bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performances of lung ultrasound associated with inferior vena cava assessment for the diagnosis of acute heart failure in elderly emergency patients: a diagnostic study
Authors: Balen Frederic , Houze Cerfon Charles-Henri , Lauque Dominique , Hebrad Manon , Legourrierec Thibault , Delmas Clement , Charpentier Sandrine 
Published: November 2020

Background and importance
Few studies are looking at the usefulness of lung ultrasound combined with inferior vena cava (ultrasound strategy) in the particularly challenging diagnosis of acute heart failure (AHF) in elderly dyspneic patients attending the emergency department (ED).

Objective, design, settings, and participants
This was a prospective diagnostic study conducted in two French EDs from December 2015 to March 2019, aimed to determine the accuracy of an ultrasound strategy for the diagnosis of AHF in the elderly. Patients aged 65 and older referred to the ED for dyspnea were screened for inclusion.

Intervention
An emergency physician, blinded to the first findings, performed chest ultrasound, and assessment of inferior vena cava (ultrasound strategy).

Outcome measure and analysis
The primary endpoint was a final diagnosis of AHF, adjudicated by two independent experts after reviewing the entire medical record. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound and standard strategies were calculated.

Main results
A total of 116 patients were included, mean age 84 years (SD 9). Among them, there were 76 (66%) cases of AHF and 51 (44%) cases of pneumonia. The ultrasound work up had a sensitivity of 82% [95% confidence interval (CI), 71–90] and a specificity of 68% (95% CI, 51–90] for AHF. The standard strategy had a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI, 84–97) and a specificity of 53% (95% CI, (36–68).

Conclusions
In this prospective study, there was no statistically significant difference between point-of-care ultrasound and a combination of clinical, radiographic, and biological findings for the diagnosis of acute heart failure.
Surgical procedures for male infertility: an update
Authors: Visser William R. , Smith-Harrison L.I. , Krzastek Sarah C. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of surgical treatment options for male infertility including varicocelectomy, treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction, vasovasostomy, and sperm extraction, and to review recent advances in techniques and technologies that may improve operative outcomes.

Recent findings
Microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy has been shown to have the highest success rates with lowest rates of complications, and may be facilitated by the use of Doppler, indocyanine green angiography, and the 4K3D operating video microscope. The standard treatment for ejaculatory duct obstruction by transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts has changed little over time, but vesiculoscopy may allow for temporary dilation of an obstruction to allow for natural conception, while also offering diagnostic capabilities. Use of the robotic platform has gained popularity for vasectomy reversals but controversy remains regarding the cost-effectiveness of this option. Recently, a reinforcing suture technique has been described for vasovasostomy to minimize anastomotic breakdown and reversal failure. Finally, gray-scale and color-enhanced ultrasound may improve ability to predict successful sperm retrieval during extraction procedures.

Summary
Though the fundamentals of surgical treatment options for male infertility have changed little with time, technological advancements have contributed to improved surgical outcomes over recent years.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic Visits
Authors: Tao Jun , Napoleon Siena C. , Maynard Michaela A. , Almonte Alexi , Silva Elizabeth , Toma Emily , Chu Christina T. , Cormier Kevin , Strong Sabrina , Chan Philip A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is responsible for a global pandemic and has impacted health care accessibility and delivery. Clinic data were reviewed for an STI clinic from September 2019 to May 2020. A significant decrease in rates of STI visits and treatments during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was observed.
Use of Honey Versus Standard Care for Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury in Critically Ill Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sankar Jhuma , Lalitha AV , Rameshkumar Ramachandran , Mahadevan Subramanian , Kabra Sushil K. , Lodha Rakesh 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To examine if the use of honey (medicated) for dressing is superior to standard care in terms of time to complete wound healing in stages 1–3 of pressure injuries in children admitted to the PICU.

DESIGN:
Multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized trial.

SETTING:
Tertiary-care PICU from August 2017 to January 2019.

