bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A molecular clone of Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV) causes mortality in honey bee pupae (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Seitz Kerstin , Buczolich Katharina , Dikunová Alžbeta , Plevka Pavel , Power Karen , Rümenapf Till , Lamp Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmong the many diseases compromising the well-being of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) the chronic paralysis syndrome of adult honey bees is one of the best described. The causative agent, chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome. Segment 1 encodes three putative open reading frames (ORFs), including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and other non-structural protein coding regions. Segment 2 encodes four putative ORFs, which contain the genes of supposed structural proteins. In this study, we established a reverse genetic system for CBPV by molecular cloning of DNA copies of both genome segments. CBPV rescue was studied in imago and honey bee pupae infection models. Virus replication and progeny virus production was only initiated when capped RNAs of both genome segments were injected in honey bees. As injection of these clonal RNAs caused clinical symptoms similar to wild-type CBPV infection, we conclude that the novel molecular clone fulfilled Koch’s postulates. Our virus clone will enable in-depth analysis of CBPV pathogenesis and help to increase knowledge about this important honey bee disease.
Direct interaction between the hepatitis B virus core and envelope proteins analyzed in a cellular context
Authors: Pastor Florentin , Herrscher Charline , Patient Romuald , Eymieux Sebastien , Moreau Alain , Burlaud-Gaillard Julien , Seigneuret Florian , de Rocquigny Hugues , Roingeard Philippe , Hourioux Christophe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) production requires intricate interactions between the envelope and core proteins. Analyses of mutants of these proteins have made it possible to map regions involved in the formation and secretion of virions. Tests of binding between core and envelope peptides have also been performed in cell-free conditions, to study the interactions potentially underlying these mechanisms. We investigated the residues essential for core-envelope interaction in a cellular context in more detail, by transiently producing mutant or wild-type L, S, or core proteins separately or in combination, in Huh7 cells. The colocalization and interaction of these proteins were studied by confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation, respectively. The L protein was shown to constitute a molecular platform for the recruitment of S and core proteins in a perinuclear environment. Several core amino acids were found to be essential for direct interaction with L, including residue Y132, known to be crucial for capsid formation, and residues L60, L95, K96 and I126. Our results confirm the key role of L in the tripartite core-S-L interaction and identify the residues involved in direct core-L interaction. This model may be valuable for studies of the potential of drugs to inhibit HBV core-envelope interaction.
Revealing the constituents of Egypt’s oldest beer using infrared and mass spectrometry
Authors: Farag Mohamed A. , Elmassry Moamen M. , Baba Masahiro , Friedman Renée 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the Ancient Egyptians used malted wheat and barley as the main ingredients in beer brewing, but the chemical determination of the exact recipe is still lacking. To investigate the constituents of ancient beer, we conducted a detailed IR and GC-MS based metabolite analyses targeting volatile and non-volatile metabolites on the residues recovered from the interior of vats in what is currently the world’s oldest (c. 3600 BCE) installation for large-scale beer production located at the major pre-pharaonic political center at Hierakonpolis, Egypt. In addition to distinguishing the chemical signatures of various flavoring agents, such as dates, a significant result of our analysis is the finding, for the first time, of phosphoric acid in high level probably used as a preservative much like in modern beverages. This suggests that the early brewers had acquired the knowledge needed to efficiently produce and preserve large quantities of beer. This study provides the most detailed chemical profile of an ancient beer using modern spectrometric techniques and providing evidence for the likely starting materials used in beer brewing.
Effects of Language History on Sentence Recognition in Noise or Two-Talker Speech: Monolingual, Early Bilingual, and Late Bilingual Speakers of English
Authors: Regalado Diana , Kong Jessica , Buss Emily , Calandruccio Lauren 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Language history is an important factor in masked speech recognition. Listeners who acquire the target language later in life perform more poorly than native speakers. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature regarding performance of bilingual speakers who begin learning the target language early in life. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate speech-in-noise and speech-in-speech recognition for highly proficient early bilingual listeners compared to monolingual and late bilingual listeners.

Method
Three groups of young adults participated: native monolingual English speakers, bilingual Mandarin–English speakers who learned English from birth (early bilinguals), and native Mandarin speakers who learned English later in life (late bilinguals). All participants had normal hearing and were full-time college students. Recognition was assessed for English sentences in speech-shaped noise and two-talker English speech. Participants provided linguistic and demographic information, and late bilinguals completed the Versant test of spoken English abilities.

Results
All listeners performed better in speech-shaped noise than two-talker speech. Performance was similar for monolingual and early bilinguals. Late bilinguals performed more poorly overall. There was evidence for a stronger association between masked speech recognition and English dominance for late bilinguals compared to early bilinguals.

Conclusion
These results support the conclusion that bilingualism itself does not necessarily result in a disadvantage when recognizing masked speech in noise and speech in speech. For populations similar to those studied here (highly proficient early bilinguals), it would be appropriate to evaluate masked speech recognition using the same simple stimuli and normative data used for monolingual speakers of English.
Cognitive Rehabilitation for Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: Developing and Piloting an External Aids Treatment Program
Authors: Spencer Kristie A. , Paul Jennifer , Brown Katherine A. , Ellerbrock Taylor , Sohlberg McKay Moore 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can have a detrimental effect on daily activities. To date, most cognitive treatments have had an impairment-based focus with primary outcome measures of formal neuropsychological test scores. Few, if any, studies have focused on functional improvement or patient-centered goals.

Method

Three individuals with idiopathic PD participated in an 8-week pilot treatment program to train for the use of compensatory external aids to achieve personalized goals. Goal attainment scaling was the primary outcome measure, which was independently judged by multiple raters at baseline, postintervention, and 1 month posttreatment and analyzed via
T
-score analysis. Descriptive measures, including self-report and spouse-report rating scales of cognitive functioning, were employed.

Results
All 3 participants improved in the majority of their laboratory and home goals posttreatment, as measured by goal attainment scaling, and maintained gains for the majority of goals 1 month posttreatment.

Conclusions
This is the 1st known study to implement an external aids treatment program with patient-centered goals for individuals with cognitive deficits from PD. Positive outcomes were likely influenced by 3 factors: (a) a theoretically motivated focus on external aids; (b) a well-documented, systematic approach to instruction; and (c) the personalization of goals.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10093493
Does host socio-spatial behavior lead to a fine-scale spatial genetic structure in its associated parasites?
Authors: Portanier Elodie , Garel Mathieu , Devillard Sébastien , Duhayer Jeanne , Poirel Marie-Thérèse , Henri Hélène , Régis Corinne , Maillard Daniel , Redman Elizabeth , Itty Christian , Michel Patricia , Bourgoin Gilles 
Published: November 2019

Gastro-intestinal nematodes, especially Haemonchus contortus, are widespread pathogenic parasites of small ruminants. Studying their spatial genetic structure is as important as studying host genetic structure to fully understand host-parasite interactions and transmission patterns. For parasites having a simple life cycle (e.g., monoxenous parasites), gene flow and spatial genetic structure are expected to strongly rely on the socio-spatial behavior of their hosts. Based on five microsatellite loci, we tested this hypothesis for H. contortus sampled in a wild Mediterranean mouflon population (Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.) in which species- and environment-related characteristics have been found to generate socio-spatial units. We nevertheless found that their parasites had no spatial genetic structure, suggesting that mouflon behavior was not enough to limit parasite dispersal in this study area and/or that other ecological and biological factors were involved in this process, for example other hosts, the parasite life cycle, or the study area history.
Perforator-based Reverse Radial Teno-Adipo-Fascial Flap: Surgical Technique and Case-report for the Functional Reconstruction of the Dorsum of the Hand
Authors: Raspanti Andrea , Poggetti Andrea , Ghezzi Serena , Delcroix Luca , Baldrighi Carla , Innocenti Marco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Dorsal complex cutaneotendinous lesions of the hand represent a reconstructive challenge. The use of composite microvascular flaps and vascularized tendon grafts represent the gold-standard. The radial anti-brachial region can still represent an excellent donor site, to the detriment of the possible sacrifice of the radial artery. The reverse radial anti-brachial flap can be either perforator-based, thus saving the radial artery or raised as an adipo-fascial flap, to spare the skin.
Patients and Methods A case of post-traumatic highly contaminated dorsal cutaneotendinous defect of the second ray of the hand was reported. An original surgical reconstructive technique with a Revers Radial Teno-Adipo-Fascial Flap (RRTAFF) plus vascularized Palmaris Longus was described, preserving the radial artery. A simple partial thickness skin graft was performed a second time to complete dorsal cutaneous coverage. A subsequent infection was managed by trusting the complete vascularization of the tissues used for the reconstruction.
Results The hand healed well with containment of the infection. The dorsal healed skin appeared elastic and pliable enough. Passive and active motion of interphalangeal and metacarpofalangeal joints were very satisfying. The donor site was well healed, with almost no morbidity.
Conclusions This reconstructive strategy provides a quick and straightforward single-stage option for the reconstruction of complex cutaneotendinous defects of the dorsum of the hand. Such a reconstruction, with a completely vascularized procedure, is particularly indicated in cases of high contamination or infection of the recipient site.
Undergraduate microsurgical training: a preliminary experience
Authors: Zyluk Andrzej , Szlosser Zbigniew , Puchalski Piotr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicrosurgical training is organised almost exclusively in a post-graduate setting, usually for residents of various surgical specialities. The aim of this study was to present an undergraduate microsurgical training model directed toward medicine students of clinical years. Curriculum design and results. Two six-participant groups of students interested in training were recruited. The programme consisted of 15 three-hour classes (2 hours’ work under the microscope) and divided into basic and advanced training parts. The simulation model used in this course was a chicken thigh. The basic training programme consisted of placing sutures on a latex glove followed by preparation of a chicken thigh neurovascular bundle and performing femoral nerve and artery anastomoses. The advanced part of the training consisted of practising the acquired skills and the introduction of new techniques such as end-to-side arterial anastomosis, artery and nerve repair with vein conduit. A “6-stitches test” was used as an outcome measure of the acquired microsurgical skills. After 15 weeks and 30 hours of training and performing 31 anastomoses the undergraduate microsurgical course was completed.
Conclusion The results of this study show that the undergraduate, facultative microsurgical training is effective in acquiring microsurgical skills, competence and confidence for participating students
Molecular Docking Studies and Synthesis of Amino-oxy-diarylquinoline Derivatives as Potent Non-nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Makarasen Arthit , Kuno Mayuso , Patnin Suwicha , Reukngam Nanthawan , Khlaychan Panita , Deeyohe Sirinya , Intachote Pakamas , Saimanee Busakorn , Sengsai Suchada , Boonsri Pornthip , Chaivisuthangkura Apinya , Sirithana Wandee , Techasakul Supanna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, amino-oxy-diarylquinolines were designed using structure-guided molecular hybridization strategy and fusing of the pharmacophore templates of nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV), etravirine (ETV, TMC125) and rilpivirine (RPV, TMC278). The anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was evaluated using standard ELISA method, and the cytotoxic activity was performed using MTT and XTT assays. The primary bioassay results indicated that 2-amino-4-oxy-diarylquinolines possess moderate inhibitory properties against HIV-1 RT. Molecular docking results showed that 2-amino-4-oxy-diarylquinolines 8(a-d) interacted with the Lys101 and His235 residue though hydrogen bonding and interacted with Tyr318 residue though π-π stacking in HIV-1 RT. Furthermore, 8a and 8d were the most potent anti-HIV agents among the designed and synthesized compounds, and their inhibition rates were 34.0% and 39.7% at 1 µM concentration. Interestingly, 8a was highly cytotoxicity against MOLT-3 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), with an IC50 of 4.63±0.62 µg/mL, which was similar with that in EFV and TMC278 (IC50 7.76±0.37 and 1.57±0.20 µg/ml, respectively). Therefore, these analogs of the synthesized compounds can serve as excellent bases for the development of new anti-HIV-1 agents in the near future.
Functional donor-site morbidity after soleus muscle-flap procedure in the treatment of lower limb severe injuries
Authors: Riccio Michele , Zingaretti Nicola , Verdini Federica , Marchesini Andrea , De Francesco Francesco , Parodi Pier Camillo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The gastrocnemius and soleus muscle flaps are the most commonly used transfer flaps to treat lower limb severe lesions. The use of the muscle as coverage tissuemay incur in functionality loss and motor control deficits. The aim of this study is to assess whether functional deficits are present during gait, posture and heel rise test (HRT).
Method From 2008–2013 we treated 9 patients suffering from complex injury of the lower third of the leg (Gustilo III B). A population of 9 patients (group A) was examined after reconstruction with a soleus muscle flap. The results were compared with a control population (group B: 9 patients). Each patient performed at least 3 gait tests at a fast pace, 2 posture tests and 2 HRT on an inclined plane.
Results Gait parameters for group A: Spatio-temporal parameters such as step length, cadence were reduced compared to the homolateral leg (p < 0.05). The initial double support phase was shorter in relation to the final phase and the first peak in the vertical ground reaction component was reduced compared to the contralateral leg.Posture for the group A: the mediolateral excursion (during open- and closed-eyes test) and the related mean velocity (in the open-eyes test) were significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.05).HRT for group A: the number of rises and relative height and angular excursion were reduced in the operated leg in relation to the control group (p < 0.05) and to the contralateral leg.
Conclusion The patients treated with the soleus muscle used as tissue defect coverage completely recovered the ability to walk but showed some deficits in kinetic parameters during the body weight-loading phase. During gait prolonged muscle activity compared to controls was observed. The absence of soleus (group A) revealed no significant alterations in postural control. However, the HRT remained the most relevant test to measure patients’ performance when treated with soleus flap in relation to the control group.
Vaskulitis: Rehabilitation und sozialmedizinische Leistungsbeurteilung
Authors: Gehlen Martin , Mahn Karin , Maier Anna , Schwarz-Eywill Michael 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungVaskulitiden sind seltene Erkrankungen mit potentiell lebensbedrohlichem Verlauf. Im Gegensatz zu anderen rheumatischen Erkrankungen konnte in den letzten 10 Jahren bei den Vaskulitiden zwar die Mortalität gesenkt werden, nicht jedoch die Zahl der Erwerbsminderungssrenten und der Arbeitsunfähigkeitstage.Dieser Artikel gibt dem klinisch tätigen Rheumatologen einen Überblick über die Rehabilitation und sozialmedizinische Begutachtung von Patienten mit Vaskulitis. Die Begründung der sozialmedizinischen Einschätzung erfolgt anhand der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsstörungen (ICF). Während einer Rehabilitation auf Kosten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung erfolgt immer eine umfassende sozialmedizinische Begutachtung.
The Association of International Normalized Ratio with Postoperative Complications in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Churchill Jessica L. , Samuel Linsen T. , Karnuta J. M. , Acuña Alexander J. , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between elevated preoperative international normalized ratio (INR) and (1) mortality, (2) postoperative bleeding, and (3) other postoperative complications in a national cohort of patients who underwent revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for rTKA procedures conducted between 2006 and 2017. Cohorts were based on INR ranges: <1, 1 < INR ≤ 1.25, 1.25 < INR ≤ 1.5, and >1.5. Univariate/multivariate statistics were calculated to analyze associations between INR value and designated covariates. These statistics were additionally applied to optimal cutoff values of INR calculated using a receiver operating characteristics curve. The final cohort consisted of 1,676 patients. Progressively higher INR values were associated with an increased risk of mortality within 30 days (p < 0.006), bleeding requiring transfusion (p < 0.001), sepsis (p < 0.001), return to the operating room (Odds Ratio [OR], p = 0.011), reintubation (p < 0.001), pneumonia (p < 0.001), failure to wean from mechanical ventilation ≤48 hours (p < 0.001), acute renal failure (p = 0.001), and hospital length of stay (LOS). Statistically significant associations were similarly seen when calculated optimal INR values were used. Optimal INR turn point was found to be associated with a significant increased risk of long LOS (optimal INR = 1.03, OR: 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–2.18; p < 0.001) and a significant decreased risk of bleeding requiring transfusion (INR = 1.005, OR: 0.732, 95% CI: 0.681–0.786; p < 0.001). High preoperative INR values were independently and significantly associated with an increased risk of multiple postoperative complications. Current guidelines for INR <1.5 should be reassessed for patients undergoing rTKA.
Possessive interpretation at the semantics-pragmatics interface
Authors: Kolkmann Julia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses semantic and pragmatic aspects of possessive interpretation (PI), the process whereby semantically underspecified possessive noun phrases (NPs) such asJohn Smith’s houseandthe house of John Smithreceive concrete referential interpretations (e.g. ‘the house owned by John Smith’) in context. By observing what is common to the interpretation of both constructions, I lay out the ingredients for a uniform pragmatic account of PI whilst rehashing the contextualist notion ofsaturation. As defined by Recanati (2004,2010) and many others, saturation is a linguistically mandated and obligatory pragmatic process, operating to enrich the incomplete logical forms of referring expressions, including possessive NPs. I argue that present proposals which assume that saturating the possessive relation is crucial to determining the possessive referent fail to do justice to the many ways in which possessive NPs may be understood in concrete communicative situations. Supporting similar claims byKorta and Perry (2017), this suggests that saturation is more adequately defined as a communicatively optional pragmatic process. The discussion simultaneously contributes to the growing literature on pragmatic aspects of constructions as form-meaning pairings, by outlining some of the theoretical issues that arise from the division of labour between semantic and pragmatic meaning in PI.
Characteristics of Women with Alcohol use Disorders who Benefit from Intensive Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Polcin Douglas , Witbrodt Jane , Nayak Madhabika B. , Korcha Rachael , Pugh Sheila , Salinardi Michelle 
Published: November 2019

Background Women with alcohol disorders have more severe problems related to their drinking than men. They have higher mortality from alcohol-related accidents and enter treatment with more serious medical, psychiatric, and social consequences. Objective This study assessed the effects of Intensive Motivational Interviewing (IMI), a new, 9-session counseling intervention for women with drinking problems. Methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 215 women. Most were white (83%), college educated (61%), and older (mean age 51). Half received IMI and half a standard single session of MI (SMI) along with an attention control (nutritional education). Results Generalized estimating equations models showed women who were heavy drinkers at baseline in the IMI condition reduced heavy drinking more than those in the SMI condition at 2-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Analyses of disaggregated subgroups showed IMI was most effective for women with low psychiatric severity, more severe physical and impulse control consequences associated with drinking, and higher motivation. However, formal 3-way interaction models (condition by moderator by time) showed significant effects primarily at 2 months. Conclusions Improvements associated with IMI were limited to heavy drinking and varied among subgroups of women. Studies of women with more diverse characteristics are needed.