bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of Papercrete Concrete Containing Crushed Concrete Waste As Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Alshahwany Rana Burhan , Wadie Revan N , Mohammed Zena A , Ahmed S Ana’s 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Researches on the effect of waste recycling in the concrete industry are increasing due to its low cost as well as considering it as a significant method for protecting the environment by minimizing solid waste. This research evaluates the possibility of using concrete waste as partial replacement with coarse aggregate in Papercrete, and its effect on some concrete properties which include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and heating resistance. Wasted paper used in this study as an additional material with three various ratios (5%, 10% and 15% by weight of cement) was mixed with concrete which have 0, 10%, 20% and 30% of concrete waste as a partial replacement of the coarse aggregate to produce twelve concrete mixtures. As compared with the plain mixture, it was found that workability decreasing with the increasing of both wasted paper and wasted concrete content. The study illustrated that the optimum percentage of adding wasted paper and wasted concrete replacement are 5% and 10% respectively, due to increasing in both compressive and tensile strength by 11.99% and 13.54% respectively compared with the plain mix. The residual strength of concrete after heat exposure was affected significantly by the increasing of wasted paper content.
Show the Potential of Agisoft Photoscan Software to Create a 3D Model for Salhiyah Residential Complex in Baghdad Based on Aerial Photos
Authors: Jebur Ahmed Kareem , Tayeb Fatima Asaad , Jawad Zainab Sahib 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research includes the use of aerial photos that taken by metric camera for the constructing 3D digital models, because of these models have developed significantly and increase demands to meet the requirements of several applications. The credibility of these models is essentially depending on the methods of data processing, tools that adopted for solution and quality of data. Whereas in this research automatic method was utilized for data processing, the 3D coordinates identification and extraction of the 3D model. Several software’s can be utilized for data processing and the 3D coordinates identification such as Agisoft Photoscan software. To examine the accuracy and the reliability of the results of this software for precise 3D modeling applications, the results were evaluated based on statistical methods. To achieve this aim, The study was done in Baghdad / Salhiyah Residential Complex using data collected by an airborne metric camera with 911.82 m height of flying. To evaluating the final accuracy of a 3D digital model, an evaluation process were done based on the height of some different buildings distributed in the study area was implemented. Whereas the final accuracy of the 3D model based on the root mean square error (RMSE) was equal to (0.277m).
Prediction the Locations of Future Earthquakes in Eastern Part of Iraq Using GIS Techniques
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Jasim Ahmed , Hamdoon Rana Mozahim , Yosief Fatin Janan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An earthquake is a natural phenomenon and natural catastrophe. It can cause massive damage and losses of life. Future prediction of natural catastrophes such as earthquakes can minimize their risks and save people lives and properties. GIS can be very essential for predicting and estimating a future earthquake. Thus, this study is dedicated to predict the locations of future earthquakes in the eastern part of Iraq using GIS techniques. The study involves establishing a GIS database (DB) of the previous earthquake in the period (1985 - 2015), identifying the parameters that a map layers of all parameters (factors) which are responsible on occurring earthquakes, and using GIS techniques to identify and predict the locations of the future earthquakes.
This research is accomplished through a number of essential stages. These are data gathering, data processing and data analyzing. The gathered data among the period of the study (from 1985 to 2015) was classified into three stages ((1985-1995), (1996-2005), and (2006 to 2015) to distinguish a fine details of past earthquakes easily and precisely. The results show that GIS is a powerful tool that can provide an accurate prediction of upcoming natural phenomena such as earthquakes. This can evaluate earthquake hazards and raise the awareness of the government to save people’s lives, properties and infrastructures against the possible future earthquakes and the accuracy assessment processes reveals that about 80% of coming quakes happened where they expected (very close to the prediction seismic line).
Influences of Eggshell Powder to reduce the collapse of soil gypsum
Authors: Abdulrahman Shaimaa M. , Ihsan Elaf Abd Al-Azal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Failure of different buildings built in the regions of gypsums soils in Iraq, particularly in the last three decades lead to find strategic projects to solve this problem. for this purpose, selected regions of gypsums soils in Iraq to study and find conclusions of gypsum. The investigational work includes testing of collapse soil before and after mixing gypsum soil with deferent percentage of eggshells powder (4%,8%,12%, 16% and 24%) and the cruelty the collapse potential classification. the soil before mixing is considered as Severe trouble, while after mixing the soil become no problem at 16% of eggshells powder.
Production of Lightweight Geometries Geopolymer Concrete Blocks
Authors: Nasser I F , Khalil W I , Abbas WA 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this research two differences geometries of geopolymer lightweight concrete masonry units (GPLWCMUs) were produced. According to the Iraqi Standard No.1077/1987, the GPLWCMUs type I are classified as solid masonry units class A, that are used both in the interior and exterior walls which exposed to calamity effects. As concerned to GPLWCMUs type II, they are classified as hollow masonry units class B, which can be used in the constructions above ground level but not exposed to calamity effects. The density for the two types were 1575, 1350 kg/m3 respectively, whereas water absorption and compressive strength for the two types ranged from 6-7.5%, and 13 MPa and 5 MPa. As a result: the two GPLWCMUs can be classified as lightweight units because they complain the Iraqi Standard No. 1129 for the year 1990.
Estimating the Adequate Observation Times of a Single GNSS Receiver by Utilizing Online Processing Services
Authors: Satchet Murtadha S. , Wanas Sajad K. , Jaber Abbas S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have witnessed rapid developments in the field of online post-processing services and the abundance of continuously operating reference stations (CORS), which reflected on facilitating the tasks of surveyors, engineers and geoscientists. However, the sufficient time for observations to achieve a certain level of accuracy is still one of the main concerns for researchers and specialists. In this study, the geometry of a short-sides triangle has been employed to estimate the sufficient observing times of GNSS receivers throughout the online processing services. The short-sides triangle vertices were observed for 24 hours and partitioned into shorter periods of time, then GPS and GLONASS have been processed as well as GPS alone after filtering out the GLONASS observables. Datasets have been processed using online post-processing services, i.e. AUSPOS and CSRS-PPP. A number of propagation error models have been applied to investigate the station accuracy behaviour. the results have revealed that RMS errors of 1 cm can be achieved after two hours for horizontal component and three hours for the vertical component. Furthermore, including GLONASS satellites is playing a role to enhance accuracy especially in short observation times.
Reduction the traffic congestion-induced vehicle emission by construction new road: Case Study in Baghdad City
Authors: Attab Farah Salah , Banyhussan Qais Sahib 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNumerous regions in the city of Baghdad experience the congestion and traffic problems. The study area is located at Karkh side in Baghdad City. The geographical area situated among several streets; 14th July Street (section in Ring road No. 1), Demishq Street, Mansure Street and 14th Ramadan Street. The main intersections in these streets are; Shaljya Intersection, Demishq Intersection, Dilal Intersection, Gailani intersection, and Topji Intersection. The proposed road starts from the Gailani intersection and jointed with 14th July Street (Ring road No. 1) with length (1.9 Km). The study area is facing a low level of service during traffic congestion resulting from an inefficient and poor road network. The main purpose is to study constructing a new road to reduce the environmental and congestion impacts on the transportation system at selected roads. The percentages of expected generated traffic that will be serviced in the suggested rout are 23% and 52 % from the peak hourly volume counting in location 1 (Shaljya Intersection). On the other hand, at location 2 (Demishq Intersection), the percentages of generated traffic transported to the suggested rout are 22% and 23%. By using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), the required lanes for the suggested road are 3 lanes for each direction. According to findings, construction of the suggested road is important to improve the road network in term the traffic and reduction the vehicle emissions at present routs.
Water Supply System Assessment in Urban Areas Using Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of Baghdad City
Authors: Hasan Raed Razzaq , Alwan Kareem Hassan , Mohammed Hussein Darweesh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study shows, how to linked GPS, RS, LiDAR and GIS mapping facilities of urban distribute network, positioning of the water projects and the storage water reservoirs for the water supply systems, with consideration of the earth’s surface properties, land-use change and ownership. Moreover, the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) with Remote Sensing imagery in surveying, modernizing and developing Baghdad city complex water supply network is discussed. The data of land-use and current water supply system was generated using the Quick Bird Satellite Image (0.6m resolution data, 2015) with a map of the city of Baghdad at scale 1:25000 and field update survey. The necessary water supply system maps and data were collected from the Mayoralty of Baghdad (MoB). The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the contour map were generated from the LiDAR point cloud. All these techniques and geospatial data were mapped and analyzed in ArcGIS 10.2.2 software. The outputs of the study were the water distribution network with the position of projects, reservoirs, pipelines, etc. The interpretation of the geospatial database with analytical tools allowed the water distribution network to be planned more economically and effectively.
