bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Satellite Rod Technique in Patients with Severe Kyphoscoliosis Undergoing Three‐Column Osteotomy: A Minimum of 2 Years' Follow‐up
Authors: Hu Zongshan , Liu Dun , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong , Liu Zhen 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo introduce the satellite rod technique utilized in severe spinal deformity after three‐column osteotomy (3CO) and to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes at 2‐year follow‐up, further discussing its utilization in this particular cohort.MethodsA total of 32 (19 females and 13 males) with an average age of 32.9 ± 18.3 years from December 2012 to March 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographic measurements were performed on standing full‐spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs preoperatively, postoperatively, and at last follow‐up. The coronal parameters including Cobb angle and distance between C7 plumb line and center sacral vertical line (C7PL‐CSVL), as well as the sagittal parameters including global kyphosis (GK) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured at three time points. The Scoliosis Research Society‐22 questionnaire (SRS‐22) was fulfilled preoperatively and at each follow‐up. Paired t test would be used to determine whether there was a significant difference between time points.ResultsA total of 32 patients were enrolled in this study with mean age of 32.9 ± 18.3 (range, 12 to 66) years old. Twenty patients underwent pedicle subluxation osteotomy (PSO) and 12 patients underwent vertebral column resection (VCR). The pathogenesis of this cohort included neuromuscular scoliosis (11 cases), congenital kyphoscoliosis (seven with hemivertebrae and five with segmentation failure), degenerative spinal deformity (five cases), and thoracolumbar tuberculosis with angular kyphosis (four cases). The post‐operative Cobb angle decreased significantly from 49.1° ± 28.0° to 19.0° ± 16.7° with a correction rate of 65.2% ± 21.8%. At final follow‐up, the average Cobb angle was 19.4° ± 16.9° and no obvious loss of correction was found. The preoperative, postoperative, and last follow‐up C7PL‐CSVL were 23.9 ± 14.5 mm, 15.7 ± 11.1 mm, and 12.1 ± 7.4 mm, respectively. Significant postoperative improvement was attained while there was no change observed at last follow‐up. Postoperative GK significantly improved from 73.8° ± 28.1° to 23.2° ± 11.7° with the correction rate of 66.0% ± 17.9%. SVA decreased significantly from 42.9 ± 33.9 mm to 24.1 ± 21.1 mm. The average GK and SVA at final follow‐up were 22.7° ± 10.1° and 23.5 ± 21.1 mm, respectively and no obvious loss of correction was observed of them during follow‐up. In addition, no change or loss of motor or somatosensory evoked potential occurred during surgery. During the follow‐up, two malposition screws and one rod breakage were found.ConclusionThe satellite rod used in patients with severe kyphoscoliosis undergoing 3CO could yield favorable radiological and clinical outcomes. With the utilization of this technique, the coronal and sagittal balance could be well‐maintained during follow‐up.
Evaluation of Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Qiyong , Zhang Zhongmin , Liu Boling , Liu Shaoqiang 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and open fenestration discectomy (OFD) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).MethodsPatients in our hospital with LDH who received PTED (n = 71) and OFD (n = 39) from 2013 to 2014 were retrospectively studied. Patient information, including age, gender, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for low back pain and leg pain, body weight, height, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), and recurrence, was collected. The patients in the two groups were followed up for an average of 63 months after surgery.ResultsA total of 136 patients completed the operation and 110 patients were followed up completely. There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative low back pain, leg pain, ODI, and JOA of the two groups were better than those preoperatively (P < 0.05). One week after surgery, the recovery of PTED patients was better than that of OFD. The ODI score of the PTED group was lower than that of the OFD group (10 [8, 12] vs 14 [11, 16]; P < 0.05), the waist VAS score of the PTED group was lower than that of the OFD group (2 [2, 3] vs 3 [2, 4]; P < 0.05), the leg VAS score of the PTED group was lower than that of the OFD group (1 [0,1] vs 1 [1, 2]; P < 0.05), while the JOA score of the PTED group was higher than that of OFD group [19(16, 20) vs 12(10, 17); P < 0.05]. There were no significant differences in ODI, JOA, waist and leg VAS scores between the two groups at 1 month after surgery and at subsequent follow‐up (P > 0.05). At the end of the follow up, 89.7% (35/39) of patients in the OFD group had excellent improvement in the JOA score, and 88.7% (63/71) of patients in the PTED group had an excellent improvement. There was no significant difference between the two (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups [(5/71) vs (3/39); P > 0.05]. [Correction added on 05 March 2021, after first online publication: “3/29” was amended to “3/39” in the preceding sentence.]ConclusionBoth PTED and OFD can achieve good mid‐term efficacy in the treatment of LDH but PTED has certain advantages, including the small incision, a shorter hospital stay, and quicker, earlier recovery. However, prospective randomized controlled studies with a larger sample size are needed.
Isolated Meniscal Ramp Lesion Without Obvious Anterior Cruicate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Jiang Jun , Ni Lei , Chen Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the present paper was to study isolated meniscal ramp lesions without obvious ACL rupture. Their biomechanical mechanisms were analyzed and their clinical characteristics were reviewed. The clinical effects of an all‐inside horizontal mattress suture for isolated ramp lesions were evaluated.Materials and MethodsTwenty isolated meniscal ramp lesion patients without obvious ACL rupture from 2015 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative MRI showed intact ACL and signs of ramp lesions. These isolated ramp lesions were arthroscopically confirmed and repaired through an all‐inside horizontal mattress suturing method. MRI was performed 3 months postoperatively to assess isolated ramp lesion healing. The Tegner–Lysholm score and the visual analog scale score were recorded preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed to determine statistical significance.ResultsArthroscopic exploration confirmed isolated ramp lesions and longitudinal ACL splits or degeneration without obvious ACL rupture. MRI 3 months postoperatively showed healing of the isolated ramp lesions. At 2 years postoperatively, the VAS scores were significantly decreased and the Tegner–Lysholm scores were significantly increased. Knee function, without pain, was restored in all patients, including walking, climing and descending stairs, and squatting.ConclusionIsolated meniscal ramp lesions without obvious ACL rupture may exist because of ACL longitudinal splits or degeneration and can be repaired through anterolateral and anteromedial portals with an all‐inside horizontal‐mattress suturing method.
Successful liver transplantation in hyperornithinemia‐hyperammonemia‐homocitrullinuria syndrome: Case report
Authors: De Bruyne Pauline , Verloo Patrick , Van Hove Johan L. K. , de Hemptinne Bernard , Vande Velde Saskia , Van Winckel Myriam , Van Biervliet Stephanie , De Bruyne Ruth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHHH syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle, caused by a deficient mitochondrial ornithine transporter. We report the first successful liver transplantation in HHH syndrome performed in a seven‐year‐old boy. The patient presented at 4 weeks of age with hyperammonemic coma. The plasma amino acid profile was suggestive of HHH syndrome, and the diagnosis was confirmed when sequencing of the SLC25A15 gene identified two mutations p.R275Q and p.A76D. Although immediate intervention resulted in normalization of plasma ammonia levels within 24 hours, he developed cerebral edema, coma, convulsions, and subsequent neurological sequelae. Metabolic control was difficult requiring severe protein restriction and continued treatment with sodium benzoate and L‐arginine. Despite substantial developmental delay, he was referred to our center for liver transplantation because of poor metabolic control. Following cadaveric split liver transplantation, there was complete normalization of his plasma ammonia and plasma amino acid levels under a normal protein‐containing diet. This excellent metabolic control was associated with a markedly improved general condition, mood and behavior, and small developmental achievements. Twelve years after liver transplantation, the patient has a stable cognitive impairment without progression of spastic diplegia.ConclusionThis first case of liver transplantation in HHH syndrome demonstrates that this procedure is a therapeutic option for HHH patients with difficult metabolic control.
Signal informativeness for sequence structure modulates human auditory cortical responses
Authors: Simal Amour , Bermudez Patrick , Lefebvre Christine , Vachon François , Jolicœur Pierre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe observed how information about the structure of tone sequences modulates cortical responses in the context of a standard short‐term memory (STM) task. Participants heard two sequences of one, three, or five tones (203 ms on, 203 ms off) interspersed by a silent interval (2 s) and decided whether the sequences were the same or different. In experiment 1, sequence length was randomized between trials. During the first sequence, the amplitude of the auditory P2 was larger for the second tone in trials with three tones, and for the second and fourth tone in trials with five tones. We hypothesize the increase in P2 reflected a dynamic disambiguation process because these tones were predictive of a sequence longer than one or three tones. This hypothesis was supported by the absence of P2 amplitude modulation during the second sequence (when sequence length was known). In experiment 2, we blocked trials by sequence length to ensure the effects were not caused by some process related to encoding in STM. There was no P2 amplitude modulation in either the first or second sequences. Thus, tones 2 and 4 had a larger amplitude only when they provided new information about the length of the current tone sequence. To some extent, the auditory N1 also showed those modulations. Independent Component Analysis of the ERPs provided evidence the modulations in P2 amplitude could originate in auditory cortex. These results suggest a rapid dynamic adaptation of auditory cortical responses based on the local informativeness of auditory signals.
A CHAT about health literacy – a qualitative feasibility study of the Conversational Health Literacy Assessment Tool (CHAT) in a Danish municipal healthcare centre
Authors: Jensen Nanna Husted , Aaby Anna , Ryom Knud , Maindal Helle Terkildsen 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundUnderstanding individual health literacy needs is crucial when designing supportive and effective health care. However, tools assessing health literacy in practice are lacking. The Conversational Health Literacy Assessment Tool (CHAT) was recently developed, but its ability to assess health literacy remains unexplored. We aimed to investigate the implementation and adoption of CHAT, its ability to increase awareness of health literacy among healthcare providers, and if CHAT could assess health literacy needs in patients.MethodsWe performed a qualitative feasibility study of CHAT among healthcare providers (nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists) who provide rehabilitation services for patients with noncommunicable diseases in a municipal healthcare centre in Denmark. The study used the RE‐AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) to structure interview guide and analysis. We collected qualitative data from four small focus groups with healthcare providers (n = 11). The data were analysed using a deductive thematic three‐step method for organising and interpreting data. All informants provided written informed consent prior to data collection.ResultsCHAT seems to be a feasible and efficient tool for assessing health literacy needs among individuals with different socio‐demographic characteristics and with different diagnoses. CHAT was easiest implemented and adopted by healthcare providers, who were already familiarly with the concept of health literacy. The informants emphasised that an introduction to CHAT and health literacy as concept was valuable for the adoption. Some of them felt frustrated that they did not have opportunity and options to meet the health literacy needs identified by CHAT.ConclusionsCHAT is a promising tool for assessing individual health literacy needs and increasing awareness of health literacy among healthcare providers. For successfully implementation of CHAT, we recommend developing a structured implementation programme, including an introduction to health literacy and an outline of the options for acting upon CHAT results.
Occipital condyle defects assessed by radiography or CT can be a normal finding in foals
Authors: Sage Sophie Elena , Olive Julien , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAge of complete ossification of equine occipital condyles has not been published. Consequently, clinical significance of occipital condyle defects on radiographs or CT scans of young horses remains unknown. The goals of this single‐center, retrospective, cross‐sectional study were to characterize incidental occipital condyle defects and to define the age of complete ossification. The margin of occipital condyles was classified as regular or with defect(s). Analyses were made on 121 horses, including 106 radiographic and 19 CT studies showing the occipital condyles of horses less than 5 years of age obtained over 6 years in a referral hospital. Neurological signs and outcome were not associated with occipital defects. Horses with regular occipital condyles on radiographs had a median age of 974 days (median interquartile range = 707) compared with 47 days (interquartile range = 106) in the defect group. The odds of finding radiographically regular occipital condyles were 2.6% higher for each additional day of age (P = .011, 95% CI, 0.6‐4.7%). In the CT group, univariate analyses demonstrated a significant effect of age on the aspect of occipital condyles (P = .016). Horses with regular occipital condyles were older (median age = 881 days; interquartile range = 1054) than horses with a defect (median age = 109 days, interquartile range = 318). All horses above 156 days (5.1 months) of age and 550 days (18.1 months) of age had regular occipital condyles on radiographic and CT images, respectively. This study describes occipital condyle defects as a potential normal finding in young horses and provides guidelines for interpretation of the occipital condyle ossification process.
The Stakeholder Agreement Metric: Quantifying Preference Agreement Between Product Stakeholders
Authors: Chou Suzanne , Arezoomand Mojtaba , Coulentianos Marianna J. , Nambunmee Kowit , Neitzel Richard , Adhvaryu Achyuta , Austin-Breneman Jesse 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Go/no-go decisions require engineering design teams to evaluate whether a concept is worth further investment of resources. These decisions can be difficult when product success depends on multiple stakeholders in addition to the end-user. This study proposes the Stakeholder Agreement Metric (SAM) framework to estimate the level of agreement between stakeholder preferences via the distance between optimal designs calculated from a preference model derived from conjoint analysis. The framework was tested in an empirical case study describing the design and piloting of a hand tool for informal electronic waste workers in Thailand. Data from a follow-up assessment indicate the SAM estimate aligned with future metrics of stakeholder satisfaction. The case study also qualitatively compared SAM to the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Data collection issues with AHP illustrated some of the practical limitations of the framework. This study suggests that the SAM framework is a promising tool to further explore as a way to support designers making go/no-go decisions that involve multiple stakeholders. Further exploration should include additional case studies to investigate potential outcomes of different SAM values and comparing multiple stakeholder groups.
High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated by a Hybrid Physical–Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Wei Xiangyang , Peng Yanke , Jing Gaoshan , Simon Terrence , Cui Tianhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For the first time, we used a hybrid physical–chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) method to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on perovskite films with both organic cations and halogen anions. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.1% was achieved based on a mixed perovskite film of MAxFA1−xPb (IyBr1−y)3 and the efficiency of the PSCs with MAPbI3 and MAxFA1−xPbI3 films were 14.5% and 16.4%, respectively. Perovskite material components and bandgaps were precisely tuned to achieve high photoelectric conversion performance. Three different types of perovskite films employed include MAPbI3, MAxFA1−xPbI3, and MAxFA1−xPb (IyBr1−y)3 (which are also designated as MAPbI3, MA0.89FA0.11PbI3, and MA0.54FA0.46Pb (I0.94Br0.06)3 with the respective bandgaps of 1.60 eV, 1.58 eV, and 1.61 eV. The experimental results demonstrate the ability to fabricate both organic cation and halogen anion mixed perovskite films by the HPCVD method and achieve easily adjustable bandgaps. In addition, the perovskite films fabricated by HPCVD have superior surface morphology, large crystal size, and low surface roughness. Eventually, this vapor-based method will have great potential in the fabrication of large-area and flexible PSCs to promote commercial application and industrialization of future PSCs.
Modelling of Soot Formation and Experimental Study for Different Octane Number Fuels in Dual Fuel Combustion Engine With Diesel
Authors: Krishnamoorthi M. , Sreedhara S. , Duvvuri Pavan Prakash 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work investigates the effects of low reactivity fuel (LRF) on reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine with fossil diesel. RCCI mode of combustion is a low temperature combustion (LTC) strategy which reduces both oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions simultaneously. Syngas and methanol can be obtained from renewable biological resources and conventional coal. LRF (methanol, syngas and gasoline) has been supplied to the engine along with intake air and diesel is injected to initiate the combustion process. Test engine has been operated for different dual fuel modes at constant engine speed (1500 rpm) and load (80%). Closed cycle combustion simulations have been performed to complement the experimental results and in-cylinder dynamics. Particle size mimic (PSM) model has been used to investigate the soot particle number and mass-size distributions and mean particle size. Results confirmed that maximum gross indicated thermal efficiency (38%) has been observed in gasoline/diesel dual fuel mode. Compared to gasoline/diesel dual fuel mode, about 74% and 86%, lower soot and NOx emissions have been observed for methanol/diesel dual fuel mode, while about 46% and 52% lower soot and NOx emissions have been found in syngas/diesel mode. About 53% higher carbon monoxide emission has been observed for syngas/diesel case as compared to gasoline/diesel case. Predictions from soot modelling reveal that condensation mode, surface growth mode and nucleation mode particles are dominant in methanol, syngas and gasoline/diesel dual fuel modes respectively. Bigger primary soot particles (diameter &gt; 35 nm, nanometre) have been observed for methanol/diesel mode and the gasoline/diesel mode shows a smaller size of primary particles.
Towards Integrated Spark and Combustion Modeling for Engines
Authors: Karpatne Anand , Subramaniam Vivek , Joshi Sachin , Qin Xiao , Breden Douglas , Sofianopoulos Aimilios , Raja Laxminarayan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Combustion and emission performance of internal combustion (IC) engines depend on the ability of the ignition system to provide an ignition kernel that can successfully transition into an early flame kernel. Several key physical phenomena such as flow physics, plasma dynamics, circuit transients, and electromagnetics influence the behavior of the spark. The combustion kinetics decide the eventual transition of the spark into a self-sustaining flame kernel. The goal of this paper is to present a feasibility study involving the integration of a high-fidelity magnetohydrodynamic description of the spark physics with a finite rate chemical kinetics-based combustion model. A future goal of this proposed framework will be to model and validate a coupled ignition and combustion simulation for spark ignited engines. Two separate solvers are used to model spark physics and combustion kinetics respectively, and a coupling strategy is developed to model different aspects of physics occurring at disparate time-scales. This approach provides a physically consistent estimate of the electrical energy distribution within the spark-gap under high cross-flow velocities. When provided with certain favorable in-cylinder conditions, the spark kernel triggers self-sustained combustion.
Combustion of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil in a Diesel Engine: Sensitivity to Split Injection Strategy and Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Authors: Mikulski Maciej , Hunicz Jacek , Vasudev Aneesh , Rybak Arkadiusz , Gęca Michał 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work explores the potential to optimize advanced common-rail engines for operation with hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). The single-cylinder engine research focuses on adjusting the injection strategy and external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to achieve the optimum performance-emissions trade-off using HVO. The engine is operated at a fixed rotational speed of 2000 rpm and under constant load (net indicated mean effective pressure of 0.45 MPa). Split fuel-injection strategy is used: main injection timing is fixed but pilot injection is varied both in terms of timing and quantity. The engine tests, without turbocharging, are conducted under non-EGR conditions and using approximately 27% EGR rate. Results with HVO are compared with results when using diesel fuel.
Within the constraints of a single, representative operating point, the results highlight that when using the factory map-based injection strategy, HVO offers soot emissions below 0.015 g/kWh, a 50% reduction when compared to diesel fuel. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions at the same conditions are, however, 10% higher than for diesel fuel. That correlates with higher peak in-cylinder pressures and temperatures. Advancing the pilot HVO injection reduced NOx emissions to the level of the diesel baseline, and although soot emissions increased, they remained 25% lower than with diesel. Interestingly, the two tested fuels exhibited very different responses to EGR. Generally, at 27% EGR, HVO produced twice as much soot as diesel. The heat release analysis indicates this sensitivity to EGR stems from HVO’s higher cetane number causing faster auto-ignition, resulting in less premixed combustion and hence producing more soot. Generally, HVO offered more complete combustion than diesel fuel. Regardless of pilot fuel injection strategy, CO emission was reduced by approximately 50% with HVO for both EGR and non-EGR conditions. HVO also benefits emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, in terms of both total values and also unlegislated aldehydes and aromatics.