bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building and Applying a Human Rights-Based Model for Migrant Integration Policy
Authors: Murphy Clíodhna , Gilmartin Mary , Caulfield Leanne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe approach of public bodies towards migrant populations is often framed in terms of ‘migrant integration’. However, domestic integration policy and practice often come up short in terms of ensuring equal access to rights such as education, employment and housing for migrants. In this article, we discuss a variety of approaches to defining and measuring integration and, drawing on the concluding observations of a number of UN human rights treaty monitoring bodies, argue in favour of a model of integration based on international human rights law. Indicators derived from this model are used to assess the extent to which policymaking in the public sector in Ireland is informed by human rights. Finally, it is suggested that the methodology used in this study could be applied outside the sphere of immigration and integration to other areas of public policy which directly affect individuals’ human rights—from housing policy, to the provision of disability services, to early education and other important domains.
Dosimetric evaluation of the heart and left anterior descending artery dose in radiotherapy for Japanese patients with breast cancer
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Ono Kousei , Taniguchi Takuya , Makita Chiyoko , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has been used for breast cancer as well as in field-in-field techniques. Few dosimetric comparison studies have been conducted using IMRT and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for Japanese patients. We aimed to study such patients. Thirty-two patients with left-sided breast cancer were enrolled. We conducted the following five treatment plans: two field-static IMRT (2F-S-IMRT), four field-static IMRT (4F-S-IMRT), 40° dual partial arc VMAT (40d-VMAT), 80° dual partial arc VMAT (80d-VMAT) and 210° partial VMAT (210p-VMAT). We evaluated the following: level of coverage of planning target volume (PTV) of 95% for irradiation at a dose of 50 Gy (D95) and the percentage of the heart and left anterior descending artery (LAD) volume that received 10 Gy or more (V10). As a result, the coverage of 40d-VMAT for the prescribed PTV dose of D95 was significantly lower than that of the other treatment plans (P &lt; 0.05). Regarding heart V10 and LAD V10, 2F-S-IMRT, 40d-VMAT and 80d-VMAT showed significantly lower dose than the other treatment plans (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, among the five plans, 2F-S-IMRT is recommended for Japanese patients because of high coverage of D95 of PTV, low V10 of the heart and LAD and the monitor unit value was the lowest.
SHARP – VII. New constraints on the dark matter free-streaming properties and substructure abundance from gravitationally lensed quasars
Authors: Hsueh J-W , Enzi W , Vegetti S , Auger M W , Fassnacht C D , Despali G , Koopmans L V E , McKean J P 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of seven strongly gravitationally lensed quasars and the corresponding constraints on the properties of dark matter. Our results are derived by modelling the lensed image positions and flux-ratios using a combination of smooth macro-models and a population of low-mass haloes within the mass range of 106–109 M⊙. Our lens models explicitly include higher order complexity in the form of stellar discs and luminous satellites, as well as low-mass haloes located along the observed lines of sight for the first time. Assuming a cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology, we infer an average total mass fraction in substructure of $f_{\rm sub} = 0.012^{+0.007}_{-0.004}$ (68 per cent confidence limits), which is in agreement with the predictions from CDM hydrodynamical simulations to within 1σ. This result is closer to the predictions than those from previous studies that did not include line-of-sight haloes. Under the assumption of a thermal relic dark matter model, we derive a lower limit on the particle relic mass of mth &gt; 5.58 keV (95 per cent confidence limits), which is consistent with a value of mth &gt; 5.3 keV from the recent analysis of the Ly α forest. We also identify two main sources of possible systematic errors and conclude that deeper investigations in the complex structure of lens galaxies as well as the size of the background sources should be a priority for this field.
