bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐dimensional metal organic frameworks for biomedical applications
Authors: Arun Kumar Shreedevi , Balasubramaniam Bhuvaneshwari , Bhunia Sukanya , Jaiswal Manish K. , Verma Kartikey , Prateek  , Khademhosseini Ali , Gupta Raju Kumar , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) metal organic frameworks (MOFs), are an emerging class of layered nanomaterials with well‐defined structure and modular composition. The unique pore structure, high flexibility, tunability, and ability to introduce desired functionality within the structural framework, have led to potential use of MOFs in biomedical applications. This article critically reviews the application of 2D MOFs for therapeutic delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and biosensing. Further, discussion on the challenges and strategies in next generation of 2D MOFs are also included.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Graphene Aerogel Supported Fe−Co Selenide Nanocubes as Binder‐Free Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yihan , Zhou Hu , Xiao Jinghao , Yuan Aihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetal selenides as anode materials of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has received considerable attention recently. In order to boost the electronic conductivity and alleviate the volume change of electrode materials upon the cycles, a facile strategy is employed in this work, where Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanocubes are encapsulated into three‐dimensional (3D) network of graphene aerogel (GA), followed by a high‐temperature selenization treatment to isolate the composite of FeCoSe2@GA. The composite can be directly employed as free‐standing anode materials of LIBs. Studies reveal that the FeCoSe2@GA electrode demonstrates an intriguing cycle stability and rate capability with a specific capacity of ∼500 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. The outstanding lithium‐storage properties can be attributed to the 3D porous feature as well as the strong confinement effect of GA for FeCoSe2 particles, which provides a large number of ion‐exchange channels, and prevents the severe agglomeration and large volume expansion of active particles during the charge/discharge process.
Device Information
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chapter 10.1007/978-1-4842-5574-2_2 introduced us to the mechanisms that direct work to a particular device—controlling where code executes. In this chapter, we explore how to adapt to the devices that are present at runtime.
Practical Tips
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter is home to a number of pieces of useful information, practical tips, advice, and techniques that have proven useful when programming SYCL and using DPC++. None of these topics are covered exhaustively, so the intent is to raise awareness and encourage learning more as needed.
Programming for GPUs
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Over the last few decades, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have evolved from specialized hardware devices capable of drawing images on a screen to general-purpose devices capable of executing complex parallel kernels. Nowadays, nearly every computer includes a GPU alongside a traditional CPU, and many programs may be accelerated by offloading part of a parallel algorithm from the CPU to the GPU.
Programming for FPGAs
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Kernel-based programming originally became popular as a way to access GPUs. Since it has now been generalized across many types of accelerators, it is important to understand how our style of programming affects the mapping of code to an FPGA as well.
Data Management
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We supercomputer architects often lament that we need to “feed the beast.” The phrase “feed the beast” refers to the “beast” of a computer we create when we use lots of parallelism, and feeding data to it becomes a key challenge to solve.
Expressing Parallelism
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Now we can put together our first collection of puzzle pieces. We already know how to place code (Chapter 10.1007/978-1-4842-5574-2_2) and data (Chapter 10.1007/978-1-4842-5574-2_3) on a device—all we must do now is engage in the art of deciding what to do with it. To that end, we now shift to fill in a few things that we have conveniently left out or glossed over so far. This chapter marks the transition from simple teaching examples toward real-world parallel code and expands upon details of the code samples we have casually shown in prior chapters.
Buffers
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, we will learn about the buffer abstraction. We learned about Unified Shared Memory (USM), the pointer-based strategy for data management, in the previous chapter. USM forces us to think about where memory lives and what should be accessible where. The buffer abstraction is a higher-level model that hides this from the programmer. Buffers simply represent data, and it becomes the job of the runtime to manage how the data is stored and moved in memory.
Communication and Synchronization
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In Chapter 10.1007/978-1-4842-5574-2_4, we discussed ways to express parallelism, either using basic data-parallel kernels, explicit ND-range kernels, or hierarchical parallel kernels. We discussed how basic data-parallel kernels apply the same operation to every piece of data independently. We also discussed how explicit ND-range kernels and hierarchical parallel kernels divide the execution range into work-groups of work-items.
One-Dimensional Propagation
Authors: Garrett Steven L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHaving already invested in understanding both the equation of state and the hydrodynamic equations, only straightforward algebraic manipulations will be required to derive the wave equation, justify its solutions, calculate the speed of sound in fluids, and derive the expressions for acoustic intensity and the acoustic kinetic and potential energy densities of sound waves. The “machinery” developed to describe waves on strings will be sufficient to describe one-dimensional sound propagation in fluids, even though the waves on the string were transverse and the one-dimensional waves in fluids are longitudinal. These results are combined with the thermal and viscous penetration depths to calculate the frequencies and quality factors in standing wave resonators. The coupling of those resonators to loudspeakers will be examined. The introduction of reciprocal transducers that are linear, passive, and reversible will allow absolute calibration of transducers using only electrical measurements (i.e., currents and voltages) by the reciprocity method, if the acoustic impedance that couples the source and receiver is calculable. Reflection and transmission at junctions between multiple ducts and other networks will be calculated and applied to the design of filters. The behavior of waves propagating through horns will provide useful impedance matching but introduce a low-frequency cut-off.
Radiation and Scattering
Authors: Garrett Steven L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAt this point, we have made a rather extensive investigation into the sounds that excite Helmholtz resonators as well as the departures from equilibrium that propagate as plane waves through uniform or inhomogeneous media. We have not, as yet, dealt with how those sounds are actually produced in fluids. Our experience tells us that sound can be generated by vibrating objects (e.g., loudspeaker cones, stringed musical instruments, drums, bells), by modulated or unstable flows (e.g., jet engine exhaust, whistles, fog horns, speech), by electrical discharges in the atmosphere (i.e., thunder), or by optical absorption (e.g., modulated laser beams). In this chapter, we will develop the perspective and tools that will be used for the calculation of the radiation efficiency of various sources and combinations of sources, like the sound reinforcement system shown in Fig. 12.1.
Nonlinear Acoustics
Authors: Garrett Steven L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA fundamental assumption of linear acoustics is that the presence of a wave does not have an influence on the properties of the medium through which it propagates. By extension, the assumption of linearity also means that a waveform is stable since any individual wave does not interact with itself. Small modifications in the sound speed due to wave-induced fluid convection (particle velocity) and to the wave’s effect on sound speed through the equation of state can lead to effects that could not be predicted within the limitations imposed by the assumption of linearity. Although a wave’s influence on the propagation speed may be small, those effects are cumulative and create distortion that can produce shocks. These are nonlinear effects because the magnitude of the nonlinearity’s influence is related to the square of an individual wave’s amplitude (self-interaction) or the product of the amplitudes of two interacting waves (intermodulation distortion). In addition, the time-average of an acoustically induced disturbance may not be zero. Sound waves can exert forces that are sufficient to levitate solid objects against gravity. The stability of such levitation forces will also be examined along with their relation to resonance frequency shifts created by the position of the levitated object.
The Dog That Did Not Bark: Why Has Sierra Leone Not Returned to War After Peacekeepers Left?
Authors: Adebajo Adekeye 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter sets out to solve the mystery of why Sierra Leone has remained relatively stable 14 years after peacekeepers left the country in 2006, and 18 years after the end of a devastating 11-year civil war in which an estimated 70,000 people died. In doing so, Sierra Leone has defied the fate of so many fragile and conflict-prone states: it has not returned to war, as do more than half of all countries within only five years of a peace settlement. This despite myriad socio-economic challenges, of the kind that often leads to a recurrence of violence and unrest. In investigating this mystery, the chapter highlights how domestic, subregional, and external actors muddled through and improvised one of the rare peacebuilding success stories in Africa.
The Mandate of Heaven, the Rule of the Emperor: Self-Sufficiency of the Middle Kingdom
Authors: Perez-Garcia Manuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter pays special attention to the analysis of the state administrative capacity of late Ming and Qing China by exploring the reforms introduced from the late sixteenth century up to 1796 regarding tax collection. Institutional constraints will be further explored through the rooted mandarinate system and despotic rule of the emperor and officials who fostered the multiplication of institutions, mainly during the expansion to western provinces throughout the Qing dynasty
Silver, Rogues, and Trade Networks: Sangleyes and Manila Galleons Connecting the Spanish Empire and Qing China
Authors: Perez-Garcia Manuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the structure of trade in the South China Sea region through an analysis of merchant networks operating in this geographical area. Trade networks were long-distance partnerships that changed over time after the early arrival of Spanish and European missionaries to the Philippines, Macao, and Canton
Tödliches Dieulafoy-Ulkus
Authors: Hagen M. , Varchmin-Schultheiss K. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungNach einem Schlaganfall wurde ein 51 Jahre alter Mann in eine Rehaklinik verlegt. Gemäß klinischen Angaben soll sich dort eine Sepsis entwickelt haben. Aufgrund eines plötzlichen Bewusstseinsverlustes wurde der Patient umgehend in die nächstgelegene Klinik verbracht, wo er trotz umgehender Behandlung verstarb. Da die Ehefrau Vorwürfe gegen das Personal der Rehaklinik erhob, wurde eine rechtsmedizinische Obduktion in Auftrag gegeben.Im Rahmen der Obduktion fielen große Mengen flüssigen Blutes im Magen sowie im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt auf, sodass bereits autoptisch ein inneres Verbluten als Todesursache definiert wurde. Als Blutungsquelle kam ein makromorphologisch auffälliges, eröffnetes Gefäß im Magenfundus in Betracht. Die sichere Diagnose eines tödlichen Dieulafoy-Ulkus konnte jedoch erst nach histologischer Begutachtung erfolgen. Definierend für diesen Befund ist eine kaliberpersistente Arterie in der Submukosa ohne pathologische Veränderungen. Bei sicherer Diagnose kann dieser Befund einen plötzlichen Tod aus natürlicher Ursache darstellen. Da das Ulkus im gesamten gastrointestinalen Trakt vorkommen kann, ist bei relevantem Blutverlust und unklarer Blutungsquelle neben der genauen Inspektion eine histologische Aufarbeitung möglicher Blutungsquellen unerlässlich. Damit die Kriterien eines Dieulafoy-Ulkus beurteilt werden können, sollte neben einer HE(Hämatoxylin-Eosin)-Färbung mindestens eine EvG(Elastica-van-Gieson)-Färbung durchgeführt werden. Nur dann können alternative Entstehungsmöglichkeiten ausgeschlossen werden, welche aus forensischer Sicht möglicherweise hätten verhindert werden können.
Sensorimotor delays in tracking may be compensated by negative feedback control of motion-extrapolated position
Authors: Parker Maximilian G. , Weightman Andrew P. , Tyson Sarah F. , Abbott Bruce , Mansell Warren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSensorimotor delays dictate that humans act on outdated perceptual information. As a result, continuous manual tracking of an unpredictable target incurs significant response delays. However, no such delays are observed for repeating targets such as the sinusoids. Findings of this kind have led researchers to claim that the nervous system constructs predictive, probabilistic models of the world. However, a more parsimonious explanation is that visual perception of a moving target position is systematically biased by its velocity. The resultant extrapolated position could be compared with the cursor position and the difference canceled by negative feedback control, compensating sensorimotor delays. The current study tested whether a position extrapolation model fit human tracking of sinusoid (predictable) and pseudorandom (less predictable) targets better than the non-biased position control model, Twenty-eight participants tracked these targets and the two computational models were fit to the data at 60 fixed loop delay values (simulating sensorimotor delays). We observed that pseudorandom targets were tracked with a significantly greater phase delay than sinusoid targets. For sinusoid targets, the position extrapolation model simulated tracking results more accurately for loop delays longer than 120 ms, thereby confirming its ability to compensate for sensorimotor delays. However, for pseudorandom targets, this advantage arose only after 300 ms, indicating that velocity information is unlikely to be exploited in this way during the tracking of less predictable targets. We conclude that negative feedback control of position is a parsimonious model for tracking pseudorandom targets and that negative feedback control of extrapolated position is a parsimonious model for tracking sinusoidal targets.
Envisioning the Future of Mosaic Landscapes: Actor Perceptions in a Mixed Cocoa/Oil-Palm Area in Ghana
Authors: Asubonteng Kwabena O. , Ros-Tonen Mirjam A. F. , Baud Isa , Pfeffer Karin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe future and benefits of mosaic landscapes have been a source of scientific and societal concern due to increasing population growth, climate change, urbanization, and expanding agricultural commodities. There is a growing call for integrated landscape approaches in which landscape actors discuss trade-offs between different land uses with a view to reaching a negotiated decision on the allocation of land uses. Yet, the operationalization of such approaches is still in its infancy, and integrated methodologies to visualize actors’ landscape visions are still scarce. This study therefore presents a participatory spatial scenario-building methodology that uncovers local perceptions of landscape dynamics and needed actions in a mixed cocoa-oil-palm landscape in Ghana’s Eastern Region. The methodology visualizes landscape actors’ perceived plausible changes and desired future landscapes, and is designed to trigger discussions on actions needed to achieve these desired futures. Findings show that farmers and institutional actors are aware of their landscapes with future preferences coming close to actual landscape composition and spatial configuration, and that—contrary to common assumptions—only those in the oil-palm-dominated landscape who already experienced the drawbacks of increasing landscape homogenization desire a mosaic landscape. The paper concludes that the collective mapping process makes actors aware of challenges at landscape level and increases farmers’ negotiation power through active engagement in the process and visualization of their knowledge and visions. Application of the methodology requires dedicated funding, political will, and capacity to apply it as an ongoing process, as well as monitoring feedback loops.
‘Sugarcoating’ 2-deoxyglucose: mechanisms that suppress its toxic effects
Authors: Schmidt Martin C. , O’Donnell Allyson F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractYeast and cancer cells are metabolically similar as they use fermentation of glucose as a primary means of generating energy. Reliance on glucose fermentation makes both of these cell types highly sensitive to the toxic glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose. Here we review the cellular and metabolic pathways that play a role in 2-deoxyglucose sensitivity and discuss how the modifications to these pathways result in acquisition of 2-deoxyglucose resistance. Insights gained from genetic and proteomic studies in yeast provide new ideas for the design of combinatorial therapies for cancer treatment.
Learning benefits of live surgery and semi-live surgery in urology—informing the debate with results from the International Meeting of Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII
Authors: Schuettfort Victor M. , Ludwig Tim A. , Marks Phillip , Vetterlein Malte W. , Maurer Valentin , Fuehner Constantin , Janisch Florian , Soave Armin , Rink Michael , Riechardt Silke , Engel Oliver , Fisch Margit , Dahlem Roland , Meyer Christian P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the perceived learning opportunities of participants of the International Meeting on Reconstructive Urology (IMORU) VIII for both live surgery demonstrations (LSD) and semi-live surgery demonstrations (SLSD). Safety and educational efficacy of LSD and SLSD at live surgery events (LSE) have been debated extensively, however, objective data comparing learning benefits are missing.

Methods
We conducted a detailed survey, which employed the Kirkpatrick model, a well-established assessment method of training models, to investigate participants preferences as well as the learning benefit of LSE. Furthermore, we employed an audience response system and the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS), a well-established assessment method of surgery skills, to let our participants rate the perceived learning opportunity of LSD and SLSD.

Results
Of 229 participants at the IMORU VIII, 39.7% returned our questionnaires. 90% stated that they prefer LSD. On all levels of Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model, the IMORU received high ratings, suggesting a high learning benefit. For the assessment of OSATS, a total of 23 surgical cases were evaluable. For all six utilized items, LSD scored significantly better ratings than SLSD.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that there is still a rationale for LSD, as participants attributed a statistically significant higher learning benefit to LSD over SLDS. Evaluation of the survey showed that for LSE such as the IMORU VIII, a high learning benefit can be expected. Considering that most of our participants are active surgeons with high caseloads, their opinion on the educational value of LSE is of high relevance.
A spider in motion: facets of sensory guidance
Authors: Barth Friedrich G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpiders show a broad range of motions in addition to walking and running with their eight coordinated legs taking them towards their resources and away from danger. The usefulness of all these motions depends on the ability to control and adjust them to changing environmental conditions. A remarkable wealth of sensory receptors guarantees the necessary guidance. Many facets of such guidance have emerged from neuroethological research on the wandering spiderCupiennius saleiand its allies, although sensori-motor control was not the main focus of this work. The present review may serve as a springboard for future studies aiming towards a more complete understanding of the spider’s control of its different types of motion. Among the topics shortly addressed are the involvement of lyriform slit sensilla in path integration, muscle reflexes in the walking legs, the monitoring of joint movement, the neuromuscular control of body raising, the generation of vibratory courtship signals, the sensory guidance of the jump to flying prey and the triggering of spiderling dispersal behavior. Finally, the interaction of sensors on different legs in oriented turning behavior and that of the sensory systems for substrate vibration and medium flow are addressed.
Optimal Polynomial Prediction Measures and Extremal Polynomial Growth
Authors: Bos L. , Levenberg N. , Ortega-Cerdà J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe show that the problem of finding the measure supported on a compact set $$K\subset \mathbb {C}$$

K
⊂
C

such that the variance of the least squares predictor by polynomials of degree at most n at a point $$z_0\in \mathbb {C}^d\backslash K$$

z
0

∈

C

d

\
K

is a minimum is equivalent to the problem of finding the polynomial of degree at most n, bounded by 1 on K, with extremal growth at $$z_0.$$

z
0

.

We use this to find the polynomials of extremal growth for $$[-1,1]\subset \mathbb {C}$$

[
-
1
,
1
]
⊂
C

at a purely imaginary point. The related problem on the extremal growth of real polynomials was studied by Erdős (Bull Am Math Soc 53:1169–1176, 1947).