bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness Of Raising Hong Kong Parents’ Awareness Of Antimicrobial Resistance Through An Educational Program With Peer Support On Social Media: A Pilot Study
Authors: Or Peggy P.L. , Ching Patricia T.Y. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: To test whether parents’ self-efficacy for appropriate antibiotic use could be improved through the education program with peer support on social media.Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial with two-arms were implemented. The intervention program consisted of two weekly sessions and each session lasted for 90 minutes. A total of 48 parents had participated in the program. Parental knowledge, attitude, and their social network were measured before and after the program using the Parental Perception on Antibiotics (PAPA) scale and the GSE scale to assess differences between and within the intervention and control groups.Findings: All parents in the intervention group disagreed that antibiotics are effective against infections (virus, bacteria and fungi), as compared to a mere 40% in the control group. All parents in the intervention group and 85% of the control group disagreed that they should reduce the dose of antibiotics when their children were recovering. The test was statistically significant (p=0.039). There was a significant difference and a strong negative correlation between social media and the parents’ belief that antibiotics could be stopped when their children felt better, with Pearson coefficient of -0.78 and p=0.001. On the whole, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the GSE scale Conclusion: Based on the findings in this pilot study, a further study based on the education program with enhancement and peer support can be implemented in a large scale with a positive expectation of reducing antimicrobial resistance.
The Relationship Between Gene Expression Pattern and the Severity of Asthma
Authors: Lin Shuang , Luo Bin , Cheng Liping , Yang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Because of heterogeneity, complexity of diagnosis and diversity of pathogenesis, the incidence and mortality of asthma are increased seriously. A structured and specific approach to assess and treat asthma may help clinicians. Results A total of 838 common genes were found from quietness to exacerbation then to recovery of asthma. PPI network analysis identified 7 modules, and found 7 hub genes with high degree. Then, we verified the expression of hub genes in patients by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that exacerbation related genes were significantly related to immune and inflammatory response. Transcriptional regulators factor STAT1 had a significant regulatory effect on exacerbation related genes. Conclusions These results indicated that seven hub genes were potential biomarkers and targets of asthma exacerbation. they were involved in the development of asthma through immune inflammatory signaling pathway. The results of this study not only provide a new research direction and theoretical basis for the exacerbation mechanism of asthma, but also provide a new target for clinical treatment.
Differences between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Tumor Response and Survival after Induction Chemoradiotherapy followed by Surgery
Authors: Nomori Hiroaki , Shiraishi Atsushi , Honma Koichi , Shoji Kazufusa , Otsuki Ayumu , Cong Yue , Sugimura Hiroshi , Oyama Yu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To examine the differences in clinical response, pathological response, recurrence, and survival between lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) after induction chemoradiotherapy (ICRT) followed by surgery. Methods: Ninety-five patients with N1-2 or T3-4 non-small cell lung cancer were treated with ICRT followed by surgery between 2012 and 2018; 55 patients had AD and 40 had SQ. Differences in reductions of tumor size and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography after ICRT, as well as the pathological response, histological distribution of residual tumors, time to recurrence, and overall survival were compared between AD and SQ. Median follow-up period was 51 months. Results: After ICRT, SQ showed significantly more reduction in both the tumor size and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake than AD (p<0.001 for both). Of the 40 SQ, 22 (55%) showed the pathological complete remission, which was significantly more frequent than 8 of 55 AD (15%) (p<0.001). AD remained at the periphery of primary tumor in 39 of 55 patients (71%), which was more frequently than 6 of 40 patients (15%) in SQ (p<0.001). While there was no significant difference in the rate of conducting postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy between AD and SQ (47% vs. 40%, respectively) (p=0.48), the time to recurrence was significantly longer in SQ than in AD (p=0.026; 3-years recurrence-free rate: 77% vs. 52%). However, overall survival was not significantly different between the two (p=0.53; 3-years survival rate: 74% in both). Conclusion: While SQ showed better tumor response and longer time to recurrence after ICRT than AD, the overall survival was not different between the two. AD remained at the periphery of primary tumor more frequently than SQ after ICRT.
Therapeutic Assessment of Fractions of Hawthorn on Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder by UPLC-MS/MS-based Metabolomics
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Luo Lan , Xu Xiaoli , Chen Xingyu , He Qiong , Zou Zhongjie , Wang Shumei , Liang Shengwang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Hawthorn, a commonly-used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating dyspepsia，dysmenorrhea and hyperlipidemia, etc., has been proven to improve gastrointestinal motility, avoid food retention. Due to its complex ingredients, the active fractions responsible for the treatment of improving digestion remain largely unknown. To explore the underlying material and interpret its potential mechanism, the therapeutic effect of extract from different polar parts of hawthorn on gastrointestinal motility disorder was studied based on the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) metabolomics . Materials and Methods: The rat model of gastrointestinal motility disorder was established by subcutaneous injecting with atropine. The modeled rats were then treated with 4 polar parts (T1-4 in descending polarity, corresponding to water, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts, respectively) of hawthorn for 5 consecutive days. The stomach, small intestine, plasma samples were collected and then subjected to related measurement (gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate), UPLC-MS/MS metabolic profiling and multivariate/univariate statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that T3 had the best therapeutic effect, and T1, T2 and T4 with no obvious therapeutic effect, demonstrating that the effective components of hawthorn should be compounds of medium polarity. T3 achieved good therapeutic effects due to the gastrointestinal motility promotion activity, and by rectifying the disturbed amino acid metabolism in gastrointestinal motility disorder model. Conclusion: This integrated metabolomics approach proved the validity of the therapeutic effect of extract from different polar parts of hawthorn on gastrointestinal motility disorder, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms, and demonstrating the feasibility of metabolomics to evaluate efficacy of herbal drug, which is often difficult by traditional means.
The Feasibility of the Braden Scale for Assessing Pneumonia After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ding Yunlong , Ji Zhanyi , Zhao Yingmin , Wu Chunyan , Zhang Wei , Tang Ping , Liu Jie , Gu Zhiqun , Liu Yan , Niu Jiali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is an infection that commonly occurs in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and causes serious burdens. The six subscales of the Braden scale seem to be related to the occurrence of pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the Braden scale for predicting SAP after spontaneous ICH.
Methods

Patients with spontaneous ICH who were admitted to Jingjiang People’s Hospital and Zhoukou Central Hospital were retrospectively included and divided into two groups: the pneumonia and no pneumonia groups. The Braden scale and ICH-APS-A scale scores and demographic and clinical characteristics were collected, and the differences between the two groups were compared with statistical analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the predictive validity of the Braden scale for SAP after ICH.
Results

A total of 629 patients with ICH were included in this study, 150 (23.8%) of whom developed SAP. There were significant differences in age and fasting blood glucose level between the two groups, and the ICH-ASP-A score in the pneumonia group was significantly higher than that in the no pneumonia group (8.5 ± 3.9 vs 4.9 ± 3.2, P < 0.01). The mean score on the Braden scale in the pneumonia group was significantly lower than that in the no pneumonia group (16.5 ± 2.6, P < 0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) for the ICH-ASP-A score for the prediction of pneumonia after spontaneous ICH was 0.755 (95% CI = 0.712–0.798). When the cutoff point was 8 points, the sensitivity was 56.7% and the specificity was 77.5%. The AUC for the Braden scale for the prediction of pneumonia after ICH was 0.760 (95% CI = 0.717–0.804). When the cutoff point was 15 points, the sensitivity was 74.3% and the specificity was 64.7%.
Conclusions

The Braden scale is effective in predicting pneumonia after ICH. The Braden scale, with a cutoff point of 15 points, is a valid clinical grading scale for predicting SAP after spontaneous ICH.
When did COVID-19 start? - Optimal inference of time ZERO
Authors: Zhai Zheng-Meng , Long Yong-Shang , Tang Ming , Liu Zonghua , Lai Ying-Cheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
According to the official report, the first case of COVID-19 and the first death in the United States occurred on January 20 and February 29, 2020, respectively. On April 21, California reported that the first death in the state occurred on February 6, implying that community spreading of COVID-19 might have started earlier than previously thought. Exactly what is time ZERO, i.e., when did COVID-19 emerge and begin to spread in the US and other countries? We develop a comprehensive predictive modeling framework to address this question. Using available data of confirmed infections to obtain the optimal values of the key parameters, we validate the model and demonstrate its predictive power. We then carry out an inverse inference analysis to determine time ZERO for ten representative States in the US, plus New York city, UK, Italy, and Spain. The main finding is that, in both the US and Europe, COVID-19 started around the new year day.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of TAT,PIC,TM, and t-PAIC in malignant tumor patients with venous thrombosis
Authors: Zhou Kun , Zhang Jun , Zheng Rong zun , Zhou Zhen yu , Zhou Xun , Wang Da li , Suo Bing , Jiang Feng xiao , Liu Jia pei , Wang Hua dong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important complication in patients with malignant tumors.Its exact diagnosis and treatment are still lacking.We used a high-sensitive chemiluminescence method to detect thrombin–antithrombin III complex (TAT),plasmin-α2-plasmininhibitor complex (PIC), thrombomodulin (TM),and tissue plasminogen activator–inhibitor complex(t-PAIC) in combination with D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) to analyze their diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: In total, 870 patients with confirmed malignant tumors were included, 82 of whom had suspected VTE;200 healthy individuals were classified as the control group. The TAT, PIC,TM, and t-PAIC were detected using Sysmex HISCL5000 automated analyzers, whereas FDP and D-dimer were detected using Sysmex CS5100 coagulation analyzer.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency.Survival probabilities were determined using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox regression model. Results: Compared with healthy controls,patients with malignant tumors showed significantly elevated TAT,PIC,TM,t-PAIC,D-dimer, and FDP. Similarly, compared with patients in the non-thrombosis group, those in the thrombosis group showed significantly elevated levels of the above mentioned markers. Logistic regression analysis showed that TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, D-Dimer, and FDP were all associated with VTE.ROC analysis showed that “TAT+PIC+TM+t-PAIC+D-dimer+FDP”showed the highest sensitivity and specificity.Patients with elevated TAT,PIC,TM, and t-PAIC had a significantly shorter survival.Multivariate Cox survival analysis showed that TM and t-PAIC were significantly associated with poor prognosis.In addition, the incidence of VTE was significantly lower in patients with malignant tumors who were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and their survival period was significantly longer than that of patients with malignant tumors who were not treated with LMWH. Conclusion: TAT, PIC, TM, and t-PAIC combined with D-dimer and FDP were better than the application of a single marker in the diagnosis of VTE in patients with malignant tumors.TAT and PIC can be used as sensitive markers in the diagnosis of VTE but not as prognostic markers. TM and t-PAIC might be independent prognostic indicators in patients with malignant tumors, regardless of the state of thrombus.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown (general holiday) on air quality of Dhaka City
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Chowdhury Tahmid Anam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 has forced to implement a lockdown during April-May 2020 by restricting people's movement, the shutdown of industries and motor vehicles in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to contain the virus. This type of strict measures returned an outcome of the reduction of urban air pollution around the world. The present study aims to investigate the reduction of the concentration of pollutants in the air of Dhaka City and the reduction of the Air Quality Index (AQI). Necessary time-series data of the concentration of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO have been collected from the archive of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Sentinel-5P. The time-series data have been analyzed by descriptive statistics, and AQI is calculated following an appropriate formula suggested by US EPA based on the criteria pollutants. The study found that the concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO have been reduced by 23, 30, 07, and 07% during April-May 2020, respectively, compared with the preceding year's concentration. Moreover, the AQI has also been reduced by up to 35% than the previous year in April-May 2020. However, the magnitude of pollution reduction in Dhaka is lower than other cities and countries globally, including Delhi, Sao Paulo, Wuhan, Spain, Italy, USA, etc. The main reason includes the poor implementation of lockdown, especially in the first week of April and the second fortnight of May. The findings will be useful for policymakers to find a way to control the pollution sources to enhance Dhaka's air quality.
Metatranscriptomic analysis of functional response of colonic microbiota to different dietary fibers in growing pigs
Authors: Xu Jie , Xu Rongying , Jia Menglan , Su Yong , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Dietary fibers are widely considered to be beneficial for health by producing nutrients by gut microbial fermentation while helping with weight management and gut health. So far, the gene expression profiles of CAZymes responsing to different type of fibers (raw potato starch, RPS; inulin, INU; pectin, PEC) in the gut microbes of pigs are not well understood. Therefore, we investigate the functional response of colonic microbiota to different dietary fibers in pigs based on metatranscriptomic analysis. Results Results showed that the microbial composition and carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) structure of three experimental groups changed significantly compared to the control group (CON). As determined by comparative analysis with the control diet, RPS increased the abundances of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium and Alloprevotella, and decreased Sutterella. INU increased the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Rhodococcus, while decreased Bacillus. And pectin treatment increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Bacteroidetes group, while decreased the relative abundance of Clostridium, Clostridioides, Intestinibacter, Gemmiger, Muribaculum, and Vibrio. The gene expression of CAZymes GH8, GH14, GH24, GH38, GT14, GT31, GT77 and GT91 downregulated while GH77, GH97, GT3, GT10 and GT27 upregulated in the RPS diet group; AA4, AA7, GH14, GH15, GH24, GH26, GH27, GH38, GH101, GT26, GT27 and GT38 downregulated in the INU group; as to the PEC group, the gene expression of PL4, AA1, GT32, GH18, GH37, GH101, and GH112 downregulated while CE14, AA3, AA12, GH5, GH102 and GH103 upregulated. Compared to RPS and INU groups, the composition of colonic microbiota in the PEC group had more diverse changes with the variation of carbohydrate active enzymes and Streptococcus as the main contributor to CBM61, which promoted the digestion of pectin greatly. Conclusions The results of this exploratory study displayed a comprehensive overview on the effects of different fibers on gut microbiota and CAZymes in pig colons, which will provide new insights into the impacts of the use of dietary fibers on animal or human health.
The Magnitude of Unsafe Child Feces Disposal Practices and Its Association With Reported Diarrhea in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Soboksa Negasa Eshete , Olkeba Bekam Kebede , Gudeta Dinkinesh Begna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction:The unsafe disposal of children’s feces may be an important contaminant in household environments, posing a high risk of exposure to infants. Several studies done on the magnitude of unsafe disposal of child feces and its association with reported childhood diarrheahave variedoutcomesand no tries have been made to systematically review this. Therefore, itis necessitating a systematic review to provide an exhaustive summary of current evidence. Thus, the objective ofthis study will be to pool out the available evidence on the magnitude of unsafe child feces disposalpractices and its association with reported childhood diarrhea in low-income and middle-income countries. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library database, and Ovid Medline will be searched to identify relevant literature for this review. Moreover, Google search engine, Google Scholar, and references of other studieswill be searched from January 2000 to December 2020. The primary outcome of interest will bethe magnitude of unsafe disposal of child feces and the secondary outcome will be its association with reported diarrhea. Observationalstudies (cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies) written in English will be included in this review. The selected studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers using an appropriate tool. The pooled magnitude of unsafe disposal of child feces and its association with reported childhood diarrhea will be analyzed using Stata version 16. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the chi-square test (Q-test) statistics and inverse variance index (I2). Forest plots will be used to present the combined estimate with 95% CI.A funnel plot and Egger’s test of small study bias will be used to assess publication bias.Discussion:This systematic review will identify the evidence available on themagnitude of unsafe child fecesdisposal practicesand its associationwith reported diarrhea. The findings from this study will bemade publicly available in a repository and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings from this study will also provide directions for future research and public health professionals with an understanding of the importance of safe child feces disposal practices to preventingchildhood diarrhea in the community.Systematic review registrationnumber: PROSPERO CRD42020189034
Potent Therapy and Transcriptional Profile of Combined Erythropoietin Derived Peptide CHBP and Caspase-3 siRNA against Kidney Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in mice
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Weiwei , Zhang Yufang , Liu Aifen , Yang Cheng , Wang Hui , Zhu Tongyu , Fan Yaping , Yang Bin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cause-specific treatment and timely diagnosis are still not available for acute kidney injury (AKI) apart from supportive therapy and serum creatinine measurement. A novel erythropoietin-derived cyclic helix B surface peptide (CHBP) protects kidneys against AKI with different causes, but the underlying mechanism is not fully defined. Herein, we investigated the transcriptional profile of renoprotection induced by CHBP and its potential synergistic effects with siRNA targeting caspase-3, an executing enzyme of apoptosis and inflammation, (CASP3siRNA) on ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI. Utilizing a mouse model with 30-min renal bilateral ischemia and 48-h reperfusion, the renoprotection of CHBP or CASP3siRNA was demonstrated in renal function and structure, active caspase-3 and HMGB1 expression. Combined treatment of CHBP and CASP3siRNA further preserved kidney structure, and reduced active caspase-3 and HMGB1. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with fold change > 1.414 and P < 0.05. In IR kidneys, 281 DEGs induced by CHBP were mainly involved in promoting cell division and improving cellular function and metabolism (up-regulated STAT5B and SLC22A7). The additional administration of CASP3siRNA caused 504 and 418 DEGs in IR + CHBP kidneys with or without NCsiRNA, with 37 genes in common. These DEGs were associated with modulated apoptosis and inflammation (up-regulated BCL6, SLPI and SERPINA3M), and immunity, injury and microvascular homeostasis (up-regulated CFH and GREM1, and down-regulated ANGPTL2). This proof-of-effect study indicated the potent renoprotection of CASP3siRNA upon CHBP at the early stage of IR-induced AKI. Underlying genes, BCL6, SLPI, SERPINA3M, GREM1 and ANGPTL2, might be potential new biomarkers for clinical applications.
SEGURANÇA NA CONSTRUÇÃO E REPAROS NAVAIS EM ESTALEIRO DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM.
Authors: Coelho Heyder Cartney Araujo , Araújo André Vinícius da Costa 
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo fazer um levantamento dos principais riscos encontrados no setor da construção e reparos navais em estaleiro da região metropolitana de Belém, através de um estudo de caso, com visitas realizadas durante a fase inicial do trabalho, de forma a avaliar a existência ou não de um sistema de gestão, apresentando sugestões de melhorias físicas e adequações às normas de segurança existentes, para as principais fases do processo de fabricação/reparos demandados no estaleiro. Portanto, esse trabalho nos permitiu fazer uma análise do atual processo do estaleiro, demostrado através dos registros e sugerir melhorias como forma de assegurar a eficácia do processo fabril e segurança de seus colaboradores, como um estudo para a implantação de um novo layout com mapeamento de suas áreas de riscos, além de sugerir a elaboração de análise preliminar dos riscos existentes.