bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender equality in marine sciences in Kiel, Germany: how project-funded measures can urge institutions to act
Authors: Kamm Ruth , Schelten Christiane K. , Braker Gesche 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In Kiel, in the north of Germany, marine research is rooted in a
lively research community hosted mainly at Kiel University and the GEOMAR
Helmholtz Centre. While the ratio of women and men is more or less balanced
on all qualification levels with mainly nonpermanent junior positions,
women are generally underrepresented in leading research positions. The
problem of gender imbalance and inequality has been well-known for a long
time. Especially in the last decade, however, manifold efforts were
initiated to improve gender equality on a political and institutional level as
well as within the research community itself. In our article we focus on
the gender equality activities of the two large externally funded marine
sciences research alliances: the Cluster of Excellence “The Future Ocean”
and the Collaborative Research Centre 754 “Climate–Biogeochemistry
Interactions in the Tropical Ocean”. For about a decade they offered both
financial provisions and a structural framework to tackle the problem of
women's underrepresentation in science and came up with innovative measures. In the following case study, we not only introduce the situation of women
in marine sciences in Kiel and the structural arrangement to improve gender
equality in general, but we also discuss three specific measures developed
within the two collaborative research projects in detail: (i) the mentoring
program via:mento_ocean for female postdocs, (ii) hiring
policies integrating a gender quota for recruiting postdoctoral researchers
and (iii) a code of conduct. Based on these best-practice examples we can
show that progress towards gender equality has been made despite some obstacles
faced when implementing the measures. This was especially the case for
attracting female researchers to work in Kiel marine sciences and bringing the
relevance of the topic to the surface of debates within the community.
Looking at gender equality activities from a managerial point of view, we
conclude from the situation in Kiel, where external funding for both research
alliances ended in 2019, that even time-bound activities can initiate
change. Initiatives developed by the marine sciences community were taken up
by other research groups and inspired new activities at the level of the
institutions involved.
Evaluation of possible corrosion enhancement due to telluric currents: case study of the Bolivia–Brazil pipeline
Authors: de Moraes Joyrles Fernandes , Paulino Igo , Alves Lívia R. , Denardini Clezio Marcos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The electric field induced in the Bolivia–Brazil gas pipeline (GASBOL) was calculated by using the distributed source line transmission (DSLT) theory during several space weather events. We used geomagnetic data collected by a fluxgate magnetometer located at São José dos Campos (23.2∘ S, 45.9∘ W). The total corrosion rate was calculated by using the Gummow (2002) methodology and was based on the assumption of a 1 cm hole in the coating of the pipeline. The calculations were performed at the ends of pipeline where the largest “out-of-phase”
pipe-to-soil potential (PSP) variations were obtained. The variations in PSP during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm have led to the greatest
corrosion rate of the analyzed events. All the space weather events evaluated with high terminating impedance may have contributed to increases in the corrosion process. The applied technique can be used to evaluate the corrosion rate due to the high telluric activity associated with the geomagnetic storms at specific locations.
Spatial database and website for reservoir-triggered seismicity in Brazil
Authors: Sayão Eveline , França George Sand , Holanda Maristela , Gonçalves Alexandro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. After confirming that impoundment of large reservoirs could cause
earthquakes, studies on reservoir-triggered seismicity (RTS) have had a
considerable scientific incentive. Most of the studies determined that the
vertical load increase due to reservoir load, and the reduction of effective force due to the increase in pore pressure, can modify the stress field in the reservoir region, possibly triggering earthquakes. In addition, the RTS is conditioned by several factors such as pre-existing tectonic stresses, reservoir height/weight, area-specific geological and hydromechanical conditions, constructive interaction between the orientation of seismotectonic forces, and additional load caused by the reservoir. One of the major challenges in studying RTS is to identify and correlate the factors in the area of influence of the reservoir, capable of influencing the RTS process itself. A spatial seismicity-triggered reservoir database was created to facilitate the research in this field, based on the specifications of the national spatial data infrastructure (INDE), and to assemble data pertinent to the RTS study in the area of reservoirs. In this context, this work presents the procedures and results found in the data processing of seismotectonic factors (dam height, reservoir capacity, lithology, and seismicity) and compared first to the dams that triggered earthquakes and secondly to the Brazilian dam list. The list has been updated with four more cases, making a total of 30 cases. The results indicate that the occurrence of RTS increases significantly with dam height since dams less than 50 m high cause only 2 % of earthquakes while those higher than 100 m cause about 54 %. The reservoir volume also plays a role, and it was estimated that RTS occurrence requires a limiting minimum value of 1×10-4 km3. There was no clear correlation between the geology and geological provinces with RTS. The delayed response time of the reservoirs represents 43 % of the total; that is, almost half of them have hydraulic behavior. The highest magnitude, 4.2, was observed at a reservoir with a volume greater than 10−3 km3. As a practical outcome, to assist the analysis by the general community, the web viewer RISBRA (Reservoir Induced Seismicity in Brazil) was developed to serve as an interactive platform for Reservoir-Triggered Seismicity Database (BDSDR) data.
Epidemiology of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in the state of Qatar
Authors: Khan Dr Adnan , Shaikh Dr Nissar , Khan Dr Mohsin , Alkubaisi Dr Aisha , Al Rumaihi D Ghaya , Al-Sulaiti Dr Ghanem , Ayyad Dr Ali 
Published: July 2020

Background: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the significant etiologies for stroke. SAH causes higher morbidity and mortality with loss of productivity, resulting in increased disease burden. Only few studies in Qatar have reported on SAH, and the epidemiological features of SAH and aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) have not been comprehensively studied before in Qatar. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of patients with SAH and aSAH in the State of Qatar.
Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with SAH and/or ruptured aneurysm who were consecutively admitted to Hamad General Hospital (600-bed tertiary care facility) from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016. We performed a quantitative analysis of demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, interventions, and overall mortality. We used SPSS version 18 for data entry. We used chi-square and student t tests to compare the groups. We considered p < 0.05 as statistically significant.
Results: The study included 323 patients with aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal SAH. The mean age at presentation was 47.4 ± 12.2 years. Men comprised 68.7% of the cases. Further, 86.6% of the patients presented with acute-onset headache. Additionally, 217 patients had 1 aneurysm, and 32 patients had multiple aneurysms. Anterior communicating artery aneurysm has been found to be the most common aneurysm. Non-aneurysmal SAH occurred in 74 patients (22.9%), with male predominance. Moreover, 23.7% and 52.6% of the patients underwent microsurgical clipping and coiling of the aneurysm, respectively. The overall mortality in World Federation of Neurosurgeon Score (WFNS) grades 1 and 2 SAH was lesser than that in higher grades (28.6% vs 71.4%). Of 323 patients, 69 died within 1 month post-ictus, accounting for an overall mortality rate of 21.2% in our study.
Conclusions: The annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH in Qatar has been increasing. Men had a higher incidence of aSAH. Internal carotid aneurysms have been found to be more common in Qatari women, which may have a genetic basis. Lower WFNS grades of aSAH have been associated with better prognosis. The overall mortality associated with aSAH in Qatar has declined over the last 3 years.
Optimal Decay Rates for Kirchhoff Plates with Intermediate Damping
Authors: Bravo J. C. V. , Oquendo H. P. , Rivera J. E. M. 
Published: July 2020

In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of Kirchhoff plates with intermediate damping. The damping considered contemplates the frictional and the Kelvin-Voigt type dampings. We show that the semigroup those equations decays polynomially in time at least with the rate t^{-1/(2-2θ)}, where θ is a parameter in the interval [0,1[. Moreover, we prove that this decay rate is optimal.
Nature analytique des raisonnements d’élèves au début du secondaire : qu’en est-il lors de la résolution de problèmes visant le développement de la pensée algébrique?
