bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Al-Nahda’s Local Test
Authors: Lamloum Olfa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
After some 10 years in power and more than two years in control of several municipalities, the previously banned Tunisian Islamist party al-Nahda has had a unique trajectory as a Sunni Islamic political movement in the wake of the Arab uprisings. This chapter examines that trajectory from a local perspective, focusing on two popular districts of Greater Tunis, al-Tadamun and Douar Hisher, historic strongholds of al-Nahda. The aim is to understand the mutations through which this central actor has passed in Tunisia, examining the evolution of its social action and its repertoire of political legitimization. The chapter outlines the tensions marking its institutionalization in terms of generational dislocation and the alienation of its popular base. In doing so, it traces the recomposition of local power and its underlying arrangements in relegated urban margins 10 years after the fall of Ben Ali’s authoritarian regime.
The Place of Islam in the Foundation of Modern Social Theory
Authors: Sunar Lutfi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The relation between Islam and the West has a long history, full of confrontation. Islam always represents the closest “other” for the West, and being otherized is not only a cultural but also a strategic matter. Controlling and shaping the perceptions of Islam are essential for continuing the political hegemony of the West. On this basis, the 19th century witnessed the spread of Western hegemony throughout the world, including the Middle East. In this period, although Western expansion faced considerable resistance in Muslim societies, the political, economic, military, scientific, intellectual, and cultural influence of modernity spread all over the world. The encounter between Muslim societies and the West went beyond the sheer geographical dimension. The Western vision, founded and reinforced by orientalism, considers Islam as a suppressed enemy who may make a comeback. This chapter will question the place of Islam in modern social theory. The central thesis is on Islam being not only the other of the modern Western identity, but also a founder of the modern world. By discussing the central place of Islam in the debates of social theory’s founders such as Tocqueville, Marx, and Weber, Islam as part and parcel of the modern world will become apparent.
Shifting Family Patterns
Authors: Dennerlein Bettina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on a historically informed comparative perspective, the chapter critically reviews topics and debates in research on the issue of family with a view to the Middle East and North Africa region. It outlines different trends in the field and discusses the limits of specialized knowledge production on the topic, as well as the potential contribution of area-specific perspectives in family studies more broadly. The chapter unfolds the complexity of findings from qualitative research in history as well as the social sciences and describes its uneasy relationship with macro-perspectives on family change and demography. Special attention is paid to critical concepts and new paradigms emerging from the field that tie in with feminist and gender theories.
Ethnic Identity, Memory, and Sites of Violence
Authors: Larkin Craig 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Arab uprisings may have contributed to a newly “sectarianized” Middle East, yet more broadly this must be recognized as part of resurgent identity politics in which state exclusion, repression, and violence occur across ethnic, religious, and political divides. The mobilization of ethnic identities—the creation of distinct collectivities based on narratives of common descent—is as evident in nationalist diatribes throughout the region as it is in minority rights campaigns for equality or cultural autonomy. Ethnic identity formation requires both mnemonic discourses and specific sites in which social memories, imaginaries, and practices can be embedded and collectively performed. This chapter examines how geographies of violence—sites of historic trauma, loss, and displacement—are reappropriated through commemorative practice and martyr memorialization, which help shape contemporary ethnic narratives of identity and resistance. From Kurds in Irbil to Copts in Egypt to Palestinians inside Israel, each community attests to spatial exclusion and violence and finds ways of inhabiting and reimaging past trauma, to shape historical narratives and contemporary political expediencies. This chapter explores some of the key scholarship around this theme before examining the growing proliferation of martyr museums in the region.
Deuteronomy, Hosea, and the Theory of Northern Origins
Authors: Arnold Bill T. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Deuteronomy appears to share numerous thematic and phraseological connections with the book of Hosea from the eighth century bce. Investigation of these connections during the early twentieth century settled upon a scholarly consensus, which has broken down in more recent work. Related to this question is the possibility of northern origins of Deuteronomy—as a whole, or more likely, in an early proto-Deuteronomy legal core. This chapter surveys the history of the investigation leading up to the current impasse and offers a reexamination of the problem from the standpoint of one passage in Hosea.
Property in Human Body Parts
Authors: Pila Justine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter surveys the current legal position concerning property in bodies and bodily materials. Of especial relevance in the current age of advanced genetic and other bio technologies, it looks beyond property in bodies and their materials ‘as such’ to consider also (a) the availability of rights of personal and intellectual property in objects incorporating or derived from them, and (b) the reliance on quasi-property rights of possession and consent to regulate the storage and use of corpses and detached bodily materials, including so-called ‘bio-specimens’. Reasoning from first principles, it highlights the practical and conceptual, as well as the political and philosophical, difficulties in this area, along with certain differences in the regulatory approach of European and US authorities. By way of conclusion, it proposes the law of authors’ and inventors’ rights as simultaneously offering a cautionary tale to those who would extend the reach of property even further than it extends currently and ideas for exploiting the malleability of the ‘property’ concept to manage the risks of extending it.
Temporality of Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Libman Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The chapter surveys the existing research in political science and other social science disciplines investigating the temporal dynamics of authoritarian regimes. The chapter’s primary focus is on the incremental changes occurring in autocracies between their emergence and collapse, which has received relatively little attention in the scholarly literature so far. The chapter looks, in particular, at the evolution of authoritarian regimes toward individual or collective rule; at the regime cycles, caused, for example, by authoritarian elections; and at succession crises associated with death or resignation of leaders. Furthermore, it addresses the question of whether authoritarian regimes are better able to implement long-term and future-oriented policies than democracies. The chapter identifies a number of gaps in the literature on authoritarian dynamics relevant to future research.
Humanism in Africa
Authors: Masolo D. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter shows that the idea of humanism in contemporary African thought takes as its backdrop the historical interaction between Africa and foreign cultural and political invasions of the continent since the Middle Ages. Christianity and Islam, before European political invasion, introduced novel concepts and values of the human person and human life, introducing with them new political and social concepts and structures. The emerging synchrony and sometimes tensions between these and indigenous African worldviews have seen African philosophers and political visionaries reaching out to indigenous African modes of thought, whether secular or with some supernatural inclinations, as reservoirs of better concepts of human nature that will heal a world broken by unsound concepts of human nature that not only resulted in unsound epistemological and other philosophical theories, but also produced the injustices of domination, racism, and inequality across the globe. Grounded in the idea of the relational nature of humans among themselves and with nature, African philosophers and thinkers have argued that the well-being of human and non-human reality depends on developing and defending the values of mutual dependency.
Coloniality, Racialization, and Epistemicide in African Youth Mobilities
Authors: Kalemba Joshua , Farrugia David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This essay explores the experiences of Black African youth migrating to and working in an Australian regional town using the concepts of epistemicide and coloniality of labor. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted with twenty Black African youth in Australia, colonial violence is highlighted by demonstrating how these young people negotiate Australia’s immigration regime which seeks to produce docile, colonial subjects of value to the Australian national labour force. This essay argues that aspects of epistemicide are enacted when young immigrants are required to position themselves as desirable residents under terms that eliminate their existing ways of knowing themselves and the world. Meanwhile they occupy devalorized positions critical to economic transformations taking place because of deindustrialization. Conclusions reflect on the value of producing knowledge from African youths’ position as a critical step toward uncovering colonial violence and realizing a decolonized Youth Studies.
Ontological Well-being and the Effects of Race in South Africa
Authors: Soudien Crain 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The concept of ontological insecurity draws attention to uncertainty, instability, and threats to autonomy, as these relate to people’s identities. It has connections to the idea of practical consciousness or the cognitive and emotive anchors that enable people to feel secure. The experience of racism has important implications for ontological insecurity. Racism as an experience profoundly dehumanizes a person. Despite the multiple affinities ontology has with questions of race and inequality, the idea of ontological insecurity has not been used widely in discussions of social difference. The concept can help explore the effects of prejudice and discrimination as they relate to a person or group’s whole sense of being. These ideas are used to analyze data from the South African Social Attitudes Surveys conducted between 2003 and 2016. In the surveys young South Africans report feelings of dampened capacity—a diminishing of their self-confidence. Race was a factor in these feelings; however, it was not determinative in a totalizing sense.
The Unfinished Emancipation of Egyptian Youth in the 2011 Uprising
Authors: El Naggare Amani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This essay explores how emotions, understood as social rather than individual phenomena, catalyze or suppress new youth-led group identities in the second phase of decolonial emancipation. Decolonial emancipation is understood as a long process that begins with national liberation from colonial oppression and continues, into a second phase, as independent nations experiment with forms of self-actualization. Egyptian youths’ aspirations, actions, and attempts to realize a second phase of decolonial emancipation are studied through two key events: the 2011 mass uprising that centered on Tahrir Square and which prized open the Egyptian political sphere, and the 2013 military intervention which curtailed full emancipation. Emotions as social phenomena were fundamental to youth emancipation in the period 2011–2013, catalyzing historical momentum for youth to imagine a different society through a form of enlightenment, but also stalling the revolution through social and historical trauma and misplaced trust.
Youth, Social Contracting, and the Postcolony
Authors: Everatt David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social contracts are concerned with the legitimacy of the state over the individual. The social contract offers mutual benefit and reciprocal obligation and is intrinsic to liberalism’s assertion that freedom is normative and encroaching on freedom requires justification. The social contract is both a philosophical idea and a toolkit for defusing conflict and tying participants to core liberal values. Talk of new social contracts, including intergenerational contracts, focus on maintaining a peaceful status quo, not transcending it. For the Global South in general, and youth in particular, the experience is more contract and less social. There seems little opportunity for southern youth to move from the margins to center stage, mimicking the inability of the Global South to do the same. Southern youth bear the brunt of limited economic opportunities, precarious employment, inequality, racism, and violence, compounding their marginalized place in society. What value can social contracting play beyond a short-term band-aid, unless it incorporates a fundamental rupture with the past?
Intersectionality, Black Youth, and Political Activism
Authors: Collins Patricia Hill 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For youth who are Black, Indigenous, female, or poor, coming of age within societies characterized by social inequalities presents special challenges. Yet despite the significance of being young within socially unjust settings, age as a category of analysis remains undertheorized within studies of political activism. This essay therefore draws upon intersectionality and generational analyses as two useful and underutilized approaches for analyzing the political agency of Black youth in the United States with implications for Black youth more globally. Intersectional analyses of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power help explain how and why intersecting oppressions fall more heavily on young people who are multiply disadvantaged within these systems of power. Generational analysis suggests that people who share similar experiences when they are young, especially if such experiences have a direct impact on their lives, develop a generational sensibility that may shape their political consciousness and behavior. Together, intersectionality and generational analyses lay a foundation for examining youth activism as essential to understanding how young people resist intersecting oppressions of racism, heteropatriarchy, class exploitation, and colonialism.
Ethics in Couple and Family Psychotherapy
Authors: Schaer Marcel , Steinlin Célia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In couple and family therapy, the focus is on relationships, interactions, and the dynamics within the system. The therapist should strive to maintain a balanced and trustful relationship with all members of the system, and at the same time do justice to their individual wishes and perspectives. Couples and families usually present themselves with conflicts of interest that they have failed to resolve. Dealing with conflicts of interest is therefore an important element of couple and family therapy. The existing ethical guidelines, defined by psychological professional associations and medical ethics experts, are not specific enough at representing the complexities which family and couple therapists are confronted with. As an alternative to the ethical guidelines, Beauchamp and Childress (2008) have worked out general ethical principles: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. In this chapter, a number of ethical problems in couple and family therapy are discussed against the backdrop of these principles. Problems in family and couple therapy can be addressed based on the question who of the system members carries more blame and who can execute more control. Four models of help, i.e., the medical model, the compensatory model, the enlightenment model, and the moral model, are presented with regard to this question. Finally, it is argued that ethical issues in couple and family therapy are relational and context-dependent. They must therefore be resolved in the encounter with each other.
The History and Ethics of the Therapeutic Relationship
Authors: Koch Ulrich , Cratsley Kelso 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews past and present debates about the therapeutic relationship in order to draw out the ethical implications of relational practices in psychotherapy. The therapeutic relationship has been understood differently across psychotherapeutic approaches, with each tradition responding to the attendant ethical challenges in distinctive ways. Aside from practitioners’ theoretical and practical commitments, the therapeutic relationship has also been, and continues to be, shaped by broader societal influences. The chapter discusses the shifting ethical implications of relational practices, then, as situated in their theoretical and historical contexts. The historical variability of concerns raised by the therapeutic relationship requires continued ethical analysis in order to confront the diversity and complexity of contemporary clinical practice.
The Modernist Picture Book in three Dimensions
Authors: Trumpener Katie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the way modernist picture books reconceive three-dimensionality, and hence the book as object. Around 1900, a Europe-wide vogue for picture books (Gertrud Caspari, Andre Hellé) in which toys come to life overlapped with new enthusiasm for building block play (H. G. Wells and E. Nesbit advocate the construction of “little worlds”), toy-centered ballets, and the explorations of movement and perspective enabled by the advent first of cinema, and then of cubism. The essay also discusses 1920s and 1930s constructivist, cubist, and De Stijl picture books by Lou Loeber, Nathalie Parain, Alexander Rodchenko, and Varvara Stepanova in relationship to the emergence, in schools and art schools, of new art pedagogies centered on paper crafts, a new sense of the picture book itself as a template for future art-making, and of child readers as fledgling artists in their own right.
“Reading” The Book at Exhibitions of Contemporary Global Art
Authors: Sigrídur Arnar Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines sculptural bookworks in the arena of contemporary global art. This genre has presented critics with unique hermeneutic challenges because as sculptural objects or installation environments, they typically defy one of the fundamental features of the codex: sequentiality of pages and by extension, normative reading. By presenting several case studies from perennial international exhibitions such as documenta (in Kassel, Germany) and the Venice Biennale, I consider hybrid models of “reading” bookworks that acknowledge the inherently social nature of books as migratory objects, rather than as static artworks on display. As Leah Price demonstrates, books aren’t always read as texts, but rather as participants in rituals of social exchange that “broker or buffer” relations between people. Similarly, many contemporary artists define books as dynamic vehicles that circulate between varied audiences and historical contexts, thereby accumulating, dismantling, and generating multiple meanings, formats, and identities along the way.
In the Library
Authors: Frampton Stephanie Ann 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that the natural habitat of most books is not as solitary objects of contemplation and study, but as “social animals” on bookshelves, in store windows, and in the library. In seeking out this unfinished story about the character of books, we are led to consider their roles in human relationships. Turning to one of the most intimate moments in the ancient history of reading, where, in the opening of Cicero’s Topica, the author invites his friend Trebatius into his library, what unfolds is a story about the complex use of books in the negotiation of elite sociality at a moment of extreme political crisis following the death of Caesar. Like the best of books, Cicero’s text shows its reader what is unfinished about all of them: pointing her back to her fellow readers, to civic dialogue and learned friendship, and ultimately out of the library.
Institutional Forme
Authors: Knight Jeffrey Todd 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores prospects for a reenergized history of the book amid the recent turn to a capacious formalism in literary studies that encompasses the sociopolitical reverberations of “form” in the traditional, aesthetic sense. The chapter argues that a key opening for book historians is the new formalists’ emphasis on the organizing power of institutions, something that book history implicitly engages in the course of its work but that literary criticism too often ignores or treats with hostility. Rereading D. F. McKenzie’s paradigm-setting proposals for a research program in the history of the book and using as a case-study that most literary of institutions, the library, I advocate a turn away from the field’s particularist mantra, “forms effect meaning,” toward McKenzie’s forgotten parallel claim that a sociology of texts “alerts us to the roles of institutions, and their own complex structures, in affecting the forms of social discourse, past and present.”
An Indigenous Pipe Bibliography
Authors: Wigginton Caroline 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bibliographies help scholars find books, but are typically organized according to Eurocentric collection and publication practices. This essay explores the unfinished work of bibliography in finding Indigenous books by taking one subgenre—printed illustrations of Indigenous pipes from the seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth centuries—and considering methods and effects of various Native-centric enumerative strategies. Pipe illustrations are a suitable subject for new bibliographic methods because European print culture firmly associated America’s Indigenous peoples with tobacco and tobacco pipes, and they are prevalent in colonialist imagery. Illustrations document real and representative pipes, and they abound as either the principal subjects or essential elements of diplomatic, ethnographic, and similar images. Indigenous pipe illustrations provide a rich test case for a bibliographic experiment that helps produce new ideas about where books have been and are, and thereby shift our sense of the relationships between colonization, Indigenous agencies, and print technologies.
Books in Videogames
Authors: Hammond Adam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that books and videogames, frequently presented as rival media, have much to teach us about one another. It does so by analyzing representations of books in videogames, focusing on a pair of games, Myst and Gone Home, that present competing allegories. Myst has been read as allegorizing the printed book’s obsolescence and impending replacement by videogames, while Gone Home diminished its differences from printed forms, presenting itself in allegorical alliance with photocopied zines. Working through these allegories, this chapter argues that books and videogames resist these games’ attempts to collapse the two media into one or to position them as alternatives. Indeed, simulations of physical codices in videogames can help us to understand the differences between these two media as neither absolute nor trivial. By bringing into relief their respective materialities, in particular, these simulations reveal books and videogames as distinct but mutually illuminating.