bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial distress among oncology patients in the safety net
Authors: Cimino Theora , Said Kiana , Safier Leslie , Harris Heather , Kinderman Anne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivePsychosocial distress among cancer patients leads to poor health outcomes and lower satisfaction. However, little is known about psychosocial distress among disadvantaged populations. We examined the prevalence, predictors, and follow‐up experience of psychosocial distress among cancer patients within a diverse, urban, and multi‐lingual safety‐net setting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of cancer patients undergoing psychosocial distress screening at initial medical oncology visits from 2014‐2016. The primary outcome was self‐reported moderate to severe psychosocial distress, defined by the NCCN as a Distress Thermometer score ≥ 4. Predictors of distress were assessed using logistic regression. Patients reporting distress were contacted by telephone 1‐12 months later to reassess distress and assess completion of supportive service referrals.ResultsAmong 200 screened patients, 61% had moderate to severe psychosocial distress. African‐American race, psychiatric illness, greater number of emotional problems, and reported problems with housing, money, worry, sleep, memory or homelessness were associated with psychosocial distress. Among 39 patients with moderate to severe psychosocial distress who completed follow‐up (42% of eligible patients), mean distress scores decreased from 6.5 at screening to 4.5 at follow‐up (P < .02). 56% of the supportive service referrals made at the initial visit were not completed.ConclusionsCancer patients in the safety‐net experience more psychosocial distress than other populations, with persistently elevated distress levels and difficulty accessing supportive services. We identified subgroups that may be at higher risk for psychosocial distress. Closer follow‐up and assistance for patients who report high distress levels may be needed.
A characteristic periglacial landform: Automated recognition and delineation of cryoplanation terraces in eastern Beringia
Authors: Queen Clayton W. , Nelson Frederick E. , Gunn Grant E. , Nyland Kelsey E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAutomated recognition and delineation of specific landforms and their constituent elements ranks among the most active areas of contemporary geomorphological research. This study contributes to that literature by applying semi‐ and fully automated recognition procedures to upland periglacial geomorphic landscapes. The Cryoplanation Terrace semi‐Automated Recognition (CTAR) algorithm utilizes basic terrain parameters to identify locations of cryoplanation terraces (CTs) from the high‐resolution ArcticDEM. Using a multistep process, candidate areas are identified based on morphometric characteristics. CTAR uses terrain derivatives to search ridges, hills, and mountains for flat areas bounded by abrupt breaks in slope. Because CTs are found exclusively in upland periglacial environments, some locations require that low‐lying areas be filtered out. To assess accuracy, CTAR was tested at five local study sites distributed across eastern Beringia, each containing multiple CTs delimited manually in a previous study. CTAR performed well, with an overall accuracy of 90%. A strong linear relationship exists between the size of CTAR‐delimited terraces and those identified in a previous study through air‐photo interpretation. In addition to identifying nearly all of the CTs in the five study areas, a fully automated version of the algorithm (GEE‐CTAR), implemented in Google Earth Engine, identified nearly 8,000 previously unmapped potential CTs in the Seward Peninsula region of western Alaska. The ability to identify CTs from digital elevation models provides a useful tool for recognizing and delineating upland periglacial topography. Objective recognition of large erosional landform elements created by periglacial processes is a critical step in developing the field of periglacial geomorphometry.
Postharvest seed coat darkening in pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is regulated by Psd, an allele of the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor P
Authors: Islam Nishat S. , Bett Kirstin E. , Pauls K. Peter , Marsolais Frédéric , Dhaubhadel Sangeeta 
Published: August 2020

Societal Impact StatementPinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the leading market classes of dry beans that is most affected by postharvest seed coat darkening. The process of seed darkening poses a challenge for bean producers and vendors as they encounter significant losses in crop value due to decreased consumer preference for darker beans. Here, we identified a novel allele of the P gene, Psd, responsible for the slow darkening seed coat in pintos, and identified trait‐specific sequence polymorphisms which are utilized for the development of new gene‐specific molecular markers for breeding. These tools can be deployed to help tackle this economically important issue for bean producers.Summary

Postharvest seed coat darkening in pinto bean is an undesirable trait that reduces the market value of the stored crop. Regular darkening (RD) pintos darken faster after harvest and accumulate higher level of proanthocyanidins (PAs) compared to slow darkening (SD) cultivars. Although the markers cosegregating with the SD trait have been known for some time, the SLOW DARKENING (Sd) gene identity had not been proven.

Here, we identified Psd as a candidate for controlling the trait. Genetic complementation, transcript abundance, metabolite analysis, and inheritance study confirmed that Psd is the Sd gene. Psd is another allele of the P (Pigment) gene, whose loss‐of‐function alleles result in a white seed coat.

