bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal change in arterial stiffness after delivery in women with preeclampsia and normotension: a prospective cohort study
Authors: KIM Sehun , LIM Hyun Ja , KIM Jeung-Ran , OH Kyung Joon , HONG Joon-Seok , Suh Jung-Won 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia is associated with increased arterial stiffness during pregnancy. However, data on the longitudinal change in arterial stiffness after delivery in women with preeclampsia are lacking. In this pilot study, we aimed to examine the longitudinal change in arterial stiffness using the cardio-ankle vascular index after delivery in women with preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. Methods: We enrolled pregnant women with preeclampsia (n=37) and normotension (n=36) who gave birth at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between March 2013 and May 2016, and followed-up at day 1, 6 months, and 12 months after delivery. The longitudinal change in the cardio-ankle vascular index and other variables (blood pressure, lipid profiles, serum creatinine, and liver enzymes) were compared between the two groups using the mixed-effects model, and interactions among the main predictors were examined. Results: The longitudinal change in the cardio-ankle vascular index did not significantly differ between the two groups (β=0.11, 95% CI: -0.31–0.54, p=0.60). Predictors of the longitudinal change in the cardio-ankle vascular index included age, time since delivery, body mass index, and diabetes mellitus. Women with preeclampsia showed significantly elevated blood pressure, lipid profiles, serum creatinine, and liver enzymes compared to women with normotension over the course of one year of follow-up. Conclusions: Preeclampsia is associated with unfavorable blood pressure and metabolic indices after delivery. However, we found no difference in the longitudinal change in arterial stiffness between women with preeclampsia and normotension over the course of one year after delivery. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on October 29, 2019 (NCT04142268).
Uptake of routine vitamin A supplementation for children in Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassa Getnet , Mesfin Addisalem , Gebremedhin Samson 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In low- and middle-income countries routine vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is a key strategy for reducing vitamin A deficiency and mortality and morbidity of preschool children. However, in Ethiopia, there is paucity of evidence regarding the level and determinants of the uptake of the supplement. This study was designed to assess the coverage and predictors of VAS among preschool children in Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2016. A total of 840 mothers/caregivers having children 6-59 months of age were selected using multistage cluster sampling technique from six rural villages implementing routine VAS program. Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire. Possible predictors considered in the study include distance from the nearby health facility, household socio-economic status, type of the household (model vs non-model), maternal access to health education on VAS, and knowledge on vitamin A and VAS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of uptake of VAS. The outputs are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The coverage of VAS was 75.0% (95% CI: 72.1-77.9). Better knowledge of mothers about the importance of the supplement (AOR: 1.49, 1.02-2.17), obtaining VAS related information from frontline community health workers (AOR: 1.51, 1.34-2.72) than health professionals and being from households in the “rich” wealth tertile (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.07-3.03) were positively associated with uptake VAS. Conclusion: The VAS coverage of the area was approaching the expected national target of 80%. However, the uptake can be enhanced though awareness creation and improving socio-economic status of the community.
A systematic review of active group-based dance, singing, music therapy and theatrical interventions for quality of life, functional communication, speech, motor function and cognitive status in people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Barnish Maxwell S , Barran Susannah M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition associated with a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. There has been increasing interest in the potential benefit of performing arts as a therapeutic medium in PD. While there have been previous reviews, none have considered all performing arts modalities and most have focused on dance. This systematic review examined the potential benefit of all active group-based performing arts interventions for quality of life, functional communication, speech, motor function and cognitive status. Methods: Searches were conducted in February 2020 on five scholarly databases. Supplementary searches were conducted. Included studies were quantitative in design, and assessed the potential benefit of any active group-based performing arts intervention for quality of life, functional communication, speech, motor function or cognitive status in people with PD. Full text papers were eligible for inclusion, as were conference abstracts since January 2018. Screening, data extraction, narrative synthesis and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Quality assessment used the SURE checklists. Results: 56 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review, reported in 67 publications. Published from 1989 to 2020, these studies included a total of 1531 people with PD from 12 countries, and covered four broad performing arts modalities: dance, singing, music therapy and theatre. Dance remains the most commonly studied performing arts modality for PD (38 studies), while there were 12 studies on singing interventions, four on music therapy, and only two on theatrical interventions. There was evidence for a beneficial effect of all four performing arts modalities on at least some outcome domains. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review to assess the potential benefit of all active group-based performing arts interventions in PD. The evidence suggests that performing arts may be a useful therapeutic medium in PD. However, a substantial limitation of the evidence base is that no studies compared interventions from different performing arts modalities. Moreover, not all performing arts modalities were assessed for all outcome domains. Therefore it is not currently possible to determine which performing arts modalities are most beneficial for which specific outcomes.
