bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant supplementation improves 8 km time trial performance in middle-aged trained male cyclists
Authors: Broome Sophie , Braakhuis Andrea , Mitchell Cameron , Merry Troy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundExercise increases skeletal muscle ROS production, which may contribute to the onset of muscular fatigue and impair athletic performance. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as MitoQ are becoming popular amongst active individuals as they are designed to accumulate within mitochondria and may provide targeted protection against exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, the effect of MitoQ supplementation on cycling performance is currently unknown. Here we investigate whether MitoQ supplementation can improve cycling performance measured as time to complete an 8 km time trial.MethodIn a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 19 middle-aged (age: 44 ± 4 years) recreationally trained (VO2peak: 58.5 ± 6.2 ml·kg·min− 1, distance cycled per week during six months prior to study enrollment: 158.3 ± 58.4 km) male cyclists completed 45 min cycling at 70% VO2peak followed by an 8 km time trial after 28 days of supplementation with MitoQ (20 mg/day) and a placebo. Free F2-isoprostanes were measured in plasma samples collected at rest, after 45 min cycling at 70% VO2peak and after completion of the time trial. Respiratory gases and measures of rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were also collected.ResultsMean completion time for the time trial was 1.3% faster with MitoQ (12.91 ± 0.94 min) compared to placebo (13.09 ± 0.95 min, P = 0.04 95% CI [0.05, 2.64], d = 0.2). There was no difference in RPE during the time trial between conditions (P = 0.82) despite average power output during the time trial being higher following MitoQ supplementation (280 ± 53 W) compared to placebo (270 ± 51 W, P = 0.04). Plasma F2-isoprostanes were lower on completion of the time trial following MitoQ supplementation (35.89 ± 13.6 pg/ml) compared to placebo (44.7 ± 16.9 pg/ml P = 0.03).ConclusionThese data suggest that MitoQ supplementation may be an effective nutritional strategy to attenuate exercise-induced increases in oxidative damage to lipids and improve cycling performance.Trial registrationThis study was registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12619000451101) on 19th March 2019.
Is Mass Media Exposure Associated with Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption Behaviour: Evidence from India
Authors: Rashmi  , Paul Ronak , Majumdar Bhavna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol consumption are one of the leading lifestyle-related causes of avoidable mortality worldwide. India is the second-largest consumer of tobacco globally after China. The pattern of tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol consumption varies across the states and regions of India. Past literature has provided varying evidence regarding the influence of media on the tobacco and alcohol consumption behaviour of Indian people in specific regions and/or specific age brackets. The current study examined the association between media exposure in households and the individual consumption behaviour of tobacco and alcohol in the Indian population while simultaneously accounting for unobserved heterogeneity at the state level. The analysis was performed separately for both rounds of India Human Development Survey (IHDS) cross-sectional datasets. Multivariable standard logit regression models and random-intercept logit regression models were used to fulfil the study objectives. The study showed that exposure to radio and television media in households was associated with a high risk of smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol in both rounds of IHDS. However, exposure to newspaper media in households translated to a lower risk of tobacco and alcohol consumption in both rounds. People aged 20-59 years were highly likely to consume tobacco or alcohol compared to younger individuals in both rounds of data. Additionally, females are more likely to chew tobacco compared to their male counterparts. The study also provides evidence of the presence of a high level of heterogeneity in the risk of smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco and drinking alcohol across the states of India. The findings of the study highlight the need for devising effective policies that curb the role of radio and television mass media as a promotional medium for tobacco and alcohol consumption among the Indian population.
The Magnitude of Dexamethasone-Induced Hyperglycemia in Cataract Surgical Patients with Normal Glucose Metabolism- A Continuous Glucose Monitoring Based Study
Authors: Zhang Wen-li , Gao Gu , Sun Xiao-juan , Ye Lei , Ma Jian-hua , Li Feng-fei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: To determined 24-hrs glycemic variations using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in cataract surgical patients with normal glucose metabolism receiving dexamethasone therapy.Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, observational and prospective trial. Between June 2017 and December 2018, cataract surgical patients with normal glucose toleration were recruited, and were randomized assigned at a ratio of 1:2 to either receiving 10 mg dexamethasone daily for 3 days after cataract surgical (dexamethasone group) or without dexamethasone therapy (control group). A retrospective CGM was performed at afternoon on -1 day before cataract operation performed for at least 3 days. The primary endpoint was the difference in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) between the two groups.Results: We observed that patients receiving 10 mg dexamethasone daily showing mild increase in mean glucose and hourly mean glucose throughout 24-hrs compared to control group. We also detected that dexamethasone leading to a significant increase in glycemic variation, in term of standard deviation, and a number increase in MAGE and CV%.Conclusion: Our data reveal that short period administration of dexamethasone leading a mild increase in glycemic variations (GV). However, the increased GV may have not clinically relevant. Our data indicates that short duration of 10 mg dexamethasone once daily may be a safe therapy regarding glycemic metabolism in subjects without diabetes.
