bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and Design of Integrated System of Headphone Amplifier Based on Bluetooth Technology
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Lina , Zhang Xuehao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Traditional earphones and speakers need to use audio cables to connect mobile devices and sounding units when using audio files of mobile devices such as mobile phones as audio input sources. This paper proposes a solution to this problem. This paper studies and designs a power headphone amplifier integrated system based on Bluetooth technology with STM32F407 as the main control core. The system uses CSR8670 Bluetooth audio SoC chip to realize Bluetooth audio transmission, uses TPA6112 headphone audio amplifier to realize amp function, uses HT8696 class D power amplifier to realize speaker power amplifier function, uses 3.2 inch resistive touch screen to realize human-computer interaction function, and the system introduces STemWin graphics library Implement human-machine UI interface. The system is more practical in the independent output of the amp and the speaker power amplifier circuit, the control method is more humanized, and the human-machine experience is better, which plays a driving role for the popularization of the smart home.
DFT based estimation of CNT parameters and simulation-study of GAA CNTFET for nano scale applications
Authors: Singh Bhoop , B Prasad , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The device dimensions have been consistently scaling down since many developing technologies need smaller and faster integrated circuits for advancement and improvement in both performance and device density. Device dimensions have been decreased drastically from micron to sub nanometer regime. Traditionally, miniaturizing and performance improvement was obtained by tweaking the MOSFET- reducing the channel lengths and gate oxide thickness, increasing dielectric constants etc Unfortunately at 22 nm node it reached a dead end. However, at 22 nm node the tri-gate FinFET introduced by Intel Corporation have provided many possibilities for scaling the dimensions with satisfactory device performance. Further, the gate all around (GAA) carbon nano tube field effect transistor (CNTFET) provides high gain, high trans-conductance, reduced short channel effects and conditions for scaling the technology to sub nano scale. Due to surround gate structure this GAA CNTFET offers better control with integration of high_k stacked dielectric wrapped around the channel. In this paper, first properties of Carbon nanotube (CNT) have been comprehensively studied for various chirality and diameter and parameters viz. Density of States (DoS) and Band gap (Eg) are extracted by using MedeA tool’s VASP 5.3 module. The various CNT chirality have been optimized and the extracted parameters used to model and simulate CNTFET using Silvaco’s Devedit3D, Atlas and Atlas3D modeling and simulation modules. The device input (ID-VGS ) and output (ID-VDS) characteristics have been intensively studied and parameters including ION /IOFF ratio, DIBL, sub threshold slope extracted and compared with the conventional devices. The GAA CNTFET device at 0.8 V supply voltage exhibits threshold voltage (VTH) 0.254 V, drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) 72 mV/V, sub-threshold swing (SS) 63.29 mV/dec, and ION/ IOFF ratio 7.17e + 06. The results demonstrate improvement in device parameters for the GAA CNTFET device as compared to bulk silicon and FinFET devices.
High temperature oxidation behavior of heat resistant steel with rare earth element Ce
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zheng Zhibin , Zheng Kaihong , Long Jun , Wang Juan , Ren Yuyan , Li Yingmin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study examined the oxidation properties of rare earth steel at high temperatures (600 °C–900 °C) in the air atmosphere by using Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis method. High temperature oxidation experiment showed that rare earth element Ce played a very good antioxidant effect with the increasing oxidation temperature. After continuous oxidation at 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C for 150 h, the mass gain of the rare earth steel were 1.25 mg cm−2, 2.41 mg cm−2, 12.34 mg cm−2, and 13.37 mg cm−2, respectively. In comparison, the matrix steel under the same conditions were 1.31 mg cm−2, 2.94 mg cm−2, 13.98 mg cm−2, and 15.63 mg cm−2, respectively. AFM features of the oxidized surface confirmed that the rare earth element Ce could inhibit the growth rate of the oxide in the early stage of oxidation, and preferentially promote the formation of the spinel oxide. The surface-dense spinel oxide (Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn)3O4, the enrichment of Cr-containing layer in the middle, and the formation of the Si-rich oxide in the inner layer all affected the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the rare earth steel.
Common Hirota form Bäcklund transformation for the unified Soliton system
Authors: Hayashi Masahito , Shigemoto Kazuyasu , Tsukioka Takuya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We study to unify soliton systems, KdV/mKdV/sinh-Gordon, through SO(2,1) ≅ GL(2,

