bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma at Felegehiwot Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia: a case-control study
Authors: Chekol Dessalegn , Bedimo Melkamu , Mulugeta Yihun , Bantie Getasew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The global burden of cancer continues to increase largely because of the aging and growth of the world population alongside an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify determinants of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma cancer among individuals who were diagnosed at Felegehiwot specialized hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2019.Methods An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at Felegehiwot Specialized hospital from December 2018 up to June 2019. The sample size calculated using the two population proportion formula with 1:2 cases to control ratio. Then the final sample size was 486, (162cases and 324 controls). The simple random sampling method was employed to catch up with the estimated samples. The collected data entered into Epi-data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were computed. Simple logistic analysis was run (at 95% CI and p-value < 0.05) to identify factors associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Result: A total of 486 patients participated. Larger portion of cases (34%) and controls (35.2%) were in the age group of 46-60 years. About 90% of cases and 91% of controls were Orthodox Christian. Having monthly income of < 28 dollar [AOR=2.73; 95% CI (1.8, 4.2)], being male sex [AOR=1.8; 95% CI (1.2, 2.8)], ever had chemical exposure, [AOR=11.9; 95% CI (7.6, 18.8)], had no regular physical exercise [AOR=15.5, 95% CI (5.7, 42.3)] and having hypertension [AOR=0.03; 95% CI (0.005,0.2)], lung disease (COPD) [AOR=0.2; 95% CI (0.06, 0.7)], and other health problems [AOR=0.06; 95% CI (0.01, 0.2)] were the identified root causes for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Conclusions Having low monthly income, being male sex, ever had chemical exposure, not engaged in regular physical exercise and being diabetic patient was at an increased risk for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Current status of the clinical use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: a questionnaire survey of oncologists in China
Authors: Zhang Bicheng , Song Yuxiao , Fu Yang , Zhu Bo , Wang Baocheng , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective : The purpose of the present study was to obtain information on the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by oncologists in China through a national questionnaire survey. Materials and Methods : Between the 7th and 25th of July in 2019, a questionnaire designed by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Immuno-Oncology (CSCO-IO) Committee on the current status of the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was distributed online and offline to cancer-related medical departments in thirty different provinces and autonomous regions of China. The national questionnaire consisted of three sections as follows: general information, current status of the application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the clinic, and oncologists’ concerns regarding utilization. Results : The valid response rate of the current status survey was 76.3%. The proportion of senior doctors (physician-in-charge or a more superior position for more than three years) among the respondents was relatively high (67.0% in 588). Ofthe respondents,59.2% had prescribed PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors during clinical treatment, and the most frequent reason for not prescribing these inhibitors was the choice "do not understand the mechanism and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors". In addition, 77.9% of the prescribers used the medications in an off-labelsituation, and the most important motivation for this use was the fact that "there were indications abroad but not domestically". In addition, 77.9% of the prescribers believed that “immunotherapy-related adverse effects could be controlled or intervened through follow-up management”. The prescribers were mostly concerned about "how to identify pseudoprogression and hyperprogression" and "immunity-related adverse effects management". Conclusion : The present study highlights the current status of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in China. Increasing numbers ofmedical oncologists are interested in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, andthey are in need of immunotherapyeducation.
MR Imaging Features of Orbital Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Author) chunnan wu(Former Corresponding , li kuncheng , Hei yan , lan pengyu , Author) xuetao Mu(New Corresponding 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of orbital Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) to improve diagnostic accuracy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical manifestations and MRI findings of 23 patients with histopathology-confirmed LCH of the orbit. The findings were evaluated for the following: (a) symptoms, (b) disease duration，(c) location, (d) configuration, (e) margin, (f) MR imaging signal intensity and enhanced performance. Results: Eighteen patients (78%) in our series were male, only five (22%) patients were female, and the mean age at presentation was 6.3 years. The common symptoms include swollen eyelids, exophthalmos, and a palpable mass. Fourteen patients presented with swollen eyelids and/or exophthalmos. Twenty-two cases involved unilateral orbits, and one case involved bilateral orbits. In our study, there was one patient with cough and expectoration, and one patient with polydipsia and polyuria. Lesions were located in the superior or superlateral orbital roof of seventeen patients (74%). Lesions formed masses or irregular shapes. The 12 out of 23 (52.2%)cases appeared heterogeneous isointense and 10 out of 23 (43.5%) cases showed iso-hypointense on T1-weighted imaging, there were 15 out of 23 (65.2%) cases showed hyper-hypointense mixed signals on T2-weighted imaging. 7 cases found patchy hyperintense signal on T1WI, and 11 cases showed markedly hyperintense signal near the edge of lesions on T2WI. After enhancement, 21 out of 23 (91.3%) cases lesions presented marked enhancement at the edges and the surrounding tissues, and with heterogeneous obvious enhancement of the lesion center. Besides, four cases lesions were surrounded by a low circular signal. Conclusion: There were several characteristics MRI features that can provide crucial information for clinicians and improve our understanding and the diagnostic accuracy of the orbital LCH.
Study On the Effectiveness and Safety of Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body Implantation
Authors: Zhang Xiangyang , Tian Xuemin , Zhang Baike , Guo Lisa , Li Xiaodan , Jia Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate theefficacy and safety of the foldable capsular vitreous body(FCVB) in the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted involving 20 patients (20 eyes) who underwent FCVB implantation in our hospital from September 2017 to April 2018. All the patients underwent vitrectomyand FCVB implantation, a standard three-port vitrectomy was performed, and the FCVB was implanted into the vitreous cavity. At 6 months after surgery, the visual acuity chart, Goldmann applanation tonometer, fundus photography, B-ultrasound examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination were performed on the treated eyes.The patients’ vision, intraocular pressure, retinal reattachment, and FCVB status were observed. Results: Compared with the preoperative measurements, there was no change in visual acuity in 18 eyes at 6 months after FCVB implantation, and the difference was not significant (P=1.000); the intraocular pressure of these 18 eyes returned to normal, and the difference was significant (P=0.00001); in fundus photographyimages of these 18 eyes, B-ultrasound,OCT showed good retinal reattachment, FCVB distributed well in the vitreous cavity and evenly supported the vitreous retina and there was no obvious abnormality. The eyes were symmetrical, and the eyeball activity was normal. One patient developed eyeball atrophy after surgery, and one patient developed ocular inflammation after surgery. The condition improved after treatment. Conclusions: FCVB is an effective and safe vitreous substitute during the 6-month implantation period and is able to maintain eye shape, intraocular pressure and good aesthetics.
Purtscher-like retinopathy presented a honeycomb-like pattern in optical coherence topography angiography
Authors: Li Bing , Chen Youxin , Li Donghui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: To report a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy (PUR) and the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) findings before and after treatment. Case presentation: A 65-year-old male presented with acute onset of vision loss for 2 weeks. Fundus examination revealed cotton-wool spots, retinal haemorrhage, and Purtscher flecken spread around the optic disc in the right eye. He was diagnosed with Purtscher-like retinopathy because he lacked any traumatic medical history. OCT presented some band-like hyperreflective lesions at the inner nuclear layer, which are indicative of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). OCT-A revealed apparent reduction in blood flow signal at the deep retina and choriocapillaris layers with a honeycomb-like hypointense signal pattern. After 3 months of follow-up, OCT revealed resolution of retinal oedema, but PAMM lesions remained visible. Based on OCT-A, the honeycomb-like pattern turned into a homogeneous reduction in blood flow with small patches of hypointense signal areas in the choriocapillaris. Conclusion: This case presented a new OCT-A sign in PUR with a honeycomb-like hypointense signal at the choriocapillaris layer, indicating the involvement and ischaemia of the choroid during the pathological process.
Use of diluted poultry manure as a low-cost emulsifier for anaerobic digestion of used cooking oil
Authors: Eftaxias Alexandros , Gkalimanis Prodromos , Koskinari Maria Dolores , Koumara Alexandra , Diamantis Vasileios , Aivasidis Alexandros 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of diluted poultry manure (DPM) and used cooking oil (UCO). Mixtures of DPM with different UCO dosages (1 to 6% v/v) were prepared using a high-shear emulsifier and digested in batch anaerobic reactors. Increasing the UCO dosage increased the emulsion COD (from initially 64 to 182 g · L−1) but emulsion stability was affected adversely. UCO at the optimum dosage (1.5 to 2.0% v/v) was further digested in a semi-continuous mesophilic anaerobic reactor, to assess process feasibility at organic loading rates (OLRs) up to 8 g · L−1 · d−1. The reactor was stable, yielding biogas at 0.45 L · g−1 COD, with low supernatant COD (&lt;6 g · L−1), negligible VFA accumulation and no foaming.
Short-term flexibility for energy grids provided by wastewater treatment plants with anaerobic sludge digestion
Authors: Schäfer M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For a sustainable development of the energy sector – in the future – an additional potential of energetic flexibility as well as storage capacities will be required to compensate for fluctuating renewable energy production. The operation of energy systems will change and flexibility in energy generation and consumption will rise to become a valuable asset. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with anaerobic sludge digestion are capable of providing that needed flexibility, not only with their energy generators but also in terms of their energy consuming aggregates on the plant. Under these circumstances a methodical approach has been developed that can be used to select, evaluate and safely implement typical aggregates on WWTPs for flexible plant operation and the provision of energetic flexibility. Relevant key figures have been developed that reconcile requirements of the purification processes with technical-physical necessities as well as the demands of the energy market. Furthermore, restrictions and control parameters have been established which complement the developed key figures to ensure effluent quality. It was demonstrated that WWTPs are able to adapt their operation mode to external and internal requirements under controlled conditions. The existing flexibility is suitable for a variety of uses, and WWTPs in general are able to participate in today's and in future energy supply products and new business models. The results show that WWTPs have a significant potential to produce renewable energy and to provide energetic flexibility, which is needed to stabilize future renewable-energy-driven energy grids.
O Selo de Qualidade ABEOC BRASIL e a sua aplicabilidade às organizadoras de eventos em Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Belchior Maria Helena 
Published: November 2019

