bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramedullary mature teratoma with an exophytic component in an adult: Report of a case and literature review
Authors: Rahimizadeh Abolfazl , Malekmohammadi Zahed , Samie Saed , Williamson Walter L. , Amirzadeh Mahan 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Intramedullary mature teratomas (IMMTs) are rare. This is particularly true in the adult population.

Case Description:
A 49-year-old female developed progressive paraparesis due to a T6 intramedullary mature teratoma with an exophytic component. She was successfully managed, utilizing a laminectomy with microsurgical tumor removal. The literature review documented 57 similar cases.

Conclusion:
Here, we presented a 49-year-old female with a T6 intramedullary mature teratoma accompanied by an exophytic component who underwent total tumor resection with an incomplete recovery.
Technical outcome of atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation without supplementary posterior construct for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Thomas Philip , Amoo Michael , Horan Jack , Husien Mohammed Ben , Cawley Derek , Nagaria Jabir , Bolger Ciaran 
Published: July 2020

Background:
transarticular screw (TAS) fixation without a supplementary posterior construct, even in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, provides sufficient stability with acceptable clinical results. Here, we present our experience with 15 RA patients who underwent atlantoaxial (AA) TAS fixation without utilizing a supplementary posterior fusion.

Methods:
To treat AA instability, all 15 RA patients underwent C1–C2 TAS fixation without a supplementary posterior construct. Patients were followed for at least 24 months. Pre- and postoperative sagittal measures of C1– C2, C2–C7, and C1–C7 angles, atlanto-dens interval (ADI), posterior atlanto-dens interval (PADI), and adjacent segment (i.e., C2–C3) anterior disc height (ADH) were retrospectively recorded from lateral X-ray imaging. The presence or absence of superior migration of the odontoid (SMO), cervical subaxial subluxation, C1–C2 bony fusion, screw pull-out, and screw breakage were also noted.

Results:
There was little difference between the pre- and postoperative studies regarding angles measured. Following TAS fixation, the mean ADI shortened, and mean PADI lengthened. There was no difference in the mean measures of C2–C3 ADH. There was no evidence of SMO pre- or postoperatively. Two patients developed anterior subluxation at C5–C6; one of the two also developed anterior subluxation at C2–C3. All patients subsequently showed C1–C2 bony fusion without screw pull-out or breakage.

Conclusion:
In RA patients who have undergone C1–C2 TAS fixation, eliminating a supplementary posterior fusion resulted in adequate stability.
Metastatic small cell neuroendocrine tumor with spinal cord compression – Understanding a rare entity
Authors: Hadgaonkar Shailesh , Zawar Amogh , Patel Anoop , Kothari Ajay , Shyam Ashok , Sancheti Parag 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Metastatic spinal cord compression with carcinoid tumor as primary is a rare entity with its own diagnostic dilemmas and surgical challenges. Most of these neuroendocrine tumors arise from the gastrointestinal tract or lungs with metastasis to spine in <2% cases. Early diagnosis in an orderly manner is of significance as most of it is delayed due to slowly developing symptoms. Furthermore, prompt management has been an important factor as morbidity and mortality are high in such cases and surgical intervention if needed, which can be a challenge due to disturbed alignment, complex regional anatomy, and careful handling of spinal cord.

Case Description:
The authors describe a case report on similar lines of a middle aged gentleman presenting with low back pain and weakness in both lower limbs which on further investigations revealed a pathological fracture causing spinal cord compression due to metastasis from small cell carcinoma in the lungs, managed with surgical intervention, and subsequently with radiotherapy.

Conclusion:
Secondary metastatic deposits in the lumbar vertebrae due to carcinoid tumors in the lungs are a rare entity and can be difficult to diagnose and manage further. However, it should be included in the list of differential diagnosis. The case report emphasizes on using investigative modalities such as PET-CT scan to aid an early diagnosis and plan further treatment plan as early as possible to offer a better quality of life to the patients.
CORTICAL BRANCHES OF THE MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY IN EUROPEAN BADGER (Meles meles)
Authors: Skoczylas Benedykt , Brudnicki Witold , Kirkiłło-Stacewicz Krzysztof , Nowicki Włodzimierz , Wach Jan 
Published: July 2020

