bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estereótipos básicos e estereótipos opostos: Representações do dialeto caipira em discursos institucionais e científicos
Authors: De Araujo Lígia Mara Boin Menossi , Ruiz Marco Antonio Almeida 
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, com base na dimensão representacional da linguística popular, proposta por Achard-Bayle e Paveau (2008), inicialmente, objetivamos testar a fecundidade da teoria dos estereótipos básicos e opostos, proposta por Possenti (2010) em discursos de diferentes campos, produzidos sobre o dialeto caipira. Na sequência, refletimos como essa teoria brasileira de discurso poderia contribuir para o burilamento do olhar sobre esse dialeto no ensino e, por conseguinte, compreender a circulação do estereótipo do caipira em nossa sociedade. Com base nesses objetivos, mobilizamos como corpus de análise, primeiramente um conjunto de enunciados postados em site oficial, destinado a professores de língua portuguesa. Tais enunciados constituem um plano de aula que tem como temática o caipira e seu dialeto. Como corpus auxiliar, frequentamos também alguns dos discursos científicos provenientes dos estudos do Projeto História do Português Paulista, o Projeto Caipira que, nas últimas décadas, produziu trabalhos que buscam a desmistificação do estereótipo do caipira como um sujeito matuto ou ingênuo, bobo ou inteligente etc.
Architecture in Black
Authors: Fields Darell Wayne 
Published: January 2020

Based on analysis of historical, philosophical, and semiotic texts, Architecture in Black presents a systematic examination of the theoretical relationship between architecture and blackness. Now updated, this original study draws on a wider range of case studies, highlighting the racial techniques that can legitimize modern historicity, philosophy and architectural theory.
Arguing that architecture, as an aesthetic practice, and blackness, as a linguistic practice, operate within the same semiotic paradigm, Darell Fields employs a technique whereby works are related through the repetition and revision of their semiotic structures. Fields reconstructs the genealogy of a black racial subject, represented by the simultaneous reading of a range of canonical texts from Hegel to Saussure to Henry Louis Gates, Jr.
Combining an historical survey of racial discourse with new readings resulting from advanced semiotic techniques doubling as spatial arrangements, Architecture in Black is an important contribution to studies of the racial in Western thought and its impact on architecture, space and time.
When the Westboro Baptist Church Came to Vassar College: A Quixotic Story of Foot Washing, Activist Pedagogy, and the Secular Liberal Arts
Authors: Kahn Jonathon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn 2013, the Westboro Baptist Church announced plans to picket Vassar College. This article recounts the quixotic attempt by student activists and myself to organize an embodied and affective form of counter-protest: a campus-wide act of foot-washing. Students were drawn to foot-washing because it represented an alternative model of knowledge formation based on awakening the affects of interaction and not achieving rational sovereignty. Despite failing, an urgent pedagogical case remains for reimagining ethical relations on campus. In light of the current political climate, the challenges of higher education may well be in engaging feelings that pass along campus affective circuits.
Science, Technology, and the Religious Imagination in Modern Europe and America: An Inquiry
Authors: White Christopher 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article points to the surprising role of secular scientific ideas in stimulating new metaphors and ways of thinking about religious concepts. It examines three cases during the last century in Europe and America—how religious people selectively used ideas about electricity, how they re-purposed ideas related to higher-dimensional space, and how they deployed uncanny ideas in quantum mechanics. It shows that many have used these scientific ideas to work themselves out of religious systems they no longer understood, get leverage against dominant ideologies that they found vexing, or develop new, enchanted views of the universe around them.
Sharia in het Westen (I)
Authors: Berger Maurits S. 
Published: January 2020

Sharia in the West (I)
The notion of ‘sharia in the West’ is by now fairly well established, both in social, political and scientific circles, but both the terms ‘sharia’ and ‘West’ remain difficult to define. It is therefore striking that the combination of these two terms is used with such self-evidence. This article wants to answer the question: what exactly is the sharia that Western Muslims arguably want, and how is this sharia received in the West? To this end, a model is presented that provides a description of the complex interaction between sharia as practiced by Western Muslims on the one hand, and the conditions that the Western environment sets for it on the other. The model shows that ‘sharia’ cannot be compared to a law system, and that the Western environment has a major influence on the extent and ways in which Muslims apply sharia. From a Western perspective, the model shows that sharia issues are mainly discussed in legal terms, while most controversies are not of a legal nature, but rather a cultural one.
Religie, belangenafweging en neutraliteit
Authors: Vleugel Jos 
Published: January 2020

Religion, balancing of interests and neutrality
Restrictions imposed by the state on the exercise of religion are always the result of a weighing of interests by a judge, an administrative body or a legislator. This weighing of interests is strongly influenced by the context within the exercise of religion take place. In this article four different spheres are distinguished: the internal religious sphere, the public sphere, the sphere of private institutions and the government sphere. The particular relationship that these spheres have with neutrality characterizes the balancing of interests. This explains and justifies why wearing religious clothing may be restricted in some situations and not in others.
L’éducation, un paradigme pour concevoir l’autonomie ? Anthropologie féministe, vulnérabilité et care
Authors: Mozziconacci Vanina 
Published: January 2020

Cet article vise à clarifier et à évaluer les présupposés et les implications de la thèse suivante : reconnaître que le care est l’affaire de toutes et de tous, car la vulnérabilité est un donné anthropologique, c’est également reconnaître que l’éducation ⸺ entendue au sens le plus large, comme une croissance qui nécessite des relations avec d’autres que soi ⸺ ne se réduit pas à un moment déterminé de la vie. Cette adoption du processus éducatif comme modèle conduit à redéfinir la catégorie morale et politique de l’autonomie. Pour mener cette analyse, je prendrai pour objet l’articulation entre care, éducation et reconstruction critique de la notion d’autonomie telle qu’elle est développée dans un texte fondateur pour les théorisations féministes de l’« autonomie relationnelle », à savoir l’article « Reconceiving Autonomy: Sources, Thoughts and Possibilities » (1989) de Jennifer Nedelsky.
Introduction
Authors: Abadie Delphine 
Published: January 2020

Malgré une historiographie riche de plusieurs orientations, les imaginaires, la recherche et les débats académiques semblent parfois demeurer enfermés dans l’exigence d’undevoir-êtrede la philosophie africaine tout à fait caractéristique du seul moment ethnophilosophique. Pourtant, les avenues les plus récentes en philosophie africaine partagent un ensemble de présupposés qui rendent inopérante cette confrontation stérile entre un type de philosophie qui désignerait la « véritable » manière de décoloniser les épistémologies africaines, et toutes les autres formes de la philosophie en Afrique. Depuis les années 1980, on doit constater pourtant que la plupart des philosophes du continent ont emprunté des avenues qui nous éloignent de ce premier moment décolonial de l’« authenticité africaine » en internalisant les critiques développées durant les plusieurs décennies qu’a duré la fameuse querelle de la philosophie africaine. Éclairé par la distinction entre approche décoloniale et approche postcoloniale, cet article propose une relecture des chemins parcourus, des détours et des mutations opérées par la philosophie africaine telle qu’elle s’est développée dans l’espace francophone depuis les années 1940 jusqu’à nos jours.
La décolonisation des savoirs est-elle possible en philosophie ?
Authors: Mbonda Ernest-Marie 
Published: January 2020

En philosophie, la décolonisation des savoirs est marquée par un certain nombre de « querelles » relatives à son histoire, à sa géographie, à ses lieux et modalités de production, à ses sujets et à ses objets. On y retrouve généralement les questionnements portant sur l’existence de philosophies non occidentales, sur la place qu’occupent celles-ci dans les canons de l’historiographie de la philosophie, et dans les programmes d’enseignement de la philosophie en Occident et ailleurs. On y rencontre aussi la question des modalités méthodologiques et conceptuelles selon lesquelles se construisent les discours philosophiques des anciens colonisés quand il s’agit de se situer par rapport aux philosophies des puissances dominantes. La philosophie africaine constitue un laboratoire permettant d’illustrer les impasses de toute décolonisation des savoirs et aussi d’examiner les conditions de possibilité d’une telle démarche décoloniale.
From cleared buffers to camp dispersal: mitigating impacts of the Kareela flying-fox camp on adjacent residents and schools
Authors: Mo Matthew , Roache Mike , Williams Rebecca , Drinnan Ian N. , Noël Beth 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The management of the Kareela flying-fox camp in southern Sydney, New South Wales, is a case study of the challenges faced by local councils trying to mitigate negative impacts from flying-foxes on their communities. When flying-foxes were discovered roosting in Kareela in February 2008, local residents and schools complained to the public land manager, Sutherland Shire Council. Concerns were mainly about the impacts of flying-fox faeces, noise and odour, and fear of disease. Initially, branches overhanging affected properties were removed to mitigate the issue. Ongoing impacts prompted council to clear vegetation from the fringes of the camp, creating a buffer area. These buffers provided physical separation but reportedly caused noise impacts to intensify during peak influxes of flying-foxes when animals appeared to be unsettled from being concentrated into a smaller area of roosting habitat. Camp dispersal was advocated by some stakeholders seeking swift resolution. Others rejected the idea, considering the high cost and poor success rate of camp dispersal attempts elsewhere. Subsequently, several key stakeholders including direct neighbours of the camp renounced their support for camp dispersal. Council proceeded with camp dispersal, which only achieved a temporary absence of flying-foxes from Kareela. During this time, a new flying-fox camp formed 3.5 km away. Flying-foxes subsequently returned to the Kareela camp 15 months after the initial dispersal. This case study demonstrates the many interacting factors involved in managing flying-fox camps that have impacts on human settlements. Moreover, the Kareela case study adds to the list of flying-fox dispersal attempts in eastern Australia that have been ineffective in permanently removing flying-foxes from a camp. The case study also highlights the importance of understanding the social and political context of flying-fox camp management, in addition to flying-fox ecology.
A Hybrid Cryptosystem and Watermarking for Secure Medical Image Transmission
Authors: O. Okediran Oladotun 
Published: January 2020

Advances in computing and communication technologies have provided new methods to store and access medical data electronically and distribute them over open communication networks. Today, patients themselves can access their medical information themselves and medical information can be transmitted among medical institutions as well as stakeholders in the health sector. Accompanying these benefits are concomitant risks for patient medical records in electronic formats and strictly personal medical documentations being transmitted and accessible over open communication channels such as the Internet. Thus it is common knowledge that there should be in place network-level security measures and protocols in medical information systems. Many security schemes that were based on cryptography, watermarking and steganography have been proposed and implemented to secure medical data. However, an apt review of relevant literature revealed that in many implementations robustness against attacks is not guaranteed. Issues bordering on low embedding capacity, low robustness, low imperceptibility and bad trade tradeoff between robustness and capacity are evident in many implementations. In this paper, a hybrid Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm, Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) algorithm and Spread Spectrum techniques were proposed for securing medical image data over open communication networks. The performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Bit Error Rate (BER). For the five sample medical images used to test the scheme, the BER value is zero while the PNSR and SNR are consistent and they returned desirable high values. The MSE values for the images were low. The average values of the PSNR, SNR and MSE are 51.88 dB, 43.38 dB and 0.113 respectively. Hence, the proposed scheme is utterly revertible, robust and highly imperceptible; the original images can be retrieved by the recipient without any deformation or alteration.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Used in the Al-Hoceima Region (Northern Morocco)
Authors: Bouzdoudi Brahimc El , Boukhari Latifa El , Hicham Barbara , Tomader Errabii , Mohammed L’bachir El Kbiach 
Published: January 2020

