bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De la iniciación al manejo tolerado de tecnologías. La competencia digital de los estudiantes madrileños antes de la educación secundaria
Authors: Paredes-Labra Joaquín , Freitas Ada , Sánchez-Antolín Pablo 
Published: December 2019

En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados en competencia digital de los estudiantes de la comunidad de Madrid (España) de último curso de educación primaria (11 años) en centros que facilitan la inmersión en tecnología (OLPC). Los estudiantes participaron en la resolución de una prueba organizada al efecto, de ámbito nacional, dividida en cinco bloques, tantos como dimensiones del concepto de competencia digital manejado. Entre los resultados se observa un bajo dominio en prácticamente las cinco dimensiones, en concreto algunos aspectos de la búsqueda de información, creación de contenidos y resolución de problemas con los dispositivos. Estos resultados hacen plantearse las dificultades de estos estudiantes para enfrentarse al manejo tolerado de dispositivos tecnológicos en su vida cotidiana el próximo curso académico, cuando accedan a educación secundaria.
This paper analyzes the results of the digital competence of students from Madrid (Spain) of the last course of primary school (about 11 years old) through immersion technology programs in education such the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) initiative. The students answered a national test organized for this purpose, divided into five sections that correspond to the dimensions of the conceptualization of digital competence. Among the results, there is a low level of mastery of digital competence in all five dimensions, especially a few aspects of information search, content creation and problem-solving through devices. These results raise the difficulties of these students to face the tolerated use of technological devices in their daily lives for the next educational stage in secondary school or high school.
Los valores de la Economía Social como impulsores del cambio en clústeres con fuerte fragmentación del conocimiento: el caso de la caña de azúcar de Veracruz (México)
Authors: Gallego Bono Juan Ramón , Tapia Baranda María Rosario 
Published: December 2019

La literatura evolucionista sobre innovación tecnológica se ha desarrollado bastante independientemente de la investigación sobre innovación social. El presente artículo intentará evidenciar que en los clústeres de América Latina la innovación social constituye una precondición para poner en valor los conocimientos locales. Este reconocimiento permite enfrentar la tensión dialéctica fragmentación/integración del conocimiento existente en estos clústeres. Se esboza un marco teórico evolucionista en el que la innovación social, y en especial los nuevos valores, constituyen el vehículo de la entrada en escena de los motores de la transformación sectorial y territorial en los clústeres agroindustriales: nuevos actores, nuevas competencias y nuevas relaciones. Con este marco conceptual, se analiza la dinámica del clúster de la caña de azúcar sobre la base de una metodología cualitativa basada esencialmente en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad.La producción de caña de azúcar es el motor económico de la región del centro de Veracruz (México). Pero la fuerte integración vertical del sector y la fragmentación del conocimiento en el clúster azucarero han contribuido a la rápida descomposición social de la región y a la acentuación de la violencia y la exclusión social. En este contexto, se mostrará el papel de los valores de la economía social en la renovación de las actividades y en la reorganización local de la cadena de valor con una orientación hacia un desarrollo más sostenible. Todo ello, de la mano de la irrupción de nuevas empresas (PYMES) portadoras de nuevas visiones, planteamientos y competencias que desafían las posiciones establecidas.
DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN CORPUS ORAL MULTIDIALECTAL. EL CORPUS AMERESCO
Authors: Carcelén Guerrero Andrea , Uclés Ramada Gloria 
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se describe el protocolo que se ha seguido para la construcción del corpus Ameresco (América Español Coloquial). La recopilación de un corpus multidialectal presenta una serie de retos. Por una parte, la gestión de un gran número de equipos externos requiere un proyecto que metodológicamente sea sólido. Por otra parte, la metodología debe ser coherente con los objetivos del proyecto y con los parámetros esenciales en el diseño de corpus como es establecer las características de las grabaciones, el sistema de transcripción y etiquetado y aspectos relacionados con la anonimización de datos sensibles. Todas estas cuestiones deben provenir de una decisión razonada que garantice que el corpus cumpla con unos estándares de calidad aceptables por la comunidad científica.
Statistical evaluation of Q factors of fabricated photonic crystal nanocavities designed by using a deep neural network
Authors: Nakadai Masahiro , Tanaka Kengo , Asano Takashi , Takahashi Yasushi , Noda Susumu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Photonic crystal (PC) nanocavities with ultra-high quality (Q) factors and small modal volumes enable advanced photon manipulations, such as photon trapping. In order to improve the Q factors of such nanocavities, we have recently proposed a cavity design method based on machine learning. Here, we experimentally compare nanocavities designed by using a deep neural network with those designed by the manual approach that enabled a record value. Thirty air-bridge-type two-dimensional PC nanocavities are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrates, and their photon lifetimes are measured. The realized median Q factor increases by about one million by adopting the machine-learning-based design approach.
Different distant metastasis patterns based on tumor size could be found in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients: a large, population-based SEER study
Authors: Li Jia , Liu Feng , Yu Haining , Zhao Chenglong , Li Zhenxiang , Wang Haiyong 
Published: December 2019

