bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel model for designing and performing parietal whorl hair transplantation
Authors: Fan Zhexiang , Gan Yuyang , Qu Qian , Wang Jin , Liu Yang , Liu Bingcheng , Chen Ruosi , Zhou Wei , Miao Yong , Hu Zhiqi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHair transplantation is the gold standard method for the treatment of alopecia. Recently, demand for the surgery has increased rapidly. However, high demands also require more professional training for the surgeons. With the maturing of hairline design skills, parietal whorl design has become the next challenge and no appropriate training models have yet been reported.AimsTo present an innovative, simple, and appropriate training model for designing the scalp parietal whorl.MethodsOutward divergent arc curves were drawn from the navel of an orange. Recipient sites were created with 23G needles or 1.0‐mm knives or 1.0‐mm blades according to the outward divergent arc curves, then hair shafts were transplanted using forceps.ResultsDifferent densities of hair shafts were transplanted. Transplantation of 10‐20 follicular units (FU)/cm2 was too sparse, 30 FU/cm2 achieved a good appearance, but 40‐50 FU/cm2 was better. Through practicing on the model, excellent results of parietal whorl transplantation on patients can be achieved.ConclusionsThis new model can perfectly suit the lines and direction of the parietal whorl and also present different density transplantation practicing. We provide a training method for new surgeons as well as a rehearsal opportunity for previously trained doctors.
Evaluation of food consumption in patients with acne vulgaris and its relationship with acne severity
Authors: Akpinar Kara Yesim , Ozdemir Deniz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is one of the chronic skin diseases with bacterial and perifollicular inflammation in its etiology. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on hormones and food consumption, which are thought to affect this inflammation.AimsIn this study, how effective various possible factors such as food consumption habits and anthropometric measurement are in the etiology and severity of acne was investigated in patients with acne.Materials and MethodsA case‐control study was conducted including 53 acne vulgaris patients and 53 age‐, gender‐, and ethnicity‐matched controls. Each patient's acne score was calculated by a dermatologist ranging from 0‐44 points based on the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) calculation. Dietary intake of milk and dairy products along with carbohydrate, fat, protein ratios and body mass index and body fat percentage were calculated. Statistical evaluation was carried out by calculating 95% confidence interval and prevalence rates between acne vulgaris and food categories.ResultsCheese consumption was higher in the acne vulgaris group than in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference.(P < .05) There was a statistically positive correlation between acne score and carbohydrate consumption (P < .01) and a statistically negative correlation between acne score and fat consumption. (P < .01).ConclusionIn patients with acne vulgaris, it was observed that cheese consumption increased acne formation and carbohydrate consumption increased acne severity, while fat consumption did not increase acne severity.
Pre‐/postprocedure measures for laser/energy treatments: A survey
Authors: Gold Michael , Andriessen Anneke , Cohen Joel L. , Goldberg David J. , Grover Komel , Hu Shasa , Mandy Stephen H. , Vega Janelle M. K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaser and energy‐based devices may be used for many cutaneous indications, including facial resurfacing, improving skin conditions, and reducing signs of photoaging. Currently, no consensus papers or guidelines exist concerning peri‐operative agents and specifically their use for laser skin resurfacing and their potential/possible role in prevention or treatment of side effects.AimTo explore current practice using laser and energy devices, a survey was developed to identify the trends in pre‐ and postprocedural treatment measures.MethodsThe survey was sent out digitally to 300 randomly selected US dermatologist and plastic surgeon physicians practicing medical esthetics using laser and other energy devices treatment for facial rejuvenation. The survey gathered information on demographics, types of devices used in the clinic and pre‐/postprocedural measures for facial laser, and other energy‐based devices treatment.ResultsThe survey was active from June 15, to July 15, 2018, and fifty‐eight dermatologists and plastic surgeons completed the survey (19.3% response rate, 58/300). The results showed inconsistency in skin preparation strategies and postprocedure wound care. The majority of survey participants (55/58 [96%]) reported prophylactic oral antiviral use pre‐ and post‐treatment; however, there was inconsistency about when to start and when to stop the use. A similar inconsistency existed in the recommended period of post‐treatment sun protection before and after treatment.ConclusionThe results of the survey confirmed the lack of consistency in the types and duration of pre‐ and postprocedural measures—emphasizing the need for evidence‐based recommendations to optimize outcomes, prevent infection, enhance comfort, and reduce downtime.
