bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fair trial in criminal matters: un standards and factors of transformation of its Russian model
Authors: Timoshenko Andrey A. 
Published: November 2020

Based on an analysis of international standards in the field of justice discussed at the 13 UN Congresses on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice since 1950, the article examines the characteristics of the ideal model of a fair criminal process from the point of view of the world community. In the context of a fairly broad understanding of the sign of justice, both at the level of national law enforcement bodies and in the context of the application of international acts by various intergovernmental organizations, it is quite important to isolate the key signs of justice.
The author studied not only the International Conventions and Declarations discussed at the Congresses, but also their working documents, which made it possible to more accurately determine the desired vector of development of national legislation in its movement toward building a more just criminal process.
The conclusions drawn in the work based on the results of the study can be used in lawmaking, as well as be the subject of scientific discussion of the acceptability of the recommendations of the international community for the purposes of effective lawmaking and law enforcement.
The author also proposes to take into account the identified factors affecting the fairness of legal proceedings when building scenario analysis models regarding the future transformation of the judicial system in connection with its global digitalization.
Digitalization in the understanding of philosophy, law, political science, and economics: an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Timchenko Anastasia V. , Timoshenko Andrei 
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the influence of digitalization on diverse social activity spheres. The authors analyze the essential notions of digitalization with regard to philosophy, law, political science, and economics. The digital sphere becomes virtual space without understanding and recognizing territorial and hence, nation-state, jurisdiction. Global digitalization for all social spheres becomes a reality.
Nowadays, the digital economy is globalizing, the public administration is digitalizing, electronic technologies in finance are developing, and smart cities are being created. Law lags significantly behind new digitalization challenges and does not always react swiftly with regard to social interaction dynamics. Philosophy conceptualizes human existence in digital society in the new digital era.
Changes in the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome – have the disease outcomes changed?
Authors: Zateyshchikov D. A. , Minushkina L. O. , Brazhnik V. A. , Galyavich A. S. , Khasanov N. R. , Chichkova M. A. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Tereshchenko S. N. , Koziolova N. A. , Glezer M. G. , Boeva O. I. , Khorolets E. V. , Konstantinov V. O. 
Published: November 2020

Aim To analyze results of changing the management tactics in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in clinical practice from 2004 through 2018 expressed as improvement in prognosis.Material and methods Results of two observational studies were analyzed: ORACLE I (2004–2007), which included 1193 patients with ACS (mean age, 61.1±11.69 years; men, 63.3 %) and ORACLE II (2014–2017), which included 1652 patients from 4 vascular centers (mean age, 64.61±12.67 years; men, 62.3 %).Results Patients included into the ORACLE II study in 2014 were significantly older and the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus was greater than in the ORACLE I study (14.7 and 22.6 %, respectively). After matching the groups by major clinical characteristics, it was found that introducing the invasive management tactics for ACS patients was associated with a reduced rate of all-cause death (from 8.2 to 6.1 % for one year), a tendency towards decreased number of coronary death cases (from 5.6 to 4.0 %), and a decrease in risk of recurrent coronary complications (from 17.4  to 7.7 %).Conclusion Implementing the vascular program statistically significantly decreased the total death rate for at least one-year observation in comparable patient groups.
Analisis Mutu Organoleptik dan Kadar Air Ikan Roa (Hemiramphus sp.) Asap dengan Metode Pengasapan Berbeda
Authors: Azis Rosdiani , Akolo Ingka Rizkyani 
Published: November 2020

