bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic prediction of key genes for ovarian cancer by co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Wang Jinjin , Liu Jinglan , Zhu Lili , Ma Heng , Zou Jiang , Wu Wei , Wang Kangkai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy, characterized by high recurrence and mortality. However, the mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain largely unknown, hindering the investigation of the functional roles. This study sought to identify key hub genes that may serve as biomarkers correlated with prognosis. Here, we conduct an integrated analysis using the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) to explore the clinically significant gene sets and identify candidate hub genes associated with OC clinical phenotypes. The gene expression profiles were obtained from the MERAV database. Validations of candidate hub genes were performed with RNASeqV2 data and the corresponding clinical information available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In addition, we examined the candidate genes in ovarian cancer cells. Totally, 19 modules were identified and 26 hub genes were extracted from the most significant module (R2 = .53) in clinical stages. Through the validation of TCGA data, we found that five hub genes (COL1A1, DCN, LUM, POSTN and THBS2) predicted poor prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that these five genes exhibited diagnostic efficiency for early‐stage and advanced‐stage cancer. The protein expression of these five genes in tumour tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. Besides, the expression of COL1A1 was associated with the TAX resistance of tumours and could be affected by the autophagy level in OC cell line. In conclusion, our findings identified five genes could serve as biomarkers related to the prognosis of OC and may be helpful for revealing pathogenic mechanism and developing further research.
LncRNA MIR4435‐2HG potentiates the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells via modulating miR‐1224‐5p/TGFBR2 axis
Authors: Xu Hongchao , Zhang Beilin , Yang Yinggui , Li Zihuang , Zhao Pan , Wu Weiqing , Zhang Huirong , Mao Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) belongs to the high‐grade (IV) gliomas with extremely poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence uncovered the key roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GBM development. This study aimed to determine the biological actions and the clinical relevance of lncRNA MIR4435‐2 Host Gene (MIR4435‐2HG) in GBM. Data from GEPIA database showed that MIR4435‐2HG was up‐regulated in GBM tissues and high expression of MIR4435‐2HG correlated with shorter overall survival of GBM patients. Further experimental assays verified the up‐regulation of MIR4435‐2HG in GBM tissues and cell lines. In vitro cell studies and in vivo animal studies showed that knockdown of MIR4435‐2HG resulted in the inhibition of GBM cell proliferation and invasion and in vivo tumour growth, while MIR4435‐2HG overexpression driven GBM progression. Furthermore, MIR44435‐2HG was found to sponge miR‐1224‐5p and suppress miR‐1224‐5p expression; overexpression of miR‐1224‐5p attenuated the enhancement in GBM cell proliferation and invasion induced by MIR4435‐2HG overexpression. In a subsequent study, miR‐1224‐5p was found to target transforming growth factor‐beta receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) and repressed TGFBR2 expression, and in vitro assays showed that miR‐1224‐5p exerted tumour‐suppressive effects via targeting TGFBR2. More importantly, TGFRB2 knockdown antagonized hyper‐proliferation and invasion of GBM cells with MIR4435‐2HG overexpression. Clinically, the down‐regulation of miR‐1224‐5p and up‐regulation of TGFBR2 were verified in the GBM clinical samples. Taken together, the present study suggests the oncogenic role of MIR4435‐2HG in GBM and underlies the key function of MIR4435‐2HG‐driven GBM progression via targeting miR‐1224‐5p/TGFBR2 axis.
Analysis of the bacterial floral structure and diversity of Xuanwei ham by 16S rDNA sequencing
Authors: Shan Luying , Li Yinjiao , Zheng Shi , Wei Yuanmiao , Shang Ying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractXuanwei ham fermentation relies on indigenous and environmental microorganisms, which have abundant microbial resources. However, the traditional method of microbial community determination gives low detection rate of microorganisms. In order to reveal the microbial community of the Xuanwei ham more sufficiently, in this study, the total DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of the microbes from samples obtained from two brands of Xuanwei ham (10 samples each) were extracted with kit and SDS‐CTAB method. Afterward, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to target the 16S rDNA gene V4 variant sequence. The composition and diversity of bacterial communities were analyzed. Results revealed that 872 operational taxonomic units, including 23 phyla, 39 classes, 61 orders, 131 families, and 258 genera, were obtained from the 20 ham samples at a similarity level of 97%. The bacterial diversity in Brand II was richer than that in Brand I. The DNA extracted by SDS‐CTAB could show the bacterial diversity better than that extracted by the kit method. At the genus level, the dominant bacterial communities were Tetragenococcus for Brand I and Acinetobacter for Brand II.
