bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O SIGNIFICADO DO ENVELHER NOS DISCURSOS DE IDOSOS CEGOS
Authors: Tosim Alessandro , Moreira Wagner Wey , Simões Regina 
Published: January 2021

O aumento da expectativa de vida ampliou a população idosa com demência e deficiência. Este estudo investigou a concepção de envelhecimento para pessoas idosas cegas de seis instituições localizadas nas cidades em Jundiaí, Campinas e Paulínia, do Estado de São Paulo. Foram entrevistados 20 idosos cegos, os quais além dos dados pessoais responderam à pergunta: O que significa envelhecer para você? O grupo era composto predominantemente por homens aposentados, na faixa etária de 60 a 64 anos; 85% adquiriram a cegueira e 15% eram congênitos. Como principais unidades de significado encontradas tivemos que envelhecer é: Processo natural (45%); Passar dos anos (40%); Processo de desgaste (35%); Relacionado à deficiência (20%); Ser Ativo (10%) e Contradições significativas (5%), o que demonstra que eles entendem o significado do envelhecimento por perspectivas diferenciadas, enfatizando momentos positivos e negativos da velhice.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PROJETOS DE INCLUSÃO DIGITAL PARA IDOSOS
Authors: Marquine Raymundo Taiuani , Teixeira Gil Henrique , Dias Bernardo Lilian 
Published: January 2021

O envelhecimento populacional, em uma sociedade cada vez mais digital faz com que seja necessário desenvolver estratégias para que os idosos possam se sentir incluídos de forma a poderem desfrutar destas novas soluções tecnológico-digitais no seu processo de envelhecimento. Para o efeito, é fundamental que sejam desenvolvidos e implementados projetos que visem à inclusão digital dos idosos e, consequentemente, a inclusão social desse segmento populacional. Neste sentido, deverão ser criadas todas as condições para que os idosos possam conhecer e aprender a utilizar os recursos digitais de forma a poderem utilizá-los em suas atividades diárias. Este artigo teórico pretende promover uma reflexão acerca das variáveis associadas à implementação e desenvolvimento de projetos/programas de inclusão digital para os idosos, nas seguintes pertentes: a) logística, ambiente físico e características e quantidade dos participantes; b) equipamentos tecnológicos e TIC; c) recursos analógicos. Da leitura do artigo ficará claro que um programa de formação em inclusão digital terá que ser formatado para uma população específica – os idosos – considerando-se um conjunto de características que implicam um cuidado especial e uma coerência que, para além de ser de cunho tecnológico-digital, tem que se precaver de variáveis de aspecto social e afetivo.
Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia/Continuous Epidural Catheters
Authors: Peck Devin 
Published: January 2021

Although useful for management of many types of pain, the most common indication for epidural catheter placement is for management of labor pain. High lumbar and thoracic epidural catheter placement has gained increasing popularity in recent years for the management of postoperative pain. The technique is most commonly employed for procedures in which a thoracic or an extensive abdominal incision is anticipated. Absolute contraindications for epidural catheter placement include patient refusal, uncorrected hypovolemia, increased intracranial pressure, local infection at the planned site of insertion, and patient allergy to amide/ester local anesthetics. Relative contraindications include coagulopathy, an uncooperative patient, severe anatomic abnormalities of the spine, sepsis, and hypertension. The advantages include attenuation of the sympathetic response to surgical stimulation and pain; effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems; thromboprotective effects; and possibly limitation of tumor spread. The risks of epidural catheter placement include epidural hematoma, infection, nerve or spinal cord injury, dural puncture, or respiratory or cardiovascular depression from a high block. Epidural opioids provide analgesia without causing motor or sympathetic blockade. Epidurally administered local anesthetics may result in decreased postoperative ileus, nausea, vomiting, and sedation, which can be associated with opioids. Local anesthetics and opioids act additively or synergistically and, when used together, can lead to a reduction in the dose of each drug.
This review contains 2 figures, 4 tables and 30 references.
Neuromuscular Blockers and Reversal Agents
Authors: Flight Kristen , Yang Jennifer J , Urben Lindsay M , Schontz Michael J 
Published: January 2021

