bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical response to 2 protocols of aerosolized gentamicin in 46 dogs withBordetella bronchisepticainfection (2012‐2018)
Authors: Morgane Canonne Aude , Roels Elodie , Menard Maud , Desquilbet Loïc , Billen Frédéric , Clercx Cécile 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBordetella bronchiseptica(Bb) infection commonly causes respiratory disease in dogs. Gentamicin delivered by aerosol maximizes local drug delivery without systemic absorption but clinical response to protocols remains undetermined.ObjectivesTo compare the clinical response to 2 protocols of aerosolized delivery of gentamicin in bordetellosis.AnimalsForty‐six dogs withBbinfection confirmed by culture or quantitative polymerase chain reaction on bronchoalveolar lavage.MethodsRetrospective study. Administration of aerosolized gentamicin for ≥10 minutes q12h for ≥3 weeks using 4 mg/kg diluted with saline (group 1) or undiluted 5% solution (group 2). Clinical response firstly assessed after 3‐4 weeks and treatment pursued by 3‐weeks increments if cure not reached. Cure defined as absence of cough persisting at least a week after treatment interruption.ResultsDemographic data were similar between both groups. Clinical cure at 3‐4 weeks was more frequently observed with the use of undiluted solution (19/33 vs 3/13 dogs,P= .03) in association with a shorter median duration of treatment (4 vs 6 weeks,P= .01). Dogs from group 2 having less than 1000 cells/μL in lavage were also more likely to be cured at 3‐4 weeks than dogs with more than 1000 cells/μL [9/9 vs 10/19,P= .006] and median duration of treatment in that subgroup of animals was reduced (3 vs 5 weeks,P= .02).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceAerosolized delivery of gentamicin seems effective for inducing clinical cure inBbinfection. Clinical response appears better using undiluted 5% solution, particularly in the subgroup of dogs having less than 1000 cells/μL in lavage.
Contact and Commitment to Development: Evidence from quasi‐random missionary assignments
Authors: Crawfurd Lee 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYPublic support for global development in rich countries is critical for sustaining effective government and individual action. But the causes of public support are not well understood. Does spending time living in a developing country play a role in generating individual commitment to development? Addressing this question is fraught with selection bias, as individuals are rarely exogenously assigned to spend time in different countries. In this paper I address this question using a natural experiment – the quasi‐random assignment of missionaries from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints to two‐year missions in different world regions. I provide the first causal estimates of the effect of travel to a developing country on attitudes to global development. Data comes from a new survey gathered through mission alumni Facebook groups. Missionaries assigned to low‐income and middle‐income world regions (Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Caribbean) have similar prior characteristics to those assigned to high‐income Europe. Those assigned to Africa self‐report greater interest in global development and greater charitable attitudes and behaviours. However, they also express stronger opposition to immigration from poor countries, and are less likely to be involved in political campaigns to address global development. Spending time in lower income countries may lead to greater support for charity but less support for political change.
A competing risk nomogram for predicting cancer‐specific death of patients with buccal mucosa cancer
Authors: Jiang Qingkun , Xue Danfeng , Xin Yuqi , Qiu Jiaxuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to develop and validate a competing risk nomogram to determine the probability of cancer‐specific death in buccal mucosa cancer (BMC) patients.Materials and MethodsWe examined the records of BMC patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (China). We adopted the cumulative incidence function and Fine–Gray proportional hazards model based on univariate and multivariate analyses by R‐software to identify the risk factors associated with cancer‐specific death. Subsequently, a nomogram was developed and validated to predict the 3‐ and 5‐year probability of cancer‐specific death.ResultsIn 1,286 BMC patients identified from SEER database, cumulative incidences of cancer‐specific death after diagnosis were 33.4% and 35.5% for 3 and 5 years, respectively. In the training cohort (n = 902) from SEER database, the Fine–Gray model indicated that age, Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stages, grade, surgery, and histological type were independent risk factors associated with cancer‐specific death, based on which a prognostic nomogram was developed. In the internal validation cohort from SEER database (n = 384) and the external validation cohort from our medical center (n = 174), the nomogram was well calibrated and showed remarkable prediction performance.ConclusionThe nomogram created herein may prove to be a good assistant tool for assessing the prognosis of BMC patients.
