bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UTILIZATION BAYAH BANTEN ZEOLITE AS A CATALYST AND BACTERIA AS A PRETREATMENT FOR BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL
Authors: Fitriyah F. , Pangesti Frebhika Sri Puji 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan zeolit alam Bayah Banten sebagai katalis homogen dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai alternatif penggunaan katalis sintetik. Selain itu bakteri Rhizopus sp. digunakan sebagai pretreatment biokatalis dalam pemanfaatan minyak jelantah untuk pembuatan biodiesel. Hal ini akan memberikan beberapa keuntungan, yaitu dapat mereduksi limbah minyak jelantah, mengurangi biaya produksi pembuatan bahan bakar serta memanfaatkan kekayaan alam terutama yang terdapat di Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari metode pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah menggunakan katalis zeolit alam Bayah dan biokatalis bakteri Rhizopus sp serta uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif standar biodiesel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah reaksi esterifikasi/transesterifikasi minyak dengan alkohol rantai pendek melalui bantuan katalis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan minyak jelantah yang sudah diolah menjadi biodiesel, yaitu viskositas (pada suhu 40°C) sebesar 0,862 g/ml dan 29,7, kadar air 0,05 % , titiknyala 120°C, titiktuang 18°C, bilangan asam 0,49 mg KOH/g, angka setana 55, belerang 0,11 mg/kg, fosfor 1,7 mg/kg, waktu bakar 43 detik, residu 1,8 % , sisa pembakaran 9,6% telah memenuhi standar biodiesel SNI-04-7182-201
Kata Kunci : biodiesel, zeolite bayah, minyak jelantah

ABSTRACT
Utilization of Banten Bayah natural zeolite as a homogeneous catalyst in making biodiesel is an alternative to the use of synthetic catalysts. In addition, the bacteria Rhizopus sp., was used as a biocatalyst in waste cooking oil for the manufacture of biodiesel. This will provide several advantages, reduces waste cooking oil, reduce cost biodiesel production and utilize natural resources, especially those found in Banten Province. This study aims to study the method of making biodiesel from waste cooking oil using natural Bayah zeolite catalyst and Rhizopus sp bacterial as biocatalyst as the quantitative and quantitative standard tests of biodiesel. The methods in this study is the esterification / transesterification reaction of oil with short chain alcohols through of a catalyst. The results of this research show that waste cooking oil has been processed into biodiesel that is density and viscosity parameters (at 40°C ) is 0.862 g/mL and 29.7, 0.05% moisture content 120 ° C point, 18 ° C point, acid number is 0.49 mg KOH / g, setana number 55, sulfur content 0.11 mg / kg, phosphorus content 1.7 mg / kg, burn time 43 seconds, residue 1.8%, residual combustion 9.6% it has fulfilled the biodiesel standard SNI-04-7182-2012.
Keyword : biodiesel, zeolite bayah, bacteria, cooking oil
PERAN BUMDES DALAM PENGUATAN EKONOMI DESA SUKARATU KABUPATEN SERANG, BANTEN
Authors: Rahayuningsih Yunia , Budiarto Sofyan , Isminingsih Sulastri 
Published: March 2020

BUMDes lahir sebagai pendekatan baru dalam usaha peningkatan ekonomi desa berdasarkan kebutuhan dan potensi desa. Desa Sukaratu Kecamatan Cikeusal Kabupaten Serang telah mempunyai BUMDes dan juga memiliki potensi besar dalam sektor pariwisata. Namun sampai saat ini belum tergali dan dikembangkan secara maksimal. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan BUMDes dalam penguatan ekonomi Desa Sukaratu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah desktiptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, pengamatan langsung dan pengumpulan data sekunder lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan BUMDes Ratu Harapan berperan dalam peningkatan kreativitas, inovasi dan variasi usaha BUMDes yang berbasis pada pengelolaan potensi desa di sektor wisata sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan peluang pasar. Juga telah mampu berkontribusi terhadap pendapatan asli desa dan membuka lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat desa.

Kata Kunci : Badan Usaha Milik Desa, Penguatan Ekonomi, Desa Sukaratu
Reconstructing the 2015 Salgar flash flood using radar retrievals and a conceptual modeling framework in an ungauged basin
Authors: Velásquez Nicolás , Hoyos Carlos D. , Vélez Jaime I. , Zapata Esneider 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. On 18 May 2015, a severe rainfall event triggered a flash flood in the municipality of Salgar, located in the northwestern Colombian Andes. This work aims to reconstruct the main hydrological features of the flash flood to better understand the processes modulating the occurrence of the event. Radar quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs), satellite information, and post-event field visits are used to reconstruct the Salgar flash flood, in an ungauged basin, addressing the relationship among rainfall spatiotemporal structure, soil moisture, and runoff generation during successive rainfall events by using a conceptual modeling framework including landslide and hydraulic submodels. The hydrological model includes virtual tracers to explore the role of runoff and subsurface flow and the relative importance of convective and stratiform precipitation in flash flood generation. Despite potential shortcomings due to the lack of data, the modeling results allow an assessment of the impact of the interactions between runoff, subsurface flow, and convective–stratiform rainfall on the short-term hydrological mechanisms leading to the flash flood event. The overall methodology reproduces the magnitude and timing of the La Liboriana flash flood peak discharge considerably well, as well as the areas of landslide occurrence and flood spots, with limitations due to the spatial resolution of the available digital elevation model. Simulation results indicate that the flash flood and regional landslide features were strongly influenced by the antecedent rainfall, which was associated with a northeasterly stratiform event. The latter recharged the gravitational and capillary storages within the model, moistening the entire basin before the occurrence of the flash flood event and impacting the subsurface–runoff partitioning during the flash flood event. Evidence suggests that the spatial structure of the rainfall is at least as important as the geomorphological features of the basin in regulating the occurrence of flash flood events.
An “American Humboldt”?: Memorializing Philadelphia Physician and Race Supremacist Samuel George Morton
Authors: Michael John S. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Samuel George Morton was a nineteenth-century anatomy professor and paleontologist who gained fame for the extensive collection of human skulls he collected and curated at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. An early scholar of physical anthropology in America, Morton promoted race supremacy, asserting that Germanic Europeans had the largest brains and highest intelligence of all human populations. When he died, four Philadelphia physicians eulogized him. Their writings have served as the foundation for most modern interpretations of Morton. An examination of rarely cited nineteenth-century documents indicates that his eulogists exaggerated the importance and reception of Morton's anthropological research and omitted or misrepresented details of his personal life. Studies of Morton by anthropologists, philosophers of science, or scholars studying race in America should therefore take a highly skeptical view of the memoirs written by Morton's nineteenth-century colleagues and admirers.
Occult Pneumothorax in Patients Presenting with Blunt Chest Trauma: An Observational Analysis
Authors: Mahmood Ismail , Younis Basil , Ahmed Khalid , Mustafa Fuad , El-Menyar Ayman , Alabdallat Mohammad , Parchani Ashok , Peralta Ruben , Nabir Syed , Ahmed Nadeem , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: March 2020

Background: We aimed to assess the management and outcome of occult pneumothorax and to determine the factors associated with failure of observational management in patients with blunt chest trauma (BCT). Methods: Patients with BCT were retrospectively identified from the trauma database over 4 years. Data were analyzed and compared on the basis of initial management (conservative vs. tube thoracostomy). Results: Across the study period, 1928 patients were admitted with BCT, of which 150 (7.8%) patients were found to have occult pneumothorax. The mean patient age was 32.8 ± 13.7 years, and the majority were male (86.7%). Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) was required in 32 patients, and bilateral occult pneumothorax was seen in 25 patients. In 85.3% (n = 128) of cases, occult pneumothorax was managed conservatively, whereas 14.7% (n = 22) underwent tube thoracostomy. Five patients had failed observational treatment requiring delayed tube thoracostomy. Pneumonia was reported in 12.8% of cases. Compared with those who were treated conservatively, patients who underwent tube thoracostomy had thicker pneumothoraxes and a higher rate of lung contusion, rib fracture, pneumonia, prolonged ventilatory days, and prolonged hospital length of stay. Overall mortality was 4.0%. The deceased had more polytrauma and were treated conservatively without a chest tube. Patients who failed conservative management had a higher frequency of lung contusion, greater pneumothorax thickness, higher Injury Severity Scores (ISS), and required more PPV. Conclusions: Occult pneumothorax is not uncommon in BCT and can be successfully managed conservatively with a close clinical follow-up. Intervention should be limited to patients who have an increase in size of the pneumothorax on follow-up or become symptomatic under observation. Patients who fail conservative management may have a greater pneumothorax thickness and higher ISS. However, large prospective studies are warranted to support these findings and to establish the institutional guidelines for the management of occult pneumothorax.
Interdisciplinary Secondary-School Workshop
Authors: Fejes Tóth Péter , Vankó Péter , Borovcnik Manfred 
Published: March 2020

The paper describes a teaching unit of four hours with talented students aged 15-18. The workshop was designed as a problem-based sequence of tasks and was intended to deal with judging dice whether they are regular or loaded. We first introduced the students to the physics of free rotations of rigid bodies to develop the physics background of rolling dice. The highlight of this part was to recognise that cubes made from homogeneous material are the optimal form for six-sided objects leading to equal probabilities of the single faces. Experiments with all five regular bodies would lead to similar results; nevertheless, in our experiments we focused on regular cubes. This reinsures that the participants have their own experience with the context. Then, we studied rolling dice from the probabilistic point of view and – step-by-step – by extending tasks and simulations, we introduced the idea of the chi-squared test interactively with the students. The physics and the statistics part of the paper are largely independent and can be also be read separately. The success of the statistics part is best described by the fact that the students recognised that in some cases of loaded dice, it is easier to detect that property and in other cases one would need many data to make a decision with small error probabilities. A physical examination of the dice under inspection can lead to a quick and correct decision. Yet, such a physical check may fail for some reason. However, a statistical test will always lead to reasonable decision, but may require a large database. Furthermore, especially for smaller datasets, balancing the risk of different types of errors remains a key issue, which is a characteristic feature of statistical testing.
Subject Classification: F90, K90, M50, R30
Jovens infratores em Araguaína/TO e sociedade de consumo
Authors: Filho Miguel Pacifico , Borges Thelma Pontes , Ribeiro Laísa Lopes 
Published: March 2020

Os padrões impostos pela sociedade de consumo alteraram o modo das pessoas se relacionarem, a forma como se identificam socialmente e os seus valores, tendendo a formar uma massa homogênea de consumidores com reduzida capacidade crítica. A soma da necessidade de adquirir símbolos de status quo e de produtos legitimados pela ideia de pertencimento social configuram-se como essenciais na construção de identidade. Observamos que muitas das infrações cometidas por jovens estão circunstanciadas pela busca de obtenção de determinados objetos de legitimação social. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar, por meio de análise documental, o tipo de ato infracional cometido pelos adolescentes em cumprimento de Prestação de Serviço à Comunidade e Liberdade Assistida no Brasil e, mais especificamente, no município de Araguaína-TO, bem como a correlação entre o tipo de infração praticado e a dinâmica de consumo das sociedades contemporâneas, tendo como fundamento a teoria proposta por Bauman. A metodologia adotada fundamentou-se no levantamento de dados oficiais encontrados nos censos do governo federal e nos processos judiciais do Centro de Referência Especializado em Atendimento ao Indivíduo e a Família de Araguaína-TO, referentes ao mês de agosto de 2018. Esse procedimento permitiu refletir sobre a fragilidade dos jovens infratores frente à contemporaneidade, bem como a necessidade da elaboração de políticas públicas minimizadoras de desigualdades. Palavras-chave: Jovens infratores. Medidas socioeducativas. Sociedade de consumo. Araguaína (TO).
Desempenho de feijão-caupi influenciado por populações e espaçamentos distintos no sudeste do Pará
Authors: Silva Fernanda Miruê da , Hungria Letícia Cunha da , Sacramento Priscila Pereira , El-Husny Jamil Chaar , Borges Luciana da Silva 
Published: March 2020

