bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mangiferin protect oxidative stress against deoxynivalenol induced damages through Nrf2 signalling pathways in endothelial cells
Authors: Al‐Saeedi Fatma J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral cereal grains contain a mycotoxin food contaminant called deoxynivalenol (DON), which presents a significant health risk as it is one of the most commonly found mycotoxins. The current paper examines the ameliorative effect of mangiferin (MAN) in vascular endothelial cells induced through activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway on dietary DON‐induced oxidative changes. The study infers that the intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde decrease due to MAN. Other effects include in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the oxidative stress‐induced cell damage is reduced due to protective effects and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities also reveal an improvement. In HUVECs, the Nrf2‐regulated antioxidant enzyme genes' expression is activated by Nrf2 nuclear translocation induction and this activity suppresses the oxidative stress damage. The genes in HUVECs include HO‐1 and NQO1. Moreover, in HUVECs, the nucleus translocation of Nrf2 reduces the Nrf2, HO‐1, whereas NQO1 expression decreases the cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress reduce with the rejection of Nrf2 with siRNA. This paper pioneers in inferring that oxidative stress‐induced HUVECs' cell injury is suppressed by MAN through Nrf2, signalling pathway activation.
Enhanced oral bioavailability and biodistribution of atractylodin encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticle in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Omar Abdifetah Ibrahim , Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn , Chittasupho Chuda , Na‐Bangchang Kesara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. and its bioactive compound atractylodin (ATD), have been shown to exert promising anticancer activity against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) both in vitro and in vivo. However, the clinical development of ATD could be hindered due to hydrophobicity and poor pharmacokinetic properties, and thus, the requirement of high dose administration and the risk of toxicity. In the present study, ATD‐loaded in PLGA nanoparticles (ATD‐PLGA) and that coated with chitosan (ATD‐PLGA‐CS) were developed using nanoprecipitation and single emulsification methods, respectively. The optimized ATD‐PLGA formulation provided superior physical and pharmaceutical properties over ATD‐PLGA‐CS. The antiproliferative activity of ATD‐PLGA against the two CCA cell lines, HuCCT1 and CL6, and the normal cell line (OUMS‐36T‐1F) was evaluated using MTT assay. Results showed that normal epithelial cell was less sensitive to ATD‐PLGA compared to both CCA cell lines. In mice, the radiolabelled 99mTc‐ATD‐PLGA showed superior pharmacokinetic profile over free 99mTc‐ATD, as evidenced by a 2.7‐fold increase of area under plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0‐∞), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), and mean residence time (MRT). Higher accumulation of 99mTc‐ATD‐PLGA was observed in vital organs/tissues such as blood, liver, heart, and kidney, compared with free 99mTc‐ATD‐PLGA. Altogether, the results suggest that PLGA NPs could be a suitable drug delivery carrier for ATD in CCA.
The importance of self‐regulation: a mediator of early socio‐emotional difficulties on later socio‐emotional and relational outcomes
Authors: Nucifora Alice , Walker Sue 
Published: October 2020

Research suggests that a childhood diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with poorer teacher–child relationship quality and higher rates of externalising behaviours. It is proposed that the socio‐emotional problems experienced by those children with ASD and/or ADHD lead to poor teacher–child relationship quality and an increase in externalising behaviours. It is also proposed that self‐regulation skills and language ability may mediate these relationships. Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) from 5107 participants whose ages ranged from 2 to 3, 6 to 7 and 10 to 11 years were used for these analyses. Outcome variables were teacher–child relationship quality and externalising behaviours. There were direct effects between ADHD/ASD and externalising behaviours (SDQ). Externalising behaviours were also fully mediated by self‐regulation. All other models showed significant partial mediation. Findings suggest that language was not significantly related to either outcome variable. These results support the conclusion that self‐regulation is a protective factor for those diagnosed with ASD and other disorders with associated socio‐emotional problems such as ADHD. Results also suggest that a focus on self‐regulation skills in educational programs has the potential to improve socio‐relational outcomes for all children with socio‐emotional difficulties.
Production, structure–function relationships, mechanisms, and applications of antifreeze peptides
Authors: Chen Xu , Wu Jinhong , Cai Xixi , Wang Shaoyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGrowth of ice crystals can cause serious problems, such as frozen products deterioration, road damage, energy losses, and safety risks of human beings. Antifreeze peptides (AFPs), a healthy and effective cryoprotectant, have great potential as ice crystal growth inhibitors for a variety of frozen products. In this review, methods and technologies for the production, purification, evaluation, and characterization of AFPs are comprehensively summarized. First, this review describes the preparation of AFPs, including the methods of enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical synthesis, and microbial fermentation. Next, this review introduces the major methods by which to evaluate AFPs’ antifreeze activity, including nanoliter osmometer, differential scanning calorimetry, splat‐cooling, the biovaluation model, and novel technology. Moreover, this review presents an overview of the molecular characteristics, structure–function relationships, and action mechanisms of AFPs. Furthermore, advances in the application of AFPs to frozen food, including frozen dough, meat products, fruits, vegetable products, and dairy, are summarized and holistically analyzed. Finally, challenges of AFPs and future perspectives on their use are also discussed. An understanding of the production, structure–function relationships, mechanisms and applications of AFPs provides inspiration for further research into the use of AFPs in food science and food nutrition applications.
