bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ perceptions, academic departments’ image, and major‐choice in business administration studies—The example of Hamburg Business School
Authors: Korfmann Frauke , Müller Sven , Ehlert Sebastian , Haase Knut 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Germany enrolment in majors is of considerable interest to academic departments, because their budget depends on the number of enrolled students. Besides observed factors, we presume that unobserved latent variables influence the major‐choice decision of students. Using stated preferences data from a discrete choice experiment among students pursuing a bachelor’s degree in business administration at Hamburg Business School (HBS), we employ an integrated choice and latent variable model (ICLV). Thereby, we model the influence of a major‐specific latent variable, labeled image, on the major‐choice decision of the students. To identify the latent variables, we utilise ordered categorical indicators that we obtained from the assessment of major‐specific psychometric factors among students. Our findings reveal a significant impact of the latent variable image on the major‐choice decision. We further show the advantageous characteristic of an ICLV model by illustrating the cause‐and‐effect relationship compared to classic multinomial logit models. Based on our results, we examine practice‐oriented, requirements, research, and supervision to be the most relevant psychometric factors that lead to the identification of the latent variables and provide insights on how academic departments at HBS can raise their major’s attractiveness from the student’s perspective.AbstraktIn Deutschland ist die Immatrikulation in den Studiengängen für die Fachbereiche von großem Interesse, da ihr Budget von der Anzahl der eingeschriebenen Studierenden abhängt. Neben den beobachteten Faktoren nehmen wir an, dass nicht beobachtete latente Variablen die Schwerpunktwahl der Studierenden beeinflussen. Auf der Grundlage von Präferenzdaten aus einem diskreten Auswahlexperiment unter den Studierenden des Bachelor‐Studiengangs der Betriebswirtschaftslehre an der Hamburg Business School (HBS) verwenden wir ein integriertes Wahl‐ und latente Variablenmodell (ICLV). Dabei modellieren wir den Einfluss einer Schwerpunkt‐spezifischen latenten Variable, die als Image bezeichnet wird, auf die Schwerpunktwahl der Studierenden. Um die latente Variable zu identifizieren, verwenden wir geordnete kategorische Indikatoren, die wir aus der Bewertung der Schwerpunkt‐spezifischen psychometrischen Faktoren erhalten haben. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen einen signifikanten Einfluss der latenten Variable Image auf die Schwerpunktwahl. Wir zeigen ferner die vorteilhafte Eigenschaft eines ICLV‐Modells, indem wir die Ursache‐Wirkungs‐Beziehung im Vergleich zu klassischen multinomialen Logit‐Modellen veranschaulichen. Basierend auf unseren Ergebnissen untersuchen wir Praxisorientierung, Anforderung, Forschung und Betreuung als die relevantesten psychometrischen Faktoren, die zur Identifizierung der latenten Variable führen und Einblicke geben, wie die Schwerpunkte der HBS die Attraktivität ihres Studienfachs aus der Perspektive der Studierenden erhöhen können.
Reproducing crystal glass from three 18th‐20th centuries Portuguese glass arcana
Authors: Santos Catarina Reis , Vilarigues Márcia , Dabas Prashant , Coutinho Inês , Palomar Teresa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present work aims to study the glasses commonly named crystal glass produced in Portuguese factories from the 18th to the 20th centuries through their arcana or batch books. Recipes for colorless crystal glasses were selected, analyzed, and reproduced in the laboratory. Five recipes were chosen from the Marinha Grande arcanum, five recipes from the Gaivotas’ Factory arcanum, and three recipes from the Castro and Oliveira Guerra arcanum. To characterize the composition and thermal‐physical properties of reproduced glasses, different analytical techniques were used such as micro‐energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, µ‐ Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry, Vickers hardness, optical microscopy, and UV‐Vis absorbance spectroscopy. The selected recipes were proven viable for reproduction and the obtained glasses presented good thermal properties that allow the workability and creation of objects. It was also proven that there is a similarity in terms of chemical composition to some of the historical glasses attributed to Portuguese production in Portuguese museums.
An oral brush of cilia in the feeding larvae of Micronephtys cornuta (Annelida, Nephtyidae)
Authors: Pernet Bruno 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLarvae of many phyllodocidan annelids are planktotrophic, but the feeding mechanisms of larvae in this diverse clade are poorly known. Many larvae belonging to one large clade of phyllodocidans, Aphroditiformia, bear a bundle of long cilia attached to the left side of the prototroch, the oral brush, which they use in feeding. In 1936, D.P. Wilson observed that trochophore larvae of Nephtys hombergi, a member of the phyllodocidan family Nephtyidae, bore a strikingly similar bundle of long cilia on the left side of the body. Since Wilson's observation, numerous descriptions of nephtyid larvae have been published, but none remark on the presence of an oral brush. Here I show that metatrochophore I and II larvae of Micronephtys cornuta bear an oral brush, but that it is lost in the transition to the nectochaete stage, during which the larval mouth and foregut are also being remodeled to function in benthic feeding by juveniles. That an oral brush is clearly present in at least some larval stages of two genera suggests that oral brushes may be widespread in the feeding larvae of nephtyids, but have simply been overlooked for more than 80 years. Additional work is needed to make inferences on the evolutionary history of the oral brush in phyllodocidan annelids, and to distinguish among several hypotheses on the function of this peculiar group of cilia in larval feeding.
A method for deriving the genetic matrix needed for selection across combinations of breeds
Authors: Barwick Stephen A. , Johnston David J. , Walmsley Bradley J. , Jeyaruban M. Gilbert , Boerner Vincent 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA method is described for deriving the genetic matrix G needed for breeders to select across breeds for any breeding objective. The matrix comprises partitions among selection criteria (G11), between selection criteria and the breeding objective traits (G12), and among the breeding objective traits (G22). A weighting procedure is used to combine the G matrix of individual breeds with known breed differences. Between‐breed variances are added to the diagonals of the matrix. Selection across many breeds can be quite different from that across a subset of the breeds. The particular breeds, and the numbers of each breed, that the breeder is prepared to consider in selection changes the genetic matrix and the selection index that should be used.
Smad2/3‐pathway ligand trap luspatercept enhances erythroid differentiation in murine β‐thalassaemia by increasing GATA‐1 availability
Authors: Martinez Pedro A. , Li Robert , Ramanathan Harish N. , Bhasin Manoj , Pearsall R. Scott , Kumar Ravindra , Suragani Rajasekhar N. V. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn β‐thalassaemia, anaemia results from ineffective erythropoiesis characterized by inhibition of late‐stage erythroid differentiation. We earlier used luspatercept and RAP‐536 protein traps for certain Smad2/3‐pathway ligands to implicate Smad2/3‐pathway overactivation in dysregulated erythroid differentiation associated with murine β‐thalassaemia and myelodysplasia. Importantly, luspatercept alleviates anaemia and has been shown to reduce transfusion burden in patients with β‐thalassaemia or myelodysplasia. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying luspatercept action and pSmad2/3‐mediated inhibition of erythroid differentiation. In murine erythroleukemic (MEL) cells in vitro, ligand‐mediated overactivation of the Smad2/3 pathway reduced nuclear levels of GATA‐1 (GATA‐binding factor‐1) and its transcriptional activator TIF1γ (transcription intermediary factor 1γ), increased levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced cell viability and haemoglobin levels, and inhibited erythroid differentiation. Co‐treatment with luspatercept in MEL cells partially or completely restored each of these. In β‐thalassaemic mice, RAP‐536 up‐regulated Gata1 and its target gene signature in erythroid precursors determined by transcriptional profiling and gene set enrichment analysis, restored nuclear levels of GATA‐1 in erythroid precursors, and nuclear distribution of TIF1γ in erythroblasts. Bone marrow cells from β‐thalassaemic mice treated with luspatercept also exhibited restored nuclear availability of GATA‐1 ex vivo. Our results implicate GATA‐1, and likely TIF1γ, as key mediators of luspatercept/RAP‐536 action in alleviating ineffective erythropoiesis.
Diabetes aggravates myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury via activating Nox2‐related programmed cell death in an AMPK‐dependent manner
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Zhu Lijie , Yuan Wenlin , Sun Lingbin , Xia Zhengyuan , Zhang Zhongjun , Yao Weifeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases such as myocardial ischaemia have a high fatality rate in patients with diabetes. This study was designed to expose the crosstalk between oxidative stress and AMPK, a vital molecule that controls biological energy metabolism, in myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (I/RI) in diabetic rats. Diabetes was stimulated in rats using streptozotocin injection. Rats were separated on random into control, control + I/R, Diabetes, Diabetes + I/R, Diabetes + I/R + N‐acetylcysteine and Diabetes + I/R + Vas2870 groups. Myocardial infarct size was determined, and the predominant Nox family isoforms were analysed. In vitro, the H9C2 cells were administered excess glucose and exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation to mimic diabetes and I/R. The AMPK siRNA or AICAR was used to inhibit or activate AMPK expression in H9C2 cells, respectively. Then, myocardial oxidative stress and programmed cell death were measured. Diabetes or high glucose levels were found to aggravate myocardial I/RI or hypoxia/reoxygenation in H9C2 cells, as demonstrated by an increase in myocardial infarct size or lactate dehydrogenase levels, oxidative stress generation and induction of programmed cell death. In diabetic rat hearts, cardiac Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 were all heightened. The suppression of Nox2 expression using Vas2870 or Nox2‐siRNA treatment in vivo or in vitro, respectively, protected diabetic rats from myocardial I/RI. AMPK gene knockout increased Nox2 protein expression while AMPK agonist decreased Nox2 expression. Therefore, diabetes aggravates myocardial I/RI by generating of Nox2‐associated oxidative stress in an AMPK‐dependent manner, which led to the induction of programmed cell death such as apoptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis.
Medication errors in outpatient pharmacies: comparison of an electronic and a paper-based prescription system
Authors: Ababneh Mera A , Al-Azzam Sayer I , Alzoubi Karem H , Rababa'h Abeer M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Medication errors are among the most common medical errors. They can result in mortality, morbidity and additional healthcare costs. Surveillance of medication errors is encouraged to identify gaps in the healthcare system and work on them. This study aimed to compare medication errors in outpatient prescriptions in two hospitals in Jordan: one with a paper-based and one with an electronic prescription system.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional observational study in two large hospitals in Jordan over a three-month period. Prescribing and dispensing of medicines were screened for medication errors in both centres: 2500 prescriptions were screened in each hospital.

Key findings
In the hospital with electronic prescriptions, of the 2500 prescriptions screened, 631 medication errors were detected: 231 (36.6%) prescription errors and 400 (63.4%) dispensing errors. In the hospital with paper-based prescriptions, 3714 medication errors were found: 288 (7.8%) prescription errors and 3426 (92.2%) dispensing errors. The most common prescription and dispensing errors in electronic prescriptions were, respectively, prescription of drugs that could have a drug–drug interaction, and omitting to dispense a drug on the prescription. In the paper prescriptions, the most common prescription and dispensing errors were, respectively, inappropriate dose/quantity/frequency or route of administration, and inappropriate and/or inadequate labelling of medication when dispensed, of which there were a large number (2496 (67.2%)).

Conclusion
This study highlights the effect of the prescription system used by hospitals. Fewer medication errors were found in the electronic system. Healthcare policymakers, professionals and administrators are encouraged to invest in electronic systems to minimize medication errors.
Outcome of SUB placement for the treatment of benign ureteral obstruction in dogs: nine dogs and 12 renal units (2013 to 2017)
Authors: Milligan M. L. , Berent A. C. , Weisse C. W. , Lamb K. , Toizer E. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo describe a group of dogs with benign ureteral obstruction(s) treated by subcutaneous ureteral bypass and report the intra‐operative, peri‐operative, short‐ and long‐term outcomes.Materials and MethodsReview of medical records of dogs that underwent subcutaneous ureteral bypass.ResultsNine dogs (12 renal units) were included. Causes of obstruction included: ureterolithiasis (n=9) extraluminal compression (n=2), and stricture (n=1). Eleven of 12 ureters had a previously placed stent and required subcutaneous ureteral bypass for: recurrent stricture (n=4), diffuse ureteritis (n=4) or stent migration (n=3). Placement was successful in all renal units and there were no peri‐operative or procedure‐related deaths. Median hospitalisation time was 3 days. The median creatinine values pre‐operatively and 3 month post‐operatively were 186 and 106 μmol/L, respectively. No dog had worsening azotaemia in the short‐term. The most common long‐term complication was mineralisation of six devices, of which four required exchange. All dogs that were infected post‐operatively (n=5) had a history of at least one urinary tract infection pre‐operatively. One of the nine dogs had a chronic post‐operative urinary tract infection and had been chronically infected before placing the bypass. The median survival time was >774 days, with five of nine dogs alive at the time of publication.Clinical SignificancePlacement of a subcutaneous ureteral bypass was an effective short‐term treatment option for benign ureteral obstructions in dogs but there was a high rate of device mineralisation.
Maternal nutritional status mediates the association between maternal age and birth outcomes
Authors: Workicho Abdulhalik , Belachew Tefera , Argaw Alemayehu , Roba Alemzewed , Ghosh Shibani , Kershaw Meghan , Lachat Carl , Kolsteren Patrick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractYoung maternal age during pregnancy is linked with adverse birth outcomes. This study examined the role of maternal nutritional status in the association between maternal age and small for gestational age (SGA) delivery and birth length. We used data from a birth cohort study in Ethiopia, involving women who were 15–24 years of age and their newborns. A mediation analysis was fitted in a sample of 1,422 mother infant dyads for whom data on birth length were available, and 777 dyads for whom gestational age and birth weight was measured. We used commands, medeff for the mediation analysis and medsens for sensitivity analysis in STATA 14. Maternal nutritional status, measured by mid‐upper arm circumference, mediated 21% of the association between maternal age and birth length and 14% of the association with SGA delivery. The average direct effect (ADE) of maternal age on birth length was (β = 0.45, 95% CI [0.17, 0.99]) and the average causal mediated effect (ACME) was (β = 0.12, 95% CI [0.02, 0.15]). We also found an ADE (β = 0.31, 95% CI [0.09, 0.47]) and an ACME of (β = 0.05, 95% CI [0.003, 0.205]) of maternal age on SGA delivery. The sensitivity analysis suggests an unmeasured confounder with a positive correlation of 0.15 and 0.20 between the mediator and the outcome could explain the observed ACME for birth length and SGA, respectively. We cannot make strong causal assertions as the findings suggest the mediator partly explained the total effect of maternal age on both outcomes.
After Study Abroad: The Maintenance of Multilingual Identity Among Anglophone Languages Graduates
Authors: MITCHELL ROSAMOND , TRACY–VENTURA NICOLE , HUENSCH AMANDA 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor L2 learners from English‐dominant societies, study abroad (SA) is an especially significant opportunity for linguistic, sociocultural, and personal development. Less is known about the durability of these SA‐related developments, once Anglophone language specialists complete their home studies and then progress to graduate careers. This article reports a study of 33 specialist languages graduates from a UK university, 3 years postgraduation, who had previously participated in a longitudinal study tracking their linguistic, social, and personal development through a 2‐semester stay abroad. The follow‐up study gathered further data on maintenance, development, or attrition of their principal SA‐related second language (L2); on social and professional uses of L2 and other languages; and on attitudes and beliefs relating to language identity. Personal biographies and career pathways were documented through questionnaires and interviews. This article provides insights into the career entry and related ongoing development of linguistic identity among Anglophone languages graduates, including the ongoing impact of SA‐related influences. Implications are briefly drawn for management of the SA experience and post‐SA education, so as to support participants’ ambitions for interculturality and a full multilingual identity.
Tomato T2 ribonuclease LE is involved in the response to pathogens
Authors: Singh Naveen Kumar , Paz Einat , Kutsher Yaarit , Reuveni Moshe , Lers Amnon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractT2 ribonucleases (RNases) are RNA‐degrading enzymes that function in various cellular processes, mostly via RNA metabolism. T2 RNase‐encoding genes have been identified in various organisms, from bacteria to mammals, and are most diverse in plants. The existence of T2 RNase genes in almost every organism suggests an important biological function that has been conserved through evolution. In plants, T2 RNases are suggested to be involved in phosphate scavenging and recycling, and are implicated in defence responses to pathogens. We investigated the function of the tomato T2 RNase LE, known to be induced by phosphate deficiency and wounding. The possible involvement of LE in pathogen responses was examined. Expression analysis showed LE induction during fungal infection and by stimuli known to be associated with pathogen inoculation, including oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis of LE‐suppressed transgenic tomato lines revealed higher susceptibility to oxalic acid, a cell death‐inducing factor, compared to the wild type. This elevated sensitivity of LE‐suppressed lines was evidenced by visual signs of necrosis, and increased ion leakage and reactive oxygen species levels, indicating acceleration of cell death. Challenge of the LE‐suppressed lines with the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea resulted in accelerated development of disease symptoms compared to the wild type, associated with suppressed expression of pathogenesis‐related marker genes. The results suggest a role for plant endogenous T2 RNases in antifungal activity.
Mouth breathing impairs the development of temporomandibular joint at a very early stage
Authors: Hu Zhekai , Sun Huijun , Wu Yanqi , Wu Xingwen , Mei Peng , Wang Bing , Zhu Min 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to explore the effects of mouth breathing and hypoxia on the condyle of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) via two animal models.Methods24 four‐week‐old rats were randomly separated into three groups, consisting of eight control rats, eight intermittent hypoxia (IH) rats, and eight intermittent nasal obstruction (INO) rats. We use the IH model and the INO model to simulate children suffering from hypoxia and mouth breathing. After 16 days, the condyle of TMJ and surrounding white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle tissue were obtained for further staining and qRT‐PCR. Finally, RNA‐seq was used to verify the results.ResultsThe intermittent hypoxia cannot significantly change the overall structure in the cause of short‐term hypoxia stimulation, but the intermittent nasal obstruction can alter the condyle, WAT, and muscle, while also introducing noticeable structural changes in tissue hypoxia and macrophage infiltration. Sequencing data verified these findings and also suggested that this process might involve the Hif‐1α/Vegf axis.ConclusionsOur findings reveal the very early structural impact of mouth breathing on condyle reconstruction in rat models, and hypoxia does not induce evident alteration on condyle. However, since these results are mainly focused on rats, further studies are needed to understand its effects on humans.
Heavy metal pollution improves allelopathic effects of Canada goldenrod on lettuce germination
Authors: Wei M. , Wang S. , Wu B. , Cheng H. , Wang C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Large amounts of heavy metals have been released into the environment. Thus, the allelopathic effects of invasive alien species on the germination performance of co-occurring indigenous species may be altered or even heightened with the rapid growth in heavy metal pollution.

This study evaluated the impacts of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) leaf extracts at concentrations of 0, 10 or 20 gl 1 on the germination of lettuce under different forms of heavy metal pollution (Cu2+, Pb2+ or a combination of Cu2+ and Pb2+; 35 mgl 1) during incubation in Petri dishes for 10 days.

Goldenrod leaf extracts (high concentration) reduced growth of aboveground and belowground parts of lettuce as well as competition for light and soil nutrients. However, low concentrations of goldenrod leaf extracts dramatically improved growth of lettuce roots, competition for light, soil nutrient availability, leaf photosynthetic area and growth competitiveness. The combination of goldenrod leaf extracts and heavy metal pollution was synergistic on most lettuce germination parameters, probably because high concentrations of goldenrod leaf extracts together with heavy metal pollution had a synergistic negative impact on lettuce germination.

Consequently, increased levels of heavy metal pollution may favour invasion of invasive alien species while largely suppressing germination of indigenous species.
The complex Hamiltonian systems and quasi‐periodic solutions in the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Chen Jinbing , Zhang Runsu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe complex Hamiltonian systems with real‐valued Hamiltonians are generalized to deduce quasi‐periodic solutions for a hierarchy of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equations. The DNLS hierarchy is decomposed into a family of complex finite‐dimensional Hamiltonian systems by separating the temporal and spatial variables, and the complex Hamiltonian systems are then proved to be integrable in the Liouville sense. Due to the commutability of complex Hamiltonian flows, the relationship between the DNLS equations and the complex Hamiltonian systems is specified via the Bargmann map. The Abel‐Jacobi variable is elaborated to straighten out the DNLS flows as linear superpositions on the Jacobi variety of an invariant Riemann surface. Finally, by using the technique of Riemann‐Jacobi inversion, some quasi‐periodic solutions are obtained for the DNLS equations in view of the Riemann theorem and the trace formulas.