bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FIN-Seq: transcriptional profiling of specific cell types from frozen archived tissue of the human central nervous system
Authors: Amamoto Ryoji , Zuccaro Emanuela , Curry Nathan C , Khurana Sonia , Chen Hsu-Hsin , Cepko Constance L , Arlotta Paola 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThousands of frozen, archived tissue samples from the human central nervous system (CNS) are currently available in brain banks. As recent developments in RNA sequencing technologies are beginning to elucidate the cellular diversity present within the human CNS, it is becoming clear that an understanding of this diversity would greatly benefit from deeper transcriptional analyses. Single cell and single nucleus RNA profiling provide one avenue to decipher this heterogeneity. An alternative, complementary approach is to profile isolated, pre-defined cell types and use methods that can be applied to many archived human tissue samples that have been stored long-term. Here, we developed FIN-Seq (Frozen Immunolabeled Nuclei Sequencing), a method that accomplishes these goals. FIN-Seq uses immunohistochemical isolation of nuclei of specific cell types from frozen human tissue, followed by bulk RNA-Sequencing. We applied this method to frozen postmortem samples of human cerebral cortex and retina and were able to identify transcripts, including low abundance transcripts, in specific cell types.
Lipids at the plant–animal interface: a stable isotope labelling method to evaluate the assimilation of essential fatty acids in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: Helenius Laura , Budge Suzanne , Duerksen Steven , Devred Emmanuel , Johnson Catherine L 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLinking production, transfer and subsequent bioavailability of nutritionally significant matter from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels is a fundamental aspect in understanding marine food webs. The plant–animal interface is of interest because of the highly variable transfer between producers and consumers, and the myriad of factors that influence it. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are dietary nutrients that are necessary for normal function in all consumers, yet it remains unclear how efficiently they are transferred through marine food webs. We introduced a 13C-labelled carbon source to the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina to quantify primary production of two omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We investigated transfer and assimilation efficiencies of these EFAs from phytoplankton to the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus in an 8-day feeding experiment. We found low production of both EFAs in R. salina. Assimilation efficiencies of both EFAs ranged from 5 to 15% throughout the experiment, remaining slightly higher on average for DHA. This was mirrored in more efficient trophic transfer of DHA (up to 28%, compared to 13% for EPA). These results add to previously scarce experiments empirically quantifying the assimilation and transfer efficiency of EFAs in a basic marine planktonic food chain.
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: understanding the disease and its management
Authors: Trivioli Giorgio , Terrier Benjamin , Vaglio Augusto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by asthma, blood and tissue eosinophilia and small-vessel vasculitis. The clinical presentation is variable, but two main clinic-pathologic subsets can be distinguished: one hallmarked by positive ANCA and predominant ‘vasculitic’ manifestations (e.g. glomerulonephritis, purpura and mononeuritis multiplex) and the other by negative ANCA and prominent ‘eosinophilic’ manifestations (e.g. lung infiltrates and cardiomyopathy). The pathogenesis is not fully understood but probably results from the interplay between T and B cells and eosinophils. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis must be differentiated from several conditions, including hypereosinophilic syndromes and other small-vessel vasculitides. The overall survival is good; however, patients frequently relapse and have persistent symptoms. The recently developed monoclonal antibodies targeting B cells and eosinophilopoietic cytokines such as IL-5 are emerging as valid alternatives to conventional immunosuppressive therapies. In this review, we discuss the essential features of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, with particular respect to the most relevant issues concerning clinical presentation and management.
High-Throughput Screening to Evaluate Inhibition of Bile Acid Transporters Using Human Hepatocytes Isolated From Chimeric Mice
Authors: Kohara Hiroshi , Bajaj Piyush , Yamanaka Kazunori , Miyawaki Akimitsu , Harada Kosuke , Miyamoto Kazumasa , Matsui Toshikatsu , Okai Yoshiko , Wagoner Matthew , Shinozawa Tadahiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cholestasis resulting from hepatic bile acid efflux transporter inhibition may contribute to drug-induced liver injury (DILI). This condition is a common safety-related reason for drug attrition and withdrawal. To screen for safety risks associated with efflux transport inhibition, we developed a high-throughput cellular assay for different drug discovery phases. Hepatocytes isolated from chimeric mice with humanized livers presented gene expression resembling that of the human liver and demonstrated apical membrane polarity when sandwiched between Matrigel and collagen. The fluorescent bile acid-derivative cholyl-l-lysyl-fluorescein (CLF) was used to quantify drug-induced efflux transport inhibition in hepatocytes. Cyclosporine inhibited CLF accumulation in the apical bile canalicular lumen in a concentration-dependent manner. The assay had equivalent predictive power to a primary human hepatocyte-based assay and greater predictive power than an assay performed with rat hepatocytes. Predictive power was tested using 45 pharmaceutical compounds, and 91.3% of the compounds with cholestatic potential (21/23) had margins (IC50/Cmax) &lt; 20. In contrast, 90.9% (20/22) of compounds without cholestatic potential had IC50/Cmax&gt;20. Assay sensitivity and specificity were 91.3% and 90.9%, respectively. We suggest that this improved assay performance could result from higher expression of efflux transporters, metabolic pathways, and/or species differences. Given the long-term supply of cells from the same donor, the humanized mouse-derived hepatocyte-based CLF efflux assay could be a valuable tool for predicting cholestatic DILI.
Effects of Adding Oxycodone to Ropivacaine on Labor Analgesia
Authors: Zhong Heying Y. , Yang Zeyong Y. , Zhang Wangping , Cai Shu 
Published: November 2019

