bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary inclusion of Antarctic krill meal during the finishing feed period improves health and fillet quality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)
Authors: Mørkøre Turid , Moreno Helena M. , Borderías Javier , Larsson Thomas , Hellberg Hege , Hatlen Bjarne , Romarheim Odd Helge , Ruyter Bente , Lazado Carlo C. , Jiménez-Guerrero Raúl , Bjerke Målfrid T. , Benitez-Santana Tibiabin , Krasnov Aleksei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is an urgent need to find alternative feed resources that can further substitute fishmeal in Atlantic salmon diets without compromising health and food quality, in particular during the finishing feeding period when the feed demand is highest and flesh quality effects are most significant. This study investigates efficacy of substituting a isoprotein (35 %) and isolipid (35 %) low fishmeal diet (FM, 15 %) with Antarctic krill meal (KM, 12 %) during 3 months with growing finishing 2·3 kg salmon (quadruplicate sea cages/diet). Final body weight (3·9 (se0·04) kg) was similar in the dietary groups, but the KM group had more voluminous body shape, leaner hearts and improved fillet integrity, firmness and colour. Ectopic epithelial cells and focal Ca deposits in intestine were only detected in the FM group. Transcriptome profiling by microarray of livers showed dietary effects on several immune genes, and a panel of structural genes were up-regulated in the KM group, including cadherin and connexin. Up-regulation of genes encoding myosin heavy chain proteins was the main finding in skeletal muscle. Morphology examination by scanning electron microscopy and secondary structure by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy revealed more ordered and stable collagen architecture of the KM group. NEFA composition of skeletal muscle indicated altered metabolism ofn-3,n-6 and SFA of the KM group. The results demonstrated that improved health and meat quality in Atlantic salmon fed krill meal were associated with up-regulation of immune genes, proteins defining muscle properties and genes involved in cell contacts and adhesion, altered fatty acid metabolism and fat deposition, and improved gut health and collagen structure.
Induction of resistance againstBrevicoryne brassicaebyPseudomonas putidaand salicylic acid in canola
Authors: Khoshfarman-Borji H. , Pahlavan Yali M. , Bozorg-Amirkalaee M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicaeL. (Hem: Aphididae), is one of the most serious pests of canola worldwide. In this research, the effects ofPseudomonas putida, salicylic acid (SA), and integrated application of both inducers were studied on the resistance of canola toB. brassicae. In free-choice situation, the number ofB. brassicaeattracted on canola plants under treatments containingP. putidaand SA was significantly lower compared to control plants. In the life table study, pre-adult survival, longevity, reproductive period, and fecundity of this aphid were lowest on plants treated withP. putida+ SA. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of population increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) ofB. brassicaedecreased significantly in the following order: control (47.19 offspring, 0.293 and 1.340 day−1),P. putida(16.7 offspring, 0.238 and 1.269 day−1), SA (6.37 offspring, 0.163 and 1.178 day−1), andP. putida+ SA (3.24 offspring, 0.112 and 1.119 day−1). Moreover, the beneficial effect of the integrated application ofP. putidaand SA on plant growth parameters was significantly evident in our study. The highest values of glucosinolates, total phenol, and flavonoids were recorded inP. putida+ SA treatment. We concluded that canola plants treated withP. putida+ SA are more resistant to the cabbage aphid. These findings demonstrated that SA integrated withP. putidaon canola plants act effectively for reducing the population ofB. brassicaeand can be used in integrated management programs of this pest.
