bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS USAHA JUAL BELI KAMBING DI KELURAHAN TEMBILAHAN KOTA KECAMATAN TEMBILAHAN
Authors: Yuslizar Yuslizar , Syahrantau Gunawan 
Published: September 2020

Meningkatnya permintaan terhadap produk peternakan menyebabkan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat. Salah-satu jenis ternak yang cukup potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah ternak kambing. Ternak Kambing di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir sudah cukup dikenal oleh masyarakat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pendapatan tambahan dalam usahatani terutama di daerah pedesaan. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Tahun 2018, potensi usaha peternakan untuk daging ± 45%, maka peluang potensi pengembangan usaha kambing di Tembilahan Kota sangat potensial dilihat dari permintaan lebih besar dari ketersediaan yang ada. Namun yang menjadi permasalahan adalah banyak para peternak belum mengetahui seberapa besar efesiensi usaha tersebut, kemudian tidak tercatat dengan baiknya biaya yang telah dikeluarkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah : (1) pendapatan usaha, (2) efesiensi usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) rata-rata keuntungan yang diperoleh adalah sebesar Rp. 8.370.412,00 per produksi, (2) Nilai RCR adalah sebesar 1,12 yang berarti usaha jual beli kambing efesien.
Kata Kunci: Peternakan, Pendapatan, Potensial
DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS IN CONTRUCTION AND CONTEXT OF USE: SLANG LANGUAGE
Authors: Suhardianto Suhardianto , Suryani Melly Siska 
Published: September 2020

This research is aimed to find a comparison of how each language (colloquail, slang, transformational) are formed and in what context is used. This research is descriptive qualitative research. At the stage of providing data, researchers use Simak and Cakap technique. In the process of data analysis, the researchers use the method of padan and agih method. The agih method is used to look at the slang language constructs in each period while the method of padan is used to describe the adolescent Perspective in the use of colloquail, slang and transformational language from time to time. The result of the research shows that the way how the three non standard language is different from each other. Colloquail language are formed by changing “a” to “e” in final syllable, Deletion of First Syllable, New word formation, Additional Syllable “nge”, Change “a” to “e” in final syllable and add “an”, and Additional particle “deh”, “aja”, “kok”, “ama”. Slang language are formed by Initial Each Word Collection, Word letter choosen, Deletion of initial letter and syllable, Change of “s’ to “c”, Change of “k” to “q”, Change of “au” to “w”, Change of “u” to “oe”, Adoption of basic words, English language abbreviation, English-Indonesia Abreviation, Citation and new word construction.Transformational language are formed by Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula after single vowel sound syllable, Ga/G, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula before dipthong sound syllable, Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula before last consonant sound, and Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula for cluster consonant. The colloquial language usage context is more influenced by the habitual aspects heard by speakers in their environment such as at home, in markets, playgrounds, and certain other events. Slang languages, its use is influenced by the juvenile community environment where users only on the uses level 12 to 19 years. Transformational language was influenced by the desire to hide speech to people who were not from their groups like parents and strangers.
STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING APPLICATION LETTER AT FOURTH SEMESTER ASM PERSADA BUNDA PEKANBARU
Authors: DIANA LIA 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

The study purposed to determine if application letter can improve the students writing skill. The research intent onto the students’ ability English functional writing, especially in writing application letter at the fourth semester ASM Persada Bunda Pekanbaru. The research participants were the fourth semester students of Akademi Sekretaris dan Manajemen (ASM) Persada Bunda Pekanbaru. There were 5 students. The research determined that application letter coud improve the students writing’s skill. This research is qualitative research. The writer collects the data using the test and the documentation. The test is written test of application letter in English subject for the students at the fourth semester of ASM Persada Bunda Pekanbaru. Then, the students’ sheet were corrected by scoring rubric of business letter. Finally, the writer analyzes the students’ score .