Background
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant cancer with the ability to metastasize quickly. The relationship between tumor size and the distant metastasis patterns of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC) has not been reported.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the different distant metastasis patterns as they related to tumor size in ES-SCLC.

Patients and Methods
We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data collected from 2010 through 2013 to identify 11058 ES-SCLC patients with definite evidence of distant metastases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to demonstrate the association between tumor size and distant metastasis patterns including bone, liver, brain, and lung metastases. Age, race, sex, and N stage were also selected in the logistic regression model.

Results
Subtle differences in metastasis patterns were found among patients based on different tumor sizes. Patients with tumors 3–7 cm have a higher risk of bone metastasis compared with those that have tumors ≤3 cm (OR 1.165, 95% CI [1.055–1.287], P = 0.003) and patients with tumors ≥7 cm have a higher risk of lung metastasis (OR 1.183, 95% CI [1.039–1.347], P = 0.011). In addition, patients with tumors ≥7 cm had a lower risk of brain metastasis and liver metastasis than patients with tumors ≤3 cm (OR 0.799, 95% CI [0.709–0.901], P < 0.001; OR 0.747, 95% CI [0.672–0.830], P < 0.001). Interestingly, there was no correlation between a larger tumor and a higher risk of metastasis. However, the tumor metastasis pattern did have some correlation with age, gender, race and N-status.

Conclusion
The pattern of distant metastasis of ES-SCLC is related to the tumor size and the tumor size is indicative of the metastatic site. Larger tumor sizes did not correlate with a higher risk of distant metastasis, but the size is related to the pattern of distant metastasis. The study of different distant metastasis patterns based on tumor size and other clinical features (e.g., age, race, sex, and N stage) in ES-SCLC is clinically valuable.
Comprehensive analysis of hazard of ultraviolet radiation emitted during arc welding of cast iron
Authors: Takahashi Jyunya , Nakashima Hitoshi , Fujii Nobuyuki , Okuno Tsutomu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emitted during arc welding frequently causes keratoconjunctivitis and skin erythema. The extent of the hazard of UVR varies depending on the welding process and conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the levels of UVR present under different conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of hazard of UVR emitted by the different types of arc welding of cast iron frequently used in industry.

Methods
In this study, we experimentally measured the UVR emitted during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of cast iron. The degree of hazard of UVR was quantitatively evaluated in accordance with the guidelines of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

Results
Effective irradiances measured in this study were in the range 0.045-2.2 mW/cm2 at a distance of 500 mm from the welding arc. The maximum allowable exposure times corresponding to these levels were only 1.4-67 s/day.

Conclusions
UVR emitted during arc welding of cast iron has the following characteristics: (a) It is more hazardous at higher welding currents. (b) The magnitude of the hazard, which depends on the welding process, increases in the order of GMAW &gt; SMAW &gt; GTAW. (c) It is influenced by the filler material used; that is, the components contained in the filler material affect the hazard of UVR. The effect is Fe &gt; Ni, Cr
Programmed ubiquitin acetylation using genetic code expansion reveals altered ubiquitination patterns
Authors: Lacoursiere Rachel E. , O’Donoghue Patrick , Shaw Gary S. 
Published: December 2019

Ubiquitination is a post‐translational modification (PTM) capable of being regulated by other PTMs, including acetylation. However, the biological consequences of acetylated ubiquitin (acUb) variants are poorly understood, due to their transient nature in vivo and poor characterization in vitro. Since Ub is known to be acetylated in human cells, we produced all possible acUb variants using genetic code expansion. We also developed a protocol that optimizes acetyl‐lysine addition to minimize mistranslated proteins and maximize site‐specific acUb protein production. Purified acUb proteins were used in pilot ubiquitination assays and found to be competent with IpaH3CT and RNF8 E3 ligases. Overall, this work provides an optimized method to express and purify all acetyl‐lysine variants for ubiquitin and shows these proteins can be used to identify potential unique ubiquitination patterns.
Selection of prescription isodose line for brain metastases treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Yuan , Ma Pan , Xu Yingjie , Dai Jianrong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo exploit the optimal prescription isodose line (IDL) for brain metastases treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) as there is no consensus on the selection of IDL with VMAT.Methods and materialsEighteen patients with 20 brain tumors, who were treated with VMAT, were enrolled in this study. For each tumor of every patient, five plans were designed with IDL ranging from 50% to 90% in 10% increments. Different IDLs were obtained through adjusting the constraint parameters during planning optimization. Prescription dose (10 × 5 Gy) were identical for all plans, and the plans were compared in terms of gradient index (GI), conformity Index (CI), V26 Gy/VPTV, and V32 Gy/VPTV in normal brain tissue, which correlate to radiation necrosis.ResultsIDL with lowest GI has a median value of 60.0% (ranging from 50% to 80%). Except for one tumor with volume larger than 10 cc, the IDL with lowest GI varies from 50% to 70%, which depends on the shape of PTV, location, and whether the target volume is adjacent to crucial OAR. Moreover, there is no significant difference for CI with varying IDL plans. The average V26 Gy/VPTV and V32 Gy/VPTV in normal brain tissue 60% IDL plans are 27.3%, 31.7% lower than 90% IDL plans separately (P < 0.05). However, by further decreasing IDL from 60% to 50%, the average V26 Gy/VPTV and V32 Gy/VPTV may increase comparing with 60% IDL plans (P > 0.05). Furthermore, a lower IDL is found to result in higher mean dose to the target volume (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPlans using VMAT with PTV smaller than 10 cc tend to be optimal with IDL around 60–70% for lower GI, smaller V26 Gy/VPTV, V32 Gy/VPTV in normal brain tissue, and higher mean dose in tumor comparing with high IDL plans which have potential benefit in reducing risk of radiation necrosis and increasing the local control. However, IDL lower than 60% is not recommended for the disadvantage of increasing V26 Gy/VPTV and V32 Gy/VPTV in normal brain tissue.
Comparison of Physical Activity Measures Derived From the Fitbit Flex and the ActiGraph GT3X+ in an Employee Population With Chronic Knee Symptoms
Authors: Semanik Pamela , Lee Jungwha , Pellegrini Christine A. , Song Jing , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Chang Rowland W. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveWe examined the accuracy of data from an affordable personal monitor (Fitbit Flex) compared with that of data from a research‐grade accelerometer worn simultaneously for 7 days; high accuracy would support substitution with this less‐expensive personal activity monitor in future community‐based arthritis research.MethodsSubjects (N = 35) with chronic knee symptoms were recruited for a pilot intervention study using Fitbits to increase physical activity in employees with chronic knee symptoms at an urban corporation. Subjects simultaneously wore for 7 days a Fitbit Flex (wrist‐worn) and ActiGraph GT3X+ (waist‐worn). Fitbit Flex data were regularly stored on a research storage service (Fitabase) by participants. Bland–Altman plots were constructed to examine the agreement between the mean daily times spent in light activity and in bouted moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Comparisons were calculated by matching Fitabase data from calendar days the Fitbit was worn with data from valid monitoring days (greater than or equal to 10 hours wear time) of the ActiGraph.ResultsParticipants at baseline were mostly female (69%) and white (57%) and had a mean age of 52 years and body mass index of 32 kg/m2. Bland–Altman analyses indicated systematic bias overall (the Fitbit overestimated both light‐intensity activity and MVPA compared with the ActiGraph). The average error varied in magnitude and direction with changing activity amounts.ConclusionThe Fitbit Flex does not appear to be an adequate substitute for research‐grade accelerometry (which represents the gold standard for objective research monitoring of all physical activity intensity levels) in this population of persons with chronic knee symptoms.
A Photoetching‐After‐Growth Approach for the Synthesis of Nanocrystal Heterostructures Exhibiting Tunable Dual‐Band Emission
Authors: Lim Sung Jun , Kim Wonjung , Shin Seung Koo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduced herein is a new strategy for synthesizing sophisticated colloidal semiconductor nanostructures with targeted optical properties by combining a conventional colloidal growth (bottom‐up) process and a postgrowth photoetching (top‐down) process. To demonstrate the utility of such photoetching‐after‐growth approach, a complex quantum dot (QD)–quantum rod (QR) dual quantum‐confined domain nanocrystal heterostructure (NCH) is engineered which exhibits bright dual‐band emission precisely tunable in a broad visible region. (CdSe/CdS)/ZnS/CdSe QD/barrier/multi‐QR NCHs consisting of a single CdSe/CdS QD core and multiple CdSe QR branches with a wide‐bandgap ZnS barrier between them are prepared through a multistep colloidal growth. The as‐synthesized NCHs show a single emission band from QR; however, after photoetching, NCHs begin to display bright dual emission bands, a high‐energy emission band from QR in addition to the low‐energy emission band from QD. While the QD emission at 586 nm is determined by colloidal growth conditions, that of QR emission is precisely tunable in the 500–585 nm range by quantum‐size‐selective photoetching using a wavelength‐tunable laser. Notably, the QR emission bandwidth decreases to ≈20 nm, which is close to that of a single CdSe nanorod, emphasizing a significant quantum‐size‐focusing effect of the photoetching process.
Soft Crawling Robots: Design, Actuation, and Locomotion
Authors: Chen Shoue , Cao Yunteng , Sarparast Morteza , Yuan Hongyan , Dong Lixin , Tan Xiaobo , Cao Changyong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoft crawling robots have attracted great attention due to their anticipated effective interactions with humans and uncertain environments, as well as their potential capabilities of completing a variety of tasks encompassing search and rescue, infrastructure inspection, surveillance, drug delivery, and human assistance. Herein, a comprehensive survey on recent advances of soft crawling robots categorized by their major actuation mechanisms is provided, including pneumatic/hydraulic pressure, chemical reaction, and soft active material‐based actuations, which include dielectric elastomers, shape memory alloys, magnetoactive elastomers, liquid crystalline elastomers, piezoelectric materials, ionic polymer–metal composites, and twisted and coiled polymers. For each type of actuation, the prevalent modes of locomotion adopted in representative robots, the design, working principle and performance of their soft actuators, and the performance of each locomotion approach, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of each design are discussed. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art progresses and the critical knowledge in designing soft crawling robots and offers a guidance and insightful outlook for the future development of soft robots.
Quantum‐Dots Photosensor with Wide Bandgap P‐Type and N‐Type Oxide Semiconductors for High Detectivity and Responsivity
Authors: Kim Yoseob , Kim Jeonggi , Kim Hyo‐Min , Jang Jin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe photodiode is a promising architecture for photodetection because of its fast response and high external quantum efficiency (EQE). The photodiode requires high detectivity, responsivity, and low dark current for various applications. Here, a new structure of quantum‐dots (QD) photodiode is reported for ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, and red light sensing using a red QD layer between p‐type and n‐type metal‐oxide semiconductors. CdZnSeS/ZnS QD is used for photoabsorption with p‐type Cu2SnS3–Ga2O3 and n‐type Li doped ZnO (LZO) for carrier collection. The QD photodiode has a low dark current density of 2.08 nA cm−2 at −1 V leading to high rectification ratio of ≈105. The QD photodiode shows superior properties with responsivity of 0.258 A W−1 and detectivity of 1.00 × 1013 Jones at −1 V under green illumination. The rise and fall times of QD photodiode are 2.1 and 2.6 ms, respectively. The QD photodiode on a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate is also demonstrated, exhibiting stable characteristics under bending test of 20 000 cycles at a bending radius of 0.32 mm.
The encouraging improvement of polyamide nanofiltration membrane by cucurbituril‐based host–guest chemistry
Authors: Cao Xue‐Li , Guo Jia‐Lin , Cai Jing , Liu Mei‐Ling , Japip Susilo , Xing Weihong , Sun Shi‐Peng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe considerable performance enhancement of small molecule‐sieving nanofiltration membrane has been achieved by the functional combination between host–guest chemistry and interfacial polymerization (IP) for the first time in this work. First, the water‐insolubility of cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) was ameliorated by constructing host–guest complex (CB6‐PIP) with piperazine. Second, the incorporation of water‐soluble CB6‐PIP in the selective layer via IP leads to the generation of not only the enlarged conventional polyamide network tunnels but also rotaxane tunnels. Such enrichment of solvent transport tunnels contributes to an amazing pure water permeability of 15.5–25.4 Lm−2bar−1h−1, three times higher than that of traditional polyamide membranes, with a high R/MgSO4 of 99.5–92.5%, perfect SO42−/Cl− selectivity due to the electronegative contribution of CB6, as well as untapped potential in organic solvent nanofiltration. This work not only provides a fire‐new strategy to design new type of NF materials but also promotes the application of CBs in many other fields.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] and [2+4] Annulations of γ‐Methyl Allenoates with Aryl α‐Keto Esters: Stereoselective Syntheses of Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans and 4‐Chromanols
Authors: Qin Zifeng , Liu Rongfang , Zhou Rong , Li Ruifeng , He Zhengjie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] and [2+4] annulation reactions of γ‐methyl allenoates with aryl α‐keto esters are described. Under the catalysis of triarylphosphine, γ‐methyl allenoates participate in both the [3+2] annulation with aroylformates and [2+4] annulation with ortho‐hydroxy aroylformates smoothly to bring about functionalized tetrahydrofurans and 4‐chromanols, respectively, in moderate to excellent yields with high stereoselectivity. The reactions herein also represent rare successful examples of phosphine‐catalyzed allene−ketone transformations, and further expand the scope of ketones in allene chemistry under phosphine catalysis.
ASC‐1 Is a Cell Cycle Regulator Associated with Severe and Mild Forms of Myopathy
Authors: Villar‐Quiles Rocío N. , Catervi Fabio , Cabet Eva , Juntas‐Morales Raul , Genetti Casie A. , Gidaro Teresa , Koparir Asuman , Yüksel Adnan , Coppens Sandra , Deconinck Nicolas , Pierce‐Hoffman Emma , Lornage Xavière , Durigneux Julien , Laporte Jocelyn , Rendu John , Romero Norma B. , Beggs Alan H. , Servais Laurent , Cossée Mireille , Olivé Montse , Böhm Johann , Duband‐Goulet Isabelle , Ferreiro Ana 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveRecently, the ASC‐1 complex has been identified as a mechanistic link between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and 3 mutations of the ASC‐1 gene TRIP4 have been associated with SMA or congenital myopathy. Our goal was to define ASC‐1 neuromuscular function and the phenotypical spectrum associated with TRIP4 mutations.MethodsClinical, molecular, histological, and magnetic resonance imaging studies were made in 5 families with 7 novel TRIP4 mutations. Fluorescence activated cell sorting and Western blot were performed in patient‐derived fibroblasts and muscles and in Trip4 knocked‐down C2C12 cells.ResultsAll mutations caused ASC‐1 protein depletion. The clinical phenotype was purely myopathic, ranging from lethal neonatal to mild ambulatory adult patients. It included early onset axial and proximal weakness, scoliosis, rigid spine, dysmorphic facies, cutaneous involvement, respiratory failure, and in the older cases, dilated cardiomyopathy. Muscle biopsies showed multiminicores, nemaline rods, cytoplasmic bodies, caps, central nuclei, rimmed fibers, and/or mild endomysial fibrosis. ASC‐1 depletion in C2C12 and in patient‐derived fibroblasts and muscles caused accelerated proliferation, altered expression of cell cycle proteins, and/or shortening of the G0/G1 cell cycle phase leading to cell size reduction.InterpretationOur results expand the phenotypical and molecular spectrum of TRIP4‐associated disease to include mild adult forms with or without cardiomyopathy, associate ASC‐1 depletion with isolated primary muscle involvement, and establish TRIP4 as a causative gene for several congenital muscle diseases, including nemaline, core, centronuclear, and cytoplasmic‐body myopathies. They also identify ASC‐1 as a novel cell cycle regulator with a key role in cell proliferation, and underline transcriptional coregulation defects as a novel pathophysiological mechanism. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:217–232