bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of UV Irradiation Modified ZnO-HA Coating on the Biomedical Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Sun Jin’e , Liu Jie , Niu Zhanxiang , Chi Meizheng , Peng Xuecheng , Yang Yong , Lin Qihui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, ZnO-HA coating was prepared on the surface of magnesium alloys by using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and hydrothermal method. The effects of ultraviolet irradiation time on the microstructure, the electrochemical properties and corrosion resistance of ZnO-HA coating were studied. The results indicated that the ZnO-HA coating obtained by 24 h of UV irradiation combined hydrothermal method was dense and uniform, without any cracks, and it was mainly composed of nanoparticle-like HA and flake-like ZnO. Electrochemical properties and corrosion resistance of ZnO-HA coated magnesium alloys were studied in simulated body fluid (SBF). Compared with the bare magnesium alloys, the coated magnesium alloys have good corrosion resistance. In vitro immersion experiments, ZnO-HA coating could provide good protection for the magnesium alloys substrate, indicating that ZnO-HA coating prepared by UV irradiation combined hydrothermal method can be used as a potential modified biomaterial for magnesium alloys.
Using KH590-Polybutadiene as the New Compatilizer to Improve Carbon Black / Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Terpolymer Composites
Authors: Wu Weili , Yu Bowen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rubber materials could be widely used with the reinforcement of inorganic materials, the combination of inorganic materials and rubber needs compatilizer that play an important role in the polymeric composites. The ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) has considerable radiation stability for gamma or neutron radiation, so it can be applied to cable insulating materials. The EPDM has to be reinforced with carbon black (CB) of inorganic fillers, which are hardly compatible with the EPDM matrix due to EPDM saturated bonds. In this work, The EPDM matrix modified with (3-Mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (KH590)-polybutadiene (KHBR) was studied in details, and the changes in the mechanical, thermal and rheological properties and curing kinetics were investigated by tensile tests, dynamic thermal mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and moving die rheometer (MDR). The results showed that the addition of KHBR improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the EPDM, and the optimized content was 2.5%.
Design and Research of Convenient Cantilever-Unloading Bracket for Antenna
Authors: Yang Chunsheng , Xu Yiliu , Lu Yi , Wang Yu , Xue Feng , Ren Zhenyue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In spacecraft assembly integration and test, zero gravity unloading of antenna is necessary during antenna deployment/closure test. To meet the requirement of antenna unloading condition in EMC test stage, a convenient cantilever type universal antenna unloading bracket is designed. The system consists of the main body of the cantilever device, the first-stage arm, the second-stage arm and the pulley system. Through analysis and calculation, the system can meet the space requirement, friction resistance requirement, strength and deformation limitation in the unloading process. It can provide technical reference and basis for zero gravity deploy ment/closure test for various surface antennas of spacecraft in the assembly process.
Incidence, determinants and consequences of delirium in older patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Goudzwaard Jeannette A , de Ronde-Tillmans Marjo J A G , de Jager Tom A J , Lenzen Mattie J , Nuis Rutger-Jan , van Mieghem Nicolas M , Daemen Joost , de Jaegere Peter P T , Mattace-Raso Francesco U S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
delirium is an event leading to negative health outcomes and increased mortality in patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence, determinants and consequences of post-operative delirium (POD) in older patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods
The TAVI Care and Cure program is a prospective, observational registry in patients referred for TAVI at Erasmus University Medical Centre. The presence of delirium was evaluated by daily clinical assessment by a geriatrician pre- and up to 3 days post-TAVI. Mortality data were obtained from the Dutch Civil Registry.

Results
A total of 543 patients underwent TAVI between January 2014 and December 2017. Overall, the incidence of POD was 14% (75/543 patients) but declined from 18% in 2014 to 7% in 2017 (P = 0.009). Patients who developed POD were older (81.9 ± 5.8 versus 78.6 ± 8.3 years, P &lt; 0.001), had higher prevalence of renal dysfunction and prior stroke (54% versus 40%, P = 0.02; 31% versus 18%, P = 0.01) and were more often frail (32% versus 25%, P = 0.02). From a procedural perspective, general anesthesia (odds ratios (OR), 2.31; 95% CI, 1.40–3.83; P = 0.001), non-transfemoral access (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.20–4.70; P = 0.01) and longer procedural time (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02; P &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with POD. One-year survival rate was 68% among patients who had suffered a POD and was 85% in patients without a POD (hazard ratio’s 1.8 (95% CI 1.01–3.10), P = 0.045).

Conclusion
POD frequently occurs after TAVI and is associated with increased mortality. It might be speculated that patient selection and the minimalistic approach of TAVI may reduce the frequency of delirium.
Fiscal Incentives in Law Enforcement
Authors: Harvey Anna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In recent years, numerous observers have raised concerns about “policing for profit,” or the deployment of law enforcement resources to raise revenue rather than to provide public safety. However, identifying the causal effects of fiscal incentives on law enforcement behavior has remained elusive. In a regression discontinuity design implemented on traffic citation and accident data from Saskatchewan, Canada between 1995 and 2016, a fiscal rule reducing by 75% the share of traffic fine revenue captured by the province in towns above 500 in 1996 population is associated with increased rates of accidents, accident-involved vehicles, accident costs, and accident-related injuries in towns just above this threshold, relative to towns just below the threshold. Further, cited drivers in towns just below this threshold are given fewer days to pay their fines and are less likely to pay their fines on time, leading to higher risks of late fees and license suspensions. These findings suggest that fiscal incentives can indeed distort the allocation of law enforcement effort, with distributional consequences for both public safety and economic well-being.
Performance of a Single Layer of Clothing or Gloves to Prevent Dermal Exposure to Pesticides
Authors: Spaan Suzanne , Glass Richard , Goede Henk , Ruiter Sander , Gerritsen-Ebben Rianda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The suitability, availability, and use of protective clothing are critical factors determining the actual dermal exposure (ADE) of operators and workers to pesticides. A realistic assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides requires information about the performance of protective clothing during everyday use. In this study, the performance of clothing or gloves has been investigated based on available dermal exposure data in order to provide recommendations for default protection factors that can be used in regulatory exposure assessments. Suitable dermal exposure data from available exposure databases were collated and analysed. The data that met the selection criteria for the analysis of the performance of protective clothing comprised studies in which protective clothing like cotton coveralls, cotton clothing, polyester–cotton coveralls, Sontara coveralls, Tyvek coveralls, butyl/neoprene gloves, latex/PE/vinyl/PVC gloves, or nitrile gloves were worn. Based on available potential and ADE levels, the migration of pesticides through this protective clothing was estimated. Evaluation of exposure data showed that on average only 2.3–2.6% of the pesticides present on the outside of the clothing or gloves migrated through the garments, although there was a large variation with migration up to 99%. Forearms, legs, and chest areas of the clothing tended to have the greatest migration of pesticides. Caution is needed in the selection of the appropriate protection offered protective clothing for specific situations. This study gives valuable information on the performance of protective clothing, for use in exposure assessment and for default setting in exposure modelling, taking into account the type of clothing or gloves worn. As new data become available, it may be possible to further refine the protection factors offered by different types of clothing or gloves, particularly where a common protocol has been used.
First evidence for a latitudinal body mass effect in extant Crocodylia and the relationships of their reproductive characters
Authors: Lakin Rebecca J , Barrett Paul M , Stevenson Colin , Thomas Robert J , Wills Matthew A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRelationships between distribution patterns and body size have been documented in many endothermic taxa. However, the evidence for these trends in ectotherms generally is equivocal, and there have been no studies of effects in crocodylians specifically. Here, we examine the relationship between latitudinal distribution and body mass in 20 extant species of crocodylians, as well as the relationships between seven important reproductive variables. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts to inform generalized linear models, we provide the first evidence of a latitudinal effect on adult female body mass in crocodylians. In addition, we explore the relationships between reproductive variables including egg mass, hatchling mass and clutch size. We report no correlation between egg mass and clutch size, upholding previously reported within-species trends. We also find no evidence of a correlation between measures of latitudinal range and incubation temperature, contrasting with the trends found in turtles.
Guidelines for systematic reporting of sequence alignments
Authors: Vihinen Mauno 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bioinformatics methods are increasingly needed and used to analyze and interpret extensive datasets many of which are produced by diverse high-throughput technologies. Unfortunately, it is quite common that published articles do not contain sufficient information to allow the reader to fully comprehend and repeat computational and other studies. Guidelines were developed for reporting studies and results from sequence alignment. Brief and concise checklist of required data items was compiled making it easy to provide necessary details. Implementation of the guidelines requires similar meticulous attitude toward details as other parts of publications. If the journal does not allow reporting full details in the main article, it can be provided in supplementary material. It is important to make the alignments available. Systematic and detailed description of bioinformatics analyses adds to the value of papers and makes it easier for the scientific community to evaluate, understand, verify, and extend the published articles and their results.
Spatial variation in the present-day stress field and tectonic regime of Northeast Tibet from moment tensor solutions of local earthquake data
Authors: Pan Zhengyang , He Jiankun , Shao Zhigang 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYFocal mechanism solutions and their predicted stress pattern can be used to investigate tectonic deformation in seismically active zones and contribute to understanding and constraining the kinematic patterns of the outward growth and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Herein, we determined the focal mechanisms of 398 earthquakes in Northeast Tibet recorded by the China National Seismic Network (CNSN) by using the cut-and-paste method. The results show that the earthquakes predominately exhibited thrust and strike-slip faulting mechanisms with very few normal events. We then combined the derived focal mechanisms with global centroid moment tensor (GCMT) catalogue solutions and previously published solutions to predict the regional distribution of the stress field through a damped linear inversion. The inversion results show that most of region is dominated by a thrust faulting regime. From the southern East Kunlun fault in the west to the northern Qilian Mountains along the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF), the maximum compression axis rotates slightly clockwise; farther to the south of the Haiyuan fault in the east, there is an evident clockwise rotation of the maximum compression axis, especially at the eastern end of the Haiyuan fault. In the Qilian Mountains, the axis of the compressive stress orientation approximately trends NE–SW, which does not markedly differ from the direction of India–Eurasia convergence, emphasizing the importance of the compressive stress in reflecting the remote effects of this continental collision. The overall spatial pattern of the principal stress axes is closely consistent with the GPS-derived horizontal surface velocity. A comparison of the stress and strain rate fields demonstrated that the orientations of the crustal stress axes and the surface strain axes were almost identical, which indicates that a diffuse model is more suitable for describing the tectonic characteristics of Northeast Tibet. Additionally, the compressive stress orientation rotated to ENE–WSW in the northern Qilian Mountains along the ATF and to ENE–WSW or E–W along the eastern part of the Haiyuan fault and its adjacent area to the south, highlighting the occurrence of strain partitioning along large left-lateral strike-slip faults or the lateral variation of crustal strength across these faults. Combining geodetic, geological and seismological results, we suggest that a hybrid model incorporating both the diffuse model associated with shortening and thickening of the upper crust and the asthenospheric flow model accounting for the low-velocity zone in the middle-lower crust may reflect the primary mode of crustal deformation in Northeast Tibet.
Antitrust policy in video-on-demand markets: the case of Germany
Authors: Budzinski Oliver , Lindstädt-Dreusicke Nadine 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The strong growth of different types of online video-on-demand (VoD), ie nonlinear audiovisual media services, including both Paid-for VoD like Amazon Prime and Netflix and Advertised-financed VoD like YouTube increasingly challenges the leading position of “traditional” (terrestrial, cable, satellite) television, ie linear audiovisual media services. Competition policy decisions in such dynamic markets are always particularly challenging. The German competition authority was presented such a challenge when, at the beginning of the 2010s, German television providers sought to enter online VoD markets with the help of cooperative portals. We review the antitrust concerns that were raised back then in an ex post analysis. We derive four aspects, in which the previous antitrust analysis cannot be upheld from today’s perspective. First, relevant implications of modern platform economics were neglected. Secondly, some inconsistencies in the assessment of the two projects appear to be inappropriate. Thirdly, the emerging competitive pressure of international VoD providers was strongly underestimated. Fourthly, the question of market power in online advertising markets looks very different at the end of the decade.
Limitations of Free Light Chain Assays caused by the Matrix Effect
Authors: Farnsworth Christopher W , Logsdon Nicole M , Hayes Jennifer E , Rais Rehan , Willrich Maria A , Gronowski Ann M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Serum free light chain (FLC) assays are used clinically to measure the concentration of κ and λ FLC in patients with suspected or diagnosed plasma cell proliferative disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated a loss of linearity in low concentration ranges of these assays. We hypothesized that this result could be caused by a matrix effect.

Methods
Recovery studies were performed for κ and λ FLC in both serum and saline using the Freelite assay (Binding Site) on a Cobas c502 system (Roche). Samples were analyzed either at the recommended dilution or undiluted. Follow-up studies were performed in varying matrices ranging from 0% to 100% saline. Retrospective patient data were analyzed to assess the impact on reported κ FLC, λ FLC, and κ/λ ratio.

Results
FLC in a serum matrix demonstrated underrecovery relative to samples diluted in saline for both κ and λ FLC. Of 255 patient samples with λ FLC measured undiluted (λ FLC &lt;6.0 mg/L), an unexpected gap was observed in patient results between 2.0 and 6.0 mg/L. In addition, 23 patients measured serially with λ FLC between 2.0 and 6.0 mg/L demonstrated dramatic changes in κ/λ ratio, with no changes in κ FLC, likely because of the matrix effect.

Conclusions
The κ and λ Freelite assays exhibit a matrix effect when samples are tested undiluted, which has the potential to affect the κ/λ ratio. Consequently, our laboratory has stopped reporting λ FLC &lt;6.0 mg/L.
Summary of the AOAC-Sponsored Workshop Series Related to the Global Understanding of Food Fraud (GUFF): Mobilization of Resources for Food Authenticity Assurance and Food Fraud Prevention and Mitigation
Authors: Godefroy Samuel Benrejeb , Barrere Virginie , Théolier Jérémie , Baker Robert C , Zhang Guangtao , Hamilton Marc , Pellegrino Monique , Byrne Pamela , Ben Embarek Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Reports of incidents associated with the misrepresentation of food products as well as the adulteration of their composition leading, at times, to significant public health impacts are being recorded.

Objective
This paper aims at summarizing the outputs of three workshops dedicated to the theme “Global Understanding of Food Fraud” (GUFF), held in Quebec City in Canada (April 2017), Beijing in the People’s Republic of China (October 2017) and Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (October 2018).

Method
Based on the contributions made at these workshops, the paper reviews current knowledge related to food fraud shared by experts and stakeholders representing the food industry sector, food regulators both domestically and internationally and scientists from Academia. It also discusses approaches available to the industry across the food supply chain to predict, prevent, and possibly mitigate food fraud, inclusive of targeted and non-targeted methods of analysis.

Results and Conclusions
The paper offers a discussion on areas warranting the mobilization of efforts and resources of the food stakeholder community to reach consistent and accessible guidance on food fraud prevention, validated analytical methods along with an increased emphasis on prevention in food regulatory measures targeting food fraud. Further development is needed to reach consistent and accessible guidance on food fraud prevention, validated analytical methods, along with an emphasis on food fraud prevention.

Highlights
Food fraud is receiving increased attention from consumers, regulators, and industry. International food fraud experts were invited to three workshops. Contributions and conclusions from the workshops are reported and discussed.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC and an Ecofriendly HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Felodipine and Metoprolol Succinate, and their Major Metabolites in Human Spiked Plasma
Authors: Emam Aml A , Naguib Ibrahim A , Hassan Eman S , Abdelaleem Eglal A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Felodipine is a calcium channel blocker used together with metoprolol succinate for treatment of hypertension.

Objective
Two chromatographic methods were developed for simultaneous determination of felodipine (FEL) and metoprolol succinate (MET), and their major metabolites, dehydrofelodipine and metoprolol acid, respectively.

Methods
The first method was RP-HPLC which comprised separation of the studied components by gradient elution using a Phenomenex C8 column and a mobile phase composed of water (adjusted to pH 3.5 with o-phosphoric acid)–acetonitrile – methanol (45:40:15, by volume) for the first 6 min and (30:60:10, by volume) for the next 4 min at a flow rate of 1 mL/min followed by UV detection of the eluted peaks at 225 nm. The second method was an HPTLC method where separation was achieved using a mobile phase consisting of toluene–ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia–formic acid (10:5:2.5:0.3:0.1, by volume) and scanning of the separated bands at 225 nm.

Results
Validation of the developed methods was done according to ICH guidelines. Successful application of the developed methods was carried out for determination of the studied drugs in human spiked plasma and in Logimax® tablets.

Conclusions
The developed RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods can be further applied for quality control testing of the studied drugs.

Highlights
RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods for determination of FEL, MET and their major metabolites. The developed methods were successfully applied for determination of FEL and MET in Logimax® tablets.
Determination of Sorbic Acid in Cheese by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Wood Jackie E , Gill Brendon D , Gujaran Gaurav D , Indyk Harvey E , White Peter M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Sorbic acid (E, E-2, 4-hexadienoic acid) is added as a preservative to cheese because of its fungistatic and antimicrobial activity.

Objective
A facile method for the analysis of sorbic acid that is applicable to sliced processed cheese and grated cheese products.

Method
A cheese sample and dry-ice mixture was blended and sorbic acid was extracted with methanol and analyzed by HPLC-ultraviolet with external standardization. A large sample size was used to overcome sample inhomogeneity due to imprecise sorbic acid addition techniques during production and sorbic acid migration through the fat over time.

Results
The method was shown to be accurate for both processed cheese and grated Cheddar cheese, with acceptable spike recovery (93.7, 103.7%, respectively), and no bias (α = 0.05) against an international reference method (p = 0.59, p = 0.13, respectively) was found. Acceptable precision was confirmed for both processed cheese slices and grated Cheddar cheese, with repeatability of 5.3% and 4.3% relative standard deviation, respectively, and intermediate precision Horwitz ratio values of 1.3 and 1.7 for processed cheese slices and grated Cheddar cheese, respectively. Method detection limit and ruggedness experiments further demonstrated the suitability of this method for routine compliance testing.

Conclusions
A method for high-throughput, routine testing of sorbic acid is described. The method was subjected to single-laboratory validation and was found to be accurate, precise, and fit-for-purpose.