bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Flexibility in Alcohol‐Drinking Monkeys: The Morning After
Authors: Shnitko Tatiana A. , Gonzales Steven W. , Newman Natali , Grant Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundHeavy alcohol drinking has aspects of inflexible behavior. This study addressed the consequences of chronic alcohol drinking on cognitive and sensory‐motor domains of behavioral flexibility in rhesus monkeys.MethodsBehavioral flexibility was assessed in 12 monkeys (n = 9, ethanol [EtOH] drinkers) with a set‐shifting visual discrimination procedure before alcohol self‐administration and while maintaining consumption of 1.5 g/kg/d EtOH. Task performance was assessed in the morning after ~18 hours of drinking 1.5 g/kg, and 1 hour before the next day's drinking session began. The first 10 set‐shifting sessions had the original (preethanol) test parameters and were used to determine retention of preethanol performance. Then, an effect of sensory‐motor challenge (60% reduction in the size of the discriminative stimuli) on performance was assessed during 10 additional sessions.ResultsThere were no average group‐dependent differences in the performance between control and EtOH groups at the preethanol time‐point. The daily consumption of 1.5 g/kg/d produced binge alcohol intakes in 7 of 9 monkeys (blood EtOH concentration [BEC ≥ 80 mg/dl]). Chronic daily intakes of 1.5 g/kg had no effect on retention of the task in the sober state. However, when challenged with a reduction in the size of the stimuli, daily 1.5 g/kg EtOH resulted in a decrement in performance due to an increase in the number of errors.ConclusionsRhesus monkeys consuming 1.5 g/kg alcohol daily perform equally as could as control monkeys in retention of a well‐learned cognitive task. However, this pattern of daily alcohol intake robustly decreased the ability to flexibly adjust behavior when confronted with novel changes to perceptual stimuli.
Characterization of Service Use for Alcohol Problems Across Generations and Sex in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Bourdon Jessica L. , Tillman Rebecca , Francis Meredith W. , Dick Danielle M. , Stephenson Mallory , Kamarajan Chella , Edenberg Howard J. , Kramer John , Kuperman Samuel , Bucholz Kathleen K. , McCutcheon Vivia V. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThere are gaps in the literature on service use (help‐seeking and treatment utilization) for alcohol problems among those with alcohol use disorder (AUD). First, policy changes and cultural shifts (e.g., insurance) related to AUD have occurred over the last few decades, making it important to study generational differences. Second, multiple studies have found that females receive fewer services than males, and exploring whether these sex differences persist across generations can inform public health and research endeavors. The current study examined service use for alcohol problems among individuals with AUD. The aims were as follows: (i) to describe service use for alcohol problems; (ii) to assess generational differences (silent [b. 1928 to 1945], boomer [b. 1946 to 1964], generation X [b. 1965 to 1980], millennial [b. 1981 to 1996]) in help‐seeking and treatment utilization; and (iii) to examine sex differences across generations.MethodsData were from affected family members of probands who participated in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (N = 4,405). First, frequencies for service use variables were calculated across generations. Pearson chi‐square and ANOVA were used to test for differences in rates and types of service use across generations, taking familial clustering into account. Next, Cox survival modeling was used to assess associations of generation and sex with time to first help‐seeking and first treatment for AUD, and time from first onset of AUD to first help‐seeking and first treatment. Interactions between generation and sex were tested within each Cox regression.ResultsSignificant hazards were found in all 4 transitions. Overall, younger generations used services earlier than older generations, which translated into higher likelihoods of these behaviors. Regardless of generation, younger females were less likely to use services than males.ConclusionsThere are generational and sex differences in service use for alcohol problems among individuals with AUD. Policy and clinical implications are discussed.
Drinking beyond the binge threshold in a clinical sample of adolescents
Authors: Creswell Kasey G. , Chung Tammy , Skrzynski Carillon J. , Bachrach Rachel L. , Jackson Kristina M. , Clark Duncan B. , Martin Christopher S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsNearly all the research conducted on high‐intensity drinking has focused on college and school‐based samples, with recent calls for research to understand this risky drinking pattern in non‐school‐based samples and across time. This study aimed to characterize predictors and consequences of non‐binge drinking, age‐ and gender‐adjusted binge drinking (level I) and drinking at levels representing two or more times (level II) and three or more times the level I binge threshold (level III) in a clinical sample of adolescents followed into young adulthood.DesignCross‐sectional associations between non‐binge drinking, binge levels, and negative alcohol‐related consequences were examined during adolescence; prospective analyses tested whether adolescent non‐binge drinking and binge levels predicted alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms in young adulthood and whether changes in drinking motives over time were associated with binge levels in young adulthood.SettingUS clinical settings.ParticipantsA total of 432 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) with alcohol‐related problems followed into young adulthood (aged 19–25 years).MeasurementsLife‐time drinking history, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM AUDs, and Inventory of Drinking Situations.FindingsResults were generally consistent with a distinction between binge level I versus levels II–III on various negative alcohol‐related consequences in adolescence (Ps < 0.05) that were maintained in young adulthood (Ps < 0.01). The maintenance of relatively high endorsement of enhancement and social motives over time was associated with binge levels II–III in young adulthood (Ps < 0.001); decreases in coping motives were associated with less risky drinking in adulthood (P = 0.003).ConclusionsAmong US adolescents with alcohol‐related problems who were followed‐up in young adulthood (aged 19–25 years), standard threshold binge drinking (five or more drinks per occasion; level I) was generally associated with fewer alcohol‐related consequences and problem behaviors than binge drinking at two or more times (level II) or three or more times (level III) the standard binge threshold.
Type 2 leprosy reaction resembling Sweet syndrome: Review of new and published cases
Authors: Chavez‐Alvarez Sonia , Herz‐Ruelas Maira , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Gomez‐Flores Minerva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA leprosy reaction resembling Sweet syndrome was first described in 1987. This cutaneous manifestation can be classified as the type 2 reaction which arises from antigen–antibody interaction. It can occur in patients with diagnosed or undiagnosed leprosy, and men with borderline leprosy tend to exhibit this type of reaction. Triggering factors may include WHO multibacillary treatment or prescription antibiotics. Several reports of this clinical phenomenon have been published, making physicians consider it as part of this spectrum of the disease. Treatment regime can include systemic steroids and thalidomide.
The optimal timing of immunotherapy may improve pregnancy outcome in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: A perspective follow‐up study in northeastern China
Authors: Hou Yue , Li Jiapo , Liu Qian , Zhang Liyang , Chen Bingnan , Li Yuanyuan , Bian Yue , Huang Ling , Qiao Chong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProblemTo determine whether patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) can benefit from pre‐conception immunotherapy or on the early phase of the first trimester.Method of studyThe prospective follow‐up study which involved pre‐conception patients diagnosed with URPL following rigorous etiology screening in the medical center of recurrent pregnancy loss. In this study, pre‐conception immunotherapy included lymphocyte immunotherapy (pre‐LIT). Post‐conception immunotherapy (post‐IM) included LIT or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Patients were recommended to undergo post‐IM immediately from human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) elevation. Autoimmune antibodies (AIA) and anti‐paternal lymphocytotoxic antibodies (APLA) were tested before and after pre‐LIT. Favorable outcome was defined as pregnancy over 14 weeks. Unfavorable outcomes included biochemical pregnancy loss (BPL) and pregnancy loss with clear implantation location (PLCIL).ResultsIn this study, URPL accounted for 12.9% of recurrent pregnancy loss (217/1682). Frequency of BPL was significantly lower in patients with post‐IM than that without post‐IM [2.8% vs 28.2%; adjusted relative risk (aRR), 0.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01‐0.24]. There was a significant positive conversion in the AIA induced by pre‐LIT (0.0% vs 31.0%). Frequency of PLCIL in patients with positive iatrogenic AIA conversion induced by pre‐LIT was higher than that in patients without AIA conversion [30.4% vs 5.8%; aRR, 7.53; 95% CI, 1.31‐43.34].ConclusionPre‐LIT of patients with URPL contributed to a positive iatrogenic AIA conversion, which was associated with an increased risk of PLCIL. Post‐IM immediately initiated from the time of hCG elevation can reduce the incidence of BPL.
