bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional trends in birth weight in low- and middle-income countries 2013–2018
Authors: Marete Irene , Ekhaguere Osayame , Bann Carla M. , Bucher Sherri L. , Nyongesa Paul , Patel Archana B. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Saleem Sarah , Goldenberg Robert L. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Derman Richard J. , Garces Ana L. , Krebs Nancy F. , Chomba Elwyn , Carlo Waldemar A. , Lokangaka Adrien , Bauserman Melissa , Koso-Thomas Marion , Moore Janet L. , McClure Elizabeth M. , Esamai Fabian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Birth weight (BW) is a strong predictor of neonatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare BWs between global regions (south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Central America) prospectively and to determine if trends exist in BW over time using the population-based maternal and newborn registry (MNHR) of the Global Network for Women'sand Children's Health Research (Global Network).

Methods
The MNHR is a prospective observational population-based registryof six research sites participating in the Global Network (2013–2018), within five low- and middle-income countries (Kenya, Zambia, India, Pakistan, and Guatemala) in threeglobal regions (sub-Saharan Af rica, south Asia, Central America). The birth weights were obtained for all infants born during the study period. This was done either by abstracting from the infants' health facility records or from direct measurement by the registry staff for infants born at home. After controlling for demographic characteristics, mixed-effect regression models were utilized to examine regional differences in birth weights over time.

Results
The overall BW meanswere higher for the African sites (Zambia and Kenya), 3186 g (SD 463 g) in 2013 and 3149 g (SD 449 g) in 2018, ascompared to Asian sites (Belagavi and Nagpur, India and Pakistan), 2717 g (SD450 g) in 2013 and 2713 g (SD 452 g) in 2018. The Central American site (Guatemala) had a mean BW intermediate between the African and south Asian sites, 2928 g (SD 452) in 2013, and 2874 g (SD 448) in 2018. The low birth weight (LBW) incidence was highest in the south Asian sites (India and Pakistan) and lowest in the African sites (Kenya and Zambia). The size of regional differences varied somewhat over time with slight decreases in the gap in birth weights between the African and Asian sites and slight increases in the gap between the African and Central American sites.

Conclusions
Overall, BWmeans by global region did not change significantly over the 5-year study period. From 2013 to 2018, infants enrolled at the African sites demonstrated the highest BW means overall across the entire study period, particularly as compared to Asian sites. The incidence of LBW was highest in the Asian sites (India and Pakistan) compared to the African and Central American sites.
Trial registration The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov. ClinicalTrial.gov Trial Registration: NCT01073475.
MET: a Java package for fast molecule equivalence testing
Authors: Schüler Jördis-Ann , Rechner Steffen , Müller-Hannemann Matthias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn important task in cheminformatics is to test whether two molecules are equivalent with respect to their 2D structure. Mathematically, this amounts to solving the graph isomorphism problem for labelled graphs. In this paper, we present an approach which exploits chemical properties and the local neighbourhood of atoms to define highly distinctive node labels. These characteristic labels are the key for clever partitioning molecules into molecule equivalence classes and an effective equivalence test. Based on extensive computational experiments, we show that our algorithm is significantly faster than existing implementations within , and . We provide our Java implementation as an easy-to-use, open-source package (via GitHub) which is compatible with . It fully supports the distinction of different isotopes and molecules with radicals.
Feasibility and possible value of quantitative semi-automated diffusion weighted imaging volumetry of neuroblastic tumors
Authors: Gassenmaier Sebastian , Tsiflikas Ilias , Fuchs Jörg , Grimm Robert , Urla Cristian , Esser Michael , Maennlin Simon , Ebinger Martin , Warmann Steven W. , Schäfer Jürgen F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
To assess the feasibility and possible value of semi-automated diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) volumetry of whole neuroblastic tumors with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map evaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods
Pediatric patients who underwent surgical resection of neuroblastic tumors at our institution from 2013 to 2019 and who received a preoperative MRI scan with DWI after chemotherapy were included. Tumor volume was assessed with a semi-automated approach in DWI using a dedicated software prototype. Quantitative ADC values were calculated automatically of the total tumor volume after manual exclusion of necrosis. Manual segmentation in T1 weighted and T2 weighted sequences was used as reference standard for tumor volume comparison. The Student’s t test was used for parametric data while the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for non-parametric data.

Results
Twenty seven patients with 28 lesions (neuroblastoma (NB): n = 19, ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB): n = 7, ganglioneuroma (GN): n = 2) could be evaluated. Mean patient age was 4.5 ± 3.2 years. Median volume of standard volumetry (T1w or T2w) was 50.2 ml (interquartile range (IQR): 91.9 ml) vs. 45.1 ml (IQR: 98.4 ml) of DWI (p = 0.145). Mean ADC values (× 10− 6 mm2/s) of the total tumor volume (without necrosis) were 1187 ± 301 in NB vs. 1552 ± 114 in GNB/GN (p = 0.037). The 5th percentile of ADC values of NB (614 ± 275) and GNB/GN (1053 ± 362) provided the most significant difference (p = 0.007) with an area under the curve of 0.848 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Quantitative semi-automated DWI volumetry is feasible in neuroblastic tumors with integrated analysis of tissue characteristics by providing automatically calculated ADC values of the whole tumor as well as an ADC heatmap. The 5th percentile of the ADC values of the whole tumor volume proved to be the most significant parameter for differentiation of the histopathological subtypes in our patient cohort and further investigation seems to be worthwhile.
Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on recovery from neurosensory disturbance after sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Firoozi Parsa , Keyhan Seied Omid , Kim Seong-Gon , Fallahi Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Orthognathic surgery such as bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for the treatment of mandibular deformities is one of the most common procedures in maxillofacial operations that may lead to neurosensory disturbance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on augmenting recovery of neurosensory disturbance of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in patients who underwent BSSRO surgery.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted by two independent authors in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Besides, a manual search of all textbooks and relevant articles were conducted. Searches took place in August 2020 and were limited to published and peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2020. All analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) and the STATA MP (version:16) software. The weighted mean difference (WMD) using the inverse variance method and the standard mean difference (SMD) was considered for continuous variables.

Results
Seventy-four papers were retrieved after removing duplicate studies and finally, eight studies were assessed for qualitative synthesis and five for meta-analysis. Totally, 94 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, it was shown that LLLT was not effective in a short interval (0 to 48 h) after surgery, but in a period of more than 1 month after surgery, the positive results of treatment can be observed strikingly. Also, LLLT side/group showed no significant difference in some aspects of neurosensory recovery such as thermal sensation compared to the placebo side/group.

Conclusions
The meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials revealed that LLLT generally improves IAN sensory disturbance caused by BSSRO. Further high-quality clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are recommended.
Engagement in cloud-supported collaborative learning and student knowledge construction: a modeling study
Authors: Baanqud Noria Saeed , Al-Samarraie Hosam , Alzahrani Ahmed Ibrahim , Alfarraj Osama 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany universities, especially in low-income countries, have considered the potential of cloud-supported collaborative learning in planning and managing students’ learning experiences. This is because cloud tools can offer students the necessary skills for collaboration with one another and improving communication between all users. This study examined how cloud tools can help students engage in reflective thinking, knowledge sharing, cognitive engagement, and cognitive presence experiences. The impact of these experiences on students’ functional intellectual ability to construct knowledge was also examined. A quantitative questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 postgraduate students. A reflective–formative hierarchical model was developed to explain students' knowledge construction in the cloud environment. The findings revealed a positive influence of cognitive engagement, knowledge sharing, and reflective thinking on students’ knowledge construction. Outcomes from this study can help decision makers, researchers, and academicians to understand the potential of using cloud-supported collaborative tools in developing individuals’ knowledge construction.
A qualitative study of how self-harm starts and continues among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Chen Runsen , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Li , Lu Li , Wilson Amanda , Gong Shuxiao , Zhu Yingrong , Sheng Caihua , Zeng Ying , Li Yamin , Ou Jianjun 
Published: December 2020

Background
It is essential to investigate the experiences behind why adolescents start and continue to self-harm in order to develop targeted treatment and prevent future self-harming behaviours.

Aims
The aims of this study are to understand the motivations for initiating and repeating nonfatal self-harm, the different methods used between first-time and repeated self-harm and the reasons that adolescents do not seek help from health services.

Methods
Adolescents with repeated nonfatal self-harm experiences were recruited to participate in individual, semi-structured qualitative interviews. The interviews were analysed with interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results
We found that nonfatal self-harm among adolescents occurred comparatively early and was often triggered by specific reasons. However, the subsequent nonfatal self-harm could be causeless, with repeated self-harm becoming a maladaptive coping strategy to handle daily pressure and negative emotions. The choice of tools used was related to the ease of accessibility, the life-threatening risk and the size of the scars. Adolescents often concealed their scars on purpose, which made early identification insufficient. Peer influence, such as online chat groups encouraging self-harm by discussing and sharing self-harm pictures, could also lead to increased self-harm. The results also included participants’ opinions on how to stop nonfatal self-harm and their dissatisfaction with the current healthcare services.

