bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 mutations, immune checkpoints, and tumor microenvironment based on immunogenomic profiling
Authors: Wei Yousheng , Ou Tingyu , Lu Yan , Wu Guangteng , Long Ying , Pan Xinbin , Yao Desheng 
Published: November 2020

Background
Ovarian cancer is a highly fatal gynecological malignancy and new, more effective treatments are needed. Immunotherapy is gaining attention from researchers worldwide, although it has not proven to be consistently effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer. We studied the immune landscape of ovarian cancer patients to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy as a treatment option.

Methods
We obtained expression profiles, somatic mutation data, and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Ovarian cancer was classified based on 29 immune-associated gene sets, which represented different immune cell types, functions, and pathways. Single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) was used to quantify the activity or enrichment levels of the gene sets in ovarian cancer, and the unsupervised machine learning method was used sort the classifications. Our classifications were validated using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets.

Results
We divided ovarian cancer into three subtypes according to the ssGSEA score: subtype 1 (low immunity), subtype 2 (median immunity), and subtype 3 (high immunity). Most tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoint molecules were upgraded in subtype 3 compared with those in the other subtypes. The tumor mutation burden (TMB) was not significantly different among the three subtypes. However, patients with BRCA1 mutations were consistently detected in subtype 3. Furthermore, most immune signature pathways were hyperactivated in subtype 3, including T and B cell receptor signaling pathways, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway the NF-κB signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation and interleukin-17 signaling pathways, and the TNF signaling pathway.

Conclusion
Ovarian cancer subtypes that are based on immune biosignatures may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic treatment strategies for ovarian cancer.
The pandemic paradox: domestic violence and happiness of women
Authors: Haq Wajiha , Raza Syed Hassan , Mahmood Tahir 
Published: November 2020

Background
Across the globe, lockdowns have been enforced as a pandemic response to COVID-19. Such lockdown coupled with school closures and stay-at-home orders made women more vulnerable in terms of higher responsibility and spending more time with an abusive partner, if any.

Methods
This study investigates the situation of women during COVID-19 induced lockdown by focusing on their happiness and inquiring about the incidence of violence. Using the zero-inflated negative binomial model, our findings ascertained that family settings, type of relationship with a spouse, and age significantly affects the positive count of violence during the lockdown. We further estimated the determinants of happiness and found that years of schooling, the role of women in household decision making, and feeling empowered is affecting their happiness.

Results
Women having higher education have more odds of zero violence. Unemployed women and women who are not working have higher odds of zero violence as compared to women who are working. During this lockdown after the COVID-19 pandemic, women living in urban areas, having higher education, having an adequate household income to meet the expenditures, having lesser anxiety, not facing violence, feeling empowered when their husband is around, and have higher decision-making power are happier.

Discussion and conclusion
The study is important in the context of happiness and violence inflicted on women during the lockdown and provides the basis to improve the pandemic response policy. The inclusion of women’s safety and happiness in pandemic response policy is important to ensure the well-being of women and to devise better health and economic policy. Our estimates suggest higher education results in less incidence of violence which could be argued as desirable outcomes for building healthy, productive, and happy communities. In addition to this, as pandemic induced lock-down is likely to result in higher unemployment across the globe including Pakistan, therefore, in light of our estimates pertaining to the role of unemployment in the incidence of violence, policymakers should deploy more resources to enhance income and to combat the rising unemployment. As a counter-intuitive outcome of these policy interventions, incidence of violence will be dampened, educational attainment and women empowerment will be increased which will certainly increase happiness.
An Efficacy of Treatment Methodologies of Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis Using Combined Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Singh R. K. , Chandra Naresh , Kumar Ajit , Soni Yogesh , Choudhary Govind Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is a chronic contagious proliferative disease of cattle which is characterized by warts or papilloma that occur mostly in cutaneous form and less frequently in mucosal form as exophytic papilloma.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to see the effect of combined therapeutic approach for the treatment of bovine cutaneous Papillomatosis in animals.
Presentation of Case: A case of bovine papillomatosis in a cow and its treatment with the autogenous vaccine, Auto-hemotherapy, Homeopathic and Allopathic medicines is presented. A four to five years old female Holstein Friesian cross bred cow was presented with signs of various sizes of cauliflower growth and pedunculated cutaneous warts on neck, shoulder and teat having pain, bleeding and interference in milking. On the basis of history and clinical signs it was diagnosed as bovine papillomatosis. The vaccine was prepared from sample collected from older wart growths under aseptic conditions, minced, suspended in normal saline, filtered through muslin cloth and treated with formalin. The animal was treated with a dose of 5 ml subcutaneously and revaccinated at 7 day intervals for four weeks. The animal was also treated with its own blood and repeated once in a week. The animal was treated with homeopathic medicine Thuja-mother tincture and Thuja 200X and allopathic medicine Levamisol at dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day on days 1,3,5,7,9 and 16 by per oral route, single shot of Ivermectin (S/C) @ 200µg/kg body wt . The animal was recovered completely in six weeks.
Discussion and Conclusion: Since the single treatment strategy is not so effective and recovery is very poor and recurrence is possible. On the basis of our study it is concluded that the combined therapy is suggested for an effective treatment of Bovine cutaneous Papillomatosis.
Nursing Students’ First Clinical Experience with a Dying Patient or the Dead: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Kwakye Isaac Nyarko , Antwi James , Essel Cynthia , Yeboah Prince Appiah 
Published: November 2020

