bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patch size and vegetation structure drive changes to mixed-species flock diversity and composition across a gradient of fragment sizes in the Western Andes of Colombia
Authors: Jones Harrison H , Robinson Scott K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Forest fragmentation is a leading driver of biodiversity loss, yet its effects on positive species interactions remain poorly known. We examined the effects of fragmentation on mixed-species bird flocks in the Western Andes of Colombia. Using 500-m transect surveys (n = 14 transects), we sampled flocks in 8 fragments (range: 10–173 ha) and an unfragmented reference site within the same altitudinal band (1,900–2,200 m.a.s.l.) and matrix type (cattle pasture). We evaluated the relative contributions of 9 predictor variables, including patch size, distance from edge, and selective aspects of vegetation structure on the composition, size, species richness, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity of flocks. We found effects of both patch size and vegetation structure on flock species richness, size, and functional diversity, but no support for edge effects. Generally, flock richness and size responded differently to fragmentation than did functional and phylogenetic diversity metrics. Both flock size and richness increased with patch size, but this variable had no effect on functional and phylogenetic diversity. Flock richness and size increased in high-canopy forests with greater foliage height diversity, whereas unlogged, old-growth primary forests with large-diameter trees had lower flock richness and size, but significantly greater functional diversity. Phylogenetic diversity was not affected by patch size, edge effects, or vegetation structure. We found differences in flock composition in response to fragmentation. Richness of Furnariidae in flocks increased with increasing distance from edge and foliage height diversity, whereas that of Thraupidae and boreal migrant species increased in early successional and forest edge flocks, respectively. All flock diversity metrics differed significantly seasonally, with smaller, less diverse flocks observed in January–March than in June–August. Flocking behavior persisted in 10-ha fragments, likely because Andean flocks are “open membership” in nature, but there was extensive species turnover as forest edge and generalist species replaced forest-interior species in smaller fragments.
Dynamic permeability functions for partially saturated porous media
Authors: Solazzi Santiago G , Rubino J Germán , Jougnot Damien , Holliger Klaus 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY
While the frequency-dependence of permeability under fully saturated conditions has been studied for decades, the corresponding characteristics of partially saturated porous media remain unexplored. Notably, it is not clear whether the use of effective pore fluid approaches under such conditions is valid. To address this issue, we propose a method that allows us to obtain dynamic permeability functions for partially saturated porous media. To this end, we conceptualize the considered pore space as a bundle of capillary tubes of different radii saturated by two immiscible fluid phases. We then solve the Navier–Stokes equations within the pore space and define a capillary pressure–saturation relationship, which permits to obtain saturation- and frequency-dependent effective permeability estimates. The application of this method to a realistic model of an unconsolidated granular sediment demonstrates that dynamic effective permeability functions for wetting and non-wetting fluid phases exhibit distinct characteristics, thus rendering effective pore fluid approaches inadequate. Finally, we explore the capability of the seminal dynamic permeability model developed by Johnson et al.[J. Fluid Mech. 176, 379 (1987)] to account for the effects of partial saturation. We find that the frequency scaling proposed by Johnson et al. prevails in partially saturated scenarios. However, the parameters associated with this model need to be redefined to account for saturation-dependent effects.
Term Formation under the Prism of Linguistic Purism: Borrowings in German and Greek
Authors: Koliopoulou Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present study investigates the role of borrowing in specialised language and the connection of this crosslinguistically common phenomenon with the attitude of language purism. German and Greek have been selected for the purpose of this study. The selection of these languages is based on their comparable morphological properties, but also on their different terminological characteristics. The data come mainly from the domain of statistics. However, some examples from a different domain, that of computer science, are also discussed. The different terminological profiles of the selected languages are found to coincide with the specific characteristics of the two domains. These characteristics are also linked to their attitudes towards foreign words and especially borrowing. In this respect, this paper investigates borrowed words from a morphological and a sociolinguistic point of view.
Determinants of the Economic Adaptation of Refugees: The Case of Midyat Camp
Authors: Abedtalas Musallam , Toprak Lokman , Aloklah Wissam Aldien , Alawak Abdulhamid , Aljasem Abdulnaser , Aykol Şehmus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the context of the bottom-up approach to development and poverty reduction, this is the first study to use the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), with a slight adjustment, to study the economic adaptation of refugees within camps. The objective of this study was to explore the factors affecting the economic adaptation of refugees in Midyat Refugee Camp in Turkey. The study used a focus group to help design the questionnaire that was subsequently used to collect data from a sample of 393 households in Midyat Camp. The data was used to estimate a Structural Equations Model. The findings indicated that the most important factors in determining refugees' economic adaptation are human capital, social capital and institutions.
Discussing the Populist Features of Anti-refugee Discourses on Social Media: An Anti-Syrian Hashtag in Turkish Twitter
Authors: Özerim Mehmet Gökay , Tolay Juliette 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article discusses whether it is possible to frame anti-refugee discourse on social media as a form of populism by analysing the case study of the hashtag #ülkemdesuriyeliistemiyorum (#IdontwantSyriansinmycountry), which emerged on Twitter in Turkey in 2016. Both network analysis and discourse analysis are used in order to delineate the characteristics of the tropes associated with the hashtag, to identify the existence of populist elements, as well as to scrutinize the linkage of the hashtag with the broader political context. The study shows that some elements of a populist discourse clearly exist (simple and popular discourse, anti-foreigner), while some others are missing (the existence of a leader). Most importantly, the discussion of the other elements (dichotomous views, othering and anti-elite) highlight the need to better conceptualize and contextualize these features to understand the connection between anti-elite (populism) and anti-foreigner discourses (nativism), the impact of tagged tropes such as a hashtag that can poke holes in echo chambers and the distinction between the concepts of anti-elitism and anti-establishment (especially in specific political contexts such as Turkey).
Cloud fragmentation cascades and feedback: on reconciling an unfettered inertial range with a low star formation rate
Authors: Blackman Eric G 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Molecular cloud complexes exhibit both (i) an unfettered Larson-type spectrum over much of their dynamic range, whilst (ii) still producing a much lower star formation rate than were this cascade to remain unfettered all the way down to star-forming scales. Here we explain the compatibility of these attributes with minimalist considerations of a mass-conserving fragmentation cascade, combined with estimates of stellar feedback. Of importance is that the amount of feedback needed to abate fragmentation and truncate the complex decreases with decreasing scale. The scale at which the feedback momentum matches the free-fall momentum marks a transition scale below most of the cascade is truncated and the molecular cloud complex dissipated. For a 106 M⊙ giant molecular cloud (GMC) complex starting with radius of ∼50 pc, the combined feedback from young stellar objects, supernovae, radiation, and stellar winds for a GMC cloud complex can truncate the cascade within an outer free-fall time but only after the cascade reaches parsec scales.
Parry–Romberg syndrome in an adolescent: a case report on progressive hemifacial atrophy
Authors: Srinivasan Ranjini , Joy Shasta Theresa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParry–Romberg syndrome is a rare degenerative disorder causing progressive atrophy of skin and soft tissues of the face and neck, which is usually unilateral. The mean age of onset is usually in the second decade of life and the disease causes functional, aesthetic and psychological disabilities in the affected individual. We present a 14-year-old boy with this disorder. The diagnosis was based on clinical characteristics. A multidisciplinary team approach involving rheumatologists, dermatologists, maxillofacial surgeons, dentists and psychologists is required for the management of this problem, which is mainly targeted at controlling active inflammation with the use of immunosuppressive agents in addition to possible surgical correction of repositioning of adipose tissue that is lost due to atrophy.
Effects of symmetry energy on the radius and tidal deformability of neutron stars in the relativistic mean-field model
Authors: Hu Jinniu , Bao Shishao , Zhang Ying , Nakazato Ken’ichiro , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Shen Hong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The radii and tidal deformabilities of neutron stars are investigated in the framework of the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model with different density-dependent behaviors of symmetry energy. To study the effects of symmetry energy on the properties of neutron stars, $\omega$ meson and $\rho$ meson coupling terms are included in a popular RMF Lagrangian, i.e., the TM1 parameter set, which is adopted for the widely used supernova equation of state (EoS) table. The coupling constants relevant to the vector–isovector meson, $\rho$, are refitted by a fixed symmetry energy at subsaturation density and its slope at saturation density, while other coupling constants remain the same as the original ones in TM1 so as to update the supernova EoS table. The radius and mass of maximum neutron stars are not so sensitive to the symmetry energy in these family TM1 parameterizations. However, the radii in the intermediate-mass region are strongly correlated with the slope of symmetry energy. Furthermore, the dimensionless tidal deformabilities of neutron stars are also calculated within the associated Love number, which is related to the quadrupole deformation of the star in a static external tidal field and can be extracted from the observation of a gravitational wave generated by a binary star merger. We find that its value at $1.4 \mathrm{M}_\odot$ has a linear correlation to the slope of symmetry energy, unlike that previously studied. With the latest constraints of tidal deformabilities from the GW170817 event, the slope of symmetry energy at nuclear saturation density should be smaller than $60$ MeV in the family TM1 parameterizations. This fact supports the usage of a lower symmetry energy slope for the updated supernova EoS, which is applicable to simulations of neutron star mergers. Furthermore, an analogous analysis is also done within the family IUFSU parameter sets. It is found that the correlations between the symmetry energy slope with the radius and tidal deformability at $1.4 \mathrm{M}_\odot$ have very similar linear relations in these RMF models.
Long-Run Effects of Lottery Wealth on Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Lindqvist Erik , Östling Robert , Cesarini David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We surveyed a large sample of Swedish lottery players about their psychological well-being 5–22 years after a major lottery event and analysed the data following pre-registered procedures. Relative to matched controls, large-prize winners experience sustained increases in overall life satisfaction that persist for over a decade and show no evidence of dissipating over time. The estimated treatment effects on happiness and mental health are significantly smaller. Follow-up analyses of domain-specific aspects of life satisfaction implicate financial life satisfaction as an important mediator for the long-run increase in overall life satisfaction.
Adaptations and patient responses to behavioral intervention components in a depression-focused chronic disease care model implemented in India
Authors: Johnson Leslie C M , Chwastiak Lydia , Poongothai Subramani , Tandon Nikhil , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Aravind Sosale , Sridhar Gumpeny Ramachandra , Rao Deepa , Mohan Viswanathan , Ali Mohammed K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Integrated care models offer one approach to treat patients with chronic multimorbidity. However, because these models consist of multiple components designed to provide individualized care, they should be adapted to best meet the needs of patients in diverse settings. This paper presents qualitative and quantitative data from a realist process evaluation embedded in the INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT (INDEPENDENT) study to uncover what worked, for whom, how, and in what circumstances. We aimed to examine adaptations made to a care coordinator-led behavioral intervention, and how patients responded to adaptations, through a secondary analysis of these data. A purposive sample of 62 patients and 3 care coordinators were recruited based on their involvement with the INDEPENDENT care model across two clinics. Patients were interviewed and surveyed about their experiences in the care model and care coordinators were interviewed about their experiences implementing intervention components. Interview data were coded for reported modifications in intervention content, tools, and delivery; then, these adaptations were categorized by how they served to enhance implementation in the Indian context. Adaptations made in the delivery of this care model served two functions: (a) to improve health promotion communication between care coordinators and patients and (b) to improve patient engagement. Patients’ expressed needs were consistent with what care coordinators perceived. Patients were satisfied with adaptations designed to improve intervention fit for local contexts. Study findings demonstrate that adapting components of an integrated care model can enhance patient satisfaction and engagement with behavioral interventions.
Solution-based science to prevent and control diabetes in underserved communities around the world (commentary, for Diabetes special section)
Authors: King Abby C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Despite the numerous successful behavioral interventions that have been published in the behavioral medicine field over a number of decades, surprisingly few have been translated and adapted for real-world settings using participatory research methods. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the advances in participatory behavioral medicine reflected in the articles contained in the Diabetes special section. The articles contained in the Diabetes special section were reviewed, with a focus on the advances made with this type of research and the challenges that came to light. Numerous strengths of the large-scale translational studies were identified. The studies also highlighted important areas meriting further attention, including exploration of additional dissemination pathways, and further piloting and refinement of program components for different population segments. The articles in this special section represent major advances in implementing successful, impactful programs for diabetes prevention and control in low- and middle-income countries.
Impact of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness by Enhanced-depth Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Druckenbrod Rachel C. , Asefzadeh Baharak , Bertolet Anne 
Published: February 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Risk stratification plays a large role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) management. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) allows for noninvasive analysis of the ophthalmic vasculature, with potential for systemic disease surveillance. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) may serve as a marker for CVD risk and play a role in risk stratification.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to explore the association of major CVD risk factors on SFCT measured from SD-OCT images in a general population of U.S. veterans.

METHODS
One hundred fifty veterans were prospectively recruited at the Jamaica Plain VA Hospital (Boston, MA). A total of 143 participants were included in the final analysis. The SFCT was manually measured from Spectralis SD-OCT macular scans, and medical chart review was analyzed for CVD data. The SFCT measurements were correlated with CVD risk factors and CVD clinical makers while controlling for age and refractive error. Mean differences in SFCT between those with and without CVD risk factors were analyzed.

RESULTS
In multivariate analysis, diabetes diagnosis was independently associated with thinner subfoveal choroid (P = .001) and hypertension and hyperlipidemia with thicker subfoveal choroid (P = .006 and P = .05). After adjusting for age and refractive error, veterans with diabetes had thinner choroids than those without (P = .02), and veterans with hypertension and hyperlipidemia had thicker choroids than those without, although these differences did not reach statistical significance (P = .07 and P = .1).

CONCLUSIONS
Comorbid risk factors for CVD are independently associated with optical coherence tomography–derived measurements of subfoveal choroidal thickness in a vasculopathic population of U.S. veterans, and there are detectable differences in subfoveal choroidal thickness between groups with and without CVD risk factors. Larger studies with adequate controls and longitudinal design are necessary to assess the clinical role of SFCT measurements in CVD risk analysis.
Case Report: Evaluating Intraocular Foreign Bodies After Corneal Perforation Using Swept Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Rahhal-Ortuño Miriam , Monferrer-Adsuara Clara , Fernández-Santodomingo Alex Samir , Martínez-Rubio Clara , Carpintero-Sanchez Jesús María , Vila-Arteaga Jorge 
Published: February 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) is reported, exploring its advantages over other examination techniques.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to report a case in which anterior segment OCT was used to evaluate the presence of intraocular bodies after corneal perforation.

CASE REPORT
A 33-year-old man was referred to our ophthalmology department after traumatic ocular injury. Swept-source anterior segment was carried out showing corneal perforation and anterior lens capsule rupture.

CONCLUSIONS
Evaluating the integrity of posterior capsule and iris after traumatic ocular injury with corneal perforation using anterior segment OCT is a valuable tool to rule out the presence of intraocular foreign bodies without contact and without using radiating imaging techniques.
Blood Levels of NLRP3 Inflammasome Components is Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Tetik Melike , Direk Nese , Onder Betul , Aykac Cansu , Ekinci Burcu , Yaras Tutku , Kuruoglu Aykut , Ermis Cagatay , Alkin Tunc , Oktay Yavuz 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundInflammation has a well-known role in the pathogenesis of a range of neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Previous studies provided evidence regarding its possible involvement in the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, mechanisms explaining the association of inflammation with OCD are lacking. The NLRP3 inflammasome complex initiates and mediates inflammatory response, which explain one of the most important key mechanisms behind inflammatory response. In this study, we aimed to determine a possible association between NLRP3 inflammasome and OCD, and to evaluate its relationship with clinical features.MethodsThis case-control study included 103 participants (51 OCD and 52 healthy controls). OCD patients were diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. All participants were evaluated by psychiatric inventories, i.e. Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, and Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from fresh blood samples. RNA and protein were extracted from PBMCs and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. Serum IL-1beta and IL-18 cytokine levels were determined by ELISA.ResultsNEK7 and CASP1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in OCD patients, compared to controls. Pro-Caspase-1 protein levels were elevated, as well. Regression analysis showed that NEK7 mRNA and Caspase-1 protein levels can differentiate OCD and healthy control groups.Discussionpro-Caspase-1 mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs, as well as NEK7 mRNA levels are potential biomarker candidates in OCD. Our results may prompt research into possible role of NLRP3 inflammasome in OCD etiology.
Measuring Nestedness: A comparative study of the performance of different metrics
Authors: Payrató-Borràs Clàudia , Hernández Laura , Moreno Yamir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNestedness is a property of interaction networks widely observed in natural mutualistic communities, like plant-pollinators or plant-seed dispersers, among other systems. A perfectly nested network is characterized by the peculiarity that the interactions of any node form a subset of the interactions of all nodes with higher degree. Despite a widespread interest on this pattern, no general consensus exists on how to measure it. Instead, several metrics aiming at quantifying nestedness, based on different but not necessarily independent properties of the networks, coexist in the literature blurring the comparison between ecosystems.In this work we present a detailed critical study of the behavior of six popular nestedness metrics and the variants of two of them. In order to evaluate their performance, we compare the obtained values of the nestedness of a large set of real networks among them and against a maximum entropy and maximum likelihood null model. We also analyze the dependencies of each metrics on different network parameters as size, fill and eccentricity.Our results point out, first, that the metrics do not rank the degree of nestedness of networks universally. Furthermore, several metrics show significant undesired dependencies on the network properties considered. The study of these dependencies allows us to understand some of the systematic shifts between the real values of nestedness and the average over the null model.This paper intends to provide readers with a critical guide on how to measure nestedness patterns, by explaining the functioning of six standard metrics and two of its variants, and then disclosing its qualities and flaws. By doing so, we also aim to extend the application of the recently proposed null models based on maximum entropy to the still largely unexplored area of ecological networks.Finally, to complement the guide, we provide a fully-documented repository namednullnestwhich gathers the codes to produce the null model and calculate the nestedness index -both the real value and the null expectation-using the studied metrics. The repository contains, moreover, the main results of the null model applied to a large dataset of more than 200 bipartite networks.