bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential causal involvement of human auditory and frontal cortices in vocal motor control
Authors: Cardenas Araceli R. , Behroozmand Roozbeh , Kocsis Zsuzsanna , Gander Phillip E. , Nourski Kirill V. , Kovach C Christopher K. , Ibayashi Kenji , Pipoly Marco , Kawasaki Hiroto , Howard Matthew A. , Greenlee Jeremy D.W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpeech motor control requires integration of sensory and motor information. Bidirectional communication between frontal and auditory cortices is crucial for speech production, self-monitoring and motor control. We used cortical direct electrical stimulation (DES) to functionally dissect audio-motor interactions underlying speech production and motor control. Eleven neurosurgical patients performed a visually cued vocal task in which a short auditory feedback perturbation was introduced during vocalization. We evaluated the effect of DES on vocal initiation, voice fundamental frequency (F0) and feedback-dependent motor control. DES of frontal sites modulated vocal onset latencies. Stimulation of different inferior frontal gyrus sites elicited either shortening or prolongation of vocal latencies. DES distinctly modulated voice F0 at different vocalization stages. Frontal and temporal areas played an important role in setting voice F0 in the first 250 ms of an utterance, while Heschl’s gyrus was involved later when auditory input is available for self-monitoring. Vocal responses to pitch-shifted auditory feedback were mostly reduced by DES of non-core auditory cortices. Overall, we demonstrate that vocal planning and initiation are driven by frontal cortices, while feedback-dependent control relies predominantly on non-core auditory cortices. Our findings represent direct evidence of the role played by different auditory and frontal regions in vocal motor control.
Modelling fibrillogenesis of collagen-mimetic molecules
Authors: Hafner A. E. , Gyori N. G. , Bench C. A. , Davis L. K. , Šarić A. 
Published: June 2020

One of the most robust examples of self-assembly in living organisms is the formation of collagen architectures. Collagen type I molecules are a crucial component of the extracellular-matrix where they self-assemble into fibrils of well defined striped patterns. This striped fibrilar pattern is preserved across the animal kingdom and is important for the determination of cell phenotype, cell adhesion, and tissue regulation and signalling. The understanding of the physical processes that determine such a robust morphology of self-assembled collagen fibrils is currently almost completely missing. Here we develop a minimal coarse-grained computational model to identify the physical principles of the assembly of collagen-mimetic molecules. We find that screened electrostatic interactions can drive the formation of collagen-like filaments of well-defined striped morphologies. The fibril pattern is determined solely by the distribution of charges on the molecule and is robust to the changes in protein concentration, monomer rigidity, and environmental conditions. We show that the fibril pattern cannot be easily predicted from the interactions between two monomers, but is an emergent result of multi-body interactions. Our results can help address collagen remodelling in diseases and ageing, and guide the design of collagen scaffolds for biotechnological applications.Statement of SignificanceCollagen type I protein is the most abundant protein in mammals. It is a crucial component of the extracellular-matrix where it robustly self-assembles into fibrils of specific striped architectures that are crucial for the correct collagen function. The molecular features that determine such robust fibril architectures are currently not well understood. Here we develop a minimal coarse-grained model to connect the design of collagen-like molecules to the architecture of the resulting self-assembled fibrils. We find that the pattern of charged residues on the surface of molecules can drive the formation of collagen-like fibrils and fully control their architectures. Our findings can help understand changes in collagen architectures observed in diseases and guide the design of synthetic collagen scaffolds.
A transplantation experiment yields no evidence for phenotypic plasticity in shell band width inCepaea nemoralis
Authors: Schilthuizen Menno , Scheid Ruth K. , den Daas Lia J. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe common European grove snail,Cepaea nemoralis(Helicidae), has been a model species in genetics and evolutionary biology for over a century thanks largely to its genetic shell colour polymorphism. Although most aspects of its shell colour variation are known to be purely genetic, with little or no phenotypic plasticity involved, the width of the spiral bands has been suspected to display a certain amount of plasticity. To test this, we conducted a transplantation experiment, in which 548 growing banded snails were marked and transplanted, either within the same habitat (open or closed vegetation, displaying 19% and 61% band fusion, respectively) or between habitat types. The numbers recaptured were low: 8%, 5% after removal of individuals that had not grown. Based on these samples, we did not find any substantial influence of transplantation on band width.
