bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Generic Analogy-Centered Software Cost Estimation Based on Differential Evolution Exploration Process
Authors: Wani Zahid Hussain , Bhat Javaid Iqbal , Giri Kaisar Javeed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Software cost estimation is the prediction of development effort and calendar time required to develop any software project. It is considered to be the very fundamental task for successful execution of an on-going project as well as budgetary requirements of futuristic projects. As accuracy in software cost estimation is very hard because of the availability of vague information at the time of inception of the software project, it prompted many researchers to explore in this domain from past decades. Their pioneer works suggest a bulk of techniques for this purpose. However, because of the availability of large number of estimation techniques, it becomes hard for any software practitioners to select an appropriate one. To help the industry practitioners in these situations, a novel analogy-centered model based on differential evolution exploration process is proposed in this research study. The proposed model has been assessed on 676 projects from 5 different data sets and the results achieved are significantly better when compared with other benchmark analogy-based estimation studies. Furthermore, being the very less computational cost of the proposed model, it is suggested that the proposed model be considered as the preliminary stage of any analogy-based software estimation technique.
Additive value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan for detection of aortic tube graft infection: a case report
Authors: Larti Farnoosh , Khadembashiri Mohammad Amin , Abbasi Mehrshad , Sherafati Alborz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of aortic graft infection is challenging, and delayed diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has improved diagnostic accuracy.Case summaryA patient with a history of congenital heart disease was admitted due to fever. He had a history of four cardiac surgeries, including the Bentall procedure for endocarditis. Blood cultures were negative. A semi-mobile mass was detected in the distal portion of the aortic tube graft in echocardiography. PET/CT scan was used to confirm tube graft infection and to support proceeding to cardiac surgery.DiscussionUsing multimodality imaging, including PET/CT scan in combination with echocardiography, can improve diagnostic accuracy for the detection of aortic tube graft infection, infection of prosthetic valves, or intra-cardiac devices, especially in high-risk surgical cases.
Bank branching, concentration, and local economic growth in pre-WW1 England and Wales
Authors: Jansson Walter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between the spread of bank offices, banking sector concentration, and economic growth in English and Welsh counties in the four decades before WW1. During this period, banks rapidly expanded their branch networks, while banking sector concentration increased. Findings from both panel fixed effects and instrumental variable regressions suggest that an increase in the number of bank offices in English and Welsh counties had a positive impact on local economic growth. There is no evidence of banking sector concentration being negatively associated with local economic performance prior to WW1.
Racial Differences in Early Parental Death, Midlife Life Problems, and Relationship Strain With Adult Children
Authors: Kim Yijung K , Kim Kyungmin , Fingerman Karen L , Umberson Debra J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Black Americans typically experience the death of a parent earlier in the life course than do non-Hispanic Whites, and early parental death is known to hinder subsequent relationship outcomes. Whether early parental death may contribute to racial differences in midlife family relationships and the role midlife adults’ current life problems play remain unexplored.

Method
Using multilevel modeling, we examined how timing of parental death is associated with relationship strain with adult children and whether the association differs by midlife adults’ life problems in Black (n = 166) and non-Hispanic White (n = 467) families from the Family Exchanges Study.

Results
Losing a parent in childhood was associated with more relationship strain with adult children for Black midlife adults, but not for their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Among the bereaved, earlier timing of parental death was associated with more relationship strain with adult children only for Black midlife adults. In both bereaved and nonbereaved sample, participants’ recent physical-emotional problems exacerbated the link between timing of parental death and relationship strain with adult children for Black midlife adults.

Discussion
Experiencing the death of a parent in the early life course can be an added structural disadvantage that imposes unique challenges for Black Americans in midlife. Policies and programs aimed at supporting bereaved children may benefit relationships with their own children later in life, and addressing physical-emotional problems in midlife may be a viable intervention point for those midlife adults who experienced the death of a parent in the early life course.
Approximate separability of symmetrically penalized least squares in high dimensions: characterization and consequences
Authors: Celentano Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We show that the high-dimensional behavior of symmetrically penalized least squares with a possibly non-separable, symmetric, convex penalty in both (i) the Gaussian sequence model and (ii) the linear model with uncorrelated Gaussian designs nearly agrees with the behavior of least squares with an appropriately chosen separable penalty in these same models. This agreement is established by finite-sample concentration inequalities which precisely characterize the behavior of symmetrically penalized least squares in both models via a comparison to a simple scalar statistical model. The concentration inequalities are novel in their precision and generality. Our results help clarify that the role non-separability can play in high-dimensional M-estimation. In particular, if the empirical distribution of the coordinates of the parameter is known—exactly or approximately—there are at most limited advantages to use non-separable, symmetric penalties over separable ones. In contrast, if the empirical distribution of the coordinates of the parameter is unknown, we argue that non-separable, symmetric penalties automatically implement an adaptive procedure, which we characterize. We also provide a partial converse which characterizes the adaptive procedures which can be implemented in this way.
Partial differential model of lactate neuro-energetics: analytic results and numerical simulations
Authors: Perrillat-Mercerot Angélique , Miranville Alain , Agosti Abramo , Rocca Elisabetta , Ciarletta Pasquale , Guillevin Rémy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Interfaces play a key role on diseases development because they dictate the energy inflow of nutrients from the surrounding tissues. What is underestimated by existing mathematical models is the biological fact that cells are able to use different resources through nonlinear mechanisms. Among all nutrients, lactate appears to be a sensitive metabolic when talking about brain tumours or neurodegenerative diseases. Here we present a partial differential model to investigate the lactate exchanges between cells and the vascular network in the brain. By extending an existing kinetic model for lactate neuro-energetics, we first provide analytical proofs of the uniqueness and the derivation of precise bounds on the solutions of the problem including diffusion of lactate in a representative volume element comprising the interface between a capillary and cells. We further perform finite element simulations of the model in two test cases, discussing the relevant physical parameters governing the lactate dynamics.
Measles in the 21st Century: Progress Toward Achieving and Sustaining Elimination
Authors: Gastañaduy Paul A , Goodson James L , Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , Rota Paul A , Orenstein Walt A , Patel Manisha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The global measles vaccination program has been extraordinarily successful in reducing measles-related disease and deaths worldwide. Eradication of measles is feasible because of several key attributes, including humans as the only reservoir for the virus, broad access to diagnostic tools that can rapidly detect measles-infectious persons, and availability of highly safe and effective measles-containing vaccines (MCVs). All 6 World Health Organization (WHO) regions have established measles elimination goals. Globally, during 2000–2018, measles incidence decreased by 66% (from 145 to 49 cases per million population) and deaths decreased by 73% (from 535 600 to 142 300), drastically reducing global disease burden. Routine immunization with MCV has been the cornerstone for the control and prevention of measles. Two doses of MCV are 97% effective in preventing measles, qualifying MCV as one of the most effective vaccines ever developed. Mild adverse events occur in &lt;20% of recipients and serious adverse events are extremely rare. The economic benefits of measles vaccination are highlighted by an overall return on investment of 58 times the cost of the vaccine, supply chains, and vaccination. Because measles is one of the most contagious human diseases, maintenance of high (≥95%) 2-dose MCV coverage is crucial for controlling the spread of measles and successfully reaching measles elimination; however, the plateauing of global MCV coverage for nearly a decade and the global measles resurgence during 2018–2019 demonstrate that much work remains. Global commitments to increase community access to and demand for immunizations, strengthen national and regional partnerships for building public health infrastructure, and implement innovations that can overcome access barriers and enhance vaccine confidence, are essential to achieve a world free of measles.
Disc–jet coupling changes as a possible indicator for outbursts from GX 339−4 remaining within the X-ray hard state
Authors: de Haas S E M , Russell T D , Degenaar N , Markoff S , Tetarenko A J , Tetarenko B E , van den Eijnden J , Miller-Jones J C A , Parikh A S , Plotkin R M , Sivakoff G R 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present quasi-simultaneous radio, (sub-)millimetre, and X-ray observations of the Galactic black hole X-ray binary GX 339−4, taken during its 2017–2018 outburst, where the source remained in the hard X-ray spectral state. During this outburst, GX 339−4 showed no atypical X-ray behaviour that may act as an indicator for an outburst remaining within the hard state. However, quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray observations showed a flatter than expected coupling between the radio and X-ray luminosities (with a best-fitting relation of $L_{\rm radio} \propto L_{\rm X}^{0.39 \pm 0.06}$), when compared to successful outbursts from this system ($L_{\rm radio} \propto L_{\rm X}^{0.62 \pm 0.02}$). While our 2017–2018 outburst data only span a limited radio and X-ray luminosity range (∼1 order of magnitude in both, where more than 2 orders of magnitude in LX is desired), including data from other hard-only outbursts from GX 339−4 extends the luminosity range to ∼1.2 and ∼2.8 orders of magnitude, respectively, and also results in a flatter correlation (where $L_{\rm radio} \propto L_{\rm X}^{0.46 \pm 0.04}$). This result is suggestive that for GX 339−4 a flatter radio–X-ray correlation, implying a more inefficient coupling between the jet and accretion flow, could act as an indicator for a hard-only outburst. However, further monitoring of both successful and hard-only outbursts over larger luminosity ranges with strictly simultaneous radio and X-ray observations is required from different single sources to explore if this applies generally to the population of black hole X-ray binaries, or even GX 339−4 at higher hard-state luminosities.
Evolving solar wind flow properties of magnetic inversions observed by Helios
Authors: Macneil Allan R , Owens Mathew J , Wicks Robert T , Lockwood Mike 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
In its first encounter at solar distances as close as r = 0.16 au, Parker Solar Probe observed numerous local reversals, or inversions, in the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF), which were accompanied by large spikes in solar wind speed. Both solar and in situ mechanisms have been suggested to explain the existence of HMF inversions in general. Previous work using Helios 1, covering 0.3–1 au, observed inverted HMF to become more common with increasing r, suggesting that some heliospheric driving process creates or amplifies inversions. This study expands upon these findings, by analysing inversion-associated changes in plasma properties for the same large data set, facilitated by observations of ‘strahl’ electrons to identify the unperturbed magnetic polarity. We find that many inversions exhibit anticorrelated field and velocity perturbations, and are thus characteristically Alfvénic, but many also depart strongly from this relationship over an apparent continuum of properties. Inversions depart further from the ‘ideal’ Alfvénic case with increasing r, as more energy is partitioned in the field, rather than the plasma, component of the perturbation. This departure is greatest for inversions with larger density and magnetic field strength changes, and characteristic slow solar wind properties. We find no evidence that inversions that stray further from ‘ideal’ Alfvénicity have different generation processes from those which are more Alfvénic. Instead, different inversion properties could be imprinted based on transport or formation within different solar wind streams.
Variation in Pleiotropic Hub Gene Expression Is Associated with Interspecific Differences in Head Shape and Eye Size in Drosophila
Authors: Buchberger Elisa , Bilen Anıl , Ayaz Sanem , Salamanca David , Matas de las Heras Cristina , Niksic Armin , Almudi Isabel , Torres-Oliva Montserrat , Casares Fernando , Posnien Nico 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Revealing the mechanisms underlying the breathtaking morphological diversity observed in nature is a major challenge in Biology. It has been established that recurrent mutations in hotspot genes cause the repeated evolution of morphological traits, such as body pigmentation or the gain and loss of structures. To date, however, it remains elusive whether hotspot genes contribute to natural variation in the size and shape of organs. As natural variation in head morphology is pervasive in Drosophila, we studied the molecular and developmental basis of differences in compound eye size and head shape in two closely related Drosophila species. We show differences in the progression of retinal differentiation between species and we applied comparative transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data to identify the GATA transcription factor Pannier (Pnr) as central factor associated with these differences. Although the genetic manipulation of Pnr affected multiple aspects of dorsal head development, the effect of natural variation is restricted to a subset of the phenotypic space. We present data suggesting that this developmental constraint is caused by the coevolution of expression of pnr and its cofactor u-shaped (ush). We propose that natural variation in expression or function of highly connected developmental regulators with pleiotropic functions is a major driver for morphological evolution and we discuss implications on gene regulatory network evolution. In comparison to previous findings, our data strongly suggest that evolutionary hotspots are not the only contributors to the repeated evolution of eye size and head shape in Drosophila.
Approaching 18% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics with wide bandgap polymer donor and well compatible Y6 : Y6-1O as acceptor
Authors: Ma Xiaoling , Zeng Anping , Gao Jinhua , Hu Zhenghao , Xu Chunyu , Son Jae Hoon , Jeong Sang Young , Zhang Caixia , Li Mengyang , Wang Kai , Yan He , Ma Zaifei , Wang Yongsheng , Woo Han Young , Zhang Fujun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A series of ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with one wide bandgap polymer D18-Cl as donor, and well compatible Y6 and Y6-1O as acceptor. The open-circuit-voltage (VOC) of ternary OPVs is monotonously increased along with the incorporation of Y6-1O, indicating that the alloy state should be formed between Y6 and Y6-1O due to their excellent compatibility. The energy loss can be minimized by incorporating Y6-1O, leading to the VOC improvement of ternary OPVs. By finely adjusting the Y6-1O content, a power conversion efficiency of 17.91% is achieved in the optimal ternary OPVs with 30 wt% Y6-1O in acceptors, resulting from synchronously improved short-circuit-current density (JSC) of 25.87 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 76.92% and VOC of 0.900 V in comparison with those of D18-Cl : Y6 binary OPVs. The JSC and FF improvement of ternary OPVs should be ascribed to comprehensively optimal photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport in ternary active layers. The more efficient charge separation and transport process in ternary active layers can be confirmed by the magneto-photocurrent and impedance spectroscopy experimental results, respectively. This work provides new insight into constructing highly efficient ternary OPVs with well compatible Y6 and its derivative as acceptor.
Basilar Artery Injury During Endonasal Surgery: Stepwise to Control Bleeding
Authors: Cárdenas Ruiz-Valdepeñas Eugenio , Kaen Ariel , Tirado-Caballero Jorge , Di Somma Alberto , Iglesias Pais Miguel , Vázquez Domínguez Maria , Márquez Rivas Javier , Villa Fernández Juan Manel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intraoperative injury during endoscopic endonasal surgery of the carotid artery has been previously described in the literature. However, the accidental damage of the basilar artery in such scenario is not defined.

OBJECTIVE
To define the protocol of action for massive bleeding from an artery in the posterior fossa.

METHODS
The reported patient was diagnosed with a partially calcified clival chordoma featured by a huge intradural component. An endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid transclival approach was selected for the treatment of this tumor. During the surgical procedure, the basilar artery injury was injured, causing intense bleeding. We present and discuss the surgical maneuvers that could save a patient's life after this dramatic complication.

RESULTS
Different techniques were performed in order to control the massive bleeding, including injection of hemotastic matrix with thrombin (Floseal©), bipolar coagulation, and vessel reconstruction by means of a vascular clip. Finally, an autologous muscle graft reinforced with an overlying fibrin sealant patch (Tachosil©) was chosen and was an effective technique. Afterwards, the patient was treated with a flow diverter device to occlude an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm. A monoplegia of the right upper limb was the only remarkable sequel 6 mo after surgery.

CONCLUSION
The muscle graft together with the coordinated action with interventional neuroradiology for the reconstruction of the vessel are possibly the best options to try to preserve the neurological function. In such a scenario, the assumption of potential ischemic events prevails over the intraoperative death of the patient.
Microsurgical Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement Fusion to Treat Cervical Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Duan Wanru , Chou Dean , Jian Fengzeng , Chen Zan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The anterior decompression technique, including vertebral body sliding osteotomy
1
and anterior controllable antedisplacement fusion (ACAF),
2
treats ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) without actual excision of the OPLL.
3
The fundamental strategy is to separate the mid-portion of the vertebral body along with the OPLL using bilateral anterior osteotomies followed by controllable antedisplacement. These techniques restore the space of the spinal canal anteriorly by anterior translation of the OPLL, avoiding excision and dural manipulation.
4
We illustrate the case of a patient who had failed laminoplasty and the surgical decision making for ACAF. We discuss the other surgical options regarding patient selection, present preoperative and postoperative imaging, to demonstrate the efficacy of ACAF and show strategies of ACAF to make it a safe and effective procedure. We demonstrate our technique of ACAF using the intraoperative microscope and models in this video to illustrate the steps of ACAF. A written consent to the procedure was obtained from the patient.
Resection of a Large Thoracic Schwannoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mueller Kyle B , Voyadzis Jean-Marc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Spinal schwannomas most likely occur at the thoracic level and within the intradural extramedullary compartment. They are benign, typically slow-growing, peripheral nerve sheath tumors that produce symptoms by displacing or compressing the nerve roots and spinal cord. There is an association with patients that have neurofibromatosis type 2. Surgical pearls including the utilization of intraoperative ultrasound for localization, D wave monitoring, and microsurgical dissection are demonstrated. Pertinent high-yield radiographic and histological features of schwannomas are reviewed.
1-4

We report the case of a 59-yr-old female who presented with progressively worsening gait instability that was associated with lower extremity numbness progressing to weakness. She had myelopathic findings on examination, which included brisk patellar reflexes and persistent clonus with sensory changes to the umbilicus and mild leg weakness. Full body examination revealed no stigmata of neurofibromatosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neuroaxis demonstrated a large, intradural extramedullary mass with peripheral enhancement that spanned the T9 to T11 vertebral levels with severe compression of the spinal cord. There were no intracranial, cervical, or lumbar findings. Surgical intervention was planned with the following objectives: decompression of the neural elements, curative resection, and diagnosis. Patient consent for the procedure was obtained. Institutional Review Board approval for solitary case reports are not needed at our institution.