bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in adults with achondroplasia in the United States
Authors: Yonko Elizabeth A. , Emanuel Jillian S. , Carter Erin M. , Raggio Cathleen L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStudies examining quality of life (QoL) in adults with achondroplasia are limited. We report on QoL and psychiatric illness diagnoses in a modern cohort of adults with achondroplasia. SF‐36 Health Survey scores from adults with achondroplasia were compared to general population scores. Demographics, physical measurements, and psychiatric illness diagnoses were recorded from medical records. The achondroplasia population had lower scores than the general population in all categories. Most people with achondroplasia (56%) had a diagnosed psychiatric illness. Those with a diagnosed psychiatric illness had lower scores in physical functioning, role limitations due to physical and emotional health, and mental health. Pain, energy/fatigue, and general health scale scores were roughly equivalent (<2 points difference). Social functioning was >15 points higher in individuals with psychiatric illness diagnoses. Adults with achondroplasia report significantly lower physical and mental well‐being and had nearly 3× the rate of psychiatric illness diagnosis than the general population, highlighting the importance of total care for this population. Healthcare providers must understand the physical and mental comorbidities of achondroplasia, beyond short stature and orthopedic issues, so they can proactively improve QoL across the lifespan for patients and families.
Design and Applications of a SO2 Surrogate in Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Aminosulfonylation between Aryl Iodides and Amines
Authors: Jia Xiuwen , Kramer Søren , Skrydstrup Troels , Lian Zhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new SO2 surrogate is reported that is cheap, bench‐stable, and can be accessed in just two steps from bulk chemicals. Essentially complete SO2 release is achieved in 5 minutes. Eight established sulfonylation reactions proceeded smoothly by ex situ formation of SO2 by utilizing a two‐chamber system in combination with the SO2 surrogate. Furthermore, we report the first direct aminosulfonylation between aryl iodides and amines. Broad functional group tolerance is demonstrated, and the method is applicable to pharmaceutically relevant substrates, including heterocyclic substrates.
Unveiling the Electrooxidation of Urea: Intramolecular Coupling of the N−N Bond
Authors: Chen Wei , Xu Leitao , Zhu Xiaorong , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Zhou Wang , Wang Dongdong , Zhou Yangyang , Du Shiqian , Li Qiling , Xie Chao , Tao Li , Dong Chung‐Li , Liu Jilei , Wang Yanyong , Chen Ru , Su Hui , Chen Chen , Zou Yuqin , Li Yafei , Liu Qinghua , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe nitrogenous nucleophile electrooxidation reaction (NOR) plays a vital role in the degradation and transformation of available nitrogen. Focusing on the NOR mediated by the β‐Ni(OH)2 electrode, we decipher the transformation mechanism of the nitrogenous nucleophile. For the two‐step NOR, proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) is the bridge between electrocatalytic dehydrogenation from β‐Ni(OH)2 to β‐Ni(OH)O, and the spontaneous nucleophile dehydrogenative oxidation reaction. This theory can give a good explanation for hydrazine and primary amine oxidation reactions, but is insufficient for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR). Through operando tracing of bond rupture and formation processes during the UOR, as well as theoretical calculations, we propose a possible UOR mechanism whereby intramolecular coupling of the N−N bond, accompanied by PCET, hydration and rearrangement processes, results in high performance and ca. 100 % N2 selectivity. These discoveries clarify the evolution of nitrogenous molecules during the NOR, and they elucidate fundamental aspects of electrocatalysis involving nitrogen‐containing species.
A long‐term survivor keeping in a complete response without treatment after pemetrexed maintenance therapy for advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Furugen Makoto , Shibahara Daisuke , Kiyuna Tomo , Kami Wakaki , Miyagi Kazuya , Haranaga Shusaku , Kubota Toru , Matsumoto Hirofumi , Yoshimi Naoki , Fujita Jiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPemetrexed has significant efficacy for some non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer cases, as demonstrated in the current case. For those patients, pemetrexed administration should be carefully considered.
Impact of cool‐season legume interseedings or timed nitrogen applications on yield and nutritive value of annual ryegrass
Authors: Lemus Rocky , White Joshua A. , Morrison Jesse I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnnual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is an essential part of winter grazing systems in the southern United States. Because of an increase in nitrogen (N) cost, producers are considering decreasing fertilizer application rates while incorporating forage‐type legumes as part of their grazing management system. The objectives of this study were to determine optimum management practices including N fertilizer application rate and timing and the incorporation of legume species and to assess changes in yield and nutritive value. ‘Marshall’ ryegrass was planted in a prepared seedbed at a rate of 25 lb pure live seed acre–1 in the fall of 2008, 2009, and 2010. The experiment included nine N fertilization regimes such as the fall and spring application of ammonium nitrate (34‐0‐0). Along with an untreated check (UC), N applications (lb N acre−1 in fall, spring, or both) included the following: 25F‐0S, 0F‐25S, 25F‐25S, 50F‐0S, 0F‐50S, 50F‐25S, 25F‐50S, and 50F‐50S lb N acre–1. Along with fertilization treatments, annual and perennial clover (Trifolium spp.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa) were included in the study. Yields were significantly lower during the 2009–2010 season. Higher yields were observed in the 2010–2011 season when warmer temperatures occurred in the spring. Nitrogen applications produced a slight yield advantage than the clover species. The 75 lb N acre–1 (25F‐50S) application produced the highest forage mean yield. Clover treatments had a higher yield than the UC.
Human liver‐derived MAIT cells differ from blood MAIT cells in their metabolism and response to TCR‐independent activation
Authors: Lamichhane Rajesh , Munro Fran , Harrop Thomas W. R. , de la Harpe Sara M. , Dearden Peter K. , Vernall Andrea J. , McCall John L , Ussher James E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are anti‐microbial innate‐like T cells that are abundant in blood and liver. MAIT cells express a semi‐invariant T‐cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes a pyrimidine ligand, derived from microbial riboflavin synthesis, bound to MR1. Both blood and liver derived (ld)‐MAIT cells can be robustly stimulated via TCR or by cytokines produced during bacterial or viral infection. In this study, we compared the functional and transcriptomic response of human blood and ld‐MAIT cells to TCR signals (Escherichia coli or the pyrimidine ligand) and cytokines (IL‐12 + IL‐18). While the response of blood and ld‐MAIT cells to TCR signals were comparable, following cytokine stimulation ld‐MAIT cells were more polyfunctional than blood MAIT cells. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated different effector programmes of ld‐MAIT cells with the two modes of activation, including the enrichment of a tissue repair signature in TCR‐stimulated MAIT cells. Interestingly, we observed enhancement of IL‐12 signaling and fatty acid metabolism in untreated ld‐MAIT cells compared with blood MAIT cells. Additionally, MAIT cells from blood and liver were modulated similarly by TCR and cytokine signals. Therefore, we report that blood and ld‐MAIT cells are fundamentally different but undergo conserved changes following activation via TCR or by cytokines.
State of the Art of Bodipy‐Based Photocatalysts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: De Bonfils Paul , Péault Louis , Nun Pierrick , Coeffard Vincent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhotochemistry is a tremendous research field offering many synthetic possibilities to chemists. Breakthroughs in this area have been notably driven by the implementation of new classes of photocatalysts. Within this context, Bodipy (Boron‐dipyrromethene) dyes possess attractive chemical and physical features such as their modularity, strong absorption under visible light irradiation, good thermal and photochemical stabilities, and high fluorescence quantum yields. As such, this class of compounds has found widespread applications in functionalized materials, biology, medicine, or organic chemistry. From an organic‐synthetic point of view, excited states of Bodipy dyes have been harnessed in electron and energy transfer reactions. This minireview collates the relevant literature on the applications of these catalysts in synthetic photochemistry and provides some perspectives of this research area.
