bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of pediatric amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome
Authors: Sherry David D. , Sonagra Maitry , Gmuca Sabrina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Children presenting with musculoskeletal pain to pediatric rheumatology clinics are very heterogeneous and on a continuum from those with localized pain to total body pain. Many report intermittent, rather than constant, pain. We examined clinical and psychological characteristics of these children at presentation and specifically those who fulfilled the criteria for fibromyalgia.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study of children under ≤18 years old presenting to the pediatric rheumatology pain clinic between January 2015 and July 2019 and enrolled in a patient registry. We included children diagnosed with amplified pain, excluding those fulfilling criteria for complex regional pain syndrome. Abstracted data included clinical characteristics, pain symptoms, functional disability inventory (FDI), widespread pain index, and symptom severity scale.

Results
We analyzed 636 subjects, predominantly non-Hispanic Caucasian females. Using median split method, 54% had diffuse pain (≥ 5 body regions involved), but, of these, only 58% met criteria for fibromyalgia. Subjects with diffuse pain, compared to those with localized pain had a longer duration of pain (24 vs 12 months, p < 0.01), reported greater pain intensity (6/10 vs 5/10, p < 0.001), greater mental health burden, and poorer function (FDI 25 vs 19, p < 0.0001). Subjects with limited pain more often reported a history of trigger event (34% vs 24%, p < 0.01) but not autonomic changes (14% vs 14%, p = 0.94). The presence of adverse childhood experiences did not differ among those with limited versus diffuse pain except for parental divorce (16% vs 23%, p = 0.03). Intermittent pain was reported in 117 children (18%) and, compared to subjects with constant pain, they reported less pain (0/10 vs 6/10) and were more functional (FDI 13 vs 25) (both p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
There exists a wide spectrum of pain manifestations among children with amplified pain including limited or diffuse and constant or intermittent pain. Most children who presented to our clinic did not fulfill criteria for fibromyalgia but nonetheless had significant symptoms and disability. Studies focusing on fibromyalgia may miss the full extent of childhood amplified pain. Additionally, research limited to those meeting the fibromyalgia criteria likely underestimate the significant impact of amplified pain among the pediatric population.
Oligodendrocyte-specific Argonaute profiling identifies microRNAs associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ma Qin , Matsunaga Atsuko , Ho Brenda , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Didonna Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of evolutionary conserved, non-coding small RNAs with regulatory functions on gene expression. They negatively affect the expression of target genes by promoting either RNA degradation or translational inhibition. In recent years, converging studies have identified miRNAs as key regulators of oligodendrocyte (OL) functions. OLs are the cells responsible for the formation and maintenance of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) and represent a principal target of the autoimmune injury in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
MiRAP is a novel cell-specific miRNA affinity-purification technique which relies on genetically tagging Argonaut 2 (AGO2), an enzyme involved in miRNA processing. Here, we exploited miRAP potentiality to characterize OL-specific miRNA dynamics in the MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Results
We show that 20 miRNAs are differentially regulated in OLs upon transition from pre-symptomatic EAE stages to disease peak. Subsequent in vitro differentiation experiments demonstrated that a sub-group of them affects the OL maturation process, mediating either protective or detrimental signals. Lastly, transcriptome profiling highlighted the endocytosis, ferroptosis, and FoxO cascades as the pathways associated with miRNAs mediating or inhibiting OL maturation.

Conclusions
Altogether, our work supports a dual role for miRNAs in autoimmune demyelination. In particular, the enrichment in miRNAs mediating pro-myelinating signals suggests an active involvement of these non-coding RNAs in the homeostatic response toward neuroinflammatory injury.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Globalization and vulnerable populations in times of a pandemic: A Mayan perspective
Authors: Sotomayor Claudia Ruiz , Barrero Alejandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobal health conditions are marked by inequities due mostly to poverty and lack of access to healthcare services. In a Pandemic setting, Mayan Communities in the Quintana Roo State in Mexico are a good example of how these disparities are exacerbated. First, they may have difficulty in adhering to directives to stay home from work because of the nature of their job, and the necessity to work, their living conditions are marked by crowding and sometimes lack of basic sanitation. Other susceptibilities generally considered are the underlying host factors and medical conditions that may increase the risk of disease or of complications of disease. In general, our native communities experience a high degree of socio-economic marginalization and are at disproportionate risk in public health emergencies, becoming even more vulnerable during this global pandemic, owing to factors such as their lack of access to effective monitoring and early-warning systems, and adequate health and social services.
Spontaneous pneumothorax as unusual presenting symptom of COVID-19 pneumonia: surgical management and pathological findings
Authors: Bellini Roberto , Salandini Maria Chiara , Cuttin Serena , Mauro Stefania , Scarpazza Paolo , Cotsoglou Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous pneumothorax has been reported as a possibile complication of novel coronavirus associated pneumonia (COVID-19). We report two cases of COVID-19 patients who developed spontaeous and recurrent pneumothorax as a presenting symptom, treated with surgical procedure. An insight on pathological finding is given.

Case presentation
Two patients presented to our hospital with spontaneous pneumothorax associated with Sars-Cov2 infection onset. After initial conservative treatment with chest drain, both patients had a recurrence of pneumothorax during COVI-19 disease, contralateral (patient 1) or ipsilateral (patient 2) and therefore underwent lung surgery with thoracoscopy and bullectomy. Intraoperative findings of COVID-19 pneumonia were parenchymal atelectasis and vascular congestion. Lung tissue was very frail and prone to bleeding.
Histological examination showed interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, as seen in non specific interstitial pneumonia, together with myo-intimal thicknening of vessels with blood extravasation and microthrombi.

Conclusions
Although rarely, COVID-19 may present with spontaneous pneumothorax. Lung surgery for pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients can be safely and effectively performed when necessary.
Trilobatin ameliorates insulin resistance through IRS-AKT-GLUT4 signaling pathway in C2C12 myotubes and ob/ob mice
Authors: Liu Min , Wang Lujing , Li Xigan , Wu Yucui , Yin Fei , Liu Jianhui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Trilobatin, a natural compound, has been found to exhibit anti-diabetic properties in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic mice. But up to now no research has been reported on the effect of trilobatin on insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Herein, we determined the effects of trilobatin on insulin resistance in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes and ob/ob mice.

Methods
Male ob/ob mice (8-10 weeks) and same background C57BL/6 mice were used to evaluate the role of trilobatin on insulin resistance; protein expression and phosphorylation were measured by western blot; glucose uptake was determined a fluorescent test.

Results
Treatment with trilobatin prevented palmitate-induced insulin resistance by enhancing glucose uptake and the phosphorylation of insulin resistance substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein Kinase B, (PKB/AKT), recovered the translocation of GLUT4 from cytoplasm to membrane, but preincubation with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, blocked the effects of trilobatin on glucose uptake and the distribution of GLUT4 in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, administration with trilobatin for 4 weeks significantly improved insulin resistance by decreasing fasting blood glucose and insulin in serum, enhancing the phosphorylation of IRS1 and AKT, and recovering the expression and translocation of GLUT4 in ob/ob mice.

Conclusions
IRS-AKT-GLUT4 signaling pathway might be involved in trilobatin ameliorating insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of obese animal models.
Early start of growth hormone is associated with positive effects on auxology and metabolism in Prader-Willi-syndrome
Authors: Magill Lucy , Laemmer Constanze , Woelfle Joachim , Fimmers Rolf , Gohlke Bettina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Prader-Willi-Syndrome (PWS) is characterized by hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Recent research suggests starting growth hormone-treatment (GHT) as soon as possible. The aim of this study is to analyze possible differences in auxological parameters, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism between two groups of children with PWS that started GHT either during or after their first year of life.

Study design
Retrospective longitudinal study of 62 children (31 males) with genetically confirmed PWS. Upon diagnosis all children were offered GHT, some started immediately, others commenced later. Cohort A (n = 21; 11 males) started GHT at 0.3–0.99 yrs. (mean 0.72 yrs) and Cohort B (n = 41; 20 males) commenced GHT at 1.02–2.54 yrs. (mean 1.42 yrs) of age. Fasting morning blood samples and auxological parameters were obtained before the start of therapy and semi-annually thereafter. Differences between the two cohorts were estimated with a linear mixed-effect model.

Results
Mean length/height-SDSPWS differed significantly between the groups [1 yr: A: 0.37 (±0.83) vs B: 0.05 (±0.56); 5 yrs.: A: 0.81 (±0.67) vs B: 0.54 (±0.64); p = 0.012]. No significant differences were found in BMI, lean body mass or body fat.
Low-density cholesterol was significantly lower in A than in B [LDL: 1 yr: A: 79 (±20) mg/dl vs B: 90 (±19) mg/dl; 5 yrs.: A: 91(±18) mg/dl vs 104 (±26) mg/dl; p = 0.024].
We found significant differences in the glucose homeostasis between the groups [fasting insulin: p = 0.012; HOMA-IR: p = 0.006; HbA1c: p < 0.001; blood glucose: p = 0.022].

Conclusions
An early start of GHT during the first year of life seems to have a favorable effect on height-SDS and metabolic parameters.
The urgent need to empower rare disease organizations in China: an interview-based study
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Lu Zijuan , Zhang Jianyong , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Shu , Zhou Jincheng , Li Bingzhe , Ou Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Each rare disease only affects a small number of population. However, a total of 7000 rare diseases may affect 10% of the population. Due to the severity and lack of rare disease awareness, rare disease represents a huge challenge for the healthcare system. In Western countries, patient organizations have been playing an integral role in raising awareness, advocating legislation, and supporting drug development. This study aims to assess the unmet needs of rare disease patient organizations in China, and identify their unmet needs, providing essential information for the government and legislators.

Results
A total of 28 individuals representing 28 patient organizations in China were interviewed. Most organizations do not have official registration, employees, written standard operation protocol, or reliable financial resources. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is common, and treatment is often lacking. Due to the lack of financial resources, no organizations have been able to sponsor academic research, unlike their counterparts in Western countries. As to challenges, 71.4% of interviewees listed lack of rare disease awareness among the general public, while 67.9% selected lack of financial resources. Further, only 7.3% of these organizations received support from the government, and 28.6% received support from the general public. As to recommendations to the government, 82.1% of interviewees selected special insurance programs for rare diseases because rare diseases have been generally excluded from the national medical insurance programs. In addition, 78.6% of interviewees recommended to stimulate rare disease research, 75% recommended to import orphan drugs, and 71.4% recommended legislation of an orphan drug act, highlighting the urgent need of therapies.

Conclusions
Due to lack of support and rare disease awareness, patient organizations in China are still in the early phase. To empower these patient organizations, the interviewees’ recommendations, including legislating orphan drug act and releasing official definition of rare diseases, should be considered by the government and legislators.
Early hyperoxemia is associated with lower adjusted mortality after severe trauma: results from a French registry
Authors: Baekgaard Josefine S. , Abback Paer-Selim , Boubaya Marouane , Moyer Jean-Denis , Garrigue Delphine , Raux Mathieu , Champigneulle Benoit , Dubreuil Guillaume , Pottecher Julien , Laitselart Philippe , Laloum Fleur , Bloch-Queyrat Coralie , Adnet Frédéric , Paugam-Burtz Catherine ,   Traumabase® Study Group, Pirracchio Romain , Godier Anne , Harrois Anatole , Geeraerts Thomas , Meaudre Eric , Ausset Sylvain , Gauss Tobias , Meyer Alain , Hamada Sophie , Neuschwander Arthur , Cook Fabrice , Vinour Helene , Hanouz Jean Luc , Foucrier Arnaud , Boutonnet Mathieu , Raclot Pascal , Arthur James , Bruneau Nathalie , Cotte Jean , Leone Marc , Audibert Gerard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Hyperoxemia has been associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients, but little is known about its effect in trauma patients. The objective of this study was to assess the association between early hyperoxemia and in-hospital mortality after severe trauma. We hypothesized that a PaO2 ≥ 150 mmHg on admission was associated with increased in-hospital mortality.

Methods
Using data issued from a multicenter prospective trauma registry in France, we included trauma patients managed by the emergency medical services between May 2016 and March 2019 and admitted to a level I trauma center. Early hyperoxemia was defined as an arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) above 150 mmHg measured on hospital admission. In-hospital mortality was compared between normoxemic (150 > PaO2 ≥ 60 mmHg) and hyperoxemic patients using a propensity-score model with predetermined variables (gender, age, prehospital heart rate and systolic blood pressure, temperature, hemoglobin and arterial lactate, use of mechanical ventilation, presence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, Injury Severity Score (ISS), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical health class > I, and presence of hemorrhagic shock).

Results
A total of 5912 patients were analyzed. The median age was 39 [26–55] years and 78% were male. More than half (53%) of the patients had an ISS above 15, and 32% had traumatic brain injury. On univariate analysis, the in-hospital mortality was higher in hyperoxemic patients compared to normoxemic patients (12% versus 9%, p < 0.0001). However, after propensity score matching, we found a significantly lower in-hospital mortality in hyperoxemic patients compared to normoxemic patients (OR 0.59 [0.50–0.70], p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
In this large observational study, early hyperoxemia in trauma patients was associated with reduced adjusted in-hospital mortality. This result contrasts the unadjusted in-hospital mortality as well as numerous other findings reported in acutely and critically ill patients. The study calls for a randomized clinical trial to further investigate this association.
The aging mouse microbiome has obesogenic characteristics
Authors: Binyamin Dana , Werbner Nir , Nuriel-Ohayon Meital , Uzan Atara , Mor Hadar , Abbas Atallah , Ziv Oren , Teperino Raffaele , Gutman Roee , Koren Omry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
During aging, there is a physiological decline, an increase of morbidity and mortality, and a natural change in the gut microbiome. In this study, we investigated the influence of the gut microbiome on different metabolic parameters in adult and aged mice.

Methods
Fecal and blood samples from adult (n = 42, 100–300 days) and aging (n = 32, 550–750 days) mice were collected. Microbiome analysis was done using QIIME2. Mouse weight and body composition were measured using NMR, and insulin and leptin levels in the blood were measured with Mouse Adipokine Magnetic Bead Panel kit. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments from adult and aged mice into young germ-free mice were carried out in order to examine the effect of the gut microbiome of adult and aging mice on weight, body composition, insulin, and leptin.

Results
We demonstrate that the microbiomes from adult and aged mice are distinguishable. We also report changes in metabolic parameters as we observed significantly higher weight and fat mass and low lean mass in aged compared to adult mice along with high insulin and leptin levels in the blood. The transplanted gut microbiome from aged mice transferred part of the phenotypes seen in aged mice. Fat body mass and insulin levels were higher in the mice who received feces from aged mice than mice receiving feces from adult mice. In addition, they consumed more food and had a higher respiratory quotient compared to mice receiving adult feces.

Conclusions
We conclude that aged mice have a gut microbiota with obesogenic characteristics. In addition, the gut bacterial population itself is sufficient to induce some of the manifestations of obesity.
Quality of life after gastric bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes: patients’ experiences during 2 years of follow-up
Authors: Katsogiannos Petros , Randell Eva , Sundbom Magnus , Rosenblad Andreas , Eriksson Jan W. , Leksell Janeth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
To examine the effects of gastric bypass surgery on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, and to investigate their experiences of life adjustments using quantitative and qualitative methods.

Methods
Thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, (body mass index, BMI > 30 kg/m2), participating in a randomized clinical trial, completed this sub-study. HRQoL was evaluated before, and at 6 months and 2 years after gastric bypass surgery, using the RAND- 36-item health survey. At 2 years, interviews for in-depth analysis of HRQoL changes were performed.

Results
Significant improvement was observed from baseline to 6 months for 2 of the eight health concepts, general health, and emotional well-being. At 2 years, improvements were also seen in physical functioning, energy/fatigue, as well as sustained improvements in general health and emotional well-being. Multiple regression analyses showed mostly non-significant associations between the magnitude of decrease in weight, BMI, and HbA1c during follow-up and improvement in HRQoL. The analyses from qualitative interviews supported a common latent theme “Finding a balance between the experience of the new body weight and self-confidence”.

Conclusions
The improved HRQoL after gastric bypass surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes was not explained specifically by the magnitude of weight loss, but rather by the participants achieving a state of union between body and consciousness.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02729246. Date of registration 6 April 2016 – Retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02729246?term=bariglykos&draw=2&rank=1
Sexual violence against women by so-called Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (ISIS): protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Shahali Shadab , Shariati Shahrooz , Montazeri Ali 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Violence against women and girls (VAWG) has been significantly increased by the rise of conflict and insecurity in the territories under controlling so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This review aims to provide an understanding of the consequences of ISIS sexual violence against women.

Methods
Electronic databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, JSTOR, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Google Scholar are searched for the articles published from 2014 to 2020. Then, two reviewers will systematically identify the articles which will meet the inclusion criteria. Using a standard checklist, methodological quality of articles is assessed. The findings will be summarized, and a narrative synthesis of data will be reported.

Discussion
This systematic review with a narrative synthesis approach will provide the important information about the gap in knowledge and detailed summary of the existing evidence on consequences of ISIS's systematic sexual violence against women. The evidence is useful for the international health organizations to plan and develop clinical guidelines with interest to reduce the consequences of sexual violence in the armed conflict territories.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019124215
On the Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for interval-valued coordinated convex functions
Authors: Zhao Dafang , Ali Muhammad Aamir , Murtaza Ghulam , Zhang Zhiyue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, we introduce the notion of interval-valued coordinated convexity and demonstrate Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for interval-valued convex functions on the co-ordinates in a rectangle from the plane. Moreover, we prove Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for the product of interval-valued convex functions on coordinates. Our results generalize several other well-known inequalities given in the existing literature on this subject.