O estudo apresentado versa quanto à conhecer o selo de qualidade proposto pela Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Eventos (ABEOC). Pautou-se em métodos e técnicas concernentes à pesquisa de caráter descritivo, do tipo mista, utilizando-se como meios necessários à coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada, aplicação de questionários e realização de pesquisa documental. A criação do “Selo de Qualidade ABEOC Brasil”, de 2012 até 2015, contou com 236 empresas inscritas, das quais 225 participaram da etapa referente à aplicação e análise de avaliação diagnóstica. Destas, 99 estiveram aptas à realizar avaliação de conformidade para obtenção do selo sendo um total de 97 habilitadas ao recebimento, sete do estado de Pernambuco. Todo procedimento voltado à conquista do “Selo de Qualidade ABEOC Brasil” pelas empresas do setor de Eventos centrou-se, em aspectos gerais, nas etapas de avaliação diagnóstica preliminar, preparação das empresas para recebimento da auditoria e análise do grau de conformidade aos documentos base de avaliação sendo o processo conduzido por empresas específicas para tal fim. Como resultados nacionais identificou-se o alcance das metas previamente estabelecidas específicas a novas práticas de gestão, adesão das empresas à certificação, obtenção do selo e aumento de faturamento durante a execução do projeto. Verificou-se ainda a necessidade de avaliação acerca dos resultados percebidos à luz das empresas participantes em Pernambuco de modo a se equacionar questões envoltas à publicidade e a ampliação da divulgação dos benefícios intrínsecos àqueles que submeteram à certificação para um melhor atendimento, qualidade nos serviços prestados e ampliação de clientela.
Palavras-chave: ABEOC. Selo de Qualidade. Organizadoras de Eventos. Pernambuco.
Carnatal: A criatividade como ferramenta propulsora do turismo de eventos
Authors: Brito Gildygleide , Ferreira Lissa Valéria Fernandes 
Published: November 2019

O artigo trás reflexões sobre a relação entre os elementos criativos utilizados na projeção do Carnatal, assim como os identificados na realização do evento e sua potencialidade como produto turístico. Aponta o processo de estímulo da criatividade dos indivíduos que compõem a Destaque Promoções, empresa organizadora do evento e identifica os componentes capazes de proporcionar uma nova roupagem ao Carnatal, trazendo assim propostas inovadoras para sanar problemas recorrentes, assim como revestir a festividade com uma atmosfera intangível e repleta de subjetividade. Destaca o processo evolutivo do evento e as inovações incrementais aplicadas, da mesma maneira que contextualiza a empresa organizadora do evento. Apresenta dados que corroboram com a premissa do Carnatal como importante produto turístico da cidade de Natal/RN. Conclui que o turismo de eventos muito se beneficia com a realização anual do evento, todo o trade turístico local é atingido de forma positiva, à marca da cidade Natal é disseminada, o que leva a entender que o Carnatal desponta e se mantém não apenas como parte de um produto turístico maior, mas revela-se como o próprio.
Palavras-chave: Micareta. Carnatal. Turismo de Eventos. Criatividade.
A Review of the Role of Amelogenin Protein in Enamel Formation and Novel Experimental Techniques to Study its Function
Authors: Ali Saqib , Farooq Imran 
Published: November 2019

:Amelognein protein plays a vital role in the formation and mineralization of enamel matrix. Amelogenin structure is complex in nature and researchers have studied it with different experimental techniques. Considering its important role, there is a need to understand this important protein, which has been discussed in detail in this review. In addition, various experimental techniques to study amelogenin protein used previously have been tackled along with their advantages and disadvantages. A selection of 67 relevant articles/book chapters was included in this study. The review concluded that amelogenins act as nanospheres or spacers for the growth of enamel crystals. Various experimental techniques can be used to study amelogenins, however, their advantages and drawbacks should be kept in mind before performing analysis.
Nε-Acetyl L-α Lysine Improves Activity and Stability of α-Amylase at Acidic Conditions: A Comparative Study with other Osmolytes
Authors: Joghee Nidhya N. , Jayaraman Gurunathan , Selladurai Masilamani 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Nε-acetyl L-α lysine is an unusual acetylated di-amino acid synthesized
and accumulated by certain halophiles under osmotic stress. Osmolytes are generally known to
protect proteins and other cellular components under various stress conditions.

Objective:
The structural and functional stability imparted by Nε-acetyl L-lysine on proteins were
unknown and hence was studied and compared to other commonly known bacterial osmolytes -
ectoine, proline, glycine betaine, trehalose and sucrose.

Methods:
Effects of osmolytes on the temperature and pH profiles, pH stability and thermodynamic
stability of the model enzyme, α-amylase were analyzed.

Results:
At physiological pH, all the osmolytes under study increased the optimal temperature for
enzyme activity and improved the thermodynamic stability of the enzyme. At acidic conditions (pH
3.0), Nε-acetyl L-α lysine and ectoine improved both the catalytic and thermodynamic stability of
the enzyme; it was reflected in the increase in residual enzyme activity after incubation of the
enzyme at pH 3.0 for 15 min by 60% and 63.5% and the midpoint temperature of unfolding
transition by 11°C and 10°C respectively.

