bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps between the digits
Authors: Morrison Romi Ron 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Artificially intelligent systems (ai) are increasingly becoming the ubiquitous, unseen arbiters of our social, civic and familial lives. Ever increasing computational power, combined with almost limitless data, has led to a turning point in the way artificial intelligence assists, judges, and cares for humans. In the wake of such power we must ask ourselves what it is that we are making inherently unknowable as the world becomes more predictable, managed, and discrete. Building on the work of black feminists Sylvia Wynter and Hortense Spillers, I perform a reading of the “flesh”. I aim to hint towards a different field of relations and a knowledge politic premised on unknowability and the radical potential of the subjugated to foster new imaginaries of the human fluid enough to weather instability. This piece troubles the boundaries inscribed between things. Settled in the flesh of blackness, we are reminded of the ways that blackness floods the landscape of productive reason while holding outlier ways of being beyond Western Man. This paper seeks to return to the pulse found within the flesh as a critical site for thinking through alternate ways of being, within the messiness, the unstable, the precarious; finding life born of transition, the pulse within discord.
Changes in society and language
Authors: Schneider Gerold 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study addresses how societal and linguistic changes can be
detected using historical corpora, with the topics of poverty and industrial revolution
as a case study, based on large historical corpora, in particular EEBO, and CLMET3.0.
The results, based on a rich array of state-of-the art statistical approaches (such as
kernel density estimation), show how poverty, industrial revolution, and urbanization
are associated through, for instance, the associations of war, religion, family,
poverty, and suffering. The study also discusses the importance of data size and
cleanness, the temptations of distant reading, and the necessity for validating the
discovered patterns in close reading and distant reading in interaction.
So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern
English
Authors: Iyeiri Yoko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter traces the increase of -ingly adverbs
from Late Middle to Early Modern English. Not only the frequency and versatility but
also the functions of -ingly adverbs expanded in this period: from the
modification of adjectives, adverbs, and verbs (found both in the Middle and Early
Modern English data) to the modification of the whole sentence (found only in the Early
Modern English data). Sentential adverbs of the commenting type (disjuncts) are still
absent throughout the entire period of this study. Finally, this chapter discusses some
-ingly adverbs of the so-called “Harry Potter” type, suggesting that
their development is earlier than assumed in previous studies.
Enzymatic preparation of chitooligosaccharides and their anti-obesity application
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Shangyong , Li Dandan , Wang Shuo , Zhao Wandong , Lv Zhiyuan , Li Xiao , Li Haoyan , Han Yantao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are derived from chitosan, which can be used as nutraceuticals and functional foods. Because of their various biological activities, COS are widely used in the food, medicine, agriculture, and other fields. COS were prepared by chitosanase from Pseudoalteromonas sp. SY39 and their anti-obesity activity was researched in mice in this study. The effects of hydrolysis time, temperature, the ratio of enzyme to chitosan, and pH on the productivity of COS were discussed. Preparation process of COS was established in a 5-L fermenter. COS were characterized and their anti-obesity activity was studied in animal experiments. The results showed that COS could effectively reduce serum lipid levels and obesity in mice, and have a good anti-obesity activity. The preparation technology and remarkable anti-obesity activity of COS further expand their applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
First-principles exploration of defect-pairs in GaN
Authors: Li He , Huang Menglin , Chen Shiyou 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we explored all the 21 defect-pairs in GaN and considered 6 configurations with different defect-defect distances for each defect-pair. 15 defect-pairs with short defect–defect distances are found to be stable during structural relaxation, so they can exist in the GaN lattice once formed during the irradiation of high-energy particles. 9 defect-pairs have formation energies lower than 10 eV in the neutral state. The vacancy-pair VN–VN is found to have very low formation energies, as low as 0 eV in p-type and Ga-rich GaN, and act as efficient donors producing two deep donor levels, which can limit the p-type doping and minority carrier lifetime in GaN. VN–VN has been overlooked in the previous study of defects in GaN. Most of these defect-pairs act as donors and produce a large number of defect levels in the band gap. Their formation energies and concentrations are sensitive to the chemical potentials of Ga and N, so their influences on the electrical and optical properties of Ga-rich and N-rich GaN after irradiation should differ significantly. These results about the defect-pairs provide fundamental data for understanding the radiation damage mechanism in GaN and simulating the defect formation and diffusion behavior under irradiation.
Fabrication of flexible AlGaInP LED
