bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T219. REAL LIFE FUNCTIONING IN 22Q11 DELETION SYNDROME (DS) IN COMPARISON TO SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBJECTS: STUDY ON PSYCHOSES VULNERABILITY FACTORS. DATA FROM THE MULTICENTER STUDY OF THE ITALIAN NETWORK FOR RESEARCH ON PSYCHOSES
Authors: Carlone Luca , Frascarelli Marianna , Buzzanca Antonino , Accinni Tommaso , Ghezzi Francesco , Fanella Martina , Putotto Carolina , Girardi Nicoletta , Pasquini Massimo , Di Fabio Fabio , Biondi Massimo , Frascarelli Marianna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
22q11DS is the most common microdeletion with an incidence of 1:4000 live births. It is considered a genetic biological model for psychosis vulnerability: 25–28% of 22q11DS adults is affected by a psychotic disorder. Few data are available regarding functioning in 22q11DS. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that functioning is similar in 22q11DS psychotic and non-psychotic patients, and idiopathic schizophrenic subjects. We expected also a correlation between negative symptoms and functioning.

Methods
Data come from Italian Network for Research on Psychoses for the Schizophrenic (SCZ, N=252) and Control groups (HC, N=110). 22q11DS psychotic (22q11DS_SCZ, N=21) and non-psychotic patients (22q11DS, N=23) were enrolled at Policlinico Umberto I, in Rome. The SLOF scale (Specific Levels of Functioning) and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale interview (BNSS) were employed.

Results
The Global Functioning was significantly different between all groups but not between 22q11DS groups and SCZ. The multivariate analysis of variance showed the higher effect size for the Interpersonal Functioning, in which differences resulted significant between all groups, except for the comparison between 22q11DS-SCZ and SCZ. Differences between groups in BNSS were significant except for the post-hoc 22q11DS-SCZ vs SCZ. Global and Interpersonal Functioning showed a significant negative correlation with BNSS scores in the three clinical groups.

Discussion
22q11DS-SCZ showed a severe deficit in Interpersonal Functioning, similar to that of idiopathic schizophrenia. 22q11DS showed a deficit in Interpersonal Functioning respect to control group, but less severe than psychotic groups. Our data suggest a common impairment shared among the clinical groups, that may be the functional correlate of an underlying neurobiological mechanism.
M106. VIRTUAL-REALITY COGNITIVE TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Porffy Lilla , Mouchlianitis Elias , Joyce Dan W , Szentgyorgyi Timea , Whomersley Gabriella , Patchitt Joel , Brett Jack , Shergill Sukhi S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
It is widely accepted that neurocognitive performance is linked to functional outcomes in schizophrenia (Green, Kern, Braff, & Mintz, 2000). Research, however, shows that this relationship is likely to be mediated by other factors such as social competence (Brekke, Kay, Lee, & Green, 2005). Indeed, performance on cognitive tasks only explain 20% of the variance in work related skills (Bowie et al., 2008). Furthermore, the composite score generated by the gold standard neurocognitive measure, the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), fails to predict work or education related functioning and independent living (August, Kiwanuka, McMahon, & Gold, 2012). To address these limitations, we developed a novel and ecologically valid virtual reality (VR) task with the aim to simultaneously measure cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia. The assessment is set in a minimarket environment where participants are required to buy selected items from a shopping list. In this study, our objective was to establish the construct validity of the VR task in relation to the MCCB, and test whether it can predict functional outcomes. In addition, we tested whether app-based cognitive training can improve cognition and/or functional outcomes at follow-up as an exploratory objective.

Methods
Thirty patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were recruited from South London. At baseline, participants completed the VR task and MCCB, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and various functional capacity/outcome measures including the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief (UPSA-B), and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II). A subset of participants was randomly allocated to receive a 4-week long, app-based training; either playing with an immersive or a 2D spatial memory training game. Those who completed the training were invited back for a follow-up visit. Construct validity of the VR task will be assessed through a series of bivariate correlations. The predictive ability of the VR task for functional outcomes will be tested through linear regression models. Finally, the efficacy of spatial memory training will be assessed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results
Data analysis is currently ongoing, and results will be presented at the conference.

Discussion
This study will provide the first indication whether VR can be employed to test cognition and functional capacity simultaneously in patients with schizophrenia. Given the current lack of reliable and ecologically valid functional outcome measures, new assessments that are sensitive to clinically meaningful cognitive improvements are desperately needed.
M116. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL MEDIATORS BETWEEN ADVERSITY AND PSYCHOSIS: POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR TREATMENT
Authors: Alameda Luis , Rodriguez Victoria , Aas Monica , carrr Ewan , Trotta Giulia , Marino Paolo , Vorontsova Natasha , Herane-Vives Andres , Di Forti Marta , Morgan Craig , Murray Murray Robin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Various psychological and biological pathways have been proposed as mediators between childhood adverse events (CA) and psychosis. A systematic review of the evidence in this domain is needed; open new venues for treatment interventions in traumatized patients with psychosis.
The aim of the current work is to systematically review the evidence on clinical and biological mediators between CA and psychosis across the psychosis spectrum.

Methods
This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between 1979 and July 2019 were identified through a literature search in OVID (PsychINFO; Medline and Embase). The direction of the evidence by each analysis and each study was presented by group of mediator categories found in the review; the percentage of total effect mediated was calculated and whether the mediation was partial, total or null (if it was absent) was reported.

Results
47 studies were included, with a total of 72286 GP subjects and 2800 from clinical samples. The quality of studies was judges as “fair”. We found (i) solid evidence of mediation between CA and psychosis by negative cognitive schemas about the self, the world and others (NS); by dissociation and other PTSD symptoms; (ii) evidence of a partial mediation through an affective pathway (affective dysregulation, anxiety and depression) in GP; (iii) that feeling of loneliness appeared as an important mediator that should be further explored; (iv) lack of studies exploring biological mediators; (v) little evidence supporting the mediating role of dysfunctional attachment between CA and psychosis.

Discussion
Experiences of adversity, alongside with all relevant mediators such as PTSD and mood related symptoms and NS should be routinely assessed in patients with psychosis. Targeting such mediators through cognitive behavioural approaches such as trauma-focused therapy and/or pharmacological means could be a beneficial add on to the traditional treatment of positive symptoms.
M149. THE TOPOGRAPHY OF STRIATAL DOPAMINE AND SYMPTOMS IN PSYCHOSIS: AN INTEGRATIVE PET AND MRI STUDY
Authors: McCutcheon Rob , Jauhar Sameer , Pepper Fiona , Nour Matthew , Rogdaki Maria , Veronese Mattia , Turkheimer Federico , Egerton Alice , McGuire Philip , Mehta Mitul , Howes Oliver 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Striatal dopamine dysfunction is proposed to underlie symptoms in psychosis, yet it is not known how changes in a single neurotransmitter could underlie the heterogenous presentations that are seen clinically. One hypothesis is that the symptomatic consequences of aberrant dopamine signalling may depend on where within the striatum dysfunction occurs. Positron emission tomography (PET) allows for the measurement of dopamine function across the striatum. However, when using typical atlas-based parcellation methods, the collinearity between measures of dopamine function within each striatal subdivision precludes investigation of this hypothesis.

Methods
We use a novel and data-driven parcellation method to address the above, and investigate relationships between spatial variability in dopamine synthesis capacity and psychotic symptoms. We employ a multimodal imaging approach combining 18F-DOPA PET and resting state MRI in 29 unmedicated and minimally-treated patients with first episode psychosis and 21 healthy controls. In each participant, we use resting state functional connectivity maps to quantify the functional connectivity of each striatal voxel to cortical networks. Network-specific striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (Kicer) was calculated for the resulting connectivity defined parcellations.

Results
Connectivity defined parcellations generated Kicer values with equivalent reliability, and significantly greater orthogonality to standard anatomical parcellation methods. Dopamine function within striatal areas connected to the default mode network is strongly associated with negative symptoms (p&lt;0.001).

