bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Continuous Cropping on Bacterial Community Structure in Rhizospheric Soil of Sweet Potato
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Hu Yaya , Han Meikun , Xu Junjie , Wang Xue , Liu Lanfu , Tang Zhonghou , Jiao Weijing , Jin Rong , Liu Ming , Guan Zhengjun , Ma Zhimin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Continuous cropping obstacles from sweet potato are widespread, which seriously reduce the yield and quality, restrict the sustainable development of sweet potato industry. Bacteria are the most abundant in rhizospheric soil and have a certain relationship with continuous cropping obstacles. However, there are few reports on how continuous cropping affected the bacterial community structure in the rhizospheric soil of sweet potato. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technique was used to explore the changes of rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure of different sweet potato varieties, and the correlation between soil characteristics and this bacterial community after continuous cropping, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of sweet potato continuous cropping obstacles.Results: After two years of continuous cropping, the results showed that (1) the dominant bacteria phlya in rhizospheric soils from both Xushu18 and Yizi138 were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The most dominant genus was Subgroup 6_norank. Significant changes in the relative abundance of rhizospheric soil bacteria were observed for two sweet potato varieties. (2) Bacterial richness and diversity indexes of rhizospheric soil from Xushu18 were higher than those from Yizi138 after continuous cropping. Moreover, the beneficial Lysobacter and Bacillus were more prevalent in Xushu18, but Yizi138 contained more harmful Gemmatimonadetes. (3) Soil pH decreased after continuous cropping, and redundancy analysis showed that soil pH was significantly correlated with bacterial community. Spearman’s rank correlations coefficients analysis demonstrated that pH was positively correlated with Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria, and negatively correlated with Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.Conclusions: After continuous cropping of sweet potato, the bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties in the rhizospheric soil were unbalanced, and the changes of different sweet potato varieties were different. The contents of Lysobacter and Bacillus were higher in the sweet potato variety resistant to continuous cropping. It provides a basis for the development of special microbial fertilizer for sweet potatoes to alleviate continuous cropping obstacle.
Study on the COVID-19 infection status, prevention and control strategies among entry people in Shenzhen
Authors: Wang Jing-Zhong , Zou Xuan , Xu Zi-Qian , Wang Hai-Rui , Wang Bi-Xin , He Jian-Fan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The overseas COVID-19 confirmed cases continue to rise for months, while people overseas prefer to return China at present. It is risky to have a large number of imported cases which may cause a relapse of COVID-19 outbreak. In order to prevent imported infection, Shenzhen government has implemented the closed-loop management strategy by taking nucleic acid testing (NAT) for severe acute respiratory syndromes coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and requiring14-days medical observation for individuals with overseas tour history (Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan province and other countries) within 14 days. Our study aim to describe the status of COVID-19 infection among entry people in Shenzhen, and evaluate the effect of closed-loop management strategy.
Methods

We made a descriptive study and risk analyze by the entry time, reported time, local confirmed cases in origin countries. The NAT were completed in Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention (CDC), ten district-level CDCs, as well as fever clinics.
Results

A total of 86,844 people overseas entered Shenzhen from January 1 to April 18, 2020, there were 39 imported cases and 293 closed contacts. The infection rate of entry people was 4.49‰ (95% CI: 3.26‰ − 6.05‰). 14 imported cases (35.9%) came from the UK, 9 (23.08%) came from the US. Entry people from the US since Mar 9 or from the UK since Mar 13 are the high-risk population. As of July 17, there have been no new confirmed cases in Shenzhen for 153 days, and the number of confirmed case, close contact, and asymptomatic case are 0. So the closed-loop management is effective to prevent imported infection and control domestic relapse. The distribution of entry time and report time for imported cases overseas was similar. So it is important to take closed-loop management at the port.
