bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic factors for short life span associated with evolution of the loss of flight ability
Authors: Ikemoto Atsushi , Sato Daiki X. , Makino Takashi , Kawata Masakado 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcquisition or loss of flying ability is evolutionarily linked with maximum life span (MLS) in mammals and birds. Although ecological factors, such as extrinsic mortality, may lead to either shortened or extended life spans through natural selection, MLS is influenced by complex molecular and metabolic processes, and the genetic changes associated with flying ability that have led to either a longer or shorter MLS are unknown. Here, we examine the parallel evolution of flight in mammals and birds and investigate positively selected genes at branches where either the acquisition (in little brown bats and large flying foxes) or loss (in Adélie penguins, emperor penguins, common ostriches, emus, great spotted kiwis, little spotted kiwis, okarito brown kiwis, greater rheas, lesser rheas, and cassowaries) of flight abilities occurred. Although we found no shared genes under selection among all the branches of interest, 7 genes were found to be positively selected in 2 of the branches. Among the 7 genes, only IGF2BP2 is known to affect both life span and energy expenditure. The positively selected mutations detected in IGF2BP2 likely affected the functionality of the encoded protein. IGF2BP2, which has been reported to simultaneously prolong life span and increase energy expenditure, could be responsible for the evolution of shortened MLS associated with the loss of flying ability.
An isotopic approach to partition evapotranspiration in a mixed deciduous forest
Authors: Aron Phoebe G. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Fiorella Richard P. , Matheny Ashley M. , Veverica Timothy J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTranspiration (T) is perhaps the largest fluxes of water from the land surface to the atmosphere and is susceptible to changes in climate, land use and vegetation structure. However, predictions of future transpiration fluxes vary widely and are poorly constrained. Stable water isotopes can help expand our understanding of land–atmosphere water fluxes but are limited by a lack of observations and a poor understanding of how the isotopic composition of transpired vapour (δT) varies. Here, we present isotopic data of water vapour, terrestrial water and plant water from a deciduous forest to understand how vegetation affects water budgets and land–atmosphere water fluxes. We measured subdiurnal variations of δ18OT from three tree species and used water isotopes to partition T from evapotranspiration (ET) to quantify the role of vegetation in the local water cycle. We find that δ18OT deviated from isotopic steady‐state during the day but find no species‐specific patterns. The ratio of T to ET varied from 53% to 61% and was generally invariant during the day, indicating that diurnal evaporation and transpiration fluxes respond to similar atmospheric and micrometeorological conditions at this site. Finally, we compared the isotope‐inferred ratio of T to ET with results from another ET partitioning approach that uses eddy covariance and sap flux data. We find broad midday agreement between these two partitioning techniques, in particular, the absence of a diurnal cycle, which should encourage future ecohydrological isotope studies. Isotope‐inferred estimates of transpiration can inform land surface models and improve our understanding of land–atmosphere water fluxes.
Immunotherapy of CT26 murine tumors is characterized by an oligoclonal response of tissue‐resident memory T cells against the AH1 rejection antigen
Authors: Stringhini Marco , Probst Philipp , Neri Dario 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMice bearing CT26 tumors can be cured by administration of L19‐mIL12 or F8‐mTNF, two antibody fusion proteins which selectively deliver their cytokine payload to the tumor. In both settings, cancer cures crucially depended on CD8+ T cells and the AH1 peptide (derived from the gp70 protein of the murine leukemia virus) acted as the main tumor‐rejection antigen, with ∼50% of CD8+ T cells in the neoplastic mass being AH1‐specific after therapy. In order to characterize the clonality of the T cell response, its phenotype, and activation status, we isolated CD8+ T cells from tumors and secondary lymphoid organs and submitted them to T cell receptor (TCR) and total mRNA sequencing. We found an extremely diverse repertoire of more than 40 000 unique TCR sequences, but the ten most abundant TCRs accounted for >60% of CD8+ T‐cell clones in the tumor. AH1‐specific TCRs were consistently found among the most abundant sequences. AH1‐specific T cells in the tumor had a tissue‐resident memory phenotype. Treatment with L19‐mIL12 led to overexpression of IL‐12 receptor and of markers of cell activation and proliferation. These data suggest that the antitumor response driven by antibody‐cytokine fusions proceeds through an oligoclonal expansion and activation of tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells.
