bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Ideas to Action
Authors: Sarra Janis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies, economies, and the planet. Yet despite clear signals, we are slow to act in a meaningful way, despite the fact that we have the legal, political, and technological tools to transition our economies to net zero carbon. While some businesses are reluctant to take significant steps to reduce their carbon footprint, many companies are well-intentioned but feel somewhat paralysed in the face of overwhelming data that portend a financially and environmentally devastating future. Yet we can still reverse the trajectory of climate change, but it requires bold and informed action to reduce our carbon footprint in a manner that embeds fairness in the transition. This book offers a guide for companies, pension funds, asset managers, and other institutional investors to commence the legal, governance, and financial strategies needed for effective climate mitigation and adaptation, and to help distribute the economic benefits of these actions to their stakeholders. It takes the reader from ideas to action, from first steps to a more meaningful contribution to the move towards a ‘climate positive’ circular economy. It can also serve as a helpful guide to everyone implicated in a corporation’s activities—employees, pensioners, consumers, banks and other lenders, policy-makers, and community members. It offers insights into what we should be expecting, and asking, of these individuals who have taken responsibility for effectively managing our savings, our retirement funds, our investments, and our tax dollars.
Effective Engagement and Current Litigation on Climate Governance
Authors: Sarra Janis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines various forms of engagement with companies to press them to decarbonize. It discusses direct engagement with corporate boards, shareholder proposals, and proxy voting. It examines divestment as an option to advance climate goals. It also discusses why it is important to engage with policy-makers as they design and implement policies to transition domestic economies, and looks at some creative ways in which climate democracy is being enhanced. The chapter then turns to the extensive, emerging litigation against companies and their directors for their failure to manage climate risks. There are lawsuits both in the United States and globally against companies and institutional investors. The chapter also canvasses recent judgments denying licenses and other economic activities harmful to climate mitigation and adaptation.
Climate Governance for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Sarra Janis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 9 explores why management of climate-related risks can be particularly challenging for micro, small, and medium enterprises (‘MSME’) to address. MSME comprise about 99 per cent of all businesses globally and they often lack the infrastructure and resources to manage deep shifts in their business activities. This chapter explores how one could build financing and infrastructure to support the MSME sector to advance in their transition to net zero. It discusses how the European Union has taken the lead globally on microfinance for vulnerable groups that want to set up or develop their businesses and microenterprises. It is building the institutional capacity of microcredit providers and supporting development of social enterprises by facilitating access to finance. It also examines climate governance for MSME, offering examples of toolkits being developed for micro and small businesses. The chapter concludes with a discussion of contributions that women entrepreneurs and micro-business owners are making in the transition to net zero.
Between Social Democracy and Council Dictatorship
Authors: Muldoon James 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the underlying democratic and socialist impulses in the German council movements of the early twentieth century. It analyses the emergence of council movements in Russia (from the strikes in February 1917 to the crushing of the Kronstadt uprising in 1921) followed by their spread to Germany (from the heightened revolutionary activity of 1917 to the establishment of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919). It examines the council movements through primary documents such as minutes of council meetings, congress reports, newspaper articles, and socialist journals. The typical Cold War framework for interpreting the council movements has been to view them as a transitional phenomenon leading to either liberal democratic institutions or a single-party dictatorship. Moving away from this binary framework, I show that while a diversity of political views were held by participants in the council movements, there was broad support for the deepening and extension of democratic conditions in major political, economic, and social institutions, including the army, civil service, and workplaces.
The Rise of Secured Credit
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the way in which the shifts in the fields of finance and non-financial corporates discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 have led to changes in US secured transactions law. It examines the way in which these changes have, in turn, shifted bargaining power towards secured creditors when a debtor attempts to reorganize its debt and equity finance. However, the argument is made that this gives rise to different issues from the traditional concern for secured creditor liquidation bias when it is set in the wider organizational and institutional environment which the book has begun to examine. Turning to England, the chapter explores how the English courts have generally supported the allocation of control rights in distress to senior financial creditors. It reveals why this has, once again, made English corporate reorganization law particularly well adapted to the demands of the past decade.
Caribbean Eyes
Authors: Ghosh William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Travel writing in English has historically been seen as a genre in which British travellers visit and write about colonized places. This chapter, by contrast, reads a number of works in which Caribbean travellers describe their experiences in Africa. It examines Lamming’s Pleasures of Exile, V.S. Naipaul’s writings on Zaire and the Ivory Coast, Shiva Naipaul’s North of South, and Maryse Condé’s La Vie sans fards in detail. In these works, the writers revisit and revise the British tradition. Travel writing was a genre through which Caribbean writers thought through and articulated the position of the Caribbean within the new postcolonial world.