Neuromuscular blocking drugs, which include depolarizing and nondepolarizing drugs, are used to facilitate intubation and provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery and in the intensive care unit. The agents differ in their mechanism, duration of action, side-effect profile, and metabolism. Succinylcholine is the only depolarizing agent in clinic use and is typically used for emergent control of the airway, rapid sequence intubations, and short surgical procedures. The risk of hyperkalemia in certain clinical conditions and risk of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals limit the use of succinylcholine in specific patient populations. Nondepolarizing agents vary in their duration of action, but all provide muscle relaxation for a longer duration than succinylcholine. Clinical effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs can be assessed with neuromuscular monitoring, although there is significant variability among providers in the regular use of neuromuscular monitoring. Reversal agents are used to restore neuromuscular transmission, as residual neuromuscular blockade after extubation has been associated with multiple adverse events, including hypoxemia, atelectasis, and aspiration. Sugammadex is an encapsulating agent capable of immediately reversing the effects of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade that will likely impact the way many providers administer rocuronium and may decrease the future use of succinylcholine.

This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables, and 41 references.
Keywords: hyperkalemia, neuromuscular monitoring, neuromuscular transmission, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, residual neuromuscular blockade, reversal agents, succinylcholine sugammadex, sugammadex
Cardiovascular Drugs
Authors: Dalton Allison 
Published: January 2021

Given the dynamic nature of the operating room environment, anesthesiologists must be prepared to handle cardiovascular comorbidities and complications. From perioperative hypertension to cardiovascular shock to cardiac arrhythmias, one must be able to diagnose and treat a wide range of cardiovascular conditions. We will evaluate recent literature to determine the best treatment modalities for the treatment of acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, vasoplegia after cardiopulmonary bypass, pulmonary hypertension, septic shock, perioperative hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias. Selection of appropriate inotropic medications and vasopressors may improve mortality in shock. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension, perioperative hypertension, and arrhythmias requires knowledge of a variety of classes of medications with specific applications and adverse effects.

This review contains 3 figures, 9 tables and 54 references
Keywords: amiodarone, antiarrhythmic, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, catecholamine, inotrope, nitrate, vasoconstrictor, vasodilator
Robotic Surgery
Authors: Carbonell Alfredo M. , Warren Jeremy A 
Published: January 2021

Robots have revolutionized industrial production, from automobiles to pharmaceutical manufacturing, and offer an exciting, novel approach to surgical diseases. Robots employed in surgical use initially raised some concern related to malfunction and independent action. However, the surgeon’s decision-making capability is still crucial for each surgical procedure because of the anatomic or physiologic variables of each clinical situation. Currently, surgical robots consist of instruments that are remotely manipulated by a surgeon using an electromechanical interface and represent extensions of the surgeon’s mind and hands. This review provides an overview of robotic surgery, and covers the application of robotic surgery in general surgery. Figures show the AESOP 3000 robotic arm, the da Vinci robotic surgical system, the ZEUS Surgical System, the ZEUS robotic arms,  the da Vinci Si, the da Vinci wristed endoscopic stapler, the da Vinci Xi patient side cart and robotic arms, the da Vinci Single-Site robotic instruments, and the da Vinci Single-Site port with instruments positioned and robotic arms docked. The video shows a robotic Rives-Stoppa retromuscular incisional hernia repair with bilateral transversus abdominis release.

This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 1 video, and 85 references
Key words: Robotic, surgery, hernia, inguinal, ventral, incisional, fundoplication, paraesophageal hernia, myotomy, gastrectomy, cholecystectomy, pancreatectomy, splenectomy, bariatric, adrenalectomy, colon, colectomy, colorectal
Clinical Pharmacology
Authors: Droege Molly , Mueller Eric W. 
Published: January 2021

Critically ill patients often require surgical procedures and therapeutic interventions that produce significant pathophysiologic changes. Drug pharmacology can be greatly altered in this population wherein comorbid diseases, varied organ function, and polypharmacy can produce adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This review aims to describe basic pharmacokinetic principles (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) and changes in these processes due to altered organ function in critically ill surgical patients. This knowledge is a key factor in reducing ADRs.
This review contains 10 figures, 2 tables, 101 references
Keywords: adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, obesity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding, therapeutic drug monitoring
Infections Due to Staphylococci
Authors: Stevens Dennis L. , Hobdey Sarah E 
Published: January 2021

Staphylococci are nonsporulating, nonmotile, gram-positive cocci that have an average diameter of 1 µm. Microscopically, staphylococci tend to be larger and rounder than streptococci. Because cell division occurs on three planes, these organisms are typically found in grapelike clusters and tetrads, as well as in pairs and sometimes in short chains. Staphylococci are very hardy organisms and can withstand much more physical and chemical stress than pneumococci and streptococci. Because staphylococci are facultative anaerobes, they will grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. Staphylococci are catalase positive. Of the species of staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus is by far the most important human pathogen. This review covers the epidemiology and pathogenesis of S. aureus, clinical infections associated with S. aureus, treatment of staphylococcal infections, and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. Clinically important coagulase-negative staphylococci such as S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus are also discussed. Tables list antibiotic treatment for staphylococcal infections, clinical manifestations of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, and antibiotic treatment for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome.
This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, and 54 references.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcal infections; Coagulase-negative staphylococci; Skin and soft tissue infections; S. aureus bacteremia; MRSA; Methicillin-resistant S. aureus; Toxic shock syndrome
Physiology of the Arterial Wall
Authors: Liu Shirley , Dardik Alan 
Published: January 2021

Arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessel walls are organized in three concentric layers that are composed of specialized cells and matrix components, allowing a vessel to function both as a conduit for fluid flow and regulate tone, control passage of cells and molecules to the interstitium and have the capacity to remodel after injury. The arrangement and proportions of these components vary depending on the location of a particular vessel within the circulation; variations allow specialization to accommodate pulsatile flow, regulate peripheral resistance, facilitate immune surveillance, or transport nutrients and metabolic waste. In addition to understanding the biology of the vessel wall and its role in pathology, a knowledge of the development of the vascular system and the various consequences of deviation from normal development will aid in identifying and treating a diverse range of vascular diseases.
This review contains 5 figures, 1 table, and 44 references.
keywords: artery, adventitia, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, arteriole, intima, media, physiology, vasculogenesis
Applying art therapy in improving resilience in child victims of domestic violence
Authors: Basyiroh Arifah Nur , Yuniarti Kwartarini Wahyu 
Published: January 2021

Domestic violence experienced by children make them more prone to emotional, behavior, adaptation and mental health problems. Some researches show that children with high resiliency are able to develop a positive attitude, perspective and adaptability despite a history of violence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CBT Art Therapy intervention to increase the resiliency of children expose to domestic violence. The method used in this research is single case single-subject experiment ABA design. Resilience measurement instruments used in this research are Quotient Test (RQT) and resilience behavior observation sheet. Data were analyzed through visual analysis and descriptive data analysis. The results showed an increasing score in RQT (27 points) as well as the intensity of resilience behavior and positive changes in the use of color, quality and theme of the artwork. Keywords: art therapy, resilience, child victims of domestic violence, single case single-subject experiment
Relasi Hukum Islam dan Adat dalam Tradisi Pamogih pada Perkawinan Masyarakat Muslim Bondowoso
Authors: Rabbani Lubis Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas , Suhri Muhammad Abdul Khaliq 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to discusses pamogih tradition in Bondowoso Muslim community marriages. Pamogih tradition is basically similar to ben-giben, seserahan, pasrahan tukon, uang japuik, and others. In addition to the uniqueness of the term, this research also involves legal procession and consequences. This research uses qualitative methods and fieldwork clusters. The result shows that pamogih tradition is the bridegroom obligation to give handover as a form of tradition including necklaces, rings, clothes and other household furniture as agreed by both parties. The gift is considered to have a magical value for the people. Usually, this practice is carried out before and after the marriage covenant, generally the provision of goods is done after the marriage covenant. The pamogih tradition is carried out according to the rules of ponggebeh as an elder. The legal consequences of this tradition is, if the bridegroom violates or does not carry out this tradition, it is believed that they might have bad luck experience and slander as well as exclusion from the community. The pamogih tradition is part of living law as a social phenomenon that makes this tradition as an adat law and its implementation is integrated with the practice of marriage in Islam.
Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise to reduce Urinary Incontinence among Postnatal Mothers
Authors: KalaBarathi S  , Babu Rani  , Dhovarani E  , Esther Rani G  
Published: January 2021

