bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cistanches alleviates sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction by regulating PPAR‐γ‐dependent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory in rats
Authors: Peng Sheng , Li Pengyi , Liu Peirong , Yan Hongzhu , Wang Juan , Lu Weihua , Liu Chunliang , Zhou Yixin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of cistanche on sevoflurane‐induced aged cognitive dysfunction rat model. Aged (24 months) male SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, sevoflurane group, control + cistanche and sevoflurane + cistanche group. Subsequently, inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA, and the cognitive dysfunction of rats was evaluated by water maze test, open‐field test and the fear conditioning test. Three days following anaesthesia, the rats were killed and hippocampus was harvested for the analysis of relative biomolecules. The oxidative stress level was indicated as nitrite and MDA concentration, along with the SOD and CAT activity. Finally, PPAR‐γ antagonist was used to explore the mechanism of cistanche in vivo. The results showed that after inhaling the sevoflurane, 24‐ but not 3‐month‐old male SD rats developed obvious cognitive impairments in the behaviour test 3 days after anaesthesia. Intraperitoneal injection of cistanche at the dose of 50 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days before anaesthesia alleviated the sevoflurane‐induced elevation of neuroinflammation levels and significantly attenuated the hippocampus‐dependent memory impairments in 24‐month‐old rats. Cistanche also reduced the oxidative stress by decreasing nitrite and MDA while increasing the SOD and CAT activity. Moreover, such treatment also inhibited the activation of microglia. In addition, we demonstrated that PPAR‐γ inhibition conversely alleviated cistanche‐induced protective effect. Taken together, we demonstrated that cistanche can exert antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptosis and anti‐activation of microglia effects on the development of sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction by activating PPAR‐γ signalling.
Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility to antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance in poultry sector of India
Authors: Saharan Vijay Veer , Verma Preeti , Singh Arvind Pratap 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn India, little attention has been paid on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the context of developing “One Health” approach. Hence, utilizing multi‐disciplinary approach, we assess the AMR level and dynamics/pattern of multi‐drug resistance (MDR) in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus circulating over the different stages of poultry in India. A total of 342 isolates including E. coli (n = 143), Salmonella spp. (n = 104), and S. aureus (n = 95) were recovered from fecal (n = 80) and cecal (n = 80) samples of chicken, collected across the different poultry‐retail shops and poultry‐farms located at urban and rural areas of Rajasthan, India, respectively. High rates of AMR to drugs that are critically/highly important both in human and veterinary medicine were observed among all the isolates. Upward trends in AMR prevalence was observed in poultry‐retail shops than in poultry‐farms. Notably, >90% of all the isolates were MDR, of particular, pattern/prevalence of MDR was substantially varied across the poultry‐farms vs. poultry‐retail shops. Our results indicate AMR including MDR to be common in E. coli, Salmonella spp., and S. aureus distributed frequently in poultry. The study encourages the formulation of national policy, programmes and further research with a “One Health” approach that can benefits to the human/animal and the environment.
The risk of acute cholangitis after endoscopic stenting for malignant hilar strictures: A large comprehensive study
Authors: Xia Ming‐Xing , Wang Shu‐Ping , Wu Jun , Gao Dao‐Jian , Ye Xin , Wang Tian‐Tian , Zhao Yi , Hu Bing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic stenting for unresectable malignant hilar biliary strictures (MHBS) remains challenging. Post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cholangitis (PEC) can be the most common and fatal adverse event. In the present study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the incidence, severity, risk factors, and consequences of PEC after endoscopic procedures for advanced MHBS.MethodsOf 924 patients, we identified 502 patients with MHBS (Bismuth types II to IV) who underwent endoscopic stenting as the primary therapy at two centers over 16 years. PEC and its severity were verified according to the current Tokyo guidelines.ResultsA total of 108 patients (21.5%) experienced acute PEC. Mild, moderate, and severe cholangitis were encountered in 51 (10.1%), 42 (8.4%), and 15 (3.0%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that metal stenting (verse plastic stenting) (OR 0.328, 95% CI 0.200–0.535, P < 0.001) and Bismuth classification (IV vs III/II) (OR 2.499, 95% CI 1.150–5.430) were independent predictors for PEC and the moderate/severe type. Patients with PEC had significantly lower clinical success rates (86.3% vs 41.7%, P < 0.001), a higher rate of early death (6.5% vs 0.5%, P < 0.001), a shorter median stent patency (4.9 vs 6.4 months, P < 0.001), and shorter overall survival (2.6 vs 5.2 months, P < 0.001) compared with the noncholangitis group.Conclusions﻿After endoscopic stenting for advanced MHBS, cholangitis may occur in as many as 21.5% of patients, which may be associated with a poor prognosis. The risk is high in patients with Bismuth type IV and may be reduced by using metal stents.
International consensus statements for endoscopic management of distal biliary stricture
Authors: Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Khor Christopher , Yasuda Ichiro , Kogure Hirofumi , Moon Jong Ho , Lau James , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Ratanachu‐ek Thawee , Seo Dong Wan , Lee Dong Ki , Makmun Dadang , Dy Frederick , Liao Wei‐Chih , Draganov Peter V , Almadi Majid , Irisawa Atsushi , Katanuma Akio , Kitano Masayuki , Ryozawa Shomei , Fujisawa Toshio , Wallace Michael B , Itoi Takao , Devereaux Benedict 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDistal biliary strictures (DBS) are common and may be caused by both malignant and benign pathologies. While endoscopic procedures play a major role in their management, a comprehensive review of the subject is still lacking. Our consensus statements were formulated by a group of expert Asian pancreatico‐biliary interventional endoscopists, following a proposal from the Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan, the Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and the Tokyo Conference of Asian Pancreato‐biliary Interventional Endoscopy. Based on a literature review utilizing Medline, Cochrane library, and Embase databases, a total of 19 consensus statements on DBS were made on diagnosis, endoscopic drainage, benign biliary stricture, malignant biliary stricture, and management of recurrent biliary obstruction and other complications. Our consensus statements provide comprehensive guidance for the endoscopic management of DBS.
Doppler ultrasound‐guided thread lifting
Authors: Lee Won , Moon Hyoung‐Jin , Kim Ji‐Soo , Chan Ben‐Li , Yang Eun‐Jung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are various techniques of thread lifting, most of these techniques require anchoring of the threads at the temple area. However, the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery (FBrSTA) is located in the temple area and a detour pathway should be created for thread insertion to avoid vascular complications.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the relationship between the FBrSTA and the hairline using real‐time Doppler ultrasound.MethodsDoppler ultrasound was used to detect the FBrSTA pathway, and the relationship between the hairline and the FBrSTA was analyzed. After confirming the arterial pathway, thread lifting was performed in patients, and complications related to the entry point and insertion of the threads were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was evaluated immediately after the procedure and 3 months later.ResultsThis study included 50 patients (45 women and 5 men; age: 51 [range 26‐71] years) who underwent thread lifting in a single institution from January to May 2019 after Doppler ultrasound‐guided detection of the FBrSTA. No vascular complications were noted in all patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Doppler ultrasound can be used to detect the FBrSTA at the temple area to avoid vascular complications during thread lifting.
Impact of Different Scan Bodies and Scan Strategies on the Accuracy of Digital Implant Impressions Assessed with an Intraoral Scanner: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Motel Constantin , Kirchner Elena , Adler Werner , Wichmann Manfred , Matta Ragai Edward 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeSufficient data are not currently available on how the various geometries of scan bodies and different scan strategies affect the quality of digital impressions of implants. The purpose of this study was to present new data on these two topics and give clinicians a basis for decision making.Materials and MethodsA titanium master model containing three Nobelreplace Select™ implants (Nobelbiocare Services AG, Zurich, Switzerland) was digitized using an ATOS industrial noncontact scanner. Digitization was repeated three times with different types of scan bodies integrated into the implants: ELOS A/S, nt‐trading GmbH, and TEAMZIEREIS GmbH. These three scans served as virtual master models. The titanium master model was then scanned with the TRIOS3© digital intraoral scanner (ELOS A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark), which was used for two different scanning strategies. Strategy A was a one‐step procedure that included both the titanium master model and the integrated scan bodies. Strategy B comprised two steps. First, a digital overlay was performed with a scan of the titanium master model without integrated scan bodies. A second scan was performed with the titanium master model and integrated scan bodies. By repeating both strategies 10 times for each type of scan body, 60 scans were generated and the corresponding standard tessellation language data sets overlaid with the corresponding virtual master model. Deviations in the resulting superimpositions were calculated and evaluated separately in the individual axes (x, y, z) and in three‐dimensional space (Euclidean distance). Statistical evaluation was performed using the R‐project software. Level of significance was determined at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsWith regard to the geometry of the scan bodies, strategy A significantly influenced the accuracy of the digital implant impression in regards to Euclidean distance (p = 0.003). No significant difference was found for strategy B in this context. Comparing the two scan strategies revealed that strategy A achieved significantly higher accuracy overall (p = 0.031).ConclusionThe quality of digital intraoral impressions seems to be influenced by both the geometry of the scan body and the scan strategy. For clinical practice, the one‐step scan strategy seems beneficial. Furthermore, the scan bodies of ELOS A/S showed a potential clinical advantage.
Photoacclimation and Photoprotection of Juvenile Sporophytes of Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) Under High‐light Conditions During Short‐term Shallow‐water Cultivation1
Authors: Umanzor Schery , Ramírez‐García Mary Mar , Sandoval‐Gil Jose Miguel , Zertuche‐González José Antonio , Yarish Charles 
Published: December 2019

This study was designed to understand better if and how juvenile sporophytes of Macrocystis pyrifera can photoacclimate to high‐light conditions when transplanted from 10 to 3 meters over 7 d. Acclimation of adult sporophytes to light regimes in the bathymetric gradient has been extensively documented. It primarily depends on photoacclimation and translocation of resources among blades. Among other physiological differences, juvenile sporophytes of M. pyrifera lack the structural complexity shown by adults. As such, juveniles may primarily depend on their photoacclimation capacities to maintain productivity and even avoid mortality under changing light regimes. However, little is known about how these mechanisms operate in young individuals. The capacity of sporophytes to photoacclimate was assessed by examining changes in their photosynthetic performance, pigment content, and bio‐optical properties of the blade. Sporophytes nutritional status and oxidative damage were also determined. Results showed that juvenile sporophytes transplanted to shallow water were able to regulate light harvesting by reducing pigment concentration, and thus, absorptance and photosynthetic efficiency. Also, shallow‐water sporophytes notably enhanced the dissipation of light energy as heat (NPQ) as a photoprotective mechanism. Generally, these adjustments allowed sporophytes to manage the absorption and utilization of light energy, hence reducing the potential for photo‐oxidative damage. Furthermore, no substantial changes were found in the internal reserves (i.e., soluble carbohydrates and nitrogen) of these sporophytes. To our knowledge, these results are the first to provide robust evidence of photoprotective and photoacclimation strategies in juveniles of M. pyrifera, allowing them to restrict or avoid photodamage during shallow‐water cultivation.
Interspecific competition in bats: state of knowledge and research challenges
Authors: Salinas‐Ramos Valeria B. , Ancillotto Leonardo , Bosso Luciano , Sánchez‐Cordero Víctor , Russo Danilo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Interspecific competition (IC) is often seen as a main driver of evolutionary patterns and community structure. Bats might compete for key resources, and cases of exaggerated divergence of resource‐related characters or trait overdispersion in bat assemblages are often explained in terms of current or past interspecific competition. However, other pressures leading to patterns that mimic the outcome of competition cannot always be ruled out.

