bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental and physical therapy faculty collaborate in assessing and educating dental students on musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Santucci Noëlle M. , Jellin Justin , Davenport Todd E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionResearch shows 54% to 93% of practicing dentists suffer from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), with many developing afflictions early in their careers. Studies also show that dental students are developing MSDs early in their professional education.ObjectiveThe research goal was to quantify the prevalence, anatomical location and initial onset of MSDs among first‐year dental students. The study also assessed the students’ self‐reported opinion as to whether there were enough educational touchpoints to improve their ergonomics in daily activities.MethodsAt the conclusion of a 9‐month preclinical restorative course, that included 2 lectures on MSDs, ergonomics, and postural cueing sessions, a dental and physical therapy faculty member administered a survey to 143 first‐year dental students. This survey included questions about the history and presentation of the students’ MSD symptoms and their opinion on the relative value of the educational interventions.ResultsThere was a 96.5% response rate to the survey with 87.8% of students reporting mild to moderate pain. The cervical spine (41.7%) and hands (42.4%) were the most common areas afflicted. 55.4% reported pain commencing 1 month after starting in the simulation clinic. Over 60.9% of students “agreed” or “somewhat agreed” that the 2 sessions of hands‐on ergonomic educational interventions resulted in improved biomechanics and students requested additional educational resources.ConclusionDental students are developing MSDs as soon as 1 month after commencing dental school. Dental education should include ongoing ergonomic training throughout the curriculum to help students prevent MSDs.
A survey of χ‐boundedness
Authors: Scott Alex , Seymour Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIf a graph has bounded clique number and sufficiently large chromatic number, what can we say about its induced subgraphs? András Gyárfás made a number of challenging conjectures about this in the early 1980s, which have remained open until recently; but in the last few years there has been substantial progress. This is a survey of where we are now.
Financial Inclusion, Nutrition and Socio‐Economic Status Among Rural Households in Guruve and Mount Darwin Districts, Zimbabwe
Authors: Murendo Conrad , Murenje Gamuchirai , Chivenge Pepukai Prince , Mtetwa Rumbidzai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article assessed the association between financial inclusion and nutrition among 987 rural households in two districts of Zimbabwe. Poisson and negative binomial regressions were used for model estimations. Financial inclusion increased dietary diversity and food consumption by 12 and 14 per cent, respectively. Using concentration indices, our results show pro‐rich advantages in financial inclusion and household nutrition. Promoting inclusive financial services among rural and poorer households is crucial. This can be achieved through establishing microfinance and agency banking in rural areas. Promoting pro‐poor financial inclusion strategies, for example reduction of transaction and banking fees, is important to enhance equity. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the effect of dietary intake of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on trauma‐induced white matter injury with quantitative diffusion MRI in mice
Authors: Reyes Laura D. , Haight Thaddeus , Desai Abhishek , Chen Huazhen , Bosomtwi Asamoah , Korotcov Alexandru , Dardzinski Bernard , Kim Hee‐Yong , Pierpaoli Carlo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that long‐term supplementation and dietary intake of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may have neuroprotective effects following brain injury. The objective of this study was to investigate potential neuroprotective effects of omega‐3 PUFAs on white matter following closed‐head trauma. The closed‐head injury model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) produces a reproducible injury in the optic tract and brachium of the superior colliculus in mice. Damage is detectable using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, particularly fractional anisotropy (FA), with sensitivity comparable to histology. We acquired in vivo (n = 38) and ex vivo (n = 41) DTI data in mice divided into sham and CHIMERA groups with two dietary groups: one deficient in omega‐3 PUFAs and one adequate in omega‐3 PUFAs. We examined injury effects (reduction in FA) and neuroprotection (FA reduction modulated by diet) in the optic tract and brachium. We verified that diet did not affect FA in sham animals. In injured animals, we found significantly reduced FA in the optic tract and brachium (~10% reduction, p < 0.001), and Bayes factor analysis showed strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis. However, Bayes factor analysis showed substantial evidence to accept the null hypothesis of no diet‐related FA differences in injured animals in the in vivo and ex vivo samples. Our results indicate no neuroprotective effect from adequate dietary omega‐3 PUFA intake on white matter damage following traumatic brain injury. Since damage from CHIMERA mainly affects white matter, our results do not necessarily contradict previous findings showing omega‐3 PUFA‐mediated neuroprotection in gray matter.