The pattern and variation of the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery in European badger were studied for 64 cerebral hemispheres. It was found that the artery bifurcates into splits into ten permanent branches. Two olfactory arteries supply the area of the brain situated on the border between the old and the new cortex. The other eight branches get divided into three branches heading for the frontal region, two branches – to the parietal region and three temporal branches which supply only the new cortex. The frontal, parietal and temporal branches descended independently from the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery or formed a common trunk first. Common trunks for respective groups of branches have been described as the rostral, dorsal and caudal middle cerebral artery. The rostral olfactory artery in 6.3% of the cases investigated was an independent branch from the rostral cerebral artery.Key words: arteries; brain; European badgerKORTIKALNE VEJE SREDNJE MOŽGANSKE ARTERIJE PRI EVROPSKEM JAZBECU (Meles meles)Povzetek: Vzorec in razlike v razvejanosti kortikalnih vej srednje možganske arterije smo preučevali v 64 možganskih poloblah evropskega jazbeca. Ugotovili smo, da se glavna arterija razdeli na deset vedno prisotnih vej. Dve vohalni arteriji oskrbujeta območje možganov, ki se nahaja na meji med področjem neokorteksa in starejšega dela skorje možgan. Preostalih osem vej se deli na tri veje, ki se usmerijo v čelno področje, dve veji usmerjeni v parietalno področje in tri senčnične veje, ki oskrbujejo področje neokorteksa. Čelne, parietalne in temporalne veje se spustijo neodvisno od glavnega debla srednje možganske arterije, ali pa najprej oblikujejo skupno deblo. Običajna debla za posamezne skupine vej so opisana kot rostralna, dorzalna in kavdalna srednja možganska arterija. Rostralna vohalna arterija je bila v 6,3 odstotkih preiskovanih primerov neodvisna od rostralne možganske arterije.Ključne besede: arterije; možgani; evropski jazbec
COMPARISONS OF THE HISTOLOGICAL MORPHOLOGY AND IN VITRO PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF CAFFEINE IN SHED SNAKE SKIN AND HUMAN SKIN
Authors: Sacha Manuel , Weisbach Nancy , Pöhler Anna-Sophie , Demmerle Nina , Haltner Eleonore 
Published: July 2020

The employment of excised skin (human or animal) mounted in diffusion cells is frequently used for the characterization of biopharmaceutical properties of topical semisolids dosage forms. Reptile skin from snake appears to be a useful alternative to other animal and human skins in assessing the potential for transdermal drug delivery. The aim of the study was to compare human and snake skin from a histological point of view. Furthermore the absorption of caffeine, as a hydrophilic model substance, was compared on snake shed skins (two anatomical locations; ventral and dorsal), from three different species, Python regius, Epicrates maurus colombianus, Lampropeltis triangulum campbelli, and human skin. Snake skin shows histological similarity to human Stratum corneum in term of thickness and composition. Regarding the absorption, the cumulative amount of caffeine increased linearly with time through the dorsal and ventral shed skins of all 3 species. Except for Lampropeltis triangulum campbelli ventral skin, the caffeine permeation behavior obtained on all snake shed skins evaluated was in a similar range as on human skin. One main advantage of shed skin, is that snakes molt regularly and can provide many sheds, that can be obtained without sacrificing the animals.Key words: caffeine; transdermal; shed skin; in vitro; snake; topical formulation PRIMERJAVA HISTOLOŠKE ZGRADBE TER PERKUTANE ABSORPCIJE KOFEINA IN VITRO V LEVKU KAČ IN ČLOVEŠKI KOŽI Povzetek: Koža (človeškega ali živalskega izvora) se pogosto uporablja kot orodje za proučevanje biofarmacevtskih lastnosti topikalnih zdravil. Koža kač bi lahko bila uporabna alternativa drugim živalskim kožam in človeški koži pri oceni sposobnosti prenosa zdravil preko kože. Cilj študije je bil histološka primerjava človeške in kačje kože ter primerjava absorpcije kofeina kot hidrofilne modelne snovi na levkih kač iz dorzalnega in ventralnega področja treh različnih vrst kač: kraljevega pitona (Python regius), mavričnega udava (Epicrates maurus colombianus), mlečne kače (Lampropeltis triangulum campbelli). Kačja koža je histološko podobna človeški glede debeline in sestave roženi plasti (stratum corneum). Glavna prednost levitve kač je, da se dogaja večkrat, kar omogoča pridobitev več levkov, ki se jih lahko pridobi brez žrtvovanja živali. Rezultati so pokazali, da se je skupna količina kofeina sčasoma linearno povečevala v dorzalnih in ventralnih levkih pri vseh treh vrstah kač, razen na na ventralnem področju levka mlečne kače (Lampropeltis triangulum campbelli), pri katerem je bila prehodnost kofeina podobna kot pri prehodu skozi človeško kožo. Ključne besede: kofein; transdermalno; levek; in vitro; kača; topikalni pripravek
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Prognostic value of myocardial fibrosis volume as a predictor of chronic heart failure progression
Authors: Komissarova S. S. , Zakharova E. J. , Rineiska N. M. , Haidel I. K. 
Published: July 2020

