bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Polynomial Based Regression Models in Vehicle Safety Analysis
Authors: Gu Lei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Vehicle crash is a highly nonlinear event in terms of the structural and dummy responses. However, Linear and quadratic polynomials regression are still widely used in the design optimization and reliability based optimization of vehicle safety analysis. This paper investigates the polynomial based subset selection regression models for vehicle safety analysis. Three subset selection techniques: all possible subset with linear polynomial, stepwise with quadratic polynomial and sequential replacement with quadratic and cubic polynomials, are discussed. The methods have been applied to data from finite element simulations of vehicle full frontal crash, side impact and frontal offset impact. It is shown subset selection with sequential replacement algorithm gives the best accuracy responses. It is also shown from limited finite element simulation data, the quadratic polynomial is good enough for most structural and dummy responses when gauges and materials are used as design variables. For vehicle weight, linear polynomial fits well.
An Efficient Algorithm for Circular Blending of Edges
Authors: Jaiswal Sharad K. , Ghosal A. , Gurumoorthy B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a method for constructing circular blends using geometric tools. The algorithm presented in this paper is based on marching along a characteristic direction on the tangent plane to the Voronoi surface of the two surfaces being considered for blending. Starting from any point on the edge to be blended, the algorithm converges to the spine curve. The characteristic direction of marching lies on the plane containing the points in assignment and the tangent plane to the Voronoi surface. The spine curve generation algorithm presented in this paper, does not require computing offsets of surfaces or an explicit evaluation of surface-surface intersection (SSI). The algorithm presented is computationally simple and fast, and can be used for constant and variable radius circular blending of surfaces, each of which is G2 continuous. The algorithm can also be used to obtain the surface-surface intersection curve by setting the radius of blend to zero.
Solid Model Reconstruction of Wireframe CAD Models
Authors: Inoue Keisuke , Shimada Kenji , Chilaka Karthick 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes an efficient method for reconstructing a solid model by generating its boundary surface from a wireframe model. This method utilizes a wireframe that is topologically a 2-connected planar multigraph, which can be interpreted as a solid in multiple ways. First the graph is decomposed using triconnected component decomposition; all solutions are then generated combinatorially. Each solution is a set of face loops representing a closed 2-manifold of genus 0. After giving a surface geometry for each face loop, the solutions are pruned according to prescribed geometric simplicity criteria. A method for extending the algorithm to deal with general disconnected wireframes is also described. This approach is characterized by not using geometry for reconstructing 2-manifold topology; geometry is used for discarding geometrically invalid solutions and prioritizing remaining ones. Therefore, negative influence of geometric errors is minimized and even wireframes having incomplete geometry can be handled. The algorithm provides an easy and intuitive method of geometric modeling as well as a conversion tool for existing wireframes.
Alternate Sampling Methods for Use With Multidisciplinary Design Optimization in a High Performance Computing Environment
Authors: Kodiyalam Srinivas , Sobieszczanski-Sobieski Jaroslaw 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The focus of this paper on investigation of alternate methods for sampling the design space for use with MDO solutions in a multi-processor, high performance computing environment. The primary aim of these methods is to maximize the information gathered about the design space of interest. The conceptual simplicity of the MDO approach described in this paper is paid for by the large computing labor in the sampling. That labor is effectively compressed in time by the HPC environment that operates a large number of processors concurrently.
Discrete Curvature Approximations for the Segmentation of Polyhedral Surfaces
Authors: Lesage D. , Léon J.-C. , Véron P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The segmentation of digitized data to decompose a free form surface into patches is one of the key processes used to perform the reverse engineering of an object. To this end, discrete curvature approximations are introduced that form the basis of a segmentation process which lead to a decomposition of digitized data into areas that will help the construction of surface patches.
The approach presented relies on the use of a polyhedral representation of an object built from the digitized data input. Then, it is shown how noise reduction techniques, edge swapping techniques and adapted remeshing schemes can participate to different preparation phases which provide a geometry that highlights useful characteristics for the segmentation process.
The segmentation process is performed with various approximations of discrete curvatures evaluated on the polyhedrons issued by the preparation phases. The segmentation process proposed involves two stages: the identification of characteristic polylines and the identification of polyhedral regions. Discrete curvature criteria are adapted to each stage and concepts of invariant are introduced to generate criteria, which are constant over equivalent meshes. An outline of the segmentation procedure is provided together with examples of results for free form objects.
An Approach to Robust Design Employing Computer Experiments
Authors: Lee Jinkoo , Li D. J. , Liu Xiaoping , Soderborg Nathan , Sudjianto Agus , Vora Mahesh , Wang Steve C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The importance of robust design has been well recognized throughout the industry. However, the cost and lead-time associated with hardware experiments are the obstacles to more applications of robust design methodology. Responding to the current trend of employing more computer experiments, we present an analytical robust design methodology based on computer experiments and three application examples from the automotive industry.
On the Classification of Fitting Problems for Single Patch Free-Form Surfaces in Reverse Engineering
Authors: Shalaby Mohammed M. , Nassef Ashraf O. , Metwalli Sayed M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The design and manufacture of free-form surfaces increased in industrial applications, especially for the re-manufacture of spare parts, or in the die and mold industry. Reverse engineering has become the status quo technique in reproducing parts whose original designs are no longer existing or for parts, which assume slightly different shapes after manufacturing as in the case of die and mold industry. Laser scanners have been used extensively in sampling points from parts surfaces. The sampled points are then fitted with a free-form surface using one of the geometric modeling techniques such as Bezier or B-Spline surfaces. Since Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) is the most general form of geometric modeling techniques, this paper presents the possible formulations of the fitting problem optimization and presents some guidelines of the choice of the independent NURBS parameters, once the control points are evaluated using least squares fitting. The work shows that the use of NURBS weights can provide better improvements for the significant reduction of the fitting error, rather than the widely used knot values. In addition the work shows that parts with semi planar surfaces do not need further refinement using non-linear optimization methods.
Optimal Integration of Smart Actuators in Parallel and Cooperating Robots to Enhance Operating Speed and Accuracy
Authors: Yuan L. , Rastegar J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Robot manipulators with parallel kinematics chains and two or more robots manipulating an object form closed kinematics chains. When revolute joints are used in the construction of such robotic manipulation systems, the presence of closed chains and their associated kinematics nonlinearity demands high harmonic motions in at least a number of the actuated joints. This is the case even if all the links are relatively rigid and attempt is made to synthesize the joint motions with minimal harmonic content. The presence of high harmonic components in the actuated joint motions is undesirable since as the operating speed is increased, their frequencies would rapidly increase and move beyond the dynamic response limitations of the actuating drives, thereby causing vibration and control problems. The performance of the system in terms of cycle time, tracking precision and the like would therefore suffer. This is particularly the case since the dynamics of such systems is also highly nonlinear and require higher harmonic components in the actuating torques (forces). In this paper, a systematic method is presented for optimal integration of smart (active) materials based actuators into the structure of cooperating robots and robot manipulators with parallel kinematics chain for the purpose of eliminating the high harmonic components of their actuated joint motions. As the result, the potential excitation of the natural modes of vibration of such systems and their related control problems can be greatly reduced. The resulting robotic systems should therefore be capable of operating at higher speeds with increased precision.
Implicit Uncertainty Propagation for Robust Collaborative Optimization
Authors: Gu Xiaoyu , Renaud John E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this research we develop a mathematical construct for estimating uncertainties within the bilevel optimization framework of collaborative optimization. The collaborative optimization strategy employs decomposition techniques that decouple analysis tools in order to facilitate disciplinary autonomy and parallel execution. To ensure consistency of the physical artifact being designed, interdisciplinary consistency constraints are introduced at the system level. These constraints implicitly enforce multidisciplinary consistency when satisfied. The decomposition employed in collaborative optimization prevents the use of explicit propagation techniques for estimating uncertainties of system performance. In this investigation we develop and evaluate an implicit method for estimating system performance uncertainties within the collaborative optimization framework. The methodology accounts for both the uncertainty associated with design inputs and the uncertainty of performance predictions from other disciplinary simulation tools.
These implicit uncertainty estimates are used as the basis for a new robust collaborative optimization (RCO) framework. The bilevel robust optimization strategy developed in this research provides for disciplinary autonomy in system design, while simultaneously accounting for performance uncertainties to ensure feasible robustness of the resulting system. The method is effective in locating a feasible robust optima in application studies involving a multidisciplinary aircraft concept sizing problem. The system-level consistency constraint formulation used in this investigation avoids the computational difficulties normally associated with convergence in collaborative optimization. The consistency constraints are formulated to have the inherent properties necessary for convergence of general non-convex problems when performing collaborative optimization.
