Burnout signals are alarming worldwide: the active role of leadership
Authors: Omar Amr S , Shouman Yasser , Sudarsanan Suraj 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The burnout phenomenon first came to clinical science 50 years ago. It is exponentially rising worldwide which prompted its discoverers to develop the most popular tool for its assessment, known as the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI). Common symptoms of burnout include depression, irritability, and insomnia. It is known to hit professional areas where higher levels of stress are common. Intensive care unit (ICU) practitioners are particularly vulnerable to this condition. Bienvenu reported that up to 45% of ICU staff experienced burnout at a certain time in their career. The contributing factors include: age, gender, work schedule, involvement in decisions of withdrawing life support, policy of visiting hours, work quality, and care of dying patients. It is described as a growing crisis and is currently gaining a lot of interest aimed at addressing the issue and its consequences. We hypothesize that positive leadership with empowerment of staff may have an impact on burnout. Our objectives are to explore the prevalence of burnout in this area, to find the contributing factors, and determine the impact of the role of empowerment and leadership on burnout. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study using a combined methodological quantitative and qualitative approach involving a convenience sample of 200 healthcare practitioners within surgical and medical ICUs of Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar. We used two main instruments to develop an online questionnaire:

– The MBI-human service survey (MBI-HSS) which is a standardized instrument to measure burnout. It utilizes 9 items related to emotional exhaustion and it is most frequently used in healthcare research. A score of 27 and more signals a high burnout level.

– The Leadership scale, which assesses staff discernment of managers’ leadership attitude. It is based on a 7-point Likert scale 11-item questionnaire that considers resolving conflicts with others, autonomy in decision-making, and staff involvement in development.

Results: Although none of the results are statistically significant, the findings () show a high prevalence of burnout (25.5%) among ICU healthcare practitioners, where respiratory therapists are equally subjected as nurses and physicians. Younger staff were more subject to experiencing burnout. The mean leadership score of the study participants was 54.68 out of a maximum score of 77 (). However, positive leadership and staff empowerment had a negative effect on burnout variance (12.4% and 3.8%, respectively) (). Interestingly, we noted that certain nationalities were probably more prone to burnout although it did not reach statistical significance and may also be linked to their profession or level of responsibility ().

Conclusions: Everyone is at risk of burnout in the ICU setting. Implementing the empowerment hypothesis among the ICUs in Qatar could enhance the managerial preferences in the hospitals dealing with a wide spectrum of healthcare practitioners.
Empowerment is symbolized by energizing the practitioners and as the awareness of burnout is increasing, proper interventions should be directed at adequate orientation, early recognition, and dealing with the predisposing factors to prevent future occurrences. The findings of this study could widen the scope of practitioners who could be involved through education in diagnosing and managing burnout.