bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of riboflavin supplementation on blood pressure and possible effect modification by the MTHFR C677T polymorphism: a randomised trial in rural Gambia
Authors: Jobe Modou , Ward Mary , Sonko Bakary , Muhammad Abdul Khalie , Danso Ebrima , McNulty Helene , Prentice Andrew M 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Emerging evidence links a functional polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene (rs1801133) with hypertension in adults. This variant reduces the affinity of MTHFR for its cofactor flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) which is derived from riboflavin. Previous work has demonstrated a blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of riboflavin in Irish adults with the MTHFR 677TT variant. We hypothesize that the almost-universal severe riboflavin deficiency seen in rural Gambia mimics the BP phenotypic effect of the TT variant and exacerbate the effect of the CT variant. We will test this in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial, whether intervention with riboflavin can decrease BP in adults in rural Gambia. Methods: This is a phase 2 recall-by-genotype randomised single-blind placebo-controlled riboflavin supplementation trial. We will use the Keneba biobank to recruit approximately 102 individuals aged between 18-70, previously genotyped for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and identified as carrying the T allele; these individuals will be age- and sex-matched to a similar number of homozygotes for the C allele. The participants will be randomised to a 16-week supplementation trial of 5 mg/day riboflavin or placebo, supplied every 14 days. The primary outcome, BP, will be measured at baseline and at weeks 8 and 16. Blood samples, collected at baseline and week 16, will be analysed for riboflavin, homocysteine, red cell folate, cobalamin (vitamin B12) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Discussion: The study will evaluate the role of riboflavin supplementation in BP control within a population with high levels of riboflavin deficiency and will test a possible gene-nutrient interaction with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. If improvements in BP are observed in this study, and proven in subsequent large-scale interventions, riboflavin could offer a cost-effective, safe and accessible option for the prevention and control of hypertension in this population. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03151096. Registered on 12 May 2017.
Ewolucja kryteriów podziału gramatycznego leksemów (relatory a spójniki)
Authors: Grochowski Maciej 
Published: August 2020

The Evolution of Criteria for a Grammatical Classification of Lexemes (Relative Pronouns vs Conjunctions)
The paper discusses the evolution of the part-of-speech classification of Polish lexemes, and presents the changes in the criteria used to distinguish relative pronouns and conjunctions. The characterization has been based on important works in the field of theoretical Polish grammar, including textbooks, from the beginning of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century. The author distinguishes two breakthroughs in the history of grammar, the first caused by the influence on research into grammar of the connotation theory, and the other by the influence of the metatext theory.
Zagadnienie motywacji w gniazdowym opisie słowotwórstwa gwarowego (na przykładzie gwary orawskiej)
Authors: Kurdyła Tomasz 
Published: August 2020

The Question of Motivation in Nest-Oriented Description of Dialectal Word Formation (Using the Example of the Orava Dialect)
The paper discusses word formation’s most important notion, i.e. the motivation, in respect to nestoriented descriptions. The first part presents the difficulties which arise in the traditional, as well as in the nest-oriented description of word formation of general Polish (mutual motivation, multiple motivations, indirect and direct motivation, base and accompanying motivation, equivalent motivation). In the second part, these problems of motivation, resulting from the specificity of dialectal material, are being discussed. This part also formulates methodological suggestions about the creation of certain nests which are more difficult to analyse. The final part tackles the question of mutual dependence between the model of word formation, and the speaker’s word formation intuition (awareness, competence).
Obraz społeczności wiejskiej zakrzepły w nazwach synów i córek
Authors: Kurek Halina 
Published: August 2020

The Image of Rural Community Preserved in the Names of Sons and Daughters. Tradition and Change (Based on the Villages of the Dukla Region in the Low Beskids)
The goals of the present article are to reconstruct the linguistic image of the rural community of the Dukla region, preserved in the names of sons and daughters living in the 20th and 21st centuries; as well as to present the direction and rate of changes that take place in this dialect in the formation of analysed anthroponyms. The analysis of the material reveals a dynamic image of the rural community which undergoes significant changes in consequent generations. The names of descendants from the beginning of the 20th century preserved the image of a traditional village that kept true to the fathers’ traditions. The names of further generations of sons and daughters expose a community which, gradually but visibly, loses its language and culture. This refers also to the descendants’ names created with word formation that were consistently removed from the analysed dialect at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. As a result, the next generations will probably use the syntactic structure: name + preposition od ‘to’ + gen. sg. of the personal name.
Niechciani obcy – imigranci w świetle komentarzy internetowych
Authors: Winiarska Justyna 
Published: August 2020

Unwanted Aliens – Immigrants in the Light of Internet Comments
The article deals with comments published in the Internet as a reaction to remarks made by foreigners. Subject’s utterances are treated as a way of his (her) self-presentation and presentation of held values. The author uses methodology of cognitive linguistic and concept of linguistic image of the world. The article shows that when Polish Internet users encounter aliens they use stigmatization and stereotypes, feel threatened and display their aversion.
Rozważania nad koncepcją historii językoznawstwa polskiego
Authors: Miodunka Władysław T. 
Published: August 2020

Reflections on the Conception of the History of Polish Linguistics
The author explains his reason for taking up the topic by recalling his discussions with prof. Mirosław Skarżyński and encouraging him to prepare a publication in which he would present his conception of the history of Polish linguistics. Prof. Skarżyński will not write this paper any more, so this author decided to present his own reflections on the matter. He begins with the first grammar of Polish, Polonicae grammatices institutio, published in 1568 by a Frenchman Piotr Statorius-Stojeński, for foreigners who wish to learn the language. He presents the work against the European background, and shows that it belongs to the great European movement of the 16th century, of preparing descriptions of contemporary languages. This author proposes that the publication of Statorius’ grammar, and of Jan Mączyński’s Latin-Polish dictionary (1564), can be considered the actual beginnings of Polish linguistics. In relation to S. Urbańczyk who tied those beginnings to year 1751, this author moves the date nearly 200 years back. He also refers to the opinions of historians of science. The paper concludes with remarks on the place of applied linguistics and glottodidactics in Polish linguistics.
Początki językoznawstwa polonistycznego na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim
Authors: Pihan-Kijasowa Alicja 
Published: August 2020

The Origins of Polish Language Studies at Poznań University
Linguistic studies on the Polish language and literature were first conducted at the Faculty of Philosophy of Poznań University (established in 1919). Studies on literary theory were pursued in the Department of History of Polish Literature, whereas linguistic studies in the Department of Slavic Philology and Indo-European Linguistics. Initially, these studies were supervised by scholars who came from the Jagiellonian University in Cracow: Mikołaj Rudnicki and Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński, as well as Stanisław Dobrzycki who was active in two fields, theory of literature and linguistics. It was only in 1922 that the Department of the Polish Language was established thanks to the efforts of Edward Klich, who also came from Cracow. At first, Polish language studies at Poznań University concentrated on two fields: onomastics (with components of etymology), and dialectology. More comprehensive research was conducted since the establishment of the Department of the Polish Language which was joined by a new generation of linguists, including graduates of Poznań University.
Metajęzykowe działania na tekście osoby dwujęzycznej
Authors: Ligara Bronisława 
Published: August 2020

Metalinguistics Operations on a Bilingual Person’s Text
The paper presents the traces of metalinguistic operations reflected in the process of translation into Polish (L2) performed by Zygmunt Krasiński, of two audiences in 1857 and 1858, that the Polish- -French bilingual author had with Emperor Napoleon III. Both audiences concerned the so-called Polish cause, la cause polonaise. They constituted a spoken discourse co-created by both participants of those communicative events, and their common code was the French language (L1). Napoleon III demanded strictly confidential audiences, however Krasiński, thanks to his outstanding bilingual competence, transferred the spoken discourse he memorized in extenso in L1, into the sphere of the Polish language (L2). The translations of the audiences, written down in statu nascendi, reveal the process of emergence of the target text in the genre of linguistic mediation. This process included the act of consolidating in Krasiński’s memory of a series of replies uttered in L1, and then the act of their translation, recording in L2 in the form of a text that is semantically equivalent to source dialogues. The translation of Napoleon III’s words, foreign words, and the auto-translation of Krasiński’s own words reflect metalinguistic operations which result from his bilingualism, i.e. from the fact that both French and Polish were his first languages. Metalinguistic operations result from interpretative relations that can occur between two languages which both inhabit the mind of a bilingual person, so that one language becomes the metalanguage for the other one. Krasiński realized the translations exactly as bilingual speech which contains explicit traces of his metalinguistic operations. They take the form of code switching, double language thinking, interference, and negotiation of common meanings in the situation where linguistic units of L1 and L2 differ. The translation of the audiences shows translation as a special type of Krasiński’s communication with the Polish national community: the transcript made them available to Polish recipients who did not know the French language. Simultaneously, Krasiński’s translation excluded from among potential recipients the speakers of French, as Polish was a language unknown to French elites in the 19th century, and in a sense was a secret language for them.
The changing face of reoperative parathyroidectomy: a single-centre comparison of 147 parathyroid reoperations
Authors: Camenzuli C , DiMarco AN , Isaacs KE , Grant Y , Jackson J , Alsafi A , Harvey C , Barwick TD , Tolley N , Palazzo FF 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionReoperative parathyroidectomy for persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism is dependent on radiology. This study aimed to compare outcomes in reoperative parathyroidectomy at a single centre using a combination of traditional and newer imaging studies.Materials and methodsRetrospective case note review of all reoperative parathyroidectomies for persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism over five years (June 2014 to June 2019; group A). Imaging modalities used and their positive predictive value, complications and cure rates were compared with a published dataset spanning the preceding nine years (group B).ResultsFrom over 2000 parathyroidectomies, 147 were reoperations (101 in group A and 46 in group B). Age and sex ratios were similar (56 vs 62 years; 77% vs 72% female). Ultrasound use remains high and shows better positive predictive value (76% vs 57 %). 99mTc-sestamibi use has declined (79% vs 91%) but the positive predictive value has improved (74% vs 53%). 4DCT use has almost doubled (61% vs 37%) with better positive predictive value (88% vs 75%). 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid hormone are novel modalities only available for group A. Both carried a positive predictive value of 100%. Venous sampling with or without angiography use has decreased (35% vs 39%) but maintains a high positive predictive value (86% vs 91%). Cure rates were similar (96% vs 100%). Group A had 5% permanent hypoparathyroidism, 1% permanent vocal cord palsy and 1% haematoma requiring reoperation. No complications for group B.ConclusionOptimal imaging is key to good cure rates in reoperative parathyroidectomy. High-quality, non-interventional imaging techniques have produced a shift in the preoperative algorithm without compromising outcomes.
PROMs in total knee replacement: analysis of negative outcomes
Authors: Begum F , Panagiotidou A , Park C , Ashdown T , El-Tawil S 
Published: August 2020

Introduction NHS England uses the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) as part of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate ‘health gains’ following total knee replacement. Policy makers use this to guide healthcare funding and resource allocation. Our study aims to undertake a qualitative and quantitative analysis of OKS among patients who experienced a negative outcome after a total knee replacement at our centre. Materials and methods Between April 2017-March 2018, 19 of 189 (10%) patients had a worsened OKS at our centre. We retrospectively and prospectively reviewed 14 of these patients. Structured telephone interviews with a repeat OKS were carried out in September 2019 (18–29 months post-operation). Results Eight patients were female and the total age range was 57–95, mean average 75.6 (SD 9.9 years). Of 48 (higher scores meaning better outcomes), the average preoperative OKS was 24.2 and the average postoperative OKS at 6 months was 19.4 (decrease of 20%). The average postoperative OKS at 18–29 months was 35.6 (an increase of 83.5% from 6 months). Discussion The OKS was developed and validated over 20 years ago in Oxford. In our study, four patients asked for clarification of questions 4, 6 and 10 owing to ambiguous language. All 14 patients who had negative OKS outcomes had positive outcomes when retested after 18 months, depicting ‘health gains’ not conveyed in PROMs analysis. Conclusion The OKS needs to be revalidated on current patient groups for accurate and reliable data. Further prospective studies should be undertaken on larger cohorts to understand the recovery course and whether PROMs should be carried out later.
Efficient interrogation method of forward Brillouin scattering in optical fibers using a narrow bandwidth long-period grating
Authors: Sánchez L. A. , Díez A. , Cruz J. L. , Andrés M. V. 
Published: August 2020

A new technique, to the best of our knowledge, for the characterization of the effective refractive index modulation in optical fibers due to transverse acoustic mode resonances excited by electrostriction is reported. The resonances excited by an optical pulse are probed by a narrow bandwidth long-period grating (LPG) inscribed in the fiber, which is interrogated by a continuous wave (CW) beam. The LPG used in this experiment has a narrow bandwidth and high sensitivity to small mode index perturbations, allowing the measurement of index variations from below

10

−
9

to

10

−
6

. Radial and torsional-radial acoustic modes were characterized up to 1.1 GHz. The linewidth of resonances was found to be much shorter than in previous reports in which long fiber lengths are typically required, obtaining Q factors as high as 5000.
Dispersion-limited versus power-limited terahertz communication links using solid core subwavelength dielectric fibers
Authors: Nallappan Kathirvel , Cao Yang , Xu Guofu , Guerboukha Hichem , Nerguizian Chahé , Skorobogatiy Maksim 
Published: August 2020

Terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) is the next frontier for ultra-high-speed communication systems. Currently, most of communications research in this spectral range is focused on wireless systems, while waveguide/fiber-based links have been less explored. Although free space communications have several advantages such as convenience in mobility for the end user, as well as easier multi-device interconnectivity in simple environments, fiber-based communications provide superior performance in certain short-range communication applications such as multi-device connectivity in complex geometrical environments (ex., intra-vehicle connectivity) and secure communications with low probability of eavesdropping, as well as secure signal delivery to hard-to-reach or highly protected environments. In this work, we present an in-depth experimental and numerical study of the short-range THz communications links that use subwavelength dielectric fibers for information transmission and define the main challenges and trade-offs in the link implementation. Particularly, we use air or foam-cladded polypropylene-core subwavelength dielectric THz fibers of various diameters (0.57–1.75 mm) to study link performance as a function of the link length of up to

∼
10

m

, and data bit rates of up to 6 Gbps at the carrier frequency of 128 GHz (2.34 mm wavelength). We find that depending on the fiber diameter, the quality of the transmitted signal is mostly limited either by the modal propagation loss or by the fiber velocity dispersion (GVD). An error-free transmission over 10 m is achieved for the bit rate of 4 Gbps using the fiber of smaller 0.57 mm diameter. Furthermore, since the fields of subwavelength fibers are weakly confined and extend deep into the air cladding, we study the modal field extent outside of the fiber core, as well as fiber bending loss. Finally, the power budget of the rod-in-air subwavelength THz fiber-based links is compared to that of free space communication links, and we demonstrate that fiber links offer an excellent solution for various short-range applications.
Hepatic Abscess: A Rare Presentation of Sump Syndrome After Choledochojejunostomy
Authors: Kim Hyaehwan , Triplett Drew , Kauffman Shannon , Beck Gregory 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Sump syndrome is a rare complication of choledochoenterotomy. Patients with sump syndrome often have abdominal pain, recurrent cholangitis, pancreatitis, malabsorption, fever, an abnormal liver function test, and, rarely, hepatic abscess. Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy or hepaticojejunostomy has been advocated to prevent sump syndrome. We report an 80-year-old man who presented with a hepatic abscess secondary to sump syndrome 26 years after a Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy for recurrent cholangitis. Sump syndrome should be considered for patients who underwent biliary diversion surgery, regardless of the type of procedure or time from surgery.
Narzędzia web 2.0 w codziennej pracy nauczyciela języków obcych
Authors: Górska Weronika 
Published: August 2020

This article presents the possibility of using online resources with special regard to web 2.0. Using the example of given project carried out in the language school on students taking part in a one-year (120h) language course, the author shows how New Technologies can be used for the development of the students’ skills. In conclusion the author presents some implications of the project, worth considering by teachers.
“Technologia sama w sobie nie zmieni edukacji, liczy, się to jak jest użyta.”J. Haymore Sandholtz, C. Ringstaff, D. C. Dwyer Teachers College Press (1997: 10)
Kajian Filologis Kajian Flologis Serat Pangrembag Ewah-ewahan Rarantaman Arta ing Taun 1925 Karembag ing Wulan Dhesember 1924
Authors: Fatimah Amah , N. Yusro Edy 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Manuscript fiber Pangrembag Ewah-ewahan Rarantaman Arta ing Taun 1925 Karembag ing Wulan Dhesember 1924 is one of the collections of manuscripts of state documents on the financial budget that is stored in the Museum Radya Pustaka Surakarta. Manuscript Pangrembag Ewah-ewahan Rarantaman Arta ing Taun 1925 Karembag ing Wulan Dhesember 1924 has RP number 129-1 and is 22 pages. This manuscript is written using Javanese krama inggil language with inserted Javanese-Dutch absorption language. The purpose of this study presents the text ranging from the description of manuscripts, transliteration, text edits and the apparatus of criticism and translation. Research data is manuscripts Pangrembag Ewah-ewahan Rarantaman Arta ing Taun 1925Karembag ing Wulan Dhesember 1924. The method of research is a single standard edition script method. As for the translation of the text using free translation, so that the results of the translation easily understood by the reader. The results of this research is a valid edition of the text according to philological studies. There is also a critical and translation apparatus in Indonesian form.

Key words : Philology, Rarantaman Arta, Text.