bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staged Protocol for the Treatment of the Severe Open Tibia Plateau Fractures
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Zhu Yanhui , Hu Xiaopeng , Jin Chen , Wang Xiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction Open tibia plateau fractures is one of the most challenging problems in fracture surgery and often results in high rates of complications. Staged protocol for treatment of these complex injuries is preferred and appears low rates of complications. The aims of this study is to analyse the results of staged protocol for treatment of severe open tibia plateau fractures. Materials and Methods 11 patients with grade III (Gustilo) open tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker V and VI) were treated by staged protocol. The time from first stage operation to the definitive internal fixation, time of bone union and range of motion were investigated. And incision necrosis, surgical site infection, internal fixation related complications, and non-union were recorded. At the last follow-up visit, the independent knee assessments were carried out using the Rasmussen’s clinical and radiologic scores. Results The articular surfaces fragments reduction and limb alignment correction were satisfactorily obtained in all the patients during the first stage operation. The mean time from first stage operation to the definitive internal fixation was 24.7 days (19–34 days). All the patients achieve union at a mean of 5.2 months (range, 3–8 months). The average knee range of motion was 116.4° (100°–130°). No cases of these patients incurred deep infection. The Rasmussen’s radiologic scores revealed the mean scores were 15.5 (range 12 to 18). And the mean Rasmussen clinical score was 26.1 (22–29). Conclusions The staged management technique is a safe method associated with good clinical and radiological outcomes in severe open tibial plateau fractures. And we emphasizes the important of the articular surfaces fragments reduction and fixation and limb alignment correction during the first stage operation.
Uptake and Correlates of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing among Female Sex Workers in Southern China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhao Peizhen , Wang Ya-Jie , Cheng Huan-Huan , Zhang Ye , Tang Wei-Ming , Yang Fan , Zhang Wei , Zhou Ji-Yuan , Wang Cheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Female sex workers (FSW) are at high risk of chlamydia and gonorrhea infection. However, there is a limited literature examining their testing uptake to date. The aim of this study was to assess the uptake and determinants of chlamydia and gonorrhea testing among FSW in Southern China.Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted in five cities in Southern China. We collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, sex behaviors, chlamydia and gonorrhea testing in the past twelve months and the utilization of health care services from participants through face-to-face interviews. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, respectively.Results: Overall, 1207 FSWs were recruited, with the mean age of 30.7±6.8 years old, and an average number of clients per week of 7.0(4.0-10.0). 65.4% participants consistently used condoms with clients in the past month. Only 7.5% and 10.4% had been tested for chlamydia and gonorrhea in the past twelve months, respectively. Multivariable analysis indicated that FSW who worked at low titers (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=2.36, 95%CI:1.23-10.14), had more clients in past month (aOR=1.03, 95%CI:1.01-1.05), used condoms consistently (aOR=1.79, 95%CI:1.12-2.86), had STD symptoms (aOR=4.09,95%CI:2.62-6.40), had HIV testing (aOR=5.16, 95%CI:3.21-8.30) or syphilis testing (aOR=6.90, 95%CI:4.21-11.22) in the past year were more likely to have received chlamydia testing. In addition, FSW who had more clients in the past month (aOR=1.02,95%CI:1.00-1.04), had STD symptoms (aOR=3.33, 95%CI:2.03-5.46), had HIV (aOR=3.94, 95%CI:2.34-6.65) and syphilis testing (aOR=3.27, 95%CI:1.96-5.46) in the past year were more likely to have gonorrhea testing.Conclusions: The chlamydia and gonorrhea testing uptake are low among Chinese FSW. Integrating chlamydia and gonorrhea testing promotion strategies into HIV testing promotion programs may help bridge the gap among FSW.
Acometimento neonatal do pênfigo vulgar: relato de caso
Authors: Melo Mariana das Neves , Pegas Elisangela 
Published: August 2020