Discussion
These findings suggest that individual differences in the topography of striatal dopamine dysfunction contribute to shaping psychotic symptomatology.
M177. THE PROTEOME OF OLIGODENDROCYTES DIFFERENTIATED FROM NEURAL STEM CELL DERIVED FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS
Authors: Teles Rodrigues Caroline , Martins-De-Souza Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Oligodendrocytes constitute the majority of the cells in white matter and alterations in this region have been reported in patients with schizophrenia. The myelin sheath is produced exclusively by mature oligodendrocytes. Thus, a dysfunction during the maturation of these cells could lead to a change in normal myelination processes, causing the hypomyelination observed in patients with schizophrenia. In this manner, functional studies are needed for a better connection of these different aspects of the disease in order to understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia in an integrated manner. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the differences between the proteome of oligodendrocytes derived from neural stem cells (NSCs) from patients with schizophrenia and controls.

Methods
The cells were differentiated using the protocol described by Yan, Shin, Jha and collaborators (Yan, Shin, Jha, et al., 2013). After 14 days, the proteins were extracted and proteomic analyses were performed in a two-dimensional microUPLC coupled to nano ESI-Q-IM-TOF mass spectrometer. Progenesis® QI software was used in order to identify and quantify the proteins.

Results
On average, 2046 proteins were identified and 444 had alterations in the expression levels. These differentially expressed proteins were related most with metabolism, RNA transport, spliceosome machinery, vesicular transport, and signal transduction.

Discussion
The proteins and canonical pathways found here may contribute to understanding the biochemical mechanisms involved in the disorder, which may provide new targets for the development of more effective treatments, improving the schizophrenic patient’s quality of life.
M209. TO WHOM WE PRESCRIBE LONG ACTING ANTPSYCHOTICS AT DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL?
Authors: Ucok Alp , Şenay Olcay , Mursalova Zhala , Gadimov Shahriyar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Although the growing evidence show the advantages of long acting injectable (LAI)antipsychotics on treatment of psychotic disorders, characteristics of the patients with psychotic disorders using LAI is not studied enough. The aim of this retrospective study is to understand the clinical characteristics of the patients with psychotic disorders to whom any LAI was prescribed at discharge from hospital

Methods
We screened the files of 400 inpatients with psychosis spectrum disorders who were treated in inpatient units of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry between 01.01.2014-01.016.2019. We recorded the last admission if the patient had more than one hospitalization. We compared the variables including illness duration, diagnosis, presence of involuntary hospitalization, insight, substance/alcohol abuse, forensic problems between those who were prescribed LAI and others. We also applied logistic regression analysis to detect the independent predictors of LAI prescription.

Results
Thirty-nine percent of the patients were given LAI at discharge. Patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders were more common compared to psychotic disorder NOS/schizophreniform disorder in LAI group (p&lt;0.001). Those who prescribed LAI were older and had longer duration of psychotic disorder. Poor insight at admission, past and present noncompliance, involuntary admission (64,5% vs 35,5%, p=0.003) and history of forensi problems (63% vs 37%, p=0.01)were more common in LAI group. Past ECT treatment, antipsychotic polypharmacy and LAI treatment in past were more common in LAI group. Lack of insight at admission, history of LAI treatment before and noncompliance to medications before hospitalization were appeared as predictors of LAI prescription at discharge in logistic regression. We found no relationship between LAI prescription and drug abuse, treatment resistance and psychiatric comorbidity.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that LAIs were prescribed to chronic and older inpatients with lack of insight, and compliance at admission. The patients who were prescribed LAI also had indirect indicators of poor outcome, like previous ECT and polypharmacy. Contrary to previous reports, we found no difference in alcohol/substance abuse between those who were prescribed LAI and others.
S133. DIAGNOSED SPEECH, SCHOLASTIC AND MOTOR DISORDERS AS PREDICTORS FOR NON-AFFECTIVE PSYCHOSES
Authors: Gyllenberg David , Arrhenius Bianca , Suominen Auli , Sourander Andre 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Premorbid cognitive impairments are associated with schizophrenia, but little is known about the risk of developing psychoses among children with diagnosed speech, scholastic and motor disorders. Our aim was to study if children diagnosed with these are at increased risk of non-affective psychoses in adolescence and early adulthood.

Methods
We identified all children born 1996–2001 that were diagnosed with a speech disorder (ICD-10 code F80), scholastic disorder (F81), motor disorder (F82) or mixed developmental disorder (F83) before age 15 in outpatient and inpatient specialized services in Finland by using nationwide registers (n=17,038). A control cohort of children without these disorders was identified (n=63,745). The outcome was non-affective psychoses (F20-F29) diagnosed between age 15 years and the end of year 2017 (maximum age at end of follow-up: 16.0–21.9 years). We used Cox regression to study the association between speech, scholastic and motor disorders and psychoses and adjusted for sex, urbanicity and comorbid depression and conduct disorders.

Results
A total of 216 and 251 subjects were diagnosed with non-affective psychoses during follow-up in the cohort of speech, scholastic and motor disorders and the control-cohort, respectively. The cumulative incidence of psychoses from age 15.0 to 21.9 years was 2.4 % (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 - 2.8 %) in the cohort of speech, scholastic and motor disorders compared to 0.8 % (95% CI 0.7 % - 1.0 %) in the control-cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.6, 95% CI 2.2 - 3.2). When stratified by a pure or a combination of at least two speech, scholastic and motor disorders, all categories were significantly associated with psychoses with the highest HR for motor disorders (aHR 3.6, 95% CI 2.0 - 6.4), followed by the combination of different speech, scholastic and motor disorders (3.3, 2.4 - 4.4), pure scholastic disorders (2.4, 1.5 - 3.7) and pure speech disorders (1.7, 1.2 - 2.6).

Discussion
Non-affective psychoses in late adolescence and early adulthood are associated with speech, scholastic and motor disorders diagnosed in childhood, in particular motor development disorders.
S146. ASSOCIATION OF IMPAIRED MODEL-FREE DECISION-MAKING WITH ABERRANT STRIATAL DOPAMINE, BRAIN ACTIVATION, AND COGNITIVE DIFFICULTIES IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA DURING PSYCHOTIC REMISSION
Authors: Brandl Felix , Avram Mihai , Cabello Jorge , Mustafa Mona , Leucht Claudia , Leucht Stefan , Ziegler Sibylle , Wunderlich Klaus , Sorg Christian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Human decision-making ranges between the extremes of automatic and fast model-free behavior (i.e., relying only on previous outcomes) and more flexible, but computationally demanding model-based behavior (i.e., implementing cognitive models). Model-based/model-free decision-making can be investigated using sequential decision tasks and has been shown to be associated with presynaptic striatal dopamine synthesis. During phases of psychotic remission in schizophrenia, dopamine synthesis in the dorsal striatum is reduced. We hypothesized that particularly model-free decision-making is impaired in schizophrenia during psychotic remission and is associated with (i) abnormal dopamine synthesis in dorsal striatum, (ii) aberrant task-activation in dorsal striatum, and (iii) cognitive difficulties in patients (e.g., reduced speed).

Methods
26 patients with chronic schizophrenia, currently in psychotic remission, and 22 healthy controls (matched by age and gender) were enrolled in the study. Model-based/model-free decision-making was evaluated with a two-stage Markov decision task, followed by computational modeling of subjects’ learning behavior. Presynaptic dopamine synthesis was assessed by 18F-DOPA positron emission tomography and subsequent graphical Patlak analysis. Task-activation was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cognitive impairments were quantified by Trail-Making-Test A (among others). Associations between decision-making parameters, dopamine synthesis, task-activation, and cognitive impairments were tested by correlation analyses.

Results
Patients with schizophrenia showed selectively impaired model-free decision-making. 18F-DOPA uptake (i.e., presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity) in the dorsal striatum was decreased in patients. Impaired model-free decision-making in patients correlated with (i) decreased dopamine synthesis in dorsal striatum, (ii) abnormal task-activation in dorsal striatum, and (iii) lower speed in Trail-Making-Test A.

