bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat segregation among freshwater shrimp species in an Amazonian rainforest stream system
Authors: da Silva Elmo Pereira , Borba Gabriel C. , Magalhães Célio , Zuanon Jansen , Magnusson William E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Resource partitioning is a stabilising mechanism known to maintain species diversity in a variety of environments. Assemblages of stream shrimp species are structured by habitat features and predation. Therefore, segregation along habitat dimensions could facilitate coexistence among species in shrimp assemblages even when segregation is a result of predation pressure by fish species. These ecological interactions take place on a background modulated by biogeographic features, such as connectivity among drainages. However, these generalisations are mainly based on studies undertaken in temperate regions.

We investigated whether abundances of rainforest shrimp species are related to habitat dimensions, and whether habitat–abundance relationships might be mediated through fish‐assemblage structure and the effect of drainages on connectivity.

We detected effects of habitat variation on densities of shrimp species, but the magnitudes of the effects were larger for some species than others. Fish‐assemblage composition also affected shrimp densities. Two of the three species of shrimp showed some degree of habitat specialisation, but only along current‐velocity, depth, and pH gradients. Habitat segregation among species occurred along the current‐velocity and pH gradients. Relationships between density and environmental gradients differed between catchments for only one species and only along the pH gradient.

Our findings provide evidence that rainforest‐stream shrimp species respond differently to environmental gradients and this could facilitate coexistence among species. However, interactions with fish seem to have a stronger effect on species densities, and consequently species segregation, than direct effects of the environmental gradients, resulting in apparent competition for these resources.
Study of pharmacist intervention in polypharmacy among older patients: Non‐randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Hashimoto Ryota , Fujii Keiko , Shimoji Shizuka , Utsumi Atsuyuki , Hosokawa Kazutaka , Tochino Hiroki , Sanehisa Shigeki , Akishita Masahiro , Onda Mitsuko 
Published: December 2019

AimWe investigated the outcomes of interdisciplinary drug therapy interventions by pharmacists among older residents of special elderly nursing homes.MethodsThe study was designed as a non‐randomized, parallel‐group, controlled study. Four nursing homes were allocated in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The participants of the study were residents taking five or more medications. The nursing homes in the IG were each visited by one pharmacist, who was charged with looking for potential problems in drug therapy. Activities in the CG were carried out as usual. The intervention period was 6 months. The primary end‐points were the incidences of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and falls. The mean difference and proportion of participants were compared between groups.ResultsData from 28 participants in the IG and 27 participants in the CG were analyzed. The number of PIM decreased from 2.64 at baseline to 2.39 after 6 months in the IG (P = 0.032). The proportion of participants in whom the use of PIM was reduced without problems was 17.9% in the IG and 3.7% in the CG (P = 0.094). The mean number of falls was 0.04 in the IG and 0.41 in the CG (P = 0.033). Falls occurred in 3.6% of participants in the IG and 22.2% of participants in the CG (P = 0.043).ConclusionsThe results suggested a trend toward fewer PIM and falls in the IG. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ••: ••–••.
Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti3AlC2 powders by microwave sintering
Authors: Chen Weihua , Tang Jiancheng , Shi Xingwang , Ye Nan , Yue Zhihao , Lin Xinghao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh‐purity titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) powders were synthesized by a microwave sintering method using different titanium sources as raw materials. The prepared products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the synthesized Ti3AlC2 powders have high purity (97.5%) and even distribution of the grain size when using a 3TiH2/1.2Al/2C mixture as raw materials when the microwave sintering temperature and time were 1300°C and 30 minutes, respectively. The formation mechanism of the Ti3AlC2 is described as proceeding via four stages. The solid‐phase reaction between titanium and aluminum occurs below the melting point of aluminum and the main product is a Ti3Al phase, which is an observed intermediate compound for the formation of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. Thus, this study provides a beneficial approach to low‐temperature synthesis of high‐purity Ti3AlC2 materials.
Application of the factorial design of experiments to hydrothermal synthesis of lithium iron phosphate
Authors: Liu Zuolin , Zhu Yongming , Gao Peng , Zhang Zhizhou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mathematical model of lithium iron phosphate prepared by hydrothermal method was established by factor experimental design. The effect of individual variables and their interactions were studied by the main effects plot and Interaction plot. The influence of ascorbic acid dosage on the discharge specific capacity was greater than the hydrothermal time and the hydrothermal temperature, and the influence degree of the latter two was equivalent and the interaction effect of hydrothermal time and ascorbic acid dosage has the greatest influence on the discharge specific capacity in three interaction effects. The optimized hydrothermal condition was hydrothermal time of 9 hours, hydrothermal temperature of 210°C and ascorbic acid dosage of 1.5 mmol in the experimental design range, with the initial discharge specific capacity of 0.1 C as 152.5 mAh g−1. The corresponding characterization was performed using electrochemical methods, XRD, SEM, and TEM. This study provided a protocol to factorially design better experiments to achieve excellent battery criterion in the context of lithium iron phosphate preparation.
The histocompatibility and immunogenetics of hand transplantation
Authors: Wilks Daniel J. , Clark Brendan , Kay Simon P. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis short review will be concerned with the literature that has developed connected with the immunogenetic and tissue compatibility aspects of hand transplantation and will also draw on connected work in the more general area of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) which includes face, abdominal wall uterus and larynx.
When the liver gets stiff, the tough get moving
Authors: Nguyen Thuy‐Huong , Wardell Rebecca , Chitturi Shiv , Teoh Narci , Farrell Geoff 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLiver stiffness measurement (LSM) by FibroScan‐determined transient elastography is a noninvasive approach to estimate liver fibrosis severity. In non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), advanced liver fibrosis is excluded by normal liver stiffness, but a wide range of cutoffs have been used to predict advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. This may be partly because steatosis (measured by controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]) contributes to liver stiffness and also because LSM fluctuates in NAFLD. In a recent pivotal study, one‐third of patients with liver stiffness > 12.0 kPa showed reversal after 4–6 months; these cases did not have advanced liver fibrosis on