bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombolysis in Stroke With Unknown Onset Based on Non‐Contrast Computerized Tomography (TRUST CT)
Authors: Sykora Marek , Kellert Lars , Michel Patrik , Eskandari Ashraf , Feil Katharina , Rémi Jan , Ferrari Julia , Krebs Stefan , Lang Wilfried , Serles Wolfgang , Siarnik Pavel , Turcani Peter , Kovacik Michal , Bender Benjamin , Mengel Annerose , Poli Khouloud , Poli Sven 
Published: February 2020

Background

Intravenous thrombolysis (
IVT
) in wake‐up stroke (
WUS
) or stroke with unknown onset (
SUO
) has been recently proven to be safe and effective using advanced neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography‐perfusion) for patient selection. However, in most of the thrombolyzing centers advanced neuroimaging is not instantly available. We hypothesize that pragmatic non‐contrast computed tomography‐based
IVT
in
WUS
/
SUO
may be feasible and safe.

Methods and Results

TRUST
‐
CT
(Thrombolysis in Stroke With Unknown Onset Based on Non‐Contrast Computerized Tomography) is an international multicenter registry‐based study.
WUS
/
SUO
patients undergoing non‐contrast computed tomography‐based
IVT
with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale ≥4 and initial Alberta Stroke Program Early Computerized Tomography score ≥7 were included and compared with propensity score matched non‐thrombolyzed
WUS
/
SUO
controls. Primary end point was the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; secondary end points included 24‐hour National Institute of Health Stroke Scale improvement of ≥4 and modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. One hundred and seventeen
WUS
/
SUO
patients treated with non‐contrast computed tomography‐based
IVT
were included. As compared with 112 controls, the median admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 10 and the median Alberta Stroke Program Early Computerized Tomography score was 10 in both groups. Four (3.4%)
IVT
patients and one control patient (0.9%) suffered symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio 7.9, 95%
CI
0.65–96,
P
=0.1). A decrease of ≥4 National Institute of Health Stroke Scale points was observed in 67 (57.3%) of
IVT
patients as compared with 25 (22.3%) in controls (adjusted odds ratio 5.8,
CI
3.0–11.2,
P
<0.001). A months, 39 (33.3%)
IVT
patients reached a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1 versus 23 (20.5%) controls (adjusted odds ratio 1.94,
CI
1.0–3.76,
P
=0.05).

Conclusions

Non‐contrast computed tomography‐based thrombolysis in
WUS
/
SUO
seems feasible and safe and may be effective. Randomized prospective comparisons are warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
03634748.
Disability After Minor Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in the POINT Trial
Authors: Cucchiara Brett , Elm Jordan , Easton J. Donald , Coutts Shelagh B. , Willey Joshua Z. , Biros Michelle H. , Ross Michael A. , Johnston S. Claiborne 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
While combination aspirin and clopidogrel reduces recurrent stroke compared with aspirin alone in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, the effect on disability is uncertain.

Methods—
The POINT trial (Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke) randomized patients with TIA or minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3) within 12 hours of onset to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin plus clopidogrel versus aspirin alone. The primary outcome measure was a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis to examine the effect of treatment on overall disability (defined as modified Rankin Scale score >1) at 90 days, as well as disability ascribed by the local investigator to index or recurrent stroke. We also evaluated predictors of disability.

Results—

At 90 days, 188 of 1964 (9.6%) of patients enrolled with TIA and 471 of 2586 (18.2%) of those enrolled with stroke were disabled. Overall disability was similar between patients assigned DAPT versus aspirin alone (14.7% versus 14.3%; odds ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.82–1.14];
P
=0.69). However, there were numerically fewer patients with disability in conjunction with a primary outcome event in the DAPT arm (3.0% versus 4.0%; odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.53–1.01];
P
=0.06) and significantly fewer patients in the DAPT arm with disability attributed by the investigators to either the index event or recurrent stroke (5.9% versus 7.4%; odds ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.62–0.99];
P
=0.04). Notably, disability attributed to the index event accounted for the majority of this difference (4.5% versus 6.0%; odds ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.57–0.96];
P
=0.02). In multivariate analysis, age, subsequent ischemic stroke, serious adverse events, and major bleeding were significantly associated with disability in TIA; for those with stroke, female sex, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, recurrent ischemic stroke, subsequent myocardial infarction, and serious adverse events were associated with disability.