Discussion
Results demonstrate an association of reduced dorsal striatal dopamine synthesis and brain activity with impaired model-free decision-making in schizophrenia, which potentially contributes to cognitive difficulties.
S153. IMPAIRED THETA PHASE-COUPLING BETWEEN HIPPOCAMPUS AND MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Adams Rick , Bush Daniel , Zheng Fanfan , Meyer Sofie , Kaplan Raphael , Orfanos Stelios , Reis Marques Tiago , Howes Oliver , Burgess Neil 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
A genetic schizophrenia (Scz) mouse model has impaired hippocampal-prefrontal synchrony during spatial working memory (Sigurdsson et al., 2000, Nature). These Df(16)A(+/-) mice (models of the human 22q11.2 microdeletion) have impaired mPFC phase coupling to hippocampal theta (1–8 Hz) oscillations, which predicts performance. This deficit has never been demonstrated in human Scz subjects, however, and its mechanistic basis is unclear.

Methods
18 Scz (8 unmedicated) and 26 age, gender and IQ-matched controls performed a spatial memory task whilst undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG), and a ‘memory integration’ task dependent on hippocampal function (without MEG). A partly overlapping group of 33 Scz and 29 controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) to measure the availability of GABAARs expressing the α5 subunit (concentrated on hippocampal somatostatin interneurons).

Results
We demonstrate – in the spatial memory task, during memory recall – that theta power increases in left medial temporal lobe (mTL) are impaired in Scz, as is theta phase coupling between mPFC and mTL. Importantly, the latter cannot be explained by theta power changes, head movement, antipsychotics, cannabis use, or IQ, and is not found in other frequency bands. Moreover, mPFC-mTL theta coupling correlated strongly with performance in controls, but not in Scz, who were mildly impaired at the spatial memory task and no better than chance on the memory integration task. Use of antipsychotic medication may ameliorate this mPFC-HC theta coupling deficit. Finally, mTL regions showing reduced theta phase coupling in Scz MEG participants overlapped substantially with areas of diminished α5-GABAAR availability in the wider Scz PET sample.

Discussion
These results indicate that impaired theta phase coupling between hippocampus and mPFC could underlie hippocampal-prefrontal dysconnectivity in schizophrenia, and impairments in the cognitive domains that depend on communication between these areas. They also imply α5-GABAARs (and the cells that express them) have a role in the phase coupling process.
S159. SUBCORTICAL GRAY MATTER VOLUME IS ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND WITH BOTH ITS FAMILIAL AND CLINICAL RISK
Authors: Passiatore Roberta , Antonucci Linda A , Fazio Leonardo , Gelao Barbara , Falsetti Andrea , Caforio Grazia , Popolizio Teresa , Bertolino Alessandro , Blasi Giuseppe , Pergola Giulio , Antonucci Linda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) show lower volumetric estimates of gray matter (GM) than healthy controls (HC). Similar results have been reported in healthy siblings of patients (SIB). However, it is unclear whether this phenotype is also present in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR), characterized by sub-threshold symptoms and loss of functioning. We hypothesized that GM volumetric differences are associated with both familial and clinical risk for schizophrenia

Methods
We processed the T1-weighted MRI scans acquired at 3 Tesla of 544 HC, 63 SIB, 20 CHR and 120 SCZ using CAT12. We used ANCOVA to assess group differences (HC vs. CHR vs. SIB vs. SCZ), with linear and quadratic age, gender and total intracranial volume as nuisance covariates. We assessed the reproducibility of our case/control findings in an independent sample of 127 HC and 36 SCZ. Group differences were tested post hoc through Fisher’s test.

Results
We found significant group effects in the bilateral thalamus, bilateral hippocampus and anterior cingulate (FWE&lt;0.05). Specifically, SCZ presented the lowest GM volume in these regions compared to the other three groups, with SIB and CHR’s GM estimates intermediate between HC and SCZ (p&lt;0.05). The associations with schizophrenia were replicated in the independent validation sample.

Discussion
Individuals with familial or clinical risk for schizophrenia have lower GM estimates in the same brain regions. These findings, suggest that these structural features are not only associated with familial risk for schizophrenia but that they are also associated with its sub-threshold symptoms.