Two-step Seismic Noise Reduction caused by COVID-19 Induced Reduction in Social Activity in metropolitan Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Yabe Suguru , Imanishi Kazutoshi , Nishida Kiwamu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that started at the end of 2019 forced populations around the world to reduce social and economic activities; it is believed that this can prevent the spread of the disease. In this paper, we report an analysis of the seismic noise during such an induced social activity reduction in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. Using seismic data obtained from 18 stations in the Metropolitan Seismic Observation Network (MeSO-net), a two-step seismic noise reduction was observed during the timeline of COVID-19 in Tokyo. The first noise reduction occurred at the beginning of March 2020 in the frequency band of 20–40 Hz. This corresponded with the request by the Prime Minister of Japan for a nationwide shutdown of schools. Although social activity was not reduced significantly at this juncture, local reduction of seismic wave excitation in the high frequency band, 20–40 Hz, was recorded at some MeSO-net stations located in school properties. The second reduction of seismic noise occurred at the end of March to the beginning of April 2020 in a wider frequency band including lower frequency bands of 1–20 Hz. This timing corresponds to when the Governors of the Tokyo metropolitan area requested citizens to stay home and when the state of emergency was declared for the Tokyo metropolitan area by the government, respectively. Since then, the estimated population at train stations abruptly dropped, which suggests that social activity was severely reduced. Such large-scale changes in social activity affect the seismic noise level in low frequency bands. The seismic noise level started to increase from the middle of May correlating with increase in population at the train stations. This suggests that social activity restarted even before the state of emergency was lifted at the end of May. The two-step seismic noise reduction observed in this study has not been reported in other cities around the world. Unexpected reduction of social activity due to COVID-19 provided a rare opportunity to investigate the characteristics of seismic noise caused by human activities.
Frailty, delirium and hospital mortality of older adults admitted to intensive care: the Delirium (Deli) in ICU study.
Authors: Sanchez David , Brennan Kathleen , Safye Masar El , Shunker Sharon-Ann , Bogdanoski Tony , Hedges Sonja , Hou Yu Chin , Lynch Joan M , Hunt Leanne , Alexandrou Evan , Saxena Manoj , Abel Simon , Lakshmanan Ramanathan , Bhonagiri Deepak , Parr Michael J. , Aneman Anders , Chroinin Danielle Ni , Hillman Kenneth M. , Frost Steven Alfred 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: As the population ages clinical frailty among older adults admitted to intensive care has been proposed as an important determinant of patient outcomes. Among this group of patients an acute episode of delirium is also common, but its relationship to frailty and increased risk of mortality has not been extensively explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between clinical frailty, delirium and hospital mortality of older adults admitted to intensive care.Methods: This study is part of a Delirium in Intensive Care (Deli) study that is being conducted across the SWSLHD between May 1st 2019 and the end of April 2020. During the initial 6-month baseline period, clinical frailty status on admission to intensive care, among adults aged 50-years or more, acute episodes of delirium, and the outcomes of intensive care and hospital stay will be described.Results: During the 6-month baseline period 997 patients, aged 50-years or more, were included in this study. The average age was 71-years (IQR, 63-79), 55% were male (n = 537). Among these patients 39.2% (95% CI 36.1 – 42.3%, n = 396) had a Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) of 5 or more, and 13.0% (n=127) had at least one acute episode of delirium. Frail patients were at greater risk of an episode of delirium (17% versus 10%, adjusted Rate Ratio (adjRR) = 1.71, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.20 – 2.43, p = 0.003), had a longer hospital stay (2.6 days, 95% CI 1-7 days, p = 0.009), and higher risk of hospital mortality (19% versus 7%, adjRR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.72 – 3.75, p < 0.001), when compared to non-frail patients. Patients who were frail and experienced an acute episode of delirium in the intensive care had a 35% rate of hospital mortality, versus 10% among non-frail patients who also experienced delirium in the ICU.Conclusion: We have been able to show that among older frail admissions to intensive care, not just delirium, but hospital mortality is high. Importantly, we have found that approximately one in three frail patients who experienced an acute episode of delirium during their stay in the intensive care did not survive to hospital discharge. These results suggest the importance of recognising clinical frailty in the intensive care setting, not just to improve the prediction of outcomes from critical illness, but to identify patients at the greatest risk of adverse events such as delirium, and institute measures to reduce risk, and, importantly to discuss these issues in an open and empathetic way with the patient and their families.
