bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past, current, and future willingness to engage with treatment targets: Applying user‐centered design to inform the design of a mobile behavioral intervention
Authors: Weinheimer Emilie A. , Chang Angela , Neubert Sarah W. , Wildes Jennifer E. , Graham Andrea K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveUser‐centered design can improve engagement with and the potential efficacy of behavioral interventions, but is underutilized in health care. This work demonstrates how design methodologies can inform the design of a mobile behavioral intervention for binge eating and obesity.MethodA needs assessment was conducted with end‐users (N = 22 adults with obesity and recurrent binge eating [≥12 episodes in 3 months] who were interested in losing weight and addressing binge eating), which included assessing participants' past/current and future willingness to engage with 20 treatment targets for managing binge eating and weight. Targets focused on improving dietary intake, increasing physical activity, and reducing overvaluation of weight and/or shape, unhealthy weight control practices, and negative affect.ResultsParticipants' past and current use of targets varied. For all targets except those addressing unhealthy weight control practices, on average, participants had increasing levels of willingness to try targets. Among participants not currently using a target, at least some were willing to use every target again.DiscussionFindings inform ways to personalize how users begin treatment. Furthermore, this study exemplifies how user‐centered design can inform ways to ensure that digital interventions are designed to meet end‐users' needs to improve engagement and clinical impact.
Multiple observation processes in spatial capture–recapture models: How much do we gain?
Authors: Tourani Mahdieh , Dupont Pierre , Nawaz Muhammad Ali , Bischof Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPopulation monitoring data may originate from multiple methods and are often sparse and fraught with incomplete information due to practical and economic constraints. Models that can integrate multiple survey methods and are able to cope with incomplete data may help investigators exploit available information more thoroughly. Here, we developed an integrated spatial capture–recapture (SCR) model to incorporate multiple data sources with imperfect individual identification. We contrast inferences drawn from this model with alternate models incorporating only subsets of the data available. Using extensive simulations and an empirical example of multi‐method brown bear (Ursus arctos) monitoring data from northern Pakistan, we quantified the benefits of including multiple sources of information in SCR models in terms of parameter precision and bias. Our multiple observation processes SCR model (MOP) yielded a more complete picture of the underlying processes, reduced bias, and led to more precise parameter estimates. Our results suggest that the greatest gains from integrated SCR models can be expected in situations where detection probability is low, a large proportion of detections is not attributable to individuals, and the degree of overlap between individual home ranges is low.
Competition for light and persistence of rare light‐demanding species within tree‐fall gaps in a moist tropical forest
Authors: Velázquez Eduardo , Wiegand Thorsten 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests that tree‐fall gaps can influence forest structure and dynamics by enabling certain species guilds to persist over the long term. Here we assessed the development of local size hierarchies and asymmetric competition for light in tree‐fall gaps, and the role played by these two processes for the persistence of rare light‐demanding species in the Barro Colorado Island Forest Dynamics Plot (Panama). We performed spatial point pattern analysis, considering both the spatial locations (x,y) and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of all the woody plant recruits from the 1985 and 2000 censuses located in tree‐fall gaps, and followed their fate up to the 1990–2010 and 2005–2010 censuses, respectively. For these two recruit cohorts, we found that, from the initial census until 5–10 yr later, close neighbors presented a larger DBH than the mean DBH of all individuals within gaps, which points to a positive growth response of recruits to the increased light levels in the gap centers. However, close neighbors of the 1985 cohort also showed larger than expected DBH differences that disappeared in subsequent censuses, indicating an enhancement of size differences between neighbors and the mortality of the smaller individuals. Finally, for both recruit cohorts, we found that 10–15 yr after gap formation, surviving individuals of rare light‐demanding species had a negative impact on survival of neighboring individuals of other species. Our results indicate that gaps favor the persistence of rare light‐demanding species through the development of local size hierarchies and asymmetric competition for light. The strength of this process, however, apparently depends upon gap size and the role played by the woody plants already existing at the time of gap formation in early colonization. Moreover, our findings suggest that in this forest, gaps may enhance colonization of plant species typical of nearby dry tropical areas, and that, over the coming decades, similar processes could strongly modify the structure and dynamics of moist tropical forests in the region.
Continuous Transesterification Reaction of Residual Frying Oil with Pressurized Ethanol Using KF/Clay as Catalyst
Authors: Zempulski Denise Aparecida , Trentini Caroline Portilho , Milinsk Maria Cristina , Alves Helton José , da Silva Camila 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of a heterogeneous potassium fluoride (KF)/clay catalyst in continuous ester production from residual frying oil using pressurized ethanol is evaluated. Reactions without catalysts are conducted to determine the effect of the catalyst on ester yield. To verify the performance of the catalyst, the reactions are conducted for 3 h with determination of the ester yield every 30 min and characterization of the catalyst after each reaction. The influence of the temperature, catalyst mass used in the catalytic bed, and the residence time are evaluated. KF/clay is found to be efficient in ester synthesis and provides better results compared with non‐catalytic reactions and the formation of esters is favored on increasing the temperature. The ester yields remain stable over time at 275 and 300 °C but at 225 and 250 °C the yields decrease by 48.42% and 38.40%, respectively. This may be due to the lower diffusion coefficient at these temperatures, implying that the reaction occurs preferentially at the catalyst surface. There is an increase in yield with an increase in the catalyst mass up to 2 g. The catalyst maintains its morphological characteristics after the reaction and the average mass loss in each reaction is <8%.Practical Applications: Transesterification at high temperature under pressurized conditions has great potential in biodiesel production, due to the efficiency in obtaining esters in short reaction times. In addition, the use of inexpensive and easily obtained clay‐based catalysts contributes to higher yields and allows milder operating conditions. These factors make it possible to obtain biodiesel using a low‐cost raw material (residual frying oil), under pressurized conditions, which will be of interest worldwide due to the various benefits linked to its use.
NMR Spectroscopy: Determination of Peroxide Value in Vegetable and Krill Oil by Using Triphenylphosphine as Tagging Reagent
Authors: Hafer Elina , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Wiedemann Sascha , Adams Kristie M. , Diehl Bernd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydroperoxides are formed as the primary product during lipid oxidation, being analyzed as the peroxide value to detect the degradation level of oils and fats. As an alternative to the classical titration method according to Wheeler, a 1H‐{31P} decoupled NMR method is developed using triphenylphosphine (TPP) as a tagging agent. TPP reacts with peroxides to form TPP oxides. The quantification of the peroxide value is performed by comparing the amount of reacted TPP oxide and non‐reacted TPP. This approach eliminates the requirement for an additional internal standard. Low‐oxidized oils (peroxide value < 3 meq/kg) and high‐oxidized oils with peroxide values of 150 meq/kg are precisely quantified with an relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.90% and 0.16%, respectively. A total number of 108 oil samples are examined using the newly‐developed 1H‐{31P} decoupled NMR method, indicating the applicability for vegetable oils and krill oils.Practical Applications: The developed NMR method is applicable for the determination of the peroxide value in vegetable, marine and krill oils presenting a powerful alternative for the Wheeler titration method.
Assessing the role of ketogenic dietary therapy in ring chromosome 20 syndrome: A patient‐led approach
Authors: Gordon Donald , Watson Allison , Desurkar Archana , Cowley Laura , Hiemstra Thomas F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRing chromosome 20 syndrome (r(20)) is an ultra‐rare disease characterized by drug‐refractory epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and behavioral problems. Nonpharmacological treatments alongside antiepileptic drugs early after diagnosis may help reduce seizure frequency and preserve cognition. Ketogenic dietary therapy (KDT) has benefitted children with complex, refractory epilepsies, but its efficacy in r(20) is unknown. We assessed clinical prescription, implementation, and patient experience of KDT in r(20) through online surveys and a workshop. Forty‐two patients, families, carers, and 23 healthcare professionals completed the surveys. While nearly all patients were familiar with KDT, only half had tried it. Significant improvement in seizure activity, cognition, and alertness was reported; side effects were typically mild but with one report of increased seizure frequency. A high rate of co‐morbidity, older age at presentation, behavioral problems, and cognitive impairment can make implementing KDT in r(20) challenging. In the UK, NHS KDT services are predominantly available to pediatric patients, with very limited adult access. A health economic analysis illustrating reduced acute care costs or improved quality of life may support more widespread KDT implementation. Growing evidence supports KDT as an effective and safe intervention, but further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of r(20) and its interaction with ketosis.
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Sulfate to Several Freshwater Organisms in Water-Only Exposures
Authors: Wang Ning , Dorman Rebecca A. , Ivey Christopher D. , Soucek David J. , Dickinson Amy , Kunz Bethany K. , Steevens Jeffery A. , Hammer Edward J. , Bauer Candice R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Elevated nitrate (NO3) and sulfate (SO4) in surface water are of global concern, and studies are needed to generate toxicity data to develop environmental guideline values for NO3 and SO4. The present study was designed to fill existing gaps in toxicity databases by determining the acute and/or chronic toxicity of NO3 (tested as NaNO3) to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea), a midge (Chironomus dilutus), a fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), and 2 amphibians (Hyla versicolor and Lithobates sylvaticus), and to determine the acute and/or chronic toxicity of SO4 (tested as Na2SO4) to 2 unionid mussels (L. siliquoidea and Villosa iris), an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), and 2 fish species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas and O. mykiss). Among the different test species, acute NO3 median effect concentrations (EC50s) ranged from 189 to &gt;883 mg NO3-N/L, and chronic NO3 20% effect concentrations (EC20s) based on the most sensitive endpoint ranged from 9.6 to 47 mg NO3-N/L. The midge was the most sensitive species, and the trout was the least sensitive species in both acute and chronic NO3 exposures. Acute SO4 EC50s for the 2 mussel species (2071 and 2064 mg SO4/L) were similar to the EC50 for the amphipod (2689 mg SO4/L), whereas chronic EC20s for the 2 mussels (438 and 384 mg SO4/L) were &gt;2-fold lower than the EC20 of the amphipod (1111 mg SO4/L), indicating the high sensitivity of mussels in chronic SO4 exposures. However, the fathead minnow, with an EC20 of 374 mg SO4/L, was the most sensitive species in chronic SO4 exposures whereas the rainbow trout was the least sensitive species (EC20 &gt; 3240 mg SO4/L). The high sensitivity of fathead minnow was consistent with the finding in a previous chronic Na2SO4 study. However, the EC20 values from the present study conducted in test water containing a higher potassium concentration (3 mg K/L) were &gt;2-fold greater than those in the previous study at a lower potassium concentration (1 mg K/L), which confirmed the influence of potassium on chronic Na2SO4 toxicity to the minnow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1071–1085. © 2020 SETAC
Jump‐reduced immersed boundary method for compressible flow
Authors: Choung Hanahchim , Saravanan Vignesh , Lee Soogab 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe main challenge of the immersed boundary approach is the proper enforcement of boundary conditions on the body interface without any spurious oscillations, which are induced by the nongrid‐conforming boundary configuration. In this study, a new sharp interface ghost‐cell immersed boundary method (IBM) is proposed for obtaining solutions near the immersed boundary with a high order of accuracy. The main idea is “jump‐reduction” instead of jump‐correction across the boundary interface by combining the ghost‐cell method with the flow reconstruction method. In the proposed IBM, the unknown values at the three points, that is, boundary points, ghost cell, and flow field reconstruction point are solved simultaneously using equations formulated by the moving least‐squares interpolation method. It is a hybrid of ghost‐cell and flow reconstruction methods, correlated with interface values, which result in a reduced jump‐discontinuity. In addition, a discontinuity‐distinguishing algorithm is introduced so that the low‐order method is applied only to the discontinuous or non smooth region, while the current high‐order method is applied elsewhere. Reduced jump‐discontinuity of the proposed IBM has been verified in both subsonic and supersonic flow using fundamental benchmark problems. We observed that the reduced jump‐discontinuity does not hamper the mass conservation and shows even better conservation property than conventional methods due to the nonoscillatory performance in smooth regions. The numerical results further confirm the ability of the proposed IBM to solve complex flow physics with high‐order accuracy and improved stability.
A detailed look at crude oil price volatility prediction using macroeconomic variables
Authors: Nonejad Nima 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigate whether crude oil price volatility is predictable by conditioning on macroeconomic variables. We consider a large number of predictors, take into account the possibility that relative predictive performance varies over the out‐of‐sample period, and shed light on the economic drivers of crude oil price volatility. Results using monthly data from 1983:M1 to 2018:M12 document that variables related to crude oil production, economic uncertainty and variables that either describe the current stance or provide information about the future state of the economy forecast crude oil price volatility at the population level 1 month ahead. On the other hand, evidence of finite‐sample predictability is very weak. A detailed examination of our out‐of‐sample results using the fluctuation test suggests that this is because relative predictive performance changes drastically over the out‐of‐sample period. The predictive power associated with the more successful macroeconomic variables concentrates around the Great Recession until 2015. They also generate the strongest signal of a decrease in the price of crude oil towards the end of 2008.
Long‐term swallowing, trismus, and speech outcomes after combined chemoradiotherapy and preventive rehabilitation for head and neck cancer; 10‐year plus update
Authors: Karsten Rebecca T. , van der Molen Lisette , Hamming‐Vrieze Olga , van Son Rob J. J. H. , Hilgers Frans J. M. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Stuiver Martijn M. , Smeele Ludi E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to explore the 10‐year plus outcomes of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy with concomitant chemotherapy (CRT) combined with preventive swallowing rehabilitation (CRT+) for head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsSubjective and objective swallowing, trismus, and speech related outcomes were assessed at 10‐year plus after CRT+. Outcomes were compared to previously published 6‐year results of the same cohort.ResultsFourteen of the 22 patients at 6‐year follow‐up were evaluable. Although objective swallowing‐related outcomes showed no deterioration (eg, no feeding tube dependency and no pneumonia), swallowing‐related quality of life slightly deteriorated over time. No patients had or perceived trismus. Voice and speech questionnaires showed little problems in daily life. Overall quality of life (QOL) was good.ConclusionsAfter CRT with preventive rehabilitation exercises for advanced HNC, swallowing, trismus, and speech related outcomes moderately deteriorated from 6 to 10 years, with an on average good overall QOL after.
Impact of Immune Response on Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Association With Vascular Formation
Authors: Itoh Shinji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Yugawa Kyohei , Imai Daisuke , Yoshiya Shohei , Takeishi Kazuki , Toshima Takeo , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Soejima Yuji , Kohashi Kenichi , Oda Yoshinao , Mori Masaki 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
We investigated the prognostic value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, tumor‐infiltrating CD8‐positive T‐cell status, and their combination in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their association with PD‐L1 expression and vascular formation was further explored.

Approach and Results
Using a database of 387 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC, immunohistochemical staining of PD‐L1, CD8, and CD34 was performed. Additionally, we undertook an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for soluble PD‐L1. Compared with patients with HCC and PD‐L1–negative expression (n = 311), patients with HCC and PD‐L1–positive expression (n = 76) showed significantly worse overall survival (OS; multivariate hazard ratio, 2.502; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.716‐3.649; P < 0.0001). The presence of tumor‐infiltrating CD8‐positive T cells was significantly correlated with longer OS (multivariate hazard ratio, 0.383; 95% CI, 0.274‐0.537; P < 0.0001). Stratification based on PD‐L1 expression in cancer cells and tumor‐infiltrating CD8‐positive T‐cell status was also significantly associated with OS (log‐rank, P < 0.0001). HCC with PD‐L1–positive expression was significantly correlated with positivity for vessels that encapsulated tumor clusters. Serum PD‐L1 levels were significantly higher in the group of patients who had PD‐L1–positive expression than in the group of patients who had PD‐L1–negative expression (P = 0.0158).

Conclusions
PD‐L1 expression in cancer cells was associated with a poor clinical outcome and vascular formation in patients with HCC. Additionally, the combination of PD‐L1 expression with tumor‐infiltrating CD8‐positive T‐cell status enabled further classification of patients based on their clinical outcome. Thus, PD‐L1 expression in cancer cells and tumor‐infiltrating CD8‐positive T‐cell status might serve as predictive tissue biomarkers.
Activation of Estrogen Receptor G Protein–Coupled Receptor 30 Enhances Cholesterol Cholelithogenesis in Female Mice
Authors: Wang Helen H. , de Bari Ornella , Arnatt Christopher K. , Liu Min , Portincasa Piero , Wang David Q.‐H. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
Estrogen is an important risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease because women are twice as likely as men to form gallstones. The classical estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not ERβ, in the liver plays a critical role in the formation of estrogen‐induced gallstones in female mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying the lithogenic effect of estrogen on gallstone formation have become more complicated with the identification of G protein–coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), an estrogen receptor.

Approach and Results
We investigated the biliary and gallstone phenotypes in ovariectomized female GPR30−/−, ERα−/−, and wild‐type mice injected intramuscularly with the potent GPR30‐selective agonist G‐1 at 0 or 1 μg/day and fed a lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. The activation of GPR30 by G‐1 enhanced cholelithogenesis by suppressing expression of cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase, the rate‐limiting enzyme for the classical pathway of bile salt synthesis. These metabolic abnormalities led to an increase in biliary cholesterol concentrations in company with hepatic hyposecretion of biliary bile salts, thereby inducing cholesterol‐supersaturated gallbladder bile and accelerating cholesterol crystallization. G‐1 also impairs gallbladder emptying, leading to sluggish gallbladder motility and promoting the development of biliary sludge in the early stage of gallstone formation. The prevalence rates of gallstones were 80% in wild‐type and ERα−/− mice treated with G‐1 compared to 10% in wild‐type mice receiving no G‐1. However, no gallstones were formed in GPR30−/− mice treated with G‐1.

Conclusions
GPR30 produces additional lithogenic actions, working independently of ERα, to increase susceptible to gallstone formation in female mice; both GPR30 and ERα are potential therapeutic targets for cholesterol gallstone disease, particularly in women and patients exposed to high levels of estrogen.
The rising relative and absolute incidence of uterine cancer in specific populations
Authors: Timoteo‐Liaina Ianeta , Khozaim Kareem , Chen Yi‐Ju A. , Buenconsejo‐Lum Lee , Arslan Alan A. , Matthews Roland , Del Priore Giuseppe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the contemporary incidence of cancers using American Samoa as a learning set for insights into similar populations.MethodsA retrospective observational analysis of de‐identified data held in public‐access databases (2004–2014) and data on uterine cancer from a hospital, both in American Samoa (2015–2016).ResultsThere were 341 new cases of cancer in 2004–2014 (111 per 100 000 women/year), including breast (20.2%), uterine (19.4%), and cervical (5.0%); and 287 in 2011–2015 (103 per 100 000 women/year), including uterine (24.0%), breast (18.5%), and cervical (5.2%). Uterine cancer increased from 21.4 to 60.3 per 100 000 women/year, becoming the most common cancer in American Samoa. In 2011–2015, the incidence‐rate ratio of uterine cancer to other cancers in American Samoa was 1.3‐, 3.8‐, 4.6‐, 7.7‐, and 23‐fold higher than breast, colon, cervical, ovarian, and lung cancer, respectively. Among the most recent cases (n=33), median age was 55 years (10 [30.3%] <50 years), median BMI was 38.2; and 11 (33.3%) cases had grade 3 histology.ConclusionThe pattern of cancers in American Samoa differs from that in the US mainland. The findings reflect significant changes in cancer incidence. Cancer control programs should evaluate the potential of uterine screening in accordance with their community's needs and characteristics.