bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural, Magnetic, and Dielectric properties of Sr4Fe6O13 ferrite prepared of small crystallites
Authors: Azab A. A. , Mansour A. M. , Turky G. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA stable Sr4Fe6O13 was prepared as small crystallites by auto-combustion of a sol-gel in air followed by annealing the later at pertinent temperatures. A green sample, as annealed at elevated temperatures, yields a single Sr4Fe6O13 phase of tailored magnetic properties. The structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and broadband dielectric spectrometer. Hard magnetic Sr4Fe6O13 properties arise with saturation magnetization Ms = 12.4 emu/g, coercivity Hc = 3956.7 Oe and squareness 0.512. Studies made at low temperatures reveals Ms decreasing on increasing temperature from 17.5 emu/g at 85 K down to 12.4 emu/g at 305 K, while Hc rises from 1483 Oe at 85 K to 1944 Oe at 305 K. The ac-conductivity follows the Jonscher relation. The dc-conductivity at high temperatures/low frequencies exhibits a plateau and it depends linearly on a characteristic frequency according to the Barton-Nakajima-Namikawa) relation.
Screening ginseng saponins in progenitor cells identifies 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 as an enhancer of skeletal and cardiac muscle regeneration
Authors: Kim Ah Ra , Kim Seon-Wook , Lee Ba-Wool , Kim Kuk-Hwa , Kim Woong-Hee , Seok Hong , Lee Ji-Hyung , Um JungIn , Yim Soon-Ho , Ahn Youngkeun , Jin Suk-Won , Jung Da-Woon , Oh Won Keun , Williams Darren R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAging is associated with increased prevalence of skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders, such as sarcopenia and cardiac infarction. In this study, we constructed a compendium of purified ginsenoside compounds fromPanax ginsengC.A. Meyer, which is a traditional Korean medicinal plant used to treat for muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle progenitor cell-based screening identified three compounds that enhance cell viability, of which 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2showed the most robust response. 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2increased viability in myoblasts and cardiomyocytes, but not fibroblasts or disease-related cells. The cellular mechanism was identified as downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) via upregulation of Akt1/PKB phosphorylation at serine 473, with the orientation of the 20 carbon epimer being crucially important for biological activity. In zebrafish and mammalian models, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2enhanced muscle cell proliferation and accelerated recovery from degeneration. Thus, we have identified 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2as a p27Kip1inhibitor that may be developed as a natural therapeutic for muscle degeneration.
ecTMB: a robust method to estimate and classify tumor mutational burden
Authors: Yao Lijing , Fu Yao , Mohiyuddin Marghoob , Lam Hugo Y. K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTumor Mutational Burden (TMB) is a measure of the abundance of somatic mutations in a tumor, which has been shown to be an emerging biomarker for both anti-PD-(L)1 treatment and prognosis; however, multiple challenges still hinder the adoption of TMB as a biomarker. The key challenges are the inconsistency of tumor mutational burden measurement among assays and the lack of a meaningful threshold for TMB classification. Here we describe a new method, ecTMB (Estimation and Classification of TMB), which uses an explicit background mutation model to predict TMB robustly and to classify samples into biologically meaningful subtypes defined by tumor mutational burden.
Prevalence of HPV infection among sexually active adolescents and young adults in Brazil: The POP-Brazil Study
Authors: Wendland Eliana Marcia , Villa Luisa Lina , Unger Elizabeth R. , Domingues Carla Magda , Benzaken Adele Schwartz ,   POP-Brazil Study Group, Maranhão Ana Goretti Kalume , Kops Natalia Luiza , Bessel Marina , Caierão Juliana , Hohenberger Glaucia Fragoso , Horvath Jaqueline , Tavares Giovana , Mello Barbara Pereira , Santos Aniusca Vieira dos , Berto Maiquidieli Dal , Bica Claudia , Pereira Gerson Fernandes Mendes , Moreno Flavia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor Brazil, there are no nationwide data on HPV prevalence against which the impact of the HPV immunization program can be measured in the future. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the prevalence of genital HPV infection among adolescents and young adults in Brazil. A cross-sectional, multicentric, nationwide survey was conducted between September 2016 and November 2017. Sexually active unvaccinated women and men aged 16 to 25 years old were recruited from 119 public primary care units, including all 26 state capitals and the Federal District. All participants answered a face-to-face interview and provided biological samples for genital HPV analysis. We used an automated DNA extraction method and HPV genotyping was performed using the Linear Array genotyping test (Roche). Of 7,694 participants, 53.6% (95% CI 51.4–55.8) were positive for any HPV type. The prevalence of high-risk HPV types was significantly higher in women (38.6% vs. 29.2%, P < 0·001). The HPV types included in the quadrivalent vaccine were detected in 1002 (14.8%) specimens, with a different pattern of HPV infection between sexes. Characteristics associated with overall HPV detection included female gender, self-declaration of race as brown/pardo, lower socioeconomic class, single or dating, current smoking and having 2 or more sex partners in the past year. We found a high prevalence of HPV, with significant differences between regions. Our data provide information that may be considered when developing HPV prevention policies and constitute a baseline against which the impact of the HPV immunization program in Brazil can be measured in future years.
Malignancy and IgG4-related disease: the incidence, related factors and prognosis from a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Tang Hanqi , Yang Huaxia , Zhang Panpan , Wu Di , Zhang Shangzhu , Zhao Jiuliang , Peng Linyi , Chen Hua , Fei Yunyun , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Yan , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhang Fengchun , Zhang Wen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis prospective cohort study aims to investigate the incidence, related factors and prognosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) with malignancies in the Chinese cohort. We prospectively analyzed the IgG4-RD patients recruited in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2011 to August 2018 and identified patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD complicating malignancies. Data regarding demographics, clinical features, treatment and prognosis of IgG4-RD patients complicating malignancies were collected and compared to those of age- and sex-matched controls. Among the 587 Chinese patients with IgG4-RD, 17 malignancies were identified. Ten of them developed malignancy after the diagnosis of IgG4-RD, given a standard incidence ratio (SIR) of 2.78 (95%CI 1.33–5.12). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that autoimmune pancreatitis (OR = 6.230, 95%CI 1.559–24.907, p = 0.010) was positively associated with malignancy, whereas eosinophilia (OR = 0.094, 95%CI 0.010–0.883, p = 0.039) was negatively related with malignancies. During a median follow-up period of 61.4 ± 26.4 months, all patients with IgG4-RD and malignancies survived. We conclude that an increased incidence of malignancy was found in Chinese IgG4-RD cohort. Autoimmune pancreatitis is a potential risk factor, whereas eosinophilia is a possible protective factor for complicating malignancies.
Probing dynamical cortical gating of attention with concurrent TMS-EEG
Authors: Okazaki Yuka O. , Mizuno Yuji , Kitajo Keiichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAttention facilitates the gating of information from the sending brain area to the receiving areas, with this being achieved by dynamical changes in effective connectivity, which refers to the directional influences between cortical areas. To probe the effective connectivity and cortical excitability modulated by covertly shifted attention, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to directly perturb the right retinotopic visual cortex with respect to attended and unattended locations, and the impact of this was tracked from the stimulated area to other areas by concurrent use of electroencephalography (EEG). TMS to the contralateral visual hemisphere led to a stronger evoked potential than stimulation to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Moreover, stronger beta- and gamma-band effective connectivities assessed as time-delayed phase synchronizations between stimulated areas and other areas were observed when TMS was delivered to the contralateral hemisphere. These effects were more enhanced when they preceded more prominent alpha lateralization, which is known to be associated with attentional gating. Our results indicate that attention-regulated cortical feedforward effective connectivity can be probed by TMS-EEG with direct cortical stimulation, thereby bypassing thalamic gating. These results suggest that cortical gating of the feedforward input is achieved by regulating the effective connectivity in the phase dynamics between cortical areas.
