bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental trajectories of event centrality and socio‐emotional well‐being after transition to high school
Authors: Iimura Shuhei 
Published: April 2020

Although the transition from junior high or middle school to high school can be a stressful turning point for youth socio‐emotional development, the role of individual differences in susceptibility to the transition in adolescents’ socio‐emotional well‐being remains unclear. The current study examined the developmental relation between how central the high school transition is to a student’s identity or life course (i.e., event centrality) and socio‐emotional well‐being after transition. High school students, including cohorts in tenth to twelveth grade (n = 2,265, Mage at Time 1 = 15.9 years, SDage = 0.9 years), participated in a four‐wave longitudinal survey for a year and completed questionnaires assessing event centrality and socio‐emotional well‐being. Latent growth curve modelling revealed individual differences in the developmental trajectory of event centrality regarding high school transition across the tenth to twelveth grades. Increase in the centrality of transition was closely associated with improvement in socio‐emotional well‐being for each grade progression. Findings highlight the value of examining individual differences in the degree to which the school transition becomes a turning point in a student’s identity or life course.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on the subject?

Adolescents’ socio‐emotional well‐being decreases on average after school transition.

Event centrality, how central the transition is to student identity, is related to socio‐emotional well‐being.

No study has examined event centrality and well‐being after transition longitudinally.

What the present study adds?

Individual differences exist in the development of event centrality across grades 10–12.

Increased event centrality of transition is associated with improved socio‐emotional well‐being.

Development researchers must consider individual differences in susceptibility to the transition.
Tumor‐associated macrophage interleukin‐β promotes glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activation, glycolysis and tumorigenesis in glioma cells
Authors: Lu Jian , Xu Zhongye , Duan Hubin , Ji Hongming , Zhen Zigang , Li Bo , Wang Huangsuo , Tang Huoquan , Zhou Jie , Guo Tao , Wu Bin , Wang Dawei , Liu Yueting , Niu Yuhu , Zhang Ruisheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTumor‐immune crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment (TME) occurs at all stages of tumorigenesis. Tumor‐associated M2 macrophages play a central role in tumor development, but the molecular underpinnings have not been fully elucidated. We demonstrated that M2 macrophages produce interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), which activates phosphorylation of the glycolytic enzyme glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2) at threonine 10 (GPD2 pT10) through phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase‐mediated activation of protein kinase‐delta (PKCδ) in glioma cells. GPD2 pT10 enhanced its substrate affinity and increased the catalytic rate of glycolysis in glioma cells. Inhibiting PKCδ or GPD2 pT10 in glioma cells or blocking IL‐1β generated by macrophages attenuated the glycolytic rate and proliferation of glioma cells. Furthermore, human glioblastoma tumor GPD2 pT10 levels were positively correlated with tumor p‐PKCδ and IL‐1β levels as well as intratumoral macrophage recruitment, tumor grade and human glioblastoma patient survival. These results reveal a novel tumorigenic role for M2 macrophages in the TME. In addition, these findings suggest possible treatment strategies for glioma patients through blockade of cytokine crosstalk between M2 macrophages and glioma cells.
How to study intertwined and autoregulated eukaryotic signal transduction pathways
Authors: Heinisch Jürgen J. 
Published: April 2020

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are a major means of eukaryotic cells to adapt to environmental changes, in the case of microorganisms, and to nutritional and hormonal signals, in the case of multicellular organisms. Numerous defects in such architecturally conserved pathways have been associated with different human cancers. These signaling cascades usually commence with sensors located in the plasma membrane, which through specific protein kinases activate a conserved tripartite MAPK module. Phosphorylation of their targets, that is, cytosolic proteins and/or transcription factors, then triggers the proper cellular response. In the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi, the cell wall integrity pathway (CWI) has been extensively studied and its components may serve as targets for antifungal drugs of clinical and agricultural importance. Another well‐known MAPK cascade, the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, is required to cope with osmotic stress. In the past decade, it has become increasingly evident that such pathways do not act in a linear top‐down fashion, but are highly regulated by internal feedback mechanisms as well as by cross‐pathway interactions. The work of Jiménez‐Gutiérrez et al. in this issue provides an elegant way to identify new players in these complex networks.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15288
A unique predator in a unique ecosystem: modelling the apex predator within a Late Cretaceous crocodyliform‐dominated fauna from Brazil
Authors: Montefeltro Felipe C. , Lautenschlager Stephan , Godoy Pedro L. , Ferreira Gabriel S. , Butler Richard J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTheropod dinosaurs were relatively scarce in the Late Cretaceous ecosystems of southeast Brazil. Instead, hypercarnivorous crocodyliforms known as baurusuchids were abundant and probably occupied the ecological role of apex predators. Baurusuchids exhibited a series of morphological adaptations hypothesized to be associated with this ecological role, but quantitative biomechanical analyses of their morphology have so far been lacking. Here, we employ a biomechanical modelling approach, applying finite element analysis (FEA) to models of the skull and mandibles of a baurusuchid specimen. This allows us to characterize the craniomandibular apparatus of baurusuchids, as well as to compare the functional morphology of the group with that of other archosaurian carnivores, such as theropods and crocodylians. Our results support the ecological role of baurusuchids as specialized apex predators in the continental Late Cretaceous ecosystems of South America. With a relatively weak bite force (~600 N), the predation strategies of baurusuchids likely relied on other morphological specializations, such as ziphodont dentition and strong cervical musculature. Comparative assessments of the stress distribution and magnitude of scaled models of other predators (the theropod Allosaurus fragilis and the living crocodylian Alligator mississippiensis) consistently show different responses to loadings under the same functional scenarios, suggesting distinct predatory behaviors for these animals. The unique selective pressures in the arid to semi‐arid Late Cretaceous ecosystems of southeast Brazil, which were dominated by crocodyliforms, possibly drove the emergence and evolution of the biomechanical features seen in baurusuchids, which are distinct from those previously reported for other predatory taxa.
Models and frameworks that enable nurses to develop their public health practice—A scoping study
Authors: Ezhova Ivanka , Sayer Lynn , Newland Rita , Davis Nicola , McLetchie‐Holder Shelley , Burrows Patricia , Middleton Laura , Malone Mary Ellen 
Published: April 2020

Aims and objectivesThis scoping review commissioned by the Public Health England, WHO collaborating Centre, aimed to explore the models and frameworks which enable nurses to develop their public health practice and deliver public health interventions to individuals, families and communities.BackgroundThere is a plethora of literature regarding the role, activities and scope of practice undertaken by public health nurses across the world. However, only two reviews have explored the models and frameworks used for public health nursing practice.DesignThe study drew upon an established framework with a narrative review drawing upon five methodological steps.MethodsA search of databases, Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINHAL and British Nursing Index, was undertaken. The search took place between April 2018 and June 2018 retrieving 9,513 peer‐reviewed articles published from 2008.ResultsNinety‐five studies were retrieved and analysed thematically. From an initial review of literature, two themes were identified: public health models used in practice and models used in public health education. Within the first theme, three subthemes were emerged: Characteristics of the interventions; Characteristics of the public health nurse; and Lack of measurable health benefits. Within the second theme, three subthemes were identified: Faculty and Students Working Together; The Experiential Academic Approach, and What works in Educating Nurses for Public Health.ConclusionThe review identified that many models and frameworks are used in practice. However, within public health practice there is a limited evidence base and it fails to demonstrate that the frameworks and models developed for practice result in measurable health benefits on an individual or population level. However, within education innovative models were apparent with collaborative partnerships enabling preregistration nursing students to develop public health nursing competencies.Relevance to clinical practiceInnovative approaches to education of preregistration nursing students could point the way forward for the delivery of public health nursing practice.
Diagnostic markers of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with severe asthma
Authors: Kozlova Yana , Frolova Ekaterina , Uchevatkina Aleksandra , Filippova Larisa , Aak Oleg , Burygina Ekaterina , Taraskina Anastasiya , Vasilyeva Natalia , Klimko Nikolay 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIntroductionAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disease in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF) caused by chronic allergic inflammation to Aspergillus spp. antigens. The role of different immunological mediators in the formation of chronic allergic inflammation in patients with ABPA is not sufficiently explored.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate serum levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), thymus and activated chemokine (TARC) as well as IL‐8 in patients with ABPA, and to evaluate their diagnostic and monitoring value in the disease.Patients/methodsProspective study included 21 patients with ABPA, 25 patients with severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (SAFS), 37 patients with severe asthma without fungal sensitisation (SAwFS), and 16 healthy people. In patients with ABPA, the serum levels of biomarkers were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks of itraconazole therapy. Serum levels of total IgE, Aspergillus‐fumigatus‐specific IgE, TSLP, TARC, IL‐8 were analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIn patients with ABPA we established significantly higher serum levels of TARC, IL‐8, total IgE, Aspergillus‐fumigatus‐specific IgE and peripheral blood eosinophil counts, compared to patients with SAwFS. There were no differences in TSLP levels between the examined groups of patients. Serum TARC levels were positively correlated to serum total IgE levels, A fumigatus‐specific IgE levels and peripheral blood eosinophil counts and also negatively correlated to lung function (FEV1). Longitudinally, serum levels TARC, total IgE and peripheral blood eosinophil counts significant decreased after treatment of ABPA.ConclusionThymus and activated chemokine is a useful test in diagnosing and monitoring response to the antifungal treatment of patients with ABPA.
An operational definition of the biome for global change research
Authors: Conradi Timo , Slingsby Jasper A. , Midgley Guy F. , Nottebrock Henning , Schweiger Andreas H. , Higgins Steven I. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBiomes are constructs for organising knowledge on the structure and functioning of the world’s ecosystems, and serve as useful units for monitoring how the biosphere responds to anthropogenic drivers, including climate change. The current practice of delimiting biomes relies on expert knowledge. Recent studies have questioned the value of such biome maps for comparative ecology and global‐change research, partly due to their subjective origin. Here we propose a flexible method for developing biome maps objectively. The method uses range modelling of several thousands of plant species to reveal spatial attractors for different growth‐form assemblages that define biomes. The workflow is illustrated using distribution data from 23 500 African plant species. In an example application, we create a biome map for Africa and use the fitted species models to project biome shifts. In a second example, we map gradients of growth‐form suitability that can be used to identify sites for comparative ecology. This method provides a flexible framework that (1) allows a range of biome types to be defined according to user needs and (2) enables projections of biome changes that emerge purely from the individualistic responses of plant species to environmental changes.
Ventricular arrhythmia suppression with ivabradine in a patient with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia refractory to nadolol, flecainide, and sympathectomy
Authors: Kohli Utkarsh , Aziz Zaid , Beaser Andrew D. , Nayak Hemal M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConventional treatment strategies for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) include avoidance of strenuous exercise and competitive sports, drugs such as ß‐blockers and flecainide and, cervical sympathectomy. An implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) has been utilized if the response to these strategies is inadequate; however, ICD use in CPVT patients, in addition to usual complications, is associated with an increased risk of life‐threatening electrical storm. Ivabradine is a selective inhibitor of hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated potassium channel 4 generated funny current (If), which has been shown to be efficacious in suppression of inappropriate sinus tachycardia, junctional tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, and ventricular ectopy in humans. We report an 18‐year‐old male with a severe CPVT phenotype refractory to flecainide, nadolol, and sympathectomy who exhibited suppression of ventricular arrhythmias after initiation of ivabradine. These findings are of importance as ivabradine could be an important add‐on therapy in CPVT patients who are drug refractory or are unable to continue conventional therapies at the recommended doses.
Muscle‐tendon morphology and function following long‐term exposure to repeated and strenuous mechanical loading
Authors: Bissas Athanassios , Havenetidis Konstantinos , Walker Josh , Hanley Brian , Nicholson Gareth , Metaxas Thomas , Christoulas Kosmas , Cronin Neil J. 
Published: April 2020

We mapped structural and functional characteristics of muscle‐tendon units in a population exposed to very long‐term routine overloading. Twenty‐eight military academy cadets (age = 21.00 ± 1.1 years; height = 176.1 ± 4.8 cm; mass = 73.8 ± 7.0 kg) exposed for over 24 months to repetitive overloading were profiled via ultrasonography with a senior subgroup of them (n = 11; age = 21.4 ± 1.0 years; height = 176.5 ± 4.8 cm; mass = 71.4 ± 6.6 kg) also tested while walking and marching on a treadmill. A group of eleven ethnicity‐ and age‐matched civilians (age = 21.6 ± 0.7 years; height = 176.8 ± 4.3 cm; mass = 74.6 ± 5.6 kg) was also profiled and tested. Cadets and civilians exhibited similar morphology (muscle and tendon thickness and cross‐sectional area, pennation angle, fascicle length) in 26 out of 29 sites including the Achilles tendon. However, patellar tendon thickness along the entire tendon was greater (P < .05) by a mean of 16% for the senior cadets compared with civilians. Dynamically, cadets showed significantly smaller ranges of fascicle length change and lower shortening velocity in medial gastrocnemius during walking (44.0% and 47.6%, P < .05‐.01) and marching (27.5% and 34.3%, P < .05‐.01) than civilians. Furthermore, cadets showed lower normalized soleus electrical activity during walking (22.7%, P < .05) and marching (27.0%, P < .05). Therefore, 24‐36 months of continuous overloading, primarily occurring under aerobic conditions, leads to more efficient neural and mechanical behavior in the triceps surae complex, without any major macroscopic alterations in key anatomical structures.
Sarcomas—A barren immunological wasteland or field of opportunity for immunotherapy?
Authors: Atherton Matthew J. , Lenz Jennifer A. , Mason Nicola J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKey advances in our understanding of immunobiology and the immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment have led to significant breakthroughs in manipulating the immune system to successfully treat cancer. Remarkable therapeutic responses have occurred with tumours that carry a high mutational burden. In these cases, pre‐existing tumour‐specific T cells can be rejuvenated via checkpoint inhibition to eliminate tumours. Furthermore, durable remissions have been achieved in haematological malignancies following adoptive transfer of T cells that specifically target cell surface proteins where expression is restricted to the malignancy's cell of origin. Soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas have a paucity of non‐synonymous somatic mutations and do not commonly express known, targetable, tumour‐specific antigens. Historically, soft tissue sarcomas have been considered immunologically ‘cold’ and as such, unlikely candidates for immune therapy. Here, we review the immune landscape of canine and feline sarcomas and the immunotherapeutic strategies that have been employed in veterinary clinical trials to improve patient outcome. We also provide insight into immunotherapeutic approaches being used to treat human sarcomas. Together, current data indicates that, rather than a barren immunological wasteland, sarcomas represent a field of opportunities for immunotherapies. Furthermore, we and others would suggest that strategic combinations of immunotherapeutic approaches may hold promise for more effective treatments for high grade soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas.
Sedimentological characteristics and aeolian architecture of a plausible intermountain erg system in Southeast China during the Late Cretaceous
Authors: Cao Shuo , Zhang Laiming , Wang Chengshan , Ma Jing , Tan Jie , Zhang Zhihui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlong with intensification of global warming, severe desertification has already impaired human sustainable development. In a near-future greenhouse world, the total area of desert will increase, and new types of desert may emerge. During the “greenhouse” Cretaceous, conventional large paleo-ergs developed in broad topographic basins, and many possible ergs developed in small-scale intermountain basins, which are unusual in near-modern times and less studied. A comprehensive study of their sedimentary architecture and mechanisms would refine our interpretation of desertification in a near-future “greenhouse” world. The Xinjiang Basin is a typical small-scale intermountain basin in Southeast China that formed &gt;300 m of successive aeolian deposits during the early Late Cretaceous. In this study, we applied detailed facies and architecture analyses to the Tangbian Formation (K2t) in 16 outcrops throughout the Xinjiang Basin and reconstructed a three-dimensional sedimentary model for the intermountain ergs. We confirmed that the Tangbian Formation formed in a typical intermountain paleo-erg and summarized in detail the differences in sedimentary architecture between intermountain ergs and broad topographic ergs. We noticed that the “greenhouse” state during the Late Cretaceous seems to have been suitable for the development of ergs in intermountain basins due to the hot, arid climate conditions and penetrating winds with sufficient transport capacity. Therefore, we suggest that in addition to the ongoing expansion of broad topographic ergs, the emergence and development of intermountain ergs in a near-future “greenhouse” world would also contribute to global desert expansion and massive desertification.
Concurrent, parallel, real-time garbage-collection
Authors: Siebert Fridtjof 
Published: April 2020

With the current developments in CPU implementations, it becomes obvious that ever more parallel multicore systems will be used even in embedded controllers that require real-time guarantees. When garbage collection is used in these systems, parallel and concurrent garbage collection brings important performance advantages in the average case. In a real-time system, however, guarantees on the GC's performance in the worst case are required.
This paper explains how the single-CPU real-time GC of the Java implementation JamaicaVM was changed to make it a hard real-time garbage collector that is parallel and concurrent. Parallel means that an arbitrary number of CPUs may perform GC work in parallel, while concurrent means that the GC work can be performed concurrently to the application code without pre-empting the application. In addition, the single units of work that this garbage collector has to perform are very small and uniform and the total amount of GC work is bounded by a function of the heap size, such that it becomes possible for any application that has a bounded amount of reachable memory to run the GC work such that sufficient GC progress can be ensured for the application never to run out of heap space.
Parasol and GreenSwitch
Authors: Goiri Íñigo , Katsak William , Le Kien , Nguyen Thu D. , Bianchini Ricardo 
Published: April 2020

Several companies have recently announced plans to build "green" datacenters, i.e. datacenters partially or completely powered by renewable energy. These datacenters will either generate their own renewable energy or draw it directly from an existing nearby plant. Besides reducing carbon footprints, renewable energy can potentially reduce energy costs, reduce peak power costs, or both. However, certain renewable fuels are intermittent, which requires approaches for tackling the energy supply variability. One approach is to use batteries and/or the electrical grid as a backup for the renewable energy. It may also be possible to adapt the workload to match the renewable energy supply. For highest benefits, green datacenter operators must intelligently manage their workloads and the sources of energy at their disposal.
In this paper, we first discuss the tradeoffs involved in building green datacenters today and in the future. Second, we present Parasol, a prototype green datacenter that we have built as a research platform. Parasol comprises a small container, a set of solar panels, a battery bank, and a grid-tie. Third, we describe GreenSwitch, our model-based approach for dynamically scheduling the workload and selecting the source of energy to use. Our real experiments with Parasol, GreenSwitch, and MapReduce workloads demonstrate that intelligent workload and energy source management can produce significant cost reductions. Our results also isolate the cost implications of peak power management, storing energy on the grid, and the ability to delay the MapReduce jobs. Finally, our results demonstrate that careful workload and energy source management can minimize the negative impact of electrical grid outages.