bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential adaptation strategies to different levels of soil water deficit in two upland and lowland genotypes of rice: a physiological and metabolic approach
Authors: Abdirad Somayeh , Majd Ahmad , Irian Saeed , Hadidi Naghmeh , Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDUpland genotypes of rice are less sensitive to soil water deficit (SWD), making them suitable candidates for revealing the strategies underlying plant tolerance. The physiological factors, the biochemical traits needed to withstand oxidative stress, and the metabolite fluctuations of an upland genotype (Azucena) and an intolerant lowland genotype (IR64) genotype were measured under two levels of SWD (withholding water for 7‐ or 14 days) to identify SWD‐responsive strategies associated with tolerance.RESULTSAfter withholding water for 7 days, no significant changes in physiological and biochemical traits of Azucena were observed, whereas in IR64, significant decreases in physiological factors were recorded along with increases in oxidative‐stress indicators. However, the root length of Azucena increased significantly, showing a clear stress avoidance strategy. Under a prolonged treatment (14 days), IR64 entered an oxidative‐damage stage, whereas Azucena exhibited a highly efficient antioxidant system. Our metabolite analysis also revealed two different enriched pathways. After a 7‐day SWD, the sugar levels were decreased in the leaves of Azucena but increased in IR64. The reduction in the sugar levels (up to 1.79‐log2FC) in the Azucena leaves may be indicative of their transport to the roots, supplying the carbon source needed for root elongation. Under a 14‐day treatment, proline and aspartate family members accumulated to the highest levels in Azucena, whereas an increase in the levels of aromatic amino acids with key roles in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites was detected in IR64.CONCLUSIONThe adaptation strategies identified in two types of rice genotypes in confronting SWD may assist researchers in finding the proper indicators for screening more tolerant genotypes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Bio‐SCOPE: fast biexponential T1ρ mapping of the brain using signal‐compensated low‐rank plus sparse matrix decomposition
Authors: Zhu Yanjie , Liu Yuanyuan , Ying Leslie , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a fast imaging method based on signal‐compensated low‐rank plus sparse matrix decomposition to accelerate data acquisition for biexponential brain T1ρ mapping (Bio‐SCOPE).MethodsTwo novel strategies were proposed to improve reconstruction performance. A variable‐rate undersampling scheme was used with a varied acceleration factor for each k‐space along the spin‐lock time direction, and a modified nonlinear thresholding scheme combined with a feature descriptor was used for Bio‐SCOPE reconstruction. In vivo brain T1ρ mappings were acquired from 4 volunteers. The fully sampled k‐space data acquired from 3 volunteers were retrospectively undersampled by net acceleration rates (R) of 4.6 and 6.1. Reference values were obtained from the fully sampled data. The agreement between the accelerated T1ρ measurements and reference values was assessed with Bland‐Altman analyses. Prospectively undersampled data with R = 4.6 and R = 6.1 were acquired from 1 volunteer.ResultsT1ρ‐weighted images were successfully reconstructed using Bio‐SCOPE for R = 4.6 and 6.1 with signal‐to‐noise ratio variations <1 dB and normalized root mean square errors <4%. Accelerated and reference T1ρ measurements were in good agreement for R = 4.6 (T1ρs: 18.6651 ± 1.7786 ms; T1ρl: 88.9603 ± 1.7331 ms) and R = 6.1 (T1ρs: 17.8403 ± 3.3302 ms; T1ρl: 88.0275 ± 4.9606 ms) in the Bland‐Altman analyses. T1ρ parameter maps from prospectively undersampled data also show reasonable image quality using the Bio‐SCOPE method.ConclusionBio‐SCOPE achieves a high net acceleration rate for biexponential T1ρ mapping and improves reconstruction quality by using a variable‐rate undersampling data acquisition scheme and a modified soft‐thresholding algorithm in image reconstruction.
Influence of pediatric cancer–related financial burden on parent distress and other stress‐related symptoms
Authors: Santacroce Sheila Judge , Kneipp Shawn M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric cancer–induced financial burden is source of stress for parents, particularly mothers, single parents, and parents with lower incomes. This financial burden has been linked to poorer family quality of life (QOL) in terms of new onset material hardships, and could also affect individual QOL in terms of parents’ stress‐related symptoms. Our purpose was to describe pediatric cancer–induced financial burden among parents of children with that diagnosis, its effects on their stress‐related symptoms (distress, anxiety, cognition impairment, sleep impairment), and associations between select risk factors (relationship to the child, marital status, income) and the extent that financial burden affected parents’ symptoms.ProcedureWe recruited via two parent‐led groups and collected data using an online survey. We calculated frequencies of demographic characteristics, financial burden, and symptoms. We used chi‐square statistics to examine bivariate associations between the risk factors and extent that cancer‐related financial burden affected parents’ symptoms.ResultsMost (63.6%) respondents reported that pediatric cancer severely affected their finances. The majority (50.23‐69.86%) also reported that this burden severely affected their symptoms. Marital status, income, and, for some symptoms, relationship to the child were associated with the extent that financial burden affected the symptoms. Greater proportions of mothers (53‐73.5%), divorced/single parents (69.2‐90.4%), and parents in the lowest income category (77.3‐95.5%) experienced severely affected symptoms compared to fathers (41.7‐59.5%), married/partnered parents (41.7‐59.5%), and parents in the highest income category (28.6‐42.9%).ConclusionFinancial burden and symptoms are fitting targets for interventions to improve family and individual QOL in the context of pediatric cancer.
Unified concepts for understanding and modelling turnover of dissolved organic matter from freshwaters to the ocean: the UniDOM model
Authors: Anderson T. R. , Rowe E. C. , Polimene L. , Tipping E. , Evans C. D. , Barry C. D. G. , Hansell D. A. , Kaiser K. , Kitidis V. , Lapworth D. J. , Mayor D. J. , Monteith D. T. , Pickard A. E. , Sanders R. J. , Spears B. M. , Torres R. , Tye A. M. , Wade A. J. , Waska H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM) across the land-ocean-aquatic-continuum (LOAC), from freshwater to the ocean, is an important yet poorly understood component of the global carbon budget. Exploring and quantifying this flux is a significant challenge given the complexities of DOM cycling across these contrasting environments. We developed a new model, UniDOM, that unifies concepts, state variables and parameterisations of DOM turnover across the LOAC. Terrigenous DOM is divided into two pools, T1(strongly-UV-absorbing) and T2(non- or weakly-UV-absorbing), that exhibit contrasting responses to microbial consumption, photooxidation and flocculation. Data are presented to show that these pools are amenable to routine measurement based on specific UV absorbance (SUVA). In addition, an autochtonous DOM pool is defined to account for aquatic DOM production. A novel aspect of UniDOM is that rates of photooxidation and microbial turnover are parameterised as an inverse function of DOM age. Model results, which indicate that ~ 5% of the DOM originating in streams may penetrate into the open ocean, are sensitive to this parameterisation, as well as rates assigned to turnover of freshly-produced DOM. The predicted contribution of flocculation to DOM turnover is remarkably low, although a mechanistic representation of this process in UniDOM was considered unachievable because of the complexities involved. Our work highlights the need for ongoing research into the mechanistic understanding and rates of photooxidation, microbial consumption and flocculation of DOM across the different environments of the LOAC, along with the development of models based on unified concepts and parameterisations.
Conductive Black Titania Nanomaterials for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Bi Qingyuan , Huang Xieyi , Dong Yanchun , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an important semiconductor is widely used in the fields of solar cell, solar thermal collectors, and photocatalysis, but the visible-light power harvest remains insufficient due to the little effective visible-light absorption and many carrier-recombination centers originating from the wide band gap structure. Herein, conductive black titania (BT) nanomaterials with crystalline-TiO2-core/amorphous-TiO2−x-shell structure prepared through two-zone Al-reduction route are found efficient in photocatalyzing the degradation of organic pollutants to environmentally friendly products under full solar and even visible light irradiation. The unique core–shell structure and numerous surface oxygen vacancies or Ti3+ species in the amorphous layer accompanying prominent physicochemical properties of narrow band gap, high carrier concentration, high electron mobility, and excellent separation and transportation of photoinduced e−−h+ pairs result in exceptional photocatalytic efficiency. The optimized BT-500 (pristine TiO2 treated at 500 °C during two-zone Al-reduction process) catalyst achieves superior photocatalytic degradation rates for toluene and ethyl acetate as well as an excellent photostability with high degradation efficiency of 93% for the 6th reuse.

Graphic Abstract
Bevacizumab suppresses the growth of established non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases in a hematogenous brain metastasis model
Authors: Masuda Chinami , Sugimoto Masamichi , Wakita Daiko , Monnai Makoto , Ishimaru Chisako , Nakamura Ryo , Kinoshita Mari , Yorozu Keigo , Kurasawa Mitsue , Kondoh Osamu , Yamamoto Kaname 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBrain metastases are common in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The efficacy of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) humanized antibody, has been demonstrated in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. We established a transplantable NSCLC cell line (Nluc-H1915) that stably expresses NanoLuc® reporter and confirmed the correlation between total Nluc activity in tumor and tumor volume in vivo. SCID mice inoculated with these cells through the internal carotid artery formed reproducible brain metastases, in which human VEGF was detected. Next, after metastases were established in the model mice (15–17 days), they were intraperitoneally administered weekly doses of human immunoglobulin G (HuIgG) or bevacizumab. Nluc activity in the brain was significantly lower in bevacizumab-treated mice than in HuIgG-treated mice. Additionally, bevacizumab concentration in the brain was higher in mice with brain metastasis than in normal mice, and bevacizumab was primarily observed in brain metastasis lesions. The microvessel density in brain metastasis was lower in bevacizumab-treated mice than in HuIgG-treated mice. We believe bevacizumab’s anti-proliferative effect on brain metastasis is due to anti-angiogenic activity achieved by its penetration into brain metastases; this suggests that a bevacizumab-containing regimen may be a promising treatment option for patients with NSCLC brain metastasis.
Formalizing Kant’s Rules
Authors: Evans R. , Sergot M. , Stephenson A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper formalizes part of the cognitive architecture that Kant develops in theCritique of Pure Reason. The central Kantian notion that we formalize is therule. As we interpret Kant, a rule is not a declarative conditional stating what would be true if such and such conditions hold. Rather, a Kantian rule is a general procedure, represented by a conditional imperative or permissive, indicatingwhich acts must or may be performed, given certain acts that are already being performed. These acts are not propositions; they do not have truth-values. Our formalization is related to the input/ output logics, a family of logics designed to capture relations between elements that need not have truth-values. In this paper, we introduce KL3as a formalization of Kant’s conception of rules as conditional imperatives and permissives. We explain how it differs from standard input/output logics, geometric logic, and first-order logic, as well as how it translates natural language sentences not well captured by first-order logic. Finally, we show how the various distinctions in Kant’s much-maligned Table of Judgements emerge as the most natural way of dividing up the various types and sub-types of rule in KL3. Our analysis sheds new light on the way in which normative notions play a fundamental role in the conception of logic at the heart of Kant’s theoretical philosophy.
The future of barriers and trapping methods in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control program in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Miehls Scott , Sullivan Paul , Twohey Michael , Barber Jessica , McDonald Rodney 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA major duty of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC), created in 1955, was the development a program of eradication or management of sea lamprey populations in the Great Lakes for the protection of the Great Lakes fishery. Beginning in the 1980s the GLFC shifted sea lamprey control to an integrated pest management model seeking to deploy control measures which target multiple life stages. Currently control efforts focus on limiting the area of infestation using barriers to migratory adults and eradication of larvae from streams using selective pesticides. Feedback on program effectiveness is obtained by trapping migratory adult lamprey at a series of index sites around the basin. The GLFC continues to support multiple research initiatives to develop additional control, improve current control measures, and further advance the sea lamprey control program. During the past six decades sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes has evolved as the research program has identified technological advances. Here we summarize the current state and recent advancements for two of the sea lamprey control program’s core elements, barriers and traps, highlight challenges to be addressed to continue the advancement of these program elements, and provide a series of research questions to spur interest within the research community. Further, because considerable information about these program elements is scattered among grey literature and technical reports, we summarize the history of barriers and traps in sea lamprey control in the included appendices to provide relevant program background to anyone interested in pursuing these research topics.
Longitudinal trajectories of amyloid deposition, cortical thickness, and tau in Down syndrome: A deep‐phenotyping case report
Authors: Mak Elijah , Bickerton Anastasia , Padilla Concepcion , Walpert Madeleine J. , Annus Tiina , Wilson Liam R. , Hong Young T. , Fryer Tim D. , Coles Jonathan P. , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , Christian Bradley T. , Handen Benjamin L. , Klunk William E. , Menon David K. , Nestor Peter J. , Zaman Shahid H. , Holland Anthony J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionComorbid Alzheimer disease pathologies are frequently found in people with Down syndrome (DS). We report a deep phenotyping study undertaken over 7 years in a participant with DS who was nondemented at baseline but developed dementia after 5 years.MethodsThroughout the course of the study, the participant was seen 4 times (2010, 2013, 2015, and 2017). Multimodal neuroimaging, including three serial scans of [11C]‐PiB‐PET, four structural magnetic resonance imagings, as well as a [18F]‐AV1451 scan, was interpreted alongside detailed neuropsychological assessments over the study period.ResultsAmyloid beta accumulation preceded the onset of dementia and cognitive decline, which in turn corresponded to the predominant deposition of tau in temporoparietal cortices.DiscussionUntil now, data on the longitudinal trajectories of amyloid accumulation, tau pathology, and brain atrophy over multiple time points remain scarce in DS. This case report highlights the potential for deep phenotyping imaging to elucidate the substrates of cognitive decline in DS, although further longitudinal studies are necessary to clarify the relative contributions of both amyloid and tau.
Risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants in the central region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Mouqdad Mountasser Mohammad , Abdelrahim Adli , Abdalgader Ayman Tagelsir , Alyaseen Nowf , Khalil Thanaa Mustafa , Taha Muhammed Yassen , Asfour Suzan Suhail 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a serious complication of premature (<32 weeks) deliveries, especially in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; <1500 g) neonates. Infants developing severe IVH are more prone to long-term developmental disabilities. Although 62%–79% of women in Saudi Arabia receive antenatal steroids, IVH incidence remains high. We analyzed the risk factors for IVH in preterm VLBW neonates in the central region of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
We included premature infants with IVH (n = 108) and gestational age- and birth weight-matched control group infants (n = 108) admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. Cases were divided into mild (grades I and II; n = 56) and severe (grades III and IV; n = 52) IVH groups. Association of IVH with risk factors in the first week of life was investigated.

Results:
The following risk factors were associated with severe IVH: lack of antenatal steroid administration (P < .001), pulmonary hemorrhage (P = .023), inotrope use (P = .032), neonatal hydrocortisone administration (P = .001), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (P = .005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the following to be significant: lack of antenatal dexamethasone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.219, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.087–0.546), neonatal hydrocortisone administration (aOR: 3.519, 95% CI 1.204–10.281), and PDA (aOR: 2.718, 95% CI 1.024–7.210). Low hematocrit in the first 3 days of life was significantly associated with severe IVH (all P < .01).

Conclusions:
Failure to receive antenatal dexamethasone, PDA, hydrocortisone administration for neonatal hypotension, and low hematocrit in the first 3 days of life was associated with severe IVH in VLBW neonates. Clinicians and healthcare policy makers should consider these factors during decision-making.
Building capacity for collaborative research on opioid and other substance use disorders through the Clinical and Translational Science Award Program
Authors: Cottler Linda B. , Green Alan I. , Pincus Harold Alan , McIntosh Scott , Humensky Jennifer L. , Brady Kathleen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe opioid crisis in the USA requires immediate action through clinical and translational research. Already built network infrastructure through funding by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) provides a major advantage to implement opioid-focused research which together could address this crisis. NIDA supports training grants and clinical trial networks; NCATS funds the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program with over 50 NCATS academic research hubs for regional clinical and translational research. Together, there is unique capacity for clinical research, bioinformatics, data science, community engagement, regulatory science, institutional partnerships, training and career development, and other key translational elements. The CTSA hubs provide unprecedented and timely response to local, regional, and national health crises to address research gaps [Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program, Center for Leading Innovation and Collaboration, Synergy paper request for applications]. This paper describes opportunities for collaborative opioid research at CTSA hubs and NIDA–NCATS opportunities that build capacity for best practices as this crisis evolves. Results of a Landscape Survey (among 63 hubs) are provided with descriptions of best practices and ideas for collaborations, with research conducted by hubs also involved in premier NIDA initiatives. Such collaborations could provide a rapid response to the opioid epidemic while advancing science in multiple disciplinary areas.
The biophysics of superoxide dismutase-1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Wright Gareth S. A. , Antonyuk Svetlana V. , Hasnain S. Samar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFew proteins have come under such intense scrutiny as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1). For almost a century, scientists have dissected its form, function and then later its malfunction in the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We now know SOD1 is a zinc and copper metalloenzyme that clears superoxide as part of our antioxidant defence and respiratory regulation systems. The possibility of reduced structural integrity was suggested by the first crystal structures of human SOD1 even before deleterious mutations in thesod1gene were linked to the ALS. This concept evolved in the intervening years as an impressive array of biophysical studies examined the characteristics of mutant SOD1 in great detail. We now recognise how ALS-related mutations perturb the SOD1 maturation processes, reduce its ability to fold and reduce its thermal stability and half-life. Mutant SOD1 is therefore predisposed to monomerisation, non-canonical self-interactions, the formation of small misfolded oligomers and ultimately accumulation in the tell-tale insoluble inclusions found within the neurons of ALS patients. We have also seen that several post-translational modifications could push wild-type SOD1 down this toxic pathway. Recently we have come to view ALS as a prion-like disease where both the symptoms, and indeed SOD1 misfolding itself, are transmitted to neighbouring cells. This raises the possibility of intervention after the initial disease presentation. Several small-molecule and biologic-based strategies have been devised which directly target the SOD1 molecule to change the behaviour thought to be responsible for ALS. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the many biophysical advances that sculpted our view of SOD1 biology and the recent work that aims to apply this knowledge for therapeutic outcomes in ALS.
A Wet‐Bulb Temperature‐Based Rain‐Snow Partitioning Scheme Improves Snowpack Prediction Over the Drier Western United States
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Heng , Broxton Patrick , Fang Yuanhao , Behrangi Ali , Barlage Michael , Zeng Xubin , Niu Guo‐Yue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccumulation of snowfall during winter and snowmelt in the subsequent spring or earlier summer provides a dominant water source in alpine regions. Most land surface and hydrological models use near‐surface air temperature (Ta) thresholds to partition precipitation into snow and rain, underestimating snowfall over drier regions. We developed a snow‐rain partitioning scheme using the wet‐bulb temperature (Tw), which is closer to the surface temperature of a falling hydrometeor than Ta. Tw becomes more depressed in drier environments as derived from Tw depression equation using Ta and surface air humidity, resulting in a greater fraction of snowfall. We implemented this new Tw scheme in the Noah‐MP land surface model and evaluated the model against a high‐quality ground‐based snow product over the contiguous United States. The results suggest that the new Tw scheme substantially improves the model skill in simulating snow depth and snow water equivalent over most snow‐covered grids, especially the higher and drier continental mountain ranges in the Western United States, while it retains the modeling accuracy over the more humid Eastern United States.