bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge mobilization in the face of imitation: Microfoundations of knowledge aggregation and firm‐level innovation
Authors: Davis Jason P. , Aggarwal Vikas A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryFirms in technology‐based settings continuously mobilize the knowledge of individuals in the firm to execute new opportunities arising over time. Yet we have only a limited understanding of how individual‐level knowledge aggregates to shape firm‐level innovation. We use a computational model to develop a microfoundational theory of firm‐level innovation that captures both intra‐firm knowledge mobilization and inter‐firm competition. A key insight is that despite intuitions that knowledge mobilization should protect against rival imitation, knowledge mobilization can often benefit rivals more than the focal firm itself, due to a process of continuous knowledge spillover‐sharing among rivals. In addition, while knowledge‐based advantages are often thought to be temporary without some isolating mechanism, sustainable advantage may emerge under limited conditions under which knowledge‐mobilizing firms outrace rivals' imitation efforts.Managerial summaryManagers in fast‐moving technology‐based industries innovate by mobilizing the knowledge of individuals in their firm to execute new market opportunities arising over time. A central challenge in such settings is that competitors may imitate this knowledge, thereby diminishing the advantages to the focal firm that derive from its innovations. We highlight the conditions under which such efforts at mobilizing individual knowledge within a firm can backfire and thus accelerate imitation as a result of knowledge spillover‐sharing among the firm's industry rivals. To protect themselves, innovative firms in highly complex industries can use a recombination process to outrace their imitating rivals and generate sustainable advantages.
Change gears before speeding up: The roles of Chief Executive Officer human capital and venture capitalist monitoring in Chief Executive Officer change before initial public offering
Authors: Chahine Salim , Zhang Yan (Anthea) 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWith data on 1,156 venture capitalist (VC)‐backed U.S. initial public offerings (IPOs), we find that the initial level of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) human capital (HC) when a firm receives its first VC investment is negatively related to the likelihood of changing CEO before IPO. The distance between a firm and its lead VC has a positive effect on the likelihood and this effect is stronger when the initial CEO HC is lower. These results suggest that as a larger distance amounts to greater cost of VC direct monitoring, VC is more compelled to change CEO, especially when initial CEO HC is lower. Controlling for the endogeneity of CEO change, we find that CEO change before IPO has a positive relationship with the firm's IPO valuation and changes in operating performance.Managerial SummaryChanging CEO prior to IPO is common in startups, especially in those backed by VCs. We argue that VC can monitor a portfolio firm in two ways (which are not mutually exclusive): directly monitoring onsite the firm and indirectly monitoring relying upon the firm's top management especially CEO. We propose and find empirical evidence to support that as a larger distance between a firm and its lead VC amounts to greater cost of direct monitoring and thus making direct monitoring less feasible, the VC is more compelled to change CEO, especially when the CEO is deemed less capable (i.e., having a lower level of human capital). We also find that CEO change before IPO increases a firm's IPO valuation and changes in operating performance.
What do multiple objectives really mean for performance? Empirical evidence from the French manufacturing sector
Authors: Obloj Tomasz , Sengul Metin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWe explore the performance consequences of the simultaneous pursuit of multiple objectives in organizations. Taking advantage of a unique dataset covering both the objectives pursued and performance outcomes, we test the hypothesis that is the cornerstone of multiple objectives theory: performance on a given metric increases when it is pursued as an objective but decreases with the number of other objectives pursued simultaneously. We find overall support for this hypothesis, which holds for most, but not all, objectives. We further unpack the link between multiplicity of objectives and performance, investigating the moderating effects of organization design choices. This study suggests that multiple objectives impose a cost on organizations, but also provide a benefit of alleviating tradeoffs in achieving higher performance in multiple dimensions.Managerial SummaryMost organizations simultaneously follow multiple goals, rather than focus on a single, well‐defined objective. For example, manufacturing firms often concurrently strive to decrease costs, increase revenues, and enhance margins. We study the consequences of such pursuit for firm performance. We show that explicitly setting objectives plays an important role in driving performance improvements. We also show that performance on any given dimension decreases with the number of other, simultaneously, followed goals. This regularity holds across different types of organizations, from simple to complex. Finally, we show that setting goals in multiple dimensions can play a beneficial role in forcing firms to actively manage tradeoffs inherent in their strategic choices. Our findings point to how managers could balance the costs and benefits of multiple objectives.
