bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volcanic and marine stratigraphy along the El Álamo Canyon, Santa Rosalía Basin, Baja California Sur
Authors: Osorio-Ocampo Susana , García-Sánchez Laura , Marcela Lira-Beltrán Reyna , Macías* José Luis , Pola Antonio , Avellán Denis Ramón , Ocampo-Díaz Yam Zul Ernesto , Groppelli Gianluca , Sulpizio Roberto , García-Tenorio Felipe , González-Barba Gerardo , Sosa-Ceballos Giovanni 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This field trip highlights evidence of late Pliocene–early Pleistocene submarine and subaerial volcanism coeval with marine and marginal-marine sedimentation in the Santa Rosalía Basin in Baja California. The best exposures of these rocks occur at the El Álamo Canyon, which exhibits outcrops of the Tirabuzón and Infierno formations interbedded with submarine and subaerial volcanic and volcaniclastic deposits that are covered by the subaerial ignimbrites of Reforma and Aguajito calderas. Extensive field mapping and stratigraphy carried out in this canyon, aided with 40Ar/39Ar, and U-Pb geochronology, allowed us to divide the stratigraphy into three main sequences that, from base to top, are: (1) Santa Rosalía succession, (2) the Reforma caldera complex, and (3) El Aguajito caldera. This refined stratigraphy indicates that eight episodes of volcanism occurred between 2.5 and 1.36 Ma, during marine sedimentation in an internal continental shelf and in estuaries, coastal lagoons, or protected bays as supported by the fossil record. This sedimentary and volcanic interbedding suggests transgressions and regressions of the sea level, as well as tectonic uplifting. After the inception of volcanism in the Reforma caldera complex (1.29 Ma), the area emerged from these shallow seas followed by the formation of the Aguajito caldera (1.1 Ma), and then later on by the Tres Vírgenes volcanic complex (0.3 Ma). The last complex erupted a lava flow ca. 22 ka that so far stands as the youngest activity in the region. The magmatic evolution in the region is characterized by post-subduction calc-alkaline magmatism. Such magmatism is expressed as pure calc-alkaline rocks from El Aguajito–Reforma calderas, and as hybrid transitional magmas formed by adakitic rocks from the Tres Vírgenes volcanic complex.
Tectonic development of the Colorado Plateau Transition Zone, central Arizona: Insights from lower lithosphere xenoliths and volcanic host rocks
Authors: Chapman* Alan D. , Riggs Nancy , Ducea Mihai N. , Saleeby Jason B. , Rautela Ojashvi , Shields Jessie 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
A growing body of evidence suggests that continental arc lower crust and underlying mantle wedge assemblages native to the Mojave Desert (i.e., the southern California batholith) were displaced eastward during Laramide shallow-angle subduction, and reattached to the base of the Colorado Plateau Transition Zone (central Arizona) and farther inboard. On this field trip, we highlight two xenolith localities from the Transition Zone (Camp Creek and Chino Valley) that likely contain remnants of the missing Mojave lithosphere. At these localities, nodules of garnet clinopyroxenite, the dominant xenolith type at both studied localities, yield low jadeite components in clinopyroxene, chemically homogeneous “type-B” garnet, and peak conditions of equilibration at 600–900 °C and 9–28 kbar. These relations strongly suggest a continental arc residue (“arclogite”), rather than a lower-plate subduction (“eclogite”), origin. Zircon grains extracted from these nodules yield a bimodal age distribution with peaks at ca. 75 and 150 Ma, overlapping southern California batholith pluton ages, and suggesting a consanguineous relationship. In contrast, Mesozoic and early Cenozoic igneous rocks native to SW Arizona, with age peaks at ca. 60 and 170 Ma, do not provide as close a match. In light of these results, we suggest that Transition Zone xenoliths: (1) began forming in Late Jurassic time as a mafic keel to continental arc magmas emplaced into the Mojave Desert and associated with eastward subduction of the Farallon plate; (2) experienced a second ca. 80–70 Ma pulse of growth associated with increased magmatism in the southern California batholith; (3) were transported ~500 km eastward along the leading edge of the shallowly subducting Farallon plate; and (4) were reaffixed to the base of the crust at the new location, in central Arizona. Cenozoic zircon U-Pb, garnet-whole rock Sm-Nd, and titanite U-Pb ages suggest that displaced arclogite remained at elevated temperature (&gt;700 °C) for 10s of m.y., following its dispersal, and until late Oligocene entrainment in host latite. The lack of arclogite and abundance of spinel peridotite xenoliths in Miocene and younger mafic volcanic host rocks (such as those at the San Carlos xenolith locality), and the presence of seismically fast and vertically dipping features beneath the western Colorado Plateau, suggest that arclogite has been foundering into the mantle and being replaced by upwelling asthenosphere since Miocene time.
Evidence for Mesoproterozoic ca. 1470–1444 Ma regional deformation of the Mazatzal Group and equivalent rocks in the type area of the Mazatzal orogeny, Tonto Basin, Arizona
Authors: Doe Michael F. , Daniel Christopher G. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
New detrital zircon data from deformed metasedimentary rocks of the Mazatzal Group in the northern Mazatzal Mountains, Arizona, indicate that formation of a regional fold-and-thrust belt occurred after ca. 1570 Ma. Regional correlations with pelites within the syncline at Four Peaks and deformed and intruded sediments in the upper Salt River Canyon allow us to revise the timing of deformation to ca. 1470–1444 Ma, contemporaneous with the Picuris orogeny in New Mexico. Fold- and thrust-style deformation of the Mazatzal Group was previously interpreted to be Paleoproterozoic and was a hallmark of the ca. 1650 Ma Mazatzal orogeny in the southwestern United States. However, recognition that protoliths of the deformed rocks formed in the Mesoproterozoic requires reconsideration of the age and regional tectonic significance of the orogenic event in its type locality. Our new findings are incompatible with published tectonic models invoking a regional ca. 1650 Ma Mazatzal orogeny and localized, pluton-enhanced deformation across the region ca. 1450 Ma.
This field trip visits and reviews three localities across the Tonto Basin of central Arizona: (1) the northern Mazatzal Mountains; (2) Four Peaks of the southern Mazatzal Mountains; and (3) exposures of the early Mesoproterozoic Yankee Joe Group in the upper Salt River Canyon. At each location, deformation previously attributed to ca. 1650 Ma is, instead, demonstrably younger and represents a different episode of regional orogenesis. Thus, the nomenclature and tectonic significance of ca. 1650 Ma versus 1450 Ma regional orogenic events must be reconsidered and revised to reflect our present data and understanding, with implications for the tectonic evolution of Proterozoic rocks of southwestern North America.
Unraveling volcanic and related processes using remotely sensed data sets: Perspectives from a Miocene-aged volcanic terrain in northwest Arizona
Authors: Lang* Nicholas P. , McDowell Susanne M. , Nypaver Cole A. , Gibson Brandt M. , Li-Vidal Briana , Miller Calvin F. , Claiborne Lily L. , Helfrich Autumn , McCosby Joseph , Schwat Eli , Thompson Ian P. , Wallrich Blake , Foley Michelle , McGuinness Sarah , Gomez Carlos 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This field trip will visit the southern Black Mountains volcanic center (SBMVC) and its associated products in northwestern Arizona. Post-volcanic extension and erosion of this semi-arid area afford the opportunity to examine a Miocene-aged (ca. 19–17 Ma) volcanic terrain in detail, using an approach that integrates fieldwork, petrography and geochemistry, and remotely sensed data. This approach was recently used in a three-year National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduate (NSF REU) program, from which some results will be highlighted. This integrated approach can provide insight into the amounts and types of information that can be gleaned from various types of remotely sensed data of a volcanic terrain. Over three days, we will work our way through the volcanic section associated with the SBMVC as exposed near Oatman and Kingman, Arizona, to observe: (1) felsic to mafic shallow intrusions; (2) deposits from felsic to intermediate explosive and effusive eruptions; (3) deposits from sedimentary processes; and (4) the results of subsequent extensional faulting. The petrologic, physical volcanic, and morphologic characteristics of observed outcrops will be discussed at each field stop, and will be used as points of discussion while in the field, for observations of presumably volcanic terrains on other planetary bodies. An appended road log serves as a geologic guide to this volcanic center and associated rocks.
Regional-scale evolution of the Laramide arc and porphyry copper province, southwestern North America
Authors: Greig Roy E. , Barton Mark D. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Porphyry copper provinces are time-space clusters of porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) that form in magmatic arcs. The evolution of the Laramide arc of southwestern North America, which hosts the Laramide porphyry copper province—the second-largest in the world—provides insight into factors contributing to its transient and localized metallogenic fertility. Regional-scale patterns are evident based on new and compiled U-Pb geochronological and whole-rock geochemical data, collected as part of an ongoing study. The migration of the locus of PCD formation coupled with shut-off of the magmatic arc and other geological evidence suggest localization of PCD formation near the southern margin of a shallowly subducting portion of the Farallon plate. Trends in increasing maximum size of PCDs and increasing SiO2 content of magmas with time correlate with the duration of arc activity in a given locale. Collectively, these trends suggest a variety of processes, including (1) uncertain ones related to local tectonic configuration, and (2) variations in crustal assimilation and/or metasomatism, which are correlated to the local duration of arc magmatism, contributed to the richness of the Laramide porphyry copper province.
Mesozoic to Cenozoic sedimentation, tectonics, and metallogeny of Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Price* Jason B. , Calmus Thierry , Bennett Scott E.K. , Ochoa-Landín Lucas 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We will embark on a five-day journey through northern, western, and central Sonora, in which we will see excellent examples of mostly Mesozoic to Cenozoic tectonics, sedimentation, and metallogeny. On Day 1, we will visit the porphyry copper deposit at Ajo, Arizona, and several Pleistocene cinder cones and maar craters in the Pinacate Biosphere Reserve. On Day 2, we will see L- and L-S tectonites at the type locality of the Mojave-Sonora megashear in Sierra Los Tanques, Noche Buena orogenic gold deposit, Ediacaran Gamuza beds in Caborca, and have an overview of the Carnero detachment fault on the south side of Sierra La Gloria. Day 3 will explore faults and related sedimentary and volcanic rocks associated with the late Miocene oblique opening of the Gulf of California rift and visit outcrops that record late Miocene timing constraints for flooding of the Gulf of California seaway, including several localities on southern Isla Tiburón accessible only by boat. Day 4 will visit exposures of Permian sedimentary to Paleogene igneous rocks in Hermosillo (Cerro La Campana); Puerto del Sol detachment fault zone; Aconchi batholith and a hot spring localized on a Basin and Range normal fault; Santa Elena low-sulfidation epithermal gold mine; and the Upper Jurassic Cucurpe Formation. On Day 5, we will visit several exposures of different crustal levels of the Magdalena-Madera metamorphic core complex, including the spectacular stretched pebble conglomerates in Arroyo Amolares.
Back to the Jurassic: Architecture of eolian, wadi, microbialite, and disturbed facies, Carmel Formation and Navajo Sandstone, Kane County, south-central Utah
Authors: Caputo Mario V. , Anderson Thomas B. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Two sites in Kane County, south-central Utah, were selected for this two-day field trip. Stunning outcrop examples of the internal structure of eolian, wadi, and microbialite beds are accessible in the Middle Jurassic Carmel Formation at White House camp along the Paria River, and outcrop details of deformed bedding are accessible in the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone on Wire Pass/Coyote Wash trail. Respective facies are described and interpreted within a theme of “back to basics in sedimentology” and within a landscape framework of the Grand Staircase and the East Kaibab monocline. A tan, cross-bedded facies of coastal eolian origin and a red lenticular facies of wadi origin in the Thousand Pockets Member, Carmel Formation, were coeval with a wavy laminated facies of organo-sedimentary origin in the Judd Hollow Tongue of the Carmel Formation. Grainflow, wind-ripple, and grainfall processes conspired on Jurassic dunes to deposit a cross-bed array of eolian sandflow, wind-ripple, and grainfall foreset strata, and wind-ripple and possibly grainfall toeset strata in the tan cross-bedded facies. Episodes of wadi flooding are preserved in the red lenticular facies as cyclical, upward-fining sandstones-mudstones punctuated by exposure and mudcrack fills. They locally and temporarily interrupted eolian sedimentation before being overrun and buried by eolian dunes. Ripples and microbes built up the wavy laminated facies at a supratidal marine shoreline of the Middle Jurassic seaway. Ground-shaking from an earthquake or extraterrestrial impact triggered severe deformation of eolian dune sand in the disturbed facies of the Navajo Sandstone.
The “Holey Tour” planetary geology field trip, Arizona
Authors: Greeley† Ronald 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Arizona has a wide variety of geological features relevant to planetary geology. The “Holey Tour” is a 2 d field trip (Phoenix-Flagstaff-Phoenix) that introduces participants to crater forms (hence the “holes” of the tour), including a maar, karst sinkhole, pit crater, cinder-cone craters, a volcano-tectonic depression, and the classic impact structure Meteor Crater. The Apollo astronaut field training site near Flagstaff is examined, which includes a terrain that was artificially generated to simulate a cratered lunar surface. In addition, planetary volcanism is discussed with stops that include a shield volcano, composite cone, silicic dome, and cinder cones; considerations include key variables in volcanic morphology, such as lava composition and rates of effusion. The general geology of Arizona is discussed throughout the trip and includes parts of the Colorado Plateau, the Basin and Range Province, and the Central Highlands (also called the “transition” zone). The trip can be adapted to meet the needs of any group, from secondary school students to established planetary scientists.
This field trip generally follows the GSA guide published in GSA Special Paper 483 (available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa):
Greeley, R., 2011, The “Holey Tour” planetary geology field trip, Arizona, in Garry, W.B., and Bleacher, J.E., eds., Analogs for Planetary Exploration: Geological Society of America Special Paper 483, p. 377–391, https://doi.org/10.1130/2011.2483(23).
Histopathology of retinoblastoma eyes enucleated after intra-arterial chemotherapy
Authors: Biewald Eva Maria , Bornfeld Norbert , Metz Klaus A , Schlüter Sabrina , Kiefer Tobias , Radbruch Alexander , Göricke Sophia , Sirin Selma , Ketteler Petra , Bechrakis Nikolaos E 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundTo demonstrate histopathological findings in retinoblastoma eyes enucleated after intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) with special emphasis on vascular toxicity and local tumour control.MethodsRetrospective study with a consecutive series of 23 retinoblastoma eyes enucleated after IAC where histopathological work-up was available.ResultsFrom November 2010 to June 2019 23 eyes were enucleated after the attempt of eye salvaging therapy with IAC using melphalan. IAC was the first line treatment in nine and salvage treatment in 14 eyes. Doses of melphalan ranged from 3 to 7.5 mg, whereby a strict protocol with age-appropriate dosage was not used until 2015. The mean number of treatment cycles was 1.8. The main indications for enucleation were poor treatment response or tumour progression in 14 eyes, severe vascular complications in five eyes and a total exudative retinal detachment with amaurosis in the remaining four eyes. We found active disease in 15 eyes with an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy due to high risk factors for metastases in four eyes. To date none of these patients developed metastatic disease. Concerning vascular toxicity, we detected a central retinal artery occlusion in three eyes, severe vasculitis in another three, ischaemic outer retina atrophy and choroidal ischaemia in seven eyes with one eye developing a severe proliferative retinopathy.ConclusionIAC is a highly effective treatment option for advanced retinoblastoma, but the described potential risks should be kept in mind. These include severe vascular complications, as well as the possibility of persisting vital tumour cells fulfilling high-risk criteria for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Redefining typhoid diagnosis: what would an improved test need to look like?
Authors: Mather Richard G , Hopkins Heidi , Parry Christopher M , Dittrich Sabine 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionTyphoid fever is one of the most common bacterial causes of acute febrile illness in the developing world, with an estimated 10.9 million new cases and 116.8 thousand deaths in 2017. Typhoid point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests are widely used but have poor sensitivity and specificity, resulting in antibiotic overuse that has led to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains. With recent advances in typhoid surveillance and detection, this is the ideal time to produce a target product profile (TPP) that guides product development and ensure that a next-generation test meets the needs of users in the resource-limited settings where typhoid is endemic.MethodsA structured literature review was conducted to develop a draft TPP for a next-generation typhoid diagnostic test with minimal and optimal desired characteristics for 36 test parameters. The TPP was refined using feedback collected from a Delphi survey of key stakeholders in clinical medicine, microbiology, diagnostics and public and global health.ResultsA next-generation typhoid diagnostic test should improve patient management through the diagnosis and treatment of infection with acuteSalmonella entericaserovars Typhi or Paratyphi with a sensitivity ≥90% and specificity ≥95%. The test would ideally be used at the lowest level of the healthcare system in settings without a reliable power or water supply and provide results in <15 min at a cost of <US$1.00.ConclusionThis report outlines the first comprehensive TPP for typhoid fever and is intended to guide the development of a next-generation typhoid diagnostic test. An accurate POC test will reduce the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever through rapid diagnosis and treatment and will have the greatest impact in reducing antimicrobial resistance if it is combined with diagnostics for other causes of acute febrile illness in a treatment algorithm.
Over-the-counter antibiotic dispensing by pharmacies: a standardised patient study in Udupi district, India
Authors: Nafade Vaidehi , Huddart Sophie , Sulis Giorgia , Daftary Amrita , Miraj Sonal Sekhar , Saravu Kavitha , Pai Madhukar 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is a global health emergency, and one of the contributing factors is overuse and misuse of antibiotics. India is one of the world’s largest consumers of antibiotics, and inappropriate use is potentially widespread. This study aimed to use standardised patients (SPs) to measure over-the-counter antibiotic dispensing in one region.MethodsThree adults from the local community in Udupi, India, were recruited and trained as SPs. Three conditions, in both adults and children, were considered: diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection and acute fever. Adult SPs were used as proxies for the paediatric cases.ResultsA total of 1522 SP interactions were successfully completed from 279 pharmacies. The proportion of SP interactions resulting in the provision of an antibiotic was 4.34% (95% CI 3.04% to 6.08%) for adult SPs and 2.89% (95% CI 1.8% to 4.4%) for child SPs. In the model, referral to another provider was associated with an OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.79), the number of questions asked was associated with an OR 1.54 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.84) and an SP–pharmacist interaction lasting longer than 3 min was associated with an OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.11 to 8.27) as compared with an interaction lasting less than 1 min.ConclusionOver-the-counter antibiotic dispensing rate was low in Udupi district and substantially lower than previously published SP studies in other regions of India. Dispensing was lowest when pharmacies referred to a doctor, and higher when pharmacies asked more questions or spent more time with clients.
The effect of chronic, non-specific low back pain on superficial lumbar muscle activity: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sanderson Andy , Rushton Alison B , Martinez Valdes Eduardo , Heneghan Nicola R , Gallina Alessio , Falla Deborah 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionChronic, non-specific low back pain is a major global cause of disability. One factor which might potentially contribute to ongoing pain is maladaptive variation in the level of activity in the lumbar musculature. Several studies have investigated this activity using surface electromyography, in varied muscles and during a number of functional activities. Due to differences in the applied methodology, the results have been difficult to compare, and previous reviews have been limited in scope. In this protocol, we aim to perform a comprehensive review of the effect of chronic low back pain on lumbar muscle activity.Methods and analysisThis protocol was informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and results will be reported in line with the PRISMA. Searches will be conducted on the Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ZETOC and CINAHL databases, along with a comprehensive review of grey literature and key journals. One reviewer will conduct the searches, but two independent reviewers will screen potential studies and assess the risk of bias within studies which meet the inclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa risk of bias tool, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines will be used to assess the quality of the data. Meta-analysis will be conducted where appropriate on groups of studies with homogenous methodology. Where studies are too heterogeneous to allow for meta-analysis, meta-synthesis will instead be completed, comparing results in terms of net increases or decreases of activity.Ethics and disseminationThis review aims to identify common adaptations of muscle activity in people with low back pain and it is expected that the results will influence future research directions and future rehabilitation approaches. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.Prospero registration numberCRD42019125156