bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of reduced cardiac index in patients with acute submassive pulmonary embolism
Authors: Ammari Zaid , Al‐Sarie Mohammad , Ea Anthony , Sangera Rajveer , George Jon C. , Varghese Vincent , Brewster Pamela S. , Xie Yanmei , Chen Tian , Sun Zhen , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesDetermine the baseline clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic values that predict reduced cardiac index (CI) among subjects with acute submassive pulmonary embolism (PE).BackgroundSubmassive PE represents a large portion of acute PE population and there is controversy regarding optimal treatment strategies for these patients. There is significant heterogeneity within the submassive PE population and further refinement of risk stratification may aid clinical decision‐making.MethodsWe identified subjects with normotensive acute PE who underwent echocardiogram and right heart catheterization (RHC) prior to catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT). We sought to determine the predictors of reduced CI, defined as CI < 2.2 L min‐1m‐2.ResultsThirty‐two subjects met the inclusion criteria and 41% had reduced CI. Baseline variables did not distinguish subjects with reduced versus normal CI. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was significantly different between the reduced versus normal CI groups (BNP 440 vs. 160 pg/ml, p = .004, respectively). Univariate logistic regression identified BNP, right ventricular (RV):left ventricular (LV) diameter ratio, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and right ventricular systolic pressure as predictors of reduced CI. In a multivariate logistic regression model, only TAPSE was an independent predictor of reduced CI. ROC curve analysis identified the following optimal cut points for prediction of reduced CI: BNP > 216 pg/ml, RV:LV ratio > 1.41, or TAPSE <1.6 cm.ConclusionsAlmost half of subjects with acute submassive PE have reduced CI, despite normal systemic blood pressure. Optimal cut points for BNP, RV:LV ratio, and TAPSE were identified to predict reduced CI among patients with acute PE. These findings may aid in clinical decision‐making and risk stratification of patients with acute submassive PE.
Unusual Nitrene Oxidation Product Formation by Metathesis Involving the Dioxygen O−O and Borylnitrene B−N Bonds
Authors: Bhagat Virinder , Schumann Julia , Bettinger Holger F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reaction of dioxygen with nitrenes can have significant energy barriers, although both reactants are triplet diradicals and the formation of nitroso‐O‐oxides is spin‐allowed. By means of matrix‐isolation infrared spectroscopy in solid argon, nitrogen, and neon, and through high‐level computational quantum chemistry, it is shown herein that a 3‐nitreno‐1,3,2‐benzodioxaborole CatBN (Cat=catecholato) reacts with dioxygen under cryogenic conditions thermally at temperatures as low as 7 K to produce two distinct products, an anti‐nitroso‐O‐oxide and a nitritoborane CatBONO. The computed barriers for the formation of nitroso‐O‐oxide isomers are very low. Whereas anti‐nitroso‐O‐oxide is kinetically trapped, its bisected isomer has a very low barrier for metathesis, yielding the CatBO+NO radicals in a strongly exothermic reaction; these radicals can combine under matrix‐isolation conditions to give nitritoborane CatBONO. The trapped isomer, anti‐nitroso‐O‐oxide, can form the nitritoborane CatBONO only after photoexcitation, possibly involving isomerization to the bisected isomer of anti‐nitroso‐O‐oxide.
Enantioselective Dihalogenation of Alkenes
Authors: Bock Jonathan , Guria Sudip , Wedek Volker , Hennecke Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dihalogenation of alkenes is one of the classic reactions in organic chemistry and a prime example of an electrophilic addition reaction. The often observed anti‐selectivity in this addition reaction can be explained by the formation of a haliranium‐ion intermediate. Although dihalogenations have been studied for more than a century, the development of reagent‐controlled, enantioselective dihalogenation has proved to be very difficult. Only recently, significant progress has been achieved. In this review, an overview on current method development in enantioselective dihalogenation is provided and mechanistic aspects that render this transformation challenging are discussed.
Evaluation of the Synthetic Scope and the Reaction Pathways of Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer with Redox‐Active Guanidines in C−H Activation Processes
Authors: Wild Ute , Walter Petra , Hübner Olaf , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) is currently intensively studied because of its importance in synthetic chemistry and biology. In recent years it was shown that redox‐active guanidines are capable PCET reagents for the selective oxidation of organic molecules. In this work, the scope of their PCET reactivity regarding reactions that involve C−H activation is explored and kinetic studies carried out to disclose the reaction mechanisms. Organic molecules with potential up to 1.2 V vs. ferrocenium/ferrocene are efficiently oxidized. Reactions are initiated by electron transfer, followed by slow proton transfer from an electron‐transfer equilibrium.
Chiral Oligothiophenes with Remarkable Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Electroluminescence in Thin Films
Authors: Albano Gianluigi , Aronica Laura Antonella , Minotto Alessandro , Cacialli Franco , Di Bari Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work reports the first observation of circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) in thin films of self‐organized oligothiophenes. Four new 1,4‐phenylene and 9H‐carbazole‐based oligothiophenes were ad hoc designed to ensure efficient spontaneous formation of chiral supramolecular order. They were easily synthesized and their chiroptical properties in thin films were measured. Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra revealed glum in the order of 10−2 on a wide wavelengths range, originating from their self‐organized chiral supramolecular organization. These molecules have reasonable properties as organic semiconductors and for this reason they can constitute the active layer of circularly‐polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). Thus, we could investigate directly their electroluminescence (EL) and CPEL, without resorting to blends, but rather in a simple multilayer device with basic architecture. This is the first example of a CP‐OLED with active layer made only of a small organic compound.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of the 1,1,n,n‐Tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes
Authors: Unikela Kiran Sagar , Ghasemabadi Parisa Ghods , Houska Václav , Dawe Louise N. , Zhao Yuming , Bodwell Graham J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA gram‐scale synthesis of a series of 1,1,n,n‐tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes (n=7–9) has been accomplished as well as the first synthesis of the next higher homologue 1,1,10,10‐tetramethyl[10](2,11)teropyrenophane. The scale‐up of the original small‐scale synthesis required the development of several heavily modified synthetic methods, including a chlorination/Friedel–Crafts alkylation protocol and an iodination/Wurtz coupling protocol, which were performed on 25–30 g and 30–60 g scales, respectively. Two separate sets of conditions for the key teropyrene‐forming cyclodehydrogenation reaction at the end of the synthetic pathway were developed, an acid‐promoted one for the two less strained congeners and an acid‐free method for the two more strained homologues.
Completely Amine‐Free Open‐Atmospheric Synthesis of High‐Quality Cesium Lead Bromide (CsPbBr3) Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Akhil Syed , Dutt V. G. Vasavi , Mishra Nimai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, and I) have been prominent materials in the last few years due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) for light‐emitting diodes and other significant applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. In colloidal CsPbX3 synthesis, the most commonly used ligands are oleic acid and oleylamine. The latter plays an important role in surface passivation but may also be responsible for poor colloidal stability as a result of facile proton exchange leading to the formation of labile oleylammonium halide, which pulls halide ions out of the NC surface. Herein, a facile, efficient, completely amine‐free synthesis of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals using hydrobromic acid as halide source and tri‐n‐octylphosphane as ligand under open‐atmospheric conditions is demonstrated. Hydrobromic acid serves as labile source of bromide ion, and thus this three‐precursor approach (separate precursors for Cs, Pb, Br) gives more control than a conventional single‐source precursor for Pb and Br (PbBr2). The use of HBr paved the way to eliminate oleylamine, and thus the formation of labile oleylammonium halide can be completely excluded. Various Cs:Pb:Br molar ratios were studied and optimum conditions for making very stable CsPbBr3 NCs with high PLQY were found. These completely amine‐free CsPbBr3 perovskite NCs synthesized under bromine‐rich conditions exhibit good stability and durability for more than three months in the form of colloidal solutions and films, respectively. Furthermore, stable tunable emission across a wide spectral range through anion exchange was demonstrated. More importantly, this work reports open‐atmosphere‐stable CsPbBr3 NCs films exhibiting strong PL, which can be further used for optoelectronic device applications.
A Unified Approach to Phytosiderophore Natural Products
Authors: Kratena Nicolas , Gökler Tobias , Maltrovsky Lara , Oburger Eva , Stanetty Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work reports on the concise total synthesis of eight natural products of the mugineic acid and avenic acid families (phytosiderophores). An innovative „east‐to‐west“ assembly of the trimeric products resulted in a high degree of divergence enabling the formation of the final products in just 10 or 11 steps each with a minimum of overall synthetic effort. Chiral pool starting materials (l‐malic acid, threonines) were employed for the outer building blocks while the middle building blocks were accessed by diastereo‐ and enantioselective methods. A highlight of this work consists in the straightforward preparation of epimeric hydroxyazetidine amino acids, useful building blocks on their own, enabling the first synthesis of 3’’‐hydroxymugineic acid and 3’’‐hydroxy‐2’‐deoxymugineic acid.
Coproduction of EPA and Fucoxanthin with P. tricornutum – A Promising Approach for Up‐ and Downstream Processing
Authors: Derwenskus Felix , Schäfer Benjamin , Müller Jan , Frick Konstantin , Gille Andrea , Briviba Karlis , Schmid‐Staiger Ulrike , Hirth Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and fucoxanthin, a carotenoid, provide a broad variety of health benefits in human nutrition. In this study, an up‐ and downstream process for the coproduction of EPA and fucoxanthin using the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in flat‐panel airlift photobioreactors is proposed. The approach represents a promising alternative to conventional sources for both compounds, viz. marine fish and macroalgae. The productivity as well as the biomass‐specific product content were optimized during cultivation. Subsequently, both compounds were extracted, separated and purified using pressurized liquids.
Virion Display: A High‐Throughput Method to Express Functional Membrane Proteins
Authors: Syu Guan‐Da , Johansen Eric , Zhu Heng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransmembrane proteins are responsible for many critical cellular functions and represent one of the largest families of drug targets. However, these proteins, especially multipass transmembrane proteins, are difficult to study because they must be embedded in a lipid bilayer to maintain their native conformations. The development of the virion display (VirD) technology enables transmembrane proteins to be integrated into the viral envelope of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1). Combining high‐throughput cloning, expression, and purification techniques, VirD technology has been applied to the largest set of human transmembrane proteins, namely G‐protein‐coupled receptors, and has allowed the identification of interactions that are both specific and functional. This article describes the procedures to integrate an open reading frame for any transmembrane protein into the HSV‐1 genome and produce recombinant HSV‐1 virus to ultimately generate pure VirD virions for biological and pharmaceutical studies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Gateway cloning of transmembrane proteinsSupport Protocol 1: Ethanol precipitation of bacterial artificial chromosomal DNASupport Protocol 2: Preparation of competent cellsBasic Protocol 2: Production of recombinant HSV‐1 virions
Farmers' awareness of eco‐efficiency and cleaner production as environmental responsibility: Lithuanian case
Authors: Vilkė Rita , Gedminaitė‐Raudonė Živilė , Baležentis Tomas , Štreimikienė Dalia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to disclose farmers' awareness of environmental responsibility in terms of eco‐efficiency and cleaner production in the post‐soviet bloc. Theoretical modeling and survey methods were applied. Original empirical data were collected in Lithuanian farms in 2019. The results demonstrate that the patterns of farmers' environmental responsibility are diverse when taking into account farm's characteristics (e.g., size, years in operation, type of farming) and demographic farmer's characteristics (e.g., age, gender, education). The major share of Lithuanian farmers stated eco‐efficiency and cleaner production characteristics being important factors regarding purchasing decisions of farm equipment and machinery. These factors appeared along with other environmental responsibility characteristics. At the same time, research elucidated the gaps of Lithuanian farmers' environmental responsibility and accordingly relevant policy implications are proposed.
Characterization of soil microbes associated with a grazing‐tolerant grass species, Stipa breviflora, in the Inner Mongolian desert steppe
Authors: Chen Lingling , Saixi Yala , Yi Ru , Baoyin Taogetao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough soil microbial communities are central in ecosystem functioning, we know little of their characterization for those associated with grazing‐tolerant host plant species in grassland ecosystems in response to grazing. In this study, we used a high‐throughput sequencing approach to characterize soil microbes from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of grazing‐tolerant grass species, Stipa breviflora, in the Inner Mongolian desert steppe. We found that response mechanisms of soil bacteria distinct from fungal communities, and variance also occur between the rhizosphere and bulk soil communities under long‐term grazing. Soil fungal communities and the co‐occurrence networks in S. breviflora rhizosphere were more sensitive to long‐term grazing than bacteria. We reveal that rhizosphere effects and soil water content were the main drivers of the changes in fungal communities and their co‐occurrence networks. Moreover, the dominant bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and fungal phyla Ascomycota and Glomeromycota might participate in regulating processes of S. breviflora's response to grazing. Overall, these findings give new snapshots of mechanisms of how grazing affects soil microbial communities, in an attempt to contribute to a clearer understanding of grazing‐tolerant mechanism of S. breviflora.
Swollen heart in COVID‐19 patients who progress to critical illness: a perspective from echo‐cardiologists
Authors: Liu Yingxian , Xie Jinjie , Gao Peng , Tian Ran , Qian Hao , Guo Fan , Yan Xiaowei , Song Yanjun , Chen Wei , Fang Ligang , Wu Wei , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsCardiac complications are common and associated with mortality in critically ill patients with COVID‐19; however, the diagnostic and prognostic implications of critical care echocardiography (CCE) have not been studied.Methods and resultsA cohort of 43 patients with COVID‐19 who were in the intensive care unit (ICU) underwent bedside CCE during their disease course. Demographic, clinical, and survival data were collected. The echocardiographic analyses revealed high frequencies of pericardial effusion (90.7%), increased left ventricular mass index (60.5%), elevated relative wall thickness (76.7%), and reduced left ventricular stroke volume index (LVSVi; 53.5%) and cardiac index (51.2%). Twenty‐two (51.2%) patients died in the ICU. In multivariate Cox regression, the strongest predictor of in‐ICU death was decreased cardiac index [hazard ratio (HR), 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45–0.98; P = 0.041], after adjusting for male sex, shock status, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide. Negative associations with mortality were observed for LVSVi (HR, 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.96; P = 0.002), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (HR, 0.74, 95% CI 0.64–0.84; P < 0.001), and S′ (HR, 0.78, 95% CI 0.69–0.88; P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated that reductions in LVSVi, cardiac index, TAPSE, and S′ were associated with a shorter survival time.ConclusionsPericardial effusion and increased ventricular mass in COVID‐19 might indicate a swollen heart. Both left and right heart dysfunction and a reduced cardiac index may lead to an increased risk of mortality. Clinicians should pay special attention to cardiac haemodynamic disorders in critical patients with COVID‐19.
Prescription of exercises for the treatment of chronic pain along the continuum of nociplastic pain: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Ferro Moura Franco Katherinne , Lenoir Dorine , dos Santos Franco Yuri Rafael , Jandre Reis Felipe José , Nunes Cabral Cristina Maria , Meeus Mira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo compare different exercise prescriptions for patients with chronic pain along the continuum of nociplastic pain: fibromyalgia, chronic whiplash‐associated disorders (CWAD), and chronic idiopathic neck pain (CINP).Databases and Data TreatmentRandomized controlled trials comparing different exercise parameters were included. The search was performed in the databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PEDro. Data on the parameters for the physical exercise programs for pain management were extracted for analysis.ResultsFifty studies with 3,562 participants were included. For fibromyalgia, both aerobic strengthening exercises were similar and better than stretching exercises alone. Exercises could be performed in 50‐ to 60‐min supervised sessions, 2 to 3 times a week, for 13 weeks or more. For CWAD, body awareness exercises were similar to combined exercises, and there was no difference in adding sling exercises to a strengthening exercise program. The exercises could be performed in 90‐min supervised sessions, twice a week, for 10 to 16 weeks. For CINP, motor control exercises and nonspecific muscle strengthening had a similar effect. Exercises could be performed in 30‐ to 60‐min supervised sessions, 2 to 3 times a week, for 7 to 12 weeks.ConclusionsThe choice of parameters regarding exercises should emphasize global exercises in nociplastic pain conditions (such as fibromyalgia and CWAD) and specific exercises in non‐nociplastic pain conditions (such as CINP) and be based on patient's preference and therapist's skills.Prospero registration numberCRD42019123271.SignificanceThe pain mechanism must be considered to optimize exercise prescription in patients with different chronic pain profiles. The main message of this article is that low to moderate intensity global exercises performed for a long period of treatment should be performed in patients with nociplastic pain predominance. Additionally, focused and intense exercises for a short period of treatment can be prescribed for patients with nociceptive pain predominance.
Electrochemical Mechanisms in Potentiometric Phosphate Sensing Using Pure Cobalt, Molybdenum and their Alloy for Environmental Applications
Authors: Zeitoun Reem , Biswas Asim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is ubiquitous in the environment, but its measurement is costly and time‐consuming. Sensor‐based measurement shows potential, but selection of right metal remains the major challenge due to strong P species dependence on pH. This study examined the feasibility of pure cobalt, molybdenum, and their electrodeposited alloy, Co63Mo42 (wt %), as phosphate sensors. The cobalt, molybdenum and alloy exhibited mixed potential, Nernst potential, and oxidation‐reduction (red‐ox) mechanisms, respectively. Alloy showed good selectivity over a wide pH range, but high limit of detection and long response time (8–14 minutes). Yet, alloy provides a new opportunity for improving electrochemical phosphate sensors.
Sustainable development of livestock and poultry scale‐breeding based on integration control of resource losses and external environmental costs
Authors: He Zhengtao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntensive livestock and poultry breeding can supply meat products and increase farmers' income. However, it may cause high resource losses (RL) and environmental deterioration if its wastes are not handled correctly. Therefore, sustainable development of scale‐breeding industry is very important. In this article, the sustainable development mechanism of livestock and poultry scale breeding was analyzed from the perspective of joint control of RL and external environmental costs (EEC). Further, the estimated models of EEC and RL were built and the sustainable development conditions were discussed. Correspondingly, the internal driving force and external constraining force for the scale‐breeding sustainable development were analyzed empirically. The results show that based on the empirical analysis the production activities of all sample farms result in EEC and RL. All sample farms are in profitable state with traditional profit analysis method. If resource consumption and environment effects are considered, the actual profits of most farms decreased greatly. After some measures are taken to control EEC and RL, the number of farms under deficit decreased and the profit of many farms increase by more than 20%. The number of farms in the sustainable development conditions rises by 30%. The joint control of RL and EEC is an effective way to facilitate the sustainability of scale‐breeding industry.