Aluminium is essential for root growth and development of tea plants (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Sun Lili , Zhang Mengshi , Liu Xiaomei , Mao Qianzhuo , Shi Chen , Kochian Leon V. , Liao Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOn acid soils, the trivalent aluminium ion (Al3+) predominates and is very rhizotoxic to most plant species. For some native plant species adapted to acid soils including tea (Camellia sinensis), Al3+ has been regarded as a beneficial mineral element. In this study, we discovered that Al3+ is actually essential for tea root growth and development in all the tested varieties. Aluminum ion promoted new root growth in five representative tea varieties with dose‐dependent responses to Al3+ availability. In the absence of Al3+, the tea plants failed to generate new roots, and the root tips were damaged within 1 d of Al deprivation. Structural analysis of root tips demonstrated that Al was required for root meristem development and activity. In situ morin staining of Al3+ in roots revealed that Al mainly localized to nuclei in root meristem cells, but then gradually moved to the cytosol when Al3+ was subsequently withdrawn. This movement of Al3+ from nuclei to cytosols was accompanied by exacerbated DNA damage, which suggests that the nuclear‐targeted Al primarily acts to maintain DNA integrity. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence that Al3+ is essential for root growth in tea plants through maintenance of DNA integrity in meristematic cells.
Reinforcement of the larynx and trachea in echolocating and non‐echolocating bats
Authors: Carter Richard T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe synchronization of flight mechanics with respiration and echolocation call emission by bats, while economizing these behaviors, presumably puts compressive loads on the cartilaginous rings that hold open the respiratory tract. Previous work has shown that during postnatal development of Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae), the onset of adult echolocation call emission rate coincides with calcification of the larynx, and the development of flight coincides with tracheal ring calcification. In the present study, I assessed the level of reinforcement of the respiratory system in 13 bat species representing six families that use stereotypical modes of echolocation (i.e. duty cycle % and intensity). Using computed tomography, the degree of mineralization or ossification of the tracheal rings, cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages were determined for non‐echolocators, tongue clicking, low‐duty cycle low‐intensity, low‐duty cycle high‐intensity, and high‐duty cycle high‐intensity echolocating bats. While all bats had evidence of cervical tracheal ring mineralization, about half the species had evidence of thoracic tracheal ring calcification. Larger bats (Phyllostomus hastatus and Pterpodidae sp.) exhibited more extensive tracheal ring mineralization, suggesting an underlying cause independent of laryngeal echolocation. Within most of the laryngeally echolocating species, the degree of mineralization or ossification of the larynx was dependent on the mode of echolocation system used. Low‐duty cycle low‐intensity bats had extensively mineralized cricoids, and zero to very minor mineralization of the thyroids and arytenoids. Low‐duty cycle high‐intensity bats had extensively mineralized cricoids, and patches of thyroid and arytenoid mineralization. The high‐duty cycle high‐intensity rhinolophids and hipposiderid had extensively ossified cricoids, large patches of ossification on the thyroids, and heavily ossified arytenoids. The high‐duty cycle high‐intensity echolocator, Pteronotus parnellii, had mineralization patterns and laryngeal morphology very similar to the other low‐duty cycle high‐intensity mormoopid species, perhaps suggesting relatively recent evolution of high‐duty cycle echolocation in P. parnellii compared with the Old World high‐duty cycle echolocators (Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae). All laryngeal echolocators exhibited mineralized or ossified lateral expansions of the cricoid for articulation with the inferior horn of the thyroid, these were most prominent in the high‐duty cycle high‐intensity rhinolophids and hipposiderid, and least prominent in the low‐duty cycle low‐intensity echolocators. The non‐laryngeal echolocators had extensively ossified cricoid and thyroid cartilages, and no evidence of mineralization/ossification of the arytenoids or lateral expansions of the cricoid. While the non‐echolocators had extensive ossification of the larynx, it was inconsistent with that seen in the laryngeal echolocators.
Childhood vitiligo in Egypt: Clinico‐epidemiologic Profile of 483 patients
Authors: El‐Husseiny Rania , Abd‐Elhaleem Ahmed , Salah El‐Din Waleed , Abdallah Marwa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildhood vitiligo is commonly encountered. Pattern and distribution of childhood vitiligo were not clearly described in past.AimsTo study clinical characteristics of vitiligo among Egyptian children in relation to epidemiological data and compare them with those of adolescents and adults.Patients and MethodsRecruited clinically diagnosed vitiligo patients were categorized into three groups: I (children): <12 years old (yo), II (adolescents): 12‐18 yo, and III (adults): 18‐30 yo. Patients were subjected to history taking, general and dermatological examination to determine skin phototype, type, presentation, and distribution of vitiligo, percentage of body area involved using vitiligo extent score (VES), associated mucosal involvement, presence of leukotrichia, koebnerization, and halo nevi.ResultsA total of 483 vitiligo patients were included: 220 children, 123 adolescents, and 140 adults. The most common form of vitiligo was nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV). Segmental and active vitiligo were more common in children than in adolescents and adults. The most common site of distribution of NSV in children was the face (periocular) vs arms and forearms in adults followed by thighs and legs in both. The mean age of onset of vitiligo in children was 6.18 (SD 2.93) yo, while mean duration of disease was 2.12 (SD 2.21) y. Face was the most common site of onset of vitiligo in children and adolescents vs arms and forearms in adults.ConclusionsChildhood vitiligo differs from adult onset vitiligo regarding several features as type, site of onset, distribution, extent, and activity of disease.
