bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural Characterization of a New Polytetrafluoroethylene for Artificial Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Kaulgud A , Crugnola A , Vasilos T , Sung C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
All joints in the human body are subject to destruction by disease and trauma. Although the modem concept of joint replacements dates back to 1800's, polymeric material were not utilized till 1940's [1]. Early experiments were conducted with polymethacrylate and polytetrafluoroethylene. The results were disappointing with the polymeric material either quick fracturing or wearing at an extreme rapid rate. Microstructures were not well investigated as a function of processing conditions.
The goal of this research is to eliminate the presence of oxygen within the components during its processing operations, which is responsible for early failure of polytetrafluoroethylene. One approach to eliminate or reduce the amount of oxygen would be processing the PTFE resin in vacuum conditions. This research is aimed towards investigating the microstructure of PTFE when processed under vacuum conditions using SEM and TEM along with EDXS.
The fabricated PTFE billet samples were received from Dewal Industries, NJ and the PTFE components in vacuum conditions, processed at University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML) were studied using microscopic techniques.
Development of a 1MV-Field-Emission Electron Microscope I. Instrument
Authors: Matsui I , Katsuta T , Kawasaki T , Hayashi S , Furutsu T , Onai T , Myochin K , Yoshida T , Matsuda T , Kubota S , Endo J , Osakabe N , Tonomura A , Kitazawa K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have developed 100-kV, 200-kV, and 350-kV cold-field-emission transmission electron microscopes (FE-TEMs) successively up to this time. Using these instruments, we have been studying the magnetic structure of materials, high-resolution imaging by electron holography, and dynamic observation of the vortex in superconductors by Lorentz microscopy. To make more progress in our research, we need a better electron beam in terms of coherency, beam brightness, and penetration. Here, we report a new lMV-cold-field-emission transmission electron microscope we have developed. Historically, the pioneering projects on a lMV-field-emission scanning transmission electron microscope (FE-STEM) (Zeitler and Crewe, 1974) and a 1.6MV FE-STEM (Jouffrey et al., 1984) have been reported. In 1988, Maruse and Shimoyama obtained a lMV-field-emission beam using their 1.25MV-STEM connected to a field-emission gun. Since then, continuous improvements in beam brightness has been made.
The target specifications of our 1 MV-cold-field-emission TEM (H-1000FT) are as follows: Acceleration voltage: 1MV, high-voltage stability :
Development of a New Double Tilt Rotation TEM Specimen Holder
Authors: Bailey GW , McKernan S , Price RL , Walck SD , Charest P-M , Gauvin R , Armbruster BL , Alani R , Mitro D , Zolkowski R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The analytical transmission electron microscope is one of the most powerful instruments today for materials characterization. The interaction of the electron beam with the specimen provides immediate visual and compositional information of the structure of materials. Improvements in optics, vacuum technology, emitter and goniometer design have made sub-2Å compositional imaging a standard technique.
Side-entry, multifunctional specimen holders compatible with new goniometer designs have been developed to provide an extended tilt range for tomographic applications. Planar features within a TEM specimen are most easily studied if the specimen is first rotated until the planar feature is aligned parallel to the main tilt axis of the specimen holder. Typically this requires manual removal of the specimen for reorientation, subjecting it to potential damage, or the use of motorized specimen rotation in a single tilt holder. Ideally all degrees of freedom of specimen movement should be available to the microscopist through the specimen holder and goniometer.
The Scanning Electron Microscopy Educators Program - A Unique Educational Outreach Program at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.
Authors: Bailey GW , McKernan S , Price RL , Walck SD , Charest P-M , Gauvin R , Piazza Luann , Ragland William R , Thorp Katie E G , Martin Marc C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (near Dayton, OH) continues to offer a unique educational outreach program, Scanning Electron Microscopy EDucatorS (SEMEDS; pronounced sem-eds). This ten year old motivational science program provides an opportunity for students and educators to visit the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate's research laboratories, where scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) are used by scientists and engineers working in diverse areas of materials research.
As a favorite motivational science program, SEMEDS serves surrounding communities by bringing students and educators on-site to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base's Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to operate state-of-the-art SEMs in a real life research laboratory setting. The special features of this program include: exposure to a world-class facility, introductions to the elite researchers who work there, and an opportunity for students to operate the same equipment used by the facility researchers.
SEMEDS is an after school program intended for middle school and high school students.
Bugscope: The Second Year of a Sustainable Remote Microscope Project for K-12 Education Outreach.
Authors: Potter CS , Carragher B , Carroll L , Conway C , Grosser B , Hanlon J , Kisseberth N , Robinson S , Stone D , Thakkar U , Weber D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bugscope is a second generation educational project in the World Wide Laboratory that provides web browser based control of scientific imaging instrumentation using the Internet. We had previously demonstrated web based remote access to sophisticated scientific imaging systems several years ago in the Chickscope project. The primary goal of the Bugscope project is to demonstrate that relatively low cost, sustainable access to an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can be made available to K-12 classrooms.
