bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Parameters of Electrode Metal Transported Drops by Simulation and Visualization
Authors: Ilyaschenko D. P. , Kryukov A. V. , Lavrova E. V. , Kuznetsov M. A. , Verkhoturova E. V. 
Published: September 2020

The nature of the molten electrode metal melting and transfer is the main process parameter of manual metal arc welding (MMA) with coated electrodes. It significantly affects the efficiency of the welding process. For this reason the relevant task is to identify the parameters of the transferred molten electrode metal drops and their further transfer into the weld pool with maximum accuracy. The aim of the given paper is to develop a method and visual representation of the form and the geometrics (volume, area, mass) of a molten electrode metal drop.We have developed the method of simulation modeling and visualization for molten electrode metal drops transfer and their parameters. It allows obtaining highly reliable input data to be used for developing and verification of mathematical models for the thermal fields distribution along the welded item surface. The algorithm is realized as the calculation programs for specifying the molten metal drop parameters and means of its geometrics and space form visualization.We used this method to specify a number of molten electrode metal drop parameters: volume, mass, center-of-gravity position, surface area.We have established that it is possible to conduct the measurements with maximumThe suggested method significantly decreases the labor intensity of experimental studies aimed at specifying the size of electrode metal drops in comparison to the standard methods. When we know the size of the drops under certain welding conditions we can control the drop transfer process, i. e. reduce the heat input into the welded item and produce weld joints with the tailored performance characteristics.
Impacts of Dialysis Adequacy and Intradialytic Hypotension on Changes in Dialysis Recovery Time
Authors: Guedes Murilo , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Leme Juliana El Ghoz , Jiao Yue , Raimann Jochen G. , Wang Yuedong , Kotanko Peter , de Moraes Thyago Proença , Thadhani Ravi , Maddux Franklin W. , Usvyat Len A. , Larkin John W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:Dialysis recovery time (DRT) surveys capture the perceived time after HD to return to performing regular activities. Prior studies suggest the majority of HD patients report a DRT >2hours. However, the profiles of and modifiable dialysis practices associated with changes in DRT relative to the start of dialysis are unknown. We hypothesized hemodialysis (HD) dose and rates of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) would associate with changes in DRT in the first years after initiating dialysis.Methods:We analyzed data from adult HD patients who responded to a DRT survey ≤180 days from first date of dialysis (FDD) during 2014 to 2017. DRT survey was administered with annual KDQOL survey. DRT survey asks: “How long does it take you to be able to return to your normal activities after your dialysis treatment?” Answers are: <0.5, 0.5-to-1, 1-to-2, 2-to-4, or >4 hours. An adjusted logistic regression model computed odds ratio for a change to a longer DRT (increase above DRT >2 hours) in reference to a change to a shorter DRT (decrease below DRT <2 hours, or from DRT >4 hours). Changes in DRT were calculated from incident (≤180 days FDD) to first prevalent (>365-to-≤545 days FDD) and second prevalent (>730-to-≤910 days FDD) years.Results:Among 98616 incident HD patients (age 62.6±14.4 years, 57.8% male) who responded to DRT survey, a higher spKt/V in the incident period was associated with 13.5% (OR=0.865; 95%CI 0.801-to-0.935) lower risk of a change to a longer DRT in the first-prevalent year. A higher number of HD treatments with IDH episodes per month in the incident period was associated with a 0.8% (OR=1.008; 95%CI 1.001-to-1.015) and 1.6% (OR=1.016; 95%CI 1.006-to-1.027) higher probability of a change to a longer DRT in the first- and second-prevalent years, respectively. Consistently, an increased in incidence of IDH episodes/months was associated to a change to a longer DRT over time.Conclusions:Incident patients who had higher spKt/V and less sessions with IDH episodes had a lower likelihood of changing to a longer DRT in first year of HD. Dose optimization strategies with cardiac stability in fluid removal should be tested.
FABP7 is a potential biomarker to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Xie Qin , XIAO Ying-sheng , JIA Shi-cheng , ZHENG Jie-xuan , DU Zhen-chao , CHEN Yi-chun , CHEN Mu-tong , LIANG Yuan-ke , LIN Hao-yu , Zeng De 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is critical in choosing appropriate chemotherapeutic regimen for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Herein, we sought to identify potential biomarkers to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients. Methods: Three genomic profiles acquired by microarray analysis from subjects with or without residual tumors after NAC downloaded from the GEO database were used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). An array of public databases, including ONCOMINE, cBioportal, Breast Cancer Gene Expression Miner v4.0, and the Kaplan Meir-plotter, etc., were used to evaluate the potential functions, related signaling pathway, as well as prognostic values of FABP7 in breast cancer. Anti-cancer drug sensitivity assay, real-time PCR, ﬂow cytometry and western-blotting assays were used to investigate the function of FABP7 in breast cancer cells and examine the relevant mechanism. Results: Two differentially expressed genes, including FABP7 and ESR1, were identified to be potential indicators of response to anthracycline and taxanes for breast cancer. FABP7 was associated with better chemotherapeutic response, while ESR1 was associated with poorer chemotherapeutic effectiveness. Generally, the expression of FABP7 was significantly lower in breast cancer than normal tissue samples. FABP7 mainly high expressed in ER-negative breast tumor and might regulate cell cycle to enhance chemosensitivity. Moreover, elevated FABP7 expression increased the percentage of cells at both S and G2/M phase in MDA-MB-231-ADR cells, and decreased the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase, as compared to control group. Western-blotting results showed that elevated FABP7 expression could increase Skp2 expression, while decrease CDH1 and p27kip1 expression in MDA-MB-231-ADR cells. In addition, FABP7 was correlated to longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) in BC patients with ER-negative subtype of BC treated with chemotherapy. Conclusion: FABP7 is a potential favorable biomarker and predicts better response to NAC in breast cancer patients. Future study on the predictive value and detail molecular mechanisms of FABP7 in contribution to chemosensitivity in breast cancer is warranted.
ESCRT machinery plays a role in microautophagy in yeast
Authors: Morshed Shamsul , Tasnin Most Naoshia , Ushimaru Takashi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Microautophagy, which degrades cargos by direct lysosomal/vacuolar engulfment of cytoplasmic cargos, is promoted after nutrient starvation and the inactivation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) protein kinase. In budding yeast, microautophagy has been commonly assessed using processing assays with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged vacuolar membrane proteins, such as Vph1 and Pho8. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system is proposed to be required for microautophagy, because degradation of vacuolar membrane protein Vph1 was compromised in ESCRT-defective mutants. However, ESCRT is also critical for the vacuolar sorting of most vacuolar proteins, and hence reexamination of the involvement of ESCRT in microautophagic processes is required.Results: Here, we show that the Vph1-GFP processing assay is unsuitable for estimating the involvement of ESCRT in microautophagy, because Vph1-GFP accumulated highly in the prevacuolar class E compartment in ESCRT mutants. In contrast, GFP-Pho8 and Sna4-GFP destined for vacuolar membranes via an alternative adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) pathway, were properly localized on vacuolar membranes in ESCRT-deficient cells. Nevertheless, microautophagic degradation of GFP-Pho8 and Sna4-GFP after TORC1 inactivation was hindered in ESCRT mutants, indicating that ESCRT is indeed required for microautophagy after nutrient starvation and TORC1 inactivation. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for the direct role of ESCRT in microautophagy induction.
Skin cancers in people with albinism in Togo in 2019: results of two rounds of national mobile skin care clinics
Authors: Saka Bayaki , Akakpo Sefako Abla , Teclessou Julienne Noude , Gnossike Piham , Adam Saliou , Mahamadou Garba , Kassang Panawe , Elegbede Yvette , Mouhari-Toure Abas , Darre Tchin , Kombate Koussake , Pitche Palokinam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In people with albinism (PWA), the deficiency of melanin increase the risk of skin cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin cancers and characteristics of these detected skin cancers (histological types, localization,) in PWA in 10 cities in Togo in 2019.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of medical records of PWA systematically examined during two mobile skin care clinics in 2019, as part of a programme for the prevention and management of skin cancers in these subjects. Results: During the study period, 280 (95.2%) of the 294 PWA consulted, had developed skin lesions. Of the 280 PWA, the pathological reports from the medical records of 33 patients (11.8%; (95%CI= [8.2-16.2]) had concluded to non-melanoma skin cancers. The mean age of these 33 patients was 38.6±15.2 years and the sex-ratio was 1. Their occupations were mainly resellers (21.2%), traders (15.2%) and farmers (12.2%). In the 33 patients, 54 cases of non-melanoma skin cancers were identified, with some patients having more than one tumor, and some of them having more than one (histologically confirmed) diagnosis. These 54 non-melanoma skin cancers were divided into 21 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 2 cases of Bowen’s disease and 31 cases of basal cell carcinomas. These non-melanoma skin cancers mainly occurred in the head and neck (33 cases; 61.1%), the upper limbs (15 cases; 27, 8%) and the trunk (4 cases; 7.4%).Conclusion: The results of this study show a high prevalence of skin cancers among PWAs in Togo in 2019, only non-melanoma skin cancers. In addition, they illustrate the role of ultraviolet rays with regard to the localization of skin cancers and the occupations of patients. Popularization and compliance with photo protection measures, systematic and regular examination of the skin of these PWAs will allow early detection and treatment of these skin cancers.
Enhanced functional expression of the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene from Cupriavidus necator A-04 using a cold-shock promoter for efficient poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Boontip Thanawat , Waditee-Sirisattha Rungaroon , Honda Kohsuke , NAPATHORN Suchada Chanprateep 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study attempted to increase polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by improving the functional expression of the PhaC gene using various types of promoters, and the effects on PhaC activity in terms of PHB productivity, yield coefficient (YP/S) and molecular weights were investigated.Results: Here, the PHB biosynthesis operon of Cupriavidus necator A-04, isolated in Thailand with a high degree of 16S rRNA sequence similarity with C. necator H16, was subcloned into pGEX-6P-1, pColdI, pColdTF, pBAD/Thio-TOPO and pUC19 (native promoter) and transformed into E. coli JM109. To alter the expression of phaCAB biosynthesis genes, we optimized parameters in flask experiments to obtain high expression of soluble PhaCA-04 protein with high YP/S and PHB productivity. pColdTF-phaCABA-04-expressing E. coli produced 2.5±0.1 g/L (90.6±4.3%) PHB in 24 h, similar to pColdI-phaCABA-04-expressing E. coli. The amounts of phaC protein and PHB produced from pColdTF-phaCABA-04 and pColdI-phaCABA-04 were significantly higher than those from other promoters. Cultivation in a 5-L fermenter led to PHB production of 7.9±0.7 g/L with 90.0±2.3% PHB content in the cell dry mass (CDM), a YP/S value of 0.38 g PHB/g glucose and a productivity of 0.43 g PHB/(L×h) using pColdTF-phaCABA-04. The PHB from pColdTF-phaCABA-04 had Mw 5.79×105 Da, Mn 1.86×105 Da and PDI 3.11 and the film exhibited high transparency, Young’s modulus and tensile strength, possibly due to the trigger factor (TF) chaperones. Interestingly, when pColdI-phaCABA-04-expressing E. coli was used to produce PHB from crude glycerol and compared with pUC19-nativeP-phaCABA-04-expressing E. coli, the amounts of PHB were similar, but Mw 1.1×106 Da, Mn 2.6×105 Da and PDI 4.1 were obtained from pUC19-nativeP-phaCABA-04-expressing E. coli, indicating that slow and low expression could prolong and maintain phaC polymerization activity.Conclusions: This is the first report to demonstrate that the cspA promoter in a cold-inducible vector can improve PhaCA-04 expression levels, and TF chaperones show obvious effects on enhancing PhaCA-04 solubility. The high level of PhaCA-04 resulted in a high PHB amount, but the chain termination reaction of PhaC polymerization occurred faster than that with the slowed and low expression of phaCA-04 by the native promoter pUC19, which resulted in a low amount of high-molecular-weight PHB produced from crude glycerol.
A cross-sectional investigation of sanitation and water services and related factors among residence of Negele town, Arsi zone, southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Dagaga Diriba Temesgen , Geleta Girma Deboch 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Access to at least a basic water supply service and improved sanitation contributes to human heath and socio-economic development of a country. This study was conducted to assess the sanitation and water services coverage and related factors among dwellers of Negele town, Arsi zone, southeast EthiopiaMethod Two Kebeles (administrative units) were randomly selected from each of the three zones of the town to collect data via questionnaires from randomly selected households (380), via interview from purposely selected key informants (40) and via personal observation employing a cross-sectional survey design from April-May 2018. Data were analyzed using microsoft Excel program and results were expressed using table as frequencie and percentages . Result Latrine coverage of the town was low (45%) mainly due to shortage of land or fund and expansion of building illegal houses. Among the available latrines, 75% were closer than the recommended distance (6m) to kitchens, 52.3% lacked roofs, 53% lacked doors, and 100% lacked hole cover (sheet of metal or wood which are commonly advised to be put on the small hole of the latrines) and water to clean. Latrine lacking households defecate at various sites of the environment with problems on environmental sanitation, personal safety and health. Similarly, water service coverage was very low (7.6%) as a result of deficient water sources and non-functioning pipe lines forcing the people to use unprotected water sources or expend much time in fetching water from others’ private taps. The administration of the town had planned to build four public toilets and raise its water supply coverage to about 70% by 2018/2019.Conclusion Latrine and water service coverage of Negele town was so low implying it is not on a track to achieve the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal target 6.1 and 6.2. This may intiate the admistration of the town to provide land, arrange loan or search for aids for the construction of standardized private and public toilets. Searching additional water sources like underground water and maintaining non-functional and/or constructing new pipe lines may also be promoted to improve the water service coverage of the town. The plan of the administration of the town should include long term plan, be public participatory and target the UN sustainable development goals.
Synergistic Effect of PD-L1 and HLA Class I On Prognosis of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Pei Renguang , Wang Guoxiang , Zhang Weixuan , Wang Sufen , Huang Xi , Zou Yinghua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Up-regulating the expression of PD-L1 and down-regulating the expression of HLA class I are the two main means of tumor-induced immune tolerance. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there is synergistic effect of up-regulation of PD-L1 and down-regulation of HLA-I on prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A cohort of 185 consecutive HCC patients was included in this study. According to the expression of PD-L1 and HLA class I, patients were divided into three subgroups: group A was PD-L1 negative + HLA class I high expression, group B was PD-L1 positive + HLA class I high expression or PD-L1 negative + HLA class I low expression, group C was PD-L1 positive + HLA class I low expression. Results: PD-L1 positive was significantly associated with cirrhosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (P = 0.026; P= 0.000, respectively). Neither of PD-L1 positive and HLA class I low expression was significantly associated with shorter survival patients (P = 0.116; P = 0.171, respectively). The overall survival time of group C was significantly lower than that of group A and group B (31 months vs 58 months vs 49 months, P = 0.004), which was further confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis (group A/B vs group C, HR 3.652, 95%CI 1.627-8.200, P= 0.002). Conclusions: The synergistic effect of PD-L1 positive and HLA class I low expression could result into a significant reduction in survival of patients with HCC, providing theoretical support for the combination of immunotherapy in future.