Finite Element Analysis of the Size Effect of Vertebral Implant with Honeycomb Sandwich Structure
Authors: Guo Yuan , Liu Jing , Zhang Xushu , Xing zejun , Chen weiyi , Huang Di 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Because of osteoporosis, traffic accidents, falling from high places and other reasons, the vertebral body could be compressed injury, even collapse. Vertebral implant can be used for clinical treatment. Because of the advantages of honeycomb sandwich structure, such as low cost, less material, light weight, high strength, and good cushioning performance, honeycomb sandwich structure was used as the basic structure of vertebral implant.Methods: In this paper, we applied the orthogonal experiment method to analyze the size effect of honeycomb sandwich structure by finite element method. Based on the minimum requirements of three indexes of peak stress, axial displacement, and anterior-posterior displacement, the optimal structure size was determined. Further, through local optimization of the overall structure of the implant, we designed better honeycomb sandwich structure vertebral implant.Results: The optimal structure size combination is determined as the face sheets thickness 1mm, wall thickness 0.49mm, cell side length 1mm, height 6mm. Than through local optimization, the peak stress is further reduced, the overall stress distribution is uniform, and the deformation is reduced. The optimized peak stress decreases to 1.041MPa, the axial deformation is 0.111%, and the anterior-posterior deformation is 0.014%. The honeycomb sandwich structure vertebral implant with stable structure and good mechanical performance was designed.Conclusions: The research result provides a method for the optimal design of vertebral body implant structures, as well as provides a new idea and biomechanical basis for clinical treatment after vertebral body injury.
Inhibiting DDX3X Triggers Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Response and Enhances Anti-Tumor Immunity
Authors: Choi Hyeongjwa , Kwon Juntae , Sun Jiafang , Cho Min Soon , Sun Yifan , Casey John L , Toretsky Jeffrey , Han Cecil 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) induce antiviral innate immune responses in human normal and malignant cancer cells. However, it is not fully understood how endogenous ‘self’ dsRNA homeostasis is regulated in the cell. Here, we show that an RNA-binding protein, DEAD-box RNA helicase 3X (DDX3X), prevents the aberrant accumulation of cellular dsRNAs. Loss of DDX3X induces dsRNA sensor-mediated type I interferon signaling and innate immune response in breast cancer cells due to abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation of dsRNAs. Dual depletion of DDX3X and a dsRNA-editing protein, ADAR1 synergistically activates the cytosolic dsRNA pathway in the breast cancer cells. Moreover, inhibiting DDX3X enhances the antitumor activity by increasing tumor intrinsic-type I interferon response, antigen presentation, and tumor-infiltration of cytotoxic T cells as well as dendritic cells in breast tumors, which may lead to the development of breast cancer therapy by targeting DDX3X in combination with immune checkpoint blockade.
Addressing the Contribution of Indirect Potable Reuse to Inland Freshwater Salinization
Authors: Bhide Shantanu , Grant Stanley , Parker Emily , Rippy Megan , Godrej Adil , Kaushal Sujay , Prelewicz Greg , Saji Niffy , Curtis Shannon , Vikesland Peter , Maile-Moskowitz Ayella , Edwards Marc , Lopez Kathryn , Birkland Thomas , Schenk Todd 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Inland freshwater salinity is on the rise in many regions across the globe—a phenomenon called the freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS). In this paper we investigate a potential conflict between managing the FSS and indirect potable reuse, the practice of augmenting water supplies through the addition of reclaimed wastewater to surface waters and groundwaters. From time-series data collected over the past 25 years, we quantify the contributions of three salinity sources—a wastewater reclamation facility and two rapidly urbanizing watersheds—to the rising concentration of sodium (a major ion associated with the FSS) in a regionally important drinking water reservoir in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Sodium mass loading to the reservoir is primarily from watershed runoff during wet weather periods and reclaimed wastewater during dry weather periods. Across all timescales evaluated, sodium concentration in the reclaimed wastewater is higher than in outflow from the two watersheds. Sodium in reclaimed wastewater originates from chemicals added during wastewater treatment, industrial and commercial discharges, human excretion, and down drain disposal of drinking water and sodium-rich household products. Thus, numerous opportunities exist to reduce the contribution of indirect potable reuse to sodium pollution at this site, and the FSS more generally. On the ground implementation will require deliberative engagement with a diverse community of watershed stakeholders and careful consideration of the local political, social, and environmental context.
Effect of mass transfer channels on flexural strength of C/SiC composites fabricated by femtosecond laser assisted CVI method with optimized laser power
Authors: Wang Jing , Cao Liyang , Zhang Yunhai , Liu Yongsheng , Fang Hui , Chen Jie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, femtosecond laser assisted-chemical vapor infiltration (LA-CVI) was employed to produce C/SiC composites with 1, 3, and 5 rows of mass transfer channels. The effects of laser machining power on the quality of produced holes were investigated. The results showed that the increase in power yielded complete hole structures. The as-obtained C/SiC composites with different mass transfer channels displayed higher densification degrees with flexural strengths reaching 546±15 MPa for row mass transfer channel of 3. The strengthening mechanism of the composites was linked to the increase in densification and formation of “dense band” during LA-CVI process. Multiphysics finite element simulations of the dense band and density gradient of LA-CVI C/SiC composites revealed C/SiC composites with improved densification and lower porosity due to the formation of “dense band” during LA-CVI process. In sum, LA-CVI method looks promising for future preparation of ceramic matrix composites with high densities.
