bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of liver function tests for resolution of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease after weight loss in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhyzhneuskaya S. V. , Al‐Mrabeh A. H. , Peters C. , Barnes A. C. , Hollingsworth K. G. , Welsh P. , Sattar N. , Lean M. E. J. , Taylor R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsEctopic fat is reduced by effective weight management, but difficult to assess clinically.MethodsWe evaluated paired data on 42 participants in the intervention group of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) at baseline, 12 and 24 months after weight loss as indicators of liver fat content measured by 3‐point Dixon MRI.ResultsBaseline liver fat was elevated at 13.0 [7.8–23.3]% with fasting plasma glucose 7.9 [7.1–10.1] mmol/L. Prevalence of baseline MASLD was 86.4%. After weight loss of 11.9 ± 1.2 kg (0–37 kg) at 12 months, remission of MASLD occurred in 74% and liver fat normalised for many (1.8 [1.2–5.2]%; p < 0.0001) as did fasting glucose (5.9 [5.5–7.2] mmol/L; p < 0.0001). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased at 12 months by 38 [19–60]% (p < 0·0001) and 38 [16–53]% (p < 0.0001) respectively. The positive predictive value for decrease in liver fat, with baseline values of >40 IU/L, was 100% for ALT and 87.5% for GGT. As expected, change in liver fat correlated with change in ALT (r = 0.64; p < 0.0001), GGT (r = 0.38; p = 0.013), AST (r = 0.36; p = 0.018), fatty liver index (r = 0.50; p < 0.0001) and hepatic steatosis index (r = 0.44; p < 0.0001).ConclusionMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease, an important marker of ill‐health is improved by intentional weight loss. If enzyme levels are raised at baseline, following weight loss, changes in ALT and GGT usefully reflect change in liver fat content, with high positive predictive value. Monitoring liver enzymes can provide a simple way to assess change in liver fat following weight loss in day‐to‐day clinical practice.
Fear of hypoglycemia relates to glycemic levels during and after real‐world physical activity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Patton Susana R. , Bergford Simon , Gal Robin L. , Calhoun Peter , Clements Mark A. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Riddell Michael C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe explore the association between hypoglycaemia fear (FH) and glycaemia during and after exercise sessions in a large sample of physically active youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsWe used data from the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Paediatric (T1DEXIP) Study. Youth self‐reported on FH using the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey‐Child (HFS‐C). They used a smart phone application to self‐report food intake and insulin dosing (multiple daily injection only). We collected pump and continuous glucose monitoring data directly from the device.ResultsOur sample included n = 251 youth (mean age: 14 ± 2 years, 55% closed loop pump; 42% women). Youth reporting higher HFS‐C Total and Helplessness/Worry scores (HFS‐C subscale) had slightly fewer competitive and fewer high intensity exercise events compared to youth with lower HFS‐C Total and Helplessness/Worry scores. Youth reporting the highest Maintain High Blood Glucose scores (HFS‐C subscale) had the lowest percent glucose time in range, higher mean glucose levels, and higher percent time above range during exercise. Youth reporting the highest Maintain High Blood Glucose scores also tended to have higher mean glucose levels post‐exercise and a smaller drop in glucose during exercise.ConclusionFH relates to glycaemia during and after exercise in adolescents with T1D and may signal an inclination for some youth to engage in avoidance behaviours to reduce their vulnerability to exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia.
Review on the Fatigue Strength of Additively Manufactured Metal Materials Under the Very High Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Lopes J. Henrique , da Costa Pedro R. , Freitas Manuel , Reis Luís 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe primary goal of this systematic literature review is to identify, characterize, and make a comprehensive analysis of the available research on the fatigue strength of additively manufactured (AMed) metal materials when subjected to loading cycles that exceed the preconceptualized fatigue limit (
cycles) and the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. Considering the inherent complexity and magnitude of influential variables present in AM metal processes, this paper explores in‐depth the relevant conclusions taken by theoretical/experimental studies and their respective results of several AMed materials in the VHCF regime. The present review focuses on key research topics of metal AM fatigue strength, such as crack initiation and failure mechanisms, examining the influence of microstructure and defects, the effect of the input process parameters, postprocessing methods, and the influence of testing conditions on fatigue strength.
