bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmopathy and other influential factors for liver abnormalities in patients with Graves’ disease
Authors: Pudasaini Kalpana , Yang Shaoqin , Ma Zhongshu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

- Abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) is a common phenomenon in patients having Grave’s disease that tends to affect the treatment choice. Only few data on factors and biochemical indexes that contributes to such abnormalities in Graves patients are documented till date.
Objective

- The objective of this study was to explain the potent factors including ophthalmopathy for hepatic dysfunction evoked by Grave's disease alone.
Method

- A cohort of 263 patients who were newly diagnosed and untreated for Grave’s disease were studied. Clinical characteristics and all the biochemical values were collected and further analysis was done. These patients were further divided into two groups: group A with abnormal LFTs and group B with normal LFTs. Data were analyzed by using tests like the independent samples t- tests, chi-square tests and logistic regression tests.
Result

- Among them, 175(66.53%) were found to have at least one LFT abnormality. The frequencies of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were 54.9% (96/175), 29.7% (52/175), 29.7% (52/175), 38.3% (67/175), 33.1% (58/175) and 34.3% (60/175) respectively of which ALT was the commonest abnormality In the univariate analysis, group A patients had higher FT3 and FT4 than group B while group B had higher white blood cells (WBC) count mainly granulocyte % and ophthalmopathy than group A. Results of multivariate logistic regression identified FT3 and ophthalmopathy as independent factors predicting abnormal LFTs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.062, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.028–1.096 and OR = 0.355, 95% CI = 0.195–0.647 respectively] .
Conclusion

- While FT3 value > 5.70 pmol/L showed consistent association with liver function abnormality in patients with Graves, in contrast, ophthalmopathy showed inverse association with liver function abnormalities.
Village Chicken Flock Characteristics and Performances in Western Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebeyehu Birhan Kassa , Tadesse Yosef , Esatu Wondmeneh , Dessie Tadelle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Methodology:

The study was carried out to generate baseline information on village chicken flock characteristics and production performances in South Achefre, Banija and Fagita Lekoma districts of Western Amhara, Ethiopia Multi-stage sampling procedures were employed to select the study villages and respondents and then nine villages were selected purposively. The 180 participants were chosen by random sampling techniques for qualitative and quantitative research. Data were collected by individual survey using open data kit. The collected data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) of SAS software version 9.1 and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMART) was also used to locate treatment means that were significantly different.
Result

From the flock composition the Hen contributes the highest proportion (39.2%) followed by Chicks (31.2%). Mean sexual maturity of local Hen and Cock was 24.95 ± 0.269 and 23.56 ± 0.36 weeks, respectively. Mean egg production performance of local chickens in the study area was 14.89 ± 0.36 per clutch with a clutch length of 23.98 ± 0.61 and 2.47 ± 0.07 clutch cycle per year.
Conclusion

The production performance of indigenous chicken and their survival performance in the study area are low to medium. Therefore, in order to improve production and survival performance, appropriate interventions in terms of supplementary feeding, selection and disease control are important strategies.
Optimization of Growth Regulators on In vitro Propagation of Moringa stenopetala from Shoot Explants
Authors: Adugna Alelegne Yeshamebel , Feyissa Tileye , Tasew Fikresilasie Samuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Moringa stenopetala is belongs to flowering family Moringaceae and genus Moringa. It is often referred to as the East African Moringa tree because it is native only to southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. The expansion of its cultivation and utilization throughout the world especially in Africa is becoming important. For such expansion, the existing propagation method is limiting, so it needs good propagation system to supply enough planting material with uniform genotype. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to optimize an in vitro shoot multiplication protocol for M. stenopetala by using shoot tip as explants. Results: Shoots were sterilized and cultured on Muraghige and Skoog (MS) medium for in vitro shoot initiation. For multiple shoot induction, the explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of kinetin (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg/l) along with Indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) or α -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.01, 0.1, 0.5mg/l) and maintained at 25 ± 2°C for four weeks. Rooting was achieved by culturing well developed shoots in half strength MS medium containing IBA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/l), NAA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/l) and 0.5 mg/l IBA in combination with NAA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/l). Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference among all treatments applied in both shoot multiplication and rooting experiments. Maximum number of shoots per explant (3.43±1.41) and 7.97±4.18 leaves per explant were obtained on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l kinetin in combination with 0.01mg/l NAA. The highest mean number of roots per shoot (1.63±1.03) and mean root length (0.87±1.22 cm) were obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l IBA alone respectively. After acclimatization, 76% plants survived in greenhouse. Conclusions: In general, using NAA along with kinetin for shoot multiplication was better than kinetin along with IBA and application of NAA alone at concentration of 1.0 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l NAA along with 0.5 mg/l IBA were more effective for root induction.
Packed Cell Transfusion and Feeding Tolerance in Well Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kazemian Mohammad , Fallahi Minoo , Kashani Saeed Hojjat , Tajalli Saleheh , Taleghani Naeeme Taslimi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The correlation between necrotizing enteroculitis (NEC) and packed cell transfusion (PCT) has recently been identified. Based on some research, 25–35% of NEC has been linked to transfusion, we planned this study to determine, the association between PCT and feeding tolerance in well preterm newborns.Method: Our study was a clinical trial study in preterm infants admitted to NICU of Mofid Children's Hospital from April 2017 to May 2018.Seventy well premature babies with a birth weight of <1500 grams and gestational age <32 weeks with enteral feeding, who need PCT were enrolled. The eligible patients divided by simple randomization to two groups, in the intervention group (35 patients) the baby's breastfeeding withholding just during the time of PCT and continue as usual after that, but in control groups (35 patients) feeding of neonates is given as usual regardless of PCT. The feeding tolerance during the first 72 hours after transfusion was compared between the two groups. Sick neonates exclude from the study. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20.Results: The mean gestational age, birth weights, and postnatal age in the intervention group were 30.13 weeks, 1245.71grams, and 17 days respectively and in the control group were 29.97weeks, 1169.43grams and 15.46 days respectively without any statistically significant difference between them. Except for hemoglobin and hematocrit pre-transfusion, other characteristics of patients were similar. In the evaluation of feeding tolerance after transfusion during 24, 48 and 72 hours, 32(91.2%), 33(94.73%), 34(97.1%) of both groups, had feeding tolerance with no significant difference There were no statistically significant differences between neonates with and without the feeding tolerance in the patients of each group.Conclusion: Our research showed that in well preterm neonates with a good general condition, during PCT, withholding of feeding, isn’t necessary and continued breastfeeding seems to be safe.Trial registration: All ethical considerations of the study were approved by the institutional review board and the research ethics committee at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR. SBMU.RETECH.1395.1010) and granted ethical approval and the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial code are IRCT20200419047136N1.Approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical TrialsTrial Id: 47347IRCT Id: IRCT20200419047136N1Registration date: 2020-05-04, 1399/02/15(The link directly for trial registration: https://en.irct.ir/trial/47347)Approved by Research Ethics Committee: IR. SBMU.RETECH.1395.1010
A Sociotechnical Approach to Analyse Pharmaceutical Policy And Services In Primary Health Care
Authors: Bernardo Noemia Liege Maria Cunha , Soares Luciano , Leite Silvana Nair 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Access to medicines and its rational use are persistent global concerns. It have a major impact on the quality and sustainability of the health system and on the health outcomes. In Brazil, access to medicines is a legal right and municipal government have the duty to ensure access and the best use of medicines in primary health care public facilities, stablishing the local Pharmaceutical Policy and Services (PPS) system. This article presents and analyses an innovative experience of diagnosis of municipal PPS as a sociotechnical system, aiming to prepare the interventions in the system.Methods:We adopted a multi-methods approach and various data sources were used. Sociotechnical theory was the framework of the methodology of evaluation and design of systems, analysing the Components of External System (health system, stakeholders, financing) and Components of the Internal System (Goals, Management, Workforce, Infrastructure, Processes, Technology and Culture).Results:The component “aim” was identified as the central element of the system. The other system components interrelate with its scope. Medicines availability was a key part of the PPS architecture. Lack of central coordination, pharmaceutical services without central management and a fragmented organization prevented an integrated internal planning, and with other sectors. The stakeholders and documents referred only technical elements of the system: infrastructure, technical process and technology. The social components of workforce and culture were not mentioned in the Municipal Health Plan. People are essential socio-technical elements, as well the components affecting them, but they are not privileged in the system. The organizational culture established was the culture of isolation: “each one does his own”.Conclusions:The municipal PPS emphasized medicines and technical components and had limited scope as a public policy. It had constrained the characteristics of a complex and open system. Stakeholders understood PPS as a set of technical processes, without planning or integration. PPS has had a great development in Brazil in the last twenty years. A new level of development to ensure the populations right to access of treatment requires a turning point of strategy to understand municipal PPS as a sociotechnical system.
BDNF val66met genotype is not associated with psychological distress: A cross-sectional study in Indonesian young adults
Authors: Ng Henry , Alfian Sofa Dewi , Abdulah Rizky , Barliana Melisa Intan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The number of mental disorders has been increasing but has yet to receive sufficient attention. Healthcare students and professionals tend to have high stress burden. Finding the root cause of psychological distress is important to formulate a method for early detection. The association of BDNF val66met polymorphism to neuropsychiatric disorders has been widely studied. The aim of this study was to interplay between BDNF val66met polymorphism and sociodemographic factors in the pathogenesis of psychological distress among Indonesian students.
Methods

