bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary evaluation of a rapid lateral flow calprotectin test for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Trotter Alexander J. , Dean Rachael , Whitehouse Celia E. , Mikalsen Jarle , Hill Claire , Brunton-Sim Roxanne , Kay Gemma L. , Shakokani Majeed , Durst Alexander Z. E. , Wain John , McNamara Iain , O’Grady Justin 
Published: May 2020

AimsThis pilot study tested the performance of a rapid assay for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection (PJI), which measures synovial fluid calprotectin from total hip and knee revision patients.MethodsA convenience series of 69 synovial fluid samples from revision patients at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital were collected intraoperatively (52 hips, 17 knees) and frozen. Synovial fluid calprotectin was measured retrospectively using a new commercially available lateral flow assay for PJI diagnosis (Lyfstone AS) and compared to International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2018 criteria and clinical case review (ICM-CR) gold standards.ResultsAccording to ICM, 24 patients were defined as PJI positive and the remaining 45 were negative. The overall accuracy of the lateral flow test compared to ICM was 75.36% (52/69, 95% CI 63.51% to 84.95%), sensitivity and specificity were 75.00% (18/24, 95% CI 53.29% to 90.23%) and 75.56% (34/45, 95% CI 60.46% to 87.12%), respectively, positive predictive value (PPV) was 62.07% (18/29, 95% CI 48.23% to 74.19%) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 85.00% (34/40, 95% CI 73.54% to 92.04%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.78 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.87). Patient data from discordant cases were reviewed by the clinical team to develop the ICM-CR gold standard. The lateral flow test performance improved significantly when compared to ICM-CR, with accuracy increasing to 82.61% (57/69, 95% CI 71.59% to 90.68%), sensitivity increasing to 94.74% (18/19, 95% CI 73.97% to 99.87%), NPV increasing to 97.50% (39/40, 95% CI 85.20% to 99.62%), and AUC increasing to 0.91 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.96). Test performance was better in knees (100.00% accurate (17/17, 95% CI 80.49% to 100.00%)) compared to hips (76.92% accurate (40/52, 95% CI 63.16% to 87.47%)).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the calprotectin lateral flow assay could be an effective diagnostic test for PJI, however additional prospective studies testing fresh samples are required. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):202–210.
The Classical Debt: Greek Antiquity in an Era of Austerity, Johanna Hanink (2017)
Authors: Malouta Myrto 
Published: May 2020

Review of: The Classical Debt: Greek Antiquity in an Era of Austerity, Johanna Hanink (2017)
Cambridge, MA and London, UK: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 338 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-67497-154-7, $29.95

To Prosfato Mellon: I Klasiki Arhaiotita Os Viopolitiko Ergaleio (The Recent Future: Classical Antiquity as Biopolitical Apparatus), Dimitris Plantzos (2016)
Athens: Nefeli Publishing, 272 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-60504-151-9, €17.90
Roidis and the Borrowed Muse: British Historiography, Fiction and Satire in Pope Joan, Foteini Lika (2018)
Authors: Apostoli Persa 
Published: May 2020

Review of: Roidis and the Borrowed Muse: British Historiography, Fiction and Satire in Pope Joan, Foteini Lika (2018)
Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 295 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-44388-113-5, h/bk, £47.99
Telemachus
Authors: Deumier Sandrine , Lamy Philippe 
Published: May 2020

web fiction« — [until the light takes us]
On track. Notifications (3). Dashboard. Prochaine destination — 43°18’15.79’’ N 5°23’07.04’’ E. Température ressentie: 23°. Prévision probabiliste sur très faible incertitude. Modifier votre profil. Voir votre profil public. Modifier vos préférences. @si proche. Courbure d’espace-temps ressentie: totale. Data recovery. Version d’essai gratuite.
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Ontology for New Media Hybridity
Authors: Waki Fábio 
Published: May 2020

Review of Jihoon Kim, Between Film, Video, and the Digital: Hybrid Moving Images in the Post-media Age, New York: Bloomsbury, 2016, 404 pp., ISBN 978-1-6289-2293-6.
In Between Film, Video, and the Digital: Hybrid Moving Images in the Post-media Age, Jihoon Kim tries to describe the ontology of contemporary artworks produced within the universe of New Media Art, particularly the ontology of those works he understands as hybrid moving images, images whose typical materialities are denatured, deconstructed, and resignified when remediated through digital platforms, technical supports or artistic practices initially strange to them. Revising theories by important art critics of the last decades, such as Clement Greenberg and Rosalind Krauss, and combining them with theories by contemporary art critics, such as Lev Manovich and Peter Weibel, Kim provides us new tools for understanding why this New Media hybridity is feasible as visual fruition, as well as why it is progressively capable of grasping new, historically-oriented, image possibilities.
Falar, Respirar, Fotocopiar: Margens que Não Estão pelos Ajustes
Authors: Ministro Bruno 
Published: May 2020

Recensão crítica à obra de Kate Eichhorn, Adjusted Margin: Xerography, Art, and Activism in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2016, 216 pp. ISBN 9780262033961.
DEGRADAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE NASCENTES NA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DAS PITAS-MT: O QUE PENSAM OS PEQUENOS PRODUTORES RURAIS?
Authors: Mariano Santiago Schiavinato Vanusa , Dominguez Gonzalez Alfredo Zenen 
Published: May 2020

Considerando os efeitos da degradação das nascentes na disponibilidade de recursos hídricos em Mato Grosso, a pesquisa objetivou identificar a percepção de uma amostra de pequenos produtores rurais da sub-bacia hidrográfica do córrego das Pitas sobre o manejo das suas áreas de nascentes. A metodologia utilizada compreendeu observações in loco e aplicação de questionário a produtores selecionados, intencionalmente. Os resultados indicam que a intensa ocupação da sub-bacia atingiu todas as nascentes estudadas, onde a diversidade de usos provocou impactos ambientais que explicam a sua atual degradação. Entretanto, a percepção dos proprietários sobre o manejo das suas nascentes é inadequada, associado, principalmente, ao baixo nível de escolaridade, falta de assistência técnica e cursos profissionalizantes, e insuficiente fiscalização das ações de proteção estabelecidas na legislação vigente. Conclui-se que é necessário propor ações prioritárias orientadas a estimular uma adequada gestão ambiental nas propriedades rurais, envolvendo os atores sociais que poderiam protagonizar a sua implementação.
Palavras-chave: Ocupação; Impactos ambientais; Avaliação; Percepção.
The acute and chronic effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on hormonal responses in untrained young men: A comparison of frequency
Authors: Sharifi Saman , Monazzami Amirabbas , Nikousefat Zahra , Heyrani Ali , Yari Kheirollah 
Published: May 2020

The present study aimed to determine the effect of low-intensity training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the response rate of anabolic hormones. Forty healthy and untrained young men, aged 18 to 25 years old, were randomly divided into five groups: one session of BFR training (BFR1), two sessions of BFR training (BFR2), one session of resistance training without BFR (WBFR1), two sessions of resistance training without BFR (WBFR2), and the control group (without training). BFR groups had three sets of 20 repetitions with 20-30% 1RM, and none-BFR groups had three sets of 10 repetitions with 70-80% 1RM for six weeks. Both BFR1 and WBFR1 groups trained 3day a week (1 session in a day and three sessions a week), BFR2 and WBFR2 groups trained three days a week (but two sessions a day and six sessions in a week) and Control group did not perform any training. The mean changes in growth hormone(GH), testosterone(TS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) hormones were determined by ELISA technique before, after a first training session and after six weeks of the training program. To the analysis of data, two way repeated measures ANOVA at a significant level of P<0.05 also were used. The results showed a significant increase in GH levels in each of the four training groups as compared with the pre-test and the control group after a first training session and after six weeks of the training program (P<0.05). There was no significant increase in TS levels in each of the four training groups, as compared with the pre-test and the control group in both acute and chronic TS response (P>0.05). Only the WBFR1 group did not significantly increase in VEGF levels after the first training session (P>0.05). In chronic VEGF response, there were no significant changes observed in all training groups as compared with the control group(P>0.05). Despite the effectiveness of low-intensity BFR training, such as high-intensity resistance training on hormonal responses, two sessions per day training with the same volume does not necessarily result in larger responses in all hormones than one session per day training.
Evaluation of in vitro biological activities: antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; anti-cholinesterase; anti- xanthine oxidase, anti-superoxyde dismutase, anti-Î±-glucosidase and cytotoxic of 19 bioflavonoids
Authors: Khelifi Imen , Hayouni El Akrem , Cazaux Sylvie , Ksouri Riadh , Bouajila Jalloul 
Published: May 2020

