bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biolarvicide of Herba Ethanol Extract of Phyllanthus niruri L on Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larva Vector Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Disease (DHF)
Authors: Moniharapon D D , Ukratalo A M , Hendrajid Z , Ramadhany M R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Until now, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has not found a cure or vaccine, so one of the prevention is to break the chain of transmission of this disease. Phyllanthus niruri L is a wild plant that can live in moist and rocky places. This plant has the ability to cure hepatitis, anti-mosquito, anti-inflammatory, fever, launching urine, expectorant, launching menstruation and increasing appetite. This research aims to determine the biolarvaside and LC50 and LC90 values of the Phyllanthus niruri L herbal extract against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Three hundred instar mosquito larvae III were put into each container containing the treatment determined P0 = without administration of extract, P1 = given abate 1% (Control +), P2 = given Ethanol Extract Herb Phyllanthus niruri 25% concentration, P3 = Given Ethanol Extract Herba Phyllanthus niruri concentration of 50% and P4 = Given Ethanol Extract Herba Phyllanthus niruri concentration of 75%. Each container is filled with 20 larvae. Observation of the larvicidal activity of the ethanol extract of the herb Phyllanthus niruri L was carried out at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. Data from observations of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae mortality were then analyzed using ANOVA. To determine the value of LC50 and LC90 extract of Phyllanthus niruri L, it was analyzed using probit analysis. The results showed that the calculated F value was 281,558 with a F probability of 0,000 (p <0.05), which means that the ethanol extract of the herb Phyllanthus niruri L affected the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. LC50 value of 2.644% with an upper limit of 1.040 and a lower limit of 3.674. While the LC90 value of 5.772% with an upper limit of 4.424 and a lower limit of 12.042.
Generalized Nowicki conjecture
Authors: Drensky Vesselin 
Published: February 2020

Let

B
B

be an integral domain over a field

K
K

of characteristic 0. The derivation

δ
\delta

of

B
[

Y
d

]
=
B
[

y
1

,
…
,

y
d

]

B[Y_d]=B[y_1,\ldots ,y_d]

is elementary if

δ
(
B
)
=
0

\delta (B)=0

and

δ
(

y
i

)
∈
B

\delta (y_i)\in B

,

i
=
1
,
…
,
d

i=1,\ldots ,d

. Then for

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

the elements

u

i
j

=
δ
(

y
i

)

y
j

−
δ
(

y
j

)

y
i

u_{ij}=\delta (y_i)y_j-\delta (y_j)y_i

,

1
≤
i
>
j
≤
d

1\leq i>j\leq d

, belong to the algebra

B
[

Y
d

]

δ

B[Y_d]^{\delta }

of constants of

δ
\delta

, and it is a natural question whether the

B
B

-algebra

B
[

Y
d

]

δ

B[Y_d]^{\delta }

is generated by all

u

i
j

u_{ij}

. In this paper we consider the special case of

B
=
K
[

X
d

]
=
K
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
d

]

B=K[X_d]=K[x_1,\ldots ,x_d]

. If

δ
(

y
i

)
=

x
i

\delta (y_i)=x_i

,

i
=
1
,
…
,
d

i=1,\ldots ,d

, this is the Nowicki conjecture from 1994, which was confirmed in several papers based on different methods. The case

δ
(

y
i

)
=

x
i

n
i

\delta (y_i)=x_i^{n_i}

,

n
i

>
0

n_i>0

,

i
=
1
,
…
,
d

i=1,\ldots ,d

, was handled by Khoury in the first proof of the Nowicki conjecture given by him in 2004. As a consequence of the proof of Kuroda in 2009, if

δ
(

y
i

)
=

f
i

(

x
i

)

\delta (y_i)=f_i(x_i)

, for any nonconstant polynomials

f
i

(

x
i

)

f_i(x_i)

,

i
=
1
,
…
,
d

i=1,\ldots ,d

, then

B
[

Y
d

]

δ

=
K
[

X
d

,

Y
d

]

δ

B[Y_d]^{\delta }=K[X_d,Y_d]^{\delta }

is generated by

X
d

X_d

and

U
d

=
{

u

i
j

=

f
i

(

x
i

)

y
j

−

y
i

f
j

(

x
j

)
∣
1
≤
i
>
j
≤
d
}

U_d=\{u_{ij}=f_i(x_i)y_j-y_if_j(x_j)\mid 1\leq i>j\leq d\}

. In the present paper we have found a presentation of the algebra
\[

K
[

X
d

,

Y
d

]

