bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and Resiliency Factors Related to Dementia Caregiver Mental Health
Authors: Altamirano Olivia , Weisman de Mamani Amy 
Published: July 2020

Prevalence rates for dementia are expected to rise exponentially as the elderly population rises. With this comes a corresponding increase in the number of family members who will become dementia caregivers. Caregivers of people with dementia often experience a deterioration in mental health. Identifying factors that relate to caregiver mental health is necessary to develop appropriate interventions. The current study explored how family functioning (measured with a latent variable that includes family cohesion, family balance, and family communication), caregiver expressed emotion (EE), and patient symptom severity related to caregiver mental health (measured with a latent variable that includes depression, anxiety, and stress). Participants included 107 dementia caregivers. The following specific hypotheses were tested: lower levels of both (1) EE and (2) patient symptom severity, and (3) higher levels of family functioning would be related to better caregiver mental health. Results produced a well‐fitting model: X2(18) = 14.858, p = .672; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .037. Moreover, results indicated that better family functioning (Ɣ = −3.54, SE = 1.34, p = .008), lower levels of caregiver EE (β = .36, SE = 0.07, p < .01), and higher patient symptom severity (β = −3.03, SE = 0.88, p = .001) were related to better caregiver mental health. Results from this study suggest that efforts to bolster family functioning (i.e., enhance communication, promote cohesion, encourage flexibility) could help improve caregiver mental health.
Teamwork Makes the Dream Work: Interparental Processes When Coparenting Two Children
Authors: DeMartini Sarah E. , Hazen Nancy L. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about coparenting processes for two parents with two children, as observational studies of coparenting in families of four are virtually nonexistent.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to use observational methods to examine coparenting process in 52 families of four (mother–father–older child–younger child; N = 208 subjects).MethodMothers' and fathers' support of their partner and involvement with both children were examined in relation to the mothers' and fathers' cooperative coparenting. Observations were of 25‐minute home interactions that were rated using a newly developed coding system based on previous research with families of three.ResultsResults largely replicated findings from studies of coparenting in families of three (i.e., two parents and one child) in that higher levels of cooperative coparenting were related to both parents' higher involvement in coparenting and mutual support of their partner. However, significant interaction effects in families with two children revealed cooperative coparenting as more nuanced than in families with one child. Interactions indicated that cooperative coparenting was highest when both parents' involvement was high. Cooperative coparenting was lowest when both parents showed low support for one another, as well as when mothers showed low support of fathers and fathers showed low involvement.ConclusionsResults of this study reveal several commonalities in the coparenting of one child versus two children, as well as several notable differences. Results suggest that cooperative coparenting of two children may often require “all hands on deck” to provide adequate attention and resources for two young lives. Our findings also suggest that cooperative coparenting can still occur when one parent shows low behavioral support of the other or when a father's involvement is low, as long as the partner is highly supportive.ImplicationsImplications for family intervention and future directions for research in this area are discussed.
Cognitive function has a stronger correlation with perceived age than with chronological age
Authors: Umeda‐Kameyama Yumi , Kameyama Masashi , Kojima Taro , Ishii Masaki , Kidana Kiwami , Yakabe Mitsutaka , Ishii Shinya , Urano Tomohiko , Ogawa Sumito , Akishita Masahiro 
Published: July 2020

AimThe perceived age of older adults, as measured by their facial appearance, has been shown to be a robust biomarker of aging predictive of survival, telomere length and DNA methylation, and reportedly correlates with carotid atherosclerosis and bone status. This study aimed to determine whether metrics of dementia, including general cognition, vitality, depressive state and self‐supportability, have stronger correlations with perceived age than with chronological age.MethodsThis study included 124 patients who were admitted to the Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, on account of being suspected of cognitive decline. The Mini‐Mental State Examination, Vitality Index, Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, instrumental activities of daily living and Barthel Index were carried out. Five experienced geriatricians and five experienced clinical psychologists determined the perceived age of participants based on photographs.ResultsThe average values of the 10 raters showed excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (3, 10) = 0.941). Steiger's test revealed that perceived age showed a significantly better correlation with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (female) and Vitality Index (total, female) than did chronological age, but not with Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, instrumental activities of daily living or the Barthel Index.ConclusionsPerceived age was shown to be a reliable biomarker for cognitive assessment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 779–784.
Nutritive value, fermentation profile and effluent loss in sweet potato vine silage, with or without microbial inoculant
Authors: Pereira Rosana Cristina , Dornas Marcus Flávius Silva , Ribeiro Karina Guimarães , de Souza Igor Alexandre , Agarussi Mariele Cristina Nascimento , da Silva Vanessa Paula , de Andrade Junior Valter Carvalho , Pereira Odilon Gomes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe nutritive value, fermentation profile, microbial population, and effluent and gases losses of sweet potato vine silages, with and without microbial inoculant, were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with five sweet potato genotypes (BD‐08, BD‐23, BD‐25, BD‐31TO and BD‐43) and presence/absence of microbial inoculant (Sil‐All® 4 × 4), in a randomized blocks design, with three replicates. After 48 hr of wilting in field, the vines were chopped, inoculated with microbial inoculant and ensiled in 10‐L plastic buckets. The genotype × microbial inoculant interaction was significant (p < .05) only for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), whose coefficients ranged from 64.2% to 74.2%. The genotype affected significantly (p < .05) the pH, dry matter and acid detergent fiber contents, and lactic and acetic acid concentrations of the silages. The inoculant affected significantly (p < .05) the pH, ammonia nitrogen, and lactic acid contents, and gases losses. We concluded that all genotypes of sweet potato produced good quality silages. Microbial inoculant reduced pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration and gases losses, and increased lactic acid content of silages. The IVDMD of silages made from BD‐25 and BD‐31TO genotypes was improved with microbial inoculant.
Generation of multiepitope cancer vaccines based on large combinatorial libraries of survivin‐derived mutant epitopes
Authors: Domínguez‐Romero Allan Noé , Martínez‐Cortés Fernando , Munguía María Elena , Odales Josué , Gevorkian Goar , Manoutcharian Karen 
Published: July 2020

SummaryImmune tolerance is the main challenge in the field of cancer vaccines, so modified peptide sequences or naturally occurring mutated versions of cancer‐related wild‐type (WT) antigens represent a promising pathway. However, the low immunogenicity of mutation‐induced neoantigens and, particularly, their incapacity to activate CD8+ T cells are generating doubts on the success of neoantigen‐based cancer vaccines in clinical trials. We developed a novel vaccine approach based on a new class of vaccine immunogens, called variable epitope libraries (VELs). We used three regions of survivin (SVN), composed of 40, 49 and 51 amino acids, along with the complete SVN protein to generate the VELs as multiepitope vaccines. BALB/c mice, challenged with the aggressive and highly metastatic 4T1 cell line, were vaccinated in a therapeutic setting. We showed significant tumor growth inhibition and, most importantly, strong suppression of lung metastasis after a single immunization using VEL vaccines. We demonstrated vaccine‐induced broad cellular immune responses concomitant with extensive tumor infiltration of T cells, the activation of CD107a+ IFN‐γ+ T cells in the spleen and a significant increase in the number of CD3+ CD8+ Ly6C+ effector T cells. In addition, we observed the presence of interferon‐γ‐, granzyme B‐ and perforin‐producing lymphocytes along with modifications in the amount of CD11b+ Ly6Cint/low Ly6G+ granulocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the lungs and tumors of mice. In summary, we showed that the VELs represent a potent new class of cancer immunotherapy and propose the application of the VEL vaccine concept as a true alternative to currently available vaccine platforms.
Protecting prone positioned patients from facial pressure ulcers using prophylactic dressings: A timely biomechanical analysis in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Peko Lea , Barakat‐Johnson Michelle , Gefen Amit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProne positioning is used for surgical access and recently in exponentially growing numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 patients who are ventilated prone. To reduce their facial pressure ulcer risk, prophylactic dressings can be used; however, the biomechanical efficacy of this intervention has not been studied yet. We, therefore, evaluated facial soft tissue exposures to sustained mechanical loads in a prone position, with versus without multi‐layered silicone foam dressings applied as tissue protectors at the forehead and chin. We used an anatomically realistic validated finite element model of an adult male head to determine the contribution of the dressings to the alleviation of the sustained tissue loads. The application of the dressings considerably relieved the tissue exposures to loading. Specifically, with respect to the forehead, the application of a dressing resulted in 52% and 71% reductions in soft tissue exposures to effective stresses and strain energy densities, respectively. Likewise, a chin dressing lowered the soft tissue exposures to stresses and strain energy densities by 78% and 92%, respectively. While the surgical context is clear and there is a solid, relevant need for biomechanical information regarding prophylaxis for the prone positions, the projected consequences of the coronavirus pandemic make the present work more relevant than ever before.
Mechanism of spontaneous initiation of ventricular fibrillation in patients with implantable defibrillators
Authors: Xie Eric , Mayer Katarina , Capps Melissa F. , Barth Andreas S. , Love Charles J. , Coronel Ruben , Ashikaga Hiroshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo improve the mechanistic understanding of spontaneous initiation of ventricular fibrillation (VF), we characterized the patterns of premature ventricular complex (PVC) preceding spontaneous VF in primary and secondary implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) recipients.Methods and ResultsA single‐center, cross‐sectional analysis of 1209 patients with primary and secondary prevention ICD identified 190 patients who received ICD therapy (firing or antitachycardia pacing) for VF or monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MMVT). Initiation was quantified by the coupling interval (CI), the cycle length immediately preceding the CI (CL(−1)), the CI corrected by CL(−1) using Fridericia's formula (CIc), and the prematurity index (PI). In both VF (n = 44; 23%) and MMVT (n = 134; 71%), the most common pattern of initiation was late‐coupled PVC, followed by the short‐long‐short pattern. The parameters such as pre‐initiation median CL, CL(−1), CI, and PI were not significantly different between VF and MMVT for any patterns. At least some events (45% of VF and 63% of MMVT) had extremely long CIs beyond the QTc cut‐off estimated from the CL(−1), suggestive of initiation by a train of multiple PVCs or nonsustained VT instead of a single PVC.ConclusionSome spontaneous VF events in ICD recipients appear to be initiated by a train of multiple PVC or nonsustained VT rather than a single PVC. This finding indicates that patterns of a single PVC are not an important determinant of VF initiation and thus account for conflicting results in previous studies.
Comprehensive analysis of autophagy‐related prognostic genes in breast cancer
Authors: Lai Jianguo , Chen Bo , Mok Hsiaopei , Zhang Guochun , Ren Chongyang , Liao Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence revealed that autophagy played vital roles in breast cancer (BC) progression. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of autophagy‐related genes (ARGs) and develop a ARG‐based model to evaluate 5‐year overall survival (OS) in BC patients. We acquired ARG expression profiling in a large BC cohort (N = 1007) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The correlation between ARGs and OS was confirmed by the LASSO and Cox regression analyses. A predictive model was established based on independent prognostic variables. Thus, time‐dependent receiver operating curve (ROC), calibration plot, decision curve and subgroup analysis were conducted to determine the predictive performance of ARG‐based model. Four ARGs (ATG4A, IFNG, NRG1 and SERPINA1) were identified using the LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A ARG‐based model was constructed based on the four ARGs and two clinicopathological risk factors (age and TNM stage), dividing patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups. The 5‐year OS of patients in the low‐risk group was higher than that in the high‐risk group (P < 0.0001). Time‐dependent ROC at 5 years indicated that the four ARG–based tool had better prognostic accuracy than TNM stage in the training cohort (AUC: 0.731 vs 0.640, P < 0.01) and validation cohort (AUC: 0.804 vs 0.671, P < 0.01). The mutation frequencies of the four ARGs (ATG4A, IFNG, NRG1 and SERPINA1) were 0.9%, 2.8%, 8% and 1.3%, respectively. We built and verified a novel four ARG–based nomogram, a credible approach to predict 5‐year OS in BC, which can assist oncologists in determining effective therapeutic strategies.
Spin in the abstracts of randomized controlled trials in periodontology and oral implantology: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Yan Qi , Fang Xiaolin , Hua Fang , Shi Bin , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the presence and characteristics of spin (a distorted interpretation to make research findings seem favourable) in abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in periodontology and oral implantology, and to explore its associated factors and influence on the subsequent literature.Materials and methodsPubMed was searched to identify recent RCTs in periodontology and oral implantology, whose primary outcome was non‐significant. Spin in abstracts was assessed and categorized according to pre‐determined spin strategies. The associations between study characteristics and the presence/severity of spin were analysed using multivariable logistic regressions.Results196 abstracts were included, 137 (69.9%) of which had spin. 57 (29.1%) abstracts had spin in the Results section, and 126 (64.3%) had spin in the Conclusion section. The main spin strategies in the Results and Conclusion sections were focusing on secondary outcomes (16.3%) and focusing on within‐group comparisons (28.6%), respectively. The presence of spin was associated with number of centres (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.73; p = .009), while its severity was associated with topic (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08–0.70; p = .009).ConclusionsThe frequency of spin is relatively high among published RCT abstracts in periodontology and oral implantology. Findings reported in these abstracts need to be interpreted with caution.
