bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<p class="Body"><strong>The Tetranychoidea, Tarsonemidae and Tydeoidea mite complex on Florida citrus between 1954 and 2014: pests or beneficials?</strong></p>
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Ueckermann Edward A. 
Published: July 2020

A survey of the mite fauna on citrus was conducted in 542 dooryard trees in the following counties: Dade (24), Broward (127), Palm Beach (68), Martin (35), St. Lucie (20), Indian River (11), Collier (23), Lee (37), Charlotte (20), Sarasota (67), Manatee (18), Pinellas (59), Polk (32), and Highlands (1) to update our knowledge of the mite complex on Florida citrus. We also sampled 25 varietal citrus trees at two research centers in Polk and Dade Counties. A third block of 'Tahiti' lime trees was sampled at the Tropical Research & Education Center in Dade County. At least 787 commercial citrus trees were also sampled in Florida between 2009 and 2014. Here we report the frequency and occurrence of the Tetranychoidea, Tarsonemidae and Tydeoidea on those trees. Previous field studies of the Tarsonemidae and Tydeoidea on citrus in Florida between 1993-2003, a horticultural mineral oil (HMO) field study during 1994-1996 and M. H. Muma from 1961-1975 are included for comparison. Eutetranychus species near orientalis was collected from a lemon tree in Broward County. This is a new record of this species on Florida citrus. Additional new records of mites on Florida citrus include Tarsonemidae: Fungitarsonemus setillus Sousa et al, Tarsonemus confusus Ewing, and Tarsonemus waitei Banks; Tydeoidea: (Iolinidae)- Parapronematus n sp, Neopronematus n sp; (Triophtydeidae): Triophtydeus immanis Kuznetzov, T. n sp; (Tydeidae): Afrotydeus n sp, Brachytydeus sp near australiensis, B. n sp, Pretydeus sp near reticulatus, and Tydeus sp near munsteri. Seven species of tarsonemids were collected from dooryard and varietal block citrus during the 2009-2014 survey compared with one species from commercial citrus trees. A total of 27 species of Tarsonemidae were collected from citrus in Florida between 1954 and 2014. Thirteen species of Tydeoidea were collected from dooryard and varietal block citrus trees during the 2009-2014 survey compared with 4 species from commercial citrus trees. A total of 31 species of Tydeoidea were collected from citrus in Florida between 1961-2014. The roles that different species of tarsonemid and tydeoid mites have as plant feeders, fungivores, mycophages, or predators of one or more phytophagous mites are discussed.
Standardized Lab Shoes Do Not Decrease Loading Rate Variability in Recreational Runners
Authors: Hunter Jessica G. , Smith Alexander M.B. , Sciarratta Lena M. , Suydam Stephen , Shim Jae Kun , Miller Ross H. 
Published: July 2020

Studies of running mechanics often use a standardized lab shoe, ostensibly to reduce variance between subjects; however, this may induce unnatural running mechanics. The purpose of this study was to compare the step rate, vertical average loading rate, and ground contact time when running in standardized lab shoes versus participants’ normal running shoes. Ground reaction forces were measured while the participants ran overground in both shoe conditions at a self-selected speed. The Student’s t-test revealed that the vertical average loading rate magnitude was smaller in lab shoes versus normal shoes (42.09 [11.08] vs 47.35 [10.81] body weight/s, P = .013), while the step rate (170.92 [9.43] vs 168.98 [9.63] steps/min, P = .053) and ground contact time were similar (253 [25] vs 251 [20] ms, P = .5227) and the variance of all outcomes was similar in lab shoes versus normal shoes. Our results indicate that using standardized lab shoes during testing may underestimate the loads runners actually experience during their typical mileage.
Being Mindful of Perfectionism and Performance among Collegiate Gymnasts: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Van Dyke Erika D. , Metzger Aaron , Zizzi Sam J. 
Published: July 2020

Little research has integrated mindfulness and perfectionism, particularly within sports wherein athletes are judged on performance to a standard of perfection. The current study had two primary aims: (a) to explore profiles of mindfulness and perfectionism among intercollegiate gymnasts through a person-centered approach and (b) to analyze differences in objective performance across the resulting profiles. The analytic sample consisted of 244 NCAA gymnasts who completed self-report measures of mindfulness and perfectionism. Competitive performance records (i.e., national qualifying scores) were then gathered for participating gymnasts. Cluster analyses revealed a three-cluster solution; however, significant performance differences were not observed across the three profiles due to lower than desired power. Small to moderate effect size estimates provided some evidence that perfectionism may be adaptive to gymnastics performance. Elite-level athletes were represented across three distinct profiles, suggesting that more than one profile of characteristics may be adaptive for reaching high levels of performance.
Boys and Girls Have Similar Gains in Fundamental Motor Skills Across a Preschool Motor Skill Intervention
Authors: Palmer Kara K. , Harkavy Danielle , Rock Sarah M. , Robinson Leah E. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Motor skill interventions are effective for improving young children’s fundamental motor skills, but less is known regarding if boys and girls equally benefit from these interventions. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in preschool-aged boys’ and girls’ fundamental motor skills across an intervention.Methods: Sixty-eight children (Mage = 4.4 years,SD = 0.44) participated in the study and completed the Test of Gross Motor Development 2nd Edition before and after a 600-minute Children’s Health Activity Motor Program (CHAMP) intervention. All girls’ (n = 27) and a random subsample of boys’ (n = 27) total, locomotor subtest, object control skill subtests, and individual skills were compared before (pre) and after (post) CHAMP. Potential sex differences in treatment effects were examined by sex by treatment interactions from repeated measures ANOVA, and potential sex differences in individual skills before, after, and across (change) were examined using MANOVAs.Results: Boys and girls had similar motor skills before and after the intervention. Boys and girls had higher scores at posttest, and CHAMP was equally effective for boys and girls. Boys outperformed girls on the run and kick (p < .05) at posttest.Conclusion: Findings support that CHAMP improves skills for both preschool boys and girls.
The function of the thymus and its impact on modern medicine
Authors: Miller Jacques F. A. P. 
Published: July 2020

How the thymus shaped immunology
The function of the thymus was discovered by Jacques Miller in 1961 and laid a foundation for immunology and modern medicine. Until that time, researchers mistakenly believed the thymus merely represented a remnant of defunct lymph tissue, something of an immune cell graveyard. In a Review, Miller recounts the seminal experiments and conceptual thinking that led to uncovering the critical function of the thymus and provides insights that can be learned from those early days. How knowledge of thymus function subsequently spawned the field of T cell biology and the impact it has had on immune cell interactions, vaccination, cancer immunotherapy, and the microbiome are also discussed.

Science
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eaba2429
School-age outcomes following intraventricular haemorrhage in infants born extremely preterm
Authors: Hollebrandse Nicky Laura , Spittle Alicia J , Burnett Alice C , Anderson Peter J , Roberts Gehan , Doyle Lex W , Cheong Jeanie Ling Yoong 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the associations of different grades of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), particularly grades 1 and 2, with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 8 years of age in children born extremely preterm.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingState of Victoria, Australia.PatientsSurvivors born at <28 weeks’ gestational age (n=546) and matched term-born controls (n=679) from three distinct eras, namely, those born in 1991–1992, 1997 and 2005.ExposureWorst grade of IVH detected on serial neonatal cranial ultrasound.Outcome measuresIntellectual ability, executive function, academic skills, cerebral palsy and motor function at 8 years.ResultsThere was a trend for increased motor dysfunction with increasing severity of all grades of IVH, from 24% with no IVH, rising to 92% with grade 4 IVH. Children with grade 1 or 2 IVH were at higher risk of developing cerebral palsy than those without IVH (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.16). Increased rates of impairment in intellectual ability and academic skills were observed with higher grades of IVH, but not for grade 1 and 2 IVH. Parent-rated executive functioning was not related to IVH.ConclusionWhile low-grade IVH is generally considered benign, it was associated with higher rates of cerebral palsy in school-aged children born EP, but not with intellectual ability, executive function, academic skills or overall motor function. Higher grades of IVH were associated with higher rates and risks of impairment in motor function, intellectual ability and some academic skills, but not parental ratings of executive function.
Impact of COVID-19 on diagnosis and management of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease during lockdown: a UK nationwide study
Authors: Ashton James John , Kammermeier Jochen , Spray Christine , Russell Richard K , Hansen Richard , Howarth Lucy J , Torrente Franco , Deb Protima , Renji Elizabeth , Muhammed Rafeeq , Paul Thankam , Kiparissi Fevronia , Epstein Jenny , Lawson Maureen , Hope Ben , Zamvar Veena , Narula Priya , Kadir Ahmed , Devadason David , Bhavsar Hemant , Beattie Robert Mark 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCOVID-19 has impacted on healthcare provision. Anecdotally, investigations for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been restricted, resulting in diagnosis with no histological confirmation and potential secondary morbidity. In this study, we detail practice across the UK to assess impact on services and document the impact of the pandemic.MethodsFor the month of April 2020, 20 tertiary paediatric IBD centres were invited to contribute data detailing: (1) diagnosis/management of suspected new patients with IBD; (2) facilities available; (3) ongoing management of IBD; and (4) direct impact of COVID-19 on patients with IBD.ResultsAll centres contributed. Two centres retained routine endoscopy, with three unable to perform even urgent IBD endoscopy. 122 patients were diagnosed with IBD, and 53.3% (n=65) were presumed diagnoses and had not undergone endoscopy with histological confirmation. The most common induction was exclusive enteral nutrition (44.6%). No patients with a presumed rather than confirmed diagnosis were started on anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy.Most IBD follow-up appointments were able to occur using phone/webcam or face to face. No biologics/immunomodulators were stopped. All centres were able to continue IBD surgery if required, with 14 procedures occurring across seven centres.ConclusionsDiagnostic IBD practice has been hugely impacted by COVID-19, with >50% of new diagnoses not having endoscopy. To date, therapy and review of known paediatric patients with IBD has continued. Planning and resourcing for recovery is crucial to minimise continued secondary morbidity.
Fifteen-year incidence rate and risk factors of pterygium in the Southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Khanna Rohit C , Marmamula Srinivas , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Mettla Asha Latha , Giridhar Pyda , Banerjee Seema , Shekhar Konegari , Chakrabarti Subhabrata , Murthy Gudlavalleti V S , Gilbert Clare E , Rao Gullapalli Nageswara 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo report 15-year incidence rate and associated risk factors of pterygium among people aged 30 years and above at baseline in the rural clusters of longitudinal Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS III).MethodsThe baseline APEDS I included 7771 participants of which 6447 (83%) were traced and 5395 (83.7%) were re-examined in APEDS III. To estimate the incidence of pterygium, we selected participants who were 30 years and above at baseline (4188), of which 2976 were traced and 2627 (88.3%) were examined, and based on inclusion criteria, 2290 participants were included in the study. The incidence rate of pterygium was defined as the proportion of people free of pterygium at baseline who had developed the condition at 15-year follow-up (range 13–17 years). Univariate and multivariable analyses for risk factors were undertaken.ResultsThe sex-adjusted incidence rate of pterygium was 25.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI 24.8 to 25.7) which was significantly higher for men than women (26.3 per 100 person-years (95% CI 25.6 to 27.0) and 24.7 (95% CI 24.1 to 25.3) respectively). At the multivariable analysis, male gender (RR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.83), no formal education (RR: 2.46, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.93), outdoor occupation (RR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.9) and lower body mass index (BMI) (<18.5) (RR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.55) were associated with increased risk of pterygium.ConclusionsThe overall incidence rate of pterygium was high in this rural population, especially in men and those engaged in outdoor activities, lack of formal education and with lower BMI. It is likely that greater exposure to ultraviolet light is a major contributing factor, thus warranting preventive strategies.
