bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Metallicity of Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Wu Yu-Zhong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We use data for 6048 early-type galaxies (ETGs) from Galaxy Zoo 1 that have been cross-matched with the catalog of the MPA-JHU emission-line measurements for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. We measure the metallicity of these ETGs by excluding various ionization sources, and study other properties as well. We use the optimal division line of W2–W3 = 2.5 as a diagnostic tool, and for the first time derive metallicity measurements for 2218 ETGs. We find that these ETGs actually are closer to H ii regions as defined by Kauffmann et al. in the Baldwin–Philips–Terevich diagram, and they display younger stellar populations. We present a full mass–metallicity relation and find that most ETGs have lower metallicities than star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at a given galaxy stellar mass. We use five metallicity calibrators to check our results. We find that these metallicity indicators (R23, O32, and O3S2) give consistent results. We suggest that the remaining two metallicity calibrators, which increase metallicity by N-enrichment, can be used to calibrate metallicities for SFGs, but not to estimate the metallicities of ETGs.
Interpreting Solar Wind Turbulent Spectra beyond Taylor’s Hypothesis
Authors: Bourouaine Sofiane , Perez Jean C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this Letter we apply a methodology, recently proposed by Bourouaine & Perez (BP19), to interpret solar wind turbulent power spectra beyond the Taylor approximation (TA). The turbulent power spectra were measured using Helios spacecraft data near 0.6 au. We use the model proposed in BP19 to reproduce the field-perpendicular power spectrum E(k
⊥) of antisunward Alfvénic fluctuations in the plasma frame (where k
⊥ is the field-perpendicular wavenumber) from the corresponding measured frequency power spectrum

along the sampling angle θ

b
, which is the angle between the local magnetic field and the sampling direction. Here ω = 2πf and f is the frequency of the time signal. Interestingly enough, we found that for all corresponding measured frequency power spectrum

the reproduced field-perpendicular power spectrum E(k
⊥) is the same and independent of the considered sampling angle θ

b
. This finding is consistent with the fact that the analyzed turbulence is strong and highly anisotropic with

