bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHANGING HEALTH CULTURE AND MEDICAL PLURALISM IN THE RURAL CONTEXT: A CONFRONTATION OR A PUZZLE ?
Authors:   Nanjunda
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe health culture, and medical pluralism have a long history. Over the last 100 years many concepts, theories, findings have been given for the better understanding of health culture of human beings and the role of the society being. The majority of the theoretical approaches relating to the health and illness originally propounded by the western sociologists. Even today researchers in developing countries are heavily depending on western theories to explain sociology of health culture and medical pluralism. In developing countries, social class, caste, gender plays a vital role in accessing to suitable healthcare facilities. More than these the underlying political and economic forces also counts a lot. It is found that health culture, and medical pluralism are significantly helps us in better understanding people's concepts about onset of various diseases and its cure in a cross cultural framework. Right from the history, sociologists are attempting to find out how social and cultural factors influences in understanding of illness and diseases. The sociologists are also probing how social, economic, and cultural factors the acting and the choosing different health care system (pluralism). With this background this paper is to reveal authors personal experiences working on different health projects in several villages of Karnataka state south India. This paper concludes that health culture and medical pluralism in the rural part have largley been influenced by the emerging social and cultural factors under aegis of globalization in a new direction whhic requires new discourse.
Synthesis of Oxazoline and Oxazole Derivatives by Hypervalent-Iodine-Mediated Oxidative Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Saito Akio , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Yusubov Mekhman S. 
Published: May 2020

Organohypervalent iodine reagents are widely used for the preparation of various oxazolines, oxazoles, isoxazolines, and isoxazoles. In the formation of these heterocyclic compounds, hypervalent iodine species can serve as the activating reagents for various substrates, as well as the heteroatom donor reagents. In recent research, both chemical and electrochemical approaches toward generation of hypervalent iodine species have been utilized. The in situ generated active species can react with appropriate substrates to give the corresponding heterocyclic products. In this short review, we summarize the hypervalent-iodine­-mediated preparation of oxazolines, oxazoles, isoxazolines, and isoxazoles starting from various substrates.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Oxazolines3	Synthesis of Oxazoles4	Synthesis of Isoxazolines5	Synthesis of Isoxazoles6	Conclusion
Step-Economical C–H Activation Reactions Directed by In Situ Amidation
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Zhao Baoli 
Published: May 2020

Owing to the inherent ability of amides to chelate transition-metal catalysts, amide-directed C–H activation reactions constitute a major tactic in directed C–H activation reactions. While the conventional procedures for these reactions usually involve prior preparation and purification of amide substrates before the C–H activation, the step economy is actually undermined by the operation of installing the directing group (DG) and related substrate purification. In this context, directed C–H activation via in situ amidation of the crude material provides a new protocol that can significantly enhance the step economy of amide-directed C–H activation. In this short review, the advances in C–H bond activation reactions mediated or initiated by in situ amidation are summarized and analyzed.1	Introduction2	In Situ Amidation in Aryl C–H Bond Activation3	In Situ Amidation in Alkyl C–H Bond Activation4	Annulation Reactions via Amidation-Mediated C–H Activation5	Remote C–H Activation Mediated by Amidation6	Conclusion
Tertiary Enamides as Versatile and Valuable Substrates to Reach Chemical Diversity
Authors: Miesch Laurence , Beltran Frédéric 
Published: May 2020

Tertiary enamides display versatile reactivity and great stability compared to their enamine congeners. This review covers progress made in the development of new methods involving the enaminic reactivity of tertiary enamides with respect to the synthesis of complex nitrogen-containing compounds. A focus on the preparation of biologically active molecules is also presented. The syntheses reported herein are classified based on their reaction type. In addition, mechanistic insights are given for most of the new transformations.1	Introduction2	[2+2] Cycloadditions3	[4+2] Cycloadditions4	Electrocyclizations and Cycloisomerizations5	Sigmatropic Rearrangements6	Nucleophilic Additions7	Tertiary Enamides as Electrophiles8	Cross-Coupling Reactions9	Tertiary-Enamide-Assisted Reactions10	Conclusion and Perspectives
Basic Principles of Health-Related Quality of Life in Parents and Caregivers of Pediatric Surgical Patients with Rare Congenital Malformations—A Scoping Review
Authors: Witt Stefanie , Blömeke Janika , Bullinger Monika , Dingemann Jens , Quitmann Julia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction The diagnosis of a rare congenital malformation with necessary surgical treatment is an emotionally stressful event in a parent's life and may impact parental health-related quality of life (HrQoL). We aimed to review the literature on HrQoL in parents and caregivers of pediatric surgical patients with rare congenital malformations and summarize the results.
Materials and Methods For this scoping review, a literature search in PubMed was conducted from inception to November 21, 2019. Inclusion and exclusion criteria to select articles were defined a priori.
Results Four articles (published 2014–2018) describing HrQoL in parents of pediatric surgical patients with rare congenital malformations in comparison to population-based references or healthy control groups were identified. Only European studies were found, and sample sizes varied between 15 and 87 participants. Results for parental HrQoL yielded inconsistencies.
Conclusion So far, only a few studies with small sample sizes focus on parental HrQoL in pediatric surgical patients with rare congenital malformations. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of a rare congenital malformation on HrQoL of all family members, it is necessary to consider three main aspects: (1) to use both generic- and disease-specific instruments measuring HrQoL of the young patient as well as his/her parents and siblings in larger sample sizes, (2) to collect longitudinal data, and (3) to consider a mixed-method approach.
Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment in Children and their Families: Aspects of Importance to the Pediatric Surgeon
Authors: Bloemeke Janika , Witt Stefanie , Bullinger Monika , Dingemann Jens , Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Quitmann Julia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the growing amount of chronic and rare diseases in childhood that often require lifelong treatment, improvement of health-related quality of life is a major goal in therapy. Therefore, the assessment of health-related quality of life from the patient's perspective as a relevant outcome parameter in clinical practice gained increased recognition. Health-related quality of life measures are still rarely applied in the pediatric practice context, although progress has been made in the development of instruments that are now ready for implementation. Inclusion of measures in research and practice is needed to accumulate and critically appraise knowledge about health-related quality of life to broaden the understanding of the child's health status, impacting on the whole family. From the perspective of a pediatric surgeon, knowledge about health-related quality of life of the children and their parents is important since it might influence treatment decisions and facilitates patient-physician communication. This article will review the concept of health-related quality of life, its methodological challenges and the application, and the challenges of health-related quality of life instruments in pediatric practice and health services research.
Outcomes after Vena Cava Filter Use in Patients with Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism and Contraindications to Anticoagulation
Authors: Quezada Andrés , Muriel Alfonso , Jiménez David , Bikdeli Behnood , Aramberri Mario , López-Jiménez Luciano , Sahuquillo Joan Carles , Otero Remedios , Porfidia Angelo , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The association between the use of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) and outcomes among patients with cancer-associated thromboembolism (CT) and contraindications to anticoagulation remains unclear.
Methods In this prospective cohort study of patients with CT from the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica Registry, we assessed the association between IVCF insertion due to contraindication to anticoagulation and the outcomes of all-cause mortality, pulmonary embolism (PE)-related mortality, recurrent thromboembolism, and major bleeding rates through 30 days after initiation of treatment. We used propensity score matching to adjust for the likelihood of receiving a filter. For outcomes assessment, we implemented generalized estimating equation methods to incorporate the matched-pairs design, and adjusted for covariates that remained unbalanced after matching.
Results Of the 17,005 patients with CT, 270 underwent IVCF placement because of contraindication to anticoagulation. Of those, 247 were successfully matched with 247 patients treated without a filter. Propensity score-matched pairs showed a nonsignificantly lower risk of all-cause death (12.2% vs. 17.0%; p = 0.13), and a significantly lower risk of PE-related mortality (0.8% vs. 4.0%; p = 0.04) for patients receiving IVCFs compared with those who did not. While there was no significant difference in the rate of major bleeding (6.1% vs. 5.7%; p = 0.85), risk-adjusted recurrent rates were higher for patients who received IVCFs compared with those who did not (7.3% vs. 3.2%; p = 0.05).
Conclusion In patients with CT and a contraindication to anticoagulation, IVCF insertion was associated with a lower risk of PE-related death, and a higher risk of recurrences.
The count/mass distinction in Taurepang
Authors: Coutinho Costa Isabella 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a description of the count/mass distinction in Taurepang, a Cariban language spoken in Brazil and
Venezuela. The methodology used was based on Lima & Rothstein’s questionnaire (this volume). We show that Taurepang is a bare noun
language and that mass and count nouns can be pluralized. Despite nominal quantifiers have the same distribution, they show different
interpretation with count and mass nouns. As the data also shows that numerals distinguish count and mass nouns and that container phrases
trigger the count/measure interpretation, we assume here that the denotation of mass nouns in Taurepang cannot be count.
Compliment response behavior among Japanese-English bilinguals on Facebook
Authors: Ruiz-Tada Marina , Fernández-Villanueva Marta , Tragant Elsa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study examines compliment responses on Facebook produced by Japanese-English bilingual women who post photos of their manicures and pedicures – the objects of praise. It is based on a total of 178 responses directed towards Japanese monolinguals, (American) English monolinguals, and Japanese-English bilingual audiences. The responses were coded according to Holmes (1986) and Placencia, Lower, and Powell’s (2016) taxonomies of compliment response strategies. Results indicated that acceptance of compliments was the most common strategy used by the Japanese-English bilingual women in the study, followed by evasion, rejection, and no acknowledgement. The study also highlights the importance of further examining the online practices of bilinguals who interact with multilingual audiences in compliment response research.
“I want your brain”
Authors: Heaney Dermot Brendan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines complimenting behavior in Over by Over cricket commentary (OBO), a hybrid online genre with a conspicuous level of audience participation. The genre is defined and described and its social media credentials are assessed. The resulting picture is of an asymmetrical and time-bound virtual grouping in which simulated interactions between journalists and readers are increasingly to the fore.
A significant presence of compliments was noted in preliminary readings. For insights into their forms and function, a corpus of commentary on two days’ play in separate international cricket matches was analyzed for complimenting content. Contrary to findings in previous studies for other social media, although direct explicit compliments comprised the majority, most occurred in non-formulaic patterns. A number of explanations for this are proposed.
Modified self-praise in social media
Authors: Luo Mufan , Hancock Jeffrey T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Compliments that have the speaker as their referent can be referred to as self-praise. This chapter introduces humblebragging, a modified self-praise speech act that involves both an expression of self-promotion and a modesty element to convey favorable impressions to others. Drawing on literature in both pragmatics and social psychology, we examine the components of humblebrags and how humblebrags can influence impression formation, and we consider how this distinct form of self-praising behavior may be shaped by social media. Finally, we report on an empirical study of the perceptions of humblebrags that finds that humblebrags posted on Facebook are perceived as less honest than straightforward brags and that humblebraggers are viewed as less sincere than braggers, when they received negative social evaluations. The results reveal that humblebragging may undermine the goal of presenting oneself as sincere on social media.
Harvesting of Arthrospira platensis by flocculation with phytic acid from rice bran
Authors: Zhu Jiangyu , Wakisaka Minato 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The recovery of algal biomass is one of the critical steps involved in the commercial production of beneficial metabolites from Arthrospira platensis. Efficient and safe harvesting methods that do not sacrifice quality of final product are important for commercial application. Phytic acid (PA) is a natural non-toxic phytochemical widely distributed in plant tissues. Effect of PA from rice bran on the growth, trichome morphology such as spiral number and algal filament length, and harvesting efficiency of A. platensis were investigated. Cells aggregated into large cell flocs after the addition of PA in the medium, and algal spiral number and filament length increased. UV-vis spectra indicated the interactions between PA and algal cells. Adding PA at stationary growth phase is a good strategy for harvesting, since no adverse effect to biomass growth and harvesting efficiency. Harvesting efficiency of 95.69% at 0.5% (v/v) PA was superior to other conventional harvesting methodologies.

Abbreviations
PA: Phytic acid; PUFAs: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization; γ-PGA: Poly (γ-glutamic acid); CNF: Cellulose nanofibrils; NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies; SOT: Spirulina–Ogawa–Terui; CG: Control group; pI: Isoelectric point.
Collaborative crisis management: a plausibility probe of core assumptions
Authors: Parker Charles F , Nohrstedt Daniel , Baird Julia , Hermansson Helena , Rubin Olivier , Baekkeskov Erik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this article, we utilize the Collaborative Governance Databank to empirically explore core theoretical assumptions about collaborative governance in the context of crisis management. By selecting a subset of cases involving episodes or situations characterized by the combination of urgency, threat, and uncertainty, we conduct a plausibility probe to garner insights into a number of central assumptions and dynamics fundamental to understanding collaborative crisis management. Although there is broad agreement among academics and practitioners that collaboration is essential for managing complex risks and events that no single actor can handle alone, in the literature, there are several unresolved claims and uncertainties regarding many critical aspects of collaborative crisis management. Assumptions investigated in the article relate to starting-points and triggers for collaboration, level of collaboration, goal-formulation, adaptation, involvement and role of non-state actors, and the prevalence and impact of political infighting. The results confirm that crises represent rapidly moving and dynamic events that raise the need for adaptation, adjustment, and innovation by diverse sets of participants. We also find examples of successful behaviours where actors managed, despite challenging conditions, to effectively contain conflict, formulate and achieve shared goals, adapt to rapidly changing situations and emergent structures, and innovate in response to unforeseen problems.
A practical EPR dosimetry system for routine use in radiotherapy: uncertainty analysis of lithium formate dosimeters at the therapeutic dose level
Authors: Höfel Sebastian , Stehle Michael , Zwicker Felix , Fix Michael K , Drescher Malte 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry, solid dosimeter materials such as alanine (AL) or, more recently, lithium formate monohydrate (LFM) are typically used. These materials offer high potential for applications in radiotherapy based on their favorable dosimetric properties. Nevertheless, EPR dosimetry is not widespread in the clinics. This work presents an uncertainty analysis of EPR dosimetry in the dose range from 1 to 70 Gy using a compact spectrometer and applying a practical procedure being suitable for routine use in radiotherapy. The performances of self-pressed LFM pellets and commercial AL pellets are compared side by side.
All pellets had a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 2 mm (AL) or 4 mm (LFM). The mean pellet mass was 35.81 mg and 73.81 mg for AL and LFM, respectively. Before irradiation, the pellets were stored for at least 8 weeks at 34 ± 2% relative humidity. For irradiation, the pellets were put inside an airtight capsule. In total, 25 pellets per material were examined. The pellets were irradiated at a temperature of 25 ± 2.5 (2σ) °C to doses of either 1, 5, 20, 50 or 70 Gy (five pellets per dose value and material) by a clinical 6 MV photon beam. Measurement uncertainties were obtained from five independent readouts per pellet within five weeks following irradiation using a benchtop EPR spectrometer. The measurement time of a single readout was restricted to 10 min per pellet. Dose values were derived from EPR signal amplitudes using a specifically developed spectral fitting procedure. Signal fading characteristics were analyzed and taken into account during evaluation.
The relative dose uncertainties (1σ) for a single readout at doses ≥ 5 Gy are below 2.8% (AL) and 1.1% (LFM) but increase to 12.3% (AL) and 2.6% (LFM) at 1 Gy. By averaging five independent readouts, the uncertainties at 1 Gy decrease to 2.6% (AL) and 0.8% (LFM).
In terms of dose uncertainty, the LFM pellets are superior to the commercial AL pellets owing to their narrower EPR spectrum and approximately doubled mass resulting in higher EPR signal intensities. In case of the LFM pellets, the EPR dosimetry system shows a high level of precision (< 3%) down to 1 Gy being preferable for applications in radiotherapy. The uncertainties can be further decreased by averaging multiple dose values from independent readouts.
Single crystal growth and effects of Ni doping on the novel 12442-type iron-based superconductor RbCa2Fe4As4F2
Authors: Yi Xiaolei , Li Meng , Xing Xiangzhuo , Meng Yan , Zhao Caiye , Shi Zhixiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The recently discovered 12442-type iron-based superconductors (IBSs), ACa2Fe4As4F2 (A = K, Rb, Cs), are intrinsically self-hole doped stoichiometric compounds that exhibit superconductivity with T
c = 30–33.5 K. In this paper, single crystals of Ni doped RbCa2(Fe1−x
Ni
x
)4As4F2 with 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.1 have been successfully grown for the first time using a RbAs flux method and characterized by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and Hall effect measurements. EDS and XRD measurements suggest that the Ni dopants are successfully doped into the crystal lattice. Based on the electrical resistivity and magnetization data, we construct the T
c–x phase diagram. Furthermore, it is found that Ni dopants not only introduce extra electrons that modify the topology of Fermi surface, but also act as impurity scattering centers that contribute to the pair breaking effect, i.e., the superconducting transition temperature T
c is suppressed with a rate of ΔT
c/Ni-1% = −2.7 K. Intriguingly, such suppression of T
c and those in other similar hole doped IBSs, such as Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2, Ba0.5K0.5Fe2As2, and EuRbFe4As4 with multiple nodeless gaps, can be well scaled together. Combining with relevant experimental data reported so far, we speculate that the pairing symmetry in 12442 system is very likely to be nodeless s±-wave. Finally, doping evolution of the upper critical field and its anisotropy are investigated and discussed in detail. Upon Ni doping, the coherence length ξ
c(0) is gradually increased and becomes larger than the FeAs interbilayer distance when x > 0.07, indicating that the nature of superconductivity changes from quasi two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D). The anisotropy of the upper critical field γ
H close to T
c shows a nonmonotonic dependence on doping, which first increases from 6.7 at the pristine sample to its maximum 8.1 at x = 0.03, and then decreases to 3.7 at x = 0.09.
Efficient regeneration of rat calvarial defect with gelatin-hydroxyapatite composite cryogel
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Leng Huijie , Du Zhiyun , Huang Yiqian , Liu Xue , Zhao Zhenda , Zhang Xu , Cai Qing , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To induce bone regeneration efficiently, a properly designed organic-inorganic composite scaffold is necessary and important. Gelatin-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite is a suitable choice for the purpose because it can resemble the chemical composition of natural bone tissue. The gelatin-HA composite can be implanted into bone defects as a hydrogel or cryogel, however, it is interesting to know the effect of their different morphology on inducing osteogenesis in vivo. Herein, HA nanowire (HANW) reinforced photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) cryogel and hydrogel are prepared and comparatively investigated by being implanted into rat calvarial defects. The cryogel acts as a kind of sponge with interconnected macropores, allowing cell infiltration, as well as, displaying rapid shape recovery and excellent mechanical stability under cyclic compression loading. Conversely, the hydrogel is rigid and easily crushed during the first compression test, showing no shape recovery ability, instead inhibiting cell migration and spreading. Accordingly, the GelMA/HANW composite cryogel is able to promote osteogenesis significantly more in comparison with the corresponding hydrogel at six and 12 weeks post-implantation, as revealed by comprehensive evaluations using radiographic examination, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods. Neo-bone tissues have grown into the macroporous cryogel six and 12 weeks after the implantation, while the dense hydrogel prevents the tissue ingrowth, causing the newly formed sparse bone tissue to only elongate into the gaps between cracked hydrogel blocks. In summary, organic-inorganic macroporous cryogels demonstrate superiority for in vivo applications to induce bone regeneration.