bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal separation changes maternal care, anxiety‐like behaviour and expression of paraventricular oxytocin and corticotrophin‐releasing factor immunoreactivity in lactating rats
Authors: Baracz Sarah J. , Everett Nicholas A. , Robinson Katherine J. , Campbell Gemma R. , Cornish Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe early postnatal period is a time of tremendous change for the dam and her offspring. During this time, environmental insults such as repeated stress exposure can have detrimental effects. In research that has focused on the effect of postnatal stress exposure on the dams, conflicting changes in maternal care and anxiety‐like behaviour have been reported. Additionally, changes to hypothalamic neuropeptides that are crucially involved in the transition to motherhood and stress regulation, namely oxytocin and corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF), have not been examined. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine (i) whether repeated postpartum stress increases engagement in maternal care behaviours and anxiety‐like behaviour and (ii) whether these behavioural changes correspond with changes to CRF‐ or oxytocin‐immunoreactive (‐IR) cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. A non‐lactating group was also included to control for the effects of lactation on anxiety and the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system. Following the birth of their litters, Long‐Evans dams were separated from their pups from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND21 for either 15 minutes (maternal separation [MS]15) or 6 hours (MS360). Maternal behaviours were recorded for 30 minutes on select PNDs following the separation. On PND22, dams were exposed to the elevated plus maze, brains were collected, and immunofluorescence analysis of PVN oxytocin‐ and CRF‐IR cells was conducted. Our findings demonstrate that prolonged maternal separation altered typical maternal behaviours and reduced anxiety relative to MS15 dams. At the cellular level, oxytocin‐IR cells in the caudal PVN were reduced in MS360 dams to a level similar to that in non‐lactating controls, and PVN CRF‐IR cells were reduced relative to both MS15 and non‐lactating controls. Taken together, these data reveal the behavioural and neuronal changes that occur in the mother dam following repeated postnatal stress exposure.
Acquired and inherited amyloidosis: Knowledge driving patients' care
Authors: Obici Laura , Adams David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUntil recently, systemic amyloidoses were regarded as ineluctably disabling and life‐threatening diseases. However, this field has witnessed major advances in the last decade, with significant improvements in therapeutic options and in the availability of accurate and non‐invasive diagnostic tools. Outstanding progress includes unprecedented hematological response rates provided by risk‐adapted regimens in light chain (AL) amyloidosis and the approval of innovative pharmacological agents for both hereditary and wild‐type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Moreover, the incidence of secondary (AA) amyloidosis has continuously reduced, reflecting advances in therapeutics and overall management of several chronic inflammatory diseases. The identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets has grounded on a better knowledge of key molecular events underlying protein misfolding and aggregation and on the increasing availability of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers of organ damage and response to treatment. In this review, we focus on these recent advancements and discuss how they are translating into improved outcomes. Neurological involvement dominates the clinical picture in transthyretin and gelsolin inherited amyloidosis and has a significant impact on disease course and management in all patients. Neurologists, therefore, play a major role in improving patients' journey to diagnosis and in providing early access to treatment in order to prevent significant disability and extend survival.
HYVIA™: A novel, topical chia seed extract that improves skin hydration
Authors: Huber Kristen L. , Fernández José R. , Webb Corey , Rouzard Karl , Healy Jason , Tamura Masanori , Voronkov Michael , Stock Jeffry B. , Stock Maxwell , Pérez Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundChia seeds have gained importance as it is the highest known plant source of omega‐3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, chia seeds possess ω3 α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and ω6 linoleic acid (LA), together known as Vitamin F, which play an important role in maintaining skin function. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a master regulatory protein that plays a critical role in skin barrier function and its activity is modulated by natural lipids.AimsObtain a chia seed extract (HYVIA™) with significant higher levels of Vitamin F, determine in vitro PP2A activity and skin hydration markers compared to other commercial chia seed extracts (CCSEs), and evaluate the potential skin hydration benefits clinically in human subjects.MethodsA PP2A demethylation assay was utilized to assess PP2A activity. In vitro studies utilizing normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were treated with HYVIA™ and gene expression of hydration markers (AQP3, HAS2) were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR). A 16‐subject clinical trial was performed with 0.1% HYVIA™ formulated in a cream and applied topically to assess its skin moisturizing potential.ResultsWe demonstrate here that HYVIA™, ALA, and LA inhibit PP2A demethylation, boosting PP2A activity, while most other CCSEs do not. Unlike other CCSEs, HYVIA™ increases keratinocyte hydration factors aquaporin‐3 and hyaluronic acid synthase‐2 in vitro. Clinical assessment of 0.1% HYVIA™ cream shows that HYVIA™ improves skin hydration.ConclusionsHYVIA™ is a novel chia seed extract, enriched for Vitamin F, that modulates PP2A activity and clinically improves skin hydration and barrier function.
Impaired mobility and pressure ulcer development in older adults: Excess movement and too little movement—Two sides of the one coin?
Authors: Moda Vitoriano Budri Aglecia , Moore Zena , Patton Declan , O’Connor Tom , Nugent Linda , Mc Cann Aisling , Avsar Pinar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo identify how activity and mobility lead to pressure ulcer development, using two objective assessments, one for mobility and one for early pressure ulcer detection.Methods150 older persons from long‐term settings were followed up for 20 days, using an observational, quantitative, prospective study design. The study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. Visual skin assessment and sub‐epidermal moisture assessments were undertaken daily. Activity was measured using the Braden subscale. Further, a mobility profile of the participants was identified using a piezoelectric motion sensor which provided a “movement score” (mean number of movements/hour). Movement scores from 22 healthy participants were also measured to better understand the mobility profile in a healthy population.ResultsPressure ulcer incidence using visual skin assessment was 12.7% (low movers = 6.7%; high movers = 6%) and 78.7% using sub‐epidermal moisture assessment (low movers = 40.0%; high movers = 38.7%). Sub‐epidermal moisture assessment detected pressure ulcers on average 8.2 days before they appeared visually on the skin's surface. Pressure ulcer detection was 25 times greater using sub‐epidermal moisture compared to visual skin assessment. Considering the results of the “movement level” assessment using the motion sensor technology, of all those who were determined to be immobile by Braden, 18.8% were assessed as high movers.Discussion & ConclusionPressure ulcers occurred both in low and high movers, which was unexpected as a similar finding has not been previously reported in the literature.Relevance to clinical practiceThe traditional focus on low movers/immobile individuals may detract from the identification of those making an abnormally high frequency of unsafe movements. Pressure ulcer assessment can be enhanced through a combination of sub‐epidermal moisture assessment and visual skin assessment, and through the identification of both individuals with impaired mobility and those abnormally high movements, such as among those who are agitated.
Evaluation of the Impact of School Garden Exposure on Youth Outlook and Behaviors toward Vegetables in Southern Arizona
Authors: Lohr Abby M. , Henry Nick , Roe Denise , Rodriguez Claudio , Romero Rosalva , Ingram Maia 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOur objective was to evaluate the effect of garden‐based learning on outlook and behaviors toward vegetables among primarily Latinx students. An educational strategy, garden‐based learning is a teaching tool that complements other disciplines.METHODSThird‐ and fourth‐grade students at 4 elementary schools with different garden programs completed a bingo survey and participated in class discussions to measure outlook and behaviors toward vegetables.RESULTSStudents in schools with more garden exposure were more likely to answer “Yes” to survey questions reflecting a positive attitude and behaviors toward vegetables. In class discussions, students most often mentioned vegetables grown in the school garden as their favorite vegetables.CONCLUSIONFor third‐ and fourth‐grade students, the length of exposure to a school garden appears to have a positive impact on both perceptions of and desire to consume vegetables. Other studies have shown that positive outlook and behaviors toward vegetables can change vegetable consumption habits in children. Integrating garden‐based learning into the school curriculum may positively influence eating behaviors over the long‐term future.
