bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Cleft Palate, Bifid Tongue, and Oral Hamartomas: A Rare Congenital Anomaly
Authors: Yin Shilu , Zhao Zhenmin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Congenital bifid tongue is a rare malformation, which is usually present in association with other oral findings such as cleft palate and tongue mass. The authors present a rare case of congenital bifid tongue together with cleft palate, labial-buccal frenulum deformity, absence of lingual frenulum, and 3 hamartomas in the oral cavity. The authors excised oral hamartomas and repaired the palate and tongue with satisfactory results.
Pediatric Mandibular Condylar Fractures With Concomitant Cervical Spine Injury: A Treatment Protocol for Prevention of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis
Authors: Marji Fady P. , Anstadt Erin , Davit Alexander , Goldstein Jesse A. , Losee Joseph E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In pediatric patients with mandible fractures and concomitant cervical spine injury (CSI), treatment strategies may occasionally compete: condylar fractures require functional therapy with range of motion exercises of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), while CSI requires neck immobilization. The authors report the case of a child presenting with bilateral condylar head fractures, a right parasymphyseal fracture, and concomitant CSI treated with cervical collar immobilization, who ultimately developed TMJ ankylosis. Here, the authors review mandibular condylar fracture management and suggest an approach for the pediatric patient presenting with condylar fractures and concomitant CSI requiring immobilization. To preserve range of motion at the TMJ, it is critical to prevent external restriction by prolonged cervical collar use. Instead, these patients benefit from a protocol utilizing conventional halo or noninvasive, pinless halo cervical spine stabilization. Without limitation of the TMJ, condylar fracture rehabilitation and healing may proceed unhindered.
Surgical Planning for Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis Using Low-Cost Three-Dimensional–Printed Anatomic Models
Authors: Telich-Tarriba José E. , Chávez-Serna Enrique , Rangel-Rangel Edna , Gorostieta-Esperon Miguel Angel , Andrade Delgado Laura , Fuente del Campo Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a fairly common procedure in specialized craniofacial surgery centers. The MDO is a minimally invasive technique that is able to generate new bone in patients with a severe hypoplastic ascending ramus, while also expanding the overlying soft tissues; therefore, it has become the treatment of choice for the surgical correction of mandibular hypoplasias. One of the most common postoperative complications involves misplacement of the distractor and/or corticotomy, which can result in the creation of an erroneous distraction vector. The introduction of 3-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized preoperative planning in several surgical fields; however, cost can hinder its application in developing nations, specially in public institutions. The aim of this work is present our experience using low-cost 3D-printed anatomic models for preoperative planning and surgical simulation in patients requiring MDO.
Effects of Rhinoplasty on Smile Esthetic and Gingival Appearance
Authors: Arli Cengiz , Bilgic Fundagul , Kaya Abdullah , Arpag Osman Fatih 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rhinoplasty alone or combined with septoplasty is one of the cornerstone management techniques in facial esthetic surgery. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of rhinoplasty maneuvers on facial and smile esthetics. The study included a total of 27 adult patients. Measurements of gingival length (GL), right and left maxillary incisor-upper lip distance (MIULD), right and left inter-lip distance (ILD), and right and left gingival pocket depth (GPD) were performed and rounded to the nearest millimeter in full smile and at rest. All measurements were obtained at baseline and at the postoperative 1st and 6th months by the same clinician. As compared with the baseline values, significant decreases were determined in the left and right GLs in full smile, left and right MIULD, and left ILD at the postoperative 1st month and in the GL, left and right MIULD, and left and right ILD at the postoperative 6th month. In conclusion, rhinoplasty maneuvers can improve smile esthetics by changing the GL thereby increase patient satisfaction.
Prediction of Lower Eyelid Malpositioning After Surgical Correction of Orbital Fracture Using the Subciliary Approach Through the Canthal Area and Orbital Vector Analysis
Authors: Kim Choong Hyeon , Choi Woo Young , Son Kyung Min , Cheon Ji Seon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A subciliary incision has been widely used not only for blepharoplasty but also for facial fracture surgery. However, lower eyelid malpositioning is one of the most common complications after fracture surgery. A limited number of studies have been conducted on the relationships among evaluation of the canthal area, orbital vector analysis, and lower eyelid malpositioning following the subciliary approach for surgical repair of fractures. The primary goal of this study was to identify and analyze the possible risk factors, including incidence of lower eyelid malpositioning and orbital vector after surgical correction of the orbital fracture. A total of 241 cases of orbital fracture surgery was retrospectively reviewed. Data related to the patient and surgery were collected. Orbital vector and angle that reflects the vector, distance between soft tissue and bone in the lateral canthal area were measured for orbital vector analysis. The relationship between the prevalence of the malpositioning of the lower eyelid and each factor was statistically analyzed. The distance between the soft tissue and bone at the lateral canthal area was statistically significant (P = 0.031). The distance between the soft tissue and bone at lateral canthal area illustrates the lateral side or periorbital anatomical morphology. It could be inferred that patients with a negative orbital vector were relatively more vulnerable to scar formation or lower eyelid malpositioning caused by iatrogenic factors. Therefore, it could be analyzed as a risk factor to predict the malpositioning of the lower eyelid postoperatively.
Congenital Four Eyelid Ectropion Associated With Clefting Anomaly
Authors: Bagheri Abbas , Shahraki Koroush , Yazdani Shahin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An infant with congenital 4 eyelid ectropion associated with cleft lip and palate developed exposure keratopathy. He underwent skin grafting of the upper eyelids and lateral canthal reconstruction. Ectropion and signs of exposure keratopathy improved. Congenital eyelid ectropion is a rare disorder. Surgical repair can successfully correct the condition.
The Critical Role of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 in URB602-Induced Protective Effects Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat
Authors: Li Xing-Huan , Liu Yu-Qi , Gong De-Ying , Hai Ke-Rong , Ke Bo-Wen , Zuo Yun-Xia 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and even induces remote organ damage. Accumulating proofs demonstrates that the endocannabinoid system may provide a promising access for treatment strategy of renal IRI associated AKI. In the current study, using the established renal IRI model of rat, we tested the hypothesis that pretreatment of URB602, 30 min before renal IRI, alleviates kidney injury and relevant distant organ damage via limiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Using Western blot analysis and LC–MS/MS, renal IRI showed to increase the levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in kidneys as well as COX-2, PGE2, TXA2, and decrease N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA); the expressions of renal cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) were unchanged. The URB602 pretreatment in renal IRI, further enhanced renal 2-AG which is high affinity to both CB1 and CB2, and reduced renal COX-2 which is involved in the regulation of renal perfusion and inflammation. AM630 (CB2 antagonist) almost blocked all the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective effects of URB602, whereas AM251 (CB1 antagonist) showed limited influence, and parecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) slightly ameliorated renal function at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Taken together, our data indicate that URB602 acts as a reactive oxygen species scavenger and anti-inflammatory media in renal IRI mainly depending on the activation of CB2.
Virtual Simulation in Nursing Education: A Systematic Review Spanning 1996 to 2018
Authors: Foronda Cynthia L. , Fernandez-Burgos Margo , Nadeau Catherine , Kelley Courtney N. , Henry Myrthle N. 
Published: February 2020

Summary StatementAs virtual simulation is burgeoning, faculty and administrators are asking for evidence of its effectiveness. The objective of this systematic review was to identify how virtual simulation impacts nursing student learning outcomes. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, 80 studies were reviewed. Results indicate that most research (n = 69, 86%) supported virtual simulation as an effective pedagogy to support learning outcomes while highlighting gaps and areas of bias. Adding search terms could have expanded the findings. The body of evidence supports virtual simulation as an effective pedagogy. Future studies should use more robust research designs, prioritize curricular integration of virtual simulation, and determine best practices in virtual simulation methodology.
Three-dimensional–Printed Computed Tomography–Based Bone Models for Spine Surgery Simulation
Authors: Stefan Philipp , Pfandler Michael , Lazarovici Marc , Weigl Matthias , Navab Nassir , Euler Ekkehard , Fürmetz Julian , Weidert Simon 
Published: February 2020

Introduction
We present a novel 3-dimensional (3D) printing method for low-cost and widely available reproduction of computed tomography (CT)-based synthetic bone models for spine surgery simulation, optimized to reproduce realistic haptic properties. The method allows reproduction of either normal or abnormal patient anatomy. The models are fluoroscopy compatible and contain deformities and fractures present in the underlying CT data.

Methods
Spine models created from CT data were printed on a 3D printer using 2 different materials for cortical and cancellous bone. Printing parameters were iteratively optimized with surgical experts and 3 candidate spine models were evaluated in a study regarding haptic properties. X-ray images of a spine section printed with final printing parameters were evaluated by surgical experts regarding fluoroscopic properties.

Results
Eleven surgical experts performed a trocar insertion, a typical workflow step in spine surgery procedures, on the models. We observed agreement that cortical structures and strong agreement that cancellous structures of the final model are haptically comparable with human vertebral bone. Ten surgical experts evaluated x-ray images of the model. They expressed strong agreement on the similarity with x-ray images of the human spine and confirmed the presence of a fracture. Material cost of a typical spine model is around US $11.

Conclusions
Models created using the novel methodology realistically reproduce the haptic properties during a trocar placement into the vertebral body. The models are compatible with conventional x-ray imaging. Because the models correspond to real patient CT data, those can alternatively be used in simulation environments that simulate fluoroscopy or CT image guidance to produce highly realistic, radiation-free imaging output.
Simultaneous Liver Kidney Transplant in Elderly Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Is There an Appropriate Upper Age Cutoff?
Authors: Goldberg David S. , Vianna Rodrigo M. , Martin Eric Fleming , Martin Paul , Arosemena Benitez Leopoldo Ramon , O’Brien Christopher Blackburn , Bhamidimarri Kalyan R. 
Published: February 2020

Background.
The aging of liver transplant (LT) recipients, the weighting of the model for end-stage liver disease score, and the increased prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis has led to an increased number of older LT recipients with pre-LT chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are limited data on the impact of increased recipient age on post-simultaneous liver-kidney (SLK) transplant outcomes among patients with CKD, leading some centers to employ subjective age cutoffs for potential SLK recipients.

Methods.
We evaluated United Network for Organ Sharing data of adult SLK recipients from February 27, 2002, to December 31, 2018, restricted to recipients with ≥90 days of waiting time and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate persistently <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for ≥90 d using the modification of diet in renal disease-4 equation). We fit mixed-effects Cox regression models (center as random effect) to evaluate the association of recipient age and patient survival.

Results.
Among 3146 SLK recipients with CKD, nearly two-thirds were 50–64 years of age, while 465 (14.8%) and 93 (3.0%) were 65–69 years and ≥70 years, respectively. Compared with nondiabetic SLK recipients aged 50–59 years, SLK recipients ≥70 years of age without diabetes (hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.20-3.23; P = 0.007) and with diabetes (hazard ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.16-3.09; P = 0.01) had higher mortality compared with the reference group. In absolute terms, SLK recipients ≥70 years of age had 25% lower patient survival at 5 years compared to recipients aged 40–49 years.

Conclusions.
Although careful selection is required of any SLK recipient, especially those with increased comorbidities, there are no objective data to justify a specific age cutoff <70 years among potential SLK recipients with CKD.
Association Between Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Deprivation and the Medication Level Variability Index for Children Following Liver Transplantation
Authors: Wadhwani Sharad I. , Bucuvalas John C. , Brokamp Cole , Anand Ravinder , Gupta Ashutosh , Taylor Stuart , Shemesh Eyal , Beck Andrew F. 
Published: February 2020

Background.
Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation is associated with adverse health outcomes. We sought to determine if neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with adherence to immunosuppressive medications after liver transplantation.

Methods.
We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter, prospective cohort of children enrolled in the medication adherence in children who had a liver transplant study (enrollment 2010–2013). Participants (N = 271) received a liver transplant ≥1 year before enrollment and were subsequently treated with tacrolimus. The primary exposure, connected to geocoded participant home addresses, was a neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation index (range 0–1, higher indicates more deprivation). The primary outcome was the medication level variability index (MLVI), a surrogate measure of adherence to immunosuppression in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Higher MLVI indicates worse adherence behavior; values ≥2.5 are predictive of late allograft rejection.

Results.
There was a 5% increase in MLVI for each 0.1 increase in deprivation index (95% confidence interval, −1% to 11%; P = 0.08). Roughly 24% of participants from the most deprived quartile had an MLVI ≥2.5 compared with 12% in the remaining 3 quartiles (P = 0.018). Black children were more likely to have high MLVI even after adjusting for deprivation (adjusted odds ratio 4.0 95% confidence interval, 1.7-10.6).

