bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal evaluation of central and peripheral alterations in Stargardt disease: a pilot study
Authors: Arrigo Alessandro , Grazioli Alessio , Romano Francesco , Aragona Emanuela , Marchese Alessandro , Bordato Alessandro , Di Nunzio Carlo , Sperti Andrea , Bandello Francesco , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia 
Published: November 2019

Background
The clinical phenotype of Stargardt disease (STGD) can be extremely heterogeneous, with variable macular and peripheral retinal involvement. The study aim was to correlate peripheral ultrawide field (UWF) involvement with macular alterations, as assessed by structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), in order to identify potentially different phenotypes.

Methods
The study involved patients with STGD and healthy controls. We performed a complete ophthalmologic assessment and multimodal imaging, including OCT, OCTA, fundus autofluorescence and UWF imaging. Patients with STGD were subdivided according to the peripheral involvement. OCT and OCTA quantitative parameters were analysed. The main outcome of the study was the classification of UWF subtypes and the correlation between UWF subtypes and macular involvement.

Results
Seventy STGD eyes (19 male; mean age 41.3±13.2 years) and 70 healthy eyes (35 male; 50%; mean age 41.2±9.8 years) were included in the analyses. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.60±0.45 LogMAR for the STGD group and 0.0±0.0 LogMAR for controls (p<0.01). All clinical and imaging findings proved to be statistically worse in patients with STGD than in the control subjects (p<0.01). UWF types were distributed as follows: type I (49%), type II (34%), type III (17%). Type III patients proved to be significantly worse in terms of visual function and OCT and OCTA imaging parameters.

Conclusions
The UWF autofluorescence performed in the present study suggests that there exist three different STGD phenotypes. Each phenotype is associated with variable OCT and OCTA impairment. Further studies providing a better assessment of the peripheral retinal involvement in STGD are warranted.
Does telephone-delivered exercise advice and support by physiotherapists improve pain and/or function in people with knee osteoarthritis? Telecare randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hinman Rana S , Campbell Penny K , Lawford Belinda J , Briggs Andrew M , Gale Janette , Bills Caroline , Kasza Jessica , Harris Anthony , French Simon D , Bunker Stephen J , Forbes Andrew , Bennell Kim L 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveEvaluate a physiotherapist-led telephone-delivered exercise advice and support intervention for people with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsParticipant-blinded, assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial. 175 people were randomly allocated to (1) existing telephone service (≥1 nurse consultation for self-management advice) or (2) exercise advice and support (5–10 consultations with a physiotherapist trained in behaviour change for a personalised strengthening and physical activity programme) plus the existing service. Primary outcomes were overall knee pain (Numerical Rating Scale, range 0–10) and physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, range 0–68) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes, cost-effectiveness and 12-month follow-up were included.Results165 (94%) and 158 (90%) participants were retained at 6 and 12 months, respectively. At 6 months, exercise advice and support resulted in greater improvement in function (mean difference 4.7 (95% CI 1.0 to 8.4)), but not overall pain (0.7, 0.0 to 1.4). Eight of 14 secondary outcomes favoured exercise advice and support at 6 months, including pain on daily activities, walking pain, pain self-efficacy, global improvements across multiple domains (overall improvement, improved pain, improved function and improved physical activity) and satisfaction. By 12 months, most outcomes were similar between groups. Exercise advice and support cost $A514/participant and did not save other health service resources.ConclusionTelephone-delivered physiotherapist-led exercise advice and support modestly improved physical function but not the co-primary outcome of knee pain at 6 months. Functional benefits were not sustained at 12 months. The clinical significance of this effect is uncertain.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (#12616000054415).
The care and transport of trauma victims by layperson emergency medical systems: a qualitative study in Delhi, India
Authors: Bhalla Kavi , Sriram Veena , Arora Radhika , Ahuja Richa , Varghese Mathew , Agrawal Girish , Tiwari Geetam , Mohan Dinesh 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAmbulance-based emergency medical systems (EMS) are expensive and remain rare in low- and middle-income countries, where trauma victims are usually transported to hospital by passing vehicles. Recent developments in transportation network technologies could potentially disrupt this status quo by allowing coordinated emergency response from layperson networks. We sought to understand the barriers to bystander assistance for trauma victims in Delhi, India, and implications for a layperson-EMS.MethodsWe used qualitative methods to analyse data from 50 interviews with frontline stakeholders (including taxi drivers, medical professionals, legal experts and police), one stakeholder consultation and a review of documents.ResultsRespondents noted that most trauma victims in Delhi are rapidly brought to hospital by bystanders, taxis and police. While ambulances are common, they are primarily used for interfacility transfers. Entrenched medico-legal practices result in substantial police presence at the hospital, which is a major source of harassment of good Samaritans and interferes with patient care. Trauma victims are often turned away by for-profit hospitals due to their inability to pay, leading to delays in treatment. Recent policy efforts to circumscribe the role of police and force for-profit hospitals to stabilise patients appear to have been unsuccessful.ConclusionsExisting healthcare and medico-legal practices in India create large systemic impediments to improving trauma outcomes. Until India’s ongoing health and transport sector reforms succeed in ensuring that for-profit hospitals reliably provide care, good Samaritans and layperson-EMS providers should take victims with uncertain financial means to public facilities. To avoid difficulties with police, providers of a layperson-EMS would likely need official police sanction and carry visible symbols of their authority to provide emergency transport. Delhi already has several key components of an EMS (including dispatcher coordinated police response, large ambulance fleet) that could be integrated and expanded into a complete system of emergency care.
Intra-hospital complications in acute traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Leite Victor Figueiredo , Souza Daniel Rubio de , Imamura Marta , Battistella Linamara Rizzo 
Published: November 2019

