bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional Invasive Techniques in Scar Management
Authors: de Bakker E. , van Leeuwen M. C. E. , Meijer O. W. M. , Niessen F. B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRadiation therapy is a last resort option for recurring and therapy-resistant keloid scars. It represents a significant burden to the patient and both financially and logistically to the healthcare system. Radiation therapy yields excellent results, both functionally and aesthetically and in low recurrence rates. An efficacious treatment protocol consists of excision of the entire keloid, followed by rapid administration of the first radiation dose. The most commonly used techniques are external radiation, low-dose-rate brachytherapy, and high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy is associated with fewer side effects and a lower recurrence rate in comparison with external radiation. The use of high-dose-rate brachytherapy is more convenient because it allows an outpatient setting and prevents unnecessary radiation damage to the surrounding tissue. Although more research is needed, a biological effective dose (BED) of 20–30 Gy, for example, 2 × 6 Gy, seems sufficient for most cases. The most commonly seen complications are erythema, temporary and permanent pigmentation disturbances, and telangiectasia. Although it is necessary to mention the risk of inducing secondary malignancy in the treated area, only a few cases have been described, out of which none were caused by brachytherapy.
Specific Attention Areas in Scar Management: Specific Scar Management Depending on Anatomical Features (Face, Hair, Breast, Hand, Joints, Foot)
Authors: Poetschke Julian , Gauglitz Gerd G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile scarring in general can prove difficult to treat satisfactorily for physicians, specific locations of scarring can make this task even more difficult. Scarring on the scalp can result in alopecia which, especially in women and children, can be extremely stigmatizing. On the face and chest, scars lead to severe aesthetic impairments and commonly result in significantly reduced quality of life. If the hands, feet, or large joints are affected by severe scarring, functional problems can arise that, if most severe, put their self-reliance throughout their daily lives at risk. Therefore, finding solutions for such scarring is imperative.Finding the right technique to address a specific scar requires analysis of the problem. If scars are contracted, scar releases through local flaps (Z-plasty, W-plasty, and others) are common procedures. In widespread instable scars, large areas of tissue can be replaced by dermal substitutes and split-thickness skin grafting and full-thickness skin grafting or through the use of free tissue flaps. Additionally, fractional lasers provide the opportunity to soften scarred skin and to ameliorate the often irregular surface texture of such scars. For the treatment of problematic areas, combining different treatment options with regard to the individual requirements of the scar will commonly yield satisfactory results. Care should be taken to incorporate physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and conservative scar treatment paradigms to prevent future scarring in treated areas and to improve and conserve the reconstituted function in scarred areas.
Management of Scars in Skin of Color
Authors: Tchero Huidi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKeloids and hypertrophic scars are abnormal scars, produced by an odd wound-healing response to trauma with a higher incidence in pigmented skin patients. They could be painful or itchy, producing functional and/or cosmetic disability. This chapter focuses on defining scars especially in pigmented skin and the different methods for treating keloids that have been investigated in the literature. Up to the present time, the ideal treatment method has not been defined, although numerous modalities have been designated. We will represent the variances among different scar types and their management methods, concentrating on their indications, modes of action, uses, safety, and efficiency of the following therapies: intralesional steroid, injections of silicone gel/sheet, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, electrical stimulation, surgical excision and adjuvant therapy, and cryosurgery. Combination therapies have also shown some value. Still, there is a shortage of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating such treatment modalities. Management of scar in pigmented (colored) skin is clinically challenging. Therefore, strategic assessment and targeted therapy with focus on deterring recurrence are most needed. The quality of evidence is crucial to select efficient treatments for patients with colored skin, presenting with keloid.
Makeup Therapy for Scars
Authors: Nonni Joëlle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBecause we live in a society that is very much concerned with physical appearance, looking as good as possible has become everyone’s main goal. Consequently, unsightly skin imperfections can have a dramatic and highly negative impact on a patient’s personal, social, or working life.Medical makeup thus represents an alternative solution, helping patients to regain their self-confidence, particularly in the case of visible dermatoses, scars, and burns, whether permanent or temporary.
Emerging Technologies in Scar Management: The Role of Allogeneic Cells
Authors: Ganier Clarisse , Gaucher Sonia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScars caused by burns, chronic ulcers from diabetes, infections, skin cancer surgery, and other genetic or somatic disease could require effective treatment to avoid functional and psychological troubles and even mortality. Most of the current treatments aim to reduce local inflammation but not to prevent scarring. Herein, we discussed about emerging technologies in scar management using allogeneic cell therapy. The industrialised allogeneic cell therapy products and the clinical trials using keratinocytes, fibroblasts or MSCs demonstrated acceleration of skin cell migration and proliferation, control wound scarring, immunomodulatory properties and improved angiogenesis. In addition, allogeneic cell transplants offered the possibility of large pre-fabrication, cryo-preservation, for instantaneous use and repeated applications. Current research exploring allogeneic cell therapies for scar treatment are focusing on grafting of epidermal sheets, cellular dermal substitutes and reconstructed skin equivalent and cell intradermal injections. Advances in knowledge in therapeutic potentials of allogeneic injected cells give rise to new therapeutic approaches such as administration of allogeneic cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
Clinical Case Reports: Scar Prevention by Laser Treatment in Mastopexy With Implant
Authors: Hunsinger Vincent , Lhuaire Martin , Dagher Ibrahim , Lantieri Laurent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, Vincent Hunsinger, MD, former chief of clinic in the department of Professor Lantieri at Georges Pompidou European Hospital in Paris and in post-bariatric silhouette surgery after massive weight loss under the direction of Professor Ibrahim Dagher (Hospital Antoine Beclère, Clamart, France) presents a technique of improvement of postoperative scars by the use of an automated 1210 nm diode laser system (UrgoTouch®). The interest of this technique is to limit/prevent postoperative hypertrophy and scar enlargement.
Burn Hypertrophic Scar in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Case
Authors: Vinaik Roohi , Fish Joel , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent improvements in burn care have resulted in greater patient survival of severe burns. With improved survival, treatment of the resulting permanent burn hypertrophic scars requires extensive care. Hypertrophic scarring occurs due to aberrations in the normal healing process, resulting in excessive inflammation and collagen deposition at the site of injury. These scars are accompanied by symptoms such as pain, pruritus, erythema, and limited mobility. The high scar prevalence in pediatric patients and accompanying physical, psychological, and social burden warrant a better understanding of the possible treatment options. Currently, several therapeutic strategies exist for hypertrophic scar management in the pediatric patient, although none are completely effective. Recently, laser therapy has emerged as a potential therapy for symptomatic relief and scar modulation. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of treatment options for hypertrophic scars in the pediatric population. In addition, we discuss a clinical case, outlining the potential merits of addition of laser therapy and surgical revision for the treatment of hypertrophic scars.
Introduction to Internal Crowdsourcing: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Applications
Authors: Ulbrich Hannah , Wedel Marco , Dienel Hans-Liudger 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe research landscape in the area of forecasting and assessing working conditions has become increasingly difficult to understand. There are plenty of identified reasons, drivers and catchwords to describe a systemic transformation. Individual- and subject-specific approaches to describe and understand the changes to work are being developed in almost every scientific discipline, as well as by (economic) associations and actors in the sociopolitical spheres. Despite all complexity and contradictions, ‘digitalization’ seems to be one focal point when it comes to identifying independent variables to explain the ‘future of work’. The corresponding discussions, analyses, recommendations and scenarios can be found under the well-known headings ‘Work 4.0’, ‘Industry 4.0’, ‘Education 4.0’, ‘Society 4.0’, etc. In addition to systemic descriptions, oftentimes dominated by economics and business management approaches, there are changing individual, subject-inherent perceptual understandings indicating a change in social values with regard to work and its function. Ultimately, for the majority of the population and the (welfare) state, work remains the necessary prerequisite for financially securing their livelihoods.
