bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Representation in Clinical Trials Associated with FDA Cancer Drug Approvals Differs Between Solid and Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Mendis Shehara , Anand Seerat , Karasinska Joanna M. , Dasari Arvind , Unger Joseph M. , Gothwal Anirudh , Ellis Lee M. , Varadhachary Gauri , Kopetz Scott , Overman Michael J. , Raghav Kanwal , Loree Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Proportionate female representation in health research is necessary for scientific rigor and health equity. We aimed to assess the representation of women in clinical trials leading to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cancer drug approvals.

Materials and Methods
Trials supporting FDA cancer drug approvals between July 2008 and June 2018 were sourced from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. The ratio of female to male trial enrollment was compared with cancer incidence and mortality in the U.S. using International Agency for Research on Cancer data. Reproductive tract and breast cancers were excluded. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing trial enrollment with population incidence and mortality were calculated.

Results
A total of 186 trials leading to 170 FDA cancer drug approvals showed slight female underrepresentation compared with overall cancer incidence in the U.S. (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.98, p &lt; .0001). Female enrollment for drugs approved between 2008–2013 and 2014–2018 was unchanged (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99–1.05, p = .25). There was slight female underrepresentation in hematological trials (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.998; p = .040 for leukemia; OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–0.997; p = .040 for lymphoma) and significant female underrepresentation in colorectal (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.69–0.76; p &lt; .0001), pancreas (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78–0.93; p = .0004), lung (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.75–0.80; p &lt; .0001), kidney (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.60–0.67; p &lt; .0001), and thyroid cancer trials (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.23–0.28; p &lt; .0001) compared with U.S. incidence.

Conclusion
Female underrepresentation has persisted within solid organ tumor trials but is less notable in hematologic trials. Additional work is required to identify drivers of such disparity.

