bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic characterization of extracellular vesicles produced by several wine yeast species
Authors: Mencher Ana , Morales Pilar , Valero Eva , Tronchoni Jordi , Patil Kiran Raosaheb , Gonzalez Ramon 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn winemaking, the use of alternative yeast starters is becoming increasingly popular. They contribute to the diversity and complexity of wine sensory features and are typically used in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to ensure complete fermentation. This practice has drawn the interest on interactions between different oenological yeasts, which are also relevant in spontaneous and conventional fermentations, or in the vineyard. Although several interactions have been described and some mechanisms have been suggested, the possible involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has not yet been considered. This work describes the production of EVs by six wine yeast species (S. cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Candida sake and Metschnikowia pulcherrima) in synthetic grape must. Proteomic analysis of EV‐enriched fractions from S. cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii showed enrichment in glycolytic enzymes and cell‐wall‐related proteins. The most abundant protein found in S. cerevisiae, T. delbrueckii and L. thermotolerans EV‐enriched fractions was the enzyme exo‐1,3‐β‐glucanase. However, this protein was not involved in the here‐observed negative impact of T. delbrueckii extracellular fractions on the growth of other yeast species. These findings suggest that EVs may play a role in fungal interactions during wine fermentation and other aspects of wine yeast biology.
Hassling: How States Prevent a Preventive War
Authors: Schram Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLow‐level military operations outside of war are pervasive in the international system. These activities have been viewed as destabilizing by both academics and policy makers, as miscalculations or missteps in conducting low‐level operations can risk escalation to war. I show the opposite can be true: these operations can prevent escalation to a greater war. I examine a type of low‐level conflict that I call “hassling” in the common framework of bargaining and war. The critical feature of hassling is that it weakens a targeted state. I find that when a rising power rules out peaceful bargains, hassling the rising power can prevent a preventive war, with efficiency gains for the involved states. This intuition is formalized in a dynamic model of conflict and is explored through examinations of Israel's Operation Outside the Box (2007), the United States' involvement in Iraq (1991–2003), and Russia's operations in Ukraine (beginning in 2014).
Impaired airway epithelial cell wound‐healing capacity is associated with airway remodelling following RSV infection in severe preschool wheeze
Authors: Andersson Cecilia K. , Iwasaki Jua , Cook James , Robinson Polly , Nagakumar Prasad , Mogren Sofia , Fleming Louise , Bush Andrew , Saglani Sejal , Lloyd Clare M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes exacerbations of asthma and preschool wheeze (PSW). However, the anti‐viral and repair responses of the bronchial epithelium in children with severe therapy‐resistant asthma (STRA) and PSW are poorly understood.MethodsChildren with STRA (age 12 [6‐16] years), PSW (age 2 [1‐5] years) and non‐asthmatic controls (age 7 [2‐14] years) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial brushings and biopsies. Anti‐viral, wound injury responses were quantified in biopsies and primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) in response to RSV, poly(I:C), house dust mite (HDM) or IL‐33 using RT‐qPCR, Luminex and live cell imaging. Collagen deposition and tissue expression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), IL‐33 and receptor ST2 were investigated in bronchial biopsies.ResultsPBECs from STRA and PSW had increased TLR3 gene expression and increased secretion of anti‐viral and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐6 and IL‐13) in response to RSV compared to controls. Exposure of PBECs to concomitant TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and HDM resulted in a significant reduction in epithelial cell proliferation in PSW compared to controls. Wound‐healing was also impaired in PSW compared to controls at baseline and following IL‐33 stimulation. In addition, tissue EGFR expression was significantly reduced in PSW and correlated with collagen deposition in endobronchial biopsies.ConclusionsDespite increased anti‐viral responses, preschool children with severe wheeze had impaired airway epithelial proliferative responses following damage. This might be connected to the low expression of EGFR in PSW which may affect epithelial function and contribute to asthma pathogenesis.
