bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anal extraskeletal osteosarcoma in a man: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Saadaat Ramin , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid , Ud Din Nasir , Haidary Ahmed Maseh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma is a common malignancy of bone that usually occurs in individuals in the age range of 0–24 years. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare tumor presentation which originates in non-bony tissues. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma comprises 2–5% of all osteosarcomas and less than 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. As compared to bone-derived osteosarcoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma occurs in older age groups. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma has a poorer prognosis than bone osteosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the anal region.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old Hazara man presented to a private hospital with the chief complaints of constipation, bloody defecation, and pain during defecation of 1.5 months’ duration. His past history was unremarkable. A digital rectal examination showed a solid growth in the middle part of his anus. A colonoscopic examination was done and showed a solid mass in his anal region. A computed tomography scan revealed an irregular mural thickening in the anal canal with heterogeneous enhancement. The maximum length of the involved segment was measured to be 4.5 cm. No suspicious lesions were noted in other organs. An abdominoperineal resection was performed on our patient. A 22 cm in length resected segment of his colon, consisting of the lower sigmoid, rectum, and anus was sent to us for histopathological examination. Gross examination revealed a polypoid dark-gray tumor measuring 5 × 3 × 2 cm. The cut section revealed gray and white appearance with firm-to-hard consistency and foci of ossification. Microscopic examination revealed normal anorectal mucosa and a spindle cell malignant neoplasm with osteoid formations. No evidence of epithelial carcinoma was noted. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for stabilin-2 and negative for cytokeratin, which confirmed the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

Conclusion
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the colon is rare and presence of the tumor in the rectum and anal region is extremely rare. Radiology, colonoscopy, and histopathology with immunostaining are required for the diagnosis. The accurate diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcoma is important as it has a different regimen of treatment with poorer prognosis compared to primary osteosarcoma of the bone.
Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Li Lei , Li Ranran , Wu Zhixiong , Yang Xianghong , Zhao Mingyan , Liu Jiao , Chen Dechang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak originated from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, it has become a clinical threat to the general population worldwide. Among people infected with the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the intensive management of the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) needs substantial medical resource. In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. These treatments are referable before the vaccine and specific drugs are available for COVID-19.
Secure beamforming design for the UAV-enabled transmission over NOMA networks
Authors: Yin Chuan , Yan Leibing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper considers an unmanned aerial vehicle -enabled multicast-unicast transmit system, in which downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is applied. Since two types of information are broadcast simultaneously, the security of information transmission is a matter of concern. Based on this, we investigate the problem of maximizing the secrecy rate of the particular unicasting user subject to the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of the multicasting users and the power budget constraint of the UAV base station (BS). Such a problem is non-convex and hard to tackle, and a two-stage procedure is proposed to solve it optimally by dealing with a sequence of semidefinite relaxation (SDR) counterparts. First, fixing the maximal signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of unicasting information in other users, we obtain the corresponding SINR of unicasting information at the particular user. Then, the maximal secrecy unicasting rate is derived by a one-dimension search over the intercepted SINR of unicasting information in other users. Furthermore, two suboptimal solutions with lower complexity are also proposed. Numerical simulation shows that the proposed NOMA assisted schemes always have a better security performance for UAV-enabled transmission.
An annotated and critical glossary of the terminology of inclusion in healthcare and health research
Authors: Islam Shahid , Small Neil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe importance of including members of the public has been accorded a significant position in health planning, service delivery and research. But this position masks a lack of clarity about terms that are used. This paper identifies terms that are in common use in the lexicon of community based involvement and engagement in health with the intention of clarifying meaning and thus reducing ambiguity. We define and distinguish between key terms related to inclusion, we consider the terminology attached to community processes and to the challenges of inclusion and we engage with the strengths and weaknesses of the commonly used metaphor of “a ladder of participation”. We wish to contribute to the clear communication of intentions, challenges and achievements in pursuing varied forms of inclusion in health.
Temperature dependent virulence of the entomopathogenic nematodes against immatures of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Aatif Hafiz Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad Shahid , Raheel Muhammad , Ferhan Muhammad , Mansha Muhammad Zeeshan , Khan Azhar Abbas , Ullah Muhammad Irfan , Shakeel Qaiser , Ali Sajjad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFruit flies have a great influence on fruit and vegetable industry of Pakistan. Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Tephritidae) is a polyphagous pest in large number of fruit and vegetable crops worldwide. Virulence of 4 entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. indica, Steinernema carpocapsae, and S. asiaticum, was evaluated at different temperature degrees (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) against the immature stages of fruit fly species, B. dorsalis. The tested EPNs species showed a temperature dependent virulence against the fruit fly immatures. All EPNs showed a poor infectivity at the lowest temperature (15 °C) and a high infectivity at the highest temperature (35 °C). In overall, H. bacteriophora performed the best against the fruit fly larvae and pupae at all temperature degrees. At 35 °C, all the EPNs caused more than 95% mortality in fruit fly maggots, but H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae performed better than the others. The EPNs infectivity increased with increasing the temperature and exposure time. Similar results were recorded in case of pupae. H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae caused more than 70% pupal mortality rates at 35 °C.
Clinical MEN-1 Among a Large Cohort of Patients With Acromegaly
Authors: Nachtigall Lisa B , Guarda Francisco J , Lines Kate E , Ghajar Alireza , Dichtel Laura , Mumbach Giselle , Zhao Wenxiu , Zhang Xun , Tritos Nicholas A , Swearingen Brooke , Miller Karen K , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Context
Clinical multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is diagnosed by the presence of at least 2 MEN-1–associated tumors. Many patients with acromegaly and clinical MEN-1 yield negative testing for MEN1 mutations. While cases of acromegaly and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) with negative genetic testing have been reported, its prevalence among patients with acromegaly is undetermined, and the clinical presentation has not been well characterized.

