bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wie setzen sich angehende Lehrkräfte mit pädagogischen Situationen auseinander? Eine Analyse von Argumentationsstrukturen und genutzten Informationen
Authors: Trempler Kati , Hartmann Ulrike 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie kritische Auseinandersetzung mit pädagogischen Situationen ist eine bildungsrelevante Fähigkeit, die Lehrkräfte ihren Schülerinnen und Schülern vermitteln und die sie selbst im Sinne einer evidenzorientierten Praxis nutzen sollten, um ihre eigenen Entscheidungen in Bezug auf ihr professionelles Handeln zu begründen. Kritisches Denken zeigt sich in der Fähigkeit zu argumentieren und in der Art der genutzten Informationen (z. B. wissenschaftliches Wissen, Erfahrungen). Die Wahrnehmung, Darstellung und argumentative Abwägung verschiedener Positionen und Informationen weist insbesondere auf kritische Denkprozesse hin. In der vorliegenden Studie stellen wir daher die Fragen, (1) ob Lehramtsstudierende bei der schriftlichen und individuellen Auseinandersetzung mit pädagogischen Situationen argumentieren und wenn ja, welche Struktur diese Argumentationen aufweisen, (2) welche Informationen sie bei der Auseinandersetzung mit pädagogischen Situationen nutzen und (3) in welchem Zusammenhang genutzte Informationen mit der Argumentationsstruktur stehen. Wir analysierten 87 schriftliche Auseinandersetzungen von Studierenden im Master of Education, in denen sie eine schulische Situation auswählen, beschreiben und erklären sollten, und werteten diese Einträge mit einem qualitativ-quantifizierenden Vorgehen aus. Es wurden die Argumentationsstruktur (non-argumentation, einseitige Argumentation, zweiseitige Argumentation) sowie die Informationsintegration (intern, extern, intern und extern) mit einem eigens entwickelten Kodierschema untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lehramtsstudierende vor allem einseitig argumentieren; ein Viertel der Studierenden integriert verschiedene Positionen im Sinne einer zweiseitigen Argumentation. Zudem nutzen Studierende bei der schriftlichen Auseinandersetzung größtenteils externe Informationen (z. B. Lehrbücher). Die Fähigkeit zweiseitig zu argumentieren steht darüber hinaus in Zusammenhang mit der Informationsintegration. Die Ergebnisse werden kritisch in Hinblick auf die Konsequenzen für die Lehrerbildung diskutiert.
The influence of environmental factors on species composition and distribution in a community forest in Northern Thailand
Authors: Thammanu Siriluck , Marod Dokrak , Han Hee , Bhusal Narayan , Asanok Lamthai , Ketdee Pipat , Gaewsingha Noppakoon , Lee Seunghyun , Chung Joosang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the environmental factors that influence tree species composition is essential for successful management of biodiversity and sustainable use of community forest resources. This study aims to assess tree species composition and distribution in the deciduous Ban Mae Chiang Rai Lum Community Forest in Northern Thailand and to analyze the influence of environmental factors on tree biodiversity in the forest. We conducted a stratified systematic sampling of the forest’s total area of 3925 ha, and twenty-five 0.16 ha survey plots were established in three different stands of the deciduous forests to estimate and characterize the difference in biological diversity among the stands. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to investigate the environment factors affecting such differences in biodiversity of the stands. The results showed a high diversity of trees in the forest as 197 species, 144 genera, and 62 plant families were recorded. The CCA ordination identified the environmental factors—the most important of which were elevation, distance to streams, soil moisture, organic matter, and distance to communities—that significantly influenced the diversity and distribution of tree species (p < 0.05) in the community forest. Our findings indicate that the implementation of drought reduction measures such as building check dams, fire protection, and monitoring community forest-product usage would be recommended to further biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of community forest resources.
How Exactly Did the Nose Get That Long? A Critical Rethinking of the Pinocchio Effect and How Shape Changes Relate to Landmarks
Authors: Klingenberg Christian Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Pinocchio effect has long been discussed in the literature on geometric morphometrics. It denotes the observation that Procrustes superimposition tends to distribute shape changes over many landmarks, even though a different superimposition may exist for the same landmark configurations that concentrates changes in just one or a few landmarks. This is widely seen as a flaw of Procrustes methods. Visualizations illustrating the Pinocchio effect use a comparison of the same pair of shapes superimposed in two different ways: in a resistant-fit superimposition that concentrates the shape difference in just one or a few landmarks, and in Procrustes superimposition, which distributes differences over most or all landmarks. Because these superimpositions differ only in the non-shape aspects of size, position and orientation, they are equivalent from the perspective of shape analysis. Simulation studies of the Pinocchio effect usually generate data, either single pairs or larger samples of landmark configurations, in a particular superimposition so that differences occur mostly or exclusively at just one or a few landmarks, but no steps are taken to remove variation from size, position and orientation. When these configurations are then compared with Procrustes-superimposed data, differences appear and are attributed to the Pinocchio effect. Overall, it is ironic that all manifestations of the Pinocchio effect in one way or another rely on differences in the non-shape properties of position and orientation. Rigorous thinking about shape variation and careful choice of visualization methods can prevent confusion over this issue.
Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Ismaila Ammaru , Chen Xueli , Gao Xin , Fan Xiaolei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThermodynamic chemical equilibrium analysis of steam reforming of glycerol (SRG) for selective hydrogen production was performed based on the Gibbs free energy minimisation method. The ideal SRG reaction (C3H8O3+ 3H2O → 3CO2+7H2) and a comprehensive set of side reactions during SRG are considered for the formation of a wide range of products. Specifically, this work focused on the analysis of formation of CO2, CO and CH4 in the gas phase and determination of the carbon free region in SRG under the conditions at atmospheric pressure, 600 K–1100 K and 1.013 × 105–1.013 × 106 Pa with the steam-to-glycerol feed ratios (SGFR) of 1:5–10. The reaction conditions which favoured SRG for H2 production with minimum coke formation were identifies as: atmospheric pressure, temperatures of 900 K–1050 K and SGFR of 10:1. The influence of using the inert carrier gas (i.e., N2) in SRG was studied as well at atmospheric pressure. Although the presence of N2 in the stream decreased the partial pressure of reactants, it was beneficial to improve the equilibrium yield of H2. Under both conditions of SRG (with/without inert gas), the CH4 production is minimised, and carbon formation was thermodynamically unfavoured at steam rich conditions of SGFR > 5:1.
Anti-inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Rhein, an Anthraquinone Compound, and Its Applications in Treating Arthritis: A Review
Authors: Wang Hongjuan , Yang Dezhi , Li Li , Yang Shiying , Du Guanhua , Lu Yang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive response of living tissues to damaging agents, which exists in two forms, acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, and chronic inflammation is closely related to arthritis. Currently, the commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory medications are greatly limited by high incidence of gastrointestinal erosions in the clinical applications. Rhein, a bioactive constituent of anthraquinone, exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory activities and therapeutic effects on arthritis with less gastrointestinal damages. Although there are numbers of studies on anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of rhein in the last few decades, to the best of our knowledge, only a few review articles pay attention to the interactive relationships of rhein on multiple inflammatory signaling pathways and cellular processes from a comprehensive perspective. Herein, we summarized anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of rhein and its practical applications in the treatment of arthritis, thereby providing a reference for its basic researches and clinical applications.
Spatiotemporal Trend Analysis of Precipitation Extremes in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam During 1980–2017
Authors: Quan Nguyen Trong , Khoi Dao Nguyen , Hoan Nguyen Xuan , Phung Nguyen Ky , Dang Thanh Duc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the spatiotemporal variability of trends in extreme precipitation events in Ho Chi Minh City during the period 1980–2017 was analyzed based on several core extreme precipitation indices (Rx1day, Rx5day, CDD, CWD, R20mm, R25mm, R95p, and SDII). The non-parametric Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope methods were used to compute the statistical strength, stability, and magnitude of trends in annual rainfall, as well as the extreme precipitation indices. We found that 64% of the stations had statistically significant upward trends in yearly rainfall, with high magnitudes frequently observed in the northern and southern regions of the city. For the extreme precipitation indices, only SDII and R25mm showed dominantly significant trends. Additionally, there were increasing trends in the frequency and duration at the southern and central regions of the city during the study period. Furthermore, El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation positively correlated with the duration and negatively correlated with the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation. Thus, water management plans should be adjusted appropriately to reduce the severe impacts of precipitation extremes on communities and ecosystems.
Participatory Mapping and Visualization of Local Knowledge: An Example from Eberbach, Germany
Authors: Klonner Carolin , Usón Tomás J. , Aeschbach Nicole , Höfle Bernhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA rise in the number of flood-affected people and areas has increased the interest in new methods and concepts that account for this change. Citizens are integrated into disaster risk reduction processes through participatory approaches and can provide valuable up-to-date local knowledge. During a field study in Eberbach (Baden–Wuerttemberg, Germany) sketch maps and questionnaires were used to capture local knowledge about flooding. Based on a previous study on urban flooding in Santiago de Chile, the tools were adapted and applied to river flooding in the city of Eberbach, which is regularly flooded by the Neckar River, a major river in southwest Germany. The empirical database of the study comprises 40 participants in the study area and 40 in a control area. Half of the participants in each group are residents and half are pedestrians. Purposive sampling was used, and the questionnaires aimed to gather demographic information and explore what factors, such as property, influence the risk perception of the study participants. The results show that residents identify a larger spatial area as at risk than pedestrians, and owning property leads to higher risk awareness. The flood type influenced the choice of the base maps for the sketch maps. For river flooding, one map with an overview of the area was sufficient, while for urban flooding a second map with more details of the area also enables the marking of small streets. The information gathered can complement authoritative data such as from flood models. This participatory approach also increases the communication and trust between local governments, researchers, and citizens.
Komorbiditäten bei Cushing-Syndrom – sind mit der Grunderkrankung auch die Folgeerkrankungen geheilt?
Authors: Schernthaner-Reiter Marie Helene , Vila Greisa 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Cushing-Syndrom (CS) ist mit einer Vielzahl an Komorbiditäten assoziiert, die oft auch nach Krankheitsremission persistieren. Diese Komorbiditäten sind die Hauptursache für das erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Risiko und die hohe Mortalitätsrate, nicht nur bei aktiver Erkrankung, sondern auch nach Heilung. Die medizinische Versorgung der Patienten mit CS sollte nicht nur die Therapie der Hypercortisolämie zum Ziel haben, sondern auch eine lebenslange Diagnose und Therapie aller CS-assoziierten Komorbiditäten beinhalten.
Sporotrichosis in Mexico
Authors: Toriello Conchita , Brunner-Mendoza Carolina , Ruiz-Baca Estela , Duarte-Escalante Esperanza , Pérez-Mejía Amelia , del Rocío Reyes-Montes María 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSporotrichosis is an endemic mycosis caused by the species of theSporothrixgenus, and it is considered one of the most frequent subcutaneous mycoses in Mexico. This mycosis has become a relevant fungal infection in the last two decades. Today, much is known of its epidemiology and distribution, and its taxonomy has undergone revisions. New clinical species have been identified and classified through molecular tools, and they now includeSporothrix schenckii sensu stricto,Sporothrix brasiliensis,Sporothrix globosa, andSporothrix luriei. In this article, we present a systematic review of sporotrichosis in Mexico that analyzes its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and diagnosis. The results show that the most common clinical presentation of sporotrichosis in Mexico is the lymphocutaneous form, with a higher incidence in the 0–15 age range, mainly in males, and for which trauma with plants is the most frequent source of infection. In Mexico, the laboratory diagnosis of sporotrichosis is mainly carried out using conventional methods, but in recent years, several researchers have used molecular methods to identify theSporothrixspecies. The treatment of choice depends mainly on the clinical form of the disease, the host’s immunological status, and the species ofSporothrixinvolved. Despite the significance of this mycosis in Mexico, public information about sporotrichosis is scarce, and it is not considered reportable according to Mexico’s epidemiological national system, the “Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica.” Due to the lack of data in Mexico regarding the epidemiology of this disease, we present a systematic review of sporotrichosis in Mexico, between 1914 and 2019, that analyzes its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and diagnosis.
Inter-organisational patent opposition network: how companies form adversarial relationships
Authors: Kito Tomomi , Moriya Nagi , Yamanoi Junichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMuch of the research on networks using patent data focuses on citations and the collaboration networks of inventors, hence regarding patents as a positive sign of invention. However, patenting is, most importantly, a strategic action used by companies to compete with each other. This study sheds light on inter-organisational adversarial relationships in patenting for the first time. We constructed and analysed the network of companies connected via patent opposition relationships that occurred between 1980 and 2018. A majority of the companies are directly or indirectly connected to each other and hence form the largest connected component. We found that, in the network, many companies disapprove patents in various industrial sectors as well as those owned by foreign companies. The network exhibits heavy-tailed, power-law-like degree distribution, and assortative mixing. We further investigated the dynamics of the formation of this network by conducting a temporal network motif analysis, with patent co-ownership among the companies being considered. By regarding opposition as a negative relationship and patent co-ownership as a positive relationship, we analysed where collaboration may occur in the opposition network and how such positive relationships would interact with negative relationships. The results identified the structurally imbalanced triadic motifs and the temporal patterns of the occurrence of triads formed by a mixture of positive and negative relationships. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms of the emergence of the inter-organisational adversarial relationships may differ from those of other types of negative relationships, hence necessitating further research.
Recent Advances in Understandings Towards Pathogenesis and Treatment for Intrauterine Adhesion and Disruptive Insights from Single-Cell Analysis
Authors: Leung Ross Ka-Kit , Lin Yixin , Liu Yanhui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntrauterine adhesion is a major cause of menstrual irregularities, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy losses and the progress towards its amelioration and therapy is slow and unsatisfactory. We aim to summarize and evaluate the current treatment progress and research methods for intrauterine adhesion. We conducted literature review in January 2020 by searching articles at PubMed on prevention and treatment, pathogenesis, the repair of other tissues/organs, cell plasticity, and the stem cell–related therapies for intrauterine adhesion. A total of 110 articles were selected for review. Uterine cell heterogeneity, expression profile, and cell-cell interaction were investigated based on scRNA-seq of uterus provided by Human Cell Landscape (HCL) project. Previous knowledge on intrauterine adhesion (IUA) pathogenesis was mostly derived from correlation studies by differentially expressed genes between endometrial tissue of intrauterine adhesion patients/animal models and normal endometrial tissue. Although the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway was suggested as the key driver for IUA pathogenesis, uterine cell heterogeneity and distinct expression profile among different cell types highlighted the importance of single-cell investigations. Cell-cell interaction in the uterus revealed the central hub of endothelial cells interacting with other cells, with endothelial cells in endothelial to mesenchymal transition and fibroblasts as the strongest interaction partners. The potential of stem cell–related therapies appeared promising, yet suffers from largely animal studies and nonstandard study design. The need to dissect the roles of endometrial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts and their interaction is evident in order to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms in both intrauterine adhesion pathogenesis and treatment.
Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) Profile Association with Patient Outcome in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cases
Authors: Oliveira Douglas V. N. P. , Prahm Kira P. , Christensen Ib J. , Hansen Anker , Høgdall Claus K. , Høgdall Estrid V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the second most frequent type of gynecological cancers worldwide. In the past decades, the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers available for OC has been limited, reflecting by the lack of specificity of such markers or very costly management. Microarray expression profiling has shown very effective results in exploring new molecular markers for patients with OC. Nonetheless, most screenings are focused on mutations or expression of molecules that are translated into proteins, corresponding to only 2% of the total human genome. In order to account for the vast majority of transcripts, in the present exploratory study, we assessed the expression levels of a comprehensive panel of noncoding RNA in different subtypes of OC. We further evaluated their association with patient overall survival (OS) and aggressive forms of the disease, such as tumor type, stage, and chemotherapy resistance. By microarray profiling in a total of 197 epithelial OC patients (162 serous carcinomas, 15 endometrioid carcinomas, 11 mucinous carcinomas, and 9 clear cell carcinomas), we found two candidates, SNORA68 and SNORD74, which associated with OS and poor clinicopathological features. The overexpression of those two targets combined was correlated with shorter OS and progression-free survival. That association was further observed to correlate with a more aggressive form of the disease. Overall, the results indicate that a panel comprised of SNORA68 and SNORD74 may be clinically relevant, where patients could be offered a more individualized, targeted follow-up, given its further validation on future prospective clinical studies.
Topological flows for hyperbolic groups
Authors: TANAKA RYOKICHI 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe show that for every non-elementary hyperbolic group the Bowen–Margulis current associated with a strongly hyperbolic metric forms a unique group-invariant Radon measure class of maximal Hausdorff dimension on the boundary square. Applications include a characterization of roughly similar hyperbolic metrics via mean distortion.
THE KIM–PILLAY THEOREM FOR ABSTRACT ELEMENTARY CATEGORIES
Authors: KAMSMA MARK 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe introduce the framework of AECats (abstract elementary categories), generalizing both the category of models of some first-order theory and the category of subsets of models. Any AEC and any compact abstract theory (“cat”, as introduced by Ben-Yaacov) forms an AECat. In particular, we find applications in positive logic and continuous logic: the category of (subsets of) models of a positive or continuous theory is an AECat. The Kim–Pillay theorem for first-order logic characterizes simple theories by the properties dividing independence has. We prove a version of the Kim–Pillay theorem for AECats with the amalgamation property, generalizing the first-order version and existing versions for positive logic.
WEIHRAUCH GOES BROUWERIAN
Authors: BRATTKA VASCO , GHERARDI GUIDO 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove that the Weihrauch lattice can be transformed into a Brouwer algebra by the consecutive application of two closure operators in the appropriate order: first completion and then parallelization. The closure operator of completion is a new closure operator that we introduce. It transforms any problem into a total problem on the completion of the respective types, where we allow any value outside of the original domain of the problem. This closure operator is of interest by itself, as it generates a total version of Weihrauch reducibility that is defined like the usual version of Weihrauch reducibility, but in terms of total realizers. From a logical perspective completion can be seen as a way to make problems independent of their premises. Alongside with the completion operator and total Weihrauch reducibility we need to study precomplete representations that are required to describe these concepts. In order to show that the parallelized total Weihrauch lattice forms a Brouwer algebra, we introduce a new multiplicative version of an implication. While the parallelized total Weihrauch lattice forms a Brouwer algebra with this implication, the total Weihrauch lattice fails to be a model of intuitionistic linear logic in two different ways. In order to pinpoint the algebraic reasons for this failure, we introduce the concept of a Weihrauch algebra that allows us to formulate the failure in precise and neat terms. Finally, we show that the Medvedev Brouwer algebra can be embedded into our Brouwer algebra, which also implies that the theory of our Brouwer algebra is Jankov logic.