bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum for small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy training in Europe: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
Authors: Sidhu Reena , Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , Baltes Peter , Carretero Cristina , Despott Edward J. , Murino Alberto , Dray Xavier , Sanders David S. , Keuchel Martin , Dekker Evelien , East James E. , Johnson Gavin , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Arvanitakis Marianna , Ponchon Thierry , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario , Bisschops Raf 
Published: June 2020

Main RecommendationsThe European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has recognized the need to formalize training in small-bowel endoscopy across European centers. The following criteria and framework for training in small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE), which aim to provide uniform and high quality training to ensure that small-bowel endoscopists are competent to operate independently, are based on the current literature and experience of experts in the field. Three main areas are covered: skills required prior to commencing training in small-bowel endoscopy; structured training for trainees to become independent endoscopists; and ways of ensuring competence is achieved.
1 Centers providing training in SBCE should perform a minimum of 75 – 100 SBCEs/year.
2 Experience in bidirectional endoscopies is desirable for structured training in SBCE.
3 SBCE courses should consist of at least 50 % hands-on training and cover information on technology, indications and contraindications for SBCE, pathologies that can be encountered on SBCE, and standard terminology that should be used during reporting of SBCE. An SBCE course should be completed prior to achieving competence in SBCE reporting.
4 Competence in SBCE can be assessed by considering a minimum of 30 SBCEs. Direct Observation of Procedural Skills, short SBCE videos, and multiple-choice questions can be useful to assess improvement in the skills of trainees.
5 Centers offering training in DAE should aim to carry out at least 75 DAEs/year, should have direct links with an SBCE service, and should allow regular discussion of cases at a radiology small-bowel MDT. Training centers with lower numbers are encouraged to offer training by “buddying-up” with other centers, or using mentoring systems.
6 DAE trainees must be independent in bidirectional endoscopies and have experience in level 1 polypectomy prior to commencement of training. They should also be competent in reviewing SBCEs.
7 Training in DAE should be structured with a minimum of 75 procedures, including 35 retrograde DAEs, with therapeutic procedures undertaken in at least 50 % of the DAEs performed. Training should cover the indications, contraindications, complications including prevention, and technicalities of the DAE procedure; formal evaluation should follow. DAE trainees must acquire skills to independently manage and advise on small-bowel pathology following DAE procedures.
8 It is highly recommended that international societies develop online modules and courses on DAE, which are currently lacking across Europe.
AGGRESSIVE MESENTRIC FIBROMATOSIS: A RARE CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Shetty Rohan , Bhat Shubha , Ballal Rajesh , Makannavar Pramod , N. Anil Kumar K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMesentric fibromatosis is a proliferative fibroblastic neoplasm of the small intestinal mesentery with varied clinical presentation. Giant mesentric fibromatosis is uncommon and its rarity poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This paper presents a recurrent aggressive fibromatosis in a 38 year old male patient, who had initially undergone a laparotomy outside for mass abdomen but only pus was evacuated and definitive diagnosis was not made.
SMOKING GENOTOXICITY IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING THE COMET ASSAY
Authors: Shetty Shobha S. , Nachane Hrishikesh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Smoking has been shown to have a positive effect on DNA damage in almost all the cells of the body. Quantitative analysis of this damage will help in assessing the etiopathogenesis of various nicotine induced damage to the body. Comet assay has been an emerging tool in this regard and hence was applied by us to estimate the severity of DNA damage in smokers.
Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the DNA genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in smokers and their comparison with non smokers & assess the quantitative damage.
Materials and methods: 30 smokers & 20 non smokers were recruited & their peripheral blood was taken for the comet assay to look for Olive moment & Tail moment to quantitatively assess the DNA damage due to cigarette smoking.
Results: In our study there was no significant difference in the analysis of DNA damage (with regard to tail moment & olive moment) in smokers versus non smokers (P value: more than 0.05).
Conclusions: Though smoking is known to cause DNA damage, we did not find significant differences between the two groups probably due to other multifactorial etiologies for genotoxicity.
MATERNAL HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PREGNANCY OUTCOME AMONG MOTHERS
Authors: Francis Soumyamol , Nayak Sabitha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study was conducted to assess the maternal haemoglobin level and its association with pregnancy outcome among mothers. The study design adopted was descriptive design, 100 antenatal mothers were selected by purposive sampling. The demographic Proforma were collected from the women by interview and Apgar scoring system,New Ballard score and infantometer used for assessing the pregnancy outcome. Data obtained in these areas were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. A significant relation was found between maternal haemoglobin level and pregnancy outcome such as type of delivery(0.039,P<0.05)and birth weight (.001,P<0.05) and a significant association was found between maternal haemoglobin and selected demographic variables such as income(.037,p<0.05) and BMI (.039,p<0.05). The findings of the study revealed that there is a association between maternal haemoglobin level and pregnancy outcome.
