bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astragaloside IV alleviates mouse slow transit constipation by modulating gut microbiota profile and promoting butyric acid generation
Authors: He Qiulan , Han Changpeng , Huang Liang , Yang Haojie , Hu Jiancong , Chen Huaxian , Dou Ruoxu , Ren Donglin , Lin Hongcheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are associated with the development of various human diseases. In this study, we examined the role of astragaloside IV in modulating mouse gut microbiota structure and the generation of SCFAs, as well as in slow transit constipation (STC). An STC model was established by treating mice with loperamide, in which the therapeutic effects of astragaloside IV were evaluated. The microbiota community structure and SCFA content were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, respectively. The influence of butyrate on STC was assessed using a mouse model and Cajal cells (ICC). Astragaloside IV promoted defecation, improved intestinal mobility, suppressed ICC loss and alleviated colonic lesions in STC mice. Alterations in gut microbiota community structure in STC mice, such as decreased Lactobacillus reuteri diversity, were improved following astragaloside IV treatment. Moreover, astragaloside IV up‐regulated butyric acid and valeric acid, but decreased isovaleric acid, in STC mouse stools. Butyrate promoted defecation, improved intestinal mobility, and enhanced ICC proliferation by regulating the AKT–NF‐κB signalling pathway. Astragaloside IV promoted intestinal transit in STC mice and inhibited ICC loss by regulating the gut microbiota community structure and generating butyric acid.
Knock‐out of MicroRNA 145 impairs cardiac fibroblast function and wound healing post‐myocardial infarction
Authors: Song Hui‐Fang , He Sheng , Li Shu‐Hong , Wu Jun , Yin Wenjuan , Shao Zhengbo , Du Guo‐qing , Wu Jie , Li Jiao , Weisel Richard D. , Verma Subodh , Xie Jun , Li Ren‐Ke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevention of infarct scar thinning and dilatation and stimulation of scar contracture can prevent progressive heart failure. Since microRNA 145 (miR‐145) plays an important role in cardiac fibroblast response to wound healing and cardiac repair after an myocardial infarction (MI), using a miR‐145 knock‐out (KO) mouse model, we evaluated contribution of down‐regulation of miR‐145 to cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast function during adverse cardiac remodelling. Cardiac function decreased more and the infarct size was larger in miR‐145 KO than that in WT mice after MI and this phenomenon was accompanied by a decrease in cardiac fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast differentiation. Quantification of collagen I and α‐SMA protein levels as well as wound contraction revealed that transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was lower in KO than WT mice. In vitro restoration of miR‐145 induced more differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and this effect involved the target genes Klf4 and myocardin. MiR‐145 contributes to infarct scar contraction in the heart and the absence of miR‐145 contributes to dysfunction of cardiac fibroblast, resulting in greater infarct thinning and dilatation. Augmentation of miR‐145 could be an attractive target to prevent adverse cardiac remodelling after MI by enhancing the phenotypic switch of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.
Functional implications of the specialized staminal appendages in alpine ginger (Roscoeaspp.: Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Paudel Babu Ram , Li Qing‐Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFloral organs are widely believed to enhance the pollination and reproductive success of angiosperms. However, the functional implication of some floral structures is still unknown. In this study, we explored the functional role of staminal appendages on male and female reproductive success of HimalayanRoscoeaspp. and tested if their function differed between species with biotic pollination and autonomous selfing. Phenotypic manipulation is a powerful approach to test the functional effect of a particular trait on plant fitness. We compared various proxies of pollination success between intact flowers and flowers with manually excised staminal appendages. We found that the rate of visitation did not differ between intact and manipulated flowers. Our results revealed that in outcrossingRoscoeaspp., the staminal appendages act as triggering devices to facilitate pollen release and deposition and also to manipulate the foraging position of pollinators to ensure both male and female reproductive success. In contrast, in autonomously selfingRoscoeaspp., the removal of staminal appendages did not affect any aspect of pollination processes. Our results suggest that the staminal appendages are an integral component of outcrossing inRoscoeaspp. and are maintained by selection pressure through both male and female reproductive success. This study provides important insights on how variation in breeding systems can provoke changes in the structure and function of floral organs among congeners.
Over‐the‐counter bleaching agents can help with tooth whitening maintenance
Authors: Santana Jorge Olívia , Noronha Ferraz de Arruda Carolina , Tonani Torrieri Rafaella , Geng Vivanco Rocio , de Carvalho Panzeri Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the influence of over‐the‐counter agents on the maintenance of color and microhardness of the enamel after home bleaching protocol.Materials and methodsSpecimens of bovine teeth (6 × 6 × 2 mm) were prepared, and color (Easyshade, VITA) and microhardness (HMV‐2, Shimadzu) readings were performed. All the specimens were bleached using 22% carbamide peroxide (22%CP), except for the control group, and then separated into seven groups (n = 10) according to the interaction of toothpaste (whitening, conventional, and whitening with peroxide) and mouth rinse (whitening and conventional). The study simulated 1 year of toothbrushing (Pepsodent, MAVTEC) and mouth rinse by immersion. After that, final color and microhardness measurements were performed. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA, Tukey's test (P < .05).ResultsThe group submitted to 22%CP + whitening toothpaste + whitening mouth rinse showed higher color maintenance (P < .05) than the control group. The perception of whitening of teeth (ΔWID) was higher than the color change (ΔE00). There was a decrease in microhardness after treatment with 22%CP + conventional toothpaste + whitening mouth rinse.ConclusionsOver‐the‐counter products can help with the maintenance of tooth whitening after bleaching with carbamide peroxide; however, special attention should be given since the association of products can also reduce the microhardness of the dental enamel.Clinical significanceThe association between whitening toothpastes and mouth rinses might be beneficial for maintaining color during 1 year after bleaching treatment.
Effect of surface treatment on the retention of zirconia crowns to tooth structure after aging
Authors: Monteiro Renata Vasconcelos , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Bernardon Jussara Karina , De Souza Grace Mendonça 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the retention between zirconia crowns and tooth structure after in vitro aging.Materials and methodsHuman third molars (n = 44) received crown preparations and CAD/CAM zirconia crowns were manufactured. Specimens were divided into two groups: no aging, control (NAC, n = 11) or aging (A, n = 33). NAC were bonded with universal adhesive (UA). Aged specimens were divided into three subgroups (n = 11) according to surface treatment: Control: no abrasion + UA; Alumina: alumina abrasion + UA; Silica: tribochemical silica coating + UA. The crowns were cemented with dual‐cure resin cement. Specimens in group A were aged by a combination of mechanical, thermal, and pH cycling. Retention strength values were obtained by tensile tests and results were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (P < .05).ResultsAging decreased the retention strength in control specimens (P < .001). Surface treatment improved the retention strength of aged specimens (P < .001), with similar results between alumina and tribochemical silica coating.ConclusionThe chemical interaction between the universal bonding system and zirconia's surface was not sufficient to withstand artificial aging. Tribochemical silica coating did not promote additional retention in comparison to alumina blasting.Clinical significanceThe long‐term retention of translucent zirconia crowns to tooth structure using phosphate‐based materials is improved by means of mechanical surface treatments such as alumina blasting and tribochemical silica coating.