Conclusion:
Such significant protective effects on both activity and stability of α-amylase imparted
by addition of Nε-acetyl L-α lysine and ectoine at acidic conditions make these osmolytes
interesting candidates for biotechnological applications.
Gut-Amygdala Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developmental Roles via regulating Mitochondria, Exosomes, Immunity and microRNAs
Authors: Seo Moonsang , Anderson George 
Published: November 2019

Background:Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have long been conceived as developmental disorder. A growing body of data highlights a role for alterations in the gut in the pathoetiology and/or pathophysiology of ASD. Recent work shows alterations in the gut microbiome to have a significant impact on amygdala development in infancy, suggesting that the alterations in the gut microbiome may act to modulate not only amygdala development but how the amygdala modulates the development of the frontal cortex and other brain regions.Methods:This article reviews wide bodies of data pertaining to the developmental roles of the maternal and foetal gut and immune systems in the regulation of offspring brain development.Results:A number of processes seem to be important in mediating how genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors interact in early development to regulate such gut-mediated changes in the amygdala, wider brain functioning and inter-area connectivity, including via regulation of microRNA (miR)-451, 14-3-3 proteins, cytochrome P450 (CYP)1B1 and the melatonergic pathways. As well as a decrease in the activity of monoamine oxidase, heightened levels of in miR-451 and CYP1B1, coupled to decreased 14-3-3 act to inhibit the synthesis of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin, contributing to the hyperserotonemia that is often evident in ASD, with consequences for mitochondria functioning and the content of released exosomes. These same factors are likely to play a role in regulating placental changes that underpin the association of ASD with preeclampsia and other perinatal risk factors, including exposure to heavy metals and air pollutants. Such alterations in placental and gut processes act to change the amygdala-driven biological underpinnings of affect-cognitive and affect-sensory interactions in the brain.Conclusion :Such a perspective readily incorporates previously disparate bodies of data in ASD, including the role of the mu-opioid receptor, dopamine signaling and dopamine receptors, as well as the changes occurring to oxytocin and taurine levels. This has a number of treatment implications, the most readily applicable being the utilization of sodium butyrate and melatonin.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Severe Delayed Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Gomes Eva S.R. , Marques Maria L. , Regateiro Frederico S. 
Published: November 2019

:Severe delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions comprise different clinical entities and can involve different immune medSevere delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions comprise different clinical entities and can involve different immune-mediated mechanisms. Common examples are severe cutaneous adverse reactions and druginduced internal organ injuries.iated mechanisms. Common examples are severe cutaneous adverse reactions and drug induced internal organ injuries. The incidence of such reactions is overall low but seems to be on the rise reaching numbers as high as 9 per million individuals-years in the case of SJS/TEN and in DRESS. Such conditions carry an important associated morbidity, and mortality can attain 40% in SJS/TEN patients, making these hypersensitivity reactions important targets when implementing preventive measures. Several risk factors have been identified, some being transverse, for reactions severity as older age and underlying chronic diseases. The recent advances in pharmacogenetics allowed the identification of specific populations with higher risk and permitted strategic avoidance of certain drugs being HLA-B*57:01 screening in patients initiating abacavir the best successful example. In this work we reviewed the epidemiology of SCARs and liver/kidney/lung drug induced immune-mediated reactions. We focus in particular aspects such as prevalence and incidence, drugs involved, mortality and risk factors.:The incidence of such reactions is overall low but seems to be on the rise reaching numbers as high as 9 per million individuals-years in the case of SJS/TEN and DRESS. Such conditions carry an important associated morbidity, and mortality can attain 40% in SJS/TEN patients, making these hypersensitivity reactions important targets when implementing preventive measures.:Several risk factors have been identified for reaction severity; some are transverse, such as older age and underlying chronic diseases. The recent advances in pharmacogenetics allowed the identification of specific populations with higher risk and permitted strategic avoidance of certain drugs being HLA-B*57:01 screening in patients initiating abacavir the best successful example. In this work, we reviewed the epidemiology of SCARs and liver/kidney/lung drug-induced immune-mediated reactions. We focus on particular aspects such as prevalence and incidence, drugs involved, mortality and risk factors.