Intraocular pressure and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA): distributions and associations
Authors: McCann Paul , Hogg Ruth , Wright David M , Chakravarthy Usha , Peto Tunde , Cruise Sharon , McGuinness Bernardette , Young Ian S , Kee Frank , Azuara-Blanco Augusto 
Published: July 2020

AimsTo describe the distributions of and associations with intraocular pressure (IOP) and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cRNFL) thickness in a population-based study.MethodsNorthern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing participants underwent a computer-assisted personal interview, a self-completion questionnaire and a health assessment (HA). At the HA, participants underwent IOP measurement using Ocular Response Analyser and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with Heidelberg Spectralis. Participants also underwent a range of anthropometric, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, cognition and blood tests. Participants who attended the HA and had a vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) measurement in at least one eye were eligible for the study. Participants without any IOP or cRNFL measurements were excluded from the respective analyses.ResultsThere were 3221 participants eligible for this study (5753 eyes included in the IOP analysis and 5461 eyes included in the cRNFL analysis). The mean (SD) Goldmann correlated IOP (IOPg) was 15.39 mm Hg (3.55 mm Hg). The mean (SD) average global cRNFL thickness was 94.39 µm (11.18 µm). Increased IOPg was associated with increased age, male sex, hypertension, refractive error (myopic decrease in spherical equivalent) and increased corneal resistance factor, while beta-blocker drug use was associated with lower IOPg in the fully adjusted multivariate analysis. Thinner average global cRNFL was associated with Alzheimer’s disease in the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted model. In the fully adjusted multivariate analysis, increased age, male sex, left eyes, hypertension, increased VCDR, refractive error (myopic decrease in spherical equivalent) and increased IOPg were associated with thinner average global cRNFL, while Parkinson’s disease and current (vs never) smoking status were associated with thicker average global cRNFL.ConclusionsIncreased IOP and reduced cRNFL were associated with increased age, myopic refractive error, male sex and hypertension. Alzheimer’s disease was associated with thinner average global cRNFL, while Parkinson’s disease was associated with thicker average global cRNFL.
Quality of life measured by EQ-5D at different treatment time points for coronary artery disease: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lum Elaine , McCreanor Victoria , Luo Nan , Graves Nicholas 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionCardiovascular disease is estimated to affect 423 million people globally. It caused 18 million deaths in 2017 and is projected to cost US$1 trillion by 2030 worldwide. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of cardiovascular disease; CAD treatments can affect patients’ quality of life. Valuations of quality of life or health utilities are important for economic evaluations to ascertain relative health benefit when comparing treatments, and can be expected to change for individuals over time. The purpose of this systematic review is to estimate the quality of life of patients with CAD reported through the EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire, from short to longer term time points following different treatments.Methods and analysisPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the EuroQol website will be systematically searched from January 2003–March 2020. Published, peer-reviewed, English language studies assessing quality of life of patients with CAD using the EQ-5D will be included. One researcher will conduct the search; two researchers will independently screen titles and abstracts for potential inclusion. Full texts of potentially eligible studies will be retrieved for a second round of independent screening against inclusion and exclusion criteria by two researchers. The final list of included studies will be assessed for risk of bias using the RoB 2 and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools for randomised and non-randomised studies, respectively. Data extraction will be done by one researcher, with data extraction for a random 10% of included studies checked by a second researcher. Mean utility weights for individual studies will be combined using random effects model meta-analyses. A model will be run separately for each time point and treatment. Treatment time points of interest include baseline, 30 days, 6 months, 12–24 months and more than 24 months. Subgroup analysis of patients with diabetes who received interventional treatments—coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention with or without stents, will be conducted for the same selected time points.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for systematic reviews. Results of the review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Prescription medication use as a risk factor for motor vehicle collisions: a responsibility study