Recommending software features to designers: From the perspective of users
Authors: Liu Chun , Yang Wei , Li Zheng , Yu Yijun 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWith lots of public software descriptions emerging in the application market, it is significant to extract common software features from these descriptions and recommend them to new designers. However, existing approaches often recommend features according to their frequencies which reflect designers' preferences. In order to identify those users' favorite features and help design more popular software, this paper proposes to make use of the public data of users' ratings and products' downloads which reflect users' preferences to recommend extracted features. The proposed approach distinguishes users' perspective from designers' perspective and argues that users' perspective is better for recommending features because most products are designed for users and expect to be popular among users. Based on the lasso regression to estimate the relationship between the extracted features and the users' ratings, it first distinguishes the extracted features to identify those recommendable and undesirable features. By treating each download as a support from users to the product featurefeatures, it further mines the feature association rules from users' perspective for recommending features. By taking the public data on the market of SoftPedia.com for evaluation, our empirical studies indicate that: (i) selecting recommendable features by lasso regression is better than that by feature frequencies in terms ofF1measure; and (ii) recommending features based on the feature association rules mined from users' perspective is not only feasible but also has competitive performance compared with that based on the rules mined from designs' perspective in terms ofF1measure.
Genome‐wide lncRNAs identification and association analysis for cold‐responsive genes at the booting stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Leng Yue , Sun Jian , Wang Jingguo , Liu Hualong , Zheng Hongliang , Zhang Minghui , Zhao Hongwei , Zou Detang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of a broad range of biological processes in plants. The spectacular progress made in next‐generation sequencing technologies has enabled a genome‐wide identification of lncRNAs in multiple plant species. In this study, a genome‐wide lncRNA sequencing technology was used to identify cold‐responsive lncRNAs at the booting stage in rice by comparing a tolerant variety, Kongyu131 (KY131) and a sensitive variety, Dongnong422 (DN422). A total of 1485 lncRNAs were identified, and 566 of these lncRNAs were defined as differential lncRNAs by comparing four samples. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed, focusing on the cis‐ and trans‐ target genes of the differential lncRNAs. To identify cold‐responsive genes, a meta‐analysis was used to integrate 35 cold‐tolerant QTLs at the booting stage. In summary, 12 candidate genes and their target lncRNAs were identified by qRT‐PCR. LncTar was used to identify the interaction between lncRNAs and the candidate genes. In addition, 130 rice cultivars with rich genetic diversity were collected to verify the association of candidate genes with cold‐resistance. The results revealed that five SNPs in LOC_Os07g42940, three SNP and one InDel in LOC_Os02g03410 were associated with cold‐resistance at a significant level using association analysis. This study provides new gene resources and insights into cold‐resistance research for rice.
Classification and function of RNA–protein interactions
Authors: Liu Shurong , Li Bin , Liang Qiaoxia , Liu Anrui , Qu Lianghu , Yang Jianhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlmost all RNAs need to interact with proteins to fully exert their functions, and proteins also bind to RNAs to act as regulators. It has now become clear that RNA–protein interactions play important roles in many biological processes among organisms. Despite the great progress that has been made in the field, there is still no precise classification system for RNA–protein interactions, which makes it challenging to further decipher the functions and mechanisms of these interactions. In this review, we propose four different categories of RNA–protein interactions according to their basic characteristics: RNA motif‐dependent RNA–protein interactions, RNA structure‐dependent RNA–protein interactions, RNA modification‐dependent RNA–protein interactions, and RNA guide‐based RNA–protein interactions. Moreover, the integration of different types of RNA–protein interactions and the regulatory factors implicated in these interactions are discussed. Furthermore, we emphasize the functional diversity of these four types of interactions in biological processes and disease development and assess emerging trends in this exciting research field.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Recognition
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Fermionic CFTs and classifying algebras
Authors: Runkel Ingo , Watts Gérard M.T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

We study fermionic conformal field theories on surfaces with spin structure in the presence of boundaries, defects, and interfaces. We obtain the relevant crossing relations, taking particular care with parity signs and signs arising from the change of spin structure in different limits. We define fermionic classifying algebras for boundaries, defects, and interfaces, which allow one to read off the elementary boundary conditions, etc.
