bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper body movement analysis of multiple limb asymmetry in 367 clinically lame horses
Authors: Phutthachalee Suphannika , Mählmann Kathrin , Seesupa Suvaluk , Lischer Christoph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCompensatory lameness is common in horses and evaluation can be challenging.ObjectivesTo investigate patterns of compensatory movements in clinical cases with fore‐ or hindlimb lameness before and after diagnostic analgesia.Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsMultiple limb lameness of 367 horses was characterised by type (push‐off, impact or mixed), limb (fore‐ or hindlimb in predominant lameness) and side (ipsi‐ or contralateral in concurrent lameness) using a body‐mounted inertial sensor (BMIS). Diagnostic analgesia was performed until the percentage improvement of the vector sum in forelimb lameness and the mean difference of the maximum or minimum pelvic height (PDmaxor PDmin) in hindlimb lameness was ≥50%. Linear mixed model and post‐estimation of effects were performed by contrast command with multiple comparisons adjusted by Bonferroni method. Correlation of pre‐ and post‐analgesia of all head and pelvis asymmetry parameters was tested with Spearman's rank correlation.ResultsImprovement in vector sum per mm after diagnostic analgesia in forelimb impact lameness positively correlated with decrease in PDmax in contralateral mixed lameness (0.187 mm,r = .58,P < .05). Improvement in PDminper mm after diagnostic analgesia in hindlimb mixed and PDmaxin hindlimb push‐off lameness decreased vector sum in ipsilateral forelimb impact lameness by 0.570 and 0.696 mm, respectively (P < .05), with no positive correlation.Main limitationsA variety of cases with inhomogeneous distribution of lameness patterns was investigated retrospectively, therefore, it is impossible to distinguish between true multiple limb lameness and compensatory lameness in this clinical material.ConclusionsVarious asymmetry patterns of concurrent lameness were seen in horses with naturally occurring primary forelimb impact lameness with contralateral compensatory hindlimb lameness with a mixed component being the most common. In horses with hindlimb lameness, compensatory movements were seen in ipsilateral forelimbs, mostly as an ipsilateral impact lameness during straight line trot.
Advancing frost dates have reduced frost risk among most North American angiosperms since 1980
Authors: Park Isaac W. , Ramirez‐Parada Tadeo , Mazer Susan J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, the final frost dates of winter have advanced throughout North America, and many angiosperm taxa have simultaneously advanced their flowering times as the climate has warmed. Phenological advancement may reduce plant fitness, as flowering prior to the final frost date of the winter/spring transition may damage flower buds or open flowers, limiting fruit and seed production. The risk of floral exposure to frost in the recent past and in the future, however, also depends on whether the last day of winter frost is advancing more rapidly, or less rapidly, than the date of onset of flowering in response to climate warming. This study presents the first continental‐scale assessment of recent changes in frost risk to floral tissues, using digital records of 475,694 herbarium specimens representing 1,653 angiosperm species collected across North America from 1920 to 2015. For most species, among sites from which they have been collected, dates of last frost have advanced much more rapidly than flowering dates. As a result, frost risk has declined in 66% of sampled species. Moreover, exotic species consistently exhibit lower frost risk than native species, primarily because the former occupy warmer habitats where the annual frost‐free period begins earlier. While reducing the probability of exposure to frost has clear benefits for the survival of flower buds and flowers, such phenological advancement may disrupt other ecological processes across North America, including pollination, herbivory, and disease transmission.
Contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT to assess dental pulp tissue debridement in root canals of extracted teeth: a series of cascading experiments towards method validation
Authors: De‐Deus G. , Belladonna F. G. , Cavalcante D. M. , Simões‐Carvalho M. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Carvalhal J. C. A. , Zamolyi R. Q. , Lopes R. T. , Versiani M. A. , Dummer P. M. H. , Zehnder M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo validate a new method for the evaluation of pulp tissue debridement in the root canals of extracted teeth using an impregnation protocol involving potassium triiodide, a radiocontrast solution known as Lugol’s, combined with micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) imaging.MethodologyThe impact of NaOCl on the radiopacity of Lugol’s solution was assessed using a two‐fold dilution series of Lugol in distilled water and 5.25% NaOCl, which were then pipetted into transparent dishes and radiographed. To verify the influence of Lugol on the proteolytic effect of NaOCl, a dissolution test was performed using fresh bovine meat. Ten slices did not undergo any tissue processing, whilst twenty slices were fixed in formaldehyde for 24 h. After that, 10 of them were immersed in Lugol for another 24 h. Then, all specimens were placed in NaOCl and the time required for a complete tissue dissolution was recorded. For the last experiments (histological validation and micro‐CT assessment), 8 extracted mandibular premolars with formerly vital pulps were immersed in buffered formalin, scanned in a micro‐CT device, accessed, immersed in Lugol for 7 days and scanned again. Then, the root canals of 5 teeth were prepared and scanned, and the volume of remaining pulp tissue identified and quantified, whilst 3 teeth were histologically processed. The same specimens were subjected to histological assessment, and the images of the histologic sections were registered with the corresponding micro‐CT images to verify whether the pulp tissue in the histological sections matched its counterpart in the Lugol‐impregnated tissues identified in the micro‐CT slices.ResultsThere was no discernible effect on radiopacity when NaOCl was mixed with Lugol’s solution. Tissue processing did not affect the time required for the complete dissolution of fresh bovine meat. Histological evaluation revealed a correlation between micro‐CT and histological images confirming the identification of Lugol‐impregnated pulp tissue in micro‐CT images.ConclusionsThe radiocontrast Lugol’s solution was unaffected by NaOCl and did not interfere with its soft tissue dissolution capability. The impregnation protocol using Lugol’s solution allowed the visualization of pulp tissue on the micro‐CT images and the identification of pulp remnants after chemical–mechanical canal procedures.
What are the Main Factors Associated with Immigrants’ Subjective Well‐being in Italy? Evidence from Self‐reported Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ambrosetti Elena , Paparusso Angela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing data from the survey on “Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens” collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) in 2011–2012, the aim of this paper is to study immigrants’ subjective well‐being in Italy, evaluating the main individual factors associated with self‐reported life satisfaction among first‐generation immigrants regularly residing in Italy. The multivariate analysis is based on ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and includes various kinds of factors: demographic, human capital, immigration, transnationalism and sense of belonging variables. We found that demographic and human capital variables have a strong positive impact on life satisfaction. In addition, country of origin and immigration variables also have an impact on life satisfaction. Transnationalism and gender attitudes are positively associated with life satisfaction. Our study concludes that, despite several shortcomings, the “Southern European model of immigration” does not hamper immigrants’ self‐reported life satisfaction.
On fast LuAG:Ce scintillation ceramics with Ca2+ co‐dopants
Authors: Ma Wanqiu , Jiang Benxue , Feng Xiqi , Huang Xin , Wang Wei , Sreebunpeng Krittiya , Zhang Long 
Published: October 2020

Abstract“Defect engineering” was a valid strategy to modify the performance of LuAG:Ce scintillator, usually realized by Me2+/Me+ co‐doping. To investigate the effects of Ca2+ co‐doping on the scintillation properties of LuAG:Ce, a set of LuAG:Ce ceramics with Ca2+ concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.5 at.% were manufactured. The absorption spectra, radioluminescence spectra (RL spectra), light yield, RL spectra as a function of temperature, decay time, and TSL curves of the ceramic products were carefully measured. With Ca2+ co‐doping, the scintillation performance of LuAG:Ce ceramics was greatly improved. Especially for the 0.2 at.% Ca2+ co‐doped one, it has a high light yield value of 24, 400 ph/MeV, a fast scintillation decay time of 48 ns, and a small slow component contamination. And the role of Ca2+ in the scintillation mechanism of LuAG:Ce ceramics was also discussed in this paper.
Mind the gap: CEO–employee pay ratios and shareholder say‐on‐pay votes
Authors: Crawford Steven S. , Nelson Karen K. , Rountree Brian R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe examine the Securities and Exchange Commission's assertion in the pay ratio disclosure rule that the ratio of Chief Executive Officer to employee pay is useful to shareholders for say‐on‐pay (SOP) voting decisions. Using an estimated pay ratio for a broad panel of commercial banks from 2010 to 2017, we find that voting dissent on SOP proposals is significantly higher in the top pay ratio decile, particularly when institutional ownership is high. Results are robust to controlling for a number of other determinants of voting dissent, including proxy advisor recommendations and executive compensation. Additionally, inferences using the first year of disclosed pay ratios in 2017 for S&P 1500 firms are consistent. However, we do not find similar results in the other deciles of the pay ratio in either sample, calling into question whether a cost‐benefit analysis would support the disclosure requirement imposed by Dodd‐Frank and implemented by the SEC.
Immunogenicity of biologic therapies in psoriasis: Myths, facts and a suggested approach
Authors: Tsakok T. , Rispens T. , Spuls P. , Nast A. , Smith C. , Reich K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith biologic drugs dominating the therapeutic space for severe immune‐mediated inflammatory disease, it is critical for clinicians to be familiar with the concept of drug immunogenicity, with the potential for our patients to develop antidrug antibodies (ADA) of clinical relevance. Whilst there are clear differences between different therapeutic biologics in terms of reported ADA rates, there is no accepted dermatology guideline or grouping of drugs by risk of clinically relevant ADA, nor a consensus on approach to ADA management. This is partly because making valid comparisons of immunogenicity across drugs is fundamentally flawed: the differing types of ADA assay, trial design and included patient population – as well as the molecular structure of the biologic molecules themselves – are all highly influential on reported ADA prevalence and impact on clinical response. Therefore, the first part of this article aims to give an overview of ADA that also clarifies common misconceptions on the subject, whilst the second part of this article outlines Phase III immunogenicity data on commonly used biologics for psoriasis, the most common dermatological indication. Based on this, and acknowledging current limitations in available evidence, we propose a working categorization of biologics together with a broad approach to management: Group 1 – biologics with higher risk of clinically relevant ADA; Group 2 – biologics with lower risk of clinically relevant ADA; and Group 3 – biologics with no established risk of clinically relevant ADA. However, these groupings represent a working concept only; more research is required, using comparable ADA assays and consistent reporting of related outcomes. Finally, there is an urgent need for better characterization of individuals at particular risk of developing ADA to inform future clinical decision‐making.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma mortality in Spain from 1979 to 2018. Trends and new perspectives in the immunotherapy era
Authors: Durán‐Romero A.J. , Sendín‐Martin M. , Conejo‐Mir J. , Pereyra‐Rodriguez J.J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies suggest that cutaneous melanoma mortality rates in Spain are stabilizing and even decreasing in younger cohorts.ObjectivesTo analyse mortality rates of melanoma from the last 40 years, focusing on changes related with the development of new therapeutic approaches.MethodsDeath records and mid‐year population data were collected from the National Statistics Institute. By using the direct method, age‐standardized mortality rates were calculated for overall population and for each sex and age group. Significant changes in mortality trends were identified by Joinpoint regressions. The independent effects of age, period and cohort (APC) and potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to melanoma were also analysed.ResultsAge‐standardized melanoma mortality rates rose in Spain from 0.78 to 2.13 deaths per 100 000 from the first to the last quinquennium of the study (1979–1983 to 2014–2018) for the overall population. After a marked increase until 1995, mortality rates levelled off. Following this stabilization, from 2015 to 2018 there was a decrease in mortality rates for the overall population (average annual per cent change (AAPC): −4.3, not significant), more accused in males over 64 years old (yo). A period effect was observed from the beginning of 21st century, with mortality rates dropping to date.ConclusionsThere is a decrease in melanoma mortality rates from 2015 in all age groups that confirms previous trends in mortality in younger cohorts. Improvement in diagnosis and development of new therapies for advanced melanoma may have a crucial role in this event. Close monitoring of melanoma mortality rates is necessary to confirm these trends.
