bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ondansetron use in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage
Authors: Suarez Elizabeth A. , Boggess Kim , Engel Stephanie M. , Stürmer Til , Lund Jennifer L. , Jonsson Funk Michele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOndansetron is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy despite inconclusive evidence of its safety. Previous studies have reported no increase in risk of miscarriage but relied on methods that failed to account for gestational weeks at risk and non‐user comparators, which may increase the potential for unmeasured confounding. Our objective was to estimate the risk of miscarriage among women prescribed ondansetron vs alternative antiemetics during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.MethodsA pregnancy cohort was created using electronic health record data from a health care system in North Carolina. Women were classified as exposed to either ondansetron or comparator antiemetics (metoclopramide or promethazine) based on the first antiemetic prescription received in the first 20 weeks of gestation. Cumulative incidence of miscarriage at 20 weeks was estimated in each antiemetic group. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals and measured confounding was controlled using inverse probability of treatment weights. Sensitivity analyses assessed the potential impact of exposure misclassification, latency period, and selection bias.ResultsWe identified 2620 eligible pregnancies with antiemetic orders; 65% had a first ondansetron order and 35% had a first comparator antiemetic order. In total, 95 women had a miscarriage. After adjustment, there was no difference in risk of miscarriage (HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.77, 1.90). Results from the per‐protocol and other sensitivity analyses were similar to the main analysis.ConclusionsWe did not observe an increase in the risk of miscarriage for pregnancies exposed to ondansetron vs comparator antiemetics.
Synergy among humimycins against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tancer Robert J. , Baynes Kazim , Wiedman Gregory R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrug resistant and multidrug resistant microorganisms are an increasing problem for public health. In this work, we investigate the ability of lipopeptides to act synergistically as a potential treatment for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. We present results on a specific class of lipopeptides: humimycins. We explored various changes to their structure including altering their hydrophobicity and enantiomeric amino acid substitutions. Of specific note, the “dehydroxy” analogue, synthesized with myristic anhydride, has a 4‐fold improved activity against MRSA (USA300) as determined in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. When used together, the original humimycins and dehydroxy analogue have and MIC against MRSA lower than 20 μg/mL. We also report that humimycins form nanoparticle micelles of less than 250 nm in diameter. These particles could be used as formulations to delivery multiple humimycin drugs as effective treatments for MRSA infections.
GameTag: A New Sequence Tag Generation Algorithm Based on Cooperative Game Theory
Authors: Fei Zhengcong , Wang Kaifei , Chi Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSequence tag‐based peptide search is a critical technology in proteomics for the characterization of proteins from tandem mass spectrometry data. However, the main reason for hindering the full application of such an approach lies that accurately extracting sequence tags responsible for each experimental spectrum. Toward that end, GameTag, a novel cooperative game framework for sequence tag generation is proposed, which includes a tag generator and a tag discriminator to collaboratively generate sequence tags. Specifically, the tag generator works to extract as many correct tag candidates as possible and the tag discriminator serves to determine the correctness of tag candidates and reduce the total number of output tags simultaneously. Through the dynamic two‐player game, the number of extracted tags is decreased while the number of correct tags gets boosted. The performance of the proposed method is also investigated under various hyperparameter and structure settings. Extensive experiments on a wide variety of data sets from different species demonstrate that GameTag outperforms previous state‐of‐the‐art methods, InsPecT, PepNovo+, DirecTag, and the existing tag‐extraction method in Open‐pFind, increasing by at least 10% the number of spectra extracted more than one correct tag.
Wolbachia influence on the fitness of Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a bio‐control agent of mealybugs
Authors: Izraeli Yehuda , Lalzar Maya , Mozes‐Daube Netta , Steinberg Shimon , Chiel Elad , Zchori‐Fein Einat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLike numerous other animals, biocontrol agents (BCAs) of arthropod pests carry various microorganisms that may have diverse effects on the biology of their eukaryote hosts. We postulated that it is possible to improve the efficacy of BCAs by manipulating the composition of their associated microbiota. The parasitoid wasp Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from a mass‐rearing facility was chosen for testing this hypothesis.RESULTSHigh‐throughput sequencing analysis indicated that fungal abundance in A. vladimiri was low and variable, whereas the bacterial community was dominated by the endosymbiont Wolbachia. Wolbachia was fixed in the mass‐rearing population, whereas in field‐collected A. vladimiri Wolbachia's prevalence was only approximately 20%. Identification of Wolbachia strains from the two populations by Multi Locus Sequence Typing, revealed two closely related but unique strains. A series of bioassays with the mass‐rearing Wolbachia‐fixed (W+) and a derived antibiotic‐treated Wolbachia‐free (W–) lines revealed that: (i) Wolbachia does not induce reproductive manipulations; (ii) W– females have higher fecundity when reared individually, but not when reared with conspecifics; (iii) W+ females outcompete W– when they share hosts for oviposition; (iv) longevity and developmental time were similar in both lines.CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggest that W+ A. vladimiri have no clear fitness benefit under mass‐rearing conditions and may be disadvantageous under lab‐controlled conditions. In a broader view, the results suggest that augmentative biological control can benefit from manipulation of the microbiome of natural enemies.
Metal‐ion‐assisted structural and anomeric analysis of Amadori compounds by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Bai Yunpeng , Liang Yuqiang , Li Guode , Wu Shuixing , Wang Guangwen , Li Yingbang , Liu Yanling , Chen Chunbo 
Published: October 2020

RationaleThe Maillard reaction plays an important role in food, physiology and traditional Chinese medicine, and its primary reaction products are formed through Amadori rearrangement by reducing sugars and amino acids. The analysis of the characteristic fragmentation and of the glycosidic bond configuration of Amadori compounds will promote their fast discovery and identification by mass spectrometry.MethodsFour Amadori compounds that reduce disaccharides and proline/tryptophan were used to investigate the fragmentation mechanisms via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with different alkali metal ion adducts. Cu2+ could be used to distinguish glycosidic bond configurations of the reducing disaccharides in the full‐scan mass spectra. Quantum calculations were also conducted for a single Amadori compound with Cu2+ for analysis of the most optimized configurations and binding energies of metal complexes.ResultsMS/MS analysis of Amadori–alkali metal complexes revealed that the radius of the alkali metal ions had profound effects on the degree of fragmentation of such compounds, among which lithium‐cationized ions produced the most extensive fragmentation. Amadori compounds with different glycosidic bonds formed differently proportioned metal complexes with Cu2+, and the complexity of the copper complexes containing tryptophan moieties was higher than that of those containing proline moieties in the mass spectra. Quantum calculations showed that Amadori compounds with β‐configurations can form more binding sites with Cu2+ than those with α‐configurations, thus making the metal complex with a single ligand more stable. In addition, the chelation of tryptophan with copper ions increased the coordination binding energy, which showed that α‐configured Amadori compounds were readily able to form multi‐ligand copper complexes.ConclusionsMetal‐ion‐assisted analysis provides crucial information for structural and anomeric analysis of Amadori compounds by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Elucidation of binding sites and binding energies by quantum calculations has significantly improved the knowledge of metal complexes in the gas phase and provides background information for determining the glycosidic configuration of Amadori isomers.
Structural Features and Functional Properties of Y2O3 Reinforced Nickel Matrix Nanocomposites
Authors: Chaudhari Alok Kumar , Singh Vijai Bahadur , Singh Bachcha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetal matrix composites with yttria as reinforcement are mostly produced because of it's improved mechanical properties while thermal stability, electrochemical and magnetic properties of the yttria based composites are rarely considered. In the present study, the feasibility of incorporating yttria nanoparticles into nickel matrix from ethylene glycol bath by electro‐codeposition method is demonstrated. The particle content of the coatings was strongly influenced by current density i. e. the rate of metal deposition. Particle content, surface morphology and microstructural changes of the deposits were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersed X‐ray analyzer (EDAX). A dense, compact and smoother composite surface with lower particle content was obtained at higher current densities. Crystallographic structure, texture and lattice strain have been evaluated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Incorporation of yttria particles inhibits the grain growth and causes grain refinement of the nickel matrix. Annealed nanocomposite deposits revealed thermal stability up to 700 °C. The comparative electrochemical corrosion behavior of the electrodeposited coatings in 3.5 % NaCl solution and their deposition potential were evaluated. Magnetic studies showed nearly complete absence of hysteresis i. e. soft magnetic nature of the coatings.
Visible‐Light Cercosporin Catalyzed Sulfenylation of Electron‐Rich Compounds with Thiols under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Hazarika Sukanya , Barman Pranjit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present study, an efficient visible‐light and cercosporin catalyzed direct sulfenylation of electron rich aromatic compounds such as indoles, active methylenes, and phenols with thiols through a photoredox catalyzed process has been reported through the cleavage of a C−H/S−H bond at room temperature under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The reported methodology gives a direct way in the formation of C−S bonds with broad functional group compatibility, which produces 3‐sulfenylated indoles, α‐sulfenylated carbonyl compounds and diaryl sulfides in moderate to good yields. The advantage of the reaction is that it meets the criteria of green and sustainable synthetic chemistry and can be used widely in the fields of organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.
Tension versus flexure: Reasons to modify the formulation of MC 2010 for cracking
Authors: Pérez Caldentey Alejandro , García Roberto , Gribniak Viktor , Rimkus Arvydas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper critically evaluates the cracking model of MC 2010 with a view to the drafting of MC 2020. It emphasizes that there are differences in cracking behavior in tension and bending, which are not adequately recognized in the current model. Based on the analysis of experimental evidence, it shows that the current model has a significant skew in prediction performance when tension and flexure tests are considered separately. Based on these observations, modifications are proposed to account for the variation of tensile stresses within the effective area of concrete, for the effect of the casting position of the tensile reinforcement and the effect of curvature on crack width. Modifications to the definition of the effective area and the model calibration are also introduced.
Testing a New Passive Acoustic Recording Unit to Monitor Wolves
Authors: Barber‐Meyer Shannon M. , Palacios Vicente , Marti‐Domken Barbara , Schmidt Lori J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAs part of a broader trial of noninvasive methods to research wild wolves (Canis lupus) in Minnesota, USA, we explored whether wolves could be remotely monitored using a new, inexpensive, remotely deployable, noninvasive, passive acoustic recording device, the AudioMoth. We tested the efficacy of AudioMoths in detecting wolf howls and factors influencing detection by placing them at set distances from a captive wolf pack and compared those recordings with real‐time, on‐site howling data between 22 May and 17 June 2019. We identified 1,531 vocalizations grouped into 428 vocal events (236 solo howl series and 192 chorus howls). The on‐site AudioMoth correctly recorded 100% of chorus and solo howls that were also documented in real‐time. The remote array detected 49.5% of chorus and 11.9% of solo howls (≥1 unit detected the event). The closest remote AudioMoth (0.54 km, 0.33 mi) detected 37% of choruses and 8.9% of solo howls. Chorus howls (9.4%) were detected at the farthest unit (3.2 km, 2.0 mi). Favorable wind (carrying source howls to the remote units) and calm (no wind) conditions increased detectability and detection distance of chorus howls. Temperature was inversely related to detection. Given the detection distances we observed, AudioMoths are probably useful in studying specific sites during periods when wolves move less frequently (e.g., during late spring and summer at homesites or potentially during winter at kill sites of very large prey). AudioMoths would also be useful in a passive sampling array (e.g., occupancy studies), especially when used in concert with other methods such as camera‐trapping. Additional research should be conducted in areas with different environmental variables (e.g., wind, temperature, habitat, topography) to determine performance under varying conditions and also when fitted with a parabolic dish. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Geometrically distinct solutions of nonlinear elliptic systems with periodic potentials
Authors: Yang Zhipeng , Yu Yuanyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the following nonlinear elliptic systems: $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u_1+V_1(x)u_1=\partial _{u_1}F(x,u)&{}\quad x\in {\mathbb {R}}^N,\\ -\Delta u_2+V_2(x)u_2=\partial _{u_2}F(x,u)&{}\quad x\in {\mathbb {R}}^N, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

-
Δ

u
1

+

V
1

(
x
)

u
1

=

∂

u
1

F

(
x
,
u
)

x
∈

R

N

,

-
Δ

u
2

+

V
2

(
x
)

u
2

=

∂

u
2

F

(
x
,
u
)

x
∈

R

N

,

where $$u=(u_1,u_2):{\mathbb {R}}^N\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

u
=

(

u
1

,

u
2

)

:

R

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→

R

2

, F and $$V_i$$

V
i

are periodic in $$x_1,\ldots ,x_N$$

x
1

,
…
,

x
N

and $$0\notin \sigma (-\,\Delta +V_i)$$

0
∉
σ
(
-

Δ
+

V
i

)

for $$i=1,2$$

i
=
1
,
2

, where $$\sigma (-\,\Delta +V_i)$$

σ
(
-

Δ
+

V
i

)

stands for the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator $$-\,\Delta +V_i$$

-

Δ
+

V
i

. Under some suitable assumptions on F and $$V_i$$

V
i

, we obtain the existence of infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions. The result presented in this paper generalizes the result in Szulkin and Weth (J Funct Anal 257(12):3802–3822, 2009).
High-temperature study of basic ferric sulfate, FeOHSO4
Authors: Ventruti Gennaro , Della Ventura Giancarlo , Gomez Mario Alberto , Capitani Giancarlo , Sbroscia Marco , Sodo Armida 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report in this paper a new crystal-chemical study of synthetic basic ferric sulfate FeOHSO4. The structure solution performed by the Endeavour program, from new X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data, indicated that the correct space group of the monoclinic polytype of FeOHSO4 is C2/c. Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) patterns are also consistent with this structure solution. The arrangement of Fe and S atoms, based on linear chains of Fe3+ octahedra cross-linked by SO4 tetrahedra, corresponds to that of the order/disorder (OD) family. The positions of the hydrogen atoms were located based on DFT calculations. IR and Raman spectra are presented and discussed according to this new structure model. The decomposition of FeOHSO4 during heating was further investigated by means of variable temperature XRPD, thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis as well as IR and Raman spectroscopies.
Limit theorems for locally stationary processes
Authors: Kawka Rafael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present limit theorems for locally stationary processes that have a one sided time-varying moving average representation. In particular, we prove a central limit theorem (CLT), a weak and a strong law of large numbers (WLLN, SLLN) and a law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) under mild assumptions using a time-varying Beveridge–Nelson decomposition.
Short-term outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic versus laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection for advanced lower rectal cancer
Authors: Morohashi Hajime , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Miura Takuya , Kagiya Takuji , Ogasawara Kenta , Takahashi Yoshiya , Sato Kentaro , Hara Yutaro , Ogasawara Hirokazu , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Therapeutic strategies to suppress local recurrence, including lateral lymph node metastasis, are important to improve the curability of rectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to clarify the advantages of robotic-assisted laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection (RALLD), comparing its short-term outcomes with those of laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection (LLLD). There are some retrospective reports comparing RALLD or LLLD and open lateral lymph node dissection (OLLD), but few reports comparing RALLD and LLND to each other.

Methods
From November 2014 to August 2020, we compared the short-term outcomes in 40 patients who underwent RALLD and 55 patients who underwent LLLD.

Results
The total operative time was significantly longer in the RALLD group than in the LLLD group (p < 0.001). However, lateral dissection time was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.661). The postoperative hospital time was shorter in the RALLD group than in the LLLD group (p < 0.048). No significant differences were identified in the rates of postoperative bleeding, incisional surgical site infection (SSI), organ/space SSI, urinary disfunction, urinary infection, or small bowel obstruction between the groups. However, anastomotic leakage was significantly lower in the RALLD group than in the LLLD group (p = 0.031).

Conclusions
The short-term outcomes of RALLD indicate it is feasible, and RALLD may be a useful modality for lower rectal cancer.
Sharing Economy in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft: Treiber und Hemmnisse
Authors: Szichta Pia , Tietze Ingela 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Energiewende in Deutschland erfolgt eine schrittweise Dezentralisierung der Energieerzeugung und damit einhergehend nehmen Sharing-Angebote zu. Verglichen mit anderen Branchen ist das Sharing-Angebot in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft gering. In diesem Beitrag werden deshalb anhand einer Literaturrecherche und darauf basierenden Experteninterviews Treiber und Hemmnisse für Sharing-Angebote in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft identifiziert. Darüber hinaus werden begünstigende Rahmenbedingungen und Umweltwirkungen aus Expertensicht erhoben. In einer multiplen Fallanalyse werden aufbauend die Fallbeispiele Brooklyn Microgrid, Power Peers und die sonnenCommunity analysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Fallanalyse zeigen Heterogenitäten im Aufbau und in der praktischen Umsetzung, weshalb Verallgemeinerungen zu Treibern und Hemmnissen nur beschränkt möglich sind. Der in dem Beitrag beschriebene Systematisierungsansatz bietet allerdings die Möglichkeit, verschiedene Fallbeispiele inhaltlich differenziert zu untersuchen und miteinander zu vergleichen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden erste Handlungsempfehlungen für Anbieter und Politik abgeleitet, die eine Umsetzung von Sharing-Ansätzen in der Energiewirtschaft begünstigen.
Chemotherapy resistance and stromal targets in breast cancer treatment: a review
Authors: van der Spek Y. M. , Kroep J. R. , Tollenaar R. A. E. M. , Mesker Wilma E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTherapy resistance is a known problem in breast cancer and is associated with a variety of mechanisms. The role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development and resistance mechanisms is becoming increasingly understood. Tumor–stroma is the main component of the tumor microenvironment. Stromal cells like cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are believed to contribute to chemotherapy resistance via the production of several secreted factors like cytokines and chemokines. CAFs are found to influence disease progression; patients with primary tumors with a high amount of tumor–stroma have a significantly worse outcome. Therefore the role of CAFs resistance mechanisms makes them a promising target in anti-cancer therapy. An overview of recent advances in strategies to target breast cancer stroma is given and the current literature regarding these stromal targets is discussed. CAF-specific proteins as well as secreted molecules involved in tumor–stroma interactions provide possibilities for stroma-specific therapy. The development of stroma-specific therapy is still in its infancy and the available literature is limited. Within the scope of personalized treatment, biomarkers based on the tumor–stroma have future potential for the improvement of treatment via image-guided surgery (IGS) and PET scanning.
Decoherence dynamics estimation for superconducting gate-model quantum computers
Authors: Gyongyosi Laszlo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSuperconducting gate-model quantum computer architectures provide an implementable model for practical quantum computations in the NISQ (noisy intermediate scale quantum) technology era. Due to hardware restrictions and decoherence, generating the physical layout of the quantum circuits of a gate-model quantum computer is a challenge. Here, we define a method for layout generation with a decoherence dynamics estimation in superconducting gate-model quantum computers. We propose an algorithm for the optimal placement of the quantum computational blocks of gate-model quantum circuits. We study the effects of capacitance interference on the distribution of the Gaussian noise in the Josephson energy.