bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of polyphagous (Plodia interpunctella) and stenophagous (Ephestia kuehniella) storage moths to residual insecticides: effect of formulation and larval age
Authors: Stejskal Vaclav , Stara Jitka , Pekar Stano , Nesvorna Marta , Hubert Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPyralid moths, Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella, are prevalent stored product pests. The insecticides are the main tool to control these moths in the stores. The data describing the response of these moths to insecticides are scarce. The lethal effect of the organophosphate, pyrethroid, and halogenated‐pyrrole on moths larvae were compared in laboratory test. The hypothesis was that the very polyphagous P. interpunctella would have generally higher insecticide tolerance than that of the stenophagous E. kuehniella. Different insecticide concentrations were applied onto the inner surface of glass tube vials. Ten larvae of 14 or 21 d old of E. kuehniella and 7 or 14 d old of P. interpunctella were used by treatment. The larval mortality was checked after 24 h of exposure. The mortality was significantly influenced by age of larvae and the groups of chemicals. No differences among the efficacies of the tested formulations with identical active compounds were found, except significant different mortality of E. kuehniella on deltamethrin formulations. A comparison of analytical standards showed that P. interpunctella was less susceptible to the active ingredient pirimiphos‐methyl than E. kuehniella, while E. kuehniella was less susceptible to deltamethrin than P. interpunctella. No differences between the two species were observed for chlorfenapyr. We therefore rejected the hypothesis that polyphagy/stenophagy can be a general predictor of insecticide tolerance in the two tested storage moths. The most important finding for effective use was that the young larvae of both species were more susceptible to tested insecticides than older larvae.
Potential of laser‐induced fluorescence‐light detection and ranging for future stand‐off virus surveillance
Authors: Owoicho Oloche , Olwal Charles Ochieng’ , Quaye Osbourne 
Published: November 2020

SummaryViruses remain a significant public health concern worldwide. Recently, humanity has faced deadly viral infections, including Zika, Ebola and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The threat is associated with the ability of the viruses to mutate frequently and adapt to different hosts. Thus, there is the need for robust detection and classification of emerging virus strains to ensure that humanity is prepared in terms of vaccine and drug developments. A point or stand‐off biosensor that can detect and classify viruses from indoor and outdoor environments would be suited for viral surveillance. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a facile and versatile tool that has been explored for stand‐off detection in different environments including atmospheric, oceans and forest sensing. Notably, laser‐induced fluorescence‐light detection and ranging (LIF‐LiDAR) has been used to identify MS2 bacteriophage on artificially contaminated surgical equipment or released amidst other primary biological aerosol particles in laboratory‐like close chamber. It has also been shown to distinguish between different picornaviruses. Currently, the potentials of the LIF‐LiDAR technology for real‐time stand‐off surveillance of pathogenic viruses in indoor and outdoor environments have not been assessed. Considering the increasing applications of LIF‐LiDAR for potential microbial pathogens detection and classification, and the need for more robust tools for viral surveillance at safe distance, we critically evaluate the prospects and challenges of LIF‐LiDAR technology for real‐time stand‐off detection and classification of potentially pathogenic viruses in various environments.
Towards Light‐Weight Portrait Matting via Parameter Sharing
Authors: Dai Yutong , Lu Hao , Shen Chunhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraditional portrait matting methods typically consist of a trimap estimation network and a matting network. Here, we propose a new light‐weight portrait matting approach, termed parameter‐sharing portrait matting (PSPM). Different from conventional portrait matting models where the encoder and decoder networks in two tasks are often separately designed, here a single encoder is employed for the two tasks in PSPM, while each task still has its task‐specific decoder. Thus, the role of the encoder is to extract semantic features and two decoders function as a bridge between low‐resolution feature maps generated by the encoder and high‐resolution feature maps for pixel‐wise classification/regression. In particular, three variants capable of implementing the parameter‐sharing portrait matting network are proposed and investigated, respectively. As demonstrated in our experiments, model capacity and computation costs can be reduced significantly, by up to and , respectively, with PSPM, whereas the matting accuracy only slightly deteriorates. In addition, qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that sharing the encoder is an effective way to achieve portrait matting with limited computational budgets, indicating a promising direction for applications of real‐time portrait matting on mobile devices.
Leisure‐time physical activity interventions for children and adults with cerebral palsy: a scoping review
Authors: Lai Byron , Lee Eunbi , Kim Yumi , Matthews Coke , Swanson‐Kimani Erin , Davis Drew , Vogtle Laura , Rimmer James H 
Published: November 2020

