bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age- and season-dependent pattern of flavonol glycosides in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine leaves
Authors: Bouderias Sakina , Teszlák Péter , Jakab Gábor , Kőrösi László 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFlavonols play key roles in many plant defense mechanisms, consequently they are frequently investigated as stress sensitive factors in relation to several oxidative processes. It is well known that grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) can synthesize various flavonol glycosides in the leaves, however, very little information is available regarding their distribution along the cane at different leaf levels. In this work, taking into consideration of leaf position, the main flavonol glycosides of a red grapevine cultivar (Cabernet Sauvignon) were profiled and quantified by HPLC–DAD analysis. It was found that amount of four flavonol glycosides, namely, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide decreased towards the shoot tip. Since leaf age also decreases towards the shoot tip, the obtained results suggest that these compounds continuously formed by leaf aging, resulting in their accumulation in the older leaves. In contrast, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (predominant form) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were not accumulated significantly by aging. We also pointed out that grapevine boosted the flavonol biosynthesis in September, and flavonol profile differed significantly in the two seasons. Our results contribute to the better understanding of the role of flavonols in the antioxidant defense system of grapevine.
Non-invasive screening for subclinical liver graft injury in adults via donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies
Authors: Höfer Anne , Jonigk Danny , Hartleben Björn , Verboom Murielle , Hallensleben Michael , Manns Michael P. , Jaeckel Elmar , Taubert Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe majority of liver grafts exhibit abnormal histological findings late after transplantation, even when liver enzymes are normal. Such subclinical graft injuries were associated with rejection and fibrosis progression in recent studies. The identification of non-invasive biomarkers for subclinical graft injury might help to individualize immunosuppression. Therefore, graft injury was assessed in 133 liver biopsies with normal/near normal liver enzymes from a prospective liver biopsy program. Cytokeratin-18 cell death marker (M65) and donor specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) were measured as non-invasive markers in paired plasma samples in addition to routine parameters. M65 was associated with subclinical graft injury but this association was too weak for reasonable clinical application. DSA positivity was associated with more graft inflammation (OR = 5.4) and more fibrosis (OR = 4.2). Absence of DSA excluded fibrosis in 87–89%, while presence of DSA excluded histological criteria for immunosuppression minimization attempts in 92–97%. While CK18 cell death marker had no diagnostic value for the detection of subclinical liver graft injury, DSA testing can help to preselect patients for immunosuppression reduction in case of DSA negativity, while DSA positivity should prompt elastography or liver biopsy for the assessment of subclinical graft injury.
Clinically relevant autistic traits predict greater reliance on detail for image recognition
Authors: Alink Arjen , Charest Ian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndividuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis are often described as having an eye for detail. But it remains to be shown that a detail-focused processing bias is a ubiquitous property of vision in individuals with ASD. To address this question, we investigated whether a greater number of autistic traits in neurotypical subjects is associated with an increased reliance on image details during a natural image recognition task. To this end, we use a novel reverse correlation-based method (feature diagnosticity mapping) for measuring the relative importance of low-level image features for object recognition. The main finding of this study is that image recognition in participants with an above-median number of autistic traits benefited more from the presence of high-spatial frequency image features. Furthermore, we found that this reliance-on-detail effect was best predicted by the presence of the most clinically relevant autistic traits. Therefore, our findings suggest that a greater number of autistic traits in neurotypical individuals is associated with a more detail-oriented visual information processing strategy and that this effect might generalize to a clinical ASD population.
An electrophysiological investigation on the emotion regulatory mechanisms of brief open monitoring meditation in novice non-meditators
