bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustaining Aquifers and their Water Economies
Authors: Baah-Kumi Bernard , Amer Saud , Ward Frank 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A long-established practice of managing aquifers relies on pumping restrictions to curtail drawdowns, in spite of their high economic impacts and the serious disputes that can follow such decisions. This paper applies an empirical, quantitative hydro-economic model that helps aquifer managers reverse aquifer drawdowns while minimizing the economic losses from pumping restrictions. We develop and present an innovative optimization framework for identifying pumping restrictions that minimize economic losses from current economic activities while eliminating the unsustainable threats from falling aquifers. We investigate several alternative measures to reduce economic costs of pumping limitations, including a proportional sharing of reductions across uses, several priority allocation methods, and permitted pumping caps augmented by permit trading. Results show that the largest reduction in costs of aquifer protection occurs when permitted pumping caps are combined with trading. The model is applied to improve management of two heavily-pumped aquifers in Kenya, but are generalizable to many aquifers worldwide experiencing unsustainable pumping.
Light manipulation using organic semiconducting materials for enhanced photosynthesis
Authors: Zorz Jackie , Richardson William , Laventure Audrey , Haines Marianne , Cieplechowicz Edward , Aslani Alireza , Vadlamani Agasteswar , Bergerson Joule , Welch Greg , Strous Marc 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Photosynthetic microorganisms, such as algae, are sources of bioproducts and pharmaceuticals. As they require only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, they have potential for future mitigation of CO2 emissions. However, inefficiencies in the growth of these organisms remains an issue for realizing these emission reductions, primarily in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, photoinhibition, and photolimitation. Here, we show how the use of light filtration through semi-transparent films comprised of organic π-conjugated molecules and subsequent organic photovoltaic devices, has the potential to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of algae, and the total power generation of a combined organic photovoltaic/algae system. Experimental data is used to fit a photosynthetic model predicting algal photosynthetic growth given light intensity and light transmission through an organic photovoltaic device. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using a system combining photosynthetic growth with electricity-producing organic photovoltaics and provides a template for exploring other blended applications of these technologies.
Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Defective TiO2 Nanotubes Modified by Single-Atom Binary Metal Components
Authors: Pan Honghui , Wang Xiaoguang , Xiong Zhiwei , Sun Minghui , Murugananthan Muthu , Zhang Yanrong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A binary component catalyst consists of single atoms (SAs- Pt and Au) anchored on self-doped TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs), was developed for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The defects introduced TNTs substrate was stabilized with atomic Pt and Au via strong metal support interactions (MSI), due to which, the covalent interactions of Pt-O and Au-Ti facilitated an effective transfer of photo-generated electrons from the defective sites to the SAs, and in turn an enhanced separation of electron–hole pairs and charge-carrier transmission. The Pt-Au/R-TNTs with 0.33 wt% of SA metals, exhibited a maximum of 149 times higher photocatalytic performance than unmodified R-TNT and a total apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 17.9%, in which the yield of CH4 and C2H6 reached to 360.0 and 28.8 µmol g− 1 h− 1, respectively. The metals loading shifted the oxidation path of H2O from •OH generation into O2 evolution, that inhibited the self-oxidization of the photocatalyst.
Thermolabile Drug Storage in an Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Pazo-Oubiña Fernando do , Alorda-Ladaria Bartomeu , Gómez-Lobon Ana , Vallespir Bàrbara Boyeras , Estelrich Maria Margalida Santandreu , Puigserver Clara Martorell , Zamora María Gómez , Bosch Pere Ventayol , Sánchez Olga Delgado 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMore and thermolabile drugs are becoming available, and in most cases, these medications are dispensed to ambulatory patients. However, there is no regulation once medications are dispensed to patients and little is known with regard to what happens during transport and home storage. Previous studies suggest that these drugs are improperly stored. The present study was designed to determine the storage conditions of thermolabile drugs once they are dispensed to the patient in the Hospital Pharmacy Department.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study to assess the temperature profile of 7 thermolabile drugs once they are dispensed to ambulatory patients at a tertiary care hospital. A data logger was added to the medication packaging. Temperature was considered inappropriate if one of the following circumstances were met: any temperature record less than or equal to 0ºC or over 25ºC; temperatures between 0-2ºC or 8ºC-25ºC for a continuous period over 30 minutes. The time series of temperature measurements obtained from each data logger were analyzed as statistically independent variables. The data shown did not undergo any statistical treatment and must be considered directly related to thermal measurements.ResultsOne hundred and fourteen patients were included and 107 patients were available for the analysis. On the whole, a mean of 50.6 days (SD 18.3) were measured and the mean temperature was 6.88ºC (SD 2.93). Three data loggers (2.8%) maintained all the measurements between 2ºC and 8ºC with less than 3 continuous data (< 30 minutes) out of this range but no data over 25ºC or below or equal to 0ºC. 28 (26.2%) data loggers had at least one measurement below zero, 1 data logger had a measurement greater than 25ºC and 75 (70.1%) were between 0ºC and 2ºC and/or between 8º and 25ºC for more than 30 minutes.ConclusionsOnce dispensed to patients, most thermolabile drugs are improperly stored. Future studies should focus on clinical consequences and possible solutions.