Introduction
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Victorian Visions of Suburban Utopia: Abandoning Babylon offers a prehistory of the suburban dream—or, in other words, a history of the nineteenth-century desires that fueled the suburban revolution of the twentieth century. It also offers a history of Victorian criticisms of urban life and an account of nineteenth-century discourse on urban reform. Here in the introduction, the main argument of this “dream before the dream” is outlined, key terms such as “suburbia” and “utopia” are defined, and the relationships between this book and the existing body of scholarship are explained. The literary venues and socio-political nature of Victorian utopian dreaming are also briefly outlined, helping readers to appreciate the gravity of this realm of discourse, and prepare them to analyze how and why utopian science fiction of the nineteenth century achieved sufficient power to shape the world in which we live today.
“God Made the Country, Man Made the Town”
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Victorian utopian visionaries were deeply indebted to biblical, classical, and Renaissance concepts of ideal life and prophecies for the future. This chapter analyzes the key ideas about urbanism imbedded within venerable and influential texts, such as those by Plato, Thomas More, and Francis Bacon, all while making regular references to Victorian understandings and representations of them. This chapter also accounts for the rise of several habits of mind that proved influential to Victorian utopian visionaries: the development of the theory of scientific and technological progress, and the belief that the rapidly growing city of London was a chaotic Babel and a foul Babylon worthy of scorn. These notions were brought together in the most influential utopian vision of the 1700s, Louis-Sébastien Mercier’s L’An 2440, which offered a prophecy of urban redemption while drawing a vociferous expression of contempt for cities from the mouth of a hypothetical progressive Englishman.
Urban Non-Fiction and Suburban Science Fiction
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intimately detailed, non-fiction accounts of the horrors of British cities proliferated in the mid-1800s, casting critical light on the slums. New sanitation laws were passed and philanthropic interventions were staged, but they barely made a dent in the problem. Then, in 1871, the utopian science-fiction novel exploded onto the scene, offering radical imaginary solutions to the seemingly intractable problems of industrial urban life. Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s The Coming Race offered readers a vision of tidy garden villages built by a highly advanced branch of humanity who have rejected cities. A Dutch author imagined a radiantly futuristic, enormous, dense, bustling London and was rejected by English-speaking critics, while other British writers developed the more popular theme of dispersal in different ways, always with imaginary mechanized transport at the ready to facilitate life amid the cottages, villas, and towers of the glassy, metallic garden future. Increasingly, they also turned to catastrophic urban destruction as the solution to London.
The Republic of the Future
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The United States produced a number of early utopian visions of suburban dispersal, demonstrating that Americans had inherited some of the anti-urban tendencies of their British forebears. An early feminist science-fiction novel by Mary Griffith insisted that cities could be great, but she was decidedly in the minority. After consuming British science fiction in the 1870s, American authors dominated utopian literature in the 1880s, many providing it with new urgency by engaging head-on with the rise of the industrial corporation. These writers were a heterogeneous bunch—ranging from math teachers to Spiritualist bohemians—but while they were often politically opposed to one another, they were consistent in their concept of utopia: life in large, complex cities such as New York or Boston was maddening, and a new world of glass, metal, synthetic stone, whirring machines, and, most importantly, endless greenery, needed to rise in place of the terrible city.
Gardening in the Apocalypse
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The “White City” of the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago struck many Americans as a hopeful glimmer of the happy cities to come, but soon, visions of even happier utopian suburbs reclaimed dominance, asserting the need for “A Cityless and Countryless World.” When Bellamy produced his sequel to Looking Backward, it promised a future of commuting by motorcar and personal aircraft to and from cottages in garden suburbs. In different ways, influential reformers and architects such as Ebenezer Howard and Frank Lloyd Wright fed their readings of utopian literature into influential designs for destroying old cities and achieving suburban bliss. The last great nineteenth-century utopian visionary was also the greatest science-fiction author of the early twentieth century: H. G. Wells. He, perhaps more than any other writer, carried forward the Victorian call to abandon Babylon to new heights and fresh audiences, prophesying dreadful apocalypse, and luminously modern gardens to follow.
Vouchsafed by the Holy Ghost
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 argues that the now-canonical reading of Kate Chopin’s small masterpiece, The Awakening, which takes Edna Pontellier’s sexual wanderlust as symptomatic of a racist, primitivistic projection (per Toni Morrison’s general formulation), utterly neglects the founding plot and concerted characterizations. In The Awakening, Edna, a married Kentucky Presbyterian, is set adrift among Creole Catholics who embody a sexual sacramentality that attracts her but that she can’t, herself, achieve, beyond eventual submission to adultery with a local lothario. When the story begins, Edna is chafing in her marriage to a self-involved financier and, despite her Calvinist upbringing and persisting individualist sensibility, becomes increasingly involved, Theron-style, with a Creole trio: Madame Ratignolle, the mother-woman who is sensual in aspect and touch; Robert Lebrun, a serial acolyte of older women who refuses to deliver on his sexual promise despite beguiling her on the refulgent isle of La Chenière Caminada; and Mademoiselle Reisz, a spinster artiste, whose way with Frédéric Chopin’s nocturnes is her way with Edna, soul and (implicitly) body. Thus The Awakening is American’s first major portrayal of the Protestant-adrift-among-Catholics, and it is only as such that it becomes our proto-feminist exploration of a wife’s quest for sexual and aesthetic autonomy. Whereas Frederic’s Theron Ware is one of talkiest books ever, The Awakening delineates temptations to Catholicism that are more show then tell, capturing the fault lines of full social incorporation in Edna’s fatal sea-swim, which can be understood both as a capitulation, in resurgent Protestant self-immolation, and as a visionary sacrifice.
Densher’s Crucifixion—or A Beautiful, Beneficent Dishonesty?
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 takes up the perspective of Kate Croy over against that of lover Merton Densher, to recognize how James’ The Wings of the Dove moves the reader beyond the short-sighted Anglo-Puritan ethics of Densher to contemplate the “beauty” of Marian-Catholic beneficence, mercy, and non-zero-sum romantic vision—especially when it comes to the otherwise dark entwinements of love and death. From mid-century English critics Yvor Winters and F.R. Leavis to the latest U.S. aestheticians, Wings has long been understood to be a sordid tale of greed and betrayal redeemed precisely yet only by the rise of conscience in Densher—who, not coincidently, takes over the indirect discourse of the second half of the novel, to the point of declaring his personal Christian ascension. And yet it is not a coincidence that this part of Wings is set in Adriatic-Catholic Venice: a city of waterways and alleyways in which to go straight is to get there by gorgeous indirection—which, this chapter argues, is the objective correlative of how James’ notorious late style (postponements, fractures, multivalences) and huge melodramatic, Veronese-inspired canvas serves the alternative Marian knowingness, not only of Kate Croy, the visionary mistress among the Marian figures, but also of the dying yet still sexual Milly Theale, her surreptitious acolyte; and not only that of the two women in the romantic triangle but also of the three wondrous queer characters in support—besmitten yet selfless Susan Stringham, visionary doctor Sir Luke Strett, and Eugenio the major-domo of Venetian Living.
Our Lady of Art
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines Willa Cather’s neglected story, “Coming, Aphrodite” in light of her fascination with the bodily presentation that Camille Paglia would later call “sexual personae”—for which Cather develops her own Marian interpretive sensibility, half Roman Catholic and half Pagan, as a deliberate counterforce to the Puritan heritage deflating U.S. artistic and expressive culture. In her twenties, Cather was a prodigious journalist fascinated by the radiant figurae of statuary, painting, drama, poetry, and fiction both home and abroad—which she interrogated in explicitly religious terms, with a particular affinity for both Marian-Catholic dissent from the Puritan denial of the senses and its alternative of graced intercession. Cather learns to invite readers to the redemptive power of forbidden love: sex for its own sake, adultery whether intermittent or sustained or only imagined, same-sex beatings of the heart and meetings of the mind. Then, in “Coming, Aphrodite!,” in a way more literal that her readers could possibly have expected, Cather stages the male gaze of an avant-garde, sexually disciplined and romantically impervious, young painter in Washington Square, Don Hedger, who finds himself in thrall—through a closet peephole!—to the artful exhibitionism in body and song of an equally ambitious, alternatively brilliant ingénue, Eden Bower. Their pas de deux produces a profound, profoundly mutual, yet never-to-be domesticated, sexual intimacy, non-reproductive but dually procreative—all of it conducted under signs of Roman Latinate and Indo-Latino Catholicism, including a story within the story entitled “The Forty Lovers of the Princess.”
International Standards for Bank Capital Exposures to CCPs and Derivatives
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The elemental regime on bank capital for derivatives encompassed the credit valuation adjustment (CVA), the leverage ratio, and bank exposures to CCPs. Like for other parts of Basel III, the US and the UK were pace-setters internationally, promoting relatively precise, stringent, and consistent rules. The EU agreed on the need for higher capital requirements, but worried about negative implications for the provision of credit to the real economy. Networks of regulators were instrumental in furthering agreement amongst and within jurisdictions. They also fostered rules consistency through formal and informal coordination tools amongst international standard-setting bodies. The financial industry mobilized in order to reduce the precision and stringency of capital requirements, pointing out the need to consider capital reforms in conjunction with other post-crisis standards, notably, margins.
Levels of Being
Authors: Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter articulates an egalitarian ontology of levels of composition and realization that provides a foundation for the rest of the book. I reject the widespread assumption that levels form an ontological hierarchy such that some levels are more fundamental than others. On the contrary, neither wholes nor their proper parts are more fundamental; neither higher-level properties nor lower-level properties are more fundamental. Instead, higher levels are just invariant aspects of lower levels. Whole objects are invariants over additions, subtractions, and rearrangements of some parts; higher-level properties are invariant aspects of their lower-level realizers. This egalitarian ontology solves the causal exclusion problem and does justice to the special sciences—including cognitive neuroscience.
Mechanistic Models of Cognition
Authors: Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Psychological and neuroscientific explanations strongly constrain one another, so much so that psychology has become an integral part of cognitive neuroscience. The functional analyses of classical cognitive psychology can be integrated with neuroscientific explanations to form multilevel mechanistic explanations of cognition. At each level of mechanistic organization, a mechanism explains phenomena by showing that they are produced by suitably organized components. This requires abstraction from irrelevant causes and lower level details, which abstraction is an essential aspect of mechanistic explanation. Therefore, psychological and neuroscientific explanations are not autonomous from one another.
The Trinity
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Christian doctrine of the Trinity poses a serious philosophical problem. On the one hand, it seems to imply that there is exactly one divine being; on the other hand, it seems to imply that there are three. There is another well-known philosophical problem that presents us with a similar sort of tension: the problem of material constitution. After an examination of two classificatory schemes (the Latin tradition which traces its historical roots through the western church. and the Greek tradition which traces its roots through the eastern church) this chapter argues that a relatively neglected solution to the problem of material constitution can be developed into a novel solution to the problem of the Trinity.
Delivering Customer Centric Experiences
Authors: Treadgold Alan , Reynolds Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For established retailers, a key challenge in creating an enterprise relevant to the needs and expectations of contemporary shoppers is not just to reinvent the store but also to create networks of digital engagement within which to locate those stores that remain. For new to retail enterprises, the challenge is different, and many internet-only enterprises are now discovering the value of physical points of engagement also. A multitude of hybrid models combining physical and digital engagement opportunities for the shopper have emerged already and many more seem likely to follow. (In mid-2015, Alibaba made its first entry into bricks and mortar retailing when it paid US$4.6 billion for a 19.99% stake in the Suning electronics stores retailer.) This far greater complexity changes the capabilities that a retail enterprise needs in order to deliver effectively and profitably on its omni-channel ambitions. This is the theme of Chapter 7.
Art and Adler
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the wake of his religious crisis, May feels more freedom to experiment. He begins by drawing and painting scenes around Salonika and on trips to Mount Athos and its monks, poppies In the field, and Roma in the Greek countryside, incorporating a love of art and producing art that would stay with him the rest of his life. In the summer of 1932, his life is further transformed by attending the summer seminars of Alfred Adler and almost instantly becoming a convert to psychoanalysis. He has a short analysis with one of Adler’s assistants aimed at freeing him from self-consciousness, and soon he feels free enough to have his first complete sexual experience.
“The Choice of a Mate”
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
He returns to Union in the fall of 1936, ready to ascend to greatness. He becomes a regular on the YMCA lecture circuit, works with Harry Bone, and begins a long intellectual apprenticeship with Paul Tillich. At the same time, he leads a somewhat tortured love life as he sought passion but also a mate who would make the perfect wife for a minister.
Saranac
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
After seemingly successful treatment, May comes down with a very serious rebound case of tuberculosis and is sent to the Trudeau Sanitorium in Saranac, New York. There he faces death, reads Kierkegaard, theorizes about the need for the will of the patient to be cured, and develops a very interesting relationship with Cyril Richardson, a professor at Union who was in the last stages of recovery from TB. It is also a stressful time in May’s marriage.