bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Xanthine Dehydrogenase Activity is an Effective Way to Delay Leaf Senescence and Increase Rice Yield
Authors: Han Ruicai , He Xunfeng , Pan Xiaohua , Shi Qinghua , Wu Ziming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is an important enzyme in purine metabolism. It is involved in regulation of the normal growth and non-biological stress-induced ageing processes in plants. The present study investigated XDH’s role in regulating rice leaf senescence. We measured physical characteristics, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters, active oxygen metabolism, and purine metabolism in wild-type Kitaake rice ( Oryza sativa L.), an OsXDH over-expression transgenic line ( OE9 ), and an OsXDH RNA interference line ( Ri3 ) during different growth stages. The expression patterns of the OsXDH gene confirmed that XDH was involved in the regulation of normal and abiotic stress-induced ageing processes in rice. There was no significant difference between the phenotypes of transgenic lines and wild type at the seedling stage, but differences were observed at the full heading and maturation stages. The OE9 plants were taller, with higher chlorophyll content, and their photosystems had stronger light energy absorption, transmission, dissipation, and distribution capacity, which ultimately improved the seed setting rate and 1000-seed weight. The opposite effect was found in the Ri3 plants. The OE9 line had a strong ability to remove reactive oxygen species, with increased accumulation of allantoin and alantoate. Experimental spraying of allantoin on leaves showed that it could alleviate chlorophyll degradation and decrease the content of H 2 O 2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) in rice leaves after the full heading stage. The urate oxidase gene ( UO ) expression levels in the interference line were significantly lower than those in the over-expression line and wild-type lines. The allantoinase ( ALN ) and allantoate amidinohydrolase ( AAH ) genes had significantly higher expression in the Ri3 plants than the in OE9 or wild-type plants, with OE9 plants showing the lowest levels. The senescence-related genes ACD1 , WRKY23 , WRKY53 , SGR , XERO1 , and GH27 in Ri3 plants had the highest expression levels, followed by those in the wild-type plants, with OE9 plants showing the lowest levels. These results suggest that enhanced activity of XDH can regulate the synthesis of urea-related substances, improve plant antioxidant capacity, effectively delay the ageing process in rice leaves, and increase rice yield.
Improving the diagnosis of common parotid tumors via the combination of CT image biomarkers and clinical parameters
Authors: Zhang Dan , Li Xiaojiao , Lv Liang , Yu Jiayi , Yang Chao , Xiong Hua , Liao Ruikun , Zhou Bi , Huang Xianlong , Liu Xiaoshuang , tang zhuoyue 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: To develop and validate diagnostic models of the common parotid tumors based on whole-volume CT textural image biomarkers (IBMs) in combination with clinical parameters at a single institution.
Methods: The study cohort was composed of 51 pleomorphic adenoma (PA) patients and 42 Warthin tumor (WT) patients. Clinical parameters and conventional image features were scored retrospectively and textural IBMs were extracted from CT images of arterial phase . Independent-samples t test or Chi-square test was used for evaluating the significance of the difference among clinical parameters, conventional CT image features, and textural IBMs. The diagnostic performance of univariate model and multivariate model was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under ROC curve (AUC).
Results: Significant differences were found in clinical parameters (age, gender, disease duration, smoking), conventional image features (site, maximum diameter, time-density curve, peripheral vessels sign) and textural IBMs (mean, uniformity, energy, entropy) between PA group and WT group (P＜0.05). ROC analysis showed that clinical parameter (age) and quantitative textural IBMs (mean, energy, entropy) were able to categorize the patients into PA group and WT group, with the AUC of 0.784, 0.902, 0.910, 0.805, respectively. When IBMs were added in clinical model, the multivariate models including age-mean and age-energy performed significantly better than the univariate models with the improved AUC of 0.940, 0.944, respectively (P＜0.001).
Conclusions: Both clinical parameter and CT textural IBMs can be used for the preoperative, noninvasive diagnosis of parotid PA and WT. The diagnostic performance of textural IBM model was obviously better than that of clinical model and conventional image model in this study. While the multivariate model consisted of clinical parameter and textural IBM had the optimal diagnostic performance, which would contribute to the better selection of individualized surgery program.
Burden and associated factors of Scabies outbreak in Guna-begemidir district, south Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Adamu Temesgen Anteye , Tsegaye Adino Tesfahun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Scabies is an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite ( Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis ). The parasite is found worldwide and affects people of all races and social classes. Studies shows that the prevalence of scabies is far different as 0.2% in developed countries up to 24% in developing countries. Ethiopia also reports scabies outbreak frequently since 2017. Recent studies show that the attack rate was 25% in Gondar city in Yekolo-temaries and 11% at Badewacho District, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community based unmatched case-control (1:2 ratios) study was conducted in guna-begemidir district, using collected scabies line listed data and face to face interview to assess risk factors from January to February 2018 with sample size of 156 cases and 312 control. The data were collected using structured questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS version 22 statistical software. Odds Ratios (OR), P value and 95% Confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine associated factors. Result A total of 4269 scabies case were reported from the district, attack rate of 7.9%. Of those cases 2254 (52.8%) were males. 10 (52.6%) kebeles were affected by the outbreak. The attack rate varies by kebeles which ranges from 0.88% to 25.5%. The highest attack rate was in mena-medihanealem kebele which is 25.5%. Sleeping with Scabies Patients, washing with scabies patients in the past 6 months, putting of cloths with diseased patient cloths and Household daily water consumption were significantly associated with scabies diseases on multivariable analysis. Conclusion and recommendation Scabies is public health problem in the district. Due to delayed detection and response, the disease was highly disseminated mainly because of drug shortage throughout the region. We recommend enhancing, strong ongoing active case surveillance of scabies; health education & availing drugs to all health facilities and do more on the above significant variables.
Transcriptional reprogramming strategies and miRNA-mediated regulation networks of Taxus media induced into callus cells from tissues
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Meng , Jin Xiaofei , Tao Haoran , Wang Yamin , Peng Bo , Fu Chunhua , Yu Longjiang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Taxus cells are a potential sustainable and environment-friendly source of taxol, but they have low survival ratios and slow grow rates. Despite these limitations, Taxus callus cells induced through 6 months of culture contain more taxol than their parent tissues. In this work, we utilized 6-month-old Taxus media calli to investigate their regulatory mechanisms of taxol biosynthesis by applying multiomics technologies. Our results provide insights into the adaptation strategies of T. media by transcriptional reprogramming when induced into calli from parent tissues. Results Seven out of 12 known taxol, most of flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes were significantly upregulated in callus cells relative to that in the parent tissue, thus indicating that secondary metabolism is significantly strengthened. The expression of genes involved in pathways metabolizing biological materials, such as amino acids and sugars, also dramatically increased because all nutrients are supplied from the medium. The expression level of 94.1% genes involved in photosynthesis significantly decreased. These results reveal that callus cells undergo transcriptional reprogramming and transition into heterotrophs. Interestingly, common defense and immune activities, such as “plant–pathogen interaction” and salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-signaling transduction, were repressed in calli. Thus, it’s an intelligent adaption strategy to use secondary metabolites as a cost-effective defense system. MiRNA- and degradome-sequencing results showed the involvement of a precise regulatory network in the miRNA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming of calli. MiRNAs act as direct regulators to enhance the metabolism of biological substances and repress defense activities. Given that only 17 genes of secondary metabolite biosynthesis were effectively regulated, miRNAs are likely to play intermediate roles in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by regulating transcriptional factors (TFs), such as ERF, WRKY, and SPL. Conclusion Our results suggest that increasing the biosynthesis of taxol and other secondary metabolites is an active regulatory measure of calli to adapt to heterotrophic culture, and this alteration mainly involved direct and indirect miRNA-induced transcriptional reprogramming. These results expand our understanding of the relationships among the metabolism of biological substances, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and defense systems. They also provide a series of candidate miRNAs and transcription factors for taxol biosynthesis.
Diel Rhythms of Marine Picoplanktonic Communities Assessed by Comparative Metaproteomics
Authors: Geron Augustin , Werner Johannes , Lebaron Philippe , Wattiez Ruddy , Matallana-Surget Sabine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Diel cycle is of enormous biological importance in that it imposes temporal structure on ecosystem productivity. In the world oceans, microorganisms form complex communities that carry out about half of photosynthesis and the bulk of life-sustaining nutrient cycling. Within these natural microbial assemblages, photoautotrophs, such as Cyanobacteria , display diel rhythmicity in gene expression. To what extent autotrophs and heterotrophs are impacted by light and dark oscillations and how this collectively influences community structure and functionality remains poorly documented. In this study, we compared eight day/night metaproteome profiles of Cyanobacteria and both free-living and attached bacterial fractions from picoplanktonic communities sampled over two consecutive days from the surface north-west Mediterranean Sea. Results Our results showed similar taxonomic structure in both free-living and particle-attached bacteria, dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria . Temporal rhythmicity in protein expression was observed in both Synechococcales and Rhodobacterales in light-dependent processes such as photosynthesis or UV-stress response. Other biological processes, such as phosphorus or amino acid metabolisms, were also found to cycle in phototrophs. In contrast, proteins from the ubiquitous Pelagibacterales remained stable independently of the day/night oscillations. Conclusion This work integrated for the first time diel comparative metaproteomics on both free-living and particle attached bacterial fractions in coastal oligotrophic environment. Our findings demonstrated a taxa-specific response to diel cycle with a more controlled protein regulation for phototrophs. This study provided additional evidences that timekeeping mechanisms might be widespread among bacteria, broadening our knowledge on diel microbial assemblage dynamics.
The biomechanics of combined lateral and posterior plates for treating proximal humerus fractures with medial column defects
Authors: Zhang Xuedong , Dou YueChao , Wang Xuefei , Ma Jianxiong , Lu Bin , Ma Xinlong , Zhang Yakui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background. We investigated the therapeutic effects associated with the combined use of lateral and posterior plates for treating complex proximal humerus fractures. Methods. We used in vitro biomechanical experiments and computer three-dimensional finite element analyses to investigate the biomechanical properties of combined lateral and posterior plates when treating proximal humerus fractures. Eighteen left SAWBONE (Pacific Research Labs) humerus bones were randomly divided among three groups. We established a medial column defect model for surgical neck fractures in each bone specimen and achieved fixation using a proximal humerus locking plate. Each of the three groups used a different fixation method. Group A used a Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System (PHILOS) plate support only. Group B used the PHILOS plate with a posterior locking plate (but without medial column support screws). Group C used the PHILOS plate with both the posterior locking plate and medial column support screws. We subjected three sets of specimens to axial compression, torsion, shear compression, model failure, fatigue testing, and micro-strain analyses. Results and conclusions. In vitro biomechanical analysis and three-dimensional finite element analyses showed that the PHILOS plate, in combination with the posterior locking plate and medial column support screws (Group C), had significantly enhanced biomechanical properties when compared with traditional single plate supports.
Is hip fracture surgery safe for patients on antiplatelet drugs and is it necessary to delay surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Zhanyu , Ni Jiangdong , Long Ze , Kuang Letian , Gao Yongquan , Tao Shibin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Hip fractures are common and account for a large proportion of orthopaedic surgical admissions in elderly patients. However, determining the timing for surgery has been controversial for patients who develop with hip fractures while on antiplatelet treatment.
Methods: Computerized databases for studies published from the inception date to January 2020, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Web of Science TM , ClinicalTrials, ClinicalKey and Google Scholar, were searched using the keywords “Hip AND Fracture”, “Antiplatelet”, “Antithrombocyte”, “Platelet aggregation inhibitors”, “Aspirin”, “Plavix”, and “Clopidogrel”.
Results: In total, 2328 initial articles were identified. Twenty-four studies with 5423 participants were ultimately included in our analysis. Early surgery was associated with an increased transfusion rate in the antiplatelet group compared to the non-antiplatelet group (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.44; p = 0.03). Early surgery for hip fracture patients on antiplatelet therapy was associated with a greater decrease in haemoglobin compared to delayed surgery (WMD = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.00; p < 0.001). However, early surgery appeared to decrease the length of hospitalization (WMD = -6.05; 95% CI, -7.06 to -5.04; p < 0.001) and mortality (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.79; p = 0.006).
Conclusion: It is unnecessary to delay surgery to restore platelet function when patients with hip fractures receive antiplatelet therapy. Furthermore, early surgery can significantly reduce mortality and hospital stay, which is conducive to patient recovery. Future randomized trials should determine whether the results are sustained over time.
How young female adolescents understand their pubertal body changes and reproductive system
Authors: Nayoan Christina Rony , Hoban Elizabeth , Williams Joanne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Female adolescents undergo drastic changes in their bodies during puberty. Therefore, they need to be informed about these pending changes at an early age so they can build a foundation for healthy reproductive behaviour. This study explored young female adolescents’ understanding of pubertal body changes and knowledge of their reproductive system. Method: Female students in grades seven, eight and nine were recruited from eight junior high schools in Kupang, Indonesia. Body mapping was conducted together with a semi-structured interview. Data was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Result: The median age of participants was 13 years and more than 85% had experienced menstruation. During interviews participants listed their pubertal body changes and then located the female reproductive system on body maps. Two main themes emerged in regards to participants’ perceived pubertal body changes and understanding of reproductive system. Participants aware the changes in their five body areas and could name one or two organs in the female reproductive system but they were unable to locate them on the body maps. The body mapping exercise revealed that participants have limited knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. Conclusion: Young female adolescents demonstrated sound knowledge of pubertal body changes. However, they lacked an accurate understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. The study identified a gap in young female adolescents' knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. This study provides evidence on the value of using the body mapping exercise in conjunction with semi-structured interviews in research with young female adolescents on a sensitive topic.
Factors Influencing the Use of Reproductive Health Services Among Young Women in Nepal: Analysis of the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Thapa Naba Raj 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background About one fifth of the total population are young people aged 15-24 years in Nepal. Utilization of reproductive health services is a key component for preventing young women from different sexual and reproductive health problems. The objective of the study is to determine the factors influencing the use of reproductive health services among young women in Nepal. Methods Data is extracted from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) datasets. The weighted sample population for modern contraceptive use is restricted to the 1593 young women, 1606 young women for the antenatal care and skilled birth attendant. Three reproductive health indicators were selected as outcome variables of reproductive health service utilization for the analysis- modern contraceptive use, at least four antenatal care visits and skilled birth attendant in delivery. All calculations were based on standard sample weight of Nepal DHS. Results The study found that 21% of young women used modern contraception, 71% attended at least four ANC visits, and 67% utilized a skilled birth attendant at delivery. Young women of Janajati, women who have 1-2, and 3 and more living children, women who participate household decision-making, and have exposure to media were more likely and women who want more children were less likely to use modern contraceptives. Higher education attainment, higher wealth status, and lower birth order were associated with higher level of receiving at least four ANC visits and skilled birth attendants among young women. Young women who want more children, and who have access to media have higher odds of receiving at least four ANC visits and women who attend four and more ANC visits have higher odds of using skilled birth attendants. Conclusion To improve the use of reproductive health services among young women, efforts should be made targeting young women of low education level, low economic status, higher birth order, and low exposure to media. Further research is required to detect the barriers that effects use of reproductive health services among young women.
Routinely collected patient data in neurology research: A systematic mapping review
Authors: Biggin Frances , Emsley Hedley , Knight Jo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background This review focuses on neurology research which uses routinely collected data. The number of such studies is growing alongside the expansion of data collection. We aim to gain a broad picture of the scope of how routine healthcare data have been utilised. Methods This study follows a systematic mapping review approach which does not make a judgement on the quality of the papers included in the review, thereby enabling a complete overview of the field. Results Of 4481 publications retrieved, 386 met the eligibility criteria for this study. These publications covered a wide range of conditions, but the majority were based on one or only a small number of neurological conditions. In particular, publications concerned with three discrete areas of neurological practice - multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy/seizure and Parkinson’s disease - accounted for 60% of the total. MS was the focus of the highest proportion of eligible studies (35%), yet in the recent Global Burden of Neurological Disease study it ranks only 14 th out of 15 neurological disorders for DALY rates. In contrast, migraine is the neurological disorder with the highest ranking of DALYs globally (after stroke) and yet it was represented by only 4% of eligible studies. Conclusion This review shows that there is a disproportionately large body of literature pertaining to relatively rare disorders, and a correspondingly small body of literature describing more common conditions. Therefore, there is potential for future research to redress this balance.
Influencing factors on the tendency of general practitioners to join in Urban Family Physician Program in Iran
Authors: Bayati Mohsen , Rashidian Arash , Delavari Sajad , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Urban family physician program (UFPP) is initiated as pilot by policy makers as a main reform in future of primary health care in Iran. Despite an ongoing pilot implementation of this program from 2012, it remains a main question about providing sufficient number of general practitioners (GPs). This study aimed to investigate the factors which affect GPs' decision to join in the UFPP.Methods In this national cross-sectional study, data were gathered by a self-report questionnaire from 601 GPs. The multivariate logistic regression was applied to explore the demographic, practice and views determinants of the tendency of GPs to join in the UFPP.Results More than half of GPs (58.6%) participated in the study had a positive tendency to join in the UFPP. Older GPs (adjusted OR=3.72; 95%CI: 1.05-13.09), working in public sector (adjusted OR=2.26; 95%CI: 1.43-3.58), lower income level (adjusted OR=6.69; 95%CI:2.95-15.16), higher economic expectations (adjusted OR=2.08; 95%CI: 1.19-3.63), and higher satisfaction from medicine profession (adjusted OR=2.00; 95%CI: 1.14-3.51) were the main factors which increased the GPs tendency to join UFPP.Conclusions decision for joining in the program is mainly affected by GPs' economic status. This clarifies that if the program can make them closer to their target income, they would be more likely to decide for joining in the program.