Facebook or fail-book: Exploring “community” in a virtual community of practice
Authors: Peeters Ward , Pretorius Marilize 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCreating collaborative working and learning experiences has long been at the forefront of computer-assisted language learning research. It is in this context that, in recent years, the integration of social networking sites and Web 2.0 in learning settings has surged, generating new opportunities to establish and explore virtual communities of practice (VCoPs). However, despite the number of studies on the concept, research remains inconclusive on how learners develop a sense of community in a VCoP, and what effect this may have on interaction and learning. This research project proposes to use social network analysis, part of graph theory, to explore the configuration of a set of VCoPs, and presents an empirical approach to determine how interaction in such communities takes shape. The present paper studies the concept of “community” in two VCoPs on Facebook. Participants (Group 1: N = 123, Group 2: N = 34) in both VCoPs are enrolled in English as a foreign language courses at two Belgian institutions of higher education. Social network analysis is used to show how both learner groups establish and develop a network of peers, and how different participants in those groups adopt different roles. Participation matrices reveal that interaction mainly revolves around a number of active key figures and that certain factors such as the incorporation of online and offline assignments and the inclusion of a teacher online result in varying levels of success when establishing collaborative dialogue within the VCoPs. Recommendations are formulated to inform and improve future practice.
China–Broiler Products (Article 21.5 – United States) – can the sum of the parts be less than the whole?
Authors: Alcover Maria , Crowley Meredith 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article explores economic and legal issues in the WTO dispute China–Broiler Products (Article 21.5–United States). In 2011, the US initiated a dispute against the conduct and results of China's 2009 trade remedy investigation into US broiler products (chickens). The Panel Report found that China had acted inconsistently with its WTO obligations. On the basis of a redetermination, China continued to impose duties and the United States initiated WTO compliance proceedings. The compliance Panel Report, circulated in 2018, concluded that China had failed to comply with its WTO obligations when allocating costs to construct US domestic prices for broiler products. However, China was found to have acted consistently with its WTO obligations with respect to two claims which raise some interesting legal questions. Ultimately, after almost a decade of litigation, China removed the antidumping and countervailing duties on US broiler products in 2018.
AGN feedback and the origin and fate of the hot gas in early-type galaxies
Authors: Pellegrini Silvia , Ciotti Luca , Negri Andrea , Ostriker Jeremiah P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present the results of two-dimensional, grid-type hydrodynamical simulations, with parsec-scale central resolution, for the evolution of the hot gas in isolated early-type galaxies (ETGs). The simulations include a physically self-consistent treatment of the mechanical (from winds) and radiative AGN feedback, and were run for a large set of realistic galaxy models. AGN feedback proves to be very important to maintain massive ETGs in a time-averaged quasi-steady state, keeping the star formation at a low level, and the central black hole mass on observed scaling relations. A comparison with recent determinations of the X-ray properties of ETGs in the local universe shows that, at later epochs, AGN feedback does not dramatically alter the gas content originating in stellar recycled material. Thus, the present-day X-ray luminosity is not a robust diagnostic of the impact of AGN activity, within a scenario where the hot gas mostly originates from the stellar population.
Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Feedback in Dwarf Galaxies: a View from Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Barai Paramita , de Gouveia Dal Pino Elisabete M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBlack holes are usually observed to be of stellar-mass or supermassive. By natural extension, there should be a population of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes (IMBHs: with mass between 100 to 106M⊙) in the Universe; which has started to been observed. An exciting claim has been made recently by Silk (2017): that early feedback by IMBHs in gas-rich dwarf galaxies at z = 5–8, can potentially solve multiple dwarf galaxy problems within the Λ-cold-dark-matter cosmology. We are performing Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations of (2Mpc)3 volumes, starting from z = 100, to test the case for IMBHs in Dwarf Galaxies. Black holes of mass 1000M⊙ are seeded inside halos when they reach a mass of 107M⊙. The black holes grow by accretion of gas from their surroundings and by merger with other black holes, and consequently eject feedback energy. We analyze the simulation output in post-processing to study the growth of the first IMBHs, and their impact on star-formation. Our conclusions, based on numerical simulation results, support the phenomenological ideas made by Silk (2017). IMBHs at the centers of dwarf galaxies can be a strong source of feedback to quench star-formation and generate outflows. At the same time, these IMBHs form the missing link between stellar-mass and supermassive BHs.