Determining the clinical course of disease in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with the presence of symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) progression remains a complex and unresolved problem.Objective. The objective of the study was to analyze the variants of clinical course in patients with CHF due to progressive LV dysfunction and to evaluate the prognostic role of myocardial fibrosis volume according to late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as a predictor of CHF progression to NYHA FC III.Material and Methods. A comprehensive examination including cardiac echocardiography, Holter ECG monitoring, and late gadolinium enhancement CMR, was performed in 124 patients (79 men and 45 women, median age of 46 years) with HCM who were observed in Republican Scientific and Practical Centre “Cardiology”. The median follow-up was 41 months (from 25 to 58 months). The clinical endpoint was progression of CHF symptoms from NYHA FC I–II to class III requiring hospitalization.Results and Discussion. Among 124 patients with HCM, CHF progression requiring hospitalization during the follow-up period was observed in 24 patients with preserved systolic function (LV EF > 50%). The 5-year survival rate was 83% (95% CI 76.5–90.1). As a new marker aimed at identifying patients at risk of CHF progression, the volume of myocardial fibrosis was analyzed using the late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MR. The level of fibrosis, associated with the progression of heart failure, was 20%. The log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed statistically significant diff erences (p = 0.001) in groups with fibrosis volume less than 20% and more than 20%. Event-free survival was 95.2% (95% CI 89.9–100%) and 32.1% (95% CI 17.9–57.4%), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent factors associated with CHF progression and associated hospitalization were age over 50 years (HR 5.9; 95% CI 2.3–15.1, p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes (HR 5.6; 95% CI 2.2–14.2, p < 0.001), and percentage of myocardial fibrosis volume ≥20% according to cardiac MR data (HR 23.3; 95% CI 7.3–74.8, p < 0.001).Conclusion. Based on the results of a multi-factor analysis, we identified a group of HCM patients at risk of CHF progression requiring hospitalization. These patients were over 50 years of age, had AF episodes, and a myocardial fibrosis volume ≥20%.
Pelaksanaan Haji Di Luar Bulan Dzulhijjah
Authors: Syarif Fajar 
Published: July 2020

This research has proven that the time of implementation of performing hajj that is exist now is raw so it is impossible to establish the the hajj performing beyond the predetermined time. It is based on the proposition exist, not only in the Qur'an but also in Hadith. In accordance with the object of study, the type of this study is a research of library (library research). Therefore, during the assessment, the argument that supports this paper and understanding construction process, are taken from books or representative and relevant research with this study object
La tradizione indiretta dei frammenti 390 e 391 R. deiManteisdi Sofocle da Alessandria a Bisanzio (con un sondaggio sul cod.Lips. gr.2)
Authors: Carrara Laura 
Published: July 2020

