bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic-Assisted Peripheral Nerve Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Lisa Wen-Yu , Goh Mei , Goh Raymond , Chao Yin-Kai , Huang Jung-Ju , Kuo Wen-Ling , Sung Cheyenne Wei-Hsuan , Chuieng-Yi Lu Johnny , Chuang David Chwei-Chin , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Robotic-assisted techniques are a tremendous revolution in modern surgery, and the advantages and indications were well discussed in different specialties. However, the use of robotic technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery is still very limited, especially in the field of peripheral nerve reconstruction. This study aims to identify current clinical applications for peripheral nerve reconstruction, and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages to establish potential uses in the future.
Methods A review was conducted in the literatures from PubMed focusing on currently published robotic peripheral nerve intervention techniques. Eligible studies included related animal model, cadaveric and human studies. Reviews on robotic microsurgical technique unrelated to peripheral nerve intervention and non-English articles were excluded. The differences of wound assessment and nerve management between robotic-assisted and conventional approach were compared.
Results Total 19 studies including preclinical experimental researches and clinical reports were listed and classified into brachial plexus reconstruction, peripheral nerve tumors management, peripheral nerve decompression or repair, peripheral nerve harvesting, and sympathetic trunk reconstruction. There were three animal studies, four cadaveric studies, eight clinical series, and four studies demonstrating clinical, animal, or cadaveric studies simultaneously. In total 53 clinical cases, only 20 (37.7%) cases were successfully approached with minimal invasive and intervened robotically; 17 (32.1%) cases underwent conventional approach and the nerves were intervened robotically; 12 (22.6%) cases converted to open approach but still intervened the nerve by robot; and 4 (7.5%) cases failed to approach robotically and converted to open surgery entirely.
Conclusion Robotic-assisted surgery is still in the early stage in peripheral nerve surgery. We believe the use of the robotic system in this field will develop to become popular in the future, especially in the fields that need cooperation with other specialties to provide the solutions for challenging circumstances.
A CRISPR-Cas9–engineered mouse model for GPI-anchor deficiency mirrors human phenotypes and exhibits hippocampal synaptic dysfunctions
Authors: Rodríguez de los Santos Miguel , Rivalan Marion , David Friederike S. , Stumpf Alexander , Pitsch Julika , Tsortouktzidis Despina , Velasquez Laura Moreno , Voigt Anne , Schilling Karl , Mattei Daniele , Long Melissa , Vogt Guido , Knaus Alexej , Fischer-Zirnsak Björn , Wittler Lars , Timmermann Bernd , Robinson Peter N. , Horn Denise , Mundlos Stefan , Kornak Uwe , Becker Albert J. , Schmitz Dietmar , Winter York , Krawitz Peter M. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Inherited GPI-anchor biosynthesis deficiencies (IGDs) explain many cases of syndromic intellectual disability. Although diagnostic methods are improving, the pathophysiology underlying the disease remains unclear. Furthermore, we lack rodent models suitable for characterizing cognitive and social disabilities. To address this issue, we generated a viable mouse model for an IGD that mirrors the condition in human patients with a behavioral phenotype and susceptibility to epilepsy. Using this model, we obtained neurological insights such as deficits in synaptic transmission that will facilitate understanding of the pathophysiology of IGDs.
In silico dynamics of COVID-19 phenotypes for optimizing clinical management
Authors: Voutouri Chrysovalantis , Nikmaneshi Mohammad Reza , Hardin C. Corey , Patel Ankit B. , Verma Ashish , Khandekar Melin J. , Dutta Sayon , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos , Munn Lance L. , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceA distinctive feature of COVID-19 is its extreme heterogeneity—illness ranges from minimally symptomatic to life threatening. Heterogeneity results from a poorly understood combination of patient factors, viral dynamics, antiviral and immune modulating therapies, and dynamics of the innate and adaptive immune responses. In order to better understand clinical heterogeneity and optimal treatment, we developed a comprehensive mathematical model incorporating elements of the innate and adaptive immune responses, the renin−angiotensin system (which the virus exploits for cellular entry), rates of viral replication, inflammatory cytokines, and the coagulation cascade. Our model reveals divergent treatment responses and clinical outcomes as a function of comorbidities, age, and details of the innate and adaptive immune responses which can provide a framework for understanding individual patients’ trajectories.
