bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of fan broadband noise through wavy leading and trailing edge serrations
Authors: Narayanan S , Singh Sushil Kumar , Kant Manish , Narayanmurthy Aadit 
Published: December 2024

The present study provides comprehensive experimental investigations into the use of wavy leading edge (LE) and trailing edge (TE) serrations as a passive means for augmenting the reductions of fan broadband noise. The findings clearly indicate that the wavy LE – TE serrated fan could yield greater noise reduction performance than the un-serrated and wavy LE serrated fan, over a wide range of frequencies. In general, the wavy LE-TE serrated fans offer a maximum noise reduction of about 10 - 6 dB and an average reduction of about 4 - 5 dB, over a broad range of frequencies. For the range of frequencies from about 3 to 8 kHz, the wavy LE – TE serrated fan delivers a notable additional noise reductions of about 1-2 dB as compared to LE serrated ones, which is observed for all rpm values. For all rpm values, the un-serrated and serrated fans exhibit maximum / minimum directivity at an emission angle of about 127.5o / 77.5o. The lower far-field acoustic emissions (i.e., interaction noise + self-noise) offered by the wavy LE-TE serrated fans arises due to intense far-field destructive interference as a result of the faster spanwise phase variation of the velocity/pressure as well as the higher spanwise de-coherence. Further, the wavy LE-TE serrations mitigate direct scattering at both the LE and TE by dispersing sound energy over a wider area, which results in less intense noise signature in the far field. Thus, it clearly demonstrates that the second generation wavy LE-TE serrations could provide the substantial reduction of the far-field noise as compared to first-generation wavy serrations over a broad range of frequencies.
In-hospital outcomes of acute aortic occlusion treated by endovascular intervention: A single center study
Authors: Adiarto Suko , Wijaya Ray , Indriani Suci , Taofan Taofan , Dakota Iwan 
Published: December 2024

Background Endovascular intervention by means of thrombolysis is emerging as a promising management of Acute Aortic Occlusion (AAO). This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy for AAO cases in a single-center tertiary hospital in Indonesia. Methods We review retrospectively AAO patients treated by Rheolytic thrombectomy ± stenting or TEVAR at our referral center from 2011 to 2024. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed independently and in correlation to one another. Result Out of 21 episodes in 19 patients, AAO was correlated with thromboembolism in 57.1 %, in situ thrombosis in 23.8%, and malperfusion syndrome in 19% of patients. Most prevalent comorbidities found were coronary arterial disease, hypertension, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Method of revascularization were Rheolytic thrombectomy (12), covered stent (5), catheter-directed thrombolysis (2), and TEVAR (4) with an average 90.9% success rate. In-hospital mortality was 21% and did not vary significantly according to etiology (thromboembolism 30% vs in situ thrombosis 20%) except for malperfusion syndrome 0% which comprised of four patients. All fatality occurred among patients with history of coronary artery disease and one failed revascularization case required urgent amputation (5.3%). Average length of stay was 8.67 ± 5.31 days. Conclusion Based on our data, thromboembolism remained highly associated with occurrence of AAO. Endovascular approach by Rheolytic thrombectomy is proven to be comparable or slightly superior in restoring occluded aorto-iliac connection compared to conventional management options. Compared to previous studies, this study establishes a wider representation of AAO cases treated by endovascular means considering the rarity of cases.
A Positive Parathyroid Washout May Obviate the Need for Nuclear Scintigraphy in Parathyroid Adenoma Localization: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Moise Alexander , Abdulhaleem Mawaddah , Bandargal Saruchi , Daniela da Silva Sabrina , Payne Richard J. , Forest Veronique-Isabelle 
Published: December 2024