Insulin Increases The Central-To-Peripheral Arterial Stiffness Gradient in Response To Hyperglycemia in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Four-Way Crossover Study
Authors: Horton William B , Jahn Linda A , Hartline Lee M , Aylor Kevin W , Barrett Eugene J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing arterial stiffness is a physiological feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Emerging evidence demonstrates that reversal of the normal central-to-peripheral arterial stiffness gradient predicts adverse cardiovascular consequences, including target organ damage. Preferential stiffening of central over peripheral arteries has been reported in type 2 diabetes, though mechanisms for this remain unclear.Methods: We tested the effect of acutely increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on central arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) and peripheral arterial stiffness (radial artery augmentation index) in a randomized, four-way, crossover study of 19 healthy young adults. We also measured myocardial oxygen supply-demand (subendocardial viability ratio) and hemodynamic function. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.4 m/s; p=0.02) but not with euglycemia, hyperglycemia, or euglycemic-hyperinsulinemia. There were no significant changes in radial artery augmentation index within any protocol (all p>0.05), though this value trended lower with hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (opposite of the observed effect on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity). No changes were observed in subendocardial viability ratio within any protocol. Heart rate significantly increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+3.62 bpm; p=0.02). There was a significant inverse correlation between peripheral and arterial stiffness during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia. Conclusions: We conclude that combined hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia acutely increases aortic stiffness, diminishes the normal central-to-peripheral arterial stiffness gradient, and increases heart rate in healthy humans. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569; registered 9 May 2018).Clinical Trial Information: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03520569 (registered 9 May 2018).
Correlations of PD-1/PD-L1 Gene Polymorphisms With Susceptibility and Prognosis in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Iranian Population
Authors: Hoseini Hosnie , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Bahari Gholamreza , Aminzadeh Saeed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background, Programed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) activity have already detected in various cancers. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), however, the prognostic value of PD-1/PD-L1 genes polymorphisms and expression levels remains unclear. In the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of PD-1/PD-L1 genes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Iranian papulation. Methods, four single nucleotide polymorphisms of the PD-1/PD-L1 genes, including 134 NHL patients and 125 healthy controls were examined using PCR-RFLP method. The expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 genes were analyzed using real time PCR method.Results, our data demonstrated that the PD-L1 rs2890685 (A>C) SNP (p<0.0001) significantly was associated with increased risk of NHL. The AA genotype of PD-L1 rs2890685 polymorphism was found to be more prevalent in NHL patents compared to healthy controls. No significant association were found between PD-L1 rs4143815, PD-1 rs11568821, PD-1rs2227981 SNPs and the risk of NHL incidence. Furthermore, our data showed that the mRNA transcription levels of both PD-1 and PD-L1 were significantly higher than normal healthy controls (p<0.001).Conclusion, Collectively, our finding demonstrated that the functional PD-L1 rs2890685 polymorphism was associated with NHL risk, suggesting that genetic variant of PD-L1 might be a possible prognosis marker for prediction of NHL risk and its development.
TGM2 Has Potential to Be A Prognostic Factor for Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and an Indicator of Immune Infiltrates
Authors: Chen Binglin , Liu Wenqi , Liang Chunxiao , Lan Feifeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: TGM2 is a functionally diverse molecule that has multiple roles in mediating signal transduction and inflammation. However, the prognostic value of TGM2 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains elusive. Methods: Datasets of LUSC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to analyze the expression of TGM2 in LUSC. Then, Univariable survival and Multivariate Cox analysis was used to analyze the survival effect of several clinical characteristics. The influence of TGM2 on survival of LUSC patients was evaluated by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The relationship between TGM2 and tumor-infiltrated immune cells was analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER).Results: TGM2 expression was remarkably lower in LUSC tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues. Low TGM2 expression was correlated with better OS in LUSC. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that high TGM2 expression was an independent risk factor for OS.TGM2 expression was significantly positively associated with infiltrating levels of macrophages, meanwhile was strongly correlated with various markers of immune cells, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T-regulatory cells (Tregs).Conclusions: TGM2 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in LUSC.