bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-energy all-fiber gain-switched thulium-doped fiber laser for volumetric photoacoustic imaging of lipids
Authors: Li Can , Shi Jiawei , Wang Xiatian , Wang Boquan , Gong Xiaojing , Song Liang , Wong Kenneth K. Y. 
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate a high-energy all-fiber short wavelength gain-switched thulium-doped fiber laser for volumetric photoacoustic (PA) imaging of lipids. The laser cavity is constructed by embedding a short piece of gain fiber between a pair of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Through using three pairs of FBGs with operation wavelengths at 1700, 1725, and 1750 nm, three similar lasers are realized with a cavity length of around 25 cm. Under a maximum pump energy of 300 μJ at 1560 nm, laser pulse energies of 58.2, 66.8, and 75.3 μJ are, respectively, achieved with a minimum pulse width of

<
16.7

ns

at a repetition rate of 10 kHz. Volumetric imaging of lipids is validated through scanning a fat beef slice with a PA microscopy system incorporated with the newly developed source, and a lateral resolution of 18.8 μm and an axial resolution of 172.9 μm are achieved. Moreover, the higher shooting speed of the developed source can potentially allow for increasing at twice the frame rate of current intravascular PA imaging.
Using Adalimumab to Treat Autoimmune Enteropathy
Authors: Trivedi Hirsh D. , Shannahan Sarah E. , Morrow Matthew , Peppercorn Mark A. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Autoimmune enteropathy is a rare condition seen in adults with limited therapeutic options available. It manifests with profuse diarrhea and malnourishment. The diagnosis is made through a combination of clinical, serologic, and histologic parameters. The cornerstone of therapy revolves around nutritional optimization and immunosuppression, most commonly in the form of corticosteroids. Alternate therapies, such as antitumor necrosis factor agents, can be considered if there is an inadequate response to steroids. We report a case of autoimmune enteropathy that was successfully treated with adalimumab, a rare treatment for an infrequent disease.
Catastrophic Bleeding From Gastroduodenal Artery After Whipple Procedure Managed With Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta
Authors: Samlowski Erika , Okwuosa Chris , Tashjian Nara , Wagner Michel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is designed to control traumatic intra-abdominal or pelvic hemorrhage. There are few case reports of REBOA use in nontraumatic gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. A 53-year-old man with pancreatic cancer status post Whipple procedure presented with GI hemorrhage from the gastroduodenal artery. Endoscopy and angioembolization were unsuccessful at stopping the hemorrhage. REBOA was used to stabilize the patient until definitive surgical control. REBOA is a potentially lifesaving measure in cases of massive abdominal or pelvic hemorrhage. REBOA can be used as an adjunct in unstable patients with GI bleeding until definitive GI, interventional radiology, or surgical control.
Colonoscopy Leading to the Diagnosis of AL Amyloidosis in the Gastrointestinal Tract Mimicking an Acute Ulcerative Colitis Flare
Authors: Lee Brian S. , Chudasama Yuvrajsinh , Chen Adam I. , Lim Brian S. , Taira Mark T. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The 2 most common types of amyloidosis are light chain (AL) and reactive (AA). AL is associated with plasma cell dyscrasias; reactive (AA) is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. A few cases have described AL amyloidosis mimicking colitis. However, endoscopic findings leading to the diagnosis of AL amyloidosis are rare. We report a 77-year-old woman with a medical history of ulcerative colitis who presented with recurrent nonbloody watery diarrhea. Colonoscopy revealed features suspicious for amyloidosis. Bone marrow biopsy showed multiple myeloma and AL amyloidosis. This case demonstrates the importance of generating a broad differential and the pivotal role of endoscopic findings in diagnosing uncommon diseases.
Head-to-Head Comparison of Family History of Colorectal Cancer and a Genetic Risk Score for Colorectal Cancer Risk Stratification
Authors: Weigl Korbinian , Hsu Li , Knebel Phillip , Hoffmeister Michael , Timofeeva Maria , Farrington Susan , Dunlop Malcolm , Brenner Hermann 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Family history (FH) is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to examine the potential for CRC risk stratification by known common genetic variants beyond FH in a large population-based case-control study from Germany.

METHODS:
Four thousand four hundred forty-seven cases and 3,480 controls recruited in 2003–2016 were included for whom comprehensive interview, medical, and genomic data were available. Associations with CRC risk were estimated from multiple logistic regression models for FH and a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 90 previously identified risk variants.

