bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Constraint on the Fluid‐Bearing Systems Feeding Hakone Volcano, Central Japan
Authors: Kashiwagi Hirokazu , Nakajima Junichi , Yukutake Yohei , Honda Ryou , Abe Yuki , Sakai Shin'ichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvestigating heterogeneous structures beneath active volcanoes is important for better understanding of volcanic activity and improved mitigation of volcanic risk. In central Japan, Hakone volcano has recently shown shallow earthquake swarms and deep low‐frequency earthquakes (DLFEs), which are probably related to geothermal or deep magmatic activity. In order to image the feeding system beneath this volcano, we estimate 3‐D P wave attenuation structure using waveform data recorded at permanent and densely distributed temporary seismograph stations. We first determine corner frequencies of the earthquakes and then perform a joint inversion to obtain attenuation terms (t*) and site responses. Values of t* are finally inverted to estimate the attenuation structure to a depth of 50 km. High‐attenuation zones at depths ≤5 km suggest that fracture zones are permeated with hydrothermal fluids. A high–strain rate zone revealed by geodetic observations is spatially correlated with a high‐attenuation volume at depths of 5–10 km, suggesting that the anelastic deformation is dominant in the high‐attenuation zones. A subvertical volume of moderate attenuation that is imaged at depths of 10–20 km beneath Hakone volcano is connected to the top of a zone of partial melting beneath Mt. Fuji at depths ≥30 km through a subhorizontal channel at a depth of ~25 km. DLFEs in the lower crust and fluid‐related activity such as earthquake swarms in the upper crust occur in this volume. The zone is thus interpreted as a fluid‐bearing pathway, which allows the rise of magmatic fluids to Hakone volcano.
Examination of Global Midlatitude Atmospheric River Lifecycles Using an Object‐Oriented Methodology
Authors: Shearer Eric J. , Nguyen Phu , Sellars Scott L. , Analui Bita , Kawzenuk Brian , Hsu Kuo‐lin , Sorooshian Soroosh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTracking atmospheric rivers (ARs) across their lifecycles is a field of recent interest with a multitude of emerging methodologies. The CONNected‐objECT (CONNECT) algorithm is adapted for the tracking of global midlatitude AR lifecycles and associated precipitation by implementing a seeded region growing segmentation algorithm, creating the AR‐CONNECT algorithm. To facilitate the permissiveness of the methodology, AR‐CONNECT is without hard‐coded geometric criteria yet is still shown to extract synoptic‐scale elongated objects >99.99% of the time. One of the consequences of the methodology is the ability to occasionally track atmospheric water vapor anomalies before evolving into AR geometries, effectively tracking AR genesis further back than other studies. With the aid of subdaily satellite‐derived rain data, we investigate the climatology, trends, and patterns of AR lifecycles from 1983–2016 and compare with other AR tracking studies. We find that AR frequency, genesis, and terminus locations are in generally good agreement with other AR tracking methodologies, though with key differences, and that AR frequencies in each hemisphere are determined by the number of AR hotspots. Furthermore, we uncover evidence that certain AR characteristics, such as frequency, areal extent, and duration, show evidence of increasing trends. Midlatitude precipitation uncovered by AR‐CONNECT shows contributions up to 50% over land and 65% over the ocean. Trend analysis of AR precipitation shows an increase in precipitation associated with ARs propagated by the Southern Jet Stream and ARs that traverse over the Sahara Desert, among others, but is determined not to be a driver of changes in global precipitation.
How to Avoid and Correct Biased Riverine Surface Image Velocimetry
Authors: Detert M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBecause digital image data acquisition has become low cost and various image analysis tools have become available, the number of image‐based measurement applications is increasing and so is the number of misleading applications. This paper shows how to avoid and correct problematic measurement setups and erroneous analyses by reexamining three recently published data sets on the application of surface image velocimetry to rivers. The results of these data sets were greatly improved by following image velocimetry best practices using intrinsic and extrinsic camera calibration, correcting acquisition frame rates, using appropriate image and velocimetry filters, and reducing bias due to near‐zero velocities. This paper illustrates how to perform more accurate Particle Image Velocimetry analyses and presents results that are in much better agreement with direct field measurements. General recommendations are given to provide guidance to help end users perform image‐based surface flow velocimetry measurements.