Analysis of a Geometric Specification
Authors: Serré P. , Rivière A. , Duong A. N. , Ortuzar A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a series of methods for analyzing a geometric specification in 2 and 3 dimensional space. These are based on a new model for length and angle constraints as currently studied in variational geometry. These various tools will hopefully further the exchange of information between the designer and CAD systems.
Improving Commonality in Custom Products Using Product Platforms
Authors: Farrell Ronald S. , Simpson Timothy W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many companies find it difficult to maintain commonality and economies of scale in products with strict customer design requirements that may vary greatly from contract-to-contract or piece-to-piece. These strict and varied requirements typically result in highly customized products that are costly to manufacture, involve short production runs, and require long delivery times. In this paper we discuss how the strategic incorporation of product platforms into the design process can leverage the design effort of individually customized products. As an example, we discuss the design of yoke cross-section platforms used to mount valve actuators in the nuclear power industry. Through this example we demonstrate the process of creating a market segmentation grid, choosing a targeted segment, creating a product platform for the yoke cross-section, and defining the yoke product family. The proposed modular architecture for pattern construction reduces the number of new yoke patterns needed for manufacturing, which will generate the most significant savings. Implementation of the yoke platforms will also reduce design cycle time and costs, shorten quotation and lead times, and improve overall customer satisfaction and good will. The end result is a product platform design process that will improve response to customer requests, reduce design cost, and improve time to market for companies that make small production runs of highly customized products.
Path Verification for Unstructured Environments and Medical Applications
Authors: Stocco Leo J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In some robot applications, workspace limitations can interfere with the desired path. In unstructured environments such as robot assisted surgery, checking for this must be done quickly to minimize procedural delays. Here, an algorithm is proposed that computes the distance between a few points on the desired path and the nearest workspace boundary to determine if the path is admissible (i.e. inside the dextrous workspace). Execution time is dependent on the proximity of the path to the reachable workspace limit and is upper bounded by a configurable workspace deadband value. The algorithm is applied to the ROBODOC® Surgical Assistant with good results.
Material Instrumentation: A Crystallization of Different Points of View in the Multi-Trade Product Design: A Visual and Tactile Field Application
Authors: Stoeltzlen N. , Minel S. , Bouchard C. , Millet D. , Aoussat A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The topic of this article is to consider the role of material instrumentation in inter-trade cooperation and innovation dynamics. Within today’s competition context, innovation and knowledge management concern more and more products design. Various actors come into account during product design phase. We can quote designers, ergonomist, technologist and marketer: as many competence and different visions. In the first part, we will endeavour to show in what material instrumentation can stimulates the inter-trade cooperation. Then through a concrete example, we will endeavour to show how material instrumentation is supported by innovation.
Structural Synthesis of a Class of Five-DOF Parallel Robot Mechanisms Based on Single-Opened-Chain Units
Authors: Jin Qiong , Yang Ting-Li , Liu An-Xin , Shen Hui-Ping , Yao Fang-Hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on the units of single-opened-chain limb, some topological characteristics of rank-degenerate parallel robot mechanisms are revealed, and a systematic methodology for the structural synthesis of a class of five degree-of-freedom parallel robot mechanisms is put forward in this paper. 49 new mechanisms with three translational and two rotational degrees of freedom are synthesized and classified. The method proposed in this paper is of universal significance and has been used for the structure synthesis of rank-degenerate parallel robot mechanisms with other kinematics output types.
Planned Experiments for Mechanical Assemblies
Authors: Sexton Christine J. , Lewis Susan M. , Please Colin P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For experiments on mechanical products, conventional methods for reducing the experimental effort that is needed to extract information, such as those of Taguchi, can be infeasible because components with the dimensions needed for a standard factorial plan can be prohibitively expensive. Also, many factors for investigation are not directly measurable, as they are derived from the properties of several components and their assembly.
Methods are described for finding optimal plans for such experiments from a minimal sample of measured components, and are illustrated through a pilot investigation of a hydraulic pump.
Important issues are addressed of the robustness of the plans to possible missing data, for example due to product failure, and the need to ensure that the influences of the various different factors can be clearly extracted from the experimental results.
