bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Gait Quality Measures Using Modular Neuromuscular Control Parameters in Chronic Post-stroke Individuals
Authors: Shin Sung Yul , Kim Yusung , Jayaraman Arun , Park Hyung-Soon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that disinhibition and/or hyperexcitation of the brainstem descending pathways and intraspinal motor network diffuse spastic synergistic activation patterns after stroke. This results in simplified or merged muscle sets (i.e., muscle modules or synergies) compared to non-impaired individuals and this leads to poor walking performance. However, the causal relations of how these neuromuscular deficits influence gait quality (e.g., symmetry or natural walking patterns) are still unclear. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the relations of modular neuromuscular framework and gait quality measures in chronic stroke individuals.MethodsSixteen chronic post-stroke individuals participated in this study. Full lower body three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography (EMG) were concurrently measured during overground walking at a comfortable speed. We classified subjects into two groups based on the number of muscle modules and compared gait quality measures using a two-sampled t-test. Then, a stepwise multiple regression was used to investigate the optimal combination of the neuromuscular parameters to predict gait quality measures.ResultsSubjects who had a reduced number of muscle modules had greater asymmetry in the kinematic parameters including limb length (p < 0.01), footpath area (p < 0.01), hip (p < 0.05) and knee (p < 0.01) flexion/extensions, and hip abduction/adduction (p < 0.01). We also found that the gait quality measures were predictable with the input variables from the modular neuromuscular control framework including variability accounted for (\(VAF\)) information from the muscle modules and area under the EMG envelope curves of the quadriceps (i.e., rectus femoris and vastus lateralis) and tibialis anterior muscles with significant association (average R2 = 45.6%).ConclusionsThe results suggest that there exists a strong correlation between the neuromuscular control framework and the gait quality measures. This study helps to understand the underlying causality of disturbances in gait quality and provides insight for a more comprehensive outcome measure to assess gait impairment after stroke.
Social Media Perceptions of Clubfoot Treatment: A Global Observational Study
Authors: Keil Evan J , Shaikh Hashim , Navvaro Sergio M , Dube Andile , Yao Lilian E , Sheik-Ali Sharaf , Ncube Thando , Lavy Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Clubfoot is a debilitating congenital anomaly that is often under treated in lower- and middle-income countries. There exists an active social media community with regards to clubfoot on both Instagram and Twitter. The purpose of this observational study was to investigate shared content related to clubfoot on social media.Methods: A search for public posts on social media regarding clubfoot was performed from October 31st, 2018 to October 31st, 2019. Three hashtags on Instagram and Twitter were analyzed: #clubfootsurgery, #clubfoot, and #clubfootmommas. Data was analyzed using Chi-squared tests with significance set to p<0.05.Results: Overall, 2050 posts with clubfoot-related hashtags were identified as publicly shared on these social media platforms over the 12-month period. 1992 met the inclusion criteria. Pictures consisted of 93.9% of posts which overwhelmingly had a positive tone, while only 16 posts were explicitly negative. On Instagram, personal accounts authored 95.5% of posts and on Twitter, organizations shared 99.4% of posts. Content related to active treatment was shared 32.7% of the time - of these posts, 94.8% showed Ponseti casting or Ponseti bracing. Chi-squared analysis was performed comparing Instagram with Twitter for media format, timing, tone, author, content, visibility, and topic reference. Statistically significant differences between the two (p<0.001) groups were found in each of these categories.Conclusions: Clubfoot treatment has a large social media presence with contributions from patients, treatment organizations, and physicians. Personal accounts on Instagram emphasize the patient experience, whereas organizations on Twitter focus primarily on education and increasing overall awareness.
Effects of Clinical Factors on Medical Burden in Non-Severe COVID-19 Patients
Authors: He Jian-Bin , Yi Gao-Zhong , Yang Yang , Chen Wen-Feng , Mi Yun-Shi , Zou Yu-Hang , Alam Didarul , Chen Lin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, the medical resources and the important clinical risk factors of non-severe patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have not been investigated.Methods: we retrospectively analyszed 104 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the isolation ward in Hubei, China, from February to March 2020. The general information, clinical symptoms, blood test and CT imaging characteristics were analyzed. Results: The median length of stay (LOS) is 14 days, and the cost of hospitalization (COH) is ＄2,522.86. The main influencing factors include the following：① CT imaging: lesions of the lungs were bilateral and multiple. The range of involved and interstitial changes affect the medical burden significantly (P=0.009 and P=0.013, respectively); ②Treatments: Patients were more severe with high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) or used methylprednisolone more than 1mg / kg; ③ Blood test indicators: lymphocyte (LC) count level <1,000 and increased LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) level have impact on medical burden; ④ These indicators have significant impact on medical resource after regression analysis except for LDH.Conclusions: The hospitalization cost of non-severe COVID-19 is higher than that of the common CAP patients. The main influencing factors are multiple extensive interstitial changes on CT scans, absolute lymphocyte level <1,000, use of high-dose methylprednisolone and HFNC.
TRANSPORTE COLETIVO DE CURITIBA E REGIÃO METROPOLITANA: A PERCEPÇÃO DOS MOTORISTAS DE ÔNIBUS
Authors: Corrêa Wilianson Alves , Seguin Janaína 
Published: July 2020

Curitiba é uma cidade usada como referência em planejamento urbano e mobilidade. Na década de 1970 a capital paranaense implantou um sistema inovador de transporte coletivo, o BRT -Bus Rapid Transit, ou Transporte Rápido por Ônibus, porém o crescimento urbano, a criação de áreas metropolitanas e a escassez de políticas públicas que beneficiassem a mobilidade urbana com ênfase no transporte coletivo, e não no transporte individual, afastaram os passageiros do transporte coletivo. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a percepção dos motoristas de ônibus coletivo quanto ao transporte público de Curitiba. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, com a técnica de entrevistas em profundidade. Os resultados obtidos esclarecem que as principais causas que levaram o afastamento de passageiros do transporte coletivo são a queda de velocidade operacional, a falta de segurança e a perda da qualidade. Ao final, conclui-se que são necessárias ações conjugadas das três esferas de poder para que haja mudanças na cultura da mobilidade urbana, com restrição progressiva de transporte individual motorizado em áreas densas para que haja descongestionamento nas regiões de maior fluxo, também a tomada de medidas adequadas quanto à segurança do cidadão, dos motoristas e dos usuários do transporte coletivo.
Adaptation of flux-based solvers to 2D two-layer shallow flows with variable density including numerical treatment of the loss of hyperbolicity and drying/wetting fronts
Authors: Murillo J. , Martinez-Aranda S. , Navas-Montilla A. , García-Navarro P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An important feature of the two-layer shallow flow model is that the resulting system of equations cannot be expressed in conservation-law form. Here, the HLLS and ARoe solvers, derived initially for systems of conservation laws, are reformulated and applied to the two-layer shallow flows in a great variety of problems. Their resulting extension and combination allows us to overcome the loss of the hyperbolic character, ensuring energy or exactly balanced property, guarantees positivity of the solution, and provides a correct drying/wetting advance front without requiring tuning parameters. As a result, in those cases where the rich description of internal and external waves cannot be provided by the ARoe solver, HLLS is applied. Variable density is considered in each layer as a result of a bulk density driven by the mixture of different constituents. A wide variety of test cases is presented confirming the properties of this combination, including exactly balanced scenarios in subcritical and subcritical-transcritical scenarios, dam-break problems over bed variations and wet/dry fronts, non-hyperbolic conditions, transcritical exchange flow with loss of hyperbolicity. Despite the complexity of the test cases presented here, accurate and stable simulations are guaranteed, ensuring positivity of the solution without decreasing the time step.
Water allocation using game theory under climate change impact (case study: Zarinehrood)
Authors: Hemati Hasti , Abrishamchi Ahmad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The combined effects of climate change and growing water demand due to population growth, industrial and agricultural developments cause an increase in water scarcity and the subsequent environmental crisis in river basins, which results in conflicts over the property rights and allocation agreements. Thus, an integrated, sustainable and efficient water allocation considering changes in water resources due to climate change and change of users' demands is necessary. In this study, the drainage basin of Zarinehrood was chosen to evaluate the function of selective methods. Assessing climate change impact scenarios of the Fifth IPCC reports, e.g., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, have been used. For downscaling outputs of GCMs an artificial neural network (ANN) and for bias correction a quantile mapping (QM) method have been used. Using a bargaining game and the Nash bargaining solution (NBS) with two methods, one symmetric and two AHP methods, the water available for users was allocated. Results indicate an overall increase in temperature and precipitation in the basin. In bargaining game solutions, AHP provided better utilities for players than the symmetric method. These results show that with water management programs and use of a cooperative bargaining game, water allocation can be done in an efficient way.
Characteristics and causes of groundwater dynamic changes in Naoli River Plain, Northeast China
Authors: Xinqiang Du , Kaiyang Chang , Xiangqin Lu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Identification of groundwater dynamic behavior and its mechanism is the basis of groundwater protection and management. In Naoli River Plain (NRP), an important agricultural cultivation base and wetland in China, the trend of groundwater dynamic change is complicated under natural climate and human activities. Based on the methods of the Mann–Kendall test, Sen's slope estimation and correlation analysis, groundwater hydrodynamic characteristics and causes were identified. Within 68 observation wells from year 2000 to 2015, there are 28, 30 and 10 wells, accounting for 41.2%, 44.1% and 14.7%, that belong to rising, declining and relatively stable change trends, respectively. The average groundwater rising and declining rates are 0.19 m/year and 0.26 m/year respectively. The groundwater level was increasing or stable in the areas where there was no intensive groundwater exploitation, such as wetland, mountain foregrounds, residential lands and dry farmland. The groundwater level was declining obviously in the paddy fields with groundwater as the source of irrigation water. Thus, the groundwater dynamics in NRP were affected both by human activities of groundwater irrigation and climate change. The carrying capacity of groundwater for agricultural cultivation has been overloaded in some areas, and a conjunctive utilization of surface water and groundwater is needed urgently in NRP.
Knowledge about Medicine Use in Pregnancy: A National Study among Pharmacy Students in Jordan
Authors: Taybeh Esra’ , Kokash Rawan , Talhouni Ahmad , Alsous Mervat 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Knowledge of medication use during pregnancy presents a concern to
pharmacists upon graduation since they will be responsible for drug-related inquiries and counselling
pregnant women about their medications. The present study aimed to assess undergraduate
senior pharmacy students’ knowledge about medication use during pregnancy in Jordan.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jordanian universities. A total of 409 senior
pharmacy students participated in the study.

Results:
The results found that the majority of the students (60.6%) did not have enough instruction
on medications during pregnancy through their undergraduate study. Overall, only 2.5% of
the participating students were considered to have good knowledge about medicine use during
pregnancy and accordingly, the majority (52.6%) were not confident to recommend medicines for
pregnant women in the future. In view of that, participating students suggested the addition of an
obligatory course to the current curriculum. Students in public universities, Pharm.D. students, and
those in their sixth year of study were more knowledgeable than others (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
It was concluded that pharmacy students have low knowledge regarding medication
use in pregnancy. The results call for a reassessment of the current pharmacy curriculum.
Developments in the Application of 1,2,3-Triazoles in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Slavova Katerina I. , Todorov Lozan T. , Belskaya Nataliya P. , Palafox Mauricio A. , Kostova Irena P. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The impact of cancer on modern society cannot be emphasized enough in
terms of both economic and human costs. Cancer treatments are known, unfortunately, for their
side effects – frequently numerous and severe. Drug resistance is another issue medical professionals
have to tackle when dealing with neoplastic illnesses. Cancer rates are rising worldwide due to
various factors - low-quality nutrition, air and water pollution, tobacco use, etc. For those and
many other reasons, drug discovery in the field of oncology is a top priority in modern medical science.

Objective:
To present the reader with the latest in cancer drug discovery with regard to 1,2,3-triazole-
containing molecules in a clear, concise way so as to make the present review a useful tool for
researchers.

Methods:
Available information present on the role of 1,2,3-triazoles in cancer treatment was collected.
Data was collected from scientific literature, as well as from patents.

Results:
A vast number of triazole-containing molecules with antiproliferative properties have
been proposed, synthesized and tested for anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. The substances
vary greatly when considering molecular structure, proposed mechanisms of action and affected
cancer cell types.

Conclusion:
Triazole-containing molecules with anticancer activity are being widely synthesized
and extensively tested. They vary significantly in terms of both structure and mechanism of action.
The methods for their preparation and administration are well established and with proven reproducibility.
These facts suggest that triazoles may play an important role in the discovery of novel antiproliferative
medications with improved effectiveness and safety profile.
Andrographolide Inhibits Proliferation of Colon Cancer SW-480 Cells via Downregulating Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Khan Imran , Mahfooz Sadaf , Saeed Mohd , Ahmad Irfan , Ansari Irfan A. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Recently, the Notch signaling pathway has gained attention as a potential therapeutic
target for chemotherapeutic intervention. However, the efficacy of previously known Notch inhibitors in colon
cancer is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of andrographolide on aberrantly
activated Notch signaling in SW-480 cells in vitro.

Methods:
The cytostatic potential of andrographolide on SW-480 cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-
2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, morphology assessment, and colony formation assay. The
apoptotic activity was evaluated by FITC Annexin V assay, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Hoechst,
Rhodamine 123, and Mito Tracker CMXRos staining. Scratch assay was conducted for migratory potential
assessment. 7’-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining was used to evaluate the Reactive
Oxygen Species (ROS) generation. Relative mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl2, NOTCH 1, and JAGGED 1 was
estimated by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell cycle phase distribution was
evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining.

Results:
MTT assay demonstrated the dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity of andrographolide on SW-480
cells. It also inhibited the migratory and colony forming potential of SW-480 cells. Furthermore, andrographolide
also showed disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis through nuclear condensation.
Flow cytometric evaluation showed that andrographolide enhanced early and late apoptotic cells and
induced upregulation of pro-apoptotic (Bax and Bad) and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 in treated SW-
480 cells. Andrographolide augmented intracellular ROS generation and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in
colon cancer SW-480 cells. Furthermore, andrographolide repressed the Notch signaling by decreasing the expression
of NOTCH 1 and JAGGED 1.

Conclusion:
The findings suggested that andrographolide constraint the growth of SW-480 cells through the
inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway.
Chrysin’s Impact on Oxidative and Inflammation Damages in the Liver of Aged Male Rats
Authors: Samini Mohammad , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: July 2020

Aims:
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of chrysin on one of the
natural antioxidants on aging progression in an animal model.

Background:
Oxidative stress and inflammation increase in hepatic tissue during aging, leading to
liver dysfunction.

Objective:
The current research was conducted to show the effect of chrysin on the activities of antioxidant enzyme (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), serum nitric oxide (NO),
and lipid peroxidation as well as inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) of aging rats.

Method:
Male Wistar rats of different ages, 2, 10, and 20 months, were randomly divided into six
groups as follows (n=8, per each group): young control rats (C2), young CH-treated rats (CH2), middle-aged control rats (C10), middle-aged CH-treated group (CH10), aged control group (C20), and
aged CH-treated group (CH20). Chrysin (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day for
30 days.

Result:
Present findings indicated that chrysin treatment ameliorated the increased liver levels of lipid
peroxidation, TNF-α, and IL-1β as well as serum levels of NO.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that chrysin could be effective against the progression of ageinduced damage by modulation of oxidant-antioxidant system and inflammatory response.
Curriculum redesign as a faculty-centred approach to plagiarism reduction
Authors: Hrasky Sue , Kronenberg David 
Published: July 2020

The incidence of plagiarism is increasing, exacerbated by the availability of many information sources via the internet. Traditional approaches for tackling plagiarism reflect two distinct philosophies: either educate the students or catch and punish inappropriate behaviour. Both philosophies assume that the responsibility for avoiding plagiarism is the studentâ€™s so that whenever a problem is encountered, the blame rests with the student. The Australian Universities Teaching Committee (AUTC), established by the Australian Government in 2000, recommended a strategy reflecting a philosophy of sharing the responsibility for countering plagiarism across the student, staff and the institution. A key component of this approach relates to assessment design, which is the key focus of this paper. Practices regarding assessment and other strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of plagiarism at the University of Tasmania are documented and staff attitudes regarding the effectiveness of these strategies are identified. Impediments to implementing assessment strategies are also considered. By identifying both the strategies that staff see as effective, as well as the barriers to their implementation, universities can be forewarned about attitudes, obstacles, and
associated resourcing implications that might be pertinent if the plagiarism response is to become a holistic one, in which all involved bear some responsibility.
Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating Assay Method by RP-HPLC for Simultaneous Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Fenofibrate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Pimpale Awdhut , Kakde Rajendra 
Published: July 2020

A Simple, precise, and accurate stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been established for the simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate in combined bulk and tablet formulation. The chromatographic separation was performed on reverse phase Princeton (C18) (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5µ) column with mobile phase as a mixture of water (pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid) and acetonitrile in the ratio (40:60) v/v at the flow rate 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out at wavelength 240 nm. The retention time under the optimized condition of Rosuvastatin calcium and Fenofibrate was found to be 2.485 & 3.905 minutes respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 6-16 µg/ml and 87-232 µg/ml for rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and 0.9994 respectively. Relative standard deviation values for all key parameters were less than 2.0%. The percentage recovery was found to be 99.66-100.37% and 99.13-100.44% for rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate respectively. The developed reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was found to be simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, linear, accurate, precise, and economical, and could be used for regular quality control of rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate in bulk and tablet formulations.
Keywords: Rosuvastatin calcium, Fenofibrate, RP-HPLC, Method validation, ICH guidelines.
Study of the Chelating Ability of Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Methanolic Root Extracts from Algerian Phragmites australis Species
Authors: Sellal Abdelhakim , Belattar Rima 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Heavy metals that enter organisms can cause illness and disease. Chelation therapy is a solution that uses chelating agents to protect these organisms by high accumulation. Materials and methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the capability of different roots extracts from reed or EDTA (as standard) to complexate iron using, ferrozine-ferrous reducing assay or Zn and Cu using the murexide-Zn or Cu reducing assay in vitro. Results: the results proved that the organic phase of the first extract and EDTA (standard chelator), have the strongest chelation activities with respective rates of 70% and 97% for iron, 55% and 56% for zinc and 47% and 88% for copper compared to the control groups considered to be 100% of the complexation. Finally, the HPLC analysis showed the presence of six organic acids, which are probably responsible for this effect. Conclusion: The hexane extract and EDTA (standard), have the strongest chelation activities.
Keywords: Phragmites australis, Chelation, Heavy metals, Organic acids, Ferrozine, Murexide.