bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential factors modulating ENSO's influences on the East Asian trough in boreal winter
Authors: Yu Shui , Sun Jianqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important impact factor for the East Asian trough (EAT) variability during boreal winter. However, not all ENSO events can result in anomalous EAT events, which indicates that there could be some other factors modulating the relationship between ENSO and the EAT. The analysis of atmospheric circulations indicates that the intensity of the Asian Polar vortex (PV) plays an important role in the El Niño‐EAT connection. The strengthened Asian PV favours the wave‐train triggered by El Niño events propagates eastward from the North Pacific to East Asia and finally weakens the EAT. In contrast, during El Niño years with the weakened Asian PV, El Niño's influences are confined over western Siberia and the wave activity flux over Eurasia is weak, which consequently leads to a weak response of the EAT. For the La Niña‐EAT connection, the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is a potential modulating factor. The La Niña and negative‐phase NPO have a strengthened effect on the EAT, resulting in a strong response of the EAT to La Niña events. In contrast, the effects of La Niña and positive‐phase NPO on the EAT are offset, leading to a weak response of the EAT to La Niña events. The above results are further confirmed by a numerical simulation of the pre‐industrial Control experiment. Therefore, the simultaneous occurrence of the Asian PV and NPO should be a great concern when understanding and predicting the EAT based on ENSO information.
Novel Elastically Stretchable Metal–Organic Framework Laden Hydrogel with Pearl–Net Microstructure and Freezing Resistance through Post‐Synthetic Polymerization
Authors: Xu Jun , Wu Congyi , Qiu Yue , Tang Xing , Zeng Dawen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNanocomposite hydrogels (NCs) with mechanical properties suitable for a diverse range of applications can be made by combining polymer hydrogel networks with various inorganic nanoparticles. However, the mechanical properties and functions of conventional NCs are seriously limited by the poor structural or functional tunability of common nanofillers and by the low amounts of such fillers that can be added. Here, the fabrication of novel elastically stretchable and compressible nanocomposite hydrogels (MIL‐101‐MAAm/PAAm) with a distinctive pearl–net microstructure and a metal–organic framework (MOF) content in the range of 20–60 wt% through post‐synthetic polymerization (PSP) is reported. The MOFs, which are compatible with polymers and have a high degree of modifiability in structure and functions, are used as nanofillers. Such MOF‐laden hydrogels can withstand 500% tensile strain or 90% compressive strain without fracture and recover quickly upon unloading. They are also resistant to freezing at −25 °C. In addition, the problems associated with poor flexibility and processability of MOFs are overcome by the hybridization of hydrogel polymer matrices with MOFs. The results of this work not only provide a new perspective on preparing NCs but also indicate a promising path for applying MOFs in flexible devices.
Morphological Transformation between Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Self‐Assembly of Imine‐Boroxine Hybrid Polymer Nanocapsules and Thin Films via Linker Exchange
Authors: Tian Ruizhen , Fan XiaoTong , Liu Shengda , Li Fei , Yang Feihu , Li Yijia , Luo Quan , Hou Chunxi , Xu Jiayun , Liu Junqiu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrthogonal dynamic covalent self‐assembly is used as a facile method for constructing polymer hollow nanocapsules (NCs) and thin films. The bifunctional precursor 4‐formylphenylboronic acid is symmetrically installed with a boronic acid group for the boroxine linkage, and an aldehyde group for the Schiff base reaction which can react with twofold symmetry linkers ethylenediamine and para phenylenediamine to attain polymer NCs and nanosheets. Owing to the reversibility of the imine linkages, the mutual morphological transformation between polymer NCs and thin films via an amine‐imine‐exchange strategy is successfully achieved. Multiple reversible covalent bonds allow the control the release of the load in polymer NCs using different techniques. This may be useful for designing stimulus‐responsive smart materials.
Polymeric Iodonium Salts to Trigger Free Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Baralle Alexandre , Garra Patxi , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Dietlin Céline , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a significant breakthrough from classical molecular (i.e., nonpolymeric) iodonium salts in light‐induced photochemistry, the synthesis and use of new safer polymeric iodonium salts are reported here. They are shown to be involved in charge transfer complexes (CTCs) while in interaction with a safe amino acid derivative (N‐phenylglycine). Also, this study demonstrates i) the formation of CTCs between the iodonium (acceptor) and an aryl/alkyl amine (donor) through UV–vis measurements of the monomer, ii) the formation of radicals in electron spin resonance spin trapping experiments when the CTCs are irradiated by visible light (405 nm), and iii) their efficiency as a photoinitiator to polymerize three different acrylic monomers under LED irradiation at 405 nm under air and their application to 3D resolved laser writing of thick samples (3 mm). High reactivity for polymeric iodonium salts comparable with molecular ones is exhibited with the advantage of potential lower migration. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported instance of polymeric iodonium salts acting as polymerization initiators.
