bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice composition and sex differences in physician income: observational study
Authors: Whaley Christopher M , Arnold Daniel R , Gross Nate , Jena Anupam B 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether differences in income between male and female physicians vary according to the sex composition of physician practices.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingUS national survey of physician salaries, 2014-18.Participants18 802 physicians from 9848 group practices (categorized according to proportion of male physicians ≤50%, >50-75%, >75-90%, and >90%).Main outcome measuresSex differences in physician income in relation to the sex composition of physician practices after multivariable adjustment for physician specialty, years of experience, hours worked, measures of clinical workload, practice type, and geography.ResultsAmong 11 490 non-surgical specialists, the absolute adjusted sex difference in annual income (men versus women) was $36 604 (£29 663; €32 621) (95% confidence interval $24 903 to $48 306; 11.7% relative difference) for practices with 50% or less of male physicians compared with $91 669 ($56 587 to $126 571; 19.9% relative difference) for practices with at least 90% of male physicians (P=0.03 for difference). Similar findings were observed among surgical specialists (n=3483), with absolute adjusted sex difference in annual income of $46 503 ($42 198 to $135 205; 10.2% relative difference) for practices with 50% or less of male physicians compared with $149 460 ($86 040 to $212 880; 26.9% relative difference) for practices with at least 90% of male physicians (P=0.06 for difference). Among primary care physicians (n=3829), sex differences in income were not related to the proportion of male physicians in a practice.ConclusionsAmong both non-surgical and surgical specialists, sex differences in income were largest in practices with the highest proportion of male physicians, even after detailed adjustment for factors that might explain sex differences in income.
Menstrual health and period poverty among young people who menstruate in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Spain): protocol of a mixed-methods study
Authors: Medina-Perucha Laura , Jacques-Aviñó Constanza , Valls-Llobet Carme , Turbau-Valls Rosa , Pinzón Diana , Hernández Lola , Briales Canseco Paula , López-Jiménez Tomàs , Solana Lizarza Enara , Munrós Feliu Jordina , Berenguera Anna 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThe importance of menstrual health has been historically neglected, mostly due to taboos and misconceptions around menstruation and androcentrism within health knowledge and health systems around the world. There has also been a lack of attention on ‘period poverty’, which refers to the financial, social, cultural and political barriers to access menstrual products and education. The main aim of this research is to explore menstrual health and experiences of period poverty among young people who menstruate (YPM).Methods and analysisThis is a convergent mixed-methods study, which will combine a quantitative transversal study to identify the prevalence of period poverty among YPM (11–16 years old), and a qualitative study that will focus on exploring menstruation-related experiences of YPM and other groups (young people who do not menstruate (YNM); primary healthcare professionals; educators and policy-makers). The study will be conducted in the Barcelona metropolitan area between 2020 and 2021. Eighteen schools and 871 YPM will be recruited for the quantitative study. Sixty-five YPM will participate in the qualitative study. Forty-five YNM and 12 professionals will also be recruited to take part in the qualitative study. Socioeconomic and cultural diversity will be main vectors for recruitment, to ensure the findings are representative to the social and cultural context. Descriptive statistics will be performed for each variable to identify asymmetric distributions and differences among groups will be evaluated. Thematic analysis will be used for qualitative data analysesEthics and disseminationSeveral ethical issues have been considered, especially as this study includes the participation of underage participants. The study has received ethical approval by the IDIAPJGol Research Ethics Committee (19/178 P). Research findings will be disseminated to key audiences, such as YPM, YNM, parents/legal tutors, health professionals, educators, youth (and other relevant) organisations, general community members, stakeholders and policy-makers, and academia.
Occupational therapy consensus recommendations for functional neurological disorder
Authors: Nicholson Clare , Edwards Mark J , Carson Alan J , Gardiner Paula , Golder Dawn , Hayward Kate , Humblestone Susan , Jinadu Helen , Lumsden Carrie , MacLean Julie , Main Lynne , Macgregor Lindsey , Nielsen Glenn , Oakley Louise , Price Jason , Ranford Jessica , Ranu Jasbir , Sum Ed , Stone Jon 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPeople with functional neurological disorder (FND) are commonly seen by occupational therapists; however, there are limited descriptions in the literature about the type of interventions that are likely to be helpful. This document aims to address this issue by providing consensus recommendations for occupational therapy assessment and intervention.MethodsThe recommendations were developed in four stages. Stage 1: an invitation was sent to occupational therapists with expertise in FND in different countries to complete two surveys exploring their opinions regarding best practice for assessment and interventions for FND. Stage 2: a face-to-face meeting of multidisciplinary clinical experts in FND discussed and debated the data from stage 1, aiming to achieve consensus on each issue. Stage 3: recommendations based on the meeting were drafted. Stage 4: successive drafts of recommendations were circulated among the multidisciplinary group until consensus was achieved.ResultsWe recommend that occupational therapy treatment for FND is based on a biopsychosocial aetiological framework. Education, rehabilitation within functional activity and the use of taught self-management strategies are central to occupational therapy intervention for FND. Several aspects of occupational therapy for FND are distinct from therapy for other neurological conditions. Examples to illustrate the recommendations are included within this document.ConclusionsOccupational therapists have an integral role in the multidisciplinary management of people with FND. This document forms a starting point for research aiming to develop evidence-based occupational therapy interventions for people with FND.
