bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Observing and Tiling Strategies for the DESI Legacy Surveys
Authors: Burleigh Kaylan J. , Landriau Martin , Dey Arjun , Lang Dustin , Schlegel David J. , Nugent Peter E. , Blum Robert , Findlay Joseph R. , Finkbeiner Douglas P. , Herrera David , Honscheid Klaus , Juneau Stéphanie , McGreer Ian , Meisner Aaron M. , Moustakas John , Myers Adam D. , Patej Anna , Schlafly Edward F. , Valdes Francisco , Walker Alistair R. , Weaver Benjamin A. , Yèche Christophe ,   and the DECaLS, MzLS, and BASS Teams
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Surveys, a combination of three ground-based imaging surveys, have mapped 16,000 deg2 in three optical bands (g, r, and z) to a depth 1–2 mag deeper than the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our work addresses one of the major challenges of wide-field imaging surveys conducted at ground-based observatories: the varying depth that results from varying observing conditions at Earth-bound sites. To mitigate these effects, the Legacy Surveys (the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey, or DECaLS; the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey, or MzLS; and the Beiijing-Arizona Sky Survey, or BASS) employed a unique strategy to dynamically adjust the exposure times as rapidly as possible in response to the changing observing conditions. We present the tiling and observing strategies used by the first two of these surveys. We demonstrate that the tiling and dynamic observing strategies jointly result in a more uniform-depth survey that has higher efficiency for a given total observing time compared with the traditional approach of using fixed exposure times.
New Candidates for Planetary-mass Brown Dwarfs in IC 348
Authors: Luhman K. L. , Hapich C. J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have used infrared images obtained with the Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope to search for planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the star-forming cluster IC 348. In those images, we have identified 12 objects that have colors indicative of spectral types later than M8, corresponding to masses of ≲30 M
Jup at the age of IC 348. The four brightest candidates have been observed with spectroscopy, all of which are confirmed to have late types. Two of those candidates appear to be young, and thus are likely members of the cluster, while the ages and membership of the other two candidates are uncertain. One of the former candidates is the faintest known member of IC 348 in extinction-corrected K

s
and is expected to have a mass of 4–5 M
Jup based on evolutionary models and an assumed age of 3 Myr. Four of the remaining eight candidates have ground-based photometry that further supports their candidacy as brown dwarfs, some of which are fainter (and potentially less massive) than the known members.
Long-term Photometry and Orbital Period Change of the W UMa–type Binary v0599 Aur: Evidence of about 11 yr Magnetic-activity Cycle
Authors: Hu Ke , Yu Yun-Xia , Zhang Jian-Fu , Xiang Fu-Yuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Combining all available photometric data from various surveys and literature with our observations, we present 10 sets of light curves for the eclipsing binary V0599 Aur covering a timescale of 20 yr. During the last two decades, the O’Connell effect continuously varied and went through at least two flips between positive and negative effects. The photometric solutions from our two sets of multicolored light curves show that V0599 Aur is a W-type shallow contact binary with an active spot on the secondary. Its absolute parameters are determined by combining the Gaia distance with the photometric solutions. The period investigation reveals a secular decrease and a cyclic variation in its orbital period. The former mainly originates from the mass transfer from the more massive secondary to the less massive primary. The latter can be preferentially explained as a result of cyclic magnetic activity of the secondary, with three observational supports: (1) the existence and evolution of an active spot suggested by the long-term photometry, (2) periodic variation in both the O’Connell effect and relative luminosity, and (3) weak correlations between O’Connell effect/relative luminosity changes and cyclic period variation. Together with the cyclic period variation and its theoretical reasonability by Applegate’s mechanism, we suggest that the secondary of V0599 Aur is a solar-type magnetic-activity star with an approximately 11 yr active cycle. Furthermore, by combining the secular period decrease with the Roche-lobe model, we infer that V0599 Aur is evolving from the marginal contact state controlled by thermal relaxation oscillation theory to the overcontact state.
Caltech-NRAO Stripe 82 Survey (CNSS). IV. The Birth of Radio-loud Quasar 013815+00
Authors: Kunert-Bajraszewska Magdalena , Wołowska Aleksandra , Mooley Kunal , Kharb Preeti , Hallinan Gregg 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is believed that the gas accretion onto supermassive black holes is the main process of powering this quasar’s luminous emission, which occurs in optical, UV, and X-ray regimes and less frequently in radio waves. The observational fact that only a few percent of quasars are radio-loud is still an unresolved issue concerning the understanding of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) population. Here we present a detection of a rapid transition from the radio-quiet to the radio-loud mode in quasar 013815+00 (z = 0.94) which coincides with changes of its UV–optical continuum and the low ionization Mg ii broadline. We interpret this as an enhancement of accretion onto a central black hole of about 109 solar masses. As a consequence a new radio-loud AGN was born. Its spectral and morphological properties indicate that it went through the short gigahertz-peaked spectrum phase at the beginning of its activity and has now stabilized its flux density at the level of a few millijansky. The radio morphology of 013815+00 is very compact and we predict that with such short-term jet activity its development will be very slow. The observed luminosity changes of the accretion disk are shorter than the lifetime of the new radio phase in 013815+00.
Cosmology-independent Estimate of the Hubble Constant and Spatial Curvature using Time-delay Lenses and Quasars
Authors: Wei Jun-Jie , Melia Fulvio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With the distance sum rule in the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, model-independent constraints on both the Hubble constant H
0 and spatial curvature