AimTo summarize current evidence on the effects and reach of leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) interventions among children and adults with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodSystematic searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of LTPA interventions in CP. Data from eligible studies were extracted for qualitative synthesis.ResultsForty‐nine studies enrolled a total of 1513 participants (mean [SD] age 13y [7y], range 5–43y; 818 males, 655 females, 40 not reported) and primarily included ambulatory children. RCTs underrepresented adults and people in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V. Forty‐one studies reported at least one favorable benefit from LTPA. Benefits included improvements to musculoskeletal strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, spasticity, participation, and core aspects of physical function. Regarding reach, only 34% of people that were contacted to participate enrolled within a study. A smaller percentage of participants dropped out from intervention (8%) and follow‐up periods (3%).InterpretationStudy findings highlight effective interventions to improve health, fitness, and function. To enhance the reach and generalizability of LTPA trials for CP, future studies should examine how to increase study sample sizes and aim to include a better representation of adults and people in GMFCS levels IV and V.What this paper adds

People with cerebral palsy (CP) may experience improvements in health, fitness, and physical function from leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) interventions.

Effective interventions include exercise training, active video games, recreation activities, behavioral coaching, and motor skills training.

Interventions that incorporate telehealth technology, behavioral coaching, and community resources may enhance LTPA.

Interventions primarily include children in Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III.