(where

is the field-parallel wavenumber). Furthermore, for this specific time signal we found that the commonly used TA is still approximately valid with the important difference that a broadening in k
⊥ for each angular frequency ω is present. This broadening can be described in the context of the methodology proposed in BP19.
Personal resources and flexibility in coping with stress depending on perceived stress in a group of cancer patients
Authors: Basińska Małgorzata A. , Sołtys Michalina 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundCancer is a highly stressful life event. It requires the employment of new coping skills and strategies. Flexibility in coping with stress plays an important role in this case. The aim of the study was to assess the role of personal resources in shaping the flexi-bility in coping with stress among cancer patients depending on the level of perceived stress.Participants and procedureOne hundred eight patients suffering from cancer were surveyed. The following methods were employed: the Resiliency Meas-urement Scale by Ogińska-Bulik and Juczyński, the Adult Hope Scale by Snyder, the Spirituality Index of Well-Being by Daaleman and Frey, the Flexibility in Coping with Stress Questionnaire by Basińska and team and the Global Measure of Per-ceived Stress by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein.ResultsThe results demonstrated a positive correlation between all considered personal resources and flexibility in coping.
Both resiliency and spiritual well-being enable one to predict 23% of variability of flexibility in coping. Cluster analysis revealed that the group of patients with a generally higher level of personal resources was characterised by greater flexibility in all its dimensions. However, stress levels did not modify the relationships between personal resources and flexibility in coping.ConclusionsThe results encourage the planning of psychological interventions aimed at the development of personal resources among cancer patients, and warrant further research.
Chemical de-staining and the delta correction for blue intensity measurements of stained lake subfossil trees
Authors: Wang Feng , Arseneault Dominique , Boucher Étienne , Yu Shulong , Ouellet Steeven , Chaillou Gwenaëlle , Delwaide Ann , Wang Lily 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The stain of wood samples from lake subfossil trees (LSTs) is challenging the wide application of the blue intensity (BI) technique for millennial dendroclimatic reconstructions. In this study, we used seven chemical de-staining reagents to treat samples of subfossil black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)) trees from two lakes in the eastern Canadian boreal forest. We subsequently compared latewood BI (LBI) and delta BI (DBI) time series along with conventional maximum latewood density (MXD) measured from the stained and de-stained samples. Results show that the stain of our samples is most likely caused by post-sampling oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron in lake sediments that penetrated into wood. Three reagents (ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate and sodium dithionite all mixed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) could remove > 90 % of Fe. However, even for the best chemical protocol, a discrepancy of about +2 °C compared to MXD data remains in the LBI-based temperature reconstruction due to incomplete de-staining. On the contrary, the simple mathematical delta correction, DBI is unaffected by Fe stain and shows very similar results compared to MXD data (r > 0.82) from annual to centennial timescales over the past ~ 360 years. This study underlines the difficulty of completely de-staining lake subfossil samples, while confirming the robustness of the DBI approach. DBI data measured from stained LSTs can be used to perform robust millennial temperature reconstructions.
A New Global Space: Rethinking General Education in the New Global Learning Environment
Authors: Lundberg Karin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
General education curricula and learning outcomes have gained increased attention in undergraduate education. Often missing in the discussion, however, is discussion of today's globally diverse learning environment. This reflective article begins with some of the original ideas of general education in the early nineteenth century. It connects these ideas with today's global discourses, concluding with the idea we must redefine global citizenship in current general education curricula, specifically in the area of English Language Learning (ELL). The article further describes how diverse knowledge perspectives and the multiplicity of meanings, derived from students' bicultural backgrounds, can form the foundation of a content-based curriculum around the theme “The City in World History.” The purpose of this curriculum is to help students orient in historical time and place and allow a sharing of perspectives, which helps form connections between their own reference framework and the ones of their peers. Preliminary results show enhanced learner motivation and a stronger sense of belonging in the academic learning environment, which may lead to greater students' academic success. Ultimately, through such a learning experience, students may position themselves as citizens of the world regardless of their cultural backgrounds.
The Imperative of Arts in General Education: Do the Arts Enhance Quality Learning?
Authors: Leung Suzannie K. Y. , Hoshmand A. Reza 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The arts have been part of human endeavor throughout the history of civilization. They have defined cultures and enriched our lives. Despite their value, the arts have not been given equal priority with other academic disciplines, either in K–12 or in tertiary education. Recognizing the value of arts education for the overall cognitive development of students, this article evaluates the impact of arts courses in a university setting through a General Education program. Pre- and post-surveys (N=203 for the Study Process Questionnaire and N=163 for the Learning Experience Inventory) were conducted to evaluate what was learned in these courses, and the results show that there was a positive impact on students' capacity for quality learning. The study indicates the importance of arts education for student learning and the power of the arts in General Education.
Cognitive Learning in Large Lectures of the Basic Communication Course: Does Delivery Format Matter?
Authors: Jacobi Laura , Cvancara Kristen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Both large lectures and online formats are encouraged as viable options for the delivery of course material in higher education today, especially in large general education courses. However, how do such delivery formats impact student learning? In an effort to understand how lecture format impacts cognitive learning, this study investigated how the delivery format impacts the actual and perceived cognitive learning of students in a basic communication course in a midsized Midwestern university. Using one-way between-subjects ANOVA, earned exam grades, coded written reflections, and scores from a cognitive learning perception scale were compared across online, hybrid, and face-to-face lecture delivery formats. As predicted, no significant differences on any of the dependent variables were identified, indicating a lack of influence of delivery format on actual or perceived levels of cognitive learning. However, aspects of teacher immediacy, student learning preferences, and degree of interaction in recitation sections is discussed, along with implications for future research.
Civic Engagement Embedded in the Introductory Communication Course
Authors: Horn Dakota C. , Dillerud Madison , Fitzgerald Josh , Smith Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article is an exploration of a current practice implementing civic engagement in the general education curriculum. At the university examined in this article, all students complete a civic engagement requirement in the oral communication course. The authors provide justification for why institutional initiatives are not enough to accomplish the goals of civic engagement but must be embedded in a particular course, assignment, and learning outcome. The article uses the personal perspective of the General Education Assessment Coordinator, Director of the Oral Communication course, and a student who completed the assignment to share the successes of this practice.
Designing Messages to Change Student Attitudes about General Education Courses: Developing the Think Beyond the Major Campaign
Authors: Lash Brittany N. , Record Rachael A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In an effort to promote undergraduate students' attitudes toward general education courses, the Think Beyond the Major campaign prioritized the design and creation of the campaign messages. These efforts produced materials that were supported in improving attitudes toward, and communication about, general education courses among undergraduate students. Message design processes and products are understood to be essential to the effectiveness of public communication campaigns. Guided by William J. McGuire's input-output model, this study reports on the focus group-guided creation of the Think Beyond the Major campaign messages. Using thematic analysis, findings explore the use of source logo, tailored images, appeal, and content for education-based campaign messages. Examining implications and findings of message design processes and products aids with the development of future campaign messages, and thus, the effectiveness of future campaigns in higher education.
Secondary Victimization of Animals in Criminal Procedure: Lessons from Switzerland
Authors: Blattner Charlotte E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Switzerland is internationally known for its progressive animal laws and for its innovative tools in law enforcement. In 1992, the Canton of Zurich introduced a public lawyer vested with the task of representing animals’ interests in criminal procedure, known as the Animal Protection Lawyer (APL). The APL had the power to access information about court proceedings, study pending court cases, and intervene on behalf of victim animals. This enforcement tool set a precedent across the world. It amounted to a recognition of animals as de facto victims and created an “equality of arms” for human and animal parties in criminal procedure. In a historic move in 2014, the Zurich parliament removed the APL from office—by mistake, as some maintain. Meanwhile—unnoticed by many—the Canton of Berne maintained a state agency vested with the very same powers as those the APL had, called the Dachverband Berner Tierschutzorganisationen (DBT). Though the DBT operated as an established agency for over 2 decades, in August 2017, a criminal court in Berne denied the DBT standing, arguing that the laws conferring on it the right to represent animals violate the federal law on criminal procedure. In July 2018, the Supreme Court delivered its judgment, and effectively stripped the DBT of its rights to represent animals in criminal proceedings.
This article describes these recent shifts in criminal animal law in detail and analyzes the sociopolitical factors that gave rise to them. Special attention is paid to the question of what is left for Switzerland as a role model in animal law given ongoing deregulations, particularly as recent cases in the United States point to an incremental emancipation of animals as victims. The article discusses current alternatives to the APL and the DBT (like public prosecutors, special prosecution sections, and veterinary agencies) and puts their promises under scrutiny. The analysis reveals that these alternatives skirt the main obstacles faced by animals in criminal procedure (issues of representation, expertise in animal law, funding, and competition with other causes) and threaten the democratic will of the Swiss people. Two alternatives are discussed that can help Switzerland overcome its insufficiencies: the organizational right to appeal and victim rights for animals in criminal procedure. Using these alternatives, the article calls for the global emancipation of animals as the proper victims of crimes and for furnishing them with correlating rights to enforcement, including rights to representation.
Elevated preoperative levels of CA 19-9 and CA 125 predicts overall survival time in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Single institution series.
Authors: Hogendorf Piotr , Skulimowski Aleksander , Durczyński Adam , Kumor Anna , Poznańska Grażyna , Poznańska Agnieszka , Oleśna Aleksandra , Rut Joanna , Øvereng Juliebø Siri , Szmiel Aneta , Strzelczyk Janusz 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease, being the fourth cause of cancer-related death worldwide.
Several studies have investigated the use of multiple cancer biomarkers, such as C 19-9, CA 125, and CEA, as prognostic factors for overall survival in pancreatic cancer. CA 125 seems to have superior predictive utility in selected groups of PDAC patients.