Heterotrimeric PCNA Increases the Activity and Fidelity of Dbh, a Y-family Translesion DNA Polymerase Prone to Creating Single-Base Deletion Mutations
Authors: Wu Yifeng , Jaremko William , Wilson Ryan C. , Pata Janice D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDbh is a Y-family translesion DNA polymerase fromSulfolobus acidocaldarius, an archaeal species that grows in harsh environmental conditions. Biochemically, Dbh displays a distinctive mutational profile, creating single-base deletion mutations at extraordinarily high frequencies (up to 50%) in specific repeat sequences. In cells, however, Dbh does not appear to contribute significantly to spontaneous frameshifts in these same sequence contexts. This suggests that either the error-prone DNA synthesis activity of Dbh is reduced in vivo and/or Dbh is restricted from replicating these sequences. Here, we test the hypothesis that the propensity for Dbh to make single base deletion mutations is reduced through interaction with theS. acidocaldariusheterotrimeric sliding clamp processivity factor, PCNA-123. We first confirm that Dbh physically interacts with PCNA-123, with the interaction requiring both the PCNA-1 subunit and the C-terminal 10 amino acids of Dbh, which contain a predicted PCNA-interaction peptide (PIP) motif. This interaction stimulates the polymerase activity of Dbh, even on short, linear primer-template DNA by increasing the rate of nucleotide incorporation. This stimulation requires an intact PCNA-123 heterotrimer and a DNA duplex length of at least 18 basepairs, the minimal length predicted from structural data to bind to both the polymerase and the clamp. Finally, we find that PCNA-123 increases the fidelity of Dbh on a single-base deletion hotspot sequence 3-fold by promoting an increase in the rate of correct, but not incorrect, nucleotide addition and propose that PCNA-123 induces Dbh to adopt a more active conformation that is less prone to creating deletions during DNA synthesis.HighlightsPCNA increases the fidelity of Dbh polymerase on a deletion-hotspot sequence.The interaction stimulates incorporation of the correct, but not incorrect, nucleotide.A minimal duplex length of 18 bp is required for PCNA to stimulate polymerase activity.Structural modeling suggests that PCNA induces a conformational change in Dbh.
Baseline epidemiology and associated dog ecology study towards stepwise elimination of rabies in Kwara state, Nigeria
Authors: Al-Mustapha Ahmad Ibrahim , Tijani Abubakar Ahmed , Muftau Oyewo , Bamidele Folashade Onatola , Ibrahim Ahmed , Osu Muhammad Shuaib , Olugasa Babasola , Balogun Muhammad Shakir , Kia Grace , Mazeri Stella , Heikinheimo Annamari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding domestic dog population dynamics and ecology is necessary for any effective rabies control program. This study was conducted as part of the baseline epidemiological studies necessary for the establishment of the Kwara Rabies Rapid Alert System “KRRAS”. The aim of this study was to determine the dog population structure of Kwara State by assessing the dog ownership, vaccination status, and prevalence of dog bites.A total of 1,460 questionnaires were administered to respondents in the three senatorial zones of the state using Open Data Kit (ODK) between June 2019 to January 2020.Of the 1460 households surveyed, 293 (20.1%) owned at least one dog with an average of 2.25 dogs per household. The male to female ratio was 2.2:1 and 85% (n=250/293) of the owned dogs were local breeds. A total of 785 dogs was enumerated (659 dogs from 293 households and 126 free-roaming dogs) and 7811 persons which resulted in a dog-human ratio of 1:9.95. The estimated dog population is 376,789 (95% CI: 343,700 – 379,878). The dog anti-rabies vaccination coverage was 31% (n=92/293). The prevalence of dog-bite was 13% (n=193/1460) of which only 27% of the victims (n=61/225) received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The ethnicity of respondents had a significant impact on dog ownership. Yoruba’s more often (OR: 2.2-5; 95% CI: 1.2 − 12.4; p < 0.001) owned dogs than other tribes. The vaccination status of owned dogs was greatly impacted by the level of education of the respondents (OR: 5.03; 95% CI: 1.5073 − 16.8324; p<0.001); the breed of the dog with exotic dogs being more vaccinated (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 0.7150 − 10.857; p<0.001) and the confinement of the dog (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.1592 – 3.7037; p < 0.001). Always confined dogs were twice more vaccinated than non-confined dogs. The results of the study showed that the vaccination coverage needs to be increased, the number of dog bites needs to be reduced, the number of non-confined dogs needs to be reduced and stray dog control strategies need to be implemented. The findings of this study showed very low vaccination coverage for dogs which is below the 70-80% target recommended for herd immunity by the world health organization.
