bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐inflammatory effect of lanoconazole on 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐ and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl chloride–induced skin inflammation in mice
Authors: Nakamura Aki , Uratsuji Hideya , Yamada Yoshihito , Hashimoto Kei , Nozawa Naoki , Matsumoto Tatsumi 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundLanoconazole (LCZ) is a topical antifungal agent clinically used to treat fungal infections such as tinea pedis. LCZ has not only antifungal effects but also anti‐inflammatory effects, which have the potential to provide additional clinical benefits. However, the characteristic features of the inhibitory effects of LCZ on skin inflammation remain unclear.ObjectiveWe evaluated the inhibitory effects of topical application of LCZ, and compared the effects of LCZ with those of other antifungal agents including liranaftate, terbinafine and amorolfine.MethodsEach antifungal agent was topically applied on 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced irritant dermatitis and 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl chloride‐induced contact dermatitis in mice (BALB/c). The ear thickness, myeloperoxidase activity and inflammatory mediator contents were evaluated.ResultsLCZ dose‐dependently suppressed 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced irritant dermatitis, suppressed the production of neutrophil chemotactic factors such as keratinocyte‐derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein‐2, and inhibited neutrophil infiltration to the inflammation site. Moreover, 1% LCZ reduced the ear swelling in mice with 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl chloride‐induced contact dermatitis in accordance with the inhibition of interferon‐γ production. The inhibitory potency of LCZ on these types of dermatitis in mice was stronger than that of other types of antifungal agents.ConclusionThe anti‐inflammatory effects of LCZ were exerted through the inhibition of inflammatory mediator production. These effects may contribute to the relief of dermatitis symptoms in patients with tinea pedis.
Labor off‐farm employment and household forest management investment in Jiangxi, China: A perspective from gender influence of rural labor
Authors: Xie Fangting , Kang Xiaolan , Du Juan , Liu Xiaojin , Zhu Shubin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThat numerous rural laborers migrate to urban areas to find off‐farm jobs has become an outstanding economic phenomenon in China. To examine the impact of rural labor off‐farm employment on household forest management, we built binary logistic models and Tobit models by applying a sample survey data of 500 households in rural Jiangxi in 2018. Households’ participation and investment in forest management were measured by their labor and cash input. The results indicated that more off‐farm laborers in household would hold back their participation in cash input. In contrast, a higher rate of female off‐farm employment encouraged household monetary input. And households with more female agricultural laborers were more likely to participate in labor input. Neither off‐farm employment nor female off‐farm employment significantly influences households’ labor input. Off‐farm employment of the householder negatively influenced labor and cash input. Policy factors, such as obtaining forestry subsidies and forestry loans, joining forestry co‐operative organizations, and better attitude to the logging quota system, also promoted households’ participation and investment in forest management. Household head's age and education, forestry land status also affected participation in forest management. Our analysis could provide basis for managers to formulate policies to support sustainable forest management.Recommendations for Resource Managers:

The econometric models applied in this research could reflect the influence of rural labor off‐farm employment on household forest management behavior and provide a quantitative basis for formulating forest management policies.
There were great differences between rural households’ forest management cash input behavior and labor input behavior and households were more active in labor input compared with cash input.
The gender structure of rural labor off‐farm employment could impact households’ forest management participation and investment.
To achieve sustainable forest management, managers should pay attention to enhancing female forestry technique training and encouraging forest land transfer and consolidation in the collective forest regions of China.
Comparison of wall removal type versus wall retaining type of decompression for treating large mandibular odontogenic cysts
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Chunyue , Li Xin , Wang Liang , Cui Chang , Guo Bing , Qin Xingjun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the differences between two types of decompression for treating large mandibular odontogenic cysts.Materials and methodsThis retrospective, cohort study included patients who were diagnosed for large mandibular odontogenic cysts from January 2015 to April 2018 and underwent two different types of decompression based on removal or retention of the cyst wall. The primary outcome was the percentage of the residual cyst area within 1 year after surgery. We used the propensity score matching (PSM) to balance the covariates of the two groups, and the primary outcome was analyzed by the non–inferiority test.ResultsA total of 93 cases were included in our study. After 1 year, the wall removal group was non–inferior to the wall retaining group in terms of cyst area, cyst volume, and the difference between the HU values of the original cyst region and the normal mandible. In subgroup analysis, we found there were no differences between two groups in the percentage of patients in whom the cystic area was reduced by 90% after 1 year.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the wall removal group showed better results than the cyst wall retaining group in large mandibular odontogenic cysts.
Lumbar Transgrade Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Lead Placement in Patients with Post‐Surgical Anatomical Changes: A Technical Note
Authors: Chapman Kenneth B. , Ramsook Ryan R. , Groenen Pauline S. , Vissers Kris C. , van Helmond Noud 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundStimulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG‐S) has been shown to be an efficacious treatment option for refractory neuropathic pain syndromes. However, placement of the percutaneous leads for trial implantation can be challenging in patients with prior spinal surgical interventions resulting in anatomical changes and adhesions.MethodsThis technical report describes the transgrade placement of DRG‐S leads in 4 patients with back pain surgery histories in whom secondary to specific anatomical pathologies the traditional anterograde placement of DRG‐S leads was not feasible.ResultsWe used a transgrade placement approach, entering superior and contralateral to the target level of placement, resulting in uncomplicated and effective placement of DRG‐S leads.ConclusionsTransgrade lead placement for DRG‐S may be an efficacious alternative to traditional anterograde DRG lead placement in cases where interlaminar access below the level of the DRG is not available, or desirable. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety and applicability of this approach.
Light‐ and temperature‐entrainable circadian clock in soybean development
Authors: Wang Yu , Yuan Li , Su Tong , Wang Qiao , Gao Ya , Zhang Siyuan , Jia Qian , Yu Guolong , Fu Yongfu , Cheng Qun , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang , Zhang Xiao , Song Chun‐Peng , Xu Xiaodong , Xie Qiguang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn plants, the spatiotemporal expression of circadian oscillators provides adaptive advantages in diverse species. However, the molecular basis of circadian clock in soybean is not known. In this study, we used soybean hairy roots expression system to monitor endogenous circadian rhythms and the sensitivity of circadian clock to environmental stimuli. We discovered in experiments with constant light and temperature conditions that the promoters of clock genes GmLCLb2 and GmPRR9b1 drive a self‐sustained, robust oscillation of about 24‐h in soybean hairy roots. Moreover, we demonstrate that circadian clock is entrainable by ambient light/dark or temperature cycles. Specifically, we show that light and cold temperature pulses can induce phase shifts of circadian rhythm, and we found that the magnitude and direction of phase responses depends on the specific time of these two zeitgeber stimuli. We obtained a quadruple mutant lacking the soybean gene GmLCLa1, LCLa2, LCLb1, and LCLb2 using CRISPR, and found that loss‐of‐function of these four GmLCL orthologs leads to an extreme short‐period circadian rhythm and late‐flowering phenotype in transgenic soybean. Our study establishes that the morning‐phased GmLCLs genes act constitutively to maintain circadian rhythmicity and demonstrates that their absence delays the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development.
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of vortioxetine in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Inoue Takeshi , Sasai Kiyofumi , Kitagawa Tadayuki , Nishimura Akira , Inada Isao 
Published: November 2019

AimThe burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) in Japan is high. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine in Japanese patients with MDD.MethodsJapanese patients aged 20–75 years with recurrent MDD and a Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score ≥ 26 were randomized to vortioxetine 10 or 20 mg or placebo in a phase‐3, double‐blind, 8‐week study. The primary end‐point was change in MADRS total score from baseline. Secondary end‐points included MADRS response and remission rates, change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression‐17 item (HAM‐D17) score, and other measures of depressive symptoms, including Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI‐S), Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI‐I), and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Cognitive function was assessed using Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) score and Perceived Deficits Questionnaire‐5 item (PDQ‐5) score.ResultsVortioxetine 10 mg (n = 165) and 20 mg (n = 163) reduced MADRS total score by 2.66 and 3.07 points versus placebo (n = 161) after 8 weeks (P < 0.01 for each dose), respectively. MADRS response and remission rates were also significantly greater with vortioxetine than with placebo (P < 0.05 for both doses). Vortioxetine 10 and 20 mg significantly improved HAM‐D17 score, CGI‐I score, and SDS total score after 8 weeks. PDQ‐5 score was significantly improved in subjects administered vortioxetine, while DSST scores showed no significant difference. Vortioxetine was generally well tolerated.ConclusionVortioxetine at both the 10‐ and 20‐mg/day doses demonstrated robust antidepressant efficacy in Japanese patients with MDD, and was well tolerated over the 8‐week treatment period.
Advances in pathophysiology and neuroimaging: Implications for sleep and dementia
Authors: Ward Stephanie A. , Pase Matthew P. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe burden of dementia is increasing globally. In the absence of curative treatment, preventive strategies to delay or reduce progression of dementia are crucial. This relies on the identification of modifiable risk factors. The effects of dementia on sleep are well recognized; however, there is now growing evidence suggesting a bidirectional relationship between sleep pathologies and dementia. SDB, poor quality sleep and extremes of sleep duration are commonly experienced by both middle‐aged and older populations. All have been associated with increased risk of dementia and cognitive decline in a number of observational studies, albeit inconsistently. The mechanisms by which these sleep disorders may contribute to neurodegeneration are manifold, and include impacts of fragmented sleep on the clearance of neurotoxins, and in SDB by the additive effects of intermittent hypoxia on beta‐amyloid production, hypoxic cell death, neuroinflammation and damage to cerebral vasculature. Untangling the mechanisms by which sleep pathologies may impact risk of dementia is a challenge. Many insights into the pathophysiology of these relationships have been derived from animal‐ and population‐based studies. Neuroimaging modalities offer important opportunities to further understand the link between sleep pathologies and dementia risk in vivo, especially in the critical preclinical phase of AD. In this review, we canvas updates in dementia pathophysiology, the evidence linking sleep pathologies with dementia and outline the advances in determining this potential pathophysiological link that have eventuated from the application of neuroimaging.
Dehumanization of the Opposition in Political Campaigns
Authors: Cassese Erin C. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis article documents dehumanization in the 2016 presidential contest.MethodsUsing a mixed‐method approach, I analyze dehumanized portrayals of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in visual campaign rhetoric and on common survey measures of dehumanization.ResultsImages from the campaign discourse reflect animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization of the presidential candidates. The survey data reveal that voters dehumanize opposition candidates and party members in both subtle and blatant ways that also reflect this animalistic–mechanistic distinction.ConclusionThe findings affirm the external validity of measurement strategies for dehumanization by showing the correspondence between campaign imagery and common survey‐based measurement tools. This work situates dehumanization as a psychological process relevant to the study of campaigns and elections.
Clinical supervisor training: using critical incidents to identify learning outcomes
Authors: Attrill Stacie , Dymmott Alison , Wray Amanda 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundStudent supervision training varies by design and mode and is typically evaluated via satisfaction and confidence rating surveys that consider participants’ subjective perceptions and attitudes. This study investigated the effectiveness of a 2‐day interprofessional student supervision training workshop by identifying participants’ confidence and their learning outcomes, through their responses to a clinical supervision scenario.MethodsFour workshops were held with 112 of 142 workshop participants who consented to respond to a pre‐ and post‐training questionnaire investigating confidence ratings and to a critical clinical supervision scenario that identified key features, actions and subsequent intended outcomes. Critical incident theory was used in the study design and data analysis.ResultsConfidence in supervision knowledge and skills improved after the workshop. Participants identified similar key features of the scenario before and after the workshop; however, there were qualitative differences in their planned actions and intended outcomes. Pre‐workshop, participants focused on feedback and communication strategies to identify and resolve challenges using a didactic approach. Comparatively, post‐workshop, the participants’ response to the scenario suggested that they would collaborate with the student to explore the situation and plan strategies in partnership and to mutually understand the issues. Participants’ pre‐workshop learning goals related to their post‐workshop learning attainment, but findings suggested a deeper understanding and application of the learning after the workshop.DiscussionUsing a critical incident scenario in conjunction with confidence ratings in the evaluation of a student supervision workshop suggested that participants acquired an integrated understanding of students’ learning in clinical placement and provided a framework to guide future training.
A LiDAR–optical data fusion approach for identifying and measuring small stream impoundments and dams
Authors: Swan Benjamin , Griffin Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article outlines a semi‐autonomous approach for using a fusion of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and optical remote sensing data to identify and measure small impoundments (SIs) and their dams. Quantifying such water bodies as hydrologic network features is critical for ecosystem and species conservation, emergency management, and water resource planning; however, such features are incompletely mapped at national and state levels. By merging an airborne LiDAR‐derived point cloud with a normalized water index using airborne optical imagery we demonstrate an improvement upon single‐source methods for identifying these water bodies; classification accuracies increased over 10% by using this multi‐source fusion method. Furthermore, the method presented here illustrates a cost‐effective pathway to improve the National Inventory of Dams (NID) and includes a framework for estimating dam heights, with results showing strong correlations between derived dam heights and those recorded in the NID (r=.78). With the steady increase in available LiDAR coverage, the 87,000+ dams in the NID could be updated using this technique, a method which could also be expanded for global inventories of SIs and dams.
Informed consent for whole blood donation
Authors: Grainger Brian , Flanagan Peter 
Published: November 2019

Background and objectivesIt is recognized that blood transfusion services have an ethical duty to obtain informed consent from their voluntary, non‐remunerated donors. This right was most recently affirmed by the 2017 revision of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Code of Ethics. However, the constituent elements necessary to adequately inform such consent have not been definitively established.Materials and methodsThis review evaluates the historical background to informed consent in medicine and as it has been applied to blood donation. The question of what information should be disclosed is then considered with regard to existing statutory requirements in both the United States and EU as well guidance from relevant international organizations. The emerging ethical issues around repurposing of donated blood for sale as recovered plasma and use in research are included in this analysis.ResultsA reasonable basis is found in the literature to advocate that valid informed consent of blood donors should encompass: the donation process itself and potential adverse effects, the need for pre‐donation transfusion‐transmissible infection (TTI) screening, potential non‐transfusion uses of derived products, requirements to obtain and store personal information, the consequences that non‐disclosure of such information may have for both the donor and the recipient and reassurance as to the confidentiality of this information.ConclusionInformed consent is a key component of the duty of care between a blood service and its donor. We identify essential elements that should be present for such consent to be considered valid.
Higher-dimensional foliated Mori theory
Authors: Spicer Calum 
Published: November 2019

We develop some foundational results in a higher-dimensional foliated Mori theory, and show how these results can be used to prove a structure theorem for the Kleiman–Mori cone of curves in terms of the numerical properties of $K_{{\mathcal{F}}}$ for rank 2 foliations on threefolds. We also make progress toward realizing a minimal model program (MMP) for rank 2 foliations on threefolds.
A Framework to Assess Human Performance in Normal and Emergency Situations
Authors: Ahmed Salman , Onan Demirel H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Human error is one of the primary reasons for accidents in complex industries like aviation, nuclear power plant management, and health care. Physical and cognitive workload, flawed information processing, and poor decision making are some of the reasons that make humans vulnerable to error and lead to failures and accidents. In many accidents and failures, oftentimes, vulnerabilities that are embedded in the system, in the form of design deficiencies and poor human factors, lead to latent or catastrophic failures, but the last link is a human operator who gets blamed or worse, injured. This paper introduces an early design human performance assessment framework to identify what type of digital prototyping methodologies are appropriate to detect the deviation of the operator's performance due to an emergency condition. Fire in a civilian aircraft cockpit was introduced as a performance shaping factor (PSF). Ergonomics performance was evaluated using two prototyping strategies: (1) a computational prototyping framework includes digital human modeling (DHM) and computer-aided design; and (2) a novel mixed prototyping framework includes motion capture, DHM, and virtual reality. Results showed that the mixed prototyping framework can simulate emergency scenarios with increased realism and also has the potential to incorporate subjective aspects of ergonomics outcomes, overcoming the underlying lack of design knowledge in conventional early design methodologies.
Statistical Determination of the Experimental Channels Clogging Rates in Mini- and Microchannel Heat Exchangers
Authors: Rybiński Witold , Mikielewicz Jarosław 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new statistical, nondestructive method for determination of the experimental channels clogging rate in a mini- or microchannel heat exchanger. Channels clogging may be caused by inaccurate fabrication of the heat exchanger or by fouling of microchannels during exploitation. The theoretical model, used in this method, predicts a significant increase of the pressure drop as the number of clogged microchannels increases. However, the exchanger’s heat transfer rate decreases moderately. It may partly be caused by the additional heat transfer in metal walls, bypassing the inactive, clogged microchannels. The presented method was tested on the prototype of a microchannel heat exchanger. The experimental values of the pressure drop of the hot and cold water flows are 2–5 times higher than the values predicted for clean microchannels. The experimental values for the pressure drop and heat transfer are in good agreement with the values calculated by the use of the theoretical model. The presented statistical method gives two channels clogging rates (for the “hot” and “cold” channels) obtained during normal exploitation without cutting (destroying) the heat exchanger.
A New Integrated Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion-Based Trigeneration System for Sustainable Communities
Authors: Hasan A. , Dincer I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the main solutions to climate change is to harness energy from renewable and clean resources. A novel ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system is proposed for the production of methanol; cooling and power is developed and energetically analyzed. In this proposed trigeneration system, a two-stage Rankine cycle that operates on the inherent temperature difference along the depth of the ocean is used for power production, along with an electrolytic cation exchange membrane (ECEM) reactor for carbon dioxide and hydrogen production to feed the methanol production system. The carbon dioxide is sourced from the deep cold seawater, where the concentrations are found to be the highest. The proposed system performance is modeled and simulated on the Aspen Plus, where the performance of the proposed system is assessed under various operating conditions. The results of this study shows that the maximum net power output of the cycle is found to be 51.5 GW, with a fixed rate of district cooling of 69.0 GW. The maximum methanol production rate was found to be 1.36 kg/s at the power input of 51.5 GW. The system is tested under three different operation cases, to fully assess its viability. It should be noted that in all three cases district cooling is included as a product of the system. Case 1: ECEM reactor operates at its current efficiency with fuel production, Case 2: ECEM reactor operates at proton exchange membrane (PEM) efficiency, and Case 3: Only power was produced with no fuel. The maximum overall energy efficiency of the cycle was found to be 8.0, 8.6, and 7.3% for Cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively.