bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging
Authors: Gauthier Benoit R. , Sola‐García Alejandro , Cáliz‐Molina María Ángeles , Lorenzo Petra Isabel , Cobo‐Vuilleumier Nadia , Capilla‐González Vivian , Martin‐Montalvo Alejandro 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThyroid function is central in the control of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies in animal models and human research have determined that thyroid hormones modulate cellular processes relevant for aging and for the majority of age‐related diseases. While several studies have associated mild reductions on thyroid hormone function with exceptional longevity in animals and humans, alterations in thyroid hormones are serious medical conditions associated with unhealthy aging and premature death. Moreover, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated with the development of certain types of diabetes and cancers, indicating a great complexity of the molecular mechanisms controlled by thyroid hormones. In this review, we describe the latest findings in thyroid hormone research in the field of aging, diabetes, and cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinomas. While aging studies indicate that the direct modulation of thyroid hormones is not a viable strategy to promote healthy aging or longevity and the development of thyromimetics is challenging due to inefficacy and potential toxicity, we argue that interventions based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone function might provide therapeutic benefit in certain types of diabetes and cancers.
Risk of overdose‐related death for people with a history of incarceration
Authors: Gan Wen Qi , Kinner Stuart A. , Nicholls Tonia L. , Xavier Chloé G. , Urbanoski Karen , Greiner Leigh , Buxton Jane A. , Martin Ruth E. , McLeod Katherine E. , Samji Hasina , Nolan Seonaid , Meilleur Louise , Desai Roshni , Sabeti Soha , Slaunwhite Amanda K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsReported associations between previous incarceration and the risk of overdose‐related death are substantially heterogeneous, and previous studies are limited by an inability to control for confounding factors in risk assessment. This study investigated the associations of overdose‐related death with previous incarceration and the number or cumulative duration of previous incarcerations, and individual or neighborhood characteristics that may potentially modify the associations.Design and settingA cohort study using a 20% random sample of residents in British Columbia, Canada.ParticipantsA total of 765 690 people aged 23 years or older at baseline as of 1 January 2015. Mean age was 50 years; 49% were males.MeasurementsPrevious incarcerations that occurred during the 5‐year exposure period (January 2010 to December 2014) were identified using provincial incarceration records. Overdose‐related deaths that occurred during the 3‐year follow‐up period (January 2015 to December 2017) were identified using linked administrative health data. Baseline individual and neighborhood characteristics were retrieved from the provincial health insurance data.FindingsIn the cohort, 5743 people had an incarceration history during the exposure period, and 634 people died from drug overdose during the follow‐up period. The mortality rate was 897 and 22 per 100 000 person‐years for people who did and did not have an incarceration history, respectively. After adjusting for baseline individual and neighborhood characteristics (without any interaction term), people who had an incarceration history were 4.04 times (95% confidence interval 3.23–5.06) more likely to die from drug overdose compared with people without an incarceration history. The association was stronger for females, people without diagnoses of substance use disorder and people without dispensation of opioids for pain or benzodiazepines (P < 0.001 for each interaction term). There was no discernible linear trend between the number or cumulative duration of previous incarcerations and the risk of overdose‐related death.ConclusionsPrevious incarceration appears to be a major risk factor for overdose‐related death.
A cross‐sectional magnetic resonance imaging study of factors influencing growth plate closure in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Kvist Ola , Luiza Dallora Ana , Nilsson Ola , Anderberg Peter , Sanmartin Berglund Johan , Flodmark Carl‐Erik , Diaz Sandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo assess growth plate fusion by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluate the correlation with sex, age, pubertal development, physical activity and BMI.MethodsWrist, knee and ankle of 958 healthy subjects aged 14.0‐21.5 years old were examined using MRI and graded by two radiologists. Correlations of growth plate fusion score with age, pubertal development, physical activity and BMI were assessed.ResultsComplete growth plate fusion occurred in 75%, 85%, 97%, 98%, 98% and 90%, 97%, 95%, 97%, 98% (radius, femur, proximal‐ and distal tibia and calcaneus) in 17‐year‐old females and 19‐year‐old males, respectively. Complete fusion occurs approximately 2 years earlier in girls than in boys. Pubertal development correlated with growth plate fusion score (ρ = 0.514‐0.598 for the different growth plate sites) but regular physical activity did not. BMI also correlated with growth plate fusion (ρ = 0.186‐0.384). Stratified logistic regression showed increased odds ratio (OR F: 2.65‐8.71; M: 1.71‐4.03) for growth plate fusion of obese or overweight subects versus normal‐weight subjects. Inter‐observer agreement was high (Κ = 0.87‐0.94).ConclusionGrowth plate fusion can be assessed by MRI; occurs in an ascending order, from the foot to the wrist; and is significantly influenced by sex, pubertal development and BMI, but not by physical activity.
Genetic disorders with central nervous system white matter abnormalities: An update
Authors: Shukla Anju , Kaur Parneet , Narayanan Dhanya Lakshmi , do Rosario Michelle C. , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Girisha Katta Mohan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral genetic disorders have variable degree of central nervous system white matter abnormalities. We retrieved and reviewed 422 genetic conditions with prominent and consistent involvement of white matter from the literature. We herein describe the current definitions, classification systems, clinical spectrum, neuroimaging findings, genomics, and molecular mechanisms of these conditions. Though diagnosis for most of these disorders relies mainly on genomic tests, specifically exome sequencing, we collate several clinical and neuroimaging findings still relevant in diagnosis of clinically recognizable disorders. We also review the current understanding of pathophysiology and therapeutics of these disorders.
Importance of species translocations under rapid climate change
Authors: Butt Nathalie , Chauvenet Alienor L.M. , Adams Vanessa M. , Beger Maria , Gallagher Rachael V. , Shanahan Danielle F. , Ward Michelle , Watson James E.M. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpecies that cannot adapt or keep pace with a changing climate are likely to need human intervention to shift to more suitable climates. While hundreds of articles mention using translocation as a climate‐change adaptation tool, in practice, assisted migration as a conservation action remains rare, especially for animals. This is likely due to concern over introducing species to places where they may become invasive. However, there are other barriers to consider, such as time‐frame mismatch, sociopolitical, knowledge and uncertainty barriers to conservationists adopting assisted migration as a go‐to strategy. We recommend the following to advance assisted migration as a conservation tool: attempt assisted migrations at small scales, translocate species with little invasion risk, adopt robust monitoring protocols that trigger an active response, and promote political and public support.
How pastoralists weight future environmental benefits when managing natural resources
Authors: Hyman Amanda A. , Gaoue Orou G. , Tamou Charles , Armsworth Paul R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural resource management involves balancing benefits and costs that accrue through time. How individuals and local communities weight such tradeoffs can profoundly influence how they use and conserve resources. Our goal was to understand time preferences of future benefits for goods that are relevant for developing effective conservation strategies. We surveyed >500 Fulani in Benin about their time preferences regarding financial, ecological, and agricultural goods, summarizing these in the form of discount rates. In a discrete‐time, constant annual form, our results were much higher (median: 150%) than values often discussed in literature. These discount rates declined through time; people valued the future more than would be assumed based on constant discounting. Discount rates were higher for financial goods than ecological or agricultural goods. We illustrate how our estimates of discount rates change recommendations for optimal management of forest resource harvesting in the tropics. While members of this grazing community discount future benefits at a high rate, they do so in ways that contrast with conventional economic theory and favor long‐term use of nontimber forest products.
Comparing outcomes for infiltrative and restrictive cardiomyopathies under the new heart transplant allocation system
Authors: Griffin Jan M. , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Rosenblum Hannah , Topkara Veli K. , Fried Justin A. , Uriel Nir , Takeda Koji , Farr Maryjane A. , Maurer Mathew S. , Clerkin Kevin J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe new heart transplantation (HT) allocation policy was introduced on 10/18/2018. Using the UNOS registry, we examined early outcomes following HT for restrictive cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac sarcoidosis, or cardiac amyloidosis compared to the old system. Those listed who had an event (transplant, death, or waitlist removal) prior to 10/17/2018 were in Era 1, and those listed on or after 10/18/2018 were in Era 2. The primary endpoint was death on the waitlist or delisting due to clinical deterioration. A total of 1232 HT candidates were included, 855 (69.4%) in Era 1 and 377 (30.6%) in Era 2. In Era 2, there was a significant increase in the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support and a reduction in the primary endpoint, (20.9 events per 100 PY (Era 1) vs. 18.6 events per 100 PY (Era 2), OR 1.98, p = .005). Median waitlist time decreased (91 vs. 58 days, p < .001), and transplantation rate increased (119.0 to 204.7 transplants/100 PY for Era 1 vs Era 2). Under the new policy, there has been a decrease in waitlist time and waitlist mortality/delisting due to clinical deterioration, and an increase in transplantation rates for patients with infiltrative, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathies without any effect on post‐transplant 6‐month survival.
Liquid Biopsy of Bile based on Targeted Mass Spectrometry for the Diagnosis of Malignant Biliary Strictures
Authors: Adrait Annie , Dumonceau Jean‐Marc , Delhaye Myriam , Annessi‐Ramseyer Isabelle , Frossard Jean‐Louis , Couté Yohann , Farina Annarita 
Published: October 2020

Bile holds biomarkers of malignant biliary strictures (MBS) but is unsuited for automated analyzers used in routine diagnostic laboratories. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a flexible high‐throughput analytical approach based on targeted mass spectrometry (MS) already implemented in clinical settings. We tested the hypothesis that SRM could be used to quantify cancer biomarkers in human bile. An SRM‐based assay was developed to simultaneously quantify up to 37 peptides from 13 bile proteins in a developmental cohort of 15 patients (MBS, n = 8; benign biliary stricture or obstruction (BBS), n = 7). The most reliable biomarkers were then absolutely quantified by SRM in a verification cohort of 67 patients (MBS, n = 37; BBS, n = 30). The diagnostic performances of single and combined biomarkers were assessed. In the developmental cohort, SRM‐based analysis revealed six protein biomarkers with significantly higher peptide ratios (endogenous vs. standard) in bile from MBS vs. BBS. In the verification cohort, five of these biomarkers proved good diagnostic ability (individual receiver operating characteristic‐area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC‐AUC) up to 0.889, accuracies from 67.8% to 83.1%). Combining bile biomarkers and serum CA19‐9 in 2 panels allowed differentiating MBS from BBS with up to 0.929 ROC‐AUC and 89.8% accuracy. In this study, a newly developed SRM‐based assay proved able to simultaneously quantify multiple biomarkers in bile samples. The combination of bile biomarkers with serum CA19‐9 was highly accurate for the diagnosis of MBS. Liquid biopsy of bile based on targeted MS is eligible to support MBS diagnosis in clinical practice.
Prolactin, a potential biomarker for chronic GVHD activity
Authors: Salas Maria Queralt , Ezzat Shereen , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun Datt , Pasic Ivan , Michelis Fotios V. , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , Gerbitz Armin , Al‐Shaibani Zeyad , Viswabandya Auro , Kumar Rajat , Mattsson Jonas , Lipton Jeffrey Howard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe polypeptide prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone and a cytokine mostly secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. PRL is also synthesized in extra pituitary tissues including thymocytes and T lymphocytes. Considering the need for chronic GVHD (cGVHD) biomarkers, we explored the relationship between hyperprolactinemia and active cGVHD in a cohort of long‐term post‐alloHCT survivors.MethodsThree‐hundred sixteen adults underwent alloHCT between 2010 and 2016, survived more than 1 year and were included. All patients underwent a regular annual assessment that includes a hormone profile with serum PRL levels.ResultsOverall, 236 (74.7%) patients had cGVHD, and in 199 (63%), the grade was moderate or severe. Sixty‐five (21%) recipients had active cGVHD at the time of the annual evaluation, and hyperprolactinemia was documented in 63 (19.9%) patients. Hyperprolactinemia correlated with cGVHD activity (Odds Ratio 6.9 (95% CI; 3.6‐13.1); P < .001) in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, patients with hyperprolactinemia were 6.4 times more likely to have active cGVHD in comparison with those patients with normal levels of PRL (P < .001).ConclusionProlactin may serve as a biomarker for cGVHD activity. Further studies are required to confirm these findings, and to explore if hyperprolactinemia has an impact on cGVHD severity and prognosis.
Environmental effects on the covariation among pace‐of‐life traits
Authors: Hämäläinen Anni M. , Guenther Anja , Patrick Samantha C. , Schuett Wiebke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPace‐of‐life syndromes (POLSs) are suites of life‐history, physiological and behavioural traits that arise due to trade‐offs between allocation to current and future reproduction. Traits generally show covariation that can arise from genetic and environmental influences on phenotypes and constrain the independent evolution of traits, resulting in fitness consequences and impacts on population dynamics. The notion that correlations among traits may vary among populations along environmental gradients suggests an important role for the environment in shaping and maintaining POLSs. However, no synthesis has been attempted of the myriad ways in which environmental factors should influence POLSs. Here, we formulate a series of hypotheses targeting the critical interfaces of the environment and life‐history ‐ behaviour associations across different organisms. We discuss the hypotheses in light of findings from a systematic review of studies that measured changes in the association between behaviour and life‐history traits as a function of environmental conditions. The review revealed that POLSs are often shaped by environmental variation, where harshness of the environment in early life has the most consistent effects on POLS. However, only partial or no effects of environmental variation were found in a number of studies, which may result from the highly variable study systems, traits and environments studied. We highlight promising directions arising from the available studies and identify knowledge gaps that, if unaddressed, will impede progress in the field.
COVID‐19 and the immediate impact on young people and employment in Australia: A gendered analysis
Authors: Churchill Brendan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractYoung people have been regarded as “not at risk” of coronavirus, but what about the economic impact of social distancing and “lockdowns” arising from the pandemic? How have young women fared in comparison to young men? To address these questions, this study draws upon data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, comparing young men and women and their older counterparts. The study also uses the Global Financial Crisis as a reference point to compare the immediate impact of COVID‐19 on young people. Results suggest that young people have been significantly impacted by COVID‐19 compared to older Australians. Young women in particular are being exposed to the economic fallout, especially those women in their 20s, wanting more work and more hours. COVID‐19 threatens to erode some of the gains women have made in recent decades in terms of participation unless governments act to provide opportunities and support for young women.
Suitability of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) combining with back propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) to predict printability of polysaccharide hydrogels 3D printing
Authors: Guo Chaofan , Zhang Min , Chen Huizhi 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe water state of polysaccharide hydrogel is closely related to its rheological properties, which is the critical parameter determining the printability of 3D printing. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) results showed that T23 (free water) values of polysaccharide hydrogels gradually decreased with increasing concentration, while the viscosity values exhibited a opposite trend. As concentration increased, the printed objects gradually changed from the fluid, which cannot form a shape, to a stable shape and then to a hydrogel of low fluidity that cannot print normally. Hydrogels became hard to extrude smoothly at the piston pressure higher than 428716 Pa. Back propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) nonlinear models established by taking the fingerprint LF‐NMR signal as input variables yielded good predicting ability of the piston pressure values (R2adj = 0.982) and printing scores (R2adj = 0.988). The BP‐ANN model based on LF‐NMR might be a promising approach to quickly predict the 3D printability of polysaccharide hydrogels.
Covered bonds, loan growth and bank funding: The Swiss experience since 1932
Authors: Meuli Jonas , Nellen Thomas , Nitschka Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe global financial crisis triggered discussions about what factors constitute a stable mortgage finance system. This paper contributes to these discussions by empirically analysing the Swiss mortgage finance system from a macroeconomic and banking sector balance sheet perspective. Our analysis is based on a novel and near‐comprehensive data set of mortgage bond (Swiss Pfandbrief) issuances over the sample period from 1932 to 2014. The empirical results suggest that growth in the volume of the Swiss Pfandbrief does not induce more loan growth than expected given the state of the economy and that compared with other bank refinancing activities, the Swiss Pfandbrief provides a stabilising source of funding.
The importance of organizational commitment in rural nurses' intent to leave
Authors: Stewart Norma J. , MacLeod Martha L. P. , Kosteniuk Julie G. , Olynick Janna , Penz Kelly L. , Karunanayake Chandima P. , Kulig Judith C. , Labrecque Mary Ellen , Morgan Debra G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine determinants of intention to leave a nursing position in rural and remote areas within the next year, for Registered Nurses or Nurse Practitioners (RNs/NPs) and Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs).DesignA pan‐Canadian cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe Nursing Practice in Rural and Remote Canada II survey (2014–2015) used stratified, systematic sampling and obtained two samples of questionnaire responses on intent to leave from 1,932 RNs/NPs and 1,133 LPNs. Separate logistic regression analyses were conducted for RNs/NPs and LPNs.ResultsFor RNs/NPs, 19.8% of the variance on intent to leave was explained by 11 variables; and for LPNs, 16.9% of the variance was explained by seven variables. Organizational commitment was the only variable associated with intent to leave for both RNs/NPs and LPNs.ConclusionsEnhancement of organizational commitment is important in reducing intent to leave and turnover. Since most variables associated with intent to leave differ between RNs/NPs and LPNs, the distinction of nurse type is critical for the development of rural‐specific turnover reduction strategies. Comparison of determinants of intent to leave in the current RNs/NPs analysis with the first pan‐Canadian study of rural and remote nurses (2001–2002) showed similarity of issues for RNs/NPs over time, suggesting that some issues addressing turnover remain unresolved.ImpactThe geographic maldistribution of nurses requires focused attention on nurses' intent to leave. This research shows that healthcare organizations would do well to develop policies targeting specific variables associated with intent to leave for each type of nurse in the rural and remote context. Practical strategies could include specific continuing education initiatives, tailored mentoring programs, and the creation of career pathways for nurses in rural and remote settings. They would also include place‐based actions designed to enhance nurses' integration with their communities and which would be planned together with communities and nurses themselves.