Gender Intentional Approaches to Enhance Health Social Enterprises in Africa: A Qualitative Study of Constraints and Strategies
Authors: McKague Kevin , Harrison Sarah , Musoke Jenipher 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Health social enterprises are experimenting with community health worker (CHW) models that allow for various income-generating opportunities to motivate and incentivize CHWs. Although evidence shows that improving gender equality contributes to the achievement of health outcomes, gender-based constraints faced by CHWs working with social enterprises in Africa have not yet been empirically studied. This study is the first of its kind to address this important gap in knowledge. Methods: We conducted 30 key informant interviews and 21 focus group discussions between 2016 and 2020 (for a total of 175 individuals: 106 women and 69 men) with four health social enterprises in Uganda and Kenya and other related key stakeholders and domain experts. Interview and focus group transcripts were coded according to gender-based constraints and strategies for enhanced performance as well as key sites for intervention. Results: We found that CHW programs can be more gender responsive. We introduce the Gender Integration Continuum for Health Social Enterprises as a tool that can help guide gender equality efforts. Data revealed female CHWs face seven unique gender-based constraints (compared to male CHWs): higher time burden and lack of economic empowerment; risks to personal safety; lack of career advancement and leadership opportunities; lack of access to needed equipment, medicines and transport; lack of access to capital; lack of access to social support and networking opportunities; and insufficient financial and non-financial incentives. Data also revealed four key areas of intervention: the health social enterprise, the CHW, the CHW’s partner, and the CHW’s patients. In each of the four areas, gender responsive strategies were identified to overcome constraints and contribute to improved gender equality and community health outcomes. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind to identify the key gender-based constraints and gender responsive strategies for health social enterprises in Africa using CHWs. Findings can assist organizations working with CHWs in Africa (social enterprises, governments or non-governmental organizations) to develop gender responsive strategies that increase the gender and health outcomes while improving gender equality for CHWs, their families, and their communities.
Encephalitis Associated with COVID-19 in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemics, the involvement of patient’s nervous system with this virus is increasingly reporting. Although various reports are published on affliction of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with SARS-CoV-2, no report has been published on brain involvement by this virus in MS patients so far. Herein, a 34-year-old patient with MS who experienced the decreased level of consciousness and encephalopathy following COVID-19 involvement has been reported.
Survival and Analysis for Mixed Medullary-Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: based on SEER database
Authors: Wan Zheng , Wang Bing , Miao Xin , Chen Zhida , Huang Sisi , Zhang Kai , Tian Wen , Xi Hongqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PurposeDue to lack of proper diagnostic tools, we aimed to establish a nomogram for Mixed Medullary-Follicular Thyroid (MMFTC) and comparison with AJCC staging in prognosis. MethodsData regarding 203 patients with MMFTC (ICD-O-3 codes 8346, 8347) between 2000 and 2016 from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. X-tile program was used to evaluate the optimal cut-off values for continuous variables. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazards regression model to analyze the independent factors related to prognosis. Construct cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The resulting values were compared with the nomogram and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging using C-index, verification curve, internal validation and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe CSS nomogram presented the prognostic factors including year of diagnosis (p = 0.045), tumor size (p = 0.003), extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.009) and pN stage (p = 0.008), while the OS nomogram showed the prognosis factors including year of diagnosis (p = 0.011), age at diagnosis (p = 0.010), tumor size (p = 0.013), extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.008), pT2 stage (p = 0.021) and Radioactive implants or Radioisotopes (p = 0.031).The C-index, verification curve, internal validation and DCA for these nomograms showed better performance in comparisons with the AJCC staging.ConclusionThe more appropriate and efficient therapeutic strategies were showed by the two nomograms for clinical prediction of OS and CSS in MMFTC.
