bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of codon usage pattern of whole genome in protozoa, Stylonychia lemnae
Authors: Wang Ying , Yao Lin , Fan Jinfeng , Zhang Xueying , Guo Changhong , Chen Ying 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Codon usage pattern is an important evolutionary feature in genomes widely observed in many organisms. Stylonychia lemnae is a classical model single-celled eukaryote, and a quintessential ciliate typified by dimorphic nuclei: a germline micronucleus and a vegetative macronucleus. Analysis of codon usage pattern of S. lemnae macronucleus genome helps in understanding evolution at molecular level and acquires signiﬁcance in mRNA translation, design of transgenic and new gene discovery.
Results: The codons of the macronucleus genome sequence of S. lemnae were analyzed and 20,750 coding sequences (CDS) were screened. The overall codon usage of S. lemnae is similar and slightly biased. The value of effective number of codons (ENC) showed that the overall extent of codon usage bias in S. lemnae is relatively high. Nucleotide analysis showed that the overall codon usage is biased toward A- and U-ending codons. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that ciliate is independent evolutionary origins from a common ancestor. The RSCU analysis showed that the codon usage pattern of S. lemnae is more similar to that of Thtrahymana thermophila and Paramecium caudatum . Correlation analysis, ENC-GC 3S plot, and PR2 plot indicated that the codon usage patterns of S. lemnae are not only influenced by mutational pressure but also by natural selection, but neutrality plot analysis showed that the latter plays a major role.
C onclusions : Codon usage patterns in eukaryotes are not determined by translational efficiency, but also are determined by the genome. Our study is the ﬁrst attempt to evaluate the codon usage pattern of S.lemnae macronucleus genome to better understand the evolutionary changes. These results built the base for further research on the molecular evolution of S. lemnae .
A causal model of public health administration, need for mental health care, and mental health status associated with mental health service utilization among Asian immigrant employees after ASEAN community’s policy
Authors: Kaewanuchit Chonticha , Sawangdee Yothin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background One important outcome national and international migration is the development of economies and societies worldwide. A rapid change amongst Asian immigrant employees who were working and settling down in Thailand, especially, Burmese, Lao, and Cambodian was that it lead to poor physical health and mental health. It lead into an incremental need for a system of public health administration because of the difficulties in accessing both the health service and beneficial health information after ASEAN community’s policy. The aim of this research was to analyze a causal model of public health administration, the need for mental health care, and mental health status associated with mental health service utilization among Asian immigrant employees after ASEAN community’s policy. Methods This study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey with 400 Asian immigrant employees. They were Burmese (200 cases), Lao (100 cases), and Cambodian (100 cases) in 2017. Measures included general characteristics, public health administration, the need for mental health care, and mental health status associated with mental health service utilization. A causal model for mental health service utilization among Asian immigrant employees were verified using path analysis. Result s Public health administration, the need for mental health care, and mental health status in each group all have a direct effect on mental health service utilization. Public health administration among Asian immigrants employees following the ASEAN community policy had the most direct effect on mental health service utilization with a standardized regression weight of 0.758 (p-value < 0.01). The ASEAN community policy; a mediator of this research, also had a direct effect on mental health service utilization. Conclusion This research demonstrates that Public health administration was an important factor related to mental health service utilization among Asian immigrants employees following the ASEAN community policy. It also recommends using qualitative methods for further research among Asian immigrant employees who are from developing countries. Key words: Public health administration; Need for mental health care; Mental health status; Asian immigrant employees; Mental health service utilization Trial Registration Number: The Thai Clinical Trials Registry code, Thailand was TCTR20170713001.
Knowledge of malaria prevention and control methods and associated factors among rural households in West Belesa district, North West Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Aragie Tsigie Baye 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction: In Ethiopia malaria is one of the top ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality.The two major malaria prevention services implemented in Ethiopia are targeted Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) with insecticides and distribution of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN). Community knowledge towards prevention and control methods had been proven to play important role for the implementation of effective and sustainable interventions against malaria. This information is limited in the study area regarding to knowledge and practice on malaria prevention and control. This study aimed to assess knowledge towards malaria prevention and control methods and its associated factors among households in West Bellessa district, 2019. Methods: Community based cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative study was conducted from April to June 2019 in West Bellessa district, Amhara region, North West Ethiopia. Multistage sampling was used to select an estimated sample size of 770. Pretested structured questionnaire was used for the quantitative component and semi-structured questionnaire for qualitative one. Quantitative data were coded and entered using Epi info software version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the associated factors. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of association. The qualitative data transcribed manually in thematic approach. Result: A total of 770 subjects were included in this study with 99.5% response rate. Of the total respondents 75.6% had good compressive knowledge about malaria prevention measures. Poorest wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.73], poor wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70], and medium wealth quintiles [AOR= 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.75], living in Menti Kebele [AOR= 3.01, 95% CI 1.87, 5.15], living in Abay tera kebele [AOR= 2.03, 95% CI 1.23, 3.34] were significantly associated with compressive knowledge about malaria prevention control.Conclusion: In overall there was relatively high knowledge of malaria prevention and control measures. There was decrement in the effect of LLIN and IRS as compared with the previous brands. Wealth index and respondents living kebele are predictors for malaria prevention knowledge of malaria.
