bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naphthalimide‐Based Aggregation‐Induced Emissive Polymeric Hydrogels for Fluorescent Pattern Switch and Biomimetic Actuators
Authors: Liu Hao , Wei Shuxin , Qiu Huiyu , Zhan Beibei , Liu Qingquan , Lu Wei , Zhang Jiawei , Ngai To , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSubstituted naphthalimide (NI) moieties are highly versatile and newly recognized aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) building blocks for many potentially useful smart molecules, polymers, and nanoparticles. However, the introduction of NI fluorophore into cross‐linked polymeric networks to prepare AIE‐active hydrogels still remains underdeveloped. Herein, a novel naphthalimide‐based aggregation‐induced emissive polymeric hydrogel is reported, followed by its proof‐of‐concept applications as fluorescence pattern switch and biomimetic actuator. The hydrogel, bearing semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks, is synthesized starting from N‐isopropylacrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and a newly designed NI monomer (4‐phenoxy‐N‐allyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide, PhAN). Rational molecular design for AIE‐active PhAN monomer lies in modification of the NI core with rigid and bulky phenoxy group to break its planarity to produce desirable propeller‐shaped molecular conformation. The as‐prepared hydrogel is proved to be a aggregation‐induced blue‐light‐emitting hydrogel. It also shows volume phase transition behavior and is endowed with thermally responsive synergistic emission and transmittance change, thus enabling simultaneous regulation of two optical properties merely by one single stimulus. These useful advantages further encourage fabrication of several proto‐type fluorescence pattern switching and biomimetic actuating devices. This study may not only enlarge the list of fluorescent hydrogels but also serve as a novel smart optical platform for potential anticounterfeiting, sensing, displaying, or actuating applications.
Analysis according to the change in structure of ultrasonic sensors and the change in pressure inside the tank for measurement of fuel amounts in compressed natural gas (CNG) tank
Authors: Kim Namwook , Choi Dooseuk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study is a fundamental research for precise measurement of fuel amounts in a compressed natural gas (CNG) tank where an analysis of receiving sensitivity was conducted as a result of changes in the contact surface shape in the number of piezoelectric element of the ultrasonic sensor as well as in the internal pressure of the tank. Experiments were conducted as a function of changes in the contact surface shape between the ultrasonic sensor and outside of the aluminum tank and in the number of piezoelectric element as well as in the internal pressure of the tank. According to the experimental results, it could be confirmed that the maximum receiving sensitivity value was increased by about 60 % when the contact surface shape of the transmission and receiving ultrasonic sensors compared with the ultrasonic sensor in the Line‐Line shape selected as the reference model was changed to the surface. As a whole, the highest receiving sensitivity values were observed when the transmission sensor of surface shape produced as multiple piezoelectric elements and the receiving sensor of surface shape produced as a single piezoelectric element were used. It could be confirmed that receiving sensitivities were improved at the same voltage value as a result of changes in the contact surface shape of the ultrasonic sensor and in the number of piezoelectric elements.
Theoretical research of co‐extrusion process of aluminum AA3003/AA7072 clad alloys
Authors: Kim K.J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe vaporizer tube base material and the clad material were simultaneously extruded to produce a tube having a smooth surface and a clad layer having excellent coupling characteristics. The process of controlling the thickness of the clad layer by simultaneously extruding two metals with different mechanical properties requires a high degree of precision compared to a single metal extrusion process and requires careful consideration for setting appropriate manufacturing parameters. In setting these variables, the trial and error approach by repeated extrusion results in excessive research cost and time consuming. Therefore, in this study, computer simulation was carried out to investigate the relationship between shape and process parameters of extruded materials. The process parameters applied to this simulation are the friction coefficient between the two materials and the angle of the die, and the thickness variation and uniformity of the clad material after extrusion were investigated. From the simulation results, as the friction coefficient of the matrix and the clad material increases, the clad layer thickness of the extruded material becomes close to the theoretical value and exhibits a uniform value.
Crashworthiness optimization of honeycomb structures under out‐of‐plane impact using radial basis functions
Authors: Rodrigues M.T. , Luersen M.A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCrashworthiness design and development of lightweight structures have become important engineering challenges because of the high standards of energy consumption and safety regulations. Within this context, the use of honeycomb structures as crush absorber is continuously growing in automotive and aircraft industries, once honeycombs are known for their high strength‐to‐weight ratio and excellent energy absorbing capacity. Thus, this paper presents a method that combines radial basis functions with expected improvement to optimize the specific energy absorption of honeycomb cellular materials, while the peak crush force is constrained at low levels for safety reasons. Honeycomb's cell size, cell shape and thickness are the design variables. Concerning the cell shape, the results indicate the hexagonal configuration has a higher out‐of‐plane performance compared to auxetic and rectangular cells in terms of energy absorption capacity. Lastly, a multi‐objective optimization using only the radial basis function predictor (without sequential sampling) is carried out to seek simultaneously for optimal solutions with minimum peak force and maximum specific energy absorption.
