bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation Augments Spike Sequence Replay and Memory Consolidation during Slow-Wave Sleep
Authors: Wei Yina , Krishnan Giri P. , Marshall Lisa , Martinetz Thomas , Bazhenov Maxim 
Published: December 2019

Newly acquired memory traces are spontaneously reactivated during slow-wave sleep (SWS), leading to the consolidation of recent memories. Empirical studies found that sensory stimulation during SWS can selectively enhance memory consolidation with the effect depending on the phase of stimulation. In this new study, we aimed to understand the mechanisms behind the role of sensory stimulation on memory consolidation using computational models implementing effects of neuromodulators to simulate transitions between awake and SWS sleep, and synaptic plasticity to allow the change of synaptic connections due to the training in awake or replay during sleep. We found that when closed-loop stimulation was applied during the Down states of sleep slow oscillation, particularly right before the transition from Down to Up state, it significantly affected the spatiotemporal pattern of the slow waves and maximized memory replay. In contrast, when the stimulation was presented during the Up states, it did not have a significant impact on the slow waves or memory performance after sleep. For multiple memories trained in awake, presenting stimulation cues associated with specific memory trace could selectively augment replay and enhance consolidation of that memory and interfere with consolidation of the others (particularly weak) memories. Our study proposes a synaptic-level mechanism of how memory consolidation is affected by sensory stimulation during sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStimulation, such as training-associated cues or auditory stimulation, during sleep can augment consolidation of the newly encoded memories. In this study, we used a computational model of the thalamocortical system to describe the mechanisms behind the role of stimulation in memory consolidation during slow-wave sleep. Our study suggests that stimulation preferentially strengthens memory traces when delivered at a specific phase of the slow oscillation, just before the Down to Up state transition when it makes the largest impact on the spatiotemporal pattern of sleep slow waves. In the presence of multiple memories, presenting sensory cues during sleep could selectively strengthen selected memories. Our study proposes a synaptic-level mechanism of how memory consolidation is affected by sensory stimulation during sleep.
Top-Down Feedback Controls the Cortical Representation of Illusory Contours in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Pak Alexandr , Ryu Esther , Li Claudia , Chubykin Alexander A. 
Published: December 2019

Visual systems have evolved to recognize and extract features from complex scenes using limited sensory information. Contour perception is essential to this process and can occur despite breaks in the continuity of neighboring features. Such robustness of the animal visual system to degraded or occluded shapes may also give rise to an interesting phenomenon of optical illusions. These illusions provide a great opportunity to decipher neural computations underlying contour integration and object detection. Kanizsa illusory contours have been shown to evoke responses in the early visual cortex despite the lack of direct receptive field activation. Recurrent processing between visual areas has been proposed to be involved in this process. However, it is unclear whether higher visual areas directly contribute to the generation of illusory responses in the early visual cortex. Using behavior,in vivoelectrophysiology, and optogenetics, we first show that the primary visual cortex (V1) of male mice responds to Kanizsa illusory contours. Responses to Kanizsa illusions emerge later than the responses to the contrast-defined real contours in V1. Second, we demonstrate that illusory responses are orientation-selective. Finally, we show that top-down feedback controls the neural correlates of illusory contour perception in V1. Our results suggest that higher-order visual areas may fill in the missing information in the early visual cortex necessary for illusory contour perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPerception of the Kanizsa illusory contours is impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, and Williams syndrome. However, the mechanism of the illusory contour perception is poorly understood. Here we describe the behavioral and neural correlates of Kanizsa illusory contours perception in mice, a genetically tractable model system. We show that top-down feedback controls the neural responses to Kanizsa illusion in V1. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the neural correlates of the Kanizsa illusion in mice and the first causal demonstration of their regulation by top-down feedback.
Influence of climate warming on the strength characteristics of ice in the Ob Bay
Authors: Andreev O. M. , Drabenko D. V. , Vinogradov R. A. , Orlova E. U. 
Published: December 2019

The article presents results of investigation of the climate warming effects in the northern polar region of the Earth, in particular on some characteristics of ice in the northern part of the Ob Bay (the area of the most active economic activity of the Russian Federation in the last decade). It is determined that over the past 40 years, morphometric and strength characteristics of ice have significantly changed. Estimates of ice thickness obtained using simple empirical formulas (depending on the sum of the degree-days of frost) show that the ice thickness decreased here by an average of 10 15%. The strength characteristics of ice were analyzed for two periods: the maximum strength of ice (for this area it is March) and the maximum development of ice thickness (usually it is May). It was found that the strength properties of ice (bending and compression) for both periods decreased by 10-12%. Thus, in recent decades, under the influence of climate warming in the Ob Bay, the thickness and strength of the ice cover have significantly decreased. This circumstance will be favorable for further development of the considered water area by Russian oil and gas companies.
Simulation of snow accumulation and melting in the Kama river basin using data from global prognostic models
Authors: Pyankov S. V. , Shikhov A. N. , Mikhaylyukova P. G. 
Published: December 2019

Currently, the improvement of numerical models of weather forecasting allows using them for hydrological problems, including calculations of snow water equivalent (SWE) or snow storage. In this paper, we discuss the applicability of daily precipitation forecasts for three global atmospheric models: GFS (USA), GEM (Canada) and PL-AV (Russia) for calculating snow storage (SWE) in the Kama river basin for the cold season of 2017–2018. As the main components of the balance of snow storages the following parameters were taken into account: precipitation (with regard for the phase); snow melting during thaws; evaporation from the surface of the snow cover; interception of solid precipitation by forest vegetation. The calculation of snow accumulation and melting was based on empirical methods and performed with the GIS technologies. The degree-day factor was used to calculate snowmelt intensity, and snow sublimation was estimated by P.P. Kuz’min formula. The accuracy of numerical precipitation forecasts was estimated by comparing the results with the data of 101 weather stations. Materials of 40 field and 27 forest snow-measuring routes were taken into account to assess the reliability of the calculation of snow storages (SWE). During the snowmelt period, the part of the snow-covered area of the basin was also calculated using satellite images of Terra/Aqua MODIS on the basis of the NDFSI index. The most important result is that under conditions of 2017/18 the mean square error of calculating the maximum snow storage by the GFS, GEM and PL-AB models was less than 25% of its measured values. It is difficult to determine which model provides the maximum accuracy of the snow storage calculation since each one has individual limitations. According to the PL-AV model, the mean square error of snow storage calculation was minimal, but there was a significant underestimation of snow accumulation in the mountainous part of the basin. According to the GEM model, snow storages were overestimated by 10–25%. When calculating with use of the GFS model data, a lot of local maximums and minimums are detected in the field of snow storages, which are not confirmed by the data of weather stations. The main sources of uncertainty in the calculation are possible systematic errors in the numerical forecasts of precipitation, as well as the empirical coefficients used in the calculation of the intensity of snowmelt and evaporation from the snow cover surface.
Hacia el perfeccionamiento institucional de los cuerpos académicos en la Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
Authors: Dimas Rangel María Isabel , Torres Bugdud Arturo , Castillo Elizondo Jaime Arturo 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 29 de agosto de 2012 • Corregido 22 de octubre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012El presente artículo aborda un tema de crucial importancia para las instituciones de Educación Superior. En particular, en México, el trabajo colegiado de los académicos es una problemática no resuelta, a pesar de los esfuerzos que se han realizado en este sentido. Por estas razones, es imprescindible una reflexión sistemática y fundamentada sobre las potencialidades de los cuerpos académicos para el fortalecimiento de la planta docente y su consiguiente repercusión en la calidad educativa. Este artículo expone los resultados finales producto de un trabajo de investigación realizado en la FIME, que tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los cuerpos académicos en esta Facultad, de modo que se constate el estado actual y la prospectiva de los citados órganos.
Educación sexual: Orientadores y orientadoras desde el modelo biográfico y profesional
Authors: Fallas Vargas Manuel Arturo , Artavia Aguilar Cindy , Gamboa Jiménez Alejandra 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 15 de marzo de 2012 • Corregido 21 de octubre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012 El presente documento plantea la necesidad de que la sociedad contemporánea posea mayores y mejores conocimientos sobre sexualidad, con miras a una vivencia efectiva de esta dentro de un marco de respeto a la biografía sexual del ser humano y fundamentados en la ética relacional. Para ello se apuesta por una educación sexual integral, democrática, tolerante y abierta, dentro de los procesos educativos a lo largo de todas las etapas evolutivas del ser humano. Uno de los sectores profesionales llamados a desarrollar este tipo de educación es el colectivo de orientadores y orientadoras. Para dicha acción, requieren conocer cuáles fueron los modelos o formas de abordaje con los que se educaron y que han marcado su hacer en dicha temática. Esto permitirá que la persona profesional en orientación se dé a la tarea de evaluar, fortalecer o aprender nuevas competencias en el campo personal, actitudinal, conceptual y en cuanto a la visión sobre la diversidad de las personas con quienes trabaja; así como en el campo procedimental, las estrategias y técnicas de intervención orientadora en sexualidad, que incidan en su labor profesional.
SOME QUESTION ABOUT THE CUISINE OF GALICIAN ARYSTOCRATES. MENU’S OF THE LUBOMIRSKI PRINCELY FAMILY (1907–1912)
Authors: Lylo Ihor 
Published: December 2019

Cuisine remains one of the most critical elements of every nation’s self-identification. "We are what we eat" – the famous saying of the Greek ancient physician and doctor Hippocrates. Its sentence gives an understanding of why even gastronomic practices had a critical case on the territories of Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet Russia. Destroy national identity in all its forms. Intimidate the population and subdue their will through the famine. That was one of the aiming tasks of the totalitarian system.
Galician cuisine, which is the object of our study, has many differences in each social groups. Every of it’s had peculiarities under the influence of certain circumstances, took and gave something unique. The cuisine of the Galician aristocrats from the end of 19th and the first half of 20th centuries remains the least known for the Ukrainian’s today. We analyzed the peculiarities of their gastronomic preferences through the documents of the archive of the Polish princely family of Lubomirski.
We used anthropological, historical, and cultural methods during the study. For the first time, we introduced to scientific circulation new materials related to the lives of Andrzej and Eleonor Lubomirski in 1907–1912. Studying this issue will help to improve our knowledge of the gastronomic practices of Galician aristocrats and to learn more about their social environment, political situation. Better understand the changes that took place in Galicia before the First Great War.
Contextual Factors Influencing Implementation of Evidence-Based Care for Children Hospitalized With Asthma
Authors: Nkoy Flory L. , Wilkins Victoria L. , Fassl Bernhard A. , Johnson Joseph M. , Uchida Derek A. , Poll Justin B. , Greene Tom H. , Koopmeiners Karmella J. , Reynolds Carolyn C. , Valentine Karen J. , Savitz Lucy A. , Maloney Christopher G. , Stone Bryan L. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The translation of research findings into routine care remains slow and challenging. We previously reported successful implementation of an asthma evidence-based care process model (EB-CPM) at 8 (1 tertiary care and 7 community) hospitals, leading to a high health care provider (HCP) adherence with the EB-CPM and improved outcomes. In this study, we explore contextual factors perceived by HCPs to facilitate successful EB-CPM implementation.

METHODS:
Structured and open-ended questions were used to survey HCPs (n = 260) including physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists, about contextual factors perceived to facilitate EB-CPM implementation. Quantitative analysis was used to identify significant factors (correlation coefficient ≥0.5; P ≤ .05) and qualitative analysis to assess additional facilitators.

RESULTS:
Factors perceived by HCPs to facilitate EB-CPM implementation were related to (1) inner setting (leadership support, adequate resources, communication and/or collaboration, culture, and previous experience with guideline implementation), (2) intervention characteristics (relevant and applicable to the HCP’s practice), (3) individuals (HCPs) targeted (agreement with the EB-CPM and knowledge of supporting evidence), and (4) implementation process (participation of HCPs in implementation activities, teamwork, implementation team with a mix of expertise and professional’s input, and data feedback). Additional facilitators included (1) having appropriate preparation and (2) providing education and training.

CONCLUSIONS:
Multiple factors were associated with successful EB-CPM implementation and may be used by others as a guide to facilitate implementation and dissemination of evidence-based interventions for pediatric asthma and other chronic diseases in the hospital setting.
Pyloric Stenosis: National Trends in the Incidence Rate and Resource Use in the United States From 2012 to 2016
Authors: Donda Keyur , Asare-Afriyie Barbara , Ayensu Marian , Sharma Mayank , Amponsah Jason K. , Bhatt Parth , Hesse Matilda Adobea , Dapaah-Siakwan Fredrick 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in infants; however, national-level data on incidence rate and resource use are lacking. We aimed to examine the national trends in hospitalizations for IHPS and resource use in its management in the United States from 2012 to 2016.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective serial cross-sectional study using data from the National Inpatient Sample, the largest health care database in the United States. We included infants aged ≤1 year assigned an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, or International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code for IHPS who underwent pyloromyotomy or pyloroplasty. We examined the temporal trends in the incidence rate (cases per 1000 live births) according to sex, insurance status, geographic region, and race. We examined resource use using length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs. Linear regression was used for trend analysis.

RESULTS:
Between 2012 and 2016, there were 32 450 cases of IHPS and 20 808 149 live births (incidence rate of 1.56 per 1000). Characteristics of the study population were 82.7% male, 53% white, and 63.3% on Medicaid, and a majority were born in large (64%), urban teaching hospitals (90%). The incidence of IHPS varied with race, sex, socioeconomic status, and geographic region. In multivariable regression analysis, the incidence rate of IHPS decreased from 1.76 to 1.57 per 1000 (adjusted odds ratio 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.92–0.93). The median cost of care was $6078.30, whereas the median LOS was 2 days, and these remained stable during the period.

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence rate of IHPS decreased significantly between 2012 and 2016, whereas LOS and hospital costs remained stable. The reasons for the decline in the IHPS incidence rate may be multifactorial.
National Instant Criminal Background Check and Youth Gun Carrying
Authors: Timsina Lava R. , Qiao Nan , Mongalo Alejandro C. , Vetor Ashley N. , Carroll Aaron E. , Bell Teresa M. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:
Despite being unable to purchase firearms directly, many adolescents have access to guns, leading to increased risk of injury and death. We sought to determine if the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) changed adolescents’ gun-carrying behavior.

METHODS:
We performed a repeated cross-sectional study using National Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from years 1993 to 2017. We used a survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression model to determine if the NICS had an effect on adolescent gun carrying, controlling for state respondent characteristics, state laws, state characteristics, the interaction between the NICS and state gun laws, and time.

RESULTS:
On average, 5.8% of the cohort reported carrying a gun. Approximately 17% of respondents who carried guns were from states with a universal background check (U/BC) provision at the point of sale, whereas 83% were from states that did not have such laws (P &lt; .001). The model indicated that the NICS together with U/BCs significantly reduced gun carrying by 25% (adjusted relative risk = 0.75 [95% confidence interval: 0.566–0.995]; P = .046), whereas the NICS independently did not (P = .516).

CONCLUSIONS:
Adolescents in states that require U/BCs on all prospective gun buyers are less likely to carry guns compared with those in states that only require background checks on sales through federally licensed firearms dealers. The NICS was only effective in reducing adolescent gun carrying in the presence of state laws requiring U/BCs on all prospective gun buyers. However, state U/BC laws had no effect on adolescent gun carrying until after the NICS was implemented.
Attentional bias in Internet users with problematic use of social networking sites
Authors: Nikolaidou Maria , Fraser Danaë Stanton , Hinvest Neal 
Published: December 2019

Background and aims
Evidence from the field of addictive disorders suggests that attentional bias for stimuli related to a substance or activity of abuse (e.g., gambling) exacerbates the addictive behavior. However, evidence regarding attentional bias in PIU is sparse. This study aims to investigate whether individuals who express problematic tendencies toward social networking sites (SNS), a subtype of PIU, show attentional bias for stimuli associated with social media.

Methods
Sixty-five participants performed Visual Dot-Probe and Pleasantness Rating Tasks containing SNS-related and matched control images during eye movements were recorded, providing a direct measure of attention. Participants were assessed on their levels of SNS Internet use (ranging from problematic to non-problematic) and their levels of urges to be online (high vs. low).

Results
Problematic SNS users and, in particular, a subgroup expressing higher levels of urges to be online showed an attentional bias for SNS-related images compared to control images.

Conclusion
These results suggest that attentional bias is a common mechanism associated with problematic Internet use as well as other addictive disorders.
A magyarországi emlő- és méhnyakszűrés retrospektív vizsgálatának jellemzői a halálozási és megbetegedési adatok tükrében
Authors: Sárváry Attila , Bálint Pál Csaba , Gyulai Anikó , Kósa Zsigmond 
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The organized breast and cervical screening programs were implemented in the framework of public health program in Hungary in order to reduce breast cancer mortality by 30% and cervical cancer mortality by 60% in given age groups within 10 years by 2012. Aim: The aim of our study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of mortality and morbidity data and to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented screening programs. Method: Descriptive statistical analysis was performed by age-standardized mortality and morbidity data between 1980 and 2015 with special regard to the period of 2002–2012. Results: Breast cancer mortality of women aged 45–64 reduced by 28.3%, the incidence reduced by 23.6% and the incidence of in situ carcinoma increased by 242% between 2002 and 2012. Cervical cancer mortality of women aged 25–64 years reduced by 25.5%, the incidence reduced by 21.2%, and the incidence of in situ carcinoma increased by 13.3% during 2002–2012. Conclusion: Although both breast cancer and cervical cancer mortality substantially decreased in Hungary, the decrease in cervical cancer did not reach the target value. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(49): 1948–1956.
Znaczenie kursu walutowego i ryzyka kursowego dla eksporterów wyrobów przemysłu przetwórczego w świetle badań ankietowych IBRKK
Authors: Marczewski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To conduct an analysis of the determinants of the impact of the exchange rate level and its volatility on the exporter’s decisions regarding the size of exports and scale and forms of their hedging against exchange rate risk.Research Design & Methods: The analysis is based on the results of surveys of Polish exporters from the manufacturing industry carried out at the Institute of Market, Consumption and Business Cycles Research in 2007–2016. These results are considered in the context of theoretical findings from a simple microeconomic optimization model.Findings: The analysis of survey results shows that almost half of Polish exporters remain sensitive to exchange rate movements, while not, at the same time, hedging their foreign currency exposure either on the forward market or by means of natural hedging. The other half of exporters protect themselves mainly with natural methods. Due to the observed heterogeneity of the exporters population, econometric studies generally do not show exchange rate fluctuations to have a significant effect on exports.Implications / Recommendations: The low demand for hedging is related both to the structural features of enterprises (small-sized firms or firms with a low share of export in sales), but also to the relatively high export profitability experienced by most firms in recent years. Among companies who hedge, a significant shore use various forms of contractual natural hedging, exploiting for this purpose, as a hedging shield, import inputs, settlements of exports in PLN or payments for domestic purchases of materials settled in a foreign currency.Contribution: Referring to results of multi-year surveys, the article shows the complexity of the determinants impacting the exchange rate and its volatility on reactions of Polish exporters of manufacturing goods.