bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kurs językowy jako porządkowanie, klasyfikowanie i normalizacja
Authors: Rudziński Grzegorz 
Published: December 2020

Uporządkowanie materiału językowego w kursie języka obcego zależy od licznych czynników ujmowanych w tzw. układach glottodydaktycznych. Stworzone w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu modele procesu glottodydaktycznego nie uwzględniały dotąd takich czynników, jak cel kursu językowego, program kursu i autor programu.
Zawartość programu zależy od przyjętego celu kursu. Autor programu tworzy go, stosując kryteria pragmatyczne, statystyczne i wewnątrzjęzykowe. Zjawiska językowe są w programie nauczania uporządkowane chronologicznie. Chronologia ta uwzględnia praktyczne potrzeby uczących się i statystykę zjawisk językowych, ale przede wszystkim relacje między prezentowanymi zjawiskami. Proponujemy autorskie uporządkowanie kursu języka polskiego jako obcego, w którym formy osobowe czasownika są prezentowane przed bezokolicznikiem; po mianowniku l. poj. następują miejscownik i dopełniacz, a dopiero potem biernik; prezentacja form dopełnienia bliższego zaczyna się od zaimków go, ją i je; czasy gramatyczne wprowadzamy w kolejności: teraźniejszy, przyszły dokonany, przeszły dokonany — potem dopiero niedokonane, jako nacechowane względem dokonanych, co pozwala prawidłowo używać aspektu.
Evaluation of inclusive measures against educational dropout
Authors: Garcia Marta Medina , Toledo Luis Dona , Rodriguez Maria Lina Higueras 
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the degree of inclusion in universities has increased, although this has been to a lesser extent in the case of on-site universities. For this reason, experiences are needed that encourage young people with disabilities to consider attending these centres in order to achieve greater normalisation of disability. The present study analyses the experience developed at the University of Granada with regard to inclusion: ‘Inclusive Campus 2019’. The methodology is based on univariate analysis and non-parametric tests. The degree of inclusion and awareness of university education achieved by the Campus is also analysed. Among the most significant results, the high evaluation of the Campus, especially in terms of staff, and the probability of recommending the experience stand out. The degree of integration and inclusion has been especially relevant for those participants without disabilities.

Keywords: Inclusion, educational policies, disability, teaching experiences.
Investigation of achievement and mistakes in analytical chemistry experiments
Authors: Alkan Fatma 
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of experiential learning on the achievements of prospective teachers in analytical chemistry quantitative analysis practices and to determine the mistakes made by prospective teachers in the experiments. Pre-test and post-test control group experimental research design was used. Data were collected by the analytical chemistry achievement test and laboratory form. As a result of the research, a significant increase was observed in prospective teachers’ levels of academic achievement. This finding can be explained as the experiential learning classroom environment, which will construct a community of practice like the scientists’ work. According to the results of the laboratory form, prospective teachers are more successful in multiple choice questions in the achievement test; however, they cannot show the same success in explaining the theoretical foundations of the experiment or detailing the calculation sections.

Keywords: Experiential learning, analytical chemistry laboratory, achievement, mistakes in experiments.
Solid Work simulation as a virtual laboratory concept for supporting student learning of mechanical engineering
Authors: Netshimbupfe Adivhaho Frene , Ali Abdalla Mohame Almojtba Hamid , Erdem Binnur Demir , Kassem Youssef , Camur Huseyin 
Published: December 2020

Solid Works is a complete 3D CAD design solution, providing the product design team with all the mechanical designs, verifications, motion simulations, data management and communication tools that they need. This article presents an example of the design and analysis of the Savonius rotor blade to generate 10kW power output in the field of Mechanical Engineering (ME) using the Solid Work package (SW-P). The study was structured as an educational design experiment, which used the SW-P in teaching some ME courses in the ME degree programme at Near East University. An experiment of two equivalent groups was designed, one of the groups was the experimental group and the other was the control group; each of them consisted of five students. The same project was given to the first (the experimental group) and second (the control group) groups using SW-P and the traditional method: textbook-based numerical methods, respectively. The SW-P proved to be an efficient method for supporting the students’ ability to improve and understand the concept of some selected courses. The results show that students used SW-P to demonstrate a deeper learning and understanding of the course compared to the traditional method.