Psd encodes a bHLH transcription factor with two transcript variants but only one is involved in PA biosynthesis. An additional glutamate residue in the activation domain, and/or an arginine to histidine substitution in the bHLH domain of the Psd‐1 transcript in the SD cultivar is likely responsible for the reduced activity of this allele compared to the allele in a RD cultivar, leading to reduced PA accumulation.

Overall, we demonstrate that a novel allele of P, Psd, is responsible for the SD phenotype, and describe the development of new, gene‐specific, markers that could be utilized in breeding to resolve an economically important issue for bean producers.
Effects of horse riding simulator on sitting motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Chinniah Hemachithra , Natarajan Meena , Ramanathan Ramanathan , Ambrose John William Felix 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHorse riding simulator (HRS) is an electronic horse, working under the principles of hippotherapy. It is one of the advanced therapeutic methods to improve postural control and balance in sitting, which could be recommended in the rehabilitation of cerebral palsy if real horses are unavailable.ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of HRS on sitting motor function in children with spastic diplegia and evaluate the changes in sitting motor function at different periods of time (4, 8 and 12 weeks).MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled trial conducted over a period of 12 weeks. Thirty children with spastic diplegia age between 2 and 4 years with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level I–III were included and divided into two groups. The control group received the conventional physiotherapy while the experimental group received HRS along with conventional physiotherapy. Sitting motor function was assessed by Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)‐88 (sitting dimension B) at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Pre‐ and post‐intervention scores were measured and analysed.ResultsThe baseline characteristics were similar in both groups before the intervention withp> .01. The observed mean value of GMFM in both groups improved over a period of 12 weeks. The results denote that the sitting motor function gradually improved over a period of time in both groups and the experimental group showed significant improvement (p< .01) than the control group in all the weeks.ConclusionThe study results confirmed that gradual improvement in sitting motor function was observed in both groups. Children exposed to HRS show better improvement than the children in the control group. It was concluded that HRS is effective in improving the sitting motor function in children with spastic diplegia and the continuous provision of HRS in longer duration provide more benefits than the shorter duration.
The metabolic effects of mirabegron are mediated primarily by β3‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Dehvari Nodi , Sato Masaaki , Bokhari Muhammad Hamza , Kalinovich Anastasia , Ham Seungmin , Gao Jie , Nguyen Huong T. M. , Whiting Lynda , Mukaida Saori , Merlin Jon , Chia Ling Yeong , Wootten Denise , Summers Roger J. , Evans Bronwyn A. , Bengtsson Tore , Hutchinson Dana S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe β3‐adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron is approved for use for overactive bladder and has been purported to be useful in the treatment of obesity‐related metabolic diseases in humans, including those involving disturbances of glucose homeostasis. We investigated the effect of mirabegron on glucose homeostasis with in vitro and in vivo models, focusing on its selectivity at β‐adrenoceptors, ability to cause browning of white adipocytes, and the role of UCP1 in glucose homeostasis. In mouse brown, white, and brite adipocytes, mirabegron‐mediated effects were examined on cyclic AMP, UCP1 mRNA, [3H]‐2‐deoxyglucose uptake, cellular glycolysis, and O2 consumption. Mirabegron increased cyclic AMP levels, UCP1 mRNA content, glucose uptake, and cellular glycolysis in brown adipocytes, and these effects were either absent or reduced in white adipocytes. In brite adipocytes, mirabegron increased cyclic AMP levels and UCP1 mRNA content resulting in increased UCP1‐mediated oxygen consumption, glucose uptake, and cellular glycolysis. The metabolic effects of mirabegron in both brown and brite adipocytes were primarily due to actions at β3‐adrenoceptors as they were largely absent in adipocytes derived from β3‐adrenoceptor knockout mice. In vivo, mirabegron increased whole body oxygen consumption, glucose uptake into brown and inguinal white adipose tissue, and improved glucose tolerance, all effects that required the presence of the β3‐adrenoceptor. Furthermore, in UCP1 knockout mice, the effects of mirabegron on glucose tolerance were attenuated. Thus, mirabegron had effects on cellular metabolism in adipocytes that improved glucose handling in vivo, and were primarily due to actions at the β3‐adrenoceptor.
Expression and functional analysis of cytochrome P450 genes in the integument of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker)
Authors: Huang Yong , Yin Hongqin , Zhu Zeng , Jiang Xingchuan , Li Xiuxia , Dong Yongcheng , Sheng Chengwang , Liao Min , Cao Haiqun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMythimna separata is a devastating agricultural pest that has recently developed insecticide resistance. Integument‐specific cytochrome P450s were reported to participate in cuticle formation and could be potential targets for pesticide synthesis.RESULTSThe transcriptome of integuments of M. separata larvae was constructed, generating a total of 38 058 unigenes with an average length of 1243 bp. These unigenes are enriched in functional categories such as lipid transport and metabolism, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism. Amongst unigenes, cytochrome P450s were identified and 66 unique P450s with complete open reading frames were named. These P450s were divided into 17 families and 32 subfamilies, containing conserved motifs such as helix C, helix I, helix K, and the heme‐binding region. RNA‐Seq and RT‐qPCR analyses showed different expression levels of P450s in integuments of M. separata larvae. Further RT‐qPCR analysis of P450s among different tissues showed that five P450s, especially CYP4G199, were specifically highly expressed in integuments. Moreover, knockdown of CYP4G199 disturbed cuticle formation, leading to imperfection in larval cuticle, and prevented pupation of M. separata.CONCLUSIONTranscriptome of larval integuments provided sequence and expression of genes in M. separata. CYP4G199 is specifically highly expressed in larval integuments and is important for cuticle formation in M. separata.
An application of the mixed‐effects model and pattern mixture model to treatment groups with differential missingness suspected not‐missing‐at‐random
Authors: Gosho Masahiko , Maruo Kazushi 
Published: August 2020

