bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of frontal regulator of vigilance during sleep inertia: A simultaneous EEG‐fMRI study
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Hsu Ching‐Fen , Xu Dan , Yu Jing , Lei Xu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSleep inertia refers to a distinct physiological state of waking up from sleep accompanied by performance impairments and sleepiness. The neural substrates of sleep inertia are unknown, but growing evidence suggests that this inertia state maintains certain sleep features. To investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of sleep inertia, a comparison of pre‐sleep and post‐sleep wakefulness with eyes‐open resting‐state was performed using simultaneous EEG‐fMRI, which has the potential to reveal the dynamic details of neuroelectric and hemodynamic responses with high temporal resolution. Our data suggested sleep‐like features of slow EEG power and decreased BOLD activity were persistent during sleep inertia. In the pre‐sleep phase, participants with stronger EEG vigilance showed stronger activity in the fronto‐parietal network (FPN), but this phenomenon disappeared during sleep inertia. A time course analysis confirmed a decreased correlation between EEG vigilance and the FPN activity during sleep inertia. This simultaneous EEG‐fMRI study advanced our understanding of sleep inertia and revealed the importance of the FPN in maintaining awareness. This is the first study to reveal the dynamic brain network changes from multi‐modalities perspective during sleep inertia.
Gamma‐Glutamyltransferase Elevation Is Frequent in Patients With COVID‐19: A Clinical Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Shao Tuo , Tong Yu , Lu Shushu , Jeyarajan Andre J. , Su Feifei , Dai Jianyi , Shi Jichan , Huang Jianping , Hu Chenchan , Wu Lianpeng , Dai Xianning , Cheng Zhimeng , Yan Jiuliang , Huang Peng , Tian Yanzhang , Li Shasha , Chung Raymond T. , Chen Dong 
Published: July 2020

A newly identified coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes the infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and now poses a major threat to global public health. Previous studies have observed highly variable alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in patients with COVID‐19. However, circulating levels of the cholangiocyte injury biomarker gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) have yet to be reported in the existing COVID‐19 case studies. Herein, we describe the relationship between GGT levels and clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with COVID‐19. Our study is a retrospective case series of 98 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID‐19 at Wenzhou Central Hospital in Wenzhou, China, from January 17 to February 5, 2020. Clinical data were collected using a standardized case report form. Diagnosis of COVID‐19 was assessed by symptomatology, reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and computed tomography scan. The medical records of patients were analyzed by the research team. Of the 98 patients evaluated, elevated GGT levels were observed in 32.7%; increased C‐reactive protein (CRP) and elevated ALT and AST levels were observed in 22.5%, 13.3%, and 20.4%, respectively; and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and triglycerides (TGs) were found in 2% and 21.4%, respectively. Initially, in the 82 patients without chronic liver disease and alcohol history, age older than 40 years (P = 0.027); male sex (P = 0.0145); elevated CRP (P = 0.0366), ALT (P < 0.0001), and ALP (P = 0.0003); and increased TGs (P = 0.0002) were found to be associated with elevated GGT levels. Elevated GGT (P = 0.0086) and CRP (P = 0.0162) levels had a longer length of hospital stay. Conclusion: A sizable number of patients with COVID‐19 infection have elevated serum GGT levels. This elevation supports involvement of the liver in persons with COVID‐19.
“Milbulgali Bagili”: A systematic scoping review of the history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander advocacy 1940‐1970
Authors: Brown Catherine , McCalman Janya , Brough Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIssue addressedHealth promotion, the process of enabling people to increase control over their health, implies advocacy and empowerment on behalf of others. This does not account for the phenomena whereby Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have advocated to strengthen the determinants of their own and their communities' health. This paper provides a systematic scoping review of the published literature that documents Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander advocacy to improve community empowerment during the time 1940‐1970. The objectives of the review were to establish: 1. The extent to which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander advocacy has been documented; 2. The extent to which the literature is written from an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspective; 3. The extent to which local community‐level advocacy has been documented; and 4. How advocacy occurred.MethodsThe Informit database was systematically searched, publications selected against inclusion criteria, and themes synthesised to map key concepts, types of evidence and gaps in research.ResultsBased on this systematic search, 30 papers were found. The four key themes identified were: individual advocates, black organisations, international solidarity and black and white people working together.ConclusionsDespite the many gaps in the literature, there is documented evidence of considerable outcomes from advocacy.So what?The concept of advocacy and indeed, health promotion itself, may need to be decolonised, and that the concept of “everyday resistance” may more accurately encompass the diverse repertoire of actions which took place between agents of resistance and agents of dominant power.
Sociodemographic factors and prenatal care behaviors associated with unplanned pregnancy in a Brazilian birth cohort study
Authors: Vieira Carolina Sales , Braga Giordana Campos , Cruz Lugarinho Priscila Tavares , Stifani Bianca Maria , Bettiol Heloisa , Barbieri Marco Antônio , Cardoso Viviane Cunha , de Carvalho Cavalli Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the sociodemographic factors and prenatal behavior characteristics associated with unplanned pregnancy.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted of mothers of newborns enrolled in a birth cohort in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Questionnaires were administered to postpartum women. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic predictors of unplanned pregnancy and to evaluate the association with adherence to prenatal care recommendations.ResultsThe cohort included 7608 mothers: 7541 (99.1%) answered the interview and 4056 (53.8%) had an unplanned pregnancy. Adolescents were more likely to have an unplanned pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50–2.34) as were women over 40 (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.22–2.47). Pregnancy during adolescence (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.09–1.48), being single (OR 7.56; 95% CI 5.98–9.56), having two or more previous births (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.52–1.97), and being of a lower socioeconomic status were also predictors. Lack or late initiation of prenatal care, attendance at less than six prenatal visits, drinking alcohol, and smoking during pregnancy were associated with unplanned pregnancy.ConclusionUnplanned pregnancies disproportionately affect women at extremes of age, single, and of low socioeconomic status. These women are less likely to adhere to prenatal care.
Advances in perovskite photodetectors
Authors: Li Chenglong , Ma Yao , Xiao Yifan , Shen Liang , Ding Liming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerovskite photodetectors have gradually shown preeminent photoelectric performance due to the unique material properties. In recent years, lots of works have been reported in improving the sensitivity, changing detection spectrum range and enhancing long‐term stability. Herein, we summarize the some efficient strategies for performance improvement and synchronously analyze severe issues exposed in that. Furthermore, some reasonable proposals are put forward to solve future predicted troubles. In addition, more prospective assumptions are proposed on the basis of the development trend in photoelectric detection fields. We hope this perspective will allow researchers to have a clearer understanding of recent studies based on perovskite photodetectors and inspire more meaningful work in the future.image
Aqueous Diels–Alder reactions for thermochemical storage and heat transfer fluids identified using density functional theory
Authors: Spotte‐Smith Evan Walter Clark , Yu Peiyuan , Blau Samuel M. , Prasher Ravi S. , Jain Anubhav 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThermal storage and transfer fluids have important applications in industrial, transportation, and domestic settings. Current thermal fluids have relatively low specific heats, often significantly below that of water. However, by introducing a thermochemical reaction to a base fluid, it is possible to enhance the fluid's thermal properties. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) is used to screen Diels–Alder reactions for use in aqueous thermal fluids. From an initial set of 52 reactions, four are identified with moderate aqueous solubility and predicted turning temperature near the liquid region of water. These reactions are selectively modified through 60 total functional group substitutions to produce novel reactions with improved solubility and thermal properties. Among the reactions generated by functional group substitution, seven have promising predicted thermal properties, significantly improving specific heat (by as much as 30.5%) and energy storage density (by as much as 4.9%) compared to pure water.