Identify the main factors affecting labor productivity within different organizational structures in the Iraqi construction sector
Authors: Al-Rubaye Zahraa R A , Mahjoob Ahmed Mohammed Raoof 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe construction sector in Iraq has faced many challenges. One of the major challenges is the lack of productivity of laborers who are working construction sites. Although research studies have been conducted to investigate, explore, and identify factors influencing labor productivity in the Middle-east region, the lack of such research studies to address these challenges in Iraq. This motivates the researcher to explore and identify the key factors affecting labor productivity in construction sites across different organizational structures (Matrix, Projectized, and functional). A survey questionnaire has been conducted using Delphi technique in order to achieve a concrete and reliable view of the major factors influencing labor productivity in Iraq. Twenty-four experts from different construction sectors have participated in Delphi rounds. In addition, a total of 110 factors affecting labor productivity is considered in this study. The main findings of this study show a correlation between some of the identified factors and characteristics of the organizational structures. The poor communication and management of the construction site, lack of communication and coordination between construction parties, size and arrangement of the construction crew, on-time payment, and motivational program factors were found to be highly correlated with the characteristics of the selected organizational structures. Also, the study shows that explosive remnants and dangerous construction sites due to terrorist attacks are very influential factors on labor productivity.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of high-strength concrete with sustainable materials
Authors: Ali Ahmed A Mohammed , Zidan Roua Suhail , Al-Eliwi Baraa J M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research deals with green concrete which is defined as environmental-friendly material that contains the waste material, and its production does not cause environmental pollution. Also, it has high performance and life sustainability. In this investigation, the effect of the curing period on the properties of green concrete made with different percentages of fly ash and recycled coarse aggregate has been studied. Nine mixtures with varying percentages of replacement of fly ash (25% and 50%) and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) (25% and 50%) were prepared. In addition to the control mixture with 100% ordinary Portland cement and 100% normal coarse aggregate to compare the results. The standard concrete cylinders (150 x 300 mm) and cubes (150 x150 x150 mm) were prepared and tested at different ages (7, 14, 28, and 60 days) to get the compressive strength, splitting strength, and modulus of elasticity. The results showed that no noticeable effect on the cementing efficiency of fly ash if its replacement ratio has no more than 50% of cement, as well as, recycled coarse aggregate has no significant effect on concrete strengths when the replacement ratio of natural aggregate less than 50%.
Physical and mechanical properties of sawdust cement mortar treated with hypochlorite
Authors: Hassen Sawsan Abdullah , Hameed Sumeyah Assim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study properties of cement mortar containing sawdust have been studied. Different percentages of sawdust have been used as (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) of the total volume of dry contents. Sawdust used has been collected as a by-product of carpentry factories and has been used in three ways: first pure sawdust second treated with hypochlorite without washing and the third is treated with hypochlorite and washed with water and dried. Compressive strength test has been performed at 7 days and 28 days, while flexural strength, dry density and absorption have been performed at 28 days. The results showed an enhancement of compressive strength, decrease in dry density and absorption for the mortar containing treated and washed sawdust with the increase of sawdust content in the mixture.
The impact of urban planning on the sustainable development of archaeological sites studying the role of culture in the urban planning of Nasiriyah city and the archaeological site of Ur
Authors: Hussain Kamil Y , Al-timim Sophia R Ali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cities have been at the center of initiatives to integrate culture into sustainable planning since the beginning of the new millennium. the culture, which is an invaluable tool, has been ignored in the three-pillar sustainability model. In recent years, the role of culture in sustainability or sustainable development has emerged and contexts and the rise of the “four pillars” model of sustainability in a number of countries. Paper seeks to integrate the concept of culture in the models of planning in general and urban planning in particular, which emerge as effective ways to move towards a society that embodies the values of its citizens and takes into account the cultural heritage of the region through the analysis of the urban planning project of the city of Nasiriyah as a city of culture and the impact of this planning on the site of the archaeological city of Ur in terms of sustainability and development. The main conclusion is the follow this type of planning knowledge and practice as being the most appropriate and effective for the planning process under the type of local authorities and democratic practices, i.e. dealing with the planning problem as a unique and special case to use it.
