bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The home visit communication skills inventory: Piloting a tool to measure community health worker fidelity to training in rural South Africa
Authors: Laurenzi Christina A. , Gordon Sarah , Skeen Sarah , Coetzee Bronwynè J. , Bishop Julia , Chademana Emma , Tomlinson Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCommunity‐based home visiting programs using community health workers (CHWs) have become popular modes of delivering health care services, especially in settings where health workers are overburdened and resources are limited. Yet, little is known about the processes that shape effective implementation in low‐resource settings, and whether these processes adhere to home visitors’ training. This study used the newly‐developed Home Visit Communication Skills Inventory (HCSI) to explore the delivery of a CHW program in rural South Africa. Routine home visits from CHWs to their maternal care clients were audio‐recorded with consent, and later transcribed and translated into English. The HCSI, devised and piloted using existing frameworks and program‐specific training components, consisted of 21 items covering domains related to active listening, active delivery, and active connecting, and was used to score English transcripts of the home visits. The HCSI was used to generate general frequencies and aggregate scores for each CHW. Eighty‐four home visits by 14 CHWs showed a diverse application of communication skills. Active listening and active delivery were common, with fewer instances of active connecting observed. Practices disaggregated by CHW showcased varying strengths by an individual. In reviewing visit characteristics, longer average visit duration was significantly correlated with the presence of multiple types of active connecting skills. While technical skills were widely observed, fewer CHWs engaged in more complex “connecting” skills. The HCSI is a feasible, low‐cost, and practical way to describe home visit fidelity among CHWs. Audio‐based checklists can be used to describe fidelity to a model in the absence of additional supervisory resources.
The research on multi‐responsive azobenzene block copolymer and its self‐assembly behavior
Authors: Cao Ying , Cao Jie , Zhang Jiatian , Zhang Dandan , Li Meng , Xu Yiting , He Kaibin , Chen Guorong , Yuan Conghui , Dai Lizong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe azobenzene‐based amphiphilic copolymers have drawn significant attention as a kind of multi‐responsive smart materials. The demand on deeper investigation of how the azobenzene group influences the micelles formation and light‐responsive behavior on molecular level is very urgent. In this article, multi‐responsive block copolymers, poly (acrylic acid)‐block‐poly[4'‐[[(2‐Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]ethylainino]azobenzene‐co‐poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PAA‐b‐P (AzoMA‐co‐PEGMA)), with pH‐, light‐ and reduction‐responsiveness were synthesized by the monomers of AzoMA, PEGMA and acrylic acid via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). The amphiphilic block copolymer presented aggregation‐induced emission effect, and it was pH, light, and reduction responsive. The results showed that the micelle size decreased with the decreasing of pH within a certain range. However, the particle size of micelles increased significantly when the pH was 4. Once adding reduction agent, the micelles were disassembly. Fluorescent molecule of Nile red was selected as a hydrophobic guest molecule to study the properties of encapsulating and releasing abilities of block copolymer micelles for guest molecules. The results showed that the loading capacity of three kinds of copolymer micelles was closely related to the aggregates formed by the hydrophobic block, mainly azobenzene block. Besides, the block copolymer micelles could release a certain amount of Nile red under the irradiation of UV light, the reduction with Na2S2O4 as reductant, and the exposure to alkaline environment. The mechanism of how the different status of azobenzene group influenced the self‐assembly and multi‐responsive behavior was explored on molecular level.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement following CD19‐specific chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric patients
Authors: Arnold Danielle E. , Maude Shannon L. , Callahan Colleen A. , DiNofia Amanda M. , Grupp Stephan A. , Heimall Jennifer R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwenty‐eight patients were maintained on subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement for persistent B‐cell aplasia and agammaglobulinemia following CD19‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for B‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Patients were transitioned from intravenous to subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement at a median of 11.5 months (range, 4‐20). Increasing serum IgG level was significantly associated with a lower rate of sinopulmonary infection (P = 0.0072). The median serum IgG level during infection‐free periods was 1000 mg/dL (range, 720‐1430), which was significantly higher than IgG levels in patients with sinopulmonary infections. As such, we recommend maintaining a goal IgG level > 1000 mg/dL to provide optimal protection.
