bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Content Reactivation Supports Naturalistic Autobiographical Recall in Humans
Authors: Gilmore Adrian W. , Quach Alina , Kalinowski Sarah E. , Gotts Stephen J. , Schacter Daniel L. , Martin Alex 
Published: November 2020

Humans can vividly recall and re-experience events from their past, and these are commonly referred to as episodic or autobiographical memories. fMRI experiments reliably associate autobiographical event recall with activity in a network of “default” or “core” brain regions. However, as prior studies have relied on covert (silent) recall procedures, current understanding may be hampered by methodological limitations that obscure dynamic effects supporting moment-to-moment content retrieval. Here, fMRI participants (N= 40) overtly (verbally) recalled memories for ∼2 min periods. The content of spoken descriptions was categorized using a variant of the Autobiographical Interview (AI) procedure (Levine et al., 2002) and temporally re-aligned with BOLD data so activity accompanying the recall of different details could be measured. Replicating prior work, sustained effects associated with autobiographical recall periods (which are insensitive to the moment-to-moment content of retrieval) fell primarily within canonical default network regions. Spoken descriptions were rich in episodic details, frequently focusing on physical entities, their ongoing activities, and their appearances. Critically, neural activity associated with recalling specific details (e.g., those related to people or places) was transient, broadly distributed, and grounded in category-selective cortex (e.g., regions related to social cognition or scene processing). Thus, although a single network may generally support the process of vivid event reconstruction, the structures required to provide detail-related information shift in a predictable manner that respects domain-level representations across the cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans can vividly recall memories of autobiographical episodes, a process thought to involve the reconstruction of numerous distinct event details. Yet how the brain represents a complex episode as it unfolds over time remains unclear and appears inconsistent across experimental traditions. One hurdle is the use of covert (silent) in-scanner recall to study autobiographical memory, which prevents experimenter knowledge of what information is being retrieved, and when, throughout the remembering process. In this experiment, participants overtly described autobiographical memories while undergoing fMRI. Activity associated with the recall and description of specific details was transient, broadly distributed, and grounded in category-selective cortex. Thus, it appears that as events unfold mentally, structures are dynamically reactivated to support vivid recollection.
Spatial Information Encoding across Multiple Neocortical Regions Depends on an Intact Hippocampus
Authors: Esteves Ingrid M. , Chang HaoRan , Neumann Adam R. , Sun JianJun , Mohajerani Majid H. , McNaughton Bruce L. 
Published: November 2020

There has been considerable research showing populations of neurons encoding for different aspects of space in the brain. Recently, several studies using two-photon calcium imaging and virtual navigation have identified “spatially” modulated neurons in the posterior cortex. We enquire here whether the presence of such spatial representations may be a cortex-wide phenomenon and, if so, whether these representations can be organized in the absence of the hippocampus. To this end, we imaged the dorsal cortex of mice running on a treadmill populated with tactile cues. A high percentage (40–80%) of the detected neurons exhibited sparse, spatially localized activity, with activity fields uniformly localized over the track. The development of this location specificity was impaired by hippocampal damage. Thus, there is a substantial population of neurons distributed widely over the cortex that collectively form a continuous representation of the explored environment, and hippocampal outflow is necessary to organize this phenomenon.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIncreasing evidence points to the role of the neocortex in encoding spatial information. Whether this feature is linked to hippocampal functions is largely unknown. Here, we systematically surveyed multiple regions in the dorsal cortex of the same animal for the presence of signals encoding for spatial position. We described populations of cortical neurons expressing sequential patterns of activity localized in space in primary, secondary, and associational areas. Furthermore, we showed that the formation of these spatial representations was impacted by hippocampal lesion. Our results indicate that hippocampal inputs are necessary to maintain a precise cortical representation of space.
Book Review: Finance or Food? The role of cultures, values, and ethics in land use negotiations
Authors: Shankland Amanda 
Published: November 2020

Book Review of Finance or Food? The role of cultures, values, and ethics in land use negotiations, Hilde Bjorkhaug, Philip McMichael, and Bruce Muirhead.
We have today a highly capitalized and complex agricultural system that contorts the global food system into a collection of financialized assets to be bought and sold, traded and swapped—a food system within which food has become an ancillary afterthought. The important collection of essays in Finance or Food? looks at the kinds of values that have influenced investment decisions over land since the 2008 food crisis.
SUFISME DALAM DINAMIKA KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT MUSLIM KONTEMPORER
Authors: Kafid Nur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This paper aims to discuss on Sufism and social change, especially regarding to its existence and role in the contemporary lives of Muslim societies. Based on the literature study, wherein the data is collected from various works related to Sufism critically, the results of the study show that Sufism has very complex developments in the dynamics of contemporary Muslim society. Beside to its definition, practice, existence and role in community life, the background of Sufism followers is even more diverse. In addition, there are Sufism figures/leaders who were actively involved in various social and political movements, and even Sufism has become a structured community and has a major role in social change. Abstrak. Paper ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang sufisme dan perubahan sosial, terutama mengenai eksistensi dan perannya dalam kehidupan masyarakat Muslim kontemporer. Dari hasil studi pustaka, di mana data diperoleh dari penelusuran dan bacaan kritis atas berbagai karya terkait sufisme, hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sufisme telah mengalami perkembangan yang sangat kompleks dalam dinamika kehidupan masyarakat Muslim kontemporer. Selain definisi, praktik, eksistensi dan perannya dalam kehidupan masyakarat, latar belakang pengikut sufisme pun makin beragam. Selain itu, tidak sedikit pula para tokoh sufisme yang terlibat aktif dalam berbagai gerakan sosial dan politik. Bahkan sufisme telah menjadi komunitas yang terstruktur dan memiliki peran besar dalam perubahan sosial kemasyarakatan.
Health of Newborns and Infants Born to Women With Disabilities: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Tarasoff Lesley A. , Murtaza Fahmeeda , Carty Adele , Salaeva Dinara , Hamilton Angela D. , Brown Hilary K. 
Published: November 2020

CONTEXT:
Women with disabilities are at elevated risk for pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum complications. However, there has not been a synthesis of literature on the neonatal and infant health outcomes of their offspring.

OBJECTIVE:
We examined the association between maternal disability and risk for adverse neonatal and infant health outcomes.

DATA SOURCES:
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched from database inception to January 2020.

STUDY SELECTION:
Studies were included if they reported original data on the association between maternal physical, sensory, or intellectual and/or developmental disabilities and neonatal or infant health outcomes; had a referent group of women with no disabilities; were peer-reviewed journal articles or theses; and were written in English.

DATA EXTRACTION:
We used standardized instruments to extract data and assess study quality. DerSimonian and Laird random effects models were used for pooled analyses.

RESULTS:
Thirty-one studies, representing 20 distinct cohorts, met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses revealed that newborns of women with physical, sensory, and intellectual and/or developmental disabilities were at elevated risk for low birth weight and preterm birth, with smaller numbers of studies revealing elevated risk for other adverse neonatal and infant outcomes.

LIMITATIONS:
Most studies had moderate (n = 9) or weak quality (n = 17), with lack of control for confounding a common limitation.

CONCLUSIONS:
In future work, researchers should explore the roles of tailored preconception and perinatal care, along with family-centered pediatric care particularly in the newborn period, in mitigating adverse outcomes among offspring of women with disabilities.
Análise da qualidade psicométrica da prova de matemática do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio brasileiro de 2018
Authors: Soares Denilson Junio Marques , Soares Talita Emidio Andrade , Santos Wagner Dos 
Published: November 2020