A expressão do potencial produtivo do feijão-caupi depende da combinação de diversos fatores, incluindo o sistema de produção utilizado, condições de clima e solo da área de cultivo e práticas como o número de plantas por área e espaçamento entre linhas de plantio. Neste contexto, o objetivo foi avaliar a produtividade do feijão-caupi cv BRS Guariba em diferentes populações de plantas e espaçamentos sob condições edafoclimáticas do sudeste paraense, Amazônia brasileira. Para isso, utilizou-se delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois espaçamentos: 0,4 e 0,5 m; e cinco populações de plantas por hectare: 160.000, 220.000, 280.000, 340.000, 400.000 plantas ha-1. Foram avaliados o número de vagem por planta, número de grãos por vagem, comprimento de vagem (cm), produtividade de grãos (kg ha-1) e peso de 100 grãos (g). A menor população de plantas (160.000 plantas ha-1) utilizada promoveu o maior número médio de vagem por planta em ambos os espaçamentos. O comprimento médio da vagem foi de 21,2 cm, o qual não foi influenciado por nenhum dos fatores estudados. O número de grãos por vagem foi superior em espaçamento de 0,5 m (11,8) em relação a 0,4 m (11,3). No entanto, somente houve diferença no número de grãos por vagem entre as populações dentro do menor espaçamento de plantio, com destaque para as maiores populações (400.000, 340.000 e 280.000 plantas ha-1). A produtividade de grãos variou de 524,7 a 995,1 kg ha-1, com produtividades superiores correspondendo às populações de 400.000, 340.000 e 280.000 plantas ha-1, independentemente do espaçamento utilizado. Por outro lado, o peso dos grãos foi pouco alterado em função dos tratamentos.
A Small, Stateless Nation in the World Market for Book Translations: The Politics and Policies of the Flemish Literature Fund
Authors: McMartin Jack 
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses the Flemish Literature Fund (FLF), an autonomous government organisation created in 1999 by the Flemish Community to support Flemish literature at home and abroad. It traces the institutional history of the FLF, situating the organisation in the context of Flanders’ longstanding struggle for cultural autonomy within the Belgian state on the one hand and its strong but unequal ties to the Netherlands on the other. Using a translation sociological analytical framework, it goes on to argue that the FLF’s outgoing translation grant decisions reflect two strategies of international dissemination: a focus on the central languages of English, German and French, and a strategic use of the picture book genre to break into emerging languages on the periphery, especially Chinese. While the case of the FLF clearly illustrates the shifting power relations between state and market agents in the era of globalisation, it also indicates a novel approach to state-supported literary export designed to maximise a small, stateless nation’s international resonance in a world market for translations dominated by larger (nation-) states and languages.
Genomic analysis of variability in Delta-toxin levels between Staphylococcus aureus strains
Authors: Su Michelle , Lyles James T. , Petit III Robert A. , Peterson Jessica , Hargita Michelle , Tang Huaqiao , Solis-Lemus Claudia , Quave Cassandra L. , Read Timothy D. 
Published: March 2020

Background
The delta-toxin (δ-toxin) of Staphylococcus aureus is the only hemolysin shown to cause mast cell degranulation and is linked to atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease. We sought to characterize variation in δ-toxin production across S. aureus strains and identify genetic loci potentially associated with differences between strains.

Methods
A set of 124 S. aureus strains was genome-sequenced and δ-toxin levels in stationary phase supernatants determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SNPs and kmers were associated with differences in toxin production using four genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods. Transposon mutations in candidate genes were tested for their δ-toxin levels. We constructed XGBoost models to predict toxin production based on genetic loci discovered to be potentially associated with the phenotype.

Results
The S. aureus strain set encompassed 40 sequence types (STs) in 23 clonal complexes (CCs). δ-toxin production ranged from barely detectable levels to >90,000 units, with a median of >8,000 units. CC30 had significantly lower levels of toxin production than average while CC45 and CC121 were higher. MSSA (methicillin sensitive) strains had higher δ-toxin production than MRSA (methicillin resistant) strains. Through multiple GWAS approaches, 45 genes were found to be potentially associated with toxicity. Machine learning models using loci discovered through GWAS as features were able to predict δ-toxin production (as a high/low binary phenotype) with a precision of .875 and specificity of .990 but recall of .333. We discovered that mutants in the carA gene, encoding the small chain of carbamoyl phosphate synthase, completely abolished toxin production and toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Conclusions
The amount of stationary phase production of the toxin is a strain-specific phenotype likely affected by a complex interaction of number of genes with different levels of effect. We discovered new candidate genes that potentially play a role in modulating production. We report for the first time that the product of the carA gene is necessary for δ-toxin production in USA300. This work lays a foundation for future work on understanding toxin regulation in S. aureus and prediction of phenotypes from genomic sequences.
Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) chloroplast genome sequence as a promising target for populations studies
Authors: Cafa Giovanni , Baroncelli Riccardo , Ellison Carol A. , Kurose Daisuke 
Published: March 2020

Background
Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae) is a highly invasive annual species native of the Himalayas. Biocontrol of the plant using the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae is currently being implemented, but issues have arisen with matching UK weed genotypes with compatible strains of the pathogen. To support successful biocontrol, a better understanding of the host weed population, including potential sources of introductions, of Himalayan balsam is required.

