bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and external-validation of a nomogram for predicting the survival of hospitalised HIV/AIDS patients based on a large study cohort in western China
Authors: Yuan Z. , Zhou B. , Meng S. , Jiang J. , Huang S. , Lu X. , Wu N. , Xie Z. , Deng J. , Chen X. , Liu J. , Zhang J. , Wu F. , Liang H. , Ye L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate a simple-to-use nomogram for predicting the survival of hospitalised human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients (hospitalised person living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs)). Hospitalised PLWHAs (n = 3724) between January 2012 and December 2014 were enrolled in the training cohort. HIV-infected inpatients (n = 1987) admitted in 2015 were included as the external-validation cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was used to perform data dimension reduction and select the optimal predictors. The nomogram incorporated 11 independent predictors, including occupation, antiretroviral therapy, pneumonia, tuberculosis, Talaromyces marneffei, hypertension, septicemia, anaemia, respiratory failure, hypoproteinemia and electrolyte disturbances. The Likelihood χ2 statistic of the model was 516.30 (P = 0.000). Integrated Brier Score was 0.076 and Brier scores of the nomogram at the 10-day and 20-day time points were 0.046 and 0.071, respectively. The area under the curves for receiver operating characteristic were 0.819 and 0.828, and precision-recall curves were 0.242 and 0.378 at two time points. Calibration plots and decision curve analysis in the two sets showed good performance and a high net benefit of nomogram. In conclusion, the nomogram developed in the current study has relatively high calibration and is clinically useful. It provides a convenient and useful tool for timely clinical decision-making and the risk management of hospitalised PLWHAs.
Operational risk dependencies
Authors: Kelliher P. O. J. , Acharyya M. , Couper A. , Maguire E. , Nicholas P. , Pang N. , Smerald C. , Stevenson D. , Sullivan J. , Teggin P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper explores dependencies between operational risks and between operational risks and other risks such as market, credit and insurance risk. The paper starts by setting the regulatory context and then goes into practical aspects of operational risk dependencies. Next, methods of modelling operational risk dependencies are considered with a simulation study exploring the sensitivity of diversification benefits arising from dependency models. The following two sections consider how correlation assumptions may be set, highlighting some generic dependencies between operational risks and with non-operational risks to assist in the assessment of dependencies and correlation assumptions. Supplementary appendices provide further detail on generic dependencies as well as a case study of how business models can lead to operational risks interacting with other risks. Finally, the paper finishes with a literature review of operational risk dependency papers including correlation studies and benchmark reports.
IF WE SHOULD NOT EAT MEAT ON GROUNDS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, SHOULD WE HAVE CHILDREN?
Authors: Brockless Adrian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is not to make any arguments that oppose veganism or having children or, in any way, to denigrate those who make them. Rather, the intention is twofold: (1) To attack the inconsistency of those who make arguments for veganism in relation to climate change and the natural world, but who omit to make arguments against having children and the problem of rapidly increasing global population on the same grounds. (2) To attack a form of sanctimony which manifests itself in inconsistent applications of such arguments and which exploits genuine and very serious problems in ways that aim to bring power to their advocates by inducing a sense of shame in their victims. In this way, such moralists try to strengthen the legitimacy of their own preferences – preferences that often run into conflict with other concerns based on the same arguments.
Efficient table-top dual-wavelength beamline for ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy in the soft X-ray region
Authors: Barreau Lou , Ross Andrew D. , Garg Samay , Kraus Peter M. , Neumark Daniel M. , Leone Stephen R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a table-top beamline providing a soft X-ray supercontinuum extending up to 370 eV from high-order harmonic generation with sub-13 fs 1300 nm driving pulses and simultaneous production of sub-5 fs pulses centered at 800 nm. Optimization of high harmonic generation in a long and dense gas medium yields a photon flux of ~ 1.4 × 106 photons/s/1% bandwidth at 300 eV. The temporal resolution of X-ray transient absorption experiments with this beamline is measured to be 11 fs for 800 nm excitation. This dual-wavelength approach, combined with high flux and high spectral and temporal resolution soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, is a new route to the study of ultrafast electronic dynamics in carbon-containing molecules and materials at the carbon K-edge.
Fe(III) Mixed IP6@Au NPs with Enhanced SERS Activity for Detection of 4-ATP
Authors: Zhang Lei , Weng Yi-jin , Liu Xiao , Gu Wen , Zhang Xia , Han Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSurface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has been widely applied in many research fields such as biological detection and chemical analysis. However, for the common Au nanoparticles, it’s too hard to guarante the three aspects: the great enhanced effect, the controllable aggregation and the uniformity of nanoparticles, the environmental friendliness and biocompatibility of nanoparticles. In this paper, phytate acid (IP6)-coated Au nanoparticles (IP6@Au NPs) are more stable and have a higher enhancement factor than Au nanoparticles. In order to achieve the uniformity of the spherical IP6-coated@Au nanoparticles (IP6@Au NPs), IP6 was used as a soft template. In the presence of IP6, IP6@Ag nanoparticles were first synthesized by reducing AgNO3 with trisodium citrate, then IP6@Au NPs were obtained by reducing HAuCl4 with Ag nanoparticles. The IP6@Au NPs exhibit excellent Raman signal enhancement by using p-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) as the probe molecules. The effects of Fe3+ on the performance of IP6@Au NPs SERS substrates were also studied. The results show that SERS has the best enhancement effect when adding proper amount of Fe3+ (0.56 PPM), and the limit of detection was 10−7 M 4-ATP.
Linagliptin affects IRS1/Akt signaling and prevents high glucose-induced apoptosis in podocytes
Authors: Mima Akira , Yasuzawa Toshinori , Nakamura Tomomi , Ueshima Shigeru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiabetes-induced podocyte apoptosis is considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We proposed that hyperglycaemia can induce podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the action of podocyte survival factors, thus inactivating the cellular effects of insulin signalling. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of linagliptin on high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis. Linagliptin reduced the increase in DNA fragmentation as well as the increase in TUNEL-positive cells in podocytes induced by high-glucose condition. Furthermore, linagliptin improved insulin-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and Akt, which was inhibited in high-glucose conditions. Adenoviral vector-mediated IRS1 overexpression in podocytes partially normalised DNA fragmentation in high-glucose conditions, while downregulation of IRS1 expression using small interfering RNA increased DNA fragmentation even in low-glucose conditions. Because reactive oxygen species inhibit glomerular insulin signalling in diabetes and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is one of the most important intrinsic antioxidative systems, we evaluated whether linagliptin increased Nrf2 in podocytes. High-glucose condition and linagliptin addition increased Nrf2 levels compared to low-glucose conditions. In summary, linagliptin offers protection against DKD by enhancing IRS1/Akt insulin signalling in podocytes and partially via the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Our findings suggest that linagliptin may induce protective effects in patients with DKD, and increasing IRS1 levels could be a potential therapeutic target in DKD.
Clinical outcomes of basal insulin and oral antidiabetic agents as an add-on to dual therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cheng Chih-Ning , Wang Chih-Yuan , Lin Hung-Wei , Chang Ting-Yu , Lin Hsu-Ju , Chou Chiahung , Lin Fang-Ju 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile basal insulin remains the most effective antidiabetic agent and substantially reduces the risk of hypoglycemia, few studies have examined the comparative effect of basal insulin in the real-world setting. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of adding basal insulin compared with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) as a third antidiabetic agent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A retrospective cohort study involving T2DM was conducted with health administrative data in Taiwan. Patients starting a third antidiabetic agent after receiving a metformin-containing dual combination were identified. The study endpoints included composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), all-cause mortality, and hypoglycemia. Propensity score matching and Cox modeling were used for analysis. After matching, the basal insulin and TZD groups contained 6,101 and 11,823 patients, respectively, and the basal insulin and DPP-4i groups contained 6,051 and 11,900 patients, respectively. TZDs and DPP-4is were both associated with similar risks of MACEs and hypoglycemia but a lower risk of all-cause mortality than basal insulin (TZDs: HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.81; DPP-4is: HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39–0.82). Further studies are needed to elucidate the findings of increased all-cause mortality risk in patients receiving basal insulin, especially those with advanced diabetes.
Air evolution during drop impact on liquid pool
Authors: Lee Ji San , Weon Byung Mook , Park Su Ji , Kim Ji Tae , Pyo Jaeyeon , Fezzaa Kamel , Je Jung Ho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe elucidate the evolution of the entrained air in drop impact on a wide range of liquids, using ultrafast X-ray phase-contrast imaging. We elaborate the retraction mechanism of the entrapped air film in terms of liquid viscosity. We found the criterion for deciding if the entrapped air evolves into single or double bubbles, as determined by competition among inertia, capillarity, and viscosity. Low viscosity and low surface tension induce a small daughter droplet encapsulated by a larger air shell bubble, forming an antibubble. We demonstrate a phase diagram for air evolution regarding hydrodynamics.
Transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange vs. facemask oxygenation in elderly patients undergoing general anaesthesia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hua Zhen , Liu Zhen , Li Yang , Zhang Hongye , Yang Ming , Zuo Mingzhang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilator exchange (THRIVE) may be effective in delaying hypoxia, but the efficacy of THRIVE for oxygenation in elderly patients under general anaesthesia has not been assessed. This study assessed whether THRIVE prolonged the apnoea time in the elderly patients after induction. This was a single centre, two-group, randomized controlled trial. 60 patients (65 to 80 years of age) with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades I ~ III who required tracheal intubation or the application of a laryngeal mask under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive oxygenation using THRIVE (100% oxygen, 30~70 litres min−1) or a facemask (100% oxygen, 10 litres min−1) during the pre-oxygenation period and during apnoea. The apnoea time, which was defined as the time from the cessation of spontaneous breathing until the SpO2 decreased to 90% or the apnoea time reached 10 minutes was recorded as the primary outcome. No significant differences were found on the baseline characteristics between the groups. The apnoea time was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the THRIVE group. The median (interquartile range) apnoea times were 600 (600–600) s in the THRIVE group and 600 (231.5–600) s in the facemask group. No significant differences were found in the PaO2, PaCO2 and vital parameters between the THRIVE and facemask groups. No increased occurrence of complications, including haemodynamic instability, resistant arrhythmia or nasal discomfort, were reported in both the THRIVE group and the facemask group. THRIVE prolongs the apnoea time in elderly patients. THRIVE may be a more effective method for pre-oxygenation than a facemask in the elderly without pulmonary dysfunction.
Rice phenolamindes reduce the survival of female adults of the white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Wang Wanwan , Yu Zhuoxian , Meng Jinpeng , Zhou Pengyong , Luo Ting , Zhang Jin , Wu Jun , Lou Yonggen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn response to infestation by herbivores, rice plants rapidly biosynthesize defense compounds by activating a series of defense-related pathways. However, which defensive compounds in rice are effective against herbivores remains largely unknown. We found that the infestation of white-backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera gravid females significantly increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and H2O2, and reduced the level of ethylene in rice; levels of 11 of the tested 12 phenolamides (PAs) were subsequently enhanced. In contrast, WBPH nymph infestation had no effect on levels of JA, JA-Ile, ethylene and H2O2 in rice, and enhanced levels of only 2 of 12 PAs. Moreover, infestation by brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens gravid females also affected the production of these PAs differently. Bioassays revealed that 4 PAs – N-feruloylputrescine, N-feruloyltyramine, feruloylagmatine and N1,N10-diferuloylspermidine – were toxic to newly emerged WBPH female adults. Our results suggest that WBPH- or BPH-induced biosynthesis of PAs in rice seems to be shaped primarily by the specific profile of defense-related signals elicited by the herbivore and that PAs play a role in conferring the resistance to WBPH on rice.
Effects of low skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity on albuminuria: a 7-year longitudinal study
Authors: Yoo Jee Hee , Kim Gyuri , Park Sung Woon , Choi Min Sun , Ahn Jiyeon , Jin Sang-Man , Hur Kyu Yeon , Lee Moon-Kyu , Kang Mira , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe aimed to identify the association between low skeletal muscle, sarcopenic obesity, and the incidence of albuminuria in the general population using a longitudinal study. Data from 29,942 subjects who underwent two or more routine health examinations from 2006 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Relative skeletal muscle mass was presented using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), a measure of body weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The cumulative incidence of albuminuria was 981 (3.3%) during the 7-year follow-up period. The hazard ratio of incident albuminuria was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.22–1.71, p for trend <0.001) in the lowest SMI tertile relative to the highest SMI tertile after multivariable adjustment. After additionally adjusting for general and central obesity, the hazard ratio was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.13–1.61, p for trend = 0.001) and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08–1.56, p for trend = 0.003), respectively. Furthermore, the risk of developing albuminuria was much higher in the sarcopenic obesity group (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.21–1.81, p for trend <0.001) compared to the other groups. Sarcopenic obesity, as well as low skeletal muscle, may lead to albuminuria in general populations.
A corpus analysis of the structural elaboration of Spanish
heritage language learners
Authors: Collentine Karina , Collentine Joseph 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Research on heritage language learner (HLL)
grammar provides insights into bilingual developmental trajectories
(Bolger & Zapata,
2011). More research is needed on the effects of
cognitive processes on HLL grammar under real-time communicative
pressures (Jegerski,
2017). The present corpus-based study analyzes the role of
cognitive factors on HLLs’ (N = 65) production of
structural elaboration (i.e., syntactic modifiers and embedding),
which is cognitively challenging to monolinguals (Ferreira, 1991). The
analysis of the participants’ production in an instant-messaging
task indicates that, even though advanced HLLs may be fairly
homogeneous in their general grammatical and lexical abilities, they
vary significantly in the production of structural elaboration in
syntactic frames (e.g., verb phrases with clitics, relative clauses)
that interact strongly with working memory and attentional
resources.
Realizations of /b/ in the Spanish of Lima, Peru
Authors: Yarrington Kara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In canonical Spanish, the letters <b> and
<v> represent the same phoneme: /b/. The phoneme has two main
allophones, essentially in complementary distribution: [b] and [β]
(Harris, 1969).
Previous research has found allophonic deviations, such as [v], [Ø],
and [w], in both monolinguals (Sadowsky, 2010) and bilinguals (Phillips, 1982; Stevens, 2000). Previous research has not
extensively explored the production of /b/ in Peruvian Spanish.
Fifty-one participants were recorded at a university in Lima, Peru
reading isolated words and paragraphs. Half of the 60 target words
were spelled with <v> and the other half with <b>. This
study supports previous literature, demonstrating that Peruvian
Spanish produces two complementary allophones of <b>.
‘Debemos aprender y manejar un poco mejor el español’
Authors: Jiménez Lizama Pamela 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This is a preliminary research about the
linguistic attitudes of Afro-Peruvian participants living in El
Carmen, a district located in Chincha (Peru), at the South-Central
coast of Peru. Data were collected from in-depth interviews
conducted to Afro-Peruvian participants born in El Carmen.
Linguistic attitudes are addressed from a Mentalist approach (González, 2009; Zamora, 2015). Results
reveal that Afro-Peruvian participants experience linguistic
uncertainty about their own way of speaking as they consider it
incorrect compared to the Lima inhabitants’ way of speaking, which
they perceive as more prestigious. On the other hand, they tend to
assess negatively the way of speaking of the Peruvian Highlands
inhabitants, as they consider these regions are plenty of indigenous
languages from the Andes.
Language choice and use by bilingual preschoolers
Authors: Barrera Tobón Carolina , Park-Johnson Sung , Brito Jazmin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In a Spanish-immersion preschool with a dual
population of heritage speakers (HS) and second-language learners
(L2) of Spanish, we explore the language choices students make when
their school language differs from the dominant language (English)
and factors that contribute to their language choice. Observational
data suggest students exhibit a type of interlocutor-dependent
diglossia, typically reserving English for peer interactions and
Spanish for interactions with teachers. Data from a language
elicitation task revealed that a students’ language background (L2
vs HS) is not a significant predictor of their Spanish production;
Spanish exposure proved to be the most significant factor. Case
studies confirmed these findings and further revealed the multiple
factors that make up Spanish exposure and predict students’ language
use.
Structural modal identification and health monitoring of building structures using self-sensing cementitious composites
Authors: Ding Siqi , Wang You-Wu , Ni Yi-Qing , Han Baoguo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recently self-sensing cementitious composite has demonstrated its strong potentiality for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructures because of its low-cost, long-term stability and compatibility with concrete structures. In this paper, we propose novel hybrid nanocarbon materials engineered cement-based sensors (HNCSs) with high-sensitivity, which are fabricated with self-sensing cementitious composites containing electrostatic self-assembled CNT/NCB composite fillers. The mechanical property and sensing performance of the HNCSs are pre-characterized under static and dynamic compressive loadings. The HNCSs are then integrated into a five-story building model via custom-made clamps to verify the feasibility for dynamic response measurements. Results show that the developed sensors have satisfactory mechanical property and excellent pressure-sensitive reproducibility and stability. With clamps holding on the building model, the HNCSs perform satisfactorily under sinusoidal excitations in the frequency range from 2 to 40 Hz. In addition, the modal frequencies and their changes of the building model caused by ‘damage’ simulated through adding additional masses identified by the HNCSs are favorably consistent with the counterparts acquired by accelerometers and strain gauges, indicating that the developed HNCSs have great potential for structural modal identification and damage detection applications.
Hydroxamic acid-functionalized graphene thin films as nanocatalysts towards organophosphate degradation
Authors: Hostert Leandro , Zarbin Aldo J G , Orth Elisa S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Herein we describe the covalent functionalization of graphene oxide with hydroxamic acid groups (GOHD) anchored directly on the carboxylate groups. The functionalization was confirmed by several characterization techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The anchored groups have many potential applications, but we focused on its catalytic activity towards organophosphate (OPs) degradation, a serious environmental and health worldwide issue. The material was applied as nanocatalysts towards the degradation of the organophosphate of diethyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl phosphate and the real-life pesticide dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (Paraoxon). High catalytic increments were obtained up to 108 fold (Paraoxon). Thus, reactions that would take over millions of years are reduced to a couple of days. Overall, the nanocatalyst shows potential as efficient detoxifying agents to eliminate chemical warfare stocks and pesticides by employing a practical material that can be deposited on any substrate and even over large areas.