Objectives
The main goals of this study are: (1) To determine the prevalence of clinical MEN-1 with PHP in patients with acromegaly and characterize their clinical features; and (2) to evaluate the genetic basis for the coexistence of acromegaly and PHP.

Design
Retrospective record review and genetic analysis.

Setting
Clinical Research Centers.

Participants
414 patients with acromegaly.

Interventions
Clinical evaluation and DNA sequencing for MEN1, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDKN2B, CDKN2C, and AIP genes.

Main outcome measurements
Clinical and genetic analysis.

Results
Among patients with acromegaly, clinical MEN-1, as defined by the presence of at least one other MEN-1-associated tumor, was present in 6.6%. PHP occurred in 6.1%; more than half had parathyroid hyperplasia. DNA sequencing was unrevealing for genetic mutations, except for 1 case of a CDC73 mutation. Acromegaly was diagnosed at an older age with a higher prevalence of malignancies (specifically breast and thyroid) in patients with coexisting PHP than those with isolated acromegaly.

Conclusions
A distinct phenotype is described in patients with clinical MEN-1 and negative genetic testing for mutations previously associated with this syndrome. Further studies are needed to identify other genes that may explain the association between PHP and acromegaly.
Causal Association of Haptoglobin With Obesity in Mexican Children: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Vázquez-Moreno Miguel , Locia-Morales Daniel , Perez-Herrera Aleyda , Gomez-Diaz Rita A , Gonzalez-Dzib Roxana , Valdez-González Adriana L , Flores-Alfaro Eugenia , Corona-Salazar Perla , Suarez-Sanchez Fernando , Gomez-Zamudio Jaime , Valladares-Salgado Adan , Wacher-Rodarte Niels , Cruz Miguel , Meyre David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Context
Little is known about the association between haptoglobin level and cardiometabolic traits. A previous genome-wide association study identified rs2000999 in the HP gene as the stronger genetic contributor to serum haptoglobin level in European populations.

Objective and Design
We investigated the association of HP rs2000999 with serum haptoglobin and childhood and adult obesity in up to 540/697 and 592/691 Mexican cases and controls, respectively. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Serum haptoglobin was measured by an immunoturbidimetry assay. HP rs2000999 was genotyped using the TaqMan technology. Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using the Wald and inverse variance weighting methods.

Results
Haptoglobin level was positively associated with childhood and adult obesity. HP rs2000999 G allele was positively associated with haptoglobin level in children and adults. HP rs2000999 G allele was positively associated with childhood but not adult obesity. The association between HP rs2000999 and childhood obesity was removed after adjusting for haptoglobin level. In a Mendelian randomization analysis, haptoglobin level genetically predicted by HP rs2000999 showed a significant causal effect on childhood obesity by the Wald and inverse variance weighting methods.

Conclusion
Our data provide evidence for the first time for a causal positive association between serum haptoglobin level and childhood obesity in the Mexican population. Our study contributes to the genetic elucidation of childhood obesity and proposes haptoglobin as an important biomarker and treatment target for obesity.
Human Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue is a Metabolically Active and Insulin-Sensitive Distinct Fat Depot
Authors: Pham Tam T , Ivaska Kaisa K , Hannukainen Jarna C , Virtanen Kirsi A , Lidell Martin E , Enerbäck Sven , Mäkelä Keijo , Parkkola Riitta , Piirola Sauli , Oikonen Vesa , Nuutila Pirjo , Kiviranta Riku 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContextBone marrow (BM) in adult long bones is rich in adipose tissue, but the functions of BM adipocytes are largely unknown. We set out to elucidate the metabolic and molecular characteristics of BM adipose tissue (BMAT) in humans.ObjectiveOur aim was to determine if BMAT is an insulin-sensitive tissue, and whether the insulin sensitivity is altered in obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2DM).DesignThis was a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.SettingThe study was conducted in a clinical research center.Patients or Other ParticipantsBone marrow adipose tissue glucose uptake (GU) was assessed in 23 morbidly obese subjects (9 with T2DM) and 9 healthy controls with normal body weight. In addition, GU was assessed in another 11 controls during cold exposure. Bone marrow adipose tissue samples for molecular analyses were collected from non-DM patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.Intervention(s)Obese subjects were assessed before and 6 months after bariatric surgery and controls at 1 time point.Main Outcome MeasureWe used positron emission tomography imaging with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose tracer to characterize GU in femoral and vertebral BMAT. Bone marrow adipose tissue molecular profile was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsInsulin enhances GU in human BMAT. Femoral BMAT insulin sensitivity was impaired in obese patients with T2DM compared to controls, but it improved after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that BMAT was distinct from brown and white adipose tissue.ConclusionsBone marrow adipose tissue is a metabolically active, insulin-sensitive and molecularly distinct fat depot that may play a role in whole body energy metabolism.
Autoimmune Hypercalcemia Due to Autoantibodies Against the Calcium-sensing Receptor
Authors: Miñambres Inka , Corcoy Rosa , Weetman Anthony P , Kemp E Helen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Context
Autoimmune hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (AHH) is an acquired disorder caused by the presence of blocking autoantibodies against the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Few cases of this condition have been described to date in the literature.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to describe 2 patients in whom the presence of AHH was suspected and to assess the patients for the presence of CaSR antibodies.

Methods
CaSR antibodies were detected and characterised by immunoprecipitation assays, CaSR peptide ELISAs, and functional assays based on the calcium-stimulated accumulation of inositol-1-phosphate in a mammalian cell line expressing the CaSR.

Results
Both patients presented with an acquired form of hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. Mutational analyses of CASR, GNA11, and AP2S1 for familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia were negative. According to the presence of Hashimoto’s disease in 1 patient and latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood and thyroid autoimmunity in the other, AHH was suspected. Immunoprecipitation assays detected CaSR antibodies in both patients. Analysis of the antibody binding sites revealed 2 main epitopes at amino acids 41–69 and 114–126. Preincubation with purified CaSR antibodies against epitope 114–126 resulted in a significant decrease in inositol-1-phophate accumulation upon calcium-stimulation of mammalian cells expressing the CaSR, suggesting that the antibodies had receptor-blocking activity.

Conclusions
AHH is to be suspected in patients with an acquired biochemical pattern of PTH-dependant hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, especially in those with other concomitant autoimmune diseases. Diagnosis by means of detecting CaSR antibodies may help to better characterise this probably under-reported condition.
Animal Models to Understand the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Walters Kirsty A , Campbell Rebecca E , Benrick Anna , Giacobini Paolo , Dumesic Daniel A , Abbott David H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMore than 1 out of 10 women worldwide are diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the leading cause of female reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Despite its high prevalence, PCOS and its accompanying morbidities are likely underdiagnosed, averaging &gt; 2 years and 3 physicians before women are diagnosed. Although it has been intensively researched, the underlying cause(s) of PCOS have yet to be defined. In order to understand PCOS pathophysiology, its developmental origins, and how to predict and prevent PCOS onset, there is an urgent need for safe and effective markers and treatments. In this review, we detail which animal models are more suitable for contributing to our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS. We summarize and highlight advantages and limitations of hormonal or genetic manipulation of animal models, as well as of naturally occurring PCOS-like females.
Exploring the beliefs and experiences of older Irish adults and family carers during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: A qualitative study protocol
Authors: Robinson Katie , O'Neill Aoife , Conneely Mairead , Morrissey AnnMarie , Leahy Siobhan , Meskell Pauline , Pettigrew Judi , Galvin Rose 
Published: April 2020

