bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R(r)elações I(i)nternacionais, Realismo e Análise da Política Externa (APE): contextualizando a invenção da APE
Authors: Mendes Pedro Emanuel 
Published: May 2020

Este artigo faz uma contextualização do nascimento da Análise da Política Externa (APE). Apresenta uma análise historiográfica da invenção APE e da sua relação com os anos formativos da disciplina das Relações Internacionais (RI). O seu objetivo é o de iluminar a relação entre a história e a teoria da origem da APE como campo de estudo autónomo. O artigo está organizado em três partes. Em primeiro, identifica as origens europeias e norte-americanas do estudo da Política Externa e a sua ligação com as policy sciences. Em segundo, relaciona o surgimento do Realismo com o estudo tradicional da política externa e sintetiza as principais críticas teórico-metodológica introduzidas pela APE. Finalmente, apresenta uma análise dos principais marcos e inovações teóricas das abordagens que inventaram APE e propõe um modelo de análise sociocultural da política externa dos Estados. O artigo defende dois argumentos. Primeiro, a invenção da APE inscreve-se num contexto histórico e académico de protesto contra a visão tradicional de pensar e investigar a política externa. Segundo, é necessário assumir a interligação entre contextos históricos e contextos científicos na evolução teórica das RI e da APE.
Long-term outcomes of repaired and unrepaired truncus arteriosus: 20-year, single-center experience in Thailand
Authors: Dangrungroj Ekkachai , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Chanthong Prakul , Chungsomprasong Paweena , Kanjanauthai Supaluck , Durongpisitkul Kritvikrom , Soongswang Jarupim , Tantiwongkosri Kriangkrai , Subtaweesin Thaworn , Sriyoschati Somchai 
Published: May 2020

Background
Truncus arteriosus (TA) is a complex congenital heart disease that carries morbidities in the first year of life. Previous authors have reported an operative mortality of 50%. In this report, we aim to report on the survival of patients with TA in our medical center in the recent era.

Methods
A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with TA in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand from August 1995 to March 2018 was performed. Patients with single ventricle, hemiTA were excluded. The characteristics and outcomes of repaired and unrepaired TA patients with a known recent functional status in 2018 were reviewed. Operative mortality risks were analyzed using a multivariate model.

Results
A total of 74 patients (median age at referral: 70 days) were included in the cohort. One-third of the patients had associated anomalies including DiGeorge syndrome (13.5%). Anatomical repair was not performed in 22 patients (29.7%). The median age at time of repair for the 52 patients was 133 days (range: 22 days to 16.7 years). Complex TA was 10%. Early mortality occurred in 16 patients (30.8%). Five patients (9.6%) had late deaths at 0.3–1.2 years. Significant mortality risk was weight at time of operation <4 kg (HR 3.05, 95% CI [1.05–8.74], p-value 0.041). Of the 31 operation survivors, 17 required re-intervention within 0.4–11.4 years. Eight patients had reoperation at 8.7 years (range: 2.7–14.6 years) post-repair. Freedom from reoperation was 93%, 70.4%, and 31%, at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. All late survivors were in functional class I–II. Of the 22 unrepaired TA patients, 11 patients (50%) died (median age: 13.6 years; range: 14 days–32.8 years). Survival of unrepaired TA patients was 68.2%, 68.2%, and 56.8, at 5, 10, and 15 years of age, respectively. At the end of study, 11 survivors of TA with palliative treatment had a recent mean oxygen saturation value of 84.1 ± 4.8% and a mean weight for height of 81.4 ± 12.7%, which were significantly lower than those of 31 late-survivors who had undergone anatomical repair.

Conclusion
Contemporary survival rates of patients with TA following operation in the center has been gradually improved over time. Most of the operative mortality occurs in the early postoperative period. Compared to patients with TA who had palliative treatment, operative survivors have a better functional status even though they carry a risk for re-intervention.
