bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions Play Multiple Essential Roles in Aortic Arch Development
Authors: Warkala Michael , Chen Dongying , Ramirez AnnJosette , Jubran Ali , Schonning Michael , Wang Xia , Zhao Huaning , Astrof Sophie 
Published: November 2020

Rationale:
Defects in the morphogenesis of the fourth pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) give rise to lethal birth defects. Understanding genes and mechanisms regulating PAA formation will provide important insights into the etiology and treatments for congenital heart disease.

Objective:

Cell-ECM (extracellular matrix) interactions play essential roles in the morphogenesis of PAAs and their derivatives, the aortic arch artery and its major branches; however, their specific functions are not well-understood. Previously, we demonstrated that integrin α5β1 and Fn1 (fibronectin) expressed in the
Isl1
lineages regulate PAA formation. The objective of the current studies was to investigate cellular mechanisms by which integrin α5β1 and Fn1 regulate aortic arch artery morphogenesis.

Methods and Results:

Using temporal lineage tracing, whole-mount confocal imaging, and quantitative analysis of the second heart field (SHF) and endothelial cell (EC) dynamics, we show that the majority of PAA EC progenitors arise by E7.5 in the SHF and contribute to pharyngeal arch endothelium between E7.5 and E9.5. Consequently, SHF-derived ECs in the pharyngeal arches form a plexus of small blood vessels, which remodels into the PAAs by 35 somites. The remodeling of the vascular plexus is orchestrated by signals dependent on the pharyngeal ECM microenvironment, extrinsic to the endothelium. Conditional ablation of integrin α5β1 or Fn1 in the
Isl1
lineages showed that signaling by the ECM regulates aortic arch artery morphogenesis at multiple steps: (1) accumulation of SHF-derived ECs in the pharyngeal arches, (2) remodeling of the EC plexus in the fourth arches into the PAAs, and (3) differentiation of neural crest-derived cells adjacent to the PAA endothelium into vascular smooth muscle cells.

Conclusions:
PAA formation is a multistep process entailing dynamic contribution of SHF-derived ECs to pharyngeal arches, the remodeling of endothelial plexus into the PAAs, and the remodeling of the PAAs into the aortic arch artery and its major branches. Cell-ECM interactions regulated by integrin α5β1 and Fn1 play essential roles at each of these developmental stages.
Prevalence, Features, and Prognosis of Artery‐to‐Artery Embolic ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Takahata Masahiro , Ino Yasushi , Kubo Takashi , Tanimoto Takashi , Taruya Akira , Terada Kosei , Emori Hiroki , Higashioka Daisuke , Katayama Yosuke , Khalifa Amir Kh. M. , Wada Teruaki , Ozaki Yuichi , Shimamura Kunihiro , Shiono Yasutsugu , Kashiwagi Manabu , Kuroi Akio , Fujita Suwako , Tanaka Atsushi , Hozumi Takeshi , Akasaka Takashi 
Published: November 2020

Background
The major underlying mechanisms contributing to acute coronary syndrome are plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified nodule. Artery‐to‐artery embolic myocardial infarction (AAEMI) was defined as ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction caused by migrating thrombus formed at the proximal ruptured plaque. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of AAEMI by using optical coherence tomography.

Methods and Results

This study retrospectively enrolled 297 patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction who underwent optical coherence tomography before percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were divided into 4 groups consisting of plaque rupture, plaque erosion, calcified nodule, and AAEMI according to optical coherence tomography findings. The prevalence of AAEMI was 3.4%. The culprit vessel in 60% of patients with AAEMI was right coronary artery. Minimum lumen area at the culprit site was larger in AAEMI compared with plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified nodule (4.0 mm
2
[interquartile range (IQR), 2.2–4.9] versus 1.0 mm
2
[IQR, 0.8–1.3] versus 1.0 mm
2
[IQR, 0.8–1.2] versus 1.1 mm
2
[IQR, 0.7–1.6],
P
<0.001). Lumen area at the rupture site was larger in patients with AAEMI compared with patients with plaque rupture (4.4 mm
2
[IQR, 2.5–6.7] versus 1.5 mm
2
[IQR, 1.0–2.4],
P
<0.001). In patients with AAEMI, the median minimum lumen area at the occlusion site was 1.2 mm
2
(IQR, 1.0–2.1), 40% of them had nonstent strategy, and the 3‐year major adverse cardiac event rate was 0%.

Conclusions
AAEMI is a rare cause for ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction and has unique morphological features of plaque including larger lumen area at rupture site and smaller lumen area at the occlusion site.
Deeply Felt Affect: The Emergence of Valence in Deep Active Inference
Authors: Hesp Casper , Smith Ryan , Parr Thomas , Allen Micah , Friston Karl J. , Ramstead Maxwell J. D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe positive-negative axis of emotional valence has long been recognized as fundamental to adaptive behavior, but its origin and underlying function have largely eluded formal theorizing and computational modeling. Using deep active inference, a hierarchical inference scheme that rests on inverting a model of how sensory data are generated, we develop a principled Bayesian model of emotional valence. This formulation asserts that agents infer their valence state based on the expected precision of their action model—an internal estimate of overall model fitness (“subjective fitness”). This index of subjective fitness can be estimated within any environment and exploits the domain generality of second-order beliefs (beliefs about beliefs). We show how maintaining internal valence representations allows the ensuing affective agent to optimize confidence in action selection preemptively. Valence representations can in turn be optimized by leveraging the (Bayes-optimal) updating term for subjective fitness, which we label affective charge (AC). AC tracks changes in fitness estimates and lends a sign to otherwise unsigned divergences between predictions and outcomes. We simulate the resulting affective inference by subjecting an in silico affective agent to a T-maze paradigm requiring context learning, followed by context reversal. This formulation of affective inference offers a principled account of the link between affect, (mental) action, and implicit metacognition. It characterizes how a deep biological system can infer its affective state and reduce uncertainty about such inferences through internal action (i.e., top-down modulation of priors that underwrite confidence). Thus, we demonstrate the potential of active inference to provide a formal and computationally tractable account of affect. Our demonstration of the face validity and potential utility of this formulation represents the first step within a larger research program. Next, this model can be leveraged to test the hypothesized role of valence by fitting the model to behavioral and neuronal responses.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of aberrant miR-652-3p levels in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and acute kidney injury
Authors: Liu Jiaolei , Zhang Hongmei , Li Xin , Wang Lin , Yu Huining , Huang Jiaohong , Liu Qingjun , Wang Chao , Jiang Aili 
Published: November 2020

Objective This study aimed to examine a novel microRNA (miR-652-3p) biomarker to improve early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and to evaluate the survival predictive value of miR-652-3p. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 196 patients with ADHF, including 65 who developed AKI during hospitalization. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were measured in serum and urine samples. Real-time quantitative PCR was applied to evaluate miR-652-3p mRNA expression. The diagnostic performance of miR-652-3p was examined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The prognostic value of miR-652-3p was also analyzed. Results Serum and urinary NGAL and miR-652-3p levels were elevated in patients with ADHF and AKI. Serum and urinary miR-652-3p expression had diagnostic value in predicting AKI onset in patients with ADHF, and it had improved diagnostic performance when used with NGAL. Patients with AKI and high miR-652-3p levels had a high failure rate of renal recovery and poor 180-day survival. Conclusion Serum and urinary miR-652-3p may be a candidate biomarker for early diagnosis of AKI in patients with ADHF and for predicting the prognosis of AKI. The combination of NGAL and miR-652-3p may accurately predict AKI onset in ADHF.
Finite element and biomechanical analysis of risk factors for implant failure during tension band plating
Authors: Ding Jing , Wang Fei , Jin Fangchun , Wu Zhen-kai , Shen Pin-quan 
Published: November 2020

Objective Tension band plating has recently gained widespread acceptance as a method of correcting angular limb deformities in skeletally immature patients. We examined the role of biomechanics in procedural failure and devised a new method of reducing the rate of implant failure. Methods In the biomechanical model, afterload (static or cyclic) was applied to each specimen. The residual stress of the screw combined with different screw sizes and configurations were measured and compared by X-ray diffraction. With regard to static load and similar conditions, the stress distribution was analyzed according to a three-dimensional finite element model. Results The residual stress was close to zero in the static tension group, whereas it was very high in the cyclic load group. The residual stress of screws was significantly lower in the convergent group and parallel group than in the divergent group. The finite element model showed similar results. Conclusions In both the finite element analysis and biomechanical tests, the maximum stress of the screw was concentrated at the position where the screws enter the cortex. Cyclic loading is the primary cause of implant failure.
Algorithmic Prediction of Restraint and Seclusion in an Inpatient Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Population
Authors: Magnowski Stefani R. , Kick Dalton , Cook Jessica , Kay Brian 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Restraint and seclusion in an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric population adversely affects the overall value and safety of care. Due to adverse events, negative outcomes, and associated costs, inpatient psychiatric hospitals must strive to reduce and ultimately eliminate restraint and seclusion with innovative, data-driven approaches. AIM: To identify patterns of client characteristics that are associated with restraint and seclusion in an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric population. METHOD: A machine learning application of fast-and-frugal tree modeling was used to analyze the sample. RESULTS: The need for restraint and seclusion were correctly predicted for 73% of clients at risk (sensitivity), and 76% of clients were correctly predicted as negative or low risk (specificity), for needing restraint and seclusion based on the following characteristics: having a disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, being 12 years old or younger, and not having a depressive and/or bipolar disorder diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The client characteristics identified in the predictive algorithm should be reviewed on admission to recognize clients at risk for restraint and seclusion. For those at risk, interventions should be developed into an individualized client treatment plan to facilitate a proactive approach in preventing behavioral emergencies requiring restraint and seclusion.
Developing Competencies for Emotional, Instrumental, and Informational Student Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Human Relations/Human Resource Development Approach
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Brenda 
Published: November 2020

The Problem The COVID-19 pandemic required many college and university faculty members to transition quickly from traditional classroom instruction to virtual, online learning. Aside from mastering technical skills needed to maintain an uninterrupted learning environment, faculty were challenged with mastering social-emotional competencies for maintaining continuity in relationships (e.g. student/peer, student/instructor). This dilemma highlights transdisciplinary relationships between the fields of human relations (HRL) and human resource development (HRD). The Recommendation In this article, a framework is introduced and recommended for understanding the experiences of a university faculty member who, in addition to mastering technical competencies (e.g., coaching, care, collaboration), was also challenged with developing social-emotional support behaviors (e.g., emotional, instrumental, informational) while maintaining continuity in established relationships as a transdisciplinary HRL/HRD response to the pandemic. The Stakeholders This article offers faculty, higher education administrators, human relations professionals, and human resource development scholars/practitioners a model for ways in which to work professionally within the “new normal.”
Cold en bloc excision (CEBE) of bladder tumours using Zedd excision scissors: a prospective, pilot, safety and feasibility study
Authors: BMZ Hameed , Hegde Padmaraj , Shah Milap , Rai Bhavan Prasad , Thomas Joseph , Pai Kanthilatha , Naik Nithesh , Somani Bhaskar 
Published: November 2020

Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is the traditional technique of choice for endoscopically suspected bladder tumours. Cold En Bloc Excision (CEBE) using novel Zedd scissors is proposed for endoscopic treatment of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and safety of CEBE of bladder tumours using Zedd scissors. Methods: A pilot prospective study of patients who underwent a CEBE of suspicious bladder tumours using Zedd scissors was conducted. A total of 23 patients underwent CEBE for suspected bladder tumours using Zedd scissors. New and recurrent tumours <3 cm were included in the study. The outcome measures were the presence of detrusor muscle (DM) and obturator nerve reflex (ONR), bladder perforation rates, specimen cautery artefacts, recurrence rates and complication rates. The mean age was 64 years ± 10.41 (range: 49–83 years). The median follow up was 4 months (range 1–9 months). The mean tumour size was 1.8 cm ± 0.40 (range: 0.8–2.6 cm). Tumours were located in the lateral wall ( n = 11), dome ( n = 2), posterior wall ( n = 6), trigone ( n = 2), anterior wall ( n = 4) and the junction of lateral and posterior wall ( n = 4). Results: There was no ONR or bladder perforation and none of the patients had any complications. DM was present in 21 patients (91%). There was no tumour identified at the circumferential margins. There was no cautery artefact reported in any case. No patients had a recurrence at first follow up cystoscopy and two patients had out of field recurrence at subsequent cystoscopies. Conclusion: CEBE with Zedd scissors is a promising en bloc excision technique for bladder tumour. It is a safe and feasible for excision of tumours less than 3 cm. The early oncological outcomes are comparable with existing en bloc resection techniques (ERBT) for NMIBC.
Real-World Effectiveness of Therapy With Rosuvastatin Combined With Fenofibric Acid in a Sample of Colombian Patients With Mixed Dyslipidemia
Authors: Machado-Duque Manuel E. , Gaviria-Mendoza Andrés , Machado-Alba Jorge E. 
Published: November 2020

Background Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world and is associated with dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and other factors. Objective To determine the clinical effectiveness on the lipid profile of the rosuvastatin + fenofibric acid combination in Colombian patients with high cardiovascular risk and mixed dyslipidemia. Methods Longitudinal observational study in a random sample of patients with a diagnosis of mixed dyslipidemia and moderate, high, or very high cardiovascular risk who were treated with rosuvastatin + fenofibric acid. Anthropometric, clinical, laboratory, comorbidity, and pharmacological variables were identified. Effectiveness on the lipid profile was determined. Results A total of 386 patients were analyzed. They had a mean age of 60.8 ± 11.4 years, 53.1% were female, and 75.6% had high/very high cardiovascular risk. The initial evaluation showed a mean LDL cholesterol of 138.4 ± 67.1 mg/dL and triglycerides of 679.7 ± 573.6 mg/dL. At the end of follow-up, mean LDL cholesterol was 87.5 ± 41.2 mg/dL (reduced by 43.3%; P < .001), and triglycerides were 243.5 ± 170.5 mg/dL (reduced by 64.2%; P < .001). Only 35.4% (n = 73) of patients with very high risk reached the goal of metabolic control, compared to 61.6% (n = 53) with high risk and 55.4% (n = 46) with moderate risk. Belonging to the very high-risk group was associated with a lower probability of achieving the control goal (OR: 0.32; 95%CI: 0.192-0.539). Conclusion The combination of rosuvastatin + fenofibric acid is an effective option in patients with mixed dyslipidemia and high cardiovascular risk, providing a therapeutic alternative for those conditions that require it.
Increased biological relevance of transcriptome analyses in human skeletal muscle using a model-specific pipeline
Authors: Khan Yusuf , Hammarström Daniel , Rønnestad Bent R. , Ellefsen Stian , Ahmad Rafi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman skeletal muscle responds to weight-bearing exercise with significant inter-individual differences. Investigation of transcriptome responses could improve our understanding of this variation. However, this requires bioinformatic pipelines to be established and evaluated in study-specific contexts. Skeletal muscle subjected to mechanical stress, such as through resistance training (RT), accumulates RNA due to increased ribosomal biogenesis. When a fixed amount of total-RNA is used for RNA-seq library preparations, mRNA counts are thus assessed in different amounts of tissue, potentially invalidating subsequent conclusions. The purpose of this study was to establish a bioinformatic pipeline specific for analysis of RNA-seq data from skeletal muscles, to explore the effects of different normalization strategies and to identify genes responding to RT in a volume-dependent manner (moderate vs. low volume). To this end, we analyzed RNA-seq data derived from a twelve-week RT intervention, wherein 25 participants performed both low- and moderate-volume leg RT, allocated to the two legs in a randomized manner. Bilateral muscle biopsies were sampled fromm. vastus lateralisbefore and after the intervention, as well as before and after the fifth training session (Week 2).ResultBioinformatic tools were selected based on read quality, observed gene counts, methodological variation between paired observations, and correlations between mRNA abundance and protein expression of myosin heavy chain family proteins. Different normalization strategies were compared to account for global changes in RNA to tissue ratio. After accounting for the amounts of muscle tissue used in library preparation, global mRNA expression increased by 43–53%. At Week 2, this was accompanied by dose-dependent increases for 21 genes in rested-state muscle, most of which were related to the extracellular matrix. In contrast, at Week 12, no readily explainable dose-dependencies were observed. Instead, traditional normalization and non-normalized models resulted in counterintuitive reverse dose-dependency for many genes. Overall, training led to robust transcriptome changes, with the number of differentially expressed genes ranging from 603 to 5110, varying with time point and normalization strategy.ConclusionOptimized selection of bioinformatic tools increases the biological relevance of transcriptome analyses from resistance-trained skeletal muscle. Moreover, normalization procedures need to account for global changes in rRNA and mRNA abundance.
A general index for linear and nonlinear correlations for high dimensional genomic data
Authors: Yao Zhihao , Zhang Jing , Zou Xiufen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
With the advance of high throughput sequencing, high-dimensional data are generated. Detecting dependence/correlation between these datasets is becoming one of most important issues in multi-dimensional data integration and co-expression network construction. RNA-sequencing data is widely used to construct gene regulatory networks. Such networks could be more accurate when methylation data, copy number aberration data and other types of data are introduced. Consequently, a general index for detecting relationships between high-dimensional data is indispensable.