Receptor-free Discrimination of Peptide Native Bound Conformations Suggests Limited Transferability of the “cen_std+score4l” Rosetta Energy Function From Proteins to Peptides
Authors: Bazzoli Andrea , Contini Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
One of the strategies of peptide–protein docking is to pregenerate an ensemble of peptide conformations in the absence of the receptor, and then dock them as rigid bodies onto its surface. Success of this strategy requires that the scoring function that drives the pregeneration step be able to discriminate in favor of conformations that resemble the native bound conformation. Here we present a study on the discrimination of peptide native bound conformations as achieved without receptor by the “cen_std+score4L” Rosetta energy function, a low-resolution scoring function equivalent to one chosen for other tasks where the modeling of solvent effects is of special importance. The cen_std+score4L function was able to assign, on average, lower energies to native-like than to non-native decoy conformations for only 3 of our 18 test peptides; it also ranked one or more native-like decoys in the top 1% for only 2 peptides. However, by optimizing the weights of the energy terms that define the cen_std+score4L function, native discrimination improved substantially: Native-like decoys were assigned lower energies than non-native decoys for 16 peptides, with a discrimination signal larger than noise for 9 peptides, that is, 50% of the test set. And for 9 peptides, too, native-like decoys ranked in the top 1%. An ensuing energetic analysis of native-like versus non-native decoys suggests that native peptide conformations have solvation and non-local electrostatics that poorly recapitulate those of native protein conformations. Native peptide conformations are also characterized by few backbone–backbone H-bonds and by lack of compactness, presumably to optimize interaction with the receptor. Overall, this study lays groundwork for pregenerating dockable peptide conformations with Rosetta, whether the subsequent docking will be performed by Rosetta or some other software.
Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes of Covid-19 Patients With and Without Hypertension in Lagos, Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Osibogun Akin , Abayomi Akin , Kanma-Okafor Oluchi , Idris Jide , Bowale Abimbola , Wright Ololade , Adebayo Bisola , Ogboye Segun , Adeseun Remi , Abdus-Salam Ismael , Mutiu Bamidele , Saka Babatunde , Lajide Dayo , Yenyi Sam , Agbolagorite Rotimi , Onasanya Oluwatosin , Erinosho Eniola , Obasanya Joshua , Adejumo Olu , Adesola Sunday , Oshodi Yewande , Akase IorhenE , Ogunbiyi Shina , Omosun Adenike , Erinoso Femi , Abdur-Razzaq Hussein , Osa Nike , Akinroye Kingsley 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown epidemiological and clinical characteristics that appear worsened in hypertensive patients with COVID-19. The morbidity and mortality of the disease among hypertensive patients in Africa have yet to be well described.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study all confirmed COVID-19 adult patients (≥18 years of age) in Lagos between February 27 to July 6 2020 were included. Demographic, clinical and outcome data were extracted from electronic medical records of patients admitted at the COVID-19 isolation centers in Lagos. Outcomes included dying or being discharged by July 6, 2020. Variables were compared between hypertensive and non-hypertensives using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, cox regression and Kaplan Meier survival analysis methods to assess hypertension as a risk factor associated with worsened disease severity and death.Results: A total of 2075 adults with COVID-19 were included in this study. The prevalence of hypertension was 17.8% and it was the most common comorbidity followed by diabetes (7.2%) and asthma (2.0%). Overall mortality from COVID-19 was 4.2% while mortality among the hypertensives was 13.7%. Severe symptoms and mortality were significantly higher among the hypertensives and survival rates were significantly lowered by the presence of an additional comorbidity to 50% from 91% for those with hypertension alone and from 98% for all other patients (P<0.001). After adjustment for confounders, severe COVID-19 disease and death were higher for hypertensives (severe/critical illness: HR=2.41, P=0.001, 95%CI=1.4–4.0, death: HR=2.30, P=0.001, 95%CI=1.2–4.6, for those with hypertension only). Hypertension posed an increased risk of severe morbidity and death from coronavirus disease in the presence of other comorbidities (severe/critical illness: HR=3.76, P=0.001, 95%CI=2.1–6.4, death: crude HR=6.63, P=0.001, 95%CI=3.4–1.6, for those with additional comorbidities).Conclusion: The potential morbidity and mortality risks of hypertension especially with other comorbidities in COVID-19 could help direct efforts towards prevention and prognostication. This provides the rationale for improving preventive caution for people with hypertension and other comorbidities and prioritizing them for future antiviral interventions.
Dendrobium officinale Orchid Extract could improve wound healing in diabetic mice
Authors: Zhu Qiang-qiang , Yu Cai-jun , Yang Xiao-ying , Pang Qian-qian , Li Jian-fei , Li Ming-ming , Wang Xuan-jun , Sheng Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

In diabetes, delayed wound healing is one of the most prominent clinical manifestations and lacks satisfactory therapeutic schemes. Persistent inflammation impairs the healing process which occurs in the late phase of wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. It has been report that dendrobium officinale (DE) could decrease inflammation and the NF-κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulated inflammation. The aim of the present study is to detect whether DE attenuated inflammation by NF-κB to accelerate wound healing in diabetes.
