bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement Between Ti-RADS Classification and Bethesda Cytopathological Findings from Thyroid Nodules in Young Adults
Authors: Zloczower Elchanan , Atas Ofir , London Daniel , Elharar Limor , Jacobe-Levy Maayan , Marom Tal 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Thyroid nodules are common in young adults. We sought to compare the sonographic characteristics (thyroid imaging reporting and data system [Ti-RADS] classification) with the reported cytological results (Bethesda categories) from thyroid nodules in young recruits and examine the efficiency of our unique multidisciplinary clinic.

Materials and Methods
In this retrospective cohort, we identified young recruits (18–25 years) who underwent needle biopsies for asymptomatic thyroid nodule(s), with cytology reports of Bethesda categories II-V, performed in our “Rapid Diagnostic Service” at a large Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps healthcare facility, between 2013 and 2018. We studied the concordance rates between their Ti-RADS and Bethesda grades, and the preoperative Bethesda grades accuracy versus final pathology results, and the time period needed for their thyroid nodules workup.

Results
A total of 81 patients were included who contributed 91 nodules. A fair agreement was found between the Ti-RADS classifications and the Bethesda grades (Cohen’s κ = 0.238) that was more noticeable in males than in females. The agreement rate was 87.5% in males (21 of 24), but only 77.6% in females (59 of 67) [P = .029]. Of the 5 operated benign cases, all had low Ti-RADS, and 2 had low Bethesda. Of the 8 operated malignant cases, 6 had high Ti-RADS, and 5 had high Bethesda. On average, 37.64 days elapsed between the first visit to the ultrasound study, and 24.2 days elapsed until biopsy was performed.

