bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GILZ in sepsis: “Poor is the pupil who does not surpass his master”
Authors: Vandewalle Jolien , Libert Claude 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the legendary saying of Leonardo da Vinci in the title, we suggest that Glucocorticoid Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) may have more promising effects against polymicrobial sepsis, than glucocorticoids (GC). Indeed, the use of GCs in sepsis remains a matter of debate. The rationale for their use in sepsis is to modulate the exaggerated inflammatory response while maintaining innate immunity. However, GC resistance and side‐effects limit their therapeutic value in sepsis. Hence, there is a growing interest in understanding the mechanisms by which GCs modulate immune responses upon infection. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Ellouze et al. provide data demonstrating that deregulated expression of GILZ, a GC‐induced protein, in monocytes/macrophages (M/M) recovered from septic shock patients may contribute to the pathogenesis. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that GILZ overexpression in M/M improves outcome in septic animals by limiting systemic inflammation while increasing bacterial clearance. Overall, these data provide evidence that GCs may modulate immune responses via GILZ and that GILZ is a valuable alternative for GC therapy in sepsis.
Anaerobic biological treatment of frozen seafood wastewater
Authors: Sillapacharoenkul Boonsong , Sinbuathong Nusara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe effect of salinity was studied on the anaerobic treatment of raw, frozen seafood wastewater. A single‐stage of four organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 0.58 to 1.45 kg COD/m3.day and two stages of five OLRs in acidogenic reactors ranging from 0.29 to 2.31 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m3.day were fed into laboratory‐scale bioreactors. The wastewater contained a COD of 1,735 mg/L with high salinity, sodium ion (Na+) and nitrogen (N) contents of 8.63 parts per thousand 5,071, and 165 mg/L, respectively. In the single‐stage operation, the COD and total volatile solids (TVS) removal reached maxima of 55 and 63%, respectively, at 0.58 kg COD/m3.day. In the two‐stage operation, the COD and TVS removal were 65 and 70% at the most appropriate OLR of 1.16 kg COD/m3.day. At this OLR, the highest CH4 content and CH4 yield obtained were not satisfactory at 26.62% and 71 L (reported at standard temperature and pressure)/kg COD removed, respectively. For both types of operation, the biogas did not contain sufficient methane (CH4) in all tests at all OLRs. The salts, Na+, and N at the levels in this study did not upset the organic removal efficiency but did adversely affect CH4 production. Two‐stage anaerobic operation could not prevent toxicity due to the characteristics of this wastewater.
Modeling the separation performance of depth filter considering tomographic data
Authors: Hoppe Kevin , Maricanov Michail , Schaldach Gerhard , Zielke Reiner , Renschen Dirk , Tillmann Wolfgang , Thommes Markus , Pieloth Damian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFibrous depth filters are frequently used for the purification of gas streams with low dust loadings, as well as processes where a high initial filtration efficiency is required (e.g., clean rooms for aseptic production). One tool suitable for supporting the development of optimized filter media is the use of numerical simulations. The drawback of this technique is the high computational resources required. In this work, a new and fast approach based on a one‐dimensional model was applied. Structural characteristics (e.g., porosity distribution and fiber diameter) of two different filter media were successfully determined using a novel X‐ray microscope. These characteristics were incorporated in the filtration model, and their influence on the calculations was evaluated. It was found that the porosity distribution does have an impact on local (microscopic) deposition rates, but only a minor influence on the macroscopic filtration efficiency (around 3%). Benefits of the model are the application of measured structural data and the low computational expense. Compared to experimental data (VDI 3926 / ISO 11057), the prediction of the filtration efficiency can be improved by incorporating the structural data in the model.
