bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in patients with esophageal atresia
Authors: ten Kate Chantal A. , Brouwer Rutger W. W. , van Bever Yolande , Martens Vera K. , Brands Tom , van Beelen Nicole W. G. , Brooks Alice S. , Huigh Daphne , van der Helm Robert M. , Eussen Bert H. F. M. M. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Tibboel Dick , Wijnen Rene M. H. , de Klein Annelies , Hofstra Robert M. W. , Brosens Erwin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients born with esophageal atresia (EA) have a higher incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), suggestive of a relationship. A shared etiology makes sense from a developmental perspective as both affected structures are foregut derived. A genetic component has been described for both conditions as single entities and EA and IHPS are variable components in several monogenetic syndromes. We hypothesized that defects disturbing foregut morphogenesis are responsible for this combination of malformations.MethodsWe investigated the genetic variation of 15 patients with both EA and IHPS with unaffected parents using exome sequencing and SNP array‐based genotyping, and compared the results to mouse transcriptome data of the developing foregut.ResultsWe did not identify putatively deleterious de novo mutations or recessive variants. However, we detected rare inherited variants in EA or IHPS disease genes or in genes important in foregut morphogenesis, expressed at the proper developmental time‐points. Two pathways were significantly enriched (p < 1 × 10−5): proliferation and differentiation of smooth muscle cells and self‐renewal of satellite cells.ConclusionsNone of our findings could fully explain the combination of abnormalities on its own, which makes complex inheritance the most plausible genetic explanation, most likely in combination with mechanical and/or environmental factors. As we did not find one defining monogenetic cause for the EA/IHPS phenotype, the impact of the corrective surgery could should be further investigated.
Development of a scale‐up strategy for Chinese hamster ovary cell culture processes using the kLa ratio as a direct indicator of gas stripping conditions
Authors: Doi Tomohiro , Kajihara Hideyuki , Chuman Yasuo , Kuwae Shinobu , Kaminagayoshi Takashi , Omasa Takeshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, we described a scale‐up strategy focused on the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration (dCO2) during fed‐batch cultivation of Chinese hamster ovary cells. A fed‐batch culture process for a 2000‐L scale stainless steel (SS) bioreactor was scaled‐up from similarly shaped 200‐L scale bioreactors based on power input per unit volume (P/V). However, during the 2000‐L fed‐batch culture, the dCO2 was higher compared with the 200‐L scale bioreactor. Therefore, we developed an alternative approach by evaluating the kLa values of O2 (kLa[O2]) and CO2 [kLa(CO2)] in the SS bioreactors as a scale‐up factor for dCO2 reduction. The kLa ratios [kLa(CO2)/kLa(O2)] were different between the 200‐L and 2000‐L bioreactors under the same P/V condition. When the agitation conditions were changed, the kLa ratio of the 2000‐L scale bioreactor became similar and the P/V value become smaller compared with those of the 200‐L SS bioreactor. The dCO2 trends in fed‐batch cultures performed in 2000‐L scale bioreactors under the modified agitation conditions were similar to the control. This kLa ratio method was used for process development in single‐use bioreactors (SUBs) with shapes different from those of the SS bioreactor. The kLa ratios for the SUBs were evaluated and conditions that provided kLa ratios similar to the 200‐L scale SS bioreactors were determined. The cell culture performance and product quality at the end of the cultivation process were comparable for all tested SUBs. Therefore, we concluded that the kLa ratio is a powerful scale‐up factor useful to control dCO2 during fed‐batch cultures.
Task scheduling using artificial bee foraging optimization for load balancing in cloud data centers
Authors: Muthsamy Geetha , Ravi Chandran Suganthe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLoad balancing in cloud data centers is a process of distributing the incoming service requests or the incoming tasks to the available virtual machines (VMs). This can be achieved by proper scheduling mechanisms through which the tasks will be allocated to suitable VMs. Scheduling in distributed systems, such as cloud data centers, is considered to be an NP‐complete problem. An efficient method of scheduling will result in balancing the load on the VMs, thereby achieving effective resource utilization. Hence, there is a need for a new scheduling framework to perform load balancing amid considering multiple quality of service (QoS) metrics, such as makespan, response time, execution time, and task priority. Therefore, considering the above metrics, task scheduling using artificial bee foraging (TSABF) optimization is proposed to obtain an optimal schedule of tasks to VMs. The resulting optimal schedule consists of a set of VMs to which the tasks are scheduled in a preemptive manner. Task preemption is done to reduce the response and the execution time of the tasks pertaining to different priorities. The experimental results are compared to the existing honey bee behavior‐inspired load balancing (HBB‐LB) algorithm. The results show that TSABF acts as an alternative scheduling strategy to perform load balancing and also improves the QoS metrics when compared to HBB‐LB.
Additive‐Induced Selective Crystallization of the Elusive Form‐II of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid
Authors: Wang Lingyu , Tang Weiwei , Du Shichao , Wu Songgu , Gong Junbo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe impact of two structural factors of sodium carboxylate additives on their ability to induce the selective crystallization of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) Form‐II was investigated, namely, the number of –COO− groups and the types of R groups (chain alkyl, cyclic alkyl, or phenyl). It was found that the increase of –COO− groups caused the additives lose their inducing ability. This may be attributed to the fact that the increment of hydrophilic –COO− groups results in enhanced solvation and steric effect of additives, which makes additives unable to interact with GABA effectively. Additives with different R groups all can induce Form‐II but they exhibited varying inducing abilities. This could be due to the distinct results of competition between the attachment and detachment of different additives on the GABA growth end.
High Volumetric Energy Density of LiFePO4/KB Cathode Materials Based on Ketjen Black Additive
Authors: Li Zhenfei , Ren Xin , Tian Weichao , Zheng Yi , Sun Jiachen , An Liwei , Wen Lizhi , Wang Li , Liang Guangchuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh tap density and superior electronic conductivity of LiFePO4/KB was synthesized by a combination of wet ball‐milling, spray drying, and carbothermal reduction with Ketjen black (KB) as a carbon additive. KB is a conductive carbon black with the special chain‐like structure. When KB is used to coat on the surface of primary particles of LiFePO4, the chain‐like structure can form a developed 3D network structure between the primary particles of LiFePO4. This special structure can not only provide conductive channels for electrons but also cause the primary particles of LiFePO4 to aggregate tightly. Comparing to the conventional carbon coating materials (only glucose as the carbon source) with a low volumetric energy density of 452.5 Wh L−1 at 1 C rate, we simultaneously increased the electrical conductivity (7.8×10−2 S cm−1) and tap density (1.6 g cm−3) by adding KB, resulting in a higher volumetric energy density of 829.9 Wh L−1 at 1 C rate. When KB is added at 5 % of glucose mass, the LiFePO4/KB composite shows an excellent discharge capacity of 161.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and the 97.7 % retention rate after 500 cycles at 5 C.
Tailoring Magnetic Features in Zigzag‐Edged Nanographenes by Controlled Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Ajayakumar M. R. , Fu Yubin , Liu Fupin , Komber Hartmut , Tkachova Valeriya , Xu Chi , Zhou Shengqiang , Popov Alexey A. , Liu Junzhi , Feng Xinliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanographenes (NGs) with tunable electronic and magnetic properties have attracted enormous attention in the realm of carbon‐based nanoelectronics. In particular, NGs with biradical character at the ground state are promising building units for molecular spintronics. However, most of the biradicaloids are susceptible to oxidation under ambient conditions and photolytic degradation, which hamper their further applications. Herein, we demonstrated the feasibility of tuning the magnetic properties of zigzag‐edged NGs in order to enhance their stability via the controlled Diels–Alder reactions of peri‐tetracene (4‐PA). The unstable 4‐PA (y0=0.72; half‐life, t1/2=3 h) was transformed into the unprecedented benzo‐peri‐tetracenes (BPTs) by a one‐side Diels–Alder reaction, which featured a biradical character at the ground state (y0=0.60) and exhibited remarkable stability under ambient conditions for several months. In addition, the fully zigzag‐edged circumanthracenes (CAs) were achieved by two‐fold or stepwise Diels–Alder reactions of 4‐PA, in which the magnetic properties could be controlled by employing the corresponding dienophiles. Our work reported herein opens avenues for the synthesis of novel zigzag‐edged NGs with tailor‐made magnetic properties.
Aggregation‐Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Boron Complexes with a Carbazolyl Schiff Base
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Nomoto Shuichi , Takaishi Kazuto , Ema Tadashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA variety of carbazolyl‐appended Schiff bases were readily synthesized from 1‐formylcarbazoles and aniline derivatives. Boron complexation of the resulting ligands allowed for facile preparation of new carbazole‐based BODIPY analogues showing solid‐state fluorescence. Furthermore, some dyes were converted into chiral compounds through the Et2AlCl‐mediated incorporation of a binaphthyl unit. The chiral dyes showed aggregation‐induced fluorescence and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with the ΦF and glum of up to 0.22 and −3.5×10−3, respectively, in the solid state. The solid‐state fluorescence and CPL were well characterized by the crystal packing analyses and DFT calculations.
Better Together: Functional Heterobimetallic Macrocyclic and Cage‐like Assemblies
Authors: Hardy Matthias , Lützen Arne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetallosupramolecular chemistry has attracted the interest of generations of researches due to the versatile properties and functionalities of oligonuclear coordination complexes. Quite a number of different discrete cages were investigated, mostly consisting of only one type of ligand and one type of metal cation. Looking for ever more complex structures, heterobimetallic complexes became more and more attractive, as they give access to new structural motifs and functions. In the last years substantial success has been made in the design and synthesis of cages consisting of more than one type of metal cations, and a rapidly growing number of functional materials has appeared in the literature. This Minireview describes recent developments in the field of discrete heterometallic macrocycles and cages focusing on functional materials that have been used as host‐systems or as magnetic, photo‐active, redox‐active, and even catalytically active materials.
Chemical Bonding in Colossal Thermopower FeSb2
Authors: Grønbech Thomas Bjørn Egede , Tolborg Kasper , Svendsen Helle , Overgaard Jacob , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Brummerstedt Iversen Bo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFeSb2 exhibits a colossal Seebeck coefficient (
) and a record‐breaking high thermoelectric power factor. It also has an atypical shift from diamagnetism to paramagnetism with increasing temperature, and the fine details of its electron correlation effects have been widely discussed. The extraordinary physical properties must be rooted in the nature of the chemical bonding, and indeed, the chemical bonding in this archetypical marcasite structure has been heavily debated on a theoretical basis since the 1960s. The two prevalent models for describing the bonding interactions in FeSb2 are based on either ligand‐field stabilization of Fe or a network structure of Sb hosting Fe ions. However, neither model can account for the observed properties of FeSb2. Herein, an experimental electron density study is reported, which is based on analysis of synchrotron X‐ray diffraction data measured at 15 K on a minute single crystal to limit systematic errors. The analysis is supplemented with density functional theory calculations in the experimental geometry. The experimental data are at variance with both the additional single‐electron Sb−Sb bond implied by the covalent model, and the large formal charge and expected d‐orbital splitting advocated by the ionic model. The structure is best described as an extended covalent network in agreement with expectations based on electronegativity differences.
The Scent of Maibowle – π Electron Localization in Coumarin from Its Microwave‐Determined Structure
Authors: Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam , Grabow Jens‐Uwe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe microwave spectra of the natural substance coumarin, a planar aromatic molecule with the specific scent of maibowle, a popular fruit punch served in spring and early summer, were recorded using a molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer working in the frequency range from 4.0 to 26.5 GHz. The rotational constants and centrifugal distortion constants were determined with high precision, reproducing the spectra to experimental accuracy. The spectra of all singly‐substituted 13C and 18O isotopologues were observed in their natural abundances to determine the experimental heavy atom substitution rs and semi‐experimental equilibrium reSE structures. The experimental bond lengths and bond angles were compared to those obtained from quantum chemical calculations and those of related molecules reported in the literature with benzene as the prototype. The alternation of the C−C bond lengths to the value of 1.39 Å found for benzene reflects the localization of π electrons in coumarin, where the benzene ring and the lactone‐like chain −CH=CH−(C=O)−O− are fused. The large, negative inertial defect of coumarin is consistent with out‐of‐plane vibrations of the fused rings.
Semantic analysis on social networks: A survey
Authors: Bayrakdar Sumeyye , Yucedag Ibrahim , Simsek Mehmet , Dogru Ibrahim Alper 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAs social networks are getting more and more popular day by day, large numbers of users becoming constantly active social network users. In this way, there is a huge amount of data produced by users in social networks. While social networking sites and dynamic applications of these sites are actively used by people, social network analysis is also receiving an increasing interest. Moreover, semantic understanding of text, image, and video shared in a social network has been a significant topic in the network analysis research. To the best of the author's knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive survey of social networks, including semantic analysis. In this survey, we have reviewed over 200 contributions in the field, most of which appeared in recent years. This paper not only aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the research and application of social network analysis based on semantic analysis but also summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art techniques for analyzing social media data. First of all, in this paper, social networks, basic concepts, and components related to social network analysis were examined. Second, semantic analysis methods for text, image, and video in social networks are explained, and various studies about these topics are examined in the literature. Then, the emerging approaches in social network analysis research, especially in semantic social network analysis, are discussed. Finally, the trending topics and applications for future directions of the research are emphasized; the information on what kind of studies may be realized in this area is given.
The economics of conservation debt: a natural capital approach to revealed valuation of ecological dynamics
Authors: Maher Samantha M. , Fenichel Eli P. , Schmitz Oswald J. , Adamowicz Wiktor L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSome species are valued for their direct usefulness to society, through immediate financial returns from market activities such as harvesting or ecotourism. But many are valued for their passive usefulness, i.e., their mere existence contributes to supporting, regulating or cultural environmental services that support human well‐being. Hence, there is inherent social value to conserving such species as natural assets. However, such species are seldom priced as natural assets, and thus not accounted for in sustainability wealth measures because deriving non‐market prices is challenging. We overcome this limitation by presenting a new approach for natural asset pricing of species with passive value that can be incorporated into national sustainability wealth accounting. We explicitly consider the relationship between prevailing institutions, species interactions, and ecosystem dynamics. Our approach is illustrated with the case of threatened woodland caribou in the Alberta Oil Sands. We show that conservation can be considered an investment while destructive activities can lead to a loss or conservation debt; and forgoing destructive activities can be considered a capital gain, increasing future wealth. Our approach reveals that caribou conservation in Alberta is leading to a conservation debt on the order of CA$800 million.
