bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Before and After Pregnancy: Pooled Analysis of the Control Arms of Efficacy Trials of HPV-16/18 AS04-Adjuvanted Vaccine
Authors: Chen Jing , Gopala Kusuma , Puthatta Akarsh , Struyf Frank , Rosillon Dominique 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
Data on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence around pregnancy were inconsistent. We assessed HPV prevalence before and after pregnancy, HPV incidence after pregnancy, and risk factors for HPV infection.

Method
Data from 15 754 women in control arms of 5 AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine efficacy trials were analyzed, including 3001 women with at least 1 pregnancy. Results of HPV deoxyribonucleic acid testing on cervical samples were available. We analyzed risk factors, including age, region, pregnancy and its outcomes, duration from pregnancy resolution to collection of first postresolution cervical sample, previous HPV infection, cigarette smoking, and number of sexual partners with Cox regression.

Results
Prevalence of high-risk oncogenic (hr)-HPV types was similar before and after pregnancy (20.8% vs 19.8%). Incidence of hr-HPV was 40.1 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.4–64.2) at 0–3 months, 266.7 (95% CI, 217.4–323.7) at 3–6 months, and 95.7 (95% CI, 83.9–108.7) at &gt;6 months after pregnancy. Risk factors associated with HPV infection after pregnancy are previous HPV infection, elective abortion, and younger age at pregnancy resolution.

Conclusions
Pregnancy could not be confirmed as a risk factor for HPV infection in this population despite an increased incidence detected 3–6 months after pregnancy resolution. Most women remained HPV negative after pregnancy.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT001226810 (HPV-008 trial), NCT00294047 (HPV-015 trial), NCT00316693 and NCT00929526 (HPV-032/063 trials), and NCT00779766 (HPV-039 trial).
In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates, Including Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Patterson Jan E , McElmeel Leticia , Wiederhold Nathan P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
There is increasing demand for compounds to treat antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and essential oils have gained interest. Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated antimicrobial activity of these nonpharmaceutical products. We investigated the activity of essential oils against multiresistant bacteria and other clinical isolates to evaluate the potential of their use topically and/or internally for treatment of bacterial infections.

Methods
We studied the in vitro activity of 10 essential oils and 1 essential oil blend against clinical isolates including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Results
Essential oils of oregano, thyme, cinnamon bark, and lemongrass had the largest zones of inhibition against Gram-positive organisms, whereas cinnamon bark had the largest zone of inhibition against P aeruginosa. Oregano, thyme, and cinnamon bark had the largest zones of inhibition against Enterobacteriaceae.

Conclusions
Essential oils have promising in vitro activity that warrants further study of their activity and use in the clinical setting.
The role of biochemical markers of joint tissue remodelling to predict progression and treatment efficacy in inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Garnero Patrick , Landewé Robert , Chapurlat Roland D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Structural damage is a hallmark in RA, spondyloarthropy (SpA) and psoriatric arthritis (PsA). Its progression is difficult to predict and current radiological or inflammatory biological markers lack sensitivity. Biochemical markers of bone, cartilage and synovial tissues provide a dynamic indication of the anabolism and catabolism of joint tissues and can be easily measured by immunoassays. Novel biochemical markers including post-translational modifications of matrix proteins and enzyme-generated neoepitopes with increased tissue and/or biological pathway specificity have been developed. Their evaluation in clinical trials of novel biologic therapies and epidemiological studies indicated that their measurements could be useful to predict progression of structural damage and treatment efficacy, independently of current clinical, radiological and biological indices of disease activity. In this paper we briefly describe the latest developments in biochemical markers and critically analyse the clinical data assessing the utility of established and novel biochemical markers in RA, SpA and PsA.
Uncertain Sexualities and the Unusual Woman: Depictions of Jane Addams and Emily Dickinson
Authors: Bartram Robin , Brown-Saracino Japonica , Donovan Holly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow does contemporary society deal with uncertainty about sexualities in the past? We investigate how two museums manage uncertainty about the sexual histories of two female biographical subjects. Contributing to understandings of how cultural institutions handle such uncertainty, and, in particular, how museums depict gender and sexualities, our paper brings together current debates in literatures on queer histories, collective memory, and sexualities and gender. Our observations at the Jane Addams Hull House Museum and the Emily Dickinson Museum reveal that both museums handle uncertainty about their subject’s sexuality by conflating ambiguous sexuality with non-normative gender performance. This conflation results in the depiction of the character of the “unusual woman.” While one museum relies on the “unusual woman” to evade discussions of non-normativity, the other uses the same device to acknowledge and politicize uncertainty. Our research thus reveals institutional depictions of the “unusual woman” even in an era in which many cultural institutions work to frame sexual minorities as “normal” or the “same.” At the same time, our work intervenes in gender and sexualities scholarship by demonstrating that unusualness can be either obfuscatory or provocative; conflations of gender and sexuality are multifaceted and can either reproduce or disrupt normativity.
Transcriptional memory inherited from donor cells is a developmental defect of bovine cloned embryos
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Zhang Jingcheng , Zhang Min , Wang Debao , Ma Yi , Wang Yong , Wang Yizhi , Huang Yuemeng , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudies on the effects of transcriptional memory on clone reprogramming in mammals are limited. In the present study, we observed higher levels of active histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3 and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine) and repressive (5‐methylcytosine) epigenetic modifications in bovine early cloned embryos than in in vitro fertilized embryos. We hypothesized that aberrant epigenetic modification may result in transcriptional disorders in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. RNA sequencing results confirmed that both abnormal transcriptional silencing and transcriptional activation are involved in bovine SCNT reprogramming. The cloned embryos exhibited excessive transcription in RNA processing‐ and translation‐related genes as well as transcriptional defects in reproduction‐related genes whose transcriptional profiles were similar to those in donor cells. These results demonstrated the existence of active and silent memory genes inherited from donor cells in early bovine SCNT embryos. Further, H3K4me3‐specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B) mRNA was injected into the reconstructed embryos to reduce the increased H3K4me3 modification. KDM5B overexpression not only reduced the transcriptional level of active memory genes, but also promoted the expression of silent memory genes; in particular, it rescued the expression of multiple development‐related genes. These results showed that transcriptional memory acts as a reprogramming barrier and KDM5B improves SCNT reprogramming via bidirectional regulation effects on transcriptional memory genes in bovines.
Vasodilatory effects of cannabidiol in human pulmonary and rat small mesenteric arteries: modification by hypertension and the potential pharmacological opportunities
Authors: Baranowska-Kuczko Marta , Kozłowska Hanna , Kloza Monika , Sadowska Olga , Kozłowski Mirosław , Kusaczuk Magdalena , Kasacka Irena , Malinowska Barbara 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been suggested as a potential antihypertensive drug. The aim of our study was to investigate its vasodilatory effect in isolated human pulmonary arteries (hPAs) and rat small mesenteric arteries (sMAs).

