the use of coliphage as well as cholesterol detection have gained popularity. In the present study, we evaluated and compared the reliability of data from three different indicators that included coliforms (Streptococcus), coliphage and cholesterol. Four sites were chosen for sample collection and these included one site from Haart river (HR1) and three sites from Barberspan (BP1, 2 and 3) in the North West Province of South Africa. Samples were collected during winter and summer seasons. Collected samples were subjected to different analyses for detection of coliphage, coliforms and cholesterol. Faecal indicator bacteria were detected at all sites and in some cases were relatively high (HR1: 287 cfu/100 mL faecal coliform and 228.6 cfu/100 mL faecal streptococci; BP1: 1,730 cfu/100 mL Escherichia coli). The HR1 site consistently had the highest levels of bacterial faecal indicators of the four sampling sites. Most notably, faecal streptococci were detected in higher numbers than any other bacterial indicator. A significant finding was the general higher levels of faecal indicator markers at the BP3. Based on the outcome of this study, a combination of these indicators offers a comprehensive and promising approach for monitoring water quality.
Improving natural organic matter and turbidity removal from surface water by pre-coagulation combined with ozone/ultrasound
Authors: Setareh Parastoo , Pirsaheb Meghdad , Khezri Seyed Mostafa , Hossaini Hiwa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recently, we showed that pre-treatment with ultrasound/ozone (US/O3) could remarkably enhance the performance of coagulation in removing natural organic matter (NOM) and turbidity from surface waters. In the present study another of our aims was to investigate whether pretreatment with coagulation combined with post-oxidation (US/O3) can also remove NOM, turbidity and coliform from the same water resources. NOM and turbidity removal were measured by UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) and a turbidimeter, respectively. Aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride (FC), and poly aluminum chloride (PACl) were tested as coagulants. The disinfection potential of the US/O3 process was evaluated by measuring coliform counts. The effects of different input variables including ozone dose, power intensity, ultrasound frequency, reaction time, coagulant type, dose of coagulant and coagulant aid were examined on the process performance. Design of experiments (DoE) and surface response methodology (RSM) techniques were employed to optimize the operating parameters. Individual coagulation process with ferric chloride decreased NOM and turbidity up to 33% and 15%, however pre-coagulation with ferric chloride combined with US/O3 decreased NOM and turbidity 75% and 32%, respectively. PACL was the best coagulant in the sole coagulation, but in pre-coagulation combined with US/O3 process, FC exhibited the best performance. Treatment with US/O3 following pre-coagulation decreased the amount of coagulant and coagulant aid needed for the treatment. Pre-coagulation followed by US/O3 improves the NOM, turbidity and coliform removal, and so could be considered as a potential method for removing NOM, turbidity and coliform.
Plumbagin: A Potential Anti-cancer Compound
Authors: Roy Arpita 
Published: November 2020

:
Cancer is a deadly disease, which has significantly increased in both developed and developing
nations. Treatment of cancer utilizing radiotherapy or chemotherapy actuates a few issues
which incorporate spewing, sickness, unpalatable reactions, and so forth. In this specific situation, an
alternative drug source, which can effectively treat cancer is of prime importance. Products that are
obtained from plant sources are utilized for the treatment of various diseases due to their non-harmful
nature. Medicinal plants contain different bioactive compounds, which possess an important role in
the prevention of different diseases such as cancer. Plumbagin is a bioactive compound, which is
mainly present in Plumbaginaceae family and has been explored for its anticancer activity. Plumbagin
basically inactivates the Akt/NF-kB, MMP-9 and VEGF pathways that are essential for cancer cell
development. Therefore, it is important to review the role of plumbagin in different cancer cells in
order to find an alternative drug to overcome this disease. The present review provides a summary of
anticancer activity of plumbagin in various cancers and its mode of action.
Neurochemical Changes in the Brain After Fetal Exposure to Fluoxetine, A Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SRI) in Rodents
Authors: Alonazi Mona Awad , El Gezeery Amina , El-Ansary Afaf , Bhat Ramesa Shafi 
Published: November 2020

Background:
In utero exposure to Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is considered as a risk factor for
many neurodevelopmental diseases.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether prenatal SSRI exposure changes newborn brain chemistry.

Method:
An animal based study was designed in which utero SSRI exposed rat’s pups were compared to one without drug
exposure. Neurochemical changes of the infants were assessed after 2 days of birth by estimating the levels of inflammatory
cytokines, neurotransmitters and caspases in the brain exposed to SSRI at prenatal stage and compared to normal unexposed
newborn.

Results:
Our results showed significant neurochemical changes in SSRI-exposed newborns. A significant
decrease in dopamine, and serotonin levels with a remarkable decrease in noradrenaline in
addition to remarkable increase of IFN-γ and caspase-3 levels was observed in the brain tissues of
prenatal exposed SSRIs rat pups.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that prenatal SSRI treatment may affect brain development of newborn hence should be
used warily during gestation period.
Natural Products as Anti-COVID-19 Agents: An In Silico Study
Authors: Sarkar Chandan , Jamaddar Sarmin , Mondal Milon , Khalipha Abul Bashar Ripon , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Mubarak Mohammad S. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening viral infection
caused by a positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family called severe acute respiratory
distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus has infected millions of peoples
and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths around the world. Unfortunately, to date, there is no
specific cure for SARS-CoV-2 infection, although researchers are working tirelessly to come up with a
drug against this virus. Recently, the main viral protease has been discovered and is regarded as an appropriate
target for antiviral agents in the search for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its
role in polyproteins processing coronavirus replication.

Methodology:
This investigation (an in silico study) explores the effectiveness of 16 natural
compounds from a literature survey against the protease of SARS-CoV-2 in an attempt to identify a
promising antiviral agent through a molecular docking study.

Results:
Among the 16 compounds studied, apigenin, alpha-hederin, and asiatic acid exhibited significant
docking performance and interacted with several amino acid residues of the main protease of
SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion:
In summary, apigenin, alpha-hederin, and asiatic acid protease inhibitors may be effective
potential antiviral agents against the main viral protease (Mpro) to combat SARS-CoV-2.
Política de Habitação
Authors: Luiz Duprat Augusto 
Published: November 2020

Não basta proporcionar ao homem a aquisição da “casa própria” ou a daocupação da Casa; é necessário antes de mais nada, ensiná-lo a viver em comunidadee usar o “Bem” proporcionado, completando-se assim a “Obra Social”.
A Educação Fundamental ou Educação de Base consiste num “mínimode educação geral, necessária a ajudar as crianças, os adolescentes e os adultosa compreenderem os problemas peculiares ao meio em que vivem, a formaremuma idéia exata dos seus deveres e direitos individuais e cívicos,e participarem eficazmente do progresso econômico e social da comunidade aque pertencem” segundo a definição da UNESCO.