“To live until you die could actually include being intimate and having sex”: A focus group study on nurses’ experiences of their work with sexuality in palliative care
Authors: Hjalmarsson Emma , Lindroth Malin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine nurses’ experiences of working with issues of sexuality in palliative care.BackgroundSexuality has value for human lives and relations and is important for one's overall well‐being throughout life. Guidelines for palliative care state that sexuality should be addressed. Previous research shows that the inclusion of sexuality in general health care is deficient, and there is a knowledge gap on how sexuality is addressed in palliative care.MethodWithin a qualitative design, the empirical material was obtained through three focus group interviews with eleven registered nurses working in palliative care. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultNurses experience that sexuality has an indistinct place in their work, “sexuality” is a word difficult to use, and differing views are held on whether it is relevant to address sexuality, and if so, when? Although they have experiences involving patient and partner sexuality, which is viewed as sexuality in transformation during the palliative care process, nurses seldom explicitly address patient or partner sexuality. Despite the lack of knowledge, routines and organisational support, they acknowledge the importance of addressing sexuality in palliative care, as they express that they want to do right.ConclusionOverall, nurses appear to follow differing cultural, interpersonal and intrapsychic scripts on sexuality rather than knowledge‐based guidelines. This underlines the importance of managers who safeguard the adherence to existing palliative care guidelines where sexuality is already included. In this work, it is important to be aware of norms to avoid excluding patients and partners that differ from the nurses themselves as well as from societal norms on sexuality.Relevance to clinical practicesThe results can be used as a point of departure when implementing existing or new guidelines to include and address sexuality and sexual health needs in palliative care.
Price and Probability: Decomposing the Takeover Effects of Anti‐Takeover Provisions
Authors: CUÑAT VICENTE , GINÉ MIREIA , GUADALUPE MARIA 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWe study the effects of anti‐takeover provisions (ATPs) on the takeover probability, the takeover premium, and target selection. Voting to remove an ATP increases both the takeover probability and the takeover premium, that is, there is no evidence of a trade‐off between premiums and takeover probabilities. We provide causal estimates based on shareholder proposals to remove ATPs and address the endogenous selection of targets through bounding techniques. The positive premium effect in less protected firms is driven by better bidder‐target matching and merger synergies.
A novel effector CfEC92 of Colletotrichum fructicola contributes to glomerella leaf spot virulence by suppressing plant defences at the early infection phase
Authors: Shang Shengping , Wang Bo , Zhang Song , Liu Guangli , Liang Xiaofei , Zhang Rong , Gleason Mark L. , Sun Guangyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum fructicola causes diseases on a broad range of plant species. On susceptible cultivars of apple, it induces severe early defoliation and fruit spots, named glomerella leaf spot (GLS), but the mechanisms of pathogenicity have remained elusive. Phytopathogens exhibit small secreted effectors to advance host infection by manipulating host immune reactions. We report the identification and characterization of CfEC92, an effector required for C. fructicola virulence. CfEC92 is a Colletotrichum‐specific small secreted protein that suppresses BAX‐triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Accumulation of the gene transcript was barely detectable in conidia or vegetative hyphae, but was highly up‐regulated in appressoria formed during early apple leaf infection. Gene deletion mutants were not affected in vegetative growth, appressorium formation, or appressorium‐mediated cellophane penetration. However, the mutants were significantly reduced in virulence toward apple leaves and fruits. Microscopic examination indicated that infection by the deletion mutants elicited elevated deposition of papillae at the penetration sites, and formation of infection vesicles and primary hyphae was retarded. Signal peptide activity, subcellular localization, and cell death‐suppressive activity (without signal peptide) assays suggest that CfEC92 could be secreted and perform virulence functions inside plant cells. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR results confirmed that the deletion mutants triggered elevated host defence reactions. Our results strongly support the interpretation that CfEC92 contributes to C. fructicola virulence as a plant immunity suppressor at the early infection phase.
Central neuroprotection demonstrated by novel oxime countermeasures to nerve agent surrogates
Authors: Chambers Janice E. , Meek Edward C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOximes remain a long‐standing element of the therapy for nerve agents, organophosphates (OPs) that poison by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), resulting in hypercholinergic activity both centrally and peripherally. Oximes, such as the pyridinium oxime pralidoxime (2‐PAM) in the United States, can reactivate the inhibited AChE and restore cholinergic function. However, there are several drawbacks to the current oximes; one of them, the inability of these oximes to effectively enter the brain, is the subject of study by several laboratories, including ours. Our laboratory invented a platform of substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes that were tested against highly relevant surrogates of the nerve agents, sarin and VX. Using high sublethal dosages of the OPs, the novel oximes were observed to attenuate seizure‐like behavior in rats and to reduce the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (an indicator of glial scarring) to control levels, in contrast to levels observed with 2‐PAM or no oxime therapy. Using lethal levels of surrogates, some novel oximes protected against lethality compared with 2‐PAM, shortened the time to cessation of seizure‐like behavior (from 8+ to 6 h), and protected the brain neurons. Therefore, some of these novel oximes are showing exceptional promise alone or in combination with 2‐PAM as therapeutics against nerve agent toxicity.
Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics – The 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics
Authors: Brough Helen A. , Kalayci Omer , Sediva Anna , Untersmayr Eva , Munblit Daniel , Rodriguez del Rio Pablo , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Arasi Stefania , Alvaro‐Lozano Montserrat , Tsabouri Sophia , Galli Elena , Beken Burcin , Eigenmann Philippe A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile the world is facing an unprecedented pandemic with COVID‐19, patients with chronic diseases need special attention and if warranted adaptation of their regular treatment plan. In children, allergy and asthma are among the most prevalent non‐communicable chronic diseases, and healthcare providers taking care of these patients need guidance. At the current stage of knowledge, children have less severe symptoms of COVID‐19, and severe asthma and immunodeficiency are classified as risk factors. In addition, there is no evidence that currently available asthma and allergy treatments, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, increase the risk of severe disease from COVID‐19. Most countries affected by COVID‐19 have opted for nationwide confinement, which means that communication with the primary clinician is often performed by telemedicine. Optimal disease control of allergic, asthmatic, and immunodeficient children should be sought according to usual treatment guidelines. This statement of the EAACI Section on Pediatrics puts forward six recommendations for the management of childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies based on six underlying facts and existing evidence.
Systemic mastocytosis associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a 4‐year‐old child
Authors: Srinivas Sahana M. , Agarwal Rashmi , Babu Narendra , Naik Madhavi , Kumar Rekha , Dhar Sandipan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSystemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematologic non‐mast cell lineage disease (SM‐AHN) represents a specific subtype of mastocytosis and is extremely rare in children. We describe a 4‐year‐old child with systemic mastocytosis associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma. The child had cutaneous mastocytosis and lymphadenopathy without other clinical features of SM, which was diagnosed only by bone marrow examination.
Systemic immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory skin diseases in children: Expert consensus‐based guidance for clinical decision‐making during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Reynolds Sean D. , Mathur Anubhav N. , Chiu Yvonne E. , Brandling‐Bennett Heather A. , Pope Elena , Siegel Michael P. , Holland Kristen E. , Paller Amy S. , Siegfried Elaine C. , Tom Wynnis L. , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Tollefson Megha M. , Maguiness Sheilagh , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Sugarman Jeffrey , Frieden Ilona J. , Oza Vikash S. , Cipriano Sarah D. , Huang Jennifer T. , Shah Sonal D. , Lauren Christine T. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , McMahon Patrick , Cordoro Kelly M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has raised questions about the approach to management of systemic immunosuppressive therapies for dermatologic indications in children. Change to: Given the absence of data to address concerns related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and systemic immunosuppressive therapies in an evidence‐based manner, a Pediatric Dermatology COVID‐19 Response Task Force (PDCRTF) was assembled to offer time‐sensitive guidance for clinicians.MethodsA survey was distributed to an expert panel of 37 pediatric dermatologists on the PDCRTF to assess expert opinion and current practice related to three primary domains of systemic therapy: initiation, continuation, and laboratory monitoring.ResultsNearly all respondents (97%) reported that the COVID‐19 pandemic had impacted their decision to initiate immunosuppressive medications. The majority of pediatric dermatologists (87%) reported that they were pausing or reducing the frequency of laboratory monitoring for certain immunosuppressive medications. In asymptomatic patients, continuing therapy was the most popular choice across all medications queried. The majority agreed that patients on immunosuppressive medications who have a household exposure to COVID‐19 or test positive for new infection should temporarily discontinue systemic and biologic medications, with the exception of systemic steroids, which may require tapering.ConclusionsThe ultimate decision regarding initiation, continuation, and laboratory monitoring of immunosuppressive therapy during the pandemic requires careful deliberation, consideration of the little evidence available, and discussion with families. Consideration of an individual's adherence to COVID‐19 preventive measures, risk of exposure, and the potential severity if infected must be weighed against the dermatological disease, medication, and risks to the patient of tapering or discontinuing therapies.