Transverse impact responses and failure mechanism of 3D braided composites by mesostructure model
Authors: Lyu Zheng‐Qiang , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Ya‐Lan , Chen Ting , Zhang Yan , Guo Chong‐Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article aims to establish a full‐size mesostructure model of three‐dimensional (3D) braided composites based on the real structural characteristics, to explore the transverse impact response characteristics and failure mechanism of 3D braided composites at different impact speeds. The results showed that four stress wave cycles were applied on the composite and decreased gradually. The corresponding displacement, peak load, and energy absorption capacity were investigated. All the values increased with the increase of impact velocity. In addition, the stress propagation features into length, width, and thickness directions of composite were distinctly different. Finally, the failure modes and damage morphologies were examined to reveal the failure mechanism of 3D braided composite under transverse impact loading.
Acid‐catalyzed decomposition and stability of diazofuranones: Experimental and mechanistic study
Authors: Semenok Dmitrii , Mereshchenko Andrey S. , Medvedev Jury , Visentin Giorgio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReactions of substituted 4‐diazotetrahydrofurane‐3‐ones with various acids (pKa < 3) irrespective of acid strength give rise to elimination of nitrogen with subsequent 1,2‐nucleophilic migration of aryl (alkyl) groups from C‐5 to C‐4 position of heterocyclic core with quantitative formation of regioisomeric 3(2Н)furanones (yields up to 99%). Regioselectivity of this acid‐catalyzed process increases with the decreasing of solvent polarity and strongly depends on the nature of substituents in the aryl groups. The suggested mechanism of this reaction via intermediate RN2+ cation was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the PBE0/6‐31+G(d) functional due to good agreement between calculated and experimental data on the acid stability of diazoketones in different solvents.
Small for gestational age birth may increase airflow limitation in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Kim Yoon Hee , Kim Kyung Won , Eun Ho Sun , Shin Jung Eun , Sol In Suk , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Young Suh , Sohn Myung Hyun , Namgung Ran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine significant indices for assessing the pulmonary function of infants according to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and to evaluate whether small for gestational age (SGA) could affect pulmonary function in BPD.MethodsWe evaluated 117 preterm infants who had undergone tidal breathing flow‐volume loop and multiple‐breath washout analyses within 7 months after birth. We categorized preterm infants according to BPD severity into mild/moderate BPD (n = 86), severe BPD (n = 21), and without BPD (n = 10) and the presence of SGA or appropriate gestational age (AGA) using the Fenton growth chart. We evaluated nine healthy term infants as controls.ResultsThe tidal breathing ratio (time to peak expiratory flow/expiratory time [tPEF/tE]) was significantly lower in infants with severe BPD than in those with mild/moderate BPD. Lung clearance index (LCI) was not different based on BPD severity. In the correlation analysis after adjusting for gestational age and sex, tPEF/tE was correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (r = −0.347, P < .001) and the duration of oxygen supply (r = −0.248, P = .013) in infants with BPD. The proportion of “lower tPEF/tE,” defined as below the cut‐off value, was greater in SGA infants (P = .017), while no significant difference was seen in the percentage of “higher LCI,” defined as above the cut‐off value between SGA and AGA infants.ConclusionsIn infants with BPD, tPEF/tE could be a useful pulmonary index which shows lower values in severe BPD. The finding of SGA in infants with BPD could be associated with poor pulmonary function related to the tPEF/tE values.
