bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirtuin 1 and endothelial glycocalyx
Authors: Lipphardt Mark , Song Jong Wook , Goligorsky Michael S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSirtuin1 deficiency or reduced activity comprises one of the hallmarks of diseases as diverse as chronic cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic, some malignancies, and infections, as well as aging-associated diseases. In a mouse model of endothelium-limited defect in sirtuin 1 deacetylase activity, we found a dramatic reduction in the volume of endothelial glycocalyx. This was associated with the surge in the levels of one of key scaffolding heparan sulfate proteoglycans of endothelial glycocalyx, syndecan-4, and specifically, its extracellular domain (ectodomain). We found that the defect in endothelial sirtuin 1 deacetylase activity is associated with (a) elevated basal and stimulated levels of superoxide generation (via the FoxO1 over-acetylation mechanism) and (b) increased nuclear translocation of NF-kB (via p65 over-acetylation mechanism). These findings laid the foundation for the proposed novel function of sirtuin 1, namely, the maintenance of endothelial glycocalyx, particularly manifest in conditions associated with sirtuin 1 depletion. In the forthcoming review, we summarize the emerging conceptual framework of the enhanced glycocalyx degradation in the states of defective endothelial sirtuin 1 function, thus explaining a broad footprint of the syndrome of endothelial dysfunction, from impaired flow-induced nitric oxide production, deterrent leukocytes infiltration, increased endothelial permeability, coagulation, and pro-inflammatory changes to development of microvascular rarefaction and progression of an underlying disease.
Mausmodelle für die Erforschung abdomineller Aortenaneurysmen
Authors: Wortmann M. , Meisenbacher K. , Busch A. , Bischoff M. S. , Dihlmann S. , Böckler D. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mausmodelle zur Erforschung der Pathogenese von Aortenerkrankungen sind seit Jahren in der vaskulären Forschung etabliert. Aufgrund der komplexen multifaktoriellen Prozesse der Entstehung von Aortenaneurysmen, die bis heute noch nicht vollständig verstanden sind, wurden verschiedene Mausmodelle entwickelt. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt eine Übersicht der verfügbaren Modelle sowie der Vor- und Nachteile des jeweiligen Modells vor dem Hintergrund spezifischer Fragestellungen dar.

Methodik
Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche zum Thema.

Ergebnisse
Die verfügbaren Mausmodelle lassen sich in drei Kategorien einteilen: genetisch induzierte, chemisch-topisch induzierte und medikamentös-systemisch induzierte Modelle. Die einzelnen Mausmodelle bieten jeweils spezifische Vor- und Nachteile, sodass die Auswahl des Modelles anhand der zugrunde liegenden Fragestellung erfolgen muss. Idealerweise werden mehrere Modelle kombiniert, um auszuschließen, dass den Ergebnissen modellspezifische Effekte zugrunde liegen. Medikamentös-systemisch induzierte Modelle mittels Angiotensin II und chemisch-topisch induzierte Modelle mittels Kalziumchlorid oder Elastase stellen dabei aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität die am häufigsten verwendeten Mausmodelle dar. Sie erlauben die Untersuchung einer Vielzahl verschiedener Einflussfaktoren oder medikamentöser Therapieansätze.