There is scarce data about intra-hospital complications in acute traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Objective: To report characteristics of complications in patients with TSCI in a major trauma center. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with 434 patients with acute TSCI from 2004 to 2014. Outcomes were frequency and description of complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), and causes of increased LOS. Results: Patients presented at least 1 complication in 82.2% of the cases: urinary tract infection (UTI) = 64.4%, pressure ulcers (PU) = 50.6%, and pneumonia = 23.7%. Pneumonia, intubation and cases of surgical corrections for PU were independently associated with increased LOS. Conclusion: UTIs and PUs were the most frequent complications. Investigating its causes and consequences is paramount in the care of patients with SCI. Possible reasons for such complications could comprise time, and frequency of repositioning in bed. Investigating intra-hospital complications is paramount in SCI centers.
Endothelial Cell–Derived Interleukin-18 Released During Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Selectively Expands T Peripheral Helper Cells to Promote Alloantibody Production
Authors: Liu Lufang , Fang Caodi , Fu Whitney , Jiang Bo , Li Guangxin , Qin Lingfeng , Rosenbluth Jacob , Gong Gavin , Xie Catherine B. , Yoo Peter , Tellides George , Pober Jordan S. , Jane-wit Dan 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) predisposes to the formation of donor-specific antibodies, a factor contributing to chronic rejection and late allograft loss.

Methods:
We describe a mechanism underlying the correlative association between IRI and donor-specific antibodies by using humanized models and patient specimens.

Results:

IRI induces immunoglobulin M–dependent complement activation on endothelial cells that assembles an NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome via a Rab5-ZFYVE21-NIK axis and upregulates ICOS-L (inducible costimulator ligand) and PD-L2 (programmed death ligand 2). Endothelial cell–derived interleukin-18 (IL-18) selectively expands a T-cell population (CD4+CD45RO+PD-1
hi
ICOS+CCR2+CXCR5–) displaying features of recently described T peripheral helper cells. This population highly expressed IL-18R1 and promoted donor-specific antibodies in response to IL-18 in vivo. In patients with delayed graft function, a clinical manifestation of IRI, these cells were Ki-67+IL-18R1+ and could be expanded ex vivo in response to IL-18.