We present the state of knowledge on IC among bats, providing a critical evaluation of the information available and identifying open questions and challenges.

We reviewed 100 documents addressing potential or actual IC in bats and categorised them in terms of the resource for which bats compete (food, foraging habitat, roosts, water, and acoustic space). We also examined the ecomorphological and behavioural traits considered therein to highlight responses to IC or niche partitioning.

We found that: although resources should be limiting in order for competition to occur, this is seldom tested; sympatry is sometimes taken as synonymous of syntopy (yet sympatric species that are not syntopic will never experience competition); comparisons between sympatry and allopatry are rare; and testing of objective criteria exploring the existence of niche partitioning or character displacement is not commonly adopted.

While morphological examination of food remains in droppings has often led to coarse‐grained analysis that proved insufficient to establish the occurrence of food niche overlap or partitioning, new frontiers are being opened by state‐of‐the‐art molecular dietary analysis.

A better understanding of IC in bats is paramount, since distributional changes leading to novel bat assemblages driven by climate change are already taking place, and the dramatic decline in insect availability, as well as the global loss or alteration of foraging habitat, may generate new competitive interactions or exacerbate existing interactions in the Anthropocene, and into the future.
Toxoplasma gondii infection reduces serum progesterone levels and adverse effects at the maternal‐foetal interface
Authors: Brito Carina , M. Silva Tânia , M. Castro Maria , Wyrwas Weronika , Oliveira Bárbara , M. Fonseca Bruno , Oliveira Pedro , W. Roberts Craig , Teixeira Natércia , Borges Margarida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsPregnant BALB/c mice infected with a Toxoplasma gondii type II strain were used to determine how pregnancy interferes with the development of maternal immunity to T gondii and how infection disrupts pregnancy and foetal development.MethodsMaternal and foetal parasite loads were assessed by amplification of T gondii SAG1 using qPCR. Adverse effects of infection were evaluated on foetal‐placental development by quantification of implantation units undergoing resorption and by histopathological analyses. Serum progesterone levels were quantified by immunoassay. The effect of T gondii infection on maternal immunity was determined by assessing the cellular composition of spleens by flow cytometry.ResultsInfected pregnant mice exhibited clinical signs of infection, inflammation and necrosis at the maternal‐foetal interface and decreased serum progesterone levels. In infected mice, there was a clear effect of pregnancy and infection on macrophage cell numbers. However, no differences in the parasite load were detected between non‐pregnant and pregnant mice.ConclusionsMaternal T gondii infection induced adverse effects at the maternal‐foetal interface. Alterations were found in immune spleen cells, dependent on the day of pregnancy, relative to nonpregnant animals. The results obtained suggest a pregnancy‐dependent mechanism during T gondii infection able to interfere with macrophage numbers.
The role of salinity in physiological responses of bivalves
Authors: Pourmozaffar Sajjad , Tamadoni Jahromi Saeid , Rameshi Hossein , Sadeghi Ali , Bagheri Tahereh , Behzadi Siamak , Gozari Mohsen , Zahedi Mohammad Reza , Abrari Lazarjani Shahrooz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, financial losses due to salinity changes threat bivalve industry. In natural habitat, marine bivalves should be adapted to a series of environmental stressors, including biotic (virus, bacteria and protozoan) and abiotic (salinity, temperature and heavy metal) factors. It is known that salinity fluctuations able to change distribution and vital parameters of bivalves. Suboptimal salinity conditions resulted in changes in defense mechanism, growth, free amino acid, heart rate, oxygen consumption and filtration rate. However, it is necessary to determine the optimal salinity level of cultured bivalves to avoid the risk of mortality and improve growth rate. Therefore, this study aimed to review the findings from various reports in vitro and in vivo conditions which evaluated physiological and immunological responses of different bivalve species submitted to different salinity concentrations. The information of present study is very important in understanding the physiological responses of bivalves, which are living in highly changeable environment such as estuarine.
Agencies without borders: Explaining partner selection in the formation of transnational agreements between regulators
Authors: van der Heijden Machiel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransnational collaboration between regulatory agencies has proliferated rapidly within the last three decades. However, given that information regarding the motives, trustworthiness, and capabilities of potential partners is typically imperfect, decisions about with whom to collaborate are inevitably characterized by a degree of uncertainty. To better capture these dynamics, this article uses a network analytical perspective and hypothesizes that agencies are more likely to form agreements with agencies to whom they are already indirectly connected (transitivity), that are highly connected (preferential attachment), or with whom they share tie‐characteristics (assortativity). To test these hypotheses, a stochastic actor‐oriented model is used to analyze an original, self‐coded data set in which bilateral information exchange agreements between national securities agencies (n = 143) are mapped out over a 18‐year period. The results show that the formation of agreements between regulatory agencies is driven by (i) the number of shared partners (i.e. triadic closure); and (ii) similarity regarding agency characteristics (i.e. homophily).
Photosynthesis in non‐foliar tissues: implications for yield
Authors: Simkin Andrew J. , Faralli Michele , Ramamoorthy Siva , Lawson Tracy 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPhotosynthesis is currently a focus for crop improvement. The majority of this work has taken place and been assessed in leaves, and limited consideration has been given to the contribution that other green tissues make to whole‐plant carbon assimilation. The major focus of this review is to evaluate the impact of non‐foliar photosynthesis on carbon‐use efficiency and total assimilation. Here we appraise and summarize past and current literature on the substantial contribution of different photosynthetically active organs and tissues to productivity in a variety of different plant types, with an emphasis on fruit and cereal crops. Previous studies provide evidence that non‐leaf photosynthesis could be an unexploited potential target for crop improvement. We also briefly examine the role of stomata in non‐foliar tissues, gas exchange, maintenance of optimal temperatures and thus photosynthesis. In the final section, we discuss possible opportunities to manipulate these processes and provide evidence that Triticum aestivum (wheat) plants genetically manipulated to increase leaf photosynthesis also displayed higher rates of ear assimilation, which translated to increased grain yield. By understanding these processes, we can start to provide insights into manipulating non‐foliar photosynthesis and stomatal behaviour to identify novel targets for exploitation in continuing breeding programmes.
Genotypic study of Citrobacter koseri, an emergent platelet contaminant since 2012 in France
Authors: Emery Audrey , Marpaux Nadine , Naegelen Christian , Valot Benoît , Morel Pascal , Hocquet Didier 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDTransfusion‐transmitted bacterial infection is a rare occurrence but the most feared complication in transfusion practices. Between 2012 and 2017, five cases of platelet concentrates (PCs) contaminated with the bacterial pathogen Citrobacter koseri (PC‐Ck) have been reported in France, with two leading to the death of the recipients. We tested the possibilities of the emergence of a PC‐specific clone of C. koseri (Ck) and of specific bacterial genes associated with PC contamination.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe phylogenetic network, based on a homemade Ck core genome scheme, inferred from the genomes of 20 worldwide Ck isolates unrelated to PC contamination taken as controls (U‐Ck) and the genomes of the five PC‐Ck, explored the clonal relationship between the genomes and evaluated the distribution of PC‐Ck throughout the species. Along with this core genome multilocus sequence typing approach, a Ck pan genome has been used to seek genes specific to PC‐Ck isolates.RESULTSOur genomic approach suggested that the population of C. koseri is nonclonal, although it also identified a cluster containing three PC‐Ck and eight U‐Ck. Indeed, the PC‐Ck did not share any specific genes.CONCLUSIONThe elevated incidence of PCs contaminated by C. koseri in France between 2012 and 2017 was not due to the dissemination of a clone. The determinants of the recent outbreaks of PC contamination with C. koseri are still unknown.