bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenge in differentiation of pancreatic cystic neoplasms between intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and mucinous cystic neoplasm: A case report
Authors: Pan Wei‐Chin , Chen Ming‐Jen , Wu Pao‐Shu , Chen Chih‐Jen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncidental pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs) are frequently detected as a result of advances in imaging technologies nowadays. Cystic lesions with higher malignant potential include mucinous neoplasms, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN). There are crucial differences between MCN and IPMN in their biological behavior and clinical prognosis. However, currently available tools are imperfect to differentiate between IPMN and MCN. We reported a case of a 46‐year‐old woman with incidental pancreatic tail cyst of 8 cm size. Computed tomography scan and endoscopic ultrasound with fine‐needle aspiration showed a tumor located at the pancreatic tail. The macrocystic lesion had septa and peripheral calcification, and cystic fluid analysis revealed high level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with low level of amylase. These clinical features are suggestive of MCN in previous experience. Patient underwent laparoscopic distal partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The final pathological result was IPMN. Following the application of updated 2017 consensus guideline and 2018 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guideline will provide more precise preoperative evaluation and postoperative surveillance. We try to explain the discrepancy between the diagnostic modalities, and more cost‐effective, validated biomarkers are required for differentiating PCNs in the future.
A rare case of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma presented with neck mass
Authors: Lee Yu‐Kwang , Wang Chung‐Chieh , Chiu Yu‐Tse , Tseng Tai‐Chung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInfiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poorer prognosis and is more difficult to diagnose compared to other HCC subtypes. The presented case is a man with metastatic infiltrative HCC presented with bilateral neck masses. This 57‐year‐old hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier man had HBV infection under control with no evidence of liver cirrhosis. Initially, there was a slight elevation of alpha fetal protein (AFP). Abdominal CT showed an ill‐defined lesion at liver without triphasic character of HCC and multiple abdominal lymphadenopathies. Yet there was no portal vein thrombosis. Cholangiocarcinoma was first favored. Later on, bilateral neck masses were noted. Cervical mass biopsy showed positive HepPar1 by immunohistochemical (IHC) stain. Metastatic infiltrative HCC was diagnosed, and he started to receive sorafenib. The size of neck lymphadenopathy decreased after 3‐month therapy, but the AFP value remained stationary. Infiltrative HCC is hard to detect. We reported a rare infiltrative HCC case with atypical finding on image study and cervical lymph node metastasis in hope that it would bring a better understanding of the disease.
Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses ofCucurbita moschatareveal divergence of two mitochondrial lineages linked to an elevational gradient
Authors: Hernández‐Rosales Helena S. , Castellanos‐Morales Gabriela , Sánchez‐de la Vega Guillermo , Aguirre‐Planter Erika , Montes‐Hernández Salvador , Lira‐Saade Rafael , Eguiarte Luis E. 
Published: February 2020

PremiseDomestication usually involves local adaptation to environmental conditions.Cucurbitaspecies are a promising model for studying these processes.Cucurbita moschatais the third major crop in the genus because of its economic value and because it displays high landrace diversity, but research about its genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography is limited. We aimed at understanding how geography and elevation shape the distribution of genetic diversity inC. moschatalandraces in Mexico.MethodsWe sampled fruits from 24 localities throughout Mexico. We assessed 11 nuclear microsatellite loci, one mtDNAregion, and three cpDNAregions but found no variation in cpDNA. We explored genetic structure with cluster analysis, and phylogeographic relationships with haplotype network analysis.ResultsMitochondrial genetic diversity was high, and nuclear genetic differentiation among localities was intermediate compared to other domesticatedCucurbita. We found high levels of inbreeding. We recovered two mitochondrial lineages: highland (associated with the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt) and lowland. Nuclear microsatellites show that localities from the Yucatan Peninsula constitute a well‐differentiated group.ConclusionsMexico is an area of high diversity forC. moschata, and these landraces represent important plant genetic resources. In Mexico this species is characterized by divergence processes linked to an elevational gradient, which could be related to adaptation and may be of value for applications in agriculture. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec may be a partial barrier to gene flow. Morphological variation, agricultural management, and cultural differences may be related to this pattern of genetic structure, but further studies are needed.
Management of Cyclosporine‐Influenced Gingival Enlargement With Azithromycin
Authors: Kumar Satish S. , Mohammad Husain , Kar Kian 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionManagement of drug‐influenced gingival enlargement is challenging, and surgery is most often indicated. However, because of a unique mechanism of action, azithromycin helps in the management of gingival enlargement caused by cyclosporine. An incidental observation of the effect of azithromycin in the cyclosporine‐influenced gingival enlargement by physicians in 1995 led to series of basic investigations and clinical trials confirming this observation and providing a non‐surgical treatment modality.Case PresentationIn this report, successful management of cyclosporine‐influenced gingival enlargement in a 39‐year‐old renal transplant patient with the use of azithromycin without any surgical intervention is presented.ConclusionUse of azithromycin for managing cyclosporine‐influenced gingival enlargement is a useful alternative or adjunct to surgical management. It is hoped that this report will raise further awareness of this non‐surgical modality in patients taking cyclosporine.
Porous Si‐Cu3Si‐Cu Microsphere@C Core–Shell Composites with Enhanced Electrochemical Lithium Storage
Authors: Pei Shien , Guo Jianfeng , He Zhishun , Huang Liang‐ai , Lu Tongzhou , Gong Junjie , Shao Haibo , Wang Jianming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLow‐cost Si‐based anode materials with excellent electrochemical lithium storage present attractive prospects for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, porous Si‐Cu3Si‐Cu microsphere@C composites are designed and prepared by means of an etching/electroless deposition and subsequent carbon coating. The composites show a core–shell structure, with a porous Si/Cu microsphere core surrounded by the N‐doped carbon shell. The Cu and Cu3Si nanoparticles are embedded inside porous silicon microspheres, forming the porous Si/Cu microsphere core. The microstructure and lithium storage performance of porous Si‐Cu3Si‐Cu microsphere@C composites can be effectively tuned by changing electroless deposition time. The Si‐Cu3Si‐Cu microsphere@C composite prepared with 12 min electroless deposition delivers a reversible capacity of 627 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 2 A g−1, showing an enhanced lithium storage ability. The superior lithium storage performance of the Si‐Cu3Si‐Cu microsphere@C composite can be ascribed to the improved electronic conductivity, enhanced mechanical stability, and better buffering against the large volume change in the repeated lithiation/delithiation processes.
Enantioseparation processes and mechanisms in functionalized graphene membranes: Facilitated or retarded transport?
Authors: Gu Liangning , Chen Qibin , Li Xiaoxiao , Meng Chenchen , Liu Honglai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUp to date, functionalized graphene–based membranes have exhibited a promising potential in the enantioseparation. However, since precisely controlling the interlayer distance of two‐dimensional materials is a great challenge in practical experiments, the transport mechanism of chiral guests in such membranes, together with various critical parameters that play a controlling role in the transport behaviors of the preferentially binding enantiomer in narrow channels, remains to be explored. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, especially using the steered MD (SMD) method, might be an alternative way to investigate the enantioseparation processes and mechanisms of layered membranes with different interlayer distances. In this work, D‐alanine modified graphene sheets with different interlayer distances were built as membrane models, whereas D‐ and L‐phenylalanine were selected as chiral probes. The effect of the interlayer distance and the applied external force on the enantioseparation performance was examined. Results show that such two parameters exert a significant influence on the enantioseparation performance: (a) Increasing the interlayer distance would result in a conversion from the retarded to the facilitated mechanism at a proper external force (medium); (b) both the large and small driving forces would only lead to the appearance of the retarded transport for the preferential enantiomer, unlike the moderate force; (c) the interaction energy of L‐phenylalanine with D‐isomer selector decreases with the rising interlayer distances studied in this work, regardless of what the external force is. Our findings can provide guidance on the practical applications in the membrane‐based chiral separation.
Reactions of Rare‐Earth Metal Based Lewis Pairs with Azides†
Authors: Dong Yifan , Chang Kejian , Xu Xin 
Published: February 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe reactivity of homoleptic rare‐earth metal aryloxide based Lewis pairs toward organic azide substrates has been investigated herein. Treatment of RE(OAr)3 (RE = La, Sm, Y, and Sc, Ar = 2,6‐tBu2‐C6H3), PEt3 and Me3SiN3 in 2 : 1 : 1 molar ratio resulted in formation of separated ion pair complexes [Me3Si‐PEt3]+[(ArO)3RE‐N=N=N‐RE(OAr)3]– under mild conditions. Replacement of phosphine with the nitrogen‐containing Lewis base 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) produced analogous rare‐earth azide complexes with [Me3Si‐DABCO]+ counterions. In contrast, reaction of the La(OAr)3/PEt3 Lewis pair with 1‐adamantyl azide (AdN3) afforded the typical frustrated Lewis pair‐type 1,1‐addition product. A tetrahydrofuran ring‐opening reaction was also observed for the resulting rare‐earth azide complex with the [Me3Si‐PEt3]+ cation, with cleavage of the C—O bond by Si/P cooperation.
Algal Cultivation for Treating Wastewater in African Developing Countries: A Review
Authors: Nwoba Emeka G. , Vadiveloo Ashiwin , Ogbonna Christiana N. , Ubi Benjamin E. , Ogbonna James C. , Moheimani Navid R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe tremendous increase in human population and rapid decline in freshwater resources have necessitated the development of innovative and sustainable wastewater treatment methods. Africa as a developing continent is currently backing on sustainable solutions to tackle impending water resource crisis brought forward by wastewater‐induced environmental pollution and climate change. Microalgae‐based wastewater treatment systems represent an emerging technology that is capable of meeting the new demand for improved wastewater treatment and climate change mitigation strategies in an environmentally friendly manner. This review critically looks at the opportunities of Africa in harnessing and exploiting the potential of microalgae for the treatment of various wastewaters based on their capacity to recycle nutrients and for concurrent production of valuable biomass and several useful metabolites. Wastewaters, if improperly/completely untreated and discharged, simultaneously pollute freshwater sources and present significant health and environmental risks. Nutrients in wastewater can be utilized and recovered in the form of marketable biomass and products when integrated with the cultivation of microalgae. Several valuable bioproducts can be generated from wastewater‐grown microalgal biomass including biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed, and various bioactive compounds. This biorefinery approach would most certainly improve wastewater treatment process economics, enhancing the technical feasibility of algae‐based wastewater remediation in African countries.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for blood cancers in the era of precision medicine and immunotherapy
Authors: Bair Steven M. , Brandstadter Joshua D. , Ayers Emily C. , Stadtmauer Edward A. 
Published: February 2020

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) has been an integral component in the treatment of many hematologic malignancies. Since the development of HCT nearly 50 years ago, the role of this modality has evolved as newer treatment approaches have been developed and integrated into the standard of care. In the last decade, novel and highly active targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been approved for many hematologic malignancies, raising the question of whether HCT continues to retain its prominent role in the treatment paradigms of various hematologic malignancies. In this review, the authors have described the current role of autologous and allogeneic HCT in the treatment of patients with acute leukemias, aggressive B‐cell lymphomas, and multiple myeloma and discussed how novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies have changed the potential need, timing, and goal of HCT in patients with these diseases.
Development of novel perennial Sorghum bicolor × S. propinquum hybrids
Authors: Foster Tyler L. , Baldi Heather D. , Shen Xiaoqing , Burson Byron L. , Klein Robert R. , Murray Seth C. , Jessup Russell W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSorghum species provide a unique opportunity to develop perennial cropping systems due to their interspecific hybridization compatibility and phenotypic plasticity from annual to perennial life cycle. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a diploid (2n = 2x = 20) annual species that does not produce rhizomes, whereas Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc. is a diploid (2n = 2x = 20) perennial, rhizomatous species native to Asia and is considered a wild relative of S. bicolor. Because of their relatively close taxonomic relationship, S. bicolor × S. propinquum hybrids offer both valuable insights between annuals and perennials, as well as hybridization opportunities for the introgression of perennialism into a major cereal crop. The objective of this study was to characterize a novel S. bicolor × S. propinquum F2 population for height, tillering capacity, days to flowering, and overwintering capacity. Our research identified F2 hybrids exhibiting transgressive segregation for height, whereas hybrids were intermediate between the parental extremes for days to mid‐anthesis and tillering capacity. Fortuitous harsh winter conditions in 2018 applied strong natural selection pressure for overwintering capacity, allowing for the identification of F2 hybrids with greater overwintering capacity than S. propinquum. The present results provide both novel perennial sorghum germplasm resources and insight towards developing effective breeding programs for perennial cereal cropping systems.
Recent Advances of Two‐Dimensional (2 D) MXenes and Phosphorene for High‐Performance Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Li Jingsha , Guo Chunxian , Li Chang Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe design and development of advanced electrode materials for high‐performance rechargeable batteries have been subjected to extensive studies. Very recently, two‐dimensional (2 D) nanomaterials have become promising candidates for batteries, owing to their unique physicochemical properties. In particular, MXenes and phosphorene, which exhibit tailored electrical conductivity and ion storage capability, have attracted increasing attention. This Review presents a comprehensive summary of recent advances in the development of 2 D MXenes and phosphorene as electrode materials for high‐performance batteries. Their physicochemical properties, including structural configurations and electronic properties of MXenes and direct band gap and anisotropic properties of phosphorene, are firstly discussed. Then, synthesis methods of the two materials are introduced. Thereafter, their applications as electrode materials in batteries, including lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, and metal–air batteries, are summarized and discussed in detail. An emphasis is placed on analyzing performance enhancement mechanisms to elucidate fundamental understanding. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for MXenes and phosphorene as electrode materials for batteries are considered.
Mothers' distress exposure and children's withdrawn behavior – A moderating role for the Interferon Gamma gene (IFNG)
Authors: Pinto Raquel , Belsky Jay , Baptista Joana , Carvalho Agostinho , Cunha Cristina , Soares Isabel , Mesquita Ana R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe dysregulation of the inflammatory response, including pro‐inflammatory molecules, produces neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression‐like behavior, including withdrawal from the physical and social environment. Genetic variants that enhance immune reactivity may thus increase inflammatory and withdrawn reactions to stress. Here we investigated a functional polymorphism of Interferon Gamma gene (IFNG +874 T > A, rs2430561) as moderator of the relationship between mothers’ distress exposure and children's withdrawn behavior at preschool age. Participants were 198 Portuguese preschool children (mean age = 57.98 months). Exposure to mother's distress was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory, and withdrawn behavior with the Caregiver Teacher Report Form. All children provided saliva samples for genotyping. Contrary to expecations based on prior work, the rs2430561 AA genotype—not the T variant—interacted with (high levels of) mothers’ distress exposure, to increase children's withdrawn behavior. No significant main effects were detected. The polymorphism in Interferon Gamma gene showed specific environmental stressor‐dependent effects on withdrawn behavior during childhood, ones which are interpreted in light of the "behavioral immune system" hypothesis, and which proved inconsistent with diathesis‐stress thinking.
Temperament in preadolescence is associated with weight and eating pathology in young adulthood
Authors: van Eeden Annelies E. , Hoek Hans W. , van Hoeken Daphne , Deen Mathijs , Oldehinkel Albertine J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveFew longitudinal studies have investigated the role of temperament traits on weight and eating problems thus far. We investigated whether temperament in preadolescence influences body weight and the development of eating pathology in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodThis study used data from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch community cohort study (N = 2,230) from preadolescence into adulthood. At age 11, the temperament dimensions negative affectivity and effortful control were measured with the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire‐Revised. Body mass index (BMI) was measured at all assessment waves. At age 19, the prevalence of eating disorders was investigated by two‐stage screening including interviews by eating disorder experts. At age 22 and 26, the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale was used to assess the level of eating pathology.ResultsHigher negative affectivity in preadolescence was associated with higher BMI and eating pathology in young adulthood. Lower effortful control in preadolescence was found to be a risk factor for the development of obesity in young adulthood. No association was found between effortful control in preadolescence and eating pathology in later life.DiscussionBoth negative affectivity and effortful control play a role in the development of weight or eating problems during adolescence.
Improvement of germinated brown rice quality with autoclaving treatment
Authors: Ren Chuanying , Hong Bin , Zheng Xianzhe , Wang Liqun , Zhang Yinglei , Guan Lijun , Yao Xinmiao , Huang Wengong , Zhou Ye , Lu Shuwen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGerminated brown rice (GBR) is a popular functional food containing considerable amounts of beneficial nutrients and bioactive compounds. Here, autoclaving at 115°C for 20 min was employed to process GBR (AGBR) to evaluate the effect of autoclaving on the nutritional and health function of GBR in microstructure, taste value, aroma, as well as the physiological ingredients. The results showed that autoclaving treatment influenced the starch gelatinization and aroma to improve the taste of cooked AGBR. Autoclaving treatment significantly increased the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and ferulic acid levels of AGBR (p < .05). In addition, consuming AGBR for 1 month significantly decreased the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 0.5, 1, and 2 hr postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients (p < .05). Therefore, autoclaving treatment, as a promising processing strategy, may both improve the sensory attributes and the nutrition of GBR.
The intellectual disability protein Oligophrenin‐1 controls astrocyte morphology and migration
Authors: Pillet Laure‐Elise , Cresto Noémie , Saillour Yoann , Ghézali Grégory , Bemelmans Alexis‐Pierre , Livet Jean , Bienvenu Thierry , Rouach Nathalie , Billuart Pierre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAstrocytes are involved in several aspects of neuronal development and properties which are altered in intellectual disability (ID). Oligophrenin‐1 is a RhoGAP protein implicated in actin cytoskeleton regulation, and whose mutations are associated with X‐linked ID. Oligophrenin‐1 is expressed in neurons, where its functions have been widely reported at the synapse, as well as in glial cells. However, its roles in astrocytes are still largely unexplored. Using in vitro and in vivo models of oligophrenin1 disruption in astrocytes, we found that oligophrenin1 regulates at the molecular level the RhoA/ROCK/MLC2 pathway in astroglial cells. We also showed at the cellular level that oligophrenin1 modulates astrocyte morphology and migration both in vitro and in vivo, and is involved in glial scar formation. Altogether, these data suggest that oligophrenin1 deficiency alters not only neuronal but also astrocytic functions, which might contribute to the development of ID.