bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statuts vénitiens et paysage documentaire à Candie aux xiiie et xive siècles
Authors: Magnani Matteo 
Published: February 2020

L’article se centre sur les rapports entre les Statuts produits et promulgués par Jacopo Tiepolo à Venise en 1242 et leur application à Candie, capitale de l’île de Crète et centre névralgique de l’empire maritime construit par la République de Saint Marc après la quatrième croisade. Les enjeux entre pratiques sociales et savoir juridique est abordé d’une façon nouvelle, à savoir à partir des interconnections entre les sources judiciaires produites à Candie et les normes des Statuts. L’un des objectifs de cet étude est direct à cerner le caractère communale d’une ville qui reflet et reproduise les expériences et l’articulation documentaire d’une commune italien au plain cœur de la Méditerranée orientale. Cet aspect nous permet également de joindre le premier axe du colloque centré sur les Statuts en rapports à d’autres documents produits par la commune. La production documentaire fondait les mesures sur lesquelles reposait la gouvernance vénitienne et reproduisait la structure des organismes délibérants. Il faut rappeler que la production des actes de la pratique correspond à un geste précis de gouvernement, à savoir la construction des modèles de références institutionnelles qu’il fallait imposer aux sujets. À partir des Statuts vénitiens notre parcours crétois nous amène à « mesurer la hiérarchie, la complémentarité et les conflits de normes entre statuts ». En outre, l’article vise à saisir le syncrétisme qui s’était produit entre expériences normatives différentes, à savoir entre la tradition législative byzantine et vénitienne d’un côté et leur emploi en justice.
High-Throughput Identification of MHC Class I Binding Peptides Using an Ultradense Peptide Array
Authors: Haj Amelia K. , Breitbach Meghan E. , Baker David A. , Mohns Mariel S. , Moreno Gage K. , Wilson Nancy A. , Lyamichev Victor , Patel Jigar , Weisgrau Kim L. , Dudley Dawn M. , O’Connor David H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rational vaccine development and evaluation requires identifying and measuring the magnitude of epitope-specific CD8 T cell responses. However, conventional CD8 T cell epitope discovery methods are labor intensive and do not scale well. In this study, we accelerate this process by using an ultradense peptide array as a high-throughput tool for screening peptides to identify putative novel epitopes. In a single experiment, we directly assess the binding of four common Indian rhesus macaque MHC class I molecules (Mamu-A1*001, -A1*002, -B*008, and -B*017) to ∼61,000 8-mer, 9-mer, and 10-mer peptides derived from the full proteomes of 82 SIV and simian HIV isolates. Many epitope-specific CD8 T cell responses restricted by these four MHC molecules have already been identified in SIVmac239, providing an ideal dataset for validating the array; up to 64% of these known epitopes are found in the top 192 SIVmac239 peptides with the most intense MHC binding signals in our experiment. To assess whether the peptide array identified putative novel CD8 T cell epitopes, we validated the method by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay and found three novel peptides that induced CD8 T cell responses in at least two Mamu-A1*001–positive animals; two of these were validated by ex vivo tetramer staining. This high-throughput identification of peptides that bind class I MHC will enable more efficient CD8 T cell response profiling for vaccine development, particularly for pathogens with complex proteomes for which few epitope-specific responses have been defined.
GCNT1-Mediated O-Glycosylation of the Sialomucin CD43 Is a Sensitive Indicator of Notch Signaling in Activated T Cells
Authors: Perkey Eric , Maurice De Sousa Dave , Carrington Léolène , Chung Jooho , Dils Alexander , Granadier David , Koch Ute , Radtke Freddy , Ludewig Burkhard , Blazar Bruce R. , Siebel Christian W. , Brennan Todd V. , Nolz Jeffrey , Labrecque Nathalie , Maillard Ivan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Notch signaling is emerging as a critical regulator of T cell activation and function. However, there is no reliable cell surface indicator of Notch signaling across activated T cell subsets. In this study, we show that Notch signals induce upregulated expression of the Gcnt1 glycosyltransferase gene in T cells mediating graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice. To determine if Gcnt1-mediated O-glycosylation could be used as a Notch signaling reporter, we quantified the core-2 O-glycoform of CD43 in multiple T cell subsets during graft-versus-host disease. Pharmacological blockade of Delta-like Notch ligands abrogated core-2 O-glycosylation in a dose-dependent manner after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, both in donor-derived CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells and in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. CD43 core-2 O-glycosylation depended on cell-intrinsic canonical Notch signals and identified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with high cytokine-producing ability. Gcnt1-deficient T cells still drove lethal alloreactivity, showing that core-2 O-glycosylation predicted, but did not cause, Notch-dependent T cell pathogenicity. Using core-2 O-glycosylation as a marker of Notch signaling, we identified Ccl19-Cre+ fibroblastic stromal cells as critical sources of Delta-like ligands in graft-versus-host responses irrespective of conditioning intensity. Core-2 O-glycosylation also reported Notch signaling in CD8+ T cell responses to dendritic cell immunization, Listeria infection, and viral infection. Thus, we uncovered a role for Notch in controlling core-2 O-glycosylation and identified a cell surface marker to quantify Notch signals in multiple immunological contexts. Our findings will help refine our understanding of the regulation, cellular source, and timing of Notch signals in T cell immunity.
Predictors of obstacle course racing performance
