bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
تحليل تأثير تقلبات أسعار النفط الخام في السوق الدولية على الايرادات العامة في الاقتصاد العراقي للفتره من (2003- 2015)
Authors: يوسف التميمي علـــي ثجيل , الكاظمي النجفي أبادي مصطفى 
Published: May 2020

مـــــلخص
ان اعتماد الاقتصاد العراقي على ايرادات النفط ليس بالأمر الجديد وانما النفط يمثل عصب الحياة للاقتصاد الوطني والمصدر المهم والاهم في توليد الدخل القومي هذا من جه ومن جهه اخرى هو المصدر الرئيسي والاساسي لا بديل له في توفير العمله الاجنبيه الضروريه في تمويل الاستيرادات كما ان النفط بقى أحد العوامل الرئيسيه والمهمه في تقدم العراق وأستقراره السياسي والأجتماعي وأن هدف الدراسه تحليل تغيرات اسعار النفط يمكن ان يكون له اثر سلبيا على الاستهلاك والاستثمار والبطاله فأن حدوث ارتفاع دائم ومستمر في اسعار النفط قد يكون سببا في تغير الهيكل الانتاجي ويؤدي ذلك الى اثارعميقه في الاستقرار الاقتصادي .
أما مشكلة الدراسه يعاني القطاع النفطي العراقي من تخلف واسع من وجود مشكلات متعدده واهمها انه تابع للاقتصاد العالمي وتداعيته وازماته المتكرره وذلك لكون الاقتصاد العراقي في واقعه اقتصاديا ريعيا حيث تمكنت السياسه النفطيه خلال العقود الماضيه من تجاوزها . أما اهمية الدراسه تكمن من اهمية القطاع النفطي في حاضر الاقتصاد العراقي من خلال الحصول على عوائد ماليه ( ايرادات ) تؤكد استمرار اقتصاد العراق الحصول على العائدات النفطيه مع وجود سياسه نفطيه ناجحه لحل كل المشاكل وبناء قطاع نفطي ناجح . وان اهم النتيجه للدراسه أعتماد الاقتصاد العراقي على قطاع النفط والعوائد المتحققه منه جعل جميع القطاعات الاقتصاديه تعتمد في درجة تطورها على هذا المورد الطبيعي وذلك هيمنة الريعيه على الاقتصاد العراقي مع بداية التخطيط الاقتصادي واستمرت الى الان والمستقبل وذلك مادامت العوائد النفطيه هي التي تغذي الانفاق الحكومي المتزايد .
Serum Creatine Kinase Muscle-Brain Fraction (CK-MB) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) as Markers of Perinatal Asphyxia in Term Neonates
Authors: Kanodia Piush , Shrestha Sudesh , Gautam Santosh , Chawla Sachin 
Published: May 2020

Background: The enzymes CK-MB & LDH are used as potential predictors of timing and grade of HIE in newborns with perinatal asphyxia.
Objectives: To differentiate HIE neonates from non-HIE ones on the basis of significant rise of LDH & CK-MB.
Methodology: Prospective cross-sectional analytical study. Among 164 newborns, 82 comprising the cases and 82 neonates comprising the controls met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The umbilical cord blood samples for CK-MB and LDH was drawn and sent for analysis. A serum CK-MB value >92.6 U/L and LDH value >580 U/L was taken as the cut-off level. Descriptive statistical analyses were done to find the significance between two groups. ROC Curve analysis was performed to find the diagnostic performance of CK-MB and LDH.
Results: Out of total 164 neonates studied, 18.3% had moderate HIE & 11%had severe HIE while 56.1%had No HIE. Seventy-two newborns were found to have LDH levels >580 U/L out of which 71 were in case group and 1 was in control group. Among the 164 neonates studied, 7.9% from case group were found to have CK-MB levels >92.6 U/L. Both the results of LDH & CK-MB levels were very significant with P value <0.001. Area under ROC (Receiving operating Characteristic) value of LDH when compared to CK-MB is (0.978 vs. 0.731).
Conclusion: Estimation of CK-MB and LDH enzymes can help to distinguish asphyxiated from non-asphyxiated term neonates when correlating with their history and clinical features.
Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Fracture – A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Mahat Arun Kumar , Gurung Gopal , Shrestha Merina , Chaudhary Bishwanath 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Maxillofacial trauma is the most common problem seen by maxillofacial surgeons in Nepal. The causes of facial fractures are road traffic accidents (RTA), assaults, falls, gunshot wounds, domestic violence, sports and work injuries. Maxillofacial injury varies from soft tissue injury to facial bone fractures. This study was conducted to assess the burden of maxillofacial trauma in mid-western and far-western regions of Nepal.
Material and Method: Patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted in dental ward of NGMCTH, Kohalpur, from April 2017 to April 2019 were included in the study. Patients having soft tissue injury without facial bone fractures and OPD cases were excluded from the study. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, associated soft tissue injury, accompanying injuries to other parts of body and facial bone fractures were recorded. Patient were treated by open reduction internal fixation or lateral compression splint with circum-mandibular wiring or managed conservatively as necessary.
Result: A total of 87 patients were included in the study. The age of patient ranged from 2 years to 67 years with a mean of 26.87 years. Most of the injuries occurred between the age group of 20-29 years with male: female ratio 5.2:1. The most frequent cause of facial bone fracture was RTA (51.7%) and the most frequently fractured facial bone was mandible. Contusion 54(49.5%) was the most common associated soft tissue injury. Head injury 20(52.6%) was the most common accompanying injury to other parts of body. The mean duration of hospital stay was 6.29.
Conclusion: Male patient in their third decade mostly had mandible fracture due to road traffic accident. Head injury was the most common accompanying injury. Contusion was the most common type of associated soft tissue injury.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: BK Shyam Kumar , Bassi S.D. , Sah Alok Kumar , Acharya Devendra 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The Aim of this study to assess and analyze the echocardiographic changes in chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
Material and methods: We Performed Prospective study of echocardiographic changes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at our institute. We performed M-mode echocardiography in 80 CKD patients without obvious clinical evidence of coronary artery disease, Valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease. Data was collected from November 2018 to Nov 2019.
Results: 80 Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis were included in our study, out of them Echocardiography finding shown LV dilation and diastolic dysfunction in 39 (48.75%), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 41 (51.25%), systolic dysfunction and pericardial effusion in 22 (27.5%) and 11 (13.75%) patients respectively. RWMA was present in 10% and Valvular calcification was seen in 5 patients. In sub-group of patients with Hb<10 gm%, LVH was present in 32 (78.05%) vs 9 (21.95%) in patient group with Hb ≥ 10 gm% (p <0.01). Other Sub Group of Patients with BP > 140/90mmhg, LVH Was Present in 34 (82.92%) vs 7 (17.08%) in patients group with BP< 140/90 mm hg (p=0.02). In both sub group p value for systolic dysfunction, RWMA & pericardial effusion is statistically not significant.
Conclusion: LV diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy were most common echocardiographic findings. There was statistically significant correlation between anemia and presence of LVH and positive correlation between presence of hypertension and LVH.
Comparative study between the use of St. Thomas' II cardioplegia and del Nido cardioplegia in patients who underwent open-heart surgery
Authors: Vaidya Satish , Adhikari Asit Baran , Karmacharya Robin , Rai Karan 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims: Cardioplegia is used to arrest the heart after the application of an aortic cross-clamp that interrupts the coronary circulation. Commonly used St. Thomas’II cardioplegic solution has to be repeated at short intervals, which may cause additional myocardial injury. So, this study is done to determine whether del Nido (DN) cardioplegia, which has a longer duration of arrest with a single dose, provides equivalent or better myocardial protection as compared to St. Thomas’ II Cardioplegia.
Methods: A prospective observational study was done among 100 patients who underwent open-heart surgery with myocardial protection, between September 2016 to August 2018 in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh. Patients were divided into two groups, group A (n=50) for del Nido cardioplegic and group B (n=50) for St. Thomas’ II cardioplegia. We compared the amount of cardioplegic solution, Aortic cross-clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, ischemic time, arrhythmia, spontaneous sinus rhythm after declamping, intraoperative DC shock requirement, postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, serum potassium level, low cardiac output, cardiac Troponin level I and CK-MB release after 12 hours and 24 hours, presence of myocardial infarction and death.
Results: The per-operative variable suggested spontaneous activity during a cardiac arrest was 2% in del Nido and 14% in St. Thomas’ II group (p=0.044). Similarly, during intraoperative phase spontaneous restoration of cardiac activity after the procedure in del Nido was 2.90 ± 1.16 minutes and in St. Thomas’ II was 1.8 ± 0.615 minutes (p=0.001). However total bypass time and ischemic time were not significant. During the postoperative period, Troponin I and CKMB were measured at 12 hours and 24 hours which were not statistically different in two groups. Postoperatively, low output syndrome was seen among 3 patients in del Nido Group and 4 patients in St. Thomas’ II group (p-value=0.341).
Conclusion: This study showed with the use of del Nido cardioplegia provides equivalent myocardial protection to St. Thomas’ II cardioplegia, with the use of only single-dose cardioplegia.
Índice de manejo quirúrgico en pacientes con cáncer ginecológico durante la pandemia por Covid-19: Propuesta para instituciones y profesionales en ginecología oncológica
Authors: Rodriguez Gallego Alexander , Puentes Puentes Luis Orlando , Mendoza  Quevedo Jairo , Valencia Franco Marcela 
Published: May 2020