Impact of global structure on diffusive exploration of organelle networks
Authors: Brown Aidan I. , Westrate Laura M. , Koslover Elena F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate diffusive search on planar networks, motivated by tubular organelle networks in cell biology that contain molecules searching for reaction partners and binding sites. Exact calculation of the diffusive mean first-passage time on a spatial network is used to characterize the typical search time as a function of network connectivity. We find that global structural properties — the total edge length and number of loops — are sufficient to largely determine network exploration times for a variety of both synthetic planar networks and organelle morphologies extracted from living cells. For synthetic networks on a lattice, we predict the search time dependence on these global structural parameters by connecting with percolation theory, providing a bridge from irregular real-world networks to a simpler physical model. The dependence of search time on global network structural properties suggests that network architecture can be designed for efficient search without controlling the precise arrangement of connections. Specifically, increasing the number of loops substantially decreases search times, pointing to a potential physical mechanism for regulating reaction rates within organelle network structures.
Identifying predictive features of autism spectrum disorders in a clinical sample of adolescents and adults using machine learning
Authors: Küpper Charlotte , Stroth Sanna , Wolff Nicole , Hauck Florian , Kliewer Natalia , Schad-Hansjosten Tanja , Kamp-Becker Inge , Poustka Luise , Roessner Veit , Schultebraucks Katharina , Roepke Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a complicated, time-consuming process which is particularly challenging in older individuals. One of the most widely used behavioral diagnostic tools is the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Previous work using machine learning techniques suggested that ASD detection in children can be achieved with substantially fewer items than the original ADOS. Here, we expand on this work with a specific focus on adolescents and adults as assessed with the ADOS Module 4. We used a machine learning algorithm (support vector machine) to examine whether ASD detection can be improved by identifying a subset of behavioral features from the ADOS Module 4 in a routine clinical sample of N = 673 high-functioning adolescents and adults with ASD (n = 385) and individuals with suspected ASD but other best-estimate or no psychiatric diagnoses (n = 288). We identified reduced subsets of 5 behavioral features for the whole sample as well as age subgroups (adolescents vs. adults) that showed good specificity and sensitivity and reached performance close to that of the existing ADOS algorithm and the full ADOS, with no significant differences in overall performance. These results may help to improve the complicated diagnostic process of ASD by encouraging future efforts to develop novel diagnostic instruments for ASD detection based on the identified constructs as well as aiding clinicians in the difficult question of differential diagnosis.
The effect of metallic substrates on the optical properties of monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Grzeszczyk M. , Molas M. R. , Nogajewski K. , Bartoš M. , Bogucki A. , Faugeras C. , Kossacki P. , Babiński A. , Potemski M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAtomically thin materials, like semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (S-TMDs), are highly sensitive to the environment. This opens up an opportunity to externally control their properties by changing their surroundings. Photoluminescence and reflectance contrast techniques are employed to investigate the effect of metallic substrates on optical properties of MoSe2 monolayer (ML). The optical spectra of MoSe2 MLs deposited on Pt, Au, Mo and Zr have distinctive metal-related lineshapes. In particular, a substantial variation in the intensity ratio and the energy separation between a negative trion and a neutral exciton is observed. It is shown that using metals as substrates affects the doping of S-TMD MLs. The explanation of the effect involves the Schottky barrier formation at the interface between the MoSe2 ML and the metallic substrates. The alignment of energy levels at the metal/semiconductor junction allows for the transfer of charge carriers between them. We argue that a proper selection of metallic substrates can be a way to inject appropriate types of carriers into the respective bands of S-TMDs.
