bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Initiation Among Adolescents and Young Adults From 22 Pediatric Practices in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Kim Kyounghae , Zhang Yiming , Lee Joochul , Meehan Thomas P. , Gans Kim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine trends in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation and its determinants.DesignThis retrospective correlational study involved 12,260 individuals born between 1996 and 2000 receiving care from one of 22 pediatric practices in the northeastern region of the United States between 2016 and 2017.MethodsWe extracted data about HPV vaccination status and date, birth year, race, ethnicity, language, and geographic regions. Mean age at initiation was estimated using descriptive statistics. Multiple linear regression with weighted least squares was used to examine its correlates.FindingsOf 12,260 individuals, about 76% initiated the HPV vaccination series at 9 to 17 years of age. While the initiation age decreased overall for both females and males (e.g., 14.3 vs. 16.2 years and 13.8 vs. 14.4 years in the 1996 vs. 2000 birth cohorts, respectively), a greater reduction was noted for males. Individuals tended to delay initiation if they were non‐Hispanic or Asian and resided in urban areas.ConclusionsMost adolescents in our sample started HPV vaccination later than the recommended age, with variations in different demographic groups. Rapid improvement in on‐time HPV vaccination is occurring, especially for males.Clinical RelevanceThe findings of this analysis emphasize continuous efforts to increase on‐time HPV vaccination rates for all groups, including non‐Hispanic whites and female adolescents, to eliminate current and possible disparities.
Occurrence of workplace violence and the psychological consequences of it among nurses working in psychiatric outpatient settings
Authors: Konttila Jenni , Holopainen Arja , Pesonen Hanna‐Mari , Kyngäs Helvi 
Published: December 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

There is a scarcity of studies concerning violence in psychiatric outpatient settings in the 2010s in spite of the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric services.

Previous research on violence in psychiatric outpatient settings has failed to consider the association between the psychological consequences of violence, exposures to violence and background factors.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

It has been known for some time that exposures to violence are harmful for psychiatric inpatient nurses; the paper demonstrates that psychiatric outpatient nurses are also at risk.

The psychological consequences of exposure to violence are highly individualized and influenced by background factors.

Nurses who face harassment have a greater risk of suffering psychological symptoms.

What are the implications for practice?

De‐escalation interventions should be implemented in psychiatric outpatient settings.

Organizations should consider the possibility of internal violence occurring when planning preventive interventions to manage and reduce workplace violence.

Education targeted at violence prevention, management and debriefing should be organized systematically in psychiatric outpatient units and be taken into consideration in the mental health nursing curriculum.

AbstractIntroductionThere is a scarcity of studies concerning violence and its consequences in psychiatric outpatient setting.AimThis study aimed to explore the occurrence of workplace violence and the psychological consequences of exposure to violence among nurses working in psychiatric outpatient settings.MethodResearch followed a cross‐sectional survey design. Data were collected with the VIA‐Q instrument.ResultsDuring the 12 months prior to the study, nurses (n = 181) had most often experienced psychological violence, with fatigue being the most common consequence. Harassment most often caused feelings of violated integrity, whereas physical violence most often caused insomnia. Significant relationships between exposure to violence and psychological consequences were identified.DiscussionWorkplace violence can manifest in a broad array of psychological symptoms and be harmful for nurses in psychiatric outpatient settings. It is important to discuss the subject of workplace violence and its place in the nursing curriculum and to reflect on how nurses are educated and trained to face violence in psychiatric nursing.Implications for PracticeDe‐escalation interventions should be implemented in psychiatric outpatient settings. Organizations should take steps to abolish internal violence. Nurses need appropriate education in order to prepare them to manage workplace violence.
Fine‐scale north‐to‐south genetic admixture profile in Shaanxi Han Chinese revealed by genome‐wide demographic history reconstruction
Authors: He Guang‐Lin , Wang Meng‐Ge , Li Ying‐Xiang , Zou Xing , Yeh Hui‐Yuan , Tang Ren‐Kuan , Yang Xiao‐Min , Wang Zheng , Guo Jian‐Xin , Luo Ting , Zhao Jing , Sun Jin , Hu Rong , Wei Lan‐Hai , Chen Gang , Hou Yi‐Ping , Wang Chuan‐Chao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Han Chinese are the world's largest ethnic group residing across China. Shaanxi province in northern China was a pastoral–agricultural interlacing region sensitive to climate change since Neolithic times, which makes it a vital place for studying population dynamics. However, genetic studies of Shaanxi Han are underrepresented due to the lack of high‐density sampling and genome‐wide data. Here, we genotyped 700 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 200 Han individuals from nine populations in Shaanxi and compared with available modern and ancient Eurasian individuals. We revealed a north–south genetic cline in Han Chinese with Shaanxi Han locating at the northern side of the cline. We detected the western Eurasian‐related admixture in Shaanxi populations, especially in Guanzhong and Shanbei Han Chinese in proportions of 2%–4.6%. Shaanxi Han were suggested to derive a large part of ancestry (39%–69%) from a lineage that also contributed largely to ancient and present‐day Tibetans (85%) as well as southern Han, supporting the common northern China origin of modern Sino‐Tibetan‐speaking populations and southwestward expansion of millet farmers from the middle‐upper Yellow River Basin to the Tibetan Plateau and to southern China. The rest of the ancestry of Shaanxi Han was from a lineage closely related to ancient and present‐day Austronesian and Tai‐Kadai speaking populations in southern China and Southeast Asia. We also observed a genetic substructure in Shaanxi Han in terms of north–south‐related ancestry corresponding well to the latitudes. Maternal mitochondrial DNA and paternal Y‐chromosome lineages further demonstrated the aforementioned admixture pattern of Han Chinese in Shaanxi province.
Individual Differences in Religious Motivation Influence How People Think
Authors: Michaels Jay L. , Petrino John , Pitre‐Zampol Tiffany 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotives matter and may have implications for how people cognitively experience meaning through religion and spirituality. Specifically, intrinsically motivated people perceive religion and spirituality are more central to meaning in life, which should promote a tendency to adopt more coherent, expansive cognitive representations. In contrast, extrinsically motivated people may adopt narrower cognitive representations since their motivation is more proximally oriented. The present study tests these possibilities by examining how religious motivation relates to action identification (tendency to use coherent, higher‐level cognitive representations). Results from 630 participants revealed that among religious people, intrinsic and extrinsic‐personal religious motivations indirectly influence higher‐level action identification through strength of spiritual beliefs. These relationships were not evident among nonreligious people. Furthermore, extrinsic‐social religious motivation and religious service attendance did not relate to action identification. These findings demonstrate that religious motivation differences are consequential for the action identities people rely upon to form a sense of meaning.
Safety and effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of chronic urticaria in pediatric patients
Authors: Dekkers Coco , Alizadeh Aghdam Mehran , de Graaf Marlies , Knulst André C. , Meijer Yolanda , van den Reek Juul M. P.A. , Stadermann Marike B. , Röckmann Heike 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on safety and effectiveness of omalizumab for treatment of chronic urticaria in pediatric patients is scarce and limited to case reports. In particular, drug survival of omalizumab has not yet been investigated, which is a key element in the evaluation of its clinical performance. The aim of this study was to investigate safety, effectiveness, and drug survival rates of omalizumab in a daily practice cohort of pediatric patients with chronic urticaria (CU).MethodsThis is a multicenter study including all pediatric patients from an academic center (Wilhelmina Children's Hospital) and a general center (Diakonessenhuis Hospital) in the Netherlands, who started omalizumab treatment before the age of 18 years. Data on safety, effectiveness, time to discontinuation, and reasons for discontinuation of treatment were assessed. Drug survival of omalizumab was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis.ResultsA total of 38 patients, who started treatment between January 2014 and January 2020, were included. Most patients (68.4%) used omalizumab without reporting any side effects and a complete or good response to treatment was achieved in 76.3% of patients. The 1‐ and 2‐year drug survival rates were 62% and 50%, respectively, with well‐controlled disease activity as the most frequent reason for discontinuation in 69.2% of patients, followed by ineffectiveness in 23.1% and side effects in 7.7% of patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates high safety and effectiveness of omalizumab treatment in pediatric patients with CU, which will aid clinical decision making and management of expectations when choosing omalizumab treatment for pediatric patients with CU.
Human TYRP1: Two functions for a single gene?
Authors: Gautron Arthur , Migault Mélodie , Bachelot Laura , Corre Sébastien , Galibert Marie‐Dominique , Gilot David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the animal kingdom, skin pigmentation is highly variable between species, and it contributes to phenotypes. In humans, skin pigmentation plays a part in sun protection. Skin pigmentation depends on the ratio of the two pigments pheomelanin and eumelanin, both synthesized by a specialized cell population, the melanocytes. In this review, we explore one important factor in pigmentation: the tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (TYRP1) gene which is involved in eumelanin synthesis via the TYRP1 protein. Counterintuitively, high TYRP1 mRNA expression is associated with a poor clinical outcome for patients with metastatic melanomas. Recently, we were able to explain this unexpected TYRP1 function by demonstrating that TYRP1 mRNA sequesters microRNA‐16, a tumor suppressor miRNA. Here, we focus on actors influencing TYRP1 mRNA abundance, particularly transcription factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and miRNAs, as they all dictate the indirect oncogenic activity of TYRP1.
Drought responsiveness in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): Genes associated and development of a web‐genomic resource
Authors: Negi Ankita , George Kokkat Johnson , Jasrotia Rahul S. , Madhavan Soumya , Jaiswal Sarika , Angadi Ulavappa Basavanneppa , Iquebal Mir Asif , Kalathil Palliyarakkal Manju , Palaniyandi Umadevi , Rai Anil , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBlack pepper (Piper nigrum L.; 2n = 52; Piperaceae), the king of spices, is a perennial, trailing woody flowering vine and has global importance with widespread dietary, medicinal, and preservative uses. It is an economically important germplasm cultivated for its fruit and the major cash crop in >30 tropical countries. Crop production is mainly affected by drought stress. The present study deals with the candidate gene identification from drought‐affected black pepper leaf transcriptome generated by Illumina Hiseq2000. It also aims to mine putative molecular markers (namely SSRs, SNPs, and InDels) and generate primers for them. The identification of transcription factors and pathways involved in drought tolerance is also reported here. De novo transcriptome assembly was performed with trinity assembler. In total, 4914 differential expressed genes, 2110 transcriptional factors, 786 domains and 1137 families, 20,124 putative SSR markers, and 259,236 variants were identified. At2g30105 (unidentified gene containing leucine‐rich repeats and ubiquitin‐like domain), serine threonine protein kinase, Mitogen‐activated protein kinase, Nucleotide Binding Site‐Leucine Rich Repeat, Myeloblastosis‐related proteins, basic helix–loop–helix are all found upregulated and are reported to be associated with plant tolerance against drought condition. All these information are catalogued in the Black Pepper Drought Transcriptome Database (BPDRTDb), freely accessible for academic use at http://webtom.cabgrid.res.in/bpdrtdb/. This database is a good foundation for the genetic improvement of pepper plants, breeding programmes, and mapping population of this crop. Putative markers can also be a reliable genomic resource to develop drought‐tolerant variety for better black pepper productivity.