Pure compounds belonging to phenolic family were studied for their biological potential such as 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (M1), rutin hydrate (M2), 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (M3), taxifolin (M4), myricetin (M5), plumbagin (M6), silibinin (M7), dihydromyricetin (M8), shikonin (M9), quercetin 3-Î²-D-glucoside (M10), (±)-taxifolin hydrate (M11), cardamonin (M12),(âˆ’)-epicatechin (M13), 9-chloro-10-hydroxy-anthracene-1,4-dione (M14), 9-chloro-10-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-anthracene-1,4-dione (M15), 2-chloro-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)-1,4-naphthoquinone (M16), 2-chloro-3-(4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-(1,4) naphthoquinone (M17), 2-chloro-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-(1,4)-naphtoquinone (M18), and myricitrin dihydrate (M19). These molecules were chosen based on two reasons; the limited or total absence of their exploitation in several studied activities and the use of other tests for the same activity. The evaluation of the in vitro anti-acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE), anti-5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), anti-xanthine oxidase (XOD), anti-alpha glucosidase, anti-superoxide dismutase (SOD), anti-oxidant (DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2- azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate)), and anticancer activities of mentioned 19 molecules was explored during this work. M3, M14, M15, M16, M17, M18, M19 were exploited for the first time for such purposes. Tested compounds were shown to have interesting radical scavenging abilities against DPPH radicals, and the highest molecules among them were M19 and M5 (IC50 = 12.0 and 15.5 µM, respectively), and M4, M19 and M2 against ABTS (IC50= 1.9, 4.3 and 4.3 µM, respectively). Moreover, the majority of products showed very important cytotoxic activity since IC50 values were ranging between (IC50= 0.2 µM (M1) and 79 µM (M8)) against HCT116 cell line, and values of IC50= 0.2 µM for M1 against MCF7 cell line. All new molecules (non studied before) were shown to have great cytotoxic effect against both cancer cell lines.Furthermore, molecule M5 was shown to have anti-inflammatory potential via the inhibition of 5-LOX enzyme (65% at 100 µM). In addition, M19 showed important anti XOD activity with 47% of inhibition at 100 µM. Also, it has been found that compound M3 had the best anti alpha glucosidase activity with 43.8 % of inhibition at 100 µM, the highest anti-AChE effect (IC50= 14.5 µM), and the best effect towards SOD (IC50= 10.0 µM). A structure-activity relationship study was also performed.
Tormentic acid confers protection against oxidative stress injury in rats with Parkinson's disease by targeting the Wnt/Î²-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Yue Yamin , Qiao Bai , Jiang Xiaohua 
Published: May 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have shown that oxidative stress (OS) may contribute to the cascade of reactions leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The present study investigated the protective effect of tormentic acid (TMA) on OS-induced injury in rat model of PD, and the underlying mechanism. Evaluation of learning and memorizing ability was done using Morris water maze (MWM) test. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in substantia nigra were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein and mRNA expressions of Î²-catenin, GSK-3Î², and GSK-3Î²-Ser9 were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. The effect of TA on cell viability and proliferation was determined in vitro on rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line using MTT assay. The results showed that the escape latency of rats in negative control group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (p < 0.05). However, treatment with TMA significantly and time-dependently reduced the escape latency of the rats (p < 0.05). The extent of apoptosis was significantly reduced after treatment with TMA (p < 0.05). Besides, treatment with TMA significantly increased the viability of brain cells (p < 0.05). The activities of SOD and GPx were significantly lower in negative control group than in normal control group, but were significantly increased after treatment with TMA (p < 0.05). The level of MDA was significantly higher in negative control group than in normal control group, but was significantly reduced after treatment with TMA (p < 0.05). The results of qRT-PCR and Western blotting showed that treatment with TMA significantly activated Wnt/Î²-catenin signaling pathway (p < 0.05). TMA treatment significantly reversed the effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on the expression levels of these proteins and their mRNAs (p < 0.05). These results suggest that TMA confers protection against OS-induced injury in rats with PD by targeting the Wnt/Î²-catenin signaling pathway.
Macelignan protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis of renal epithelial cells
Authors: Long Jianhua , Qian Kun , Tan Shubo , Liu Jia , Li Jianjun 
Published: May 2020

