bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the relationship between ageing in place and successful ageing in elderly individuals
Authors: Yalcinoz Baysal Hasret , Aktas Betül , Bakan Ayse Berivan 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundWith the increase in longevity in the world, successful ageing has become an important issue. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ageing in place and successful ageing in elderlies.MethodsThis study, which utilised a descriptive and relational‐screening model, was conducted with the participation of 370 individuals aged 65 and over who were registered in Family Health Centres in a city centre located in the eastern part of Turkey.ResultsThe participating elderlies' Successful Ageing Scale mean score was 54.16 ± 11.32, and the Ageing in Place Scale mean score was 54.24 ± 12.88. While there was a positive, statistically significant relationship between the Successful Ageing Scale total score, the Ageing in Place Scale total score, and living in the same environment, there was a negative, significant relationship between age and the Successful Ageing Scale total score.ConclusionElderlies' successful ageing processes are affected positively by the increase in the duration of living in the same environment and satisfaction level about the place they lived in. Successful ageing is negatively affected by the increase in age. It is recommended that elderly people's living environments should not be changed and their social support networks should be strengthened as much as possible so they can have a successful ageing process.
Tipping the scale? The workings of monetary policy through trade
Authors: Adler Gustavo , Osorio Buitron Carolina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe monetary policy entails demand‐augmenting and diverting effects, and its impact on the trade balance—and on other countries—depends on the magnitude of these opposing effects. Using U.S. data and a sign‐restricted structural vector autoregressive identification, we investigate the importance of these effects. Overall, the results indicate that a monetary loosening (tightening) leads to a strengthening (weakening) of the overall trade balance, indicating that demand diversion dominates. The paper also explores changes in the effects following the global financial crisis, reflecting the impaired monetary transmission mechanism.
A Novel Approach to Latent Class Modelling: Identifying the Various Types of Body Mass Index Individuals
Authors: Brown Sarah , Greene William , Harris Mark 
Published: February 2020

SummaryGiven the increasing prevalence of adult obesity, furthering understanding of the determinants of measures such as the body mass index (BMI) remains high on the policy agenda. We contribute to existing literature on modelling the BMI by proposing an extension to latent class modelling, which serves to unveil a more detailed picture of the determinants of BMI. Interest here lies in latent class analysis with a regression model and predictor variables explaining class membership, a regression model and predictor variables explaining the outcome variable within BMI classes and instances where the BMI classes are naturally ordered and labelled by expected values within class. A simple and generic way of parameterizing both the class probabilities and the statistical representation of behaviours within each class is proposed, that simultaneously preserves the ranking according to class-specific expected values and yields a parsimonious representation of the class probabilities. Based on a wide range of metrics, the newly proposed approach is found to dominate the prevailing approach and, moreover, results are often quite different across the two.
A Multilevel Structural Equation Model for the Interrelationships Between Multiple Latent Dimensions of Childhood Socio-Economic Circumstances, Partnership Transitions and Mid-Life Health
Authors: Zhu Yajing , Steele Fiona , Moustaki Irini 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe propose a multilevel structural equation model to investigate the interrelationships between childhood socio-economic circumstances, partnership formation and stability, and mid-life health, using data from the 1958 British birth cohort. The structural equation model comprises latent class models that characterize the patterns of change in four dimensions of childhood socio-economic circumstances and a joint regression model that relates these categorical latent variables to partnership transitions in adulthood and mid-life health, while allowing for informative dropout. The model can be extended to handle multiple outcomes of mixed types and at different levels in a hierarchical data structure.
High‐grade intramuscular tendon disruption in acute hamstring injury and return to play in Australian Football players
Authors: Eggleston Luke , McMeniman Morgan , Engstrom Craig 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundRecent literature has reported intramuscular tendon (IT) disruption is associated with longer return to play (RTP) following acute hamstring injury.ObjectivesInvestigate whether an increase in hamstring injury severity involving high‐grade IT disruption and proximal injury location is associated with longer RTP times in elite Australian Rules Football (AFL) players.MethodsHamstring injury records and RTP times from one professional AFL club were obtained over six seasons. MRI of injuries was retrospectively reviewed by a musculo‐skeletal radiologist blinded to RTP information. A simplified four‐grade classification of acute hamstring injuries was developed based on IT disruption severity and proximodistal injury location. MR0 had no observable MRI tissue damage; MR1 involved muscle‐tendon junction, myofascial and low‐grade IT injuries; MR2 involved distal and/or single muscle high‐grade IT injuries, and MR3 involved high‐grade IT injuries of the proximal biceps femoris (BF) IT with concomitant injury to BF+ semitendinosus muscles.ResultsForty‐one injuries were available for analysis. Median RTP times were as follows: MR0, 14 days; MR1, 21 days; MR2, 35 days; and MR3, 88 days. For MRI‐positive injuries (MR1, MR2, MR3), there was a significant difference in the distributions of RTP, with increased injury severity associated with increased RTP times (P < .001). The distributions of RTP were significantly different between MR1 vs MR2 (P = .008), MR1 vs MR3 (P = .002), and MR2 vs MR3 (P = .012).ConclusionIn elite AFL players, acute hamstring injuries with high‐grade IT disruption identified on MRI were associated with increased times to RTP compared to injuries with low‐grade or no IT disruption.
Successful medical management of perinephric abscess and urosepsis following urethral obstruction in a cat
Authors: Norkus Christopher L. , Keir Iain 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and medical management of a cat with perinephric abscessation and urosepsis following urethral obstruction and catheterization.Case SummaryA 2‐year‐old intact male domestic shorthaired cat presented to an emergency and referral center for lethargy, vomiting, and hematuria. Severe azotemia and hyperkalemia were observed on a serum biochemistry panel. The patient was diagnosed with urethral obstruction and was treated with urethral catheterization, calcium gluconate, IV fluid therapy, buprenorphine, and prazosin. The patient's azotemia improved, and the hyperkalemia resolved. Urinary catheterization was discontinued. The patient developed pyrexia, worsening azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and dysuria. Urethral catheterization was repeated. Abdominal radiographs showed left renomegaly, and abdominal ultrasound revealed left perinephric fluid. Ultrasound‐guided centesis of the perinephric fluid revealed septic inflammation, and the sample was consistent with urine based upon sample creatinine. Fluid from the perinephric abscess and urine from the bladder both grewPasturellaspp. The patient was treated with perinephric catheterization, saline lavage, and a continuous infusion of cefotaxime for 72 h. The patient's azotemia quickly resolved, and the patient was discharged after 6 days of hospitalization. The patient was reported to have made a full recovery.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first described case of perinephric abscess and urosepsis following urethral obstruction in a cat and its successful medical management. Perinephric abscess not associated with intrarenal abscess has not previously been identified. Additionally, continuous antimicrobial infusion to treat overwhelming infection and the use of the RapidBac Vet immunoassay for point‐of‐care detection of urinary tract infection has not been described in cats.
La aplicación de la función social de la propiedad intelectual a través del abuso del derecho: Un análisis necesario para el sistema de derecho civil
Authors: Uribe Piedrahita Carlos Andrés , Contreras Jaramillo Juan Camilo , Arbouin Gómez Felipe 
Published: February 2020

En los sistemas de tradición civil los límites a la propiedad intelectual suelen estar estructurados desde la perspectiva de las regulaciones generales y abstractas que el legislador ha prejuzgado como necesarios y pertinentes. Aunque reconocemos la importancia y utilidad de este tipo de decisiones normativas, también debemos señalar que las mismas pueden obviar escenarios particulares no incorporados en una norma de carácter general, o que por sus características (temporales o modales) no pudieron ser tenidos en cuenta al momento de crear el límite normativo. En este sentido, proponemos el uso de la figura del abuso del derecho como un eventual remedio para el ejercicio antisocial de derechos de propiedad intelectual. Y para tal efecto, utilizaremos la función social de la propiedad intelectual como criterio para definir los casos en que el uso abusivo (contrario a los propósitos del derecho) puede ser determinado; siempre y cuando, la estructura teórica utilizada permita entender a la función social como un límite a la propiedad, dado que, en el caso contrario, el ejercicio antisocial de la propiedad intelectual deberá ser entendido simplemente como una violación al mismo derecho por parte de su titular. Finalmente, presentaremos el caso de una figura similar, el Misuse en propiedad intelectual, la cual ha servido para este mismo propósito en el sistema del common law.
Análisis de la cesión de créditos en algunos Códigos Latinoamericanos, con miras a su actualización
Authors: Camacho López María Elisa 
Published: February 2020

En los últimos años la regulación de la cesión de créditos ha sido objeto de importantes cambios al interior de algunos códigos civiles latinoamericanos, en ocasiones como consecuencia del influjo ejercido por experiencias codificadoras foráneas, otras por la influencia de los proyectos de armonización y unificación del derecho, pero podríamos afirmar indudablemente que también es la evolución misma de la figura la que ha llevado a que algunos códigos se separen, en cierta medida, de la disciplina con que inicialmente fue introducida la cesión de créditos en los códigos decimonónicos.
En nuestra opinión estas modificaciones han conducido, indudablemente a su consolidación y actualización, por lo que resulta conveniente evidenciar esos cambios que se han producido a la luz de la disciplina tradicional, para analizar los aspectos favorables y desfavorables de los mismos.
Prestall Instability in Axial Flow Compressors
Authors: Eck Mario , Rückert Roland , Peitsch Dieter , Lehmann Marc 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to improve the physical understanding of discrete prestall flow disturbances developing in the tip area of the compressor rotor. For this purpose, a complementary instrumentation was used in a single-stage axial compressor. A set of pressure transducers evenly distributed along the circumference surface mounted in the casing near the rotor tip leading edges measures the time-resolved wall pressures simultaneously to an array of transducers recording the chordwise static pressures. The latter allows for plotting quasi-instantaneous casing pressure contours. Any occurring flow disturbances can be properly classified using validated frequency analysis methods applied to the data from the circumferential sensors. While leaving the flow coefficient constant, a continuously changing number of prestall flow disturbances appears to be causing a unique spectral signature, which is known from investigations on rotating instability. Any arising number of disturbances is matching a specific mode order found within this signature. While the flow coefficient is reduced, the propagation speed of prestall disturbances increases linearly, and meanwhile, the speed seems to be independent from the clearance size. Casing contour plots phase-locked to the rotor additionally provide a strong hint on prestall disturbances clearly not to be caused by a leading edge separation. Data taken beyond the stalling limit demonstrate a complex superposition of stall cells and flow disturbances, which the title “prestall disturbance” therefore does not fit to precisely any more. Different convection speeds allow the phenomena to be clearly distinguished from each other. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the pressure fluctuations caused by the prestall disturbances offer the potential to use them as a stall precursor or to quantify the deterioration of the clearance height between the rotor blade tips and the casing wall during the lifetime of an engine.
Using Machine Learning Tools to Predict Compressor Stall
Authors: Hipple Samuel M. , Bonilla-Alvarado Harry , Pezzini Paolo , Shadle Lawrence , Bryden Kenneth M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Clean energy has become an increasingly important consideration in today’s power systems. As the push for clean energy continues, many coal-fired power plants are being decommissioned in favor of renewable power sources such as wind and solar. However, the intermittent nature of renewables means that dynamic load following traditional power systems is crucial to grid stability. With high flexibility and fast response at a wide range of operating conditions, gas turbine systems are poised to become the main load following component in the power grid. Yet, rapid changes in load can lead to fluid flow instabilities in gas turbine power systems. These instabilities often lead to compressor surge and stall, which are some of the most critical problems facing the safe and efficient operation of compressors in turbomachinery today. Although the topic of compressor surge and stall has been extensively researched, no methods for early prediction have been proven effective. This study explores the utilization of machine learning tools to predict compressor stall. The long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a form of recurrent neural network (RNN), was trained using real compressor stall datasets from a 100 kW recuperated gas turbine power system designed for hybrid configuration. Two variations of the LSTM model, classification and regression, were tested to determine optimal performance. The regression scheme was determined to be the most accurate approach, and a tool for predicting compressor stall was developed using this configuration. Results show that the tool is capable of predicting stalls 5–20 ms before they occur. With a high-speed controller capable of 5 ms time-steps, mitigating action could be taken to prevent compressor stall before it occurs.
Discriminating glaucomatous and compressive optic neuropathy on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with deep learning classifier
Authors: Lee Jinho , Kim Jin-Soo , Lee Haeng Jin , Kim Seong-Joon , Kim Young Kook , Park Ki Ho , Jeoung Jin Wook 
Published: February 2020

Background/aimsTo assess the performance of a deep learning classifier for differentiation of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) from compressive optic neuropathy (CON) based on ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).MethodsEighty SD-OCT image sets from 80 eyes of 80 patients with GON along with 81 SD-OCT image sets from 54 eyes of 54 patients with CON were compiled for the study. The bottleneck features extracted from the GCIPL thickness map, GCIPL deviation map, RNFL thickness map and RNFL deviation map were used as predictors for the deep learning classifier. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to validate the diagnostic performance. The AUC with the deep learning classifier was compared with those for conventional diagnostic parameters including temporal raphe sign, SD-OCT thickness profile and standard automated perimetry.ResultsThe deep learning system achieved an AUC of 0.990 (95% CI 0.982 to 0.999) with a sensitivity of 97.9% and a specificity of 92.6% in a fivefold cross-validation testing, which was significantly larger than the AUCs with the other parameters: 0.804 (95% CI 0.737 to 0.872) with temporal raphe sign, 0.815 (95% CI 0.734 to 0.896) with superonasal GCIPL and 0.776 (95% CI 0.691 to 0.860) with superior GCIPL thicknesses (all p<0.001).ConclusionThe deep learning classifier can outperform the conventional diagnostic parameters for discrimination of GON and CON on SD-OCT.
Association of renal function with retinal vessel density in patients with type 2 diabetes by using swept-source optical coherence tomographic angiography
Authors: Wang Wei , He Miao , Gong Xia , Wang Lanhua , Meng Jie , Li Yuting , Xiong Kun , Li Wangting , Huang Wenyong 
Published: February 2020

AimsTo investigate the relationship between retinal vessel density and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) using non-invasive optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study recruited ocular-treatment-naïve patients with DM registered in the community of Guangzhou, China. The retinal vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus in the macula was obtained by using swept-source OCTA imaging. The Xiangya equation was used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR). Participants were divided into the following groups by eGFR: no chronic kidney disease (non-CKD), mild CKD and moderate-to-severe CKD (MS-CKD).ResultsA total of 874 patients with DM (874 eyes), with a mean age of 64.8±7.1 years, were included in the final analysis. The vessel density was significantly lower in patients with CKD than in non-CKD patients in a dose–response pattern, with a parafoveal vessel density of 49.1%±2.1% in non-CKD, 48.4%±1.9% in mild CKD and 47.2%±1.7% in MS-CKD (p<0.001). The sparser retinal capillaries were related to lower eGFR (β=0.037; 95% CI 0.025 to 0.049; p<0.001) and higher microalbuminuria (β = –0.023; 95% CI –0.039 to –0.008; p=0.002). The eGRF was independently associated with parafoveal vessel density (β=0.029; 95% CI 0.016 to 0.042; p<0.001), even after adjusting for other factors.ConclusionRetinal vessel density decreased with renal function impairment, underlining the potential value of OCTA to detect early microvascular damage in the kidney in patients with diabetes.
Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Huang Liping , Trieu Kathy , Yoshimura Sohei , Neal Bruce , Woodward Mark , Campbell Norm R C , Li Qiang , Lackland Daniel T , Leung Alexander A , Anderson Cheryl A M , MacGregor Graham A , He Feng J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the dose-response relation between reduction in dietary sodium and blood pressure change and to explore the impact of intervention duration.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) and reference lists of relevant articles up to 21 January 2019.Inclusion criteriaRandomised trials comparing different levels of sodium intake undertaken among adult populations with estimates of intake made using 24 hour urinary sodium excretion.Data extraction and analysisTwo of three reviewers screened the records independently for eligibility. One reviewer extracted all data and the other two reviewed the data for accuracy. Reviewers performed random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression.Results133 studies with 12 197 participants were included. The mean reductions (reduced sodiumvusual sodium) of 24 hour urinary sodium, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 130 mmol (95% confidence interval 115 to 145, P<0.001), 4.26 mm Hg (3.62 to 4.89, P<0.001), and 2.07 mm Hg (1.67 to 2.48, P<0.001), respectively. Each 50 mmol reduction in 24 hour sodium excretion was associated with a 1.10 mm Hg (0.66 to 1.54; P<0.001) reduction in SBP and a 0.33 mm Hg (0.04 to 0.63; P=0.03) reduction in DBP. Reductions in blood pressure were observed in diverse population subsets examined, including hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. For the same reduction in 24 hour urinary sodium there was greater SBP reduction in older people, non-white populations, and those with higher baseline SBP levels. In trials of less than 15 days’ duration, each 50 mmol reduction in 24 hour urinary sodium excretion was associated with a 1.05 mm Hg (0.40 to 1.70; P=0.002) SBP fall, less than half the effect observed in studies of longer duration (2.13 mm Hg; 0.85 to 3.40; P=0.002). Otherwise, there was no association between trial duration and SBP reduction.ConclusionsThe magnitude of blood pressure lowering achieved with sodium reduction showed a dose-response relation and was greater for older populations, non-white populations, and those with higher blood pressure. Short term studies underestimate the effect of sodium reduction on blood pressure.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019140812.
Japanese radio calisthenics prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass volume in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kimura Tomonori , Okamura Takuro , Iwai Keiko , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Senmaru Takafumi , Ushigome Emi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Asano Mai , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveReduction of muscle mass and strength is an important treatment target for patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have reported that high-intensity resistance training improves physical function; however, all patients found it difficult to perform high-intensity resistance training. Radio calisthenics, considered as therapeutic exercises to promote health in Japan, are simple exercises that can be performed regardless of age and help move the muscles and joints of the whole body effectively according to the rhythm of radio. We investigated the efficacy of radio calisthenics for muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes in this retrospective cohort study.Research design and methodsA total of 42 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). We defined the change of SMI as the difference of SMI between the beginning and end of hospitalization.ResultsAmong 42 patients, 15 (11 men and 4 women) performed radio calisthenics. Body weights of both radio calisthenics exercisers and non-exercisers decreased during hospitalization. The change of SMI was significantly lesser in radio calisthenics exercisers than in non-exercisers (7.1±1.4 to 7.1±1.3, –0.01±0.09 vs 6.8±1.1 to 6.5±1.2, –0.27±0.06 kg/m2, p=0.016). The proportion of decreased SMI was 85.2% (23/27 patients) in non-radio calisthenics exercisers, whereas that in radio calisthenics exercisers was 46.7% (7/15 patients).ConclusionsRadio calisthenics prevent the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, radio calisthenics can be considered effective for patients with type 2 diabetes.