Methods:
Vascular effects of CBD were examined in hPAs obtained from patients during resection of lung carcinoma and sMAs isolated from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR); 11-deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats or their appropriate normotensive controls using organ bath and wire myography, respectively.

Results:
CBD induced almost full concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in hPAs and rat sMAs. In hPAs, it was insensitive to antagonists of CB1 (AM251) and CB2 (AM630) receptors but it was reduced by endothelium denudation, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin and nimesulide), antagonists of prostanoid EP4 (L161982), IP (Cay10441), vanilloid TRPV1 (capsazepine) receptors and was less potent under KCl-induced tone and calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa) inhibitors (iberiotoxin, UCL1684 and TRAM-34) and in hypertensive, overweight and hypercholesteremic patients. The time-dependent effect of CBD was sensitive to the PPARγ receptor antagonist GW9662. In rats, the CBD potency was enhanced in DOCA-salt and attenuated in SHR. The CBD-induced relaxation was inhibited in SHR and DOCA-salt by AM251 and only in DOCA-salt by AM630 and endothelium denudation.

Conclusion:
The CBD-induced relaxation in hPAs that was reduced in hypertensive, obese and hypercholesteremic patients was endothelium-dependent and mediated via KCa and IP, EP4, TRPV1 receptors. The CBD effect in rats was CB1-sensitive and dependent on the hypertension model. Thus, modification of CBD-mediated responses in disease should be considered when CBD is used for therapeutic purposes.
VITREOUS PROSTAGLANDIN E2 CHANGES AFTER TOPICAL ADMINISTRATION OF DICLOFENAC 0.1%, INDOMETHACIN 0.5%, NEPAFENAC 0.3%, AND BROMFENAC 0.09%
Authors: Pastore Marco R. , De Giacinto Chiara , Cirigliano Gabriella , D'Aloisio Rossella , Addobbati Riccardo , Agostinis Chiara , Radillo Oriano , Di Martino Giuseppe , Di Nicola Marta , Cecchini Paolo , Tognetto Daniele 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the vitreous concentration of different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) after topical administration and the related prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:
A prospective, randomized, investigator-masked study was performed. One hundred four patients scheduled for a pars plana vitrectomy for an epiretinal membrane or a macular hole were randomized to receive topical diclofenac 0.1%, indomethacin 0.5%, nepafenac 0.3%, bromfenac 0.09%, or placebo 3 days before surgery. At the beginning of surgery, a sample of undiluted vitreous was collected in each patient to assess NSAIDs concentration and PGE2 levels.