Dural venous sinus stenting for treatment of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Lee Katriel E , Zehri Aqib , Soldozy Sauson , Syed Hasan , Catapano Joshua S , Maurer Robert , Albuquerque Felipe C , Liu Kenneth C , Wolfe Stacey Q , Brown Sandra , Levitt Michael R , Fargen Kyle M 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundDural venous sinus stenting (VSS) is an effective treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in adult patients. There are no published series to date evaluating safety and efficacy of VSS in pediatric patients.ObjectiveTo report on procedural device selection and technique as well as safety and efficacy of VSS for pediatric patients with medically refractory IIH due to underlying venous sinus stenosis.MethodsA multi-institutional retrospective case series identified patients with medically refractory IIH aged less than 18 years who underwent VSS.Results14 patients were identified at four participating centers. Patient ages ranged from 10 to 17 years, and 10 patients (71.4%) were female. Mean body mass index was 25.7 kg/m2(range 15.8–34.6 kg/m2). Stenting was performed under general endotracheal anesthesia in all except two patients. The average trans-stenotic gradient during diagnostic venography was 10.6 mm Hg. Patients had stents placed in the superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, occipital sinus, and a combination. Average follow-up was 1.7 years after stenting. Six patients out of 10 (60%) had reduced medication dosing, 12 of 14 patients (85.7%) had improvements in headaches, two patients (100%) with pre-stent tinnitus had resolution of symptoms, and four (80%) of five patients with papilledema had improvement on follow-up ophthalmological examinations. Two patients (14.3%) developed postprocedural groin hematomas, one patient (7.1%) developed a groin pseudoaneurysm, and one patient (7.1%) had postprocedural groin bleeding. No other procedural complications occurred. Four patients (28.6%) required further surgical treatment (cerebrospinal shunting and/or stenting) after their first stenting procedure.ConclusionsThis series suggests that VSS is feasible in a pediatric population with IIH and has a low complication rate and good clinical outcomes.
β-adrenergic blockade is associated with a reduced risk of 90-day mortality after surgery for hip fractures
Authors: Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Borg Tomas , Sjolin Gabriel , Pourlotfi Arvid , Holm Sebastian , Cao Yang , Wretenberg Per , Ahl Rebecka , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThere is a significant postoperative mortality risk in patients subjected to surgery for hip fractures. Adrenergic hyperactivity induced by trauma and subsequent surgery is thought to be an important contributor. By downregulating the effect of circulating catecholamines the increased risk of postoperative mortality may be reduced. The aim of the current study is to assess the association between regular β-blocker therapy and postoperative mortality.MethodsThis cohort study used the prospectively collected Swedish National Quality Registry for hip fractures to identify all patients over 40 years of age subjected to surgery for hip fractures between 2013 and 2017 in Örebro County, Sweden. Patients with ongoing β-blocker therapy at the time of surgery were allocated to the β-blocker-positive cohort. The primary outcome of interest was 90-day postoperative mortality. Risk factors for 90-day mortality were evaluated using Poisson regression analysis.ResultsA total of 2443 patients were included in this cohort of whom 900 (36.8%) had ongoing β-blocker therapy before surgery. The β-blocker positive group was significantly older, less fit for surgery based on their American Society of Anesthesiologists classification and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities. A significant risk reduction in 90-day mortality was detected in patients receiving β-blockers (adjusted incidence rate ratio=0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98, p=0.03).Conclusionsβ-blocker therapy is associated with a significant reduction in 90-day postoperative mortality after hip fracture surgery. Further investigation into this finding is warranted.Level of evidenceTherapeutic study, level III; prognostic study, level II.
Understanding nonequilibrium scaling laws governing collapse of a polymer
Authors: Majumder Suman , Christiansen Henrik , Janke Wolfhard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent emerging interest in experiments of single-polymer dynamics urge computational physicists to revive their understandings, particularly in the nonequilibrium context. Here we briefly discuss the currently evolving approaches of investigating the evolution dynamics of homopolymer collapse using computer simulations. Primary focus of these approaches is to understand various dynamical scaling laws related to coarsening and aging during the collapse in space dimensiond= 3, using tools popular in nonequilibrium coarsening dynamics of particle or spin systems. In addition to providing an overview of those results, we also present new preliminary data ford= 2.Graphical abstract
Highest Obesity Category Associated With Largest Decrease in N‐Terminal Pro‐B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Vaishnav Joban , Chasler Jessica E. , Lee Yizhen J. , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Hu Jiun‐Ruey , Schulman Steven P. , Russell Stuart D. , Sharma Kavita 
Published: July 2020

