bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of continental emissions on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in the northern South China Sea during summertime 2018
Authors: Cai Mingfu , Liang Baoling , Sun Qibin , Zhou Shengzhen , Chen Xiaoyang , Yuan Bin , Shao Min , Tan Haobo , Zhao Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Aerosol particles in marine atmosphere have been shown to significantly affect cloud formation, atmospheric optical properties, and climate
change. However, high temporally and spatially resolved atmospheric measurements over the sea are currently sparse, limiting our understanding of
aerosol properties in marine atmosphere. In this study, a ship-based cruise campaign was conducted over the northern South China Sea (SCS) region during
summertime 2018. The chemical composition of non-refractory PM1 (NR-PM1), the particle number size distribution (PNSD), and size-resolved cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) activity were measured by a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) and the combination of a cloud
condensation nuclei counter (CCNc) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Overall, aerosol particles exhibited a unimodal
distribution centering at 60–80 nm and the chemical composition of the NR-PM1 was dominated by sulfate (∼ 46 %), which
likely originated from anthropogenic emissions rather than dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation. Two polluted episodes (P1 and P2) were observed, and both were characterized by high particle number concentrations (NCN) which originated from local emissions
and from emissions in inland China via long-range transport. The concentrations of trace gases (i.e., O3, CO, NOx) and
particles (NCN and NCCN at ss = 0.34 %) were elevated during P2 at the end of the campaign and decreased with offshore distance, further suggesting important impacts of anthropogenic emissions from the inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Two relatively
clean periods (C1 and C2) prior to and after tropical storm Bebinca were classified and the air was affected by air masses from the southwest and from the Indo-Chinese Peninsula, respectively. Chemical composition measurements showed an increase in organic mass fraction during P2 compared to C2; however,
no obviously different κ values were obtained from the CCNc measurements, implying that the air masses carried pollutants from local sources
during long-range transport. We report an average value of about 0.4 for the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter κ, which falls within the literature
values (i.e., 0.2–1.0) for urban and remote marine atmosphere. In addition, our results showed that the CCN fraction
(NCCN∕NCN, tot) and the κ values had no clear correlation either with the offshore distance or with concentrations of
the particles. Our study highlights dynamical variations in particle properties and the impact of long-range transport from continental China and the Indo-Chinese Peninsula on the northern SCS region during summertime.
La relación entre periodistas y las deportistas en los juegos olímpicos: hacia la era multimedia
Authors: Barbero González Miguel Ángel , Pombo San Miguel Nuria 
Published: August 2020

El mundo del periodismo está inmerso en una revolución permanente, lo que le hace estar sumido en cambios tecnológicos y laborales de los que es difícil aventurar un futuro. Además, la irrupción de los entornos multimedia en las redacciones y la aparición de gabinetes de prensa y gestores de contenidos digitales ha modificado la tradicional relación informativa entre los informadores y sus fuentes. Se ha perdido la relación personal y la cercanía y eso puede ser perjudicial en entornos emergentes, como el del deporte femenino.
Con el horizonte de los Juegos de Tokio 2020 aplazados hasta 2021, este trabajo revisa las relaciones entre periodistas de ABC y las deportistas olímpicas desde 1972, con la esperanza de que la modernidad no afecte al tratamiento informativo de las atletas en el futuro.
EXAMINING THE “ELSAGATE” PHENOMENON: DISTURBING CHILDREN’S YOUTUBE CONTENT AND NEW FRONTIERS IN CHILDREN’S CULTURE
Authors: Balanzategui Jessica 
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates new genres of children's content on YouTube that have provoked potent cultural anxieties about the role of YouTube in children's culture, and have raised concerns about the apparent wealth of content targeted at children on the platform that is not child-appropriate. The paper examines the journalistic commentary that constitutes the "Elsagate" phenomenon - the neologism used to describe public revelations about the controversy - and conducts a genre studies textual analysis of the YouTube content consistently referenced in this commentary. This analysis aims to illuminate the relationship between the textual features of disturbing children's YouTube content and the cultural anxieties these features have incited.
The paper contends that the child-oriented YouTube genres at the centre of the Elsagate controversy re-position extant cultural boundaries of child-appropriate content – boundaries which in some cases have long been enshrined in policy and standards guidelines – in ways that trouble ingrained ideological distinctions between child and adult culture. The paper illustrates how disturbing children’s YouTube content interrupts traditional power balances and interplays between media industries, parental mediation strategies, and “child-effects”: young children’s agency over their own consumption choices and influence on parental media practices (Bulck et al, 2016).
FROM CHASTITY BELTS TO SMART FROCKS: THE PROMISE OF RAPE DETERRENT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Bevan Alex Louise , Wilson Barnao Caroline , Lincoln Robyn 
Published: August 2020