Comparative study of adaptation in three chicken genotypes under humid tropical conditions of Nigeria
Authors: Abioja Monsuru O. , Omotara Olufemi P. , Iyasere Oluwaseun S. , Abiona John A. , Egbeyale Lawrence T. , Akinjute Obafemi F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdaptation of Nigerian indigenous chickens (NIC), FUNAAB‐α (F‐α) and Transylvanian naked neck chickens (TNN) raised during hot‐dry season under humid tropical environment was compared during a 4‐week period. A well‐adapted NIC (n = 12; 6 males and 6 females), a newly developed F‐α (n = 12; 6 male and 6 females) and a newly introduced TNN (n = 12; 6 male and 6 females) chickens aged 36 weeks were used for this experiment. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature on comb (COM), wattle (WAT), breast (BRE) and under wings (WIN) were monitored between 13.00 and 14.00h twice a week for four weeks. Wattle temperature (p = .017) and BRE (p = .000) differ significantly among the genotypes. Transylvanian naked neck chickens recorded higher WAT than NIC, though not different from F‐α. Nigerian indigenous chickens had lower BRE temperature than other two genotypes. Significantly higher WAT (p < .001) and WIN (p < .05) were recorded in cocks than in laying hens. In contrast, laying hens had significantly (p < .001) higher RR and HSI than cocks. There was interactive (p < .05) effect of sex and genotype on BRE. Nigerian indigenous cocks and hens exhibited lower BRE than others, except F‐α cock. There were positive significant correlations between WIN and WAT in the three genotypes. In NIC, COM had positive correlation with WAT (r = .532) and WIN (r = .696). Heart rate was positively correlated with WAT (r = .608) and WIN (r = .697) in F‐α, and WIN (r = .512) in TNN chickens. In conclusion, the three genotypes can adequately adapt to the prevailing conditions of humid tropics. Reduction of feather on the neck and breast and higher heat loss capacity in TNN chickens could help the birds adapt to hot‐humid environment. The two sexes could adapt to the tropical region. Cocks lose body heat predominantly via non‐evaporative means while hens employ evaporative heat loss mechanism.
Histopathological findings and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in normal dogs and dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the pancreas
Authors: Aupperle‐Lellbach Heike , Törner Katrin , Staudacher Marlies , Stadler Christina , Tress Ursula , Grassinger Julia M. , Müller Elisabeth , Weber Corinna N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of pancreatic diseases in dogs is still challenging because of variable clinical signs, which do not always correspond with clinical pathology and histopathological findings.ObjectivesTo characterize inflammatory and neoplastic pancreatic diseases of dogs and to correlate these findings with clinical findings and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) results.AnimalsTissue specimens and corresponding blood samples from 72 dogs submitted for routine diagnostic testing.MethodsFour groups were defined histologically: (1) normal pancreas (n = 40), (2) mild pancreatitis (n = 8), (3) moderate or severe pancreatitis (acute, n = 11; chronic, n = 1), and (4) pancreatic neoplasms (n = 12). An in‐house cPLI ELISA (<180 μg/L, normal; >310 μg/L, pancreatitis) was performed.ResultsIn dogs with normal pancreas, 92.5% of serum cPLI results were within the reference range and significantly lower than in dogs with mild acute pancreatitis, moderate or severe acute pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors. In dogs with moderate or severe acute pancreatitis, cPLI sensitivity was 90.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58.7%‐99.8%). Most dogs (9/12) with pancreatic tumors (group 4) had additional pancreatic inflammation and cPLI results were increased in 10 dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHigh cPLI indicates serious acute pancreatitis but underlying pancreatic neoplasms should also be taken into consideration. This study confirms the relevance of histopathology in the diagnostic evaluation of pancreatic diseases.
