bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas Antihiperurisemia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Galing (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) Pada Mencit BALB/C
Authors: Y Muhammad Ilyas , Daud Nur Saadah , Aqmarina Monika 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK
Salah satu bahan alam yang diduga dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat adalah tumbuhan galing yang mengandung flavanoid. Kemampuan senyawa tersebut dalam menurunkan asam urat yaitu dengan cara menghambat aktivitas xantin oksidase pada basa purin sehingga akan menurunkan produksi asam urat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas hiperurisemia dari ekstrak daun galing pada mencit BALB/C. Pada uji aktivitas antihiperurisemia yang dilakukan pada mencit, diinduksi pottasium oxonat pada dengan dosis 200 mg/kgBB, pada dosis ekstrak daun galing 300 mg/kg BB, 400 mg/kg BB, 500 mg/kg BB, kontrol positif allopurinol dan kontrol negatif Na-CMC 0.5% . Hasil uji farmakologi diolah secara statistik menggunakan uji normalitas dan one way ANOVA dan uji LSD (Least Significance Different) dengan program SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada ekstrak ekstrak daun galing 300 mg/kg BB, 400 mg/kg BB dan 500 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat. Secara statistik terdapat pengaruh secara signifikan pada ekstrak daun galing dosis 300 mg/kg BB dan dosis 400 mg/kg BB terhadap penurunan kadar asam urat dengan nilai P 0,02<0,05 artinya terdapat perbedaan efek antihiperurisemia antara kelompok perlakuan.
Kata kunci: Antihiperurisemia, ekstrak etanol daun galing, , flavanoid, mencit

ABSTRACT
One of the natural ingredients that is thought to reduce uric acid levels is a thorny plant which contains flavonoids. The ability of these compounds in reducing uric acid is by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase in the purine base so that it will reduce uric acid production. The purpose of this study was to determine the hyperuricemia activity of the galing leaf extract in BALB / C mice. In the antihyperuricemia activity test conducted on mice, pottasium oxonate was induced at a dose of 200 mg / kgBW, at a dose of galing leaf extract 300 mg / kgBW, 400 mg / kgBW, 500 mg / kgBW, positive control of allopurinol and negative control of Na -CMC 0.5%. Pharmacological test results were statistically processed using the normality test and one way ANOVA and LSD (Least Significance Different) test with the SPSS 20 program. The results showed that the extract of the galing leaf extract 300 mg / kg BW, 400 mg / kg BW and 500 mg / kg BW could reduce uric acid levels. Statistically, there was a significant effect on galing leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg / kg BW and a dose of 400 mg / kg BW on decreasing uric acid levels with a P value of 0.02 <0.05, meaning that there were differences in antihyperuricemia effects between treatment groups.
Keywords: Antihyperuricemia, ethanol extract galing leaf, flavanoid, mice
Legal and Political Concepts as Contextures
Authors: Kostakopoulou Dora 
Published: May 2020

Legal and Political Concepts as Contextures
Socio-political concepts are not singularities. They are, instead, complex and evolving contextures. An awareness of the latter and of what we need to do when we handle concepts opens up space for the resolution of political disagreements and multiplies opportunities for constructive dialogue and understanding. In this article, I argue that the concepts-as-contextures perspective can unravel conceptual connectivity and interweaving, and I substantiate this by examining the ‘contexture’ of liberty. I show that the different, and seemingly contested, definitions of liberty are the product of mixed articulations and the development of associative discursive links within a contexture.
Two new species of the bamboo-feeding planthopper genus Neobelocera Ding & Yang, 1986 from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae)
Authors: Li Hong-Xing , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang-Sheng 
Published: May 2020

Two new species of the bamboo-feeding genus Neobelocera Ding & Yang, 1986, N. biprocessa sp. nov. and N. russa sp. nov., are described and illustrated from southwest China (Hainan and Guizhou), giving the genus nine species in total. A key is provided to separate all species.
Spectral triples for higher-rank graph $C^*$-algebras
Authors: Farsi Carla , Gillaspy Elizabeth , Julien Antoine , Kang Sooran , Packer Judith 
Published: May 2020

In this note, we present a new way to associate a spectral triple to the noncommutative $C^*$-algebra $C^*(\Lambda )$ of a strongly connected finite higher-rank graph Λ. Our spectral triple builds on an approach used by Consani and Marcolli to construct spectral triples for Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We prove that our spectral triples are intimately connected to the wavelet decomposition of the infinite path space of Λ which was introduced by Farsi, Gillaspy, Kang, and Packer in 2015. In particular, we prove that the wavelet decomposition of Farsi et al. describes the eigenspaces of the Dirac operator of our spectral triple. The paper concludes by discussing other properties of the spectral triple, namely, θ-summability and Brownian motion.
Cohen-Macaulay homological dimensions
Authors: Sahandi Parviz , Sharif Tirdad , Yassemi Siamak 
Published: May 2020

We introduce new homological dimensions, namely the Cohen-Macaulay projective, injective and flat dimensions for homologically bounded complexes. Among other things we show that (a) these invariants characterize the Cohen-Macaulay property for local rings, (b) Cohen-Macaulay flat dimension fits between the Gorenstein flat dimension and the large restricted flat dimension, and (c) Cohen-Macaulay injective dimension fits between the Gorenstein injective dimension and the Chouinard invariant.
Tetrandrine alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Sirt-1
Authors: Wang Jun , Guo Ming , Ma Ruojia , Wu Maolin , Zhang Yamei 
Published: May 2020

Background & Aims
Tetrandrine (Tet) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects and protect from the ischemic strokes. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced inflammatory lesions. However, the molecular mechanisms of Tet related to the progression of cerebral ischemia are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of Tet on cerebral ischemia and the related mechanisms involved in NLRP3 inflammasome.

Methods
C57BL/6J mice used as a cerebral I/R injury model underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h following reperfusion for 24 h. Tet (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered for seven days and 30 min before and after MCAO. Their brain tissues were evaluated for NLRP3 inflammasome and Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) expression. An intracerebroventricular injection of Sirt-1 siRNA was administered to assess the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Results
Tet significantly reduced the neurological deficits, infarction volume, and cerebral water content in MCAO mice. Moreover, it inhibited I/R-induced over expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and Sirt-1. Sirt-1 knockdown with siRNA greatly blocked the Tet-induced reduction of neurological severity score and infarct volume, and reversed the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that Tet has benefits for cerebral I/R injury, which are partially related to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation via upregulating Sirt-1.
False lithium toxicity secondary to lithium heparin test tube: A case report and review
Authors: Brizzee Leila , Stone Ashley , Palmer Melissa C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This case demonstrates a false elevation of serum lithium concentrations that can occur when blood samples are collected using lithium heparin (green-top) tubes. The patient was a 58-year-old female on chronic lithium therapy for bipolar disorder who presented to the emergency department following an overdose of 5 unidentified medications. The patient was overly sedated and exhibited paradoxical laughter, slurred speech, and mild abdominal pain. The recommended maintenance lithium concentration is 0.6 to 1.0 mmol/L, and she had previously been stable within this therapeutic range. The initial lithium concentration drawn upon admission was 2.05 mmol/L. No intervening treatment was made with the exception of intravenous fluids due to a lack of correlation between clinical presentation and the lithium concentration. Six hours later, a repeat lithium concentration of &lt;0.10 mmol/L was obtained. Upon investigation, it was discovered that the initial blood sample was obtained in a lithium heparin green-top tube instead of the recommended plastic tubes with either sodium heparin or dipotassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as the anticoagulant. As this case demonstrates, lithium heparin tubes have the potential to cause falsely elevated lithium concentrations. It is important for health care professionals to be aware of the false elevations that can occur when blood samples are taken in this type of tube.
Exploring the Preferences of Women Regarding Sexual and Reproductive Health Care in the Context of Rheumatology: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wolgemuth Tierney , Stransky Olivia M. , Chodoff Alaina , Kazmerski Traci M. , Clowse Megan E. B. , Birru Talabi Mehret 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care and counseling needs of young women with rheumatic diseases in the context of their rheumatology care.MethodsSemistructured qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with female patients with rheumatic diseases ages 18–45 years (n = 30). Women were recruited from outpatient rheumatology clinics in western Pennsylvania. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. A codebook was inductively developed based on the interview transcripts, and the finalized coding was used to conduct a thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged from interviews: 1) women want rheumatologists to initiate conversations about SRH and to revisit the conversation over time; 2) women desire clear and complete information regarding fetal, pregnancy, and infertility risks associated with their diseases and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs); 3) women want to be treated holistically, with SRH addressed in the context of their life circumstances and personal values in addition to their rheumatic diseases; 4) women generally feel that they are intermediaries between their rheumatologists and obstetrician‐gynecologists (OB/GYNs), but preferred for providers to communicate directly with one another about their SRH.ConclusionPatients strongly desired rheumatologists to play an active role in their SRH, by initiating family planning conversations, providing SRH education in the context of their diseases and DMARDs, and directly coordinating SRH care with OB/GYNs. To meet patients’ SRH needs, further work is needed to clarify the specific role of rheumatologists in providing SRH care and to identify ways to better facilitate communication between rheumatologists and reproductive health care providers.
Bone Scaffolds Based on Degradable Vaterite/PEG‐Composite Microgels
Authors: Stengelin Elena , Kuzmina Alena , Beltramo Guillermo L. , Koziol Martha F. , Besch Laura , Schröder Romina , Unger Ronald E. , Tremel Wolfgang , Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVaterite, a metastable modification of calcium carbonate, embedded in a flexible microgel packaging with adjustable mechanical properties, functionality, and biocompatibility, provides a powerful scaffolding for bone tissue regeneration, as it is easily convertible to bone‐like hydroxyapatite (HA). In this study, the synthesis and physical analysis of a packaging material to encapsulate vaterite particles and osteoblast cells into monodisperse, sub‐millimeter‐sized microgels, is described whereby a systematic approach is used to tailor the microgel properties. The size and shape of the microgels is controlled via droplet‐based microfluidics. Key requirements for the polymer system, such as absence of cytotoxicity as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability, are accomplished with functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which reacts in a cytocompatible thiol–ene Michael addition. On a mesoscopic level, the microgel stiffness and gelation times are adjusted to obtain high cellular viabilities. The co‐encapsulation of living cells provides i) an in vitro platform for the study of cellular metabolic processes which can be applied to bone formation and ii) an in vitro foundation for novel tissue‐regenerative therapies. Finally, the degradability of the microgels at physiological conditions caused by hydrolysis‐sensitive ester groups in the polymer network is examined.
Jet‐Lagged Nanoparticles Enhanced Immunotherapy Efficiency through Synergistic Reconstruction of Tumor Microenvironment and Normalized Tumor Vasculature
Authors: Jiang Zhijie , Xiong Hui , Yang Shan , Lu Yun , Deng Yudi , Yao Jianxu , Yao Jing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLactic acid (LA), an anaerobic glycolysis metabolite normally oversecreted by tumor cells, can inhibit the activity of T cells and stimulate the rapid proliferation and migration of tumor endothelial cells (TECs), thereby limiting the synergistic treatment efficiency of tumor immunotherapy and vascular normalization. Herein, Jet‐lagged nanoparticles, apatinib (APA)‐loaded TEC‐targeting nanodrug (APA/MCP) and lonidamine (LND)‐loaded tumor cell‐targeting nanodrug (LND/MCA), are constructed to combine vascular normalization therapy and tumor cell metabolic treatment. APA/MCP can block VEGF/VEGFR2 to inhibit TEC proliferation and LND/MCA can inhibit LA efflux to remodel tumor acid metabolism. After treatment, Jet‐lagged nanoparticles remarkably reduce the level of LA in tumor microenvironment (TME) through limiting LA efflux. Besides, the pericyte cell coverage ratio of tumor vasculature increased to 69%, which is significantly improved compared to the APA/MCP group (47%). Moreover, the results of in vivo pharmacodynamic studies show that after the above synergistic reconstruction of TME and normalized tumor vasculature, the therapeutic effect of programmed death 1 (PD‐1) drug is improved 3‐folds to that of the PD‐1 group. Above all, the strategy in this paper may propose an innovative vision to facilitate the tumor immunotherapy through high‐precision spatiotemporal delivery strategy of nanodrugs.
Single siRNA Nanocapsules for Effective siRNA Brain Delivery and Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Zou Yan , Sun Xinhong , Wang Yibin , Yan Chengnan , Liu Yanjie , Li Jia , Zhang Dongya , Zheng Meng , Chung Roger S. , Shi Bingyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSmall interfering RNA (siRNA) has been considered as a highly promising therapeutic agent for human cancer treatment including glioblastoma (GBM), which is a fatal disease without effective therapy methods. However, siRNA‐based GBM therapy is seriously hampered by a number of challenges in siRNA brain delivery including poor stability, short blood circulation, low blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and tumor accumulation, as well as inefficient siRNA intracellular release. Herein, an Angiopep‐2 (Ang) functionalized intracellular‐environment‐responsive siRNA nanocapsule (Ang‐NCss(siRNA)) is successfully developed as a safe and efficient RNAi agent to boost siRNA‐based GBM therapy. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed Ang‐NCss(siRNA) displays long circulation in plasma, efficient BBB penetration capability, and GBM accumulation and retention, as well as responsive intracellular siRNA release due to the unique design of small size (25 nm) with polymeric shell for siRNA protection, Ang functionalization for BBB crossing and GBM targeting, and disulfide bond as a linker for intracellular‐environment‐responsive siRNA release. Such superior properties of Ang‐NCss(siRNA) result in outstanding growth inhibition of orthotopic U87MG xenografts without causing adverse effects, achieving remarkably improved survival benefits. The developed siRNA nanocapsules provide a new strategy for RNAi therapy of GBM and beyond.
Switchable Chiral Mirrors
Authors: Liu Meng , Plum Eric , Li Hua , Duan Siyu , Li Shaoxian , Xu Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Zhang Caihong , Zou Chongwen , Jin Biaobing , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMirrors are widely used for redirection of electromagnetic waves in optical systems, making them arguably the most irreplaceable optical component. Metamaterial‐based chiral mirrors, composed of a 2D‐chiral planar metallic structure backed by a conventional mirror, reflect one circular polarization without changing its handedness, while absorbing the other. Here, three types of switchable chiral mirror are demonstrated. Switching from a chiral mirror to either a conventional mirror, a handedness‐preserving mirror, or a chiral mirror of opposite handedness, is realized. These advances are underpinned by switching the handedness of 2D‐chiral metamaterial and the associated effect of circular conversion dichroism, which is reported here for the first time. Switching is achieved by exploiting the temperature‐activated dielectric‐to‐metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide to modify the symmetry and chirality of the metamaterial's resonators. Current distributions explain the temperature‐controlled optical properties by handedness‐selective excitation of reflective electric dipole and absorbing magnetic dipole modes.
Ruthenium Pincer Complex Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of C‐3 Alkylated Indoles and Bisindolylmethanes Directly from Indoles and Alcohols
Authors: Biswas Nandita , Sharma Rahul , Srimani Dipankar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, we presented Ru‐SNS complex that serves as a useful catalyst for C‐3 alkylation of 1H‐indoles with various aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols including cyclic alcohols as well as benzylic alcohols. The selective synthesis of bisindolylmethane derivatives is also achieved from the same set of indole and alcohol just by altering the reaction parameters. Furthermore, the sustainable synthesis of C‐3 alkylated indoles directly from 2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)ethan‐1‐ol and alcohols catalysed by a Ru‐complex via “borrowing hydrogen” strategy is reported. This protocol provides an atom‐economical sustainable route to access structurally important compounds like arundine, vibrindole A and tryptamine based derivatives.magnified image
High Volumetric Energy Density Sulfur Cathode with Heavy and Catalytic Metal Oxide Host for Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Liu Ya‐Tao , Liu Sheng , Li Guo‐Ran , Yan Tian‐Ying , Gao Xue‐Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor high‐energy lithium–sulfur batteries, the poor volumetric energy density is a bottleneck as compared with lithium–ion batteries, due to the low density of both the sulfur active material and sulfur host. Herein, in order to enhance the volumetric energy density of sulfur cathode, a universal approach is proposed to fabricate a compact sulfur cathode with dense materials as sulfur host, instead of the old‐fashioned lightweight carbon nanomaterials. Based on this strategy, heavy lanthanum strontium manganese oxide (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3), with a high theoretical density of up to 6.5 g cm−3, is introduced as sulfur host. Meanwhile, the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 host also acts as an efficient electrocatalyst to accelerate the diffusion, adsorption, and redox dynamics of lithium polysulfides in the charge–discharge processes. As a result, such S/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 cathode presents high gravimetric/volumetric capacity and outstanding cycling stability. Moreover, an ultra‐high volumetric energy density of 2727 Wh L−1‐cathode is achieved based on the densification effect with higher density (1.69 g cm−3), which is competitive to the Ni‐rich oxide cathode (1800–2160 Wh L−1) of lithium–ion batteries. The current study opens up a path for constructing high volumetric capacity sulfur cathode with heavy and catalytic host toward practical applications of lithium–sulfur batteries.
In Quest of Nonfilamentary Switching: A Synergistic Approach of Dual Nanostructure Engineering to Improve the Variability and Reliability of Resistive Random‐Access‐Memory Devices
Authors: Maikap Siddheswar , Banerjee Writam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates a synergistic approach of dual nanostructure engineering to improve the performance of AlOx‐based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. More precisely, a novel material stack engineering of RRAM with nonlinear area scalable low current switching and extensive improvement of reliability and variability issues is reported. Dual nanostructures (nanodome bottom electrode and nanocrystals in switching layer) in RRAM is an effective way to change the switching from filamentary to a nonfilamentary one, resulting in forming‐free highly stable device. Several methods such as transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy have been employed to investigate the morphology of the RRAM devices. Enhanced electric field within the enclave of switching layer is controlling the intrinsic distribution of oxygen vacancy profile with extrinsic operation. As compare to filamentary RRAM, nonfilamentary devices can effectively control dc switching for >103 cycles, ac switching for >106 cycles without any severe fluctuation of resistance states for different levels. Area and temperature‐dependent semiconducting behavior along with time‐dependent high resistance states are certainly confirming the nonfilamentary switching process. In addition, the device yield improvement ≈98% using nonfilamentary switching, is making dual nanostructure devices a very promising candidate for high‐density memory application, is highlighted.
Engineering of a Low‐Cost, Highly Active, and Durable Tantalate–Graphene Hybrid Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Gaixia , Sebastián David , Zhang Xilin , Wei Qiliang , Lo Vecchio Carmelo , Zhang Jihai , Baglio Vincenzo , Wang Weichao , Sun Shuhui , Aricò Antonino S. , Tavares Ana C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important reactions in renewable energy conversion and storage devices. The full deployment of these devices depends on the development of highly active, stable, and low‐cost catalysts. Herein, a new hybrid material consisting of Na2Ta8O21−x/Ta2O5/Ta3N5 nanocrystals grown on N‐doped reduced graphene oxide is reported. This catalyst shows a significantly enhanced ORR activity by ≈4 orders of magnitude in acidic media and by ≈2 orders of magnitude in alkaline media compared to individual Na2Ta8O21−x on graphene. Moreover, it has excellent stability in both acid and alkaline media. It also has much better methanol tolerance than the commercial Pt/C, which is relevant to methanol fuel cells. The high ORR activity arises not only from the synergistic effect among the three Ta phases, but also from the concomitant nitrogen doping of the reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. A correlation between ORR activity and nitrogen content is demonstrated. Deep insights into the mechanism of the synergistic effect among these three Ta‐based phases, which boosts the ORR's kinetics, are acquired by combining specific experiments and density functional theory calculations.