bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Solid–Liquid Phase Diagram of Binary Mixtures Dissolved in an Inert Oil: Application to Ternary Blends that Can Form Organogels
Authors: Schaink Hermanus M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA simple generalization of the Hildebrand equation is presented for the prediction of the solid–liquid phase diagram of a binary mixture of structuring agents dissolved in an inert liquid. The model is a thermodynamic interpolation between three well‐known limits: (1) the freezing depression curve of liquid A under influence of the addition of the solvent, (2) the freezing depression curve of liquid B under influence of the addition of the solvent, and (3) the binary solid–liquid phase diagram of substances A and B. The theory is shown to be valid as long as the freezing temperature of the liquid is well below the freezing temperatures of the structurants. The theory is compared to literature data for three different mixtures: (1) stearyl alcohol and stearic acid dissolved in sunflower oil, (2) hentriacontane+melissic acid in safflower oil, and (3) lauric acid + behenic acid in canola oil. The agreement between the thermodynamic calculation and experimental data is good. The solid–liquid phase behavior of glyceryl tristearate + stearic acid in edible oil is also studied. The location of the eutectic point of the latter system is predicted to shift toward an axis with zero tristearate concentration as the structurant concentration decreases from 50% to 5% (w/w).
Bioconversion of organosolv‐treated bamboo into biobutanol integrated with on‐site hydrolytic enzyme production
Authors: Xu Ning , He Aiyong , Xu Jiaxing , Xin Fengxue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to convert organosolv‐treated bamboo into biobutanol hydrolyzed by lignocellulosic enzyme mixtures produced on site through solid state fermentation (SSF). Higher xylanase and β‐xylosidase activity in crude hydrolytic enzyme mixtures produced from untreated bamboo under SSF contributed to a higher saccharification yield (76.1%) than commercial ones (67.3%). The modified organosolv pretreatment under mild conditions, without acid catalysts at 35 °C, could also improve the sugar yield from bamboo efficiently by reducing 29.8% of lignin content. Finally, in situ extraction using biodiesel as the extractant could improve the final butanol titer to 28.4 g L−1 with a yield of 0.24 g g−1 from the organosolv treated bamboo enzymatic hydrolysate, thus demonstrating the first investigation of biobutanol production from bamboo. The results suggested that a crude cellulase complex produced under SSF and organosolv pretreatment could efficiently provide bamboo hydrolysate for biobutanol production without commercial cellulase usage. This has potential for large‐scale biobutanol production from bamboo wastes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Novel spectrofluorimetric quantification of alogliptin benzoate in biofluids exploiting its interaction with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan
Authors: Aref Heba A. , Hammad Sherin F. , Darwish Khaled M. , Elgawish Mohammed S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe direct determination of alogliptin benzoate (ALO) using fluorescence has not yet been accomplished because ALO cannot fluoresce naturally. Accordingly, it should be derivatized first with a fluorogenic reagent to enhance the sensitivity required for its bioanalysis. This method is the first spectrofluorimetric assay for ALO quantification exploiting the nucleophilic nature of its amino group to react with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan (NBD‐Cl) in borate buffer at pH 8.5 to produce a strong fluorescent compound that is excited at and emits at wavelengths 470 and 527 nm, respectively. Experimental variables concerning the conditions of reaction and fluorogenic intensity were carefully investigated and optimized. Linearity was from 1–250 ng ml−1with a lower detection limit of 0.29 ng ml−1and a lower quantification limit of 0.88 ng ml−1. Validation of the current study was accomplished with mean per cent recovery of 100.62 ± 1.59 in tablets and 99.86 ± 0.82 in human plasma. Furthermore, the current method has been utilized in the bioanalysis of ALO in real rat plasma after oral administration with a simple specimen preparation. The developed method has proven to be a promising alternative method for ALO analysis in bioequivalence studies.