Material and methods:
We retrospectively analyzed data collected from 129 patients admitted to our Department due to diagnosis with pancreatic cancer. Prior to the survival analysis, the preliminary assessment of pre-treatment levels of biomarkers was carried out. The overall survival time was defined as that elapsing from the admission date to the date of death.

Results:
The patients mean age was 62 +/- 9.5 years, while the median overall survival (OS) was 7mo 12d. As for tumor localization, most of the patients had PDAC within the head of the pancreas (n=93), followed by PDAC of the pancreatic body (n=15), pancreatic tail (n=14) and both pancreatic body and tail (n=7). Ninety-five patients had an unresectable tumor and 34 were diagnosed with a resectable tumor (tab.1).
The statistically significant correlation was found for CA 125 (ρ=-0.355 p<0.001) and CA 19-9 (ρ=-0.225 p=0.012). We chose the following cut-off points: CA 125>=20 IU/mL was considered as high, and CA 19-9>=200 IU/mL as significantly elevated. In the univariate analysis in the Kaplan-Meier survival model, adjusted for age, both elevated biomarkers were statistically significant prognostic factors of OS (CA 125<20 median OS- 10mo 3d vs. CA 125>=20- 4mo 17d p=0.001) and (CA19-9<200 median OS- 8mo 3d vs. CA 19-9>=200- 4mo 20d p=0.001). Patients’ gender and, PDAC resectability and its localization were not statistically significant prognostic factors (log rank test p=0.8; p=0.108 and p=0.578 respectively). In the age-adjusted multivariate analysis, both biomarkers remained significant- CA 125>=20 (HR: 1.73 95%CI 1.27-2.58 p=0.006) CA 19-9>=200 (HR: 1.78 95%CI 1.19-2.66 p=0.005)

Conclusions:
Our study proves the utility of the pretreatment assessment of CA 125 because its level is tightly correlated with OS. It may be hypothesized that the pretreatment measurement of both CA 19-9 and CA 125 can provide the valuable information about patients’ prognosis.
Characterization and Virulence of Candida Isolated from Children with Dental Caries and Its Susceptibility to Various Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Beena M.S. 
Published: April 2020

Candida is known to be associated with early colonization of cariogenic microorganisms leading to dental caries and there is a need to determine the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutic agents against it. The study is aimed to isolate, characterize Candida from the dental plaque of children with dental caries, to study its virulence factors and the antimicrobial activity of coconut oil, probiotics, 0.2% chlorhexidine and ketoconazole on C. albicans. Samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs from children with dental caries and streaked on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Candidal colonies were isolated, species identified, and virulence factors tested, and its susceptibility to 0.2% chlorhexidine, probiotics, coconut oil, and ketoconazole was determined using disc diffusion method. C. albicans was the predominant species isolated, and virulence factors such as phospholipase, hemolysin, germ tube, and hyphal formation were seen. The mean zone of inhibition for chlorhexidine was found to be 21.8 mm, for coconut oil it was 16.8 mm, for probiotics it was 13.5 mm, and for ketoconazole it was 22.3 mm. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Thus chlorhexidine and coconut oil were found to exhibit significant antimicrobial activity which is comparable with ketoconazole.
The Role of PET/CT in the Investigation of Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Kotsiri Ioanna , Panotopoulos Charalampos , Magiorkinis E. 
Published: April 2020

Aims: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. The current diagnostic approach includes a detailed medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and imaging techniques (chest X-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI). 18F-FDG PET/CT (18fluoro-deoxyglucose PET/CT) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique, which is widely used in oncology. The purpose of our narrative review was to summarize the knowledge for the diagnostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnostic approach of patients with FUO, as reported in the literature.
Methodology: We undertook a search of literature published in PubMed until February 2019.
Results: Various studies showed that 18F-FDG PET/CT could play an important role as a second-line explorative technique in the diagnosis of patients with FUO. 18F-FDG PET/CT presents high diagnostic accuracy in large vessel vasculitis, in orthopedic prosthetic infections, in chronic osteomyelitis and in prosthetic valve endocarditis. However, 18 -FDG/PET has some limitations such as the assessment of urine tract due to the excretion into the urine but also become of the high glucose metabolism in some organs such as the brain.
Conclusions: Overall, PET/CT gains increasing interest in the diagnosis of FUO and should be considered by the clinicians in the exploration of those patients.
Recent Progress in Solid Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Ye Tingting , Li Luhe , Zhang Ye 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the rapid advances in safe, flexible, and even stretchable electronic products, it is important to develop matching energy storage devices to more effectively power them. However, the use of conventional liquid electrolytes produces volatilization and leakage that are dangerous and requires strict packaging layers that are typically rigid. To this end, solid electrolytes that can overcome these problems have attracted increasing attention in recent decades. In this review article, three main types of solid electrolytes (i.e., inorganic, polymer, and composite electrolytes) are first described and compared in terms of their structures and properties. The advantages of solid electrolytes to make safe, flexible, stretchable, wearable, and self‐healing energy storage devices, including supercapacitors and batteries, are then discussed. The remaining challenges and possible directions are finally summarized to highlight future development in this field.
Tuning the Rigidity of Silk Fibroin for the Transfer of Highly Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Huang Jun , Wang Liu , Jin Yuming , Lu Peng , Wang Lin‐Lin , Bai Ningning , Li Gang , Zhu Pang , Wang Yan , Zhang Jianming , Wu Zhigang , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe transfer of stretchable electrodes or devices from one substrate to another thin elastomer is challenging as the elastic stamp often yields a huge strain beyond the stretchability limit of the electrodes at the debonded interface. This will not happen if the stamp is rigid. However, a rigid material cannot be used as the substrate for stretchable electrodes. Herein, silk fibroin with tunable rigidity (Young's modulus can be changed from 134 kPa to 1.84 GPa by controlling the relative humidity) is used to transfer highly stretchable metal networks as highly conformable epidermal electrodes. The silk fibroin stamp is tuned to be rigid during peeling, and then be soft and highly stretchable as a substrate when laminated on moisturized human skin. In addition, the epidermal electrodes exhibit no skin irritation or inflammation after attaching for over 10 d. The high compliance results in a lower interface impedance and lower noises of the electrode in measuring electromyographic signals, compared with commercial Ag‐AgCl gel electrodes. The strategy of tuning the rigidity at different stages of transfer is a general method that can be extended to the transfer of other stretchable electrodes and devices for epidermal electronics, human machine interfaces, and soft robotics.