Authors: Lin Yanli , Gloe Lilianne M. , Louis Courtney C. , Eckerle William D. , Fisher Megan E. , Moser Jason S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite a growing literature supporting the salutary effects of mindfulness meditation on emotion regulation, the underlying mechanisms linking neural and subjective changes occurring during the actual practice of meditation with emotion regulatory effects observed after meditation remains virtually unexplored. The current study sought to address this gap in knowledge by testing the hypothesis that adoption of internally-directed focused attention, indexed by increased alpha and theta spectral power, during brief open monitoring (OM) mindfulness meditation predicts reduced emotional reactivity, as measured by the late positive potential (LPP). Results revealed that the OM meditation did not produce demonstrable differences in alpha and theta power but did increase self-reported sleepiness relative to controls. Follow-up analyses showed that sleepiness uniquely moderated the effect of meditation on the LPP, such that less sleepiness during meditation, but not the control audio, corresponded to smaller LPPs to negative images. Change in theta, but not alpha power, between meditation and rest was positively correlated with the LPP even after controlling for sleepiness. Although the primary hypothesis was unsupported, the findings demonstrate that phenomenological and neural changes occurring during OM meditation may modulate its subsequent “off-the-cushion” effects on emotional reactivity.
Comparison of 68Ga-DOTANOC with 18F-FDG using PET/MRI imaging in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Naftalin Claire M. , Leek Francesca , Hallinan James T. P. D. , Khor Lih Kin , Totman John J. , Wang Jing , Wang Yee Tang , Paton Nicholas I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe compared the somatostatin analog radioligand, DOTANOC, with FDG, to determine whether there was increased detection of active or sub-clinical lesions in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with DOTANOC. Three groups were recruited: (1) active pulmonary TB; (2) IGRA-positive household TB contacts; (3) pneumonia (non-TB). DOTANOC PET/MRI followed by FDG PET/MRI was performed in active TB and pneumonia groups. TB contacts underwent FDG PET/MRI, then DOTANOC PET/MRI if abnormalities were detected. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed for total lung and individual lesions. Eight active TB participants, three TB contacts and three pneumonia patients had paired PET/MRI scans. In the active TB group, median SUVmax[FDG] for parenchymal lesions was 7.69 (range 3.00–15.88); median SUVmax[DOTANOC] was 2.59 (1.48–6.40). Regions of tracer uptake were fairly similar for both radioligands, albeit more diffusely distributed in the FDG scans. In TB contacts, two PET/MRIs had parenchymal lesions detected with FDG (SUVmax 5.50 and 1.82), with corresponding DOTANOC uptake < 1. FDG and DOTANOC uptake was similar in pneumonia patients (SUVmax[FDG] 4.17–6.18; SUVmax[DOTANOC] 2.92–4.78). DOTANOC can detect pulmonary TB lesions, but FDG is more sensitive for both active and sub-clinical lesions. FDG remains the preferred ligand for clinical studies, although DOTANOC may provide additional value for pathogenesis studies.
Species distribution models advance our knowledge of the Neanderthals’ paleoecology on the Iranian Plateau
Authors: Yousefi Masoud , Heydari-Guran Saman , Kafash Anooshe , Ghasidian Elham 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) were distributed across a vast region from Europe to western and Central Asia. The Neanderthals’ paleoecology and distribution has been extensively studied in Europe where the species originated. However, very little is known about their paleoecology in south-western Asia. Here, we employed species distribution modelling and 45 Middle Palaeolithic (c. 200,000–40,000 years BCE) sites location associated with fossil and/or lithic artefacts made by the Neanderthals to examine the expansion of the Neanderthals on the Iranian Plateau in south-western Asia. We estimated the niche overlap between Neanderthals and wild goat, wild sheep and Persian gazelle by modelling their past distribution using 200, 143 and 110 occurrence records respectively. The results show that Neanderthals had highest niche overlap with wild goat in the study area. This analysis revealed that the most suitable Neanderthals’ habitats in south-western Asia were located in the Zagros Mountains stretches from north-western and western and some isolated patches in the central parts of the Iranian Plateau. The annual precipitation and maximum temperature of the warmest month were the most important predictor of the species’ distribution. This finding shows that the southern edge of the Neanderthals distribution was limited by warm summer. Our results provide important information for future field investigations and excavations in the area.