Os pênfigos são dermatoses bolhosas autoimunes, em que há a produção de autoanticorpos direcionados contra moléculas de adesão dos epitélios, levando à perda da coesão celular. As doenças bolhosas intraepidérmicas são compostas pelo grupo dos pênfigos: pênfigo foliáceo clássico, pênfigo foliáceo endêmico, pênfigo eritematoso, pênfigo vulgar, pênfigo vegetante, pênfigo herpetiforme (variante clínica dos pênfigos vulgar e foliáceo), pênfigo por IgA, pênfigo paraneoplásico e pênfigo induzido por medicamentos. Devido à transferência placentária dos anticorpos IgG, existem casos de recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de Pênfigo Neonatal. Este artigo relata o caso de uma paciente recém-nascida de mãe com diagnóstico prévio de Pênfigo Vulgar com lesões exulceradas extensas na região perineal, couro cabeludo, cervical posterior e dorso, e também lesões bolhosas nos pés.Descritores: Pênfigo; Recém-Nascido; Dermatopatias; Doenças Autoimunes.ReferênciasSmolinski KN, Shah SS, Honig PJ, Yan AC. Neonatal cutaneous fungal infections. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005;17(4):486-93.Zhao CY, Chiang YZ, Murrell DF. Neonatal autoimmune blistering disease: a systematic review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33(4):367-74.Bellelli AG, Mantero NM, Rueda ML, Navacchia D, Cao G, Liloo L et al. Pénfigo vulgar de la infancia, a propósito de un caso [Childhood pemphigus vulgaris, a case report]. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2016;114(6):e457-60. Ali HS. Pemphigus vulgaris during pregnancy - a case report. J Pak Assoc Dermatol. 2011;21(4):301-3.Hanna S, Kim M, Murrell DF. Validation studies of outcome measures in pemphigus. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2016;2(4):128-39.Ibrahim SB, Yashodhara BM, Umakanth S, Kanagasabai S. Pemphigus vulgaris in a pregnant woman and her neonate. BMJ Case Rep. 2012;2012:bcr0220125850.Kodagali SS, Subbarao SD, Hiremagaloor R. Pemphigus vulgaris in a neonate and his mother. Indian Pediatr. 2014;51(4):316-17.Fainaru O, Mashiach R, Kupferminc M, Shenhav M, Pauzner D, Lessing JB. Pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy: a case report and review of literature. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(5):1195-97.Abrams ML, Smidt A, Benjamin L, Chen M, Woodley D, Mancini AJ. Congenital epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: vertical transfer of maternal autoantibody from mother to infant. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(3):337-41.Goldberg NS, DeFeo C, Kirshenbaum N. Pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy: risk factors and recommendations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28(5 Pt 2):877-79.
Estimation of Bcl-2 and Ki-67 in Gingival Epithelium of Epileptic Patients
Authors: Salama Mohamed Helmy , Algendy Abdelraheem R. , Shaikh Saleem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Gingival overgrowth is one of several oral side effects of phenytoin, a potent antiepileptic drug. Several mechanisms have been elucidated to understand the pathogenesis of drug induced gingival overgrowth. The frequency of gingival overgrowth associated with chronic phenytoin therapy remains controversial. and the possible subclinical effects of this drug on the gingival epithelium should be investigated histopathologically and immunohistochemically.
Purpose of the study: To investigate the Bcl-2 for apoptosis rate and Ki-67 for the epithelial proliferative activity in epileptic patients.
Materials and methods: Twenty four samples of gingival tissue from epileptic patients treated with phenytoin and in eight samples of gingival tissue from healthy patients who didn’t use phenytoin (control) were evaluated for Bcl-2 and Ki-67 immunohistochemically.
Results: The results revealed moreproliferative activity of the overlying epithelium and an increased pattern of Bcl-2 and Ki-67 in phenytoin users compared to controls.
Conclusion: These results concluded that the increased epithelial thickness observed in phenytoin induced gingival overgrowth is associated with increased apoptotic rate and mitotic activity , especially in the oral epithelium.

Keywords: Gingival overgrowth, Bcl-2, Ki-67, Phenytoin.
A rare case of masseter muscle cysticercosis in a young female patient managed conservatively
Authors: Dodia Hardik , Solanki Karnadev , Shah Bhaumik 
Published: August 2020

