bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Profile of Fish Farmers of Telangana and Usage of Mobile Apps
Authors: Dhenuvakonda Kiranmayi , Sharma Arpita , Prasad K. Pani , Sharma Rama 
Published: December 2019

This study assessed the socioeconomic profile of fish farmers of Telangana and usage of mobile apps by them. An interview schedule was designed to assess the socioeconomic profile and to compile information on usage of mobile phones. Information was collected about age, income, fisheries experience, farm size, production, species cultivated and constraints faced by farmers. Information on mobile phone usage was studied through possession of mobile phone/smart phone, usage of mobile phones, usage of mobile apps, awareness of agriculture/fisheries apps and attitude towards usage of apps related to fisheries. Farmers’ attitude towards mobile app related to fish culture was also studied. Results indicated that farmers’ age was in the range of 35-50 years. Yearly income was in the range 2-5 lakhs. They had fish farming experience between 15-30 years. Majority had pond size of <1 hectare and fish production was between 1-2 tonnes/hectare. It was found that all the farmers used smart phones. Most common apps used by farmers were WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube and State Bank of India personal banking app. It was found that farmers were not aware of any mobile apps related to fisheries and aquaculture and thus usage was also not reported. However, they had a positive attitude towards usage of a mobile app related to fisheries. This study recommends development of mobile apps for fish farmers in a participatory manner which will be useful in disseminating information. Based on farmers’ needs a mobile app Matsya Kiran was developed.
Targeting claudin‐overexpressing thyroid and lung cancer by modified Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin
Authors: Piontek Anna , Eichner Miriam , Zwanziger Denise , Beier Laura‐Sophie , Protze Jonas , Walther Wolfgang , Theurer Sarah , Schmid Kurt Werner , Führer‐Sakel Dagmar , Piontek Jörg , Krause Gerd 
Published: December 2019

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) can be used to eliminate carcinoma cells that overexpress on their cell surface CPE receptors – a subset of claudins (e.g., Cldn3 and Cldn4). However, CPE cannot target tumors expressing solely CPE‐insensitive claudins (such as Cldn1 and Cldn5). To overcome this limitation, structure‐guided modifications were used to generate CPE variants that can strongly bind to Cldn1, Cldn2 and/or Cldn5, while maintaining the ability to bind Cldn3 and Cldn4. This enabled (a) targeting of the most frequent endocrine malignancy, namely, Cldn1‐overexpressing thyroid cancer, and (b) improved targeting of the most common cancer type worldwide, non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is characterized by high expression of several claudins, including Cldn1 and Cldn5. Different CPE variants, including the novel mutant CPE‐Mut3 (S231R/S313H), were applied on thyroid cancer (K1 cells) and NSCLC (PC‐9 cells) models. In vitro, CPE‐Mut3, but not CPEwt, showed Cldn1‐dependent binding and cytotoxicity toward K1 cells. For PC‐9 cells, CPE‐Mut3 improved claudin‐dependent cytotoxic targeting, when compared to CPEwt. In vivo, intratumoral injection of CPE‐Mut3 in xenograft models bearing K1 or PC‐9 tumors induced necrosis and reduced the growth of both tumor types. Thus, directed modification of CPE enables eradication of tumor entities that cannot be targeted by CPEwt, for instance, Cldn1‐overexpressing thyroid cancer by using the novel CPE‐Mut3.
Nanoscale Selective Passivation of Electrodes Contacting a 2D Semiconductor
Authors: Lihter Martina , Graf Michael , Iveković Damir , Radenovic Aleksandra 
Published: December 2019

Abstract2D semiconducting materials have become the central component of various nanoelectronic devices and sensors. For sensors operating in liquid, it is crucial to efficiently block the electron transfer that occurs between the electrodes contacting the 2D material and the interfering redox species. This reduces current leakages and preserves a good signal‐to‐noise ratio. Here, a simple electrochemical method is presented for passivating the electrodes contacting a monolayer of MoS2, a representative of transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. The method is based on blocking the electrode surface by a thin and compact layer of electronically nonconductive poly(phenylene oxide), PPO, formed by electrochemical polymerization of phenol. Since the phenol polymerization occurs in the potential window where MoS2 is electrochemically inactive, the PPO deposition is area‐selective, limited to the electrode surface. The deposited PPO film is characterized by electrochemical, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The applicability of this method is demonstrated by coating the electrodes of a MoS2‐based field‐effect transistor coupled with a nanopore. The highly selective deposition, the simple approach, and the compatibility with MoS2 makes this method a good strategy for efficient insulation of micro‐ and nanoelectrodes contacting 2D semiconductor‐based devices.