Evaluation of asymmetric dimethylarginine as an inflammatory and prognostic marker in dogs with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Gori Eleonora , Pierini Alessio , Lippi Ilaria , Meucci Valentina , Perondi Francesca , Marchetti Veronica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been proposed as a severity marker in humans with acute pancreatitis (AP).ObjectivesTo evaluate ADMA in dogs with AP compared with healthy dogs and its association with severity of disease, mortality, and indicators of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), including serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration, WBC count, and band neutrophils.AnimalsFifty‐four dogs with AP and a control group (CG) of 28 healthy dogs.MethodsCohort study including dogs with AP diagnosed using clinical and laboratory variables, abnormal canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) concentration, and compatible abdominal ultrasound examination findings performed within 48 hours of admission. Canine AP severity (CAPS) was calculated. Serum concentration of ADMA was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Blood donor‐, staff‐, and student‐owned dogs were enrolled in the CG.ResultsDogs with AP had higher median admission serum ADMA concentrations compared with the CG (62 versus 48.5 μg/dL; P = .003). Dogs with CAPS ≥11 had higher serum ADMA concentrations than did dogs with CAPS <11 (92 versus 54.6 μg/dL P = .009). Univariable analysis for mortality, CAPS score, band neutrophils, CRP, and ADMA were included in multivariable logistic regression, in which only ADMA was associated with mortality (P = .02). Survivors had a significant decrease in ADMA at first reevaluation compared to admission (P = .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBecause serum ADMA concentrations were higher in AP dogs compared with the CG, it may have value as a biomarker in the diagnosis of AP in dogs. In addition, because ADMA was associated with mortality, it may have prognostic value.
Baseline characteristics of patients with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS): The Australian cohort in a global aHUS registry
Authors: Soraru Jacqueline , Isbel Nicole , Wong Germaine , Coates Patrick Toby , Mantha Murty , Abraham Abu , Juneja Rajiv , Hsu Danny , Brown Fiona , Bose Bhadran , Mudge David , Carroll Robert , Kausman Joshua , Hughes Peter , Barbour Thomas , Durkan Anne , Mount Peter , Lee Darren , Larkins Nicholas , Ranganathan Dwarakanathan , Lim Wai H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe the baseline characteristics and treatment of Australian patients diagnosed with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) reported to the Global aHUS Registry.MethodsDescriptive analysis of the Australian cohort with aHUS (n = 106) was undertaken for demographics, disease characteristics and prior treatment with eculizumab; comparing with the global cohort (n = 1688) for certain pre‐specified disease characteristics.ResultsIn Australia, almost two‐thirds of patients diagnosed with aHUS were female and over 80% of patients were Caucasians, with similar proportions reported in the global cohort. Less than 6% of patients in the Australia and global cohorts were reported to have a history of autoimmune disease (4% vs 2%, respectively; P = .21) or cancer (5% vs 5%, respectively; P = .93), conditions that have been associated with secondary HUS. In the Australian cohort, 26% had received a kidney transplant and 68% of patients had received eculizumab. Kidneys were the most common organ involvement, followed by gastrointestinal tract (26%) and cardiovascular system (19%), with 35% of patients reported to have had at least two organs involved within 6 months prior to baseline visit or entry into the registry. Complement factor H was the most common pathogenic complement gene variant in the Australian patients.ConclusionData from the aHUS registry confirms and defines region‐specific disease characteristics among a selected group of Australian children and adults with aHUS reported to the registry. Ongoing and more inclusive data will provide further information about temporal trends and treatment outcomes, representing a unique opportunity for clinicians and researchers to further develop knowledge surrounding this rare disease.
Salt stress decreases seedling growth and development but increases quercetin and kaempferol content in Apocynum venetum
Authors: Xu Z. , Zhou J. , Ren T. , Du H. , Liu H. , Li Y. , Zhang C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Apocynum venetum L. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with great potential to treat angiocardiopathy. Its major medicinal constituents are flavonoids. However, the natural habitats of A. venetum are typically affected by salt stress, which can modify both biomass and accumulation of medicinal compounds.