Authors: Asbridge Mark , Macnabb Kathleen , Chan Herbert , Erdelyi Shannon , Wilson Maria , Brubacher Jeffrey R 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPrevious studies on the effect of prescription medications on MVCs are sparse, not readily applicable to real-world driving and/or subject to strong selection bias. This study examines whether the presence of prescription medication in drivers’ blood is associated with being responsible for MVC.MethodsThis modified case–control study with responsibility analysis compares MVC responsibility rates among drivers with detectable levels of six classes of prescription medications (anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, opioids) versus those without. Data were collected between January 2010 and July 2016 from emergency departments in British Columbia, Canada. Collision responsibility was assessed using a validated and automated scoring of police collision reports. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine OR of responsibility (analysed in 2018–2019).ResultsUnadjusted regression models show a significant association between anticonvulsants (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.09; p=0.007), antipsychotics (OR 5.00; 95% CI 1.16 to 21.63; p=0.03) and benzodiazepines (OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.56 to 5.75; p=0.001) with collision responsibility. Fully adjusted models show a significant association between benzodiazepines with collision responsibility (aOR 2.29; 95% CI 1.16 to 4.53; p=0.02) after controlling for driver characteristics, blood alcohol and Δ−9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations, and the presence of other prescription medications. Antidepressants, antihistamines and opioids exhibited no significant associations.ConclusionThere is a moderate increase in the risk of a responsible collision among drivers with detectable levels of benzodiazepines in blood. Physicians and pharmacists should consider collision risk when prescribing or dispensing benzodiazepines. Public education about benzodiazepine use and driving and change to traffic policy and enforcement measures are warranted.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients: humoral versus cell-mediated immunity
Authors: Wei Jia , Zhao Jianping , Han Meifang , Meng Fankai , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed unprecedented pressure on various healthcare systems, including departments that use immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and immunosuppression therapy in organ transplantation units. The true impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on immunocompromised CAR T-cell therapy recipients and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) has not yet been established.Case presentationIn this report, we compare two patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in either the humoral or cell-mediated immunodeficient states. The first patient was a man in his early 30s who was diagnosed with refractory multiple myeloma. He received fully humanized, anti-B-cell maturation antigen, CAR T-cell therapy before 4 months and achieved strict complete remission. He was infected with SARS-CoV-2 starting on January 26, 2019 and gradually progressed to severe pneumonia. Throughout the clinical progression of the disease, SARS-CoV-2 could not be cleared due to his humoral immunodeficient state. During this period of his severe COVID-19 pneumonia, elevated cytotoxic T-cells were observed in this patient’s peripheral blood while elevated plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and ferritin were observed in his cytokine profiles. This patient eventually progressed into acute respiratory distress syndrome and recieved non-invasive ventilatory support. He failed to generate specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and died of respiratory failure on day 33 (d33). The second patient was a 52-year-old kidney transplant recipient (KTR) who took ciclosporin after renal transplantation for more than 7 years. He confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection on January 20, 2019 and gradually progressed into severe pneumonia on d16 with a slightly elevated B-cell percentage and normal T-lymphocyte subsets. Viral clearance occurred together with the generation of specific anti-immunoglobulin G-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after 2 weeks of treatment. He was symptom-free and discharged from the hospital on d42.ConclusionWe report a CAR T-cell therapy recipient diagnosed with COVID-19 for the first time. His virus clearance failure and life-threating cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection suggested that any decision to proceed CAR T-cell therapy during COVID-19 pandemics will require extensive discussion of potential risks and benefits. Immunosuppressant treatment based on ciclosporin could be relatively safe for KTRs diagnosed with COVID-19.Trial registration numberChiCTR-OPN-1800018137.