An Oxygen Self‐Evolving, Multistage Delivery System for Deeply Located Hypoxic Tumor Treatment
Authors: Jiang Wei , Han Xiaoxue , Zhang Taixing , Xie Diya , Zhang Hao , Hu Yong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hypoxia‐induced resistance to radiotherapy (RT) is a great threat to cancer patients. Therefore, overcoming the hypoxia tumor microenvironment is a vital issue. Herein, spindle‐shaped CuS@CeO2 core–shell nanoparticles combining self‐supplied oxygen, photothermal ability, and RT sensitive to cancer therapy are introduced. The spindle shape of CuS@CeO2 core–shell nanoparticles can potentiate their tumor penetration and subsequent internalization by cancer cells. The presence of CeO2, functioning as a nanoenzyme, catalyzes the endogenous H2O2 in tumor tissue into O2, which remodels the hypoxic microenvironment into one susceptible to RT. CuS nanoparticles encapsulated in CeO2 undergo a steady release and deep tumor penetration, allowing the regression of lesions less affected by RT. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that the design not only mitigates the dosage of RT, but more importantly allows the entire tumor to be treated without relapses.
Flexible Bioelectronic Devices Based on Micropatterned Monolithic Carbon Fiber Mats
Authors: Vomero Maria , Gueli Calogero , Zucchini Elena , Fadiga Luciano , Erhardt Johannes B. , Sharma Swati , Stieglitz Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolymer‐derived carbon can serve as an electrode material in multimodal neural stimulation, recording, and neurotransmitter sensing platforms. The primary challenge in its applicability in implantable, flexible neural devices is its characteristic mechanical hardness that renders it difficult to fabricate the entire device using only carbon. A microfabrication technique is introduced for patterning flexible, cloth‐like, polymer‐derived carbon fiber (CF) mats embedded in polyimide (PI), via selective reactive ion etching. This scalable, monolithic manufacturing method eliminates any joints or metal interconnects and creates electrocorticography electrode arrays based on a single CF mat. The batch‐fabricated CF/PI composite structures, with critical dimension of 12.5 µm, are tested for their mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical stability, as well as to chemicals that mimic acute postsurgery inflammatory reactions. Their recording performance is validated in rat models. Reported CF patterning process can benefit various carbon microdevices that are expected to feature flexibility, material stability, and biocompatibility.
Microcapsule‐Based Visualization Smart Sensors for Damage Detection: Principles and Applications
Authors: Zheng Xu , Wang Qing , Li Yao , Luan Jinjin , Wang Ning 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe smart sensor is an effective way to detect damage and improve structural safety in structural health monitoring. Microcapsule‐based visualization sensors stand out from the smart sensors. Here, the research progress of microcapsule visualization materials in recent years is summarized and the sensing principles, influence factors, performances, applications, and future prospects are introduced. The way to achieve the visualizing function of microcapsule visualization sensors is the fabrication of microcapsules that are encapsulated with solutions of dyes or indicator. When the protective shell of microcapsules is broken, the dyes will be released and activated under optical, chemical, or mechanical conditions. These visualized microcapsules can be added to the interior of the structure or prepared as a coating to provide structural health monitoring of the interior and surface of the structure. They can accurately detect microcracks and highlight them in bright colors. Additionally, the structural health monitoring applications of microcapsule visualization sensing coatings in concrete, asphalt, and steel are presented with detailed examples. The development and application of these microcapsule visualization sensors are of great significance in improving the structural life and avoiding structural failure in engineering.
Heterogeneous Conductance‐Based Locally Shape‐Morphable Soft Electrothermal Actuator
Authors: Ahn Junseong , Jeong Yongrok , Zhao Zhi‐Jun , Hwang Soonhyoung , Kim Kyuyoung , Ko Jiwoo , Jeon Sohee , Park Jaeho , Kang Hyeokjung , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Park Inkyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of soft electrothermal actuators (ETAs) that can be designed in arbitrary shapes and can easily handle soft objects has recently attracted much attention. However, the existing ETAs cannot be locally designed with a single substrate geometry, which places certain limitations on their applications. In addition, some limited materials (e.g., highly aligned carbon nanotubes) are used as heating layers for improving actuation controllability, which results in a high driving voltage, thus limiting the diversity and utility of ETAs. Herein, a novel method for a heterogeneous conductance‐based locally shape‐morphable electrothermal actuator (HC‐ETA) is suggested, revealing that conductance programming allows control of the heat distribution in ETAs. Thus, by controlling the actuator heat distribution, the designed actuation motion can be implemented. Furthermore, Ag nanowire/carbon nanotube composites are used as conductive nanomaterials for a heating layer to realize a low‐driving‐voltage actuator. Additionally, combining a porous fabric substrate with a bipolymer actuator structure allows mechanical interlocking and the chemical bonding between actuator multilayers, resulting in significantly enhanced mechanical durability. Finally, the utility of the proposed actuator and the corresponding design method is successfully demonstrated by fabricating a biomimetic self‐walking robot and an object lifting soft robot for vacuum chamber applications.
A Nanoparticle Platform for Improved Potency, Stability, and Adjuvanticity of Poly(I:C)
Authors: Gale Emily C. , Roth Gillie A. , Smith Anton A. A. , Alcántara‐Hernández Marcela , Idoyaga Juliana , Appel Eric A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCancer immunotherapies and prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases often exploit adjuvants such as toll‐like receptor agonists (TLRa) to drive potent and directed immune responses. Unfortunately, a promising class of TLRa based on nucleic acid derivatives is susceptible to degradation by nucleases, cause life‐threatening systemic toxicities, and is difficult to target to specific cell populations or tissues within the body. In this study a library of cationic polymeric nanoparticles (NP) is developed for encapsulation and delivery of the double‐stranded RNA structural mimic, poly(I:C) (pIC), to address these limitations. Using a combinatorial library screening approach, pIC/poly(β‐amino ester) (PBAE) NPs are identified that skew activation resulting in enhanced potency (13‐fold increase in type I interferon [IFN] production) and negligible toxicity. These highly potent adjuvant NPs increase the magnitude, duration, and affinity maturation of antigen‐specific antibodies following vaccination with a model subunit vaccine. This NP platform provides an opportunity to alter the immune response to pIC, creating a potent type I IFN‐producing adjuvant capable of driving stronger humoral responses to immunization and improving affinity maturation more than 14‐fold. This platform can be applied generally to develop more effective vaccines and immunotherapies.
Controlled Ionic Tunneling in Lithium Nanoionic Synaptic Transistor through Atomically Thin Graphene Layer for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Nikam Revannath Dnyandeo , Kwak Myonghoon , Lee Jongwon , Rajput Krishn Gopal , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLithium nanoionic transistors have recently emerged as promising artificial synaptic devices for neuromorphic hardware systems. However, mimicking the essential synaptic functionalities including nonvolatile conductance modulation with a near‐linear analog weight update has been a crucial milestone in those synaptic devices and has a direct impact on pattern recognition accuracy. The volatile channel conductance change due to the instability of the solid electrolyte interface and lithium‐ion nucleation at electrolyte‐channel interface are two key phenomena responsible for the nonlinear switching in lithium nanoionics transistor. Graphene is proposed as an atomically thin ionic tunneling layer to establish nonvolatile analog multilevel conduction in lithium nanoionic transistor. The combined effects of controlled ionic tunneling through graphene and stable solid electrolyte interface result in the device exhibiting nearly linear conductance switching with distinct gate‐controllable nonvolatile multilevel conduction states and a smallest asymmetric ratio of 0.26 and highest on/off ratio of 28. A neural network simulation result obtained from the graphene layer device indicates high handwritten digit recognition accuracy. These results demonstrate the potential application of atomically thin two‐dimensional (2D) materials as an ionic tunneling layer in nanoionics synaptic transistors and may facilitate the development of a neuromorphic computing system with high performance.