Background Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) in patients with a parathyroid adenoma (PA) requires imaging modalities for precise localization. Parathyroid hormone assay on ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration washout, or PTH washout, can be used for this purpose. It is unclear whether PTH washout complements traditional PA localization techniques such as a sestamibi (MIBI) scan or diminishes its need. This study aims to determine whether a positive PTH washout obviates the need for an MIBI scan in the preoperative localization of a PA. Method A multi-center retrospective, comparative review comprised adult patients who underwent MIP at 2 McGill University teaching hospitals between 2018 and 2022. Patients who had both PTH washout and MIBI scan for preoperative localization of PA, final histopathology reports available, and preoperative/postoperative results recorded were included in the final analysis. Results Of the 193 patients’ charts reviewed, 87 were included in this study. Of these 87 patients, 74.7% (65/87) had a positive PTH washout result. Among those, MIBI correctly detected 90.8% (59/65) of the PAs. The MIBI scan did not contribute meaningful information for any of the 65 patients who had positive PTH washout results. Conclusion These findings strongly support the use of preoperative dedicated ultrasound as the initial standard procedure. When a PA candidate on ultrasound is found, a PTH washout should be performed. If positive, it could suffice as the sole localization method for MIP surgery. When a PA was identified on ultrasound and confirmed with PTH washout, the MIBI scan did not add more information. Benefits include fewer patient tests, less exposure to ionizing radiation, and reduced healthcare expenses.
Long-term Comparative Outcomes of All-Inside Versus Inside-Out Repair of Bucket-Handle Meniscal Tears: A Cohort Study
Authors: Lamba Abhinav , Hevesi Mario , Pan Xuankang , Boos Alexander M. , Wang Allen S. , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Bucket-handle meniscal tears (BHMTs) are a common subtype of meniscal tears that represent a clinical challenge. Arthroscopic inside-out repair has been considered the gold standard in treatment; however, an all-inside approach has gained widespread popularity, with limited long-term evidence. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to (1) compare long-term clinical outcomes and rates of failure after surgical repair of BHMTs using the all-inside versus inside-out technique, and 2) identify risk factors for failure at long-term follow-up. It was hypothesized that clinical outcomes and rates of failure would be similar between the 2 techniques. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who had undergone surgical repair of BHMTs between 2003 and 2013 at a single institution were identified. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were assessed preoperatively and at the latest follow-up using the Tegner scale, International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire, and visual analog scale pain at rest and with activity. A univariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors for repair failure, defined as revision meniscal surgery and/or documented meniscal retear. Results: In total, 63 patients were included (37 with inside-out repair, 26 with all-inside repair). At a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, the survival rate for BHMT repair was 63% overall, 70% for all-inside repairs, and 60% for inside-out repairs ( P = .37). The mean time to failure was 2.6 years for all-inside repairs and 2.5 years for inside-out repairs ( P = .98). PROM scores were not significantly different between the 2 repair groups ( P > .22). Univariate Cox proportional hazards model for failure demonstrated that increasing age at surgery was associated with lower failure rates (hazard ratio, 0.91 change per 1-year increase in age; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98) and medial meniscus repair was associated with higher failure rates (hazard ratio, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.14-8.77). Conclusion: Long-term follow-up of BHMT repair demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcomes and failure rates. In appropriately selected patients, the all-inside technique did not compromise outcome as compared with the inside-out repair techniques. For both methods, older age was associated with lower failure rates and medial meniscus repair was associated with increased failure.
Violation of the Right to Stay in Nicaragua: Promoting and Weaponizing Emigration
Authors: Chamorro Juan S. 
Published: December 2024

Executive Summary This paper analyzes the right to stay and to migrate in light of state regimes that seek to exercise totalitarian control over their own populations, with a particular focus on the Nicaraguan regime of Daniel Ortega. Such regimes violate the rights to stay and to migrate — which are rooted in human dignity, rights, and agency —by using migration (both of their own citizens and third-country nationals) and repression to ensure their survival and to advance their own political, economic, and geopolitical ends. The author, a former Nicaraguan presidential candidate, finds that such regimes fail to create the conditions that would allow for robust, widely shared, socio-economic development. The Ortega regime instead encourages and seeks to facilitate the emigration of Nicaraguan nationals and depends on spending of remitted monies to keep Nicaragua’s economy afloat. It systematically persecutes, confiscates assets, and strips citizenship from its perceived opponents, including political dissidents, civil society organization, and religious institutions. Finally, it has sought to benefit financially by serving as a hub and way station for third-country nationals in transit to the United States, Costa Rica and other nations, which it (in turn) hopes to destabilize.
Clustering moves: Spatial network analysis in residential mobility
Authors: Cramer-Greenbaum Susannah 
Published: December 2024

In the past sixty years, network analysis has become a valuable analytic tool in the study of interpersonal relationships and also in the construction of spatial relationships within urban geographies. Researchers have applied network analysis in a wide array of spatial applications; however, the power of network analysis has yet to be applied to understanding patterns in residential mobility. Residential movement patterns take place over longer time scales and potentially greater distances than daily journeys or commutes, but equally create networks connecting places and people. This research demonstrates how applying network analysis to residential moves may lend insight to open questions in the study of residential mobility, using fine-grained data on residential moves held by the city of Zurich, Switzerland. By creating a weighted directed network linking locations on a 400 meter coordinate grid with residents moving between them, the work demonstrates that network analysis can reveal geographies that overwrite the political boundaries commonly used to categorize residential spaces in the city. The new geographies produced by this method capture a wholistic picture of moving behaviour independent of reported residential choices. By tracking completed moves rather than stated aims, the uncovered mobility geographies sidestep the common categorisation of voluntary versus structurally determined residential choices, aggregating accumulated choices to demonstrate some of the geographic specificities of residential moving behaviour.
Differences in microorganism profile in periprosthetic joint infections of the hip in patients affected by chronic kidney disease
Authors: Stimolo Davide , Budin Maximilian , De Mauro Domenico , Suero Eduardo , Gehrke Thorsten , Citak Mustafa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This patient population has a higher risk of recurrent infections and hospitalization. The aim of this study is to compare the profile of microorganisms in patients with CKD and PJI of the hip versus controls and to individuate potentially unusual and drug-resistant microorganisms among the causative bacteria.

Materials and methods
A total of 4261 patients affected by PJI of the hip were retrospectively studied. Patients affected by CKD in this population were identified and compared with a control group of patients with PJI but without CKD. Data on patient characteristics and comorbidities were collected. The microorganisms responsible for PJI were identified and compared between both groups.

Results
The CKD group included 409 patients, 54.3% male, mean age of 73.8 ± 8.9 years, a higher body mass index (BMI) than the general population (29.88 ± 5.90 kg/m2), and higher age-adjusted CCI of 6.15 ± 2.35. Overall, 70 different isolates of microorganisms were identified, including 52 Gram-positive spp., 28 Gram-negative spp., 3 fungi, and 1 mycobacterium. Polymicrobial infections were more common in CKD group than controls (47.9% versus 30.9%; p < 0.0001). Staphylococcus spp. were the most common bacteria in both groups, followed by Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. CKD group showed a higher risk of developing infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.003), Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida (p = 0.035).

Conclusions
Renal failure exposes patients who undergo THA to PJI caused by microorganisms that are potentially more drug resistant, leading to a higher risk of treatment failure. Knowing in advance the different microorganism profiles could help to plan a different surgical strategy.
Level of Evidence III.
Brain volumes, cognitive, and adaptive skills in school-age children with Down syndrome
Authors: Grzadzinski Rebecca , Mata Kattia , Bhatt Ambika S. , Jatkar Alapika , Garic Dea , Shen Mark D. , Girault Jessica B. , St. John Tanya , Pandey Juhi , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Estes Annette , Shen Audrey M. , Dager Stephen , Schultz Robert , Botteron Kelly , Marrus Natasha , Styner Martin , Evans Alan , Kim Sun Hyung , McKinstry Robert , Gerig Guido , Piven Joseph , Hazlett Heather ,   for the IBIS Network, Chappell C. , Shaw D. , Constantino J. , Elison J. , Wolff J. , Pruett J. , Collins D. L. , Fonov V. , MacIntyre L. , Das S. , Truong K. , Volk H. , Fallin D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common congenital neurodevelopmental disorder, present in about 1 in every 700 live births. Despite its prevalence, literature exploring the neurobiology underlying DS and how this neurobiology is related to behavior is limited. This study fills this gap by examining cortical volumes and behavioral correlates in school-age children with DS.

Methods
School-age children (mean = 9.7 years ± 1.1) underwent comprehensive assessments, including cognitive and adaptive assessments, as well as an MRI scan without the use of sedation. Children with DS (n = 35) were compared to available samples of typically developing (TD; n = 80) and ASD children (n = 29). ANOVAs were conducted to compare groups on cognitive and adaptive assessments. ANCOVAs (covarying for age, sex, and total cerebral volume; TCV) compared cortical brain volumes between groups. Correlations between behavioral metrics and cortical and cerebellar volumes (separately for gray (GM) and white matter (WM)) were conducted separately by group.

Results
As expected, children with DS had significantly lower cognitive skills compared to ASD and TD children. Daily Living adaptive skills were comparable between ASD children and children with DS, and both groups scored lower than TD children. Children with DS exhibited a smaller TCV compared to ASD and TD children. Additionally, when controlling for TCV, age, and sex, children with DS had significantly smaller total GM and tissue volumes. Cerebellum volumes were significantly correlated with Daily Living adaptive behaviors in the DS group only.

Conclusions
Despite children with DS exhibiting lower cognitive skills and smaller brain volume overall than children with ASD, their deficits in Socialization and Daily Living adaptive skills are comparable. Differences in lobar volumes (e.g., Right Frontal GM/WM, Left Frontal WM, and Left and Right Temporal WM) were observed above and beyond overall differences in total volume. The correlation between cerebellum volumes and Daily Living adaptive behaviors in the DS group provides a novel area to explore in future research.
The effect of time to neurosurgical or neuroradiological intervention therapy on outcomes and quality of care after traumatic brain injury, a registry-based observational study
Authors: Pansiritanachot Wasin , Riyapan Sattha , Shin Sang Do , Chantanakomes Jirayu , Thirawattanasoot Netiporn , Rangabpai Wichayada , Somboonkul Bongkot , Jeong Joo , Song Kyoung Jun , Chiang Wen-Chiu , Jamaluddin Sabariah Faizah , Kajino Kentaro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Evidence regarding the effect of time to neurosurgical and neuroradiological intervention on outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) across Asia-Pacific region is limited. This study evaluates the quality of care and outcomes for TBI patients undergoing neurosurgical and neuroradiological procedures at different timings.

Methods
Adult TBI patients who received any neurosurgical or neuroradiological interventions during the year 2015–2022 in the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study database were analyzed. The time to intervention, as the main exposure, was classified into three groups (Early, Intermediate, and Delayed) using Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) analysis. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and unfavorable neurological outcomes. W score was utilized to compare the quality of care among exposure groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and interaction analysis were performed to identify the association between the exposure groups and outcomes, reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
A total of 1,780 patients were included. From the RCS analysis, patients were classified into three groups according to time to intervention: Early (< 1.9 h), Intermediate (1.9–4.1 h), and Delayed (> 4.1 h). According to the time to intervention, W score was − 8.6 in the early group, -1.1 in the intermediate group, and + 0.4 in the delayed group. Patients receiving intermediate and delayed intervention showed significantly lower mortality (AOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47–0.86 and AOR 0.66, 95%CI 0.48–0.90, respectively).

Conclusion
Early neurosurgical and neuroradiological interventions in TBI patients in the Asia-Pacific region were associated with lower quality of care and higher mortality. The quality of care should be focused and improved during the early hours of TBI.
Vascular hemodynamic effects of penile revascularization surgery and the role of resistive index in follow-up
Authors: Akdemir Fatih , Kayigil Önder 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effects of penile revascularization surgery on penile vascular hemodynamics and to assess the utility of the resistive index (RI) as an objective parameter for postoperative patient follow-up.

Methods
This study included a total of 35 patients who underwent penile revascularization. Penile color Doppler ultrasonography was performed preoperatively and at the third postoperative month to evaluate cavernosal arteries, dorsal arteries, deep dorsal vein, and inferior epigastric artery. During these evaluations, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and resistive index were measured. The International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire was administered before surgery and at the third postoperative month. In addition, corpus cavernosum electromyography and cavernosometry tests were performed in all cases preoperatively. Anastomotic patency was assessed using computed tomography angiography at the end of the follow-up period.

Results
The mean preoperative resistive index values were determined to be 0.74 ± 0.07 and 0.73 ± 0.09 cm/s for the right and left cavernosal arteries, respectively, and these values increased to 0.95 ± 0.09 and 0.96 ± 0.06 cm/s, respectively, at the last postoperative control. The mean International Index of Erectile Function-5, 15 scores for the right and left cavernosal arteries were 8.52 ± 4.83 and 19.4 ± 8.54, respectively, preoperatively, and these scores improved to 15.26 ± 4.50 and 35.76 ± 13.65, respectively, at the last postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the resistive index can be used as an objective parameter in the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction of vascular origin and in the follow-up and management of the disease following penile revascularization.

Trial registration
NCT06350019/04/03/2024 (retrospectively registered).
Environmental sex reversal in parrotfish does not cause differences in the structure of their gut microbial communities
Authors: Dai Jingcheng , Wang Teng , Qiu Shunda , Qi Xiaoxue , Zeng Juntao , Chen Changcui , Wu Siqi , Qiu Dongru , Bai Shijie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractParrotfish are a common fish in coral reef areas, but little is known about their gut microbial communities. In addition, parrotfish are capable of sex reversal, usually some males are sexually reversed from females, and it is still not known whether this sex reversal leads to significant changes in gut microbial communities. In this study, we investigated the gut microbial communities of three species of parrotfish including Scarus forsteni (4 females and 4 sex-reversed males), Scarus ghobban (5 females and 5 sex-reversed males), and Hipposcarus longiceps (5 females and 5 sex-reversed males) by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The gut microbial communities of these three species were mainly composed of Pseudomonadota (class Gammaproteobacteria) and Bacillota, while at the family level, they mainly included Vibrionaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcacea, and Erwiniaceae. Although at the genus level, there were a large number of unclassified lineages, the remaining gut microorganisms were mainly composed of Vibrio, Photobacterium, Enterococcus and Lactococcus. Furthermore, we did not find significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the female parrotfish and corresponding female reversed males within each species, even in terms of the structure of gut microbial functional information obtained from 16 S rRNA gene sequence predictions. However, the gut microbial communities of these three species of parrotfish differed significantly not only in their community structure but also in their microbial functional information structure, mainly in terms of aspartate and asparagine biosynthesis, histidine degradation, inositol degradation, heptose biosynthesis, chitin derivatives degradation, enterobactin biosynthesis, and thiazole biosynthesis. Our study provides essential gut microbial community data for understanding the physiology and sex reversal phenomenon in parrotfish.