Characteristics of penile growth in pubertal rats and a non‐invasive method to lengthen the penis
Authors: Li Tao , Fu Fudong , Wu Changjing , Qin Feng , Yuan Jiuhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMales with short penises may suffer from sexual dysfunction and psychological problems. However, currently, managing short penis is a huge challenge.ObjectivesTo explore whether inhibition of lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity (anti‐LOX) combined with a vacuum device could lengthen the penis of pubertal rat.Materials and MethodsMale rats of different ages were purchased, their exposed penile lengths and weights were measured, and protein expression and lysyl oxidase activity in the corpus cavernosum were analyzed. Fifteen‐day‐old rats were then purchased and divided into six groups: control, Anti‐lysyl oxidase, −200 mm Hg (vacuum device under −200 mm Hg value), −200 mm Hg + Anti‐lysyl oxidase, −300 mm Hg, and −300 mm Hg + Anti‐lysyl oxidase groups. After the intervention duration of 7 weeks, rats' penile length was measured and erectile function was assessed. The corpus cavernosum was harvested for histopathology and molecular assessments.ResultsExposed penile length and weight significantly increased with age, especially between 4 and 8 weeks. Both the protein expression and lysyl oxidase activity in corpus cavernosum were the highest at 2 weeks; however, they quickly decreased with age and slowly declined after 8 weeks. Anti‐lysyl oxidase significantly increased the penile length by 10.79% over controlled rats, −200 mm Hg + Anti‐lysyl oxidase lengthened it by 14.05%, and −300 mm Hg + Anti‐lysyl oxidase increased it by 19.84%. Anti‐lysyl oxidase significantly reduced lysyl oxidase activity to decrease pyridinoline concentration; however, it did not change desmosine (P = .28), hydroxyproline (P = .14), and total elastin (P = .06) levels. Anti‐lysyl oxidase with or without a vacuum device did not diminish erectile function or impair the normal microstructure of corpus cavernosum.Discussion and ConclusionThe rats' penile growth peaks occurred between 4 and 8 weeks. Anti‐lysyl oxidase with a vacuum device promoted penile lengthening by inhibiting pyridinoline production to induce tunica albuginea remodeling. The penile lengthening effect was more obvious in pubertal rats than the adult rats. None of the procedures decreased erectile function.
Scoping review of head and neck neoplasms presenting with obstructive sleep apnoea: the importance of flexible nasendoscopy
Authors: Moore Phillip , Cardemil Felipe , Hayward Nathan J. , Flatman Samuel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can be caused by neoplasms involving the upper aerodigestive tract. Currently, many of these patients have this diagnosis missed, as most adults diagnosed with OSA do not undergo adequate head and neck examination including flexible nasendoscopy. We performed a review of the literature to shed light on this phenomenon and outline the pathologies and issues surrounding this sub‐population of patients diagnosed with OSA.MethodsA scoping review of the literature was conducted on head and neck neoplasms presenting with OSA. Data were extracted on demographics, clinical presentation, histopathology, treatment and patient outcomes.ResultsSixty‐seven articles were included, describing 79 patients. Mean age was 45.8 years, and 77.2% were male. Symptoms of OSA were present for an average of 29.2 months before a diagnosis of causative neoplasm was made. Forty‐two different benign and malignant histopathological entities were reported. At diagnosis, the causative pathology of 100% of patients was visible on head and neck examination including flexible nasendoscopy, while only 53.2% were visible on trans‐oral examination. One‐third of patients had commenced inappropriate treatment for OSA, including three who had undergone sleep surgical procedures. The majority of patients were treated with surgery alone (72.2%).ConclusionAlthough rare, neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract should be considered as a cause of OSA, especially in patients experiencing other symptoms in addition to the typical symptoms of OSA. They should particularly be considered in patients with comparatively lower body mass index or those with worsening OSA without an apparent cause identified.
Analysis of differential strategies to enhance detection of low‐abundance proteins in the bovine serum proteome
Authors: Schalich Kasey M. , Herren Anthony W. , Selvaraj Vimal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSerum‐based biomarkers hold propitious applications for addressing livestock health, and management. However, discovery of protein biomarkers in complex biological fluids like serum is wholly intractable due to the large dynamic range of protein concentrations; that is, ˜10–12 high abundance proteins constitute >90% of the total protein content and effectively mask proteomic detection of low‐abundance biomarkers. Toward addressing this limitation, we test a continuous elution size‐based fractionation method, and two approaches that use affinity interaction‐based separation of proteins in preparing bovine serum, and compare liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry protein identification to neat serum. Our results identify the high‐abundance proteins in bovine serum, and demonstrate dynamic range compression and improved protein identification with the different enrichment methods. Although these findings indicate the highest protein number identified in bovine serum (445 proteins, all methods combined), and by any single sample processing method (312 proteins) to date, they still remain lower than levels deemed necessary for biomarker discovery. As such, this investigation revealed limitations to resolving the bovine serum proteome, and the need for species‐specific tools for immunodepleting high‐abundance proteins. In concert, this study represents a step toward advancing sample preparation methods for bovine serum biomarker identification.
In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, SLAMF1 deregulation is associated with genomic complexity and independently predicts a worse outcome
Authors: Rigolin Gian Matteo , Saccenti Elena , Melandri Aurora , Cavallari Maurizio , Urso Antonio , Rotondo Francesco , Betulla Anita , Tognolo Lucia , Bardi Maria Antonella , Rossini Marika , Tammiso Elisa , Bassi Christian , Cavazzini Francesco , Negrini Massimo , Cuneo Antonio 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn a series of 349 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), we found lower levels of signalling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1) expression in cases with highly complex karyotypes, as defined by the presence of five or more chromosomal abnormalities (CK5; P < 0·001) and with major chromosomal structural abnormalities (P < 0·001). SLAMF1 downregulation was significantly associated with advanced Binet Stage (P = 0·001), CD38 positivity (P < 0·001), high β2‐microglobulin levels (P < 0·001), immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene (IGHV) unmutated status (P < 0·001), 11q deletion (P < 0·001), tumour protein p53 (TP53) disruption (P = 0·011) and higher risk CLL International Prognostic Index categories (P < 0·001). Multivariate analysis showed that downregulated SLAMF1 levels had independent negative prognostic impact on time‐to‐first treatment (P < 0·001) and overall survival (P < 0·001).
On the neutrality of the exchange rate regime regarding real misalignments: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Owoundi Ferdinand , Bikai Jacques Landry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article provides further insights into the issue of real misalignments’ effects of exchange rate regimes. Our approach aims at comparing real exchange rate misalignments between countries with fixed regimes and those practicing alternative arrangements in sub‐Saharan Africa. To this end, we assess the equilibrium exchange rates based on two models of the equilibrium exchange rate, while using competing estimators and bothDe JureandDe Factoclassifications. Our results confirm the exchange rate regime neutrality regarding exchange rate misalignment, implying that the fixed regime is not prone to more misalignment within the sub‐region.
Oxiapoptophagy: A type of cell death induced by some oxysterols
Authors: Nury Thomas , Zarrouk Amira , Yammine Aline , Mackrill John J. , Vejux Anne , Lizard Gérard 
Published: June 2020

Oxysterols are oxidized forms of cholesterol generated from cholesterol by auto‐oxidation, enzymatic processes, or both. Some of them (7‐ketocholesterol, 7β‐hydroxycholesterol and 24(S)‐hydroxycholesterol), when used at cytotoxic concentrations on different cell types from different species (mesenchymal bone marrow cells, monocytic cells and nerve cells), induce a type of cell death associated with OXIdative stress and several characteristics of APOPTOsis and autoPHAGY, defined as oxiapoptophagy. Oxidative stress is associated with overproduction of ROS, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. Apoptosis is associated with activation of the mitochondrial pathway, opening of the mitochondrial permeability pore, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase‐3 activation, PARP degradation, nuclear condensation and/or fragmentation. Autophagy is characterized by autophagic vacuoles revealed by monodansylcadaverine staining and transmission electron microscopy, plus increased ratio of LC‐3II/LC‐3I. In addition, morphological, topographical and functional changes of the peroxisome are observed.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc
A chalcone derivative, 1m‐6, exhibits atheroprotective effects by increasing cholesterol efflux and reducing inflammation‐induced endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Chen Liv Weichien , Tsai Min‐Chien , Chern Ching‐Yuh , Tsao Tien‐Ping , Lin Feng‐Yen , Chen Sy‐Jou , Tsui Pi‐Fen , Liu Yao‐Wen , Lu Hsien‐Jui , Wu Wan‐Lin , Lin Wei‐Shiang , Tsai Chien‐Sung , Lin Chin‐Sheng 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeAtherosclerosis, resulting from lipid dysregulation and vascular inflammation, causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chalcone and its derivatives possess beneficial properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour activity with unknown cardioprotective effects. We aimed to develop an effective chalcone derivative with antiatherogenic potential.Experimental ApproachHuman THP‐1 cells and HUVECs were used as in vitro models. Western blots and real‐time PCRs were performed to quantify protein, mRNA and miRNA expressions. The cholesterol efflux capacity was assayed by 3H labelling of cholesterol. LDL receptor knockout (Ldlr−/−) mice fed a high‐fat diet were used as an in vivo atherogenesis model. Haematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining were used to analyse plaque formation.Key ResultsUsing ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression we identified the chalcone derivative, 1m‐6, which enhances ABCA1 expression and promotes cholesterol efflux in THP‐1 macrophages. Moreover, 1m‐6 stabilizes ABCA1 mRNA and suppresses the expression of potential ABCA1‐regulating miRNAs through nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signalling. Additionally, 1m‐6 significantly inhibits TNF‐α‐induced expression of adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), plus production of proinflammatory cytokines via inhibition of JAK/STAT3 activation and the modulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling in HUVECs. In atherosclerosis‐prone mice, 1m‐6 significantly reduces lipid accumulation and atherosclerotic plaque formation.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur study demonstrates that 1m‐6 produces promising atheroprotective effects by enhancing cholesterol efflux and suppressing inflammation‐induced endothelial dysfunction, which opens a new avenue for treating ASCVD.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
The suppressive effect on CD4 T cell alloresponse against endothelial HLA-DR via PD-L1 induced by anti-A/B ligation
Authors: Iwasaki K , Hamana H , Kishi H , Yamamoto T , Hiramitsu T , Okad M , Tomosugi T , Takeda A , Narumi S , Watarai Y , Miwa Y , Okumura M , Matsuoka Y , Horimi K , Muraguchi A , Kobayashi T 
Published: June 2020

Summary
While donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies are a frequent cause for chronic antibody-mediated rejection in organ transplantation, this is not the case for antibodies targeting blood group antigens, as ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) organ transplantation has been associated with a favorable graft outcome. Here, we explored the role of CD4 T cell-mediated alloresponses against endothelial HLA-D-related (DR) in the presence of anti-HLA class I or anti-A/B antibodies. CD4 T cells, notably CD45RA-memory CD4 T cells, undergo extensive proliferation in response to endothelial HLA-DR. The CD4 T cell proliferative response was enhanced in the presence of anti-HLA class I, but attenuated in the presence of anti-A/B antibodies. Microarray analysis and molecular profiling demonstrated that the expression of CD274 programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) increased in response to anti-A/B ligation-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inactivation in endothelial cells that were detected even in the presence of interferon-γ stimulation. Anti-PD-1 antibody enhanced CD4 T cell proliferation, and blocked the suppressive effect of the anti-A/B antibodies. Educated CD25+CD127− regulatory T cells (edu.Tregs) were more effective at preventing CD4 T cell alloresponses to endothelial cells compared with naive Treg; anti-A/B antibodies were not involved in the Treg-mediated events. Finally, amplified expression of transcript encoding PD-L1 was observed in biopsy samples from ABO-I renal transplants when compared with those from ABO-identical/compatible transplants. Taken together, our findings identified a possible factor that might prevent graft rejection and thus contribute to a favorable outcome in ABO-I renal transplantation.
Effects of in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapies on metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory status in IVF‐conceived pregnancy
Authors: Coussa Ayla , Hasan Hayder A. , Barber Thomas M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRationaleIn vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common treatment for infertility. In mice, IVF is associated with development of glucose intolerance. However, human data are limited regarding the metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory effects of IVF therapy in IVF‐conceived pregnancies.ObjectiveTo explore effects of IVF therapies on metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory parameters in IVF‐conceived pregnancy.MethodologyTwelve‐week prospective observational study of adult normoglycaemic women, BMI 18.5‐38 kg/m2and ≤ 39 years awaiting IVF therapy. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks, and serum analysed for reproductive hormones, glucose, lipids, insulin sensitivity, thyroid status, adiponectin inflammatory marker and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP).ResultsTwo hundred and seventy‐five women were analysed: 158 IVF‐conceived pregnant women and 117 with failed IVF. Compared with baseline, nonpregnant women had significant (P < .001) increases in 12‐week glucose (86.04‐87.62 mg/dL), insulin (8.72‐9.37 µIU/mL), HOMA‐IR (1.9‐2.1), T‐Chol (169.5‐174.9 mg/dL), TG (71.0‐83.7 mg/dL) and HDL‐C (52.0‐54.11 mg/dL) levels. At 12 weeks, pregnant women also had (P < .001) increases in T‐Chol (177.5‐199.5 mg/dL), TG (73.5‐126.78 mg/dL) and HDL‐C (55.3‐65.1 mg/dL), while a significant reduction in glucose (86.15‐82.19 mg/dL), HbA1c (5.3‐5.08%) and TSH (1.71‐1.36 µIU/mL) levels from baseline. Adiponectin and LBP levels remained the same in either group.ConclusionIn vitro fertilization hormonal therapy impairs glucose and insulin levels; these effects are masked in early pregnancy. Changes in lipid profile occur following IVF therapies regardless of pregnancy outcome. Neither adiponectin nor LBP is affected by IVF therapies and during early IVF‐conceived pregnancy.
Exosome biogenesis, secretion and function of exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle myogenesis
Authors: Yue Binglin , Yang Haiyan , Wang Jian , Ru Wenxiu , Wu Jiyao , Huang Yongzheng , Lan Xianyong , Lei Chuzhao , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExosomes are membrane‐bound extracellular vesicles that are produced in the endosomal compartment of most mammalian cell types and then released. Exosomes are effective carriers for the intercellular material transfer of material that can influence a series of physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells. Among loaded cargoes, non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) vary for the exosome‐producing cell and its homeostatic state, and characterization of the biogenesis and secretion of exosomal ncRNAs and the functions of these ncRNAs in skeletal muscle myogenesis remain preliminary. In this review, we will describe what is currently known of exosome biogenesis, release and uptake of exosomal ncRNAs, as well as the varied functions of exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle myogenesis.
Quality assurance in melanoma care: guideline‐based quality indicators for melanoma – implementation, evaluation and update process
Authors: Follmann Markus , Eigentler Thomas , Adam Henning , Wenzel Gregor , Langer Thomas , Wesselmann Simone 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundIn 2018, an update of the German evidence‐based (S3) guidelines “Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow‐up of Melanoma” first issued in 2013 was published under the auspices of the German Guideline Program in Oncology. The update also included a revision of existing guideline‐based quality indicators (QIs).Patients and methodsUsing a standardized multi‐step process, the guideline‐derived QIs were revised by a multidisciplinary, interprofessional working group based on the strong (level A) recommendations contained in the guideline update as well as on a systematic literature search for international indicators and on the outcomes of existing QIs as reported by certified German skin cancer centers.ResultsBased on the original set of twelve guideline‐based QIs agreed upon in 2013, the working group developed an updated set containing nine indicators. Four QIs were kept unchanged; two were modified; two were removed; and three new QIs were added. Unlike 2013, the working group was now able to incorporate the outcomes of QIs previously implemented at the various skin cancer centers.ConclusionsClose cooperation between guideline group and certification commission allows for the implementation of guideline‐based QIs in cancer care. Measured outcomes form the basis for updating both the guidelines and the QI development process. They provide information about the care of cancer patients in a real‐world setting as well as on guideline adherence and the feasibility of QIs themselves. This is a dynamic process that can be described in a transparent manner and that requires regular updating.