bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How tasks change whole-brain functional organization to reveal brain-phenotype relationships
Authors: Greene Abigail S. , Gao Siyuan , Noble Stephanie , Scheinost Dustin , Constable R. Todd 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFunctional connectivity (FC) calculated from task fMRI data better reveals brain-phenotype relationships than rest-based FC, but how tasks have this effect is unknown. In over 700 individuals performing 7 tasks, we use psychophysiological interaction (PPI) and predictive modeling analyses to demonstrate that task-induced changes in FC successfully predict phenotype, and these changes are not simply driven by task activation. Activation, however, is useful for prediction only if the in-scanner task is related to the predicted phenotype. Given this evidence that tasks change patterns of FC independent of activation to amplify brain-phenotype relationships, we develop and apply an inter-subject PPI analysis to further characterize these predictive FC changes. We find that task-induced consistency of FC patterns across individuals is useful for prediction—to a point; these results suggest that tasks improve FC-based prediction performance by de-noising the BOLD signal, revealing meaningful individual differences in brain functional organization. Together, these findings demonstrate that, when it comes to the effects of in-scanner tasks on the brain, focal activation is only the tip of the iceberg, and they offer a framework to best leverage both task activation and FC to reveal the neural bases of complex human traits, symptoms, and behaviors.
Ectoderm to mesoderm transition by downregulation of actomyosin contractility
Authors: Kashkooli Leily , Rozema David , Espejo-Ramirez Lina , Lasko Paul , Fagotto François 
Published: December 2019

SummaryCollective migration of cohesive tissues is a fundamental process in morphogenesis, and is particularly well illustrated during gastrulation by the rapid and massive internalization of the mesoderm, which contrasts with the much more modest movements of the ectoderm. In the Xenopus embryo, the differences in morphogenetic capabilities of ectoderm and mesoderm can be connected to the intrinsic motility of individual cells, very low for ectoderm, highly for mesoderm. Surprisingly, we find these seemingly deep differences can be accounted for simply by differences in Rock-dependent actomyosin contractility. We show that Rock inhibition is sufficient to rapidly unleash motility in the ectoderm and confer it with mesoderm-like properties. In the mesoderm, this motility is dependent on two negative regulators of RhoA, the small GTPase Rnd1 and the RhoGAP Shirin/Dlc2/ArhGAP37. Both are absolutely essential for gastrulation. At the cellular and tissue level, the two regulators show overlapping yet distinct functions. They both contribute to decrease cortical tension and confer motility, but Shirin tends to increase tissue fluidity and stimulate dispersion, while Rnd1 tends to favour more compact collective migration. Thus, each is able to contribute to a specific property of the migratory behaviour of the mesoderm. We propose that the “ectoderm to mesoderm transition” is a prototypic case of collective migration driven by a downregulation of cellular tension, without the need for the complex changes traditionally associated with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Rif1 functions in a tissue-specific manner to control replication timing through its PP1-binding motif
Authors: Armstrong Robin L. , Das Souradip , Hill Christina A. , Duronio Robert J. , Nordman Jared T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReplication initiation in eukaryotic cells occurs asynchronously throughout S phase, yielding early and late replicating regions of the genome, a process known as replication timing (RT). RT changes during development to ensure accurate genome duplication and maintain genome stability. To understand the relative contributions that cell lineage, cell cycle, and replication initiation regulators have on RT, we utilized the powerful developmental systems available in Drosophila melanogaster. We generated and compared RT profiles from mitotic cells of different tissues and from mitotic and endocycling cells of the same tissue. Our results demonstrate that cell lineage has the largest effect on RT, whereas switching from a mitotic to an endoreplicative cell cycle has little to no effect on RT. Additionally, we demonstrate that the RT differences we observed in all cases are largely independent of transcriptional differences. We also employed a genetic approach in these same cell types to understand the relative contribution the eukaryotic RT control factor, Rif1, has on RT control. Our results demonstrate that Rif1 can function in a tissue-specific manner to control RT. Importantly, the Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) binding motif of Rif1 is essential for Rif1 to regulate RT. Together, our data support a model in which the RT program is primarily driven by cell lineage and is further refined by Rif1/PP1 to ultimately generate tissue-specific RT programs.
A novel cis regulatory element regulates human XIST in CTCF-dependent manner
Authors: Shah Rini , Sharma Ankita , Kelkar Ashwin , Sengupta Kundan , Galande Sanjeev 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe long non-coding RNA XIST is the master regulator for the process of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in mammalian females. Here we report the existence of a hitherto uncharacterized cis regulatory element (cRE) within the first exon of human XIST, which determines the transcriptional status of XIST during the initiation and maintenance phases of XCI. In the initiation phase, pluripotency factors bind to this cRE and keep XIST repressed. In the maintenance phase of XCI, the cRE is enriched for CTCF which activates XIST transcription. By employing a CRISPR-dCas9-KRAB based interference strategy, we demonstrate that binding of CTCF to the newly identified cRE is critical for regulating XIST in a YY1-dependent manner. Collectively, our study uncovers the combinatorial effect of multiple transcriptional regulators influencing XIST expression during the initiation and maintenance phases of XCI.
NASA electrified aircraft propulsion efforts
Authors: Jansen Ralph H. , Bowman Cheryl L. , Clarke Sean , Avanesian David , Dempsey Paula J. , Dyson Rodger W. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to review national aeronautics and space administration (NASA’s) broad investments in electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP). NASA investments are guided by an assessment of potential market impacts, technical key performance parameters, and technology readiness attained through a combination of studies, enabling fundamental research and flight research.

Design/methodology/approach
The impact of EAP varies by market and NASA is considering three markets as follows: national/international, on-demand mobility and short-haul regional air transport. Technical advances in key areas have been made that indicate EAP is a viable technology. Flight research is underway to demonstrate integrated solutions and inform standards and certification processes.

Findings
A key finding is that sufficient technical advances in key areas have been made, which indicate EAP is a viable technology for aircraft. Significant progress has been made to reduce EAP adoption barriers and further work is needed to transition the technology to a commercial product and improve the technology, so it is applicable to large transonic aircraft.

Practical implications
Significant progress has been made to reduce EAP adoption barriers and further work is needed to transition the technology to a commercial product and improve the technology, so it is applicable to large transonic aircraft.

Originality/value
This paper will review the activities of the hybrid gas-electric subproject of the Advanced Air Transport Technology Project, the Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology Project and the X-57 Flight Demonstration Project, and discuss the potential EAP benefits for commercial and military applications. This paper focuses on the vehicle-related activities, however, there are related NASA activities in air space management and vehicle autonomy activities, as well as a breakthrough technology project called the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions Project. The target audience is people interested in EAP.
Financial development and agricultural performance in Nigeria: what role do institutions play?
Authors: Raifu Isiaka Akande , Aminu Alarudeen 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The centrality of agricultural sector to the economy, particularly in developing countries, has drawn the attention of researchers to critically examine different factors determining the performance of the sector. Given that massive investment is required to ensure maximum productivity in the sector, one of the factors identified is the issue of financing. However, financing agricultural sector in a poor institutional environment can be depressing. In the light of this, the purpose of this paper is to examine the nexus between financial development and agricultural performance in Nigeria with a view to investigating the role of institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
The study employed annual data spanning the period from 1981 to 2016. Three indicators of financial development and five institutional variables were used. Besides, for robust analysis, the study also computed an aggregate measure of financial development and institutions using principal component method. Autoregressive distributed lag method of estimation was used to examine the short-run and long-run effects of financial development on agricultural performance in Nigeria.

Findings
The findings showed that financial development has a positive impact on agricultural performance in Nigeria. However, this positive impact is being undermined by institutional variables.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the only study that examines the mediating role of institutional factors such as the rule of law, control of corruption, etc., in the financial development–agricultural performance nexus in Nigeria.
FactQA: question answering over domain knowledge graph based on two-level query expansion
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Meng Mingming , Sun Xiaoling , Bai Yu 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
With the advent of the era of Big Data, the scale of knowledge graph (KG) in various domains is growing rapidly, which holds huge amount of knowledge surely benefiting the question answering (QA) research. However, the KG, which is always constituted of entities and relations, is structurally inconsistent with the natural language query. Thus, the QA system based on KG is still faced with difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to answer the domain-specific questions based on KG, providing conveniences for the information query over domain KG.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose a method FactQA to answer the factual questions about specific domain. A series of logical rules are designed to transform the factual questions into the triples, in order to solve the structural inconsistency between the user’s question and the domain knowledge. Then, the query expansion strategies and filtering strategies are proposed from two levels (i.e. words and triples in the question). For matching the question with domain knowledge, not only the similarity values between the words in the question and the resources in the domain knowledge but also the tag information of these words is considered. And the tag information is obtained by parsing the question using Stanford CoreNLP. In this paper, the KG in metallic materials domain is used to illustrate the FactQA method.

Findings
The designed logical rules have time stability for transforming the factual questions into the triples. Additionally, after filtering the synonym expansion results of the words in the question, the expansion quality of the triple representation of the question is improved. The tag information of the words in the question is considered in the process of data matching, which could help to filter out the wrong matches.

Originality/value
Although the FactQA is proposed for domain-specific QA, it can also be applied to any other domain besides metallic materials domain. For a question that cannot be answered, FactQA would generate a new related question to answer, providing as much as possible the user with the information they probably need. The FactQA could facilitate the user’s information query based on the emerging KG.
Impact of AI regulation on intention to use robots
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the citizens to use robots that would improve the quality of life of the citizens.

Design/methodology/approach
With the help of different adoption theories and models and with the support of background studies, some hypotheses have been formulated and a conceptual model has been developed with the consideration of the impact of artificial intelligence regulation (IAR) that controls the use of robots as a moderator. The model has been validated and the hypotheses have been tested by statistical analysis with the help of survey works involving consideration of feedbacks from 503 usable respondents.

Findings
The study reveals that the use of robots by the citizens would appreciably increase if government imposes strict artificial intelligence (AI) regulatory control concerning the use of robots, and in that case, it appears that the use of robots would improve the quality of life of the citizens.

Research limitations/implications
The duly validated model would help the authority to appropriately nurse and nurture the factors such as ethical dilemma, perceived risks and control beliefs for enhancing the intention of the citizens to use robots for many purposes including domestic usage in the context of appropriate restrictions imposed through AI regulation. Such use of robots would eventually improve the quality of life.

Originality/value
There are a few studies covering analysis of IAR as a moderator on the linkages of the predictors with the intention of the citizens to use robots. In this context, this study is claimed to have offered a novel contribution.
Impact of statutory regulation and key internal factors on firm’s corporate social responsibility
Authors: Chakraborty Ashok 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of statutory regulatory order by the government on the degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and disclosures. It also aims to empirically investigate the relationship of a firm’s key internal and governance factors with CSR performance and disclosures.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on empirical data from all banking firms listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) for a period of 2011-2015. The difference in difference analysis has been used to test the regulatory impact, where content analysis has been performed to find CSR disclosure scores. The multivariate regression analysis has been used to test hypotheses to find impact of firm’s internal factor on CSR disclosures.

Findings
The analysis and results of the study show that there is no significant impact of statutory regulatory impact on a firm’s level of CSR performance and disclosure. On the other hand, the study has found that board expertizes and board meetings have significant positive impact on firm’s CSR while no significant impact is found for firm networks to influence firm’s CSR disclosures.

Research limitations/implications
The main research limitation of the study is that it covers all listed firms of the banking industry in Bangladesh. Because of data inconsistency, other industries are not included in the data sample of this study.

Originality/value
The value of the study lies in its contribution to the empirical investigation of regulatory impact and key internal and governance factors in a developing country perspective, which will add value to the CSR literature.
School staff advice-seeking patterns regarding support for vulnerable students
Authors: Ortega Lorena , Thompson Ian , Daniels Harry 
Published: December 2019

PurposeSupporting the learning and wellbeing of vulnerable students is an important yet challenging part of school educators’ work. The purpose of this paper is to investigate advice-seeking patterns around the issue of supporting the learning and wellbeing of vulnerable students, among professional staff in six English secondary schools. The paper focuses on investigating variation in advice-seeking patterns among schools, exploring the association between these patterns and staff perceptions of the school climate for collaboration, and examining how these informal advice-seeking patterns relate to formal support arrangements in the schools.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach that combined findings from social network analysis with in-depth interviews was used.FindingsIt was found that advice-seeking patterns among staff vary substantively, even among similar schools. Furthermore, schools with more cohesive and reciprocal advice networks also showed a stronger climate for collaboration (i.e. mutual respect and distributed leadership). Also, formal organizational structures and informal advice-seeking structures showed coherence in the sample, as formally designated leaders, such as the Headteacher and the Special Educational Needs Coordinators, were generally highly central to their schools’ advice network.Originality/valueThis study advances the field as there is little research that examines the social networks of educators in England, and no previous studies that explore teacher advice-seeking networks in relation to supporting vulnerable students, internationally.
Entrepreneurs
Authors: Price Gregory 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider if self-employed entrepreneurs, a class of individuals who require enforceable property rights to create new firms and ideas that could increase a society’s material living standards, constitute an individual property rights enforcement mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
With data from the General Social Survey, the authors estimate the parameters of mixed-effects categorical regression specifications to measure the effect of self-employment on confidence in the US Supreme Court, raising and donating funds for social or political activities, and on trying to persuade others to share political views.

Findings
The findings suggest that self-employed entrepreneurs are one of the guarantors of a constitutional democracy based on an ethic of individual property rights, and public policies that are pro-entrepreneurship help mitigate the risk of constitutional failure, and maximize society’s material living and ethical standards.

Research limitations/implications
The results are based on cross-sectional data, which do not account for dynamic changes in preferences.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that self-employed entrepreneurs are a enforcement mechanism and a guarantor of an ethic of private property rights necessary for the ongoing success and viability of a constitutional democracy based on individual property rights.

Social implications
The findings suggest that as entrepreneurs constitute an enforcement mechanism for individual property rights, to the extent that entrepreneurialism also cultivates individual virtue entrepreneurs also serve as guarantors of a moral and ethical society that is based on virtue, which results in a constitutional democracy with high material living and ethical/moral standards.

Originality/value
This paper is among the first to empirically test whether entrepreneurs are an enforcement mechanism for individual property rights.
Lessons from integrated care pilots in England
Authors: Edwards Nigel 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of some of the lessons about implementing different types of integrated care.

Design/methodology/approach
The author used evidence from the author’s own evaluations and the findings of other researchers to identify some important lessons for policy makers and practitioners.

Findings
The author identifies eight high-level lessons which may be of interest to policy makers and practitioners working in the field.

Research limitations/implications
The lessons outlined in the paper provide only a starting point for those designing interventions or evaluation.

Practical implications
The changes required to implement integrated care are complex and are embedded in a complex context. Change of this type is difficult and generally takes longer to deliver than expected. The evaluation of these models often requires longer than is often available and needs to focus on the impact on the whole system rather than narrow measures, e.g. hospital utilisation.

Originality/value
This is a viewpoint paper synthesising evidence from the English pilot programmes in integrated care.
What do you know about me? Digital privacy and online data sharing in the UK insurance sector
Authors: Blakesley Ian R. , Yallop Anca C. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeIn addition to data transforming the insurance sector from within, insurance consumers and their behaviour has transformed significantly over the past 20 years from traditional retail to, predominantly, online trading. Data are a fundamental part of how the sector operates, and the use of data in insurance is constantly evolving. This paper aims to explore consumer perceptions about digital privacy and their subsequent motivations to disclose personal data for insurance purposes.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses an exploratory research approach based on in-depth interviews to generate metathemes to provide an understanding of consumer perceptions about digital privacy and data sharing in the insurance sector.FindingsConsumers were extrinsically motivated to disclose data by financial reward and convenience; however, subsequent intrinsic motivations may be an influence on the initial motivations. Consumers perceived transactions as “fair” if they received the expected rewards, retained control of the data, and the data was not unilaterally used to their detriment. Concern for privacy was generally low, provided antecedent conditions were met.Research limitations/implicationsAs the study uses an exploration for discovery approach, the main limitation of this study is its small sample. However, this research aimed to identify metathemes and issues that may be the focus of future research in this area and is, therefore, not proposing to suggest strong conclusions and definitive answers.Originality/valueThis paper presents the first empirical research to examine data privacy issues in the UK insurance context. It contributes to knowledge in the areas of motivation, applied ethics and online consumer behaviour in general.
Investigating thermal developing zone of compressible laminar flow inside hot tube
Authors: Abolpour Bahador , Shamsoddini Rahim 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Increasing the temperature of gas flows passing through hot tubes is one of the industrial interests. Operations in the gas phase with high temperature variations involve engineers with the compressible fluids problems. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a mathematical three-dimensional turbulent model is applied for investigating the heat transfer and laminar gas flow inside the thermal developing zone of a hot tube. The Favre Averaged Navier–Stokes and energy equations and also the Reynolds Stress Model are numerically solved to obtain the fluid velocity and temperature profiles inside this the tube. This model is validated using the experimental data and also well-known formulas in this science.

Findings
Finally, effects of inlet volumetric flow rate, heating conditions of the tube wall and tube angle on the temperature and velocity distributions of the gaseous phase inside this zone are investigated.

Originality/value
The compressible laminar gas flow and also heat transfer in the thermal developing zone of a hot tube is studied using a three-dimensional turbulent model.