Endothelial KDM5B Regulated by Piezo1 Contributes to Disturbed Flow Induced Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation
Authors: Wu Lili , Jiang Shanshan , Zhou Xiao , Li Wei , Ke Jiaqi , Liu Ziting , Ren Lijie , Lu Qiongyu , Li Fengchan , Tang Chaojun , Zhu Li 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEpigenetic modifications play an important role in disturbed flow (d‐flow) induced atherosclerotic plaque formation. By analysing a scRNA‐seq dataset of the left carotid artery (LCA) under d‐flow conditions, we found that Jarid1b (KDM5B) was upregulated primarily in a subcluster of endothelial cells in response to d‐flow stimulation. We therefore investigated the mechanism of KDM5B expression and the role of KDM5B in endothelial cell. Intriguingly, activation of Piezo1, a major endothelial mechanosensor, was found to promote KDM5B expression, which was reversed by Piezo1 inhibition in HUVECs. Downstream of Piezo1, ETS1 expression and c‐JUN phosphorylation were enhanced by d‐flow or Piezo1 activation, leading to an increase in KDM5B expression. Furthermore, knockdown of either KDM5B or Piezo1 was found to prevent d‐flow induced H3K4me3 demethylation, which was supported by the pharmacological inhibition of Piezo1 in HUVECs. RNA sequencing on shKdm5b HUVECs implied that KDM5B is associated with endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis. Using partial carotid ligation surgery on Kdm5bf/f Cdh5cre mice with mAAV‐PCSK9D377Y infected, we showed that endothelial KDM5B deficiency reduced atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic mice. Our findings indicate that endothelial KDM5B expression induced by d‐flow via the Piezo1 pathway promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation, providing targets for the prevention or therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis.
Association of changes in the number of teeth on psychological distress among community‐dwelling older adults in Taiwan
Authors: Chou Yi‐Chang , Cheng Feng‐Shiang , Weng Shih‐Han , Hu Hsiao‐Yun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAging populations worldwide face a substantial burden of psychological distress that affects their quality of life and overall health. Oral health is associated with psychological distress; however, the effect of changes in the number of teeth on psychological distress remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association of changes in the number of teeth with the development of psychological distress among community‐dwelling older adults in Taipei City.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2013, 62,119 community‐dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older participated in the physical examination program in Taipei. We collected data on the number of teeth during each examination. Psychological distress was defined as a score of ≥6 on the Brief Symptoms Rating Scale. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between changes in the number of teeth and the development of psychological distress.ResultsThe participants lost an average of 6.6 teeth during the follow‐up, with 9.9% of oral examination records showing the loss of ≥5 teeth compared with the previous examination. After GEE analysis with adjustment for multiple covariates, participants were at higher risk of developing psychological distress if they lost 1–4 teeth, 5–9 teeth, or ≥10 teeth compared to that at their previous oral examination. Subgroup analysis revealed that participants with ≥20 teeth at baseline and those who used dentures to compensate for the tooth loss had a lower risk of developing psychological distress than those who experienced tooth loss and did not use dentures.ConclusionA rapid decrease in the number of teeth is associated with an increased risk of psychological distress in older adults. Regular dental checkups, nutritional counseling, and the use of dentures are critical in mitigating the adverse psychological effects of the tooth loss.
Memory screening in the community: Facilitating earlier dementia diagnosis and care—Preliminary data
Authors: Yang Kao Lee , Kelble Laura , Felten Kristen , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Clark Lindsay R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis program evaluation was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a community memory screening initiative across 25 Aging and Disability Resource Centers, spanning 39 counties and 5 tribal communities in the state of Wisconsin.MethodsWe evaluated the screened individuals' characteristics and reasons for screening, the screen results and topics addressed during screening, the rate of sending positive screens to primary care providers, and the incidence of subsequent dementia diagnosis as well as health behavior changes.ResultsProgram evaluation results showed 791 completed surveys from individuals, indicating the program's accessibility and potential to reach populations in both urban and rural counties across Wisconsin. Evaluation results also showed that brain health was the most frequently discussed topic during memory screens (discussed during 689 screens, 87.1%), along with other topics such as potential causes of dementia symptoms (670 screens, 84.5%), dementia warning signs (656, 83%), the importance of early detection (605 screens, 76.5%), and caregiver support (106 screens, 13.4%). Of all 791, a total of 273 (34.5%) individuals had screen results sent to a primary care provider. Follow‐up surveys completed with a subset of individuals (n = 49) who had their results sent to a primary care provider indicated that 10 (20%) received a diagnosis of dementia and over half made a health behavior change to improve brain health.ConclusionsThe evaluation results presented herein highlight the program's success in addressing the critical need for accessible dementia‐related services. Overall, our evaluation results underscore the importance of community‐based initiatives in promoting early dementia detection and intervention, which are crucial for disease management.
The Role of World Beliefs in Loneliness: Implications for Daily Social Interaction and Persistence of Loneliness Over Time
Authors: Lemay Edward P. , Cutri Jennifer N. , Or Ronald T. , Davis Alexander J. , Xiao Zizhong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLonely people often crave social connection, but their social interactions fall short of fulfilling their needs. Although loneliness has been associated with negative views of the world, it is not clear whether these world beliefs contribute to the unfulfilling social interaction patterns that sustain loneliness. This research examined the role of world beliefs in explaining the effects of loneliness on daily frequency and quality of interaction, and the implications for sustained loneliness over time.MethodsBoth members of romantic couples (N = 472) completed measures of loneliness, world beliefs, and daily social interactions with weak and strong ties over 2 weeks (daily N = 6411) and completed a follow‐up assessment of loneliness a year later.ResultsRelative to those who felt connected, lonely people believed the world was worse, dangerous, dull, and did not need them. Loneliness also indirectly predicted reduced quality and quantity of social interaction via negative, dull, and not needed world beliefs. In turn, the quality of interactions with strong ties predicted maintained loneliness a year later. However, dangerous world beliefs predicted better interactions with close relationship partners.ConclusionFindings suggest that the negative subjective worlds inhabited by lonely people may partially explain why lonely people have unfulfilling social interactions that tend to sustain their loneliness.
Water beads: Expanding toy and ‘new’ problem for paediatric surgeons and community
Authors: Bollettini Taisia , Mogiatti Mirella , Benigna Alice , Finelli Angelica , Ferrara Francesco , Pardi Veronica , Macchiarelli Raffaele , Messina Mario , Gentilino Valerio , Molinaro Francesco , Angotti Rossella 
Published: December 2024

Background and Study AimsWater beads made from superabsorbent polymers can lead to bowel obstruction, which can sometimes be fatal. This article aims to highlight the dangers of such toys and to propose an innovative, safe and effective approach to diagnostic and therapeutic management.Patients and MethodsWe report two cases of children with intestinal obstruction following the ingestion of products based on superabsorbent polymers. They were diagnosed and treated in two different centres using varying techniques.ResultsWe compare our experiences with the few cases reported in the literature. Since water beads are radiolucent, ultrasound or CT scans are crucial for diagnosis. As in one of our cases, radiography of the upper gastrointestinal tract with contrast can be very helpful. Laparotomy with enterotomy is the main surgical approach reported in literature to extract the water spheres. We report two cases managed using a minimally invasive approach, and one of them is the second one described in the literature, treated endoscopically.ConclusionsWater beads pose a potential danger to children, making it necessary to limit the sale of this type of toy. We offer a management flowchart based on our experience and evidence from the literature.
Peaceful (But Not Passive) Resistance to Empire: Maximus the Confessor and the Politeia of Jesus Christ
Authors: Blowers Paul M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring the Monothelete Controversy, the last phase of the ancient Christological controversies engaging Eastern and Western churches in the seventh century, the Byzantine monastic theologian Maximus the Confessor not only developed a crucial defense of the dual (divine and human) wills in Jesus Christ, he also mounted a broad monastic and ecclesiastical dissent from the doctrinal positions of the imperial establishment. Establishing the cultural and theological context of his career, this essay explores the extent to which Maximus's Christocentric cosmology and eschatology, combined with his own activism and networks of relationships, rose to the level of a serious “political” challenge to Byzantine imperial aspirations. The ultimate focus is on Maximus's principle of the politeia of Jesus Christ, the new way of life inaugurated by Christ, to which all rational creatures are called to conform precisely as a cruciform allegiance to the ruler of the universe whose government may intersect with earthly regimes but ultimately transcends and outlasts them.
The Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation Index for Assessment of Procedural Pain and Discomfort in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Intensive Care Patients: A Prospective, Exploratory, Observational Study
Authors: Weber Frank , Langen Emma , Kerbusch Thomas , Bokhorst Eric 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe heart rate variability–based Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE) Index is a continuous noninvasive tool for the assessment of pain and discomfort in infants. Little is known about its performance in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting, where assessment of pain/discomfort is usually based on discontinuous observational scoring systems or personal experience of medical staff.AimEvaluation of the performance of NIPE as an indicator of procedural pain and/or discomfort in conscious mechanically ventilated PICU patients.MethodsProcedural pain/discomfort was simultaneously assessed during pain‐ or stressful procedures by two validated discontinuous clinical scoring systems (FLACC and COMFORT‐B scale) and the NIPE.ResultsNIPE values, FLACC‐ and COMFORT‐B scores were recorded in 17 infants with a mean age of 1.2 (range 0.8–5.9) months. NIPE values associated with positive FLACC‐ (≥ 4; indicative of pain) and/or COMFORT‐B (≥ 17, indicative of discomfort) scores were lower (p < 0.001) than when associated with negative FLACC (< 4) and/or COMFORT‐B (< 17) scores with 95% CI's of a difference of −14 to −11 (FLACC), −13 to −11 (COMFORT‐B) and −14 to −11 (FLACC and COMFORT‐B), with significant interindividual variability in NIPE values. Logistic regression analyses revealed odds ratios between 0.84 and 0.85; the adjacent receiver operating curve analyses showed areas under the curve between 0.83 and 0.88. NIPE data recording failure occurred during 49.3% of the periods with a FLACC ≥ 4% and 40.7% with a COMFORT‐B ≥ 17.ConclusionsThe NIPE detects procedural pain and discomfort in conscious mechanically ventilated infants with an accuracy comparable to established clinical scoring systems. However, because of significant interindividual variability of NIPE values and frequent data recording failure associated with patient movement, we believe it is premature to recommend its use in conscious infants.
Differences in clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters between elderly and young patients with newly diagnosed smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Vietnam
Authors: Duong Khanh Linh , Bui Duc Manh , Dang Khanh Linh , Nguyen Manh Cuong , Pham Thi Huong Quynh , Tran Thi Huyen Trang , Vo Thi Thuy , Du Pham Van , Doan Van Duc , Hoang Nang Trong , Tran Thi Van Anh , Tran Xuan Thuy , Nguyen Thi Hanh , Nguyen Trung Kien , Bui Thi Han , Gautret Philippe , Hoang Van Thuan , Dao Thi Loi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the differences in clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters between elderly and young patients with newly diagnosed smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Vietnam.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included all patients hospitalised with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with acid‐fast bacilli‐positive smear. Clinical symptoms, laboratory results and chest X‐ray findings were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Elderly was defined as those patients aged 65 years and older.ResultsA total of 183 patients diagnosed with new acid‐fast bacilli‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included in this study, with a mean age of 56.2 ± 16.3 years (minimum = 18 and maximum = 87 years). Seventy‐seven participants were aged ≥65 years, accounting for 42.1% of participants. A total of 147 (80.3%) patients were male, and the sex ratio of male/female was 4.1.Night sweats were statistically more frequent among younger patients (34.9% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.04), whereas muscle and joint pain were more predominant among the elderly (7.6% vs. 22.1%, p = 0.01). A proportion of 67.0% of younger patients and 63.6% of the elderly group were bilaterally affected. Cavitation lesions were significantly more frequent in the younger group (55.7% vs. 39.0%, p = 0.03), whereas pulmonary fibrosis occurred more frequently in elderly patients (29.3% vs. 45.4%, p = 0.02). No other significant differences in clinical symptoms, laboratory results and chest X‐ray findings were observed.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of considering age‐related variations in the clinical and radiological presentation of tuberculosis, which can guide tailored approaches in diagnosis, management and treatment strategies for different age groups.
Review of the Impact of Hydrogen-Containing Fuels on Gas Turbine Hot-Section Materials
Authors: O'Connor Jacqueline , Noble David R. , Bridges Alex , Shingledecker John , Scheibel John , Gagliano Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In an effort to achieve worldwide decarbonization goals, a range of low-carbon fuels is being proposed for use in power-generation gas turbines. Two promising fuels are hydrogen and ammonia, which do not produce any CO2 upon combustion. While the use cases of these fuels differ, each has the potential to reduce the carbon intensity of power generation as compared to the current use of natural gas and fuel oil. Many studies have considered the impact that these fuels will have on combustion stability and emissions, as well as other practical considerations like balance of plant. However, potential challenges for the material systems in these engines, particularly high-temperature metal alloys and coatings, have not been sufficiently considered in preparation for the introduction of these fuels. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of the potential material issues associated with implementation of these hydrogen-containing fuels, with a focus on materials in the hot section of existing power-generation gas turbines. To date, relatively little research has considered these material issues at realistic gas turbine conditions, resulting in a need for new research. This paper provides a review of the literature, first-order analyses of the magnitude of potential issues, and avenues for research to facilitate the safe and reliable introduction of these fuels in power-generation gas turbines.
Dynamic Response of a Pivot-Mounted Squeeze Film Damper: Measurements and Predictions
Authors: Kasprzyk Marie , Delgado Adolfo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) are widely used to reduce vibration levels in rotating equipment. These devices are installed in series with bearings and are subjected to precessional motions with the inner and outer damper surfaces remaining parallel. Alternatively, this paper evaluates the dynamic performance of a damper describing angular motions. This paper includes the design and development of a test rig, and the experimental dynamic response of the pivot-mounted journal benchmarked with a predictive finite element code. The experimental setup uses a housing with two different radial clearances—3 mils (76.2 μm) for the lower land and 12 mils (304.8 μm) for the upper land—which is open to atmosphere. This work also includes developing a pivot-mounted SFD computer code, capable of predicting the dynamic performance of unpressurized 2π and segmented dampers. The numerical tool can predict the dynamic performance of a damper that has multiple land diameters with different clearances. The experimental results identify stiffness, damping, and added mass for both the SFD and its structure, showing a close correlation with the numerical calculations using three different fluid viscosities.
Shape Optimization of an Industrial Aeroengine Combustor to Reduce Thermoacoustic Instability
Authors: Ekici Ekrem , Juniper Matthew P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We parameterize the geometry of an industrial aeroengine combustor using free-form deformation (FFD). We then define the thermoacoustic system parameters and impose the acoustic boundary conditions to calculate the thermoacoustic eigenmode of the model using an open source parallelized Helmholtz solver. We then use adjoint methods to calculate the shape derivatives of the unstable eigenvalue with respect to the shape parameters. First, we calculate the sensitivities with respect to surface movements. Second, we calculate the sensitivities with respect to the FFD control points. We modify the FFD control point positions in order to reduce the thermoacoustic growth rate until the mode considered is stable. These findings show how, when combined with other constraints, this method could be used to reduce combustion instability in industrial annular combustors through geometric modifications.