Measuring the impact of sustainability policy and practices in tourism and hospitality industry
Authors: Sakshi  , Shashi  , Cerchione Roberto , Bansal Harbhajan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the impact of environmental policy and training aspects on hotels' sustainability practices, as well as the impact of these practices on their environmental and financial performance. Based on survey data from 312 managers operating in tourism and hospitality industry, this study applies structural equation modelling. Empirical results reveal that hotels' environmental policy and training aspects are positively related to sustainability practices. Environmental communication has almost equal degree of impact on resource and energy conservation, whereas both resource conservation and energy conservation have a significant positive impact on both environmental and financial performance. The main findings of this research highlight that hotels are increasingly considering sustainability issues in their business models and strategies. These findings provide practical managerial implications for the development of tourism and hospitality industry in emerging countries.
Psychopathy in Italian female murderers
Authors: Carabellese Felice , Felthous Alan R. , Mandarelli Gabriele , Montalbò Domenico , Tegola Donatella La , Rossetto Ilaria , Franconi Filippo , Catanesi Roberto 
Published: November 2019

Over the years, the number of homicides in Italy has progressively decreased, ultimately becoming one of the lowest rates in Europe (357 = 0.7 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2017, according to ISTAT). The number of homicides committed by women was about 9% of the total number of homicides during our study period. The percentage has increased in recent years because the total number of homicides has decreased without a proportionate decrease in the number of female homicides. Indeed, murder is an unusual type of crime for a woman and is often associated with a mental disorder, so when a woman committed a homicide, a psychiatric assessment was often performed. A forensic psychiatry expert was assigned to investigate the offender's psychopathology and mental state at the time of the offense. The root causes of the crime remained unexplained, however, due to the lack of a psychiatric precedent to justify this kind of assessment. The role of psychopathy in homicide has seldom been studied in female offenders, even though psychopathy has an important role in violent crimes.The investigators examined, clinically and historically, a sample of women who committed murder with different levels of criminal responsibility (female homicide offenders found not guilty by reason of insanity, having partial criminal responsibility, and convicted as criminally responsible and sentenced to prison) to identify the prevalence of the psychopathic dimension and its possible role in this sample. Prevalence and degree of psychopathic traits were examined in these female offenders using the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised.This study showed that females who had committed homicide were likely to suffer from mental illness; most of the homicidal acts were committed impulsively; and most female homicides occurred within the family, especially among women who were psychotic, but less so if they were psychopathic. Psychopathy tended to co‐occur more with personality disorders than with psychotic psychopathology. Psychopathy was more evident among female homicide offenders who had been abused or traumatized. Psychopathic women who killed had high factor F1 scores and low antisocial component of factor F2.
Tips to make research teaching and learning enjoyable and productive for counsellors, psychotherapists and their tutors
Authors: Charura Divine , Hudson Chris 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article identifies the learning expectations and experiences of qualified counsellors and psychotherapists undertaking higher education awards with specific regard to research activity. Drawing on the current literature and some early findings from focus group research with students, combined with our personal and professional experiences, we identify what contributes to a productive research experience. This is used as a basis to provide tips for both teachers and those new to research to make counselling and psychotherapy research enjoyable and productive. A full research paper is in preparation.
A CHIP fellow's transition into practice: Building a complex coronary therapeutics program
Authors: Riley Robert F. , Henry Timothy D. , Kong James A. , Reginelli Joel P. , Kereiakes Dean J. , Grantham J. Aaron , Lombardi William L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBoth the prevalence and complexity of coronary artery disease are on the rise in the United States, leading to a resurgence in novel techniques and equipment utilized to treat complex coronary disease. However, declining percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volumes and lack of formal post‐graduate education opportunities have created a gap in treatment delivery for this patient population. Several complex, high‐risk, and indicated PCI (CHIP) fellowships have been developed in an attempt to bridge this disparity. We present data from the first year of practice from a former CHIP fellow during development of a formal complex coronary therapeutics program.MethodsData was prospectively collected for PCIs performed during the first 12 months of practice for the lead author and compared to procedures performed in the 12 months prior to the study period.ResultsOut of 371 PCIs performed during the study period, 53.4% (198/371) were considered complex, including 126 chronic total occlusion (CTO) procedures. Compared to the previous 12 months, there was a significant increase in the number and complexity (median J‐CTO score 2.1 vs. 1.3, p .04) of CTOs performed during the study period. CTO procedural characteristics and complication rates were similar to those previously published in large U.S. registries, with technical success in 93.4% (118/126) and procedural success in 85.7% (108/126).ConclusionFollowing dedicated CHIP fellowship training and establishment of a formal CHIP program, procedural success and complication rates were achieved similar to those published in prior studies evaluating CTO PCI at high volume centers.
Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Fusel Oil Using a CeCoOx Mixed‐Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Sumrunronnasak Sarocha , Reubroycharoen Prasert , Pimpha Nuttaporn , Chanlek Narong , Tantayanon Supawan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVarious CeCoOx mixed‐oxide catalysts with different Ce/Co ratios were prepared by surfactant‐assisted template precipitation of CeO2 and Ce3O4. The obtained catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction, nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. In general, the mixed‐oxide CeCoOx catalysts showed well‐dispersed CeO2 and Co3O4 and good catalytic characteristics including a high specific surface area and porous structure. The effectiveness of the prepared catalysts on the hydrogen (H2) production from steam reforming of fusel oil was studied in a packed‐bed reactor. Co played an important role in C–C scission to break down the large C2–5 molecules into smaller species resulting in H2 formation. Ce could provide supplementary active oxygen to prevent coke formation on Co, resulting in a more stable activity of the mixed‐oxide catalyst throughout the reaction course.
Control system optimization of spillage brake based on RBF neural network
Authors: An Xiaogang , Zhu Weiwei , An Na 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAiming at the actual production needs of the Dadingzi mountain hydro‐junction, this paper studies the optimal control of the flood discharge system. From the angle of ensuring the opening and closing of the flood discharge gate, the control system of the sluice is designed reasonably, the intelligent control strategy is put forward, and the optimized RBF neural network based PID parameters are used to control the operating mode of the opening and closing machine in the flood sluice operation process, so as to further improve the reliability of the flood discharge gate. The proposed control approach of sluice gates provides a new control mode for the navigation and electric power junction.
Effects of the Chodura sheath on tungsten ionization and emission in tokamak divertors
Authors: Guterl J. , Johnson C. , Ennis D. , Loche S. , Snyder P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe decay of the electric potential in the sheath region in tokamak divertors occurs on a scale length on the order of the main ion gyroradius (Chodura sheath) due to magnetic fields lines intersecting the divertor plates at grazing incidence. As a consequence, high‐Z impurities like tungsten ionize within the sheath region in attached plasma conditions. The modification of the electron distribution in the sheath region must thus be taken into account to accurately model ionization and emission of impurities within the sheath region. To that end, an analytical expression of the distribution of the vertical ionization path for impurities sputtered from divertor plasma‐facing components is derived. This expression is then used to estimate the fraction of neutral impurities ionizing within the sheath and the average vertical ionization path, and to derive an effective SXB (the number of ionizations per emitted photon) coefficient which includes the effects of the variation of the electron distribution in the sheath region. These results are applied to tungsten impurities sputtered from divertor plates. It is shown that the SXB coefficient for neutral tungsten is significantly reduced in high‐density attached divertor plasma conditions (ne ≳ 5 × 1013 cm−3) because of the ionization of neutral tungsten well within the sheath region.
The effect of various pre‐treatment methods of chromium leather shavings in continuous biogas production
Authors: Gomes Carolina Scaraffuni , Repke Jens‐Uwe , Meyer Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring leather manufacture, high amounts of chromium shavings, wet by‐products of the leather industry, are produced worldwide. They are stable towards temperatures of up to 110°C and enzymatic degradation, preventing anaerobic digestion in a biogas plant. Hitherto, chromium shavings are not utilized industrially to produce biogas. In order to ease enzymatic degradation, necessary to produce biogas, a previous denaturation of the native structure has to be carried out. In our projects, chromium shavings were pre‐treated thermally and mechanically by extrusion and hydrothermal methods. In previous works, we intensively studied the use of these shavings to produce biogas in batch scale and significant improvement was reached when using pre‐treated shavings. In this work, a scale‐up of the process was performed in a continuous reactor using pre‐treated and untreated chromium shavings to examine the feasibility of the considered method. Measuring different parameters along the anaerobic digestion, namely organic matter, collagen content, and volatile fatty acids content, it was possible to show that a higher methane production can be reached and a higher loading rate can be used when feeding the reactor with pre‐treated shavings instead of untreated chromium shavings, which means a more economical and efficient process in an industrial scenario.
A qualitative exploration of the views of patients and their relatives regarding interventions to minimize the distress related to postoperative delirium
Authors: Meilak Catherine , Biswell Elizabeth , Willis Rosalind , Partridge Judith , Dhesi Jugdeep 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundPostoperative delirium (POD) is common in older people and can be distressing for patients and their relatives. This study aimed to describe the experience of postoperative delirium and explore the views of patients and relatives in order to inform the codesign of an intervention to minimize distress related to postoperative delirium.MethodsQualitative study using a thematic analysis of semistructured interviews in patients (n = 11) and relatives (n = 12) who experienced and witnessed POD, respectively.ResultsPatients and relatives find POD distressing and desire information on the cause and consequences of delirium. This information should be delivered pre‐emptively where possible for patients and relatives during the episode for relatives and in post episode follow up for patients and their families. Information should be provided in person by a health care professional who has experience in managing delirium, supplemented by written materials. In addition, participants suggested training to improve staff and public awareness of delirium.ConclusionsThis qualitative study showed that patients and relatives find delirium distressing, report the need for an intervention to minimize this distress, and enabled codesign of a pilot intervention. Refinement and evaluation of this intervention should form the next step in this program of work.
The diagnostic value of cytology in parotid Warthin's tumors: international multicenter series
Authors: Borsetto Daniele , Fussey Jonathan M. , Cazzador Diego , Smith Joel , Ciorba Andrea , Pelucchi Stefano , Donà Sara , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Tomasoni Michele , Lombardi Davide , Nicolai Piero , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Colangeli Roberta , Emanuelli Enzo , Osborne Max S. , Ahsan Syed F. , Tofanelli Margherita , Tirelli Giancarlo , McNamara Katherine , Liew Leonard , Harrison Katherine , Fassina Ambrogio , Sarcognato Samantha , Sharma Neil , Rao Kanishka , Pracy Paul , Nankivell Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionWarthin's tumor (WT) is a common benign salivary gland neoplasm with a negligible risk of malignant transformation. However, there is a risk of malignant tumors being misdiagnosed as WT on cytology and inappropriately managed conservatively.MethodsPatients from nine centers in Italy and the United Kingdom undergoing parotid surgery for cytologically diagnosed WT were included in this multicenter retrospective series. Definitive histology was compared with preoperative cytological diagnoses. Surgical complications were recorded.ResultsA total of 496 tumors were identified. In 88.9%, the final histological diagnosis was WT. In 21 cases (4.2%) a malignant neoplasm was diagnosed, which had been incorrectly labeled as WT on cytology.ConclusionsThe risk of undiagnosed malignancy should be balanced against surgical risks when considering the management of WT. Although nonsurgical management remains an appropriate option, there may be a rationale for serial clinical or radiological evaluation if surgical excision is not performed.
Improved identification and differentiation from epileptiform activity of human hippocampal sharp wave ripples during NREM sleep
Authors: Jiang Xi , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Cash Sydney S. , Chauvel Patrick , Gale John , Halgren Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn rodents, pyramidal cell firing patterns from waking may be replayed in nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) sleep during hippocampal sharp wave ripples (HC‐SWR). In humans, HC‐SWR have only been recorded with electrodes implanted to localize epileptogenicity. Here, we characterize human HC‐SWR with rigorous rejection of epileptiform activity, requiring multiple oscillations and coordinated sharp waves. We demonstrated typical SWR in those rare HC recordings which lack interictal epileptiform spikes (IIS) and with no or minimal seizure involvement. These HC‐SWR have a similar rate (~12 min−1 on average, variable across NREM stages and anterior/posterior HC) and apparent intra‐HC topography (ripple maximum in putative stratum pyramidale, slow wave in radiatum) as rodents, though with lower frequency (~85 Hz compared to ~140 Hz in rodents). Similar SWR are found in HC with IIS, but no significant seizure involvement. These SWR were modulated by behavior, being largely absent (<2 min−1) except during NREM sleep in both Stage 2 (~9 min−1) and Stage 3 (~15 min−1), distinguishing them from IIS. This study quantifies the basic characteristics of a strictly selected sample of SWR recorded in relatively healthy human hippocampi.
Exploring the difference between implied volatilities of options embedded in convertible bonds and exchange‐traded options and its contributing factors
Authors: Sae‐Sue Tanawit , Sinthawat Supawut , Srivisal Narapong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe convertible feature attached to a newly issued bond represents an embedded option whose value is determined by firm. The embedded option's implied volatility reflects the firm's view of its stock price risk which may differ from that of the market reflected in the exchange‐traded option. If such a gap in implied volatilities exists, it may create arbitrage opportunity for investors. Hence, we determined the gap between the implied volatilities extracted from the U.S. exchange‐traded option and embedded option and investigated its potential contributing factors, including corporate variables (price‐to‐book, market capitalization, cost of debt, debt‐to‐equity) and bond variables (maturity, default probability). The result showed that, during 2014–2016, the difference existed and was attributed to the firm's market capitalization. Our finding suggests the potential arbitrage opportunity in the debt, equity, and convertible instruments of small market capitalization firms.
Examining the blood amino acid status in pretherapeutic patients with hyperphenylalaninemia
Authors: Liang Lili , Ye Jun , Han Lianshu , Qiu Wenjuan , Zhang Huiwen , Yu Yongguo , Zhu Tianwen , Xu Feng , Zhan Xia , Bao Peizhong , Ji Wenjun , Gu Xuefan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperphenylalaninemia is the most common genetic metabolic disease. Early treatment prevents brain injury effectively. The present study aimed to detect the exact amino acid status of patients with hyperphenylalaninemia before treatment.MethodsData of 116 newborn patients from our Newborn Screening Center and 161 older patients from our clinic before treatment were collected. The content of 17 amino acids in their blood was determined by tandem mass spectrometry and compared with normal controls. Relationship between phenylalanine and other amino acids in patients was analyzed using the smoothing curve fitting and threshold effect analysis.ResultsMost amino acids in the blood of patients were within the normal range; however, they were different significantly from those of the normal children. Newborn patients showed higher phenylalanine (346.30 vs 45.90 µmol/L), valine (121.50 vs 110.30 µmol/L), citrulline, ornithine and lower tyrosine (52.97 vs 66.12 µmol/L), threonine (68.68 vs 78.21 µmol/L), glutamine levels than observed in normal newborns. Older patients showed significantly higher phenylalanine (844.00 vs 51.82 µmol/L), valine (117.60 vs 110.90 µmol/L), histidine, serine and lower tyrosine (55.97 vs 67.31 µmol/L), threonine (35.94 vs 51.89 µmol/L), alanine, asparagine, glutamic acid, methionine, arginine, glycine, ornithine, glutamine content than found in matched normal children. Tyrosine, valine, ornithine, and threonine in newborn patients and tyrosine, glycine, glutamine, and threonine in older patients had a nonlinear correlation with phenylalanine levels with obvious threshold effect and clear inflection points.ConclusionSignificant difference was observed in the amino acid status between pretherapeutic hyperphenylalaninemia patients and normal children. Some amino acids showed notable threshold effect with phenylalanine level in a nonlinear pattern.