R

) ≅ Möbius group point of view, which might be a keystone to exactly solve some special non-linear differential equations. If we construct the N-soliton solutions through the KdV type Bäcklund transformation, we can transform different KdV/mKdV/sinh-Gordon equations and the Bäcklund transformations of the standard form into the same common Hirota form and the same common Bäcklund transformation except the equation which has the time-derivative term. The difference is only the time-dependence and the main structure of the N-soliton solutions has the same common form for KdV/mKdV/sinh-Gordon systems. Then the N-soliton solutions for the sinh-Gordon equation is obtained just by the replacement from KdV/mKdV N-soliton solutions. We also give general addition formulae coming from the KdV type Bäcklund transformation which plays not only an important role to construct the trigonometric/hyperbolic N-soliton solutions but also an essential role to construct the elliptic N-soliton solutions. In contrast to the KdV type Bäcklund transformation, the well-known mKdV/sinh-Gordon type Bäcklund transformation gives the non-cyclic symmetric N-soliton solutions. We give an explicit non-cyclic symmetric 3-soliton solution for KdV/mKdV/sinh-Gordon equations.
Asian megacity heat stress under future climate scenarios: impact of air-conditioning feedback
Authors: Takane Yuya , Ohashi Yukitaka , Grimmond C Sue B , Hara Masayuki , Kikegawa Yukihiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Future heat stress under six future global warming (ΔT

GW
) scenarios (IPCC RCP8.5) in an Asian megacity (Osaka) is estimated using a regional climate model with an urban canopy and air-conditioning (AC). An urban heat ‘stress’ island is projected in all six scenarios (ΔT

GW
= +0.5 to +3.0 °C in 0.5 °C steps). Under ΔT

GW
= +3.0 °C conditions, people outdoors experience ‘extreme’ heat stress, which could result in dangerously high increases in human body core temperature. AC-induced feedback increases heat stress roughly linearly as ΔT

GW
increases, reaching 0.6 °C (or 12% of the heat stress increase). As this increase is similar to current possible heat island mitigation techniques, this feedback needs to be considered in urban climate projections, especially where AC use is large.
On efficiency of earth-abundant chalcogenide photovoltaic materials buffered with CdS: the limiting effect of band alignment
Authors: Ghorbani Elaheh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Earth-abundant and environmentally-friendly Cu2–II–IV–VI4 (II = Sr, Ba; IV = Ge, Sn; VI = S,Se) are considered materials for the absorber layers in thin film solar cells. Attempts to understand and improve optoelectronic properties of these newly emerged absorbers resulted in an efficiency of 5.2% in less than two years. However, the energy band alignment at the buffer/absorber interface has not been studied yet; an information which is of crucial importance for designing high performance devices. Therefore, current study focuses on the band offsets between these materials and the CdS buffer. Using first-principles calculations, band discontinuities are calculated at the buffer/absorber interface. The results yield a type-II band alignment between all Cu2–II–IV–VI4 absorbers and CdS, hence a negative

Δ

E

c

. Adoption of a negative

Δ

E

c

(cliff-like conduction band offset) at the buffer/absorber interface, however, gives rise to low open circuit voltage and high interface-related recombinations. Therefore, it is necessary to search for an alternative buffer material that forms a type-I band alignment with these absorbers, where the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum are both localized on the absorber side.
A Practical Approach to Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Chandawarkar Akash , Chartier Christian , Kanevsky Jonathan , Cress Phaedra E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Understanding the intersection of technology and plastic surgery has been and will be essential to positioning plastic surgeons at the forefront of surgical innovation. This account of the current and future applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery introduces us to the subset of issues amenable to support from this technology. It equips plastic surgeons with the knowledge to navigate technical conversations with peers, trainees, patients, and technical partners for collaboration and to usher in a new era of technology in plastic surgery. From the mathematical basis of AI to its commercially viable applications, topics introduced herein constitute a framework for design and execution of quantitative studies that will better outcomes and benefit patients. Finally, adherence to the principles of quality data collection will leverage and amplify plastic surgeons’ creativity and undoubtedly drive the field forward.
The Effect of Gender and Stigma on the Self-Reported Likelihood of Seeking Social Workers’ Help by Social Workers versus Non Social Workers
Authors: Kagan Maya , Itzick Michal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current study examines the likelihood of seeking social workers’ help by social workers compared with non-social workers, taking into consideration their gender and the prevalence of stigma attached to seeking social workers' help. Data collection utilised structured questionnaires administered to a sample of 802 participants, of whom 355 were social workers and 447 non-social workers. The findings indicate that social workers, regardless of their gender, reported a higher likelihood than non-social workers of seeking help from social workers. Female social workers reported a higher likelihood of seeking social workers’ help than male social workers. High levels of stigma were associated with a lower likelihood of seeking social worker help regardless of the respondents’ gender or professional status. The current study highlights the importance of social workers’ professional socialisation with regard to seeking social workers’ help, with a special emphasis on raising male social workers’ awareness of the importance of seeking help. In addition, the study emphasises that the general public is less likely than social workers to seek social workers' help, regardless of gender, and that stigma is a barrier to seeking help. Implications for the practice of social workers are discussed.
The Limited Utility of Ranking Hospitals Based on Their Colon Surgery Infection Rates
Authors: Caroff Daniel A , Wang Rui , Zhang Zilu , Wolf Robert , Septimus Ed , Harris Anthony D , Jackson Sarah S , Poland Russell E , Hickok Jason , Huang Susan S , Platt Richard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) use colon surgical site infection (SSI) rates to rank hospitals and apply financial penalties. The CMS’ risk-adjustment model omits potentially impactful variables that might disadvantage hospitals with complex surgical populations.

Methods
We analyzed adult patients who underwent colon surgery within facilities associated with HCA Healthcare from 2014 to 2016. SSIs were identified from National Health Safety Network (NHSN) reporting. We trained and validated 3 SSI prediction models, using (1) current CMS model variables, including hospital-specific random effects (HCA-adapted CMS model); (2) demographics and claims-based comorbidities (expanded-claims model); and (3) demographics, claims-based comorbidities, and NHSN variables (claims-plus–electronic health record [EHR] model). Discrimination, calibration, and resulting rankings were compared among all models and the current CMS model with published coefficient values.

Results
We identified 39 468 colon surgeries in 149 hospitals, resulting in 1216 (3.1%) SSIs. Compared to the HCA-adapted CMS model, the expanded-claims model had similar performance (c-statistic, 0.65 vs 0.67, respectively), while the claims-plus-EHR model was more accurate (c-statistic, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, .67–.73; P = .004). The sampling variation, due to the low surgical volume and small number of infections, contributed 74% of the total variation in observed SSI rates between hospitals. When CMS model rankings were compared to those from the expanded-claims and claims-plus-EHR models, 18 (15%) and 26 (22%) hospitals changed quartiles, respectively, and 10 (8.3%) and 12 (10%) hospitals changed into or out of the lowest-performing quartile, respectively.

Conclusions
An expanded set of variables improved colon SSI risk predictions and quartile assignments, but low procedure volumes and SSI events remain a barrier to effectively comparing hospitals.
Incidence of Tetanus and Diphtheria in Relation to Adult Vaccination Schedules
Authors: Slifka Ariel M , Park Byung , Gao Lina , Slifka Mark K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) does not recommend routine adult booster vaccination for tetanus and diphtheria after completion of the childhood vaccination series. However, many countries continue to implement adult booster vaccinations, leading to the question of whether this is necessary to reduce the incidence of these 2 rare diseases.

Methods
We conducted an observational cohort study based on WHO case reports from 2001 through 2016. We compared the incidence of tetanus and diphtheria in 31 North American and European countries that either do or do not recommend adult booster vaccination.

Results
Countries that vaccinate adults every 5–20 years (group 1) were compared with countries that do not routinely vaccinate adults for tetanus or diphtheria (group 2). Comparison of group 1 vs group 2 revealed no significant decline in tetanus incidence rates among countries that vaccinate adults (P = .52; risk ratio [RR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], .36 to 1.70). The risk of contracting diphtheria was increased among countries that vaccinate adults due to inclusion of Latvia, a country that had poor vaccination coverage (P &lt; .001). However, if Latvia is excluded, there is no difference in diphtheria incidence between countries that do or do not routinely vaccinate adults (P = .26; RR = 2.46; 95% CI, .54 to 11.23).

Conclusions
Review of &gt;11 billion person-years of incidence data revealed no benefit associated with performing adult booster vaccinations against tetanus or diphtheria. Similar to other vaccines, this analysis supports the WHO position on adult booster vaccination and, if approved by governing health authorities, this may allow more countries to focus healthcare resources on vulnerable and undervaccinated populations.
Altered stresses and dynamics after single and double annuloplasty ring for aortic valve repair
Authors: Benhassen Leila Louise , Hedensted Jacob Hesselby , Sharghbin Mona , Skov Søren Nielsen , Carlson Hanse Lisa , Tjørnild Marcell Juan , Bechsgaard Tommy , Ropcke Diana Mathilde , Nielsen Sten Lyager , Hasenkam John Michael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Aortic valve repair procedures for the treatment of isolated aortic valve insufficiency may be improved by stabilizing the functional aortic annulus using a double annuloplasty ring at the aortic annulus and sinotubular junction (STJ). The objective of this study was to compare the geometrical changes and aortic root stress distribution when using a single subvalvular ring and a double sub- and supravalvular ring in vivo.

METHODS
Both the single- and double-ring procedures were performed successively in nine 80-kg pigs. Measurements were performed intraoperatively using sonomicrometry crystals in the aortic root to evaluate geometrical changes and annular and STJ force transducers measuring the segmental radial stress distribution.

RESULTS
The total force in the STJ was significantly reduced after the double-ring procedure from 1.7 ± 0.6 to 0.04 ± 1.1 N (P = 0.001). The double-ring procedure significantly reduced the STJ area from 234.8 ± 37.6 to 147.5 ± 31.8 mm2 (P = 0.001) and expansibility from 17 ± 6% to 8 ± 3% (P = 0.001). With the single-ring procedure, the STJ shape was circular but became more oval with the double-ring procedure. The double-ring procedure did not affect stress distribution or geometry in the aortic annulus.

CONCLUSIONS
The double-ring procedure stabilized the whole aortic root by reducing radial stress distribution in the STJ more efficiently than the single-ring procedure. Both area and expansibility were reduced with the double-ring procedure. These results confirm the importance of addressing the entire functional aortic annulus for optimal aortic valve repair procedures.
Rethinking Unfair Competition Justifications in Brazil
Authors: Krueger Pela Juliana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Curbing unfair competition is usually justified in Brazil by the need to avoid unfair trade practices. These are defined in accordance with ethical criteria for the purpose of securing the interests of competitors. This article summarizes and scrutinizes such traditional justifications for unfair competition prohibition in Brazil. It seeks to contribute to the improvement of the unfair competition rules in Brazilian law, drawing on the reflections of Reto M Hilty concerning the harmonization of European law in this area.
The recalibration of Chinese assertiveness: China's responses to the Indo-Pacific challenge
Authors: Liu Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In response to the changing geopolitical landscape in Asia, both China and the United States attempt to alter the regional order in their own favour, both in the economic and security realms. This article shows how diverging views on future arrangements are leading to strategic shifts and increasing tension between these two Great Powers. As part of its quest for Great-Power status, China has been actively pushing its regional initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), as well as adopting assertive security policies towards its neighbours. In contrast, in order to counter China's growing influence America's regional strategy is undergoing a subtle shift from ‘rebalancing to Asia’ to focusing on the ‘Indo-Pacific’ region. However, amid an intensifying trade war and other challenges facing the region, China has chosen to moderate its proactive foreign policy-orientation in the past few years. In particular, China has made attempts to downplay its domestic rhetoric, rebuild strategic relationship with India and Japan, and to reassure ASEAN states in the South China Sea. In response to the Indo-Pacific strategy, it would be more effective for China to articulate a more inclusive regional vision and promote an institutional framework that also accommodates a US presence in the region.
Where is the Anthropocene? IR in a new geological epoch
Authors: Simangan Dahlia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Several disciplines outside the natural sciences, including International Relations (IR), have engaged with the Anthropocene discourse in order to theorize their relevance and translate their practical value in this new phase of the Earth's history. Some IR scholars have called for a post-humanist IR, planet politics, a cosmopolitan view, and ecological security, among other approaches, to recalibrate the theoretical foundations of the discipline, making it more attuned to the realities of the Anthropocene. Existing discussions, however, tend to universalize human experience and gravitate towards western ontologies and epistemologies of living in the Anthropocene. Within this burgeoning scholarship, how is the IR discipline engaging with the Anthropocene discourse? Although the Anthropocene has become a new theoretical landscape for the conceptual broadening of conventional IR subjects, this review reveals the need for sustained discussion that highlights the differentiated human experiences in the Anthropocene. The existing IR publications on the Anthropocene locates the non-spatial narratives of vulnerability and historical injustice, the non-modernist understanding of nature, the agency of the vulnerable, and the amplification of security issues in the Anthropocene. It is in amplifying these narratives that the IR discipline can broaden and diversify the discourse on the Anthropocene and, therefore, affirm its relevance in this new geological age.
Serum Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4: A Predictor of Disease Activity and Prognosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Pinto-Lopes Pedro , Afonso Joana , Pinto-Lopes Rui , Rocha Cátia , Lago Paula , Gonçalves Raquel , Tavares De Sousa Helena , Macedo Guilherme , Camila Dias Cláudia , Magro Fernando 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) has drawn particular interest as a biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as this protease inactivates several peptides that participate in the inflammatory cascade.

Methods
Two prospectively recruited cohorts consisting of 195 patients (101 had Crohn’s disease [CD] and 94 had ulcerative colitis [UC]) were evaluated using clinical indexes and followed up to assess for treatment escalation. Sixty-eight patients underwent endoscopic evaluation at baseline. In the second cohort of 46 biologically treated patients, treatment response was assessed. Serum DPP-4, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fecal calprotectin levels were quantified at baseline and during follow-up.

Results
Median DPP-4 levels were significantly lower in active IBD patients when compared with remitters (CD: 1043 [831–1412] vs 1589 [1255–1956] ng/mL; P &lt; 0.001; UC: 1317 [1058–1718] vs 1798 [1329–2305] ng/mL; P = 0.001) and healthy controls (2175 [1875–3371] ng/mL). In fact, DPP-4 was able to distinguish clinical and endoscopic activity from remission, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.81/0.93 (CD) and 0.71/0.79 (UC), along with the need for treatment escalation, with comparable AUCs of 0.79 (CD) and 0.77 (UC). Furthermore, DPP-4 levels were higher in responders to treatment and more pronounced among UC (1467 [1301–1641] vs 1211 [1011–1448] ng/mL; P &lt; 0.001) than CD patients (1385 [1185–1592] vs 1134 [975–1469] ng/mL; P = 0.015).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that serum DPP-4 can be used as a noninvasive biomarker of IBD activity and biological treatment response and a predictor of treatment escalation, particularly when combined with other biomarkers.