Background:
It has been reported that oxycodone is superior to the other opioids for the treatment of visceral pain. During the first stage of labor, pain is mainly caused by uterine contractions (visceral pain). It seems that oxycodone is more suitable for labor analgesia. During this study, we investigated the effects of adding oxycodone to ropivacaine on epidural analgesia during labor.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty nulliparous parturients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A received 0.2 mg/mL oxycodone plus 0.1% ropivacaine for epidural analgesia and group C (control group) received 0.1% ropivacaine alone for epidural analgesia. The onset time and duration of analgesia, duration of labor stages, delivery outcome, analgesic effect, Bromage scores, blood pressure, heart rate, and neonatal Apgar scores were recorded. Umbilical arterial blood was collected to analyze. Side effects, if any, were also recorded.

Results:
The visual analog scale of pain was lower at 2 and 4 hours after analgesia and 10 cm cervical dilatation in group A compared with group C (P=0.021, 0.018, and 0.009, respectively). The onset time of analgesia was shorter in group A than that in group C (13.3±2.8 vs. 14.9±3.6 min, P=0.032). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the duration of labor stages, delivery outcome, Bromage score, neonatal Apgar score, or umbilical arterial blood pH. The duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group A than in group C (326.2±56.5 vs. 68.4±10.5 min, P=0.000), but the incidence of pruritus was higher in group A than in group C (10% vs. 0%, P=0.115).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that epidural oxycodone may accelerate the onset of analgesia and obviously prolong the duration of analgesia during labor without increasing adverse effects associated with the neonate. However, it may cause a higher incidence of maternal pruritus (registration number: ChiCTR1800016483).
Illusion-enhanced Virtual Reality Exercise for Neck Pain
Authors: Harvie Daniel S. , Smith Ross T. , Moseley G. Lorimer , Meulders Ann , Michiels Bart , Sterling Michele 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
Body illusions have shown promise in treating some chronic pain conditions. We hypothesized that neck exercises performed in virtual reality (VR) with visual feedback of rotation amplified would reduce persistent neck pain.

Methods:
In a multiple-baseline replicated single case series, 8 blinded individuals with persistent neck pain completed a 4-phase intervention (initial n=12, 4 dropouts): (1) “baseline”; (2) “VR” during which participants performed rotation exercises in VR with no manipulation of visual feedback; (3) “VR enhanced” during which identical exercises were performed but visual feedback overstated the range of motion being performed; (4) “follow-up.” Primary outcomes were twice-daily measures of pain-free range of motion and pain intensity. During the baseline and follow-up phases, measures were taken but no intervention took place.

Results:
No differences in primary outcomes were found between VR and baseline, VR enhanced and VR, or VR enhanced and follow-up.

Discussion:
Our hypothesis, that neck exercises performed in VR with visual feedback of rotation amplified, would reduce persistent neck pain was not supported. Possible explanations and future directions are discussed.
Do socioeconomic factors play a role in nonadherence to follow-up colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test in the Flemish colorectal cancer screening programme?
Authors: Hoeck S. , van de Veerdonk W. , De Brabander I. 
Published: November 2019

Objective
In Flanders (Belgium), a population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme was started in 2013, coordinated by the Centre for Cancer Detection (CCD) in cooperation with the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR). The CCD offers a biennial faecal immunochemical test (FIT) to Flemish citizens aged 56–74 years and recommends a colonoscopy when screened positive by FIT. The study objective is to investigate sociodemographic differences in follow-up colonoscopy adherence after a positive FIT.

Methods
Characteristics of the study population were derived by linkage of data from the CCD and BCR, linked with data of the Intermutualistic Agency and the Crossroads Bank for Social Security, resulting in aggregated tables to ensure anonymity. A total of 37 834 men and women aged 56–74 years with a positive FIT in 2013–2014 were included. Adherence to follow-up colonoscopy was calculated for age, sex, work intensity at household level, preferential reimbursement status, and first and current nationality. Descriptive analyses and logistic regressions were performed.

Results
Nonadherence to follow-up colonoscopy was associated with increasing age, and was significantly higher in men [odds ratio (OR), 1.08], participants with a preferential reimbursement status (OR, 1.34), very low work intensity (OR, 1.41), no payed work (OR, 1.38) and other than Belgian nationality by birth (OR, 1.6–4.66).

Conclusion
Adherence to follow-up colonoscopy after a positive FIT differs according to sociodemographic variables. Additional research is needed to explore reasons for nonadherence to colonoscopy and tackle barriers by exploring interventions to increase colonoscopy follow-up adherence after a positive FIT in the Flemish colorectal cancer screening programme.
Inattention and Hyperactivity in Children with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Topham Jonathan D. , Miller Jerry A. , Wright Garry W. , Turcich Marie , Vinson Sherry S. , Iovino Isabella , Voigt Robert G. , Demmler-Harrison Gail ,   On behalf of the Houston Congenital Cytomegalovirus Longitudinal Study Group
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objectives:
To explore the relationship between congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) and inattention and hyperactivity among school-aged children.

Methods:
The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, parent- and self-report, was completed among children with symptomatic congenital CMV (ScCMV) (n = 36), asymptomatic congenital CMV (AcCMV) (n = 76), and controls (n = 29) enrolled in a longitudinal cohort. The proportions of children with ScCMV, AcCMV, and controls with Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores ever ≥ 65 were compared. Mean T-scores in these domains were also compared and adjusted for IQ.

Results:
Children with AcCMV did not differ from controls in the proportion of children with elevated Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores or in mean Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores. Children with ScCMV had a higher proportion of elevated Attention Problems T-scores compared with the AcCMV group but not controls. There were no differences in the proportions of children with elevated Hyperactivity T-scores between ScCMV and AcCMV or control groups. Children with ScCMV had higher mean Attention Problems T-scores versus those with AcCMV and controls and higher mean Hyperactivity T-scores versus those with AcCMV but not controls. After adjustment for IQ, differences in mean Attention Problems or Hyperactivity T-scores were no longer significant.

