bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LiSep LSTM: A Machine Learning Algorithm for Early Detection of Septic Shock
Authors: Fagerström Josef , Bång Magnus , Wilhelms Daniel , Chew Michelle S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSepsis is a major health concern with global estimates of 31.5 million cases per year. Case fatality rates are still unacceptably high, and early detection and treatment is vital since it significantly reduces mortality rates for this condition. Appropriately designed automated detection tools have the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of sepsis by providing early and accurate identification of patients who are at risk of developing sepsis. In this paper, we present “LiSep LSTM”; a Long Short-Term Memory neural network designed for early identification of septic shock. LSTM networks are typically well-suited for detecting long-term dependencies in time series data. LiSep LSTM was developed using the machine learning framework Keras with a Google TensorFlow back end. The model was trained with data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database which contains vital signs, laboratory data, and journal entries from approximately 59,000 ICU patients. We show that LiSep LSTM can outperform a less complex model, using the same features and targets, with an AUROC 0.8306 (95% confidence interval: 0.8236, 0.8376) and median offsets between prediction and septic shock onset up to 40 hours (interquartile range, 20 to 135 hours). Moreover, we discuss how our classifier performs at specific offsets before septic shock onset, and compare it with five state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for early detection of sepsis.
Relationship between lifestyle pattern and blood pressure - Iranian national survey
Authors: Akbarpour Samaneh , Khalili Davood , Zeraati Hojjat , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Ramezankhani Azra , Ahmadi Pishkuhi Mahin , Rostami Gooran Soroush , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the relationship between different lifestyle patterns and blood pressure. This study is based on the national survey of the risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Iran in 2012. A total of 8244 people aged 25–70 years old have been enrolled in the survey. Clustering on the individual data of lifestyle factors (nutrition, physical activity, and smoking) were carried out using self-organizing neural network method. Multivariable regression models were used to determine the relationship between blood pressure and the clusters. This study revealed seven lifestyle clusters in the national survey. The first cluster had a healthier lifestyle (15%), and the rest of the clusters had at least one or more lifestyle-related risk factors. Among all the clusters, people in two clusters, i.e. one characterized by consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, salt, and fast foods, and the other one characterized by physical inactivity, were more exposed to the risk of hypertension (odds ratios of 1.44 and 1.12, respectively). People in another cluster who were 100% smokers and had a very high level of work-related physical activity were about 30% less likely to experience elevated blood pressure. Although a lifestyle with cigarette smoking was associated with a reduction in blood pressure, this might be due to other related factors, such as work-related physical activity, which lower blood pressure. Of course, this hypothesis still needs to be further studied in the future.
Microstructure and superconducting properties of high-rate PLD-derived GdBa2Cu3O7−δ coated conductors with BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 pinning centers
Authors: Ovcharov Alexey V. , Degtyarenko Pavel N. , Chepikov Vsevolod N. , Vasiliev Alexander L. , Gavrilkin Sergey Yu. , Karateev Igor A. , Tsvetkov Alexey Yu. , Kaul Andrey R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe microstructure of GdBa2Cu3O7−δ based on superconducting tapes with BaSnO3 and BaZrO3 artificial pinning centers formed by high-rate pulse laser deposition in SuperOx Japan was studied by scanning/transmission electron microscopy. The artificial pinning centers have adopted columnar morphology with average diameter of about 8 nm (BaSnO3-doped sample) and 6.5 nm (BaZrO3-doped sample) and density of 500 μm−2 for the both samples. The average length of the BaSnO3 nanocolumns is about two times higher than the BaZrO3 nanocolumns. The angular dependences of critical current in magnetic field up to 1 Tesla at 77 and 65 K have been obtained. The critical current and its anisotropy depend on artificial pinning centers presence and their type. The angular dependence of resistivity in the field up to 9 Tesla was also studied and discussed.
