bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma rich in growth factors reduces blue light‐induced oxidative damage on retinal pigment epithelial cells and restores their homeostasis by modulating vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium‐derived factor expression
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , de la Fuente Maria , del Olmo‐Aguado Susana , Suarez‐Barrio Carlota , Merayo‐Lloves Jesus , Muruzabal Francisco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study analysed the effectiveness of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in reducing the oxidative stress induced by blue light exposition on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.MethodsBlood from six healthy donors was collected to obtain the PRGF. Retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE‐19) cells were exposed to blue light. Then, cells were incubated with PRGF or with control for 24 and 48 hours maintaining exposure to blue light. The cytoprotective effect of PRGF on ARPE cells was evaluated by measuring the cell viability, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of different proteins such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD‐1), apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF), pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).ResultsThe cell viability increased significantly at 24 and 48 hours after PRGF treatment compared to the control group. ROS synthesis was significantly reduced in PRGF‐treated cells with respect to control. Furthermore, the levels of HO‐1, SOD‐1 and AIF were significantly reduced after PRGF treatment at both times of treatment. However, CAT levels were only significantly reduced after PRGF treatment at 48 hours. The high expression of VEGF by RPE cells exposed to blue light was only counterbalanced in the PRGF group by increasing the expression of PEDF in comparison to the control group.ConclusionThe present results show that PRGF treatment reduces the cytotoxic effects induced in RPE cells exposed to an oxidative stress environment. Furthermore, PRGF treatment preserves the mitochondrial activity and cell viability of RPE cells subjected to an oxidative stress.
Muscle swelling following blood flow‐restricted exercise does not differ between cuff widths in the proximal or distal portions of the upper leg
Authors: Bell Zachary W. , Abe Takashi , Wong Vickie , Spitz Robert W. , Viana Ricardo B. , Chatakondi Raksha N. , Dankel Scott J. , Yamada Yujiro , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose was to understand how wider cuffs, covering larger portions of the limb, may affect acute muscle swelling when used during low‐load knee extension exercise with blood flow restriction. A total of 96 individuals (53 females and 43 males) completed two visits, with visit one used for measuring maximal strength and arterial occlusion pressure (AOP), and visit two to compare between a narrow (5 cm) and a wide (12 cm) cuff for acute changes in muscle thickness and echo intensity following exercise. Ultrasound measurements were completed at a proximal and distal site within both legs, with the proximal site located beneath the cuff within the leg exercising using the wide cuff. Study findings indicate that the difference in acute changes for muscle thickness [median difference (95% credible interval) of 0.009 (−0.03, 0.05) cm] and echo intensity [median difference (95% credible interval) of 0.79 (−0.28, 1.89) AU] between cuff widths did not differ between proximal and distal sites. Additionally, acute changes in muscle thickness did not differ between cuff widths, sexes or participants who had AOP measured and those who were estimated. Lastly, acute changes in echo intensity did not differ between cuff widths and those who had AOP measured and those who were estimated. However, there was evidence showing how there might be greater reductions in echo intensity for females at the distal site. The previously observed attenuation of muscle growth under the cuff is unlikely to be related to differences in the acute muscle swelling response.
Dental sleep medicine: Time to incorporate sleep apnoea education in the dental curriculum
Authors: Herrero Babiloni Alberto , Beetz Gabrielle , Dal Fabbro Cibele , Martel Marc O. , Huynh Nelly , Masse Jean-François , Sessle Barry , Lavigne Gilles J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDental sleep medicine is a discipline that includes conditions such as sleep breathing disorders (eg snoring and sleep apnoea), sleep bruxism, orofacial pain and sleep‐related complaints, and to some extent gastro‐oesophageal reflux disorder and/or insomnia. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a life‐threatening condition that dentists need to identify and manage when indicated in order to increase patient well‐being and to be taken in consideration in the dental curriculum. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the relevance of dental sleep medicine in the context of dental education, and to discuss potential educational content for integration in the dental curriculum with a focus on OSA, a condition that is not yet integrated in many dental training curricula around the world.
How dentists learn behaviour support skills for adults with intellectual developmental disorders: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Griffiths Colin , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary , Wride Michael A. , Nunn June H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionAn understanding of how dentists develop patient support techniques for use with adults with intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) may lead to a better understanding of how these techniques can be taught. In this study, we explored how skilled dentists developed non‐physical, non‐pharmacological patient support techniques (nPSTs) for use with adults with IDD.Materials and methodsAdopting a qualitative descriptive design, a synchronous online group interview was undertaken with six dentists. Informants were subsequently contacted in pairs, or individually, for further interview. All data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Author biases and rigour are considered.ResultsThree categories emerged: Motivation to learn; Formal learning; and Informal learning, and the latter had three subcategories: Observation; Trial; and error and Experience. Motivators to learn PST skills included perceived empathy and a sense of responsibility towards patients with IDD. Formal undergraduate learning was lacking leaving dentists to rely on paediatric training “A paediatric model from your training… needs to be restructured and re‐emphasised with people with disabilities as they progress through the lifespan.”, whereas specialist training was reported to be helpful where available. Over time, practitioners developed an individualised skillset through observation, trial and error and experience. “You learn. Just like any job, you learn on the job. You learn a lot from experience and mistakes.”DiscussionEssential patient support skills appear to be acquired in an ad hoc manner. How dentists learn their skills has implications for dental training for future and current dental professionals.ConclusionsSpecific recommendations to improve education are made.
Is the operationally defined fraction of soil organic matter, “GRSP” (glomalin‐related soil protein), stable in soils? Evidence from trends in long‐term bare fallow soil
Authors: Cissé Gaoussou , van Oort Folkert , Chenu Claire , Essi Marc , Staunton Siobhan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe operationally defined fraction of soil organic matter (SOM), glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP), has been reported to be particularly stable. This is the first study to test this hypothesis. Archived soil has been used from the long‐term bare fallow trial, known as the 42‐Plots, in Versailles, France. With no input from plants for 80 years, changes in GRSP must result from either turnover of SOM or net mineralization. Intrinsically, stability of protein would lead to progressive enrichment in GRSP. Soils from treatments that influenced pH, soil C:N ratio and physical stability were studied. Soil having received manure amendment was also studied to give contrasting microbial activity. Both GRSP and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents declined over the 80‐year period, with the exception of the manure treatment. GRSP and SOC contents were positively correlated. SOC was continuously enriched in GRSP in the control treatment, suggesting greater stability of GRSP. The SOC in manure‐amended soil was also progressively enriched in GRSP, but this can be attributed to the GRSP content of added manure. For the other treatments, the ratio GRSP:SOC fell continuously (CaCO3 amendment) or fell to a minimum value after 45 years (KCl amendment) or levelled off after a progressive increase ((NH4)2SO4 amendment). Trends are compared with measured soil properties and changes in microbial activity inferred from soil pH. No reliable independent assessment of microbial composition of these archived soils is possible. The results cannot be explained by inherent chemical or physicochemical stability of GRSP. We conclude that recycling of SOM continually produces soil protein. The net change in GRSP content is a complex function of SOM cycling and protein mineralization. These findings add to the increasing body of evidence that the operationally defined fraction of SOM known as GRSP does not predominantly originate from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal activity.Highlights
Processes determining SOM enrichment in GRSP in C‐depleted soils are not understood.
GRSP decreased along with SOC, but relative rates of decline varied with amendments.
Levels of GRSP appear to be due to organic matter turnover as well as mineralization.
GRSP does not appear to originate from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal activity.
Outcome of pregnancies after onset of the neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Kim S.‐H. , Huh S.‐Y. , Jang H. , Park N. Y. , Kim Y. , Jung J. Y. , Lee M. Y. , Hyun J.‐W. , Kim H. J. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeData on the pregnancy outcome of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remain limited, especially for woman who had received immunosuppressive treatment before becoming pregnant. The aim was to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy amongst patients with NMOSD who attempted to become pregnant after NMOSD onset and to identify risk factors that predict pregnancy‐related attack.MethodsMedical records from 29 patients who attempted to become pregnant after NMOSD onset were retrospectively evaluated and the patients were interviewed for pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy‐related attack was defined as an attack that occurred during pregnancy or within 1 year of delivery.ResultsAmongst the 29 patients, 26 had 33 pregnancies after NMOSD symptom onset. The 33 pregnancies after NMOSD onset resulted in 24 live births (healthy neonates except one with low birth weight), six miscarriages and three elective abortions. Pregnancy‐related attack occurred in nine (75%) of 12 pregnancies before initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, but in only five (24%) of 21 pregnancies after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (P = 0.009). Multivariable analysis indicated that pregnancy‐related attack was negatively associated with pregnancy after initiation of rituximab (odds ratio 0.048, 95% confidence interval 0.004–0.546).ConclusionSuccessful pregnancy without maternal and neonatal complications may be feasible in patients with NMOSD. Rituximab treatment before pregnancy might help to prevent pregnancy‐related attack in patients with NMOSD.
Japan Society of Hepatology Guidelines for the Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: 2019 update
Authors:   Drafting Committee for Hepatitis Management Guidelines, the Japan Society of Hepatology
Published: April 2020

The Drafting Committee for Hepatitis Management Guidelines established by the Japan Society of Hepatology published the first version of the Guidelines for the Management of Hepatitis B in 2013 (first English version in 2014), and has since been publishing updates to the Guidelines as new drugs become available, with the latest original Japanese version being Version 3.1. Herein, the Drafting Committee publishes the second English version that contains all the changes made since the first English version of the guidelines was published in 2014. This 2019 version covers: (i) the nucleos(t)ide analogs, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide; (ii) updates to treatment recommendations and management of drug‐resistant hepatitis B virus that reflect the new availability of these drugs; and (iii) new information about hepatitis B virus reactivation with each update. This latest update also contains information about treatment goals, indications for treatment and cessation of nucleos(t)ide analog therapy, most of which were covered by the first version.
La reglamentación y el futuro del trabajo. La relación de trabajo como factor de innovación
Authors: ALOISI Antonio , DE STEFANO Valerio 
Published: April 2020

ResumenLa transformación digital y la reorganización de la empresa han generado fórmulas distintas de la relación de trabajo típica. Frente al modelo de disrupción digital que proclama la inadecuación del marco jurídico a los modelos de trabajo y de negocio «innovadores», en este artículo se aboga por la reglamentación laboral como factor de innovación. La relación de trabajo es un instrumento flexible y las formas típicas de empleo resultan rentables y eficientes. Además de permitir el pleno ejercicio de la prerrogativa empresarial y la flexibilidad interna en la gestión del trabajo, constituyen un mecanismo eficaz de formación y capacitación.
Efficacy of risankizumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis by baseline demographics, disease characteristics and prior biologic therapy: an integrated analysis of the phase III UltIMMa‐1 and UltIMMa‐2 studies
Authors: Strober B. , Menter A. , Leonardi C. , Gordon K. , Lambert J. , Puig L. , Photowala H. , Longcore M. , Zhan T. , Foley P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRisankizumab is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin‐23 through binding the p19 subunit. In Phase 3 trials, risankizumab demonstrated superior efficacy compared with adalimumab and ustekinumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Here, we evaluated the impact of baseline characteristics on efficacy of risankizumab compared with ustekinumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.MethodsThis analysis included all patients initially randomized to risankizumab or ustekinumab from the replicate, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 3 trials, UltIMMa‐1 (NCT02684370) and UltIMMa‐2 (NCT02684357). Patients received either risankizumab (150 mg) or ustekinumab (weight‐based; 45 or 90 mg per label) at weeks 0, 4, 16, 28 and 40. Efficacy was assessed as the proportion of patients achieving ≥90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) at weeks 16 and 52 by baseline patient demographics, disease characteristics and prior biologic exposure. Mean per cent improvement in PASI was calculated by body weight and body mass index at week 52. Missing efficacy data were imputed as non‐responders for categorical variables and last observation carried forward for continuous variables. Logistic regression analyses assessed for interactions between treatment and five independent variables (age, sex, weight, baseline PASI score and presence of psoriatic arthritis) at both weeks 16 and 52.ResultsBaseline patient demographics, disease characteristics and prior biologic exposure were similar between patients randomized to risankizumab (n = 598) and ustekinumab (n = 199). At weeks 16 and 52, risankizumab demonstrated superior efficacy compared with ustekinumab across these patient characteristics (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that risankizumab was superior to ustekinumab at weeks 16 and 52 in all models tested (P < 0.0001 for all).ConclusionsRisankizumab demonstrated consistent and superior efficacy compared with ustekinumab regardless of patient demographics, disease characteristics or prior biologic exposure.
Magnitude of and prediction for risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B taking entecavir or tenofovir therapy: A systematic review
Authors: Tseng Cheng‐Hao , Tseng Chao‐Ming , Wu Jia‐Ling , Hsu Yao‐Chun , El-Serag Hashem B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEntecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) have been shown to reduce incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This systematic review aims to evaluate the magnitude, change over time, and prediction of residual HCC risks in CHB patients treated with ETV/TDF therapy.MethodsAvailable literature was systematically reviewed through searches of PubMed and EMBASE databases from January 1, 2006 to September 1, 2019, to identify cohort studies that reported HCC incidence in CHB patients during ETV/TDF therapy. Studies were screened by title and abstract and then evaluated for eligibility in terms of full text.ResultsWe identified 141 studies for full‐text review, and 34 were eligible for analysis. From 19 studies with data separated by cirrhosis status, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of HCC was 0.5–6.9% in patients without cirrhosis, 4.5–21.6% in compensated cirrhosis, and 36.3–46.5% in decompensated cirrhosis. All four studies that addressed temporal changes in HCC risks consistently found the incidence rate decreased over time in patients with cirrhosis, although the findings were inconsistent in patients without cirrhosis. Six predictive scores were developed and validated to predict incident HCC during ETV/TDF therapy in CHB patients. Common scoring variables included age, sex, cirrhosis (fibrosis grade), and hepatic function. Conflicting results were reported in seven individual studies and two meta‐analyses that compared ETV versus TDF.ConclusionsThe residual risk of HCC remains during ETV/TDF treatment in CHB patients with cirrhosis but declines over time. Risk stratification is attainable by validated predictive scores.
A survey of oncology advanced practice providers’ knowledge and attitudes towards sexual and gender minorities with cancer
Authors: Sutter Megan E. , Bowman‐Curci Meghan L. , Duarte Arevalo Luisa F. , Sutton Steven K. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Schabath Matthew B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the knowledge and attitudes towards sexual and gender minority (SGM) oncology patients’ needs among advanced practice providers (APPs).BackgroundSGM individuals experience health disparities, in part due to lack of access to knowledgeable providers. Despite the important role of APPs in cancer care, less is known about their attitudes and knowledge towards SGM cancer patients.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA survey of APPs at a National Cancer Institute‐Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center assessed self‐reported demographics, attitudes, knowledge and postsurvey confidence in knowledge of SGM oncology patient needs. Reporting of this study adheres to STROBE guidelines.ResultsKnowledge of health needs was low with an average of 2.56 (SD = 1.27) items answered correctly out of 6. The majority of APPs self‐reported being comfortable treating SGM patients (93.6% and 87.2%, respectively), but less confident in knowledge of their health needs (68.0% and 53.8%, respectively). Although less than half of APPs believed education should be mandatory (44.9%), 79.5% were interested in education about SGMs’ unique health needs. Political affiliation, medical specialty, licensure, and having SGM friends or family were associated with various attitude items, but not knowledge. Moderation analyses indicated that APPs who had greater overall knowledge scores were more likely to agree, on average, that knowing sexual orientation, gender identity and sex assigned at birth are important to providing quality oncology care.ConclusionAPPs report being comfortable providing care for SGMs with cancer, but knowledge gaps remain that may inhibit the quality of care provided. Given the interest in education, results would support the development of SGM‐related healthcare training for oncology APPs.Relevance to clinical practiceTargeted education for providers during training and continuing education is likely to improve the provision of quality care for SGMs with cancer.
The more severe the merrier: Severity of error consequences stimulates learning from error
Authors: Keith Nina , Horvath Dorothee , Klamar Alexander 
Published: April 2020