In this study, the effects of salt stress on growth and development of A. venetum, accumulation of flavonoids and expression patterns of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were evaluated.

In general, the growth and development of seedlings (seedling height, root length, leaf length, leaf width and seed germination) were inhibited by salt stress. Unlike typical halophytes, there was no optimal NaCl concentration range that promoted growth and development, but seedlings had an elevated DW/FW ratio under salt stress (induced by irrigation with 50, 100, 200 or 400 mm NaCl). Furthermore, quercetin and kaempferol were significantly accumulated in A. venetum seedlings under salt stress, resulting in a balanced content and reduced FW. Moreover, the expression of AvCHS, AvCHI and AvF3GT was inhibited by salt stress; however, AvF3’H, AvF3H and AvFLS, which are involved in the flavonol synthesis pathway, were up‐regulated under salt stress, consistent with a decrease in total flavonoids and an increase of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol).

In summary, cultivation of A. venetum in saline soils appeared to be feasible and improved the medicinal quality of A. venetum (quercetin and kaempferol accumulation under salt stress), thus this species can effectively utilize saline soil resources.
Sexing of pre‐implantation ovine embryos through polymerase chain reaction‐based amplification of GAPDH, SRY and AMEL genes
Authors: Mishra Ashish , Dhali Arindam , Reddy Ippala J. , Kolte Atul P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to identify the sex of embryo and control of sex ratio has a great commercial importance to livestock industry. Prediction of embryonic sex could be useful in the management decisions of sex selection in breeding programs. Several methods have been attempted to determine the sex but the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based sexing method is generally favoured, as it is cost effective, simple and reliable. The aim of the present study was to identify sex of sheep embryos produced in vitro through amplification of glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), sex‐determining region Y (SRY) and amelogenin genes present in genomic DNA (gDNA) of embryos through PCR. To avoid false interpretation of the result by no amplification of SRY in female embryos, a duplex PCR was approached to amplify combinedly SRY and GAPDH genes. Sex‐specific blood was used in PCR as positive control. In vitro sheep embryos were produced as per standardized protocol of laboratory. Sexing of sex‐specific blood and in vitro produced embryos were approached though PCR to amplify the respective genes using gDNA present in the sample without its traditional isolation. The accuracy of sex prediction for embryos was 100% by this procedure.
A Predictive Model for Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Generic E. coli in Soil Amended with Untreated Animal Manure
Authors: Pang Hao , Mokhtari Amir , Chen Yuhuan , Oryang David , Ingram David T. , Sharma Manan , Millner Patricia D. , Van Doren Jane M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed at developing a predictive model that captures the influences of a variety of agricultural and environmental variables and is able to predict the concentrations of enteric bacteria in soil amended with untreated Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO) under dynamic conditions. We developed and validated a Random Forest model using data from a longitudinal field study conducted in mid‐Atlantic United States investigating the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli in soils amended with untreated dairy manure, horse manure, or poultry litter. Amendment type, days of rain since the previous sampling day, and soil moisture content were identified as the most influential agricultural and environmental variables impacting concentrations of viable E. coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli recovered from amended soils. Our model results also indicated that E. coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli declined at similar rates in amended soils under dynamic field conditions.The Random Forest model accurately predicted changes in viable E. coli concentrations over time under different agricultural and environmental conditions. Our model also accurately characterized the variability of E. coli concentration in amended soil over time by providing upper and lower prediction bound estimates. Cross‐validation results indicated that our model can be potentially generalized to other geographic regions and incorporated into a risk assessment for evaluating the risks associated with application of untreated BSAAO. Our model can be validated for other regions and predictive performance also can be enhanced when data sets from additional geographic regions become available.