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore nursing students’ first clinical experience with a dying patient or the dead.
Study Design: The study employed a qualitative case study design involving six students, homogenous in nature and purposively selected from the nursing department of a private university in Accra. We used in-depth interviews to solicit for lived experiences of the participants and the field data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis technique.
Results: Seven themes emerged from the analysis; reasons for choosing nursing as a profession, emotional and psychological effects, coping strategies, preparation of the student before clinical placement, access to counselling and future thoughts about nursing. Productive and unproductive forces are used to illustrate the experiences of the students. The results showed that nursing students were inadequately prepared for their first clinical practice and experienced varied negative emotional and psychological effects such as fear and stress. Some of the students were unable to cope with their experiences and as a result wanted to quit the training while others were able to accept the situation due to their personal disposition.
Conclusion: The authors recommend that students should be given adequate orientation or preparation before clinical placement and where possible, counselling services should be made available to them before, during and after their clinical placement both at the hospital and in the school.
Secukinumab and Sustained Reduction in Fatigue in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: Long‐Term Results of Two Phase III Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kvien Tore K. , Conaghan Philip G. , Gossec Laure , Strand Vibeke , Østergaard Mikkel , Poddubnyy Denis , Williams Nicole , Porter Brian , Shete Abhijit , Gilloteau Isabelle , Deodhar Atul 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the longer‐term effects of secukinumab 150 mg on fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the MEASURE 1 study (up to 3 years) and the MEASURE 2 study (up to 2 years).MethodsPatients with active AS were randomized to secukinumab or placebo in MEASURE 1 (10 mg/kg intravenous [IV] followed by 150 mg subcutaneous) and MEASURE 2 (150 mg subcutaneous). Patients were naive to treatment with anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF‐naive) therapy or had an inadequate response/intolerance to anti‐TNF therapy (anti‐TNF‐IR). Fatigue was measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT‐F) scale. Relationships between fatigue response and baseline characteristics and clinical/laboratory variables were explored.ResultsSignificant improvements in FACIT‐F scores from baseline were observed with secukinumab across both studies versus placebo at week 16 (P < 0.05). Improvements were sustained through week 156 (MEASURE 1) and week 104 (MEASURE 2). Significantly more patients reported fatigue responses (FACIT‐F improvement ≥4; observed data) with secukinumab 150 mg than with placebo at week 16 in both MEASURE 1 (P < 0.05) and MEASURE 2 (P < 0.01). Fatigue responses were achieved by 75.6% of patients receiving secukinumab at week 156 (MEASURE 1) and 81.4% at week 104 (MEASURE 2); these results were consistent in patients who were anti‐TNF‐naive (74.3% and 84.6%, respectively) and anti‐TNF‐IR (81.3% and 75.0%, respectively). Baseline characteristics did not predict improvement in fatigue consistently. Fatigue responses were moderately to strongly correlated with responses in several clinical measures, including the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) 20%/40% improvement, ASAS5/6 responses, the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C‐reactive protein level, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, and the Short Form 36 health questionnaire scores.ConclusionSecukinumab provided rapid and sustained improvements in fatigue for up to 3 years, regardless of prior anti‐TNF exposure.
Monopsonists, Disruptive Innovation and Food Security: The Case of High‐Value Commodity
Authors: Mishra Ashok K. , Kumar Anjani , Joshi Pramod K. , Dsouza Alwin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrivate firms in monopsony undertake disruptive innovation like contract farming (CF), where the firm invests in the food supply chain, provides credit, assumes the risk, and implements management strategies. This study investigates the impact of monopsonist involvement in CF and its impact on food security indicators among smallholders. Findings reveal that the monopsonist CF structure for ginger processing in Nepal increases the market price by about 18%, yields by 10%, and profits by 66%. However, the impact varies with farm size. Small farms (≤0.51 hectares (ha)) engaged in CF have higher yields (18%), earn higher profits (81%), and receive higher market prices (12%) than small noncontract ginger producers. Contrary to popular belief, disruptive innovation in value chains by monopsonists could lead to higher yields, the market price received, and profitability for both small and large farmers.
Human adaptation to climate change: An introduction to the special issue
Authors: Pisor Anne C. , Jones James H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesDespite our focus on adaptation and human responses to climate, evolutionary and biological anthropologists (EBAs) are largely absent from conversations about contemporary “climate‐change adaptation,” a term popular in other disciplines, the development world, and related policy decisions. EBAs are missing a big opportunity to contribute to impactful, time‐sensitive applied work: we have extensive theoretical and empirical knowledge pertinent to conversations about climate‐change adaptation and to helping support communities as they cope. This special issue takes a tour of EBA contributions to our understanding of climate‐change adaptation, from data on past and contemporary human communities to theoretically informed predictions about how individuals and communities will respond to climate change now and in the future. First, however, we must establish what wemeanby “climate change” and “adaptation,” along with other terms commonly used by EBAs; review what EBAs know about adaptation and about human responses to climate change; and identify just a few topics EBAs study that are pertinent to ongoing conversations about climate‐change adaptation. In this article, we do just that.ConclusionFrom our work on energy use to our work on demography, subsistence, social networks, and the salience of climate change to local communities, EBAs have an abundance of data and theoretical insights to help inform responses to contemporary climate change. We need to better reach the climate community and general public with our contributions.
High expression levels of circulating microRNA‐122 and microRNA‐222 are associated with obesity in children with Mayan ethnicity
Authors: González‐Arce Larissa Michelle , Lara‐Riegos Julio César , Pérez‐Mendoza Gerardo José , Rubí‐Castellanos Rodrigo , Vega‐Marcín Miguel , Valencia‐Pacheco Guillermo , Torres‐Romero Julio César , González‐Herrera Lizbeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesHigh expression levels (HELs) of microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) or microRNA‐222 (miR‐222) have been associated with insulin resistance (IR), which leads to the development of obesity. The association between HELs of circulating miR‐122 and miR‐222 and the risk of obesity was evaluated in Mexican school‐aged children, where childhood obesity is the primary cause of morbidity.MethodsAnthropometric data, biochemical parameters, and caloric intake were obtained in 50 children with obesity and 49 children with normal weight. The expression of circulating miR‐122 and miR‐222 was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction amplification. Data were analyzed using Student t test, Pearson correlation coefficient, associations with chi‐square, and multiple linear and logistic regressions with SPSS software v.23.ResultsThe mean relative expression for miR‐122 and miR‐222 was 0.33 and 5.65, respectively, for children with obesity and 0.22 and 3.16, respectively, for children with normal weight. The expression of miR‐122 and miR‐222 was 1.47 and 1.78‐fold higher, respectively, in children with obesity (P = 0.001 and P = 0.025). HELs of both miR‐122 and miR‐222 were associated with body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHR), fat percentage, serum high‐density lipid levels, triglycerides (TGs), and metabolic index (MI) (P < .001).ConclusionsThe HELs of circulating miR‐122 conferred a 3.85‐fold increase in the risk for obesity, whereas the HELs of both miR‐122 and miR‐222 conferred a 3.11‐fold increase in the risk for obesity, which were also associated with higher anthropometric or biochemical parameters, such as BMI, WHR, fat percentage, serum high‐density lipid levels, TGs, and MI, in Mayan children.
The Fifty Percent Machines—A Short History of Influence Machines and an Elementary Theory of Their Efficiency: An Attempt
Authors: Dörfel Günter , Weihreter Ernst 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPresenting the devices invented by Toepler, Holtz, Wimshurst, and Wommelsdorf, the history of the influence machines, the progress made, and the remaining deficits are discussed. The theoretical considerations published in the literature lack generalizable statements on the efficiency. Based on R. W. Pohl's model (1927), an elementary analysis is made, with the result that the upper limit of the theoretically achievable efficiency of influence machines is only 50%.
Genetically Encoded and Biologically Produced All‐DNA Nanomedicine Based on One‐Pot Assembly of DNA Dendrimers for Targeted Gene Regulation
Authors: Lu Jingxiong , Hu Pengchao , Cao Lingyan , Wei Zixiang , Xiao Fan , Chen Zhe , Li Yan , Tian Leilei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAll‐DNA nanomedicines have emerged as potential anti‐tumor drugs. DNA nanotechnology provides all‐DNA nanomedicines with unlimited possibilities in controlling the diversification of size, shape, and loads of the therapeutic motifs. As DNA is a biological polymer, it is possible to genetically encode and produce the all‐DNA nanomedicines in living bacteria. Herein, DNA‐dendrimer‐based nanomedicines are designed to adapt to the biological production, which is constructed by the flexible 3‐arm building blocks to enable a highly efficient one‐pot DNA assembly. For the first time, a DNA nanomedicine, D4‐3‐As‐DzSur, is successfully genetically encoded, biotechnologically produced, and directly self‐assembled. The performance of the biologically produced D4‐3‐As‐DzSur in targeted gene regulation has been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. The biological production capability will fulfill the low‐cost and large‐scale production of all‐DNA nanomedicines and promote clinical applications.
Efficient Catalysts for the Green Synthesis of Adipic Acid from Biomass