Effect of anisotropic permeability on double‐diffusive bidisperse porous medium
Authors: Saleh Sara H. , Haddad Shatha A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe model of thermosolutal convection in a fluid‐saturated bidisperse porous medium of Darcy type is studied in this paper. The permeability is allowed to be horizontally isotropic for both the macro‐ and microphases. The linear instability and nonlinear stability are analyzed by taking the Soret effect into account. Furthermore, the effect of anisotropy parameter, Soret coefficient, and other physical parameters on the stability of the system are investigated. It is shown that the linear instability boundaries and the energy stability boundaries do not coincide when the layer is heated and salted from below, where a region of potential subcritical instability occurs. The results reveal that the horizontal to vertical permeability ratio plays a crucial role in the stability of the system. It is also observed that for large values of the salt Rayleigh number, the onset of thermal convection is more likely to be via oscillatory convection rather than stationary convection. Furthermore, the onset of stationary convection is significantly influenced by the presence of the Soret coefficient.
Efficacy of Gamma-Irradiated Macroporous Microbial Biomat for Lead Removal: A Proposed Application to Aquacultures
Authors: Gamal Marwa , Karam El Deen Al-Zahraa Ahmad , Kamel Abou Mourad Iman , Abd El Kareem Hussein , Gomaa Ola M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Lead mobilization in aquaculture and its generated health hazards prompted the use of a cheap and reusable method for its removal within a short duration. A 3D macroporous microbial biomat formed of Trichoderma viride immobilized on luffah was used for Pb removal. The biomat was used to remove 79% of initial 400 mg/kg Pb in 24 h that increased to 87% under optimized conditions of pH, temperature, and contact time. In order to reduce the time needed for Pb bioremoval to 1 h, pretreated biomats were used, resulting in an increase in removal from 58% to 96% upon exposure to gamma radiation (0.01 kilogray [kGy]). The irradiated biomat was studied in terms of morphology, elemental analysis of surface biosorbed Pb and surface functional groups using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show a difference in the adsorption pattern. The biomat was reused efficiently for 3 consecutive cycles and was also used in fixed bed column showing 89% removal for downward flow and in real aquaculture samples. Pretreated microbial biomats are very suitable for use in fixed bed reactors or as a biofilter and can be tested in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs), thereby contributing to water conservation and aquaculture sustainability. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:508–516. © 2020 SETAC
Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses the growth of gemcitabine‐resistant pancreatic cancer cells by upregulating lncRNA‐CASC2 and activating PTEN signaling
Authors: Zou Jifeng , Su Huafang , Zou Changling , Liang Xiaodong , Fei Zhenghua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies with high mortality. Gemcitabine (GEM)‐based chemotherapy is the most important treatment. However, the development of GEM resistance leads to chemotherapy failure. Previous studies demonstrated the anticancer activity of ginsenoside Rg3 in a variety of carcinomas through modulating multiple signaling pathways. In the present study, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry apoptosis assay, Western blotting assay, xenograft experiment, and immunohistochemistry assay were performed in GEM‐resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited the viability of GEM‐resistant pancreatic cancer cells in a time‐dependent and concentration‐dependent manner through induction of apoptosis. The level of long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) and PTEN expression was upregulated by the ginsenoside Rg3 treatment, and CASC2/PTEN signaling was involved in the ginsenoside Rg3‐induced cell growth suppression and apoptosis in GEM‐resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 could be an effective anticancer agent for chemoresistant pancreatic cancer.
A Cascade synthesis of 11bH‐Imidazo[1,2‐c]isoquinolino[2,1‐a]quinazoline derivatives catalyzed by AgOTf
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Yi‐Chun , Li Tuan‐Jie , Liu Jian‐Quan , Wang Xiang‐Shan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA cascade reaction of 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and 2‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)aniline was treated in DMF catalyzed by AgOTf leading to 6,13,14‐triaryl‐11bH‐imidazo[1,2‐c] isoquinolino[2,1‐a]quinazolines in high yields. This Domino reaction included condensation, cyclization, and acetylenic hydroamination under mild conditions to build fused pentacyclic heterocycle with three new bonds and two new rings.