Investigating the planet–metallicity correlation for hot Jupiters
Authors: Osborn Ares , Bayliss Daniel 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the giant planet–metallicity correlation for a homogeneous, unbiased set of 217 hot Jupiters taken from nearly 15 yr of wide-field ground-based surveys. We compare the host star metallicity to that of field stars using the Besançon Galaxy model, allowing for a metallicity measurement offset between the two sets. We find that hot Jupiters preferentially orbit metal-rich stars. However, we find the correlation consistent, though marginally weaker, for hot Jupiters ($\beta =0.71^{+0.56}_{-0.34}$) than it is for other longer period gas giant planets from radial velocity surveys. This suggests that the population of hot Jupiters probably formed in a similar process to other gas giant planets, and differ only in their migration histories.
Numerically investigating the morphology of the supernova remnant SN 1006 in the ambient medium with a density discontinuity
Authors: Fang Jun , Yan Jingwen , Wen Lu , Lu Chunyan , Yu Huan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Multiband observations on the Type Ia supernova remnant SN 1006 indicate peculiar properties in its morphologies of emission in the radio, optical, and X-ray bands. In the hard X-rays, the remnant is bilateral with two opposite bright limbs with prominent protrusions. Moreover, a filament has been detected at the radio, optical, and soft X-ray wavelengths. The reason for these peculiar features in the morphologies of the remnant is investigated using 3D HD simulations. With the assumption that the supernova ejecta are evolved in the ambient medium with a density discontinuity, the radius of the remnant’s boundary is smaller in the tenuous medium, and the shell consists of two hemispheres with different radii. Along particular line of sights, protrusions appear on the periphery of the remnants since the emission from the edge of the hemisphere with a larger radius is located outside that from the shell of the small hemisphere. Furthermore, the north-west filament of SN 1006 arises as a result of the intersection of the line of sight and the shocked material near the edges of the two hemispheres. It can be concluded that the protrusions on the north-east and south-west limbs and the north-west filament in the morphologies of SN 1006 can be reproduced as the remnants interacting with the medium with a density discontinuity.
Revisiting the long term X-ray spectral evolution of Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: Weng Shan-Shan , Chen Ying , Wang Ting-Ting , Cai Zhen-Yi , Qiao Erlin , Liao Neng-Hui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Characterizing the long-term variability of AGNs is a key legacy of RXTE. We carry out a spectral analysis on a sample of 20 Seyfert 1 galaxies, which had been observed by the RXTE for at least 100 times. All 18,335 spectra are fitted in a uniform way using a power-law component plus an additional Gaussian line when necessary. For any source in our sample, we confirm that the spectrum softens or the photon index, Γ, increases with increasing the 2–10 keV luminosity, LX. However, different source holds distinct Γ − LX/LEdd relation, rather than a common one. We also fit the correlation with a function of Γ = C + β × log (flux), where C is a constant and parameter β is the slope of the correlation. In this way, the increase speed of the Γ − LX/LEdd relation can be depicted with the parameter β. Since our sample contains a large sample of long-term monitored sources, it allows us to explore the second order effect of spectral evolution. We find that there is an anti-correlation between β and the X-ray Eddington ratio, LX/LEdd. That is, the increasing tendency of Γ with increasing X-ray luminosity becomes slower when the source has a larger X-ray Eddington ratio. Our results may indicate changes in the geometry and/or the viscosity parameter of the accretion disc at different Eddington ratios.
Incidence of fractures in middle-aged individuals with early chronic kidney disease: a population-based analysis of CARTaGENE
Authors: Desbiens Louis-Charles , Goupil Rémi , Madore François , Mac-Way Fabrice 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous studies evaluating fractures in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have mostly focused on hip or major fractures in aged populations with moderate to advanced CKD. We aimed at evaluating the association between early CKD and fracture incidence at all sites across age and sex in middle-aged individuals.

Methods
We analyzed CARTaGENE, a prospective population-based survey of 40- to 69-year-old individuals from Quebec (Canada). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline was evaluated categorically or continuously using restricted cubic splines. Fractures at any site (except toes, hand and craniofacial) for up to 7 years of follow-up were identified through administrative databases using a validated algorithm. Adjusted Cox models were used to evaluate the association of CKD with fracture. Interaction terms for age and sex were also added.

Results
A total of 19 391 individuals (756 CKD Stage 3; 9114 Stage 2; 9521 non-CKD) were included and 829 fractures occurred during a median follow-up of 70 months. Compared with the median eGFR of 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, eGFRs of ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were associated with increased fracture incidence in unadjusted and adjusted models [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.05–1.49) for 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; 1.65 (1.14–2.37) for 45 mL/min/1.73 m2]. The eGFR was linearly associated with fracture incidence &lt;75 mL/min/1.73 m2 [HR = 1.18 (1.04–1.34) per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease] but not above [HR = 0.98 (0.91–1.06) per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease). The effect of decreased eGFR on fracture incidence was more pronounced in younger individuals [HR = 2.45 (1.28–4.67) at 45 years; 1.11 (0.73–1.67) at 65 years] and in men.

Conclusions
Even early CKD increases fracture incidence, especially in younger individuals and in men.
Outcome After Decompressive Craniectomy for Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: Timing of the Intervention
Authors: Goedemans Taco , Verbaan Dagmar , Coert Bert A , Kerklaan Bertjan , van den Berg René , Coutinho Jonathan M , van Middelaar Tessa , Nederkoorn Paul J , Vandertop W Peter , van den Munckhof Pepijn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical guidelines for the treatment of space-occupying hemispheric infarct employ age (≤60 yr) and time elapsed since stroke onset (≤48 h) as decisive criteria whether to perform decompressive craniectomy (DC). However, only few patients in these RCTs underwent DC after 48 h.

OBJECTIVE
To study the association between the timing of DC and (un)favorable outcome in patients with space-occupying middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct undergoing DC.

METHODS
We performed a single-center cohort study from 2007 to 2017. Unfavorable outcome at 1 yr was defined as a Glasgow outcome scale 1 to 3. Additionally, we systematically reviewed the literature up to November 2018, including studies reporting on the timing of DC and other predictors of outcome. We performed Firth penalized likelihood and random-effects meta-analysis with odds ratio (OR) on unfavorable outcome.

RESULTS
A total of 66 patients were enrolled. A total of 26 (39%) patients achieved favorable and 40 (61%) unfavorable outcomes (13 [20%] died). DC after 48 h since stroke diagnosis did not significantly increase the risk of unfavorable outcome (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.3-2.3). Also, in the meta-analysis, DC after 48 h of stroke onset was not associated with a higher risk of unfavorable outcome (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.89-1.38).

CONCLUSION
The outcome of DC performed after 48 h in patients with malignant MCA infarct was not worse than the outcome of DC performed within 48 h. Contrary to current guidelines, we, therefore, advocate not to set a restriction of ≤48 h on the time elapsed since stroke onset in the decision whether to perform DC.
Right Anterior Parasagittal Craniotomy and Interhemispheric Approach for Resection of a Falcontentorial Junction Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare lesions that occur along the midline at the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorium. When large, these lesions pose a surgical challenge because of the risk of neurologic deficits, including cortical blindness. Delicate structures at risk during resection of these lesions include the sagittal sinus, internal cerebral veins, vein of Galen, straight sinus, torcula, and fornix. Although there are a number of very reasonable approaches, including a supracerebellar infratentorial or occipital interhemispheric, we chose an anterior interhemispheric approach to provide the safest route for accessing the largest portion of the tumor while protecting the deep venous system.
After identification of the falcine attachment, the tumor is debulked within the tumor capsule. In this case, the tumor was subtotally removed because of the adherence of a small segment of tumor along the vein of Galen. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute.
Anterior Interhemispheric Transcallosal Approach for Thalamic Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This patient had a large left ventral thalamic cavernous malformation abutting the third ventricle with evidence of recent hemorrhage. The patient was placed supine with the head in the horizontal position with the dependent hemisphere down to permit use of the anterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach. The lateral ventricle is entered, and the septum pellucidum is opened to prevent it from obstructing the surgical field. The deep cavernous malformation is located with stereotactic neuronavigation and removed piecemeal with the aid of lighted suckers and bipolars. Surgical visualization and postoperative imaging demonstrate a complete resection of the lesion, and the patient remained neurologically stable postoperatively. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Dengue Epidemiology in a Brazilian Community
Authors: Mansho Wilson , Ferreira Fernando , Kakitani Iná , Azevedo Raymundo Soares , Amaku Marcos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDengue is a major vector-borne disease and has motivated health surveillance systems to implement various measures to control it. The epidemiological characterization of dengue occurrence in a community is an important step to foster control activities. We carried out an epidemiological study of the notified and confirmed cases of dengue, from 2000 to 2005, in Guarulhos, State of São Paulo, Brazil. A statistical analysis was performed to test the differences, by sex and age, between the database and the individuals of the population. We also performed a time series analysis of the cases from 2000 to 2007. No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between the proportions for each sex in the data base and in the city population, and in the categories of 15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years and 70-74 years when compared with the corresponding age intervals in the population. In the other age intervals, statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). We observed a cyclic variation in the dengue incidence, between 2000 and 2007, with an alternation of two years with a smaller number of cases (2000-2001 and 2004-2005) and two years with a larger number of cases (2002-2003 and 2006-2007). In the seasonality analysis, the number of cases between February and May was higher than the monthly average. Analyzing the spatial distribution of the cases, we observed the process of increasing endemicity of dengue.
Evidence linking atopy and staphylococcal superantigens to the pathogenesis of lymphomatoid papulosis, a recurrent CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder
Authors: Kadin Marshall E. , Hamilton Robert G. , Vonderheid Eric C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a self-healing CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD) with paradoxical histology of a malignant lymphoma. Case reports and small patient series suggest an association of LyP with atopy. However, the prevalence of atopy depends on patients’ recall which is not always reliable. More objective criteria of atopy include skin reactivity to allergens and IgE reactivity to allergens. This study was undertaken to determine if atopy is prevalent in LyP patients using IgE specific antibodies to aeroallergens, and if Staphylococcal aureus enterotoxins might be a pathogenic factors for LyP as proposed for other skin disorders.MethodsThirty-one samples of CD30CLPD were tested for total serum IgE (IgE-t) and 10 IgE- specific airborne allergens with the Phadiatop multiallergen test, which if positive, is regarded as evidence of atopy. Sera was tested for IgE reactive against three Staphylococcal enterotoxins with superantigenic properties (SSAg-IgE). Control sera were obtained from adult subjects evaluated for rhino-sinusitis and a negative Phadiatop test. Patients’ history of atopy was obtained by retrospective chart review.FindingsNearly 50% of patients with the most common LyP types had a positive Phadiatop test and IgE-t was increased compared to non-atopic controls. Seven of 28 (25%) LyP patients had at least one SSAg-IgE at the concentration used to define serologic atopy (≥ 0.35 kUa/L) compared to 3/52 (6%) controls (P= 0.028). TSST1-IgE was detected in 7 (23%) specimens of CD30CLPD, often together with SEB-IgE; SEA-IgE was not detected. TSST1-IgE exceeded the 0.35 kUa/L threshold in 3 (6%) controls.ConclusionsLyP patients have an increased prevalence of atopy as determined by the Phadiatop test and increased prevalence of SSAg-IgE compared to controls. Prevalence of serologic atopy exceeded that reported by patients’ medical history. The results support the hypothesis that an atopic diathesis and possibly SSAg contribute to the pathogenesis of LyP.SummaryContrary to patients’ recall of atopic disorders, IgE specific antibodies to aeroallergens, Staphylococcal aureus superantigens and total serum IgE are increased in patients with lymphomatoid papulosis.
Breaking Medical Data Sharing Boundaries by Employing Artificial Radiographs
Authors: Han Tianyu , Nebelung Sven , Haarburger Christoph , Horst Nicolas , Reinartz Sebastian , Merhof Dorit , Kiessling Fabian , Schulz Volkmar , Truhn Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change medicine fundamentally. Here, expert knowledge provided by AI can enhance diagnosis by comprehensive and user independent integration of multiple image features. Unfortunately, existing algorithms often stay behind expectations, as databases used for training are usually too small, incomplete, and heterogeneous in quality. Additionally, data protection constitutes a serious obstacle to data sharing. We propose to use generative models (GM) to produce high-resolution artificial radiographs, which are free of personal identifying information. Blinded analyses by computer vision and radiology experts proved the high similarity of artificial and real radiographs. The combination of multiple GM improves the performance of computer vision algorithms and the integration of artificial data into patient data repositories can compensate for underrepresented disease entities. Furthermore, the low computational effort of our method complies with existing IT infrastructure in hospitals and thus facilitates its dissemination. We envision that our approach could lead to scalable databases of anonymous medical images enabling standardized radiomic analyses at multiple sites.
Gli1+ mesenchymal stromal cells modulate epithelial metaplasia in lung fibrosis
Authors: Cassandras Monica , Wang Chaoqun , Kathiriya Jaymin , Tsukui Tatsuya , Matatia Peri , Matthay Michael , Wolters Paul , Molofsky Ari , Sheppard Dean , Chapman Hal , Peng Tien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrgan fibrosis is often accompanied by aberrant epithelial reprogramming, culminating in a transformed barrier composed of scar and metaplastic epithelium. Understanding how the scar promotes an abnormal epithelial response could better inform strategies to reverse the fibrotic damage. Here we show that Gli1+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), previously shown to contribute to myofibroblasts in the scar, promote metaplastic differentiation of airway progenitors into KRT5+ basal cells in vitro and in vivo. During fibrotic repair, Gli1+ MSCs integrate hedgehog activation to promote metaplastic KRT5 differentiation by upregulating BMP antagonism in the progenitor niche. Restoring the balance towards BMP activation attenuated metaplastic KRT5+ differentiation while promoting adaptive alveolar differentiation. Finally, fibrotic human lungs demonstrate altered BMP activation in the metaplastic epithelium. These findings show that Gli1+ MSCs integrate hedgehog signaling as a rheostat to control BMP activation in the progenitor niche to determine regenerative outcome in fibrosis.HighlightsGli1+ MSCs are required for metaplastic airway progenitor differentiation into KRT5+ basal cells.Hedgehog activation of MSCs promotes KRT5 differentiation of airway progenitors by suppressing BMP activation.Restoring BMP activation attenuates metaplastic KRT5 differentiationMetaplastic KRT5+ basal cells in human fibrotic lungs demonstrate altered BMP activation.
Selective K-ATP channel-dependent loss of pacemaking in vulnerable nigrostriatal dopamine neurons by α-synuclein aggregates
Authors: Thakur Poonam , Luk Kelvin , Roeper Jochen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParkinson disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is believed to be driven by toxic α-synuclein aggregates eventually resulting in selective loss of vulnerable neuron populations, prominent among them, nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons in the lateral substantia nigra (l-SN). How α-synuclein aggregates initiate a pathophysiological cascade selectively in vulnerable neurons is still unclear. Here, we show that the exposure to low nanomolar concentrations of α-synuclein aggregates (i.e. fibrils) but not its monomeric forms acutely and selectively disrupted the electrical pacemaker function of the DA subpopulation most vulnerable in PD. This implies that only dorsolateral striatum projecting l-SN DA neurons were electrically silenced by α-synuclein aggregates, while the activity of neither neighboring DA neurons in medial SN projecting to dorsomedial striatum nor mesolimbic DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were affected. Moreover, we demonstrate functional K-ATP channels comprised of Kir6.2 subunit in DA neurons to be necessary to mediate this acute pacemaker disruption by α-synuclein aggregates. Our study thus identifies a molecularly defined target that quickly translates the presence of α-synuclein aggregates into an immediate impairment of essential neuronal function. This constitutes a novel candidate process how a protein-aggregation-driven sequence in PD is initiated that might eventually lead to selective neurodegeneration.