bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of hub genes and its correlation with the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia based on high‐throughput data analysis
Authors: Fu Wei , Cheng Guo‐bin , Ding Yao , Deng Ya‐jie , Guo Peng‐xiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common forms of leukemia in the world, but its molecular mechanism is still not well understood. The aim of this study was, by using multiple AML datasets, to obtain genes with differential expression, and to identify key genes in the development and progression of AML.MethodsThe AML microarray dataset (GSE24395, GSE30029, GSE38865, GSE90062) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functionally enriched, and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Cytoscape was used for module analysis to obtain fundamental genes (hub genes), and combined with The Cancer Genome Atlas clinical data for survival and expression analysis.ResultsA total of 134 DEGs were identified (fold change >1, P < 0.01). Gene enrichment analysis included positive regulation of RNA polymerase II promoter transcriptions (c = 17.967, P = 0.011), neutrophil degranulation (c = 18.625, P = 0.017), integrin‐mediated cells (c = 17.862, P = 0.017), adhesion regulation, neutrophil‐mediated immunity (c = 17.624, P = 0.017), transcriptional disorders in cancer, (c = 14.786, P = 00.031). A total of 16 hub genes were identified. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas clinical data expression analysis, CYBB (t = 0.368, P = 0.012) and CYFIP2 (t = 2.097, P = 0.038) were abnormally expressed in different living conditions of AML. Survival analysis showed that SERPINE1 (P = 0.031) and ITGAM (P = 0.049) might be involved in invasion or recurrence of AML.ConclusionThe analysis of DEGs and hub analysis of genes can contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of AML occurrence and progression, and provides a candidate for the treatment and prognosis of AML.
Application of titanium clip marking in localization of 37 cases of rectal cancer before radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Jin‐qi , Chen Ming , Li Zeng‐jun , Sun Yong‐min , Wang Hai‐peng , Wang Ya‐wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesAt present, locating radiotherapy targets for rectal cancer is mostly assisted by computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This article discusses the role of the upper and lower margins of rectal cancer lesions under colonoscopy in accurately delineating target areas of radiotherapy.MethodsA total of 37 patients with rectal cancer diagnosed by histopathology at the Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital, affiliated with Shandong University, from 1 July 2017 to 1 August 2018 were selected before treatment. The upper and lower margins of the lesion were marked by titanium clips under the assistance of ultrasound and a magnifying endoscope in each patient, as well as the lower edge of the titanium clip from the anal margin. In the same position and in a thermal plastic membrane body fixation device, patients underwent CT and MR examinations to outline the gross tumor target area (GTV). The radiation therapy planning system calculated the length of the GTV under CT and MR (GTVCT, GTVMR), and the distance from the lower edge of the GTV to the anal margin. The application value of titanium clip labeling by colonoscopy in radiotherapy localization for rectal cancer was evaluated according to differences of GTV lengths by three methods.ResultsGTVs measured by endoscopic titanium clip labeling, CT localization, and MR localization were 5.84 ± 2.035 cm,6.97 ± 1.658 cm, and 5.45 ± 2.088 cm, respectively. The length of GTVtitanium clip was not significantly different from the length of GTVMR (P = 0.162). The marked lesion lengths by the endoscopic titanium clips and MR localization were significantly smaller than that measured by CT (GTV titanium clip < GTVCT, GTVMR < GTVCT, P < 0.001). The distance between the lower margin of the titanium clip and the anal margin (4.19 ± 1.647 cm) was not significantly different from MR (4.41 ± 1.624 cm; P = 0.231). The distance from the inferior margin of the lesion to the anal margin was significantly greater in measurements from the endoscopic titanium clip and MR localization than CT localization (3.53 ± 1.394 cm; P < 0.001). None of the patients had adverse reactions, such as bleeding or perforation.ConclusionsTumors labeled with titanium clips through colonoscopy contribute to the precise delineation of the target area before radiotherapy for rectal cancer. This technique is shown to have value in clinical application.
Observer‐based decentralized adaptive neural control for uncertain interconnected systems with input quantization and time‐varying output constraints
Authors: Zhang Tianping , Wang Min , Xia Meizhen , Yang Yuequan 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this article, observer‐based decentralized adaptive neural control is proposed for uncertain interconnected nonlinear systems with input quantization and time‐varying output restrictions. Decentralized hysteresis quantizer is employed to handle input signal. The unmeasured states are estimated by designing K‐filters. A Lyapunov description is used to dispose of state unmodeled dynamics. The constrained interconnected nonlinear systems are transformed into novel interconnected nonlinear systems without output constraints by constructing invertible nonlinear mappings. Dynamic surface control technique and a hyperbolic tangent function are adopted to design decentralized controller, which has a simpler structure. Stability analysis indicates that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded and system outputs satisfy the constraints. Two numerical examples are used to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical findings.