As examples, we define fermionic extensions of Virasoro minimal models and give explicit solutions for the spectrum and bulk structure constants. We show how the A- and D-type fermionic Virasoro minimal models are related by a parity-shift operation which we define in general. We study the boundaries, defects, and interfaces in several examples, in particular in the fermionic Ising model, i.e. the free fermion, in the fermionic tri-critical Ising model, i.e. the first unitary N = 1 superconformal minimal model, and in the supersymmetric Lee-Yang model, of which there are two distinct versions that are related by parity-shift.
Werden die Karten der CT-Koronarangiographie mit der FFRCT neu gemischt?
Authors: Gutberlet Matthias , Krieghoff Christian , Gohmann Robin 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie koronare Computertomographie-Angiographie (CCTA) besitzt, insbesondere aufgrund ihres hohen negativen prädiktiven Werts und der hohen Sensitivität, bereits einen hohen Stellenwert in der Primärdiagnostik der koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK) bei allerdings limitierter Spezifität. Invasiv lässt sich die Spezifität der Herzkatheteruntersuchung (HKU) mit der „fractional flow reserve“ (FFR) mittels Nachweises der hämodynamischen Relevanz einer morphologisch nachgewiesenen Koronarstenose gut erhöhen. Neue, entweder auf „computational fluid dynamics“ (CFD) oder „machine learning“ (ML) basierende, nicht-invasive Methoden der FFR-Bestimmung in der CT (FFRCT) zeigen vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Die Möglichkeit des Einsatzes der CCTA wird aber v. a. von der Bildqualität und der Möglichkeit einer guten Segmentierung der Koronararterien bestimmt, die in 7–12 % der CCTA für die Anwendung der FFRCT nicht ausreicht, obwohl eine rein morphologische Beurteilung meist möglich ist. Beim Verschluss eines Koronargefäßes, z. B. zur Beurteilung des Kollateralflusses, kann die FFRCT ebenfalls nicht angewendet werden. Die FFRCT ist somit allein kein „game changer“ bei der Diagnose der chronischen KHK („chronic conorary syndrome“, CCS), sondern vielmehr ist es der ergänzende Einsatz zur CCTA bei nicht eindeutigen Fällen. Außerdem gibt es bisher nur einen kommerziellen Anbieter der FFRCT, bei dem die Analyse zeitlich verzögert („off-site“) erfolgt, was den akuten Nutzen bisher noch einschränkt. Es gibt allerdings auch On-site-Lösungen, die jedoch bisher nur für wissenschaftliche Zwecke und nicht klinisch eingesetzt werden dürfen. Eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zur rein morphologischen Beurteilung stellt die FFRCT aber auf jeden Fall dar. Wenn On-site-FFRCT-Lösungen auch kommerziell verfügbar sind, werden sie die Wertigkeit der CCTA im klinischen Alltag zur Primärdiagnostik des CCS in jedem Fall noch weiter erhöhen helfen.
Beruflich erworbene MRSA-Besiedelung in der berufsdermatologischen Begutachtung (BK-Nr. 3101)
Authors: Erfurt-Berge Cornelia , Schmidt Anne , Angelovska Irena , Mahler Vera 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Von Mensch zu Mensch übertragene Infektionskrankheiten können eine Berufskrankheit(BK)-Nr. 3101 bedingen, wenn sie bei Versicherten auftreten, die infolge der Ausübung ihrer Arbeitstätigkeit in bestimmten Bereichen einer gegenüber der allgemeinen Bevölkerung wesentlich erhöhten Infektionsgefahr ausgesetzt sind.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es erfolgt die Darstellung der besonderen medizinischen und versicherungsrechtlichen Aspekte einer beruflichen MRSA-Kolonisation am Beispiel eines Gutachtenfalles und Auswertung der BK-Verdachtsanzeigen (BK-Nr. 3101) der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften und Unfallversicherungsträger.