The world is experiencing a coronavirus pandemic called SARS-COV-2 which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). This has led to a collapse in health systems, making the management of other diseases a challenge. Similarly, the presence of this disease generates many doubts for oncological groups regarding the provision of standard treatments, which should be carried out as soon as possible, in order to ensure better oncological outcomes.
We propose the creation of an index (COVID 19 Cancer Index) taking into account clinical and epidemiological variables and the availability of hospital resources, which are useful for decision making and determining the best treatment for a patient with confirmed or strongly suspected gynecological neoplasia.
Analisis Keranjang Belanja dengan Algoritma Apriori Klasik pada Data Mining
Authors: Putra Tri Dharma 
Published: May 2020

Association Rule Mining is an area of data mining that focus on pruning candidate keys, to find frequent item set. For example, a set of items, such as milk and bread, that appear frequently together in a transaction data set is a frequent itemset. A subsequence, such as buying first PC, then a digital camera, and then a memory card, if it occurs frequently in a shopping history database, is a (frequent) sequential pattern, also knwon as market basket analysis. This paper describes the step by step classical apriori on market basket analysis.
Keywords: apriori algorithm, frequent item set, market basket analysis, association rule
Abstrak
Penambangan Aturan Asosiasi adalah area data mining yang fokus pada pemangkasan kunci kandidat, untuk menemukan frequent itemset. Sebagai contoh, satu set item, misalnya susu dan roti, yang muncul sering bersama-sama di set data transaksi adalah frequent itemset. Berikutnya, pelanggan, misalnya membeli PC dahulu, lalu kamera digital, lalu kartu memori, jika ini sering terjadi dalam riwayat basisdata belanja, adalah pola sekuensial berurutan (sering), juga dikenal sebagai analisis keranjang belanja. Tulisan ini menjelaskan langkah demi langkah algoritma apriori klasik pada analisis keranjang belanja.
Kata kunci: algoritma apriori, frequent itemset, analisis keranjang belanja, aturan asosiasi
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Antituberkulosis (OAT) Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru di Puskesmas Kediri Lombok Barat Tahun 2018.
Authors: Qiyaam Nurul , Furqani Nur , Hartanti Dara Junia 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAKTuberkulosis (TB) ialah suatu penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan OAT dan mengevaluasi kesesuaian penggunaan OAT berdasarkan Pedoman Penanggulangan Nasional Tuberkulosis tahun 2014 dari Kementerian Kesehatan RI dan mengetahui hubungan antara hasil pengobatan dengan jenis kelamin, umur, lama pengobatan dan banyaknya penyakit penyerta kronik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian noneksperimental dengan jenis penelitian deskriptifanalitik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif pada pencatatan rekam medis pasien dan form daftar penyakit tuberkulosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 100% pasien di puskesmas tersebut diberikan OAT jenis KDT (kombinasi dosis tetap), diperoleh hasil untuk paduan pengobatan kategori 1 memenuhi 100% dan kategori 2 memenuhi 100%, untuk indikasi dan dosis mencapai 100% kesesuaian. Kata kunci : Obat Anti Tuberculosis (OAT); Tuberkulosis paru. ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to determine patterns of use of OAT and evaluate the suitability of the use of OAT based on the 2014 National Tuberculosis Control Guidelines from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and know the relationship between treatment outcomes with sex, age, duration of treatment and the number of chronic comorbidities. This research is a non-experimental research with descriptive analytic research. Data collection was done retrospectively on the recording of patient medical records and tuberculosis disease register forms. The results showed that 100% of patients at the puskesmas were given KDT type OAT (fixed-dose combination), the results obtained for category 1 treatment alloys met 100% and category 2 met 100%, for indications and doses reached 100% compliance. Keywords : Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT); Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Imunisasi Vaksin Measles Rubella (MR) di UPT Blud Puskesmas Gunungsari Periode Agustus 2019
Authors: Fitriana Yuli , Furqani Nur , Ulfa Siti Maryam 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAKCampak dan Rubella merupakan penyakit infeksi menular melalui saluran nafas yang disebabkan oleh virus Campak dan Rubella.Batuk dan bersin dapat menjadi jalur masuknya virus campak maupun rubella. Pengetahuan vaksin MR adalah kombinasi vaksin Campak/Measles (M) dan Rubella (R) untuk perlindungan terhadap kedua penyakit tersebut Campak dan rubella merupakan jenis penyakit yang tidak dapat di obati (virus penyebab penyakit tidak dapat dibunuh), maka imunisasi MR ini adalah pencegahan terbaik bagi keduanya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi vaksin measles rubella (MR) di UPT BLUD puskesmas gunungsari periode 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan mengambil data secara cross sectional, populasi sebanyak 458, diperoleh sampel sebanyak 82 responden yang dipilih secara purposive sampling mengunakan data primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi vaksin measles rubella yaitu 58,8%. Kata kunci :Tingkat Pengetahuan; Imunisasi; Masles Rubella ; Puskesmas. ABSTRACTMeasles and Rubella are infectious diseases transmitted through the airways caused by the Measles and Rubella viruses. Coughing and sneezing can be a pathway for measles and rubella viruses. Knowledge MR vaccine is a combination of Measles (M) and Rubella (R) vaccines for protection against both The disease Measles and rubella are types of diseases that can not be treated (the virus that causes the disease can not be killed), then MR immunization is the best prevention for both. The purpose of this research is to find out the description of mothers' knowledge about immunization Measles Rubella (MR) vaccine in UPT BLUD puskesmas gunungsari period 2019. This research is a descriptive observational study by taking cross sectional data, a population of 458, obtained a sample of 82 respondents selected by purposive sampling using primary data. The results showed that the level of knowledge of mothers about measles rubella vaccine immunization was 58.8%. Keywords : Knowledge Level; Immunization; Masles Rubella ; Puskesmas
Algoritma Backpropagation Prediksi Harga Komoditi terhadap Karakteristik Konsumen Produk Kopi Lokal Nasional
Authors: Indrayati Sijabat Petti , Yuhandri Yuhandri , Widi Nurcahyo Gunadi , Sindar Anita 
Published: May 2020

Kopi bagian penting dari komoditi pasar nasional maupun internasional. Secara nasional jenis kopi lokal beragam sesuai nama daerah penghasil mengalami naik turun harga Perlu perencanaan teknologi untuk mengetahui harga kopi ke depan. Peramalan atau prediksi dalam ilmu komputer berkaitan dengan perkiraan berkala produksi, penawaran dan permintaan pada masa tertentu menggunakan alat ukur yang akurat dan teruji. Metode Backpropagation digunakan untuk prediksi harga. Proses algoritma backpropagation antara lain input data, melakukan tahap normalisasi /transformasi data, iterasi, pelatihan dan menentukan parameter jaringan, kalkulasi error, mendapatkan hasil prediksi. Perancangan arsitektur JST, dilakukan penentuan jumlah layer pada lapisan input, lapisan tersembunyi dan lapisan output. Penelitian ini menggunakan Matlab R2013a dengan metode Backpropagation. Pengambilan input, penelusuran error dan penyesuaian bobot berguna untuk menghasilkan nilai prediksi harga kopi. Hasil prediksi harga kopi dari harga aktual 74205 ke hasil harga prediksi 73668 dengan akurasi 99.9928, harga aktual 73892 ke harga prediksi 73175 dengan akurasi 99.9903, harga aktual 77981 ke hasil prediksi 77481 akurasi 99.9936.

Kata Kunci: Syaraf Tiruan, Prediksi, Harga Kopi, Backpropagation

Abstract
Coffee is an important part of the national and international market commodity. Nationally, the types of local coffee vary according to the name of the producing region experiencing ups and downs in price. It needs technology planning to find out the price of coffee going forward. Forecasting or prediction in computer science is related to periodic estimates of production, supply and demand at certain times using accurate and tested measuring tools. Backpropagation method is used for price prediction. The backpropagation algorithm process includes inputting data, performing the normalization / transformation of data, iterating, training and determining network parameters, calculating errors, getting predictive results. The design of the ANN architecture determines the number of layers in the input layer, the hidden layer and the output layer. This research uses Matlab R2013a. Taking input, tracking errors and adjusting weights are useful for producing predictive value of coffee prices. Coffee prediction results from actual prices 74205 to the predicted price of 73668 with an accuracy of 99.9928, the actual price of 73892 to the predicted price of 73175 with an accuracy of 99.9903, the actual price of 77981 to the predicted result of 77481 with an accuracy of 99.9936.

Keywords: Neural Networks, Predictions, Coffee Prices, Backpropagation
Beneficial Effects of Brain Reserve on Cognition in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline from the SILCODE Study
Authors: Chen Guanqun , Liu Chunhua , Yang Kun , Li Yuxia , Sheng Can , Xie Yunyan , Hu Xiaochen , Jiang Jiehui , Han Ying 
Published: May 2020

Background: Clinical research has demonstrated that brain reserve (BR) could exert positive effects on cognition for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the effects of BR on cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are not clear. Objective: To examine cross-sectional effects of BR on cognition in SCD populations. Methods: One hundred forty-nine subjects were studied from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) study. Head circumference was used as a proxy of BR. Cognition was assessed across four domains (memory, executive, language, and general cognitive functions). Multiple linear regression models were conducted to examine effects of BR on cognitive scores. Furthermore, we addressed the question that whether the degree of self-perception of cognitive decline modified the effect of BR on cognitive performance in SCD subjects. Results: We found a positive effect of BR on language cognition in subjects with SCD. Furthermore, the positive effect of BR on language cognition survived in SCD participants with a low degree of self-perception of cognitive decline while disappeared in SCD participants with a high degree of self-perception of cognitive decline. Conclusion: This study suggests that BR has the potential to delay or slow down cognitive decline in SCD individuals, especially for mild SCD.
Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease Does Not Alter Pupil Responses to Colored Light Stimuli
Authors: Kawasaki Aki , Ouanes Sami , Crippa Sylvain V. , Popp Julius 
Published: May 2020

Background: Pathologic changes in cerebral and retinal structures governing the pupillary light reflex occur in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Analysis of pupillary responses originating from different retinal cells may allow for non-invasive detection of cerebral AD pathology. Objective: This study aimed to quantify the pupil light reflex using a portable chromatic pupillometer in patients with early stage AD and compare their responses to those of a healthy control group. Methods: Participants in this case-control pilot study were recruited from a well-characterized cohort of elderly people participating in a larger prospective study on early AD. Cognitive testing, volumetric brain imaging, and lumbar puncture were performed in all participants to define two groups: early AD, i.e., cognitively impaired subjects with biomarker-confirmed AD pathology, and control group of subjects with normal cognition and normal CSF biomarker profile. Pupil responses to red and blue light stimuli intended to activate cone photoreceptors and melanopsin ganglion cells were recorded under photopic conditions. Results: Sixteen patients with AD (mean age 77 years) and sixteen controls (mean age 71 years) were tested. Baseline pupil size was significantly smaller in AD patients. Pupillary contraction amplitude to all red and blue lights was also smaller in AD patients but did not reach statistical significance. The post-illumination pupillary response was the same between the two groups. Conclusion: Compared to healthy controls, we found only a smaller resting size of the pupil in patients with early AD. The pupillary dynamics to light stimulation remained relatively preserved.