Authors: Titus Weston , Armenta Richard F. , Schubert Matthew M. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeObstacle course racing (OCR) has become a popular recreational activity in the recent 10 years, with more than 8.5 million participants. Despite the popularity, little is known about predictors of performance in OCR; research to date has focused on injury prevalence. The purpose of this study was to conduct laboratory and field tests of athletic performance in OCR athletes and examine their relationships to performance in simulated OCR.MethodsOverall, 32 men and women (mean ± standard deviation age: 42 ± 10 years; OCR experience: 2.8 ± 2.3 years) completed laboratory testing for maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic power (Wingate), vertical jump, flexibility, and body composition. Additional field tests were performed for 400-meter and 1-mile running time, muscle strength (back squats and deadlifts), and endurance (bucket carry for distance), grip strength, and burpees. The participants also completed a 3-mile simulated OCR. Independent t-tests examined differences between sex, and bivariate regressions were conducted between testing variables and OCR performance.ResultsFor the combined sample, the best individual predictors were mean relative power from the Wingate tests (β ± standard error [<i>SE</i>]: –6.47 ± 1.12) and mile-run time (β ± <i>SE</i>: 6.43 ± 0.71). Multivariable analysis controlling for age, sex, and mile-run time found an independent association between bucket carry for distance and race time (β ± <i>SE</i>: –0.04 ± 0.01), but mile-run time was still the best predictor (β ± <i>SE</i>: 6.33 ± 0.97).ConclusionsData from the study suggest that aerobic and anaerobic fitness have important contributions to OCR success.
Glacial-cycle simulations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) – Part 1: Boundary conditions and climatic forcing
Authors: Albrecht Torsten , Winkelmann Ricarda , Levermann Anders 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Simulations of the glacial–interglacial history of the Antarctic Ice Sheet provide insights into dynamic threshold behavior and estimates of the ice sheet's contributions to global sea-level changes for the past, present and future. However, boundary conditions are weakly constrained, in particular at the interface of the ice sheet and the bedrock. Also climatic forcing covering the last glacial cycles is uncertain, as it is based on sparse proxy data. We use the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) to investigate the dynamic effects of different choices of input data, e.g., for modern basal heat flux or reconstructions of past changes of sea level and surface temperature. As computational resources are limited, glacial-cycle simulations are performed using a comparably coarse model grid of 16 km and various parameterizations, e.g., for basal sliding, iceberg calving, or for past variations in precipitation and ocean temperatures. In this study we evaluate the model's transient sensitivity to corresponding parameter choices and to different boundary conditions over the last two glacial cycles and provide estimates of involved uncertainties. We also discuss isolated and combined effects of climate and sea-level forcing. Hence, this study serves as a “cookbook” for the growing community of PISM users and paleo-ice sheet modelers in general. For each of the different model uncertainties with regard to climatic forcing, ice and Earth dynamics, and basal processes, we select one representative model parameter that captures relevant uncertainties and motivates corresponding parameter ranges that bound the observed ice volume at present. The four selected parameters are systematically varied in a parameter ensemble analysis, which is described in a companion paper.
Reimagining Harrisburg's Old Eighth Ward Through Poetry
Authors: Corey Jean Thompson 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
This article discusses how poetry helped a digital history project go public. In the spring of 2018 Messiah College's Center for Public Humanities began hosting poetry workshops for Harrisburg middle school students that focused on the vanished community of the Old Eighth Ward. With the help of the 1910 federal census data accessible through the Digital Harrisburg website, students engaged this little-known history of their hometown through field trips followed by poetry workshops. As students imagined the world through the lens of a person in the Old Eighth Ward, they drew on their own experiences and imagination. Published and performed for diverse audiences in different venues, these poems invite a wider public to rethink the City Beautiful movement as they reimagine the once vibrant community.
Estresse por calor na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão clínica
Authors: Floss Mayara , Barros Enrique Falceto 
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A exposição nociva ao calor ganha mais relevância com a progressão do aquecimento global antropogênico e a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) tem um papel crescente nesse cenário. No Brasil, as ondas de calor entre 2014 e 2015 duraram mais tempo que nos anos prévios, além disso, entre 2000-2015 a associação entre temperatura e hospitalizações variou de acordo com a duração da exposição ao calor. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta revisão é realizar uma atualização sobre manejo clínico de patologias relacionadas ao calor na APS. Metodologia: Realizou-se a busca na base de dados ACCESSS, que utiliza a pirâmide 5.0 da assistência à saúde baseada em evidências. Foram identificados 103 sumários sintetizados para referência clínica com as palavras “Heat stress”, “Heat Stroke”, “Heat Wave” e “Heat Exhaustion”, mas apenas três entravam no escopo deste estudo. Resultados e Discussão: O estresse pelo calor é uma condição comum, negligenciada e evitável que afeta diversos pacientes, iniciando-se com uma má adaptação ao calor que se não for corrigida pode gerar uma cascata de eventos inflamatórios. O estresse pelo calor é caracterizado por sintomas inespecíficos, como mal-estar, cefaleia e náusea. O tratamento envolve o resfriamento do paciente e monitoramento, garantindo hidratação adequada. A exaustão pelo calor, se não tratada, pode evoluir para insolação, uma doença grave que pode levar ao coma e morte, envolvendo disfunção do sistema nervoso central - necessitando de um tratamento mais agressivo além do resfriamento.
Digital Whole Slide Imaging Compared With Light Microscopy for Primary Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology
Authors: Borowsky Alexander D. , Glassy Eric F. , Wallace William Dean , Kallichanda Nathash S. , Behling Cynthia A. , Miller Dylan V. , Oswal Hemlata N. , Feddersen Richard M. , Bakhtar Omid R. , Mendoza Arturo E. , Molden Daniel P. , Saffer Helene L. , Wixom Christopher R. , Albro James E. , Cessna Melissa H. , Hall Brian J. , Lloyd Isaac E. , Bishop John W. , Darrow Morgan A. , Gui Dorina , Jen Kuang-Yu , Walby Julie Ann S. , Bauer Stephen M. , Cortez Daniel A. , Gandhi Pranav , Rodgers Melissa M. , Rodriguez Rafael A. , Martin David R. , McConnell Thomas G. , Reynolds Samuel J. , Spigel James H. , Stepenaskie Shelly A. , Viktorova Elena , Magari Robert , Wharton Keith A. , Qiu Jinsong , Bauer Thomas W. 
Published: February 2020

Context.—The adoption of digital capture of pathology slides as whole slide images (WSI) for educational and research applications has proven utility.Objective.—To compare pathologists' primary diagnoses derived from WSI versus the standard microscope. Because WSIs differ in format and method of observation compared with the current standard glass slide microscopy, this study is critical to potential clinical adoption of digital pathology.Design.—The study enrolled a total of 2045 cases enriched for more difficult diagnostic categories and represented as 5849 slides were curated and provided for diagnosis by a team of 19 reading pathologists separately as WSI or as glass slides viewed by light microscope. Cases were reviewed by each pathologist in both modalities in randomized order with a minimum 31-day washout between modality reads for each case. Each diagnosis was compared with the original clinical reference diagnosis by an independent central adjudication review.Results.—The overall major discrepancy rates were 3.64% for WSI review and 3.20% for manual slide review diagnosis methods, a difference of 0.44% (95% CI, −0.15 to 1.03). The time to review a case averaged 5.20 minutes for WSI and 4.95 minutes for glass slides. There was no specific subset of diagnostic category that showed higher rates of modality-specific discrepancy, though some categories showed greater discrepancy than others in both modalities.Conclusions.—WSIs are noninferior to traditional glass slides for primary diagnosis in anatomic pathology.
Association between the levels of physical activity and plantar pressure in 6-14-year-old children
Authors: Štefan Lovro , Kasović Mario , Zvonar Martin 
Published: February 2020