Predictive factors and early biomarkers of response in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab
Authors: Dominguez-Mozo Maria Inmaculada , Perez-Perez Silvia , Villar Luisa María , Oliver-Martos Begoña , Villarrubia Noelia , Matesanz Fuencisla , Costa-Frossard Lucienne , Pinto-Medel María Jesús , García-Sánchez María Isabel , Ortega-Madueño Isabel , Lopez-Lozano Lorena , Garcia-Martinez Angel , Izquierdo Guillermo , Fernández Óscar , Álvarez-Cermeño Jose Carlos , Arroyo Rafael , Alvarez-Lafuente Roberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere are an increasing number of treatments available for multiple sclerosis (MS). The early identification of optimal responders to individual treatments is important to achieve individualized therapy. With this aim, we performed a multicenter retrospective longitudinal study including 186 MS patients treated with natalizumab who were followed for 2 years. We analyzed the following variables at recruitment: sex, current age, age at disease onset, disease duration, EDSS, number of T2 and Gd + lesions, IgG and IgM oligoclonal bands, HLA class II (DR, DRB, DQA, DQB, and DRB1*15:01), IgG and IgM antibody titers against human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and the antibody response to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) through the measurement of the anti-EBNA-1 and anti-VCA IgG titers, in relation to clinical response (no relapses or disability progression), and to NEDA-3 (no evidence of disease activity in terms of clinical response and no changes in MRI scans either) after 2-years follow-up. Baseline EDSS score, baseline EBNA-1 IgG titers and percentage change of HHV6 IgG titers between baseline and 6 month visits were significantly different in clinical responders and in NEDA-3 status (all of them remained significant in the multivariate analysis). We identified three variables for the early identification of natalizumab optimal responders in a rapid and cost-effective approach.
Aluminum electrolytes for Al dual-ion batteries
Authors: Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the search for sustainable energy storage systems, aluminum dual-ion batteries have recently attracted considerable attention due to their low cost, safety, high energy density (up to 70 kWh kg−1), energy efficiency (80–90%) and long cycling life (thousands of cycles and potentially more), which are needed attributes for grid-level stationary energy storage. Overall, such batteries are composed of aluminum foil as the anode and various types of carbonaceous and organic substances as the cathode, which are immersed in an aluminum electrolyte that supports efficient and dendrite-free aluminum electroplating/stripping upon cycling. Here, we review current research pursuits and present the limitations of aluminum electrolytes for aluminum dual-ion batteries. Particular emphasis is given to the aluminum plating/stripping mechanism in aluminum electrolytes, and its contribution to the total charge storage electrolyte capacity. To this end, we survey the prospects of these stationary storage systems, emphasizing the practical hurdles of aluminum electrolytes that remain to be addressed.
Highly scalable multicycle THz production with a homemade periodically poled macrocrystal
Authors: Lemery François , Vinatier Thomas , Mayet Frank , Aßmann Ralph , Baynard Elsa , Demailly Julien , Dorda Ulrich , Lucas Bruno , Pandey Alok-Kumar , Pittman Moana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe THz regime is widely appealing across many disciplines including solid-state physics, life sciences, and increasingly in particle acceleration. Multicycle THz pulses are typically formed via optical rectification in periodically poled crystals. However the manufacturing procedures of these crystals limit their apertures to below ~1 cm, which from damage limitations of the crystal, limits the total pump power which can be employed, and ultimately, the total THz power which can be produced. Here we report on the simple in-house fabrication of a periodically poled crystal using ~300 μm thick wafers. Each wafer is consecutively rotated by 180∘ to support quasi-phase matching. We validate the concept with a Joule-class laser system operating at 10 Hz and measure up to 1.3 mJ of energy at 160 GHz, corresponding to an average peak power of approximately 35 MW and a conversion efficiency of 0.14%. In addition, a redshifting of the pump spectrum of ~50 nm is measured. Our results indicate that high-power THz radiation can be produced with existing and future high-power lasers in a scalable way, setting a course toward multi-gigawatt multicycle THz pulses.
Nanofeatures affect the thermal transitions of polymer thin films: a microcantilever-based investigation
Authors: Lopes-Rodrigues Maximilien , Martí-Balleste Didac , Michaux Catherine , Perpète Eric A. , Puiggalí Jordi , Pérez-Madrigal Maria M. , Alemán Carlos 
Published: August 2020

