bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topiramate-induced ocular side effects in Egyptian patients, idiosyncratic versus dose-dependent effect, a prospective study
Authors: Thabit Mohamed N. , Farouk Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
To test the nature of the ocular side effects induced by topiramate (TPM) whether dose dependent or idiosyncratic, and to test various predictors that might influence the occurrence of those side effects.

Methods
Twenty patients treated with TPM were included in this study. Patients underwent ophthalmic assessment before and after 4 weeks of treatment by stable doses of oral TPM. We examined non-cycloplegic refraction (RF) in diopters, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) in mmHg, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in mm.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between baseline and follow-up assessments in all tested ophthalmological parameters including errors of RF, ACD, IOP, and the BCVA. One case suffered from painful drop of vision in both eyes with elevated IOP and decreased ACD, and evident myopic shift 1 week after treatment with small dose of TPM. There was no significant effect of age, TPM dose, disease, and gender on all tested variables.

Conclusion
TPM can induce idiosyncratic, but not dose dependent, ocular side effects, namely myopic shifts and angle closure glaucoma. Those side effects were not disease, age, or gender dependent. However, ethnicity might play a role in induction of those side effects.
Impact of indoxacarb and sulphur formulation on aphid and three specific predators in Okra fields
Authors: Gesraha M. A. , Ebeid Amany R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
For the sake of environmental safety, many new insecticide generations developed. Sulphur formulations and other botanicals or formulated synthetic insecticides were recommended in many integrated pest management programs to protect, particularly, edible vegetables and fruit trees from insect and mite pests as well as plant pathogenic diseases. Such formulations, at the recommended application rates, proved to be safer for mammals. Regarding their safety to beneficial arthropods, diversified results were reported. This study was designed to investigate and evaluate the impact of indoxacarb and sulphur formulation against some natural enemies naturally prevailing in some vegetable crops.

Results
Application of indoxacarb and sulphur formulation in Okra fields to control aphid was carried out. The adverse effects of these applications against some important predators were investigated. The obtained results revealed that indoxacarb was more effective than sulphur application in all treatments. At the end of the experiment, the percentages of population reductions of Coccinella indoxacarb treatment reached ≈ 92 and 76% for larvae and adults, respectively. The corresponding figures for Chrysoperla were ≈ 79 and 82% for larvae and adults, respectively. Indoxacarb-induced reduction in the Paederus population reached about 80%, while sulphur formulation had negative effects. Both indoxacarb and sulphur formulations were harmful to the aphid, inducing about 97 and 26% reduction, respectively, for the mean number of aphid populations.

Conclusion
It could be concluded that indoxacarb is more hazardous towards different natural enemies prevailing naturally in open fields at anywhere season round the year, and care must be in consideration when we choose and select some insecticides to kill or to eradicate pests and simultaneously conserve the natural enemies.
Catalytical degradation of industrial dyes using biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles and evaluating its antimicrobial activities
Authors: Menon Soumya , Agarwal Happy , Shanmugam Venkat Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe release of textile dyes from the industries to the environment has become a significant health issue to humans and their surroundings, where a large number of dyes are wasted to the nearby water during the dyeing process. Therefore, the practice of the utilization of biosynthesized nanoparticles from numerous biological systems has been described, out of which plant material is considered the most appropriate method. The usage of plant material not only makes the procedure ecological but also their abundance makes it more cost-effective. The present study aims to biologically produce selenium nanoparticle using Mucuna pruriens seed powder and apply it in the degradation of dyes and removal of pathogenic bacterial cultures from pathogen-containing lake water using an optimum concentration of selenium nanoparticles. The production of selenium nanoparticles was characterized via visual coloration from colorless to brown solution which was checked using UV–Visible spectrophotometer, the crystalline structure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, the morphology was analyzed with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, which was in the range of 90–120 nm, with stable spherical monodisperse characteristics. The surface potential was checked using zeta potential, while the Atomic Force Microscopy gave information on the roughness of the nanoparticles, and the presence of –OH, −COO, aromatic groups were confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were then analyzed for its environmental applications, like degradation of dyes from industrial wastes and checking its antimicrobial activities.
Proliferation of household waste irregular dumpsites in Niger Delta region (Nigeria): unsustainable public health monitoring and future restitution
Authors: Okpara Donatus A. , Kharlamova Marianna , Grachev Vladimir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInadequate collection and improper disposal of municipal waste have a direct negative impact on cities. Disease occurrence in Obio-Akpor (Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria) was suspected and linked to the proliferation of dumpsites and proximity to residential households. Evidence showed frequent incidence of diseases outbreak coupled with the topographic coastal nature and the morphological propelling dynamics of sediments transport in the area assisting the situation. The main objective of this study was to assess how the spatial distribution of irregular dumpsites is linked to the disease occurrence (cholera, diarrhoea and malaria) in the community. The data used for the study was obtained through questionnaires administrated at the hospitals, use of GPS for locating disease incidences and waste dumps, interviews and observations. Point pattern analysis using the G-function and the K-function was employed in analyzing the spatial distribution of dumpsites and disease incidences. Correlation tests were performed to test for the relationship between disease incidences and presence of dumpsites. The results showed that there was a significant relationship (p < 0.05) between disease incidences and presence of dumpsites. It was also observed that diseases could occur in areas where dumpsites were not present as cholera and diarrhoea are contagious but malaria is not, though it spreads. The study will be beneficial to governmental agencies, waste managers, institutions, environmentalists, health, social workers and future researchers.
Outcomes of one-stage reconstruction for chronic multiligament injuries of knee
Authors: Goyal Tarun , Paul Souvik , Banerjee Sushovan , Das Lakshmana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to evaluate patterns of chronic multiligament injuries and outcomes of treatment with single-stage reconstruction using autografts.

