bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramic-on-metal bearing in short stem total hip arthroplasty: ions, functional and radiographic evaluation at mid-term follow-up
Authors: Saracco Michela , Maccauro Giulio , Urbani Andrea , Ciavardelli Domenico , Persichilli Silvia , Ancillai Giulio , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Calvisi Vittorio , Logroscino Giandomenico 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical, radiographic and laboratory results of ceramic-on-metal (CoM) (hybrid hard bearing) in total hip arthroplasty (THA), associated with a short stem implant. Methods: From a cohort of 37 patients suffering from primary or secondary hip osteoarthritis who underwent THA using CoM bearing, 19 were suitable for this study. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon using a posterior-lateral approach. All patients were compared clinically using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analogue scale (VAS), 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF12F/M), and radiographically (offset, CD angle, limb length discrepancy, cup inclination and anteversion, subsidence, osseointegration, heterotopic ossification). Blood samples were collected in order to evaluate chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) ions level. Radiographic evaluations were carried out by 3 different blinded surgeons. A statistical analysis was performed. Results: At a mean follow-up of 97 (73–125) months all implanted stems were well-positioned and osseointegrated. Clear improvements were observed for clinical scores comparing preoperative and postoperative values. Radiographic evaluation showed a good ability to restore proper articular geometry. Cr ion analysis revealed values below the safety threshold except for 1 case. Serum levels of Co were below the threshold in all patients. There was a statistically significant correlation only between Cr metal ions and length of follow-up. Conclusions: CoM bearing has proven to be reliable and safe at a mean 8-year follow-up for patients in whom the components were correctly implanted. The rise of blood metal ions was minimal and involved neither systemic or local toxicity nor influenced clinical results.
The management of Vancouver B1 and C periprosthetic fractures: radiographic and clinic outcomes of a monocentric consecutive series
Authors: Ciriello Vincenzo , Chiarpenello Roberto , Tomarchio Alessandro , Marra Francesco , Egidio Antonio Carmine , Piovani Lucio 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Periprosthetic fractures (PFs) are a main complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA), with rising incidence. The optimal treatment of PFs is still being debated in the literature. Historically, high failure and reoperation rates are reported, although the introduction of locking plates has led to improved results. In this study we report clinical and radiographic outcomes of a consecutive series of Vancouver B1 and C fractures, treated with a novel type of locking plate. We also aim to identify the variables associated with healing time. Methods: Between June 2013 and May 2019, 47 patients were consecutively admitted to the Emergency Department of our Hospital with a diagnosis of PF around a well-fixed THA stem. 31 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. All patients underwent osteosynthesis with a novel type of plate (“Ironlady” Intrauma, Rivoli, Italy) through a distally extended posterolateral approach. All surgical procedures were performed with the aim of reducing the rigidity of the fixation construct and preserving periosteal vitality. Demographic data, type of fracture, type of stem and its fixation, surgical details, and clinical and radiographical outcomes were recorded. Each variable was investigated to assess its relationship with fracture healing and healing time. Results: 31 patients were included in the study. 4 patients died before the minimum follow-up of 6 months and were excluded from the series. The final sample consisted of 27 patients. Their median age at operation was 84.8 years (range 65.3–95.4 years); 21 were female. The median follow-up after surgery was 2.36 years (range 6 months–4.7 years). In the cohort there were 22 type Vancouver B1 fractures (81.5%) and 5 type C (18.5%). All fractures occurred postoperatively (no acute intraoperative fractures). Fracture union was achieved in 26 patients (96.3%). The following variables were found to be associated with increased healing time: Vancouver type of fracture, pattern of Vancouver B1 fracture type, age and male gender. Conclusions: On the base of our results, the management of Vancouver B1 and C type of PFs by locking plate osteosynthesis appears to be a safe and effective procedure. To enhance healing and reduce complication rate, accurate surgical technique is required, aiming to implement the proximal fixation, avoid stress rising, reduce rigidity of the osteosynthesis construct and preserve the plate-to-bone gap.
Multifocal visual evoked potential evaluation for diagnosis of acute optic neuritis and for prediction of visual outcome and ganglion cell layer thinning following optic neuritis
Authors: Pihl-Jensen Gorm , Wanscher Benedikte , Frederiksen Jette Lautrup 
Published: December 2020

Background:: While damage to the optic nerve following optic neuritis (ON) is readily quantifiable, the evaluation of prognosis for visual function and neuroaxonal loss in the acute ON is challenging. Objective:: The objective of this study is to investigate the value of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in acute ON, diagnostically for acute ON and prognostically for visual outcome and subsequent ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thickness (GCLIPLt). Methods:: A prospective cohort study of mfVEP and full-field visual evoked potential (ffVEP) in acute, unilateral ON (onset < 31 days) was conducted. Comparisons with healthy controls ( n = 30) and association analysis with follow-up optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements (of the GCLIPLt) and visual function (Sloan low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA)) were conducted. Results:: Seventy-nine ON patients were included (mean: 17 days from onset). Excluding measurements with conduction block, ffVEP ( n = 54) and mfVEP ( n = 44) showed sensitivities of 89% and 84% to a specificity of 97%. 65/79 patients were re-examined (mean: 200 days follow-up). mfVEP amplitude and latency inter-eye asymmetry in acute ON correlated with GCLIPLt ( r = 0.587 and Spearman’s ρ = 0.597, for both, p < 0.001). mfVEP amplitude correlated with LCVA inter-eye asymmetry at follow-up ( r = 0.421, p < 0.001), mfVEP latency did not. Conclusion: mfVEP may support the prognostic evaluation of acute ON patients and prove valuable in future neuroprotective and remyelinating trials. In acute ON, the increase in diagnostic value of mfVEP to ffVEP may be limited due to widespread conduction block.
What’s in a Realist Configuration? Deciding Which Causal Configurations to Use, How, and Why
Authors: De Weger E. , Van Vooren N. J. E. , Wong G. , Dalkin S. , Marchal B. , Drewes H. W. , Baan C. A. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Realist studies represent an increasingly popular approach for exploring complex interventions’ successes and failures. The theory-driven approach seeks to explain “what works, how, why, in which contexts, for whom, and to what extent” using context–mechanism–outcome (CMO) configurations. When the approach was first developed, CMO configurations were the method for expressing causal explanations. Increasingly, realist studies have been conducted using different variations of the heuristic such as strategy–context–mechanism–outcome (SCMO) configurations or intervention–context–actor–mechanism–outcome (ICAMO) configurations. Researchers have highlighted a lack of methodological guidance regarding which additional explanatory factors can be included in configurations (e.g., strategies, interventions, actors). This article aims to clarify and further develop the concept of configurations by discussing how explanatory factors could be robustly added to the original CMO configuration as put forward by Pawson and Tilley. Comparing the use of different types of configurations: We draw on two of our own studies, one which formulated CMO configurations and one which formulated SCMO configurations, and on an evidence scan of realist studies. We explored the effects these different configurations had on studies’ findings and highlight why researchers chose CMOs or SCMOs. Finally, we provide recommendations regarding the use of configurations. These are as follows: Using additional explanatory factors is possible but consider the research scope to select the configuration appropriate for the study; Be transparent about the choice in configuration and include examples of configurations; Further studies about the use of additional explanatory factors are needed to better understand the effects on each step in the realist evaluation cycle; and New ways of disseminating realist findings are needed to balance transparency regarding the use of configurations. Conclusions: Adding explanatory factors is possible and can be insightful depending on the study’s scope and aims; however, any configuration type must adhere to the rule of generative causation.
‘A cry in the dark’: a qualitative exploration of living with cluster headache
Authors: Andre Laura , Cavers Debbie 
Published: December 2020

Context: Cluster headache is a rare primary headache disorder said to be one of the most painful conditions in existence. Limited evidence demonstrates cluster headache patients have difficulties securing a diagnosis and poor access to services. There is a gap in research around psychosocial needs, meaning there are no evidence-based guidelines to inform optimal management of this patient group in primary care. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of cluster headache patients in the United Kingdom in order to suggest ways their care can be improved. Methods: It is an in-depth qualitative study involving telephone interviews with 15 participants with either chronic or episodic cluster headache. Semi-structured interviews (43–58 minutes) were conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers conducted thematic analysis to identify themes. Results: Participants described the impact cluster headache has on their quality of life. They also felt the legitimacy of their disorder was questioned. This situation was often exacerbated by a reported lack of awareness among General Practitioners (GPs), which negatively impacted their care in terms of diagnosis and access to treatments and specialists. They attempted to control the pain through treatments and avoiding triggers, often with detrimental consequences for their social contact and mental health. Conclusion: Findings indicate the need to improve the lived experience of cluster headache patients in two key areas: (1) raising awareness of the disorder and its impact among GPs, and (2) extending care beyond clinical treatment provision, supporting patients in self-management and addressing its psychosocial impact, with implications for the management of this group in primary care.
Urgent hyperbaric oxygen therapy for suicidal carbon monoxide poisoning: from a preliminary survey to a proposal for an integrated somatic-psychiatric protocol
Authors: Costanza Alessandra , Ambrosetti Julia , Spagnoli Philippe , Amerio Andrea , Aguglia Andrea , Serafini Gianluca , Amore Mario , Bondolfi Guido , Sarasin François , Pignel Rodrigue 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA considerable number of patients who made a carbon monoxide (CO) suicidal attempt are treated with urgent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). For these patients at potential persistent risk of suicide, the hyperbaric chamber is a dangerous environment and their management a complex challenge for the Emergency Department (ED) and Hyperbaric Medicine Unit (UMH) teams. We aimed to (1) identify cases of intentional CO poisoning treated with urgent HBOT in the UMH of the University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG) during 2011–2018 and (2) test a proposed operational and integrated somatic-psychiatric protocol based on acquired experience. A total of 311 patients with CO poisoning were treated using urgent HBOT, for which poisoning was assumed suicidal in 40 patients (12.9%). This percentage appears greater than in other European countries. Both the excess of cases of intentional CO poisonings and difficulties encountered in their management resulted in the implementation of an operational and integrated somatic-psychiatric protocol addressing the entire patient’s clinical trajectory, from the admission at ED-HUG to the treatment at the UMH-HUG. The established institutional protocol includes (1) clinical evaluation, (2) suicide risk assessment, and (3) safety measures. This is the first report—at our best knowledge—of a protocol detailing a practical procedure algorithm and focusing on multidisciplinary and mutual collaboration between the medical-nursing teams at the ED, psychiatric ED, and UMH. Improvements in patient’s safety and care team’s sense of security were observed. In conclusion, the opportunity to refer to a standardized protocol was beneficial in that it offers both reduced risks for suicidal patients and reduced stress for care teams operating in very acute and complex situations. Further studies are needed.
Identification of a quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with ammonia tolerance in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Zeng Digang , Yang Chunling , Li Qiangyong , Zhu Weilin , Chen Xiuli , Peng Min , Chen Xiaohan , Lin Yong , Wang Huanling , Liu Hong , Liang Jingzhen , Liu Qingyun , Zhao Yongzhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmmonia is one of the most common toxicological environment factors affecting shrimp health. Although ammonia tolerance in shrimp is closely related to successful industrial production, few genetic studies of this trait are available.ResultsIn this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). The constructed genetic map contained 17,338 polymorphic markers spanning 44 linkage groups, with a total distance of 6360.12 centimorgans (cM) and an average distance of 0.37 cM. Using this genetic map, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that explained 7.41–8.46% of the phenotypic variance inL. vannameisurvival time under acute ammonia stress. We then sequenced the transcriptomes of the most ammonia-tolerant and the most ammonia-sensitive individuals from each of four genetically distinctL. vannameifamilies. We found that 7546 genes were differentially expressed between the ammonia-tolerant and ammonia-sensitive individuals. Using QTL analysis and the transcriptomes, we identified one candidate gene (annotated as an ATP synthase g subunit) associated with ammonia tolerance.ConclusionsIn this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map ofL. vannameiand identified a QTL for ammonia tolerance. By combining QTL and transcriptome analyses, we identified a candidate gene associated with ammonia tolerance. Our work provides the basis for future genetic studies focused on molecular marker-assisted selective breeding.
Comparison of factor XII levels in gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia, and healthy pregnancies
Authors: Ozbasli Esra , Takmaz Ozguc , Karabuk Emine , Gungor Mete 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIf not detected and treated, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can cause serious pregnancy complications such as macrosomia, preeclampsia, and fetal/neonatal mortality. Many studies have examined underlying contributing factors for GDM, including hypercoagulation. Factor XII (FXII) is a coagulation factor that increases throughout normal pregnancies, and we evaluated the relationship of GDM with FXII, FXIIa (activated FXII), and other coagulation parameter levels. GDM and macrosomia are closely related, but it is not known whether FXII could be an independent causal factor for macrosomia.MethodsIn this prospective study, blood samples were taken from 69 pregnant women at the time of term delivery to determine levels of FXII, FXIIa, and other coagulation parameters. Based on the results, pregnancies fell into GDM, non-diabetic with macrosomia (M), or healthy (C [control]).ResultsFXII concentration levels were significantly higher in GDM patients compared with the M and C groups. There were no significant differences when comparing FXIIa, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio. The GDM group saw a significant negative correlation between FXII concentrations and maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) and BMI before delivery. In the M group, a positive correlation was observed between FXII concentrations and newborn weight and newborn weight percentile.ConclusionsAn increase in FXII levels was observed in patients with gestational diabetes. Associations between coagulation parameters and GDM should be further analyzed to define the mechanisms of GDM and possible treatment modalities.Trial registrationOur study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03583216). Registered on July 11, 2018,
Distinct nucleotide patterns among three subgenomes of bread wheat and their potential origins during domestication after allopolyploidization
Authors: Zhao Yan , Dong Luhao , Jiang Conghui , Wang Xueqiang , Xie Jianyin , Rashid Muhammad Abdul Rehman , Liu Yanhe , Li Mengyao , Bu Zhimu , Wang Hongwei , Ma Xin , Sun Silong , Wang Xiaoqian , Bo Cunyao , Zhou Tingting , Kong Lingrang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The speciation and fast global domestication of bread wheat have made a great impact on three subgenomes of bread wheat. DNA base composition is an essential genome feature, which follows the individual-strand base equality rule and [AT]-increase pattern at the genome, chromosome, and polymorphic site levels among thousands of species. Systematic analyses on base compositions of bread wheat and its wild progenitors could facilitate further understanding of the evolutionary pattern of genome/subgenome-wide base composition of allopolyploid species and its potential causes.

Results
Genome/subgenome-wide base-composition patterns were investigated by using the data of polymorphic site in 93 accessions from worldwide populations of bread wheat, its diploid and tetraploid progenitors, and their corresponding reference genome sequences. Individual-strand base equality rule and [AT]-increase pattern remain in recently formed hexaploid species bread wheat at the genome, subgenome, chromosome, and polymorphic site levels. However, D subgenome showed the fastest [AT]-increase across polymorphic site from Aegilops tauschii to bread wheat than that on A and B subgenomes from wild emmer to bread wheat. The fastest [AT]-increase could be detected almost all chromosome windows on D subgenome, suggesting different mechanisms between D and other two subgenomes. Interestingly, the [AT]-increase is mainly contributed by intergenic regions at non-selective sweeps, especially the fastest [AT]-increase of D subgenome. Further transition frequency and sequence context analysis indicated that three subgenomes shared same mutation type, but D subgenome owns the highest mutation rate on high-frequency mutation type. The highest mutation rate on D subgenome was further confirmed by using a bread-wheat-private SNP set. The exploration of loci/genes related to the [AT] value of D subgenome suggests the fastest [AT]-increase of D subgenome could be involved in DNA repair systems distributed on three subgenomes of bread wheat.

Conclusions
The highest mutation rate is detected on D subgenome of bread wheat during domestication after allopolyploidization, leading to the fastest [AT]-increase pattern of D subgenome. The phenomenon may come from the joint action of multiple repair systems inherited from its wild progenitors.
“Having more women humanitarian leaders will help transform the humanitarian system”: challenges and opportunities for women leaders in conflict and humanitarian health
Authors: Patel Preeti , Meagher Kristen , El Achi Nassim , Ekzayez Abdulkarim , Sullivan Richard , Bowsher Gemma 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated that over 40% of the half a million humanitarian workers who provide frontline care during emergencies, wars and disasters, are women. Women are at the forefront of improving health for conflict-affected populations through service delivery, education and capacity strengthening, advocacy and research. Women are also disproportionately affected by conflict and humanitarian emergencies. The growing evidence base demonstrating excess female morbidity and mortality reflects the necessity of evaluating the role of women in leadership driving health research, policy and programmatic interventions in conflict-related humanitarian contexts. Despite global commitments to improving gender equality, the issue of women leaders in conflict and humanitarian health has been given little or no attention. The aim of this paper focuses on three domains: importance, barriers and opportunities for women leaders in conflict and humanitarian health. Following thematic analysis of the material collected, we discuss the following themes: barriers of women’s leadership domain at societal level, and organisational level, which is subcategorized into culture and strategy. Building on the available opportunities and initiatives and on inspirational experiences of the limited number of women leaders in this field, recommendations for empowering and supporting women’s leadership in conflict health are presented.MethodsA desk-based literature review of academic and grey sources was conducted followed by thematic analysis.ResultsThere is very limited evidence on women leaders in conflict and humanitarian health. Some data shows that women have leadership skills that help to support more inclusive solutions which are incredibly important in this sector. However, deeply imbedded discrimination against women at the organisational, cultural, social, financial and political levels is exacerbated in conflict which makes it more challenging for women to progress in such settings.ConclusionAdvocating for women leaders in conflict and health in the humanitarian sector, governmental bodies, academia and the global health community is crucial to increasing effective interventions that adequately address the complexity and diversity of humanitarian crises.