bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Feynman integrals in the parametric representation
Authors: Chen Wen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the reduction of Feynman integrals in the parametric representation is considered. This method proves to be more efficient than the integration-by-part (IBP) method in the momentum space. Tensor integrals can directly be parametrized without performing tensor reductions. The integrands of parametric integrals are functions of Lorentz scalars, instead of four momenta. The complexity of a calculation is determined by the number of propagators that are present rather than the number of all the linearly independent propagators. Furthermore, the symmetries of Feynman integrals under permutations of indices are transparent in the parametric representation. Since all the indices of the propagators are nonnegative, an algorithm to solve those identities can easily be developed, which can be used for automatic calculations.
Lungenfunktion in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie: Methoden und erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Karrasch Stefan , Peters Annette , Meisinger Christa , Ferland Maike , Jaeschke Lina , Pischon Tobias , Fricke Julia , Keil Thomas , Gastell Sylvia , Schulze Matthias , Brandes Mirko , Günther Kathrin , Kuß Oliver , Schikowski Tamara , Emmel Carina , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Michels Karin B. , Franzke Claus-Werner , Langer Susan , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Jagodzinski Annika , Becher Heiko , Castell Stefanie , Kemmling Yvonne , Waniek Sabina , Lieb Wolfgang , Wirkner Kerstin , Loeffler Markus , Greiser Karin Halina , Kaaks Rudolf , Legath Nicole , Berger Klaus , Schipf Sabine , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Sedlmeier Anja , Leitzmann Michael , Brenner Hermann , Holleczek Bernd , Schulz Holger 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine Erhebung des respiratorischen Gesundheitszustandes auf Grundlage bundesweit einheitlich durchgeführter Lungenfunktionsmessungen lag in Deutschland bislang nicht vor. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt das Vorgehen bei der Untersuchung der Lungenfunktion in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie und stellt erste Ergebnisse auf der Datenbasis zur Halbzeit der Basiserhebung vor.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden eine Spirometrie (Level 1) und eine Messung des exhalierten Stickstoffmonoxids (FeNO, Level 2) durchgeführt. Das Qualitätssicherungskonzept beinhaltete regelmäßige Schulungen der Lungenfunktionsprüfung an verschiedenen NAKO-Standorten, Zwischenauswertungen zur Untersuchungsqualität und regelmäßige Kalibrations‑/Messkontrollen der Untersuchungsgeräte. Für die Spirometrie wurde zudem ein stufenweises Vorgehen zur Offlinequalitätskontrolle auf Basis der Fluss-Volumen-Rohkurven etabliert.

Ergebnisse
In den betrachteten Daten (n = 101.734) lag eine Spirometrie bei 86.893 Teilnehmenden und eine FeNO-Messung bei 15.228 Teilnehmenden vor. Es fand sich im Mittel (±SD) für die Einsekundenkapazität (FEV1) ein Z‑Score (gemäß GLI 2012) von −0,321 ± 1,047, für die forcierte Vitalkapazität (FVC) ein Z‑Score von −0,153 ± 0,941 und für den Tiffeneau-Index (FEV1/FVC) ein Z‑Score von −0,337 ± 0,901. Die Differenz in FEV1/FVC zwischen Rauchern und Nie-Rauchern stieg mit dem Alter an. FeNO lag im geometrischen Mittel bei 14,2 ÷ 2,0 ppb, bei aktiven Rauchern war FeNO um 43 % vermindert, bei Nie‑/Ex-Rauchern mit respiratorischer Allergie um 16 % erhöht.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse der Spirometrie und FeNO-Messungen liegen bezüglich ihrer Verteilungen und bekannter Einflussgrößen im erwarteten Bereich. Die NAKO liefert damit die Datenbasis zur Untersuchung der Atemwegsgesundheit und ihrer Determinanten sowie zur Eruierung der Möglichkeiten zur Prävention respiratorischer Erkrankungen in Deutschland.