Alzheimer’s genetic risk factor FERMT2 (Kindlin-2) controls axonal growth and synaptic plasticity in an APP-dependent manner
Authors: Eysert Fanny , Coulon Audrey , Boscher Emmanuelle , Vreulx Anaїs-Camille , Flaig Amandine , Mendes Tiago , Hughes Sandrine , Grenier-Boley Benjamin , Hanoulle Xavier , Demiautte Florie , Bauer Charlotte , Marttinen Mikael , Takalo Mari , Amouyel Philippe , Desai Shruti , Pike Ian , Hiltunen Mikko , Chécler Frédéric , Farinelli Mélissa , Delay Charlotte , Malmanche Nicolas , Hébert Sébastien S. , Dumont Julie , Kilinc Devrim , Lambert Jean-Charles , Chapuis Julien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough APP metabolism is being intensively investigated, a large fraction of its modulators is yet to be characterized. In this context, we combined two genome-wide high-content screenings to assess the functional impact of miRNAs and genes on APP metabolism and the signaling pathways involved. This approach highlighted the involvement ofFERMT2(or Kindlin-2), a genetic risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as a potential key modulator of axon guidance, a neuronal process that depends on the regulation of APP metabolism. We found that FERMT2 directly interacts with APP to modulate its metabolism, and that FERMT2 underexpression impacts axonal growth, synaptic connectivity, and long-term potentiation in an APP-dependent manner. Last, the rs7143400-T allele, which is associated with an increased AD risk and localized within the 3′UTR of FERMT2, induced a downregulation of FERMT2 expression through binding of miR-4504 among others. This miRNA is mainly expressed in neurons and significantly overexpressed in AD brains compared to controls. Altogether, our data provide strong evidence for a detrimental effect of FERMT2 underexpression in neurons and insight into how this may influence AD pathogenesis.
Oligodendrocyte lineage cells and depression
Authors: Zhou Butian , Zhu Zhongqun , Ransom Bruce R. , Tong Xiaoping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDepression is a common mental illness, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Decades of investigation have yielded symptomatic therapies for this disabling condition but have not led to a consensus about its pathogenesis. There are data to support several different theories of causation, including the monoamine hypothesis, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis changes, inflammation and immune system alterations, abnormalities of neurogenesis and a conducive environmental milieu. Research in these areas and others has greatly advanced the current understanding of depression; however, there are other, less widely known theories of pathogenesis. Oligodendrocyte lineage cells, including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes, have numerous important functions, which include forming myelin sheaths that enwrap central nervous system axons, supporting axons metabolically, and mediating certain forms of neuroplasticity. These specialized glial cells have been implicated in psychiatric disorders such as depression. In this review, we summarize recent findings that shed light on how oligodendrocyte lineage cells might participate in the pathogenesis of depression, and we discuss new approaches for targeting these cells as a novel strategy to treat depression.
Novel Aza-podophyllotoxin derivative induces oxidative phosphorylation and cell death via AMPK activation in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Tailor Dhanir , Going Catherine C. , Resendez Angel , Kumar Vineet , Nambiar Dhanya K. , Li Yang , Dheeraj Arpit , LaGory Edward Lewis , Ghoochani Ali , Birk Alisha M. , Stoyanova Tanya , Ye Jiangbin , Giaccia Amato J. , Le Quynh-Thu , Singh Rana P. , Sledge George W. , Pitteri Sharon J. , Malhotra Sanjay V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
To circumvent Warburg effect, several clinical trials for different cancers are utilising a combinatorial approach using metabolic reprogramming and chemotherapeutic agents including metformin. The majority of these metabolic interventions work via indirectly activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to alter cellular metabolism in favour of oxidative phosphorylation over aerobic glycolysis. The effect of these drugs is dependent on glycaemic and insulin conditions. Therefore, development of small molecules, which can activate AMPK, irrespective of the energy state, may be a better approach for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment.

Methods
Therapeutic effect of SU212 on TNBC cells was examined using in vitro and in vivo models.

Results
We developed and characterised the efficacy of novel AMPK activator (SU212) that selectively induces oxidative phosphorylation and decreases glycolysis in TNBC cells, while not affecting these pathways in normal cells. SU212 accomplished this metabolic reprogramming by activating AMPK independent of energy stress and irrespective of the glycaemic/insulin state. This leads to mitotic phase arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells. In vivo, SU212 inhibits tumour growth, cancer progression and metastasis.

Conclusions
SU212 directly activates AMPK in TNBC cells, but does not hamper glucose metabolism in normal cells. Our study provides compelling preclinical data for further development of SU212 for the treatment of TNBC.
Serum lipid profiles and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Fang Zhe , He Mingming , Song Mingyang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
It remains unclear whether serum lipids influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of 380,087 adults aged 40–69 years in the UK Biobank. Serum high-density cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein A and B were measured. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) of CRC according to one standard deviation (SD) increment in serum lipids. We conducted subgroup analysis by tumour anatomical subsites.

Results
During a median of 10.3 years of follow-up, we documented 2667 incident CRC cases. None of the lipid biomarkers was associated with the risk of CRC after adjusting for potential confounding factors, including body mass index and waist circumference. When assessed by cancer subsites, serum triglycerides was associated with an increased risk of cancer in the caecum and transverse colon, with the HR of 1.12 (95% CI, 1.00–1.25) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.09–1.53), respectively; and apolipoprotein A was associated with a lower risk of hepatic flexure cancer (HR, 0.73, 95% CI, 0.56–0.96).

Conclusions
Serum lipid profiles were not associated with colorectal cancer risk after adjusting for obesity indicators. The potential subsite-specific effects of triglycerides and apolipoprotein A require further confirmation.
Analysis of a radiation-induced dwarf mutant of a warm-season turf grass reveals potential mechanisms involved in the dwarfing mutant
Authors: Lin Tianyi , Zhou Ren , Bi Bo , Song Liangyuan , Chai Mingliang , Wang Qiaomei , Song Guoqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZoysia matrella [L.] Merr. is a widely cultivated warm-season turf grass in subtropical and tropical areas. Dwarf varieties of Z. matrella are attractive to growers because they often reduce lawn mowing frequencies. In this study, we describe a dwarf mutant of Z. matrella induced from the 60Co-γ-irradiated calluses. We conducted morphological test and physiological, biochemical and transcriptional analyses to reveal the dwarfing mechanism in the mutant. Phenotypically, the dwarf mutant showed shorter stems, wider leaves, lower canopy height, and a darker green color than the wild type (WT) control under the greenhouse conditions. Physiologically, we found that the phenotypic changes of the dwarf mutant were associated with the physiological responses in catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, soluble protein, lignin, chlorophyll, and electric conductivity. Of the four endogenous hormones measured in leaves, both indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid contents were decreased in the mutant, whereas the contents of gibberellin and brassinosteroid showed no difference between the mutant and the WT control. A transcriptomic comparison between the dwarf mutant and the WT leaves revealed 360 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), including 62 up-regulated and 298 down-regulated unigenes. The major DEGs related to auxin transportation (e.g., PIN-FORMED1) and cell wall development (i.e., CELLULOSE SYNTHASE1) and expansin homologous genes were all down-regulated, indicating their potential contribution to the phenotypic changes observed in the dwarf mutant. Overall, the results provide information to facilitate a better understanding of the dwarfing mechanism in grasses at physiological and transcript levels. In addition, the results suggest that manipulation of auxin biosynthetic pathway genes can be an effective approach for dwarfing breeding of turf grasses.
Establishment and characterisation of testicular cancer patient-derived xenograft models for preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies
Authors: de Vries Gerda , Rosas-Plaza Ximena , Meersma Gert Jan , Leeuwenburgh Vincent C. , Kok Klaas , Suurmeijer Albert J. H. , van Vugt Marcel A. T. M. , Gietema Jourik A. , de Jong Steven 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTesticular cancer (TC) is the most common solid tumour in young men. While cisplatin-based chemotherapy is highly effective in TC patients, chemoresistance still accounts for 10% of disease-related deaths. Pre-clinical models that faithfully reflect patient tumours are needed to assist in target discovery and drug development. Tumour pieces from eight TC patients were subcutaneously implanted in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. Three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of TC, including one chemoresistant model, were established containing yolk sac tumour and teratoma components. PDX models and corresponding patient tumours were characterised by H&E, Ki-67 and cyclophilin A immunohistochemistry, showing retention of histological subtypes over several passages. Whole-exome sequencing, copy number variation analysis and RNA-sequencing was performed on these TP53 wild type PDX tumours to assess the effects of passaging, showing high concordance of molecular features between passages. Cisplatin sensitivity of PDX models corresponded with patients’ response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. MDM2 and mTORC1/2 targeted drugs showed efficacy in the cisplatin sensitive PDX models. In conclusion, we describe three PDX models faithfully reflecting chemosensitivity of TC patients. These models can be used for mechanistic studies and pre-clinical validation of novel therapeutic strategies in testicular cancer.
Long sequence single-exposure videography using spatially modulated illumination
Authors: Ek Simon , Kornienko Vassily , Kristensson Elias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrequency recognition algorithm for multiple exposures (FRAME) is a single-exposure imaging technique that can be used for ultrafast videography, achieved through rapid illumination with spatially modulated laser pulses. To date, both the limit in sequence length as well as the relation between sequence length and image quality are unknown for FRAME imaging. Investigating these questions requires a flexible optical arrangement that has the capability of reaching significantly longer image sequences than currently available solutions. In this paper we present a new type of FRAME setup that fulfills this criteria. The setup relies only on (i) a diffractive optical element, (ii) an imaging lens and (iii) a digital micromirror device to generate a modulated pulse train with sequence lengths ranging from 2 to 1024 image frames. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the highest number of temporally resolved frames imaged in a single-exposure.
Fish telocytes and their relation to rodlet cells in ruby-red-fin shark (rainbow shark) Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Abd-Elhafeez Hanan H. , Abdo Walied , Kamal Basma Mohamed , Soliman Soha A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTelocytes comprise the major constituents of the supportive interstitial framework within the various organs. They form a 3D network between different types of stromal and non-stromal cells, which makes them distinctively vital. We have previously explored the origin of the peculiar rodlet cells, especially on their differential stages in aquatic species. The current study aimed at highlighting the relation of telocytes with different rodlet stages. Samples of fish, olfactory organs, and gills were processed for semi thin sections, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. It was evident in the study that telocytes formed a 3D interstitial network, entrapping stem cells and differentiating rodlet cells, to establish direct contact with stem cells. Differentiated stem cells and rodlet progenitor cells, practically in the granular and transitional stages, also formed ultrastructure junctional modifications, by which nanostructures are formed to establish cell contact with telocytes. Telocytes in turn also connected with macrophage progenitor cells. Telocytes (TCs) expressed CD34, CD117, VEGF, and MMP-9. In conclusion, telocytes established direct contact with the stem and rodlet cells in various differential stages. Telocytes may vitally influence stem/progenitor cell differentiation, regulate rodlet cell function, and express MPP-9 that may regulate immune cells functions especially, including movement and migration ability.
Knowledge on exotic mosquitoes in Germany, and public acceptance and effectiveness of Bti and two self-prepared insecticides against Aedes japonicus japonicus
Authors: Reuss Friederike , Kreß Aljoscha , Braun Markus , Magdeburg Axel , Pfenninger Markus , Müller Ruth , Mehring Marion 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMosquito-borne diseases are a continuous challenge to public health. To prevent transmission, Integrated Vector Management (IVM) applies preventive, control, and communicational strategies that should be feasible, environmentally benign, and sustainable. IVM shows higher efficiency when being supported by local communities. Accordingly, we applied a social-ecological approach to identify the public acceptance of control measures and effectiveness of Eurocent coins containing copper, clove essential oil (EO) and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). We performed field and laboratory experiments to demonstrate the toxicity of alternative substances against Aedes japonicus japonicus. In expert interviews, we asked for (1) knowledge on exotic mosquitoes in Germany, (2) potential chances of alternative substances in future mosquito control, and (3) their needs for further clarification before application. We assessed potential users’ (4) awareness of exotic mosquitoes and (5) willingness to apply the substances. Self-prepared copper coins and EO were clearly preferred by potential users over Bti. However, 100% mortality of the sensitive first stage could not be reached with the number of ten 5-Eurocent coins showing limited toxicity. Clove EO was shown to work as oviposition deterrent and larvicide with a LC50 of 17 mg l−1 (95% CI: 15–19 mg l−1). This study shows the importance of potential users’ perspectives in IVM and the need for authorised insecticides.
Mirror effect in atomic force microscopy profiles enables tip reconstruction
Authors: Marques-Moros Francisco , Forment-Aliaga Alicia , Pinilla-Cienfuegos Elena , Canet-Ferrer Josep 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, the tip convolution effect in atomic force microscopy is revisited to illustrate the capabilities of cubic objects for determination of the tip shape and size. Using molecular-based cubic nanoparticles as a reference, a two-step tip reconstruction process has been developed. First, the tip-to-face angle is estimated by means of an analysis of the convolution error while the tip radius is extracted from the experimental profiles. The results obtained are in good agreement with specification of the tip supplier even though the experiments have been conducted using real distribution of nanoparticles with dispersion in size and aspect ratio. This demonstrates the reliability of our method and opens the door for a more accurate tip reconstruction by using calibration standards.
Chiroptical property enhancement of chiral Eu(III) complex upon association with DNA-CTMA
Authors: Minami Haruki , Itamoto Natsumi , Watanabe Wataru , Li Ziying , Nakamura Kazuki , Kobayashi Norihisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDNA-based materials have attracted much attention due to their unique photo-functional properties and potential applications in various fields such as luminescent and biological systems, nanodevices, etc. In this study, the photophysical properties of a chiral Eu(III) complex, namely (Eu(D-facam)3), within DNA films were extensively investigated. The enhancement of photoluminescence (more than 25-folds increase of luminescence quantum yield) and degree of circularly polarization in luminescence (glum = − 0.6) was observed upon interaction with DNA. Various photophysical analyses suggested that the emission enhancement was mainly due to an increase of the sensitization efficiency (high ηsens) from the ligands to Eu(III) and suppression of the vibrational deactivation upon immobilization onto the DNA molecule. From CD and VCD measurements, it was suggested that the coordination structure of Eu(D-facam)3 was affected by the interaction with DNA, suggesting that the structural change of Eu(D-facam)3 contributed to the improvement of its luminescent properties.