Background
The main purpose of the study was to determine whether lower levels of physical activity were associated with higher plantar pressure generated under each foot.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 641 children aged 6–14 years (agemean ± SD = 9.7 ± 2.4 years; heightmean ± SD = 143.6 ± 15.3 cm, weightmean ± SD = 37.6 ± 13.4 kg; body-mass indexmean ± SD = 17.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2; 44.2% girls). We used EMED –XL pressure platform to measure force time integral, pressure-time integral, contact-time and contact area, peak plantar pressure and mean plantar pressure of the right and the left foot during the gait analysis. The level of physical activity was measured by using The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ–C). The associations were calculated by using generalized estimating equations with linear regression models.

Results
Lower levels of physical activity were associated with higher force- and pressure-time integrals, longer contact time and higher peak and mean plantar pressures in both feet.

Conclusion
Our study shows that the level of physical activity is strongly and inversely associated with plantar pressure in a sample of 6–14 year olds.
Intracranial aneurysm’s association with genetic variants, transcription abnormality, and methylation changes in ADAMTS genes
Authors: Chen Shi , Li Mengqi , Xin Wenqiang , Liu Shengze , Zheng Linfei , Li Yan , Li Mengyao , Zhan Mengxiong , Yang Xinyu 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The development of intracranial aneurysm (IA) has been linked to genetic factors. The current study examines the potential role of genes encoding disintegrin and metalloproteinase using thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) in IA development.

Material and Methods
High-throughput whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing were used when screening for deleterious single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in ADAMTS genes using samples from 20 Han Chinese patients: 19 with familial IA and one patient with sporadic IA. The variant frequencies in these subjects were compared to those in control individuals found in the Genome Aggregation Database. Transcriptome sequencing and methylation sequencing data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed ADAMTS genes and their methylation sites. We predicted the network of interactions among proteins encoded by the overlapping set of ADAMTS genes showing deleterious variants and both differential expression and abnormal methylation in IA. Possible candidate proteins linked to IA were validated using Western blot analysis. The associations between IA and SNVs rs11750568 in ADAMTS2, as well as rs2301612 and rs2285489 in ADAMTS13, were verified using the Sequenom MassArray system on a separate sample set of 595 Han Chinese patients with sporadic IA and 600 control individuals.