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to tissue damage that occurs when blood supply returns to tissue after a period of ischemia, anoxia or hypoxia. It occurs frequently during shock, organ transplantation and heart failure. It can cause impairment or even renal failure. Macelignan is a lignin isolated from the seeds of Myristica fragrans. It has been reported to inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative toxicity. The preventive or therapeutic effects of macelignan on renal IRI has not been reported. The present study investigated the effects of macelignan on renal IRI in rats, and the underlying mechanism(s). Healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 50) aged 7 – 9 weeks (mean weight = 220 ± 20 g) were used in this study. The rats were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 rats each: sham treated group, IRI group and 40 mg macelignan/kg body weight (bwt) group, 80 mg macelignan/kg bwt group, and 160 mg macelignan/kg bwt group. Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in the rats using standard procedure. The results showed that serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor Î± (TNF-Î±) and gamma interferon (IFN-Î³) were significantly higher in IRI group than in sham treated group, but were significantly and dose-dependently reduced after treatment with macelignan (p < 0.05). The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) level were significantly reduced in IRI group, when compared with sham treated group, but were significantly and dose-dependently increased after treatment with macelignan (p < 0.05). However, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher in IRI group than in sham treated group, but treatment with macelignan reduced it significantly and dose-dependently (p < 0.05). Macelignan also significantly and dose-dependently inhibited IRI-induced apoptosis in epithelial cells of renal tubules (p < 0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that IRI significantly upregulated the expressions of bax and caspase-3, and down-regulated the expression of bcl-2 in epithelial cells of renal tubules (p < 0.05). However, treatment with macelignan significantly and dose-dependently down-regulated the expressions of bax and caspase-3 in these cells, but significantly and dose-dependently upregulated the expression of bcl-2. These results show that macelignan confers protection on renal IRI via mechanisms involving inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis, and stimulation of natural antioxidant defense system.
Institutional Challenges In Managing County Government Resources In Kenya
Authors: ORIBU WILLIAM SAGINI 
Published: May 2020

In 2010 the Government of Kenya promulgated a new Constitution, articulating a devolved-system of Government entailing a National Government and County Governments. As a key pillar to the constitution of Kenya, devolution seeks to bring governance closer to the people. Kenyans are therefore looking at the county governments to derive the required change in the country. However, fundamental challenges have continued to dog the Counties including irregular or delayed disbursement of devolved funds from the national Exchequer; low revenue collection levels from local sources; weak and uncoordinated planning and execution among others. This has led to several stalled projects; indebtedness to suppliers; inadequate capacity at the county level to effectively and efficiently perform the devolved functions; inadequate financial resources among others. Although there are opportunities for Foreign Direct Investment and capital inflow; Public-Private Partnerships; Grants; Exchange programs; and wider markets for the local products, that the Counties need to explore and pursue, most of them are not in a position to sustain themselves. The purpose of this paper is to review the Institutional and Legal frameworks as provided by the Constitution of Kenya using the business sustainability model of the seven Ps (i.e. Preparation, People, Processes, Preservation, Place, Product and Production). It is hoped that the paper will form a conceptual framework to inform future county Government’s strategic decisions in order to utilize grants from development partners for the improvement of their citizens welfare. Further the paper will inform policy makers and development partners on fundamental areas that may need to be looked at in order to ensure effective utilization of available resources.
Cost Effectiveness Of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Research Framework
Authors: SULAIMAN SUZANA , SAHOL NAZREEN 
Published: May 2020

The growing of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) has contributed to higher risk and costs in managing Type 2 Diabetes patients. Diabetes patients are exposed to develop serious health complications. It can lead to related diseases affecting heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves and teeth. There is no proper framework on operation management and cost effectiveness in treating diabetes patients in Malaysia. Hence, it demanded on the elements and associated costs incurred by both healthcare provider and patients.
This paper adopted five stages in analyzing its relevant literatures. Cost effectiveness, healthcare provider, operation management and self-management were the literatures studied. It also highlighted on management accounting gained its relevancy and contribution towards health industry. As a result, a cost effectiveness of Type 2 Diabetes framework was developed. Cost effectiveness is a key component in determining value for money. This framework provides the value for money model for Type 2 Diabetes patients. The framework clearly provides the components of cost-effectiveness and 3Es: Economy, Efficiency; Effectiveness. Objectives, resources, input, processes, output, outcomes (intended or intended) and other influences are the components.
Spiders or Butterflies? Despite Student Preference, Gender-Biased Lesson Models. Do Not Impact Interest, Attitude, and Learning in Biology
Authors: Buxton Amy , Jensen Jamie , Wright Geoff , Bybee Seth , Phillips Andrea , Phillips Tanner , Steadman Michael 
Published: May 2020

Background: Educational research often emphasizes the prevalent gender gap between males and females in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. In our study, we took a new approach on gender research by specifically considering whether there is a gender-oriented preference in curricular models (the specific lesson examples and content used to teach a broader biology topic, e.g., dust mites as a model of symbiosis) implemented to teach biology and how these models affect student interest, attitude, and learning. We sampled kindergarten through sixth grade students to determine whether a gender-oriented preference concerning lesson models exists and when that preference is most prevalent. We then designed active-learning curricula surrounding the models showing the largest gender preference and measured whether lesson model or presenter gender impacted student interest, attitude, and learning.
Results: Our findings show that students do indeed indicate a preference to learn using their own gender-oriented lesson models from kindergarten through sixth grade, but that the lesson model and presenter gender do not impact student interest, attitude, or learning during an active learning biology presentation.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that teachers as early as kindergarten should be aware and sensitive to the gender-based preferences for models used in teaching science that may exist within their classrooms and opt to alternate between male- and female-oriented lesson models to create a more inclusive classroom and to encourage especially females to pursue science. However, we offer strong advice to teachers to implement active-learning lessons as this may be the key to eliminating such gendered effects, as shown by our research.
How Comfortable Are You Really?
Authors: Kohler Patricia , Slaton Chayla , Wingfield Rachel , Barnes Candice , Ward Ashley 
Published: May 2020

In an increasingly diverse school population, teachers find themselves facing students whose ethnicities, cultures, experiences, and religions are vastly different from their own. While this is a fantastic opportunity to develop a unique learning community, it is also challenging for teachers who may or may not have adequate training to meet the needs of all students. Using a survey designed to determine how comfortable an individual is in a variety of situations characterized by diversity, pre-service education candidates from the Elementary K-6 and Special Education K-12 degree programs from a mid-sized university in Arkansas were given a questionnaire on their comfortability with different diversity characteristics. The semester in which participants engaged in this survey included field placement. Results from the questionnaire indicated that the lowest average comfortability rating was for the HIV category, and the highest average comfortability rating was for the disability category. Qualitative information suggests that pre-service teachers perceive that they are "comfortable" with different groups of people, although previous research cautions against this comfortability. The authors suggest that teacher education programs, professional development, and staff in-service training on diversity topics should consider several practices designed to bolster how teacher candidates prepare to work with diverse populations of students.
Keywords: teacher candidates, diversity, perceptions, comfortability