Synthesis of substituted pyrimidine using ZnFe2O4 nanocatalyst via one pot multi‐component reaction ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Chavan Pravin , Bangale Sachin , Pansare Dattatraya , Shelke Rohini , Jadhav Shivaji , Tupare Shrikrushna , Kamble Dhanraj , Rai Megha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA highly efficient, eco‐friendly, recyclable heterogeneous ZnFe2O4 nanocatalyzed synthesis of 2‐amino‐4‐substituted 1,4‐dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐3‐carbonitrile (4a‐j) derivatives via one pot multicomponent reaction of benzimidazole (1), substituted aromatic aldehyde (2a‐j) and malononitrile (3) under ultrasonic irradiations. Significance of this synthetic approach is short reaction time, easy handling, simplicity, efficiency, high yield, and recoverable catalyst.
2D Ultrashort Echo‐Time Functional Lung Imaging
Authors: Balasch Anke , Metze Patrick , Stumpf Kilian , Beer Meinrad , Büttner Susanne M. , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Speidel Tobias , Rasche Volker 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundImaging of the lung by MRI is challenging due to the intrinsic low proton density and rapid T2* relaxation. MRI methods providing lung parenchyma and function are in demand.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of two‐dimensional ultrashort echo‐time (2D UTE) imaging for lung function assessment.Study TypeProspective.PopulationEleven healthy volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence3T, 2D tiny golden angle UTE (2D‐tyUTE).AssessmentThe applicability of breath‐hold (BH) and self‐gated (SG) 2D‐tyUTE for quantification of the lung parenchyma signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), proton fraction (fP), fractional ventilation (FV), and perfusion (f) was investigated. Dependencies on repetition time (BHS/I1/I2) and respiratory phase (expiration [EX], inspiration [IN]) were investigated and compared between smokers and nonsmokers.Statistical TestsAnalysis of variance (ANOVA), Kendell's W.ResultsSignificant differences of SNR (EX: 10.98 ± 3.19(BHS), 14.58 ± 3.89(BHI1), 17.59 ± 4.92(BHI2), 11.00 ± 5.42(SG); IN: 7.17 ± 2.07(BHS), 9.51 ± 2.37(BHI1), 10.49 ± 2.33(BHI2), 10.00 ± 4.14(SG)) (P < 0.05 for all cases) were observed between the different approaches. Where fP in expiration (0.41 ± 0.13) was independent of the BH imaging technique, it was slightly higher in SG (0.44 ± 0.06). FV was reproducible among the BH techniques (0.41 ± 0.10), but significantly lower in SG (0.21 ± 0.06) (P < 0.05). A moderate correlation (R2 = 0.47, P < 0.01) was observed between the breathing amplitude and FV. No significant differences between BH and SG were observed for the perfusion analysis (EX: 3.50 ± 1.29 mL/min/mL [BHS]; IN: 2.36 ± 1.05 mL/min/mL [BHS]). Significant differences in fP were found between smokers (0.48 ± 0.11 BH) and nonsmokers (0.37 ± 0.12 BH) in expiration.Data ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of 2D‐tyUTE for successful quantification of relevant lung function parameters at 3T within clinically attractive acquisition times. The low spatial resolution into the slice selection direction may limit the final sensitivity and needs further clinical evaluation.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1637–1644.
Spectral quality overrides software score—A brief tutorial on the analysis of peptide fragmentation data for mass spectrometry laymen
Authors: König Simone 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of mass spectrometry has dramatically increased the research pace in the life sciences. The influence of the technique is enormous and its results can have far‐reaching consequences such as jail time when applied in forensics. Therefore, analytical chemists trained in proper procedure know that they must validate their experiments. However, those quality measures have not been adopted in a similar manner in the omics technologies even though the stakes are equally high. Reasons are, among others, the segregation of the data generation and data mining functions and an undue belief in software capabilities. In this article, problematic issues such as false or overinterpretation of data are discussed, and assistance is provided for mass spectrometry laymen to evaluate the quality of their results; a quick guide to mass spectral data interpretation of peptide fragmentation experiments, the basis of bottom‐up proteomics, is offered. Good science can only be generated in tight collaboration of principal investigator, analytical chemist, and bioinformatician so that the limits and the potential of each method and approach can be responsibly communicated.
Gas‐phase hydration of the lysozyme ion produced by infrared‐laser ablation of a droplet beam studied by photodissociation and fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Asami Hiroya , Kawauchi Norishi , Kohno Jun‐ya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiomolecules function in an aqueous environment. Elucidation of the hydration structures of biomolecules is hence important to understand their functions. Here, we investigated the hydration structure of lysozyme (Lys) in the gas phase by photodissociation and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with droplet‐beam laser ablation mass spectrometry. We found that water molecules are held inside and on the surface of the Lys molecule, and the hydration structure around the tryptophan residue changes by photoexcitation. This study provides a novel method to observe the hydration structures of large biomolecules at the molecular level.
In situ probing changes in fatty‐acyl chain length and desaturation of lipids in cancerous areas using mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Guo Lei , Lai Zhizhen , Wang Yanmin , Li Zhili 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAberrant changes in the expression levels and structure of lipids may shape tumor microenvironment. In this study, we have performed mass spectrometry imaging and profiling analysis of 63 tissues of five types of cancer, namely, breast, colorectal, esophageal, lung, and gastric cancer, using in situ liquid extraction electrosonic spray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Alteration of fatty‐acyl chain length of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylserines and of chain length of (un)saturated fatty acids are associated with different cancerous areas of five types of cancer. The ratios of the same fatty‐acyl carbon atom lipids with one double bond difference and the ratios of the same chain‐length fatty acids with one double bond difference exhibited significant differences among the cancerous areas of five types of cancer. Our data may reveal that there were different lipid metabolism networks among five types of cancer.
Reelin activates the small GTPase TC10 and VAMP7 to promote neurite outgrowth and regeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons
Authors: Jausoro Ignacio , Marzolo Maria‐Paz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAxonal outgrowth is a fundamental process during the development of central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system as well as in nerve regeneration and requires accurate axonal navigation and extension to the correct target. These events need proper coordination between membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangements and are under the control of the small GTPases of the Rho family, among other molecules. Reelin, a relevant protein for CNS development and synaptic function in the adult, is also present in the PNS. Upon sciatic nerve damage, Reelin expression increases and, on the other hand, mice deficient in Reelin exhibit an impaired nerve regeneration. However, the mechanism(s) involved the Reelin‐dependent axonal growth is still poorly understood. In this work, we present evidence showing that Reelin stimulates dorsal root ganglia (DRG) regeneration after axotomy. Moreover, dissociated DRG neurons express the Reelin receptor Apolipoprotein E‐receptor 2 and also require the presence of TC10 to develop their axons. TC10 is a Rho GTPase that promotes neurite outgrowth through the exocytic fusion of vesicles at the growth cone. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that Reelin controls TC10 activation in DRG neurons. Besides, we confirmed that the known CNS Reelin target Cdc42 is also activated in DRG and controls TC10 activity. Finally, in the process of membrane addition, we found that Reelin stimulates the fusion of membrane carriers containing the v‐SNARE protein VAMP7 in vesicles that contain TC10. Altogether, our work shows a new role of Reelin in PNS, opening the option of therapeutic interventions to improve the regeneration process.
