bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic estimation of specific surface area and cation exchange capacity: a global multivariate distribution
Authors: Sharma Atma , Hazra Budhaditya , Spagnoli Giovanni , Sekharan Sreedeep 
Published: August 2020

Specific surface area (SSA) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) are two fundamental clay properties. However, the determination of CEC and SSA is challenging due to inherent uncertainties and difficulty in experimental measurement. A popular approach is to employ transformation models for their estimation. However, most of the existing models were developed on limited sample sizes and quantification of uncertainty associated with the estimate is not possible. Therefore, this study proposes a multivariate probabilistic approach for estimation of CEC and SSA. First, a five-dimensional database (278 × 5) for the parameters liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), clay fraction (CF), CEC, and SSA (labelled as CLAY/C-S/5/278) is developed. Thereafter, multivariate distribution for the five parameters in the database is constructed using the vine copula approach. Implementation of the proposed approach is demonstrated by updating the prior–unconditional probability density functions (PDFs) of CEC and SSA given single or multiple clay parameters using Bayes’ rule. The posterior or conditional PDFs of CEC and SSA are also summarized as practitioner-friendly analytical expressions. Two geotechnical application examples are shown as well. In the proposed approach, CEC and SSA are characterized by their complete joint distribution and therefore this approach is superior to the popular deterministic transformation approach in literature.
Emission cross sections for energetic O+(4S,2D,2P)–N2 collisions
Authors: Gochitashvili M. R. , Kezerashvili R. Y. , Kuparashvili D. F. , Schulz M. , Mosulishvili N. O. , Taboridze O. G. , Lomsadze R. A. 
Published: August 2020

Measurements of emission cross sections for the [Formula: see text] collision system with the incident beam of 1–10 keV [Formula: see text] in the ground [Formula: see text]) and metastable [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states are reported. The emission cross section induced by incident ions in the metastable state [Formula: see text] is much larger than that for the ground [Formula: see text] state. The emission cross section of [Formula: see text] ion for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] bands system is measured and the ratio of intensities for these bands is established as [Formula: see text] It is shown that the cross sections for the [Formula: see text] ions emissions in the dissociative charge exchange processes increase with the increase of the incident ion energy. The energy dependence of the emission cross section of the band [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] nm of the first-negative band system of the [Formula: see text] and degree of linear polarization of emission in [Formula: see text] collision are measured for the first time. An influence of an admixture of the ion metastable state on a degree of linear polarization is revealed. The mechanism of the processes realized during collisions of ground and metastable oxygen ions on molecular nitrogen have been established. It is demonstrated that for [Formula: see text] collision system the degree of linear polarization by metastable [Formula: see text] ions is less compared to those that are in the ground [Formula: see text] state and the sign of emission of degree of linear polarization of excited molecular ions does not change.
Nf1-Mutant Tumors Undergo Transcriptome and Kinome Remodeling after Inhibition of either mTOR or MEK
Authors: Pucciarelli Daniela , Angus Steven P. , Huang Benjamin , Zhang Chi , Nakaoka Hiroki J. , Krishnamurthi Ganesh , Bandyopadhyay Sourav , Clapp D. Wade , Shannon Kevin , Johnson Gary L. , Nakamura Jean L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLoss of the tumor suppressor NF1 leads to activation of RAS effector pathways, which are therapeutically targeted by inhibition of mTOR (mTORi) or MEK (MEKi). However, therapeutic inhibition of RAS effectors leads to the development of drug resistance and ultimately disease progression. To investigate molecular signatures in the context of NF1 loss and subsequent acquired drug resistance, we analyzed the exomes, transcriptomes, and kinomes of Nf1-mutant mouse tumor cell lines and derivatives of these lines that acquired resistance to either MEKi or mTORi. Biochemical comparisons of this unique panel of tumor cells, all of which arose in Nf1+/− mice, indicate that loss of heterozygosity of Nf1 as an initial genetic event does not confer a common biochemical signature or response to kinase inhibition. Although acquired drug resistance by Nf1-mutant tumor cells was accompanied by altered kinomes and irreversibly altered transcriptomes, functionally in multiple Nf1-mutant tumor cell lines, MEKi resistance was a stable phenotype, in contrast to mTORi resistance, which was reversible. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Nf1-mutant tumors represent a heterogeneous group biochemically and undergo broader remodeling of kinome activity and gene expression in response to targeted kinase inhibition.
Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Jabalpur City, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Jagat S. Flora  , Ashish D. Tiple  , Ashok Sengupta  , Sonali V. Padwad  
Published: August 2020

The present study was carried out to reveal the butterfly species diversity in the Jabalpur City, Madhya Pradesh, India. Study was carried out from January 2008 to 2018. A total of 112 species were recorded, with an addition of 41 new species for Jabalpur district and one species for the state of Madhya Pradesh. Of the total, 42 species were very common, five were frequent common, 18 were rare, and four were very rare. Nymphalidae was dominant with 39 species, followed by Lycaenidae with 38, Pieridae with 15 species, Hesperiidae with 14, Papilionidae with eight and Riodinidae with one species. About six species of the recorded ones come under the protection category of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The study illustrated the value of Jabalpur City area in hosting valuable resources for butterflies.
Open garbage dumps near protected areas in Uttarakhand: an emerging threat to Asian Elephants in the Shivalik Elephant Reserve
Authors: Puri Kanchan , Joshi Ritesh , Singh Vaibhav 
Published: August 2020

Waste dumping sites near protected areas are a growing issue, which may affect the activities and behaviour of wildlife, more than what we notice. Here, we present two of our case studies, where Asian Elephants were found feeding at garbage dumps in Haridwar and Ramnagar forest divisions in the Shivalik Elephant Reserve in Uttarakhand State. Since garbage dumps may spread bacterial infection and induce adverse changes in the health conditions of the elephant population, we draw the attention of planners to develop a plan of action for proper disposal of the garbage through these preliminary observations, without affecting protected areas and wildlife species, including elephants. Moreover, collection of data on the presence of garbage dumps across the reserve and a study on the behavioural responses of scavenging and non-scavenging animals visiting the dumps would give us a better understanding of the level of impact of garbage dumps for disposal planning. It is to emphasize that garbage does not constitute a part of natural food for elephants. There are restrictions and guidelines in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Guidelines for Declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones around National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
A new species of Dillenia (Angiosperms: Dilleniaceae) from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: J. Swamy  , L. Rasingam  , S. Nagaraju  , Pooja R. Mane  
Published: August 2020

Dillenia tirupatiensis sp. nov. (Dilleniaceae) is described from Chittoor District of Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh. It is closely allied to D. hookeri, but differs in its leaf morphology, pedicel and bracteole length, flower colour, the arrangement of style pattern, and number of ovule rows in the carpels.
Butterfly diversity in an organic tea estate of Darjeeling Hills, eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Pradhan Aditya , Khaling Sarala 
Published: August 2020

The study was undertaken from March–May 2019 to explore the butterflies in the human-modified tea dominated landscape of Darjeeling Hills and understanding the diversity, community structure, habitat specialization, and conservation status of butterflies in an organic tea estate. Sampling was done in the two representative ecosystems of tea plantation and secondary forest within the study area. Altogether 71 species and sub-species across 43 genera belonging to five families were recorded during this study, of which seven are protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972.
Habitat preference and current distribution of Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla L. 1758) in Dorokha Dungkhag, Samtse, southern Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Dago , Jambay  , Ju Lian Chong  , Dorji Tshering 
Published: August 2020

The Chinese Pangolin (CP), Manis pentadactyla L. is one of the two pangolin species recorded in Bhutan. Not many studies, however, were carried out on the species in Bhutan. The present study was carried out to assess the habitat preference and current distribution of CP, Manis pentadactyla in Dorokha Dungkhag, Samtse from January to March 2017. Belt transect method consisting of 100 x 100 m each was used to assess the habitat preference and estimate burrow density, coupled with an extensive search of indirect signs of pangolin presence (burrows, scat, footprint, scales, scratches) was utilized to determine the current distribution of the CP. Modelling of habitat was carried out using QGIS and Maxent. A total of 181 burrows were recorded from 48 plots with burrow density of 0.104 per hectare. These were mostly distributed in the habitat dominated by needlework trees (Schima wallichii), evergreen broadleaf (Castanopsis hytrix) and shrubs (Viburnum species). The preferred habitat of the CP was recorded to range from an altitude of 1,300–1,700 m, with highest feeding activities recorded within the periphery of cardamom plantation and adjacent forested area. A higher burrow density was recorded in humid soils, with high termite presence, and in the vicinity of human settlements. Habitat modelling revealed that 23.57km2 of the study area was highly suitable and 37.88km2 was a suitable habitat for the species. Similar studies are suggested to be carried out in other parts of Bhutan in different seasons to better understand the species and its distribution in the country.
Puccinia duthiei Ellis & Tracy: a new host record on Chrysopogon velutinus from India
Authors: Suhas Kundlik Kamble  
Published: August 2020

Chrysopogon Trinius belongs to poaceae is represented by 23 species in India. Rust disease is caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales, which comprises about 168 genera and nearby 7,000 species of rusts. An attempt has been made to record new rust fungi, Puccinia duthiae Ellis and Tracy on Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook. F.) Bor from India.
New locality records and call description of the Resplendent Shrub Frog Raorchestes resplendens (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Das Sandeep , K.P. Rajkumar  , K.A. Sreejith  , M. Royaltata  , P.S. Easa  
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The Resplendent Shrub Frog, Raorchestes resplendens Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, & Bossuyt, 2010 is a Critically Endangered species endemic to the Western Ghats and was considered to be restricted to a three-square kilometer patch atop Anamudi summit. In this study, we report 36 new locations of the species from the Anamalai massif of the southern Western Ghats. Niche-based prediction modelling suggests that the species is restricted to Anamalai massif. The call description of this frog is also provided for the first time. The preferred microhabitat of the frog is Chrysopogon grass clumps in the marshy/swampy montane grassland ecosystem. Restricted to a small area with controlled burning management practiced in its habitat, R. resplendens needs immediate attention.
Trends in Antibiotic Duration for Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections
Authors: DeCesare Laura , Xu Thomas Q. , Saclarides Constantine , Coughlin Julia M. , Chivukula Sitaram V. , Woodfin Ashley , Chan Edie , Booker Connor , Jacobson Richard 
Published: August 2020

Introduction The 2017 surgical infection society (SIS) guidelines recommend 4 days of antibiotic therapy after source control for complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). Inappropriate exposure to antibiotics has a negative impact on outcomes in individual patients and populations. The goal of this study was to evaluate our institution’s practice patterns and adherence to current antibiotic guidelines. Methods Medical records from 2010 to 2018 for cIAIs were examined. Complicated appendicitis and complicated diverticulitis cases were included. Exclusion criteria included other etiologies of IAIs, pediatric cases, and cancer operations. Results Fifty-nine complicated appendicitis cases and 96 complicated diverticulitis cases were identified. For all cases, antibiotic duration prior to publication of the SIS guidelines was significantly longer than post-SIS duration (appendicitis: 12.6 ± 1.1 days pre-SIS [n = 37] vs 9.0 ± 1.1 days post-SIS [n = 22], P = .01; diverticulitis: 15.1 ± 0.8 days pre-SIS [n = 49] vs 11.2 ± 0.5 post-SIS [n = 47], P = .04). Surgical management (SM) was associated with shorter duration of postsource control antibiotic exposure compared with percutaneous drainage (PD) for both appendicitis (SM 10.0 ± 1.2 days vs PD 13.4 ± 1.0 days, P = .02) and diverticulitis (SM 12.8 ± 1.5 days vs PD 16.0 ± 1.5, P = .07). Patients with complicated appendicitis received shorter duration of antibiotics when managed by acute care surgeons compared to general surgeons (8.4 ± 1.1 vs 11.9 ± 0.8, P = .02). Conclusion Despite improvements after the SIS guidelines’ publication, the antibiotic duration is still longer than recommended. Surgical intervention and management by acute care specialists were associated with a shorter duration of antibiotic exposure.
A low dose of lysergic acid diethylamide decreases pain perception in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ramaekers Johannes G , Hutten Nadia , Mason Natasha L , Dolder Patrick , Theunissen Eef L , Holze Friederike , Liechti Matthias E , Feilding Amanda , Kuypers Kim PC 
Published: August 2020

Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an ergot alkaloid derivative with psychedelic properties that has been implicated in the management of persistent pain. Clinical studies in the 1960s and 1970s have demonstrated profound analgesic effects of full doses of LSD in terminally ill patients, but this line of research evaporated after LSD was scheduled worldwide. Aim: The present clinical study is the first to revisit the potential of LSD as an analgesic, and at dose levels which are not expected to produce profound mind-altering effects. Methods: Twenty-four healthy volunteers received single doses of 5, 10 and 20 µg LSD as well as placebo on separate occasions. A Cold Pressor Test was administered at 1.5 and 5 h after treatment administration to assess pain tolerance to experimentally evoked pain. Ratings of dissociation and psychiatric symptoms as well as assessments of vital signs were included to monitor mental status as well as safety during treatments. Results: LSD 20 µg significantly increased the time that participants were able to tolerate exposure to cold (3°C) water and decreased their subjective levels of experienced pain and unpleasantness. LSD elevated mean blood pressure within the normal range and slightly increased ratings of dissociation, anxiety and somatization. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence of a protracted analgesic effect of LSD at a dose that is low enough to avoid a psychedelic experience. The present data warrant further research into the analgesic effects of low doses of LSD in patient populations.
I can’t get it off my mind: Attentional bias in former and current cocaine addiction
Authors: Smith Pauline , N’Diaye Karim , Fortias Maeva , Mallet Luc , Vorspan Florence 
Published: August 2020

Background: Cocaine addiction is a global health issue with limited therapeutic options and a high relapse rate. Attentional bias towards substance-related cues may be an important factor for relapse. However, it has never been compared in former and current cocaine-dependent patients. Methods: Attentional bias towards cocaine-related words was assessed using an emotional Stroop task in cocaine-dependent patients ( N = 40), long-term abstinent former cocaine-dependent patients ( N = 24; mean abstinence: 2 years) and control subjects ( N = 28). Participants had to name the colour of cocaine-related words, neutral words and colour names. We assessed response times using an automatic voice-onset detection method we developed and we measured attentional bias as the difference in response times between cocaine-related and neutral conditions. Results: There was an overall group effect on attentional bias towards cocaine, but no group effect on the colour Stroop effect. Two-by-two comparison showed a difference in attentional bias between cocaine-dependent patients and controls, whereas long-term abstinent former cocaine-dependent patients were not different from either. Although cocaine-dependent patients showed a significant attentional bias, consistent with the literature, neither long-term abstinent former cocaine-dependent patients nor controls showed a significant attentional bias towards cocaine-related words. We found no link between attentional bias size and either addiction severity or craving. Conclusions: Cocaine abstinence was associated with an absence of significant attentional bias towards cocaine-related words, which may be interpreted either as an absence of attentional bias predicting success in maintaining abstinence, or as attentional bias being able to disappear with long-term cocaine abstinence. Further research is needed to distinguish the role of attentional bias in maintaining abstinence.
A possible future for anaesthesia in breast surgery: thoracic paravertebral block and awake surgery. A prospective observational study
Authors: Santonastaso Domenico P. , de Chiara Annabella , Russo Emanuele , Gamberini Emiliano , Lucchi Leonardo , Sibilio Andrea , Bagaphou Claude , Zani Gianluca , Righetti Roberto , Rispoli Marco , Fusari Maurizio , Agnoletti Vanni 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Quadrantectomy is a surgical procedure traditionally performed under general anaesthesia with intraoperative and postoperative opioid-based analgesia. The use of locoregional anaesthesia techniques in breast surgery has become widespread and allows excellent management of intraoperative and postoperative pain with reduced opioid consumption. We chose thoracic paravertebral block as regional anaesthesia technique in breast surgery to investigate the possibility of carrying out this surgery with the patient awake. Methods: A prospective observational study on 50 patients was designed. The primary outcome for this study was the possibility to carry out the surgery with only the paravertebral block associated with mild sedation without general anaesthesia. Forty minutes before the start of the surgery, an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block was performed at two thoracic levels, and for each level, 7 mL of ropivacaine 0.7% was injected. Sedation was obtained with target-controlled infusion of propofol. Results: Forty-nine patients underwent the operation awake; in one case, we had to place an I-gel and perform general anaesthesia. No patient needed intraoperative or postoperative opioids. The numeric rating scale, recorded at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours, was greater than 3 in only five patients. Conclusions: We believe that if in the future we try to make quadrantectomy an intervention in which the anaesthesia is exclusively regional, therefore with a patient awake and collaborating, it will not be possible to ignore the use of thoracic paravertebral block.
Design and development of a novel 3D-printed non-metallic self-locking prosthetic arm for a forequarter amputation
Authors: Binedell Trevor , Meng Eugene , Subburaj Karupppasamy 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Upper limb, in particular forequarter amputations, require highly customised devices that are often expensive and underutilised.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to design and develop a comfortable 3D-printed cosmetic forequarter prosthetic device, which was lightweight, cool to wear, had an elbow that could lock, matched the appearance of the contralateral arm and was completely free of metal for a specific user’s needs.

Study Design:
Device design.

Technique:
An iterative user-centred design approach was used for digitising, designing and developing a functional 3D-printed prosthetic arm for an acquired forequarter amputation, while optimising the fit and function after each prototype.

Results:
The cost of the final arm was 20% less expensive than a traditionally-made forequarter prostheses in Singapore. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST) 2.0 survey was administered, with results indicating that the 3D-printed arm was preferred due to its overall effectiveness, accurate size, ease of use and suspension. However, durability had a lower score, and the weight of the arm was 100 g heavier than the user’s current prosthesis. The technique described resulted in a precise fitting and shaped forequarter prosthesis for the user. Using the user’s feedback in the iterations of the design resulted in improved QUEST survey results indicating the device was effective, easy to use, perceived as lighter and more secure than the user’s traditionally-made device.

Conclusion:
A fully customised cosmetic forequarter prosthesis was designed and developed using digital scanning, computer-aided design modelling and 3D printing for a specific user. These technologies enable new avenues for highly complex prosthetic design innovations.
Parental ADHD Knowledge in Latinx Families: Gender Differences and Treatment Effects
Authors: Gerdes Alyson C. , Malkoff Anne , Kapke Theresa L. , Grace Margaret 
Published: August 2020

Objective The current study aimed to extend findings of a study comparing two psychosocial treatments for ADHD in Latinx youth by examining if parental ADHD knowledge improves following treatment and if parental gender differences in ADHD knowledge exist. Method Following a comprehensive ADHD assessment, 58 Latinx families of school-aged children (mean age of 8 years) were randomly assigned to either culturally-adapted treatment (CAT) or standard evidence-based treatment (EBT). Parents completed an ADHD Knowledge measure both pre- and post-treatment. Results/Conclusion Latinx mothers demonstrated greater knowledge of ADHD symptomatology than fathers at pre-treatment. CAT resulted in improvements in parental knowledge of ADHD for both mothers and fathers, whereas standard EBT resulted in no change in maternal knowledge and reduced paternal knowledge of ADHD symptomatology. Clinical implications will be discussed.