bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled Bronchodilator Delivery via High-Flow Nasal Cannula for COPD and Asthma Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Bronchodilation Effects of Gas Flow Rates
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Yibing , Ehrmann Stephan , Wu Jie , Xie Lixin , Fink James B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAerosol delivery via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has attracted increasing clinician interest. In vitro studies report that the ratio of HFNC gas flow to patient inspiratory flow (GF:IF) is a key factor in the efficiency of trans-nasal aerosol delivery. This randomized controlled trial was aimed to validate this finding, and to explore the effective dose of inhaled bronchodilator to be given to patients via HFNC. Methods Patients with a history of COPD or asthma and documented positive response to inhaled bronchodilators in an outpatient pulmonary function laboratory were recruited. Subjects were randomized to receive inhalation at gas flow ratio/settings of : GF:IF=0.5, GF:IF=1.0, or GF=50L/min. Patients were assigned to inhale saline (control) followed by salbutamol via HFNC with an escalating dose sequence (0.5mg, 1.0mg, 2.0mg and 4.0mg). Spirometry was performed at baseline and after each inhalation. Results Seventy-five subjects (49 asthma and 26 COPD) demonstrating bronchodilator response (ATS/ERS) were enrolled. Using the criteria of post-bronchodilator FEV1 returning to screening post-bronchodilator FEV1 with salbutamol, a higher percentage of subjects receiving GF:IF=0.5 met criteria at cumulative dose of 1.5mg, than those receiving GF:IF=1.0, and GF=50L/min (64% vs 29% vs 27%, respectively, p=0.011). Similarly at 3.5mg (88% vs 54% vs 46%, respectively, p=0.005). The effective dose at GF:IF=0.5 was 1.5mg while for GF=50 L/min it was 3.5mg. Conclusion Dose response to salbutamol via HFNC was greater when administered with gas flow set at 50% of patient inspiratory flow, than with higher gas flow rates. Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03739359. Registered 13 November 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03739359?term=03739359&draw=2&rank=1
Machine Learning Model to Predict Hypotension After Starting Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Kang Min Woo , Kim Seonmi , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook-Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Han Seung Seok 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypotension after starting continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is associated with worse outcome, but it is difficult to predict because several factors have interactive and complex effects on the risk. The present study applied machine learning algorithms to develop models to predict hypotension after initiating CRRT.Methods: Among 2,349 adult patients who started CRRT due to acute kidney injury, 70% and 30% were randomly assigned into the training and testing sets, respectively. Hypotension was defined as a reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥20 mmHg from the initial value within 6 hours. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) in machine learning models, such as support vector machine (SVM), deep neural network (DNN), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), were compared with those in disease-severity scores such as the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II.Results: The DNN model showed the highest AUROC (0.822 [0.789–0.856]), and the LGBM and SVM models followed with AUROCs of 0.810 (0.776–0.845) and 0.807 (0.772–0.842), respectively; all machine learning AUROC values were higher than those obtained from disease-severity scores (AUROCs <0.6). Although different definitions of hypotension were used such as a reduction of MAP ≥30 mmHg or a reduction occurring within 1 hour, the AUROCs of machine learning models were higher than those of disease-severity scores. These machine learning models were well calibrated.Conclusion: Machine learning models successfully predict hypotension after starting CRRT and can serve as the basis of systems to predict hypotension before starting CRRT.
Exosomal miR-181a-5p Protects against MG Infection by Targeting PPM1B and Activating the TLR2-Mediated MyD88/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Sun Yingfei , Zhao Yabo , Pang Huiwen , Zou Mengyun , Wang Yingjie , Peng Xiuli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is one of the most important pathogens that causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens. Exosomes secreted from cells have been well documented to deliver miRNAs to recipient cells to modulate cellular function. The purpose of this current study was to explore the functions of exosomal miR-181a-5p in MG infection and the underlying mechanisms. ResultsHere, we found that miR-181a-5p expression in vivo and in vitro was significantly upregulated after MG infection. Exosomes enriched in MG-infected chicken type-II pneumocytes (CP-II) could selectively load miR-181a-5p and transfer it into recipient DF-1 cells. PPM1B was further identified as the target gene of miR-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p and/or knockdown of PPM1B activated the TLR2-mediated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways, whereas inhibition of miR-181a-5p and the overexpression of PPM1B led to the opposite results. In addition, depressing miR-181a-5p significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by MG-induced. Upregulated miR-181a-5p promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis to resist MG infection. Moreover, overexpression of miR-181a-5p significantly depressed pMAG1.2 expression by directly inhibiting PPM1B.ConclusionsTaken together, we conclude that the newly identified primary CP-II cells exosomal miR-181a-5p activates the TLR2-mediated MyD88/NF-κB pathway by directly targeting PPM1B to promote pro-inflammatory cytokines expression for defending against MG infection in recipient DF-1 cells.
Towards an ontology-based decision support system for syndrome-differentiation and treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Long Hai , Wang Zhe , Cui Yidi , Wang Junhui , Gao Bo , Chen Chao , Herre Heinrich , Zhu Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, non-communicable, painful, disfiguring and disabling disease, which is not curable and strongly declines the patients’ quality of life (QoL). However, diagnose and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on syndrome differentiation has been used in practice for a long time and has also achieved some effect. Though, up to now, only few studies are available reporting on the use of semantic technologies and pertain to knowledge systems that use TCM-syndrome differentiation for information retrieval and automated reasoning. Nowadays, the diagnosis in TCM relies mainly on the personal expertise and clinical experience of the doctors. For various reasons, misdiagnoses or missed diagnoses cannot be completely excluded, leading to unexpected results.Methods In the present paper, we developed a domain ontology for syndrome differentiation of psoriasis vulgaris (PV). For this purpose, we used the ontology editor Protégé and applied a top-down approach which adopts the framework of general formal ontology (GFO) and its middle-level core ontology GFO-TCM. Furthermore, we implemented a prototype which is based on this ontology. Additionally, we also used a case-database for CBR (Case Based Reasoning) combined with fuzzy pattern recognition.Results: A prototype for diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis vulgaris, named ONTOPV-system, is proposed which is based on the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM; this system realizes an expert-assisted decision support method which relies on a domain ontology, uses fuzzy logic reasoning, and case retrieval and is intended to support clinical diagnostic decisions for TCM practitioners.Conclusions: We designed and implemented a prototype for psoriasis diagnosis in terms of syndrome differentiation. The system realizes the basic functionalities of data collection, querying, browsing and navigation, and supports rule-based knowledge reasoning and integrates approximative reasoning, based on CBR and fuzzy logic. The system provides users with clinical decision support for TCM syndrome differentiation in diagnosis of psoriasis. In addition, it comprises a domain knowledge base of psoriasis, which is developed in the GFO framework with good extensibility.
Acute phase proteins and total antioxidant capacity in free-roaming cats infected by pathogenic leptospires
Authors: Picco Andrea Murillo , Cuenca Rafaela , Serrano Emmanuel , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Cerón José , Marga Goris , Ahmed Ahmed , Pastor Josep 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Leptospirosis is a neglected but widespread zoonotic disease throughout the world. The vast majority of mammals are hosts of Leptospira spp., including domestic cats, species in which no consensus has been reached on the clinical presentation or diagnosis of the disease. The study of acute-phase proteins (APPs) and biomarkers of oxidative status would contribute to knowledge about the course of the disease in cats. In this report, we evaluated four APPs: Serum amyloid A-SAA, Haptoglobin–Hp, albumin and Paraoxonase 1-PON1 and the antioxidant response through Total Antioxidant Capacity-TAC, in 13 free-roaming cats naturally infected by pathogenic leptospires and 19 leptospires-free cats, through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: The PCA retained two principal components (PC1 and PC2), explaining 60.1% of the observed variability of the inflammatory proteins and the antioxidant TAC. PC1 was mainly associated with an inflammatory process, whereas PC2 correlated with the antioxidant status. The most contributing variables in PC1 where albumin (27.46%), SAA (24.71%), Hp (21.56%) and PON1 (20.69%). Variables with significant contribution to the PC2 were the antibody titre against Leptospira spp. (48.41%) and TAC (35.04%). Overall, the PCA revealed differences in inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers in cats naturally infected with leptospires compared to leptospires-free cats.Conclusions: Increases in Serum SAA, Hp, and decreases in serum albumin concentrations and PON1 activity indicate an acute phase response in infected, DNA positive cats. Moreover, we found an increase in TAC serum concentrations indicating an antioxidant response in this infection, which was proportional to the antibody titre and not to the presence of bacterial DNA.
Liver transplantation in recipients with class III obesity: post-transplant outcomes and weight gain
Authors: Soma Daiki , Park Yujin , Mihaylov Plamen , Ekser Burcin , Ghabril Marwan , Lacerda Marco , Charasani Naga , Mangus Richard Shane , Kubal Chandrashekhar Avinash 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Over the past decades, there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. Several studies have reported conflicting results for the impact of obesity on outcomes of liver transplantation (LT). This study aims to assess severe obesity's impact on LT outcomes and changes in body mass index (BMI) after transplantation.Methods All adult LT performed at Indiana University Health University Hospital between July 2001 and December 2018 were reviewed. A retrospective analysis for identified 2024 patients was conducted. BMI of recipients is subdivided into underweight, normal, overweight, class Ⅰ obesity, class Ⅱ obesity, and class Ⅲ obesity (<18.5; 18.5-24.9; 25‐29.9; 30‐34.9; 35‐39.9; ≥40 kg/m2, respectively). Survival outcomes were compared between each group. Post-transplant BMI was followed up in a sub-group of patients receiving LT from January 2008 to December 2018. A retrospective analysis for identified 1004 patients was conducted.Results Among 2024 patients in the analytic cohort, 1.9% were underweight, 24.5% were normal, 32.6% were overweight, 25% were in class Ⅰ obesity, 9.3% were in class Ⅱ obesity, and 1.1% were in class Ⅲ obesity. There was no significant difference in patient and graft survival at 10-year follow-up with respect to recipient obesity. The 1, 3, 5, and 10-year graft and patient survivals in class Ⅲ obesity group were 97.0%, 92.1%, 87.0%, and 79.8% for patient survival and 94.4%, 85.1%, 79.8%, and 72.5% for graft survival. Among 1004 patients identified in the sub-group, BMI of all groups except the underweight group declined in the first three months postoperatively. After the three months, the BMI of all groups except the class Ⅲ obesity group returned to the pre LT level by two years and reached a plateau by five years. In patients with class Ⅲ obesity, there was a significant increase in body weight after long-term follow-up.Conclusion In this study, class Ⅲ obesity is not associated with higher mortality. Obesity, including class Ⅲ obesity, should not be considered a contraindication to LT in the absence of other contraindications. Post-LT interventions are required to prevent significant weight gain in recipients with class Ⅲ obesity after transplantation.
Real-time metabolic heat-based specific growth rate soft sensor for monitoring and control of high molecular weight HA production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus.
Authors: Mohan Naresh , Pavan Satya Sai , Jayakumar Anjali , Rathinavelu Sivakumar , Sivaprakasam Senthilkumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important mucopolysaccharide of higher molecular weight range and holds sheer economic interest. Its applications are widely acknowledged in rheumatoid arthritis treatment, tissue engineering, and cosmetics industries. This present investigation aims for the fed-batch production of high molecular weight range HA by application of real-time metabolic heat measurements. Results: Fed-batch strategies based on Feedforward (FF) and Feedback (FB) control was devised to improve the Molecular Weight (MW) of HA production by S. zooepidemicus . Metabolic heat measurements (Fermentation calorimetry) were modeled to decipher real-time specific growth rate, [[EQUATION]] was looped to the PID circuit, envisaged to control [[EQUATION]] to their desired setpoint values 0.05 [[EQUATION]] , 0.1 [[EQUATION]] and 0.15 [[EQUATION]] respectively. The developed FB strategy established a robust control on maintaining the specific growth rate (µ) close to the [[EQUATION]] value with a minimal tracking error. Exponential feed rate carried out with a lowest [[EQUATION]] of 0.05 [[EQUATION]] improved the MW of HA significantly to 2.98 MDa and 2.94 MDa for the FF and FB based control strategies respectively. An optimal HA titer of 4.73 g/L was achieved in a FF control strategy at [[EQUATION]] . Biomass and Lactic acid (LA) concentrations were found to be concomitant with the increase in [[EQUATION]] from 0.05 [[EQUATION]] to 0.15 [[EQUATION]] . Superior control of µ at low [[EQUATION]] value was observed to influence positively the HA polymerization attributing to improved MW and desired Polydispersity Index (PDI) of HA. Conclusions: This present investigation attempts to address the metabolic bottleneck in synthesis of high MW HA by S. zooepidemicus and illustrates the application of calorimetric fed-batch control of µ at a narrower range. PID control offers advantage over conventional fed-batch method to synthesize HA at an improved MW. Calorimetric signal based µ control by PID negates adverse effects due to the secretion of other metabolites albeit maintaining homeostasis.
Xenacoelomorpha flatworms are basal Deuterostome
Authors: Wang Yi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Whether position Xenacoelomorpha as an early branch of Bilateria (Protostomes + Deuterostomes) has been intensely debated during last several decades. Considering Darwin’s “tree of life”, with the “Phylogenetic Species Concept”, we choose mitochondrial genome as the subject to predict phylogenetic position of Xenacoelomorpha, by genes genealogy. Results: Herein, we sequence Heterochaerus australis’s mitochondrial genome and infer intrinsic relationships of Metazoan with Xenacoelomorpha. The optimal tree under the popular maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions are consensus with each other being strongly supported. The relationship between Chordates, Ambulacrarians and Xenoturbella/Acoelomorph is resolved. To avoid previous query about alignment process, the datasets are alignmented and trimmed automatically. Reducing taxon or cutting outgroups can not affect the relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and other Metazoan. Meanwhile, analysis using CAT model and Dayhoff groups also supporting the prediction made by mtZOA, relaxing the restriction of alignment criteria ( MAFFT, strategy G–ins–1, BLOSUM 62, 45, 30 ) introducing potential misleading signals can not challenge the tree topology indicating our auto-alignmented mitochondrial dataset is not artificially restricted one. Conclusions: Finally, a repeatable prediction of the genes genealogy with reliable statistical support places Xenacoelomorpha as a basal Deuterostome.
Post-abortion Family Planning Utilization and Associated Factors among Women Seeking Abortion Service: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Woldemichael Dereje , Agero Gebi , Jima Aman , Woldemichael Bedasa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with a high prevalence of unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of post-abortion family planning and associated factors among women seeking abortion service in Asella Town health facilities, 2019. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women who came for abortion service from July 15 to October 15, 2019. Two hundred seventy-six participants were included using systematic random sampling technique. Both descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted. In multivariate analysis, variables which had a p-value < 0.05 was considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable. Results: Postabortion family planning utilization among study participants was 146 (53.7%) (95% CI=47.4, 59.2). Formal education (AOR=4.45: 95% CI: (1.18, 16.74)), previous history of abortion (AOR=0.35; 95% CI: (0.14, 0.85)), positive attitude to towards family planning (AOR=2.62; 95% CI: (1.09, 6.27)) and counseled on post abortion family planning utilization (AOR=3.12; 95% CI: (1.30, 7.51)) were significantly associated with post abortion family planning utilization. Conclusions: In this study, nearly fifty percent of the respondents did not utilize Postabortion Family Planning (PAFP). Educational status, history of pervious abortion, a decision when to have a child, attitude toward PAFP utilization and counseling about PAFP were significantly associated with post-abortion family planning utilization. The health care providers who give abortion service should give counseling for all women who get abortion service. More accents should be given to misperception of PAFP to change the negative attitude of utilization of PAFP.
Gestão Orçamentária em Empresas Familiares
Authors: Lugoboni Leonardo Fabris , Miguel Ana Caroline Silva , Silva Bruna Alves Da , Oliveira Geovana De Morais , Santos Junior Valmir de Santana 
Published: December 2020

O orçamento e o planejamento são ferramentas de gestão fundamentais atualmente, por proporcionarem uma visão ampla e atual da organização. Partindo desta premissa, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a pesquisa compreender como é o processo de construção, execução e controle do orçamento em empresas familiares. O projeto consiste no levantamento de dados com 5 empresas familiares distribuidoras de combustíveis, onde foram realizadas as entrevistas com os gerentes financeiros. Após a coleta dos dados, observou-se que o fato dos membros da família interferirem ou se envolverem diretamente na construção, execução e controle do orçamento, pode atrapalhar o processo por meio de divergências de ideias entre os familiares, o que dificulta alguns procedimentos que poderiam ser resolvidos em dias, mas levam semanas para serem concluídos. Por outro lado, percebeu-se também que os processos ocorrem com mais agilidade, o que é um grande diferencial. Além disso, quando o profissionalismo dos familiares é bem estruturado, a empresa ganha um grande diferencial, gerando harmonia entre funcionários e diretores, o que aumenta a competitividade e rapidez.
Pathways Related to the Anti-Cancer Effects of Metabolites Derived from Cerrado Biome Native Plants: An Update and Bioinformatics Analysis on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xavier Guilherme Machado , Guimarães André Luiz Sena , de Carvalho Fraga Carlos Alberto , Guimarães Talita Antunes , de Souza Marcela Gonçalves , Jones Kimberly Marie , Farias Lucyana Conceição 
Published: December 2020

Background::Oral cancer is a significant health problem worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells that mostly affects different anatomical sites in the head and neck and derives from the squamous epithelium or displays similar morphological characteristics. Generally, OSCC is often the end stage of several changes in the stratified squamous epithelium, which begin as epithelial dysplasia and progress by breaking the basement membrane and invading adjacent tissues. Several plant-based drugs with potent anti-cancer effects are considered inexpensive treatments with limited side effects for cancer and other diseases.Objective::The aim of this review is to explore whether some Brazilian plant extracts or constituents exhibit anti-tumorigenic activity or have a cytotoxic effect on human oral carcinoma cells.Methods::Briefly, OSCC and several metabolites derived from Brazilian plants (i.e., flavonoids, vinblastine, irinotecan, etoposide and paclitaxel) were used as keywords to search the literature on PubMed, GenBank and GeneCards.Results::The results showed that these five chemical compounds found in Cerrado Biome plants exhibit anti-neoplastic effects. Evaluating the compounds revealed that they play a main role in the regulation of cell proliferation.Conclusion::Preserving and utilising the biodiversity of our planet, especially in unique ecosystems, such as the Cerrado Biome, may prove essential to preserving and promoting human health in modern contexts.
Natural Products Homoharringtonine and Emetine Alkaloids as SARS-CoV-2 Treatment Options
Authors: Sohrab Sayed S. , Suhail Mohd , Kamal Mohammad A. , Azhar Esam I. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Viruses are known as the major causative agents for infectious diseases globally. The
coronaviruses are one of the serious pathogens to cause serious diseases in humans. Recently identified SARSCoV-
2 from Wuhan City, China, has emerged as a serious threat to human health and caused a global pandemic.
Bats have been confirmed as a primary source of infection. The vaccination of the human population and animals
serving as a potential reservoir is a straightforward strategy to control the transmission of any pathogen to
humans. Natural products from many herbal plants are well known to have novel antiviral properties and evaluated
against various viral diseases. There are many alkaloids that have shown to be effective against coronaviruses.

Methods:
Recently, the antiviral efficacy of natural alkaloids known as Homoharringtonine (HTT) and Emetine
has been evaluated and provided promising results against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoVs. These alkaloids
may be very useful and can be used as antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 because they have already been reported
to inhibit the replication of SASRS-CoV and other viruses in cell lines.

Conclusion:
This review specifically focuses on the recent findings of these alkaloids against coronaviruses
and possible treatment options for SARS-CoV-2. It is expected that natural products as alkaloids from herbal
plants could be considered as novel and valuable candidates for the new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2.