bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquiring the Practice Sensibility
Authors: Trowler Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter tells the reader why they should read the book and explains its purposes and underlying principles. It outlines the purpose of developing a practice sensibility and elaborates on the concept, giving examples from higher education and elsewhere. It also sets out the structure of the book and describes each chapter’s contents. The opening chapters refresh the idea of teaching and learning regimes (TLRs) and discuss the ways in which they can be investigated; the ethnographic approach is explored and a case is made for a more practice-focused methodology.
Teaching and Learning Regimes
Authors: Trowler Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
weThe central purpose of Chapter 2 is to refresh, finesse, and make more sophisticated the idea of teaching and learning regimes (TLRs) in higher education which I first developed in 2002, and which was subsequently deployed globally by higher education researchers and practitioners. Underlying the development of understanding TLRs in universities is social practice theory, which concentrates on recurrent behaviours in group contexts and the ways these are underpinned by tacit theories and sets of assumptions, meanings, and emotional responses. This is elaborated with a particular focus on issues around change processes.
Teaching and Learning Regimes
Authors: Trowler Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 unpicks the different moments of teaching and learning regimes, illustrating them through two case studies. One concerns a merged university in South Africa dealing with difficult issues around merging disciplines and curricula in a context of continuing structured disadvantage. The second centres on a Danish university in which discourses were shifting in line with an increasingly dominant neo-liberal ideology permeating national policy-making. As well as illustrating the different moments of teaching and learning regimes in transition, these case studies are used to enrich the depiction of social practices as both bundled and nested. This is very significant both conceptually and for understanding and enacting change processes.
Disciplines and the Generation of Teaching and Learning Regimes
Authors: Trowler Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter develops a theoretical understanding of how teaching and learning regimes come about—their genesis and their evolution. It begins with a discussion of the power of disciplines in conditioning practices in university departments, a strong theme in the literature. While disciplinary differences are often important in conditioning local cultures, other factors are also at play. The genesis of teaching and learning regimes is multi-causal, dynamic, contextually contingent, and conditioned by history and its selective deployment. These characteristics are illustrated through vignettes and case studies. This chapter sets the scene for the one which follows.
The Practice Sensibility and the Challenges of Change
Authors: Trowler Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 sets out synoptically the conceptual, analytical, and theoretical contribution of the book. Readers who want a concise summary of the theoretical position set out here can turn to the first few pages of this chapter. The contribution to research and for professional action is summarized, and some suggestions for research with a practice sensibility are offered. The chapter shows how the characteristics and functions of theory in general are specifically addressed in the approach taken here. It summarizes what this approach offers and outlines the areas that need supplementary theories and designs—those less amenable to the social practice approach.
The Basic Structure
Authors: Smith Stephen A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 sets out a framework and associated terminology for expressing how private law orders differ from other legal phenomena, and how they differ from one another. In developing this framework, Chapter 4 also provides a preview of the book’s main conclusions. The framework is organised around three questions: (1) How are remedies related to other parts of the law? (2) On what grounds are remedies issued; and (3) What kinds of remedies are issued? In responding to these questions, the framework distinguishes, respectively, between; (1) substantive rights, action rights, court-ordered rights, and enforcement rights; (2) right-threats, wrongs, and injustices; and (3) replicative orders and creative orders, and as subcategories of creative orders, substitutionary orders, wrong-responding orders, and free-standing orders. Substantively, the framework expresses two of the book’s main themes. First, while court orders are connected in important ways to substantive rules and sanctions, they are, in the end, qualitatively different from both. Second, the relationship between court orders and rule-based (‘substantive’) rights is complex: although some orders replicate existing substantive duties, others create new duties-and they do this in different ways and for different reasons.
Philosophical Foundations
Authors: Smith Stephen A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Enacting rules is an obvious way for authorities to guide behaviour and set standards for large numbers of people. Imposing sanctions, in turn, is an obvious way to help ensure compliance with rules. The role of judicial orders (remedies) is less obvious. What is the point of ordering defendants to do things when the law has, or could have, rules that tell individuals to do the same things and sanctions that it can impose when rules fail to motivate? Chapter 5 explores this question. It argues that judicial orders provide distinctive reasons to perform the actions they stipulate, reasons that differ in kind from those provided by either rules or sanctions. Like duty-imposing rules—but unlike sanctions—orders purport to give rise to duties to perform the actions they describe. However, the explanation of how such duties arise differs as between rules and orders. Duty-imposing rules are propositions about, and constitutive of, the existence of duties. When courts assert such rules, they presume ‘declarative authority’—the authority to declare that, by virtue of the assertion (or ‘declaration’), something is the case, here that a certain duty exists. In contrast, orders are imperative statements: they command the performance of particular actions. Insofar as orders give rise to duties to perform the actions they stipulate, they do so indirectly, by virtue of a presumed general duty to obey orders. In presuming this general duty, the law invokes ‘directive authority’—the authority to command obedience. Because these forms of authority are different, orders can provide new reasons to do things that rules already require and, as well, reasons to do things that are not a proper subject matter for rules.
Poverty and Inequality
Authors: Jha Raghbendra , Sharma Anurag 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Raghabendra Jha and Anurag Sharma point out despite twenty years of accelerated growth, the persistence of mass poverty, perceived rising inequality, and their spatial variation cause disquiet. The accuracy of yardsticks that show improvement is questioned. Adequacy of nutrition, the traditional rationale for the poverty line, has not recorded impressive gains. The best means of lowering poverty, which reforms have not achieved, is to create mass scale jobs for poor and unskilled workers. The chapter advances suggestions for this and for better targeting of anti-poverty interventions. Aadhaar-based direct benefit transfers and attempts to expand low-skilled manufacturing in India are therefore hopeful signs.
Promoting Special Economic Zones as a Strategy of Industrialization and Lessons Learned
Authors: Aggarwal Aradhna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aradhna Aggarwal in examining the formation and evolution of SEZ policy and its contribution to Indian industrialization over different phases draws lessons for new policies. Contextual solutions require experimentation, but continuity of government support over the political cycles is also essential. Commercial sustainability with some legal backing may be the way for policy consistency, making special initiatives independent of the government. To the extent special concessions are given, some sunset clause, or else use of competition, and appropriate regulation to prevent rent-seeking, would be required. Tax concessions could be reduced as other constraints ease. A CAG report that highlighted the large tax losses, and the large percentage of unutilized land in SEZs, points to the necessity of both proper design and implementation. But a blind anti-industry position is counterproductive when employment generation is the way to reduce poverty. Strategic vision and dynamic learning must combine with a political will to implement.
India and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Authors: Nachiappan Karthik 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, I chronicle how India negotiates the FCTC by mapping how the globalization of tobacco in the 1980s and 1990s shaped India’s interests vis-à-vis multilateral tobacco control, how the key domestic institution, MOHFW, grappled with India’s tobacco use problem, which was itself the legacy of tobacco going global, and sought to address it through COTPA and how their intent for tougher tobacco rules, with support from interest groups advocating tougher tobacco control, shaped India’s approach at FCTC negotiations and ratification.
India and the Framework Convention on Climate Change
Authors: Nachiappan Karthik 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, I outline how India negotiates the FCCC by unpacking how the international debates around global warming in the 1980s and its possible redress influenced India’s interests vis-à-vis climate change, privileging views that prioritized development, not climate, how two key institutions— MEA and MOEF wrestled with whether and how India was experiencing climate change and how their perspectives on global warming were informed and reinforced by two interest groups—TERI and CSE who worked with MEA and MOEF officials to sharpen India’s defensive climate strategy at UNFCCC negotiations and ratification thereafter.
Introduction
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The historical specificity of how patriarchy was interpreted and the ways in which social position and gender interacted to shape an elite marital relationship are the focus of this study of Isabella d’Este and Francesco Gonzaga. The pair’s agile improvisations in relation to masculine and feminine identities and to the division of work, were usually prompted by the diplomatic dilemmas they faced. Inevitably such experiments prompted uncertainty and sometimes sharp discord, as they struggled to work out a modus vivendi in a rapidly changing and perilous political environment. In analysing how this marriage was inhabited emotionally, alongside how it operated politically, the book aims to uncover the intricate intertwining of the private and public in a marriage that had to succeed on both levels.
The Crafting of Identity and the Division of Political Labour
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of gender as a category of historical analysis has prompted historians to rethink the modalities of politics during the Renaissance period. While women were rarely rulers in their own right, they sometimes exercised a political authority drawn from cultural influence, or directly assigned to their person by virtue of deputizing for absent husbands. This chapter explores the extent to which the political collaboration of Isabella d’Este and Francesco Gonzaga emulated precedents established by their parents and grandparents. The ways in which Isabella exploited gender tropes, or submitted to them, is considered alongside Francesco Gonzaga’s projection of a virile masculine identity, through an analysis of how the pair used art and other forms of cultural patronage to shape their respective identities and political qualities.
Conclusion
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Isabella d’Este and Francesco Gonzaga together navigated the highs and many lows of the first conflicts of the Italian Wars, their cooperation underpinned by a mutual devotion to their children and concern for the future of the Gonzaga regime. But this study has shown that it was difficult to agree about the terms of that collaboration, a situation that the richly nuanced sources permit us to understand within the terms of premodernity. The couple’s acrimonious epistolary negotiations during the last years of their union over the extent to which the conventional marital hierarchy should be observed provide evidence of the powerful influence of gendered norms, but also of how prescriptive social rules might at times be modified or ignored by individuals when pragmatic issues overtook ideology.
The Federal Case for Women’s Suffrage
Authors: Aronson Amy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In 1911, following the loss of her mother, Crystal Eastman married Wallace “Bennie” Benedict and moved to his home state of Wisconsin. Unable to find work as a lawyer, she accepted a job as campaign manager for the state’s suffrage drive. After a vicious battle, including opposition from the powerful brewing industry and elected officials, the measure lost two to one. Eastman returned to the Village in 1913, with Bennie in tow. He would soon initiate an affair, inciting a divorce that was finalized in 1916. Meanwhile, Eastman had united with Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, organizing the younger, more confrontational suffrage women to found the militant wing of the suffrage movement that became the National Woman’s Party. The group’s actions inside and outside the US Congress, including spectacular demonstrations and White House picketing to target the “party in power”—Woodrow Wilson and the Democrats—would finally leverage votes for women.
Characterizing ‘Civil Unrest’ within Public Health: Implications for Public Health Research and Practice
Authors: DiStefano Michael J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Following the death on April 19, 2015 of Freddie Gray from injuries sustained while unarmed and in police custody, many citizens of Baltimore took to the streets and the National Guard was called into the city. A 2017 article published in the American Journal of Public Health measured the effect of this civil unrest on maternal and child health. I argue that this research does not acknowledge the full range of motivations, behaviors, aims and values that may have been inherent in this unrest. I first describe the article’s characterization of Baltimore’s unrest as community violence. I then provide a negative argument against employing this characterization alone, before providing positive arguments for two alternative characterizations—as protest and apt anger. Finally, I discuss upshots of considering these alternatives. Broadly, while viewing civil unrest as community violence focuses exclusive attention on victims of unrest, these alternatives direct attention to unrest participants, with implications for public health research and practice. While I focus on Baltimore’s 2015 unrest, the proposals raised here apply wherever civil unrest occurs.
Fecundity and early life of the deep-water jellyfish Periphylla periphylla
Authors: BÅMSTEDT U L F , SÖtje Ilka , Tiemann Henry , Martinussen Monica Bente 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Comparisons over 6 years of three Norwegian fjord populations of the deep-water scyphomedusa Periphylla periphylla are presented. A minor part of the population in Lurefjord is migrating to the surface during night, which benefits mating encounters by increasing abundance per unit volume and decreasing the distance between individuals. Simulations using a typical water-column density profile and Stoke’s law show that fertilized eggs released in the surface quickly reach a depth where light is insufficient for visual predators. Consequently, the distribution of the smallest juveniles was strongly skewed towards higher depths in all three fjords studied. Mature females in Sognefjord were 4–5 times less abundant than in Lurefjord and Halsafjord, but due to a larger size and strong exponential relationship between size and number of mature oocytes, the potential recruitment rate as recruits m−2 year−1 was not much different from the other two fjords. Nevertheless, the observed number of small (&lt;1 cm) juveniles was 18–31 times higher in Sognefjord than in the other two fjords, and it is assumed that the deeper habitat (up to 1300 m) compared to the other fjords (up to 440 and 530 m) is a superior habitat for the early development of P. periphylla.
Diagnostic capability of contrast-enhanced pelvic girdle magnetic resonance imaging in polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Fruth Martin , Seggewiss Annika , Kozik Jessica , Martin-Seidel Philipp , Baraliakos Xenofon , Braun Juergen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
There is currently no diagnostic test for PMR. A characteristic pattern of extracapsular inflammation as assessed by contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI) has recently been described in the pelvis of patients with PMR. We aimed to evaluate the performance of inflammatory ceMRI signals at predefined pelvic sites as a diagnostic test for PMR.

Methods
Pelvic MRI scans of patients with pelvic girdle pain (n = 120), including 40 patients with an expert diagnosis of PMR and 80 controls with other reasons for pelvic pain were scored by three blinded radiologists, who evaluated the degree of contrast enhancement at 19 predefined tendinous and capsular pelvic structures. Different patterns of involvement were analysed statistically.

Results
The frequency of bilateral peritendinitis and pericapsulitis including less common sites, such as the proximal origins of the m. rectus femoris and m. adductor longus, differed significantly between PMR cases and controls: 13.4 ± 2.7 vs 4.0 ± 2.3. A cut-off of ≥10 inflamed sites discriminated well between groups (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 97.1%). Bilateral inflammation of the insertion of the proximal m. rectus femoris or adductor longus tendons together with ≥3 other bilaterally inflamed sites performed even better (sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.5%).

Conclusion
This study confirms that a distinctive MRI pattern of pelvic inflammation (bilateral peritendinitis and pericapsulitis and the proximal origins of the m. rectus femoris and m. adductor longus) is characteristic for PMR. The high sensitivity and specificity of the set of anatomical sites evaluated suggests their clinical usefulness as a confirmatory diagnostic test.
Validation of the new classification criteria for hereditary recurrent fever in an independent cohort: experience from the JIR Cohort Database
Authors: Dingulu Glory , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie , Koné-Paut Isabelle , Pillet Pascal , Pagnier Anne , Merlin Etienne , Kaiser Daniela , Belot Alexandre , Hofer Michael , Hentgen Véronique 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe new classification criteria for the hereditary recurrent fever (HRF) syndrome [cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), TNF-α receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), FMF and mevalonate kinase deficiency] have been published recently. These criteria define two core sets of criteria for each HRF: mixed criteria, including genetic and clinical variables, and clinical criteria, relying on clinical variables only. Our aim was to validate the criteria for HRF in an independent cohort, the JIR Cohort database, an international repository of systemic inflammatory diseases.MethodsWe enrolled patients with HRF, periodic fever, adenitis, pharyngitis and aphthous stomatitis syndrome (PFAPA) and syndrome of undefined recurrent fever (SURF). A score ranging from zero to two was attributed to their respective genotypes: zero (no mutation), one (non-confirmatory genotype) or two (confirmatory genotype). The criteria were applied to all patients based on genotype scoring. The treating physician’s diagnosis served as the gold standard for the determination of specificity.ResultsWe included 455 patients. The classification criteria showed excellent specificity for CAPS and TRAPS (98% specificity each), fair specificity for FMF (88%), but poor specificity for mevalonate kinase deficiency (58%). Sub-analysis showed excellent accuracy of the mixed criteria for all four HRFs. Misclassification was mainly attributable to clinical criteria sets, with false-positive patients in all four HRF clinical criteria sets.ConclusionThis study represents the final validation step of the HRF classification criteria as recommended by the ACR. Genetic data appear to be necessary to classify patients with HRF correctly.
Affiliative bonding between teachers and students through interpersonal synchronisation in brain activity
Authors: Zheng Lifen , Liu Wenda , Long Yuhang , Zhai Yu , Zhao Hui , Bai Xialu , Zhou Siyuan , Li Kanyu , Zhang Huan , Liu Li , Guo Taomei , Ding Guosheng , Lu Chunming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Human beings organise socially. Theories have posited that interpersonal neural synchronisation might underlie the creation of affiliative bonds. Previous studies tested this hypothesis mainly during a social interaction, making it difficult to determine whether the identified synchronisation is associated with affiliative bonding or with social interaction. This study addressed this issue by focusing on the teacher–student relationship in the resting state both before and after a teaching period. Brain activity was simultaneously measured in both individuals using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results showed a significant increase in brain synchronisation at the right sensorimotor cortex between the teacher and student in the resting state after, but not before, the teaching period. Moreover, the synchronisation increased only after a turn-taking mode of teaching but not after a lecturing or video mode of teaching. A chain mediation analysis showed that brain synchronisation during teaching partially mediated the relationship between the brain synchronisation increase in the resting state and strength of the affiliative bond. Finally, both role assignment and social interaction were found to be required for affiliative bonding. Together, these results support the hypothesis that interpersonal synchronisation in brain activity underlies affiliative bonding and that social interaction mechanically mediates the bonding process.
Myriad post-Myriad
Authors: Ghosh Shubha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The US Supreme Court’s 2013 decision, holding patent claims to isolated, endogenous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences to be invalid, seemed to have limited negative impact on Myriad Genetics whose patent on the isolated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were at the heart of the case. This article explains this minimal impact in two ways. First, the Court’s decision still left synthetic DNA patentable, leaving that as a fruitful source for commercialization by companies like Myriad. The Federal Circuit’s subsequent decision, however, invalidated Myriad’s product claims over the synthetic polymerase chain reaction primers based on the isolated DNA sequences. Second, the Court’s decision did not address the patentability of mined genetic data for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This field of genetic data mining is precisely where Myriad has moved in its patenting activity.