bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investment agreements and the fragmentation of firms across countries
Authors: Betz Timm , Pond Amy , Yin Weiwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine the global ownership structure of firms in the context of the investment regime. Investment agreements extend valuable privileges to firms invested abroad. But, these privileges only apply to firms whose assets are owned in a country that has signed an agreement with their host market; firms lack protections under investment agreements for many of their target markets. We argue that, by strategically locating subsidiaries in ‘transit’ countries, firms systematically expand their access to investment agreements. This firm-specific access to investment agreements through transit countries also has implications for investment flows: Transit countries receive more inflows and outflows of investment. Moreover, the impact of agreements declines over time and treaty partners, as seemingly newly protected firms have previously gained coverage through subsidiaries. Drawing on subsidiary location choices of the world’s largest firms, as well as data on firm ownership structures and aggregate investment flows, we present systematic evidence consistent with this argument. The paper highlights the importance of the global ownership structure of firms in an environment of heterogeneous international rules and discusses new distributional consequences of the investment regime.
Chest X-ray findings in a large cohort of 1117 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter study during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy
Authors: Vespro Valentina , Andrisani Maria Carmela , Fusco Stefano , Di Meglio Letizia , Plensich Guido , Scarabelli Alice , Stellato Elvira , Ierardi Anna Maria , Scudeller Luigia , Coppola Andrea , Gori Andrea , Pesenti Antonio , Grasselli Giacomo , Aliberti Stefano , Blasi Francesco , Villa Chiara , Ippolito Sonia , Pirrò Barbara , Damiani Guglielmo , Galli Massimo , Rizzardini Giuliano , Catena Emanuele , Orlandi Matteo Agostino , Magnani Sandro , Cipolla Giuseppe , Ianniello Andrea Antonio , Petrillo Mario , Xhepa Genti , Scamporrino Antonio , Cazzulani Alberto , Carrafiello Gianpaolo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo describe radiographic key patterns on Chest X-ray (CXR) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, assessing the prevalence of radiographic signs of interstitial pneumonia. To evaluate pattern variation between a baseline and a follow-up CXR. 1117 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively enrolled from four centers in Lombardy region. All patients underwent a CXR at presentation. Follow-up CXR was performed when clinically indicated. Two radiologists in each center reviewed images and classified them as suggestive or not for interstitial pneumonia, recording the presence of ground-glass opacity (GGO), reticular pattern or consolidation and their distribution. Pearson’s χ2 test for categorical variables and McNemar test (χ2 for paired data) were performed. Patients mean age 63.3 years, 767 were males (65.5%). The main result is the large proportion of positive CXR in COVID-19 patients. Baseline CXR was positive in 940 patients (80.3%), with significant differences in age and sex distribution between patients with positive and negative CXR. 382 patients underwent a follow-up CXR. The most frequent pattern on baseline CXR was the GGO (66.1%), on follow-up was consolidation (53.4%). The most common distributions were peripheral and middle-lower lung zone. We described key-patterns and their distribution on CXR in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients: GGO was the most frequent finding on baseline CXR, while we found an increase in the proportion of lung consolidation on follow-up CXR. CXR proved to be a reliable tool in our cohort obtaining positive results in 80.3% of the baseline cases.
Protect, Repair, and Regenerate: Towards Restoring Vision in Glaucoma
Authors: Wareham Lauren K. , Risner Michael L. , Calkins David J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We summarize recent advances in strategies that aim to restore optic nerve function and vision in glaucoma through protective, reparative, and regenerative avenues.

Recent Findings
Neuroprotection relies on identification of early retinal ganglion cell dysfunction, which could prove challenging in the clinic. Cell replacement therapies show promise in restoring lost vision, but some hurdles remain in restoring visual circuitry in the retina and central connections in the brain.

Summary
Identification and manipulation of intrinsic and extrinsic cellular mechanisms that promote axon regeneration in both resident and transplanted RGCs will drive future advances in vision restoration. Understanding the roles of multiple cell types in the retina that act in concert to promote RGC survival will aid efforts to promote neuronal health and restoration. Effective RGC transplantation, fine tuning axon guidance and growth, and synaptogenesis of transplanted and resident RGCs are still areas that require more research.
RECOGNICER: A coarse‐graining approach for identifying broad domains from ChIP‐seq data
Authors: Zang Chongzhi , Wang Yiren , Peng Weiqun 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHistone modifications are major factors that define chromatin states and have functions in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq) technique has been widely used for profiling the genome‐wide distribution of chromatin‐associating protein factors. Some histone modifications, such as H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, usually mark broad domains in the genome ranging from kilobases (kb) to megabases (Mb) long, resulting in diffuse patterns in the ChIP‐seq data that are challenging for signal separation. While most existing ChIP‐seq peak‐calling algorithms are based on local statistical models without account of multi‐scale features, a principled method to identify scale‐free board domains has been lacking.MethodsHere we present RECOGNICER (Recursive
coarse‐
grai
ning
identification for
ChIP‐seq
enriched
regions), a computational method for identifying ChIP‐seq enriched domains on a large range of scales. The algorithm is based on a coarse‐graining approach, which uses recursive block transformations to determine spatial clustering of local enriched elements across multiple length scales.ResultsWe apply RECOGNICER to call H3K27me3 domains from ChIP‐seq data, and validate the results based on H3K27me3’s association with repressive gene expression. We show that RECOGNICER outperforms existing ChIP‐seq broad domain calling tools in identifying more whole domains than separated pieces.ConclusionRECOGNICER can be a useful bioinformatics tool for next‐generation sequencing data analysis in epigenomics research.
Health care situation in patients with allergic respiratory diseases with special focus on specific immunotherapy
Authors: Valbert Frederik , Neusser Silke , Riederer Cordula , Wobbe-Ribinski Stefanie , Klimek Ludger , Sperl Annette , Pfaar Oliver , Werfel Thomas , Hamelmann Eckard , Neumann Anja , Wasem Jürgen , Biermann-Stallwitz Janine 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Background
Allergic respiratory diseases have an impact on the performance and quality of life of the patients. The allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causal treatment approach with the chance to positively influence the course of the disease. However, differentiated figures for the treatment of suitable patients in Germany are still missing.

Methods
The health care situation in Germany is examined with a retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort-based health care analysis based on patient data and routine data from statutory health insurance (SHI). Characteristics are identified that encourage or prevent guideline-based care. In addition, data on quality of life and costs of illness of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are collected and evaluated.

Results
Routine data provide comprehensive and cross-sectoral information about diagnoses and utilization of health care services. In addition, primary data give information on disease severity, treatment history, quality of life, use of alternative treatment methods, and sociodemographic characteristics of the patients.

Conclusion
Analysis of the care situation with regard to the specific immunotherapy in cases of allergic respiratory diseases (VerSITA) provides a solid basis for future research and for informing decision-makers in order to develop measures to optimize care.
Discriminated by an algorithm: a systematic review of discrimination and fairness by algorithmic decision-making in the context of HR recruitment and HR development
Authors: Köchling Alina , Wehner Marius Claus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlgorithmic decision-making is becoming increasingly common as a new source of advice in HR recruitment and HR development. While firms implement algorithmic decision-making to save costs as well as increase efficiency and objectivity, algorithmic decision-making might also lead to the unfair treatment of certain groups of people, implicit discrimination, and perceived unfairness. Current knowledge about the threats of unfairness and (implicit) discrimination by algorithmic decision-making is mostly unexplored in the human resource management context. Our goal is to clarify the current state of research related to HR recruitment and HR development, identify research gaps, and provide crucial future research directions. Based on a systematic review of 36 journal articles from 2014 to 2020, we present some applications of algorithmic decision-making and evaluate the possible pitfalls in these two essential HR functions. In doing this, we inform researchers and practitioners, offer important theoretical and practical implications, and suggest fruitful avenues for future research.
Banter Versus Bullying: a University Student Perspective
Authors: Buglass Sarah L. , Abell Loren , Betts Lucy R. , Hill Rowena , Saunders Jessica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBanter, a form of social communication, is perceived to enhance social cohesion between friends in online and offline contexts. A fine line between banter and bullying behaviours exists however, with some instances of banter perceived as bullying, cyberbullying, and relational aggression. Two qualitative studies explored university students’ understanding and experiences of banter. Study 1 reports the findings from a content analysis of open-ended survey responses obtained from 190 UK-based psychology undergraduate students (18–35 years; 24 male, 166 female). Results suggested that students perceived banter to be indicative of humorous, positively intentioned social exchanges between friends, with few inferring potential links to negative behaviours. Study 2 data was generated from four focus groups (n = 21; 18–26 years; 15 female, 5 male, and 1 non-binary) guided by semi-structured interviews and banter/bullying vignettes. Interpretative phenomenological analysis identified four key themes: characteristics, social context, intent, and self-preservation. Discussions highlighted how students’ evaluations of banter were more complex than the results of study 1 had inferred. Students differentiate social interactions, using numerous verbal and text-based communication cues, and social rules of engagement to appraise and interpret intent. The study contributes to the currently sparse literature concerning university students’ use and experience of banter in offline and digital settings.
Characterization of a bonding method for titanium-glass sealing
Authors: Winkler Sebastian , Edelmann Jan , Schubert Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractApplications for smart medical implants require hermetic and mechanically strong seals between functional and biocompatible materials. Hermetic seals between titanium Ti6Al4V and silica-based glass can be produced using a novel bonding method based on glass pressing at temperatures around the softening point. This paper presents investigation results for the tensile bond strength and the gas leak rate depending on the manufacturing process parameters. Notably, when using blasted surfaces, the tensile bond strengths reached 12 MPa and good adherence with very low leakage due to the removed oxide layer and surface structure. The interface is analyzed and characterized by applying SEM methods related to the different adhesion mechanisms.
The structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East
Authors: McKenzie Dan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurface velocity measurements show that the Middle East is one of the most actively deforming regions of the continents. The structure of the underlying lithosphere and convecting upper mantle can be explored by combining three types of measurement. The gravity field from satellite and surface measurements is supported by the elastic properties of the lithosphere and by the underlying mantle convection. Three dimensional shear wave velocities can be determined by tomographic inversion of surface wave velocities. The shear wave velocities of the mantle are principally controlled by temperature, rather than by composition. The mantle composition can be obtained from that of young magmas. Application of these three types of observation to the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East shows that the lithosphere thickness in most parts is no more than 50-70 km, and that the elastic thickness is less than 5 km. Because the lithosphere is so thin and weak the pattern of the underlying convection is clearly visible in the topography and gravity, as well as controlling the volcanism. The convection pattern takes the form of spokes: lines of hot upwelling mantle, joining hubs where the upwelling is three dimensional. It is the same as that seen in high Rayleigh number laboratory and numerical experiments. The lithospheric thicknesses beneath the seafloor to the SW of the Hellenic Arc and beneath the NE part of the Arabian Shield are more than 150 km and the elastic thicknesses are 30–40 km.
Effect of lumbar puncture educational video on parental knowledge and self-reported intended practice
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Alsohime Fahad , Alhasan Khalid A. , Bashiri Fahad A. , Salleeh Hashim Bin , Hasan Gamal M. , Alhaboob Ali , Al-Sabei Narjes , Al-Wehaibi Abdullah , Temsah Omar , Somily Ali M. , Al-Zamil Fahad 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Lumbar puncture (LP) remains an essential diagnostic procedure for neurological and infectious diseases. However, it remains a source of anxiety to patients and families. This research aimed to assess the impact of a newly developed educational simplified video about LP, in the parents' native language, that is tailored to their social background and beliefs and to assess whether it can facilitate their consent for the procedure.

Methods:
This prospective, interventional study was conducted at the outpatient pediatric clinics at a teaching hospital. The conventional arm used verbal explanation about LP. The second method utilized a standardized video, having the same information as the conventional arm, with streaming of graphic depictions. Parents' knowledge and perceived LP risks were measured before and after the intervention.

Results:
Two hundred and one parents were enrolled, with no significant differences in the socio-demographic and baseline characteristics. Both verbal and video-based counseling were found to provide a statistically significant increase in knowledge scores, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that knowledge gains for both groups were statistically significant (Verbal Explanation: W = 2693, n = 83, P < .001 and Video: W = 5538, n = 117, P < .001). However, the conventional verbal counseling resulted in more consistent gain of knowledge (SD = 14.5) as compared to the video group (SD = 18.94). The video group reported higher perceived risk (Mean 8.2, SD 3.59) than the verbal explanation group (Mean 7.12, SD 2.51). The less educated parents perceived LP procedure to be of significantly higher risk after watching the video (P < .001). It was found that 73.6% of persons with perceived intention to refuse LP changed their opinion after either of the counseling interventions, with significant opinion difference pre- and post-counseling intervention (P value .002).

Conclusions:
Video education in parents' native language about LP is as effective as conventional verbal education for informed consent, with the additional advantage of reproducibility and more illustrations to give parents better insight. However, this video should be followed by direct interaction with parents to ensure their full understanding and address any further concerns.
Clinical Impact of a Dedicated Trauma Hybrid Operating Room
Authors: Loftus Tyler J. , Croft Chasen A. , Rosenthal Martin D. , Mohr Alicia M. , Efron Philip A. , Moore Frederick A. , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Smith Stephen R 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
Early hemorrhage control is essential to optimal trauma care. Hybrid operating rooms offer early, concomitant performance of advanced angiographic and operative hemostasis techniques, but their clinical impact is unclear. Herein, we present our initial experience with a dedicated, trauma hybrid operating room.

STUDY DESIGN:
This retrospective cohort analysis of 292 adult trauma patients undergoing immediate surgery at a Level I trauma center compared patients managed after implementation of a dedicated, trauma hybrid operating room (n = 186) with historic controls (n = 106). The primary outcomes were time to hemorrhage control (systolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg without ongoing vasopressor or transfusion requirements), early blood product administration, and complication.

RESULTS:
Patient characteristics were similar between cohorts (age 41 years, 25% female, 38% penetrating trauma). The hybrid cohort had lower initial hemoglobin (10.2 vs 11.1 g/dL, p = 0.001) and a greater proportion of patients undergoing resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (9% vs 1%, p = 0.007). Cohorts had similar case mixes and intraoperative consultation with cardiothoracic or vascular surgery (13%). Twenty-one percent of all hybrid cases included angiography. The interval between operating room arrival and hemorrhage control was shorter in the hybrid cohort (49 vs 60 minutes, p = 0.005). From 4 to 24 hours after arrival, the hybrid cohort had fewer red cell (0.0 vs 1.0, p = 0.001) and plasma transfusions (0.0 vs 1.0, p < 0.001). The hybrid cohort had fewer infectious complications (15% vs 27%, p = 0.009) and ventilator days (2.0 vs 3.0, p = 0.011), and similar in-hospital mortality (13% vs 10%, p = 0.579).

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of a dedicated, trauma hybrid operating room was associated with earlier hemorrhage control and fewer early blood transfusions, infectious complications, and ventilator days.
Can graphs mitigate against coronavirus-related cybercrime?
Authors: Hodler Amy 
Published: November 2020

Cyber criminals are exploiting the spread of Covid-19 in order to carry out fraud and cybercrime, pinpointing aid programmes as easy targets. With the pandemic spreading apace, funds are being issued hastily to provide service and support to local communities. Trust is being exploited by these malevolent actors. Fraud is evolving continuously and the pandemic has given cyber criminals unique opportunitiesto leverage existing attack techniques. Traditional fraud detection solutions are not powerful enough because they are built on relational databases that provide no context for the data. By comparison, graphs not only explain individual data points but also their relationships with one another. This enables even the most complex relationships to be shown in a meaningful way, explains Amy Hodler of Neo4j.
The future of 5G smart home network security is micro-segmentation
Authors: Wasicek Armin 
Published: November 2020

IDC predicts that there will be around 41.6 billion connected IoT devices in 2025, and GSMA predicts 20% of connections will be 5G by the same year. 1 In a 5G world, many IoT devices will connect directly to the network, which will bring new cyber security challenges and opportunities alike. For carriers, providing strong cyber security built into their networks will be a competitive advantage at first, and ultimately will become a must-have for all carriers. IDC predicts that there will be around 41.6 billion connected IoT devices in 2025, and GSMA predicts 20% of connections will be 5G by the same year. In a 5G world, many IoT devices will connect directly to the network, which will bring new cyber security challenges and opportunities. For carriers, providing strong cyber security built into their networks will be a competitive advantage at first, and ultimately will become a must-have for all, according to Armin Wasicek of Avast.
Making sense of self-reported practice impacts after online dementia education: the example of Bedtime to Breakfast and Beyond
Authors: Goodenough Belinda , Watts Jacqueline , Bartlett Sarah ,   the Dementia Training Australia Consortium
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectives:To satisfy requirements for continuing professional education, workforce demand for access to large-scale continuous professional education and micro-credential-style online courses is increasing. This study examined the Knowledge Translation (KT) outcomes for a short (2 h) online course about support at night for people living with dementia (Bedtime to Breakfast), delivered at a national scale by the Dementia Training Australia (DTA).Methods:A sample of the first cohort of course completers was re-contacted after 3 months to complete a KT follow-up feedback survey (n = 161). In addition to potential practice impacts in three domains (Conceptual, Instrumental, Persuasive), respondents rated the level of Perceived Improvement in Quality of Care (PIQOC), using a positively packed global rating scale.Results:Overall, 93.8% of the respondents agreed that the course had made a difference to the support they had provided for people with dementia since the completion of the course. In addition to anticipated Conceptual impacts (e.g., change in knowledge), a range of Instrumental and Persuasive impacts were also reported, including workplace guidelines development and knowledge transfer to other staff. Tally counts for discrete KT outcomes were high (median 7/10) and explained 23% of the variance in PIQOC ratings.Conclusions:Online short courses delivered at a national scale are capable of supporting a range of translation-to-practice impacts, within the constraints of retrospective insight into personal practice change. Topics around self-assessed knowledge-to-practice and the value of positively packed rating scales for increasing variance in respondent feedback are discussed.