bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of an application aid for less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA)
Authors: Maiwald Christian Achim , Neuberger Patrick , Franz Axel R , Engel Corinna , Vochem Matthias , Poets Christian F 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundLess-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is increasingly used. We investigated the feasibility of a new LISA-device (Neofact®) in neonates.DesignProspective observational pilot study with open-label LISA in two tertiary neonatal intensive care units.Patients20 infants with a gestational age of ≥26+0/7 weeks and an indication for LISA (Respiratory Severity Score (RSS)≥5 or fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≥0.30). Infants with respiratory tract malformations or unavailability of an instructed neonatologist were excluded.Main outcome measuresSuccess of LISA, defined as laryngoscopy-confirmed intratracheal catheter position or a decrease in FiO2 by ≥0.05 or to 0.21, accompanied by an RSS decrease of ≥2; number of attempts needed for tracheal catheterisation.Results20/57 screened infants were enrolled. Successful application occurred in 19/20 (95%). One application failed after three attempts. No device-related adverse events occurred. The median number of attempts was 2, success rate per attempt 19/31 (61%).ConclusionLISA via Neofact® appears feasible.
Acute on-snow severe injury events in elite alpine ski racing from 1997 to 2019: the Injury Surveillance System of the Austrian Ski Federation
Authors: Barth Michael , Platzer Hans-Peter , Giger Anton , Nachbauer Werner , Schröcksnadel Peter 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe study aimed to (1) determine the incidence and gender-specific risk ratio of acute on-snow severe injury events (SIE) in elite alpine ski racing, (2) examine the development of SIE over 22 seasons, and (3) analyse SIE with respect to the severely injured body parts and structures.MethodsData recorded in the Austrian Ski Federation’s Injury Surveillance System over 22 seasons were analysed. The Austrian Ski Team consists of four groups: Team National (n=477), Team A (n=444), Team B (n=696) and Team C (n=608). Team National and Team A comprised World Cup, Team B European Cup and Team C junior alpine ski racers. Simple and multiple Poisson regressions were calculated.ResultsThe SIE incidence was 15.7 (95% CI 14.2 to 17.5) per 100 skier seasons. ACL injury events accounted for 70.8% of severe knee injury events and 48.6% of SIE. The incidence of severe ACL injury events was 7.6 (95% CI 6.6 to 8.9). Female World Cup alpine ski racers had a 1.65 times (95% CI 1.02 to 2.69) higher risk of severe ACL injury events than their male counterparts.ConclusionThe incidence of acute on-snow SIE in World Cup alpine ski racing was higher than previously reported. Despite various prevention efforts, the average seasonal incidence of SIE in World and European Cup alpine ski racers has grown from approximately 11 in 1997 to 23 in 2019; thus with roughly one more injured athlete every second season.
Identification of new enterosynes using prebiotics: roles of bioactive lipids and mu-opioid receptor signalling in humans and mice
Authors: Abot Anne , Wemelle Eve , Laurens Claire , Paquot Adrien , Pomie Nicolas , Carper Deborah , Bessac Arnaud , Mas Orea Xavier , Fremez Christophe , Fontanie Maxime , Lucas Alexandre , Lesage Jean , Everard Amandine , Meunier Etienne , Dietrich Gilles , Muccioli Giulio G , Moro Cedric , Cani Patrice D , Knauf Claude 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a key role in controlling the gut-brain axis under normal and pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. The discovery of intestinal actors, such as enterosynes, able to modulate the ENS-induced duodenal contraction is considered an innovative approach. Among all the intestinal factors, the understanding of the role of gut microbes in controlling glycaemia is still developed. We studied whether the modulation of gut microbiota by prebiotics could permit the identification of novel enterosynes.DesignWe measured the effects of prebiotics on the production of bioactive lipids in the intestine and tested the identified lipid on ENS-induced contraction and glucose metabolism. Then, we studied the signalling pathways involved and compared