Erosion, deposition and contamination by high‐magnitude subaqueous debris flows and turbidity currents: Insights from the failure of a tailings dam near Quesnel Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Kostaschuk Ray , Aden Ayana , Desloges Joseph R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe 4 August 2014 failure of Mount Polley mine tailings dam in central British Columbia, Canada, is the worst environmental disaster in British Columbia history. Around 25 million m3 of water, tailings solids and dam construction materials travelled as a slurry flow down nearby Hazeltine Creek. About 18.6 million m3 of tailings and displaced coarse sediment entered into the narrow, deep, fjord‐like Quesnel Lake. Multibeam echosounding, sub‐bottom profiling, sediment cores and theoretical models are used to examine erosion and deposition on the Hazeltine Creek fan‐delta and the bed of Quesnel Lake by subaqueous sediment density flows generated from the slurry. Strong to very strong subaqueous debris flows eroded two deep subaqueous channels on the fan‐delta in a period of less than 12 h. A model for subaerial debris‐flow erosion overestimates submerged delta‐front erosion rates in the channels because of evolution of the subaqueous debris flows and incomplete liquefaction of the eroding bed. The debris flows deposited a localized debrite with a hummocky surface composed of fine tailings and coarse displaced fan‐delta and fluvial sediment. A flat, featureless, surface composed of fine‐grained sediment adjacent to the debrite is interpreted as debrite/turbidite resulting from debris flows proximally and turbidity currents distally. Copper concentrations in cores are highly elevated compared to background concentrations in pre‐event native lacustrine sediment. Deposits from subaqueous sediment flows generated by earthquakes and glacial lake outburst floods are generally thinner than those in Quesnel Lake caused by the tailings dam failure.
English in Russian musical reviews
Authors: Gritsenko Elena , Aleshinskaya Evgeniya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper seeks to contribute to the current discussion of world Englishes by showing how English is used in popular music reviews in Russia, a context that has not been addressed in previous research. Drawing on sets of textual and ethnographic data, we argue that English and Anglicisms contribute to the expressiveness and precision of musical reviews, enhance promotion of musical products and become part of the unique identity that ties Russian music fans together. We show how English evokes connections to global contexts in the local community and how Russian speakers use English resources creatively, adapting them to local needs and modifying English musical terms through Russian word‐formation mechanisms, to make them more local.
Computational and Experimental Studies of Cellular Samples Manufactured Using Additive Methods for Use in Advanced Lightweight Designs of Engine Parts
Authors: Magerramova Liubov , Volkov Michael , Volgin Oleg , Kolos Pavel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of cellular structures is one way to reduce the weight of engine parts. However, the deformation behavior of cellular metallic structures differs significantly from that of conventional homogeneous materials. Samples with cellular structures are themselves designs. Therefore, procedures for strength testing and interpretation of experimental results for cellular structures differ from those for samples derived from homogeneous materials. The criteria for determining the properties of cellular structures include density, stiffness, ability to accumulate energy, etc. These parameters depend on the configuration of the cells, the size of each cell, and the thickness of the connecting elements. Mechanical properties of cellular structures can be established experimentally and confirmed numerically. Special cellular specimens have been designed for uniaxial tensile, bending, compression, shear, and low-cycle fatigue testing. Several variants of cell structures with relative densities ranging from 13 to 45% were considered. Specifically, this study examined the stress–strain states of cell structures from brands “CobaltChrome MP1” powder compositions obtained by laser synthesis on an industrial three-dimensional printer Concept Laser M2 Cusing Single Laser 400 W. Numerical simulations of the tests were carried out by the finite element method. Then, the most rational cellular structures in terms of mass and strength were established on the basis of both real and numerical experiments.
Effect of therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia on postoperative pain and opioid use: multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nowak Hartmuth , Zech Nina , Asmussen Sven , Rahmel Tim , Tryba Michael , Oprea Guenther , Grause Lisa , Schork Karin , Moeller Manuela , Loeser Johannes , Gyarmati Katharina , Mittler Corinna , Saller Thomas , Zagler Alexandra , Lutz Katrin , Adamzik Michael , Hansen Ernil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the effect of therapeutic suggestions played to patients through earphones during surgery on postoperative pain and opioid use.

