bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of New Inhibitors of UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Enolpyruvyl Transferase (MurA) by Virtual Screening with Antibacterial Assessment
Authors: Boulhissa Ilham , Chikhi Abdelouahab , Bensegueni Abderrahmane , Ghattas Mohammad A. , Mokrani El H. , Alrawashdeh Sara , Obaid Dana E.E. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Considering the interesting role in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway,
the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase is an attractive target to develop
new antibacterial agents. It catalyzes the first key step of this pathway and its inhibition leads to
bacterial cell death. Fosfomycin is known as the natural inhibitor of MurA.

Objective:
The study aimed to introduce new inhibitors of MurA by virtual screening of different
chemical compounds libraries, and test the best scored “virtual hits” against three pathogenic bacteria:
Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods:
A virtual screening of the structural analogues of fosfomycin downloaded from the Pub-
Chem database was performed. Moreover, French National Chemical Library and ZINC database
were also utilized to identify new structures different from fosfomycin. FlexX was the software used
for this study. The antibacterial testing was divided into two methods: disk diffusion and broth dilution.

Results:
A set of virtual hits was found to have better energy score than that of fosfomycin, seven
of them were tested in vitro. In addition, the disk diffusion method explored four compounds that
exhibited antibacterial activity: CID-21680357 (fosfomycin analogue), AB-00005001,
ZINC04658565, and ZINC901335. The testing was continued by broth dilution method for both
compounds CID-21680357 and ZINC901335 to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations,
and ZINC901335 had the best value with 457μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:
Four compounds were found and proven in silico and in vitro to have antibacterial activity: CID-21680357, AB-00005001, ZINC04658565, and ZINC901335.
Effect on Adipose Tissue of Diabetic Mice Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids Extracted from Microalgae
Authors: Gutiérrez-Pliego Laura E. , Martínez-Carrillo Beatriz E. , Reséndiz-Albor Aldo A. , Valdés-Ramos Roxana 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is considered a chronic noncommunicable
disease in which oxidative stress is expected as a result of hyperglycaemia. One of the most recent
approaches is the study of microalgae fatty acids and their possible antioxidant effect.

Objective:
This study aimed to analyse the effect of supplementation with n-3 fatty acids extracted
from microalgae on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation of adipose tissue and
plasma from diabetic (db/db) and healthy (CD1) mice.

Methods:
Mice were supplemented with lyophilized n-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae or
added to the diet, from week 8 to 16. TAC assay and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances assay
(TBARS) were performed on adipose tissue and plasma samples.

Results:
The supplementation of lyophilized n-3 fatty acids from microalgae increased the total antioxidant
capacity in adipose tissue of diabetic mice (615.67μM Trolox equivalents vs 405.02μM
Trolox equivalents from control mice, p<0.01) and in the plasma of healthy mice (1132.97±85.75μM
Trolox equivalents vs 930.64±32μM Trolox equivalents from modified diet mice, p<0.01). There was
no significant effect on lipid peroxidation on both strains.

Conclusions::
The use of n-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae could be a useful strategy to improve
total antioxidant capacity in T2DM.
Fabrication and Characterization of Ocular Phase Transition Systems for Blepharitis: A Novel Approach
Authors: Verma Deepali , Kaul Shreya , Jain Neha , Nagaich Upendra 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
In the present research, erythromycin estolate loaded in-situ gel was formulated
and evaluated for blepharitis in order to improve its therapeutic efficacy, precorneal residence
time of the system and to enhance the ocular bioavailability.

Material and Methods:
The developed formulation was characterized by several parameters viz.
FTIR, clarity, pH, gelation temperature, rheological studies, drug content, in vitro drug release studies,
transcorneal permeation studies, bioadhesion studies, isotonicity and stability studies.