Conclusions
The current study provides important implications both for early identification and interventions for adolescents who engage in repeated nonfatal self-harm, and for individualising treatment planning that benefits them. It is also worthwhile to further investigate how peer influence and social media may affect self-harm in adolescents.
Radical Cystectomy Against Intravesical BCG for High-Risk High-Grade Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From the Randomized Controlled BRAVO-Feasibility Study
Authors: Catto James W. F. , Gordon Kathryn , Collinson Michelle , Poad Heather , Twiddy Maureen , Johnson Mark , Jain Sunjay , Chahal Rohit , Simms Matt , Dooldeniya Mohantha , Bell Richard , Koenig Phillip , Conroy Samantha , Goodwin Louise , Noon Aidan P. , Croft Julie , Brown Julia M. ,   on behalf of the BRAVO study group
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE High-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (HRNMIBC) is a heterogeneous disease. Treatments include intravesical maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (mBCG) and radical cystectomy (RC). We wanted to understand whether a randomized trial comparing these options was possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a two-arm, prospective multicenter randomized study to determine the feasibility in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-naive patients. Participants had new high-risk HRNMIBC suitable for both treatments. Random assignment was stratified by age, sex, center, stage, presence of carcinoma in situ, and prior low-risk bladder cancer. Qualitative work investigated how to maintain equipoise. The primary outcome was the number of patients screened, eligible, recruited, and randomly assigned. RESULTS We screened 407 patients, approached 185, and obtained consent from 51 (27.6%) patients. Of these, one did not proceed and therefore 50 were randomly assigned (1:1). In the mBCG arm, 23/25 (92.0%) patients received mBCG, four had nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after induction, three had NMIBC at 4 months, and four received RC. At closure, two patients had metastatic BC. In the RC arm, 20 (80.0%) participants received cystectomy, including five (25.0%) with no tumor, 13 (65.0%) with HRNMIBC, and two (10.0%) with muscle invasion in their specimen. At follow-up, all patients in the RC arm were free of disease. Adverse events were mostly mild and equally distributed (15/23 [65.2%] patients with mBCG and 13/20 [65.0%] patients with RC). The quality of life (QOL) of both arms was broadly similar at 12 months. CONCLUSION A randomized controlled trial comparing mBCG and RC will be challenging to recruit into. Around 10% of patients with high-risk HRNMIBC have a lethal disease and may be better treated by primary radical treatment. Conversely, many are suitable for bladder preservation and may maintain their prediagnosis QOL.
Total Body Irradiation or Chemotherapy Conditioning in Childhood ALL: A Multinational, Randomized, Noninferiority Phase III Study
Authors: Peters Christina , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Locatelli Franco , Poetschger Ulrike , Sedlacek Petr , Buechner Jochen , Shaw Peter J. , Staciuk Raquel , Ifversen Marianne , Pichler Herbert , Vettenranta Kim , Svec Peter , Aleinikova Olga , Stein Jerry , Güngör Tayfun , Toporski Jacek , Truong Tony H. , Diaz-de-Heredia Cristina , Bierings Marc , Ariffin Hany , Essa Mohammed , Burkhardt Birgit , Schultz Kirk , Meisel Roland , Lankester Arjan , Ansari Marc , Schrappe Martin ,   on behalf of the IBFM Study Group;, von Stackelberg Arend ,   on behalf of the IntReALL Study Group, Balduzzi Adriana ,   on behalf of the I-BFM SCT Study Group, Corbacioglu Selim ,   on behalf of the EBMT Paediatric Diseases Working Party, Bader Peter 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE Total body irradiation (TBI) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is efficacious, but long-term side effects are concerning. We investigated whether preparative combination chemotherapy could replace TBI in such patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS FORUM is a randomized, controlled, open-label, international, multicenter, phase III, noninferiority study. Patients ≤ 18 years at diagnosis, 4-21 years at HSCT, in complete remission pre-HSCT, and with an HLA-compatible related or unrelated donor were randomly assigned to myeloablative conditioning with fractionated 12 Gy TBI and etoposide versus fludarabine, thiotepa, and either busulfan or treosulfan. The noninferiority margin was 8%. With 1,000 patients randomly assigned in 5 years, 2-year minimum follow-up, and one-sided alpha of 5%, 80% power was calculated. A futility stopping rule would halt random assignment if chemoconditioning was significantly inferior to TBI (EudraCT: 2012-003032-22; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01949129 ). RESULTS Between April 2013 and December 2018, 543 patients were screened, 417 were randomly assigned, 212 received TBI, and 201 received chemoconditioning. The stopping rule was applied on March 31, 2019. The median follow-up was 2.1 years. In the intention-to-treat population, 2-year overall survival (OS) was significantly higher following TBI (0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.95; P < .0001) versus chemoconditioning (0.75; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.81). Two-year cumulative incidence of relapse and treatment-related mortality were 0.12 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.17; P < .0001) and 0.02 (95% CI, < 0.01 to 0.05; P = .0269) following TBI and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.40) and 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.14) following chemoconditioning, respectively. CONCLUSION Improved OS and lower relapse risk were observed following TBI plus etoposide compared with chemoconditioning. We therefore recommend TBI plus etoposide for patients > 4 years old with high-risk ALL undergoing allogeneic HSCT.
Topological bounded corner states induced by long-range interactions in Kagome lattice
Authors: Li Yu-Zeng , Liu Zheng-Fang , Xu Xun-Wei , Wu Qing-Ping , Xiao Xian-Bo , Liu Mei-Rong , Chang Lu-Lu , Zhang Ruo-Long 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We theoretically studied the corner states in photonic Kagome lattice with long-range interactions. Literature has confirmed that such model supports zero-energy corner states and finite-energy corner states known as type-II corner states. In this paper, through careful research, we found that there is another new type of finite-energy corner state in this system. By using the approximation method, we realized that the addition of long-range interactions causes coupling between topological edge states, which in turn makes these finite-energy corner states split from the edge states. Moreover, these finite-energy corner states are not located on the corners, but around the corners. And they are immune to the disorder in coupling strengths. Thus we call them topological bounded corner states. Our work reveals a way to generate bounded corner states by the long-range interactions, which offers a way for designing novel bounded devices.
Effects of artery input function on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for determining grades of gliomas
Authors: Jia Lin , Wu Xia , Wan Qian , Wan Liwen , Jia Wenxiao , Zhang Na 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of artery input function (AIF) derived from different arteries for pharmacokinetic modeling on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters in the grading of gliomas.

