bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Planar, Conjugated N4‐Macrocyclic Cobalt Complex for Heterogeneous Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with High Activity
Authors: Sun Libo , Huang Zhenfeng , Reddu Vikas , Su Tan , Fisher Adrian C. , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetal complexes have been widely investigated as promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Most of the current research efforts focus mainly on ligands based on pyrrole subunits, and the reported activities are still far from satisfactory. A novel planar and conjugated N4‐macrocyclic cobalt complex (Co(II)CPY) derived from phenanthroline subunits is prepared herein, and it delivers high activity for heterogeneous CO2 electrocatalysis to CO in aqueous media, and outperforms most of the metal complexes reported so far. At a molar loading of 5.93×10−8 mol cm−2, it exhibits a Faradaic efficiency of 96 % and a turnover frequency of 9.59 s−1 towards CO at −0.70 V vs. RHE. The unraveling of electronic structural features suggests that a synergistic effect between the ligand and cobalt in Co(II)CPY plays a critical role in boosting its activity. As a result, the free energy difference for the formation of *COOH is lower than that with cobalt porphyrin, thus leading to enhanced CO production.
Can an Elusive Platinum(III) Oxidation State be Exposed in an Isolated Complex?
Authors: Corinti Davide , Frison Gilles , Chiavarino Barbara , Gabano Elisabetta , Osella Domenico , Crestoni Maria Elisa , Fornarini Simonetta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlatinum(IV) complexes are extensively studied for their activity against cancer cells as potential substitutes for the widely used platinum(II) drugs. PtIV complexes are kinetically inert and need to be reduced to PtII species to play their pharmacological action, thus acting as prodrugs. The mechanism of the reduction step inside the cell is however still largely unknown. Gas‐phase activation of deprotonated platinum(IV) prodrugs was found to generate products in which platinum has a formal +3 oxidation state. IR multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy is thus used to obtain structural information helping to define the nature of both the platinum atom and the ligands. In particular, comparison of calculations at DFT, MP2 and CCSD levels with experimental results demonstrates that the localization of the radical is about equally shared between the dxz orbital of platinum and the pz of nitrogen on the amino group, the latter acting as a non‐innocent ligand.
PST‐24: A Zeolite with Varying Intracrystalline Channel Dimensionality
Authors: Jo Donghui , Zhao Jingjing , Cho Jung , Lee Jeong Hwan , Liu Yang , Liu Chang‐jun , Zou Xiaodong , Hong Suk Bong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis, structure solution, and catalytic properties of PST‐24, a novel channel‐based medium‐pore zeolite. This zeolite was synthesized via the excess fluoride approach. Electron diffraction shows that its structure is built by composite cas‐zigzag (cas‐zz) building chains, which are connected by double 5‐ring (d5r) columns. While the cas‐zz building chains are ordered in the PST‐24 framework, the d5r columns adopt one of two possible arrangements; the two adjacent d5r columns are either at the same height or at different heights, denoted arrangements S and D, which can be regarded as open and closed valves that connect the channels, respectively. A framework with arrangement D only has a 2D 10‐ring channel system, whereas that with arrangement S only contains 3D channels. In actual PST‐24 crystals, the open and closed valves are almost randomly dispersed to yield a zeolite framework where the channel dimensionality varies locally from 2D to 3D.
Templated‐Assembly of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals into 2D Photonic Supercrystals with Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Vila‐Liarte David , Feil Maximilian W. , Manzi Aurora , Garcia‐Pomar Juan Luis , Huang He , Döblinger Markus , Liz‐Marzán Luis M , Feldmann Jochen , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Mihi Agustín 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have revolutionized optoelectronic devices because of their versatile optical properties. However, controlling and extending these functionalities often requires a light‐management strategy involving additional processing steps. Herein, we introduce a simple approach to shape perovskite nanocrystals (NC) into photonic architectures that provide light management by directly shaping the active material. Pre‐patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) templates are used for the template‐induced self‐assembly of 10 nm CsPbBr3 perovskite NC colloids into large area (1 cm2) 2D photonic crystals with tunable lattice spacing, ranging from 400 nm up to several microns. The photonic crystal arrangement facilitates efficient light coupling to the nanocrystal layer, thereby increasing the electric field intensity within the perovskite film. As a result, CsPbBr3 2D photonic crystals show amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) under lower optical excitation fluences in the near‐IR, in contrast to equivalent flat NC films prepared using the same colloidal ink. This improvement is attributed to the enhanced multi‐photon absorption caused by light trapping in the photonic crystal.