Alleviation of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-induced Skin Toxicity by Modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Cream in Cancer Patients
Authors: Lee Ming-Yang , Lin Mei-Yi , Chang Yu-Ju , Tseng Yu-Ting , Huang I-An , Siao Ying-Yu , Liu Yi-Wen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. The EGFRIs and TKIs are effective for cancer target therapy, but the acneiform rashes or called inflammatory papulopustular exanthemas are common (50% to 100%). The conventional therapy for EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity is steroids and antibiotics, but their effect is still limited. In this study, a modified Chinese herbal medicine Huang Lian Jie Du decoction cream with Yin-Cold (YC) medicine characteristic was investigated for the effect on patients suffering EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity.Methods. The modified Huang Lian Jie Du (mHLJD) decoction cream was made from 10 herbal medicines including 4 major medicines (Huanglian, Huangqin, Huangbo, and Zhizi) in traditional HLJD decoction. Patients with EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity were enrolled. Patients were excluded if they also used other cream for the skin toxicity. Skin conditions were follow up every 2 weeks. The patients’ characteristics, the skin toxicities and treatment response were recorded and analyzed after using mHLJD decoction cream for 1~2 months.Results. The mHLJD decoction cream and its subpackages were stored at 4℃ before use. Thirty-four patients who had grade 1-3 skin toxicities after receiving EGFRIs or TKIs were enrolled. Five patients were withdrawal or excluded, 2 patients with paronychia syndrome had no improvement and were excluded, too. Finally, data from 27 patients were analyzed. The mean grade of rash acneiform was decreased from 2.23 (ranged 1 to 3) to 0.38 (ranged 0 to 1) after mHLJD decoction cream treatment for 1~2 months. And the mean grade of dry skin was decreased from 1.57 (ranged 1 to 2) to 0.77 (ranged 0 to 1). The changes of skin toxicity were significant and no obvious adverse events.Conclusions. In summary, the mHLJD decoction cream is effective for alleviation of EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin rash acneiform and dry skin. And mHLJD decoction cream has no effect in patients with paronychia syndrome.
Global Scenarios of Resource and Emissions Savings from Systemic Material Efficiency in Buildings and Cars
Authors: Pauliuk Stefan , Heeren Niko , Berrill Peter , Fishman Tomer , Nistad Andrea , Tu Qingshi , Wolfram Paul , Hertwich Edgar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Material production now accounts for 23% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Resource efficiency and circular economy policies promise emission reductions through reducing material use, but their potential contribution to climate change mitigation has not yet been quantified. Here we present a high-resolution approach for tracking material flows and energy use of products throughout their life cycles, focusing on passenger vehicles and residential buildings. We estimate future changes in material flows and operational energy use due to increased yields, light-weight designs, material substitution, increased service efficiency, extended service life, and increased reuse and recycling. Together, these material efficiency strategies can reduce cumulative global GHG emissions until 2060 by 16-39 Gt CO2e (passenger vehicles) and 28-72 Gt CO2e (residential buildings), depending on climate policy assumptions. The use of wood and more intensive use are promising strategies in residential buildings. Ride sharing and car sharing are best for residential buildings.
A Modified Method to Treat Severe Asymptomatic Pre-Existing Degeneration of Adjacent Segment: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhang Xinliang , Zhu Jinwen , Li Yibing , Hao Dingjun , Gao Wenjie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Pre-existing degeneration of adjacent segment is an important risk factor for adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), but limited and controversial studies have addressed its management.Methods: Patients with symptomatic degeneration of the L5/S1 segment warranting surgical interference and severe asymptomatic degeneration of the L4/5 segment were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, those who underwent interbody fusion in the causative (L5/S1) segment and distraction of the intervertebral space and facet fusion in the adjacent L4/5 segment were included as Group A (n=103). Patients who underwent interbody fusion in both L5/S1 and L4/5 segments were included as Group B (n=81). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated.Results: Mean follow-up was 58.5 months (range, 48-75 m). No significant difference in clinical outcomes or the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration in L3/4 segment was found between Groups A and B. Compared with Group B, less bleeding (315±84 vs. 532±105 ml), shorter operation time (107±34 vs. 158±55 min) and lower costs (13,830±2640 vs. 16,020±3380 US$) were found in Group A (P<0.05). In Group A, disc height ratio (DHR) of L4/5 segment was significantly increased from preoperative value of 0.40±0.13 to last follow-up value of 0.53±0.18 (P<0.05), while the degree of canal stenosis (DCS) was decreased from preoperative value of 34.3±11.2% to last follow-up value of 15.9±9.3% (P<0.05). Conclusions: This modified method could be effective in treating severe asymptomatic pre-existing degeneration of adjacent segment in lumbar spine.