Level of psychological distress and sociodemographic profiling was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and sociodemographic questionnaires, respectively. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-amplified refractory mutation system. Pearson’s chi square and binomial logistic tests were used to evaluate the correlation.
Results

This study recruited 148 participants. The psychological distress levels of the participants were well (27.03%), mild (37.16%), moderate (25.00%), and severe (10.81%). Genotypic distributions were AA (25.67%), GA (50.68%), and GG (23.65%). No statistical significance was found in the study (p > 0.05).
Conclusion

Psychological distress is not affected by genotypic and environmental factors. Further confirmatory research with larger and broader populations is required.
Risk Assessment and Management of Drug Inventory in Hospitals during COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Li-Yao , Lu Ying-Hao , Wang Ya-Ling , Chen Mei-Chen , Shih Deng-Chiung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the suspension of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) production in China, the source of the global largest medication supply chain, resulting in the potential risks of hospital insufficient drug stocks affecting clinical treatment. If all drug inventory of the hospital increased, the short-term drug shortage risk can be reduced, but the inventory costs will be increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a risk assessment mechanism for inventory management of APIs from China, to identify the medical priorities affected by drug shortages, and to plan different countermeasures to achieve the best effect of inventory management.
Methods

In this study, the tables of "Incidence of Drug Shortage" and "Impact Level of Drug Shortage" related to the risk of drug inventory were developed, which were evaluated in four levels respectively, and "Drug Shortage Risk Assessment Matrix" was designed according to the probability of drug shortage and impact according to the model data of Reproductive Number (R0) value and pandemic prediction. Each drug requiring APIs from China was evaluated and ranked according to the hazard index, so as to increase the different inventory and to find alternatives.
Results

We have evaluated the inventory risk level of drugs requiring APIs from China through the risk assessment mechanism, and increased the different backup stock according to the levels. The total increasing purchase amount was NTD 4.85 million, which could reduce the stock cost by about 2/3 compared with NTD 14.61 million of the total inventories for three months.
Conclusions

The study shows that there are significant differences between scientific inventory management and general method during COVID-19 pandemic. It can provide a reliable reference for other hospitals to adjust drug stocks in the face of other emerging infectious diseases or major emergencies by using the innovative mechanism.
Genomic features reveal the clonal evolution in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines MHCC97 with stepwise metastatic potentials
Authors: Luo Qing , Shi Yi , Wang Na , Lu ZhaoNing , Han Ze-Guang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Beckground：The series of human Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma (MHCC) cell lines MHCC97 with a continuously enlarged metastatic capabilities have been widely used as a metastatic model in cancer research. However, their genomic features have not been thoroughly investigated so far. This study aims to reveal the genetic events that could drive metastatic clonal evolution through uncovering their genomic aberrations, together with methylomic and transcriptomic alteration.Results： We investigated the karyotypes on MHCC97L and HCCLM6 HCC cell lines with lower and the highest metastatic capability respectively, and interrogated their complete repertoire of genomic features by performing whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Mutations including single nucleotide variant (SNV), copy number variation (CNV) and structural variant (SV) were called. In addition, the methylome profiles were analyzed via Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Bead Chip and the transcriptome profiles were analyzed via RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The karyotypic examination revealed that MHCC97L cells are more heterogenous than the HCCLM6 cells. The clonal analysis on the two cell lines revealed that a minor subclone with the mutations predisposed to metastatic potential within the MHCC97L become the dominant one within the HCCLM6 cell population. The amplification of CAV1, CAV2 and MET, together with STAT1 deep deletion and DELC1 promoter hypermethylation could be the earlier key drivers occurred in the MHCC97L cells. Subsequently, extra CCL4, CCL26 and TWIST2 amplification, along with the c.1061T>G in SMAD5 and c.1373A>G in RNF169 mutations and deregulatory promoter methylation in the HCCLM6 cells, aggravate the metastatic capability.Conclusions： Our results revealed that HCCLM6 cells might be derived from a minor subclone within the MHCC97L cell population, where the genetic events, including MET, CAV1 and CAV2 amplification, together with the extra mutations, amplification and deregulatory promoter methylation of some genes, drive the clonal expansion and evolution of those cells with the metastatic capability.
Prediction of comorbid anxiety and depression using machine learning models in cancer survivors
Authors: Yan Rui , Wang Jiwei , Yang Xiaoguang , Yu Jinming 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

We aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) in Chinese cancer survivors (CS), and develop novel prediction model using traditional logistic regression and machine-learning algorithms to predict CS’ CAD, which would be helpful to accurately distinguish individuals with high risk of psychological problems.
Methods

A cross-sectional study of 1546 CSs were conducted in Shanghai China. Self-reported structured questionnaire was used to collect information about basic socio-demographic factors, socioeconomic status, life behavior, health conditions, fatigue, social support, anxiety (Zung self-rating anxiety scale) and depression (Zung self - rating depression scale). Stepwise logistic regression and three machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, decision tree, and random forest) were used to construct the prediction model of CS’ CAD.
Results

18.24% CSs reported CAD. The AUC of models to predict the high-risk CAD in the training set was best in that of RF (0.839), followed by LR (0.811), SVM (0.808), and DT (0.794). Social support and several comorbid chronic diseases were important top ranking contributing factors of CAD in all the predictive models.
Conclusion

CAD was a common psychological problems in cancer survivors (CSs).The machine leaning techniques and logistic regression showed similar performance to classify Chinese CSs at risk of CAD using questionnaire-based survey. Effective treatment to control the coexisting disease, more social support should be provided to CSs to improve psychological health. Psychological care was recommend to be incorporated into regular health care and management of cancer survivors.
High luteinizing hormone levels are associated with Thyroid Nodules in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: zheng rendong , Zhang Huifeng , cao lin , ding wenbo , wang yuguo , Liu Chao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective. Thyroid nodules are closely related to type 2 diabetes. However, the relationship between sex hormone levels and thyroid nodules has never been fully examined in males with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to observe the association between sex hormone levels and thyroid nodules in male patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A total of 490 patients were enrolled, A total of 228 patients (46.5%) had thyroid nodules, of which 192 (39.2%) had a solid benign nodule, 30 (6.1%) had a cystic nodule, and 6 (1.2%) had a cancerous nodule, 262 patients (53.5%) were without thyroid nodules．We evaluated thyroid nodules using ultrasound, and blood glucose, blood lipids, serum insulin, sex hormones were measured in all patients. The correlations between the hormone levels and thyroid nodules were analyzed. Results. Compared with the non-thyroid nodules group, fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly elevated in the thyroid nodules group. Pearson correlation analysis found the incidence of thyroid nodules was positively correlated with FINS, HOMA-IR and LH. High LH levels was associated with thyroid nodules after controlling for FINS and HOMA-IR. Conclusion. These data suggest that high LH level plays an important role in the development of thyroid nodules. FINS, HOMA-IR and LH are independent risk factors for thyroid nodules in male patients with type 2 diabetes.
Metabolomic analysis of biosynthesis mechanism of ε-polylysine produced by Streptomyces diastatochromogenes
Authors: Wang Ziyuan , Guo Fengzhu , Dong Tianyu , Tan Zhilei , Abdelraof Mohamed , Cui Jiandong , Jia Shiru 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
ε-polylysine (ε-PL) is a polypeptide that shows broad-spectrum inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and it’s mainly produced by Streptomyces sp. However, the biosynthesis mechanism of ε-PL by Streptomyces sp. is still unclear. Herein, the metabolomic analysis of the biosynthesis mechanism of ε-PL in the original strain TUST and the high-yield mutant strain 6#-7 were investigated. Results show that the difference on metabolisms between TUST and 6#-7 was significant during fermentation periods. And based on further analyses of the results of both metabolomics and enzymatic activity, a possible metabolic regulation mechanism of the high-yield mutagenized strain 6#-7 was proposed. The transport and absorption capacity for glucose of strain 6#-7 is improved. And the activity of enzymes relating to ε-PL synthesis, including Hexokinase (HK) et al., is strengthened. On the contrary, the activity of enzymes in the branched-chain pathways, such as Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) et al. is decreased. Meanwhile, the increase of trehalose, glutamic acid and proline makes the strain 6#-7 more resistant to ε-PL. Moreover, the strain 6#-7 has stronger ability to transfer ε-PL out the cell. Thus the ability of the mutagenized strain to synthesize ε-PL is enhanced and the strain 6#-7 can produce more ε-PL compared with the original strain. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further improving the production of ε-PL.