bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of categorisation and conceptual thinking in early childhood: methods and limitations
Authors: Alessandroni Nicolás , Rodríguez Cintia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a systematic and qualitative review of academic literature on early conceptual development (0–24 months of age), with an emphasis on methodological aspects. The final sample of our review included 281 studies reported in 115 articles. The main aims of the article were four: first, to organise studies into sets according to methodological similarities and differences; second, to elaborate on the methodological procedures that characterise each set; third, to circumscribe the empirical indicators that different sets of studies consider as proof of the existence of concepts in early childhood; last, to identify methodological limitations and to propose possible ways to overcome them. We grouped the studies into five sets:preference and habituation experiments,category extension tasks,object sorting tasks,sequential touching tasksandobject examination tasks. In the “Results” section, we review the core features of each set of studies. In the “Discussion” and “Conclusions” sections, we describe, for one thing, the most relevant methodological shortcomings. We end by arguing that a situated, semiotic and pragmatic perspective that emphasises the importance of ecological validity could open up new avenues of research to better understand the development of concepts in early childhood.
Serosurvey and molecular detection of the main zoonotic parasites carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus population in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Azimi Taher , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Fallah Fatemeh , Karimi Abdollah , Mansour-Ghanaie Roxana , Hoseini-Alfatemi Seyedeh Mahsan , Shirdoust Mehdi , Azimi Leila 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Rattus norvegicus are reservoirs for transmission of various zoonotic parasites, and they have become a threat to public health worldwide. Given the large number and the significant presence of R. norvegicus throughout the city of Tehran, this study aims to assess the frequency of zoonotic parasites carried by commensal rodents wandering in Tehran, Iran. The study considered the north, south, west, east, and center regions of Tehran for the purposes of this study. The serological tests were applied in order to detect effective antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. using a commercial qualitative rat ELISA kit. The frequency of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was surveyed by using the conventional PCR method. Furthermore, nested PCR was employed to detect the presence of Giardia spp. and Leishmania spp. in commensal R. norvegicus dispersed in Tehran.

Results
Approximately, 76% of the 100 R. norvegicus tested were infected with at least one zoonotic parasite, indicating the significant frequency of parasites within the study areas. Seroreactivity against T. vaginalis, Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 5%, 0%, and 1% of the R. norvegicus tested, respectively. T. gondii DNA was detected in 32 out of 100 (32%) R. norvegicus. In addition, Leishmania spp. and Giardia spp. DNA were found in 18 out of 100 (18%) and 76 out of 100 (76%) R. norvegicus investigated, respectively. T. vaginalis with 15% and T. gondii with 70% had the highest frequency of parasites among the R. norvegicus collected from the western and northeastern regions of Tehran, respectively. Moreover, Giardia spp. with 95% and Leishmania spp. with 30% had the highest frequency in the east and center districts, respectively.

Conclusion
The findings showed a wide geographical dissemination of Giardia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Leishmania spp. in R. norvegicus within five districts of Tehran. In contrast, other parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp. infection were rarely detected in Rattus populations. No evidence for the circulation of Babesia spp. was found in this study.
Evaluation of stress distribution in nickel-titanium rotary instruments with different geometrical designs subjected to bending and torsional load: a finite element study
Authors: Galal Manar , Hamdy Tamer M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Geometrical designs of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments have a considerable influence on their mechanical performance, and thereby have the tendency to fracture.

Aim
To evaluate the effect of cross-sectional geometry, pitch, taper, and off-center cross-section on the stress distribution in NiTi instruments under bending and torsion conditions using finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials and methods
Eleven theoretical three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of rotary instruments were constructed and divided according to the geometric design tested into; group 1 (cross-section geometry): four FE models with four different cross-section designs (triangle, convex triangular, parallelogram, and rectangle). Group 2 (pitch): three FE models with different pitches (5, 10, and 15 threads). Group 3 (taper): two FEA models with two different tapers (0.04 and 0.06). Group 4 (centering): two FEA models (off-centered and centered cross section). The behavior of the instrument under bending and torsional conditions was analyzed mathematically in SolidWorks software package.

Results
The pattern of stress distribution was varied by altering cross-sectional geometry, pitch, taper, and off-center cross section.

