bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the role of Rhodnius prolixusCYP4G genes in straight and methyl‐branched hydrocarbon formation and in desiccation tolerance
Authors: Dulbecco A. B. , Moriconi D. E. , Lynn S. , McCarthy A. , Juárez M. P. , Girotti J. R. , Calderón‐Fernández G. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsect cuticle hydrocarbons are involved primarily in waterproofing the cuticle, but also participate in chemical communication and regulate the penetration of insecticides and microorganisms. The last step in insect hydrocarbon biosynthesis is carried out by an insect‐specific cytochrome P450 of the 4G subfamily (CYP4G). Two genes (CYP4G106 and CYP4G107) have been reported in the triatomines Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. In this work, their molecular and functional characterization is carried out in R. prolixus, and their relevance to insect survival is assessed. Both genes are expressed almost exclusively in the integument and have an expression pattern dependent on the developmental stage and feeding status. CYP4G106 silencing diminished significantly the straight‐chain hydrocarbon production while a significant reduction – mostly of methyl‐branched chain hydrocarbons – was observed after CYP4G107 silencing. Molecular docking analyses using different aldehydes as hydrocarbon precursors predicted a better fit of straight‐chain aldehydes with CYP4G106 and methyl‐branched aldehydes with CYP4G107. Survival bioassays exposing the silenced insects to desiccation stress showed that CYP4G107 is determinant for the waterproofing properties of the R. prolixus cuticle. This is the first report on the in vivo specificity of two CYP4Gs to make mostly straight or methyl‐branched hydrocarbons, and also on their differential contribution to insect desiccation.
Arsenic Concentrations in Ground and Surface Waters across Arizona Including Native Lands
Authors: Jones M.C. , Credo J.M. , Ingram J.C. , Baldwin J.A. , Trotter R.T. , Propper C.R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParts of the Southwestern United States report arsenic levels in water resources that are above the United States Environmental Protection Agency's current drinking water limits. Prolonged exposure to arsenic through food and drinking water can contribute to significant health problems including cancer, developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. In order to understand exposure risks, water sampling and testing have been conducted throughout Arizona. This information is available to the public through often non‐overlapping databases that are difficult to access and in impracticable formats. The current study utilized a systemic compilation of online databases to compile a spreadsheet containing over 33,000 water samples. The reported arsenic concentrations from these databases were collected from 1990–2017. Using ArcGIS software, these data were converted into a map shapefile and overlaid onto a map of Arizona. This visual representation shows that arsenic levels in surface and ground water exceed the United States Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water limits for many sites in several counties in Arizona, and there is an underrepresentation of sampling in several tribal jurisdictions. This information is useful for water managers and private well owners throughout the State for determining safe drinking water sources and limiting exposure to arsenic.
Creative Arts Personal Pedagogy vs Marketised Higher Education: A battle between values
Authors: Wilkinson Ryan Gerald 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ongoing marketisation of higher education in England can be understood both conceptually – in terms of its ideological commitment to competition and accountability; and practically – in terms of the way that it has altered higher education structurally in a variety of ways. Methods of standardisation and quantification offer validation and reward to institutions through criteria aligned with marketised principles, leading to institutions shaping their operations to suit these forms of justification. Historically, many arts subjects have operated conceptually and organisationally outside the traditional higher education paradigm, and pedagogic approaches and values that are attributable to this subject area could clash with marketised understandings of education, which are becoming more prevalent and influential.This article presents analysis of reflections from creative arts educational practitioners working within higher education institutions in England on explorations of an ontology of the creative arts, as well as experiences of the marketisation process. A series of values relating to the concept of ‘the personal’, inherent to the creative arts are discussed and an exploration of how these principles clash with the priorities of the marketised educational economy are articulated. The values and principles that are inherent to educators and practitioners working in the creative arts are competing with ‘marketised’ motives imposed on them by the institutions in which they work.
Analysis of extracellular vesicle miRNA profiles in heart failure
Authors: Oh Jae Gyun , Lee Philyoung , Gordon Ronald E. , Sahoo Susmita , Kho Changwon , Jeong Dongtak 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as an important carrier for various genetic materials including microRNAs (miRs). Growing evidences suggested that several miRs transported by EVs were particularly involved in modulating cardiac function. However, it has remained unclear what miRs are enriched in EVs and play an important role in the pathological condition. Therefore, we established the miR expression profiles in EVs from murine normal and failing hearts and consecutively identified substantially altered miRs. In addition, we have performed bioinformatics approach to predict potential cardiac outcomes through the identification of miR targets. Conclusively, we observed approximately 63% of predicted targets were validated with previous reports. Notably, the predicted targets by this approach were often involved in both beneficial and malicious signalling pathways, which may reflect heterogeneous cellular origins of EVs in tissues. Lastly, there has been an active debate on U6 whether it is a proper control. Through further analysis of EV miR profiles, miR‐676 was identified as a superior reference control due to its consistent and abundant expressions. In summary, our results contribute to identifying specific EV miRs for the potential therapeutic targets in heart failure and suggest that miR‐676 as a new reference control for the EV miR studies.