Keywords: Educational design experiment, educational technology, mechanical engineering, Solid Work package.
Investigating the effects of worksheets supported with prediction-observation-explanation method on high school students opinions
Authors: Karadeniz Ali , Altundag Canan Kocak , Yucel Aysem Seda 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ‘Predict-Observe-Explain’ (POE) activities which is carried out with the help of the POE method worksheets on ‘States of Matter’ in the ninth-grade chemistry course curriculum, on students’ metacognitive awareness. The focus group interview held in this study was conducted with eight students selected from the experimental group on a voluntary basis. Twelve questions were asked to the students. This research is a mixed-method study. While the quantitative part of the research was carried out using the pretest and posttest model with the control group, the qualitative part was conducted with the focus group interview technique. A focus group discussion was held to obtain the opinions of the experimental group students on the subjects of Gases and States of Matter taught with worksheets prepared with POE support. The findings obtained as a result of these interviews and the study of student worksheets show that students find POE-supported worksheets fun and they increase their interest and curiosity towards the chemistry class.

Keywords: POE, high school students, states of matters, worksheets.
PEMECAHAN MASALAH GENERALISASI POLA MATEMATIKA CALON GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR [THE PROBLEM SOLVING OF MATHEMATICAL PATTERN GENERALIZATION BY PROSPECTIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS BASED ON LEARNING STYLES]
Authors: Radiusman Radiusman , Simanjuntak Maslina 
Published: December 2020

<p>This qualitative research aims to describe the problem solving of pattern generalization in terms of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. The subjects in this study were three primary school teacher candidates at the University of Mataram with visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. Data was collected by giving ELSA learning style tests and pattern generalization tests to the subjects and interviewing the subjects. Data was analyzed using descriptive method and classificationing. The results showed that the research subjects who had a visual learning style were able to perform the problem-solving stages better than the audio and kinesthetic learning styles. This is because the visual learning style likes reading or understanding written instructions which results in the visual learning style being capable of good and orderly coding and processing of information.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemecahan masalah generalisasi pola ditinjau dari gaya belajar visual, auditori dan kinestetik. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah tiga orang mahasiswa calon guru Universitas Mataram dengan gaya belajar visual, auditori dan kinestetik. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara memberikan tes gaya belajar ELSA dan tes generalisasi pola dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan cara deskriptif dan klasifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek penelitian yang memiliki gaya belajar visual mampu melakukan tahapan pemecahan masalah yang lebih baik dibandingkan gaya belajar audio dan kinestetik. Hal ini disebabkan karena gaya belajar visual memiliki sifat suka membaca ataupun memahami instruksi secara tertulis yang mengakibatkan gaya belajar visual memiliki sifat mampu melakukan pengkodean dan pemrosesan informasi yang baik dan teratur.</p>
THE RELATIONSHIP PROVIDES EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING WITH THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INFANTS AGED 0 – 6 MONTHS AT THE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER MENGANTI VILLAGE, GLAGAH DISTRICT, LAMONGAN REGENCY
Authors: Mei Tyas Anestasia Pangestu , Saikudin Guntoro 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Nutritional needs are a very important requirement for a baby's growth and development. Most of the nutrients needed for babies aged 0-6 months are determined by the quantity and quality of mother's milk because exclusive breastfeeding has a balanced composition and is ideal for babies. The problem of malnutrition is considered by the community as a matter of course so often babies who experience malnutrition are not taken to the community health center or hospital. from the results of a preliminary study in Menganti Village, Glagah Subdistrict, Lamongan Regency, out of 10 babies aged 0-6 months, 10% of infants with poor nutritional status were found. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the nutritional status of infants aged 0-6 months. Methods: The design of this study is a correlation study with a cross sectional approach, with a mother population of 26 respondents, a sample of 25 respondents. Sampling using simple random sampling technique, data taken using questionnaire sheets and observation sheets, then analyzed by spearman test with a significance level of 5 0.05. Results: The results showed that (40%) mothers gave exclusive breastfeeding and (72%) babies had good nutritional status. The statistical test results obtained rs = 0.345 and p = 0.092, where p> 0.05.. Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is no relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and infant nutritional status. The implications of this study require the role of health workers to provide health education to mothers about breastfeeding that is appropriate for infants
Direct Inpatient Medical Costs of Operative Treatment of Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Infections Are Twofold Higher Than Those of Aseptic Revisions
Authors: Yao Jie J. , Hevesi Mario , Visscher Sue L. , Ransom Jeanine E. , Lewallen David G. , Berry Daniel J. , Maradit Kremers Hilal 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are associated with substantial morbidity. A better understanding of the costs of PJI treatment can inform prevention, treatment, and reimbursement strategies. The purpose of the present study was to describe direct inpatient medical costs associated with the treatment of hip and knee PJI.

Methods:
At a single tertiary care institution, 176 hips and 266 knees that underwent 2-stage revisions for the treatment of PJI from 2009 to 2015 were compared with 1,611 hips and 1,276 knees that underwent revisions for aseptic indications. In addition, 84 hips and 137 knees that underwent irrigation and debridement (I&D) with partial component exchange were compared with 39 hips and 138 knees that underwent partial component exchange for aseptic indications. Line-item details of services billed during hospitalization were retrieved, and standardized direct medical costs were calculated in 2018 inflation-adjusted dollars.

Results:
The mean direct medical cost of 2-stage revision THA performed for the treatment of PJI was significantly higher than that of aseptic revision THA ($58,369 compared with $22,846, p < 0.001). Similarly, the cost of 2-stage revision TKA performed for the treatment of PJI was significantly higher than that of aseptic revision TKA ($56,900 compared with $24,630, p < 0.001). Even when the total costs of aseptic revisions were doubled for a representative comparison with 2-stage procedures, the costs of PJI procedures were 15% to 28% higher than those of the doubled costs of aseptic revisions (p < 0.001). The mean direct medical cost of I&D procedures for PJI was about twofold higher than of partial component exchange for aseptic indications.

Conclusions:
The direct medical costs of operative treatment of PJI following THA and TKA are twofold higher than the costs of similar aseptic revisions. The high economic burden of PJI warrants efforts to reduce the incidence of PJI. Reimbursement schemes should account for the high costs of treating PJI in order to ensure sustainable patient care.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Orthopaedic Care of the Transgender Patient
Authors: Ramsey Duncan C. , Lawson Michelle M. , Stuart Ariana , Sodders Emelia , Working Zachary M. 
Published: December 2020

➤ A transgender person is defined as one whose gender identity is incongruent with their biological sex assigned at birth. This highly marginalized population numbers over 1.4 million individuals in the U.S.; this prevalence skews more heavily toward younger generations and is expected to increase considerably in the future.➤ Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) has physiologic effects on numerous aspects of the patient’s health that are pertinent to the orthopaedic surgeon, including bone health, fracture risk, and perioperative risks such as venous thromboembolism and infection.➤ Language and accurate pronoun usage toward transgender patients can have a profound effect on a patient’s experience and on both objective and subjective outcomes.➤ Gaps in research concerning orthopaedic care of the transgender patient are substantial. Specific areas for further study include the effects of GAHT on fracture risk and healing, outcome disparities and care access across multiple subspecialties, and establishment of perioperative management guidelines.
AChE-activity in critically ill patients with suspected septic encephalopathy: a prospective, single-centre study
Authors: Zujalovic Benedikt , Mayer Benjamin , Hafner Sebastian , Balling Florian , Barth Eberhard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundUp to 70% of septic patients develop a diffuse brain dysfunction named “septic associated encephalopathy” which is often solely based on clinical impressions. However, the diagnosis of septic associated encephalopathy is outcome-relevant due to an increase in mortality in these patients. Neuroinflammation as well as a disturbance of cholinergic transmission are assumed to be the causes of both delirium and septic associated encephalopathy. An alteration in cholinergic activity can be objectified by measuring the erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase-activity. Single-point measurements of acetylcholinesterase-activity are of limited value because individual and dynamic changes over time have to be anticipated. Therefore, the hypothesis should be tested whether a longitudinal analysis of acetylcholinesterase-activity in critically ill patients can help to diagnose a suspected septic-associated encephalopathy and whether acetylcholinesterase-activity differs in comparison to non-septic patients.MethodsIn this prospective, observational, single-center study, 175 patients (45 with sepsis, 130 without sepsis) were included. All patients were admitted to the surgical Intensive Care Unit of the University hospital Ulm, Germany. Patients were examined daily for the presence of delirium using the CAM-ICU. Daily measurement of the acetylcholinesterase-activity was performed in all patients. The possible time-dependent change in acetylcholinesterase-activity was analyzed with a linear regression model considering repeated measurements. Using a time-adjusted model further factors able to affect AChE-activity were investigated. For nonparametric distributions quantitative data were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. For analysis of independent samples the Mann-Whitney test was performed.ResultsAbout 90% of septic patients with suspected septic associated encephalopathy exhibited a statistically significant time-dependent in- or decrease in acetylcholinesterase-activity over a period of at least 5 consecutive days.ConclusionLongitudinal measurement of acetylcholinesterase-activity over several consecutive days revealed a change from baseline only in septic patients with suspected septic-associated encephalopathy. Therefore, longitudinal measurement of acetylcholinesterase-activity is able to diagnose septic associated encephalopathy in septic patients with delirious symptoms.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered at German Clinical Trials Register, registration number DRKS 00020542, date of registration: January 27, 2020
Development and validation of functional markers from Dw1 and Dw2 loci to accurately predict apple rootstock dwarfing ability
Authors: Yang Feng , Shen Fei , Liu Zhi , He Mingli , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Li Wei , Qiu Changpeng , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: ‘M9’ is a widely used apple dwarfing rootstock due to the outstanding effects on both precocity and vigorous control. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), Dw1 and Dw2, for the dwarfing effect were previously mapped on ‘M9’, but the genetic variations that underpin the dwarfing ability have not been elucidated to date. Result: By using ‘Red Fuji’ trees grafted on 1123 hybrids from ‘Malus baccata’ × ‘M9’, the intervals of Dw1 and Dw2 were narrowed down. MdLBD3 (Md Lateral organ boundaries domain 3)and MdARF6 (Md Auxin response factor 6) were predicted as potential candidate genes from Dw1, while MdG3OX3 (Md Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 3) was a possible candidate gene from Dw2. An 11 bp deletion at -339 bp upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) of MdLBD3 generated a new cis-element binding site with MdWRKY2 (Md WRKY transcription factor 2)and caused increased expression of MdLBD3. Coincidently, a ten bp deletion at -278 bp upstream of the TSS of MdG3OX3 created an additional binding site of MdABI5 (Md Abscisic acid insensitive 5), leading to higher expression of MdG3OX3. At -954 bp of the MdARF6 promoter, a 14 bp insertion destroyed the binding ability by MdGAMYB (Md transcription factor GAMYB)and reduced MdARF6 expression. The genotype effects of these insertion and deletions as diagnostic markers on dwarfing traits (tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy width) were estimated in 108 F1 hybrids. The genomic predicted genetic values (GEGV) were calculated by adding up the genotype effects of the three markers and the population mean phenotype. The GEGV of the dwarfing traits exhibited high correlation coefficients of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.93 in terms of tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy width for the observed phenotype values, respectively. The predictability of GEGV was validated in 64 Malus accessions. Conclusion: The development of the three functional markers, Ld/Li, Ad/Ai, and Gd/Gi, ensures the accurate genomic assisted prediction of dwarfing ability in apple rootstock breeding. The data also suggested that ABA, auxin, GA, and zeatin signals may be involved in the regulation of apple rootstock dwarfing mechanism.
GPCR19 regulates P2X7R-mediated NLRP3 inflammasomal activation of microglia by Amyloid β in Alzheimer’s diseases
Authors: Islam Jahirul , Cho Jung-Ah , Kim Ju-yong , Park Kyung-Sun , koh Young-Jae , Seong Seung-Yong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) and/or ATP activates NLRP3 inflammasome (N3I) by P2 × 7R ion channel of microglia, which is crucial in neuroinflammation shown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to polymorphisms, subtypes, and ubiquitous expression of P2 × 7R, inhibition of P2 × 7R has not been effective for AD. We first report that GPCR19 is a prerequisite for P2 × 7R-mediated N3I activation and Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA), a GPCR19 ligand, inhibited the priming phase of N3I activation, suppressed P2 × 7R expression and P2 × 7R-mediated Ca++ mobilization, and N3I oligomerization which is essential for production of IL-1β/IL-18. Further, TDCA increased expression of scavenger receptor (SR) A, enhanced phagocytosis of Aβ, and decreased Aβ plaque numbers in the brain of 5x Familial Alzheimer’s disease (5xFAD) mice. TDCA also reduced microgliosis, prevented neuronal loss, and improved memory function of 5xFAD mice. The pleiotropic roles of GPCR19 in P2 × 7-mediated N3I activation suggest that targeting GPCR19 might resolve neuroinflammation in AD patients.
Long-term, continuous, and multimodal monitoring of respiratory digital biomarkers via wireless epidermal mechano-acoustic sensing in clinical and home settings for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rogers John , Ni Xiaoyue , Ouyang Wei , Jeong Hyoyoung , Kim Jin-Tae , Tzavelis Andreas , Mirzazadeh Ali , Wu Changsheng , Lee Jong Yoon , Keller Matthew , Mummidisetty Chaithanya , Patel Manish , Shawen Nicholas , Huang Joy , Chen Hope , Ravi Sowmya , Chang Jan-Kai , Lee KunHyuck , Wu Yixin , Lie Ferrona , Kang Youn , Kim Jong Uk , Chamorro Leonardo , Banks Anthony , Bharat Ankit , Jayaraman Arun , Xu Shuai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Capabilities in continuous monitoring of key physiological parameters of disease have never been more important than in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Soft, skin-mounted electronics that incorporate high-bandwidth, miniaturized motion sensors represent a powerful class of technology for digital, wireless measurements of mechano-acoustic (MA) signatures of both core vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature) and underexplored biomarkers (coughing count) with high fidelity and immunity to ambient noises. Here, we introduce an effort that integrates such an MA sensor, a cloud data infrastructure and data analytics approaches based on digital filtering and convolutional neural networks for comprehensive monitoring of COVID-19 infections in sick and healthy individuals in a population, both in the hospital and the home. This hardware/software system extracts diverse signatures of health status in an automated fashion from a single device and time series data stream. Unique features are in quantitative measurements of coughing and other vocal events, as indicators of both disease and infectiousness. Systematic imaging studies demonstrate direct correlations between the time and intensity of coughing, speaking and laughing and the total droplet production, as an approximate indicator of the probability for disease spread. The sensors, deployed on COVID-19 patients along with healthy controls in both inpatient and home settings, record coughing frequency and intensity continuously, along with a comprehensive collection of other biometrics, with recording times for individuals of more than a month after disease diagnosis. These pilot studies include 3,111 hours of data spanning 363 days from 37 COVID-19 patients (20 females, 17 males) with 27,651 coughs detected in total along with continuous measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, physical activity, and skin temperature. Manual labeling of randomly sampled 10,258 vocal events from 11 COVID-19 patients (6 females, 5 males) suggests a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 96% in cough detection using automated algorithms. The collective results indicate a decaying trend of coughing frequency and intensity through the course of disease recovery, but with wide variations across patient populations. The methodology also opens opportunities to study patterns in biometrics across individuals and among different demographic groups.