bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NPR1 is required for root colonization and the establishment of a mutualistic symbiosis between the beneficial bacterium Rhizobium radiobacter and barley
Authors: Kumar Neelendra , Galli Matteo , Dempsey D'Maris , Imani Jafargholi , Moebus Anna , Kogel Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2020

SummaryNon‐expressor of pathogenesis‐related genes 1 (NPR1) is a key regulator of plant innate immunity and systemic disease resistance. The model for NPR1 function is based on experimental evidence obtained largely from dicots; however, this model does not fit all aspects of Poaceae family, which includes major crops such as wheat, rice and barley. In addition, there is little scientific data on NPR1's role in mutualistic symbioses. We assessed barley (Hordeum vulgare) HvNPR1 requirement during the establishment of mutualistic symbiosis between barley and beneficial Alphaproteobacterium Rhizobium radiobacter F4 (RrF4). Upon RrF4 root‐inoculation, barley NPR1‐knockdown (KD‐hvnpr1) plants lost the typical spatiotemporal colonization pattern and supported less bacterial multiplication. Following RrF4 colonization, expression of salicylic acid marker genes were strongly enhanced in wild‐type roots; whereas in comparison, KD‐hvnpr1 roots exhibited little to no induction. Both basal and RrF4‐induced root‐initiated systemic resistance against virulent Blumeria graminis were impaired in leaves of KD‐hvnpr1. Besides these immune‐related differences, KD‐hvnpr1 plants displayed higher root and shoot biomass than WT. However, RrF4‐mediated growth promotion was largely compromised in KD‐hvnpr1. Our results demonstrate a critical role for HvNPR1 in establishing a mutualistic symbiosis between a beneficial bacterium and a cereal crop.
Does questioning strategy facilitate second language (L2) reading comprehension? The effects of comprehension measures and insights from reader perception
Authors: Liu Huan 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundExtensive second language (L2) reading research has examined the effects of comprehension strategies on comprehension performance. Often ignored, however, is the potential impact of comprehension measures that differ in cognitive complexity, which might cause potential bias when interpreting the (in)effectiveness of comprehension strategies.MethodWith a total of 54 Chinese learners of English at college in China, this study examined whether the effect of the questioning strategy (answering what and why questions while reading) on L2 reading comprehension of expository texts might vary by comprehension measure (short‐answer and multiple‐choice questions). L2 readers' perception of the questioning strategy was also thematically analysed.ResultsMixed‐effects modelling analyses revealed a significant interaction between the questioning strategy and comprehension measure, controlling for individual‐level differences in first language (L1) reading ability, L2 vocabulary size and topic familiarity. Using the questioning strategy significantly facilitated comprehension measured by short‐answer questions but not multiple‐choice questions. Three themes regarding L2 readers' perception of the questioning strategy were identified: memorising text details, understanding main ideas and disrupting reading fluency.ConclusionEvaluation of comprehension strategies needs to consider comprehension measures differing in response format and cognitive complexity. For positive effect to occur, there needs a match between cognitive processing triggered by a comprehension strategy and cognitive skills demanded to successfully complete a comprehension task.
Late Holocene environmental and climatic changes in the Western Sayan Mountains based on high‐resolution multi‐proxy data
Authors: Blyakharchuk Tatiana , Kurina Irina 
Published: December 2020

Southern Siberia is characterized by complex climatic and vegetation patterns, and the late‐Quaternary evolution of climate and vegetation in this vast region is still poorly understood. This study uses pollen, spores, testate amoebae and plant macrofossils to characterize environmental and climatic changes at Bezrybnoe Mire (Western Sayan Mountains, southern Central Siberia). Pollen data indicate permanent forest cover in the region during the Late Holocene and subtle variations in abundances of dominant taxa (Pinus sibirica,Abies sibirica,Larix,Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula). Higher values of Betula and Artemisia at the beginning of the record (>2500 cal. a BP, probably c. 3300 cal. a BP) and c. 420–140 cal. a BP suggest slight expansion of birch forest and steppe. The intervening period has higher values of dark taiga taxa, suggesting a shift to higher moisture levels. Superimposed on this longer‐term variation, the testate amoeba record of mire wetness reveals 12 sub‐millennial episodes of drier conditions (with a sample resolution of c. 50–90 years). Mire plant communities reacted to the high‐frequency fluctuations in moisture but with a delayed response of c. 30–40 years. Both the short‐ and long‐term variations in moisture show general concordance with neighbouring regional records and align with observed cultural changes of the Eurasian steppe region. These variations in moisture probably relate to the degree of penetration of the moisture‐bearing Westerlies into southern Siberia.
Pre-existing influenza-specific nasal IgA or nasal viral infection does not affect live attenuated influenza vaccine immunogenicity in children
Authors: Cole M E , Kundu R , Abdulla A F , Andrews N , Hoschler K , Southern J , Jackson D , Miller E , Zambon M , Turner P J , Tregoning J S 
Published: December 2020

Summary
The United Kingdom has a national immunization programme which includes annual influenza vaccination in school-aged children, using live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). LAIV is given annually, and it is unclear whether repeat administration can affect immunogenicity. Because LAIV is delivered intranasally, pre-existing local antibody might be important. In this study, we analysed banked samples from a study performed during the 2017/18 influenza season to investigate the role of pre-existing influenza-specific nasal immunoglobulin (Ig)A in children aged 6–14 years. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected prior to LAIV immunization to measure pre-existing IgA levels and test for concurrent upper respiratory tract viral infections (URTI). Oral fluid samples were taken at baseline and 21–28 days after LAIV to measure IgG as a surrogate of immunogenicity. Antibody levels at baseline were compared with a pre-existing data set of LAIV shedding from the same individuals, measured by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. There was detectable nasal IgA specific to all four strains in the vaccine at baseline. However, baseline nasal IgA did not correlate with the fold change in IgG response to the vaccine. Baseline nasal IgA also did not have an impact upon whether vaccine virus RNA was detectable after immunization. There was no difference in fold change of antibody between individuals with and without an URTI at the time of immunization. Overall, we observed no effect of pre-existing influenza-specific nasal antibody levels on immunogenicity, supporting annual immunization with LAIV in children.
Horizontal versus vertical plication of the rectovaginal septum in transperineal repair of anterior rectocele: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Omar Waleed , Elfallal Ahmed Hossam , Emile Sameh Hany , Elshobaky Ayman , Fouda Elyamani , Fathy Mohammad , Youssef Mohamed , El‐Said Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimAnterior rectocele is usually an asymptomatic condition in many women, yet it can be associated with obstructed defaecation syndrome (ODS). Transperineal repair of rectocele (TPR) has been followed by variable rates of improvement in ODS. The present pilot randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the outcome of TPR with vertical plication (VP) of the rectovaginal septum compared to horizontal plication (HP).MethodsAdult women with anterior rectocele were recruited to the study and were randomly allocated to one of two equal groups. The first group underwent TPR with VP of the rectovaginal septum and the second group underwent TPR with HP. The main outcome measures were improvement in ODS, recurrence of rectocele, complications and dyspareunia.ResultsThe trial included 40 female patients with anterior rectocele. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the postoperative Wexner score. Complete cure and significant improvement in ODS symptoms were comparable after the two techniques. The reduction in rectocele size after HP was significantly greater than after VP (1.7 vs. 2.6, P < 0.0001). Significant improvement in dyspareunia was recorded after HP (P = 0.001) but not after VP (P = 0.1). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to operating time, complications and recurrence.ConclusionVP and HP of the rectovaginal septum in TPR were associated with a comparable improvement in ODS symptoms and similar complication rates. HP was followed by a greater reduction in the rectocele size and greater improvement in dyspareunia than VP.