Synthesis of Thietanes from Saturated Three‐membered Heterocycles
Authors: Xu Jiaxi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThietanes are important structural motifs of some biological compounds and useful intermediates in organic synthesis. Various synthetic methods of thietanes have been developed recently with readily available saturated three‐membered heterocycles as starting materials or key intermediates. Both saturated three membered heterocycle‐2‐methyl halides and sulfonates and thiiranes are widely utilized materials. Both nucleophilic and electrophilic ring expansions of thiiranes are efficient methods for synthesis of thietanes. In this Focus Review, we have described various strategies for the synthesis of strained four‐membered thiaheterocyclic thietanes from readily available strained and saturated three‐membered heterocycles.
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Modulates Motor Epileptic Activity in Humans
Authors: Ren Liankun , Yu Tao , Wang Di , Wang Xueyuan , Ni Duanyu , Zhang Guojun , Bartolomei Fabrice , Wang Yuping , Li Yongjie 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivePharmaco‐refractory focal motor epileptic seizures pose a significant challenge. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a recently recognized therapeutic option for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. To identify the specific target for focal motor seizures, we evaluate the modulatory effects of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation because of the critical role of STN in cortico‐subcortical motor processing.MethodsSeven patients with epilepsy with refractory seizures who underwent chronic stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) monitoring were studied in presurgical evaluation. Seizure onset zone was hypothesized to be partially involved in the motor areas in 6 patients. For each patient, one electrode was temporally implanted into the STN that was ipsilateral to the seizure onset zone. The cortical–subcortical seizure propagation was systemically evaluated. The simultaneously electrophysiological responses over distributed cortical areas to STN stimulation at varied frequencies were quantitatively assessed.ResultsWe observed the consistent downstream propagation of seizures from the motor cortex toward the ipsilateral STN and remarkable cortical responses on motor cortex to single‐pulse STN stimulation. Furthermore, we showed frequency‐dependent upstream modulatory effect of STN stimulation on motor cortex specifically. In contrast to the enhanced effects of low frequency stimulation, high‐frequency stimulation of the STN can significantly reduce interictal spikes, high‐frequency oscillations over motor cortex disclosing effective connections to the STN.InterpretationThis result showed that the STN is not only engaged in as a propagation network of focal motor seizures but STN stimulation can profoundly modulate the epileptic activity of motor cortex in humans, suggesting a mechanism‐based alternative for patients suffering from refractory focal motor seizures.ANN NEUROL 2020;88:283–296.
Ergänzung von Pyridin‐2,6‐bisoxazolin mit einem cyclometallierten N‐heterocyclischen Carben für die asymmetrische Ru‐Katalyse
Authors: Li Long , Han Feng , Nie Xin , Hong Yubiao , Ivlev Sergei , Meggers Eric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEine Strategie zur Erweiterung der breiten Verwendung chiraler Pyridin‐2,6‐bis(oxazolin)‐Liganden (Pybox‐Liganden) in der asymmetrischen Übergangsmetallkatalyse wird durch Zugabe eines maßgeschneiderten zweizähnigen Liganden erreicht, der sowohl die elektronischen Eigenschaften am Metallzentrum moduliert als auch die asymmetrische Induktion beeinflusst. Konkret wird ein Ruthenium(II)‐Pybox‐Fragment mit einem cyclometallierten N‐heterocyclischen Carben (NHC) kombiniert, um Katalysatoren für die enantioselektive Nitrenoidchemie zu erzeugen, einschließlich der Ringkontraktion zu chiralen 2H‐Azirinen (bis zu 97 % ee mit 2000 TON) und enantioselektiver C(sp3)‐H‐Aminierungen (bis zu 97 % ee mit 50 TON)
Development and growth of the craniocervical junction with special reference to topographical relationship between the occipital basion, the anterior arch of atlas, and the odontoid process of axis: A study using human fetuses
Authors: Ishii Michitake , Cho Kwang Ho , Kitamura Kei , Yamamoto Masahito , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco , Abe Shin‐Ichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe embryonic occipital bone and odontoid process of the axis are attached and connected by the notochord, but become separated in later development and growth. With special attention to the process of separation, we examined sagittal sections of the craniocervical junction in 18 human fetuses at 8–16 weeks and 22 fetuses at 31–37 weeks. At 8–9 weeks, the anterior arch of atlas was always seen overriding the occipital basal part. The odontoid process was close to the occipital with or without a transient joint cavity until 16 weeks. Near term, the top of the odontoid process was usually higher than the anterior arch, but the former was sometimes (7 of 22) at a level almost equal to or lower than the latter. The apical ligament was evident in a few specimens (5 of 22). A distance between the occipital basion and odontoid process was sometimes less than 1.5 mm (8 of 22) or less than half the thickness of the arch (10 of 22). A transient joint cavity between the basion and odontoid process was often (10 of 22). In three fetuses near term, the atlanto‐occipital joint cavity was continuous with the median atlanto‐axial joint cavity, and the anterior arch was overriding the occipital basal part. Therefore, rather than stage or age, individual differences were evident in the topographical relationship between the three bony elements at the craniocervical junction. An understanding of the embryology and normal development will aid in the correct interpretation of radiologic images of the pediatric cervical spine.
The effect of E93 knockdown on female reproduction in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Eid Duaa Musleh , Chereddy Shankar C. R. R. , Palli Subba Reddy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe E93 transcription factor is a member of helix‐turn‐helix transcription factor family containing a Pip‐squeak motif. This ecdysone primary response gene was identified as a regulator of cell death in Drosophila melanogaster where it is involved in ecdysone‐induced autophagy and caspase activity that mediate degeneration of larval tissues during metamorphosis from larva to pupa. However, its function in adult insects is not well studied. To study E93 function in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting E93 (dsE93) was injected into newly emerged adults. Knockdown of E93 caused a decrease in the synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg), oocyte development, and egg‐laying. Sequencing of RNA isolated from adults injected with dsE93 and control dsmalE (dsRNA targeting Escherichia coli malE gene) followed by differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of genes involved in the metabolism of reserved nutrients. E93 knockdown induced changes in gene expression resulted in a decrease in Vg synthesis in the fat body and oocyte maturation in ovaries. Mating experiments showed that females injected with dsE93 did not lay eggs. Knockdown of E93 caused a reduction in the number and size of lipid droplets in the fat body when compared with that in control beetles injected with dsmalE. These data suggest that during the first 2–3 days after the emergence of adult females, E93 suppresses genes coding for enzymes that metabolize reserved nutrients until initiation of vitellogenesis and oogenesis.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Boron β‐Ketoiminate Dyes Forming a Linear Donor‐π‐Acceptor Structure
Authors: Sakura Yuki , Yumioka Fumina , Funaki Takashi , Ono Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganoboron complexes are of interest as chromophores for dye sensitizers owing to their light‐harvesting and carrier‐transporting properties. In this study, compounds containing boron β‐ketoiminate (BKI) as a chromophore were synthesized and used as dye sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells. The new dyes were orange or red crystals and showed maximum absorptions in the 410–450 nm wavelength region on titanium dioxide substrates. These electrodes exhibited maximum efficiencies of over 80% in incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency spectra, suggesting that the continuous process of light absorption‐excitation‐electron injection was effectively performed. Open‐circuit photovoltages were relatively high owing to the large dipole moments of the BKI dyes with a linear molecular structure. Thus, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 5.3% was successfully observed. Comparison of BKI dyes with boron β‐diketonate dyes revealed certain differences in solution stability, spectral properties, and photovoltaic characteristics.
Diesel Soot Combustion over Mn2O3 Catalysts with Different Morphologies: Elucidating the Role of Active Oxygen Species in Soot Combustion
Authors: Kuwahara Yasutaka , Kato Genki , Fujibayashi Akihiro , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCatalytic diesel soot combustion was examined using a series of Mn2O3 catalysts with different morphologies, including plate, prism, hollow spheres and powders. The plate‐shaped Mn2O3 (Mn2O3‐plate) exhibited superior carbon soot combustion activity compared to the prism‐shaped, hollow‐structured and powdery Mn2O3 under both tight and loose contact modes at soot combustion temperatures (T50) of 327 °C and 457 °C, respectively. Comprehensive characterization studies using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed reduction and oxygen release measurements, revealed that the improved activity of Mn2O3‐plate was mainly attributed to the high oxygen release rate of surface‐adsorbed active oxygen species, which originated from oxygen vacancy sites introduced during the catalyst preparation, rather than specific surface‐exposed planes. The study provides new insights for the design and synthesis of efficient oxidation catalysts for carbon soot combustion as well as for other oxidation reactions of harmful hydrocarbon compounds.
The effect of imperfect memory recall on risk preferences
Authors: Muda Rafał , Niszczota Paweł , Augustynowicz Paweł 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeople often take on different levels of risk when deciding on future actions compared with when they take actions with immediate consequences. The presently reported research investigated how imperfect recall of previously chosen options influences temporal fluctuations in risk preferences. In two incentivized studies with a waiting time before decision resolution (a 4‐week waiting period from an initial decision), we observed that errors in the recall of previous choices played a substantial role in constructing risk preferences for choices that are usually resolved after a delay. More specifically, in a first study, we found that after a waiting period (i.e., after participants waited for their risky choices to be resolved), participants perceived that they took less risk during their initial choices than they actually did. Importantly, when asked about whether they would change their initial choices, participants declared that they would take riskier choices. In a second study, we tested directly whether such a shift in initial choices could also be demonstrated behaviorally. Results revealed that after beliefs about past choices were induced, participants changed their risk preferences in line with the information presented during belief induction.
On learning‐based approaches in power electronics engineering curriculum: A high switching inchworm motor drive case study
Authors: Shome Saikat Kumar , Jana Sandip , Bhattacharjee Partha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn industrial electronics domain, power electronics students should have an optimum hardware competence. This study presents the application of computer‐aided design and experimental hands‐on exposure for efficient teaching of power electronics engineering curriculum. Application design of the proposed research centers around effective model of high switching frequency driver circuit for a capacitive piezoelectric inchworm motor based on learning techniques. The sample space comprise 50 undergraduate students, divided into two equal groups, Group A and Group B. Outcome validations testify the pivotal role of the designed course for the optimized piezoelectric driver hardware circuit design with near equivalent characteristics as obtained in simulation model. An evaluation survey was carried out to find if there is a change in attitude of students toward power electronics and allied subjects after attending the program. At the end of the course, opinion of the students were recorded and it was found that the attitude of the students who took the course differed significantly. The differentiation was in favor of the group having undertaken the course with a 91.5% positive response.
The role of surgical intervention for isolated breast cancer liver metastasis: Results of case‐control study with comparison to medical treatment
Authors: Wen Jiahuai , Ye Feng , Xie Fengfeng , Liu Dan , Huang LeZhen , Fang Chen , Zhong Shaowen , Ren Liping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCombined with systemic therapy, the surgical intervention for breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) is increasingly accepted but lacks convincing evidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease control efficacy of hepatic surgery in isolated BCLM patients.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2017, metastatic breast cancer patients with isolated liver metastasis and regular follow‐up were identified. Cohort design was conducted to compare the progression‐free survival (PFS) between the surgical and nonsurgical BCLM patients. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses were performed to identify significant prognostic factors.ResultIn all, 148 isolated BCLM patients were enrolled and 95 participants received hepatic surgery for metastatic lesions. With median follow‐up of 36.47 months, there was no significant difference between hepatic surgical group and nonsurgical group for PFS (median PFS: 11.17 months vs 10.10 m, P = .092). Based on the multivariate analysis, the disease‐free interval (DFI) was an independent prognostic factor for isolated BCLM patients. Among the surgical group, BCLM patients who had ideal response after first salvage systemic treatment experienced the best long‐term survival (median PFS: 14.20 months).ConclusionFor isolated BCLM patients with ideal response in first‐line medical treatment, surgical intervention (hepatectomy, radiofrequency ablation) combining with systemic treatment could bring improved progression‐free survival compared to sole systemic treatment, indicating that hepatic surgery may be considered as a therapeutic choice for selected isolated BCLM patients in clinical practice.
Social recognition matters: Consequences for school participation and life satisfaction among immigrant students
Authors: Sirlopú David , Renger Daniela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParticipation in society is instrumental for democracy and of special importance for minority members. Despite broad research in the context of adults' participation, the earlier formative years and the participation of students in school activities have been neglected so far. The present research examined antecedents and consequences of Latin American migrant students' participation in school activities in Chile. More specifically, we tested whether three forms of social recognition experiences (i.e., need‐based care, equality‐based respect and achievement‐based social esteem) received from Chilean society predicted different forms of school participation. Heightened school participation was assumed to further translate into satisfaction with life. Results of a study with immigrant students (N = 393; 12–20 years old; 56.7% female) revealed, that experiences of social esteem predicted an overall positive perception of school participation and this effect further translated into heightened life satisfaction. Moreover, experiences of respect were associated with participation in school decisions and rules and with participation in school events. The latter effect further translated into enhanced life satisfaction. Care did not play a role in predicting school participation when the other forms of recognition were controlled for. We discuss the importance of social recognition experiences and implications for interventions within educational systems.
Tuning Cobalt‐Free Nickel‐Rich Layered LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Rui , Zhao Zhikun , Fu Jiale , Lv Haijian , Li Chunli , Wu Borong , Mu Daobin , Wu Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs the demand for high‐energy‐density batteries becomes more and more urgent, cathode materials of high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries have received widespread attention. LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 (NCM) ternary materials with high nickel and low cobalt content as well as a high cut‐off voltage are continually pursued. Here, a nickel‐rich cobalt‐free cathode material, LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2, was synthesized by using a co‐precipitation method to achieve a stable structure and excellent electrochemical performance. It shows a discharge specific capacity of 190 mAhg−1 in the first cycle at a rate of 0.2 C, and a capacity retention of 93 % over 150 cycles at 2.7–4.3 V. It also exhibits excellent electrochemical performance under high cut‐off voltage. The initial discharge specific capacity reaches 197.5 mAhg−1 at 0.2 C within 2.7 to 4.5 V, and the capacity retains 188.9 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. The work provides an alternative cathode material for high‐energy‐density and cost‐effective lithium‐ion batteries.
Multiobjective particle swarm community discovery arithmetic based on representation learning
Authors: Zhang Jianpei , Zhang Xiaoxian , Yang Jing 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWith the continuous increase of the network scale, the structure of the network has also become complicated. The original community discovery algorithm based on small‐scale static networks has been unable to meet our needs. In order to improve the quality of community division, community discovery algorithms based on multiple optimization functions have been proposed. These multiobjective algorithms have continued to increase in time complexity as the optimization functions increase. The time complexity of the multiobjective community discovery algorithm is reduced, and the particle swarm algorithm has higher efficiency and accuracy in solving multiobjective optimization (MOO) problems. Based on the above background, the purpose of this article is to study a multiobjective particle swarm community discovery algorithm based on representation learning. This article uses the network representation learning method for static network community discovery, and designs an improved multiobjective particle swarm‐based community discovery algorithm (MOPSO‐CD). This randomness effectively prevents the algorithm from falling into a local optimum. At the same time, combined with the MOO algorithm, all the Pareto optimal solution sets are retained to adjust the population to correct the lack of accuracy caused by the randomness of the algorithm. In addition, in order to improve the efficiency of the algorithm, this article introduces an efficient Pareto optimal solution set method. Compared with the traditional MOO strategy, the time complexity of the MOO process is O(n2) Reduced to O(nlogn). Through experimental analysis, MOPSO‐CD has higher efficiency and community discovery quality.