bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soziotechnisch – agil – lean: Konzepte und Vorgehensweisen für Arbeits- und Organisationsgestaltung in Digitalisierungsprozessen
Authors: Bendel Alexander , Latniak Erich 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem konzeptionellen Beitrag für die Zeitschrift „Gruppe – Interaktion – Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO)“ werden leane, agile und soziotechnische Konzepte der Arbeitsgestaltung beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Digitalisierung benötigen die Akteur*innen betrieblicher Arbeitsgestaltung mehr denn je Orientierungswissen. Derzeit dominieren diesbezüglich Ansätze, die sich an agilen und Lean-Production- bzw. Lean-Mangement-Konzepten orientieren. Punktuell wird auch an soziotechnische Konzepte (STS-D) der Arbeitsgestaltung angeknüpft (insbesondere in der Informatik). Allerdings ist die praktische Umsetzung der Konzepte aber einerseits deutlich diverser und hybrider als es in den Konzepttexten nahegelegt wird. Andererseits lassen sich selbst auf konzeptioneller Ebene nicht immer eindeutige Unterschiede zwischen agilen, leanen und soziotechnischen Prinzipien der System- und Arbeitsgestaltung ausmachen. Es wird dargelegt, dass soziotechnische Konzepte insbesondere aufgrund ihrer Berücksichtigung technischer Arbeitsmittel, ihrer Verfahrenshinweise in Veränderungsprozessen sowie aufgrund des Vorhandenseins von Evaluationskriterien den Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung am adäquatesten zu begegnen scheinen. Agile und Lean-Konzepte sollten folglich um soziotechnische Elemente der Arbeitsgestaltung ergänzt werden.
Roses: the latest chapter in the conflicted history of controlling irrigation water in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Mena-Vásconez Patricio , Boelens Rutgerd , Vos Jeroen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe history of the Pisque watershed in the Ecuadorian Andes is one of local livelihoods and resources being disrupted by external actors: Incas in Pre-Columbian times, Spaniards during the era of Conquest and Colonisation, and, during the Republic, white-mestizo elites followed by international businesses. Local communities have suffered from, rebelled against, and adapted to adverse, ever-changing socioeconomic, environmental, and political conditions. We trace this history from a political–ecological standpoint, applying the Echelons of Rights Analysis framework and the hydrosocial territory concept to examine conflicts over resources, norms, authorities, and discourses related to irrigation water. The centuries-old saga of battles over water in Pisque helps us understand the latest chapter in the story: the onset of rose agribusinesses, inheritors of the privileges of colonial haciendas. The recent arrival (ca. ten years ago) of small locally managed greenhouses adds complexity to the “food vs. flowers” dichotomy. It also makes it difficult to predict the effects on local attitudes to food security, water justice, and sovereignty.
Safety of Early Administration of Apixaban on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Yoshimura Shinichi , Uchida Kazutaka , Sakai Nobuyuki , Imamura Hirotoshi , Yamagami Hiroshi , Tanaka Kanta , Ezura Masayuki , Nonaka Tadashi , Matsumoto Yasushi , Shibata Masunari , Ohta Hajime , Morimoto Masafumi , Fukawa Norihito , Hatano Taketo , Enomoto Yukiko , Takeuchi Masataka , Ota Takahiro , Shimizu Fuminori , Kimura Naoto , Kamiya Yuki , Shimamura Norito , Morimoto Takeshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEarly administration of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is a concern, as endovascular therapy (EVT) became highly utilized. We conducted a historical and prospective multicenter registry at 38 centers in Japan from July 2016 to February 2018. Patients aged ≥ 20 years with NVAF and acute LVO or stenosis who received apixaban within 14 days from onset were included. We compared patients who received apixaban < 48 h (Early group) and ≥ 48 h (Late group) after onset in terms of the primary outcome (a composite of ischemic events, major bleeding events, and all-cause deaths). The secondary outcomes were each component of the primary outcome. Among the 686 patients, the median time from onset to administration was 2.5 days (range, 0–14; Early 263, Late 423). The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-ASPECTS) were significantly higher in the Early group than in the Late group. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and EVT were more utilized in the Early group (rt-PA 46% vs. 35%, p = 0.003; EVT 62% vs. 46%, p < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of primary outcome was similar between groups (ischemic events: Early 1.9% vs. Late 0.5% at 30 days; 3.5% vs. 0.7% at 90 days, major bleeding 3.4% vs. 2.9% at 30 days; 5.0% vs. 3.4% at 90 days). Early administration of apixaban (< 48 h), after onset of acute LVO in patients with NVAF, was generally safe compared with those who received it Late (≥ 48 h). http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02818868 (June 30, 2016)
Electrochemical Compression Technologies for High-Pressure Hydrogen: Current Status, Challenges and Perspective
Authors: Zou Jiexin , Han Ning , Yan Jiangyan , Feng Qi , Wang Yajun , Zhao Zhiliang , Fan Jiantao , Zeng Lin , Li Hui , Wang Haijiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydrogen is an ideal energy carrier in future applications due to clean byproducts and high efficiency. However, many challenges remain in the application of hydrogen, including hydrogen production, delivery, storage and conversion. In terms of hydrogen storage, two compression modes (mechanical and non-mechanical compressors) are generally used to increase volume density in which mechanical compressors with several classifications including reciprocating piston compressors, hydrogen diaphragm compressors and ionic liquid compressors produce significant noise and vibration and are expensive and inefficient. Alternatively, non-mechanical compressors are faced with issues involving large-volume requirements, slow reaction kinetics and the need for special thermal control systems, all of which limit large-scale development. As a result, modular, safe, inexpensive and efficient methods for hydrogen storage are urgently needed. And because electrochemical hydrogen compressors (EHCs) are modular, highly efficient and possess hydrogen purification functions with no moving parts, they are becoming increasingly prominent. Based on all of this and for the first time, this review will provide an overview of various hydrogen compression technologies and discuss corresponding structures, principles, advantages and limitations. This review will also comprehensively present the recent progress and existing issues of EHCs and future hydrogen compression techniques as well as corresponding containment membranes, catalysts, gas diffusion layers and flow fields. Furthermore, engineering perspectives are discussed to further enhance the performance of EHCs in terms of the thermal management, water management and the testing protocol of EHC stacks. Overall, the deeper understanding of potential relationships between performance and component design in EHCs as presented in this review can guide the future development of anticipated EHCs.Graphic Abstract
Effekte der Konzeption „Lesen durch Schreiben“ auf verschiedene Teilbereiche lauttreuer und orthografischer Verschriftung in der Mitte des ersten Schuljahres
Authors: Hess Miriam , Denn Ann-Katrin , Kirschhock Eva-Maria , Lorenz-Krause Alena , Lipowsky Frank 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung„Lesen durch Schreiben“ (Jürgen Reichen) ist eine Konzeption für den Schriftspracherwerb, in der die Kinder mit einer Anlauttabelle schreiben lernen, ohne dass eine Korrektur von Fehlern erfolgt. Anhand von differenzierten, qualitativen Fehleranalysen frei geschriebener Texte von 507 Kindern aus 31 ersten Klassen wird mehrebenenanalytisch untersucht, ob die Bedeutung, die diese Konzeption im Unterricht des ersten Schuljahres spielt, unter Kontrolle schriftsprachlicher Vorläuferfertigkeiten Effekte auf verschiedene Teilbereiche lauttreuer und orthografischer Verschriftung hat. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kinder, in deren Unterricht „Lesen durch Schreiben“ laut Lehrperson eine größere Rolle spielt, insgesamt mehr Wörter falsch schreiben als Kinder, in deren Unterricht „Lesen durch Schreiben“ eine geringere Rolle spielt. Dieser Unterschied ist auf eine höhere Anzahl orthografisch falsch geschriebener Wörter zurückzuführen, während die Anzahl nicht lautgetreu verschrifteter Wörter in keinem systematischen Zusammenhang zur Rolle von „Lesen durch Schreiben“ in den jeweiligen Klassen steht.
Comparison of bilateral ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block versus transverses abdominis nerve block for postoperative pain management for parturient undergoing elective cesarean section in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abiy Sileshi , Ayalew Nugusu , Eshete Akine , Aweke Zemedu , Mergia Getachew , Mulugeta Hailemariam , Neme Derartu , Mola Simeneh 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pain is one of the most common complaints and causes of distress in the perioperative period. The postoperative pain after cesarean section is believed to be of mild to moderate intensity lasting for up to 72 h. Apart from patient preferences, several factors affect choices of analgesia in a resource-limited setting like Ethiopia. Availability of resources, trained manpower, and inter-individual variation in pain threshold was among the factors affecting analgesia choices. Thus, this study aims to compare TAP block versus II/IH block for post-cesarean delivery analgesia in resource-limited areas where the ultrasound-guided block is not practiced.

Method:
A randomized controlled trial study was conducted in Dilla university referral hospital. Pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section were randomized to either TAP block (n = 36) or II/IH block (n = 36) for postoperative pain management. The sample size was calculated using a G-power version 3.1.9.2 getting a total of 72 participants. Pain severity, total tramadol consumption, and time to first analgesic request were assessed during the first 72 h postoperatively. Manny Whitney U-test and independent t-test were used based on the distribution of data. A Kaplan Meier analysis was used to assess' proportion of patients who did not require analgesia for a 48 h follow up period.

Result:
The cumulative median tramadol consumption over 48 h were 100 mg for TAP group and 150 mg for II/IH (p = 0.018). The median tramadol consumption at 24hr. and 36 h were also lower in the TAP group compared to II-IH (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding time to first analgesia request (p > 0.05). The median pain score at 36hr. and 48hr. were lower in the TAP group (3 and 4) compared to the II-IH group (4 and 6) respectively (p < 0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between groups regarding the postoperative side effects and complications.

Conclusion:
Both II-IH and TAP block had comparable analgesic efficacy during the first 24hr. TAP block had longer analgesic effectiveness compared to II-IH with an effect lasting for 48hr.

Highlights:
Antiretroviral treatment failure among HIV-positive adults taking first-line therapy and associated risk factors at Adigrat General hospital, Adigart, Ethiopia 2019: A cross sectional study
Authors: Demsie Desalegn Getnet , Bantie Abere Tilahun , Allene Mengesha Dessie , Alema Niguse Meles , Gebrie Desye 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major public health problem globally. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to profound reduction in the incidence of mortality. However, effective treatment is challenged by the treatment failure. Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) Failure may predispose patients to new or recurrent clinical condition.

Objective:
This study was designed to assess virological and immunological failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy users and associated risk factors at Adigrat General Hospital, Adigrat, Ethiopia.

Methods:
Institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted. Data were collected by pre-tested structured checklist. The data were entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported into SPSS version 22.0 for analyses. The association between variables was analyzed using multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. The results were presented using text, tables and figure.

Result:
Seven hundred eighty four patients were included in this study. Of all study participants, 508 (64.8%) were females. More than half participants 376 (47.96%) were in the age range of (31–45) years. The overall prevalence of treatment failure was 27.48%; of this 12.35% of the participants developed immunologic failure and 4.70% of them had both immunologic and virologic failure. Factors that were significantly associated with treatment failure following multivariable analysis were rural resident [AOR = 3.6; 95% CI (1.11–7.36)], WHO stage III/IV [AOR = 2.7; 95% CI (1.21–5.08)], baseline CD4 count (cells/mm3) less than 199 [AOR = 8.11; 95% CI (2.46–19.54)], treatment interruption [AOR = 5.4; 95% CI (2.61–10.45)], poor drug adherence [AOR = 5.9; 95% CI (1.15–12.43)] and TB/HIV co-infection [AOR = 4.6; 95% CI (1.33–12.12).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of ART failure was higher. Multivariate analysis showed that rural residency, WHO clinical stage III/IV, baseline CD4 count (cells/mm3) less than 200, treatment interruption, poor drug adherence, opportunistic infections and TB/HIV co-infection were significantly associated with treatment failure.

