bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Gender Regimes to Violence Regimes: Re-thinking the Position of Violence
Authors: Hearn Jeff , Strid Sofia , Humbert Anne Laure , Balkmar Dag , Delaunay Marine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat happens when we focus primarily on violence as a central question—either within the gender regime approach or by making violence regime an approach in itself? The article first interrogates gender regimes theoretically and empirically through a focus on violence, and then develops violence regimes as a fruitful approach, conceptualizing violence as inequality in its own right, and a means to deepen the analysis of gender relations, gender domination, and policy. The article is a contribution to ongoing debate, which specifically and critically engages with the gender regime framework.
Lysine requirements in small, medium, and large breed adult dogs using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique1
Authors: Sutherland Katja A K , Mansilla Wilfredo D , Fortener Lisa , Shoveller Anna K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge regarding the lysine (Lys) requirements of mature dogs and whether there are breed differences. The present study aimed to determine the Lys requirement in three breeds of mature dogs using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. Thirteen adult dogs were used, four Miniature Dachshunds (5.39 ± 0.71 kg; 1.05 ± 0.02 yr old, mean ± SD), four Beagles (8.09 ± 0.40 kg; 5.03 ± 0.09 yr old, mean ± SD), and five Labrador Retrievers (29.42 ± 2.04 kg; 3.30 ± 0.69 yr old, mean ± SD). After 14 d of adaptation to a basal extruded kibble diet, dogs were fed a test diet mildly deficient in Lys (Lys concentration = 0.36%) at 17 (Miniature Dachshunds) or 13 g/kg body weight (BW; Beagles and Labradors) for 2 d. The test diet was supplemented with one of seven isonitrogenous Lys–Ala solutions, resulting in a final dietary Lys concentration of 0.36%, 0.40%, 0.44%, 0.50%, 0.54%, 0.58%, and 0.62% (as-fed basis). Dogs received dietary concentrations of Lys in random order and no dog received the same order. Following 2 d of adaptation to the experimental diets, the dogs underwent IAAO studies. During the IAAO studies, total daily feed was divided in 13 equal meals. At the sixth meal, dogs were fed a bolus of L-[1-13C]-Phe (9.40 mg/kg BW); thereafter, L-[1-13C]-Phe was supplied with every meal (2.4 mg/kg BW). Total production of 13CO2 (F13CO2) during isotopic steady state was determined by enrichment of 13CO2 of breath samples and total production of CO2, measured using indirect calorimetry. A two-phase linear regression model was used to derive the mean Lys requirement, defined as the breakpoint, and the upper 95% confidence limit was calculated as the recommended allowance (RA) for Lys intake. For Miniature Dachshunds, the study was repeated with a feed intake of 14 g/kg BW, but Lys requirements could not be determined at either feed intake, suggesting a requirement below the lowest concentration and intake. Mean Lys requirements for Beagles and Labradors were 0.455% (59.16 mg/kg BW) and 0.440% (57.19 mg/kg BW), respectively, on a dry matter basis. Pooling the data for these breeds provides a mean estimate of the Lys requirement at 0.448% (58.21 mg/kg BW) with an upper 95% CL of 0.526% (68.41 mg/kg BW) on a dry matter basis. In conclusion, the Lys requirements of Beagles and Labradors are similar, while the requirement for Miniature Dachshunds is undetermined and likely lower. The estimated Lys requirement for Beagles and Labradors is higher than the National Research Council recommendation.
Alternative splicing and its regulatory role in woody plants
Authors: Chen Mo-Xian , Zhang Kai-Lu , Zhang Min , Das Debatosh , Fang Yan-Ming , Dai Lei , Zhang Jianhua , Zhu Fu-Yuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional process to enhance proteome diversity in eukaryotic organisms. In plants, numerous reports have primarily focused on AS analysis in model plant species or herbaceous plants, leading to a notable lack of research on AS in woody plants. More importantly, emerging evidence indicates that many important traits, including wood formation and stress resistance, in woody plants are controlled by AS. In this review article, we summarize the current progress of all kinds of AS studies in different tree species at various stages of development and in response to various stresses, revealing the significant role played by AS in woody plants, as well as the similar properties and differential regulation within their herbaceous counterparts. Furthermore, we propose several potential strategies to facilitate the functional characterization of splicing factors in woody plants and evaluate a general pipeline for the systematic characterization of splicing isoforms in a complex AS regulatory network. The utilization of genetic studies and high-throughput omics integration approaches to analyze AS genes and splicing factors is likely to further advance our understanding of AS modulation in woody plants.
Low-Cost Bubble-CPAP Treatment of a Severe Case of Pneumonia in a Low- and Middle-Income Country: A Case Report on the Importance of Optimizing Bubble-CPAP Setup
Authors: Larsen Søren Vinther , Poulsen Anja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A homemade low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) setup can be created using resources available at most secondary healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This setup has the potential of saving millions of children’s lives worldwide; however, treatment failure due to bCPAP setup insufficiencies and lack of educated staff remains a significant obstacle. Here, we report a first-hand experience on the use of an established low-cost bCPAP setup to be used in LMICs and how optimization of two parameters was critical to effectively treat a severe case of lower respiratory disease in a 6-month-old infant in Tanzania. We report this case to strengthen that reducing the resistance in the tube system and minimizing air leakage at the nasal interface are crucial for efficient delivery of the CPAP therapy.
Cardiogenic shock with resultant multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Simko Lynn Coletta , Culleiton Alicia L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
The prognosis for a patient with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)—also known as organ dysfunction or organ failure—is grave, and mortality can be high when three or more organ systems fail. This article reviews ongoing abnormalities of organ-specific parameters and a bedside clinical scoring assessment tool to identify the mortality of MODS, focusing on the management of MODS resulting from cardiogenic shock in ICU patients who require support of failing organs to survive.
Can We Estimate the Amount of Malrotation in Supracondylar Humerus Fractures After CRPP?
Authors: Prabhakar Pooja , Pierce William A. , Standefer Karen D. , Ho Christine A. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Acceptable amounts of malrotation after CRPP for pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture (SCHFx) have yet to be defined. This is an attempt to correlate radiographic parameters of a malrotated SCHFx with degrees of rotational malalignment to assist intraoperative assessment of reduction.

Methods:
3D models of a left distal humerus were printed, simulating a transverse SCHFx with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees of malrotation. Four different scenarios were developed: (1) lateral cortical axis of rotation, (2) medial cortical axis of rotation, (3) centroid of the humerus longitudinal axis with the medial condyle rotated posteriorly, and (4) centroid of the humerus longitudinal axis with the medial condyle rotated anteriorly. Anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopic views were taken with a consistent image profile. Five observers measured the amount of metaphyseal overhang on the lateral view and the width of the distal humerus just proximal to the fracture to establish amount of overhang as a percentage of distal humerus width. Regression analysis established “best fit” lines for the 4 scenarios. Ten observers used the observed characteristics of each type of malrotation and “best fit” lines to estimate axis and degrees of malrotation using the same fluoroscopy of the 24 models.

Results:
The intraclass correlation coefficient of reliability for percentage of metaphyseal overhang ranged from 0.775 to 0.987. Observers correctly predicted axis of malrotation in 76% and correctly predicted amount of malrotation in 75% of models.

Conclusions:
Estimation of axis of malrotation and degrees of malrotation within 5 degrees in SCHFx can be predicted in 75% of our 3D printed models.
The Combination of Tocilizumab and Methylprednisolone Along With Initial Lung Recruitment Strategy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Series of 21 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Hazbun Munir E. , Faust Andrew C. , Ortegon Anthony L. , Sheperd Lyndsay A. , Weinstein Gary L. , Doebele Rebecca L. , Weinmeister Kenney D. , Liddell Allison M. , Feldman Mark 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To describe the outcomes with use of a combination of tocilizumab and methylprednisolone administered around the time of endotracheal intubation in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019-associated hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

Data Sources:
Retrospective chart review.

Study Selection/Data Extraction:
Twenty-one consecutive patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019-associated hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Initial ventilator parameters were positive end-expiratory pressure 14 cm H2
o and target plateau pressure 29 cm H2
o to maximize lung recruitment. Methylprednisolone (125 mg every 6hr for 24 hr with tapering to 60 mg every 12 hr) was administered shortly after patients were intubated (median 11 hr after intubation).

Data Synthesis:
No patient in the cohort died while hospitalized (mortality, 0%; 95% CI, 0%–18%) and 18 patients have been discharged from the acute care setting. Twenty of 21 patients (95%) have been liberated from mechanical ventilation after a median duration of 8 days (range, 4–30 d). Following 48 hours of methylprednisolone, the A-a o
2 gradient decreased from 455 ± 103 to 228 ± 109 mm Hg (difference 227 ± 108 mm Hg; p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Our positive experience with tocilizumab in combination with methylprednisolone started early after endotracheal intubation may be one avenue for reducing the morbidity and mortality seen with severe coronavirus disease 2019 and merits further exploration in clinical studies.
Subcutaneous Enoxaparin Safely Facilitates Bedside Sustained Low-Efficiency Hemodialysis in Hypercoagulopathic Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients—A Proof-of-Principle Trial
Authors: Neumann-Haefelin Elke , Widmeier Eugen , Bansbach Joachim , Kaufmann Kai , Heinrich Sebastian , Walz Gerd , Bürkle Hartmut , Kalbhenn Johannes 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Renal replacement therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 patients is complicated by increased activation of the coagulation system. This may worsen the quality of hemodialysis and contribute to a shortage of dialysis machines as well as plastic disposables during the pandemic. This study describes a simple and safe protocol of anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin in combination with bedside sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Design:
Monocentric observational cross-over trial investigating sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis with unfractionated heparin following sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis with low-molecular-weight heparin.

Setting:
Coronavirus disease 2019-ICU in a German Tertiary Care University Hospital.

Patients:
Three consecutive severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients receiving nine sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis therapies with unfractionated heparin followed by 18 sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis therapies with low-molecular-weight heparin.

Interventions:
Switch from IV unfractionated heparin to subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin in therapeutic doses for patients receiving bedside sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis.

Measurements and Main Results:
Nine renal replacement therapy sessions in patients anticoagulated with high doses of unfractionated heparin had to be discontinuated prematurely because of clotting of tubes or membrane and poor quality of hemodialysis. In the same patients, the switch to anticoagulation with therapeutic doses of the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin allowed undisturbed bedside sustained low-efficiency hemodialysis for at least 12 hours. Quality of hemodialysis was excellent, no bleeding event was observed.

Conclusions:
Systemic anticoagulation with subcutaneous enoxaparin provides an effective and safe renal replacement procedure in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and hypercoagulability. The protocol reduces the risk of filter clotting, blood loss, and poor dialysis quality and may also prevent systemic thromboembolism.
Quantification of Iridotrabecular Contact in Primary Angle-Closure Disease
Authors: Gupta Barkha , Angmo Dewang , Yadav Suresh , Dada Tanuj , Gupta Viney , Sihota Ramanjit 
Published: June 2020

Precis:
Iridotrabecular contact (ITC), a measure of angle closure, can be quantified along with other angle parameters on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT). Hence, angle changes and angle closure mechanisms can be detected predicting the efficacy of iridotomy.

Purpose:
To assess 360-degree ITC and ocular parameter changes, after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), in primary angle-closure disease (PACD) subgroups.

Methodology:
This was a prospective observational study including 90 subjects, 30 each of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC), and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Anterior segment OCT parameters were measured before and 3 weeks after LPI ITC: central anterior chamber depth, lens vault, angle-opening distance, angle recess area, trabecular iris space area, trabecular iris angle at 500 and 750 μm from scleral spur.

Results:
ITC was highest in PACG, 81.43%±22.39%, followed by PAC, 28.53%±21.30%, and PACS, 10.76%± 8.54% (P=0.011). There was a significant decrease in ITC in all 3 groups after iridotomy (P<0.001), with a residual ITC of 68.56%±26.44% in PACG, 18.23%±15.98% in PAC, and 5.13%±5.11% in PACS. A significant positive correlation was seen between the extent of ITC, baseline intraocular pressure, and visual field index. ITC was highest in eyes with exaggerated lens vault (77.3%±32.03%), as compared with eyes having a plateau iris configuration or relative pupillary block configuration (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Iridotomy at any stage of PACD shows a significant decrease in ITC, with areas of residual ITC. Even in PACG, the iridotomy is effective in exposing parts of the trabecular meshwork that had contact earlier. Greater baseline ITC and postlaser ITC are a biomarker for higher intraocular pressure and greater visual field damage, which need lifelong review and appropriate management.
The Shape of Posterior Sclera as a Biometric Signature in Open-angle Glaucoma: An Intereye Comparison Study
Authors: Kim Yong Chan , Koo Yong Ho , Bin Hwang Hyung , Kang Kui Dong 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To characterize intereye differences in posterior segment parameters and determine their significance in open-angle glaucoma patients with unilateral damage.

Methods:
Both eyes from 65 subjects without any nerve damage and 43 patients undergoing treatment for unilateral open-angle glaucoma were included in this study. A 12.0×9.0×2.6 mm volume of the posterior segment in each eye was scanned with swept-source optical coherence tomography. Coronally reconstructed optical coherence tomography images were analyzed to determine the deepest point of the eye (DPE), which we then calculated the distance (Disc-DPE distance), depth (Disc-DPE depth), angle (Disc-DPE angle) from the optic disc center to the DPE. Posterior pole shape was analyzed measuring the posterior pole-cross-sectional area, posterior pole-horizontal width (PP-HW), and posterior pole-vertical width) of the posterior pole. These measurements and their intereye absolute difference (IAD; absolute difference in measurements between the right and left eyes) values were compared between the healthy and unilateral glaucomatous patients.

Results:
The posterior sclera measurements, including the Disc-DPE distance, Disc-DPE depth, and posterior pole-cross-sectional area, were significantly different between the unilateral glaucoma eyes and contralateral healthy eyes (P=0.043, P=0.035, and P=0.049, respectively). By contrast, none of the intereye differences in optic nerve head parameters were significant in the unilateral glaucoma patients. In comparison with the IAD values, the baseline intraocular pressure and PP-HW of the posterior segment showed significant differences between the healthy and the unilateral glaucoma patients (P=0.019 and P=0.036, respectively). A multivariate analysis showed that a larger baseline intraocular pressure IAD [odds ratio (OR), 1.381; P=0.009)] and larger PP-HW IAD (OR, 1.324; P=0.032) were significantly associated with the presence of glaucoma.

Conclusions:
Compared with the fellow healthy eyes, glaucomatous eyes had larger and more steeply curved posterior poles, which represent a structural variation of the posterior sclera that might be associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Automated Gonioscopy Assessment of XEN45 Gel Stent Angle Location After Isolated XEN or Combined Phaco-XEN Procedures: Clinical Implications
Authors: Barão Rafael C. , José Patrícia , Teixeira Filipa J. , Ferreira Nuno P. , Sens Paula , Pinto Luis Abegão 
Published: June 2020

Précis:
Angle location of the XEN implant both in isolated and in combined procedures did not appear to influence long-term outcomes. However, more posterior stent placements seem to be associated with increased early postoperative complications.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess success and safety outcomes of different levels of insertion of the XEN45 gel stent in the angle in standalone and combined procedures.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of patients in whom XEN had been implanted without intraoperative gonioscopy. Automated gonioscopy was used for postoperative analysis of the XEN location, classified as anterior or posterior relative to the scleral spur. Absolute success was defined as ≥20% intraocular pressure decrease from baseline and ranging from 6 to 21 mm Hg without medication and qualified success if medicated. The need for additional drainage surgery was considered failure, but needling was allowed. Clinical data were retrieved from patient files.

Results:
Gonioscopy-assisted XEN location was performed on 42 eyes of 33 patients (14 isolated and 28 combined procedures) on average 18±9 months after surgery. Absolute (32% vs. 35%; P>0.99) and qualified (44% vs. 65%; P=0.22) success was similar in both anterior and posterior placements, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis yielded similar median survival times for both groups. The distribution of XEN insertion level in the angle was similar in standalone and combined procedures (P=0.75). Although overall safety outcome measures did not differ significantly, the proportion of intraoperative and early postoperative complications was higher in posterior XEN placements (P=0.03).

Conclusions:
Different locations of XEN45 did not seem to significantly impact late success and safety outcomes, although stents inserted more posteriorly may be associated with a higher rate of early complications. Combined implantation of XEN with phacoemulsification does not seem to influence stent location in the iridocorneal angle in a setting without intraoperative gonioscopy.
The Effects of L-Carnitine on Echocardiographic Changes in Patients With β-Thalassemia Major and Intermedia
Authors: Shahidi Mohsen , Hashemi Sayedeh Rozhin , Fattahi Nima , Roshani Daem , Vahedi Siamak , Sharifi Pezhman , Moradveisi Borhan 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Heart failure, fatal arrhythmias, and cardiac dilatation because of anemia are common causes of β-thalassemia major–related deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine on echocardiographic changes in β-thalassemia major and intermedia patients in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran.

Methods:
In a randomized clinical trial, 60 β-thalassemia patients who were eligible for L-carnitine administration were randomly divided into 2 placebo and study drug groups. The duration of the study was 6 months. Using echocardiography and blood tests, cardiac parameters including left ventricular dilatation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and a number of cardiac blood indices were examined before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS V.23 software, χ2, and covariance statistical tests.

Results:
There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of age and sex. Patients treated with L-carnitine have a reduced rate of left ventricular dilatation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and systolic blood pressure compared with controls (P<0.05). Cardiac output increased from 43.5 to 56.5 (P=0.002).

Conclusions:
The results of this study showed that the drug has a positive effect on the improvement of cardiac indices in β-thalassemia patients. Therefore, we suggest that further studies with more samples and other diagnostic modalities of the drug’s effect be investigated.
Behavioral Observation of Infants With Life-Threatening or Life-Limiting Illness in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Fortney Christine A. , Sealschott Stephanie D. , Pickler Rita H. 
Published: June 2020

Background
Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit experience aversive stimuli that cause pain and distress. Maintaining adequate relief from pain and distress is challenging because of infants’ varying ages and stages of development and their nonverbal status. Thus, pain and distress must be interpreted by a healthcare provider or other proxy from their own observations or perceptions. There is no standard research or clinical measure for pain and distress in infants.

Objective
The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the use of the COMFORT Behavior (COMFORT-B) Scale as a measure of pain and distress in infants diagnosed with life-threatening or life-limiting illnesses in the neonatal intensive care unit in comparison with the nurse-documented Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale; the infants’ Technology Dependence Scale; and the mothers’ report of total perceived symptom scores.

Methods
Infants diagnosed with life-threatening or life-limiting illnesses and hospitalized in a Level IV neonatal intensive care unit in the Midwestern United States and their parents were included. Measurement of pain and distress in infants was collected weekly from enrollment through 12 weeks or until discharge, whichever occurred first. Observations for the COMFORT-B Scale were conducted before and after standard caregiving activities. Pearson r correlations were used to compare means between pain and distress, technology dependence, and mothers’ total perceived symptom scores over time.

Results
Data from 78 infants (46 male and 32 female infants) of ages 23–41 weeks of gestation at birth were analyzed. No correlations were found among the COMFORT-B Scale; the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale; and mothers’ total perceived symptom scores. Moderate correlations were found among the Technology Dependence Scale; mothers’ total perceived symptom scores; and the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale.

Discussion
Performing COMFORT-B observations can be challenging, and it is unclear whether the information obtained from the COMFORT-B Scale added to the assessment of the infant’s pain and distress that is typically recorded in the health record or from parents. Further evaluation is needed to determine if it is more reliable to collect the Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale scores rather than conduct observations using the COMFORT-B Scale in studies of infants with life-threatening and life-limiting illnesses in the neonatal intensive care unit.