Nationalists rejecting statehood: Three case studies from Wales, Catalonia, and Slovakia
Authors: Maxwell Alexander , Turner Molly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile many nationalism theorists define nationalism in terms of the desire for an independent state, empirical study shows that many nationalists make demands that not only fall short of statehood, but explicitly abjure claims to political independence. We document non‐state‐seeking nationalism with three case studies: Welsh national politics in the decades before the First World War, Catalan national politics related to the 2006 Status law, and Slovak national politics in response to Magyarization at the time of the 1867 Settlement. The phenomenon of non‐state‐seeking nationalism calls into question the utility of initial definitions in nationalism studies. Instead of imposing definitions by fiat, we argue that nationalism theorists should analyze the explicit or implicit definitions of historical actors.
The origins and effects of public servant confidence in whistleblowing protection regimes
Authors: Doberstein Carey , Charbonneau Étienne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe examine the various whistleblowing regimes in Canada which, across 13 provinces and territories and a single federal government, exhibits theoretically interesting variation on procedures, incentives and protections that are well positioned for comparative analysis. Drawing on a panel of Canadian public servants, we conducted a survey with both descriptive and experimental dimensions to identify and measure knowledge and confidence in the context of diverse whistleblowing regimes, and how that relates to perceptions of the legitimacy of unauthorized public disclosures. We find that confidence is high among public servants despite variation in the structure of whistleblowing regimes, is enhanced when respondents know the number of reported wrongdoings and their results, and that greater knowledge of whistleblowing protections delegitimizes unauthorized public disclosures (e.g., leaking to the media) of alleged wrongdoing.
Tension in democratic administration: Does managerial confidence in administrative capacity reduce citizen participation in organizational decision‐making?
Authors: Zhang Fengxiu , Stritch Justin M. , Welch Eric W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe tension between bureaucratic and democratic values has characterized significant debates in the field of public administration. In this article, we ask, does public managers' confidence in their organizational administrative capacity affect citizen participation? Using managerial confidence in organizational response capacity (ORC) during crises as a vehicle to investigate the tension between democratic and administrative values, we examine whether an administration‐centric approach to management influences citizen participation. We posit that higher levels of managerial confidence in organizational administrative capacity can lessen the pressure from political stakeholders which, in turn, might allow managers the autonomy to isolate themselves from the general public. The empirical analysis uses a structural equation model (SEM) to examine survey data from senior managers in 500 US cities. We find that managerial confidence in ORC reduces citizen participation, but only indirectly through diminishing influence from other governmental actors or by allowing managers to win the trust of political principals.
Airway management and perioperative adverse events in children with mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dohrmann Thorsten , Muschol Nicole M. , Sehner Susanne , Punke Mark A. , Haas Sebastian A. , Roeher Katharina , Breyer Sandra , Koehn Anja F. , Ullrich Kurt , Zöllner Christian , Petzoldt Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren suffering from mucopolysaccharidoses (subtypes I, II, III, IV, VI, and VII) or mucolipidoses often require anesthesia, but are at high risk for perioperative adverse events. However, the impact of the disease subtype and the standard of care for airway management are still unclear.AimsThis study aimed to assess independent risk factors for perioperative adverse events in individuals with mucopolysaccharidoses/mucolipidoses and to analyze the interaction with the primary airway technique implemented.MethodsThis retrospective study included individuals with mucopolysaccharidoses/mucolipidoses who underwent anesthesia at two high‐volume centers from 2002 to 2016. The data were analyzed in a multivariate hierarchical model, accounting for repeated anesthesia procedures within the same patient and for multiple events within a single anesthesia.ResultsOf 141 identified inpatients, 67 (63 mucopolysaccharidoses and 4 mucolipidoses) underwent 269 anesthesia procedures (study cases) for 353 surgical or diagnostic interventions. At least one perioperative adverse event occurred in 25.6% of the cases. The risk for perioperative adverse events was higher in mucopolysaccharidoses type I (OR 8.0 [1.5‐42.7]; P = .014) or type II (OR 8.8 [1.3‐58.6]; P = .025) than in type III. Fiberoptic intubation through a supraglottic airway was associated with the lowest risk for perioperative adverse events and lowest conversion rate. Direct laryngoscopy was associated with a significantly higher risk for airway management problems than indirect techniques (estimated event rates 47.8% vs 10.1%, OR 24.05 [5.20‐111.24]; P < .001). The risk for respiratory adverse events was significantly higher for supraglottic airway (22.6%; OR 31.53 [2.79‐355.88]; P = .001) and direct laryngoscopy (14.8%; OR 14.70 [1.32‐163.44]; P = .029) than for fiberoptic intubation through a supraglottic airway (2.1%).ConclusionsThe disease subtype and primary airway technique were the most important independent risk factors for perioperative adverse events. Our findings indicate that in MPS/ML children with predicted difficult airway indirect techniques should be favored for the first tracheal intubation attempt.
Neotropical ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae): interpreting taxonomy, phylogeny and divergent morphologies
Authors: Murray Elizabeth A. , Heraty John M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Neotropical ‘Kapala Clade’ is a group of 13 described genera of ant parasitoids that includes some of the most morphologically bizarre members in the family Eucharitidae (Chalcidoidea). Across the Kapala Clade, various conspicuous morphological modifications – notably the long mesoscutellar spines – have led to the description of numerous genera. Monophyly of the clade has been supported in morphological and molecular analyses; however, relationships among genera within the clade are not easily resolved. Within this clade, there is one especially problematic taxon: Kapala Cameron is a common, diverse and easily recognizable genus, with species distributed across the Neotropical region north into the southern Nearctic, and one disjunct species found in the Afrotropical region. However, Kapala is defined by pleisiomorphic features – lacking the derived characters of the other Kapala Clade genera – with previous molecular evidence showing this genus to be paraphyletic. To evaluate relationships among Kapala Clade genera, we use a comprehensive sampling of 195 taxa and a molecular dataset of five gene regions. A morphological matrix of 52 characters was analysed both separately and combined with molecular data, which allowed rare genera to be incorporated into the phylogeny. Molecular results were at odds with the historic generic relationships, and the genus Kapala was rendered polyphyletic by two distinct clades of other kapaline genera. We find that there were bursts of morphological change clustered in the phylogeny; however, these are not correlated with higher rates of diversification. We discuss the timing of divergence events, analyse diversification patterns, and evaluate life‐history information within a phylogenetic context.
Gondwana breakup: Messages from the North Natal Valley
Authors: Moulin Maryline , Aslanian Daniel , Evain Mikael , Leprêtre Angélique , Schnurle Philippe , Verrier Fanny , Thompson Joseph , De Clarens Philippe , Leroy Sylvie , Dias Nuno ,   the PAMELA‐MOZ35 Team
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Natal Valley, offshore Mozambique, is a key area for understanding the evolution of East Gondwana. Within the scope of the integrated multidisciplinary PAMELA project, we present new wide‐angle seismic data and interpretations, which considerably alter Geoscience paradigms. These data reveal the presence of a 30‐km‐thick crust that we argue to be of continental nature. This falsifies all the most recent palaeo‐reconstructions of the Gondwana. This 30‐km‐thick continental crust 1,000 m below sea level implies a complex history with probable intrusions of mantle‐derived melts in the lower crust, connected to several occurrences of magmatism, which seems to evidence the crucial role of the lower continental crust in passive margin genesis.
Cost analysis of ganciclovir and foscarnet in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant with cytomegalovirus viremia
Authors: Chen Jason , Abella Ross Justine , Tegtmeier Bernard , Yang Dongyun , Ito James I. , Zaia John A. , Dickter Jana K , Nakamura Ryotaro , Mokhtari Sally , Kriengkauykiat Jane , Al Malki Monzr M. , Dadwal Sanjeet S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundGanciclovir (GCV) and foscarnet (FOS) are the most commonly used antivirals for preemptive treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). The current literature indicates similar efficacy between these agents. Thus, the primary consideration for choice of initial anti‐CMV treatment is the safety profile, time period after alloHCT, and concern of myelosuppression or renal dysfunction.MethodsHerein, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 124 alloHCT recipients who received GCV or FOS between April 27, 2014, and December 31, 2015, during the first year post‐transplant. Healthcare resource use included drug, hospitalization, home health, dialysis, and growth factor costs.ResultsTotal duration of therapy was longer in the GCV group (37 days vs 28 days, P = .21) but hospitalization days were similar (9 days) in both groups. The total treatment cost was significantly lower in the GCV group ($38 100 vs $59 400, P < .05).ConclusionPreemptive anti‐CMV therapy is associated with major healthcare resource costs, which were greater in patients who required FOS than those who were treated with GCV.
Time Domain Fatigue Life Analysis of Offshore Jacket Structure
Authors: Wu Yan Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Offshore wind system encountered wind, wave, current, soil, and other environmental loads. The support structure is randomly loaded for a long time, which is more likely to cause fatigue damage. In this paper, the NREL 5MW wind turbine and OC4 jacket support structure is selected to perform the time domain fatigue analysis. Commercial software Bladed and SACS are used to perform the required structural responses and fatigue strength calculations. The Stress Concentration Factors (SCF) and S-N curves for the stress calculations of tubular joints are adopted based on the recommendation of DNV GL guidelines. The magnitude of the stress variation range and the corresponding number of counts are obtained by using the rain-flow counting algorithm. Finally, the Palmgren-Miner’s rule is adopted to calculate the cumulative damage ratio and the fatigue life can then be estimated. Fatigue damage ratio and structural fatigue life of each joint during 20 years of operation period are evaluated.
Prevalence and characteristics of macular atrophy in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A study from a long-term observational dataset: the Fight Retinal Blindness! project
Authors: Daien Vincent , Nguyen Vuong , Essex Rohan W , Guymer Robin , Arnold Jennifer J , Munk Marion , Ceklic Lala , Gillies Mark C , Barthelmes Daniel 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence and characteristics associated with macular atrophy (MA) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of nAMD eyes that commenced anti-VEGF between January 2006 and August 2016. MA (absent/extrafoveal/subfoveal) was graded by treating practitioners based on multimodal imaging from April 2016. The prevalence of MA over time and risk factors of MA were assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of MA in a cohort of 1689 eyes was 9.9% (22/222) in eyes within 1 year of starting treatment, 41.5% (71/171) after 5 years and 48.4% (30/62) after 9 years of treatment. Risk factors for subfoveal MA included the proportion of visits at which the lesion was graded as inactive ((adjusted OR (AOR) 3.72 for the highest vs lowest the quartile of frequency of inactive gradings (95% CI 2.33 to 6.07)), age (AOR 1.05 per year (95% CI 1.02 to 1.07)), baseline visual acuity (AOR 3.9 for ≤35 letters vs ≥70 letters (95% CI 2.4 to 6.4)) and the number of injections received (AOR 1.20 every 10 injections (95% CI 1.08 to 1.33)). Similar associations were observed with extrafoveal MA.ConclusionsThe risk of MA appeared to drop in eyes that had not developed it within 5 years. Low choroidal neovascularisation activity was by far the strongest predictor. We could not determine whether the increased prevalence of MA with time was due to anti-VEGF treatment or the natural history of the condition.
Development of a Simulation Scenario Evaluation Tool (SSET): modified Delphi study
Authors: Hernandez Jessica , Frallicciardi Alise , Nadir Nur-Ain , Gothard M David , Ahmed Rami A 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionOne critical aspect of successful simulation facilitation is development of written scenarios. However, there are no validated assessment tools dedicated to the evaluation of written simulation scenarios available. Our aim was to develop a tool to evaluate the quality of written simulation demonstrating content validity.MethodsA comprehensive literature search did not yield a validated assessment tool dedicated for the evaluation of written simulation scenarios. A subsequent search yielded six templates published for written simulation scenario design. From these templates, critical scenario elements were identified to create an evaluation instrument with six components of scenario quality with corresponding anchors and rating scale. Subsequently, a national group of simulation experts were engaged via survey methodology to rate the content of the proposed instrument. Ultimately, a modified two-round Delphi approach was implemented to demonstrate consensus of the final assessment tool.Results38 responses were obtained in round 1, while 22 complete responses were obtained in round 2. Round 1 kappa values ranged from 0.44 to 1.0, indicating moderate to almost perfect rater agreement for inclusion of the six proposed components. Kappa values specifically regarding scale and anchors ranged from 0 to 0.49. After revisions, there was a significant level of agreement (p<0.05) of all items of the proposed assessment tool in the second-round survey except for item 10. Of note, all initial respondents indicated that they had never evaluated written scenarios with an assessment tool.ConclusionsThe Simulation Scenario Evaluation Tool, developed using a national consensus of content experts, is an instrument demonstrating content validity that assesses the quality of written simulation scenarios. This tool provides a basis to guide structured feedback regarding the quality of written simulation scenarios.
Sex differences in health and mortality by income and income changes
Authors: Ahrenfeldt Linda Juel , Pedersen Jacob Krabbe , Thinggaard Mikael , Christensen Kaare , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe adverse association between income, health and survival is well documented, but little is known about how income trajectories influence health and survival for men and women. We aim to investigate sex differences in mortality and hospitalisations by income and income changes.MethodsWe performed a population-based, nationwide study including 1 063 787 Danes born 1935–1955 and residing in Denmark during 1980–2015. Income was calculated during two age intervals: 45–49 and 55–59 years. The average income was divided into quartiles for men and women separately, which formed the basis for the income trajectories. Individuals were followed up from age 60 until 2014/2015 for hospital admission and mortality, respectively.ResultsMen had higher mortality and were more hospitalised than women. Sex differences in mortality were most pronounced for people with stable low income (relative difference in hazard=1.93; 95% CI 1.89 to 1.98) and a downward income trajectory (1.91; 95% CI 1.85 to 1.98) with smaller sex differences for people with an upward trajectory (1.59; 95% CI 1.56 to 1.62) and stable high income (1.37; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.41). A similar pattern was found for family income. Regarding hospitalisations, similar results were found, though less pronounced. Investigation of mortality and hospitalisations by all possible trajectories demonstrated that income at ages 55–59 was an important predictor of mortality, with increasing mortality for decreasing income quartile.ConclusionIncome trajectories as a proxy for change in social position have a larger influence on men’s than women’s health and mortality. Income in the late 50s is an important predictor of mortality, particularly for men.
Daily running exercise may induce incomplete energy intake compensation: a 7-day crossover trial
Authors: Hough John , Esh Chris , Mackie Paul , Stensel David J. , Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia K. 
Published: December 2019

Understanding daily exercise effects on energy balance is important. This study examined the effects of 7 days of imposed exercise (EX) and no exercise (N-EX) on free-living energy intake (EI) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in 9 men. Free-living EI was higher in EX compared with N-EX. Total and vigorous PAEE were higher, with PAEE in sedentary activities lower, during EX compared with N-EX. Daily running (for 7 days) induced EI compensation of ∼60% exercise-induced EE. Novelty Daily running for 7 days induced incomplete EI compensation accounting for ∼60% of the exercise-induced EE.