bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic Calculations for Cold Dark Matter Detection Rates
Authors: Kosmas T. S. , Kortelainen M. , Suhonen J. , Toivanen J. 
Published: April 2020

The scattering of the cold dark matter (CDM) candidate LSP (Lightest Supersymmetric Particle) off nuclei is investigated. We focus on the nuclear-structure aspects of the LSP-nucleus scattering problem and computed the associated event rates as well as the annual modulation signals for the 23Na, 71Ga, 73Ge and 127I CDM detectors by using the nuclear shell model in realistic model spaces and exploiting microscopic effective two-body interactions. Large-scale computations had to be performed in order to achieve convergence of the results. The relevance of the spin-dependent and coherent channels for the event rates is discussed, from both the nuclear structure and the SUSY-model viewpoints.
natMg(p,p0) differential cross-section measurement relevant to the EBS technique
Authors: Alvanou Eleni , Lagoyannis Anastasios , Axiotis Michael , Bligoura Natalia , Harissopulos Sotirios , Kokkoris Michael - , Maragkos Fotis , Ntemou Eleni , Preketes-Sigalas Kostas 
Published: April 2020

In the present work the natMg(p,p0)natMg reaction was investigated in the energy range Ep,lab ~ 2700–4250 keV, at six backward detection angles (120o-170o) suitable for analytical purposes. The measurements were performed using the 5.5 MV TN11 HV Tandem Accelerator of N.C.S.R. ‘‘Demokritos”, Athens, Greece and a high-precision goniometer. The experimental data are compared to data from the literature, when available, and similarities and discrepancies are presented and analyzed.
Knowledge and factors influencing long acting reversible contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Olagunju Olalekan Seun 
Published: April 2020

Background: Approximately 48% of unintended pregnancies occur as a result of contraceptive failure around the world, which is largely due to incorrect use, poor adherence and/or technology failure. Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods have been developed to close this gap because it’s not dependent on compliance with a pill-taking regimen; remembering to change patch or ring; or fixing an appointment with physicians. The main aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing the women associated with use of LARC and to examine the relationship between knowledge of LARC and its current use. Methods: This study assessed the PMA2020 methodology and secondary dataset using female datasets from PMA 2016 (Round 3) exercise. PMA 2016 was a survey carried out in seven states of Nigeria. The target population for this study was women of reproductive age (15-49 years) currently using contraception prior to the survey. The sample size of women meeting inclusion criteria in this study was 1927. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution, chi-square and logistic regression at 5% level of significant. Results: The results showed that 21.0% of women were using traditional methods. Concerning LARC methods, the table showed that 14.8% of the sampled women were using LARC methods. Findings further showed that at both levels of analyses there is a significant relationship (P<0.05 and P=0.00 for binary and multivariable logistic regression, respectively) between knowledge of LARCs and uses in this study. This means that knowledge of LARC & other socio-demographic variables among women of reproductive age in Nigeria can influence the use of it. Conclusions: From the result of the study we concluded that 14.8% of women using contraception were using LARC. Additionally, level of education, age of women, household wealth and number of living children were significantly associated with using LARC.
Insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling on the proposed 2030 goal for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT)
Authors:   NTD Modelling Consortium Discussion Group on Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis
Published: April 2020

Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a parasitic, vector-borne neglected tropical disease that has historically affected populations across West and Central Africa and can result in death if untreated. Following from the success of recent intervention programmes against gHAT, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined a 2030 goal of global elimination of transmission (EOT). The key proposed indicator to measure achievement of the goal is zero reported cases. Results of previous mathematical modelling and quantitative analyses are brought together to explore both the implications of the proposed indicator and the feasibility of achieving the WHO goal. Whilst the indicator of zero case reporting is clear and measurable, it is an imperfect proxy for EOT and could arise either before or after EOT is achieved. Lagging reporting of infection and imperfect diagnostic specificity could result in case reporting after EOT, whereas the converse could be true due to underreporting, lack of coverage, and cryptic human and animal reservoirs. At the village-scale, the WHO recommendation of continuing active screening until there are three years of zero cases yields a high probability of local EOT, but extrapolating this result to larger spatial scales is complex. Predictive modelling of gHAT has consistently found that EOT by 2030 is unlikely across key endemic regions if current medical-only strategies are not bolstered by improved coverage, reduced time to detection and/or complementary vector control. Unfortunately, projected costs for strategies expected to meet EOT are high in the short term and strategies that are cost-effective in reducing burden are unlikely to result in EOT by 2030. Future modelling work should aim to provide predictions while taking into account uncertainties in stochastic dynamics and infection reservoirs, as well as assessment of multiple spatial scales, reactive strategies, and measurable proxies of EOT.
Is optometry ready for myopia control? Education and other barriers to the treatment of myopia
Authors: McCrann Saoirse , Flitcroft Ian , Loughman James 
Published: April 2020

Background: With the increasing prevalence of myopia there is growing interest in active myopia control. However, the majority of progressive myopes are still prescribed single vision spectacles. This prospective study aims to elucidate the knowledge and attitudes of optometrists toward myopia control, and thereby identify perceived barriers to the implementation of a risk focussed model of myopia management. Methods: A series of four focus group discussions were conducted involving optometrists in different settings and career stages. Results: The key finding to emerge is a disconnect in myopia control knowledge and practices between academic optometrists, final year optometry students and clinicians in practice. Academic faculty believe the optometry curriculum should provide undergraduates with the clinical skills to practise myopia control, however, although students were knowledgeable in relation to myopia associated risk factors, some students had not yet undertaken any practical form of myopia control in their undergraduate degree. Furthermore, students may not receive hands-on myopia control experience during their supervised practice placement, as the majority of clinicians do not offer myopia control treatments, other than to communicate lifestyle advice to modify risk of myopia progression. Clinicians alluded to a lack of availability of myopia control interventions and identified a range of barriers relating to their training, clinical practice and public health challenges, financial, technological and other constraints that affect the implementation of such interventions. Conclusion: ﻿It appears optometrists have to yet embrace myopia control as a core element of the clinical eye care service they provide. Education, training, finance, and time restrictions, as well as limited availability of myopia control therapies were among the main perceived barriers to myopia control. This study revealed a distinct need for alignment between optometric training and the public health need for effective myopia control.
The management of emergency spinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Giorgi P. D. , Villa F. , Gallazzi E. , Debernardi A. , Schirò G. R. , Crisà F. M. , Talamonti G. , D’Aliberti G. 
Published: April 2020

Aims The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is the biggest challenge for national health systems for a century. While most medical resources are allocated to treat COVID-19 patients, several non-COVID-19 medical emergencies still need to be treated, including vertebral fractures and spinal cord compression. The aim of this paper is to report the early experience and an organizational protocol for emergency spinal surgery currently being used in a large metropolitan area by an integrated team of orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons. Methods An organizational model is presented based on case centralization in hub hospitals and early management of surgical cases to reduce hospital stay. Data from all the patients admitted for emergency spinal surgery from the beginning of the outbreak were prospectively collected and compared to data from patients admitted for the same reason in the same time span in the previous year, and treated by the same integrated team. Results A total of 19 patients (11 males and eight females, with a mean age of 49.9 years (14 to 83)) were admitted either for vertebral fracture or spinal cord compression in a 19-day period, compared to the ten admitted in the previous year. No COVID-19 patients were treated. The mean time between admission and surgery was 1.7 days, significantly lower than 6.8 days the previous year (p < 0.001). Conclusion The structural organization and the management protocol we describe allowed us to reduce the time to surgery and ultimately hospital stay, thereby maximizing the already stretched medical resources available. We hope that our early experience can be of value to the medical communities that will soon be in the same emergency situation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):671–676.
Effect of photoinitiator concentration on hygroscopic stability of UV cured precision replicated composite optics
Authors: Ferrelli Geena L. , Kim Hyun I. , Zaldivar Rafael J. 
Published: April 2020

Replicated composite optics is a promising technique to fabricate high-quality mirrors with reduced weight and processing time compared to conventional glass mirrors; however, the optical layer is organic and susceptible to environmentally-induced dimensional changes, specifically to moisture exposures. Generally, to enhance polymer stability, thermal curing is necessary to maximize the cure state. Because replications are bonded, thermal exposures generate residual stresses that degrade optical quality. In this paper, the cure state of a UV-cured epoxy with RT processing was varied by changing the photoinitiator (PI) concentration, and the replication stability was evaluated in different humidity environments by laser interferometry. Increasing the PI concentration transformed the epoxy microstructure from homogenous to a more phasic network, as evidenced by both DMA and AFM, resulting in significant changes to the Tg, modulus, and moisture absorption. When replications were exposed to moisture, they experienced initial swelling followed by stress relaxation to net-zero regardless of initial processing stress. Reduced PI concentrations exhibited higher moduli and shorter swelling periods, with dimensional changes as small as 35 nm and complete stress relaxation in days. TTS master curves describing stress relaxation behavior correlated well with the observed behavior in replicated mirror samples. Furthermore, it was shown that the relieved stress persisted through multiple humidity cycles between 100% to 0% RH. These results show that high-humidity conditioning treatments can be utilized to eliminate residual stress in as-fabricated replicated mirrors over just a few days, providing a viable manufacturing and processing route for highly precise and stable replicated composite mirrors.
Editorial
Authors: Providência Paulo , Moniz Gonçalo Canto 
Published: April 2020

Ensinar pelo Projecto
O ensino e aprendizagem de Projecto de Arquitectura, contrariamente ao que a designação da disciplina deixaria supor, não é uma aplicação prática (o projecto) de uma teoria prévia (a arquitectura). Movendo-se num campo complexo que convoca o conhecimento implícito, a experiência pessoal, a consciência crítica, a reflexão-na-acção, ou a síntese operativa, o Projecto de Arquitectura é uma disciplina de síntese que se socorre tanto das ciências sociais, como das artes e humanidades, ou das ciências e tecnologias, para construir um argumento narrativo transformador. Pode-se por isso pensar que embora com uma forte componente prática, o seu objectivo é a construção teórica da Arquitectura e também, inversamente, que a sua eficácia teórica ou reflexiva estará dependente da sua materialização prática e instrutiva

Teaching through Design
Despite of what the name may lead one to believe, Architectural Design Studio teaching and learning is not a practical application (project) of a previous theory (architecture). It moves in a complex field that calls for implicit knowledge, personal experience, critical conscience, reflection- in-action, or operative synthesis, the Architectural Design Studio is a discipline of synthesis that resorts to social sciences, and as arts and humanities, or sciences and technologies, to build a transforming narrative argument. Albeit showing, a strong practical approach, its main goal is a theoretical construction of architecture. However, its theoretical efficacy is dependent upon its practical and instructive materialization.
Editorial: The European City as a Place of Coexistence
Authors: Bandeirinha José António , Correia Luís Miguel , Mota Nelson 
Published: April 2020

The European urban institutions have always negotiated a balance between collective control and individual initiative. However, over the last seven decades this balance has been challenged. In the aftermath of World War II, the utopia of the functional city was hijacked to serve the welfare policies of the states sponsored by the Marshall Plan. Both in urban extension as in urban renewal, technocratic planning approaches were encouraged to back up a political program of de-urbanization inspired by the nemesis of the European city, the American suburbia. Eventually, in the 1980s, the paradigm of the state as provider shifted to the paradigm of the state as enabler. The European city became nothing but a commodity where the state performs as facilitator for the consolidation of the hegemony of the markets. Against this background, the articles published in this issue of Joelho offer critical contributions to understand the production and reproduction of approaches to the (re-) definition of the identity of the European city. With insightful approaches springing from different intellectual perspectives, they expand the debate on one of the fundamental achievements of Western civilization: the European city as a place of coexistence.
Écologie et Libération. Critique de la modernité dans la théologie de la libération - L. M. Andrade, 2016.
Authors: Perrier Lenita 
Published: April 2020

Recensé : Luis Martínez Andrade, Écologie et Libération. Critique de la modernité dans la théologie de la libération, Paris, Van Dieren Éditeur, 2016, 320 p.
La part artistique de l’habiter. Perspectives contemporaines - O. Lazzarotti, G. Mercier, S. Pacquet (dir.), 2017.
Authors: Désert Julie 
Published: April 2020

Recensé : Olivier Lazzarotti, Guy Mercier, Suzanne Paquet (dir.), La part artistique de l’habiter. Perspectives contemporaines, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2017 (« Collection Géographies et Cultures »), 250 p.
Aging But Not Age-Related Hearing Loss Dominates the Decrease of Parvalbumin Immunoreactivity in the Primary Auditory Cortex of Mice
Authors: Rogalla Meike M. , Hildebrandt K. Jannis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlterations in inhibitory circuits of the primary auditory cortex (pAC) have been shown to be an aspect of aging and age-related hearing loss (AHL). Several studies reported a decline in parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity in aged rodent pAC of animals displaying AHL and conclude a relationship between reduced sensitivity and declined PV immunoreactivity. However, it remains elusive whether AHL or a general molecular aging is causative for decreased PV immunoreactivity. In this study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of AHL and general aging on PV immunoreactivity patterns in inhibitory interneurons of mouse pAC. We compared young and old animals of a mouse line with AHL (C57BL/6) and a mutant (C57B6.CAST-Cdh23Ahl+) that is not vulnerable to AHL according to their hearing status by measuring auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and by an immunohistochemical evaluation of the PV immunoreactivity patterns in two dimensions (rostro-caudal and layer) in the pAC. Although AHL could be confirmed by ABR measurements for the C57BL/6 mice, both aged strains showed a similar reduction of PV+positive interneurons in both, number and density. The pattern of reduction across the rostro-caudal axis and across cortical layers was similar for both aged lines. Our results demonstrate that a reduced PV immunoreactivity is a sign of general, molecular aging and not related to AHL.
Nematicidal activity of aqueous tinctures of medicinal plants against larvae of the nematodes Strongyloides papillosus and Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Boyko O. O. , Kabar A. M. , Brygadyrenko V. V. 
Published: April 2020

The study focuses on in vitro effect of aqueous tinctures of 48 species of herbaceous, shrub and tree plants on the first-third stage larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and third-stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898. The highest level of the effect was exerted by 3% aqueous tinctures of Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Laburnum anagyroides Medik., Quercus petraea subsp. iberica (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Krassiln., Ginkgo biloba L., Colchicum autumnale L., Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., Celastrus scandens L., Securigera varia (L.) Lassen, Magnolia kobus DC. Over 90% of the first and second non-invasive stage larvae of S. papillosus died at contact with these tinctures. The lowest parameters of LD50 were seen for L. anagyroides, Juniperus sabina L., C. scandens, M. kobus, A. manshuriensis, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. and Securigera varia (L.) Lassen. Invasive larvae of S. papillosus and H. contortus were resistant to the effect of all the 48 surveyed species of plants. Third-stage larvae of H. contortus remained vital when exposed for 24 h to all the studied concentrations up to 3% aqueous tincture of plants. The results of the experiments and also the analysis of the literature indicate the necessity to continue the survey on nematocidial activity of aqueous tinctures and alcveshol extracts of plants.
<i>British Freemasonry, 1717-1813</i>, edited by Róbert Péter
Authors: Clements Diane 
Published: April 2020

Review of British Freemasonry, 1717-1813, editado por Róbert Péter. London: Routledge, 2016. 2396 pages. ISBN-13: 978-1138100190. ISBN-10: 1138100196.
<i>Templarios y Masones. Las claves de un enigma</i> de Javier Alvarado Planas
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José 
Published: April 2020

Reseña de Templarios y Masones. Las claves de un enigma de Javier Alvarado Planas. Madrid: editorial Sanz y Torres, Colección Historia, 2019, 250 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-17765-94-1.
INTERAKSI SIMBOLIK DAN IMAJI RELIGIOUS DALAM MEMBANGUN CITRA PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL JADID
Authors: Baharun Hasan , Intania Intania 
Published: April 2020

This paper presents about the interpretation of symbols that are formed in all activities in Islamic boarding schools, where the use of these symbols has a deep meaning in religious aspects, especially in building a positive image of Islamic boarding school, until it can attract public confidence in the implementation of education and learning inside of it. The symbols formed are the creations, works, and initiatives of Islamic boarding school residents, as the basic of their social behavior and actions. This research uses a qualitative with case study, with a research site at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo, East Java. The results showed that the symbols of social interaction at Islamic boarding school has own attraction. The harmony of Islamic boarding school residents in their behavior and the meaning that contained by islamic values. Syimbol which is showed through the behavior of Islamic boardin school residents is including to the part of religious image which has function as society’s aid to recognize religious life of islamic boarding school residents well, until it can be formed positive image for Islamic boarding school persistence. Hence, symbol as media to show religious image can increase positive image which is pointed to society’s trust toward education persistence at Islamic boarding school. Tulisan ini menyajikan tentang interprestasi simbol-simbol yang terbentuk pada seluruh aktivitas yang ada di pondok pesantren, di mana penggunaan simbol tersebut memiliki makna yang mendalam dalam aspek religious, khususnya dalam membangun citra positif pesantren, sehingga mampu menarik kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pembelajaran di dalamnya. Simbol yang terbentuk merupakan cipta, karya dan karsa warga pondok pesantren, sebagai basis perilaku dan tindakan sosialnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi kasus, dengan situs penelitian di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid, Paiton, Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simbol-simbol dalam interaksi sosial pondok pesantren memiliki daya tarik sendiri. Keselarasan warga pondok pesantren dalam berperilaku melalui simbol-simbol tertentu, disebabkan karena penyesuain perilaku dengan makna yang terkandung dalam nilai-nilai Islam. Simbol yang ditampilkan melalui perilaku warga pondok pesantren, termasuk bagian dari imaji religious yang berfungsi membantu masyarakat mengenal dengan baik kehidupan religious pondok pesantren, sehingga akan membentuk citra positif bagi keberlangsungan pendidikan di pondok pesantren. Dengan demikian, simbol sebagai media untuk menunjukkan imaji regious, mampu meningkatkan citra positif pondok pesantren yang berujung pada kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap keberlangsungan pendidikan di pondok pesantren.