bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the electronic structure of the primary electron donor of photosystem I of Spirodela oligorrhiza by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Authors: Janssen Geertje J. , Eschenbach Patrick , Kurle Patrick , Bode Bela E. , Neugebauer Johannes , de Groot Huub J. M. , Matysik Jörg , Alia Alia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The electron donor in photosystem I (PSI), the chlorophyll dimer P700, is studied by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on selectively 13C and uniformly 15N labeled PSI core preparations (PSI-100) obtained from the aquatic plant duckweed (Spirodela oligorrhiza). Light-induced signals originate from the isotope-labeled nuclei of the cofactors involved in the spin-correlated radical pair forming upon light excitation. Signals are assigned to the two donor cofactors (Chl a and Chl a') and the two acceptor cofactors (both Chl a). Light-induced signals originating from both donor and acceptor cofactors demonstrate that electron transfer occurs through both branches of cofactors in the pseudo-C2 symmetric reaction center (RC). The experimental results supported by quantum chemical calculations indicate that this functional symmetry occurs in PSI despite similarly sized chemical shift differences between the cofactors of PSI and the functionally asymmetric special pair donor of the bacterial RC of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. This contributes to converging evidence that local differences in time-averaged electronic ground-state properties, over the donor are of little importance for the functional symmetry breaking across photosynthetic RC species.
The physics of fault friction: insights from experiments on simulated gouges at low shearing velocities
Authors: Verberne Berend A. , van den Ende Martijn P. A. , Chen Jianye , Niemeijer André R. , Spiers Christopher J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The strength properties of fault rocks at shearing rates
spanning the transition from crystal–plastic flow to frictional slip play a
central role in determining the distribution of crustal stress, strain, and
seismicity in tectonically active regions. We review experimental and
microphysical modelling work, which is aimed at elucidating the processes that control
the transition from pervasive ductile flow of fault rock to
rate-and-state-dependent frictional (RSF) slip and to runaway rupture,
carried out at Utrecht University in the past 2 decades or so. We address
shear experiments on simulated gouges composed of calcite,
halite–phyllosilicate mixtures, and phyllosilicate–quartz mixtures
performed under laboratory conditions spanning the brittle–ductile
transition. With increasing shear rate (or decreasing temperature), the
results consistently show transitions from (1) stable
velocity-strengthening (v-strengthening) behaviour, to potentially unstable v-weakening behaviour, and
(2) back to v strengthening. Sample microstructures show that the first
transition seen at low shear rates and/or high temperatures represents a
switch from pervasive, fully ductile deformation to frictional sliding
involving dilatant granular flow in localized shear bands where
intergranular slip is incompletely accommodated by creep of individual
mineral grains. A recent microphysical model, which treats fault rock
deformation as controlled by competition between rate-sensitive
(diffusional or crystal–plastic) deformation of individual grains and
rate-insensitive sliding interactions between grains (granular flow),
predicts both transitions well. Unlike classical RSF approaches, this model
quantitatively reproduces a wide range of (transient) frictional behaviours
using input parameters with direct physical meaning, with the latest
progress focusing on incorporation of dynamic weakening processes
characterizing co-seismic fault rupture. When implemented in numerical codes
for crustal fault slip, the model offers a single unified framework for
understanding slip patch nucleation and growth to critical (seismogenic)
dimensions, as well as for simulating the entire seismic cycle.
Numerical modeling of the dynamics of the Mer de Glace glacier, French Alps: comparison with past observations and forecasting of near-future evolution
Authors: Peyaud Vincent , Bouchayer Coline , Gagliardini Olivier , Vincent Christian , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Six Delphine , Laarman Olivier 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Alpine glaciers are shrinking and rapidly loosing mass in a warming
climate. Glacier modeling is required to assess the future
consequences of these retreats on water resources, the hydropower
industry and risk management. However, the performance of such ice
flow modeling is generally difficult to evaluate because of the lack
of long-term glaciological observations. Here, we assess the
performance of the Elmer/Ice full Stokes ice flow model using the long
dataset of mass balance, thickness change, ice flow velocity and snout
fluctuation measurements obtained between 1979 and 2015 on the Mer de
Glace glacier, France. Ice flow modeling results are compared in
detail to comprehensive glaciological observations over 4 decades
including both a period of glacier expansion preceding a long period
of decay. To our knowledge, a comparison to data at this detail is
unprecedented. We found that the model accurately reconstructs the
velocity, elevation and length variations of this glacier despite some
discrepancies that remain unexplained. The calibrated and validated
model was then applied to simulate the future evolution of Mer de
Glace from 2015 to 2050 using 26 different climate
scenarios. Depending on the climate scenarios, the largest glacier in
France, with a length of 20 km, could retreat by 2 to
6 km over the next 3 decades.
Evaluation of a Pediatric Enoxaparin Dosing Protocol and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wiltrout Kayla , Lissick Jennifer , Raschka Mike , Nickel Amanda , Watson Dave 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVESEnoxaparin has been studied for prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolism in the pediatric population. Dose-finding studies have suggested higher mean maintenance dose requirements in younger children; however, the current recommended dosing schema endorsed by the American College of Chest Physicians remains conservative, likely secondary to limited data on the safety and efficacy of escalated starting doses. Primary objectives of this study included the identification of patient characteristics and risk factors with associations to anti–factor Xa (anti-Xa) values. The secondary objective was to determine an association between the initial anti-Xa value and thrombus resolution. Safety outcomes related to bleeding were also assessed.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study reviewed records of all pediatric patients ≤18 years of age who were initiated on therapeutic subcutaneous enoxaparin between October 1, 2008, and October 1, 2018, at Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota for an indication of incident thrombus (N = 283).RESULTSSuccessful resolution of thrombus was directly associated with attaining a therapeutic anti-Xa concentration upon first laboratory evaluation. Other characteristics with associations to initial anti-Xa values included age, body mass index, and certain diagnoses. The rate of composite bleeding was consistent across concentrations of anti-Xa (p = 0.4944).CONCLUSIONSDespite adherence to protocol, the current enoxaparin dosing nomogram is only successful at achieving a therapeutic anti-Xa concentration (0.5–1.0 unit/mL) 55.8% of the time. A more aggressive enoxaparin dosing nomogram is warranted, as delaying time to therapeutic anti-Xa values impacts clinical outcomes, specifically thrombus resolution. Further investigation into characteristics with association to anti-Xa concentrations is needed.
Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Acetazolamide Oral Suspensions at Two Temperatures
Authors: Gillium Charlotte , Friciu Mihaela , Abatzoglou Nicolas , Leclair Grégoire 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES
Some drugs need to be compounded by the pharmacist before being administered to the patient. A study was conducted to determine the stability of acetazolamide suspensions in 2 different vehicles (Oral Mix and Oral Mix Sugar Free [SF]) from bulk drug and tablets at 2 different temperatures and in 2 different containers (amber plastic bottles and clear plastic syringes).

