bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigen rapid tests, nasopharyngeal PCR and saliva PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2: a prospective comparative clinical trial
Authors: Schwob Jean Marc , Miauton Alix , Petrovic Dusan , Perdrix Jean , Senn Nicolas , Jaton Katia , Onya Opota , Maillard Alain , Minghelli Gianni , Cornuz Jacques , Greub Gilbert , Genton Blaise , D’Acremont Valérie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and saliva RT-PCR have shown variable performance to detect SARS-CoV-2.MethodsIn October 2020, we conducted a prospective trial involving patients presenting at testing centers with symptoms of COVID-19. We compared detection rates and performance of RDT, saliva PCR and nasopharyngeal (NP) PCR.ResultsOut of 949 patients enrolled, 928 patients had all three tests. Detection rates were 35.2% (95%CI 32.2-38.4%) by RDT, 39.8% (36.6-43.0%) by saliva PCR, 40.1% (36.9-43.3%) by NP PCR, and 41.5% (38.3-44.7%) by any test. For those with viral loads (VL) ≥106 copies/ml, detection rates were 30.3% (27.3-33.3), 31.4% (28.4-34.5), 31.5% (28.5-34.6), and 31.6% (28.6-34.7%) respectively.Sensitivity of RDT compared to NP PCR was 87.4% (83.6-90.6%) for all positive patients and 96.5% (93.6-98.3%) for those with VL≥106. Sensitivity of STANDARD-Q®, Panbio™ and COVID-VIRO® Ag tests were 92.9% (86.4-96.9%), 86.1% (78.6-91.7%) and 84.1% (76.9-89.7%), respectively. For those with VL≥106, sensitivities were 96.6% (90.5-99.3%), 97.8% (92.1-99.7%) and 95.3% (89.4-98.5%) respectively. Specificity of RDT was 100% (99.3-100%) compared to any PCR. RDT sensitivity was similar <4 days (87.8%) and ≥4 days (85.7%) after symptoms onset (p=0.6). Sensitivities of saliva and NP PCR were 95.7% (93.1-97.5%) and 96.5% (94.1-98.1%), respectively, compared to the other PCR.ConclusionsThe high performance of RDTs allows rapid identification of COVID cases with immediate isolation of the vast majority of contagious individuals. RDT could be a game changer in primary care practices, and even more so in resource-constrained settings. PCR on saliva can replace NP PCR.ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04613310
Effects of High-dose Intravenous Vitamin C on Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Level in Septic Patients: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Observational Case Series
Authors: He Juan , Zheng Guanhao , Qian Xian , Sheng Huiqiu , Chen Bing , Zhao Bing , Chen Erzhen , Mao Enqiang , Bian Xiaolan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionHigh-dose vitamin C (hdVC) is regarded as one of the essential adjunctive drugs for sepsis treatment. The present study aimed to deduce if hdVC could lead to erroneous testing results from the point-of-care glucose (POCG) measurement.Methods and materialsThis retrospective, single-center, observational case series involved septic patients treated by hdVC and monitored their paired POCG and laboratory glucose (LG) level for statistical analysis. The Parkes Consensus Error Grid Analysis was used as clinical influence assessment for paired blood glucose values. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the affecting extent of POCG readings by different VC dosage and various renal function level respectively.ResultsDuring the 3-year research period, 82 eligible septic patients who accepted at least three-day hdVC treatment were included in the current study. Compliance with ISO15197:2013 criteria was met in 30 (36.59%) paired values, which was far from the minimum criteria for accuracy. Subgroup analysis showed that worse renal function or higher VC dosage could lead to greater bias of POCG reading, but clinical risk would come forth scarcely while dealing with inaccurate POCG value.ConclusionsHigh-dose intravenous ascorbate acid infusion could interfere POCG measurement values and LG method is more recommended, although significant medical risk hardly appears when physicians alter clinical action based on unreliable POCG reading.
Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance ofHaemophiluscolonising the airways of young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Watts Stephen C. , Judd Louise M. , Carzino Rosemary , Ranganathan Sarath , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRespiratory infection during childhood is a key risk factor in early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease progression.Haemophilus influenzae(Hi) andHaemophilus parainfluenzae(Hpi) are routinely isolated from the lungs of children with CF, however little is known about the frequency and characteristics ofHaemophiluscolonisation in this context. Here, we describe detection, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and genome sequencing ofHi/Hpiisolated from sputum, cough swab, and bronchoalveolar lavage samples regularly collected from 147 participants aged ≤12 years enrolled in the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) program. The frequency of colonisation per visit was 4.6% forHiand 32.1% forHpi, 80.3% of participants hadHiand/orHpidetected on at least one visit, and using genomic data we estimate 15.6% of participants had persistent colonisation with the same strain for at least two consecutive visits. Colonising strains were genetically highly diverse and AMR was common, with 52% ofHiand 82% ofHpidisplaying resistance to at least one drug. The genetic basis for AMR could be identified in most cases; novel determinants include a new plasmid encodingblaTEM-1(ampicillin resistance), a new inhibitor-resistantblaTEMallele (augmentin resistance), and previously unreported mutations in chromosomally-encoded genes (pbp3, ampicillin resistance;folAandfolP, co-trimoxazole resistance;rpoB, rifampicin resistance). Acquired AMR genes were significantly more common inHpithanHi(51% vs 21%, p=0.0107) and were mostly associated with the ICEHinmobile element carryingblaTEM-1, resulting in higher rates of ampicillin resistance inHpi(73% vs 30%, p=0.0004). The genome data identified six potential instances ofHaemophilustransmission between participants, three of which involved participant pairs who attended the clinic on the same day. The high prevalence ofHaemophiluscolonisation and high burden of antimicrobial use in children with CF likely provides a reservoir for emergence and spread of AMR as well as a source of infections.
Co-surveillance of ribosomal RNA by the exosome complex and nucleolar RNAi inC. elegans
Authors: Liao Shimiao , Chen Xiangyang , Xu Ting , Jin Qile , Xu Zongxiu , Xu Demin , Zhou Xufei , Zhu Chengming , Guang Shouhong , Feng Xuezhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEukaryotic cells express a wide variety of endogenous small regulatory RNAs that function in the nucleus. We previously found that erroneous rRNAs induce the generation of antisense ribosomal siRNAs (risiRNAs) which silence the expression of rRNAs via the nuclear RNAi defective (Nrde) pathway. To further understand the biological roles and mechanisms of this class of small regulatory RNAs, we conducted forward genetic screening to identify factors involved in risiRNA generation inCaenorhabditis elegans. We found that risiRNAs accumulated in the RNA exosome mutants. risiRNAs directed a NRDE-dependent silencing of pre-rRNAs in the nucleolus. In the presence of risiRNA, NRDE-2 accumulated in the nucleolus and colocalized with RNA polymerase I. risiRNA inhibited the transcription elongation of RNA polymerase I by decreasing RNAP I occupancy downstream of the site of RNAi. Meanwhile, exosome mislocalized from the nucleolus to nucleoplasm in suppressor of siRNA(susi)mutants, in which erroneous rRNAs accumulated. These results establish a novel model of rRNA surveillance by combining ribonuclease-mediated RNA degradation with small RNA-directed nucleolar RNAi system.
The Effect of Radiotherapy on Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines Following Exposure to Heat
Authors: Atkinson Ben , Wilson Jamie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare, recessive, genetic disorder characterised by a predisposition to cancer. Patients with FA are 700 times more likely to develop head and neck squamouscell carcinomas including oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), a potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. This increased likelihood suggests that the molecular mechanism responsible for dysplastic transformation may involve defects in the FA pathway. In this study, the significance of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), which is responsible for homologous recombination repair (HRR), was investigated. ATR protects against mutations in both normal squamous cells and cancer cells by inducing HRR, and thus is associated with radiotherapy resistance. This investigation was designed to study the effects of heat on DNA repair specific to the FA pathway. Western blotting was carried out to determine whether heat affects the ATR pathway, followed by survival assays to determine the viability of cells after heat treatment and then compared to cells treated with a specific ATR inhibitor. This project aims to discover whether heat could be used as a non-invasive treatment to increase the sensitivity of tumour cells towards radiotherapy leading to an improved treatment plan for patients suffering from head and neck cancers.
Transcriptome analysis of an albino mutant inHaworthia cooperivar.pilifera
Authors: Ren Maofei , Zhang Yan , Xu Hanbing , Zhu Qingsong , Wang Zhiyong , Liu Songhu , Li Peiling , Liang Benguo 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPhotosynthetic organisms appear green due to the accumulation of chlorophyll (Chl) pigments in their chloroplasts. Although the genes encoding key enzymes related to Chl biosynthesis have been well characterized in herbaceous plants, such as rice, Arabidopsis and maize, white leaf mutants have not yet been fully studied in succulent plants. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanism of leaf color formation in an albino mutant (HUA) ofHaworthia cooperivar.pilifera. We investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HUA and control plants (wild type, LV) by transcriptome sequencing. Approximately 2,586 genes (1,996 downregulated and 590 upregulated) were found to be differentially expressed in HUA compared with LV using a threshold of ratio change ≥ 2 and false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.05. GO analysis predicted that these DEGs participate in 12 cellular component, 20 biological process and 13 molecular function terms. Among the DEGs were well-recognized genes associated with chloroplast division and the biosynthesis of plant pigments, including chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanin, as well as various transcription factor families. Overall, these results can help confirm the molecular regulatory mechanisms controlling leaf pigmentation and provide a comprehensive resource for breeding colorful leaf phenotypes in succulent plants.
Evidence on going concern reporting before and after ASU 2014–15
Authors: Bakarich Kathleen , Baranek Devon 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2014–15 on auditors’ going concern reporting. ASU 2014–15 provides accounting guidance for managers related to going concern issues, but there is evidence that regulatory changes affect auditor behavior. The authors examine if auditors’ propensity to issue going concern opinions (GCOs) for non-bankrupt, financially distressed firms changes after ASU 2014–15 became effective, and if the proportion of client bankruptcies with prior GCOs changes after ASU 2014–15 became effective.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examine audit reports for non-bankrupt, financially stressed firms three years before and after the effective date of ASU 2014–15 to see if the propensity to issue a GCO differs in the pre- vs post-period. The authors then examine bankrupt, financially stressed firms to determine if the proportion of bankruptcies preceded by a GCO differs in the pre- vs post-period.

Findings
The authors find a significant increase in GCO reporting for non-bankrupt, financially stressed firms in the post-ASU 2014–15 period, suggesting auditor conservatism increased. The propensity for auditors to issue a GCO to bankrupt firms also increased significantly in the post-ASU period, providing evidence that auditors became more accurate, as more bankruptcies were preceded by a GCO than in the pre-ASU period.

Originality/value
This study uses new legislation which creates an exogenous shock to going concern reporting. Models and techniques are combined from prior literature and extended to investigate auditors’ reporting behaviors using two important and distinct samples.
LES/FMDF of turbulent reacting jet in cross-flow
Authors: Esmaeili Mostafa , Afshari Asghar 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to numerically investigate the flow features and mixing/combustion efficiencies in a turbulent reacting jet in cross-flow by a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian methodology.

Design/methodology/approach
A high-order hybrid solver is employed where, the velocity field is obtained by solving the Eulerian filtered compressible transport equations while the species are simulated by using the filtered mass density function (FMDF) method.

Findings
The main features of a reacting JICF flame are reproduced by the large-eddy simulation (LES)/FMDF method. The computed mean and root-mean-square values of velocity and mean temperature field are in good agreement with experimental data. Reacting JICF’s with different momentum ratios are considered. The jet penetrates deeper for higher momentum ratios. Mixing and combustion efficiency are improved by increasing the momentum ratio.

Originality/value
The authors investigate the flow and combustion characteristics in subsonic reacting JICFs for which very limited studies are reported in the literature.
The impact of the 2012 NZX listing rule change on board composition and company performance
Authors: Boyle Glenn , Hong Sanghyun , Foley Michael 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of December 2012, New Zealand (NZ) stock exchange operator listing rule change that introduced compulsory disclosure about gender diversity on NZ boards.

Design/methodology/approach
A quasi-natural experiment setting with a clearly identifiable exogenous event.

Findings
The rate of growth in female-held directorships increased significantly after the introduction of the new rule, resulting in, by 2016, the average female board representation being more than double what it had been in 2012. However, this paper finds no relationship between this response and company performance.

Research limitations/implications
This study cannot attribute causality to the observed jump in female directorships following the 2012 listing rule change due to the absence of a control group of firms not subject to this change.

Practical implications
The results are consistent with an efficient director appointment process in NZ.

Originality/value
Low-key regulatory changes can have a significant impact on company behaviour.
Do institutional investors stabilize stock returns? Evidence from emerging IPO markets
Authors: Dumrongwong Konpanas 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how institutional ownership is related to the stock return volatility of initial public offerings (IPOs) in an emerging market and to examine the relationship between institutional ownership and underpricing.Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigates these relationships using White’s (1980) regression and 2 × 3 portfolios sorted by firm size and institutional holdings. The regression method examines the relationships across firms with different characteristics such as size, stock price, growth potential, firm age and type of investors. The data were chosen for this sample to cover the new equity issuances listed on the Thailand Stock Exchange for the period 2001–2019.FindingsThe empirical results suggest that institutional ownership is negatively associated with initial stock return volatility. This highlights the importance of institutional investors in maintaining stability in emerging stock markets. Additionally, it was found that institutional holding and underpricing are negatively correlated. The results are robust after controlling for potential heteroskedasticity and differences in firm characteristics.Originality/valueTo the best knowledge of the author, this paper is the first to study the relationship between institutional investors and volatility in Thai IPOs, and hence provides a deeper understanding of how investors influence the price formation and volatility of stock prices in emerging markets. Furthermore, besides academics, the results presented in this paper could be useful for market regulators and policymakers in designing future market regulations to efficiently stabilize equity markets.
The reception of the “New Qing History” in China: confrontation between global and nationalist historical narratives
Authors: Déry Carl 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to explore various tensions related to the diffusion and reception of the New Qing History (NQH) in China, and more specifically, it aims at underlying a recurrent tension within the core of this debate, between a Global and a Nationalist historical narrative.

Design/methodology/approach
The author’s focus is to analyze various texts published in China between 2006 and 2018.

Findings
The author argues that the intensity of the current debate is partly related on the one hand, to the fact that NQH undermines various aspects of China’s Nationalist teleology and territorial claims and, on the other hand, to the basic difficulty of accepting the coexistence of various historical representations that are risking to weaken contemporary’s justifications of its rising schemes.

Originality/value
The text presents an original reading of some important issues raised by the NQH debate.
In situ resistance, not immigration, supports invertebrate community resilience to drought intensification in a Neotropical ecosystem
Authors: Bonhomme Camille , Céréghino Régis , Carrias Jean‐François , Compin Arthur , Corbara Bruno , Jassey Vincent E. J. , Leflaive Joséphine , Farjalla Vinicius F. , Marino Nicholas A. C. , Rota Thibaut , Srivastava Diane S. , Leroy Céline 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

While future climate scenarios predict declines in precipitations in many regions of the world, little is known of the mechanisms underlying community resilience to prolonged dry seasons, especially in ‘naïve’ Neotropical rainforests. Predictions of community resilience to intensifying drought are complicated by the fact that the underlying mechanisms are mediated by species' tolerance and resistance traits, as well as rescue through dispersal from source patches.

We examined the contribution of in situ tolerance‐resistance and immigration to community resilience, following drought events that ranged from the ambient norm to IPCC scenarios and extreme events.

We used rainshelters above rainwater‐filled bromeliads of French Guiana to emulate a gradient of drought intensity (from 1 to 3.6 times the current number of consecutive days without rainfall), and we analysed the post‐drought dynamics of the taxonomic and functional community structure of aquatic invertebrates to these treatments when immigration is excluded (by netting bromeliads) or permitted (no nets).

Drought intensity negatively affected invertebrate community resistance, but had a positive influence on community recovery during the post‐drought phase. After droughts of 1 to 1.4 times the current intensities, the overall invertebrate abundance recovered within invertebrate life cycle durations (up to 2 months). Shifts in taxonomic composition were more important after longer droughts, but overall, community composition showed recovery towards baseline states. The non‐random patterns of changes in functional community structure indicated that deterministic processes like environmental filtering of traits drive community re‐assembly patterns after a drought event. Community resilience mostly relied on in situ tolerance‐resistance traits. A rescue effect of immigration after a drought event was weak and mostly apparent under extreme droughts.

Under climate change scenarios of drought intensification in Neotropical regions, community and ecosystem resilience could primarily depend on the persistence of suitable habitats and on the resistance traits of species, while metacommunity dynamics could make a minor contribution to ecosystem recovery. Climate change adaptation should thus aim at identifying and preserving local conditions that foster in situ resistance and the buffering effects of habitat features.
Biotic and abiotic drivers of plant–pollinator community assembly across wildfire gradients
Authors: LaManna Joseph A. , Burkle Laura A. , Belote R. Travis , Myers Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Understanding how abiotic disturbance and biotic interactions determine pollinator and flowering‐plant diversity is critically important given global climate change and widespread pollinator declines. To predict responses of pollinators and flowering‐plant communities to changes in wildfire disturbance, a mechanistic understanding of how these two trophic levels respond to wildfire severity is needed.

We compared site‐to‐site variation in community composition (β‐diversity), species richness and abundances of pollinators and flowering plants among landscapes with no recent wildfire (unburned), mixed‐severity wildfire and high‐severity wildfire in three sites across the Northern Rockies Ecoregion, USA. We used variation partitioning to assess the relative contributions of wildfire, other abiotic variables (climate, soils and topography) and biotic associations among plant and pollinator composition to community assembly of both trophic levels.

Wildfire disturbance generally increased species richness and total abundance, but decreased β‐diversity, of both pollinators and flowering plants. However, reductions in β‐diversity from wildfire appeared to result from increased abundances following fires, resulting in higher local species richness of pollinators and flowers in burned than unburned landscapes. After accounting for differences in abundance, standardized effect sizes of β‐diversity were higher in burned than unburned landscapes, suggesting that wildfire enhances non‐random assortment of pollinator and flowering‐plant species among local communities.

Wildfire disturbance mediated the relative importance of mutualistic associations to β‐diversity of pollinators and flowering plants. The influence of pollinator β‐diversity on flowering‐plant β‐diversity increased with wildfire severity, whereas the influence of flowering‐plant β‐diversity on pollinator β‐diversity was greater in mixed‐severity than high‐severity wildfire or unburned landscapes. Moreover, biotic associations among pollinator and plant species explained substantial variation in β‐diversity of both trophic levels beyond what could be explained by wildfire and all other abiotic and spatial factors combined.

Synthesis. Wildfire disturbance and plant–pollinator interactions both strongly influenced the assembly of pollinator and flowering‐plant communities at local and regional scales. However, biotic interactions were generally more important drivers of community assembly in disturbed than undisturbed landscapes. As wildfire regimes continue to change globally, predicting its effects on biodiversity will require a deeper understanding of the ecological processes that mediate biotic interactions among linked trophic levels.