δ

=
K
[

X
d

,

U
d

∣
R
=
S
=
0
]
,
d
≥
4
,

K[X_d,Y_d]^{\delta }=K[X_d,U_d\mid R=S=0],d\geq 4,

\]

\[

R
=
{
r
(
i
,
j
,
k
,
l
)
∣
1
≤
i
>
j
>
k
>
l
≤
d
}
,
S
=
{
s
(
i
,
j
,
k
)
∣
1
≤
i
>
j
>
k
≤
d
}
,

R=\{r(i,j,k,l)\mid 1\leq i>j>k>l\leq d\}, S=\{s(i,j,k)\mid 1\leq i>j>k\leq d\},

\]
and a basis of

K
[

X
d

,

Y
d

]

δ

K[X_d,Y_d]^{\delta }

as a vector space. As a corollary we have shown that the defining relations

R
∪
S

R\cup S

form the reduced Gröbner basis of the ideal which they generate with respect to a specific admissible order. This is an analogue of the result of Makar-Limanov and the author in their proof of the Nowicki conjecture in 2009. The algebras

K
[

X
d

,

Y
d

]

δ

K[X_d,Y_d]^{\delta }

,

d
>
4

d>4

, are also described.
Effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase serine-1412 phosphorylation on hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian function and leptin response
Authors: Guerra Damian D , Bok Rachael , Cari Evelyn Llerena , Nicholas Cari , Orlicky David J , Johnson Joshua , Hurt K Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hypothalamic neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) potentiates adult female fertility in rodents by stimulating gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which in turn promotes luteinizing hormone (LH) release and ovulation. The mechanism of hypothalamic nNOS activation is not clear but could be via nNOS serine1412 (S1412) phosphorylation, which increases nNOS activity and physiologic NO effects in other organ systems. In female rodents, hypothalamic nNOS S1412 phosphorylation reportedly increases during proestrus or upon acute leptin exposure during diestrus. To determine if nNOS S1412 regulates female reproduction in mice, we compared the reproductive anatomy, estrous cycle duration and phase proportion, and fecundity of wild-type and nNOS serine1412➔alanine (nNOSS1412A) knock-in female mice. We also measured hypothalamic GnRH and serum LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone in diestrus mice after intraperitoneal leptin injection. Organ weights and histology were not different by genotype. Ovarian primordial follicles, antral follicles, and corpora lutea were similar for wild-type and nNOSS1412A mice. Likewise, estrous cycle duration and phase length were not different, and fecundity was unremarkable. There were no differences among genotypes for LH, FSH, estradiol, or progesterone. In contrast to prior studies, our work suggests that nNOS S1412 phosphorylation is dispensable for normal hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian function and regular estrous cycling. These findings have important implications for current models of fertility regulation by nNOS phosphorylation.
Weak Correlation between Nucleotide Variation and Recombination Rate across the House Mouse Genome
Authors: Kartje Michael E , Jing Peicheng , Payseur Bret A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPositive selection and purifying selection reduce levels of variation at linked neutral loci. One consequence of these processes is that the amount of neutral diversity and the meiotic recombination rate are predicted to be positively correlated across the genome—a prediction met in some species but not others. To better document the prevalence of selection at linked sites, we used new and published whole-genome sequences to survey nucleotide variation in population samples of the western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) from Germany, France, and Gough Island, a remote volcanic island in the south Atlantic. Correlations between sequence variation and recombination rates estimated independently from dense linkage maps were consistently very weak (ρ ≤ 0.06), though they exceeded conventional significance thresholds. This pattern persisted in comparisons between genomic regions with the highest and lowest recombination rates, as well as in models incorporating the density of transcribed sites, the density of CpG dinucleotides, and divergence between mouse and rat as covariates. We conclude that natural selection affects linked neutral variation in a restricted manner in the western European house mouse.
Examining the Moderating Role of a Mediterranean Diet in the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Cognitive Function in Older Adults
Authors: D’Amico Danielle , Huang Vivian , Fiocco Alexandra J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesPerceived stress and adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern have been identified as independent predictors of cognitive function in older adulthood; however, no studies to date have examined the interaction between perceived stress and diet adherence on cognitive health. This cross-sectional study investigated the synergistic effect of perceived stress and adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern on cognitive function in 192 nondemented older adults aged 60–95 years.MethodParticipants completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Executive functioning was assessed using the Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B) and episodic memory was assessed using the immediate and delayed free recall subscales from the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II).ResultsModeration analyses revealed that higher perceived stress was associated with worse executive functioning at low levels of Mediterranean diet adherence (B = 1.75, SE = 0.67, p = .009), but not at moderate and high levels of Mediterranean diet adherence (ps &gt; .05). Perceived stress was not associated with episodic memory, irrespective of Mediterranean diet adherence.DiscussionFindings provide preliminary evidence that the association between higher perceived stress and poorer executive function may be dependent on diet intake. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings.
‘O’ofaki: a health promotion and community development concept to bring Pasifika people together
Authors: Ofanoa Malakai , Paynter Janine , Buetow Stephen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Stable, healthy families are the loto or heart of strong Pacific communities. This paper addresses the problem of a decline in the strength of Pacific families. It introduces and discusses the Tongan concept of O’ofaki, as the way in which shared, core relational commitments can bring Pasifika peoples together to support one another for health and community development. This process is based on a reciprocal sharing of social capital to promote cultural solidarity and social justice. We describe two studies by the lead author, through which the concept of O’ofaki emerged. The first study utilized an action research model while the second study focused on two Pasifika-centric research approaches: talanga, which is a Tongan word for interactive talking for a purpose, and the kakala (Tongan garland) research approach. The latter approach is incorporated within a general inductive methodology as well as luva—the dissemination of the results. Finally, the paper focuses on the components of O’ofaki and its application to Pasifika communities.