Reference values of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure in healthy children
Authors: Marcelino Ana A. , Fregonezi Guilherme A. , Lira Maria G. A. , de Oliveira Layana M. , Araújo Palomma R. S. , Parreira Verônica F. , de Andrade Arméle D. , Resqueti Vanessa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine reference values of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) in healthy children.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study included healthy children aged 6 to 11 years of both sexes. The volunteers underwent a pulmonary function test to rule out respiratory disorders. Respiratory muscle strength was measured using maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), respectively, with MIP close to functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume, while MEP to total lung capacity. SNIP was performed through the nostril contralateral to the occlusion, close to FRC. Two 6‐minute walk tests were performed to assess functional exercise capacity.ResultsThe sample comprised 121 healthy children (62 girls); 54% presented body mass index (BMI) percentile less than 85th and 46% more than equal to 85th percentile, higher than expected. SNIP values were similar between sexes (91.1 ± 21.0 cmH2O in girls and 87.7 ± 19.4 cmH2O in boys; P = .36) as well as the means of lower limits of normal (56.88 cmH2O for girls and 56.66 cmH2O for boys). Girls presented SNIP measurements larger than those of the MIP of FRC (P < .0001), while boys presented similar mean values for both. We found a positive correlation between SNIP and BMI percentile (r = .25, P = .04) in girls, unlike boys, in whom no correlation was observed.ConclusionsSNIP reference values and mean lower limits of normal were defined for healthy children aged 6 to 11. BMI percentile seems to positively influence the inspiratory muscle strength measured by SNIP in girls only.
The clinical predictive factors and postoperative histopathological parameters associated with upgrading after radical prostatectomy: A contemporary analysis with grade groups
Authors: Erdem Selcuk , Verep Samed , Bagbudar Sidar , Ozluk Yasemin , Sanli Oner , Ozcan Faruk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimUpgrading after radical prostatectomy (RP) is an ongoing problem since first description of Gleason score. In this retrospective study, our aim is to investigate upgrading after RP in grade groups (GG) and clinical predictive, and postoperative histopathological factors associated with GG upgrading (GGU).Patients and MethodsA total of 753 patients undergoing RP between January 2006 and June 2019 at our institution were investigated. Overall cohort were divided into two groups according to GGU status after RP as nonupgrading and upgrading. Retrospectively documented preoperative clinical and postoperative histopathological parameters were compared between two groups. Furthermore, we investigated a subgroup of institutional cohort (n = 398) whose prostate biopsy (Pbx) and RP were performed in our institution and we also divided this cohort into two groups according to GGU status. χ2 and Mann‐Whitney U tests were used for comparative analyses. The independent preoperative predictive and postoperative histopathological factors associated with GGU were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe total GGU was 55.8% in overall cohort and 45.2% in institutional cohort. The GGU was found as the most common in bioptic GG1 group in both overall (64.0%), and institutional (54.5%) cohorts. In multivariate analyses, the noninstitutional Pbx (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86‐3.51; P < .001), tumor positive core numbers in Pbx (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.04‐1.19; P = .003), increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) density (OR = 3.59; 95%CI: 1.03‐12.52, P = .045) and age (OR = 1.03; 95%CI: 1.00‐1.05, P = .046) were independent clinical predictors of GGU in overall cohort whereas only increased PSA density (OR = 5.94; 95%CI: 1.28‐27.50; P = .023) was independent predictor in institutional cohort. Among postoperative histopathological factors, perineural invasion (OR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.70‐3.87; P < .001 and OR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.46‐4.40; P = .001, respectively), increased maximum tumor diameter (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.23‐1.73; P < .001 and OR = 1.33; 95%CI: 1.07‐1.66; P = .010, respectively), and high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) existence at tumor surrounding tissue (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.32‐2.90; P = .001 and OR = 1.87; 95%CI: 1.10‐3.21; P = .022, respectively) were independently associated with GGU after RP, in both of overall and institutional cohorts.ConclusionsNoninstitutional prostate biopsy, increased PSA density, higher tumor positive cores in Pbx and older age are the clinical predictors of upgrading after RP in contemporary GG. Perineural invasion, increased maximum tumor diameter, and HGPIN existence at tumor surrounding tissue are postoperative histopathological factors associated with GGU.
