bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A HPTLC Method for Determination of Anethole in Essential Oil, Methanolic Extract of Foeniculum vulgare and Commercial Herbal Products
Authors: Alam Prawez , Alqarni Mohammad H. , Alam Pravej , Foudah Ahmed I. , Ghazwani Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

A rapid and feasible method of HPTLC is standardized for quantification of anethole in essential oil’s extract and from herbal formulations of fennel seed. The developed densitometric HPTLC method was performed to estimate the existence of anethole in the essential oil, extract and herbal formulations of fennel with the optimized concentration of hexane: Ethyl acetate (8:2%, v/v, mobile phase) on glass coated silica gel 60 F254 plates (20 × 10 cm) scanned with the absorbance of λ260 nm under densitometric condition. The Linearity of regressions revealed a satisfactory relationship between peak area and concentration of anethole in between the range of 100-600 ng/spot. This reliable method was validated as per the ICH guidelines to fulfill the necessary parameters such as accuracy and robustness. The amount of anethole in essential oil (0.098 ± 0.002%), extract (0.101 ± 0.004%) and three herbal formulations A (0.024 ± 0.004%), C (0.019 ± 0.002%) while anethole is not detected in B formulations from fennel seed was completely estimated by the developed method. The standardized methods and its validation gave new insights of HPTLC based detection and quantification of anethole in other aromatic plants as well as in other pharmacological formulations.
Potential Anticancer Effects of Aged Garlic Extract and its Water-soluble Organosulfur Compounds
Authors: Alkreathy Huda Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

Background: Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally; it often leads to a steep rise in healthcare expenses. It is a known fact that various dietary ingredients such as aged garlic is an active anticancer agent, and its extracts do not have a strong odor and pungent taste.
Purpose: This review summarizes the potential beneficial effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its water-soluble organosulfur compounds on the cancer incidences, and in the prevention and improvement of malignancy factors.
Methods: The study utilizes systematic reviews on publications of previous studies obtained from scholarly journal databases including PubMed, Medline, Ebsco Host, Google Scholar and Cochrane. The study utilizes secondary information based on the studies conducted in cancer cell lines, animal and humans as there are increasing evidence of the efficacy of AGE and AGE-derived water-soluble organosulfur compounds in cancer and other malignancies.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Although animal and laboratory results were mostly consistent, there is variable evidence from human studies. The overall findings suggest that consumption of AGE and AGE-derived organosulfur compounds can offer significant protection against cancer. In our review, we found that there are shortcomings in various studies. Therefore, we recommend that more investigations are necessary to establish whether aged garlic extract could be considered for cancer prevention.
A Study of Estimation and Analysis of Anti HBs Titre in Adolescent Children in Corrleation with Socio Demographic Profile
Authors: Jerry T. Antony Leo , Sundari S. , Ramesh Shanthi 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Viruses are the most common causative agents of hepatitis today and infect many millions of individuals annually. Viral hepatitis encompasses several diseases and represents a global health problem. It induces major morbidity and mortality and places enormous demands on economic and medical resources.
Aim of the Study: Analysis of Anti Hbs Titre in Unimmunised Adolescent Children in Correlation with Socio-Demographic Profile.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from April 2017 to March 2018. Vaccinated and unvaccinated (for Hepatitis B vaccine) adolescents between the age group of 10-19 years, who attended the department of Pediatrics, were included in this study. 160 adolescents who were vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine and 160 adolescents who were unvaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine in the age group of 10-19 years. A total of 320 adolescents were included in the study. The correlation was done between two group based on socio-demographic data.
Results: Among the mothers, 10.93% (35) were illiterates, 25.62% (82) had finished primary school. 33.44% (107) and 21.56% (69) had done middle school and higher secondary school (HSS) respectively. 8.45% (27) were graduates. In the study it was found that 7.19% (23) of fathers were illiterates, 23.44% (75) had stopped with primary school and 18.43% (59) with middle school. 34.69% (111) have done HSS and 16.25% (52) were graduates. Of total adolescents who participated in 25.63% (82) were from rural areas and 74.37% (238) were from urban areas. Among participants, 49.37% (158) belong to lower and 30.63% (98) belonged to lower middle class. The middle class and the upper middle class had 9.06% (29) and 10.94% (35) respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study show the need for catch up vaccination among the adolescent's population, who missed their routine immunization with Hepatitis B vaccine. For health care professionals, this study is a evidence that stresses more about the importance of providing Hepatitis B vaccination among adolescents.
Adaptive fuzzy finite‐time fault‐tolerant control of nonlinear systems with state constraints and input quantization
Authors: Lu Changxin , Pan Yingnan , Liu Yang , Li Hongyi 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article concentrates on an adaptive finite‐time fault‐tolerant fuzzy tracking control problem for nonstrict feedback nonlinear systems with input quantization and full‐state constraints. By utilizing the fuzzy logic systems and less adjustable parameters method, the unknown nonlinear functions are addressed in each step process. In addition, a dynamic surface control technique combined with fuzzy control is introduced to tackle the variable separation problem. The problem for the effect of quantization and unlimited number of actuator faults is tackled by a damping term with smooth function in the intermediate control law. Finite‐time stability is achieved by combining barrier Lyapunov functions and backstepping method. The finite‐time controller is designed such that all the responses of the systems are semiglobal practical finite‐time stable and ensured to remain in the predefined compact sets while tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin in finite time. Finally, simulation examples are utilized to testify the validity of the investigated strategy.
Disturbance observer‐based adaptive boundary iterative learning control for a rigid‐flexible manipulator with input backlash and endpoint constraint
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang , Zheng Gang 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this article, an observer‐based adaptive boundary iterative learning control law is developed for a class of two‐link rigid‐flexible manipulator with input backlash, the unknown external disturbance, and the endpoint constraint. To tackle the backlash nonlinearities and ensure the vibration suppression, the disturbance observers based upon the iterative learning conception are considered in the adaptive boundary control design. A barrier Lyapunov function is incorporated with boundary control law to restrict the endpoint state. Based on the defined barrier composite energy function, the tracking angle error convergence of the rigid part is guaranteed, and the vibrations of the flexible part are suppressed through the rigorous analysis. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Modulating T Cell Activation Using Depth Sensing Topographic Cues
Authors: Chaudhuri Parthiv Kant , Wang Mitchell S. , Black Charles T. , Huse Morgan , Kam Lance C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis report examines how sensing of substrate topography can be used to modulate T cell activation, a key coordinating step in the adaptive immune response. Inspired by the native T cell–antigen presenting cell interface, micrometer scale pits with varying depth are fabricated into planar substrates. Primary CD4+ T cells extend actin‐rich protrusions into the micropits. T cell activation, reflected in secretion of cytokines interleukin‐2 and interferon gamma, is sensitive to the micropit depth. Surprisingly, arrays of micropits with 4 μm depth enhance activation compared to flat substrates but deeper micropits are less effective at increasing cell response, revealing a biphasic dependence in activation as a function of feature dimensions. Inhibition of cell contractility abrogates the enhanced activation associated with the micropits. In conclusion, this report demonstrates that the 3D, microscale topography can be used to enhance T cell activation, an ability that most directly can be used to improve production of these cells for immunotherapy.
Atomic‐Scale Control of Electronic Structure and Ferromagnetic Insulating State in Perovskite Oxide Superlattices by Long‐Range Tuning of BO6 Octahedra
Authors: Li Weiwei , Zhu Bonan , Zhu Ruixue , Wang Qiang , Lu Ping , Sun Yuanwei , Cafolla Clodomiro , Qi Zhimin , Chen Aiping , Gao Peng , Wang Haiyan , He Qing , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractControl of BO6 octahedral rotations at the heterointerfaces of dissimilar ABO3 perovskites has emerged as a powerful route for engineering novel physical properties. However, its impact length scale is constrained at 2–6 unit cells close to the interface and the octahedral rotations relax quickly into bulk tilt angles away from interface. Here, a long‐range (up to 12 unit cells) suppression of MnO6 octahedral rotations in La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 through the formation of superlattices with SrTiO3 can be achieved. The suppressed MnO6 octahedral rotations strongly modify the magnetic and electronic properties of La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 and hence create a new ferromagnetic insulating state with enhanced Curie temperature of 235 K. The emergent properties in La0.9Ba0.1MnO3 arise from a preferential occupation of the out‐of‐plane Mn d3z2−r2 orbital and a reduced Mn eg bandwidth, induced by the suppressed octahedral rotations. The realization of long‐range tuning of BO6 octahedra via superlattices can be applicable to other strongly correlated perovskites for exploring new emergent quantum phenomena.
Controllably Engineering Mesoporous Surface and Dimensionality of SnO2 toward High‐Performance CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wei Facai , Wang Tingting , Jiang Xiaolin , Ai Yan , Cui Anyang , Cui Jing , Fu Jianwei , Cheng Jiangong , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang , Liu Shaohua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCurrently, the precise control of the architecture and surface of functional materials for high‐performance still remains a great challenge. Here, a feasible approach is presented to synchronously manipulate mesoporous surface and dimensionality of SnO2 catalysts into hierarchically mesoporous nanosheets and nanospheres within one simple reaction system. By adjustment of the hydrophobic chain length of different fluorinated surfactants, 0D SnO2 nanospheres with average size of 165 nm, and 2D SnO2 ulthrathin nanosheets with thickness of 22.5 nm with the distinct dimensionalities are separately obtained (one stone, two birds), both of which are well decorated with ordered mesopore arrays on their surfaces (pore size of 16 nm). The following calcination gave rise to the formation of hierarchically mesopores (5 and 16 nm, respectively) with high crystallization and improved surface area (96.8 m2 g−1). The resultant mesoporous SnO2 nanosheets as catalyst for CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2 RR) exhibit excellent selectivity, with a high Faraday efficiency (FE) of HCOOH reaching up to 90.0% at −1.3 V and C1 FE of 97.4% at −1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, as well as long‐term stability, which is among the best performance compared to reported SnO2 materials, thanks to the collective contributions of the unique architecture and mesoporous structure.
Dimensionality Concept in Solid‐State Reactions: A Way to Control Synthesis of Functional Materials at the Nanoscale
Authors: Tokmachev Andrey M. , Averyanov Dmitry V. , Karateev Igor A. , Sokolov Ivan S. , Parfenov Oleg E. , Storchak Vyacheslav G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe concept of dimensionality is fundamental in physics, chemistry, materials science, etc. Low‐dimensional and layered materials are distinguished by their unique physical properties and applications. Concurrently, low‐dimensional reactants, products, and reaction spaces extend the toolbox of materials science considerably. Here, the concept of dimensionality is adapted to solid‐state reactions by counting the basic axes along which the unit cell undergoes significant expansion/shrinking. For illustration, 1D synthesis of layered ternary compounds MA2X2 via derivatives of 2D‐Xenes, silicene, and germanene, is demonstrated, and the reaction mechanism and the role of templates are determined. The approach is then extended to 1D synthesis of non‐layered compounds. The 1D nature of the reactions, established with structural studies, is explored by nanoscale confinement. The mutual orientation of the reaction and confinement—parallel (thus preventing the lattice expansion) or orthogonal—controls the reaction pathways and outcome. The work provides a proof‐of‐concept for anisotropic reactivity caused by directional confinement.
A New Triclinic Phase Na2Ti3O7 Anode for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Cao Yang , Ye Qi , Wang Fanfan , Fan Xiaoliang , Hu Lintong , Wang Fakun , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new phase Na2Ti3O7 compound is synthesized by solid‐state method for the first time, which is verified to belong to the triclinic structure in P‐1 space group. Compared to the conventional monoclinic Na2Ti3O7 (m‐NTO), in P21/m1 space group, the triclinic Na2Ti3O7 (t‐NTO) possesses a shorter O‐O band in the distorted TiO6 octahedron, which accounts for more smooth Na+ transport channels and a more stable layered structure with smaller fluctuation. The experimental results show that the t‐NTO keeps a low charge potential plateau at 0.3 V compared to the m‐NTO, but with much promoted structure resilience. It delivers a capacity retention of 94.7%, far exceeding the 25.7% of the m‐NTO upon decades of cycles. In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals that the conventional m‐NTO experiences an irreversible phase transition during insertion/de‐insertion of Na+, while the new t‐NTO can recover its structure reversibly after discharge and charge, which is consistent with its improved cycling performance. The results demonstrate a new t‐NTO anode and provide a new understanding for the phase diversity of sodium‐ion battery materials.
Stress Relief Principle of Micron‐Sized Anodes with Large Volume Variation for Practical High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Yoonkwang , Lee Taeyong , Hong Jaehyung , Sung Jaekyung , Kim Namhyung , Son Yeonguk , Ma Jiyoung , Kim Sung Youb , Cho Jaephil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPractical applications of high gravimetric and volumetric capacity anodes for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries have attracted unprecedented attentions, but still faced challenges by their severe volume changes, rendering low Coulombic efficiency and fast capacity fading. Nano and void‐engineering strategies had been extensively applied to overcome the large volume fluctuations causing the continuous irreversible reactions upon cycling, but they showed intrinsic limit in fabrication of practical electrode condition. Achieving high electrode density is particularly paramount factor in terms of the commercial feasibility, which is mainly dominated by the true density and tapping density of active material. Herein, based on finite element method calculation, micron‐sized double passivation layered Si/C design is introduced with restrictive lithiation state, which can withstand the induced stress from Li insertion upon repeated cycling. Such design takes advantage in structural integrity during long‐term cycling even at high gravimetric capacity (1400 mAh g−1). In 1 Ah pouch‐type full‐cell evaluation with high mass loading and electrode density (≈3.75 mAh cm−2 and ≈1.65 g cm−3), it demonstrates superior cycle stability without rapid capacity drop during 800 cycles.
Meeting High Stability and Efficiency in Hybrid Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on SiO2/ZrO2 Coated CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Duan Yanyan , Ezquerro Cintia , Serrano Elena , Lalinde Elena , García‐Martínez Javier , Berenguer Jesús R. , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSignificant advances are realized in perovskite‐converted hybrid light‐emitting diodes (pc‐HLEDs). However, long‐living devices at high efficiencies still represent a major milestone with average stabilities of <200 h at ≈50 lm W−1 under low applied currents (<15 mA). Herein, a dual metal oxide‐coated CsPbBr3@SiO2/ZrO2 composite is prepared in a one‐pot synthesis through the kinetic control of the sol–gel reaction, followed by a gentle drying process in air. These hybrid nanoparticles show photoluminescence quantum yields of ≈65% that are stable under temperature, ambient, and irradiation stress scenarios. This is translated to pc‐HLEDs with a near‐unity conversion efficiency at any applied current, high efficiencies around 75 lm W−1, and one of the most remarkable stabilities of ≈200 and 700 h at 100 and 10 mA, respectively. In addition, the device degradation mechanism is thoughtfully rationalized comparing devices operating under ambient/inert conditions. As such, this work provides three milestones: i) a new room temperature one‐pot protocol to realize the first SiO2/ZrO2 metal oxide coating that effectively protects the emitting perovskite nanoparticle core, ii) one of the most stable and efficient pc‐HLEDs operating under ambient condition at any applied current, and iii) new insights for the degradation of pc‐HLEDs.
Antibacterial Nanopillar Array for an Implantable Intraocular Lens
Authors: Choi Goro , Song Younseong , Lim Hyungjun , Lee Song Ha , Lee Hyung Keun , Lee Eunjung , Choi Bong Gill , Lee Jae Jong , Im Sung Gap , Lee Kyoung G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPostsurgical intraocular lens (IOL) infection caused by pathogenic bacteria can result in blindness and often requires a secondary operation to replace the contaminated lens. The incorporation of an antibacterial property onto the IOL surface can prevent bacterial infection and postoperative endophthalmitis. This study describes a polymeric nanopillar array (NPA) integrated onto an IOL, which captures and eradicates the bacteria by rupturing the bacterial membrane. This is accomplished by changing the behavior of the elastic nanopillars using bending, restoration, and antibacterial surface modification. The combination of the polymer coating and NPA dimensions can decrease the adhesivity of corneal endothelial cells and posterior capsule opacification without causing cytotoxicity. An ionic antibacterial polymer layer is introduced onto an NPA using an initiated chemical vapor deposition process. This improves bacterial membrane rupture efficiency by increasing the interactions between the bacteria and nanopillars and damages the bacterial membrane using quaternary ammonium compounds. The newly developed ionic polymer‐coated NPA exceeds 99% antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus, which is achieved through topological and physicochemical surface modification. Thus, this paper provides a novel, efficient strategy to prevent postoperative complications related to bacteria contamination of IOL after cataract surgery.
Sustained Release of TPCA‐1 from Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Preserves Keratocyte Phenotype and Promotes Corneal Regeneration by Inhibiting Interleukin‐1β Signaling
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Jialin , Qu Mingli , Backman Ludvig J. , Zhang Aini , Liu Haoyang , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhou Qingjun , Danielson Patrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCorneal injury due to ocular trauma or infection is one of the most challenging vision impairing pathologies that exists. Many studies focus on the pro‐inflammatory and pro‐angiogenic effects of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) on corneal wound healing. However, the effect of IL‐1β on keratocyte phenotype and corneal repair, as well as the underlying mechanisms, is not clear. This study reports, for the first time, that IL‐1β induces phenotype changes of keratocytes in vitro, by significantly down‐regulating the gene and protein expression levels of keratocyte markers (Keratocan, Lumican, Aldh3a1 and CD34). Furthermore, it is found that the NF‐κB pathway is involved in the IL‐1β‐induced changes of keratocyte phenotype, and that the selective IKKβ inhibitor TPCA‐1, which inhibits NF‐κB, can preserve keratocyte phenotype under IL‐1β simulated pathological conditions in vitro. By using a murine model of corneal injury, it is shown that sustained release of TPCA‐1 from degradable silk fibroin hydrogels accelerates corneal wound healing, improves corneal transparency, enhances the expression of keratocyte markers, and supports the regeneration of well‐organized epithelium and stroma. These findings provide insights not only into the pathophysiological mechanisms of corneal wound healing, but also into the potential development of new treatments for patients with corneal injuries.
A Moisture‐Hungry Copper Complex Harvesting Air Moisture for Potable Water and Autonomous Urban Agriculture
Authors: Yang Jiachen , Zhang Xueping , Qu Hao , Yu Zhi Gen , Zhang Yaoxin , Eey Tze Jie , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe earth's atmosphere houses an enormous amount of water, which could be effectively exploited for a plethora of applications. While the development of materials for harnessing this abundant resource has gained impetus in recent years, limited efforts have been devoted to in‐depth research on their agricultural applications. Herein, a novel copper(II)–ethanolamine complex (Cu‐complex), which has a maximum water uptake of up to 300% and a water production rate of 2.24 g g−1 h−1 under natural sunlight, is reported. As a proof‐of‐concept application, using this material, a fully automated and self‐sustainable solar‐powered SmartFarm device is developed. The Cu‐complex harvests atmospheric water during the night, stores the adsorbed water within, and efficiently releases the adsorbed water during the day when the device is exposed to sunlight. The water harvesting and irrigation process can be fine‐tuned to suit different types of plants and local climates for an optimal cultivation. With the SmartFarm in operation, the demand for freshwater for irrigation could be greatly reduced and urban farming techniques such as large‐scale rooftop farming could be promoted with a view of alleviating both water and food scarcity in the near future.