bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attributing motives to others: Children's and adults' explanations of interpersonal events
Authors: Pillow Bradford H. , Lovett Suzanne B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo experiments examined first, third, and fifth graders, (seventh graders in Experiment 2), and adults' ratings of an actor's mood, instrumental, social, and a variety of simple and complex psychological goals as explanations of an actor's positive or negative behaviour toward a recipient in the absence (Experiment 1) or presence of bystanders (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, for positive stories, third graders to adults rated psychological as more likely than instrumental goals; for negative stories, all age groups rated instrumental goals as most likely. In Experiment 2, for positive stories, first graders to adults favoured direct psychological goals (recipient's emotion); for negative stories, third graders to adults favoured indirect psychological goals (bystander's thought about actor or actor's emotional state). By early elementary school, children differentiate among specific goals when explaining actions. Older children and adults recognize that behaviour may be motivated by indirect as well as direct goals.Highlights
Do children recognize the plausibility of goal explanations, particularly psychological‐goal explanations, when explaining interpersonal actions?
In Experiment 1, using a rating‐scale approach, even third graders preferred psychological and social goals as explanations for positive interpersonal behaviour but all ages preferred instrumental‐goal explanations for negative interpersonal actions. In Experiment 2, all age groups recognized the plausibility of direct psychological‐goal explanations, but only seventh graders and adults also recognized indirect‐psychological‐goal explanations.
Even early elementary school children recognize the plausibility of explanations involving psychological goals but only older children and adults recognize higher‐order mental‐state explanations that span multiple people or roles.
Sociospatial ties and postdisaster reconstruction: An analysis of the assemblage in the mega‐fire of Valparaíso
Authors: Berroeta Héctor , Pinto de Carvalho Laís , Castillo‐Sepúlveda Jorge , Opazo Luis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDisasters affect sociospatial links in a dynamic and unstable meshwork of aspects that are reconfigured. In this sense, accounting for this complexity is central to analyze the transformation of the sociospatial linkage of the affected people and communities. Addressing from community environmental psychology, we propose the concept of assemblage to guide a situated reading of subjective, material, and community aspects present in a reconstruction process after a disaster. Following a qualitative methodology, using spatially referenced narrative interviews (n = 16) and thematic analysis, it is described how these links are presented in a community that lived the mega‐fire of a part of the city of Valparaíso in Chile. The results describe that the experience of being a community is a variable flow within a process defined by an ever‐emerging configuration of spatial, technological, personal, social, and sensory characteristics. We conclude by pointing out the qualities of the communities when considered from an assemblage perspective.
Development and validation of an HPLC‐DAD method for determination of oleuropein and other bioactive compounds in olive leaf by‐products
Authors: Martínez‐Navarro Esther M , Cebrián‐Tarancón Cristina , Moratalla‐López Natalia , Lorenzo Cándida , Alonso Gonzalo L , Salinas Rosario M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOil mills could benefit by preparing their own aqueous extracts from olive leaves. Accordingly, the present study aimed to measure the bioactive compounds richness of such extracts, especially oleuropein. A water‐based microwave extraction procedure was developed and a selective and precise high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) method was validated for the determination of oleuropein and others bioactive compounds from olive leaves.RESULTSThe water solubility of oleuropein was determined to be 9.5 g L−1. The extraction procedure was optimized in terms of power, olive leaf weight/water volume ratio and time of extraction, and the results revealed that 2 mg mL−1 and a microwave irradiation at 800 W for 30 s resulted in the greatest efficiency. Oleuropein was determined by the new validation method, which showed good linearity (r2 = 0.996), precision (% relative standard deviation < 10%), recovery (118.6%), and limits of detection (17.48 mg L−1) and quantification (21.54 mg L−1). Good correlation (r2 = 0.979) was obtained between oleuropein of the olive leaf extracts determined by HPLC‐DAD and by UV‐visible spectrophotometry.CONCLUSIONA simple extraction method was developed and validated to obtain aqueous extract from olive leaves by microwave extraction, determining for the first time oleuropein water solubility. Validation of the method showed that oleuropein in olive leaves could be quantified when it is at least 1% of dry weight by means of HPLC‐DAD. UV‐visible spectrophotometry can be useful in oil mills because it enables the content of oleuropein and other bioactive compounds content to be determined in situ in such leaf aqueous extracts. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonoelastographic Assessment of the Uterine Cervix in the Prediction of Imminent Delivery in Singleton Nulliparous Women Near Term
Authors: Rizzo Giuseppe , Pietrolucci Maria Elena , Mappa Ilenia , Bitsadze Victoria , Khizroeva Jamilya , Makatsariya Alexander , D'Antonio Francesco 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo explore the role of newly developed software to assess cervical sonoelastography in predicting the onset of spontaneous delivery in singleton pregnancies at term and to compare its diagnostic performance with that provided by the cervical length (CL) and posterior cervical angle (PCA).MethodsThis work was a prospective study including nulliparous singleton pregnancies at gestational ages of 37 weeks to 38 weeks 6 days. The CL, PCA, hardness ratio (HR), and mean strain from the internal os and external os were obtained by a transvaginal ultrasound approach using semiautomatic software (E‐Cervix; Samsung Medison Co, Ltd, Seoul, Korea). Multivariate logistic regression and area under the curve analyses were used to test the strength of the association and the diagnostic performance of the variables considered in predicting delivery within 7 days.ResultsA total of 398 women were included, and 24.6% delivered within 7 days. The CL was shorter (19.5 versus 2 7 mm; P = .0001), PCA narrower (99° versus 102°; P = .02) HR lower (35.3 versus 40.7; P = .0001), mean strain from the external os higher (0.41 versus 0.35; P = .0001), and mean strain from the internal os higher (0.38 versus 0.33; P = .0001) higher in women who delivered within 7 days from the assessment. At the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the CL (adjusted odds ratio, 1.307) and HR (adjusted odds ratio, 1.227) were the only variables independently associated with delivery within 1 week. A model combining the CL and HR showed an area under the curve of 0.873 in predicting delivery within 7 days, higher than that obtained by using the CL and HR singularly (P ≤ .0001).ConclusionsThe HR assessed by sonoelastography improves the efficacy of the CL in predicting imminent delivery in nulliparous women close to term.
Combined kinetic analysis of solid‐state reactions: The integral method (ICKA)
Authors: Casal M.D. , Marbán Gregorio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we propose the first Integral method for the Combined Kinetic Analysis (ICKA) of solid‐state reactions typically performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The ICKA method prevents the systematic inaccuracies inherent to all the differential methods, including the standard CKA method. Two main achievements have been made for implementing the method: (1) the most accurate approximation for the general temperature integral yet developed, and (2) a general integral form of the kinetic model of the type g (α) = (abcZ)−1 [1 − (1 − αa)b]c, where Z is a parameter evaluated together with the preexponential factor and a, b, and c are fitting parameters. This expression allows any known kinetic model to be exactly or very closely reproduced. Together, the two developments yield an equation for the conversion, α, that has been successfully fitted to simulated conversion values of single‐step reaction processes following different kinetic models. The curve fitting resulted in the same values of the kinetic and model parameters as those from which the simulated conversion curves were originally built, proving the validity of the ICKA method.