Background: In December 2019 a novel human coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China (Wu et al, 2020). The virus subsequently spread to most countries worldwide and the World Health Organisation characterised the outbreak a pandemic on March 11th 2020 (WHO, 2020a). Older age is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 (Chen et al., 2020). In March 2020, the Irish Government introduced 'cocooning' as a measure for those over 70 years of age to minimise interactions with others by not leaving their homes (Dept. of Health, 2020). The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique threats to the health and well-being of older adults. This study aims to explore the longitudinal experiences and beliefs of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings will be important for tailoring supports, interventions and public health information for this population. Methods: A longitudinal exploratory qualitative study will be conducted using repeated semi-structured telephone interviews with a convenient sample of older adults recruited from participants of an older adult and family carer stakeholder panel for health services research established by the Ageing Research Centre (ARC) at the University of Limerick and through known older adult contacts of ARC academic members. Interviews will be audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a reflexive approach to thematic analysis. Participants will have the opportunity to review and discuss preliminary analysis of the interview data and to co-write / design dissemination materials. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval has been granted by the Faculty of Education and Health Sciences University of Limerick, Research Ethics Committee (2020_03_51_EHS (ER)). Findings will be disseminated through open access journal publications and distribution of lay summaries, a press release and an infographic to organisations of and for older people in Ireland, broadcast and print media.
Potential of methane and carbon dioxide in vitro production by Urochloa hybrid subjected to periods of coexistence with weeds
Authors: Meurer Edenilson , Brito Sara Carvalho de , Marchi Sidnei Roberto de , Pinheiro Guilherme Henrique Rodrigues , Martins Dagoberto 
Published: April 2020

The increased world population has raised the demand for animal proteins, forcing livestock to become productive, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. This study aimed to assess the effect of weed coexistence on productivity, nutritional quality, and potential production of greenhouse gases (GHG) by Convert HD364 grass (Urochloa hibrida cv. Mulato II) under pasture renovation conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and treatments consisting of eight coexistence periods: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days after seedling emergence. Phytosociological assessments were performed in the weed community at the end of each coexistence period. The Convert HD364 grass was assessed for the morphological and chemical-bromatological parameters and for the GHG emission potential. Productivity, nutritional quality, and energy value of the Convert HD364 grass decreased proportionally with the increased period of weed coexistence. The non-coexistence with weeds results in a better in vitro digestibility of organic matter and, consequently, decreases the potential of GHG emission by the dry matter of the Convert HD364 grass.
Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages from Wastewater and its Application in Pathogen Reduction
Authors: Sharma Sonika , Datta Sibnarayan , Chatterjee Soumya , Vairale Mohan G. , Prasad Rajesh Kumar , Das Bidisha , . Vanlalhmuaka 
Published: April 2020

Present work wasperformedto isolate, enrich and characterizebacteriophageusing basic laboratory set-up, and to demonstrate their lytic potential in pathogen reduction. Following standard microbiological and molecular biological procedures, we examined cultivable bacteria and bacteriophages in wastewater sample. Subsequently, from cultures of wastewater sample, we isolated and characterized bacterial isolate, which was thenusedtoenrichlytic bacteriophages, using a combination of double layer plaque-assay, isolation and genetic techniques to isolate bacteriophage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Subsequently decontamination capability of this phage was assessed in form of spray and matrix adsorbed formulations. Storage stability of phagepreparations at different temperatures was also studied by calculating reduction in phage titer. Presentstudies demonstratelytic potential of phageas an eco-friendly alternative to conventional control approachesagainstbacterial contamination.
Thermostable cellulase biosynthesis from Paenibacillus alvei and its utilization in lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Authors: Mostafa Yasser S. , Alamri Saad A. , Hashem Mohamed , Nafady Nivien A. , Abo-Elyousr Kamal A.M. , Mohamed Zakaria A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCellulosic date palm wastes may have beneficial biotechnological applications for eco-friendly utilization. This study reports the isolation of thermophilic cellulase-producing bacteria and their application in lactic acid production using date palm leaves. The promising isolate was identified as Paenibacillus alvei by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maximum cellulase production was acquired using alkaline treated date palm leaves (ATDPL) at 48 h and yielded 4.50 U.mL-1 FPase, 8.11 U.mL-1 CMCase, and 2.74 U.mL-1 β-glucosidase. The cellulase activity was optimal at pH 5.0 and 50°C with good stability at a wide temperature (40-70°C) and pH (4.0-7.0) range, demonstrating its suitability in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation was optimized at 4 days, pH 5.0, 50°C, 6.0% cellulose of ATDPL, 30 FPU/ g cellulose, 1.0 g. L-1 Tween 80, and 5.0 g. L-l yeast extract using Lactobacillus delbrueckii. The conversion efficiency of lactic acid from the cellulose of ATDPL was 98.71%, and the lactic acid productivity was 0.719 g. L-1 h-1. Alkaline treatment exhibited a valuable effect on the production of cellulases and lactic acid by reducing the lignin content and cellulose crystallinity. The results of this study offer a credible procedure for using date palm leaves for microbial industrial applications.