PATIENTS:
Critically ill children, 2 months to 17 years old, who developed pressure injury (stages 1–3) were included; those on more than two inotropes or with signs of acute wound infection or wounds with greater than 5 cm diameter or known allergy to honey were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS:
Children were randomized to receive either medicated honey dressing or standard (routine) wound care for the management of their pressure injury.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was the time to complete wound healing. Manuka or active Leptospermum honey dressing/gel was used in the intervention group. Enrolled children were followed up until death or discharge from the hospital. A total of 99 children were enrolled: 51 in the intervention group and 48 in the standard care group. Baseline characteristics, including the nutritional status, were comparable between the groups. The most common sites of injury were bony prominences at face mask contact points. The median time to complete healing was 7 days (95% CI, 6–7 d) versus 9 days (7–10 d) in the intervention and standard care groups, respectively (p = 0.002; log-rank test). At any random time, children in the intervention group were about 1.9-fold more likely to have their pressure injury completely healed than those in the standard care group (hazard ratio 1.86; 95% CI, 1.21–2.87). There were no allergic reactions or secondary wound infections in the intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of medicated honey dressings decreased the time to wound healing in critically ill children with pressure injuries. There were no allergic reactions or secondary bacterial infections in any of these children.
Helmets Protect Pediatric Bicyclists From Head Injury and Do Not Increase Risk of Cervical Spine Injury
Authors: Hasjim Bima J. , Grigorian Areg , Schubl Sebastian D. , Lekawa Michael , Kim Dennis , Bernal Nicole , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesOnly 21 states have mandatory helmet laws for pediatric bicyclists. This study sought to determine the incidence of helmeted riders among pediatric bicyclists involved in a collision and hypothesized the risk of a serious head and cervical spine injuries to be higher in nonhelmeted bicyclists (NHBs) compared with helmeted bicyclists (HBs).MethodsThe Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014–2016) was queried for pediatric (age <16 years) bicyclists involved in a collision. Helmeted bicyclists were compared with NHBs. A serious injury was defined by an abbreviated injury scale grade of greater than 2.ResultsFrom 3693 bicyclists, 3039 (82.3%) were NHBs. Compared with HBs, NHBs were more often Black (21.6% vs 3.8%,P< 0.001), Hispanic (17.5% vs 9.3%,P< 0.001), without insurance (4.6% vs 2.4%,P= 0.012), and had a higher rate of a serious head injury (24.6% vs 9.3%,P< 0.001). Both groups had similar rates of complications and mortality (P> 0.05). The associated risk of a serious head (odds ratio = 3.17,P< 0.001) and spine injury (odds ratio = 0.41,P= 0.012) were higher and lower respectively in NHBs. Associated risks for cervical spine fracture or cord injury were similar (P> 0.05).ConclusionsPediatric bicyclists involved in a collision infrequently wear helmets, and NHBs was associated with higher risks of serious head injury. However, the associated risk of serious spine injury among NHBs was lower. The associated risks for cervical spine fracture or cervical cord injuries were similar. Nonhelmeted bicyclists were more likely to lack insurance and to be Black or Hispanic. Targeted outreach programs may help decrease the risk of injury, especially in at-risk demographics.
Declines in HIV prevalence in female sex workers accessing an HIV treatment and prevention programme in Nairobi, Kenya over a 10-year period
Authors: Tago Achieng , McKinnon Lyle R. , Wanjiru Tabitha , Muriuki Festus , Munyao Julius , Gakii Gloria , Akolo Maureen , Kariri Anthony , Reed Neil , Shaw Souradet Y. , Gelmon Lawrence J. , Kimani Joshua 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Empirical time trends in HIV prevalence in female sex workers (FSWs) are helpful to understand the evolving HIV epidemic, and to monitor the scale-up, coverage, and impact of ongoing HIV prevention and treatment programmes.

Design:
Serial HIV prevalence study.

Methods:
We analyzed time trends in HIV prevalence in FSWs accessing services at seven Sex Worker Outreach Programme (SWOP) clinics in Nairobi from 2008 to 2017 (N = 33 560). The Mantel--Haenszel test for trend and independent samples Kruskal--Wallis test were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariable binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios/year, adjusting for several covariates.

