bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching families to manage intake of candy in the home: Results from a feasibility study using multiphase optimization strategy (MOST)
Authors: Savage J. S. , Adams E. L. , Rollins B. Y. , Bleser J. A. , Marini M. E. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundExcess intake of desserts/sweets high in added sugars, such as candy, is linked with greater obesity risk. Parents often limit their childrens' intake of these sweet foods using controlling feeding practices, such as restriction; yet, restrictive feeding practices are counterproductive for childrens' self‐regulation of energy intake.ObjectiveThis study developed a family‐based behavioural intervention that taught parents alternatives to restrictive feeding practices and encouraged children to consume candy in moderation.MethodsUsing the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), parent–child dyads (N = 37) were randomized into one of eight conditions that included a combination of intervention components delivered over 4 weeks: home supply, parent shared decision making, child mindfulness and child attention control strategies.ResultsRetention rate at follow‐up was high (95%). Among parents who received parent shared decision making, 86.4% reported the structured‐based candy routine they set with their child was easy to follow. Most children reported child mindfulness (95%) and attention control (89.5%) strategies were easy to play. Children recalled 4.1 ± 1.8 of the six mindfulness strategies and 2.7 ± 1.6 of the five attention control strategies at follow‐up. Eating in the absence of hunger tended to be lower for children who received parent shared decision making and child mindfulness components.ConclusionThis intervention was feasible and well‐implemented in the home environment. Findings will inform future, larger interventions designed to test similar strategies on childrens; eating behaviours and self‐regulation.
Understanding sentiment of national park visitors from social media data
Authors: Hausmann Anna , Toivonen Tuuli , Fink Christoph , Heikinheimo Vuokko , Kulkarni Ritwik , Tenkanen Henrikki , Di Minin Enrico 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNational parks are key for conserving biodiversity and supporting people's well‐being. However, anthropogenic pressures challenge the existence of national parks and their conservation effectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial to assess how people perceive national parks in order to enhance socio‐political support for conservation.User‐generated data shared by visitors on social media provide opportunities to understand how people perceive (e.g. preferences, feelings, opinions) national parks during nature‐based recreational experiences. In this study, we applied methods from automated natural language processing to assess visitors' sentiment when describing experiences in Instagram posts geolocated inside four national parks in South Africa.We found that visitors' sentiment was positive, and mostly included emotions such as joy, anticipation, trust and surprise, with only a small occurrence of posts with negative feelings. Appreciation of nature, in association with a diverse set of other aspects, such as activities, geographical features and tourist attractions, was used to describe experiences related to nature, wilderness, travelling, holidays and adventures. The type of nature‐based experience described by visitors was park specific, revealing different profiles of parks providing wildlife or scenery experiences.Findings support and highlight the societal role of national parks in providing visitors with opportunities to develop positive connections with nature. Social media data may be used to understand visitors' perceptions, and how the image of national parks is constructed by users in the virtual social environment. This may help inform management for promoting a high‐quality tourism experience, as well as conservation marketing aimed at fostering socio‐political support for national parks and their long‐term conservation effectiveness.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The use of anakinra in the treatment of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Bami Sakshi , Vagrecha Anshul , Soberman Danielle , Badawi Mohamad , Cannone Daniel , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Cron Randy Q. , Levy Carolyn Fein 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) can be familial or secondary, which is often triggered by infection or malignancy. HLH therapy includes dexamethasone and etoposide. However, therapy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Anakinra, a recombinant interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, has been reported to treat macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), rheumatic sHLH. We report our experience with anakinra to treat patients with nonrheumatic secondary HLH (sHLH).ProcedureSix children were diagnosed with HLH from December 2014 to August 2016 and were treated with subcutaneous anakinra (6‐10 mg/kg/day divided over four doses) with or without dexamethasone (10 mg/m2/day). Therapy was either escalated or weaned based on clinical and laboratory response.ResultsFive of six patients were treated with anakinra and dexamethasone, and one with anakinra alone due to active cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis. The median age of diagnosis was 1.8 years (range 0.8‐14.9 years). No pathogenic mutations associated with HLH were identified, but three of six possessed genetic variants of unknown significance. Infectious triggers were identified for four patients and two patients had malignancies. The average treatment duration was 8 weeks with 3.5‐5.5 years of follow up. No patient needed escalation of therapy to include etoposide. All patients achieved remission. Anakinra was well tolerated without significant adverse effects.ConclusionInitial treatment with anakinra (with or without dexamethasone) is a feasible treatment alternative for patients with secondary HLH and may allow for avoidance of etoposide. We recommend early initiation of anakinra when HLH is suspected. A broader investigation of the use of anakinra as a first‐line agent for HLH is ongoing.