Methods:
49 patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas were recruited and underwent DCE-MRI. A modified Tofts model with different AIFs derived from anterior cerebral artery (ACA), ipsilateral and contralateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was used to estimate quantitative parameters such as Ktrans (volume transfer constant) and Ve (fractional extracellular-extravascular space volume) for distinguishing the low grade glioma from high grade glioma. The Ktrans and Ve were compared between different arteries using Two Related Samples Tests (TRST) (i.e. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test). In addition, these parameters were compared between the low and high grades as well as between the grade II and III using the Mann-Whitney U-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:
All the patients completed the DCE-MRI successfully. Sharp wash-in and wash-out phases were observed in all AIFs derived from the different arteries. The quantitative parameters (Ktrans and Ve) calculated from PCA were significant higher than those from ACA and MCA for low and high grades, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). Despite the differences of quantitative parameters derived from ACA, MCA and PCA, the Ktrans and Ve from any AIFs could distinguish between low and high grade, however, only Ktrans from any AIFs could distinguish grades II and III. There was no significant correlation between parameters and the distance from the artery, which the AIF was extracted, to the tumor.

Conclusion:
Both quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve calculated using any AIF of ACA, MCA, and PCA can be used for distinguishing the low- from high-grade gliomas, however, only Ktrans can distinguish grades II and III.

Advances in knowledge:
We sought to assess the effect of AIF on DCE-MRI for determining grades of gliomas. Both quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve calculated using any AIF of ACA, MCA, and PCA can be used for distinguishing the low- from high-grade gliomas.
Improving rib fracture detection accuracy and reading efficiency with deep learning-based detection software: a clinical evaluation
Authors: Zhang Bin , Jia Chunxue , Wu Runze , Lv Baotao , Li Beibei , Li Fuzhou , Du Guijin , Sun Zhenchao , Li Xiaodong 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
To investigate the impact of deep learning (DL) on radiologists’ detection accuracy and reading efficiency of rib fractures on CT.

Methods:
Blunt chest trauma patients (n = 198) undergoing thin-slice CT were enrolled. Images were read by two radiologists (R1, R2) in three sessions: S1, unassisted reading; S2, assisted by DL as the concurrent reader; S3, DL as the second reader. The fractures detected by the readers and total reading time were documented. The reference standard for rib fractures was established by an expert panel. The sensitivity and false-positives per scan were calculated and compared among S1, S2, and S3.

Results:
The reference standard identified 865 fractures on 713 ribs (102 patients) The sensitivity of S1, S2, and S3 was 82.8, 88.9, and 88.7% for R1, and 83.9, 88.7, and 88.8% for R2, respectively. The sensitivity of S2 and S3 was significantly higher compared to S1 for both readers (all p &lt; 0.05). The sensitivity between S2 and S3 did not differ significantly (both p &gt; 0.9). The false-positive per scan had no difference between sessions for R1 (p = 0.24) but was lower for S2 and S3 than S1 for R2 (both p &lt; 0.05). Reading time decreased by 36% (R1) and 34% (R2) in S2 compared to S1.

Conclusions:
Using DL as a concurrent reader can improve the detection accuracy and reading efficiency for rib fracture.

Advances in knowledge:
DL can be integrated into the radiology workflow to improve the accuracy and reading efficiency of CT rib fracture detection.