Life-cycles & Energetics of Radio-Loud AGN
Authors: Mahatma V. H. , Hardcastle M. J. ,   + LOFAR Surveys team
Published: April 2020

AbstractRadio jets are the large-scale and extragalactic footprints of accretion onto supermassive black holes, and are suggested to be the key ingredient controlling the galaxy stellar mass function. Of particular importance is their jet power - the time-averaged energetic feedback into their environment. Hence, the dynamics, energetics and life-cycles of radio-loud AGN (RLAGN) must be understood in order to build a qualitative and quantitative picture of their impact over cosmic time. Here, we present a study of the spectral age of two powerful, cluster-center radio galaxies, and compare with an analytic model to robustly determine their jet powers. We also present some recent LOFAR observations of the different phases of RLAGN activity, namely the remnant and subsequent restarting phases, which are key to understanding the dynamics of RLAGN over their total lifetime.
Chandra Early-Type Galaxy Atlas
Authors: Kim Dong-Woo , Anderson Craig , Burke Douglas , D’Abrusco Raffaele , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Fruscione Antonella , Lauer Jennifer , McCollough Michael , Morgan Douglas , Mossman Amy , O’Sullivan Ewan , Paggi Alessandro , Vrtilek Saeqa , Trinchieri Ginevra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe hot ISM in early-type galaxies (ETGs) plays a crucial role in understanding their formation and evolution. The structural features of the hot gas identified by Chandra observations point to key evolutionary mechanisms, (e.g., kim12). In our Chandra Galaxy Atlas (CGA) project, taking full advantage of the Chandra capabilities, we systematically analyzed the archival Chandra data of 72 ETGs and produced uniform data products of the hot gas properties. The main data products include spatially resolved 2D spectral maps of the hot gas from individual galaxies. We emphasize that new features can be identified in the spectral maps which are not easily visible in the surface brightness maps. The high-level images can be viewed at the dedicated CGA website, and the CGA data products can be downloaded to compare with other wavelength data and to perform user-specific analyses. Utilizing our data products, we will further address focused science topics.
Evolution of the M•-σ relation
Authors: Bhattacharyya D. , Mangalam A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBlack holes at the centers of the galaxies grow mainly by the processes of accretion, mergers, and consumption of stars. In the case of gas accretion with cooling sources, the flow is momentum driven, after which the black hole reaches a saturated mass, and subsequently, it grows only by consumption of stars. In addition, we include the effect of mergers on the growth of black hole spin and mass and study its evolution as a function of redshift in a ΛCDM cosmology using an initial seed mass and spin distribution functions that we have derived. For the stellar ingestion, we have assumed a power-law density profile for the galaxy in our framework of a new relativistic loss cone theory that includes the effect of the black hole spin. We predict the impact of the evolution on the M•−σ relation and compare it with available observations.
Exploring the radio and GeV-TeV γ-ray connection in the different blazar sub-classes
Authors: Lico R. , Giroletti M. , Orienti M. , Costamante L. , Pavlidou V. , D’Ammando F. , Tavecchio F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs revealed by the Fermi-LAT, blazars represent the dominant population of γ-ray emitters. An essential step for understanding blazar physics and the emission mechanisms is the investigation of a possible connection between the observed low- and high-energy emission. A number of works report on the existence of a significant correlation between radio emission and 0.1-100 GeV γ rays. How does this correlation evolve when very high energy (VHE, E > 0.1 TeV) γ rays are considered? The possible radio-VHE emission connection is still elusive mainly because of the lack of a homogeneous VHE sky coverage. In this work we explore the connection between the parsec-scale radio emission and GeV-TeV γ rays by using two unbiased blazar samples extracted from the 1FHL ( E > 10 GeV) and 2FHL (E > 50 GeV) Fermi catalogs. For comparison, we perform the same analysis by using the 3FGL 0.1-300 GeV γ-ray energy flux. Overall, we find out that there is no significant connection between radio and γ-ray emission above 10 GeV for all the blazar sub-classes with the exception of high synchrotron peaked objects. Conversely, when 0.1-300 GeV γ-ray energies are considered, a strong and significant correlation is found for all of the blazar sub-classes. We interpret these results within the context of the blazar spectral energy distribution properties.
