bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited adaptation to non-natal osmotic environments at high water temperature in euryhaline wanderer fishes
Authors: Nakamura Masahiro , Watanabe Soichi , Kaneko Toyoji , Masuda Reiji , Tsukamoto Katsumi , Otake Tsuguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGradual transfer experiments were conducted to see whether Japanese daceTribolodon hakonensis(freshwater species) and Japanese black porgyAcanthopagrus schlegelii(marine species) could acclimate to high and low temperatures in natal and non-natal osmotic environments. Two groups of each species, one acclimated to their natal osmotic environment and the other to a non-natal osmotic environment, were exposed to gradual temperature changes. Under high temperature conditions, the plasma osmolality (Posm) of both species approached the osmolality of ambient water, and high mortality was observed in the non-natal osmotic environments but not in the natal osmotic environments. In contrast, there was no clear evidence that the osmoregulatory capacity of either species had declined under low temperature conditions in the natal and non-natal osmotic environments. Limited adaptation of these fishes to non-natal osmotic environments at high temperature suggests that global warming may impair their entry to non-natal habitats.
Being Friends with or Rejected by Classmates: Aggression Toward Same- and Cross-Ethnic Peers
Authors: Hooijsma Marianne , Huitsing Gijs , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Flache Andreas , Veenstra René 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhereas previous research suggests that adolescents’ aggressive behavior in itself does not highlight ethnic boundaries, it remains unclear whether classmates’ responses to same- and cross-ethnic aggression strengthen ethnic boundaries. This study examined how adolescents’ aggression toward same- and cross-ethnic peers relates to the positive (friendship) and negative (rejection) relationship nominations they receive from same- and cross-ethnic classmates. Cross-sectional peer nomination data on 917 Dutch and 125 Turkish adolescents in 56 secondary schools were analyzed (mean age = 14.9 year; 51.4% boys). Adolescents received more friendship nominations from same-ethnic than from cross-ethnic classmates, but were not more rejected by cross-ethnic than same-ethnic classmates. Multilevel Poisson and negative binomial regression models showed that, irrespective of aggressor’s ethnic background, adolescents’ aggressive behavior was related to rejection by classmates from the ethnic group that was the target of aggression and to being befriended by classmates from the ethnic group that was not the target of aggression. Specifically, both Dutch and Turkish adolescents who were aggressive toward Dutch peers were rejected by Dutch classmates and befriended by Turkish classmates and vice versa. These findings suggest that classmates’ positive and negative responses to adolescents are related to adolescents’ aggressive behavior based on the ethnic background of the victim, not on the ethnic background of the aggressor. This suggests that integration between ethnic groups in schools relates to aggression in general, not only cross-ethnic aggression.
Significance of root hairs at the field scale – modelling root water and phosphorus uptake under different field conditions
Authors: Ruiz S. , Koebernick N. , Duncan S. , Fletcher D. McKay , Scotson C. , Boghi A. , Marin M. , Bengough A. G. , George T. S. , Brown L. K. , Hallett P. D. , Roose T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Root hairs play a significant role in phosphorus (P) extraction at the pore scale. However, their importance at the field scale remains poorly understood.

Methods
This study uses a continuum model to explore the impact of root hairs on the large-scale uptake of P, comparing root hair influence under different agricultural scenarios. High vs low and constant vs decaying P concentrations down the soil profile are considered, along with early vs late precipitation scenarios.

Results
Simulation results suggest root hairs accounted for 50% of total P uptake by plants. Furthermore, a delayed initiation time of precipitation potentially limits the P uptake rate by over 50% depending on the growth period. Despite the large differences in the uptake rate, changes in the soil P concentration in the domain due to root solute uptake remains marginal when considering a single growth season. However, over the duration of 6 years, simulation results showed that noticeable differences arise over time.

Conclusion
Root hairs are critical to P capture, with uptake efficiency potentially enhanced by coordinating irrigation with P application during earlier growth stages of crops.
The Effects of Neuropeptide Y Overexpression on the Mouse Model of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Mattila Minttu , Söderström Mirva , Ailanen Liisa , Savontaus Eriika , Savontaus Mikko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDoxorubicin is a potent anticancer drug with cardiotoxicity hampering its use. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundant neuropeptide in the heart and a co-transmitter of the sympathetic nervous system that plays a role in cardiac diseases. The aim of this work was to study the impact of NPY on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Transgenic mice overexpressing NPY in noradrenergic neurons (NPY-OEDβH) and wild-type mice were treated with a single dose of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin caused cardiotoxicity in both genotypes as demonstrated by decreased weight gain, tendency to reduced ejection fraction, and changes in the expression of several genes relevant to cardiac pathology. Doxorubicin resulted in a tendency to lower ejection fraction in NPY-OEDβH mice more than in wild-type mice. In addition, gain in the whole body lean mass gain was decreased only in NPY-OEDβH mice, suggesting a more severe impact of doxorubicin in this genotype. The effects of doxorubicin on genes expressed in the heart were similar between NPY-OEDβH and wild-type mice. The results demonstrate that doxorubicin at a relatively low dose caused significant cardiotoxicity. There were differences between NPY-OEDβH and wild-type mice in their responses to doxorubicin that suggest NPY to increase susceptibility to cardiotoxicity. This may point to the therapeutic implications as suggested for NPY system in other cardiovascular diseases.
Genome sequencing of a yeast-like fungal strain P6, a novel species of Aureobasidium spp.: insights into its taxonomy, evolution, and biotechnological potentials
Authors: Jia Shu-Lei , Ma Yan , Chi Zhe , Liu Guang-Lei , Hu Zhong , Chi Zhen-Ming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to look insights into taxonomy, evolution, and biotechnological potentials of a yeast-like fungal strain P6 isolated from a mangrove ecosystem.

Methods
The genome sequencing for the yeast-like fungal strain P6 was conducted on a Hiseq sequencing platform, and the genomic characteristics and annotations were analyzed. The central metabolism and gluconate biosynthesis pathway were studied through the genome sequence data by using the GO, KOG, and KEGG databases. The secondary metabolite potentials were also evaluated.

Results
The whole genome size of the P6 strain was 25.41Mb and the G + C content of its genome was 50.69%. Totally, 6098 protein-coding genes and 264 non-coding RNA genes were predicted. The annotation results showed that the yeast-like fungal strain P6 had complete metabolic pathways of TCA cycle, EMP pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxylic acid cycle, and other central metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the inulinase activity associated with β-fructofuranosidase and high glucose oxidase activity in this strain have been demonstrated. It was found that this yeast-like fungal strain was located at root of most species of Aureobasidium spp. and at a separate cluster of all the phylogenetic trees. The P6 strain was predicted to contain three NRPS gene clusters, five type-I PKS gene clusters, and one type-I NRPS/PKS gene cluster via analysis at the antiSMASH Website. It may synthesize epichloenin A, fusaric acid, elsinochromes, and fusaridione A.

Conclusions
Based on its unique DNA sequence, taxonomic position in the phylogenetic tree and evolutional position, the yeast-like fungal strain P6 was identified as a novel species Aureobasidium hainanensis sp. nov. P6 isolate and had highly potential applications.
Reframing commitment in authentic leadership: Untangling relationship–outcome processes
Authors: Lux Andrei A. , Grover Steven L. , Teo Stephen T. T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAffective organizational commitment is theorized and empirically tested as a key mediator between authentic leadership and desirable employee outcomes. The results of a two-wave survey of 830 business people in Australia support a serial mediation model of authentic leadership efficacy. Followers' perceptions of authentic leadership behavior influence their personal identification and affect-based trust in the leader, which in turn are mediated by affective organizational commitment to positively influence their work engagement and job satisfaction. These findings reinforce previous work that positions personal identification and affect-based trust as the two primary mediating mechanisms of authentic leadership. This paper extends prior research by demonstrating the important role of followers' affective bonds with their organization in the operation of authentic leadership, moving beyond the dyad in our understanding of follower outcomes.
Quebec 2018: A Failure of the Polls?
Authors: Durand Claire , Blais André 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe polls of the 2018 Quebec election forecast a close race between the two leading parties. The result, a clear victory of the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) over the Parti libéral du Québec (PLQ), was clearly at odds with the polls. We argue that when the polls get it wrong, it is important to determine whether there was apolling miss, in which the discrepancy is due to changing voter behaviour, or apoll failure, in which the problem stems from polling methodology. Our post-election poll shows that changing voter behaviour—last-minute shifts and the vote of non-disclosers—explains most of the discrepancy. These movements varied by region. We conclude that the Quebec 2018 election was among the worst polling misses in history but not necessarily a major poll failure.
Application of a Novel Elimination Algorithm with Developed Continuation Method for Nonlinear Forward Kinematics Solution of Modular Hybrid Manipulators
Authors: Rahmani Arash , Faroughi Shirko 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the application of a novel elimination algorithm with a newly developed homotopy continuation method (HCM) for forward kinematics of a specific hybrid modular manipulator known as n-(6UPS). First, the kinematic model of n-(6UPS) was extracted using a homogenous transformation matrix method. Then, a novel algebraic elimination algorithm was developed to transform the highly nonlinear proposed kinematic model into a system of polynomial equations for each module. Next, the HCM is considered to solve the system of equations. Comparison of the results from the proposed approach with experimental data and other methods demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed contribution.
The GABA shunt pathway in germinating seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salt stress
Authors: AL-Quraan Nisreen A. , AL-Ajlouni Zakaria I. , Obedat Dana I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting seed germination, crop growth and productivity. In this study, seeds of three wheat (Triticum aestiveum L.) and three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were treated with different concentrations of NaCl to investigate the effect of salt on seed germination physiology and metabolism through the characterization of seed germination pattern, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt metabolite accumulation [GABA, glutamate (Glu) and alanine (Ala)] and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) expression using RT-PCR. A trend of decreasing germination percentage with increasing NaCl concentrations was observed. Under all salt stress treatments, data showed significant increase with positive correlation (r = 0.50–0.99) between abundance of GABA shunt metabolites and salt concentration in all wheat and barley cultivars for 5 days. Increased GABA content was associated with a small but significant increase in Ala and Glu content in all cultivars. In all NaCl treatments, the transcription of GAD in terms of RNA abundance showed a significant increase in all cultivars with positive correlation (r = 0.50–0.98). Data showed significant association between GAD RNA transcription and the response of germinating seeds to salt stress in terms of GABA shunt metabolite accumulation. The elevated expression of GAD under salinity suggests the need for elevated activity of the GAD-mediated conversion of Glu to GABA during seed germination, which provides alternative metabolic routes to the respiratory machinery, balancing carbon and nitrogen metabolism and osmolyte synthesis in germinating seeds of wheat and barley under salt stress.
Safety and Efficacy of an On-Site Intensive Treatment Protocol for Mild and Moderate Sympathomimetic Toxicity at Australian Music Festivals
Authors: Douglas Ned , Carew James , Johnson Damian , Green Madeline , Wilson Nicholas , Donovan Jake , Mulherin Tim , Holbery-Morgan Lachlan , Bourke Elyssia , Smith Erin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Serotonin and sympathomimetic toxicity (SST) after ingestion of amphetamine-based drugs can lead to severe morbidity and death. There have been evaluations of the safety and efficacy of on-site treatment protocols for SST at music festivals.Problem:The study aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of treating patients with SST on-site at a music festival using a protocol adapted from hospital-based treatment of SST.Methods:The study is an audit of presentations with SST over a one-year period. The primary outcome was need for ambulance transport to hospital. The threshold for safety was prospectively defined as less than 10% of patients requiring ambulance transport to hospital.The protocol suggested patients be treated with a combination of benzodiazepines; cold intravenous (IV) fluid; specific therapies (cyproheptadine, chlorpromazine, and clonidine); rapid sequence intubation; and cooling with ice, misted water, and convection techniques.Results:One patient of 13 (7.7%) patients with mild or moderate SST required ambulance transport to hospital. Two of seven further patients with severe SST required transport to hospital.Conclusions:On-site treatment may be a safe, efficacious, and efficient alternative to urgent transport to hospital for patients with mild and moderate SST. The keys to success of the protocol tested included inclusive and clear education of staff at all levels of the organization, robust referral pathways to senior clinical staff, and the rapid delivery of therapies aimed at rapidly lowering body temperature. Further collaborative research is required to define the optimal approach to patients with SST at music festivals.
Application of the “Plan-Do-Study-Act” Model to Improve Survival after Cardiac Arrest in Korea: A Case Study
Authors: Kim Joo Yeong , Cho Hanjin , Park Jong-Hak , Song Joo-Hyun , Moon Sungwoo , Lee Hongjae , Yang Hyun Ju , Tolles Juliana , Bosson Nichole , Lewis Roger J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective:Low rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were identified as a shortcoming in the “chain of survival” for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care in the Korean city of Ansan. This study sought to evaluate the effect of an initiative to increase bystander CPR and quality of out-of-hospital resuscitation on outcome from OHCA. The post-intervention data were used to determine the next quality improvement (QI) target as part of the “Plan-Do-Study-Act” (PDSA) model for QI.Hypothesis:The study hypothesis was that bystander CPR, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival to discharge after OHCA would increase in the post-intervention period.Methods:This was a retrospective pre/post study. The data from the pre-intervention period were abstracted from 2008–2011 and the post-intervention period from 2012–2013. The effect of the intervention on the odds of ROSC and survival to hospital discharge was determined using a generalized estimating equation to account for confounders and the effect of clustering within medical centers. The analysis was then used to identify other factors associated with outcomes to determine the next targets for intervention in the chain of survival for cardiac arrest in this community.Results:Rates of documented bystander CPR increased from 13% in the pre-intervention period to 37% in the post-intervention period. The overall rate of ROSC decreased from 18.4% to 14.3% (risk difference −4.1%; 95% CI, −7.1%–1.0%), whereas survival to hospital discharge increased from 3.9% to 5.0% (risk difference 1.1%; 95% CI, −1.8%–3.8%), and survival with good neurologic outcome increased from 0.8% to 1.6% (risk difference 0.8%; 95% CI, −0.8%–2.4%). In multivariable analyses, there was no association between the intervention and the rate of ROSC or survival to hospital discharge. The designated level of the treating hospital was a significant predictor of both survival and ROSC.Conclusion:In this case study, there were no observed improvements in outcomes from OHCA after the targeted intervention to improve out-of-hospital CPR. However, utilizing the PDSA model for QI, the designated level of the treating hospital was found to be a significant predictor of survival in the post-period, identifying the next target for intervention.
Concordance between clinician, supervisor and observer ratings of therapeutic competence in CBT and treatment as usual: does clinician competence or supervisor session observation improve agreement?
Authors: Caron EB , Muggeo Michela A. , Souer Heather R. , Pella Jeffrey E. , Ginsburg Golda S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground:Lowering the cost of assessing clinicians’ competence could promote the scalability of evidence-based treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Aims:This study examined the concordance between clinicians’, supervisors’ and independent observers’ session-specific ratings of clinician competence in school-based CBT and treatment as usual (TAU). It also investigated the association between clinician competence and supervisory session observation and rater agreement.Method:Fifty-nine school-based clinicians (90% female, 73% Caucasian) were randomly assigned to implement TAU or modular CBT for youth anxiety. Clinicians rated their confidence after each therapy session (n= 1898), and supervisors rated clinicians’ competence after each supervision session (n= 613). Independent observers rated clinicians’ competence from audio recordings (n= 395).Results:Patterns of rater discrepancies differed between the TAU and CBT groups. Correlations with independent raters were low across groups. Clinician competence and session observation were associated with higher agreement among TAU, but not CBT, supervisors and clinicians.Conclusions:These results support the gold standard practice of obtaining independent ratings of adherence and competence in implementation contexts. Further development of measures and/or rater training methods for clinicians and supervisors is needed.
A Series of Meta-Analytic Tests of the Efficacy of Long-Term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
Authors: Woll Christian Franz Josef , Schönbrodt Felix D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Recent meta-analyses come to conflicting conclusions about the efficacy of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (LTPP). Our first goal was to reproduce the most recent meta-analysis by Leichsenring, Abbass, Luyten, Hilsenroth, and Rabung (2013) who found evidence for the efficacy of LTPP in the treatment of complex mental disorders. Our replicated effect sizes were in general slightly smaller. Second, we conducted an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing LTPP (lasting for at least 1 year and 40 sessions) to other forms of psychotherapy in the treatment of complex mental disorders. We focused on a transparent research process according to open science standards and applied a series of elaborated meta-analytic procedures to test and control for publication bias. Our updated meta-analysis comprising 191 effect sizes from 14 eligible studies revealed small, statistically significant effect sizes at post-treatment for the outcome domains psychiatric symptoms, target problems, social functioning, and overall effectiveness (Hedges’ g ranging between 0.24 and 0.35). The effect size for the domain personality functioning (0.24) was not significant ( p = .08). No signs for publication bias could be detected. In light of a heterogeneous study set and some methodological shortcomings in the primary studies, these results should be interpreted cautiously. In conclusion, LTPP might be superior to other forms of psychotherapy in the treatment of complex mental disorders. Notably, our effect sizes represent the additional gain of LTPP versus other forms of primarily long-term psychotherapy. In this case, large differences in effect sizes are not to be expected.
Unveiling a new type of ultradense anomalous metallic glass with improved strength and ductility through a high-pressure heat treatment
Authors: Yamada Rui , Shibazaki Yuki , Abe Yasuto , Ryu Wookha , Saida Junji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn anomalous glass was discovered through high-pressure heat treatment (5.5 GPa at 850 K) followed by rapid cooling of a Zr50Cu40Al10 metallic glass. Despite a reduction in the crystallization temperature and enthalpy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the collected bulk sample maintained a fully amorphous structure. The density of the sample was 0.6% larger than that of the as-cast state and was even larger than that of the partially crystallized state. These results suggest the formation of an ultradense packing glass that cannot be obtained through conventional annealing. Compression test results indicated a significant increase in the Young’s modulus and fracture strength, supporting the creation of an anomalous metallic glass. In addition, plasticity was observed in the treated sample. It was therefore concluded that the high-pressure heat treatment enabled the creation of a new type of glass that is normally overshadowed by the crystallized phase at atmospheric pressure. We explained the creation of the ultradense glass by introducing a pressure parameter (P) to the conventional volume (v) - temperature (T) diagram.
Anisotropic superconductivity induced by periodic multiferroic domain patterns
Authors: Huang Yen-Lin , Huang Bo-Chao , Wang Yan-Ting , Xue Fei , Lin Jheng-Cyuan , Liu Heng-Jui , Huang Rong , Lin Jiunn-Yuan , Chang Chia-Seng , Chen Long-Qing , Chiu Ya-Ping , Chu Ying-Hao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe competition between order parameters, such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and superconductivity, is one of the most fascinating topics in condensed matter physics. Here, we report intriguing anisotropic superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O7 − x films induced by a multiferroic, BiFeO3, with periodic domain patterns. The anisotropic superconductivity was investigated by transport measurements and supported by phase-field simulations, and then the detailed local electronic structures were revealed by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. We found that the oxygen redistribution in YBa2Cu3O7 − x modulated by the ferroelectric polarization in BiFeO3 was the key mechanism driving this anisotropic superconductivity. The presented heteroarchitecture of a high-temperature superconductor and a domain-engineered multiferroic provides a new approach to tune superconductivity and offers potential advantages for the design of future multifunctional devices.