can be obtained using strong lensing time-delay data and Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) luminosity distances. This method is limited by the relatively low redshifts of SNe Ia, however. Here, we propose using quasars as distance indicators, extending the coverage to encompass the redshift range of strong lensing systems. We provide a novel and improved method of determining H
0 and

simultaneously. By applying this technique to the time-delay measurements of seven strong lensing systems and the known ultraviolet versus X-ray luminosity correlation of quasars, we constrain the possible values of both H
0 and

, and find that

km

and

. The measured

is consistent with zero spatial curvature, indicating that there is no significant deviation from a flat universe. If we use flatness as a prior, we infer that

km

, representing a precision of 2.5%. If we further combine these data with the 1048 current Pantheon SNe Ia, our model-independent constraints can be further improved to

km

and

. In every case, we find that the Hubble constant measured with this technique is strongly consistent with the value (∼74 km

) measured using the local distance ladder, as opposed to the value optimized by Planck.
Multiwavelength Observations of 2HWC J1928+177: Dark Accelerator or New TeV Gamma-Ray Binary?
Authors: Mori Kaya , An Hongjun , Feng Qi , Malone Kelly , Prado Raul R. , Schutt Theo , Dingus Brenda L. , Gotthelf E. V. , Hailey Charles J. , Hare Jeremy , Kargaltsev Oleg , Mukherjee Reshmi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
2HWC J1928+177 is a Galactic TeV gamma-ray source detected by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory up to ∼56 TeV. The HAWC source, later confirmed by the High Energy Stereoscopic System, still remains unidentified as a dark accelerator since there is no apparent supernova remnant or pulsar wind nebula detected in the lower-energy bands. The radio pulsar PSR J1928+1746, coinciding with the HAWC source position, has no X-ray counterpart. Our SED modeling shows that inverse Compton scattering in the putative pulsar wind nebula can account for the TeV emission only if the unseen nebula is extended beyond

r
∼
4
′

. Alternatively, TeV gamma-rays may be produced by hadronic interactions between relativistic protons from an undetected supernova remnant associated with the radio pulsar and a nearby molecular cloud G52.9+0.1. NuSTAR and Chandra observations detected a variable X-ray point source within the HAWC error circle, potentially associated with a bright infrared (IR) source. The X-ray spectra can be fitted with an absorbed power-law model with N
H = (9 ± 3) × 1022 cm−2 and ΓX = 1.6 ± 0.3 and exhibit long-term X-ray flux variability over the last decade. If the X-ray source, possibly associated with the IR source (likely an O star), is the counterpart of the HAWC source, it may be a new TeV gamma-ray binary powered by collisions between the pulsar wind and stellar wind. Follow-up X-ray observations are warranted to search for diffuse X-ray emission and determine the nature of the HAWC source.
Electron Density Structure of the Local Galactic Disk
Authors: Ocker Stella Koch , Cordes James M. , Chatterjee Shami 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pulsar dispersion measures (DMs) have been used to model the electron density of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the Galactic disk as a plane-parallel medium, despite significant scatter in the DM-distance distribution and strong evidence for inhomogeneities in the ISM. We use a sample of pulsars with independent distance measurements to evaluate a model of the local ISM in the thick disk of the Galaxy that incorporates turbulent fluctuations, clumps, and voids in the electron density. The latter two components are required because about one-third of the lines of sight are discrepant from a strictly plane-parallel model. A likelihood analysis for smooth components of the model yields a scale height