How Does Art Viewing Inspires Creativity?
Authors: Ishiguro Chiaki , Okada Takeshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProfessional and amateur artists seek inspiration from viewing the works of others to enhance their creativity. This paper focuses on inspiration for artistic creation through art viewing by reviewing psychology studies on what types of artwork promote individuals’ inspiration for creation (inspiring artwork) and how they experience inspiration through their art appreciation (the appreciation process). In particular, we claim that a dual focus—that is a focus on both evaluating the artworks of others and reflecting on one's own art making—is a core mechanism for inspiration. Further, we present a theoretical framework to explain the types of creative outcomes expected in line with such a dual focus.
Nanopipette‐based electrochemical SERS platforms: Using electrodeposition to produce versatile and adaptable plasmonic substrates
Authors: Brasiliense Vitor , Park Ji Eun , Chen Zhu , Van Duyne Richard P. , Schatz George C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA method for fabricating localized EC‐SERS probes based on nanopipettes and electrodeposition is described. Gold particles of fractal geometry with excellent SERS performance are produced, reliably and at low cost. By adapting the electrodeposition procedure, nanostructures of different sizes can be obtained, allowing the SERS platform to be tailored to many experimental configurations. In particular, by producing unique SERS platforms of dimensions comparable to the laser spot, quantitative comparison with electrochemical current is possible. By analyzing hundreds of samples, we thoroughly characterize the resulting geometry of the structures and their ability to enhance Raman signal, providing guidelines for the fabrication of optimized platforms. Control over the probes' surface potential also allows convenient modulation of surface‐analyte affinity and enable chemically unstable materials, such as Cu, to be reliably used. These are demonstrated by showing that Cu particles exposed to air can be easily re‐reduced, with no detriment in SERS performance.
Artichoke cv. Francés flower extract as a rennet substitute: effect on textural, microstructural, microbiological, antioxidant properties, and sensory acceptance of miniature cheeses
Authors: Colombo M Laura , Cimino Cecilia V , Bruno Mariela A , Hugo Ayelen , Liggieri Constanza , Fernández Agustina , Vairo‐Cavalli Sandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe most common milk‐clotting enzymes in the cheese industry are recombinant chymosins. Food naturalness is a factor underpinning consumers' food choice. For consumers who avoid food with ingredients from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), the use of vegetable‐based rennet substitute in the cheese formulation may be a suitable solution. Artichokes that deviate from optimal products, when allowed to bloom due to flower protease composition, are excellent as raw material for vegetable rennet preparation. As enzymatic milk clotting exerts a significant impact on the characteristics of the final product, this product should be studied carefully.RESULTSMature flowers from unharvested artichokes (Cynara scolymus cv. Francés) that did not meet aesthetic standards for commercialization were collected and used to prepare a flower extract. This extract, as a coagulant preparation, enabled the manufacture of cheeses with distinctive characteristics compared with cheeses prepared with chymosin. Rennet substitution did not affect the actual yield but led to significant changes in dry matter yield, humidity, water activity, protein content, and color, and conferred antioxidant activity to the cheeses. The rennet substitution promoted significant modifications in springiness, and in the microstructure of the cheese, with a more porous protein matrix and an increment in the size of the fat globules. Both formulations showed a similar microbiota evolution pattern with excellent microbiological quality and good sensory acceptance.CONCLUSIONSThe rennet substitute studied here produced a cheese adapted to specific market segments that demand more natural and healthier products made with a commitment to the environment but well accepted by a general cheese consumer. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics analysis of metabolites in commercial and inoculated pickles
