bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential implementation of DSC-MR perfusion and dynamic [18F]FET PET allows efficient differentiation of glioma progression from treatment-related changes
Authors: Steidl Eike , Langen Karl-Josef , Hmeidan Sarah Abu , Polomac Nenad , Filss Christian P. , Galldiks Norbert , Lohmann Philipp , Keil Fee , Filipski Katharina , Mottaghy Felix M. , Shah Nadim Jon , Steinbach Joachim P. , Hattingen Elke , Maurer Gabriele D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) and O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl-)-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET) PET are both applied to discriminate tumor progression (TP) from treatment-related changes (TRC) in patients with suspected recurrent glioma. While the combination of both methods has been reported to improve the diagnostic accuracy, the performance of a sequential implementation has not been further investigated. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic value of consecutive PWI and [18F]FET PET.

Methods
We evaluated 104 patients with WHO grade II–IV glioma and suspected TP on conventional MRI using PWI and dynamic [18F]FET PET. Leakage corrected maximum relative cerebral blood volumes (rCBVmax) were obtained from dynamic susceptibility contrast PWI. Furthermore, we calculated static (i.e., maximum tumor to brain ratios; TBRmax) and dynamic [18F]FET PET parameters (i.e., Slope). Definitive diagnoses were based on histopathology (n = 42) or clinico-radiological follow-up (n = 62). The diagnostic performance of PWI and [18F]FET PET parameters to differentiate TP from TRC was evaluated by analyzing receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC).

Results
Across all patients, the differentiation of TP from TRC using rCBVmax or [18F]FET PET parameters was moderate (AUC = 0.69–0.75; p < 0.01). A rCBVmax cutoff > 2.85 had a positive predictive value for TP of 100%, enabling a correct TP diagnosis in 44 patients. In the remaining 60 patients, combined static and dynamic [18F]FET PET parameters (TBRmax, Slope) correctly discriminated TP and TRC in a significant 78% of patients, increasing the overall accuracy to 87%. A subgroup analysis of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant tumors indicated a superior performance of PWI to [18F]FET PET (AUC = 0.8/< 0.62, p < 0.01/≥ 0.3).

Conclusion
While marked hyperperfusion on PWI indicated TP, [18F]FET PET proved beneficial to discriminate TP from TRC when PWI remained inconclusive. Thus, our results highlight the clinical value of sequential use of PWI and [18F]FET PET, allowing an economical use of diagnostic methods. The impact of an IDH mutation needs further investigation.
Ethnography, CSCW and Ethnomethodology
Authors: Randall David , Rouncefield Mark , Tolmie Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper documents some details and some examples of the influence of ethnomethodological work in the fieldwork tradition associated with European CSCW; in particular what has been termed ‘ethnomethodologically informed ethnography’. In so doing, we do not wish to downplay other perspectival and methodological contributions but to simply suggest that much of the ethnomethodological work that was done in the UK during the early development of CSCW had a distinctive character and made significant contributions to the study of complex organizational environments for design-related purposes that arguably reinvigorated the European fieldwork tradition. The distinctiveness we speak of in ‘ethnomethodologically informed ethnography’ had to do with what it owed to Wittgenstein and Winch as much as Garfinkel and Sacks, was rooted in a contempt for methodological fetishism, and emphasized the centrality of reasoning or rationale in the conduct of working and, more generally, social life. This focus and approach drew heavily on the ethnographic work of the likes of John Hughes in Lancaster, Wes Sharrock in Manchester, Bob Anderson at Xerox in Cambridge, and Christian Heath in King’s, London, where attention was focused on the actual ‘doing’ of work as opposed to work in some idealised form – and it is this that we suggest has become important to design and designers of various kinds and in various domains.
Improved numerical stability for the bounded integer model
Authors: Ueckert Sebastian , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article highlights some numerical challenges when implementing the bounded integer model for composite score modeling and suggests an improved implementation. The improvement is based on an approximation of the logarithm of the error function. After presenting the derivation of the improved implementation, the article compares the performance of the algorithm to a naive implementation of the log-likelihood using both simulations and a real data example. In the simulation setting, the improved algorithm yielded more precise and less biased parameter estimates when the within-subject variability was small and estimation was performed using the Laplace algorithm. The estimation results did not differ between implementations when the SAEM algorithm was used. For the real data example, bootstrap results differed between implementations with the improved implementation producing identical or better objective function values. Based on the findings in this article, the improved implementation is suggested as the new default log-likelihood implementation for the bounded integer model.
Microstructure and paramagnetic Meissner effect of YBa2Cu3Oy nanowire networks
Authors: Pessoa A. L. , Koblischka-Veneva A. , Carvalho C. L. , Zadorosny R. , Koblischka M. R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe microstructure and magnetic characterizations of non-woven, fabric-like YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) nanofiber mats are reported. The samples were produced by solution blow spinning (SBS), starting from a sol-gel solution of the precursor materials in polyvinylpyrrolidone. In the present work, the nanowire network samples were morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the superconducting properties were measured by magnetometry. An interesting feature is the appearance of a paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME) when field-cooling, firstly verified in that sort of sample. The PME appears only in very small applied magnetic fields, which is similar to previous observations of the PME on an artificially granular YBCO thin film, but distinctly different from bulk samples investigated in the literature. Thus, we explain the PME by flux trapping within the voids of the nanoporous structure of the nanofiber mats.
Low assimilate partitioning to root biomass is associated with carbon losses at an intensively managed temperate grassland
Authors: Poyda Arne , Reinsch Thorsten , Struck Inger J. , Skinner R. Howard , Kluß Christof , Taube Friedhelm 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aims
This study aimed to investigate how efficiently assimilated carbon (C) is incorporated in plant biomass at an intensively managed old permanent grassland, how C is partitioned between shoots and roots and what are the implications for C sequestration.

Methods
Using the eddy covariance technique, the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CO2 was measured for two years at a sandy grassland site in northern Germany. In addition to aboveground net primary production (ANPP), belowground NPP (BNPP) was observed using the ingrowth core method.

Results
The grassland showed a high productivity in terms of biomass yield (14.8 Mg dry matter ha−1 yr−1) and net CO2 uptake (−2.82 Mg CO2-C ha−1 yr−1). Photosynthetically assimilated C was converted to biomass with a high carbon use efficiency (CUE) of 71% during the growing season. However, a comparably low fraction of 17% of NPP was allocated to roots (fBNPP). Consequently, the main fraction of NPP was removed during harvest, turning the site into a net source of 0.29 Mg C ha−1 yr−1.

Conclusions
Our study showed the flexibility of grass root growth patterns in response to alterations in resource availability. We conclude that highly fertilized grasslands can lose their ability for C sequestration due to low belowground C allocation.
Description of a new marine predatory nematode Latronema dyngi sp. nov. (Nematoda, Chromadorida, Selachinematidae) from the west coast of Sweden and an updated phylogeny of Chromadoria
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Holovachov Oleksandr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new nematode species,Latronema dyngisp. nov., is described from Skagerrak off the west coast of Sweden with the type locality near Dyngö island.Latronema dyngisp. nov. is characterized by multispiral amphideal fovea with circular outline, 0.2–0.3 corresponding body diameters wide in males and 0.1–0.2 corresponding body diameters wide in females, 12 cuticular longitudinal ridges and 18–27 precloacal supplements in males.Latronema dyngisp. nov. most closely resemblesL. orcinumin terms of body length; demanian ratios a, b, c and c′; number of amphid turns in males; and the ratio of spicule length to cloacal body diameter. The two species can be differentiated by the number longitudinal ridges on the cuticle (12 forLatronema dyngisp. nov. vs 20–22 forL. orcinum) and spicule length (65–78 μm forL. dyngivs 60 forL. orcinum) and shape (weakly arcuate forL. dyngisp. nov. vs strongly arcuate forL. orcinum). We also performed a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis on over 250 nematodes of the subclass Chromadoria based on their nearly full-length 18S rDNA sequences. In agreement with previous studies, our analysis supported Selachinematidae as a monophyletic group and placedRichtersiaSteiner, 1916 within Desmodoridae Filipjev, 1922 or just outside of the main Desmodorida clade with the latter placement not well supported.
Heterogeneity, trust and common-pool resource management
Authors: van Klingeren Fijnanda , de Graaf Nan Dirk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreasing migration, leading to more heterogeneous societies, may challenge the successful management of common-pool resources (CPRs) directly due to the lack of shared interests, and indirectly by reducing trust amongst local commons users, speeding up depletion of vital natural and man-made resources. Since little research has been done on this topic, we analyse the relation between economic and sociocultural heterogeneity, trust and successful commons management for fisheries and irrigation systems. Using multiple imputations with chained equations, random forests and predictive mean matching, we adopt an innovative and technically advanced approach to employ Elinor Ostrom’s famous CPR Database. Our approach enables us to include economic and sociocultural heterogeneity, trust and control variables in one model and to investigate both direct and indirect effects of heterogeneity on CPR success, which has not been attempted before. Results show no evidence of the negative relation between heterogeneity and CPR success. However, economic heterogeneity is negatively related to trust, and trust is found to be positively related to CPR success. Evidence is found for an indirect effect of economic heterogeneity through trust on CPR success.
A&nbsp;randomised trial of the effectiveness of instructor versus automated manikin feedback for training junior doctors in life support skills
Authors: Wilson Chris , Furness Erin , Proctor Leah , Sweetman Greg , Hird Kathryn 
Published: November 2020

Introduction Australian Standards require that clinicians undergo regular training in skills required to respond to the acute deterioration of a patient. Training focuses on the ability to appropriately respond to cardiac arrest, including delivering cardiac compressions, ventilation and appropriate defibrillation. Providing such training comes at a significant cost to the organisation and impacts on clinician time in direct patient care. If effective, the use of an automated manikin could significantly reduce costs and provide consistent training experiences.
Methods Fifty-six resident medical officers were randomised to two groups to test two skills components of hospital life support training under two feedback conditions. The skills components were cardiac compressions and bag-valve-mask ventilation. The feedback conditions were automated feedback delivered by a simulation manikin and traditional feedback delivered by an instructor. All participants were exposed to both skills components and both feedback conditions in a counterbalanced block design. Participants completed surveys before and after training.
Results The results demonstrated significantly better performance in cardiac compressions under the automated manikin feedback condition compared with the instructor feedback condition. This difference was not observed in bag-valve-mask ventilation. The majority of participants found the automated manikin feedback more useful than the instructor feedback.
Discussion Automated manikin feedback was not inferior to instructor feedback for skill acquisition in cardiac compressions training. The automated feedback condition did not achieve the same level of significance in bag-valve-mask ventilation training. Results suggest training with automated feedback presents a cost-effective opportunity to lessen the training burden, whilst improving skill acquisition.
Soziale Probleme. Wissenssoziologische Überlegungen
Authors: Keller Reiner , Poferl Angelika 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag widmet sich dem Verhältnis von Wissenssoziologie und Soziologie sozialer Probleme. Er geht von weitreichenden Überlappungen zwischen zentralen wissenssoziologischen Positionen und Forschungsinteressen sowie den im engeren und weiteren Sinne ‚konstruktivistischen‘ Positionen innerhalb der Soziologie sozialer Probleme aus. Die Argumentation greift Konzepte aus der jüngeren deutschsprachigen Wissenssoziologie – „Problematisierungswissen“ und „Relevanzhorizonte“, „Wissenskulturen“ und „Wissensverhältnisse/Wissenspolitiken“ – auf und verdeutlicht deren mögliche Anregungspotentiale für eine Soziologie sozialer Probleme.
Partizipatives Gesundheitsmanagement in der flexiblen Produktion: Entwicklung und Evaluation des teambezogenen Präventionskonzeptes SePIAR
Authors: Gerlmaier Anja 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit kurzem existieren erste arbeitswissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse über gesundheitsbezogene Risiken und Gestaltungspotenziale bei digital vernetzten Produktionssystemen. Allerdings gibt es bisher kaum auf Arbeitsgestaltung abzielende Präventionsansätze, die sich für eine Stärkung der Gesundheitsressourcen in diesen von hohen Veränderungsdruck geprägten Arbeitskontexten als wirksam erwiesen haben.Im Beitrag wird das Präventionskonzept SePIAR vorgestellt und über Ergebnisse einer Wirksamkeitsanalyse in acht Arbeitsbereichen aus der Produktion bzw. produktionsnahen Wissensarbeit berichtet. Das Verfahren richtet sich an Teams und ihre Führungskräfte und will diese befähigen, Stressursachen in ihrem Arbeitsbereich zu erkennen und kollektive Handlungsressourcen zu mobilisieren. Die Evaluation deutet auf positive Effekte im Hinblick auf Empowerment, Beteiligungserleben, Handlungskompetenz und Erschöpfungserleben hin.Praktische RelevanzDie durch das Arbeitsschutzgesetz geforderte Regulation psychischer Belastungen stellt betriebliche Akteure des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes in vernetzten Produktionssystemen vor besondere Herausforderungen. Dort bestehen erhebliche Präventionshemmnisse aufgrund von geringen Zeit- und Personalkapazitäten und eine sehr hohe Veränderungsdynamik bei der Belastungssituation. Klassische bedingungsbezogene Instrumente wie Gesundheitszirkel sind nicht darauf ausgelegt, zeitnah Ergebnisse zu liefern. Das Präventionskonzept SePIAR setzt hier auf den Aufbau kollektiver Gestaltungskompetenz unter Anwendung weitreichender Mitwirkungsmöglichkeiten von Teams und ihren Führungskräften. Das Verfahren bietet einen fruchtbaren Ansatz, durch den Aufbau lokaler Gestaltungskompetenz Hemmnisse bei der Umsetzung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung Psyche zu überwinden.
Behavior of compressed plasmas in magnetic fields
Authors: Ganguli Gurudas , Crabtree Chris , Fletcher Alex , Amatucci Bill 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasma in the earth’s magnetosphere is subjected to compression during geomagnetically active periods and relaxation in subsequent quiet times. Repeated compression and relaxation is the origin of much of the plasma dynamics and intermittency in the near-earth environment. An observable manifestation of compression is the thinning of the plasma sheet resulting in magnetic reconnection when the solar wind mass, energy, and momentum floods into the magnetosphere culminating in the spectacular auroral display. This phenomenon is rich in physics at all scale sizes, which are causally interconnected. This poses a formidable challenge in accurately modeling the physics. The large-scale processes are fluid-like and are reasonably well captured in the global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models, but those in the smaller scales responsible for dissipation and relaxation that feed back to the larger scale dynamics are often in the kinetic regime. The self-consistent generation of the small-scale processes and their feedback to the global plasma dynamics remains to be fully explored. Plasma compression can lead to the generation of electromagnetic fields that distort the particle orbits and introduce new features beyond the purview of the MHD framework, such as ambipolar electric fields, unequal plasma drifts and currents among species, strong spatial and velocity gradients in gyroscale layers separating plasmas of different characteristics, etc. These boundary layers are regions of intense activity characterized by emissions that are measurable. We study the behavior of such compressed plasmas and discuss the relaxation mechanisms to understand their measurable signatures as well as their feedback to influence the global scale plasma evolution.
Prevalence of vitamin D status and its association with overweight or obesity in a population of Colombian children and adolescents
Authors: Rojas Lyda Z. , Quintero-Lesmes Doris C. , Gamboa-Delgado Edna M. , Guio Elizabeth , Serrano Norma C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of 25-OH-D status (insufficiency and deficiency) in children and adolescents residing in Bucaramanga, Colombia and to determine its association with excess weight. A case–control study was nested in the SIMBA II cohort in children and adolescents between the ages of 11 and 20 years old. Cases were defined as those children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. The control group was composed of children and adolescents from the same population sample with similar sociodemographic and economic characteristics but without overweight or obesity diagnosis. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) was quantified in serum using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between vitamin D status and overweight or obesity adjusted for the main confounding variables. A total of 494 children and adolescents cases were 138 (52⋅17% boys and 47⋅83% girls; median age 16⋅0 [Q1 15; Q3 18]). The median BMI S-Score minors age in the cases was 1⋅36 [Q1 1⋅06; Q3 2⋅00] and BMI (kg/m2) 28⋅0 [Q1 26⋅2; Q3 30⋅8]. The prevalence of vitamin D in the cases was deficiency 16⋅67%, insufficiency 57⋅25%, sufficiency 26⋅09. 25-OH-D insufficiency was associated with overweight or obesity after adjusting for the main confounding variables (OR 1⋅73; 95% CI 1⋅05–2⋅84). Our study concludes that the 25-OH-D insufficiency is common in children and adolescents in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and it was associated with overweight or obesity.
From Nationalism to National Indifference: Binary Logic and Sense of Time
Authors: Lieberman Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe vast body of inquiry into nationalism has traditionally seen Europe as a main center for the emergence of nationalism, but scholars of “national indifference” have countered with the idea that nationalism may not matter much at all as a motive for most people. The concept of national indifference calls into question the power of nationalism as a motive for action and the mass appeal of nationalism. Studies of national indifference have constructed an alternative non-national narrative, but face particular challenges accounting for major themes and episodes of discrimination and violence. At its core, national indifference paradoxically both rejects and accepts binary notions of identity and incorporates binary assumptions about motives. It is tempting to resolve the contest between parallel accounts of pervasive, powerful nationalism and national indifference by choosing a victor, but this contrast between models shows the fluidity and dynamism of nationalism. The debate between the now classic accounts of nationalism and the alternative of national indifference points to the importance of often overlooked variables: frames and sense of time.
Contribution of stressful life events to gambling activity in older age
Authors: Granero Roser , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , del Pino-Gutiérrez Amparo , Mena-Moreno Teresa , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Gómez-Peña Mónica , Moragas Laura , Aymamí Neus , Giroux Isabelle , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Sauvaget Anne , Codina Ester , Vintró-Alcaraz Cristina , Lozano-Madrid María , Camozzi Marco , Agüera Zaida , Sánchez-González Jéssica , Casalé-Salayet Gemma , Sánchez Isabel , López-González Hibai , Baenas Isabel , Menchón José M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOlder subjects are susceptible to develop gambling problems, and researchers have attempted to assess the mechanisms underlying the gambling profile in later life. The objective of this study was to identify the main stressful life events (SLE) across the lifespan which have discriminative capacity for detecting the presence of gambling disorder (GD) in older adults. Data from two independent samples of individuals aged 50+ were analysed: N = 47 patients seeking treatment at a Pathological Gambling Outpatient Unit and N = 361 participants recruited from the general population. Sexual problems (p< 0.001), exposure to domestic violent behaviour (p< 0.001), severe financial problems (p= 0.002), alcohol or drug-related problems (p= 0.004) and extramarital sex (p< 0.001) were related to a higher risk of GD, while getting married (p= 0.005), moving to a new home (p= 0.003) and moving to a new city (p= 0.006) decreased the likelihood of disordered gambling. The accumulated number of SLE was not a predictor of the presence of GD (p= 0.732), but patients who met clinical criteria for GD reported higher concurrence of SLE in time than control individuals (p< 0.001). Empirical research highlights the need to include older age groups in evidence-based policies for gambling prevention, because these individuals are at high risk of onset and/or progression of behavioural addiction-related problems such as GD. The results of this study may be useful for developing reliable screening/diagnostic tools and for planning effective early intervention programmes aimed to reduce the harm related to the onset and evolution of problem gambling in older adults.