Design of a Process and Role Model for Internal Crowdsourcing
Authors: Ulbrich Hannah , Wedel Marco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe successful implementation of internal crowdsourcing (IC) in a company requires a precise description and definition of the personnel responsibilities for the various process levels and process components within each process phase of IC. As part of the research project ‘ICU—Internal Crowdsourcing in Companies’, we have developed a new role model for internal crowdsourcing based on a practical application of IC in the company GASAG AG, an energy provider located in Berlin, Germany. The aim of this article is to present the main features of this role model (Some aspects of this article will also be published in German. Please be referred to Daum, M., Wedel, M., Zinke-Wehlmann, C., Ulbrich, H. (ed.) (2020): Gestaltung vernetzt-flexibler Arbeit. Beiträge aus Theorie und Praxis für die digitale Arbeitswelt. Berlin: Springer Vieweg). It is based on the roles of the agile model of Scrum, because partial aspects of the internal crowdsourcing process and certain process steering tasks have similarities with the procedure and task descriptions of Scrum. Scrum, as a mature and practice-proven set of rules with role descriptions, rules, events and artefacts, provides helpful implications for the design of an internal crowdsourcing role model as we will prove in further detail.
An Empirical Analysis of an Internal Crowdsourcing Platform: IT Implications for Improving Employee Participation
Authors: Iskender Neslihan , Polzehl Tim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCrowdsourcing has become one of the main resources for working on so-called microtasks that require human intelligence to solve tasks that computers cannot yet solve and to connect to external knowledge and expertise. Instead of using external crowds, several organizations have increasingly been using their employees as a crowd, with the aim of exploiting employee’s potentials, mobilizing unused technical and personal experience and including personal skills for innovation or product enhancement. However, understanding the dynamics of this new way of digital co-working from the technical point of view plays a vital role in the success of internal crowdsourcing, and, to our knowledge, no study has yet empirically investigated the relationship between the technical features and participation in internal crowdsourcing. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide a guideline for organizations and employers from the perspective of the technical design of internal crowdsourcing, specifically regarding issues of data protection privacy and security concerns as well as task type, design, duration and participation time based on the empirical findings of an internal crowdsourcing platform.
Introduction: Provincialising the Rise of the British Novel in the Transatlantic Public Sphere
Authors: Haschemi Yekani Elahe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the introduction to Familial Feeling, Haschemi Yekani proposes a transatlantic reframing of Ian Watt’s famous work on the rise of the novel. Offering a critical overview of the intertwined histories of enslavement and modernity, this chapter proposes a focus on transatlantic entanglement already in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century to challenge the more prevalent retrospective paradigm of “writing back” in postcolonial studies. Introducing the concepts of familial feeling and entangled tonalities, Haschemi Yekani describes the affective dimension of literature that shapes notions of national belonging. This is then discussed in the book in relation to the four entangled aesthetic tonalities of familial feeling in early Black Atlantic writing and canonical British novels by Daniel Defoe, Olaudah Equiano, Ignatius Sancho, Laurence Sterne, Jane Austen, Robert Wedderburn, Charles Dickens, and Mary Seacole. To provide context for the following literary readings, scholarship on sentimentalism and the abolition of slavery is introduced and significantly extended, especially in relation to the shifts from moral sentiment and the abolition of the slave trade in the eighteenth century to social reform and the rise of the new imperialism and colonial expansion in the nineteenth century.
Conclusion
Authors: Anderson Colin Ray , Bruil Janneke , Chappell M. Jahi , Kiss Csilla , Pimbert Michel Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe final chapter concludes the book by summarizing our arguments and the urgency of agroecology transformations.As the world’s crises exacerbate inequity and fuel the erosion of the ecological basis of the world, the urgent need for transformative change is palpable. Agroecology responds to this call for change. Our formulation of agroecological transformation reflects not one grand theory of change but a recognition of a co-evolutionary and adaptive approach. It also underpins the importance of collective action, social movements and solidarity networks as a means of building and amplifying political power and community agency to advance agroecology transformations.
Profili costituzionali della tutela dei diritti sui beni immateriali
Authors: Pagliarin Carola 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungCome è noto, nella nostra Costituzione non si rinvengono norme dedicate in modo espresso alla tutela dei diritti sui beni immateriali o della proprietà intellettuale. Non si sono, dunque, seguiti precedenti illustri, come la Costituzione americana del 1787.