Deep Koopman model predictive control for enhancing transient stability in power grids
Authors: Ping Zuowei , Yin Zhun , Li Xiuting , Liu Yefeng , Yang Tao 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this article, we propose a deep Koopman model predictive control (MPC) strategy to improve the transient stability of power grids in a fully data‐driven manner. Due to the high‐dimensionality and the nonlinearity of the transient process, we use the Koopman operator to map the original nonlinear dynamics into an infinite dimensional linear system. To facilitate the control design, we first utilize the deep neural network method to efficiently train observable functions to approximate the Koopman operator so that the obtained dynamics in the high dimensional space is a linear system. We then propose an MPC strategy for the obtained high dimensional linear system. The proposed control strategy utilizes energy storage units, which inject or absorb real power at the synchronous generator buses to enhance the transient stability. Simulation studies implemented on the IEEE 9‐bus 3‐machine test system and the IEEE 39‐bus 10‐machine test system illustrate the performance of the proposed deep Koopman MPC strategy. The results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy effectively enhances the transient stability of the system even in the presence of severe faults.
A system thinking approach for harmonizing smart and sustainable city initiatives with United Nations sustainable development goals
Authors: Kutty Adeeb A. , Abdella Galal M. , Kucukvar Murat , Onat Nuri C. , Bulu Melih 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTechnology has indispensably been a part of the city evolution throughout history. In recent years, there has been a shift in the pattern of development in smart cities, where smart cities attempt to embrace practices of sustainability using Information and Communication Technologies and other smart solutions. Past studies reveal that these smart cities have failed in successfully incorporating sustainable development goals into their smart strategies, where they tend to focus more on achieving smartness goals rather than sustainability goals and targets. This paper presents a multi‐faceted interrogative study on several ongoing smart city initiatives around the globe that supports United Nations Urban Sustainability Agenda. This paper aims to focus on harmonizing smart and sustainable city initiatives with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals using a systems thinking approach. The study develops conceptual models that support the city transition into being a sustainable smart city. These conceptual models were designed based on the fundamentals of system thinking for a system of several elements under the key catalyzers “Policy and Governance,” “Research & Development,” and “Partnership.” The causalities and interrelationships among elements in developed conceptual models justify the dynamicity and the impact of these elements within a system. The outcome of this research paper would support industry experts, policymakers, and city planners to adopt robust policy interventions and best practices for developing strategies that support the transition of smart cities to the futuristic label of sustainable cities.
Challenges for sustainable smart city development: A conceptual framework
Authors: Khan Huma H. , Malik Muhammad N. , Zafar Raheel , Goni Feybi A. , Chofreh Abdoulmohammad G. , Klemeš Jiří J. , Alotaibi Youseef 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSustainable smart city development experience various challenges, such as legislation and policies, funding, infrastructure, and technological aspects. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of sustainability concepts in smart cities' development. However, there is scarce research focusing on the challenges faced for the development of sustainable smart cities. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework that provides critical challenges faced by private and government organisations, and the respective solutions of the challenges for the development of sustainable smart cities. Pakistan has been chosen as a case study that yields a total of 17 respondents from the executive, managerial, and operational levels of private enterprises and government organisations involved in smart city development. This research is a preliminary step towards providing insights and significance of infusing sustainability in the development of smart cities. The proposed conceptual framework can act as a practise guideline for practitioners to prepare themselves for sustainable smart city development.
Tunable Photonic Microspheres of Comb‐Like Supramolecules
Authors: Yang Yi , Kang Tae‐Hui , Wang Ke , Ren Min , Chen Senbin , Xiong Bijin , Xu Jiangping , Zhang Lianbin , Yi Gi‐Ra , Zhu Jintao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhotonic crystals (PCs) are ideal candidates for reflective color pigments with high color purity and brightness due to tunable optical stop band. Herein, the generation of PC microspheres through 3D confined supramolecular assembly of block copolymers (polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine), PS‐b‐P2VP) and small molecules (3‐n‐pentadecylphenol, PDP) in emulsion droplets is demonstrated. The intrinsic structural colors of the PC microspheres are effectively regulated by tuning hydrogen‐bonding interaction between P2VP blocks and PDP, where reflected color can be readily tuned across the whole visible spectrum range. Also, the effects of both PDP and homopolymer (hPS) on periodic structure and optical properties of the microspheres are investigated. Moreover, the spectral results of finite element method (FEM) simulation agree well with the variation of structural colors by tuning the periodicity in PC microspheres. The supramolecular microspheres with tunable intrinsic structural color can be potentially useful in the various practical applications including display, anti‐counterfeit printing and painting.