Patienten und Methoden
Die Geschäftsergebnisse und BK-Dokumentation der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften und Unfallversicherungsträger 2007 bis 2012 wurden zur BK-Nr. 3101 ausgewertet sowie das Patientenkollektiv berufsdermatologischer Begutachtungsfälle 2007 bis 2012 der Hautklinik Universitätsklinikum Erlangen zum Vorliegen von Mensch zu Mensch übertragener Infektionskrankheiten der Haut retrospektiv untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Von Mensch zu Mensch übertragene Infektionskrankheiten der Haut sind in der berufsdermatologischen Begutachtung selten. Von den 2007 bis 2012 erfassten BK-Verdachtsanzeigen waren 2,6 % BK-Nr. 3101-Verdachtsfälle; 4,2 % aller anerkannten BKen entfielen auf BK-Nr. 3101-Fälle, darunter 9 Fälle von MRSA (Methicillin-resistenter Staphylococcus aureus). Eine symptomlose MRSA-Besiedlung wird im Gegensatz zur manifesten Infektionskrankheit nicht als BK-Nr. 3101 anerkannt. Bakterielle Superantigene können eine atopische Dermatitis (AD) triggern. Im Einzelfall kann eine AD infolge einer beruflich erworbenen MRSA-Ansteckung auftreten und eine BK-Nr. 3101 begründen.

Diskussion
Ein frühzeitiger Nachweis einer MRSA-Kolonisation und Eradikation sind notwendig für eine Rehabilitation. Der Umgang mit Hauterkrankungen als Folge einer Infektionskrankheit im Berufskrankheitenverfahren wird dargelegt.
Die neue Strahlenschutzgesetzgebung – Teil 1
Authors: Bohrer Evelyn , Schäfer Stefan B. , Krombach Gabriele A. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zum 31.12.2018 trat in Deutschland die neue Strahlenschutzverordnung in Kraft und konkretisierte das neue Strahlenschutzgesetz. Alte Strahlenschutzverordnung und Röntgenverordnung wurden damit ersetzt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die wesentlichen Änderungen in Hinblick auf die arbeitstägliche Routine in der Radiologie wurden zusammengefasst.

Methode
Die Änderungen und Neuerungen von neuem Strahlenschutzgesetz und neuer Strahlenschutzverordnung zur alten Strahlenschutzverordnung und Röntgenverordnung wurden herausgearbeitet. Der Hauptschwerpunkt lag hierbei in der Bedeutung für die Arbeitsabläufe in der klinischen Routine.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die neue Strahlenschutzgesetzgebung beinhaltet eine Reihe von Anordnungen, die dem Strahlenschutz, der Qualitätssicherung und der Dosisoptimierung entscheidende Werkzeuge zu deren Umsetzung in die Hand legen. Dies geht aber auch mit einem zeitlichen und personellen Mehraufwand einher.
Adaptive evolution of low-salinity tolerance and hypoosmotic regulation in a euryhaline teleost, Takifugu obscurus
Authors: Zhang Hanyuan , Hou Jilun , Liu Haijin , Zhu Haoyong , Xu Gangchun , Xu Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of osmoregulation is crucial for maintaining growth, development, and life activities in teleosts. Takifugu obscurus, the only euryhaline species in the genus Takifugu, is a proper model organism for studying the mechanism of low-salt tolerance and hypoosmotic regulation. In this study, whole-genome sequencing data were obtained from 90 pufferfish representing five species within this genus, T. rubripes, T. obscurus, T. flavidus, T. niphobles, and T. bimaculatus. Using a phylogeny, PCA, and population structure analyses, we observed similar amounts of population genetic differentiation among species. The five species are closely related to each other and have differentiated within a relatively short period, while T. bimaculatus and T. flavidus shared the most similar genetic backgrounds. We further identified hundreds of genes under selection related to hypoosmotic regulation between T. obscurus and other Takifugu species, including 16 representative genes involving ion transporters (atp1a3, atp2a2, atp2a3, slc13a1, slc5a8, slc12a2, slc12a4, slc26a2, scn1b, and kcna2/3/10), genes involved in hormone regulation (fyn, prlr, and grb2), and a gene associated with water absorption (aqp3). Our findings provide preliminary insight into the mechanism of osmoregulation and will facilitate follow-up validation of candidate genes related to osmoregulation in T. obscurus.
Haemostatic Efficacy of Topical Agents During Liver Resection: A Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Trials
Authors: Wells Cameron I. , Ratnayake Chathura B. B. , Mentor Keno , Sen Gourab , Hammond John S. , French Jeremy J. , Wilson Colin H. , Manas Derek , White Steve , Pandanaboyana Sanjay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatic resection carries a high risk of parenchymal bleeding both intra‐ and post‐operatively. Topical haemostatic agents are frequently used to control bleeding during hepatectomy, with multiple products currently available. However, it remains unknown which of these is most effective for achieving haemostasis and improving peri‐operative outcomes.MethodsA systematic review and random‐effects Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomised trials investigating topical haemostatic agents in hepatic resection was performed. Interventions were analysed by grouping into similar products; fibrin patch, fibrin glue, collagen products, and control. Primary outcomes were the rate of haemostasis at 4 and 10 min.ResultsTwenty randomized controlled trials were included in the network meta‐analysis, including a total of 3267 patients and 7 different interventions. Fibrin glue and fibrin patch were the most effective interventions for achieving haemostasis at both 4 and 10 min. There were no significant differences between haemostatic agents with respect to blood loss, transfusion requirements, bile leak, post‐operative complications, reoperation, or mortality.ConclusionsAmongst the haemostatic agents currently available, fibrin patch and fibrin glue are the most effective methods for reducing time to haemostasis during liver resection, but have no effect on other peri‐operative outcomes. Topical haemostatic agents should not be used routinely, but may be a useful adjunct to achieve haemostasis when needed.
Is post-bleaching recovery of Acropora hyacinthus on Palau via spread of local kin groups?
Authors: Cros Annick , Toonen Robert , Karl Stephen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPalau suffered massive mortality of reef corals during the 1998 mass bleaching, and understanding recovery from that catastrophic loss is critical to management for future impacts. Many reef species have shown significant genetic structure at small scales while apparently absent at large scales, a pattern often referred to as chaotic genetic patchiness. Here we use hierarchical sampling of population structure scored from a panel of microsatellite markers for the coral Acropora hyacinthus across the islands of Yap, Ngulu and Palau to evaluate hypotheses about the mechanisms of previously described chaotic genetic structure. As with previous studies, we find no isolation-by-distance within or between the three islands and high genetic structure between sites separated by as little as ~ 10 km on Palau. Using kinship among individual colonies, however, we find higher mean pairwise relatedness coefficients among individuals within sampling sites. Comparing population structure among hierarchical sampling scales, we show that the pattern of chaotic genetic patchiness reported previously appears to derive from genetic patches of local kin groups at small spatial scales. Genetic distinction of Palau from neighboring islands and high kinship among individuals within these kinship neighborhoods implies that the coral reefs of Palau apparently recovered through a mosaic of rare thermally tolerant colonies that survived the 1998 mass bleaching and are now spreading and recolonizing reefs as local kin groups. This pattern of recovery on Palau gives us a better understanding for effective coral reef conservation strategies in which protecting these rare survivors wherever they occur, rather than specific areas of reef habitat, is critical to increase coral reef resilience.
Diffusive dynamics of elongated particles in active colloidal suspensions of motile algae
Authors: von Rüling Florian , Kolley Francine , Eremin Alexey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSwimming microorganisms can influence the diffusion of passive particles. The effect of this swimmer-particle interaction depends on different properties, such as the hydrodynamic field of the swimmer and the relative sizes of microorganisms and particles. We investigated an enhancement of the diffusion of silica doublets in a suspension of microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a flat capillary. Depending on the concentration of microswimmers, the translational and rotational diffusion constants increase by several orders of magnitude in the presence of the swimming algae. For low concentrations of algae, the doublets exhibit Brownian motion in a fluctuating flow field generated by multiple swimmers. One can observe strong, diffusive transport caused by occasional large displacements. At high swimmer concentration, the algae form dense clusters, where the rotational motion of the doublets shows a subdiffusive behaviour while the translational motion remains diffusive.