METHODS
Acetazolamide suspensions (25 mg/mL) were prepared from bulk drug or tablets. Each suspension, using Oral Mix or Oral Mix SF, was split between 2 types of containers—amber plastic bottles and clear plastic syringes—and stored either at room temperature (23°C–27°C) or under refrigeration (3°C–7°C). Samples were drawn from the suspensions right after preparation and on days 7, 14, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90. They were then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a reverse-phase column. A validated stability-indicating HPLC with ultraviolet detection method was developed. A visual inspection and a pH measurement were also completed at each time point. Stability was defined as retention of at least 90% of the initial concentration of acetazolamide suspension.

RESULTS
At least 91.2% of the initial acetazolamide concentration in suspensions remained throughout the 90-day study period for both vehicles, both containers, and both temperatures. Assays varied between 91.2% and 105.0% of the initial concentration for all 112 tested conditions but 2 (105.2% and 109.0%). Linear regression was calculated for each time profile and remained above 95.0% at the end of the study in all cases. Similarly, pH remained within 0.1 unit of the initial pH, which was 4.2 for Oral Mix and 4.3 for Oral Mix SF. Furthermore, no changes in organoleptic properties were observed because the preparations remained as white fluid suspensions without sedimentation.

CONCLUSIONS
Acetazolamide suspensions were stable for at least 90 days in all tested conditions because the average drug concentration was not less than 90% of the initial concentration. The beyond-use date could be extended from 60 to 90 days.
Diagnosis of the balneability conditions of Beira Rio beach in the municipality of Porto Nacional, Tocantins
Authors: Souza Paulo Victor Ferreira de , Balduino Ã‚ngelo Ricardo 
Published: November 2020

The Tocantins River has great water resources and it has been highly sought after for recreational activity, and it is highlighted for the beautiful beaches that are formed in its extension. It is important to remember that primary contact recreation and leisure activities have a specific criterion of sanitary safety for the purpose of balneability. This study evaluated the water quality of Beira Rio Beach in Porto Nacional - Tocantins. Microbiological analyses were performed using the indicators of the total coliform group and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of the monitoring were checked with the parameters established for balneability purposes defined by CONAMA Resolution No 274/00. The Colilert technique was used for detections and confirmatory identifications of total coliforms and E. coli. Low concentrations of E. coli were proven, which allowed the final classification in the category of 'excellent', according to CONAMA Resolution No. 274/00. Therefore, the waters of Beira Rio Beach, in the period of analysis and collection of samples, based on the indicator of bacteria of the E. coli group, were found within the accepted standards for balneability (primary contact recreation).
Válvulas redutoras de ar nos sistemas de micromedição nas redes de distribuição de água
Authors: Santos Romerito Avelino dos , Balduino Ã‚ngelo Ricardo , Paula Claudia Corrêa de 
Published: November 2020

Nos sistemas de micromedição nas redes de distribuição de água tratada podem existir algumas falhas, entre elas está o fato da passagem do ar pelo hidrômetro e sua respectiva contabilização do fluido como se fosse água. Baseado nessa questão, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a interferência do ar na micromedição verificando a eficácia das válvulas redutoras de ar como aparelhos que possam minimizar ou extinguir a passagem do ar pelo hidrômetro e, consequentemente as cobranças indevidas por parte das concessionárias. A água que chega às torneiras de milhares de famílias, indústrias e comércios, passa por uma série de processos até o produto final. Nesse contexto, percebe-se o quão é importante o trabalho das empresas responsáveis pelo tratamento e distribuição da água, onde o papel delas é garantir a qualidade da água e posteriormente a sua chegada às torneiras de cada consumidor. Porém, nem sempre é o que acontece, diversos fatores podem comprometer a distribuição da água, gerando imprecisões na micromedição e prejuízos para os usuários, pois estes pagam por ar ao invés de água. A metodologia aplicada neste projeto de pesquisa realizou ensaios laboratoriais que foram feitos no laboratório de hidráulica do Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos Porto (ITPAC PORTO), onde, através dos experimentos laboratoriais foi simulado a micromedição de um sistema de distribuição residencial de água, juntamente com a instalação da válvula redutora de ar, e injeção de ar comprimido através de um aparelho compressor de ar simulando de forma monitorada a passagem de ar pelos aparelhos medidores (hidrômetros). Depois do trabalho concluído espera-se que os resultados obtidos possam somar como esclarecimentos em relação a presença de ar nos sistemas de distribuição de água e que os aparelhos estudados possam mostrar eficiência em relação a diminuição ou até mesmo a inibição da marcação do ar nos hidrômetros.
Study of the balneability in the Francisquinha Stream Basin, in the municipality of Porto Nacional/TO
Authors: Beniz Victor Vinicius Medeiros , Balduino Ã‚ngelo Ricardo 
Published: November 2020

Water is a natural resource that is indispensable for life of all. However, this resource is not inexhaustible. Its use can have the most diverse purposes, whether for industrial activity, common daily use up to recreation activities. The municipality of Porto Nacional has several tributaries, that can be used in various ways by the local population. One of the forms of use is recreational activity, and in this study the bacteriological analysis of the Francisquinha Stream Basin was performed through the indicators of the group of total coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli).). The results of the monitoring were based on the parameters established for balneability purposes defined by the current norm of CONAMA Resolution No. 274/00. In order to obtain the confirmatory results of microbiological presence, the Colilert technique was used in laboratory experiments. The detected levels of E. coli bacteria demonstrate a high concentration rate, thus allowing the classification of waters for balneability as improper waters, according to CONAMA Resolution No. 274/00. Therefore, the intention of recreational activity in the basin under study was framed outside the required standards.
Generation and the discard of solid waste: an analysis of the environmental perception of elementary school students
Authors: Silva Clécio Danilo Dias da 
Published: November 2020

This work aimed to analyze the environmental perception of basic education students about the generation and descard of Solid Waste (RS). A survey was carried out with 118 students from the 6th year of elementary school in a private school, located in the urban area of â€‹â€‹Natal, RN. For data collection, used a questionnaire with 08 open and closed questions. The results demonstrated the that great part of the students recognized the problems generated by RS and simple ways to minimize this problem, as for example, a reuse, recycling, proper descard of batteries, avoiding damage to the floor, etc. In this context, the present study becomes a valuable tool that can assist the basic education teachers the planning and implementation and applications to the theme of generation and disposal of RS, aiming to form critical and reflective citizens regarding environmental issues present in their daily lives.
O protagonismo da mulher no suplemento feminino do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo
Authors: Coelho Gizeli Fermino , Quadros Raquel Dos Santos , Machado Maria Cristina Gomes 
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o modo como o Suplemento Feminino do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo propagava ideais que contribuíram para mobilizar as mulheres paulistas a apoiarem o Golpe Civil-Militar de 1964 sem, contudo, alterar seu papel no meio familiar e social. Investiga-se a postura adotada por esse suplemento em relação à questão política na primeira metade da década de 1960; para isto, são estudados textos e propagandas publicados entre os anos de 1960 e 1964. A hipótese é a de que as matérias publicadas pelo Suplemento Feminino deste jornal expressavam opiniões com o intuito de justificar a necessidade da intervenção militar, bem como convencer o seu público de que as atitudes dos grupos militares eram necessárias para a manutenção dos princípios democráticos no país. Neste sentido, entende-se que o discurso veiculado pelo Suplemento Feminino era duplamente ideológico: ao mesmo tempo que dava voz às mulheres nas decisões políticas, construindo um sujeito político feminino, procurava convencê-las de que o seu lugar se restringia ao lar, espaço em que desempenharia a função de protetora do lar, da família e da pátria, ou seja, reiterava o papel submisso da mulher na sociedade.
Mentoras de professoras iniciantes: a construção de uma base de conhecimentos
Authors: Souza Ana Paula Gestoso de , Reali Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues 
Published: November 2020

Esta investigação tem como cenário uma pesquisa-intervenção que estuda as contribuições e os limites de um programa híbrido de mentoria para odesenvolvimento profissional de professores experientes e professores iniciantes. Nesse programa, 10 professoras experientes — mentoras (com mais de 10 anos de prática docente) auxiliam professores iniciantes (com até cinco anos de atuação docente), que atuam na Educação Básica, a minimizar ou superar as dificuldades vividas no início da carreira docente. Isso ocorre por meio da interlocução com professores experientes, após processo formativo específico para atuarem como mentoras. Este trabalho investigou a construção da base de conhecimento para a mentoria analisando narrativas escritas pelas mentoras sobre sua experiência com as professoras iniciantes. Foram identificadas as seguintes categorias que compõem essa base de conhecimento: i. conhecimento do conteúdo específico, ii. conhecimento pedagógico geral para a mentoria, iii. conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo, iv. conhecimento sobre o ser mentor e v. conhecimento atitudinal. Observou-se que a mentoria tem se configurado como uma comunidade de aprendizagem, pois busca propiciar um lugar de diálogo não hierárquico aproximando universidade e escola a: desenvolver ações formativas tendo em vista o contexto escolar do professor iniciante, suas demandas e outras necessidades formativas, valorizar a inserção dos participantes (pesquisadores, mentoras e iniciantes) em processos reflexivos e promover que as mentoras se assumam como parceiras do processo de formação dos iniciantes.
Removal of Lead Ions from Waste Water Using Modified Jordanian Zeolite
Authors: Baker Hutaf M. 
Published: November 2020

In this study a Jordanian Zeolite was modified using anionic surfactant which is sodium dodecyl sulfate (sodium dodecyl sulfate). The sorption of Pb(II) from synthetic wastewater by surfactant modified Zeolite (SMZ) was investigated as a function of temperature. The experimental data was analysed using isotherm models namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Temkin and kinetic models such as the pseudo- second-order, intraparticle diffusion and the Elovich models in order to understand the mechanism of the interaction between this SMZ and the lead ions. All the isotherm models showed good correlation with the experimental results but Freundlich was the best. The calculated DH was obtained using Langmuir constant (aL), its value of 8.29kJ/mol revealed that the type of sorption is physical oneThe values of RL at all temperatures reflect the favorability of this interaction. The calculated activation energy was 21.126 kJ/mol using the pseudo-second order constant (k2), which indicates that the sorption is physisorption. The intraparticle diffusion model showed multilinearity which means multiple stages there occurred to achieve the removal of lead ions, the first linear curve is due to the boundary layer diffusion and the second linear curve isfor the intraparticle diffusion effect. The adsorption kinetics data fitted also Elovich model.
A distinção dos dois tipos de maracatus: a invenção de um conceito
Authors: Lima Ivaldo Marciano França 
Published: November 2020

<p>Este artigo discute a historicidade do conceito da distinção existente entre os maracatus, que os categoriza em baque virado (nação) e baque solto (rural), e que foi fruto da ação de pesquisadores como Guerra Peixe e Katarina Real. O artigo mostra os indícios de como eram os maracatus antes do vaticínio feito por Guerra Peixe ao final de suas pesquisas entre os anos de 1949 a 1952, e de como estas foram negociadas ao longo dos anos para se estabelecer entre os maracatuzeiros, confluindo para o formato existente nos dias atuais. Para este trabalho, foram utilizadas análises de jornais, entrevistas com antigos maracatuzeiros, além de extensa revisão bibliográfica.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> maracatus de baque solto - maracatus de baque virado - Carnaval - Guerra Peixe - cultura.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong></p><p> </p><p><em>The paper looks at the historicity of concepts on the characterization of maracatu variations and diversity, which has been classified as baque virado (nation-style or turned-around beat) and baque solto (rural-style or maracatu of free beat), as per researchers Guerra Peixe and Katarina Real. The analysis indicates the signs of what maracatus was like before the statements made by Guerra Peixe at the end of his research, between 1949 and 1952, and how they were negotiated over the years to be established among maracatuzeiros themselves, achieving the current forms.</em><em> </em><em>For this work, newspapers and interviews with former maracatuzeiros were used as main sources, and an extensive bibliographic review was performed.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> maracatu baque solto – maracatu baque virado – Brazilian Carnaval – Guerra–Peixe – culture.</em></p>