SummaryLikelihood‐based, mixed‐effects models for repeated measures (MMRMs) are occasionally used in primary analyses for group comparisons of incomplete continuous longitudinal data. Although MMRM analysis is generally valid under missing‐at‐random assumptions, it is invalid under not‐missing‐at‐random (NMAR) assumptions. We consider the possibility of bias of estimated treatment effect using standard MMRM analysis in a motivational case, and propose simple and easily implementable pattern mixture models within the framework of mixed‐effects modeling, to handle the NMAR data with differential missingness between treatment groups. The proposed models are a new form of pattern mixture model that employ a categorical time variable when modeling the outcome and a continuous time variable when modeling the missingness‐data patterns. The models can directly provide an overall estimate of the treatment effect of interest using the average of the distribution of the missingness indicator and a categorical time variable in the same manner as MMRM analysis. Our simulation results indicate that the bias of the treatment effect for MMRM analysis was considerably larger than that for the pattern mixture model analysis under NMAR assumptions. In the case study, it would be dangerous to interpret only the results of the MMRM analysis, and the proposed pattern mixture model would be useful as a sensitivity analysis for treatment effect evaluation.
A data‐driven maintenance policy for railway wheelset based on survival analysis and Markov decision process
Authors: de Almeida Costa Mariana , de Azevedo Peixoto Braga Joaquim Pedro , Ramos Andrade António 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWheelsets absorb a significant part of the maintenance budget of any train operating company. Although wheel wear has been an extensively discussed topic in the literature, wear rates are very rarely characterized by using degradation data in a real‐world case study aimed at identifying optimal maintenance policies including both degradation and recovery modeling. Furthermore, wheel defects, which impose an additional challenge to the modeling of the lifecycle of the wheels, are usually considered separately in the literature. In this study, conducted at a Portuguese train operating company, 17 years of inspection data are used to estimate wheel wear rates and survival curves, which are further incorporated into a Markov decision process (MDP) model. A bidimensional framework considering discrete intervals of wheel diameter along with a quantitative variable (kilometers since last turning/renewal) is used to represent the possible wheel states, while the probability of a defect interfering with the wheel maintenance schedule is modeled by contemplating survival curves derived from a Cox proportional‐hazards model. Optimal results in terms of minimal cost policy are discussed in the context of the MDP, but a more realistic and easy‐to‐implement policy fixing one of the parameters is compared with the optimal policy. Results showed that in practice train operating companies might benefit from using the easy‐to‐implement policy, which has an associated long‐run average cost only about 1% higher than the one suggested by the optimal decision map.
An extended CREAM model based on analytic network process under the type‐2 fuzzy environment for human reliability analysis in the high‐speed train operation
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Liu Xinwang , Qin Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman error is one of the largest contributing factors to unsafe operation and accidents in high‐speed train operation. As a well‐known second‐generation human reliability analysis (HRA) technique, the cognitive reliability and error analysis method (CREAM) has been introduced to address HRA problems in various fields. Nevertheless, current CREAM models are insufficient to deal with the HRA problem that need to consider the interdependencies between the Common Performance Conditions (CPCs) and determine the weights of these CPCs, simultaneously. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop a hybrid HRA model by integrating CREAM, the interval type‐2 fuzzy sets, and analytic network process (ANP) to overcome this drawback. Firstly, the interval type‐2 fuzzy sets are utilized to express the highly uncertain information of CPCs. Secondly, the ANP is incorporated into the CREAM to depict the interdependencies between the CPCs and determine their weights. Furthermore, human error probability (HEP) can be calculated based on the obtained weights. Finally, an illustrative example of the HRA problem in high‐speed train operation is proposed to demonstrate the application and validity of the proposed HRA model. The results indicate that experts prefer to express their preferences by fuzzy sets rather than crisp values, and the interdependences between the CPCs can be better depicted in the proposed model.
Theoretic quantum information entropies for the generalized hyperbolic potential
Authors: Ikot Akpan N. , Rampho Gaotsiwe Joel , Amadi Precious O. , Okorie Uduakobong S. , Sithole Makagamathe J. , Lekala Mantile L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Shannon entropy (S) and the Fisher Information (I) entropies are investigated for a generalized hyperbolic potential in position and momentum spaces. First, the Schrodinger equation is solved exactly using the Nikiforov‐Uvarov‐Functional Analysis method to obtain the energy spectra and the corresponding wave function. By Fourier transforming the position space wave function, the corresponding momentum wave function was obtained for the low‐lying states corresponding to the ground and first excited states. The positions and momentum of Shannon entropy and Fisher Information entropies were calculated numerically. Finally, the Bialynicki‐Birula and Mycielski and the Stam‐Cramer‐Rao inequalities for the Shannon entropy and Fisher Information entropies, respectively, were tested and were found to be satisfied for all cases considered.
Characterization of Quantum States Based on Creation Complexity
Authors: Hu Zixuan , Kais Sabre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe creation complexity of a quantum state is the minimum number of elementary gates required to create it from a basic initial state. The creation complexity of quantum states is closely related to the complexity of quantum circuits, which is crucial in developing efficient quantum algorithms that can outperform classical algorithms. A major question unanswered so far is what quantum states can be created with a number of elementary gates that scales polynomially with the number of qubits. In this work, it is first shown that for an entirely general quantum state it is exponentially hard (requires a number of steps that scales exponentially with the number of qubits) to determine if the creation complexity is polynomial. Then, it is shown that it is possible for a large class of quantum states with polynomial creation complexity to have common coefficient features such that, given any candidate quantum state, an efficient coefficient sampling procedure can be designed to determine if the state belongs to the class or not with arbitrarily high success probability. Consequently, partial knowledge of a quantum state's creation complexity is obtained, which can be useful for designing quantum circuits and algorithms involving such a state.
Ab initio quantum chemical studies of isotopic fractionation during acid digestion reaction of dolomite for clumped isotope application
Authors: Pramanik Chirantan , Ghosh Prosenjit , Banerjee Sanchita , Liang Mao‐Chang 
Published: August 2020