Methods
All patients with clinicoradiologically diagnosed multiligament knee injury (MKI) were included in this prospective observational study. As the time since injury was more than 6 weeks in all of the patients, they were categorized as having chronic MKI. Patients were assessed clinically for laxity, and the diagnosis was confirmed radiologically. Ipsilateral hamstring tendons were used for medial collateral ligament (MCL) or posterolateral corner reconstruction in a patient with Schenck knee dislocation (KD) type III. In these cases, the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were reconstructed by using the peroneus longus and contralateral hamstring tendons respectively. Ipsilateral hamstring tendons were used for ACL reconstruction and an ipsilateral peroneus longus tendon graft was used for reconstruction of the PCL in a KD type II injury. In two cases of KD type IV injury, the lateral laxity was only grade II and was managed conservatively; the rest of the ligaments were addressed like a KD type III injury. Outcome evaluation was done using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity level, preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 years’ follow-up.

Results
A total of 27 patients of mean age 33.48 ± 9.9 years with MKI were included in the study. The patients were classified as eight KD type II, 17 KD type III, and two KD type IV. The majority of the patients had associated meniscal (59.2%) or chondral (40.7%) injuries. At the 2 years’ follow-up visit, there were significant improvements in VAS score (p = 0.0001) IKDC score (p = 0.0001), Lysholm score (p = 0.0001), and range of motion (p = 0.001). None of the patients had residual laxity on clinical examination of the knee joint at the 2 years’ follow-up. All but two of the patients went back to their previous activity level. These two patients had progressive knee arthritis and needed knee arthroplasty.

Conclusion
Single-stage surgical reconstruction for chronic MKI has favourable functional outcomes.

Level of evidence
Level IV, case series.
Effect of a phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation program on obese and non-obese patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: El Missiri Ahmed , Abdel Halim Walaa Adel , Almaweri Abdo Saleh , Mohamed Tarek Rashid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality effects. Cardiac rehabilitation programs cause a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality and a reduction in all cardiovascular risk factors. Up to 80% of patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation programs are either overweight or obese. This study aimed to compare the effects of a phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation program on obese and non-obese patients with stable coronary artery disease following total revascularization by coronary angioplasty.

Results
This was a prospective study including 120 patients with stable coronary artery disease. Patients were enrolled in a 12-week phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation program. Patients were classified into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI): those with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 were considered non-obese (n = 58) while those with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 were considered obese (n = 62). At baseline, BMI and blood pressure (BP) were recorded; fasting blood sugar, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were assessed; and echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). These were re-assessed after completion of the program. At baseline, there were more females in the obese group 20 (32.25%) vs 6 (10.13%) (p = 0.04), more hypertensives (p = 0.023), and less smokers 32 (51%) vs 46 (79%) (p = 0.025). Obese patients achieved fewer metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) 7.97 ± 2.4 vs 9.74 ± 2.47 (p = 0.007) and had higher LDL-C levels 121.63 ± 36.52 mg/dl vs 95.73 ± 31.51 mg/dl (p = 0.005). At the end of the program, obese patients showed more reduction in BMI − 1.78 ± 1.46 kg/m2 vs − 0. 60 ± 0.70 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) and systolic and diastolic BP (p = 0.016 and 0.038, respectively). LDL-C level was more reduced in the obese group − 25.76 ± 14.19 mg/dl vs − 17.37 ± 13.28 mg/dl (p = 0.022). Non-obese patients had more increase in LVEF (p = 0.024). There was no difference between obese and non-obese patients in the magnitude of increase in METs achieved (p = 0.21).