Bacterioplankton community variation in Bohai Bay (China) is explained by joint effects of environmental and spatial factors
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Jingjing , Xu Song , Lei Yu , Yang Rong , Shi Liuyang , Wang Xingbiao , Huang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParsing the relative importance of environmental (recent disturbances) and spatial factors (historical processes) in determining community structure is a core issue in ecology. The Bohai Bay is a typical semi‐enclosed bay located in the north of China, surrounding by the metropolitan area with anthropogenic disturbances made it a complex marine coastal system with pollution gradients, where the distributions and determinants of bacterioplankton communities remain unclear. In this study, we collected surface water samples from 19 sites across Bohai Bay at about 100 km scale to investigate the relative roles of local environments and regional spatial factors in shaping bacterioplankton community composition (BCC). The environmental parameters in the sampling region showed gradient change according to the geographic variation. Several abundant OTUs were significantly correlated with the pollution parameters in the studied area, and 16 OTUs of them showed distinct distribution pattern in different polluted regions with obvious geographic segmentation, which indicated the effects of pollution gradient and dispersal limitation on specific taxon. The BCCs did not show obviously clustering effect between different polluted regions, which indicated the complexity for explaining the BCC variation in the studied region. The partial Mantel test revealed stronger spatial effects on beta diversity than those of local environmental factors, which indicated that dispersal limitation accounted more for the beta diversity than environmental heterogeneity. Furthermore, variation partitioning analysis (VPA) conducted by combining the environmental variables, linear trends, and principal coordinates of the variables from neighbor matrices (PCNM) showed that it was the joint effects of environmental and spatial factors contributed to the explained variation of BCC in the studied area. Considering the special human geography characteristics of Bohai Bay, the unmeasured biotic/abiotic factors, stochastic factors, and anthropogenic disturbances may be responsible for the unexplained variation of the BCC.
Diffusion‐time dependence of diffusional kurtosis in the mouse brain
Authors: Aggarwal Manisha , Smith Matthew D. , Calabresi Peter A. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo investigate diffusion‐time dependency of diffusional kurtosis in the mouse brain using pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo (PGSE) and oscillating‐gradient spin‐echo (OGSE) sequences.Methods3D PGSE and OGSE kurtosis tensor data were acquired from ex vivo brains of adult, cuprizone‐treated, and age‐matched control mice with diffusion‐time (tD) ~ 20 ms and frequency (f) = 70 Hz, respectively. Further, 2D acquisitions were performed at multiple times/frequencies ranging from f = 140 Hz to tD = 30 ms with b‐values up to 4000 s/mm2. Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the coupled effects of varying restriction size and permeability on time/frequency‐dependence of kurtosis with both diffusion‐encoding schemes. Simulations and experiments were further performed to investigate the effect of varying number of cycles in OGSE waveforms.ResultsKurtosis and diffusivity maps exhibited significant region‐specific changes with diffusion time/frequency across both gray and white matter areas. PGSE‐ and OGSE‐based kurtosis maps showed reversed contrast between gray matter regions in the cerebellar and cerebral cortex. Localized time/frequency‐dependent changes in kurtosis tensor metrics were found in the splenium of the corpus callosum in cuprizone‐treated mouse brains, corresponding to regional demyelination seen with histological assessment. Monte Carlo simulations showed that kurtosis estimates with pulsed‐ and oscillating‐gradient waveforms differ in their sensitivity to exchange. Both simulations and experiments showed dependence of kurtosis on number of cycles in OGSE waveforms for non‐zero permeability.ConclusionThe results show significant time/frequency‐dependency of diffusional kurtosis in the mouse brain, which can provide sensitivity to probe intrinsic cellular heterogeneity and pathological alterations in gray and white matter.
Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in patients with neurologic comorbidities
Authors: Rubinstein Jeremy D. , Nelson Adam S. , Krupski Christa , O'Brien William , Taylor J. Michael , Badgett Tom C. , Huang Michael , Davies Stella M. , Phillips Christine L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐T) are an effective and potentially durable treatment for refractory and multiply relapsed B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Neurotoxicity is frequent after CAR‐T cell therapy. Mechanisms driving neurotoxicity are incompletely understood, and symptoms can range from transient and mild to severe and life‐threatening. Providers have exercised caution in providing CAR‐T to patients with neurological comorbidities or extramedullary disease. Here, we report three patients with prior significant neurologic morbidity who safely tolerated CAR‐T cell infusion after bridging therapy with conventional chemotherapy.
Disassembly of the ring‐type decameric structure of peroxiredoxin from Aeropyrum pernix K1 by amino acid mutation
Authors: Himiyama Tomoki , Nakamura Tsutomu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quaternary structure of peroxiredoxin from Aeropyrum pernix K1 (ApPrx) is a decamer, in which five homodimers are assembled in a pentagonal ring through hydrophobic interactions. In this study, we determined the amino acid (AA) residues of ApPrx crucial for forming the decamer using AA mutations. The ApPrx0Cys mutant, wherein all cysteine residues were mutated to serine, was prepared as a model protein to remove the influence of the redox states of the cysteines on its assembling behavior. The boundary between each homodimer of ApPrx0Cys contains characteristic aromatic AA residues forming hydrophobic interactions: F46, F80, W88, W210, and W211. We found that a single mutation of F46, F80, or W210 to alanine completely disassembled the ApPrx0Cys decamer to homodimers, which was clarified by gel‐filtration chromatography and dynamic light scattering measurements. F46A, F80A, and W210A mutants lacked only one aromatic ring compared with ApPrx0Cys, indicating that the assembly is very sensitive to the surface structure of the protein. X‐ray structures revealed two mechanisms of disassembly of the ApPrx decamer: loss of hydrophobicity between homodimers and flip of the arm domain. The AA residues targeted in this study are well conserved in ring‐type Prx proteins, suggesting the importance of these residues in the assembly. This study demonstrates the sensitivity and modifiability of peroxiredoxin assembly by a simple AA mutation.
Conditional median run length performance of the synthetic X¯ chart with unknown process parameters
Authors: Hu XueLong , Castagliola Philippe , Tang AnAn , Zhou XiaoJian , Zhou PanPan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSynthetic‐type charts are efficient tools for process monitoring. They are easy to design and implement in practice. The properties of these charts are usually evaluated under the assumption of known process parameters. This assumption is sometimes violated in practice, and process parameters have to be estimated from different phase I data sets collected by different practitioners. This fact causes the between‐practitioners variability among the properties of the synthetic‐type charts designed for each practitioner. In fact, the shape of the run length distribution of the synthetic‐type charts changes with the mean shift size. As a good alternative, the median run length
metric is argued to evaluate the properties of different control charts. In this paper, the
is used as a measure of the synthetic
chart's performance, and the conditional
properties of the synthetic
chart with unknown process parameters are investigated. Both the average
(
) and the standard deviation of
(
) are used together to investigate the chart's properties when the process parameters are unknown. If the available number of phase I samples is not large enough to reduce the variability of the in‐control
values to an acceptable level, a bootstrap‐type approach is suggested to adjust the control limits of the synthetic
chart and to further prevent many unwanted lower in‐control
values.
Temperature‐Dependent Green Synthesis of New Series of Mannich Bases from 4‐Hydroxy‐pyridine‐2‐one and Their Antioxidant Activity Evaluation
Authors: Kamali Mahmood , Shahi Sahar , Mashhadi Akbar Bujar Masud 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel class of bio‐based 4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridones was synthesized via Mannich reaction under solvent free conditions in absence any catalyst at room temperature. Interestingly, in thermal condition, the yields of these products were decreased and others products (from condensation of two molecules of 2‐pyridone and one molecule of aldehyde) were obtained. Then the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay methods. In general all of products showed significant radical scavenging potential, but the derivatives of pyrrolidine were more significant effective than the piperidine derivatives. This protocol provides a convenient, room temperature, solvent‐free, and catalyst‐free access to new 3‐substituted‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridones.
2D Single‐Atom Catalyst with Optimized Iron Sites Produced by Thermal Melting of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Dong , Li Jin‐Cheng , Ding Shichao , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Feng Shuo , Tian Hangyu , Huyan Chenxi , Xu Mingjie , Li Tao , Du Dan , Liu Peng , Shao Minhua , Lin Yuehe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractZeolitic‐imidazolate‐frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) derivatives have recently been demonstrated as one of the most ideal precursors to prepare single‐atom metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, abundant single‐atom metal sites are buried in the derived carbon nanoparticles, rendering them useless for ORR. Here a novel ZIF‐8 “thermal melting” strategy is proposed to prepare a high specific surface area of Fe‐N‐doped graphene nanosheets (Fe‐N/GNs) with single‐atom Fe‐sites on the surface which are accessible to electrolytes, optimizing their utilization and improving ORR activity. As a result, the Fe‐N/GNs material exhibits excellent ORR activity with half‐wave potentials of 0.903 V in alkaline media and 0.837 V in acidic media, which are comparable to commercial Pt/C catalysts.
A simple improvement of a tip loss model for actuator disc simulations
Authors: Pirrung Georg Raimund , van der Laan Maarten Paul , Ramos‐García Néstor , Meyer Forsting Alexander Raul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe loading of a wind turbine decreases towards the blade tip because of the velocities induced by the tip vortex. This tip loss effect has to be taken into account when performing actuator disc simulations, where the single blades of the turbine are not modeled. A widely used method applies a factor on the axial and tangential loading of the turbine. This factor decreases when approaching the blade tip. It has been shown that the factor should be different for the axial and tangential loading of the turbine to model the rotation of the resulting force vector at the airfoil sections caused by the induced velocity. The present article contains the derivation of a simple correction for the tangential load factor that takes this rotation into account. The correction does not need any additional curve fitting but just depends on the local airfoil characteristics and angle of attack. Actuator disc computations with the modified tip loss correction show improved agreement with results from actuator line, free wake lifting line, and blade element momentum simulations.
Liver gene regulatory networks: Contributing factors to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Cebola Inês 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) result from complex interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetics and exposure to obesogenic environments. These risk factors converge in aberrant gene expression patterns in the liver, which are underlined by altered cis‐regulatory networks. In homeostasis and in disease states, liver cis‐regulatory networks are established by coordinated action of liver‐enriched transcription factors (TFs), which define enhancer landscapes, activating broad gene programs with spatiotemporal resolution. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have dramatically expanded our ability to map active transcripts, enhancers and TF cistromes, and to define the 3D chromatin topology that contains these elements. Deployment of these technologies has allowed investigation of the molecular processes that regulate liver development and metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, genomic studies of NAFLD patients and NAFLD models have demonstrated that the liver undergoes pervasive regulatory rewiring in NAFLD, which is reflected by aberrant gene expression profiles. We have therefore achieved an unprecedented level of detail in the understanding of liver cis‐regulatory networks, particularly in physiological conditions. Future studies should aim to map active regulatory elements with added levels of resolution, addressing how the chromatin landscapes of different cell lineages contribute to and are altered in NAFLD and NAFLD‐associated metabolic states. Such efforts would provide additional clues into the molecular factors that trigger this disease.This article is categorized under:
Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Breeding biology of the Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata in an ecotone between the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado
Authors: de Marçal Bráulio Freitas , Lopes Leonardo Esteves 
Published: February 2020

AbstractManakins (Pipridae) are well-known by their promiscuous mating system. Nonetheless, scarce evidence suggests that the Helmeted ManakinAntilophia galeata, the only dichromatic manakin widely distributed in the South American Cerrado, is monogamic. We studied the breeding biology of the Helmeted Manakin in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. We found 17 nests, which are built in the forest undergrowth (usually below 3 m height). Nests are a cup attached by its top lip usually in the angle of a forked branch. The nest attachment zone is made mostly of spider silk. The structural zone is constructed with dry broad leaves, leaf petioles and horsehair fungus, which were bind together by a considerable amount of spider silk. The outer (decorative) zone is made with some hanging dry broad leaves, frequently forming a tail. Clutch size is always two (n= 12), and eggs are long oval, with a ground color in different shades of beige, marked with irregular spot, blotches and, sometimes, streaks ranging from light to dark brown. Mean eggs measurements were 23.9 x 16.3 mm (n= 14), weighting 3.3 g (n= 10). Eggs are laid once each day and hatching is synchronous. Females are the sole responsible for nest building (which usually took 10 days), incubation (18.5 days), and nestling care (18.3 days). The simple percentage of successful nests (n= 11) was 27% and predation was the main cause of nest failure. The breeding season extends from the second half of August to the first half of January. Renesting after loss of a first clutch is a common strategy and we recorded up to three nesting attempts for a single female. We present evidence that the Helmeted Manakin is promiscuous, as usual for a dichromatic manakin.
Diet of the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) in rice fields on its wintering grounds in Argentina
Authors: Lorenzón Rodrigo E. , Antoniazzi Carolina E. , Fabre Franco N. , Quiroga Virginia M. , Regner Silvia A. , Ronchi-Virgolini Ana L. , Olguin Pamela F. , Leon Evelina J. , Beltzer Adolfo H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWinter diet of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), a bird considered a pest of rice fields, is known to consist primarily of seeds. However, it is not yet possible to establish the extent to which non-rice plants and animal components contribute to its diet. To contribute to these issues, we studied the diet of the Bobolink found in rice fields on its wintering grounds in Santa Fe, Argentina, to provide information on (i) the composition of the diet and (ii) the relative importance of plant and animal components in the diet and of the different prey categories. We captured Bobolinks with mist nets and obtained samples of stomach contents by warm water and emetic-based regurgitation to determine the composition of the diet (n = 46 samples) and the importance of the different prey (n = 25 samples), mainly during March, just prior to northbound migration. We confirmed that the Bobolink’s diet in this region during this period is predominantly herbivorous (97%) and rice-based (55%), although it also consumes a large number of seeds of non-cultivated plants that represented 42% of the diet. Invertebrates, although of less importance than plant components (3%), had been consumed by 97% of captured individuais. Our results document the importance of non-cultivated plants and animal prey in the diet of Bobolinks in addition to rice.