bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Decision Support System‐Assisted Pharmacy Intervention Reduces Feeding Tube–Related Medication Errors in Hospitalized Patients: A Focus on Medication Suitable for Feeding‐Tube Administration
Authors: Wasylewicz Arthur T. M. , van Grinsven Renske J. B. , Bikker Jessica M. W. , Korsten Hendrikus H. M. , Egberts Toine C. G. , Kerskes Catharina H. M. , Grouls Rene J. E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdministering medication through an enteral feeding tube (FT) is a frequent cause of errors resulting in increased morbidity and cost. Studies on interventions to prevent these errors in hospitalized patients, however, are limited.ObjectiveThe objective was to study the effect of a clinical decision support system (CDSS)–assisted pharmacy intervention on the incidence of FT‐related medication errors (FTRMEs) in hospitalized patients.MethodsA pre‐post intervention study was conducted between October 2014 and May 2015 in Catharina Hospital, the Netherlands. Patients who were admitted to the wards of bowel and liver disease, oncology, or neurology; using oral medication; and had an enteral FT were included. Preintervention patients were given care as usual. The intervention consisted of implementing a CDSS‐assisted pharmacy check while also implementing standard operating procedures and educating personnel. An FTRME was defined as the administration of inappropriate medication through an enteral FT. The incidence was expressed as the number of FTRMEs per medication administration. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to calculate the incidence ratio (IR) comparing both phases.ResultsEighty‐one patients were included, 38 during preintervention and 43 during the intervention phase. Incidence of FTRMEs in the preintervention phase was 0.15 (95% CI, 0.07–0.23) vs 0.02 (95% CI, 0.00–0.04) in the intervention phase, resulting in an adjusted IR of 0.13 (95% CI, 0.10–0.18).DiscussionIncidence of FTRMEs, as well as the IR, is comparable to previous studies.ConclusionThe intervention resulted in a substantial reduction in the incidence of FTRMEs.
A Meta‐Analytic Review of the Association Between Alienation Appraisals and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Trauma‐Exposed Adults
Authors: McIlveen Rachel , Curran David , Mitchell Ryan , DePrince Anne , O'Donnell Katie , Hanna Donncha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEhlers and Clark's (2000) cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) highlights the importance of negative appraisals in maintaining posttraumatic stress. Recent research suggests that alienation appraisals, defined as feeling disconnected from the self and others, mediate the association between traumatic experiences and subsequent PTSD symptoms. To our knowledge, no systematic review has yet explored the relation between alienation appraisals and PTSD symptoms in trauma‐exposed adults, despite the important clinical implications posed by this association. A systematic search of the SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, and PILOTS databases resulted in 470 studies, nine of which met full inclusion criteria. Studies were quality‐assessed for risk of bias using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD) quality assessment tool. A random‐effects meta‐analysis for the association between alienation appraisals and PTSD symptoms showed a large total effect size, r = .57, 95% CI [.46, .66], z = 8.41, p < .001. This large effect suggests that as alienation appraisals increase, PTSD symptoms increase. Although a strong positive association was found between alienation and PTSD symptoms, the mechanism of this association remains unclear. Limitations of the research included significant heterogeneity across studies and the fact that data were correlational. Future research to explore why alienation appraisals are significant in posttraumatic stress may further help to inform therapeutic approaches to targeting alienation appraisals in trauma survivors. Recommendations are made for the clinical assessment of alienation appraisals when exploring the impact of the traumatic experience on the survivor.
Safety Assessment of an A‐Scan Ultrasonic System for Ophthalmic Use
Authors: Petrella Lorena , Fernandes Paulo , Santos Mário , Caixinha Miguel , Nunes Sandrina , Pinto Carlos , Morgado Miguel , Santos Jaime , Perdigão Fernando , Gomes Marco 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis study describes the safety assessment of an A‐scan ultrasonic system for ophthalmic use. The system is an investigational medical device for automatic cataract detection and classification.MethodsThe risk management was based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard DIN EN ISO 14971:2009‐10 and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60601‐2‐37. The calibration of the ultrasonic field was conducted according to the standards IEC 62127‐1:2007 and IEC 62359:2010. The uncertainty on measurements was delineated in agreement with the guide JCGM 100:2008.ResultsAfter risk management, all risks were qualitatively classified as acceptable. The mechanical index (0.08 ± 0.05), soft tissue thermal index (0.08 ± 0.08) and spatial‐peak temporal‐average intensity (0.56 ± 0.59 mW/cm2) were under the maximum index values indicated by the US Food and Drug Administration guidance, Marketing Clearance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems and Transducers (0.23, 1, and 17 mW/cm2, respectively).ConclusionsThis study presents a practical approach for the safety assessment of A‐scan ultrasonic systems for ophthalmic use. The safety evaluation of a medical device is mandatory before its use in clinical practice. However, the safety monitoring throughout its life cycle should also be considered, since many device components may deteriorate over time and use.
Bioclimate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate continental biogeographic variations in effect of nitrogen deposition on the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition
Authors: Wang Qingkui , Zhao Xuechao , Tian Peng , Liu Shengen , Sun Zhaolin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is an important parameter for those seeking accurate projections of SOC dynamics and its feedback on climate change in terrestrial ecosystems. However, how Q10 responds to N deposition across environmental gradients and the underlying mechanism remain largely unresolved. We conducted a novel incubation experiment with periodically varying temperature based on the of soil origin sites to elucidate the responses of Q10 to N addition across China. Our results demonstrated that N addition effects (NAEs) on Q10 were negatively related to latitude and were strongly site dependent. Bioclimatic, edaphic, and microbial variables together explained 50.1% of the total variation in NAEs on Q10, but bioclimate (16.0%) had the greater explanation than edaphic (11.8%) and microbial properties (6.3%). The response of soil exchangeable Ca2+ to N addition was a predictive power for NAEs on Q10, contributing 7.2% relative importance in regulating this variation. Furthermore, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi indicated by Glomeromycota were the best microbial predictor and contributed 10.9% relative importance in the variation regulating NAEs on Q10. Overall, our results suggest that increasing N addition will increase the sensitivity of SOC decomposition to global warming and highlight the importance of bioclimate, exchangeable Ca2+, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in predicting the response of Q10 to N deposition in natural terrestrial ecosystems. The biogeographic variation in response of Q10 to N deposition should be considered in carbon‐climate models to decrease the prediction uncertainties of SOC dynamics and its feedback to global warming.
Land use impacts on benthic bioturbation potential and carbon burial in Brazilian mangrove ecosystems
Authors: Bernardino Angelo F. , Sanders Christian J. , Bissoli Lorena B. , Gomes Luiz Eduardo de O. , Kauffman J. Boone , Ferreira Tiago O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe potential of Blue Carbon as an integral part of global climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies requires quantification of drivers and rates of organic carbon (OC) burial and storage. However, there is limited recognition of how land use impacts benthic assemblages, their bioturbation potential, and OC burial in mangrove forests and tidal flats. Here we evaluated the effects of mangrove deforestation on benthic bioturbation potential (BPc), sediment accretion rates (SARs), and OC and total nitrogen (TN) burial in mangrove soils and tidal flat sediments from three estuaries in tropical Brazil. SARs based on 210Pb dating varied significantly among undisturbed estuaries (2.1–18.6 mm yr−1) and the OC and TN burial rates were respectively 46% and 16% higher than global averages. The cleared mangrove sites had a twofold lower SAR, 40‐fold lower OC burial, and over 100‐fold lower TN burial when compared to undisturbed forests, revealing the pervasive impacts of land use. Variation in benthic assemblage structure and BPc among sites suggests that the composition and activity of macrofaunal communities may facilitate OC burial in some cases, yet the global extent and significance of bioturbation requires further study. Our work reveals a strong spatial variability in C burial in undisturbed mangrove forests and a decreased capacity of mangroves to accumulate C and sediments due to land use effects.
Atomic Layer Deposition for Polypropylene Film Engineering—A Review
Authors: Song Guanghui , Tan Daniel Q. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) polymers are used extensively as dielectric layers, packaging films, and separation membranes, etc. Structure, chemistry, and surface features of PP films dominate their performance and durability. Modification of PP films is carried out using atomic layer deposition (ALD) among other techniques to coat uniform layer of nanometer inorganic material on the surface and inside the pores of PP films to serve the purpose of target applications better. Controlling the reaction temperature, precursor pulsing time, and number of cycles during deposition predominate the thickness, morphology, and composition of the coated layer and hence the performance of PP films. Overall, the ALD technique has been proven to be advantageous in advancing PP film properties such as hydrophilicity, UV resistance, membrane separators, dielectric and mechanical strength, etc., primarily through the controllable formation of nanometer coating on PP films. This review discusses the recent advancements and prospective of ALD in the modification and functionalization of PP films for various applications to provide some insights and motivations to design high‐performance novel PP films by well leveraging the ALD technique.
Examining consumers’ sensory experiences with color: A consumer neuroscience approach
Authors: Stillman Paul , Lee Hyojin , Deng Xiaoyan , Unnava Hanumantha Rao , Fujita Kentaro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research advances neuroscience as a tool with which to study consumers’ visual mental imagery. Applying these methods, we suggest that the presence or absence of color is a critical dimension along which consumers’ visualizations can vary, and explore when and why color of visual mental imagery becomes more prominent. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we find neural evidence for distinguishing black‐and‐white (BW) versus color visualization, and that visual mental imagery becomes increasingly monochrome (vs. colorful) when consumers imagine distant (vs. near) future events. Our neural evidence further suggests construal level as the underlying mechanism of this effect, showing common regions of activation for imagining distant future events, engaging in high‐level construal, and forming BW mental imagery. We discuss the implication of these findings and the benefits of fMRI techniques for marketing in general.
Two different genetic etiologies for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in a single family
Authors: Mowrey Kate , Koenig Mary Kay , Szabo Charles A. , Samuels Joshua , Mulligan Shannon , Pearson Deborah A. , Northrup Hope 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition that involves abnormalities of the skin, hamartomas in the heart, brain, and kidneys, seizures, as well as TSC‐associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND). About 90%–95% of individuals with TSC will have an identifiable pathogenic variant in either TSC1 or TSC2. We present here two family members with clinical diagnoses of TSC that were later determined to be due to two different genetic etiologies.MethodsA 2‐year‐old Caucasian female (Patient 1) was born to non‐consanguineous healthy parents and was determined to have a clinical diagnosis of TSC at 2 months old. Her paternal great‐uncle (Patient 2) was also known to have a clinical diagnosis of TSC. Sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis for TSC1 and TSC2 were performed on both individuals.ResultsMutation analysis revealed that both Patient 1 and Patient 2 had identifiable pathogenic variants in TSC2. Patient 1 had c.4800_4801delTG (p.Cys1600Trpfs*2), while Patient 2 had c.4470_4471delinsTT (p.Glu1490_Lys1491delinsAsp*).ConclusionTo our knowledge, our clinical report is of significance as it is the third kindred to be identified with affected members with two distinct genetic etiologies for TSC. Our case report highlights the importance of incorporating genetic testing into the clinical evaluation for individuals with features suggestive of TSC.
Diagnostic cytogenetic testing following positive noninvasive prenatal screening results of sex chromosome abnormalities: Report of five cases and systematic review of evidence
Authors: Xie Xiaolei , Tan Weihe , Li Fuguang , Carrano Eric , Ramirez Paola , DiAdamo Autumn , Grommisch Brittany , Amato Katherine , Chai Hongyan , Wen Jiadi , Li Peining 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFollow‐up cytogenetic analysis has been recommended for cases with positive noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) results. This study of five cases with numerical and structural sex chromosomal abnormalities (SCA) and a review of large case series of NIPS provided guidance to improve prenatal diagnosis for SCA.MethodsFollowing positive NIPS results for SCA, karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and locus‐specific quantitative PCR were performed on cultured amniocytes, chorionic villi cells, and stimulated lymphocytes. Review of large case series was performed to evaluate the NIPS positive rate, follow‐up rate of cytogenetic analysis, positive predictive value (PPV) for major types of SCA, and relative frequencies of subtypes of major SCA.ResultsOf the five cases with positive NIPS for SCA, case 1 showed a mosaic pattern of monosomy X and isodicentric Y; case 2 showed a mosaic pattern of monosomy X confined to the placenta; cases 3 and 4 had an isochromosome of Xq, and case 5 showed a derivative chromosome 14 from a Yq/14p translocation of maternal origin. Review of literature showed that mean positive rate of NIPS for SCA was 0.61%, follow‐up rate of cytogenetics analysis was 76%, and mean PPV for SCA was 48%. Mosaic patterns and structural rearrangements involving sex chromosomes were estimated in 3%–20% and 3% of SCA cases, respectively.ConclusionThese five cases further demonstrated the necessity to pursue follow‐up cytogenetic analysis to characterize mosaic patterns and structural abnormalities involving sex chromosomes and their value for prenatal genetic counseling. A workflow showing the performance of current NIPS and cytogenetic analysis for SCA was summarized. These results could facilitate an evidence‐based approach to guide prenatal diagnosis of SCA.
Anthocyanin‐Biofortified Colored Wheat Prevents High Fat Diet–Induced Alterations in Mice: Nutrigenomics Studies
Authors: Sharma Saloni , Khare Pragyanshu , Kumar Ashish , Chunduri Venkatesh , Kumar Aman , Kapoor Payal , Mangal Priyanka , Kondepudi Kanthi Kiran , Bishnoi Mahendra , Garg Monika 
Published: May 2020

ScopeEffective health‐promoting results of either anthocyanins or whole wheat against chronic diseases are well reported. The current study is designed to understand the effect and underlying mechanism of anthocyanins‐biofortified whole wheat on high‐fat diet (HF)‐induced obesity and its comorbidities.Method and ResultsMice are fed a HFD supplemented with isoenergetic white, purple, or black whole wheat for 12 weeks and analyzed by physiological, biochemical, and nutrigenomics studies (qRT‐PCR and RNA‐Seq analysis). Black wheat significantly reduces body weight gain and fat pad. Both black and purple wheats reduce total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels in serum, with the restoration of blood glucose and insulin resistance. Black wheat significantly elevates the expression of enzymes related to fatty acid balancing, β‐oxidation, and oxidative stress that supported the biochemical and physiological positive outcomes. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis of adipose and liver tissue reveals activation of multiple pathways and genes related to fatty acid‐β oxidation (crat, acca2, lonp2 etc.), antioxidative enzymes (gpx1, sod1, nxnl1 etc.), along with balancing of fatty acid metabolism specifically in black wheat supplemented mice.ConclusionTaken together, the results suggest that the incorporation of colored wheat (especially black wheat) in the diet can prevent obesity and related metabolic complications.
Undertreatment of overactive bladder among men with lower urinary tract symptoms in the United States: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Burnett Arthur L. , Walker David R. , Feng Qi , Johnston Karissa M. , Lozano‐Ortega Greta , Nimke David , Hairston John C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo characterize the epidemiology and treatment patterns of adult men (≥40 years) diagnosed with, or treated for, overactive bladder (OAB) and/or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsThis retrospective observational study used data extracted from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database and the Medicare Supplemental Coordination of Benefits database. Men with BPH and/or OAB were identified and observed to assess treatment and diagnostic patterns.ResultsWithin the entire study sample (N = 462 400), BPH diagnosis (61.5%) and BPH treatment (73.7%) were more common than the corresponding values for OAB (25.8% and 7.0%, respectively). Notably, among diagnosed individuals, the dispensation of a corresponding treatment was more likely in individuals diagnosed with BPH (183 672 out of 284 416 = 64.6%) compared with OAB (16 468 out of 119 236 = 13.8%). Among newly diagnosed and/or treated patients (n = 196 576), only 60.3% received treatment. Among treated patients, most experienced only a single type of treatment (93.4%), 6.6% went on to receive a secondary treatment and 3.5% a tertiary. The most common primary treatment was alpha‐blocker monotherapy (76.9%) followed by tadalafil monotherapy (16.4%). Among those untreated at first diagnosis, the median time between diagnosis and treatment initiation was 128 days.ConclusionsDiagnosis and management of OAB among males are challenging given the inherent overlap in symptoms observed with BPH. Unsurprisingly, we found that BPH is diagnosed and treated more frequently than OAB; but the differences between diagnosis and treatment patterns for the two conditions highlight the potential undertreatment of OAB and misdirection of therapy for men with a combination of voiding and storage symptoms.
In utero exposure to analgesic opioids and language development in 5‐year old children
Authors: Skovlund Eva , Selmer Randi , Skurtveit Svetlana , Brandlistuen Ragnhild E. , Handal Marte 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeAn increasing consumption of opioids has been reported. The primary aim of the present study was follow‐up of neurocognitive development in children exposed to analgesic opioids during pregnancy, using three different validated instruments to assess language and communication development at 5 years.MethodsThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) prospectively included pregnant women 1999 to 2008. Participants reported medication use at pregnancy week 17/18 and 30, and 6 months after birth. Children's language competence and communication skills at 5 years were reported by mothers on three different validated scales; The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), The Speech and Language Assessment Scale (SLAS) and The Twenty Statements about Language‐Related Difficulties list (Language20Q).ResultsA total of 27 428 women with 33 407 singleton pregnancies were included. Use of analgesic opioids was reported in 584 pregnancies (1.7%). No associations between opioid use and lower language competence or communication skills were found. For ASQ, the OR of being in the lowest category vs the group with maximum mean score was 0.82 (95%CI 0.57, 1.17), for SLAS the OR of scoring worse than typical for age vs better than typical for age was 0.84 (0.61, 1.17) in children exposed to opioids in utero. For Language20Q using the best performance category as reference, the OR of scoring in the lower performance category was 0.57 (0.35, 0.91) with exposure to opioids.ConclusionUse of analgesic opioids in pregnant women does not seem to negatively affect language development or communication skills in children at 5 years.
The critical organic modifier aliphatic tail length for the formation of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Tiwari Rajkiran R. , Natarajan Upendra 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn this article, we report the influence of organic modifier structure (alkyl chain length C8‐C20, single vs ditallow) and thereby, the effect of hydrophobicity on the structure, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐clay hybrids. Melt processed PMMA‐clay hybrids were characterized using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The organoclays having an alkyl chain length of more than 12 CH2 groups resulted in the formation of nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PMMA increased in the presence of clay. The mean‐field lattice model was used to predict the free energy for nanocomposite formation, which showed a reasonable match with the experimental results and provided a general guideline for the proper selection of polymer and organoclay (ie, organic modifier) to obtain nanocomposite. Tensile modulus showed maximum improvement of 58% for the nanocomposites compared to 9% improvement for the composites. Tensile modulus increased with increases in the alkyl chain length of the organic modifier and clay loading. The level of improvement for the tensile properties of nanocomposites prepared from primary and secondary ammonium‐modified clay is the same as that obtained with the commercial organoclays.