bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global bounds on the Type-III Seesaw
Authors: Biggio Carla , Fernandez-Martinez Enrique , Filaci Manuele , Hernandez-Garcia Josu , Lopez-Pavon Jacobo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe derive general bounds on the Type-III Seesaw parameters from a global fit to flavor and electroweak precision data. We explore and compare three Type-III Seesaw realizations: a general scenario, where an arbitrary number of heavy triplets is integrated out without any further assumption, and the more constrained cases in which only 3 or 2 (minimal scenario) additional heavy states are included. The latter assumption implies rather non-trivial correlations in the Yukawa flavor structure of the model so as to reproduce the neutrino masses and mixings as measured in neutrino oscillations experiments and thus qualitative differences can be found with the more general scenario. In particular, we find that, while the bounds on most elements of the dimension 6 operator coefficients are of order 10−4 for the general and 3-triplet cases, the 2-triplet scenario is more strongly constrained with bounds between 10−5 and 10−7 for the different flavours. We also discuss how these correlations affect the present CMS constraints on the Type-III Seesaw in the minimal 2-triplet scenario.
Prior therapies as prognostic factors of overall survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. A WARMTH multicenter study (the 617 trial)
Authors: Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Rahbar Kambiz , Baum Richard P. , Seifert Robert , Kessel Katharina , Bögemann Martin , Kulkarni Harshad R , Zhang Jingjing , Gerke Carolin , Fimmers Rolf , Kratochwil Clemens , Rathke Hendrik , Ilhan Harun , Maffey-Steffan Johanna , Sathekge Mike , Kabasakal Levent , Garcia-Perez Francisco Osvaldo , Kairemo Kalevi , Maharaj Masha , Paez Diana , Virgolini Irene 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The impact of prior therapies, especially chemotherapy, on overall survival (OS) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) receiving [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy has been the subject of controversy. Therefore, WARMTH decided to plan a multicenter retrospective analysis (the “617 trial”) to evaluate response rate and OS as well as the impact of prior therapies on OS in more than 300 patients treated with 177Lu-PSMA-617.

Materials and methods
The data of 631 metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) patients from 11 different clinics were evaluated. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all patients had to have received at least abiraterone or enzalutamide prior to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. The patients were divided into three groups: patients who had received prior chemotherapy, patients who avoided chemotherapy, and patients for whom a chemotherapy was contraindicated.

Results
The analysis included the data of 416 patients, with a median age of 71.9 years. At the time of analysis, 87 patients (20,9%) were still alive. A total of 53.6% of patients had received both abiraterone and enzalutamide; 75.5% and 26.4% had a history of chemotherapy with docetaxel and cabazitaxel, respectively. A total of 20.4% had had Ra-223. The median OS was 11.1 months. Prior chemotherapy, the existence of bone and liver metastases, as well as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status, were significant prognosticators of worse overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients without any prior chemotherapy showed a significantly longer OS (14.6 months). The median OS in patients who received one or two lines of chemotherapy with docetaxel or docetaxel followed by cabazitaxel, respectively, was 10.9 months and 8.9 months. There was no difference in OS between patients who had not received chemotherapy and patients for whom chemotherapy was contraindicated. The other prior therapies did not have any significant impact on OS.