Conclusions.
This is the first study to evaluate associations between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and an objective surrogate measure of medication adherence in children posttransplant. These findings suggest that neighborhood context may be an important consideration when assessing adherence. Differential rates of medication adherence may partly explain links between neighborhood factors and adverse health outcomes following pediatric liver transplantation.
Application of Hemifield Visual Electrophysiology to Diagnose Functional Vision Loss
Authors: Moss Heather E. , Jabbehdari Sayena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract:
Neuro-ophthalmologists frequently see patients who are experiencing vision loss not accounted for by a neuro-ophthalmic disorder. In this article, we describe a case of binasal hemianopia in an otherwise healthy 65-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with glaucoma but ultimately proved to have functional visual loss. This diagnosis was made by confirming by confirming normal visual pathway function using hemifield visual-evoked potential studies.
Combining formal education and citizen science: A case study on students’ perceptions of learning and interest in an urban rat project
Authors: Aivelo Tuomas , Huovelin Suvi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCitizen science is a valuable tool in environmental and formal education in creating scientific knowledge for the researchers and facilitating learning and fostering a positive relationship toward the environment and study species. We present a case study on the Helsinki Urban Rat Project in which students surveyed rat occurrence in their own near environments. According to our results, experientiality, involvement, meaningfulness, freedom to choose, ease of participation, and the rats themselves contributed to students’ increased interest in participation. Furthermore, students described diverse factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge that they acquired during their participation. In general, students described negative attitudes toward rats, but they described fewer negative views on rats after participation. We reflect on the success of the citizen science project and implications of planning a future citizen science project and incorporating citizen science in formal education.
The Influence of bioRχiv onPLOS ONE’s Peer-Review and Acceptance Time
Authors: Tsunoda Hiroyuki , Sun Yuan , Nishizawa Masaki , Liu Xiaomin , Amano Kou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study examines the relation between acceptance times in preprint publishing and journal publishing. Specifically, we investigated the association between a paper’s posting time to bioRχiv, a preprints server, and journal articles’ peer-review and acceptance time forPLOS ONE. So far, of the total papers published in 1,626 academic journals, the average publication rate of those posted in bioRχiv is 40.67%. Meanwhile,PLOS ONEwas the journal that published more papers. Analysis of peer-review and acceptance time of papers published in journals via preprints showed the time these papers are posted in relation to these intervals. The median of the peer-review and acceptance time of the journal submission date that was later than the date of first posting to bioRχiv was 110.00 days, and in the reverse case, it was 139.50 days. Posting to the preprint server before journal submission shows a better order than vice versa. This study provides us a good understanding of the peer-review process. It also gives us good insights into optimizing this process, which would then facilitate paper publication and knowledge dissemination.
Discovery of 20 novel ribosomal leaders in bacteria and archaea
Authors: Eckert Iris , Weinberg Zasha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRNAs perform many functions in addition to supplying coding templates, such as binding proteins. RNA-protein interactions are important in multiple processes in all domains of life, and the discovery of additional protein-binding RNAs expands the scope for studying such interactions. To find such RNAs, we exploited a form of ribosomal regulation. Ribosome biosynthesis must be tightly regulated to ensure that concentrations of rRNAs and ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) match. One regulatory mechanism is a ribosomal leader (r-leader), which is a domain in the 5′ UTR of an mRNA whose genes encode r-proteins. When the concentration of one of these r-proteins is high, the protein binds the r-leader in its own mRNA, reducing gene expression and thus protein concentrations. To date, 35 types of r-leaders have been validated or predicted.ResultsBy analyzing additional conserved RNA structures on a multi-genome scale, we identified 20 novel r-leader structures. Surprisingly, these included new r-leaders in the highly studied organismsEscherichia coliandBacillus subtilis. Our results reveal several cases where multiple unrelated RNA structures likely bind the same r-protein ligand, and uncover previously unknown r-protein ligands. Each r-leader consistently occurs upstream of r-protein genes, suggesting a regulatory function. That the predicted r-leaders function as RNAs is supported by evolutionary correlations in the nucleotide sequences that are characteristic of a conserved RNA secondary structure. The r-leader predictions are also consistent with the locations of experimentally determined transcription start sites.ConclusionsThis work increases the number of known or predicted r-leader structures by more than 50%, providing additional opportunities to study structural and evolutionary aspects of RNA-protein interactions. These results provide a starting point for detailed experimental studies.
Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Protocol for a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Deng Jiawen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare blood disorder that results in hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) due to the presence of autoantibodies in the serum. Previous research has shown that the use of therapeutic plasma exchange therapy (TPE) may be effective at treating AIHA by removing autoimmune antibodies from the intravascular space. However, very little knowledge synthesis is available on the use of TPE in AIHA patients due to the rarity of the disease. We propose a meta-analysis that investigates whether the use of TPE, with or without concurrent treatment regimens, can decrease adverse events, increase remission rate and improve lab results including hemoglobin, RBC, reticulocyte counts, hematocrit and total bilirubin.
KDM6B-dependent chromatin remodelling underpins effective virus-specific CD8+T cell differentiation
Authors: Li Jasmine , Hardy Kristine , Olshansky Moshe , Barugahare Adele , Gearing Linden J. , Prier Julia E. , Sng Xavier Y.X. , Thai Nguyen Michelle Ly , Piovesan Dana , Russ Brendan , La Gruta Nicole L. , Hertzog Paul J. , Rao Sudha , Turner Stephen J. 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYNaive CD8+T cell activation results in an autonomous program of cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanisms that underpin this process are unclear. Here we profiled genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility, gene transcription and the deposition of a key chromatin modification (H3K27me3) early after naive CD8+T cell activation. Rapid upregulation of the histone demethylase, KDM6B, prior to first cell division was required for initiating H3K27me3 removal at genes essential for subsequent T cell differentiation and proliferation. Inhibition of KDM6B-dependent H3K27me3 demethylation limited the magnitude of an effective primary virus-specific CD8+T cell response and the formation of memory CD8+T cell populations. Accordingly, we define the early spatio-temporal events underpinning early lineage-specific epigenetic reprogramming that is necessary for autonomous CD8+T cell proliferation and differentiation.