Rabies Virus‐Inspired Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Targeted Imaging and Chemotherapy of Glioma
Authors: Qiao Chaoqiang , Zhang Ruili , Wang Yongdong , Jia Qian , Wang Xiaofei , Yang Zuo , Xue Tengfei , Ji Renchuan , Cui Xiufang , Wang Zhongliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts access to the brain of more than 98 % of therapeutic agents and is largely responsible for treatment failure of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Therefore, it is of great importance to develop a safe and efficient strategy for more effective drug delivery across the BBB into the brain. Inspired by the extraordinary capability of rabies virus (RABV) to enter the central nervous system, we report the development and evaluation of the metal–organic framework‐based nanocarrier MILB@LR, which closely mimicked both the bullet‐shape structure and surface functions of natural RABV. MILB@LR benefited from a more comprehensive RABV‐mimic strategy than mimicking individual features of RABV and exhibited significantly enhanced BBB penetration and brain tumor targeting. MILB@LR also displayed superior inhibition of tumor growth when loaded with oxaliplatin. The results demonstrated that MILB@LR may be valuable for GBM targeting and treatment.
Robust decentralized proportional–integral controller design for an activated sludge process
Authors: Anchan Sanjith S. , Rao Chinta Sankar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a decentralized proportional–integral (PI) controller for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The aeration rate and the return recycle sludge rate are manipulated inputs to the WWTP process, while substrate and biomass concentration are considered as the output variables. The study is divided into two segments: A decentralized controller is designed based on the best pairing in the first segment, and in the second segment, a decoupler is developed to reduce the interactions. Decouplers are generally used to create independent loops in the multivariable control loops. Each decoupled subsystem is converted to first order plus time delay (FOPTD) model using a system identification toolbox to design independent diagonal controllers. The numerical simulations have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the presented methods. Furthermore, a robustness study has also been carried out by taking into account multiplicative input and output uncertainties, and it is found that the controller designed based on minimizing the integral of absolute error (IAE) criteria shows more robust.
Preparation of graded microporous layers for enhanced water management in fuel cells
Authors: Lin Guangyi , Liu Shouyi , Yu Boquan , Wang Hong , Yu Kaiben , Hu Yafei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe newly prepared gas diffusion layer (GDL) was studied in this article. The new GDL mainly includes a carbon paper layer and two microporous layers (MPLs) on the same side of carbon paper. The two MPLs were fabricated by using conductive carbon blacks of two different carbon morphology, Vulcan XC‐72, and acetylene black carbon, respectively. From the results of the water contact angle and conductivity, it was found that the GDL prepared by spraying has not only good hydrophobicity but also low resistivity. Polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the spraying sequence of two different carbon black pastes seriously affects the fuel cell performance, and the mercury intrusion test proved that the change in the fuel cell performance is due to the change in the pore‐size distribution of the newly prepared GDL. By comparing with commercial GDL29BC, the GDL first sprayed with a layer of acetylene black carbon and then a layer of Vulcan XC‐72 has more pore size of 7–20 μm and 20–100 μm to improve the water and gas management capability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. When the humidity is 60%, the maximum power density is increased by 25%, and when the humidity is 100%, it is increased by 12%.
Applying machine learning to investigate long‐term insect–plant interactions preserved on digitized herbarium specimens
Authors: Meineke Emily K. , Tomasi Carlo , Yuan Song , Pryer Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2020

PremiseDespite the economic significance of insect damage to plants (i.e., herbivory), long‐term data documenting changes in herbivory are limited. Millions of pressed plant specimens are now available online and can be used to collect big data on plant–insect interactions during the Anthropocene.MethodsWe initiated development of machine learning methods to automate extraction of herbivory data from herbarium specimens by training an insect damage detector and a damage type classifier on two distantly related plant species (Quercus bicolor and Onoclea sensibilis). We experimented with (1) classifying six types of herbivory and two control categories of undamaged leaf, and (2) detecting two of the damage categories for which several hundred annotations were available.ResultsDamage detection results were mixed, with a mean average precision of 45% in the simultaneous detection and classification of two types of damage. However, damage classification on hand‐drawn boxes identified the correct type of herbivory 81.5% of the time in eight categories. The damage classifier was accurate for categories with 100 or more test samples.DiscussionThese tools are a promising first step for the automation of herbivory data collection. We describe ongoing efforts to increase the accuracy of these models, allowing researchers to extract similar data and apply them to biological hypotheses.
Effects of freshwater limitation on distribution patterns and habitat use of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, in the northern Brazilian coast
Authors: Favero Iana Tavares , Favero Gabriel Eduardo , Choi‐Lima Katherine Fiedler , dos Santos Heleno Francisco , Souza‐Alves João Pedro , de Souza e Silva Josenildo , Feitosa João Lucas Leão 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is a Vulnerable species threatened by habitat loss in the coast of north‐eastern Brazil. This study investigates how the distribution and habitat use of the West Indian manatee is influenced by resource availability in a scenario of freshwater limitation.