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), criado em 1998 para avaliar a qualidade da educação oferecida para os jovens brasileiros, tem se consolidado como a principal porta de acesso ao Ensino Superior no Brasil. Contudo, ainda é pequeno o número de estudos voltados a analisar a qualidade do exame e dos itens que o compõe. Para contribuir com esta temática, este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a qualidade psicométrica da Prova de Matemática da edição de 2018 do ENEM/Brasil. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa predominantemente quantitativa e exploratória, desenvolvida a partir da aplicação de técnicas psicométricas a uma amostra de respondentes, matriculados no 3º ano do Ensino Médio no ano de sua aplicação. Os resultados indicaram uma prova de confiabilidade satisfatória . Quanto aos itens que a compõem, identificou-se 4 que apresentavam problemas de ajuste ao modelo logístico de 3 parâmetros da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI), adotado pelo exame, 1 que apresentava coeficiente de discriminação significativamente baixo e 5 que apresentavam coeficiente de dificuldade acima dos limites considerados aceitáveis neste estudo , definidos a partir de consulta à literatura especializada. Esses resultados nos levam a concluir que uma porcentagem considerável dos itens da prova analisada (22.7%) apresenta parâmetros psicométricos insatisfatórios. Tendo em vista que qualquer imprecisão sinalizada pode comprometer a validade dos resultados obtidos, sugere-se que os processos que envolvem a criação, revisão, testagem e calibração dos itens sejam aprimorados, de modo a garantir a isonomia do exame.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS HABILIDADES DE SUPORTE BÁSICO DE VIDA NO SERVIÇO PRÉ-HOSPITALAR MÓVEL DE URGÊNCIA
Authors: Pereira Álamo Araújo Belém , Naghettini Alessandra Vitorino 
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: avaliar as habilidades dos profissionais de saúde do serviço pré-hospitalar móvel de urgência, em Suporte Básico de Vida, por meio de simulação realística. Método: estudo analítico observacional transversal, com população composta por médicos e enfermeiros do serviço pré-hospitalar. Foi avaliado o perfil e as habilidades em reanimação cardiopulmonar. Resultados: observou-se que 61,4% dos avaliados obtiveram conceito “muito bom” na Avaliação Inicial, 73,7% nas Compressões Torácicas, 50,9% nas Ventilações, 84,2% na Desfibrilação e 54,4% na Desobstrução das Vias Aéreas. As pontuações mais baixas foram observadas na última estação, onde 53,8% relataram não ter participado de cursos realizados no serviço, 30,8% não participaram de cursos externos ao serviço. Fatores profissiográficos como sexo, participação em treinamentos, frequência de contato com parada cardíaca, influenciaram significativamente os resultados das avaliações. Conclusão: identificou-se heterogeneidade nos resultados e necessidade de maior adesão dos profissionais de saúde às atividades de ensino em saúde.
Çelik sac ile kaplanmış kuru duvarlar kullanarak deprem dayanımı yetersiz betonarme çerçevelerin güçlendirilmesi
Authors: BALIK Fatih Süleyman 
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı; hızlı, ekonomik, hafif, fonksiyonel,
ısı ve ses yalıtımında etkili bir güçlendirme yönteminin geliştirilmesidir. Bu deneysel
çalışmada, mevcut yapılardaki kusurları yansıtabilecek şekilde toplam 4 adet
betonarme çerçeve üretilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacına bağlı olarak bu betonarme
çerçevelerden iki adedi çelik sac ile kaplanmış kuru duvarlar kullanarak güçlendirilmiştir.
Uygulan bu güçlendirmelerin etkinliğini belirleyebilmek için
betonarme çerçevelerden ikisi referans numune olarak test edilmiştir. Birinci
referans numunesi boş betonarme çerçevedir. İkinci referans numune ise gaz
beton dolgu duvarlarla doldurularak üretilmiştir. Bu numunelerin testleri,
sabit eksenel yük ve tersinir-tekrarlanır yatay yük etkisi altında
gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Çalışma neticesinde; tek ve çift iskeletli kuru duvar
sistemlerin, betonarme çerçevenin yatay yük taşıma kapasitesine, enerji tüketme
kapasitesine ve başlangıç ​​rijitliğine olumlu yönde katkı sağladığı
görülmüştür. Ayrıca, kuru duvar sistemlerinde kullanılan eleman boyut ve
bağlantı detaylarının değiştirilmesiyle daha etkin bir güçlendirme yönteminin
geliştirilebileceği sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır.
Articulated Video Production Between Teachers and Training Teachers as a Proposal for the Teaching of Modern and Contemporary Physics
Authors: Peres Marcus Vinicius , Conceição Sam Adam Hoffmann , Dos Santos Talita Vicente , Lenz Jorge Alberto , Saavedra Filho Nestor Cortez , Bezerra Jr Arandi Ginane 
Published: November 2020

Background: The Teaching of Modern and Contemporary Physics (MCP) appears in the PCN + and in the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) for High School. Its application encounters cognitive obstacles by students, added to the little didactic literature or research in teaching, as well as didactic experiments. Objectives: This work presents a project to develop didactic videos for teaching MCP. It is an articulation between undergraduate and graduate courses, in the conception and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in MCP by teachers. Design: Conception is based on Gowin’s Triad, where teaching materials are one of the vertices of the sharing of meanings involving teachers and students, as well as they are designed with an emphasis on scientific rigor and, at the same time, seek to arouse the interest of the target audience. The materials are licensed as Open Educational Resources and can be used individually, but together they constitute an organic whole in several MCP themes. Setting and Participants: Master's students in Science Teaching and initial and continuing training Physics teachers, from a Public University. Data collection and analysis: To assess the impact, an analysis was made of the number of accesses and placements (ranking), using Internet search tools as well as application in the classroom. Results: the number of accesses on the web and perceptions in the classroom point to the sharing of meanings predicted by Gowin. Conclusions: Results place this research as a concrete possibility to combine scientific training, research in teaching and commitment to the school.
Immediate breast reconstruction using titanised mesh
Authors: Krivorotko P. V. , Pesotskyy R. S. , Zernov K. Yu. , Bessonov A. A. , Zhiltsova E. K. , Komyakhov A. V. , Tabagua T. T. , Nikolaev K. S. , Rychagov K. Yu. , Ivanov V. G. , Gigolaeva L. P. , Ivanova O. A. , Dashyan G. A. , Semiglazov V. V. , Emelyanov A. S. , Yerechshenko S. S. , Shishova A. S. , Munaeva E. T. , Aseeva Z. A. , Semiglazov V. F. 
Published: November 2020

Additional covering of the lower pole with allomaterial or its synthetic analogues during immediate breast reconstruction is being performed at the N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, for last 7 years. Initially, epidermal flap was the only option for lower pole coverage; later acellular dermal matrix was used as part of clinical approbation. Average complication rate ranges from 20–35 % due to blood circulatory (supply) disorders.Since 2018, a titanised mesh been used as an additional coverage of the lower pole in the department of breast tumors. Through coating characteristics and its structure the frequency of fatal complications significally decreased.
Vacuum-assisted aspiration biopsy in mammology practice. Analysis of 3-year experience
Authors: Skurikhin S. S. , Suvorova Yu. V. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: to analyze the 3-year experience of vacuum-assisted aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance in patients with focal mammary neoplasms in categories BIRADS 2–5.Materials and methods. The totals of 121 interventions were performed in 121 patients. In 9 (7.4 %) cases there were more than 1 node in the mammary gland.Results. In 97.7 % cases the removed formations were benign. The breast cancer was detected in 5 (2.3 %) cases; there were cases of malignant tumors in each category according to the BIRADS scale. The complications were registered in 15 (12.3 %) cases and did not require surgical treatment. In 77 (63.3 %) cases the results of ultrasound monitoring were obtained in 6 months after the removal of formations, residual tissue was detected in 6 (4.9 %) patients.Conclusions. The vacuum-assisted aspiration biopsy, thus, has a high diagnostic accuracy; the number of completely removed benign formations allows us to consider the method as an alternative to sectoral resection. It is worth saying that a high percentage of complications is associated with the stage of mastering the method; all complications were resolved conservatively.
Head and neck tumors and assisted reproductive technologies: social and legal aspects
Authors: Ognerubov N. A. 
Published: November 2020

Background. Currently, the proportion of pregnancies obtained by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) reaches 1.7–4.0 %. Short-term and long-term results of ART implementation require public and, most importantly, legal assessment. Some publications suggest higher risks of congenital deformities and head and neck cancers in children conceived by ART.Objective: to review publications analyzing the problem of head and neck cancers in children conceived by ART and legal protection of the embryo.Materials and methods. We performed retrospective analysis of 42 articles published in 1995–2019, including 33 foreign and 9 Russian articles.Results. Earlier studies have demonstrated that children conceived by ART have an increased risk of cancers, including head and neck cancers, such as central nervous system tumors and retinoblastoma. Recent publications have shown no significant differences in the prevalence of malignant tumors between children born after ART and children conceived naturally. Nevertheless, the risk of developing head and neck tumors is higher in children after ART. The analysis of Russian and international legislation has demonstrated that the legal status of an embryo differs depending on whether it develops in vivo or in vitro.Conclusion. Children conceived by ART are at higher risk of malignant head and neck tumors, primarily central nervous system tumors and retinoblastoma. The legal status of an embryo depends on whether it develops in vivo or in vitro.
The Quality of Justice in Criminal, Arbitrazh, Civil and Administrative Cases: Comparison by Individual Parameters
Authors: Sharipova A. R. 
Published: November 2020

Based on statistics and survey results the author highlights that there is a markedly lower quality of criminal justice as compared with arbitrazh (commercial) disputes. The comparison is based on six indicators: the distribution of cases among judges, the capabilities of the information system, the policy of the use of telecommunications technologies, the observance of procedural deadlines, adherence of the court to timelines and the use of mediation procedures. The selected parameters have been developed by the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice and reflect not only the organizational but also the procedural features of each of the types of proceedings under consideration.The author supports the concept of judicial law, and, therefore, the study is devoted to finding unreasonable differences in the quality of justice in some types of justice. These include: automated distribution of cases in courts of general jurisdiction which is affected by the will of operators to the extent in which it is implemented in arbitrazh courts; lack of necessary “e-justice” tools in "Pravosudie" Stat Automated System (GAS "Pravosudie"); insufficient use of video-conferencing by the courts of general jurisdiction, unwillingness to conduct an electronic case and remote formalization with cases; continous consideration of criminal cases in comparison with arbitrazh and other cases; disrespect of the courts of general jurisdiction for the time of the proceedings’ participants; refusal of the court to promote amicable settlement of criminal disputes. Fully aware of all the differences between criminal and arbitrazh proceedings on many grounds: both the existence (or absence) of formalized pretrial proceedings and qualitative characteristics of the parties and their representatives and the specific weight of the cases dealt with by the courts in the total scope of all legal cases in the country, the author nevertheless considers that according to the indicators applied by the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice all types of domestic proceedings are still comparable, and the apparent differences in accessibility and quality of justice are not unavoidable.
Russian Political and Legal Thought on the Culture of State Building
Authors: Demchenko T. I. 
Published: November 2020

The paper shows how Russian thinkers understand culture and its unifying role in society and the state. The imperfection inherent in Russian society determined the movement of thought from existing to what is due. In a complex, long-term process of searching for what is due, Russian thinkers have developed high-quality ideas aimed at an ideal understanding, a just structure and action of the state. Justification of the ideal structure of state life was associated with the comprehension of the meaning of life, the national idea, the essence of power, the state. It was argued that without their understanding, the state cannot determine not only the highest goal, but also specific historical tasks. It cannot develop just and effective state decrees. Due to the modern westernization process in Russia, the priority of material culture focused on material enrichment, success, and prestige in society was established at the official level. This led to the loss of culture’s true role and national characteristics. By proclaiming a quantitative criterion, modern culture has separated people, ceased to fulfill a unifying mission in society, the state, and to serve the quality of national life. Repressed at the official level, Russian culture is preserved in various spheres of the national consciousness and the unconscious. The task of reviving, preserving and exalting Russia requires a real restructuring of the Russian state in accordance with the principles of its own political and legal culture. The search for the solution to this problem encourages an in-depth analysis, second thought and new interpretation of the established understanding and role of culture in the structure and life of a state-organized society developed by Russian thinkers.