bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of storage on metabolites of brown rice
Authors: Wang Changyuan , Feng Yuchao , Fu Tianxin , Sheng Yanan , Zhang Shu , Zhang Yiwei , Jiang Yingjun , Yu Miao , Zhang Dongjie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundStorage is an essential part of brown rice circulation. During the storage process, the metabolic activity of brown rice is still ongoing, and long‐term storage leads to the deterioration of brown rice. Metabolomics analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in metabolites of brown rice after storage at 18 °C for 12 months.ResultsIn terms of quantity, sugar, fatty acids, and other metabolites in brown rice decreased after storage, and alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and amines increased. A total of 34 differential metabolites were screened. In terms of contents, carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids of brown rice decreased after storage, while those of sugar alcohol, amines, and aldehydes increased after storage. Cluster analysis of the samples at zero storage time revealed that the metabolites expressed least became highly expressed after storage and those expressed highly became low after storage. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that storage significantly influenced the lipid metabolism in brown rice. Palmitoleic acid, cholesterol, linoleic acid, and lauric acid are four key metabolites in lipid metabolism during storage of brown rice.ConclusionSignificant changes occurred in quantity and type of brown rice metabolites after storage. Storage has the greatest effect on lipids. Storage caused a ‘reverse change’ in the metabolites content of brown rice. The results obtained may help in understanding the changes in metabolites profile and delaying of the quality deterioration of brown rice during storage.
Methyl jasmonate induces the resistance of postharvest blueberry to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Wang Hanbo , Kou Xiaohong , Wu Caie , Fan Gongjian , Li Tingting 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of postharvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment (50 μmol L–1) on the control of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in blueberry fruit were evaluated by analyzing (i) the levels of disease resistance signals; (ii) the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant system, disease resistance and phenylpropanoid pathway, and (iii) the secondary metabolite content.RESULTSThe results indicated that MeJA treatment significantly restrained the development of gray mold decay in blueberries. The treatment induced a nitric oxide (NO) burst and increased the endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in the earlier period of storage. The enhanced NO and H2O2 generation by MeJA treatment might serve as a signal to induce resistance against B. cinerea infection. Furthermore, in inoculated fruit, MeJA treatment significantly promoted antioxidant enzymes and defense‐related enzyme activity, which included superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, chitinase, and β‐1,3‐glucanase, and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was reduced. The MeJA treatment enhanced the phenylpropanoid pathway by provoking phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase, and 4‐coumarate CoA ligase activity, which was accompanied by elevated levels of phenolics and flavonoids in blueberry fruit.CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that MeJA could induce the disease resistance of blueberries against B. cinerea by regulating the antioxidant enzymes, defense‐related enzymes, and the phenylpropanoid pathway through the activation of signaling molecules.
Effect of dietary fiber fermentation on short‐chain fatty acid production and microbial composition in vitro
Authors: Bai Yu , Zhao Jin‐biao , Tao Shi‐yu , Zhou Xing‐jian , Pi Yu , Gerrits Walter JJ , Johnston Lee J , Zhang Shi‐yi , Yang Hong‐jian , Liu Ling , Zhang Shuai , Wang Jun‐jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficient utilization of fiber‐rich co‐products is important for optimizing feed resource utilization and animal health. This study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation characteristics of fiber‐rich co‐products, which had equal quantities of total dietary fiber (TDF), at different time points using batch in vitro methods. It considered their gas production, short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and microbial composition.RESULTSThe fermentation of wheat bran (WB) and oat bran (OB) showed higher and faster (P < 0.05) gas and SCFA production than corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), and soybean hulls (SH). The α‐diversity was higher in the CB, SBP, and SH groups than in the WB and OB groups (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, OB and WB fermentation showed lower (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Actinobacteria than the CB, SBP, and SH groups. At the genus level, OB and WB fermentation increased the Enterococcus population in comparison with the CB, SBP, and SH groups, whereas CB and SBP fermentation improved the relative abundance of the Christensenellaceae R‐7 group more than the WB, OB, and SH groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOverall, WB and OB were rapidly fermented by fecal microbiota, in contrast with SBP, SH, and CB. Fermentation of different fiber‐rich co‐products with an equal TDF content gives different responses in terms of microbial composition and SCFA production due to variations in their physicochemical properties and molecular structure. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Intervertebral disc herniation effects on multifidus muscle composition and resident stem cell populations
Authors: Agha Obiajulu , Mueller‐Immergluck Andreas , Liu Mengyao , Zhang He , Theologis Alekos A. , Clark Aaron , Kim Hubert T. , Liu Xuhui , Feeley Brian T. , Bailey Jeannie F. 