Phylogenetic comparative methods improve the selection of characters for generic delimitations in a hyperdiverse Neotropical orchid clade
Authors: Bogarín Diego , Pérez-Escobar Oscar A. , Karremans Adam P. , Fernández Melania , Kruizinga Jaco , Pupulin Franco , Smets Erik , Gravendeel Barbara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTaxonomic delimitations are challenging because of the convergent and variable nature of phenotypic traits. This is evident in species-rich lineages, where the ancestral and derived states and their gains and losses are difficult to assess. Phylogenetic comparative methods help to evaluate the convergent evolution of a given morphological character, thus enabling the discovery of traits useful for classifications. In this study, we investigate the evolution of selected traits to test for their suitability for generic delimitations in the cladeLepanthes, one of the Neotropical species-richest groups. We evaluated every generic name proposed in theLepanthesclade producing densely sampled phylogenies with Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Using Ancestral State Reconstructions, we then assessed 18 phenotypic characters that have been traditionally employed to diagnose genera. We propose the recognition of 14 genera based on solid morphological delimitations. Among the characters assessed, we identified 16 plesiomorphies, 12 homoplastic characters, and seven synapomorphies, the latter of which are reproductive features mostly related to the pollination by pseudocopulation and possibly correlated with rapid diversifications inLepanthes. Furthermore, the ancestral states of some reproductive characters suggest that these traits are associated with pollination mechanisms alike promoting homoplasy. Our methodological approach enables the discovery of useful traits for generic delimitations in theLepanthesclade and offers various other testable hypotheses on trait evolution for future research on Pleurothallidinae orchids because the phenotypic variation of some characters evaluated here also occurs in other diverse genera.
Correlations and nonlinear partition of nonionic organic compounds by humus-like substances humificated from rice straw
Authors: Ren Liufen , Lin Daohui , Yang Kun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe debate on whether the nonlinear sorption of nonionic organic compounds (NOCs) by soil organic matter (SOM) is captured by nonlinear partition or adsorption has been going on for decades because the used SOM samples are complex mixtures from various precursors with varied humification degrees in natural environment. Therefore, in this study, hydrothermal method was employed to prepare humus-like substances from a sole precursor (i.e., rice straw) with various humification degrees for nonlinear sorption of 25 aromatic compounds, then to have an insight into the underlying mechanisms of the nonlinear sorption of NOCs by SOM. It was observed that the increasing humification degree of humus-like substances, i.e., decreasing in the polarity ((O + N)/C) and increasing in the aromaticity, result in the increase of isotherm nonlinearity and sorption capacity/affinity of NOCs. Sorption capacity of NOCs, obtained by isotherm fitting using Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) model and Dual-Mode (DM) model, are positively correlated with their solubility in water and octanol, indicating the nonlinear sorption could be captured by nonlinear partition mechanism. Specific interactions including hydrogen-bonding interaction and π-π interaction between aromatic structures of humus-like substances and organic molecules could be responsible for the nonlinear partition and the increase of sorption affinity with the enhancement of humification degree. These obtained correlations are valuable for understanding the underlying mechanisms of nonlinear sorption and elucidating the transport of NOCs in the environment.
Drug-induced PD-L1 expression and cell stress response in breast cancer cells can be balanced by drug combination
Authors: Gilad Yosi , Eliaz Yossi , Yu Yang , Han Sang Jun , O’Malley Bert W. , Lonard David M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe impact of chemotherapy on tumor-immune system interaction can be either beneficial or harmful, which is represented by the immunogenic cell death (ICD) paradigm or overexpression of the immunosuppressive protein – programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). In this study we explore the impact of steroid receptor coactivator inhibitor, other targeted anti-cancer compounds and traditional chemotherapeutic agents on the expression of PD-L1 in four breast cancer (BC) cell lines. Our results show that these agents induce PD-L1 expression, yet the magnitude of this induction varies substantially across the different compounds. In addition, we utilized the E0771 ER + BC cells as a model to examine in greater detail the relationship between pharmacological pressure, cell stress and the induction of PD-L1. Our results imply that drug induced PD-L1 expression occurs in the broader context of cell-stress, without conferring acquired drug-resistance. Furthermore, a balance between BC cytotoxicity, induction of cell-stress and the overexpression of PD-L1 can be achieved through the selection of appropriate combinations of anti-cancer compounds. Therefore, we propose that drug combination can be employed not only for increasing the direct kill of cancer cells, but also as a strategy to minimize the activation of immunosuppressive and cancer cell pro-survival program responses during drug treatment.