Der europäische Deliktsgerichtsstand und die gewerblichen Schutzrechte
Authors: Kindler Peter 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie internationale Durchsetzung von gewerblichen Schutzrechten in der EU hängt prozessual vor allem davon ab, ob für Klagen aus der Verletzung geistigen Eigentums ein Deliktsgerichtsstand nach Art. 7 Nr. 2 Brüssel Ia-VO eröffnet ist. Daran hat der Inhaber des Immaterialgüterrechts ein erhebliches Interesse, wird doch der deliktische Erfolgsort regelmäßig in seinem Sitzstaat liegen. Die Anerkennung und Vollstreckung des Urteils im Sitzstaat des Gegners ist meist gesichert (Art. 35 ff. Brüssel Ia-VO). Ein Prozess vor den Gerichten des Staats, in dem der mutmaßliche Verletzer ansässig ist (Art. 4 Brüssel Ia-VO), liegt daher nicht unbedingt im Interesse des Rechteinhabers – dies auch im Hinblick auf die Vermeidung des höheren Zeit- und Kostenaufwands, der mit Auslandsprozessen verbunden ist. Der nachfolgende Beitrag zeigt jüngste Tendenzen in der einschlägigen Rechtsprechung auf.
Das Schutzlandprinzip als Grundlage für die Behandlung von grenzüberschreitenden Schadensersatzansprüchen aus der Verletzung geistigen Eigentums
Authors: Laimer Simon 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungWeist ein immaterialgüterrechtlicher Sachverhalt grenzüberschreitende Bezüge, mithin Verbindungen zu mehr als einer Rechtsordnung auf, dann ist das darauf anzuwendende nationale Recht nach dem Internationalen Privatrecht des angerufenen Gerichts zu ermitteln. Vom Immaterialgüterrechtsstatut, mithin dem Recht, das den Bestand, Inhalt und Schutz von geistigen Eigentumsrechten regelt, ist allerdings das – aus der Sicht EU-mitgliedstaatlicher Gerichte von der Rom I-Verordnung, in der Schweiz von Art. 122 IPRG erfasste – Statut immaterialgüterrechtlicher Verträge zu unterscheiden, das die schuldrechtlichen Beziehungen zwischen den Vertragsparteien beherrscht. In diesem Beitrag, der das Unions-IPR in den Mittelpunkt stellt und einen vergleichenden Blick auf das schweizerische Kollisionsrecht wirft, soll es allein um die kollisionsrechtliche Anknüpfung von außervertraglichen Schuldverhältnissen gehen, die aus einer Verletzung von Rechten des geistigen Eigentums entstehen (Schutzstatut).
Intoxication of mammalian cells with binary clostridial enterotoxins is inhibited by the combination of pharmacological chaperone inhibitors
Authors: Ernst Katharina , Sailer Judith , Braune Maria , Barth Holger 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBinary enterotoxins Clostridioides difficile CDT toxin, Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, and Clostridium perfringens iota toxin consist of two separate protein components. The B-components facilitate receptor-mediated uptake into mammalian cells and form pores into endosomal membranes through which the enzymatic active A-components translocate into the cytosol. Here, the A-components ADP-ribosylate G-actin which leads to F-actin depolymerization followed by rounding of cells which causes clinical symptoms. The protein folding helper enzymes Hsp90, Hsp70, and peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases of the cyclophilin (Cyp) and FK506 binding protein (FKBP) families are required for translocation of A-components of CDT, C2, and iota toxins from endosomes to the cytosol. Here, we demonstrated that simultaneous inhibition of these folding helpers by specific pharmacological inhibitors protects mammalian, including human, cells from intoxication with CDT, C2, and iota toxins, and that the inhibitor combination displayed an enhanced effect compared to application of the individual inhibitors. Moreover, combination of inhibitors allowed a concentration reduction of the individual compounds as well as decreasing of the incubation time with inhibitors to achieve a protective effect. These results potentially have implications for possible future therapeutic applications to relieve clinical symptoms caused by bacterial toxins that depend on Hsp90, Hsp70, Cyps, and FKBPs for their membrane translocation into the cytosol of target cells.
Neue Aspekte zur Histopathologie bei Hautinfektionen
Authors: Böer-Auer Almut 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei entzündlichen Hautinfiltraten ist grundsätzlich immer auch an eine erregerbedingte Genese zu denken. Während einige Erreger bereits in der Hämatoxylin-Eosin-Färbung gut sichtbar sind (z. B. Hefepilze, Leishmanien), stehen für andere histochemische und immunhistochemische Färbungen zur Verfügung.

Fragestellung
Bei fehlendem Erregernachweis kann eine Infektionserkrankung am Schnittpräparat oft nicht sicher diagnostiziert werden, jedoch kann das Infiltratmuster („pattern“) eine erregerbedingte Genese nahelegen. Es soll auf neue oder noch wenig bekannte Reaktionsmuster und auf differenzialdiagnostische Schwierigkeiten aufmerksam gemacht werden.

Material und Methoden
Selektiver Literaturreview und Auswertung von Einzelfällen.

Ergebnisse
Studien mit molekularbiologischer Erregerdiagnostik aus Biopsiematerial haben wesentlich dazu beigetragen, das histomorphologische Spektrum erregerbedingter Hautinfiltrate besser zu charakterisieren. Neben ungewöhnlichen Herpes-simplex- und Varizella-zoster-Infektionen wird die Histopathologie von Coxsackievirus und Masernexanthem, Borreliose, Syphilis sowie der kutanen Leishmaniasis dargestellt. Für zahlreiche Erreger sind inzwischen molekularbiologische Nachweise etabliert, die am formalinfixierten, paraffineingebetteten Material durchgeführt werden können.

Schlussfolgerungen
Anhand von ausgewählten Hautinfektionen wird das breite histopathologischen Spektrum erregerbedingter Hautinfiltrate dargestellt. Für den Histopathologen ist es insbesondere wichtig zu wissen, bei welchen Reaktionsmustern er den Kliniker auf notwendige Zusatzdiagnostik (Kultur, Serologie) aufmerksam machen sollte und wann eine molekularbiologische Erregerdiagnostik aus Biopsiematerial sinnvoll sein kann.
Photosynthetic Systems Suggest an Evolutionary Pathway to Diderms
Authors: Rogers Scott O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBacteria are divided primarily into monoderms (with one cell membrane, and usually Gram-positive, due to a thick peptidoglycan layer) and diderms (with two cell membranes, and mostly Gram-negative, due to a thin peptidoglycan layer sandwiched between the two membranes). Photosynthetic species are spread among the taxonomic groups, some having type I reaction centers (RCI in monoderm phylum Firmicutes; and diderm phyla Acidobacteria and Chlorobi), others with type II reaction centers (RCII in monoderm phylum Chloroflexi; and diderm taxa Gemmatimonadetes, and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria), and some containing both (RCI and RCII, only in diderm phylum Cyanobacteria). In most bacterial phylograms, photosystem types and diderm taxa are polyphyletic. A more parsimonious arrangement, which is supported by photosystem evolution, as well as additional sets of molecular characters, suggests that endosymbiotic events resulted in the formation of the diderms. In the model presented, monoderms readily form a monophyletic group, while diderms are produced by at least two endosymbiotic events, followed by additional evolutionary changes.
Transforming Growth Factor-β and the Renin-Angiotensin System in Syndromic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Implications for Treatment
Authors: van Dorst Daan C.H. , de Wagenaar Nathalie P. , van der Pluijm Ingrid , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W. , Essers Jeroen , Danser A.H. Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are permanent pathological dilatations of the thoracic aorta, which can lead to life-threatening complications, such as aortic dissection and rupture. TAAs frequently occur in a syndromic form in individuals with an underlying genetic predisposition, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS). Increasing evidence supports an important role for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in TAA pathology. Eventually, most patients with syndromic TAAs require surgical intervention, as the ability of present medical treatment to attenuate aneurysm growth is limited. Therefore, more effective medical treatment options are urgently needed. Numerous clinical trials investigated the therapeutic potential of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and β-blockers in patients suffering from syndromic TAAs. This review highlights the contribution of TGF-β signaling, RAS, and impaired mechanosensing abilities of aortic VSMCs in TAA formation. Furthermore, it critically discusses the most recent clinical evidence regarding the possible therapeutic benefit of ARBs and β-blockers in syndromic TAA patients and provides future research perspectives and therapeutic implications.