bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase subunits, OsAGPL1 and OsAGPS1, modulate phosphorus homeostasis in rice
Authors: Meng Qi , Zhang Wenqi , Hu Xu , Shi Xinyu , Chen Lingling , Dai Xiaoli , Qu Hongye , Xia Yuwei , Liu Wei , Gu Mian , Xu Guohua 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPlant acclimatory responses to phosphate (Pi) starvation stress include the accumulation of carbohydrates, namely sugar and starch. However, whether altered endogenous carbohydrate profile could in turn affect plant Pi starvation responses remains widely unexplored. Here, two genes encoding the large and small subunits of an ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) in rice (Oryza sativa), AGP Large Subunit 1 (AGPL1) and AGP Small Subunit 1 (AGPS1), were functionally characterized with regard to maintenance of phosphorus (P) homeostasis and regulation of Pi starvation signaling. AGPL1 and AGPS1 were both positively responsive to nitrogen (N) or Pi deprivation, and expressed in almost all the tissues except in the meristem and mature zones of root. AGPL1 and AGPS1 physically interacted in chloroplast, and catalyzed the rate‐limiting step of starch biosynthesis. Low‐N‐ (LN) and low‐Pi (LP)‐triggered starch accumulation in leaves was impaired in agpl1, agps1 and apgl1 agps1 mutants compared with the wild‐type plants. By contrast, mutation of AGPL1 and/or AGPS1 led to an increase in the content of the major sugar, sucrose, in leaf sheath and root under control and LN conditions. Moreover, the Pi accumulation was enhanced in the mutants under control and LN conditions, but not LP conditions. Notably, the LN‐induced suppression of Pi accumulation was compromised attributed to the mutation of AGPL1 and/or AGPS1. Furthermore, the increased Pi accumulation was accompanied by the specific suppression of OsSPX2 and activation of several Pi transporter genes. These results indicate that a balanced level of carbohydrates is vital for maintaining plant P homeostasis.
Registration errors among patients receiving blood transfusions: a national analysis from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Vijenthira Shangari , Armali Chantal , Downie Helen , Wilson Ann , Paton Kathy , Berry Brian , Wu Hong‐Xing , Robitaille Ann , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Callum Jeannie 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectivesThe key first step for a safe blood transfusion is patient registration for identification and linking to past medical and transfusion history. In Canada, any deviation from standard operating procedures in transfusion is an error voluntarily reportable to a national database (Transfusion Error Surveillance System [TESS]). We used this database to characterize the subset of registration‐related errors impacting transfusion care, including where, when and why the errors occurred, and to identify frequent high‐risk errors.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on transfusion errors reported to TESS by sentinel reporting sites relating to patient registration and patient armbands, between 2008 and 2017. Free‐text comments describing the error were coded to further categorize into common error types. The number of specimens received in the transfusion laboratory was used as the denominator for rates to allow for comparison between hospital sites.ResultsFive hundred and fifty‐four registration errors were reported from 10 hospitals, for a global error rate of 5·4/10 000 samples (median 5·0 [interquartile range 3·7–7·0]). The potential severity was high in 85·7% of errors (n = 475). The patient experienced a consequence in 10·8% of errors (n = 60), but none resulted in patient harm. Rates varied widely and differed by nature across sites. Errors most commonly occurred in outpatient clinics or procedure units (n = 160, 28·8%) and in emergency departments (n = 130, 23·5%).ConclusionRegistration errors affect transfusion at every step and location in the hospital and are commonly high risk. Further research into common root causes is warranted to identify preventative strategies.
Recommendations for standardized plane definition in canine cardiac MRI
Authors: Dennler Matthias , Baron Toaldo Marco , Makara Mariano , Lautenschläger Ines E. , Ribbers Gianna , Wang‐Leandro Adriano , Waschk Maja , Richter Henning , Glaus Tony M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the growing interest in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), veterinary radiologists will increasingly be asked to use this modality to answer complex cardiological questions. Plane alignment is crucial for reproducible assessment of the heart. Anesthesia time is a limiting factor in cMRI. Aims of this prospective experimental study were to introduce a flow chart for standardized cMRI‐examination in dogs, to test it for reproducibility using a cardiac CT simulation and to estimate time requirements needed to complete the examination accurately. Six operators (3 radiologists, 1 cardiologist, 1 imaging‐resident, 1 technician) simulated a cMRI examination on CT‐scans of 6 healthy Beagle dogs twice within two to four weeks. Assessment included qualitative and quantitative scoring of plane quality and time requirements. The quality of planes was high for the left and moderate for the right side of the heart. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of linear measurements of structures on the left was good to excellent (ICC‐range: 0.789‐0.948) but dropped to moderate to poor levels for the right side (ICC‐range: 0.429‐0.738). The median time required to complete a full examination was 30 (range: 13–103) min in the first and 24 (range: 15–62) min in the second evaluation. It differed significantly between operators and was consistently shorter for the left than for the right side. In conclusion, a new standardized scheme for cMRI can be quickly adopted by radiologists with some expertise in cross sectional imaging. Qualitative and quantitative results were highly reproducible for the left but less for the right side.
CT angiography identifies collaterals in dogs with splenic vein obstruction and presumed regional splenic vein hypertension
Authors: Specchi Swan , Bertolini Giovanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOcclusion of the splenic vein, without occlusion of the portal vein, can lead to a localized, regional splenic hypertension, referred as sinistral or left‐sided portal hypertension in the human radiology literature. In people, may cause gastrointestinal hemorrhages from the esophageal and gastric varices and the primary pathology usually includes pancreatitis and pancreatic neoplasms. The final diagnosis of localized splenic hypertension necessitates accompanying normal liver functions and a patent extrahepatic portal vein. Following obstruction, the resultant elevated splenic bed venous pressure causes formation of collateral routes, the extent of which depends upon the level and degree of obstruction. In this retrospective descriptive study, authors assessed the collateral pathways in dogs with isolated splenic vein occlusion and possible regional splenic vein hypertension. Out of the 46 patients initially recruited, 25 were excluded due to the presence of concomitant portal thrombosis and direct/indirect CT signs of portal hypertension. The remaining 21 dogs had clinicopathological tests suggesting normal liver function. The causes of obstruction identified included splenic pedicle torsion, tumoral splenic vein invasion, and splenic vein thrombosis. Four of 21 dogs with isolated splenic vein obstruction showed collateral pathways through the left gastroepiploic vein (4/4), left gastric vein (2/4), and splenogonadal vein (1/4). The diagnosis of isolated, regional splenic hypertension should be based on clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation. Computed tomography is an excellent tool to assess the collateral patterns and to determine the underlying cause.
Model Fitness on Emotional Intelligence, Personality Trait and Leadersip Behavior on Job Performances
Authors: Md Nawi Nurul Hudani , Redzuan Ma’rof , Hamsan Hanina , Asim Ibrani Adam 
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this cross-sectional study is to determine the correlation of emotional intelligence and personality trait as well as the fitness of suggestion hypothetical model and sample data among school educator leaders in High Performance Schools (SBT). Four sets of questionnaire to measure emotional intelligence, personality trait, leadership behavior and work performance were administered to 306 (89%) subjects in 15 SBT schools in Malaysia. The finding by the bivariate analysis using the Pearson correlation method indicates that the personality trait such as Conscientiousness (r=.552, p<.05),Openness to experiences (r=.362, p<.05), Extraversion (r=.505, p<.05), Agreeableness (r=.193, p<.05) are positively and significant correlated with overall emotional intelligence. Moreover, the results indicate an adequate fit and it obviously met the basic requirement of model fit. Therefore, the modification model is significantly improves the fit of the model to the data. On a practical note, the assessment of psychological construct in schools setting could possibly assist in enhancing the work performances in delivering huge benefits to the society especially in the educational contexts.
An Optimized Correlation for Turbulent Flame Speed for C1–C3 Fuels at Engine-Relevant Conditions
Authors: Yousefian Sajjad , Burke Eoin M. , Güthe Felix , Monaghan Rory F. D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work is to examine the state-of-the-art turbulent flame speed (ST) correlations and optimize their adjustable parameters to best match a wide range experimental turbulent premixed combustion results. Based on previous work, four correlations have been selected for this study. Using a matlab-based Nelder–Mead simplex direct search method, each correlation's adjustable parameters are optimized such that their mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is minimized. In addition to the literature correlations, a new empirical correlation is developed using the same search method to define constants and powers in the expression. Two sets of optimized parameters are proposed to account for atmospheric and elevated (0.2–3.0 MPa) pressure flames. Each correlation is tested further, examining their ability to match ST trends for varying equivalence ratio (φ) and turbulent velocity ratio (u′/SL). It was found that a minimum of two correlations and two sets of adjustable parameters are required to accurately account for the entire range of data, thus showing that there is currently no turbulent flame speed correlation that is applicable across all engine-relevant conditions.
Add-on bone scintigraphy after negative radiological skeletal survey for the diagnosis of skeletal injury in children suspected of physical abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Blangis Flora , Taylor Melissa , Adamsbaum Catherine , Devillers Anne , Gras-Le Guen Christèle , Launay Elise , Bossuyt Patrick M , Cohen Jérémie F , Chalumeau Martin 
Published: September 2020

Objective(s)
To systematically assess the extent to which bone scintigraphy (BS) could improve the detection rate of skeletal injury in children suspected of physical abuse with an initial negative radiological skeletal survey (RSS).

Study design
We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science for series of ≥20 children suspected of physical abuse who underwent RSS and add-on BS. We assessed the risk of bias and the heterogeneity and performed random-effects meta-analyses.

Results
After screening 1140 unique search results, we reviewed 51 full-text articles, and included 7 studies (783 children, mostly ≤3 years old). All studies were of either high or unclear risk of bias. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in meta-analyses. The summary detection rate of skeletal injury with RSS alone was 52% (95% CI 37 to 68). The summary absolute increase in detection rate with add-on BS was 10 percentage points (95% CI 6 to 15); the summary relative detection rate was 1.19 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.25); the summary number of children with a negative RSS who needed to undergo a BS to detect one additional child with skeletal injury (number needed to test) was 3 (95% CI 2 to 7).

Conclusions
From the available evidence, add-on BS in young children suspected of physical abuse with a negative RSS might allow for a clinically significant improvement of the detection rate of children with skeletal injury, for a limited number of BS procedures required. The quality of the reviewed evidence was low, pointing to the need for high-quality studies in this field.
Association between esodeviation and primary open-angle glaucoma: the 2010–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Jin-soo , Kim Young Kook , Kim Yong Woo , Baek Sung Uk , Ha Ahnul , Lee Jinho , Lee Haeng-Jin , Kim Dai Woo , Jeoung Jin Wook , Kim Seong-Joon , Park Ki Ho 
Published: September 2020

Background/AimsTo evaluate the association between strabismus and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a representative Korean population.MethodsA total of 11 114 participants aged 20 years or older in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database for the years 2010 through 2011 were reviewed. A standardised protocol was used to interview every participant and to perform comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Glaucoma diagnosis was based on fundus photography and frequency-doubling technology perimetry results, according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. Ocular alignment was evaluated using the alternate prism and cover test, and clinically significant horizontal strabismus was defined as exodeviation of ≥15 prism dioptres (PD) and esodeviation of ≥10 PD. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate the potential risk factors for POAG.ResultsIn the Korean population, subjects with clinically significant esodeviation had a much higher prevalence of POAG (12.32%) than those without clinically significant esodeviation (3.14%, p=0.016). After adjusting for age and intraocular pressure, clinically significant esodeviation was independently associated with POAG (OR 7.61, p=0.002).ConclusionEsodeviation was independently associated with POAG in the Korean population. This could be the result of, at least in part, ocular-adduction-induced greater strain on the temporal optic nerve head and peripapillary tissues, which makes eyes with esodeviation more vulnerable to POAG.
Long-term tracking of fasting blood glucose variability and peripheral artery disease in people without diabetes
Authors: Sun Xiu-Ting , Zeng Cheng , Zhang Shao-Zhao , Zhou Hui-Min , Zhong Xiang-Bin , Xiong Zhen-Yu , Yang Da-Ya , Guo Yue , Zhuang Xiao-Dong , Liao Xin-Xue 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionLong-term changes of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in relation to lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (lower-extremity PAD) in people without diabetes has barely been reported. Our study aimed to investigate the association between FBG variability and the incidence of lower-extremity PAD in people without diabetes.Research design and methodsWe included 7699 participants without prior lower-extremity PAD and diabetes from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study in the final analysis. At least two measurements of FBG were required during follow-up. Variability of FBG was identified using SD, coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM) and average real variability. Lower-extremity PAD was defined as an ankle brachial index <0.9, or hospitalization with a lower-extremity PAD diagnosis. Cox regression model was used to calculate HR for incidence of lower-extremity PAD and FBG variability.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 19.5 years, 504 (6.5 %) lower-extremity PAD events were observed, 54.4% (n=274) were male, and 17.5% (n=88) were African-American. FBG variability was positively associated with incident lower-extremity PAD, with a linear relationship. HRs for CV and VIM were 1.015 (95% CI: 1.001 to 1.03; p=0.023), and 1.032 (95% CI: 1.004 to 1.06; p=0.022) for lower-extremity PAD, respectively. Participants in the lowest quartile of CV were at lower lower-extremity PAD risk compared with the highest ones (HR: 1.499, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.938; p=0.002).ConclusionsHigher FBG variability was independently associated with increased prevalence of lower-extremity PAD in people without diabetes.Trial registration numberNCT00005131.
Blinding in randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions: a retrospective study of published trial reports
Authors: Juul Sophie , Gluud Christian , Simonsen Sebastian , Frandsen Frederik Weischer , Kirsch Irving , Jakobsen Janus Christian 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo study the extent of blinding in randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions and the interpretative considerations if randomised clinical trials are not blinded.DesignRetrospective study of trial reports published in six high impact factor journals within the field of psychiatry in 2017 and 2018.SettingTrial reports published inWorld Psychiatry,JAMA Psychiatry,Lancet Psychiatry,American Journal of Psychiatry,British Journal of Psychiatry, orPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics.Main outcome measuresBlinding status of participants, treatment providers, outcome assessors, data managers, the data safety and monitoring committee, statisticians and conclusion makers, if trialists rejected the null hypothesis on the primary outcome measure, and if trialists discussed the potential bias risk from lack of blinding in the published trial report.Results63 randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions were identified. None (0%; 95% CI 0% to 5.75%) of the trials reported blinding of all possible key persons. 37 (58.7%; 95% CI 46.42% to 70.04%) trials reported blinding of outcome assessors. Two (3.2%; 95% CI 0.87% to 10.86%) trials reported blinding of participants. Two (3.2%; 95% CI 0.87% to 10.86%) trials reported blinding of data managers. Three (4.8%; 95% CI 1.63% to 13.09%) trials reported blinding of statisticians. None of the trials reported blinding of treatment providers, the data safety and monitoring committee, and conclusion makers. 45 (71.4%; 95% CI 59.30% to 81.10%) trials rejected the null hypothesis on the primary outcome(s). 13 (20.7%; 95% CI 12.48% to 32.17%) trials discussed the potential bias risk from lack of blinding in the published trial report.ConclusionsBlinding of key persons involved in randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions is rarely sufficiently documented. The possible interpretative limitations are only rarely considered. There is a need of randomised clinical trials of psychological interventions with documented blinding attempts of all possible key persons.
Changes in physical fitness and anthropometrics differ between female and male recruits during the Finnish military service
Authors: Santtila Matti , Pihlainen K , Vaara J , Tokola K , Kyröläinen H 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionMilitary training programmes are often similar for male and female recruits despite sex differences in physical performance that may influence training adaptations during military service. The present study aimed to compare changes in physical fitness and anthropometrics between Finnish female and male recruits during military service.MethodsA total of 234 690 male and 3549 female recruits participated in fitness tests at the beginning and end of military service between 2005 and 2015. Anthropometric measurements were body mass, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Fitness tests consisted 12 min running, standing long jump, and sit-ups and push-ups.ResultsNo changes were observed in anthropometrics, while both sexes improved most of the fitness test results. After adjustment for service time, branch, age, initial fitness test results, BMI and WC, improvement in running test performance was 158 m (95% CI 142 to 173, p≤0.001) greater in male than female recruits. Similarly, improvements were larger in male recruits for push-ups (5 reps/min, 95% CI 5 to 6, p≤0.001), sit-ups (2 reps/min, 95% CI 2 to 3, p≤0.001) and standing long jump (12 cm, 95% CI 11 to 13, p≤0.001) when compared with women.ConclusionsThe study revealed sex differences in adaptations to the standardised military training. Both male and female recruits improved their physical fitness, but smaller gains were observed in women using the same training programme. The mechanisms explaining sex differences in adaptations to military training, and whether tailored training programmes are needed specifically for female recruits to reduce sex differences during military service, warrants further studies.
Physical fitness and anthropometrics in Finnish soldiers during their early career: prospective changes during a 3-year follow-up
Authors: Vaara Jani P , Pihlainen K , Rusila J , Ojanen T , Kyröläinen H 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPhysical fitness is a fundamental capability required of military personnel, but studies focusing on longitudinal changes in physical fitness and anthropometrics in soldiers are lacking. The aim was to evaluate physical fitness and anthropometrics in soldiers during their early career.MethodsA 3-year prospective study included 180 male soldiers (baseline age 26±2 years) with measures of a 12 min running test, standing long jump, sit-up and push-up tests, and body mass, height and waist circumference (WC). Baseline data were stratified into tertiles, and the changes within each tertile were analysed using dependent t-tests and analysis of variance.Results12 min running test distance decreased on average by 2% (−54 m), sit-up performance 3% (−1.5 repetitions (reps)/min), push-up performance 4% (−1.9 reps/min) and standing long jump performance 1% (−2.1 cm) over the 3-year period (p<0.05). Both aerobic and muscular fitness decreased consistently among the highest baseline tertile (12 min running test: −70 m, sit-ups: −3.2 reps/min, push-ups: −7.5 reps/min, standing long jump: −5.5 cm; p<0.001), whereas both aerobic and muscular fitness levels were maintained and push-up performance was improved (p<0.05) in the lowest baseline tertiles. Body mass increased on average by 4% (+3.4 kg) and WC by 4% (+3.9 cm) (p<0.001), and these increases were observed for all baseline tertiles (p<0.05).ConclusionsSmall decrements in physical fitness and anthropometrics exist during the early career of soldiers. The changes in physical fitness differed according to baseline fitness levels. The results indicate that support for exercise training may be needed even in a soldier’s early career.