the results obtained in mice to human.ResultsWe found that modulating the gut microbiota with prebiotics modifies the actions of enteric neurons, thereby controlling duodenal contraction and subsequently attenuating hyperglycaemia in diabetic mice. We discovered that the signalling pathway involved in these effects depends on the synthesis of a bioactive lipid 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and the presence of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) on enteric neurons. Using pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated the key role of the MOR receptors and proliferator-activated receptor γ for the effects of 12-HETE. These findings are supported by human data showing a decreased expression of the proenkephalin and MOR messanger RNAs in the duodenum of patients with diabetic.ConclusionsUsing a prebiotic approach, we identified enkephalin and 12-HETE as new enterosynes with potential real beneficial and safety impact in diabetic human.
Effect of resolvins on sensitisation of TRPV1 and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS
Authors: Perna Eluisa , Aguilera-Lizarraga Javier , Florens Morgane V , Jain Piyush , Theofanous Stavroula A , Hanning Nikita , De Man Joris G , Berg Maya , De Winter Benedicte , Alpizar Yeranddy A , Talavera Karel , Vanden Berghe Pieter , Wouters Mira , Boeckxstaens Guy 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveResolvins (RvD1, RvD2 and RvE1) are endogenous anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that display potent analgesic properties in somatic pain by modulating transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation. To what extent these molecules could also have a beneficial effect on TRPV1 sensitisation and visceral hypersensitivity (VHS), mechanisms involved in IBS, remains unknown.DesignThe effect of RvD1, RvD2 and RvE1 on TRPV1 activation and sensitisation by histamine or IBS supernatants was assessed on murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using live Ca2+imaging. Based on the results obtained in vitro, we further studied the effect of RvD2 in vivo using a murine model of post-infectious IBS and a rat model of post-inflammatory VHS. Finally, we also tested the effect of RvD2 on submucosal neurons in rectal biopsies of patients with IBS.ResultsRvD1, RvD2 and RvE1 prevented histamine-induced TRPV1 sensitisation in DRG neurons at doses devoid of an analgesic effect. Of note, RvD2 also reversed TRPV1 sensitisation by histamine and IBS supernatant. This effect was blocked by the G protein receptor 18 (GPR18) antagonist O-1918 (3–30 µM) and by pertussis toxin. In addition, RvD2 reduced the capsaicin-induced Ca2+response of rectal submucosal neurons of patients with IBS. Finally, treatment with RvD2 normalised pain responses to colorectal distention in both preclinical models of VHS.ConclusionsOur data suggest that RvD2 and GPR18 agonists may represent interesting novel compounds to be further evaluated as treatment for IBS.
Socioeconomic inequalities across life and premature mortality from 1971 to 2016: findings from three British birth cohorts born in 1946, 1958 and 1970
Authors: Fluharty Meg E , Hardy Rebecca , Ploubidis George , Pongiglione Benedetta , Bann David 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionDisadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) in early and adult life has been repeatedly associated with premature mortality. However, it is unclear whether these inequalities differ across time, nor if they are consistent across different SEP indicators.MethodsBritish birth cohorts born in 1946, 1958 and 1970 were used, and multiple SEP indicators in early and adult life were examined. Deaths were identified via national statistics or notifications. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate associations between ridit scored SEP indicators and all-cause mortality risk—from 26 to 43 years (n=40 784), 26 to 58 years (n=35 431) and 26 to 70 years (n=5353).ResultsMore disadvantaged SEP was associated with higher mortality risk—magnitudes of association were similar across cohort and each SEP indicator. For example, HRs (95% CI) from 26 to 43 years comparing lowest to highest paternal social class were 2.74 (1.02 to 7.32) in 1946c, 1.66 (1.03 to 2.69) in 1958c, and 1.94 (1.20 to 3.15) in 1970c. Paternal social class, adult social class and housing tenure were each independently associated with mortality risk.ConclusionsSocioeconomic circumstances in early and adult life show persisting associations with premature mortality from 1971 to 2016, reaffirming the need to address socioeconomic factors across life to reduce inequalities in survival to older age.