Results:
The median vitreous concentrations were 203.35 (interquartile range 146.54–264.18) pg/mL for diclofenac, 243.45 (interquartile range 156.96–365.37) pg/mL for nepafenac, 438.21 pg/mL (interquartile range, 282.52–645.87) for its active metabolite amfenac, 350.14 (interquartile range, 290.88–481.95) pg/mL for indomethacin, and 274.59 (245.43–358.25) pg/mL for bromfenac. Vitreous PGE2 levels were significantly lower for all the NSAIDs groups compared with the control group (P < 0.001). A statistically significant higher vitreous PGE2 level was found in the diclofenac group compared with the other NSAIDs groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Topical NSAIDs achieve sufficient vitreous concentration to decrease vitreous PGE2 levels compared with the control group. The different efficacy in reducing PGE2 concentration may affect the management of posterior segment inflammation.
AUTOLOGOUS RETINAL TRANSPLANTATION AS A PRIMARY TREATMENT FOR LARGE CHRONIC MACULAR HOLES
Authors: Tanaka Shin , Inoue Maiko , Inoue Tatsuya , Yamakawa Tadashi , Uchio Eiichi , Grewal Dilraj S. , Mahmoud Tamer H. , Kadonosono Kazuaki 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To report the outcomes of autologous neurosensory retinal transplant as a primary treatment for patients with large chronic macular holes and evaluate the safety and feasibility of the procedure.

Design:
Retrospective study, consecutive case series.

Methods:
We reviewed seven patients with a primary chronic large macular hole, who underwent autologous neurosensory retinal transplant. Mean preoperative minimum and maximum hole diameters were 643 µm and 1214 µm, respectively. Changes in visual acuity were measured postsurgery, and optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and microperimetry-3 were analyzed after the procedure.

Results:
Closure of the macular hole was achieved in all seven eyes in the study. At 1 year post-surgery, there was significant improvement in mean visual acuity (LogMAR 1.10 vs. 0.68, P = 0.001). Optical coherence tomography showed that all grafts had formed attachments to the retinal epithelial cells of the recipient retina. Mean preoperative ellipsoid zone defect was 1,089 ± 403.8 µm (range, 918–1,329 µm) which further decreased to 921 ± 129.1 µm (range, 670–1,201 µm) at final follow up (P = 0.09). Microperimetry-3 testing indicated retinal sensitivity in the graft in five eyes.

Conclusion:
Autologous retinal transplantation may help rebuild the macular structure resulting in functional improvement for eyes with primary chronic large macular hole.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY AND SLEEP APNEA
Authors: Liu Pei-Kang , Chang Yo-Chen , Tai Ming-Hong , Tsai Rong-Kung , Chong Inn-Wen , Wu Kwou-Yeung , Wu Wen-Chuan , Hsu Chung-Yao , Tsai Ming-Ju 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To identify the association between sleep apnea (SA) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods:
In this nationwide population-based study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we enrolled adult patients with a diagnosis of SA and matched each patient to 30 age- and gender-matched control subjects without any SA diagnosis. Using Poisson regression analyses, the incidence rate of CSC was compared between SA patients and control subjects.

Results:
A total of 10,753 SA patients and 322,590 control subjects were identified. After adjusting for age, gender, residency, income level, and comorbidities, the incidence rate of CSC was significantly higher in SA patients than in the control subjects (adjusted incident rate ratio for probable SA: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1–1.4], P < 0.0001). Analyses of the propensity score-matched subpopulations also confirmed our findings. Risk factors for CSC in SA patients included male gender, age ≤50 years, higher income, presence of heart disease, absence of chronic pulmonary disease, and presence of liver disease. In SA patients, those who had received continuous positive airway pressure titration had a significantly lower incidence rate of CSC than the others.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed a significantly higher incidence rate of CSC in SA patients compared with the control subjects.
MULTIPLE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM APERTURES ASSOCIATED WITH PSEUDO-VITELLIFORM LYMPHOMATOUS MACULOPATHY
Authors: Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Marchese Alessandro , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Querques Giuseppe , Bandello Francesco , Modorati Giulio M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To describe the case of a 66-year-old man with bilateral cytologically proven vitreoretinal lymphoma who presented with a pseudo-vitelliform macular lesion and multiple retinal pigment epithelium apertures.

Methods:
The patient underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment and fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography, at baseline and during follow-up.

Results:
A new-onset foveal yellow, ill-defined lesion was noticed in the right eye during the follow-up; best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20, and the patient was asymptomatic. The lesion was isoautofluorescent with the surrounding retina. The optical coherence tomography revealed hyperreflective subretinal material, an irregularly thickened retinal pigment epithelium, and a shallow, hyperreflective retinal pigment epithelium detachment with multiple retinal pigment epithelium apertures. After 15 days, the lesion was completely reabsorbed and replaced by outer retinal atrophy and cystoid macular edema; best-corrected visual acuity dropped to 20/100.

Conclusion:
The macular lesion may be a sign of macular infiltration, a case of paraneoplastic cloudy vitelliform submaculopathy, or coexistence of both. Retinal pigment epithelium apertures are not disease-specific and are described in vitreoretinal lymphoma for the first time.
Does the Addition of Naloxone in Buprenorphine/Naloxone Affect Retention in Treatment in Opioid Replacement Therapy?
Authors: Dalton Kathryn , Butt Natalie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOpioid maintenance therapy is an evidence-based first-line treatment approach to reduce the problems associated with opioid use disorders. Buprenorphine and methadone are the two most commonly recommended pharmacotherapies. Individuals who remain in treatment longer tend to have a reduced drug use, a higher social functioning, and a higher quality of life. The addition of naloxone to buprenorphine (bup/nx) was developed, in part, to help increase retention in treatment. However, this has not been shown in research. The objective of this review was to examine whether bup/nx is more effective than buprenorphine and methadone, to ultimately determine whether the addition of naloxone shows a clinical difference.MethodsThe literature search was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Search strategies were thoroughly developed and modified for each database by combining relevant MeSH and Emtree terms as well as keywords such as “bup/nx,” “buprenorphine,” and “naloxone.” The outcome measure was treatment retention, as determined by the number of days a participant remains in a treatment program.ResultsThere were four studies included in the review. The data were analyzed with Review Manager software. There was no statistically significant result for bup/nx compared with methadone or buprenorphine.ConclusionBup/nx may be an alternative to standard treatments such as buprenorphine and methadone as the addition of naloxone does not affect retention in treatment.
Preliminary clinical assessment of dynamic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography for evaluating the clinicopathological grade in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a prospective study
Authors: Shinya Takayoshi , Otomi Yoichi , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Kubo Michiko , Kondo Mihoko , Otomo Maki , Terazawa Kaori , Bando Yoshimi , Harada Masafumi 
Published: December 2019

Objective
We prospectively assessed the diagnostic capacity of dynamic and dual-time-point 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography and explored the most appropriate scan timing for clinicopathological discrimination of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Methods
Thirteen patients underwent dynamic scans dynamic scans (5–15, 15–25, and 25–35 minute postinjection) and consecutive dual-time-point scans (1- and 2-hour postinjection). For five indolent and 16 aggressive lymphomas, we statistically compared the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and the retention index of the SUVmax (RI-SUVmax) for each scan and explored the diagnostic capacities using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

Results
SUVmax increased progressively over time in all lymphomas and was significantly higher for aggressive lymphoma than for indolent lymphoma in each timephase. RI-SUVmax of dynamic scans (RI-SUV-dynamic) was significantly higher in aggressive than in indolent lymphoma. The cutoff values obtained a sensitivity of 94%, positive-predictive value of 94%, and accuracy of 91% for SUVmax analyses of the dynamic second and third phases, 1-hour early phase, and 2-hour delayed phase, and a sensitivity of 88%, positive-predictive value of 93%, and accuracy of 86% for RI-SUV-dynamic. In contrast, for the dynamic first phase, the cutoff value of SUVmax yielded moderate sensitivity of 69%, a positive-predictive value of 92%, and an accuracy of 71%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the RI-SUV-dynamic had the highest value (0.938), whereas the AUCs of the other ROC analyses were not significantly different.

Conclusion
The dynamic second and third phase could potentially provide good predictors of clinicopathological discrimination, as can the early and delayed phases.
Colocalization of pain and reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density in individuals with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy
Authors: Patel Imraan G. , Kamerman Peter R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
There is poor correlation between decreases in intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and the presence of pain in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) and other painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathies.

Objectives:
We investigated whether in individuals with HIV-SN, having pain at the ankle skin biopsy site was associated with lower IENFD compared to when there was no pain at the ankle biopsy site.

Methods:
We recruited 15 individuals with symptomatic HIV-SN. Nine had pain at the site where the ankle biopsy was taken, whereas 6 did not. Skin punch biopsies for IENFD quantification were taken from the ankle and the thigh. Contrasts between the 2 groups were made using the overlap of confidence interval (CI) method.

Results:
Intraepidermal nerve fiber density was substantially lower in the group that had pain at the site of the ankle biopsy compared with the other group (6.6 [CI: 5.3–7.2] vs 3.3 [CI: 10.0–15.0] fibers/mm). However, there was no group differences at the thigh biopsy site (15.6 [CI: 15.0–15.9] vs 16.2 [CI: 14.5–17.8] fibers/mm). When taking the ratio of ankle IENFD:thigh IENFD, the point estimate for the pain at the ankle group (0.43 [CI: 0.36–0.48]) was about half that of the other group (0.81 [CI: 0.68–0.87]).

Conclusion:
Thus, colocalization of pain to the ankle is associated with meaningful decreases in ankle IENFD.