bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive treatment considerations in COVID‐19—The clinician’s perspective on extracorporeal adjunctive purification techniques
Authors: Swol Justyna , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this document was to inform the scientific community of sparse preliminary results regarding advanced supportive therapies and technology‐driven systems in addition to highlighting the benefits and possibilities of performing concise research during challenging times. Advanced organ support for lung and heart offers the possibility to buy the time needed for recovery. However, remaining a bridging strategy, extracorporeal life support cannot act as the ultimate treatment for the underlying COVID‐19 disease. Appropriate patient selection criteria addressed by experts and scientific organizations, such as Extracorporeal Life Support Organization and World Health Organization, may provide significant help in the difficult decision‐making and to reduce mortality in patients with profound respiratory and/or cardiac failure due to COVID‐19. Severe, systemic cytokine‐mediated inflammation associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 has also been described. Effects of crosstalk between coagulation and inflammatory pathways appear to significantly affect disease progression and lead to poor outcomes. Multiple therapeutic strategies, including antibody therapies (such as Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, Siltuximab), therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and blood purification techniques for direct removal of cytokines, including filtration, dialysis (diffusion), and adsorption are available. Further, we believe, that research should be facilitated and promoted, particularly under the guidance of recognized scientific societies or expert‐based multicenter investigation, with rapid communication of critical and relevant information to enhance better appraisal of patient profiles, complications, and treatment modalities.
Effects of oocyte‐derived paracrine factors on release of extracellular vesicles by murine mural granulosa cells in vitro
Authors: Matsuno Yuta , Maruyama Natsumi , Fujii Wataru , Naito Kunihiko , Sugiura Koji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoth oocytes and extracellular vesicles (EV) have emerged as critical regulators of mammalian follicular development; however, the possible interaction between the oocyte‐derived paracrine factor (ODPF) and EV signals has never been examined. Therefore, to explore the possibility of an interaction between oocyte and EV signals, the effects of ODPFs on the biogenesis of EVs as well as the expression levels of transcripts related to EV biogenesis in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) were examined using mice. The results showed that, while oocyte coculture has some effects on the expression levels of transcripts related to EV biogenesis, the number of EV particles present in the conditioned medium were not significantly different between ODPF‐treated and non‐treated MGCs. Therefore, oocytes have no effects on the EV biogenesis by MGCs, at least with respect to the numbers of EV particles.
Amalgamating Isatin/Indole/Nitroimidazole with 7‐chloroquinolines via azide‐alkyne cycloaddition: Synthesis, anti‐plasmodial, and cytotoxic evaluation
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Saini Anu , Legac Jenny , Rosenthal Philip J. , Raj Raghu , Kumar Vipan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present paper describes the synthesis, anti‐plasmodial, and cytotoxic evaluation of 7‐chloroquinoline‐based conjugates with isatins/indoles/ nitroimidazoles, obtained via Cu‐promoted 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions. On contemplating SAR of the synthesized series, the inclusion of indole and nitroimidazole‐core improved the anti‐plasmodial activities while the isatin seemed to have a lesser effect. The conjugate with a nitroimidazole‐core and hexyl chain length as a spacer between the two pharmacophores was found to be most potent among the synthesized series and displayed an IC50 of 0.12 µM and a selectivity index of 1748.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells involving the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in the glioma microenvironment
