bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated factors of visual impairment among adults at Debre Berhan town, North Shewa, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Natnael Lakachew , Admas Addisu Wondifraw , Adimasu Nebiyat Feleke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Visual impairment refers to presenting distance visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the worst eye. It remains a global challenge that greatly affects the mobility, social participation and the quality of life of the people. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of visual impairment among adults aged ≥ 18 years.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Berhan town. Systematic random sampling method was employed to select the study participants from adult’s aged ≥18 years. Data was collected by interview with a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire. Both anterior and posterior segment ocular examinations were done by Optometrists and Ophthalmologist. After all ocular examinations adult’s aged ≥18 years with presenting Visual acuity of < 6/18 in the worst eye were considered as visually impaired. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors and p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results
A total of 416 participants were enrolled in the study with a 98.6% response rate. The prevalence of visual impairment among adults aged ≥ 18 years was 16.8% (95% CI, 13.5–20.2%). Among the overall prevalence of visually impaired adults 27 (6.49%) had bilateral VI and 43 (10.34%) had monocular VI. Aged > 64 years (AOR = 12.18, 95%CI: 4.47–33.20), illiterates AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.36–6.72), previous eye trauma (AOR = 4.44, 95% CI: 1.64–12.04), family size > 5 (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.43–13.75) and family history of eye problem (AOR = 7.02, 95% CI: 1.95–25.22) had statistically significant association with visual impairment.

Conclusions
Prevalence of visual impairment among adults was found to be a significant public health problem. Older age, illiterates, previous eye trauma, large family size and family history eye problem were positively associated with visual impairment.
Validity of the self-reported five-part questionnaire as an assessment of generalized joint hypermobility in early pregnancy
Authors: Schlager Angela , Ahlqvist Kerstin , Pingel Ronnie , Nilsson-Wikmar Lena , Olsson Christina B. , Kristiansson Per 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe assessment of generalized joint hypermobility is difficult due to differences in classification methods and in the performance of joint mobility assessment. The primary aim was to evaluate the validity of the self-reported five-part questionnaire, 5PQ, for identifying generalized joint hypermobility using the Beighton score as reference test. The secondary aim was to describe how joint angles measured in degrees included in the Beighton score varied in different cut-off levels in the self-reported 5PQ and the Beighton score.MethodsA cross-sectional validity study with a total of 301 women in early pregnancy, mean age of 31 years, were included in the study. The participants answered the self-reported 5PQ before the joint angles were measured. To standardize the joint mobility measurement, a structural protocol was used. The sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve, area under curve, positive- and negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and Spearman’s rank correlation between the self-reported 5PQ ≥ 2 and the Beighton score ≥ 5 were used as main outcome measures in the validity analyses. Joint angles, measured in degrees, were calculated with means in relation to different cut-off levels.ResultsThere was moderate correlation between the self-reported 5PQ and the Beighton score. The highest combined sensitivity, 84.1%, as well as specificity, 61.9%, was on 5PQ cut-off level ≥ 2, with a 38% false-positive rate, a moderate area under curve, a low positive predictive value and likelihood ratio, and a high negative predictive value. The odds of a self-reported 5PQ, cut-off level ≥ 2, among women with generalized joint hypermobility, Beighton ≥5, was low indicating a low post-test probability. The mean for all joint angles measured in degrees increased with increased cut-off levels, both in the Beighton score and in the self-reported 5PQ. However, there was a significant variation for each cut-off level.ConclusionsThere is uncertainty in identifying generalized joint hypermobility in young women using the self-reported 5PQ with a cut-off level of ≥2 when the Beighton score ≥ 5 is used as the reference test. The strength of the self-reported 5PQ is to rule-out women without generalized joint hypermobility.
How to predict early clinical outcomes and evaluate the quality of primary total knee arthroplasty: a new scoring system based on lower-extremity angles of alignment
Authors: Chen Ziming , Deng Zhantao , Li Qingtian , Chen Junfeng , Ma Yuanchen , Zheng Qiujian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA method that can accurately predict the outcome of surgery can give patients timely feedback. In addition, to some extent, an objective evaluation method can help the surgeon quickly summarize the patient’s surgical experience and lessen dependence on the long wait for follow-up results. However, there was still no precise tool to predict clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to develop a scoring system to predict clinical results of TKA and then grade the quality of TKA.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 98 primary TKAs performed between April 2013 and March 2017 to determine predictors of clinical outcomes among lower-extremity angles of alignment. Applying multivariable linear-regression analysis, we built Models (i) and (ii) to predict detailed clinical outcomes which were evaluated using the Knee Society Score (KSS). Multivariable logistic-regression analysis was used to establish Model (iii) to predict probability of getting a good clinical outcome (PGGCO) which was evaluated by Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) score. Finally, we designed a new scoring system consisting of 3 prediction models and presented a method of grading TKA quality. Thirty primary TKAs between April and December 2017 were enrolled for external validation.ResultsWe set up a scoring system consisting of 3 models. The interpretations of Model (i) and (ii) were good (R2 = 0.756 and 0.764, respectively). Model (iii) displayed good discrimination, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.936, and good calibration according to the calibration curve. Quality of surgery was stratified as follows: “A” = PGGCO ≥0.8, “B” = PGGCO ≤0.6 but < 0.8, and “C” = PGGCO < 0.6. The scoring system performed well in external validation.ConclusionsThis study first developed a validated, evidence-based scoring system based on lower-extremity angles of alignment to predict early clinical outcomes and to objectively evaluate the quality of TKA.
Comparison of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy vs standard robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yu-Li , Zheng Gao-Feng , Jiang Ze-Peng , Zhen-Li  , Zhou Xie-Lai , Zhou Jin , Ye Chun-Hua , Wang Kang-Er 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To compare the postoperative continence and clinical outcomes of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RS-RALP) with non-RS RALP for patients with prostate cancer.

Methods
We searched PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register from 1999 to 2019 for studies comparing RS-RALP to non-RS RALP for the treatment of prostate cancer. We used RevMan 5.2 to pool the data.

Results
A total of eight studies involving 1620 patients were included in our meta-analysis. No significant difference was found in positive surgical margins (PSM), bilateral nerve-sparing, postoperative hernia, complications, blood loss, or operative time. Postoperative continence was better with RS-RALP compared with non-RS RALP (OR = 1.02, OR: 2.86, 95% CI 1.94–4.20, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
RS-RALP had a better recovery of postoperative continence than non-RS RALP. The perioperative outcomes were comparable for the two methods.
The allelopathic, adhesive, hydrophobic and toxic latex of Euphorbia species is the cause of fairy circles investigated at several locations in Namibia
Authors: Meyer J. J. Marion , Schutte Christiaan E. , Hurter Jan W. , Galt Nicole S. , Degashu Petunia , Breetzke Greg , Baranenko Denis , Meyer Nicole L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
In this multidisciplinary study we present soil chemical, phytochemical and GIS spatial patterning evidence that fairy circles studied in three separate locations of Namibia may be caused by Euphorbia species.

Results
We show that matrix sand coated with E. damarana latex resulted in faster water-infiltration rates. GC-MS analyses revealed that soil from fairy circles and from under decomposing E. damarana plants are very similar in phytochemistry. E. damarana and E. gummifera extracts have a detrimental effect on bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Stipagrostis uniplumis and inhibit grass seed germination. Several compounds previously identified with antimicrobial and phytotoxic activity were also identified in E. gummifera. GIS analyses showed that perimeter sizes and spatial characteristics (Voronoi tessellations, distance to nearest neighbour ratio, pair correlation function and L-function) of fairy circles are similar to those of fairy circles co-occurring with E. damarana (northern Namibia), and with E. gummifera (southern Namibia). Historical aerial imagery showed that in a population of 406 E. gummifera plants, 134 were replaced by fairy circles over a 50-year period. And finally, by integrating rainfall, altitude and landcover in a GIS-based site suitability model, we predict where fairy circles should occur. The model largely agreed with the distribution of three Euphorbia species and resulted in the discovery of new locations of fairy circles, in the far southeast of Namibia and part of the Kalahari Desert of South Africa.

Conclusions
It is proposed that the allelopathic, adhesive, hydrophobic and toxic latex of E. damarana, E. gummifera, and possibly other species like E. gregaria, is the cause of the fairy circles of Namibia in the areas investigated and possibly in all other areas as well.
Relationship between hemoglobin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in children and adolescents with idiopathic short stature
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Zhang Mei , Ji Baolan , Chu Yuntian , Pan Hui , Yan Wenhua , Ban Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis is critical for the regulation of children’s growth and development. Serum IGF-1 concentrations are usually low in individuals with idiopathic short stature (ISS) despite normal endogenous GH levels, and the associated underlying factors are unknown. This study aimed to explore the relationship between IGF-1 and hemoglobin (Hb) in children with ISS.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was performed including 178 children and adolescents with ISS who were enrolled from March 2013 to February 2019. The related clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated for each patient. Univariate analysis, smooth curve fitting and multivariate piecewise linear regression were performed.ResultThe mean levels of IGF-1 standard deviation scores (SDS) and Hb were − 0.99 (− 1.60 - -0.09) and 131.81 ± 9.36 g/L, respectively. Univariate analysis displayed a significant positive association between Hb and IGF-1 SDS (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the positive relationship between Hb and IGF-1 SDS remained (P = 0.001). Furthermore, there was an inflection point for Hb in the curve. In a multivariate piecewise linear regression model, IGF-1 SDS was significantly positively associated with Hb when Hb concentrations were lower than 145 g/L (B 0.05; 95% CI 0.02, 0.07;P < 0.001). However, IGF-1 SDS decreased with increasing Hb levels when Hb concentrations were greater than 145 g/L (B -0.15; 95% CI -0.23, − 0.06;P = 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that Hb is associated with IGF-1 in Chinese children and adolescents with ISS. The levels of IGF-1 increased with the elevation of Hb, but when the concentration of Hb exceeded a certain range, with the increase of Hb, IGF-1 decreased instead.
Impact of gastroesophageal reflux on longitudinal lung function and quantitative computed tomography in the COPDGene cohort
Authors: Baldomero Arianne K. , Wendt Chris H. , Petersen Ashley , Gaeckle Nathaniel T. , Han MeiLan K. , Kunisaki Ken M. ,   for the COPDGene Investigators
Published: August 2020

AbstractRationaleGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been associated with increased risk of acute exacerbations, hospitalization, emergency room visits, costs, and quality-of-life impairment. However, it remains unclear whether GERD contributes to the progression of COPD as measured by lung function or computed tomography.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of GERD on longitudinal changes in lung function and radiographic lung disease in the COPDGene cohort.MethodsWe evaluated 5728 participants in the COPDGene cohort who completed Phase I (baseline) and Phase II (5-year follow-up) visits. GERD status was based on participant-reported physician diagnoses. We evaluated associations between GERD and annualized changes in lung function [forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)] and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) metrics of airway disease and emphysema using multivariable regression models. These associations were further evaluated in the setting of GERD treatment with proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) and/or histamine-receptor 2 blockers (H2blockers).ResultsGERD was reported by 2101 (36.7%) participants at either Phase I and/or Phase II. GERD was not associated with significant differences in slopes of FEV1(difference of − 2.53 mL/year; 95% confidence interval (CI), − 5.43 to 0.37) or FVC (difference of − 3.05 mL/year; 95% CI, − 7.29 to 1.19), but the odds of rapid FEV1decline of ≥40 mL/year was higher in those with GERD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.20; 95%CI, 1.07 to 1.35). Participants with GERD had increased progression of QCT-measured air trapping (0.159%/year; 95% CI, 0.054 to 0.264), but not other QCT metrics such as airway wall area/thickness or emphysema. Among those with GERD, use of PPI and/or H2blockers was associated with faster decline in FEV1(difference of − 6.61 mL/year; 95% CI, − 11.9 to − 1.36) and FVC (difference of − 9.26 mL/year; 95% CI, − 17.2 to − 1.28).ConclusionsGERD was associated with faster COPD disease progression as measured by rapid FEV1decline and QCT-measured air trapping, but not by slopes of lung function. The magnitude of the differences was clinically small, but given the high prevalence of GERD, further investigation is warranted to understand the potential disease-modifying role of GERD in COPD pathogenesis and progression.Clinical trials registrationNCT00608764.
Establishment and characterization of breast cancer organoids from a patient with mammary Paget’s disease
Authors: Pan Bo , Zhao Dongyi , Liu Yaqian , Li Na , Song Chen , Li Ning , Li Xuelu , Li Man , Zhao Zuowei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Mammary Paget’s disease (MPD) is an uncommon cutaneous intraepithelial malignancy with ulceration of the nipple or areola. Its pathogenesis and genomic mutation remain largely unknown and no cell lines are established from primary tumors.

Methods
We collected surgical tumor specimens from a 65-year-old Chinese woman diagnosed with MPD and established patient-derived breast cancer (BC) organoids from MPD using organoid culture technology.

Results
We successfully propagated BC organoids from a patient with MPD for more than 6 months. The organoids were cultured for long-term expansion without any change in spherical organoid morphology. Besides, the spherical organoid morphology did not change when they underwent cryopreservation after resuscitation. The H&E staining and immunohistochemistry analyses showed the similar morphological and histological features of the organoids compared with their paired original BC tissues. The organoids retained positive expression of breast cancer biomarkers: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, antigen Ki-67 and negative expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. We also showed that MPD organoids recapitulated the unique genomic landscape including copy number alterations, mutational load, mutational signatures and cancer gene mutations by whole genome sequencing. In situ senescence-associated acid beta galactosidase assay confirmed senescence phenomenon existed in the process of organoids culture and there was no significant difference in the proportion of senescent organoids after organoid passage and resuscitation.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that an effective platform for ex vivo BC organoids from MPD patients could be used to explore clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of these patients.
Stocking pattern for anti-malarial medications among proprietary patent medicine vendors in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Kodaolu Mary Y. , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi F. , Ajayi IkeOluwapo O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Policymakers have recognized that proprietary patent medicine vendors (PPMVs) can provide an opportunity for effective scaling up of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) since they constitute a major source of malaria treatment in Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the stocking pattern for anti-malarial medications, knowledge of the recommended anti-malarial medicine among PPMVs in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA) of Oyo State, Nigeria and their perception on ways to improve PPMV adherence to stocking ACT medicines.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 PPMVs using a mixed method of data collection. Survey respondents were consecutively selected as a complete listing of all the PPMVs was not available. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and two focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted among PPMVs using a pretested FGD guide.

Results
Most PPMVs stocked artemether-lumefantrine (90.9%), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (5.3%) and artesunate-amodiaquine (2.8%). Drugs contrary to the policy, which included sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, chloroquine, quinine, halofantrine, artesunate, and artemether were stocked by 93.8, 22.8, 0.6, 1.3, 6.6, and 7.8% of the PPMVs, respectively. Most PPMVs (96.3%) had good knowledge of artemether-lumefantrine as the first-line treatment for malaria and 2.8% had good knowledge of artesunate-amodiaquine as the alternate treatment for malaria. The major factors influencing stocking decision were government recommendations (41.3%) and consumer demand (40.30%).

Conclusion
Stocking of artemisinin-based combinations was high among PPMVs, although they also stocked and dispensed other anti-malarial drugs and this has serious implications for drug resistance development. The PPMVs had considerable knowledge of the recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria and stocking decisions were overwhelmingly driven by consumer demand. However, there is a need for more enlightenment on discontinuation of government-banned anti-malarial drugs.
Quality of life in people with transsexuality after surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eftekhar Ardebili Mehrdad , Janani Leila , Khazaei Zaher , Moradi Yousef , Baradaran Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Several reports have demonstrated varying results on the quality of life (QoL) of the transgender population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis about the quality of life (QoL) of individuals during the post transsexual surgery period.

Methods
We searched major biomedical electronic databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, Psychological Information Database (PsycInfo), Web of Science, PubMed, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), and ProQuest, for all relevant literature published in English up to December 2019. The included papers required to be cross sectional studies that reported quality of life in people with transsexuality post surgery. After selecting eligible studies, 2 authors extracted data of each study independently and resolved any inconsistency by consensus with the third reviewer. The risk of bias was assessed by 2 independent research experts by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results
In this study, out of 497 articles extracted from the initial investigation, 8 articles with 1099 patients were ultimately selected for meta-analysis. The pooled mean of quality of life in transsexual individuals was obtained to be 70.45 (95%CI 55.87–85.03) and 59.17 (95%CI 48.59–69.74), based on World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-BREF) and The 36-item short form of the Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire (SF36), respectively. Also, the results of the subgroup analysis for the weighted mean quality of life in male to female and female to male showed that the mean quality of life in female to male was 57.54 (95%CI 42.24–72.84) and it was 62.47 (95%CI 45.94–79.00) in male to female, based on SF36 questionnaire. Moreover, the weighted mean quality of life in female to male was 69.99 (95%CI 43.76, 96.23) and it was 70.65 (95%CI 53.11, 88.19) in male to female, based on WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire.

Conclusion
The results of this systematic review may support the approaches to transsexuality that facilitates sex reassignment. In this review, the means of quality of life after surgery were not compared to the means of quality of life before surgery or even before hormonal therapy which was due to inadequate number of primary studies.
Measuring quality of life in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a systematic review of the content and structural validity of commonly used instruments
Authors: Powell Philip A. , Carlton Jill , Woods Helen Buckley , Mazzone Paolo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited X-linked neuromuscular disorder. A number of questionnaires are available to assess quality of life in DMD, but there are concerns about their validity. This systematic review aimed to appraise critically the content and structural validity of quality of life instruments for DMD. Five databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library) were searched, with supplementary searches in Google Scholar. We included articles with evidence on the content and/or structural validity of quality of life instruments in DMD, and/or instrument development. Evidence was evaluated against the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria. Fifty five articles featured a questionnaire assessing quality of life in DMD. Forty instruments were extracted and 26 underwent assessment. Forty-one articles contained evidence on content or structural validity (including 37 development papers). Most instruments demonstrated low quality evidence and unsatisfactory or inconsistent validity in DMD, with the majority not featuring direct validation studies in this population. Only KIDSCREEN received an adequate rating for instrument design and a satisfactory result for content validity based on its development, yet, like the majority of PROMs, the measure has not been directly validated for use in DMD. Further research is needed on the validity of quality of life instruments in DMD, including content and structural validity studies in this population.