bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultured beef: from small biopsy to substantial quantity
Authors: Melzener Lea , Verzijden Karin E , Buijs A Jasmin , Post Mark J , Flack Joshua E 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCultured meat is an emerging technology with the potential to solve huge challenges related to the environmental, ethical, and health implications of conventional meat production. Establishing the basic science of cultured meat has been the primary focus of the last decade but it is now feasible that cultured meat products will enter the market within the next 3 to 4 years. This proximity to market introduction demands an evaluation of aspects of the cultured meat production process that have not yet been outlined or discussed in significant detail. For example, one technological approach for the production of cultured meat uses adult muscle stem cells, the limited proliferative capacity of which necessitates repeated collection of tissue samples via biopsies of living donor animals. The selection of donor animals and the details of biopsy processes must be optimized, as this is a key bottleneck in the cultured meat production process. The number of stem cells harvested from a biopsy, together with their proliferative capacity, determines a ‘multiplicity factor’ achieved by a cultured meat production process, thus dictating the reduction in number of animals required to produce a given quantity of meat. This article considers potential scenarios for these critical upstream steps, focusing on the production of cultured beef as an example. Considerations related to donor selection and details of the biopsy process are discussed in detail. The practicalities of various scenarios for cultured beef production, the health of donor animals, and regulatory issues associated with the safety of cultured meat for consumers are also considered. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Enriched cereal bars with wine fermentation biomass
Authors: Borges Marana Sandini , Biz Ana Paula , Bertolo Angélica Patrícia , Bagatini Luciola , Rigo Elisandra , Cavalheiro Darlene 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCereal bars are a sweet‐tasting, nutritious, and enjoyable source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Ingredients can be added to the formulation to improve certain characteristics, such as protein content. Some of these ingredients are derived from yeast from fermentation processes. This study aimed to add value to the residue resulting from the wine fermentation process (wine lees) by applying it in the formulation of cereal bars.RESULTSThree formulations of cereal bars with different concentrations of autolyzed yeast biomass were developed. The effect of the addition of biomass was investigated by chemical and sensorial analysis. The cereal bar with the highest concentration of autolyzed biomass (5%) showed the highest protein content (73.4 g kg−1). The findings regarding acceptance obtained by sensory analysis showed that the samples with 2.5% and 5% autolyzed biomass pleased consumers.CONCLUSIONSFormulations of autolyzed biomass‐based cereal bars have increased protein content as the autolyzed biomass concentration has increased. Moreover, the acceptance of the cereal bars with autolyzed biomass in concentrations of 2.5% and 5% was satisfactory. The use of wine lees in food products is therefore a possible way of adding value to this residue, including, for example, a significant increase in protein. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The safety of hepatectomy after transarterial radioembolization: Single institution experience and review of the literature
Authors: Noda Christopher , Williams Gregory A. , Foltz Gretchen , Kim Hyun , Sanford Dominic E. , Hammill Chet W. , Fields Ryan C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe liver is a frequent site of malignancy, both primary and metastatic. The treatment goal of patients with liver cancer may include transarterial radioembolization (TARE). There are limited reports on the safety of hepatectomy following TARE. Our study's purpose is to review patients who have received TARE followed by hepatectomy.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients diagnosed with any liver cancer from 2013 to 2019 who underwent TARE followed by hepatectomy. Postoperative complications were prospectively collected. Descriptive statistics and the Kaplan‐Meier test were used to assess survival outcomes.ResultsTwelve patients were treated with a TARE followed by a hepatectomy (nine with ≥4 segments resected). Diagnoses included: six HCC, four cholangiocarcinoma, one metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, and one metastatic colorectal cancer. There were no 90‐day post‐hepatectomy mortalities and the overall morbidity was 66% (16% severe ≥MAGS 3). Hepatectomy‐specific complications after hepatectomy included two (16%) bile leaks and no post‐hepatectomy liver failures. The median recurrence free survival was 26 months. Overall survival at 1‐year was 78% and at 3 years was 47%.ConclusionsOur results support the safety of hepatectomy in select patients after TARE. Additional comparison to patients who receive hepatectomy as a first‐line treatment for liver cancers should be investigated.
Mesoporous silica hybridized by ordered mesoporous carbon for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Loussala Herman Maloko , Han Sen , Feng Juanjuan , Sun Min , Feng Jiaqing , Fan Jing , Pei Meishan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo enhance the extraction performance, a mesoporous silica was modified with ordered mesoporous carbon for solid‐phase microextraction. Three stainless‐steel wires coated with the mesoporous material were placed in a polyetheretherketone tube for getting an extraction tube. The tube was coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector, and the online analysis system was constructed. Then its extraction performance was evaluated using hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, and hydrophilic neonicotinoids. The best selectivity was presented for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Several main conditions were optimized such as sampling volume, sampling rate, methanol concentration in the sample, and desorption time, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was established toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The analytical method exhibited wide linear range from 0.017 to 15 µg/L with acceptable correlation coefficients more than 0.9990, limits of detection in 0.005‐0.020 µg/L, limits of quantification ranging from 0.017 to 0.066 µg/L as well as large enrichment factors of 377‐2314. It was successfully applied to detect trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some real water samples including tap water, snow water, and domestic sewage.
Early Pain and Other Somatic Symptoms Predict Posttraumatic Stress Reactions in Survivors of Terrorist Attacks: The Longitudinal Utøya Cohort Study
Authors: Stensland Synne Øien , Thoresen Siri , Jensen Tine , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Dyb Grete 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurvivors of traumatic events commonly suffer from long‐term pain and related somatic symptomatology. To test the predominant hypothesis that survivors’ pain comprises sequela of persistent posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), we assessed the sequential order of symptom development among young survivors of a terrorist attack. All 490 survivors of the 2011 Utøya (Norway) attacks were invited to the longitudinal Utøya cohort study; 355 (72.4%) participated. The mean survivor age was 19.3 years (SD = 4.6) and 169 were female (47.6%). Somatic symptoms, including headache, other pain and fatigue, and PTSS, were measured 4–5 months (T1), 14–16 months (T2), and 32–33 months (T3) after the attack. Longitudinal associations between somatic symptoms and PTSS were assessed in cross‐lagged structural equation model (SEM) analyses, which were adjusted for known confounders. Higher pain levels and other somatic symptoms at T1 consistently predicted PTSS at T2 in SEM analyses, r = .473, p < .001. Beyond this early‐to‐intermediate posttraumatic phase, somatic symptoms did not significantly predict PTSS: T2–T3, r = .024, p = .831; T1–T3, r = −.074, p = .586. PTSS did not significantly predict later somatic symptomatology at T1–T2, r = .093, p = .455; T2–T3, r = .272, p = .234; or T1–T3, r = −.279, p = .077. The findings indicate that survivors’ early pain and related somatic symptoms strongly and consistently predict later psychopathology. After severe psychological trauma, early interventions may need to address individuals’ pain to hinder chronification.
Cumulative Trauma Exposure and Chronic Homelessness Among Veterans: The Roles of Responses to Intrusions and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Macia Kathryn S. , Moschetto Jenna M. , Wickham Robert E. , Brown Lisa M. , Waelde Lynn C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVeterans with mental health problems and a history of interpersonal and military trauma exposure are at increased risk for chronic homelessness. Although studies have examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a predictor of homelessness, there is limited understanding of specific mechanisms related to cumulative trauma exposure. We sought to elucidate how cumulative interpersonal and military trauma exposure may be linked to homelessness chronicity by examining the role of factors that influence trauma recovery and functional impairment. Specifically, we examined the indirect association of cumulative trauma exposure with homelessness chronicity through distress and responses to trauma‐related intrusions and emotion regulation problems in a sample of 239 veterans in community‐based homeless programs. Participants completed measures of trauma exposure, responses to intrusions, intrusion distress, difficulties with emotion regulation, and duration and episodes of homelessness. Structural equation modeling was used to test a serial indirect effect model in which cumulative trauma exposure was indirectly associated with homelessness chronicity through distress from and responses to intrusions as well as emotion regulation problems. The results supported the hypothesized sequential indirect effect for episodes of homelessness, indirect effect odds ratio (IE ORs) = 1.12–1.13, but not for current episode duration, IE OR = 1.05. Overall, the present findings elucidate specific trauma‐related factors that may be particularly relevant to episodic patterns of homelessness and interfere with efforts to remain housed. These findings represent an important step toward shaping policy and program development to better meet mental health care needs and improve housing outcomes among homeless veterans.
Effect of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and LVI on Merkel Cell Carcinoma Prognosis and Treatment
Authors: Harounian Jonathan A. , Molin Nicole , Galloway Thomas J. , Ridge Drew , Bauman Jessica , Farma Jeffrey , Reddy Sanjay , Lango Miriam N. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivePrognostic factors and optimal treatment approaches for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) remain uncertain. This study evaluated the influences of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on treatment planning and prognosis.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsStage 1 to 3 MCC patients treated 2005 to 2018. Predictors of nodal radiation were tested using logistic regression. Predictors of recurrence‐free, disease‐specific, and overall survival were tested in Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOf 122 patients, 99 were without clinically apparent nodal metastases. Of these, 76 (77%) underwent excision and SLN biopsy; 29% had metastasis in SLNs, including 20% of MCCs 1 cm or less. Primary tumor diameter, site, patient age, gender, and immunosuppressed status were not significantly associated with an involved SLN. Among patients who underwent SLN biopsy, 13 of 21 (62%) MCCs with LVI had cancer in SLNs compared with 14 of 44 (25.5%) without LVI (P = .003). Although local radiation was common, nodal radiation was infrequently employed in SLN negative (pathologic N0) patients (21.8% vs. 76.2% for patients with SLN metastases, P = .0001). Survival of patients with positive SLNs was unfavorable, regardless of completion lymphadenectomy and/or adjuvant radiation. After accounting for tumor (T) and node (N) classification, age, immunosuppression, and primary site, a positive SLN and LVI were independently associated with worse survival (LVI/recurrence‐free survival [RFS]: hazard ratio [HR] 2.3 (1.04–5, P = .04; LVI/disease‐specific survival [DSS]: HR 5.2 (1.8–15, P = .007); N1a vs. pN0/RFS HR 3.6 (1.42–9.3, P = .007); DSS HR5.0 (1.3–19, P = .17).ConclusionSLN biopsy assists in risk stratification and radiation treatment planning in MCC. LVI and disease in SLNs, independently associated with worse survival, constitute markers of high‐risk disease warranting consideration for investigational studies.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 131:E828–E835, 2021
Population dynamics of a temperate coral along a depth gradient in the Dardanelles
Authors: Caroselli Erik , Özalp Hasan Baris , Lavia Maila , De Witt Francesca , Raimondi Francesco , Goffredo Stefano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNotwithstanding the importance of analyzing the variations of population dynamic traits along environmental gradients for assessing coral resilience to global climate change, temperate areas are more understudied than tropical regions. In the Mediterranean Sea, some studies are available for its western basin, while there is a lack of information for its eastern basin. This study starts to fill this gap, by determining the demographic characteristics of the solitary zooxanthellate scleractinian Balanophyllia europaea in the Dardanelles (Turkey) along a 1–21 m depth transect. The population dynamics of B. europaea from this site in the eastern Mediterranean Sea was compared with the populations in the NW Mediterranean Sea. In particular, the sites of Calafuria and Palinuro (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) were chosen for the comparison since their temperature and latitude, respectively, were similar to that of the Dardanelles population. The population density in the Dardanelles increased exponentially with depth, possibly due to lower current and wave action, and higher salinity at depth. Age structure in the Dardanelles was relatively overrepresented in younger age classes with increasing depth. Nevertheless, this difference in age structure was not strong enough to cause trends with depth for all derived demographic parameters. In comparison with Italian populations, age structure presented a higher frequency of young individuals and were more stable in the Dardanelles, likely due to the less intense wave action. Hosting different clades of symbiotic algae may also contribute to these differences, but molecular studies are necessary to verify this hypothesis.
Visual Impairment Is More Common in Parkinson’s Disease and Is a Risk Factor for Poor Health Outcomes
Authors: Hamedani Ali G. , Abraham Danielle S. , Maguire Maureen G. , Willis Allison W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVisual impairment is associated with hip fracture, depression, anxiety, and dementia in the general population, and many causes of visual impairment are preventable or treatable with early detection. However, the prevalence, outcomes, and healthcare utilization patterns associated with visual impairment have not been examined in Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of all Medicare beneficiaries with complete data in 2014 and longitudinal analysis of beneficiaries with PD from 2010 to 2014. We used diagnosis and procedure codes to identify PD, visual impairment, eye exams, hip fracture, and neuropsychiatric disorders. We compared the prevalence of visual impairment using logistic regression and used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine visual impairment and incident hip fracture, depression, anxiety, dementia, and death. We also examined the frequency of eye exams in PD using repeated‐measures logistic regression.ResultsAmong 26,209,997 Medicare beneficiaries in 2014, visual impairment was significantly more prevalent in PD (1.7%) than non‐PD (0.71%) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56–1.65). In a longitudinal cohort of 542,224 Medicare beneficiaries with PD, less than 60% had a yearly eye exam. Visual impairment associated with increased hazard of depression (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14–1.32), anxiety (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.24–1.43), dementia (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.21–1.36), and death (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.44–1.55).ConclusionVisual impairment is more common in PD than the general population and is associated with negative PD‐related outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms for these relationships is important for guiding future interventions to improve health outcomes in PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Parental genetic knowledge and attitudes toward childhood genetic testing for inherited eye diseases
Authors: Zhang Yu , Huang Sijian , Xiao Huiming , Ding Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the parental genetic knowledge and attitudes toward childhood genetic testing of the inherited eye diseases (IEDs) in China.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional survey. All parents were assessed via self‐administered questionnaires. Data were collected through the Internet at the pediatric eye clinics in a tertiary referral eye hospital.ResultsIn total, 359 parents were included into this survey. The proportion of correctly answered the factual genetic knowledge questionnaire ranged from 35.7% to 81.3%, which is positively correlated to the educational levels and household per capita income. The attitudes toward childhood IEDs genetic testing appeared to be consistent. More factual genetic knowledge was predictive for a favorable attitude toward genetic testing. Han Chinese might be slightly more likely to have a favorable attitude. Interestingly, the higher educational levels and lower monthly incomes were predictive factors for a reserved attitude toward genetic testing. The families without history of IEDs were more inclined to remain a reserved attitude than those with family history of IEDs.ConclusionThis study illustrated that more factual genetic knowledge was considered as an indicator for the favorable attitudes. Therefore, the effective strategies should be taken to provide the correct knowledge of genetics and genetic testing to parents, especially those who need to make an informed decision thereon to undertake childhood genetic testing.
Measuring sensitivity to eye gaze cues in naturalistic scenes: Presenting the eye gaze FoCuS database
Authors: Bill Gordon , Whyte Elisabeth , Griffin Jason W. , Scherf K. Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe ability to process information about eye gaze and its use for nonverbal communication is foundational to human social interactions. We developed and validated a database of stimuli that are optimized to investigate the perception and referential understanding of shifts in eye gaze.MethodsThe 245 Gaze Perception stimuli are digital photographs that test the ability to estimate and interpret eye gaze trajectory. The 82 Gaze Following stimuli are digital videos that measure the ability to follow and interpret eye gaze shifts online. Both stimuli were designed for a 4‐alternative forced choice paradigm (4AFC) in which the participant identifies the gazed‐at object.ResultsEach stimulus was validated by independent raters and only included if the endorsement of the correct item was ≥75%. Finally, we provided timestamps for 19 40‐second video segments from adolescent‐oriented entertainment movies that are matched on several factors. These segments involve social interactions with eye gaze shifts and can be used to measure visual social attention.ConclusionsThis database will be an excellent resource for researchers interested in studying the developmental, behavioral, and/or neural mechanisms supporting the perception and interpretation of eye gaze cues.
Free‐breathing whole‐heart multi‐slice myocardial T1 mapping in 2 minutes
Authors: Guo Rui , Cai Xiaoying , Kucukseymen Selcuk , Rodriguez Jennifer , Paskavitz Amanda , Pierce Patrick , Goddu Beth , Nezafat Reza 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo develop and validate a saturation‐delay‐inversion recovery preparation, slice tracking and multi‐slice based sequence for measuring whole‐heart native T1.MethodThe proposed free‐breathing sequence performs T1 mapping of multiple left‐ventricular slices by slice‐interleaved acquisition to collect 10 electrocardiogram‐triggered single‐shot slice‐selective images for each slice. A saturation‐delay‐inversion recovery pulse is used for T1 preparation. Prospective slice tracking by the diaphragm navigator and retrospective registration are used to reduce through‐plane and in‐plane motion, respectively. The proposed sequence was validated in both phantom and human subjects (12 healthy subjects and 15 patients who were referred for a clinical cardiac MR exam) and compared with saturation recovery single‐shot acquisition (SASHA) and modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI).ResultsPhantom T1 measured by the proposed sequence had excellent agreement (R2 = 0.99) with the ground‐truth T1 and was insensitive to heart rate. In both healthy subjects and patients, the proposed sequence yielded nine left‐ventricular T1 maps per volume in less than 2 minutes (healthy volunteers: 1.8 ± 0.4 minutes; patients: 1.9 ± 0.2 minutes). The average T1 of whole left ventricle for all healthy subjects and patients were 1560 ± 61 and 1535 ± 49 ms by SASHA, 1208 ± 42 and 1233 ± 56 ms by MOLLI5(3)3, and 1397 ± 34 and 1433 ± 56 ms by the proposed sequence, respectively. The corresponding coefficient of variation of T1 were 6.2 ± 1.4% and 5.8 ± 1.6%, 5.3 ± 1.1% and 5.1 ± 0.8%, and 4.9 ± 0.8% and 4.5 ± 0.8%, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed sequence enables quantification of whole heart T1 with good accuracy and precision in less than 2 minutes during free breathing.
Magnitude of latent heat in thermally loaded clays
Authors: Samat Sergio , Brochard Laurent , Stefanou Ioannis 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTemperature changes are known to induce specific couplings in clay, in particular, an anomalously high thermal pressurization in undrained conditions or a thermal compaction in drained conditions, both of which are potential threats for the mechanical stability and sealing capacity of the geomaterials. Thermodynamical analysis of those peculiar thermomechanical couplings points to a potentially important latent energy, which in turn could limit the temperature change upon heating or cooling. The direct measurement of latent energy developed during a laboratory geomechanical test is challenging. Instead, proper identification of thermal hardening in conventional experiments with temperature changes provides an alternative route to estimate latent energy. In this work, existing laboratory thermomechanical tests of clays are analyzed with a rigorous thermodynamic framework to quantify the magnitude of latent energy in thermomechanically loaded clays. A thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for fully saturated clays that combines two key features, (a) the temperature dependence of the blocked energy and (b) the framework of bounding plasticity, is proposed. The performance of the model is validated by reproducing results obtained in laboratory tests for Boom and Opalinus clays. The thermomechanical loads considered to validate the model performance were then used to estimate the percentage of work that remains latent in the clayey material during plastic yielding. We find that the magnitude of latent energy is quite significant, typically a few tens of percent of the total dissipated energy, and increases significantly with temperature. Accordingly, it is expected to play an important role in the thermomechanical response of clays.