In 2018, Schweppes partnered with Ogilvy Brazil to design a smart dress that used touch-sensors to illustrate how women are groped in nightclubs (Dickson 2018). The dress is a strong example of a host of digital devices that mobilise smart technology to legitimate women’s testimony of sexual assault in public space. It also belongs to a growing category of technology closely attached to the body and designed to either protect it from harm or lend credence to previously silenced publics.
Devices like the Ogilvy dress draw attention to the marginalisation of victims’ voices; it owes its existence to institutions of power refusing to listen to women’s testimony. However, the devices also reinscribe the same silencing dynamic by positioning themselves as necessary and more “reliable” evidence of women’s experience than their verbal statements. These devices are sorely undertheorized as potential erosions of the legitimacy of individual testimony and experience that are part of digital culture more broadly speaking (Couldry 2010). The devices are also problematically framed as “solutions” to broader and contextually-sensitive social issues in ways that reify their power dynamics. These devices materialise a relationship among the wearer, bodily threat, and the corporate brand selling the device as a means to further brand recognition and to cohere associations among the brand, a social cause and, perhaps most enticingly, its solution.
BLIND SPOTS OF INFORMATION OPERATIONS: OF MICRO PROPAGANDA, ALGORITHM GAMING & HOW TO PROFIT FROM IT
Authors: Neudert Lisa-Maria , Bradshaw Samantha , Lewis Rebecca , Yin Leon , Woolley Samuel , Joseff Katie , Metaxa Danaë , Hogan Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Techniques designed to manipulate public opinion and undermine information ecosystems are rapidly evolving while research lags behind technological innovation and strategic expertise. As a more sophisticated generation of information operations is fast to mature, the papers in this panel shed light on some of the blind spots of scholarly inquiry making visible new thematic strategies, technical infrastructures and both political and economic incentives.
The first two papers examine the progression from general political propaganda geared towards influencing elections to highly issue-specific micro-propaganda. The first paper presents an analysis of anti-Semitic disinformation campaigns and harassment during the 2018 US midterms on Twitter and offers rich evidence from interviews with Jewish American opinion leaders about their impact. Drawing on data from Twitter’s Election Integrity Initiative, the second paper examines the gender dimensions of foreign influence operations and how hostile state actors frame and discuss gender identity & politics. The third paper presents an analysis of search engine optimization strategies that extremist YouTubers use in an attempt to game the algorithm and increase their visibility in the network. The fourth paper investigates the relationship between partisan bias associated with Google Search results and the success of political candidates associated with the search queries during elections and finds that partisan search media is a predictor for election outcomes. The fifth paper examines the emergence of a global political economy for manipulation and offers a grounded typology of the vendors, marketplaces, services, and products that are designed to turn a profit from swaying public opinion.
THE RETURN OF MEDIEVAL SOCIETY – CONTROL, SURVEILLANCE AND NEO-FEUDALISM IN THE AGE OF THE INTERNET
Authors: Jensen Jakob Linaa 
Published: August 2020

In this paper the medieval period is used as a prism to analyze and contextualize the intersection of mutual surveillance, corporate capitalism and information control. It is claimed that the interplay between big tech companies, nation states’ battle for control and citizens’ participatory surveillance, for instance exercised through social media, resembles medieval principles of feudalism and tight social control. As such, this is basically a paper discussing power related to the Internet, as it turns 50 years.
The main argument is that apparently distinct social phenomena related to the dominance of Internet technologies share the same logics of control, surveillance and power as the feudalism that dominated medieval society. The states and big corporations both compete and cooperate, just like the states and the church in Middle Ages.
MAKING THE UNSEEN VISIBLE: EXPLORING CROSSCUTTING SOCIAL MEDIA PUBLICS AND THEIR SOCIOPOLITICAL TRAITS
Authors: Kristensen Jakob Bæk 
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes an approach for studying the sociopolitical traits of multiple publics on Facebook that emerge in the network of interactions between users and public pages. The study is based on a survey of 1697 Danish citizens whose responses are coupled with their public Facebook activity.This is used to make predictions about a selection of sociopolitical features for a random sample of 50.000 Facebook users across more than 20.000 public pages. The interactions of the 50.000 users are modeled as a network and a clustering algorithm is used to find groups that arise naturally within said network. This allows for the study of how certain sociopolitical features cut across different congregations of the public in a way that retains a lot of the complexity of the digital trace data.
Results show that voting intention overlaps most strongly with the clusters in the network, followed by gender and geo-location. Additionally they show that the so-called political echo-chambers consist only of smaller subsections of the entire network with many users' interactions mainly being identified by interests that can be attributed to gender, geo-location or other. Although, results also show that the political alt. right are very dominant on hot button political issues such as immigration and religion.
It is proposed that by eliciting sociopolitical trends while considering the full network of interactions might lead researchers to overlook and overestimate fewer features when studying the formation of social media publics.
TRUST IN DECONSTRUCTED RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS. CASE STUDY: NEWS RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS
Authors: Martens Marijn , De Wolf Ralf , Berendt Bettina , De Marez Lieven 
Published: August 2020

Increasingly, algorithms play an important role in everyday decision-making processes. Recommender systems, specifically, are algorithms that serve to influence end-users’ decision-making (e.g. what to read, who to befriend, who to rent to…). However, the companies that develop and produce these systems are not neutral, but have an economic goal and specific vision on how society should operate. These algorithms should thus never be trusted blindly.
An algorithm consists of collective human practices and consequently warm human and institutional choices. Therefore, they should be perceived as culture. Despite the many academics that are joining the debate to denounce the bias, opaqueness and unfairness often found in these algorithms, little empirical research has invested in treating algorithms in its socio-technical assembly as culture.
To better understand how end-users perceive these algorithmic systems, we strive to understand how they imagine and (dis)trust the different components of the socio-technical assembly. We are demystifying the imagined processes incorporated in these algorithmic systems in the minds of the end-user using a deconstructed version of Buchers’ (2017) algorithmic imaginary.
Currently, companies put ever more effort into personalizing news, using news recommender systems (NRS). NRS organize, select and aggregate news to influence the decision-making of an end-user without a transparent explanation on the process. Therefore, we focus our study on the end-users of these NRS.
In this qualitative study, we are interviewing 25 end-users of NRS to understand the assumptions and apprehend the (dis-)trust people have about the different elements of the socio-technical assembly of news recommender systems.
BOTS AMONG US: PREVALENCE, INFLUENCE, AND ROLES OF AUTOMATED ACCOUNTS IN THE GERMAN TWITTER FOLLOW NETWORK
Authors: Münch Felix Victor , Puschmann Cornelius , Thies Ben , Bruns Axel 
Published: August 2020

Social bots are undermining trust in social media. They spread low-credibility content, fake news, and spam. However, most research is based on bots that actively share links or keywords, rather than assessing the longer-term presence of bots as an integral part of platforms. To address this gap, we present what to our knowledge is the first study that assesses the prevalence, influence, and roles of automated accounts in a Twitter follow network on a national scale. This allows us to analyse the potential impact of bots beyond the context of single events and topics.
To collect a follow network of the most central accounts in the German-speaking Twittersphere, we have adapted the rank-degree method, a graph exploration method that is able to identify the most influential spreaders within complex networks, as a data mining method using the cost-free standard Twitter API. To identify bots, we employ the Botometer API. Both methods combined allow us to localise bots within topical clusters, to estimate their potential influence, and to assess the roles of the most central bots.
Our findings indicate that bots have only a low negative impact on the German-speaking Twittersphere. However, the most sophisticated bots will likely remain absent from our study, as false negatives. Similarly, trolls and semi-automated accounts necessitate further research. Our new sampling approach combined with Botometer is promising, for example, for Twitterspheres based on other languages. The study itself opens further avenues of enquiry, such as a long-term monitoring of automated accounts in the German Twittersphere.
“ALEXA, CAN I TRUST YOU?”: SMALL SISTERS AND FRIENDLY POWER
Authors: Munn Luke 
Published: August 2020

How is trust fabricated today? This paper argues that the persona of ‘Alexa’ bypasses concerns around surveillance and privacy, defusing anxieties not via the rationality of a convincing argument but through the relationality of Alexa as a singular presence.
In many respects Alexa is actually more invasive than other technologies. Amazon has encroached into the very heart of the home. Moreover, the company’s patents delve further into the subject through voice identification, mood monitoring, and health detection. But this encroachment is carried out by her, rather than it, a warm and welcoming persona. The team’s aim is to develop something that is friendly, can turn off your lights, chat about anything, and empathize when you’re having a bad day (McGirt 2018). The goal is to construct something chattier, more affective and emotionally attuned. In doing so, Alexa embodies what theorist Byung-Chul Han (2017) has called “friendly power.”
The result is that Alexa feels different. Instead of an algorithmic bundle of technologies, Alexa is experienced as an affective persona. Alexa thus delves deeper into the inner life of the subject while shrugging off the anxieties associated with cold, command-and-control technologies. Rather than an all-seeing eye, she is an always listening voice, a friendly companion. And rather than emanating from a central agency, she is co-located with the user. If Big Brother no longer characterizes contemporary power (Harcourt 2015), Alexa might be described as a “small sister.” Small sisters work alongside instead of above. Small sisters are multiple, sited, and supple.
Een ontspannen perspectief op residentiële segregatie
Authors: Musterd Sako 
Published: August 2020

A Relaxed Perspective on Residential Segregation
In the Netherlands and surrounding countries, there is reason to ask the question whether levels of segregation according to country of origin (mainly non-western) and in terms of socioeconomic position (mainly social arrears) are sufficiently high to legitimate anti-segregation policy. When will segregation become problematic? If segregation is regarded a problem, what, then, would be the best remedy? Spatial intervention? Or broader societal intervention? In this article developments and mechanisms will be discussed that lead to segregation; also political views on segregation and the framing of segregation will be scrutinized. A confrontation of knowledge, insights, visions, and framings offers material for new perspectives on residential segregation and is reason to argue for a more relaxed attitude towards segregation. We should acknowledge that the process of matching households to residential environments results in some – generally unproblematic – segregation. Only if segregation causes problems that pass certain intensity and/or a certain spatial range, non-spatial or spatial interventions are becoming a necessity. Levels of segregation are relatively moderate still. We ought to be more aware of the fact that strong negative framing actually stimulates segregation, social exclusion, division, discrimination, marginalisation, stigmatisation, fear, estrangement, and the development of first- and second-rate citizens.
De relatie tussen huiselijk geweld en betrokkenheid bij 1%motorclubs
Authors: Vosters Nanne , Janssen Janine 
Published: August 2020

The relationship between domestic violence and membership of 1%motorcycle club – (Former) partners of 1%motorcycle club members in shelters
Little is known about (former) partners of 1%motorcycle club members. Social professionals working with victims of domestic violence in shelters have regular encounters with these mostly female (ex-)partners. In this exploratory contribution we wonder what is known about domestic violence amongst people with (ex-)partners of 1%motorcycle club members and the consequences of the involvement of a motorcycle club for tackling this violence. Based on thirteen semi-structured interviews with social professionals working in a shelter, external professionals and (ex-)partners, the link between domestic violence and membership of a motorcycle club could not be verified. What this research does show is that safety is the number one priority in working with these (ex-)partners. Furthermore, it shows how complex it is to assess the seriousness of potential threat coming from these 1%motorcyle clubs. Further research on domestic violence in environments associated with organised crime and the cooperation between the judiciary system and social professionals is needed to improve safety and wellbeing for this specific group.
Modificaciones de curva velocidad-tiempo de la cadera en el estilo braza a distintas velocidades de nado
Authors: Mercadé J.J. , Arellano R. , Soto V. M. 
Published: August 2020

El propósito del presente estudio fue observar cual era el comportamiento de la curva de
velocidad de la cadera durante el nado estilo braza a diferentes velocidades de nado. Dos nadadoras
de distinto nivel fueron seleccionadas para participar en el presente estudio en el que realizaron
cuatro repeticiones de 25 m a velocidad diferente. Dos cámaras de vídeo PAL, una subacuática
y otra exterior, fijas y perpendiculares a la dirección de desplazamiento del nadador, se emplearon
para analizar un ciclo completo de nado de cada una de las repeticiones de nado. Se calcularon
velocidades promedio de nado, velocidades máximas intra-ciclo, velocidades mínimas intra-ciclo,
frecuencias, longitudes y duración de ciclo. Se encontró que al incrementar la velocidad promedio
de nado, los valores máximos intra-ciclo aumentaban, no observándose modificación alguna en el
valor mínimo. Además se observó un aumento de la frecuencia de ciclo y una disminución de la
longitud de ciclo a medida que la velocidad se incrementaba, debido a la reducción del tiempo de
deslizamiento tras la patada.
Fijación de materiales biológicos mediante suturas y adhesivos biológicos
Authors: García Páez J.M. , Jorge Herrero E. , Carrera Sanmartín A. , Millán I. , Cordón A. , Martín Maestro M.A. , Morales S. , Castillo Olivares J.L. 
Published: August 2020

Las suturas son los elementos usados para fijar implantes o velos valvulares de las bioprótesis
cardiacas. Tienen gran resistencia, su escasa elasticidad genera tensiones internas en los elementos
que fijan. Se han comenzado a utilizar con fines médicos en la cirugía adherentes biológicos
como elementos de fijación aunque no hay experiencia en bioprótesis.
El objetivo de este trabajo era conocer si las muestras suturadas y pegadas eran capaces de
proporcionar resistencia y elasticidad suficiente como para aportar un beneficio a la sutura, en la
fijación de implantes o en la construcción de bioprótesis cardiacas. Para ello, hemos diseñado un
ensayo de resistencia a tracción de 60 muestras de pericardio de ternera, material que se utiliza
para fabricar velos valvulares de bioprótesis, comparando el comportamiento mecánico de 24
muestras suturadas con sutura continua borde a borde, prolene 5/0, a 45º y 90º del eje principal de
la carga y otras 24 muestras similares, en las que el ojal del hilo de sutura (o parte del tejido que
atraviesa la aguja de sutura) había sido reforzado con un adhesivo de fibrina. Como grupo de
control se emplearon doce muestras sin sutura ni adhesivo.
Los resultados obtenidos confirman la pérdida de resistencia al esfuerzo de tracción de las
muestras suturadas, borde a borde, independientemente de la dirección de la sutura en relación
con el eje principal de la carga. Esta forma de sutura no debe ser utilizada.
La pérdida de resistencia se manifiesta tras pequeñas deformaciones de las muestras de pericardio.
Para un 15% de deformación el estrés medio necesario para el grupo de control fue de 3.15 MPa
frente a 0.92 MPa y 1.98 MPa, valores extremos de las series suturadas (p<0.01).
Por otra parte, el uso de adherentes de fibrina no mejoró ni la resistencia ni la elasticidad de las
muestras, aunque homogenizó el comportamiento mecánico de aquellas muestras suturadas que
reforzaron con adherente de fibrina los ojales de paso de los hilos de sutura.