Fish is one source of high protein and included a commodity which is easily to decay. The way to inhibit the decay process of fish is fumigation. One of the smoked fishes that is often consumed by Gorontalo people is smoked Roa fish (Hemiramphus sp.). Smoked Roa fish is processed with traditional way through burning using woods as the fuel. Simply or conventionally fish processing like that has several flaws such as less protected of the sanitation aspects in the processing protocol. In order to improve the traditional processed product of Gorontalo, that is a smoked Roa fish, a new breakthrough in making smoked Roa fish was made by using the liquid smoke method. Liquid smoke contains compound of phenol and organic acids that are antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of using different fumigation methods on organoleptic quality (appearance, smell, taste, and texture) of smoked Roa fish. The fumigation methods used were fumigation with liquid smoke and fumigation with traditional method. This research used a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 3 times of replications. The results showed that liquid smoked Roa fish were preferred by panelists, compared to traditional smoked Roa fish. Liquid smoked Roa fish had a bright appearance, the smoke color was spread evenly (uniform), the smell of soft smoke, delicious fish taste, and hard texture that were different from traditional smoked Roa fish which appearance tended to be dull, the color of the smoke was not evenly distributed, the smoke taste in the fish was also quite sharp. Liquid smoked Roa fish also had a lower water content than traditional smoked Roa fish. Statistical tests showed that the fumigation method had a significant effect on the smell and water content of smoked Roa fish.
Keywords: hedonics, liquid smoke, organoleptic, Roa fish, traditional fumigation
Aktivitas NADP(H) Oksidoreduktase pada Kultur Sel Kina (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) Terelisitasi
Authors: Utami Maulidiyah , Ratnadewi Diah , Iswantini Dyah , Trivadila Trivadila 
Published: November 2020

Cinchona ledgeriana Moens is an industrial plant producing secondary metabolite quinoline alkaloids. To maintain and moreover, to increase the quinoline production especially quinine, in vitro culture system through cell culture could be a potential alternative. If the use of elicitor in cell culture can increase the production of a secondary metabolite, the activity of the enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the secondary metabolite in question might be increasing. This study aimed to examine the activity of NADPH oxidoreductase in the elicitated cell culture of C. ledgeriana and to evaluate the correlation between the activity of this enzyme and the level of quinine production. The cell cultures of Cinchona were treated with abscisic acid (ABA) or paclobutrazol (PBZ), combined with sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol in Wood Plant (WP) media, for 7 weeks on a shaker. The quinine concentration was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the enzyme activity was measured using fluorometry. The results showed that the highest enzyme activity was found in the P7M cells (PBZ 7 mg/L + mannitol 5.3 g/L + sucrose 20 g/L), followed by the A3S cells (ABA 3 mg/L + sorbitol 5.3 g/L + sucrose 20 g/L). These results correspond to their production level of the quinine alkaloids. The lowest enzyme activity was found in the cultures without elicitor. The increase of NADP(H) enzyme activity in the P7M and A3S treatments were 13.5 and 8.5%, respectively, compared to that in the control cells.
Keywords: elicitation, fluorometry, NADP(H) oxidoreductase, quinoline alkaloid
Upaya Penghilangan Rasa Pahit Tepung Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Aplikasinya untuk Pangan Fungsional
Authors: Gunawan Muhammad Iqbal Fanani , Prangdimurti Endang , Muhandri Tjahja 
Published: November 2020

Moringa oleifera is a plant that has many benefits in each part. Moringa seeds have high nutrient content but they have not been used as food ingredients because it contains cyanigenic glycoside and a bitter taste. This study aims to obtain the best method in eliminating the bitter taste and cyanide of moringa seeds, analyzing its proximate nutritional levels and antioxidant capacity, and the level of acceptance when it’s applied to cookie products. This study used different types of soaking solution (water, 3.5% NaCl, 1N CH3COOH solution, and 0.5% NaHCO3) and boiling temperature (70°C, boiling water temperature (± 97°C), and pressure boiling (±115°C)). Flour with NaHCO3 immersion treatment continued by pressurized boiling for 35 minutes was chosen to be the best flour because it had the lowest cyanide content, reduced bitter taste, and the highest FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) values (33.40±1.22 mg/kg; 3.40±1.24 mg/kg; and 58.70±2.67 mg AEAC/g) compared with untreated moringa seed flour (152.15±0.95 mg/kg ;10.29±2.92 mg/kg; and 17.43±1.22 mg AEAC/g). The selected flour was used as a substitute for flour (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) in cookies making. Sensory hedonic rating analysis on cookies used 60 untrained panelists. Substitution up to 30% overall did not have a significant difference in acceptance compared to control (0%) except for color attribute.
Keywords: bitter, cyanide, Moringa oleifera, functional food, moringa seed flour
Should I ask for help? The role of motivation and help-seeking in students’ academic achievement: A path analysis model
Authors: Algharaibeh Salem Ali Salem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Academic achievement is considered as one of the major factors in the learning process, as it is one of the complex variables that have an important influence on learning. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between academic motivation, academic help-seeking and academic achievement. A total of 437 university students were selected randomly (simple random–online questionnaires) from many Arab countries (Jordan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Syria) who responded to the questionnaire on academic motivation (intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation) and academic help-seeking (instrumental, executive, avoidance and benefits of help-seeking). Path analysis results showed direct effects from intrinsic motivation to instrumental help-seeking (0.291**), amotivation to executive help-seeking (0.709**), instrumental help-seeking to grade point average (GPA) (0.377**), executive help-seeking to GPA (−0.349**), intrinsic motivation to benefits of help-seeking (0.528**) and from amotivation to avoidance help-seeking (0.738**). Also, there were indirect effects from amotivation to GPA (−0.248**) and from intrinsic motivation to GPA (0.110**). The results illustrate the importance of academic motivation and help-seeking to provide a fuller understanding of students’ academic achievement.
Keywords: Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation, instrumental help-seeking, executive help-seeking, avoidance help-seeking, benefits of help-seeking, path analysis.
Compensation strategies in speaking activities for non-English department students: poor and competent speakers
Authors: Syafryadin Syafryadin , Martina Feny , Salniwati Salniwati 
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the compensation strategies which were used by competent and poor speakers to avoid communication gap in speaking activities. This study used descriptive quantitative desaign. The use of descriptive method because of this study was not searching about compararison or making prediction, but only finding out about mostly strategies used either competent or poor speakers in developing their speaking activities to avoid communication gap. Descriptive research is also chosen because it explores and catches social situation particularly in the class wholisticly, widely and deeply. Data collection used an observation sheet and a questionnaire. Population of this study was 83 students categorized as competent and poor speakers of semester 4 at English Study Program in one of the universities in Kendari. The findings of this study showed that the strategy which dominant used by either competent speakers or poor speakers as their group tendencies that was selecting the topic with the same overall average score of 4.0; competent speakers mostly used selecting the topic with the overall average of 4.0, adjusting or approximating the message with the overall average of 3.6 and using mime or gesture with the overall average of 3.5; poor speakers also mostly used selecting the topic with the overall average of 4.0 and coining word of 3.5. Competent speakers much more used compensation strategies than poor speakers. Thus, its major implication for pedagogy is that compensation strategies are extremely useful as guidance to avoid communication gap in speaking activities
Using reading while listening in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning context
Authors: Asrimawati Inayati Fitriyah , Margana Margana 
Published: November 2020

The benefits of reading while listening for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have been investigated in different EFL learning contexts. Some studies found that simultaneous reading while listening promotes positive impacts on students’ reading and listening skills. It also helps L2 learners’ fluency and comprehension of reading and listening. Moreover, it can assist L2 learners in acquiring new language input in a new learning environment. Hence, this article reviews some research papers related to the implementation of reading while listening (RWL) program in EFL learning context. Furthermore, to answer the research questions: 1) What is reading while listening?; 2) What are the effects of using reading while listening for EFL learners? How to apply the reading while listening program within the EFL classroom? To answer these questions, this article examines the use of RWL for EFL learners based on the research methodology, subject, instrument used, result and suggestion, including the principles of implementing simultaneous reading and listening within the EFL classroom.
HIGHLISGHTS
Highlights

Reading While Listening (RWL)simultaneously can support students with low reading or listening fluency rate.
Simultaneous reading while listening affects students reading and listening skills for a long period of time.
A guideline of RWL program implementation based on ER/EL principles is discussed thoroughly.
Self-organized learning environment teaching strategy for ELT in Merdeka Belajar concept for high school students in Indonesia
Authors: Anis Muhammad , Anwar Choiril 
Published: November 2020

As the development of the industrial revolution takes place, disruptions are happening constantly in almost every major sector of the current industries. Companies and organizations complained about the competencies of the graduates entering the work force. This matter questions the readiness of the education system in preparing the students for the real world. Problems in education such as the regulations, strict policies and instructions from the government are undermining the role of the teachers to do what they think best for their students. This standardization has harmed the motivation and enthusiasm to learn, especially in English language class. Lack of motivation and English Language competency could harm students’ opportunity in accessing the vast global network of knowledge. Merdeka Belajar and SOLE are the promising alternatives in improving ELT. This article is somewhat a position paper trying to clear one side of a debatable opinion about a hot issue. It aims to persuade the reader that our opinion is valid and defensible. In doing so, we then separate the discussion into several parts regarding the analysis of concepts of Merdeka Belajar and SOLE (Self-Organized Learning Environment) related to ELT and motivation in language learning, as well as innovation in education.
HIGHLIGHTS:

SOLE (Self-Organized Learning Environment) is a concept developed by Sugata Mitra, and the researchers at the SOLE Centre in Newcastle University.
SOLE with its highly influenced Constructivism approach lets the learners to take steer of their learning process gives them the ability to make meaning of the subject on their own.
Merdeka Belajar (Freedom to Learn) is a new concept that needs to be tread carefully to direct the discussion objectively.
Joint Distraction Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell&nbsp;Intra-articular Injection&nbsp;Attenuates&nbsp;Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Yuanfeng , Sun Chuanwei , Liu Wenping , Sun Yuxin , Lin Sien , She Guorong , Pan Xiaohua , Zheng Qiujian , Ho Kiwai Kevin , Li Gang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Conservative treatments of osteoarthritis (OA) are limited to symptom relief and novel methods to attenuate OA progression are lacking.Objective: In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of knee joint distraction (KJD) combined with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intra-articular injection (KJD+MSCs) in OA rat model.Methods: OA rat model was established by anterior cruciate ligament transection plus medial meniscus resection in right knee in SD rat. The KJD+MSCs treatment started 3 weeks after the OA surgery. There were two other groups as knee joint distraction only (KJD) and no treat (OA). Three weeks after the treatment, distraction external fixators were removed and rats were kept for further 3 weeks. The rats were then terminated, samples were subject to micro-CT and histology examinations to evaluate the changes of the articular cartilage tissues, subchondral bone and the secondary inflammation.Results: Safranin-O/fast green staining showed that articular cartilage injury was most obvious in the OA group than that in the KJD group and the least in the KJD+MSCs group. Immunohistochemistry examinations showed that the KJD+MSCs group had the lowest percentage of MMP13 or ColX positive chondrocytes comparing to other groups. Micro-CT data indicated that the abnormal change in the subchondral region of the tibia in the KJD+MSCs group was significantly less than that in the KJD group or OA group. Finally, immunohistochemistry result showed that the knee joint in the KJD+MSCs group had the least number of CD68-positive cells among all the groups.Conclusions: Joint distraction combined with mesenchymal stem cells injection alleviated cartilage degradation, reduced irregular ossification of subchondral bone and secondary inflammation, suggesting it could be a new method to halt the OA progression.
Correlation Analysis of Malaria Cases and Meteorological Factors in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Onasanya Oluwatosin Omobolaji , Ibrahim Muhammad Sani , Adebowale Ayo Stephen , Adewole Adefisoye Oluwaseun , Balogun Muhammad Shakir , Nguku Patrick Mboya , Ajumobi Olufemi , Ajayi Ikeoluwapo Oyeneye 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria transmission affects malaria infection rates. There are several potential drivers of malaria transmission. A suitable meteorological factor such as rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity encourages the breeding of the vector. This improves the survival of the parasite in the host. The female Plasmodium falciparum plays a crucial role in the variability of malaria prevalence. Lagos State is a coastal malaria-endemic area in Nigeria. This study presents a correlation analysis of malaria cases and meteorological factors between the periods of January 2015 to April 2018 in Lagos state.MethodsThe study was a secondary data analysis of meteorological variables and records of malaria cases reported by health facilities in Lagos state. We accessed weather variables through free access “weather underground.com” a meteorological data sharing service system (MDSSS). The MDSSS provides real-time online weather information from four meteorological monitoring stations in Lagos state. We accessed the malaria cases through the district health information system 2 databases. It is used to report cases of malaria by all the private and public health facilities in the state. We performed the correlation analyses to show the relationship between temperature, humidity, rainfall, and malaria cases at a 5% level of significance. We analysed data using the statistical package for social sciences version 25.ResultsMalaria cases peaked between the period of July to November 2016 and the period of April to May 2017 and declined between March to May 2017. The temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall showed a positive correlation with malaria cases. The temperature is most correlated with the occurrence of malaria cases (r = 0.65, p< 0.02).ConclusionThis correlation analysis provides an approach for studying the impact of meteorological variability on the prevalence of malaria cases. This can help to forecast the malaria epidemic while preparing for the elimination of malaria in Lagos state.
Variation in Neutrophil Levels and Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Efficacy in West-africa
Authors: Djimde Moussa , Tshiongo Japhet Kabalu , Kayentao Kassoum , Fofana Bakary , Arama Charles , Sodiomo Siriman , Ouedraogo Jean Bosco , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Sagara Issaka , Dicko Alassane , Mens Petra F. , Schallig Henk D. F. H. , Djimde Abdoulaye 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background White blood cells, including abundant neutrophils, constitute the first line of innate defence against pathogens. Neutrophils are involved in pathogen clearance by phagocytosis. However, their role on malaria parasite clearance and on the efficacy of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) are poorly understood.MethodsIn a prospective longitudinal in vivo study, conducted from 2010 to 2014 in Mali, Burkina Faso and Guinea, in which 5360 malaria cases were enrolled, neutrophil rates were compared with malaria carriage after treatment with different ACTs. i.e. Artemether - lumefantrine (AL), Artesunate - amodiaquine (ASAQ), Dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine (DHAPQ) or Pyronaridine artesunate (PA). Depending on the level of neutrophils in the blood, study cases were classified as having neutropenia, normal neutrophils level or neutrophilia. A secondary analysis on data of 4845 cases was performed using R ggplot2 statistical package to compare the post treatment neutrophil levels means and standard deviation between different treatment arms at subsequent malaria episodes.ResultsMicroscopy showed that at day 7 only 4 patients in the neutropenia group and treated with AL had a malaria positive blood smear. At Day 28, rate of recurrent parasitemia in the AL arm was significantly higher in cases with neutropenia (50.9%) versus in cases with normal rates of neutrophils (43.1%) and in patients with neutrophilia (6%) (p<0.001). For patients treated with ASAQ, the rate of recurrent parasitemia was 58.8% in the neutropenia group versus 29.4% in patients with normal rates of neutrophils and 11.8% in patients with neutrophilia (p<0.001). No patient treated with DHAPQ with normal neutrophil counts or neutrophilia was carrying malaria parasites at Day 28. Compared to adults, under 5 years old children were shown to be at risk of malaria parasite reappearance at post treatment Day 28 (OR = 5.64, p = 0.04). Regardless of the ACT used in this study, we observed a significant decrease of neutrophil levels at day 3 post-treatment. Furthermore, regardless the ACT used, an increase in the prevalence of gametocytemia was found in the neutropenic group.ConclusionPatients with neutropenia had higher rates of recurrent parasitemia after artemisinin-based combination therapy. Parasite recurrence in patients with neutropenia was faster after treatment with AL.