Benzodiazepine and Z drug cessation in elderly patients: A qualitative study on the perception of healthcare providers and the place of advanced practice nurses
Authors: Lefebvre‐Durel Camille , Bailly Isabelle , Hunault Johanna , Jovic Ljiljana , Novic Martine , Vorspan Florence , Bellivier Frank , Drunat Olivier , Kerever Sébastien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSedative‐use disorder can occur in elderly individuals, but remains a taboo subject. France is the second top‐consuming country of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z drugs in Europe, with 38% of women >80 years old using these drugs. Despite the recommendations of the French National Authority for Health (HAS) to general practitioners, deprescription remains rare. The aim of this study was to understand the perception of healthcare providers towards BZD or Z drug withdrawal within a psychogeriatric unit and to provide insights from advanced practice nurses (APRNs) on this topic. Eight healthcare providers from different professions in a psychogeriatric unit were interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the data were analysed following the interpretive phenomenological approach. The COREQ statement was used as a guide in the reporting of the study. Four themes were identified in the interview transcripts: (i) problems specific to the elderly; (ii) problems specific to BZD or Z drug consumption; (iii) present care; and (iv) envisioned practice. While the healthcare providers interviewed appeared to have knowledge on the adverse effects of BZDs, it appears difficult to taper the use of BZDs outside crisis periods of behaviour disorders in elderly patients. Caregivers recommend an evolution of practices, such as introducing BDZ and Z drug withdrawal programs that could involve the emerging profession of APRNs in general practice in France. APRNs could be a valuable resource to screen for BZD‐related disorders and to manage withdrawal strategies in complex cases.
Identification of potential circRNAs and circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network in the development of diabetic foot ulcers by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Tian Ming , Dong Jiaoyun , Yuan Bo , Jia Huiying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to explore the mechanism of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and provide potential biomarkers for molecular therapy of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Gene expression profile of GSE114248, including five normal samples and five DFU samples, was downloaded from GEO database. Differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) between two groups were identified. Then, DEcircRNA‐miRNA and miRNA‐mRNA interaction was revealed, followed by the circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network construction. Moreover, functional and pathway analysis were performed based on mRNAs, followed by the DM‐related pathway exploration. Specific binding sites for key circRNAs and associated miRNAs were under investigation. Finally, RT‐qPCR was used to verify the candidate the relative expression level of circRNA between normal tissues and DFU. Totally, 65 DEcircRNAs were revealed between two groups, followed by 113 circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA interactions explored. The mRNAs in these interactions were mainly assembled in functions like cell proliferation and pathways. Moreover, a total of 11 DM‐related pathways were revealed. Finally, circRNA‐miRNA specific binding‐site analysis revealed two key circRNAs, for example, circRNA_072697 and circRNA_405463, corresponding to their miRNAs. These two circRNAs were novel biomarkers for DFU. circRNA_072697 acted as a sponge of miR‐3150a‐3p in the progression of DFU via regulating KRAS. MAPK signaling pathway might contribute to the development of DFU.
A systematic review of supportive interventions to promote women's comfort and well‐being during induction of labour
Authors: Evans Kerry , Sands Gina , Spiby Helen , Evans Catrin , Pallotti Phoebe , Eldridge Jeanette 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological non‐invasive supportive interventions for impacts on women's comfort and well‐being during induction of labour.DesignA quantitative systematic review without meta‐analysis.Data SourcesDatabases were searched for primary research published in English between 2000–2019: AMED, CINAHL, Medline, Maternity and Infant Care database, PsycINFO, and ProQuest. The quality of studies was evaluated using JBI levels of evidence and established critical appraisal tools. Studies describing measures of comfort, coping, and well‐being for women during induction of labour were included.ResultsTwo articles met the criteria for inclusion. There is limited evidence to suggest that women having outpatient cervical priming were more satisfied with their experience than women having inpatient cervical priming and that outpatient cervical priming did not increase women's anxiety. A specifically designed information brochure explaining the induction process improved women's knowledge and understanding.Review MethodsThe quantitative systematic review followed the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines and Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care guidance. Quality appraisal was conducted using JBI levels of evidence, Cochrane Risk of Bias, and other established tools. A narrative description of the quantitative data was undertaken. There was insufficient evidence to perform a narrative synthesis or meta‐analysis due to the nature of the study designs and insufficient outcome data.ConclusionsGlobally, the number of women having an induction of labour is increasing and there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of supportive interventions. Components of supportive care for women having induction of labour require urgent evaluation. Measurement tools which capture the complexity of supportive care for women having induction of labour need to be developed and validated.ImpactThis is the first review to evaluate non‐pharmacological, non‐invasive supportive interventions for women having induction of labour. The findings of this review identify the urgent need to develop an evidence base for effective supportive.
English outside the academic sphere: A mobile‐based context‐aware comparison study on collaborative and individual learning
Authors: Lin Chih‐Chung , Barrett Neil E. , Liu Gi‐Zen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContext‐aware ubiquitous learning (CAUL) technology provides language learners with interactive learning environments and has been found to increase learning effectiveness and self‐efficacy due to student interaction, discussion and evaluation of the entire learning process. This study used a mobile‐based ubiquitous learning system combined with a collaborative learning approach to develop Fitness‐specific English listening and reading, and fitness knowledge. The researchers recruited two groups of participants, an individual learning group (N = 31) and a collaborative learning group (N = 30), and evaluated their learning performance via pre‐and post‐tests. In addition, a questionnaire explored the perceived usefulness, usability, follow‐up intention of using the system and self‐efficacy regarding fitness‐specific English. The results show that both groups improved fitness‐specific English in terms of listening and reading comprehension. Moreover, collaborative learning was found to facilitate fitness‐specific knowledge, and those in the collaborative learning group improved their self‐efficacy more than those in the individual learning group.
Diagnostic performance of immediate colposcopy among women with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) other than HPV 16/18 and normal cytology
Authors: Aydın Serdar , Öncü Hande Nur , Arıcı Dilek Sema 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimPersistent infection with 1 of 14 high‐risk genotypes human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the crucial for the development of high‐grade cervical cancer precursors. The reassuring management of women with cytology negative, high‐risk HPV (HrHPV) positive is important especially after the widespread use of HPV testing either as a cotest. The aim of our study was to compare the colposcopic biopsy results of women with HPV 16/18 with other Hr‐HPV genotypes and determine positive predictive values (PPV) for CIN2+ of other HR HPV genotypes.MethodsWe prospectively had included the women with negative cytology and positive Hr‐HPV test other than HPV 16/18. Control group was composed of women with negative cytology positive test results for either HPV 16 or HPV 18. Women with HrHPV positive, cytology negative referred to immediate colposcopy.ResultsThe prevalence of CIN1 and CIN2 is significantly higher in HPV 16/18 group than pooled other HrHPV group (34.1% vs 17.5%, P = 0.01 for CIN 1+; 14.8% vs 5.2%, P = 0.03 for CIN 2+). The prevalence of CIN3 was almost three fold in women with HPV 16/18 (9.1% vs 3.1%). PPV for CIN 2+ was 16.4 (9.1–27.3) for HPV 16, 11.7 (2–37.7) for HPV 18, 20 (3.5–55.7) for HPV 31, 11.1 (0.6–49.3) for HPV 51, 12.5 (0.6–53.3) for HPV 58 and 59.ConclusionWe showed the relative high PPV for CIN2+ in OHrHPV other than HPV 16/18 positive group among cytology negative population. HPV 33, 51, 58, 59 and 18 had similar PPV for CIN2+ in basal cytology negative population.