Authors: Adihou Adolphe 
Published: July 2020

L’article présente les résultats d’une recherche visant à documenter la nature analytique des raisonnements mobilisés par les élèves de 12 à 14 ans du premier cycle du secondaire (première secondaire et deuxième secondaire) au Québec dans la résolution de problèmes de comparaison en vue du développement de la pensée algébrique. Nous avons effectué des analyses qui consistent à cerner la nature analytique de ces raisonnements et la nature des registres de représentation utilisés. Elles ont permis de mettre en évidence trois grandes catégories de raisonnements : non analytiques, à tendance analytique et analytiques, ainsi que trois grandes catégories de registres de représentation : purement numérique, intermédiaire et algébrique. Nous présentons d’abord les catégories et les types de raisonnements, ensuite nous ferons une comparaison entre la première secondaire et la deuxième secondaire et enfin nous conclurons par l’importance de plonger l’élève très tôt dans les activités mathématiques riches et pertinentes qui contribuent au développement de la pensée algébrique.
Influence of Sports Dietitian on the Dietary Intake and Hydration Habits of Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Kaur Navjot , Kaur Amarjot 
Published: July 2020

Aim: The present study was conducted to study the difference between the dietary intake and hydration habits of collegiate athletes with or without sports dietician.
Methods: A total of 120 athletes participating in 5 sports viz. hockey, basketball, handball, football and volleyball from two Universities were selected. Sixty athletes (30 males and 30 females) from Punjab Agricultural University without provision of sports dietician were treated as control group and sixty athletes (30 males and 30 females) from Punjabi University following sports dietician were treated as experimental group.
Results: The findings suggested that the athletes of experimental group had a normal Body Mass Index (BMI). The overall nutrient intake findings revealed that the macronutrient as well as micronutrient intake of experimental group athletes was significantly (p≤0.01) higher than the athletes of control group. Experimental group athletes followed better nutritional habits during team trips, before and after exercise, during in-season and off-season of their workout and followed proper hydration guidelines.
Conclusion: The athletes following sports dietician have better nutritional status and hydration habits.
The timescale of environmental fluctuations determines the competitive advantages of phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution
Authors: Kasada Minoru , Yoshida Takehito 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganisms can respond to fluctuating environments by phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution, both occurring on similar timescales to the environmental fluctuations. Because each adaptation mechanism has been independently studied, the effects of different adaptation mechanisms on ecological dynamics are not well understood. Here, using mathematical modeling, we compared the advantages of phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolution under conditions where the environment fluctuated between two states on various timescales. The results indicate that the advantages of phenotypic plasticity under environmental fluctuations on different timescales depend on the cost and the speed of plasticity. Both the speed of plastic adaptation and the cost of plasticity affect competition results, while the quantitative effects of them vary depending on the timescales. When the environment fluctuates on short timescales, the two populations with evolution and plasticity coexist, although the population with evolution is dominant. On moderate timescales, the two populations also coexist; however, the population with plasticity becomes dominant. On long timescales, whether the population with phenotypic plasticity or evolution is more advantageous depended on the cost of plasticity. Moreover, our results indicate that the mechanisms resulting in the dominance of the plastic population over the population with evolution are different depending on the timescales of environmental fluctuations. Therefore, the timescales of environmental fluctuations deserve more attention if we are to better understand the detailed competition results underlying phenotypic variation.
