bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fission studies at IGISOL/JYFLTRAP: Simulations of the ion guide for neutron-induced fission and comparison with experimental data
Authors: Gao Z. , Solders A. , Al-Adili A. , Canete L. , Eronen T. , Gorelov D. , Jokinen A. , Kankainen A. , Lantz M. , Mattera A. , Moore I.D. , Nesterenko D.A. , Penttilä H. , Pohjalainen I. , Rakopoulos V. , Rinta-Antila S. , Vilén M. , Pomp S. 
Published: September 2020

For the production of exotic nuclei at the IGISOL facility, an ion guide for neutron-induced fission has been developed and tested in experiments. Fission fragments are produced inside the ion guide and collected using a helium buffer gas. Meanwhile, a GEANT4 model has been developed to simulate the transportation and stopping of the charged fission products. In a recent measurement of neutron-induced fission yields, implantation foils were located at different positions in the ion guide. The gamma spectra from these foils and the fission targets are compared to the results from the GEANT4 simulation.
In order to allow fission yield measurements in the low yield regions, towards the tails and in the symmetric part of the mass distribution, the stopping and extraction efficiency of the ion guide has to be significantly improved. This objective can be achieved by increasing the size while introducing electric field guidance using a combination of static electrodes and an RF-carpet. To this end, the GEANT4 model is used to optimise the design of such an ion guide.
Revisionsendoprothetik des Kniegelenks
Authors: Kremer Michael , Gramlich Yves , Hoffmann Reinhard 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Kombination aus steigender Lebenserwartung, Zunahme der Risikofaktoren für eine Gonarthrose gepaart mit hohem funktionellem Anspruch bis ins hohe Lebensalter führt zu einer Zunahme der Implantationszahlen primärer Knieendoprothesen. Folglich nimmt auch die Häufigkeit von Revisionseingriffen drastisch zu. Klare Konzepte sind notwendig, um gute Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Strategien der Revisionsendoprothetik des Kniegelenks.
Swedish National Multicenter Study on Head and Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary: Prognostic Factors and Impact of Treatment on Survival
Authors: Axelsson Lars , Holmberg Erik , Nyman Jan , Högmo Anders , Sjödin Helena , Gebre-Medhin Maria , von Beckerath Mathias , Ekberg Tomas , Farnebo Lisa , Talani Charbel , Spak Lena Norberg , Notstam Isak , Hammerlid Eva 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is a rare condition whose prognostic factors that are significant for survival vary between studies. No randomized treatment study has been performed thus far, and the optimal treatment is not established.
Objective The present study aimed to explore various prognostic factors and compare the two main treatments for HNCUP: neck dissection and (chemo) radiation vs primary (chemo) radiation.
Methods A national multicenter study was performed with data from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR) and from the patients' medical records from 2008 to 2012.
Results Two-hundred and sixty HNCUP patients were included. The tumors were HPV-positive in 80%. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients treated with curative intent was 71%. Age (p < 0.001), performance status (p= 0.036), and N stage (p= 0.046) were significant factors for overall survival according to the multivariable analysis. Treatment with neck dissection and (chemo) radiation (122 patients) gave an overall 5-year survival of 73%, and treatment with primary (chemo) radiation (87 patients) gave an overall 5-year survival of 71%, with no significant difference in overall or disease-free survival between the 2 groups.
Conclusions Age, performance status, and N stage were significant prognostic factors. Treatment with neck dissection and (chemo) radiation and primary (chemo) radiation gave similar survival outcomes. A randomized treatment study that includes quality of life is needed to establish the optimal treatment.
Extended High Frequency Audiometry for Revealing Sudden Sensory Neural Hearing Loss in Acute Tinnitus Patients
Authors: Abu-Eta Rani , Gavriel Haim , Pitaro Jacob 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction The measurement of extended high-frequency (EHF) audiometry has become more popular recently, mainly in connection with ototoxicity and noiseinduced hearing loss. New-onset tinnitus evaluation includes a standard hearing test that shows no pathology.
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility that acute tinnitus is essentially connected to sudden sensory neural hearing loss (SSNHL), by utilizing EHF audiometry in cases in which standard audiometry for frequencies between 250 Hz to 8 kHz is within normal limits.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted between January 2009 and May 2014 that included all patients presenting with acute tinnitus and normal standard audiometry. All patients underwent EHF audiometry and were treated accordingly.
Results Thirty-two patients with acute tinnitus and asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss on EHF audiometry were identified. The average deltas between the ears were between 9.2 and 33dB (worse in the affected ear).
Conclusion Extended high-frequency audiometry up to 20,000 Hz should be performed in all patients with acute tinnitus and standard audiometry within normal limits.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Postoperative Neck Hematomas: An Analysis of 5,900 Thyroidectomies Performed at a Cancer Center
Authors: de Carvalho Andre Ywata , Gomes Camila Couto , Chulam Thiago Celestino , Vartanian Jose Guilherme , Carvalho Genival Barbosa , Lira Renan Bezerra , Kohler Hugo Fontan , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Postoperative neck hematoma (PNH) is an uncommon but potentially-lethal complication of thyroid surgery.
Objective To identify the risk factors for postthyroidectomy hematoma requiring reoperation, the timing, the source of the bleeding, the related respiratory distress requiring tracheotomy, and the late outcomes.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of 5,900 consecutive patients submitted to surgery for thyroid diseases at a single institution.
Results In total, PNH occurred in 62 (1.1%) patients. Most cases of bleeding occurred within the first 6 hours after thyroidectomy, but 12.5% of the hematomas were observed after 24 hours. Obvious bleeding points were detected in 58.1% of the patients during the reoperation, with inferior thyroid artery branches and superior thyroid vessels being the most frequent bleeding sources. Only two patients required urgent tracheostomy. There were no hematoma-related deaths. Permanent hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury are more frequent following reoperation for PNH. The factors significantly associated with PNH were: older age, concurrent lymph node dissection, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Gender, previous neck irradiation, presentation at diagnosis (symptomatic or incidental), substernal goiter, thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, prior thyroid surgery, malignant histology, the extent of the surgery (total versus non-total thyroidectomy), the use of energy-based vessel sealing devices, the use of the hemostatic agent Surgicel, and the placement of a surgical drain were not significantly associated with PNH.
Conclusion Hematoma after thyroid surgery is an uncommon complication, but it is related to significant postoperative morbidity. A better understanding of the risk factors and of the time until hematoma formation can help target high-risk patients for preventive measures and closer postoperative observation.
Head and Neck Practice in the COVID-19 Pandemics Today: A Rapid Systematic Review
Authors: Hojaij Flavio Carneiro , Chinelatto Lucas Albuquerque , Boog Gustavo Henrique Pereira , Kasmirski Júlia Adriana , Lopes João Vitor Ziroldo , Medeiros Vitor Macedo Brito 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Head and neck specialists and otorhinolaryngologists are greatly exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in their everyday praxis. Many articles are being published regarding medical staff protection and patient management during the pandemic.
Objective To provide an easy access to and a trustful review of the main aspects that have changed in the head and neck surgery and otorhinolaryngology practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Data Synthesis The search terms used were: (head and neck or otorhinolaryngology or ORL or thyroid) AND (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-COV-2] or COVID-19 or CORONAVIRUS). The results were limited to the year of 2020. Articles were read in English, Portuguese, French, German, and Spanish or translated from Chinese. All included articles were read by at least two authors. Thirty-five articles were included. Most articles suggest postponing elective surgeries, with exception to cancer surgeries, which should be evaluated separately. Twenty-five articles recommended some kind of screening prior to surgery, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and epidemiological data. Extra precautions, such as use of personal protective equipment (PPE), are suggested for both tracheostomies and endoscopies. Fifteen articles give recommendation on how to use telemedicine.
Conclusion The use of PPE (N95 or powered air-purifying respirator [PAPR]) during procedures should be mandatory. Patients should be evaluated about their COVID-19 status before hospital admission. Cancer should be treated. Tracheostomy tube cuff should be inflated inside the tracheal incision. All COVID-19 precautions should be kept until there is a validated antiviral treatment or an available vaccine.
High CD4+ T-Cell/B-Cell Ratio in the Paranasal Sinus Mucosa of Patients with Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Inoue Akiko , Tanaka Yuriko , Ohira Shinya , Matsuura Kentaro , Kondo Motonari , Wada Kota 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is commonly classified based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps (NPs). Eosinophil infiltration is observed in NPs of patients in Western countries. In contrast, in East Asian countries, including Japan, CRS with NPs (CRSwNP) is subdivided based on the presence (eosinophilic CRS [ECRS]) or absence (non-eosinophilic CRS [NECRS]) of eosinophils in NPs. However, detailed analyses of other immune cells, such as lymphocytes, in NPs have not been performed. Therefore, clarification of the types of cells that infiltrate NPs is important to understand CRS pathogenesis.Objectives We analyzed the lymphocytes that infiltrate the paranasal sinus mucosa of ECRS and NECRS patients.Methods Eighteen patients with CRSwNP participated in this study, out of whom 6 were NECRS patients, and 12 were ECRS patients. The mucosa specimens, collected from patients during sinus surgeries, were subjected to collagenase treatment to prepare single cell suspensions. Then, mononuclear cells were isolated, and CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD20+ B-cell populations were examined using flow cytometry.Results In both NECRS and ECRS patients, CD8+ T-cells were dominant over CD4+ T-cells. Notably, CD4+ T-cell/B-cell ratio, but not CD8+ T-cell/B-cell or CD4+ T-cell/CD8+ T-cell ratios, was significantly higher in ECRS patients than in NECRS patients.Conclusion The CD4+ T-cell/B-cell ratio can be used as a potential indicator to differentiate between ECRS and NECRS.
Sialendoscopy for Improvement of Salivary Flow in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome - Comparative Analysis of Intraglandular Washing Solutions
Authors: Pascoto Gabriela Robaskewicz , Gasparin Andrese Aline , Piltcher Otávio Bejzman , Kuhl Gabriel , Cavazzola Leandro Totti 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Among the potential diseases that present altered salivary flow and activity is Sjögren syndrome. Sialendoscopy seems to be an important therapeutic option.
Objective To compare the results obtained with sialendoscopy for improving salivary flow measured by scintigraphy in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome to those obtained with other intraglandular washing solutions.
Methods Patients from our institution's rheumatology clinic diagnosed with primary Sjögren syndrome underwent parotid scintigraphy prior to the sialendoscopy procedure. During the sialendoscopy procedure, one of the parotid glands was randomized to receive a wash with saline while the other was washed with a corticosteroid solution. After 1 month, a new scintigraphy examination of the parotid glands was performed to observe the salivary flow for comparison.
Results A total of 13 female patients with mean age of 53.38 years (range, 27–76 years) were included in this study. After sialendoscopy, 10 patients (76.92%) were observed to have improvement in salivary excretion with radiopharmaceutical during scintigraphy. When analyzing each gland that was treated separately (26 glands), after sialendoscopy, improvement was observed in 18 glands (69.23%), 8 treated with dexamethasone and 10 with saline solution in the wash. There was no improvement in 8 glands (30.77%).
Conclusion This study demonstrates that sialendoscopy is as an important tool to improve salivary flow measured by scintigraphy in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome, increasing salivary excretion through dilation and consequent unblocking of the ducts. These data suggest that there is no statistically significant difference between intraductal washing solutions using saline or dexamethasone solution.
Layer-dependent interface adhesion energy of graphene in a curved substrate
Authors: Chen Jia , He Yan , Zhu Weiling , Ouyang Gang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to clarify the interface adhesion properties between graphene (Gr) membrane and curved substrate, we investigate three kinds of systems, including Gr/Si nanowire, Gr/Si nanotube and Gr/silicene in terms of continuum medium mechanics and nanothermodynamics. We find that the interface adhesion energy is determined by the thickness of the Gr and curvature of the substrate. The coupling role of the surface effect and interface confinement affects the strain energy and induces the strain redistribution in the Gr and curved substrate, resulting in the interface adhesion energy increasing with diminishing thickness of Gr and increasing curvature of the substrate. Our findings can be expected to be applied to the design of Gr-based electronic devices.
The electric field at the hole-injecting metal/organic interface controls the bias dependence of the current–voltage hole mobility
Authors: Cvikl B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Based upon the room temperature current–voltage data of some published organic diode structures the unique phenomenon of the decreasing hole mobility, μ, with the increasing applied electric field, E
a, is interpreted. The measurable quantity, the hole drift mobility μ
d is formulated in terms of E
a and the electric field at the hole injecting metal/organic interface, E
int, dependent algebraic function multiplied by the intrinsic hole mobility, μ
max that is organic morphology dependent but E
a independent scaling factor. On account that the intrinsic mobility, μ
max, is uncoupled from both E
a and E
int it is shown that the origin of the negative field hole mobility effect occurs due to E
int, that is a linear function of E
a. The bias and the space distribution of the internal organic electric field, E, as well as the free hole density, p, for poly(3-hexylthiophene) is calculated in detail. Depending on the organic layer morphology the internal electric field may exhibit, at the particular value of E
a, a deep well in the vicinity of the hole injecting metal/organic interface. Then the strong peak of the free hole density exists there the effect of which is spreading some 10 nm into the organic. If E
int happens to be E
a independent constant, then from the resulting space charge limited current density, the increasing hole drift mobility, μ
d, with the increasing applied electric field, E
a, is deduced. The published current–voltage data of two distinct metal-substituted phthalocyanine thin films provide an additional confirmation of the described formalism.
Pseudocapacitive behaviour in sol-gel derived electrochromic titania nanostructures
Authors: Giannuzzi Roberto , Prontera Tania , Tobaldi David M , Pugliese Marco , De Marco Luisa , Carallo Sonia , Gigli Giuseppe , Pullar Robert C , Maiorano Vincenzo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nanostructured thin films are widely investigated for application in multifunctional devices thanks to their peculiar optoelectronic properties. In this work anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (average diameter 10 nm) synthesised by a green aqueous sol-gel route are exploited to fabricate optically active electrodes for pseudocapacitive-electrochromic devices. In our approach, highly transparent and homogeneous thin films having a good electronic coupling between nanoparticles are prepared. These electrodes present a spongy-like nanostructure in which the dimension of native nanoparticles is preserved, resulting in a huge surface area. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal that there are significant contributions to the total stored charge from both intercalation capacitance and pseudocapacitance, with a remarkable 50% of the total charge deriving from this second effect. Fast and reversible colouration occurs, with an optical modulation of ∼60% in the range of 315–1660 nm, and a colouration efficiency of 25.1 cm2 C−1 at 550 nm. This combination of pseudocapacitance and electrochromism makes the sol-gel derived titania thin films promising candidates for multifunctional ‘smart windows’.
Proton therapy range verification method via delayed γ-ray spectroscopy of a molybdenum tumour marker
Authors: Burbadge C , Kasanda E , Bildstein V , Dublin G , Olaizola B , Höhr C , Mücher D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, a new method of range verification for proton therapy (PT) is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. If a metal marker is implanted near the tumour site, its response to proton activation will result in the emission of characteristic γ rays. The relative intensity of γ rays originating from competing fusion-evaporation reaction channels provides a unique signature of the average proton energy at the marker, and by extension the beam’s range, in vivo and in real time. The clinical feasibility of this method was investigated at the PT facility at TRIUMF with a proof-of-principle experiment which irradiated a naturally-abundant molybdenum foil at various proton beam energies. Delayed characteristic γ rays were measured with two Compton-shielded LaBr3 scintillators. The technique was successfully demonstrated by relating the relative intensity of two γ-ray peaks to the energy of the beam at the Mo target, opening the door to future clinical applications where the range of the beam can be verified in real time.
Optimal turbine blade design enabled by auxetic honeycomb
Authors: Pal Aniket , Bertoldi Katia , Pham Minh Quan , Schaenzer Megan , Gross Andrew J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gas turbine blades are subjected to unusually harsh operating conditions—rotating at high velocities in gas streams whose temperature can exceed the melting temperature of the blade. In order to survive these conditions, the blade must efficiently transfer heat to an internal cooling flow while effectively managing mechanical stresses. This work describes a new design strategy for the internal structure of turbine blades that makes use of architected materials tailored to reduce stresses and temperatures throughout the blade. A full 3D characterization was first performed to determine the thermomechanical properties of generalized honeycomb materials with different design parameters: honeycomb angle and wall thickness. A turbine blade cross section was then divided into multiple discrete domains so that different generalized honeycomb materials could be assigned to each of the domains. Optimization of the material assignments was performed in order to minimize the stress ratio—ratio of the maximum Mises’ stress and the temperature dependent yield stress—in the entire model. The optimized design showed substantial improvement with respect to a baseline model; the factor of safety was increased by 171%, while the maximum Mises’ stress and temperature decreased by 42% and 72% respectively. The use of generalized honeycomb materials allows for local control of the material properties to tune the performance of the turbine blade. The results of the optimization clearly indicate that auxetic honeycombs outperform conventional designs; since their lower in-plane stiffness helps to reduce stresses caused by thermal gradients. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using 3D-printing compatible architected materials in turbine blades to increase their factor of safety and potentially increase operating temperatures to improve thermal efficiency.
Numerical simulation of wavy porous enclosure filled with hybrid nanofluid involving Lorentz effect
Authors: Sheikholeslami M , Hamid M , Haq R U , Shafee Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The objective of current investigation is to perform mathematical modeling of natural convection and magnetic effects on hybrid nanomaterial convective transportation and numerically examined via new approach. The permeable terms in momentum equations based on non-Darcy approach. Mixture of (MWCNT + Fe3O4) with water was employed. Impacts of permeability, Rd, Lorentz force and Ra on nanomaterial treatment have been illustrated via a set of graphs. The isotherms found significantly affected due to an augment in applied magnetic field

H
a
=
60

and increasing values of Darcy number while domain change in the streamlines pattern is perceived for the same intensity of magnetic and Darcy numbers. Moreover, the comparative form study is presented to show the efficiency of the CVFEM while the comparison of results is also asserted with the help of graphs. The comparative analysis is endorsing a good agreement of results with existing literature.
flexiMAP: a regression-based method for discovering differential alternative polyadenylation events in standard RNA-seq data
Authors: Szkop Krzysztof J , Moss David S , Nobeli Irene 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Motivation
We present flexible Modeling of Alternative PolyAdenylation (flexiMAP), a new beta-regression-based method implemented in R, for discovering differential alternative polyadenylation events in standard RNA-seq data.

Results
We show, using both simulated and real data, that flexiMAP exhibits a good balance between specificity and sensitivity and compares favourably to existing methods, especially at low fold changes. In addition, the tests on simulated data reveal some hitherto unrecognized caveats of existing methods. Importantly, flexiMAP allows modeling of multiple known covariates that often confound the results of RNA-seq data analysis.

Availability and implementation
The flexiMAP R package is available at: https://github.com/kszkop/flexiMAP. Scripts and data to reproduce the analysis in this paper are available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3689788.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.