bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of populations endemic to a marine biogeographical transition zone
Authors: Golla Tirupathi Rao , Pieterse Leishe , Jooste Candice M. , Teske Peter R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimBiogeographical transition zones are areas of overlap between the faunas of adjacent biogeographical entities. Particularly the well‐defined transition zones along linear coastlines are interesting natural laboratories to study dispersal and incipient speciation. Few studies have explored whether marine biogeographical transition zones harbour biodiversity that is distinct from that of the biogeographical entities they separate. The Wild Coast in eastern South Africa is a poorly studied transition zone between the region's warm‐temperate and subtropical faunas, and is generally considered to be an area of faunal overlap.LocationThe South African portion of the Western Indian Ocean.MethodsSequences of the DNA barcoding marker COI were generated from 306 estuarine sandprawns (Kraussillichirus kraussi) collected at 13 sites. Genetic structure and evolutionary history were assessed using a haplotype network and a Bayesian discrete phylogeographic analysis.ResultTwo populations were identified whose ranges are centred on the Wild Coast, a rare one in the northern portion and a more common one in the central and southern portion of this biogeographical transition zone. These populations are not closely related to each other, but descend from subtropical and warm‐temperate sister populations, respectively. Although genetic distances between populations were low, they exceeded within‐population distances, indicating the presence of a "barcoding gap."ConclusionsThis is the first study to indicate that the Wild Coast marine biogeographical transition zone is not merely an area of faunal overlap, and one of very few studies to have discovered genetically unique populations within a marine biogeographical transition zone. The Wild Coast may harbour additional unique biodiversity that remains to be discovered, including rare species that require protection. More research is required to understand how this environmentally dynamic marine biogeographical transition zone differs from the adjacent biogeographical provinces.
A primary benign cardiac tumor misdiagnosed as cardiac metastasis in the right atrium
Authors: Shi YiLu , Duan ShaSha , Zhang Lei , Bai Xia , Ban Chao , Wang YaXi , Zhang XiaoShan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a patient with breast cancer with multiple metastases who had an unusual cardiac mass in the right atrium. The cardiac mass was initially diagnosed as malignant metastasis by transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) but subsequently diagnosed as benign by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). TTE is the preferred imaging method for examination of cardiac masses. However, this case demonstrates that contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography, MRI, and PET/CT are useful to differentiate between diagnoses of benign and malignant tumor. The combination of multiple diagnostic imaging modalities is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of cardiac tumors.
Predation yields greater population performance: what are the contributions of density‐ and trait‐mediated effects?
Authors: Neale Zoey R. , Juliano Steven A. 
Published: September 2020

Population responses to extrinsic mortality can yield no change in the number of survivors (compensation) or an increase in the number of survivors (overcompensation) when the population is regulated by negative density‐dependence. This intriguing response has been the subject of theoretical studies, but few experiments have explored how the source of extrinsic mortality affects the response.This study tests abilities of three functionally diverse predators, alone and combined, to induce (over)compensation of a prey population. LarvalAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) were exposed to predation byMesocyclops longisetus(Crustacea: Copepoda),Anopheles barberi(Diptera: Culicidae),Corethrella appendiculata(Diptera: Corethrellidae), all three in a substitutive design, or no predation.Predator treatment had no significant effect on the total number of adult survivors, nor on numbers of surviving males or females. The female development rate and a composite index of performance (r′) were greater with predation relative to no‐predator control. No differences were detected between diverse and single‐species predator treatments.Sensitivity analyses indicated predation effects on the number of female adults produced, despite not being affected significantly, was the largest contributing factor to significant treatment effects on the demographic indexr′. While predation did not significantly increase the production of adults, it did release survivors from density‐dependent effects sufficiently to increase population performance. This study provides an empirical test of mechanisms by which predation may yield positive mortality effects on victim populations, a phenomenon predicted to occur across many taxa and food webs.
Potential benefits of biodiversity to Australian vegetation projects registered with the Emissions Reduction Fund—is there a carbon‐biodiversity trade‐off?
