bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of fluoride in groundwater around Chagan Lake and its risk assessment under the influence of human activities
Authors: Xu Peng , Bian Jianmin , Wu Juanjuan , Li Yihan , Ding Fei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chagan Lake is located in the area of Western Jilin for which waterways have high fluorine content. Because of the construction of water conservancy projects and agricultural irrigation areas, the groundwater replenishment and drainage conditions there have changed. Groundwater test data were used to analyze the status of groundwater fluoride with this changing hydrodynamic gradient. The paper established a health risk assessment model based on triangular fuzzy number. The results show that the samples of phreatic water and confined water with excessive fluoride content accounted for 68.74% and 29.4%, respectively. Samples that exceeded standards of fluoride content were mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest. The chemistry of phreatic water is more complicated than that of confined water. The water quality categories are mainly poor and very poor. The formation of major anions and cations was mainly controlled by evaporation and rock weathering. It was also found that non-carcinogenic risks of fluoride in phreatic water are greater than those in confined water. The risk indices for children and adults were [1.1, 1.6] and [0.6, 0.9], respectively (α = 0.8). The non-carcinogenic risk assessment model based on triangular fuzzy numbers has a higher reference value than that of traditional models.
Leakage estimation in water networks based on the BABE and MNF analyses: a case study in Gavankola village, Iran
Authors: Negharchi Saeid Mohammadzade , Shafaghat Rouzbeh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Calculating the water loss and leakage in the water distribution networks (WDNs) is performed for various reasons such as monitoring and optimizing, active control, estimating economical damage, and predicting the demand in the network development plans. In this research, two leakage calculation methods including Background and Bursts Estimates (BABE) and minimum night flow (MNF) have been evaluated for a rural network in the north of Iran with a high non-revenue water (NRW) percentage of 47%. Initially, the data related to the inlet flow rate of the network and the average pressure at zone was measured using ultrasonic flow meters and pressure transmitter, respectively. Then, remote data loggers collected these data. With the water loss analyses based on the BABE method (annually) and based on the MNF technique (every 10 minutes), the average leak was found to be 1.45 and 1.105 Lit/s, respectively. Also, according to hydraulic and consumption conditions, the highest frequency of MNF occurrence was observed at 00:00 and 05:00. Moreover, the effects of legitimate night-time consumption (LNC) and leakage exponent (N) were evaluated. The results indicate that determining the LNC, especially in the networks in which the domestic customers use private tanks, is significantly important.
Critical conditions of struvite growth and recovery using MgO in pilot scale crystallization plant
Authors: Park Nari , Chang Hyangyoun , Jang Yeoju , Lim Hyunman , Jung Jinhong , Kim Weonjae 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The struvite crystallization process can recover struvite crystals as a valuable slow-release fertilizer from the side stream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the crystal growth characteristics and determine the appropriate recovery criteria for a struvite crystallization pilot plant. A pilot plant (8.6 m3/d) was designed with a feeding system of MgO (magnesium oxide), a pH controller, and a hydrocyclone for recovering struvite; the plant was operated for 42 hours at a pH range of 8.25–8.5. The removal efficiencies for PO4-P and NH4-N were 82.5–90.7% and 13.4–22.9%, respectively. The struvite recovered from the hydrocyclone was sifted using standard sieves and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dry weight fraction of the precipitate in the 300–600 μm range increased gradually from 7% to 74% in 18 hours. The XRD analysis revealed that the crystalline structure of the precipitate in the 150–600 μm range indicates struvite without any peaks of MgO, Mg(OH)2, and MgCO3. This indicates that the critical conditions for recovering struvite from the side-stream of WWTPs are an operation period of 18 hours and a crystal size greater than 300 μm.
An Efficient Cancer Classification Model for CT/MRI/PET Fused Images
Authors: Srimathi S. , Yamuna G. , Nanmaran R. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
The aim was to study image fusion-based cancer classification models used
to diagnose cancer and assess medical problems in earlier stages that help doctors or health care
professionals to make the treatment plan accordingly.

Methods :
In this work, a novel image fusion method based on Curvelet transform is developed. CT
and PET scan images of benign type tumors were fused together using the proposed fusion algorithm
and the same way, MRI and PET scan images of malignant type tumors were fused together
to achieve the combined benefits of individual imaging techniques. Then, the marker-controlled watershed
algorithm was applied on fused images to segment cancer affected area. The various color
features, shape features and texture-based features were extracted from the segmented image. Following
this, a data set was formed with various features, given as input to different classifiers namely
neural network classifier, Random forest classifier, and K-NN classifier to determine the nature
of cancer. The results of the classifier showed normal, benign or malignant category of cancer.

Results:
The performance of the proposed fusion algorithm was compared with the existing fusion
techniques based on the parameters PSNR, SSIM, Entropy, Mean and Standard Deviation.
Curvelet transform based fusion method performs better than already existing methods in terms of
five parameters. The performances of the classifiers were evaluated using three parameters: accuracy,
sensitivity, and specificity. The K-NN Classifier performed better compared to the other two
classifiers and it provided an overall accuracy of 94%, sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 84%.

Conclusion:
The proposed Curvelet transform based image fusion method combined with the KNN
classifier provides better results compared to other two classifiers when two input images were
used individually.
Withdrawal Notice: The Role of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Bone Homeostasis
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhao Songchuan , Yan Liang 
Published: June 2020

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MEMPERKIRAKAN PERBANDINGAN KADAR AIR SEMEN PADA BETON KERAS
Authors: Kushartomo Widodo , Sutandi Arianti , Linggasari Dewi 
Published: June 2020

Comparison of cement water content (w / c-ratio) is one important factor to determine the strength of concrete, so it is important to know the ratio of the amount of water used in a concrete mix. Many problems that arise related to the quality of concrete in ready-made buildings require an in-depth investigation of the composition of concrete materials in order to estimate the quality of concrete including the ratio of the amount of water to cement. Estimating the ratio of the amount of water to the amount of cement in hard concrete is not an easy matter, there are many factors that influence it. A number of special tests are needed on hard concrete to get the accuracy of the ratio of cement water content (w / c-ratio). A number of test specimens were prepared for testing with known water content and amount of cement. After going through the treatment process for 28 days, at the age of 60 days all test specimens are examined both chemically and volumetricly to recalculate the amount of water and cement that has been used. The calculation results show the technique used has a suitability of 99% to the planning. ABSTRAKPerbandingan kadar air semen (w/c-ratio) merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk menentukan kekuatan beton, sehingga penting sekali mengetahui perbandingan jumlah air yang digunakan dalam suatu adukan beton. Banyak permasalahan yang muncul terkait mutu beton pada bangunan yang sudah jadi memerlukan penyelidikan yang mendalam terhadap komposisi material beton tersebut guna memperkirakan mutu beton termasuk didalamnya perbandingan jumlah air terhadap semen. Memperkirakan perbandingan jumlah air terhadap jumlah semen pada beton keras bukan merupakan suatu perkara yang mudah, ada banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Diperlukan sejumlah pengujian khusus pada beton keras untuk mendapatkan akurasi nilai perbandingan kadar air semen (w/c-ratio). Sejumlah benda uji disiapkan untuk pengujian dengan kadar air dan jumlah semen yang telah diketahui. Setelah melalui proses perawatan selama 28 hari, pada umur 60 hari seluruh benda uji diperiksa baik secara kimiawi maupun secara volumetrik untuk menghitung ulang jumlah air dan semen yang telah digunakan. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan teknik yang digunakan memiliki kesesuaian sebesar 99% terhadap perencanaan.
الحقوق المالية للأقاليم والمحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم في العراق " دراسة تحليلية "
Authors: Taha Ahmad N. , Jangir Faris A. 
Published: June 2020

إن المعنى الأساسي للفيدرالية، يشير إلى ممارسة عدة مستويات من الحكم على المجموعة البشرية نفسها، عن طريق الخلط بين الحكم المشترك أحيانا والحكم الذاتي أحياناً أخرى، فالدول التي تتمتع بأنظمة سياسية اتحادية تتألف من حكومتين، الأولى هي الحكومة الاتحادية، والثانية تضم الحكومات التي تتحكم بالوحدات المؤلفة لتلك الدولة، مثل الولايات أو الكانتونات أو المقاطعات أو الأقاليم او المحافظات وغيرها. بعد صدور الدستور العراقي في عام 2005، فان الدولة العراقية اصبحت دولة فيدرالية (اتحادية) ونظام الحكم فيها برلماني، وتتكون من إقليم وعدد من المحافظات، يدار الحكم فيها بأسلوب لا مركزي (اللامركزية الادارية)، اضافة على ذلك فقد منح الدستور العراقي النافذ، الكثير من الصلاحيات للأقاليم والمحافظات غير المنتظمة في اقليم، وهذه الصلاحيات اما ان تكون حصرية أو مشتركة، حيث ان الدستور سعى على منح الحقوق المالية والكثير من الصلاحيات والامتيازات للأقاليم والمحافظات، لإدارة شؤونها دون الرجوع الى الحكومة بالمركزية وفق مبدأ اللامركزية الادارية، ذلك بعد صدور القانون رقم (21) لسنة (2008)، بعنوان قانون المحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم.
يتناول البحث التنظيم القانوني للأقاليم والمحافظات غير المنتظمة في اقليم، فضلا عن الاستحقاقات المالية ضمن الشكل الاتحادي واللامركزية الادارية. يتوصل لمجموعة من الاستنتاجات، ويصي الباحثان بجملة من المقترحات لمعالجة اشكالية البحث في حدوث الانتهاكات والخروقات المالية والادارية لحقوق الاقاليم والمحافظات، نتيجة التفسير غير الصحيح للنصوص القانونية التي يشوبها الغموض وعدم الوضوح.
Performance report for a 10-year-old MD/PhD Program: A survey of trainees at the University of Ottawa
Authors: Pietrobon Adam , Chehadé Lucia , Beaudry-Richard Alexandra , Keller Brian A. , Schlossmacher Michael G. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Integrated MD/PhD programs are relatively new in Canada and represent a platform to train the next generation of clinician-scientists. However, MD/PhD programs vary substantially by structure, funding and mentorship opportunities, and there exists a paucity of data on the overall students’ successes and challenges. The purpose of this study is to assess objective and subjective metrics of the MD/PhD Program at the University of Ottawa.

Methods: Students in all years of the program were invited to complete a 58- question survey, and the resulting data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.

Results: Our survey had an 88.5% (23/26) participation rate. The program has been gaining interest and the number of applications increased by 178% between 2013 and 2018. Tuition support was considered an essential element in
accepting the admission offer, as 47.8% of students would have declined admission without full tuition coverage. The MD/PhD students were heavily engaged in scholarly activities, with an average of 8.3 presentations/ publications per respondent. Respondents indicated low satisfaction with formal career planning advice (28.6% satisfied/very satisfied) and program transition guidance (22.2%). When delivered informally by peers, both career planning advice and program transition guidance were experienced as more satisfying (65.2% and 63.6%, respectively). Only 34.8% of survey respondents identified as female, highlighting the challenge of achieving diversity in clinician-scientist training programs.

Conclusion: Our report contributes to the body of knowledge on concrete obstacles experienced by students within MD/PhD programs and key areas that can be improved upon—locally, provincially and nationally—to further advance student success.
Clinical and paraclinical characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in infants less than 6 months of age at National Children’s Hospital
Authors: Pham Thu Hien 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARY
Objectives: The study aim was to describe clinical and paraclinical characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in children under 6 months of age at National Children’s Hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 71 cases of C. trachomatis pneumonia in Respiratory Department, National Children’s Hospital between 1 September 2017 and 31 August 2018.
Results: Important features of C. trachomatis pneumonia in children under 6 months of age include persistent cough, nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, history of vaginal birth, mother’s history of vaginosis during pregnancy. Absolute eosinophil counts greater than 300/mm3 may suggest C. trachomatis pneumonia.
Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of pneumonia due to C. trachomatis pneumonia are persistent cough, nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, mother’s history of vaginosis during pregnancy. A higher than 300 eosinophils/mm3 is strongly associated with C. trachomatis pneumonia.
Esophageal disorders in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Morozova Yu. N. , Pogromov A. P. , Mnatsakanyan M. G. , Tashchyan O. V. , Kolosova K. Yu. 
Published: June 2020

Aim.To study the whole range of esophageal disorders in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using high-tech methods.
Materials and methods.102 IBS patients (47 males, mean age 40.8, diagnosis of IBS was established according to Rome III criteria) with esophageal symptoms (heartburn, belching, globus sensation and noncardiac chest pain) were examined in gastroenterology department. All patients underwent endoscopy, with biopsies if required, X-ray examination of upper gastrointestinal tract; 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring;13C-urea breath test. Evaluation of esophageal symptoms was carried out on the basis of Rome IV criteria.
Results.21 (20.6%) individuals had esophagitis (ERD). According to 24-hour pH-monitoring data, 7 of them had overlap between GERD and functional esophageal disorders (FED). 27 (26.5%) individuals had nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). In 54 (52.9%) individuals endoscopy and pH-impedance monitoring data did not differ from normal, suggesting this group as group of patients with FED. There was no significant difference for age, sex and IBS subtypes in GERD, NERD and FED groups.
Conclusion.Comorbid esophageal disorders in patients with IBS are different and represented by organic diseases, FED and overlap between them. Methods such as 24-h pH-impedance measurement and esophageal manometry should be used to assess comorbid esophageal disorders in IBS patients.
Mothers’ Age and Education Who Work in Health Facility Influenced Nutritive Feeding Choice
Authors: Kaman Karini , Novita Regina Vidya Trias , Marlina Paramitha Wirdani Ningsih 
Published: June 2020

The health worker services are a role model. Activities breastfeeding decline when mothers started to work after maternity leave. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors relating to the mothers on the reproductive age who works in the hospital. The method of the research was quantitative with cross-sectional. The research used questioners and held on January-March 2020. Total sampling with 40 respondents. The result showed two variables were significant. There are the age of the mothers with p-value with the p 0.044 < 0.05 and the level of mother education with the p 0.045 <0.05. The reproductive age and education significantly positive for history giving exclusive breastfeeding. The mothers had chosen mix feeding for nutritive their babies. The environment did not support, even mothers have enough for their knowledge so they decided to give formula. Although mothers have high of the level of education still give mix feeding because of back to work, have no support on breastfeeding and facility where the mothers work. Conclusion the health services such as in the hospital should give the employee specialized women who had reproductive age to support for example facilities for the breast pump, maternity leave policy, and finally could be breastfeeding exclusively.
The Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health of the Batik Industry
Authors: Junaidi Mar’atul Sholihah , Fatoni Rois , Fatimah Siti 
Published: June 2020

Occupational safety and health is an important issue in an operational process, both in traditional and modern sectors. Prevention of work accidents can be done by knowing the risks that exist in a process, one of them is through Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) methods. In the batik industry, batik makers come into direct contact with materials containing hazardous chemicals and uncomfortable work positions. In addition, the craftsmen also do not care for the environment and do not use personal protective equipment. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors of occupational safety and health. This purpose also to use of personal protective equipment while working and identify potential hazards in the batik production process in the batik industry of Sekar Arum and Mahkota Laweyan. Factors causing occupational accidents include an unsafe batik environment, unsafe equipment, containing hazardous substances and unsafe work attitudes. In addition, the lack of orderly use of personal protective equipment in the form of boots, gloves and aprons. Based on the findings of the hazard, it is known that there are hazards with low category namely in the nyanting room, washing and drying rooms, and the waste management room with hazard percentage is 10,26 %, medium category namely in the stamp room with hazard percentage is 30,77 % and high category namely the coloring room with hazard percentage is 38,46 %.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT USING MIND MAPPING TEACHING STRATEGY OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 4 KUPANG IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018
Authors: Salem Frangelina Pajolia 
Published: June 2020

This project entitled “Improving students’ writing descriptive text using mind mapping teaching strategy of the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Kupang in academic year 2017/2018.” This research is aimed at; 1) to find out the use of mind mapping teaching strategy can improve the writing ability of tenth grade students, 2) to find out the weakness and strength of mind mapping teaching strategy. This research was classified as action research. It was done in two cycles. The first cycle was divided into two meetings and the second cycle was divided into two meetings. The research was done with the participation of 43 students of the tenth grade students of science program. The data obtained during the research were qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were in the form observation checklist while the quantitative data were in the form of the students’ scores.
The results of the research showed that the use of mind mapping effectively improved the students writing ability. Based on the qualitative data, the students were able to generate their ideas to produce well-organized recount texts. They were also able to use the appropriate vocabulary, correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization in their writings. During the teaching and learning process, they also showed positive response toward the lesson. Based on the quantitative data, the students’ mean score improved. In the pre-test, the students’ mean score was 60.58 The students’ mean score in the post-test 1 is 70.81 and the students’ mean score in the post-test 2 is 78.60, which the last mean score is higher than KKM which is 75.00. It means that there are a difference between the students’ writing descriptive text before and after the action research.
Representasi Makroskopik dan Simbolik Untuk Memahami Gaya Antarmolekul Pada Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
Authors: Sukib Sukib , Mutiah Mutiah 
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penguasaan konsep gaya antarmolekul dengan konsep kromatografi lapis tipis KLT baik sebelum maupun sesudah pembelajaran menggunakan fenomena multi-level. Sebanyak 30 mahasiswa peserta kuliah pemisahan kimia digunakan sebagai sampel ÃÂ Pengambilan data dilakuan dengan cara tes tertulis. Langkah penelitian meliputi: identifikasi miskonsepsi tentang gaya antarmolekul dan konsep KLT, penerapan pembelajaran menggunakan fenomena multi-level, dan tes akhir tentang pemahaman gaya antar-molekul dalam KLT. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) miskonsepsi mahasiswa pada konsep gaya antarmolekul adalah hal membedakan gaya antarmolekul dan intra-molekul, kekuatan relatif gaya antarmolekul, pengertian dan mekanisme terjadinya gaya London, (2) Miskonsepsi pada konsep KLT meliputi interaksi molekuler yang terjadi pada saat pemisahan, faktor penyebab perbedaan pergerakan analit, (3)ÃÂ Secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang tinggi antara penguasaan konsep gaya antar molekul dengan pemahaman KLT, (4) Penerapan fenomena submikroskopis, simbolik, dan makroskopis mampu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada konsep gaya antarmolekul pada KLT