Conclusion
Cardiac rehabilitation programs lead to an improvement in cardiovascular disease risk factors with more reduction in BMI, BP, and LDL-C levels in obese patients compared to non-obese ones. LVEF was more increased in non-obese individuals. Exercise capacity in the form of METs achieved was equally improved in both groups.
Klippel-Feil syndrome with multiple skeletal anomalies, Dandy-Walker spectrum, and occipital cephalocele—a rare presentation
Authors: Shoaib Mohammad , Swarup M. Sarthak , Pradhan Gaurav 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital malformation causing fusion of at least two cervical vertebrae and characterized clinically by presence of triad of short neck, limited neck movements, and low posterior hair line. Various skeletal and non-skeletal anomalies may be seen in association with KFS.

Case presentation
We present a case of 6-year-old boy of KFS with various skeletal anomalies such as multiple segmentation and formation anomalies of the spine including anomalies of craniovertebral junction (CVJ), spina bifida occulta, scoliosis, Sprengel deformity of right shoulder, and multiple rib anomalies, as well as neurological anomalies like Dandy-Walker spectrum and atretic occipital cephalocele.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, association of such extensive skeletal anomalies and Dandy-Walker spectrum with KFS has been uncommonly reported in the literature. This case highlights the importance of knowledge of various common and uncommon associations of KFS to avoid missing significant anomalies.
An exploratory study of perinatal hair cortisol concentrations in mother–infant dyads with severe psychiatric disorders versus healthy controls
Authors: Broeks Carlinde W. , Choenni Vandhana , Kok Rianne , van der Voorn Bibian , de Kruijff Ineke , van den Akker Erica L.T. , van Rossum Elisabeth F.C. , Hoogendijk Witte J.G. , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Kamperman Astrid M. , Lambregtse-Van den Berg Mijke P. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Maternal psychopathology during pregnancy is associated with negative outcomes in offspring. Increased placental transfer of maternal cortisol may contribute to mediate this association. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) appear to be a good biomarker of long-term prenatal stress exposure. Little is known about the associations between severe maternal psychopathology and perinatal infant HCCs.

Aims
We assessed HCCs in the perinatal period in mother–infant dyads with and without severe psychiatric disorders.

Method
We examined group differences in HCCs of mother–infant dyads (n = 18) subjected to severe maternal psychiatric disorders versus healthy control dyads (n = 27). We assessed the correlation of HCCs between mother and infant within both groups, and the association between current maternal symptoms and HCCs in patient dyads.

Results
Median (interquartile range) and distribution of HCC differed in patients compared with control mothers (U = 468.5, P = 0.03). HCCs in infants of patients did not differ from control infants (U = 250.0, P = 0.67). Subsequently, we found that HCCs within healthy control dyads were correlated (n = 27, r 0.55 (0.14), P = 0.003), but were not within patient dyads (n = 18, r 0.082 (0.13), P = 0.746). HCCs in infants of patients showed a positive correlation with maternal symptoms (n = 16, r = 0.63 (0.06), P = 0.008).

Conclusions
These preliminary findings suggest that infant HCC reflect perinatal stress exposure. In infants, these early differences could influence lifetime hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning, which might be associated with increased susceptibility to later disease.
Does a Custom Electronic Health Record Alert System Improve Physician Compliance With National Quality Measures for Palliative Bone Metastasis Radiotherapy?
Authors: Grant Stephen R. , Smith Benjamin D. , Pandey Prasamsa , Maldonado J. Alberto , Kim Minsoo , Moon Bryan S. , Colbert Lauren E. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE In an effort to promote cost-conscious, high-quality, and patient-centered care in the palliative radiation of painful bone metastases, the National Quality Forum (NQF) formed measure 1822 in 2012, which recommends the use of one of the four dose-fractionation schemes (30 Gy in 10 fractions, 24 Gy in 6 fractions, 20 Gy in 5 fractions, or 8 Gy in a single fraction). We investigated whether a custom electronic health record (EHR) alert system improved quality measure compliance among 88 physicians at a large academic center and institutional network. METHODS In March 2018, a multiphase alert system was embedded in a custom web-based EHR. Prior to a course of palliative bone radiation, the alert system notified the user of NQF 1822 recommendations and, once prescription was completed, either affirmed compliance or advised a change in treatment schedule. Rates of compliance were evaluated before and after implementation of alert system. RESULTS Of 2,399 treatment courses, 86.5% were compliant with NQF 1822 recommendations. There was no difference in rates of NQF 1822 compliance before or after implementation of the custom EHR alert (86.0% before March 2018 v 86.9% during and after March 2018, P = .551). CONCLUSION There was no change in rates of compliance following implementation of a custom EHR alert system designed to make treatment recommendations based on national quality measure guidelines. To be of most benefit, future palliative bone metastasis decision aids should leverage peer review, target a clear practice deficiency, center upon high-quality practice guidelines, and allow flexibility to reflect the diversity of clinical scenarios.
Quantitative multiparametric MRI allows safe surgical planning in patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases: report of two patients
Authors: Sethi Pulkit , Thavanesan Navamayooran , Welsh Fenella KS , Connell John , Pickles Elisabeth , Kelly Matt , Fallowfield Jonathan A , Kendall Timothy J , Mole Damian J , Rees Myrddin 
Published: January 2021

It is not uncommon for clinicians to encounter varying degrees of hepatic steatosis in patients undergoing resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Magnetic resonance imaging is currently the preferred investigation for identification and pre-operative planning of these patients. An objective assessment of liver quality and degree of steatosis is paramount for planning a safe resection, which is seldom provided by routine MRI sequences. We studied two patients who underwent an additional pre-operative multiparametric MRI scan (LiverMultiScanTM) as a part of an observational clinical trial (HepaT1ca, NCT03213314) to assess the quality of liver. Outcome was assessed in the form of post-hepatectomy liver failure. Both patients (Patient 1 and 2) had comparable pre-operative characteristics. Both patients were planned for an extended right hepatectomy with an estimated future liver remnant of approximately 30%. Conventional preoperative contrast MRI showed mild liver steatosis in both patients. Patient one developed post-hepatectomy liver failure leading to prolonged hospital stay compared to patient two who had uneventful post-operative course. Retrospective evaluation of multiparametric MRI scan revealed findings consistent with fibro-inflammatory disease and steatosis (cT1 829 ms, PDFF 14%) for patient 1 whereas patient two had normal parameters (cT1 735 ms, PDFF 2.4%). These findings corresponded with the resection specimen histology. Multiparametric MRI can objectively evaluate future liver health and volume which may help refine surgical decision-making and improve patient outcomes
Outcome of thrombolysis with streptokinase in patients with prosthetic valve thrombosis
Authors: Abbas Shahid , Hameed Naeem , Khilji Shahbaz Ahmad , Jalal Anjum 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of thrombolysis in patients of prosthetic valve thrombosis.
Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on data of 84 patients of prosthetic valve thrombosis who presented to emergency room of Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology between July 2017 to December 2019. The diagnosis of prosthetic valve thrombosis was based on clinical suspicion and bed side transthoracic echocardiography done by a consultant cardiologist. Fluoroscopy was done to confirm the diagnosis by observing immobile valve leaflet. The confirmed patients were then treated in emergency with streptokinase after taking an informed consent. Quantitative variables like age were summarized by mean and standard deviation. Qualitative variables like gender, successful thrombolysis, stroke, major bleeding, mortality or re-do surgery were summarized by frequency and percentage.
Results: Mean age was 29 ± 6.36, years and there were more female patients (n=43, 51.25%) as compared to males (n=41, 48.8%). Among the 66 surviving patients thrombolysis was successful without any complications in 56 patients (66.7%). Thrombolysis was successful with minor complications in six patients (7.1%) and it failed to produce desired results in four patients (4.8%). In this study 18 (21.4%) patients died. The common complications included minor bleeding in four patients (4.8%) and major bleeding in 10 patients (12.0 %).
Conclusion: Thrombolysis produces reasonable success rate in cases of prosthetic valve thrombosis who are in functional class I or II. However, it has very high mortality rate in patients presenting with functional class III and IV.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3226
How to cite this:Abbas S, Hameed N, Khilji SA, Jalal A. Outcome of thrombolysis with streptokinase in patients with prosthetic valve thrombosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):325-330. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3226
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.