Background

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (
HF
p
EF
) constitutes half of hospitalized
heart failure
cases and is commonly associated with obesity. The role of natriuretic peptide levels in hospitalized obese patients with
HF
p
EF
, however, is not well defined. We sought to evaluate change in
NT
‐pro
BNP
(N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) levels by obesity category and related clinical outcomes in
patients with HF
p
EF
hospitalized for acute heart failure.

Methods and Results

A total of 89
patients with HF
p
EF
hospitalized with acute decompensated
heart failure
were stratified into 3 obesity categories: nonobese (
body mass index [BMI]
<30.0 kg/m
2
, 19%), obese (
BMI
30.0–39.9 kg/m
2
, 29%), and severely obese (
BMI
≥40.0 kg/m
2
, 52%), and compared for percent change in
NT
‐pro
BNP
during hospitalization and clinical outcomes. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with normal
NT
‐pro
BNP
(≤125 pg/
mL
) and elevated
NT
‐pro
BNP
. Admission
NT
‐pro
BNP
was inversely related to
BMI
category (nonobese, 2607 pg/
mL
[interquartile range, IQR: 2112–5703]; obese, 1725 pg/
mL
[IQR: 889–3900]; and severely obese, 770.5 pg/
mL
[IQR: 128–1268];
P
<0.01). Severely obese patients had the largest percent change in
NT
‐pro
BNP
with diuresis (−64.8% [95% CI, −85.4 to −38.9] versus obese −40.4% [95% CI, −74.3 to −12.0] versus nonobese −46.9% [95% CI, −57.8 to −37.4];
P
=0.03). Nonobese and obese patients had significantly worse 1‐year survival compared with severely obese patients (63% versus 76% versus 95%, respectively;
P
<0.01). Patients with normal
NT
‐pro
BNP
(13%) were younger, with higher
BMI
, less atrial fibrillation, and less structural heart disease than those with elevated
NT
‐proBNP.

Conclusions

In hospitalized patients with
HF
p
EF
,
NT
‐pro
BNP
was inversely related to
BMI
with the largest decrease in
NT
‐pro
BNP
seen in the highest obesity category. These findings have implications for the role of
NT
‐pro
BNP
in the diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in obese patients with
HF
p
EF
.
Up to 206 Million People Reached and Over 5.4 Million Trained in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Worldwide: The 2019 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation World Restart a Heart Initiative
Authors: Böttiger Bernd W. , Lockey Andrew , Aickin Richard , Carmona Maria , Cassan Pascal , Castrén Maaret , Chakra Rao SSC , De Caen Allan , Escalante Raffo , Georgiou Marios , Hoover Amber , Kern Karl B. , Khan Abdul Majeed S. , Levi Cianna , Lim Swee H. , Nadkarni Vinay , Nakagawa Naomi Kondo , Nation Kevin , Neumar Robert W. , Nolan Jerry P. , Mellin‐Olsen Jannicke , Pagani Jacopo , Sales Monica , Semeraro Federico , Stanton David , Toporas Cristina , van Grootven Heleen , Wang Tzong‐Luen , Wijesuriya Nilmini , Wong Gillian , Perkins Gavin D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sudden out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest is the third leading cause of death in industrialized nations. Many of these lives could be saved if bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates were better. “All citizens of the world can save a life—CHECK—CALL—COMPRESS.” With these words, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation launched the 2019 global “World Restart a Heart” initiative to increase public awareness and improve the rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and overall survival for millions of victims of cardiac arrest globally. All participating organizations were asked to train and to report the numbers of people trained and reached. Overall, social media impact and awareness reached up to 206 million people, and >5.4 million people were trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation worldwide in 2019. Tool kits and information packs were circulated to 194 countries worldwide. Our simple and unified global message, “CHECK—CALL—COMPRESS,” will save hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide and will further enable many policy makers around the world to take immediate and sustainable action in this most important healthcare issue and initiative.
Effects of a nutrition education intervention on fruit and vegetable consumption-related dietary behavioural factors among elementary school children
Authors: Saha Sanjoy , Dawson John , Murimi Mary , Dodd Sara , Oldewage-Theron Wilna 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To increase nutrition knowledge, fruit and vegetable preference, eating and cooking self-efficacy among 3rd- to 5th-grade students after a 6-week school-based nutrition education intervention. Design: Quasi-experimental pre–post design. Setting: Title I elementary schools, South Plains, West Texas. Method: A nutrition education curriculum informed by social cognitive theory was developed and implemented in four Title I elementary schools. A total of 115 children from 3rd to 5th grade (age range: 8–11 years) participated and completed both baseline and post-intervention surveys. The intervention included class-based nutrition education for 25 minutes, and a cooking and tasting session for 20 minutes each week. Nutrition handouts on fruit and vegetable were sent to parents. Face-to-face survey questionnaires were administered on nutrition knowledge, fruit and vegetable preference, fruit and vegetable eating and cooking self-efficacy during pre- and post-surveys. Changes in mean score of nutrition knowledge, fruit and vegetable preference, fruit and vegetable eating and cooking self-efficacy were analysed using paired t-tests. Results: Participants showed significant improvements in nutrition knowledge, fruit and vegetable preference, eating and cooking self-efficacy after the intervention. Conclusion: Study results suggest that a brief 6-week multi-component and school-based nutrition education intervention had the potential to engage students and create health-promoting behaviours.
Impact of Asian cultural values upon leadership roles and styles
Authors: Arun Korhan , Kahraman Gedik Nesli 
Published: July 2020

In light of an increasingly integrated society, in-depth research is needed to explore how particular perceived values may guide leadership behaviour by measuring the everyday actions of employees. As Asian individual values become collective, there is an increased likelihood that they will be perceived as cultural values that translate into expectations of leadership roles. This article considers the impact of changes in leadership roles from a role theory perspective, based on Asian values leading to changes in leadership styles. The sample is taken from an organised industrial zone which consists of a high immigrant workforce that continues to grow. The research was conducted in western Turkey but has appeared in leading survey results on Asian cultural values. This study found significant symbolic interactionism between values and leadership roles. There were also correlations between roles and leadership styles, since leaders also influence the interpersonal roles of their employees. Among managers involved in decision-making and information processing, an autocratic participative leadership style has emerged. Points for practitioners In every organisation, leaders should be aware of values in their organisations by measuring the everyday actions of employees. To become proficient leaders, they should learn to act in a manner suitable to the roles expected by their subordinates. Furthermore, to be efficient, leaders should adopt what is considered a ‘proper' style through comparison to the indicated roles. In a nutshell, leadership, values and leadership styles are interference acts that affect all processes, from recruitment to strategic management.
The effect of Qigong-based therapy on patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Shihui , Zhang Yanjie , Wang Yong Tai , Liu Xiaolei , Song Wook , Du Xiru 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study was to evaluate the effects of Qigong on clinical motor symptoms, walking ability, and balance of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Data sources: Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, SportDiscus, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database) were searched from inception to June 28, 2020. Methods: Two reviewers independently selected and extracted the data from studies with randomized controlled trial, and effect sizes were calculated by employing random-effect models with 95% confidential interval (CI). We used Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale to evaluate the quality of included studies. Results: A total of seven studies with 325 participants (180 males and 145 females) were included in this meta-analysis. Results of this meta-analysis showed that Qigong had significantly positive effects on motor symptoms ( SMD = 0.59, 95% CI [0.24, 0.93]), walking ability ( SMD = 0.78, 95% CI [0.10, 1.47]), and balance ( SMD = 0.72, 95% CI [0.23, 1.20]) in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Subgroup analysis showed Qigong exercise had significant difference on improving motor symptoms and walking ability compared to passive control ( P < 0.01), and no significant difference compared to active control. Subgroup analysis of Qigong exercise revealed a significant difference on balance compared to both active and passive control ( P < 0.05). In addition, meta-regression result indicated that the effect of Qigong exercise on motor symptoms was influenced by age. Conclusion: The findings from current meta-analysis supported Qigong exercise as a beneficial alternative therapy may contribute to increasing motor function, walking ability, and balance for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Involvement of natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis in patients with pelvic pain
Authors: He Jue , Xu Yan , Yi Minhui , Gu Cancan , Zhu Yi , Hu Guohua 
Published: July 2020

Objectives To detect the involvement of immune cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis in patients with stable status or pelvic pain. Methods Blood was collected from patients with endometriosis with and without pelvic pain. Natural killer (NK) and Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-7) was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We isolated immune cells from blood by density-gradient centrifugation to investigate the expression of functional molecules including sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 9 (SAMD9), Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 (RGL2), early growth response protein 1, and Akirin2. We also searched the BIOGPS database for protein expression profiles. Results SAMD9 and RGL2 expression levels were significantly upregulated in patients with pelvic pain. Furthermore, lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 expression was higher in endometrial tissues from patients with pelvic pain, and was mainly localized in stromal and glandular epithelial cells in ectopic lesions. Conclusion NK cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis in patients with pelvic pain. Suppressing the cytotoxic activity of NK cells may thus help to reduce the progression of pelvic pain in patients with endometriosis.