Authors: Liu Qiaoli , Feng Yajie , Tian Huijun , He Xiaoying , Hu Anqi , Guo Xia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Flexible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are highly desired for wearable devices, flexible displays, robotics, biomedicine, etc. Traditionally, the transfer process of an ultrathin wafer of about 10–30 μm to a flexible substrate is utilized. However, the yield is low, and it is not applicable to thick GaN LED chips with a 100 μm sapphire substrate. In this paper, transferable LED chips utilized the mature LED manufacture technique are developed, which possesses the advantage of high yield. The flexible LED array demonstrates good electrical and optical performance.
Analysis of the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers
Authors: Zeng Desheng , Zhong Li , Liu Suping , Ma Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We use traveling wave coupling theory to investigate the time domain characteristics of tapered semiconductor lasers with DBR gratings. We analyze the influence of the length of second order gratings on the power and spectrum of output light, and optimizing the length of gratings, in order to reduce the mode competition effect in the device, and obtain the high power output light wave with good longitudinal mode characteristics.
Combining climate, economic, and social policy builds public support for climate action in the US
Authors: Bergquist Parrish , Mildenberger Matto , Stokes Leah C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Despite the gravity of the climate threat, governments around the world have struggled to pass and implement climate policies. Today, politicians and advocates are championing a new idea: linking climate policy to other economic and social reforms. Will this approach generate greater public support for climate action? Here, we test this coalition-building strategy. Using two conjoint experiments on a representative sample of 2,476 Americans, we evaluate the marginal impact of 40 different climate, social, and economic policies on support for climate reforms. Overall, we find climate policy bundles that include social and economic reforms such as affordable housing, a $15 minimum wage, or a job guarantee increase US public support for climate mitigation. Clean energy standards, regardless of which technologies are included, also make climate policy more popular. Linking climate policy to economic and social issues is particularly effective at expanding climate policy support among people of color.
Pickling behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel hot-rolled strips in mixed solutions of HNO3-HF
Authors: Peng Jianguo , Yang Yong , Li Moucheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The pickling behaviour of 2205 DSS hot-rolled strips after annealing and sand blasting was studied in the mixed solutions of HNO3-HF using weight loss rate, surface analysis, corrosion potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The pickling rate decreased as the concentration of HNO3 increased in the mixed solutions of x HNO3 + 25 g l−1 HF (x = 40 ∼ 200 g l−1) at 50 °C due to passivation. The passivating effect of HNO3 became weak as its concentration was less than 80 g l−1. The pickling rate increased noticeably when the concentration of HF in the mixed solutions of 120 g l−1 HNO3 + y HF (y = 5 ∼ 80 g l−1) at 50 °C was increased. The dissolution of the metal under the oxide scale may have changed from the passive state to the active state as the HF concentration was higher than 25 g l−1. The pickling dissolution accelerated noticeably as the temperature rose from 40 to 60 °C. With the optimised pickling process, 2205 DSS hot-rolled strips can be pickled industrially with good efficiency and surface topography.
Substitutional transition metal doping in MoS2: a first-principles study
Authors: Yoshimura Anthony , Koratkar Nikhil , Meunier Vincent 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Single-layer MoS2 is a direct-gap semiconductor whose band edges character is dominated by the d-orbitals of the Mo atoms. It follows that substitutional doping of the Mo atoms has a significant impact on the material’s electronic properties, namely the size of the band gap and the position of the Fermi level. Here, density functional theory is used along with the G0W0 method to examine the effects of substituting Mo with four different transition metal dopants: Nb, Tc, Ta, and Re. Nb and Ta possess one less valence electron than Mo does and are therefore p-type dopants, while Re and Tc are n-type dopants, having one more valence electron than Mo has. Four types of substitutional structures are considered for each dopant species: isolated atoms, lines, three-atom clusters centered on a S atom (c3s), and three-atom clusters centered on a hole (c3h). The c3h structure is found to be the most stable configuration for all dopant species. However, electronic structure calculations reveal that isolated dopants are preferable for efficient n- or p-type performance. Lastly, it is shown that photoluminescence measurements can provide valuable insight into the atomic structure of the doped material. Understanding these properties of substitutionally-doped MoS2 can allow for its successful implementation into cutting-edge solid state devices.
A C/V2O5 core-sheath nanofibrous cathode with mixed-ion intercalation for aluminium-ion batteries
Authors: Canever Nicolò , Nann Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A new nanofibrous material, consisting of a conductive carbon core and an external layer made of vanadium oxide, has been studied as a cathode for aluminium-ion batteries. The material enables a mixed-ion intercalation mechanism, resulting in the alternating insertion of Al3+ and

AlCl

4

−

in the

V

2

O

5

and carbon layers, respectively. This is a highly desirable feature for cathode materials which may increase the energy density of future batteries by optimising the utilisation of the electrolyte.
Serology Is More Sensitive Than Urea Breath Test or Stool Antigen for the Initial Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Gastritis When Compared With Histopathology
Authors: Bosch Dustin E , Krumm Niklas , Wener Mark H , Yeh Matthew M , Truong Camtu D , Reddi Deepti M , Liu Yongjun , Swanson Paul E , Schmidt Rodney A , Bryan Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the concordance and performance characteristics of Helicobacter pylori laboratory tests compared with histopathology and to propose algorithms for the diagnosis of H pylori that minimize diagnostic error.MethodsH pylori diagnostics were reviewed from a 12-year period within a health system (2,560 cases). Analyses were performed to adjust diagnostic performance based on treatment and consensus histopathologic diagnoses among pathologists. Markers of access to care, including test cancellation frequency and turnaround time, were assessed. Costs and performance of candidate noninvasive testing algorithms were modeled as a function of disease prevalence.ResultsSerum H pylori IgG demonstrated a higher sensitivity (0.94) than urea breath and stool antigen tests (0.64 and 0.61, respectively). Evidence of an advantage in access to care for serology included a lower cancellation rate. Interobserver variability was higher (κ = 0.34) among pathologists for cases with a discordant laboratory test than concordant cases (κ = 0.56). A model testing algorithm utilizing serology for first-time diagnoses minimizes diagnostic error.ConclusionsAlthough H pylori serology has modestly lower specificity than other noninvasive tests, the superior sensitivity and negative predictive value in our population support its use as a noninvasive test to rule out H pylori infection. Reflexive testing with positive serology followed by either stool antigen or urea breath test may optimize diagnostic accuracy in low-prevalence populations.
Comparison of Tissue Molecular Biomarker Testing Turnaround Times and Concordance Between Standard of Care and the Biocartis Idylla Platform in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tsongalis Gregory J , Al Turkmani M Rabie , Suriawinata Michael , Babcock Michael J , Mitchell Kristi , Ding Yi , Scicchitano Lisa , Tira Adrian , Buckingham Lela , Atkinson Sara , Lax Amy , Aisner Dara L , Davies Kurtis D , Wood Holly N , O’Neill Stacey S , Levine Edward A , Sequeira Judy , Harada Shuko , DeFrank Gina , Paluri Ravikumar , Tan Bradford A , Colabella Heather , Snead Christopher , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Ramirez Virginia , Rojas Arnaldo , Huang Huiya , Mackinnon Alexander C , Garcia Fernando U , Cavone Sharon M , Elfahal Mutasim , Abel Gyorgy , Vasef Mohammad A , Judd Andrew , Linder Mark W , Alkhateeb Khaled , Skinner William L , Boccia Ralph , Patel Kashyap 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Management of colorectal cancer warrants mutational analysis of KRAS/NRAS when considering anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapy and BRAF testing for prognostic stratification. In this multicenter study, we compared a fully integrated, cartridge-based system to standard-of-care assays used by participating laboratories.

Methods
Twenty laboratories enrolled 874 colorectal cancer cases between November 2017 and December 2018. Testing was performed on the Idylla automated system (Biocartis) using the KRAS and NRAS-BRAF cartridges (research use only) and results compared with in-house standard-of-care testing methods.

Results
There were sufficient data on 780 cases to measure turnaround time compared with standard assays. In-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) had an average testing turnaround time of 5.6 days, send-out PCR of 22.5 days, in-house Sanger sequencing of 14.7 days, send-out Sanger of 17.8 days, in-house next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 12.5 days, and send-out NGS of 20.0 days. Standard testing had an average turnaround time of 11 days. Idylla average time to results was 4.9 days with a range of 0.4 to 13.5 days.

Conclusions
The described cartridge-based system offers rapid and reliable testing of clinically actionable mutation in colorectal cancer specimens directly from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Its simplicity and ease of use compared with other molecular techniques make it suitable for routine clinical laboratory testing.
Automatic identification of relevant genes from low-dimensional embeddings of single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Angerer Philipp , Fischer David S , Theis Fabian J , Scialdone Antonio , Marr Carsten 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Dimensionality reduction is a key step in the analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data. It produces a low-dimensional embedding for visualization and as a calculation base for downstream analysis. Nonlinear techniques are most suitable to handle the intrinsic complexity of large, heterogeneous single-cell data. However, with no linear relation between gene and embedding coordinate, there is no way to extract the identity of genes driving any cell’s position in the low-dimensional embedding, making it difficult to characterize the underlying biological processes.

Results
In this article, we introduce the concepts of local and global gene relevance to compute an equivalent of principal component analysis loadings for non-linear low-dimensional embeddings. Global gene relevance identifies drivers of the overall embedding, while local gene relevance identifies those of a defined sub-region. We apply our method to single-cell RNA-seq datasets from different experimental protocols and to different low-dimensional embedding techniques. This shows our method’s versatility to identify key genes for a variety of biological processes.

Availability and implementation
To ensure reproducibility and ease of use, our method is released as part of destiny 3.0, a popular R package for building diffusion maps from single-cell transcriptomic data. It is readily available through Bioconductor.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Using Mendelian randomization to understand and develop treatments for neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Storm Catherine S , Kia Demis A , Almramhi Mona , Wood Nicholas W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Common neurodegenerative diseases are thought to arise from a combination of environmental and genetic exposures. Mendelian randomization is a powerful way to leverage existing genetic data to investigate causal relationships between risk factors and disease. In recent years, Mendelian randomization has gathered considerable traction in neurodegenerative disease research, providing valuable insights into the aetiology of these conditions. This review aims to evaluate the impact of Mendelian randomization studies on translational medicine for neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the advances made and challenges faced. We will first describe the fundamental principles and limitations of Mendelian randomization and then discuss the lessons from Mendelian randomization studies of environmental risk factors for neurodegeneration. We will illustrate how Mendelian randomization projects have used novel resources to study molecular pathways of neurodegenerative disease and discuss the emerging role of Mendelian randomization in drug development. Finally, we will conclude with our view of the future of Mendelian randomization in these conditions, underscoring unanswered questions in this field.
The effects of sepsis on endothelium and clinical implications
Authors: Dolmatova Elena V , Wang Keke , Mandavilli Rohan , Griendling Kathy K 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSepsis accounts for nearly 700 000 deaths in Europe annually and is caused by an overwhelming host response to infection resulting in organ failure. The endothelium is an active contributor to sepsis and as such represents a major target for therapy. During sepsis, endothelial cells amplify the immune response and activate the coagulation system. They are both a target and source of inflammation and serve as a link between local and systemic immune responses. In response to cytokines produced by immune cells, the endothelium expresses adhesion molecules and produces vasoactive compounds, inflammatory cytokines, and chemoattractants, thus switching from an anticoagulant to procoagulant state. These responses contribute to local control of infection, but systemic activation can lead to microvascular thrombosis, capillary permeability, hypotension, tissue hypoxia, and ultimately tissue damage. This review focuses on the role of the endothelium in leucocyte adhesion and transmigration as well as production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, microRNAs and cytokines, formation of signalling microparticles, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. We also discuss alterations in endothelial permeability and apoptosis. Finally, we review the diagnostic potential of endothelial markers and endothelial pathways as therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
Fitness consequences of divorce in the azure-winged magpie depends on the breeding experience of a new mate
Authors: Gao Li-Fang , Zhang Hai-Yang , Zhang Wen , Zhang Xiao-Dan , Zhu Zhen-Qin , Du Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSexual conflict in producing and raising offspring is a critical issue in evolutionary ecology research. Individual experience affects their breeding performance, as measured by such traits of provisioning of offspring and engagement in extra-pair copulations, and may cause an imbalance in sexual conflict. Thus, divorce is hypothesized to occur within aged social pairs, irrespective of current reproductive success. This concept was explored in the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus by investigating the divorce of a social pair and its relationship to their changes in breeding performance with prior experience. Females engaging in extra-pair copulation may intensify sexual conflicts and may be the main reason for divorce. Once divorced, females repairing with an inexperienced male realized higher reproductive success than that repairing with an experienced male; males repairing with an experienced female realized higher reproductive success than that repairing with an inexperienced female. This finding indicates that the fitness consequence of divorce depends on the breeding experience of new mates. Divorced females can obtain more extra-pair copulations, whereas divorced males cannot, when they repair with inexperienced breeders. Divorced females provisioned a brood at lower rates than inexperienced females whereas divorced males had no such difference. It appears that divorced females can obtain an advantage in sexual conflicts with inexperienced mates in future reproduction. Consequently, females are probably more active than males in divorcing their aged mates so as to select an inexperienced male as a new mate. Azure-winged magpies thus provide novel insights into the implications of sexual conflict in birds.