bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐year outcomes of supersaturated oxygen therapy in acute anterior myocardial infarction: The IC‐HOT study
Authors: Chen Shmuel , David Shukri W. , Khan Zubair A. , Metzger D. Christopher , Wasserman Hal S. , Lotfi Amir S. , Hanson Ivan D. , Dixon Simon R. , LaLonde Thomas A. , Généreux Philippe , Ozan M. Ozgu , Maehara Akiko , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSupersaturated oxygen (SSO2) has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for administration after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) based on its demonstration of infarct size reduction in the IC‐HOT study.ObjectivesTo describe the 1‐year clinical outcomes of intracoronary SSO2 treatment after pPCI in patients with anterior STEMI.MethodsIC‐HOT was a prospective, open‐label, single‐arm study in which 100 patients without cardiogenic shock undergoing successful pPCI of an occluded left anterior descending coronary artery were treated with a 60‐min SSO2 infusion. One‐year clinical outcomes were compared with a propensity‐matched control group of similar patients with anterior STEMI enrolled in the INFUSE‐AMI trial.ResultsBaseline and postprocedural characteristics were similar in the two groups except for pre‐PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3 flow, which was less prevalent in patients treated with SSO2 (9.6% vs. 22.9%, p = .02). Treatment with SSO2 was associated with a lower 1‐year rate of the composite endpoint of all‐cause death or new‐onset heart failure (HF) or hospitalization for HF (0.0% vs. 12.3%, p = .001). All‐cause mortality, driven by cardiovascular mortality, and new‐onset HF or HF hospitalization were each individually lower in SSO2‐treated patients. There were no significant differences between groups in the 1‐year rates of reinfarction or clinically driven target vessel revascularization.ConclusionsInfusion of SSO2 following pPCI in patients with anterior STEMI was associated with improved 1‐year clinical outcomes including lower rates of death and new‐onset HF or HF hospitalizations.
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on pediatric oncology care in the Middle East, North Africa, and West Asia region: A report from the Pediatric Oncology East and Mediterranean (POEM) group
Authors: Saab Raya , Obeid Anas , Gachi Fatiha , Boudiaf Houda , Sargsyan Lilit , Al‐Saad Khulood , Javakhadze Tamar , Mehrvar Azim , Abbas Sawsan Sati , Abed Al‐Agele Yasir Saadoon , Al‐Haddad Salma , Al Ani Mouroge Hashim , Al‐Sweedan Suleiman , Al Kofide Amani , Jastaniah Wasil , Khalifa Nisreen , Bechara Elie , Baassiri Malek , Noun Peter , El‐Houdzi Jamila , Khattab Mohammed , Sagar Sharma Krishna , Wali Yasser , Mushtaq Naureen , Batool Aliya , Faizan Mahwish , Raza Muhammad Rafie , Najajreh Mohammad , Mohammed Abdallah Mohammed Awad , Sousan Ghada , Ghanem Khaled M. , Kocak Ulker , Kutluk Tezer , Demir Hacı Ahmet , Hodeish Hamoud , Muwakkit Samar , Belgaumi Asim , Al‐Rawas Abdul‐Hakim , Jeha Sima 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundChildhood cancer is a highly curable disease when timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy are provided. A negative impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on access to care for children with cancer is likely but has not been evaluated.METHODSA 34‐item survey focusing on barriers to pediatric oncology management during the COVID‐19 pandemic was distributed to heads of pediatric oncology units within the Pediatric Oncology East and Mediterranean (POEM) collaborative group, from the Middle East, North Africa, and West Asia. Responses were collected on April 11 through 22, 2020. Corresponding rates of proven COVID‐19 cases and deaths were retrieved from the World Health Organization database.ResultsIn total, 34 centers from 19 countries participated. Almost all centers applied guidelines to optimize resource utilization and safety, including delaying off‐treatment visits, rotating and reducing staff, and implementing social distancing, hand hygiene measures, and personal protective equipment use. Essential treatments, including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy, were delayed in 29% to 44% of centers, and 24% of centers restricted acceptance of new patients. Clinical care delivery was reported as negatively affected in 28% of centers. Greater than 70% of centers reported shortages in blood products, and 47% to 62% reported interruptions in surgery and radiation as well as medication shortages. However, bed availability was affected in <30% of centers, reflecting the low rates of COVID‐19 hospitalizations in the corresponding countries at the time of the survey.ConclusionsMechanisms to approach childhood cancer treatment delivery during crises need to be re‐evaluated, because treatment interruptions and delays are expected to affect patient outcomes in this otherwise largely curable disease.
Environmental Governance of China's Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Coenen Johanna , Bager Simon , Meyfroidt Patrick , Newig Jens , Challies Edward 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChina's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched in 2013, is rapidly subsuming much of China's political and economic involvement abroad. As a far‐reaching infrastructure development and investment strategy, officially involving more than 130 countries, the expansion of the BRI raises important questions about its environmental impacts and its implications for environmental governance. This article examines how China is actively and rapidly developing an institutional architecture for its envisioned “green BRI,” considering the key actors, policies, and initiatives involved in the environmental governance of the BRI. We find that the current institutional architecture of the “green BRI” relies on voluntary corporate self‐governance and a multitude of international and transnational sustainability initiatives. The effectiveness of the environmental governance of the BRI not only hinges on China's priorities and commitments, but also on the political willingness and capacity of BRI partner countries to maintain, implement, and enforce stringent environmental laws and regulations. We conclude by outlining several environmental governance challenges and an agenda for future research.
Multimarker approach including CRP, sST2 and GDF‐15 for prognostic stratification in stable heart failure
Authors: Kuster Nils , Huet Fabien , Dupuy Anne‐Marie , Akodad Mariama , Battistella Pascal , Agullo Audrey , Leclercq Florence , Kalmanovich Eran , Meilhac Alexandra , Aguilhon Sylvain , Cristol Jean‐Paul , Roubille Francois 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsInflammation and cardiac remodelling are common and synergistic pathways in heart failure (HF). Emerging biomarkers such as soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) and growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15), which are linked to inflammation and fibrosis process, have been proposed as prognosis factors. However, their potential additive values remain poorly investigated.Methods and resultsHere, we aimed at evaluating inflammatory and remodelling biomarkers to predict both short‐term and long‐term mortality in a population with chronic HF in comparison with other classical clinical or biological markers (i.e. N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, hs‐cTnT, C‐reactive protein) alone or using meta‐analysis global group in chronic HF risk score in a cohort of 182 patients followed during 80 months (interquartile range: 12.3–90.0). Proportional hazard assumption does not hold for sST2 and C‐reactive protein, and follow‐up was split into short term (less than 1 year), midterm (between 1 and 5 years), and long term (after 5 years). In univariate analysis, C‐reactive protein and sST2 were predictive of short‐term mortality but not of middle term and long term whereas GDF‐15 was predictive of short and mid‐term but not of long‐term mortality. In a multivariate model after adjustment for meta‐analysis global group in chronic HF score including the three markers, only sST2 was predictive of short‐term mortality (P = 0.0225), and only GDF‐15 was predictive of middle term mortality (P = 0.0375). None of the markers was predictive of long‐term mortality.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that both sST2 and GDF‐15 significantly improve the prognosis evaluation of HF patients and suggest that the value of GDF‐15 is more sustained overtime and could predict middle term events.
Sleep duration is associated with white matter microstructure and cognitive performance in healthy adults
Authors: Grumbach Pascal , Opel Nils , Martin Stella , Meinert Susanne , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Redlich Ronny , Enneking Verena , Goltermann Janik , Baune Bernhard T. , Dannlowski Udo , Repple Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReduced sleep duration and sleep deprivation have been associated with cognitive impairment as well as decreased white matter integrity as reported by experimental studies. However, it is largely unknown whether differences in sleep duration and sleep quality might affect microstructural white matter and cognition. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the cross‐sectional relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality, and cognitive performance in a naturalistic study design, by focusing on the association with white matter integrity in a large sample of healthy, young adults. To address this, 1,065 participants, taken from the publicly available sample of the Human Connectome Project, underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Moreover, broad cognitive performance measures (NIH Cognition Toolbox) and sleep duration and quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed. The results revealed a significant positive association between sleep duration and overall cognitive performance. Shorter sleep duration significantly correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). In turn, FA in this tract was related to measures of cognitive performance and was shown to significantly mediate the association of sleep duration and cognition. For cognition only, associations shift to a negative association of sleep duration and cognition for participants sleeping more than 8 hr a day. Investigations into subjective sleep quality showed no such associations. The present study showed that real‐world differences in sleep duration, but not subjective sleep quality are related to cognitive performance measures and white matter integrity in the SLF in healthy, young adults.
A Survey on Knowledge Gaps in Assessment and Management of Severe Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions: Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study of Australian Health Care Providers
Authors: Mazzoni Daniel , Tee Hui Wen , de Menezes Sara Lee , Graudins Linda Velta , Johnson Douglas Forsyth , Newnham Evan David , Kelley Peter Graham , Zubrinich Celia Mary , Goh Michelle Sue Yen , Trubiano Jason Anthony , Aung Ar Kar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSevere drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are often encountered by health care professionals (HCPs). We evaluated knowledge of doctors and pharmacists in the assessment and management of severe DHRs using a structured questionnaire. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 4 metropolitan hospital networks in Melbourne, Australia. A 13‐question, scenario‐based multiple‐choice questionnaire to assess specific knowledge domains in drug hypersensitivity syndrome recognition, causality attribution, cross‐reactivity patterns, appropriate diagnostic tests, and therapy was administered to HCPs of various vocation and specialty groups. Data were analyzed according to profession, self‐reported experience, and preparedness in managing severe DHRs. Two hundred thirty‐eight participants (45.0% senior doctors, 24.4% junior doctors, and 30.7% pharmacists) across a range of subspecialties achieved an overall median score of 7 (IQR, 5‐8)—overall 55.6% correct responses to all questions—with senior doctors outperforming junior doctors and pharmacists (P < .001). The best performance by all participants was in DHR syndrome recognition (60.9%), and the poorest was in diagnostics/therapy (52.0%). HCP group and experience level were significantly associated with better performance in the knowledge domains of cross‐reactivity and diagnostics/therapy (P = .003 and < .001, respectively), but not in the domains of syndrome recognition and causality attribution (P > .05). Levels of self‐reported preparedness in DHR management were not associated with performance rates in any of the knowledge domains. This study demonstrated significant knowledge gaps in the recognition and management of severe drug hypersensitivity reactions. Targeted multidisciplinary education of staff caring for these patients is needed to improve knowledge gaps.
Plasma carotenoids and immunity in a despotic avian scavenger
Authors: Plaza Pablo I. , Blanco Guillermo , Wiemeyer Guillermo , López‐Rull Isabel , Hornero‐Méndez Dámaso , Donázar José A. , Hiraldo Fernando , Lambertucci Sergio A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCarotenoids are pigmented compounds acquired through diet that have important functions as antioxidants and immune modulators. We studied the association between immunity and circulating carotenoids in Andean condors (Vultur gryphus). We evaluated the relationship between α‐, β‐, and γ‐globulin blood concentrations and different circulating carotenoids in two groups of Andean condors that differ in their mean health status, rehabilitating (suffering different pathologies), and wild individuals (trapped when displaying their physiological behavior). In rehabilitating individuals, α‐, β‐, and γ‐globulin concentrations were higher than in wild individuals. This shows that rehabilitating individuals were developing an immune response associated with the pathologies that they were suffering at the time of sampling. In addition, circulating carotenoids were lower in rehabilitating than in wild individuals. We found negative correlations between α‐, β‐, and γ‐globulins and different circulating carotenoids in rehabilitating individuals, but not in wild condors. Xanthophylls were strongly related to α‐, β‐, and γ‐globulin blood concentrations in rehabilitating, but not in wild condors. Our results suggest that there is a potential relationship between circulating carotenoids and immunity in the Andean condor. Given that this species may display a carotenoid‐based pigmentation, our results could suggest that a trade‐off between the immune system and external coloration could operate in this species, which may have implications in their access to food resources and mate selection and, thus, in their conservation.
Cardiac tissue citric acid cycle intermediates in exercised very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase‐deficient mice fed triheptanoin or medium‐chain triglyceride
Authors: Gaston Garen , Gangoiti Jon A. , Winn Shelley , Chan Benjamin , Barshop Bruce A. , Harding Cary O. , Gillingham Melanie B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnaplerotic odd‐chain fatty acid supplementation has been suggested as an approach to replenish citric acid cycle intermediate (CACi) pools and facilitate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in subjects with long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders, but the evidence that cellular CACi depletion exists and that repletion occurs following anaplerotic substrate supplementation is limited. We exercised very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase‐deficient (VLCAD−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice to exhaustion and collected cardiac tissue for measurement of CACi by targeted metabolomics. In a second experimental group, VLCAD−/− and WT mice that had been fed chow prepared with either medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) oil or triheptanoin for 4 weeks were exercised for 60 minutes. VLCAD−/− mice exhibited lower succinate in cardiac muscle at exhaustion than WT mice suggesting lower CACi in VLCAD−/− with prolonged exercise. In mice fed either MCT or triheptanoin, succinate and malate were greater in VLCAD−/− mice fed triheptanoin compared to VLCAD−/− animals fed MCT but lower than WT mice fed triheptanoin. Long‐chain odd acylcarnitines such as C19 were elevated in VLCAD−/− and WT mice fed triheptanoin suggesting some elongation of the heptanoate, but it is unknown what proportion of heptanoate was oxidized vs elongated. Prolonged exercise was associated with decreased cardiac muscle succinate in VLCAD−/− mice in comparison to WT mice. VLCAD−/− fed triheptanoin had increased succinate compared to VLCAD−/− mice fed MCT but lower than WT mice fed triheptanoin. Cardiac CACi were higher following dietary ingestion of an anaplerotic substrate, triheptanoin, in comparison to MCT.
Mechanochromic Fluorescent Polymers Enabled by AIE Processes
Authors: Han Ting , Liu Lijie , Wang Dong , Yang Jinglei , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolymeric materials are susceptible to the chain re‐conformation, reorientation, slippage, and bond cleavage upon mechanical stimuli, which are likely to further grow into macro‐damages and eventually lead to the compromise or loss of materials performance. Therefore, it is of great academic importance and practical significance to sensitively detect the local mechanical states in polymers and monitor the dynamic variations in polymer structures and properties under external forces. Mechanochromic fluorescent polymers (MFP) are a class of smart materials by utilizing sensitive fluorescent motifs to detect polymer chain events upon mechanical stimuli. Taking advantage of the unique aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect, a variety of MFP systems that can self‐report their mechanical states and mechano‐induced structural and property changes through fluorescence signals have been developed. In this feature article, an overview of the recent progress on MFP systems enabled by AIE process is presented. The main design principles, including physically doping dispersed or microencapsulated AIE luminogens (AIEgens) into polymer matrix, chemically linking AIEgens in polymer backbones, and utilizing the clusterization‐triggered emission of polymers containing nonconventional luminogens, are discussed with representative examples. Perspectives on the existing challenges and problems in this field are also discussed to guide future development.
Chinese online gamers versus nongamers: A difference in social media use and associated well‐being and relational outcomes?
Authors: Dredge Rebecca , Chen Shuang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the social media use of online gamers compared with nongamers and whether the two forms of technology use manifest as the cumulative risk for relational and well‐being outcomes in adolescents. Self‐report data from 320 Chinese secondary school students (12–17 years) was collected for online gaming and social media use frequency, depression, satisfaction with life, and relationship quality with parents, teachers, and classmates. Once the sample was split into nongamers, light gamers, and heavy gamers, results showed that heavy gamers (cut‐off at ≥2 or ≥3 h/d) were more depressed, used social media and the Internet more frequently and social media differently, and experienced more negative interactions with parents and classmates compared with nongamers. Significant differences were also found between light gamers and nongamers on certain variables. Findings indicate that heavy gamers are also using other media at heavy levels which places them in a more at‐risk group for adverse well‐being and relational outcomes.
Biting deterrency of undecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid ester analogs against Aedes aegypti
Authors: Cantrell Charles L , Zaki Mohamed A , Reichley Amber , Sink Matt , Kim Seong J , Ali Abbas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMosquitoes remain one of the most significant threats to the health of humans throughout the world. This study was designed to evaluate the biting deterrent effects of a series of ester analogs of undecanoic acid (C:11:0) and dodecanoic acid (C:12:0) against Aedes aegypti (L), (Diptera: Culicidae), the yellow fever mosquito, using Klun and Debboun (K&D) and Ali and Khan (A&K) bioassay systems.RESULTSIn the K&D bioassays, C:11:0 esters methyl undecanoate, propyl undecanoate, butyl undecanoate, and pentyl undecanoate, and the C:12:0 esters methyl dodecanoate, ethyl dodecanoate, propyl dodecanoate, octyl dodecanoate, and dodecyl dodecanoate were most active. All of these esters were as effective as N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET) and as effective as the parent acids undecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid with biting deterrence index values ranging from 0.80 to 0.99. In the in vitro A&K bioassay undecanoic acid with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 3.125 μg cm−2 was the most active compound and showed higher activity than DEET (MED of 25 μg cm−2). The most active synthetic analog was butyl undecanoate with a MED of 12.5 μg cm−2. The next most active analogs are the methyl ester analogs methyl undecanoate and methyl dodecanoate, both with MED values of 25 μg cm−2.CONCLUSIONFatty acid synthetic esters and structural analogs are a promising source of new mosquito repelling compounds and should be investigated further. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Assessment of toxicity and persistence of Yersinia entomophaga and its Yen‐Tc associated toxin
Authors: Hurst Mark Robin Holmes , Jones Sandra , Young Sandra , Muetzel Stefan , Calder Joanne , van Koten Chikako 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe insect‐pathogenic bacterium Yersinia entomophaga MH96 is currently under development as a microbial pesticide active against various pasture and crop pests such as the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigeria. To enable nonrestricted field trials of Y. entomophaga MH96, information on the persistence and nontarget effects of the bacterium and its Yen‐Tc proteinaceous toxin are required.RESULTSThe Y. entomophaga Yen‐Tc associated toxin was found to have limited persistence on foliage and is inactivated by UV light. The Yen‐Tc was rapidly degraded in ovine or bovine rumen fluid or the intestinal fluid of H. armigera. In H. armigera an intestinal protein of >50 kDa was found to cleave the Yen‐Tc bond. Assessment of Y. entomophaga persistence on foliage and in soil found that after 42 days the bacterium could not be detected in soil at 20% soil moisture content but persisted for 72 days at 30–40% soil moisture. Nontarget effects of Y. entomophaga towards earthworms found that the bacterium afforded no adverse effects on worm growth or behavior. A summary of historic Yen‐Tc and Y. entomophaga persistence and toxicity data is presented.CONCLUSIONThe bacterium Y. entomophaga and its Yen‐Tc associated toxin have limited persistence in the environment, with the Yen‐Tc being susceptible to UV inactivation and proteolytic degradation, and the bacterium persisting longer in soil of a high moisture content. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
‘Dreamers’, (un)deserving immigrants and generational interdependence
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUndocumented young people known as the ‘Dreamers’ have become the embodiment of the ‘deserving immigrant’ in US public debates on immigration. Through exploring the narratives of undocumented young organisers in California, this article examines how they came to be framed in this way and the limitations of this as a pathway to social justice. It explores their accounts of organising in the undocumented youth movement to examine how their relationships with their families have influenced their engagement with the Dreamer narrative and its contestation. It was found that the figure of the deserving Dreamer represented an overly individualised account of migrant youth experiences and trajectories. Drawing on a relational understanding of migration and life course pathways, it is argued that undocumented youth are embedded in interdependent intergenerational relationships, which affect their experiences and outcomes and therefore need to be recognised in any pathway to social justice.