Conclusions—
In addition to reducing recurrent stroke in patients with acute minor stroke and TIA, DAPT might reduce stroke-related disability.

Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00991029.
Race and Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Incidence in the Northern Manhattan Study
Authors: Gardener Hannah , Sacco Ralph L. , Rundek Tatjana , Battistella Valeria , Cheung Ying Kuen , Elkind Mitchell S.V. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
An excess incidence of strokes among blacks versus whites has been shown, but data on disparities related to Hispanic ethnicity remain limited. This study examines race/ethnic differences in stroke incidence in the multiethnic, largely Caribbean Hispanic, NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study), and whether disparities vary by age.

Methods—
The study population included participants in the prospective population-based NOMAS, followed for a mean of 14±7 years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and incident stroke of any subtype and ischemic stroke, stratified by age.

Results—
Among 3298 participants (mean baseline age 69±10 years, 37% men, 24% black, 21% white, 52% Hispanic), 460 incident strokes accrued (400 ischemic, 43 intracerebral hemorrhage, 9 subarachnoid hemorrhage). The most common ischemic subtype was cardioembolic, followed by lacunar infarcts, then cryptogenic. The greatest incidence rate was observed in blacks (13/1000 person-years), followed by Hispanics (10/1000 person-years), and lowest in whites (9/1000 person-years), and this order was observed for crude incidence rates until age 75. By age 85, the greatest incidence rate was in Hispanics. Blacks had an increased risk of stroke versus whites overall in multivariable models that included sociodemographics (hazard ratio, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.13–2.02]), and stratified analyses showed that this disparity was driven by women of age ≥70. The increased rate of stroke among Hispanics (age/sex-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.13–1.93]) was largely explained by education and insurance status (a proxy for socieoeconomic status; hazard ratio after further adjusting for these variables, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.85–1.62]) but remained significant for women age ≥70.

Conclusions—
This study provides novel data regarding the increased stroke risk among Caribbean Hispanics in this elderly population. Results highlight the need to create culturally tailored campaigns to reach black and Hispanic populations to reduce race/ethnic stroke disparities and support the important role of low socioeconomic status in driving an elevated risk among Caribbean Hispanics.
Circulating SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin) and Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Madsen Tracy E. , Luo Xi , Huang Mengna , Park Ki E. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Manson JoAnn E. , Liu Simin 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
Circulating levels of SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) have been inversely linked to obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiometabolic disorders. It remains uncertain whether low SHBG is prospectively predictive of stroke risk, particularly in women. We investigated whether SHBG is associated with risk of incident ischemic stroke (IS) among women in the WHI (Women’s Health Initiative).

Methods—
From an observational cohort of 161 808 postmenopausal women enrolled in the WHI at 40 sites across the United States from 1993 to 1998, we identified 13 192 participants free of prevalent stroke at baseline who were included in an ancillary study that measured serum SHBG. We used Cox proportional hazards regression, stratified by SHBG measurement assay, to assess IS risk across quintiles of SHBG (Q1–Q5), adjusting first for demographic variables (model 1), additionally for body mass index, hypertension, alcohol use, and smoking status (model 2), and for physical activity and reproductive risk factors (model 3). In sensitivity analyses, potential mediators (diabetes mellitus status, levels of estradiol, testosterone, and CRP [C-reactive protein]) were included.

Results—

Of 13 192 participants (mean age, 62.5 years; 67.4% non-Hispanic white, 18.5% black, 7.6% Hispanic, and 5.0% Asian), after following for an average of 11.6 years, 768 IS events were adjudicated. Compared with the highest quintile of SHBG levels (referent), women in the lowest SHBG quintile had a higher risk of IS in all 3 multivariable models (model 1: hazard ratio, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.47–2.41]; model 2: hazard ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.30–2.20]; model 3: hazard ratio, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.19–2.19]; trend tests
P
<0.05 for all models). Including potential mediators such as diabetes mellitus, estradiol, and testosterone in the models attenuated but did not eliminate significant inverse associations between SHBG and IS.

Conclusions—
In this prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, there was a statistically significant inverse association between serum SHBG levels and IS risk, which supports the notion that SHBG could be used as a risk stratification tool for predicting IS in women.
Chromosome counts in Aegla expansa Jara, 1992 (Anomura, Aeglidae) a freshwater crab from southern Chile
Authors: Jara-Seguel Pedro , Muñoz-Pedreros Andrés , Norambuena Heraldo V. , Jara Carlos , González-Urrutia Marilyn , Guerrero Marcela 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The freshwater crab Aegla expansa Jara, 1992 (Aeglidae) is endemic to Chile and has a geographical distribution restricted to one stream in the locality of Hualqui (37°S), Concepción Province, Chile. A chromosome number is here described for somatic cells of A. expansa. The chromosomes are large in number and small in size (<2 μm). These cytogenetic data are the first reported for a species of the genus Aegla.
Ontogenic allometry and sexual maturity of the hermit crab, Diogenes alias McLaughlin & Holthuis, 2001 (Decapoda, Anomura)
Authors: Nirmal T. , da Silva Alexandre Ribeiro , Pavan Kumar A. , Jaiswar A. K. , Kumawat Tarachand 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Growth studies on Anomura, especially hermit crabs, are relatively limited, due to the complexity in constructing generalized growth models as well as the heterogeneity of the group. Despite Diogenes alias being one of the most abundant species in the study area, there is a lack of information regarding its sexual dimorphism and maturity. The present study aims to evaluate its ontogenic allometry, using Jolicoeur’s multivariate allometric coefficient. The specimens were collected biweekly from trawl fishing grounds off the Mumbai coast for one year. Sexual dimorphism was patent at the larger cheliped width in males and the wider shield width in females, which was attributed to the differential energy allocation by both male and female. The size of morphological sexual maturity was established at 7.6 mm shield length for males, and at 6.2 mm in females.
FAAL: a Feature-based Aligning ALgorithm
Authors: Kilani Marwan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article I present FAAL, a new Feature-based Aligning ALgorithm that can be used for the alignment of phonetically transcribed lexical items according to the comparison of phonetic features. The algorithm can be run on any pair of phonetically transcribed words without requiring any specific setting or tuning, although various parameters of its implementation as .jar library can indeed be modified by the user, if needed. The structure and work-flow of the algorithm are described in the first part of the paper. In the second part FAAL is tested against previously proposed algorithms in a test case involving two different datasets. FAAL in its default configuration outperforms all of them. FAAL is distributed in the form of a .jar Java library. The description of this Java library and the details about the settings and configuration of its methods are provided on-line, in my github repository at https://github.com/MKilani/FAAL.
Liberal Quaker Reconciliation Theology: A Constructive Approach
Authors: Randazzo Christy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This work brings the fields of Christian theologies of atonement and reconciliation and Liberal Quaker theology into dialogue, and lays the foundation for developing an original Liberal Quaker reconciliation theology. This dialogue focuses specifically on the metaphorical language employed to describe the relationship of interdependence between humans and God, which both traditions hold as integral to their conceptions of human and divine existence. It focuses on these areas: the sin of human division and exclusion; atonement and reunification of humans and God as a response to sin; and the metaphors Liberal Quaker use to describe this interdependent relationship, specifically the metaphor of Light. This unique approach develops an original model of reconciliatory interdependence between humans and God that is rooted in both Christological and Universalist Liberal Quaker metaphorical and theological categories and utilizes the Liberal Quaker language of God as interdependent Light towards a new theology.
Increasing Destructive Potential of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones over China
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Yuqing , Zhan Ruifen , Xu Jing , Duan Yihong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the trend in destructive potential of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) in terms of power dissipation index (PDI) over mainland China in the period of 1980–2018. Results show that both the accumulated PDI and averaged PDI after landfall show significant increasing trends. The increasing trends are found to be contributed primarily by the increasing mean duration of TCs over land and the increasing TC intensity at landfall. Further analyses indicate that the increase in landfalling TC intensity prior to and at landfall, the decrease in intensity weakening rate after landfall, and the northward shift of landfalling TC track density all contribute to the longer duration of TCs after landfall. Moreover, the conducive large-scale conditions, such as the increases in coastal sea surface temperature and land surface temperature and soil moisture, the decrease in low-level vertical wind shear, and the increase in upper-level divergence, are all favorable for intense landfalling TCs and their survival after landfall, thus contributing to the increasing destructive potential of landfalling TCs over China.
Effects of Horizontal Resolution on Hourly Precipitation in AGCM Simulations
Authors: Kong Xianghui , Wang Aihui , Bi Xunqiang , Li Xingyu , Zhang He 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo analyze the effects of horizontal resolution on hourly precipitation, four Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations are carried out using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model (CAS-ESM) and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) during 1998–2016. They include CAS-ESM at resolutions of 1.4° latitude × 1.4° longitude (CAS-ESM L) and 0.5° × 0.5° (CAS-ESM H), and CESM at resolutions of 1.9° latitude × 2.5° longitude (CESM L) and 0.47° × 0.63° (CESM H), respectively. We focus on the simulated hourly precipitation frequency and assess the frequency with respect to high-resolution satellite observations and reanalysis. The high-resolution experiments show some improvements of measurable precipitation (>0.02 mm h−1) frequency. Noticeable improvement of heavy rainfall (>2 mm h−1) frequency is demonstrated at the high resolutions. The zonal mean, seasonal mean, and area-weighted average frequency support the above results. The high-resolution experiments outperform the low-resolution experiments in reproducing hourly precipitation intensity and amount. The added value is apparent in heavy precipitation intensity from CAS-ESM H and CESM H. Over the monsoon regions and tropical convergence zones, the patterns of probability density functions for precipitation from high-resolution experiments are closer to the observations and reanalysis than those from the low-resolution simulations. The improvement of measurable precipitation frequency is mainly caused by the reductions of the convective rainfall occurrence at high resolutions. The increasing large-scale precipitation and reasonable integrated water vapor flux contribute to the improvements in measurable rainfall intensity and heavy precipitation characteristics. The results of this study support the concept that high-resolution global simulations could produce improved hourly precipitation capabilities, especially for heavy rainfall.
Dancing With Algorithms: Interaction Creates Greater Preference and Trust in Machine-Learned Behavior
Authors: Gutzwiller Robert S. , Reeder John 
Published: February 2020

