bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the behavior of Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) under impact loading
Authors: Al-wahab Ali Manolia abed , Ahmed Salih Shakir , Jawad Frayyeh Qais 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
SIFCON, as a type of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), has a unique and superior properties in the areas of both ductility and energy absorption and the impact resistance is recognized as one of the significant properties of SIFCON.
The main object of present study is to determine the influence of SIFCON mortar type and fiber volume fraction on the behavior of SIFCON under impact loading. For SIFCON mortar, supplementary cementitious materials [Class F fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF)] were used as a partial replacement by weight of cement. The percentage of FA replacement was (20%) and of SF replacement was (10%). Hooked end steel fibers were used with different fiber volume fraction (6, 8.5, and 11) %, the test was carried out using disc specimen (152 mm diameter by 63 mm thick). The test results were compared with those of fiber reinforced mortar (FRM) containing 2% fiber volume fraction, as a reference (control) mix. The test results show that in general, there is a significant improvement in impact resistance of all SIFCON mixes with increasing fiber volume fraction. SIFCON mix containing SF and FA and 11% volume fraction exhibited the highest impact resistance, and the energy required for completing failure was increased by 11.87 times, when compared with the control mix at 90 days.
Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Papyruses Reeds Reinforced Composites with Polyester
Authors: Al Hassan M A , Azeez R A , Kadhim W A , Albarazanjy M G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Composite materials are playing important part in engineering enforcement. They are utilized in vehicles, marine, aviation, sports and different other fields. This paper has studied the properties of papyruses reeds particles (PRP) reinforced polymer based composites. Composite materials specimens were fabricated with different weights of papyruses reeds PRP particles in polyester matrix. The effect of the different weights of (PRP) that reinforced polyester on the mechanical and physical properties was investigated. The results showed that composite material reinforced with 13% wt of papyruses reeds particles has maximum tensile strength of 57.556 MPa, while minimum tensile strength of 12.88 MPa was obtained at 18% wt of PRP. Hardness test showed that hardness increased with decreasing the weight of PRP. The maximum and minimum hardness values of 73.6 N/mm2 and 67.2 N/mm2 were obtained at 15% wt and 22% wt of PRP respectively. Furthermore, water gain percentage of composite materials was increased with increasing the PRP content at room temperature and reached the maximum percentage of 6.2 % after 6 weeks with 22% wt of PRP.
A New Proposed Type of Open-Ended Pipe Pile (Open-Ended Pipe Pile with Tapered Tip Pile (OE-TTP))
Authors: Al-Soudani Wissam HS , Albusoda Bushra S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present study investigates the behavior of the plug on pile load capacity for new proposed open-ended pile has a new modification in comparison with the traditional one, this modification performed by making the pile tip tapered with special dimensions. The open end has a diameter equal to half of the pile diameter while the length of the tapered part is equal to the pile diameter. The efficiency of the proposed type studied by modeling and manufacturing the two piles types (40mm diameter) and investigating the behavior of these piles. Complete setup manufactured for installing and loading the piles in a constant rate of penetration. Two lengths to diameter ratios considered in this study (L/D=15 and L/D=20). The model piles tested in loose dry sand. The soil plugging phenomenon and the Incremental Filing Ratio IFR were studied. The obtained results show that the proposed type has higher bearing capacity of (28%-36%) than the traditional type. This increase attributed to the tapered end of the pile that continues to push and compacting the soil below it during its driving into the soil.
Behavior of batter pile group models embedded in sandy soil under monotonic loading
Authors: Al-Neami M A , Rahil F H , Al-Bayati K S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces an attempt to examine the effect of vertical monotonic load on the batter pile group models on its ultimate vertical load capacity. A fourteen steel solid pile models are used in this research. Three lengths of piles are selected (300, 400, and 500 mm) for embedment ratios (depth to width) 15 and 25, respectively. Batter piles are embedded in three different relative densities of sand bed (loose, medium and dense). The constant rate penetration test (CRPT) method was selected using a manufactured driving hammer to install the pile models in a steel box with dimensions (1000, 750 and 700) mm. The vertical cyclic load is conducted by a special hydraulic apparatus. The results indicate that the batter-vertical load capacity (BVLC) ratio increased by the increase in the embedded pile length. The batter pile group has a higher capacity at 20 degrees batter angle as compared with the vertical groups. Vertical pile groups exhibited more efficiency, which increases when pile length increases while decreases when the relative density is increased. The batter-vertical load capacity ratio increases when the embedded pile length increases and decreases with the increase in the relative density.