Association Between Patient‐Reported Frailty and Non‐Home Discharge Among Older Adults Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Sokas Claire M. , Cowan Jane , Dalton Michael K. , Coogan Kathleen , Bader Angela , Bernacki Rachelle , Orkaby Ariela R. , Cooper Zara 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESIdentifying surgical patients at risk for discharge to a post‐acute facility has the potential to reduce hospital length of stay, improve postoperative planning, and increase patient satisfaction. We sought to examine the association between a positive response to a preoperative patient‐reported frailty screen and non‐home discharge (NHD).DESIGNProspective cohort.SETTINGUrban tertiary academic preoperative evaluation center.PARTICIPANTSConvenience sample of patients aged 60 and older evaluated from November 2018 to August 2019) undergoing one of 14 major elective general and vascular operations with an expected length of stay of 3 days or longer.METHODSItems from the previously validated Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, Loss of weight (FRAIL) screen were modified, and patients were queried on fatigue, activity against resistance, ambulation, and weight loss. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age and sex was used to determine the association between patient‐reported items and NHD.RESULTSA total of 230 patients were included for analysis. The average age of the cohort was 70.1 (standard deviation = 7.1); 91.7% were White, and 52.4% were female. There were 24 patients (10.4%) who were not discharged home. They were more likely to report fatigue (54% vs 29%; P = .01), weight loss (58% vs 21%; P < .01), and difficulty with activity against resistance (33% vs 7%; P < .01) before surgery. In adjusted analysis, patients who self‐reported frailty (FRAIL screen ≥2) were significantly more likely to have an NHD (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7–11.7; P < .01), as were patients who responded “yes” to any question from the FRAIL screen (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.7–3.5; P < .01). A positive response to difficulty with activity against resistance or recent weight loss showed similar odds of NHD (OR = 7.6; 95% CI = 2.6–23.9; P < .01; and OR = 7.9; 95% CI = 2.9–21.6; P < .01, respectively).ConclusionPatient response to screening questions on the FRAIL screen identified those at highest risk of NHD. The FRAIL screening tool is practical, easy to apply, and could be used during preoperative counseling to identify patients likely to have increased discharge planning needs.
Growth of cosmetic procedures in millennials: A 4.5‐year clinical review
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Akintilo Lisa , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis commentary examines the rise of cosmetic procedures in millennials. With the increasing popularity of aesthetic treatments and the growing share of patients who are millennials, it is important for physicians to understand the current trends, which can offer insights to better forecast patient demand and optimize practice management. Although it has been anecdotally reported that the popularity of cosmetic procedures has increased with millennials, available data on consumer behavior is limited. Our data fills this gap in the literature by examining the patterns of cosmetic procedures in millennials and discussing reasons for these findings. Our data proves an overall upward trend and also breaks down these trends for various individual procedures. Physicians can utilize this information to optimize marketing strategies for millennials in order to capture greater market share and potentially increase practice revenues.
Oral health‐related quality of life and associated factors in patients with burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Choi Jee‐Hye , Kim Moon‐Jong , Kho Hong‐Seop 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to identify clinical factors associated with OHRQoL.MethodsFifty‐seven patients with BMS (56.4 ± 10.7 years) participated in the study. Patients underwent oral examination, laboratory tests, psychological evaluation, measurement of salivary flow rates and evaluation of clinical characteristics using a BMS questionnaire. The OHRQoL of patients was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14).ResultsThe OHIP‐14 score for patients with BMS was 38.6 ± 12.8. Patients had higher scores for the psychological discomfort and physical pain dimensions of the OHIP‐14. The intensity of taste disturbance or xerostomia symptoms (β = 0.464, P < .001), worry about symptoms (β = 0.307, P = .020), and results of psychological evaluation (β = 0.311, P = .026) were significantly associated with OHIP‐14 score. Multiple linear regression showed that the intensity of taste disturbance or xerostomia symptoms was significantly associated with decreased OHRQoL (β = 0.637, P = .026).ConclusionsThis study suggests that severity of taste disturbance or xerostomia is an important factor that influences OHRQoL in patients with BMS.
The experience of psychosis and recovery from consumers' perspectives: An integrative literature review
Authors: Alyahya Norah M. , Munro Ian , Moss Cheryle 
Published: October 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Since the first decade of this century, few qualitative studies and literature reviews have reported consumers' experiences of psychosis and recovery. The findings from these studies need further exploration.

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

New insights into consumers' experiences of psychosis were generated. Additionally, understanding of consumers' conceptions and experiences of recovery were reported. Consumers' insights into the enablers and barriers to recovery that they encountered were also identified. Gaps in the literature remain, particularly those related to the effects of gender and culture on consumers' experiences of and recovery from psychosis.

What are the implications for practice?

Nurses' understanding of consumers' perspectives and experiences of psychosis is vital to enhancing the quality of mental health nursing when caring for people living with psychosis.

To support user‐based recovery, mental health nurses need to incorporate person‐centred approaches and reduce their preferencing of medical understandings of recovery.

AbstractIntroductionPsychosis is a distressing disorder. Consumers' perspectives about their experiences of psychosis and recovery are essential aspects of mental health nursing.AimsTo review contemporary evidence related to consumers' experiences of and recovery from psychosis.MethodAn integrative review was the method used; six databases were systematically searched. Of the 157 articles screened, 14 met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using Joanna Briggs Institute Appraisal tools. Data were compared, classified and integrated.ResultsFindings revealed that consumers' experiences of psychosis included issues with self‐expression and language, psychosocial problems and stigma. Also, consumers' experiences associated with their recovery were reported, and this included their perspectives on the enablers and barriers that they encountered.DiscussionConsumer's experiences of and recovery from psychosis provide an essential basis for managing and working with people experiencing psychosis. Further research identifying the potential effects of gender and culture into consumers' lived experiences is required.Implications for practiceExploring the experience of someone with psychosis will help nurses to understand the impacts of this condition. This understanding can guide nurses to apply recovery‐oriented practices. Specific aspects of psychosis experience, including gender and culture, should inform nurses' practices towards recovery.
Validation of risk prediction scores for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir or tenofovir
Authors: Chang Jin Won , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Seo Yeon Seok , Lee Han Ah , Kim Mi Na , Lee Yu Rim , Hwang Seong Gyu , Rim Kyu Sung , Um Soon Ho , Tak Won Young , Kweon Young Oh , Park Soo Young , Kim Seung Up 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral prediction scores for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are available. We validated the predictive accuracy of age, albumin, sex, liver cirrhosis (AASL), RESCUE‐B, PAGE‐B and modified PAGE‐B (mPAGE‐B) scores in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Between 2007 and 2014, 3171 patients were recruited (1645, ETV; 1517, TDF). The predictive accuracy of each prediction score was assessed. The mean age of the study population (1977 men; 1194 women) was 48.8 years. Liver cirrhosis was present in 1040 (32.8%) patients. During follow‐up (median, 58.2 months), 280 (8.8%) patients developed HCC; these patients were significantly older; more likely to be male; had significantly higher proportions of liver cirrhosis, hypertension and diabetes; and had significantly higher values for the four risk scores than those who did not develop HCC (all P < .05). Older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.048), male sex (HR = 2.142), liver cirrhosis (HR = 3.144) and prolonged prothrombin time (HR = 2.589) were independently associated with an increased risk of HCC (all P < .05), whereas a higher platelet count (HR = 0.996) was independently associated with a decreased risk of HCC (P < .05). The predictive accuracy of AASL score was the highest for 3‐ and 5‐year HCC predictions (areas under the curve [AUCs] = 0.818 and 0.816, respectively), followed by RESCUE‐B, PAGE‐B and mPAGE‐B scores (AUC = 0.780‐0.815 and 0.769‐0.814, respectively). In conclusion, four HCC prediction scores were assessed in Korean CHB patients treated with ETV or TDF. The AASL score showed the highest predictive accuracy.