Errors at work can lead to learning but little is known about error attributes and person attributes that make learning more or less likely. This research tested the role of severity of error consequences (error attribute) and trait negative affectivity (person attribute) for learning from error. In two experimental vignette studies, participants responded to written error scenarios that typically happen to university students (Study 1, N = 216) or to employees at work (Study 2, N = 121). In support of the view that error consequences need to be severe enough to attract attention, severity of error consequences increased both affective learning (perceived utility of the error; Studies 1 and 2) and cognitive learning (correctly recalled error scenarios; Study 2). In both studies, trait negative affectivity was associated with decreased affective learning when error consequences were severe (interaction effect). The results suggest that some errors at work – at least errors with minor consequences – may not receive much attention and are easily forgotten. To fully exploit learning opportunities, organizations should give attention to all errors and take them seriously, irrespective of severity of immediate error consequences.Practitioner points

Whether errors in organizations receive attention seems to depend on severity of error consequences, rather than on errors per se and their informational value.

This implies that valuable learning opportunities of errors may be missed.

To fully exploit learning opportunities, managers should encourage open communication and learning from error and avoid unproductive blaming.

This particularly applies to dispositionally anxious individuals who may feel threatened by errors more easily and who may, in turn, respond defensively.
Sacred Canopies or Religious Markets? The Effect of County‐Level Religious Diversity on Later Changes in Religious Involvement
Authors: Olson Daniel v.a. , Marshall Joey , Jung Jong Hyun , Voas David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSecularization theories, such as Berger's Sacred Canopy argument, hold that religious diversity leads to a decline in religious participation. Religious market models (e.g., Finke and Stark) argue the opposite. Voas, Olson, and Crockett found that nearly all of the vast research exploring this important question prior to 2002 was flawed due to a previously unrecognized noncausal statistical relationship between measures of religious diversity and measures of religious participation. Since 2002, this methodological issue has largely stymied research on this important topic. We first describe how, following Voas et al.’s recommendations, longitudinal models can overcome these problems. We then apply these methods to data measuring the religious composition of all U.S. counties found in the Religious Congregations and Membership Studies from 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Using multilevel longitudinal regression models, we find that greater county‐level religious diversity is followed by later declines in county‐level religious participation rates. The negative effect size of religious diversity is large and robust to changes in the control variables and different methods of measuring religious diversity.