Objective We examined a method of machine learning (ML) to evaluate its potential to develop more trustworthy control of unmanned vehicle area search behaviors. Background ML typically lacks interaction with the user. Novel interactive machine learning (IML) techniques incorporate user feedback, enabling observation of emerging ML behaviors, and human collaboration during ML of a task. This may enable trust and recognition of these algorithms. Method Participants judged and selected behaviors in a low and a high interaction condition (IML) over the course of behavior evolution using ML. User trust in the outputs, as well as preference, and ability to discriminate and recognize the behaviors were measured. Results Compared to noninteractive techniques, IML behaviors were more trusted and preferred, as well as recognizable, separate from non-IML behaviors, and approached similar performance as pure ML models. Conclusion IML shows promise for creating behaviors by involving the user; this is the first extension of this technique for vehicle behavior model development targeting user satisfaction and is unique in its multifaceted evaluation of how users perceived, trusted, and implemented these learned controllers. Application There are many contexts where the brittleness of ML cannot be trusted, but the advantage of ML over traditional programmed behaviors may be large, as in some military operations where they could be scaled. IML in this early form appears to generate satisfactory behaviors without sacrificing performance, use, or trust in the behavior, but more work is necessary.
Organisational learning and change in a public sector context
Authors: Elliott Ian C 
Published: February 2020

It is broadly accepted that learning is important in supporting the delivery of change. Furthermore, during times of public sector budget cuts there is a growing interest in innovation and change. However, it is also generally accepted that austere times typically lead to a reduction in training and development budgets – particularly within the public sector. This paper explores the extent to which the assumed link between learning and change is contested during austerity. Fifty-one public sector managers from Wales and Scotland participated in the study, over a period of 13 months, from a wide range of public sector organisations across two devolved parts of the UK. The research explored issues surrounding motivations for learning, expectations of outcomes and perceptions around the drivers of change. It is found that public sector budget cuts are having a direct impact on learning and development opportunities across the UK public sector. Whilst budget cuts may lead to change, this is likely to be piecemeal rather than strategic. In conclusion, this research supports the view that austerity is a barrier to meaningful change in the public sector and not a driver.
Sex differences in text-mined possible adverse drug events associated with drugs for psychosis
Authors: Sørup Freja Karuna Hemmingsen , Eriksson Robert , Westergaard David , Hallas Jesper , Brunak Søren , Ejdrup Andersen Stig 
Published: February 2020

Background: Understanding sex differences in adverse drug reactions to drugs for psychosis could potentially guide clinicians in optimal drug choices. Aims: By applying a text-mining approach, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between drugs for psychosis and biological sex differences in frequencies and co-occurrences of potential adverse drug events (ADEs). Methods: Electronic patient records of a psychiatric population (1427 men and 727 women) were text mined for potential ADEs. The relative risk of experiencing specific ADEs and co-occurrence of ADEs were calculated for each sex. Results: Findings included 55 potential ADEs with significantly different frequencies between the two sexes. Of these, 20 were more frequent in men, with relative risks of 1.10–7.64, and 35 were more frequent in women, with relative risks of 1.19–21.58. Frequent potential ADEs were psychiatric symptoms, including sexual dysfunction and disturbances in men, and gastrointestinal symptoms, suicidal and self-injurious behaviour and hyperprolactinemia-related events in women. Mention of different hyperprolactinemia-related ADEs often co-occurred in female patients but not in male patients. Conclusion: Several known sex-related ADEs were identified, as well as some previously not reported. When considering the risk–benefit profile of drugs for psychosis, the patient’s sex should be considered.
Donepezil plus memantine versus donepezil alone for treatment of concomitant Alzheimer’s disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Cao Yangyi , Qian Liang , Yu Weiguang , Li Tingting , Mao Shuai , Han Guowei 
Published: February 2020

Objective To assess the clinical outcomes of donepezil plus memantine (DM) and donepezil (DO) alone in Asian patients with a concomitant diagnosis of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease and mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AD-COPD). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with AD-COPD who received either DM or DO for 6 months, or until the occurrence of unacceptable adverse events or disease progression, between June 2012 and May 2016. The primary endpoint was the score on the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE). Secondary endpoints were scores on the caregiver-rated Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Dementia Quality of Life (DEMQOL)-Proxy, and General Health Questionnaire 12. Results In total, 154 eligible patients received DM, whereas 156 received DO. Compared with patients who received DO, patients who received DM had significantly higher mean scores on the SMMSE by 2.1 points (95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.5). Significant between-group heterogeneity was not detected in outcomes over time. The benefits of treatment with DM were greater than those of treatment with DO, in terms of the primary endpoint. Significant differences were also detected in terms of secondary endpoints. Conclusion DM is more effective than DO alone for Asian patients with AD-COPD.