bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body size and its implications upon resource utilization during human space exploration missions
Authors: Scott Jonathan P. R. , Green David A. , Weerts Guillaume , Cheuvront Samuel N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this theoretical study was to estimate the effects of body size and countermeasure (CM) exercise in an all-male crew composed of individuals drawn from a height range representative of current space agency requirements upon total energy expenditure (TEE), oxygen (O2) consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) and metabolic heat (Hprod) production, and water requirements for hydration, during space exploration missions. Using a height range of 1.50- to 1.90-m, and assuming geometric similarity across this range, estimates were derived for a four-person male crew (age: 40-years; BMI: 26.5-kg/m2; resting VO2and VO2max: 3.3- and 43.4-mL/kg/min) on 30- to 1,080-d missions, without and with, ISS-like CM exercise (modelled as 2 × 30-min aerobic exercise at 75% VO2max, 6-d/week). Where spaceflight-specific data/equations were not available, terrestrial data/equations were used. Body size alone increased 24-h TEE (+ 44%), O2consumption (+ 60%), CO2(+ 60%) and Hprod(+ 60%) production, and water requirements (+ 19%). With CM exercise, the increases were + 29 to 32%, + 31%, + 35%, + 42% and + 23 to 33% respectively, across the height range. Compared with a ‘small-sized’ (1.50-m) crew without CM exercise, a ‘large-sized’ (1.90-m) crew exercising would require an additional 996-MJ of energy, 52.5 × 103-L of O2and 183.6-L of water, and produce an additional 44.0 × 103-L of CO2and 874-MJ of heat each month. This study provides the first insight into the potential implications of body size and the use of ISS-like CM exercise upon the provision of life-support during exploration missions. Whilst closed-loop life-support (O2, water and CO2) systems may be possible, strategies to minimize and meet crew metabolic energy needs, estimated in this study to increase by 996-MJ per month with body size and CM exercise, are required.
Genome-wide identification of meiotic recombination hot spots detected by SLAF in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Xu Ping , Ren Yan , Yin Liang , Li Shuangling , Wang Yan , Shi Yanmao , Li Hui , Cao Xue , Chi Xiaoyuan , Yu Tianyi , Pandey Manish K. , Varshney Rajeev K. , Yuan Mei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecombination hot spots (RHP), caused by meiosis, are considered to play crucial roles in improvement and domestication of crop. Cultivated peanut is one of the most important rich-source of oil and protein crops. However, no direct scale of recombination events and RHP have been estimated for peanut. To examine the scale of recombination events and RHP in peanut, a RIL population with 200 lines and a natural population with 49 cultivars were evaluated. The precise integrated map comprises 4837 SLAF markers with genetic length of 2915.46 cM and density of 1.66 markers per cM in whole genome. An average of 30.0 crossover (2.06 cMMb−1) events was detected per RIL plant. The crossover events (CE) showed uneven distribution among B sub-genome (2.32) and A sub-genome (1.85). There were 4.34% and 7.86% of the genome contained large numbers of CE (> 50 cMMb−1) along chromosomes in F6 and natural population, respectively. High density of CE regions called RHP, showed negative relationship to marker haplotypes conservative region but positive to heatmap of recombination. The genes located within the RHP regions by GO categories showed the responding of environmental stimuli, which suggested that recombination plays a crucial role in peanut adaptation to changing environments
Associations of cigarette smoking with psychiatric disorders: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Yao Honghui , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to determine the association of smoking initiation with seven psychiatric disorders. We used 353 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cigarette smoking initiation as instrumental variables at genome-wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10−8) from a recent genome-wide association study in 1,232,091 European-origin participants. Summary-level data for seven psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, bipolar disorder, insomnia, major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicide attempts, and schizophrenia, was obtained from large genetic consortia and genome-wide association studies. The odds ratios of genetically predicted smoking initiation were 1.96 for suicide attempts (95% CI 1.70, 2.27;p = 4.5 × 10−20), 1.69 for post-traumatic stress disorder (95% CI 1.32, 2.16;p = 2.5 × 10−5), 1.54 for schizophrenia (95% CI 1.35, 1.75;p = 1.6 × 10−10), 1.41 for bipolar disorder (95% CI 1.25, 1.59;p = 1.8 × 10−8), 1.38 for major depressive disorder (95% CI 1.31, 1.45;p = 2.3 × 10−38), 1.20 for insomnia (95% CI 1.14, 1.25;p = 6.0 × 10−14) and 1.17 for anxiety (95% CI 0.98, 1.40;p = 0.086). Results of sensitivity analyses were consistent and no horizontal pleiotropy was detected in MR-Egger analysis. However, the associations with suicide attempts, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety might be related to possible reverse causality or weak instrument bias. This study found that cigarette smoking was causally associated with increased risks of a number of psychiatric disorders. The causal effects of smoking on suicide attempts, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and anxiety needs further research.
Identification and characterization of plant-derived alkaloids, corydine and corydaline, as novel mu opioid receptor agonists
Authors: Kaserer Teresa , Steinacher Theresa , Kainhofer Roman , Erli Filippo , Sturm Sonja , Waltenberger Birgit , Schuster Daniela , Spetea Mariana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPain remains a key therapeutic area with intensive efforts directed toward finding effective and safer analgesics in light of the ongoing opioid crisis. Amongst the neurotransmitter systems involved in pain perception and modulation, the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), a G protein-coupled receptor, represents one of the most important targets for achieving effective pain relief. Most clinically used opioid analgesics are agonists to the MOR, but they can also cause severe side effects. Medicinal plants represent important sources of new drug candidates, with morphine and its semisynthetic analogues as well-known examples as analgesic drugs. In this study, combining in silico (pharmacophore-based virtual screening and docking) and pharmacological (in vitro binding and functional assays, and behavioral tests) approaches, we report on the discovery of two naturally occurring plant alkaloids, corydine and corydaline, as new MOR agonists that produce antinociceptive effects in mice after subcutaneous administration via a MOR-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, corydine and corydaline were identified as G protein-biased agonists to the MOR without inducing β-arrestin2 recruitment upon receptor activation. Thus, these new scaffolds represent valuable starting points for future chemical optimization towards the development of novel opioid analgesics, which may exhibit improved therapeutic profiles.
Valorisation of agricultural biomass-ash with CO2
Authors: Hills Colin D. , Tripathi Nimisha , Singh Raj S. , Carey Paula J. , Lowry Florence 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work is part of a study of different types of plant-based biomass to elucidate their capacity for valorisation via a managed carbonation step involving gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2). The perspectives for broader biomass waste valorisation was reviewed, followed by a proposed closed-loop process for the valorisation of wood in earlier works. The present work newly focusses on combining agricultural biomass with mineralised CO2. Here, the reactivity of selected agricultural biomass ashes with CO2 and their ability to be bound by mineralised carbonate in a hardened product is examined. Three categories of agricultural biomass residues, including shell, fibre and soft peel, were incinerated at 900 ± 25 °C. The biomass ashes were moistened (10% w/w) and moulded into cylindrical samples and exposed to 100% CO2 gas at 50% RH for 24 h, during which they cemented into hardened monolithic products. The calcia in ashes formed a negative relationship with ash yield and the microstructure of the carbonate-cementing phase was distinct and related to the particular biomass feedstock. This work shows that in common with woody biomass residues, carbonated agricultural biomass ash-based monoliths have potential as novel low-carbon construction products.
Circulating cell-free DNA level predicts all-cause mortality independent of other predictors in the Health 2000 survey
Authors: Kananen L. , Hurme M. , Jylhä M. , Härkänen T. , Koskinen S. , Stenholm S. , Kähönen M. , Lehtimäki T. , Ukkola O. , Jylhävä J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreased levels of circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) are associated with and predict poor health outcomes. However, its predictive ability for mortality in population-based samples remains understudied. We analysed the capability of cf-DNA to predict all-cause mortality and assessed whether it adds predictive value on top of the other risk factors in the Health 2000 survey (n = 1,257, 46–76 years of age, 15-years-follow-up, 18% deceased). When analysed in a multivariate model with the other factors that independently predicted mortality in the sample (age, gender, self-rated health, smoking and plasma levels of glucose and adiponectin), increases in cf-DNA levels were associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] for 0.1 µg increase in cf-DNA: 1.017, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008–1.026, p = 0.0003). Inclusion of cf-DNA in the model improved the model fit and discrimination. Stratifying the analysis by cardiovascular disease (CVD) status indicated that cf-DNA predicted mortality equally well in individuals with (HR 1.018, 95% CI 1.008–1.026, p = 0.002) and without (HR 1.018, 95% CI 1.001–1.035, p = 0.033) CVD. In conclusion, our study indicates that cf-DNA level predicts mortality in middle-aged and older individuals, also among those with established CVD, and adds significant value to mortality prediction. Our results thus underscore the role of cf-DNA as a viable marker of health.
Mineral nitrogen captured in field-aged biochar is plant-available
Authors: Haider Ghulam , Joseph Stephen , Steffens Diedrich , Müller Christoph , Taherymoosavi Sarasadat , Mitchell David , Kammann Claudia I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiochar may serve as a tool to sustainably mitigate climate change via carbon sequestration and by improving soil fertility. Biochar has shown to retain nitrate in its pores, which increases with an organic coating of the inner surfaces and residence time in soil (“aging”). Here we investigated the plant accessibility of the captured nitrate in field-aged biochar, as a pre-requisite for developing carbon-based N fertilization techniques with environmental benefits. Based on previous results, we hypothesized that part of the biochar-captured nitrate would remain unavailable for plants. A two-factorial greenhouse experiment was designed, where the N was applied either as Ca(NO3)2 or as N captured in field-aged biochar at five increasing N doses to quinoa and perennial ryegrass in pots. Interestingly, the biochar-captured N was as plant available as the mineral nitrate, except for the highest dosage. Refuting our hypothesis, no significant amounts of N were extractable at the end of the study from the biochar–soil mixtures with repeated-extraction protocols. Thus, N captured by biochar may improve the N use efficiency in agriculture. Further research should evaluate the role of biochar particle size, root morphology, mycorrhization, and soil moisture (variations) for nitrate retrieval from biochar particles by plants because the captured biochar N was less available in the field as under present controlled conditions.
Influence of ligand’s directional configuration, chrysenes as model compounds, on the binding activity with aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Zhen Juyuan , Lee Junghyun , Bauer Robert , Lee Changkeun , Kwon Bong-Oh , Chae Keun Hwa , Hong Seongjin , Giesy John P. , Chang Gap Soo , Khim Jong Seong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding what and how physico-chemical factors of a ligand configure conditions for ligand-receptor binding is a key to accurate assessment of toxic potencies of environmental pollutants. We investigated influences of the dipole-driven orientation and resulting directional configuration of ligands on receptor binding activities. Using physico-chemical properties calculated by ab initio density functional theory, directional reactivity factors (DRF) were devised as main indicators of toxic potencies, linking molecular ligand-receptor binding to in vitro responses. The directional reactive model was applied to predict variation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated toxic potencies among homologues of chrysene with structural modifications such as the numbers of constituent benzene rings, methylation and hydroxylation. Results of predictive models were consistent with empirical potencies determined by use of the H4IIE-luc transactivation bioassay. The experiment-free approach based on first principles provides an analytical framework for estimating molecular bioactivity in silico and complements conventional empirical approaches to studying molecular initiating events in adverse outcome pathways.
Subwavelength broadband sound absorber based on a composite metasurface
Authors: Long Houyou , Liu Chen , Shao Chen , Cheng Ying , Chen Kai , Qiu Xiaojun , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuppressing broadband low-frequency sound has great scientific and engineering significance. However, normal porous acoustic materials backed by a rigid wall cannot really play its deserved role on low-frequency sound absorption. Here, we demonstrate that an ultrathin sponge coating can achieve high-efficiency absorptions if backed by a metasurface with moderate surface impedance. Such a metasurface is constructed in a wide frequency range by integrating three types of coiled space resonators. By coupling an ultrathin sponge coating with the designed metasurface, a deep-subwavelength broadband absorber with high absorptivity ($${>}80\%$$

>
80
%

) exceeding one octave from 185 Hz to 385 Hz (with wavelength $$\lambda $$
λ
from 17.7 to 8.5 times of thickness of the absorber) has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The construction mechanism is analyzed via coupled mode theory. The study provides a practical way in constructing broadband low-frequency sound absorber.
Oxidative status and intestinal health of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed diets with different ARA/EPA/DHA ratios
Authors: Magalhães R. , Guerreiro I. , Santos R. A. , Coutinho F. , Couto A. , Serra C. R. , Olsen R. E. , Peres H. , Oliva-Teles A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present work assessed the effects of dietary ratios of essential fatty acids, arachidonic (ARA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on liver and intestine oxidative status, intestinal histomorphology and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream. Four isoproteic and isolipidic plant-based diets were formulated containing a vegetable oil blend as the main lipid source. Diets were supplemented with ARA/EPA/DHA levels (%DM) equivalent to: 2%:0.2%:0.1% (Diet A); 1.0%:0.4%:0.4% (Diet B); 0%:0.6%:0.6% (Diet C); 0%:0.3%:1.5% (Diet D) and tested in triplicate groups for 56 days. Lipid peroxidation was higher in fish fed diets C and D while no differences were reported between diets regarding total, oxidized, and reduced glutathione, and oxidative stress index. Glutathione reductase was higher in fish fed diet A than diets C and D. No histological alterations were observed in the distal intestine. Lower microbiota diversity was observed in intestinal mucosa of fish fed diet C than A, while diets C and D enabled the proliferation of health-promoting bacteria from Bacteroidetes phylum (Asinibacterium sp.) and the absence of pathogenic species like Edwardsiella tarda. Overall, results suggest that a balance between dietary ARA/EPA + DHA promotes gilthead sea bream juveniles’ health however higher dietary content of n-3 LC-PUFA might limited the presence of microbial pathogens in intestinal mucosa.
The Anopheles coluzzii microbiome and its interaction with the intracellular parasite Wolbachia
Authors: Straub Timothy J. , Shaw W. Robert , Marcenac Perrine , Sawadogo Simon P. , Dabiré Roch K. , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Catteruccia Flaminia , Neafsey Daniel E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWolbachia, an endosymbiotic alpha-proteobacterium commonly found in insects, can inhibit the transmission of human pathogens by mosquitoes. Biocontrol programs are underway usingAedes aegyptimosquitoes trans-infected with a non-naturalWolbachiastrain to reduce dengue virus transmission. Less is known about the impact ofWolbachiaon the biology and vectorial capacity ofAnophelesmosquitoes, the vectors of malaria parasites. A naturally occurring strain ofWolbachia,wAnga, infects populations of the major malaria vectorsAnopheles gambiaeandAnopheles coluzziiin Burkina Faso. Previous studies foundwAnga infection was negatively correlated withPlasmodiuminfection in the mosquito andwAnga influenced mosquito egg-laying behavior. Here, we investigatewAnga in natural populations ofAn. coluzziiand its interactions with other resident microbiota using targeted 16S sequencing. Though we find no major differences in microbiota composition associated withwAnga infection, we do find several taxa that correlate with the presence or absence ofwAnga in female mosquitoes following oviposition, with the caveat that we could not rule out batch effects due to the unanticipated impact ofwAnga on oviposition timing. These data suggestwAnga may influence or interact with theAnophelesmicrobiota, which may contribute to the impact ofwAnga onAnophelesbiology and vectorial capacity.
Circadian regulation of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and the underlying transcriptomic landscape
Authors: Kim Hee Kee , Lee Sun-Yeul , Koike Nobuya , Kim Eunju , Wirianto Marvin , Burish Mark J. , Yagita Kazuhiro , Lee Hyun Kyoung , Chen Zheng , Chung Jin Mo , Abdi Salahadin , Yoo Seung-Hee 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence demonstrates circadian rhythms of pain hypersensitivity in various chronic disorders. In chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), agents such as paclitaxel are known to elicit chronic neuropathic pain in cancer patients and seriously compromise their quality of life. Here, we report that the mechanical threshold for allodynia in paclitaxel-treated rats exhibited a robust circadian oscillation, reaching the nadir during the daytime (inactive phase). Using Per2::LucSV circadian reporter mice expressing a PER2::LUC fusion protein, we isolated dorsal root ganglia (DRG), the primary sensory cell body for peripheral nerve injury generated hypersensitivity, and monitored ex vivo reporter bioluminescence. We observed strong circadian reporter rhythms in DRG neurons which are highly entrainable by external cues. Paclitaxel treatment significantly lengthened DRG circadian periods, with little effects on the amplitude of oscillation. We further observed the core protein BMAL1 and PER2 in DRG neurons and satellite cells. Using DRG and dorsal horn (DH; another key structure for CIPN pain response) tissues from vehicle and paclitaxel treated rats, we performed RNA-sequencing and identified diurnal expression of core clock genes as well as clock-controlled genes in both sites. Interestingly, 20.1% and 30.4% of diurnal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) overlapped with paclitaxel-induced DEGs in the DRG and the DH respectively. In contrast, paclitaxel-induced DEGs displayed only a modest overlap between daytime and nighttime (Zeitgeber Time 8 and 20). Furthermore, paclitaxel treatment induced de novo diurnal DEGs, suggesting reciprocal interaction of circadian rhythms and chemotherapy. Our study therefore demonstrates a circadian oscillation of CIPN and its underlying transcriptomic landscape.
Association of self-regulation with white matter correlates in boys with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ni Hsing-Chang , Lin Hsiang-Yuan , Tseng Wen-Yih Isaac , Gau Susan Shur-Fen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated distinct neural correlates underpinning impaired self-regulation (dysregulation) between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing controls (TDC). However, the impacts of dysregulation on white matter (WM) microstructural property in ASD and TDC remain unclear. Diffusion spectrum imaging was acquired in 59 ASD and 62 TDC boys. We investigated the relationship between participants’ dysregulation levels and microstructural property of 76 WM tracts in a multivariate analysis (canonical correlation analysis), across diagnostic groups. A single mode of brain-behavior co-variation was identified: participants were spread along a single axis linking diagnosis, dysregulation, diagnosis-by-dysregulation interaction, and intelligence to a specific WM property pattern. This mode corresponds to diagnosis-distinct correlates underpinning dysregulation, which showed higher generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) associated with less dysregulation in ASD but greater dysregulation in TDC, in the tracts connecting limbic and emotion regulation systems. Moreover, higher GFA of the tracts implicated in memory, attention, sensorimotor processing, and perception associated with less dysregulation in TDC but worse dysregulation in ASD. No shared WM correlates of dysregulation between ASD and TDC were identified. Corresponding to previous studies, we demonstrated that ASD and TDC have broad distinct white matter microstructural property underpinning self-regulation.
Adhesion characteristics of solution treated environmental dust
Authors: Adukwu Johnny Ebaika , Yilbas Bekir Sami , Jalilov Almaz S. , Al-Qahtani H. , Yaqubu Mubarak , Abubakar Abba Abdulhamid , Khaled Mazen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnvironmental dust is modified towards self-cleaning applications under the gravitational influence. Dust particles are collected in the local area of Dammam in Saudi Arabia and they are treated with a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution. The changes in chemical and adhesion characteristics of the dust particles prior and after the solution treatment are analyzed. Force of adhesion and work required to remove dust from hydrophobic and hydrophilic glass surfaces are assessed, separately, for solution treated and collected dust. We show that aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution treatment modifies some dust components while causing the formation of submicron cracks and nano/submicron porous/pillars like textures on the dust particles. The texture generated on dust surfaces after the solution treatment has a great influence on dust adhesion characteristics. Hence, the solution treated dust particles result in lower adhesion on hydrophobic and hydrophilic glass surfaces as compared to that of untreated dust. The gravitational force enables to remove solution treated dust from inclined glass surfaces, which becomes more apparent for hydrophobic surfaces.