Results:
HIV prevalence decreased over time in all age groups. This was particularly evident among FSWs less than 25 years of age; HIV was 17.5% in 2008–2009, decreasing to 12.2% in 2010–2011, 8.3% in 2012–2013, 7.3% in 2014–2015, and 4.8% in 2016–2017 (P < 0.0001). Over time, FSWs reported increased condom use, particularly with regular partners, more frequent prior HIV testing, and were less likely to report a history of vaginal discharge (P < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses compared with 2008, HIV prevalence decreased in 2011 (aPR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.46–0.90), 2012 (aPR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41–0.81), 2013 (aPR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.38–0.73), 2014 (aPR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.34–0.67), 2015 (aPR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.35–0.70), 2016 (aPR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.28–0.57), and 2017 (aPR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.22–0.50).

Conclusion:
HIV prevalence has decreased among FSW accessing SWOP in Nairobi, Kenya. This decline is consistent with the scale-up of HIV prevention and treatment efforts, both in FSWs and in the general population.
Aggressive Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer With Periosteal Reaction in 18F-Choline PET/CT
Authors: De Leiris Nicolas , Ruggeri Valentin , Riou Laurent , Laramas Mathieu , Djaileb Loïc 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Prostate cancer bone metastases usually appear as osteosclerotic lesions. However, atypical lesions have also been described. We report herein the case of a 65-year-old man treated since 2013 for prostate cancer with early bone metastases. This asymptomatic patient was referred for 18F-choline PET/CT due to a major elevation of prostate-specific antigen to >1500 ng/mL. The results indicated multiple bone lesions, disseminated on the axial skeleton, girdles, and upper extremities of femurs. Interestingly, we described the development of an intensely hypermetabolic spiculated periosteal reaction, evidencing a rapidly progressive disease.
Use of Islanded Supratrochlear Artery Component Paramedian Forehead Flap and Cranial Bone Graft for Composite Nasal Defect Reconstruction
Authors: Sharma Ramesh Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors present a case series of patients with composite loss of nasal skin cover and lining following road accidents. The nasal skeletal framework in all these cases was also severely communited. The reconstruction of all the these was achieved in 1 operation. The authors have utilized islanded supratrochlear artery based paramedian forehead skin and pericranial flap for reconstruction of both skin and lining defects. The nasal skeletal framework was restored with the help of cantilevered split cranial bone graft. In all but 1 patient, the reconstruction was done in the emergency setting at the time of initial admission itself. One patient had infected wound that necessitated an initial debridement and split skin grafting. In this case, the definitive reconstruction was done after a gap of 3 months.
A long-term follow-up of these patients is presented.
Direct Airway Instillation of Neutrophils Overcomes Chemotactic Deficits Induced by Injury
Authors: Zhang Quanzhi , Kwon Woon Yong , Vlková Barbora , Riça Ingred , Kaczmarek Elzbieta , Park Jinbong , Kim Hyo In , Konecna Barbora , Jung Françoise , Douglas Garry , Otterbein Leo E. , Hauser Carl J. , Itagaki Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Trauma induces neutrophil migration toward injury sites, both initiating wound healing and protecting against local bacterial infection. We have previously shown that mitochondrial formyl peptides (mtFPs) released by injured tissues act as chemoattractants by ligating neutrophil (PMN) formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). But this process can also internalize multiple neutrophil chemoattractant receptors and thus might limit neutrophil migration to the lung in response to bacteria. Our objective was to better understand susceptibility to pneumonia after injury and thus find ways to reverse it.

Methods and Results:
We modeled the alveolar chemotactic environment in pulmonary infections by incubating Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Survey of the chemotactic mediators in the resultant conditioned media (CM) showed multiple potent chemoattractants. Pretreating PMN with mtFPs to mimic injury potently reduced net migration toward CM and this net effect was mostly reversed by an FPR1 antagonist. Using an established mouse model of injury-dependent lung infection, we then showed simple instillation of exogenous unstimulated human neutrophils into the airway resulted in bacterial clearance from the lung.

Conclusion:
Injury-derived mtFPs suppress global PMN localization into complex chemotactic environments like infected alveoli. Transplantation of naive exogenous human neutrophils into the airway circumvents that pathologic process and prevents development of post-traumatic pneumonia without injury noted to the recipients.
Increased CHIP Prevalence Amongst People Living with HIV
Authors: Bick Alexander G. , Popadin Konstantin , Thorball Christian W. , Uddin Md Mesbah , Zanni Markella , Yu Bing , Cavassini Matthias , Rauch Andri , Tarr Philip , Schmid Patrick , Bernasconi Enos , Günthard Huldrych F. , Libby Peter , Boerwinkle Eric , McLaren Paul J. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Grinspoon Steven , Natarajan Pradeep , Fellay Jacques ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have significantly increased risk for cardiovascular disease in part due to inflammation and immune dysregulation. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), the age-related acquisition and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells due to leukemogenic driver mutations, increases risk for both hematologic malignancy and coronary artery disease (CAD). Since increased inflammation is hypothesized to be both a cause and consequence of CHIP, we hypothesized that PLWH have a greater prevalence of CHIP. We searched for CHIP in multi-ethnic cases from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS, n=600) and controls from the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Communities study (ARIC, n=8,111) from blood DNA-derived exome sequences. We observed that HIV is associated with increased CHIP prevalence, both in the whole study population and in a subset of 230 cases and 1002 matched controls selected by propensity matching to control for demographic imbalances (SHCS 7%, ARIC 3%, p=0.005). Additionally, unlike in ARIC, ASXL1 was the most commonly implicated mutated CHIP gene. We propose that CHIP may be one mechanism through which PLWH are at increased risk for CAD. Larger prospective studies should evaluate the hypothesis that CHIP contributes to the excess cardiovascular risk in PLWH.
Ready for a BASE jump? Do not neglect SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization and fatality risks in the middle-aged adult population
Authors: Lapidus Nathanael , Paireau Juliette , Levy-Bruhl Daniel , de Lamballerie Xavier , Severi Gianluca , Touvier Mathilde , Zins Marie , Cauchemez Simon , Carrat Fabrice ,   the SAPRIS-SERO study group
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeroprevalence results coupled with surveillance data were used to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalization (IHR) and infection fatality ratios (IFR) in France. IHR and IFR were dramatically high in the very elderly (80-90 years: IHR: 30%, IFR: 11%), but also substantial in middle-aged adults (40-50 years: IHR: 1.2%, IFR: 0.05%).
Non-Canonical Odor Coding in the Mosquito
Authors: Younger Meg A. , Herre Margaret , Goldman Olivia V. , Lu Tzu-Chiao , Caballero-Vidal Gabriela , Qi Yanyan , Gilbert Zachary N. , Gong Zhongyan , Morita Takeshi , Rahiel Saher , Ghaninia Majid , Ignell Rickard , Matthews Benjamin J. , Li Hongjie , Vosshall Leslie B. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYFemaleAedes aegyptimosquitoes are a persistent human foe, transmitting arboviruses including dengue and yellow fever when they bite us to obtain a blood meal. Mosquitoes are intensely attracted to human-emitted body odor, heat, and carbon dioxide, which they detect using three different large multi-gene families encoding odor-gated ion channels. Genetic mutations that cause profound disruptions to the olfactory system have modest effects on human attraction, suggesting significant redundancy in odor coding. The canonical view is that olfactory sensory neurons each express a single chemosensory receptor that defines its ligand selectivity. Using immunostaining, RNAin situhybridization, and single nucleus RNA sequencing, we discovered thatAedes aegyptiuses an entirely different organizational principle, with many neurons co-expressing multiple chemosensory receptor genes.In vivoelectrophysiology demonstrates that the broad ligand-sensitivity of mosquito olfactory neurons is due to this non-canonical co-expression. The redundancy afforded by an olfactory system in which many neurons co-express multiple receptors with different chemical sensitivity may greatly increase the robustness of the mosquito olfactory system and explain our longstanding inability to engineer new compounds that disrupt the detection of human body odor by mosquitoes.
EGRET: Edge Aggregated Graph Attention Networks and Transfer Learning Improve Protein-Protein Interaction Site Prediction