Ultrasmall Particle Sizes of Walnut‐Like Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres with Unique Large Pores and Tunable Acidity for Hydrogenating Reaction
Authors: Hu Di , Li Huiping , Mei Jinlin , Liu Cong , Meng Qian , Xiao Chengkun , Wang Gang , Shi Yu , Duan Aijun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe large particle sizes, inert frameworks, and small pore sizes of mesoporous silica nanoparticles greatly restrict their application in the acidic catalysis. The research reports a simple and versatile approach to synthesize walnut‐like mesoporous silica nanospheres (WMSNs) with large tunable pores and small particle sizes by assembling with Beta seeds. The as‐synthesized Beta‐WMSNs composite materials possess ultrasmall particulate sizes (70 nm), large radial mesopores (≈30 nm), and excellent acidities (221.6 mmol g−1). Ni2P active phase is supported on the surface of Beta‐WMSNs composite materials, and it is found that the obtained composite spherical materials can reduce the Ni2P particle sizes from 8.4 to 4.8 nm with the increasing amount of Beta seeds, which can provide high accessibilities of reactants to the active sites. Furthermore, the unique large pores and ultrasmall particle sizes of Beta‐WMSNs samples facilitate the reduction of the diffusion resistance of reactants due to the short transporting length, thus the corresponding Ni2P/Beta‐WMSNs composite catalysts show the excellent hydrogenating activity compared to the pure Ni2P/WMSNs catalyst.
Vertical Flow Assay for Inflammatory Biomarkers Based on Nanofluidic Channel Array and SERS Nanotags
Authors: Chen Ruipeng , Du Xin , Cui Yujun , Zhang Xieyuan , Ge Qinyu , Dong Jian , Zhao Xiangwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a great demand for the development of detection assays for inflammation infection diagnosis with high throughput and ultrasensitivity. Herein, a vertical flow assay system with functionalized nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as sensing membrane, and encoded core–shell surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags as labels for multiple inflammatory biomarkers detection is presented. A 2 × 2 test array on the porous AAO is developed and modified with multiple capture antibodies to capture inflammatory biomarkers from samples. Due to the high surface area to volume ratio of the AAO membrane, and its influence on plasmonic coupling, the electromagnetic field of the encoded core–shell SERS nanotags is enhanced. Detection limits of 53.4, 4.72, 48.3, and 7.53 fg mL−1 are realized for C reactive protein, interleukin‐6, serum amyloid A, and procalcitonin, respectively, with a linear dynamic range spanning at least five orders of magnitude. In addition, the proposed method also shows acceptable accuracy and repeatability for the detection of clinical samples. Therefore, this approach is expected to be a powerful point of care testing tool for disease diagnosis in facility limited areas.
Vulnerability assessment of a high‐rise building subjected to mainshock–aftershock sequences
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Wen Weiping , Zhai Changhai 
Published: June 2020

SummaryStrong aftershocks have the potential to further aggravate the damage state of structures, and much less attention has been given to the seismic vulnerability of high‐rise buildings than that of low‐ to medium‐rise buildings. This study assesses the seismic vulnerability of a 32‐storey frame–core tube building by performing the incremental dynamic analysis on the material‐based three‐dimensional numerical model. A storey damage model based on the material damage is developed using the weighted average method. Eighteen recorded mainshock–aftershock sequences, whose mainshock records match the target spectrum, are selected. The results indicate that the developed stroey damage model can effectively reflect the additional damage induced by aftershocks. Strong aftershocks have high potential to change the location of weak storeys. Notably, shifts of weak storeys are observed in more than 30% of aftershocks with relative spectral acceleration of 0.8. As the mainshock‐induced damage state becomes more severe, the mainshock‐damaged building becomes increasingly fragile to the aftershock excitation and more sensitive to aftershock intensities. The probability of exceeding severe damage state increases from 35.3% to 62.1% due to the effects of strong aftershocks. The results in this study can provide supports to the seismic resilience assessment of this high‐rise building.
Effects of water pollution on some physiological parameters and phytoremediation performance of watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Authors: Amiri Sharareh , Nafez Amir Hossein , Amiri Nasim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhytoremediation is a sustainable, natural, and eco‐friendly approach, which is generally applied in environmental decontamination. The aim of this study was the assessment of phytoremediation performance of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) under different levels of water pollution. The shrubs of watercress were collected from the local springs adjacent to the Qarah‐Sou river in Iran. In order to build an artificial culture similar to natural conditions, the water samples collected from different river sections and the harvested plants were added to the hydroponic culture. The variables of interest were organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in river water. The physiological parameters of plant were chlorophylls a and b, proline, and carbohydrates. The results of experiments at the end of plant growth showed that there was a significant difference between initial and final water samples, and consequently watercress has high potential to remove nutrients from the polluted water. As a result of the growth of watercress in the most polluted section of river, organic matter and nutrients decreased and the nitrate concentration increased by 16.6% (due to the nitrification process). Moreover, the statistical analysis indicated that all physiological parameters are influenced by water pollution during the plant growth. The results revealed the watercress's ability to grow in different environmental conditions and approved its potential for natural wastewater purification. Therefore, we hope that this plant can be used as a new option for municipal and industrial wastewater phytoremediation.
Threats to aquatic taxa in an arid landscape: Knowledge gaps and areas of understanding for amphibians of the American Southwest
Authors: Mims Meryl C. , Moore Chloe E. , Shadle Elizabeth J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe American Southwest is a dryland region with variable, seasonal precipitation, and a wide range of freshwater habitats. Amphibians are among the diverse freshwater taxa that rely on aquatic habitats of the southwest, yet the state‐of‐the‐science regarding vulnerability of the region’s amphibians to threats recognized globally is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we reviewed 81 publications and 341 species:threat relationships to assess coverage in the peer‐reviewed literature of potential threats to 35 amphibians native to the region. We classified threats into three major categories: climate change, biological, and land use. Using a new trait database for anurans (frogs and toads) of the United States, we evaluated these threats in the context of life history diversity of the region's anurans. We found high coverage for hydrological alteration and introduced species as well as changes to community dynamics, land use, and precipitation. Other potential threats—particularly those linked to climate change such as changes in seasonality and fire—had comparatively low coverage. Coverage varied widely among species, with the number of reported species:threat relationships ranging from 37 (the lowland leopard frog, Lithobates yavapaiensis) to no coverage for some species—including some of conservation concern (e.g., Sacramento Mountains salamander, Aneides hardii). Our findings support leveraging available information to test hypothesized linkages between amphibian life histories and risk and response to threats; using high coverage species and threats to inform simulations and experiments exploring species:threat relationships and efficacy of management strategies; and addressing knowledge gaps for species and threats with no proxies through on‐the‐ground natural history efforts.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Sediment dynamics and implications for management: State of the science from long‐term research in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA
Authors: Noe Gregory B. , Cashman Matthew J. , Skalak Katie , Gellis Allen , Hopkins Kristina G. , Moyer Doug , Webber James , Benthem Adam , Maloney Kelly , Brakebill John , Sekellick Andrew , Langland Mike , Zhang Qian , Shenk Gary , Keisman Jeni , Hupp Cliff 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis review aims to synthesize the current knowledge of sediment dynamics using insights from long‐term research conducted in the watershed draining to the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the U.S., to inform management actions to restore the estuary and its watershed. The sediment dynamics of the Chesapeake are typical of many impaired watersheds and estuaries around the world, and this synthesis is intended to be relevant and transferable to other sediment‐impaired systems. The watershed's sediment sources, transport, delivery, and impacts are discussed with implications for effectively implementing best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate sediment issues. This synthesis revealed three key issues to consider when planning actions to reduce sediment loading: Scale, time, and land use. Geology and historical land use generated a template that current land use and climate, in addition to management, are acting upon to control sediment delivery. Important sediment sources in the Chesapeake include the Piedmont physiographic region, urban, and agricultural land use, and streambank erosion of headwater streams, whereas floodplain trapping is important along larger streams and rivers. Implementation of BMPs is widespread and is predicted to lead to decreased sediment loading; however, reworking of legacy sediment stored in stream valleys, with potentially long residence times in storage, can delay and complicate detection of the effects of BMPs on sediment loads. In conclusion, the improved understanding of sediment sources, storage areas, and transport lag times reviewed here can help target choices of BMP types and locations to better manage sediment problems—for both local streams and receiving waters.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water Quality
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness