bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it necessary to use tobramycin-dexamethasone eye ointment prophylactically in eyes at the end of intraocular surgery?
Authors: Zhang Wei , Han Han , Feng Kang , Wang Xiaohong , Du Mei , Meng Xiangda , Liu Yuanyuan , Huang Bo , Brant Rodrigo , Yan Hua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective There are no data available regarding the complications associated with using antibiotic ointment at the end of intraocular surgery. This study aimed to explore the necessity of using ocular tobramycin-dexamethasone prophylactically at the end of intraocular surgery.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who received intraocular surgery at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. The patients were grouped according to whether they received tobramycin-dexamethasone eye ointment or not after surgery. The Tobramycin dexamethasone eye ointment was sampled to observe bacterial contamination pathogens at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 6, 8, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 168 h after being opened.Results A total of 3811 eyes in 3811 patients (mean age of 63±12 years) were included: 2397 eyes that received prophylactic tobramycin-dexamethasone eye ointment and 1414 eyes that did not. The overall rate of endophthalmitis was 0.08% (3/3811) in our study, all in the eye ointment group (0.12%, 3/2397); no patients developed endophthalmitis in the non-ointment group (P=0.184). The anterior chamber reactions 1 day after surgery were more serious in the eye ointment group compared with the non-ointment group (all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences at 1 month postoperatively (all P>0.05). The contamination rate was 0% at all time points over 7 days.Conclusion Prophylactic tobramycin-dexamethasone eye ointment did not decrease the risk of endophthalmitis after intraocular surgery. Preoperative antibiotics and standardized surgical disinfection procedures probably play important roles in the prevention of endophthalmitis.
Medication Administration Error and Associated Factors among Nurses in Referral Hospitals, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Alebachew Wubet , Tsegaye Dejene , Alem Girma , Tesema Zenaw 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Medication administration error is a failure in the treatment process resulting in potential harm to the patient. Medication errors are the leading causes of mistrust in the healthcare system, inducing corrective therapy and prolonged hospitalization thereby producing extra costs and even death. These errors are most common and can occur through failures in any of the ten rights of medication administration. About 10% of the overall preventable harm to hospitalized patients is attributed to the wrong use of medications. However, there is limited data regarding the magnitude and determinants of medication administration errors both nationally and in the study area in particular. Methods: A multicenter hospital based, cross-sectional study design was employed on a sample of 422 nurses selected by simple random sampling technique. Pre-tested structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used for data collection from March 1-30/2019. The collected data were cleaned, coded and entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and exported to STATA version 14. Binary logistic regression model was considered and those variables with P<0.25 in the bivariable analysis were included in to final model after which statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05 using adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval. The study findings were presented using tables and figures. Multicollinerity was diagnosed using standard error and correlation matrix. Result: From the overall nurses, 239 (57.7%) of them made medication administration error in the last 12 months. Lack of training [AOR=2.20; 95% CI (1.09, 4.46)], unavailability of guideline [AOR=1.65; 95% CI (1.03, 2.79)], poor communication while facing problems [AOR=3.31; 95% CI (2.04, 5.37)], interruption [AOR = 3.37, 95 % CI (2.15, 5.28)] and failure to follow medication administration rights [AOR=1.647; 95% CI (1.00, 2.49)] were significantly associated with medication administration errors. Conclusion and recommendation: Medication administration error was high in Amhara referral hospitals. Therefore, interventions like developing guideline, providing training and developing strategies to minimize distracters should be given much emphasis by different stakeholders to decrease the burden of medication error.
Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.
Authors: Aniley Andualem Wubetie , Taye Biniyam , Girma Biruk 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Emergency Nurses’ turnover is defined as resignation of a licensed nurse from emergency department or hospital due to various factors. Actual Turnover is expected to increase as the intention increases. Turnover from Emergency Department can be nurses’ preference of working in other departments within the same hospital or totally to leave the hospital. Emergency Department nurses are especially vulnerable to turnover because of their increased potential for developing burnout and compassion fatigue in which work environment has a great role.Objective To assess the factors that affect turnover intention among nurses working in emergency departments of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was carried out on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to march 31, 2018, using structured pre tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Result A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had intention to leave the hospital. Significant predictors of nurses’ intention to leave their jobs are educational status (adjusted Odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033, 590.772; p <0.048), monthly income of Less than 3145 ETB (adjusted OR=6.049, 95% CI=1.056,34.641; p <0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040, 0.908; p <0.037).Conclusion and recommendation more than 75% of the respondents has intention to leave the organization. Educational status; monthly income and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses‟ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses decision making for patient care activities and shared decision over work or unit related activities.
Short term and long term survival rate and risk factors of graft rejection after deceased donor kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem , Saatchi Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the current meta-analysis is to determine the short-term and long-term graft and patient survival after deceased donor (DD) transplantation, as well as to determine prognostic factors. Method : Articles published until March 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, reporting short-term and/or long term graft and patient survival were searched. In addition to this, we included articles that analyzed the hazard ratio (HR) of graft rejection and/or patient death caused by DD related risk factors. The summary measures of this study included the survival rate, the HR of graft rejection, and patient death in response to DD related risk factors. This study, which is the first comprehensive meta-analysis of graft and patient survival rates after transplantation from the deceased donor, showed that overall short and long-term survival of graft and patient is desirable. In addition to this, it confirms that ECD and DCD recipients have a lower graft survival rate than standard donors.
High-trans fatty acid and high-sugar diets can cause mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis and potential pathogenesis
Authors: Xin Xin , Cai Bei-yu , Chen Cheng , Tian Hua-jie , Wang Xin , Hu Yi-Yang , Qin Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims To establish a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) within liver fibrosis using a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HFHC) and to analyze potential pathogenesis using a transcriptome microarray. Methods Sixty mice were stratified by weight and randomly divided into HFHC model and control (Con) groups, with 30 mice in each group. Both HFHC and Con mice were euthanized at 0, 20 and 30 weeks. The following analyses were performed: biochemical analysis; histological assessment; Col-I, α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein and mRNA expression levels; and transcriptomic gene chip analysis. Results Compared with the Con group at each time point, the body weight and liver wet weight of the HFHC model group mice were significantly higher. At 30 weeks, ALT, AST, FBG and FINS levels or activities and TG and HYP contents in the HFHC model group were significantly elevated. Severe steatosis was present in the liver tissues from HFHC group mice. Substantial perisinusoidal fibrosis with a cage-like structure and bridging formations were observed in the liver. Col-I, α-SMA and TGF-β1 protein and mRNA expression levels in liver tissues from HFHC mice increased over time. Compared with the Con group, the HFHC group had 151 differentially expressed genes that were involved in 41 signaling pathways. Conclusions After 30 weeks of a HFHC diet, the mice exhibited substantial liver fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, ballooning degeneration and inflammation. The formation of an experimental NASH combined with liver fibrosis mouse model may be related to ECM-receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling and other signaling pathways.
Genome-wide genetic structure and selection signatures for color in 10 traditional Chinese yellow-feathered chicken breeds
Authors: Huang Xunhe , Otecko Newton O. , Peng Minsheng , Weng Zhuoxian , Li Weina , Chen Jiebo , Zhong Ming , Zhong Fusheng , Jin Sihua , Geng Zhaoyu , Luo Wei , He Danlin , Ma Cheng , Han Jianlin , Ommeh Sheila C. , Zhang Yaping , Zhang Xiquan , Du Bingwang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Yellow-feathered chickens (YFCs) have a long history in China. They are well-known for the nutritional and commercial importance attributable to their yellow color phenotype. Currently, there is a huge paucity in knowledge of the genetic determinants responsible for phenotypic and biochemical properties of these iconic chickens. This study aimed to uncover the genetic structure and the molecular underpinnings of the YFCs trademark coloration.Results The whole-genomes of 100 YFCs from 10 major traditional breeds and 10 Huaibei partridge chickens from China were re-sequenced. Comparative population genomics based on autosomal SNPs revealed three geographically based clusters among the YFCs. Compared to other Chinese indigenous chicken genomes incorporated from previous studies, a closer genetic proximity within YFC breeds than between YFC breeds and other chicken populations is evident. Through genome-wide scans for selective sweeps, we identified RALY heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein ( RALY ), leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 ( LGR4 ), solute carrier family 23 member 2 ( SLC23A2 ), and solute carrier family 2 member 14 ( SLC2A14 ), besides the classical beta-carotene dioxygenase 2 ( BCDO2 ), as major candidates pigment determining genes in the YFCs.Conclusion We provide the first comprehensive genomic data of the YFCs. Our analyses show phylogeographical patterns among the YFCs and potential candidate genes giving rise to the yellow color trait of the YFCs. This study lays the foundation for further research on the genome-phenotype cross-talks that define important poultry traits and for formulating genetic breeding and conservation strategies for the YFCs.
Concentrations of 137Cs radiocaesium in the organs and tissues of low-dose-exposed wild Japanese monkeys
Authors: Omi Toshinori , Nakiri Sachie , Nakanishi Setuko , Ishii Naomi , Uno Taiki , Konno Fumiharu , Inagaki Takeshi , Sakamoto Atsushi , Shito Masayuki , Udagawa Chihiro , Tada Naomi , Ochiai Kazuhiko , Kato Takuya , Kawamoto Yoshi , Tsuchida Shuichi , Hayama Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives Following the massive earthquake that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released into the environment from the damaged reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). After the FDNPP accident, radiocaesium was first detected in muscle samples from wild Japanese monkeys exposed to radioactive materials, and haematologic effects, changes in head size, and delayed body weight gain were also reported, but little is known about the distribution of 137Cs in the organs and tissues of wild Japanese monkeys. Results We detected the 137Cs in various organ and tissue samples of 10 wild Japanese monkeys inhabiting the forested areas of Fukushima City that were captured between July and August 2012.Among muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, muscle exhibited the highest and the brain the lowest 137Cs concentration. The concentration (mean±SD) of137Cs in muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen was 77 ± 66, 26 ± 22, 41 ± 35, 49 ± 41, 41 ± 38, 53 ± 41, and 53 ± 51 Bq/kg, respectively. These results can help us understand the biological effects of long-term internal radiation exposure in non-human primates.
The epidemiology of P. falciparum and P. vivax in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, pre- and post-implementation of national malaria control efforts
Authors: Kattenberg Johanna Helena , Gumal Dulcie L. , Ome-Kaius Maria , Kiniboro Benson , Philip Matthew , Jally Shadrach , Kasian Bernadine , Sambale Naomi , Siba Peter M. , Karl Stephan , Barry Alyssa E. , Felger Ingrid , Kazura James , Mueller Ivo , Robinson Leanne J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn the past decade, national malaria control efforts in Papua New Guinea (PNG) have received renewed support, facilitating nationwide distribution of free long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), as well as improvements in access to parasite-confirmed diagnosis and effective artemisinin-combination therapy in 2011-12. MethodsTo study the effects of these intensified control efforts on the epidemiology and transmission of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections and investigate risk factors at the individual and household level, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the East Sepik Province of PNG; one in 2005, before the scale-up of national campaigns and one in late 2012-early 2013, after 2 rounds of LLIN distribution (2008 and 2011-12). Differences between studies were investigated using chi-square (χ²), Fischer’s exact tests and Student’s t-test. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to investigate factors associated with infection at the individual and household level. ResultsThe prevalence of P. falciparum and P. vivax in surveyed communities decreased from 55% (2005) to 9% (2013) and 36% to 6%, respectively. The mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) decreased from 1.8 to 1.6 for P. falciparum (p=0.08) and from 2.2 to 1.4 for P. vivax (p<0.001). Alongside these reductions, a shift towards a more uniform distribution of infections and illness across age groups was observed but there was greater heterogeneity across the study area and within the study villages. Microscopy positive infections and clinical cases in the household were associated with high rate infection households (>50% of household members with Plasmodium infection).ConclusionAfter the scale-up of malaria control interventions in PNG between 2008 and 2012, there was a substantial reduction in P. falciparum and P. vivax infection rates in the studies villages in East Sepik Province. Understanding the extent of local heterogeneity in malaria transmission and the driving factors is critical to identify and implement targeted control strategies to ensure the ongoing success of malaria control in PNG and inform the development of tools required to achieve elimination. In household-based interventions, diagnostics with a sensitivity similar to (expert) microscopy could be used to identify and target high rate households.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards Added Sugar Consumption among Undergraduate Female Students in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mumena Walaa A , Alamri Asma A , Mahrous Alhanouf A , Alharbi Bushra M , Almohaimeed Jumanah S , Hakeem Maysaa I , Kutbi Hebah A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Intake of added sugar among populations in developed countries is linked to the increased prevalence of many non-communicable diseases; however, data regarding added sugar intake in developing countries are still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices towards added sugar intake and the associations with nutrient intake and weight status. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 190 healthy undergraduate female students of Taibah University, Madinah. Demographics, dietary intake, and anthropometrics (height, weight, and waist circumference (WC)) were collected during face-to-face interviews. Results : Even though 55.8% of students (n=106) were aware about the health consequences of excessive intake of added sugar, only 32.6% (n=62) made an effort to reduce their added sugar intake. Nine percent of students (n=16) consumed carbonated soft drinks daily, while 16.1% of students (n=30) consumed fruit drinks daily. Eighty-two percent (n=155) of the sample exceeded the recommendation of added sugar of <5% of total energy intake. Students who exceeded the recommendation of added sugar consumed lower quantities of protein, iron, and vitamin D. Added sugar intake was linked to nutrient intake, but not the weight status. Conclusions : Our findings indicated excessive intake of added sugar among young females. The observed inverse relationship between added sugar and macro- and micronutrient intakes highlight the urgent need for expanded efforts to limit the added sugar and to improve dietary quality of young population in Saudi Arabia.
Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumonia isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Beheshti Maryam , Jabalameli Fereshteh , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi , Hahsemi Farhad Bonakdar , Beigverdi Reza , Emaneini Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes serious infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristic, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive S. pneumonia in Tehran, Iran. Results: Of the 44 pneumococcal invasive isolates, 39 (89%) were isolated from children and 5 (11%) from adults. The results show that all pneumococcal isolates were susceptible to linezolid but had varying resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86%), erythromycin (73%), tetracycline (66%), clindamycin (43%), penicillin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%) and levofloxacin (2%). The range of erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin MICs were 2 - ≥ 256 μg/mL, 4 - ≥ 48 μg/mL, and 0.047 - ≥ 256 respectively. All of the penicillin resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and in addition to penicillin were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The most common capsular types detected in 64% of the pneumococcal isolates was 6A/B, 19A, 15A, 23F. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 10 pneumococcal isolates revealed 9 different sequence types (STs), including ST 15139 (capsular type 19A) and ST 15140 (capsular type 23F), which have not previously been reported.Conclusions: The study revealed that the S. pneumonia isolates belonged to diverse capsular types and clones with high rate of resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin.
Root-associated microbiomes of Gymnadenia conopsea&nbsp;under the combined effect of plant geographical location and developmental stage
Authors: Mei Zhinan , Lin Min , Xiong Hui , Xiang Xuechuan , Zhou Zelin , Liang lifeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. is an important perennial terrestrial photosynthetic orchid species whose microbiomes are thought to play an important role in promoting its growth and health. However, the assemblage of G. conopsea root-associated microbial communities is poorly understood. Results: The compositions of fungal and bacterial communities from the roots and corresponding soil samples of G. conopsea across distinct biogeographical regions from two significantly different altitudes were characterized at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. The geographical location, developmental stage and compartment were factors contributing to microbiome variation in G. conopsea. Predominant fungal taxa include Ascomycota , Basidiomycota , Mortierellomycota and Chytridiomycota , whereas Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Acidobacteria , Actinobacteria , Verrucomicrobia , Chloroflexi , TM7 and Planctomycetes were predominant bacterial taxa. The fungi classes of Leotiomycetes , Agaricomycetes , Eurotiomycetes and Mortierellomycetes, as well as bacterial taxa Actinobacteria were more abundant in G. conopsea from higher altitude location. Moreover, Dark septate endophytes and Arbuscular mycorrhiza may have important role for G. conopsea to adapt to high altitude environment. Conclusions: Using G. conopsea as a model, we report a comprehensive analysis of the structural and functional composition of the G. conopsea root-associated microbiomes. Contrary to previous studies, biogeography was the main factor influencing the microbial community in this study. Although the microbial composition varied greatly by location, the symbiotic microorganisms of G. conopsea still have certain specificity. This study offers a robust knowledge of G. conopsea root-associated microbiomes and lends guidelines to the investigation of adaptation mechanism of G. conopsea in high altitude environment. Our results also laying a foundation for harnessing the microbiome for sustainable G. conopsea production. Moreover, these results might be generally applicable to other Orchidaceae plants.