Urinary incontinence can be characterised as 'the protest of any automatic spillage of urine. Under this more extensive definition, there are various indications, similar to Stress urinary incontinence, Urge urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence. Postpartum urinary incontinence is here and there an unavoidable inconvenience of vaginal conveyance, particularly in the event that it happens to be a woman's first vaginal conveyance. Weaker pelvic muscle has reduced inability to stop the flow of urine among postnatal mothers. The study supports the need for nurses to educate the postnatal mothers about methods to reduce urinary incontinence by using the first line of treatment, i.e., pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercise. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercise to reduce urinary incontinence among postnatal mothers. A quantitative pre-experimental, one group pretest and post test research design were chosen to conduct the investigation among 60 postnatal mothers. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the postnatal mothers. Modified Sandviketal Severity Index tool was chosen to assess the pretest and post test level of urinary incontinence. The assessment includes on frequency (involuntary loss of urine occurs), incontinence with daily living and amount of urine leaks. The study results show most of the postnatal mothers had severe urinary incontinence and after the administration, pelvic floor muscle exercises most of the postnatal mothers had moderate urinary incontinence and this emphasizes the need to educate the postnatal mothers and promote them to perform PMRT so that they come through the postnatal period and for the betterment of life.
An analytical study of the prevalence and prescribed pattern vascular complication for type II diabetic patient in Indian tertiary care hospitals
Authors: Satya Preethi  , Beeraka Chandra Sekhar  , Pandiyan K R  , Rajkumar R  
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder. It is associated with complications which will affect the quality of life. Failure to control elevated blood sugar or inadequate treatment of diabetes could cause many complications. A prospective observational study is used to assess the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications in 105 types of II diabetic patients. A date was collected regarding patient's demographic and clinical characteristics. Based on our study criteria, males were more when compared to females in getting vascular complications & also. Complications were more prominent in the age group of 50-65years. Of all microvascular complications, Nephropathy was major, whereas, in macro-vascular complications, CAD was prominent. Poor glycemic control and a long length of ailment appear to be the most significant danger factors for these complexities. Doctors assume a significant function to endorse hostile to diabetic meds and Pharmacist plays a sharp task to assess the medicine design so as to accomplish fruitful treatment. The currently anti-diabetic drugs are effective, but a lot of factors such as patient adherence, education related to diabetes, lifestyle modification, cost and type of medication have an association with glycemic control. The commonly prescribed anti-diabetic drug was Insulin. Metformin was the most preferred drug both as monotherapy and combination therapy. Although polypharmacy was observed, drug utilization pattern can be rational owing to a higher prevalence of complications. Minimization of the occurrence of complications should be courage by early diagnosis, intensive blood glucose control and rational drug selections.
Prevalence of Canal Variations in Mandibular 1st Molar in South Indian Population and Association with Age and Gender
Authors: Vaishnavi Devi B  , Delphine Priscilla Antony S  
Published: January 2021