A systematic review of lopinavir therapy for SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus—A possible reference for coronavirus disease‐19 treatment option
Authors: Yao Tian‐Tian , Qian Jian‐Dan , Zhu Wen‐Yan , Wang Yan , Wang Gui‐Qiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the past few decades, coronaviruses have risen as a global threat to public health. Currently, the outbreak of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) from Wuhan caused a worldwide panic. There are no specific antiviral therapies for COVID‐19. However, there are agents that were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics. We could learn from SARS and MERS. Lopinavir (LPV) is an effective agent that inhibits the protease activity of coronavirus. In this review, we discuss the literature on the efficacy of LPV in vitro and in vivo, especially in patients with SARS and MERS, so that we might clarify the potential for the use of LPV in patients with COVID‐19.
The expanding phenotype of hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a Japanese family with p.Val876Glu mutation in CACNA1S
Authors: Kurokawa Mari , Torio Michiko , Ohkubo Kazuhiro , Tocan Vlad , Ohyama Noriko , Toda Naoko , Ishii Kanako , Nishiyama Kei , Mushimoto Yuichi , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Nakaza Maki , Horie Riho , Kubota Tomoya , Takahashi Masanori P. , Sakai Yasunari , Nomura Masatoshi , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the episodic weakness of skeletal muscles and hypokalemia. More than half patients with HypoPP carry mutations in CACNA1S, encoding alpha‐1 subunit of calcium channel. Few reports have documented the non‐neuromuscular phenotypes of HypoPP.MethodsThe proband is a Japanese woman who developed HypoPP at 6 years of age. An excessive insulin secretion with the oral glucose tolerance test rationalized that she had experienced frequent attacks of paralysis on high‐carbohydrate diets.ResultsVoglibose and acetazolamide effectively controlled her paralytic episodes. Her 8‐year‐old son and 2‐year‐old daughter started showing the paralytic symptoms from 4 and 2 years of age, respectively. Laboratory tests revealed high concentrations of creatinine kinase in serum and elevated renin activities in plasma of these children. The targeted sequencing confirmed that these three patients had an identical heterozygous mutation (p.V876E) in CACNA1S.ConclusionOur data indicate that the p.V876E mutation in CACNA1S contributes to the early onset of neuromuscular symptoms and unusual clinical phenotypes of HypoPP.
Fat–water separation by fast metabolite cycling magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 3 T: A method to generate separate quantitative distribution maps of musculoskeletal lipid components
Authors: Alhulail Ahmad A. , Patterson Debra A. , Xia Pingyu , Zhou Xiaopeng , Lin Chen , Thomas M. Albert , Dydak Ulrike , Emir Uzay E. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo provide a rapid, noninvasive fat‐water separation technique that allows producing quantitative maps of particular lipid components.MethodsThe calf muscles in 5 healthy adolescents (age 12‐16 years; body mass index = 20 ± 3 kg/m2) were scanned by two different fat fraction measurement methods. A density‐weighted concentric‐ring trajectory metabolite‐cycling MRSI technique was implemented to collect data with a nominal resolution of 0.25 mL within 3 minutes and 16 seconds. For comparative purposes, the standard Dixon technique was performed. The two techniques were compared using structural similarity analysis. Additionally, the difference in the distribution of each lipid over the adolescent calf muscles was assessed based on the MRSI data.ResultsThe proposed MRSI technique provided individual fat fraction maps for eight musculoskeletal lipid components identified by LCModel analysis (IMC/L [CH3], EMCL [CH3], IMC/L [CH2]n, EMC/L [CH2]n, IMC/L [CH2–CH], EMC/L [CH2–CH], IMC/L [–CH=CH–], and EMC/L [–CH=CH–]) with mean structural similarity indices of 0.19, 0.04, 0.03, 0.50, 0.45, 0.04, 0.07, and 0.12, respectively, compared with the maps generated by the used Dixon method. Further analysis of voxels with zero structural similarity demonstrated an increased sensitivity of fat fraction lipid maps from the data acquired using this MRSI technique over the standard Dixon technique. The lipid spatial distribution over calf muscles was consistent with previously published findings in adults.ConclusionThis MRSI technique can be a useful tool when individual lipid fat fraction maps are desired within a clinically acceptable time and with a nominal spatial resolution of 0.25 mL.