Objective: An ethnobotanical study of medicinal and aromatic plants was conducted in the region of Al-Hoceima (Morocco) to contribute to the knowledge of medicinal species used in traditional phytotherapy by the local population.
Methodology: Using 100 questionnaire sheets, a series of ethnobotanical surveys were carried out in the field during April and May 2019 among ordinary users of the plants. The ethnobotanical survey was carried out using a probability (random) sampling method.
Results: The results of this study showed that foliage is the most used part (46%) and the majority of the remedies are prepared as an infusion (46%). Medicinal plants are often used to treat digestive diseases (19%) and 42% of these plants are cultivated.
Conclusion: The surveys carried out made it possible to assemble information on medicinal and aromatic plants (the part used and the method of preparation) and on the profile of the informant (sex, age, academic level). Moreover, this study could have a great bibliographical value for scientific research in the fields of phytochemistry and pharmacology.
Prevalence and Pattern of Pneumonia among Children Admitted into University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: A Two Year Review
Authors: Gabriel-Job Nneka , S. Azubogu Uju 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children, it accounts for 17.0% of under- five deaths in Nigeria yearly. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of pneumonia among children in Port Harcourt.
Materials and Methods: A 2year retrospective descriptive study was done; the admission and discharge records at the children emergency ward (CHEW) and folders of patients admitted for pneumonia were used to retrieve information.
Results: A total of 2169 children were admitted into CHEW from 2017- 2018, this comprised of 1089 (50.2%) males and 1080 (49.8%) females. Of the 2169 children, 286 (13.2%) of them had pneumonia. More males (16.9%) compared to females (9.4%) had pneumonia, with a significant gender difference. (ꭓ2 = 26.29, p = < 0.001) Males were twice more likely to have pneumonia compared to the females (OR = 1.95, CI= 1.51-2.54). The highest prevalence of Pneumonia (27.1%) was amongst children < 1 year old (P = <0.001). Thirteen (4.6%) of those that had pneumonia died. Mortality was highest (9.2%) among those who presented late (> 5 days after onset of symptoms.) (ꭓ2 =10.73, p = 0.03).
Conclusion: Childhood pneumonia is still a burden among children in Port Harcourt. Early presentation to the hospital may reduce the mortality.
Benign Proliferative Breast Disease: A Histopathological Review of Cases at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Derkyi-Kwarteng Leonard , A. Brown Ato , Derkyi-Kwarteng Abigail , Gyan Eric , P. Akakpo Kafui , Abraham Afua 
Published: January 2020