RESULTS:
CRC in a first-degree relative was associated with a 1.71-fold (95% confidence interval 1.47–2.00) increase in CRC risk. A higher risk increase (odds ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.78–2.39) was estimated for the GRS when it was dichotomized at a cutoff yielding the same positivity rate as FH among controls. Furthermore, the GRS provides substantial additional risk stratification in both people with and especially without FH. Equal or even slightly higher risks were observed for participants without FH with a GRS in the upper 20% compared with participants with FH with a GRS below median. The observed patterns were confirmed in a replication study.

DISCUSSION:
In contrast to common perception, known genetic variants do not primarily reflect some minor share of the familial excess risk of CRC, but rather reflect a substantial share of risk independent of FH.
Novel Fecobionics Defecatory Function Testing
Authors: Gregersen Hans , Chen Ssu-Chi , Leung Wing Wa , Wong Cherry , Mak Tony , Ng Simon , Futaba Kaori 
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Defecation is a complex process that can be easily disturbed. Defecatory disorders may be diagnosed using specialized investigation, including anorectal manometry (ARM) and the balloon expulsion test (BET). Recently, we developed a simulated stool named Fecobionics that integrates several tests and assesses pressures, orientation, and bending during evacuation. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of Fecobionics for assessing defecatory physiology in normal subjects.

METHODS:
Physiological expulsion parameters were assessed in an interventional study design. The 10-cm-long Fecobionics probe contained pressure sensors at the front and rear and inside a bag and 2 motion processor units. The bag was distended in the rectum of 20 presumed normal subjects (15 female/5 male) until urge to defecate. ARM-BET was also performed. Three subjects used +2 minutes to evacuate BET, and 1 subject had a high fecal incontinence score. Therefore, the normal group consisted of 16 subjects (13 female/3 male aged 25–78 years).

RESULTS:
All subjects reported that Fecobionics evacuation was similar to normal defecation. Fecobionics expulsion pressure signatures demonstrated 5 phases, reflecting rectal pressure, anal relaxation, and anal passage. Preload-afterload loop diagrams demonstrated clockwise contraction cycles. The expulsion duration for BET and Fecobionics was 16 ± 2 and 23 ± 5 seconds (P > 0.2), respectively. The duration of the Fecobionics and BET expulsions was associated (P < 0.001). The change in bending of Fecobionics during defecation was 40 ± 3°.

DISCUSSION:
Fecobionics obtained reliable data under physiological conditions. Agreement was found for comparable variables between ARM-BET and Fecobionics but not for other variables. The study suggests that Fecobionics is safe and effective in evaluation of key defecatory parameters.
Kant’s World Concept of Philosophy and Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Fugate Courtney 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to better understand Kant’s conception of philosophy as a “world concept” (Weltbegriff), which is at the heart of the Architectonic of Pure Reason. This is pursued in two major parts. The first evaluates the textual foundation for reading Kant’s world concept of philosophy as cosmopolitanism and concludes that he most probably never himself equated philosophy as a world concept with any form of cosmopolitanism. The second major part of the paper clarifies this concept of philosophy through the specific role it plays in the argument of the Architectonic. Kant’s unique concept of science is examined and compared with several specific applications of it found elsewhere in Kant’s writings. From this it is concluded that Kant’s intention in the Architectonic was to derive his world concept of philosophy from its logical counterpart, namely the scholastic concept of philosophy, and that its function there is to provide the idea from which the entire structure (schema) of Kantian critical metaphysics can be derived. Philosophy as a world concept, it is further argued, is the complete system of critical or Kantian metaphysics in application and the philosopher in this sense is the ideal critical metaphysician who fully realizes its laws through her own understanding and will.
Value Pluralism: Crucial Complexities
Authors: Crowder George 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Discussing the crucifix case, Beata Polanowska-Sygulska concludes that the decision on appeal fits with Berlinian value pluralism, while the initial judgement was ethically monist. Her assumption is that pluralism favours cultural diversity against uniform law. This assumption is too simple and needs to be qualified by several considerations. First, we should be clear that, under pluralism, a moral question may have ‘one right answer’ if this is contextual. Second, so far as pluralism connects with cultural diversity, this has multiple dimensions, applying not just among societies but within them as well. Third, pluralists ought to be concerned primarily with promoting a diversity of values rather than cultures. When these matters are properly taken into account, it can be seen that a uniform law may be more pluralist than a multiplicity of local laws, depending on the circumstances.
‘Inequality is not a Problem’: How (Some) Economists Responded to Thomas Piketty
Authors: King J. E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century makes hardly any reference to the ethics of inequality. Surprisingly, this is an omission shared by most of his critics. In this paper I investigate the literature on which he and his reviewers might have drawn and speculate on the reasons why they did not. I outline the four ‘views of society’ and the related issues in moral philosophy that were presented by Michael Schneider in his book on the distribution of wealth. I then summarise the criticisms of Piketty made by those few reviewers who did show some interest in ethical questions and examine the slightly earlier and quite different case against reducing inequality made by one of these critics, N. Gregory Mankiw. I consider the economic, political and social costs of inequality identified in a book-length study of Piketty’s work by Steven Pressman, and conclude by reflecting on the reasons for the widespread neglect of moral philosophy by mainstream economists.
Social Norms, Expectations and Sanctions
Authors: Guala Francesco 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hindriks’ paper raises two issues: one is formal and concerns the notion of ‘cost’ in rational choice accounts of norms; the other is substantial and concerns the role of expectations in the modification of payoffs. In this commentary I express some doubts and worries especially about the latter: What’s so special with shared expectations? Why do they induce compliance with norms, if transgression is not associated with sanctions?
Explicit decomposition theorem for special Schubert varieties
Authors: Franco Davide 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We provide an explicit canonical description of the perverse cohomology sheaves
and of the primitive perverse cohomology complexes for the non-small
resolution

π
:

𝒮
~

→
𝒮

{\pi:\tilde{\mathcal{S}}\to\mathcal{S}}

of a special Schubert variety

𝒮

{\mathcal{S}}

. For such a resolution, we also discuss a way to obtain an
explicit splitting of

R
⁢
π
⁢

ℚ

𝒮
~

*

{R\pi{{}_{*}}\mathbb{Q}_{\widetilde{{\mathcal{S}}}}}

, in the derived category, by means of Gysin morphisms and
cohomology extensions.
Expansion of Self-consciousness in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason
Authors: Lenczewska Olga 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper is a novel attempt at reconstructing Kant’s account of self-consciousness in the first Critique by making evident its gradual expository progression, and at identifying the epistemic status of the two modes of self-consciousness: pure and empirical. I trace the gradual exposition of theoretical self-consciousness across three crucial parts of the book: the Transcendental Deduction, the Refutation of Idealism, and the Paralogisms of Pure Reason. In doing so, I show that the account of theoretical self-consciousness is not presented to us all at once, but is progressively expanded and filled in. I also emphasize the importance of the distinction between the subject’s awareness of its existence, “Dasein”, and of its existence, “Existenz”. I conclude by discussing Kant’s preliminary remarks about practical self-consciousness in the Paralogisms, which bear an important relation to theoretical self-consciousness.
A Comparison of Training Modality and Total Genotype Scores to Enhance Sport-Specific Biomotor Abilities in Under 19 Male Soccer Players
Authors: Suraci Bruce R. , Quigley Charlie , Thelwell Richard C. , Milligan Gemma S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Suraci, BR, Quigley, C, Thelwell, RC, and Milligan, GS. A comparison of training modality and total genotype scores to enhance sport-specific biomotor abilities in under 19 male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 154–161, 2021—Soccer-specific training (SST) and small-sided games (SSGs) have been shown to develop physical proficiency in soccer. Research on genetics and epigenetics in the prescription of training is limited. The aims of this study were to compare the impact of 3 different SST/SSG methods and investigate if a total genotype score (TGS) influences training response. Subjects (n = 30 male soccer players, mean ± SD; age 17.2 ± 0.9 years, stature = 172.6 ± 6.2 cm; body mass = 71.7 ± 10.1 kg) were stratified into a “power” (PG) or “endurance” (EG) gene profile group, where a 15 single nucleotide polymorphism panel was used to produce an algorithmically weighted TGS. Training 1 (T1—SSGs only), training 2 (T2—SSGs/SST), and training 3 (T3—SST only) were completed (in that respective order), lasting 8 weeks each, interspersed by 4-week washouts. Acceleration (10-m sprint) was improved by T2 only (1.84 ± 0.09 seconds vs. 1.73 ± 0.05 seconds; Effect Size [ES] = 1.59, p < 0.001). Speed (30-m sprint) was improved by T2 (4.46 ± 0.22 seconds vs. 4.30 ± 0.19 seconds; ES = 0.81, p < 0.001) and T3 (4.48 ± 0.22 seconds vs. 4.35 ± 0.21 seconds; ES = 0.58, p < 0.001). Agility (T-test) was improved by T1 (10.14 ± 0.40 seconds vs. 9.84 ± 0.42 seconds; ES = 0.73, p < 0.05) and T3 (9.93 ± 0.38 seconds vs. 9.66 ± 0.45 seconds; ES = 0.66, p < 0.001). Endurance (Yo-Yo level 1) was improved by T1 (1,682.22 ± 497.23 m vs. 2,028.89 ± 604.74 m; ES = 0.63, p < 0.05), T2 (1,904.35 ± 526.77 m vs. 2,299.13 ± 606.97 m; ES = 0.69, p < 0.001), and T3 (1,851.76 ± 490.46 m vs. 2,024.35 ± 588.13 m; ES = 0.35, p < 0.05). Power (countermovement jump) was improved by T3 only (36.01 ± 5.73 cm vs. 37.14 ± 5.62 cm; ES = 0.20, p < 0.05). There were no differences in T1, T2, and T3 combined when comparing PG and EG. The PG reported significantly (χ2(20) = 4.42, p = 0.035, ES = 0.48) better training responses to T3 for power than the EG. These results demonstrate the efficacy of SSGs and SSTs in developing biomotor abilities. Although these results refute talent identification through the use of a TGS, there may be use in aligning the training method to TGS to develop power-based qualities in soccer.