Non-Polar and Complementary Resistive Switching Characteristics in Graphene Oxide devices with Gold Nanoparticles: Diverse Approach for Device Fabrication
Authors: Khurana Geetika , Kumar Nitu , Chhowalla Manish , Scott James F. , Katiyar Ram S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDownscaling limitations and limited write/erase cycles in conventional charge-storage based non-volatile memories stimulate the development of emerging memory devices having enhanced performance. Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices are recognized as the next-generation memory devices for employment in artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing, due to their smallest cell size, high write/erase speed and endurance. Unipolar and bipolar resistive switching characteristics in graphene oxide (GO) have been extensively studied in recent years, whereas the study of non-polar and complementary switching is scarce. Here we fabricated GO-based RRAM devices with gold nanoparticles (Au Nps). Diverse types of switching behavior are observed by changing the processing methods and device geometry. Tri-layer GO-based devices illustrated non-polar resistive switching, which is a combination of unipolar and bipolar switching. Five-layer GO-based devices depicted complementary resistive switching having the lowest current values ~12 µA; and this structure is capable of resolving the sneak path issue. Both devices show good retention and endurance performance. Au Nps in tri-layer devices assisted the conducting path, whereas in five-layer devices, Au Nps layer worked as common electrodes between co-joined cells. These GO-based devices with Au Nps comprising different configuration are vital for practical applications of emerging non-volatile resistive memories.
Sediment Cores from White Pond, South Carolina, contain a Platinum Anomaly, Pyrogenic Carbon Peak, and Coprophilous Spore Decline at 12.8 ka
Authors: Moore Christopher R. , Brooks Mark J. , Goodyear Albert C. , Ferguson Terry A. , Perrotti Angelina G. , Mitra Siddhartha , Listecki Ashlyn M. , King Bailey C. , Mallinson David J. , Lane Chad S. , Kapp Joshua D. , West Allen , Carlson David L. , Wolbach Wendy S. , Them Theodore R. , Harris M. Scott , Pyne-O’Donnell Sean 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA widespread platinum (Pt) anomaly was recently documented in Greenland ice and 11 North American sedimentary sequences at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) event (~12,800 cal yr BP), consistent with the YD Impact Hypothesis. We report high-resolution analyses of a 1-meter section of a lake core from White Pond, South Carolina, USA. After developing a Bayesian age-depth model that brackets the late Pleistocene through early Holocene, we analyzed and quantified the following: (1) Pt and palladium (Pd) abundance, (2) geochemistry of 58 elements, (3) coprophilous spores, (4) sedimentary organic matter (OC and sedaDNA), (5) stable isotopes of C (δ13C) and N (δ15N), (6) soot, (7) aciniform carbon, (8) cryptotephra, (9) mercury (Hg), and (10) magnetic susceptibility. We identified large Pt and Pt/Pd anomalies within a 2-cm section dated to the YD onset (12,785 ± 58 cal yr BP). These anomalies precede a decline in coprophilous spores and correlate with an abrupt peak in soot and C/OC ratios, indicative of large-scale regional biomass burning. We also observed a relatively large excursion in δ15N values, indicating rapid climatic and environmental/hydrological changes at the YD onset. Our results are consistent with the YD Impact Hypothesis and impact-related environmental and ecological changes.
Mitigation of ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching via loss control urea triggered H-bond forces
Authors: Ma Zhipan , Yue Yanjun , Feng Mengxi , Li Yushun , Ma Xue , Zhao Xu , Wang Shenqiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExcess nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to crops, which discharges to the environment, principally through denitrification, runoff, leaching, and volatilization, results in a waste of resources and pollution. Here, a high-performance loss control urea (LCU) was prepared by adding a loss control agent (LCA) with high thermal stability, large specific surface area, and good water retention capacity complex (6%) to traditional urea (94%). The existence of hydrogen bonds between LCA and N source for LCU in the presence of water enhanced N source adsorption capacity, where adsorption between LCA and NH4+-N was strongest, for urea and NO3−-N was weakest. In a laboratory experiment, cumulative losses of NH3 volatilization from soils treated with N application rates of 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha−1 were 14.8, 18.1, and 24.2% for urea, respectively, and 10.1, 12.7, and 17.5% for LCU. Simulated rapid and long-term leaching experiments showed that, compared with urea, LCU reduced N leaching loss within 30 d, and delayed long-term N leaching loss. Hydrogen bonds in LCU effectively controlled NH3 volatilization and N leaching loss. This type of LCU may optimize supply of N in soils and increase adsorption and utilization of N in crops.
Highly efficient evaluation of diffusion networks in Li ionic conductors using a 3D-corrugation descriptor
Authors: France-Lanord Arthur , Asahi Ryoji , Leblanc Benoît , Lee Joohwi , Wimmer Erich 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA highly efficient computational approach for the screening of Li ion conducting materials is presented and its performance is demonstrated for olivine-type oxides and thiophosphates. The approach is based on a topological analysis of the electrostatic (Coulomb) potential obtained from a single density functional theory calculation augmented by a Born-Mayer-type repulsive term between Li ions and the anions of the material. This 3D-corrugation descriptor enables the automatic determination of diffusion pathways in one, two, and three dimensions and reproduces migration barriers obtained from density functional theory calculations using nudged elastic band method within approximately 0.1 eV. Importantly, it correlates with Li ion conductivity. This approach thus offers an efficient tool for evaluating, ranking, and optimizing materials with high Li-ion conductivity.
Direct observation of dislocation plasticity in high-Mn lightweight steel by in-situ TEM
Authors: Kim Sung-Dae , Park Jun Young , Park Seong-Jun , Jang Jae hoon , Moon Joonoh , Ha Heon-Young , Lee Chang-Hoon , Kang Jun-Yun , Shin Jong-Ho , Lee Tae-Ho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo gain the fundamental understanding of deformation mechanisms in an aluminum-containing austenitic high-Mn steel (Fe-32Mn-8.9Al-0.78 C (wt.%)), in-situ straining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis is conducted. The in-situ observation during the deformation demonstrates that the plastic deformation is accommodated by the pronounced planar dislocation gliding followed by the formation of slip bands (SBs) and highly dense dislocation walls (HDDWs). Experimental evidences of the glide plane softening can be obtained from the interaction between the gliding perfect dislocations and the L’12 ordered precipitates in the austenite matrix. Furthermore, the observation of the localized cross-slip of dislocations at the slip band intersections enables to understand why slip bands are extensively developed without mutual obstructions between the slip bands. The enhanced strain hardening rate of the aluminum-containing austenitic high-Mn steels can be attributed to the pronounced planar dislocation glides followed by formation of extensive slip band which prevent premature failure by suppressing strain localization.
Co-inoculation effect of Rhizobium and Achillea millefolium L. oil extracts on growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soil microbial-chemical properties
Authors: Turan Veysel , Schröder Peter , Bilen Serdar , Insam Heribert , Fernández-Delgado Juárez Marina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEssential oils (EO) of several plant species have the potential to combat plant and fungal diseases. However, the effects ofAchillea millefoliumEO on the development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.), is still unknown. Moreover, its effect on N2-fixing bacteria, and in general on soil properties has not been studied yet. A greenhouse trial was set up to evaluate both the influence thatAchillea millefoliumEO and the inoculation with three differentRhizobiumstrains have on the bean plant and on the chemical and microbiological properties of an agriculturally used Cambisol. Non-inoculated pots were used as control. Our findings showed a decrease in bacterial colony forming units due to EO application and an increase following theRhizobiuminoculation compared to the control. The EO application decreased soil basal respiration and activities of dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase. Such effects were stronger with higher oil concentrations. Moreover, the treatments combiningRhizobiuminoculation with EO showed a positive effect on nodulation and plant height. Overall, the combined application ofAchillea millefoliumEO and rhizobia works as an efficient biocide that could be applied in organic agriculture without hampering the activity of nodule-forming N-fixing bacteria and the development of common bean.
Interaction between fire and fragmentation in the successional stages of coastal dune grasslands of the southern Pampas, Argentina
Authors: Yezzi Alejandra L. , Nebbia Ana J. , Zalba Sergio M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVegetation’s increased vulnerability to extrinsic disturbances is an important but less studied effect of natural habitat fragmentation. Fire is part of the evolutionary history of grassland ecosystems, but fragmentation by forest plantations can alter the fire regime and influence their resilience. This study compares the successional trajectories after fire in continuous and fragmented grassland in terms of composition and abundance of plant species. Grassland fragments of varying sizes (0.1 to 2.5 ha) surrounded by a forest matrix and grassland controls of an equivalent area in adjacent, non-fragmented sites were selected. Fire was associated with an increase in the abundance of exotic plants in the fragmented grassland whereas the continuous grasslands were much more resistant to invasion. These differences in the species composition between fragments and continuous areas, which were limited to the smaller areas before the fire, were observed one year after the fire throughout the range of sizes analyzed. These results show the impact of fragmentation on grassland resilience and how the effects of this process become evident even months after a disturbance, highlighting the synergistic effect of habitat fragmentation and biological invasions, two factors identified as the main forces of biodiversity erosion.
Single-crystalline boron-doped diamond superconducting quantum interference devices with regrowth-induced step edge structure
Authors: Kageura Taisuke , Hideko Masakuni , Tsuyuzaki Ikuto , Morishita Aoi , Kawano Akihiro , Sasama Yosuke , Yamaguchi Takahide , Takano Yoshihiko , Tachiki Minoru , Ooi Shuuichi , Hirata Kazuto , Arisawa Shunichi , Kawarada Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSuperconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are currently used as magnetic flux detectors with ultra-high sensitivity for various applications such as medical diagnostics and magnetic material microstructure analysis. Single-crystalline superconducting boron-doped diamond is an excellent candidate for fabricating high-performance SQUIDs because of its robustness and high transition temperature, critical current density, and critical field. Here, we propose a fabrication process for a single-crystalline boron-doped diamond Josephson junction with regrowth-induced step edge structure and demonstrate the first operation of a single-crystalline boron-doped diamond SQUID above 2 K. We demonstrate that the step angle is a significant parameter for forming the Josephson junction and that the step angle can be controlled by adjusting the microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition conditions of the regrowth layer. The fabricated junction exhibits superconductor–weak superconductor–superconductor-type behaviour without hysteresis and a high critical current density of 5800 A/cm2.
Traceable Quantum Steganography Scheme Based on Pixel Value Differencing
Authors: Luo Jia , Zhou Ri-Gui , Luo GaoFeng , Li YaoChong , Liu GuangZhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel and traceable quantum steganography scheme based on pixel value differencing (PVD) is proposed. In the proposed scheme, a quantum cover image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of two consecutive pixels. Then, by a series of reversible logic circuits, we calculate the difference value based on the values of the two pixels in each block and classify it as one of a set of continuous ranges. The secret image and operator information are embedded in the cover image by using the new obtained difference value to replace the original one. The number of bits of secret image that can be embedded in a block is determined, and the number of bits of operator information is decided by the range of the difference value belongs to. Moreover, when the embedded data is extracted from a stego image, it is not necessary to refer to the original cover image. The performance of the proposed scheme is based on the analysis of several categories of simulation results, such as visual quality, capacity, and robustness.