Authors: Yun Lin , Mao Bingyong , Cui Shumao , Tang Xin , Zhang Hao , Zhao Jianxin , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDStarter cultures are nowadays more and more used to make inoculated pickles (IPs), but it remains unclear whether there are differences in flavors between IPs and naturally fermented pickles. In this study 16 commercial pickles (CPs) produced by spontaneous fermentation method were purchased from markets in Sichuan province and Chongqing. Ten strains of three lactic acid bacteria species – Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Pediococcus ethanolidurans – were selected as single starter cultures to produce IPs.RESULTSDifferences in flavor components between the CPs and IPs were monitored using a combination of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical methods. Higher levels of nonvolatile substances such as glucose, fructose, tagatose, sucrose, lactic acid and mannitol were detected in most IPs than in the CPs. The values of flavor characteristics such as sweetness, umami and astringency, which were correlated positively with consumers' overall preferences for pickles, were higher in the IPs than in the CPs. Volatile compounds such as geranyl acetate, dimethyl trisulfide, eucalyptol and linalool were distinguished as the main compounds that contributed to the flavor characteristics of the CPs. In addition to dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl disulfide was also an odor contributor to the IPs.CONCLUSIONSThe CPs and IPs had different flavor characteristics, especially in the composition and content of volatile components, and the inoculation method reflected some fermentation advantages, which could reduce the bitterness and increase umami and lead to a higher score of sensory preference. This will be helpful for industrial production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatial Ecology and Resource Selection of Eastern Box Turtles
Authors: Harris Katie A. , Clark Joseph D. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Harper Craig A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTEastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) are widely distributed throughout the eastern United States. Although once common throughout much of its distribution, the species has experienced declines in local populations. Understanding resource selection is important for the conservation of this species; however, few data exist on resource selection for eastern box turtles in the southeastern United States. We estimated home range and resource selection for 100 individual turtles in the Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, and Cumberland Plateau and Mountains physiographic regions in Tennessee, USA, from 2016 to 2018. We used step‐selection functions to investigate eastern box turtle resource selection during May–August 2017 and May–August 2018 at 2 spatial scales. We classified vegetation type, measured vegetation composition and structure, recorded time since fire, and measured coarse woody debris abundance at 1,225 used telemetry locations and 1,225 associated available points. Home range sizes averaged 9.3 ha ± 3.0 (SE) using minimum convex polygon analysis, 8.25 ha ± 2.88 using 95% kernel density analysis, and 1.50 ha ± 0.56 using 50% kernel density analysis. Box turtles selected areas with greater visual obstruction at the 0–0.25‐m level, greater amounts of 10‐hour and 100‐hour fuels (timelag categories used in fire‐danger ratings), and greater litter depths compared to available locations. Box turtles were more likely to select areas with greater cover of brambles and coarser woody debris and were less likely to select areas with less vegetation cover. Vegetation type and time since last fire did not affect selection. Our data suggest that management activities that encourage greater understory vegetation cover, greater visual obstruction at the 0–0.25‐m level, and greater bramble cover will enhance habitat quality for eastern box turtles. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Outcomes in N3 Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Role of Upfront Neck Dissection
Authors: Boros Angela , Blanchard Pierre , Dade Arlette , Gorphe Philippe , Breuskin Ingrid , Even Caroline , Nguyen France , Deutsch Eric , Bidault François , Janot François , Temam Stephane , Mirghani Haitham , Tao Yungan 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesWe investigated the prognostic factor of N3 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including the role of upfront neck dissection (UFND) before radiotherapy (RT).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive N3 HNSCC patients treated with curative intent RT.ResultsIn the study, 323 N3 HNSCC patients were included. Of those, 125 patients (39%) had UFND. Median follow‐up was 3.9 years (0–14.8 years). Overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 31.2%, and progression‐free survival (PFS) was 26%. In the multivariate analysis, OS was improved in PS 0, T1‐2 tumors, patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy, never or former smokers, and UFND. UFND was strongly associated with increased OS (45.7% vs. 21.2%, P < .001), and PFS (P < .001). Regardless of neck node size, UFND improved survival (P = .001 for ≤ 7 cm and P = .004 for > 7 cm).ConclusionUFND could improve treatment outcomes in N3 HNSCC, especially for non‐oropharyngeal cancer, regardless of neck node size.Level of Evidence2B Laryngoscope, 131:E844–E850, 2021
Novel mutations in the PLCZ1 gene associated with human low or failed fertilization
Authors: Yuan Ping , Zheng Lingyan , Liang Hao , Lin Qiyuan , Ou Songbang , Zhu Yuqin , Lai Luhua , Zhang Qingxue , He Zuyong , Wang Wenjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFertilization failure (FF) is a complex reproductive disorder characterized by the failure of pronuclei formation during fertilization. In addition to some cases caused by iatrogenic problems and known genetic factors, there are still many unexplained aspects of FF. Here, we aimed to assess the clinical and genetic characteristics of two families experiencing primary infertility with FF.MethodsWe have characterized two families from China. All of the infertile couples presented with similar clinical phenotypes, that is, partial or total fertilization failure in repeated cycles. We performed Sanger sequencing of their WEE2, TLE6, and PLCZ1 genes, and further bioinformatics and functional analyses were performed to identify the pathogenic elements of the variants.ResultsWe identified novel compound heterozygous mutations c.1259C>T (p.P420L) and c.1733T>C (p.M578T) in the PLCZ1 gene in a male patient of family 1 with total fertilization failure, and another novel homozygous mutation c.1727T>C (p.L576P) in the same gene in a male patient of family 2 with partial fertilization failure. These three novel mutations were absent in the control cohort and in the databases. The amino acids were conserved at their positions among six different species. All mutant amino acids were located in key domains and were predicted to impair hydrolytic activity and lead to PLCZ1 dysfunction. Further functional detection revealed that the three mutations could significantly impair the catalytic activity of PLCZ1.ConclusionsWe identified three novel mutations in PLCZ1 associated with partial and total fertilization failure and have provided new evidence about the genetic basis of FF.
Copy number analysis of meiotic and postzygotic mitotic aneuploidies in trophectoderm cells biopsied at the blastocyst stage and arrested embryos
Authors: Handyside Alan H. , McCollin Abeo , Summers Michael C. , Ottolini Christian S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPreimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) by copy number analysis is now widely used to select euploid embryos for transfer. Whole or partial chromosome aneuploidy can arise in meiosis, predominantly female meiosis, or in the postzygotic, mitotic divisions during cleavage and blastocyst formation, resulting in chromosome mosaicism. Meiotic aneuploidies are almost always lethal, however, the clinical significance of mitotic aneuploidies detected by PGT‐A is not fully understood and healthy live births have been reported following transfer of mosaic embryos. Here, we used single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of both polar bodies and embryo samples to identify meiotic aneuploidies and compared copy number changes for meiotic and presumed mitotic aneuploidies in trophectoderm cells biopsied at the blastocyst stage and arrested embryos. PGT‐A detected corresponding full copy number changes (≥70%) for 36/37 (97%) maternal meiotic aneuploidies. The number of presumed mitotic copy number changes detected exceeded those of meiotic origin. Although mainly in the mosaic range, some of these mitotic aneuploidies had copy number changes ≥70% and would have been identified as full aneuploidies. Interestingly, many arrested embryos had multiple mitotic aneuploidies across a broad range of copy number changes, which may have arisen through tripolar spindle and other mitotic abnormalities.
Raine syndrome: Prenatal diagnosis based on recognizable fetal facial features and characteristic intracranial calcification
Authors: El‐Dessouky Sara H. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Abdel‐Ghafar Sherif F. , Aboulghar Mona M. , Gaafar Hassan M. , Fouad Mona , Ahmed Adel H. , Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the facial morphology and the pattern of internal malformations in three fetuses with RS born to first cousins of Egyptian decent.MethodsThe fetal ultrasonography findings were highly suggestive of RS leading to targeted Sanger sequencing ofFAM20Cand postnatal assessment.ResultsThe prenatal ultrasound findings of osteosclerotic skull, exorbitism, hypoplastic nose, midface hypoplasia, small mouth with down‐curved corners, and a distinct and recognizable pattern of intracranial calcification were identified in three fetuses with RS. The calcifications were evident specifically around the corpus callosum and/or ventricular walls. Ectopic renal and hepatic calcifications, pulmonary hypoplasia, mild rhizomelic shortening of the upper limbs, intrauterine fractures, and cerebellar hypoplasia were also noted. Molecular analysis identified three novel homozygous variants, two frameshift: [c.456delC (p.Gly153Alafs*34)] in exon 1 and [c.905delT (Phe302Serfs*35)] in exon 4 and one nonsense mutation in exon 10, [c.1557C>G(p.Tyrs519*)]. The three variants were segregated with the phenotype. This is the first description of a phenotype associated with homozygous truncating variants ofFAM20C.ConclusionRS has characteristic prenatal ultrasound findings which can improve the prenatal identification of this condition and help in guiding the molecular diagnosis and counseling.
The effect of thermal treatment on the properties of expanded polystyrene
Authors: Ellouze Ameni , Jesson David , Ben Cheikh Ridha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExpanded polystyrene (EPS) is a commonly used polymer in the packaging industry and for the thermal insulation of buildings. It has poor mechanical properties, which limit its application in some areas. A heat treatment was carried out on a sample of EPS, in order to improve its mechanical properties. The treatment consists of operations that combine the heating and cooling of the material. It is executed to improve the characteristics of the treated polymer and make it more favorable for use in new applications. In the case of EPS, this process changes the behavior of the polymer in a beneficial manner and maximizes its density and hardness. Indeed, the treated version shows interesting mechanical, tribological, and hygroscopic properties. This improvement was obtained mainly due to the morphological modification of the structure of EPS. Indeed, heat treatment leads to the creation of a polystyrene crust, which covers every EPS bead. This crust protects the cell structure of each bead against stretching and supports most of the load applied to the treated version of EPS. Thus, the treated EPS can be used not only for packaging and thermal insulation but also for more structural applications.
Effect of enzymatic versus titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst on crystal structure of ‘green’ poly[(butylene succinate)‐co‐(dilinoleic succinate)] copolymers
Authors: Sokołowska Martyna , Stachowska Ewa , Czaplicka Michalina , El Fray Miroslawa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFocusing on an eco‐friendly approach, biodegradable poly[(butylene succinate)‐co‐(dilinoleic succinate)] (PBS‐DLS) copolymers with 70:30 (wt%) ratio of hard to soft segments were successfully synthesized via various processes and catalytic systems. In this approach, biobased succinate was polymerized with renewable 1,4‐butanediol and dimer linoleic diol to obtain ‘green’ copolyesters as sustainable alternatives to petroleum‐based materials. In the first procedure, a two‐step synthesis in diphenyl ether was performed using Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) as a biocatalyst. A second material was produced via two‐step melt polycondensation in the presence of heterogeneous titanium dioxide/silicone dioxide (C‐94) catalyst. The obtained PBS‐DLS copolyesters were further characterized in regard to their number‐average molecular weight (Mn), chemical structure, thermal transition temperatures and crystallization behavior. Here, digital holographic microscopy was used to study the crystallization behavior of synthesized segmented copolyesters for the first time. Using this technique, it was possible to reveal the twisting of crystalline regions in formed spherulites and observe the differences in crystallization behavior of copolyesters depending on the type of catalyst used in their synthesis. Structural characterization indicated random and blocky structure of copolymers depending on the type of catalyst. Mn was noticeably higher in the case of PBS‐DLS 70:30 copolymer catalyzed using C‐94 than PBS‐DLS 70:30 synthesized with the use of CAL‐B. However, the degree of crystallinity was lower for polymer catalyzed with the heterogeneous catalyst. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetric thermal analysis revealed that synthesized copolyesters exhibit low glass transition temperature as well as high melting point which are typical for thermoplastic elastomers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry