bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic patients and asymptomatic phases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a population-based surveillance study
Authors: Zheng Xueying , Luo Sihui , Sun Yong , Han Mingfeng , Liu Jian , Sun Liangye , Zhang Liangming , Ling Ping , Ding Yu , Jin Tengchuan , Liu Zhirong , Weng Jianping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this population-based study, we identified 307 confirmed COVID-19 cases from massive surveillance, including 129 551 individuals screened at fever clinics or returning from Hubei and 3710 close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 patients. Among them, 17 patients were asymptomatic at initial clinical assessment. These asymptomatic patients on admission accounted for a small proportion of all patients (5.54%) with relatively weak transmissibility, and the detection rate was 0.35 per 100 close contacts. Moreover, the dynamics of symptoms of the 307 patients showed that the interval from symptom remission to the final negativity of viral nucleic acid was 5.0 days (interquartile range 2.0 to 11.0 days), with 14 patients (4.56%) having re-detectable viral RNA after discharge. Overall, our findings suggested asymptomatic carriers and presymptomatic patients only accounted for a small proportion of COVID-19 patients. Also, the asymptomatic phase during recovery from COVID-19 implied that negativity in viral RNA is necessary as a de-isolation criterion and follow-up is recommended.
Numerical simulation of solar photospheric jet-like phenomena caused by magnetic reconnection
Authors: Kotani Yuji , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Jet phenomena with a bright loop in their footpoint, called anemone jets, have been observed in the solar corona and chromosphere. These jets are formed as a consequence of magnetic reconnection, and from the scale universality of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), it can be expected that anemone jets exist even in the solar photosphere. However, it is not necessarily apparent that jets can be generated as a result of magnetic reconnection in the photosphere, where the magnetic energy is not dominant. Furthermore, MHD waves generated from photospheric jets could contribute to chromospheric heating and spicule formation; however, this hypothesis has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we perform three-dimensional MHD simulation including gravity with the solar photospheric parameter to investigate anemone jets in the solar photosphere. In the simulation, jet-like structures were induced by magnetic reconnection in the solar photosphere. We determined that these jet-like structures were caused by slow shocks formed by the reconnection and were propagated approximately in the direction of the background magnetic field. We also suggested that MHD waves from the jet-like structures could influence local atmospheric heating and spicule formation.
Effect of Surgery for Stress Incontinence on Female Sexual Function
Authors: Glass Clark Stephanie M. , Huang Qi , Sima Adam P. , Siff Lauren N. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2020;135:352–360)
A common problem in adult women is stress urinary incontinence (SUI), which affects about 1 in 3 women at some point in their lives. There is a direct relationship between female sexual dysfunction and severity of SUI.
Investigating the Association Between Post–Term Birth and Long Term Cognitive, Developmental and Educational Impacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Williams Alessandra Glover , Odd David 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020;33:1253–1265)
The impact of preterm birth on infant risk has been well established. However, the majority of the research on postterm birth, defined as 42 weeks and 0 days' gestational age and greater, has been focused on its association with immediate, short-term outcomes such as infection, stillbirth, and complications surrounding delivery.
Adding value in single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) for cerebral palsy patients with crouch gait: A retrospective study showing value added by a second surgeon
Authors: Baldwin Keith , Stevenson Kimberly L. , Spiegel David A. , Talwar Divya , Shah Apurva 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Single event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) is a common treatment for ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have bony and soft-tissue abnormalities at multiple levels within the lower extremities. We introduced a second surgical team to enable simultaneous bilateral procedures and assessed the cost savings resulting from simultaneous bilateral SEMLS versus staged bilateral SEMLS.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients with spastic diplegia treated by simultaneous or staged bilateral SEMLS from January 1, 2010, to December 1, 2015. We evaluated procedures performed, surgical duration, estimated blood loss (EBL) and blood transfusions, length of inpatient and rehabilitation admission, complications, and associated costs (normalized to 2015 dollars).

Results:
Eighteen eligible patients were identified with no significant differences in age, gender, or total number of procedures. Introduction of simultaneous bilateral SEMLS reduced costs by an average of $161,267. In this group, total length of stay was less for inpatient and rehabilitation stay. EBL was similar between the two groups: 683 mL versus 532 mL (P value 0.24). Thirty-six percent of the patients in the simultaneous group required a transfusion versus 0% in the staged group. Complications (n=3) in the staged group included infection, failure of fixation, and additional procedure for femoral derotation. Complications (n=2) in the simultaneous group included failure of fixation and readmission for symptomatic anemia.

