bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic screening for diabetes mellitus and hypertension in primary care settings in Karnataka, India: a few steps forward but still some way to go
Authors: Raghuveer Pracheth , Anand Tanu , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Nirgude Abhay Subhashrao , Reddy Mahendra M. , Nandy Subhashree , Shaira Habeena , Naik Poonam Ramesh 
Published: May 2020

Background: Opportunistic screening for individuals aged ≥30 years at all levels of healthcare for early detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) is an integral strategy under the national program to control non-communicable diseases. There has been no systematic assessment of the screening process in primary care settings since its launch. The objective was to determine the number and proportion eligible for screening, number screened, diagnosed and treated for DM and HTN among persons aged ≥30 years in two selected primary health centres (PHCs) in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India during March-May 2019 and to explore the enablers and barriers in the implementation of screening from the perspective of the health care providers (HCPs) and beneficiaries . Methods: This was a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study with a quantitative (cohort design) and a descriptive qualitative component (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) with HCPs and persons seeking care. Those that were not known DM/HTN and not screened for DM/HTN in one year were used to estimate persons eligible for screening. Results: Of 2697 persons, 512 (19%) were eligible for DM screening, 401 (78%) were screened; 88/401 (22%) were diagnosed and 67/88 (76%) were initiated on treatment. Of 2697, 337 (13%) were eligible for HTN screening, 327 (97%) were screened, 55 (17%) were diagnosed with HTN; of those diagnosed, 44/55 (80%) were initiated on treatment. The documentation changes helped in identifying the eligible population. Patient willingness to undergo screening and recognition of relevance of screening were screening enablers. Overworked staff, logistical and documentation issues, inadequate training were the barriers. Conclusion: Nearly 19% were eligible for DM screening and 13% were eligible for HTN screening. The yield of screening was high. We noted several enablers and barriers. The barriers require urgent attention to reduce the gaps in delivery and uptake of services.
Technology of Development of Natural Science Style of Educational and Cognitive Activity of Schoolchildren
Authors: Starchenko Sergey , Shamina Setlana , Bondarenko Yurei 
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the development of the natural scientific style of educational and cognitive activity of schoolchildren in the conditions of
didactic synthesis of the content of natural scientific education. The author defines the natural scientific style of educational and cognitive activity as an individual-peculiar way of perception, coding, processing, setting and solving problems in the knowledge of schoolchildren. The purpose of the article is to present the technology of developing the scientific style of educational and cognitive activity in the face-and-face interaction between schoolchildren and teachers in conditions of didactic synthesis of the content of natural science education. The article describes the theoretical context of the presentation of the technology of development of the natural scientific style of educational and cognitive activity of the individual, including: target orientations, principles, peculiarities of content, methods and techniques, methodology and directions of implementation. Ways of revealing technology of personality development under conditions of didactic synthesis of content of natural-scientific formation are shown. The main signs determining the natural scientific style of educational and cognitive activity of schoolchildren, adequately reflecting the activity of natural scientists, have been identified. The conceptual provisions of the developing training technology include provisions on the priority of the educational needs of the individual, encouraging changes in individual actions and operations, implementing the didactic resonance of the teaching and scientific style, personalizing the content of natural science education of the individual, and using specific methods and techniques of training. The content of the technology for the development of the natural-science style of educational and cognitive activity, which includes differentiation, personalization, integration, optimization, activation, and direction of personal-personal interaction, is determined. The article presents a methodology for developing the natural-science style of educational and cognitive activity, based on differential-individual, inductive-deductive, complex, algorithmic, research and pragmatic methods of teaching. Priority ways of teaching students that characterize the natural-science style of educational and cognitive activity are highlighted.
Implementation of Language Education in Russian and Foreign Universities
Authors: Morozova A. , Kostyukova T. 
Published: May 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of the practice of language education in modern Russian and European universities in the course of
studying the fundamental documents on the problem, as well as consideration of the current state, content, goals, methods and monitoring the quality of language training of students. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature on the problem; study and generalization of the accumulated pedagogical experience, etc.
Trauma craneoencefálico en Pediatría: La importancia del abordaje y categorización del paciente pediátrico
Authors: Morales Camacho William Javier , Plata Ortiz Jessica Estefania , Plata Ortiz Sandra , Macías Celis Andrés Camilo , Cárdenas Guerrero Yozsef , Nocua Alarcónc Laura Ximena , Pedrozo Díaz Ingrid Tatiana , Noguera Ana Milena 
Published: May 2020