Sexism Interacts with Patient–Physician Gender Concordance in Influencing Patient Control Preferences: Findings from a Vignette Experimental Design
Authors: Monzani Dario , Vergani Laura , Pizzoli Silvia Francesca Maria , Marton Giulia , Mazzocco Ketti , Bailo Luca , Messori Chiara , Pancani Luca , Cattelan Manuela , Pravettoni Gabriella 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPatient preferences regarding their involvement in shared treatments decisions is fundamental in clinical practice. Previous evidences demonstrated a large heterogeneity in these preferences. However, only few studies have analysed the influence of patients’ individual differences, contextual and situational qualities, and their complex interaction in explaining this variability.MethodsWe assessed the role of the interaction of patient’s sociodemographic and psychological factors with a physician’s gender. Specifically, we focused on patient gender and attitudes toward male or female physicians. One hundred fifty‐three people participated in this randomised controlled study and were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions in which they were asked to imagine discussing their treatment with a male and a female doctor.ResultsAnalyses showed an interplay between attitude towards women and the gender of patients and doctors, explaining interindividual variability in patient preferences.ConclusionsIn conclusion, patients’ attitudes toward the physicians’ gender constitutes a relevant characteristic that may influence the degree of control patients want to have and the overall patient‐physician relationship.
The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) erasers alkylation repair homologue 5 (ALKBH5) and fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) are prognostic biomarkers in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Strick Alexander , von Hagen Felix , Gundert Larissa , Klümper Niklas , Tolkach Yuri , Schmidt Doris , Kristiansen Glen , Toma Marieta , Ritter Manuel , Ellinger Jörg 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo comprehensively investigate the role of the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) erasers ALKBH5 and FTO in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), other RCC subtypes, and oncocytoma with respect to prognostic value and biomarker potential.Patients and MethodsThe collection of tissue samples was performed within the framework of the Biobank at the Centre for Integrated Oncology Cologne‐Bonn. The gene expressions of alkylation repair homologue 5 (ALKBH5) and fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) were determined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. ALKBH5 and FTO expressions were further investigated in ccRCC, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, sarcomatoid RCC, oncocytoma, and benign renal tissue using tissue microarrays.ResultsALKBH5 mRNA, as well as ALKBH5 and FTO protein expressions, was significantly downregulated in ccRCC compared to normal tissue and most of the other studied tumour entities. Decreased mRNA levels of ALKBH5 and FTO correlated with a shortened overall and cancer‐specific survival following nephrectomy.ConclusionsTaken together, our present data indicate that the m6A‐demethylases ALKBH5 and FTO are dysregulated in ccRCC and could be used as prognostic biomarkers.
Acetylshikonin suppressed growth of colorectal tumour tissue and cells by inhibiting the intracellular kinase, T‐lymphokine‐activated killer cell‐originated protein kinase.
Authors: Zhao Ran , Choi Bu Young , Wei Lixiao , Fredimoses Mangaladoss , Yin Fanxiang , Fu Xiaorong , Chen Hanyong , Liu Kangdong , Kundu Joydeb Kumar , Dong Zigang , Lee Mee‐Hyun 
Published: January 2020

Background and PurposeOverexpression or aberrant activation of the T‐lymphokine‐activated killer cell‐originated protein kinase (TOPK) promotes gene expression and growth of solid tumours, implying that TOPK would be a rational target in developing novel anticancer drugs. Acetylshikonin, a diterpenoid compound isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon root, exerts a range of biological activities. Here we have investigated whether acetylshikonin, by acting as an inhibitor of TOPK, can attenuate the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and the growth of patient‐derived tumours, in vitro and in vivo.Experimental ApproachTargets of acetylshikonin, were identified using kinase profiling analysis, kinetic/binding assay, and computational docking analysis and knock‐down techniques. Effects of acetylshikonin on colorectal cancer growth and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in cell proliferation assays, propidium iodide and annexin‐V staining analyses and western blots. Patient‐derived tumour xenografts in mice (PDX) and immunohistochemistry were used to assess anti‐tumour effects of acetylshikonin.Key ResultsAcetylshikonin directly inhibited TOPK activity, interacting with the ATP‐binding pocket of TOPK. Acetylshikonin suppressed cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, stimulated apoptosis, and increased the expression of apoptotic biomarkers in colorectal cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, acetylshikonin diminished the phosphorylation and activation of TOPK signalling. Furthermore, acetylshikonin decreased the volume of PDX tumours and reduced the expression of TOPK signalling pathway in xenograft tumours.Conclusion and ImplicationsAcetylshikonin suppressed growth of colorectal cancer cells by attenuating TOPK signalling. Targeted inhibition of TOPK by acetylshikonin might be a promising new approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Impact of bowel and stoma dysfunction on female sexuality after treatment for rectal cancer
Authors: Thyø A. , Laurberg S. , Emmertsen K. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to measure the impact of bowel dysfunction and a poorly functioning stoma on the risk of sexual inactivity and sexual dysfunction in female patients.MethodIn a population‐based cross‐sectional study, Danish rectal cancer patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2014 were invited to answer a comprehensive questionnaire regarding cancer‐ and treatment‐related late side effects after rectal cancer treatment. Bowel function was assessed using the Low Anterior Resection score and stoma function using the Colostomy Impact score. Female sexuality was measured by sexual activity, overall sexual dysfunction (the Rectal Cancer Female Sexuality score) and by different domains of sexual dysfunction (Sexual Vaginal Changes questionnaire).ResultsEight‐hundred and thirteen female patients completed the questionnaire (response rate 49.2%). Major bowel dysfunction did not significantly increase the risk of sexual inactivity (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.93–2.07) but clearly increased the risk of sexual dysfunction (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.67–5.51). The most distinct problems were dyspareunia and inability to complete intercourse. On the contrary, poor stoma function increased the risk sexual inactivity (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.16–4.40) but not the risk of sexual dysfunction (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.27–1.99). The most distinct problem was dissatisfaction with own physical appearance.ConclusionsBoth bowel dysfunction and stoma dysfunction negatively, but differently, affect sexuality. After restorative surgery, bowel dysfunction was primarily associated with sexual dysfunction while poor stoma function after abdominoperineal excision was associated with sexual inactivity.
Effects of preceding endoscopic treatment on laparoscopic surgery for early rectal cancer
Authors: Nozawa H. , Ishii H. , Sonoda H. , Emoto S. , Murono K. , Kaneko M. , Sasaki K. , Nishikawa T. , Shuno Y. , Tanaka T. , Kawai K. , Hata K. , Ishihara S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimEndoscopic treatment for rectal cancer, such as endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection, causes inflammation, oedema and fibrosis in the surrounding tissue. However, little is known about the effect of these endoscopic therapies on salvage laparoscopic rectal surgery. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to analyse the effect of preceding endoscopic treatment on the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.MethodWe analysed 53 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer with clinical Tis or T1 at our department between May 2011 and June 2019. Data from 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery after preceding endoscopic treatment (Group E + S) were compared with those of 23 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery alone (Group S).ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups with respect to preoperative details. The mean operative time tended to be longer in Group E + S, and the volume of intra‐operative blood loss was greater in Group E + S than in Group S (median 63 ml vs 10 ml, P = 0.049). There were no significant differences between the groups in other surgical parameters or oncological outcomes.ConclusionLaparoscopic surgery after endoscopic treatment for rectal cancer may be difficult due to an increased risk of intra‐operative bleeding. Long‐term prognosis after surgery was not affected by preceding endoscopic treatment in rectal cancer.
Orale und Nagelpigmentierungen: eine für den Kliniker nützliche Parallelität
Authors: Dika Emi , Starace Michela , Lambertini Martina , Patrizi Annalisa , Veronesi Giulia , Alessandrini Aurora , Piraccini Bianca Maria 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungOrale (OP) und Nagelpigmentierungen (NP) können unter bestimmten physiologischen oder pathophysiologischen Umständen gleichzeitig auftreten und ein Anzeichen für zugrundeliegende syndromische Erkrankungen sein, die eine weiterführende Untersuchung und Therapie erfordern. Interessanterweise weisen Nageleinheit und Mundhöhle klinische Parallelen auf, die dem Arzt helfen können, eine Untersuchung fachgerecht durchzuführen und eine schnelle Diagnose zu stellen.Sowohl OP als auch NP können sich klinisch fokal oder diffus manifestieren und sind auf externe (exogene Pigmentierungen, arzneimittelinduzierte Pigmentierungen) oder endogene Faktoren (ethnische Pigmentierung, postinflammatorische Hyperpigmentierung, Nävi, genetische oder andere Störungen) zurückzuführen. Die schwerwiegendste Differenzialdiagnose ist das Melanom.Wir berichten über die pathogenetischen Grundlagen der OP und NP und beschreiben gemeinsame klinische Merkmale. Nach unserem besten Wissen ist dies der erste Bericht, in dem die Ursachen einer Pigmentierung sowohl der Mundhöhle als auch der Nageleinheit zusammengefasst und beschrieben werden.
Psychosocial and functional outcomes in young adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy: a 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Friefeld Kesselmayer Rachel , McMillan Taylor , Lee Beatrice , Almane Dace , Hermann Bruce P , Jones Jana E 
Published: January 2020

AimTo compare long‐term psychosocial and functional outcomes of young adults with uncomplicated childhood‐onset epilepsy (COE) to population norm controls utilizing a controlled prospective cohort study.MethodPsychosocial and functional outcomes were assessed at 10‐year follow‐up. Fifty‐three young adults (27 males, 26 females) with COE (n=21 remission; 18y 1mo–30y 9mo; mean age 23y 4mo [SD 3y 4mo]; mean age of epilepsy onset 12y [SD 3y 2mo]) were compared to 55 (23 males, 32 females) first‐degree cousin controls (18y 5mo–29y 8mo; mean age 23y 6mo [SD 3y]). Seizure remission status and baseline comorbidities (attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and academic problems) were examined as possible risk factors for significant differences in functional outcomes.ResultsPoorer functional outcomes, indicated by patient rated cognition and overall disability, were evident among young adults with epilepsy compared to controls (all p<0.05). These difficulties were due to baseline comorbid ADHD and academic problems. Remission status was not related to measured cognition and overall disability.InterpretationPsychosocial outcomes of young adults with COE were similar to controls. In contrast, functional outcomes were worse in epilepsy across cognition and overall disability. Baseline comorbid ADHD and academic problems were identified as risk factors at 10‐year follow‐up suggesting that these early recognized comorbidities at or near diagnosis have long‐term impacts.What this paper adds

Young adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy (COE) and controls have similar psychosocial outcomes 10 years after diagnosis.

Young adults with COE report greater limitations in cognition and overall disability than controls.

Baseline presence of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and academic problems significantly affect cognitive and overall disability scores.
Association of increased hepatic insulin clearance and change in serum triglycerides or β‐hydroxybutyrate concentration via the sodium/glucose‐cotransporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin
Authors: Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Yoshida Akihiro , Suganami Hideki , Osawa Taeko , Furukawa Kazuo , Suzuki Hiroshi , Fujihara Kazuya , Tanaka Shiro , Kaku Kohei , Sone Hirohito 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsObesity and hepatic fat accumulation diminish hepatic insulin clearance, which can cause hyperinsulinaemia. Sodium/glucose‐cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2‐is) improve insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia by weight loss via increased urinary glucose excretion in type 2 diabetes. However, there are few reports of the influence of SGLT2‐is on hepatic insulin clearance. We examined the impact of an SGLT2‐i on hepatic insulin clearance and explored the clinical influence associated with changes in hepatic insulin clearance via an SGLT2‐i and the mechanism of the effects of SGLT2‐i.Materials and methodsData were analysed from 419 patients with type 2 diabetes controlled by diet and exercise. Patients received a placebo or the SGLT2‐i tofogliflozin (TOFO) (placebo: n = 56; TOFO: n = 363) orally once daily for ≥24 weeks. Hepatic insulin clearance was calculated from the ratio of areas under the curve (AUC) of C‐peptide and insulin levels derived from oral meal tolerance test data (C‐peptide AUC0‐120 min/insulin AUC0‐120 min: HICCIR). The correlation of HICCIR via the SGLT2‐i with other clinical variables was analysed using multivariate analysis.ResultsHICCIR was significantly increased via TOFO at week 24. Furthermore, with TOFO insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) and β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was significantly elevated (P < 0.001). Changes in HICCIR were significantly correlated with changes in TG and BHB via TOFO.ConclusionsIncreased HICCIR was significantly associated with reduced TG via TOFO and contributed to the greater increase in BHB compared with placebo in addition to the correction of hyperinsulinaemia.