Artificial protein sequences enable recognition of vicinal and distant protein functional relationships
Authors: Kumar Gayatri , Srinivasan Narayanaswamy , Sandhya Sankaran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh divergence in protein sequences makes the detection of distant protein relationships through homology‐based approaches challenging. Grouping protein sequences into families, through similarities in either sequence or 3‐D structure, facilitates in the improved recognition of protein relationships. In addition, strategically designed protein‐like sequences have been shown to bridge distant structural domain families by serving as artificial linkers. In this study, we have augmented a search database of known protein domain families with such designed sequences, with the intention of providing functional clues to domain families of unknown structure. When assessed using representative query sequences from each family, we obtain a success rate of 94% in protein domain families of known structure. Further, we demonstrate that the augmented search space enabled fold recognition for 582 families with no structural information available a priori. Additionally, we were able to provide reliable functional relationships for 610 orphan families. We discuss the application of our method in predicting functional roles through select examples for DUF4922, DUF5131, and DUF5085. Our approach also detects new associations between families that were previously not known to be related, as demonstrated through new sub‐groups of the RNA polymerase domain among three distinct RNA viruses. Taken together, designed sequences‐augmented search databases direct the detection of meaningful relationships between distant protein families. In turn, they enable fold recognition and offer reliable pointers to potential functional sites that may be probed further through direct mutagenesis studies.
Crystal structure of a 123 amino acids dimerization domain of Drosophila Caprin
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Zhou Xia , Huang Xiaolan , Du Zhihua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCytoplasmic activation/proliferation‐associated protein (Caprin) proteins assume diverse functions in many important biological processes, including synaptic plasticity, stress response, innate immune response, and cellular proliferation. The Caprin family members are characterized by the presence of a highly conserved homologous region (HR1) at the N‐terminus and arginine‐glycine‐rich (RGG) boxes at the C‐terminus. We had previously determined the crystal structures of human Caprin‐1 and Caprin‐2 fragments corresponding to the C‐terminal 2/3 of HR1. Both fragments adopt homodimeric structures. Based on sequence conservation, we speculated that all Caprin proteins should have similar homodimeric structures. Here we report the crystal structure of a fragment (residues 187‐309) of Drosophila melanogaster Caprin (dCaprin). The dCaprin fragment adopts an all α‐helical fold which self‐associates to form a homodimer. The overall dCaprin homodimeric structure is similar to the Caprin‐1 and Caprin‐2 homodimeric structures. Most of the amino acids residues mediating homodimerization in the three structures are conserved among all Caprin family members. These structural and sequence data suggest that homodimerization through a conserved dimerization domain is a common structural feature of the Caprin protein family. The dimeric structures may also be involved in interaction with Caprin partners. Dimer formation creates a V‐shape concave surface that may serve as a protein binding groove. The concave surfaces in Caprin‐1, Caprin‐2, and dCaprin should have different and specific binding partners due to the large difference in electrostatic potentials. We propose the existence of a multi‐functional domain in Caprin proteins, which not only mediate homodimerization but also involve in interaction with specific Caprin partners.
No relation between docetaxel administration route and high‐grade diarrhea incidence
Authors: Hendrikx Jeroen J. M. A. , Stuurman Frederik E. , Song Ji‐Ying , de Weger Vincent A. , Lagas Jurjen S. , Rosing Hilde , Beijnen Jos H. , Schinkel Alfred H. , Schellens Jan H. M. , Marchetti Serena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOral administration of docetaxel in combination with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir is used in clinical trials to improve oral bioavailability of docetaxel. Diarrhea was the most commonly observed and dose‐limiting toxicity. This study combined preclinical and clinical data and investigated incidence, severity and cause of oral docetaxel‐induced diarrhea. In this study, incidence and severity of diarrhea in patients were compared to exposure to orally administered docetaxel. Intestinal toxicity after oral or intraperitoneal administration of docetaxel was further explored in mice lacking Cyp3a and mice lacking both Cyp3a and P‐glycoprotein. In patients, severity of diarrhea increased significantly with an increase in AUC and Cmax (P = .035 and P = .025, respectively), but not with an increase in the orally administered dose (P = .11). Furthermore, incidence of grade 3/4 diarrhea after oral docetaxel administration was similar as reported after intravenous docetaxel administration. Intestinal toxicity in mice was only observed at high systemic exposure to docetaxel and was similar after oral and intraperitoneal administration of docetaxel. In conclusion, our data show that the onset of severe diarrhea after oral administration of docetaxel in humans is similar after oral and intravenous administration of docetaxel and is caused by the concentration of docetaxel in the systemic blood circulation. Mouse experiments confirmed that intestinal toxicity is caused by a high systemic exposure and not by local intestinal exposure. Severe diarrhea in patients after oral docetaxel is reversible and is not related to the route of administration of docetaxel.
Fine needle insertion method for minimising deflection in lower abdomen: In vivo evaluation
Authors: Tsumura Ryosuke , Iordachita Iulian , Iwata Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFine needle insertion in the lower abdomen is difficult because of complex deflections and few image feedbacks. We aim to develop an approach for generating a straight insertion path by minimizing the needle deflection robustly based on a preoperative computer tomography (CT) image.MethodThis study presents two approaches: an insertion control strategy that performs both vibration and rotation‐assisted needle insertions and a preoperative insertion path planning for determining an optimal insertion path based on insertion angles at each tissue boundary. Those proposed approaches were evaluated through an in vivo experiment with a Landrace mini‐pig. We compered the following: (1) the deflection with and without the insertion control strategy in different 10 insertion paths and (2) the score calculated by the path planning and the actual deflection in the 10 insertion paths.ResultsThe result shows that the deflection can be reduced significantly by applying the insertion control strategy in the optimal insertion path calculated by the path planning.ConclusionThe proposed method can decrease fine needle deflections in the lower abdomen, which has the potential for accurate and safety procedures without real‐time CT imaging.
Perspective on human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in heart disease modeling and repair
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Jia , Wu Qiang , Cao Nan , Yang Huang-Tian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Heart diseases (HDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite remarkable clinical progress made, current therapies cannot restore the lost myocardium, and the correlation of genotype to phenotype of many HDs is poorly modeled. In the past two decades, with the rapid developments of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) biology and technology that allow the efficient preparation of cardiomyocytes from individual patients, tremendous efforts have been made for using hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in preclinical and clinical cardiac therapy as well as in dissection of HD mechanisms to develop new methods for disease prediction and treatment. However, their applications have been hampered by several obstacles. Here, we discuss recent advances, remaining challenges, and the potential solutions to advance this field.
Design of Hybrid Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐Derived Material with C–Mo–S Triatomic Coordination for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Li Yang , Zuo Shouwei , Wu Xin , Li Qiaohong , Zhang Jing , Zhang Huabin , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emergence of Mo‐based hybrid zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (HZIFs) with MoO4 units brings substantial advantages to design and synthesize complex Mo‐based electrocatalyst that are not expected in their conventional synthesis path. Herein, as a newly proposed concept, a facile temperature‐induced on‐site conversion approach (TOCA) is developed to realize the transformation of MoO4 units to C‐Mo‐S triatomic coordination in hierarchical hollow architecture. The optimized hybrid (denoted as MoCSx1000) shows accelerating oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and excellent stability, which are superior to the most reported Mo‐based catalysts. Extended X‐ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis and computational studies reveal that the near‐range electronic steering at C‐Mo‐S triatomic‐coordinated nanointerface guarantees moderate ORR intermediates adsorption and thus is responsible for the boosted ORR activity. This work sheds light on exploring the intrinsic activity of catalysts by interfacial electronic steering.
Boiogito extract alters fecal bile acid profile in mice: Possible roles in changes in fecal and liver lipid levels
Authors: Chen Zhuoer , Watanabe Shiro , Nishidono Yuto , Tanaka Ken 
Published: July 2020

AimBoiogito (BOT) extract is reported to improve hepatic lipid states in the experimental conditions of fatty liver. We hypothesize that the effects of BOT extract may involve alterations of hepatic and intestinal bile acids. The aim of this study is to examine whether BOT extract alters the levels of bile acids and lipids in the liver and feces using mice.MethodsMice were fed a diet with or without BOT extract for five weeks and feces and liver were harvested for the determination of bile acids, cholesterol and triacylglycerols (TAGs).ResultsBOT extract administration did not change the profile of hepatic bile acids but decreased the hydrophobicity and level of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, in fecal bile acids. BOT extract increased the fecal excretion of cholesterol but decreased that of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). BOT extract did not change the fecal excretion of TAGs. BOT extract decreased the levels of cholesteryl esters (CEs) and TAGs in the liver.ConclusionOur data suggest that BOT extract might increase fecal cholesterol excretion and decrease hepatic lipid levels by decreasing the hydrophobicity and level of an FXR agonist in intestinal bile acids.
Effects of graphene derivatives on polyvinylidene fluoride membrane modification evaluated with XDLVO theory and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation
Authors: Wang Qiaoying , Guo Yufei , Wang Zhiwei , Zhang Jie , Yao Jie , Jiang Lingyan , Wu Zhichao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the different graphene derivatives, graphene oxide (GO), carboxylic acid‐modified graphene (G‐COOH), and amine‐modified graphene (G‐NH2), were used to prepare polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes. The membrane modification performance was evaluated using the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory and quartz crystal microbalance dissipation monitoring. The results show that the addition of low‐dose GO and G‐NH2 can improve membrane surface porosity and permeability. The hydrophilicity and electron donor monopolarity of PVDF/GO composite membranes were enhanced by adding more than 0.024 wt% GO, thus improving its antifouling ability. In addition, the enhancement of hydrophilicity, free energy of cohesion, and antifouling ability of composite membrane modified with G‐COOH and G‐NH2 was more significant compared with that of GO with the same dosage, which implies the important role of functional group in additives. This study provides new insights for the blending modification of PVDF membranes by systematically comparing the addition of graphene derivatives with different functional groups.Practitioner points

The comprehensive comparison of membrane modification with different graphene derivatives was investigated.

The enhancement of hydrophilicity and antifouling ability of membranes modified with G‐COOH and G‐NH2 was more significant than that of GO.

The free energy of cohesion of nanocomposite membrane was affected by the functional group of additives.

G‐NH2 composite membrane had the best comprehensive performance with great hydrophilicity, permeability, and antifouling performance.
Hydrological Dynamics Assessment of Basin Upstream–Downstream Linkages Under Seasonal Climate Variability
Authors: Amoo Oseni Taiwo , Ojugbele Hammed Olabode , Abayomi Abdultaofeek , Singh Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe impacts of climate change are already being felt, not only in terms of increase in temperature but also in respect of inadequate water availability. The Mkomazi River Basins (MRB) of the KwaZulu-Natal region, South Africa serves as major source of water and thus a mainstay of livelihood for millions of people living downstream. It is in this context that the study investigates water flows abstraction from headwaters to floodplains and how the water resources are been impacted by seasonal climate variability. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) pattern classifier was utilized for the seasonal classification and subsequence hydrological flow regime prediction between the upstream–downstream anomalies. The ANN input hydroclimatic data analysis results covering the period 2008–2015 provides a likelihood forecast of high, near-median, or low streamflow. The results show that monthly mean water yield range is 28.6–36.0 m3/s over the Basin with a coefficient of correlation (CC) values of 0.75 at the validation stage. The yearly flow regime exhibits considerable changes with different magnitudes and patterns of increase and decrease in the climatic variables. No doubt, added activities and processes such as land-use change and managerial policies in upstream areas affect the spatial and temporal distribution of available water resources to downstream regions. The study has evolved an artificial neuron system thinking from conjunctive streamflow prediction toward sustainable water allocation planning for medium- and long-term purposes.
Climate Change, Rural Livelihoods and Ecosystem Nexus: Forest Communities in Agro-ecological zones of Nigeria
Authors: Fadairo Olushola , Olajuyigbe Samuel , Osayomi Tolulope , Adelakun Olufolake , Olaniyan Olanrewaju , Olutegbe Siji , Adeleke Oluwaseun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA top-bottom approach where local problems are treated in isolation has proven ineffective in achieving sustainable development. The need for inclusive approaches to managing the demand for arable lands, forest resources, and the problems of resource exploitation and climate change calls for local understanding of these elements’ interrelationship. Understanding the interrelationships among climate change, agriculture, and the ecosystems in different agroecological zones in Nigeria was the purpose of this chapter. Deforestation and forest degradation analysis approach was utilized. One state and two forest communities from each of the rainforest, savannah, and mangrove agroecological zones were purposively focused in this chapter based on forest distribution and cover. Focus group discussions involving 252 male and female farmers using 30 years as reference were used to garner relevant information. Climate variation caused a slight modification in cropping schedules of farmers due to prolonged dry season, mainly in the savannah region. Farmers engaged in mixed farming and also cultivate more hardy crops like cassava in response to climate uncertainties. Especially in the mangrove and savannah, ecosystem components such as agriculture and population showed increasing trends over the years as forest cover reduces. Downward trend in charcoal production was limited to mangrove and rainforest zones as fishing and hunting becomes vulnerable livelihoods across the zones. The degree and progression of climate change effects on the ecosystem in Nigeria agroecological zones is largely comparable and have both desirable and adverse livelihood outcomes. Affordable insurance policy, credit, agri-inputs, favorable forest regulatory framework, and youth empowerment supports would enhance sustainable adjustment to climate change.