Microcantilever-based technology has been used to study the influence of nanofeatures (i.e. nanopores, nanoperforations and segregated drug nanodomains) on the glass transition temperature and the cold crystallization temperature of PLA thin films.
Comparing and Predicting Public Attitudes Toward Stuttering, Obesity, and Mental Illness
Authors: St. Louis Kenneth O. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Extensive research on public attitudes has documented stigma toward stuttering, obesity, and mental illness; however, most studies have focused on only one of these conditions. This study sought to compare public attitudes toward stuttering, obesity, and mental illness as well as to identify the predictive potential of four ratings relating to these and other neutral or desirable conditions.

Method
Five hundred respondents who were selected from each of three international databases filled out the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes (POSHA) for stuttering, obesity, or mental illness. The POSHA surveys were as similar as possible, and all contained four general items asking respondents' “impression” of the attribute, extent to which he or she “wants to be/have” that attribute, “amount known” about the attribute, and “persons known” who manifest the attribute, for stuttering, obesity, and mental illness plus two others, namely, left-handedness and intelligence. The POSHA surveys also had the same summary scores, Beliefs, Self-Reactions, and an Overall Score.

Results
Summary scores for the three POSHA surveys in the 500-respondent samples revealed negative attitudes toward all three conditions, the most positive being toward obesity, followed by stuttering and then by mental illness. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that various general items had significant prediction potential not only of attitudes for the same condition but also of attitudes for other conditions. The greatest other condition predictions were between stuttering and mental illness.

Conclusions
Stuttering is regarded as less stigmatizing than mental illness but more stigmatizing than obesity. Additionally, positivity toward one condition results in limited positivity toward the others. Impressions and knowledge of—as well as experience with—stigmatized conditions can inform public awareness campaigns and individual clinical programs dealing with stigma.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12860939
Secondary Analysis of Reading-Based Activities Utilizing a Scripted Language Approach: Evaluating Interactions Between Students With Autism and Their Interventionists
Authors: Sparapani Nicole , Solari Emily , Towers Laurel , McIntyre Nancy , Henry Alyssa , Zajic Matthew 
Published: August 2020

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit challenges with reading development. Evidence-based interventions and specialized approaches to reading instruction are currently being implemented across educational contexts for learners with ASD (
Machalicek et al., 2008
), yet there is limited understanding of how core ASD features may impact effective delivery of instruction and student participation. We begin to address this need by evaluating the reciprocity between instructional talk and student participation within a reading intervention utilizing a scripted language approach that was being piloted on students with ASD.

Method

This study used archival video-recorded observations from the beginning of a reading intervention to examine the interactions between 20 students (18 boys, two girls) with ASD (7–11 years old,
M
= 9.10,
SD
= 1.74) and their interventionists (
n
= 7). Lag sequential analysis was used to examine the frequency of student initiations and responses following the interventionists' use of responsive, open-ended, closed-ended, and directive language.

Results
Findings describe the types of and illustrate the variability in interactions between students and their interventionists, as well as highlight language categories that are linked to student participation.

Conclusions
These data provide a snapshot of the nature and quality of interactions between students with ASD and their interventionists. Findings suggest that delivery of instruction, including the language that interventionists use, may be an important area of focus when evaluating the effectiveness of reading-based practices across educational settings for learners with ASD, even within the confines of highly structured interventions.
Labordiagnostik bei arterieller Hypertonie
Authors: Pilz Stefan , März Winfried 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie arterielle Hypertonie ist einer der wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für verlorene Lebensjahre und vorzeitige Todesfälle. Die Labordiagnostik ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Abklärung und Therapiesteuerung bei Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie. Sie ist erforderlich zur Charakterisierung des kardiovaskulären Risikos und hypertoniebedingter Endorganschäden, bei der Indikationsstellung sowie dem Therapiemonitoring der antihypertensiven Medikamente und zur Detektion sekundär endokriner Hypertonieformen. Internationale Richtlinien empfehlen einerseits ein Basislabor, welches bei allen Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie bestimmt werden sollte, sowie eine gezielte Labordiagnostik auf sekundär endokrine Hypertonie bei Patienten mit entsprechenden Risikofaktoren. Der primäre Hyperaldosteronismus (PHA) ist die häufigste sekundär endokrine Hypertonieform und ist im Vergleich zu primärer arterieller Hypertonie, selbst bei gleichen Blutdruckwerten, mit einem deutlich erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko verbunden. Es wird daher bei vielen Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie, besonders bei resistentem arteriellen Hypertonus, eine Abklärung auf einen PHA empfohlen. Der Screeningtest für den PHA ist die Bestimmung der Aldosteron-zu-Renin-Ratio bei laufender antihypertensiver Medikation. Auch an andere sekundär endokrine Hypertonieformen, wie z. B. das Phäochromozytom, sollte der Kliniker denken und sie bei klinischem Verdacht abklären, da man dadurch die Prognose der Patienten verbessern kann. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen kurzen Überblick darüber, wie Labordiagnostik bei Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie sinnvoll einzusetzen ist.
High rates of therapeutic changes in patients with psoriatic arthritis receiving treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Behrens Frank , Rech Jürgen , Thaçi Diamant , Zinke Silke , Rothnie Kieran J , (Oefner) Daamen Carolin , Leipe Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize treatment patterns for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) currently receiving any disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).MethodsThe Strategy for Psoriatic Arthritis In Germany (SPAIG) study was a retrospective observational study conducted from May to November 2017 at 46 rheumatology centers. Current and previous treatment data were collected at a single visit from adult patients with PsA and psoriasis who received DMARD treatment for ≥6 of the previous 12 months. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving a biologic DMARD (bDMARD). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between current characteristics and initial choice of therapy.ResultsMean age of the 316 patients was 55.1 years and mean PsA disease duration was 9.9 years. PsA activity was generally comparable across treatment groups. In this cohort, 57.3% of patients were currently treated with bDMARDs, 37.7% with conventional synthetic DMARDs, and 4.4% with targeted synthetic DMARDs. Almost half (48.4%) of patients reported DMARD modifications in the previous 12 months. Specific comorbidities and patient/disease characteristics were associated with initial therapy.ConclusionDMARD treatment of PsA is frequently modified, suggesting the need for more effective therapies and assessment tools.
Strain modulated carrier mobility and optical properties of graphene nanowiggles
Authors: Thakur Rajesh , Ahluwalia P K , Kumar Ashok , Sharma Raman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently, synthesized Chevron graphene nanoribbons (CGNRs) and its laterally extended counterpart known as extended CGNRs (ECGNR) are constructed by making alternated regular cuts in pristine graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). First-principles calculations demonstrate that these GNRs are super-ductile and possess width-dependent mechanical properties. The Young’s modulus is calculated to be 389.4 GPa and 414.6 GPa for CGNR and ECGNR, respectively. The bandgap of these nanoribbons decreases on the application of tensile strain. The carrier effective masses are found to be highly sensitive towards mechanical strains. The holes (electrons) mobility of ECGNR is calculated to be 7.68 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 (1.69 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1), which is higher than that of CGNR can be further enhanced by elongation. The prominent peaks of the imaginary part of dielectric function and electron energy loss spectra show redshift on increasing the tensile strain. The electron energy loss spectra show intense plasmonic structure in low energy spectrum indicating GNRs to be more sensitive to the visible region than ultra violet spectrum. Our results provide insight about the possible applications of GNRs in the fields of high-speed transistors, sensors, photonics, and optoelectronics.