bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common infections, mental health problems and healthcare use in people with inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study protocol
Authors: Irving Peter , Barrett Kevin , Tang Daniel , Nijher Monica , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPeople with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of pneumonia and herpes zoster, yet other common infection types have not been explored. Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in IBD; however, the impact of these conditions on primary care healthcare use in IBD is not known.Methods and analysisWe will perform two retrospective studies using a large English population-based primary care cohort to compare the following outcomes in people with IBD and matched controls: incident infections (Study 1) and prevalent mental health problems and healthcare use, overall and in those with and without mental health problems (Study 2). All adults registered with general practices contributing to Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database between 1 January 2014 and 1 January 2019 are eligible. Infection outcomes comprise the incidence of common infections (upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, acute bronchitis, influenza and influenza-like illnesses, skin infections, herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections, genital infections, urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal infections) and any viral infection. Mental health and healthcare use outcomes are: prevalence of depressive episodes; anxiety episodes; recurrent depression; rates of primary care and emergency secondary care visits; primary-care issued sick notes (reflecting time off work). Analyses will be adjusted for sociodemographic factors recorded in the primary care record.DiscussionThese studies will quantify the infection risk in IBD, the excess burden of anxiety and depression in a population-based IBD cohort, and the impact of mental health conditions on healthcare use and time off work. Greater understanding and awareness of infection risk and common mental health issues will benefit people with IBD and healthcare practitioners and will guide policy makers as allocation of resource may be guided by the real-world information produced by these studies.Trial registration numberNCT03836612.
Accuracy of weight estimation methods in adults, adolescents and children: a prospective study
Authors: Cattermole Giles N , Manirafasha Appolinaire 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionWeight estimation of both adult and paediatric patients is often necessary in emergency or low-resource settings when it is not possible to weigh the patient. There are many methods for paediatric weight estimation, but no standard methods for adults. PAWPER and Mercy tapes are used in children, but have not been assessed in adults. The primary aim of this study was to assess weight estimation methods in patients of all ages.MethodsPatients were prospectively recruited from emergency and outpatient departments in Kigali, Rwanda. Participants (or guardians) were asked to estimate weight. Investigators collected weight, height, mid-arm circumference (MAC) and humeral-length data. In all participants, estimates of weight were calculated from height and MAC (PAWPER methods), MAC and humeral length (Mercy method). In children, Broselow measurements and age-based formulae were also used. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of estimates within 20% of actual weight (p20).ResultsWe recruited 947 participants: 307 children, 309 adolescents and 331 adults. For p20, the best methods were: in children, guardian estimate (90.2%) and PAWPER XL-MAC (89.3%); in adolescents, PAWPER XL-MAC (91.3%) and guardian estimate (90.9%); in adults, participant estimate (98.5%) and PAWPER XL-MAC (83.7%). In all age groups, there was a trend of decreasing weight estimation with increasing actual weight.ConclusionThis prospective study of weight estimation methods across all age groups is the first adult study of PAWPER and Mercy methods. In children, age-based rules performed poorly. In patients of all ages, the PAWPER XL-MAC and guardian/participant estimates of weight were the most reliable and we would recommend their use in this setting.
Expression of the immunoproteasome subunit β5i in non-small cell lung carcinomas
Authors: Kiuchi Takayuki , Tomaru Utano , Ishizu Akihiro , Imagawa Makoto , Iwasaki Sari , Suzuki Akira , Otsuka Noriyuki , Ohhara Yoshihito , Kinoshita Ichiro , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Dosaka-Akita Hirotoshi , Kasahara Masanori 
Published: September 2020

AimThe immunoproteasome is a specific proteasome isoform whose proteolytic activity enhances the generation of antigenic peptides to be presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to CD8+T cells. Physiologically, it is expressed abundantly in immune cells and is induced in somatic cells by cytokines, especially interferon-γ. Recently, variable expression of immunoproteasomes has been demonstrated in different types of cancers. However, the clinical significance of immunoproteasome expression in malignant tumours is poorly understood. In this study, we performed clinicopathological evaluation of immunoproteasome subunit β5i in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs).MethodsTumour tissues were collected from 155 patients with NSCLCs, and immunohistochemical analysis for β5i was performed in relation to the prognosis of patients.ResultsHigh expression of β5i was found in about 20% of all NSCLCs and was found significantly more frequently (40%) in the adenocarcinoma subset. High expression of β5i was associated with a better 5-year relative survival rate in patients with pStage I to II adenocarcinoma and was also a significant and independent favourable prognostic factor in adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, when we performed in vitro analysis using NSCLC cell lines, combined treatment with the immunoproteasome-specific inhibitor ONX0914 and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 enhanced cell death in β5i-expressing NSCLC cell lines.ConclusionThe expression of immunoproteasome can be explored as both a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in NSCLCs. Since immunoproteasomes have crucial role in the antigen presentation, further studies may help to provide essential knowledge for therapeutic strategies in anticancer immunotherapy.
Enhanced lipid biosynthesis in human tumor-induced macrophages contributes to their protumoral characteristics
Authors: Rabold Katrin , Aschenbrenner Anna , Thiele Christoph , Boahen Collins K , Schiltmans Alexander , Smit Johannes W A , Schultze Joachim L , Netea Mihai G , Adema Gosse J , Netea-Maier Romana T 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (TC) and neuroblastoma (NB), being associated with a poor prognosis for patients. However, little is known about how tumors steer the specific metabolic phenotype and function of TAMs.MethodsIn a human coculture model, transcriptome, metabolome and lipidome analysis were performed on TC-induced and NB-induced macrophages. The metabolic shift was correlated to functional readouts, such as cytokine production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, including pharmacological inhibition of metabolic pathways.ResultsBased on transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we observed a strong upregulation of lipid biosynthesis pathways in TAMs. Subsequently, lipidome analysis revealed that tumor-induced macrophages have an increased total lipid content and enriched levels of intracellular lipids, especially phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelins. Strikingly, this metabolic shift in lipid synthesis contributes to their protumoral functional characteristics: blocking key enzymes of lipid biosynthesis in the tumor-induced macrophages reversed the increased inflammatory cytokines and the capacity to produce ROS, two well-known protumoral factors in the TME.ConclusionsTaken together, our data show that tumor cells can stimulate lipid biosynthesis in macrophages to induce protumoral cytokine and ROS responses and advocate lipid biosynthesis as a potential therapeutic target to reprogram the TME.
Tobacco and tobacco branding in films most popular in the UK from 2009 to 2017
Authors: Barker Alexander , Cranwell Jo , Fitzpatrick Iona , Whittamore Kathy , Alfayad Khaldoon , Haridy Amira , Murray Rachael , Britton John 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundExposure to tobacco content in films is a cause of smoking uptake in young people. In an earlier study, we reported that tobacco content occurred in 70% of UK box office films popular between 1989 and 2008. We now report an analysis of tobacco content in a sample of the top grossing UK box office films between 2009 and 2017, and of population exposure resulting from audience exposure to the 2017 films.MethodsOccurrence of tobacco intervals (actual tobacco use, implied use, appearance of smoking paraphernalia or branding) was measured by 5 min interval coding in the 15 most commercially successful films in the UK in each year from 2009 to 2017. A nationally representative survey was used to estimate population exposure to the top 15 films from 2017.ResultsWe coded 3248 intervals from the 135 films. Tobacco content appeared in 245 intervals (8%, 95% CI 7% to 9%) across 56 (41%, 95% CI 33% to 49%) films. Tobacco content occurred in films in all BBFC age ratings, and 36 (64%, 95% CI 51% to 77%) of films containing tobacco imagery were classified as suitable for viewing by people aged under 15 years. Although less prevalent than in our earlier study, there was no evidence of a secular decline in tobacco content during this study period. The top 15 films from 2017 delivered approximately 21.6 (95% CI 21.06–22.14) million tobacco impressions to young people aged 10–18 years in the UK.ConclusionsTobacco content continues to appear in UK Box Office films and is widely seen by young people, representing a major driver of smoking uptake.
Detection of potentially pathogenic bacteria from Ixodes ricinus carried by pets in Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Chisu Valentina , Foxi Cipriano , Masu Gabriella , D' Amaddio Barbara , Masala Giovanna 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundTicks are vectors of disease‐causing pathogens that pose a serious threat to animals and people. Dogs and cats are exposed to tick infestation in multiple ways and can easily transport infected ticks into domestic environments and potentially transfer them to people. Pet owners are at increased risk of picking up ticks from their pets and developing tickborne diseases. This study aims to detect the presence of pathogens of potential public health interest in ticks removed from cats and dogs in Tuscany, Italy.MethodsThe collected ticks were screened for the presence of protozoan (Theileria species and Babesia species) and bacterial (Rickettsia species, Anaplasma species, Ehrlichia species, Chlamydia species, Bartonella species and Coxiella burnetii) pathogens using PCR.ResultsPCR and sequencing analysis revealed that 3 per cent of the ticks were PCR‐positive for the presence of Rickettsia helvetica DNA, 5 per cent of ticks were PCR‐positive for Bartonella henselae DNA, and 46 per cent of ticks were PCR‐positive for Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia abortus DNA. None of the examined ticks was PCR‐positive for Theileria species, Babesia species, Anaplasma species, Ehrlichia canis or Coxiella burnetii DNA.ConclusionThe results of this preliminary study highlight the importance of monitoring companion animals as indicators to evaluate the health status of their owners. Preventive measures are necessary to limit the spread of zoonotic pathogens from companion animals to people within the home environment.
Cosmological viscous fluid models describing infinite time singularities in f(T) gravity
Authors: Boko R. D. , Houndjo M. J. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we explore the state parameter behaviour of the interacting viscous dark energy inf(T) gravity. Using constant deceleration parameter we investigate the cosmological implications of the viscosity and interaction between the dark components (energy and matter) in terms of Redshift. So doing, the viscosity and the interaction between the two fluids are parameterized by constants$$\delta $$δand$$\xi $$ξrespectively. In the later part of the paper, we explore some bulk viscosity models describing Little Rip and Pseudo Rip future singularities withinf(T) modified gravity. We obtain gravitational equations of motion for viscous dark energy coupled with dark matter. Solving these equations, we found analytic expressions for characteristic properties of these cosmological models.
Search for lepton flavour violating muon decay mediated by a new light particle in the MEG experiment
Authors: Baldini A. M. , Berg F. , Biasotti M. , Boca G. , Cattaneo P. W. , Cavoto G. , Cei F. , Chiappini M. , Chiarello G. , Chiri C. , Corvaglia A. , de Bari A. , De Gerone M. , Francesconi M. , Galli L. , Gatti F. , Grancagnolo F. , Grassi M. , Grigoriev D. N. , Hildebrandt M. , Hodge Z. , Ieki K. , Ignatov F. , Iwai R. , Iwamoto T. , Kobayashi S. , Kettle P.-R. , Kyle W. , Khomutov N. , Kolesnikov A. , Kravchuk N. , Kuchinskiy N. , Libeiro T. , Lim G. M. A. , Malyshev V. , Matsuzawa N. , Meucci M. , Mihara S. , Molzon W. , Mori Toshinori , Mtchedilishvili A. , Nakao M. , Natori H. , Nicolò D. , Nishiguchi H. , Nishimura M. , Ogawa S. , Onda R. , Ootani W. , Oya A. , Palo D. , Panareo M. , Papa A. , Pettinacci V. , Pizzigoni G. , Popov A. , Renga F. , Ritt S. , Rozhdestvensky A. , Rossella M. , Sawada R. , Schwendimann P. , Signorelli G. , Stoykov A. , Tassielli G. F. , Toyoda K. , Uchiyama Y. , Usami M. , Voena C. , Yanai K. , Yudin Yu. V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present the first direct search for lepton flavour violating muon decay mediated by a new light particle X, $$\upmu ^+ \rightarrow \mathrm {e}^+\mathrm {X}, \mathrm {X} \rightarrow \upgamma \upgamma \ $$

μ
+

→

e

+

X
,
X
→
γ
γ

. This search uses a dataset resulting from $$7.5\times 10^{14}$$

7.5
×

10
14

stopped muons collected by the MEG experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institut in the period 2009–2013. No significant excess is found in the mass region 20–45 MeV/c$$^2$$

2

for lifetimes below 40 ps, and we set the most stringent branching ratio upper limits in the mass region of 20–40 MeV/c$$^2$$

2

, down to $${\mathcal {O}}(10^{-11})$$

O
(

10

-
11

)

at 90% confidence level.
Application of the statistical Taguchi method to optimize the properties of WC preforms to produce W-ZrC composites using reactive infiltration by molten Zr2 Cu
Authors: Najafzadehkhoee Aliasghar , Habibolahzadeh Ali , Qods Fathallah , Vakhshouri Maryam , Polkowski Wojciech , Hvizdos Pavol 
Published: September 2020

In this work, an orthogonal array design (OAD), OA16, was utilized to study the parameters statistically for the fabrication of WC preforms. The effects of prominent parameters of gel-casting i.e., gelation agent (sodium alginate to calcium phosphate ratio), size of initial WC powder, WC powder loading and also two other parameters such as pre-sintering temperature and time on the relative density, porosity and flexural strength of the WC preforms were examined. The effects of these factors on WC preforms were investigated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of ANOVA showed that the size of initial WC powder as the most significant parameter affecting the porosity and flexural strength. Flexural strength of 33 MPa and porosity of 51% were achieved for the WC preform with 25 vol.% WC, size of initial powder of 0.9 [Formula: see text]m, pre-sintering temperature of [Formula: see text]C and pre-sintering time of 4 h. XRD results and SEM micrographs of the optimized WC preforms and the resulted W–ZrC composite showed a uniform porous microstructure and uniform distribution of phases (W and ZrC), respectively.
Steer the Rheology of Solvent with Little Surfactant to Exfoliate MoS2 Nanosheet by Liquid Phase Exfoliation Method
Authors: Zhou Dan , Yin Jianzhong 
Published: September 2020

A surfactant system L64 and alcohol mixture was employed to exfoliate MoS2. To reduce the impact of surfactant on the quality of the nanosheet, the concentration of L64 was decreased to an extremely low value 0.0325 mM. Utilize common ultrasonic bath, the production yield of the nanosheet was increased to about 5% per hour, and statistical results from AFM showed that 40% of the nanosheet were less than 4 nm thick. Rheology characterization showed that surfactant alcohol mixtures were shear thinning fluid, yet the viscosity of L64 system varies directly with the shear rate in the high-speed shear region (higher than 400 s−1), and further affect the shear strength, therefore viscosity at high-speed shear can be considered as an indicator of the effectiveness for the exfoliation system. Exfoliated MoS2 was evaluated by hydrogen evolution reaction, and compared to the bulk MoS2, the 4 wt% Pt/FL-MoS2 improved the overpotential from 366 mV to 273 mV at 10 mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. This study presented a facile and effective route to fabricate 2D MoS2 with much less residue, and bring more opportunities to exploit clean and nontoxic system to exfoliate 2D materials.
Phase Ib Study of Chemoprevention with Green Tea Polyphenon E and Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Premalignant Lesions (APL) of the Head and Neck
Authors: Shin Dong M. , Nannapaneni Sreenivas , Patel Mihir R. , Shi Qiuying , Liu Yuan , Chen Zhengjia , Chen Amy Y. , El-Deiry Mark W. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Steuer Conor E. , Roser Steven M. , Klein Adam M. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Chen Zhuo G. , Saba Nabil F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
On the basis of synergistic effects between green tea polyphenon E (PPE) and EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor in preclinical studies, we conducted a phase Ib study of the PPE and erlotinib combination in patients with advanced premalignant lesions (APL) of the oral cavity and larynx.

Patients and Methods:
Patients were treated with a fixed dose of PPE (200 mg three times a day) and dose escalation of erlotinib (50, 75, 100 mg daily) for 6 months with tissue biopsy at baseline and 6 months. Primary endpoints were safety and toxicity; secondary endpoints were evaluation of pathologic response, cancer-free survival (CFS), overall survival (OS), and biomarker modulation.

Results:
Among 21 enrolled patients, 19 began treatment and 17 completed 6 months of treatment with PPE and erlotinib. Main characteristics of treated patients: 15 severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and 17 oral cavity. Only skin rash was associated with dose-limiting toxicity and MTD. Recommended doses for phase II studies are PPE 600 mg daily plus erlotinib 100 mg daily for 6 months. Pathologic responses in 17 evaluable patients: pathologic complete response (47%) and pathologic partial response (18%). The 5-year CFS and OS were 66.3% and 93%, respectively. Among tested biomarkers, only phosphorylated ERK was correlated with response to treatment.

Conclusions:
Treatment with PPE and erlotinib combination was well tolerated in patients with APLs of the head and neck, and showed a high rate of pathologic response with excellent CFS. This combination deserves further investigation for the chemoprevention and/or prevention of second primary tumors in early-stage head and neck cancer.
Disparities in Cancer Prevention in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Carethers John M. , Sengupta Rajarshi , Blakey Rea , Ribas Antoni , D'Souza Gypsyamber 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Screening for cancer is a proven and recommended approach to prevent deaths from cancer; screening can locate precursor lesions and/or cancer at early stages when it is potentially curable. Racial and ethnic minorities and other medically underserved populations exhibit lower uptake of cancer screening than nonminorities in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately affected minority communities, has curtailed preventive services including cancer screening to preserve personal protective equipment and prevent spread of infection. While there is evidence for a rebound from the pandemic-driven reduction in cancer screening nationally, the return may not be even across all populations, with minority population screening that was already behind becoming further behind as a result of the community ravages from COVID-19. Fear of contracting COVID-19, limited access to safety-net clinics, and personal factors like, financial, employment, and transportation issues are concerns that are intensified in medically underserved communities. Prolonged delays in cancer screening will increase cancer in the overall population from pre-COVID-19 trajectories, and elevate the cancer disparity in minority populations. Knowing the overall benefit of cancer screening versus the risk of acquiring COVID-19, utilizing at-home screening tests and keeping the COVID-19–induced delay in screening to a minimum might slow the growth of disparity.
Description and molecular characterization of Chrysopilus kafkai sp. nov. (Diptera: Rhagionidae) from Serra da Bodoquena (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil)
Authors: Cegolin Bianca Melo , Bueno Gabriel Marangão , Pereira Gabriel Lopes , Santos Daubian , Santos Charles Morphy Dias dos 
Published: September 2020

Rhagionidae (Brachycera, Tabanomorpha) is a widespread family of the order Diptera, containing ca. 720 species in 22 genera and distributed worldwide. Chrysopilus Marquart is one of the most speciose genus of Rhagionidae. Here we describe Chrysopilus kafkai sp. nov. Cegolin & Santos, the first record of a rhagionid species from Serra da Bodoquena, in the Midwest Brazilian region, and includes an identification key and a distribution map to the Brazilian species of Chrysopilus. The species description is complemented by a molecular characterization of the 28S rRNA sequence.
A new species of Stizocera Audinet-Serville, 1834 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Colombia with an updated key to species of the genus and new geographical records in Cerambycinae
Authors: Taboada-Verona Carlos , Botero Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2020

A new species of Stizocera (Cerambycinae, Elaphidiini) from Colombia is described and illustrated: Stizocera ruthveronae sp. nov., and an updated key to species of the genus is presented. Moreover, nine species of longhorn beetles of Cerambycinae belonging to Callichromatini, Eburiini, Elaphidiini, Hexoplonini, Neoibidionini, Obriini are reported for the first time for Colombia.