Conclusion
No single geometrical design could be beneficial for all stress conditions. To decrease the stress accumulation during bending of rotary files in curved root canals, the rotary NiTi instruments should be designed with rectangle cross-section configuration, low pitch, reduced taper, and with centered cross section. This design improved the flexibility of rotary NiTi instruments. However, to improve the torsional resistance during root canal preparation of narrow canals, the file should be designed with parallelogram cross-sectional configuration, low pitch, increased taper, and eccentric cross-section design.
Polyethylene spinout in the Attune® Cruciate-Retaining Rotating-Platform (CR RP) total knee arthroplasty performed with a cruciate-sacrificing and measured-resection technique
Authors: Keogh Cillian J. , Mulcahy David , Reidy Declan , Beverland David E. , Harty James A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Polyethylene (PE) spinout is a known but uncommon complication when using a mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design. Sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is within the manufacturer’s recommendations for the Attune® Cruciate-Retaining Rotating-Platform (CR RP) knee design.

Aim
To discuss the potential aetiology and prevention of spinout in the Attune® CR RP knee.

Methods
We used a retrospective radiological review from two centres reporting a higher rate of spinout in the Attune® CR RP knee using a cruciate-sacrificing and measured-resection technique when compared to a gap-balancing technique. Three hundred and thirty-two patients were evaluated over a 3-year period.

Results
There were 8 out of 279 (2.86%) cases of spinout in our first cohort of patients using a measured-resection technique. There were 0 out of 53 cases of spinout in our second cohort of patients where a gap-balancing technique was used. One spinout was reduced closed, the other seven were initially revised to a thicker RP insert of the same design. Of these seven, three underwent a further revision TKA and one patient required a knee fusion/arthrodesis.

Conclusions
This study reports a higher incidence of PE spinout in the Attune® CR RP TKA when a measured-resection technique in combination with PCL resection is performed. We recommend a gap-balancing technique with conservative soft-tissue release if the surgeon is planning to sacrifice the PCL in the Attune® CR RP.
Bilateral external ear canal Frey’s syndrome: a rare disease
Authors: Te Boon Chin , Abdullah Asma 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Frey’s syndrome is a socially embarrassing condition commonly involving preauricular area after parotidectomy surgery or trauma to the face. Frey’s syndrome over the external ear canal without a prior history of trauma or surgery is extremely rare. To date, there were only two case reports of unilateral spontaneous gustatory sweating in the external ear canal found in the English literature.

Case presentation
We report a case of bilateral external ear spontaneous gustatory sweating in a 31-year-old Chinese male. The diagnosis of Frey’s syndrome was confirmed by Minor’s Starch Iodine test.

Conclusions
Comprehensive history and physical examination are mandatory to reach the diagnosis of Frey’s syndrome of external ear canal. The treatment option should be tailored individually.
AMY1 Gene Copy Number Correlates With Glucose Absorption and Visceral Fat Volume, but Not with Insulin Resistance
Authors: Barber Thomas M , Bhatti Ahsan A , Elder Patrick J D , Ball Sarah P , Calvez Ronan , Ramsden David B , Cuthbertson Dan J , Pfeiffer Andreas F , Burnett David , Weickert Martin O 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The human amylase gene (AMY1) has a broad copy number (CN) variation that may associate with body mass index.

Methods
Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from urine (n = 74) and serum (n = 6) samples (Protein, Fiber and Metabolic Syndrome [ProFiMet] cohort), and buccal (n = 17) samples (Oral Starch Challenge [OSC] cohort), and assessed for AMY1 CN by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. The association of AMY1 CN with comprehensive markers of metabolic status (ProFiMet cohort) were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient (CC). For the healthy, euglycemic OSC cohort, glycemic response to OSC was analyzed with independent sample t-tests (subgroups: high AMY1 CN 9–12, n = 10; low AMY1 CN 4–6, n = 7).

Results
There were significant inverse correlations of AMY1 CN with total visceral fat volume (CC -0.33; P = 0.004) and positive correlations of AMY1 CN with oral glucose insulin sensitivity score (derived from an oral glucose tolerance test, CC 0.26; P = 0.02), serum HDL-cholesterol (CC 0.325; P = 0.003), and serum adiponectin (CC 0.249; P = 0.026). Linear regression multivariate analysis (adiponectin as dependent variable), showed independent association of adiponectin with AMY1 CN (Beta = 0.29; P = 0.03). There were no significant associations between AMY1 CN and clamp-derived M-value, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR), hepatic endogenous glucose production, fecal floral signature, or macronutrient dietary preference. Delta (mean) change in blood glucose concentration (fasting to 30-minutes post-OSC) was significantly greater in the high versus low AMY1 CN subgroups (mean 1.7 mmol/l [SEM 0.6] vs 0.9 mmol/l [SEM 0.9], respectively; P = 0.016).

Conclusions
High AMY1 CN associates with a favorable metabolic profile (lower visceral fat volume, higher serum adiponectin, enhanced glucose absorption following oral glucose, and OSC), but not with whole-body or hepatic IR.
RNA-Seq Reveals Sub-Zones in Mouse Adrenal Zona Fasciculata and the Sexually Dimorphic Responses to Thyroid Hormone
Authors: Lyu Qiongxia , Wang Hui , Kang Yuan , Wu Xiangmeng , Zheng Huifei Sophia , Laprocina Karly , Junghans Kristina , Ding Xinxin , Huang Chen-Che Jeff 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe sex-specific prevalence of adrenal diseases has been known for a long time. However, the reason for the high prevalence of these diseases in females is not completely understood. Mouse studies have shown that the adult adrenal gland is sexually dimorphic at different levels such as transcriptome, histology, and cell renewal. Here we used RNA-seq to show that in prepubertal mice, male and female adrenal glands were not only sexually dimorphic but also responded differently to the same external stimulus. We previously reported that thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) in the adrenal gland is mainly expressed in the inner cortex and the fate of this TRβ1-expressing cell population can be changed by thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine; T3) treatment. In the present study, we found that adrenal glands in prepubertal mice were sexually dimorphic at the level of the transcriptome. Under T3 treatment, prepubertal females had 1162 genes differentially expressed between the saline and T3 groups, whereas in males of the same age, only 512 genes were T3-responsive. Immunostaining demonstrated that several top sexually dimorphic T3-responsive genes, including Cyp2f2 and Dhcr24, were specifically expressed in the adrenal inner cortex, precisely in an area partially overlapping with the X-zone. Under T3 treatment, a unique cortical layer that surrounds the adrenal X-zone expanded significantly, forming a distinct layer peculiar to females. Our findings identified novel marker genes for the inner adrenal cortex, indicating there are different sub-zones in the zona fasciculata. The results also highlight the sex-specific response to thyroid hormone in the mouse adrenal gland.
Temporal patterning in neural progenitors: from Drosophila development to childhood cancers
Authors: Maurange Cédric 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The developing central nervous system (CNS) is particularly prone to malignant transformation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. However, periods of tumor susceptibility appear to correlate with windows of increased proliferation, which are often observed during embryonic and fetal stages and reflect stereotypical changes in the proliferative properties of neural progenitors. The temporal mechanisms underlying these proliferation patterns are still unclear in mammals. In Drosophila, two decades of work have revealed a network of sequentially expressed transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins that compose a neural progenitor-intrinsic temporal patterning system. Temporal patterning controls both the identity of the post-mitotic progeny of neural progenitors, according to the order in which they arose, and the proliferative properties of neural progenitors along development. In addition, in Drosophila, temporal patterning delineates early windows of cancer susceptibility and is aberrantly regulated in developmental tumors to govern cellular hierarchy as well as the metabolic and proliferative heterogeneity of tumor cells. Whereas recent studies have shown that similar genetic programs unfold during both fetal development and pediatric brain tumors, I discuss, in this Review, how the concept of temporal patterning that was pioneered in Drosophila could help to understand the mechanisms of initiation and progression of CNS tumors in children.
1-Phosphino-1,3-butadiene Derivatives Incorporated with Dibenzobarrelene Skeleton: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Ishii Akihiko , Kikushima Chiharu , Hayashi Yuki , Ohtsuka Nobuhiko , Nakata Norio , Muranaka Atsuya , Tanaka Yusuke , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of 1-(9-anthrylchlorophosphino)-1,4-diphenylbut-1-en-3-yne produced the 1-(chlorophosphino)-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene derivative incorporated with a dibenzobarrelene skeleton, the following reactions of which gave the corresponding secondary phosphine oxide and phenylphosphine sulfide. The secondary phosphine oxide was deprotonated with butyllithium followed by treatment with methyl iodide to give methylphosphine oxide. The phenylphosphine sulfide was desulfurized with P(NMe2)3 to give the corresponding phenylphosphine, which was converted to the oxide and selenide and AuCl and BH3 complexes. Their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. These compounds show blue fluorescence in solution (ΦF = 0.49–0.86) and the solid state (ΦF = 0.02–0.72) in a narrow range (λem = 442–463 nm) except the phenylphosphine selenide with a low fluorescence efficiency. Their photophysical properties were considered theoretically. The secondary phosphine oxide and the methylphosphine oxide were optically resolved by means of HPLC equipped with a chiral column, and the chiroptical properties were investigated to show weak circular polarized luminescence (CPL) of |gem| = 2.8–8.8 × 10−4.
Σεισμο...γράφω
Authors: Χειμώνας Γ. 
Published: July 2020

Τα ερεθίσματα για την κατασκευή και τη συναρμολόγηση του σεισμογράφου δόθηκαν από τον καταστροφικό σεισμό το 1981 στην Ηγουμενίτσα και από το ρήγμα που εξακολουθεί να είναι ενεργό έως σήμερα στην περιοχή της Παραμυθιάς. Διαθεματικά και μέσα από τα μαθήματα της Γεωγραφίας (Τεκτονικές κινήσεις λιθοσφαιρικών πλακών), της Γλώσσας (Μελέτη λογοτεχνικών κειμένων), της Μυθολογίας (Εγκέλαδος), της Φυσικής ( δημιουργία ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος και ηλεκτρομαγνητισμός), των Μαθηματικών και των Ηλεκτρονικών Υπολογιστών (μελέτη πληροφοριών και στατιστικών στοιχείων για τους σεισμούς, τρόπος μέτρησης, ανάγνωση σεισμικού διαγράμματος, αναζήτηση επισήμων μετρήσεων και διασταύρωσης στοιχείων), έγινε η ενασχόληση και ευαισθητοποίηση με το θέμα . Ο καταμερισμός των αρμοδιοτήτων για την εργασία έγινε από τέσσερις ομάδες: α) Παρουσίαση πειραμάτων β)Συναρμολόγηση σεισμογράφου γ) Καθοδήγηση και επιμόρφωση από τον πρόεδρο του Ε.Κ.Φ.Ε. δ) Μελέτη σεισμογράμματος.
Establishing an Orthopedic Excess Hospital Days in Acute Care Program
Authors: Fang Michele , Mao Frances , Hume Eric , Greysen S Ryan 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUNDExcess days in acute care (EDAC) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) represent a large economic burden. We developed an Orthopedic EDAC program that triages TJA patients to the appropriate service line (orthopedic vs medicine) and level of care (observation vs inpatient) on re‐presentation. We developed and used evidence‐based protocols for the treatment of TJA patients who are rehospitalized.METHODSWe defined Orthopedic EDAC as the length of stay (LOS) during readmission and observation stays. Our target population included TJA and revision TJA patients. Patients between April 2017 and September2017 and between October 2017 and September2018 were defined as pre‐implementation and post‐implementation of the Orthopedic EDAC program, respectively.RESULTSA total of 2,662 patients underwent TJA and revision TJA during the pre‐implementation and post‐implementation periods. Twenty‐three patients were managed on observation status during the study period. Readmissions decreased from 49 (6.1%) during pre‐implementation to 37 (2.0%) during post‐implementation (P = .004). By design, more rehospitalized patients were on the orthopedic surgery service after implementation of the Orthopedic EDAC program (n = 49; 70%) versus before (n = 22; 35%; P = .028). EDAC LOS decreased from 7.75 days to 4.73 days (P = .005).CONCLUSIONIn this single‐center, before‐after pilot of a novel Orthopedic EDAC program, we demonstrated a reduction in readmissions and Orthopedic EDAC LOS, as well as improved continuity of care for TJA patients on re‐presentation.
Enhanced-power NFDM transmission system with midpoint optical phase conjugation
Authors: Bidaki Elham , Kumar Shiva 
Published: July 2020

We investigate the combination of a nonlinear frequency division multiplexed (NFDM) transmission scheme with midpoint optical phase conjugation (OPC), and show that midpoint OPC introduces power enhancement by compensating for nonlinear impairments. It offers a degree of freedom to have a flexible power normalization factor,

P
n

. Optimizing

P
n

helps minimize the signal–noise mixing in nonlinear Fourier transform processing for a specific launch power, resulting in improving the system performance significantly. The mid-OPC NFDM system can provide 4.5 dB and 5.6 dB advantages in

Q

-factor as compared to the conventional NFDM system when the transmission fiber is standard single-mode fiber and a fiber with optimum dispersion, respectively. Mid-OPC NFDM can also offer higher spectral efficiency at a longer transmission reach due to the shorter guard interval.
Optical parametric oscillation in silicon carbide nanophotonics
Authors: Guidry Melissa A. , Yang Ki Youl , Lukin Daniil M. , Markosyan Ashot , Yang Joshua , Fejer Martin M. , Vučković Jelena 
Published: July 2020

Silicon carbide (SiC) is rapidly emerging as a leading platform for the implementation of nonlinear and quantum photonics. Here, we find that commercial SiC, which hosts a variety of spin qubits, possesses low optical absorption that can enable SiC integrated photonics with quality factors exceeding

10
7

. We fabricate multimode microring resonators with quality factors as high as 1.1 million, and observe low-threshold (

8.5
±
0.5

m
W

) optical parametric oscillation using the fundamental mode as well as optical microcombs spanning 200 nm using a higher-order mode. Our demonstration is an essential milestone in the development of photonic devices that harness the unique optical properties of SiC, paving the way toward the monolithic integration of nonlinear photonics with spin-based quantum technologies.
Bindungsbiografisches Coaching zur achtsamen Gestaltung von Beziehungen im digitalen Kapitalismus
Authors: Krohn Michael 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Coaching | Theorie & Praxis untersucht die Nutzbarmachung der modernen Bindungsforschung für das Coaching insbesondere in berufsbiografischen Übergängen und Arbeitssituationen, die von hoher Unsicherheit geprägt sind. Die interdisziplinäre Bindungsforschung kann hier wertvolle Impulse liefern, die bislang in Coachingforschung und -praxis kaum beachtet worden sind. Sie fragt nach den individuellen Faktoren, welche die psychische Sicherheit erhöhen und zwischenmenschliches Vertrauen entstehen lassen. Vertrauen gilt als wichtiges Element einer modernen Arbeitsorganisation. Dies weist auf eine Lücke bei der Erforschung des Zusammenhangs von Arbeit und Bindung hin. Trotz vieler offenen Fragen steht erstes Wissen für ein mentalisierungsgestütztes Coaching bereit. Es kann durch Achtsamkeit wirksam unterstützt werden. Hierzu werden erste Ansätze und Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt und in einen eigenen Coachingansatz integriert. Im zunehmend ökonomisierten Gesundheitssystems kann anhand einer Methodendemonstration gezeigt werden, dass Ärzte/innen dadurch Trauer und Schuldgefühle in ihrer Berufsbiografie besser bewältigen können.
Routledge Handbook of Graffiti and Street Art, Jeffrey Ian Ross (ed.) (2016)
Authors: Nitzsche Sina A. 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Routledge Handbook of Graffiti and Street Art, Jeffrey Ian Ross (ed.) (2016)
New York City: Routledge International Handbooks
ISBN 978-1-13879-293-7, h/bk, £160.00, p/bk, £31.99, ebook, £25.99
Constant Q-curvature metrics on conic 4-manifolds
Authors: Fang Hao , Ma Biao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider the constant Q-curvature metric problem in a given
conformal class on a conic 4-manifold and study related differential
equations. We define subcritical, critical, and supercritical conic
4-manifolds. Following [M. Troyanov,
Prescribing curvature on compact surfaces with conical singularities,
Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 324 1991, 2,
793–821] and [S.-Y. A. Chang and P. C. Yang,
Extremal metrics of zeta function determinants on 4-manifolds,
Ann. of Math. (2) 142 1995, 1, 171–212],
we prove the existence of constant Q-curvature metrics in the subcritical
case. For conic 4-spheres with two singular points, we prove the uniqueness
in critical cases and nonexistence in supercritical cases. We also
give the asymptotic expansion of the corresponding PDE near isolated
singularities.