bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of revocable precommitment strategies in reducing decision-making impulsivity
Authors: Wang Dawei , Zhou Mengmeng , Han Dong , Wu Xiao , Mao Wenxu , Hu Yixin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Precommitment shows promise in reducing decision-making impulsivity; however, it may be invalidated, leading to self-control failures. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of revocable precommitment in promoting commitment and reducing decision-making impulsivity through two studies. Experiment 1 used event-related potentials to explore whether revocable precommitment was beneficial to make individuals more inclined to commit. Experiment 2 explored the effectiveness of revocable precommitment in reducing decision-making impulsivity. The results showed that (i) compared with the precommitment condition, there is a higher proportion of precommitment selection under the revocable precommitment condition. Besides, in short delay time condition, the proportion of individuals choosing precommitment is higher than that of the other two conditions. Additionally, the average amplitudes of N1 and P300 in the revocable precommitment condition are significantly lower than those in the precommitment condition. (ii) There is a higher proportion of choosing larger-later (LL) options in the revocable precommitment condition compared with the other conditions. Moreover, the proportion of choosing LL options in short-term conditions is higher than that in medium-term conditions, which is higher than that in long-term conditions. Our findings indicated the efficiency of revocable precommitment in reducing decision-making impulsivity.
“Not one of us”: anti-immigrant sentiment spread to multiple immigrant groups in the wake of Islamic terrorism
Authors: Ramirez Daniel , Kim Joeun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In reaction to terrorism, current research shows that discriminatory attitudes against immigrant populations among native populations sometimes increase. However, it is unclear if native populations respond to threats with a specifically targeted anti-immigrant sentiment or whether there is a general increase in anti-immigrant views that spill over to other minority groups. Furthermore, plausible processes explaining the spread of anti-immigration sentiment to larger immigrant populations are largely underexplored in the research. This article analyzes the impact of terrorist attacks on anti-Muslim sentiment and spillover effects on groups seemingly unrelated to the attacks. Using the coincidental timing of the European Social Survey and the attack on Charlie Hebdo, we investigate the effects of terrorism on anti-immigrant attitudes toward Muslim, Jewish, and Roma minorities. Second, in accordance with symbolic boundary theory, we investigate whether the Charlie Hebdo attack increased discriminatory attitudes toward immigrant characteristics and argue that these spillover effects are partially attributable to such changes. Our findings show that the Charlie Hebdo attack was associated with increased anti-immigrant sentiment toward all three groups to a comparable degree and that these effects are partially explained by intensified racial and religious boundaries. Furthermore, we find that the association between the attack and increases in racial and religious boundaries, as well as discriminatory attitudes toward all studied minorities, is stronger in countries with historically low immigration reception. Our study finds that where discriminatory processes are activated, they are not manifested through precise social categorization but rather using generalized minority characteristics.
Child Welfare Exhibitions in Delhi (1920, 1924–1932): Motherhood, Public Health and Colonial Government
Authors: Carballido-Coria Laura 
Published: December 2024

Summary
The child welfare exhibitions in Delhi, held for the first time in 1920, and then from 1924 to 1932, aimed at educating mothers to look properly after their children hoping to reduce illness and mortality. These exhibitions are to be understood against two broad trends. One is a worldwide interest regarding maternal and infant mortality and a greater awareness regarding the relevance of hygiene and sanitation. The other is the set of particular concerns in India and Delhi. There was a shift in policy and language between the end of the decade of 1910 and the beginning of the decade of 1920, when sanitation acquired a new meaning which included not only drainage works or cleaning of streets, but also hygiene lessons and inspection at schools; when there was talk about public health, and greater emphasis on the role of the ‘Indian public’ and ‘social service’ in the colonial discourse.
Being a Woman Politician on the Isle of Man: How Smallness Explains Political Culture
Authors: Edge Peter W , Mackie Catriona , Powell Alex 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores the distinctive experience of women as legislators in a small democracy, drawing on a multimethod study of the Isle of Man. Experiences of gender in a small democracy’s politics are not merely quantitatively different, for instance in terms of constituents per representative; but qualitatively different as a result of the interconnected ramifications of quantitative differences. We find pervasive effects from the absence of strong party institutionalization, the intersection of intimacy and vulnerability, and the constraints of strictly limited capacity. Understanding gender and politics in a small democracy is an important contribution to island feminism, and acts as a corrective to an understanding of the interrelations of gender and politics within democratic constitutions based only on the experience of women in large democracies. The study also shows the pervasive importance of smallness even for a European democracy with close cultural ties to a large democracy.
Integrating Deep Learning Derived Morphological Traits and Molecular Data for Total-Evidence Phylogenetics: Lessons from Digitized Collections
Authors: Hunt Roberta , Reyes-Hernández José L , Shaw Josh Jenkins , Solodovnikov Alexey , Pedersen Kim Steenstrup 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Deep learning has previously shown success in automatically generating morphological traits which carry a phylogenetic signal. In this paper we explore combining molecular data with deep learning derived morphological traits from images of pinned insects to generate total-evidence phylogenies and we reveal challenges. Deep learning derived morphological traits, while informative, underperform when used in isolation compared to molecular analyses. However, they can improve molecular results in total evidence settings. We use a dataset of rove beetle images to compare the effect of different dataset splits and deep metric loss functions on morphological and total evidence results. We find a slight preference for the cladistic dataset split and contrastive loss function. Additionally, we explore the effect of varying the number of genes used in inference and find that different gene combinations provide the best results when used on their own vs in total evidence analysis. Despite the promising nature of integrating deep learning techniques with molecular data, challenges remain regarding the strength of the phylogenetic signal and the resource demands of data acquisition. We suggest that future work focus on improved trait extraction and the development of disentangled networks to better interpret the derived traits, thus expanding the applicability of these methods in phylogenetic studies.
Emission patterns of volatile organic compounds from Norway spruce logs following bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestation
Authors: Du Baoguo , Frühbrodt Tobias , Delb Horst , Burzlaff Tim , Biedermann Peter H W , Kreuzwieser Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is economically one of the most important conifer species in Europe. Spruce forests are threatened by outbreaks of the bark beetle Ips typographus L., and this will worsen with a projected warmer and drier climate and increased outbreak dynamic following storms. Volatile terpenes and aromatics play pivotal roles in defence of trees, however little is known about the emission dynamics of these compounds from trees colonized with I. typographus, particularly in dependence on the beetle’s developmental stages and colonization densities. Here, we analysed the emission profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from spruce logs colonized with low (LDT) and high (HDT) densities of I. typographus from the initial colonization until the emergence of the next beetle generation. A first VOCs emission peak appeared directly after colonization and lasted for 1 week. It mainly consisted of monoterpenoids and most likely reflected the trees’ constitutive defence against herbivory. Under HDT, a second emission maximum occurred during the larval stage, whereas under LDT a second peak appeared later during maturation feeding of callow beetles. In contrast to the first peak, sesquiterpenoids, aromatics and oxygenated monoterpenoids dominated the second peak, possibly reflecting the trees’ induced defence. Developing beetles seem to face a variety of defence compounds even if the tree has been overwhelmed and colonization by parental beetles was already successful. The specific release patterns under LDT and HDT might be due to different availability of precursor compounds, depletion of constitutively stored compounds and differences in microbial activities associated with the bark beetles. The present study highlights constitutive defence of spruce trees upon herbivore attack, and the effect of infestation density on the temporal dynamics of induced defence. Particularly the oxygenated monoterpenoid terpinen-4-ol may be used as cue to assess habitat quality and competition by newly arriving beetles.
Foliage development and resource allocation determine the growth responses of silver birch (Betula pendula) to elevated environmental humidity
Authors: Õunapuu-Pikas Eele , Tullus Arvo , Kupper Priit , Tamm Ilona , Reinthal Taavi , Sellin Arne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Scenarios for future climate predict an increase in precipitation amounts and frequency of rain events, resulting in higher air humidity and soil moisture at high latitudes, including in northern Europe. We analysed the effects of artificially elevated environmental humidity (air relative humidity and soil moisture) on leaf gas exchange, water relations, growth and phenology of silver birch (Betula pendula) trees growing at the free air humidity manipulation experimental site situated in the hemiboreal vegetation zone, in eastern Estonia, with no occurring water deficit to the trees. The environmental humidity manipulation did not significantly affect the water relations traits but did affect some leaf gas exchange parameters, growth and phenology of the trees. Elevated air humidity (H) did not influence photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance, while the trees exhibited higher stomatal sensitivity to leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference compared with the trees at ambient conditions (C) or at elevated soil moisture (I). H trees demonstrated reduced height growth and foliage biomass, increased allocation to stem radial growth and prolonged leaf retention in autumn compared with the C trees. Increased air humidity supports longer leaf retention and growth period, but this does not translate into increased growth parameters at the tree level. The changes in tree growth in response to increasing atmospheric humidity could plausibly be explained by (i) retardation of foliage development and (ii) changes in resource allocation, causing a shift in the ratio of photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic tissues in favour of the latter. Under high atmospheric evaporative demand, higher stomatal sensitivity in H trees induces faster stomatal closure, which may result in carbon starvation. A future rise in atmospheric humidity at high latitudes may lead to reduced tree growth and forest productivity, in contrast to the predicted future of forests.
Lucio Phenomenon: a Review
Authors: Magaña Mario , Vargas Bornacini María Fernanda , Landeta-Sa Ana Paula , Aguilar-Mena Cristina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:

Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepromatosis, the causative agents of leprosy, have left a mark on human history. Despite advances in health care, leprosy continues to affect millions worldwide, often leading to complications, mostly neural, due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. This persisting prevalence emphasizes the need for continued research and effective management strategies. Leprosy presents in many forms, mainly lepromatous and tuberculoid, influenced by the patient's immunological status and exhibits specific clinical characteristics. Studies have shown that Mycobacterium lepromatosis is frequently associated with the lepromatous forms of the disease, characterized by generalized skin lesions and systemic involvement. This connection has led to the distinction of M. lepromatosis as the main cause of Lucio Leprosy and Lucio phenomenon (LPh); this last one is an immune-mediated response, including necrotizing panvasculitis and systemic manifestations. Once considered endemic to Mexico and Central America, migration expanded its geographical reach. Triggers include infections and certain medical conditions. Histopathologically, LPh represents a necrotizing panvasculitis, ischemic necrosis, and the presence of immune components in small vessels. Diagnosis relies on clinical characteristics and histopathological findings. Treatment lacks standardization; however, effective management involves antileprosy medication and systemic glucocorticoids. In conclusion, the historical impact of leprosy and LPh persists in medical discussions. Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment challenges continue, necessitating ongoing research to improve patient outcomes and bring down this health concern.
Update on Absorbable Facial Thread Lifts
Authors: Riopelle Alexandria M. , Geisler Amaris N. , Eber Ariel , Dover Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Thread lifts are a noninvasive technique for suspending ptotic skin. Previous studies have failed to show long-term efficacy data with absorbable threads.

OBJECTIVE
To review the recent literature evaluating mid and lower facial absorbable thread lifts over a four-year period from October 2018 to December 2022.

METHODS
A systematic review was done following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the PubMed database. Search terms included “lift,” “face lift,” “thread lift,” “suture suspension,” “silhouette suture,” “silhouette lift,” “rhytidectomy,” and “Aptos.” Technique articles with objective results were included.

RESULTS
Twelve studies met criteria for analysis (n = 818). The most common thread evaluated was suture suspension using polydioxanone followed by poly-l-lactic acid/polycaprolactone absorbable threads. Scores according to the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, Wrinkle Severity Scale, Barton's Grading System, and FACE-Q improved in all cases immediately after the procedure. The longest follow-up assessments were at 2 years. Complications were mild.

CONCLUSION
In the appropriate patient, thread lifts are immediately effective, and the risk of dangerous complications is low, but long-term efficacy data are lacking.
Examining the Impact of an Intervention Designed to Improve National Physical Therapy Examination Performance Among Physical Therapist Education Program Graduates
Authors: Dombkowski Ryan , Sullivan Steven , Widenhoefer Tricia , Almonroeder Thomas Gus 
Published: December 2024

Introduction.
National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) first-time pass rates are trending downward in recent years. As a result, there is a need for programs to identify ways to promote improved NPTE performance among their graduates.

Review of Literature.
Previous studies have identified factors that can be used to predict an individual's chances of passing the NPTE. However, to our knowledge, there are no published studies describing interventions designed to improve NPTE performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a novel intervention, which involved providing students with an individualized predicted NPTE score combined with faculty advising to support their NPTE preparation.

Subjects.
This study included members of 6 consecutive cohorts (190 total graduates) from an entry-level doctoral physical therapist education program.

Methods.
The members of the first 3 cohorts served as historical controls, while the final 3 cohorts received the intervention (experimental cohorts). The intervention involved using a regression model to predict students’ NPTE scores based on their prior academic performance. Faculty then shared these predicted scores with students and provided individualized advising to support their NPTE preparation. Regression analyses were conducted to compare NPTE performance for the control and experimental cohorts, while accounting for between-group differences in academic performance.

Results.
On average, the experimental cohorts performed 25.9 points higher on the NPTE and had over 5 times greater odds of passing the NPTE, compared to those in the control cohorts, after accounting for the covariates within the regression models.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Our intervention, which combined providing students with their predicted NPTE scores and faculty advising to support students’ NPTE preparation, was feasible to implement without requiring extensive additional resources. It appears that our novel intervention is a viable approach for promoting improved first-time NPTE performance.
Medication reconciliation in the outpatient primary care setting: Barriers and opportunities
Authors: Schriefer Susan P. , Ainslie Marcy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Increased complexity of the health care system has led to challenges of vital communications, such as a current and accurate patient medication list. Medication reconciliation aims to create the most comprehensive and accurate list of a patient's current medications by comparing it with their electronic health record. However, effectively gathering, organizing, and communicating this medication information across different stages of care is often complex and challenging. Fragmented provider groups and incompatible software systems can also lead to breaks in communication and contribute to medication discrepancies. Medication reconciliation is an evidence-based safety intervention that can decrease medication errors and patient harm. Primary care providers play a critical role in ensuring a patient's medication list is current and accurate.
Generation and characterization of zebrafish f9l mutant confirmed that f9l is f10 like gene
Authors: Dhinoja Sanchi , Mary Jabila , Qaryoute Ayah Al , De Maria Anthony , Jagadeeswaran Pudur 
Published: December 2024

Aim
This study aimed to create an f9l mutant zebrafish using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and characterize its coagulation properties to investigate its functional similarity to human FX and explore the potential synergy between f9l and f10.

Methods
Three gRNAs targeting exon 8 encoded by the catalytic domain of the f9l gene were injected into 300 single-cell zebrafish embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. DNA from the resulting adults was extracted from tail tips, and PCR was used to detect indels. The identified founder mutant was bred to homozygosity, and functional assays, kinetic Russel viper venom time, bleeding assay in adults, and venous laser injury on larvae were conducted to assess its hemostatic function. Additionally, f10 was knocked down in f9l homozygous embryos using f10 antisense morpholinos to study their interaction by monitoring its survival.

Results
DNA from 60 adults was screened for indels, resulting in a fish with a heritable complex mutation involving one insertion and two deletions in exon 8. The f9l homozygous mutants exhibited impaired F10 activity, mild bleeding after mechanical injury, and developmental deformities in early larval stages. The caudal vein thrombosis assay showed variable occlusion times, indicating a bleeding phenotype with incomplete penetrance. Knocking down f10 in f9l homozygous embryos resulted in 50% mortality within five dpf, compared to f9l homozygous embryos injected with control morpholinos.

Conclusion
In summary, we generated f9l knockout and showed it is a paralog to f10. We also found a synergy between f9l and f10 genes, highlighting its importance in hemostasis.
Semiquantitative muscle parameters derived from FAPI and FDG PET/CT in evaluating sarcopenia among patients with malignant tumors
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhang Qing , Hu Yinting , Liu Entao , Tan Xiaoyue , Yuan Hui , Jiang Lei 
Published: December 2024

Background
The objective of this study is to explore and compare the potential utility of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) and fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) in assessing sarcopenia among patients with malignant tumors.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 127 patients with histologically confirmed malignant tumors who underwent both 18F/68Ga-FAPI and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scans. Clinical characteristics and PET/CT parameters of maximum and mean standard uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean) of muscle at the 3rd lumbar (L3) level were reviewed. Skeletal muscle area at the L3 level was measured, and skeletal muscle index was calculated to determine sarcopenia. The association between sarcopenia and PET/CT parameters was analyzed.

Results
The incidence of sarcopenia was 41.7% among these 127 patients. Higher age, male, lower BMI, lower SUVmax and SUVmean of muscle from 18F/68Ga-FAPI PET/CT, and lower SUVmax of muscle from 18F-FDG PET/CT were correlated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia (P < 0.05). Besides, no significant differences in SUVmax and SUVmean of muscle were noted between 18F-FAPI and 68Ga-FAPI groups. The best cutoff value of SUVmax of muscle from 18F/68Ga-FAPI PET/CT was 1.17, yielding the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.764 and sensitivity and specificity of 74.3% and 71.7%, while the optimal cutoff value of SUVmax of muscle from 18F-FDG PET/CT was 0.76, with an AUC of 0.642 and sensitivity and specificity of 36.5% and 86.8%, respectively.

Conclusion
Patients with sarcopenia exhibit decreased muscle uptake of FAPI and fluorodeoxyglucose. FAPI PET/CT emerges as a more valuable tool for sarcopenia assessment in patients with malignant tumors compared to fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT.