bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the effect of f‐functions in predicting the right reaction mechanism for hypervalent iodine reagents
Authors: Sun Tian‐Yu , Chen Kai , Zhou Huakang , You Tingting , Yin Penggang , Wang Xiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo understand the effect of f‐functions in predicting the right reaction mechanism for hypervalent iodine reagents, we adopt the Ahlrichs basis set family def2‐SVP and def2‐TZVP to revisit the potential energy surfaces of IBX‐mediated oxidation and Togni I's isomerisation. Our results further prove that f‐functions (in either Pople, Dunning, or Ahlrichs basis set series) are indispensable to predict the correct rate‐determining step of hypervalent iodine reagents. The f‐functions have a significant impact on the predicted reaction barriers for processes involving the IX (X = O, OH, CF3, etc.) bond cleavage and formation, for example, in the reductive elimination step or the hypervalent twist step. We furthermore explore two hypervalent twist modes that account for the different influences of f‐functions for IBX and Togni I. Our findings may be helpful for theoretical chemists to appropriately study the reaction mechanism of hypervalent iodine reagents.
Strength training protects against prostate injury in alcoholic rats
Authors: Teixeira Giovana Rampazzo , Chuffa Luiz Gustavo Almeida , Mendes Leonardo Oliveira , Veras Allice Santos Cruz , McCabe James , Favaro Wagner José , Pinheiro Patricia Fernanda Felipe , Amorim João Paulo Arruda , Martins Otávio Augusto , Mello‐Junior Wilson , Martinez Francisco Eduardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlcoholic injury can alter the hormonal signaling pathway and lead to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. In this study, we investigated whether the strength training could exert protective effects against the alterations caused by ethanol consumption on prostatic metabolism. A UChB, ethanol‐preferring rats were used in this study. Strength training was conducted for 3 days per week for 13 weeks, rats performed jumps in water carrying a weight load strapped to their chests as part of a strength training protocol. The reduced alcohol consumption by strength training was accompanied by increased glucose, serum lipid profile, total protein levels, and reduced hormonal levels. The results of protein expression of prostatic tissues in the ethanol‐ and strength training‐treated groups indicated that “steroidal hormone receptors,” “fatty acid translocation,” and “cell regulation” were significantly different between ethanol‐ and strength training‐treated groups. Taken together, these findings show that strength training effectively ameliorated prostatic injuries in alcoholic rats at least partially by acting on lipids receptors and steroidal hormone receptors pathway, suggesting the strength training as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating prostate injuries caused by ethanol.
Zika virus infection of first trimester trophoblast cells affects cell migration, metabolism and immune homeostasis control
Authors: Vota Daiana , Torti María , Paparini Daniel , Giovannoni Federico , Merech Fátima , Hauk Vanesa , Calo Guillermina , Ramhorst Rosanna , Garcia Cybele , Pérez Leirós Claudia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) re‐emerged after circulating almost undetected for many years and the last spread in 2015 was the major outbreak reported. ZIKV infection was associated with congenital fetal growth anomalies such as microcephaly, brain calcifications, and low birth weight related to fetal growth restriction. In this study, we investigated the effect of ZIKV infection on first trimester trophoblast cell function and metabolism. We also studied the interaction of trophoblast cells with decidual immune populations. Results presented here demonstrate that ZIKV infection triggered a strong antiviral response in first trimester cytotrophoblast‐derived cells, impaired cell migration, increased glucose uptake and GLUT3 expression, and reduced brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. ZIKV infection also conditioned trophoblast cells to favor a tolerogenic response since an increased recruitment of CD14+ monocytes bearing an anti‐inflammatory profile, increased CD4+ T cells and NK CD56Dim and NK CD56Bright populations and an increment in the population CD4+ FOXP3+ IL‐10+ cells was observed. Interestingly, when ZIKV infection of trophoblast cells occurred in the presence of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) there was lower detection of viral RNA and reduced toll‐like receptor‐3 and viperin messenger RNA expression, along with reduced CD56Dim cells trafficking to trophoblast conditioned media. The effects of ZIKV infection on trophoblast cell function and immune‐trophoblast interaction shown here could contribute to defective placentation and ZIKV persistence at the fetal‐maternal interface. The inhibitory effect of VIP on ZIKV infection of trophoblast cells highlights its potential as a candidate molecule to interfere ZIKV infection during early pregnancy.
Renewable fuels from different carbonaceous feedstocks: a sustainable route through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Gupta Pavan K , Kumar Vineet , Maity Sudip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process is an alternative route to produce petroleum crude equivalent, as this process converts carbonaceous feedstock‐derived (e.g. coal, biomass, natural gas) syngas to synthetic liquid fuels and chemicals. The technology also is known as gas‐to‐liquid (GTL), coal‐to‐liquid (CTL) and biomass‐to‐liquid (BTL) depending on the source of the syngas. Global demand for clean transportation fuels, volatile oil prices, unstable market scenarios and dwindling reserves of petroleum crude are the major drivers for fostering the FT process. FT‐derived synthetic liquid fuel has enormous potential to replace petroleum crude‐based transportation fuels. There is a possibility that individual countries can produce significant shares of their fuel using CTL, GTL and BTL technologies which help during shortages/peak oil circumstances. The present article summarizes the development of conversion of the different carbonaceous feedstock to liquid fuel including syngas generation, as well as catalytic conversion to liquid fuel via the FT route. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Diagnosis of a giant left atrial appendage aneurysm by contrast‐enhanced echocardiography: Case report and literature review
Authors: Yanli Zhang , Xiaocong Wang , Liping Pei , Yan Ma , Wei Yu , Shu Jiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLeft atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA) is a rare pathologic entity that can be congenital or, more frequently, acquired. Its complications include arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, palpitations, hiccups, chest pain, dyspnea, and myocardial infarction. LAAA can be isolated or associated with other congenital anomalies such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, anomalous renal artery, Noonan syndrome, and Hurler‐Scheie syndrome. We report a rare case of giant LAA with intra‐aneurysmal thrombus diagnosed by contrast‐enhanced echocardiography.
Phosphorus mobilization from intact soil monoliths flooded under simulated summer versus spring snowmelt with intermittent freeze–thaw conditions
Authors: Weerasekara Chamara , Kumaragamage Darshani , Akinremi Wole , Indraratne Srimathie , Goltz Doug 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnhanced phosphorus (P) release from flooded, anaerobic soils has been extensively studied under summer temperatures but not under cold temperatures with intermittent freeze–thaw events. We investigated the temperature and freeze–thaw effects during flooding on the release of P to floodwater from soil monoliths (15‐cm depth) collected from eight agricultural fields in Manitoba. Soil monoliths were flooded with reverse osmosis water and incubated for 56 d under simulated summer flooding (SSF; 22 ± 1 °C) or snowmelt flooding with intermittent freeze–thaw (IFT; 4 ± 1 °C with intermittent freezing) in triplicates. Redox potential (Eh), pore water and floodwater dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations, pH, and concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn were determined weekly. In seven soils, Eh decreased rapidly with days after flooding (DAF) under SSF to values <200 mV but not under IFT. Both pore water and floodwater DRP concentrations significantly increased with DAF in all soils under SSF and in seven soils under IFT. Although DRP concentrations were consistently greater under SSF than IFT in four soils, other soils had similar concentrations at certain DAF. Significant relationships between ion concentrations and redox status that fitted both IFT and SSF data in most soils suggest that similar redox‐driven mechanisms are responsible for the P release; however, less P was released under IFT than under SSF because soils were not severely reduced under IFT. Substantial P release in a few soils under IFT appeared to be unrelated to redox status, suggesting other P release mechanisms that are not redox driven.
Thymus development in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) from an ecoimmunology perspective
Authors: Kernen Larissa , Rieder Jessica , Duus Annette , Holbech Henrik , Segner Helmut , Bailey Christyn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe thymus is present in all gnathostome vertebrates and is an essential organ for the adaptive immune system via the generation of functional mature T‐cells. Over the life span of mammals, the thymus undergoes morphological and functional alterations, including an age‐related involution, which in humans starts in early life. Life history tradeoffs have been suggested as possible reasons for thymus involution. While in teleost fish, only a few studies have investigated alterations of thymus structure and function over different life stages, resulting in a fragmented database. Here, we investigated the thymus growth of zebrafish (Danio rerio) from early life, throughout puberty and reproductive stage, up to 1‐year‐old. We assessed thymus growth by histological and morphometric analyses and thymocyte numbers. Thymus function was assessed by measuring the transcripts of the thymocyte marker genes,ikaros,tcrα, andtcrδ. Additionally, we analyzed gonad maturity and tail homogenate vitellogenin concentrations to align thymus status with the status of the reproductive system. Our results showed that the zebrafish thymus, in contrast to the human thymus, grew strongly during early life and puberty but started to undergo involution when the fish reached the reproductive age. The involution was characterized by reduced thymus area and thymocyte number, altered histoarchitecture, and decreasing thymocyte marker gene transcript levels. Our findings suggest that age‐related changes of the zebrafish thymus do exist and could be partly explained in terms of resource tradeoffs, but also in terms of the ontogenetically late development of a functional adaptive immune system in teleosts.
Single‐stage revision of MRSA orthopedic device‐related infection in sheep with an antibiotic‐loaded hydrogel
Authors: Foster Andrew L. , Boot Willemijn , Stenger Valentina , D'Este Matteo , Jaiprakash Anjali , Eglin David , Zeiter Stephan , Richards Robert G. , Moriarty Thomas F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLocal antimicrobial therapy is an integral aspect of treating orthopedic device‐related infection (ODRI), which is conventionally administered via polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. PMMA, however, is limited by a suboptimal antibiotic release profile and a lack of biodegradability. In this study, we compare the efficacy of PMMA versus an antibiotic‐loaded hydrogel in a single‐stage revision for chronic methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ODRI in sheep. Antibiofilm activity of the antibiotic combination (gentamicin and vancomycin) was determined in vitro. Swiss alpine sheep underwent a single‐stage revision of a tibial intramedullary nail with MRSA infection. Local gentamicin and vancomycin therapy was delivered via hydrogel or PMMA (n = 5 per group), in conjunction with systemic antibiotic therapy. In vivo observations included: local antibiotic tissue concentration, renal and liver function tests, and quantitative microbiology on tissues and hardware post‐mortem. There was a nonsignificant reduction in biofilm with an increasing antibiotic concentration in vitro (p = 0.12), confirming the antibiotic tolerance of the MRSA biofilm. In the in vivo study, four out of five sheep from each treatment group were culture‐negative. Antibiotic delivery via hydrogel resulted in 10–100 times greater local concentrations for the first 2–3 days compared with PMMA and were comparable thereafter. Systemic concentrations of gentamicin were minimal or undetectable in both groups, while renal and liver function tests were within normal limits. This study shows that a single‐stage revision with hydrogel or PMMA is equally effective, although the hydrogel offers certain practical benefits over PMMA, which make it an attractive proposition for clinical use.
Safety Findings in Pediatric Patients During Long‐Term Treatment With Teduglutide for Short‐Bowel Syndrome–Associated Intestinal Failure: Pooled Analysis of 4 Clinical Studies
Authors: Hill Susan , Carter Beth A. , Cohran Valeria , Horslen Simon , Kaufman Stuart S. , Kocoshis Samuel A. , Mercer David F. , Merritt Russell J. , Pakarinen Mikko P. , Protheroe Susan , Thompson John F. , Vanderpool Charles P. B. , Venick Robert S. , Wales Paul W. , Smith Sharon E. , Yoon MinJung , Grimm Andrew A. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThis analysis assessed combined safety data from 4 clinical studies of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short‐bowel syndrome–associated intestinal failure (SBS–IF).MethodsSafety data from teduglutide‐treated patients in 4 clinical trials were pooled. The completed 12‐week and 24‐week phase 3 core studies (NCT01952080/EudraCT 2013‐004588‐30 and NCT02682381/EudraCT 2015‐002252‐27) enrolled children aged 1–17 years with SBS–IF. Patients could elect to enroll in ongoing open‐label extensions (NCT02949362/EudraCT 2016‐000863‐17 and NCT02954458/EudraCT 2016‐000849‐30). Interim data from ongoing studies were included.ResultsSafety data are reported for 89 pediatric patients treated with teduglutide for a median (range) of 51.7 (5.0–94.7) weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in all patients; the most common were vomiting (51.7%), pyrexia (43.8%), upper respiratory tract infection (41.6%), and cough (33.7%). Thirty‐five patients (39.3%) had AEs considered related to teduglutide treatment; abdominal pain and vomiting were most frequent (5.6% each). Three serious AEs in 3 patients (3.4%) were considered related to teduglutide treatment: ileus, d‐lactic acidosis, and gastrointestinal obstruction due to hard stools. All 3 events resolved. One cecal polyp was detected, which was not biopsied or found on repeat colonoscopy. No cases of neoplasia occurred.ConclusionBased on integrated data from 4 clinical studies, including long‐term follow‐up for ≤161 weeks, teduglutide had a safety profile consistent with the individual core pediatric studies and as expected for pediatric patients with SBS–IF who never received teduglutide. The most frequent AEs reflected treatment with teduglutide, complications of the underlying disease, and typical childhood illnesses.
Optimized pulsed electric field‐assisted extraction of biosurfactants from Chubak (Acanthophyllum squarrosum) root and application in ice cream
Authors: Khosrow Shahi Sara , Didar Zohreh , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali , Vazifedoost Mohsen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, a face‐centered central composite design was applied to optimize pulsed electric field parameters (voltage: 1, 4, 7 kV cm−1; pulse number: 10, 65, 120) for the extraction of natural saponins from Chubak root. Data analysis showed that increasing the voltage from 1 to 4 kV cm−1 and pulse number from 10 to 65 increased foaming ability (FA) and emulsion stability, and decreased foam density (FD), foam stability (FS) and lightness, due to the improved extraction of saponins.RESULTSWhereas, an opposite trend was observed for FA, FD and FS on increasing the voltage from 4 to 7 kV cm−1 as a result of more impurities being extracted. Furthermore, the Chubak root extract (CRE) (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g kg−1) obtained under the optimized conditions (voltage of 6.4 kV cm−1 and pulse number of 80) was used in ice cream formulation because of its ability to reduce surface tension. Based on the results, the samples containing higher amounts of CRE showed higher viscosity, consistency coefficient, overrun, melting resistance and creaminess, as well as lower values of flow behavior index, hardness, adhesiveness, coarseness and coldness. This could be related to the increased water retention, improved whipping ability, greater fat destabilization and smaller ice crystals. Although more bitterness was perceived as a result of an increase in the level of CRE, it had no negative effect on the overall acceptance assessed by trained sensory panelists.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study briefly support the conclusion that CRE has a very high potential for use as a foaming, emulsifying and stabilizing agent to improve the quality of ice cream. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous‐flow microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with online single drop microextraction prior to GC‐MS for determination of amide herbicides in rice samples
Authors: Wu Lijie , Li Zhanchao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA rapid method based on continuous‐flow microwave‐assisted extraction and online single drop microextraction was first developed and applied to the determination of amide herbicides in rice. The present method has the advantages of both continuous‐flow microwave‐assisted extraction and online single drop microextraction, which combines extraction, separation, preconcentration, and sample introduction in one step. By continuous‐flow microwave‐assisted extraction, analytes were first extracted from the rice samples using 15% methanol–water, and then concentrated into single drop. The microdrop was retracted into microsyringe and directly analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry without any filtration or clean‐up process. The method greatly simplifies the sample treatment procedure, reduces consumption of toxic organic solvent, and extends the application of single drop microextraction to complex solid samples. Several parameters were optimized by Box–Behnken design. Under optimal experimental conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 2.0–500.0 μg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.3–1.5 and 1.1–5.1 μg/kg, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were between 1.9 and 4.8%. The present method was used to the analysis of real rice samples, and the recoveries of analytes were between 80.3 and 102.3% with the relative standard deviations ranging from 1.1 to 6.9%.
