bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol synthetic wastewater degradation in a DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) reactor
Authors: Permata Y E , Cahyani R A , Karamah E F , Bismo S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study the content of phenol and 2,4-DCP (2,4-dichlorophenol) in synthetic wastewater was decomposed using the excitation technique of a mixture of waste liquid and air in a cold plasma Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor. The purpose of this study was to study the degradation process of organic compounds of phenol and 2,4-DCP liquid waste into simpler compounds. Plasma technology applied to the liquid-air mixture in the DBD reactor has the ability to oxidize and degrade organic synthetic wastewater into simpler compounds with relatively faster processing times without forming new waste compounds. Plasma air (excited air) will degrade wastewater by breaking the atomic bonds of synthetic wastewater compounds at high voltages between 220 - 330 V. The performance of the degradation process of synthetic waste can be known through analysis of phenolic compounds, hydroxyl and dissolved ozone, COD, and the final product. The parameters studied in this study are air gas flow rate 2 - 2.5 L/min, waste water flow rate 52 - 100 mL/min, plasma voltage between 220 - 330 V, and volume of waste water. This study also compared the degradation process of phenol and 2,4-DCP in cold plasma DBD reactor with the degradation process in multi-injection bubble column reactor. The removal efficiency of the process achieved 57.5% for phenol and 89.55% for 2,4-DCP.
Agriculture waste from banana peel as low cost adsorbent in treating methylene blue from batik textile waste water effluents
Authors: Abu Bakar A A , Wan Mazlan W N R , Akbar N A , Badrealam S , Muhammad Ali K A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Batik industrial textile waste water effluent if improperly disposed to the catchment can cause the water pollution that will endanger human health and the environment. The contaminants discharge in the dye processing causes the water pollution. Banana peel is a potential agriculture waste that can be used to reduce the concentration of color from synthetic dye effluents. This study is aim to determine the potential of banana peel as agricultural waste adsorbent for Methylene Blue (MB) removal at different contact time (15minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, and 180 minutes) and different adsorbent dosage (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, and 0.4 gram) and to develop kinetic model for Methylene Blue (MB) removal. The experiments were conducted at room temperature using batch study. As the banana peel dosage is added from 0.05 g to 0.4 g in 100 ml of Methylene Blue solution, the percentage of MB solution removal also increase from 34.69 % to 86.88 %, indeed due to the increase in phenolic compounds adsorption rates. The adsorption process reached the optimum contact time at 150 minutes with MB solution removal of 86.22 %. The kinetic data obtained specified that the data follow closely the pseudo-second-order. It is concluded that banana peel can act effectively as natural adsorbent in treating Methylene Blue (MB) from batik textile wastewater effluents.
Intake pressure and brake mean effective pressure analysis on various intake manifold design
Authors: Pahmi A , Hisyam Basri M , Mustaffa M E , Yaakob Y , Sharudin H , Ismail N I , Talib R J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The internal combustion engine has an intake system that preparing sufficient charges for the engine cylinder. This study is focused on the effect of different intake geometry on the intake pressure and brake mean effective pressure to correlate volumetric efficiency and brake power performance. Five types of intake geometry are simulated by a one-dimensional computational tool. Through the simulations, it can be found the maximum volumetric efficiency predicted by taper design at 1.15 bar of intake pressure and 12.50 bar of brake mean effective pressure when volumetric efficiency reached to 115% and brake power of 19.5 kW. The baseline intake and bellmouth intake showing intake pressure at 0.91 bar and 0.94 bar except for both single bend intake and s-bend intake indicated 0.92 bar intake pressure and 9.35 bar of brake mean effective pressure. The measurement of intake pressure and brake mean effective pressure over various intake geometry displayed a significant influence on the volumetric efficiency and brake power trend.
Scaling Up of Continuous Mineral Carbonation Reactor for the Production of High Value PCC Products
Authors: Ghaddaffi M N M , Syazwan O M , Syazwan M S M , Aimen I M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The concept of supercritical CO2 mineral carbonation reaction was firstly proven and demonstrated in the laboratory scale using a 100cc high pressure PVT recombination chamber. Successful proof of concept led PETRONAS to scale up this reaction by developing a working prototype mineral carbonation reactor with the intention of demonstrating the continuous operation of the supercritical CO2 mineral carbonation process. The setup comprising of a feedstock tank, a high pressure liquid pump, a 0.8L high pressure tubular reactor, injector spray nozzle was thoroughly tested to understand the feasibility and robustness of the prototype reactor design and configuration. Another purpose was to study the effect of varying parameters such as reactor pressure, feedstock injection flow rate and compositional effect of methane in carbon dioxide gas reactant to the properties of the precipitated calcium carbonate produced from this process scheme. In summary, the setup was successful to demonstrate the concept of continuous supercritical mineral carbonation reaction up to 1.5 litre/min feedstock injection flow rate. The effect of reactor working pressure and feedstock injection flow rate was the main factors determining the properties and quality of precipitated calcium carbonate produced. Particle size distribution of the calcium carbonate precipitates produced from this setup averaged approximately 6 microns in size. Other parameters such as gas composition and recycling of carrier fluid sucrose have less effect on the properties of the product.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation to predict the effect of the equivalence ratio on the temperature distribution in a pyrolysis furnace
Authors: Muharam Y , David  , Jose A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research investigated numerically the effect of the equivalence ratio on the temperature distribution in an industrial non-premixed flat flame burner with methane as the fuel. The burner configuration is a wall-fired one to produce a flat flame with a large cross-sectional area to effectively radiate heat to tubes contained in a pyrolysis furnace. The temperature distribution was predicted by using a phenomenological model consisting of mass balance, energy balance and momentum balance with computational fluid dynamics approach. Fluid flow was explained by the k-ε turbulent momentum balance, and the reaction rate was approached to eddy dissipation model. Simulation results show that the change in the equivalence ratios affects the temperature distribution so that this variable needs to be adjusted with certain considerations for pyrolysis process.
Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity of indigenous herbs, Physalis minima linn
Authors: Nurhaslina C R , Mealianny H , Mustapa A N , Mohd Azizi C Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Physalis minima linn is a plant under the Solanaceae family having secondary metabolites with distinct biological activities. The total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity on different parts (leaves, whole plant, stem, roots and fruits) of Physalis minima linn were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminium chloride colorimetric method and 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. Results demonstrated that leaves extract exhibited as the highest value of total phenolic content of 1125.42±14.60 mg of gallic acid (GAE) equivalent per gram of plant (dry extract). The low value of IC50 indicated that leaves, whole plant and fruits can be deemed as a good candidate for natural plant sources of antioxidants with high value of antioxidant activity.
Treatment of tapioca starch wastewater with ozonation and adsorption
Authors: Suryana M D , Salsabila N V , Karamah E F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this research, removal of cyanide and COD in tapioca starch wastewater by ozonation and adsorption using GAC examined. The method effectiveness evaluated from percentage of cyanide and COD degradation and ozone mass balance. Effect of degradation method, pH and ozone dose was determined using synthetic wastewater with initial cyanide concentration of 30 ppm and COD concentration of 1000 ppm. Using ozonation adsorption with pH 10 and ozone generation rate of 303 mg O3/h, 91.75% cyanide and 68.94% COD from synthetic wastewater was removed in 1 hour. Tapioca starch wastewater with cyanide concentration of 8.5 ppm and COD concentration of 4625 ppm treated using the same operating condition. Using this method, 87.06% cyanide and 43.23% COD was removed.