Land‐based and boat surveys were conducted to record manatee sightings and habitat use, in a total of 206 hours of observation.
Manatee abundance was significantly influenced by freshwater availability, with greater abundances occurring close to freshwater sources. Food availability and the variation in freshwater availability between seasons were also important to determine their distribution. For the 47 manatees sighted, 39 were recorded during the rainy season and eight during the dry season.
Habitat use was influenced by freshwater sources and manatees spent more time (average coefficient of area use = 24.96%) in areas with greater availability of fresh water. Under conditions of freshwater limitation, manatees were more abundant and spent more time closer to fresh water than to food sources; as a result, animals' distribution varied between seasons.
The results found here can help to determine conservation strategies for the region with the highest population density and genetic variability of West Indian manatees in Brazil.
Poly(siloxane imide) Binder for Silicon‐Based Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes via Rigidness/Softness Coupling
Authors: Ma Liujia , Meng Jian‐Qiang , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Ji Qing , Zuo Xiuxia , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhu Jin , Xia Yonggao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBinders play a crucial role in maintaining mechanical integrity of electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries. However, the conventional binders lack proper elasticity, and they are not suitable for high‐performance silicon anodes featuring huge volume change during cycling. Herein, a poly(siloxane imide) copolymer (PSI) has been designed, synthesized, and utilized as a binder for silicon‐based anodes. A rigidness/softness coupling mechanism is demonstrated by the PSI binder, which can accommodate volume expansion of the silicon anode upon lithiation. The electrochemical performance in terms of cyclic stability and rate capability can be effectively improved with the PSI binder as demonstrated by a silicon nanoparticle anode.
Causal mediation analysis in nested case‐control studies using conditional logistic regression
Authors: Kim Young Min , Cologne John B. , Jang Euna , Lange Theis , Tatsukawa Yoshimi , Ohishi Waka , Utada Mai , Cullings Harry M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper proposes an approach to causal mediation analysis in nested case‐control study designs, often incorporated with countermatching schemes using conditional likelihood, and we compare the method's performance to that of mediation analysis using the Cox model for the full cohort with a continuous or dichotomous mediator. Simulation studies are conducted to assess our proposed method and investigate the efficiency relative to the cohort. We illustrate the method using actual data from two studies of potential mediation of radiation risk conducted within the Adult Health Study cohort of atomic‐bomb survivors. The performance becomes comparable to that based on the full cohort, illustrating the potential for valid mediation analysis based on the reduced data obtained through the nested case‐control design.
Preparation and luminescence properties of Gd2(MoO4)3:Eu3+ red phosphors with high colour purity
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Xigui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGd2(MoO4)3:Eu3+ red phosphors assigned to different crystal systems were prepared using a sol–gel method with ammonium molybdate, Gd2O3, and Eu2O3 as starting materials. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that when annealing temperature was 700°C or 800°C, Eu3+ doping concentration was the main factor affecting sample structure. When the Eu3+ doping concentration was 0–2.00 mol%, samples had a monoclinic structure, but when the Eu3+ doping concentration was increased to 4.00–10.00 mol%, the samples changed to a mixed crystal structure (with existence of both monoclinic and orthorhombic structures). When the annealing temperature was increased to 900°C, annealing temperature became the main factor affecting sample structure, that is sample structure did not change with change in Eu3+ doping concentration, and all samples could be assigned to the orthorhombic system. Change in structure also affected the luminescence properties of the samples. Gd2(MoO4)3:Eu3+ phosphors with different crystal systems could be effectively excited by blue light (466 nm wavelength); red light at 614 nm wavelength gave better colour purity and color stability, corresponding to the Eu3+5D0→7F2 transition. Finally, when Eu3+ concentration was 0.02 mol, the luminescence intensity of the orthorhombic system was higher than that of the monoclinic system; when the concentration was 0.04 mol, the luminescence intensity of the mixed system was almost the same as that of the orthorhombic system.
Effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on brain functioning in never‐smoking adolescents
Authors: Dieleman Joyce , Kleinjan Marloes , Otten Roy , van Schie Hein T. , Heuvelmans Vivian , Luijten Maartje 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionBrain functioning, as indexed by event‐related potentials (ERPs) representing smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing, has been found to be compromised in smokers. However, whether environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in never smokers results in similar brain changes is unknown. This question is particularly relevant during adolescence, given ongoing brain maturation and a high risk of smoking initiation. The present study tested the associations between ETS exposure and ERPs reflecting cue reactivity (P3, LPP), inhibitory control (N2, P3), and reward processing (anticipation P3 (P3), feedback‐related negativity (FRN)) among never‐smoking adolescents.MethodsEighty‐four never‐smoking adolescents (nonexposed = 32, exposed = 52) performed a smoking cue reactivity, a Go/NoGo, and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task while ERPs were measured.ResultsExposed and nonexposed groups did not differ in ERPs reflecting smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing. A negative correlation between ETS exposure and the anticipatory P3 suggests reduced anticipatory reward sensitivity for nondrug rewards with increased levels of ETS exposure. However, since this effect was not consistent across analyses, no strong conclusions can be formulated. In the current study, few participants reported high levels of ETS exposure; therefore, further study is necessary.ConclusionsNevertheless, from this study, it can be concluded that low‐to‐moderate exposure to ETS during adolescence does not result in functional brain changes related to smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing.
Fetal eye movements in response to a visual stimulus
Authors: Donovan Tim , Dunn Kirsty , Penman Amy , Young Robert J. , Reid Vincent M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn 2D ultrasound, the lens of the fetal eye can be distinguished as white circles within the hypoechoic eyeball, and eye movements can be visualized from about 15 weeks' gestation. It has been shown that from 31 weeks gestational age the fetal sensory system is capable of directed vision if enough light is available.MethodsWe have developed a light source for delivering visual stimuli to be seen by the fetal eye, using laser dot diodes emitting at 650 nm. The 2D component of 94 fetal ultrasound scans (mean gestational age 240 days), where the light stimulus was presented, was coded to determine whether the eyes moved in response to the stimuli independent of any head movement.ResultsThe light stimulus significantly provoked head and eye movements, but after the light was withdrawn the head stopped moving, yet the eyes continued to move.ConclusionThis provides evidence for visual attention mechanisms that can be controlled through eye movements that are independent of head movements prior to birth.
Tescalcin is an unfavorable prognosis factor that regulats cell proliferation and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhou Zhong‐Guo , Chen Jin‐Bin , Zhang Rong‐Xin , Ye Ling , Wang Jun‐Cheng , Pan Yang‐Xun , Wang Xiao‐Hui , Li Wen‐Xuan , Zhang Yao‐Jun , Xu Li , Chen Min‐Shan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem and a primary cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Although great advances have achieved recently by large‐scale high‐throughput analysis, the precise molecular mechanism underlying HCC progression remains to be clearly elucidated. We investigated the relationship between Tescalcin (TESC), a candidate oncogene, and clinicopathological features of HCC patients and explored the role of TECS in HCC development.MethodsTo identify new genes involved in HCC development, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas liver cancer database, and TESC was selected for further investigation. HCC tissue microarray analysis for TESC and its association with clinicopathological features were performed to investigate its clinical significance. TESC was knocked down by using short‐hairpin RNAs. Cell proliferation was analyzed by WST‐1 assay and cell counting. Cell apoptosis was tested by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice was established to determine the in vivo function of TESC. Affymetrix microarray was used to identify its molecular mechanism.ResultsTESC was significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal liver tissues. High expression of TESC was detected in 61 of 172 HCC patients by tissue microarray. Large tumor (> 5 cm) and elevated total bilirubin were associated with high TESC expression (both P < 0.050). In multivariate analysis, TESC was identified as an independent prognostic factor for short overall survival of HCC patients. TESC knockdown impaired HCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. TESC knockdown significantly increased cell apoptosis in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, Affymetrix microarray analysis revealed that TESC knockdown inhibited tumor proliferation‐related pathways while activated cell death‐related pathways.ConclusionTESC was identified as an independent prognostic factor for short overall survival of HCC patients, and was critical for HCC cell proliferation and survival.
Addressing food waste: How to position upcycled foods to different generations
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Ye Hongjun , Bhatt Siddharth , Jeong Haeyoung , Deutsch Jonathan , Ayaz Hasan , Suri Rajneesh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFood waste is a global crisis that paradoxically exists alongside food scarcity. A promising solution to these connected problems of food insecurity and food waste is upcycled foods. Upcycled foods are made from ingredients that are usable but generally discarded. While upcycled foods can help reduce food waste, little is known about the best market strategy for these foods. This research investigates how consumers from different generations perceive upcycled foods. Our findings show that Gen Z, Gen Y, and Baby Boomers have higher intentions to purchase upcycled foods while Gen X shows lower intentions to purchase because of quality concerns. The present research also explores lifestyle patterns of each generation. Based on lifestyle analyses, positioning strategies for upcycled foods are proposed.