Rigid Video Laryngoscopy for Intubation in Severe Pierre Robin Sequence: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Peterson Joseph D. , Puricelli Michael D. , Alkhateeb Ahmed , Figueroa Aaron D. , Fletcher Steven L. , Smith Richard J. H. , Kacmarynski Deborah S. F. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe anatomy of children with severe Pierre Robin sequence can present a challenge for direct laryngoscopy and intubation. Advanced techniques including flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopic intubation have been described but require highly specialized skill and equipment. Rigid video laryngoscopy is more accessible but has not been described in this population.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA retrospective review was completed at a tertiary care center of all children between January 2016 and March 2020 with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent a mandibular distraction osteogenesis procedure. Intubation events were collected, and a descriptive analysis was performed. A univariate logistic regression model was applied to direct laryngoscopy and flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy with rigid video laryngoscopy as a reference.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were identified with a total of 56 endotracheal events. All patients were successfully intubated. Direct laryngoscopy was successful at first intubation attempt in 47.3% (9/19) of events. Six direct laryngoscopy events required switching to another device. Rigid video laryngoscopy was successful at first intubation attempt in 80.5% (29/36) of events. Two cases required switching to another device. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy was found successful at first intubation attempt in 88.9% (8/9) of events. Direct laryngoscopy was 4 times more likely to fail first intubation attempt when compared to rigid video laryngoscopy (P < .05). There was no significant difference between rigid video laryngoscopy and flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy for intubation.ConclusionsFor children with Pierre Robin sequence rigid video laryngoscopy should be considered as a first attempt intubation device both in the operating room and for emergent situations.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1647–1651, 2021
Comparison of Autofluorescence With Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Between Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Takeuchi Mika , Takahashi Takeshi , Shodo Ryusuke , Ota Hisayuki , Ueki Yushi , Yamazaki Keisuke , Horii Arata 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the role of autofluorescence (AF) monitoring with near‐infrared fluorescence imaging (NIFI) in identifying parathyroid lesions in primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism (P‐HPT or S‐HPT) surgeries.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsTwelve lesions each were resected from 12 and 3 patients with P‐HPT and S‐HPT, respectively. The mean and maximum AF intensities of the lesions normalized to that of the thyroid tissue for in situ and ex vivo preparations were compared between P‐HPT and S‐HPT. Subjective visual classifications of AF intensity were compared with postoperative quantitative assessments. The unevenness of AF distribution inside the lesions was assessed by determining the ratio of maximum to mean AF intensity and comparing them with the corresponding ratio for normal parathyroid glands (PGs).ResultsIn all quantitative comparisons (in situ/ex vivo, mean, and maximum AF), AF intensities of P‐HPT were stronger than those of S‐PHT. The AF‐positive rate in in situ subjective visual classification was higher for P‐HPT (100% vs. 33%). Subjective visual classifications showed a positive correlation with AF intensities. The ratio of maximum to mean AF was higher in P‐HPT and S‐HPT than in normal PGs.ConclusionsFor P‐HPT, AF intensity in both in situ and ex vivo preparations was sufficiently high and correlated with the subjective visual classification, suggesting that NIFI may be useful for confirming P‐HPT lesions. In contrast, NIFI may have only a minor role in S‐HPT surgeries owing to the weak‐AF of S‐HPT lesions. HPT lesions show an uneven AF intensity distribution compared with normal PGs.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2097–E2104, 2021