Processing methods affect phytochemical contents in products prepared from orange‐fleshed sweetpotato leaves and roots
Authors: Abong' George Ooko , Muzhingi Tawanda , Okoth Michael Wandayi , Ng'ang'a Fredrick , Emelda Ochieng Phillis , Mbogo Daniel Mahuga , Malavi Derick , Akhwale Machael , Ghimire Sita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhytochemicals enhance human health by acting antagonistically on incidences of cancer and other chronic diseases. They are considered indispensable in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceuticals, and medicinal and cosmetic applications. This study evaluated the effects of common processing methods on inherent phytochemical content in the roots and leaves of orange‐fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties called Kabode and SPK031. Yellosp and Whitesp, which are local sweetpotato varieties, were also included as check for roots and leaves, respectively. The sweetpotato products prepared for phytochemical analysis were boiling roots and leaves, frying chips and crisps, baking bread (for roots only), and fermenting and dehydrating leaves. Phytochemicals that were assessed included vitamin C, total phenolics and flavonoids, tannins, phytates, and soluble oxalates. Results indicated that retention of vitamin C was highest in boiled roots (85%–95%), followed by fries (71%–94%) and crisps (44%–76%), whereas the least retention was in bread (4%–11%) and leaves (0%–27%). Total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in leaves significantly (p < .05) varied with the type of processing. Higher retention of these phytochemicals was observed in processed roots but was lowest in bread. Boiling retained more than 100% of all carotenoids, while fermenting and drying the leaves retained 58–62 and 22%–48%, respectively. Frying retained more than 100% of the β‐carotene in the roots, while boiling retained 96%–100%. All processing methods significantly (p < .05) reduced antinutrients in leaves and roots. Fermentation of leaves had higher reduction of oxalates, tannins, and phytates, while boiling had the least effect. It is concluded that traditional boiling enhances phytochemical retention in roots but degrades most of them in leaves.
Pulsed Laser Deposition as a Tool for the Development of All Solid‐State Microbatteries
Authors: Indrizzi Luca , Ohannessian Natacha , Pergolesi Daniele , Lippert Thomas , Gilardi Elisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries (LIB) are currently the most promising technology for next generation electrochemical energy storage. Many efforts have been devoted in the past years to improve performance and safety of these devices. Nevertheless, issues regarding chemical and mechanical stability of the different components still hinder substantial improvements. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has proved to be an outstanding technique for the deposition of thin films of materials of interest for the fabrication of LIB. Thanks to its versatility and possible fine tuning of the thin film properties, PLD promises to be a very powerful tool for the fabrication of model systems which would allow to study in detail material properties and mechanisms contributing to LIB degradation. Nevertheless, PLD presents difficulties in the deposition of LIB components, mainly due to the presence of elements with large difference of atomic mass in their chemical composition. In this review, we report the main challenges and solution strategies used for the deposition through PLD of complex oxides thin films for LIB.
Cervical cancer prevention in El Salvador: A prospective evaluation of screening and triage strategies incorporating high‐resolution microendoscopy to detect cervical precancer
Authors: Parra Sonia G. , López‐Orellana Leticia M. , Molina Duque Adán R. , Carns Jennifer L. , Schwarz Richard A. , Smith Chelsey A. , Ortiz Silvestre Marya , Diaz Bazan Salvador , Escobar Pablo A. , Felix Juan C. , Ramalingam Preetha , Castle Philip E. , Cremer Miriam L. , Maza Mauricio , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death for women in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The goal of our study was to evaluate screening and triage strategies, including high‐resolution microendoscopy (HRME), to detect cervical abnormalities concerning for precancer at the point of care. Women (n = 1824) were enrolled at the Instituto de Cáncer de El Salvador. All underwent screening by both human papillomavirus (HPV) testing using careHPV and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Screen‐positives, along with 10% of screen‐negatives, were invited to return for a follow‐up examination that included triage with VIA, colposcopy and HRME imaging. Biopsies were taken of any abnormalities identified. If no abnormalities were identified, then the worst scoring site by HRME was biopsied. The sensitivities of HPV testing and VIA to screen for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 2 or more severe diagnoses (CIN2+) were 82.1% and 75% (P = .77), while the specificities were 90.4% and 80.9% (P < .001), respectively. The sensitivities of VIA, colposcopy and HRME as triage tests for CIN2+ were 82.1%, 82.1% and 71.4%, respectively (P ≥ .38). HRME had a significantly higher specificity (66.7%) than VIA (51.9%) (P < .001) and colposcopy (53.3%) (P < .001). When evaluating different theoretical screening and triage strategies, screening with HPV testing followed by triage with HRME would result in more women receiving appropriate care (97%) compared to screening with VIA (75%) or HPV alone (90%). Our findings demonstrate that screening with HPV is superior to VIA, and that triage with HRME imaging increases the specificity of detecting CIN2+ at the point of care in a low‐resource setting.
More pay more gain?—Empirical research on fund management corporation visiting listed company and its fund performance
Authors: Yue Sishi , Dong Dayong , Wu Fengyun , Xiao Zuoping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates whether institutional investors obtain increased profits when they are diligent in site visit and is based on research on fund management corporations in China and their fund performance. We use two methods: one compares the fund performance difference between two adjacent quintiles sorted by fund size, and the other constructs regression model. Our sample consists of the site visit information of 58 fund corporations from 2010 to 2016. After conducting an ordinary least square(OLS) regression, we find that the more frequent fund corporations site visits lead to better fund performance, and that is more evident for moderate‐sized fund corporations. The results suggest that institutional investors obtain increased profit when they are diligent. The statement “more pay, more gain” is evident for fund management corporations during the growth period. For slightly larger and smaller‐sized fund management corporations, the statement “more pay, more gain” motivates fund management corporations to conduct visits. However, more frequent visits are not beneficial.
Reverted effect of mesenchymal stem cells in glioblastoma treated with agathisflavone and its selective antitumoral effect on cell viability, migration, and differentiation via STAT3
Authors: Nascimento Ravena P. , dos Santos Balbino L. , da Silva Karina C. , Amaral da Silva Victor D. , de Fátima Costa Maria , David Jorge M. , David Juceni P. , Moura‐Neto Vivaldo , Oliveira Mona das N. , Ulrich Henning , de Faria Lopes Giselle P. , Costa Silvia L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most lethal tumor of the central nervous system, presenting a very poor prognostic, with a survival around 16 months. The interaction of mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells has been studied, showing a bias in their role favoring or going against aggressiveness. Natural products such as flavonoids have showed their anticancer properties and the synergic potential with the activation of microenvironment cells to inhibit tumor progression. Agathisflavone is a flavonoid studied in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The present study investigated the effect of flavonoid in the viability of heterogeneous glioblastoma (GBM) cells considering a coculture or conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) effect, as well as the dose‐dependent effect of this flavonoid in tumor migration and differentiation via STAT3. Agathisflavone (3–10 μM) induced dose‐dependent toxicity to GL‐15 and U373 human GBM cells, since 24 h after treatments. It was not toxic to human MSC but modified the pattern of interaction with GBM cells. Agathisflavone also inhibited migration and increased differentiation of human GBM cells, associated with the reduction on the expression of STAT3. These results demonstrate that the flavonoid agathisflavone had a direct anti‐glioma effect. However, could be observed its effect in MSCs response that may have an impact in controlling GBM growth and aggressiveness, an important factor to consider for new therapies.
PLD1 and PLD2 differentially regulate the balance of macrophage polarization in inflammation and tissue injury
Authors: Hwang Won Chan , Seo Seol Hwa , Kang Minju , Kang Rae Hee , Di Paolo Gilbert , Choi Kang‐Yell , Min Do Sik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhospholipase D (PLD) isoforms PLD1 and PLD2 serve as the primary nodes where diverse signaling pathways converge. However, their isoform‐specific functions remain unclear. We showed that PLD1 and PLD2 selectively couple to toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin 4 receptor (IL‐4R) and differentially regulate macrophage polarization of M1 and M2 via the LPS–MyD88 axis and the IL‐4–JAK3 signaling, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhanced TLR4 or MyD88 interaction with PLD1; IL‐4 induced IL‐4R or JAK3 association with PLD2, indicating isozyme‐specific signaling events. PLD1 and PLD2 are indispensable for M1 polarization and M2 polarization, respectively. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of PLD1 conferred protection against LPS‐induced sepsis, cardiotoxin‐induced muscle injury, and skin injury by promoting the shift toward M2; PLD2 ablation intensified disease severity by promoting the shift toward M1. Enhanced Foxp3+ regulatory T cell recruitment also influenced the anti‐inflammatory phenotype of Pld1LyzCre macrophages. We reveal a previously uncharacterized role of PLD isoforms in macrophage polarization, signifying potential pharmacological interventions for macrophage modulation.
Extreme precipitation events in the Mediterranean: Spatiotemporal characteristics and connection to large‐scale atmospheric flow patterns
Authors: Mastrantonas Nikolaos , Herrera‐Lormendez Pedro , Magnusson Linus , Pappenberger Florian , Matschullat Jörg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean region is strongly affected by extreme precipitation events (EPEs), sometimes leading to severe negative impacts on society, economy, and the environment. Understanding such natural hazards and their drivers is essential to mitigate related risks. Here, EPEs over the Mediterranean between 1979 and 2019 are analysed, using ERA5, the latest reanalysis dataset from ECMWF. EPEs are determined based on the 99th percentile of their daily distribution (P99). The different EPE characteristics are assessed, based on seasonality and spatiotemporal dependencies. To better understand their connection to large‐scale atmospheric flow patterns, Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis and subsequent non‐hierarchical K‐means clustering are used to quantify the importance of weather regimes to EPE frequency. The analysis is performed for different variables, depicting atmospheric variability in the lower and middle troposphere. Results show a clear spatial division in EPE occurrence, with winter and autumn being the seasons of highest EPE frequency for the eastern and western Mediterranean, respectively. There is a high degree of temporal dependencies with 20% of the EPEs (median value based on all studied grid cells), occurring up to 1 week after a preceding P99 event at the same location. Local orography is a key modulator of the spatiotemporal connections and substantially enhances the probability of co‐occurrence of EPEs even for distant locations. The clustering clearly demonstrates the prevalence of distinct synoptic‐scale atmospheric conditions during the occurrence of EPEs for different locations within the region. Results indicate that clustering, based on a combination of sea level pressure (SLP) and geopotential height at 500 hPa (Z500), can increase the conditional probability of EPEs by more than three (3) times (median value for all grid cells) from the nominal probability of 1% for the P99 EPEs. Such strong spatiotemporal dependencies and connections to large‐scale patterns can support extended‐range forecasts.
Vibrational properties and Raman spectra of 2‐D octagon‐structure nitrogen
Authors: He Chunshan , Wang Weiliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe studied the vibrational properties and Raman spectra of two‐dimensional (2‐D) octagon‐structure nitrogen with density functional theory (DFT). There are 10 Raman active modes whose irreducible representations are A1g, B1g, B2g, and Eg. By calculating Raman tensor of each Raman active mode, we obtained polarization angle‐dependent Raman intensities. The results show that B1g and B2g modes can show polarization angle‐dependent Raman intensities when the incident light wave vector is perpendicular to the plane of the nitrogen monolayer, which is different from some other isotropic 2‐D materials. We also discussed polarization angle‐dependent Raman intensities when the incident light wave vector is parallel to the plane of the monolayer. We found that the Raman spectra have seven peaks when the incident light wave vector is perpendicular to the monolayer, while there are four distinct peaks when the incident light wave vector is parallel to the monolayer. Our results will help experimentalists to identify the existence and orientation of octagon‐structure nitrogen monolayer when they are growing it.