Conclusions
Despite an overall fair agreement between the sonographic features and cytological findings in young adults, we recommend a more aggressive approach and repeated biopsies despite reported benign pathology, because of a high false-negative rate.
Toxicogenetic and antiproliferative effects of chrysin in urinary bladder cancer cells
Authors: Lima Ana Paula Braga , Almeida Tamires Cunha , Barros Tatiane Martins Barcelos , Rocha Lorrana Cachuite Mendes , Garcia Camila Carriao Machado , da Silva Glenda Nicioli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe antitumour activity of chrysin have been studied in several types of cancer cells. In urinary bladder cancer, its cytotoxic effects have already demonstrated; however, its mechanism of action is not completely understood and the role of tumour protein p53 (TP53) gene in these effects is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of chrysin (10, 20, 40, 60 80 and 100 µM) in progression of bladder tumour cells with different status of the TP53 gene and different degrees of tumour (RT4, grade 1, TP53 wild type; 5637, grade 2, TP53 mutated and T24, grade 3, TP53 mutated). Results demonstrated that chrysin inhibited cell proliferation by increasing reactive oxygen species and DNA damage and inhibited cell migration in all cell lines. In TP53 wild-type cells, a sub-G1 apoptotic population was present. In mutated TP53 cells, chrysin caused arrest at the G2/M phase and morphological changes accompanied by downregulation of PLK1, SRC and HOXB3 genes. In addition, in Grade 2 cells, chrysin induced global DNA hypermethylation and, in the highest-grade cells, downregulated c-MYC, FGFR3 and mTOR gene expression. In conclusion, chrysin has antiproliferative and toxicogenetic activity in bladder tumour cells independently of TP53 status; however, the mechanisms of action are dependent on TP53 status.
A 16 deg2 survey of emission-line galaxies at z &lt; 1.6 from HSC-SSP PDR2 and CHORUS
Authors: Hayashi Masao , Shimakawa Rhythm , Tanaka Masayuki , Onodera Masato , Koyama Yusei , Inoue Akio K , Komiyama Yutaka , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Lin Yen-Ting , Yabe Kiyoto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have conducted a comprehensive survey of emission-line galaxies at z ≲ 1.6 based on narrow-band (NB) imaging data taken with Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru telescope. In this paper, we update the catalogs of Hα, [O iii], and [O ii] emission-line galaxies using the data from the second Public Data Release (PDR2) of the Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) of the HSC and Cosmic HydrOgen Reionization Unveiled with Subaru (CHORUS) survey along with the spectroscopic redshifts for 2019 emission-line galaxies selected with the PDR1 data. The wider effective coverage of NB816 and NB921, 16.3 deg2 and 16.9 deg2, respectively, are available in the Deep and UltraDeep layers of HSC-SSP from the PDR2. The CHORUS survey provides us with data with additional three NBs (NB527, NB718, and NB973) in the COSMOS field in the UltraDeep layer (1.37 deg2). The five NB datasets allow us to investigate the star-forming galaxies presenting emission-lines at 14 specific redshifts ranging from z ∼ 1.6 down to z ∼ 0.05. We revisit the distribution of large-scale structures and luminosity functions (LFs) for the emission-line galaxies with the large samples of 75377 emission-line galaxies selected. The redshift revolution of LFs shows that the star formation rate densities (SFRDs) decreases monotonically from z ∼ 1.6, which is consistent with the cosmic SFRD known to-date. Our samples of emission-line galaxies covering a sufficiently large survey volume are useful to investigate the evolution of star-forming galaxies since the cosmic noon in a wide range of environments including galaxy clusters, filaments, and voids.
Evidentiary function of the provisions on the form of wills in the contemporary succession law: is the complete abandonment of formalism possible?
Authors: Załucki Mariusz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In succession law, the formalism of legal acts has grown to its limits. There is a rule in all democratic legal systems according to which only a will created in accordance with the framework set by the legislator can cause legal effects. The task of such regulations is described by the doctrine in four functions: evidentiary, protective, cautionary and channelling. The significance of each of these functions is different, as is its place in individual legislation. The author examines the evidentiary function, commonly mentioned as the most important, and explains that this function can be constructed differently in individual countries’ legislation on succession since legislators can shape their own legal reality according to their own discretion and needs. This creates, among other things, doubts as to whether diverse solutions of the last wills’ formalities in various legal systems influence the execution of the aforementioned function in any way, and whether the formalism in succession law is still necessary and the evidentiary function continues to fulfil its role.
Alteration of DNA methylation induced by PM2.5 in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Bingyu , Li Runbing , Cai Ying , Li Boru , Qin Shuangjian , Zheng Kai , Zeng Ming , Xiao Fang , Zhang Zhaohui , Xu Xinyun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This current study explored the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on deoxyribonucleic acid methylation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to PM2.5 for 24 h after which, deoxyribonucleic acid samples were extracted, and the differences between methylation sites were detected using methylation chips. Subsequent gene ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed for the differential methylation sites. Functional epigenetic modules analysis of the overall differential methylation site interactions was also conducted. A total of 127 differential methylation sites in 89 genes were screened in the PM2.5 10 μg/ml group, of which 55 sites demonstrated increased methylation, with methylation levels decreasing in a further 72 sites. Following an exposure of 50 μg/ml PM2.5, a total of 238 differentially methylated sites were screened in 168 genes, of which methylation levels increased in 127 sites, and decreased in 111. KEGG analysis showed that the top 10 enrichment pathways predominantly involve hepatocellular carcinoma pathways and endometrial cancer pathways, whereas functional epigenetic modules analysis screened eight genes (A2M, IL23A, TPIP6, IL27, MYD88, ILE2B, NLRC4, TNF) with the most interactions. Our results indicate that exposure to PM2.5 for 24 h in human bronchial epithelial cells induces marked changes in deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of multiple genes involved in apoptosis and carcinogenesis pathways, these findings can provide a new direction for further study of PM2.5 carcinogenic biomarkers.
How coronavirus disease 2019 entered Africa and the Middle East: a case study from Egypt
Authors: Khattab Nourhan M , Vermund Sten H , Hu Yifei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
We report the first person with SARS-CoV-2 in Egypt.

Methods
We interviewed the index case and contacts.

Results
The 36-year old man was healthy when he traveled on business to Wuhan, China in January 2020. Upon his return to Cairo, he became ill, went to work, and subsequent autochthonous viral spread occurred.

