bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXII-22 Genomic prediction accuracy for feed efficiency related traits using different pseudo-phenotypes, prediction and validation methods in Nellore cattle
Authors: Magnabosco Cláudio U , Lopes Fernando , Magnabosco Valentina , Lobo Raysildo , Pereira Leticia , Espigolan Rafael , Brunes Ludmilla 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate prediction methods, validation approaches and pseudo-phenotypes for the prediction of the genomic breeding values of feed efficiency related traits in Nellore cattle. It used the phenotypic and genotypic information of 4,329 and 3,594 animals, respectively, which were tested for residual feed intake (RFI), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), residual body weight gain (RG), and residual intake and body weight gain (RIG). Six prediction methods were used: ssGBLUP, BayesA, BayesB, BayesCπ, BLASSO, and BayesR. Three validation approaches were used: 1) random: where the data was randomly divided into ten subsets and the validation was done in each subset at a time; 2) age: the division into the training (2010 to 2016) and validation population (2017) were based on the year of birth; 3) genetic breeding value (EBV) accuracy: the data was split in the training population being animals with accuracy above 0.45; and validation population those below 0.45. We checked the accuracy and bias of genomic value (GEBV). The results showed that the GEBV accuracy was the highest when the prediction is obtained with ssGBLUP (0.05 to 0.31) (Figure 1). The low heritability obtained, mainly for FE (0.07 ± 0.03) and FCR (0.09 ± 0.03), limited the GEBVs accuracy, which ranged from low to moderate. The regression coefficient estimates were close to 1, and similar between the prediction methods, validation approaches, and pseudo-phenotypes. The cross-validation presented the most accurate predictions ranging from 0.07 to 0.037. The prediction accuracy was higher for phenotype adjusted for fixed effects than for EBV and EBV deregressed (30.0 and 34.3%, respectively). Genomic prediction can provide a reliable estimate of genomic breeding values for RFI, DMI, RG and RGI, as to even say that those traits may have higher genetic gain than FE and FCR.
PSI-10 Effects of a Moderate and Aggressive Implant Strategy on the Rumen Microbial Community in Steers
Authors: Henniger Madison T , Wells Jim E , Hales Kristin E , Lindholm-Perry Amanda K , Freetly Harvey C , Kuehn Larry A , Schneider Liesel G , McLean Kyle J , Clemmons Brooke A , Myer Phillip R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effects of growth-promoting implant strategies have been well-defined in research for their ability to impact growth performance in beef cattle. Production-relevant microbiomes in the rumen have also been associated with growth traits. However, the role of implant strategies on the rumen microbiome is not understood. The objective was to determine if varying doses of implant hormones cause gain-associated ruminal microbial community shifts. To assess this, a completely randomized design was used and 336 fall-born steers from the germplasm evaluation population between 450–470 days of age at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (Clay Center, NE) were divided into two treatment groups: 1) a moderate implant strategy of Revalor-IS (80 mg trenbolone acetate, 16 mg estradiol) followed by Revalor-S (120 mg trenbolone acetate, 24 mg estradiol) and 2) an aggressive implant strategy of Revalor-IS followed by Revalor-200 (200 mg trenbolone acetate, 20 mg estradiol). Steers were fed the same diet (57.0% dry-rolled corn, 30% wet distiller’s grains with solubles, 8.0% alfalfa hay, 4.25% supplement, and 0.75% urea, DM basis). Body weights were collected once per month with initial weights of 439.8 ± 43.1 kg. After implants were administered for 84 days, rumen content was collected via orogastric tubing. Samples were sequenced targeting bacterial V1-V3 16S rRNA gene regions, V3-V4 for archaea, and partial 18S rRNA gene of protozoa. Sequences were processed in R utilizing Phyloseq and analyzed with DESeq2 to test differential abundances. Production data between implant strategies were analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA (SASv9.4, Cary, NC). Alpha- and beta-diversity between strategies did not differ for bacteria, archaea, or protozoa (P &gt; 0.05). Average daily gain was different (P = 0.01; 1.72 vs 1.66 ± 0.02 kg, aggressive vs moderate, respectively); however, large microbial community shifts were not associated implant strategy. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
PSI-7 Differing planes of nutrition affecting the cytokines of bovine seminal plasma in beef cattle
Authors: Harrison Taylor D , Brandt Kiernan J , Chaney Elizabeth M , McLean Kyle J , Strickland Lew G , Schneider Liesel G , Payton Rebecca R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bull fertility is highly influential to profits of cow-calf production; however, bulls often experience various planes of nutrition throughout the year. These changes may influence the composition of the ejaculate and their ability to get females pregnant. We hypothesized that differing nutritional planes would affect the cytokines concentration in the seminal plasma of bulls. Mature angus bulls (n = 12) were individually housed and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) over-fed (n = 6) or 2) restricted (n = 6). Bulls were fed the same ration (35% ground hay, 35% cracked corn, 20% distillers’ grain and 10% soybean meal) at differing volumes to achieve desired nutritional planes. Body weight and BCS were taken every two weeks to monitor nutritional planes. Blood and ejaculate were collected once a month to determine cytokine profiles within seminal plasma. Statistical analyses were conducted with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with bull within treatment as a random effect and time as a repeated measure to determine if nutrition level, time and the interaction influenced seminal plasma cytokine concentration. There were no significant time or treatment×time interactions for any cytokine concentrations. Interferon-γ tended to be increased (P &lt; 0.10) in restricted bulls (3.21±0.95 pg/mL) compared with over-fed bulls (0.64±0.95 pg/mL). The concentrations of IL-8 also tended to be increased (P &lt; 0.10) in restricted (318.89±66.42 pg/mL) compared with over-fed bulls (158.02±66.42 pg/mL). Interleukin-1β in over-fed bulls (24.77±17.51 pg/mL) tended to be decreased (P &lt; 0.10) compared with restricted bulls (65.8±17.51 pg/mL). Interleukin-10 tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.10) in restricted (17.95±2.29 pg/mL) than in the over-fed bulls (12.41±2.29 pg/mL). The concentration of VEGF-A was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in restricted bulls (3,551.28±224.49 pg/mL) than over-fed bulls (2,715.72±224.49 pg/mL). In conclusion, cytokine concentrations were elevated by restricted nutritional levels which could impact the ability of the ejaculate to stimulate uterine gene expression and establish pregnancy.
PSI-3 Allometric Growth Coefficients of Non-Carcass and Carcass Components of Serially Harvested Implanted and Non-Implanted Steers
Authors: Wesley Kaitlyn R , Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Pillmore Sierra L , Cooper Kimberly B , Tennant Travis , Nichols Wade , Hutcheson John , Lawrence Ty 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantify allometric growth coefficients of non-carcass and carcass components of implanted or non-implanted Charolais×Angus steers in relation to empty body weight. Steers (n = 80; initial BW 271±99 kg) were paired, randomized to harvest date (d 0-42-84-126-168-210-252-294-336-378), and CON (negative control) or REV (Revalor-XS on d 0 and 190) treatments. Weights were log transformed and consolidated to arithmetic means by treatment and harvest date. Growth coefficients were calculated using the log transformed allometric equation Y=K+aX where Y=log(part), X=log(whole), A=log(slope), and K=log(intercept), where empty body growth = 1. Coefficients by treatment were analyzed via independent t-test. Kidney (0.58 vs 0.51; P=0.06) and lungs/trachea (0.52 vs 0.46; P = 0.09) tended to grow faster for REV, and pituitary glands grew numerically faster (P = 0.82) for REV (0.71 vs 0.56). Non-carcass components with lowest growth coefficients included small intestine (0.02), large intestine (0.12), and brain/spinal cord (0.13), whereas kidney-pelvic-heart fat (2.01) accumulated quickly. Growth coefficients of primals were numerically greater for REV steers, except in the rib. All primals except round (0.81) and foreshank (0.87) exhibited coefficients greater than 1 (brisket, 1.18; chuck, 1.03; rib, 1.18; plate, 1.45; loin, 1.04; and flank, 1.47). Growth coefficients were greater (P&lt; 0.01) for REV in two subprimals (chuck eye roll, 0.87; eye of round, 0.75), CON was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in one subprimal (flank steak, 0.79). Pectoral meat (0.19), bottom sirloin flap (0.56), and heel meat (0.59) exhibited growth coefficients less than 1. Although not significant, total lean was deposited more quickly in REV (0.95 vs 0.88; P=0.45), whereas total fat (2.17 vs 1.98; P=0.35) and total bone (0.92 vs 0.75; P=0.29) were faster growing for CON. These data indicate fat exhibits greatest growth coefficients compared to the empty body; whereas, there were minimal differences in growth coefficients in regards to treatment.
PSI-24 The Effect of Formic Acid and Lignosulfonate on Pellet Quality
Authors: Nichols Gage E , Stark Charles R , Ogles Aundria M , Truelock Courtney N , Beckman Nelsa , Winowiski Thomas , Paulk Chad B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of formic acid and lignosulfonate (LignoTech USA) on pellet quality. The 5 treatments consisted of a control, or the control with 2 levels of formic acid (0.36% and 0.60%), or the control with formic acid with lignosulfonate (0.24% and 0.40%). Diets were steam conditioned (245 mm×1397 mm Wenger twin shaft pre-conditioner, Model 150) for approximately 30 sec and pelleted on a 1-ton 30-horsepower pellet mill (1012-2 HD Master Model, California Pellet Mill) with a 4.8 mm×31.8 mm pellet die (L:D 6.7). The production rate was set at 900 kg/h. Treatments were pelleted at 3 separate time points to provide 3 replicates per treatment. Samples were collected directly after discharging from the pellet mill and cooled in an experimental counterflow cooler. Samples were analyzed for pellet durability index using the Holmen NHP 100 (TekPro Ltd, Norfolk, UK) and via both standard and modified tumble box methods. Pellet hardness was determined by evaluating the peak amount of force applied before the first signs of fracture. Pellets were crushed perpendicular to their longitudinal axis using a texture analyzer (Model TA-XT2, Stable Micro Systems). Voltage and Amperage data was collected via Supco DVCV Logger (Supco, New Jersey, US). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4, with pelleting run as the experimental unit. Increasing formic acid in the diet decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.0001) pH. No evidence for differences were observed for pellet mill energy consumption, pellet durability regardless of testing method or pellet hardness when adding formic acid or lignosulfonate to the diet. In conclusion, pellet quality was not influenced by formic acid or lignosulfonate.
PSIV-4 Program Chair Poster Pick: Determinants of red meat exclusion from diets in Canada
Authors: Gunte Kebebe E , White Robin R , Aukema Harold , McAllister Tim A , Riediger Natalie , Legesse Getahun , McGeough E J , Wittenberg Karin , Ibrahim Naser , Ominski Kim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Production of red meat including beef, pork, and lamb, has been associated with climate change and high intakes of these foods have been linked to risks of several leading chronic diseases. Reducing red meat consumption has been suggested as an option to address important health and sustainability challenges. Characterizing the sociodemographic factors associated with red meat consumption is an important first step in identifying strategies to translate information regarding sustainable food choices into policy and national dietary guides. The objective of this study was to characterize the demographic factors associated with the exclusion of red meat in consumer diets. Mixed-effects probit regression that accounts for the hierarchical structure of individuals clustered in ten provinces in 24-hr dietary recall data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 10,117) was used to identify factors associated with dietary choices. Despite growing public discourse regarding the elimination of red meat, the results indicate that fewer than 5% of Canadians reported excluding red meat from their diet. Sex, education level, and race/ethnicity had a significant effect on red meat exclusion with single females (P &lt; 0.000), individuals with at least a Bachelor’s degree (P &lt; 0.001), and individuals who self-identified as African (P &lt; 0.001), Asian (P &lt; 0.001), and Oceanian (pP &lt; 0.001) origin more likely to eliminate red meat. In contrast, households with children under age 25 (P &lt; 0.001) were less likely to do so. The disparities in consumption patterns of red meat by sex, race/ethnicity, education, and family status can inform public education and policy initiatives using science-based information to improve the health and environmental sustainability associated with the Canadian diets.
PSVII-16 Prediction equations of the carcass physical composition of water buffaloes
Authors: de Barros Felipe , Castilhos André M , Francisco Caroline L , Aranha Aline S , Jacaúna Amanna G , Luz Patricia A C , Jacob Vanessa R M , Oliveira Camila S , Paula Tania V , Jorge Andre M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study determined equations to estimate the physical components of the buffalo carcass using biometric measurements performed in vivo, carcass traits performed postmortem, and the set of both measurements. Seventy-five non-castrated males (25 of each genetic group: Jafarabadi, Mediterranean and Murrah), with means of initial body weight and age of 314 ±117 kg and 390 ±58 days, respectively, were used. The animals were allocated in collective pens and received feeding ad libitum for 240 days. Ultrasound assessments [(backfat thickness (BFT); Ribeye area (REA)], weight, hip height (HH) measurements, and body condition score were performed every 28 days, and tested as independent variables. The postmortem measurements tested as independent variables were carcass length (CL, cm), carcass depth (CD, cm), cold carcass weight (CCW), hot carcass weight (HCW), and carcass compactness index (CCI, kg/cm). The empty body weight (EBW) was also obtained and subsequently used in the equations. The percentage of tissues which comprise the carcass was determined by the physical separation. The equations to estimate the physical composition of the carcass were developed using the stepwise regression method and Mallows’ Cp criterion, and processed by the REG procedure in SAS. The best prediction equations were those which used both independent variables obtained in vivo and postmortem, namely: Muscle, kg = 16.17 - 0,042×EBW + 0.211×CCW + 49.309×CD + 0.210×HCW - 35.570×HH (R² =0.91; RMSE =3.448; Cp =4.864); Fat, kg = 29.471 + 0.07×EBW - 33.716×CL + 0.285×BFT – 11.080×CD (R² =0.77; RMSE =2.151; Cp =2.568); Bone, kg = -34.261 + 20.380×CL + 18.356×HH + 0.011×EBW (R² =0.87; RMSE =1.181; Cp =2.218). In conclusion, the equations obtained from models with both in vivo and postmortem measurements present high prediction and can be used efficiently in the estimate of the physical components of the water buffalo carcass. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).
PSVII-5 Effect of yeast, astragalus polysaccharide or tulathromycin administration on immune function of transported heifers
Authors: Wu Xin , Meng Qingxiang , Wu Hao , Beck Paul A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Transportation stress of beef calves results in decreased performance and increased medication costs. The hypothesis of the current research was that yeast, astragalus polysaccharide, or tulathromycin administration would enhance immune function and alleviate the performance loss caused by long-distance transport. Angus heifers (n = 80) were ranked by BW on d -7 and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments before shipping 1,400 km: 1) fed a basal diet (CON) 2) administered yeast product (20 g/heifer daily) in basal diet from d -7 to 7 (YEA); 3) administration of astragalus polysaccharide (20 g/heifer daily) in basal diet from d -7 to 7 (APS); or 4) administration of tulathromycin (0.025 mL/kg BW subcutaneous injection) at loading (d 0; TUL). During transport (29 h duration) cattle remained in the trucks at all times. Upon arrival (d 1), heifers within each treatment were ranked by BW and assigned to 20 feedlot pens (5 pens/treatment, 4 heifers/pen). Blood was collected on d -7, -1, 1, and 7. Blood parameters among treatments over time were compared by SAS using linear mixed models with repeated measures. Over the receiving period, ADG were less (P &lt; 0.01) for CON than YEA, APS and TUL but did not differ among these groups. A treatment × day interaction was detected for neutrophil, IgA and IgG (P &lt; 0.05), where neutrophil was lower in YEA and APS than in TUL and CON on d 1 (P &lt; 0.05). Serum IgA was higher in YEA and APS than in CON and TUL on d 1 (P &lt; 0.05), serum IgG was higher in APS than in YEA, CON and TUL on d 1 and 7 (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, APS and YEA could enhance immune function, resulting in alleviating the performance loss caused by long-distance transport.
PSIX-34 Omega-3 fatty acids are more likely to cause C2C12 cell adipose deposition and decomposition compared with palmitic acid
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhang Shilei , Wang Yongjie , Ghnaimawi Saeed , Baum Jamie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is usually considered that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) to be beneficial to health and are widely provided as a dietary supplement during pregnancy. However, the risk of n-3 PUFAs overdosage on fetal development has rarely been studied. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of different concentrations of n-3 PUFAs [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] and a saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) on the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Oil Red O staining showed that n-3 PUFAs are more likely to cause adipogenesis. C2C12 cells were induced apoptosis when the concentration of EPA and DHA is 75µM, respectively. The expression of PPARγ gene expression in the EPA+DHA 50μM group was significantly increased, while in the palmitic acid treatment, the gene expression of AP2 (in the ≥10 μM groups) and C/EBPβ (50 μM) were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05). Among the lipolysis related genes, HSL increased significantly in the EPA+DHA groups (≥ 25 μM), while MGL decreased significantly in both the EPA+DHA groups (≥ 10 μM) and palmitic acid group (≥ 100 μM) (P &lt; 0.05). In the EPA+DHA groups, the expression of myogenic genes Mrf4 (≥10 μM), MyoD (≥50 μM), and MyoG (≥25 μM) were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05). Gene expression of Myf5 decreased significantly when the concentration of palmitic acid was higher than 100 μM (P &lt; 0.05). Among thermogenesis-related genes, in the EPA+DHA treatment, Prdm16 increased (≥50 μM), and UCP3 decreased significantly (≥50 μM)(P &lt; 0.05). After palmitic acid administration, Prdm16 (≥50 μM) and UCP1 (≥100 μM) was significantly reduced, and UCP3 was significantly increased only in the highest concentration group (150 μM) (P &lt; 0.05). In short, compared to palmitic acid, the treatment of EPA+DHA in the differentiation culture of C2C12 cells can enhance the deposition and decomposition of adipose in a lower concentration.
PSIX-32 Assessment of Mucosa-associated Microbiota in the Colon and Rumen of Dairy Calves Fed High Plane of Milk and during Weaning Transition
Authors: Guo Wei , van Niekerk Jolet K , Zhou Mi , Steele Michael A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The nature of weaning is considered as the most stressful period experienced by dairy calves and has been known to negatively affect calf growth and intake. The objectives of this study were to investigate the shift of rumen and colon mucosa-associated microbiota in dairy calves fed with a high plane of milk pre- and post-weaning, and whether such shifts are associated with rumen fermentation and growth performance. Six Holstein dairy bull calves were ruminally cannulated at the second week of life followed by weaning at the end of week 6. Ruminal and colon tissue samples were biopsied at the end of week 5, 7 and 12 to determine the bacterial community changes, and rumen content was collected at the same time to measure rumen fermentation parameters. QIIME2 was used to analyze microbial profiles and R studio software was used to determine the microbial changes and its relationship with phenotypic measures. Age-dependent profiles were observed for the colon mucosa associated microbiota but not for rumen mucosa associated microbiota, indicating that varied responses to weaning transition exists between colon and rumen mucosa associated microbiota. As calves aged, higher abundance of taxa such as Delftia (associated with hexadecanoic acid production) and lower abundance of Veillonella (associated with short-chain organic acids utilization) were detected in the colon mucosa. The rumen also displayed taxonomic changes with decreases in Pseudobutyrivibrio in older calves. In addition, we identified significantly positive correlations between Prevotella associated with rumen mucosa and average daily gain, Isovalerate and Isobutyrate, suggesting that this genus may promote rumen fermentation during weaning transition. Our findings suggest that weaning transition affects rumen and colon mucosa-associated bacteria, and some of the rumen mucosa-associated microbiota promote rumen fermentation during this period, which may have long-term effects on animal health and productivity.