Conclusion
In the present multicenter analysis, chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC patients receiving [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy had a significantly longer OS than patients with a history of chemotherapy. This remained independent in the multivariate analysis besides presence of bone and liver metastases as negative prognosticators for survival, whereas an ECOG of 0–1 is associated with a longer OS.
Evolution of mutualistic behaviour between Chlorella sorokiniana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae within a synthetic environment
Authors: Oosthuizen J R , Naidoo R K , Rossouw D , Bauer F F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Yeast and microalgae are microorganisms with widely diverging physiological and biotechnological properties. Accordingly, their fields of applications diverge: yeasts are primarily applied in processes related to fermentation, while microalgae are used for the production of high-value metabolites and green technologies such as carbon capture. Heterotrophic–autotrophic systems and synthetic ecology approaches have been proposed as tools to achieve stable combinations of such evolutionarily unrelated species. We describe an entirely novel synthetic ecology-based approach to evolve co-operative behaviour between winery wastewater isolates of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. The data show that biomass production and mutualistic growth improved when co-evolved yeast and microalgae strains were paired together. Combinations of co-evolved strains displayed a range of phenotypes, including differences in amino acid profiles. Taken together, the results demonstrate that biotic selection pressures can lead to improved mutualistic growth phenotypes over relatively short time periods.
Impact Damage Characteristics of Carbon Fibre Metal Laminates: Experiments and Simulation
Authors: Shi Y. , Pinna C. , Soutis C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, the impact response of carbon fibre metal laminates (FMLs) was experimentally and numerically studied with an improved design of the fibre composite lay-up for optimal mechanical properties and damage resistance. Two different stacking sequences (Carall 3–3/2–0.5 and Carall 5–3/2–0.5) were designed and characterised. Damage at relatively low energy impact energies (≤30 J) was investigated using Ultrasonic C-scanning and X–ray Computed Tomography (X-RCT). A 3D finite element model was developed to simulate the impact induced damage in both metal and composite layers using Abaqus/Explicit. Cohesive zone elements were introduced to capture delamination occurring between carbon fibre/epoxy plies and debonding at the interfaces between aluminium and the composite layers. Carall 5–3/2–0.5 was found to absorb more energy elastically, which indicates better resistance to damage. A good agreement is obtained between the numerically predicted results and experimental measurements in terms of force and absorbed energy during impact where the damage modes such as delamination was well simulated when compared to non-destructive techniques (NDT).
Cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation as first line treatment for typical atrial flutter (CRAFT): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ding Wern Yew , Williams Emmanuel , Das Moloy , Tovmassian Lilith , Tayebjee Muzahir , Haywood Guy , Martin Claire , Rajappan Kim , Bates Matthew , Temple Ian Peter , Reichlin Tobias , Chen Zhong , Balasubramaniam Richard , Ronayne Christina , Clarkson Nichola , Mahida Saagar , Sticherling Christian , Gupta Dhiraj 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment of typical atrial flutter (AFL) with cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation is associated with a high occurrence rate of new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during follow-up. There are data to support the addition of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) to CTI ablation in patients with both AF and AFL, but the role of cryoballoon PVI only, with no CTI ablation, in AFL patients with no prior documentation of AF has not been studied.

Methods
CRAFT is an international, prospective, randomised, open with blinded assessment, multicentre superiority study comparing radiofrequency CTI ablation and cryoballoon PVI in patients with typical AFL. Participants with typical AFL are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either treatment arm, with patients randomised to PVI not receiving CTI ablation. Post-procedural cardiac monitoring is performed using an implantable loop recorder. The primary endpoint is time to first recurrence of sustained symptomatic atrial arrhythmia. Key secondary endpoints include (1) total arrhythmia burden at 12 months, (2) time to first episode of AF lasting ≥ 2 min, (3) time to recurrence of AFL or AT and (4) procedural and fluoroscopy times. The primary safety endpoint is the composite of death, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, cardiac tamponade requiring drainage, atrio-oesophageal fistula, requirement for a permanent pacemaker, serious vascular complications requiring intervention or delaying discharge and persistent phrenic nerve palsy lasting > 24 h.

Conclusion
This study compares the outcomes of 2 different approaches to typical AFL—the conventional ‘substrate’-based strategy of radiofrequency CTI ablation versus a novel ‘trigger’-based strategy of cryoballoon PVI.

Trial registration
(ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03401099)
Meeting the Multifaceted Needs of Expectant and Parenting Young Families Through the Pregnancy Assistance Fund
Authors: Margolis Amy , Rice Tara , Banikya-Leaseburg Mousumi , Person Ann E. , Clary Elizabeth , Zief Susan , Adamek Katie , Harding Jessica F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The Pregnancy Assistance Fund (PAF) program funds states and tribes to provide a wide range of services to improve health, social, educational, and economic outcomes for expectant and parenting teens and young adults, their children, and their families. This introductory article to the Maternal and Child Health Journal supplement Supporting Expectant and Parenting Teens: The Pregnancy Assistance Fund provides a description of the PAF program, including the program goals and structure, participants and communities served, and services provided; presents data on the reach and success of the program; and describes lessons learned from PAF grantees on how to enhance programs and services to have the best outcomes for expectant and parenting young families.

Methods
Performance measure data are used to describe the reach and success of the PAF program, and implementation experiences and lessons learned from PAF grantees were gathered through a standardized review of grantee applications and from interviews with grant administrators.

Results
Since its establishment in 2010, the PAF program has served 109,661 expectant and parenting teens, young adults, and their families across 32 states, including the District of Columbia, and seven tribal organizations; established more than 3400 partnerships; and trained more than 7500 professionals. Expectant and parenting teens and young adults who participated in the PAF program stay in high school, make plans to attend college, and have low rates of repeat pregnancy within a year.

Conclusions
Expectant and parenting teens and young adults in the PAF program demonstrated success in meeting their educational goals and preventing repeat unintended pregnancies. In addition, the staff who implemented the PAF programs learned many lessons for how to enhance programs and services to have the best outcomes for expectant and parenting young families, including creating partnerships to meet the multifaceted needs of teen parents and using evidence-based programs to promote program sustainability.
Partner*innen-Benachrichtigung als Präventionsmaßnahme bei STI in Deutschland
Authors: Enders Kristina , Schu Martina , Cannizzaro Gianna 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Weltweit ist Partner*innen-Benachrichtigung (PB) ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Prävention sexuell übertragbarer Infektionen (STI). Allerdings gibt es erhebliche Unterschiede in der Umsetzung. In der Strategie der Bundesregierung zur Eindämmung von STI wird PB besondere Bedeutung zugemessen. Um nun die Situation in Deutschland genauer einschätzen zu können, hat das BMG eine Situationsanalyse zu PB in Auftrag gegeben. Im Fokus steht dabei PB in anonymen Teststellen.

Methoden
Es kam ein dreistufiges Verfahren zur Anwendung: Sekundäranalyse zu Evidenzen und Leitlinien, qualitative Interviews mit Fachkräften aus insgesamt 16 anonymen Teststellen sowie Fragebogenerhebungen und leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Klient*innen.

Ergebnisse
In Deutschland existieren sowohl STI-übergreifend als auch -spezifisch medizinische Leitlinien, die PB empfehlen, dies jedoch nur sehr knapp. Bei anonymen Teststellen sind Verfahren zu PB, die über Informationen zu Reinfektionsrisiken hinausgehen, wenig verbreitet. Auch konnten nahezu keine einrichtungsspezifischen Regelungen identifiziert werden. So konzentriert sich die Beratung auf die Aufklärung zu (Re‑)Infektionsrisiken unter Einbezug des diagnostischen Fensters. Beratung über verschiedene Möglichkeiten von PB sowie Motivation und Unterstützung findet dabei selten statt. Fachkräfte und Klient*innen votieren für eine Stärkung der Beratung zu PB, wünschen sich ein strukturiertes Vorgehen und Regeln dazu.

Schlussfolgerung
Mit Blick auf Beratung zu PB zeigen sich große Unterschiede in der Umsetzung, divergierende Haltungen und nahezu keine einrichtungsbezogenen Regeln oder Tools. Spezifische Kompetenzen für PB existieren kaum, Fortbildung zu hilfreichen Verfahren gibt es wenig, wird aber gewünscht. Die Studie zeigt konkrete Verbesserungsbedarfe auf.
Cost-Effectiveness of Operative Versus Non-Operative Treatment for Clavicle Fracture: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kask Gilber , Raittio Lauri , Mattila Ville M. , Launonen Antti P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Operative and non-operative treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures seems to yield comparative functional results. Furthermore, it has been suggested that surgery is more expensive compared with non-operative treatment of clavicle fracture. Cost-effectiveness seems to be more important in trends of treatment decisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cost-effectiveness of clavicle fracture treatment.

Recent Findings
Seven publications were selected, and 5 studies showed that operative treatment is more expensive than non-operative treatment. The mean overall cost per person in discounted prices was 10,230 USD for operative and 7923 USD for non-operative treatment. The mean absence from work ranged 8–193 and 24–69 days for operative and non-operative treatment, respectively. Studies varied in methods of assessing the cost-effectiveness of treatment modalities.

Summary
Based on this literature review, routine operative treatment seems to be more expensive. In some cases, operative treatment might be more cost-effective. In all studies, direct and indirect costs of health care were calculated, but a great heterogeneity exists in the sources of cost data between countries. The cost-effectiveness of the treatment of clavicle fracture depends strongly on the cost of operative treatment and length of absence from work. Cost-effectiveness analysis could be a routine in RCT studies in the future.
Neurologic, clinical, and immunologic features in a cohort of HTLV-1 carriers with high proviral loads
Authors: Ferraz Sheila N. , Costa Gabriela F. , Carneiro Neto José Abraão , Hebert Thiago , de Oliveira Cassius J. V. , Guerra Mariele , Oliveira Lívia M. A. , Carvalho Edgar M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA high proviral load (PVL) is recognized as a risk factor for human T cell leukemia virus-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), but there is a lack of prospective studies evaluating whether or not HTLV-1 carriers with high PVL are at risk of developing HAM/TSP or other HTLV-1-related diseases. Here, we compare the incidence of clinical manifestations and the cytokine levels in 30 HTLV-1 carriers with high (> 50,000 copies/106 PBMC) and an equal number of subjects with low proviral load. Participants were followed for 3 to 16 years (median of 11 years). The PVL, IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-10 levels were quantified at entry and at the end of the follow-up. Among the self-reported symptoms in the initial evaluation, only the presence of paresthesia on the hands was more frequent in the group with high PVL (p < 0.04). The production of IFN-γ was higher in the group with high PVL group (median of 1308 versus 686 pg/ml, p < 0.011) when compared with the control group in the first assessment. There was no difference in the occurrence of urinary symptoms or erectile dysfunction, periodontal disease, Sicca syndrome, and neurologic signs between the two groups during the follow-up. The observation that none of the HTLV-1 carriers with high PVL and with exaggerated inflammatory response progressed to HAM/TSP indicates that other factors in addition to the PVL and an exaggerated immune response are involved in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.
On the Impact of Texture and Grain Size on the Pseudoelastic Properties of Polycrystalline Fe–Ni–Co–Al–Ti Alloy
Authors: Sobrero C. E. , Lauhoff C. , Wegener T. , Niendorf T. , Krooß P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effects of thermomechanical treatments on crystallographic texture and grain size evolution and their impact on the pseudoelastic properties in Fe41–Ni28–Co17–Al11.5–Ti2.5 (at.%) were studied in the present paper. The results show that cold rolling leads to brass-type texture in this alloy, which is typical for low stacking fault energy materials. Thermal treatments up to 1300 °C were conducted and it is shown that the presence of β-phase helps to control grain growth. After the dissolution of the secondary phase induced by heat treatment at higher temperatures, a strong {230}〈001〉 recrystallization texture evolves in cold rolled samples already upon imposing medium reduction ratios. Finally, good pseudoelastic properties are found in conditions being characterized by adequate texture and grain sizes spanning over the entire thickness of the samples tested.
Kontrazeption bei Risikopatientinnen
Authors: Heun X. , Skala C. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Frage nach sicheren kontrazeptiven Maßnahmen stellt sich häufig im gynäkologischen Alltag. Aufgrund der Fülle an effektiven kontrazeptiven Methoden muss die geeignete Maßnahme für jeden einzeln bestimmt werden. Kombinierte orale Kontrazeptiva (KOK) sind aufgrund ihrer Benutzerfreundlichkeit und ihrer Sicherheit eine häufig verschriebene und akzeptierte Form der Kontrazeption. Die klassische Pille besteht aus einem Östrogen- und Gestagenanteil. Durch den Östrogenanteil ergibt sich ein erhöhtes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen. Gerade bei Patientinnen mit Vorerkrankungen ist wegen eines erhöhten Risikos bezüglich kardiovaskulärer Komplikationen bei der Verschreibung von hormonellen kontrazeptiven Maßnahmen ein genaues Hinschauen notwendig und gegebenenfalls auf eine andere Kontrazeption auszuweichen. Dabei ist das Wissen über die Kontraindikationen sowie einflussreiche Risikofaktoren entscheidend. Je größer das Risiko für ein kardiovaskuläres Ereignis eingestuft wird, desto eher wird man eine Östrogengabe vermeiden wollen. Im Folgenden werden das Prinzip der kombinierten oralen Kontrazeption dargestellt, die Kontraindikationen präsentiert, Risikopatienten definiert und anhand von einigen Beispielen ein Plan für eine risikoarme Kontrazeption erstellt.
Influence of tension of the nuchal cord to the developmental output in a one-year-old child
Authors: Karabeg Edina , Karabeg Enes , Karabeg Adi 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
Influence of nuchal umbilical cord tension in a newborn on the developmental outcome at the end of the first year.