EVALUATION OF RENAL PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ADHATODA ZEYLANICA (MEDIC) LEAVES EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam , N. Suchetha Kumari , D'Souza Prima , Bhargavan Divya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe kidney is especially a susceptible organ to toxic injuries by drugs and toxin, because of a high blood supply and the presence of cellular transport systems that cause accumulation of these compounds within the nephron epithelial cells. Glomerular, tubular and interstitial cells frequently encounter significant concentrations of medications and their metabolites, which can induce changes in kidney function and structure. Renal toxicity can be a result of hemodynamic changes, direct injury to cells and tissue, inflammatory tissue injury and/or obstruction of renal excretion.Gentamicin is potent broad spectrum antibiotic therapeutic agent used in a number of infective conditions. Because of the obvious mediation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Gentamicin induced renal damage. Several antioxidant agents have been used to block Gentamicin nephrotoxicity.There is a proven converse relationship between the consumption of antioxidant rich plants incidence of human diseases. A primary goal of this study is to present the scientific evidence for the use of common herb Adhatoda zeylanica as supplementary in the gentamicin treated acute renal failure (ARF) subjects. The beneficial effect of A. Zeylanica against gentamicin nephrotoxicity, possibly depends on its ability to scavenge the gentamicin induced free radicals.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the extract improved with the polarity of the solvents over a period of 10 days and the plant has the potential to ameliorate Gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
TWO PHASE FOR A BETTER FACE!! TWIN BLOCK AND HEADGEAR FOLLOWED BY FIXED THERAPY FOR CLASS II CORRECTION
Authors: Nayak U S Krishna , Shetty Ashutosh , Soans Crystal Runa , Bhaskar Vivek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCorrection of a skeletal sagittal Class II in a growing child can be done either in one single phase of treatment, or in two phases, i.e a first phase of functional appliance to reduce the severity of the skeletal discrepancy, followed by fixed appliance therapy to refine the occlusion. This 2 phase treatment has quite a few advantages such as early correction of the facial profile is seen by the child and parent, which motivates them, as well as, reduces the social handicap produced as a result of the malocclusion. Hence, this case report describes the treatment of a Class II child, with a Twin block appliance followed by fixed orthodontic treatment.
A Five-Year Review on Pediatric Foreign Body Aspiration
Authors: Nasir Zuraini Mohammad , Subha Sethu Thakachy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction Foreign body aspiration is a leading cause of accidental death in children. Clinical presentation varies from non-specific respiratory symptoms to respiratory failure making diagnosis challenging.Objective To review pediatric patients who underwent bronchoscopy due to suspicion of foreign body aspiration at a tertiary center in Malaysia.Methods We retrospectively studied patients < 11 years old who underwent bronchoscopy from 2008 to 2018.Results Over the 10-year period, 20 patients underwent bronchoscopy, and 16 were found to have foreign body aspiration with equal gender distribution. The most common age group was < 3 years old (75%). The most common clinical presentations were choking (82%) and stridor (31%). Foreign bodies were removed using flexible bronchoscope in 8 cases (50%), and difficulties were encountered in 6 cases (75%). Rigid ventilating bronchoscope was used in 8 cases (50%) with no difficulty. The most common object found was peanut (19%). The majority of foreign bodies were lodged in the right bronchus (43%). Eight patients (80%) received delayed treatment due to delayed diagnosis. The length of hospital stay was longer in the younger age groups.Conclusion Clinical presentation and chest radiograph findings were comparable across all age groups. The most difficulties encountered during foreign body removal were via flexible bronchoscope, in children < 3 years old. There was no significant correlation between age and type of foreign body aspiration. The majority of patients who received delayed treatment were < 3 years old. The length of hospital stay was longer in the younger age groups.
Mobile Bearing versus Fixed Bearing for Total Knee Arthroplasty: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials at Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Chen Pu , Huang Liuwei , Zhang Dong , Zhang Xiaozhe , Ma Yufeng , Wang Qingfu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (MB-TKA) and fixed-bearing total knee arthroplasty (FB-TKA) at a minimum 10-year follow-up. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. All included articles were evaluated by two trained reviewers according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for potential risk, and the Consolidated Standards on Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist and scoring system was also used to assess the methodological quality of each study. The extracted data included function scores, range of motion (ROM) of the knee, incidence of adverse events or revision, survivorship analysis, and radiographic outcomes. Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this meta-analysis, and all RCTs had a follow-up period longer than 10 years. This meta-analysis shows no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the Keen Society Score (KSS; p = 0.38), KSS function score (p = 0.30), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC; p = 0.59), ROM (p = 0.71), radiolucent line (p = 0.45), femoral and tibial component positions in the coronal plane (p = 0.55 and 0.35, respectively), revision incidence (p = 0.77), and survivorship rates (p = 0.39). Meanwhile, it showed a slight difference between the two groups in the tibial component position in the sagittal plane (p = 0.003). According to this meta-analysis, the current best available evidence suggests no significant difference between the MB-TKA and FB-TKA groups with respect to the clinical outcomes, radiographic outcomes, revision, and survivorship at a minimum 10-year follow-up. This is a Level II, meta-analysis study.
Exploration of Sepsis-Associated Coagulopathy Severity and Pediatric Septic Shock Outcomes
Authors: Loberger Jeremy M. , Aban Inmaculada B. , Prabhakaran Priya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore correlations between sepsis-associated coagulopathy (SAC) in pediatric septic shock and clinical outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort study of all children admitted to a single, academic pediatric intensive care unit with septic shock over 6 years. The prevalence of SAC was 93.5% with 61% being severe. Those with severe SAC were more likely to have a positive blood culture and have longer median duration of ventilation. All observed mortalities occurred in the severe SAC and indeterminate SAC groups. SAC is highly prevalent in pediatric septic shock and may predict important outcomes.
Pathological Role of Angiotensin II in Severe COVID-19
Authors: Miesbach Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe activated renin–angiotensin system induces a prothrombotic state resulting from the imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Angiotensin II is the central effector molecule of the activated renin–angiotensin system and is degraded by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to angiotensin (1–7). The novel coronavirus infection (classified as COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and death in a proportion of patients, mostly elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to enter the target cells, resulting in activation of the renin–angiotensin system. After downregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II is increasingly produced and its counterregulating molecules angiotensin (1–7) reduced. Angiotensin II increases thrombin formation and impairs fibrinolysis. Elevated levels were strongly associated with viral load and lung injury in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the complex clinical picture of patients with severe complications of COVID-19 is triggered by the various effects of highly expressed angiotensin II on vasculopathy, coagulopathy, and inflammation. Future treatment options should focus on blocking the thrombogenic and inflammatory properties of angiotensin II in COVID-19 patients.
Acute Lower Limb Ischemia—Etiology, Pathology, and Management
Authors: Natarajan Balaji , Patel Prashant , Mukherjee Ashis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute limb ischemia (ALI) is a vascular emergency associated with a high risk for limb loss and death. Most cases result from in situ thrombosis in patients with preexisting peripheral arterial disease or those who have undergone vascular procedures including stenting and bypass grafts. The other common source is cardioembolic. The incidence has decreased in recent times due to better anticoagulation strategies. Patients with suspected ALI should be evaluated promptly by a vascular specialist and consideration should be given for transfer to a higher level of care if such expertise is not available locally. Initial assessment should focus on staging severity of ischemic injury and potential for limb salvage. Neurological deficits can occur early and are an important poor prognostic sign. Duplex ultrasound and computed tomography angiography help plan intervention in patients with a still-viable limb and prompt catheter-based angiography is mandated in patients with an immediately threatened limb. Further investigations need to be pursued to differentiate embolic from thrombotic cause for acute occlusion as this can change management. Options include intravascular interventions, surgical bypass, or a hybrid approach. In this article, the authors discuss the common etiologies, clinical evaluation, and management of patients presenting with acute limb ischemia.
Verbal borrowability and turnover rates
Authors: Arkhangelskiy Timofey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConventional wisdom holds that verbs are more difficult to borrow than nouns. Recent studies have supported this claim, inferring it from the fact that synchronically almost every language studied contains a larger proportion of identifiable borrowings among nouns than among verbs. In this paper, I demonstrate that, while true, there is a logical fallacy in this inference. Using a large diachronic corpus of Russian texts, I show that verbs have lower turnover rates and, consequently, longer life expectancies than nouns, i.e., they are generally more difficult to replace. I argue that this fact alone could theoretically result in the synchronically observed disparities. The hypothesis of cross-linguistically lower verbal turnover rates, which I propose based on these findings, is difficult to verify directly on a large sample of languages. However, it makes a non-trivial prediction, which can be tested more easily. It predicts that if a contact situation lasted for a while, but ceased to exist several centuries ago, the proportion of verbs borrowed during that period and surviving to the present day may equal or exceed the proportion of such borrowings among nouns. The data found in the World Loanword Database (Haspelmath & Tadmor 2009) are consistent with this prediction, thus providing evidence in favor of the hypothesis.