Implications for Practice
Adequate gender representation in clinical trials is a matter of health equity. This study demonstrates that women remain underrepresented in trials across hematological and solid organ trials compared with cancer incidence and mortality in women, with the disparity worse in a number of solid organ tumor types. There are thus still significant improvements to be made regarding adequate representation of women in trials. Studies exploring the reasons for ongoing disparity in gender representation are warranted to help clinicians to rectify this.
Gliomas, germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngioma
Authors: Aridgides Paul , Janssens Geert O. , Braunstein Steve , Campbell Shauna , Poppe Matthew , Murphy Erin , MacDonald Shannon , Ladra Matthew , Alapetite Claire , Haas‐Kogan Daphne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis report summarizes the current multimodality treatment approaches for children with low‐ and high‐grade gliomas, germinoma, and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors, and craniopharyngiomas used in the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP). Treatment recommendations are provided in the context of historical approaches regarding the roles of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Future research strategies for these tumors in both COG and SIOP are also discussed.
Spectroscopic and computational evidence for the concerted mechanism of the Wagner‐Jauregg reaction
Authors: Tartakoff Samuel S. , Enders Abigail A. , Zhang Wenyao , Hill Adam D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Wagner‐Jauregg reaction, despite its potential utility, has remained largely unexplored since its discovery in 1930. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) kinetics data to generate a Hammett plot, the reaction is shown to proceed via a highly asynchronous, concerted mechanism, analogous to the Diels–Alder reaction. Our development of milder, more reliable reaction conditions for the Wagner‐Jauregg reaction will facilitate the synthesis of novel, structurally complex, polycyclic molecules.
Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) reveal the life history of freshwater migratory fishes in the La Plata Basin
Authors: Avigliano Esteban , Pouilly Marc , Bouchez Julien , Domanico Alejandro , Sánchez Sebastian , Llamazares Vegh Sabina , Clavijo Cirsthian , Scarabotti Pablo , Facetti Juan F. , Caffetti Jacqueline D. , del Rosso Franco R. , Pecheyran Christophe , Bérail Sylvain , Volpedo Alejandra V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) were evaluated as a potential method for studying the geographical origin of populations and movements patterns of migratory fish from the La Plata Basin (Paraná, Uruguay and Bermejo Rivers and Río de la Plata Estuary, South America). Surface water samples were collected at 43 sites during austral summer and winter (2018) while, Surubí (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans), Patí (Luciopimelodus pati), dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) and sábalo (Prochilodus lineatus) fishes were collected at seven locations. Water 87Sr/86Sr ratio was analysed by MC‐ICP‐MS (N = 74) and otolith core‐to‐edge 87Sr/86Sr transects (N = 50) were measured by LAfs‐MC‐ICP‐MS. Several water bodies presented significantly different (p < 0.05) water 87Sr/86Sr values. A ~ 1:1 relationship was found between 87Sr/86Sr measured in edge otolith and water. Data provide novel perspectives about migratory behaviour for all species, such as potential cross‐border migrations between countries of more than 1,000 km recorded for L. pati, S. brasiliensis and P. lineatus. These species seem to move between the Paraná and Uruguay rivers, which imply using the delta or the estuary as a corridor between them. Discriminant analysis based on otolith core 87Sr/86Sr suggested that the four species studied originate in sub‐basins different from those that were collected and revelled the presence of several potential spawning/nursery areas. The otolith 87Sr/86Sr profiles also suggested movements between different environments such as reservoirs, large plain rivers, mountain streams, floodplain valleys and estuaries. These results show the potential of 87Sr/86Sr as a tool for tracking the life history of fishes, and depict for the first time a complex use of the La Plata basin by the fishes, providing new information for management plans at the regional level.
Proximity‐dependent labeling methods for proteomic profiling in living cells: An update
Authors: Bosch Justin A. , Chen Chiao‐Lin , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCharacterizing the proteome composition of organelles and subcellular regions of living cells can facilitate the understanding of cellular organization as well as protein interactome networks. Proximity labeling‐based methods coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) offer a high‐throughput approach for systematic analysis of spatially restricted proteomes. Proximity labeling utilizes enzymes that generate reactive radicals to covalently tag neighboring proteins. The tagged endogenous proteins can then be isolated for further analysis by MS. To analyze protein–protein interactions or identify components that localize to discrete subcellular compartments, spatial expression is achieved by fusing the enzyme to specific proteins or signal peptides that target to particular subcellular regions. Although these technologies have only been introduced recently, they have already provided deep insights into a wide range of biological processes. Here, we provide an updated description and comparison of proximity labeling methods, as well as their applications and improvements. As each method has its own unique features, the goal of this review is to describe how different proximity labeling methods can be used to answer different biological questions.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Analysis of Proteins
Cohomological localization of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 gauge theories with matter
Authors: Festuccia Guido , Gorantis Anastasios , Pittelli Antonio , Polydorou Konstantina , Ruggeri Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe construct a large class of gauge theories with extended supersymmetry on four-dimensional manifolds with a Killing vector field and isolated fixed points. We extend previous results limited to super Yang-Mills theory to general$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 gauge theories including hypermultiplets. We present a general framework encompassing equivariant Donaldson-Witten theory and Pestun’s theory onS4as two particular cases. This is achieved by expressing fields in cohomological variables, whose features are dictated by supersymmetry and require a generalized notion of self-duality for two-forms and of chirality for spinors. Finally, we implement localization techniques to compute the exact partition function of the cohomological theories we built up and write the explicit result for manifolds with diverse topologies.
„Man muss aber auch selbst was tun“
Authors: Al-Qadi Marion , Renaud Dagmar , Meyer Martha 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Komplexität des Beschwerdebilds des Fibromyalgiesyndroms (FMS) stellt Betroffene wie auch Behandelnde vor besondere Herausforderungen. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit den Fragen zum Umgang mit dem FMS aus Sicht Betroffener und Behandelnder und deren Einschätzung von Bedürfnissen bzw. Bedarfen in Bezug auf die Versorgung.

Methodik
In einem qualitativen Studiendesign wurden die individuellen Sichtweisen von zehn FMS-Betroffenen und zehn Behandelnden untersucht. Die Personen wurden in einem „purposive sampling“ ausgewählt und in leitfadengestützten, problemzentrierten Interviews befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte zusammenfassend inhaltsanalytisch.

Ergebnisse
Betroffene und Behandelnde stellten eine problematische Verfügbarkeit und Zugänglichkeit von Versorgungsangeboten fest. Zudem fühlten Betroffene sich teilweise nicht ernst genommen von Behandelnden. Diese wiederum erlebten Vorbehalte gegenüber der psychosomatischen Komponente seitens der Betroffenen. Bedeutsam für einen positiven Umgang mit FMS scheint Eigeninitiative der Betroffenen zu sein.

Schlussfolgerung
Selbsthilfegruppen und regional verfügbare Netzwerke stellen wichtige Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten dar, auch im Hinblick auf die psychosomatische Komponente. Durch Förderung interdisziplinärer Vernetzung kann eine verbesserte Koordination der Versorgungsleistungen bewirkt werden. Stärkung der Eigeninitiative Betroffener und Förderung der Arbeit der Selbsthilfegruppen helfen Betroffenen bei der Entwicklung individueller Bewältigungsstrategien.
The Time of Phantasy and the Limits of Individuation
Authors: Lohmar Dieter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHusserl is known to have oriented many aspects of his extensive analyses of phantasy around a contrast to perception: what phantasy and perception have in common, for example, is their intuitiveness; yet, while in perception something is encountered ‘in the flesh,’ in phantasy this experience is modified by its ‘as if in the flesh’ character. However, both in the majority of Husserl’s reflections on phantasy and in much of the secondary literature on the topic, we find few further details concerning the difference between both modes of intuitiveness: ‘in the flesh’ and ‘as if in the flesh.’ In this paper, I draw on sources from Husserl’s later work in order to get clarification on at least one important point of difference, namely the ways in which individuation and identity, that is, constitutions of individual and identical objects, clearly set apart phantasy from perception. As we will see, this requires an understanding of Husserl’s account of objective time, and of the constitution of individual identical objects with their unique positions in objective time. After an introductory discussion of the meaning and the conditions of individuation in the methodical framework of phenomenology, I will lay out the different levels of the constitution of objective time (1+2). In the second part of the paper, I will try to follow and explore one of Husserl’s arguments that contrasts the constitutional performances involved in the constitution of phantasy objects with the individuation of real objects in objective time (3+4). The textual basis for this discussion is to be found in Husserl’s last book, Experience and Judgement. In what follows, I will begin with a short discussion of the concepts of individuality, individuation, uniqueness and identity, and also ask why these issues may be of special interest for a phenomenologist who is investigating the phenomenon of phantasy.
A highly responsive healing agent for the autonomous repair of anti-corrosion coatings on wet surfaces. In operando assessment of the self-healing process
Authors: Koochaki Mohammad Sadegh , Khorasani Saied Nouri , Neisiany Rasoul Esmaeely , Ashrafi Ali , Trasatti Stefano P. , Magni Mirko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A methodology to enrich epoxy coatings of an effective self-healing feature on wet surfaces was developed as a further step on for practical corrosion protection issues. To this aim, a polyetheramine was chemically engineered by grafting catechol units and then successfully encapsulated in microcapsules (MCs) to be finally embedded into an epoxy resin deposited on steel panels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thin-layer chromatography, and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the successful polyetheramine modification by dopamine units. Different dosages of catechol-modified polyetheramine were encapsulated within poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) shell via electrospray method to study the influence of dopamine grafting on the healing performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of the spherical MCs, while FTIR and TGA analyses confirmed the successful encapsulation. The highly responsive self-healing coatings were then prepared by embedding amine- and isocyanate-containing MCs (1:1 weight ratio; 3 wt% overall) as a dual-capsule system exploiting the polyurea formation as a fast healing reaction. In operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were employed to study the underwater self-healing performance. According to the EIS results, monotonically increasing variation with time of the charge transfer resistance was correlated with a fast and effective underwater self-healing performance for the sample using 40 wt% of a catechol-modified healing agent. Such results, combined with others including SEM investigation on the underwater healed samples, point to an improved adhesion of the growing dopamine-bearing polymer to both underlying metal and epoxy edges of the scratch.

Graphic abstract
Droughts and corruption
Authors: Wenzel Daniela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural disasters are challenges for good governance. That conclusion follows from recent research investigating the effects of natural disasters on one important force hostile to good governance: public sector corruption. However, a specific analysis of droughts is so far neglected in the still-young relevant strand of the literature. The present paper fills that gap by analyzing the short- and long-term influence of droughts on public sector corruption within a unified panel estimation approach for 120 countries during the period 1985–2013. Relying on a meteorological drought measure, the Standardized Precipitation Index, we show that more severe drought exposure is followed by more corruption. The effect holds for subsamples of developing and developed countries. The robustness of the results is supported by a variety of stability tests. Furthermore, we provide initial evidence on the transmission paths of drought-induced corruption, which differ depending on the countries’ level of development. Whereas droughts increase corruption risk in developing countries by triggering significantly larger aid inflows and less democratic accountability and transparency, corruption in developed countries rises as a consequence of governmental drought relief payments.
Measuring Sustainable Development Using an Extended Hellwig Method: A Case Study of Education
Authors: Roszkowska Ewa , Filipowicz-Chomko Marzena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBenchmarking the analysis of countries' performance in terms of sustainable development helps to understand the success factors of countries that over perform and to target priority issues of others with lower performance. However, assessing sustainable development comes with methodological challenges, including indicator standardization, aggregation and weighting. Our study significantly contributes to the measure of sustainable development by providing a new approach based on an extended Hellwig method. After describing the main limitations of existing methodologies, this paper's aim is twofold. First, we show that the proposed analytical framework allows for comparing the sustainable performance of EU countries on the national level. The extended Hellwig method takes into consideration EU targets and/or national targets in building patterns of development. Second, this framework is tested as a part of the evaluation of the implementation of the Europe 2020 strategy in the education area. The results obtained using the extended Hellwig method were compared with those obtained by means of the Education Index, TOPSIS and Ward technique. Our analysis showed the significant disparities in the implementation of the Europe 2020 strategy recommendations in the education area in 2015.
A review of pressure transient analysis in reservoirs with natural fractures, vugs and/or caves
Authors: Mohammed Isah , Olayiwola Teslim O. , Alkathim Murtadha , Awotunde Abeeb A. , Alafnan Saad F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA review of the pressure transient analysis of flow in reservoirs having natural fractures, vugs and/or caves is presented to provide an insight into how much knowledge has been acquired about this phenomenon and to highlight the gaps still open for further research. A comparison-based approach is adopted which involved the review of works by several authors and identifying the limiting assumptions, model restrictions and applicability. Pressure transient analysis provides information to aid the identification of important features of reservoirs. It also provides an explanation to complex reservoir pressure-dependent variations which have led to improved understanding and optimization of the reservoir dynamics. Pressure transient analysis techniques, however, have limitations as not all its models find application in naturally fractured and vuggy reservoirs as the flow dynamics differ considerably. Pollard’s model presented in 1953 provided the foundation for existing pressure transient analysis in these types of reservoirs, and since then, several authors have modified this basic model and come up with more accurate models to characterize the dynamic pressure behavior in reservoirs with natural fractures, vugs and/or caves, with most having inherent limitations. This paper summarizes what has been done, what knowledge is considered established and the gaps left to be researched on.
Trans University Students’ Access to Facilities: The Limits of Accommodation
Authors: Laidlaw Leon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper explores results from a survey of fifty-four trans students in two major universities in Ontario that sought to evaluate participants’ access to on-campus facilities. Although both universities have made efforts to accommodate trans students in their use of washrooms, locker rooms, and student housing, the numerous barriers that participants encountered signals stark gaps in access. The results invite a critical reflection of three accommodation models that may be undertaken to address these barriers. By addressing each model’s benefits and limitations, wherein the journey towards trans inclusion may generate a new set of exclusions, this paper complicates the notion of increasing access. This paper concludes by offering recommendations across these three models but concedes that challenges may persist until better facilities are reimagined and redesigned going forward.
Reaction of Juntendo Shizuoka Hospital at Izu Peninsula to Typhoon Hagibis (2019) and an Analysis of Twitter Concerning Izunokuni City
Authors: Jitsuiki Kei , Ohsaka Hiromichi , Shitara Jun , Ishibashi Motohiro , Suzuki Megumi , Nozawa Yoko , Yanagawa Youichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:This research was carried out to report the activity of the headquarters for disaster control at our hospital, and investigate the usefulness of obtaining information from Twitter when Typhoon Hagibis hit Izu Peninsula.Methods:First, we recounted the activity of the headquarters for disaster control. We then collected information from Twitter from October 12-14, 2019, using the keyword Izunokuni.’ We took into consideration the contents of Twitter user posts as well as the number of reactions (‘retweets’ and ‘likes’). Twitter information was classified into photo (+) and (-) groups, depending on whether or not the post had a photo or video included. The number of reactions between the two groups was then analyzed.Results:We counted 122 Twitter posts containing Hagibis-related information for Izunokuni City. The average number of both ‘retweets’ and ‘likes’ in the photo (+) group were significantly greater than those in the photo (-) group. All photos and videos depicted specific places in Izunokuni City and included actual footage of disaster scenes or local warning signs.Conclusion:Based on our experience at the headquarters for disaster control during Typhoon Hagibis, Twitter was considered to be a useful tool for obtaining local disaster information based on its timeliness, reality and specificity.
A survey of infection control strategies for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Department of Veterans’ Affairs facilities
Authors: Ramanathan Swetha , Suda Katie J. , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Guihan Marylou , Goedken Cassie Cunningham , Safdar Nasia , Evans Martin , Jones Makoto , Pfeiffer Christopher D. , Perencevich Eli N. , Rubin Michael , Evans Charlesnika T. ,   the QUERI CARRIAGE Program
Published: September 2020

AbstractA survey of Veterans’ Affairs Medical Centers on control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem-producing CRE (CP-CRE) demonstrated that most facilities use VA guidelines but few screen for CRE/CP-CRE colonization regularly or regularly communicate CRE/CP-CRE status at patient transfer. Most respondents were knowledgeable about CRE guidelines but cited lack of adequate resources.
Universal screening for Clostridioides difficile at an urban academic medical center
Authors: Collison Maggie , Murillo Cynthia , Marrs Rachel , Bartlett Allison , Tesic Vera , Beavis Kathleen G. , Landon Emily , Ridgway Jessica P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe implemented universal inpatient Clostridioides difficile screening at an 800-bed hospital. Over 3 years, 2,010 of 47,048 screening tests (4.2%) were positive, with significantly higher rates of C. difficile colonization on transplant units than medical-surgical units: 5.4% (152 of 2,801) versus 4.3% (880 of 20,564), respectively (P = .005). Compliance with screening ranged from 79% to 96%.