bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Besides stem canker severity, oilseed rape host genotype matters for the production ofLeptosphaeria maculansfruiting bodies
Authors: Bousset Lydia , Vallée Patrick , Delourme Régine , Parisey Nicolas , Palerme Marcellino , Leclerc Melen 
Published: August 2020

SummaryFor fungal cyclic epidemics on annual crops, the pathogen carry-over is an important step in designing disease control strategies. However, it remains particularly difficult to estimate and predict. Plant resistance affects the pathogen development within the epidemics but we lack data on the inter-annual transmission of inoculum. We addressed this question by consideringLeptosphaeria maculanson 15 oilseed rape genotypes in field during 4 growing seasons. Stem canker severity of host genotypes was visually scored at harvest while the number of fruiting bodies produced on incubated stubble was quantified using an automated image analysis framework. Our results confirm that higher severity at harvest leads to higher fruiting body production and is significantly affected by host genotype and Nitrogen supply. Most interestingly, we show that the production of fruiting bodies is significantly and substantially affected by host genotype, independently of severity at harvest. Tracking individual stems through incubation, we confirm for the first time that the oilseed rape genotype has a direct effect, not only through disease severity. While the genericity of this finding should be investigated on other fungi, this major effect of genotype on inoculum carry-over should be taken into account in models of varietal deployment strategies.
Gene-based association analysis identified 190 genes with polymorphisms affecting neuroticism
Authors: Belonogova Nadezhda M. , Zorkoltseva Irina V. , Tsepilov Yakov A. , Axenovich Tatiana I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent genome-wide studies have reported about 600 genes potentially influencing neuroticism. Little is known about the mechanisms of their action. Here, we aimed to conduct a more detailed analysis of genes whose polymorphisms can regulate the level of neuroticism. Using UK Biobank-based GWAS summary statistics, we performed a gene-based association analysis using four sets of genetic variants within a gene differing in their protein coding properties. To guard against the influence of strong GWAS signals outside the gene, we used the specially designed procedure. As a result, we identified 190 genes associated with neuroticism due to their polymorphisms. Thirty eight of these genes were novel. Within all genes identified, we distinguished two slightly overlapping groups comprising genes that demonstrated association when using protein-coding and non-coding SNPs. Many genes from the first group included potentially pathogenic variants. For some genes from the second group, we found evidence of pleiotropy with gene expression. We demonstrated that the association of almost two hundred known genes could be inflated by the GWAS signals outside the gene. Using bioinformatics analysis, we prioritized the neuroticism genes and showed that the genes influencing the trait by their polymorphisms are the most appropriate candidate genes.
A meta-analysis of the quantitative studies in continuance intention to use an information system
Authors: Franque Frank Bivar , Oliveira Tiago , Tam Carlos , Santini Fernando de Oliveira 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study aims to describe, synthesise and clarify the findings of published studies on individual continuance intention to use an information system (IS), considering the fact that the number of studies in the continuance intention context are growing exponentially and cover several different subjects.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses meta- and weight analysis by taking 115 empirical studies from continuance intention to use an IS. The data are presented in different views using significant and non-significant relationships from all the studies. Furthermore, it uses hierarchical linear meta-analysis to analyse potential moderators that can influence continuance intention.FindingsThe results reveal that affective commitment, attitude, satisfaction, hedonic value and flow are the best predictors of continuance intention to use an IS. Sample size, individualism, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation moderate the relationship of perceived usefulness on continuance intention. Power distance, masculinity and indulgence moderate relationship satisfaction on continuance intention.Practical implicationsThe results reveal that continuance intention to use an IS has been studied in different countries, with different cultures; therefore, IS providers should have diversified managing strategies, to ensure the satisfaction of users and long-term usage of their IS.Originality/valueThe study provides a systematic overview of the most relevant variables used in the literature, including a temporal analysis of the theoretical models, highlighting the evolution of the constructs and presents a moderation analysis.
Financing decisions of firms: the roles of legal systems, shareholder rights and creditor rights
Authors: Özer Gökhan , Çam İlhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examine how firms finance their investments, dividends, and profit shortfalls in different institutional environments. Using firm‐level data from 71 countries, we employ a dynamic multi‐equation system addressing the interdependence and intertemporal nature of financing decisions. We find that equity and long‐term debt (short‐term debt and cash) play a major role in financing capital expenditures (working asset investment). As the institutional environment strengthens, (i) firms increase (decrease) their reliance on equity (debt) issuance in financing capital expenditures, (ii) firms decrease their leverage, and (iii) they extend their debt maturity. We further report several findings on the effects of financial development.
Lower tumor volume is associated with increased benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Icht Oded , Domachevsky Liran , Groshar David , Dudnik Elizabeth , Rotem Ofer , Allen Aaron M. , Peled Nir , Reinhorn Daniel , Jacobi Oded , Shochat Tzippy , Bernstine Hanna , Zer Alona 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment for advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet many patients do not benefit from Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) axis inhibitors, emphasizing the need for additional markers for better patient selection. Our aim was to evaluate the association between tumor volume and response to ICI.MethodsThis retrospective ethically‐approved study included all consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC who were evaluated with a fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography scan, prior to the first administration of a single‐agent ICI between 1/2016 and 6/2017. Tumor burden was calculated based on total body metabolic tumor volume and sum of all measurable lesions (SOML).ResultsMedian SOML was 88 mm, and was inversely and significantly associated with progression‐free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 2, CI 1.28‐3.37, P = .003) and overall survival (OS) (HR 2.36, CI 1.13‐4.94, P = .02). SOML≤80 mm had a significantly longer PFS compared to patients with a SOML≥80 mm (median PFS 9.7 vs 3.7 months, respectively, HR for progression 2.26, CI 1.1‐4.5, P = .02). Patients with a SOML≤80 also had longer median OS compared to patients with SOML≥80 (median OS 12 vs 9.8 months, respectively, HR for death 3.1, CI 1.2‐8, P = .018).ConclusionsLow tumor burden was associated with higher response rates (RR), and better PFS and OS in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICI. These results may improve the selection of patients for treatment with single‐agent ICI, as opposed to the combination with chemotherapy, which might be more appropriate for patients with high tumor burden. Prospective analysis is warranted.
Treatment and prognosis of patients with urinary bladder cancer with other primary cancers: a nationwide population‐based study in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe)
Authors: Aljabery Firas , Liedberg Fredrik , Häggström Christel , Ströck Viveka , Hosseini Abolfazl , Gårdmark Truls , Sherif Amir , Jerlström Tomas , Malmström Per‐Uno , Hagberg Oskar , Holmberg Lars 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo study how patients with urinary bladder cancer (UBC) with previous or concomitant other primary cancers (OPCs) were treated, and to investigate their prognosis.Patients And MethodsUsing nationwide population‐based data in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), we analysed the probability of treatment with curative intent, and UBC‐specific and overall survival (OS) in patients with UBC diagnosed in the period 1997–2014 with or without OPC. The analyses considered the patient’s characteristics, UBC tumour stage at diagnosis, and site of OPC.ResultsThere were 38 689 patients, of which 9804 (25%) had OPCs. Those with synchronous OPCs more often had T2 and T3 tumours and clinically distant disease at diagnosis than those with UBC only. Patients with synchronous prostate cancer, female genital cancer and lower gastro‐intestinal cancer were more often treated with curative intent than patients with UBC only. When models of survival were adjusted for age at diagnosis, marital status, education, year of diagnosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index and T‐stage, UBC‐specific survival was similar to patients with UBC only, but OS was lower for patients with synchronous OPC, explained mainly by deaths in OPC primaries with a bad prognosis.ConclusionsOPC is common in patients with UBC. Treatment for UBC, after or in conjunction with an OPC, should not be neglected and carries just as high a probability of success as treatment in patients with UBC only. The needs of patients with UBC and OPC, and optimisation of their treatment considering their complicated disease trajectory are important areas of research.
Feasibility and rationale of direct current cardioversion immediately after transcatheter percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair
Authors: Lee Ching‐Wei , Frerker Christian , Huang Wei‐Ming , Tsai Yi‐Lin , Huang Chi‐Jung , Yu Wen‐Chung , Hsu Chiao‐Po , Chiang Chern‐En , Chen Chen‐Huan , Sung Shih‐Hsien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent comorbidity among patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Direct current (DC) cardioversion is one of the strategies for rhythm control. However, the safety and feasibility of immediate DC cardioversion after MitraClip are not elucidated.Methods and ResultsIn this study, patients with symptomatic severe MR who underwent MitraClip were included. After fixing the MR, synchronized DC cardioversion was attempted for those with AF. A total of consecutive 60 patients, 36 subjects (60%), comorbid with AF. DC cardioversion was performed in 30 patients (mean age of 76.0 ± 9.3 years), and the successful conversion was achieved in 15 patients (50%). There was no any adverse event related to the cardioversion. Subjects with sustained conversion to SR experienced significant improvement in 6MWT (failed: 285 ± 110‐308 ± 135 m, P = .278; successful: 269 ± 109 m‐328 ± 78, P = .047) and reduction in NT‐proBNP level (failed: 4411 ± 7401‐3296 ± 4299 ng/mL, P = .217; successful: 4094 ± 2735‐2353 ± 2856 ng/mL, P = .026) at 1 month.ConclusionsDirect current cardioversion seemed to be safe and feasible immediately after the transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repairs. Subjects who maintain SR experienced better functional improvement.
Political vandalism as counter‐speech: A defense of defacing and destroying tainted monuments
Authors: Lai Ten‐Herng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTainted political symbols ought to be confronted, removed, or at least recontextualized. Despite the best efforts to achieve this, however, official actions on tainted symbols often fail to take place. In such cases, I argue that political vandalism—the unauthorized defacement, destruction, or removal of political symbols—may be morally permissible or even obligatory. This is when, and insofar as, political vandalism serves as fitting counter‐speech that undermines the authority of tainted symbols in ways that match their publicity, refuses to let them speak in our name, and challenges the derogatory messages expressed through a mechanism I call derogatory pedestalling: the glorification or honoring of certain individuals or ideologies that can only make sense when members of a targeted group are taken to be inferior.
2,5‐diketopiperazines mitigate the amount of advanced glycation end products accumulated with age in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: André A. , Touré A. K. , Stien D. , Eparvier V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveGlycation is a common non‐enzymatic reaction between proteins and sugars, resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the human body. As can be seen in diabetic patients, the accumulation of AGEs in the skin has aesthetic consequences (wrinkles, brown spots and yellowish complexion). Therefore, the objective of this work was to find compounds isolated from natural sources that could eliminate the final AGEs accumulated in the skin with ageing.Methods and resultsA preliminary screening performed on a bank of microbial extracts and pure compounds showed that 2,5‐Diketopiperazines (DKPs), as well as the extract of Sphingobacterium sp (SNB‐CN13), reduced the presence of AGEs in fibroblasts by −28% and −23%, respectively. In this article, we present the dereplication approach used to reveal the presence of 26 different DKPs in the crude extract of Sphingobacterium sp. Bioguided fractionation has led to the isolation of 12 of them, whose identity has been confirmed by HRMS and NMR. A green synthesis approach has been developed to synthesize 3 symmetrical DKPs. The biological activity of all DKPs was evaluated by the development of an in vitro test using immunocytochemistry to reveal the presence of AGE carboxymethyl‐lysine in human dermal fibroblasts.ConclusionOur work shows for the first time that DKPs decrease the amount of carboxymethyl‐lysine AGE in elderly human dermal fibroblasts grown in vitro. Therefore, diketopiperazines can be considered as compounds of interest for dermatological and cosmetic applications with an anti‐ageing aim.
Advance care planning in Australia during the COVID‐19 outbreak: now more important than ever
Authors: Sinclair Craig , Nolte Linda , White Ben P. , M. Detering Karen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak has led to rapid and profound changes in healthcare system delivery and society more broadly. Older adults, and those living with chronic or life‐limiting conditions, are at increased risk of experiencing severe or critical symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection and are more likely to die. They may also experience non‐COVID‐19 related deterioration in their health status during this period. Advance care planning (ACP) is critical for this cohort, yet there is no coordinated strategy for increasing the low rates of ACP uptake in these groups, or more broadly. This paper outlines a number of key reasons why ACP is an urgent priority, and should form a part of the health system's COVID‐19 response strategy. These include reducing the need for rationing, planning for surges in healthcare demand, respecting human rights, enabling proactive care coordination and leveraging societal change. We conclude with key recommendations for policy and practice in the system‐wide implementation of ACP, to enable a more ethical, coordinated and person‐centred response in the COVID‐19 context.
Early childhood caries and parents’ challenges in implementing oral hygiene practices: a qualitative study
Authors: Suprabha Baranya Shrikrishna , D’Souza Violet , Shenoy Ramya , Karuna Yarmunja Mahabala , Nayak Anupama Panakaje , Rao Arathi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is highly prevalent with significant long‐term consequences. Parents are primarily responsible for the oral health practices of their children. Parents’ health beliefs, attitudes, and cultural factors influence oral health practices.AimTo explore and understand the perceptions and challenges faced by the parents of the children with ECC in performing routine oral hygiene practices for their children.DesignWe conducted a qualitative description study with the parents of children with ECC. Data were collected through five focus groups using culturally appropriate, semi‐structured, open‐ended questions and probes. Focus groups were audiotaped, and field notes were taken, which were transcribed verbatim after each focus group session. Data were analyzed using content analyses.ResultsA vast majority of the participants were aware of the significance of oral hygiene. However, they faced challenges in implementing proper home hygiene practices at home and lacked knowledge about the type of toothpaste and toothbrush to be used for their children.ConclusionThe parents of the children with ECC face a severe knowledge gap, which is interfering with the selection of proper oral hygiene aids for their children. They also face barriers in implementing oral hygiene routines for their children, in spite of awareness that tooth brushing is important.
Population genetic structure of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L., 1758) in the Black Sea
Authors: Firidin Sirin , Ozturk Rafet Cagri , Alemdag Melike , Eroglu Oguzhan , Terzi Yahya , Kutlu Ilyas , Duzgunes Zehra Duygu , Cakmak Eyup , Aydin Ilhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTurbot, Scophthalmus maximus, is a commercially important demersal flatfish species distributed throughout the Black Sea. Several studies performed locally with a limited number of specimens using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers evidenced notable genetic variation among populations. However, comprehensive population genetic studies are required to help management of the species in the Black Sea. In the present study eight microsatellite loci were used to resolve the population structure of 414 turbot samples collected from 12 sites across the Black Sea. Moreover, two mtDNA genes, COI and Cyt‐b, were used for taxonomic identification. Microsatellite markers of Smax‐04 and B12‐I GT14 were excluded from analysis due to scoring issues. Data analysis was performed with the remaining six loci. Loci were highly polymorphic (average of 17.8 alleles per locus), indicating high genetic variability. Locus 3/20CA17, with high null allele frequency (>30%), significantly deviated from HW equilibrium. Pairwise comparison of the FST index showed significant differences between most of the surveyed sampling sites (P < 0.01). Cluster analysis evidenced the presence of three genetic groups among sampling sites. Significant genetic differentiation between Northern (Sea of Azov and Crimea) and Southern (Turkish Black Sea Coast) Black Sea sampling sites were detected. The Mantel test supported an isolation by distance model of population structure. These findings are vital for long‐term sustainable management of the species and development of conservation programs. Moreover, generated mtDNA sequences would be useful for the establishment of a database for S. maximus.
Peasant essentialism in GMO debates: Bt cotton in Burkina Faso
Authors: Luna Jessie K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmidst polarized global debates about genetically modified (GM) crops, much attention has focused on Burkina Faso, where farmers grew Bt cotton from 2008 to 2015 in the first widespread commercial adoption of GM crops by smallholder African farmers. This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork and 125 interviews to analyse the debate accompanying this adoption, contending that both sides employed stock agrarian imaginaries that essentialized rural people. These competing imaginaries—romantic versus modern—reproduced polarized global narratives about GM crops and peasants, while misrepresenting or overlooking the inequalities and constraints shaping rural communities and the specifics of Bt cotton production. Both sides sought to claim the legitimacy and authenticity that comes from representing ‘the peasants’, yet ironically flattened the complexity of rural experiences. This paper demonstrates how each side's adherence to agrarian imaginaries served to produce erroneous knowledge claims. This adherence resulted in part from local resource constraints and dependence on external actors, which produced pressure to conform to polarized global GMO scripts. The paper concludes that GMO debate participants and observers must eschew essentializing imaginaries if they seek to produce more accurate knowledge about farmers' varied experiences with GM crops.
Does Emigration Affect Pro‐environmental Behaviour Back Home? A Long‐Term, Local‐Level Perspective
Authors: Ivlevs Artjoms 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis study provides novel evidence on the effects of emigration on pro‐environmental behaviour back home. Focusing on the seven successor states of former Yugoslavia, I explore the relationship between people’s present‐day pro‐environmental action and the local‐level intensity of a major guestworker emigration wave that occurred four decades earlier. I find that more intense local‐level emigration is associated with a lower likelihood of pro‐environmental action; the instrumental variable analysis supports the causal nature of this relationship. This finding supports the conjecture that emigration contributes to greater consumerism at home and therefore reduces pro‐environmental behaviour. At the same time, controlling for the intensity of local‐level emigration, a higher proportion of women in the local migrant population is associated with a greater likelihood of pro‐environmental action. As women are generally more likely to undertake pro‐environmental behaviour as well as transfer new norms and practices across borders, this finding supports the hypothesis that migration contributes to a cross‐border transmission of pro‐environmental norms and practices.
Proteinaceous effector discovery and characterization in filamentous plant pathogens
Authors: Kanja Claire , Hammond‐Kosack Kim E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe complicated interplay of plant–pathogen interactions occurs on multiple levels as pathogens evolve to constantly evade the immune responses of their hosts. Many economically important crops fall victim to filamentous pathogens that produce small proteins called effectors to manipulate the host and aid infection/colonization. Understanding the effector repertoires of pathogens is facilitating an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence as well as guiding the development of disease control strategies. The purpose of this review is to give a chronological perspective on the evolution of the methodologies used in effector discovery from physical isolation and in silico predictions, to functional characterization of the effectors of filamentous plant pathogens and identification of their host targets.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: updates on key unanswered questions
Authors: Fernandez‐Becker Nielsen Q. , Raja Shreya , Scarpignato Carmelo , Lynch Kristle L. , Ahuja Nitin K. , Horsley‐Silva Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathologic disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and esophageal eosinophilia. In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in its prevalence for reasons that are not completely understood. The underlying pathophysiology involves an antigen‐mediated TH2 immune response that draws eosinophils to the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation, esophageal remodeling, and fibrosis. This ultimately leads to esophageal dysfunction that most commonly manifests as dysphagia. In this review, we will discuss updates on key questions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of EoE.