bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THE ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF THE COMBINED ADMINISTRATION OF THREE NATURAL EXTRACTS IN A POLOXAMER-407 HYPERLIPIDEMIC MODEL AND THEIR LC-ESI-MS/MS2 AND HPLC PROFILING
Authors: MINA S. A. , EL-MAKSOUD A. M. ABD , MOHAMMED H. S. , FOUAD M. A. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Dyslipidaemia is considered a high-risk factor for inducing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aims to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the co-administration of the ethanol extracts of both ginger (root and rhizome) and leek (leaves and bulbs) in addition to the aqueous extract of gum arabic.
Methods: Rats were divided into eight groups: Hyperlipidaemia was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of Poloxamer 407 (P-407) [1 g/kg], negative control [saline injected], hyperlipidemic control [P-407 injected], positive control [Atorvastatin 70 mg/kg], groups four, five and six received ginger extract (400 mg/kg), leek extract (500 mg/kg) and gum arabic aqueous extract (7.5 g/kg) respectively and groups seven and eight received a co-administration of ginger, leek and gum arabic extracts at doses A and B respectively. Lipid profile was monitored. The profiling of all the tested extracts was performed by LC-ESI/MS and HPLC.
Results: A significant anti-hyperlipidemic activity (P<0.05) was seen for group eight among all the tested groups producing ≈54%, 72%, 50% and 72% decrease in the measured parameters total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) respectively. An overall of 56 and 45 compounds were tentatively identified in the ethanol extracts of ginger and leek, respectively. Galactose and arabinose sugars were found to be the major saccharides in gum arabic and glucuronic acid was the major polyuronide part.
Conclusion: the co-administration of a group of natural extracts in the given concentration proved to be more effective than the use of synthetic drugs or the use of a single component.
SIMAROUBA GLAUCA BARK EXTRACT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF IRON OXIDE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL, CYTOTOXIC AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: JOSE BEENA , MARTIN RIYA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study is the synthesis of iron oxide and silver nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca aqueous bark extract, characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles and evaluation of their antimicrobial, photocatalytic activity and cytotoxicity.
Methods: The iron oxide and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Simarouba glauca aqueous bark extract and crystal structures of the nanoparticles were determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the silver nanoparticles was evaluated using Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cells. The antibacterial assay of the silver nanoparticles was conducted using agar well diffusion method.
Results: The UV-Visible spectrum of iron oxide nanoparticle showed an absorption maximum at 280 nm and silver nanoparticles showed an absorption maximum at 436 nm. This is XRD pattern of iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a characteristic peak at 26.85 is of maghemite the corresponding miller indices is (211) and the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles are amorphous in nature. TEM image reveals the size of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles in the range of 26-30 nm and the size of silver nanoparticles is in the range of 120-140 nm.
Green synthesized iron nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca bark extract effectively degraded methylene blue dye.
Conclusion: This study showed that the synthesized iron oxide and silver nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca aqueous bark extract exhibited pronounced antibacterial, anticancer and photocatalytic activity and can be used in the textile industry and also as an external antiseptic in prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST DIETHYL NITROSAMIN AND CARBON TETTRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN RATS
Authors: HASSEN MARWA T. , AHMED NAJAT JABBAR , MOHAMED HANAA K. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Hepatic cancer is known as primary liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Newly silver nanoparticles gained importance due to its advantages and multiple potential such as molecular imaging agent, antimicrobial, wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. The current study deals to assess therapeutic property silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against diethylnitrosamine (DENA), and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced hepatic cancer.
Methods: Thirty male albino rats (200-250g) were distributed into four groups and hepatic cancer was induced with a single intraperitoneal dose of 200 mg/kg body weight of DENA. Two weeks later, animals received subcutaneous injections of CCl4 once a week in a dose of 3 ml/kg body weight for 6weeks. Serum biomarkers, antioxidants enzymes, inflammatory markers were evaluated to find the anti-proliferative potential of silver nanoparticles. Histological evaluation and microscopic reports were also done to document the results of the current work.
Results: AgNPs significantly recover the serum marker enzymes of hepatic parameter AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin and also decreased the levels of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α. Histopathological features also exhibited recovery of a hepatic architecture in cancer-induced rats. Moreover, the immunohistochemical investigation demonstrated that the levels of PCNA, and Caspase-3, which are hepatocarcinogenic markers, were significantly improved by AgNPs.
Conclusion: These results concluded that AgNPs showed promising curing effects on hepatocellular ailments.
PHARMACISTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION REGARDING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS IN PALESTINE: DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: QAWASMEH ABDEL A. , YAGHI BESSAN , KHRAIWESH ALAA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To assess pharmacists’ knowledge with regards registered dietary supplements DS and their perception toward DS registration by the ministry of health MOH
Methods: A questionnaire was designed to assess pharmacists’ knowledge about newly registered food supplements (registered after 2012) and to assess their view about the current measures followed by MOH in registering these supplements. The questionnaire was distributed to pharmacists in West Bank–Palestine during the period from December 2017 to March 2018. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS) version 10.
Results: Pharmacists’ knowledge with regards to registered DS was high with approximately 86% have recorded the right answers. Their perception about the current increasing registration of DS, pharmacists (67%) thinks that ‘what available DS in the market’ is enough and there is no need for more DS to be registered. Almost half of the pharmacists (48%) think that the information provided regarding dietary supplements is inadequate and almost 30% think is adequate. More than 70% of the pharmacists they never or rarely access the MOH web site to access for information about DS.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of controlling DS registration by the MOH and the necessity to effectively update pharmacists about these DS for effective counseling.
CEO Expertise and the Design of Compensation Contracts: Evidence from Generalist versus Specialist CEOs
Authors: Liu Chunbo , Shi Wei , Wei K. C. John 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Generalist CEOs receive higher pay than specialist CEOs. We examine the implications of CEO expertise for the structure of executive compensation. We follow contract theory and predict that information asymmetry induces generalist CEOs to overstate their ability to a larger extent when contracting with shareholders. Boards of directors take this into account by designing compensation contracts that link their pay more closely to firm performance. Our empirical results support this prediction, and the link is more pronounced when generalist CEOs are less known in the executive labor market or are hired externally. The results hold after we control for a battery of factors that potentially affect incentive pay, including firm characteristics and CEO ability. Overall, our results support the optimal contracting perspective of executive compensation and highlight the importance of CEO expertise generality in resolving adverse selection during the contracting process.
JEL Classifications: G34; J24; J33.
The rationale for relevance development of substrate-attribute model of information culture in the framework of the philosophy of culture
Authors: Afanasiev S. V. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction.The information society changes many familiar phenomena of traditional society. These include, first of all, culture, which acts as an indicator that civilization is moving to a new stage of development. In the information age, significant changes are taking place in the culture. In the works of scientists, a categorical apparatus is developed that allows describing and studying new phenomena. The category "information culture" is one of such innovations in the scientific literature. However, research shows that a unified approach to understanding the essence of this phenomenon has not yet developed.In the study of information culture, the issues of its relationship with society and the individual are well developed, and the possible social consequences of its development and implementation in all spheres of human life and activity are presented. However, the weak point or "white spot" remains the study of its nature, essential, attribute, and substrate properties.The purpose of this article is to substantiate the relevance of developing a substratum-attribute model of information culture within the framework of the philosophy of culture.Materials and Methods.The main research methods used were analytical review, analysis, grouping, generalization, comparison, and substrate approach.Results:the analysis of works devoted to the philosophical and cultural research of information culture has shown that researchers of the nature and essence of information culture as a category of cultural philosophy pay insufficient attention to the development of its substratum-attribute model. There are practically no complete system studies that result in the construction of a substratum-attribute model of information culture.Discussion and Conclusions.The studied models of information culture do not fully reflect its nature, essential features and qualities that allow us to understand the causes and mechanisms of its influence on the course of civilizational, social and anthropological changes. Therefore, the development of a substratum-attribute model of information culture is due to the need to identify the causes of possible changes in the generic qualities of a person that occur under its influence as a socio-cultural phenomenon.
Review of psychological studies of vandalism of children and adolescents as the basis for designing prevention programs in the educational environment
Authors: Volkova E. N. , Mititsina E. A. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction.The article provides an overview of Russian and foreign studies of vandalism among children and adolescents, which is carried out in order to highlight the personal and environmental determinants of vandal activity of students, as well as to determine the possibilities of taking them into account when developing methods for preventing vandal behavior.Materials and Methods.Analysis, generalization and structuring of research results, theoretical material and practical recommendations on the problem of vandal behavior of young people.Results.The total list of publications was 1499 russian and foreign works. 44 articles were selected for analysis in accordance with the issued criteria. The content of these works allows us to characterize the essence of vandalism and its types, age, gender and personal predictors of vandalism, protective and provocative factors of vandalism in the educational and family environment, as well as directions for its prevention.Discussion and Conclusions.The analysis will provide an opportunity to consider vandalism as a form of aggressive behavior of children and adolescents and to outline the prospects for the development of a program to prevent vandalism among students. As a research perspective, the need for a more detailed empirical study of situational factors and socio-psychological determinants that act as a trigger for vandal behavior, as well as taking into account Russian sociocultural conditions, is highlighted.
Mortality from malaria in France, 2005 to 2014
Authors: Kendjo Eric , Thellier Marc , Noël Harold , Jauréguiberry Stéphane , Septfons Alexandra , Mouri Oussama , Gay Frédérick , Tantaoui Ilhame , Caumes Eric , Houzé Sandrine , Piarroux Renaud ,   on behalf of the French imported malaria Study group
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Malaria is a notifiable disease in all European Union and European Economic Area countries except Belgium and France, where only autochthonous malaria is notifiable. Although morbidity caused by malaria has been assessed, little is known about mortality incidence.

Objective
Our aim was to estimate the number of imported malaria-related deaths in hospital in metropolitan France.

Methods
We matched individual deaths reported between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2014 to the French National Reference Centre for malaria (FNRCm) with malaria-related deaths from two other sources: the French National Registry on medical causes of death and the French national hospital discharge database. A capture–recapture method with log-linear modelling was used. Age, sex and place of death stratification were applied to remove heterogeneity.

Results
The estimated malaria-related deaths in metropolitan France during the study period were 205 (95% confidence interval (CI): 191–219). The annual mean number of malaria-related deaths was estimated at 21 (95% CI: 19–22). The FNRCm malaria-related deaths surveillance had a 38% sensitivity (95% CI: 32–44). Among 161 in-hospital individual malaria-related deaths reported from three data sources, the sex ratio (male to female) was 2.6. Median age of the patients was 57 years, ranging from 1 to 89 years.

Conclusion
The pertinent finding of this report is that malaria-related death records were significantly less* complete than case records. Therefore, data comparison of imported malaria morbidity and mortality between countries should imperatively be assessed using standard indicators weighted according to the completeness of health surveillance systems.
CLIMATIC TOURISM MOTIVES AND THEIR ROLE IN SPATIAL ORGANIZATION AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH-EASTERN REGION OF BOSNIA
Authors: Nezirović Senada 
Published: September 2020

The climate of the north-eastern Bosnia belongs to the moderate continental type, where there are certain specifics caused by relief, geographic position, proximity to the Pannonian basin, mountain central massif and the distance from the Adriatic Sea. The area of northeastern Bosnia has similar climate characteristics as well as the countries of Central Europe: warm summers, cold winters, chilly autumn and rainy spirng. The climate of northeastern Bosnia is influenced by a series of factors that determine all of its elements: air temperature, humidity, air pressure and sunshine duration.
This paper analyzes the basic climatic elements of the Northeastern Bosnia region. During the field research, the emphasis was placed on climate tourism motives and their role in spatial organization and development of tourism. On the basis of a shorter analysis, we tried to distinguish tourist areas and facilities with the dominant function of tourism, in which tourism can become a dominant economic activity.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN KENYAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS FIRMS
Authors: D.A. Ogolla , H. Kidombo , T.A. Senaji 
Published: September 2020

Employee retention is a major challenge facing many organizations today. The understanding of Generational differences at the workplace has been identified as a key requirement in implementing measures for effective employee retention. Within the telecommunications firms in Kenya, the problem of employee retention is a major challenge to the telecommunications firms. This paper thus examines the effect of generational differences on the retention of engineers in telecommunications firms in Kenya from the generational theory and generational cohorts theory perspective. This study used the cross-sectional and descriptive survey research design. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. We found that there exist a statistically significant variation in employee retention across the generational cohorts as observed through employee engagement, job satisfaction and organizational commitment (continuance commitment, affective commitment and normative commitment). These findings extend the theory regarding employees’ retention and have implication for employee retention practices which should be differentiated across the generational cohorts.
EFFECT OF DAMP AND TREATMENT METHODS ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN CALABAR METROPOLIS OF CROSS RIVER STATE
Authors: Emmanuel Ubi Stanley , Obun Paul Nkra , Reagan B Agbor , Tom Thankgod , Agbor Monday 
Published: September 2020

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of damp and treatment methods on residential buildings in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State. Damp is a pervasive problem for residential buildings. It is at times expressed in the most unlikely places under unexpected and unsettling conditions due to heavy rainfall. It is usually expressed at home, market, and neighborhood or within community. At different-occasions damp had cause many damages to school properties, destruction of roads especially during rainy season. To achieve the purpose of this study two research questions were formulated to direct the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of one hundred respondents was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. This was to give equal and independent opportunities to all the respondents to be selected for the study. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validation by experts in measurement and evaluation. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through the test re-test reliability method. The results of the respondents reveal that damp and treatment method significantly influence residential buildings in Calabar Metropolis. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the State government should construct good drainage system to enhance the free flow of stagnant water during or after rainfall in order not to cause damages to the buildings.
Multimedia Interaktif Tipe Adobe Flash CS6 Berbasis Kurikulum 2013 Dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Verbal Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Dwi agus setiawan  , Nur Kumala Farida 
Published: September 2020

Multimedia Interaktif Adobe flash CS6 merupakan media pembelajaran interaktif yang berbasis computer yang dikemas dalam sebuah CD (Compact Disk) yang didalamnya terdapat aplikasi interaktif dan juga memiliki komponen menu yang dapat di klik untuk dapat menampilkan suatu informasi tertentu didalamnya. Multimedia interaktif ini menggunakan kurikulum 2013 sebagai pedoman dalam mengemas pembelajaran yang interaktif dengan meningkatkan literasi verbal siswa SD. Penelitian dan pengemabangan ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menghasilkan produk berupa multimedia interaktif berbasis pembelajaran 2013 menggunakan software Adobe flas CS6. (2) Mengetahui kelayakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kurikulum 2013. 3) Mengetahui respon siswa terhadap multimedia pembelajaran interaktif tipe Adobe flash CS6 berbasis pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 dalam meningkatkan literasi verbal siswa SD. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan mengadopsi model ADDIE meliputi: analysis yaitu melakukan analisis kurikulum, analisis kebutuhan, analisis materi; design meliputi pengumpulan isi materi dan soal, desain tampilan, story board, komponen-komponen; development yaitu pembuatan media dan melakukan validasi ahli; implementasi yaitu uji coba produk; Evaluasi yaitu pembahasan produk setelah uji coba. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisa deskriptif presentase. Data hasil penelitian dari uji coba lapangan terbatas berjumlah 6 siswa dengan hasil presentase 83,3% dengan kategori “Valid” untuk digunakan oleh siswa kelas II SD sebagai sumber belajar. Uji coba lapangan lebih luas berjumlah 30 siswa dengan hasil presentase 92,7% dengan kategori “Sangat Valid” karena dengan menggunakan multimedia in teraktif ini sisiwa menjadi semangat belajar dan menjadi lebih aktif untuk digunakan oleh siswa kelas II SD sebagai sumber belajar, sedangkan hasil uji literasi verbal siswa mendapatkan persentase 86,20% dengan katagori sangat baik dan menambah pemahaman kepada peserta didik untuk memilki rasa antusias yang tinggi dalam gemar membaca. Saran pengembangan produk multimedia interaktif ini Perlu ada pelatihan bagi guru-guru dalam pembuatan multimedia.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Robotika Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Usia SD
Authors: Suwarsono Rossy Miselina , Muhid Abdul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Thinking skills become one of the important aspects in creating ideas, concepts, and creativity to make something new work. Thinking skills are very necessary for elementary school students because it involves instruments of development in themselves to be able to gain knowledge as well as insight in shaping creativity. Robotics activities are related to creative thinking skills, because this activity is not only done as an activity to develop ideas, concepts, and works but is one of the skills in thinking students to be able to explore their abilities so that students can train and improve their motor skills in creating ideas, concepts, and works in robotics activities.
Keywords: Thinking Skills, Robotics, Creativity, Personal Development