bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESENVOLVIMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO DE HIDROGEIS DE CARBOXIMETILCELULOSE PARA O TRATAMENTO DE FERIDAS
Authors: Monteiro Mariana Sato de Souza Bustamante , Dos Santos Thais Menezes , Oliveira Catarina Amorim , Freitas Zaida Maria Faria de , Santos Elisabete Pereira dos 
Published: April 2020

As feridas crônicas são um problema de saúde pública, uma vez que o retardo no processo de cicatrização aumenta os custos da assistência da saúde. O hidrogel de carboximetilcelulose (CMC) é um sistema disperso, semissólido, formado por CMC disperso em um veículo aquoso, muito utilizado no tratamento de feridas, pois estimula o desbridamento autolítico. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar hidrogeis de CMC, variando as concentrações de CMC em 2%, 3,5% ou 5% p/v e as concentrações e o tipo de agente umectante, como glicerina ou propilenoglicol em 10%, 15% e 20% p/v. Foram avaliadas as características organolépticas e físico‑químicas, pH, oclusividade, espalhabilidade e reologia das formulações. Todas as formulações apresentaram pH em torno de 7,0. Os geis com maior espalhabilidade foram os aqueles com 2% de CMC e 10% de glicerina e propilenoglicol. Nas análises reológicas, os maiores valores de viscosidade foram apresentados pelas formulações contendo propilenoglicol. A viscosidade aumentou com o aumento da concentração de CMC, assim como a tensão de cisalhamento. As formulações contendo glicerina apresentaram maior proximidade entre os valores dos módulos de armazenamento (G’) e de perda (G’’). A única formulação que apresentou ponto de cedência foi o gel de CMC a 5% com 20% de glicerina. Dessa forma, foi possível desenvolver e avaliar hidrogeis de CMC para o tratamento de feridas.
EFEITOS DE POLISSACARÍDEOS DO JAMBO NO MODELO TUMORAL SOLIDO DE EHRLICH EM CAMUNDONGOS
Authors: Seko Gabriele Harumi , Mendonça Kamila Stelly , Turin-Oliveira Natalia Mulinari , Adami Eliana Rezende , Stipp Maria Carolina , Galindo Claudia Martins , Corso Claudia Rita , Milani Letícia , Rosa Camila Tamiello , Cordeiro Lucimara Mach Cortês , Queiroz-Telles José Ederaldo , Acco Alexandra 
Published: April 2020

O tratamento de câncer envolve fármacos que podem causar diversos efeitos colaterais. Assim, existe uma busca por tratamentos com menor toxicidade. Dentre os compostos estudados, os polissacarídeos de plantas superiores destacam‑se como antioxidantes e antitumorais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos antitumorais in vivo de polissacarídeos do jambo (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) e da associação destes com um tratamento padrão (metotrexato), utilizando como ferramenta o tumor sólido de Ehrlich em camundongos. Os grupos de camundongos inoculados com células tumorais foram: I) Controle negativo (água destilada), II) PJ 100 (polissacarídeos do jambo, 100 mg/kg), III) PJ 150, IV) PJ 250, V) Controle positivo (metotrexato dose menor – MTX 1,5 mg/kg), VI) Controle positivo (MTX dose maior – 2,5 mg/kg) e VII) PJ 250 + MTX 2,5 mg/kg. Houve redução no peso tumoral pelos PJ, principalmente com PJ 250 (‑45%), semelhante à inibição causada pelo MTX 2,5 (‑43%), enquanto a associação PJ+MTX não potencializou esta inibição. No tecido tumoral, os PJ reduziram os níveis de parâmetros inflamatórios em relação ao controle negativo, porém a redução não foi dose‑dependente. Os PJ elevaram a atividade da superóxido dismutase tumoral e não causaram alterações hematológicas. Os PJ também não causaram danos relevantes ao fígado, órgão‑alvo de toxicidade de fármacos. Conclui‑se que os PJ reduziram o crescimento do tumor de Ehrlich, provavelmente por modulação do processo inflamatório no microambiente tumoral, evidenciando o potencial adjuvante dos PJ em quimioterapias. Assim, seus efeitos deverão ser ainda investigados em outros modelos tumorais e tipos celulares.
Carbon Monoxide, a Retrograde Messenger Generated in Postsynaptic Mushroom Body Neurons, Evokes Noncanonical Dopamine Release
Authors: Ueno Kohei , Morstein Johannes , Ofusa Kyoko , Naganos Shintaro , Suzuki-Sawano Ema , Minegishi Saika , Rezgui Samir P. , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Michel Brian W. , Chang Christopher J. , Horiuchi Junjiro , Saitoe Minoru 
Published: April 2020

Dopaminergic neurons innervate extensive areas of the brain and release dopamine (DA) onto a wide range of target neurons. However, DA release is also precisely regulated. InDrosophila melanogasterbrain explant preparations, DA is released specifically onto α3/α′3 compartments of mushroom body (MB) neurons that have been coincidentally activated by cholinergic and glutamatergic inputs. The mechanism for this precise release has been unclear. Here we found that coincidentally activated MB neurons generate carbon monoxide (CO), which functions as a retrograde signal evoking local DA release from presynaptic terminals. CO production depends on activity of heme oxygenase in postsynaptic MB neurons, and CO-evoked DA release requires Ca2+efflux through ryanodine receptors in DA terminals. CO is only produced in MB areas receiving coincident activation, and removal of CO using scavengers blocks DA release. We propose that DA neurons use two distinct modes of transmission to produce global and local DA signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine (DA) is needed for various higher brain functions, including memory formation. However, DA neurons form extensive synaptic connections, while memory formation requires highly specific and localized DA release. Here we identify a mechanism through which DA release from presynaptic terminals is controlled by postsynaptic activity. Postsynaptic neurons activated by cholinergic and glutamatergic inputs generate carbon monoxide, which acts as a retrograde messenger inducing presynaptic DA release. Released DA is required for memory-associated plasticity. Our work identifies a novel mechanism that restricts DA release to the specific postsynaptic sites that require DA during memory formation.
Atrial-ventricular function in rheumatic mitral regurgitation using strain imaging
Authors: Meel Ruchika , Peters Ferande , Khandheria Bijoy K. , Libhaber Elena , Essop Mohammed 
Published: April 2020

Background
Chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) historically has been shown to primarily affect left ventricular (LV) function. The impact of increased left atrial (LA) volume in MR on morbidity and mortality has been highlighted recently, yet the LA does not feature as prominently in the current guidelines as the LV. Thus, we aimed to study LA and LV function in chronic rheumatic MR using traditional volumetric parameters and strain imaging.
Methods: Seventy-seven patients with isolated moderate or severe chronic rheumatic MR and 40 controls underwent echocardiographic examination. LV and LA function were assessed with conventional echocardiography and 2D strain imaging.
Results: LA stiffness index was greater in chronic rheumatic MR than controls (0.95 ± 1.89 vs 0.16 ± 0.13, P = 0.009). LA dysfunction was noted in the reservoir, conduit, and contractile phases compared with controls (P < 0.05). LA peak reservoir strain (πR), LA peak contractile strain, and LV peak systolic strain were decreased in chronic rheumatic MR compared with controls (P < 0.05). Eighty-six percent of patients had decreased LA πR and 58% had depressed LV peak systolic strain. Decreased πR and normal LV peak systolic strain were noted in 42%. Thirteen percent had normal πR and LV peak systolic strain. One patient had normal πR with decreased LV peak systolic strain.
Conclusions: In chronic rheumatic MR, there is LA dysfunction in the reservoir, conduit, and contractile phases. In this study, LA dysfunction with or without LV dysfunction was the predominant finding, and thus, LA dysfunction may be an earlier marker of decompensation in chronic rheumatic MR.
Impacto de investigaciones sobre grafitización de antracitas durante los años 1960-2018/Impact of research on anthracite graphitization during the years 1960 - 2018
Authors: Cely Bautista Ma. Mercedes , Vanegas Chamorro Marley , Piñeres Jorge 
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo describe la contribución de los investigadores de todo el mundo en el campo de la grafitización de antracitas en el período comprendido entre 1960 – 2018. Se desarrolló un análisis bibliométrico para examinar las publicaciones científicas en este campo utilizando las bases de datos Scopus Elsevier, Journal Citation Reports, Scimago Journal & Country Rank y herramientas informáticas. Se analizaron diferentes aspectos de las publicaciones tales como tipo de publicación, principales áreas de investigación, principales revistas, citaciones,etc. Los artículos publicados provienen principalmente de China, Estados Unidos, Francia, España, Japón y Canadá con un número de publicaciones de 75, 37, 32, 27, 18 y 16 respectivamente. Los resultados ayudarán a los investigadores a comprender la situación actual de la investigación en el campo de la grafitización de antracitas.
A Prospective Study of Apatinib in Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer After Failure of Two or More Lines of Chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Yutao , Hu Xingsheng , Jiang Jun , Yang Lin , Zhou Shengyu , Liu Peng , Li Junling , Wang Yan , Hao Xuezhi , Shi Yuankai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Because of rapid disease progression and lack of optimal treatment strategies beyond the second-line, the prognosis of patients with extensive-stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) still remains depressing. Alternative treatment strategies are required to improve their prognosis. In this prospective clinical study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of single-agent apatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as a treatment option for patients with ES-SCLC after failure of at least two prior chemotherapy regimens.

Materials and Methods
Twenty-two patients with ES-SCLC treated with 500 mg single-agent apatinib as subsequent-line regimen in our institution from November 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled in the study. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs).

Results
Clinical outcomes included partial response in 3 patients (13.6%), stable disease in 18 patients (81.8%), and disease progression in 1 patient (4.5%), with an ORR of 13.6% and DCR of 95.5%. The median PFS and OS were 5.4 and 10.0 months, respectively. Apatinib demonstrated a manageable toxicity profile, with grade I–III secondary hypertension and proteinuria as the most common AEs. No grade IV and V AEs were observed among the patients. Multivariate analysis revealed secondary hypertension as an independent predictor of OS (p = .047); however, the association became insignificant after Q correction (p = .455).

Conclusions
Apatinib was safe and effective in the management of patients with ES-SCLC and can be considered as a treatment option after failure of at least two prior chemotherapy regimens. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier. NCT02995187

Implications for Practice
This study indicated the acceptable toxicity profile and promising efficacy of apatinib in the management of patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer after failure from at least two prior chemotherapy regimens. Secondary hypertension can be a potential prognostic factor for apatinib treatment.
Ser o no ser: periodistas en Colombia
Authors: Laverde Redondo Graciela 
Published: April 2020

Este artículo de refl exión pretende analizar críticamente el riesgo de ejercer periodismo en el marco del confl icto armado colombiano. De ahí, que los grupos al margen de la ley, el Estado y las bandas emergentes vulneran derechos como la libertad de expresión y de prensa. Razón que afecta el disenso sobre el tratamiento a colectivos desfavorecidos, la presión del anunciante sobre contenidos, ideologización y ascendencia política en los medios, cuestiona la independencia, responsabilidad y ética de las casas periodísticas provocando dilemas deontológicos en los profesionales. Diferentes casos violentos contra periodistas denunciantes de injusticias de ambos lados de la ley, lleva a la autocensura por miedo a represalias, provocando falta de rigor o responsabilidad social en la información, obviando premisas del contrato social y el mundo con voces múltiples de McBride.
Los problemas de las reformas al proceso penal. Una necesaria visión desde lo multidisciplinario
Authors: Blanco Su Rafael 
Published: April 2020

Las reformas a los sistemas de justicia y en especial a los mecanismos de persecución y enjuiciamiento criminal requieren para su implementación de diseños y modelos, que integren las variables normativas o de cambio institucional, con lógicas y ópticas multidisciplinarias, que abarquen aspectos ligados a los impactos en la gestión de los actores y operadores del sistema de justicia penal, impactos en los niveles administrativos, impactos en los sistemas de informaciones, análisis de las variables asociadas a los temas de infraestructura, cuantificación financiera del cambio, dimensionamiento de los impactos culturales y análisis de la gestión política de los procesos de reforma. Prescindir de este enfoque arriesga problemas tales como dilación de procesos judiciales por errores en los mecanismos de organización del despacho judicial o dilaciones ligadas a cálculos errados en los números de operadores necesarios para actuar en el nuevo proceso. Los problemas de implementación pueden estar asimismo ligados a problemas en los sistemas de información y traspaso de información, impidiendo que se tenga a tiempo los materiales para litigar y fundar peticiones en las audiencias, entre otros aspectos.
Yapılı dolgulu kolonda sıvı ve gaz fazı kütle transfer katsayıları ve ara yüzey alanı
Authors: GENÇ ÇELİKÇİ Gizem , UYSAL ZIRAMAN Duygu , UYSAL Bekir 
Published: April 2020

Son
yıllarda karbondioksitin (CO2) giderimi ve yapılı dolgulu kolonlarla ilgili çalışmalar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda yapılan bu çalışmada,
kendi imkanlarımızla tasarlanarak imal edilen yeni özgün bir yapılı dolgulu
kolonunun hidrodinamik ve kütle transfer katsayılarının karakterizasyonu yer
almaktadır. İlk olarak basınç düşüşü ölçümleri ile kolonun yükleme ve taşma noktaları
tespit edilmiş ve kolona beslenecek sıvı ve gaz akış hızlarının limitleri
saptanmıştır. Sıvı ve gaz akış hızları için bu aralıklar sırasıyla 0,002-0,0047
[m/s] ve 0,07-0,68 [m/s] olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen gaz ve sıvı akış
hızlarında, sıvı tarafıve gaz tarafı bazlı bireysel fiziksel
hacimsel kütle transfer katsayıları deneysel olarak elde edilmiştir. Daha
sonra iki direnç teorisi ile CO2-su sistemi için gaz tarafı bazlı
toplu fiziksel hacimsel kütle transfer katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca belirlenen gaz ve sıvı
akış hızı aralıklarında, CO2 ve sodyum hidroksit çözeltisi sistemi
ile deneyler yapılarak gaz tarafı bazlı toplu kimyasal hacimsel kütle transfer
katsayıları , Hatta sayıları (Ha) ve artış
faktörleri (E) hesaplanmıştır. Bu kimyasal sistem için elde edilen deneysel
bulgular, hızlı sözde birinci dereceden
reaksiyon rejiminin kabul edilebilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Son olarak farklı
gaz ve sıvı akış hızlarında dolguların etkin ara yüzey alanı değerleri de belirlenmiştir.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Postoperative Pain
Authors: Bakker Caitlin J. , Wise Kelsey L. , Williams Benjamin R. , Swiontkowski Marc F. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The treatment of postoperative pain is an ongoing challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Poorly controlled pain is associated with poorer patient outcomes, and the prescription of opioids may lead to prolonged, nonmedical use. Complementary and alternative medicine is widely adopted by the general public, and its use in chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions has been studied; however, its efficacy in a postoperative context has not yet been established.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic literature review of 10 databases to identify all relevant publications. We extracted variables related to pain measurement and postoperative opioid prescriptions.

Results:
We identified 8 relevant publications from an initial pool of 2,517 items. Of these, 5 were randomized studies and 3 were nonrandomized studies. All 8 studies addressed postoperative pain, with 5 showing significant decreases (p < 0.05) in postoperative pain. Also, 5 studies addressed postoperative opioid use, with 2 showing significant differences (p < 0.05) in opioid consumption. Substantial heterogeneity among the studies precluded meta-analysis. No articles were found to be free of potential bias.

Conclusions:
Currently, there is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines for postoperative pain management or as an alternative to opioid use following orthopaedic surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Optimum Designs for Large Database Research in Musculoskeletal Pain Management
Authors: Bedard Nicholas A. , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Kim Seoyoung C. ,   on behalf of the Large Database Research Discussion Group
Published: April 2020

➢ In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in musculoskeletal pain-management research involving the use of large databases such as administrative health-care claims and clinical registries.➢ These datasets can be powerful tools for researchers. However, research utilizing health data collected without a specific a priori research question in place is particularly sensitive to study design, and there are many pitfalls that researchers can encounter when working with large databases in the arena of musculoskeletal pain management.➢ Here, we present optimal design strategies specific to musculoskeletal pain-management research utilizing large datasets and identify directions for future research in this area.
Individual Gait Features Are Associated with Clinical Improvement After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Young-Shand Kathryn L. , Dunbar Michael J. , Astephen Wilson Janie L. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Over 20% of patients do not report clinically relevant pain relief or functional improvements after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of demographics, pre-TKA knee-joint biomechanics, and postoperative changes in knee biomechanics on meaningful improvements in self-reported pain and function after TKA.

Methods:
Forty-six patients underwent 3-dimensional gait analysis and completed the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire before and 1 year after TKA. Response to treatment in terms of pain relief and functional improvement (“pain and function responders”) was defined as improvements in WOMAC scores that met minimal clinically important difference thresholds in the pain and function domains. Differences between responder and non-responder demographics, severity of the osteoarthritis as seen radiographically, and knee kinematics and kinetics before TKA were explored using the t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Correlations and regression models were used to examine demographics, baseline knee kinematics and kinetics, and post-TKA kinematic and kinetic improvements associated with being a pain responder and a function responder separately. Analyses were conducted using a hypothesis-driving approach.

Results:
Of the 46 patients, 34 were pain responders and 36 were function responders. Preoperatively, both responder groups had a higher radiographic severity (Kellgren-Lawrence) grade (p = 0.03) and pain responders were more symptomatic according to their WOMAC score (p < 0.04). Less preoperative stance-phase flexion-extension angle range (p ≤ 0.03), lower preoperative stance-phase adduction (varus) angle magnitude (p = 0.01), and less postoperative reduction in the adduction angle magnitude (p ≤ 0.009) were independently associated with more self-reported improvement in pain and function.

Conclusions:
Patients with a higher radiographic severity grade, with specific frontal and sagittal knee kinematic patterns during gait before TKA, and who demonstrated less reduction in frontal plane angles during gait after TKA had greater self-reported pain and function score improvements after standard TKA. Gait analysis may aid preoperative identification of kinematic subgroups associated with self-reported improvements after TKA, and provide evidence that may inform triaging, surgical planning, and expectation management strategies.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
TightRope Versus Biocomposite Interference Screw for Fixation in Allograft ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Yari Shahram Shawn , El Naga Ashraf N. , Patel Amar , Qadeer Ali Asaf , Shah Anup 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a commonly performed procedure with many options regarding graft choice and graft fixation. The purpose of this study was to compare suspensory and aperture fixation in terms of femoral osseous integration of the bone block after ACL reconstruction with an Achilles tendon allograft.

Methods:
After institutional review board approval and patient consent were obtained, 37 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with an Achilles tendon allograft. The patients were randomized according to the graft femoral fixation technique, which was with either a suspensory device (Arthrex TightRope) or aperture fixation by a biocomposite interference screw (Arthrex BioComposite Interference Screw or DePuy Mitek MILAGRO Interference Screw). Tibial fixation, performed with a biocomposite screw and knotless anchor, was identical in all patients. All patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan at 6 months to evaluate bone block incorporation of the femoral graft within the femoral tunnel, which was the study’s primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures included a postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, range-of-motion measures, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores. Demographic data were collected.

Results:
Thirty-three patients (89%) completed the study’s 6-month follow-up, at which time the femoral ossification score was significantly greater in the aperture fixation group (p = 0.025). There was no substantial difference between the 2 groups with regard to any other outcome measure.

Conclusions:
Performing Achilles tendon allograft ACL reconstruction with femoral aperture fixation results in greater femoral bone block incorporation at 6 months postoperatively compared with what is seen after suspensory fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.