kpc and a mid-plane density n
0 = 0.015 ± 0.001 cm−3. The scatter in the DM-distance distribution is dominated by clumps and voids but receives significant contributions from a broad spectrum of density fluctuations, such as a Kolmogorov spectrum. The model is used to identify lines of sight with outlier values of DM. Three of these pulsars, J1614−2230, J1623−0908, and J1643−1224, lie behind known H ii regions, and the electron density model is combined with Hα intensity data to constrain the filling factors and other substructure properties of the H ii regions (Sh 2–7 and Sh 2–27). Several pulsars also exhibit enhanced DM fluctuations that are likely caused by an intersection of their lines of sight with the superbubble GSH 238+00+09.
Checklist and distribution of Collembola from Greater Puerto Rico
Authors: Ospina-Sánchez Claudia , Soto-Adames Felipe , González Grizelle 
Published: July 2020

Springtails (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Collembola) are small arthropods commonly found in soil, litter and other habitats all around the Globe. More than 9,000 species have been described worldwide, but knowledge about their diversity and distribution remains far from complete. Reports of springtail diversity in the Antilles are uneven, some islands are relatively well known, whereas others have not been explored at all. The fauna of Puerto Rico is reasonably well known, but many recent reports are scattered in published literature and unpublished theses.Here, we present a summary of all springtail species identified from the Bank of Puerto Rico, including unpublished records. As a result, we list 146 species including 43 unnamed, included in 65 genera and 17 families. Most species, 33, belong to Entomobryidae, but this possibly reflects the taxonomic expertise of specialists working in Puerto Rico rather than a real bias in the distribution of higher taxa in the islands. In addition to the new records, the database provides information on the world and local distribution of species listed. The dataset, presented here, is work in progress and will be updated as ongoing taxonomic inventories are completed.
Vers une allocation unique ?
Authors: Lignon Vincent 
Published: July 2020

Cet article estime l’impact d’une réforme d’allocation unique familialisée visant à fusionner les aides à destination des ménages modestes sur la pauvreté et l’incitation à l’activité. Les résultats montrent qu’il est possible de simplifier ces aides sans surcoût pour les finances publiques tout en diminuant de manière significative la pauvreté et les inégalités. La décomposition de ces indicateurs montre cependant que certaines catégories fragiles de la population sont défavorisées par ce type de dispositif, notamment les familles monoparentales, les bénéficiaires de l’AAH et de l’ASPA. Par ailleurs, en termes d’incitations à l’activité, les scénarios étudiés ne permettent pas de lisser et d’homogénéiser les taux marginaux d’imposition. Classification JEL : D31, H31, I32, C63.
L’adaptation de la politique d’assurance vieillesse au vieillissement (1961-2015)
Authors: Laroque Michel 
Published: July 2020

La politique d’assurance vieillesse s’est profondément adaptée au vieillissement de la population. Construite dans les années 1910, 1930 et 1945, l’assurance vieillesse a été marquée d’abord par le rapport Laroque de 1961, qui renouvelle ses principes. La prise de conscience du vieillissement, issu du baby-boom et de l’augmentation constante de l’espérance de vie qui traduit le « rajeunissement » de personnes âgées en bonne santé, n’intervient qu’à partir des années 1980. Elle génère, pour assurer la pérennité du système de retraite, qui dépend de « prélèvements sur la production de biens ou la création de service des actifs », la réforme de 1993 et les réformes successives du XXI e siècle qui ne sont pas terminées.
Dialectique ramiste et conscience puritaine : le cas de William Ames (1576-1633)
Authors: Adrián Lara Laura 
Published: July 2020

William Ames (1576-1633) a incarné une autorité fondamentale pour les puritains qui ont émigré en Nouvelle-Angleterre. Dans son œuvre, il a la singularité d’allier ses convictions religieuses à une mentalité ramiste. Ames considère la méthode de Ramus comme une manière adéquate de comprendre l’acquisition et la transmission des savoirs. Le système ramiste s’applique aussi au domaine de la théologie et à certaines questions liées au gouvernement de l’individu. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière cette combinaison entre le puritanisme et le ramisme qui caractériserait une façon bien particulière de concevoir le gouvernement de l’individu : un modèle qui renforce la volonté de l’individu et sa capacité de contrôle, en tant qu’instruments essentiels de gouvernement, et qui renferme un objectif émancipateur et égalitaire.
La réception de Petrus Ramus dans la pensée catholique
Authors: Ramis-Barceló Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Un itinéraire est proposé pour comprendre la réception de Petrus Ramus dans la pensée catholique, puisqu’il s’agit d’un sujet totalement inexploré : 1) 1545-1585 (stade de compréhension et d’absorption des idées de Ramus), 2) 1585-1640 (époque du combat apologétique, confrontation et éclectisme), 3) 1640-1670 (période d’étude et de discussion détaillée des auteurs scolastiques et des rationalistes), et 4) après 1670 (époque de suspension et de dissolution progressive de l’intérêt pour les œuvres de Ramus). La réception de Ramus dans les œuvres de Lalemandet, Mersenne, Sorel, Gassendi et Caramuel est particulièrement étudiée, ainsi que l’influence de Ramus sur les jésuites. On conclut à une réception très différente. Les auteurs les plus aristotéliciens (Mas, Raynaud...) étaient absolument contre La Ramée, alors que d’autres avaient une position plus éclectique (Lalemandet, Caramuel), d’autres estimaient son travail (Mersenne, Gassendi) et certains ont formulé un jugement très élogieux (Sorel).
Optical Performance of a Trifocal IOL and a Novel Extended Depth of Focus IOL Combined With Different Corneal Profiles
Authors: Ruiz-Alcocer Javier , Lorente-Velázquez Amalia , Hernández-Verdejo José Luis , De Gracia Pablo , Madrid-Costa David 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:
To assess the effect of prior myopic ablations on the optical performance of a trifocal diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) and a novel extended depth of focus (EDOF) diffractive design.

METHODS:
The novel XACT Mono-EDOF ME4 diffractive IOL (Santen Pharmaceutical) and the trifocal diffractive FineVision IOL (PhysIOL) were analyzed standing alone and combined with a simulated myopic corneal ablation. The optical quality of the IOLs in both situations was evaluated with the PMTF optical bench (LAMBDA-X). The through-focus modulation transfer function (MTF) curves and the MTF at three different focal points (+0.50, 0.00, and −0.50 diopters [D]) were recorded.

RESULTS:
The through-focus MTF curves showed three differentiated peaks for the trifocal IOL and two overlapped peaks for the EDOF IOL. The presence of simulated myopic corneal ablations induces a −0.50 D shift on the overall through-focus curves and softens the multifocal properties of both lenses by decreasing the variations through focus of the MTF. For the analysis of the lenses standing alone, the highest MTF values were obtained for an object vergence of 0.00 D. For a simulated myopic corneal ablation, both IOLs showed better optical quality results at −0.50 D.

CONCLUSIONS:
The trifocal IOL provides better optical quality at far and near distances when analyzed alone. The EDOF IOL optical properties are more stable when a myopic ablation is introduced. Preoperative calculations of both lenses should consider that prior myopic corneal ablations induce a −0.50 D shift on their far peak quality.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(7):435–441.]
« Alter remus aquas, alter mihi radat arenas » : composition des liens et « souci de soi » chez Montaigne
Authors: Guerrier Olivier 
Published: July 2020

En s’appuyant sur un passage essentiel du chapitre « De la vanité » (III, 9) des Essais de Montaigne et sur une citation de Properce, on tentera dans cet article de reprendre à nouveaux frais la question de la gestion des liens, publics et privés, chez Montaigne, en la rapportant à l’éthique de la modération, à l’équilibre pyrrhonien, au « rolle » et à sa logique, et surtout, en dernière instance, à certains aspects de la tradition du « souci de soi » telle que Michel Foucault l’avait envisagée dans certains de ses cours du Collège de France.
Élites tarapaqueñas y migrantes chilenos: criminalización, delitos y rebeldías en el Iquique peruano: 1870-1879
Authors: Lo Chávez Damián 
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo explora una etapa temprana de la historia social de Iquique: los años previos a la Guerra del Pacífico y la última etapa de la soberanía peruana, período caracterizado por el crecimiento acelerado de la industria salitrera y del puerto de Iquique. En los años estudiados, la provincia recibió una gran cantidad de inmigrantes chilenos, principalmente peones de la zona central del país, quienes experimentaban una temprana fase de transición al trabajo asalariado. En la ciudad desplegaron múltiples formas de rebeldías contra el orden urbano de las élites tarapaqueñas. Estas últimas pretendían convertir a Iquique en una ciudad moderna, funcional a la acumulación de capital, para lo cual intentaron incrementar el control social sobre el espacio urbano y sus habitantes. Este artículo reivindica el conflicto social entre los sectores populares urbanos y las élites citadinas como un importante factor de desarrollo urbano. A través del estudio de fuentes primarias se hace una aproximación a la sociedad del período en cuestión, analizando las diversas variables que se articulan en torno al conflicto social y evaluando su impacto en la configuración de la ciudad.
¿Una peregrinación extranjera? Espacialidad y estrategias identitarias del colectivo boliviano en Argentina
Authors: Dawidiuk Carlos Luciano , Vogel Carolina 
Published: July 2020

La colectividad boliviana en Argentina celebra a la Virgen de Copacabana movilizándose hacia la ciudad de Luján, el centro de peregrinación más grande del país, cada primer fin de semana del mes de agosto desde hace más de sesenta años. La circulación de múltiples símbolos de reivindicación y reafirmación identitarias de este colectivo, como así también sus músicas y danzas, que manifiestan mediante diversas prácticas corporales esta pertenencia, imprimen a esta celebración un carácter distintivo respecto a otras manifestaciones que históricamente han tenido como epicentro a esta ciudad. Pero su denominación como “peregrinación boliviana” entraña una representación identitaria y del ritual religioso que no da cuenta de la hibridez de este fenómeno, en el que tanto los símbolos, las prácticas y los participantes exceden la caracterización de esta manifestación como extranjera. Así, nos proponemos indagar y analizar las estrategias identitarias transculturales y transmediales en el escenario móvil de la peregrinación, los modos en que se articulan y despliegan esos discursos –símbolos y prácticas desterritorializados y reterritorializados en un espacio-movimiento heterotópico– que interpelan los límites entre los espacios sagrados y profanos reactualizando en el ritual aspectos de la memoria histórica que permiten resignificar los vínculos entre la identidad y el territorio.
El rol de los gobiernos locales en las investigaciones migratorias en Argentina
Authors: Nicolao Julieta 
Published: July 2020

Este artículo se propone realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la evolución del campo de los estudios migratorios en Argentina, reconociendo la necesidad de avanzar en investigaciones sobre el papel que desempeñan los gobiernos locales en materia de formulación e implementación de políticas migratorias. Se argumenta que, si bien los municipios no siempre cuentan con los soportes normativos, las competencias suficientes o los recursos necesarios, en la práctica deben dar respuesta a distintos temas asociados a la inserción social de los migrantes y al reconocimiento efectivo de derechos. Esta situación, que los convierte en actores cada vez más importantes en la gestión migratoria contemporánea, reclama una comprensión más acabada del sector académico especializado. Además de identificar este vacío de conocimiento, el trabajo propone algunas directrices para abordar la temática en futuras publicaciones, y destaca la necesaria incorporación de disciplinas sociales como la ciencia política y otras afines al estudio del Estado y las políticas públicas, entendiendo que están llamadas a realizar importantes contribuciones en este campo de estudios.
Formación interdisciplinaria, colaboración y mirada comparada en el estudio de la convivencia y el multiculturalismo cotidiano: una entrevista a Amanda Wise y Selvaraj Velayutham
Authors: Chan Carol , Ramírez Carolina 
Published: July 2020

En la última década los estudios acerca de la convivencia y la multiculturalidad cotidiana han cobrado renovada importancia en los estudios étnicos, migratorios y urbanos. Esta entrevista recoge las voces de la investigadora australiana Amanda Wise, y su par singapurense Selvaraj Velayutham, quienes en solitario y en colaboración han generado notables aportes para el estudio de la experiencia de vivir juntos a través de la diferencia cultural en contextos urbanos diversos. En esta conversación, junto con discutir su marco conceptual, se recogen aspectos relativos a su formación, aproximación interdisciplinaria, y su trabajo colaborativo y comparado. Además, ambos esbozan reflexiones iniciales en torno a las particularidades de los procesos de diversidad y convivencia en la ciudad de Santiago; reflexiones basadas en observaciones y discusiones llevadas a cabo durante una estadía académica en Chile.