“De-gendering” the civil status? A public law problem
Authors: Osella Stefano 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article raises the problem of the inclusion of gender in the civil status of the person and argues that public lawyers are now called on to understand whether a genderless civil status is constitutionally permissible and desirable. Admittedly, this is not an easy task. Gender categories are deeply rooted in our legal systems. Arguably, they may prove necessary for the achievement of constitutionally grounded public interests and protect fundamental rights, such as equality between men and women. The task that public lawyers are faced with is further complicated by the affirmation of the right to gender recognition based on self-determination, and the inclusion of nonbinary genders in the law. These developments are indeed profoundly transforming the way in which gender is registered and controlled. Importantly, they put in doubt the effectiveness of gender as a criterion of legal categorization.
Constitutional democracy in the time of elected authoritarians
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, colored as it is by my knowledge and experience of democratic backsliding in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), I reflect upon the rise of autocracies characterized by electoral pedigree and consider some consequences of these developments. I focus in particular upon its relative invisibility, which is due, among other things, to the fact that autocratic changes proceed incrementally, that their truly invidious effects are triggered by mutual interactions between various discrete changes, that institutions are not formally dismantled but hollowed out of their original meanings, and that assaults upon various pillars of democracy do not proceed at the same pace. To conclude, I draw two lessons from the authoritarian turn in CEE: the first concerns the relative insignificance of formal constitutional design, and the second considers the end of the “transition paradigm.”
Types of Articles
Authors: Fontanarosa Phil B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Types of Articles chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style considers the different types and formats of articles that scientific journals may use to present their content: research reports, reviews (systematic and narrative), other substantive articles (nonresearch, nonreview), opinion (viewpoints or commentaries, editorials, personal vignettes and reflections), and correspondence (including research letters). Guidance is directed to authors for use in preparation of articles, as well as to journal editors in providing clear instruction to the journal’s authors.
Grammar
Authors: Christiansen Stacy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Grammar chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style focuses on how to avoid common grammatical and writing errors. Topics include often-encountered dilemmas: who vs whom, that vs which, the number vs a number, a vs an. Guidance on frequent stumbling blocks such as double negatives, subject-verb agreement, false singulars and false plurals, collective nouns, compound subjects, misplaced modifiers, verbal phrase danglers, and parallel construction is illustrated with updated examples. The discussion of verbs considers voice, mood, and tense. Avoidance of idioms, colloquialisms, and slang, as well as euphemisms and clichés, is advised in material intended for an academic audience. A subsection on grammar considerations in social media has been added, as well as inclusion of they as a singular pronoun. A list of additional readings and general references concludes the chapter.
Abbreviations
Authors: Gregoline Brenda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Abbreviations chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style begins by distinguishing between abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms and cautions against overuse of abbreviations. Lists of abbreviations and their expansions are provided for academic degrees and honors; US military services and titles; days of the week, months, eras; local addresses; cities, states, counties, territories, possessions, provinces, countries; names and titles of persons; commercial firms; agencies, organizations, foundations, funding bodies; collaborative groups; names of journals; clinical, technical, and other common terms; units of measure; elements and chemicals; and radioactive isotopes. Several new policies: CI no longer requires expansion.In bylines, academic degrees should be reported; fellowship designations (eg, FRCP, FRCPC) and honorary degrees will no longer be included.
Mathematical Composition
Authors: Fischer Lauren , Frank Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Mathematical Composition chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style addresses conventions used to display mathematical formulas and other expressions involving special symbols, character positions, and relationships, both in print and online. Topics include displayed vs run-in equations, stacked vs unstacked fractions or formulas, exponents, fractional exponents vs radicals, negative exponents, logarithmic expressions, long formulas, expression of multiplication and division, typography and capitalization, punctuation, and spacing with mathematical symbols. A list of commonly used symbols is also included, as well as more examples of complicated “fences” in equations.
A20 VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION REDUCES THE OCCURRENCE OF COLORECTAL POLYPS IN HIGH-LATITUDE LOCATIONS
Authors: Sutherland R L , Ormsbee J , Pader J , Forbes N , Hilsden R J , Brenner D R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
There is suggestive evidence for the role of vitamin D in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, previous studies have observed associations with vitamin D supplementation and lower incidence of CRC. Due to high latitudes in Canada, many Canadians are vitamin D deficient throughout winter

Aims
In this analysis, we aimed to examine the association between either vitamin D supplement use or meeting the reccommended daily intake of vitamin D, and either any colorectal polyp, or a known precursor of CRC: high-risk adenomatous polyps (HRAPs).

Methods
The study population was drawn from the biorepository at the Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre (CCSC) in Calgary. Data were obtained from the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) I or II, the Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire (HLQ), and through post-colonoscopy reports completed by the endoscopist. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between intake of supplemental vitamin D and presence of HRAPs. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, fiber intake, alcohol consumption, and smoking status.

Results
Individuals between the age of 50 and 74 years (n= 1,409) were included. When examining the association between any supplemental vitamin D use and HRAPs, a protective effect was observed with an ORadj of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.33–0.96). Similarly, meeting the recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin D (600 IU) was protective against HRAPs with an ORadj of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62–0.99).

Conclusions
This study suggests that adequate vitamin D supplementation can reduce the risk of HRAPs. These results could be used to inform public health recommendations for vitamin D intake with hopes of reducing the risk of HRAPs.

Funding Agencies
None
A25 THE “UPSIDE-DOWN OR OUTSIDE-IN”: UNDERSTANDING HOW FOXL1+ TELOCYTES GOVERN THE EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL CROSSTALK IMPACTING CELL BEHAVIOR BY USING PROTEOMICS STRATEGIES
Authors: Pomerleau V , Reyes-Nicolas V , Boisvert F , Perreault N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The mechanical information contained in the basement membrane (BM) is translated into intracellular signals via a process called mechanotransduction. The integrin-mediated cellular adhesions are found at the center of this outside-in mechanism connecting specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with intracellular adaptors proteins that relay the signal via F-actin cytoskeleton turnover, Rho GTPase activity and eventually down to the nucleus. Dysregulation in any step of this tightly controlled process is a major contributor of disease development. Mesenchymal Foxl1+-telocytes (TCs) are known as a communication hub between stromal and epithelial cells from their proximity to the BM and from their potential roles in epithelial mechanical support and cell signaling. We have shown that BMPR1A signaling deletion in TCs (TCΔBmpr1a) induces stem cell niche defects, stromagenesis and colonic dysplasia in mouse model of GI diseases. Thus far, no study explored TCs relevance in microenvironment biomechanics and its subsequent impact in epithelial mechanotransduction.

Aims
Understand how TCΔBmpr1a can modulate mechanotransduction to induce early dysplastic changes in mouse colon.

Methods
Matrisomics was performed to determine the inventory of ECM proteins expressed solely in the GI stromal compartment following tissue deconstruction of control and TCΔBmpr1a mice colons. Collagen fibers analysis, histological and biochemical methods were used to further characterize the matrix biodynamics. Proteomics of the associated epithelial compartment was also done to expose mechanosensors and signaling cascades affecting cell behaviour.

Results
Matrisomics indicate modulations in fiber assembly proteins (collagens (CL), Decorin, Biglycan), ECM remodelling enzymes (LOXL1, TGM2), growth factors (LTBP1, WNT2B) and cell adhesion mediators (Periostin). This is associated with a reorganization in CL fiber alignment, cellular delocalization of TGM2 and increased unfolded CL content. TCΔBmpr1a leads to shortcomings in matrix assembly, hence variations in the ECM architecture and a novel epithelial mechanotransduction potential. Deregulations in matrix-to-cell communication were shown by proteomic analysis of the epithelial-enriched compartment of colonic dysplastic areas, with modulations of mechanosensors such as focal adhesion components (integrins, paxillin), F-actin cytoskeleton (gelsolin, RhoA) and nuclear lamina (Prelamin A/C, nesprin).

Conclusions
Taken together, these results suggest that TCΔBmpr1a can reprogram epithelial cells by impacting on matrix biodynamics and epithelial mechanotransduction. Modulation in this fine regulated sequence of communication from TCs to the epithelial nucleus via ECM could lead to the etiology of GI pathologies.

Funding Agencies
CIHR
A34 EOSINOPHILS ALTER STEADY-STATE SMALL INTESTINAL IL-1α AND IL-1β LEVELS BUT ARE NOT REQUIRED FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF IGA-SECRETING LAMINA PROPRIA-RESIDENT PLASMA CELLS, SECRETORY IGA OR SERUM IGA LEVELS
Authors: FitzPatrick R D , Kennedy M H , Lawrence K M , Moeller B , Gauthier C M , Brosschot T P , Reynolds L A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
During homeostasis eosinophils are highly abundant in the lamina propria of the small intestine. Eosinophils have been reported to play a role in promoting barrier function in the steady state intestinal tract, and in the control of intestinal colonization by harmless or symbiotic members of the bacterial microbiota. However, the role eosinophils play during enteric infection with a bacterial pathogen is unknown.

Aims
Our study aims to confirm the previously reported role of eosinophils in supporting intestinal barrier function and to investigate how the absence of eosinophils affects intestinal colonization by an enteric bacterial pathogen.

Methods
We used wildtype BALB/c and eosinophil-deficient (dblGATA knockout) BALB/c mice that had been cohoused, or bred as littermate controls, to normalize bacterial microbiota populations between mice used for experiments. To investigate steady state barrier function in these mice we used naïve mice to quantify levels of small intestinal IL-1α and IL-1β by cytometric bead arrays, and we used ELISAs to measure levels of immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and serum IgA. Levels of lamina propria-resident B220-IgA+ plasma cells were quantified using flow cytometry. To investigate the contributions of eosinophils to enteric bacterial infection, mice were orally infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Salmonella burdens along the intestinal tract as well as in the liver and spleen were quantified.

Results
We found that levels of IL-1α and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the small intestine of naive eosinophil-deficient mice, compared to wildtype mice. In naïve wildtype and eosinophil-deficient littermate control mice, we did not detect any differences in sIgA or serum IgA levels. Additionally, levels of IgA producing plasma cells were similar in the small intestinal lamina propria between wildtype and eosinophil-deficient mice. Following oral Salmonella infection, Salmonella burdens were similar between wildtype and eosinophil-deficient mice both 24 hours and three days post-infection.

Conclusions
Our data supports a role for eosinophils in modifying steady-state cytokine levels in the intestinal tract. For the first time we report data on IgA levels from littermate controls of wildtype and eosinophil-deficient mice, and contrary to previously published reports, we found that eosinophils are not critical for the maintenance of intestinal sIgA, serum IgA or lamina propria resident IgA producing plasma cells. Our data further concluded that an absence of eosinophils did not impact control of Salmonella infection.

Funding Agencies
CIHR