Authors: Deng Weiping , Yan Longfei , Wang Binju , Zhang Qihui , Song Haiyan , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Ye 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGreen synthesis of adipic acid from renewable biomass is a very attractive goal of sustainable chemistry. Herein, we report efficient catalysts for a two‐step transformation of cellulose‐derived glucose into adipic acid via glucaric acid. Carbon nanotube‐supported platinum nanoparticles are found to work efficiently for the oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid. An activated carbon‐supported bifunctional catalyst composed of rhenium oxide and palladium is discovered to be powerful for the removal of four hydroxyl groups in glucaric acid, affording adipic acid with a 99 % yield. Rhenium oxide functions for the deoxygenation but is less efficient for four hydroxyl group removal. The co‐presence of palladium not only catalyzes the hydrogenation of olefin intermediates but also synergistically facilitates the deoxygenation. This work presents a green route for adipic acid synthesis and offers a bifunctional‐catalysis strategy for efficient deoxygenation.
Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene based waterborne polyurethane acrylate emulsions: Synthesis, characterization, and damping property
Authors: Li Songsong , Deng Yunjiao , Fu Zhongyu , Zhang Huixuan , Zhou Chao , Jiao Yuhang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new kinds of waterborne polyurethane acrylate (WPUA) dispersions were synthesized based on isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), 1, 4‐butanediol (1, 4‐BDO), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as main raw materials. The influence of the HTPB content on the particle size, storage stability of the WPUA dispersions and the damping property of cured films were studied by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. It can be found the WPUA dispersions have a good stability and the damping temperature range of loss tangent (tan δ) >0.3 reaches a maximum (−26.6–79.14°C) when the content of HTPB is 20%. The HTPB based WPUA could be applied to damping material.
Forecast Impact of FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 GNSS Radio Occultation Measurements
Authors: Ruston Benjamin , Healy Sean 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 GNSS‐RO mission was launched on June 25, 2019, and it has provided a large increase in the number of GNSS‐RO observations available for operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) in the latitude band between ±40°. A key aim of this mission has been to improve the GNSS‐RO measurement quality in the lower and middle troposphere. In this study, we summarize the impact of the FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 measurements in two independent NWP systems, which are now assimilating these measurements operationally. These are the United States Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) and the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). Both systems employ a 4‐dimensional variational system (4D‐Var), and assimilate GNSS‐RO bending angles. The experiments cover the period January to March 2020. The impact of the FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 measurements is assessed using improvements in short‐range forecast departures to other observations such as radiosonde and radiances, forecast error statistics against a verifying analysis, and adjoint based Forecast Sensitivity to Observation Impact (FSOI) estimates. The FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 measurement has a clear impact on stratospheric temperatures and winds in the tropics. A novel finding is that the measurements also improve the tropical tropospheric humidity fit to radiosondes, and the fit to tropospheric radiances sensitive to humidity. To date, the impact of GNSS‐RO on humidity has been difficult to demonstrate in well constrained, operational NWP systems assimilating the full suite of observations. The results are achieved with a conservative assimilation approach which extended the quality control and observation error assignments used for the previous COSMIC receivers; further, possible improvements to the assimilation strategy are noted.
A novel strategy of selective gene delivery by using a uniform magnetic field
Authors: Dateki Minori , Imamura Osamu , Arai Masaaki , Shimizu Hidehisa , Takishima Kunio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe application of a magnetic field to enhance the transfection efficiency has been reported to be mainly dependent on the magnetic force generated by a magnetic field gradient to attract paramagnetic bead‐conjugated carrier and polynucleotide complexes. This strategy has the advantage of targeting a point or an area on the culture vessel. However, it is difficult to target deeply placed tissues in vivo. Uniform magnetic field‐correlated effect is applicable to such a purpose. Here, we attempted to establish a novel procedure for uniform magnetic field‐dependent enhancement of transfection efficiency. We examined the effect of a 1.5 mT uniform magnetic field on cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and transfection efficiency mediated by a ROS‐sensitive transfection carrier. Our experimental results revealed that a 1.5 mT uniform magnetic field transiently decreased cellular ROS levels and strongly enhanced transfection efficiency mediated by polyethylenimine (PEI). The uniform magnetic field‐dependent enhancement of PEI‐mediated in vivo transfection was confirmed in the livers of mice. Local intensification of a uniform magnetic field in a culture dish resulted in selective gene delivery into cells on the target area. Although further examination and improvement are necessary for this procedure, our findings provide a novel option for spatial control of gene delivery.