Highlights:
A class of simple non-weight modules over the virasoro algebra
Authors: Chen Haibo , Han JianZhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Virasoro algebra$\mathcal {L}$is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra with basis {Lm,C|m ∈ ℤ} and relations [Lm,Ln] = (n − m)Lm+n + δm+n,0((m3 − m)/12)C, [Lm,C] = 0 form,n ∈ ℤ. Let$\mathfrak a$be the subalgebra of$\mathcal {L}$spanned byLifori ≥ −1. For any triple (μ, λ, α) of complex numbers with μ ≠ 0, λ ≠ 0 and any non-trivial$\mathfrak a$-moduleVsatisfying the condition: for anyv ∈ Vthere exists a non-negative integermsuch thatLiv = 0 for alli ≥ m, non-weight$\mathcal {L}$-modules on the linear tensor product ofVand ℂ[∂], denoted by$\mathcal {M}(V,\mu ,\Omega (\lambda ,\alpha ))\ (\Omega (\lambda ,\alpha )=\mathbb {C}[\partial ]$as vector spaces), are constructed in this paper. We prove that$\mathcal {M}(V,\mu ,\Omega (\lambda ,\alpha ))$is simple if and only ifμ ≠ 1, λ ≠ 0,α ≠ 0. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for two such simple$\mathcal {L}$-modules being isomorphic. Finally, these simple$\mathcal {L}$-modules$\mathcal {M}(V,\mu ,\Omega (\lambda ,\alpha ))$are proved to be new forVnot being the highest weight$\mathfrak a$-module whose highest weight is non-zero.
Neuropsychological Change After a Single Season of Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football
Authors: Maerlender Arthur , Smith Eric , Brolinson P. Gunnar , Crisco Joseph , Urban Jillian , Ajamil Amaris , Rowson Steven , Campolettano Eamon T. , Gellner Ryan A. , Bellamkonda Srinidhi , Kieffer Emily , Kelley Mireille E. , Jones Derek , Powers Alex , Beckwith Jonathan , Stitzel Joel , Greenwald Richard M. , Duma Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectives:Head impact exposure (HIE) in youth football is a public health concern. The objective of this study was to determine if one season of HIE in youth football was related to cognitive changes.Method:Over 200 participants (ages 9–13) wore instrumented helmets for practices and games to measure the amount of HIE sustained over one season. Pre- and post-season neuropsychological tests were completed. Test score changes were calculated adjusting for practice effects and regression to the mean and used as the dependent variables. Regression models were calculated with HIE variables predicting neuropsychological test score changes.Results:For the full sample, a small effect was found with season average rotational values predicting changes in list-learning such that HIE was related to negative score change: standardized beta (β) = -.147, t(205) = -2.12, and p = .035. When analyzed by age clusters (9–10, 11–13) and adding participant weight to models, the R2 values increased. Splitting groups by weight (median split), found heavier members of the 9–10 cohort with significantly greater change than lighter members. Additionaly, significantly more participants had clinically meaningful negative changes: X2 = 10.343, p = .001.Conclusion:These findings suggest that in the 9–10 age cluster, the average seasonal level of HIE had inverse, negative relationships with cognitive change over one season that was not found in the older group. The mediation effects of age and weight have not been explored previously and appear to contribute to the effects of HIE on cognition in youth football players.
From liberal interventionism to stabilisation: A new consensus on norm-downsizing in interventions in Africa
Authors: MOE LOUISE WIUFF , GEIS ANNA 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article traces recent changes of the practices and justifications of the use of force in intervention, in the context of African security governance, highlighting how these changes interact with norm transformations at the scale of the global order. In doing so, it conveys how a long-standing pattern of norm contestation between international and African actors over external intervention vs sovereignty, has started to give way to a mutually accepted division of labour. After 9/11, the paradigm of liberal interventionism has been incrementally replaced by the framework of stabilisation, with a re-prioritisation of sovereigntist agendas. This has increased collaboration between international and African actors, specifically prompting the United Nations and the African Union to divide tasks of mandating and enforcement, thereby increasing inter-institutional ‘order’. This consensus, however, far from signifying wider compliance with ‘liberal ordering’ principles, rather indicates the need to revisit central assumptions of the International Relations norm diffusion literature. While the latter emphasises the diffusion of ‘good’ international norms, especially pertaining to human rights and democratisation, the growing consensus on ‘intervention as stabilisation’ instead exposes how post-9/11 justifications of practices that carry the potential to downsize the scope of such norms, are starting to resonate across international, regional and national sites of policy and practice.
Atmospheric Dust Inputs, Iron Cycling, and Biogeochemical Connections in the South Pacific Ocean From Thorium Isotopes
Authors: Pavia Frank J. , Anderson Robert F. , Winckler Gisela , Fleisher Martin Q. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne of the primary sources of micronutrients to the sea surface in remote ocean regions is the deposition of atmospheric dust. Geographic patterns in biogeochemical processes such as primary production and nitrogen fixation that require micronutrients like iron (Fe) are modulated in part by the spatial distribution of dust supply. Global models of dust deposition rates are poorly calibrated in the open ocean, owing to the difficulty of determining dust fluxes in sparsely sampled regions. We present new estimates of dust and Fe input rates from measurements of dissolved and particulate thorium isotopes 230Th and 232Th on the FS Sonne SO245 section (GEOTRACES process study GPpr09) in the South Pacific. We first discuss high‐resolution upper water column profiles of Th isotopes and the implications for the systematics of dust flux reconstructions from seawater Th measurements. We find dust fluxes in the center of the highly oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre that are the lowest of any mean annual dust input rates measured in the global oceans, but that are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those estimated by global dust models. We also determine dust‐borne Fe fluxes and reassess the importance of individual Fe sources to the surface South Pacific Gyre, finding that dust dissolution, not vertical or lateral diffusion, is the primary Fe source. Finally, we combine our estimates of Fe flux in dust with previously published cellular and enzymatic quotas to determine theoretical upper limits on annual average nitrogen fixation rates for a given Fe deposition rate.
Macroscopic Flow Disequilibrium Over Aeolian Dune Fields
Authors: Gunn A. , Schmutz P. , Wanker M. , Edmonds D. A. , Ewing R. C. , Jerolmack D. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAeolian dune fields are self‐organized patterns formed by wind‐blown sand. Dunes are topographic roughness elements that impose drag on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), creating a natural coupling between form and flow. While the steady‐state influence of drag on the ABL is well studied, nonequilibrium effects due to roughness transitions are less understood. Here we examine the large‐scale coupling between the ABL and an entire dune field. Field observations at White Sands, New Mexico, reveal a concomitant decline in wind speed and sand flux downwind of the transition from smooth playa to rough dunes at the upwind dune‐field margin, that affects the entire ∼10‐km ‐long dune field. Using a theory for the system that accounts for the observations, we generalize to other roughness scenarios. We find that, via transitional ABL dynamics, aeolian sediment aggradation can be influenced by roughness both inside and outside dune fields.
Developmental excitation-inhibition imbalance underlying psychoses revealed by single-cell analyses of discordant twins-derived cerebral organoids
Authors: Sawada Tomoyo , Chater Thomas E. , Sasagawa Yohei , Yoshimura Mika , Fujimori-Tonou Noriko , Tanaka Kaori , Benjamin Kynon J. M. , Paquola Apuã C. M. , Erwin Jennifer A. , Goda Yukiko , Nikaido Itoshi , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite extensive genetic and neuroimaging studies, detailed cellular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and bipolar disorder remain poorly understood. Recent progress in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies enables identification of cell-type-specific pathophysiology. However, its application to psychiatric disorders is challenging because of methodological difficulties in analyzing human brains and the confounds due to a lifetime of illness. Brain organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of the patients are a powerful avenue to investigate the pathophysiological processes. Here, we generated iPSC-derived cerebral organoids from monozygotic twins discordant for psychosis. scRNA-seq analysis of the organoids revealed enhanced GABAergic specification and reduced cell proliferation following diminished Wnt signaling in the patient, which was confirmed in iPSC-derived forebrain neuronal cells. Two additional monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia also confirmed the excess GABAergic specification of the patients’ neural progenitor cells. With a well-controlled genetic background, our data suggest that unbalanced specification of excitatory and inhibitory neurons during cortical development underlies psychoses.