bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicator System to Measure the Qualities of Urban Space Affecting Urban Safety and Coexistence
Authors: Gómez de Salazar Nuria Nebot , Martín Marta Cornax , Chamizo Nieto Francisco J. , Rosa-Jiménez Carlos , Muñoz José Becerra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Urban space design directly influences its own safety. Sometimes this security is given by urban furniture, lighting or urban facilities, among other aspects. This paper presents a methodology based on the development of a system of indicators that provides the opportunity to assess what qualities of urban space influence street safety. It is important to know what aspects of public space make the citizen consider it a safe place and at the same time, to contrast these data with scientific documents. The first results are shown after applying this methodology to the case study of the city of Malaga, and specifically, to a sample of streets selected based on objective criteria crime rate. For research and obtaining indicators, digital surveys have been carried out on a group of 300 people, using Google Forms and social networks. Likewise, to obtain samples of the streets with the highest and lowest crime rates, registration data has been geolocated by the tolls of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The main contribution of this document is focused on defining indicators to characterize and quantify the safety in the streets of the urban public space. These are contrasted with objective data and records of insecurity and crime, and can be applicable to any street in any city. Finally, through these indicators, it is intended to know what are the parameters that influence urban safety for future designs of public spaces, or their renovation, achieving in the future, the existence of streets with a higher level of safety.
Reconstruction of Ancient Stone Arch Bridge Via Terrestrial LiDAR Technology
Authors: Cao Wei , Shi Yufeng , Mei Dong , Li Mingyue , Liu Dehe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ancient stone arch bridge is the cultural and architectural heritage of human, the protection of it is a worldwide problem. Considering the problems that some ancient stone arch bridges with a long history lack reliable design data, and it is difficult to identify their detailed geometric features efficiently, a novel reconstruction method of ancient stone arch bridge via terrestrial LiDAR scans is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the terrestrial LiDAR w applied to get the whole point clouds of the ancient stone arch bridge surface, and then the point clouds was preprocessed. The non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) algorithm is used to extract, fit and reconstruct the ancient stone arch bridge based on the point clouds. The results show that terrestrial LiDAR technology could be used to get point clouds of the stone arch bridge comprehensively and accurately, and realize the reconstruction of the stone arch bridge model.
Use of a 3D scanner technology to create an information model of historic buildings - a case study
Authors: Mésároš Peter , Mandičák Tomáš , Čabala Jozef , Kozlovská Mária 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Digitization in construction has become increasingly important in recent years. Digital technologies are a way to facilitate some activities and thus save time and money on construction projects. Creating an information model of an existing building can be relatively time-consuming. The 3D scanner allows you to perform personal tasks with time savings, which is very important when managing construction projects. Digital technologies are also an effective tool for these activities. This research discusses the issue of 3D scanning of a historical building for real state surveying purposes. In this case study, the subject of the study was the chapel of St. Rosalie in Košice. The aim of the research was to describe the course of digitization in the building in question, i.e. the creation of an information model of the building. At the same time point out the possibilities and limitations of a 3D scanner on this specific construction.
Experimental model of plan curved footbridge supported by arch
Authors: Trenz Jan , Zlatuška Karel , Nečas Radim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The new type of plan curved structure with the upper deck has been developed within the research of arch structures. The paper describes the process of the research and the design of the physical model in scale 1:10 built for testing of the structure type. The design of the structure has been based on observation of static and dynamic behaviour of arch structures of various radii of plan curvature. Internal forces, deformations and natural modes were monitored for different methods of the design. At first, a simplified method of designing plan curved structures with arch situated in the bridge axis has been investigated and the behaviour of structures designed in accordance with this method has been studied. It has been discovered that simplified method can be used for design of structures with plan curvature radius of 250 m or higher. After investigation of other design methods, the method based on inversion of suspension cable has been chosen for further development. The method has been improved with processes that allow the application for plan curved structures. The result is a plan curved structure supported by a spatial arch. The geometry of the arch corresponds with ideal thrust line of the arch for given permanent loads. The composite structure with steel arch of span of 60,0 m with radius of plan curvature of 37,5 m has been designed and analysed thoroughly in MIDAS Civil software. The behaviour of the calculation model has been compared with behaviour of physical model in scale 1:10 that has been built in laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of BUT. Results have demonstrated that calculations and measurements correspond.
Compressive Strength, Splitting Tensile Strength, and Chloride Penetration Resistance of Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Mohamed Osama , Hawat Waddah Al , Najm Omar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents the outcomes of a study that examined the durability and mechanical characteristics of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mix in which a percentage of the required ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was substituted with either fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The first part of the study evaluates the chloride penetration resistance and compressive strength of SCC mixes in which OPC in a designed control mix was partially replaced in a series of mixes by fly ash in percentages ranging from 10% to 40%. It noted that replacing OPC with fly ash at each of the four percentages studies improved chloride resistance of concrete compared to the control mix made of 100% OPC as binder. The 40% fly ash mix was the best performer in terms of resistance to chloride migration in contrast with the 100% OPC mix. Samples prepared using the 40% fly ash mix SCC mixes had the lowest compressive strength after 7 days of moist curing. However, the 28-day compressive strength of 40% fly ash mix was a healthy 55.75 MPa, only slightly lower than the 100% OPC mix. Tests also showed that adding 2% or fewer basalt fibres to the SCC mix in which 40% of OPC improves concrete resistance to chloride migration in contrast with the 40% fly ash mix that didn’t contain basalt fibres. This paper also reports the relationship between splitting tensile strength and compressive strength of SCC mixes in which up to 80% of OPC was substituted with GGBS. A total of eight mixes were produced by varying the amounts of GGBS used to replace the OPC content of the control mix. The fresh properties were assessed through the flow test, visual stability index (VSI), and the T50. An empirical relationship was developed to predict the splitting tensile strength based on 28-day compressive strength, and its accuracy was evaluated in comparison to formulas in various design codes.
Traffic Planning Concerning Pedestrian Traffic in Cities
Authors: Bartuška Ladislav , Hanzl Jiří 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to familiarize readers with the issue of planning and modelling the urban pedestrian traffic. The introduction describes the factors that must be taken into account before designing new pedestrian roads or during reconstructing existing pedestrian areas. The paper furthermore introduces levels of quality of movement of pedestrian traffic, individual types and categories of pedestrians, including their own traffic behaviour. The final part of the paper summarizes the various approaches to addressing this issue, including the presentation of the possibilities of pedestrian traffic modelling based on computer simulation.
Elastic-Plastic Load-Carrying Capacity of Simple Frame Structures
Authors: Juhás Pavol , Šenitková Ingrid Juhásová 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The efficiency of plasticity for the design of steel frame structures is analysed in the paper. Technical theory of plasticity and standard assumptions and requirements for numerical study are applied. Two types of simple frames (double-sided pinned supporting and fixing) with different loading, geometrical dimensions of the frames and cross-sections of their columns and beams are considered. Some results of the numerical study and conclusions are also presented.
Perceived Air Quality and Productivity in the Office Building
Authors: Šenitková Ingrid Juhásová 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Problems of perceived quality of the environment find its reason especially when monitoring performance and productivity of work. Thus, verification of the degree of environmental quality impact on employee performance comes into consideration. The results of two independent studies involving 50 subjects, and using similar procedures and blind exposures have shown that increasing the air quality (by decreasing the pollution load or by increasing the ventilation rate, with otherwise constant indoor climate conditions) can improve the performance of simulated office work (text typing, addition and proof-reading). Performance testing was performed in the open space office of an office building at three air exchange intensities: n1 = 0.5 h−1, n2 = 1.5 h−1 and n3 = 2.5 h−1. Other physical environmental parameters that could have affected the assessors’ performance were maintained in the range: indoor air temperature θai = 22 - 24 °C, relative air humidity φai = 40 - 60%, air velocity vai ≤ 0.25 m.s−1, noise level load L = 40 - 50 dB (A), daylight - diffuse radiation component. The present results document the productivity benefits of providing good indoor air quality and indicate that providing indoor air of a higher ventilation level will increase productivity.
Replacement of Polymer Fibers with Hemp Fibers in Concrete
Authors: Machová Petra , Šál Jiří 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In our experiment, we tried to replace polymer fibers with hemp fibers and verify whether the properties and advantages of polymer fibers in concrete will be retained even with this interchange. Polymer fibers are added to the mixer to produce fresh concrete or mortar, and we did the same in our case. Polymer fibers do not replace conventional structural reinforcement of concrete, but improve some properties, such as suppressing and controlling cracking in concrete, reducing plastic settling and cracking in concrete settling, improving concrete toughness, etc. Cannabis and its cultivation have a long tradition. The growing season lasts about four months and during that time at least 2.5 times more wood mass grows on one hectare than in the same forest area. The plant consists of root, leaves, seeds and stalk, which contains about a quarter of the fiber and the rest is a woody mass, the so-called shives. We used only hemp fiber in concrete. Hemp fiber excels in its strength, durability and natural protection against pests. Sets of beams according to EN 196-6 were produced for the proposed solution. Although the article deals with hempcrete, i.e. concrete, the tests were performed according to the cement testing standard. In total, three blends were produced with different hemp fiber ratios, three strips each. Compressive strength and flexural tensile strength were measured.
Unique, firmest full bricks in Czech Republic
Authors: Fiala Jan , Lapka Miroslav , Mikoláš Milan , Jun Jan Fiala 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
History of ceramic products reach as far as 27000 years back. Discovery of first ceramic products definitely showed ways for first approach in processing plastic materials suitable for production of future ceramic products. When we imagine the method of firing first statuettes, it must have placed the foundations for very first field kilns. Thus if we will push over selves to work harder, fire high-quality bricks and abide technological procedures of production. We will be able to produce unique products which will stay here --with us over centuries.
Specific problems of engineering geological survey of sewer constructions
Authors: Niemiec Dominik , Marschalko Marian , Yilmaz Isik , Sombathy Erik , Yang Shuran , Kubáč Jan , Matuszková Barbara , Duraj Miloš , Mendes Estevao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sewerage constructions, unlike other types of constructions, require a certain specific methodological approach based on the fact that we have to deal primarily with the issue of earthworks related to the extraction of soils. Furthermore, it is necessary to deal with the hydrogeological conditions that affect the implementation of sewerage structures from multiple angles. The presence of water changes, for example, the physical-mechanical parameters of soils. The actual implementation of sewerage structures can change the flow of groundwater in the case of poor implementation of the backfill. All these specifics are pointed out in the presented publication.
Smart Parking System based on Improved OCR Model
Authors: Bassam Rami , Samann Fars 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Smart parking system becomes essential nowadays specially in urban area because it can reduce the time and the fuel wasted in searching for an empty parking slot. The aim of this paper is to develop smart parking system based on improved Optical Character Recognition (OCR) model. The proposed system consists of three stages: 1) OCR based parking slot detection, 2) User notification based on IoT approach, 3) Smart parking meter based on Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). In this system, the vacant parking slots are detected using improved OCR model by labeling the parking slots with specific characters. The system identifies empty parking slots by detecting these characters with installed camera above the parking slots, otherwise the parking slots are occupied. The performance of the proposed OCR model in detecting these characters is enhanced by considering two stages of advanced morphology filter to remove unwanted small/large objects from the image. The accuracy of the proposed OCR model is tested by eight images having different parking street textures as a background and characters written with seven font styles. The idea of detecting empty parking spaces is to share the number of vacancies on a website for the drivers searching for a parking space. However, a time-controlled parking system with different charge rate each hour can be considered to make the best utilization of parking spaces available in urban areas. Therefore, a smart parking meter is proposed to notify the user through Email about the time left that allowed to be parked and the change in charge rate. The proposed system is developed and implemented using vision assistant of LabView.
Using AHP Methods in Maintenance to Improve Reliability and Equipment Performance
Authors: Abed Kadhum A. , Mutlag Sattar A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe engineers are usually expected to consider several influential criteria when selecting as a single best alternative for water maintenance system (WMS). This research discusses the approach based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a decision making tool for selecting WMS. Supported with information of equipment breakdown, the questionnaire method as well as personal interviews as a main tool to collect data and information in the practical aspect of the study. In this study, the AHP decision support tool was applied in a maintenance systems field in the town of AL-Fallujah Water Treatment Project, Iraq. The AHP was applied to evaluate and an alternative is chosen from a set of maintenance alternatives: [ Preventive Maintenance (M1), Proactive Maintenance (M2), Total Productive Maintenance (M3), Predictive maintenance (M4) and Corrective Maintenance (M5)] vs eight of Maintenance pillars. Results indicate the advantages over traditional Decision Making selection methods. By using this information with AHP the best rank of alternatives was M3(11.85), M4(9.67) and so on. Moreover, the relationship between M3 and the pillars of maintenance: indicates a very high correlation 78%. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existing of a very strong impact for the proposed maintenance system in improving the performance and reliability of FWTP project operations.
Evaluation of Al-Kufa City Road Networks Using GIS
Authors: Abdlabass Ahmed Yahya , Al-Jameel Hamid Athab 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the important points to develop any region is the suitable road network and understanding the relationship between land use and transportation system. To effectively develop any network, there is an urgent need to obtain proper connectivity and orientation. However, Al-Kufa road network has received significantly limited attention and studies to evaluate this network. Therefore, this study has focused on analyzing the present road network connectivity in Al-Kufa city. Furthermore, the GIS program has been adopted in this study to represent the main features in the city. Several measures have been adopted in this study to perform the evaluation for the road network such as beta index, gamma index, alpha index, spreading index, correlation index, etc. The main objective of this study is to assess how the road network is successful to containment the present road traffic and suggestions for future traffic movement performance to accommodate the growth. The results demonstrate that urgent improvements are required such as adding new roads. Finally, the network density could give better another important prediction of the road network measures.
The Nano Fluid Effect on the Plethora of Thermal Efficiency in Evacuated Tube Solar Collector
Authors: Sultan Khalid F. , Anead Hosham S. , Jabber Sura Abdul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nano fluids are the most attractive means to boost heat transfer system efficiency, since they have high thermal conductivity. This research aims to investigate the effects of utilizing Nano fluids (Cu (30 nm) + DW) as the working fluid on the thermal effectiveness of the evacuated solar collector. Experiments for statistical analysis of techniques were Performed using nanoparticles in three volume concentrations (1%, 3% and 5% vol.), solar collector’s thermal efficiency was tested at various volume flow rates (30, 60 and 90 Lit / min). This research indicated that percentages improvement of (Cu (30nm) + DW) with working fluid (distilled water) at 5 % volume concentration and different volume flow rates are (15.326%, 16.96% and 19.98% ) while these percentages of improvement when used only distilled water at the same volume concentration and various volume flow rates are ( 2.41%, 4.36%, 5.43%), The high thermal conductivity of the working fluids could enhance solar collector efficiency compared to that of the distilled water. The area under the curve (the thermal efficiency curve) was used as indicator to assess the results of the volume flow rate and nanoparticle concentrations on total collector efficiency. Nano fluids (Cu + DW), at concentrations ratio (1, and 5%vol) and volume flow rates (30, and 90 L/min), Values of thermal solar characteristic value of (FR (τα), – FRUL) are 0.407, 1.156 W/m2.k, 0.522 and 0.945 W/m2.k, Whereas for distilled water at volume flow rates 30 L/min and 90 Lit/min are 0.252, 0.945 W/m2.k, 0.321 and 1.051 W/m2.k respectively, where FR (τα), – FRUL are two parameters used to describe how collector works, where FR (τα) is an indication of how energy absorb and FRUL is an indication of energy is lost, the two parameters are constitute the simplest practical collector model, the values indicates that the solar collector efficiency when using Nano fluids (Cu(30)+ DW) is higher than efficiency when using distilled water due to high thermal conductivity for copper. The type of Nano fluid is a key factor for heat transfer enhancement, and improve performance of evacuated tube solar collector.
Air Distribution Performance Inside Office Room with Combined Displacement and Personal Ventilation
Authors: Mahdi Ala’a Abbas , Al-amir Qusay Rasheed , Yakoob Asmaa Khudhair 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main goal of the paper is to study the effect of adding a new type of ventilation device, which is personal ventilation to displacement ventilation, and know its effect on heat removal and how to reach thermal comfort for humans. Experiments were practically conducted inside a thermally insulated room with full-scale of dimensions (3 ϗ 1.75 ϗ 3) m. The results of the experimental work are used to validate the CFD simulations. The RNG k-e model is utilized to simulate the cases for predicting indoor airflows. The displacement ventilation supply temperature is close to 18°C and the flow velocity of 0.25 m/s. As for the personal ventilation, the flow rates 5l/s and 10l/s were taken with a temperature close to where the air was drawn (at height 0.4 m). It was concluded that adding personal ventilation improved air quality and thermal comfort, and it was also concluded that a flow rate of 10 l/s gave better efficiency for the device to function in terms of air distribution performance index and effectiveness of temperature (e.t) which about 71% and 1.8 respectively.
Manta Ray Foraging Optimization for Hyper-Parameter Selection in Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kamil Omar Adil , Al-Shammari Shaymaa W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been attracting attention as one of the most common deep learning techniques used for different applications like images classifications, objects recognition, face recognition, etc. The performance and efficiency of the CNN model depend directly on their hyper-parameter, which must be selected by an expert or using one of the models that proposed and improved. This makes it very important to determine the optimal hyper-parameters. In this work, the Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) algorithm is used to select CNN’s Hyper-Parameter. We demonstrate that MRFO efficiently explores the solution space. This allowing CNN with simple architecture to achieve a good classification accuracy over Cifar_10 dataset. In the presented experiment Cifar_10 dataset used as the benchmark data sets. By optimizing CNN hyper-parameters with MRFO algorithm and comparing the obtained results with other CNN, it was approved that the accuracy was improved.