Activity of native tick kinins and peptidomimetics on the cognate target G protein‐coupled receptor from the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Xiong Caixing , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Zabrocki Janusz , Nachman Ronald J , Pietrantonio Patricia V 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDKinins are multifunctional neuropeptides that regulate key insect physiological processes such as diuresis, feeding, and ecdysis. However, the physiological roles of kinins in ticks are unclear. Furthermore, ticks have an expanded number of kinin paracopies in the kinin gene. Silencing the kinin receptor (KR) in females of Rhipicephalus microplus reduces reproductive fitness. Thus, it appears the kinin signaling system is important for tick physiology and its disruption may have potential for tick control.RESULTSWe determined the activities of endogenous kinins on the KR, a G protein‐coupled receptor, and identified potent peptidomimetics. Fourteen predicted R. microplus kinins (Rhimi‐K), and 11 kinin analogs containing aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) were tested. The latter incorporated tick kinin sequences and/or were modified for enhanced resistance to arthropod peptidases. A high‐throughput screen using a calcium fluorescence assay in 384‐well plates was performed. All tested kinins and Aib analogs were full agonists. The most potent kinin and two kinin analogs were equipotent. Analogs 2414 ([Aib]FS[Aib]WGa) and 2412 ([Aib]FG[Aib]WGa) were the most active with EC50 values of 0.9 and 1.1 nM, respectively, matching the EC50 of the most potent tick kinin, Rhimi‐K‐14 (QDSFNPWGa) (EC50 = 1 nM). The potent analog 2415 ([Aib]FR[Aib]WGa, EC50 = 6.8 nM) includes both Aib molecules for resistance to peptidases and a positively charged residue, R, for enhanced water solubility and amphiphilic character.CONCLUSIONThese tick kinins and pseudopeptides expand the repertoire of reagents for tick physiology and toxicology towards finding novel targets for tick management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification and characterization of saikosaponins as antagonists of transient receptor potential A1 channel
Authors: Lee Gyeongbeen , Choi Jiwon , Nam Yeon‐Ju , Song Myung‐Jin , Kim Jin Kyu , Kim Woo Jung , Kim Pansoo , Lee Jong Suk , Kim Songmi , No Kyoung Tai , Lee Ji Hyun , Lee Jin Koo , Choi Yongmun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeuropathic pain is associated with an increased sensitivity to painful stimuli or abnormal sensitivity to otherwise innocuous stimuli. However, in addition to adverse effects, currently available drugs have shown limited response in patients with neuropathic pain, which provides a rationale to explore new drug classes acting on novel targets and with better efficacy and safety profiles. Here, we found that saikosaponins potently inhibit agonist‐induced activation of the transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel, which has been reported to mediate neuropathic pain by sensing a variety of chemical irritants. Molecular docking and site‐directed mutagenesis analyses suggested that saikosaponins bind to the hydrophobic pocket in TRPA1 near the Asn855 residue, which, when mutated to Ser, was previously associated with enhanced pain perception in humans. In support of these findings, saikosaponin D significantly attenuated agonist‐induced nociceptive responses and vincristine‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. These results indicate that saikosaponins are TRPA1 antagonists and provide a basis for further elaboration of saikosaponin derivatives for the development of new therapeutics for neuropathic pain.
A multilevel sampled‐data approach for resilient navigation and control of autonomous systems
Authors: Jafarnejadsani Hamidreza , Wan Neng , Hovakimyan Naira , Voulgaris Petros G. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAutonomous systems are rapidly becoming an integrated part of the modern life. Safe and secure navigation and control of these systems present significant challenges in the presence of uncertainties, physical failures, and cyber attacks. In this paper, we formulate a navigation and control problem for autonomous systems using a multilevel control structure, in which the high‐level reference commands are limited by a saturation function, whereas the low‐level controller tracks the reference by compensating for disturbances and uncertainties. For this purpose, we consider a class of nested, uncertain, multiple‐input–multiple‐output systems subject to reference command saturation, possibly with nonminimum phase zeros. A multirate output‐feedback
adaptive controller is developed as the low‐level controller. The sampled‐data (SD) design of this controller facilitates the direct implementation on digital computers, where the input/output signals are available at discrete time instances with different sampling rates. In addition, stealthy zero‐dynamics attacks become detectable by considering a multirate SD formulation. Robust stability and performance of the overall closed‐loop system with command saturation and multirate
adaptive control are analyzed. Simulation scenarios for navigation and control of a fixed‐wing drone under failures/attacks are provided to validate the theoretical findings.
Damage index of reinforced concrete members based on the energy dissipation capability degradation
Authors: Wang Yukui , Liu Zhefeng , Yang Weijun , Hu Yi , Chen Yuping 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBased on the estimation method of the energy dissipation capacity of reinforced concrete members under variable amplitude displacement cycles, the damage quantitative index of reinforced concrete members based on the energy dissipation capacity degradation is proposed. This index can establish a quantitative relationship with the energy dissipation capacity requirements and material parameters (yield force, yield displacement, and stirrup ratio). To understand the performance classification criteria of reinforced concrete members under variable amplitude displacement cycles based on the damage quantitative index, nine reinforced concrete members with different reinforcement conditions were tested. It was found that the reinforced concrete members can be classified as undergoing no damage (0 < Dk ≤ 0.3), mild damage (0.3 < Dk ≤ 0.6), moderate damage (0.6 < Dk ≤ 0.7), severe damage (0.7 < Dk ≤ 0.8), and destruction (0.8 < Dk ≤ 1), where the five performance states are based on the damage quantitative index. The performance classification criteria were verified by 18 flexural failure specimens in the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center database.
Environmental contours for circular‐linear variables based on the direct sampling method
Authors: Vanem Erik , Hafver Andreas , Nalvarte Gladys 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnvironmental contours are often used in the design of engineering structures to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. The perhaps most common application of environmental contours is for wave climate variables such as significant wave height and wave period. However, for the design of wind energy installations, the joint distribution of wind speed and wind direction may be equally important. In this case, joint modelling of linear (wind speed) and circular (wind direction) variables are needed, and methods for establishing environmental contours for circular‐linear variables will be required.In this paper, different ways of establishing environmental contours for circular‐linear variables will be presented and applied to a joint distribution model for wind speed and wind direction. In particular, the direct sampling approach to environmental contours will be modified to the case where one of the variables is cyclic. In addition, contours based on exceedance planes in polar coordinates will be established, and circular‐linear contours will also be calculated based on the inverse FORM (I‐FORM) approach.
Responsible Universities in Context
Authors: Geschwind Lars , Kekäle Jouni , Pinheiro Rómulo , Sørensen Mads P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this introductory chapter, the concept of the responsible university is introduced and put into context, first concerning other organisations and society at large, secondly in a historical perspective and thirdly related to policy initiatives across the globe. We also discuss how to implement this concept within the complex organisations that universities constitute. Lastly, we present some key features of the Nordic countries and introduce the empirical chapters of the book.
The Changing Meanings of ‘Responsible University’. From a Nordic-Keynesian Welfare State to a Schumpeterian Competition State
Authors: Kohvakka Mikko , Nevala Arto , Nori Hanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the Nordic countries, a gradual restructuring from a Nordic-Keynesian welfare state towards a more international, Schumpeterian competition state model began in the 1980s and the early 1990s. This transformation affected socio-spatial discourses and ways of thinking about the responsibility of universities. Whereas the strategies of the Nordic-Keynesian welfare state regime aimed towards de-centralized socio-spatial formations based on regional political ideas emphasizing national integrity, the Schumpeterian competition state strategies put less stress on territorial and social equalization processes and focused, instead, on competitiveness, specialization, and a more centralized or urbanized state territory. This chapter aims to investigate the evolution of the meaning of socio-spatially responsible university in Finnish higher education policy from the late 1950s to the 2010s. Firstly, we describe how the idea of spatial (regional) responsibility of universities has been conceptualized during the Nordic-Keynesian welfare state era and the following Schumpeterian competition state period. Secondly, within the above-mentioned spatial and temporal framework, we analyse how changes in the socio-economic background of students and admission processes of university applicants have influenced the redefinition of a socio-spatially responsible university.