Ocean/atmosphere interaction and Malthusian catastrophes on the northern fringe of the Asian summer monsoon region in China, 1368–1911
Authors: Lee Harry F. , Yue Ricci P. H. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTHow and to what extent are human societies affected by climate change? There has been a growing body of research using big historical data and statistical analyses to provide scientific answers to this inter‐disciplinary research question. However, quantitative analysis measuring the historical demographic impact of ocean/atmosphere interaction is still scanty. Here we use 544 years (1368–1911) of historical records to trace the demographic impact brought about by ocean/atmosphere interaction in Shaanxi, located on the northern fringe of the Asian summer monsoon region in China. Our results show that: (1) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) caused Malthusian catastrophes mainly through drought at the inter‐annual scale; (2) drought reinforced the synchrony of various Malthusian catastrophes at the inter‐annual to multi‐decadal scale; and (3) the unusual cycles of NAO drove drought and various Malthusian catastrophes in the cold 1550–1730 period at the multi‐decadal scale. This study represents a pioneering attempt to quantitatively assess the demographic impact caused by the ocean/atmosphere in historical China. Our findings may help to conceptualise the climate–human nexus in those ecologically marginal regions that are impacted by ocean/atmosphere interaction, and to explain the synchrony of social crisis in Eurasia in the 17th century.
Elevated In Vitro Kinase Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Leucine‐Rich Repeat Kinase 2 G2019S Carriers: A Novel Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay–Based Method
Authors: Melachroinou Katerina , Kang Min Suk , Liong Christopher , Narayan Sushma , Levers Najah , Joshi Neal , Kopil Katie , Hutten Samantha J. , Baptista Marco A.S. , Padmanabhan Shalini , Kang Un Jung , Stefanis Leonidas , Alcalay Roy N. , Rideout Hardy J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 kinase inhibitors are being vigorously pursued as potential therapeutic options; however, there is a critical need for sensitive and quantitative assays of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 function and target engagement.ObjectivesOur objective was to compare collection and storage protocols for peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and to determine the optimal conditions for downstream analyses of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 in PD cohorts.MethodsHere, we describe enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay–based assays capable of detecting multiple aspects of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 function at endogenous levels in human tissues.ResultsIn peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both healthy and affected carriers of the G2019S mutation in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2, we report, for the first time, significantly elevated in vitro kinase activity, while detecting a significant increase in pS935/leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 in idiopathic PD patients.ConclusionsQuantitative assays such as these described here could potentially uncover specific markers of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 function that are predictive of disease progression, aid in patient stratification, and be a critical component of upcoming clinical trials. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Caffeine Upregulates Hepatic Sex Hormone‐Binding Globulin Production by Increasing Adiponectin Through AKT/FOXO1 Pathway in White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Briansó‐Llort Laura , Fuertes‐Rioja Lidia , Ramos‐Perez Lorena , Hernandez Cristina , Simó Rafael , Selva David M. 
Published: July 2020

ScopeEpidemiological studies have shown that caffeine increases serum sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) levels. The relationship between caffeine and SHBG production has never been studied before at molecular level. The aim of this study is to examine whether caffeine regulates SHBG production and to determine the associated molecular mechanisms.Methods and resultsTwo different studies are performed; in vitro studies using human HepG2 cells treated with caffeine (100 and 500 µm) and in vivo studies using a humanized SHBG transgenic mice drinking caffeine in the water (0.1 mg mL−1) for 12 days. The results show that caffeine does not change SHBG production in HepG2 cells. By contrast, caffeine treatment increases significantly hepatic SHBG production in human SHBG transgenic mice when compared with control mice. Caffeine increases adiponectin levels in epididymal adipose tissue of human SHBG transgenic mice. Moreover, caffeine increases adiponectin production by reducing protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation which increases forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) protein levels in 3T3‐L1 mature adipocytes and human SHBG transgenic mice. Finally, caffeine‐induced increase in adiponectin in turn upregulates hepatic hepatocyte nuclear receptor 4‐alpha (HNF‐4α) levels in human SHBG transgenic mice.ConclusionsThe results show that caffeine upregulates hepatic SHBG expression by increasing adiponectin production through AKT/FOXO1 pathway in the adipose tissue.