Methods: To participate in the project, a classroom submits a web based application that describes how they plan to use the microscope. If the application is accepted, a one hour session on the ESEM is scheduled and the classroom mails in their chosen specimen. During their access time, classrooms use a standard web browser over the Internet to control and acquire images from the ESEM (Philips/FEI XL-30FEG).
Integrated Live and Stored Internet Based Digital Microscopy for Education
Authors: Zeineh Jack A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Few educational institutions have well maintained microscopes that facilitate the experience intended by the creators of their teaching texts. The cost of putting a high quality selection of the different types of microscopes at every educational institution for access by all students is prohibitive. The advent of the Internet and the rapid proliferation of computers at educational institutions offer the prospect for dramatic improvements in microscopy education.
We present an Internet based digital microscopy system with unique features for education. We have developed a unified architecture for management and transmission of live and stored microscope data over the Internet. The system consists of a combination of software and hardware. The hardware includes a microscope with a motorized stage, focus, and optionally a motorized nosepiece. Standard off the shelf components for each of the items can be used so that the user is afforded great flexibility in utilizing available hardware. Image acquisition is done by attaching a video camera to the microscope. Both analog and digital video cameras are supported, although it should be noted that users have experienced outstanding results with relatively inexpensive analog cameras.
Microscopy and Microanalysis Over the Net
Authors: Zaluzec Nestor J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During the last five years we have all seen and experienced how the explosive growth of the Internet has impacted our lives and our technology. At the 1995, 1996 and 1998 Microscopy and Microanalysis meetings, sessions devoted to technologies for remote access; control and collaboration were held. In each of these, a number of authors outlined the various methods by which they had implemented their concept remote access. In this tutorial we will look at where each of the technologies described during those years currently stands from the point of view of simplicity, effectiveness, cost and overall versatility.
From the onset, it should be recognized that there is no single, universal solution to the task of implementing any telepresence collaboration technology over the Internet. Each solution has both its merits and its disadvantages. However all interactions require the collaboratory to address a universal set of functional requirements they are:
A review of psychosocial interventions targeting families of children with cancer
Authors: Koumarianou Anna , Symeonidi Artemis E. , Kattamis Antonis , Linardatou Katerina , Chrousos George P. , Darviri Christina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivePsychosocial interventions in families of children with cancer are considered an effective way of empowering family members to tackle the complex hurdles they face. The ability of parents to develop adaptive coping strategies during the child's treatment is not only important to their own mental and physical health, but also to their child's well-being and long-term adjustment with the disease.MethodsThe aim of this review was to evaluate the existing literature for the period from 2009 to 2017 on psychosocial interventions targeting families of children with cancer. We searched the PubMed database using the following combination of keywords: “cancer AND children AND (intervention OR training) AND (mothers OR primary caregivers OR parents OR fathers OR siblings).”ResultsAfter careful evaluation of 995 papers, 17 full-text papers were found to match our criteria (12 randomized controlled trials and 5 quasi-experimental studies). The quality of the studies was assessed using the Delphi score questionnaire, and the score of the reviewed studies ranged from 3 to 5. The findings suggest that most interventions reduced distress and improved coping strategies among participants. Interventions, mainly cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving skills training targeting maternal distress, were associated with improved adjustment outcomes in mothers of children with cancer.Significance of resultsPsychosocial interventions are helpful, and efforts should be made to promote them in a larger scale. Protocols should be implemented to ensure that all parents benefit. Computer-assisted methods may provide additional benefit by improving cancer-related knowledge and cancer-related communication.
Wideband and high-gain circularly-polarized L-shaped slot antenna array using metamaterial
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhang Guolin , He Changhui , Fan Ya , Zhu Zhenbo , Zhang Di , Li Jing , Zhao Yuanqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis research involves a compact wideband circularly-polarized antenna array, which consists of a sequential rotating phase feed network, 2 × 2 mushroom-type metamaterial (MTM) unit, and so on. Each antenna array unit contains a microstrip feedline, an L-shaped slot antenna, and so on. The MTM-based antennas were incorporated with a sequential-phase network of sequentially rotated series-parallel feed to achieve wideband operation. The operational bandwidth and the radiation model in the high-frequency area were improved through the adjustment of spacing between the L-shaped slots while maintaining the size and structure of the MTM. The proposed design had dimensions of 80 mm × 80 mm × 3.5 mm (~1.64 λ0 × 1.64 λ0 × 0.072 λ0 at 6.15 GHz), and it was simulated, fabricated, and tested.
Development of an Updated Global Land In Situ‐Based Data Set of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes: HadEX3
Authors: Dunn Robert J. H. , Alexander Lisa V. , Donat Markus G. , Zhang Xuebin , Bador Margot , Herold Nicholas , Lippmann Tanya , Allan Rob , Aguilar Enric , Barry Abdoul Aziz , Brunet Manola , Caesar John , Chagnaud Guillaume , Cheng Vincent , Cinco Thelma , Durre Imke , de Guzman Rosaline , Htay Tin Mar , Wan Ibadullah Wan Maisarah , Bin Ibrahim Muhammad Khairul Izzat , Khoshkam Mahbobeh , Kruger Andries , Kubota Hisayuki , Leng Tan Wee , Lim Gerald , Li‐Sha Lim , Marengo Jose , Mbatha Sifiso , McGree Simon , Menne Matthew , de los Milagros Skansi Maria , Ngwenya Sandile , Nkrumah Francis , Oonariya Chalump , Pabon‐Caicedo Jose Daniel , Panthou Gérémy , Pham Cham , Rahimzadeh Fatemeh , Ramos Andrea , Salgado Ernesto , Salinger Jim , Sané Youssouph , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena , Srivastava Arvind , Sun Ying , Timbal Bertrand , Trachow Nichanun , Trewin Blair , van der Schrier Gerard , Vazquez‐Aguirre Jorge , Vasquez Ricardo , Villarroel Claudia , Vincent Lucie , Vischel Theo , Vose Russ , Bin Hj Yussof Mohd Noor'Arifin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present the second update to a data set of gridded land‐based temperature and precipitation extremes indices: HadEX3. This consists of 17 temperature and 12 precipitation indices derived from daily, in situ observations and recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). These indices have been calculated at around 7,000 locations for temperature and 17,000 for precipitation. The annual (and monthly) indices have been interpolated on a 1.875°×1.25° longitude‐latitude grid, covering 1901–2018. We show changes in these indices by examining ”global”‐average time series in comparison with previous observational data sets and also estimating the uncertainty resulting from the nonuniform distribution of meteorological stations. Both the short and long time scale behavior of HadEX3 agrees well with existing products. Changes in the temperature indices are widespread and consistent with global‐scale warming. The extremes related to daily minimum temperatures are changing faster than the maximum. Spatial changes in the linear trends of precipitation indices over 1950–2018 are less spatially coherent than those for temperature indices. Globally, there are more heavy precipitation events that are also more intense and contribute a greater fraction to the total. Some of the indices use a reference period for calculating exceedance thresholds. We present a comparison between using 1961–1990 and 1981–2010. The differences between the time series of the temperature indices observed over longer time scales are shown to be the result of the interaction of the reference period with a warming climate. The gridded netCDF files and, where possible, underlying station indices are available from www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadex3 and www.climdex.org.
A plasmonic route for the integrated wireless communication of subdiffraction-limited signals
Authors: Zhang Hao Chi , Zhang Le Peng , He Pei Hang , Xu Jie , Qian Cheng , Garcia-Vidal Francisco J. , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerfect lenses, superlenses and time-reversal mirrors can support and spatially separate evanescent waves, which is the basis for detecting subwavelength information in the far field. However, the inherent limitations of these methods have prevented the development of systems to dynamically distinguish subdiffraction-limited signals. Utilizing the physical merits of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), we demonstrate that subdiffraction-limited signals can be transmitted on planar integrated SPP channels with low loss, low channel interference, and high gain and can be radiated with a very low environmental sensitivity. Furthermore, we show how deep subdiffraction-limited signals that are spatially coupled can be distinguished after line-of-sight wireless transmission. For a visualized demonstration, we realize the high-quality wireless communication of two movies on subwavelength channels over the line of sight in real time using our plasmonic scheme, showing significant advantages over the conventional methods.
Overcoming cancer therapeutic bottleneck by drug repurposing
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhou Li , Xie Na , Nice Edouard C. , Zhang Tao , Cui Yongping , Huang Canhua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEver present hurdles for the discovery of new drugs for cancer therapy have necessitated the development of the alternative strategy of drug repurposing, the development of old drugs for new therapeutic purposes. This strategy with a cost-effective way offers a rare opportunity for the treatment of human neoplastic disease, facilitating rapid clinical translation. With an increased understanding of the hallmarks of cancer and the development of various data-driven approaches, drug repurposing further promotes the holistic productivity of drug discovery and reasonably focuses on target-defined antineoplastic compounds. The “treasure trove” of non-oncology drugs should not be ignored since they could target not only known but also hitherto unknown vulnerabilities of cancer. Indeed, different from targeted drugs, these old generic drugs, usually used in a multi-target strategy may bring benefit to patients. In this review, aiming to demonstrate the full potential of drug repurposing, we present various promising repurposed non-oncology drugs for clinical cancer management and classify these candidates into their proposed administration for either mono- or drug combination therapy. We also summarize approaches used for drug repurposing and discuss the main barriers to its uptake.
PolyA-based DNA bonds with programmable bond length and bond energy
Authors: Chen Xiaoliang , Liu Xiaoguo , Yao Guangbao , Li Qian , Liu Renduo , Wu Hongjin , Lv Yanan , Fan Chunhai , Wang Lihua , Li Jiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA-functionalized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been intensively exploited as programmable atom equivalents (PAEs) for the self-assembly of molecule-like structures. However, it remains challenging to build hierarchical PAE assemblies via discrete DNA bonds at different levels. Here, we report a strategy to program DNA bond length and bond energy on PAEs using DNA encoders carrying consecutive adenines (polyA). On AuNPs, we built three types of DNA motifs with different topologic configurations, which can form bonds for PAE self-assembly. By small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis, we found that the bond length and flexibility between the coupled PAEs can be tuned by programming the bond structure. We also found that these bonds show different bond energies and thus differ, depending on their topologic configuration, leading to different PAE assembly efficiencies. We demonstrated that the bonds at different levels can be arranged in different directions on one nanoparticle, leading to asymmetric PAEs that allow ionic strength-controlled hierarchical assembly of multiparticle structures. This programmable bonding system may provide a new route for building complex plasmonic superstructures.
EMQN best practice guidelines for molecular genetic testing and reporting of 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Baumgartner-Parzer Sabina , Witsch-Baumgartner Martina , Hoeppner Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMolecular genetic testing for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is offered worldwide and is of importance for differential diagnosis, carrier detection and adequate genetic counseling, particularly for family planning. In 2008 the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network (EMQN) for the first time offered a European-wide external quality assessment scheme for CAH (due to 21-OH deficiency). The interest was great and over the last years at about 60 laboratories from Europe, USA and Australia regularly participated in that scheme. These best practice guidelines were drafted on the basis of the extensive knowledge and experience got from those annually organized CAH-schemes. In order to obtain the widest possible consultation with practicing laboratories the draft was therefore circulated twice by EMQN to all laboratories participating in the EQA-scheme for CAH genotyping and was updated by that input. The present guidelines address quality requirements for diagnostic molecular genetic laboratories, as well as criteria forCYP21A2 genotyping (including carrier-testing and prenatal diagnosis). A key aspect of that article is the use of appropriate methodologies (e.g., sequencing methods, MLPA (multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification), mutation specific assays) and respective limitations and analytical accuracy. Moreover, these guidelines focus on classification of variants, and the interpretation and standardization of the reporting ofCYP21A2genotyping results. In addition, the article provides a comprehensive list of common as well as so far unreportedCYP21A2-variants.
Effective p-wave Fermi-Fermi Interaction Induced by Bosonic Superfluids
Authors: Wu Yongzheng , Yan Zheng , Lin Zhi , Lou Jie , Chen Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the two-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixture on square lattice at finite temperature by using the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method within the weakly interacting regime. Here we consider the attractive Bose-Hubbard model and free spinless fermions. In the absence of boson-fermion interactions, we obtain the boundary of the collapsed state of the attractive bosons. In the presence of boson-fermion interactions, an effective p-wave interaction between fermions will be induced as far as the bosons are in a superfluid state. Moreover, we find the emergence of the composite fermion pairs at low temperatures.
Fabrication of high-performance dual carbon Li-ion hybrid capacitor: mass balancing approach to improve the energy-power density and cycle life
Authors: Panja Tandra , Ajuria Jon , Díez Noel , Bhattacharjya Dhrubajyoti , Goikolea Eider , Carriazo Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) devices include graphite or non-porous hard carbon as negative electrode often failing when demanding high energy at high power densities. Herein, we introduce a new LIC formed by the assembly of polymer derived hollow carbon spheres (HCS) and a superactivated carbon (AC), as negative and positive electrodes, respectively. The hollow microstructure of HCS and the ultra large specific surface area of AC maximize lithium insertion/diffusion and ions adsorption in each of the electrodes, leading to individual remarkable capacity values and rate performances. To optimize the performance of the LIC not only in terms of energy and power densities but also from a stability point of view, a rigorous mass balance study is also performed. Optimized LIC, using a 2:1 negative to positive electrode mass ratio, shows very good reversibility within the operative voltage region of 1.5–4.2 V and it is able to deliver a specific cell capacity of 28 mA h−1 even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. This leads to an energy density of 68 W h kg−1 at an extreme power density of 30 kW kg−1. Moreover, this LIC device shows an outstanding cyclability, retaining more than 92% of the initial capacity after 35,000 charge–discharge cycles.