Conclusion:
Children with AcCMV are not at increased risk of inattention or hyperactivity compared with controls. However, our study suggests an increased prevalence of inattention and hyperactivity among children with ScCMV. Differences in IQ were confirmed to have a confounding effect. Evaluation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be warranted in this population.
Within-city Spatial Variations in Ambient Ultrafine Particle Concentrations and Incident Brain Tumors in Adults
Authors: Weichenthal Scott , Olaniyan Toyib , Christidis Tanya , Lavigne Eric , Hatzopoulou Marianne , Van Ryswyk Keith , Tjepkema Michael , Burnett Rick 
Published: November 2019

Background:Ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs, <0.1 µm) can reach the human brain, but to our knowledge, epidemiologic studies have yet to evaluate the relation between UFPs and incident brain tumors.Methods:We conducted a cohort study of within-city spatial variations in ambient UFPs across Montreal and Toronto, Canada, among 1.9 million adults included in multiple cycles of the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006). UFP exposures (3-year moving averages) were assigned to residential locations using land-use regression models with exposures updated to account for residential mobility within and between cities. We followed cohort members for malignant brain tumors (ICD-10 codes C71.0–C71.9) between 2001 and 2016; Cox proportional hazards models (stratified by age, sex, immigration status, and census cycle) were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for fine particle mass concentrations (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and various sociodemographic factors.Results:In total, we identified 1,400 incident brain tumors during the follow-up period. Each 10,000/cm3increase in UFPs was positively associated with brain tumor incidence (HR = 1.112, 95% CI = 1.042, 1.188) after adjusting for PM2.5, NO2, and sociodemographic factors. Applying an indirect adjustment for cigarette smoking and body mass index strengthened this relation (HR = 1.133, 95% CI = 1.032, 1.245). PM2.5and NO2were not associated with an increased incidence of brain tumors.Conclusions:Ambient UFPs may represent a previously unrecognized risk factor for incident brain tumors in adults. Future studies should aim to replicate these results given the high prevalence of UFP exposures in urban areas.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated Hemoglobin Levels, and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Uribe-Heredia Giovanna , Arroyo-Espliguero Ramón , Viana-Llamas María Carmen , Piccone-Saponara Luis Guillermo , Álvaro-Fernández Henar , García-Magallón Belén , Torán-Martínez Claudio , Silva-Obregón Alberto , Izquierdo-Alonso José Luis 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with long-term cardiovascular complications, including ischemic heart disease (IHD). Nonetheless, DM may directly impair myocardial and lung structure and function. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of type 2 DM (T2DM) and glycemic control on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in patients with IHD.

Methods:
The study involved a cross-sectional analysis of 91 consecutive patients (57 ± 10 yr, 90% men) who underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test at the beginning of an exercise-based standard phase-II cardiac rehabilitation program, 2 to 3 mo after an acute coronary syndrome. Association of T2DM with cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters was assessed using multiple linear regression analysis controlling for prespecified potential confounders.

Results:
There were 26 (29%) diabetic subjects among IHD patients included in the study. After adjustment, T2DM was an independent predictor of a reduced peak oxygen uptake (

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2peak) (P = .005), a reduced pulse O2 trajectory (P = .001), a steeper minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (VE/

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2) slope (P = .046), and an increased dead space-to-tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) at peak exercise (P = .049). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were significantly associated with a reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) (P = .013), VE (P = .001), and VT (P = .007).

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2peak (P trend < .001),

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2 at anaerobic threshold (P trend < .001), and pulse O2 trajectory (P trend < .001) decreased among HbA1c tertiles.

Conclusions:
Patients with IHD and a previous diagnosis of T2DM had a reduced aerobic capacity and a ventilation- perfusion mismatch compared with nondiabetic patients. Poor glycemic control in men further deteriorates aerobic capacity probably due to ventilatory inefficiency.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Indications and Special Considerations
Authors: Benson Nicole M. , Seiner Stephen J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-tolerated, well-established, and efficacious treatment in adults, particularly in the setting of severe mood and psychotic disorders. In children and adolescents, however, ECT is infrequently administered and likely underutilized. Results from older studies evaluating the utility of ECT in children and adolescents were mixed, but recent studies have supported ECT treatment success in these patients, with particularly high response rates for treating depression. In this Perspectives, we discuss the current clinical indications for ECT in managing mood and psychotic disorders in children and adolescents. We then review the pretreatment evaluation and management of patients receiving ECT and examine the efficacy of ECT for those indications. We also address issues unique to children and adolescents, versus adults, that need to be considered when determining whether treatment with ECT is appropriate for a patient in this age group. Included in this context are the distinct side-effect profile in children and adolescents, ethical issues regarding informed consent, incorporating the child into the decision-making process when developmentally appropriate, and the need to take into account differing state jurisdictional processes.
Pterygium Is Related to Short Axial Length
Authors: Zhang Li Mei , Lu Yang , Gong Lan 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To test the hypothesis that pterygium presents with both refractive and anatomical changes, especially short axial length.