Results:
The optimized formulation exhibited non-fickian release diffusion with a sustained release of
drug 82.76 ± 0.94% up to 8h and drug content 93.64%. Isotonicity revealed that the formulation was
isotonic in nature and there was no shrinkage and busting of cells. Bioadhesion study was performed to
check the adherence of the prepared in situ gel to the corneal surface for 4h. Ex vivo transcorneal permeation
was observed to be significantly higher when compared with market eye drops. Histopathological
studies were conducted to confirm the presence of normal ocular surface tissues by maintaining
their morphological structures without causing damage to the tissues. The formulation was nonirritant
as confirmed by the HET-CAM test. Stability studies and accelerated stability studies were
conducted for 13 weeks and 26 weeks respectively and formulations were analyzed for the visual appearance,
pH, viscosity, gelling capacity, drug content and in vitro drug release and results showed no
change in the formulations.

Conclusion:
The formulation was therapeutically efficacious, sterile, stable and provided controlled
release over a period of time. The developed system could be a viable alternative to conventional eye
drops for treatment of various ocular diseases.
Multiuser Detection Schemes Based on Families of OMP and MUSIC Algorithms for Uplink Grant Free NOMA Wireless Communications Systems
Authors: Oyerinde Olutayo O. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Objective:
The Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology
is a multi-access scheme that overcomes most of the disadvantages of its predecessor, the
OMA technology. Specifically, NOMA technology supports massive connectivity of multiple users
by employing the same non-orthogonal spectrum resource. In an uplink NOMA system with
grant-free transmission mode, the Base Station (BS) is unaware of which users are active in the
networks at a given time. Consequently, there is a need for mechanism to ensure successful recovery
of users’ transmitted signals. This paper presents some new Multiuser Detector (MUD)
schemes for uplink grant-free NOMA wireless communication networks with system’s model involving
Multiple Measurement Vectors (MMV) rather than the Single Measurement Vector
(SMV) that many previous works have considered. These MUDs include those that are based on
differential Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), adaptive Simultaneous OMP (SOMP), compressive-
multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and sequential compressive-MUSIC algorithms.

Methods:
The MUDs are employed in the detection of users’ signals in the uplink NOMA systems.

Results and Discussion:
Comparative performances of these MUDs with another one that is also
based on the MMV system model, the SOMP-based MUD are presented for the scenarios when
the system is under-loaded, fully loaded and over-loaded.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that the sequential compressive-MUSIC-based MUD, though
shows weak performance at lower range of SNR, outperforms all the other MUDs including the
SOMP-based MUD at higher SNR. Its performance is quite outstanding during the over-loaded
scenarios, especially at higher SNR. However, its computational complexity is higher that the
closely performing compressive-MUSIC-based MUD and SOMP-based MUD.
Classification of Lexile Level Reading Load Using the K-Means Clustering and Random Forest Method
Authors: Rosyid Harits Ar , Pujianto Utomo , Yudhistira Moch Rajendra 
Published: February 2020

There are various ways to improve the quality of someone's education, one of them is reading. By reading, insight and knowledge of various kinds of things can increase. But, the ability and someone's understanding of reading is different. This can be a problem for readers if the reading material exceeds his comprehension ability. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the load of reading material using Lexile Levels. Lexile Levels are a value that gives a size the complexity of reading material and someone's reading ability. Thus, the reading material will be classified based a value on the Lexile Levels. Lexile Levels will cluster the reading material into 2 clusters which is easy, and difficult. The clustering process will use the k-means method. After the clustering process, reading material will be classified using the reading load Random Forest method. The k-means method was chosen because of the method has a simple computing process and fast also. Random Forest algorithm is a method that can build decision tree and it’s able to build several decision trees then choose the best tree. The results of this experiment indicate that the experiment scenario uses 2 cluster and SMOTE and GIFS preprocessing are carried out shows good results with an accuracy of 76.03%, precision of 81.85% and recall of 76.05%.
INCIDÊNCIA DA PARACOCCIDIOIDOMICOSE NO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA - 2011 A 2014
Authors: Toyotani Bruna Janaina Silveira , Souza Elton Bill Amaral de 
Published: February 2020

A Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica de evolução crônica, sendo considerada dentre outras a mais importante do Brasil, que representa a área de maior endemicidade no mundo, com 80% dos casos. Por não ser doença de notificação compulsória, não permite o real conhecimento da magnitude do problema. O presente artigo buscou analisar o perfil epidemiológico da PCM em Rondônia entre 2011 e 2014. Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 364 fichas de notificação de pacientes com diagnóstico para PCM. A coleta dos dados foi realizada pelo Programa Estadual de Controle da PCM. Os dados encontravam-se tabulados em planilha. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível concluir que há uma maior incidência de PCM na cidade de Porto Velho e região central de Rondônia; que há uma predominância da incidência em trabalhadores rurais e no sexo masculino; houve um aumento de patamar de incidência 2011-2012; que ocorreu uma sazonalidade em janeiro, fevereiro, março e outubro; que há uma proeminência da doença na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos de idade.
Association Between the Use of Antidepressants and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Large, Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Miidera Hiroyuki , Enomoto Minori , Kitamura Shingo , Tachimori Hisateru , Mishima Kazuo 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to reveal the associations between the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes and the duration of antidepressant use and the antidepressant dose, and between antidepressant use after diabetes onset and clinical outcomes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn this large-scale retrospective cohort study in Japan, new users of antidepressants (exposure group) and nonusers (nonexposure group), aged 20–79 years, were included between 1 April 2006 and 31 May 2015. Patients with a history of diabetes or receipt of antidiabetes treatment were excluded. Covariates were adjusted by using propensity score matching; the associations were analyzed between risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes and the duration of antidepressant use/dose of antidepressant in the exposure and nonexposure groups by using Cox proportional hazards models. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were examined in groups with continuous use, discontinuation, or a reduction in the dose of antidepressants.RESULTSOf 90,530 subjects, 45,265 were in both the exposure and the nonexposure group after propensity score matching; 5,225 patients (5.8%) developed diabetes. Antidepressant use was associated with the risk of diabetes onset in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.27 (95% CI 1.16–1.39) for short-term low-dose and 3.95 (95% CI 3.31–4.72) for long-term high-dose antidepressant use. HbA1c levels were lower in patients who discontinued or reduced the dose of antidepressants (F[2,49] = 8.17; P &lt; 0.001).CONCLUSIONSLong-term antidepressant use increased the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Glucose tolerance improved when antidepressants were discontinued or the dose was reduced after diabetes onset.
Diabetes Prevalence and Its Relationship With Education, Wealth, and BMI in 29 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Seiglie Jacqueline A. , Marcus Maja-Emilia , Ebert Cara , Prodromidis Nikolaos , Geldsetzer Pascal , Theilmann Michaela , Agoudavi Kokou , Andall-Brereton Glennis , Aryal Krishna K. , Bicaba Brice Wilfried , Bovet Pascal , Brian Garry , Dorobantu Maria , Gathecha Gladwell , Gurung Mongal Singh , Guwatudde David , Msaidié Mohamed , Houehanou Corine , Houinato Dismand , Jorgensen Jutta Mari Adelin , Kagaruki Gibson B. , Karki Khem B. , Labadarios Demetre , Martins Joao S. , Mayige Mary T. , Wong-McClure Roy , Mwangi Joseph Kibachio , Mwalim Omar , Norov Bolormaa , Quesnel-Crooks Sarah , Silver Bahendeka K. , Sturua Lela , Tsabedze Lindiwe , Wesseh Chea Stanford , Stokes Andrew , Atun Rifat , Davies Justine I. , Vollmer Sebastian , Bärnighausen Till W. , Jaacks Lindsay M. , Meigs James B. , Wexler Deborah J. , Manne-Goehler Jennifer 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVEDiabetes is a rapidly growing health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but empirical data on its prevalence and relationship to socioeconomic status are scarce. We estimated diabetes prevalence and the subset with undiagnosed diabetes in 29 LMICs and evaluated the relationship of education, household wealth, and BMI with diabetes risk.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe pooled individual-level data from 29 nationally representative surveys conducted between 2008 and 2016, totaling 588,574 participants aged ≥25 years. Diabetes prevalence and the subset with undiagnosed diabetes was calculated overall and by country, World Bank income group (WBIG), and geographic region. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR).RESULTSOverall, prevalence of diabetes in 29 LMICs was 7.5% (95% CI 7.1–8.0) and of undiagnosed diabetes 4.9% (4.6–5.3). Diabetes prevalence increased with increasing WBIG: countries with low-income economies (LICs) 6.7% (5.5–8.1), lower-middle-income economies (LMIs) 7.1% (6.6–7.6), and upper-middle-income economies (UMIs) 8.2% (7.5–9.0). Compared with no formal education, greater educational attainment was associated with an increased risk of diabetes across WBIGs, after adjusting for BMI (LICs RR 1.47 [95% CI 1.22–1.78], LMIs 1.14 [1.06–1.23], and UMIs 1.28 [1.02–1.61]).CONCLUSIONSAmong 29 LMICs, diabetes prevalence was substantial and increased with increasing WBIG. In contrast to the association seen in high-income countries, diabetes risk was highest among those with greater educational attainment, independent of BMI. LMICs included in this analysis may be at an advanced stage in the nutrition transition but with no reversal in the socioeconomic gradient of diabetes risk.
Impact of Glucose Level on Micro- and Macrovascular Disease in the General Population: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Emanuelsson Frida , Marott Sarah , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Benn Marianne 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether high glucose levels in the normoglycemic range and higher have a causal genetic effect on risk of retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and myocardial infarction (MI; positive control) in the general population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study applied observational and one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to individual-level data from 117,193 Danish individuals, and validation by two-sample MR analyses on summary-level data from 133,010 individuals from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium (MAGIC), 117,165 from the CKDGen Consortium, and 452,264 from the UK Biobank.

RESULTS
Observationally, glucose levels in the normoglycemic range and higher were associated with high risks of retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, PAD, and MI (all P for trend &lt;0.001). In genetic causal analyses, the risk ratio for a 1 mmol/L higher glucose level was 2.01 (95% CI 1.18–3.41) for retinopathy, 2.15 (1.38–3.35) for neuropathy, 1.58 (1.04–2.40) for diabetic nephropathy, 0.97 (0.84–1.12) for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 1.19 (0.90–1.58) for PAD, and 1.49 (1.02–2.17) for MI. Summary-level data from the MAGIC, the CKDGen Consortium, and the UK Biobank gave a genetic risk ratio of 4.55 (95% CI 2.26–9.15) for retinopathy, 1.48 (0.83–2.66) for peripheral neuropathy, 0.98 (0.94–1.01) for eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 1.23 (0.57–2.67) for PAD per 1 mmol/L higher glucose level.

CONCLUSIONS
Glucose levels in the normoglycemic range and higher were prospectively associated with a high risk of retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, PAD, and MI. These associations were confirmed in genetic causal analyses for retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and MI, but they could not be confirmed for PAD and seemed to be refuted for eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Dentin Staining Caused by Nano-silver Fluoride: A Comparative Study
Authors: Espíndola-Castro LF , Rosenblatt A , Galembeck A , Monteiro GQM 
Published: February 2020

Clinical RelevanceThe new formulations of nano-silver fluoride caused less dentin staining than the already available commercial agents 35% silver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride at 30% and 38%.SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to evaluate the dentin staining potential of nano-silver fluoride (NSF 600 and 1500 ppm) compared with the following commercially available cariostatic agents: Advantage Arrest (Elevate Oral Care, West Palm Beach, FL, USA), Riva Star (SDI, Victoria, Australia), and Cariestop (Biodinâmica, Paraná, Brazil). Seventy-five extracted human molars were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction, and the occlusal enamel was removed for exposure of coronary dentin. The samples were divided among the five agents tested (n=15). The dentin staining (ΔE/ΔL) was analyzed with a digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) at three different time points (before application, after two weeks, and after four weeks). Photographic images were also performed. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests compared the mean ΔE and ΔL values between groups. The NSF 600 and 1500 ppm resulted in the smallest color change (ΔE=1.02 and 1.53) and dentin staining after four weeks (ΔL=−0.76 and −1.2). The new formulations differed significantly from the commercial cariostatic agents (p&lt;0.001). NSF might be an alternative to silver diamine fluoride since it does not compromise esthetics.
Täydentävien ja vaihtoehtoisten (CAM) hoitojen käyttö Suomessa
Authors: Vuolanto Pia , Kemppainen Laura , Kemppainen Teemu , Nurmi Johanna 
Published: February 2020

Tarkastelemme tässä artikkelissa täydentävien ja vaihtoehtoisten hoitojen käyttöä Suomessa vuosina 2008 ja 2018. Täydentävillä ja vaihtoehtoisilla hoidoilla tarkoitetaan monimuotoista joukkoa erilaisia hoitomuotoja, joita ei tietyssä historiallisessa ja yhteiskunnallisessa tilanteessa pidetä valtavirtalääkinnän osana eikä niitä ole integroitu terveydenhoitojärjestelmään. CAM-hoitojen käyttö virallisesti hyväksyttyjen hoitomenetelmien sijasta tai ohella on merkittävä, mutta maassamme vähän tutkittu ilmiö. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten paljon suomalaiset käyttävät CAM-hoitoja ja millaisia muutoksia käytössä on tapahtunut vuodesta 2008 vuoteen 2018. Tarkastelimme, millaisia hoitoja suomalaiset käyttävät sekä sitä, kokivatko käyttäjät saaneensa hoidosta apua. Tutkimme myös, millaisia mielikuvia suomalaisilla oli eri hoitomuotojen mahdollisuuksista parantaa jokin sairaus. Tutkimusaineistona käytimme Taloustutkimuksen keräämiä kyselyitä, joita analysoimme Khiin neliön testillä, eksploratiivisella pääkomponenttianalyysillä ja lineaarisella regressioanalyysillä.

Tulostemme mukaan CAM-hoitojen käyttö oli vähentynyt viimeisen kymmenen vuoden tarkastelujaksolla. Käytetyimmät hoitomuodot olivat suun kautta otettavat tuotteet (luontaistuotteet, ravintolisät ja rohdosvalmisteet). Muita yleisesti käytettyjä hoitomuotoja olivat rukous, akupunktio ja kiropraktiikka. Vaikka yleinen usko hoitojen parantavuuteen oli laskenut, niin hoitoja käyttäneet kokivat edelleen saaneensa hoidoista apua. Terapioita, joihin sisältyy asiantuntijan hoidettavana oleminen, käyttivät eniten naiset ja vanhemmat ikäluokat. CAM-hoitojen ja valtavirtalääketieteen käyttö eivät olleet tilastollisesti merkitsevästi yhteydessä toisiinsa eli CAM-hoidot eivät vähentäneet valtavirtalääketieteen käyttöä. Vastaajat hakivat apua laajasti eri hoitomuodoista.
Prospective bride interpersonal communication Judging from the Gender: Are there any differences?
Authors: Sari Alfina , Nirwana Herman , Afdal Afdal 
Published: February 2020

Based on the existing phenomena, there are still many brides who have not been able to establish good interpersonal communication. If the condition is ignored, it will have an impact on divorce. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach . The population of the study was the candidate pair of pengatin in Padang City with a total sample of 43 pairs . The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling with data collection tools used in the form of Interpersonal Communication Scale (SKI) . Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and for analysis of interpersonal communication differences based on gender brides do different test method t-test using SPSS version 22. The findings of the study revealed that interpersonal communication is in the category bride lace h with the achievements of the percentage of 44.0% , interpersonal communication on the verbal aspect is in the medium category with 45.3% percentage achievements, interpersonal communication on the nonverbal aspect is in the low category with a percentage of 37.2%. Meanwhile, the level of interpersonal communication of the bride and groom if calculated on average, men are lower than women, with 54.46 achievements and 55.81 women. However, statistically there is no significant difference between the bride and groom's interpersonal communication skills with the bride , in other words there is no significant difference in the bride's interpersonal communication skills in terms of gender . The findings of this research can then be an important need study to create interpersonal communication modules in the family for the bride and groom, so that the bride and groom understand good communication within the family and then be able to apply it.