Impact of COVID‐19 social restrictions on trauma presentations in South Australia
Authors: Harris Daniel , Ellis Daniel Y , Gorman David , Foo Ngee , Haustead Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo review the impact of COVID‐19 social restrictions on trauma presentations in South Australia.MethodsRetrospective database review.ResultsDuring the period of social restrictions, there was a reduction in presentations of trauma and major trauma by 17% and 33%, respectively. The reduction in presentation rates was due to a large decrease in those aged over 40, with an increase in presentations in those younger than 40. Review by mechanism and location of injury revealed a reduction in road trauma, yet an increase in pedestrian trauma and trauma at home.ConclusionSocial restrictions alter the characteristics of trauma presentations.
Dictyostelium discoideum as a non‐mammalian biomedical model
Authors: Martín‐González Javier , Montero‐Bullón Javier‐Fernando , Lacal Jesus 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDictyostelium discoideum is one of eight non‐mammalian model organisms recognized by the National Institute of Health for the study of human pathology. The use of this slime mould is possible owing to similarities in cell structure, behaviour and intracellular signalling with mammalian cells. Its haploid set of chromosomes completely sequenced amenable to genetic manipulation, its unique and short life cycle with unicellular and multicellular stages, and phenotypic richness encoding many human orthologues, make Dictyostelium a representative and simple model organism to unveil cellular processes in human disease. Dictyostelium studies within the biomedical field have provided fundamental knowledge in the areas of bacterial infection, immune cell chemotaxis, autophagy/phagocytosis and mitochondrial and neurological disorders. Consequently, Dictyostelium has been used to the development of related pharmacological treatments. Herein, we review the utilization of Dictyostelium as a model organism in biomedicine.
A review of the methods for studying biotic interactions in phenological analyses
Authors: de la Torre Cerro Rubén , Holloway Paul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Phenological events play a key role modulating ecosystem services; however, the complex and interlinked nature of ecosystems indicates that interactions among different taxa during phenological events can have consequences for the entire ecosystem. Currently, there is a lack of a unified criteria on the methodologies studying phenology and biotic interactions.

We performed an extensive integrative review of works evaluating phenology and biotic interactions. We identified four broad categories of studies that have explored biotic interactions within phenology research: (a) spatial and temporal asynchronies, (b) biotic factors as covariates, (c) simulation studies and (d) interaction indices.

We found that spring phenology has received much more attention than any other season, while mutualistic and obligated interactions, as well as trophic interactions and networks have been explored more routinely than facilitation or competition. Authors tend to interpret coexistence among species as biotic interactions without any direct measurement, particularly in spatial and temporal asynchrony studies, but this also occurs to a certain extent in all categories. We also found a lack of formal examination in most studies exploring phenological mismatches in response to climate change.

We propose a conceptual framework for the inclusion of phenology in the study of biotic interactions that apportions research into the conceptualisation and modelling of biotic interactions. Conceptualisation explores phenological data, types of interactions and the spatiotemporal dimensions, which all determine the representation for biotic interactions within the modelling framework, and the type of models that are applicable.

Finally, we identify emerging opportunities to investigate biotic interactions in phenology research, including spatially and temporally explicit species distribution models as proxies for phenological events and the combination of novel technologies (e.g. acoustic recorders, telemetry data) to quantify interactions.
Therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review of modern‐era clinical studies
Authors: Andersen Kristoffer A. A. , Carhart‐Harris Robin , Nutt David J. , Erritzoe David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of modern‐era (post‐millennium) clinical studies assessing the therapeutic effects of serotonergic psychedelics drugs for mental health conditions. Although the main focus was on efficacy and safety, study characteristics, duration of antidepressants effects across studies, and the role of the subjective drug experiences were also reviewed and presented.MethodA systematic literature search (1 Jan 2000 to 1 May 2020) was conducted in PubMed and PsychINFO for studies of patients undergoing treatment with a serotonergic psychedelic.ResultsData from 16 papers, representing 10 independent psychedelic‐assisted therapy trials (psilocybin = 7, ayahuasca = 2, LSD = 1), were extracted, presented in figures and tables, and narratively synthesized and discussed. Across these studies, a total of 188 patients suffering either cancer‐ or illness‐related anxiety and depression disorders (C/I‐RADD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) or substance use disorder (SUD) were included. The reviewed studies established feasibility and evidence of safety, alongside promising early data of efficacy in the treatment of depression, anxiety, OCD, and tobacco and alcohol use disorders. For a majority of patients, the therapeutic effects appeared to be long‐lasting (weeks‐months) after only 1 to 3 treatment session(s). All studies were conducted in line with guidelines for the safe conduct of psychedelic therapy, and no severe adverse events were reported.ConclusionThe resurrection of clinical psychedelic research provides early evidence for treatment efficacy and safety for a range of psychiatric conditions, and constitutes an exciting new treatment avenue in a health area with major unmet needs.