Bending of the pc scale jet in 3C84
Authors: Hirano A. , Fujisawa K. , Niinuma K. ,   GENJI Collaboration
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe have conducted VLBI monitoring observations for a radio galaxy 3C 84 to investigate how the pc scale jet structure changes over a long period. VERA, a VLBI observation network in Japan, was used for the observation. The C3 component of the jet has continuously moved toward the south from the core. The motion was, however, not straight, but it showed a bending of about 0.3 mas (0.1 pc) with a time scale of 500-1000 days. Two models explaining the bending, local brightness distribution change or real change of the jet traveling direction, are discussed.
Extra-striatal D2/3 receptor availability in youth at risk for addiction
Authors: Jaworska Natalia , Cox Sylvia M. L. , Tippler Maria , Castellanos-Ryan Natalie , Benkelfat Chawki , Parent Sophie , Dagher Alain , Vitaro Frank , Boivin Michel , Pihl Robert O. , Côté Sylvana M. , Tremblay Richard E. , Séguin Jean R. , Leyton Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe neurobiological traits that confer risk for addictions remain poorly understood. However, dopaminergic function throughout the prefrontal cortex, limbic system, and upper brainstem has been implicated in behavioral features that influence addiction vulnerability, including poor impulse control, and altered sensitivity to rewards and punishments (i.e., externalizing features). To test these associations in humans, we measured type-2/3 dopamine receptor (DA2/3R) availability in youth at high vs. low risk for substance use disorders (SUDs). In this study,N = 58 youth (18.5 ± 0.6 years) were recruited from cohorts that have been followed since birth. Participants with either high (high EXT;N = 27; 16 F/11 M) or low pre-existing externalizing traits (low EXT;N = 31; 20 F/11 M) underwent a 90-min positron emission tomography [18F]fallypride scan, and completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Substance Use Risk Profile scale (SURPS), and Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) and Sensitivity to Reward (SR) questionnaire. We found that high vs. low EXT trait participants reported elevated substance use, BIS-11, SR, and SURPS impulsivity scores, had a greater prevalence of psychiatric disorders, and exhibited higher [18F]fallypride binding potential (BPND) values in prefrontal, limbic and paralimbic regions, even when controlling for substance use. Group differences were not evident in midbrain dopamine cell body regions, but, across all participants, low midbrain BPNDvalues were associated with low SP scores. Together, the results suggest that altered DA2/3R availability in terminal extra-striatal and dopamine cell body regions might constitute biological vulnerability traits, generating an EXT trajectory for addictions with and without co-occurring alterations in punishment sensitivity (i.e., an internalizing feature).
Selective degradation of IKKα by autophagy is essential for arsenite-induced cancer cell apoptosis
Authors: Tan Qixing , Zou Shuxian , Jin Rui , Hu Yongliang , Xu Huan , Wang Hongli , Ding Mengnan , Hu Meiru , Wei Changyuan , Song Lun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo catalytic subunits of the IKK complex, IKKα and IKKβ, trigger NF-κB activation as well as NF-κB-independent signaling events under both physiological and pathological conditions. Here we identified the NF-κB-unrelated cytoprotective function of IKKα in promoting autophagy by triggering p53 transactivation and upregulation of its downstream autophagic mediator, DRAM1, in the arsenite-treated hepatoma cells, which responses depended on IKKα kinase activity. Furthermore, IKKα triggered p53/DRAM1-dependent autophagy by inducing CHK1 activation and CHK1/p53 interaction. Interestingly, after provoking autophagy, IKKα could be specifically recognized by the autophagic machinery via directly binding with LC3B, resulting in selective degradation of IKKα by autophagy. Unexpectedly, the selectivity of autophagic sequestration towards IKKα was mediated by novel mechanism independent of the classical LC3-interacting regions (LIRs) within IKKα, while C-terminal arm of LIR was involved in mediating IKKα/LC3B interaction. Taken together, we conclude that IKKα attenuates arsenite-induced apoptosis by inducing p53-dependent autophagy, and then selective feedback degradation of IKKα by autophagy contributes to the cytotoxic response induced by arsenite.
A year in the life of a North Atlantic seabird: behavioural and energetic adjustments during the annual cycle
Authors: Dunn Ruth E. , Wanless Sarah , Daunt Francis , Harris Michael P. , Green Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring their annual cycles, animals face a series of energetic challenges as they prioritise different life history events by engaging in temporally and potentially spatially segregated reproductive and non-breeding periods. Investigating behaviour and energy use across these periods is fundamental to understanding how animals survive the changing conditions associated with annual cycles. We estimated year-round activity budgets, energy expenditure, location, colony attendance and foraging behaviour for surviving individuals from a population of common guillemotsUria aalge. Despite the potential constraints of reduced day lengths and sea surface temperatures in winter, guillemots managed their energy expenditure throughout the year. Values were high prior to and during the breeding season, driven by a combination of high thermoregulatory costs, diving activity, colony attendance and associated flight. Guillemots also exhibited partial colony attendance outside the breeding season, likely supported by local resources. Additionally, there was a mismatch in the timing of peaks in dive effort and a peak in nocturnal foraging activity, indicating that guillemots adapted their foraging behaviour to the availability of prey rather than daylight. Our study identifies adaptations in foraging behaviour and flexibility in activity budgets as mechanisms that enable guillemots to manage their energy expenditure and survive the annual cycle.
A Novel Mechanism for Nitrosative Stress Tolerance Dependent on GTP Cyclohydrolase II Activity Involved in Riboflavin Synthesis of Yeast
Authors: Anam Khairul , Nasuno Ryo , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe biological functions of nitric oxide (NO) depend on its concentration, and excessive levels of NO induce various harmful situations known as nitrosative stress. Therefore, organisms possess many kinds of strategies to regulate the intracellular NO concentration and/or to detoxify excess NO. Here, we used genetic screening to identify a novel nitrosative stress tolerance gene, RIB1, encoding GTP cyclohydrolase II (GTPCH2), which catalyzes the first step in riboflavin biosynthesis. Our further analyses demonstrated that the GTPCH2 enzymatic activity of Rib1 is essential for RIB1-dependent nitrosative stress tolerance, but that riboflavin itself is not required for this tolerance. Furthermore, the reaction mixture of a recombinant purified Rib1 was shown to quench NO or its derivatives, even though formate or pyrophosphate, which are byproducts of the Rib1 reaction, did not, suggesting that the reaction product of Rib1, 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospo-d-ribosylamino)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-one (DARP), scavenges NO or its derivatives. Finally, it was revealed that 2,4,5-triamino-1H-pyrimidin-6-one, which is identical to a pyrimidine moiety of DARP, scavenged NO or its derivatives, suggesting that DARP reacts with N2O3 generated via its pyrimidine moiety.
Correlation of anorectal manometry measures to severity of fecal incontinence in patients with anorectal malformations – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bjørsum-Meyer T. , Christensen P , Jakobsen M. S. , Baatrup G. , Qvist N 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnorectal malformations (ARM) are a spectrum of anomalies of the rectum and anal canal affecting 1 in 2500 to 5000 live births. Functional problems are common and related to the type of ARM and associated malformations. We aimed to evaluate the results of Three-dimensional High Resolution Anorectal Manometry (3D-HRAM) in long-term follow-up after surgical correction of ARM with special reference to fecal incontinence. Twenty-one patients with anorectal malformations and primary repair at our center consented to participate in the study. Pressures of the anal sphincter muscles and defects were addressed by 3D-HRAM. Fecal incontinence and disease-specific quality of life were evaluated by the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life score and Wexner incontinence score respectively. The study was approved by the Committee in Health Research Ethics and the Danish Data Protection Agency. Median age was 22(12–31) years and 13(67%) participants were females. Sphincter defect was present in 48% (N = 10) of participants. Participants with sphincter defects had significant higher Wexner score and size of sphincter defects and mean anal squeeze pressure were correlated to Wexner score. Participants with or without sphincter defects did not differ on manometry parameters including resting anal and squeeze pressure or disease-specific quality of life. In a study of the long-term outcome after repair of anorectal malformations we found a higher Wexner incontinence score in the presence of an anal sphincter defect and the size of the defect and mean anal squeeze pressure were correlated to the Wexner incontinence score.