A Simulation-Based Evaluation of Commercial Port Sampling Programs for the Gulf and Atlantic Menhaden Fisheries
Authors: Nesslage Geneviève M. , Leaf Robert T. , Wilberg Michael J. , Mroch Raymond M. , Schueller Amy M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Biological data that are collected in commercial port sampling programs are a critical component of the assessment and management of Gulf Menhaden Brevoortia patronus and Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus. The menhaden port sampling program represents one of the longest continuous commercial sampling efforts in the United States; however, this sampling program has not been evaluated recently to determine whether the program adequately characterizes the size and age structure of the catch despite significant changes in the spatial extent and magnitude of the fisheries in the last three decades. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate current menhaden fishery sampling targets and to examine the relative performance of a suite of alternative targets. To simulate data collection, we conducted a bootstrap analysis of the observed port sampling data. These observations were resampled with replacement across a range of current and alternative combinations of number of trips and fish sampled per trip. At the current target for sampling intensity and allocation, the mean sample weight and proportions at age for ages 2 and 3 are well characterized in both the Gulf and Atlantic menhaden fisheries. The proportions of age-1 fish in the catch differed by stock and region, with samples from the northern Atlantic regions displaying the greatest uncertainty overall. The proportions of age-4 and older fish were poorly characterized in both fisheries, which is likely due to their rarity in the population (Gulf) and lack of spatial overlap between the fishery and the stratified distribution of menhaden by age along the coast (Atlantic). Our results indicate that reducing the number of fish that is sampled per trip from the current target of 10 to as few as four would have a minimal effect on estimates of mean size and proportions at age in the catch. Increasing the number of sampled trips will not greatly improve the characterization of catch size or age composition.
Targeting of peptide‐binding receptors on cancer cells with peptide‐drug conjugates
Authors: Worm Dennis J. , Els‐Heindl Sylvia , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpecifically addressing cell surface molecules on cancer cells facilitates targeted cancer therapies that offer the potential to selectively destroy malignant cells, while sparing healthy tissue. Thus, undesired side‐effects in tumor patients are highly reduced. Peptide‐binding receptors are frequently overexpressed on cancer cells and therefore promising targets for selective tumor therapy. In this review, peptide‐binding receptors for anti‐cancer drug delivery are summarized with a focus on peptide ligands as delivery agents. In the first part, some of the most studied peptide‐binding receptors are presented, and the ghrelin receptor and the Y1 receptor are introduced as more recent targets for cancer therapy. Furthermore, nonpeptidic small molecules for receptor targeting on cancer cells are outlined. In the second part, peptide conjugates for the delivery of therapeutic cargos in cancer therapy are described. The essential properties of receptor‐targeting peptides are specified, and recent developments in the fields of classical peptide‐drug conjugates with toxic agents, radiolabeled peptides for radionuclide therapy, and boronated peptides for boron neutron capture therapy are presented.
Genome‐wide and expression‐profiling analyses of the cytochrome P450 genes in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and screening of candidate P450 genes associated with malathion resistance
Authors: Jing Tian‐Xing , Wang Di‐Fei , Ma Yun‐Peng , Zeng Li‐Li , Meng Li‐Wei , Zhang Qiang , Dou Wei , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a notorious agricultural pest worldwide, and its resistance to insecticides is a major obstacle in successful control. Cytochrome P450s (P450s) are major metabolic enzymes associated with insecticide resistance. The genome of B. dorsalis was sequenced recently, allowing an integrated genome‐wide analysis of P450 genes (P450s) and the analysis of correlations between these genes and insecticide resistance in this pest.RESULTSTotally, 101 P450s were identified in the B. dorsalis genome and classified into four clans, 25 families and 57 subfamilies. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that most of these genes were highly expressed in adults (46) and in metabolic tissues, including the fatbody (63), midgut (61) and Malphagian tubules (66). In a malathion‐resistant strain, 13 and 9 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, compared with a susceptible strain, and these genes were screened as candidate genes associated with malathion resistance.CONCLUSIONThis study provides useful information for understanding the evolution and potential functions of P450s in B. dorsalis, and the results lay the foundation for further studies on the correlations between P450s and malathion resistance in B. dorsalis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Dietary RNAi toxicity assay exhibits differential responses to ingested dsRNAs among lady beetles
Authors: Pan Huipeng , Yang Xiaowei , Romeis Jörg , Siegfried Blair D , Zhou Xuguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost recently, major federal regulatory agencies deregulated an in planta RNA interference (RNAi) trait against a devastating corn pest, the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, in the United States and Canada. The impact of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) plant‐incorporated protectants (PIPs) and dietary RNAi to non‐target organisms, however, still needs further investigation. In this study, we assessed the potential risks of a Diabrotica virgifera virgifera active dsRNA to a group of predatory biological control agents, including Hippodamia convergens, Harmonia axyridis, Coleomegilla maculata, and Coccinella septempunctata. The overarching hypothesis is that the insecticidal dsRNA targeting Diabrotica virgifera virgifera has no or negligible adverse effect on lady beetles.ResultsA 400‐bp fragment with the highest sequence similarity between target and tested species was selected as the template for dsRNA synthesis. For the dietary RNAi toxicity assay, newly hatched first instar larvae were administered with v‐ATPase A dsRNAs designed from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and the four lady beetles, respectively. A dsRNA from β‐glucuronidase (GUS), a plant gene, and H2O were served as the negative controls. The endpoint included both sub‐organismal (gene expression), and organismal (survival rate, development time, pupa and adult weight) measurements. The results from dietary RNAi toxicity assay demonstrate significantly impacts of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera‐active dsRNAs on lady beetles under the worst‐case scenario at both transcriptional and phenotypic level. Interestingly, substantial differences among the four lady beetle species were observed toward the ingested exogenous dsRNAs.ConclusionSuch differential response to dietary RNAi may shed light on the mechanisms underlying the mode‐of‐action of RNAi‐based biopesticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Locomotor behaviour promotes stability of the patchy distribution of slugs in arable fields: Tracking the movement of individual Deroceras reticulatum
Authors: Forbes Emily , Back Matthew A , Brooks Andrew , Petrovskaya Natalia B , Petrovskii Sergei V , Pope Tom W , Walters Keith FA 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe distribution of the grey field slug (Deroceras reticulatum Müller) in arable fields is characterised by patches containing higher slug densities dispersed within areas of lower densities. Behavioural responses that lead to the spatial/temporal stability of these patches are poorly understood, thus this study investigated behavioural mechanisms underpinning slug distribution using a new method for long‐term tracking of individual slug movement in the field.RESULTSA technique for implanting radio frequency identification (RFID) tags (each with a unique identification code) beneath the body wall of slugs was developed. Laboratory tests indicated no consistent detrimental effect on survival, feeding, egg laying or locomotor behaviour (velocity, distance travelled). Movement of individual slugs above and below the soil surface was recorded for >5 weeks (in spring and autumn) in winter wheat fields. Most (~80%) foraged within a limited area; and at the end of the observation period were located at a mean distance of 78.7 ± 33.7 cm (spring) or 101.9 ± 24.1 cm (autumn) from their release point. The maximum detected distance from the release point was 408.8 cm. The remaining slugs (~20%) moved further away and ultimately were lost.CONCLUSIONSRFID tagging allowed continuous tracking of individual slugs, even below the soil surface. Localised movement of 80% of tracked slugs over 5 weeks offers a mechanism promoting stable slug patches in arable crops. Rapid dispersal of the remaining slugs facilitates exchange of individuals between patches. Precision targeting of pesticides at such stable slug patches may facilitate reduced usage. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A consistent interpretation of the stochastic version of the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnsemble Kalman Filters are used extensively in all geoscience areas. Often a stochastic variant is used, in which each ensemble member is updated via the Kalman Filter equation with an extra perturbation in the innovation. These perturbations are essential for the correct ensemble spread in a stochastic Ensemble Kalman Filter, and are applied either to the observations or to the modelled observations. This paper investigates if there is a preference for either of these two perturbation methods. Both versions lead to the same posterior mean and covariance when the prior and the likelihood are Gaussian in the state. However, ensemble verification methods, Bayes' Theorem and the Best Linear Unbiased Estimate (BLUE) suggest that one should perturb the modelled observations. Furthermore, it is known that in non‐Gaussian settings the perturbed modelled observation scheme is preferred, illustrated here for a skewed likelihood. Existing reasons for the perturbed observation scheme are shown to be incorrect, and no new arguments in favour of that scheme have been found. Finally, a new and consistent derivation and interpretation of the stochastic version of the EnKF equations is derived based on perturbing modelled observations. It is argued that these results have direct consequences for (iterative) Ensemble Kalman Filters and Smoothers, including “perturbed observation” 3D‐ and 4D‐Vars, both in terms of internal consistency and implementation.
Toward Valley‐Coupled Spin Qubits
Authors: Goh Kuan Eng Johnson , Bussolotti Fabio , Lau Chit Siong , Kotekar‐Patil Dharmraj , Ooi Zi En , Chee Jing Yee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe bid for scalable physical qubits has attracted many possible candidate platforms. In particular, spin‐based qubits in solid‐state form factors are attractive as they could potentially benefit from processes similar to those used for conventional semiconductor processing. However, material control is a significant challenge for solid‐state spin qubits as residual spins from substrate, dielectric, electrodes, or contaminants from processing contribute to spin decoherence. In the recent decade, valleytronics has seen a revival due to the discovery of valley‐coupled spins in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Such valley‐coupled spins are protected by inversion asymmetry and time reversal symmetry and are promising candidates for robust qubits. In this report, the progress toward building such qubits is presented. Following an introduction to the key attractions in fabricating such qubits, an up‐to‐date brief is provided for the status of each key step, highlighting advancements made and/or outstanding work to be done. This report concludes with a perspective on future development highlighting major remaining milestones toward scalable spin‐valley qubits.
Perioperative outcomes of robot‐assisted vs video‐assisted and traditional open thoracic surgery for lung cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Junjie , Chen Yan , Dai Jie , Zhu Xinsheng , Gonzalez‐Rivas Diego , Jiang Gening , Li Hua , Zhang Peng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe superiority of robot‐assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) over video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and thoracotomy remains controversial for lung cancer.MethodsA network meta‐analysis (NMA) and pairwise meta‐analysis (PMA) were performed to evaluate the perioperative outcomes using five databases.ResultsThirty‐two studies involving 6593 patients were included for analysis. The NMA showed that RATS had similar operative time, conversion rate to thoracotomy, number of lymph node, postoperative morbidity, and length of hospital stay with VATS, except for lower 30‐day mortality. Compared with thoracotomy, longer operative time and shorter hospital stay were observed in RATS, but no significant difference was observed in number of lymph node, postoperative morbidity, and 30‐day mortality in both NMA and PMA. In lobectomy/segmentectomy subgroup, all outcomes, except for operative time of RATS vs VATS and number of lymph node, were similar with overall analyses.ConclusionsRATS had comparable perioperative outcomes with VATS and open surgery.
S1P facilitates IL‐1β production in osteoblasts via the JAK and STAT3 signaling pathways
Authors: Hu Sung‐Lin , Huang Chien‐Chung , Tseng Tzu‐Ting , Liu Shan‐Chi , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Fong Yi‐Chin , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease, in which the immune system attacks synovial joint tissues. Interleukin (IL)‐1β is a critical proinflammatory cytokine in RA progression. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), a platelet‐derived lysophospholipid mediator, reportedly regulates osteoimmunology. Here, we investigated how S1P mediates IL‐1β expression in osteoblasts. Our analysis of records from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database demonstrate higher levels of IL‐1β in patients with RA compared with those with osteoarthritis. Stimulation of osteoblasts with S1P concentration dependently increased mRNA and protein expression of IL‐1β. Elevations in IL‐1β mRNA expression induced by S1P were reduced by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the S1P1 receptor. S1P also augmented JAK and STAT3 molecular cascades. We also found that JAK and STAT3 inhibitors and their siRNAs antagonized S1P‐promoted IL‐1β expression. Our results indicate that S1P promotes the expression of IL‐1β in osteoblasts via the S1P1 receptor and the JAK and STAT3 signaling pathways.
Structural color barcodes for biodiagnostics
Authors: Shang Luoran , Wang Yuetong , Cai Lijun , Shu Yilai , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSuspension array technology has revolutionized the field of biodiagnostics due to its capability of multiplex assays. Construction of the barcodes is essential, where structural color barcode is one of the most satisfying candidates because of its stable encoding and convenient decoding features. Benefiting from microfluidics technique, structural color barcode particles have been synthesized with finely tuned size, configuration, and surface reactive moieties. This allows for the barcode's interactions with disease‐specific biomarkers at multiscale, from the molecular to the tissue/organ level. In this minireview, we present the very latest progress on structural color barcodes for biodiagnostic applications. We discuss in depth through typical examples of how the sensitive and efficient assays of different types of analytes are accomplished concerning the specific features entailed in the barcodes. We also provide critical thinking about the remaining challenges and future development of structural color barcodes from a biodiagnostics perspective.