Authors: He M , Chen X , Luo M , Ouyang L , Xie L , Huang Z , Liu A 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Recurrence and diffuse infiltration challenge traditional therapeutic strategies for malignant glioma. Immunotherapy appears to be a promising approach to obtain long-term survival. Dendritic cells (DCs), the most specialized and potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs), play an important part in initiating and amplifying both the innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer cells. However, cancer cells can escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting maturation of DCs. Until the present, molecular mechanisms of maturation inhibition of DCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not been fully revealed. Our study showed that pretreatment with tumor-conditioned medium (TCM) collected from supernatant of primary glioma cells significantly suppressed the maturation of DCs. TCM pretreatment significantly changed the morphology of DCs, TCM decreased the expression levels of CD80, CD83, CD86 and interleukin (IL)-12p70, while it increased the expression levels of IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-6. RNA-Seq showed that TCM pretreatment significantly increased the gene expression level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in DCs. suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) knock-down significantly antagonized the maturation inhibition of DCs by TCM, which was demonstrated by the restoration of maturation markers. TCM pretreatment also significantly suppressed T cell viability and T helper type 1 (Th1) response, and SOCS1 knock-down significantly antagonized this suppressive effect. Further, TCM pretreatment significantly suppressed p65 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity in DCs, and SOCS1 knock-down significantly attenuated this suppressive effect. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that TCM up-regulate SOCS1 to suppress the maturation of DCs via the nuclear factor-kappa signaling pathway.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Endocrine gland‐VEGF (EG‐VEGF) are down regulated in head and neck cancer
Authors: Bouzoubaa Si Mohamed , Benlahfid Mohammed , Sidqui Mustapha , Aboussaouira Touria , Rifki Chouaib , Brouillet Sophie , Traboulsi Wael , Alfaidy Nadia , Benharouga Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise the role of VEGF, EG‐VEGF and its receptors in the development and progression of HNC.DesignHuman serum and tissues samples were collected from healthy, epulis and HNC patients and used for ELISA assays and immunohistochemistry studies, respectively.SettingIbn Rochd Hospital of Casablanca (Morocco), INSERM and University of Grenoble Alpes (France).ParticipantsWe used serum from 64 patients with head and neck cancers and from 71 controls without general pathology. Tissues samples were collected from seven patients with OSCC and from seven patients with Epulis.Main outcome measuresWe compared circulating VEGF and EG‐VEGF in normal and HNC patients and determined the expression, localisation and quantification of VEGF, EG‐VEGF and its receptors; PROKR1 and PROKR2 as well as Ki67, CD31 and CD34 in OSCC and Epulis patients.ResultsBoth EG‐VEGF and VEGF circulating levels were significantly decreased in the HNC (P < .01). OSCC patients expressed less EG‐VEGF and VEGF proteins, higher PROKR1 and PROKR2 with no change in CD31 and CD34 levels. A significant increase in Ki67 was observed in OSCC.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that circulating VEGF and EG‐VEGF are downregulated in HNC patients and in OSCC tissue. EG‐VEGF receptors were increased in OSCC, along with a stabilisation of two key markers of angiogenesis. These findings strongly suggest that downregulation of angiogenesis in HNC might explain its moderate metastatic feature.
Does graft hemodynamics affect the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation?
Authors: Matsushima Hajime , Acevedo‐Moreno Lou‐Anne , Sasaki Kazunari , Fujiki Masato , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Uso Teresa Diago , D’Amico Giuseppe , Aucejo Federico , Eghtesad Bijan , Miller Charles , Quintini Cristiano , Hashimoto Koji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough experimental studies have reported that hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury promotes tumor growth and metastases, the impact of graft hemodynamics on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) is unclear. To investigate the association between graft hemodynamics and HCC recurrence after LT, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 279 patients who underwent LT for HCC. Graft hemodynamics including portal vein flow (PVF), hepatic artery flow (HAF), and total hepatic flow (THF) was analyzed as a predictor of HCC recurrence, using competing risk regression analyses. The cutoff values of PVF, HAF, and THF were set at the lower quartile of distribution. A cumulative recurrence curve demonstrated that low THF (<1511 mL/min, P = .005) was significantly associated with increased recurrence, whereas neither low PVF (<1230 mL/min, P = .150) nor low HAF (<164 mL/min, P = .110) was significant. On multivariate analysis, outside Milan criteria (sub‐hazard ratio [SHR] = 3.742; P < .001), microvascular invasion (SHR = 3.698; P < .001), and low THF (SHR = 2.359; P = .010) were independently associated with increased HCC recurrence. In conclusion, our findings suggest that graft hemodynamics may play an important role in HCC recurrence after LT.
Strong behavioural defensive responses of endemic Rana latastei tadpoles induced by a native predator's odour
Authors: Scribano Giovanni , Balestrieri Alessandro , Gazzola Andrea , Pellitteri‐Rosa Daniele 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrey species must constantly acquire information on predator identity, abundance and dangerousness from the environment. In aquatic habitats, this information is mainly propagated by water‐borne chemical signals, either predator‐specific odours or prey alarm cues. Anuran larvae innately respond to conspecific alarm cues and are able to associate them to predator cues during their lifetime. In this study, we investigated the anti‐predatory responses of endemic Italian agile frog (Rana latastei) tadpoles exposed to either conspecific or heterospecific alarm cues and a native predator's (Anax imperator larvae) odour. Pre‐and post‐stimulus behaviours of each tadpole were recorded by a digital camera and analysed by a source executable software for image‐based tracking. We found that Italian agile frog tadpoles responded to fasted dragonfly odour by strongly reducing their activity, both in terms of the amount of time they spent active and path length covered in comparison to control groups. Contrary to previous studies, predators' diet had a negligible effect on tadpole response and our experiment did not bring any evidence of the phylogenetic‐relatedness hypothesis. The innate or early‐in‐development recognition of dragonfly larvae is clearly adaptive and may increase tadpole survival with relatively low costs, but, at the same time, may increase the risk of ignoring novel potential threats.
Tropical plants do not have narrower temperature tolerances, but are more at risk from warming because they are close to their upper thermal limits
Authors: Sentinella Alexander T. , Warton David I. , Sherwin William B. , Offord Catherine A. , Moles Angela T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTropical species are thought to be more susceptible to climate warming than are higher latitude species. This prediction is largely based on the assumption that tropical species can tolerate a narrower range of temperatures. While this prediction holds for some animal taxa, we do not yet know the latitudinal trends in temperature tolerance for plants. We aim to address this knowledge gap and establish if there is a global trend in plant warming risk.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent–2070.Major taxa studiedPlants.MethodsWe used 9,737 records for 1,312 species from the Kew Gardens’ global germination database to quantify global patterns in germination temperature.ResultsWe found no evidence for a latitudinal gradient in the breadth of temperatures at which plant species can germinate. However, tropical plants are predicted to face the greatest risk from climate warming, because they experience temperatures closer to their upper germination limits. By 2070, over half (79/142) of tropical plant species are predicted to experience temperatures exceeding their optimum germination temperatures, with some even exceeding their maximum germination temperature (41/190). Conversely, 95% of species at latitudes above 45° are predicted to benefit from warming, with environmental temperatures shifting closer to the species’ optimal germination temperatures.Main conclusionsThe prediction that tropical plant species would be most at risk under future climate warming was supported by our data, but through a different mechanism to that generally assumed.
Portal hemodynamic effects of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hidaka Hisashi , Uojima Haruki , Nakazawa Takahide , Shao Xue , Hara Yusuke , Iwasaki Shuichiro , Wada Naohisa , Kubota Kosuke , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Shibuya Akitaka , Kanoh Yuhsaku , Kokubu Shigehiro , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: June 2020

AimLenvatinib is an oral, multitargeted, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which suppress tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. It was non‐inferior to sorafenib in overall survival in untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib had a beneficial effect on portocollateral circulation with portal hypertension in translating and clinical studies. However, the hemodynamic effects of lenvatinib appear to be different from those of sorafenib because the efficacy of lenvatinib for vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and fibroblast growth factor receptors is different from that of sorafenib. This study was prospectively performed to evaluate the portal hemodynamic effect of lenvatinib in patients with advanced HCC using duplex Doppler ultrasonography.MethodsIn total, 28 Child‐Pugh class A or B patients with advanced HCC received lenvatinib depending on body weight daily for 2 weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in the hemodynamics of the portal venous system using duplex Doppler ultrasonography before and after the 2‐week administration of lenvatinib.ResultsThe portal venous flow velocity (cm/s) significantly reduced (27 ± 12.1 vs. 22.6 ± 8.0, P = 0.019), while portal venous area (cm2) did not change after the 2‐week administration (0.80 ± 0.36 vs. 0.82 ± 0.27, P = 0.665). Therefore, the congestion index (portal venous area/portal venous flow velocity), which reflects the pathophysiological hemodynamics of the portal venous system significantly worsened (0.037 ± 0.025 vs. 0.043 ± 0.024, P = 0.045).ConclusionsConsidering that this was a short‐term study, because lenvatinib could be an agent that aggravates portal hypertension, it will be necessary to verify its clinical effects for portal hypertension in future studies.
Cross‐border commuters: How to segment Them? A Framework of Analysis
Authors: Comerio Niccolò , Minelli Eliana , Sottrici Federica , Torchia Enrico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe removal of barriers to labour mobility and the enhancement of cross‐border mobility are expected to reduce regional disparities by contributing to a more efficient allocation of labour. For some time now, however, researchers have considered borders and cross‐border regions to be marginal zones. Therefore, we contribute to the discussion by providing a qualitative framework for the segmentation of the cross‐border job market, capable of addressing some questions relevant to the management of cross‐border commuting regarding the nature of imbalances that characterize the cross‐border job market and the main factors underpinning the phenomenon. To do so, we focused specifically on the Euroregion “Regio Insubrica”, a cross‐boundary cooperation community between Italy and Switzerland. Nevertheless, the proposed framework may be easily applied to all the existing cross‐border regions across the world in order to help explain the imbalances that exist, and support decision‐makers regarding educational and labour market policies.
Ultrastructure and properties of primary carious molars treated using the Hall Technique
Authors: Loch Carolina , Jansen van Vuuren Ludwig , Duncan Warwick J. , Boyd Dorothy H. , Foster Page Lyndie A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Hall Technique (HT) is a method of restoring decayed primary teeth using stainless steel crowns (SSCs) without tooth preparation, caries removal, or local anaesthetic.AimTo investigate the ultrastructural, biomechanical, and chemical characteristics of teeth managed with the Hall Technique in comparison with conventional SSC (controls).DesignTwelve HT‐treated primary molars and four controls were analysed. Teeth were dehydrated in ethanol, embedded in methylmethacrylate, mesio‐distally sectioned, X‐rayed, mounted, and polished. Biomechanical, ultrastructural, and chemical characterisation was performed for carious lesion and sound areas of each specimen.ResultsPre‐treatment and post‐treatment X‐rays showed evidence of little to no caries progression over time. In carious lesions, mean hardness and elastic modulus values were lower in HT‐treated teeth than in controls. In both controls and HT‐treated teeth, carious lesions had the lowest %wt of Ca and P of all tissues sampled.ConclusionsAlthough the retained carious tissue was biomechanically more compromised in HT‐treated teeth, the Ca and P values were higher than reported elsewhere for carious lesions in primary molars, suggesting remineralisation may have occurred in caries in HT‐treated teeth. Future investigations will help elucidate the processes involved with carious lesion arrest under SSC.
Thermosensitive heparin‐poloxamer hydrogel encapsulated bFGF and NGF to treat spinal cord injury
Authors: Hu Xiaoli , Li Rui , Wu Yanqing , Li Yi , Zhong Xingfeng , Zhang Guanyinsheng , Kang Yanmin , Liu Shuhua , Xie Ling , Ye Junming , Xiao Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe application of growth factors (GFs) for treating chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, direct administration of GFs is limited by their rapid degradation and dilution at the injured sites. Moreover, SCI recovery is a multifactorial process that requires multiple GFs to participate in tissue regeneration. Based on these facts, controlled delivery of multiple growth factors (GFs) to lesion areas is becoming an attractive strategy for repairing SCI. Presently, we developed a GFs‐based delivery system (called GFs‐HP) that consisted of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and heparin‐poloxamer (HP) hydrogel through self‐assembly mode. This GFs‐HP was a kind of thermosensitive hydrogel that was suitable for orthotopic administration in vivo. Meanwhile, a 3D porous structure of this hydrogel is commonly used to load large amounts of GFs. After single injection of GFs‐HP into the lesioned spinal cord, the sustained release of NGF and bFGF from HP could significantly improve neuronal survival, axon regeneration, reactive astrogliosis suppression and locomotor recovery, when compared with the treatment of free GFs or HP. Moreover, we also revealed that these neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of GFs‐HP were likely through activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signalling pathways. Overall, our work will provide an effective therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
Influence of light intensity and photoperiod on embryonic development, survival and growth of threatened catfish Ompok bimaculatus early larvae
Authors: Arambam Kalpana , Singh Soibam Khogen , Biswas Pradyut , Patel Arun Bhai , Jena Alok Kumar , Pandey Pramod Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLarval growth and survival of catfishes are largely influenced by the various biotic and abiotic factors. The present study investigated the effect of different light intensities and photoperiods on growth and survival of Ompok bimaculatus larvae. Three separate trials of 21 days each were carried out in an aquarium tank. The first trial investigated the embryonic changes (based on hatching rate and time) upon exposure to varied light intensity (0, 300, 500, 900 and 1200 lx) and photoperiodic regime (24l:0d, 16l:8d, 12l:12d, 8l:16d and 0l:24d). Subsequently, hatched‐out larvae were subjected to the aforementioned intensities (Trial II) and photoperiod (Trial III, intensity of 300 lx) for growth and survival attributes. Eight hundred healthy larvae (average body weight = 0.003 g) were randomly distributed into five treatment groups for the last two trials. Results suggest a higher embryo hatching rate and larval survival at 0 and 300 lx, whereas the largest larval growth was observed at 900 lx. In Trial III, survival was highest in 0l:24d and growth in 24l:0d and 16l:8d was higher (P < 0.05). Performance index was higher (P < 0.05) in both 0 and 300 lx light and decreased at higher intensities. The overall interpretation from the present study concludes that a completely dark rearing environment is recommended for better survival of O. bimaculatus although growth was compromised.
Reduced dopaminergic tone during lactation is permissive to the hypothalamic stimulus for suckling‐induced prolactin release
Authors: Silva Kaoma S. C. , Aquino Nayara S. S. , Gusmao Daniela O. , Henriques Patricia C. , Reis Adelina M. , Szawka Raphael E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDopamine from tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurones tonically inhibits prolactin (PRL) secretion. Lactational hyperprolactinaemia is associated with a reduced activity of TIDA neurones. However, it remains controversial whether the suckling‐induced PRL surge is driven by an additional decrease in dopamine release or by stimulation from a PRL‐releasing factor. In the present study, we further investigated the role of dopamine in the PRL response to suckling. Non‐lactating (N‐Lac), lactating 4 hour apart from pups (Lac), Lac with pups return and suckling (Lac+S), and post‐lactating (P‐Lac) rats were evaluated. PRL levels were elevated in Lac rats and increased linearly within 30 minutes of suckling in Lac+S rats. During the rise in PRL levels, dopamine and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the median eminence (ME) and neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary did not differ between Lac+S and Lac rats. However, dopamine and DOPAC were equally decreased in Lac and Lac+S compared to N‐Lac and P‐Lac rats. Suckling, in turn, reduced phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ME of Lac+S. Domperidone and bromocriptine were used to block and activate pituitary dopamine D2 receptors, respectively. Domperidone increased PRL secretion in both N‐Lac and Lac rats, and suckling elicited a robust surge of PRL over the high basal levels in domperidone‐treated Lac+S rats. Conversely, bromocriptine blocked the PRL response to suckling. The findings obtained in the present study provide evidence that dopamine synthesis and release are tonically reduced during lactation, whereas dopamine is still functional with respect to inhibiting PRL secretion. However, there appears to be no further reduction in dopamine release associated with the suckling‐induced rise in PRL. Instead, the lower dopaminergic tone during lactation appears to be required to sensitise the pituitary to a suckling‐induced PRL‐releasing factor.