Concomitant Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair with Cholecystectomy: A Multicentric Study
Authors: Preda Silviu-Daniel , Konstantinos Sapalidis , Zarogoulidis Paul , Bințintan Vasile Virgil , Cristian Daniel Alin , Bică Marius , Pătrașcu Ștefan , Pantea Stelian , Patru Daniela , Romanidis Konstantinos , Șurlin Marin Valeriu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Concomitant surgery refers to performing two or more surgical operations on one patient under the same anesthesia. Methods We performed a retrospective multicenter study from October 2016 to October 2019, analyzing patients who underwent laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair. We extracted data of patients who underwent concomitant laparoscopic surgery for both hiatal hernia repair and cholecystectomy in the following Clinics: 1st Clinic of Surgery of Craiova Emergency Clinical County Hospital, “Colțea” Hospital, 3rd Clinic of Surgery of Cluj-Napoca and 3rd Surgery Clinic of University General Hospital of Thessaloniki and identified 20 patients who underwent hiatal hernia repair and had an added cholecystectomy. Allocation of data by hiatal hernia type showed 6 type IV hernia (complex hernia), 13 type III hernias (mixed type) and 1 type I hernia (sliding hernia). Out of the 20 cases analyzed; 19 were chronic cholecystitis and one patient presented with acute cholecystitis. Average operating time was 168 minutes. Blood loss was minimum. Cruroraphy was performed in all cases, mesh reinforcement was added in 5 cases, and fundoplication was added in all cases: 3 Toupet, 2 Dorr and 15 Floppy-Nissen. Fundopexy was routinely added in cases with Toupet fundoplication. Cholecystectomy was performed in the following manner: 19 retrograde, 1 bipolar. Results All patients had favorable postoperative hospitilisation. Patient follow up was at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, with no sign of recurrence for hiatal hernia (anatomical or symptomatic) and no postcholecystectomy syndrome. Conclusion Concomitant laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair and cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible option for patients with indication of surgery for both pathologies.
hMAGEA2 Promotes Cell Growth and Tumorigenicity in Melanoma
Authors: Yi Junkoo , Park Song , Huang Hai , Zhang Haibo , Kim Eun Gyung , Liu Kang Dong , Choi Seong Kyoon , Ryoo Zae Young , Kim Myoung-Ok 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Melanoma is one of the most malignant skin cancers, and its incidence continues to rise worldwide, especially in fair-skinned populations. A clinical challenge with melanoma is that it has no unique or specific clinical presentation. The clinical presentation of melanoma varies with the anatomic localization, type of growth, and histopathology. Proteins belonging to the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGEA) gene family are typically expressed in germline cells but differentially expressed in a variety of human cancers, particularly melanoma. Melanoma-associated antigen 2 (MAGEA2) is such a protein. In this study, we investigated whether the expression of human MAGEA2 (hMAGEA2) is associated with melanoma. Methods: SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cell lines were used to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the progression and invasiveness of melanoma. A melanoma human tissue array was used to examine the correlation between the progression of melanoma and expression of hMAGEA2Results: hMAGEA2 is overexpressed in human melanoma tissues, including metastatic tissues. In SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells, overexpression of hMAGEA2 increased cellular proliferation and colony formation, whereas hMAEGA2 knockdown suppressed cellular proliferation, colony formation, and migration. Conclusion: These results show that the hMAGEA2 protein plays a role in the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, and it is correlated with melanoma metastasis. Therefore, hMAGEA2 contributes to the progression of melanoma and may be a diagnostic and novel therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma metastasis patients.
Timing of COVID-19 Vaccine Approval and Endorsement by Public Figures
Authors: Bokemper Scott E. , Huber Gregory A. , Gerber Alan S. , James Erin K. , Omer Saad B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The global spread of COVID-19 has created an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine. However, even if a safe and medically effective vaccine is developed, hesitancy by citizens to receive it would undercut its effectiveness as a tool for limiting the spread of COVID-19.1,2,3 A potential driver of hesitancy in the United States is the politicization of a potential vaccine, including when one might be approved with respect to the presidential election and which public figures are endorsing its safety and efficacy.4,5 Using a pair of randomized survey experiments, we show that announcing approval of a COVID-19 vaccine one week before the election compared to one week after considerably reduces both beliefs about its safety and efficacy and willingness to receive it. However, endorsement by Dr. Anthony Fauci increases reported beliefs about safety and willingness to receive a vaccine among all partisan subgroups. Further, an endorsement by Dr. Fauci increased uptake and confidence in safety even if a vaccine receives pre-election approval. The results here suggest that perceptions of political influence in COVID-19 vaccine approval could significantly undermine the viability of a vaccine as a strategy to end the pandemic.
Identification of key genes associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by combining multiple analytical methods
Authors: Zhao Yong , Yang Shengnan , Dong Weigang , Li Yuechuan , Feng Jing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) with unclear etiology and lack of effective diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic targets. This study aimed to identify the key genes associated with IPF through multiple microarray datasets. two datasets including GSE32537 and GSE110147 retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used as training dataset (N =169) and external validation dataset (N =33). A total of 365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between normal tissue and IPF tissue in the training dataset. Function enrichment analysis result indicated that these genes were involved in cell proliferation, response to stimulus, cellular process and immune system process. We then constructed a protein-protein network (PPI) using the cytoscape software based on the DEGs and the hub modules were screened using the MCODE algorithm. Then the DEGs from hub modules were further exploited into Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM) analysis in the training dataset. 13 key genes including SERPIND1, CDH2, CP, WDR63, DNAH5, FGG, THBS1, VCAM1, COL1A2, POSTN, CXCL12, MMP13, SERPINE1 were further validated in the validation dataset. In addition, we also applied the CIBERSORT algorithm to evaluate the infiltration level of immune cells in IPF tissue, and the correlation between key genes and infiltrating immune cells. We identified that Plasma cells, CD4 naive T cells, NK resting cells, Monocytes, Mast resting cells and Neutrophils might involved in the process of IPF. Moreover, we also identified several drugs including pregnenolone, indoprofen, ramipril, inburnine may contribute to the treatment of IPF. In conclusion, the 13 genes might serve as potential diagnostic markers of IPF, and the immune cell infiltration plays an essential role in the occurrence and progression of IPF.
A characteristic turning point between summer and autumn in north China
Authors: Xie Yaoqin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is generally believed that seasonal alternation is a gradual process marked by temperature. Explored from a large data set containing 1,686,528 data points of temperature, humidity and sunshine duration, we established a seasonal dynamic model of north China. Based on the model, we discovered a turning point on the 220th day in the annual average distribution of humidity and sunshine duration, which can be used as a characteristic node to define the date of summer-autumn alternation in north China. Our results demonstrate that the alternation of summer and autumn is not a gradual process in this region, but a mutation in the annual distributions of humidity and sunshine duration, thus revealing the statistical invariance based on the local knowledge. The study also shows that humidity and sunshine duration can better reflect the climate characteristics of north China than temperature. Because the model is region-specific, the proposed method using big data can be further extended to quantitatively define other seasonal alternations and explore other climate characteristics in different regions, so as to benefit indigenous knowledge-based climate prediction.
A Qualitative Analysis of Factors Related to Unsafe Work Behaviors Among Environmental Service Workers in the COVID-19 Era: Perspectives of Workers, and Safety Managers: The Case of Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Tamene Aiggan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The Environmental service profession is hazardous, partially because of the work's inherently dangerous nature. Thus, injuries, accidents, and illnesses result in substantial financial and social losses. The most common immediate cause of these work-related incidents is unsafe work-behavior; the first step in taking steps to prevent unsafe behavior is to recognize the factors promoting it. The goal of this study was to (a) investigate the attitudes and perceptions of safety among the employees and safety managers of Coronavirus treatment hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and (b) identify the factors that inhibit safe work behaviors.Methods: Two qualitative data collection approaches, namely key informant interviews and individual in-depth interviews, were used to collect data for this study. Twenty-five participants were recruited from three Coronavirus treatment facilities using a modified convenience sampling strategy, and interviews were conducted to gain a detailed understanding of factors that serve as barriers to safe work behavior. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in Amharic (the local language) and then translated into English. Open Code 4.02 was used for thematic analysis.Results: Poor safety management and supervision, unsafe work environment, and perceptions, skills, and training level of employees were established as the major factors associated with the prevailing unsafe work behavior among environmental service employees.Conclusions: The present study showed that different types of personal and environmental factors may discourage safe work behavior among environmental service workers. To minimize or remove these risk factors for unsafe behaviors, the individual's obligation is important, but the role of management is critical in providing resources for safe work behavior.