The implementation of low‐flow anesthesia at a tertiary pediatric center: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Glenski Todd A. , Levine Laura 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionAnesthesia machines have evolved over the years to excel in delivering low‐flow anesthesia (<1 L fresh gas flow) in a closed‐circuit system, with the obvious benefits being decreased costs and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases. At a pediatric hospital that provides over 25 000 anesthetics a year, a quality improvement project was initiated with the aim of decreasing the amount of sevoflurane used per anesthetic by 20% over the course of a year.MethodsThree Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles involving gathering comparative data, departmental education, improvement updates on our huddle board, and intraoperative confirmation rounds were completed. The bottles of sevoflurane used and the total number of anesthetics performed were collected each month. To account for the fluctuation of anesthetic cases per month, a metric of “Anesthetics Performed per Bottle of Sevoflurane Used” was created.ResultsCompared to a prior twelve‐month period, the Anesthetics Performed per Bottle of Sevoflurane Used were higher with a mean increase of 25%. The bottles of sevoflurane used per month was lower with a mean decrease of 20%. The carbon footprint of our sevoflurane use was also decreased and extrapolated over a year, and the decrease was equivalent to 70 000 miles driven, over 3,200 gallons of gasoline consumed, or over 31000 pounds of coal burned.ConclusionA QI initiative aimed at changing the practice of delivering at least 2L fresh gas flow to delivering a low‐flow anesthetic has been a successful value‐added enhancement to our pediatric anesthesia practice.
Bipolar Pulsed Radiofrequency for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Silva Victor , Day Miles , Santiago Margarita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the most common cause of facial pain, leading to significant disability and impacting a patient's quality of life. Percutaneous procedures like continuous radiofrequency, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), and combined continuous and pulsed radiofrequency have been studied in past years comparing different voltages in order to find more effective therapies with fewer complications (eg, numbness and masseter muscle weakness). With regard to young patients, there is still insufficient evidence on the most appropriate procedure in this patient population. PRF does not cause thermal damage. The mechanism of action involves delivering an electrical field to targeted nerves or tissues, modulating pain. We propose that bipolar pulsed radiofrequency (2 parallel cannulas) in the trigeminal ganglion produce a denser and larger field resulting in more effective controlled pain.Case PresentationWe present 2 cases of 40‐ and 48‐year‐old men with severe V2 to V3 TN who underwent bipolar PRF. We performed bipolar PRF on the trigeminal ganglion through the foramen ovale using two 22‐gauge 100‐mm cannulas with 10‐mm active tips. Parameters used were voltage of 85 V, pulse width of 20 milliseconds, and total duration time of 6 minutes. Both patients reported complete relief of pain after the procedure, and at 2‐year follow‐up they were pain free and experienced a better quality of life. No complications were reported.ConclusionBipolar PRF could be a non‐neurodestructive option for young people with TN and deserves further investigation as a treatment option.
Intravesical monitoring of intra‐abdominal pressure after renal transplantation in children: A safety and feasibility study
Authors: Wagner Jula , Herden Uta , Fischer Lutz , Schild Raphael , Vettorazzi Eik , Herrmann Jochen , Ebenebe Chinedu Ulrich , Singer Dominique , Deindl Philipp 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIAH after RTX can threaten graft viability. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of longitudinal IAP measurements as an IAH screening method in children after RTX. A cohort of eight children with a mean ± SD [range] age 9.6 ± 6.2 [2‐17] years who underwent RTX and 18 control patients were evaluated between May 2017 and February 2018. We compared longitudinal IAP measurements using a Foley manometer to other clinical monitoring data. In total, 29 IAP measurements were performed in RTX patients and 121 in controls. The mean post‐operative IAP was 7.4 ± 4.3 [1‐16] mm Hg following RTX and 8.1 ± 3.7 [1‐19] mm Hg in controls. We noted IAH in 9 (31%) of 29 IAP measurements after RTX and in 41 (34%) of 121 IAP measurements in controls. No graft dysfunction occurred in RTX patients despite elevated IAP values. The mean ± SD [range] time expenditure for IAP measurement was 2.1 ± 0.4 [0.6‐3.2] minutes. No severe complications occurred during the IAP measurements. Analysis of longitudinal IAP measurements demonstrated that IAP measurement is safe and feasible in children recovering from renal transplantation in the PICU.
Introducing Change in Public Service Organizations under Austerity: The Complex Case of the Governance of the Defence in the United Kingdom
Authors: Solar Carlos 
Published: August 2020

Introducing, managing, and sustaining change in public service organizations is challenging for policy makers to implement and for scholars to theorize. In 2010, the U.K. Government introduced policy changes to help bring down the national deficit. The executive's planned reforms aimed to deliver a so‐called battle‐winning military force, a smaller and more professional Ministry of Defence, and an affordable overall defence organization. The article borrows from theories of management and public policy to help enlighten our understanding of change under New Public Management and governance approaches. The article's central claim is that the U.K. Government sought to correct cost‐efficiency processes in public service organizations trying to reshape organizational and managerial structures dependent on many internal and external pressures. The article examines the executive's purpose in developing a need for change and the ways to implement it. I question whether the U.K. Government's prescriptive and hierarchical approach to organizational change in public administration is sustainable in the long term.Related ArticlesAriely, Gal. 2011. “Why People (Dis)Like the Public Service: Citizen Perception of the Public Service and the NPM Doctrine.” Politics & Policy 39 (6): 997‐1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00329.xBurau, Viola, and Carole Clavier. 2018. “Understanding Gaps in the Coexistence between Different Modes of Governance: A Case Study of Public Health in Schools in a Multilevel System.” Politics & Policy 46 (4): 604‐629. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12269Monza, Sabina, and Eva Anduiza. 2016. “The Visibility of the EU in the National Public Spheres in Times of Crisis and Austerity.” Politics & Policy 44 (3): 499‐524. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12163
Role of sex‐biased miRNAs in teleosts – a review
Authors: Bhat Rayees Ahmad , Priyam Manisha , Foysal Md Javed , Gupta Sanjay Kumar , Sundaray Jitendra Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that control the expression of genes by targeting specific mRNAs. Data related to miRNAs are limited for fish species, with only 16 out of the 30 000 fish species enlisted in miRBase. In the present review, we have summarized the recent findings on the implication of miRNAs in the teleost reproduction with an emphasis on commercially important candidates. The information related to various miRNAs and their roles during different developmental stages of gonads in nine important species has been compiled. We have focused on the trend of sexual dimorphism in the gonadal miRNA repertoire of teleost species. Species‐specific variability is observed in the expression pattern of gonadal miRNAs in both male and female fish. It is noteworthy that our summarization of teleost miRNAs in reproduction has highlighted the gaps in functional information on the identified miRNAs (both conserved and novel). It is only after functional validation of the miRNA targets, one can use these findings to enhance reproductive health and production of the commercial teleost species to boost overall aquaculture sector.
Can individuals’ beliefs help us understand nonadherence to malaria test results? Evidence from rural Kenya
Authors: Maffioli Elisa Maria , Prudhomme O’Meara Wendy , Turner Elizabeth L. , Mohanan Manoj 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn malaria‐endemic countries about a quarter of test‐negative individuals take antimalarials (artemisinin‐based combination therapies [ACTs]). ACT overuse depletes scarce resources for subsidies and contributes to parasite resistance. As part of an experiment in Kenya that provided subsidies for rapid diagnostic test and/or for ACTs conditionally on being positive, we studied the association between beliefs on malaria status (prior and posterior the intervention) and decisions to get tested and to purchase ACTs. We find that prior beliefs do not explain the decision of getting tested (conditional on the price) and nonadherence to a negative test. However, test‐negative individuals who purchase ACTs report higher posterior beliefs than those who do not, consistent with a framework in which the formers revise beliefs upward, while the latters do not change or revise downward. We also do not find evidence that prior beliefs on ACT effectiveness and trust in test results play any major role in explaining testing or treatment behavior. Further research is needed to improve adherence to malaria‐negative test results.
Education, gender, and generational change: The transformation of dowry in village Nepal
Authors: Fuller Sascha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn a small Bahun village in Gorkha district, West Nepal, in only one generation, there has been a huge shift to educating young women and including them in modernity. Ideologies of ‘gender equality’ in education that are promoted in development programs and discourse, and in Maoist rhetoric, have been powerful drivers behind this. In this paper I highlight the gender and generational dynamics of the changing relationship of women to education in Nepal. I argue that the move to educating women is not a simple one, nor is it necessarily a development success story. The importance placed on educating the younger generation, including women, is also very much tied to local Bahun culture, marriage values and status. Bahun villagers of Ludigaun place great importance on both education and marriage. When combined, I argue, education has in fact become dowry. While there have been transformations in education and other modernising processes, as well as in dowry practices, in this paper I show that they have come to maintain traditional hierarchies and to support the status making of the educated Bahun man.
Identification of a novel DI*02(2558T) allele associated with weakened expression of DI2 antigen
Authors: Wen Jizhi , van den Akker Emile , Luo Guangping , Jia Shuangshuang , Wei Ling , Wang Zhen , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Ji Yanli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe distribution of DI1/DI2 antigens of the Diego blood group system is polymorphic in Mongoloid populations and the corresponding alloantibodies are clinically significant. Here a novel DI variant was found by donor screening, and the effect of the novel and previously reported mutations on expression of DI1/DI2 antigens and Band 3 protein was explored.Study Design and MethodsDNA samples of 1150 Chinese donors were collected. DI*01/DI*02 genotyping was determined by Sanger sequencing. For the carrier of novel allele, the expression of Band 3 and DI1/DI2 antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) was detected by Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. in vitro expression studies were conducted by transfecting the mutant (including the novel and three reported DI*02(2534T), DI*02(2358_2359insCAC), and DI*02(2572T) alleles) or wild‐type DI*02 constructs into HEK 293T cells, the expression of Band 3 and DI1/DI2 antigens was analyzed.ResultsA novel heterozygous mutation (c.2558C>T, p.Thr853Met), which is located near the DI1/DI2 polymorphism site (c.2561T>C), was identified in a donor with DI:‐1,2 phenotype. Reduced expression of DI2 antigen was observed on the RBCs, while weakened expression of Band 3 and absence of DI2 antigen were detected in cells transfected with the mutant DI*02(2558T) construct. In addition, absent or decreased expression of Band 3 and DI2 antigen was also detected in cells transfected with three reported mutant constructs.ConclusionThe novel DI*02(2558T) allele and three previously described DI mutations can affect the expression of Band 3 protein and/or DI2 antigen and/or interfere with DI*01/DI*02 genotyping result.
Corneoconjunctival transposition with and without ACell®for deep corneal ulcer repair in 18 dogs
Authors: Keenan Alessandra V. , Boveland Shannon D. , Rodriguez Galarza Roxanne , Moore Phillip A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo document a case series using corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT) surgery with and without bioscaffolding matrix (ACell®) to repair deep corneal ulcers and perforations in dogs.Animals studiedEighteen dogs of various breeds that presented with deep or perforating corneal ulcers.ProceduresCorneoconjunctival transposition grafts with or without ACell®were sutured using a simple interrupted 8‐0 or 9‐0 polyglactin 910 pattern.ResultsA total of eighteen dogs (19 eyes) were diagnosed with deep corneal ulcers (n = 7) and perforating corneal ulcers (n = 12). A CCT was performed in all eyes, with ten of them additionally receiving an ACell®graft. The majority of lesions were located axially in 14/19 (81%) eyes. Grafts were harvested from dorsal (n = 8), temporal (n = 5), ventral (n = 4), or nasal (n = 2) quadrants. Brachycephalic breeds (13/18) were over‐represented. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was present in 10/19 eyes (52.6%). Bacterial isolates were cultured from 8/19 eyes. Post‐operative therapy included topical antibiotics, plasma, cycloplegics, oral antibiotics, and oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. CCT integration with and without ACell®occurred at a median of 20 days (range 7‐38 days) post‐operatively with no significant difference between groups. Median follow‐up time was 188 days. Short‐term post‐operative complications included granulation tissue formation (19/19), corneal edema (4/19), graft retraction (4/19), and anterior synechia (1/19). Long‐term complications in 14 eyes with follow‐up >30 days included superficial corneal pigmentation (6/14) and epithelial inclusion cysts (5/14). Two eyes were nonvisual at last follow‐up due to cataract formation.ConclusionsCorneoconjunctival transposition with ACell®can be utilized for corneal ulcer repair in dogs.
College Students’ Development of Badminton Skills and Tactical Competencies Following Play Practice
Authors: Liu Hairui , Wang Wei , Zhang Chunhe , Hastie Peter A. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Play Practice (PP) instruction on badminton performance in college students. Method: A total of 66 students from the United States and China participated in units following either the principles of PP or skill-focused instruction. A nonequivalent control/comparison group experimental design with premeasure and postmeasure was used in this study. Separate analyses of variance with repeated measures (Time × Group) were conducted to examine the effects of PP and skill-focused instruction for each of the four dependent variables: (a) forehand clear, (b) wall volley, (c) game performance, and (d) tactical understanding. Results: Both PP and skill-focused instruction conditions were effective in improving participants’ skills from pretest to posttest. However, PP was also effective in improving participants’ game performance. Conclusion: PP effectively developed both fundamental skills and tactical aspects of badminton without diminishing the transfer effect from practice to games.
Mask versus nasal prong leak and intermittent hypoxia during continuous positive airway pressure in very preterm infants
Authors: Poets Christian F , Lim Kathleen , Marshall Andrew , Jackson Hamish , Gale Timothy J , Dargaville Peter A 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundNasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) can be applied via binasal prongs or nasal masks; both may be associated with air leak and intermittent hypoxia. We investigated whether the latter is more frequent with nasal masks or prongs.MethodsContinuous 24 hours recordings of inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2), pulse rate, respiratory rate, pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) and CPAP level were made in preterm infants with respiratory insufficiency (n=20) managed on CPAP in the NICU at the Royal Hobart Hospital. As part of routine care, nasal interfaces were alternated 4-hourly between mask and prongs. In each recording, the first two segments containing at least 3 hours of artefact-free signal for each interface were selected. Recordings were analysed for episodes with hypoxaemia (SpO2 <80% for ≥10 s) and bradycardia (pulse rate <80/min for ≥4 s) and for episodes of pressure loss at the nasal interface. Data were compared using Wilcoxon-matched pairs test and are reported as median (IQR).ResultsInfants had a gestational age at birth of 26 (25-27) weeks and postnatal age of 17 (14–24) days. There was no difference in %time with interface leak between prong and mask (0.9 (0–8)% vs 1.1 (0–18)%, p=0.82), %time with SpO2 <80% (0.15 (0–1.2)% vs 0.06 (0–0.8)%, p=0.74) or heart rate <80/min (0.03 (0–0.2)% vs 0 (0–0.2)%, p=0.64). Three infants had interface leak for >10% of the time with prongs and 5 with the mask.ConclusionBoth interfaces resulted in a similarly stable provision of positive airway pressure, and there was also no difference in the occurrence of intermittent hypoxia.