Mandibular first molars are amongst the most common teeth requiring endodontic treatment due to their early emergence in the oral cavity and subsequent caries. Proper knowledge and understanding of the root canal morphology and anatomy of mandibular first molars, will help the clinician in developing a proper and standard treatment protocol by predicting possible variations that potentially challenge the treatment outcome. The main objective of the present study was to know the prevalence of canal variations in mandibular 1st molar among the South Indian population and its association with age and gender. All the patients who reported during June 2019 to March 2020 for mandibular 1st molar endodontic therapy were chosen for the study. Information was collected from the dental hospital record system and the resulting data was tabulated in excel and imported to SPSS for correlation and association. Within the limits of the study, the results obtained are: prevalence of canal variations is 7.6% and 2.2% in single and multi visit root canal treatment respectively with a higher incidence among the male patients and it is primarily seen in the age group of 21 to 40 years. This knowledge about the canal variations in the South Indian population will be helpful to the clinician to look for any unusual anatomy while performing endodontic therapy which will prevent any unwanted procedural errors. It necessitates the careful negotiation and cleaning of all accessible canal spaces.
Anais da IX Jornada de Fisioterapia da UESPI
Authors: UESPI Universidade Estadual do Piauí - 
Published: January 2021

Em razão da pandemia causada pelo Sars-CoV-2, a IX Jornada de Fisioterapia da UESPI, foi realizada no formato on-line, entre os dias 05, 06, 07 e 08 de novembro de 2020. Foram muitos os desafios ao longo da adaptação e implementação do evento para esse novo formato, visto que, as edições anteriores foram realizadas de forma presencial. Contudo, grandes oportunidades surgiram, entre as quais, a participação on-line de acadêmicos e profissionais de todos os Estados brasileiros. Estes tiveram a oportunidade de atualizar seus conhecimentos, bem como aprofundar discussões sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta no atual contexto em que estamos inseridos. Nesta edição, o tema central perpassou pela temática ‘’Desafios e Potencialidades na Fisioterapia’’, com programação variada e contando com a participação de renomados palestrantes locais, regionais e nacionais que abordaram temas de grande relevância. Na oportunidade, além da promoção de conhecimentos, abrimos espaço também para a divulgação de produções científicas por meio de apresentação de temas livres que abrilhantaram ainda mais o evento.
Identificación de sulfuros complejos de plata (Sulfosales) contenidos en un concentrado de Pb, del distrito minero de Zimapán Hgo,
Authors: Martínez Rojo Edgar , Teja Ruiz Aislinn Michelle , Reyes Pérez Martin , Pérez Labra Miguel , Reyes Urbano Gustavo , Barrientos Hernández Francisco Raúl , Juárez Tapia Julio César 
Published: January 2021

La caracterización mineralógica de un concentrado de plomo del distrito minero de Zimapán, Hidalgo, México, se realizó con la finalidad de identificar la presencia de sulfuros ternarios cuya prevalencia en el subproducto se atribuye a su naturaleza compleja. Estas especies minerales contienen una importante concentración de plata cuya extracción representa un importante valor agregado para el concentrado y su estudio abre pauta al desarrollo de nuevos procesos de lixiviación para la posterior recuperación del metal precioso. Para el proceso de caracterización se utilizó la combinación de varias técnicas analíticas como: Microscopia Óptica de Polarización (MOP), Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB) con espectrómetro de dispersión de energía (EDS) y Difracción de rayos X (DRX). Los resultados del análisis químico-granulométrico confirmaron la presencia de plata en una concentración promedio de 3.6 kg., y determinaron que la mayor distribución de plata en el concentrado se encuentra en el conjunto de partículas acotadas

Los resultados de la caracterización fueron complementados por cada una de las técnicas antes mencionadas y reportaron una mineralización argentífera, constituida principalmente por sulfosales de Ag como la tetraedrita, freibergita (Ag4.2As0.12Cu5.82Fe1.56S13Sb3.88Zn0.42), polibasita (Ag3.1As0.203CuS22Sb3.793), y en menor medida argentita (Ag2S), también se observó la presencia de metales base asociados en forma de sulfuros. La matriz de la muestra mineral corresponde a la galena (PbS).