RESUMEN
El trauma craneoencefálico en población infantil continua siendo un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, siendo la primera causa de muerte y discapacidad permanente en pediatría. Realizar un adecuado proceso de clasificación o categorización para determinar la severidad del mismo y establecer la necesidad de estudios complementarios (tomografía computarizada) e instaurar un tratamiento médico oportuno de forma individualizada son algunas de las prioridades para el profesional de salud en el abordaje del paciente pediátrico con trauma craneoencefálico. Las manifestaciones clínicas de esta entidad varían según el grupo etario. Dentro de la etiología, las caídas accidentales ocupan el primer lugar en frecuencia en lactantes y preescolares, mientras que los accidentes de tránsito en calidad de pasajero o peatón conforman la primera causa de TCE en niños mayores (adolescentes). Existe la imperiosa necesidad de evaluar según el contexto clínico y social del paciente la presencia de traumatismo no accidental y maltrato infantil por su impacto negativo en el pronóstico vital y neurológico del paciente pediátrico. Con respecto al tratamiento deberá estar encaminado a evitar el daño cerebral secundario por los mecanismos de hipoxia, hipoperfusión cerebral, hipertensión endocraneana e hipertermia responsables de las secuelas neurológicas temporales o permanentes del mismo.

Palabras Clave: Traumatismos Craneocerebrales; Mortalidad; Niños con discapacidad; Medicina de Urgencia Pediátrica.
Síndrome Nefrótico
Authors: Carvajal-Barrios Gustavo , Mejía Natalia , González Ch Luz Estella , Florez Adriana , Restrepo Carlos M. , Gastelbondo Ricardo 
Published: May 2020

El síndrome nefrótico (SN) es la manifestación más frecuente de las glomerulopatías primarias no inflamatorias en niños y se caracteriza proteinuria masiva con hipoalbuminemia profunda, con hiperlipidemia y edema secundarios.El SN de etiología primaria entre 15 al 30% de causa de enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT) en Colombia. Dadas las diferencias en el tratamiento instaurado entre pediatras y nefrólogos pediatras, en las dosis y la duración del primer tratamiento, la presencia de efectos adversos asociados a la inmunosupresión, así como los resultados finales, según el centro médico y el recurso humano disponible, se ha realizado esta revisión en un intento de ampliar el conocimiento de la enfermedad, unificando los avances genéticos que han caracterizado el pronóstico así como las nuevas opciones terapéuticas en el manejo de los pacientes difíciles.
Descripción y prevalencia de las anomalías del sistema nervioso central en los programas de vigilancia de defectos congénitos en Bogotá y Cali, Colombia, en el periodo del 2001 a 2016
Authors: García Valentina , Páez Sofía , Sarmiento Karen , Valencia Sandra , Deáquiz Bibiana , Puentes Shirly , Rodríguez Catherine , Hurtado-Villa Paula , Holguín Jorge , Zarante Ignacio 
Published: May 2020

Antecedentes en Colombia para el 2015 las anomalías del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) constituyeron el 16% de la mortalidad por anomalías congénitas, una tasa de sobrevida alta que genera cronicidad en el manejo del paciente y aumento en la carga socioeconómica.
Objetivo describir las características clínicas y prevalencia de las anomalías del SNC en Bogotá y Cali del 2001 al 2016.
Métodos La información se obtuvo de los Programas de Vigilancia y Seguimiento de Anomalías Congénitas de Bogotá y Cali, realizando un análisis retrospectivo basado en casos y controles del ECLAMC. Se clasificaron los casos por grupos: aislados, polimalformados y sindrómicos. La proporción de casos y controles fue 1:4 respectivamente. Se analizó la distribución de frecuencias y las variables cuantitativas con prueba t de Student.
Resultados Se encontraron 924 anomalías del SNC de 488 521 nacimientos y 3696 controles, para una tasa de 18.91/10 000 nacidos vivos. Las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron hidrocefalia (4.24/10 000), microcefalia (3.95/10 000) y defectos del tubo neural (DTN) (3.54/10 000). Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre peso, talla y edad gestacional entre casos y controles.
Conclusión Colombia continúa presentando una alta prevalencia de anomalías del SNC, sin embargo, se observa una tendencia a la reducción cuando se compara con las tasas de otros países. Se pudo concluir además la fuerte asociación de las anomalías congénitas del SNC con el parto pretérmino y prematuro, lo que tiene un alto impacto en la morbimortalidad y discapacidad.
Study on Crush Tube Geometric Cross sections and Topology for Axial Crashworthiness
Authors: Reddy T.J. , Narayanamurthy V. , Rao Y.V.D. 
Published: May 2020

Crush tubes are used as crash impact energy absorbing structure (EAS) and are located in the frontal compartment of road vehicles. Ideal crashworthiness of an EAS mandates that the equivalent decelerations due to impact forces should to be ≤ 20g; and crush force and stroke efficiencies should tend to unity. It is understood from the literature that no single geometric cross-section shape exhibits a near-ideal crashworthiness; and most EAS members exhibit a high initial peak crush force which is detrimental to the occupant safety, and moderate stroke and crush force efficiencies leading to a compromise in the total energy absorbed. In this paper, finite element analysis (FEA) methodology is formulated and experimentally validated for axial crush of a crush tube of SS304 material with circular cross section. Subsequently, plastic deformation phenomenon and folding patterns in relation to crush force behaviour of crush tubes with various basic cross-sections of polygonal geometric shapes from triangle to octagon and circle are extensively studied through FEA. Further, two new geometric cross-section profiles with combination of basic shapes are proposed to combine the merits of different basic shapes. The crashworthiness of all basic cross-sections including the two proposed cross-section profiles is assessed based on standard parameters. The proposed new geometries may form a basis for the development of new EAS configurations for enhanced crashworthiness.
Pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan bagi ibu terhadap asupan energi, aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh pada anak kelebihan berat badan
Authors: Haya Miratul , Setiawati E Mexitalia , Margawati Ani 
Published: May 2020

Background : The percentage of overweight children in Bengkulu (16.4%) is higher than the national (11.9%). Factors causing overweight is a high energy intake and low physical activity.Objective : To analyze the impact of health education for mothers in changes of maternal behavior, energy intake, physical activity level and Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score among overweight children 3-6 years old.Methode : Quasi-Experiment with non-randomized pre-post test control group design. Subjects (48 mothers) were selected purposively and divided into 2 groups (treatment and control). Health education in the treatment group was conducted 6 times in 12 weeks. Analyses were conducted by Independent t-test, Mann Whitney, Paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Covariance.Results: There was an increased in attitude score (20.9 ± 3.52), carbohydrate intake percentage (3.7 ± 7.30%) and physical activity level (0.04 ± 0.01) in the treatment group. The energy adequacy level (-3.4 ± 13.26%) and BMI z-score (-0.57 ± 0.26) decreased in the treatment group. There were difference between the treatment and control groups in attitude, energy adequacy level, physical activity level and BMI z-score after intervention (p <0.05).Conclusion: Health education for mothers affect the positive change in mother attitude in terms of the overweight children treatment and increased physical activity level, decreased energy adequacy level and BMI z-score in overweight children.
Immunoscore Guided Cold Tumors to Acquire “Temperature” Through Integrating Physicochemical and Biological Methods
Authors: Liu Jing , Xu Mengze , Yuan Zhen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Immunotherapy for the treatment of tumors has become the most compelling strategy after targeted treatment, especially for lung cancer and melanoma, as well as some blood cancers. For most remaining types of tumors (e.g., pancreatic, colorectal, and breast cancers), abundant immunotherapeutic strategies in the forms of immune checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines, and CAR-T therapies produce little effect. Furthermore, the immunoreactions induced by various types of cancer and even in individual patients, differ among the single therapeutic immune checkpoint inhibitors, whose pre-existing immunoreaction remains to be optimized for cancer immunotherapy. According to the density of the infiltrating lymphocyte subsets at the invasive margin or core of primary solid tumors, the tumors were classified into four grades using the immunoscore, which is complementary to the tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in providing a better prognosis of cancer patients in addition to the classification of immunogenic hot tumors and non-immunogenic cold tumors. This review aimed to outline the features of the most difficult-to-treat and challenging cold tumors and potential approaches to transform “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors, because hot tumors are associated with a higher response rate to immunotherapy. We also summarized the current popular strategies for enhancing T cell trafficking, which may be helpful to provide an etiological basement for a more rational design of drug delivery systems and conquer drug-resistance during cancer therapy.
Sam68 mediates leptin signaling and action in human granulosa cells: possible role in leptin resistance in PCOS
Authors: Vilariño-García Teresa , Pérez-Pérez Antonio , Santamaría-López Esther , Prados Nicolás , Fernández-Sánchez Manuel , Sánchez-Margalet Víctor 
Published: May 2020

Introduction
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance, that leads to subfertility. Sam68 is an RNA-binding protein with signaling functions that is ubiquitously expressed, including gonads. Sam68 is recruited to leptin signaling, mediating different leptin actions.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the role of Sam68 in leptin signaling, mediating the effect on aromatase expression in granulosa cells and the posible implication of Sam68 in the leptin resistance in PCOS.

Materials and methods
Granulosa cells were from healthy donors (n = 25) and women with PCOS (n = 25), within the age range of 20 to 40 years, from Valencian Infertility Institute (IVI), Seville, Spain. Sam68 expression was inhibited by siRNA method and overexpressed by expression vector. Expression level was analysed by qPCR and immunoblot. Statistical significance was assessed by ANOVA followed by different post-hoc tests. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
We have found that leptin stimulation increases phosphorylation and expression level of Sam68 and aromatase in granulosa cells from normal donors. Downregulation of Sam68 expression resulted in a lower activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways in response to leptin, whereas overexpression of Sam68 increased leptin stimulation of signaling, enhancing aromatase expression. Granulosa cells from women with PCOS presented lower expression of Sam68 and were resistant to the leptin effect on aromatase expression.

Conclusions
These results suggest the participation of Sam68 in leptin receptor signaling, mediating the leptin effect on aromatase expression in granulosa cells, and point to a new target in leptin resistance in PCOS.
Inferring Parameters of the Distribution of Fitness Effects of New Mutations When Beneficial Mutations Are Strongly Advantageous and Rare
Authors: Booker Tom R 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCharacterizing the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) for new mutations is central in evolutionary genetics. Analysis of molecular data under the McDonald-Kreitman test has suggested that adaptive substitutions make a substantial contribution to between-species divergence. Methods have been proposed to estimate the parameters of the distribution of fitness effects for positively selected mutations from the unfolded site frequency spectrum (uSFS). Such methods perform well when beneficial mutations are mildly selected and frequent. However, when beneficial mutations are strongly selected and rare, they may make little contribution to standing variation and will thus be difficult to detect from the uSFS. In this study, I analyze uSFS data from simulated populations subject to advantageous mutations with effects on fitness ranging from mildly to strongly beneficial. As expected, frequent, mildly beneficial mutations contribute substantially to standing genetic variation and parameters are accurately recovered from the uSFS. However, when advantageous mutations are strongly selected and rare, there are very few segregating in populations at any one time. Fitting the uSFS in such cases leads to underestimates of the strength of positive selection and may lead researchers to false conclusions regarding the relative contribution adaptive mutations make to molecular evolution. Fortunately, the parameters for the distribution of fitness effects for harmful mutations are estimated with high accuracy and precision. The results from this study suggest that the parameters of positively selected mutations obtained by analysis of the uSFS should be treated with caution and that variability at linked sites should be used in conjunction with standing variability to estimate parameters of the distribution of fitness effects in the future.
Outcomes, Resource Use, and Financial Costs of Unplanned Extubations in Preterm Infants
Authors: Hatch L. Dupree , Scott Theresa A. , Slaughter James C. , Xu Meng , Smith Andrew H. , Stark Ann R. , Patrick Stephen W. , Ely E. Wesley 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Unplanned extubations (UEs) in adult and pediatric populations are associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased costs. In-hospital outcomes and costs of UE in the NICU are not reported. Our objective was to determine the association of UE with clinical outcomes and costs in very-low-birth-weight infants.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective matched cohort study in our level 4 NICU from 2014 to 2016. Very-low-birth-weight infants without congenital anomalies admitted by 72 hours of age, who received mechanical ventilation (MV), were included. Cases (+UE) were matched 1:1 with controls (−UE) on the basis of having an equivalent MV duration at the time of UE in the case, gestational age, and Clinical Risk Index for Babies score. We compared MV days after UE in cases or the equivalent date in controls (postmatching MV), in-hospital morbidities, and hospital costs between the matched pairs using raw and adjusted analyses.

RESULTS:
Of 345 infants who met inclusion criteria, 58 had ≥1 UE, and 56 out of 58 (97%) were matched with appropriate controls. Postmatching MV was longer in cases than controls (median: 12.5 days; interquartile range [IQR]: 7 to 25.8 vs median 6 days; IQR: 2 to 12.3; adjusted odds ratio: 4.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.9–9.5). Inflation-adjusted total hospital costs were higher in cases (median difference: $49 587; IQR: −15 063 to 119 826; adjusted odds ratio: 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.6–8.9).

CONCLUSIONS:
UEs in preterm infants are associated with worse outcomes and increased hospital costs. Improvements in UE rates in NICUs may improve clinical outcomes and lower hospital costs.
Genome size and ploidy variations in pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>) and napier grass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i>) genotypes
Authors: Animasaun David Adedayo , Morakinyo Joseph A. , Mustapha Oba T. , Krishnamurthy Ramar 
Published: May 2020

Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet) and P. purpureum (Napier grass) are economically important members of the genus Pennisetum. The knowledge of variability in chromosome number, size and genomic content of the species could provide clues on the mechanisms responsible for decrease or increase in genomic content in the evolutionary pathway. In the present study, twenty nine genotypes consisting of 24 pearl millet and 5 Napier grass were assessed for inter- and intra-variations in chromosome number, ploidy status and genome content. Conventional cytogenetic was used for chromosome counting and flow cytometry technique for assessing genomic contents of the genotypes. Pearl millet genotypes were diploid (2n = 14) while Napier grass were mainly polyploid (2n = 28). Despite differences in the ploidy levels, the basic chromosome number was 7. The average 2C values was 4.86 pg and 4.58 pg for pearl millet and Napier grass genotypes respectively. The DNA content per haploid cell was higher among pearl millet genotypes and the genomic size were negatively related to chromosome number and ploidy levels, meanwhile, the GC richness was directly proportional to genomic size of the genotype. The mean channel values showed that the genotypes were nuclear haploid. The present study suggests that evolution and development of polyploidy was accompanied with loss in genomic content in Napier grass. It was also discovered that pearl millet with less number of chromosome, had higher genome size than Napier grass.