bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of human papillomavirus‐related anogenital precancer and cancer in women with diabetes: A nationwide registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Reinholdt Kristian , Thomsen Louise Thirstrup , Munk Christian , Dehlendorff Christian , Aalborg Gitte Lerche , Carstensen Bendix , Jørgensen Marit Eika , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this register‐based cohort study, we estimated the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related anogenital precancer and cancer in women with diabetes compared with women without diabetes. We followed all women living in Denmark born 1916 to 2001 (n = 2 508 321) for individual‐level information on diabetes (Type 1 or 2 [T1D or T2D]), diagnoses of cervical, vaginal, vulvar and anal intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 2 or 3 (IN2/3) and cancer and other covariates from nationwide registries. We used Poisson regression to model the incidence rates of anogenital IN2/3 and cancer as a function of diabetes status, age, HPV vaccination, education, calendar year, and cervical cancer screening status. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated for diabetes overall, and separately for T1D and T2D, compared with women without diabetes. Women with diabetes had higher rates of vulvar IN2/3 (IRR = 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41‐1.88), vulvar cancer (IRR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.36‐1.91) and vaginal cancer (IRR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.27‐1.91) than women without diabetes. Similar patterns were observed for anal IN2/3, anal cancer and cervical cancer, although not statistically significant. In contrast, women with diabetes had lower rates of cervical IN2/3 (IRR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.69‐0.79) than women without diabetes. Patterns were generally similar in women with T1D and T2D, although cancer rates were higher in women with T2D. In conclusion, the incidence of most anogenital precancers and cancers were increased in women with diabetes. However, women with diabetes had lower incidence of cervical precancer. Our findings could be explained by biological mechanisms and/or behavioral factors, such as smoking and less frequent cervical screening participation.
Minimally invasive esophageal sponge cytology sampling is feasible in a Tanzanian community setting
Authors: Middleton Daniel R. S. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , O'Donovan Maria , Abedi‐Ardekani Behnoush , Debiram‐Beecham Irene , Nyakunga‐Maro Gissela , Maro Venance , Bromwich Martin , Daudi Amini , Ngowi Timothy , Minde Rehema , Claver Jackson , Mremi Alex , Mwasamwaja Amos , Schüz Joachim , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , McCormack Valerie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEsophageal sponge cytology is an endoscopy alternative well accepted by patients with extensive data for accuracy in the context of adenocarcinoma. Few studies have assessed its feasibility in asymptomatic community members, and fewer still in East Africa, where esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) rates are high. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a capsule‐based diagnosis of esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD), an ESCC precursor, which may benefit epidemiological and early detection research. We collected Cytosponge collections in 102 asymptomatic adults from Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Uptake, acceptability and safety were assessed. Participants scored acceptability immediately following the procedure and 7 days later on a scale of 0 (least) to 10 (most acceptable). Slides from paraffin‐embedded cell clots were read by two pathologists for ESD and other pathologies. All participants (52 men, 50 women, aged 30‐77) swallowed the device at first attempt, 100 (98%) of which gave slides of adequate cellularity. Acceptability scores were 10 (53%), 9 (24%), 8 (21%), 7 (2%) and 6 (1%), with no differences by age, sex or time of asking. Cytological findings were esophageal inflammation (4%), atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (1%), low‐grade dysplasia (1%), gastritis (22%) and suspected intestinal metaplasia (6%). Setting‐specific logistical and ethical considerations of study implementation are discussed. We demonstrate the safety, acceptability and feasibility of Cytosponge sampling in this setting, paving the way for innovative etiology and early‐detection research. Targeted sampling strategies and biomarker development will underpin the success of such initiatives. The study protocol is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04090554).
Quality diet indexes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: Findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Luu Hung N. , Neelakantan Nithya , Geng Ting‐ting , Wang Renwei , Goh George Boon‐Bee , Clemente Jose C. , Jin Aizhen , van Dam Rob M , Jia Wei , Behari Jaideep , Koh Woon‐Puay , Yuan Jian‐Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is limited research on the effect of dietary quality on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in populations with relatively high risk of HCC. Using data from Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort study, of 63 257 Chinese aged 45 to 74, we assessed four diet‐quality index (DQI) scores: the Alternative Health Eating Index‐2010 (AHEI‐2010), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Heathy Diet Indicator (HDI). We identified 561 incident HCC cases among the cohort participants after a mean of 17.6 years of follow‐up. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for HCC in relation to these DQI scores. Unconditional logistic regression method was used to evaluate the associations between DQIs and HCC risk among a subset of individuals who tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). High scores of AHEI‐2010, aMED and DASH, representing higher dietary quality, were associated with lower risk of HCC (all Ptrend < .05). Compared with the lowest quartile, HRs (95% CIs) of HCC for the highest quartile of AHEI‐2010, aMED and DASH were 0.69 (0.53‐0.89), 0.70 (0.52‐0.95) and 0.67 (0.51‐0.87), respectively. No significant association between HDI and HCC risk was observed. Among HBsAg‐negative individuals, similar inverse associations were observed, and the strongest inverse association was for aMED (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23‐0.94, Ptrend = .10). These findings support the notion that adherence to a healthier diet may lower the risk of HCC, suggesting that dietary modification may be an effective approach for primary prevention of HCC.
A unique urinary metabolomic signature for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sahni Sumit , Pandya Advait R. , Hadden William J. , Nahm Christopher B. , Maloney Sarah , Cook Victoria , Toft James A. , Wilkinson‐White Lorna , Gill Anthony J. , Samra Jaswinder S. , Dona Anthony , Mittal Anubhav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur study aimed to identify a urinary metabolite panel for the detection/diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC continues to have poor survival outcomes. One of the major reasons for poor prognosis is the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis. Hence, identification of a novel and cost‐effective biomarker signature for early detection/diagnosis of PDAC could lead to better survival outcomes. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify a novel metabolite‐based biomarker signature for PDAC diagnosis. Urinary metabolites from 92 PDAC patients (56 discovery cohort and 36 validation cohort) were compared with 56 healthy volunteers using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multivariate (partial‐least squares discriminate analysis) and univariate (Mann‐Whitney's U‐test) analyses were performed to identify a metabolite panel which can be used to detect PDAC. The selected metabolites were further validated for their diagnostic potential using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Statistical analysis identified a six‐metabolite panel (trigonelline, glycolate, hippurate, creatine, myoinositol and hydroxyacetone), which demonstrated high potential to diagnose PDAC, with AUROC of 0.933 and 0.864 in the discovery and validation cohort, respectively. Notably, the identified panel also demonstrated very high potential to diagnose early‐stage (I and II) PDAC patients with AUROC of 0.897. These results demonstrate that the selected metabolite signature could be used to detect PDAC and will pave the way for the development of a urinary test for detection/diagnosis of PDAC.
Retinoic acid signaling and bladder cancer: Epigenetic deregulation, therapy and beyond
Authors: Ozgun Gizem , Senturk Serif , Erkek‐Ozhan Serap 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) signaling is a crucial developmental pathway involved in urothelium development, differentiation and regeneration. Deregulation of the RA signaling is highly implicated in several cancers, including bladder cancer, underlying the need to unravel the complete regulatory aspects of the retinoids in bladder tumorigenesis. Given the fact that RA receptors are transcription factors functioning at the chromatin level and act in close cooperation with chromatin modifiers, it is known that retinoids show their efficacy by changing the epigenome. Bladder cancer can be defined as a “disease of chromatin” with mutations identified in the genes involved in chromatin regulation in 80% of the patients. Therefore, a careful examination of the epigenetic backgrounds and the breakdown of the emerging and highly underexplored field of RA dependent regulation of the epigenome is essential to fully understand the retinoid‐dependent effects on bladder cancer. With this motivation, in this review, we evaluate the role of RA signaling in bladder cancer with a focus on the regulatory and mutational aspects, emphasizing the deregulatory characteristics in bladder cancer and highlighting the potential treatment opportunities with the RA and derivatives alone or in combination with epigenetic drugs.
Acceptability and preferences for self‐collected screening for cervical cancer within health systems in rural Uganda: A mixed‐methods approach
Authors: Rawat Angeli , Sanders Catherine , Mithani Nadia , Amuge Catherine , Pedersen Heather , Namugosa Ruth , Payne Beth , Mitchell‐Foster Sheona , Orem Jackson , Ogilvie Gina , Nakisige Carolyn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the knowledge, preferences, and barriers for self‐collected cervical cancer screening (SC‐CCS) and follow‐up care at the individual and health system level to inform the implementation of community‐based SC‐CCS.MethodsSurveys and focus group discussions (FGDs) with women and FGDs with healthcare providers were conducted in Uganda. Survey data were analyzed using frequencies and FGD data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Data were triangulated between methods.ResultsSixty‐four women were surveyed and 58 participated in FGDs. Facilitators to screening access included decentralization, convenience, privacy, confidentiality, knowledge, and education. Barriers to accessing screening included lack of transportation and knowledge, long wait times, difficulty accessing health care, and lack of trust in the health system. Additional implementation challenges included insufficiently trained human resources and lack of infrastructure.ConclusionIntegrating SC‐CCS within rural health systems in low‐resource settings has been under‐evaluated. Community‐based SC‐CSS could prevent high cervical cancer‐related mortalities while working within the human and financial resource limitations of rural health systems. SC‐CCS is acceptable to women and healthcare providers. By addressing rural women's preferences and barriers to care, decision‐makers can build health systems that provide community‐centered care close to women's homes across the care continuum.
FIGO Statement: Vaccination in pregnancy
Authors: Nassar Anwar H. , Visser Gerard H. A. , Nicholson Wanda Kay , Ramasauskaite Diana , Kim Yoon Ha , Barnea Eytan R. ,   FIGO Safe Motherhood, Newborn Health Committee
Published: October 2020

AbstractPregnant women and their fetuses are among the vulnerable populations that can be severely affected by communicable diseases. As such, some vaccines such as the influenza and the Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis) vaccines are strongly recommended in each pregnancy, with generally safe profiles. Other vaccines can be offered based on risk factors, and only when the benefits of receiving them outweigh the risks. Development of vaccines against group B streptococcus infection and respiratory syncytial virus infection are of great importance. In this paper, the recommendations for administration of each vaccine during pregnancy are discussed. The FIGO Committee for Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Committee endorses the recommendations to vaccinate all pregnant women against influenza during the influenza season at any time during the pregnancy and against Tdap preferably between the 27th and 36th weeks of pregnancy in each pregnancy.
Elimination of cervical cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Inequality of access and fragile healthcare systems
Authors: Vale Diama B. , Teixeira Julio C. , Bragança Joana F. , Derchain Sophie , Sarian Luis O. , Zeferino Luiz C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 2018, WHO called for global action to eliminate cervical cancer. The complexity of the processes involved in terms of prevention is often underestimated. Low‐ and middle‐income countries do not have a robust healthcare framework to ensure high‐quality programs. The present article discusses how fragile healthcare systems are barriers to eliminating cervical cancer, and also reports the experience of a Brazilian prevention program. The article considers how cervical cancer can be interpreted as an indicator of inequality: how women's attitudes and access to care determine an early or late diagnosis, and how strategies combining vaccine and DNA‐HPV tests are crucial. New vaccine schemes, the critical analysis of local data, strengthening communication, managing sentinel events, and integrating vaccination and screening data for the health information system are some of the key activities to sustainable improvement in both access and quality of care.
Harnessing DNA for nanothermometry
Authors: Spicer Graham , Gutierrez‐Erlandsson Sylvia , Matesanz Ruth , Bernard Hugo , Adam Alejandro P. , Efeyan Alejo , Thompson Sebastian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTemperature measurement at the nanoscale has brought insight to a wide array of research interests in modern chemistry, physics, and biology. These measurements have been enabled by the advent of nanothermometers, which relay nanoscale temperature information through the analysis of their intrinsic photophysical behavior. In the past decade, several nanothermometers have been developed including dyes, nanodiamonds, fluorescent proteins, nucleotides, and nanoparticles. However, temperature measurement using intact DNA has not yet been achieved. Here, we present a method to study the temperature sensitivity of the DNA molecule within a physiologic temperature range when complexed with fluorescent dye. We theoretically and experimentally report the temperature sensitivity of the DNA‐Hoechst 33342 complex in different sizes of double‐stranded oligonucleotides and plasmids, showing its potential use as a nanothermometer. These findings allow for extending the thermal study of DNA to several research fields including DNA nanotechnology, optical tweezers, and DNA nanoparticles.
Tissue response to biphasic calcium phosphate covalently modified with either heparin or hyaluronic acid in a mouse subcutaneous implantation model
Authors: Stojanović Sanja , AlKhoury Hala , Radenković Milena , Cvetković Vladimir , Jablonska Magdalena , Schmelzer Christian E.H. , Syrowatka Frank , Živković Jelena M. , Groth Thomas , Najman Stevo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) materials are widely employed as bone substitute materials due to their resorption/degradation properties. Inflammation after implantation of such materials represents a prerequisite for bone tissue repair and regeneration but can be also problematic if it is not only transient and if it is followed by fibrosis and scarring. Here, we modified BCP covalently with hyaluronan (HA) and heparin (Hep), glycosaminoglycans that possess anti‐inflammatory properties. Beside the characterization of particle surface properties, the focus was on in vivo tissue response after subcutaneous implantation in mice. Histological analysis revealed a decrease in signs of inflammatory response to BCP when modified with either HA or Hep. Reduced vascularization after 30 days was noticed when BCP was modified with either HA or Hep with greater cellularity in all examined time points. Compared to plain BCP, expression of endothelial‐related genes Flt1 and Vcam1 was higher in BCP‐HA and BCP‐Hep group at day 30. Expression of osteogenesis‐related genes Sp7 and Bglap after 30 days was the highest in BCP group, followed by BCP‐Hep, while the lowest expression was in BCP‐HA group which correlates with collagen amount. Hence, coating of BCP particles with HA seems to suppress inflammatory response together with formation of new bone‐like tissue, while the presence of Hep delays the onset of inflammatory response but permits osteogenesis in this subcutaneous bone‐forming model. Transferring the results of this study to other coated materials intended for biomedical application may also pave the way to reduction of inflammation after their implantation.
Mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio predicts severe pneumonia of COVID‐19
Authors: Zhong Qingyang , Peng Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough platelet mean volume/platelet count ratio (MPR) is considered to be a crucial marker of inflammatory and infectious diseases, the relationship between MPR and novel coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remains unclear.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 85 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were enrolled and divided into low and high MPR group. Data from repeated measures were compared by the generalized estimating equations. Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of MPR on the incidence of severe pneumonia (SP), with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) used to reduce confounding bias. The primary outcome is the incidence of SP of COVID‐19.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 17 (20.0%) patients were developed to SP. Compared with mild patients, patients with SP developed showed a higher MPR level at baseline, day 1, day 2, and day 3 after admission (P = .005, P = .015, P = .009, and P = .032, respectively). Kaplan‐Meier method showed a higher incidence of SP in the high MPR group than the low MPR group (log‐rank test = 10.66, P = .001). After adjustment, high MPR was associated with an elevated incidence of SP (HR, 5.841, 95% CI, 1.566‐21.791, P = .009). The IPTW method also suggested that MPR was a significant factor related to the incidence of SP (HR, 8.337, 95% CI, 4.045‐17.182, P < .001).ConclusionHigh MPR level is an independent risk factor for severe pneumonia in patients with COVID‐19.
Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on dental students: A nationwide study
Authors: Hakami Zaki , Khanagar Sanjeev B. , Vishwanathaiah Satish , Hakami Abrar , Bokhari Ahmed M. , Jabali Ahmad H. , Alasmari Dhafer , Aldrees Abdullah M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesPublic mental health concerns have been raised during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the psychological impact of the pandemic on dental students in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross‐sectional analytical study was conducted among dental students from different universities in Saudi Arabia selected using 2‐stage cluster sampling. The psychological impact was assessed using the validated Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Item questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used as appropriate. A chi‐squared test was used to compare the proportions between the sociodemographic data and logistic regression analysis to identify variables associated with the student's responses.ResultsThe internal consistency of the scale was excellent (0.954). A total of 697 dental students participated voluntarily in the study; their mean age was 21.76 ± 1.859 years, and 54.7% were female. The majority (96.1%) were single, and 69.4% lived in a household of > 5 persons. Significant differences in mental health outcomes were evident for gender, university, and survey time. Elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were recorded among 60.64%, 37.02%, and 34.92%, respectively, of the students. Females, students who lived alone, and junior students were more likely to experience psychological problems during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsThe presence of elevated levels of depression, anxiety and stress among dental students highlights the need for psychological empowerment strategies involving institutional counseling services.
Does COVID‐19 really impact on the oxy‐hemoglobin dissociation curve?
Authors: Nóbrega Flávia , Mauad Vitor Augusto Queiroz , Borducchi Davimar Miranda Maciel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a crucial impact on lifestyle worldwide. In this way, many studies have been presented, leading to continuous revaluation and questioning of conducts and concepts. Such is the case of the Chinese study suggesting that the new coronavirus has the potential to code anomalous nonstructural proteins capable of dissociating the iron atom from the porphyrin structure, contributing significantly to the characteristic hypoxemia conditions of the disease. Considering the potential impacts of those findings, the current study aims to evaluate and measure the dissociation curve of oxy‐hemoglobin in COVID‐19 patients. The project consists of a retrospective cohort study with data regarding oximetry and hemoglobin levels collected from digital patients records. The correlation between the measures and estimated values by Spearmen test was 0.843 (P < .001). A multiple linear regression model was applied using measured SO2 as a predicted variable and hemoglobin, PO2, and pH levels as predictors. The coefficients were pH 0.16‐0.31 (P < .001); PO2 0.52‐0.66 (P < .001) and Hb 0.088‐0.059 (P = .706). Despite its limitations, the present study suggests that, at least in situations of clinical severity, the proposed mechanism does not appear to be universal or to have a significant clinical impact.
Efficacy of releasing impacted gallstones after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis and consideration of the surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Fujinaga Atsuro , Iwashita Yukio , Tada Kazuhiro , Watanabe Kiminori , Kawasaki Takahide , Masuda Takashi , Hirashita Teijiro , Endo Yuichi , Ohta Masayuki , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is considered difficult in patients with an impacted gallstone (IG). We examined the efficacy of releasing an IG after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) for acute cholecystitis (AC) and the usefulness of the Difficulty Score (DS) proposed in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018.MethodsData were collected from 28 patients who underwent LC after PTGBD for AC caused by an IG in our department. The IG was released by flushing the gallbladder with saline or performing cholecystography. Release of the IG was evaluated based on cholecystography or drainage findings. Surgical outcomes were evaluated by comparing whether the IG could be released.ResultsNine patients had an IG (IG group) and 19 had a released IG at the time of surgery. Operation time was significantly longer (P = .008), Critical View of Safety score was significantly lower (P = .019), and DS was significantly higher (P < .001) in the IG group. In multivariate analysis, DS was the only independent factor for operation time (odds ratio = 8.943, 95% confidence interval 1.179‐167.032; P = .033).ConclusionReleasing an IG may reduce surgical difficulty and maintain surgical safety. DS can be useful in predicting surgical outcomes.