bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supertetragonal Phases of Perovskite Oxides: Insights from Electronic Structure Calculations
Authors: Cohen Netanela , Diéguez Oswaldo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe review some of the insights that electronic‐structure calculations has brought about the properties of the materials with the largest electric polarization known – supertetragonal perovskite oxides. These are materials whose structure corresponds to a perovskite that has been substantially strechted along one of its pseudocubic axes. They grow in different forms: bulk crystals (such as BiCoO3), epitaxial films (such as BiFeO3), nanowires whose inside is under negative pressure (such as PbTiO3), and others. Electronic structure calculations based on density‐functional theory have revealed that supertetragonality potentially exist for many perovskite oxides under the right conditions, and they have helped explain why some of those conditions are easy to reach for some of the materials of the family, but not for others.
Numerical modelling of contracted sharp‐crested weirs and combined weir and gate systems
Authors: Altan‐Sakarya A. Burcu , Kokpinar M. Ali , Duru Aysel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDischarge measurement and control structures are widely employed in hydraulic engineering applications. The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the modelling of two different structures, namely sharp‐crested weirs as Problem 1 and combined weir and gate systems as Problem 2. The research methodology herein is based on the comparison of results of numerical simulations with experimental data for both problems separately. For the purpose of performing numerical simulations, the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are solved by finite volume formulation using commercially available Flow‐3D software. Assessment of empirical data and numerical findings for both problems reveals that discharge rates agree reasonably well. In addition, using the capabilities of numerical modelling, weir and gate discharge coefficients in the combined system are calculated separately which were not easy to obtain in experimental studies. It is seen that gate and weir discharge coefficients of the combined system are different and higher than the corresponding coefficients of the individual systems. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater in irrigation districts in China*
Authors: Liu Jing , Hu Yaqiong , Chen Haorui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn China, irrigation plays a significant role in guaranteeing national food security. However, with the development of society and the economy, water resources have become increasingly short and the conflict between water supply and requirement is worsening in irrigation districts. How to optimize and allocate the limited water resources has become a research focus. Combining groundwater and surface water for agricultural irrigation is an effective approach to solve the problems. It is helpful to regulate and utilize the limited water resources more reasonably by conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater. It is also significant in protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development of irrigation districts. In this paper, the definition, principles and advantages of conjunctive use of surface and groundwater are introduced. Then related research is discussed from the perspectives of the research objectives, computing model and methodology. Study of the model on conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in irrigation districts is of great practical significance for the optimal allocation of water, the improvement of water resources utilization efficiency and the economic benefit of irrigated areas. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting hemodynamic changes in the foot vessels of diabetic patients by photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Yang Jinge , Zhang Guang , Shang Qiquan , Wu Man , Huang Lin , Jiang Huabei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLimb perfusion monitoring is critical for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients as they are vulnerable to vascular complications due to prolonged hyperglycemia. However, current clinical approaches are ineffective in vascular imaging and in assessing vascular function in lower limbs. In this work, a concave ultrasound transducer array‐based photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system was used to image the foot dorsal section of a subject, and a total of seven DM patients and seven healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Hemodynamic changes in foot vessels during vascular occlusion as well as oxygen saturation (SO2) in rest were analyzed for both groups. The results obtained showed that DM patients have a unique peripheral hemodynamic response to occlusion and a lower level SO2, compared to that for healthy subjects. This suggests that PAT has the potential to detect vascular dysfunction in DM patients and to measure the effect of treatment.
Transcranial photobiomodulation attenuates pentylenetetrazole‐induced status epilepticus in peripubertal rats
Authors: Tsai Chung‐Min , Chang Shwu‐Fen , Chang Hsi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConvulsive status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency in children. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) reverses elevated rodent neurotransmitters after status epilepticus (SE) yet whether tPBM can attenuate seizure behaviors remains unknown. Here, we applied near‐infrared laser at wavelength 808 nm transcranially to peripubertal Sprague‐Dawley rats prior to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection. Hematoxylin‐eosin, immunofluorescence (IF) staining with anti‐parvalbumin (PV) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assay after IF staining was performed. Behaviorally, tPBM attenuated the mean seizure score and reduced the incidence of SE and mortality. Histochemically, tPBM reduced dark neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus, lessened the apoptotic ratio of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons (PV‐INs) and alleviated the aberrant extent of PV‐positive unstained somata of PCs in the hippocampus. Conclusively, tPBM attenuated PTZ‐induced seizures, SE and mortality in peripubertal rats and reduced PTZ‐induced neuronal injury, apoptosis of PV‐INs and preserved PV positive perisomatic inhibitory network in the hippocampus.