Conclusions:
IRI promotes elaboration of IL-18 from endothelial cells to selectively expand alloreactive IL-18R1+ T peripheral helper cells in allograft tissues to promote donor-specific antibody formation.
The Politics of Literary Value in Early Modernist Arabic Comparative Literary Criticism
Authors: Alfaisal Haifa S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The modernist epistemic disconnect from the “medieval Islamic republic of letters,” Muhsin al-Musawi argues, is attributable both to the incursion of Enlightenment-infused European discourse and a failure to read the import of the republic’s significant cultural capital. This article explores the effects of Eurocentric incursions on transformations in literary value in two of the earliest known works of comparative Arabic literary criticism: Rūḥī al-Khālidī’s Tārīkh ʿilm al-adab ʿind al-ifranj wa-l-ʿarab wa-fiktūr hūkū (The History of the Science of Literature of the Franks, the Arabs, and Victor Hugo, 1902) and Aḥmad Ḍayf’s Muqaddimah li-dirāsat balāghat al-ʿarab (Introduction to the Study of Arab balāghah, 1921). I employ the various theoretical formulations of the decolonial school of thought, primarily Walter Mignolo’s coloniality/modernity complex, in tracing these epistemological shifts in literary value and focus on the internalization of Eurocentric critiques of Arabic literary capital. I also discuss the politics involved in such processes, presenting a decolonial perspective on these modernists’ engagement with their Arabic critical heritage.
Le concept d’adab est-il dérivé du mot daʾb ? : retour sur une hypothèse ancienne de Vollers et Nallino
Authors: Natij Salah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The following remarks intend to re-examine the linguistic-epistemic relationship that Arabists have been accustomed to establishing between the terms adab and daʾb since Vollers and Nallino. I propose in this study to return to the hypothesis of Vollers and Nallino in order to examine the validity of the link of linguistic-epistemic descent between the words daʾb and adab. We believe that the establishment of this relationship of parentage and linguistic kinship between these two terms constitutes a real epistemological obstacle that prevents us from understanding and defining the concept of adab in a way that is both fair and complex. It is the purpose of this paper therefore to reconsider this question by proposing an analysis that attempts to show how and why the term daʾb and the concept adab refer to two different domains of experience and proceed from two different and separate thought systems.
Empathy, Emotion, and Environment in Alternative Australian Landscape Cinema: The Case of Rabbit-Proof Fence
Authors: Weik von Mossner Alexa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article aims to complement contextual analyses of the political, ideological and commercial uses of natural environments in Australian landscape cinema by exploring from a cognitive perspective exactly how such environments are foregrounded in ways that affect viewers’ emotional relationships to both characters and the environments themselves. Phillip Noyce’s Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002) serves as an example of a film that aims for a realistic portrayal of the physical hardship of the Australian outback, while also using that cinematic environment strategically to reinforce viewers’ emotional attachment to its young heroines and, ultimately, to push a political argument that runs counter to the conservative national ideology that informs much of traditional Australian landscape cinema.
The Municipal Pool in Australia: Emotional Geography and Affective Intensities
Authors: Rossiter Penelope 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In many Australian communities, outdoor municipal pools are much loved yet constantly threatened with closure. Threats of closure inspire impassioned responses and it is clear that these seasonal pools offer much more than physical infrastructure. At first glance, the concept of ‘emotional geography’ seems to capture this ‘more’, and this essay, based on research at one such pool, demonstrates how pools afford sociality, embodied experiences and practices of emplacement that emotionally connect people to each other, to nature and to an imagined historical community. However, participants’ narratives also revealed affective intensities, and multisensory evocations of place and self synchronically encountered, that the concept of ‘emotional geography’ cannot capture. To understand the cultural meaning and personal significance of seasonal pools in Australia, we have to feel our way through the placial folding of affective intensities and emotional lives.
Written in Stone? Creative Strategies for Struggling with Fate in Chinese Character Divination (cezi 測字)
Authors: Schmiedl Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes how fate is understood in imperial Chinese anecdotes on character divination (cezi 測字). It demonstrates that character divination, due to its qualities as a script-based method, allows the protagonists of divination anecdotes to intervene creatively in the predictive process. The protagonists use this opportunity to seize agency and attempt to influence or change their fate through different strategies. The paper explores these strategies in detail. To transform the outcome of the predictions, protagonists make use of apotropaism, repetition, mimesis, name changing, and the interpretative techniques of diviners. This paper contributes to the study of the notion of fate in imperial China by proving the unique role of character divination. It shows that in anecdotes on character divination, unlike in many other divinatory methods, fate is presented as determined. Even though protagonists attempt to assume agency over their fate, they ultimately fail. In Chinese character divination, fate is written in stone.
Evaluating Errors in Gamma-Function Representations of the Raindrop Size Distribution: A Method for Determining the Optimal Parameter Set for Use in Bulk Microphysics Schemes
Authors: Shan Yunpeng , Wilcox Eric M. , Gao Lan , Lin Lin , Mitchell David L. , Yin Yan , Zhao Tianliang , Zhang Lei , Shi Hongrong , Gao Meng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSignificant uncertainty lies in representing the rain droplet size distribution (DSD) in bulk cloud microphysics schemes and in the derivation of parameters of the function fit to the spectrum from the varying moments of a DSD. Here we evaluate the suitability of gamma distribution functions (GDFs) for fitting rain DSDs against observed disdrometer data. Results illustrate that double-parameter GDFs with prescribed or diagnosed positive spectral shape parameters μ fit rain DSDs better than the Marshall–Palmer distribution function (with μ = 0). The relative errors of fitting the spectrum moments (especially high-order moments) decrease by an order of magnitude [from O(102) to O(101)]. Moreover, introduction of a triple-parameter GDF with mathematically solved μ decreases the relative errors to O(100). Based on further investigation of potential combinations of the three prognostic moments for triple-moment cloud microphysical schemes, it is found that the GDF with parameters determined from predictions of the zeroth, third, and fourth moments (the 034 GDF) exhibits the best fit to rain DSDs compared to other moment combinations. Therefore, we suggest that the 034 prognostic moment group should replace the widely accepted 036 group to represent rain DSDs in triple-moment cloud microphysics schemes. An evaluation of the capability of GDFs to represent rain DSDs demonstrates that 034 GDF exhibits accurate fits to all observed DSDs except for rarely occurring extremely wide spectra from heavy precipitation and extremely narrow spectra from drizzle. The knowledge gained from this assessment can also be used to improve cloud microphysics retrieval schemes and data assimilation.
Cervical screening in Western Kazakhstan: Liquid-based cytology ‘Cell Scan’ versus azur-eosin staining
Authors: Balmagambetova Saule , Gabutti Giovanni , Koyshybaev Arip , Acuti Martellucci Cecilia , Urazayev Olzhas , Sakiyeva Kanshaiym , Bekova Karlygash 
Published: November 2019