Seismic Performance of Composite Simply Supported Bridge Decks during Real Earthquake
Authors: Rubaee Sara k Al , Rahman Ammar A Abdul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the overall response of traditional bridge decks in Iraq under real earthquake excitation already happened in the area. The bridge deck under investigation is of Al Bathah overpass expressway located in the south of Iraq at Al Nasiriya city. Al Bathah Bridge deck is a composite simply supported consist of seven built-up steel girders and reinforced concrete slab. Three-dimensional finite element models of composite simply supported bridge deck was created using CSI Bridge and ABAQUS software. Time history analysis conducted using the Halabja earthquake hit the Iraq-Iran border on 12 Nov. 2017. The finding of this study revealed that the typical bridge deck in Iraq will fail to withstand the transverse earthquake excitation under intensity already happened. The connection epoxy layers between the elastomeric bearing pads and girders will fail due to the excessive transverse displacement at bearings. Consequently, the girders slip from their position and the deck will fail.
The Connotation of Tectonics in Architectural Theory
Authors: Al-Alwan Hoda , Mahmood Yusur B 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTectonics is one of the most essential topics in architectural theory that refers to various qualities of architecture. It resembles the integration of structure and construction, the application of technical aspects, and the attention to detail creativity in a harmonious and systematic way that reflects the cultural and aesthetic qualities, and relates to different aspects of skills, methods, materials and proportions. With the introduction of the computer into the architectural design process, theories of architecture became more influenced by the possibilities of this tool. Classical tectonics had included digital aids to create a new version of tectonics known as Digital tectonics, which is an integrated process that resembles a new way of thinking about architecture to easily define the dynamic state of digital production. The paper aims to explore the connotation of tectonics (the classical and the digital) in architectural theory and its role as an art of construction and artistic design.
Assessment of surface urban heat island intensity and its causes in the city of Baghdad
Authors: Abdulateef Maryam F , Al-Alwan Hoda A S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recently, the differences in land surface temperature (LST) between urban and rural areas became more evident causing the formation of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI). The research aims to investigate the current intensity of Baghdad SUHI and determines its growing state over time. It also aims to identify the causes of this phenomenon. To find out Baghdad SUHI, the maps of LST and land use classes were assessed. This assessment was conducted by using remote sensing techniques which include the processing of Landsat 8 images in GIS ArcMap. The satellite image was acquired in July 2018. LST map was obtained by processing thermal band 10, while the land use map was identified by using the maximum likelihood classification of optical bands 1-7 of the satellite image. The results show that the maximum LST difference between Baghdad soil and built-up areas and Baghdad vegetated and water areas was about 17C°. Compared with the results of previous studies, it was found that Baghdad SUHI had significantly increased over time. The research also identified SUHI causes which include the gradual loss of vegetated and water areas, the low albedo materials, the modern grid pattern and the increase of anthropogenic heat release.
Ecological urban space
Authors: Rahma Marwa Talib , Al-Neaimi Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Interventions in the urban environment at the local and global level, have led the urban designer to use ecological principles in urban space design and economy with resources and energies, to minimize the negative impact on the urban environment and to explore how the signature of the urban space elements should harmonized and formed, to suit the local character. The problem of the research is the lack of a clear perception of the common characteristics of the urban ecological environment. Thus, the goal of the research is to reveal the characteristics of urban ecological environments and ecological design principles, which gain it these qualities. Therefor there is an imposition of a number of ecological characteristics, necessary to achieve the ecological structure of the urban environment. So that the research methodology represented in, the theoretical presentation of the urban ecology concept and the extraction of the theoretical framework were at several levels. Which in turn contain a set of concepts and indicators related to urban ecological characteristics, on which the elected examples were measured and that led to reach the conclusions.
Crisis of Upgrading Poor Urban Environment;Urban Development Projects of Sustaining Communities Ecological urban space
Authors: Al-Neaimi Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A society in crisis presents both a challenge and an opportunity, that’s why the sustainability of communities finds itself today forced to represents an integral challenge to the economy, the institutions, and the values of its society. At the same time, it provides an opportunity for changing structures that no longer work particularly for the needs of the most excluded and poorest who are often marginalized. Another manifestation of crisis is the emergence of desolated urban built environment, a phenomenon linked to a breakdown in ingredients of life as well as rules of human, social behaviors. This research aims to clear out the causes of the Deterioration in the physical urban environment of the city, and present the experiment of the development of the City of Baghdad to some local communities as a way of achieving upgrading urban built environment to these local communities with a view to sustaining socially. In order to create sustaining communities, the solution lies in the uses of the participatory urban appraisal methodology, Finally, the research has attain conclusion that; Since urban development has always been a key aspect of local community cooperation to achieve Qualitative upgrading, the urban appraisal methodology for completion upgrading urban built environment for sustaining community should diagnose the variables of many aspects: political, economical, social, technological, and ecological and taking them into consideration in the development urban projects to show a model capable to repeat in futuristic projects.