RationaleIn ‘clumped isotope paleothermometry’ carbonates are reacted with anhydrous phosphoric acid to extract CO2 that carries the isotopic signature of the reacting carbonates, and the amount of clumping in the product CO2 is measured. Previous theoretical models for determining clumped isotopic fractionation in product CO2 during acid digestion of carbonates are independent of the cations present in the carbonate lattice. Hence further study is required to understand the cationic effect.MethodsWe studied the acid reaction mechanism based on the protonation of carbonates, calculated the acid fractionation factor for dolomite using the partition functions and vibrational frequencies obtained for the transition state structure, and determined the effect of cations on the acid fractionation factor. Experimentally, carbonates are reacted using the modified sealed vessel method and analyzed in the dual inlet of a ThermoFinnigan MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer.ResultsThe oretically obtained acid fractionation factor can be expressed as Δ47 acid fractionation in dolomite = −0.28563 + 0.49508 * (105/T2) − 0.08231 * (105/T2)2 for a temperature range between 278.15 and 383.15 K. The theoretical slope of the dolomite–acid digestion curve is lower than that of the calcite–acid digestion curve obtained using the identical reaction mechanism. Our theoretical slope is consistent with the result from the common acid bath experiments but higher than the slope obtained in our experimental study using the modified sealed vessel method and in a previous theoretical study using the H2CO3 model.ConclusionsThe transition state structure, obtained in our study, includes the cations present in the carbonate minerals and provides distinct acid fractionation factors for calcite and dolomite. The observed gentler slope of the theoretically calculated dolomite–acid digestion curve than of the calcite curve is expected considering the stronger Mg–O bond. Our experimental approach invokes post‐digestion isotopic exchange and agrees with the previous theoretical estimates where post‐digestion isotopic fractionation was considered.
Endobronchial hamartoma coexisting with lung cancer
Authors: Miyoshi Seigo , Sugimoto Eiji , Kawakami Mayu , Taguchi Yoshihiro , Hamaguchi Naohiko , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: August 2020

Key messageClinicians should be careful when examining a case with endobronchial hamartoma with concurrent malignant disease because radiographic imaging and symptoms cannot clearly differentiate between both diseases.