bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Friction Performance of Hierarchical Biomimetic Surface Pattern Inspired by Frog Toe‐Pad
Authors: Banik Arnob , Tan Kwek‐Tze 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the dynamic friction performance of frog toe‐pad inspired surface patterns is investigated in three folds. First, frog toe‐pad morphology is mimicked, designed, and fabricated using 3D printing technology. Friction coefficients of the models are measured experimentally over a wet medium, with varying velocity, load, and sliding direction. Furthermore, time is recorded to reach a 5 mm height by the water flow through a steady model in another experimental set‐up. Second, numerical simulation is employed to study the contact area, sliding displacement, and frictional stress of the model tread patterns. Surfaces with different low frictional coefficients are considered to simulate the presence of wet medium and surface roughness. Third, an analytical model is utilized to calculate the water squeeze‐out time, as well as the height difference of drained water during wet surface conditions. Among three different bioinspired models, built to compare with a sample tire design, the double‐layered studded hexagonal pattern shows the best wet traction performance. This study demonstrates that the bioinspired hierarchical studded hexagonal model can provide design solutions for future tire treads with enhanced wet friction performances, as well as applications in products requiring surface wet traction enhancement, including boot soles, roller surfaces, and surgical grippers.
2H‐MoS2 as an Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interface in All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kızılaslan Abdulkadir , Çetinkaya Tuğrul , Akbulut Hatem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries are considered the next‐generation energy storage systems. However, certain problems arise from the degradation of anode–electrolyte interface hindering their use especially when lithium is used as an anode. Herein, lithium metal anode surface is modified by an artificial 2H‐MoS2 layer to prevent the contact between highly reactive lithium and solid electrolyte without sacrificing the lithium ion transport. The stabilization of the electrode/electrolyte interface is attributed to the electrochemical stability of the 2H‐MoS2 layer. Besides, high ionic conductivity and selective sieving nature of layered MoS2 neither prevents the electrochemical reactions nor increases the total impedance of the cell. Electrochemical stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface is shown by long‐term chronoamperometry and chronovoltammetry tests. By stabilizing electrode/electrolyte interface, initial and final discharge capacities of 675.8 and 584.1 mAh g−1, respectively, is obtained at 0.4 mA cm−2 current density in MoS2@Li/Li7P3S11/S. After 200 cycles, discharge capacity fade is obtained as 13.58% and 27.3% for the cells assembled with MoS2@Li and bare Li anodes, respectively.
Reflective‐Type Transparent/Colored Mirror Switchable Device Using Reversible Electrodeposition with Fabry–Perot Interferometer
Authors: Sung Chihun , Han Jisu , Song Juhee , Ah Chil Seong , Cho Seong M. , Kim Tae‐Youb 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReversible electrodeposition (RED) devices have been considered as the optical transmittance or reflectance switchable display for the reflective display applications. In this study, transparent/colored mirror switchable RED device is demonstrated by integrating the Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometer. Indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐based FP interference effect is utilized for color filter to emit particular wavelength. Color‐switchable RED cells are researched using ITO (red, green, and blue (RGB)) films and tungsten (W) films as partially reflective layers for the cavities. The red/green/blue colored mirrors are developed according to ITO thickness as the Ag film deposit. Then, the ITO (RGB) pixelated RED devices are investigated by differential deposition process. In the 25 × 25 µm2 sized ITO (RGB) micro‐subpixels mirror, the high transparent and high reflectivity states are successfully achieved, which can be applied to reflective‐type transparent displays.
A 3D Biohybrid Real‐Scale Model of the Brain Cancer Microenvironment for Advanced In Vitro Testing
Authors: Tricinci Omar , De Pasquale Daniele , Marino Attilio , Battaglini Matteo , Pucci Carlotta , Ciofani Gianni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe modeling of the pathological microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS) represents a disrupting approach for drug screening for advanced therapies against tumors and neuronal disorders. The in vitro investigations of the crossing and diffusion of drugs through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are still not completely reliable, due to technological limits in the replication of 3D microstructures that can faithfully mimic the in vivo scenario. Here, an innovative 1:1 scale 3D‐printed realistic biohybrid model of the brain tumor microenvironment, with both luminal and parenchyma compartments, is presented. The dynamically controllable microfluidic device, fabricated through two‐photon lithography, enables the triple co‐culture of hCMEC/D3 cells, forming the internal biohybrid endothelium of the capillaries, of astrocytes, and of magnetically‐driven spheroids of U87 glioblastoma cells. Tumor spheroids are obtained from culturing glioblastoma cells inside 3D microcages loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The system proves to be capable in hindering dextran diffusion through the bioinspired BBB, while allowing chemotherapy‐loaded nanocarriers to cross it. The proper formation of the selective barrier and the good performance of the anti‐tumor treatment demonstrate that the proposed device can be successfully exploited as a realistic in vitro model for high‐throughput drug screening in CNS diseases.
Pushing and Pulling on Ropes: Hierarchical Woven Materials
Authors: Moestopo Widianto P. , Mateos Arturo J. , Fuller Ritchie M. , Greer Julia R. , Portela Carlos M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHierarchy in natural and synthetic materials has been shown to grant these architected materials properties unattainable independently by their constituent materials. While exceptional mechanical properties such as extreme resilience and high deformability have been realized in many human‐made three‐dimensional (3D) architected materials using beam‐and‐junction‐based architectures, stress concentrations and constraints induced by the junctions limit their mechanical performance. A new hierarchical architecture in which fibers are interwoven to construct effective beams is presented. In situ tension and compression experiments of additively manufactured woven and monolithic lattices with 30 µm unit cells demonstrate the superior ability of woven architectures to achieve high tensile and compressive strains (>50%)—without failure events—via smooth reconfiguration of woven microfibers in the effective beams and junctions. Cyclic compression experiments reveal that woven lattices accrue less damage compared to lattices with monolithic beams. Numerical studies of woven beams with varying geometric parameters present new design spaces to develop architected materials with tailored compliance that is unachievable by similarly configured monolithic‐beam architectures. Woven hierarchical design offers a pathway to make traditionally stiff and brittle materials more deformable and introduces a new building block for 3D architected materials with complex nonlinear mechanics.
Sleep‐disordered breathing and nocturnal hypoventilation in children with the MECP2 duplication syndrome: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: van Baelen Amber , Verhoustraeten Louise , Kenis Sandra , Meuwissen Marije , Boudewyns An , van Hoorenbeeck Kim , Verhulst Stijn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is limited knowledge on the occurrence of respiratory manifestations and sleep‐disordered breathing in particular in children with the MECP2 duplication syndrome. Although sleep‐disordered breathing and nocturnal hypoventilation are currently not cited as an important symptom in these children, we present three cases who all had an abnormal breathing during sleep. In view of the consequences associated with sleep apnea and hypoventilation, we advise to perform a polysomnography in children with MECP2 duplication. Different treatment modalities (ENT surgery, CPAP, and non‐invasive ventilation) can be applied to successfully treat these conditions.
