bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming effects on dung beetle ecosystem services: brood production and dung burial by a tunnelling dung beetle,Onthophagus taurus(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is reduced by experimental warming
Authors: Holley Jean M , Andrew Nigel R 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDung beetles provide economically valuable ecosystem services to agriculture. Dung beetles are also sensitive to climate change, which may impact on the services that they provide. Using climate‐controlled chambers, we investigated the potential effects of climate change on the performance of a tunnelling dung beetle,Onthophagus taurus. Over two trials, we exposed beetles to a +0°C, +2°C or +4°C increase in diurnally fluctuating field recorded temperatures and measured survival, pat departure, reproduction (brood number and size) and dung burial by beetles. Temperature treatment did not affect pat departure behaviour. Relative to the control +0°C chambers, beetle survival was higher in the +2°C chambers, but there was no difference in survival between the +0°C and +4°C chambers. In Trial 1, brood number was reduced in both the +2°C and +4°C chambers, relative to the +0°C chambers. In Trial 2, brood number was significantly reduced relative to control chambers in the +2°C chambers only. Temperature did not affect brood size. Across temperature treatments, there was a significant, positive relationship between brood number and dung burial. However, trends in brood production with temperature were not mirrored by dung burial; the only reduction in dung burial was found in the warmest treatment of Trial 2. Our results suggest that initially, warming may not substantially reduce dung burial byO. taurus; however, ecosystem services may be impacted if lower brood production eventually reduces beetle numbers. Studies such as ours identify the vulnerabilities of ecosystem service providers to climate change and in doing so are an essential first step in the management of ecosystem services under future warming.
Controlling Families’ Risk Allocation in a Business Group
Authors: Chae Joon , Kang Hyung Cheol , Lee Eun Jung , Lee Yu Kyung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper explores family business groups and their motivation for risk taking in each affiliate. We study whether the controlling family determines the level of risk taken by an affiliate in its business group based on the amount of family wealth that is invested in the affiliate. We find that the affiliates in which the controlling family has more (less) investment take less (more) risk. Our results indicate that the controlling family decides the riskiness of each affiliate based on the family’s interests at both the firm level and the business‐group level.
Seasonal variation in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Denmark
Authors: Rohr Thomsen Christine , Brink Henriksen Tine , Uldbjerg Niels , Milidou Ioanna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionHypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, are leading causes of morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. It has been proposed that vitamin D affects a number of biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Therefore, a seasonal variation in the risk of these disorders might be expected in areas such as Denmark with marked seasonal variation in sunlight exposure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the existence of this association.Material and methodsWe used information from a cohort of 50 665 previously healthy, nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. All women gave birth between 1989 and 2010 at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Logistic regression analyses combined with the cubic spline method were used to estimate the seasonal variation for each outcome: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, after adjusting for calendar time.ResultsOf the 50 665 women included, 8.5% were diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The overall tendency was towards increasing risk when conceiving during spring and early summer, peaking midsummer, and subsequently decreasing steadily during late summer and fall to reach the nadir by winter. Seasonal variation was found for; gestational hypertension (P = .01); preeclampsia (P = .001) and early‐onset preeclampsia (P = .014).ConclusionsWe found a seasonal variation in the risk of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a large cohort of Danish nulliparous women. The highest risk was seen in women with the estimated date of conception in June and August, that is, during summer. Seasonal variation in vitamin D status may explain this association.