Methods:
and subjects of research: The research is prospective, conducted in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina (Una Sana Canton), for a period of five years. In the research study, we included newborns with a nuchal cord (tight and loose) and newborns without a nuchal cord (control group). We were tracking and recording the Apgar score and the conventional cardiotocography (CTG) findings in both groups. The development of newborns was monitored by the Munich Functional Scale and the development was evaluated at the end of the first year of life.

Results:
Statistically, there was a significant presence (P< .001) of Apgar score lower than 7 in newborns with nuchal cord concerning the control group. There were significantly lower Apgar score findings in newborns with a tight nuchal cord compared to ones with a loose nuchal cord (P<.001). Pathological cardiotocographic findings were monitored and the statistical significance in neonates with a nuchal cord concerning the control group. Cardiotocographic data in a neonatal group with tight nuchal cord were statistically significantly lower concerning cardiotocographic data in neonates with a loose nuchal cord (P<.001). Infants at the age of 1 year born with tight nuchal cord were found to have a significant developmental delay compared to those born with loose nuchal cord and control group (P<.001).

Conclusion:
The nuchal cord is the risk factor for later developmental deviation. Early diagnosis of the nuchal cord, especially tight cord around the neck (nuchal cord), is important for the prevention of later morbidity.
AN EM ALGORITHM FOR FITTING A NEW CLASS OF MIXED EXPONENTIAL REGRESSION MODELS WITH VARYING DISPERSION
Authors: Tzougas George , Karlis Dimitris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRegression modelling involving heavy-tailed response distributions, which have heavier tails than the exponential distribution, has become increasingly popular in many insurance settings including non-life insurance. Mixed Exponential models can be considered as a natural choice for the distribution of heavy-tailed claim sizes since their tails are not exponentially bounded. This paper is concerned with introducing a general family of mixed Exponential regression models with varying dispersion which can efficiently capture the tail behaviour of losses. Our main achievement is that we present an Expectation-Maximization (EM)-type algorithm which can facilitate maximum likelihood (ML) estimation for our class of mixed Exponential models which allows for regression specifications for both the mean and dispersion parameters. Finally, a real data application based on motor insurance data is given to illustrate the versatility of the proposed EM-type algorithm.