Footedness predicts escape performance in a passerine bird
Authors: Yu Gaoyang , Guo Jinxin , Xie Wenqian , Wang Jun , Wu Yichen , Zhang Jinggang , Xu Jiliang , Li Jianqiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBehavioral lateralization, which is associated with the functional lateralization of the two brain hemispheres, commonly exists in animals and can provide an individual with benefits such as enhanced cognition and dual tasking. Lateral bias in limb use, as a type of behavioral lateralization, occur in many species, but the reasons for the coexistence of left‐ and right‐biased individuals in a population remain poorly understood. We examined the footedness of male yellow‐bellied tits (Pardaliparus venustulus) when they used feet to clamp mealworms against a perch, and tested its association with other fitness‐related behavioral traits (i.e., feeding efficiency, exploration tendency, and escape performance). We expected differently footed individuals to have respective advantages in these behaviors and thereby coexist (“respective advantage” hypothesis). We found their footedness repeatable, and there was no population‐level bias. While no associations of feeding efficiency and exploration tendency with footedness were detected, the right‐footed individuals were found to be harder to catch than the other individuals. Future studies need to investigate the reasons for the right‐footed individuals' superior escape performance. Moreover, the escape advantage for being right‐footed and the lack of population‐level bias in footedness in male yellow‐bellied tits suggest that the benefits related to left footedness also remain to be explored.
Fabrication of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Imprinted Poly(ionic liquid)s via eATRP and its Application in Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Yang Yifei , Sun Yue , Jin Mingzhu , Bai Ru , Liu Yutong , Wu Yingqi , Wang Wei , Feng Xuewei , Li Siyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSuperoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in nearly all living cells. In this study, SOD imprinted poly(ionic liquid)s (SIPILs) were prepared on the surface of the bare Au electrode modified with nano‐palladium and nano‐gold (Au/nPd/nAu/SIPILs). SIPILs was synthesized with 1‐vinyl‐3‐propyl imidazole sulfonate ionic liquids as functional monomers via electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) catalyzed by SOD. The Au/nPd/nAu/SIPILs was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Au/nPd/nAu/SIPILs was also used as an electrochemical sensor to determine SOD by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under the optimal conditions, the detection range of SOD was from 1.0×10−8 to 1.0×102 mg L−1 with a limit of detection of 8.90×10−9 mg L−1 (S/N=3). Compared with other methods, the sensor based on SIPILs had the broader linear range and lower detection limit.
Joint relay assignment and energy‐efficiency maximization in energy‐harvesting downlink/uplink clustered nonorthogonal multiple‐access networks
Authors: Baidas Mohammed W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, the problem of joint relay assignment and energy‐efficiency maximization (J‐RA‐EE‐MAX) in energy‐harvesting downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) clustered nonorthogonal multiple‐access (NOMA) networks is considered. Specifically, the aim is to perform relay assignment to user clusters in the DL and UL directions, while simultaneously maximizing energy efficiency (EE) over each relay via multiobjective optimization, and satisfying users' quality‐of‐service (QoS) constraints. However, problem J‐RA‐EE‐MAX happens to be nonconvex in each link direction, and thus is computationally prohibitive. Alternatively, a low‐complexity solution procedure is devised to solve problem J‐RA‐EE‐MAX in each link direction by: (i) optimally solving the energy‐efficiency maximizing power allocation (EE‐MAX‐PA) for each (user cluster, relay) combination to construct the relays' preference profile, and (ii) performing relay assignment via Gale's top trading cycles (TTC) matching mechanism. In particular, the optimal solution of the EE‐MAX‐PA problem is obtained by transforming it into a concave maximization problem, while the TTC mechanism is executed in linear time‐complexity so as to obtain a stable relay assignment. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed solution procedure, which is shown to yield comparable user cluster sum‐rate and relay EE to the J‐RA‐EE‐MAX scheme, and superior to other schemes in both link directions, however, at lower computational complexity, while satisfying users' QoS constraints. Finally, this work sheds light on the importance of decoupling relay assignment in the DL/UL directions, which significantly improves user cluster sum‐rate and relay EE in comparison to coupled relay assignment schemes, and thus serves the requirements of 5G networks and beyond.