bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forward Modeling and Optimization of Methane Emissions in the South Central United States Using Aircraft Transects Across Frontal Boundaries
Authors: Barkley Z. R. , Davis K. J. , Feng S. , Balashov N. , Fried A. , DiGangi J. , Choi Y. , Halliday H. S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe South Central United States is a hot spot for anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions, with contributions from the oil/gas (O&G) and animal agriculture sectors. During frontal weather events, airflow combines enhancements from these emissions into a large plume. In this study, we take CH4 and ethane (C2H6) observations from the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport‐America campaign and adjust O&G and animal agriculture emissions such that modeled CH4 and C2H6 enhancements match the observed plume. Results from the joint CH4‐C2H6 optimization indicate that emissions from the O&G sector are 1.8 ± 0.7 (2σ) times larger than EPA inventory estimates. These results match synthesis work from recent literature and reject the possibility that this increase compared to inventories is due to a potential bias in daytime‐only measurements of these facilities. Successful modeling from this study raises the possibility of using trace gas measurements along frontal crossings to solve for emissions in other regions of the United States.
The Long Recurrence Intervals of Small Repeating Earthquakes May Be Due to the Slow Slip Rates of Small Fault Strands
Authors: Williams J. R. , Hawthorne J. C. , Lengliné O. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObservations since 1998 have revealed that repeating earthquakes, and particularly small repeating earthquakes, occur less often than expected given their seismically derived slip and the regional fault slip rate. Here we test the hypothesis that small repeaters occur infrequently because they occur on fault segments or strands with low slip rates. We analyze the recurrence interval‐moment scaling of earthquake sequences near Parkfield, California. We find that closely spaced sequences, which likely occur on the same fault strand and respond to the same slip rate, follow a
scaling consistent with seismic slip rates while widely spaced sequences, which likely occur on different strands, follow a
scaling consistent with the previous counterintuitive observations. These results suggest that spatially varying slip rates could create the
recurrence interval scaling, though we cannot exclude other explanations.
The Application of Convolutional Neural Networks to Detect Slow, Sustained Deformation in InSAR Time Series
Authors: Anantrasirichai N. , Biggs J. , Albino F. , Bull D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutomated systems for detecting deformation in satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery could be used to develop a global monitoring system for volcanic and urban environments. Here, we explore the limits of a convolutional neural networks for detecting slow, sustained deformations in wrapped interferograms. Using synthetic data, we estimate a detection threshold of 3.9 cm for deformation signals alone and 6.3 cm when atmospheric artifacts are considered. Overwrapping reduces this to 1.8 and 5.2 cm, respectively, as more fringes are generated without altering signal to noise ratio. We test the approach on time series of cumulative deformation from Campi Flegrei and Dallol, where overwrapping improves classification performance by up to 15%. We propose a mean‐filtering method for combining results of different wrap parameters to flag deformation. At Campi Flegrei, deformation of 8.5 cm/year was detected after 60 days and at Dallol, deformation of 3.5 cm/year was detected after 310 days. This corresponds to cumulative displacements of 3 and 4 cm consistent with estimates based on synthetic data.
Collisionless Electron Dynamics in the Magnetosheath of Mars
Authors: Schwartz S. J. , Andersson L. , Xu S. , Mitchell D. L. , Akbari H. , Ergun R. E. , Mazelle C. , Thaller S. A. , Sales A. R. N. , Horaites K. , DiBraccio G. A. , Meziane K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectron velocity distributions in Mars's magnetosheath show a systematic erosion of the energy spectrum with distance downstream from the bow shock. Previous attempts to model this erosion invoked assumptions to promote electron ionization impact collisions with Mars's neutral hydrogen exosphere. We show that the near collision‐free magnetosheath requires a kinetic description; the population of electrons at any location is a convolution of electrons arriving from more distant regions that ultimately map directly to the solar wind. We construct a simple model that captures all the essential physics. The model demonstrates how the erosion of the electron distributions is the result of the trapping, escape, and replacement of electrons that traverse the global bow shock; some are temporarily confined to the expanding cavity formed by the cross‐shock electrostatic potential. The model also has implications for the ability of solar wind electrons to reach altitudes below the pileup boundary.
Magnetic fields and cosmic rays in M 31
Authors: Beck R. , Berkhuijsen E. M. , Gießübel R. , Mulcahy D. D. 
Published: October 2019

Context. Magnetic fields play an important role in the dynamics and evolution of galaxies; however, the amplification and ordering of the initial seed fields are not fully understood. The nearby spiral galaxy M 31 is an ideal laboratory for extensive studies of magnetic fields.
Aims. Our aim was to measure the intrinsic structure of the magnetic fields in M 31 and compare them with dynamo models of field amplification.
Methods. The intensity of polarized synchrotron emission and its orientation are used to measure the orientations of the magnetic field components in the plane of the sky. The Faraday rotation measure gives information about the field components along the line of sight. With the Effelsberg 100-m telescope three deep radio continuum surveys of the Andromeda galaxy, M 31, were performed at 2.645, 4.85, and 8.35 GHz (wavelengths of 11.3, 6.2, and 3.6 cm). The λ3.6 cm survey is the first radio survey of M 31 at such small wavelengths. Maps of the Faraday rotation measures (RMs) are calculated from the distributions of the polarization angle.
Results. At all wavelengths the total and polarized emission is concentrated in a ring-like structure of about 7–13 kpc in radius from the centre. Propagation of cosmic rays away from the star-forming regions is evident. The ring of synchrotron emission is wider than the ring of the thermal radio emission, and the radial scale length of synchrotron emission is larger than that of thermal emission. The polarized intensity from the ring in the plane of the sky varies double-periodically with azimuthal angle, indicating that the ordered magnetic field is oriented almost along the ring, with a pitch angle of −14 ° ±2° at λ6.2 cm. The RM varies systematically along the ring. The analysis shows a large-scale sinusoidal variation with azimuthal angle, signature of an axisymmetric spiral (ASS) regular magnetic field, plus a superimposed double-periodic variation of a bisymmetric spiral (BSS) regular field with about six times smaller amplitude. The RM amplitude of (118 ± 3) rad m−2 between λ6.2 cm and λ3.6 cm is about 50% larger than between λ11.3 cm and λ6.2 cm, indicating that Faraday depolarization at λ11.3 cm is stronger (i.e. with a larger Faraday thickness) than at λ6.2 cm and λ3.6 cm. The phase of the sinusoidal RM variation of −7 ° ±1° is interpreted as the average spiral pitch angle of the regular field. The average pitch angle of the ordered field, as derived from the intrinsic orientation of the polarized emission (corrected for Faraday rotation), is significantly smaller: −26 ° ±3°.
Conclusions. The dominating ASS plus the weaker BSS field of M 31 is the most compelling case so far of a field generated by the action of a mean-field dynamo. The difference in pitch angle of the regular and the ordered fields indicates that the ordered field contains a significant fraction of an anisotropic turbulent field that has a different pattern than the regular (ASS + BSS) magnetic field.
Liquorverlustsyndrom mit intrakraniellen Komplikationen. Wann muss man daran denken?
Authors: Ulrich Christian T. , Jesse C. Marvin , Häni Levin , Fichtner Jens , Piechowiak Eike , Dobrocky Tomas , Raabe Andreas , Beck Jürgen 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Liquorverlustsyndrom kann nach spinalen Interventionen, wie zum Beispiel Operationen und Punktionen, oder spontan (ohne erkennbare Ursache) auftreten. Durch ein vermindertes Liquorvolumen können intrakranielle Komplikationen entstehen, deren Spektrum von lageabhängigen (orthostatischen) Kopfschmerzen bis hin zu intrakraniellen Blutungen mit lebensbedrohlichen Zuständen reicht. Deshalb ist es wichtig, das Liquorverlussyndrom klinisch richtig einzuordnen, eine gezielte Diagnostik durchzuführen und die adäquate Therapie einzuleiten. Anhand der verschiedenen Ätiologien der Liquorverlustsyndrome und der Schwere der Befunde wird das diagnostische und therapeutische Management dargelegt.
Severe Mitral Valve Regurgitation due to Significant Coronary Artery
Stenosis in a 14-month-old boy with Williams-Beuren Syndrome
Authors: Hornung Andreas , Sieverding Ludger , Schlensak Christian , Hofbeck Michael 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionWilliams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is characterized by a combination of cardiovascular
malformations, typical dysmorphic stigmata, a moderate developmental delay and
behavioral abnormalities. According to the literature the incidence is within a
range from 1:20 000 to 1:7 500 (Yildiz O et al., World J Pediatr
Congenit Heart Surg 2015; 6: 311–316). Microdeletion of chromosome region
7q11.23 is pathognomonic, affecting the elastin gene (von Beust G et al., Klin
Padiatr 2000; 212: 299–307). Due to reduced elastin content elasticity in
the media of the arterial vessel wall is reduced, resulting in a vasculopathy
affecting preferentially the medium size and large arteries. As a characteristic
feature supravalvular aortic and pulmonary artery stenosis is very common in
patients with WBS. The supravalvular aortic stenosis may also affect the origin of
the coronary arteries resulting in an increased risk of myocardial ischemia (Collins
RT 2nd, Circulation 2013; 127: 2125–2134). We report the case of
a little boy with ischemic mitral regurgitation due to stenosis of the left main
coronary artery.
Data from Population-based Cancer Registration for Secondary Data
Analysis: Methodological Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Arndt Volker , Holleczek Bernd , Kajüter Hiltraud , Luttmann Sabine , Nennecke Alice , Zeissig Sylke Ruth , Kraywinkel Klaus , Katalinic Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPopulation-based cancer registries have a long-standing role in cancer
monitoring. Scientific use of cancer registry data is one important purpose of
cancer registration, but use of cancer registry data is not restricted to cancer
registries. Cancer registration in Germany is currently heading towards
population-based collection of detailed clinical data. This development together
with additional options for record linkage and long-term follow-up will offer
new opportunities for health services and outcome research. Both regional
population-based registries and the German Centre for Cancer Registry Data
(ZfKD) at the Robert Koch-Institute as well as international cancer registries
and consortia or organizations may provide external researchers access to
individual or aggregate level data for secondary data analysis. In this review,
we elaborate on the access to cancer registry data for research purposes,
availability of specific data items, and options for data linkage with external
data sources. We also discuss as well as on limitations in data availability and
quality, and describe typical biases in design and analysis.
NOAC Adherence of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in the Real World: Dosing Frequency Matters?
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Han Seongwook , Bae Han-Joon , Jun Seung-Woon , Choi Sang-Woong , Lee Cheol-Hyun , Kim In-Cheol , Cho Yun-Kyeong , Park Hyoung-Seob , Yoon Hyuck-Jun , Kim Hyungseop , Nam Chang-Wook , Hur Seung-Ho , Lee Sang-Hoon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and Objectives Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) require stricter medication adherence. We investigated the NOACs adherence in real-world practice.
Methods We screened all patients in our cardiology department the day before their outpatient appointment, over a 5-month period. We enrolled 719 consecutive patients who were taking NOACs for atrial fibrillation. The patients were contacted by phone or text to bring the remnant pills with them without any information why. Adherence was measured by the percentage of prescribed doses taken (PDT) (number of doses taken/number of doses expected to be taken from the last prescription × 100 [%]) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS)-8.
Results All 4 NOACs (apixaban 47.8%, dabigatran 21.2%, rivaroxaban 18.4%, and edoxaban 12.6%) were prescribed. The mean duration that the patients had been taking NOACs was 7.2 ± 5.7 months. The PDT was 95.4 ± 9.1% in the once-daily dosing group and 93.4 ± 12.7% in the twice-daily group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.017). The mean MMAS was 2.6 ± 0.8. The proportion of patients with a PDT < 80% was 7.8%. They had a significantly higher MMAS than the PDT ≥ 80% group (3.4 vs. 2.5; p = 0.000).
Conclusion Most patients who were taking NOACs had excellent adherence regardless of the dosing frequency. An MMAS ≥ 3 could be used as a simple screening tool for a poor NOAC adherence.
The impact of explicit instruction on different types of linguistic properties
Authors: Teixeira Joana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the past decades, L2 research has shown that properties involving the syntax-discourse interface are typically more complex to acquire than strictly syntactic properties. To determine whether the complexity of the target property moderates the effectiveness of explicit instruction, this study investigates the impact of explicit instruction on the development of a syntactic property (the ungrammaticality of free inversion) and a syntax-discourse property (the unacceptability of locative inversion with informationally heavy verbs) in L1 European Portuguese-L2 English (B2 and C1 levels), using a pre-test/post-test design. Results reveal that instruction only produced lasting effects when it targeted syntax and learners were at the C1 level. These results indicate that syntax may be more permeable to instructional effects than the syntax-discourse interface and that the effectiveness of explicit instruction depends on learners’ stage of L2 development.
Exploring bilingual children’s integration of gestures into talk-in-interaction
Authors: Wanphet Phalangchok , Sfaxi Jalila 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper explores how gestures, or the movements of hands, arms, and fingers, are employed by young bilinguals, or those who possess a good command of two languages. Moreover, it uncovers the sequential environment in which those gestures are found. The data come from twelve hours of recorded, naturally-occurring interaction between six bilingual girls in English. The findings reveal that their gestures have cognitive, communicative, interpersonal, and interactional functions. The gestures help solve speech problems, such as disambiguating speech, compensating for speech, and searching for words or what to say next. They also help allocate turns-at-talk, draw addressees’ attention, and maintain social relations. At a discourse level, the study reveals how bilinguals display similar gestures within the same discourse domain.
Stance-taking, accommodation, code switching and language crossing
Authors: Zhu Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study involves an in-depth analysis of a sociolinguistic interview between the researcher and a college student in his junior year, herein named “Alex”. Within the entirety of the transcription, I conducted a detailed investigation of the interviewee’s linguistic features and strategies. He attempted to achieve several communicative goals, such as streamlining the conversation by utilizing stance taking, communication accommodation, language crossing and code switching. In this paper, I elaborate on the specific linguistic strategies he used to take a stance and construct his identity through narrative. Specifically, he created the identity of a motivated, intelligent yet humble foreign language learner.
UNO and TVD schemes for calculation of waves in an elastic-plastic body
Authors: Aganin A A , Khismatullina N A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
TVD and UNO schemes for efficiently calculating one-dimensional waves in an elastic-plastic body are presented. Both schemes are of the second order of accuracy, with an exception for the TVD scheme in the local extrema of the solution where its accuracy is reduced to the first order. The waves in the body are governed by differential equations in the hydrostatic pressure and the components of the velocity and the deviator of the stress tensor. The plasticity of the body is taken into account using the Mises condition. The classical Godunov method is used for estimating the effectiveness of the presented schemes. It is shown that on the same computational grids, the accuracy of the numerical results by the presented schemes significantly exceeds the accuracy of the results by the Godunov method. At the same time, the UNO scheme is more preferable, since the TVD scheme cuts the solution extrema because it strictly satisfies the TVD condition.
Simulation of low-pressure rf plasma treatment of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Borodaev I A , Zheltukhin V S , Sizov A S , Strebkov E V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Methods of molecular dynamic simulation of the bombardment of polymeric materials by low-energy (up to 100 eV) ions generated in radio-frequency low-pressure (13.3-133 Pa) plasma are discussed. A model of RF plasma treatment of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been developed. It has been established that the bombardment of UHMWPE by argon ions initiates the fast rotation of the polymer chains, and the rupture of intramolecular bonds.
Application of argon collisional-radiative model for inductive RF discharge research
Authors: Gizzatullin Azamat R , Zhelonkin Y O , Voznesencky E F , Gizzatullin Azat R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The technique of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in combination with plasma emission models for determining the parameters of a gas discharge is presented. Measurements of charge carrier concentration and electron temperature in an inductively coupled RF plasma of argon are carried out under low pressure. The concentration and temperature of electrons were determined by selecting the ratio of the intensities of the spectral lines calculated with the collision-radiative model (CRM) to the intensities of the lines obtained in the experiment. The model describes the kinetics of the first 30 excited states of argon and takes into account the following processes: direct electron impact excitation / relaxation, spontaneous emission, radiation trapping, electron impact ionization and charge loss due to diffusion on the walls. The obtained OES results were compared with the results of Langmuir probe measurements of plasma parameters.
Study of gas dynamic flow regimes in RFPT technological processes
Authors: Gizzatullin Azat R , Zhelonkin Y O , Voznesencky E F , Gizzatullin Azamat R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experimental measurements of the pressure in the vacuum chamber of the RF plasma unit at various flow rates of the working gas — Argon — have been carried out, and a dynamic vacuum curve has been constructed for the system. A simulation of the flow of working gases in a vacuum chamber in a COMSOL Multiphysics package was carried out at different flow conditions in the pressure range of 1–100 Pa, the dependence of pressure on flow was established, and the calculated data were compared with experiment.
Temperature dependence of erosion of graphite under high-temperature ion irradiation
Authors: Begrambekov L B , Grunin A V , Dolganov G D , Puntakov N A , Titkova K M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a dependence of the erosion of graphite under a high energy ion flux from the ion dose is investigated at temperatures of 750, 1700 and 2050 °C. High doses of irradiation stimulate diffusion processes that lead to the transport of carbon atoms from the bulk of the sample towards the surface, leading to the formation of a porous layer which thickness increases both with the increase of sample’s temperature, as well as the dose of irradiation.
Study of the effect of plasma modification on the change of fire-resistant properties of textile materials imported by flame retardants
Authors: Ilyushina S , Antonova M , Krasina I , Minyazova A , Parsanov A , Mingaliev R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article studies the effect of plasma modification on the flame retardant properties of blended fabrics. The regime of plasma treatment is revealed at which effective and uniform solution absorption of the flame retardant composition of textile materials is achieved. It was found that the most effective fixing of the flame retardant is carried out on samples that underwent double plasma treatment before and after impregnation with the flame retardant.
Studying the effect of RF-plasma treatment on the indicators of adhesion of inorganic fibers to the polymeric binder
Authors: Karnoukhov A E , Karimullin I I , Skidchenko E A , Tikhonova N V , Garifullin A R , Romanov E O , Voznesensky E F , Miftakhov I S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of the plasma RF discharge on the adhesion indices (capillarity and shear strength) of glass and carbon fibers to the epoxy matrix. Plasma treatment modes were selected to maximize the adhesion of the fibers to the polymer binder.
On the possibility of controlling the composition of water by analyzing emissivity spectra from a discharge with an electrolytic cathode
Authors: Saifutdinov A I , Sysoev S S , Kirsanov G V , Fadeev S A , Saifutdinova A A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Presents results demonstrating the possibility of using a discharge with a liquid (water) cathode to create miniature analyzers of liquid media.
Dynamics of a spheroidal gas bubble near a rigid surface
Authors: Aganin A A , Kosolapova L A , Malakhov V G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Non-spherical dynamics of a bubble during its axisymmetric collapse near a planar rigid wall is considered. The liquid surrounding the bubble is ideal incompressible, its flow is potential. The pressure in the bubble is uniform, and varying with respect to adiabatic law. At the beginning of collapse, the bubble is spheroidal, the liquid is motionless. A numerical technique is applied, which is based on a stepwise method in time for calculating the bubble surface movement and on the boundary element method. The initial stage of the bubble collapse till the moment of contact between some parts of the bubble surface (i.e., till losing its one-connectedness) is considered. The effect of the ratio of the semi-axes of the spheroidal bubble and the initial thickness of the liquid layer between the bubble and the wall on the bubble shape, the pressure and velocity fields in liquid are investigated. The region of the problem parameters (the distance from the wall, the bubble non-sphericity) is outlined, in which the bubble collapses with formation of a cumulative liquid jet impacting on the bubble surface part nearest to the wall. The liquid pressures resulting from the impact are estimated.