Background:​ With the increasing education on breast cancer, most women are reporting to the hospital with breast lumps most of which are benign breast lesions. Benign breast diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions including developmental abnormalities, inflammatory lesions, epithelial and stromal proliferation and neoplasms. This is to look at the various histologic type of benign proliferative breast diseases among Ghanaian women.
Method​s: This is a retrospective study of breast excisions received between 2006-2013 at the Department of Pathology, Korle Bu teaching hospital (KBTH), Ghana. All histological slides were retrieved and examine. Demographic information was also retrieved from the request form. The data was subject to analysis using SPSS version 16.5 and Windows Excel.
Results​: During the period of study, 2,805 cases of benign breast lesions were received by the department, out of which 2,396 were proliferative benign lesions representing 89.4%. The top five lesions were fibroadenoma (89.01%), fibroadenomatoid hyperplasia (3.26%), tubular adenoma (2.51%), benign phylloides tumour (1.71%) and intraductal papilloma (1.59%). The average ages of clients with these lesions were 24 years (±8.3 years), 28 years (±10.7 years), 22.7 years (±15 years), 38 years (±14.2 years and 45.4 years (±8.3 years) respectively. Fibroadenoma and benign phelloides tumour have a preponderance to the right and left breast respectively with statistical significance.
Conclusion​: There are some differences between benign breast lesions in Ghanaian women as compared to other African countries within the Sub Saharan region.
Evaluation of the dosimetric impact of manufacturing variations for the INTRABEAM x‐ray source
Authors: Shaikh Mubin Y. , Joiner Michael C. , Nalichowski Adrian , Kumaraswamy Lalith K. , Burmeister Jay 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionINTRABEAM x‐ray sources (XRSs) have distinct output characteristics due to subtle variations between the ideal and manufactured products. The objective of this study is to intercompare 15 XRSs and to dosimetrically quantify the impact of manufacturing variations on the delivered dose.Methods and MaterialsThe normality of the XRS datasets was evaluated with the Shapiro–Wilk test, the accuracy of the calibrated depth–dose curves (DDCs) was validated with ionization chamber measurements, and the shape of each DDC was evaluated using depth–dose ratios (DDRs). For 20 Gy prescribed to the spherical applicator surface, the dose was computed at 5‐mm and 10‐mm depths from the spherical applicator surface for all XRSs.ResultsAt 5‐, 10‐, 20‐, and 30‐mm depths from the source, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the XRS output for 40 kVp was 4.4%, 2.8%, 2.0%, and 3.1% and for 50 kVp was 4.2%, 3.8%, 3.8%, and 3.4%, respectively. At a 20‐mm depth from the source, the 40‐kVp energy had a mean output in Gy/Minute = 0.36, standard deviation (SD) = 0.0072, minimum output = 0.34, and maximum output = 0.37 and a 50‐kVp energy had a mean output = 0.56, SD = 0.021, minimum output = 0.52, and maximum output = 0.60. We noted the maximum DRR values of 2.8% and 2.5% for 40 kVp and 50 kVp, respectively. For all XRSs, the maximum dosimetric effect of these variations within a 10‐mm depth of the applicator surface is ≤ 2.5%. The CV increased as depth increased and as applicator size decreased.ConclusionThe American Association of Physicist in Medicine Task Group‐167 requires that the impurities in radionuclides used for brachytherapy produce ≤ 5.0% dosimetric variations. Because of differences in an XRS output and DDC, we have demonstrated the dosimetric variations within a 10‐mm depth of the applicator surface to be ≤ 2.5%.
Wireless Manipulation of Magnetic/Piezoelectric Micromotors for Precise Neural Stem‐Like Cell Stimulation
Authors: Liu Lu , Chen Bin , Liu Kun , Gao Junbin , Ye Yicheng , Wang Zhen , Qin Ni , Wilson Daniela A. , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrecise neural electrical stimulation, which is a means of promoting neuronal regeneration, is a promising solution for patients with neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, wirelessly controllable targeted motion and precise stimulation at the single‐cell level using S.platensis@Fe3O4@tBaTiO3 micromotors are successfully demonstrated for the first time. A highly versatile and multifunctional biohybrid soft micromotor is fabricated via the integration of S.platensis with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The results show that this micromotor system can achieve navigation in a highly controllable manner under a low‐strength rotating magnetic field. The as‐developed system can achieve single‐cell targeted motion and then precisely induce the differentiation of the targeted neural stem‐like cell by converting ultrasonic energy to an electrical signal in situ owing to the piezoelectric effect. This new approach toward the high‐precision stimulation of neural stem‐like cells opens up new applications for micromotors and has excellent potential for precise neuronal regenerative therapies.
A Synthetic Carrier of Nucleic Acids Structured as a Neutral Phospholipid Envelope Tightly Assembled on Polyplex Surface
Authors: Xue Yonger , Feng Jia , Liu Yilei , Che Junyi , Bai Guang , Dong Xiaotao , Wu Fei , Jin Tuo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSynthetic carriers of nucleic acids remain inefficient for practical applications due to their insufficient functions as compared with viral vectors developed by evolution. Here, a synthetic carrier is designed to structurally mimic lentivirus, a widely‐used viral vector in therapeutic developments, for its neutral phospholipid membrane tightly anchored on the surface of a packed nucleic acid core. Unlike the reported lipopolyplexes of which the surface membrane around the nucleic acid core is formed from charged lipids, the stable attachment of the neutral lipids to each polyplex core in the present system is achieved through preadsorbed micelles of multicarboxyl amphiphilic molecules as lipid bilayer anchors. The adsorbed micelles are under a tension of deformation due to the electrostatic attraction of the head groups to the cationic surface and their “thermodynamic responsibility” to cover the hydrophobic tails in water. When liposomes of neutral phospholipids approach, the hydrophobic tail groups of the adsorbed micelles may insert into the lipid bilayer matrix to induce them to fuse around polyplex and relieve the thermodynamic tension. The formed neutral phospholipid membrane may encapsulate the polyplex core stably, prevent siRNA from prephagocytic leaking and degrading, and immobilize functional agents with increased capacity.