'Tell someone who cares’: Participation action research on workplace engagement of caregivers in aged residential care, NZ
Authors: Prentice Jenny , Weatherall Mark , Grainger Rebecca , Levack William 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo use participatory action research (PAR) to understand workplace engagement of caregivers in aged residential care (ARC) in New Zealand.MethodsA PAR study was conducted in a 40‐bed ARC facility providing rest home‐ and hospital‐level care in rural New Zealand. The four‐step study included an advisory group of caregivers (N = 6) who co‐designed the process. Data were collected via verbatim transcripts of four advisory group meetings, five interviews with staff and field notes over a period of six months. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsA model was developed to describe factors that encouraged caregivers’ engagement in their work. Caregivers were more engaged in their workplace when the influencers of ‘Communication’, ‘Contributing to the workplace’ and ‘Caring for oneself’ were present and when they experienced ‘feeling valued’, ‘being heard’ and ‘being listened to’.ConclusionFactors influencing positive changes in workplace engagement were identified that could be considered when implementing organisational change or service development in other ARC facilities. These factors could potentially increase productivity and quality of care at little cost, as well as improve workplace satisfaction.
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in multiparous women with the use of epidural anaesthesia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Putri Inge , Simons Koen , Nettle Jonathan , Woodward Anthony 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe use of epidural as a form of analgesia is increasingly common in labour, but this has shown to have been associated with increased rates of instrumental delivery, and prolonged second stage, resulting in increased rates of OASIS (Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury).AimsThis study aimed to investigate the impact of epidural anaesthesia in multiparous women undergoing vaginal deliveries on OASIS and secondary maternal outcomes.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort study of multiparous women with singleton pregnancies delivering at term ≥37 weeks and the use of epidural analgesia in labour at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, the Royal Women's Hospital was undertaken between the period 2012–2018. Maternal outcomes were collated and dichotomised according to the presence of epidural use. Multiparous women with no prior history of a vaginal birth and non‐cephalic presentation during labour were excluded.ResultsThere were 14 124 multiparous women who met the inclusion criteria; spontaneous labour is associated with an increased risk of OASIS at adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.46, P = 0.012. The overall rate of epidural use was 17%. Women with epidural use had significantly lower chances of sustaining OASIS in normal vaginal births and instrumental vaginal births. (1% vs 1.8%, aOR 0.49, P = 0.004). Epidural is associated with increased rates of prolonged second stage (8.5% vs 3.8%, P < 0.05), instrumental delivery (26.1% vs 4%, P < 0.05), and episiotomy use (23.8% vs 10.2%, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of epidural analgesia in multiparous women is associated with a reduction in anal sphincter injuries.
Validation of electrocardiographic criteria for identifying left ventricular dysfunction in patients with previous myocardial infarction
Authors: Panicker Gopi Krishna , Narula Dhiraj D. , Albert Christine M. , Lee Daniel C. , Kothari Snehal , Goldberger Jeffrey J. , Cook Nancy , Schaechter Andi , Kim Eunjung , Moorthy M. Vinayaga , Pester Julie , Chatterjee Neal A. , Kadish Alan H. , Karnad Dilip R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEleven criteria correlating electrocardiogram (ECG) findings with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have been previously published. These have not been compared head‐to‐head in a single study. We studied their value as a screening test to identify patients with reduced LVEF estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.MethodsECGs and CMR from 548 patients (age 61 + 11 years, 79% male) with previous myocardial infarction (MI), from the DETERMINE and PRE‐DETERMINE studies, were analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of each criterion for identifying patients with LVEF ≤ 30% and ≤ 40% were studied. A useful screening test should have high sensitivity and NPV.ResultsMean LVEF was 40% (SD = 11%); 264 patients (48.2%) had LVEF ≤ 40%, and 96 patients (17.5%) had LVEF ≤ 30%. Six of 11 criteria were associated with a significant lower LVEF, but had poor sensitivity to identify LVEF ≤ 30% (range 2.1%–55.2%) or LVEF ≤ 40% (1.1%–51.1%); NPVs were good for LVEF ≤ 30% (range 82.8%–85.9%) but not for LVEF ≤ 40% (range 52.1%–60.6%). Goldberger's third criterion (RV4/SV4 < 1) and combinations of maximal QRS duration > 124 ms + either Goldberger's third criterion or Goldberger's first criterion (SV1 or SV2 + RV5 or RV6 ≥ 3.5 mV) had high specificity (95.4%–100%) for LVEF ≤ 40%, although seen in only 48 (8.8%) patients; predictive values were similar on subgroup analysis.ConclusionsNone of the ECG criteria qualified as a good screening test. Three criteria had high specificity for LVEF ≤ 40%, although seen in < 9% of patients. Whether other ECG criteria can better identify LV dysfunction remains to be determined.
Love and the Liminality of Revolution: Interpersonal Transformations In Between the April–May Events in Armenia
Authors: Shirinian Tamar 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe 2019 “Velvet Revolution” in Armenia, which became colloquially referred to as the “Revolution of Love and Solidarity” (April 13–May 1, 2018), made some arguably major political shifts in the postsocialist republic, removing the oligarchic Prime Minister Serj Sargsyan and setting up a new regime that would fight corruption. Through ethnographic research in Yerevan, Armenia’s capital, however, I found that many leftist activists who had participated in grassroots social and political initiatives for years denied that an actual revolution had taken place. Instead they located the potential of this movement in the liminal timespace of the political events, which opened up possibilities of collective action and the transformation of forms of citizen relation. By examining the interpersonal and intimate feelings of activists who were involved in these massive mobilizations, I argue that love, pleasure, joy, and celebration allow us to see the transformational possibilities of social movements that are embedded not in the movement as a historical event as such but in the in between of the event.
Turnbull–Cutait technique without ileostomy after total mesorectal excision is associated with acceptably low early post‐operative morbidity
Authors: Guner Osman Serhat , Tumay Latif Volkan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare the standard one‐stage coloanal anastomosis (CAA) technique plus diverting ileostomy and the Turnbull–Cutait (T–C) technique with delayed CAA in terms of early post‐operative morbidity in patients with low rectal cancer.MethodsA total of 33 patients with non‐metastatic distal rectal cancer who were operated with one of the two different reconstruction methods (one‐stage CAA plus diverting ileostomy or two‐stage T–C technique with delayed CAA) after total mesorectal excision were included in this retrospective study. The two groups were compared for early post‐operative morbidity within 30 post‐operative days using complication frequency, Clavien–Dindo classification and Comprehensive Complication Index scores.ResultsThe two groups did not differ in terms of morbidity parameters, including frequency of any morbidity, presence of grade 3b morbidity requiring management under general anaesthesia, as well as Comprehensive Complication Index score (P > 0.05 for all).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the two techniques did not differ in terms of early post‐operative morbidity. Owing to its comparable morbidity and safety to CAA plus concomitant ileostomy performed at the same session, the T–C technique may be considered in distal rectal cancer patients refusing to have a temporary stoma and in patients in whom CAA poses technical difficulties during the initial operation.
Traumatic choroidal injuries – classification, incidence, diagnosis and prognosis twenty‐year results of Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study
Authors: Chen Hui‐Jin , Feng Kang , Feng Xue‐Feng , Wang Chang‐Guan , Ma Zhi‐Zhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo characterize the classification, incidence, diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic choroidal injuries.MethodsSubjects were selected from the database of the Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study (EIVS) and were examined for occurrences of different categories of choroidal injuries. Standard photographs were collected. Anatomical and visual outcomes were assessed in patients with greater than 1 year of follow‐up. Eyes that had no light perception (NLP) and/or phthisis bulbi were defined as having had unfavourable outcomes. The percentage of eyes with an unfavourable outcome was analysed for different types of choroidal injuries.ResultsNine categories of choroidal injuries with distinctive features were identified in the EIVS database. The incidence and the percentage of eyes with an unfavourable outcome in each injury category were as follows: suprachoroidal effusion, 21.2% (7.2%); suprachoroidal haemorrhage, 12.8% (11.2%); massive suprachoroidal haemorrhage, 4.0% (64.9%); choroidal avulsion, 4.2% (92.2%); traumatic chorioretinal rupture, 1.8% (13.3%); choroidal rupture, 4.8% (6.8%); choroidal loss, 1.6% (79.3%); choroidal hole, 1.1% (5.3%); and choroidal damage at the wound site, 39.2% (17.7%).ConclusionsOcular trauma can cause a variety of choroidal injuries that have distinctive features, some of which are associated with a high frequency of unfavourable prognoses.