Double‐blind, randomized controlled trial of therapeutic plasma exchanges vs sham exchanges in moderate‐to‐severe relapses of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Brochet Bruno , Deloire Mathilde , Germain Christine , Ouallet Jean‐Christophe , Wittkop Linda , Dulau Cécile , Perez Paul , Thevenot Florian , De Sèze Jérome , Zéphir Hélène , Vermersch Patrick , Pittion Sophie , Debouverie Marc , Laplaud David‐Axel , Clavelou Pierre , Ruet Aurélie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionNo randomized controlled clinical trial of therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPE) has yet been performed for moderate‐to‐severe relapses of multiple sclerosis (MS).ObjectiveTo compare TPE to sham‐TPE in patients with a recent steroid‐resistant moderate‐to‐severe MS relapse.MethodsPatients presenting with an MS relapse of less than 2 months without improvement and 15 days after a course of steroids were randomized. Specific criteria were used for each relapse type to define moderate‐to‐severe disability. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with at least a moderate improvement based on objective and functional evaluation after 1 month.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were randomized. The intention‐to‐treat analysis included 14 patients in the TPE group and 17 in the Sham‐TPE group. The proportion of patients with at least moderate improvement at 1 month did not differ between the groups (P = .72), although 57.1% of the TPE group had full recovery compared with 17.6% of the sham group. Considering optic neuritis (ON), a significant difference in the proportion of different levels of improvement was observed in favor of the TPE group (P = .04). The combined Kurtzke's functional systems scores were significantly more improved in the TPE group than in the sham‐TPE group at months 1 (P < .01), 3 (P < .05), and 6 (P < .05). No major side effects were observed.ConclusionsA significant difference between TPE and Sham‐TPE at the primary endpoint was only observed in patients with ON. Neurological function improved significantly more often in the TPE group than in the sham‐TPE group.
Compound heterozygous RPE65 mutations associated with an early onset autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Owczarek‐Lipska Marta , Song Fei , Jakšić Vesna , Neidhardt John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophies. Identification of disease‐causing mutations is a prerequisite for applying targeted therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to identify disease‐associated mutations in a large Serbian family, in which two brothers have suffered from RP starting in the first decade of their lives.MethodsThe index patient and 12 additional members of a four‐generation family were analyzed. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations. Genomic DNA was isolated from family members to perform whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing of candidate genes.ResultsAn early onset RP phenotype was presented in both ocular fundi of the index patient and his brother: arteriolar attenuation, as well as retinal pigmentary changes in peripheral fundus and waxy disc pallor. Both brothers showed foveal thinning. The index patient showed epiretinal membranes in both eyes and a parafoveal cystic lesion in his right eye, whereas the brother of the index patient showed choroid folds and vitreomacular adhesion in his left eye. We identified compound heterozygous mutations in the RPE65 gene (a novel c.1338+1G>A splice donor site mutation in addition to the frame‐shifting mutation c.1207_1210dup (p.Glu404Alafs*4)) using an in‐house WES pipeline.ConclusionsEvaluation of all previously described RPE65 mutations showed that the sequence variants identified in the present study located to rarely altered exons and likely effect a highly conserved region of the RPE65 protein. Gene augmentation therapies might be a promising treatment option for the patients described.
A description of medical malpractice claims involving advanced practice providers
Authors: Myers Laura C. , Sawicki Darlene , Heard Lisa , Camargo Carlos A. , Mort Elizabeth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe number of physician assistants (PAs) and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), together known as advanced practice providers (APPs), has risen dramatically. The goal is identifying characteristics of paid medical malpractice claims, in which APPs are defendants.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using Harvard's malpractice insurer's national database. Closed claims (2007‐2016) with PAs, APRNs, or physicians as defendants. The primary analysis compared claims by role group by patient‐, provider‐, and claim‐level characteristics. Supplemental analyses compared claims naming APPs with and without physicians. Multivariable logistic regression identified variables associated with claim payment.ResultsOf 54,772 claims, PAs were defendants without APRNs or physicians in 26 claims; APRNs were defendants without PAs or physicians in 63; physicians were defendants without PAs or APRNs in 37,354. Approximately 75% of claims naming APPs co‐named physicians. More claims naming PAs and APRNs were paid on behalf of the hospital/practice (38% and 32%, respectively) compared with physicians (8%, P < 0.001). Payment was less likely for inpatient care (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85‐0.93, P < 0.001) but higher when APRNs were defendants (1.82, 1.09‐3.03), when procedure‐related (1.31, 1.25‐1.38, P < 0.001) or patients died (1.09, 1.03‐1.16, P = 0.003).ConclusionsThese results can inform patient safety initiatives to prevent future harms. The target is outpatient airway procedures performed by APRNs.