Authors: Standish Rachel J. , Prober Suzanne M. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryGlobal assessments show biodiversity has already declined beyond ‘safe limits’ across most biomes, calling for large‐scale conservation and restoration interventions. At the same time, the potential and emerging catastrophic impacts of accelerated climate change have led to increasing investment in climate change mitigation efforts through maintaining or sequestering carbon in vegetation biomass, particularly woodlands and forests. This raises the challenge of whether these climate change mitigation investments can concurrently contribute to ameliorating the biodiversity crisis. However, the assumption of industry observers is that tree monocultures will sequester more carbon than biodiverse plantings, that is, there is a carbon‐biodiversity trade‐off. Here, we review experimental and observational evidence to examine whether a biodiversity trade‐off is necessary to maximise carbon credits. We apply the findings to the four types of Australian vegetation projects that have been registered with the Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund since 2012: avoided deforestation, managed regeneration, farm forestry and tree planting. We find limited evidence in the biodiversity‐ecosystem function literature for a trade‐off between biodiversity and carbon stored in above‐ground vegetation biomass; rather we find evidence for neutral or positive relationships. Further, additional benefits of plant diversity to carbon storage, rarely accounted for in vegetation projects, include increased soil carbon storage, stability and ecological resilience to disturbances. Our findings suggest opportunities for enhancing biodiversity in vegetation projects, for example through more diverse plantings, or manipulation of herbivores or plant propagules in avoided deforestation and managed regeneration projects. More research is needed to understand the contribution of faunal diversity to ecosystem functions and to manage fire in vegetation projects. We conclude that vegetation projects can aim to benefit biodiversity without compromising carbon credits.
Genetic structure, diversity and demography based on mitochondrial DNA analysis of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Kawakami Yasuko , Yamazaki Kazuo , Ohashi Kazunori , Nakahama Naoyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCheilomenes sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is widely distributed from intermediate latitude to equatorial regions. Here, we examined its genetic structure and diversity based on a 627 bp region of the mitochondrial COI gene. We then estimated its demographic changes over the past 30 000 years. We observed 22 haplotypes in 339 individuals from 29 sites in Japan and Taiwan. The 22 haplotypes were integrated into two haplotype groups: one group exists at higher frequencies in lower latitudes (22–26°N), whereas the other group appears at higher frequencies in higher latitudes (30–37°N). The effective population size of the group that predominates in higher latitudes increased from 15 000 to 10 000 years before present. In contrast, the size of the lower‐latitude group has remained constant for 30 000 years. These data suggest that C. sexmaculata might have expanded its distribution northwards and could be increasing its population size since the last glacial period.
Early seizure spread and epilepsy surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Andrews John P. , Ammanuel Simon , Kleen Jonathan , Khambhati Ankit N. , Knowlton Robert , Chang Edward F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveA fundamental question in epilepsy surgery is how to delineate the margins of cortex that must be resected to result in seizure freedom. Whether and which areas showing seizure activity early in ictus must be removed to avoid postoperative recurrence of seizures is an area of ongoing research. Seizure spread dynamics in the initial seconds of ictus are often correlated with postoperative outcome; there is neither a consensus definition of early spread nor a concise summary of the existing literature linking seizure spread to postsurgical seizure outcomes. The present study is intended to summarize the literature that links seizure spread to postoperative seizure outcome and to provide a framework for quantitative assessment of early seizure spread.MethodsA systematic review was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A Medline search identified clinical studies reporting data on seizure spread measured by intracranial electrodes, having at least 10 subjects and reporting at least 1‐year postoperative outcome in the English literature from 1990 to 2019. Studies were evaluated regarding support for a primary hypothesis: Areas of early seizure spread represent cortex with seizure‐generating potential.ResultsThe search yielded 4562 studies: 15 studies met inclusion criteria and 7 studies supported the primary hypothesis. The methods and metrics used to describe seizure spread were heterogenous. The timeframe of seizure spread associated with seizure outcome ranged from 1‐14 seconds, with large, well‐designed, retrospective studies pointing to 3‐10 seconds as most likely to provide meaningful correlates of postoperative seizure freedom.SignificanceThe complex correlation between electrophysiologic seizure spread and the potential for seizure generation needs further elucidation. Prospective cohort studies or trials are needed to evaluate epilepsy surgery targeting cortex involved in the first 3‐10 seconds of ictus.
MicroRNAs and target genes in epileptogenesis
Authors: Feng Yanyan , Yang Haojun , Yue Yinyan , Tian Fafa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is a chronic brain dysfunction. Current antiepileptic medicines cannot prevent epileptogenesis. Increasing data have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are selectively altered within the epileptic hippocampi of experimental models and human tissues, and these alterations affect the genes that control epileptogenesis. Furthermore, manipulation of miRNAs in animal models can modify epileptogenesis. As a result, miRNAs have been proposed as promising targets for treating epilepsy. We searched PubMed using the terms “microRNAs/miRNAs AND epilepsy”, “microRNAs/miRNAs AND epileptogenesis”, and “microRNAs/miRNAs AND seizure”. We selected the articles in which the relationship between miRNAs and target gene(s) was validated and manipulation of miRNAs in in vivo epilepsy models modified epileptogenesis during the chronic phase via gene regulation. A total of 13 miRNAs were found in the present review. Based on the current analysis of miRNAs and their target gene(s), each miRNA has limitations as a potential epilepsy target. Importantly, miR‐211 or miR‐128 transgenic mice displayed seizures. These findings highlight new developments for epileptogenesis prevention. Developing novel strategies to modify epileptogenesis will be effective in curing epilepsy patients. This article provides an overview of the clinical application of miRNAs as novel targets for epilepsy.