Ammonia sensing behavior of polypyrrole‐bimetallic oxide composites
Authors: Malook Khan , Khan Hamayun , Shah Mutabar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report herein the ammonia sensing behavior of polypyrrole‐bimetallic oxide composites (PPy‐V2O5‐MnO2) synthesized successfully via a modified chemical oxidation polymerization method in the aqueous medium using FeCl3.6H2O as an oxidant. The gas sensing characteristics of the synthesized materials were studied and composite PPy consisting of 4%V2O5‐5%MnO2(S3) blend was found to be of best with respect to its sensitivity and selectivity toward ammonia gas at room temperature. The effect of various parameters such as bimetallic oxide blend contents, ammonia gas concentration, temperature, and selectivity toward other gases were investigated using S3 as a gas sensitivity material. The material showed good dynamic response toward the target gas. The linearity range, limit of detection, response, and recovery times of S3 was 5 to 60 ppm, 5 ppm, 75 seconds, and 76 seconds, respectively. The splendid results confirmed that the synthesized PPy‐4%V2O5‐5%MnO2(S3) composite could be a suitable candidate for ammonia detection at room temperature.
Single‐particle analysis of urea amidolyase reveals its molecular mechanism
Authors: Liu Ying , Yuan Bin , Peng Liang , Zhao Jing , Cheng Bin , Huang Yuhua , Zheng Xinxing , Zhou Yuerong , Xiang Song , Zhu Li , Wu Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUrea amidolyase (UA), a bifunctional enzyme that is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants, plays a pivotal role in the recycling of nitrogen in the biosphere. Its substrate urea is ultimately converted to ammonium, via successive catalysis at the C‐terminal urea carboxylase (UC) domain and followed by the N‐terminal allophanate hydrolyse (AH) domain. Although our previous studies have shown that Kluyveromyces lactis UA (KlUA) functions efficiently as a homodimer, the architecture of the full‐length enzyme remains unresolved. Thus how the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) domain is transferred within the UC domain remains unclear. Here we report the structures of full‐length KlUA in its homodimer form in three different functional states by negatively‐stained single‐particle electron microscopy. We report here that the ADP‐bound structure with or without urea shows two possible locations of BCCP with preferred asymmetry, and that when BCCP is attached to the carboxyl transferase domain of one monomer, it is attached to the biotin carboxylase domain in the second domain. Based on this observation, we propose a BCCP‐swinging model for biotin‐dependent carboxylation mechanism of this enzyme.
Kinetics of pH‐dependent interactions between PD‐1 and PD‐L1 immune checkpoint proteins from molecular dynamics
Authors: Klyukin Konstantin , Alexandrov Vitaly 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade of signaling pathways such as PD‐1/PD‐L1 has recently opened up a new avenue for highly efficient immunotherapeutic strategies to treat cancer. Since tumor microenvironments are characterized by lower pH (5.5‐7.0), pH‐dependent protein‐ligand interactions can be exploited as efficient means to regulate drug affinity and specificity for a variety of malignancies. In this article, we investigate the mechanism and kinetics of pH‐dependent binding and unbinding processes for the PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoint pair employing classical molecular dynamics simulations. Two representative pH levels corresponding to circumneutral physiological conditions of blood (pH 7.4) and acidic tumor microenvironment (pH 5.5) are considered. Our calculations demonstrate that pH plays a key role in protein‐ligand interactions with small pH changes leading to several orders of magnitude increase in binding affinity. By identifying the binding pocket in the PD‐1/PD‐L1 complex, we show a pivotal role of the His68 protonation state of PD‐1in the complex stabilization at low pH. The results on the reaction rate constants are in qualitative agreement with available experimental data. The obtained molecular details are important for further engineering of binding/unbinding kinetics to formulate more efficient immune checkpoint blockade strategies.
Processing new types of quality data
Authors: Marmor Yariv N. , Bashkansky Emil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuality engineers are increasingly faced with the need to deal with new types of data, which are significantly different from ordinary numerical data by virtue of their nature and the operations that can be performed with them. Basic concepts related to processing of such data, ie, data similarity, measurement system analysis, variation analysis, and data fusion, need to be thoroughly rethought. Reviewing recent publications in the field, we suggest a common approach to processing all data types on the basis of the idea of defining the distance metric for the appropriate data space. The article discusses six types of quality data (nominal, ordinal, preference chains, strings, tree structured, and product/process distribution) and four data processing aspects (calculating data similarity, error description, data fusion, and intradispersion and interdispersion studies). Necessary information and recommendations are given for each combination of data type and problem. They are also summarized in a table that refers the reader to various sections of the article. Any other data type for which the distance metric is definable can be included into the framework of the proposed unified approach.
Synthesis of 1H‐Isochromenes, 4H‐Chromenes and Orthoaminocarbonitrile Tetrahydronaphthalenes by CaMgFe2O4 Base Nanocatalyst
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Mohammadi Somaye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDesigning protocols for the preparation of nanocatalyst in order to increase the yield of an organic reaction is a challenging task in modern chemistry. CaMgFe2O4 is a base nanocatalyst that prepared through sol‐gel method. This nanocatalyst has used for the synthesis of 1H‐isocromenes, 4H‐chromenes and ortho‐aminocarbonitrile tetrahydronaphthalenes through the multi‐component reactions. The starting materials for all of the reactions are cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde and malononitrile and the reaction followed with Michael addition and cyclization. Therefore, the different multicomponent reactions from the same materials arranged by using CaMgFe2O4 base nanocatalyst. The catalyst identified with XRD, EDX, SEM, VSM and XPS techniques and the organic compounds recognized with melting point, FT‐IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses.
Application of Interrupted Pummerer Reaction Mediated (IPRm) Glycosylation in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Zeng Jing , Meng Lingkui , Wan Qian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough numerous glycosylation methods have been developed for the construction of glycosidic bonds, the pace of discovering rapid assembly strategies to access complex glycosidic linkages never stops. Over the last several years, we have introduced interrupted Pummerer reaction into carbohydrate chemistry and developed two pairs of latent/active glycosyl donors, OPTB/OPSB and SPTB/SPSB glycosides. After thorough investigation of the reaction mechanism and establishment of the substrate scopes, the extension of these novel glycosylation methods to synthesize naturally occurring biological active glycoconjugates was further illustrated. In this account, the development and especially the application of IPRm glycosylation in the synthesis of phenylethanoids and resin glycosides were introduced.
Structural elucidation of four flavonoid glycosides from Barringtonia acutangula
Authors: Van Quach Thi Thanh , Vien Le Thi , Hanh Tran Thi Hong , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Van Thanh Nguyen , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Van Minh Chau 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChromatographic separations of a methanol extract of Barringtonia acutangula leaves resulted in the isolation of four flavonoid glycosides. Using extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison with the reported data, their structures were elucidated as quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐(6‐p‐hydroxybenzoyl)galactopyranoside (1), quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (3), and quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (4).
Synthesis of g‐C3N4/ZnO composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light
Authors: Van Kim Nguyen , Nga Nguyen Thi Viet , Phuong Tran Thi Thu , Le Tuan Nguyen , Vien Vo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe g‐C3N4/ZnO composites were synthesized by heating a mixture of urea and ZnO at 500°C and denoted as g‐C3N4/ZnO‐w, where w is the weight ratio of urea/ZnO and equals to 3, 4 and 5. The obtained materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results showed that all g‐C3N4/ZnO‐w samples are composites of orthorhombic ZnO and g‐C3N4. The photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/ZnO‐w samples was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue in water under visible light. Among them, g‐C3N4/ZnO‐4 sample exhibits the highest photocatalytic efficiency. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity of the g‐C3N4/ZnO composites compared to single components, g‐C3N4 and ZnO was observed, which can be attributed to the reduction of combination rate of photogenerated electron – hole pairs in the composites.