bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the morphology of Mature ovarian follicles using Image Processing Toolbox
Authors: Bao LI-Feng , Li Hui-Mei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics of mature follicles with clinical value. Study Design:a retrospective studyMethods: The five morphological indexes of follicles in 72 natural ovulation cycles were measured. The shoot time of follicle photos was the day before ovulation. Measurement software was the MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox. Results: The measured average area, perimeter, equivalent circle diameter and roundness were 301.29 ± 8.52 mm2, 62.23 ± 6.82 mm, 20.21 ± 3.08 mm and 0.89 ± 0.05, respectively; and the maximal diameter was 23.12 ± 3.06 mm. Conclusion: Image Processing Toolbox is a simple and convenient measurement software. The standardization of the reference indexes of follicular morphology has an important clinical application value in reproductive medicine.Research Highlights and Graphical Abstract: In the present study, the morphological characteristics of these folliclesinclude the area, perimeter, maximal diameter, equivalent circle diameter and roundness were preliminarily studied using the related measurement software.
Predictability of pain intensity and psychological distress by suggestibility and attitude to menstruation among female university students
Authors: Abazari Nader , Heydarinasab Leila , Yaghubi Hamid , Farahani Hojjatollah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is commonly seen among women of reproductive age and can be aggravated by emotional and physical symptoms. (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern including fatigue, pain, mood swings, food cravings, tender breasts, irritability and depression. For most of women, the physical pain and psychological distress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. It has been observed that pain intensity and psychological distress can be affected by psychosocial variables such as catastrophizing, beliefs, coping skills, perceived social support, and learning about pain from important others. this investigation has aimed to assess Predictability of pain intensity and psychological distress by suggestibility and attitude to menstruation among Iranian population of women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 female students of Shahed university of Tehran between 20 to 35-year-old. The data were collected through the, MAQ, Numeric pain assessment, DASS-42, SHSS/C, SRQ, and Demographic form. Significant level was set at 0.05. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS-24 software. The analysis method was standard regression. Results: we had 130 female students of Shahed university of Tehran participated in investigation and their data was analyzed. Pearson correlation between total score of attitudes to menstruation and subscales of DASS-42 stress, anxiety and depression was respectively (0.778), (0.751) and (0.773). after that, correlation between pain intensity and total score of attitudes to menstruation was (0.732). moreover, results showed correlation between suggestibility score with subscales of DASS-42 stress, anxiety and depression was respectively (0.731), (0.733) and (0.8741). finally, data analysis demonstrated that correlation between suggestibility score with pain intensity was (0.735). about all of indexes, sig = 0.05.Conclusion: results showed that attitude to menstruation and suggestibility can predict significantly all three subscales of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), so do data analysis demonstrated that more negative attitude to menstruation can predict significantly pain intensity of menstruation among females. (sig=0.05)
Female Partner Experiences of Prostate Cancer Patients’ Engagement With A Community-Based Football Intervention: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Midtgaard Julie , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine , Rørth Mette , Kronborg Malene , Bjerre Eik Dybboe , Oliffe John 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundProstate cancer is often labelled a couple’s disease wherein the partner plays an important role in the man’s illness management and related health promotion activities. The aim of this study was to explore partner experiences of prostate cancer patients’ engagement with a community-based football program. MethodsEight audio-visual recorded semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 39 female partners of men with prostate cancer who participated in a community-based football program as part of the nationwide FC Prostate Community Trial (NCT02430792). Data was managed with the software program Nvivo 11 and analysed inductively to derive thematic findings. ResultsThe four thematic findings were: 1) ‘Hope of a new beginning’ which included stories of hope that football would mitigate the negative effects of men’s prostate cancer treatment[s]; 2) ‘My new partner’ was characterized by attributing connections between physical activity and elevated mood as a by-product of men’s involvement in the program; 3) ‘Football first’ included assertions of the couples mutual commitment to the football program; and 4) ‘Invisible needs’ contrasted insecurity, and unforeseen challenges for partners feeling somewhat neglected. Overall, the results confirm the need for cohesion and flexibility amongst couple-dyads to ensure partners and men with prostate cancer benefit from their involvement in football programs.ConclusionsThis study indicates that prostate cancer survivors’ engagement with community-based football are intricately connected to gender relations, roles and identities. In many instances, these gendered dimensions aided positive dyadic coping and long-term exercise adherence.
Gender Dimensions of the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Stunting in Children Under Five Years in Zimbabwe
Authors: Macheka Lesley , Kembo George , Kairiza Terrence 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: HIV/AIDS can have a disastrous effect on household food and nutrition security, an example includes stunting in children. However, stunting and HIV/AIDS are highly gendered phenomena that need to be explored in order to get an in-depth understanding of the interrelationship. This study was therefore aimed at investigating gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years from HIV/AIDS affected households in Zimbabwe. Methods: The study uses a large scale nationally representative cross-sectional dataset of 13 854 Zimbabwean households for the year 2019. To test hypothesis 1, the study employs binary choice models (Probit and Logit) since the outcome variable household HIV/AIDS status is dichotomous. To test hypothesis 2 and 3, the study employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to circumvent the self selection problem in the creation of treatment and control groups for households affected by HIV/AIDS and those that are not. Results: The results revealed that household HIV/AIDS status is independent of the gender of household head. On the other hand, the results for the PSM estimates show that the probability of the household having a stunted child under five years is higher for households with an HIV positive member compared to those without. In addition, female headed households with an HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed households under similar circumstances. Conclusion: Overall, the results provide evidence of a higher risk of stunting among children from households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study offers three major findings. Firstly, the study finds no significant association between gender of the household head and household HIV/AIDS status. Secondly, households that have at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years. Lastly, female headed households with at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed household with similar HIV/AIDS status. The findings have important policy implications towards improved integration of HIV/AIDS status, household head gender and child nutrition services in affected households.
Study on the formation and separation process of droplets in the medical piezoelectric atomization device induced by intra-hole fluctuation
Authors: Yan Qiufeng , Sun Wanting , Zhang Jianhui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Oral inhalation of aerosolized drugs can be directly performed on the affected body organs including lesions of the throat, trachea as well as lungs. As compared to the other conventional therapies such as intravenous drip, intramuscular injection and external topical administration, this novel technique can greatly reduce the dosage and side effects of drugs. However, the traditional atomization devices always exhibit many drawbacks, such as wide spreading distribution of atomization particle size, the instability of transient atomization quantity and difficulties in precise energy control, which seriously restrict more extensive application of atomization inhalation therapy. The formation and separation process of droplets is a microphenomenon of atomization. Research on the droplet formation and separation process will help us to better understand the atomization mechanism. In present work, the Conservative Level Set Method (CLSM) is the first time to be applied on the simulation of the formation and separation of droplets in a medical piezoelectric atomization device induced by intra-hole fluctuation. The intra-hole fluctuation mechanism is analyzed in details, and also the expression of the volume change of the micro cone hole is evaluated. The control equation and simulation model of droplet formation and separation process has been well established by meshing the simulation model, and thereby the process of droplet formation and separation is simulated. The corresponding results demonstrate that the breaking time of droplets decreases with the increase of inlet velocity and liquid temperature, and increases with the increase of liquid concentration. Meanwhile, the volume of droplet decreases with the increase of inlet velocity and liquid concentration, but increases with the increase of liquid temperature. The velocity of droplet is enhanced with the inlet velocity and liquid temperature rising, and reduced with the increase of liquid concentration. When the large side diameter of micro-cone hole is set as 79 μm, the breaking time of the droplet reaches a minimum value of 38.7 μs, whereas the volume and the velocity of droplet reaches a maximum value of 79.8 pL and 4.46m/s, respectively. This study reveals the atomization mechanism of the medical piezoelectric atomization device induced by intra-hole fluctuation from a micro perspective . It provides theoretical guidance for the design of medical piezoelectric atomization devices and contributes to the promotion of inhalation therapy in practical use.
Integrated Analysis of Virus and Host Transcriptomes in Cervical Cancer in Asian and Western Populations
Authors: Qiu Qiongzi , Zhou Qing , Luo Aoran , Li Xufan , Li Kezhen , Li Wenfeng , Yu Mengqian , Amanullah Md , Lu Bingjian , Lu Weiguo , Liu Pengyuan , Lu Yan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Race may influence vulnerability to HPV and have an effect on cervical cancer survival independent of socioeconomic status. Integration of the virus and host transcriptomes from different populations provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand these racial disparities in the prevalence of HPV and its associated cervical cancers in addition to fundamentally advancing the knowledge of HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis and progression. Methods: We performed RNA-Seq analysis of 90 tumors and 39 adjacent normal tissues from cervical cancer patients at Zhejiang University (ZJU) in China, and conducted a comparative analysis with RNA-Seq data of 286 cervical cancers from TCGA. Results: We found a significantly higher rate of HPV positives and HPV integrations in TCGA than in ZJU. In addition to LINC00393 and HSPB3 as new common integration hotspots in both populations, we found new hotspots such as SH2D3C and CASC8 in TCGA, and SCGB1A1 and ABCA1 in ZJU. We described the first, to our knowledge, virus-transcriptome-based classification of cervical cancer that is highly predictive of clinical outcome. Particularly, patients with expressed E5 performed better than those without E5 expression. However, the constituents of these virus-transcriptome-based tumor subtypes differ dramatically between the two populations. We further characterized the immune infiltration landscapes between different HPV statuses and revealed significantly elevated levels of regulatory T cells and M0 macrophages in HPV positive tumors, which were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusions: These findings increase our understanding of the racial disparities in the prevalence of HPV and its associated cervical cancers between Asian and Western populations, and also have important implications in the classification of tumor subtypes, prognosis, and anti-canc
Achieving the Recommended Levels of Physical Activity and Sleep among American Adolescent Athletes.
Authors: Knell Gregory , Walker Timothy J. , Johnson Ashleigh M. , Burkhart Scott O. , Polousky John D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Few adolescents are getting sufficient levels of physical activity and sleep despite the well understood health benefits of achieving sufficient levels of both, concurrently. This may be related to the limited understanding on the utility of programs to concurrently improve physical activity and sleep in adolescent populations. This study aimed to determine whether sports participation was associated with achieving the recommended levels of sleep and physical activity among a representative sample of American adolescents.Methods. Participants included a representative sample (n=58,008) of American adolescents who self-reported sport-participation (0, 1, 2, 3 or more teams yearly), and recommended levels of physical activity (at least 60-minutes per day of moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity [MVPA], and at least 3-days per week of muscle-strengthening activities [MSA]) and sleep (≤12-13 years: 9 to 10+ hours; 14-17 years: 8-10+ hours; ≥18 years: 7-9 hours). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the relative odds of meeting the physical activity (MVPA and MSA) and sleep recommendations (independently and in combinations) in sex stratum among those participating in sports versus non-participation.Results. Overall, 49.2% (95%CI: 47.1%-51.4%) of males and 38.6% (95%CI: 37.3%-40.0%) of females report not participating in any sport. Sport-participation differed by sex, age, ethnicity (Hispanic), and weight status. Those who play 1-sport team had higher odds (females: OR=1.95 [95% CI=1.59-2.40]; males: OR=2.20 [1.91-2.52] of concurrently achieving recommendations for sleep and physical activity (MVPA and MSA) compared to those playing no sports teams, after adjustment. Measures of effect were larger for more sports teams played, indicating a possible dose-response relation.Conclusions. Among this representative sample of American adolescents, sports participation was consistently associated with a healthier physical activity and sleep profile. Practitioners should consider encouraging sports participation to adolescents when possible, particularly among females, racial/ethnic minorities, and those with concerns about getting adequate sleep and/or physical activity.
The Impact of the Quality of Sexual Education on HIV/AIDS in Zambia: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Fotso Arlette Simo , Findley Sally , Chisumpa Vesper H. , Sachathep Karampreet , Mulenga Lloyd B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:This paper focuses on how sexual education quality is associated with HIV-related knowledge, stigma and risky sexual behaviour among Zambians. The implementation of the Comprehensive Sexuality Education programme since 2014, with sequential in-service teacher training provides a natural experiment for testing the hypothesis that quality of sexual education, not quantity only, is positively associated with HIV knowledge, and negatively associated with risky sexual behaviours and stigma. Methods:Data are drawn from the 2016 Zambian Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment survey, which sampled 24,663 individuals aged 15-59 years old nationwide. Province fixed-effects double difference model is used to test our hypothesis. Results:We found that sexual education with well-trained teachers reduced the number of HIV-related stigma by 0.13 points, while as expected it was associated with a greater number of correct HIV-related knowledge (0.29 points). No significant association was found between quality of sex education and risky sexual behaviours. Conclusion:These results point to the importance of investing in high quality sexual education to combat the HIV-AIDS progression.
Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Women of Reproductive Age in Kenya and Tanzania: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Orwa James , Gatimu Samwel Maina , Mantel Michaela , Luchters Stanley , Mugerwa Micheal A. , Brownie Sharon , Subi Leonard , Mrema Secilia , Nyaga Lucy , Edwards Grace , Mwasha Loveluck , Isangula Kahabi , Selestine Edna , Jadavji Sofia , Pell Rachel , Mbekenga Columba , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Delayed health seeking continues to contribute to preventable maternal and neonatal deaths in low resource countries. Some of the strategies to avoid the delay includes early preparation for the birth and detection of danger signs. We aimed to assess the level of practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We conducted community-based multi-stage cross-sectional surveys in Kilifi and Kisii counties in Kenya and Mwanza region in Tanzania and included women who delivered two years preceding the survey (2016-17). A woman who mentioned at least three out of five BPCR components was considered well-prepared. Bivariate and multivariable proportional odds model were used to determine the factors associated with the BPCR. The STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed the design and reporting of this study.Results: Only 11.4% (59/519) and 7.6% (31/409) of women were well-prepared for birth and its complications in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively, while 39.7% and 30.6% were unprepared, respectively. Level of education (primary: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.20, secondary: aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59), delivery within health facility (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29), good knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.80–2.04), labour and childbirth (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.67), postpartum (aOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.24–5.79), and antenatal care were associated with BPCR (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78).Conclusion: Overall, most pregnant women were not prepared for birth and its complications in Kilifi, Kisii and Mwanza region. Improving level of education, creating awareness on danger signs during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, and encouraging antenatal care and skilled birth care among women and their male partners/families are recommended strategies to promote BPCR practices and contribute to improved pregnancy outcomes in women and newborns.
Urine Collection in Cervical Cancer Screening – Comparison of Two HPV DNA Assays
Authors: Tranberg Mette , Jensen Jørgen Skov , Bech Bodil Hammer , Andersen Berit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To reach non-participants, reluctant to undergo clinician-based cervical cancer screening and cervico-vaginal self-sampling, urine collection for high-risk human papillomavirus detection (hrHPV) may be valuable. Using two hrHPV DNA assays, we evaluated the concordance of hrHPV positivity in urine samples in comparison with cervico-vaginal self-samples and cervical cytology samples taken by the general practitioner (GP). We also studied women's accept of urine collection and preferences towards the different sampling procedures.Methods: One hundred fifty paired self-collected urine and cervico-vaginal samples and GP-collected cervical cytology samples were obtained from 30 to 59-year-old women diagnosed with ASC-US within the Danish cervical cancer screening program. After undergoing cervical cytology at the GP, the women collected first-void urine and cervico-vaginal samples at home and completed a questionnaire. Each sample was hrHPV DNA tested by the GENOMICA® CLART and COBAS® 4800 assays. Concordance in hrHPV detection between sample types was determined using Kappa (k) statistics. Sensitivity and specificity of hrHPV detection in urine was calculated using cervical sampling as reference.Results: With the COBAS assay, urine showed good concordance to the cervico-vaginal (k=0.66) self-samples and cervical samples (k =0.66) for hrHPV detection. The corresponding concordance was moderate (k=0.59 and k=0.47) using CLART. Compared to cervical sampling, urinary hrHPV detection had a sensitivity of 63.9% and a specificity of 96.5% using COBAS; compared with 51.6% and 92.4% for CLART. Invalid hrHPV test rates were 1.8% for COBAS and 26.9% for CLART. Urine collection was well-accepted and 42.3% of the women ranked it as the most preferred future screening procedure.Conclusions: Urine collection provides a well-accepted screening option. With COBAS, higher concordance between urine and cervico-vaginal self-sampling and cervical sampling for hrHPV detection was found compared to CLART. Urinary hrHPV detection is feasible, but its accuracy may need to be improved before urine collection at home can be offered to non-participants reluctant to both cervical sampling and cervico-vaginal self-sampling.
Effect of sex on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a population-based study
Authors: Kang Seok Hui , Kim Sang Won , Park Jong Won , Do Jun Young , Cho Kyu Hyang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Previous studies have reported the association between sex and clinical outcomes; however, the most relevant results were obtained as part of analyses evaluating other prognostic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sex and clinical outcomes in patinets with COVID-19 using a population-based dataset.
Methods

This retrospective study utilized claims data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korea. Confirmed patients were included among all participants who underwent COVID-19 testing. Diseases including COVID-19 were defined using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). During follow-up, clinical outcomes except death were defined using Electronic Data Interchange or ICD-10 codes from the dataset.
Results

A total of 234,427 patients underwent laboratory testing for COVID-19. Finally, 7327 patients were included; of these, 2964 were men and 4363 were women. The proportions of patients with diabetes mellitus or hypertension as major comorbidities were higher among men than among women of the some age groups, but there were no significant differences in the Charlson comorbidity index score between men and women in same age group. Survival and clinical outcomes including acute kidney injury, the use of inotropes, mechanical ventilator, and cardiac events were greater in men than women. The mortality rate was the highest for the populations aged 50–64 or ≥ 65 years. Subgroup analyses for age, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension showed favorable results for patient survival or clinical outcomes in women compared to men.
Conclusion

Our population-based study showed that female patients with COVID-19 were associated with favorable outcomes, including survival. The impact of sex was more evident in population aged 50–64 or ≥ 65 years.