Influence of SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on lopinavir Ctrough in Serbian HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Dragović Gordana , Dimitrijević Božana , Kušić Jovana , Soldatović Ivan , Jevtović Djordje , Olagunju Adeniyi , Owen Andrew 
Published: February 2020

AimsLopinavir (LPV) is not a first‐line regimen. According to recent WHO data, LPV usage in low‐ and middle‐income countries accounted for approximately 52% of the adult and 23% of the paediatric protease inhibitor market in 2017. Since LPV is a substrate for the SLCO1B1 (OATP1B1) transporter, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of SLCO1B1 polymorphisms (rs11045819, rs4149032 and rs4149056) on LPV trough plasma concentrations (Ctrough) in Serbian patients.MethodsPlasma samples from 104 HIV/AIDS Caucasians were collected. LPV Ctrough was quantified using liquid‐chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Genotyping was carried out using real‐time‐PCR‐based allelic discrimination. One‐way analysis of variance, t test and linear regression were used for data analysis.ResultsThe overall mean (SD) LPV Ctrough was 5885 ± 2755 ng/mL. Significant differences were between patients with different rs11045819 genotypes: CC (LPV median Ctrough = 6072 ng/mL, interquartile range (IQR) = 4318–7617 ng/mL), CA (LPV median Ctrough = 4987 ng/mL, IQR = 4300–6295 ng/mL) and AA (LPV median Ctrough = 3648 ng/mL, IQR = 1949–4072 ng/mL) (P = .005). Significant differences were also observed according to rs4149032 genotype: CC (LPV median Ctrough = 6027 ng/mL, IQR =4548–8250 ng/mL), CT (LPV median Ctrough = 5553 ng/mL, IQR = 4300–6888 ng/mL) and TT (LPV median Ctrough = 4408 ng/mL, IQR = 3361–5233 ng/mL) (P = .007). For rs4149056 a statistically significant difference between T‐homozygotes (LPV median Ctrough = 5434 ng/mL, IQR = 3855–6830 ng/mL), heterozygotes (LPV median Ctrough = 6707 ng/mL, IQR = 5088–8063 ng/mL) and C‐homozygotes (LPV median Ctrough = 13906 ng/mL, IQR = 12946–14866 ng/mL) was observed (P = .002). In multivariate regression analysis, only the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 polymorphism was independently associated with higher LPV Ctrough (β = 2834.5 [1442–4226.9] ng/mL [P = .001]).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a statistically significant influence of the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 polymorphism on higher LPV Ctrough in Caucasian HIV/AIDS patients.
Relapse or reinfection: Classification of malaria infection using transition likelihoods
Authors: Lin Feng‐Chang , Li Quefeng , Lin Jessica T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn patients withPlasmodium vivaxmalaria treated with effective blood‐stage therapy, the recurrent illness may occur due to relapse from latent liver‐stage infection or reinfection from a new mosquito bite. Classification of the recurrent infection as either relapse or reinfection is critical when evaluating the efficacy of an anti‐relapse treatment. Although one can use whether a shared genetic variant exists between baseline and recurrence genotypes to classify the outcome, little has been suggested to use both sharing and nonsharing variants to improve the classification accuracy. In this paper, we develop a novel classification criterion that utilizes transition likelihoods to distinguish relapse from reinfection. When tested in extensive simulation experiments with known outcomes, our classifier has superior operating characteristics. A real data set from 78 CambodianP. vivaxmalaria patients was analyzed to demonstrate the practical use of our proposed method.
Identifying mechanisms of genetic differentiation among populations in vagile species: historical factors dominate genetic differentiation in seabirds
Authors: Lombal Anicee J. , O'dwyer James E. , Friesen Vicki , Woehler Eric J. , Burridge Christopher P. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTElucidating the factors underlying the origin and maintenance of genetic variation among populations is crucial for our understanding of their ecology and evolution, and also to help identify conservation priorities. While intrinsic movement has been hypothesized as the major determinant of population genetic structuring in abundant vagile species, growing evidence indicates that vagility does not always predict genetic differentiation. However, identifying the determinants of genetic structuring can be challenging, and these are largely unknown for most vagile species. Although, in principle, levels of gene flow can be inferred from neutral allele frequency divergence among populations, underlying assumptions may be unrealistic. Moreover, molecular studies have suggested that contemporary gene flow has often not overridden historical influences on population genetic structure, which indicates potential inadequacies of any interpretations that fail to consider the influence of history in shaping that structure. This exhaustive review of the theoretical and empirical literature investigates the determinants of population genetic differentiation using seabirds as a model system for vagile taxa. Seabirds provide a tractable group within which to identify the determinants of genetic differentiation, given their widespread distribution in marine habitats and an abundance of ecological and genetic studies conducted on this group. Herein we evaluate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in 73 seabird species. Lack of mutation–drift equilibrium observed in 19% of species coincided with lower estimates of genetic differentiation, suggesting that dynamic demographic histories can often lead to erroneous interpretations of contemporary gene flow, even in vagile species. Presence of land across the species sampling range, or sampling of breeding colonies representing ice‐free Pleistocene refuge zones, appear to be associated with genetic differentiation in Tropical and Southern Temperate species, respectively, indicating that long‐term barriers and persistence of populations are important for their genetic structuring. Conversely, biotic factors commonly considered to influence population genetic structure, such as spatial segregation during foraging, were inconsistently associated with population genetic differentiation. In light of these results, we recommend that genetic studies should consider potential historical events when identifying determinants of genetic differentiation among populations to avoid overestimating the role of contemporary factors, even for highly vagile taxa.
Naming Your Child in a Same‐Sex Parenting Situation: Identity of the Child, Parental Status, and Kinship Ties
Authors: Charton Laurence , Lemieux Denise 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Quebec, since the adoption in 2002 of the Act instituting civil unions and establishing new rules of filiation, same sex partners can be officially recognized as the parents of a child. They are invested with all the rights and obligations related to parentage and parental authority, including naming. From a qualitative analysis of interviews realized in 2014 in Quebec with 18 mothers and fathers in lesbian and gay couple relationships, this article examines the nomination processes of children born from gay or lesbian couples in terms of the modalities of entry into parenthood (biological, social, adoptive). Beyond innovations and specificities related to means of family formation where filiation is only partially or not at all rooted in biology and their categorization as same‐sex families, the name passed to the child is often considered by those parents as a means to consolidate “social” parental statuses and fraternal links.
Effect of l‐thyroxine administration before breakfast vs at bedtime on hypothyroidism: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pang Xiao , Pu Tao , Xu Li , Sun Ru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the effects of l‐thyroxine (L‐T4) administration before breakfast and administration at bedtime on hypothyroidism.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases were searched to identify relevant articles. All prospective or randomized controlled studies (RCTs) comparing L‐T4 administration before breakfast to the administration at bedtime in patients with hypothyroidism were included in the analysis.ResultsInitially, 2884 articles were retrieved from the databases, and 10 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. The effect of L‐T4 administration before breakfast compared with administration at bedtime had no statistically significant association with hormone thyrotropin (TSH) (Standardized mean differences [SMD] = 0.09, 95% confidence intervals (CI): −0.12, 0.30; P = .39), or free triiodothyronine (FT3) (SMD=−0.19, 95% CI: −0.53, 0.15; P = .28) in patients with hypothyroidism. However, the result of FT4 level was favourable for L‐T4 bedtime administration group (SMD=−0.27, 95% CI: −0.52, −0.02; P = .03).ConclusionOur meta‐analysis revealed that L‐T4 administration at bedtime is as effective as administration before breakfast for patients with hypothyroidism. Taking L‐T4 at bedtime may be an attractive option for patients with hypothyroidism.
Evaluating SafeCare® in Israel: Benefits for the families
Authors: Oppenheim‐Weller Shani , Zeira Anat , Mazursky Nofar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSafeCare® is a home‐based intervention programme targeting parents of children up to 5 years old and is designed to reduce and even prevent child abuse and neglect. Here, we present an evaluation of a pilot trial of SafeCare® in Israel, examining family's outcomes. We examined parents' behavioural changes resulting from the three main modules of SafeCare®: the Health, Safety, and Parent‐Child/Infant Interaction. We also studied the unplanned effects of SafeCare® by examining maternal depressive symptoms. Participants were 46 mothers with children identified as being at risk of neglect by the local Department of Social Services who completed the programme. The mothers filled out questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of their participation. After completing the programme, mothers' self‐reports showed changes in how they would treat a sick child, an increase in feelings of competency, and a decline in symptoms of depression. We thus conclude that SafeCare® helped the participating mothers, enhancing their feelings of competency and changing several of their behaviours.
LEF1 haploinsufficiency causes ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Lévy Jonathan , Capri Yline , Rachid Myriam , Dupont Céline , Vermeesch Joris R. , Devriendt Koen , Verloes Alain , Tabet Anne‐Claude , Bailleul‐Forestier Isabelle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEctodermal dysplasias are a family of genodermatoses commonly associated with variants in the ectodysplasin/NF‐κB or the Wnt/β‐catenin pathways. Both pathways are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during the development of ectoderm‐derived structures. Wnt/β‐catenin pathway requires the lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1), a nuclear mediator, to activate target gene expression. In mice, targeted inactivation of the LEF1 gene results in a complete block of development of multiple ectodermal appendages. We report two unrelated patients with 4q25 de novo deletion encompassing LEF1, associated with severe oligodontia of primary and permanent dentition, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis compatible with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Taurodontism and a particular alveolar bone defect were also observed in both patients. So far, no pathogenic variants or variations involving the LEF1 gene have been reported in human. We provide further evidence for LEF1 haploinsufficiency role in ectodermal dysplasia and delineate its clinical phenotype.
Association of traditional and novel measures of central obesity with cognitive performance in older multi‐ethnic Asians with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Moh Mei Chung , Low Serena , Ng Tze Pin , Wang Jiexun , Ang Su Fen , Tan Clara , Ang Keven , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Sum Chee Fang , Kwan Pek Yee , Lee Simon Biing Ming , Tang Wern Ee , Lim Su Chi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryLiterature evaluating the relationship between central obesity and cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains scarce. This cross‐sectional analysis explored the association of novel and traditional central obesity measures with cognitive performance in older (aged ≥60 years) non‐demented multi‐ethnic Asians with T2DM, including a stratified analysis by body mass index (BMI). Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Central obesity measures including visceral fat area (VFA), waist circumference, waist:hip ratio, waist:height ratio, abdominal volume index, body roundness index and conicity index were measured and/or computed. In our cohort (N = 677; mean age = 67 ± 5 years, 51.7% men), VFA emerged as an associate of overall cognitive performance after covariate adjustment and Bonferroni correction (β = −.10, 95% CI = −0.18, −0.03), outperforming the other adiposity indices. Specifically, VFA was inversely associated with delayed memory and language scores. Additionally, compared with normal‐weight individuals, excess visceral obesity (VFA ≥100 cm2) was independently associated with lower cognitive scores to a greater extent in normal BMI (<23 kg/m2) adults than in those with high BMI (≥23 kg/m2). Assessment and management of visceral adiposity may help to prevent cognitive decline in older people with T2DM, and reduce the global burden of dementia in ageing populations.
Resveratrol protects the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier via SIRT1/PTEN/p‐Akt pathway in methamphetamine‐induced chronic lung injury
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Ming , Zhu Mei‐Jia , Shi Lin , Liu Lian , Zhao Yuan‐Ling , Cheng Lin , Gu Ying‐Jian , Zhou Ming‐Yuan , Chen Lei , Kumar Ashok , Wang Yun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesSIRT1 is an antioxidative factor, but its mechanism in methamphetamine (MA)‐induced lung injury remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether MA can disrupt the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier, whether SIRT1 is involved in MA‐induced chronic lung injury and whether Resveratrol (Res) can protect the integrity of alveolar epithelial cells by regulating ROS to activate SIRT1/PTEN/p‐Akt pathway.Materials and methodsThe rats were randomly divided into control group and MA group. Extracted lungs were detected by Western blot, HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The alveolar epithelial cells were treated with MA or/and Res, following by Western blot, LDH leakage assay and flow cytometry. MOE is used for bio‐informatics prediction.ResultsChronic exposure to MA can cause slower growth ratio of weight, increased RVI and induced lung injury including the reduced number of alveolar sacs and the thickened alveolar walls. MA‐induced apoptosis was associated with SIRT1‐related oxidative stress. Res suppressed ROS levels, activated SIRT1, negatively regulated PTEN, phosphorylated Akt, reduced LDH leakage, increased the expression of ZO‐1 and E‐cadherin and inhibited the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells to attenuate MA‐induced higher permeability of alveolar epithelium.ConclusionsMA disrupted the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier. Res inhibited oxidative stress and reversed MA‐induced higher permeability and apoptosis of alveolar epithelium by the activation of SIRT1/PTEN/p‐Akt pathway.
Understanding the co‐occurrence of tree loss and modern slavery to improve efficacy of conservation actions and policies
Authors: Jackson Bethany , Decker Sparks Jessica L. , Brown Chloe , Boyd Doreen S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLocations where populations are most reliant on forests and their ecosystem services for subsistence and development are also areas where modern slavery persists. These issues are noted within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), both target 15.2 and 8.7 respectively. Often activities using slavery perpetuate deforestation, bolstering a slavery‐environment nexus; which has been examined by comparing modern slavery estimates against environmental protection levels. This study assesses the relationship between tree loss and modern slavery focusing on four countries: Brazil, Ghana, Indonesia, and Mozambique. Previously mapped levels of tree loss and predicted future levels of loss have been compared against modern slavery estimates from the Global Slavery Index 2016 and illegal logging analyses to determine an estimate of the risk for slavery related tree loss. These results provide an insight in to the co‐occurrence between modern slavery and tree loss due to a number of activities that are highlighted, including mining, illegal logging, and agricultural practices. The co‐occurrence is both complex, and yet, beyond coincidental. Implications for both national and global policy are noted assessing the benefits that could be achieved by limiting tree loss and ending modern slavery; of benefit to both the conservation and antislavery communities.
Assessing Conservative Populism: A New Double Movement or Neoliberal Populism?
Authors: Kiely Ray 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines the populist turn through the lens of changing social policy by relating this to the question of whether or not conservative and far‐right populism represent a break from, or a new mutation of, neoliberalism. Does this shift represent a conservative Polanyian double movement, or a mutation and extension of neoliberalism? This question is examined through a brief account of neoliberalism's failures, both before and after 2008, and how conservative populism challenged it, particularly around the question of liberal social policy. In then defining and discussing neoliberalism, the article shows how conservative populism in some respects challenges it, through its focus on re‐politicization in the face of technocratic and economistic de‐politicization and disenchantment. But the article then demonstrates important similarities and continuities in both neoliberal theory and populist practice.