Family socioeconomic status amplifies unique environmental influences on the dynamics of adolescent daily positive affective process
Authors: Zheng Yao , Hu Yueqin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAffective processes as complex dynamical systems happen in people's daily lives. Affective dynamics characterizing unique features of individual affective systems are linked with long‐term developmental outcomes. This study investigated genetic and environmental contributions, and the moderation by family socioeconomic status (SES), to two affective dynamics characterizing affective system sensitivity to the relative levels and change in affect, respectively.MethodsUsing a sample of 490 17‐year‐old twins (41.1% males, 93.9% White) in a 40‐day‐long daily diary design, dynamical systems modeling estimated individual affective dynamics of positive and negative affect. Twin modeling examined genetic and environmental contributions to affective dynamics as well as the moderation of SES.ResultsFor both positive and negative affect, system sensitivity to the relative levels of affect was predominantly under unique environmental influences with negligible genetic influences; system sensitivity to the change in affect was affected by both genetic and unique environmental influences. SES amplifies unique environmental influences on sensitivity to the change in positive affect.ConclusionsThese findings highlight different genetic and environmental origins of different adolescent affective dynamics in their daily lives, and suggest that macro contexts could influence micro timescale affective dynamics.
Acute blockade of NR2C/D subunit‐containing N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors modifies sleep and neural oscillations in mice
Authors: Pálfi Emese , Lévay György , Czurkó András , Lendvai Balázs , Kiss Tamás 
Published: December 2020

AbstractN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in excitatory neurotransmission and have been associated with psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. NMDARs are composed of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits. The type of NR2 subunit determines electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the receptor. As the precise role of NR2C/D subunit‐containing NMDARs is poorly understood in vivo, we have performed behavioural, quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) and polysomnographic analysis following acute pharmacological blockade of these receptor subtypes in adult male CD1 mice. We found that NR2C/D blockade impaired motor coordination and decreased the amount of gross movement. Moreover, EEG power in multiple frequency bands including theta and sigma were found to decrease significantly together with a decrease of theta oscillation frequency. Changes of these qEEG measures were accompanied by a decrease in time spent in slow‐wave and rapid eye movement sleep, but an increase of time spent in quiet wakefulness. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease of sleep spindle oscillation density. These findings highlight the importance of NR2C/D‐containing NMDARs and take a step towards establishing a link between electrophysiological correlates of psychiatric disorders and underlying synaptic dysfunctions.
Growth performance and intestinal microbial changes of Carassius auratus in response to pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract‐supplemented diets
Authors: Ahmadniaye Motlagh Hamidreza , Rokhnareh Zahra , Safari Omid , Selahvarzi Yahya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract (PPE) on growth indices, intestinal bacteria, and total fungi count of Carassius auratus intestine. Ninety C. auratus fries (11.04 ± 0.22 g) were distributed among 15 aquariums (100‐L) in a completely randomized design (triplicated), and were fed diets containing 0.1, 1, 2, and 4% PPE for 60 days at a feeding rate of 2% body weight during the experiment. A spectrophotometry assessment indicated that the total phenol and flavonoid content of PPE was 5.44 ± 0.03 and 49.80 ± 1.00 mg/g, respectively. According to the results, the extract significantly reduced the growth indices (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) at 4% compared to the control (p < .05). PPE did not affect the total aerobic bacteria or total lactic acid bacteria count, but the enteric gram‐negative bacteria count was significantly reduced in the experimental treatments (p < .05). The total fungi count showed a significant increase in all treated fish (p < .05). According to the results, because of the negative effect of the high dose of PPE on growth, there is a recommendation for it to be used at 2% of the diet to reduce intestinal gram‐negative bacteria and increase the total fungi count.
The Role of Education in Mitigating Automation’s Effect on Wage Inequality
Authors: Bentaouet Kattan Raja , Macdonald Kevin , Patrinos Harry Anthony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile automation has renewed the debate about labor market policy responses to inequality and job losses, less attention has been given to education policy. We present a general equilibrium model and empirical evidence showing how education mitigates wage inequality resulting from a recent, worst‐case expectation of technology’s ability to automate job tasks. Our model predicts that education could reduce automation’s marginal effect on the wage gap between lower‐ and higher‐skilled labor by up to 3 percentage points. Education policies that promote automation‐complementing skill formation would reduce the need for costly labor market and wealth redistribution interventions later in life.