This article sets out to reconstruct the long and intricate road which has brought down to us two Sophoclean trimeters containing the proper name Πολύϊδος and once featuring in this poet’s now lost playManteis(frr. 390 and 391 in Radt’s edition). Its main contention is that the two lines were selected for quotation – and thus saved from oblivion – by the grammarian Aelius Herodianus (2nd c. AD); he included them in his discussion of the correct spelling of Πολύϊδος (with ι, not with ει) in his lost workOrthography. It is argued that Herodianus’ entry on Πολύϊδος built on previous Alexandrian scholarship (now largely lost) on the seer’s name and that it was, in its turn, used as a source, direct and/or indirect, by the Byzantine testimonies of the Sophoclean fragments. While trying to demonstrate this, the article revives R. Reitzenstein’s old hypothesis that portions of Herodian’s Orthography are reflected in the orthographic palimpsest known asLips.2.
Assessment of the impact on the health of the population of emissions from rolling production of a metallurgical plant
Authors: Kislitsyna V. V. , Surzhikov D. V. , Golikov R. A. , Mukasheva M. A. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction.Th e development of the metallurgical industry in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo region, has led to a diffi cult environmental situation. Determining the relationship between exposure to atmospheric emissions and the health of the population based on the risk assessment methodology is an urgent hygiene issue.The aim of the studyis to assess the risk of health problems from emissions from rolling production of a metallurgical plant.Materials and methods. We used data from the volume of maximum permissible emissions of the enterprise. Calculations of maximum single and average annual concentrations of pollutants were carried out using the program “ECOcenter-Standard”. Public health risks were calculated and compared with acceptable values. Th e work also determined the values of risk levels taking into account background concentrations.Results.Priority pollutants were identifi ed: diiron trioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, benz(a)pyrene. Th e maximum one-time and average annual concentrations of substances at the selected calculation points were determined, and the maximum permissible concentration of diiron trioxide was found to be exceeded. Immediate action risk levels are zero. The highest risk levels of chronic intoxication, expressed as a percentage of a unit, are observed from exposure to diiron trioxide (0.004-0.043) and nitrogen dioxide (0.001-0.012). The maximum total level of risks of chronic intoxication (0.012) is observed at the point of exposure to concentrations #3 from the infl uence of nitrogen dioxide, which is due to the close location of pollution sources. The carcinogenic risk from exposure to benz(a)pyrene ranges from 1×10-8 to 9×10-8 (as a fraction of a unit). The combined values of carcinogenic risk and immediate action risk are below the acceptable risk level. In seven points of exposure to concentrations, the total risk of chronic intoxication exceeds the acceptable level by 1.10-3.45 times.The greatest risk of immediate action, taking into account background concentrations, is observed from the action of carbon monoxide and benz(a)pyrene. Th e carcinogenic risk exceeds the acceptable level by 6-12 times. The risk of chronic intoxication, taking into account the background, exceeds an acceptable level. Th e highest total risk levels are typical for the Kuznetsky district of Novokuznetsk. Conclusions. Atmospheric emissions fr om rolling mill production contribute to air pollution in the city, increasing the risk of chronic intoxication.
Dynamics of heart rate variability indicators in miners with professional polyneuropathy during clinoorthostatic testing
Authors: Gidayatova M. O. , Fleishman A. N. , Martynov I. D. , Yamshchikova A. V. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction.Intensive development of coal mining in Kuzbass contributes to the growth of professional pathology. Production factors lead to autonomous dysregulation and damage to peripheral nerves, and the development of upper limb polyneuropathy. Analysis of heart rate variability is currently widely used to determine the features of vegetative maintenance, in the conditions of a clinoorthostatic test, it allows you to assess the safety of vegetative regulation, and makes it possible to predict the course of the disease.The aim of the studywas to study the dynamics of heart rate variability in clinoorthostatic samples in miners with professional upper limb polyneuropathy to assess the nature and level of vegetative disorders.Materials and methods. Th e analysis of changes in spectral and nonlinear parameters of heart rate variability at the stages of performing an active clinoorthostatic test in 40 miners with the established diagnosis of upper limb polyneuropathy and 20 people who do not have harmful occupational factors and symptoms of polyneuropathy, who made up the control group, was carried out.Results. Th e subjects with polyneuropathy had an initial decrease in high-frequency and low-frequency spectral parameters of heart rate variability as a sign of vegetative insuffi ciency. Th e absence of an increase in the low frequency index for a sample with active orthostasis indicates a violation of the sympathetic link reaction, reduced sensitivity of baroreceptors. Changes in the spectral index of a very low frequency of heart rate variability remained in the range of normal values at all stages of the test.Conclusions. Th e study of heart rate variability at the stages of a clinoorthostatic test allows us to determine the nature and level of violations of vegetative regulation in miners with professional polyneuropathy, as well as the possibility of compensatory mechanisms.