Stabilisation agriculture: reviewing an emerging concept with case studies from Afghanistan and Iraq
Authors: Adam-Bradford Andrew , Elkahlout Ghassan , Byrne Richard , Wright Julia , Rahman Mohammed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stabilisation Agriculture has been defined as a focus on enhancing the ecological and social resilience of agricultural communities to withstand and respond to adverse conditions in countries affected by disasters, ranging from climate events to conflict and complex emergencies. However, in this review paper, rather than taking a broad disaster risk management approach to the topic, a focus is made on the nexus between agriculture, food security and conflict. Food insecurity, for example, can trigger instability and conflict, leading to the collapse of agricultural infrastructure, the loss of farm labour, and local farming knowledge through loss of life and forced migration. This cycle becomes endemic and reinforcing, often resulting in chronic food shortages and eventually conflict-driven famine. Hence, why an emphasis on post-conflict “stabilisation” is made in this examination of the emerging concept of Stabilisation Agriculture. Case studies from Afghanistan and Iraq are used to illustrate the benefits of elevating agriculture as a critical response tool in post-conflict and stabilisation settings, and following a subsequent discussion that explores the critical synergies in this emerging field, a redefined definition of Stabilisation Agriculture is proposed along with recommendations for future development through policy inclusion and mainstreaming, post-conflict programming and applied research.
The frustration of being odd: how boundary conditions can destroy local order
Authors: Marić Vanja , Giampaolo Salvatore Marco , Kuić Domagoj , Franchini Fabio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A central tenant in the classification of phases is that boundary conditions cannot affect the bulk properties of a system. In this work, we show striking, yet puzzling, evidence of a clear violation of this assumption. We use the prototypical example of an XYZ chain with no external field in a ring geometry with an odd number of sites and both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. In such a setting, even at finite sizes, we are able to calculate directly the spontaneous magnetizations that are traditionally used as order parameters to characterize the system’s phases. When ferromagnetic interactions dominate, we recover magnetizations that in the thermodynamic limit lose any knowledge about the boundary conditions and are in complete agreement with standard expectations. On the contrary, when the system is governed by antiferromagnetic interactions, the magnetizations decay algebraically to zero with the system size and are not staggered, despite the antiferromagnetic coupling. We term this behavior ferromagnetic mesoscopic magnetization. Hence, in the antiferromagnetic regime, our results show an unexpected dependence of a local, one-spin expectation values on the boundary conditions, which is in contrast with predictions from the general theory.
Tail wavelets in merger of binary compact objects *
Authors: Lin Kai , Qian Wei-Liang , Fan Xilong , Zhang Hongsheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present a model for tail wavelets, a phenomenon known as “echo” in the literature. The tail wavelet may appear in signal reconnaissances in the merger of binary compact objects, including black holes and neutron stars. We show that the dark matter surrounding the compact objects lead to a speculated tail wavelet following the main gravitational wave (GW). We demonstrate that the radiation pressure of the main wave is fully capable of pushing away the surrounding matter to some altitude, and splashing down of the matter excites the tail wavelet after ringing down of the main wave. We illustrate this concept in a simplified model, where numerical estimations are conducted on the specific distribution of dark matter outside the black hole horizon and the threshold values in accordance with observations. We study the full back reaction of the surrounding dark matter to the metric and find that the effect on to the tail wavelets is insignificant. We reveal the fine difference between the tail wavelets of a dressed and a bare black hole. We demonstrate that the tail wavelet can appear as a natural phenomenon in the frame of general relativity, without invoking modified gravities or quantum effects.
Astrophysical 22Mg(p, γ)23Al reaction rates from asymptotic normalization coefficient of 23Ne→22Ne+n *
Authors: Li Xin-Yue , Guo Bing , Li Zhi-Hong , Liu Wei-Ping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The radionuclide 22Na generates the emission of a characteristic 1.275 MeV

-ray. This is a potential astronomical observable, whose occurrence is suspected in classical novae. The

reaction is relevant to the nucleosynthesis of 22Na in Ne-rich novae. In this study, employing the adiabatic distorted wave approximation and continuum discretized coupled channel methods, the squared neutron asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) for the virtual decay of

+ n were extracted, and determined as

fm−1 and

fm−1 for the ground state and the first excited state from the experimental angular distributions of

populating the ground state and the first excited state of

, respectively. Then, the squared proton ANC of

was obtained as

fm−1 according to the charge symmetry of the strong interaction. The astrophysical S-factors and reaction rates for the direct capture contribution in

were also presented. Furthermore, the proton width of the first excited state of

was derived to be

eV from the neutron ANC of its mirror state in

and used to compute the contribution from the first resonance of

. This result demonstrates that the direct capture dominates the

reaction at most temperatures of astrophysical relevance for

.