Methods
In this molecular study, two new complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of I. glandulifera were obtained with low coverage whole genome sequencing (genome skimming). A 125-year-old herbarium specimen (HB92) collected from the native range was sequenced and assembled and compared with a 2-year-old specimen from UK field plants (HB10).

Results
The complete cp genomes were double-stranded molecules of 152,260 bp (HB92) and 152,203 bp (HB10) in length and showed 97 variable sites: 27 intragenic and 70 intergenic. The two genomes were aligned and mapped with two closely related genomes used as references. Genome skimming generates complete organellar genomes with limited technical and financial efforts and produces large datasets compared to multi-locus sequence typing. This study demonstrates the suitability of genome skimming for generating complete cp genomes of historic herbarium material. It also shows that complete cp genomes are solid genetic markers for population studies that could be linked to plant evolution and aid with targeting native range and natural enemy surveys for biocontrol of invasive species.
Cardiac arrhythmias in Dravet syndrome: an observational multicenter study
Authors: Shmuely Sharon , Surges Rainer , Helling Robert M. , Gunning W. Boudewijn , Brilstra Eva H. , Verhoeven Judith S. , Cross J. Helen , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Tan Hanno L. , Sander Josemir W. , Thijs Roland D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe ascertained the prevalence of ictal arrhythmias to explain the high rate of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in Dravet syndrome (DS).MethodsWe selected cases with clinical DS, ≥6 years, SCN1A mutation, and ≥1 seizure/week. Home‐based ECG recordings were performed for 20 days continuously. Cases were matched for age and sex to two epilepsy controls with no DS and ≥1 major motor seizure during video‐EEG. We determined the prevalence of peri‐ictal asystole, bradycardia, QTc changes, and effects of convulsive seizures (CS) on heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and PR/QRS. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for multiple seizures within subjects, seizure type, and sleep/wakefulness.ResultsWe included 59 cases. Ictal recordings were obtained in 45 cases and compared to 90 controls. We analyzed 547 seizures in DS (300 CS) and 169 in controls (120 CS). No asystole occurred. Postictal bradycardia was more common in controls (n = 11, 6.5%) than cases (n = 4, 0.7%; P = 0.002). Peri‐ictal QTc‐lengthening (≥60ms) occurred more frequently in DS (n = 64, 12%) than controls (n = 8, 4.7%, P = 0.048); pathologically prolonged QTc was rare (once in each group). In DS, interictal HRV was lower compared to controls (RMSSD P = 0.029); peri‐ictal values did not differ between the groups. Prolonged QRS/PR was rare and more common in controls (QRS: one vs. none; PR: three vs. one).InterpretationWe did not identify major arrhythmias in DS which can directly explain high SUDEP rates. Peri‐ictal QTc‐lengthening was, however, more common in DS. This may reflect unstable repolarization and an increased propensity for arrhythmias.
Beyond Perovskite Solar Cells: Tellurium Iodide as a Promising Light‐Absorbing Material for Solution‐Processed Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Said Ahmed Ali , Xie Jian , Zhao Kexiang , Liu Wenbo , Yu Fei , Zhang Qichun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSearching new light‐absorbing materials to replace toxic lead halide in solar cells is very important and highly desirable. In this research, we firstly demonstrated that tellurium iodide (TeI4) could be used as a light‐absorbing material in solar cells due to its suitable optical band gap and the active lone‐pair electron orbital in Te4+. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE=3.56%) was achieved with a concentration of 0.9 M TeI4 in DMF:DMSO (4 : 1, v,v) without any heat treatment or antisolvent dripping. Our study indicates the promising potential of TeI4 for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.