Ecological interactions are a primary driver of population dynamics in wine yeast microbiota during fermentation
Authors: Bagheri Bahareh , Bauer Florian Franz , Cardinali Gianluigi , Setati Mathabatha Evodia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpontaneous wine fermentation is characterized by yeast population evolution, modulated by complex physical and metabolic interactions amongst various species. The contribution of any given species to the final wine character and aroma will depend on its numerical persistence during the fermentation process. Studies have primarily evaluated the effect of physical and chemical factors such as osmotic pressure, pH, temperature and nutrient availability on mono- or mixed-cultures comprising 2–3 species, but information about how interspecies ecological interactions in the wine fermentation ecosystem contribute to population dynamics remains scant. Therefore, in the current study, the effect of temperature and sulphur dioxide (SO2) on the dynamics of a multi-species yeast consortium was evaluated in three different matrices including synthetic grape juice, Chenin blanc and Grechetto bianco. The population dynamics were affected by temperature and SO2, reflecting differences in stress resistance and habitat preferences of the different species and influencing the production of most volatile aroma compounds. Evidently at 15 °C and in the absence of SO2 non-Saccharomyces species were dominant, whereas at 25 °C and when 30 mg/L SO2 was added S. cerevisiae dominated. Population growth followed similar patterns in the three matrices independently of the conditions. The data show that fermentation stresses lead to an individual response of each species, but that this response is strongly influenced by the interactions between species within the ecosystem. Thus, our data suggest that ecological interactions, and not only physico-chemical conditions, are a dominant factor in determining the contribution of individual species to the outcome of the fermentation.
Severe maternal morbidity by mode of delivery in women with twin pregnancy and planned vaginal delivery
Authors: Korb Diane , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine , Goffinet François , Schmitz Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlanned vaginal delivery in twin pregnancies has three potential outcomes: vaginal or cesarean delivery of both twins, or cesarean for the second twin. Our objective was to assess the association between delivery mode and severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) in women with twin pregnancies and planned vaginal deliveries. We limited this planned secondary analysis of the JUMODA cohort, a national prospective population-based study of twin deliveries, to women with planned vaginal delivery at or after 24 weeks of gestation who gave birth to two live fetuses at hospital. The association between delivery mode and SAMM was estimated from multivariate Poisson regression models. Of 5,055 women with planned vaginal delivery, 4,007 (79.3%) delivered both twins vaginally, 134 (2.6%) had cesarean for the second twin and 914 (18.1%) cesarean for both twins. Compared to vaginal delivery of both twins, the risk of SAMM was significantly higher after cesarean for the second twin (9.0% versus 4.5%; aRR 2.22, 95% CI 1.27–3.88) and for both twins (9.4% versus 4.5%, aRR 1.56, 95% CI 1.16–2.10). In twin pregnancies with planned vaginal delivery, cesarean deliveries for the second twin and for both twins are associated with higher risks of SAMM than vaginal delivery.
Hollow Polyaniline Microsphere/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as an Effective Adsorbent for Removal of Arsenic from Water
Authors: Dutta Soumi , Manna Kunal , Srivastava Suneel Kumar , Gupta Ashok Kumar , Yadav Manoj Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolyaniline hollow microsphere (PNHM)/Fe3O4magnetic nanocomposites have been synthesized by a novel strategy and characterized. Subsequently, PNHM/Fe3O4-40 (Fe3O4content: 40 wt.%) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of arsenic (As) from the contaminated water. Our investigations showed 98–99% removal of As(III) and As(V) in the presence of PNHM/Fe3O4-40 following pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 > 0.97) and equilibrium isotherm data fitting well with Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.98). The maximum adsorption capacity of As(III) and As(V) correspond to 28.27 and 83.08 mg g−1, respectively. A probable adsorption mechanism based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was also proposed involving monodentate-mononuclear/bidentate-binuclear As-Fe complex formation via legend exchange. In contrast to NO3−and SO42−ions, the presence of PO43−and CO32−co-ions in contaminated water showed decrease in the adsorption capacity of As(III) due to the competitive adsorption. The regeneration and reusability studies of spent PNHM/Fe3O4-40 adsorbent showed ~83% of As(III) removal in the third adsorption cycle. PNHM/Fe3O4-40 was also found to be very effective in the removal of arsenic (<10 μg L−1) from naturally arsenic-contaminated groundwater sample.
Practical and environment-friendly indirect electrochemical reduction of indigo and dyeing
Authors: Yi Changhai , Tan Xiaodong , Bie Bihan , Ma Haitao , Yi Hong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndigo has been widely used as a dye in the industrial dyeing due to its good color fastness in dyeing cellulose fibers. However, excess reducing agent, “insurance powder (Na2S2O4)”, was always used in the actual production of the factory, sparking serious pollution (water pollution and air pollution). Herein, we developed a practical and environment-friendly indirect electrochemical reduction of indigo, and applied this method for cloth dyeing. The electrochemical device was designed in the combination of source of electro-catalytic reduction and dyeing. The iron-triethanolamine-calcium gluconate (Fe-TEOA-Ca) complex played a role of key intermediate, and ultrasonic wave was found to speed up the indirect electro-catalytic process. The electrochemical performance of intermedia was improved by calcium ion addition. Washed with oxalic acid solution, the dyed fabric could achieve the level of color fastness in industry standard. Generally speaking, our method leads to a green route for indigo reduction using electrochemistry, which may change the crafting process of indigo dyeing in industry.
Involvement of the Nucleus Accumbens in Chocolate-induced Cataplexy
Authors: Su Jingyang , Li Zhi , Yamashita Akira , Kusumoto-Yoshida Ikue , Isomichi Takuto , Hao Liying , Kuwaki Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHappiness is key for both mental and physical well-being. To further understand the brain mechanisms involved, we utilized the cataplexy that occurs in narcoleptic animal models as a quantitative behavioral measure because it is triggered by actions associated with happiness, such as laughter in humans and palatable foods in mice. Here we report that the rostral part of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is strongly activated during the beginning of chocolate-induced cataplexy in orexin neuron-ablated mice. We made a local lesion in the NAc using ibotenic acid and observed the animals’ behavior. The number of cataplexy bouts was negatively correlated to the lesion size. We also examined the hedonic response to palatable food by measuring the number of tongue protrusions in response to presentation of honey, which was also found to be negatively correlated to the lesion size. Next, we used clozapine N-oxide to either activate or inactivate the NAc through viral DREADD expression. As expected, the number of cataplexy bouts increased with activation and decreased with inactivation, and saline control injections showed no changes. Hedonic response in the DREADD experiment varied and showed both increases and decreases across mice. These results demonstrated that the rostral part of the NAc plays a crucial role in triggering cataplexy and hedonic orofacial movements. Since the NAc is also implicated in motivated behavior, we propose that the NAc is one of the key brain structures involved in happiness and is a driving force for positive emotion-related behaviors.
Neuroprotection with rasagiline in patients with macula-off retinal detachment: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Yu Siqing , Framme Carsten , Menke Marcel Nico , Berger Lieselotte Erika , Zinkernagel Martin Sebastian , Munk Marion Rohit , Wolf Sebastian , Ebneter Andreas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of rasagiline in pseudophakic patients who had surgery for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This was a 6-month, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Patients presenting with acute macula-off RRD were recruited and randomized 1:1 to receive rasagiline 1 mg/day or placebo for 7 days. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography were acquired 1 day before as well as 2 days, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. We screened 26 patients with RRD whereof 23 were eventually included and randomized. The primary outcome was final BCVA. Secondary outcomes included central retinal thickness (CRT) and adverse events (AE). We evaluated photoreceptor cells (prc) recovery through morphological measurements. The baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. BCVA significantly improved in both groups (letters gained: rasagiline 61.5 ± 18.1 vs placebo 55.3 ± 29.2, p = 0.56), but no significant inter-group difference was found at any visit. CRT was stable 3 weeks after surgery onwards, with no inter-group difference. No treatment-emergent AE occurred. Significant prc restoration was observed from 3 weeks to 6 months after surgery, without inter-group difference at either visit. Ellipsoid zone integrity (β = 0.517, p = 0.008) and foveal bulge (β = 0.387, p = 0.038) were significant predictors of good final BCVA. In conclusion, perioperative oral treatment with rasagiline 1 mg/day for 7 days did not show significant benefits on visual or anatomical outcomes in macula-off RRD patients.