Conclusion
We linked SARS-CoV-2 importation to global business travel. The extent to which physical distancing, hand/face/surface hygiene, mask use, viral testing/contact tracing, restricted travel, small gatherings, and/or stay-in-residence mandates will be implemented and limit further spread in the Middle East and North Africa remains to be seen.
Diversity and circulation of Jingmen tick virus in ticks and mammals
Authors: Guo Jing-Jing , Lin Xian-Dan , Chen Yan-Mei , Hao Zong-Yu , Wang Zhao-Xiao , Yu Zhu-Mei , Lu Miao , Li Kun , Qin Xin-Cheng , Wang Wen , Holmes Edward C , Hou Wei , Zhang Yong-Zhen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since its initial identification in ticks in 2010, Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) has been described in cattle, rodents, and primates. To better understand the diversity, evolution, and transmission of JMTV, we sampled 215 ticks, 104 cattle bloods, 216 bats, and 119 rodents in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang Province, China as well as 240 bats from Guizhou and Henan Provinces. JMTV was identified in 107 ticks (from two species), 54 bats (eleven species), 8 rodents (three species), and 10 cattle, with prevalence levels of 49.8, 11.8, 6.7, and 9.6 per cent, respectively, suggesting that bats may be a natural reservoir of JMTV. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all the newly identified JMTVs were closely related to each other and to previously described viruses. Additionally, all tick and mammalian JMTV sampled in Wenzhou shared a consistent genomic structure, suggesting that the virus can cocirculate between ticks and mammals without observable variation in genome organization. All JMTVs sampled globally could be divided into two phylogenetic groups, Mantel tests suggested that geographic isolation, rather than host species, may be the main driver of JMTV diversity. However, the exact geographical origin of JMTV was difficult to determine, suggesting that this virus has a complex evolutionary history.
Opinions of supervisors of clinical associates in South African district hospitals
Authors: Smalley Scott , Mlambo Motlatso Gladys , Gibbs Audrey , Couper Ian 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine the opinions of supervising physicians about the introduction of clinical associates at South African district hospitals in 2012.

Methods:
Twenty-four healthcare professionals in Gauteng and North West provinces were selected to participate in cross-sectional qualitative interviews exploring their opinions on the clinical practice of clinical associates, the effect of the new cadre, their achievements, and the concerns of the supervisors. The inductive content analysis process generated several themes.

Results:
Three positive themes related to clinical associate practice were identified: professionalism, skill level, and efficiencies in patient management. Themes of concern included overtime and calls, writing prescriptions, and supervision.

Conclusions:
Interview results highlighted acceptance and appreciation for the introduction of clinical associates. Baseline opinions enhanced curriculum development and will inform further research on the effect of clinical associates on healthcare delivery in South Africa.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors at the intersection of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic care: an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to patient-centered care
Authors: Verma Subodh , Klug Eric , Mareev Viacheslav Y. , Kobalava Zhanna D. , Connelly Kim A. , Arici Mustafa , Berwanger Otávio , Santoso Anwar , Mehta Roopa , Meglis Gus , Kosiborod Mikhail N. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The management of individuals who live with type 2 diabetes requires an integrated and multifaceted approach.

Recent findings
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors effectively prevent and treat cardiorenal complications in the presence of type 2 diabetes. They also reduce death and disease progression in those with established heart failure (with reduced ejection fraction) in the absence of diabetes.

Summary
Close collaborations between primary care physicians, cardiovascular specialists, endocrinologists and nephrologists are necessary to optimize cardiovascular, renal and metabolic risk reduction in their shared patients.
Effects of Behavioral Weight Loss and Weight Loss Goal Setting in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Barrett Kaitlyn V. , Savage Patrick D. , Ades Philip A. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
Obesity is prevalent among participants in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Establishing a weight loss goal is an important strategy for promoting weight loss. We evaluate the association between a pre-program weight loss goal and change in weight during CR.

Methods:
Body weight was measured at CR entry and at exit from CR. Overweight/obese participants were categorized as having: (1) established a weight loss goal and attended behavioral weight loss sessions (G + BWL); (2) set a weight loss goal but did not attend BWL (G); (3) and neither set a weight loss goal nor attended BWL (NoG).

Results:
The cohort consisted of 317 overweight/obese participants; 52 of whom set a weight loss goal and attended BWL, 227 patients set a goal but did not attend BWL, and 38 did neither. The G + BWL group lost more weight than the G group (−6.8 + 4.3 vs −1.1 + 3.5) (P < .0001). Both groups that established a weight loss goal lost more weight than the NoG group.

Conclusions:
For overweight/obese individuals in CR, participating in BWL classes and setting a weight loss goal leads to more weight loss than G alone. Setting a weight loss goal alone leads to greater weight loss than not setting a weight loss goal.
Twenty-four-hour ambulatory central blood pressure in adolescents and young adults: association with peripheral blood pressure and preclinical organ damage
Authors: Ntineri Angeliki , Kollias Anastasios , Bountzona Ioanna , Servos George , Moyssakis Ioannis , Destounis Antonios , Vazeou Andriani , Soldatou Alexandra , Stergiou George S. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To investigate the relationship of 24-h ambulatory central blood pressure (ABP) with preclinical organ damage in youth.

Methods:
Individuals aged 10–25 years referred for suspected hypertension and healthy volunteers had simultaneous 24-h peripheral and central ABP monitoring (Mobil-O-Graph 24 h PWA). Central BP was calculated using two different calibration methods (c1 using oscillometric systolic/diastolic ABP; c2 using mean arterial/diastolic ABP). Their association with preclinical organ damage [left ventricular mass index (LVMI), carotid intima–media thickness (IMT), 24-h pulse wave velocity (PWV)] was investigated.

Results:
A total of 136 participants were analyzed (age 17.9 ± 4.7 years, 54% adolescents, 77% males, 34% with elevated ABP). Twenty-four-hour peripheral systolic ABP (pSBP) was higher than c1 systolic ABP (c1SBP) by 14.1 ± 3.7 mmHg, but lower than c2SBP by 6.5 ± 7.6 mmHg (all P < 0.01). c2SBP quartiles provided better stratification of preclinical organ damage than pSBP. Both c1SBP/c2SBP were significantly associated with LVMI (r = 0.35/0.33) and IMT (r = 0.23/0.42; all P < 0.01; primary endpoint). These associations were stronger for c2SBP compared with those of pSBP in adolescents but not in adults. PWV was more closely associated with pSBP than c2SBP (r = 0.94/0.83, P < 0.01). LVMI variation was best determined by c2SBP in adolescents and pSBP in adults; IMT by c2SBP and PWV by pSBP in both subgroups.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that in young individuals, the calibration method for 24-h central ABP plays a major role in determining its association with preclinical organ damage. In adolescents, 24-h central ABP appears to be more strongly associated with early cardiac and carotid damage than peripheral BP.
Mean arterial pressure estimated by brachial pulse wave analysis and comparison with currently used algorithms
Authors: Grillo Andrea , Salvi Paolo , Furlanis Giulia , Baldi Corrado , Rovina Matteo , Salvi Lucia , Faini Andrea , Bilo Grzegorz , Fabris Bruno , Carretta Renzo , Benetos Athanase , Parati Gianfranco 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is usually calculated by adding one-third of pulse pressure (PP) to DBP. This formula assumes that the average value of pulse waveform is constant in all individuals and coincides with 33.3% of PP amplitude (MAP = DBP + PP × 0.333). Other formulas were lately proposed to improve the MAP estimation, adding to DBP an established percentage of PP: MAP = DBP + PP × 0.40; MAP = DBP + PP × 0.412; MAP = DBP + PP × 0.333 + 5 mmHg.

Methods:
The current study evaluated the integral of brachial pulse waveform recorded by applanation tonometry in 1526 patients belonging to three distinct cohorts: normotensive or hypertensive elderly, hypertensive adults, and normotensive adults.

Results:
The percentage of PP to be added to DBP to obtain MAP was extremely variable among individuals, ranging from 23 to 58% (mean: 42.2 ± 5.5%), higher in women (42.9 ± 5.6%) than men (41.2 ± 5.1%, P < 0.001), lower in the elderly cohort (40.9 ± 5.3%) than in the general population cohort (42.8 ± 6.0%, P < 0.001) and in the hypertensive patients (42.4 ± 4.8%, P < 0.001). This percentage was significantly associated with DBP (β = 0.357, P < 0.001) and sex (β = 0.203, P < 0.001) and significantly increased after mental stress test in 19 healthy volunteers (from 39.9 ± 3.2 at baseline, to 43.0 ± 4.0, P < 0.0001). The average difference between MAP values estimated by formulas, compared with MAP assessed on the brachial tonometric curve, was (mean ± 1.96 × SD): −5.0 ± 6.7 mmHg when MAP = DBP + PP × 0333; −1.2 ± 6.1 mmHg when MAP = DBP + PP × 0.40; −0.6 ± 6.1 mmHg when MAP = DBP + PP × 0.412; −0.4 ± 6.7 mmHg when MAP = DBP + PP × 0.333 + 5.

Conclusion:
Due to high interindividual and intraindividual variability of pulse waveform, the estimation of MAP based on fixed formulas derived from SBP and DBP is unreliable. Conversely, a more accurate estimation of MAP should be based on the pulse waveform analysis.
Association of clinic and ambulatory heart rate parameters with mortality in hypertension
Authors: Böhm Michael , Schwantke Igor , Mahfoud Felix , Lauder Lucas , Wagenpfeil Stefan , de la Sierra Alejandro , Vinyoles Ernest , Gorostidi Manuel , Segura Julián , Ruilope Luis M. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
Resting heart rate (HR) taken in the office has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population, hypertension and heart failure. It is unknown whether 24-h oscillographic pulse rate measurement as an approximation of HR derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) associates with cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients.

Methods:
We evaluated ABPM recordings from 56 901 patients with complete 3373 421 HR measures entering the final analysis from the Spanish Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry for a median follow-up time of 5.1 years. We explored the association of office HR, mean 24-h HR, mean day HR, mean night HR as well as day–night HR differences, morning mean HR, morning HR surge and night peak HR to all-cause death, cardiovascular death and noncardiovascular death. Data were analyzed by Cox regression analysis, analysis of variance and chi-square test.

Results:
The Spanish ABPM Registry recorded data in 223 primary care centers in Spain from 2004 until 31 December 2014 at the end of recruitment. Office HR was 3.5 bpm higher than mean 24-h HR, office mean HR versus mean night was 10.4 bpm higher and mean day versus mean night HR 9.3 bpm higher, while there were no relevant difference between office and mean day HR. Office mean, 24-h day and night HR more than 90 bpm were associated with an increased risk for all-cause and noncardiovascular death, whereas for cardiovascular death only mean night HR was predictive. The strongest association to all-cause death was observed with mean night HR [hazard ratio 3.80 (2.87–5.03)], mean 24-h HR [2.85 (2.30–3.54)] and mean day HR [2.22 (1.83–2.70)]. Day-night dipping of more than 8 bpm was associated with a 20% lesser risk on all-cause, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death. Results were robust after adjusting for relevant risk indicators.

Conclusion:
HR parameters derived from ABPM provide important information, in particular association with death by mean night HR, mean 24-h HR and reduced day–night HR dipping less than 8 bpm superior to office HR.
Accuracy of pulse rate derived from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring compared with heart rate from 24-h Holter-ECG
Authors: Lauder Lucas , Scholz Sean S. , Ewen Sebastian , Lettner Christine , Ukena Christian , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Resting heart rate (HR) associates with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population and in patients with hypertension and heart failure. The accuracy of pulse rate acquired by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM-PR) in comparison with Holter-ECG HR (Holter-HR) is unknown.

Objective:
We aimed at investigating the accuracy of ABPM-PR when compared with Holter-HR.

Methods and results:
The current study included 1500 patients of a general cardiology outpatient unit undergoing simultaneous Holter and ABPM recordings. ABPM-PR differed marginally from Holter-HR by 0.55 bpm for 24-h average [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.73, P < 0.001], 1.27 bpm for daytime (95% CI: −0.98–1.56, P < 0.001) and 0.63 bpm for night-time (95% CI: 0.40–0.86 bpm; P < 0.001). The absolute delta between 24-h Holter-HR and ABPM-PR was less than 5 and less than 10 bpm in 1363 (91%) and 1458 (97%) patients, respectively. 24-h ABPM-PR more commonly underestimated than overestimated (7 versus 2%) 24-h Holter-HR by at least 5 bpm. The mean difference between Holter-HR and ABPM-PR was higher (+1.9 bpm; 95% CI: 0.9–3.0; P < 0.001) in patients with than without atrial fibrillation. There was no significant difference between Holter-HR and ABPM-PR in patients without supraventricular or ventricular extrasystoles (both P ≥ 0.750).

Conclusion:
ABPM-PR did not differ clinically meaningful from Holter-HR recordings in most patients and might be useful for risk prediction in hypertension.