bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do strategic leaders engage with social media? A theoretical framework for research and practice
Authors: Heavey Ciaran , Simsek Zeki , Kyprianou Christina , Risius Marten 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Research summarySocial media is a powerful medium for examining strategic leaders' novel interactions and influence within and outside the firm. But, while studies on social media are popping up like kettle corn across disciplines, no conceptual framework for organizing, guiding, and inspiring research on social media engagement among strategic leaders has yet appeared. Toward this end, we first clarify the construct and develop a typological conceptualization of strategic leaders' social media engagement behaviors. Next, we introduce a theoretical framework and corresponding propositions for explaining the variations, mechanisms, and consequences of social media engagements. We conclude with implications for future research, including data collection and measurement.Managerial summaryWith the growing proliferation of social media platforms, today's executives are faced with a vast array of choices about how to use social media to engage with diverse stakeholders and online communities. Although avoidance continues to be a preference for many executives, the scale and scope of social media platforms offer executives unprecedented opportunities—as well as risks—to engage stakeholders. We develop and illustrate a framework of six archetypal engagement behaviors through which executives may leverage social media to reach, communicate, and interact with stakeholders in developing and executing strategy—for both good and ill. We then discuss the implications of these alternative playbooks for executive decision‐making and firm outcomes.
The leading jet transverse momentum in inclusive jet production and with a loose jet veto
Authors: Scott Darren J. , Waalewijn Wouter J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the transverse momentum of the leading jet in the limit where the jet radius is small, R ≪ 1. We introduce the leading-jet function to calculate this cross section for an inclusive jet sample, and the subleading-jet function when a loose veto on additional jets is imposed, i.e. $$ {}_{PTJ}{\underset{\sim }{>}}_{P_T^{\mathrm{veto}}} $$

PTJ

>
~

P
T
veto

. These jet functions are calculated at next-to-leading order in QCD and the resummation of jet radius logarithms is explored. We present phenomenological results for Higgs + 1 jet production, for both the jet and Higgs transverse momentum distribution. We find that, while the R ≪ 1 limit of the cross section provides a good description of the full NLO result, even for values as large as R = 0.8, simply retaining the leading logarithm at this order does not. Indeed, the NLO contribution to the hard function and, to a lesser extent, non-logarithmic corrections to the jet function are sizable and must be included to obtain the correct cross section. In the inclusive cross section we find that the $$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

ln2R corrections are several precent, while in exclusive cross sections at large pT ,J and small R they can reach 20%. However, it is not clear how important the resummation of these logarithms is, given the presence of other large corrections at NNLO.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 conformal gauge theories at large R-charge: the SU(N) case
Authors: Beccaria Matteo , Galvagno Francesco , Hasan Azeem 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Conformal theories with a global symmetry may be studied in the double scaling regime where the interaction strength is reduced while the global charge increases. Here, we study generic 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SU(N ) gauge theories with conformal matter content at large R-charge QR → ∞ with fixed ’t Hooft-like coupling $$ \kappa ={Q}_{\mathrm{R}}{g}_{\mathrm{YM}}^2. $$
κ
=

Q
R

g
YM
2

.
Our analysis concerns two distinct classes of natural scaling functions. The first is built in terms of chiral/anti-chiral two-point functions. The second involves one-point functions of chiral operators in presence of $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS Wilson-Maldacena loops. In the rank-1 SU (2) case, the two-point sector has been recently shown to be captured by an auxiliary chiral random matrix model. We extend the analysis to SU(N) theories and provide an algorithm that computes arbitrarily long perturbative expansions for all considered models, parametric in the rank. The leading and next-to-leading contributions are cross-checked by a three- loops computation in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superspace. This perturbative analysis identifies maximally non-planar Feynman diagrams as the relevant ones in the double scaling limit. In the Wilson-Maldacena sector, we obtain closed expressions for the scaling functions, valid for any rank and κ. As an application, we analyze quantitatively the large ’t Hooft coupling limit κ ≫ 1 where we identify all perturbative and non-perturbative contributions. The latter are associated with heavy electric BPS states and the precise correspondence with their mass spectrum is clarified.
Conformally invariant averaged null energy condition from AdS/CFT
Authors: Iizuka Norihiro , Ishibashi Akihiro , Maeda Kengo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the compatibility of the AdS/CFT duality with the bulk and boundary causality, and derive a conformally invariant averaged null energy condition (CANEC) for quantum field theories in 3 and 5-dimensional curved boundaries. This is the generalization of the averaged null energy condition (ANEC) in Minkowski spacetime to curved boundaries, where null energy is averaged along the null line with appropriate weight for conformal invariance. For this purpose we take, as our guiding principle, the no-bulk-shortcut theorem of Gao and Wald, which essentially asserts that when going from one point to another on the boundary, one cannot take a “shortcut through the bulk”. We also discuss the relationship between bulk vs boundary causality and the weak cosmic censorship.
Extended forward and inverse modeling of radiation pressure accelerations for LEO satellites
Authors: Vielberg Kristin , Kusche Jürgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, activities such as precise orbit determination, gravity field retrieval, and thermospheric density estimation from accelerometry require modeled accelerations due to radiation pressure. To overcome inconsistencies and better understand the propagation of modeling errors into estimates, we here suggest to extend the standard analytical LEO radiation pressure model with emphasis on removing systematic errors in time-dependent radiation data products for the Sun and the Earth. Our extended unified model of Earth radiation pressure accelerations is based on hourly CERES SYN1deg data of the Earth’s outgoing radiation combined with angular distribution models. We apply this approach to the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) data. Validations with 1 year of calibrated accelerometer measurements suggest that the proposed model extension reduces RMS fits between 5 and 27%, depending on how measurements were calibrated. In contrast, we find little changes when implementing, e.g., thermal reradiation or anisotropic reflection at the satellite’s surface. The refined model can be adopted to any satellite, but insufficient knowledge of geometry and in particular surface properties remains a limitation. In an inverse approach, we therefore parametrize various combinations of possible systematic errors to investigate estimability and understand correlations of remaining inconsistencies. Using GRACE-A accelerometry data, we solve for corrections of material coefficients and CERES fluxes separately over ocean and land. These results are encouraging and suggest that certain physical radiation pressure model parameters could indeed be determined from satellite accelerometry data.
Shifts of the point-of-change can be attributed to a lower mechanical cost of motor execution
Authors: Schütz Christoph , Schack Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a previous study on hand selection in a sequential reaching task, the authors showed a shift of the point-of-change (POC) to the left of the midline. This implies that participants conducted a number of contralateral reaches with their dominant, right hand. Contralateral movements have longer planning and execution times and a lower precision. In the current study, we asked whether lower mechanical costs of motor execution or lower cognitive costs of motor planning compensated for these disadvantages. Theories on hemispheric differences postulate lower mechanical costs in the dominant hemisphere and lower cognitive costs in the left hemisphere (independent of handedness). In right-handed participants, both factors act agonistically to reduce the total cost of right-handed reaches. To distinguish between the cost factors, we had left- and right-hand-dominant participants execute a sequential, unimanual reaching task. Results showed a left-shift of the POC in the right-handed and a right-shift in the left-handed group. Both shifts were similar in magnitude. These findings indicate that only the mechanical cost of motor execution compensates for the disadvantages of the contralateral reaches, while the cognitive cost of motor planning is irrelevant for the POC shift.
Tuning of human NK cells by endogenous HLA-C expression
Authors: Goodson-Gregg Frederick J. , Krepel Stacey A. , Anderson Stephen K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNK cells are primarily responsible for detecting malignant or pathogen-infected cells, and their function is influenced both by stress-associated activating signals and opposing inhibitory signals from receptors that recognize self MHC. The receptors that produce this inhibitory signal shift from the NKG2A:HLA-E system to that of KIR:HLA as the NK cells mature. This maturation is associated with an increase in lytic activity, as well as an increase in HLA-C protein levels controlled by the NK-specificHLA-Cpromoter, NK-Pro. We propose that modulation of the translatability ofHLA-Ctranscripts in NK cells constitutes an evolutionary mechanism to controlcisinhibitory signaling by HLA-C, which fine tunes NK cell activity. Furthermore, the high degree of variability in KIR receptor affinity for HLA alleles, as well as the variable expression levels of both KIR and HLA, suggest an evolutionary requirement for the tuning of NK lytic activity. Various data have demonstrated that mature NK cells may gain or lose lytic activity when placed in different environments. This indicates that NK cell activity may be more a function of constant tuning by inhibitory signals, rather than a static, irreversible “license to kill” granted to mature NK cells. Inhibitory signaling controls the filling of the cytolytic granule reservoir, which becomes depleted if there are insufficient inhibitory signals, leading to a hyporesponsive NK cell. We propose a novel model for the tuning of human NK cell activity viacisinteractions in the context of recent findings on the mechanism of NK education.
Effect of sulfate addition on carbon flow and microbial community composition during thermophilic digestion of cellulose
Authors: Lackner Nina , Wagner Andreas O. , Illmer Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSubstrates with high sulfate levels pose problems for biogas production as they allow sulfate reducing bacteria to compete with syntrophic and methanogenic members of the community. In addition, the end product of sulfate reduction, hydrogen sulfide, is toxic and corrosive. Here we show how sulfate addition affects physiological processes in a thermophilic methanogenic system by analyzing the carbon flow and the microbial community with quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene. A sulfate addition of 0.5 to 3 g/L caused a decline in methane production by 73–92%, while higher sulfate concentrations had no additional inhibitory effect. Generally, sulfate addition induced a shift in the composition of the microbial community towards a higher dominance ofFirmicutesand decreasing abundances ofBacteroidetesandEuryarchaeota. The abundance of methanogens (e.g.,MethanoculleusandMethanosarcina) was reduced, while sulfate reducing bacteria (especiallyCandidatus DesulforudisandDesulfotomaculum) increased significantly in presence of sulfate. The sulfate addition had a significant impact on the carbon flow within the system, shifting the end product from methane and carbon dioxide to acetate and carbon dioxide. Interestingly, methane production quickly resumed, when sulfate was no longer present in the system. Despite the strong impact of sulfate addition on the carbon flow and the microbial community structure during thermophilic biogas production, short-term process disturbances caused by unexpected introduction of sulfate may be overcome due to the high resilience of the engaged microorganisms.
A phase I study of multi-HLA-binding peptides derived from heat shock protein 70/glypican-3 and a novel combination adjuvant of hLAG-3Ig and Poly-ICLC for patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers: YNP01 trial
Authors: Nakajima Masao , Hazama Shoichi , Tamada Koji , Udaka Keiko , Kouki Yasunobu , Uematsu Toshinari , Arima Hideki , Saito Akira , Doi Shun , Matsui Hiroto , Shindo Yoshitaro , Matsukuma Satoshi , Kanekiyo Shinsuke , Tokumitsu Yukio , Tomochika Shinobu , Iida Michihisa , Yoshida Shin , Nakagami Yuki , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Yamamoto Shigeru , Yoshino Shigefumi , Ueno Tomio , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
This phase I study aimed to evaluate the safety, peptide-specific immune responses, and anti-tumor effects of a novel vaccination therapy comprising multi-HLA-binding heat shock protein (HSP) 70/glypican-3 (GPC3) peptides and a novel adjuvant combination of hLAG-3Ig and Poly-ICLC against metastatic gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods
HSP70/GPC3 peptides with high binding affinities for three HLA types (A*24:02, A*02:01, and A*02:06) were identified with our peptide prediction system. The peptides were intradermally administered with combined adjuvants on a weekly basis. This study was a phase I dose escalation clinical trial, which was carried out in a three patients’ cohort; in total, 11 patients were enrolled for the recommended dose.

Results
Seventeen patients received this vaccination therapy without dose-limiting toxicity. All treatment-related adverse events were of grades 1 to 2. Peptide-specific CTL induction by HSP70 and GPC3 proteins was observed in 11 (64.7%) and 13 (76.5%) cases, respectively, regardless of the HLA type. Serum tumor marker levels were decreased in 10 cases (58.8%). Immunological analysis using PBMCs indicated that patients receiving dose level 3 presented with significantly reduced T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3)-expressing CD4 + T cells after one course of treatment. PD-1 or TIM3-expressing CD4 + T cells and T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT)-expressing CD8 + T cells in PBMCs before vaccination were negative predictive factors for survival.

Conclusions
This novel peptide vaccination therapy was safe for patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers.
Validation of the PI-RADS language: predictive values of PI-RADS lexicon descriptors for detection of prostate cancer
Authors: Rudolph Madhuri M. , Baur Alexander D. J. , Haas Matthias , Cash Hannes , Miller Kurt , Mahjoub Samy , Hartenstein Alexander , Kaufmann David , Rotzinger Roman , Lee Chau Hung , Asbach Patrick , Hamm Bernd , Penzkofer Tobias 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the discriminatory power of lexicon terms used in PI-RADS version 2 to describe MRI features of prostate lesions.

Methods
Four hundred fifty-four patients were included in this retrospective, institutional review board–approved study. Patients received multiparametric (mp) MRI and subsequent prostate biopsy including MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy and 10-core systematic biopsy. PI-RADS lexicon terms describing lesion characteristics on mpMRI were assigned to lesions by experienced readers. Positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of each lexicon term were assessed using biopsy results as a reference standard.

Results
From a total of 501 lesions, clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) was present in 175 lesions (34.9%). Terms related to findings of restricted diffusion showed PPVs of up to 52.0%/43.9% and NPV of up to 91.8%/89.7% (peripheral zone or PZ/transition zone or TZ). T2-weighted imaging (T2W)–related terms showed a wide range of predictive values. For PZ lesions, high PPVs were found for “markedly hypointense,” “lenticular,” “lobulated,” and “spiculated” (PPVs between 67.2 and 56.7%). For TZ lesions, high PPVs were found for “water-drop-shaped” and “erased charcoal sign” (78.6% and 61.0%). The terms “encapsulated,” “organized chaos,” and “linear” showed to be good predictors for benignity with distinctively low PPVs between 5.4 and 6.9%. Most T2WI-related terms showed improved predictive values for TZ lesions when combined with DWI-related findings.

Conclusions
Lexicon terms with high discriminatory power were identified (e.g., “markedly hypointense,” “water-drop-shaped,” “organized chaos”). DWI-related terms can be useful for excluding TZ cancer. Combining T2WI- with DWI findings in TZ lesions markedly improved predictive values.

Key Points
• Lexicon terms describing morphological and functional features of prostate lesions on MRI show a wide range of predictive values for prostate cancer.
• Some T2-related terms have favorable PPVs, e.g., “water-drop-shaped” and “organized chaos” while others show less distinctive predictive values. DWI-related terms have noticeable negative predictive values in TZ lesions making DWI feature a useful tool for exclusion of TZ cancer.
• Combining DWI- and T2-related lexicon terms for assessment of TZ lesions markedly improves PPVs. Most T2-related lexicon terms showed a significant decrease in PPV when combined with negative findings for “DW hyperintensity.”
Dynamics of fungal and bacterial groups and their carbon sources during the growing season of maize in a long-term experiment
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Kätterer Thomas , Thornton Barry , Börjesson Gunnar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe relative contribution of different microbial groups to soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and utilisation of rhizodeposits during a cropping season has remained largely unknown. We used a long-term field experiment (started in 1956), in which C3 crops were replaced with C4 silage maize in 2000, to investigate dynamics of fungi and bacterial groups and their utilisation of ‘young-C4’ and ‘old-C3’ SOM-derived resource every second week during the cropping season (June–Oct). Treatments include bare fallow, unfertilised, fertilised with mineral N and fertilised with farmyard manure (FYM) addition. Extracted soil phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were pooled into Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi (18:2ω6,9) groups and their δ13C values determined. Total PLFAs amount correlated to the SOM contents (highest in FYM) and increased over the cropping season in N-fertilised and FYM treatments. As a result of a peak in plant growth during a period with frequent rain events in August, δ13C of total PLFAs significantly increased from − 23.8 to − 21.6‰ and − 26.1 to − 24.7‰, in N-fertilised and FYM addition, respectively. This clearly indicated a shift in microbial utilisation from old to young SOM sources, which was linked to increased soil moisture contents and fungal biomass. The abundance of Gram-positive increased and that of Gram-negative bacteria decreased until August and vice versa thereafter. The mean δ13C values of individual microbial groups were highest in fungi (corresponding to their seasonal biomass variation) followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results clearly demonstrated that irrespective of fertilisation type, fungi were the main players in seasonal SOM dynamics and were strongly influenced by soil moisture and phenological stage of the maize (i.e. rhizodeposition). Disentangling these microbial controls on C resources utilisation will be crucial for understanding C cycling during a cropping season or on an ecosystem scale.
Recent advances in stimuli-responsive core-shell microgel particles: synthesis, characterisation, and applications
Authors: Oberdisse Julian , Hellweg Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInspired by the path followed by Matthias Ballauff over the past 20 years, the development of thermosensitive core-shell microgel structures is reviewed. Different chemical structures, from hard nanoparticle cores to double stimuli-responsive microgels have been devised and successfully implemented by many different groups. Some of the rich variety of these systems is presented, as well as some recent progress in structural analysis of such microstructures by small-angle scattering of neutrons or X-rays, including modelling approaches. In the last part, again following early work by the group of Matthias Ballauff, applications with particular emphasis on incorporation of catalytic nanoparticles inside core-shell structures—stabilising the nanoparticles and granting external control over activity—will be discussed, as well as core-shell microgels at interfaces.
Smart microgels as drug delivery vehicles for the natural drug aescin: uptake, release and interactions
Authors: Dirksen Maxim , Dargel Carina , Meier Lukas , Brändel Timo , Hellweg Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we show how acrylamide-based microgels can be employed for the uptake and release of the drug β-aescin, a widely used natural product with a variety of pharmacological effects. We show how aescin is incorporated into the microgel particles. It has an important influence on the structure of the microgels, by reducing their natural network-density gradient in the swollen state. Moreover, temperature-dependent measurements reveal how the incorporation of aescin stabilizes the microgel particles, while the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) is almost constant, which is very important for the intended drug release. Finally, it is shown that upon increase of the temperature above the VPTT the particles are able to release aescin from their network, encouraging the use of this particular drug delivery system for hypothermia treatments.
Maternal complications in molecularly confirmed diandric and digynic triploid pregnancies: single institution experience and literature review
Authors: Massalska D. , Bijok J. , Kucińska-Chahwan A. , Zimowski J. G. , Ozdarska K. , Raniszewska A. , Panek G. M. , Roszkowski T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Assessment of the maternal complications in molecularly confirmed diandric and digynic triploid pregnancies.

Methods
Sonographic features, biochemical results, and clinical presentation were analyzed. Beta-hCG level was controlled after diandric triploidy.

Results
The study included nine diandric and twelve digynic triploid pregnancies at the mean gestational age at diagnosis of 14.9 and 18.0 weeks, respectively (p = 0.0391). Mean value of total-hCG was 979 703.6 U/ml in diandric cases and 5 455.4 U/ml in digynic ones (p < 0.000). Maternal complications occurred in 88.9% of diandric triploid pregnancies, including: thecalutein cysts (44.4%), hyperemesis gravidarum (44.4%), symptomatic hyperthyreosis (33.3%), early onset gestational hypertension (22.2%) and vaginal bleeding (11.1%). No case of proteinuria, preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome was observed. Only maternal complication observed in digynic triploidy was vaginal bleeding (50.0%). The mean time of beta-hCG normalization after diandric triploid pregnancies was 84 days (range 11–142 days). No case of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) was observed.

Conclusions
Maternal complications (except for vaginal bleeding) are associated with diandric triploidy. The relatively low incidence of hypertensive maternal complications and their less severe course in our cohort may be attributed to the earlier prenatal diagnosis. The frequency of GTN after diandric triploidy may be lower than previously reported.