Impact of Reactive Amphiphilic Copolymers on Mechanical Properties and Cell Responses of Fibrin‐Based Hydrogels
Authors: Al Enezy‐Ulbrich Miriam Aischa , Malyaran Hanna , de Lange Robert Dirk , Labude Norina , Plum René , Rütten Stephan , Terefenko Nicole , Wein Svenja , Neuss Sabine , Pich Andrij 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMechanical properties of hydrogels can be modified by the variation of structure and concentration of reactive building blocks. One promising biological source for the synthesis of biocompatible hydrogels is fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is a glycoprotein in blood, which can be transformed enzymatically to fibrin playing an important role in wound healing and clot formation. In the present work, it is demonstrated that hybrid hydrogels with their improved mechanical properties, tunable internal structure, and enhanced resistance to degradation can be synthesized by a combination of fibrinogen and reactive amphiphilic copolymers. Water‐soluble amphiphilic copolymers with tunable molecular weight and controlled amounts of reactive epoxy side groups are used as reactive crosslinkers to reinforce fibrin hydrogels. In the present work, copolymers that can influence the mechanical properties of fibrin‐based hydrogels are used. The reactive copolymers increase the storage modulus of the hydrogels from 600 Pa to 30 kPa. The thickness of fibrin fibers is regulated by the copolymer concentration. It could be demonstrated that the fibrin‐based hydrogels are biocompatible and support cell proliferation. Their degradation rate is considerably slower than that of native fibrin gels. In conclusion, fibrin‐based hydrogels with tunable elasticity and fiber thickness useful to direct cell responses like proliferation and differentiation are produced.
Pt Dopant: Controlling the Ir Oxidation States toward Efficient and Durable Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media
Authors: Choi Songa , Park Jongsik , Kabiraz Mrinal Kanti , Hong Youngmin , Kwon Taehyun , Kim Taekyung , Oh Aram , Baik Hionsuck , Lee Minseop , Paek Seung‐Min , Choi Sang‐Il , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDissolution of Ir oxides in Ir‐based catalysts, which is closely linked to the catalyst activity and stability toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media, is a critical unresolved problem in the commercialization of water electrolysis. Doping foreign elements into the Ir oxides can accomplish an optimal combination of Ir oxidation states that is conducive to the leaching‐resistance of active catalytic sites. Here, it is reported that Pt doping into IrOx‐based nanoframe is beneficial in both terms of activity and stability. The Pt‐doped IrOx‐based nanoframe achieves the mass activity of 0.644 A mg−1Ir+Pt at 1.53 VRHE, which is 15‐fold higher than that of the commercial IrO2. During the accelerated durability test, the IrIV‐to‐IrIII ratio of 5 is maintained in the presence of Pt dopant to effectively mitigate the degradation of Ir catalyst, leading to the superb catalyst durability in acidic media.
Glucose Oxidase‐Related Cancer Therapies
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Yang Jingxian , Dong Chunyan , Shi Shuo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlucose oxidase (GOx), which catalyzes the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of oxygen (O2), has aroused growing interest for cancer therapy. GOx can starve tumor cells to death by depleting glucose, which is very important for their energy supply, and the generated H2O2 is can be used for oxidation therapy. In addition, GOx‐catalyzed glucose oxidation exerts a variety of effects on the tumor environment, such as enhancing hypoxia and increasing acidity. The full use of these characteristics can effectively reduce side effects and enhance the therapeutic efficiency of GOx‐related cancer therapies. As is generally acknowledged, it is difficult to completely eliminate tumors with a single treatment, whereas combining two or more therapies may yield super‐additive results because when properly designed, different treatments can compensate for the shortcomings of the other treatments and bring out the best in each other. In view of these facts, enhanced therapies and combination therapies related to glucose oxidation have been widely studied, and this review provides a systematic overview of recent research on GOx‐related cancer therapies (especially starvation therapy) from the perspective of glucose oxidation (including the reaction itself, oxygen, enzymes, gluconic acid, and H2O2) and other combination therapies.
A Cell‐Free Platform Based on Nisin Biosynthesis for Discovering Novel Lanthipeptides and Guiding their Overproduction In Vivo
Authors: Liu Ran , Zhang Yuchen , Zhai Guoqing , Fu Shuai , Xia Yao , Hu Ben , Cai Xuan , Zhang Yan , Li Yan , Deng Zixin , Liu Tiangang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLanthipeptides have extensive therapeutic and industrial applications. However, because many are bactericidal, traditional in vivo platforms are limited in their capacity to discover and mass produce novel lanthipeptides as bacterial organisms are often critical components in these systems. Herein, the development of a cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform that enables rapid genome mining, screening, and guided overproduction of lanthipeptides in vivo is described. For proof‐of‐concept studies, a type I lanthipeptide, nisin, is selected. Four novel lanthipeptides with antibacterial activity are identified among all nisin analogs in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database in a single day. Further, the CFPS platform is coupled with a screening assay for anti‐gram‐negative bacteria growth, resulting in the identification of a potent nisin mutant, M5. The titers of nisin and the nisin analog are found to be improved with CFPS platform guidance. Owing to the similarities in biosynthesis, the CFPS platform is broadly applicable to other lanthipeptides, thereby providing a universal method for lanthipeptide discovery and overproduction.
In Situ Fragmented Bismuth Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Yao Dazhi , Tang Cheng , Li Laiquan , Xia Bingquan , Vasileff Anthony , Jin Huanyu , Zhang Yanzhao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising alternative to the energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. Among the possible electrocatalysts, bismuth‐based materials have shown unique NRR properties due to their electronic structures and poor hydrogen evolution activity. However, identification of the active sites and reaction mechanism is still difficult due to structural and chemical changes under reaction potentials. Herein, in situ Raman spectroscopy, complemented by electron microscopy, is employed to investigate the structural and chemical transformation of the Bi species during the NRR. Nanorod‐like bismuth‐based metal–organic frameworks are reduced in situ and fragment into densely contacted Bi0 nanoparticles under the applied potentials. The fragmented Bi0 nanoparticles exhibit excellent NRR performance in both neutral and acidic electrolytes, with an ammonia yield of 3.25 ± 0 .08 µg cm−2 h−1 at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and a Faradaic efficiency of 12.11 ± 0.84% at −0.6 V in 0.10 m Na2SO4. Online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry detects the production of NH3 and N2H2 during NRR, suggesting a possible pathway through two‐step reduction and decomposition. This work highlights the importance of monitoring and optimizing the electronic and geometric structures of the electrocatalysts under NRR conditions.
Early peripheral blast cell clearance predicts minimal residual disease status and refines disease prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mannelli Francesco , Gianfaldoni Giacomo , Bencini Sara , Piccini Matteo , Cutini Ilaria , Bonetti Maria Ida , Scappini Barbara , Pancani Fabiana , Ponziani Vanessa , Chiarini Marco , Borlenghi Erika , Bassan Renato , Rossi Giuseppe , Bosi Alberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMinimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is increasingly used in risk stratification. However, several issues around this use are unresolved, including, among others, the most suitable time‐point(s) for its application. Overall, late assessments appear more effective at distinguishing outcome but, in some studies, the early evaluations were already highly informative, anticipating the value of later ones. Our work integrated MRD with peripheral blast clearance (PBC), a treatment‐related biomarker previously demonstrated to be a powerful predictor of response. From 2007 to 2014, we have studied 120 patients treated according to the NILG 02‐06 trial and who achieved CR after induction. Patients in PBC‐defined categories (separated by a 1.5‐log threshold) showed significantly different probabilities of attaining MRD negativity, after either induction (MRD1) or consolidation (MRD2). Peripheral blast clearance combined with MRD1 largely anticipated MRD2‐related information: when both biomarkers predicted chemosensitive disease (PBChigh/MRD1neg), the rate of MRD2‐negativity was 90%, and DFS and OS estimates were 68% and 76% at 3 years, respectively. When both markers were unfavorable (PBClow/MRD1pos), rates of MRD2 negativity, DFS, and OS were 20%, 34%, and 24%, respectively, at 3 years. In fact, MRD2 added prognostic value only in cases with discordant PBC/MRD1 data. Our data support a reasoned timing for MRD‐based therapeutic decisions, modulated on individual chemosensitivity, an approach we have implemented in a forthcoming prospective multi‐center trial by Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA).