bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment in patients with heart failure: an international study
Authors: Vellone Ercole , Chialà Oronzo , Boyne Josiane , Klompstra Leonie , Evangelista Lorraine S. , Back Maria , Ben Gal Tuvia , Mårtensson Jan , Strömberg Anna , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsCognitive impairment (CI) in heart failure (HF) patients has mostly been studied in single countries in specific health care settings. Sociodemographic and clinical predictors of the global CI and CI dimensions are still unclear. We described CI in a diverse HF population recruited in several countries and in different health care settings and investigated sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the global and specific CI dimensions in HF patients.Methods and resultsA secondary analysis from the baseline data of the Wii‐HF trial. Patients (n = 605) were enrolled in Sweden, Italy, Israel, The Netherlands, Germany, and the United States. We used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to evaluate CI and the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) to measure exercise capacity. Patients were on average 67 years old (SD, 12), and 86% were in New York Heart Association Class II and III. The mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 24 (SD, 4), and 67% of patients had at least a mild CI. The item evaluating short‐term memory had a considerable proportion of low scoring patients (28.1%). Worse CI was associated with patients' older age, lower education, and lower 6MWT scores (R2 = 0.27). CI dimension scores were differently associated with specific clinical and demographic variables, but the 6MWT scores were associated with five out of seven CI dimension scores.ConclusionsCI is an important problem in HF patients, with specific challenges in regard to memory. Exercise capacity is a modifiable factor that could be improved in HF patients with the potential to improve cognition and other outcomes in this population.
MWCNT/Nileblue Heterostructured Composite Electrode for Flavanone Naringenin Quantification in Fruit Juices
Authors: Manasa G. , Mascarenhas Ronald J , Bhakta Arvind K , Mekhalif Zineb 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNaringenin (NR) displays strong antioxidant and numerous pharmacological activities, mitigating severity of metabolic‐syndromes without undesirable side‐effects. With the upsurge of interest in administering NR as diet‐supplement antioxidant, in this work for the first time we implemented functionalized‐MWCNT/Nileblue‐composite on carbon paste electrode (fMWNCT/NB/MCPE), as electrochemical sensor for catalytic NR oxidation. Integrated properties of fMWCNT/NB and their consonance with CPE, led to lowering of Rctvalue with fast‐kinetics and diminution of over‐potential. NR determination was due to electrical‐conductivity, π‐π and electrostatic‐forces that magnified anodic current by 5.5 fold. In the pH range 3.0 to 10.0 NR undergoes irreversible oxidation via transfer of 1e−/H+. Critical parameters, namely, pH and scan rate were assessed to reinforce differential pulse voltammtery (DPV) sensitivity for quantitative measurements. Sensor's selectivity, stability, accuracy and reproducibility were determined. Finally its viability in quantifying NR was validated by scrutinizing NR fortified fruit juices, as real sample matrices.
A feasibility study of using frac‐packed wells to produce natural gas from subsea gas hydrate resources
Authors: Shan Liqun , Fu ChunKai , Liu Yanchang , Qi Yanyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFrac‐packing is an attractive technique to stimulate production for gas hydrate reservoirs with the additional benefit of solving the problematic sand production problems. So far, there have been no documented mathematical models to predict the propagation of fractures and to forecast gas production for frac‐packed gas wells. An analytical model was derived to predict the propagation of a horizontal fracture and to assess the well productivity in frac‐packed gas wells in a gas hydrate reservoir. The model assumes a steady, single‐gas, Darcy flow in the matrix and fracture. Case analyses were performed for key design and operational parameters with the analytical model. The result shows that it is easy to control the relationship between the wellbore fracturing pressure and injecting flow rate, and thus, fractures of any length can be produced in the fracture penetration process of frac‐packed wells. Case analysis also shows that the gas production rate increases nonlinearly with the fracture propagation and increases linearly with the fracture width. The increase in fracture width turns out to be surprisingly effective in improving well productivity without threshold within the investigated range of width. It was also found that the increase in fracture permeability contributes more to the productivity of the frac‐packed wells than the increase in matrix permeability. The model also assumes no flow at the boundary of the reservoir, which may underestimate those gas hydrate reservoirs with pressure supply. This work uses a theoretical approach to estimate the productivity of the frac‐packed gas hydrate reservoirs, which may benefit in solving the sand production issue during the production process as well.
Experimental and numerical simulation study on the flow characteristics and optimization of structural parameters of displacement agent in partial pressure tools
Authors: Huang Bin , Hu Xinyu , Fu Cheng , Cheng Haoran , Li Yuehua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of reservoir heterogeneity in the process of oil displacement, Daqing oilfield has proposed a partial pressure injection technology (using partial pressure tools). The partial pressure tool can improve the overall oil displacement effect by reducing the pressure of the displacement agent and adjusting the injection amount of the displacement agent in the high‐permeability oil layer. In order to study the effect of the partial pressure tool on the polymer solution, the flow characteristics of the polymer solution in the partial pressure tool were studied by finite element analysis, and the results of the numerical simulation were compared and verified by laboratory experiments. Then, the optimal structural parameters of the partial pressure tool were selected by orthogonal experiments. Finally, field tests were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the partial pressure tool. The results show that when the flow rate is 10 m3/d, the pressure drop of the polymer solution reaches 6.08 × 105 Pa and the viscosity loss rate reaches 6.69%, while the physical parameters of the solution change periodically under the action of the partial pressure tool. At a low flow rate, the results of the laboratory experiment and numerical simulation fit well, and the optimal structural parameters of the partial pressure tool are selected. Field tests show that the oil recovery is increased by 2.54% after using partial pressure tools. The research results are of great significance to the study of resolving interlayer conflicts and enhancing oil recovery.
A GIS method to identify flat surfaces and restore relict fluvial long‐profiles from terrace remnants gives new clues on how large basins respond to endorheic–exorheic transitions (Duero basin, Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Laura , Antón Loreto , Pallàs Raimon , García‐Castellanos Daniel , Jiménez‐Munt Ivone , Pastor‐Martín Candela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFluvial terraces are used as geomorphic indicators for deciphering long‐term landscape evolution. Knowing the distribution of fluvial terraces is essential for establishing former river profiles and their tectonic significance, for studying climate‐modulated processes of terrace development, or for defining fluvial network adjustments in response to sudden base‐level changes like those produced by fluvial captures. Multiple methods for automatic map production have been proposed based on the comparison of morphometric indices with those of the modern river course. Here we propose an alternative method to identify flat surfaces and scarps separating them from digital elevation models without setting comparisons with a modern river course and thus fully applicable to study flat landforms whatever their origin. Its application to the low‐relief landscape of the Cenozoic Duero basin has allowed the improvement of previous geomorphological maps and the analysis of fluvial network adjustments in response to a sudden base‐level fall after the opening of the Neogene endorheic basin towards the Atlantic Ocean. Reconstructed terrace long‐profiles suggest an initial episode of fast vertical incision followed by a period of repeated planation–aggradation–incision with the formation of 14 to 13 unpaired terrace levels. Changes observed in the pattern of terrace profiles are discussed with regard to changes in regional tectonics and base‐level variations. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐order time discretization for a coupled quasi‐Newtonian fluid‐poroelastic system
Authors: Kunwar Hemanta , Lee Hyesuk , Seelman Kyle 
Published: December 2019

SummaryNumerical methods are proposed for the nonlinear Stokes‐Biot system modeling interaction of a free fluid with a poroelastic structure. We discuss time discretization and decoupling schemes that allow the fluid and the poroelastic structure computed independently using a common stress force along the interface. The coupled system of nonlinear Stokes and Biot is formulated as a least‐squares problem with constraints, where the objective functional measures violation of some interface conditions. The local constraints, the Stokes and Biot models, are discretized in time using second‐order schemes. Computational algorithms for the least‐squares problems are discussed and numerical results are provided to compare the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms.
A comes before B, like 1 comes before 2. Is the parietal cortex sensitive to ordinal relationships in both numbers and letters? An fMRI‐adaptation study
Authors: Goffin Celia , Vogel Stephan E. , Slipenkyj Michael , Ansari Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow are number symbols (e.g., Arabic digits) represented in the brain? Functional resonance imaging adaptation (fMRI‐A) research has indicated that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) exhibits a decrease in activation with the repeated presentation of the same number, that is followed by a rebound effect with the presentation of a new number. This rebound effect is modulated by the numerical ratio or difference between presented numbers. It has been suggested that this ratio‐dependent rebound effect is reflective of a link between the symbolic numerical representation system and an approximate magnitude system. Experiment 1 used fMRI‐A to investigate an alternative hypothesis: that the rebound effect observed in the IPS is related to the ordinal relationships between symbols (e.g., 3 comes before 4; C after B). In Experiment 1, adult participants exhibited the predicted distance‐dependent parametric rebound effect bilaterally in the IPS for number symbols during a number adaptation task, however, the same effect was not found anywhere in the brain in response to letters. When numbers were contrasted with letters (numbers > letters), the left intraparietal lobule remained significant. Experiment 2 demonstrated that letter stimuli used in Experiment 1 generated a behavioral distance effect during an active ordinality task, despite the lack of a neural distance effect using fMRI‐A. The current study does not support the hypothesis that general ordinal mechanisms underpin the neural parametric recovery effect in the IPS in response to number symbols. Additional research is needed to further our understanding of mechanisms underlying symbolic numerical representation in the brain.
A comprehensive analysis of Universal Soil Loss Equation‐based models at the Sparacia experimental area
Authors: Bagarello Vincenzo , Ferro Vito , Pampalone Vincenzo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImproving Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)‐based models has large interest because simple and reliable analytical tools are necessary in the perspective of a sustainable land management. At first, in this paper, a general definition of the event rainfall‐ runoff erosivity factor for the USLE‐based models, REFe = (QR)b1(EI30)b2, in which QR is the event runoff coefficient, EI30 is the single‐storm erosion index, and b1 and b2 are coefficients, was introduced. The rainfall‐runoff erosivity factors of the USLE (b1 = 0 and b2 = 1), USLE‐M (b1 = b2 = 1), USLE‐MB (b1 ≠ 1 and b2 = 1), USLE‐MR (b1 = 1 and b2 ≠ 1), USLE‐MM (b1 = b2 ≠ 1), and USLE‐M2 (b1 ≠ b2 ≠ 1) can be defined using REFe. Then the different expressions of REFe were simultaneously tested against a data set of normalized bare plot soil losses, AeN, collected at the Sparacia (south Italy) site. As expected, the poorest AeN predictions were obtained with the USLE. The observed tendency of this model to overestimate small AeN values and underestimate high AeN values was reduced by introducing in the soil loss prediction model both QR and an exponent for the erosivity term. The fitting to the data was poor with the USLE‐MR as compared with the USLE‐MB and the USLE‐MM. Estimating two distinct exponents (USLE‐M2) instead of a single exponent (USLE‐MB, USLE‐MR, and USLE‐MM) did not appreciably improve soil loss prediction. The USLE‐MB and the USLE‐MM were recognized to be the best performing models among the possible alternatives, and they performed similarly with reference to both the complete data set and different sub‐data sets, only including small, intermediate, and severe erosion events. In conclusion, including the runoff coefficient in the soil loss prediction model is important to improve the quality of the predictions, but a great importance has to be paid to the mathematical structure of the model.
Recent advances in low‐dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials and their applications in high‐performance photodetectors
Authors: Fang Jingzhi , Zhou Ziqi , Xiao Mengqi , Lou Zheng , Wei Zhongming , Shen Guozhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLow‐dimensional (including two‐dimensional [2D], one‐dimensional [1D], and zero‐dimensional [0D]) semiconductor materials have great potential in electronic/optoelectronic applications due to their unique structure and characteristics. Many 2D (such as transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus) and 1D (such as NWs) materials have demonstrated superior performance in field effect transistors, photodetectors (PDs), and some flexible devices. And in some hybrid structures of 0D materials and 1D or 2D materials, the modification of 1D and 2D devices by 0D materials is embodied. This type of hybrid heterostructure has a larger performance optimization compared with the original. In the application of PDs, the variety of low‐dimensional materials and properties enable wide‐spectrum detection from ultraviolet UV to infrared, which provide a potential option for PDs under various conditions. For flexible electronic devices, high performance and mechanical stability are two important features. Low‐dimensional materials offer unparalleled advantages in flexible devices. In this review, we will focus on the various low‐dimensional materials that have been extensively studied and their applications in the electronics/optoelectronic and flexible electronics. From the composition and lattice structure of materials (including alloys) to the construction of various devices and heterostructures, we will introduce their application and recent development under various conditions. These works can provide valuable guidance for the construction and application of more high‐performance and multifunctional devices.image
The role of lncRNA MALAT1 in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Yan Youyou , Song Dandan , Song Xianjing , Song Chunli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the first leading cause of death worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanism of signaling pathways involved in pathology of CVD is benefit for targeted therapeutics. Recently, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are found and involved in regulation of pathology of CVD at different levels. Among them, MALAT1 attracted more attention as it was profoundly expressed in endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes in response to the risk factors of CVD, such as hypoxia, high glucose, cytokine, and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize recent progresses in research on the molecular mechanism of MALAT1 on regulating the pathophysiological processes of CVD as well as its potential therapeutic applications.
High‐dimensional single‐cell proteomics analysis reveals the landscape of immune cells and stem‐like cells in renal tumors
Authors: Li Zhijian , Hu Jiaxin , Qin Zhao , Tao Yuting , Lai Zhiyong , Wang Qiuyan , Li Tianyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRenal tumors are highly heterogeneous, and identification of tumor heterogeneity is an urgent clinical need for effective treatment. Mass cytometry (MC) can be used to perform high‐dimensional single‐cell proteomics analysis of heterogeneous samples via cytometry by time‐of‐flight (CyTOF), in order to achieve more accurate observation and classification of phenotypes within a cell population. This study aimed to develop a high‐dimensional MC method for the detection and analysis of heterogeneity in renal tumors.Materials and MethodsWe collected tissue samples from 8 patients with different types of renal tumors. Single‐cell suspensions were prepared and stained using a panel of 28 immune cell‐centric antibodies and a panel of 21 stem‐like cell‐centric antibodies. The stained cells were detected using CyTOF.ResultRenal tumors were divided into 25 immune cell subsets (4 CD4+ T cells, 7 CD8+ T cells, 1 B cells, 8 macrophages, 1 dendritic cells, 2 natural killer (NK) cells, 1 granulocyte, and 1 other subset) and 7 stem‐like cells subsets (based on positivity of vimentin, CD326, CD34, CD90, CD13, CD44, and CD47). Different types of renal tumors have different cell subsets with significantly different characteristics.ConclusionHigh‐dimensional single‐cell proteomics analysis using MC aids in the discovery and analysis of renal tumors heterogeneity. Additionally, it can be used to accurately classify the immune cell population and analyze the expression of stem cell‐related markers in renal tumors. Our findings provide a valuable resource for deciphering tumor heterogeneity and might improve the clinical management of patients with renal tumors.
Limitations of dual‐fluorescent HIV reporter viruses in a model of pre‐activation latency
Authors: Kim Youry , Cameron Paul U , Lewin Sharon R , Anderson Jenny L 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionHIV latency can be established in vitro following direct infection of a resting CD4+ T cell (pre‐activation latency) or infection of an activated CD4+ T cell which then returns to a resting state (post‐activation latency). We modified a previously published dual‐fluorescent reporter virus seeking to track the establishment and reactivation of pre‐activation latency in primary CD4+ T cells.MethodsA previously published dual‐fluorescent reporter virus was modified so that expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) was under control of the elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) promoter to detect latent infection, and E2 crimson (E2CRM) was under control of the nef promoter to detect productive infection. NL4.3 that expressed GFP in place of nef was used as a positive control. We infected the Jurkat T‐cell line and primary CD4+ T cells that were either unstimulated or stimulated with either the chemokine CCL19 or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)/IL‐2 and quantified the expression of both fluorescent proteins by flow cytometry. The study was carried out over a period of two years from September 2016 to October 2018.Results and DiscussionExpression of both fluorophores was detected following infection of the Jurkat T‐cell line while only low levels of the latent reporter were observed following infection of primary CD4+ T cells. In unstimulated and CCL19‐treated CD4+ T cells, expression of the GFP latent reporter, increased after further activation of the cells with PHA/phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the EF1α promoter has poor constitutive expression in resting CD4+ T cells. Therefore, dual‐fluorescent reporter viruses with the EF1α promoter may underestimate the frequency of latent infection in resting CD4+ T cells.
Synchronous Breast Cancer: Phenotypic Similarities on MRI
Authors: Wang Hui , van der Velden Bas H.M. , Chan Hui Shan M. , Loo Claudette E. , Viergever Max A. , Gilhuijs Kenneth G.A. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown discrepancies between index and synchronous breast cancer in histology and molecular phenotype. It is yet unknown whether this observation also applies to the MRI phenotype.PurposeTo investigate whether the appearance of breast cancer on MRI (i.e. phenotype) is different from that of additional breast cancer (i.e. synchronous cancer), and whether such a difference, if it exists, is associated with prognosis.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 464 consecutive patients with early‐stage ER+/HER2– breast cancer were included; 34/464 (7.3%) had 44 synchronous cancers in total (34 ipsilateral, 10 contralateral).Sequence1.5T, contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted.AssessmentWe assessed imaging phenotype using 50 quantitative features from each cancer and applied principal component analysis (PCA) to identify independent properties. The degree of phenotype difference was assessed. An association between phenotype differences and prognosis in terms of the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) and PREDICT score were analyzed.Statistical TestsPCA; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Benjamini–Hochberg to control the false discovery rate.ResultsPCA identified eight components in patients with ipsilateral synchronous cancer. Six out of eight were significantly different between index and synchronous cancer. These components represented features describing texture (three components, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.004), size (P < 0.001), smoothness (P < 0.001), and kinetics (P = 0.004). Phenotype differences in terms of the six components were split in tertiles. Larger phenotype differences in size, kinetics, and texture were associated with significantly worse prognosis in terms of NPI (P = 0.019, P = 0.045, P = 0.014), but not for the PREDICT score (P = 0.109, P = 0.479, P = 0.109). PCA identified six components in patients with contralateral synchronous cancer. None were significantly different from the index cancer (P = 0.178, P = 0.178, P = 0.178, P = 0.326, P = 0.739, P = 0.423).Data ConclusionThe MRI phenotype of ER+/HER2– breast cancer was different from that of ipsilateral synchronous cancer and a large phenotype difference was associated with worse prognosis. No significant difference was found for synchronous contralateral cancer.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1858–1867.