bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of topical red clover oil on knee osteoarthritis: A pilot prospective randomized triple‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mokhtari Masoud , Yousefi Mahdi , Bazaz Mojtaba M. , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Vahid Hamideh , Ariamanesh Amir S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA triple‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of topical red clover oil (containing standardized red clover extract in olive oil) on knee osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 80 patients, 50–80 years old, with primary knee OA were randomly allocated to two groups. The study group used topical red clover oil and the control group used olive oil for 4 weeks (20 drops twice a day). Both groups adhered to nonpharmacological American College of Rheumatology recommendations and took meloxicam tablets during the study (0–8 weeks), and were followed up from Week 4 to 8. Efficacy measures were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). At baseline, both groups were homogeneous regarding demographic characteristics. In addition, they were asked about the side effects during the intervention. The results showed that the WOMAC score and its subscales of pain and stiffness and function scores and VAS significantly increased over time in both groups (p < .001). The study group showed a significant increase regarding pain (p = .001), function (p = .010), VAS (p < .001), and the WOMAC total score (p = .018). No serious drug side effects were observed. Red clover oil may have positive effects on symptoms of knee OA and can be considered as a complementary treatment.
Fog in heterogeneous environments: the relative importance of local and non‐local processes on radiative‐advective fog formation
Authors: Ducongé L. , Lac C. , Vié B. , Bergot T. , Price J. D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 100 m resolution simulation of radiation fog observed during the Local And Non‐local Fog EXperiment (LANFEX) was performed over the Shropshire hills (UK) in order to understand the impact of local circulation on valley fog formation. The model correctly resolves all valleys and their different geometries, their associated dynamical features, and the different fog conditions between the measurement sites. Passage of stratocumulus during the night led to fog dissipation and gave the opportunity to study two fog formation stages. In the narrow valleys, fog formed at the valley floor and non‐local drainage‐flow processes acted to dissipate it. This equilibrium determined the fog optical thickness, which varied within and between valleys. Wider basins were more subject to dense fog conditions (due to local formation) than narrower valleys, where advecting fog events are locally observed through basins overflowing. The largest and most open valley of Jay Barns was impacted by numerous circulations from narrower tributary valleys, and their complex interactions affected fog formation differently between events. The impact of cloud microphysics on the simulated fog is studied by comparing simulations with one‐moment and two‐moment schemes. The use of a two‐moment scheme brings improvements when the prognostic number concentration is used to compute cloud optical properties, meaning that the radiative impact of droplet concentration is greater than its gravitational settling effect.
Robust marker detection and high precision measurement for real‐time anatomical registration using Taguchi method
Authors: Kaushik Abhishek , Dwarakanath T. A. , Bhutani Gaurav 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccurate autonomous marker detection and measurement is essential for high precision anatomical registration. The measurement should be in real‐time, accurate, and robust to the varied conditions of the operation theatre.MethodsThe purpose is to design and implement a robust real‐time algorithm to measure the coordinates of the point on the marker for robot‐based autonomous registration and surgery. The algorithm is built in two parts based on the recursive Taguchi method. The first part deals with the detection of markers. In the second part, the center of the marker is located, and the coordinates are measured by fitting the concentric ellipse.ResultsThree case studies are presented where the algorithm is tested for extreme conditions of uneven lighting, distorted color, surface distortions, and significant random orientation of the marker. The robustness of the algorithm in successfully detecting and measuring in real‐time is presented.ConclusionThe algorithm is successfully implemented for real‐time detection and coordinate measurement of the markers.
Cystic renal-epithelial derived induced pluripotent stem cells from polycystic kidney disease patients
Authors: Kenter Annegien T. , Rentmeester Eveline , Riet Job , Boers Ruben , Boers Joachim , Ghazvini Mehrnaz , Xavier Vanessa J. , Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Verhagen Paul C.M.S. , Til Marjan E. , Eussen Bert , Losekoot Monique , Klein Annelies , Peters Dorien J.M. , IJcken Wilfred F.J. , Werken Harmen J.G. , Zietse Robert , Hoorn Ewout J. , Jansen Gert , Gribnau Joost H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease, leading to kidney failure in most patients. In approximately 85% of cases, the disease is caused by mutations in PKD1. How dysregulation of PKD1 leads to cyst formation on a molecular level is unknown. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a powerful tool for in vitro modeling of genetic disorders. Here, we established ADPKD patient-specific iPSCs to study the function of PKD1 in kidney development and cyst formation in vitro. Somatic mutations are proposed to be the initiating event of cyst formation, and therefore, iPSCs were derived from cystic renal epithelial cells rather than fibroblasts. Mutation analysis of the ADPKD iPSCs revealed germline mutations in PKD1 but no additional somatic mutations in PKD1/PKD2. Although several somatic mutations in other genes implicated in ADPKD were identified in cystic renal epithelial cells, only few of these mutations were present in iPSCs, indicating a heterogeneous mutational landscape, and possibly in vitro cell selection before and during the reprogramming process. Whole-genome DNA methylation analysis indicated that iPSCs derived from renal epithelial cells maintain a kidney-specific DNA methylation memory. In addition, comparison of PKD1+/− and control iPSCs revealed differences in DNA methylation associated with the disease history. In conclusion, we generated and characterized iPSCs derived from cystic and healthy control renal epithelial cells, which can be used for in vitro modeling of kidney development in general and cystogenesis in particular.

Significance statement Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease, leading to kidney failure in most patients. In approximately 85% of cases, the disease is caused by mutations in PKD1. How dysregulation of PKD1 leads to cyst formation on a molecular level is unknown. The present study has generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of ADPKD patients to study the function of PKD1 in kidney development and cyst formation in vitro. The iPSCs revealed germline and autosomal mutations implicated in ADPKD and displayed an epigenetic memory of kidney epithelial cells, providing powerful models to study ADPKD in vitro.
Biofabrication of Diatom Surface by Tyrosine‐Metal Complexes:Smart Microcontainers to Inhibit Bacterial Growth
Authors: Singh Ramesh , Khan Mohd Jahir , Rane Jagdish , Gajbhiye Ashmita , Vinayak Vandana , Joshi Khashti Ballabh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study explores the potential of a highly biocompatible golden brown algal cell, diatom, as a drug carrier to the bacterial cell. The strong interaction between diatom and bacteria that occur in the microenvironment, lead us to pave the way for exciting new directions where diatom can be used to address several bacterial infections. The surface of diatom frustules was modified with self‐assembled antibacterial aromatic amino acid conjugates, Tyr‐ZnII. Microscopy and spectroscopy observations confirmed the deposition of Tyr‐ZnII over diatom frustules. Diatoms can work as living microcontainers to store the toxic metal (drug) ions and therefore can be utilized as potential drug delivery agents to kill the clinically relevant bacteria. Due to antibacterial property of zinc ions, Tyr‐ZnII conjugates inhibits bacterial growth and diatom frustules were utilized as Tyr‐ZnII carrier for controlled release of zinc to the bacterial cell.
A Versatile Route to Assemble Semiconductor Nanoparticles into Functional Aerogels by Means of Trivalent Cations
Authors: Zámbó Dániel , Schlosser Anja , Rusch Pascal , Lübkemann Franziska , Koch Julian , Pfnür Herbert , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract3D nanoparticle assemblies offer a unique platform to enhance and extend the functionality and optical/electrical properties of individual nanoparticles. Especially, a self‐supported, voluminous, and porous macroscopic material built up from interconnected semiconductor nanoparticles provides new possibilities in the field of sensing, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics. Herein, a method is demonstrated for assembling semiconductor nanoparticle systems containing building blocks possessing different composition, size, shape, and surface ligands. The method is based on the controlled destabilization of the particles triggered by trivalent cations (Y3+, Yb3+, and Al3+). The effect of the cations is investigated via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The macroscopic, self‐supported aerogels consist of the hyperbranched network of interconnected CdSe/CdS dot‐in‐rods, or CdSe/CdS as well as CdSe/CdTe core‐crown nanoplatelets is used to demonstrate the versatility of the procedure. The non‐oxidative assembly method takes place at room temperature without thermal activation in several hours and preserves the shape and the fluorescence of the building blocks. The assembled nanoparticle network provides longer exciton lifetimes with retained photoluminescence quantum yields, that make these nanostructured materials a perfect platform for novel multifunctional 3D networks in sensing. Various sets of photoelectrochemical measurements on the interconnected semiconductor nanorod structures also reveal the enhanced charge carrier separation.
Probabilistic durability design method for marine concrete structures based on characteristic subdomain model
Authors: Yang LuFeng , Hong Bin , Yu Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraditional methods for durability design of marine concrete structures usually select and estimate durability design parameters according to engineering experience due to lack of quantitative design model. In order to deal with this problem, a probabilistic durability design method was developed to determine the allowable values of durability design parameters for marine concrete structures. The characteristic subdomain model was proposed at first to provide an efficient and accurate way to describe the concentration profile of chloride ions within the large concrete structures with complex geometry. Then a deterministic three‐parameter design model was presented to estimate the durability design parameters of marine concrete structures, including the chloride diffusion coefficient, concrete cover thickness, and aging factor. Finally, a probabilistic durability design procedure was developed by taking into account the probabilistic durability limit state function and the predefined target reliability index rationally. A 150,000 ton wharf in the Beibu Gulf was taken as an example to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method reflects accurately the influences of geometry, material properties, and environmental conditions as well as their uncertainties on the durability performance, satisfying the requirement of service life of marine concrete structures under chloride environment.
A taxonomic revision of Lemna sect. Uninerves (Lemnaceae)
Authors: Bog Manuela , Sree K. Sowjanya , Fuchs Joerg , Hoang Phuong T.N. , Schubert Ingo , Kuever Jan , Rabenstein Andreas , Paolacci Simona , Jansen Marcel A.K. , Appenroth Klaus‐J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLemna sect. Uninerves Hegelm. consists of three species, Lemna minuta Kunth (synonym L. minuscula), L. valdiviana Phil. and L. yungensis Landolt. Lemna yungensis was discovered growing on rocks in the Yungas in Bolivia by E. Landolt and was described just 20 years ago. In the original description, Landolt reported that this species is closely related to L. valdiviana and that it is difficult to distinguish the three species on a morphological basis. Therefore, the taxonomic position and status of L. yungensis remained controversial. Here, we carried out a detailed taxonomic study, integrating approaches that include quantitative morphometry, metabolomic profiling by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) as well as molecular genetic analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and barcoding of plastidic sequences. We also investigated genome sizes of clones of the three species. Whereas L. minuta can easily be differentiated from L. valdiviana and L. yungensis, it was not possible to distinguish L. valdiviana from L. yungensis with any of the methods used. These data imply that L. yungensis is identical to L. valdiviana. Thus, the name L. yungensis should be synonymised with the name L. valdiviana, since this is the older name.
Hamilton–Jacobi equations for optimal control on multidimensional junctions with entry costs
Authors: Dao Manh-Khang , Djehiche Boualem 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider an infinite horizon control problem for dynamics constrained to remain on a multidimensional junction with entry costs. We derive the associated system of Hamilton–Jacobi equations (HJ), prove the comparison principle and that the value function of the optimal control problem is the unique viscosity solution of the HJ system. This is done under the usual strong controllability assumption and also under a weaker condition, coined ‘moderate controllability assumption’.
Comparative genomic analysis of inbred rat strains reveals the existence of ancestral polymorphisms
Authors: Kim Hyeonjeong , Yoshihara Minako , Suyama Mikita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn an alignment of closely related genomic sequences, the existence of discordant mutation sites, which do not reflect the phylogenetic relationship of the genomes, is often observed. Although these discordant mutation sites are thought to have emerged by ancestral polymorphism or gene flow, their frequency and distribution in the genome have not yet been analyzed in detail. Using the genome sequences of all protein coding genes of 25 inbred rat strains, we analyzed the frequency and genome-wide distribution of the discordant mutation sites. From the comparison of different substrains, it was found that these loci are not substrain specific, but are common among different groups of substrains, suggesting that the discordant sites might have mainly emerged through ancestral polymorphism. It was also revealed that the discordant sites are not uniformly distributed along chromosomes, but are concentrated at certain genomic loci, such asRT1, major histocompatibility complex of rats, and olfactory receptors, indicating that genes known to be highly polymorphic tend to have more discordant sites. Our results also showed that loci with a high density of discordant sites are also rich in heterozygous variants, even though these are inbred strains.
Use of social thermoregulation fluctuates with mast seeding and reproduction in a pulsed resource consumer
Authors: Ruf Thomas , Bieber Claudia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEdible dormice (Glis glis) can remain entirely solitary but frequently share sleeping sites with conspecifics in groups of up to 16 adults and yearlings. Here, we analysed grouping behaviour of 4564 marked individuals, captured in a 13-year study in nest boxes in a deciduous forest. We aimed to clarify (i) whether social thermoregulation is the primary cause for group formation and (ii) which factors affect group size and composition. Dormice temporarily formed both mixed and single-sex groups in response to acute cold ambient temperatures, especially those individuals with small body mass. Thus, thermoregulatory huddling appears to be the driving force for group formation in this species. Huddling was avoided—except for conditions of severe cold load—in years of full mast seeding, which is associated with reproduction and high foraging activity. Almost all females remained solitary during reproduction and lactation. Hence, entire populations of dormice switched between predominantly solitary lives in reproductive years to social behaviour in non-reproductive years. Non-social behaviour pointed to costs of huddling in terms of competition for local food resources even when food is generally abundant. The impact of competition was mitigated by a sex ratio that was biased towards males, which avoids sharing of food resources with related females that have extremely high energy demands during lactation. Importantly, dormice preferentially huddled in male-biased groups with litter mates from previous years. The fraction of related individuals increased with group size. Hence, group composition partly offsets the costs of shared food resources via indirect fitness benefits.
Defining the solution space to accelerate climate change adaptation
Authors: Haasnoot Marjolijn , Biesbroek Robbert , Lawrence Judy , Muccione Veruska , Lempert Robert , Glavovic Bruce 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDecision makers need better insights about solutions to accelerate adaptation efforts. Defining the concept of solution space and revealing the forces and strategies that influence this space will enable decision makers to define pathways for adaptation action.
Gorillas’ (Gorilla g. gorilla) knowledge of conspecifics’ affordances: intraspecific social tool use for food acquisition
Authors: Prieur Jacques , Pika Simone 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of tools, long thought to be uniquely human, has now been observed in other animal taxa including several species of birds, non-primate mammals as well as some non-human primate species. Chimpanzees, one of humankind’s closest living relatives, exceed all other non-human animal species as they have been reported to use an exceptionally large toolkit. However, relatively little is known about the tool-use skills of the other great ape species. While the majority of tools described are inanimate objects, the use of social tools has received relatively little attention. Here we provide the first evidence of naturally occurring spontaneous exploitative behaviour of a conspecific as a social tool for food acquisition in non-human animals. We observed gorillas in captivity utilising a conspecific as a ladder to gain access to unreachable food. We discuss our findings in the light of other studies on social tool use and suggest the need for more nuanced interpretations of gorillas’ cognitive skills.
Testing and validating IRI-2016 model over Ethiopian ionosphere
Authors: Endeshaw Lake 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the validation of the latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2016) model in predicting the vertical total electron content (VTEC) variation over Ethiopian ionospheric region during a high solar activity (2012-2016) phase. The diurnal, monthly and seasonal VTEC variations were analyzed from dual-frequency global positioning system (GPS) and IRI-2016 model at the Debark station. The diurnal, monthly and seasonal maximum TEC values measured between around 9:00 and 18:00 UT (12:00 and 21:00 LT) hours and the minimum TEC values measured before 9:00 (12:00 LT) and after 18:00 UT (21:00 LT). The overall results show that IRI-2016 model generally overestimates the diurnal, monthly and seasonal mean VTEC values during the high solar activity (2012-2016) phase. The model prediction generally follows that the monthly and seasonal variations of the measured VTEC values in equinoctial months are higher than solstice months. The monthly mean and seasonal mean values of IRI-TEC and GPS-TEC mostly correlates before early morning and after evening hours and also slightly IRI-TEC underestimates starting from morning hours up to evening hours. The magnetic storm effects on GPS-TEC are associated with fluctuations. However, the IRI-TEC values show smooth pattern during both in storm on and off options. Consequently, the IRI-2016 model does not correctly respond to the effects of the resulting storm disturbance.
Elevational gradients of species richness, community structure, and niche occupation of tropical rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae) across mountain slopes in Northern Thailand
Authors: Betz Oliver , Srisuka Wichai , Puthz Volker 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe evaluated patterns of species richness, heterogeneity, niche occupation, and community structuring/similarity of staphylinid beetles of the subfamily Steninae across a 2500-m elevational gradient of a tropical mountain area in Northern Thailand. Predaceous Steninae were collected from a variety of habitat types. Increasing Sørensen dissimilarity with increasing elevation was explained by both species turnover (especially across the lower elevational zones) and declining numbers of species (especially across elevations > 1400 m). Unlike the strong decline of the number of species with increasing elevation, species density (i.e., total number of species divided by the number of collection sites at the respective elevational zone) showed a much smoother decline suggesting that the negative gradient in the number of species was superimposed by a land-area effect inherent in mountain shape. In both the litter-inhabiting species and waterfall-associated species, the numbers of species showed a mid-elevational peak. Species frequency was positively correlated to both elevational (“Dianous” andStenus) and habitat niche width (Stenusonly).Stenusshowed high interspecific variety of wide to narrow niche widths for both elevation and habitat. Numbers of Palearctic and Oriental species deviated from statistical expectation, suggesting that climate niche conservatism has played a role in their elevational distribution. The distributional patterns of “Dianous” beetles, with their strong hygrobiont preferences associated with rocks in running water and waterfalls, are potentially explained by source–sink dynamics along mountain streams.
Essence, modality, and intrinsicality
Authors: Bovey Gaétan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKit Fine (Philos Perspect 8:1–16, 1994) famously objected against the idea that essence can be successfully analyzed in terms ofde renecessity. In response, I want to explore a novel, interesting, but controversial modal account of essence in terms ofintrinsicalityandgrounding. In the first section, I will single out two theoretical requirements that any essentialist theory should meet—theessentialist desideratumand theessentialist challenge—in order to clarify Fine’s objections. In the second section, I will assess Denby’s improved modal account, which appeals to the notion of intrinsicality, and argue that it is untenable. In the third section, I will explain how, when combined with a modal-existential criterion, a hyperintensional account of intrinsicality—in the same vein as Bader (J Philos 110(10):525–563, 2013) and Rosen (in: Hale and Hoffman (eds) Modality: Metaphysics, logic, and epistemology, Oxford, OUP, 2010)—can help successfully address Fine’s counterexamples. In the fourth section, I will evaluate how this novel analysis of essence stands with respect to sortal, origin, and natural kinds essentialism and discuss potential objections and difficulties.