Conclusions:
While some may favor staging interventions, simultaneous bilateral SEMLS with two surgical teams is a safe and effective alternative to help improve ambulatory function in CP patients associated with significant cost savings. The risk of allogenic blood transfusion may be increased with simultaneous bilateral SEMLS.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Surgical and Nonoperative Management of Olecranon Fractures in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Michael J. , Campbell Sean T. , Finlay Andrea K. , Duckworth Andrew D. , Bishop Julius A. , Gardner Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this comparative effectiveness study was to perform a meta-analysis of adverse events and outcomes in closed geriatric olecranon fractures, without elbow instability, after treatment with surgical or nonoperative management.

Data Sources:
PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases.

Study Selection:
Articles were included if they contained clinical data evaluating outcomes in patients ≥65 years of age with closed olecranon fractures, without elbow instability, treated surgically, or with nonoperative management.

Data Extraction:
Data regarding patient age, olecranon fracture type, fracture union, adverse events, reoperation, elbow range of motion, and surgeon and patient reported outcome measures were recorded according to intervention. The interventions included for analysis were tension band wire fixation, plate fixation, or nonoperative management.

Data Synthesis:
Separate random effects meta-analyses were conducted for each outcome according to intervention. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for dichotomous variables, whereas weighted means and confidence intervals were calculated for continuous variables.

Conclusions:
Comparable outcomes were achieved with surgical or nonoperative management of olecranon fractures in geriatric patients. Surgical intervention carried a high risk of reoperation regardless of whether plate or tension band wire fixation was used. Functional nonunion can be anticipated if nonoperative treatment is elected in low-demand elderly patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Alzheimer Gene BIN1 may Simultaneously Influence Dementia Risk and Androgen Deprivation Therapy Dosage in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter H. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is extensively used in prostate cancer. Yet the risk of impaired cognition or Alzheimer disease (AD) in men with prostate cancer receiving ADT is uncertain. Some studies of prostate cancer and ADT suggest that the risk of AD is not increased. But other studies have found an increased risk of AD and cognitive impairment.

Objectives:
As the uncertainty about ADT and dementia might relate to the genetics of prostate cancer and AD, the authors used the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to examine the relationship in men with prostate cancer between genes implicated in AD and genes implicated in prostate cancer.

Methods:
The authors examined the genomics of 492 prostate cancer cases in the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) TCGA Prostate Cancer (PRAD) data set. To access and analyze the data, 2 web-based interfaces were used: (1) the UCSC Xena browser, a web-based visual integration and exploration tool for TCGA data, including clinical and phenotypic annotations; and (2) cBioportal, a web-based interface that enables integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles.

Results:
Co-occurrence analysis indicates that alterations in the prostate cancer gene Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) significantly co-occur with alterations in the AD gene BIN1 (P<0.001). The presence of somatic mutations (deleterious and missense/in frame) in SPOP deranges BIN1 gene expression. SPOP/BIN1 RNA gene expression in 492 prostate cancer specimens is significantly correlated (P<0.001). Increased expression of SPOP in 492 prostate cancers is associated with reduced survival (P=0.00275). Men receiving pharmacologic therapy had a tumor with a significantly higher Gleason score (P=0.023). Gleason score and BIN1 RNA gene expression, unit log2 (fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads upper quartile [FPKM-UQ]+1), in 499 prostate cancer specimens were significantly inversely correlated (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

BIN1 forms part of a network that interacts with the MYC oncogene, activated at the earliest phases of prostate cancer and in its position on chr8q24 linked to disease aggressiveness. Dynamic regulation of the BIN1-Tau interaction is involved in AD. BIN1 loss in AD allows phosphorylated tau to be mis-sorted to synapses, which likely alters the integrity of the postsynapse, alongside reducing the functionally important release of physiological forms of tau. Alzheimer symptoms are usually preceded by a preclinical phase that may be 16 years long. The authors suggest that the ADT dosage reflects the severity of a process that is already underway. The severity is determined by the genetics of the tumor itself, at least in part by BIN1. ADT is not causing new cases of AD. The oncologist treats higher-grade prostate cancer with more ADT, which serves as a surrogate marker for disease severity. Our analysis of TCGA data does not support the idea that ADT causes AD or dementia.
Rosai–Dorfman Disease–Like Reaction to Tattoo
Authors: Naqvi Jaree , Cassarino David S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
A 47-year-old white man presented with a 14-month history of an asymptomatic 2-cm, slow-growing nodular lesion on his left shin that arose in the background of a black tattoo. An excisional biopsy followed by histological examination revealed a prominent lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, with many large, foamy histiocytic cells containing intact inflammatory cells within their cytoplasm, findings consistent with emperipolesis, a feature typical of Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD). By immunohistochemistry, S-100 (a marker that is positive in almost all cases of RDD) was negative, arguing against the diagnosis of RDD. In addition, prominent black tattoo pigment was seen in many areas, expanding the differential diagnosis to include an unusual reactive lymphohistiocytic response to the tattoo mimicking RDD. Histologically, RDD shows many plasma cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and histiocytes with abundant foamy cytoplasm that contains intact lymphocytes and other cells, a phenomenon described as emperipolesis. A wide variety of cutaneous reactions to tattoos have been described, including tenderness, burning pain, inflammation, and pruritus. However, histologic features suggestive of RDD as a reaction to tattoo pigment have not been previously described and should therefore also be considered as a potential rare reaction pattern to tattoos.
Metastatic Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Patient With Muir–Torre Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Metastatic Sebaceous Carcinoma: Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cattelan Leila , Abi-Rafeh Jad , Brimo Fadi , Kazan Roy , Redpath Margaret , Chergui May 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by the presence of at least one cutaneous sebaceous tumor and one visceral malignancy, arising mostly from the gastrointestinal tract. We present the case of a 63-year-old man with several cutaneous and visceral neoplasias in the context of MTS, and a pelvic lymph node lesion diagnosed initially as metastatic sebaceous carcinoma, but later identified as metastasis from a newly diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma. Histological similarities between these 2 lesions are discussed. A systematic literature review was conducted evaluating all published cases of patients with MTS in which metastases were reported. Eighteen articles were included in the final synthesis, representing 20 patients with a total of 26 metastases. Seventeen patients (85%) exhibited metastases originating from MTS-related neoplasms, whereas only 2 patients (11%) exhibited metastases from concomitant malignancies. Of the 85% of patients with metastases from MTS-related malignancies, most originated from noncutaneous sources (78% from visceral neoplasms and 22% from sebaceous carcinomas). When stratifying according to metastases, 23 cases (88%) originated from MTS-related lesions, whereas only 3 (12%) originated from unrelated malignancies. Our findings thus demonstrate that most metastases found in MTS patients (88%) do indeed originate from MTS-related neoplasms. Nevertheless, it remains imperative that a broad differential diagnosis is maintained when assessing a novel lesion, to avoid misdiagnoses, as in the present case, with significant therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Apocrine Chromhidrosis
Authors: Shah Aadarsh , Tsianou Zoi , Suchak Ravi , Mann Jack 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Apocrine chromhidrosis is a rare diagnosis that occurs due to colored sweat being secreted from the apocrine glands, which are located in the axillae, anogenital skin, and areolae and over the skin of the trunk, face, and scalp. We present the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with a sudden onset of pink sweating affecting mainly her axillae but also her pelvis, causing staining of clothing and bed sheets. There was nil to note on examination and histology with immunostaining demonstrated focally prominent yellow-brown lipofuscin granules in the cytoplasm of the apocrine secretory cells confirming the diagnosis. The disease can have a significant psychosocial impact, and treatment remains challenging. Our case is unique because the red and pink coloring of sweat is less common in cases of apocrine chromhidrosis, which is often in favor of darker colored sweat, and the distribution involved the inguinal canal, which is also less often seen.
Effects of Dual Purinoceptor-dependent Approach on Release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor From Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell (HMEC-1) and Endothelial Cell Condition
Authors: Gdula Anna M. , Swiatkowska Maria 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
In the recent years, the awareness of the role purinergic signaling plays as a therapeutic target has increased considerably. The purinoceptor allows the action of extracellular nucleotides (P2 receptors) and intermediary products of their metabolism, such as adenosine (P1 receptors), regulating pivotal processes occurring in the cardiovascular system. This study focuses on a dual purinoreceptor-dependent approach, based on the activation of adenosine P1 receptors with the simultaneous inhibition of P2Y12 receptors that can be used as novel platelet inhibitors in antithrombotic therapy. Endothelial cells are directly exposed to the drugs circulating in the bloodstream. That is why effects of our concept on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were examined in in vitro studies, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and scratch assays. In response to adenosine receptor agonists, levels of secreted vascular endothelial growth factor varied. Two of them, 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine and MRE0094 remarkably increased vascular endothelial growth factor release. The elevated levels were reduced when used together with the P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Also, rates of wound closure in a scratch assay were significantly reduced in these cases. The results suggest that the proposed treatment does not impair endothelial cell condition. In addition, it is suggested as a collateral benefit, namely solving the problem of excessive activation of endothelial cells during antiplatelet therapy.
BILATERAL EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE FORMATION AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS OF AUTOLOGOUS MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
Authors: Kasetty Megan A. , Hedges Thomas R. , Witkin Andre J. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
The authors describe a case of new bilateral epiretinal membranes and vitreous cells after intravitreal and sub-Tenon's injections of bone marrow–derived stem cells.

Methods:
A case report of a 43-year-old man with OPA-1 autosomal dominant optic atrophy who self-enrolled in a stem cell therapy clinical trial and received simultaneous bilateral intravitreal and sub-Tenon's injections of bone marrow–derived stem cells.

Results:
Within one month of receiving the injections, the patient developed epiretinal membranes and vitreous cells in both eyes, seen with optical coherence tomography.

Conclusion:
Stem cell therapy has been gaining popularity as a potential intervention for progressive retinal and optic nerve diseases; however, the mechanism of action of bone marrow–derived stem cells is still not well understood and may result in unintended cell differentiation.
Keratitis Caused by Candida parapsilosis and Subsequent Corynebacterium macginleyi Infection: Case Report and Short Review
Authors: Fejes Imre , Garcia-Hermosa Pedro , Bodin Anne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Keratitis due to Candida parapsilosis or Corynebacterium macginleyi is uncommon. We present a patient with several risk factors who suffered two subsequent corneal infections caused by these pathogens and healed with topical conservative therapy. The important factor was the early detection of infection. Fluconazole solution administered topically as eye drops combined with regular debridement proved in this case a successful alternative to systemic antifungal treatment. With a perceived recurrence of the keratitis, one must take into account the involvement of other pathogens present. The previous use of an antifungal solution other than a conventional eye drop could be an additional risk factor for a second bacterial infection, but the benefits should still rule in favor of such a treatment.
Adherence of Health Care Workers to Personal Protective Equipment During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Alabbood Majid 
Published: June 2020

Background
An outbreak of a novel corona viral pneumonia started in China late 2019. World Health organization on March 11 declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. In China, an estimated 3000 health care workers (HCWs) have been infected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released recommendations for the use of personal protective equipment when treating patients with COVID-19 to minimize the risk of acquiring infection among HCWs. This study aimed to assess adherence of HCWs in Iraq to personal protective equipment during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This was an online survey of a group of Iraqi doctors regarding their adherence to personal protective equipment.

Results
Most of the surveyed physicians (120) adequately follow the recommendations regarding their personal hygiene, use of masks/respirators, and wearing equipment while providing care for suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19. However, 11% and 16% do not follow the recommendations while caring for COVID-19 cases and performing aerosol-generating procedures, respectively. Majority of the respondents admit the importance of these measures in lowering the risk of infection. Approximately, two third of the participants started the measures at the beginning or the middle of the outbreak.

Conclusions
Most of Iraqi heath care workers involved in the survey follow the recommendations regarding personal protective equipment.
Tocilizumab Utilization for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Gavioli Elizabeth M. , Sikorska Gabriela , Man Ammy , Rana Jay , Cusumano Jaclyn A. 
Published: June 2020

Background
The deterioration of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been hypothesized to be due to cytokine release syndrome including interleukin-6 (IL-6). Tocilizumab (TCZ) is an IL-6 inhibitor that may be a potential therapy for COVID-19.

Methods
Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and treated with TCZ between March 1, 2020, and March 26, 2020, at an academic medical center in New York City were described. Patients were categorized as severe illness or critical illness based on previously described definitions. Outcomes assessed included respiratory status improvement, laboratory values, discharge, or death.

Results
A total of 12 patients were included in this case series. Ten patients were classified as critical and 2 as severe. Eight (n = 6 critical and n = 2 severe) patients had improvements in respiratory symptoms after receiving TCZ and were discharged, but 4 patients expired despite receiving therapy. All patients had an elevation in IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels before TCZ treatment. After TCZ treatment, there was a significant decrease in C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.002) and an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.18) and alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.006) levels. Patients who received TCZ treatment later in their hospitalization course had a poor outcome.

Conclusions
Tocilizumab may play a role in treating patients with COVID-19 with elevated IL-6 levels, who are classified as severely ill and treated early in their disease course. The risks of adverse events and economic burdens should also be evaluated.