Four Year Results of a School-Based Anti-Smoking Intervention : The “PEPITES” Cluster Randomized Trial.
Authors: VIEIRA Stéphanie , LAMBERT Céline , CHERUEL Fabrice , PEREIRA Bruno , SANCHO-GARNIER Hélène 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background PEPITES is an interventional research study, using a cluster-randomized design to assess the effectiveness of interventions both in reducing the tobacco initiation rate and the regular smoking rate of secondary school pupils.Methods The regional National Education authority designated 6 state secondary schools for the PEPITES trial. The 6 schools were randomly allocated to 2 groups: 1 control group (2 clusters), 1 intervention group (4 clusters) with 2 workshops per year during a 4 year period. The interventions targeted the variables of the Theory of Planned Behaviors and the reinforcement of psycho-social competencies. The 2 principal outcomes for the PEPITES trial were: the prevalence of pupils having experimented tobacco smoking at the end of years 2, 3 and 4, and the prevalence of regular cigarette smokers at the end of years 2, 3 and 4. The process was also evaluated. To compare the evolution of smoking experimentation over time in the two randomization groups, generalized linear mixed models with logit link function were used, considering the school and student as random effects.Results Globally, over time and regardless of the method of experimentation, the increase in the rate of pupils experimenting is slower in the intervention group than in the control group. The difference between the two groups during this period becomes significant (p=0.03) at the end of 9th grade. Concerning confirmed smokers, we note a slower but not significant increase in the percentage of cigarette smokers in the intervention group. For those who are smoking every day, no increase was noted in the intervention group, whereas a 2.8% increase was noted in the control group at the end of 9th grade.Conclusions The implementation of effective tobacco prevention actions in schools is important, as part of a programmed pathway from nursery school right through to high school. The implementation of the addictions plan for 2018-2020 should contribute to this policy but should rely on programs which have already proven to be effective in the medium and long term like this study.Trial Registration ISRCTN85812512. Retrospectively registered 15 May 2018.
Eight-year Retrospective Analysis of Malaria Trends in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia (2012-2019)
Authors: Belete Eshetu Molla , Behaksra Sinknesh Wolde , Tadesse Fitsum G , A Sisay Dugassa , Belachew Endalamaw Gadisa , Idrees Hassen Mamo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Informed decision making is underlined by all level of the tiers in the health system. Poor data record system coupled with under- (over)-reporting of malaria cases affects the country’s elimination activities. Thus, malaria data at health facilities and health offices are important particularly to monitor and evaluate malaria elimination progresses. This study was intended to assess overall reported malaria cases, spatiotemporal trends and factors associated in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia, and compare malaria case reports by the health centers and health offices.Methods: Past eight years retrospective data stored in 17 health centers and 5 district health offices in Gedeo Zone were extracted. Malaria cases data at each health center with sociodemographic information, between 2012 and 2019, were included. Meteorological data were obtained from the national meteorology agency. The data were analyzed using Stata 13.Results: A total of 485,414 clinical suspects were examined for malaria during the previous 8 years at health centers. Of these suspects, 57,228 (11.79%) were confirmed malaria cases. We noted, an overall under reporting of malaria, 3,758 clinical suspects and 467 confirmed malaria cases were not captured at the health offices level. Based on the health centers records, Plasmodium falciparum (49.74%) was slightly higher (p = 0.795) than P. vivax (47.59%). The majority of cases were found in adults (≥15 years of age) that accounted for 11.47% of confirmed malaria cases (p < 0.0001). There was high spatiotemporal variation: highest cases record was during autumn (12.55%) (p < 0.0001) and, the highest (18,150, 13.17%)) and lowest (5,187 (10.44%)) malaria cases were reported from Dilla town and Yirgacheffe rural district, respectively (p = 0.0002). Monthly rainfall and minimum temperature exhibited strong positive associations with the number of confirmed malaria cases.Conclusion: A notable decline in malaria cases was observed over the eight-year period. Both P. falciparum and P. vivax co-exist; hence, control measures should continue targeting both species. The high malaria burden in urban (Dilla town) and suburban (Dilla zuria district) settings and autumn season need spatiotemporal consideration by the elimination program.