Methods

Mice were induced to diabetes by streptozocin (STZ) for 15 days. Two circular 8-mm full-thickness wounds were created on the back and then received DE treatment for 18 days. The percentage of wound healing, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were calculation to evaluation the effect of DE on wound healing. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)- 1β and TNF-α in the wound site were determined by WB. Macrophage deposition and the type of macrophage were detected by WB and immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the expression of p65 was detected by WB.
Results

Herein, we observed that the late wound healing could be improved by dendrobium officinale orchid extract (DE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM mice. The accumulation of collagen was increased by DE treatment in the skin. We also found that the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines IL-1β, and TNF-α were inhibited by DE treatment in the skin wounds of DM mice. Furthermore, the macrophages accumulation which increased in diabetes wound site, were inhibited by DE treatment in the DM mice wound skin. And the CD163 which is a marker of type 2 macrophage was increased by DE treatment. Moreover, we confirmed that DE could decrease the expression of iNos which is a marker of type 1 macrophage by IHC in the skin wounds. And the levels of p65 and p65 phosphorylation were decreased by DE.
Conclusions

Wound healing can be improved by DE through NF-κB signaling pathway to attenuated inflammation in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis Based on A Chinese Cohort Study
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Li Guilong , Cheng Tiantian , Liu Jing , Song Guangyao , Ma Huijuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have suggested the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) may serve as a suitable substitute for insulin resistance. However, evidence for the relationship between TyG index and risk of diabetes remains limited. This study sought to explore the association of baseline TyG index with risk of developing diabetes in Chinese adults.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the health screening program in China. A total of 201,298 non-diabetic individuals were included. TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) × fasting triglyceride level (mg/dl)/2]. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or self-reported diabetes. Cox proportion-hazard model was employed to evaluate the independent impact of baseline TyG index on future diabetes risk. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were implemented to verify the reliability of results. Notably, data were downloaded from the DATADRYAD website, and used only for secondary analyses.Results: During an average follow-up of 3.12 years, among 201,298 individuals aged ≥20 years, 3,389 subjects developed diabetes. After adjusting for potential confounders, elevated TyG index were independently correlated with greater risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio (HR), 3.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.11–3.60). Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), increasing TyG index (Q2, Q3, and Q4) was related to increased HR estimates of incident diabetes [HR (95% CI), 1.83 (1.49–2.26); 3.29 ( 2.70–4.01), and 6.26 (5.15–7.6), respectively]. Moreover, a nonlinear relationship was observed between TyG index and risk of diabetes and the slope of the curve increased accompanying the rise of TyG index. Subgroup analysis revealed the positive association was stronger among subjects with age< 40 years, body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2 and < 24 kg/m2, or systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg, or in females.Conclusions: Elevated TyG index is independently correlated with increased risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults, indicating it may represent a reliable predictor of diabetes in high-risk populations.
Assessment of D-dimer for ruling out peripherally inserted central catheter-associated upper extremity venous thrombosis: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Liu Wanli , He Lianxiang , Zeng Wenjing , Yue Liqing , Wei Jie , Zeng Shuangshuang , Wang Xiang , Gong Zhicheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: With the extensive use of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), PICC-associated venous thrombosis (VT) has become one of the most important complications in the hospital. To reduce unnecessary color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) or imaging tests, D-dimer values are usually used to exclude VT. There is little evidence for the usefulness of the D-dimer level as an independent diagnostic marker for excluding PICC-associated VT.Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of D-dimer concentration to be used as an independent diagnostic marker for excluding PICC-associated UEVT. Design: A retrospective case cohort study. Settings: One teaching hospital in Hunan, China. Participants: In total, 281 subjects who underwent CDU and D-dimer values after PICC placement were eligible.Methods:The patients were categorized into the DVT unlikely group (<2 points) and the DVT likely group (≥2 points) according to their modified Wells score post PICC placement, before extubation. After the Wells score was determined, the patients underwent a D-dimer test and CDU within 7 days after D-dimer test.Results: 281 patients were included in the final analysis. Of them, 180 patients had D-dimer value <0.5 mgL-1. There were 39 patients with upper extremity venous thrombosis identified via CDU and 78.3% with negative predictive value of D-dimer for PICC-associated VT (95% CI: 71.7–83.7%). The negative predictive value of D-dimer for SVT was 91.0% (95% CI: 85.4–94.6%), which was higher than that for DVT (84.9%, 95% CI: 78.7–89.6%) and for VT in the cancer population (80.0%, 95% CI: 73.2–85.4%) and the non-cancer population (60.0%, 95% CI: 35.7–80.2%).Conclusion: the D-dimer concentration should not be used as a diagnostic index to rule out PICC-associated VT to avoid missed diagnosis of PICC-related venous thrombosis, which may cause adverse consequences or may even be life-threatening.