Clay Columns Stabilized with Fly Ash in Soft Soils
Authors: Baqir Husam Hikmat , Y.H.AL-Soudany Kawther , Al-Gharbawi Ahmed S.A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Geotechnical design and execution of civil engineering structures on soft to very soft soils are usually associated with substantial difficulties. These soils are sensitive to deformations and possess low shear strength values. Geotechnical properties of such soil stabilization are improved by various methods. Admixtures improve soil properties in order to form strong foundation capable of bearing loads of such structure. Clay soils cause cracking and fracture of pavement, rail ways, highways, embankment, foundations… etc. The main objective of this study is to discuss and evaluate the effect of addition of fly ash on shear strength of soft soil and bearing capacity of these soils by adding clay columns stabilized with fly ash in soft soils. The essential idea represents in investigation of possibility of using fly ash to reduce compressibility to find solution for some problems of failure in soft soils in Iraq. This will encourage the use of fly ash as stabilizer especially as it is an economic material and for its local availability. Soil used in the study was obtained from Al-Nahrawan City 35 km east of Baghdad. According to the Unified Soil Classification System, it is classified as (CL) soil. The soil consists of 3% sand, 35% silt, and 62% clay. The tests were carried out using a steel container with internal dimension of (400×350×300 mm). The steel container is made of steel plates that are 4mm in thickness. The thickness of the bed of clay was 300 mm, and 400 mm for (L/D) 4 and 6, respectively. The depth of the column was 200 mm and 300 mm for (L/D) 4 and 6, respectively, at 50mm diameter of column (D). Square steel foundation of 4mm thickness and width 60 mm was used in all the tests. The length to diameter ratio (L/D) which was used in this study was 4 and 6. The results of curing days in 14 days and 28 days are close to each other. The incensement ratio is about 5% between 14 and 28 days for the two (L/D) 4 and 6. (L/D) 6 has shown more improvement than L/D 4, the improvement in bearing ratio failure is about 30%.
Effect of diameter on the load carrying capacity of Closed-Open Ended Pipe piles
Authors: Al-Soudani Wissam H.S. , Fattah Mohammed Y. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the behavior of the components on the pile loading capacity and the effect of removing the components. The sand is used as a fine, sandy soil. It was prepared with different densities using rain technology. The soil plug was removed by a device that was manufactured to remove the soil column trapped inside the piles of the pipes during installation by driving and pressing devices. The present study focuses on determining the effect of soil plug on the maximum load capacity of the open-end steel pipe pile and comparing it with the closed pipe pile. A new type of piles of pipes is proposed; piles of open-ended organic pipes driven and compressed in sandy soils of different densities (medium and dense) where axial pressure tests were carried out on the piles of the model. The end of the pile will be open at a predetermined depth in order to facilitate the penetration of the pile base and close it at a distance to increase the resistance of the pile base. The open pile models were modified by closing the ends of the pile by a welded plate at a distance of two, three, and four D (where D is the diameter of the pile) by the pile.
It was concluded that increasing the diameter of the pile from 20 mm to 40 mm caused increase in the pile bearing capacity by about 275 – 615%, while in closed-ended piles, the same increase in pile diameter caused increase in the bearing capacity of about 320 – 860%. On the other hand, in closed-open-ended piles, this increase improves the bearing capacity by about 490 – 1020%. The results prove the controlling importance of the pile diameter in the proposed type of piles; closed-open-ended type.
Effect of Flange to Web Ratio of H-Pile On Compression Bearing Capacity
Authors: Mahmood Mahmood R. , Salim Nahla M.N. , Abdulsamad Mohammed F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Steel H-piles are applicable to many different geological deposits. They are the preferred foundation choice in terms of cost. It can withstand high driving stresses and have good resistance to buckling. Since a few researches are available about H-piles, therefore this research introduces an experimental study to evaluate compression bearing capacity of driven H-piles within a cohesionless soil.
The normal dimensions ratio of flange (f) to web (w) of H-pile is unity (1.0), at this study different flange to web ratios below unity and more than unity were chosen to investigate the effect of flange to web ratio on compression bearing capacity.
Sixteen model tests of H-pile are tested with different flange to web ratios ( f/w) (0.6, 0.85, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5) of the same pile length of (50 cm) and the same surface and cross sectional area, embedded within two different relative densities of sand (40 and 70)% to investigate the effect of relative density with the different flange to web ratios.
The results shows that the ultimate bearing capacity of H-pile increases more than that H-pile of unity flange to web ratio with increasing flange to web ratio (f/w) more than 1.4, and decreases for flange to web ratios below unity.
The results shows that also, the reduction and improvement ratio of ultimate bearing capacity of H-pile in a sand of relative density of 70% more than that of 40%, which shows that the increasing in relative density has an effect on the ultimate bearing capacity with different flange to web ratios.