Results
A total of 16 deleterious variants in 13 ADAMTS genes were identified in our patients, and seven of these genes overlapped with the genes found to be differentially expressed and differentially methylated in the GEO database. Protein–protein interaction analysis predicted that ADAMTSL1 was at the center of the seven genes. ADAMTSL1 protein was lower expressed in IA tissue than in the control cerebral artery. Frequencies of the IA-related SNVs rs11750568 in ADAMTS2 and rs2301612 and rs2285489 in ADAMTS13 were not significantly different between sporadic IA patients and controls.

Conclusion
IA is associated with genetic variants, differential expression, and abnormal methylation in ADAMTS genes, ADAMTSL1 in particular.
A convenient diagnostic tool for discriminating adult-onset glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-positive autoimmune diabetes from type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study
Authors: Sia Hon-Ke , Tu Shih-Te , Liao Pei-Yung , Lin Kuan-Han , Kor Chew-Teng , Yeh Ling-Ling 
Published: February 2020

Background
The glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) test, commonly used to diagnose autoimmune diabetes, is not cost-effective in areas of low prevalence. The aim of this study was to develop a convenient tool to discriminate adult-onset GADA-positive autoimmune diabetes from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at Changhua Christian Hospital in Taiwan, collected electronic medical record data from January 2009 to December 2018. Patients were divided into a case group (GADA+, n = 152) and a reference group (T2DM, n = 358). Variables that differed significantly between the groups were subjected to receiver operator characteristic analysis to establish cutoff values. Discriminant function analysis was then employed to discriminate the two groups.

Results
At the onset of diabetes, the GADA+ group was younger, with lower body mass index (BMI), higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and lower total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). Five major factors were identified to form the linear discriminant functions: BMI, age at onset, TG, HDL-C, and HbA1c. BMI < 23 kg/m2 was the most important factor, followed by TG < 98 mg/dL, HDL-C ≥ 46 mg/dL, age at onset < 30 years, and HbA1c ≥ 8.6%. The overall accuracy of the linear discriminant functions was 87.1%, with 84.2% sensitivity and 88.3% specificity.

Conclusions
Routine tests in diabetes care were used to establish a convenient, low-cost tool that may assist in the early identification of adult-onset GAD+ autoimmune diabetes in clinical practice.
Complement interactions with the pathogenic Neisseriae: clinical features, deficiency states, and evasion mechanisms
Authors: Lewis Lisa A. , Ram Sanjay 
Published: February 2020

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, while Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis. Complement is a central arm of innate immune defenses and plays an important role in combating Neisserial infections. Persons with congenital and acquired defects in complement are at a significantly higher risk for invasive Neisserial infections such as invasive meningococcal disease and disseminated gonococcal infection compared to the general population. Of note, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis can only infect humans, which in part may be related to their ability to evade only human complement. This review summarizes the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of Neisserial infections in persons with defects in the complement system. Mechanisms used by these pathogens to subvert killing by complement and preclinical studies showing how these complement evasion strategies may be used to counteract the global threat of meningococcal and gonococcal infections are discussed.
Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Unique Micelle‐Assisted Assembly of Nanocrystals in Water
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Fang , Guo Wu‐Jie , Xiao Hongyan , Yang Qing‐Zheng , Chen Bin , Chen Yu‐Zhe , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is highly preferable because of its long lifetime and potential applications. However, these kinds of materials are still very scarce due to the weak spin–orbit coupling between singlet and triplet states and easily nonradiative decay of the excited states. Achieving room temperature phosphorescence under visible light excitation is particularly challenging in aqueous solution. Herein, a micelle‐assisted assembling strategy has been developed to realize pure organic RTP in water by using donor–acceptor molecules. A visible‐light responsive long‐lived RTP in water with a lifetime more than 3 ms is obtained by the prepared nanocrystals. However, the same molecules show no RTP as rigid bulk crystals. Spectroscopic studies, single‐crystal structure analysis, X‐ray diffraction patterns, and density functional theory calculations reveal that the intermolecular interactions, heavy atom effect, and the molecular packing way play critical role to the long‐lived RTP character for the assembled nanocrystals in water and thermally activated delayed fluorescence for crystals in solid.