Results
We proposed a Kernel-Based RV-coefficient, named KBRV, for testing both linear and nonlinear correlation between two matrices by introducing kernel functions into RV2 (the modified RV-coefficient). Permutation test and other validation methods were used on simulated data to test the significance and rationality of KBRV. In order to demonstrate the advantages of KBRV in constructing gene regulatory networks, we applied this index on real datasets (ovarian cancer datasets and exon-level RNA-Seq data in human myeloid differentiation) to illustrate its superiority over vector correlation.

Conclusions
We concluded that KBRV is an efficient index for detecting both linear and nonlinear relationships in high dimensional data. The correlation method for high dimensional data has possible applications in the construction of gene regulatory network.
QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland
Authors: M. Razar Rasyidah , Missaoui Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum) undergoes winter dormancy by sensing photoperiod and temperature changes. It transitions to winter dormancy in early fall following at the end of reproduction and exits dormancy in the spring. The duration of the growing season affects the accumulation of biomass and yield. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of winter dormancy measured by fall regrowth height (FRH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two bi-parental pseudo-F1 populations derived from crosses between the lowland AP13 with the lowland B6 (AB) with 285 progenies, and the lowland B6 with the upland VS16 (BV) with 227 progenies.ResultsWe identified 18 QTLs for FRH, 18 QTLs for NDVI, 21 QTLs for SE, and 30 QTLs for FD. The percent variance explained by these QTLs ranged between 4.21–23.27% for FRH, 4.47–24.06% for NDVI, 4.35–32.77% for SE, and 4.61–29.74% for FD. A higher number of QTL was discovered in the BV population, suggesting more variants in the lowland x upland population contributing to the expression of seasonal dormancy underlying traits. We identified 9 regions of colocalized QTL with possible pleiotropic gene action. The positive correlation between FRH or NDVI with dry biomass weight suggests that winter dormancy duration could affect switchgrass biomass yield. The medium to high heritability levels of FRH (0.55–0.64 H2) and NDVI (0.30–0.61 H2) implies the possibility of using the traits for indirect selection for biomass yield.ConclusionMarkers found within the significant QTL interval can serve as genomic resources for breeding non-dormant and semi-dormant switchgrass cultivars for the southern regions, where growers can benefit from the longer production season.