Envious Ethnography and the Ethnography of Envy in Anthropology's “Orient”: Towards A Theory of Envy
Authors: Hughes Geoffrey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrawing on prevalent Euro‐American folk models, extant theories of envy in the social sciences tend to reduce it to an emotion embodied in individual subjects, who are believed to envy those who have more and those who are hierarchically superordinate. Yet envy can also be viewed as a social, intersubjective phenomenon—one potentially incorporating humans and various other‐than‐human entities into complex and unpredictable relationships involving occult phenomena like witchcraft and the evil eye as well as entire families, regions, and abstract identity categories of ethnicity, gender, and class. The tension between ethnographic accounts of envy in the Middle East and Middle Eastern accounts of envy provides an opportunity to explore the phenomenon of “envying down” and an underappreciated, recursive dimension of envy: envying the efficacy of other people's envy. Envy is revealed to be reflexive, relational, and often institutionalized—even within the institution of ethnography itself.
When the Ghosts Live in the Nursery: Postpartum Depression and the Grandmother‐Mother‐Baby Triad in Luzhou, China
Authors: Mason Katherine A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Luzhou, China, where grandmothers often serve as primary caregivers for infants, the past and the future haunt new mothers suffering from postpartum depression. In this article, I draw upon longitudinal interviews conducted with 10 families in Luzhou as part of a larger multisited ethnography of postpartum depression and anxiety. I argue that the grandmother‐mother‐baby triad model of infant care in interior urban China accentuates the pain of depressed postpartum mothers by making it difficult for them to rid their homes of the ghosts of past traumas and lost futures. Mothers resent and fear grandmothers even as they rely on them to care for their babies. Memories of trauma, perceived displacement by the grandmother as the mother figure for their babies, and lack of control over their households and children characterize depressed postpartum mothers’ experiences. Mothers primarily blame their mothers‐in‐law for their unhappiness even as they depend on themselves to “self‐adjust.”
Non‐invasive fibrosis markers are associated with mortality risk in both general populations and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
Authors: Mao Xianhua , Liu Zhenqiu , Shi Oumin , Yu Kangkang , Jiang Yanfeng , Jin Li , Zhang Tiejun , Chen Xingdong 
Published: September 2020

AimWe assessed the correlations between non‐invasive fibrosis scores and mortality in both the general population and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.MethodsWe used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–2014. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) score, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score, and Forns index score were calculated at baseline. The associations of these scores with the risk of mortality were determined using additive Cox proportional hazard models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to study the predictive capacity of each scoring system.ResultsA total of 44 508 participants were included; among them, 9721 deaths occurred during a mean follow‐up of 12.5 years. A “J”‐shaped correlation pattern was observed for both the FIB‐4 and APRI scores. A “U”‐shaped correlation pattern was observed for both the Forns index and NFS. Similar correlation patterns were observed in 1955 NAFLD patients. For overall mortality, the AUROC values of the selected fibrosis scores were comparable between general population and NAFLD patients. The superior predictive capacity was found for FIB‐4, with AUROC of 75.03% (95% confidence interval, 70.91% to 79.82%) in general population and 75.32% (95% confidence interval, 69.43% to 80.11%) in NAFLD patients, respectively.ConclusionsNon‐linear associations were shown between the fibrosis scoring systems and mortality risk. These scores could serve as indicators for mortality in people with or without NAFLD.
Energy in South Asian history
Authors: Shutzer Matthew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnergy history is a burgeoning sub‐field focused on the role of a wide variety of prime movers—from solar energy, to animal labor, to water power, and diesel‐fueled engines—in shaping human societies. Although some energy historians consider “energy” a relatively constant feature of societies across time and culture, others have highlighted the specificity of the modern era as a unique period of energy history due to the globalization of fossil fuel dependency during the 20th century. This article puts forward South Asia as a critical site for understanding the past and future of the fossil fuel energy system. I argue that fossil fuels were central to the formation of colonial political economy beginning in the late‐19th century, and that in the context of decolonization, fossil fuels came to serve as a site of social and political contestation within South Asia's emergent developmental states. The second part of the article in particular focuses on the enduring role of fossil fuels in structuring relations between South Asian polities and global networks of both capital and neocolonial power. In the absence of an existing field of South Asian energy history, my article presents possible periodizations, conjunctures, and key issues that will animate future scholarly debate on fossil fuel energy transitions in South Asia and the wider postcolonial world.
Effect of waste‐derived MA spinel on sintering and stabilization behavior of partially stabilized double phase zirconia
Authors: El‐Amir Ahmed A. M. , Abdelgawad Mahmoud , Li Shufeng , Ewais Emad M. M. , El‐Gamal Safaa M. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCubic‐stabilized zirconia ceramic composites have been synthesized by conventional sintering, starting from commercial m‐ZrO2, Y2O3, and waste‐derived magnesium aluminate spinel (MA) powders. In this work, the effect of sintering temperature and MA content on stabilization and densification properties of YSZ have been duly considered. MA‐free YSZ0 composite sintered at 1600°C‐1700°C revealed m‐ and t‐ZrO2 dual‐phase structure where its m‐ZrO2 was partially stabilized upon temperature rising into tetragonal phase by Y3+ diffusion inside zirconia structure. YSZ10‐50 composites containing 10‐50 wt% MA demonstrated dissimilar behavior where their m‐ZrO2 was transformed and stabilized into a cubic form by diffusion of Y3+, Mg+2, and Al+3 inside zirconia lattice. Furthermore, densification of YSZ10‐50 powder mixtures by conventional sintering at 1600°C for 2 hours resulted in fully dense compacts with micrometer‐sized grains. The outcomes indicate that MA has a significant effect on m‐ZrO2 stabilization into the cubic phase structure at room temperature. In this respect, this study offers huge potentials for developing fully stabilized c‐ZrO2 ceramics that could be possibly used as industrial ceramics for structural applications of harsh chemical and thermal environmental conditions.
Impact of dextran conjugation on physicochemical and gelling properties of sweet potato protein through Maillard reaction
Authors: Arogundade Lawrence A. , Mu Tai‐Hua , Zhang Miao , Khan Nasir M. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryCovalently linked sweet potato protein (SPP)–dextran conjugates were produced through Maillard reaction, and the effects of this conjugation on physicochemical and gelling properties of SPP were studied. Formation of SPP–dextran‐conjugated product was confirmed with increase in browning intensity and molecular weight, with concomitant reduction in free amino group content of the protein. Dry‐heating period of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days gave rise to 0%, 12.8%, 19.0%, 25.2% and 22.8% degree of conjugation (DC), respectively. High molecular weight protein polymer with polydispersed band above 50 kDa was formed. FTIR spectroscopic analysis showed that the C‐O (amide I) and C‐N (amide II) stretching bands were modified by the Maillard reaction. Conjugation of SPP with dextran reduced its denaturation temperature. SPP–dextran conjugate gels’ network structures were sustained by both physical interactions and covalent bonds. SPP–dextran conjugates’ gels had significantly improved hardness and resilience in comparison with the unmodified SPP (P < 0.05).
Effect of partial substitution of wheat flour with resistant starch on physicochemical, sensorial and nutritional properties of breadsticks
Authors: Petchoo Jaruneth , Jittinandana Sitima , Tuntipopipat Siriporn , Ngampeerapong Chitraporn , Tangsuphoom Nattapol 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis study determined the physicochemical, sensorial and nutritional properties of breadsticks to which a resistant starch (RS)‐rich ingredient was incorporated by partial substitution, that is, 40%–70%, of hard wheat flour in the control recipe. Wheat flour substitution at the levels exceeding 50% lightened the colour while decreasing the moisture content and hardness of breadsticks, which was explainable by the microstructure. Changes in properties of breadsticks also affected the suitability of its sensory attributes, particularly colour and texture. Breadsticks, of which half of wheat flour was substituted, contained less protein and calories but higher carbohydrate than the control formula. Such flour substitution increased RS content closed to its effective dose of 15 g in a 45‐g serving, which led to approximately 15% reduction in in vitro glycaemic index. Therefore, incorporating effective dose of RS in breadsticks could be performed, without causing substantial changes in product quality, by partial substitution of wheat flour.
The impact of pulsed electric fields on quality parameters of freeze‐dried red beets and pineapples
Authors: Ammelt Dagmar , Lammerskitten Alica , Wiktor Artur , Barba Francisco J. , Toepfl Stefan , Parniakov Oleksii 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the cell disintegration index (Zp), the freeze‐drying process and the final product quality of red beet and pineapple tissue was studied. Red beets and pineapples were PEF‐treated at an electric field strength of 1.07 kV/cm and specific energy inputs of 1 kJ/kg and 4 kJ/kg (PEF1 and PEF2, respectively). Freeze‐drying was performed at a pressure of 1 mbar and heating plate temperature of 50 °C for red beet and 40 °C for pineapple. The quality of freeze‐dried tissue was evaluated by the analysis of residual moisture content, macrostructure, texture, colour and rehydration properties. For freeze‐dried red beets, the betalain content from extracts was studied. It could be stated that PEF pre‐treatment had no significant influence on drying time reduction, however significantly improved the final quality of freeze‐dried product. Moreover, the effect of PEF was strongly depending on type of plant material used.