On-going work in the aeronautical industry on products for low-volume manufacturing is also described, where experiments are run on-line so that information can be swiftly obtained without delay in the manufacturing process.
Design for Control and Optimization of Flow Front Progression in Liquid Molding Processes
Authors: Kolavennu Soumitri , Foslien Wendy , Mathur Anoop , Parthasarathy Sanjay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The processing of composite materials has advanced from being a fine art to a well-studied science. The Advanced Materials Intelligent Processing Center (AMIPC) program demonstrates the use of process models, advanced technologies and data-centric algorithms to improve the quality and consistency of composites processing. As part of the AMIPC program, the Intelligent Process Control group at Honeywell developed a design environment for on-line control and disturbance rejection in Resin Transfer Molding process. In this paper we present a “design for control” methodology that proved to be a well suited for intelligent control of RTM processes. The major point addressed in this research is “Control issues need to be analyzed DURING process design”.
Design for Robustness of Modular Product Families for Current and Future Markets
Authors: Jiang Lan , Allada Venkat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a modified Taguchi methodology to improve the robustness of modular product families against changes in customer requirements. The general research questions posed in this paper are: (1) How to effectively design a product family (PF) that is robust enough to accommodate future customer requirements? (2) How far into the future should the designers look to design a robust product family? An example of a simplified vacuum product family is used to illustrate our methodology. In the example, the customer requirements are selected as signal factors; the future changes of customer requirements are selected as noise factors; an index called the quality characteristic (QC) is set to evaluate the product vacuum family; and the module instance matrix (M) is selected as the control factor. Initially a relation between the objective function (QC) and the control factor (M) is established, and then the search space is systemically explored using the simplex method to determine the optimum M and the corresponding QC values. Next, various noise levels at different time points are introduced into the system. For each noise level, the optimal values of M and QC are computed and plotted on a QC-chart. The tunable time period of the control factor (in the example, the module matrix, M) is computed using the QC-chart. The tunable time period represents the maximum time for which a given module matrix can be used to satisfy the current and future customer needs. Finally, a robustness index is used to break up the tunable time period into suitable time periods that the designers should focus on while designing product families.
Cost-Specification Analysis: Design Concept Selection Based on Target Cost and Specifications
Authors: Takai Shun , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a new system design methodology called the Cost-Specification Analysis. The method seeks to satisfy both target cost and required functionality simultaneously. The method assumes that the worth of a product’s structure such as a main system, a sub-system, an assembly and a part, or its specifications is proportional to its degree of contribution to fulfill the customer needs. The paper first presents systematic procedure to allocate the importance of the “Voice of the Customer” to product’s structures and their specifications. The Cost-Specification Analysis evaluates design concept candidates based on the target cost of a structure calculated from its worth, and the target specifications. The design concept that satisfies both the target cost and the specifications should lead to larger customer satisfaction and financially successful product. The design concept selection of a particle beam control system in linear accelerator serves as an illustrative example.
Assembly Quality Methodolgy: An Application of the Defect Prediction to Audio Equipment Assembled at Various Manufacturing Sites
Authors: Shibata Hirokazu , Cheldelin Brent , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the development of the quantitative predictor of defects that works not only on the whole product but also on its modular units. The authors divide the assembly process of a product into small modules, and apply the Assembly Quality Methodology (AQM) to determine the assembly complexity of the modules. The authors also verify the correlation between complexity factor of the modules and their defect rates. The newly proposed floating threshold assembly time improves the correlation between complexity factor and defects per unit (DPU). The authors discuss the comparison of case studies and the interpretation of their results for the future improvement of the method.
Environmentally Benign Manufacturing: Trends in Europe, Japan, and the USA
Authors: Allen Dave , Bauer Diana , Bras Bert , Gutowski Tim , Murphy Cindy , Piwonka Tom , Sheng Paul , Sutherland John , Thurston Deborah , Wolff Egon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, findings of the Panel for International Assessment of Environmentally Benign Manufacturing Technologies, sponsored by the United States National Science Foundation, are discussed. The mission of this interdisciplinary panel was to assess the international state-of-the-art in Environmentally Benign Manufacturing (EBM), and to identify priorities and collaborative opportunities. Over 50 sites in Japan, Europe and the United States were visited over the course of the yearlong study. This paper focuses on some global trends that were observed.