The syntactic tradition in the Spanish linguistic atlases
Authors: García Mouton Pilar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter studies the methodology of
traditional Spanish linguistic atlases to obtain syntactic data.
After setting the background, from the notes of Tomás Navarro Tomás
in his questionnaires, the way of asking syntax in the Atlas
Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica is reconstructed.
To what extent the subsequent atlases followed that method is also
traced and we can see how the recent ones, besides assuming this
tradition, choose to complement it with more spontaneous syntactic
materials.
Syntactic features and dialect areas in European Spanish
Authors: Camus Bergareche Bruno , Gutiérrez Edita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Traditional Dialectology has focused on phonetic,
morphological and lexical variation and has paid less attention to
syntactic variation. Consequently, dialectal boundaries are usually
drawn employing mainly phonetic, morphological or lexical traits. In
the case of Spanish this bias can easily be confirmed by the main
contents of the regional linguistic atlases of Spain. The present
chapter is aimed to be a complete review of the syntactic
information present in these atlases. We will evaluate its actual
usefulness as to the purpose of defining dialect areas inside
European Spanish. Finally, after examining the main syntactic
features subject to variation in Peninsular Spanish, we will also
make a tentative proposal of dialect areas based on syntactic
differences.
The Corpus del español del siglo XXI
(CORPES XXI)
Authors: Buenafuentes de la Mata Cristina , Sanchez Lancis Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work we review the multiple uses of the
Corpus del español del siglo XXI
(CORPES XXI) to facilitate the study of
syntactic variation in Spanish. We present different kinds of
searches and data sorting available from the corpus and we provide
some examples of syntactic phenomena, most of them characteristic of
American Spanish areas. In sum, we show that CORPES
XXI can become an extremely useful tool to describe the
syntactic variation of Spanish.
Impact of a double sphere dropped vertically onto a horizontal surface
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A simple experiment is described concerning the vertical bounce of a nonspherical object. The object consisted of two golf balls joined together. The balls were dropped onto a heavy, rigid horizontal surface and were filmed with a video camera to measure the coefficient of restitution (COR). For spherical objects, the COR is usually defined in terms of the vertical speed of the centre of mass and can vary between zero and unity depending on the elastic properties of the object and the surface on which it bounces. For nonspherical objects, the COR is best defined in terms of the vertical speed of the contact point. For the two golf balls, the centre of mass COR was found to vary between −4 and +2 depending on the incident spin and the angle of inclination of the long axis. The contact point COR was found to be 0.8 ± 0.2, regardless of the incident spin and angle of inclination.
Chiral Bloch–Zener oscillations of spin–orbit coupled cold atoms in an optical superlattice
Authors: Li Zhe-Han , Zhou Lu , Li Yan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the Bloch oscillation (BO) dynamics of spin–orbit coupled cold atoms in a one-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger optical lattice. The Hamiltonian of our system can be mapped into a tilted SSH ladder pierced by an effective magnetic flux. Based on the calculation of Wannier–Stark states, we investigate dynamical properties of BOs with the chiral character of spin-momentum locking. Importantly, the chiral Bloch–Zener oscillations can be induced by adjusting system parameters. The corresponding Landau–Zener (LZ) tunneling probability is analytically derived by the LZ model and we found a good agreement with the numerical simulation.
Precise locomotion controller design for a novel magnetorheological fluid robot based on improved gray wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Hua Dezheng , Liu Xinhua , Sun Shuaishuai , Li Zengqiang , Li Zhixiong , Li Weihua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Spherical magnetorheological fluid (MRF) robots are capable to move in narrow space, which can be used for drug releasing to human stomach; however, the magnetic-controlled rolling movement often generates a large displacement error, which greatly hinders the practical applications of the MRF robots. In order to bridge this research gap, this paper introduces a new MRF robot with a precise locomotion controller. In this control system, a data acquisition system is designed for the MRF robot and an optimal proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller is proposed based on an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm (IGWO). Both simulations and experiments have been performed to verify the performance of the locomotion controller. The simulation results show that the proposed IGWO-PID controller is superior to the conventional PID and GWO PID controller, with faster response output and smaller overshoot. Experimental analysis results demonstrate the proposed MRF robot can move in a complex trace with a speed fluctuation rate below 5.4%. As a result, precise locomotion has been achieved to make the new MRF robot ready for medicine delivery in narrow space.
Pedestal collapse by resonant magnetic perturbations
Authors: Nazikian R. , Hu Q. , Ashourvan A. , Eldon D. , Evans T.E. , Grierson B.A. , Logan N.C. , Orlov D.M. , Park J.-K. , Paz-Soldan C. , Poli F.M. , Yu Q. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pedestal collapse (i.e., the complete loss of the edge transport barrier (ETB)) in DIII-D H-mode plasmas occurs when resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) penetrate the steep gradient region at the plasma edge. Normally, RMP driven magnetic islands can occur at the top and bottom of the H-mode pedestal and these islands generate conditions consistent with edge-localized-mode (ELM) suppression and density pump-out, respectively, based on nonlinear two-fluid MHD simulations. In contrast, MHD simulations show that the steep pressure gradient region between the top and bottom of the DIII-D pedestal is generally immune to resonant field penetration due to large local E × B and diamagnetic flows. By this fortuitous circumstance, the edge-transport-barrier and H-mode confinement can be maintained while achieving ELM suppression. However, pedestal collapse can occur in DIII-D when the screening flows are inadequate to prevent field penetration in the steep gradient region of the pedestal. Non-linear two-fluid MHD simulations support the role of resonant field penetration in pedestal collapse for DIII-D H-mode plasmas with weak edge E × B and diamagnetic screening flows. ITER will likely have weaker edge screening flows than present experiments due to its much larger size, making it more susceptible to resonant field penetration in the steep gradient region of the pedestal. Analysis of model ITER equilibria demonstrates that resonant field penetration in the steep pressure gradient region is possible for RMP levels of the order required for ELM suppression. The effect of such penetration on the ITER pedestal will depend sensitively on the resulting degree of island overlap.
Understanding photoluminescence in semiconductor Bragg-reflection waveguides
Authors: Auchter S , Schlager A , Thiel H , Laiho K , Pressl B , Suchomel H , Kamp M , Höfling S , Schneider C , Weihs G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Compared to traditional non-linear optical crystals, like BaB2O4, KTiOPO4 or LiNbO3, semiconductor integrated sources of photon pairs may operate at pump wavelengths much closer to the bandgap of the materials. This is also the case for Bragg-reflection waveguides (BRWs) targeting parametric down-conversion (PDC) to the telecom C-band. The large non-linear coefficient of the AlGaAs alloy and the strong confinement of the light enable extremely bright integrated photon pair sources. However, under certain circumstances, a significant amount of detrimental broadband photoluminescence has been observed in BRWs. We show that this is mainly a result of linear absorption near the core and subsequent radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs at deep impurity levels in the semiconductor. For PDC with BRWs, we conclude that devices operating near the long wavelength end of the S-band or the short C-band require temporal filtering shorter than 1 ns. We predict that shifting the operating wavelengths to the L-band reduces the amount of photoluminescence by 70% and making small adjustments in the material composition results in its total reduction of 90%. Such measures enable us to increase the average pump power and/or the repetition rate, which makes integrated photon pair sources with on-chip multi-gigahertz pair rates feasible for future devices.
Effect of solid loading on properties of zirconia ceramic by direct ink writing
Authors: Xia Xiaoguang , Duan Guolin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
High solid loading water-based zirconia slurries for direct ink writing had been successfully prepared in this paper. The water-soluble epoxy resin and sodium polyacrylate were used as the binder and dispersant, respectively. The effect of solid loading on the rheological properties of zirconia slurries was systematically investigated. The 54–58 vol.% zirconia slurries exhibited suitable printability for direct ink writing. After sintering at 1550 °C for 2 h, the properties of sintered zirconia ceramic specimens including linear shrinkage, relative density, flexural strength, tensile strength and microstructure were examined by a series of test methods. Further, the intrinsic relationships between the solid loading and physical and mechanical properties of zirconia ceramic specimens were explored. The experimental results showed that the densification and strength of sintered zirconia ceramic could be significantly improved by increasing the solid loading of zirconia due to the less content of organic matter and water. The maximum relative density, flexural strength and tensile strength of the sintered specimens were 98.8% ,676 ± 10 MPa and 92 ± 5 MPa, respectively, when the zirconia solid loading was 58 vol.%.
Preparation of micron–sized polystyrene/silver core–shell microspheres by ultrasonic assisted electroless plating
Authors: Cheng Junhua , Gan Guoyou , Li Junpeng , Yu Xianglei , Tang Lin , Liu Chengbin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the study, PS/Ag composite microspheres with polystyrene (PS) core and silver shell were synthesized by ultrasonic electroless plating. The samples were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD. The effects of times of sensitization and silver plating, mass ratio of AgNO3 to PS microspheres and stirring method on the preparation and dispersion of PS/Ag microspheres were studied. The results show that the more times of sensitization and silver plating, the more uniform the silver deposition on the surface of microspheres. When the mass ratio of AgNO3 to PS microspheres is 2: 1, it can promote the uniform coating of silver shell and reduce the content of free silver. Ultrasonic assisted electroless plating for 10 min can prevent PS/Ag microspheres from agglomerating and improve the speed of electroless plating. The thickness of the silver shell on the surface of the PS microsphere is about 200 nm.
Effect of multi-pass deformation on microstructure and flow behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated through hot isostatic pressing
Authors: Zhang Jishi , Liu Haijun , Xu Kaihua , Zhang Zhimin , Wang Qiang , Xue Yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy specimens fabricated through hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were made by multi-pass thermal deformation. The temperature was 950 °C, 850 °C and 900 °C for one pass, two passes and three passes, respectively, and each pass corresponded to three strain rate (i.e. 0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1 and 1 s−1), in addition, the total reduction in height was 70%. When the true strain was greater than 0.51 and the strain rate was 1 s−1, the stress-strain curves showed the phenomenon of flow softening. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the diffraction peak of α lattice plane of (0002) increased first and then declined with the strain under the strain rate of 0.1 s−1. Besides, the Vickers hardness increased with the strain at the same strain rate and was not sensitive to strain rate. Moreover, when the strain rate was 0.1 s−1, the fraction of LAGBs decreased from two passes to three passes and the microstructure results showed that the fraction of equiaxed α phases increased with the passes increasing. This is due to the strain energy increased as the increasing passes which could provide driving force for dynamic recrystallization (DRX). At the same amount of deformation, increasing the strain rate, the slender lamellar α bended and the equiaxed α grains gradually took place of the discontinuous lamellar α. Additionally, the spheroidization mechanism of lamellar α phase was mainly through grain boundaries bulging. After completing three passes deformation, the average grain size was approximately 12 μm.
Improved glucose oxidation catalytic current generation by an FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase-modified hydrogel electrode, in accordance with the Hofmeister effect
Authors: Yoshida Aimi , Tsujimura Seiya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Herein, we describe the effect of varying anions in an electrolyte solution on current generation by a redox hydrogel electrode. The electrode surface is coated with a thin film of hydrogel matrix, consisting of an osmium (Os) redox polymer including tethered Os complexes, polymer backbone, and a redox enzyme. In this case, the enzymes employed are flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH), which catalyzes glucose oxidation, and the result was compared with that reported earlier for glucose oxidase (GOx). The hydrogel matrix facilitates efficient electron transfer from glucose to the electrode via collision of the Os complexes and thus acts as a mediator. The degree of impact of anions on current generation is characteristic of the Hofmeister series. Chaotropic anions, such as nitrate and chloride, increase and decrease the catalytic current produced by FAD-GDH and GOx hydrogel electrodes, respectively. Such anions can adsorb onto the cationic region of the FAD-GDH surface and induce a negative charge, which enhances electrostatic interactions between the enzyme and the positively charged Os polymer. Kosmotropic anions, such as sulphate and phosphate increase the catalytic current due to hydrogel shrinkage, which increases the relative concentrations of both enzyme and mediator within the hydrogel architecture due to an increase in density. High-performance electrode design depends on understanding the impact of ion identity on catalytic current responses of redox hydrogel electrodes.
Characterisation of CVD diamond with high concentrations of nitrogen for magnetic-field sensing applications
Authors: Edmonds Andrew M , Hart Connor A , Turner Matthew J , Colard Pierre-Olivier , Schloss Jennifer M , Olsson Kevin S , Trubko Raisa , Markham Matthew L , Rathmill Adam , Horne-Smith Ben , Lew Wilbur , Manickam Arul , Bruce Scott , Kaup Peter G , Russo Jon C , DiMario Michael J , South Joseph T , Hansen Jay T , Twitchen Daniel J , Walsworth Ronald L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond are a leading platform for practical quantum sensors. Reproducible and scalable fabrication of NV-ensembles with desired properties is crucial, as is an understanding of how those properties influence performance. This work addresses these issues by characterising nitrogen-doped diamond produced by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method across a range of synthesis conditions. This is shown to produce material with widely differing absorption characteristics, which is linked to the level of defects other than substitutional nitrogen (NS) and NV. In such material, the achievable concentration of NV− ([NV−]) is found to be influenced by the as-grown properties. At the 10–20 ppm level for [NS], the production of CVD-grown material with strain levels sufficient not to limit achievable device sensitivity is demonstrated and a favourable product of [NV−] and

T

2

*

is obtained. Additionally, reproducible properties over a batch of 23 samples from a single synthesis run are achieved, which appears promising for the scalability efforts underway in this area of research.
Adopting an adaptation‑mitigation‑resilience framework to ageing
Authors: Gietel-Basten Stuart 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Population ageing is presented as one of the ‘grand challenges’ of the 21st century. Yet, policies designed to offset these challenges seem to be a jumbled, disjointed mix with no clear, overarching narrative. One of the successes of climate change science is the development of a clear, distinguishable framework to plan action: adaptation, mitigation and resilience. This framework can be applied to designing better policy for ageing: adapting to support people in need today; mitigating future challenges by ensuring that people and institutions ‘age better’; and building resilience by developing both a longer-term perspective and policy learning framework.
Mobility-Guided Estimation of COVID-19 Transmission Rates
Authors: Parker Dylan , Pianykh Oleg 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is of critical importance to estimate changing disease-transmission rates and their dependence on population mobility. A common approach to this problem involves fitting daily transmission rates using a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-(SEIR) model (regularizing to avoid overfitting) and then computing the relationship between the estimated transmission rate and mobility. Unfortunately, there are often several very different transmission-rate trajectories that can fit the reported cases well, meaning that the choice of regularization determines the final solution (and thus the mobility–transmission rate relationship) selected by the SEIR model. Moreover, the classical approaches to regularization—penalizing the derivative of the transmission rate trajectory—do not correspond to realistic properties of pandemic spread. Consequently, models fitted using derivative-based regularization are often biased toward underestimating the current transmission rate and future deaths. In this work, we propose mobility-driven regularization of the SEIR transmission rate trajectory. This method rectifies the artificial regularization problem, produces more accurate and unbiased forecasts of future deaths, and estimates a highly interpretable relationship between mobility and the transmission rate. For this analysis, mobility data related to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was collected by Safegraph (San Francisco, California) from major US cities between March and August 2020.