Published: May 2020

AbsractBackgroundParaspinal muscles are crucial for vertebral stabilization and movement. These muscles are prone to develop fatty infiltration (FI), fibrosis, and atrophy in many spine conditions. Fibro‐adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), a resident muscle stem cell population, are the main contributors of muscle fibrosis and FI. FAPs are involved in a complex interplay with satellite cells (SCs), the primary myogenic progenitor cells within muscle. Little is known about the stem cell composition of the multifidus. The aim of this study is to examine FAPs and SCs in the multifidus in disc herniation patients. Multifidus muscle samples were collected from 10 patients undergoing decompressive spine surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Hamstring muscle was collected from four patients undergoing hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction as an appendicular control. Multifidus tissue was analyzed for FI and fibrosis using Oil‐Red‐O and Masson's trichrome staining. FAPs and SCs were visualized using immunostaining and quantified with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) sorting. Gene expression of these cells from the multifidus were analyzed with reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and compared to those from hamstring muscle. FI and fibrosis accounted for 14.2%± 7.4% and 14.8%±4.2% of multifidus muscle, respectively. The multifidus contained more FAPs (11.7%±1.9% vs 1.4%±0.2%; P<.001) and more SCs (3.4%±1.6% vs 0.08%±0.02%; P=.002) than the hamstring. FAPs had greater α Smooth Muscle Actin (αSMA) and adipogenic gene expression than FAPs from the hamstring. SCs from the multifidus displayed upregulated expression of stem, proliferation, and differentiation genes.ConclusionThe multifidus in patients with disc herniation contains large percentages of FAPs and SCs with different gene expression profiles compared to those in the hamstring. These results may help explain the tendency for the multifidus to atrophy and form FI and fibrosis as well as elucidate potential approaches for mitigating these degenerative changes by leveraging these muscle stem cell populations.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a Stronger Predictor of Long‐Term Neurobehavioral Outcomes Than Traumatic Brain Injury Severity
Authors: Lange Rael T. , French Louis M. , Lippa Sara M. , Bailie Jason M. , Brickell Tracey A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConcurrent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in military populations. The purpose of this study was to examine long‐term neurobehavioral outcomes in service members and veterans (SMVs) with versus without PTSD symptoms following TBI of all severities. Participants were 536 SMVs prospectively enrolled from three military medical treatment facilities who were recruited into three experimental groups: TBI, injured controls (IC), and noninjured controls (NIC). Participants completed the PTSD Checklist, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, and the TBI–Quality of Life (TBI‐QOL) and were divided into six subgroups based on the three experimental categories, two PTSD categories (i.e., present vs. absent), and two broad TBI severity categories (unMTBI, which included uncomplicated mild TBI; and smcTBI, which included severe TBI, moderate TBI, and complicated mild TBI): (a) NIC/PTSD‐absent, (b) IC/PTSD‐absent, (c) unMTBI/PTSD‐absent, (d) unMTBI/PTSD‐present, (e) smcTBI/PTSD‐absent, and (f) smcTBI/PTSD‐present. There were significant main effects across the six groups for all TBI‐QOL measures, ps < .001. Select pairwise comparisons revealed significantly lower scores, p < .001, on all TBI‐QOL measures in the PTSD‐present groups when compared to the PTSD‐absent groups within the same TBI severity classification, ds = 0.90–2.11. In contrast, when controlling for PTSD, there were no significant differences among the TBI severity groups for any TBI‐QOL measures. These results provide support for the strong influence of PTSD but not TBI severity on neurobehavioral outcomes following TBI. Concurrent PTSD and TBI of all severities should be considered a risk factor for poor long‐term neurobehavioral outcomes that require ongoing monitoring.