Transcript profiles of stria vascularis in models of Waardenburg syndrome
Authors: Chen Linjun , Wang Yi , Chen Lei , wang Fangyuan , Ji Fei , Sun Wei , Zhao Hui , Han Weiju 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Waardenburg syndrome is a common syndromic hereditary deafness disease caused by stria vascularis dysfunction. However, the genetic pathway affecting stria vascularis development is still not clear. In this paper, the transcript profile of stria vascularis of Waardenburg syndrome was studied using Mitf-M mutant pigs and mice models. GO analysis was performed to identify the differential gene expression caused by Mitf-M mutation. Results: There were over than one hundred genes mainly found in tyrosine metabolism, melanin formation and ion transportations showed significant changes in both models. In addition, there were some spiced specific gene changes in the stria vascularis in the mouse and porcine models. The expression of tight junction-associated genes, including Cadm1, Cldn11, Pcdh1, Pcdh19 and Cdh24 genes , were significantly higher in porcine models compared to mouse models. Vascular-related and ion channel-related genes in the stria vascularis were also shown significantly difference between the two species. The expression of Col2a1, Col3a1, Col11a1 and Col11a2 genes were higher and the expression of Col8a2, Cd34 and Ncam genes were lower in the porcine model compared to mouse model. In both models, Trpm1, Kcnj13, and Slc45a2 genes were both affected by the Mitf-M mutation. In the pig models, the expression of Kcnn1, Clcn2 and Trpm4 genes were higher than the mouse model; whereas the expression of Trpm7, Kcnq1 and Kcnj8 genes were higher in the mouse models than the pig models. However, there was no significant difference in the morphology of the stria vascularis between these two models. Conclusions: Our data suggests that there is a significant difference on the gene expression and function between these two models.
Medically Underserved Community Integrative Health Education And Interprofessional Practice Model With First Year Physician Assistant, Physical Therapy, And Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Beck Barbra , Boos Karene , Bright Elizabeth , Leveille Wendie , Vega Amy , George Thomas E St. , Ruggeri Barbara , Hopp Jane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background This study presents a unique combined approach to integrative health education and interprofessional practice in primary care with first-year health science graduate students.Methodology Physician assistant, physical therapy, and occupational therapy students participated in an integrative health interprofessional curriculum and collaborated with Hispanic seniors in a medically underserved community while working on interprofessional teams. Impact on students’ knowledge and attitudes related to integrative health and interprofessional practice are assessed.Results Following exposure to the year-long curriculum, students demonstrated significant improvements in their knowledge of and attitudes towards integrative health and in their attitudes and perceived skills related to interprofessional practice.Conclusions Results suggest that the combined integrative health and interprofessional practice approach in a medically underserved community was successful in positively affecting related knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Further study related to longitudinal results is recommended.
Significance of genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis on α2 codon 30 (-GAG) (HBA2: c.91_93delGAG) mutation
Authors: Guan Zhiyang , Zhong Zeyan , He Hailin , Chen Dan , Zhong Guoxing , Yang Kunxiang , Chen Jianhong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Non-deletional hemoglobin (Hb) H disease is the severest form of α- thalassemia ( thal ) compatible with post-natal life, which is caused by the interaction of an α-globin gene mutation with α 0 -thal. Therefore, it is important to identify rare α-globin gene mutations for the prevention of severe form of non-deletional Hb H disease . Methods: In all, 61,796 samples were characterized at our center. Common α- and β- thalassemia mutations were detected by routine DNA analysis (gap-PCR and PCR-RDB ). The DNA sequencing of α-globin genes was performed to identify the unknown mutation. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0 statistical software. Results: Of the 61,796 samples, eight were identified as α2 codon 30 (-GAG) ( HBA2 : c.91_93delGAG) mutation s, and of these, four had coinheritance with - - SEA deletion Patients with the heterozygous α2 codon 30 (-GAG) ( HBA2 : c.91_93delGAG) mutation had significantly lower levels of MCV and MCH than healthy individuals ( p < 0.01), and coinheritance with - - SEA deletion aggravated the α-thal phenotype , associated with severe Hb H disease . Moreover, a significant difference in the clinical severity was found in the Hb H disease patients with the same genotype.Conclusions: This finding is of great significance for clinicians to provide accurate genetic counseling , particularly prenatal diagnosis and establish a rigorous diagnostic procedure .
The Predictability of Blocking Character in the Northern Hemisphere Using an Ensemble Forecast System
Authors: Reynolds DeVondria D. , Lupo Anthony R. , Jensen Andrew D. , Market Patrick S. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:Some weather extremes are the result of atmospheric blocking, which can be responsible for the stagnation of weather patterns. These large-scale quasi-stationary mid-latitude flow regimes can result in significant temperature and precipitation anomalies over the regions that the blocking event impacts or in the upstream and downstream regions.Methods:The ability to predict periods of anomalous weather conditions due to atmospheric blocking is a major problem for medium-range forecasting. Analyzing the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Ensemble 500-hPa pressure level heights (240 hrs.) ten-day forecasts, and using the University of Missouri blocking archive to identify blocking events, the forecasted onset, duration, and intensity of model blocking events are compared to observed blocks.Results and Discussion:The observed blocking events were identified using the University of Missouri blocking archive. Comparing these differences using four Northern Hemisphere case studies occurring over a one-year period across the Northern Hemisphere has shown the continued need for improvement in the duration and intensity of blocking events. Additionally, a comparison of the block intensity to a diagnostic known as the Integrated Regional Enstrophy (IRE) was performed in order to determine if there is a correlation between IRE and these quantities.Conclusion:Having a better understanding of block persistence and their associated anomalies can help society prepare for the damage they can cause.
STUDY ON GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT, AND NUTRITIVE PROPERTIES OF AERVA LANATA (L.) JUSS. COLLECTED FROM SELECTED REGIONS OF SHIMOGA, KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: PRASAD YADAV VENAKTESH , R ASHWATHANARAYANA , MS PADMASHREE 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Aerva lanata (L.) Juss., the plant ethanolic extract was subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, antioxidant, and nutritive experiment using standard methods.
Methods: Antioxidant experiment is done using 2, 2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl, 2, 2‑azobis‑3‑ethylbenthiozoline‑6‑sulfonic acid, superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxy radical scavenging, and metal‑chelating assays. Nutritive value is performed by double acid digestion followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Results: Antioxidant experiment revealed that A. lanata (L.) Juss. the plant ethanolic extract has good medicinal compounds exhibits excellent antioxidant activity in all tested experiments, but comparably less with the standards used. From nutritive value experiment, it is revealed that A. lanata (L.) Juss the plant has high iron content with rich macro‑ and micro‑nutrients.
Conclusion: A. lanata (L.) Juss. could be exploited as a valuable source of antioxidant agent enriching with nutrients.
SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ANALYSIS OF IXORA MACROTHYRSA (TEJISM. AND BINN.)
Authors: SARASWATHI G SURUTHI , DOSS D VICTOR AROKIA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemical screening and quantitative and in vitro antioxidant analysis of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Ixora macrothyrsa (Tejism. and Binn.)
Methods: The powdered plant material was extracted using different solvents for phytochemical screening. For the quantitative analysis, proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, free amino acids, and proline were estimated. In vitro antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, total phenols, chlorophyll, and carotenoids were also analyzed using standard methods.
Results: The preliminary qualitative analysis of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of I. macrothyrsa showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, and tannins. The secondary metabolites such as proteins, carbohydrates, tannin, free amino acid, and proline were quantified as 24.57±0.61 mg/g, 11.07±0.09 mg/g, 6.17±0.20 mg/g, 9.20±0.17 mg/g, and 34.47±0.44 mg/g, respectively. In vitro antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, total phenols, chlorophyll, and carotenoid were estimated to be 35.73±0.28 mg/g, 15.9±0. mg/g, 9.33±0.09 mg/g, and 5.9±0.58 mg/g, respectively.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of I. macrothyrsa showed the presence of major secondary metabolites and has potent antioxidant activity.
ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF RAUWOLFIA TETRAPHYLLA LEAF EXTRACT IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: Singh Aaditya , TRIPATHI SHALINI , PN SINGH 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Rauvolfia tetraphylla is a plant potentially applicable in Ayurvedic and Unani System of Medicine for the treatment of various diseases. However, the anticonvulsant activity of this plant has not been reported and studied. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of leaf from the plant R. tetraphylla is used to evaluate anticonvulsant activity.
Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was screened using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in Swiss albino mice. The ethanolic extract was also evaluated for rutin and gallic acid content by high-performance thin-layer chromatography studies.
Results: Rutin and gallic acid contents were found as 15.60% and 7.81%, respectively. Ethanolic leaf extract (100–800 mg/kg) significantly reduced the duration of seizures which was induced by MES. The same doses also protected animals from PTZ-induced tonic seizures.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that R. tetraphylla plant leaves have significant anticonvulsant activity.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BLUMEA MOLLIS (D.DON) MERRILL
Authors: V JYOTHILEKSHMY , NAIR G ANJALI , K VYSHAK , R NAIR RADHIKA , MURALIKRISHNAN AMRITA , BANU JIFITHA , PAPPACHEN LEENA K 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this research was to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the Blumea mollis.
Methods: In the present work, the phytochemicals of the whole plant were extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and distilled water. These were then screened for triterpenes/steroids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic acids using standard methods. Further, the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract was determined using Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Agar well diffusion method was employed for antimicrobial activity study, and the zone of inhibition was found out.
Results: The intensity of the color produced or the precipitate formed was used as the analytical response to these tests. Flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids showed positive results for phytochemical screening. The concentration of total phenols and flavonoids of the decoction was 45.5±0.2000 μg/ml gallic acid equivalent and 42.3±0.3606 μg/ml quercetin equivalent, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were inhibited by the methanolic extract of B. mollis in agar well diffusion test.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the methanolic extract of B. mollis contains glycosides, phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. Plant possesses significant antibacterial and antifungal property; the potent antimicrobial activity of the plant could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in it.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING AND ITS MANAGEMENT: PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Authors: KULKARNI MADHURI , PATIL ANANT 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze demographics, management pattern, and clinical outcomes in patients with organophosphorus poisoning.
Methods: In this subgroup analysis of retrospective data of patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of acute organophosphorus poisoning, demographic details, pattern of use of medicines, dose of atropine and pralidoxime (PRAM), duration of ICU stay, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.
Results: A total of 92 patients with organophosphorus poisoning (mean age 34.7 years; male 69 [75%]) were included. The age of male patients was more than female patients (36.2 vs. 30.0 years; p=0.047). Atropine and PRAM were given to all patients. Ondansetron was used in all patients, whereas ranitidine was used in 91 (98.9%) patients. The mean total dose of atropine in male and female population was 99.5 mg and 89.0 mg, respectively (p=0.298). The mean total dose of PRAM in male and female population was 12.2 mg and 12.0 mg, respectively (p=0.772). There was no difference in the mean (standard deviation) duration of stay in ICU between male patients and female patients (7.6 [4.5] vs. 6.4 [3.9] days; p=0.249). A total of 61 (66.3%) patients were transferred to the ward, whereas 30 (32.6%) died.
Conclusion: Atropine and PRAM are the primary drugs for the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning. Ondansetron and ranitidine are useful drugs for the treatment of vomiting and gastric irritation, respectively, in these patients.
RAPID, METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN AND CANAGLIFLOZIN IN PLASMA BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETER, APPLICATION TO BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY
Authors: RAO PURAM SAMBASIVA , G NITHYA , RAO NB SUBBA , BATHEJA RAMAN 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate a rapid selective bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of metformin and canagliflozin in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) to facilitate bioequivalence study sample analysis. Stock solutions and spiking solutions were prepared accurately in methanol and 80% methanol in water, respectively.
Methods: Chromatography monitored using Analyst 1.6.2 software. Method was found selective, no matrix effect, reproducible and consistent recovery, accuracy, precision, and stable in aqueous as well as extracted/matrix samples. Method found linear over the range 10–2000 ng/ml for metformin and 30–6000 ng/ml for canagliflozin. The method is successfully applied to analyze samples collected in a bioequivalence study after administration of metformin/canagliflozin 1000/150 mg to 24 healthy male volunteers.
Results: Extraction was carried out using a simple solid phase extraction using mobile phase elution. 5 μl sample delivered as injection volume in 1.000 ml/min isocratic mobile phase flow on turbo ion electron spray technique for positive mode on API 4000 MS.
Discussion: Chromatography achieved within 3 min using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium formate buffer in a ratio of 70:30 on chromolith C18 analytical column. Q1/Q3 are 130.1/70.1, 136.3/77.1, 462.2/267.2 (with ammonium adduct), and 466.4/267.1 for metformin, metformin D6, canagliflozin, and canagliflozin D4, respectively.
Conclusion: Rapid, sensitive method for the simultaneous estimation of metformin and canagliflozin in plasma by LC-MS/MS is successfully developed, validated and applied to analyze 960 unknown samples of a bioequivalence study. Incurred sample reanalysis was revealed great reproducibility.