bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling sparse longitudinal data on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Dai Xiongtao , Lin Zhenhua , Müller Hans‐Georg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModern data collection often entails longitudinal repeated measurements that assume values on a Riemannian manifold. Analyzing such longitudinal Riemannian data is challenging, because of both the sparsity of the observations and the nonlinear manifold constraint. Addressing this challenge, we propose an intrinsic functional principal component analysis for longitudinal Riemannian data. Information is pooled across subjects by estimating the mean curve with local Fréchet regression and smoothing the covariance structure of the linearized data on tangent spaces around the mean. Dimension reduction and imputation of the manifold‐valued trajectories are achieved by utilizing the leading principal components and applying best linear unbiased prediction. We show that the proposed mean and covariance function estimates achieve state‐of‐the‐art convergence rates. For illustration, we study the development of brain connectivity in a longitudinal cohort of Alzheimer's disease and normal participants by modeling the connectivity on the manifold of symmetric positive definite matrices with the affine‐invariant metric. In a second illustration for irregularly recorded longitudinal emotion compositional data for unemployed workers, we show that the proposed method leads to nicely interpretable eigenfunctions and principal component scores. Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.
Permeability of Neotropical agricultural lands to a key native ungulate—Are well‐connected forests important?
Authors: Jorge Maria Luisa S. P. , Bradham Jennifer L. , Keuroghlian Alexine , Oshima Júlia Emi F. , Ribeiro Milton Cezar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMuch of what remains of the Earth's tropical forests is embedded within agricultural landscapes, where forest is reduced and fragmented. As native forest ungulates are critical to maintaining forest function, it is imperative to understand how this functional group responds to declines in forest cover and connectivity resulting from agricultural expansion. We addressed this issue by evaluating selection of forest cover and forest connectivity by a key native ungulate of Neotropical forests, the white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari Link 1795, Tayassuidae, Cetartiodactyla), in agricultural landscapes of Brazil. We evaluated selection using compositional analysis at two hierarchical levels, landscape, and home range. From 2013 to 2019, we GPS‐tracked eight white‐lipped peccary herds in Southwest Brazil, resulting in a total of 14,460 GPS locations. We found that herds can live in landscapes with a wide range of forest cover (35%–81% of home ranges covered by native forest), with significant, but not strong, selection at the landscape level (p = .045). Nevertheless, herds strongly select for forest cover within their home ranges (81%–97% of locations within native forest; highly significant selection at the home‐range level: p = .008). As for connectivity, herds significantly select the largest, most connected forest fragments at the landscape level (p = .04), but not at the home‐range level (p = .07). Our results support that Neotropical forests within agricultural landscapes need to be well connected in order to preserve this key native ungulate and maintain long‐term forest function.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Radiological and histological evaluation of horizontal ridge augmentation using corticocancellous freeze‐dried bone allograft with and without autogenous bone: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hashemipoor Mahtab , Asghari Najmeh , Mohammadi Mohammad , Kalantari Mahsa , Arabsolghar Mohaddese , Ranjbar Hadi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was radiological and histological evaluation of horizontal ridge augmentation using corticocancellous freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA) with and without autogenous bone (AB).Materials and methodsThe present research was conducted on 42 patients (27 females and 15 males) with insufficient width of edentulous ridge. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups, FDBA alone + collagen membrane (n = 21) and the combined FDBA and AB + collagen membrane (n = 21). The horizontal alveolar ridge dimensions were measured using cone‐beam computerized tomography before and 6 months after alveolar ridge augmentation. At the time of insertion of implants, biopsy of new bone was taken from 11 patients in each group and was analyzed histologically. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with paired t test and two‐sample t test. The registration number was IRCT201109165305N3.ResultsThe mean ± SD ridge width gain after 6 months at the distance of 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm from crest of alveolar ridge was 2.78 ± 1.44, 3.05 ± 1.21, 2.82 ± 1.62, and 2.23 ± 1.95 mm in the FDBA group and 2.40 ± 1.60, 3.10 ± 1.80, 3.60 ± 1.87, and 2.65 ± 2.39 mm in the combined group, respectively, which was statistically significant in both groups using paired t test (P < .001). However, the difference between two groups analyzed by two‐sample t test was not statistically significant (P > .05). Amount of new bone generation, remained particles, and connective tissue was not statistically different between two groups (P = .367, P = .428, and P = .598, respectively).ConclusionBased on the results of this study, corticocancellous FDBA granules along with collagen membrane can successfully be used for horizontal augmentation of edentulous ridge, and adding AB to the granules of FDBA does not significantly increase the quality and quantity of regenerated bone.
Applying a values‐based decision process to facilitate comanagement of threatened species in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: McMurdo Hamilton Thalassa , Canessa Stefano , Clark Katie , Gleeson Pani , Mackenzie Fiona , Makan Troy , Moses‐Te Kani Gena , Oliver Shona , Parker Kevin A. , Ewen John G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKo koe ki tēnā, ko ahau ki tēnai kīwai o te kete (you at that, and I at this handle of the basket). This Māori (New Zealanders of indigenous descent) saying conveys the principle of cooperation—we achieve more through working together, rather than separately. Despite decades of calls to rectify cultural imbalance in conservation, threatened species management still relies overwhelmingly on ideas from Western science and on top‐down implementation. Values‐based approaches to decision making can be used to integrate indigenous peoples’ values into species conservation in a more meaningful way. We used such a values‐based method, structured decision making, to develop comanagement of pekapeka (Mystacina tuberculata) (short‐tailed bat) and tara iti (Sternula nereis davisae) (Fairy Tern) between Māori and Pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent). We implemented this framework in a series of workshops in which facilitated discussions were used to gather expert knowledge to predict outcomes and make management recommendations. For both species, stakeholders clearly stated their values as fundamental objectives from the start, which allowed alternative strategies to be devised that naturally addressed their diverse values, including mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge and perspectives). On this shared basis, all partners willingly engaged in the process, and decisions were largely agreed to by all. Most expectations of conflicts between values of Western science and Māori culture were unfounded. Where required, positive compromises were made by jointly developing alternative strategies. The values‐based process successfully taha wairua taha tangata (brought both worlds together to achieve the objective) through codeveloped recovery strategies. This approach challenges the traditional model of scientists first preparing management plans focused on biological objectives, then consulting indigenous groups for approval. We recommend values‐based approaches, such as structured decision making, as powerful methods for development of comanagement conservation plans between different peoples.
The epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone—An analysis of Danish consecutive patients patch tested between 2005 and 2019
Authors: Havmose Martin , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2005, methylisothiazolinone (MI) was allowed as a stand‐alone preservative in cosmetics. This resulted in an epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis to MI, mainly affecting women exposed to leave‐on cosmetics. Consequently, a regulation of Annex V in the European Union in 2017 banned the use of MI in leave‐on cosmetics and reduced the allowed concentration in rinse‐off products.ObjectiveTo analyze the temporal trends in contact allergy to MI in Danish patients in relation to key events including European regulations over time.MethodsA retrospective study of consecutive patients patch tested with methylisothiazolinone from 2005 to 2019. Demographics and clinical characteristics in terms of MOAHLFA (male, occupational, atopic dermatitis, hand dermatitis, leg dermatitis, facial dermatitis and age >40 years), sources of exposure, and clinical relevance were analyzed in relation to key historical events.ResultsThree hundred eighty of 12 494 patients (3.0%, 95CI: 2.7–3.4%) tested from 2005 to 2019 were sensitized to MI. An increasing trend in the prevalence of MI contact allergy from 2005 to 2019 (P < .01) was observed, although a decline in the absolute number of patch‐test positive patients was seen from 2013 and onward. A reduction in leave‐on cosmetics as a source of exposure was observed following the legislative ban in 2017, from 24.8% from in 2010 to 2013 to 6.2% in 2017 to 2019 (P < .01).ConclusionThe epidemic of MI contact allergy is declining in absolute terms, although the prevalence in the patch‐tested population has not returned to its pre‐epidemic levels. The legislative regulation of MI in 2017 has been effective in terms of leave‐on cosmetics as a source of exposure in MI allergic patients. The process of post‐marketing risk assessment of contact allergens in the European Union needs improvement.
An experimental approach to evaluate machine learning models for the estimation of load distribution on suspension bridge using FBG sensors and IoT
Authors: Mohapatra Ambarish G. , Khanna Ashish , Gupta Deepak , Mohanty Maitri , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost of the tragedies on any bridge structure have been the cause of high‐density crowd behavior as a response to trampling as well as the crushing scenario. Therefore, it is most important to monitor such unforeseen situations by sensing the load imposed on the bridge structures. This scenario may arise where crowd movement is huge on these types of bridges. Similarly, the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a promising technology for structural health monitoring applications. In this work, an Internet of Things based FBG optical sensing scheme is proposed to monitor real‐time strain distribution throughout the bridge structures and localization of load imposed on the structure from a central control room. A suspension bridge model is designed by referring to a real bridge scenario and these FBG sensors are deployed to validate the proposed machine learning models. In this article, the performances of two machine learning strategies are discussed for the accurate estimation of load and its position by acquiring high sensitive FBG sensors signals at a very high data rate. The algorithms include K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF); which are applied on each sensing data source, and then validated using a prototype suspension bridge model integrated with three FBG sensors (1532 nm, 1538 nm, and1541 nm) on a single optical fiber cable.
Pleomorphic mastocytoma associated with loss of chromosome 5, PDGFRA, and HRAS mutations: A case of cutaneous mastocytosis with severe atypia and indolent behavior
Authors: Tirado Mariantonieta , Dobin Sheila M. , Fernandez Martin P. , Rao Arundhati 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 21‐year‐old female presented with a 5‐year history of an erythematous papule on her right breast. The biopsy showed a dense, dermal nodular infiltrate, extending focally into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate was composed predominantly of pleomorphic cells with bi‐lobed, multi‐lobed, horseshoe, or ring‐shaped nuclei. There was a smaller subset of monomorphous cells characterized by a round, reniform, or elongated single‐lobed nucleus. Accompanying cells included few foamy histiocytes, lymphocytes, and numerous scattered eosinophils. No necrosis, vascular invasion, or ulceration was present. The pleomorphic and monomorphic granular cells were positive for Giemsa stain as well as for tryptase, CD117, CD68, CD2, and CD30 immunohistochemistry and negative for S100, CD1a, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and CD56. Clinical examination was negative for any additional similar lesions and serum tryptase was within normal limits. The bone marrow was not biopsied. In addition, fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed multiple clones with loss of number 5 chromosome and PDGFRA and HRAS mutations. The lesion did not recur or progress after a 6‐year clinical follow‐up. To our full knowledge, we report the first case of pleomorphic mastocytoma with loss of chromosome 5 and PDGFRA and HRAS mutations.
Diagnostic value of laboratory parameters for the discrimination between erysipelas and limited cellulitis
Authors: Drerup Christian , Eveslage Maria , Sunderkoetter Cord , Ehrchen Jan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackground and objectivesErysipelas, caused by beta‐hemolytic streptococci, and limited cellulitis, frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus or other bacteria, are skin and soft tissue infections characterized by typical clinical signs. However, despite the therapeutical relevance they are often not differentiated (e.g in clinical trials). Erysipelas are efficiently treated with penicillin, while limited cellulitis is treated with more wide‐spectrum antibiotics. This study investigates whether parameters such as CRP, blood counts or novel parameters like immature granulocytes could serve as biomarkers to distinguish between these entities.Patients and methodsFor this retrospective analysis 163 patients were included. We compared laboratory markers in patients with erysipelas (n = 68) to those with limited cellulitis (n = 41) of the leg. Both erysipelas and limited cellulitis were defined clinically, with an additional aspect for erysipelas being a prompt response to penicillin.ResultsErysipelas were characterized by higher levels of inflammation. CRP and leukocyte counts are the best parameters to discriminate between both infections. A CRP value ≥ 3.27 mg/dl indicated the diagnosis of erysipelas with 75 % sensitivity and 73.2 % specificity.ConclusionsOur results support the thesis that erysipelas and limited cellulitis are distinct infections as defined in the German guidelines and that an assessment of CRP and leukocytes is useful for differential diagnosis.
Application of CO2 carbon stable isotope analysis to ant trophic ecology
Authors: Balzani Paride , Venturi Stefania , Muzzicato Daniela , Tassi Franco , Vaselli Orlando , Frizzi Filippo , Frasconi Wendt Clara , Nisi Barbara , Masoni Alberto , Santini Giacomo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStable isotope analysis of animal tissues is commonly used to infer diet and trophic position. However, it requires destructive sampling. The analysis of carbon isotopes from exhaled CO2 is non‐invasive and can provide useful ecological information because isotopic CO2 signatures can reflect the diet and metabolism of an animal. However, this methodology has rarely been used on invertebrates and never on social insects. Here, we first tested whether this method reflects differences in δ13C‐CO2 between workers of the Mediterranean ant Crematogaster scutellaris (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Crematogastrini) fed with sugar from beet (C3; Beta vulgaris L., Amaranthaceae) or cane (C4; Saccharum officinarum L., Poaceae). We found that a significant difference can be obtained after 24 h. Consequently, we used this technique on wild co‐occurring ant species with different feeding preferences to assess their reliance on C3 or C4 sources. For this purpose, we sampled workers of C. scutellaris, the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus (van Loon et al.) (Lasiini), and the harvester ant Messor capitatus (Latreille) (Stenammini). No significant differences in their carbon isotopic signatures were recorded, suggesting that in our study site no niche partitioning occurs based on the carbon pathway, with all species sharing similar resources. However, further analysis revealed that M. capitatus, a seed‐eating ant, can be regarded as a C3 specialist, whereas L. neglectus and C. scutellaris are generalists that rely on both C3 and C4 pathways, though with a preference for the former. Our results show that this methodology can be applied even to small animals such as ants and can provide useful information on the diets of generalist omnivores.
Personality, learning styles and handedness: The use of the non‐dominant hand in pre‐clinical operative dentistry training
Authors: Qutieshat Abubaker , Aouididi Rayhana , Salem Abdurahman , Kyranides Melina Nicole , Arfaoui Rayan , Atieh Mohammad , Samarah Mohammad Rasool , Al Masri Mahmoud , Al Sharif Zain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis research was undertaken with the aim of using personality traits, learning styles and handedness to develop and evaluate a scale to measure a new concept in operative dentistry, symmetrisation. An initial hypothesis was proposed, stating that handedness, personality trait and learning style could be used to predict symmetrisation potential in the domain of operative dentistry.MethodsParticipants completed three questionnaires: the Edinburgh handedness inventory assessment; the Keirsey Temperament Sorter‐II (KTS‐II); and the learning style assessment (VARK). Then, participants prepared a cavity on an artificial third molar tooth in the traditional phantom head using their non‐dominant hand. For evaluation and comparison purposes, Standard Tessellation Language images were obtained from prepared teeth using a CAD/CAM scanner and then aligned against a reference “unprepared” tooth image using a custom software developed by the authors based on the Iterative Closest Point algorithm.ResultsExtroverts, intuitive and participants characterised as relying on their feelings were more accurate compared to introverts, sensory and toughminded participants, respectively. Extroverts were faster to complete the task compared to introverts. Participants with a preference for read/writing learning style produced more errors than any of the other groups. Handedness, however, did not show any significant association with performance.ConclusionsIt was concluded that both the KTS‐II and the learning style assessment (VARK) questionnaires possess potential as useful measures of symmetrisation potential and the ability to use the non‐dominant hand in operative dentistry, as well as platform for continuing research.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Q in cerebrospinal fluid reflects ependymal cell dysfunction and is a potential biomarker for adult chronic hydrocephalus
Authors: Nakajima M. , Rauramaa T. , Mäkinen P. M. , Hiltunen M. , Herukka S.‐K. , Kokki M. , Musialowicz T. , Jyrkkänen H.‐K. , Danner N. , Junkkari A. , Koivisto A. M. , Jääskeläinen J. E. , Miyajima M. , Ogino I. , Furuta A. , Akiba C. , Kawamura K. , Kamohara C. , Sugano H. , Tange Y. , Karagiozov K. , Leinonen V. , Arai H. 
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeProtein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Q (PTPRQ) was extracted from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with probable idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) by proteome analysis. We aimed to assess the feasibility of using CSF PTPRQ concentrations for the additional diagnostic criterion of iNPH in Japanese and Finnish populations.MethodsWe compared PTPRQ concentrations among patients with probable iNPH and neurologically healthy individuals (normal control [NC] group), patients with normal‐pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) of acquired and congenital/developmental aetiologies, patients with Alzheimer’s disease and patients with Parkinson’s disease in a Japanese analysis cohort. A corresponding iNPH group and NC group in a Finnish cohort was used for validation. Patients in the Finnish cohort who underwent biopsy were classified into two groups based on amyloid and/or tau deposition. We measured PTPRQ expression levels in autopsied brain specimens of iNPH patients and the NC group.ResultsCerebrospinal fluid PTPRQ concentrations in the patients with NPH of idiopathic, acquired and congenital/developmental aetiologies were significantly higher than those in the NC group and those with Parkinson’s disease, but iNPH showed no significant differences when compared with those in the Alzheimer’s disease group. For the patients with iNPH, the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.860 in the Japanese iNPH and 0.849 in the Finnish iNPH cohorts. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization revealed PTPRQ expression in the ependymal cells and choroid plexus. It is highly possible that the elevated PTPRQ levels in the CSF are related to ependymal dysfunction from ventricular expansion.ConclusionsCerebrospinal fluid PTPRQ levels indicated the validity of this assay for auxiliary diagnosis of adult chronic hydrocephalus.
Immunology of COVID‐19 and disease‐modifying therapies: The good, the bad and the unknown
Authors: Zrzavy Tobias , Wimmer Isabella , Rommer Paulus S. , Berger Thomas 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe outbreak of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, caused by a previously unknown infectious agent, posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems and unmasked their vulnerability and limitations worldwide. Patients with long‐term immunomodulatory/suppressive therapies, as well as their physicians, were and are concerned about balancing the risk of infection and effects of disease‐modifying therapy. Over the last few months, knowledge regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 has been growing tremendously, and the first experiences of infections in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been reported.MethodsThis review summarizes the currently still limited knowledge about SARS‐CoV‐2 immunology and the commonly agreed modes of action of approved drugs in immune‐mediated diseases of the central nervous system (MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder). Specifically, we discuss whether immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory drugs may increase the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and, conversely, may decrease the severity of a COVID‐19 disease course.ResultsAt present, it can be recommended in general that none of those therapies with a definite indication needs to be stopped per se. A possibly increased risk of infection for most medications is accompanied by the possibility to reduce the severity of COVID‐19.ConclusionsDespite the knowledge gain over the last few months, current evidence remains limited, and, thus, further clinical vigilance and systematic documentation is essential.