Patient‐reported outcomes in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A narrative review of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire‐non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Yamamura Sakura , Nakano Dan , Hashida Ryuki , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Kawaguchi Takumi , Okada Michiaki , Isoda Hiroshi , Takahashi Hirokazu , Matsuse Hiroo , Eguchi Yuichiro , Sumida Yoshio , Nakajima Atsushi , Gerber Lynn , Younossi Zobair M , Torimura Takuji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide and one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Moreover, patients with NAFLD frequently complain of non‐specific symptoms including fatigue, abdominal discomfort, as well as anxiety, and NAFLD is reported to affect patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). Thus, for clarifying the total burden of NAFLD, it is crucial to assess all associated outcomes, including not only clinical and economic outcomes but also PROs. PROs are thought to reflect what is happening in one's daily life and is an important way patients and health‐care professionals communicate. There are various instruments for the assessment of PROs. Recently, a NAFLD/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)‐specific instrument called “Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ)‐NAFLD/NASH” has been developed. CLDQ‐NAFLD/NASH comprises six domains: (i) abdominal symptoms, (ii) activity/energy, (iii) emotional health, (iv) fatigue, (v) systemic symptoms, and (vi) worry. CLDQ‐NAFLD/NASH has demonstrated excellent internal consistency, face validity, content validity, and test–retest reliability. It has been sufficiently validated in two international phase 3 clinical trials. In this review, we summarize features of various instruments for assessing PROs by focusing on CLDQ‐NAFLD/NASH. We also examine the validity of CLDQ‐NAFLD/NASH in Japanese patients and alterations in CLDQ‐NAFLD/NASH score in Japanese patients with significant hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, we discuss the utility of CLDQ‐NAFLD/NASH in phase 3 clinical trials and in a real‐world clinical setting.
Long‐Stay Nursing Facility Resident Transfers: Who Gets Admitted to the Hospital?
Authors: Unroe Kathleen T. , Caterino Jeffrey M. , Stump Timothy E. , Tu Wanzhu , Carnahan Jennifer L. , Vest Joshua R. , Sachs Greg A. , Hickman Susan E. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe Optimizing Patient Transfers, Impacting Medical Quality, and Improving Symptoms: Transforming Institutional Care (OPTIMISTIC) project is a successful, multicomponent demonstration project to reduce potentially avoidable hospitalizations of long‐stay nursing facility residents. To continue to reduce hospital transfers, a more detailed understanding of these transfer events is needed. The purpose of this study was to describe differences in transfer events that result in treatment in the hospital versus emergency department (ED) only.DESIGNOPTIMISTIC project nurses collected data on residents who transferred. Transfer events that resulted in treatment in ED versus hospitalization were compared using t‐tests and chi‐square tests. A generalized estimating equations regression model was used to assess the associations between hospital admission and transfer characteristics.PARTICIPANTSA total of 867 long‐stay nursing facility residents enrolled in OPTIMISTIC, January 2015 to June 2016.MEASUREMENTSResident and transfer characteristics from Minimum Data Set and project REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) database, including demographics, cognitive status, comorbidities, symptoms at time of transfer, and diagnoses.RESULTSThe most common symptoms associated with treatment in the ED only were falls, trauma, or fracture (38% vs 10% admitted). Residents with cognitive impairment were more likely to be admitted to the hospital (odds ratio (OR) = 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.98; P = .011). Residents with respiratory complaints were more likely to be admitted (OR = 2.098; 95% CI = 1.198–3.675; P = .009); residents with hematological/bleeding (nongastrointestinal) (OR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.107–0.494; P = .0002), pain (OR = 0.421; 95% CI = 0.254–0.698; P = .0008), or fall/trauma/fracture (OR = 0.181; 95% CI = 0.12–0.272; P < .001) were less likely to be admitted to the hospital.CONCLUSIONSome presenting symptoms and other characteristics are more associated with ED only treatment versus hospitalization. A knowledge of who is likely to receive ED only care could prompt adoption of targeted resources and protocols to further reduce these types of transfer events. Opportunity may exist in the ED as well to reduce hospitalizations and increase discharges back to the facility.
Adherence to exclusive enteral nutrition by adults with active Crohn’s disease is associated with conscientiousness personality trait: a sub‐study
Authors: Wall C. L. , McCombie A. , Mulder R. , Day A. S. , Gearry R. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is probable that psychosocial factors predict adherence to exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN). Conscientiousness is an intrapersonal factor associated with greater medication adherence and healthy eating behaviours. This sub‐study aimed to determine whether adherence to EEN was associated with conscientiousness.MethodsTwo groups of adults aged 16–40 years, were recruited to use EEN. Adults with active Crohn’s disease used either EEN for 8 weeks or 2 weeks of EEN followed by 6 weeks of partial enteral nutrition (PEN). A control group of healthy adults used EEN for 2 weeks. Participants who reported eating food during EEN, ate more than one meal per day during PEN, or could not initiate or tolerate the oral nutritional supplements were defined as non‐adherent. Conscientiousness was measured using the conscientiousness subset of the Big Five Inventory.ResultsThirty‐eight patients with active Crohn’s disease (mean age 24.8 years) and 21 healthy adults (mean age 27.3 years) completed the conscientiousness questionnaire. In the Crohn’s disease group, 23 (59%) completed and adhered to the treatments compared to 17 (81%) healthy adults; their conscientiousness scores were similar. Adherence and completion by the Crohn’s disease group were associated with a greater mean conscientiousness score 35.57 (95% confidence interval = 32.88–38.25) compared to 30.13 (95% confidence interval = 26.53–33.73) in the non‐adherent Crohn’s disease group (P = 0.014).ConclusionsConscientiousness was associated with treatment adherence. EEN can be a cognitively and emotionally demanding treatment for active adults with Crohn’s disease; thus, considering personality traits may help determine suitable candidates.
Therapeutic potential of novel Cell Division Cycle Kinase 7 inhibitors on TDP‐43‐related pathogenesis such as Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Vaca Gabriela , Martinez‐Gonzalez Loreto , Fernandez Ana , Rojas‐Prats Elisa , Porras Gracia , Cuevas Eva P. , Gil Carmen , Martinez Ana , Martin‐Requero Ángeles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTDP‐43 has been identified as the major component of protein aggregates found in affected neurons in FTLD‐TDP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. TDP‐43 is hyperphosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved in the C‐terminus. CDC‐7 was reported to phosphorylate TDP‐43. There are no effective treatments for either FTLD‐TDP or ALS, being a pressing need for the search of new therapies. We hypothesized that modulating CDC‐7 activity with small molecules that are able to interfere with TDP‐43 phosphorylation could be a good therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Here, we have studied the effects of novel brain penetrant, thiopurine‐based, CDC‐7 inhibitors in TDP‐43 homeostasis in immortalized lymphocytes from FTLD‐TDP patients, carriers of a loss‐of‐function GRN mutation, as well as in cells derived from sporadic ALS patients. We found that selective CDC‐7 inhibitors, ERP1.14a and ERP1.28a, are able to decrease the enhanced TDP‐43 phosphorylation in cells derived from FTLD‐TDP and ALS patients and to prevent cytosolic accumulation of TDP‐43. Moreover, treatment of FTLD‐TDP lymphoblasts with CDC‐7 inhibitors leads to recovering the nuclear function of TDP‐43‐inducing CDK6 repression. We suggest that CDC‐7 inhibitors, mainly the heterocyclic compounds here shown, may be considered as promising drug candidates for the ALS/FTD spectrum.
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A validated quantitative method for the assessment of neuroprotective barrier impairment in neurodegenerative disease models
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Lee John D. , Coulson Elizabeth J. , Woodruff Trent M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) are highly specialized structures that limit molecule entry from the blood and maintain homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS). BBB and BSCB breakdown are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Given the key role of neuroprotective barrier impairment in neurodegeneration, it is important to identify an effective quantitative method to assess barrier integrity in animal models. In this study, we developed and validated a quantitative method for assessing BBB and BSCB integrity using sodium fluorescein, a compound that outperformed other fluorescent dyes. We demonstrated using this method that multiple CNS regions progressively increase in permeability in models of Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, whereas biphasic disruption occurred in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease with disease progression. Collectively, we report a quantitative fluorometric marker with validated reproducible experimental methods that allows the effective assessment of BBB and BSCB integrity in animal models. This method could be useful to further the understanding of the contribution of these neuroprotective barriers to neurodegeneration processes.
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Placebo effect in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: The PATH study and a systematic review
Authors: Lewis Richard A. , Cornblath David R. , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Sobue Gens , Lawo John‐Philip , Mielke Orell , Durn Billie L. , Bril Vera , Merkies Ingemar S. J. , Bassett Paul , Cleasby Alexa , van Schaik Ivo N. ,   PATH study group
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Polyneuropathy And Treatment with Hizentra (PATH) study required subjects with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) to show dependency on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and then be restabilized on IgG before being randomized to placebo or one of two doses of subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG). Nineteen of the 51 subjects (37%) randomized to placebo did not relapse over the next 24 weeks. This article explores the reasons for this effect. A post‐hoc analysis of the PATH placebo group was undertaken. A literature search identified other placebo‐controlled CIDP trials for review and comparison. In PATH, subjects randomized to placebo who did not relapse were significantly older, had more severe disease, and took longer to deteriorate in the IgG dependency period compared with those who relapsed. Published trials in CIDP, whose primary endpoint was stability or deterioration, had a mean non‐deterioration (placebo effect) of 43%, while trials with a primary endpoint of improvement had a placebo response of only 11%. Placebo is an important variable in the design of CIDP trials. Trials designed to show clinical improvement will have a significantly lower effect of this phenomenon than those designed to show stability or deterioration.
Human papillomavirus vaccination: Good clinical practice recommendations from the Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
Authors: Bhatla Neerja , Meena Jyoti , Gupta Krishnendu , Pal Bhaskar , Divakar Hema , Bhalerao Sarita , Peedicayil Abraham , Srivastava Shikha , Basu Partha , Purandare Chittaranjan Narahari ,   for the FOGSI Expert Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination offers an excellent prospect for the primary prevention of cervical cancer. The bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines are both available in India. The nonavalent vaccine is licensed but not yet available. However, there still remain controversies regarding the vaccination of older women, immunocompromised females and other special groups. To provide recommendations for HPV vaccination in India. The Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India (FOGSI) convened an expert group on cervical cancer prevention to formulate good clinical practice recommendations (GCPR) with respect to vaccine efficacy and safety, target groups, optimal timing and dosing schedules. HPV vaccines are licensed for females aged 9–45 years in India and have been seen to be safe and effective. FOGSI recommends HPV vaccination of all girls <15 years of age as the best target group, in whom two‐doses at an interval of 6 months, extendable to 18 months, are recommended. Three‐doses are recommended in girls >15 years of age, immunocompromised persons and sexual assault survivors. Older women and women with abnormal screening results may be vaccinated with an understanding that vaccination does not protect against already acquired infections and screening has to continue. Single‐dose vaccination results are promising. Increased awareness is required to reduce vaccine hesitancy. HPV vaccination should be the priority to achieve the elimination of cervical cancer. The introduction of affordable HPV vaccines and reduced dose schedules will improve coverage.
In the eye of the beholder: Psychopathy and fear enjoyment
Authors: Book Angela , Stark Scarlet , MacEachern Jennifer , Forth Adelle , Visser Beth , Wattam Tori , Young Jennifer , Power Jordan , Roters Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the relations between psychopathic traits and fear enjoyment.MethodIn Study 1, 140 undergraduate participants (62 men, 78 women) watched the footage of video game play meant to induce either excitement or fear, rating each on positive/negative adjectives. In Study 2, 150 undergraduate participants (94 women, 56 men) rated valence (positive/negative) of 20 sets of morphed surprise/fear photos.ResultsIn Study 1, participants with higher levels of psychopathy rated the fear video as less negative and more positive. In Study 2, valence ratings became more negative as fear information increased (fear‐laden faces were rated more negatively than surprise‐laden faces). As well, there were significant interactions between psychopathy and morph level in predicting valence with psychopathic traits being associated with giving higher positivity ratings to fear‐laden faces.ConclusionsThe results of these two studies suggest that people with psychopathic traits have a more positive interpretation of the experience of fear, which could extend to evaluations of others' experiences of fear.