Characteristics of U.S. Nursing Homes with COVID‐19 Cases
Authors: Abrams Hannah R. , Loomer Lacey , Gandhi Ashvin , Grabowski David C. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has been documented in a large share of nursing homes throughout the United States, leading to high rates of mortality for residents. To understand how to prevent and mitigate future outbreaks, it is imperative that we understand which nursing homes are more likely to experience COVID‐19 cases. Our aim was to examine the characteristics of nursing homes with documented COVID‐19 cases in the 30 states reporting the individual facilities affected.DESIGNWe constructed a database of nursing homes with verified COVID‐19 cases as of May 11, 2020, via correspondence with and publicly available reports from state departments of health. We linked this information to nursing home characteristics and used regression analysis to examine the association between these characteristics and the likelihood of having a documented COVID‐19 case.SETTINGAll nursing homes from 30 states that reported COVID‐19 cases at the facility‐level.PARTICIPANTSNursing home residents in states reporting data.MEASUREMENTSWhether a nursing home had a reported COVID‐19 case (yes/no), and conditional on having a case, the number of cases at a nursing home.RESULTSOf 9,395 nursing homes in our sample, 2,949 (31.4%) had a documented COVID‐19 case. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non‐chain status, and state were significantly (P < .05) related to the increased probability of having a COVID‐19 case. Five‐star rating, prior infection violation, Medicaid dependency, and ownership were not significantly related.CONCLUSIONCOVID‐19 cases in nursing homes are related to facility location and size and not traditional quality metrics such as star rating and prior infection control citations. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1653‐1656, 2020.
How adolescent patients search for and appraise online health information: A pilot study
Authors: McKinnon Kelsey A , H Y Caldwell Patrina , Scott Karen M 
Published: June 2020

AimAdolescents increasingly use smartphones to look up online health information. This pilot study aimed to explore the search and assessment strategies of adolescents looking for online health information.MethodsWe performed an observed, practical task on mobile devices, followed by a semi‐structured interview with adolescent patients at The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney. Observational data were analysed using an observation rubric, and interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed through inductive thematic analysis using line‐by‐line coding and the constant comparative process.ResultsThe research was undertaken with 10 participants. Three themes were identified: (i) participants' searching strategies to find online health information; (ii) techniques for assessing relevance; and (iii) techniques for assessing credibility. These themes demonstrated that most participants accessed online health information due to its ease and accessibility but failed to assess credibility. Most prioritised relevance of information over credibility, determined by their personal knowledge and experience. Our results indicate that there was a large discrepancy between adolescents' ability to search for and assess online health information and their perceived ability. This demonstrates a discrepancy between perceived and performance‐based eHealth literacy and highlights poor critical self‐awareness, which can prevent adolescents from seeking help. This may underlie the biggest challenge in adolescents' access of online health information and highlights the need for education.ConclusionsMany adolescents' search and appraisal ability is negatively impacted by low eHealth literacy. These adolescents' inability to recognise their need for assistance in improving their search and assessment strategies highlights the need for multi‐stage education.
Nutrient content of key cuts of pork in the UK
Authors: Pinchen H. , Church S. , Strong M. , Dimmack L. , Powell N. , Swan G. , Finglas P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA new analytical survey on key cuts of pork sold in the UK has been undertaken to determine the current nutrient content of commonly consumed pork cuts and leaner cuts of pork that are becoming more popular. The last government analytical survey on pork for the UK food composition tables was carried out in 1992, and it has been suggested that production methods and feed have changed. Pork fillet medallions, loin medallions, loin steaks and leg joints were purchased from retail outlets to represent pork consumed in the UK and prepared for analysis between January and February 2019. Nutrient values for a wide range of compounds (proximates, inorganics and vitamins) were determined by accredited laboratories. A selection of the results, highlighting some of the main changes are presented. The most noticeable changes since 1992 can be seen in fat where levels have fallen in the lean component of three raw cuts (fillet, loin medallions and loin steak). This has impacted the amount of fat found within the popular pork cuts containing both lean and fat portions. Other changes in both the lean only portion and cuts as purchased are lower amounts of iodine and vitamin B12 and higher amounts of vitamin E and niacin. Even after these changes, 100 g of cooked pork still provides a good proportion of an adult’s daily thiamin, niacin, selenium and vitamin B12 requirements with the lean portion of grilled pork loin steak being slightly lower in fat. Fat levels in the lean portion of the roasted pork leg joint had increased slightly; however, the previous value from 1992 was low compared with other cuts at the time. These results provide an insight into the changes made in pig production, including new breeds and changes in pig diet and supplementation. The results will be included in future updates of the UK Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset and incorporated into Public Health England’s nutrient databank which supports the National Diet and Nutrition Survey.
Maintaining and updating food composition datasets for multiple users and novel technologies: Current challenges from a UK perspective
Authors: Traka M. H. , Plumb J. , Berry R. , Pinchen H. , Finglas P. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe UK national food composition dataset, maintained at the Quadram Institute Bioscience, is a valuable national resource for a variety of users. The UK has a long history of compiling and utilising food composition data, which started for the specific purpose of understanding war‐time nutrition, and is now fundamental to multiple areas of research, policy, food manufacturing and consumer behaviour. The rise of mHealth technologies has brought food and nutrition data direct to the consumer and presents new challenges for food data compilers relating to coverage of foods and nutrients, and accessibility and transparency of data. In addition, emerging efforts in sustainable food production, changing diets and the ever‐increasing burden of non‐communicable diseases requires an integrated approach that will span the agri‐food, nutrition and health space. In order to achieve this, there needs to be continued efforts in food data standardisation, international collaboration and stronger emphasis in making food and nutrition data FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable). The UK national food composition data and the emerging initiatives in food and nutrition it supports are playing an important role in the future development of healthy and sustainable UK diets.
A survey on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on motility and functional investigations in Europe and considerations for recommencing activities in the early recovery phase
Authors: Tack Jan , Schol Jolien , Geeraerts Annelies , Huang I‐Hsuan , Mori Hideki , Scarpellini Emidio , Sinonquel Pieter , Carbone Florencia , Colomier Esther , Geysen Hannelore , Jandee Sawangpong , Moonen An , Pannemans Jasper , Timmermans Lien , Van den Houte Karen , Verbeure Wout , Wauters Lucas , Bisschops Raf , Hoffman Ilse , Roelandt Philip , Rommel Nathalie , Simren Magnus , Suzuki Hidekazu , Tornblom Hans , Verbeke Kristin , Vanuytsel Tim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic, declared by WHO on March 13, 2020, had a major global impact on the healthcare system and services. In the acute phase, the presence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in the aerodigestive tract limited activities in the gastroenterology clinic and procedures to emergencies only. Motility and function testing was interrupted and as we enter the recovery phase, restarting these procedures requires a safety‐focused approach with adequate infection prevention for patients and healthcare professionals.MethodsWe summarized knowledge on the presence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in the aerodigestive tract and the risk of spread with motility and functional testing. We surveyed 39 European centers documenting how the pandemic affected activities and which measures they are considering for restarting these measurements. We propose recommendations based on current knowledge as applied in our center.ResultsPositioning of catheters for gastrointestinal motility tests carries a concern for aerosol‐borne infection of healthcare workers. The risk is low with breath tests. The surveyed centers stopped almost all motility and function tests from the second half of March. The speed of restarting and the safety measures taken varied highly.Conclusions and InferencesBased on these findings, we provided recommendations and practical relevant information for motility and function test procedures in the COVID‐19 pandemic era, to guarantee a high‐quality patient care with adequate infection prevention.
Exhaled nitric oxide measurement before pediatric adenotonsillectomy: A feasibility study
Authors: Jablonka Denis H. , Nishisaki Akira , Feldman Jeffrey M. , Galvez Jorge A. , Gurnaney Harshad G. , Rizzi Mark D. , Simpao Allan F. , Subramanyam Rajeev , Litman Ronald S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundExhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a known biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of bronchial hyperreactivity in adults and children.AimsTo investigate the potential role of eNO measurement for predicting perioperative respiratory adverse events in children, we sought to determine its feasibility and acceptability before adenotonsillectomy.MethodsWe attempted eNO testing in children, 4‐12 years of age, immediately prior to admission for outpatient adenotonsillectomy. We used correlations between eNO levels and postoperative adverse respiratory events to make sample size predictions for future studies that address the predictability of the device.ResultsOne hundred and three (53%) of 192 children were able to provide an eNO sample. The success rate increased with age from 23% (9%‐38%) at age 4 to over 85% (54%‐98%) after age 9. Using the eNO normal value (<20 ppb) as a cutoff, an expected sample size to detect a significant difference between children with and without adverse events is 868, assuming that respiratory adverse events occur in 29% of children.ConclusionseNO testing on the day of surgery has limited feasibility in children younger than 7 years of age. The most common reason for failure was inadequate physical performance while interacting with the testing device. The role of this respiratory biomarker in the context of perioperative outcomes for pediatric adenotonsillectomy remains unknown and should be further studied with improved technologies.
Non‐invasive optical biopsy by multiphoton microscopy identifies the live morphology of common melanocytic nevi
Authors: Lentsch Griffin , Valdebran Manuel , Saknite Inga , Smith Janellen , Linden Kenneth G. , König Karsten , Barr Ronald J. , Harris Ronald M. , Tromberg Bruce J. , Ganesan Anand K. , Zachary Christopher B. , Kelly Kristen M. , Balu Mihaela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a promising non‐invasive imaging tool for discriminating benign nevi from melanoma. In this study, we establish a MPM morphologic catalogue of common nevi, information that will be critical in devising strategies to distinguish them from nevi that are evolving to melanoma that may present with more subtle signs of malignancy. Thirty common melanocytic nevi were imaged in vivo using MPM. Quantitative parameters that can distinguish between different types of nevi were developed and confirmed by examining the histology of eleven of the imaged nevi. MPM features of nevi examined included cytologic morphology of melanocytes in the epidermis and dermis, the size and distribution of nevomelanocytes both within and around nests, the size of rete ridges, and the presence of immune cells in the dermis. Distinguishing features include cytological morphology, the size of nevomelanocytes, the size of nevomelanocyte nests, and the distribution of nevomelanocytes. Notably, these distinguishing characteristics were not easily appreciated in fixed tissues, highlighting essential differences in the morphology of live skin. Taken together, this work provides a morphologic compendium of normal nevi, information that will be critical in future studies directed at identifying melanocytic nevi that are evolving to melanoma.
Nonprofit Service Continuity and Responses in the Pandemic: Disruptions, Ambiguity, Innovation, and Challenges
Authors: Shi Yu , Jang Hee S. , Keyes Laura , Dicke Lisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis Viewpoint essay examines the service delivery responses of nonprofit organizations that offer homeless support services amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Government mandates and severe human needs have forced nonprofits to adapt quickly. Literature reviews provide little information about how nonprofits should manage service continuity under pandemics. Data collected from websites and interviews with nonprofits executives provide an understanding of adaptations and innovations. The study uses a crisis response model—“Disruptions‐Ambiguities‐Innovations‐Challenges” (DAIC)—to demonstrate how social service nonprofits are responding to challenges under COVID‐19. Lessons learned are useful for scholars and practitioners to understand ways nonprofits have remained agile and innovative.
Improving mental health literacy in adolescents: systematic review of supporting intervention studies
Authors: Seedaket Saowaluk , Turnbull Niruwan , Phajan Teerasak , Wanchai Ausanee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveMental health literacy (MHL) in adolescents is an important issue as it can lead to early detection and recognition of mental illness. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the effect of supporting interventions on improving MHL in adolescents.MethodsSystematic literature review by searching the ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Crochrane and CINAHL databases. Seven of 1107 papers were included in the final review.ResultsSupporting interventions for improving MHL in adolescents could be categorised into school‐based and community‐based. Both types used an education stand‐alone strategy or an education plus contact‐based group in their programmes. To provide knowledge of mental illness to adolescents, teaching methods should be interactive and use various media such as group discussion, videos and movies.ConclusionsSchool‐based and community‐based interventions were likely to improve MHL among adolescents. However, further research with objective tool measures is needed to confirm the findings.
Clinical data for intravenous iron – debunking the hype around hypersensitivity
Authors: Achebe Maureen , DeLoughery Thomas G. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDReluctance to use intravenous (IV) iron for the treatment of iron deficiency continues due to a perceived high risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Additionally, it has been hypothesized that ‘dextran‐derived’ IV iron products (e.g., ferumoxytol [FER] and ferric derisomaltose/iron isomaltoside 1000 [FDI]) have a higher risk of severe HSRs than ‘non‐dextran‐derived’ products (e.g., ferric carboxymaltose [FCM] and iron sucrose [IS]). In the present analysis, HSR data from head‐to‐head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with IV iron products were evaluated to determine if differences in safety signals are present among these IV iron formulations.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSReported serious or moderate‐to‐severe HSR incidence data from five RCTs (FIRM; FERWON‐NEPHRO/‐IDA; PHOSPHARE‐IDA04/‐IDA05) were used to calculate risk differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for FER, FCM, FDI, and IS. The rates and risk differences for these HSRs were compared.RESULTSThe analysis included data for 5247 patients: FER (n = 997), FCM (n = 1117), FDI (n = 2133) and IS (n = 1000). Overall rates of serious or moderate to severe HSRs were low (0.2%‐1.7%). The risk differences (95% CIs) showed small differences between the IV iron formulations: FER versus FCM, −0.1 (−0.8 to 0.6); FDI versus IS, 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5); FDI versus FCM, −0.9 (−3.7 to 1.9).CONCLUSIONRCT evidence confirms a low risk of serious or moderate to severe HSRs with newer IV iron formulations and no significant differences among existing commercially available products. Thus, RCT data show that the supposed classification of dextran‐derived versus non‐dextran‐derived IV iron products has no clinical relevance.