bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined non‐intubated anaesthesia and paravertebral nerve block in comparison with intubated anaesthesia in children undergoing video‐assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Wei Wei , Fan Yanting , Liu Wei , Zhao Tianyun , Tian Hang , Xu Yingyi , Tan Yonghong , Song Xingrong , Ma Daqing 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThis study is to investigate if non‐intubated anaesthesia combined with paravertebral nerve block (PVNB) can enhance recovery in children undergoing video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).MethodsA randomized controlled trial including 60 patients aged 3 to 8 years old who underwent elective VATS was performed. They were randomly assigned to receive non‐intubated anaesthesia combined with PVNB or general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation (1:1 ratio). The primary outcome was the length of postoperative in‐hospital stay. The secondary outcomes included emergence time, the incidence of emergence delirium, time to first feeding, time to first out‐of‐bed activity, pain score and in‐hospital complications.ResultsThe non‐intubated group had shorter postoperative in‐hospital stay than the control group (4 days [IQR, 4‐6] vs 5 days [IQR, 5‐8], 95% CI 0‐2; P = .013). When compared to the control group, the incidence of emergence delirium (odds ratio [OR] 3.39, 95% CI 1.01‐11.41; P = .043), emergence time, duration in the PACU, time to first eating food, first out‐of‐bed activity, pain score and consumption of sufentanil (at 6 and 12 hours after surgery) were decreased in the intervention group. In contrast, the incidence of airway complications was higher in the control than the intervention group (27.6% vs 6.9%, P = .037). There was no statistical significance in the occurrence of PONV, pneumothorax and other complications between the two groups.ConclusionsNon‐intubated anaesthesia combined with PVNB enhances recovery in paediatric patients for video‐assisted thoracic surgery although further multi‐centre study is needed.
Is R(+)‐Baclofen the best option for the future of Baclofen in alcohol dependence pharmacotherapy? Insights from the preclinical side
Authors: Echeverry‐Alzate Victor , Jeanblanc Jérôme , Sauton Pierre , Bloch Vanessa , Labat Laurence , Soichot Marion , Vorspan Florence , Naassila Mickael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor several decades, studies conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RS(±)‐Baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence yielded contrasting results. Human and animal studies recently questioned the use of the racemic drug in patients since a potential important role of the different enantiomers has been revealed with an efficacy thought to reside with the active R(+)‐enantiomer. Here we conducted experiments in the postdependent rat model of alcohol dependence to compare the efficacy of R(+)‐Baclofen or S(−)‐Baclofen to that of RS(±)‐Baclofen on ethanol intake, seeking, and relapse. R(+)‐Baclofen was more effective than RS(±)‐Baclofen in reducing ethanol intake and seeking during acute withdrawal and during relapse after abstinence. We also used an original population approach in order to identify drug responders. We found a significant proportion of responders to S(−)‐Baclofen and RS(±)‐Baclofen, displaying an increase in ethanol intake, and this increasing effect on alcohol intake was not seen in the R(+)‐Baclofen group. At an intermediate dose of R(+)‐Baclofen, devoid of any motor side effects, we identified a very large proportion of responders (75%) with a large decrease in ethanol intake (90% decrease). Finally, the response to RS(±)‐Baclofen on ethanol intake was correlated to plasma level of Baclofen. R(+)‐Baclofen and RS(±)‐Baclofen were effective in reducing sucrose intake. Our study has important clinical implication since it suggests that the wide variability in the therapeutic responses of patients to RS(±)‐Baclofen may come from the sensitivity to the R(+)‐Baclofen but also to the one of the S(−)‐Baclofen that can promote an increase in ethanol intake.
Tumor‐Associated Macrophages (TAM) are recruited to the aging prostate epithelial lesions and become intermingled with basal cells
Authors: Werneck‐Gomes Hipácia , Campolina‐Silva Gabriel H. , Maria Bruna T. , Barata Maria C. , Mahecha Germán A. B. , Hess Rex A. , Oliveira Cleida A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer remains one of the most common cancers in men. Macrophages are thought to be important regulators in cancers, and their potential involvement in prostate cancer should not be overlooked. Therefore, the association between macrophages and the pre‐tumorous changes in prostate epithelium during aging deserves further investigation.ObjectivesWe sought to investigate whether macrophages would be recruited into the prostate epithelium that display pathological lesions commonly found during aging.Materials and methodsProstates of aging rats, with and without treatment with a combination of testosterone and estradiol, were examined for premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions. For comparison, prostates of castrated rats were also investigated.ResultsIntraepithelial macrophages were found restricted to areas of premalignant and malignant lesions. An unprecedented interaction between macrophages and basal cells was observed in the aging pathological lesions. The intraepithelial macrophages were associated with autophagy, in contrast to those found after castration. In prostate lesions, the intraepithelial macrophages had TAM phenotype (CD68+/iNOS+/CD206+/ARG+), denoting a possible involvement in cancer progression. However, M2 macrophages (CD68+/CD163+) were recruited into the epithelium after castration, possibly to phagocytize cells undergoing apoptosis.Discussion and conclusionIn conclusion, macrophages were recruited into the prostate epithelium and presented diverse phenotypes and morphology, consistent with changes reflected in the hormonal environment. Macrophages with the TAM phenotype were found restricted to areas of premalignant and malignant lesions in aging prostates, denoting a possible involvement in cancer progression. In contrast, M2 macrophages were found in the regressed epithelium after castration.
In the rat pancreas, somatostatin tonically inhibits glucagon secretion and is required for glucose‐induced inhibition of glucagon secretion
Authors: Xu Stella F. S. , Andersen Daniel B. , Izarzugaza Jose M. G. , Kuhre Rune E. , Holst Jens J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimIt is debated whether the inhibition of glucagon secretion by glucose results from direct effects of glucose on the α‐cell (intrinsic regulation) or by paracrine effects exerted by beta‐ or delta‐cell products.MethodsTo study this in a more physiological model than isolated islets, we perfused isolated rat pancreases and measured glucagon, insulin and somatostatin secretion in response to graded increases in perfusate glucose concentration (from 3.5 to 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 mmol/L) as well as glucagon responses to blockage/activation of insulin/GABA/somatostatin signalling with or without addition of glucose.ResultsGlucagon secretion was reduced by about 50% (compared to baseline secretion at 3.5 mmol/L) within minutes after increasing glucose from 4 to 5 mmol/L (P < .01, n = 13). Insulin secretion was increased minimally, but significantly, compared to baseline (3.5 mmol/L) at 4 mmol/L, whereas somatostatin secretion was not significantly increased from baseline until 7 mmol/L. Hereafter secretion of both increased gradually up to 12 mmol/L glucose. Neither recombinant insulin (1 µmol/L), GABA (300 µmol/L) or the insulin‐receptor antagonist S961 (at 1 µmol/L) affected basal (3.5 mmol/L) or glucose‐induced (5.0 mmol/L) attenuation of glucagon secretion (n = 7‐8). Somatostatin‐14 attenuated glucagon secretion by ~ 95%, and blockage of somatostatin‐receptor (SSTR)‐2 or combined blockage of SSTR‐2, −3 and −5 by specific antagonists increased glucagon output (at 3.5 mmol/L glucose) and prevented glucose‐induced (from 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L) suppression of secretion.ConclusionSomatostatin is a powerful and tonic inhibitor of glucagon secretion from the rat pancreas and is required for glucose to inhibit glucagon secretion.
Alien flora across European coastal dunes
Authors: Giulio Silvia , Acosta Alicia Teresa Rosario , Carboni Marta , Campos Juan Antonio , Chytrý Milan , Loidi Javier , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Isermann Maike , Janssen John A. M. , Rodwell John S. , Schaminée Joop H. J. , Marcenò Corrado 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQuestionsThe spread of alien plant species is one of the main threats to the biodiversity of different natural habitats, and coastal dune habitats are among the most affected. There is a considerable local and regional variation in the level of alien plant invasion on coastal dunes. We asked what are the patterns of invasion across European coastal dunes and how they depend on habitat types and coastal regions.LocationAtlantic, Baltic, Black Sea and Mediterranean coasts of Europe.MethodsWe used vegetation‐plot records from shifting dunes and stable dune grasslands extracted from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA). We quantified richness, frequency and distribution of alien plant (neophyte) species across dune habitats and coastal regions. We also explored the donor habitats and invasion trajectories of these species.ResultsIn the flora of European coastal dunes, 7% of species were neophytes, for two‐thirds originating from outside of Europe and mostly naturalised and ruderal. Shifting and stable dunes were similar in neophyte species composition, but there were more individual occurrences of neophytes in shifting dunes. The neophyte flora composition differed considerably between the Atlantic, Baltic, Black Sea and Mediterranean regions. The highest number of neophyte species was observed on the Atlantic dunes, while the highest number of neophyte occurrences was on the Black Sea dunes. Most of the neophytes originated from North America and the Mediterranean‐Turanian region. Erigeron canadensis, Xanthium orientale, Oenothera biennis and Oenothera oakesiana were the most common neophytes.ConclusionsWe provided a comprehensive assessment of alien plant invasions in the coastal dunes across Europe and highlighted that coastal dunes should be in the focus of European invasion management strategies.
Early pathways to bullying: A prospective longitudinal study examining the influences of theory of mind and social preference on bullying behaviour during the first 3 years of school
Authors: Fink Elian , de Rosnay Marc , Patalay Praveetha , Hunt Caroline 
Published: March 2020

Research has focused on the role of theory of mind (ToM) for positive social behaviour, while the association between ToM and negative social behaviours is less well understood. This longitudinal study compares two mediation models examining the role of ToM and peer‐rated social preference at ages 5 and 6 for bullying at age 7. Participants were 114 children (58 boys,Mage = 67 months) at entry to primary school (T1). At Time 2 (T2), 106 children and, at Time 3 (T3), 96 children remained. Teacher‐rated externalizing problems and children’s language ability were controlled at T1. Poor ToM was found to indirectly predict later bullying via poor social preference, while for boys only, greater earlier ToM directly predicted greater bullying 2 years later. These results suggest that there are different pathways to bullying via ToM and social preference,which has implications for interventions to prevent the development of bullying behaviour.
Overall survival, disease‐specific survival and local recurrence outcomes in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy: a systematic review
Authors: Mannion Liam , Bosco Cecilia , Nair Rajesh , Mullassery Vinod , Enting Deborah , Jones Emma‐Louise , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Hughes Simon 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard radical management for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, major pelvic surgery is not suitable for all patients and combined modality therapy (CMT) offers an alternative for patients who want to retain their bladder. Brachytherapy (BT), as part of CMT, has been offered in selective cases of bladder cancer.ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of BT for solitary urinary bladder tumours in terms of survival, local recurrence (LR) rates, and adverse events.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using defined search terms using online databases. Articles that discussed the use of BT as part of multi‐modality treatments for MIBC were included.ResultsSearches returned 112 articles of which 20 were deemed suitable for analysis. In all, 15 of the 20 articles reported overall survival (OS) at 5 years, 2747 patients were at risk and 1670 were alive after 5 years (60%): seven studies reported OS at 10 years, with 817 patients at risk and 350 alive at 10 years (42%). Disease‐specific survival at 5 years was reported in four studies, with 371 patients at risk and 279 alive (75%) at 5 years. LR rates were reported across all 20 studies and ranged from 0% to 32%.ConclusionBrachytherapy as part of CMT for MIBC is not a standard technique. It is an effective treatment in experienced centres for a selected patient population who wish to preserve their bladder. In such patients, CMT‐BT is well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile.
A randomized, open‐label, active comparator trial assessing the effects of 26 weeks of liraglutide or sitagliptin on cardiovascular function in young obese adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Webb David R. , Htike Zin Zin , Swarbrick Daniel J. , Brady Emer M. , Gray Laura J. , Biglands John , Gulsin Gaurav S. , Henson Joseph , Khunti Kamlesh , McCann Gerry P. , Waller Helen L. , Webb M'Balu A. , Sargeant Jack A. , Yates Thomas , Zaccardi Francesco , Davies Melanie J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the effects of a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist and a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor on magnetic resonance imaging‐derived measures of cardiovascular function.Materials and methodsIn a prospective, randomized, open‐label, blinded endpoint trial liraglutide (1.8 mg) and sitagliptin (100 mg) were compared in asymptomatic, non‐insulin treated young (aged 18‐50 years) adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was difference in circumferential peak early diastolic strain rate change (PEDSR), a biomarker of cardiac diastolic dysfunction 26 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes included other indices of cardiac structure and function, HbA1c and body weight.ResultsSeventy‐six participants were randomized (54% female, mean ± SD age 44 ± 6 years, diabetes duration 4.4 years, body mass index 35.3 ± 6.1 kg m−2), of whom 65% had ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor. Sixty‐one participants had primary outcome data available. There were no statistically significant between‐group differences (intention‐to‐treat; mean [95% confidence interval]) in PEDSR change (−0.01 [−0.07, +0.06] s−1), left ventricular ejection fraction (−1.98 [−4.90, +0.94]%), left ventricular mass (+1.14 [−5.23, +7.50] g) or aortic distensibility (−0.35 [−0.98, +0.28] mmHg−1 × 10−3) after 26 weeks. Reductions in HbA1c (−4.57 [−9.10, −0.37] mmol mol−1) and body weight (−3.88 [−5.74, −2.01] kg) were greater with liraglutide.ConclusionThere were no differences in cardiovascular structure or function after short‐term use of liraglutide and sitagliptin in younger adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Longer studies in patients with more severe cardiac dysfunction may be necessary before definitive conclusions can be made about putative pleiotropic properties of incretin‐based therapies.
Teaching of dental implantology to undergraduate dental students: The Nigerian experience
Authors: Enabulele Joan E. , Omo Julie O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionDental implantology is an increasingly contemporary integral and important component of the practice of dentistry. This study assessed the level of teaching of dental implantology to dental undergraduates in Nigeria.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study involving the use of a self‐administered questionnaire consisting of five sections developed for this study. It was sent via e‐mail to a dental faculty in charge of and involved in the teaching of dental implantology in all 10 dental schools (five old generation and five new generation) in Nigeria.ResultsEight of the 10 schools teach implant dentistry and utilised didactic lectures as mode of teaching. Simulations were used in only 1 (12.5%) of the schools whilst clinical demonstration was reported by 2 (25.0%) of the schools. Only 2 (25.0%) of the schools allowed students to experience direct patient care with no school expecting students to provide implant treatment. Almost all schools 9 (90.0%) identified insufficient resources and lack of dental industry support as barriers to effective teaching of implant dentistry. All the dental schools had plans to improve teaching of implant dentistry.ConclusionTeaching of dental implantology in Nigeria is mainly theoretical with no clinical competence assigned. A situation which is unsatisfactory as all Nigerian dental schools have plans both in the short term and long term to improve on the teaching of implant dentistry. There is need for industry support as well as improved and effective training of dental faculty in implant dentistry in Nigeria.
Pharmacokinetics and anti‐inflammatory effects of flunixin meglumine as a sole agent and in combination with phenylbutazone in exercised Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Arthur Rick M. , McKemie Daniel S. , Baden Russell W. , Seminoff Kelsey , Kass Philip H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundFlunixin meglumine (FM) and phenylbutazone (PBZ) are potent anti‐inflammatory agents and as such their potential to mask injuries that would otherwise keep a horse from training or racing is concerning. A common practice in racetrack medicine in the USA is to administer the two drugs within close proximity (24 hours apart) of each other, raising the concern of pharmacokinetic interactions and enhanced anti‐inflammatory effects.ObjectivesDescribe the pharmacokinetics and effects of PBZ on the clearance of FM when administered in close proximity as well as effects on inflammatory mediators.Study designTwo‐way randomised balanced crossover experiment.MethodsTwelve Thoroughbred exercised horses received 500 mg FM IV alone or in combination with 2 g of IV PBZ 24 hours later. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to and for up to 120 hours post‐drug administration. Whole blood samples were collected at various times and challenged with lipopolysaccharide or calcium ionophore to induce ex vivo synthesis of eicosanoids. Concentrations of FM, PBZ and eicosanoids were measured using LC‐MS/MS and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis performed on concentration data.ResultsFlunixin meglumine clearance was significantly increased when horses received PBZ 24 hours post‐administration (P = .03). No other differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were noted between groups. Thromboxane B2was significantly suppressed, relative to baseline for 96 hours post‐FM administration. Subsequent administration of PBZ prolonged the suppression. Prostaglandin E2 was decreased for 24 hours following administration of FM with subsequent administration of PBZ prolonging the suppression until 120 hours. PGF2alphaconcentrations were decreased for up to 168 hours post‐FM administration. FM administration significantly decreased 15‐HETE.Main limitationsSmall sample size and lack of a phenylbutazone‐only treatment group.ConclusionsAdministration of PBZ post‐FM administration increased FM clearance. The anti‐inflammatory effects of FM appear to be prolonged when PBZ is administered 24 hours post‐administration.
Global response patterns of plant photosynthesis to nitrogen addition: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liang Xingyun , Zhang Tong , Lu Xiankai , Ellsworth David S. , BassiriRad Hormoz , You Chengming , Wang Dong , He Pengcheng , Deng Qi , Liu Hui , Mo Jiangming , Ye Qing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA mechanistic understanding of plant photosynthetic response is needed to reliably predict changes in terrestrial carbon (C) gain under conditions of chronically elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, using 2,683 observations from 240 journal articles, we conducted a global meta‐analysis to reveal effects of N addition on 14 photosynthesis‐related traits and affecting moderators. We found that across 320 terrestrial plant species, leaf N was enhanced comparably on mass basis (Nmass, +18.4%) and area basis (Narea, +14.3%), with no changes in specific leaf area or leaf mass per area. Total leaf area (TLA) was increased significantly, as indicated by the increases in total leaf biomass (+46.5%), leaf area per plant (+29.7%), and leaf area index (LAI, +24.4%). To a lesser extent than for TLA, N addition significantly enhanced leaf photosynthetic rate per area (Aarea, +12.6%), stomatal conductance (gs, +7.5%), and transpiration rate (E, +10.5%). The responses of Aarea were positively related with that of gs, with no changes in instantaneous water‐use efficiency and only slight increases in long‐term water‐use efficiency (+2.5%) inferred from 13C composition. The responses of traits depended on biological, experimental, and environmental moderators. As experimental duration and N load increased, the responses of LAI and Aarea diminished while that of E increased significantly. The observed patterns of increases in both TLA and E indicate that N deposition will increase the amount of water used by plants. Taken together, N deposition will enhance gross photosynthetic C gain of the terrestrial plants while increasing their water loss to the atmosphere, but the effects on C gain might diminish over time and that on plant water use would be amplified if N deposition persists.
Effect of peer support intervention on diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kong Ling‐Na , Hu Ping , Zhao Qing‐Hua , Yao Hai‐Yan , Chen Shuo‐Zhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the effect of peer support intervention on diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes.BackgroundDiabetes distress may be decreased by peer support intervention, but findings about the effect of peer support on diabetes distress have been mixed.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from inception to 30 June 2018.Review methodsInvestigators assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for pooled effect size.ResultsA total of 13 studies included in systematic review and 10 in meta‐analysis. In the random‐effects model, the pooled effect size showed current peer support intervention did not significantly reduce diabetes distress in type 2 diabetes population compared with usual care.ConclusionHigh quality and well‐designed studies targeting at reducing diabetes distress are needed to further test the effect of peer support intervention on diabetes distress.