Authors: Mahbub Sazan , Bayzid Md Shamsuzzoha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivationProtein-protein interactions are central to most biological processes. However, reliable identification of protein-protein interaction (PPI) sites using conventional experimental methods is slow and expensive. Therefore, great efforts are being put into computational methods to identify PPI sites.ResultsWe present EGRET, a highly accurate deep learning based method for PPI site prediction, where we have used an edge aggregated graph attention network to effectively leverage the structural information. We, for the first time, have used transfer learning in PPI site prediction. Our proposed edge aggregated network, together with transfer learning, has achieved notable improvement over the best alternate methods. Furthermore, we systematically investigated EGRET’s network behavior to provide insights about the causes of its decisions.AvailabilityEGRET is freely available as an open source project athttps://github.com/Sazan-Mahbub/EGRET.Contactshams_bayzid@cse.buet.ac.bdKey PointsWe present a comprehensive assessment of a compendium of computational protocols to solve an important problem in computational proteomics.We present a highly accurate deep learning method, EGRET, for Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) site prediction for isolated proteins.We have used an edge aggregated graph attention network to effectively capture the structural information for PPI site prediction.We, for the first time, present a successful utilization of transfer-learning from pretrained transformer-like models in PPI site prediction.
Intraoperative enrichment of bone autograft with autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells isolated simultaneously: moving towards tissue engineeringin situ
Authors: Baranovskii D.S. , Akhmedov B.G. , Krasilnikova O.A. , Demchenko A.G. , Krasheninnikov M.E. , Balyasin M.V. , Pavlova O.Yu. , Serova N.S. , Klabukov I.D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of tissue-engineered bone autografts is a promising approach for bone defects restoration. The isolation of cells and their seeding on bone autograft is usually carried out in a laboratory, requiring significant time and two separate surgical interventions. Intraoperative creation of tissue-engineered bone autograft can represent a perspective solution. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of creation of tissue-engineered bone autograft by intraoperative enrichment of bone tissue with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) isolated simultaneously.MethodsRed bone marrow and autologous bone tissue (bone fragments and bone chips) of the donor were harvested intraoperatively. BM-MNCs were isolated, and bone fragments were enriched with BM-MNCs intraoperatively. Assessment of the adhesion and proliferation of BM-MNCs on bone fragments was carried out by fluorescence microscopy and histological examination. MTT assay was used to compare metabolic activity of BM-MNCs and wBMA cells seeded on bone chips.ResultsAutologous bone fragments were colonized with autologous BM-MNCs isolated simultaneously in the O.R. with further adhesion and active growth of cells. When seeded on bone chips, metabolic activity of BM-MNCs was statistically significantly higher compared to wBMA cells (p-value=0.0272) on day 14. There was no difference in metabolic activity of BM-MNCs and wBMA cells cultured in nutrient medium without bone chips.ConclusionTechnically simple method of intraoperative enrichment of autologous bone fragments with BM-MNCs isolated simultaneously allowed to create tissue-engineered bone autograft in the O.R. The safety and effectiveness of intraoperatively enriched autografts should be investigated further.
Predicting Drug Interactions to Unassociated Biomedical Implants Using Machine Learning Techniques and Model Polymers
Authors: Kerner Jacob , Recum Horst von 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAffinity based drug delivery mechanisms increase efficacy and minimalize off target effects when compared to non-specific methods due to the localization of drugs within target areas. While this is beneficial for targeted delivery, introduction of foreign polymeric medical devices into the body provide a potential area of localization due to high affinity between administered drugs and polymers. Previous attempts at creating models to predict affinity between small molecule drugs and polymers require a specific model be trained for each individual polymer failing to incorporate input features of both the polymer (host) and small molecule drug (guest). Within, we propose a universal model built using a neural network and quantitative structure activity relationships to predict the binding energy between guest and host molecules using input features. The trained model returned a correlation value, R2, of 0.9806 and 0.9958 between predicted and experimental binding affinity for the training and validation sets, respectively. This correlates to a mean absolute error of 0.951 kJ/mol and 0.771 kJ/mol for the training and validation sets, respectively. While limited to the current polymers used to train the model, the dataset can be expanded, and models retrained for further applications.