Methods:
A retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional study included 521 eyes from 521 patients who were enrolled through a community survey by Shanghai Heping Eye Hospital was conducted. Patients with primary pterygium in at least 1 eye were considered the pterygium group, and those with normal eyes were considered the nonpterygium group. The prevalence and length of pterygium, refractive characteristics including spherical power, astigmatism, corneal curvature, and anatomical parameters including axial length, anterior chamber depth, endothelial cell density, and corneal thickness were compared between groups.

Results:
Five hundred twenty-one eyes of 521 patients (214 men and 307 women) with a mean age of 70.5 ± 7.6 years were included in the study. The prevalence of hyperopia (81.6%, 65.1%, P = 0.001), axial length (23.1 ± 1.2 mm, 24.2 ± 2.4 mm, P < 0.001), anterior chamber depth (2.9 ± 0.3 cm, 3.1 ± 0.4 cm, P = 0.001), flat K value (42.94 ± 2.16 diopters, 43.73 ± 1.48 diopters, P = 0.002), Kmax (51.13 ± 7.74 diopters, 47.49 ± 5.62 diopters, P < 0.001), and spherical power (0.97 ± 2.40 diopters, −0.82 ± 4.40 diopters, P < 0.001) were statistically different between the pterygium and nonpterygium groups. Age (r = −0.21, P = 0.025), corneal astigmatism (r = −0.41, P < 0.001), flat K value (r = −0.39, P < 0.001), and endothelial cell density (r = −0.33, P = 0.001) were all negatively correlated with the length of pterygium. The prevalence of pterygium and severe pterygium over 3 mm were statistically different according to the severity of hyperopia (P < 0.001) and axial length (P < 0.001). Stratified χ2 analysis showed that axial length, rather than hyperopia, was a related factor to pterygium (odds ratio = 5.23, 95% confidence interval: 2.50–10.93).

Conclusions:
We conclude from our study that the prevalence of pterygium is related to small eye size. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling may play a vital role in pterygium and shorter axial length. Further study focused on SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling will be needed.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Enhance the Amoebicidal Effect of Low Concentration of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide by Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: Quan Fu-Shi , Lee Hae-Ahm , Kong Hyun-Hee , Moon Eun-Kyung 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to reduce the cytotoxicity and improve the amoebicidal effect of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) at low concentrations by combining it with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors.

Methods:
To reduce the cytotoxic effect on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, the concentration of PHMB was reduced to 0.0002%. To enhance the amoebicidal effect of PHMB, HDAC inhibitors such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, MS275, or MC1568 were combined with it. Acanthamoeba and HCE cells were treated with 3 combinations to evaluate the amoebicidal and cytotoxic effects. Microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis were performed to investigate the apoptotic cell death of Acanthamoeba by these combinatorial treatments.

Results:
The low concentration of PHMB (0.0002%) alone demonstrated no cytopathic effects (CPEs) on HCE cells. Three combinatorial treatments using 0.0002% PHMB with 10 μM suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, 10 μM MS275, or 10 μM MC1568 showed higher amoebicidal effects on A. castellanii trophozoites than PHMB alone. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis confirmed that HDAC inhibitors increased the apoptotic cell death of Acanthamoeba. Mild CPEs were observed from HCE cells cotreated with PHMB and the HDAC inhibitors after 24 hours of exposure.

Conclusions:
Combinatorial treatments showed high amoebicidal effects on Acanthamoeba and low CPEs on HCE cells, which suggests their potential application for Acanthamoeba keratitis treatment.