Conclusions

The risk of imported infection from the US and UK were higher that other countries and regions in Shenzhen. The closed-loop management is effective to prevent imported infection and control domestic relapse. Every country is closely connected under the background of globalization. In order to control COVID-19 outbreak, we need the collaboration and cooperation at the global, national, and subnational levels to prevent, detect, and respond effectively.
Sub-millimeter Light Detection and Ranging Using Perovskites
Authors: Sargent Edward , najarian Amin morteza , Vafaie Maral , Johnston Andrew , Zhu Tong , Wei Mingyang , Saidaminov Makhsud , Hou Yi , Hoogland Sjoerd , de Arquer F. Pelayo Garcia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Resolving the distance and velocity of objects with high accuracy is needed in 3D vision, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) provides this via the temporally-resolved detection of backscattered short-pulsed light from imaged objects1,2. Simultaneous improvements in the speed and signal-to-noise ratio of photodetectors are needed to enable demanding ranging applications. Silicon, in view of its low cost and ease of monolithic integration, has been a primary option for LiDAR photodetectors in the range of 850 to 950 nm; however its indirect bandgap leads to low absorption coefficient in the NIR3,4 and a trade-off between speed and efficiency. Here we report solution-processed PbSn binary perovskite photodetectors that unite external quantum efficiency of 85% at 850 nm with a dark current below 10-8 A/cm2 and response faster than 100 picoseconds. The combined efficiency×speed is >2x higher than in fast silicon photodetectors and >100x higher than in the best previously-reported solution-processed photodetectors. We develop self-limiting self-reduced Sn precursors that enable perovskite crystallization at the desired stoichiometry and prevent the formation of interfacial defects with the hole transport layer. The approach removes oxygen from the solution, converts Sn4+ to Sn2+ through comproportionation, and leaves neither Sn nor SnOx. We resolve sub-mm distances, highlighting the potential of solution-processed perovskite photodetectors in LiDAR.
Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm Arising in A Patient with Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction: A Case Report
Authors: Iwasaki Toshimitsu , Otsuka Yasuhiro , Miyata Yoichi , Einama Takahiro , Tsujimoto Hironori , Ueno Hideki , Ogata Sho , Kishi Yoji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a congenital abnormality in which the pancreatic and biliary ducts join anatomically outside the duodenal wall resulting in the regurgitation of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract (pancreatobiliary reflux). Persistent pancreatobiliary reflux causes injury to the epithelium of the biliary tract and promotes the risk of biliary cancer. Intracholecyctic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) has been highlighted in the context of a cholecystic counterpart of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas and the bile duct, but the tumoriogenesis of ICPNs remains unclearCase presentation: A 52-year-old Japanese woman was referred for the assessment of dilation of the bile duct. Computed tomography revealed an enhanced mass in the gallbladder and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography confirmed that the confluence of main pancreatic duct and extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) was located outside the duodenal wall. Under the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer with PBM, cholecystectomy with full thickness dissection, EHBD resection, lymph node dissection, and hepaticojejunostomy were performed. Macroscopic examination of the resected specimen showed that the cystic duct was dilated and joined into the EHBD just above its confluence with the pancreatic duct, and the inflamed change of noncancerous mucosa of gallbladder indicating that there was considerable mucosal injury due to pancreatobiliary reflux to the gallbladder. Histopathological examination revealed that the gallbladder tumor was a gastric-type ICPN with non-invasive component. Either KRAS gene mutation or p53 protein expression that were known to be associated with the carcinogenesis of biliary cancer under the condition of pancreatobiliary reflux was not detected in the tumor cells of ICPN.Conclusion: The analyses of KRAS gene mutation and p53 protein expression were helpful to elucidate the tumorigenesis of ICPN and indicated there was no apparent association between ICPN and PBM.
Reevaluation of Oral Adjuvant Chemotherapy for T3 Lower Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Collaborative Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kawahara Hidejiro , Ogawa Masaichi , Suwa Katsuhito , Eto Ken 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of oral adjuvant chemotherapy (OAC) for T3 lower rectal cancers without lateral lymph node metastasis.Methods: Between 2010 and 2014, 110 patients with T3 lower rectal cancer without lateral lymph node metastasis, 80 years of age or younger, who underwent curative resection at four Jikei University Hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective study. Of these, 94 patients underwent neither preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) nor intensive chemotherapy after surgery: 47 patients who did not receive OAC for a pathological diagnosis of stage II cancer and 47 patients who did receive OAC for a pathological diagnosis of stage III cancer. The remaining 16 patients received intensive oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy after surgery without preoperative CRT.Results: The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of the 47 patients in stage II was 82.6%, whereas that of the 63 patients in stage III was 63.1% (p=0.033). The 5-year DFS of the 16 patients who received intensive chemotherapy after surgery was 81.3%, which was similar to the DFS of stage II patients, whereas that of the 47 patients with OAC alone was 58.2% (p=0.048).Conclusion: Intensive oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy after surgery was better for 5-year DFS than OAC among stage III patients. OAC is not suitable as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III lower rectal cancer even if no lateral lymph node metastasis is detected.
Cross-sectional Study on Traditional Pork Rearing Practices and Cysticercosis in the South Part of Ivory Coast&nbsp;
Authors: Eugène Koffi Kouassi , Man-Koumba Soumahoro , Marcel Boka O. , Jihen Melki , Borel Ndri , André Touré O. , Joseph Djaman A. , Elieser N’goran K. , Jambou Ronan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In West africa, pig meat know as pork is often supplied by traditional farms in rural areas. This pratice causes important sanitary risk by lack of veterinary control of farms and slaughterhouses in rural areas. The objective of this study was to describe pig husbandry practices used in southern Côte d'Ivoire in order to establish a surveillance system for cysticercosis disease. This survey was carried out among traditional pig breeders living in villages of the district of Dabou, Aboisso and Agboville. The data collected focused on the profile of producers and on the characteristics of the farms. A total of 321 breeders have been identified (Dabou 72 (22.4%), Aboisso 26 (8.1%) and Agboville 223 (69.5%)). Most of the herders were male (87.8%). A total of 3663 heads of pigs were counted with a majority of young pigs (60.2%) and females (29.3%) for 10.5% of male breeders. The local race was predominant (80.6 %) for only 15.5% of half-caste races. Most of the farms used permanent divagation rearing (53.3%). Following investigation of the herds, pigs were randomly samples in all the villages of the three areas using quota methods. Animals were blood sampled and serums were analyzed using Ac-ELISA and Western Blot. Among 639 animals selected, 13,20 % had antibodies against cysticercosis with large variations from one village to another. The study highlights that, in this region, pig farming remains essentially traditional, with free grazing of animals which constitutes a major sanitary risk especially for Taenia solium.
Characteristics of Lymphocyte Subsets and Cytokine Profiles of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Pan Peng-Fei , Du Xin-Xin , Shi Wei-Hua , Li Li , Zhou Qi-Long , Deng Xiao-Chun , Liu Chao , Hu ZongJun , Chen Jian-Guo , Cui Yong , Yu Xiang-You 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To explore the changes in lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their relationship with disease severity. Methods: This study included 228 patients with COVID-19 who were treated at Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital from January 1, 2020 to February 20, 2020. The characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles of severe and mild COVID-19 patients were compared. Of the 228 patients enrolled, 48 were severe patients and 180 were mild patients. Results: Lymphocyte counts, absolute number of total T lymphocytes, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, and total B lymphocytes were significantly lower in severe patients (0.8×109/L, 424.5×106/L, 266×106/L, 145.5×106/L, 109.5×106/L, respectively) than in mild patients (1.2×109/L, 721×106/L, 439.5×106/L, 281.5×106/L, 135×106/L, respectively). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were independent risk factors for developing into severe condition. The lymphocyte subsets decreased and cytokine profiles increased more significantly in severe patients than in mild patients. Conclusions: CRP, NLR, and age may serve as powerful factors for early identification of severe patients.
Social vulnerability of children aged 5 to 15 years to malaria in Madagascar: 3 anthropological studies LLIN use
Authors: NJATOSOA Ammy Fiadanana , Mattern Chiarella , Pourette Dolorès , Kesteman Thomas , Rakotomanana Elliot , Rahaivondrafahitra Bakoly , Andriamananjara Mauricette , Harimanana Aina , Razafindrakoto Jocelyn , Raboanary Emma , Andrianasolo Andry , Rogier Christophe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough it is accepted that long lasting insecticide bed net (LLIN) use is an effective means to prevent malaria, children aged 5 to 15 years do not appear to be sufficiently protected in Madagascar; malaria prevalence is highest in this age group. The purpose of this article is to summarize recent qualitative studies describing LLIN use among children aged 5–15 years and explore options to increase their use in this age group.MethodsQualitative data from three anthropological studies on malaria conducted between 2012 and 2016 in 10 districts of Madagascar were analyzed. These studies cover all malaria epidemiological profiles and 10 of the 18 existing ethnic groups in Madagascar. A thematic analysis was conducted on the collected data from semi-structured interviews, direct observation data, and informal interviews.ResultsA total of 192 semi-structured interviews were conducted. LLINs are generally perceived positively because they protect the health and well-being of users. However, regional representations of mosquito nets may contribute to LLIN nonuse by children over 5 years of age including the association between married status and LLIN use, which leads to the refusal of unmarried young men to sleep under LLINs; the custom of covering the dead with a mosquito net, which leads to fear of LLIN use; and taboos governing sleeping spaces for siblings of opposite sexes, which leads to LLIN shortages in households. Children under 5 years of age are known to be the most vulnerable age group for acquiring malaria and therefore are prioritized for LLIN use when there are limited supplies in households. In contrast, children over 5 years of age, who are perceived to be at less risk for malaria, often sleep without LLINs.ConclusionsPerceptions, social practices and regional beliefs regarding LLINs s and vulnerability to malaria contribute to the nonuse of LLINs among children over 5 years of age in Madagascar. Modifying LLIN policies to account for these factors may increase LLIN use in this age group and reduce disease burden.Trial registrationNot applicable
Susceptibility of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor-1–deficient Mice to Rheumatoid Arthritis From IL-1β–induced Inflammation
Authors: Takashima Yoshinori , Hayashi Shinya , Fukuda Koji , Maeda Toshihisa , Tsubosaka Masanori , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Kikuchi Kenichi , Fujita Masahiro , Kuroda Yuichi , Hashimoto Shingo , Nakano Naoki , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disorder whose progression is modulated by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor 1 (p21) regulates the activation of other CDKs, and we recently reported that p21 deficiency induces susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Here, we focused on joint inflammation to determine the mechanisms associated with p21 function in synovial and cartilage tissues in RA.Methods: p21-knockout (p21-/-) mice and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT p21+/+) mice were used to establish a collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model. The severity of arthritis was evaluated visually, and histological and immunohistological analyses performed 7, 14, and 28 days after injection with a cocktail of five monoclonal antibodies that recognize conserved epitopes on various species of type II collagen. The response of p21 siRNA-treated human RA FLSs to IL-1β stimulation was also determined.Results: Arthritis scores were higher in p21-/- mice than those in p21+/+ mice. More severe and prolonged synovitis of the knee joints and earlier loss of staining and cartilage destruction were observed in p21-/- mice than in p21+/+ mice. p21-/- mice expressed higher levels of IL-1β, F4/80, p-IKKα/β, and MMPs in cartilage and synovial tissues at each time point, except for before injection of the monoclonal antibodies, via IL-1β-induced NF-kB signaling. IL-1β stimulation significantly increased MMP expression and enhanced IKKα/β phosphorylation in human FLSs.Conclusion: p21-deficient CAIA mice are susceptible to alterations in the RA phenotype, including joint cartilage destruction and severe synovitis, via IL-1β-induced inflammation. Therefore, p21 regulation may constitute a possible strategy for RA treatment.
Interaction between early-life pet exposure and methylation pattern of ADAM33 on Allergic Rhinitis among a cohort of kindergartens in China
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tan Meiyu , Qian Xiaoqiong , Li Cong , Yue Lei , Liu Yuehong , Shi Song 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Recent research has pointed out the important role of epigenetic modifications in the development and persistence of Allergic Rhinitis (AR), especially DNA methylation. We investigated whether AR susceptibility genes are epigenetically regulated, and whether methylation modulation of these genes in response to early-life environment could be a molecular mechanism underlying the risk of AR in a cohort of kindergartens in China.
Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) samples were collected from 130 kindergarten patients, aged 3–6 years with AR and 154 matched healthy controls to detect promoter methylation in 25 AR susceptibility genes with the MethylTarget approach. Methylation level was compared for each CpG site, each amplified region, and each gene. In addition, the relationship among DNA methylation, early-life environment risk factors and AR were assessed.
Results

Maternal allergic history (P = 0.0390) and exposure to pet (P = 0.0339) were significantly associated with increase AR risk. Differential methylation analyses were successfully performed for 507 CpG sites, 34 amplified regions and 17 genes and significant hypomethylation was observed in the promoter region of ADAM33 in AR patients [multiple test-corrected (FDR) P-value < 0.05]. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the hypermethylation of ADAM33 was significantly associated with lower serum total eosinophil counts (Spearman's ρ: -0.187, P-value = 0.037). According to the results of the multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for cofounders, the interaction of early-life pet exposure and methylation level of ADAM33 increased the risk of AR 1.423 times in kindergartens (95% CI = 0.0290–4.109, P-value = 0.005).
Conclusion

This study provides evidence that early-life pet exposure and low methylation level of ADAM33 increase AR risk in kindergartens, and the interaction between pet exposure and methylation level of ADAM33 may play an important role in the development of AR.
Loco-Regional Recurrence Trend and Prognosis in Young Women With Breast Cancer According to Molecular Subtypes
Authors: Li Yang , Lu Su , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Shuaibing , Liu Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose The number of young patients diagnosed with breast cancer is on the rise. We studied the rate trend of local recurrence (LR) and regional recurrence (RR) in young breast cancer (YBC) patients and outcomes among these patients based on molecular subtypes. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on data from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital for patients ≤35 years of age with pathologically-confirmed primary invasive breast cancer surgically treated between 2006 and 2014. Patients were categorized according to molecular subtypes on the basis of hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. The 5-year rates for LR, RR, and distant metastases were estimated by Kaplan-Meir statistics. Nelson-Aalen cumulative-hazard plots were used to describe local recurrence- and distant metastases-free intervals. Results We identified 25,284 patients with a median follow-up of 82 months, of whom 1099 (4.3%) were YBC patients ≤35 years of age. The overall 5-year local, regional, and distant recurrence rates in YBC patients were 6.7%, 5.1%, and 16.6%, respectively. The LR and RR rates demonstrated a decreasing trend over time (P=0.028 and P=0.015, respectively). We found that early-stage breast cancer and less lymph node metastases increased over time (P=0.004 and P=0.007, respectively). Patients with HR-/HER2+ status had a significantly higher LR (HR 20.4; 95% CI,11.8-35.4) and DM (HR 37.2; 95% CI, 24.6-56.3) at 10 years. In the overall population, the 5-year survival of YBC patients exceeded 90%. Conclusion The rates of LR and RR with YBC patients demonstrated a downward trend and the proportion of early-stage breast cancer increased between 2006 and 2014. We report that the outcomes varied with molecular subtypes and patients with HR-/HER2+ status had the worst survival.