biopsy. We performed serial FibroScans 6–36 months apart in 73 NAFLD patients, 38 with LSM > 10 kPa at entry. Those who lost ≥ 1 kg of weight (n = 31) significantly reduced liver stiffness (3.6 ± 6.1 vs 0.53 ± 4.1 kPa, P < 0.05) and CAP score (39 ± 63 dB/m of loss vs 24 ± 65 dB/m of gain, P < 0.05) compared with those who did not (n = 29). Patients who reported increased physical activity (n = 25) also reduced liver stiffness (3.6 ± 6 vs 0.35 ± 6 kPa) and CAP (20 ± 71 dB/m of loss vs 32 ± 71 dB/m of gain). Overall, those with improved LSM were significantly more likely to have lost weight and/or improved physical activity. These effects of lifestyle adjustments partly explain why a single measurement of 12.0 kPa is not a reliable cutoff for advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD. In addition to repeating the study after 6–12 months, documentation of response to lifestyle advice and weight reduction should be determined before assuming any cutoff indicates advanced liver fibrosis. Despite this reservation about diagnostic accuracy, we consider that measurement of liver stiffness and CAP score serve to motivate patients to enact lifestyle modifications that can improve NAFLD severity.
Inflammation and fatness in adolescents with and without Down syndrome: UP & DOWN study
Authors: Gutierrez‐Hervas A. , Gómez‐Martínez S. , Izquierdo‐Gómez R. , Veiga O. L. , Perez‐Bey A. , Castro‐Piñero J. , Marcos A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe main objective of this study was to describe the inflammatory status of adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and their relationship with adiposity.MethodsNinety‐five adolescents with DS (44.2% girls) and a control group of 113 adolescents (47.8% girls), aged between 11 and 18 years old, from the UP & DOWN study were included in this substudy. Serum C‐reactive protein, C3 and C4 complement factors, total proteins, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, insulin, cortisol, leptin, adiponectin, galactin‐3 and visfatin were analysed; homeostatic model assessment index was calculated. In order to evaluate adiposity, we measured the following body fat variables: weight, height, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses. Birth weight was obtained by questionnaire. In addition, body mass index, waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated.ResultsDown syndrome group showed higher levels of body mass index, WHtR, waist circumference, BF% and lower birth weight than controls (P < 0.001). In the general linear model in the total sample, WHtR was positively associated with C3 and C4 (P < 0.001) as well as with leptin levels (P = 0.015). BF% was positively associated with total proteins (P = 0.093) and leptin levels (P < 0.001). DS was positively associated with total proteins (P < 0.001), C3 (P = 0.047) and C4 (P = 0.019). Despite the higher levels of adiposity found in DS group, no direct association was found between BF% and leptin levels, comparing with the control group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that abdominal obesity should be controlled in adolescents because of its relationship with acute phase‐inflammatory biomarkers but especially in DS adolescents who may show a peculiar metabolic status according to their relationship between adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers.
The Role of Schools in Identifying and Referring Refugee Background Young People Who Are Experiencing Mental Health Issues
Authors: Baak Melanie , Miller Emily , Ziersch Anna , Due Clemence , Masocha Shepard , Ziaian Tahereh 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRefugee background young people are at increased risk of mental health problems. In countries of refugee resettlement, schools are important sites where mental health difficulties can be identified and service access facilitated; however, little is known about how best to support these practices within schools.METHODSThis article explores school and mental health service providers' perspectives on mental health challenges and referral pathways for refugee youth in South Australia. It draws on semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 17 secondary school staff and 10 mental health service providers, which were analyzed thematically.RESULTSKey challenges for school staff in identifying mental health issues were understanding behaviors, overcoming stigma, cultural and linguistic barriers, engaging with parents, staff preparation and training, and embeddedness within Western understandings of mental health. There was also limited awareness of appropriate mental health services and referral pathways. Service providers recognized schools' key role in identifying mental health issues for refugee students.CONCLUSIONSEnhanced training and support is required for teachers to identify and refer students who might be experiencing mental health issues. “On‐site” school services, bi‐cultural workers, and increased knowledge of existing within‐school supports and referral pathways to external services would enhance outcomes for refugee students.
Incidence, prevalence and mortality of diabetes in children and adolescents aged under 20 years in the Republic of Maldives
Authors: Majeed Naila A , Shiruhana Shiru A , Maniam Jayanthi , Eigenmann Cecile A , Siyan Ali , Ogle Graham D 
Published: December 2019

AimThere is little published data on diabetes in youth in the Maldives. This study aimed to determine incidence, prevalence and mortality of diabetes in children and adolescents <20 years.MethodsData on all known existing cases in 2009 and all new cases from 2009 to 2018 was collected from the Diabetes Society of the Maldives registry.ResultsThirty‐nine subjects <20 years were known to have diabetes at the start of 2009 and 92 new cases were diagnosed from 2009 to 2018. Of the 92 new cases, 76 had type 1 diabetes (T1D), 15 type 2 diabetes (T2D) and one secondary diabetes. Of the 76 new T1D cases, 64 were diagnosed <15 years. Mean age of onset for T1D <20 years was 10 ± 4.6 years, with 42 (55.3%) female. Ten (13.2%) were diagnosed 0–4 years, 27 (35.5%) 5–9 years, 27 (35.5%) 10–14 years and 12 (15.8%) 15–19 years. Annual T1D mean incidence rates/per 100 000 subjects for <15/<20 years, respectively, increased from 3.6/2.7 in 2009 to 11.0/9.1 in 2018, representing 12.0%/13.0% annualised increases (P = 0.01 for both). T1D prevalence in 2018 for <15 and <20 years was 47.1/100 000 and 52.0/100 000, respectively. No young person with T1D died during this period, with a total of 262 patient‐years of follow‐up for T1D cases. The child with secondary diabetes died of other causes.ConclusionT1D incidence in Maldives is higher than that reported from other South Asian countries, and an increasing trend was observed. T2D also occurs relatively frequently. A zero mortality rate was observed for children and young adults with T1D and T2D from 2009 to 2018.
Neonatal alloimmune neutropaenia: Experience from an Australian paediatric health service
Authors: Doan John , Kottayam Radhakrishnan , Krishnamurthy Mohan B , Malhotra Atul 
Published: December 2019

AimTo describe the presenting features and investigation findings in infants diagnosed with neonatal alloimmune neutropaenia (NAIN) within an Australian paediatric health network. The secondary aim was to describe the management and resolution of neutropaenia in infants with NAIN.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Infants referred to the Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service for evaluation of NAIN were identified and medical records were reviewed. Descriptive statistical analysis of infants' clinical outcomes, investigation findings and management was performed.ResultsNine infants were diagnosed with NAIN between December 2004 and June 2017. Overall incidence of NAIN was around 1 per 10 000 births. Median gestational age was 38 (range 35–40) weeks and birthweight was 2920 (2300–4445) g. Median age at NAIN work‐up was 7 (2–33) days. Prior to investigation for NAIN, median absolute neutrophil count was 0.2 (0.01–0.6) × 109 cells/L. The post‐natal ward was the source of presentation in most infants (78%). All except one infant were admitted to a neonatal unit and commenced on intravenous antibiotics (89%). Six infants were asymptomatic but received antibiotics for risk of infection (75%). Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor was administered to 44% of infants due to neutropaenia with presumed or confirmed infection. NAIN resolved at median age of 32 (6–200) days.ConclusionsInfants with NAIN frequently presented with severe, unexpected neutropaenia without major infection. Intravenous antibiotic therapy and granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor use was common in this cohort.
Efficacy of Melatonin in prevention of radiation‐induced oral mucositis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elsabagh Hossam H. , Moussa Eglal , Mahmoud Sabah A. , Elsaka Rasha O. , Abdelrahman Hams 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesEvaluating the effectiveness of melatonin in prevention of radiation‐induced oral mucositis.Material and methodsA randomized controlled clinical study was conducted on forty head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy at the Department of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria University, Egypt. Patients were assigned equally to either control group who received conventional treatment or test group who received 20 mg of melatonin along with the conventional treatment. All patients were clinically evaluated for oral mucositis severity and pain at three and six weeks after the start of radiotherapy. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patients’ saliva samples was assessed at the start of radiotherapy and six weeks later.Results92.5% of all patients have experienced oral mucositis with more severity reported in the control group (30%) compared with the test group (5%). Mean pain scores decreased significantly, in the second assessment, in test group rather than the controls. TAC values showed a significant difference between the test and controls with a significant decrease in TAC in the control group.ConclusionThe administration of melatonin with conventional treatment has reduced severe oral mucositis development. It aided in decreasing pain and hindering the reduction of TAC resulting from radiotherapy among the test group compared with controls.
Molecular and physiological responses during thermal acclimation of leaf photosynthesis and respiration in rice
Authors: Rashid Fatimah Azzahra Ahmad , Crisp Peter A. , Zhang You , Berkowitz Oliver , Pogson Barry J. , Day David A. , Masle Josette , Dewar Roderick C. , Whelan James , Atkin Owen K. , Scafaro Andrew P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo further our understanding of how sustained changes in temperature affect the carbon economy of rice (Oryza sativa), hydroponically grown plants of the IR64 cultivar were developed at 30°C/25°C (day/night) before being shifted to 25/20°C or 40/35°C. Leaf messenger RNA and protein abundance, sugar and starch concentrations, and gas‐exchange and elongation rates were measured on preexisting leaves (PE) already developed at 30/25°C or leaves newly developed (ND) subsequent to temperature transfer. Following a shift in growth temperature, there was a transient adjustment in metabolic gene transcript abundance of PE leaves before homoeostasis was reached within 24 hr, aligning with Rdark (leaf dark respiratory CO2 release) and An (net CO2 assimilation) changes. With longer exposure, the central respiratory protein cytochrome c oxidase (COX) declined in abundance at 40/35°C. In contrast to Rdark, An was maintained across the three growth temperatures in ND leaves. Soluble sugars did not differ significantly with growth temperature, and growth was fastest with extended exposure at 40/35°C. The results highlight that acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration is asynchronous in rice, with heat‐acclimated plants exhibiting a striking ability to maintain net carbon gain and growth when exposed to heat‐wave temperatures, even while reducing investment in energy‐conserving respiratory pathways.
The effect of using entertainment and communication devices before sleep on nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Sürmeli Döven Serra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) is a common urological problem. The association between the use of entertainment and communication devices (EECDs) at night and enuresis in MNE patients has yet to be reported in the literature. This study aims to determine if an association exists between the use of EECDs before sleep and nocturnal enuresis.MethodsPatients with MNE who presented to the pediatric nephrology department of the center between January 30, 2019 and June 30, 2019 were included in the study. A questionnaire was administered both to the patients and to an age‐ and sex‐matched control group to garner details of sleeping features and duration of exposure to EECDs before sleep. A comparison was then made of the answers provided by the patient and control groups.ResultsThe study included 138 patients (65 females; 73 males) and 104 controls (44 females; 60 males). The patients who used EECDs for more than 3 h a day before sleep suffered more frequently from bedwetting than those who used EECDs for fewer than 3 h a day (P = 0.007). The time of exposure to EECDs before sleep in the patient group was longer than in the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe use of EECDs for more than 3 hours before sleep is associated with bedwetting and enuresis frequency in patients with MNE. Patients suffering from MNE should be advised not to use EECDs before sleep.
Humidity‐Insensitive Tissue Oxygen Tension Sensing for Wearable Devices†
Authors: Roussakis Emmanuel , Cascales Juan Pedro , Marks Haley L. , Li Xiaolei , Grinstaff Mark , Evans Conor L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuantification of tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO2) at the skin surface is crucial for diagnostic applications in burns, reconstructive surgeries, diabetic ulcers, etc. Further, current advances in wearable and communications technologies have widened the use of transcutaneous oxygen monitors (TCOM) for home care or even enhance athletic performance. For TCOM technology to find widespread use, devices must function reliably yet independently of changes in environmental conditions, humidity in particular. To this end, we have explored the incorporation of an oxygen‐sensing metalloporphyrin within different host matrix materials of different compositions with the goal of overcoming the humidity sensitivity of previously explored oxygen‐sensing materials. We developed a tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)‐based, highly breathable, oxygen‐sensing metalloporphyrin polymer film which responds to changes in oxygenation independent of humidity.
Seasonal nitrogen uptake strategies in a temperate desert ecosystem depends on N form and plant species
Authors: Zhuang W. , Li J. , Yu F. , Dong Z. , Guo H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Symbiotic plants might be able to regulate a limited nitrogen (N) pool, thus avoiding and reducing competition for resources, through the uptake of different chemical N forms. Our aim was to see whether coexisting herbs showed preference for different forms of N in a temperate desert.

We conducted a situ experiment using the 15N labeling method in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China dominated by Erodium oxyrrhynchum, Hyalea pulchella, Nonea caspica and Lactuca undulata during their growing period (April and May).

Four desert herb species preferentially relied on 15N‐NO3 for their N nutrition. Multi‐factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis results showed that species, N forms, months, and soil depths strongly affected N uptake rate. The uptake rate by herbs was higher in May than in April, and higher at 0–5 cm than at 5–15 cm soil layers. Erodium oxyrrhynchum, N. caspica and L. undulata showed different preference on N form over months. Erodium oxyrrhynchum and L. undulata changed their uptake preference from more 15N‐Glycine in April to more 15N‐NH4 in May.

Although the N uptake rate of four desert herbs varied across different soil depths and months, all species absorbed more inorganic N compared with organic N. The higher preference for 15N‐NO3 and 15N‐NH4 over 15N‐Gly possibly reflects adaptation to different N forms in temperate desert.