DotMotif: An open-source tool for connectome subgraph isomorphism search and graph queries
Authors: Matelsky Jordan K. , Reilly Elizabeth P. , Johnson Erik C. , Stiso Jennifer , Bassett Danielle S. , Wester Brock A. , Gray-Roncal William 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent advances in neuroscience have enabled the exploration of brain structure at the level of individual synaptic connections. These connectomics datasets continue to grow in size and complexity; methods to search for and identify interesting graph patterns offer a promising approach to quickly reduce data dimensionality and enable discovery. These graphs are often too large to be analyzed manually, presenting significant barriers to searching for structure and testing hypotheses. We combine graph database and analysis libraries with an easy-to-use neuroscience grammar suitable for rapidly constructing queries and searching for subgraphs and patterns of interest. Our approach abstracts many of the computer science and graph theory challenges associated with nanoscale brain network analysis and allows scientists to quickly conduct research at scale. We demonstrate the utility of these tools by searching for motifs on simulated data and real public connectomics datasets, and we share simple and complex structures relevant to the neuroscience community. We contextualize our findings and provide case studies and software to motivate future neuroscience exploration.
Design of optical imaging probes by screening of diverse substrate libraries directly in disease tissue extracts
Authors: Tholen Martina , Yim Joshua J. , Groborz Katarzyna , Yoo Euna , Martin Brock A. , van den Berg Nynke S. , Drag Marcin , Bogyo Matthew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorescently-quenched probes that are specifically activated in the cancer microenvironment have great potential application for diagnosis, early detection and surgical guidance. These probes are often designed to target specific enzymes associated with disease by direct optimization using single purified targets. However, this can result in painstaking chemistry efforts to produce a probe with suboptimal performance when appliedin vivo. We describe here an alternate, unbiased activity-profiling approach in which whole tissue extracts are used to directly identify optimal peptide sequences for probe design. Screening of mouse mammary tumor extracts with a hybrid combinatorial substrate library (HyCoSuL) identified a combination of natural and non-natural amino acid residues that could be used to generate highly efficient tumor-specific fluorescently quenched substrate probes. The most effective probe is significantly brighter than any of our previously reported tumor imaging probes designed for specific proteases and robustly discriminates tumor tissue from adjacent healthy tissue in a mouse model of cancer. Importantly, although the probes were developed by screening mouse mammary tumor tissues, they are able to effectively distinguish human ductal carcinomas from normal breast tissue with similar reactivity profiles to those observed in mouse tissues. This new strategy simplifies and enhances the process of probe optimization by direct screening in a tissue of interest without any a priori knowledge of enzyme targets. It has the potential to be applied to advance the development of probes for diverse disease states for which clinical or animal model tissues are available.
Time-series plasma cell-free DNA analysis reveals disease severity of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Chen Xinping , Lin Yu , Wu Tao , Xu Jinjin , Ma Zhichao , Sun Kun , Li Hui , Luo Yuxue , Zhang Chen , Chen Fang , Wang Jiao , Kuo Tingyu , Li Xiaojuan , Geng Chunyu , Lin Feng , Huang Chaojie , Hu Junjie , Yin Jianhua , Liu Ming , Tao Ye , Zhang Jiye , Ou Rijing , Xiao Furong , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Xu Xun , Fu Shengmiao , Jin Xin , Jiang Hongyan , Chen Ruoyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and death. Detection of individuals at high risk for critical condition is crucial for control of the disease. Herein, for the first time, we profiled and analyzed plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of mild and severe COVID-19 patients. We found that in comparison between mild and severe COVID-19 patients, Interleukin-37 signaling was one of the most relevant pathways; top significantly altered genes included POTEH, FAM27C, SPATA48, which were mostly expressed in prostate and testis; adrenal glands, small intestines and liver were tissues presenting most differentially expressed genes. Our data thus revealed potential tissue involvement, provided insights into mechanism on COVID-19 progression, and highlighted utility of cfDNA as a noninvasive biomarker for disease severity inspections.One Sentence SummaryCfDNA analysis in COVID-19 patients reveals severity-related tissue damage.
Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS coronavirus 2 in Belgium – a serial prospective cross-sectional nationwide study of residual samples (March – October 2020)
Authors: Herzog Sereina , De Bie Jessie , Abrams Steven , Wouters Ine , Ekinci Esra , Patteet Lisbeth , Coppens Astrid , De Spiegeleer Sandy , Beutels Philippe , Van Damme Pierre , Hens Niel , Theeten Heidi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo assess the evolving SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroincidence related to the national lock-down in Belgium, a nationwide seroprevalence study, stratified by age, sex and region using 3000-4000 residual samples was performed during 7 periods between 30 March and 17 October 2020. Residual sera from ambulatory patients were analyzed for IgG antibodies against S1 proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with a semi-quantitative commercial ELISA. Weighted seroprevalence (overall, by age category and sex) and seroincidence during 7 consecutive periods were estimated for the Belgian population while accommodating test-specific sensitivity and specificity.The weighted overall seroprevalence initially increased from 1.8% (95% CrI 1.0-2.6) to 5.3% (95% CrI 4.2-6.4), implying a seroincidence of 3.4% (95% CrI 2.4-4.6) between the 1st and 2nd collection period over a period of 3 weeks during the lockdown period (start lockdown mid March 2020). Thereafter, seroprevalence stabilized, however, significant decreases are observed when comparing the 3rd with the 5th and also with the 6th period resulting in negative seroincidence estimates after lockdown was lifted. We estimated for the last collection period mid October 2020 a weighted overall seroprevalence of 4.2% (95% CrI 3.1-5.2).During lockdown, an initial small but increasing fraction of the Belgian population showed serologically detectable signs of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, which did not further increase when confinement measures eased and full lockdown was lifted.
SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancy – does it affect the fetus?
Authors: Cour Freiesleben Nina la , Egerup Pia , Römmelmayer Hviid Kathrine Vauvert , Severinsen Elin Rosenbek , Kolte Astrid Marie , Westergaard David , Olsen Line Fich , Prætorius Lisbeth , Zedeler Anne , Christiansen Ann-Marie Hellerung , Nielsen Josefine Reinhardt , Bang Didi , Berntsen Sine , Ollé-López Joaquim , Ingham Andreas , Bello-Rodríguez Judith , Storm Ditte Marie , Ethelberg-Findsen Jeppe , Hoffmann Eva R , Wilken-Jensen Charlotte , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Westh Henrik , Løvendahl Jørgensen Henrik , Nielsen Henriette Svarre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral viral infections are known to be harmful to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy and can cause increased nuchal translucency thickness and pregnancy loss. Currently, no evidence exists regarding possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancies.MethodsCohort 1 included pregnant women with a double test taken between Feb. 17 and Apr. 23, 2020, during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic peak in Denmark. The double test was taken as part of the first trimester risk assessment. Cohort 2 included women with a first trimester pregnancy loss before double test. Serum from the double test or from a blood sample, in case of pregnancy loss, was analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The results were correlated to the nuchal translucency thickness and the number of pregnancy losses.ResultsIn total, 1,019 pregnant women with double test and 36 women with pregnancy loss participated in the study. Thirty (2.9%) women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum from the double test. All women with pregnancy loss prior to the double test were negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. There were no significant differences in nuchal translucency thickness for women testing positive (n=14) versus negative (p=0.20) or grey zone (n=16) versus negative (p=0.28). In total, 54 women experienced a pregnancy loss of whom two had grey zone or positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.ConclusionMaternal SARS-CoV-2 infection did not seem harmful in first trimester pregnancies. Infection had no effect on the nuchal translucency thickness and women with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were not overrepresented among women with pregnancy loss.
Quantifying hospital flows and occupancy due to COVID-19 outbreak in France. Was French lockdown effective?
Authors: Ternant David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContextThe spread of SARS-CoV-2 led to a rapid and deadly pandemic which reached almost all countries in the world in a few months. In most countries, rigorous measures of mitigation, including national or subnational lockdowns were established. The present work aimed at quantifying the effect of national lockdown in France on hospital occupancy.MethodsA compartmental model describing patient hospital flows was developed, where the effect of lockdown was quantified on the hospitalization rate. Model parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) modelling.ResultsFrench lockdown led to a hospitalization rate decreased by thrice from 12 days after its beginning. However, lockdown may not to have decreased either hospital occupancy or deaths in hospital, which would have been both decreased by 30% and 85% in average if lockdown was started 20 and 30 days before this date, respectively.ConclusionThe present work showed an intrinsic effect of lockdown to decrease hospital burden, but its efficacy on hospital burden may have been increased if established sooner.
Psychological ownership in social media influencer marketing
Authors: Pick Mandy 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Social media, especially social media-based influencer marketing, has become an important factor in consumer decision-making. Studies have recently begun investigating how influencers affect consumer behaviour. Despite the increasing interest, the purpose of this study is to examine influencers’ evaluation impact on consumer behaviour are scarce.

Design/methodology/approach
An online study undertook research to gain further understanding. Specifically, the study examines the following: firstly, the impact of consumers’ perceived influencer credibility (IC), using the source credibility model in respect of purchase intention, attitude towards advertising and product; secondly, the impact of the organizational behaviour concept psychological ownership (PO) on consumer behaviour by showing that the concept has significant positive effects on attitude towards the product and purchase intention like in prior research; thirdly, the perceived connection and relationship between the influencer and consumer to understand the relations.

Findings
The results show that perceived IC serves as a significant criterion, determining purchase intention, attitude towards advertising and product, while contributing an instrument for transferring convincing messages, which increase the perceived connection to the influencer and the PO feeling for a product and, thus, influence consumer behaviour positively.

Originality/value
Theories on source credibility and a connection to the PO concept allowed to develop a framework to assess the importance of IC and its influence on consumers’ perception of the products that influencers advertise to better understand the interactions in the influencer marketing context.
GDPR compliance: proposed technical and organizational measures for cloud provider
Authors: Georgiopoulou Zafeiroula , Makri Eleni-Laskarina , Lambrinoudakis Costas 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to give a brief guidance on what a cloud provider should consider and what further actions to take to comply with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents in detail the requirements for GDPR compliance of cloud computing environments, presents the GDPR roles (data controller and data processor) in a cloud environment and discusses the applicability of GDPR compliance requirements for each cloud architecture (Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, Software as a Service), proposes countermeasures for satisfying the aforementioned requirements and demonstrates the applicability of the aforementioned requirements and countermeasures to a PaaS environment offering services for building, testing, deploying and managing applications through cloud managed data centers. The applicability of the method has been demonstrated on in a PaaS environment that offers services for building, testing, deploying and managing applications through cloud managed data centers.

Findings
The results of the proposed GDPR compliance measures for cloud providers highlight the effort and criticality required from cloud providers to achieve compliance.

Originality/value