Effect of Track Speed on the Behavior of Railway Track Ballast System underlain by Clay
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Mahmood Mahmood R. , Aswad Mohammed F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Railway ballast forms a major component of a conventional rail track and is used to distribute the load to the subgrade, providing a smooth running surface for the train. Currently, high speed (frequency) and heavy haul trains are increasing the loads experienced by the ballast layer.
In this paper a full scale railway system is analyzed numerically with finite element method using PLAXS 3D 2013 program. A series of 16 cases simulations for railway track of geometry type (MG) are analyzed. The analysis was performed in order to determine the effects of track speed, clay stiffness and reinforcement on the rail substructure behavior. Eachmodel was analyzed for train speed 30, 60, 90, 120 km/hr., with and without geogrid reinforcement in the ballast layer for comparison. During the simulation, displacements and stresses were evaluated throughout the rail substructure in order to determine the behavior and improvement due to geogrid reinforcement.
It was concluded that the improvement in settlement for soft clay model increases by increasing the speed more than 30 km/hr. For unreinforced models with soft clay layer, at low speed (30 km/hr), about 100 % of the total settlement appears in the clay layer. For stiff clay layer model, there is no effect of reinforcement on the behavior of settlement.
Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Asphalt Concrete: An Investigation of Some Electrical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Mussa Faten I , Al-Dahawi Ali M , Banyhussan Qais S , Baanoon Muna R , Shalash Mariam A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Asphalt concrete is a composite material that is extensively used in the construction of highways, airport runways and parking lots. Riding comfort, durability and water resistance are some of the driving mechanical characteristics making it the most preferred choice in the pavement industry. Multifunctional materials have the simultaneous ability to exhibit non-structural functions apart from their regular structural functions. Structural materials can be designed multifunctional by integrating electrical, magnetic, optical, and possibly other functionalities that exhibit advantages beyond the sum of the individual capabilities. Asphalt concrete has the potential of being used as a multifunctional material by controlling its electrical conductivity. Asphalt concrete, by nature, is a non-conductive composite material, but its conductivity can be improved by using conductive materials. The method of inclusion of a conductive filler within the asphalt concrete matrix and its percolation threshold are the factors of interest within this work. The study of the effect of inclusion of the conductive material on the mechanical properties of the hot-asphalt concrete mixtures is another goal of the present work. The results showed that the incorporation of carbon fibers (CFs) within the dense graded asphalt concrete mixtures can enhance their mechanical and electrical properties. The embedding of only 1.5% CFs by volume of mixture improved the stability, IDT and electrical resistivity by 72%, 20% and more than nine orders, respectively. Accordingly, 1.5% CFs represent the percolation threshold of all of the studied properties.
Investigating hospital parking demand characteristics in Iraq: Al-Sadar Hospital as case study
Authors: Al-Jameel Hamid Athab Eedan , Hasnawi Husam Abdul Ridha , Al-Jumaili Mohammed Abbas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Al-Sadar Hospital is an effective medical center in Al-Najaf city in Iraq, which serves up to 1200 patients. This study has focused on two types of data from this hospital viz. general information and filed data about parking vehicles. A drone has also been used for collecting field data in this study in addition to direct interviews with people and manual counts for both traffic volume and parking vehicles. The duration for parking vehicles was long. The investigated trips are from the same city and from other cities or provinces. According to the results of analysis for both data and information, it was found that the number of parking spaces available (legal and illegal) for each bed was one space which, is less than the default value (2.2 spaces for each bed). On the other hand, the required spaces for employees are also less than the default value (4.3). The results indicate that there is an urgent need for increasing the number of parking spaces to match the demand for the parking vehicles.
Investigation of Rheological Properties of Iraqi Asphalt Cement
Authors: Al-Haddad Abdulhaq Hadi Abedali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The rheological properties of local asphalt cement are measured with the aid of Dynamic Shear Rheometer device to investigate the linear viscoelastic limitation with the range of asphalt film binder involving polymer –modified asphalt.
The rheological response of the asphalt film binders at different temperatures and rates of deformation was measured using dynamic properties of complex modulus and phase anlage. The specific gravity of asphalt cement for Nasiriyah refinery is greater than that of asphalt cement produced from Durah refinery and reduced when adding SBS. The chemical analysis of asphalt cement of Nasiriyah and Durah asphalt cement are 83.47% and 82.27% carbon element; 9.87% and 9.71% Hydrogen element and 0.36% Nitrogen element for both sources; these elements increased with adding SBS modifier.
Effect of Silica on Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Al-Zajrawi Ahlam khudair , Mashkur Bahaa Turki , Al-zahra Zaid Abd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe hot asphalt mixture is the main layer in flexible paving as it is exposed to traffic loads and environmental factors which require high resistance, high durability and good stability to avoid structural deformities that leading to functional and structural failure. In the past few years. Several tests have been carried out on the prepared and compact specimens such as density testing, indirect tensile strength (exposed to freezing and thawing conditions and not exposed), stability and flow as well as non-destructive test using sound waves. The results of the tests showed that the specimens, containing silica fume as apart from filler aggregate (Portland cement), have high Marshall stability-flow and extra resistance to tensile strength than conventional specimens that contain just ordinary Portland cement. All results found to be satisfied the Iraqi specifications adopted for roads and bridges.Calculation of optimum silica fume content has achieved for all tests in order to find overall optimal content which was 4.2%.
Experimental Investigation of the Debris Configurations Effects on the Scour Hole Morphology at Circular Bridge Piers
Authors: Al-Khafaji Mahmoud Saleh , Al-Awadi Aysar Tuama 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe hydraulic conditions and river bed morphology at bridge piers get extremely changed with debris accumulations. In this study, a series of tests were conducted to understand the scour hole geometry behaviour during debris accumulation at circular bridge pier. Three groups of rectangular debris were tested under clear water condition with 27 tests. The most dangerous shapes from these groups were specified and the effects of debris thickness, width and length were elaborated. The results show that the scour depth, width and length increased as the percentage of obstructed area of debris to the flow area increased. Hence, the modification factor of scour hole dimensions increased. The study concluded that the modification debris coefficient for scour hole depth, width and length increased to 2.397, 2.308 and 2.145 when the obstructed area of debris to the flow area increases from 2.07% to 26.89%, respectively. More notifications should be considered in protection work around bridge piers subjected to debris accumulation.
Optimization Process for Removing of Copper ions from Groundwater of Iraq Using Watermelon Shells as Natural Adsorbent
Authors: Ibrahim Raheek I. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
People are completely dependent on groundwater for drinking and irrigation in distant Iraq. In many places, copper ions are one of the primary pollutants found in extra quantities in groundwater. The current work uses watermelon shell for removing of copper ions from groundwater. An initial concentration of 10 mg / L and an adsorbent particle size of 1 mm were used to examine the working parameters: PH, dosage, and contact time using STATISTICA and WinQSB software. The optimization technique was set to predict the optimum conditions. However, the efficiency of the watermelon shell was more than 80% and the maximum capacity for adsorption was 9.57 mg / g under optimum conditions such as: 8 for PH, 1 g / L for adsorbent dosage and 2.5 hours for contact time. The general findings verified that the shell of watermelon is an outstanding and alternative adsorbent to remove Cu(II) from groundwater of Iraq.
Removal of oil from produced water using biosorbent
Authors: Lutfee Tagreed , Al-Najar Jenan A , Abdulla Firdos M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe presence of oil in water bodies posses hazards to aquatic life. The essential target of this research is to examine the feasibility using Fish scale as biosorbents to clear up the oil spills in water body. The biosorbent used in this study was fish scale (FS). The effect of absorbent weight, concentration of oil, and pH were investigated using batch system to find the optimum condition. The maximum removal efficiency was 93% at pH 7 and at the concentration of 400 ppm. The equilibrium isotherm data were studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model and it was found that the data fitted well with Freundlich isotherms.
Evaluate education in the Marshes of Southern Dhi-Qar toward a new paradigm of sustainability
Authors: Al-timimy Sophia Rezaq , Al-Rawe Moheb 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The culture, according to UNESCO, is “interpreter of our being, and elements of our identity”. The establishment of culture in the core of development policies is the only way to achieve a human-centred, comprehensive and equitable development at a time when the world is going through ecological and economic crises with other social and cultural crises.
The Culture represents a positive role in the productive process. Subsequently, the importance of education is in values, traditions and attitudes that are instilled in the minds of children which constitute the desired future based on equity, inclusiveness, peace and sustainability of the environment.
Sustainable development represents a prominent role in the preservation of cultural heritage, and in the nurturing of innovative capabilities. In a region that is the cradle of human civilization and fertile ground for a natural cultural heritage, most of its people who are behind the ancient Sumerians still suffer from poverty and illiteracy. So, this research aims to develop the society that is concerned scientifically, technologically and institutionally, and culturally. For a purpose it is prepared to be able to invest the available resources efficiently and fairly and to realize the importance of opportunities to develop its economy and improve its quality of life. This requires the universality of education and its level of faith and importance. Thus, the problem of research, which sheds light on the lack of education in the marshes of southern Dhi-Qar, was revealed by the results of the reality of the society with questionnaire forms.
As a result of the above research problem and the importance of the role of education to achieve sustainable development, emerged a new paradigm to activate cultural heritage, and promote the Marshlands community as a unique society within its environment.
The researcher resorted to spatial analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS), side by side with statistical analysis to get recommendation that can be used to get sustainable development.