Design
Blinded randomised controlled study.

Setting
Five tertiary care hospitals in Germany.

Participants
385 of 400 patients consecutively recruited from January to December 2018 who were to undergo surgery for 1-3 hours under general anaesthesia. In the per protocol analysis 191 patients were included in the intervention group and 194 patients in the control group.

Intervention
The intervention comprised an audiotape of background music and positive suggestions based on hypnotherapeutic principles, which was played repeatedly for 20 minutes followed by 10 minutes of silence to patients through earphones during general anaesthesia. Patients in the control group were assigned to a blank tape.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome was dose of opioid administered by patient controlled analgesia or nurse controlled analgesia within the first postoperative 24 hours, based on regular evaluation of pain intensity on a numerical rating scale (range 0-10, with higher scores representing more severe pain).

Results
Compared with the control group, the intervention group required a significantly (P=0.002) lower opioid dose within 24 hours after surgery, with a median of 4.0 mg (interquartile range 0-8) morphine equivalents versus 5.3 (2-12), and an effect size (Cohen’s d) of 0.36 (95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.56). The number of patients who needed opioids postoperatively was significantly (P=0.001) reduced in the intervention group: 121 of 191 (63%, 95% confidence interval 45% to 70%) patients in the intervention group versus 155 of 194 (80%, 74% to 85%) in the control group. The number needed to treat to avoid postoperative opioids was 6. Pain scores were consistently and significantly lower in the intervention group within 24 hours after surgery, with an average reduction of 25%. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
Therapeutic suggestions played through earphones during general anaesthesia could provide a safe, feasible, inexpensive, and non-drug technique to reduce postoperative pain and opioid use, with the potential for more general use. Based on the finding of intraoperative perception by a considerable number of patients, surgeons and anaesthetists should be careful about background noise and conversations during surgery.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00013800.
The shared risk of diabetes between dog and cat owners and their pets: register based cohort study
Authors: Delicano Rachel Ann , Hammar Ulf , Egenvall Agneta , Westgarth Carri , Mubanga Mwenya , Byberg Liisa , Fall Tove , Kennedy Beatrice 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether dog and cat owners and their pets share a risk of developing diabetes.DesignCohort study.SettingRegister based longitudinal study, Sweden.Participants208 980 owner-dog pairs and 123 566 owner-cat pairs identified during a baseline assessment period (1 January 2004 to 31 December 2006).Main outcome measuresType 2 diabetes events in dog and cat owners and diabetes events in their pets, including date of diagnosis during the follow-up period (1 January 2007 to 31 December 2012). Owners with type 2 diabetes were identified by combining information from the National Patient Register, the Cause of Death Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Information on diabetes in the pets was extracted from veterinary care insurance data. Multi-state models were used to assess the hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals and to adjust for possible shared risk factors, including personal and socioeconomic circumstances.ResultsThe incidence of type 2 diabetes during follow-up was 7.7 cases per 1000 person years at risk in dog owners and 7.9 cases per 1000 person years at risk in cat owners. The incidence of diabetes in the pets was 1.3 cases per 1000 dog years at risk and 2.2 cases per 1000 cat years at risk. The crude hazard ratio for type 2 diabetes in owners of a dog with diabetes compared with owners of a dog without diabetes was 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.74), with a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of 1.32 (1.04 to 1.68). Having an owner with type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased hazard of diabetes in the dog (crude hazard ratio 1.28, 1.01 to 1.63), which was attenuated after adjusting for owner’s age, with the confidence interval crossing the null (1.11, 0.87 to 1.42). No association was found between type 2 diabetes in cat owners and diabetes in their cats (crude hazard ratio 0.99, 0.74 to 1.34, and 1.00, 0.78 to 1.28, respectively).ConclusionsData indicated that owners of a dog with diabetes were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes during follow-up than owners of a dog without diabetes. It is possible that dogs with diabetes could serve as a sentinel for shared diabetogenic health behaviours and environmental exposures.