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the current cervical cancer screening tools in Western Kazakhstan. Methods Smears taken through (i) conventional cytology using azur-eosin staining and (ii) liquid-based cytology (LBC) ‘Cell Scan’ in the general female population and in women first diagnosed with cervical cancer were collected throughout the region. ROC-analysis with curve construction and weighted Cohen's κ calculation were applied. A total of 494 cytological pairs were collected, including 94 sets with histology findings. Results The conventional (azur-eosin staining) technique contained 0.2% non-informative material and LBC ‘Cell Scan’ had 5.9%. Area under the curve was 0.95 for the conventional technique and 0.92 for ‘Cell Scan’ ( p > 0.05). The conventional smears showed κ 0.62, sensitivity 90.4% at specificity 90.0% for CIN2+, while LBC ‘Cell Scan’ smears showed κ 0.47, sensitivity 83.3% at specificity 92.5%. Conclusions In this analysis it was not possible to prove that the LBC ‘Cell Scan’ technique was superior to its predecessor, azur-eosin staining. These findings highlight the need to modify the current screening programme according to updated international scientific evidence on effective screening design, such as the use of HPV DNA testing with Pap smear triage in women aged 30 or older. Further research, and a Health Technology Assessment, are necessary if we wish to establish a national standardized screening programme using the available technology appropriately.
Cultural influence on mindful eating: traditions and values as experienced by Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white parents of elementary-school children
Authors: Méndez Rocio , Goto Keiko , Song Chunyan , Giampaoli Joan , Karnik Gauri , Wylie Alyson 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To examine perceptions of mindful eating and mindful food parenting among parents of elementary school children. Methods: Four focus groups were conducted with 19 Mexican-American parents and 13 non-Hispanic white parents of children from a northern California elementary school. Results: Themes emerging from this research included food traditions during mealtime, perceptions of mindful eating, mindful food parenting and portion control, mindful food parenting practices through gardening, and mindful food parenting with traditional foods. Mexican-American participants identified cooking traditional foods as an important part of their mindful eating and food parenting practices. Mexican-American participants also highlighted the importance of using their senses to appreciate food. Both Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white participants emphasized the importance of involving children in gardening and meal preparation. Mexican-American parents had different perceptions of food portion control than the non-Hispanic white participants. Conclusions: The current study indicates the importance of mindfulness in broad food-related practices such as gardening, cooking and preserving food traditions in mindful eating practices. More research is needed to further understand how culture shapes and impacts these food practices among different cultural groups.
Clearance of human native, proteinase-complexed, and proteolytically inactivated C1-inhibitor in rats
Authors: de Smet BJ , de Boer JP , Agterberg J , Rigter G , Bleeker WK , Hack CE 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C1-inhibitor is the only known inhibitor of the classical pathway of complement and the major inhibitor of the contact pathway of coagulation. Like other serine proteinase inhibitors, C1-inhibitor can exist in three conformations, ie, the native, the proteinase-complexed, and the proteolytically inactivated form. Here we studied the plasma elimination kinetics of these three forms of human C1-inhibitor in rats. The clearance of the complexed form of C1-inhibitor appeared to be the most rapid and depended in part on the proteinase involved (observed plasma t1/2 was 20 minutes for C1s-C1-inhibitor, 32 minutes for kallikrein-C1-inhibitor, and 47 minutes for beta XIIa-C1- inhibitor), whereas that of native C1-inhibitor was the slowest (observed plasma t1/2 4.5 hours). Inactivated C1-inhibitor was cleared with an apparent plasma t1/2 of 1.6 hours. Thus, the short plasma t1/2 of complexed relative to native C1-inhibitor explains why in patients only low concentrations of C1-inhibitor complexes may be observed despite activation of the contact and/or complement systems.