Sleep Disruption in Epilepsy: Ictal and Interictal Epileptic Activity Matter
Authors: Peter‐Derex Laure , Klimes Petr , Latreille Véronique , Bouhadoun Sarah , Dubeau François , Frauscher Birgit 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveDisturbed sleep is common in epilepsy. The direct influence of nocturnal epileptic activity on sleep fragmentation remains poorly understood. Stereo‐electroencephalography paired with polysomnography is the ideal tool to study this relationship. We investigated whether sleep‐related epileptic activity is associated with sleep disruption.MethodsWe visually marked sleep stages, arousals, seizures, and epileptic bursts in 36 patients with focal drug‐resistant epilepsy who underwent combined stereo‐electroencephalography/polysomnography during presurgical evaluation. Epileptic spikes were detected automatically. Spike and burst indices (n/sec/channel) were computed across four 3‐second time windows (baseline sleep, pre‐arousal, arousal, and post‐arousal). Sleep stage and anatomic localization were tested as modulating factors. We assessed the intra‐arousal dynamics of spikes and their relationship with the slow wave component of non‐rapid eye‐movement sleep (NR) arousals.ResultsThe vast majority of sleep‐related seizures (82.4%; 76.5% asymptomatic) were followed by awakenings or arousals. The epileptic burst index increased significantly before arousals as compared to baseline and postarousal, irrespective of sleep stage or brain area. A similar pre‐arousal increase was observed for the spike index in NR stage 2 and rapid eye‐movement sleep. In addition, the spike index increased during the arousal itself in neocortical channels, and was strongly correlated with the slow wave component of NR arousals (r = 0.99, p < 0.0001).InterpretationSleep fragmentation in focal drug‐resistant epilepsy is associated with ictal and interictal epileptic activity. The increase in interictal epileptic activity before arousals suggests its participation in sleep disruption. An additional increase in the spike rate during arousals may result from a sleep–wake boundary instability, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:907–920
High‐Speed Quantum Transducer with a Single‐Photon Emitter in a 2D Resonator
Authors: Gao Xingyu , Yin Zhang‐Q. , Li Tongcang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantum transducers can transfer quantum information between different systems. Microwave–optical photon conversion is important for future quantum networks to interconnect remote superconducting quantum computers with optical fibers. Here, a high‐speed quantum transducer based on a single‐photon emitter in an atomically thin membrane resonator, that can couple single microwave photons to single optical photons, is proposed. The 2D resonator is a freestanding van der Waals heterostructure (which may consist of hexagonal boron nitride, graphene, or other 2D materials) that hosts a quantum emitter. The mechanical vibration (phonon) of the 2D resonator interacts with optical photons by shifting the optical transition frequency of the single‐photon emitter with strain or the Stark effect. The mechanical vibration couples to microwave photons by shifting the resonant frequency of an LC circuit that includes the membrane. Thanks to the small mass of the 2D resonator, both the single‐photon optomechanical coupling strength and the electromechanical coupling strength can reach the strong coupling regime. This provides a way for high‐speed quantum state transfer between a microwave photon, a phonon, and an optical photon.
Operando NRIXS and XAFS Investigation of Segregation Phenomena in Fe‐Cu and Fe‐Ag Nanoparticle Catalysts during CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Kunze Sebastian , Grosse Philipp , Bernal Lopez Miguel , Sinev Ilya , Zegkinoglou Ioannis , Mistry Hemma , Timoshenko Janis , Hu Michael Y. , Zhao Jiyong , Alp Ercan E. , Chee See Wee , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOperando nuclear resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (NRIXS) and X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy (XAFS) measurements were used to gain insight into the structure and surface composition of FeCu and FeAg nanoparticles (NPs) during the electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) and to extract correlations with their catalytic activity and selectivity. The formation of a core–shell structure during CO2RR for FeAg NPs was inferred from the analysis of the operando NRIXS data (phonon density of states, PDOS) and XAFS measurements. Electrochemical analysis of the FeAg NPs revealed a faradaic selectivity of 36 % for CO in 0.1 M KHCO3 at −1.1 V vs. RHE, similar to that of pure Ag NPs. In contrast, a predominant selectivity towards H2 evolution is obtained in the case of the FeCu NPs, analogous to the results obtained for pure Fe NPs, although small Cu NPs have also been shown to favor H2 production.
Palladium complex embedded crosslinked polystyrene nanofibers as a green and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for coupling reactions
Authors: Zhang Benben , Ye Zeyu , Qin Min , Wang Qingqing , Du Yijun , Qi Chenze , Shao Linjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA simple and green chemical modification coupled with electrospinning technique has been developed to incorporate tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium [Pd(PPh3)4] inside crosslinked polystyrene nanofibers (Pd@CPS) as an efficient and stable heterogeneous palladium catalyst. The catalytic activities and recyclabilities of the prepared Pd@CPS catalyst have been evaluated by using Suzuki and Heck reactions of various aromatic halides separately with phenylboronic acid and alkenes. The Pd@CPS exhibited high‐catalytic activities for the Suzuki and Heck reactions of aromatic iodides to afford the products in excellent yields (coupling yields >88%). The catalytic activities and the nanofiber structure remained essentially unchanged even after recycling for five times. The high activities and stabilities of the prepared Pd@CPS catalyst can be attributed to the ultrafine fiber and embedment of palladium active species inside the nanofibers.
Rotation of solar‐like stars in the immediate solar neighborhood
Authors: Schmitt Jürgen H. M. M. , Mittag Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough photometric space‐based missions such as CoRoT or Kepler have yielded rotation measurements of many thousands of late‐type stars during the last decade, the rotational properties of the bulk of the G star population remain undetected by these missions. From the Sun (when viewed as a star), we know that rotation measurements in the ultraviolet are the most promising, or more general, measurements in wavelength regions very sensitive to plage areas on the stars. Therefore, the “classical” S‐index, that is, the strength of the Ca II H&K line core emission, is still the most viable activity and rotation indicator, and with robotic spectroscopy telescopes, such monitoring measurements can be carried out efficiently and economically. We define a complete volume‐limited sample of solar stars in the immediate solar environment and present period measurements in Ca II H&K, both from archival Mount Wilson data and new data obtained with our robotic TIGRE facility.
Evaluation of the radiation response and regenerative effects of mesenchymal stem cell‐conditioned medium in an intestinal organoid system
Authors: Kim Young‐Heon , Han Sung‐Hoon , Kim Hyewon , Lee Sun‐Joo , Joo Hyun‐Woo , Kim Min‐Jung , Shim Sehwan , Kim Kyuchang , Lee Janet , Jang Won‐Suk , Park Sunhoo , Jang Hyosun , Lee Seung Bum 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntestinal organoids have recently emerged as an in vitro model relevant to the gut system owing to their recapitulation of the native intestinal epithelium with crypt–villus architecture. However, it is unclear whether intestinal organoids reflect the physiology of the in vivo stress response. Here, we systemically investigated the radiation response in organoids and animal models using mesenchymal stem cell‐conditioned medium (MSC‐CM), which contains secreted paracrine factors. Irradiated organoids exhibited sequential induction of viability loss and regrowth after irradiation (within 12 days), similar to the response of the native intestinal epithelium. Notably, treatment with MSC‐CM facilitated the reproliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and restoration of damaged crypt‐villus structures in both models. Furthermore, Wnt/Notch signaling pathways were commonly upregulated by MSC‐CM, but not radiation, and pharmacologically selective inhibition of Wnt or Notch signaling attenuated the enhanced recovery of irradiated organoids, with increases in ISCs, following MSC‐CM treatment. Interestingly, the expression of Wnt4, Wnt7a, and active β‐catenin was increased, but not notch family members, in MSC‐CM‐treated organoid after irradiation. Treatment of recombinant mouse Wnt4 and Wnt7a after irradiation improved to some extent intestinal epithelial regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results suggested that intestinal organoids recapitulated the physiological stress response of the intestinal epithelium in vivo. Thus, our findings provided important insights into the physiology of intestinal organoids and may contribute to the development of strategies to enhance the functional maturation of engineered organoids.
Paclitaxel exposure: Long‐term safety and effectiveness of a drug‐coated balloon for claudication in pooled randomized trials
Authors: Schneider Peter A. , Brodmann Marianne , Mauri Laura , Laird John , Soga Yoshimitsu , Micari Antonio , Ansel Gary , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Krishnan Prakash , Gao Qi , Ouriel Kenneth , Zeller Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPaclitaxel drug‐coated balloons (DCB) prevent recurrent claudication after angioplasty, yet data from randomized trials with incomplete follow‐up have raised uncertainty regarding long‐term mortality.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of paclitaxel exposure on the long‐term safety and efficacy of angioplasty of femoropopliteal artery lesions in the combined IN.PACT randomized trials.MethodsThe IN.PACT randomized trials (SFA, N = 331 and Japan, N = 100) each compared the DCB with standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for claudication, and consented patients for 5 and 3 years, respectively. To address long‐term safety, sites were requested to obtain vital status follow‐up. In the pooled, updated data set, we examined the association between randomized treatment and mortality by cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR), and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD‐TLR). Multivariable Cox regression with adjustment for baseline characteristics was used to evaluate the dose effect. Causes of death were adjudicated by a blinded clinical events committee that included oncologists with paclitaxel expertise.ResultsThe rate of long‐term vital status ascertainment increased from 81% to 97% for DCB and from 85% to 97% for PTA in the IN.PACT SFA trial. The cumulative incidence of mortality was 14.7% DCB versus 12.0% PTA at 5 years, HR 1.39, log‐rank p = .286. Paclitaxel dose (mg) was not an independent predictor of mortality (HR 1.02, p = .381), but was an independent predictor of reduced risk of CD‐TLR (HR 0.79; p < .001). Causes of death did not differ by treatment arm.ConclusionsIn pooled randomized trial data with updated vital status ascertainment, paclitaxel was associated with improved efficacy but was not associated with increased mortality.
Dependence of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit Performance on H‐Oil Severity, Catalyst Activity, and Coke Selectivity
Authors: Stratiev Dicho , Shishkova Ivelina , Ivanov Mihail , Chavdarov Ivan , Yordanov Dobromir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of the quality of ebullated bed vacuum residue H‐Oil hydrocracking gas oils cracked in a commercial fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) on its performance was studied. Six different catalysts were employed in this study. Four catalysts were tested in a commercial FCCU, and two in a laboratory FCCU. An increase of the H‐Oil hydrocracker reaction temperature was associated with a decrease in the KW factor of the H‐Oil gas oils. The diminished KW factor of H‐Oil gas oils resulted in lower FCCU conversion and higher regenerator temperatures. The FCC conversion at maximum gasoline yield is best predicted by the feed KW factor. The higher‐activity, higher‐Δcoke catalyst is unfavorable for FCCU performance because the excessive regenerator temperature excursions require reduction of the throughput.
Synthesis of Benzazoles through Electrochemical Oxidative Cyclization Reactions
Authors: An Qi , He Chaoyin , Fan Xiaodong , Hou Chuanfu , Zhao Jian , Liu Yue , Liu Hao , Ma Junjie , Sun Zhizhong , Chu Wenyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn effective method for the synthesis of benzazoles through the electrochemical oxidative cyclization of o‐aminophenol/o‐aminothiophenol/o‐phenylenediamine and aldehydes was developed. A series of benzazoles were efficiently synthesized by using this method in good yields. Furthermore, this method was applied to the synthesis of the drug thiabendazole in a gram‐scale reaction, which proved the practicality of the method. This approach avoids using catalysts and oxidants, and has the advantages of wide substrate range, mild reaction conditions and good tolerance of functional groups. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism was proposed and supported by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and control experiments.
A survey on the techniques, applications, and performance of short text semantic similarity
Authors: Han Mengting , Zhang Xuan , Yuan Xin , Jiang Jiahao , Yun Wei , Gao Chen 
Published: August 2020

SummaryShort text similarity plays an important role in natural language processing (NLP). It has been applied in many fields. Due to the lack of sufficient context in the short text, it is difficult to measure the similarity. The use of semantics similarity to calculate textual similarity has attracted the attention of academia and industry and achieved better results. In this survey, we have conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis of semantic similarity. We first propose three categories of semantic similarity: corpus‐based, knowledge‐based, and deep learning (DL)‐based. We analyze the pros and cons of representative and novel algorithms in each category. Our analysis also includes the applications of these similarity measurement methods in other areas of NLP. We then evaluate state‐of‐the‐art DL methods on four common datasets, which proved that DL‐based can better solve the challenges of the short text similarity, such as sparsity and complexity. Especially, bidirectional encoder representations from transformer model can fully employ scarce information of short texts and semantic information and obtain higher accuracy and F1 value. We finally put forward some future directions.
Cu Atomic Chain Supported on Graphene Nanoribbon for Effective Conversion of CO2 to Ethanol
Authors: Shen Haoming , Sun Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Qiang Sun (Peking University, China). The image shows how Cu‐decorated zigzag graphene nanoribbons can catalyze CO2 reduction to ethanol with a small energy barrier and tunable selectivity. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202000476.