Vocal Tradeoffs in Anterior Glottoplasty for Voice Feminization
Authors: Titze Ingo R. , Palaparthi Anil , Mau Ted 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisAnterior (Wendler) glottoplasty has become a popular surgery for voice feminization. However, there has been some discrepancy between its theoretical pitch‐raising potential and what is actually achievable, and downsides to shortening the glottis have not been fully explored. In addition, descriptions of the surgery are inconsistent in their treatment of the vocal ligament. This study aimed to determine 1) how fundamental frequency (fo) is expected to vary with length of anterior glottic fixation, 2) the impact of glottic shortening on sound pressure level (SPL), and 3) the effect of including the ligament in fixation.Study DesignComputational simulation.MethodsVoice production was simulated in a fiber‐gel finite element computational model using canonical male vocal fold geometry incorporating a three‐layer vocal fold composition (superficial lamina propria, vocal ligament, and thyroarytenoid muscle). Progressive anterior glottic fixation (0, 1/8, 2/8, 3/8, etc. up to 7/8 of membranous vocal fold length) was simulated. Outcome measures were fo, SPL, and glottal flow waveforms.Resultsfo increased from 110 Hz to 164 Hz when the anterior one‐half vocal fold was fixed and continued to progressively rise with further fixation. SPL progressively decreased beyond 1/8 to 1/4 fixation. Inclusion of the vocal ligament in fixation did not further increase fo. Any fixation increased aperiodicity in the acoustic signal.ConclusionsThe optimal length of fixation is a compromise between pitch elevation and reduction in output acoustic power. The simulation also provided a potential explanation for vocal roughness that is sometimes noted after anterior glottoplasty.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:1081–1087, 2021
Application of the Spider Limb Positioner to Subscapular System Free Flaps
Authors: Bender‐Heine Adam , Young Gavin , Moy Jennifer , Weedman Savannah , Wax Mark K. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the application and surgical time savings of the Spider Limb Positioner for subscapular system free flaps in head and neck reconstructive surgery.MethodsSingle institution retrospective chart review and analysis of patients between 2011 and 2019 that underwent a subscapular system free flap either with or without use of the Spider Limb Positioner. One hundred five patients in total were reviewed with 53 patients in the Spider group. The surgical times were compared between the two groups. Patient‐specific information regarding average age, laterality of donor site, recipient site, gender, and flap type were reviewed.ResultsForty‐one patients in both groups underwent a latissimus free flap. Twelve of 53 in the Spider group and 11/52 in the control group underwent a scapula free flap. The average age in the Spider group at the time of surgery was 64 years. The recipient sites for the Spider groups were reviewed. The free flap was ipsilateral to the defect in 81% of cases. The mean surgical time for the 105 patients without the Spider was 568 minutes versus 486 minutes with a Spider P‐value of .003478.ConclusionUse of the Spider Limb Positioner allows for a simultaneous two‐team approach during free flap elevation of the subscapular system, which eliminates both dependence on an assistant to support the arm and time consuming positioning changes during flap elevation.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:525–528, 2021
Method of Preparation of Soluble PEDOT: Self‐Polymerization of EDOT without Oxidant at Room Temperature
Authors: Tomšík Elena , Ivanko Iryna , Svoboda Jan , Šeděnková Ivana , Zhigunov Alexander , Hromádková Jiřina , Pánek Jiří , Lukešová Miroslava , Velychkivska Nadiia , Janisová Larysa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe preparation of soluble conducting polymers proceeds by the chemical oxidation method in the presence of water‐soluble polyelectrolytes. Among conducting polymers, polyethylene‐(3,4‐dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is the most investigated due to its intrinsic properties. In this work, for the first time a simple method of ethylene‐(3,4‐dioxythiophne) self‐polymerization without applying any oxidant and with the formation of PEDOT solution at room temperature with a yield of 100% is presented. This PEDOT solution could be deposited on many desirable surfaces (by simple evaporation of the solvent) for various applications from photovoltaic cell to pseudocapacitors. Moreover, it is discovered that the self‐polymerization method does not produce byproducts, which makes the method environmentally friendly. The effect of light and different acids is explored. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of PEDOT by the self‐polymerization method. Moreover, this method provides a way to obtain and study individual PEDOT chains. The self‐polymerization method may be applied for the preparation of other conducting polymers.
Echo‐Focusing in Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Jones Ryan M. , Huang Yuexi , Meng Ying , Scantlebury Nadia , Schwartz Michael L. , Lipsman Nir , Hynynen Kullervo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) systems currently employ computed tomography (CT)–based aberration corrections, which may provide suboptimal trans‐skull focusing.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate a contrast agent microbubble imaging‐based transcranial focusing method, echo‐focusing (EF), during TcMRgFUS for essential tremor.MethodsA clinical trial of TcMRgFUS thalamotomy using EF for the treatment of essential tremor was conducted (NCT03935581; funded by InSightec [Tirat Carmel, Israel]). Patients (n = 12) were injected with Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA) microbubbles, and EF was performed using a research feature add‐on to a commercial TcMRgFUS system (ExAblate Neuro, InSightec). Subablative thermal sonications carried out using (1) EF and (2) CT‐based aberration corrections were compared via magnetic resonance thermometry, and the optimal focusing method for each patient was employed for TcMRgFUS thalamotomy.ResultsEF aberration corrections provided increased sonication efficiency, decreased focal size, and equivalent targeting accuracy relative to CT‐based focusing. EF aberration corrections were employed successfully for lesion formation in all 12 patients, 3 of whom had previously undergone unsuccessful TcMRgFUS thalamotomy via CT‐based focusing. There were no adverse events related directly to the EF procedure.ConclusionsEF is feasible and appears safe during TcMRgFUS thalamotomy for essential tremor and improves on the trans‐skull focal quality provided by existing CT‐based focusing methods. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Improved estimation of global solar radiation over rugged terrains by the disaggregation of Satellite Applications Facility on Land Surface Analysis data (LSA SAF)
Authors: Fibbi Luca , Maselli Fabio , Pieri Maurizio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a new method to predict global solar radiation over irregular terrain, named Estimation of global solar RADiation (ERAD). The method is based on the disaggregation of Satellite Applications Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA SAF) data using a digital elevation model and is applied in Italy with a time step of 1 min and a spatial resolution of 200 m. A quantitative assessment of ERAD is performed in comparison with three other standard methods (Mountain Microclimate Simulation Model [MTCLIM], LSA SAF and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service [CAMS]) using measurements taken in 43 stations located in Italy or in the surrounding countries, in the years 2005–2016. Such assessment concerns the irradiance incoming on a horizontal surface, which is measured by ground radiation sensors and is summarized by means of four accuracy statistics (i.e. mean absolute error [MAE], root mean square error [RMSE], coefficient of determination [R2] and mean bias error [MBE]). Overall, the average daily global solar radiation estimates obtained by ERAD have RMSE and R2 about 25 W·m−2 and 0.943, respectively. These statistics are similar to those of LSA SAF and better than those of CAMS and, above all, MTCLIM. The bias analysis by elevation ranges shows a slight ERAD overestimation over plains and hills and a slight underestimation over mountains. An additional qualitative assessment shows how the ERAD radiation estimates are more spatially detailed than those of the other methods and are redistributed on inclined surfaces consistently with expectations.
Balanced four‐pole frequency‐agile bandpass filter with constant absolute bandwidth and four transmission zeros
Authors: Li Zhiyou , Tang Xiaohong , Liu Yong , Lu Di , Cai Zongqi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this letter, a four‐pole balanced frequency‐agile bandpass filter (BAL‐FA‐BPF) with constant absolute bandwidth (CABW) and four transmission zeros (TZs) is reported. This design is based on the advanced coupling matrix technique which ensures the realization of CABW for the filter. The fully‐canonical coupling topology with cross‐coupling and source‐load coupling is adopted, which introduces four TZs for the differential‐mode passband. The tunable half‐wavelength resonators are used and loaded by resistors, which effectively enhances the common‐mode (CM) suppression. The demonstrative BAL‐FA‐BPF has a frequency tuning range of 1.92‐2.97 GHz (42.9%) and keeps the absolute bandwidth within 167 ± 3.7 MHz (2.2%) over entire the FTR. CM suppression is better than 40 dB.
Growth and Clinical Outcomes of Very Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants Receiving Acidified vs Nonacidified Liquid Human Milk Fortifiers
Authors: Cordova Erika G. , Soldateli Betina , Rosner Bernard , Drouin Kaitlin , Davitt Emma , Pepin Hunter L. , Ellard Deirdre M. , Yu Angela , Bell Katherine , Belfort Mandy Brown 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiquid human milk fortifiers are used commonly in neonatal intensive care. Use of an acidified HMF (A‐HMF) is associated with transient metabolic acidosis, but whether growth outcomes differ between infants fed A‐HMF vs nonacidified HMF (NA‐HMF) remains unknown.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 255 infants born at <33 weeks' gestation and ≤1500 g who were receiving ≥75% fortified human milk on day of life 14, in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May 2015 to December 2018. Infants born before October 2017 (n = 165) received A‐HMF, whereas infants born after October 2017 (n = 90) received NA‐HMF. We used logistic regression to estimate odds of metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate <16 mEq/L in the first 21 days of life) in infants receiving A‐HMF vs NA‐HMF and linear mixed models to compare the mean size at discharge (weight, length, head z‐scores) by HMF type. We adjusted models for confounders and accounted for the nonindependence of multiple births.ResultsMedian gestational age was 28.7 weeks (range, 22.6–32.9) and birth weight 1.1 kg (range, 0.4–1.5). Infants receiving A‐HMF had higher adjusted odds of metabolic acidosis than infants receiving NA–HMF (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2–6.2). There were no differences between groups in size z‐scores at discharge.ConclusionsIn human‐milkfed, very‐low‐birthweight infants, fortification with liquid A‐HMF may contribute to metabolic acidosis in the first month of life, but this practice does not appear to impair growth through NICU discharge, compared with fortification with NA‐HMF.
Nitrogen‐Containing Hydrochar: The Influence of Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds on the Hydrochar Formation
Authors: Alhnidi Muhammad‐Jamal , Körner Paul , Wüst Dominik , Pfersich Jens , Kruse Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of fructose and urea containing solutions was conducted at 180 °C to study the influence of nitrogen‐containing compounds on the conversion process and HTC products properties. The concentration of fructose was fixed, while the concentration of urea was gradually increased to study its influence on the formation of nitrogen‐containing hydrochar (N−HC). The degradation of urea has an important influence on the HTC of fructose. The Maillard reaction (MR) promotes the formation of N−HC in acidic conditions. However, in alkaline conditions, MR promotes the formation of bio‐oil at the expense of N−HC. Alkaline conditions reduce N−HC yield by catalyzing fragmentation reactions of fructose and by promoting the isomerization of fructose to glucose. The results showed that adjusting the concentration of nitrogen‐containing compounds or the pH value of the reaction environment is important to force the reaction toward the formation of N−HC or N‐bio‐oil.
Patient and proxy reports regarding the experience of treatment decision‐making in cancer care
Authors: Roydhouse Jessica K. , Gutman Roee , Wilson Ira B. , Kehl Kenneth L. , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveShared decision‐making, including the elicitation of patient preferences regarding treatment decisions, is considered part of high‐quality cancer care. However, patients may not be able to self‐report due to illness, and therefore proxy reports may be used. We sought to determine the difference between proxy and patient reports about patient decisions and preferences among patients who received or were scheduled for chemotherapy using data from a large, population‐based survey of patients with incident lung or colorectal cancer.MethodsOf 3573 patients who received or were scheduled for chemotherapy, 3108 self‐reported and 465 had proxies reporting on their behalf about preferred and actual decision roles regarding this treatment. Preferred and actual decision roles were assessed using the Control Preferences Scale, and categorized as shared, patient‐controlled, or doctor‐controlled. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between patient and proxy responses and whether preferences were met. The models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables and patient/proxy‐reported health status.ResultsSixty‐three percent of all respondents reported actual roles in decisions that matched their preferred roles (role attainment). Proxies and patients were similarly likely to report role attainment (65% vs 63%). In adjusted analyses, proxies were more likely report role attainment (OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.02‐1.59), but this difference was smaller if health variables were excluded from the model (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 0.92‐1.41).ConclusionMost patients' preferences for treatment participation were met. Surveys from proxies appear to yield small differences on the reports of attainment of preferred treatment decision‐making roles in cancer care vs surveys from patients.