Point mutation inCD19facilitates immune escape of B cell lymphoma from CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chen Xinfeng , Tian Yonggui , Li Feng , Zhao Xuan , Liu Jinyan , Yao Chang , Zhang Yi 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundTumor relapse due to mutation inCD19can hinder the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Herein, we focused on lymphoma patients whose B cells exhibited a point mutation inCD19of B cells after CAR-T cell infusion.MethodsThe CAR-T and CD19+B cells from peripheral blood or bone marrow were assessed using flow cytometry. Genome sequencing was conducted to identify the molecular characteristics of CAR-T and CD19+B cells from pre-relapse and postrelapse samples. CD19 in CARs comprising single chain fragments variable (scFV) antibody with FMC63 or 21D4 was constructed. The cytotoxic efficacy of CAR-T cells was also evaluated via in vitro and in vivo experiments.ResultsA patient with high-grade B cell lymphoma exhibited complete response, but the lymphoma relapsed in her left breast at 6 months afterCD19CAR (FMC63)-T cell infusion. A mutation was found in exon 3 ofCD19(p.163. R-L) in malignant B cells of the patient. In two lymphoma patients who exhibited resistance to CAR-T cell therapy, a mutation was detected in exon 3 ofCD19(p.174. L-V). Functional analysis revealed that FMC63 CAR-T cells exhibited antitumor ability against wild-type CD19+cells but were unable to eradicate these two types of mutated CD19+cells. Interestingly, 21D4 CAR-T cells were potentially capable of eradicating these mutated CD19+cells and exhibiting high antitumor capacity against CD19+cells with loss of exon 1, 2, or 3.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that point mutation can facilitate immune escape from CAR-T cell therapy and that alternative CAR-T cells can effectively eradicate the mutated B cells, providing an individualized therapeutic approach for lymphoma patients showing relapse.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among occupational fishermen: a systematic literature review
Authors: Nørgaard Remmen Line , Fromsejer Heiberg Regina , Høyrup Christiansen David , Herttua Kimmo , Berg-Beckhoff Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCommercial fishing constitutes an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), as it consists of heavy workloads and uncontrollable strenuous settings. The aims of this systematic review were to describe the prevalence of MSD among occupational fishermen and to identify risk factors for onset work-related MSD.MethodsAll studies investigating MSD in occupational fishermen were systematically identified and reviewed. Searched databases were PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Two independent researchers performed the quality assessments of the studies.ResultsFrom 292 articles identified, 16 articles consisting of 13 studies were suitable for inclusion. Prevalence of overall MSD ranged from 15% to 93%. The only consistent work-related risk factor was ‘working part time’, while other risk factors, such as vessel and job type showed conflicting results.ConclusionMSDs in occupational fishermen are common across countries. Variations observed in MSD prevalence might be due to differences in methodology, populations and definitions of MSD. Evidence on work-related risk factors for MSD is sparse and most studies were of poor methodological quality. Only working part time was identified as a consistent risk factor for MSD possibly caused by a healthy worker effect. There is a need for investigating causality in longitudinal studies, including both active and retired fishermen to better understand the complexity of MSD.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020147318
Self-reported disposal of leftover opioids among US adults 50–80
Authors: Harbaugh Calista M , Malani Preeti , Solway Erica , Kirch Matthias , Singer Dianne , Englesbe Michael J , Brummett Chad M , Waljee Jennifer F 
Published: October 2020

Objective
To test the association between self-reported opioid disposal education and self-reported disposal of leftover opioids among older adults.

Design
Web-based survey from the National Poll on Healthy Aging (March 2018) using population-based weighting for nationally representative estimates.

Subjects
Older adults aged 50–80 years who reported filling an opioid prescription within the past 2 years.

Methods
Respondents were asked whether they received education from a prescriber or pharmacist on how to dispose of leftover opioids and whether they disposed of leftover opioids from recent prescriptions. The association between self-reported opioid disposal education and self-reported disposal of leftover opioids was estimated with multivariable logistic regression, testing for interactions with respondent demographics.

Results
Among 2013 respondents (74% response rate), 596 (28.9% (26.8%–31.2%)) were prescribed opioids within the past 2 years. Education on opioid disposal was reported by 40.1% of respondents (35.8%–44.5%). Among 295 respondents with leftover medication, 19.0% (14.6%–24.5%) disposed of the leftover medications. Opioid disposal education was associated with a greater likelihood of self-reported disposal of leftover opioids among non-white respondents as compared with white non-Hispanic respondents (36.7% (16.8%–56.6%) vs 7.8% (0.1%–15.6%), p<0.01).

Conclusions
In this nationally representative survey, 49% had leftover opioids, yet only 20% of older adults reported disposal of leftover opioids. Opioid disposal education was variable in delivery, but was associated with disposal behaviors among certain populations. Strategies to promote disposal should integrate patient education on the risks of leftover opioid medications and explore additional barriers to accessing opioid disposal methods.
Virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes strains recovered from pigs in Spain
Authors: Gómez‐Laguna Jaime , Cardoso‐Toset Fernando , Meza‐Torres Jazmín , Pizarro‐Cerdá Javier , Quereda Juan J 
Published: October 2020

Background
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes listeriosis, an infectious disease in animals and people, with pigs acting as asymptomatic reservoirs. In August 2019 an outbreak associated with the consumption of pork meat caused 222 human cases of listeriosis in Spain. Determining the diversity as well as the virulence potential of strains from pigs is important to public health.MethodsThe behaviour of 23 L monocytogenes strains recovered from pig tonsils, meat and skin was compared by studying (1) internalin A, internalin B, listeriolysin O, actin assembly‐inducing protein and PrfA expression levels, and (2) their invasion and intracellular growth in eukaryotic cells.ResultsMarked differences were found in the expression of the selected virulence factors and the invasion and intracellular replication phenotypes of L monocytogenes strains. Strains obtained from meat samples and belonging to serotype 1/2a did not have internalin A anchored to the peptidoglycan. Some strains expressed higher levels of the studied virulence factors and invaded and replicated intracellularly more efficiently than an epidemic L monocytogenes reference strain (F2365).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the presence of virulent L monocytogenes strains with virulent potential in pigs, with valuable implications in veterinary medicine and food safety.
Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: three-dimensional remote sensing, four-dimensional analysis and visualization in geotechnical engineering — state of the art and outlook
Authors: Lato Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Successful geotechnical projects occur when the design is based on a thorough understanding of the geologic and environmental systems and the interaction of these systems over time. The ability to examine and track movement through space and time has been an essential part of the geoprofessional’s toolkit since the onset of the practice. Since the early 2000s, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) topographic data have begun to transform how we map and understand movement through time across spatially extensive regions at unprecedented levels of accuracy and confidence. This paper examines how high-resolution 3D topographical data, four-dimensional (4D) analysis, and visualization of data in 3D environments can improve our ability to better understand changes in the morphology and material behaviour through time, leading to better decisions and better outcomes. Evolution of advancements made over the past 20 years is presented through case studies where positive impacts were realized through the adoption of 3D remote sensing and 4D analysis, and cases where data could be used in the future to improve outcomes. The paper presents current research being done to further improve processing techniques and exploit new data collection and computational processing capabilities, pushing the capability of time-dependant 4D geotechnical monitoring to new limits.
MoO2 nanoparticles confined in N,P-codoped graphene aerogels with excellent pseudocapacitance performance
Authors: Chen Jianfa , Jin Tianxiang , Deng Hangchun , Huang Jie , Ren Guangyuan , Qian Yong 
Published: October 2020

In this work, MoO2@NPGA nanocomposites were successfully prepared via a simple hydrothermal and calcination route. The as-prepared MoO2@NPGA composites exhibit a synergistic effect between MoO2 and N,P-codoped graphene aerogels, which can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of the MoO2@NPGA electrodes. Moreover, the results also proved that the mass loading of MoO2 has a huge effect on the electrochemical properties of MoO2@NPGA composites. With an appropriate amount of MoO2, the MoO2@NPGA composite shows a high specific capacitance (335 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and excellent cycle stability (capacitance remains at 88% after 6000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor displays a high energy density of 23.75 W h kg−1 at a power density of 300 W kg−1 and can maintain an energy density of 17.1 W h kg−1 when the power density reaches up to 6005 W kg−1.
An EGD model in the background of embedding class I space–time
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Tello-Ortiz Francisco , Jasim M. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work is devoted to the study of relativistic anisotropic compact objects. To obtain this class of solutions of the Einstein field equations, we have developed a general scheme to generate the metric of the space–time describing the interior of the compact structure. This approach is based on the class I space–time and the extended gravitational decoupling by means of an extended geometric deformation (EGD). The class I condition provides a differential equation relating both metric potential $$\nu $$
ν
and $$\lambda $$
λ
, whilst the EGD translates the metric potentials to $$ \nu =\xi +\beta \,h(r)$$

ν
=
ξ
+
β

h
(
r
)

and $$ \lambda =-\ln [\mu +\beta \,f(r)]$$

λ
=
-
ln
[
μ
+
β

f
(
r
)
]

, where h(r) and f(r) are the deformation functions and $$\beta $$
β
a dimensionless constant. In this case the pair $$\{\xi ,\mu \}$$

{
ξ
,
μ
}

represents the seed solution satisfying the class I condition without any deformation. Once the deformed metric potentials are inserted into the class I, the main task is to obtain h(r) or f(r). So, in this case a particular ansatz for h(r) is considered in conjunction with $$\beta =0.5$$

β
=
0.5

to get f(r). In order to check feasibility of our model, we have performed a thoroughly physical, mathematical and graphical analysis.
A Novel Inhibitor of HSP70 Induces Mitochondrial Toxicity and Immune Cell Recruitment in Tumors
Authors: Barnoud Thibaut , Leung Jessica C. , Leu Julia I-Ju , Basu Subhasree , Poli Adi Narayana Reddy , Parris Joshua L.D. , Indeglia Alexandra , Martynyuk Tetyana , Good Madeline , Gnanapradeepan Keerthana , Sanseviero Emilio , Moeller Rebecca , Tang Hsin-Yao , Cassel Joel , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Liu Qin , Speicher David W. , Gabrilovich Dmitry I. , Salvino Joseph M. , George Donna L. , Murphy Maureen E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The protein chaperone HSP70 is overexpressed in many cancers including colorectal cancer, where overexpression is associated with poor survival. We report here the creation of a uniquely acting HSP70 inhibitor (HSP70i) that targets multiple compartments in the cancer cell, including mitochondria. This inhibitor was mitochondria toxic and cytotoxic to colorectal cancer cells, but not to normal colon epithelial cells. Inhibition of HSP70 was efficacious as a single agent in primary and metastatic models of colorectal cancer and enabled identification of novel mitochondrial client proteins for HSP70. In a syngeneic colorectal cancer model, the inhibitor increased immune cell recruitment into tumors. Cells treated with the inhibitor secreted danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), including ATP and HMGB1, and functioned effectively as a tumor vaccine. Interestingly, the unique properties of this HSP70i in the disruption of mitochondrial function and the inhibition of proteostasis both contributed to DAMP release. This HSP70i constitutes a promising therapeutic opportunity in colorectal cancer and may exhibit antitumor activity against other tumor types.

Significance:
These findings describe a novel HSP70i that disrupts mitochondrial proteostasis, demonstrating single-agent efficacy that induces immunogenic cell death in treated tumors.
Fructose Promotes Cytoprotection in Melanoma Tumors and Resistance to Immunotherapy
Authors: Kuehm Lindsey M. , Khojandi Niloufar , Piening Alexander , Klevorn Lauryn E. , Geraud Simone C. , McLaughlin Nicole R. , Griffett Kristine , Burris Thomas P. , Pyles Kelly D. , Nelson Afton M. , Preuss Mary L. , Bockerstett Kevin A. , Donlin Maureen J. , McCommis Kyle S. , DiPaolo Richard J. , Teague Ryan M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy relies on the empowerment of the immune system to fight cancer. Why some patients fail to achieve durable clinical responses is not well understood, but unique individual factors such as diet, obesity, and related metabolic syndrome could play a role. The link between obesity and patient outcomes remains controversial and has been mired by conflicting reports and limited mechanistic insight. We addressed this in a C57BL/6 mouse model of diet-induced obesity using a Western diet high in both fats and sugars. Obese mice bearing B16 melanoma or MC38 carcinoma tumors had impaired immune responses to immunotherapy and a reduced capacity to control tumor progression. Unexpectedly, these compromised therapeutic outcomes were independent of body mass and, instead, were directly attributed to dietary fructose. Melanoma tumors in mice on the high-fructose diet were resistant to immunotherapy and showed increased expression of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This increase in HO-1 protein was recapitulated in human A375 melanoma cells exposed to fructose in culture. Induced expression of HO-1 shielded tumor cells from immune-mediated killing and was critical for resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, which could be overcome in vivo using a small-molecule inhibitor of HO-1. This study reveals dietary fructose as a driver of tumor immune evasion, identifying HO-1 expression as a mechanism of resistance and a promising molecular target for combination cancer immunotherapy.
See article by Khojandi et al., p. 214