Clinical and experimental studies of cardiovascular disorders in the conditions of fluoride intoxication of the body
Authors: Yadykina T. K. , Кorotenko O. Yu. , Panev N. I. , Semenova E. A. , Zhukova A. G. , Mikhailova N. N. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Th e aluminum industry occupies one of the leading positions among other branches of non-ferrous metallurgy in terms of the prevalence of occupational pathology, many questions of pathophysiological mechanisms of its development remain open. Among the concomitant somatic diseases in workers engaged in the production of aluminum, the fi rst place is occupied by the pathology of the cardiovascular system against the background of chronic fl uoride intoxication of the body.The aim of the study is to identify some features of the formation of cardiovascular pathology in the conditions of prolonged exposure to high doses of fl uorides on the body. Materials and methods. A complex analysis of the prevalence of cardiovascular pathology and specifi c features of the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis was performed based on clinical and genetic research methods in 246 workers with fl uorosis and in the comparison group (106 people). Experimental studies of the morphofunctional state of the myocardium and blood vessels in conditions of chronic fl uoride exposure with histological analysis of tissues were performed on white laboratory rats.Results. In the clinical pilot study with the assessment of pathological disorders of the cardiovascular system in terms of fl uoride intoxication revealed the structure and frequency of cardiovascular disease metallurgists main and auxiliary workers, employed in the production of aluminium. Th e Association of VEGF, IL1β, GSTT 1, GSTM1, СYP1А1, CYP1A2 genes with concomitant coronary, obliterating and multifocal atherosclerosis, heart rhythm disorders, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease complicated by pyelonephritis and liver steatosis was determined. Th e experiment shows the toxic eff ect of fl uoride on the myocardium and coronary vessels.Conclusions. In the ranking structure of professionally determined morbidity in workers engaged in the production of aluminum, cardiovascular pathology prevails, in particular, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis against the background of pronounced multi-organ manifestations, violations of bone metabolism, confi rmed by experimental data.
Adaptogenic correction of free radical brain damage in subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride
Authors: Zhukova A. G. , Gorokhova L. G. , Kazitskaya A. S. , Yadykina T. K. , Mikhailova N. N. , Arkhipenko Yu. V. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Fluorine compounds in small doses, but with prolonged exposure, cause various disorders in organs at the cellular and molecular levels. Activation of free-radical processes plays an important role in the damaging eff ect of fl uorides. Th erefore, one of the most eff ective ways to limit fl uorine-induced damage is to directly aff ect free-radical processes using herbal preparations with antioxidant properties.The aim of the study is to study the eff ect of a dihydroquercetin-based drug on the activity of free radical processes in brain tissue under subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF).Materials and methods. Th e work was performed on white male laboratory rats weighing 200-250 g. Th e rats were divided into 3 groups: 1 — control; 2 — rats with chronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF) for 9 weeks; 3 — rats receiving a NAF solution with simultaneous administration of a complex drug based on dihydroquercetin at a dose of 3 mg/kg in 1% starch gel for 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The activity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes — superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase-was determined in the cerebral cortex. Th e level of expression of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF — 1A and inducible forms of proteins HSP72 and HSP32 were determined in the cytosolic fraction of brain tissue.Results. In the early stages of subchronic fl uoride exposure (1-3 weeks), the expression of protective proteins HIF-1α, HSP72, HSP32 and catalase was shown in the rat cortex, as a result of which the activity of free-radical processes was maintained at the control level. An increase in the timing of fl uoride intake to 9 weeks led to a decrease in antioxidant protection and signifi cant activation of free radical oxidation in brain tissue. Daily administration of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin for 3, 6 and 9 weeks to rats with subchronic fl uoride exposure led to a decrease in the severity of pro- and antioxidant balance disorders in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the greatest protective eff ect of dihydroquercetin with fl uoride exposure was manifested by the 9th week of its administration.Conclusions. When subchronic intake of fl uorides in the body, the drug based on dihydroquercetin has a neuroprotective eff ect, which is manifested by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes of fr ee radical oxidation and catalase and the resistance of the cortex to induced fr ee radical oxidation.