bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of denervated muscle atrophy with accelerated nerve‐regeneration by babysitter procedure in rat facial nerve paralysis model
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuki , Matsumine Hajime , Osaki Hironobu , Ueta Yoshifumi , Kamei Wataru , Shimizu Mari , Fujii Kaori , Niimi Yosuke , Miyata Mariko , Sakurai Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe “babysitter” procedure is a reconstruction technique for facial nerve complete paralysis and uses the movement source from the healthy facial nerve with a cross‐nerve graft. First, an end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy is performed between the affected facial nerve trunk and hypoglossal nerve for continuously delivering stimuli to the mimetic muscles for preventing the atrophy of mimetic muscles. Despite favorable clinical results, histological and physiological mechanisms remain unknown. This study attempted to establish a model for the “babysitter” procedure and find its efficacy in rats with facial nerve complete paralysis.Materials and MethodsA total of 16 Lewis rats were used and divided into 2 groups; cross nerve graft (n = 8) and babysitter groups (n = 8). The facial nerve trunk was transected in both groups. Babysitter group underwent a two‐stage procedure. Cross nerve graft group underwent only the transfer of nerve graft from the healthy side to affected side. The animals were assessed physiologically by compound muscle action potential (CMAP), and the regenerated nerve tissues were evaluated histopathologically at 13 weeks after surgery.ResultsFacial nucleus stained with retrograde tracers proved the re‐innervation of affected facial muscle by the babysitter procedure. In CMAP, the amplitude of babysitter group was significantly higher than that of the cross‐facial nerve graft group (p < .05). Histological examination found a significant difference in myelin g‐ratio between two groups (p < .05).ConclusionThis study investigated the “babysitter” procedure for rat facial nerve palsy. Babysitter procedure shortened the denervation period without mimic muscle atrophy.
Analysis of the electromagnetic properties of eco‐friendly transparent wood
Authors: Cho Sung‐Sil , Song Sung‐Ho , Hong Ic‐Pyo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we fabricated transparent wood that can replace transparent building materials, such as glass or plastic, and analyzed its electromagnetic properties through experiments. The results of the dielectric constant measurement experiment revealed that the electromagnetic properties of the fabricated transparent wood differ from those of conventional wood. The waveguide measurement method was used to investigate the electromagnetic wave transmission and reflection properties of the transparent wood. The results were compared with those of a simulation, and agreement between the results was confirmed. We found, by studying the electromagnetic shielding performance through an indium tin oxide coating, that the proposed transparent wood can be used as an eco‐friendly electromagnetic shielding material.
Comparison between clickable cyclic TAT and penetratin for delivery of cyclic and bicyclic‐peptide cargos
Authors: Kulkarni Ketav , Sang Jianrong , Ma Xiuquan , Wilce Jacqueline A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGrowth‐receptor bound 7 (Grb7) is an adapter protein identified as a target for the inhibition of signaling pathways in breast and other cancers. We have previously developed cyclic and bicyclic G7‐peptide inhibitors, targeted to the Grb7‐SH2 domain, and used the cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) penetratin to deliver them to cells to test their biological effects. Here we used an alternative peptide known as cyclic TAT (cTAT) to determine whether it would be more effective for the delivery of the G7‐peptides. We report the synthesis of propargyl‐cTAT for the conjugation to azido‐peptides G7‐18NATE and G7‐B7M2 via click chemistry. We then compare these peptides with G7‐18NATE‐Pen and G7‐B7M2‐Pen for their ability to inhibit signaling, proliferation, migration and, invasion of SKBR‐3 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. We found both penetratin and cTAT conjugated G7‐peptides were able to enter cells and exert biological effects but that cTAT was not more effective than penetratin for delivery of G7‐18NATE, and neither CPP was highly effective for the delivery of G7‐B7M2 in cell assays.
Eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis with IgG4 hypergammaglobulinaemia and salivary gland swelling
Authors: Takahashi Koichiro , Sadamatsu Hironori , Tashiro Hiroki , Kato Go , Uchida Masaru , Sueoka‐Aragane Naoko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 51‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital for cough, fever, purpura in the legs, and salivary gland swelling. Six years ago, she had been diagnosed with bronchial asthma and was treated with a combination of inhaled corticosteroid and long‐acting beta2‐agonist. Blood examination showed increased eosinophils at 3027 cells/μL and elevated levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 at 261 mg/dL and C‐reactive protein at 2.76 mg/dL. Chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) showed infiltrates in the bilateral lower lobes. Neck CT showed bilateral salivary gland swelling. Pathological examinations of the lungs and skin purpura showed granuloma with eosinophilic infiltration and perivascular dermatitis, respectively. She was diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis (EGPA) and treated with corticosteroids, which resolved the eosinophilia, salivary gland swelling, elevated IgG4 titre, and lung infiltration. As our patient did not meet the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 2019 criteria of IgG4‐related disease, the diagnostic was EGPA with IgG4 hypergammaglobulinaemia and salivary gland swelling.
Becoming Shuri: CTE, Racializing Affect, and the Becoming‐Technologist
Authors: Jocson Korina M. , Dixon‐Román Ezekiel J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRacializing affect draws on Black feminist theories to extend affect theory and related poststructuralist approaches within literacy studies. The authors examined literacies via a study of affect and youth of color in career and technical education (CTE) and the reconfiguration of CTE to enable radical change in the racializing experiences of/with technologies. An information technology classroom and its spatial arrangements, plus the larger CTE school, offered a lens into how material spatial movement (mobility and dislocation) affects bodily movements (rhythm, relationality, intensity, and energy) in a rhizomatic becoming process of reconstituted racializing affect with technology. Interested in the emergent rhythms and living intensities within affect theory, the authors also drew on the movie Black Panther to further theorize affect in relation to the discussion on becoming‐technologist through the character of Shuri. This creative rendering provided a different methodological approach to reflect the authors’ own intensities as researchers and consumers of popular culture in the analysis. Together, the authors hope to shed light on CTE as an understudied educational context and to reimagine race, gender, and difference in relation to technology and literacy learning.
Investigating diversity and impact of the popularity metrics for ranking software packages
Authors: Saini Munish , Verma Rohan , Singh Antarpuneet , Chahal Kuljit Kaur 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextCommunity‐based collaborative approach in open source software paradigm promotes reuse of existing software packages. There are several repositories (e.g., npm) for packages and have their own set of metrics for ranking.ObjectiveThis study explores the diversity of different popularity metrics and also the relationship between popularity metrics and development activity of the packages. Another aim is to create a package popularity index by aggregating a set of noncollinear popularity metrics.MethodUsing 195 K packages from different repositories, we investigated the correlation between different popularity metrics. K‐medoids algorithm helped to identify packages with different levels of popularity. Random forests method is utilized to create the package popularity index. Lastly, we used scikit‐learn implementation for determining feature importance in the model.ResultsPopularity metrics of the Github platform are very strongly correlated (R ≥ 0.85) for highly popular packages. Popular packages have high‐development activity. However, the number of downloads of a package does not associate with development activity. Not all the metrics are important for determining popularity of a software package.ConclusionThis study provides practical guidelines to understand important metrics to determine the popularity of software packages. Researchers should focus on non‐collinear metrics, thereby avoiding similar metrics while aggregating for building models.
Deformed Heisenberg charges in three-dimensional gravity
Authors: Namburi Jeevan Chandra , Wieland Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider the bulk plus boundary phase space for three-dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant for a particular choice of conformal boundary conditions: the conformal class of the induced metric at the boundary is kept fixed and the mean extrinsic curvature is constrained to be one. Such specific conformal boundary conditions define so-called Bryant surfaces, which can be classified completely in terms of holomorphic maps from Riemann surfaces into the spinor bundle. To study the observables and gauge symmetries of the resulting bulk plus boundary system, we will introduce an extended phase space, where these holomorphic maps are now part of the gravitational bulk plus boundary phase space. The physical phase space is obtained by introducing two sets of Kac-Moody currents, which are constrained to vanish. The constraints are second-class and the corresponding Dirac bracket yields an infinite-dimensional deformation of the Heisenberg algebra for the spinor-valued surface charges. Finally, we compute the Poisson algebra among the generators of conformal diffeomorphisms and demonstrate that there is no central charge. Although the central charge vanishes and the boundary CFT is likely non-unitary, we will argue that a version of the Cardy formula still applies in this context, such that the entropy of the BTZ black hole can be derived from the degeneracy of the eigenstates of quasi-local energy.
Gallium arsenide waveguides as a platform for direct mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Haas Julian , Stach Robert , Kolm Claudia , Krska Rudolf , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring recent years, mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy has matured into a versatile and powerful sensing tool for a wide variety of analytical sensing tasks. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) techniques have gained increased interest due to their potential to perform non-destructive sensing tasks close to real time. In ATR, the essential component is the sampling interface, i.e., the ATR waveguide and its material properties interfacing the sample with the evanescent field ensuring efficient photon-molecule interaction. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a versatile alternative material vs. commonly used ATR waveguide materials including but not limited to silicon, zinc selenide, and diamond. GaAs-based internal reflection elements (IREs) are a new generation of semiconductor-based waveguides and are herein used for the first time in direct spectroscopic applications combined with conventional Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Next to the characterization of the ATR waveguide, exemplary surface reactions were monitored, and trace-level analyte detection via signal amplification taking advantage of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) effects was demonstrated. As an example of real-world relevance, the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was used as a model analyte in food and feed safety analysis.
On the Connectivity and Independence Number of Power Graphs of Groups
Authors: Cameron Peter J. , Jafari Sayyed Heidar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLet G be a group. The power graph of G is a graph with vertex set G in which two distinct elements x, y are adjacent if one of them is a power of the other. We characterize all groups whose power graphs have finite independence number, show that they have clique cover number equal to their independence number, and calculate this number. The proper power graph is the induced subgraph of the power graph on the set $$G-\{1\}$$G-{1}. A group whose proper power graph is connected must be either a torsion group or a torsion-free group; we give characterizations of some groups whose proper power graphs are connected.
Left atrial appendage closure in patients with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: results from the multicenter German LAARGE registry
Authors: Fastner Christian , Brachmann Johannes , Lewalter Thorsten , Zeymer Uwe , Sievert Horst , Borggrefe Martin , Weiß Christian , Geist Volker , Krapivsky Alexander , Käunicke Matthias , Mudra Harald , Hochadel Matthias , Schneider Steffen , Senges Jochen , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Interventional left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) effectively prevents thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation patients. Impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increases not only the thromboembolic risk but also the complication rates of cardiac interventions. The LAAC procedure’s benefit in patients with an impaired LVEF, therefore, has yet to be investigated.

Methods
LAARGE is a prospective, non-randomized registry depicting the clinical reality of LAAC in Germany. Procedure was conducted with different standard commercial devices, and follow-up period was one year. In the sense of an as-treated analysis, patients with started procedure and documented LVEF were selected from the whole database.

Results
619 patients from 37 centers were categorized into one of three groups: LVEF > 55% (56%), 36–55% (36%), and ≤ 35% (8%). Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidity increased with LVEF reduction (p < 0.001 for trend). CHA2DS2-VASc score was 4.3, 4.8, and 5.1 (p < 0.001), and HAS-BLED score was 3.7, 4.1, and 4.2 (p < 0.001). Implantation success was consistently high (97.9%), rates of intra-hospital MACCE (0.5%), and other major complications (4.2%) were low (each p = NS). Kaplan–Meier estimation showed a decrease in survival free of stroke with LVEF reduction during one-year follow-up (89.3 vs. 87.0 vs. 79.8%; p = 0.067), a trend which was no longer evident after adjustment for relevant confounding factors. Rates of non-fatal strokes (0.4 vs. 1.1 vs. 0%) and severe bleedings (0.7 vs. 0.0 vs. 3.1%) were consistently low across all groups (each p = NS).

Conclusions
LVEF reduction neither influenced the procedural success nor the effectiveness and safety of stroke prevention by LAAC.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02230748

Graphic abstract
Effect of Power Plant Operation on Pore Pressure in Jointed Rock Mass of an Unlined Hydropower Tunnel: An Experimental Study
Authors: Neupane Bibek , Panthi Krishna Kanta , Vereide Kaspar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLoad changes in hydropower plants result in significant pressure transients and unsteady flow in the waterway. It has been observed that instances of block falls in tunnels have increased in unlined pressure tunnels subjected to frequent load changes. To examine this problem, field instrumentation was conducted in the 3.5 km long unlined headrace tunnel of 50 MW Roskrepp hydropower plant in southern Norway. This article describes the methodology of instrumentation, presents the observations and findings. The monitoring clearly demonstrates that frequent load changes have a considerable effect in the rock mass consisting of system of joints. The observations show that pressure transients can travel deep into the rock mass irrespective of their time period. Moreover, pressure transients with longer time periods, i.e. mass oscillations, are seen to induce a higher hydraulic gradient between the rock mass and the tunnel itself. A delayed response from the rock mass is observed during pressure transients, which is the main cause of development of hydraulic gradient and additional pore pressure acting on the rock blocks. Hence, it is evident that the cumulative impact of small but frequent pressure gradients is significant and is responsible for increased instances of block falls over a long period of operation of the unlined tunnels of hydropower plants with frequent start–stop sequences. The overall impact is governed by pore pressure response of the jointed rock mass which depends on the conditions of joint geometry and joint wall properties.
The impact of semi-automatic versus manually adjusted assessment of global longitudinal strain in post-myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Otterstad Jan Erik , Norum Ingvild Billehaug , Ruddox Vidar , Bendz Bjørn , Haugaa Kristina H. , Edvardsen Thor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere are unresolved questions related to the proper use of editing the region of interest (ROI) for measurements of global longitudinal strain (GLS). The purpose of the present study was to compare the semi-automatic default GLS value by the vendor’s software with manually adjusted GLS and test the impact on GLS measures with different ROI widths. We selected 25 patients post myocardial infarction treated with PCI who had excellent echocardiographic recordings after 2–5 days and 3 months. The different GLS values were assessed from these 50 analyses in three steps. The semi-automatically GLS by default ROIs was compared with manually adjusted ROIs widths selected by an expert and then with manual adjustments, but with fixed ROIs being narrow, medium and wide. Their mean age was 64 (± 12) years, 52% had ST elevation MI and mean LVEF was 52 (± 4)%. Mean default GLS was − 15.3 (± 2.5)% with the widest ROI level selected semi-automatically in 78% of all widths. The mean expert GLS with manually adjusted ROI was − 14.7 (± 2.4)%, and the medium ROI level was selected by the expert in 85% of all examinations. The mean adjusted GLS, but with fixed ROIs widths was − 15.0 (± 2.5%)% with narrow ROI, − 14.7 (± 2.6)% with medium and − 13.5 (± 2.3)% with wide ROI width (p < 0.001 vs. default GLS). The Intra Class Coefficient Correlation between default and manually adjusted expert GLS was 0.93 (p < 0.001). The difference between the default and the manually adjusted expert GLS was neglectable. These findings may represent a simplification of the assessment of GLS that might increase its use in clinical practice. The GLS measurements with a fixed wide ROIs were significantly different from the expert measurements and indicate that a wide ROI should be avoided.
Allelopathic properties of Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. extracts and fractions as an alternative for weed management in quinoa and rice crops
Authors: Rueda-Ayala Victor , Ramos-Guerrero Luis , Vargas-Jentzsch Paul , Hernández Betty , Höglind Mats , Toscano Ingrid , Borja Dayana , Goetschel Lorena , Andújar Dionisio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, aqueous extracts of Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. leaves and inflorescences were tested on seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium album L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.), and on some of the most noxious-associated weeds, Chenopodium album L. and Holcus lanatus L. in quinoa, and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa colona L., Eclipta prostrata L. and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lou.) W.D. Clayton in rice. The objectives were to identify extract concentrations at which 50 and 90% of germination (GR$$_{[50,90]}$$[50,90]) and radicle elongation (RR$$_{[50,90]}$$[50,90]) were inhibited, to fractionate inflorescence extracts for facilitating identifying the chemical group causing allelopathic effects, and to evaluate the fraction showing the stronger weed suppression effects and the least crop damage. Increasing extract concentration rates (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% crude extract) were applied to seeds of target crops and weeds. Flower extracts at rates $$< 0.30$$<0.30 produced GR$$_{[50]}$$[50] and RR$$_{[50]}$$[50] on H. lanatus, and GR$$_{[90]}$$[90] and RR$$_{[90]}$$[90] in C. album, while quinoa seeds were not affected. Rice and its target weeds were minimally affected by flower extracts, whereas radicle elongation of all species was significantly reduced. A concentration rate $$> 0.52$$>0.52 caused the RR$$_{[50]}$$[50] on rice and all its target weeds. Fractions were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed to detect phytochemical groups, using specific chemical reagents and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The fraction F3 from aqueous flower extract showed a high content of flavonoids, assumed as the potential allelochemical substance. Total flavonoid content in F3 was quantified as 2.7 mg of quercetin per g F3, i.e., 12.8 mg of quercetin per g of inflorescence material. Additionally, field equivalent extract rates obtained from the harvested fresh inflorescence biomass could be determined. These rates ranged between 90 and 143 mL l−1 of F3 aqueous fraction, while for ethanol F3 were 131 mL l−1. Our results are encouraging for finding sustainable and ecologically friendly alternatives for weed management in crops of high nutritional value, contributing also to counteract the growing problem of herbicide resistance.
Running safety assessment of a train traversing a three-tower cable-stayed bridge under spatially varying ground motion
Authors: Gong Wei , Zhu Zhihui , Liu Yu , Liu Ruitao , Tang Yongjiu , Jiang Lizhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo explore the influence of spatially varying ground motion on the dynamic behavior of a train passing through a three-tower cable-stayed bridge, a 3D train–track–bridge coupled model is established for accurately simulating the train–bridge interaction under earthquake excitation, which is made up of a vehicle model built by multi-body dynamics, a track–bridge finite element model, and a 3D rolling wheel–rail contact model. A conditional simulation method, which takes into consideration the wave passage effect, incoherence effect, and site-response effect, is adopted to simulate the spatially varying ground motion under different soil conditions. The multi-time-step method previously proposed by the authors is also adopted to improve computational efficiency. The dynamic responses of the train running on a three-tower cable-stayed bridge are calculated with differing earthquake excitations and train speeds. The results indicate that (1) the earthquake excitation significantly increases the responses of the train–bridge system, but at a design speed, all the running safety indices meet the code requirements; (2) the incoherence and site-response effects should also be considered in the seismic analysis for long-span bridges though there is no fixed pattern for determining their influences; (3) different train speeds that vary the vibration characteristics of the train–bridge system affect the vibration frequencies of the car body and bridge.