Novel 1-hydroxypyridin-2-one metal chelators prevent and rescue ubiquitin proteasomal-related neuronal injury in an in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lewis Frank W. , Fairooz Safiya , Elson Joanna L. , Hubscher-Bruder Véronique , Brandel Jeremy , Soundararajan Meera , Smith David , Dexter David T. , Tétard David , Pienaar Ilse S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUbiquitin proteasome system (UPS) impairment, excessive cellular oxidative stress, and iron dyshomeostasis are key to substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, a link between these features remains unconfirmed. Using the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin we confirm that nigral injury via UPS impairment disrupts iron homeostasis, in turn increasing oxidative stress and promoting protein aggregation. We demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of two novel 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone (1,2-HOPO) iron chelators, compounds C6 and C9, against lactacystin-induced cell death. We demonstrate that this cellular preservation relates to the compounds’ iron chelating capabilities and subsequent reduced capacity of iron to form reactive oxygen species (ROS), where we also show that the ligands act as antioxidant agents. Our results also demonstrate the ability of C6 and C9 to reduce intracellular lactacystin-induced α-synuclein burden. Stability constant measurements confirmed a high affinity of C6 and C9 for Fe3+ and display a 3:1 HOPO:Fe3+ complex formation at physiological pH. Reducing iron reactivity could prevent the demise of nigral dopaminergic neurons. We provide evidence that the lactacystin model presents with several neuropathological hallmarks of PD related to iron dyshomeostasis and that the novel chelating compounds C6 and C9 can protect against lactacystin-related neurotoxicity.
Cadmium exposure enhances cell migration and invasion through modulated TRPM7 channel expression
Authors: Vanlaeys Alison , Fouquet Grégory , Kischel Philippe , Hague Frédéric , Pasco-Brassart Sylvie , Lefebvre Thibaut , Rybarczyk Pierre , Dhennin-Duthille Isabelle , Brassart Bertrand , Ouadid-Ahidouch Halima , Gautier Mathieu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCadmium is a xenobiotic involved in neoplastic transformation. Cadmium enters the cells through divalent cation transporters including the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-related 7 (TRPM7) which is known to be involved in cancer cell fate. This work aimed to study the role of TRPM7 in neoplastic transformation induced by cadmium exposure in non-cancer epithelial cells. Non-cancer epithelial cells were chronically exposed to low-dose of cadmium. TRPM7 expression and function were studied by Western-Blot, Patch-Clamp and calcium and magnesium imaging. Finally, cell migration and invasion were studied by Boyden chamber assays. Chronic cadmium exposure induced TRPM7 overexpression and increased the membrane currents (P < 0.001). Cells exposed to cadmium had higher intracellular calcium and magnesium levels (P < 0.05). TRPM7 silencing restored calcium levels but strongly decreased intracellular magnesium concentration (P < 0.001). Moreover, cadmium exposure enhanced both cell migration and invasion, but TRPM7 silencing strongly decreased these features (P < 0.001). Furthermore, mammary epithelial cells exposed to cadmium became rounded and had less cell-to-cell junctions. Cadmium exposure decreased epithelial markers while the mesenchymal ones were increased. Importantly, TRPM7 silencing was able to reverse these phenotypic modifications (P < 0.05). To summarize, our data show that chronic cadmium exposure enhanced TRPM7 expression and activity in non-cancer epithelial cells. TRPM7 overexpression induced intracellular magnesium increase and stimulated cell migration and invasion. These neoplastic properties could be linked to a TRPM7-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition reprogramming in cell exposed to cadmium. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of cell fates by cadmium exposure.
Structured CT reporting improves accuracy in diagnosing internal herniation after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Ederveen Jeannette C. , Nienhuijs Simon W. , Jol Saskia , Robben Simon G.F. , Nederend Joost 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To confirm that structured reporting of CT scans using ten signs in clinical practice leads to a better accuracy in diagnosing internal herniation (IH) after gastric bypass surgery, compared with free-text reporting.

Methods
In this prospective study, CT scans between June 1, 2017, and December 1, 2018, were included from a cohort of 2606 patients who had undergone laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2018. The CT scans were made for a suspicion of IH and structured reports were made using a standardised template with ten signs: (1) swirl sign, (2) small-bowel obstruction, (3) clustered loops, (4) mushroom sign, (5) hurricane eye sign, (6) small bowel behind the superior mesenteric artery, (7) right-sided anastomosis, (8) enlarged nodes, (9) venous congestion, and (10) mesenteric oedema. Furthermore, an overall impression of IH likelihood was given using a 5-point Likert scale. CT scans performed in 2011 until 2017, without structured reporting, were included for comparison. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated using two-way contingency tables; the chi-square test was used for calculating p value. Reoperation and 3-month follow-up were used as reference.

Results
A total of 174 CT scans with structured reporting and 289 CT scans without structured reporting were included. Sensitivity was 81.3% (95% CI, 67.7–94.8%) and 79.5% (95% CI, 67.6–91.5%), respectively (p = 0.854); specificity was 95.8% (95% CI, 92.5–99.1%) and 88.6% (95% CI, 84.6–92.6%), respectively (p = 0.016); PPV was 81.3% (95% CI, 67.7–94.8%) and 55.6% (95% CI, 43.3–67.8%), respectively (p = 0.014); NPV was 95.8% (95% CI, 92.5–99.1%) and 96.0% (95% CI, 93.5–98.6%), respectively (p = 0.909); and accuracy was 93.1% (95% CI, 88.0–96.2%) and 87.2% (95% CI, 82.7–90.7%), respectively (p = 0.045).

Conclusion
Structured reporting for the diagnosis of internal herniation after gastric bypass surgery improves accuracy and can be implemented in clinical practice with good results.

Key Points
• Ten signs are used to aid CT diagnosis of internal herniation after gastric bypass surgery.
• Structured reporting increases specificity and positive predictive value and thereby prevents unnecessary reoperations in patients without internal herniation.
• Structured reporting by means of a standardised template can help less experienced readers.
Pollen limitation in a single year is not compensated by future reproduction
Authors: Tye Matthew , Dahlgren Johan P. , Sletvold Nina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeed production is critical to the persistence of most flowering plant populations, but may be strongly pollen limited. To what extent long-lived plants can compensate pollen limitation by increasing future reproduction is poorly understood. We tested for compensation in two Dactylorhiza species that differ in reproductive investment by experimentally reducing and increasing pollination in two independent annual cohorts and monitoring demographic responses in the subsequent 2 years for the 2014 cohort and in 1 year for the 2015 cohort. Demographic rates in the second year were significantly affected by pollination treatment in both species, but specific responses differed both between species and years. There was no effect of pollination treatment on demographic responses in the third year. In sum, effects were too weak to make up for the lost reproduction; total fruit production across all 3 years was by far highest in the increased pollination treatment in both species. These results show that long-lived plants do not necessarily compensate for pollen limitation by increasing future reproduction. It further suggests that even periodic declines in pollination rates may have severe demographic consequences, particularly in populations where germination is not density dependent. This has implications for predicting plant population viability in response to changes in pollination intensity.
Shunt infusion studies: impact on patient outcome, including health economics
Authors: Lalou Afroditi-Despina , Czosnyka Marek , Garnett Matthew R. , Nabbanja Eva , Petrella Gianpaolo , Hutchinson Peter J. , Pickard John D. , Czosnyka Zofia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The diagnosis of shunt malfunction is often not straightforward. We have explored, in symptomatic shunted patients with hydrocephalus or pseudotumour cerebri syndrome (PTCS), the accuracy of CSF infusion tests in differentiating a functioning shunt from one with possible problems, and the health economic consequences.

Methods
Participants: hydrocephalus/PTCS patients with infusion tests performed from January 2013 until December 2015. We followed patients up after 6 and 12 months from the test to determine whether they had improved, had persisting symptoms or had required urgent revision. We calculated the total cost savings of revision versus infusion tests and standard protocol of revision and ICP monitoring versus infusion tests.

Results
Three hundred sixty-five shunt infusion tests had been performed where a shunt prechamber/reservoir was present. For hydrocephalus patients, more than half of the tests (~ 55%, 155 out of 280) showed no shunt malfunction versus 125 with possible malfunction (ages 4 months to 90 years old). For PTCS patients aged 10 to 77 years old, 47 had possible problems and 38 no indication for shunt malfunction. Overall, > 290 unnecessary revisions were avoided over 3 years’ time. Two hundred fifty-eight (> 85%) of those non-surgically managed, remained well, did not deteriorate and did not require surgery. No infections were associated with infusion studies. For Cambridge, the overall savings from avoiding revisions was £945,415 annually.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence of the importance of shunt testing in vivo to confirm shunt malfunction. Avoiding unnecessary shunt revisions carries a strong health benefit for patients that also translates to a significant financial benefit for the National Health Service and potentially for other healthcare systems worldwide.
Some analytic results on interpolating sesqui-harmonic maps
Authors: Branding Volker 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study various analytic aspects of interpolating sesqui-harmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds where we mostly focus on the case of a spherical target. The latter are critical points of an energy functional that interpolates between the functionals for harmonic and biharmonic maps. In the case of a spherical target, we will derive a conservation law and use it to show the smoothness of weak solutions. Moreover, we will obtain several classification results for interpolating sesqui-harmonic maps.
Analysis of Gender Perceptions in Health Technology: A Call to Action
Authors: Denend Lyn , McCutcheon Stacey , Regan Mike , Sainz Maria , Yock Paul , Azagury Dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGender diversity has been linked to positive business results. Yet limited data exist to characterize the gender landscape in health technology, a field that draws employees from both biomedical engineering and medicine. To better understand the state of gender diversity in this industry, we developed a survey to explore leadership representation and perceptions of workplace equality, job satisfaction, and work-life balance. Data from 400 + health technology professionals revealed that women are significantly underrepresented in senior leadership and that men and women experience the workplace differently. Men believe in greater numbers than females that senior leaders are focused on recruiting and promoting women, promotion criteria are equitable, and the major barrier to leadership roles for women is work/family balance. In contrast, women perceive a less meritocratic and inclusive workplace in which their ability to rise is hampered by exclusion from influential communication networks and stereotyping/bias. Perhaps as a result, more than one-third of female respondents are considering leaving their current jobs, citing dissatisfaction with management and a desire for greater advancement opportunities. This study highlights significant gender perception differences in health technology that require further study and proactive remediation for the field to fully realize the benefits of gender diversity.
On the tensor spectral p-norm and its dual norm via partitions
Authors: Chen Bilian , Li Zhening 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a generalization of the spectral norm and the nuclear norm of a tensor via arbitrary tensor partitions, a much richer concept than block tensors. We show that the spectral p-norm and the nuclear p-norm of a tensor can be lower and upper bounded by manipulating the spectral p-norms and the nuclear p-norms of subtensors in an arbitrary partition of the tensor for $$1\le p\le \infty$$1≤p≤∞. Hence, it generalizes and answers affirmatively the conjecture proposed by Li (SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 37:1440–1452, 2016) for a tensor partition and $$p=2$$p=2. We study the relations of the norms of a tensor, the norms of matrix unfoldings of the tensor, and the bounds via the norms of matrix slices of the tensor. Various bounds of the tensor spectral and nuclear norms in the literature are implied by our results.
Nash versus coarse correlation
Authors: Georgalos Konstantinos , Ray Indrajit , SenGupta Sonali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe run a laboratory experiment to test the concept of coarse correlated equilibrium (Moulin and Vial in Int J Game Theory 7:201–221, 1978), with a two-person game with unique pure Nash equilibrium which is also the solution of iterative elimination of strictly dominated strategies. The subjects are asked to commit to a device that randomly picks one of three symmetric outcomes (including the Nash point) with higher ex-ante expected payoff than the Nash equilibrium payoff. We find that the subjects do not accept this lottery (which is a coarse correlated equilibrium); instead, they choose to play the game and coordinate on the Nash equilibrium. However, given an individual choice between a lottery with equal probabilities of the same outcomes and the sure payoff as in the Nash point, the lottery is chosen by the subjects. This result is robust against a few variations. We explain our result as selecting risk-dominance over payoff dominance in equilibrium.
Perceived effects of climate change on profit efficiency among small scale chili pepper marketers in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Djomo Choumbou Raoul Fani , Ukpe Henrietta Udeme , Ngo Ngo Valery , Mohamadou Sani , Adedze Miranda , Pemunta Ngambouk Vitalis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the determination of the level of efficiency of an enterprise, the role of climate change cannot be overemphasized. However, some scholars are of the view that climate change might not really affect the level of efficiency of an enterprise due to its indirect effect on the performance of an enterprise. Understanding the perception of marketers of agricultural produce about climate change in agribusiness is paramount to sustain small scale enterprises. This study sought to analyze the perceived effects of climate change on profit efficiency among small scale chili pepper marketers in Benue State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using stochastic frontier production function. A combination of purposive and random sampling techniques was used to select 349 producers and marketers, 152 processors, 143 processed retailers and 145 non-processed retailers giving a total of 789 small scale chili pepper marketers from three (3) agricultural zones that make up Benue State, Nigeria. The result showed that on the average, small scale chili pepper marketers are relatively profit efficient. The results also showed that in the marketing chain, small scale processed retailers had the highest mean profit efficiency (0.86). It was therefore recommended that switching business to adapt to crop varieties (cereal crops) that are more resilient to climate change could be an opportunity to small scale chili pepper marketers struggling with chili pepper to leapfrog previous performance and become more productive. Further, the training on preservation of perishable crop should be given to chili pepper producers and marketers and non-processed retailers given that excessive rainfall decreases their profit efficiency.
Natural Plant Resources for Sustainable Development: Insights from Community Use in the Chimanimani Trans-Frontier Conservation Area, Mozambique
Authors: Hudson Alex , Milliken William , Timberlake Jonathan , Giovannini Peter , Fijamo Valdemar , Massunde Joao , Chipanga Hercilia , Nivunga Milagre , Ulian Tiziana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn rural African communities, wild plant species are a valuable resource that are often threatened by agricultural conversion and overexploitation. To understand the harvest and sale of wild plant species that provide fruits and raw materials for artisanal products, this study used ethnobotanical and socio-economic methods to engage communities in the Chimanimani Trans-Frontier Conservation Area, Mozambique. Use was dependent on local availability and market accessibility. Incomes are made from Uapaca kirkiana fruits in some communities and Strychnos madagascariensis in others; some earn money from Cyperus spp. mats whilst others use Phragmites mauritianus. Less marketed items included baskets made from numerous species (including Oxytenanthera abyssinica) and wooden implements (e.g. made from Pterocarpus angolensis) which are used to process, store and transport maize. Conservation and development could potentially benefit from value-addition activities, new management systems (like agroforestry), or population protection and restoration. This should include analysis of population extents and production levels.
Well-Posedness to the Cauchy Problem of a Fully Dispersive Boussinesq System
Authors: Wang Yuexun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work concerns the local well-posedness to the Cauchy problem of a fully dispersive Boussinesq system which models fully dispersive water waves in two and three spatial dimensions. Our purpose is to understand the modified energy approach (Kalisch and Pilod in Proc Am Math Soc 147:2545–2559, 2019) in a different point view by utilizing the symmetrization of hyperbolic systems which produces an equivalent modified energy.
Multigrid Schemes for High Order Discretizations of Hyperbolic Problems
Authors: Ruggiu Andrea A. , Nordström Jan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTotal variation diminishing multigrid methods have been developed for first order accurate discretizations of hyperbolic conservation laws. This technique is based on a so-called upwind biased residual interpolation and allows for algorithms devoid of spurious numerical oscillations in the transient phase. In this paper, we justify the introduction of such prolongation and restriction operators by rewriting the algorithm in a matrix-vector notation. This perspective sheds new light on multigrid procedures for hyperbolic problems and provides a direct extension for high order accurate difference approximations. The new multigrid procedure is presented, advantages and disadvantages are discussed and numerical experiments are performed.