Alterations in the epidermis of the carp, Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes), infected by the bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila: A scanning electron microscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation
Authors: Srivastava Ayan , Mistri Arup , Mittal Swati , Mittal Ajay Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was carried out to comprehend the pathogenicity of the bacteria in the epidermis of Labeo rohita inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila. Alterations in the histopathology of the epidermis were examined using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and the localization of iNOS and caspase 3 + ve cells by means of immunohistochemical methods. Skin samples obtained from infected fish at different intervals 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days showed significant changes in the cellular components of the epidermis. Epithelial cells often appeared hypertrophied with fragmented and loosely arranged microridges, and in the process of exfoliation. Mucous goblet cells increased significantly in density. Club cells showed degenerative changes, often with simultaneous confluence of adjacent cells and release of their contents. Increase in density of iNOS and caspase 3 + ve cells indicates inflammatory response and apoptosis. This study could provide valuable information on the pathogenesis of the disease, and disease outbreaks in farmed fish. Further, it could provide useful guidelines for fish farmers to take preventive measures for the control of the disease.
Soybean AP1 homologs control flowering time and plant height
Authors: Chen Liyu , Nan Haiyang , Kong Lingping , Yue Lin , Yang Hui , Zhao Qingsong , Fang Chao , Li Haiyang , Cheng Qun , Lu Sijia , Kong Fanjiang , Liu Baohui , Dong Lidong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFlowering time and plant height are key agronomic traits that directly affect soybean (Glycine max) yield. APETALA1 (AP1) functions as a class A gene in the ABCE model for floral organ development, helping to specify carpel, stamen, petal, and sepal identities. There are four AP1 homologs in soybean, all of which are mainly expressed in the shoot apex. Here, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) – CRISPR‐associated protein 9 technology to generate a homozygous quadruple mutant, gmap1, with loss‐of‐function mutations in all four GmAP1 genes. Under short‐day (SD) conditions, the gmap1 quadruple mutant exhibited delayed flowering, changes in flower morphology, and increased node number and internode length, resulting in plants that were taller than the wild type. Conversely, overexpression of GmAP1a resulted in early flowering and reduced plant height compared to the wild type under SD conditions. The gmap1 mutant and the overexpression lines also exhibited altered expression of several genes related to flowering and gibberellic acid metabolism, thereby providing insight into the role of GmAP1 in the regulatory networks controlling flowering time and plant height in soybean. Increased node number is the trait with the most promise for enhancing soybean pod number and grain yield. Therefore, the mutant alleles of the four AP1 homologs described here will be invaluable for molecular breeding of improved soybean yield.
Forever Working on the Whiteman: Agency, Vulnerability, and Hope in the Interstices of an Amazonian Frontier
Authors: Mentore Laura 
Published: July 2020

ResumenEste artículo presenta un estudio de caso de término medio entre una comunidad indígena en el sur de Guyana y un grupo de mineros itinerantes de Brasil cuyo jefe era percibido como un hombre blanco. Un elemento central para la aparición de este término medio fue el sentido de agencia creativa de cada parte en relación con la otra, su vulnerabilidad mutua en relación con factores circunstanciales más grandes y su malentendido mutuo de los motivos de compromiso de la otra parte. De este estudio de caso, sostengo que las condiciones que proporcionan un punto medio en los espacios fronterizos de extracción de recursos en la Amazonía son raras, de corta duración y es más probable que surjan en contextos donde una disminución en el valor de mercado de los recursos ha reducido la escala y la intensidad de contacto. El término medio surge en estas condiciones, en parte porque ciertas técnicas indígenas para negociar relaciones de poder florecen cuando la escala de contacto es más interpersonal desde el punto de vista gastronómico.
Benefits of powered standing wheelchair devices for adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the first year of use
Authors: Bayley Klair , Parkinson Stephanie , Jacoby Peter , Cross Donna , Morris Sue , Vorster Nitamarie , Schofield Cara , Kava Maina , Siafarikas Aris , Evans Kerry , Gaynor Odette , Chiu Linda , Ryan Monique M , Cairns Anita , Clark Damian , Downs Jenny 
Published: July 2020

AimPoorer physical and mental health often accompany loss of walking in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study assessed the impacts of powered wheelchair standing device (PWSD) use on muscle and joint pain, joint angles when standing and mental health in adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.MethodsFourteen adolescents and parents participated in a stepped wedge design study over 12 months. During a baseline and intervention period, adolescents described pain and mental health, and parents reported their child's mental health. Video data were collected to measure hip, knee and ankle joint angles in the preferred standing position.ResultsCompared with baseline and adjusting for covariates, standing wheelchair use was associated with no change in muscle or joint pain or videoed joint angles in standing. Child‐reported Strengths and Difficulties total scores decreased (coefficient −3.1, 95% confidence interval −4.6, −1.5); and parent‐reported Personal Adjustment and Role Skills Scale total scores increased (coefficient 7.9, 95% confidence interval 3.3–12.5).ConclusionsPWSD use was associated with maintenance of musculoskeletal status and advantages to mental health. Long‐term observations are necessary to improve understanding of how to support wellbeing in adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.