bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of sexual reproduction in the maintenance of established Zostera marina meadows
Authors: Johnson Andrew J. , Orth Robert J. , Moore Kenneth A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

For clonal plants, the role of sexual reproduction in the maintenance of populations can vary widely. Some species are dependent on repeated seedling recruitment. For other species, interactions between adults and seedlings within existing populations can affect seedling survival and limit sexual reproduction in existing populations. Genetic studies of seagrass populations increasingly suggest sexual reproduction is important for the resilience and stability of their populations, but as of yet little observational data support these findings. Because seagrass populations provide important ecosystem services and are threatened with increasing anthropogenic impacts, understanding their reliance on sexual reproduction is evolutionarily and ecologically important.

The goals of this study were to determine (a) whether seedlings of a marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, establish and recruit within existing Z. marina meadows and (b) whether interactions between seedlings and surrounding adult shoots influence the survival of established seedlings. To meet these goals, surveys estimated seedling establishment and tracked seedling survival within multiple populations. Manipulative experiments then tested the impact of neighbouring adult shoots on seedling survival and the overall trajectory of experimental plots with and without sexual reproduction.

A 3‐year survey identified established seedlings within Z. marina meadows each year. Additionally, concurrent seed addition experiments indicated seed supply could influence seedling establishment rates. A survey tracking the survival of tagged seedlings, as well as the height and density of surrounding adult shoots, showed adult shoots may negatively impact seedling survival. Experiments then demonstrated that seedlings without neighbouring shoots survived longer than those with neighbouring shoots. Lastly, two transplant garden experiments comparing the survival of plots with and without seeds highlighted that seedling recruitment is likely most important to maintain bottom cover where disturbances generate gaps in the adult population.

Synthesis. This study demonstrates that seedlings do establish within existing seagrass meadows, and that some survive to recruit into the adult population. Competition with existing vegetation, however, can be a factor compromising seedling survival. Sexual reproduction may thus most likely occur in, and be most important for, clonal plant populations that experience seasonal disturbance.
Additive negative effects of decadal warming and nitrogen addition on grassland community stability
Authors: Wu Qian , Ren Haiyan , Wang Zhongwu , Li Zhiguo , Liu Yinghao , Wang Zhen , Li Yuanheng , Zhang Ruiyang , Zhao Mengli , Chang Scott X. , Han Guodong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Much recent research has explored how global warming and increased nitrogen (N) deposition, two important components of global environmental changes, influence the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems. However, how ecosystem dynamics respond to the combination of long‐term warming and N enrichment remains largely unexplored.

We investigated the impact of warming and N addition on the temporal stability of plant communities in a decade‐long field experiment, conducted in a desert steppe in northern China, using a split‐plot design with warming as the main‐plot factor and N addition as the split‐plot factor.

Long‐term warming and N addition had additive, negative effects on plant community stability. A warming‐induced decrease in species richness was not a significant driver of decreased community stability, which was instead driven by the decreased stability of dominant species under warming. On the other hand, a N‐induced decrease in community stability was ascribed to both decreased stability of dominant and common species and decreased asynchronous population dynamics under N addition.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that ongoing anthropogenic environmental changes may have appreciable consequences for the stability of natural grassland functions and services while also highlighting the different mechanisms associated with the similar effects of climate warming and increased N deposition on grassland community stability.
Challenges to community transitions through Money Follows the Person
Authors: Robison Julie , Shugrue Noreen , Porter Martha , Baker Kristin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of transition challenges on the success and timeliness of transitions from institutions to community living for long‐stay participants in the Money Follows the Person (MFP) Rebalancing Demonstration and determine whether outcomes vary by age and disability.Data SourceSecondary data on transition challenges for individuals enrolled in Connecticut's MFP program between December 2008 and December 2017.Study DesignChallenges were analyzed for older adults, people with mental health disability, and people with physical disability. Bivariate and multivariate analyses investigated which transition challenges and selected demographic variables predict transition versus closure and length of transition period for each group.Data Extraction MethodsThe sample includes 3506 persons who attempted transition from institutions to community living and whose case concluded with transition or closure from 2015 to 2017.Principal FindingsThe association between most transition challenges and the ability of long‐stay institutional residents to return to the community, and to do so in a timely manner, varies significantly among older adults and younger persons with physical or mental health disabilities. For all groups, however, consumer engagement challenges predicted closure without transition (OR: 1.3‐3.9) and housing challenges predicted longer transition periods (84‐132 days). Length of institutional stay was associated with both outcomes for older adults and persons with physical disability. Other challenges, such as issues with services and supports, differed among the three groups on both outcomes.ConclusionsKnowledge of the effects of transition challenges on success and timeliness of transition for each group allows program managers and health and service providers to focus resources on addressing the most serious challenges. Particular emphasis should be placed on consumer engagement and housing challenges, and on targeting persons for transition early in their institutional stay. Federal and state transition programs can benefit by individualizing supports for residents to yield successful outcomes.
Seismic Characteristics and Development Patterns of Miocene Carbonate Platform in the Beikang Basin, Southern South China Sea
Authors: YAN Wei , ZHANG Guangxue , XIA Bin , ZHANG Li , YANG Zhen , LEI Zhenyu , YAO Huiqiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Beikang Basin is located in the southern part of the South China Sea (SCS), which is one of most tectonically complex sea areas. It is a deepwater sedimentary basin that was mainly deposited during the Cenozoic era. Owing to data restrictions, the research on carbonate platforms of this area is still in its infancy. High‐resolution seismic data are analyzed to identify the Miocene carbonate platforms and reconstruct the architecture and growth history. The carbonate platforms of Beikang Basin began to develop in the Late Oligocene‐Early Miocene, were extended in the Middle Miocene, and declined in the Late Miocene. The carbonate platform mainly developed during two periods: the Oligocene to the Early Miocene, and the Middle Miocene. The carbonate platforms that developed in the Middle Miocene were the most prosperous. The Middle Miocene carbonate platform in the Beikang Basin can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the platforms had wide range which were thin. During the second stage, the platforms had a smaller range that was controlled by faults. In the third stage, the platforms were gradually submerged. The platform structure developed in the Middle Miocene at the Beikang Basin was controlled by the rate of rising/falling of the sea level and the carbonate growth rate. Based on an analysis of these changes and relationship, the platform can be divided into several patterns: retrogradation, submerged, aggradation, progradation, outward with up‐stepping, outward with down‐stepping, and down‐stepping platforms. At the top of the carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin a set of carbonate wings or mushrooms usually appeared. These were formed during a period of relative sea‐level decline. It is believed that the Miocene carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin are mainly controlled by tectonic and sedimentary environments, and are also affected by terrestrial detritus.
Tissue specificity of senescent cell accumulation during physiologic and accelerated aging of mice
Authors: Yousefzadeh Matthew J. , Zhao Jing , Bukata Christina , Wade Erin A. , McGowan Sara J. , Angelini Luise A. , Bank Michael P. , Gurkar Aditi U. , McGuckian Collin A. , Calubag Mariah F. , Kato Jonathan I. , Burd Christin E. , Robbins Paul D. , Niedernhofer Laura J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSenescent cells accumulate with age in vertebrates and promote aging largely through their senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Many types of stress induce senescence, including genotoxic stress. ERCC1‐XPF is a DNA repair endonuclease required for multiple DNA repair mechanisms that protect the nuclear genome. Humans or mice with reduced expression of this enzyme age rapidly due to increased levels of spontaneous, genotoxic stress. Here, we asked whether this corresponds to an increased level of senescent cells. p16Ink4a and p21Cip1 mRNA were increased ~15‐fold in peripheral lymphocytes from 4‐ to 5‐month‐old Ercc1−/∆ and 2.5‐year‐old wild‐type (WT) mice, suggesting that these animals exhibit a similar biological age. p16Ink4a and p21Cip1 mRNA were elevated in 10 of 13 tissues analyzed from 4‐ to 5‐month‐old Ercc1−/∆ mice, indicating where endogenous DNA damage drives senescence in vivo. Aged WT mice had similar increases of p16Ink4a and p21Cip1 mRNA in the same 10 tissues as the mutant mice. Senescence‐associated β–galactosidase activity and p21Cip1 protein also were increased in tissues of the progeroid and aged mice, while Lamin B1 mRNA and protein levels were diminished. In Ercc1−/Δ mice with a p16Ink4a luciferase reporter, bioluminescence rose steadily with age, particularly in lung, thymus, and pancreas. These data illustrate where senescence occurs with natural and accelerated aging in mice and the relative extent of senescence among tissues. Interestingly, senescence was greater in male mice until the end of life. The similarities between Ercc1−/∆ and aged WT mice support the conclusion that the DNA repair‐deficient mice accurately model the age‐related accumulation of senescent cells, albeit six‐times faster.
Validation of growth‐related quantitative trait loci markers in different Exopalaemon carinicauda families for marker‐assisted selection
Authors: Wang J. , Li M. , Qin Z. , Li J. , Li J. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWe detected growth‐related QTL and associated markers from the backcross population of Exopalaemon carinicauda in the previous study. Based on our previous study, the 47 SNP markers associated with candidate growth trait QTL were selected to analyze the association between these markers and body weight (BW), body length and abdominal segment length traits in four different populations including wild population, a full‐sib family, a half‐sib family and a backcross population for evaluating their potential application of marker‐assisted selection in E. carinicauda. The general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model were applied and the associations between SNP loci and three growth‐related traits verified. The results showed that the Marker79268 and Marker100644 were significantly associated with the BW trait in more than three populations by the GLM method. The Marker100644 was significantly associated with BW in the full‐sib family, half‐sib family and backcross populations by the GLM and mixed linear model methods. Our findings will provide useful SNP markers to go forward to improve growth performance through more refined marker‐assisted selection in E. carinicauda.
Influence of angle kappa‐customized implantation of rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens on visual quality and patient satisfaction
Authors: Liu Yiyun , Gao Yufei , Liu Rongjun , Hu Chenxi , Ma Baikai , Miao Jinhong , Luo Jinhua , Qi Hong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the visual outcomes and patient satisfaction with angle kappa‐customized implantation of SBL‐3 (Lenstec, Inc.; +3 D), a rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL).MethodsThis was a prospective randomized control study. Data from consecutive patients, who underwent bilateral implantation of SBL‐3 MIOL from June 2017 to August 2018, were enrolled in the study. One eye of each patient was randomly chosen to receive a horizontal IOL placement (control group), while the other eye received angle kappa‐customized placement (design group). The outcomes include uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, quality of vision and patient satisfaction. The follow‐up was 3 months.ResultsThe study enrolled 80 eyes of 40 patients. There was no significant difference in mean UDVA, UIVA and UNVA between the two groups. The design group showed significantly better visual acuity at −1.50 D of defocus, based on the defocus curve (p = 0.022), and less vertical coma (p = 0.002) than the control group. No significant differences in contrast sensitivity, modulation transfer function, Strehl ratio and patient satisfaction were found between the two groups.ConclusionAngle kappa‐customized implantation of SBL‐3 had little impact on visual outcomes and patient satisfaction, except for a moderate impact on intermediate visual acuity.
Higher incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely preterm infants associated with improved survival rates
Authors: Taner Aylin , Tekle Senait , Hothorn Torsten , Adams Mark , Bassler Dirk , Gerth‐Kahlert Christina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study assessed possible reasons for the increasing incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) since mid‐2015 at our institution.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all preterm infants born July 2013 to June 2017 with a gestational age (GA) <29 completed weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the University Hospital Zurich during the first 28 days of life. The primary outcome measures were severest ROP stage. Statistical analysis was performed using generalised additive models in R.ResultsDuring the study period, survival increased in extremely preterm infants. Significant predictors for severest ROP stage were GA, days of mechanical ventilation and multiple gestation (P = .0322). A composite of severe comorbidities had no significant effect on severest ROP stage. GA was identified as the only significant risk factor the for severest ROP stage (P = .0045).ConclusionIncreased survival rate of extremely preterm infants was associated with an increased incidence of ROP at our institution. Despite the increase, the incidence is still very low compared with other countries. No other additive factors were identified.
Psychological sequelae of colonic resections
Authors: Powell‐Chandler A. , Boyce K. , James O. , Scourfield L. , Torkington J. , Bisson J. , Cornish J. A. ,   PISA Trial Management Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe prevalence of anxiety, depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population has been estimated to be 5.9%, 3.3% and 4.4% respectively. The aim of this study was to determine whether psychological problems are more prevalent following colorectal surgery.MethodPatients who had undergone colorectal resection in a 2‐year period across four centres were asked to complete validated screening questionnaires for anxiety, depression and PTSD (GAD‐7, PHQ‐9, PCL‐5) 12–48 months after surgery. Risk factors were identified using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsAfter excluding those who had died or received palliative diagnoses, questionnaires were sent to 1150 patients. 371 responded (32.3% response rate); median age 67 (20–99) years; 51% were men. 58% of patients underwent surgery for cancer; 23% had emergency surgery. 28% of patients screened positive for at least one psychological condition, with 20% screening positive for anxiety, 22% for depression and 14% for PTSD. Patients who were younger, women, had surgery as an emergency, for benign conditions, had stomas and had critical care stay were more likely to have poorer psychological outcomes. Multiple linear regression found that only younger age (P = 0.000) and female gender (P = 0.048) were significant risk factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD appears to be high in patients who have undergone colorectal surgery. Younger patients and women are particularly at risk. Further work is needed to determine how best to prevent, detect and treat people with adverse psychological outcomes following colorectal surgery.
A hybrid multi‐objective tour route optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and artificial bee colony optimization
Authors: Beed Romit , Roy Arindam , Sarkar Sunita , Bhattacharya Durba 
Published: January 2020

SummaryComputational intelligence techniques have widespread applications in the field of engineering process optimization, which typically comprises of multiple conflicting objectives. An efficient hybrid algorithm for solving multi‐objective optimization, based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony optimization (ABCO) has been proposed in this paper. The novelty of this algorithm lies in allocating random initial solutions to the scout bees in the ABCO phase which are subsequently optimized in the PSO phase with respect to the velocity vector. The last phase involves loyalty decision‐making for the uncommitted bees based on the waggle dance phase of ABCO. This procedure continues for multiple generations yielding optimum results. The algorithm is applied to a real life problem of intercity route optimization comprising of conflicting objectives like minimization of travel cost, maximization of the number of tourist spots visited and minimization of the deviation from desired tour duration. Solutions have been obtained using both pareto optimality and the classical weighted sum technique. The proposed algorithm, when compared analytically and graphically with the existing ABCO algorithm, has displayed consistently better performance for fitness values as well as for standard benchmark functions and performance metrics for convergence and coverage.
Severe human pressures in the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Verma Megha , Symes William S. , Watson James E. M. , Jones Kendall R. , Allan James R. , Venter Oscar , Rheindt Frank E. , Edwards David P. , Carrasco Luis R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe assess the magnitude and the extent of recent change of significant human footprint within protected areas, key biodiversity areas and the habitat range of 308 lowland forest specialist birds in Sundaland, a global hotspot of biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Using the most recent human footprint dataset, we find that 70% of Sundaland has been heavily modified by humans. This represents a 55% increase in areas under intense human pressure since 1993. Areas under intense human pressure covered on average 50% of the extent of key biodiversity areas, 78% of each protected area and 38% of the range of lowland forest specialist birds. The results imply that the actual level of protection by protected areas is only one‐third to half of that on paper once human footprint is accounted for. While all protected areas were impacted by human pressures, those managed strictly for biodiversity conservation presented the largest increases. These results highlight an exceptionally high human footprint across Sundaland and an impending further deepening of the biodiversity crisis across the region.
A 3‐week nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model shows elafibranor benefits on hepatic inflammation and cell death
Authors: Briand François , Heymes Christophe , Bonada Lucile , Angles Thibault , Charpentier Julie , Branchereau Maxime , Brousseau Emmanuel , Quinsat Marjolaine , Fazilleau Nicolas , Burcelin Rémy , Sulpice Thierry 
Published: January 2020

The long duration of animal models represents a clear limitation to quickly evaluate the efficacy of drugs targeting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We, therefore, developed a rapid mouse model of liver inflammation (i.e., the mouse fed a high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diet, where cyclodextrin is co‐administered to favor hepatic cholesterol loading, liver inflammation, and NASH within 3 weeks), and evaluated the effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha/delta agonist elafibranor (ELA). C57BL6/J mice were fed a 60% high‐fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% cholic acid diet with 2% cyclodextrin in drinking water (HFCC/CDX diet) for 3 weeks. After 1 week of the diet, mice were treated orally with vehicle or ELA 20 mg/kg q.d. for 2 weeks. Compared with vehicle, ELA markedly reduced liver lipids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scoring, through steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis (all P < 0.01 vs. vehicle). Flow cytometry analysis showed that ELA significantly improved the HFCC/CDX diet‐induced liver inflammation by preventing the increase in total number of immune cells (CD45+), Kupffer cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes population, as well as the reduction in natural killer and natural killer T cells, and by blocking conversion of T cells in regulatory T cells. ELA did not alter pyroptosis (Gasdermin D), but significantly reduced necroptosis (cleaved RIP3) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) in the liver. In conclusion, ELA showed strong benefits on NASH, including improvement in hepatic inflammation, necroptosis, and apoptosis in the 3‐week NASH mouse. This preclinical model will be useful to rapidly detect the effects of novel drugs targeting NASH.