Acoustic emission characteristic for different thicknesses of RC slabs
Authors: Muhammad Sauki M I H , Nor N Md , Juhari N , Endut M Z 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Acoustic emission (AE) has been widely used for monitoring of the structure performance. However, identification of structure’s characteristic is still limited assess. Hence, this paper presents the characteristic of AE of different thicknesses of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. Two different thicknesses of grade C25/30 RC slabs which are 125 mm and 175 mm were prepared and designated as S125 and S175, respectively. The slabs were designed based on Eurocode 2 with the size of 500 mm width x 1000 mm length were tested under three-point loading in conjunction with the AE monitoring. The maximum loads of the slabs were identified. The acoustic signal strength was analyzed and discussed. It is found that the maximum load of the RC slabs is increased as the thickness of the slab increases. Moreover, the signal strength of S175 is greater than the S125. Hence, this study is beneficial to provide factual data on the maximum load and AE characteristic of different thicknesses of slab.
Removal of colour using banana stem adsorbent in textile wastewater
Authors: Akbar N A , Sabri S , Abu Bakar A A , Azizan N S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The potential use of banana stem adsorbent has been investigated via batch adsorption experiment. A series of batch experiment was carried out to determine the effect of various adsorbent dosage ( 0.2 – 1.4 g) and various contact time ( 15 – 120 minutes). Analysis on adsorption isotherm was done using Langmuir and Freundlich model. In addition to it, the behaviour and mechanism of adsorption was analysed using kinetic model, namely Pseudo-first order and pseudo second order kinetic. The result shows that more than 90% of colour was removed at optimum dosage of 1 g of banana stem adsorbent in 100 mL synthetic dye at optimum contact time of 90 minutes. Analysis of isotherm models showed that the adsorption of colour by banana stem adsorbent was fitted to Freundlich with coefficient of determination, r1 of 0.917. Adsorption kinetics of colour showed that Pseudo-second order fit better (r2 = 0.99) than Pseudo-first order (r2 = 0.94) kinetic model. From the result, it was indicated that the adsorption of colour occurred by multilayer on a heterogeneous surface of the banana stem through the chemical reaction process. As a conclusion, the use of banana stem adsorbent has good potential for colour removal in textile wastewater treatment because of low cost of the media. Thus, it is an alternative to overcome problems related to an excessive of colour in dye wastewater treatment plant.
Performance of porous asphalt pavement using clay brick dust as mineral filler
Authors: Joohari M I , Aziz N A , Daud N M , Mansor S , Abdul Halim M A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High demand of recycling waste materials are able to solve disposal problem which created opportunities for researcher to use it in their product. Waste clay brick dust is one of the material can be improvised to be tested for the performance of porous asphalt pavement towards rutting problem. In this study, crushed dust of clay brick was used in porous asphalt mixture as mineral filler. 15 samples were produced in different proportions (4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5% and 6%) of bitumen content and each proportion have three samples. The optimum bitumen content (OBC) obtained was 4.75% for modified and 5.9% for conventional porous asphalt. Rutting Test was then tested to evaluate the performance of porous asphalt after being modified with clay dust and compared with conventional mixture of porous asphalt. Modified mixture showed a slight higher in rutting depth of 2.2 mm compared to the conventional mixture of 1.6 mm. This means that modified mixture is less in rutting strength. However, the drain down test showed that modified samples are more intact between binder and aggregate and able to sustain in high temperature. Further modifications are required to enhance rutting strength for modified mixture.
Preparation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by chemical activation and its application for β-carotene adsorption in crude palm oil
Authors: Hidayu A R , Sukor M Z , Mohammad N F , Elham O S J , Azri N I , Azhar M A I , Jalil M J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The losses of β-carotene in crude palm oil (CPO) during bleaching process in the industry of oleo chemical bring apprehension because β-carotene is the most important vitamin A precursor that can helps to prevent night blindness, eye problems and skin disorders, and could enhance immunity and protects against toxins, colds, flu and infections.Yet, recovery of β-carotene can be done by adsorption using activated carbon. Accordingly, the study aimed to prepare activated carbon from palm kernel shell (PKSAC) by chemical activation and its application for β-carotene adsorption in CPO has been examined. Activation of palm kernel shell carbon was done chemically using Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) at impregnation ratio of 1:1 mass basis for 24 hours and carbonization was done at 500 °C for 30 min, 60 min, 90 min respectively called as PKSAC30, PKSAC60 and PKSAC90. PKSAC are characterized using ultimate analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The capability of PKSAC to adsorb β-carotene was studied using n-hexane as a solvent. β-carotene adsorption test was carried out in a lab-scale batch adsorption reactor. SEM and FTIR analysis result revealed the PKSAC has fibrous morphology and indicates that raw PKS was successfully converted to carbon after activation process and was proven by spectra of previous researchers. For adsorption testing, PKSAC90 give the highest percentage removal of β-carotene, 69%.
Comparative study of acid-treated and alkali-treated carbonised Kapok–fibres for oil/water absorption system
Authors: Abdullah M , Mohd Azlin Shah N A F N , Mohamed Saadun M A A , Kadiran K A , Zaiton S N ‘A , Azman H A , Othman Z S , Osman M S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Kapok predominantly utilized as an adsorbent in removing wastewater such as dye, oil and heavy metals. However, a comparative study between acid-treated and alkali-treated carbonized Kapok fibers has not been carried out in detail. In this study, as-made Kapok fibers were carbonized and subsequently undergo acid (HCL) and alkali (NaOH) treatment. The resultant treated Kapok fibers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Elemental Analyzer (EA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). As-made carbonized Kapok fibers were tested with oil/water absorption model system. A reduction of band intensity at 1740 cm−1 and 1245 cm−1 occurred for NaOH treated sample compared with HCL. The composition of carbon in Kapok fiber increased after carbonization treatment using NaOH (62.42%) and HCL (66.15%) compared with untreated (0.17%). For oil/water absorption system, the result indicated that HCL-treated Kapok fibre was the highest absorption on 28.10 gg−1 diesel, 27.28 gg−1 petrol and 39.84 gg−1 for used vegetable oil respectively in comparison with NaoH-treated and as-made carbonized Kapor fibers. In conclusion, modification of the surface of carbonized Kapok fibers could significantly alter its textural properties which could enhance its oil absorptive behavior.
Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion instability in emulsion liquid membrane: membrane breakage
Authors: Shah Buddin M M H , Mohd Noor Salizan N D S , Ahmad A L , Elham O S J , Rashidi A R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion system in Emulsion liquid Membrane (ELM) consist of three main phases which are membrane phase, internal phase and external phase. However, ELM performance is reported to be heavily affected by the emulsion stability. Instability of emulsions occurred as a result of metastable colloids that are made of two immiscible liquids, where one being dispersed in the other with the presence of surface-active agent. Membrane breakage was identified as one of the causes of emulsion instability. This research work focuses on identifying best condition that records minimal breakage hence, high efficiency of solute removal can be anticipated. Influence of homogenization time and speed, carrier concentration and surfactant concentration on membrane breakage were investigated. Data recorded shows that the emulsion needs to be homogenized at 8000 rpm for 15 mins to obtain minimal breakage of membrane. On top of that, membrane phase consists of 4 wt% of carrier (D2EHPA) and 4 wt% of surfactant (Span 80) dissolved in kerosene is needed. 0.14% of breakage was recorded at the conditions mentioned.
Stabilisation of soft soil using palm oil fuel ash and palm oil fibre
Authors: Lim S Y , Shakri M S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Development requires new findings and innovative science to support. This research aims to study the simulation of soft ground improvement by comparing the soil strength after mixing with pozzolanic and fibrous additive such as Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Palm Oil Fibre (POF) were chosen due to its redundancy found as industrial waste material. The soft soil sample collected was added with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% percentage of additives by weight respectively. The soil sample used was from the soil that passed through sieve size of 0.425 mm. The data and analysis show that POF treated soil has a higher optimum moisture content and greater shear strength than the POFA treated soil.
Temperature regulation for distillation process using self-tuning fuzzy plus PID controller
Authors: Suhaime N F A , Muhammad Z , Yusoff Z M , Leh N A M , Hashim M H C , Zaki M A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a self-tuning fuzzy logic controller plus PID controller that applied for essential oil extraction process. The most popular technique in extraction essential oil is using steam distillation. This method is lack to the process requirement and also towards parameter change. In order to regulate the steam distillation at desired extraction condition, the controller needs to integrate to the plant. By using auto regressive model with external input (ARX) model structure, the temperature of steam was successfully modelled with best fit 98.42%. This model was successfully representing the system during controller simulation work. There are several controllers that demonstrated in this project which are self-tuning fuzzy PID controller (STFPID) and conventional PID. Both controller will compare their performance in terms of system response which are percent overshoot (%OS), settling time (Ts) and also rise time (Tr). As the result, the STFPID with seven membership function gives the best performance compared to PID controller.
Comparative evaluation on rheology performance and thermal stability of ester based drilling fluids
Authors: Mohamad Daud A R , Abdullah S , Azizi A , Ariyanto E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Drilling fluid plays an important role in ensuring smooth drilling operations. Application of ester based drilling fluid (EBDF) is desirable as it shows comparable performance to the conventional oil based drilling fluid (OBDF) as well as environmental friendly. The ester used as a base in the EBDF is usually derived from vegetable oils such as palm oil. In this study, methyl laurate (ML), methyl palmitate (MP), and isopropyl laurate (IPL) esters were used as a base in the EBDF formulation. Subsequently, their physical and rheological properties were determined. In addition, thermal stability of the EBDF was tested to estimate the maximum operating temperature for the EBDF application. Isopropyl laurate (IPL) based EDBF was found to have better rheological properties at standard test condition as compared to the other two esters used. The IPL based EBDF also showed improved viscosity at 90°C. Thermal stability test conducted on the IPL drilling fluid indicated that it is stable up to 150°C.
Characterizations of poly-lactic acid/polypropylene filled with bamboo charcoal powder
Authors: Engku Zawawi E Z , Amirrudin M , Kamarun D , Bonnia N N , Rozana M D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, polymer blend was prepared in the ratio of Polypropylene (PP) to Polylactic acid (PLA) of 70:30 by weight. Bamboo charcoal powder (BC), at different loading was added to identify its potential use as filler for the PP/PLA blend. The polymer blend and composites were prepared by using a twin screw extruder. The effects of BC content on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PP/PLA blend were investigated. The results of tensile strength and Izod impact strength show a significant decreased with the addition of BC content. The Young modulus of composites was significantly increased (80%) with the addition of 20 wt.% BC content. The SEM results of composites with 20 wt.% BC filler show a brittle fracture surface. TGA results revealed that, blending PP with PLA cause an increase in thermal stability of PLA. However, the incorporation of 20 wt.% BC has shifted the temperature of initial weight loss of PP/PLA blend towards lower temperature. DSC measurement indicates that the melting temperature (Tm) values of the PP/PLA blend decrease with the addition of 20 wt% BC content, from 169 to 164 °C.
Adsorption study of acrylamide-tertiary-butyl sulfonate (ATBS)/ acrylamide copolymer in polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process
Authors: Sazali R A , Roslan M S , Jarrahian K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polymer flood is known as the most important enhanced oil recovery technology due to its various advantageous and relatively cheaper price. However, it comes with associated problems of polymer adsorption that leads to injectivity loss. This work aims in studying various parameters that may affect the ATBS/ Acrylamide copolymer adsorption in a porous medium to optimize the polymer scheme. Synthetic D brine with D sand sample was mixed and tested in static and dynamic condition. These tests were conducted at room temperature and 90°C whereby the core flooding experiments were conducted with varied flowrate through Berea Sand Core sample. Results show that a higher brine salinity and a longer aging time leads to higher adsorption rate whereas adsorption static test conducted at replicated reservoir condition of 90°C resulted in lower adsorption capacity than at room temperature. Also, static adsorption was found to be higher than the dynamic adsorption due to the changes in the specific surface area and the extent of mechanical retention present in the dynamic core flood experiment. In conclusion, the type of polymer used in polymer flooding must be carefully chosen to serve the need for a specific reservoir condition so that the adsorption phenomenon is minimized.