Stretchable Supercapacitors as Emergent Energy Storage Units for Health Monitoring Bioelectronics
Authors: Chen Xue , Villa Nicolo Simone , Zhuang Yanfeng , Chen Linzhe , Wang Tianfu , Li Zida , Kong Tiantian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmerging health monitoring bioelectronics require energy storage units with improved stretchability, biocompatibility, and self‐charging capability. Stretchable supercapacitors hold great potential for such systems due to their superior specific capacitances, power densities, and tissue‐conforming properties, as compared to both batteries and conventional capacitors. Despite the rapid progress that has been made in supercapacitor research, practical applications in health monitoring bioelectronics have yet to be achieved, requiring innovations in materials, device configurations, and fabrications tailored for such applications. In this review, the progress in stretchable supercapacitor‐powered health monitoring bioelectronics is summarized and the required specifications of supercapacitors for different types of application settings with varying demands on biocompatibility are discussed, including nontouching wearables, skin‐touching wearables, skin‐conforming wearables, and implantables. The perspective of this review is then broadened to focus on integration of stretchable supercapacitors in bioelectronics and aspects of energy harvesting and sensing. Finally further insights on the existing challenges in this developing field and potential solutions are provided.
Phylogeny of the Neotropical tribe Jacarandeae (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Ragsac Audrey C. , Farias‐Singer Rosana , Freitas Loreta B. , Lohmann Lúcia G. , Olmstead Richard G. 
Published: December 2019

PremiseThe tribe Jacarandeae includesJacaranda(49 species) andDigomphia(3 species), two genera of trees and woody shrubs with Neotropical distribution. Jacarandeae is sister to the rest of the Bignoniaceae, but not much is known about interspecific and intergeneric relationships within this group.MethodsWe reconstructed the phylogeny of Jacarandeae using chloroplast (ndhF,rpl32‐trnL,trnL‐F) and nuclear (ETS,PPR62) markers. Evolutionary relationships within Jacarandeae were inferred using Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood, and species tree approaches. The resulting phylogenetic framework was used as the basis to interpret the evolution of key morphological character states (i.e., stamen and calyx traits) and revise the infra‐generic classification of the group.ResultsJacarandaandDigomphiabelong to a well‐supported clade, withDigomphianested withinJacaranda. We propose the necessary taxonomic changes to recognize monophyletic taxa, including a broadly circumscribedJacarandadivided into four sections: (1)Jacarandasect.Nematopogon, species previously included inDigomphiaand united by divided staminode apices and spathaceous calyces; (2)Jacarandasect.Copaia, species with monothecal anthers and cupular calyces; (3)Jacarandasect.Jacaranda, species with monothecal anthers and campanulate calyces; and (4)Jacarandasect.Dilobos, species with dithecal anthers and cupular calyces, and including more than half of the species of the genus, all restricted to Brazil.ConclusionsAs circumscribed here, Jacarandeae includes only a broadly definedJacarandadivided into four sections. Each section is defined by a unique combination of anther and calyx morphologies.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Aluminum Complexes for Chiral Sensing of Amino Acid and Amino Alcohol
Authors: Jin Qingxian , Wang Fulin , Chen Shuyu , Zhou Liming , Jiang Hejin , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDetermination of the absolute configuration (AC) of chiral molecules is a key issue in many fields related to chirality such as drug development, the asymmetric reaction screening, and the structure determination of natural compounds. Although various methods, such as X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, are used to determine the AC, a simple and cheap alternative method is always anticipated. So far, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy has been widely used to ascertain the AC and enantiomeric excess (ee) values by applying appropriate organic probes. Here, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy was applied to determine the AC and ee values of a series of amino acid and amino alcohol. The measurements were conducted by mixing the amino acids or amino alcohols with an achiral 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthaldehyde. Upon in situ formation of the Schiff base complexes, the system showed emission enhancement and CPL in the presence of Al3+, whose intensity and sign can be used to assign the chiral sense of the amino acids and amino alcohols. The authenticity of the method was further compared with the established CD spectroscopy, revealing that CPL spectra of formed Al3+ complex were effective to determine the AC of chiral species.
Strategies for Designing Nanoparticles for Electro‐ and Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Choi Ji Yong , Choi Woong , Park Joon Woo , Lim Chan Kyu , Song Hyunjoon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value‐added chemicals has attracted much attention because it can not only resolve global warming issues by reducing CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere, but also produce renewable hydrocarbon fuels that are important feedstocks for the chemical industry. Among the diverse approaches reported, CO2 reduction via electro‐ and photocatalytic methods is at the center of topics due to potential engineering of reaction performance through rational design of catalyst features. In this Minireview, we highlight recent strategies for designing nanoparticles to maximize the reaction efficiency and selectivity; from a materials viewpoint, these strategies can provide critical information to guide future research directions.
Ag@Au Core‐Shell Nanowires for Nearly 100 % CO2‐to‐CO Electroreduction
Authors: Liu Jinze , Wang Yating , Jiang Hao , Jiang Haibo , Zhou Xiaodong , Li Yuhang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to CO is regarded as an efficient method to utilize the greenhouse gas CO2, because the CO product can be further converted into high value‐added chemicals via the Fisher–Tropsch process. Among all electrocatalysts used for CO2‐to‐CO reduction, Au‐based catalysts have been demonstrated to possess high selectivity, but their precious price limits their future large‐scale applications. Thus, simultaneously achieving high selectivity and reasonable price is of great importance for the development of Au‐based catalysts. Here, we report Ag@Au core–shell nanowires as electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction, in which a nanometer‐thick Au film is uniformly deposited on the core Ag nanowire. Importantly, the Ag@Au catalyst with a relative low Au content can drive CO generation with nearly 100 % Faraday efficiency in 0.1 m KCl electrolyte at an overpotential of ca. −1.0 V. This high selectivity of CO2 reduction could be attributed to a suitable adsorption strength for the key intermediate on Au film together with the synergistic effects between the Au shell and Ag core and the strong interaction between CO2 and Cl− ions in the electrolyte, which may further pave the way for the development of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Macrocyclic Metal Complexes Bearing Rigid Polyaromatic Ligands: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Higuchi Kazuki , Ogawa Masahiro , Sogawa Hiromitsu , Kuwata Shigeki , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Kawauchi Susumu , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe synthesised palladium and platinum complexes possessing cyclic and acyclic pincer‐type polyaromatic ligands and investigated their structural effect on the catalysis. The pincer‐type bis(6‐arylpyridin‐2‐yl)benzene skeleton was constructed via Kröhnke pyridine synthesis under transition metal‐free conditions on gram‐scale quantity. Ligand structure significantly influenced catalytic activity toward the platinum‐catalysed hydrosilylation of diphenyl acetylenes, despite the ligand‐independence of the conformations and electronic properties of these complexes.
Occupational disparities in bladder cancer survival: A population‐based cancer registry study in Japan
Authors: Zaitsu Masayoshi , Lee Hye‐Eun , Lee Sangchul , Takeuchi Takumi , Kobayashi Yasuki , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about occupational disparities in bladder cancer survival.MethodsUsing data from a population‐based cancer registry (1970‐2016), we identified 3593 patients with incident bladder cancer diagnosed during 1970‐2011 who completed occupational information. The patients were followed for 5 years (median follow‐up time 5.0 years). Their longest‐held occupations at incident bladder cancer diagnosis were classified according to a national standardized classification. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall death were estimated by Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for age, sex, and year of diagnosis. Clerical workers served as the reference group.ResultsOverall prognosis was fair in this population (5‐year overall survival, 61.9%). Compared with patients in clerical jobs, survival was poorer for those in professional and managerial jobs (mortality HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09‐1.69), sales and service jobs (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01‐1.56), construction jobs (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.40‐2.38), and manufacturing jobs (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05‐1.66), as well as those not actively employed (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02‐1.58). A similar pattern was observed in the subgroup analyses restricted to male patients as well as additional analyses adjusted for potential prognostic variables (eg, stage) with multiple imputation.ConclusionWe documented occupational disparities in bladder cancer survival in Japan. However, the pattern of disparity did not favor highest occupational groups.