Text‐based emotion detection: Advances, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Acheampong Francisca Adoma , Wenyu Chen , Nunoo‐Mensah Henry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEmotion detection (ED) is a branch of sentiment analysis that deals with the extraction and analysis of emotions. The evolution of Web 2.0 has put text mining and analysis at the frontiers of organizational success. It helps service providers provide tailor‐made services to their customers. Numerous studies are being carried out in the area of text mining and analysis due to the ease in sourcing for data and the vast benefits its deliverable offers. This article surveys the concept of ED from texts and highlights the main approaches adopted by researchers in the design of text‐based ED systems. The article further discusses some recent state‐of‐the‐art proposals in the field. The proposals are discussed in relation to their major contributions, approaches employed, datasets used, results obtained, strengths, and their weaknesses. Also, emotion‐labeled data sources are presented to provide neophytes with eligible text datasets for ED. Finally, the article presents some open issues and future research direction for text‐based
ED.
Adaptation via pleiotropy and linkage: Association mapping reveals a complex genetic architecture within the sticklebackEdalocus
Authors: Archambeault Sophie L. , Bärtschi Luis R. , Merminod Aurélie D. , Peichel Catherine L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenomic mapping of the loci associated with phenotypic evolution has revealed genomic “hotspots,” or regions of the genome that control multiple phenotypic traits. This clustering of loci has important implications for the speed and maintenance of adaptation and could be due to pleiotropic effects of a single mutation or tight genetic linkage of multiple causative mutations affecting different traits. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a powerful model for the study of adaptive evolution because the marine ecotype has repeatedly adapted to freshwater environments across the northern hemisphere in the last 12,000 years. Freshwater ecotypes have repeatedly fixed a 16 kilobase haplotype on chromosome IV that contains Ectodysplasin (Eda), a gene known to affect multiple traits, including defensive armor plates, lateral line sensory hair cells, and schooling behavior. Many additional traits have previously been mapped to a larger region of chromosome IV that encompasses the Eda freshwater haplotype. To identify which of these traits specifically map to this adaptive haplotype, we made crosses of rare marine fish heterozygous for the freshwater haplotype in an otherwise marine genetic background. Further, we performed fine-scale association mapping in a fully interbreeding, polymorphic population of freshwater stickleback to disentangle the effects of pleiotropy and linkage on the phenotypes affected by this haplotype. Although we find evidence that linked mutations have small effects on a few phenotypes, a small 1.4-kb region within the first intron of Eda has large effects on three phenotypic traits: lateral plate count, and both the number and patterning of the posterior lateral line neuromasts. Thus, the Eda haplotype is a hotspot of adaptation in stickleback due to both a small, pleiotropic region affecting multiple traits as well as multiple linked mutations affecting additional traits.
Individual antecedents of workplace victimisation: The role of negative affect, personality and self‐esteem in junior doctors' exposure to bullying at work
Authors: Samsudin Ely Zarina , Isahak Marzuki , Rampal Sanjay , Rosnah Ismail , Zakaria Mohd Idzwan 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPrevious studies have indicated that junior doctors commonly experience workplace bullying and that it may adversely impact medical training and delivery of quality healthcare. Yet, evidence on the precursors of bullying among them remains elusive. Drawing on the individual‐disposition hypothesis, the present paper examined the relationships of negative affect, personality and self‐esteem with workplace bullying among junior doctors. Multilevel analysis of a universal sample (n = 1074) of junior doctors working in the central zone of Malaysia using mixed effects logistic regression was performed. The results indicate that participants with moderate (AOR 4.40, 95% CI 2.20‐8.77) and high degree (AOR 13.69, 95% CI 6.46‐29.02) of negative affect as well as high degree of neuroticism (AOR 2.99, 95% CI 1.71‐5.21) have higher odds of being bullied compared to their counterparts. The findings present evidence that individual traits are associated with junior doctors' exposure to bullying. While victim blaming should be avoided, this suggest that antibullying measures with an interpersonal focus should be considered when developing antibullying initiatives targeted at junior doctors. This includes primary intervention such as cognitive training, secondary interventions such as resource enhancement building and conflict management skills training, and tertiary interventions such as counselling.
Spatiotemporal variability of alpine precipitable water over arid northwestern China
Authors: Wu Lei , Li Changbin , Wang Liuming , He Zhibin , Zhang Yuan , Wang Wanrui , Yang Linshan , Wei Jianmei , Xie Xuhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor a better understanding of the precipitable water in the arid northwestern China (NWC), we surveyed the water vapour variability on both sides of the alpine range crests based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission monthly precipitation data (TRMM 3B43). There were 12 target zones and 23 subzones in six mountain systems representatively selected according to alpine hydrogeomorphology. They were used for comparative analyses in time and space. Comparisons between the two sides of the range crests revealed that there is more precipitable water on the south slopes of the Qilian, Altun, Kunlun, and Altai Mountains, on the north slope of the Tian Mountains, and on the east slope of Helan Mountains. High correlations were detected between precipitable water for both sides of the range crests in target zones, while low correlations were found among precipitable water separately averaged in the Kunlun, Tian, and Qilian Mountains including both sides of the range crests. The proportion of precipitable water during the rainy season gradually increased from west to east along the mountains. Temporally, precipitation presented synchronous increases or decreases on the two sides of the range crests in most of the target zones during the time period from 1998 to 2016, and an overall increase in alpine annual precipitable water was found in the area, except for the decrease in the Altun and western Tian Mountains. The summer decay dominated the decrease in these two target zones, while strengthened conveyance was observed in other seasons, especially in spring and autumn, which compensated for, and led to, total increases in precipitable water in most of the target zones. All of the above findings were indicative of differences in vapour transport from outside areas into diverse alpine systems in the arid NWC, which could be schematically evidenced by the spatial patterns of monthly and annual water vapour conveyance retrieved from the TRMM precipitation data.
Numerical investigation of avulsions in gravel‐bed braided rivers
Authors: Yang Haiyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGravel‐bed braided rivers are highly energetic fluvial systems characterized by frequent in‐channel avulsions, which govern the morphodynamics of such rivers and are essential for them to maintain a braided planform. However, the avulsion mechanisms within natural braided rivers remain unclear due to their complicated hydraulic and morphodynamic processes. Influenced by neighbouring channels, avulsions in braided rivers may differ from those of bifurcations in single‐thread rivers, suggesting that avulsions should be studied within the context of the entire braid network. In this study, braiding evolution processes in gravel‐bed rivers were simulated using a physics‐based numerical model that considers graded bed‐load transport by dividing sediment particles into multiple size fractions and vertical sediment sorting by dividing the riverbed into several vertical layers. The numerical model successfully produced braiding processes and avulsion activities similar to those observed in a laboratory river. Results show that bend evolution of the main channel was the fundamental process controlling the occurrence of avulsions in the numerical model, with a cyclic process of channel meandering by lateral migration that transitioned to a straight channel pattern by avulsion. The radius of bend curvature for triggering avulsions in the numerical model was measured and it was found that the highest probability for a channel bend to generate an avulsion occurs when its radius of curvature is approximately 2.0–3.3 times the average anabranch width. Other types of avulsion were also observed that did not occur specifically at meander bends, but upstream meander evolution indirectly influenced such avulsions by altering channel pattern and discharge to those locations. This study explored the processes and mechanisms of several types of avulsion, and proposed factors controlling their occurrence, namely increasing channel curvature, high shear stress, tributary discharge, riverbed gradient and upstream channel pattern, with high shear stress being a direct indicator. Furthermore, avulsions in a typical gravel‐bed braided river, the Waimakariri River in New Zealand, were analysed using sequential Google Earth maps, which confirmed the conclusions derived from the numerical simulation.
Impacts of the Samarco Tailing Dam Collapse on Metals and Arsenic Concentration in Freshwater Fish Muscle from Doce River, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Frederico Fernandes , de Freitas Mariella Bontempo Duca , Szinwelski Neucir , Vicente Natállia , Medeiros Laila Carine Campos , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud , Dergam Jorge Abdala , Sperber Carlos Frankl 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
On November 2015, Samarco tailings dam in Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil, collapsed, releasing 62 million tons of tailings that advanced through 668 km of the Doce River and adjacent floodplain. Although the collapse was the worst environmental disaster in Brazil, little is known about its consequences to aquatic biota. Here we evaluate the effects of the tailings mudflow on metal and As concentration in fish and how concentration correlates with water and fish characteristics. We quantified semitotal amounts of Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in fish muscle tissue using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 255 individuals (34 species) sampled in unaffected and affected areas along the Doce River basin. Arsenic and Hg were higher in fish from affected sites, likely due to turbulent mixing of previously sedimented material by the giant tailings wave. Silver and Zn concentrations were higher in unaffected sites. Arsenic concentration in Geophagus brasiliensis decreased with increasing fish weight. Copper and Zn decreased with increasing fish weight considering the whole assembly of fish. The tailings mudflow increased water conductivity, and conductivity increased Al concentration in fish, so we expected a larger Al concentration in fishes from affected sites. However, the observed Al concentration in fishes from affected sites was lower than expected by water conductivity. Thus, the tailings mudflow reduced Al uptake or accumulation in fishes. Mercury decreased with increasing water conductivity in both unaffected and affected sites considering all species and in G. brasiliensis alone. Despite the relatively low concentration range of metals and As found in fish, fishes from sites affected by the Fe ore tailings mudflow showed higher As and Hg concentration, compared to fishes from unaffected sites. The higher As and Hg in affected sites require further detailed monitoring to ensure safeguards of human health by fishing activity along the Doce River. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:622–630. © 2020 SETAC
Time trends of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer
Authors: Riedel Fabian , Hoffmann Ann Sophie , Moderow Mareike , Heublein Sabine , Deutsch Thomas M. , Golatta Michael , Wallwiener Markus , Schneeweiss Andreas , Heil Joerg , Hennigs André 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in early breast cancer (EBC) enables in vivo sensitivity testing and less radical surgery as compared to primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). The aim of our study is to illustrate trends of systemic treatment of EBC. The study analyzed chemotherapy usage and time trends for patients with EBC treated at 104 German breast units between January 2008 and December 2017. The data were obtained through a quality‐controlled benchmarking process. Altogether, 124 084 patients were included, of whom 46 279 (37.3%) received chemotherapy. For 44 765 of these cases, detailed information on systemic treatment and surgery were available. Overall use of chemotherapy declined from 42.0% in 2008 to 32.0% in 2017. During that same time, the proportion of NACT increased from 20.0% to 57.7%, irrespective of tumor subtype. The pathological complete response (pCR) rate (defined as ypT0 ypN0) at surgery after NACT increased from 15.0% to 34.2%. The results from this large cohort from the clinical routine reflect the refined indications for chemotherapy in EBC.
Impact of uterus‐preserving surgery on Stage I primary mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A multi‐institutional study with propensity score‐weighted analysis
Authors: Yoshihara Masato , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Tamauchi Satoshi , Iyoshi Shohei , Yokoi Akira , Suzuki Shiro , Kawai Michiyasu , Nagasaka Tetsuro , Takahashi Kunihiko , Matsui Shigeyuki , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of women with Stage I primary mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (mEOC) and evaluate the impact of uterus‐preserving surgery (UPS) in terms of survival prognosis.MethodsA regional multi‐institutional retrospective study conducted between January 1986 and March 2017 by reviewing records of the Tokai Ovarian Tumor Study Group. Clinical and pathologic data and survival outcomes were assessed for women with Stage I primary mEOC. The baseline imbalance between women with and those without UPS was adjusted by an inverse probability of treatment weighting method using the propensity score (PS) of independent clinical variables.ResultsAmong 4730 women with malignant ovarian tumors, 185 had Stage I primary mEOC and were included in the study. The mean age was 47.6 years (range 12–87 years), and 56 (30.3%) women underwent UPS. After PS‐based adjustment, women in the UPS group did not have a poorer prognosis regarding overall survival (P=0.776) or recurrence‐free survival (P=0.683). Even after age stratification, there was no statistical difference in survival outcomes between the UPS and non‐UPS groups.ConclusionUPS was not associated with decreased survival and may be a treatment option for women with Stage I primary mEOC irrespective of age.
A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19
Authors: Ren Yunzhao R. , Golding Amit , Sorbello Alfred , Ji Ping , Chen Jianmeng , Saluja Bhawana , Witzmann Kimberly , Arya Vikram , Reynolds Kellie S. , Choi Su‐Young , Nikolov Nikolay P. , Sahajwalla Chandrahas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis literature review aims to provide a comprehensive current summary of the pathogenesis, clinical features, disease course, host immune responses, and current investigational antiviral and immunomodulatory pharmacotherapies to facilitate the development of future therapies and measures for prevention and control.
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) complicated by pulmonary embolism and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Li Ting , Cheng Guang‐Shing , Pipavath Sudhakar N. J. , Kicska Gregory A. , Liu Liangjin , Kinahan Paul E. , Wu Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy played an important role in morbidity and mortality of severe COVID‐19 patients. A higher frequency of pulmonary embolism (PE) than expected in COVID‐19 patients was recently reported. The presenting symptoms for PE were untypical including dyspnea, which is one of the major symptoms in severe COVID‐19, especially in those patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We reported two COVID‐19 cases with coexisting complications of PE and ARDS, aiming to consolidate the emerging knowledge of this global health emergency and raise the awareness that the hypoxemia or severe dyspnea in COVID‐19 may be related to PE and not necessarily always due to the parenchymal disease.
The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2: From a zoonotic infection to coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: dos Santos Bezerra Rafael , Valença Ian N. , de Cassia Ruy Patrícia , Ximenez João P. B. , da Silva Junior Wilson A. , Covas Dimas T. , Kashima Simone , Slavov Svetoslav N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus (CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐2 is an international public health emergency. Until now, the intermediate host and mechanisms of the interspecies jump of this virus are unknown. Phylogenetic analysis of all available bat CoV complete genomes was performed to analyze the relationships between bat CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2. To suggest a possible intermediate host, another phylogenetic reconstruction of CoV genomes obtained from animals that were hypothetically commercialized in the Chinese markets was also carried out. Moreover, mutation analysis was executed to suggest genomic regions that may have permitted the adaptation of SARS‐CoV‐2 to the human host. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SARS‐CoV‐2 formed a cluster with the bat CoV isolate RaTG13. Possible CoV interspecies jumps among bat isolates were also observed. The phylogenetic tree reconstructed from CoV strains belonging to different animals demonstrated that SARS‐CoV‐2, bat RaTG13, and pangolin CoV genomes formed a monophyletic cluster, demonstrating that pangolins may be suggested as SARS‐CoV‐2 intermediate hosts. Three AA substitutions localized in the S1 portion of the S gene were observed, some of which have been correlated to structural modifications of the S protein which may facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 tropism to human cells. Our analysis shows the tight relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 and bat SARS‐like strains. It also hypothesizes that pangolins might have been possible intermediate hosts of the infection. Some of the observed AA substitutions in the S‐binding protein may serve as possible adaptation mutations in humans but more studies are needed to elucidate their function.