Effects of Massage and Cold Water Immersion After an Exhaustive Run on Running Economy and Biomechanics: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Duñabeitia Iratxe , Arrieta Haritz , Rodriguez-Larrad Ana , Gil Javier , Esain Izaro , Gil Susana M. , Irazusta Jon , Bidaurrazaga-Letona Iraia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Duñabeitia, I, Arrieta, H, Rodriguez-Larrad, A, Gil, J, Esain, I, Gil, SM, Irazusta, J, and Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I. Effects of massage and cold water immersion after an exhaustive run on running economy and biomechanics: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 149–155, 2022—This study compares the effects of 2 common recovery interventions performed shortly after an exhausting interval running session on running economy (RE) and biomechanics. Forty-eight well-trained male runners performed an exhaustive interval running protocol and an incremental treadmill test 24 hours later at 3 speeds: 12, 14, and 16 km·h−1. Subjects randomly received either massage, cold water immersion (CWI), or passive rest (control). Runners repeated the treadmill test 48 hours after the first test. A two-way mixed analysis of variance was performed comparing groups and testing times. The massage group had significantly better recovery than the control group at 14 km·h−1 in RE (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.176) and greater stride height and angle changes at 16 km·h−1 (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.166 and p < 0.05; η2 = 0.208, respectively). No differences were observed between the CWI and control groups. The massage group had greater stride height and angle changes at 16 km·h−1 than the CWI group (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.139 and p < 0.05; η2 = 0.168, respectively). Moreover, differences in magnitude suggested moderate effects on RE (η2 = 0.076) and swing time (η2 = 0.110). These results suggest that massage intervention promotes faster recovery of RE and running biomechanics than CWI or passive rest.
The Effect of Tactical Tasks and Gear on Muscle Activation of SWAT Officers
Authors: Keeler Jason M. , Pohl Michael B. , Bergstrom Haley C. , Thomas Justin M. , Abel Mark G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Keeler, JM, Pohl, MB, Bergstrom, HC, Thomas, JM, and Abel, MG. The effect of tactical tasks and gear on muscle activation of SWAT officers. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 238–244, 2022—Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) officers perform a variety of tactical operations while wearing tactical gear. Load carriage has been shown to alter muscle activation in the torso and is also associated with lower back pain, which is a prevalent musculoskeletal injury suffered by SWAT Officers. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of tactical gear on muscle activation of torso musculature while performing occupational tasks. Twenty male SWAT Officers (age: 34.7 ± 4.5 years; height: 1.79 ± 0.1 m; body mass: 91.5 ± 17.3 kg) performed 4 tasks (standing, rifle walk, sitting, and shield walk) with and without gear (mass of gear: 13.8 ± 1.9 kg). Mean electromyographic amplitude was evaluated bilaterally for the erector spinae, rectus abdominis, and external oblique muscles during the trials and expressed relative to maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Addition of gear significantly increased erector spinae mean muscle activation during the rifle walk task (mean delta: +0.16%). However, no differences in muscle activation were identified for any other muscles between gear conditions (effect size ≤ 0.15). The shield walk produced the highest mean activation for each muscle during different tasks. The dynamic tasks yielded (0.24–4.18% MVIC) greater muscle activation levels than sitting and standing tasks. Despite minimal increases in muscle activation levels with the addition of gear, load carriage is known to increase the risk of acute and chronic injury. Collectively, these findings indicate that SWAT Officers should perform most skills without gear during tactical training to simulate task-specific movement patterns but reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injury.
Relationships Between Tests of Strength, Power, and Speed and the 75-Yard Pursuit Run
Authors: Post Brett K. , Dawes J. Jay , Lockie Robert G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Post, BK, Dawes, JJ, and Lockie, RG. Relationships between tests of strength, power, and speed and the 75-yard pursuit run. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 99–105, 2022—The 75-yard pursuit run (75 PR) was designed to simulate a foot pursuit for law enforcement officers (LEOs). Currently, there has been no analysis of contributing physiological factors to performance in this test. The study purpose was to determine the relationships between the 75 PR and tests of linear speed, change-of-direction (COD) speed, and lower-body power and strength. Forty-three subjects (21 men and 22 women) completed 2 testing days. Day 1 consisted of the 75 PR, and linear speed (5- and 20-m sprint intervals) and lower-body power (standing broad jump, best lateral jump regardless of leg) tests. Day 2 included the COD speed (Illinois agility test [IAT], best 505 regardless of leg), lower-body power (vertical jump [VJ]), and strength (isometric mid-thigh pull: peak force, normalized peak force [nPF]) tests. Pearson's (men and women) and partial (combined controlling for sex) correlations (p < 0.05) determined relationships between the 75 PR and the performance tests. Significant relationships were found between the 75 PR and the jump tests (r = −0.53 to −0.68), 20-m sprint interval, IAT, and 505 (r = 0.55–0.82) in men, and between the 75 PR and the jump tests, nPF (r = −0.56 to −0.79), sprint intervals, IAT, and 505 in women (r = 0.54–0.84). When sexes were combined, significant relationships were observed between the 75 PR and the jump tests, nPF (r = −0.41 to −0.67), sprint intervals, IAT, and 505 (r = 0.43–0.78). Prospective LEOs should develop linear and COD speed, lower-body power, and relative strength to improve foot pursuit ability.
To Measure Peak Velocity in Soccer, Let the Players Sprint
Authors: Kyprianou Efthymios , Di Salvo Valter , Lolli Lorenzo , Al Haddad Hani , Villanueva Alberto Mendez , Gregson Warren , Weston Matthew 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Kyprianou, E, Di Salvo, V, Lolli, L, Al Haddad, H, Villanueva, AM, Gregson, W, and Weston, M. To measure peak velocity in soccer, let the players sprint. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 273–276, 2022—Expressing externals loads relative to a player's individual capacities has potential to enhance understanding of dose-response. Peak velocity is an important metric for the individualization process and is usually measured during a sprint test. Recently, however, peak velocity was reported to be faster during soccer matches when compared with a 40-m sprint test. With the aim of developing the practice of individualized training prescription and match evaluation, we examined whether the aforementioned finding replicates in a group of elite youth soccer players across a broader range of soccer activities. To do this, we compared the peak velocities of 12 full-time male youth soccer players (age 16.3 ± 0.8 years) recorded during a 40-m sprint test with peak velocity recorded during their routine activities (matches, sprints, and skill-based conditioning drills: small-sided games [SSG], medium-sided games [MSG], large-sided games [LSG]). All activities were monitored with 10-Hz global positioning systems (Catapult Optimeye S5, version 7.32) with the highest speed attained during each activity retained as the instantaneous peak velocity. Interpretation of clear between-activity differences in peak velocity was based on nonoverlap of the 95% confidence intervals for the mean difference between activities with sprint testing. Peak velocity was clearly faster for the sprint test (8.76 ± 0.39 m·s−1) when compared with matches (7.94 ± 0.49 m·s−1), LSG (6.94 ± 0.65 m·s−1), MSG (6.40 ± 0.75 m·s−1), and SSG (5.25 ± 0.92 m·s−1), but not sprints (8.50 ± 0.36 m·s−1). Our data show the necessity for 40-m sprint testing to determine peak velocity.