Cysticercosis is caused by Taenia solium larvae infestation. Isolated oral cysticercosis is a very rare presentation of this disease. Here is a case of masseter cysticercosis in a young woman who presented with painful cheek swelling. Diagnosis is confirmed with history, clinical examination and MRI. Luckily patient got cured with conservative management.
Comparative performance evaluation of self-adaptive differential evolution with GA, SCE and DE algorithms for the automatic calibration of a computationally intensive distributed hydrological model
Authors: Nandi Saswata , Janga Reddy M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently, physically-based hydrological models have been gaining much popularity in various activities of water resources planning and management, such as assessment of basin water availability, floods, droughts, and reservoir operation. Every hydrological model contains some parameters that must be tuned to the catchment being studied to obtain reliable estimates from the model. This study evaluated the performance of different evolutionary algorithms, namely genetic algorithm (GA), shuffled complex evolution (SCE), differential evolution (DE), and self-adaptive differential evolution (SaDE) algorithm for the parameter calibration of a computationally intensive distributed hydrological model, variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model. The methodology applied and tested for a case study of the upper Tungabhadra River basin in India and the performance of the algorithms is evaluated in terms of reliability, variability, efficacy measures in a limited number of function evaluations, their ability for achieving global convergence, and also by their capability to produce a skilful simulation of streamflows. The results of the study indicated that SaDE facilitates an effective calibration of the VIC model with higher reliability and faster convergence to optimal solutions as compared to the other methods. Moreover, due to the simplicity of the SaDE, it provides easy implementation and flexibility for the automatic calibration of complex hydrological models.
Operating cost reduction by electricity profiling and demand management
Authors: Hasan Kazi N. , Court Daniel , Curtis Rod , Kashyap Sumukh , Jankovic Sava , Asayhe Aderajew , AlAbdali AbdulRahman , Anastassiou Marcos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Like many other industries, water utilities use a high amount of electricity to operate water and wastewater treatment plants and incur a large percentage of their operating cost as electricity bills. This study investigates the electricity usage profile of a water utility and employs demand management strategies for cost reduction. Two cost reduction strategies are verified in this research – (i) fixed price contract, and (ii) electricity time-of-use shifting. An illustrative case study has been presented with two years of interval data from eight selected sites of an Australian/Victorian water utility. The study results suggest that by employing the demand management strategies, up to 22% cost reduction could be achieved from annual electricity bills. The study recognizes that the solution could be customized for each individual site based on the site-specific electricity usage profile.
Nickel(II) Chromite Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly and Reusable Catalyst for Synthesis of 2,4-Diamino-6-aryl-pyrimidine-5-yl Cyanides under Ultrasonic Radiation
Authors: Saeedi Bahareh , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Mirjafary Zohreh , Kia-Kojoori Reza 
Published: August 2020

Background:One of the principal factors in the field of research in green chemistry is to drive chemical reactions using ultrasonication as a versatile synthetic tool. Moreover, nanostructured metal salts occupy an important position as low cost, efficient, heterogeneous, and green catalysts in chemical reactions. Pyrimidine has also acquired significance because it is a core structure in a variety of natural and non-natural agents, many of which display versatile biological activities and medical applications.Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the role of nickel(II) chromite nanoparticles (NiCr2O4NPs) as a green and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4-diamino-6-arylpyrimidine- 5-yl cyanides under ultrasonic radiation.Methods:A direct cyclocondensation reaction of guanidine nitrate, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile was performed using NiCr2O4NPs as an effective heterogeneous catalyst under ultrasonic radiation at room temperature conditions to prepare 2,4-diamino-6-aryl-pyrimidine-5-yl cyanides in high yields. The described catalyst was prepared successfully according to a simple hydrothermal route and fully characterized by the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique, dispersive energy X-Ray (EDS) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS).Results:A number of 2,4-diamino-6-aryl-pyrimidine-5-yl cyanides were effectively synthesized in high yields (94-98%) within short reaction times (15 min). All synthesized compounds were well characterized by IR,1H and13C NMR spectroscopy, and also by elemental analyses.Conclusion:In conclusion, a simple, efficient, and green synthesis of 2,4-diamino-6-arylpyrimidine- 5-yl cyanides was developed using NiCr2O4NPs as a green nanocatalyst, and under ultrasound radiation as a green tool. The mild reaction conditions, avoiding the use of toxic solvents or reagents, high atom economy, high yields, and simple workup are the attractive features of this new protocol.
Evaluation of Insulin Resistance Induced Brain Tissue Dysfunction in Obese Dams and their Neonates: Role of Ipriflavone Amelioration
Authors: Gad Rania A. , Abdel-Reheim Eman S. , Shehab Gaber M.G. , Hafez Hani S. , Abuelsaad Abdelaziz S.A. 
Published: August 2020

Background:Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with activation of liver fibrogenesis and predisposes to cirrhosis and associated morbi-mortality. A high fat high cholesterol diet (HFD) was provided to female albino rats to establish a NASH model. It is well known that the offspring of obese mothers have an increased risk of obesity and diabetes. The present study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effects of ipriflavone (IP) as a natural food supplement on lipid metabolism, improving insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, modifying metabolic risk factors and/or reduce brain damage, in both neonates and their dams.Materials and Methods:The present aim was achieved by evaluating the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system biomarkers, as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. In addition, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) and acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activities, as well as levels of the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4); β-secretase, hyper phosphor-tau and β-amyloid 42; 3-hydroxy- 3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA R)” and COX-II by immunoblotting assays in the brain tissue of neonates and their dams in all the studied groups.Result:A very significant amelioration in acetylcholine and acetylcholine esterase neurotransmitters, Alzheimer’s makers (β-amyloid), antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); and inflammatory cytokines in NASH model is observed upon administrating ipriflavone (IP) as a natural food supplement. The multifunctional activities of ipriflavone as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-insulin resistance drug were discussed and correlated with other investigations.Conclusion:Regarding steatohepatitis, the present study confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of the ipriflavone (IP). Therefore, future studies should focus on hepatic fatty acid uptake, hepatic lipogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation and the role of IP in regulating hepatic fat metabolism. In addition, natural products like IP could be combined with the highly used pharmaceutical drugs to reduce the side effects of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and minimize progression of dementia. Moreover, the present study supports further attempts to heal the neural dysfunction via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cascade activities using ipriflavone (IP).
Respiration Rate Estimation Based on Independent Component Analysis of Accelerometer Data: Pilot Single-Arm Intervention Study
Authors: Lee JeeEun , Yoo Sun K 
Published: August 2020

Background
As the mobile environment has developed recently, there have been studies on continuous respiration monitoring. However, it is not easy for general users to access the sensors typically used to measure respiration. There is also random noise caused by various environmental variables when respiration is measured using noncontact methods in a mobile environment.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to estimate the respiration rate using an accelerometer sensor in a smartphone.

Methods
First, data were acquired from an accelerometer sensor by a smartphone, which can easily be accessed by the general public. Second, an independent component was extracted to calibrate the three-axis accelerometer. Lastly, the respiration rate was estimated using quefrency selection reflecting the harmonic component because respiration has regular patterns.

Results
From April 2018, we enrolled 30 male participants. When the independent component and quefrency selection were used to estimate the respiration rate, the correlation with respiration acquired from a chest belt was 0.7. The statistical results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine whether the differences in the respiration counts acquired from the chest belt and from the accelerometer sensor were significant. The P value of the difference in the respiration counts acquired from the two sensors was .27, which was not significant. This indicates that the number of respiration counts measured using the accelerometer sensor was not different from that measured using the chest belt. The Bland-Altman results indicated that the mean difference was 0.43, with less than one breath per minute, and that the respiration rate was at the 95% limits of agreement.

Conclusions
There was no relevant difference in the respiration rate measured using a chest belt and that measured using an accelerometer sensor. The accelerometer sensor approach could solve the problems related to the inconvenience of chest belt attachment and the settings. It could be used to detect sleep apnea through constant respiration rate estimation in an internet-of-things environment.
Phone Calls to Retain Research Participants and Determinants of Reachability in an African Setting: Observational Study
Authors: Draaijer Melvin , Lalla-Edward Samanta Tresha , Venter Willem Daniel Francois , Vos Alinda 
Published: August 2020

Background
Long-term retention of research participants in studies is challenging. In research in sub-Saharan Africa, phone calls are the most frequently used method to distantly engage with participants.

Objective
We aimed to get insight into the effectiveness of phone calls to retain contact with participants and evaluated determinants of reachability.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed using the databases of two randomized controlled trials investigating different kinds of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients. One trial finished in 2018 (study 1), and the other finished in 2015 (study 2). A random sample size of 200 participants per study was obtained. There were up to 3 phone numbers available per participant collected during the studies. Participants received a maximum of 3 phone calls on every available number on different days and at different times. Voicemails were left, and emails sent wherever possible. We documented how many calls were answered, who answered, as well as after how many attempts participants were reached. To further increase our understanding of reachability, we conducted a short questionnaire assessing factors contributing to reachability. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (reference number M1811107).

Results
In our sample size of n=200 per study, study 1, with a median time of 11 months since the last visit at the research site, had a response rate of 70.5% (141/200) participants while study 2, with a median duration of 55 months since the last visit, had a response rate of 50.0% (100/200; P<.001). In study 1, 61.5% (123/200) of calls were answered directly by the participant while this was 36.0% (72/200) in study 2 (P=.003). The likelihood of reaching a participant decreased with time (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.84) for every year since the last face-to-face visit. Having more phone numbers per participant increased reachability (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.36 for 2 phone numbers and OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.48 to 6.22 for 3 phone numbers compared with 1 number). A total of 141 of 241 reached participants responded to the questionnaire. Of the 93 participants who had changed phone numbers, 5% (50/93) had changed numbers because their phone was stolen. The most preferred method of being contacted was direct calling (128/141) with participants naming this method followed by WhatsApp (69/141).

Conclusions
Time since last visit and the number of phone numbers listed were the only determinants of reachability. Longer follow-up time is accompanied with a decrease in reachability by phone while more listed phone numbers increases the likelihood that someone can be reached.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02671383; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02671383 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02670772; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02670772