Integrative analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells differentiation during experimental cerebral malaria
Authors: Assis Patrícia Aparecida , Durso Danielle Fernandes , Cavalcante Fernanda Chacon , Zaniratto Ricardo , Carvalho-Silva Ana Carolina , Cunha-Neto Edecio , Golenbock Douglas Taylor , Ferreira Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto , Gazzinelli Ricardo Tostes 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Heterogeneity and high plasticity are common features of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system: monocytes (MOs), macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). Upon activation by microbial agents, MO can differentiate into MO-derived DCs (MODCs). In previous work, we have shown that during acute infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA), MODCs become, transiently, the main CD11b+ myeloid population in the spleen (SP) and once recruited to the brain play an important role in the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Here, we isolated 4 cell populations: bone marrow (BM) MOs (BM-MOs) and SP-MOs from uninfected mice; BM inflammatory MOs (BM-iMOs) and SP-MODCs from PbA-infected mice and used a system biology approach to a holistic transcriptomic comparison and provide an interactome analysis by integrating differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and their differentially expressed gene targets (DEGs) data. The Jaccard index (JI) was used for gauging the similarity and diversity among these cell populations. Whereas BM-MOs, BM-iMOs, and SP-MOs presented high similarity of DEGs, SP-MODCs distinguished by showing a greater number of DEGs. Moreover, functional analysis identified an enrichment in canonical pathways, such as DC maturation, neuroinflammation, and IFN signaling. Upstream regulator analysis identified IFNγ as the potential upstream molecule that can explain the observed DEMs–Target DEGs intersections in SP-MODCs. Finally, directed target analysis and in vivo/ex vivo assays indicate that SP-MODCs differentiate in the SP and IFNγ is a main driver of this process.
Identification of a regulatory Vδ1 gamma delta T cell subpopulation expressing CD73 in human breast cancer
Authors: Chabab Ghita , Barjon Clément , Abdellaoui Naoill , Salvador-Prince Lucie , Dejou Cécile , Michaud Henri-Alexandre , Boissière-Michot Florence , Lopez-Crapez Evelyne , Jacot William , Pourquier Didier , Bonnefoy Nathalie , Lafont Virginie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
γδ T cells contribute to the immune response against many cancers, notably through their powerful effector functions that lead to the elimination of tumor cells and the recruitment of other immune cells. However, their presence in the tumor microenvironment has been associated with poor prognosis in breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer, suggesting that γδ T cells may also display pro-tumor activities. Here, we identified in blood from healthy donors a subpopulation of Vδ1T cells that represents around 20% of the whole Vδ1 population, expresses CD73, and displays immunosuppressive phenotype and functions (i.e., production of immunosuppressive molecules, such as IL-10, adenosine, and the chemotactic factor IL-8, and inhibition of αβ T cell proliferation). We then found that in human breast tumors, γδ T cells were present particularly in late stage breast cancer samples, and that ∼20% of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells expressed CD73. Taken together, these results suggest that regulatory γδ T cells are present in the breast cancer microenvironment and may display immunosuppressive functions through the production of immunosuppressive molecules, such as IL-10, IL-8, and adenosine, thus promoting tumor growth.
COQ6 mutation in patients with nephrotic syndrome, sensorineural deafness, and optic atrophy
Authors: Justine Perrin R. , Rousset‐Rouvière Caroline , Garaix Florentine , Cano Aline , Conrath John , Boyer Olivia , Tsimaratos Michel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrimary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are a group of mitochondrial disorders that has proven responsiveness to replacement therapy. Mutations in enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of CoQ10 genes are associated with these deficits. The clinical presentation of this rare autosomal recessive disorder is heterogeneous and depends on the gene involved. Mutations in the COQ2, COQ6, PDSS2, and ADCK4 genes are responsible for steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), which is associated with extra‐renal symptoms. Previous studies have reported COQ6 mutations in 11 patients from five different families presenting with SRNS and sensorineural deafness.Case reportsOur study reports the cases of two brothers of Turkish origin with renal failure and sensorineural deafness associated with COQ6 mutations responsible of CoQ10 deficiency. Optical symptoms were present in the eldest, that improved with Idebenone.Conclusion/DiscussionFor the first time, COQ6 mutation with optical involvement is associated with renal and hearing impairment. Although the response to replacement CoQ10 therapy was difficult to evaluate, we think that this treatment was able to stop the disease progression in both patients, and even to prevent the occurrence/development of optical and neurological impairment in the younger brother. Mitochondrial dysfunction secondary to CoQ10 deficiency should always be suspected in patients with SRNS and extra‐renal symptoms. Early recognition of this genetic SRNS is mandatory since SRNS can be avoided by adequate treatment based on CoQ10 supplement or an analogue. All cases of primary CoQ10 deficiency should be treated at an early stage to limit the progression of lesions and prevent the emergence of new symptoms.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride cooperative effect on biochemical, mineral content, and protein pattern of onion plants
Authors: Metwally Rabab A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe benefits of growth‐stimulating microbes in crop production represent great opportunities for recent agricultural practices. Thus, the present investigation deals with examining whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or Trichoderma viride application or their dual inoculation could improve the biochemical parameters and mineral and nutrient contents of onion plants (Allium cepa) under glasshouse conditions. The results evidenced that both AM fungi and T. viride are compatible with each other, and their combined use is effective, not only in improving the biochemical parameters, such as total soluble carbohydrates, protein contents, total free amino acids, acid, and alkaline phosphatases, but also in increasing mineral and nutrient contents (N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn) in onion plants, in which an increase of 67%, 49%, and 112% was observed in shoot onion P content with AM, T. viride, and with their dual inoculation, respectively, as compared with the controlled ones. Also, AM fungal colonization percentage augmented greatly with T. viride inoculation. Moreover, the protein profile of onion leaves revealed the appearance of newly protein bands with AM and T. viride applications. Therefore, their applications improved onion plant development, which could be used to replace the expensive chemical fertilizers, thus increasing onion quality.
Preparation of boronate‐functionalized surface molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres with polydopamine coating for specific recognition and separation of glycoside template
Authors: Pan Ting , Lin Yali , Wu Quanzhou , Huang Kaiwen , He Jianfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA facile strategy based on the boronate affinity and polydopamine coating was proposed for the preparation of surface molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres using naringin as the glycoside template. The poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) microspheres were firstly synthesized as inner cores by suspension polymerization method, and then functionalized with 3‐aminophenylboronic acid. The imprinted shell layer was obtained by self‐polymerization of dopamine on the surface of boronic acid‐functionalized polymer microspheres after reversible immobilization of naringin. The resultant surface molecularly imprinted microspheres showed good imprinting efficiency and recognition specificity toward the template molecule in aqueous environment. The isothermal and kinetic adsorption behaviors of the polymers were investigated. The results showed that the covalent surface imprinted microspheres possessed homogeneous recognition sites, strong adsorption affinity, and rapid rebinding kinetics. In addition, the surface imprinted microspheres were utilized as the sorbents of solid phase extraction to successfully separate and enrich naringin from Citri Grandis extract, and the recovery of naringin in eluting solution reached 84.4%.
Otolaryngology Resident Practices and Perceptions in the Initial Phase of the U.S. COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Cai Yi , Jiam Nicole T. , Wai Katherine C. , Shuman Elizabeth A. , Roland Lauren T. , Chang Jolie L. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had widespread implications on clinical practice at U.S. hospitals. These changes are particularly relevant to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) residents because reports suggest an increased risk of contracting COVID‐19 for otolaryngologists. The objectives of this study were to evaluate OHNS residency program practice changes and characterize resident perceptions during the initial phase of the pandemic.Study DesignA cross‐sectional survey of U.S. OHNS residents at 81 programs was conducted between March 23, 2020, and March 29, 2020.ResultsEighty‐two residents from 51 institutions (63% of invited programs) responded. At the time of survey, 98% of programs had enacted policy changes to minimize COVID‐19 spread. These included filtered respirator use for aerosol‐generating procedures even in COVID‐19‐negative patients (85%), decreased resident staffing of surgeries (70%), and reduced frequency of tracheotomy care (61%). The majority of residents (66%) perceived that residents were at higher risk of contracting COVID‐19 compared to attendings. Residents were most concerned about protective equipment shortage (93%) and transmitting COVID‐19 to patients (90%). The majority of residents (73%) were satisfied with their department's COVID‐19 response. Resident satisfaction correlated with comfort level in discussing concerns with attendings (r = 0.72, P < .00001) and inversely correlated with perceptions of increased risk compared to attendings (r = −0.52, P < .00001).ConclusionU.S. OHNS residency programs implemented policy changes quickly in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Sources of resident anxieties demonstrate the importance of open communication and an integrated team approach to facilitate optimal patient and provider care during this unprecedented crisis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 130:2550–2557, 2020