bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of neurokinin‐1 receptor by immunohistochemistry in canine mammary gland tumours
Authors: Song Duri , Oh Ye‐In , Kim Jeong‐Mi , Cheon Doo‐Sung , Kim Dae‐Yong , Seo Kyoung‐Won 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCanine mammary gland tumour (cMGT) is the most common tumour in intact female dogs. Surgery is the only effective treatment for cMGT, and dogs with metastasis at the time of diagnosis or those diagnosed at an advanced stage have poorer prognosis. Thus, novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are needed. Neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1 receptor) is involved in cancer progression and has been detected in various malignant tumours including breast cancer in humans. Furthermore, NK‐1 receptor antagonists inhibit cancer progression. We evaluated NK‐1 receptor expression in malignant and benign cMGT compared with that in normal mammary gland tissues and analysed the relationship between the expression of NK‐1 receptor and histopathological type or malignancy grade. Specimens from 34 malignant MGT and 35 benign MGT cases were used for immunohistochemistry and scored according to intensity and percentage. Healthy margins from each tumour were used as internal controls. The scores for NK‐1 receptor intensity, percentage of positive cells and overall immunohistochemistry were higher in malignant MGT than in benign MGT and normal tissue (p < .000). NK‐1 receptor expression was not correlated with either malignancy grade or histopathological type. Expression of the NK‐1 receptor in malignant MGT was higher than that in benign MGT and normal tissues. Thus, NK‐1 receptor could be considered a novel therapeutic target for cMGT. Further studies using other quantitative tests such as western blotting or PCR and the evaluation of substance P in patient tumour tissue or serum are needed.
Analyzing the effect of organic carbon on partial nitrification‐anammox process based on metagenomics and quorum sensing
Authors: Xing Lizhen , Liu Minglei , Zhang Yanhao , Zhang Weikang , Wang Zifan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effects of adding organic carbon on the performance of different partial nitrification‐anammox (PNA) process (the activated sludge process and biofilm process) were studied, especially nitrogen removal, functional microbial activity, and microbial community structure. The potential influences of quorum sensing (QS) on the nitrogen metabolism were also analyzed. The results showed that the addition of organic carbon in biofilm systems could reduce total nitrogen (TN) removal percentages, while in activated systems it could increase TN removal percentages. The TN removal percentages in SBBR‐CN (the biofilm system with addition of organic carbon) and SBR‐CN (the activated sludge system with addition of organic carbon) were 15% and 45%, respectively, and those in SBBR‐N (the biofilm system without addition of organic carbon) and SBR‐N (the activated sludge system without addition of organic carbon) were 75% and 21%, respectively. Batch experiments have proved that organic carbon inhibited the activities of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria, and organic carbon could promote the activity of denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge systems. Compared with activated sludge systems, biofilm systems could protect the activity of anammox bacteria. The relative abundances of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria were decreased, while the relative abundances of denitrifying bacteria (Thauera) were increased with the addition of organic carbon. The biofilm systems were more conducive to the growth of anammox bacteria. Metagenomics revealed that the same bacteria might be involved in different nitrogen metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism was achieved through the complex cooperation among functional bacteria. Besides, functional bacteria involving in the nitrogen metabolism had genes related to QS, indicating that QS might affect the nitrogen metabolism by regulating the functional bacteria activity.Practitioner points

PNA was achieved through SBBR and complete nitrification was achieved through SBR under the low ammonia nitrogen concentration condition.

The effect of organic carbon on biofilm and activated sludge PNA process was different under the low ammonia nitrogen concentration condition.

QS and QQ may affect the nitrogen removal performance by regulating the expression of nitrogen metabolism‐related genes.
Generalized symmetries and holography in ABJM-type theories
Authors: Bergman Oren , Tachikawa Yuji , Zafrir Gabi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We revisit the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories and their supergravity duals in the context of generalized symmetries. This allows us to finally clarify how the SU(N ) × SU(N ) and (SU(N ) × SU(N ))/ℤN theories, as well as other quotient theories that have recently been discussed, fit into the holographic framework. It also resolves a long standing puzzle regarding the di-baryon operator in the U(N ) × U(N ) theory.
The effects of neutrophil-generated hypochlorous acid and other hypohalous acids on host and pathogens
Authors: Ulfig Agnes , Leichert Lars I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeutrophils are predominant immune cells that protect the human body against infections by deploying sophisticated antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis of bacteria and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill exogenous pathogens before we focus on one particular weapon in their arsenal: the generation of the oxidizing hypohalous acids HOCl, HOBr and HOSCN during the so-called oxidative burst by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. We look at the effects of these hypohalous acids on biological systems in general and proteins in particular and turn our attention to bacterial strategies to survive HOCl stress. HOCl is a strong inducer of protein aggregation, which bacteria can counteract by chaperone-like holdases that bind unfolding proteins without the need for energy in the form of ATP. These chaperones are activated by HOCl through thiol oxidation (Hsp33) or N-chlorination of basic amino acid side-chains (RidA and CnoX) and contribute to bacterial survival during HOCl stress. However, neutrophil-generated hypohalous acids also affect the host system. Recent studies have shown that plasma proteins act not only as sinks for HOCl, but get actively transformed into modulators of the cellular immune response through N-chlorination. N-chlorinated serum albumin can prevent aggregation of proteins, stimulate immune cells, and act as a pro-survival factor for immune cells in the presence of cytotoxic antigens. Finally, we take a look at the emerging role of HOCl as a potential signaling molecule, particularly its role in neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
Bone marrow concentrate injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis: evidence from preclinical findings to the clinical application
Authors: Cavallo Carola , Boffa Angelo , Andriolo Luca , Silva Simone , Grigolo Brunella , Zaffagnini Stefano , Filardo Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the available literature on the use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and summarize the current evidence supporting its potential for the injective treatment of joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted on three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) in April 2020, using the following string: “((bone marrow concentrate) OR (BMC) OR (bone marrow aspirate concentrate) OR (BMAC)) AND (osteoarthritis)”, and inclusion criteria: clinical and preclinical (animal) studies of any level of evidence, written in English language, and evaluating the intra-articular or subchondral use of BMAC for the injective treatment of OA joints.

Results
The publication trend remarkably increased over time. A total of 22 studies were included in the qualitative data synthesis: four preclinical studies and 18 clinical studies, for a total number of 4626 patients. Safety was documented by all studies, with a low number of adverse events. An overall improvement in pain and function was documented in most of the studies, but the clinical studies present significant heterogeneity, few patients, short-term follow-up, and overall poor methodology.

Conclusion
There is a growing interest in the field of BMAC injections for the treatment of OA, with promising results in preclinical and clinical studies in terms of safety and effectiveness. Nevertheless, the current knowledge is still preliminary. Preclinical research is still needed to optimize BMAC use, as well as high-level large controlled trials to better understand the real potential of BMAC injections for the treatment of patients affected by OA.
Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Child–Pugh A Patients With and Without Portal Hypertension: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Casellas‐Robert Margarida , Lim Chetana , Lopez‐Ben Santiago , Lladó Laura , Salloum Chady , Codina‐Font Jaume , Comas‐Cufí Marc , Ramos Emilio , Figueras Joan , Azoulay Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic liver resection (LLR) may improve outcomes for cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal hypertension (PHT). The aim of this study was to compare the short‐term outcomes after LLR for HCC in cirrhotic patients with and without PHT.MethodsThis multicentric study included 96 HCC patients who underwent LLR. Clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) was defined by a hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥10 mmHg. Short‐term outcomes and liver‐specific complications including post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), ascites and encephalopathy were compared between patients with and without CSPH.ResultsThirty‐one patients (32%) had CSPH. The CSPH group had higher post‐operative morbidity (52% vs. 15%; p < 0.001), PHLF (10% vs. 0%; p = 0.03) and encephalopathy (10% vs. 0%; p = 0.03). There was no difference in terms of post‐operative ascites between the two groups (CSPH: 16% vs. no CPSH: 8%, p = 0.28). The length of stay was longer in patients with CSPH than in those without CSPH (6 vs. 4 days; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe laparoscopic approach is feasible in selected HCC patients with CSPH, at the price of significant increases in liver‐specific complications and length of stay.
Modified Frailty Index is Useful in Predicting Non‐home Discharge in Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer Who Undergo Gastrectomy
Authors: Osaki Tomohiro , Saito Hiroaki , Shimizu Shota , Murakami Yuki , Miyatani Kozo , Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Tatebe Shigeru , Ikeguchi Masahide , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of laparoscopic gastrectomy and the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol enable early discharge to home of patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, a significant proportion of patients are still discharged to inpatient facilities after surgery. We aimed to identify predictive factors of non‐home discharge in patients with GC who undergo gastrectomy.MethodsWe enrolled 517 patients with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of GC who underwent gastrectomy.ResultsThe number of patients with non‐home discharge was 23 (4.4%), and non‐home discharge was only observed in patients with GC aged ≥65 years. Patients were divided into the mFIHigh (≥0.272) and mFILow (<0.272) groups according to the cut‐off value determined by ROC analysis. The mFIHigh classification was significantly more frequent in patients aged ≥75 years, who underwent either total or proximal partial gastrectomy, who underwent limited lymph node dissection, and with non‐home discharge than in patients aged <75 years (p = 0.0002), those who underwent distal partial gastrectomy (p = 0.032), those who underwent standard lymph node dissection (p = 0.036), and those without non‐home discharge (p = 0.0071). Multivariate analysis revealed mFI as an independent predictive indicator of non‐home discharge, along with postoperative complications and surgical approach, in patients with GC aged ≥65 years. The frequency of patients with non‐home discharge was significantly associated with the number of these three predictive factors in GC patients aged ≥65 years (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe combination of mFI, postoperative complications, and surgical approach is useful for predicting non‐home discharge in patients aged ≥65 years who underwent gastrectomy for GC.
A scan for genes associated with cancer mortality and longevity in pedigree dog breeds
Authors: Doherty Aoife , Lopes Inês , Ford Christopher T. , Monaco Gianni , Guest Patrick , de Magalhães João Pedro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelective breeding of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) rigidly retains desirable features, and could inadvertently fix disease-causing variants within a breed. We combine phenotypic data from > 72,000 dogs with a large genotypic dataset to search for genes associated with cancer mortality and longevity in pedigree dog breeds. We validated previous findings that breeds with higher average body weight have higher cancer mortality rates and lower life expectancy. We identified a significant positive correlation between life span and cancer mortality residuals corrected for body weight, implying that long-lived breeds die more frequently from cancer compared to short-lived breeds. We replicated a number of known genetic associations with body weight (IGF1, GHR, CD36, SMAD2 and IGF2BP2). Subsequently, we identified five genetic variants in known cancer-related genes (located within SIPA1, ADCY7 and ARNT2) that could be associated with cancer mortality residuals corrected for confounding factors. One putative genetic variant was marginally significantly associated with longevity residuals that had been corrected for the effects of body weight; this genetic variant is located within PRDX1, a peroxiredoxin that belongs to an emerging class of pro-longevity associated genes. This research should be considered as an exploratory analysis to uncover associations between genes and longevity/cancer mortality.
Significant reduction of physical activity in patients with neuromuscular disease during COVID-19 pandemic: the long-term consequences of quarantine
Authors: Di Stefano Vincenzo , Battaglia Giuseppe , Giustino Valerio , Gagliardo Andrea , D’Aleo Michele , Giannini Ottavio , Palma Antonio , Brighina Filippo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Quarantine was the measure taken by governments to control the rapid spread of COVID-19. This restriction resulted in a sudden change in people’s lifestyle, leading to an increase in sedentary behavior and a related decrease in the practice of physical activity (PA). However, in neuromuscular diseases patients need to perform regular PA to counteract the negative consequences of the disease. Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate the levels of PA, measured as energy expenditure (MET–minute/week), among patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) before and during the last week of quarantine.

Methods
A total of 268 Italian subjects, living in Sicily, completed an adapted version of the IPAQ-SF. Participants comprised 149 NMD, enrolled at the Neuromuscular Clinic of Palermo and 119 healthy subjects (control group). The SF-12 questionnaire was also administered to NMD. The Mann–Whitney U and the Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum tests were used for statistical analyses.

Results
We observed a significant decrease of the total weekly PA level during COVID-19 quarantine in both patients and controls. Moreover, a significant difference in the total weekly PA level was found depending on the presence of neuromuscular disease, impaired walking, gender and BMI. Finally, we found a correlation between SF-12 scores and the entity of the reduction of PA level during quarantine, thus confirming a relevant association with the quality of life in NMD.

Conclusion
Our study confirmed that COVID-19 quarantine has affected the practice of PA among both NMD and healthy controls.
Deep learning for glioblastoma segmentation using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging identifies volumetric features associated with survival
Authors: Wan Yizhou , Rahmat Roushanak , Price Stephen J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Measurement of volumetric features is challenging in glioblastoma. We investigate whether volumetric features derived from preoperative MRI using a convolutional neural network–assisted segmentation is correlated with survival.

Methods
Preoperative MRI of 120 patients were scored using Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images (VASARI) features. We trained and tested a multilayer, multi-scale convolutional neural network on multimodal brain tumour segmentation challenge (BRATS) data, prior to testing on our dataset. The automated labels were manually edited to generate ground truth segmentations. Network performance for our data and BRATS data was compared. Multivariable Cox regression analysis corrected for multiple testing using the false discovery rate was performed to correlate clinical and imaging variables with overall survival.

Results
Median Dice coefficients in our sample were (1) whole tumour 0.94 (IQR, 0.82–0.98) compared to 0.91 (IQR, 0.83–0.94 p = 0.012), (2) FLAIR region 0.84 (IQR, 0.63–0.95) compared to 0.81 (IQR, 0.69–0.8 p = 0.170), (3) contrast-enhancing region 0.91 (IQR, 0.74–0.98) compared to 0.83 (IQR, 0.78–0.89 p = 0.003) and (4) necrosis region were 0.82 (IQR, 0.47–0.97) compared to 0.67 (IQR, 0.42–0.81 p = 0.005). Contrast-enhancing region/tumour core ratio (HR 4.73 [95% CI, 1.67–13.40], corrected p = 0.017) and necrotic core/tumour core ratio (HR 8.13 [95% CI, 2.06–32.12], corrected p = 0.011) were independently associated with overall survival.

Conclusion
Semi-automated segmentation of glioblastoma using a convolutional neural network trained on independent data is robust when applied to routine clinical data. The segmented volumes have prognostic significance.
Angular changes in implants placed in the anterior maxillae of adults: a cephalometric pilot study
Authors: Feher Balazs , Gruber Reinhard , Gahleitner Andre , Celar Ales , Necsea Philipp Luciano , Ulm Christian , Kuchler Ulrike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesCompletion of adolescent growth represents the earliest time point for implant placement, yet craniofacial growth persists into adulthood and may affect implant position. We aimed to assess whether implants placed in the anterior maxillae of adults show angular changes over time.Material and methodsWe conducted a cephalometric pilot study in postpubertal patients with no growth disorders, skeletal malformations, or parafunctions. The patients received a single implant in the anterior maxilla and no orthodontic or orthognathic treatment afterwards. We measured angular changes of implants and central incisors on cephalograms taken immediately and after at least 5 years postoperatively with the Sella-Nasion line (SNL) and the nasal line (NL) as references. Changes in implant-SNL angles were the primary outcome.ResultsIn 21 patients (30.2 ± 11.5 years at surgery) after a mean follow-up of 8.6 ± 1.3 years, implant-SNL angles and implant-NL angles changed in 81% and 57% of implants, respectively. Implant-SNL changes ranged from 3° counterclockwise to 4° clockwise and were more prevalent in males (100% vs. 58%) and patients under 30 at surgery (85% vs. 63%); mean absolute differences were larger in males (1.8 ± 1.0° vs. 1.3 ± 1.4°) and patients under 30 at surgery (1.5 ± 1.4° vs. 1.1 ± 1.4°). Incisor-SNL angles and incisor-NL angles changed in 89% and 32% of incisors, respectively.ConclusionsImplants placed in the anterior maxillae of adults show modest angular changes over time.Clinical relevanceChanges in implant angles have potential functional and esthetic consequences.
A Learning-Based Approach to Synthesizing Invariants for Incomplete Verification Engines
Authors: Neider Daniel , Madhusudan P. , Saha Shambwaditya , Garg Pranav , Park Daejun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a framework for synthesizing inductive invariants for incomplete verification engines, which soundly reduce logical problems in undecidable theories to decidable theories. Our framework is based on the counterexample guided inductive synthesis principle and allows verification engines to communicate non-provability information to guide invariant synthesis. We show precisely how the verification engine can compute such non-provability information and how to build effective learning algorithms when invariants are expressed as Boolean combinations of a fixed set of predicates. Moreover, we evaluate our framework in two verification settings, one in which verification engines need to handle quantified formulas and one in which verification engines have to reason about heap properties expressed in an expressive but undecidable separation logic. Our experiments show that our invariant synthesis framework based on non-provability information can both effectively synthesize inductive invariants and adequately strengthen contracts across a large suite of programs. This work is an extended version of a conference paper titled “Invariant Synthesis for Incomplete Verification Engines”.
Violations of coalescing in parametric utility measurement
Authors: Glöckner Andreas , Renerte Baiba , Schmidt Ulrich 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe majority consensus in the empirical literature is that probability weighting functions are typically inverse-S shaped, that is, people tend to overweight small and underweight large probabilities. A separate stream of literature has reported event-splitting effects (also called violations of coalescing) and shown that they can explain violations of expected utility. This leads to the questions whether (1) the observed shape of weighting functions is a mere consequence of the coalesced presentation and, more generally, whether (2) preference elicitation should rely on presenting lotteries in a canonical split form instead of the commonly used coalesced form. We analyze data from a binary choice experiment where all lottery pairs are presented in both split and coalesced forms. Our results show that the presentation in a split form leads to a better fit of expected utility theory and to probability weighting functions that are closer to linear. We thus provide some evidence that the extent of probability weighting is not an ingrained feature, but rather a result of processing difficulties.