Schlussfolgerung
Mausmodelle liefern grundlegende Erkenntnisse zur bislang noch unzureichend verstandenen komplexen und multifaktoriellen Pathophysiologie der Entstehung und Progression von Aortenaneurysmen. Tiermodellbasierte Forschungsansätze stellen dabei eine ideale Grundlage für translationale Forschungsprojekte dar, welche prospektiv für die Entwicklung konservativer medikamentöser Therapieansätze für Aortenaneurysmen wesentliche Erkenntnisse beitragen können.
Modeling technique in the P-Graph framework for operating units with flexible input ratios
Authors: Éles András , Heckl István , Cabezas Heriberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe P-Graph framework is an efficient tool that deals with the solution of Process Network Synthesis (PNS) problems. The model uses a bipartite graph of material and operating unit nodes, with arcs representing material flow. The framework includes combinatorial algorithms to identify solution structures, and an underlying linear model to be solved by the Accelerated Branch and Bound algorithmic method. An operating unit node in a P-Graph consumes its input materials and produces its products in a fixed ratio of operation volume. This makes it inadequate in modeling such real-world operations where input composition may vary, and may also be subject to specific constraints. Recent works address such cases by directly manipulating the generated mathematical model with linear programming constraints. In this work, a new general method is introduced which allows the modeling of operations with flexible input ratios and linear constraints in general, solely by tools provided by the P-Graph framework itself. This includes representing the operation with ordinary nodes and setting up their properties correctly. We also investigate how our method affects the solution structures for the PNS problem which is crucial for the performance of algorithms in the framework. The method is demonstrated in a case study where sustainable energy generation for a plant is present, and the different types of available biomass introduce a high level of flexibility, while consumption limitations may still apply.
The Catalysing Effect of the Rome Statute in Africa: Positive Complementarity and Self-Referrals
Authors: Hobbs Patricia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe International Criminal Court’s (ICC) policy and practice of self-referrals has attracted some degree of academic criticism. This has been due partly because the procedure itself was, according to some opinions, never quite envisaged in the original Rome Statute, and partly because the concept of a State self-referral appears to contradict the Rome Statute objective of the ICC as a Court of complementarity. Following Gabon’s self-referral in 2016, and in view of the recent termination of the ICC Prosecutor’s Preliminary Examinations in Gabon, this paper argues that African States’ self-referral practice continues to represent a step backwards for African local justice and accountability. The fact that in this particular situation the necessary threshold was not met is actually not relevant for the argument put forward in this paper, namely that this practice should now be put under scrutiny rather than accepting, at face value, a self-referral whenever an (African) State proposes it. The strengthening of local accountability and the transformation of the local justice landscape should be considered as the ICC long-term objectives, and more dialogue (as well as political pressure) should be contemplated in order to gently coerce States to take on investigations and prosecutions of international crimes.
Empathic Accuracy in Female Adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Empathy
Authors: Martin-Key N. A. , Allison G. , Fairchild G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch on empathy in youth with Conduct Disorder (CD) has primarily focused on males, with the few studies that have investigated empathy in females relying on questionnaire measures. Our primary aim was to investigate whether females with CD show empathy deficits when using a more ecologically-valid task. We used an empathic accuracy (EA) paradigm that involved watching videos of actors recalling emotional experiences and providing continuous ratings of emotional intensity (assessing EA), naming the emotion expressed (emotion recognition), and reporting whether they shared the emotion expressed (affective empathy). We compared 23 females with CD and 29 typically-developing (TD) adolescents aged 13–18 years. The CD sample was divided into subgroups with higher (CD/CU+) versus lower (CD/CU−) levels of callous-unemotional traits. Females with CD did not differ from TD females in EA or emotion recognition but exhibited reduced affective empathy responses (ps < 0.01, rs ≥ 0.39). The CD/CU+ and CD/CU− subgroups did not differ on any empathy measure. We also assessed for sex differences in CD-empathy associations by comparing the present data with archive data from males. CD adolescents exhibited impairments in EA relative to their TD counterparts overall (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.06), but there was no sex-by-diagnosis interaction. While females with CD were only impaired in affective empathy, males with CD exhibited emotion recognition and affective empathy deficits. This study demonstrates that females with CD show relatively specific impairments in affective empathy on an ecologically-valid task, whereas males with CD display more global empathic difficulties.
Variations in respiratory rate do not reflect changes in tidal volume or minute ventilation after major abdominal surgery
Authors: van den Bosch O. F. C. , Alvarez-Jimenez R. , Stam M. M. H. , den Boer F. C. , Loer S. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMonitoring of postoperative pulmonary function usually includes respiratory rate and oxygen saturation measurements. We hypothesized that changes in postoperative respiratory rate do not correlate with changes in tidal volume or minute ventilation. In addition, we hypothesized that variability of minute ventilation and tidal volume is larger than variability of respiratory rate. Respiratory rate and changes in tidal volume and in minute ventilation were continuously measured in 27 patients during 24 h following elective abdominal surgery, using an impedance-based non-invasive respiratory volume monitor (ExSpiron, Respiratory Motion, Waltham, MA, US). Coefficients of variation were used as a measure for variability of respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation. Data of 38,149 measurements were analyzed. We found no correlation between respiratory rate and tidal volume or minute ventilation (r2 = 0.02 and 0.01). Mean respiratory rate increased within the first 24 h after abdominal surgery from 13.9 ± 2.5 to 16.2 ± 2.4 breaths/min (p = 0.008), while tidal volume and minute ventilation remained unchanged (p = 0.90 and p = 0.18). Of interest, variability of respiratory rate (0.21 ± 0.06) was significantly smaller than variability of tidal volume (0.37 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) and minute ventilation (0.41 ± 0.12, p < 0.001). Changes in postoperative respiratory rate do not allow conclusions about changes in tidal volume or minute ventilation. We suggest that postoperative alveolar hypoventilation may not be recognized by monitoring respiratory rate alone. Variability of respiratory rate is smaller than variability in tidal volume and minute ventilation, suggesting that adaptations of alveolar ventilation to metabolic needs may be predominately achieved by variations in tidal volume.
Refocusing loyalty programs in the era of big data: a societal lens paradigm
Authors: Stourm Valeria , Neslin Scott A. , Bradlow Eric T. , Breugelmans Els , Chun So Yeon , Gardete Pedro , Kannan P. K. , Kopalle Praveen , Park Young-Hoon , Amariles David Restrepo , Thomadsen Raphael , Liu-Thompkins Yuping , Venkatesan Rajkumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBig data and technological change have enabled loyalty programs to become more prevalent and complex. How these developments influence society has been overlooked, both in academic research and in practice. We argue why this issue is important and propose a framework to refocus loyalty programs in the era of big data through asocietal lens. We focus on three aspects of the societal lens—inequality, privacy, and sustainability. We discuss how loyalty programs in the big data era impact each of these societal factors, and then illustrate how, by adopting this societal lens paradigm, researchers and practitioners can generate insights and ideas that address the challenges and opportunities that arise from the interaction between loyalty programs and society. Our goal is to broaden the perspectives of researchers and managers so they can enhance loyalty programs to address evolving societal needs.
Prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions in outpatients of a general hospital in China: a retrospective investigation
Authors: Ren Weifang , Liu Yujuan , Zhang Jun , Fang Zhonghong , Fang Huan , Gong Yuan , Lv Xiaoqun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground Potential drug–drug interactions are important factors resulting in adverse drug reactions or therapeutic failure. Therefore, potential drug–drug interactions need to be identified to prevent the related risk and improve drug safety. Objective This study was designed to determine the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions and investigate the association of potential drug–drug interactions with characteristics in outpatient prescriptions. Setting A large-scale general university hospital in Jinshan District of Shanghai, China. Method The retrospective study was conducted on data obtained from prescriptions containing two or more drugs, written for outpatients older than 18 years. They were screened for potential drug–drug interactions using Lexi-Interact in UpToDate, Stockley’s Drug Interactions and Medicine Specification in the order of priority. Main outcome measure Drug–drug interactions with C, D, X risk rating and clinical parameters recorded at the prescriptions. Results 16,120 prescriptions were screened for the presence of potential drug–drug interactions and 4882 (30.29%) prescriptions containing 6667 potential drug–drug interactions were identified. Among 6667 potential drug–drug interactions, 90.81% (6054/6667), 8.49% (566/6667), 0.70% (47/6667) potential drug–drug interactions belonged to the risk category of C, D and X, respectively. Male, old age and polypharmacy increased the likelihood of potential drug–drug interactions. The most frequently prescribed drugs responsible for potential drug–drug interactions included pioglitazone, dihydrocodeine, thalidomide, sotalol, amiodarone and amlodipine. The predominant potential adverse outcome of potential drug–drug interactions was the increased central nervous system suppression function with the mechanism of reinforced pharmacological effects. Conclusion This study showed that potentially significant drug–drug interactions in outpatients were prevalent in real-world practice. Considering the risk of potential clinical consequences related to potential drug–drug interactions, it is necessary to implement the computerized surveillance and warning systems with drug–drug interactions databases as well as develop the clinical guidelines regarding the widespread potential drug–drug interactions.
High-volume online haemodiafiltration treatment and outcome of end-stage renal disease patients: more than one mode
Authors: Schiffl Helmut 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reduction of the dismally high mortality of current end-stage renal disease patients maintained on conventional standard haemodialysis (HD) remains an unmet medical need. Online haemodiafiltration (HDF) modes with various sites of fluid substitution (post-, pre-, mixed- and mid-dilution) are increasingly used worldwide as promising alternatives to conventional HD. Large scale cohort studies, post hoc analyses of randomized trials, and individual participant meta-analyses suggest that post-dilution and pre-dilution, especially with high substitution volumes, improve outcomes compared with conventional standard HD. However, there is no definitive proof of a survival advantage of HDF over standard HD. The different modes of high-volume HDF should be considered a therapeutic platform allowing to personalize and tailor routine HDF treatment. The selection of the HDF mode should be made according to individual patient characteristics. Utilizing high retention onset membranes, expanded haemodialysis (HDx) can achieve the same solute removal performance as HDF. Subgroups of high-volume OL-HDF patients could benefit from HDx. Ongoing and future trials should provide definitive proof for the superiority of high-volume OL-HDF over conventional HD or HDx to give guidance for the most favourable mode of dialytic therapy for clinical use.
Cross motor innervation of the hypoglossal nerve—a pilot study of predictors for successful opening of the soft palate
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Edenharter Günther M. , Hofauer Benedikt 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation has proven to be a successful treatment option in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if there is a cross-innervation of the hypoglossal nerve in humans and if patients with this phenotype show a different response to hypoglossal nerve stimulation compared to those with ipsilateral-only innervation

Methods
Nineteen patients who previously received a selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation system (Inspire Medical Systems, Golden Valley, USA) were implanted with a nerve integrity system placing electrodes on both sides of the tongue. Tongue motions were recorded one and two months after surgery from transoral and transnasal views. Polysomnography (PSG) was also performed at two months. Electromyogram (EMG) signals and tongue motions after activation were compared with PSG findings.

Results
Cross-innervation showed significant correlation with bilateral tongue movement and bilateral tongue base opening, which were associated with better PSG outcomes.

Conclusion
Cross motor innervation of the hypoglossal nerve occurs in approximately 50% of humans, which is associated with a positive effect on PSG outcomes. Bilateral stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve may be a solution for non-responding patients with pronounced collapse at the soft palate during drug-induced sleep endoscopy.
Experimental Study on the Phase Equilibrium of Copper Matte and Silica-Saturated FeOx-SiO2-Based Slags in Pyrometallurgical WEEE Processing
Authors: Chen Min , Avarmaa Katri , Klemettinen Lassi , Shi Junjie , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effects of the amphoteric and basic oxides alumina and lime on the phase equilibria of copper matte and silica-saturated slags were investigated at 1300 °C and

$$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$

P

SO
2

= 0.1 atm in a controlled CO-CO2-SO2-Ar gas atmosphere using a high-temperature isothermal equilibration technique followed by rapid quenching. The equilibrium phase compositions were obtained by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis. The relationship between the copper concentration in matte and the oxygen partial pressure, iron, and sulfur in matte was quantified. The pure iron-silicate slag exhibited the highest copper loss in slag, although the addition of alumina and lime decreased its value by approximately a quarter and a half, respectively, at a matte grade of 65 wt pct Cu. In contrast, copper and sulfur were highly distributed in the matte phase, and their deportment to the matte was favored by addition of alumina and lime.
Direct Interbranch Relaxation of Polaritons in a Microcavity with Embedded CdSe/(Cd,Mg)Se Quantum Wells
Authors: Sawicki Krzysztof , Jurczak Magdalena , Pacuski Wojciech , Suffczyński Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn polariton microcavities, the upper polariton branch is often hardly observable in reflectivity or photoluminescence measurements, which hampers reliable determination of the vacuum Rabi splitting value. We studied the photoluminescence excitation of a semiconductor microcavity with eight embedded CdSe/(Cd,Mg)Se quantum wells and observed a maximum in the emission from the lower polariton branch when the energy of the excitation was tuned to that of the upper polariton branch. This indicates that, in microcavities, where the upper polariton branch is hardly observable but interbranch polariton relaxation is efficient, the Rabi splitting value can be determined based on the energy difference between the absorption and emission maxima in photoluminescence excitation measurements. The Rabi splitting value of the studied sample as determined by reflectivity measurements was 18 ± 2 meV. Strong coupling conditions allow us to observe lasing with a relatively low threshold of 0.24 kW cm−2.
Fur Seal Feces-Associated Circular DNA Virus Identified in Pigs in Anhui, China
Authors: Shi Zhibin , Liu Chunguo , Yang Huanliang , Chen Yan , Liu Hua , Wei Lili , Liu Zaisi , Jiang Yongping , He Xijun , Wang Jingfei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFur seal feces-associated circular DNA virus (FSfaCV) is an unclassified circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA virus that has been detected in mammals (fur seals and pigs). The biology and epidemiology of the virus remain largely unknown. To investigate the virus diversity among pigs in Anhui Province, China, we pooled 600 nasal samples in 2017 and detected viruses using viral metagenomic methods. From the assembled contigs, 12 showed notably high nucleotide acid sequence similarities to the genome sequences of FSfaCVs. Based on these sequences, a full-length genome sequence of the virus was then obtained using overlapping PCR and sequencing, and the virus was designated as FSfaCV-CHN (GenBank No. MK462122). This virus shared 91.3% and 90.9% genome-wide nucleotide sequence similarities with the New Zealand fur seal strain FSfaCV-as50 and the Japanese pig strain FSfaCV-JPN1, respectively. It also clustered with the two previously identified FSfaCVs in a unique branch in the phylogenetic tree based on the open reading frame 2 (ORF2), Rep-coding gene, and the genome of the reference CRESS DNA viruses. Further epidemiological investigation using samples collected in 2018 showed that the overall positive rate for the virus was 56.4% (111/197) in Anhui Province. This is the first report of FSfaCVs identified in pigs in China, and further epidemiological studies are warranted to evaluate the influence of the virus on pigs.
May we buy your love? psychological effects of incentives on writing likelihood and valence of online product reviews
Authors: Garnefeld Ina , Helm Sabrina , Grötschel Ann-Kathrin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcknowledging the impact on their sales, companies strive to increase the number of positive online reviews of their products. A recently popular practice for stimulating online reviews is offering monetary rewards to customers in return for writing an online review. However, it is unclear whether such practices succeed in fulfilling two main objectives, namely, increasing the number and the valence of online reviews. With one pilot and two experimental studies, this research shows that offering incentives indeed increases the likelihood of review writing. However, the effect on review valence is mixed, due to contradictory psychological effects: Incentive recipients intend to reciprocate by writing favorable reviews but also perceive a need to resist marketers’ influence, which negatively affects their review valence. Finally, recipients who are less satisfied with the product are particularly prone to psychological costs and decrease the positivity of their online reviews. Consequently, incentives should be applied carefully.
Marginal Continuation odds Ratio Model and Decomposition of Marginal Homogeneity Model for Multi-way Contingency Tables
Authors: Shinoda Satoru , Tahata Kouji , Yamamoto Kouji , Tomizawa Sadao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor square contingency tables with ordered categories, the marginal homogeneity model is represented by various expressions, and some extensions of the marginal homogeneity model were proposed. Herein we consider the marginal continuation-ratio to examine a new expression of the marginal homogeneity model. We also propose an extension of the marginal homogeneity model using the ratio of marginal continuation-ratios; namely, the marginal continuation odds ratio. The proposed model can be interpreted in various ways. Additionally, we propose a generalization of it, and decompose the marginal homogeneity model using the generalized model. Furthermore, we extend the models and decompositions into multi-way contingency tables.