Retrograde fiberoptic endoscopy evaluation for patients with laryngeal edema
Authors: Alfaris Abdullah Mohammed , Bawazir Samir Mohammed , Al Awaji Nisreen Naser 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAirway and swallowing evaluation is a crucial step before weaning the patient from a tracheostomy tube. Different evaluation procedures can be used successfully in many patients, but sometimes, this can be difficult or impossible for patients who have laryngeal edema as the existence of edema tends to block the view of true vocal folds. Thus, a new approach using retrograde fiberoptic endoscopy evaluation of swallowing (FEES) has been suggested to help visualize the vocal folds clearly. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of such a modification to the standard FEES.MethodologyThirty‐six patients were referred for swallowing and airway evaluation. They were examined via nasopharyngolaryngobronchoscopy and FEES; nine of them had laryngeal edema and fit the inclusion criteria.ResultsFour out of the nine patients who had laryngeal edema could immediately swallow after evaluation with retrograde FEES.ConclusionsRetrograde FEES is suggested to be an effective way to evaluate swallowing and is a valuable tool for research in this area.Level of evidenceLevel 4 (case series).
Super‐Tough, Self‐Healing Polyurethane Based on Diels‐Alder Bonds and Dynamic Zinc–Ligand Interactions
Authors: Ouyang Chunfa , Zhao Chao , Li Wei , Wu Xiuchun , Le Xiaoxia , Chen Tao , Huang Wei , Gao Qun , Shan Xiaoqian , Zhg Rei , Zhang Weiping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSelf‐healing polymer materials have attracted extensive attention and have been explored due to their ability of crack repairing in materials. This paper aims to develop a novel polyurethane‐based material with high self‐healing efficiency and excellent mechanical properties under 80 °C on the basis of reversible Diels–Alder bonds as well as zinc–ligand structure (DA‐ZN‐PU). By integrating DA bonds and zinc–ligand structure, as‐prepared DA‐ZN‐PU samples reach the maximum tensile strength as much as 28.45 MPa. After self‐healing, the tensile strength is 25.85 MPa, leading to the high self‐healing efficiency of 90.8%. In addition, by introducing carbonyl iron powder (CIP), a new polyurethane containing carbonyl iron powder (DA‐ZN‐CIP‐PU) can be achieved, exhibiting microwave‐assisted self‐healing property. And the self‐healing efficiency can be reached to 92.6% in 3 min. Due to high self‐healing efficiency and excellent mechanical properties of the prepared novel polyurethane, it has application attributes in crack repair of functional composite materials.
Chronic Stress Potentiates High Fructose–Induced Lipogenesis in Rat Liver and Kidney
Authors: Milutinović Danijela Vojnović , Brkljačić Jelena , Teofilović Ana , Bursać Biljana , Nikolić Marina , Gligorovska Ljupka , Kovačević Sanja , Djordjevic Ana , Preitner Frederic , Tappy Luc , Matić Gordana , Veličković Nataša 
Published: May 2020

ScopeIntake of fructose‐sweetened beverages and chronic stress (CS) both increase risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim is to investigate whether these factors synergistically perturb lipid metabolism in rat liver and kidney.Methods and resultsFractional de novo lipogenesis (fDNL), intrahepatic‐ and intrarenal‐triglycerides (IHTG and IRTG), de novo palmitate (DNPalm) content, FA composition, VLDL‐TGs kinetics, and key metabolic gene expression at the end of the feeding and non‐feeding phases in rats exposed to standard chow diet, chow diet + CS, 20% liquid high‐fructose supplementation (HFr), or HFr+CS are measured. HFr induces hypertriglyceridemia, up‐regulates fructose‐metabolism and gluconeogenic enzymes, increases IHTG and DNPalm content in IHTG and IRTG, and augments fDNL at the end of the feeding phase. These changes are diminished after the non‐feeding phase. CS does not exert such effects, but when combined with HFr, it reduces IHTG and visceral adiposity, enhances lipogenic gene expression and fDNL, and increases VLDL‐DNPalm secretion.ConclusionLiquid high‐fructose supplementation increases IHTG and VLDL‐TG secretion after the feeding phase, the latter being the result of stimulated hepatic and renal DNL. Chronic stress potentiates the effects of high fructose on fDNL and export of newly synthesized VLDL‐TGs, and decreases fructose‐induced intrahepatic TG accumulation after the feeding phase.