Adults, wheelchair users, and those in GMFCS levels IV and V are underrepresented.
Coronoidectomy as a treatment for mandibular immobility caused by fracture of the coronoid process in three horses
Authors: Magri C. , Schramme M. , Nottrott K. , Schweizer‐Gorgas D. , Segard E. , Kelly G. , Schumacher J. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis report describes the history, clinical signs and treatment of three horses suffering from deviation and immobility of the mandible resulting from fracture of a coronoid process of the mandible. Deviation and immobility resulted from impingement of a callus between the temporal bone and zygomatic arch. Fracture of the coronoid process was identified by using radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography or a combination of two or more of these imaging modalities. Osteoarthritis of the ipsilateral temporomandibular joint of two horses was identified. All horses were treated by excising the fractured coronoid process, and two were also treated by excising the diseased ipsilateral mandibular condyle. All horses were able to open their mouth more widely immediately after surgery. One horse experienced moderate post‐operative haemorrhage, and all had severe shear mouth. Shear mouth was ameliorated gradually over many months by rasping dental overgrowths. Mandibular movement of all horses improved, allowing efficient mastication of feed. One horse was able to be used as a showjumper, one horse was sold at Thoroughbred yearling sales and was lost to follow‐up, and one horse died from an unrelated gastrointestinal disease 10 months after mandibular coronoidectomy and condylectomy.
Gastric squamous cell carcinoma in the horse: Seven cases (2009–2019)
Authors: Rocafort Ferrer G. , Nolf M. , Belluco S. , Desjardins I. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis report describes gastric squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) in seven horses. It records the clinical signs, treatment and outcomes. Main clinical signs were mostly nonspecific and included weight loss, anorexia, fever, tachycardia and tachypnoea. Some more suggestive clinical signs were observed such as recurrent choke, halitosis and hypersalivation. Chronic anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were common findings. Gastroscopy identified a gastric mass in four cases (57.1%); however, visualisation of the stomach was precluded in the other three horses due to distal oesophageal neoplastic infiltration and compression. Gastric wall thickening was noticed using abdominal ultrasonography in four horses (57.1%). Neoplastic cells could only be detected in the peritoneal fluid of 2 out of 7 horses. Endoscopic‐guided or transabdominal ultrasound‐guided biopsies allowed an ante‐mortem diagnosis in three horses (42.8%). Gastric masses were identified at post‐mortem examination and metastasis were confirmed in the liver and/or the spleen for 4/4 cases. In the cases for which palliative therapy was attempted, most of the horses were subjected to euthanasia within 4 weeks. In conclusion, GSCC is an uncommon neoplastic disease in horses. A combination of diagnostic tests is often necessary to achieve a diagnosis, which is frequently only made late in the course of the disease. As a result, GSCC is commonly associated with a poor short‐term prognosis.
Operating at the Edge of Il/legality: Systemic Corruption in Mexican Health Care
Authors: Vega Rosalynn A. , Maya Alfredo Paulo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThrough a series of ethnographic vignettes, this article examines how providers contribute to corruption in Mexican health care, how providers are themselves subjected to logics of corruption, and the relationship between patients’ and providers’ vulnerability within contexts of resource scarcity. Doctors, faced with insecure salaries due to nonpayment of wages by the government, collude with hospital staff to sell state drugs on the black market. Meanwhile, vulnerable patients are used as teaching opportunities for private school students—with horrifying, and fatal, effects. Palancas (“favors” granted by colleagues and higher‐ups to individuals with less authority) and exclusive treatment of recomendados (patients given preferential treatment based on the “recommendation” of personnel with greater authority) signal the importance of hierarchical power in determining how corrupt acts are interpreted. What counts as corruption varies from one context to another; therefore, our method seeks to understand how the actors themselves evaluate the “corrupt” social practices in question. Through transnational collaboration (between two coauthors positioned in the United States and Mexico), we aim to contribute to decolonization of anthropology as a discipline by situating Mexico not only as a repository of ethnographic data but also a site for emerging theoretical intervention.
Low profile vascular plug for transarterial occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in small dogs
Authors: Hulsman Alma H. , Breur Johannes M. P. J. , Szatmári Viktor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive transcatheter occlusion using Amplatz canine duct occluder (ACDO) is the treatment of choice for dogs with left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). However, in small dogs the femoral artery diameter is often too small to accommodate the guiding catheter required for ACDO deployment.ObjectiveDescribe the effectiveness of transarterial implantation of Amplatzer Vascular Plug 4 (AVP‐4), the only self‐expandable nitinol mesh occlusion device which can be implanted through a 4 French diagnostic catheter, in small dogs with left‐to‐right shunting PDA.AnimalsSeven client‐owned dogs.MethodsDescriptive case series. Dogs with hemodynamically relevant left‐to‐right shunting PDA and a femoral artery diameter less than 2.0 mm measured preoperatively with ultrasonography were prospectively enrolled.ResultsAngiography after releasing the device showed complete immediate PDA closure in 5 dogs, where the manufacturers' recommendation were strictly followed (30%‐50% device oversizing of the ductal ampulla's diameter). Trivial residual flow on angiography in the 6th dog, whose device was slightly undersized, had resolved on echocardiography within 2 hours after placement. Marked device undersizing in the 7th dog resulted in severe residual shunting, which necessitated the addition of a coil. In this dog, the AVP‐4 embolized into the pulmonary artery within 2 weeks after placement.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTransarterial implantation of AVP‐4 is a safe, effective and technically easy procedure for PDA occlusion in small dogs and offers a valuable alternative to coil implantation. Accurate PDA measurement and device sizing is essential to prevent residual shunting, inadvertent device embolization, and protrusion of the device into the aorta.
The N400 indexes acquisition of novel emotion concepts via conceptual combination
Authors: Hoemann Katie , Hartley Ludger , Watanabe Akira , Solana Leon Estefania , Katsumi Yuta , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Quigley Karen S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ability to learn new emotion concepts is adaptive and socially valuable as it communicates culturally held understandings about values, goals, and experiences. Yet, little work has examined the underlying mechanisms that allow for new emotion concepts and words to be integrated into the conceptual system. One such mechanism may be conceptual combination, or the ability to form novel concepts by dynamically combining previously acquired conceptual knowledge. In this study, we used event‐related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of novel emotion concept acquisition via conceptual combination. Participants were briefly trained on 30 novel emotion combinations, each consisting of two English emotion words (the components; e.g., “sadness + fatigue”) and a pseudoword (the target; e.g., “despip”). Participants then completed a semantic congruency task while ERPs were recorded. On each trial, two components were presented serially, followed by a target; participants judged whether the target was a valid combination of the preceding components. Targets could be correct or incorrect trained pseudowords, or new untrained pseudowords. Furthermore, components could be presented in reversed order (e.g., “fatigue” then “sadness”) or as synonyms (e.g., “exhaustion” for “fatigue”). Consistent with our main hypotheses, we found a main effect of target, such that the correct combinations showed reduced N400 amplitudes when compared to both incorrect and untrained pseudowords. Critically, this effect held regardless of how the preceding components were presented, suggesting deeper semantic learning. These results extend prior findings on conceptual combination and novel word learning, and are congruent with predictive processing accounts of brain function.
Dialysis adequacy reconsidered: The person comes first
Authors: O'Hare Ann M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough many nephrologists see value in maximizing clearance and time on dialysis, clinical trials have failed to show a clear and consistent benefit of increasing clearance above the minimum threshold level recommended in clinical practice guidelines or of increasing dialysis session length or frequency. Available evidence suggests that patients and clinicians do not necessarily agree on what matters most when it comes to dialysis care, and that what patients consider to be an adequate dialysis session is highly individual and has little to do with solute clearance. Qualitative studies suggest that patients value spending less time on dialysis, having the dialysis procedure go smoothly, and being treated like an individual by staff members. Because many patients feel that they have little choice but to show up for their dialysis sessions, failing to involve them in decisions about time spent on the machine can contribute to feelings of powerlessness and loss of control, erode their sense of self, and diminish the quality of therapeutic relationships. On the other hand, a flexible and shared approach to decision‐making about time spent on dialysis (and other aspects of care) can help to strengthen relationships, uphold personhood, and align care with what matters most.
Flexibility in individual funding schemes: How well did Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme support remote learning for students with disability during COVID‐19?
Authors: Yates Sophie , Dickinson Helen , Smith Catherine , Tani Massimiliano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIndividualized funding schemes are designed to offer people with disability greater choice and control over the services they receive. In this research, we report on a survey of over 700 families to explore how Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) supported children and young people and their families to learn remotely during COVID‐19. NDIS funding to support education during the first COVID‐19 lockdown period forms an important case study of the flexibility of individualized funding schemes. Our results suggest that participant experiences varied widely, with some people able to make the changes they required and others left with a significant service gap. This shows that individual funding schemes are not necessarily more flexible than traditional systems in an emergency situation—useful flexibility depends on many factors, such as clarity of information giving, all actors having a shared message, proactive support of flexibility initiatives, and participants' ability to quickly navigate a complicated system. This research also highlights problems with the interface between the NDIS and mainstream services such as education.
Two new RHD alleles with deletions spanning multiple exons
Authors: Matteocci Antonella , Monge‐Ruiz Jorge , Stef Marianne , Apraiz Izaskun , Herrera‐del‐Val Lara , Mancuso Tommaso , Fennell Katie , Lopez Monica , Larizgoitia‐Martin Yolanda , Nespoli Guido , Rubia‐Tejero Montserrat , Collaretti Angela , Pierelli Luca , Ochoa‐Garay Gorka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe most common large‐deletion RHD allele (RHD*01N.01) includes the entire coding sequence, intervening regions and untranslated regions. The rest of large‐deletion RHD alleles reported to‐date consist of single‐exon deletions, such as RHD*01N.67 which includes exon 1.Materials and MethodsSamples from two donors with RhD‐negative serology yielded unclear or inconclusive results when subject to confirmatory testing on RHD genotyping arrays. To determine their RHD genotypes, genomic DNA was analyzed with a combination of allele‐specific PCR, long‐range PCR, Sanger sequencing, and next‐generation sequencing assays.ResultsAllele‐specific PCR failed to detect products for RHD exons 1 to 3 in one sample and RHD exons 1 to 5 in the other. A quantitative next‐generation sequencing assay confirmed deletion of exons 1 to 3 and 1 to 5 respectively, and detected the absence of an RHD gene in trans in both samples. Long‐range PCR and Sanger sequencing enabled identification of the breakpoints for both alleles. Both deletions start within the 5′ Rhesus box (upstream of the identity region for the 1‐to‐3 deletion, downstream of it for the 1‐to‐5 deletion), and end within introns.ConclusionsResolution of unclear or inconclusive results from targeted genotyping arrays often leads to the discovery of new alleles. The 5′ Rhesus box may be a hot spot for genetic recombination events, such as the large deletions described in this report.
Growth hormone receptor knockout to reduce the size of donor pigs for preclinical xenotransplantation studies
Authors: Hinrichs Arne , Riedel Evamaria O. , Klymiuk Nikolai , Blutke Andreas , Kemter Elisabeth , Längin Matthias , Dahlhoff Maik , Keßler Barbara , Kurome Mayuko , Zakhartchenko Valeri , Jemiller Eva‐Maria , Ayares David , Bidlingmaier Martin , Flenkenthaler Florian , Hrabĕ de Angelis Martin , Arnold Georg J. , Reichart Bruno , Fröhlich Thomas , Wolf Eckhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany genetically multi‐modified donor lines for xenotransplantation have a background of domestic pigs with rapid body and organ growth. The intrinsic growth potential of porcine xeno‐organs may impair their long‐term function after orthotopic transplantation in non‐human primate models. Since growth hormone is a major stimulator of postnatal growth, we deleted its receptor (GHR‐KO) to reduce the size of donor pigs in one step.MethodsHeart weight and proteome profile of myocardium were investigated in GHR‐KO and control pigs. GHR‐KO mutations were introduced using CRISPR/Cas9 in an α1,3‐galactosyltransferase (GGTA1)‐deficient background expressing the human cluster of differentiation (hCD46) and human thrombomodulin (hTHBD) to generate quadruple‐modified (4GM) pigs.ResultsAt age 6 months, GHR‐KO pigs had a 61% reduced body weight and a 63% reduced heart weight compared with controls. The mean minimal diameter of cardiomyocytes was 28% reduced. A holistic proteome study of myocardium samples from the two groups did not reveal prominent differences. Two 4GM founder sows had low serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels (24 ± 1 ng/mL) and reached body weights of 70.3 and 73.4 kg at 9 months. Control pigs with IGF1 levels of 228 ± 24 ng/mL reached this weight range three months earlier. The 4GM sows showed normal sexual development and were mated with genetically multi‐modified boars. Offspring revealed the expected Mendelian transmission of the genetic modifications and consistent expression of the transgenes.ConclusionGHR‐KO donor pigs can be used at an age beyond the steepest phase of their growth curve, potentially reducing the problem of xeno‐organ overgrowth in preclinical studies.