Key words: Application letter, Writing Ability,
STUDENTS’ ERRORS ANALYSIS IN CHANGING ACTIVE VOICE INTO PASSIVE VOICE OF SIMPLE PRESENT AND PAST TENSE (A CASE STUDY AT EIGHTH GRADE OF SMP SWASTA PUTERI SION MEDAN)
Authors: Manurung Dian Septiana , Lestari Lince , Manik Monica Evaliani 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This research was purposed to analyze students’ errors in changing active into passive voice of simple present and past tense. This study used descriptive qualitative research design. The data source was students’ test printed papers which contained passive voice questions as the instrument. The subject was eighth grade of SMP Swasta Puteri Sion Medan which consisted of 31 students. The data was identified, classified, and analyzed based on surface strategy taxonomy of Dulay’s theory, namely error of omission with percentage 23,3%, error of addition with percentage 12,19%, error of misformation with percentage 55,82% which established as the dominant error, and error of misordering with percentage 8,67%. The total of errors’ percentage reached 99,98%.

Keywords: Error Analysis, Passive Voice.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif dalam simple present dan past tense. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data adalah lembar kerja siswa yang dicetak yang berisi pertanyaan kalimat pasif sebagai instrumennya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII SMP Swasta Puteri Sion Medan dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 31 orang. Data diidentifikasi, diklasifikasikan, dan dianalisis berdasarkan kesalahan taksonomi siasat permukaan dari teori Dulay, yaitu kesalahan penghilangan dengan persentase 23,3%, kesalahan penambahan dengan persentase 12,19%, kesalahan salah formasi dengan persentase 55,82% yang ditetapkan sebagai kesalahan dominan dan kesalahan salah susun dengan persentase 8,67%. Total persentase kesalahan mencapai 99,98%.

Kata kunci: Analisis kesalahan, kalimat pasif.
THE EFFECTS OF IMPLICIT VERSUS EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS TO TEACH REFUSAL STRATEGIES ON STUDENTS’ SOCIOPRAGMATIC AND PRAGMALINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
Authors: Handayani Trifita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purposes of the study were to explain the effects of implicit instruction on student’s sociopragmatic competences, implicit instructions on students’ pragmalinguistic competences, explicit instructions on students’ sociopragmatic competences, explicit instructions on students’ pragmalinguistic competences, the differences between implicit and explicit instructions on students’ sociopragmatic competences, the differences between implicit and explicit instructions on student’s pragmalinguistic competences, and the interaction between instructions with the students’ sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competences. The study used a quantitative research by using experimental factorial design 2x2. The data were taken from 80 second semester students at English Language Education Study Program at STAIN. The result of the study revealed that the mean score of post-test in implicit instruction on students’ sociopragmatic was 80.000 while explicit 92.550. Meanwhile, the mean score of post-test in implicit instruction on students’ pragmalinguistic was 83.000 while explicit 95.5000. It could be concluded that explicit has better effect to teach refusal strategies than implicit instruction on students’ sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence based on the difference between the means score on implicit and explicit.
Teologi Agama-agama Tipologi Tripolar; Eksklusivisme, Inklusivisme dan Kajian Pluralisme
Authors: Zamakhsari Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Tripolar typology is one of the approaches to theology of religions that was popularized by Alan Race. This typology is used as a standard in theological studies of religions, and is still widely used in the theological discourse of religions. Tripolar typology used to map various approaches theologians and theologians non-Christian on the relation of Christianity with religions. other This mapping is based on the similarities and differences in their perspective on other religions outside Christianity. The three typologies are exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism.Komarudin Hidayat stated that there are five typologies of religious attitudes, namely "exclusivism, inclusivism, pluralism, eclecivism, and universalism". These five typologies do not mean that each is separated and disconnected from the other nor permanent, but rather it is said to be a prominent trend, considering that every religion or religious attitude always has the potential to produce the five attitudes above. Even though there are differences in theological types of religion with other religious scholars, such as Panikkar, who mentions three typologies: exclusive, inclusive, and parallelism, essentially the typological mentions contain the same meaning and meaning. Therefore, we will discuss the typologies of religion.
Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi Merah (Abelmoschus manihot (l.) medik) Terhadap Persentase Interleukin-10 (Il-10) dan Sel T Sitotoksik (Cd8+) Tikus Model Diabetes Tipe II
Authors: Kamilah Nur , Hakim Reza , Purnomo Yudi 
Published: September 2020

Pendahuluan: Inflamasi akibat kerusakan oksidatif yang dipicu hiperglikemia berperan terhadap progresivitas diabetes melitus (DM). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) dan CD8+ berpengaruh terhadap proses inflamasi. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan yang diharapkan dapat menurunkan inflamasi pada patofisiologi DM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik terhadap persentase IL-10 dan CD8+ tikus model DM.Metode: Tikus Sprague Dawley jantan, 4-6 minggu dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok kontrol normal (KN), kelompok kontrol diabetes melitus (KDM), kelompok ekstrak etanol daun gedi merah (EEDGM) 200 mg/kgBB, EEDGM 400 mg/kgBB dan EEDGM 800 mg/kgBB (n=5). Hewan coba diinduksi diet tinggi lemak-fruktosa (DTLF) selama 10 minggu dan Streptozotocin (STZ) dosis rendah 25 mg/kgBB intraperitoneal dosis ganda pada minggu ke 4. EEDGM 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB diberikan selama 4 minggu. Pengukuran persentase CD8+ dan IL-10 menggunakan flowcytometry. Analisa data menggunakan One Way Anova dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD (p<0,05).Hasil: Induksi DTLF dan STZ pada kelompok KDM menurunkan persentase IL-10 dan meningkatkan persentase CD8+ dibandingkan KN (p<0.05). Pemberian EEDGM dosis 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB signifikan meningkatkan persentase IL-10 berturut-turut sekitar ½ dan ¾ dibandingkan kelompok KDM (p<0,05). Pemberian EEDGM dosis 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB dan 800 mg/kgBB menurunkan persentase CD8+ berturut-turut 1/5, 1/3 dan 1/10 dibandingkan kelompok KDM (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Pemberian EEDGM meningkatkan persentase IL-10 dan menurunkan persentase CD8+ tikus model diabetes
A DESCRIPTION OF ORAL AND SWALLOWING CHARACTERISTICS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES
Authors: KILINÇ Hasan Erkan , ALEMDAROĞLU İpek , BULUT Numan , SEREL ARSLAN Selen , KARADUMAN Aynur Ayşe , TUNCA Öznur 
Published: September 2020

Objective:The aim of our study was to put forth the existing problems about oral structure/function and swallowing function in patients who have different pediatric nuromuscular diseases (NMD’s).
Methods:Fourty five pediatric patients with NMD’s aged 10.22±3.32 years old were included in the study. Oral intake levels of patients were determined with Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). Oral structural and functional examination, assesment of complaints related to swallowing problems, and three ounce water swallow test were perfomed to all patients.
Reseults: In oral assessment, structural problems were determined at varying rates between 13.3% and 46.6%, problems related to oral functions between %4.4 and 26.6%, and complaints related to swallowing problems between 11.1% to 33.3%. Five patients (%11) were failed in three ounce water swallow test.
Conclusion:The findings related to oral structure/function and swallowing function indicate a risk of swallowing dysfunction with different symptoms and problems in NMD’s. These symptoms may result in life-threatening complications added to their current neuromuscular problems.
Keywords: Swallowing, Oral Examination, Aspiration Pneumonia
Relasionalitas “Aku” dan “Engkau” dalam Masyarakat Indonesia yang Majemuk Sebagai Gambaran dari Relasionalitas Trinitas
Authors: Pasi Gregorius 
Published: September 2020

To the Catholic faithful, the “I” and “You” relationality of Indonesia’s pluralistic society “formulated” in the third principle of Pancasila (Persatuan Indonesia = a unified Indonesia) and in the nation’s motto “Bhineka Tunggal Ika” (Unity in Diversity) can point towards trinitary relationality. Using the critical reading approach to Pancasila and moto Bhineka Tunggal Ika, this study has discovered the four following issues: Firstly, the relationality between “I” and “You” in Indonesian society can point towards the intersubjective relationality of the Trinity. Secondly, the principle of Bhineka Tunggal Ika can point towards the principle of unity in the diversity of the Trinity. Thirdly, the transcendence of “Kami” (We-excluding-You) towards “Kita” (We-including-You) in Indonesian society can point towards the openness of the Trinity to establish unity with humans who are fundamentaly different from God. Fourthly, mutual participation relationality in Indonesian society can point towards the principle of perichoresis of the Trinity.
Kesenjangan Pembangunan di Tingkat Lokal: Refleksi atas Implementasi Otonomi Daerah di Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Fathur , Astagini Arifah , Fahmi Effendy Ahmad Dellan 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK
Pembangunan adalah suatu proses yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus dalam rangka memperbaiki indikator sosial maupun ekonomi pada suatu wilayah dari waktu ke waktu. Kabupaten Blitar adalah salah satu daerah yang melakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan pembangunan. Namun, kenyataannya masih ada daerah di Kabupaten Blitar yang mengalami kesenjangan pembangunan, pembangunan hanya berfokus di Blitar Utara dibandingkan Blitar Selatan. Hal ini yang membuat peneliti tertarik untuk menjadikan Kesenjangan Pembangunan di Kabupaten Blitar menjadi studi dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya kesenjangan pembangunan di Kabupaten Blitar bagian utara dan selatan, dalam bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan mulai tahun 1999-2014 dengan menggunakan studi kasus Kecamatan Kanigoro dan Bakung. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan wawancara langsung kepada seluruh aktor yang terlibat dengan beberapa indikator dari bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan yang dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil analisis disajikan melalui hasil wawancara yang menunjukkan bahwa penyebab kesenjangan pembangunan di Blitar utara dan selatan pada bidang pendidikan adalah pembangunan fasilitas pendukung di sekolah lebih fokus dibangun di Kecamatan Kanigoro sebagai pusat kota, sedangkan di Kecamatan Bakung hanya untuk pemeliharaan infrastruktur bangunan. Sehingga mengakibatkan fasilitas pendukung sekolah di Kecamatan Kanigoro lebih lengkap dibandingkan dengan Kecamatan Bakung. Selanjutnya, pada fasilitas puskesmas di Kecamatan Kanigoro belum memiliki rawat inap dan ruang bersalin, sedangkan di Kecamatan Bakung memiliki 6 tempat tidur untuk rawat inap dan ruang bersalin. Hal ini menunjukkan fasilitas Puskesmas Bakung lebih tinggi dibandingkan Puskesmas Kanigoro. Namun, Kecamatan Kanigoro tetap memiliki kualitas kesehatan yang lebih lengkap karena di Kecamatan Kanigoro terdapat Rumah Sakit Swasta Medika Husada dan dekat dengan RSUD Ngudi Waluyo di Kecamatan Wlingi.
Resabios coloniales frente al siglo XXI
Authors: Vega-Centeno Bocángel Imelda 
Published: September 2020

En el mundo actual, los temas de la exclusión y el racismo son de la urgencia angustiante. En la civilizada Europa han surgido diversos movimientos neofascistas que desarrollan una gran agresividad frente al extranjero, en particular si sus características físicas son notoriamente diferentes —como los norafricanos, asiáticos y centroafricanos— y, peor aún, si su presencia es muy notoria en términos cuantitativos, Se les percibe entonces como a invasores, cuya presencia atenta contra el ansiado bienestar de todos.
La transoceánica Perú-Brasil
Authors: Amayo Enrique 
Published: September 2020

Paz y concordia son las palabras de orden que sintetizan el períritu de lo que quiere ser la Era Heisei del emperador actual de Japón, Akihito. Escoger esas palabras podría ser resultado del cálculo y raciocinio de la clase dirigente japonesa, en relación a una opción de largo plazo, pues, en nuestra opinión, sintetizan bien lo esencial de la doctrina de Seguridad Nacional Comprensiva (SNC). En la sucinta descripción posterior, nos orientaremos esencialemnte por el trabajo del importante investigador Victor Kerber. Es oportuno decir que aquí no vamos a profundizar en la discusión de la SNC, Japón, cuencas (amazónica y del Pacífico) o los Andes.
(Des)iguales ante la ley
Authors: Márquez Calvo Jaime 
Published: September 2020

La ciudadanía de la población indígena ha sido sistemáticamente cuestionada en la historia del Perú. Ello no ha sido un obstáculo, sin embargo, para que esta población —organizada en comunidades campesinas y nativas— desarrolle un reclame permanente por el respeto de sus derechos como personas y como pueblos. En este proceso, junto a otros componentes, la "dimensión étnica" ha sido y sigue siendo un importante factor de identidad en los movimientos campesinos, llegando a jugar un rol decisivo en la lucha por la vigencia de sus derechos, en su dimensión de derechos étnico-culturales, se encuentran presentes en las reivindicaciones y demandas de las organizaciones que representan a las comunidades indígenas en el Perú.
Ritual y cambio socio-económico
Authors: Arnold Simón Pedro 
Published: September 2020

La presente comunicación se ubica en el marco más amplio de una investigación en curso, no solamente en el contexto aymara y andino, sino también de manera comparativa en Rwanda, Burundi y Ghana. La problemática propuesta aquí parte de una constatación bastante común desde muchos años en el campo de las ciencias sociales: los diferentes modelos e intentos de desarrollo implementados desde hace treinta años en los países llamados del "Tercer Mundo" resultan ser, frecuentemente, un fracaso. Al respecto, los investigadores encuentran una de las explicaciones posibles —y a la vez una de las significaciones simbólico-religiosas para la comprensión y el manejo de la realidad socio-económica de un pueblo determinado.
Raza e historia
Authors: Marinho de Azevedo Celia Maria 
Published: September 2020

Una de las principales tareas de los abolicionistas era crear un sentimiento general de empatía a favor de los esclavos. Para difundir tal sentimiento, se hacía necesario, sobre todo, construir una imagen del esclavo como un ser humano dependiente, sin voluntad propia, sometido totalmente al poder del amo. La imagen del esclavo como víctima permitiría crear una empatía alrededor del esclavo. Fueron muchos y muy diferentes los recursos imaginarios empleados por los abolicionistas para expresar la idea del esclavo víctima.
¿Escritura o pintura? Un debate humanista en el Perú colonial
Authors: Del Pino Díaz Fermín 
Published: September 2020

Se ofrece un examen crítico de las posiciones que niegan el valor superior de la escritura alfabética, apoyado desde el humanismo clasicista (lingüística y etnográficamente), y en particular desde el argumento del P. Acosta sobre los diversos sistemas de memoria indianos. Para mostrar la posición indigenista del P. Acosta, se usan los testimonios del autor y de sus seguidores, en particular del Inca Garcilaso. Se ofrece asimismo una reflexión sobre el valor de la lingüística.
Instituições, mudança tecnológica e crescimento econômico
Authors: Castelli Jonattan Rodriguez , Conceição Octavio Augusto Camargo 
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma aproximação do escopo teórico de duas correntes do pensamento econômico, tentando demonstrar a estrita relação entre mudança técnica e mudança institucional e de que forma a interação entre elas determina a trajetória de crescimento econômico de um país. Ele contará com cinco seções, incluindo a introdução. Tentar-se-á construir uma ponte entre as escolas evolucionárias neo-schumpeteriana e neo-institucionalista, atrelando a mudança tecnológica à mudança institucional e, desta forma, compreender a forma como as trajetórias de crescimento econômico são definidas historicamente.
Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente como mecanismos propulsores de negócios e competitividade
Authors: Vilha Anapatrícia Morales , Dias Darlene Ramos 
Published: September 2020

Diante dos crescentes desafios impostos a práticas mais sustentáveis de gestão de resíduos sólidos e controle da poluição, empresas têm modificado suas formas de atuação e privilegiado o uso de novas tecnologias que mitiguem os impactos negativos de seus processos produtivos sobre o meio-ambiente. Essa orientação tem provocado uma reformulação das etapas do processo de inovação da empresa com a inclusão de novos arranjos institucionais, como as redes de conhecimento e parcerias que possam funcionar como um processo co-criativo. A combinação entre inovações e a questão ambiental abre uma ampla frente de oportunidades de negócios e em melhorias nos padrões competitivos empresariais. Assim, o presente artigo procura decifrar a natureza, as implicações e as consequências do uso de tecnologias ambientais por parte de empresas da região do ABC nos setores de automotiva, moveleira, petroquímica, plástico, cosmético e metalmecânico. Com base nos dados coletados através da aplicação de entrevistas com profissionais responsáveis pela área de inovaçãodas empresas, conclui-se que muito embora as empresas têm lidado com práticas ambientais mais sustentáveis, elas não estão vinculadas a processos internos de inovação, de produtos e processos. As empresas, portanto, não têm aproveitado as oprtunidades de negócios que se abrem a partir da inclusão da questão ambiental como prática empresarial.