Dual‐band broadside radiation antenna via near‐field electric and magnetic couplings of nested metamaterial resonators
Authors: Han Yajuan , Wang Jiafu , Gong Shuhong , Li Yongfeng , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method of designing broadside radiation antennas using metamaterial resonators. The antenna consists of a feeding probe and a nested metamaterial resonator (MR), where the latter is located in the near‐field zone of the former and both of them stand on the metallic ground. The nested MR, where a finite‐length comb structure (CS) is circled by a broadside‐coupled split‐ring resonator (BC‐SRR), is used as the radiator. Excited by the tilted electric fields around the feeding probe, even‐mode spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) can be excited on the comb structure, forming standing wave, and leading to broadside radiation at the half‐wavelength frequency. The BC‐SRR is excited by the magnetic fields penetrating through it, leading to broadside radiation at its resonant frequency. A prototype working at 5.4 GHz and 7.0 GHz was designed, fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results agree well and verify our design.
How large a 3JHCCH coupling can be? Prediction of giant vicinal couplings in quinonoid systems
Authors: Navarro‐Vázquez Armando 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSecond‐order polarization propagator approximation (SOPPA) and density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP computations revealed the presence of giant 3JHCCH couplings, up to more than 60 Hz, in conjugated quinonoid systems, very far above the typical limit of ~15 Hz. Strong hyperconjugative interactions of the C–H σ orbitals with the quinonoid 8‐e− π system, which allows effective propagation of the spin polarization, seem to be responsible for those extraordinarily large couplings. Computation on several model systems showed the additive nature of the contributions from the available coupling paths to the total coupling.
Automated detection of left ventricle in arterial input function images for inline perfusion mapping using deep learning: A study of 15,000 patients
Authors: Xue Hui , Tseng Ethan , Knott Kristopher D. , Kotecha Tushar , Brown Louise , Plein Sven , Fontana Marianna , Moon James C. , Kellman Peter 
Published: May 2020

PurposeQuantification of myocardial perfusion has the potential to improve the detection of regional and global flow reduction. Significant effort has been made to automate the workflow, where one essential step is the arterial input function (AIF) extraction. Failure to accurately identify the left ventricle (LV) prevents AIF estimation required for quantification, therefore high detection accuracy is required. This study presents a robust LV detection method using the convolutional neural network (CNN).MethodsCNN models were trained by assembling 25,027 scans (N = 12,984 patients) from three hospitals, seven scanners. Performance was evaluated using a hold‐out test set of 5721 scans (N = 2805 patients). Model inputs were a time series of AIF images (2D+T). Two variations were investigated: (1) two classes (2CS) for background and foreground (LV mask), and (2) three classes (3CS) for background, LV, and RV. The final model was deployed on MRI scanners using the Gadgetron reconstruction software framework.ResultsModel loading on the MRI scanner took ~340 ms and applying the model took ~180 ms. The 3CS model successfully detected the LV in 99.98% of all test cases (1 failure out of 5721). The mean Dice ratio for 3CS was 0.87 ± 0.08 with 92.0% of all cases having Dice >0.75. The 2CS model gave a lower Dice ratio of 0.82 ± 0.22 (P < 1e−5). There was no significant difference in foot‐time, peak‐time, first‐pass duration, peak value, and area‐under‐curve (P > .2) comparing automatically extracted AIF signals with signals from manually drawn contours.ConclusionsA CNN‐based solution to detect the LV blood pool from the arterial input function image series was developed, validated, and deployed. A high LV detection accuracy of 99.98% was achieved.
Mathematical analysis of an optimal control problem for the predator‐prey model with disease in prey
Authors: Sowndarrajan Puthur Thangaraj , Nyamoradi Nemat , Shangerganesh Lingeshwaran , Manimaran Jeyaraj 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article deals with an optimal control problem governed by a system that models the dynamics of predator‐prey interactions. We study the minimization of the infective prey density. Furthermore, our purpose is here to establish the existence of weak solutions and derive some optimality conditions. Finally, the impact of the control terms are studied to get an insight of the predator‐prey model adopting various numerical simulations.
Preparation and study of fireproof materials with high‐waterproof performance
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Shao Donghai , Ejeromedoghene Onome , Qian Kun , Kandawa‐Schulz Martha , Song Wei , Wang Yihong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new high waterproof and flame‐retardant material was developed by using polylactic acid as a binder. Fireproof composite materials have excellent physical, mechanical, and flame‐retardant properties. The water resistance property of fireproof composites increases as the polylactic acid doping ratio increases. Also, the mechanical performance test showed that the flexural strength of the composite materials reached 14.75 MPa a polylactic acid amount of 25 wt%. More so, the surface of the inorganic materials (magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide), were uniformly covered by the polylactic acid providing good interfacial compatibility between the inorganic materials and polylactic acid. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the fracture cross‐section of the composites was smooth and dense. Thermogravimetric analysis and fire resistance testing further confirmed that the fireproof materials have good thermal stability. The as‐prepared composite materials with improved physical and mechanical properties could be utilized to partitions in public buildings, non‐load bearing walls, and a sandwich for fire doors.
Pharmacokinetics of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report
Authors: Dhanani Jayesh A. , Lipman Jeffrey , Pincus Jason , Townsend Shane , Livermore Amelia , Wallis Steven C. , Pandey Saurabh , Abdul‐Aziz Mohd H. , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: May 2020

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy could affect drug concentrations via adsorption onto the oxygenator and/or associated circuit. We describe a case of a 33‐year‐old man with severe respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis jirovecii infection on a background of recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection. He required venovenous ECMO therapy for refractory respiratory failure. Intravenous sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim (100 and 20 mg/kg/day) was administered in a dosing regimen every 6 hours. Pre‐oxygenator, post‐oxygenator, and arterial blood samples were collected after antibiotic administration and were analyzed for total sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim concentrations. The peak sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim concentrations were 122 mg/L and 5.3 mg/L, respectively. The volume of distribution for sulfamethoxazole was 0.37 and 2.30 L/kg for trimethoprim. The clearance for sulfamethoxazole was 0.35 ml/minute/kg and for trimethoprim was 1.64 ml/minute/kg. The pharmacokinetics of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim appear not to be affected by ECMO therapy, and dosing adjustment may not be required.
‘Ace’ forage cowpea
Authors: Smith G. R. , Rouquette F. M. , DeLaune P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract‘Ace’ (Reg. no. CV‐329, PI 691530) is a small‐seeded cultivar of forage cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] that was developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Overton, TX. Ace is intended for use in wildlife supplemental plantings, cover cropping systems, and hay production systems. Forage cowpeas are widely used in Texas and the U.S. southern region as supplemental plantings for white‐tailed deer, but seed production of late‐flowering forage cowpeas is restricted in northern Texas due to freeze kill prior to seed maturity. Mass selection within two highly variable plant introduction lines was used to develop Ace. Seed from five plants with very similar phenotypes, including first bloom in late August, was bulked and tested as experimental forage cowpea. Biomass production of Ace (experimental designation TX‐3) at Overton was 2.8 and 4.7 Mg ha−1 in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Biomass production of Ace at Vernon, TX, in 2015, 2016, and 2017 was 3.9, 5.9, and 6.7 Mg dry matter ha−1, respectively. Protein content of Ace biomass at Vernon in 2015 and 2016 was 16.5 and 16.4, respectively. Seed production of Ace at Vernon ranged from 106 to 670 kg ha−1. The seed size of Ace, expressed as seed weight, was 5.1 g 100 seeds−1, compared with Iron & Clay at 10.6 g 100 seeds−1. Average days to first bloom at Overton for Ace and Iron & Clay are 87 and 114, respectively. Root galling of Ace by southern root‐knot nematode (Meloidgyne incognita Race 3) is very low, and nematode reproduction is low, relative to southern root‐knot nematode–susceptible cowpea lines. Greenhouse seed germination studies indicate about 25% of Ace seed would survive after 2 mo of simulated field conditions and that all seed would be germinated after 3 mo. The reseeding potential of Ace needs further study.