bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic differences in the pharmacologic response to cholecystokinin and amyl nitrite in patients with absent contractility vs type I Achalasia
Authors: Babaei Arash , Shad Sadaf , Massey Benson T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbsent esophageal contractility (AC) is distinguished from type 1 achalasia (ACH1) during high‐resolution manometry (HRM) on the basis of normal or elevated deglutitive integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) values. However, IRP measurements are subject to pressure recording error. We hypothesized that distinctive responses to pharmacologic provocation using amyl nitrite (AN) and cholecystokinin (CCK) could reliably distinguish AC patients from those with ACH1.AimTo compare esophageal response with AN and CCK in a well‐defined cohort of ACH1 and AC patients.MethodAll available clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, and manometric information in 34 patients with aperistalsis was reviewed to determine the final diagnosis of ACH1 and AC. The differences in response to provocative challenges with the rapid drink challenge (RDC) test and administration of AN and CCK were compared between these two groups.ResultsEighteen patients were diagnosed with ACH1 and sixteen with AC. While IRP values were significantly higher in ACH1, the standard criterion value misclassified four AC patients as having ACH1 and five ACH1 patients as having AC. IRP values on the RDC did not accurately segregate AC from ACH1, but we were able to identify AN and CCK esophageal motor response criteria that allowed correct classification of ACH1 and AC patients.ConclusionsNearly a quarter of AC and ACH1 patients may be misdiagnosed based on manometric IRP criteria alone. Differences in the esophageal motor responses to AN and CCK have the potential to facilitate the correct diagnosis in these challenging patients.
Cervical Abnormalities in Severe Spinal Deformity: A 10‐year MRI Review
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Ying‐song , Xie Jing‐ming , Zhao Zhi , Li Tao , Bi Ni , Shi Zhi‐yue , Chen Liu‐yuan , Li Wen‐hua , Deng Huai‐li , Lu Yu 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of cervical anomalies (CA), including cervical intraspinal neural axis abnormalities (CIINAA) and/or cervical osseous abnormalities (COA), and the clinical relevance in severe spinal deformities (SSD) at a single center.MethodsA retrospective study of SSD admitted for spinal surgery from January 2003 to January 2015 was conducted at a single center. Inclusion criteria: patients who present with coronal Cobb over 90° (and/or sagittal cobb ≥90°); and patients with complete imaging and clinical data preoperatively. Exclusion criteria: ankylosing spondylitis, adult onset scoliosis, scoliosis secondary to bone destruction. There were 108 SSD patients who fulfilled the criteria in this research (41 males and 67 females). The mean age of the patients was 18.1 ± 2.7 years (range, 10–45 years). The clinical and radiological data of these patients were reviewed to identify CA and to analyze the relationship between clinical and radiographic characteristics in the population of SSD.ResultsThe major curves of scoliosis and segmental kyphosis were 109.1° ± 24.7° and 91.2° ± 29.1°. Cervical abnormalities were detected in 56 patients (51.85%) with 9 different CA, including 28 patients (25.9%) with 6 different COA, 21 patients (19.4%) with 3 different CIINAA, and 7 patients (6.5%) with a combination of COA and cervical intraspinal neural axis abnormalities (CINAA). Basilar invagination and Klippel–Feil syndrome were the most frequent COA. Syringomyelia was the most frequent CINAA. SSD with COA in upper vertebral levels (UVL) had a higher incidence of CINAA than those in subaxial vertebral levels (SVL) (P = 0.024) and SSD with multiple COA (mCOA) in UVL had a higher incidence of CINAA than those with single COA (sCOA) (P = 0.029). In the present study, 83.9% of the SSD with CA were asymptomatic.ConclusionThe incidence of CA in SSD was 51.85%, with most presenting with intact neurologic status. As the diversity of COA increased, we found a higher incidence of CINAA, especially in UVL.
“Figure‐of‐Eight” Suture‐Button Technique for Fixation of Displaced Anterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fracture
Authors: Kuang Shi‐da , Su Chao , Zhao Xin , Li Yu‐sheng , Xiong Yi‐lin , Gao Shu‐guang 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical results of the “figure‐of‐eight” suture‐button technique in the arthroscopic treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fractures.MethodsThis was a retrospective study reviewing data from September 2013 to June 2019. A total of 27 patients (13 males and 14 females) who underwent arthroscopic “figure‐of‐eight” suture‐button fixation for displaced ACL avulsion fractures were analyzed. The mean age of the patients in the sample was 15.8 years (10–29 years), with a mean follow‐up of 24 months (6–48 months). According to Meyers–McKeever classification, 11 patients were classified as type III and 16 as type IV. All patients were evaluated following the guidelines of the radiological union, the Lysholm knee scoring scale, and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC).ResultsFractures were united within 3 months after surgery in all 27 cases. During the last follow‐up, all the anterior drawer and Lachman tests were negative, except in 1 patient whose anterior drawer test was 1° positive. The range of motion was improved from 72.22° ± 27.92° before surgery to 137.78° ± 7.38° at the last follow‐up (P < 0.05); the Lysholm score was improved from 45.81 ± 10.94 before surgery to 93.04 ± 5.66 at the last follow‐up (P < 0.05); and the IKDC score was increased from 43.89 ± 11.16 before surgery to 90.26 ± 5.86 at the last follow‐up (P < 0.05). In 1 patient, an inflammatory reaction was observed at the medial incision of the tibial tubercle; the symptoms disappeared with administration of antibiotics for 1 week. All patients returned to their preinjury physical activities at the last follow‐up.ConclusionThe “figure‐of‐eight” suture‐button technique achieves a satisfactory clinical outcome and provides an effective method for the treatment of displaced ACL avulsion fractures.
Treatment of young patients with pilonidal sinus disease with the original (unmodified) Limberg flap standardized for the first time
Authors: Gezer Hasan Özkan , Ezer Semire Serin , İnce Emine , Temiz Abdulkerim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is commonly seen in young adults but may also affect adolescents. Our goal was to present results from operated patients, with a focus on the original Limberg flap, which we standardized for the first time.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of 60 teenage patients who underwent surgery in a single pediatric surgery center over approximately 15 years.ResultsOf the 60 patients, 33 (55%) were male and the mean age was 14.20 ± 1.31 (9–17) years. After pilonidal sinus excision, primary repair and Limberg flap were performed in 45 (75%) and 15 (25%) patients respectively. There were no complications in the patients who underwent the Limberg flap technique, whereas 49% of the patients who underwent primary repair exhibited complications. The mean follow‐up was 6.7 ± 4.8 years.ConclusionWe standardized the Limberg flap for the first time in children with measurements and consider that it meets expectations: it is not difficult to perform, it has low complication and recurrence rates, it requires an acceptable period to return to normal activities, and gives satisfactory cosmetic results. We did not identify any complications in patients treated with the Limberg flap excision and post‐operative epilation. We consider that findings achieved by the treatment of original, standardized Limberg flap excision is comparable with all of the treatment methods reported in the literature related with children.
Street‐Level Bureaucrats’ Social Value OrientationOn and OffDuty
Authors: Cohen Nissim , Hertz Uri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAre street‐level bureaucrats more willing to sacrifice their own self‐interests to meet the needs of their clients when they are off duty or on duty? If the former is the case, what does that finding tell us about their work environment? Using the social value orientation paradigm in a mixed effects experimental design, the authors found that Israeli police officers demonstrated greater pro‐social inclinations off duty compared with on duty. Given these findings, the authors suggest the possibility that the organization's constraints and culture may, paradoxically, reduce street‐level bureaucrats’ real social value orientations and increase the promotion of their own self‐interests when they are on duty.Evidence for PracticeUsing an experiment, we found that police officers demonstrated more willingness to sacrifice their own interests to promote citizens’ needs when they were off duty than when they were on duty.We also found that the more years on the force police officers had, the less they demonstrated this pro‐social orientation.Our findings imply that, paradoxically, the organizational environment reduces police officers’ social value orientation when they are on duty.We discuss the possibility that managers’ imposition of extensive external rules and incentives may crowd out their subordinates’ internal pro‐social tendencies.
Relationship of participation in specific sports to academic performance in adolescents: A 2‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Ishihara Toru , Nakajima Toshihiro , Yamatsu Koji , Okita Koichi , Sagawa Masato , Morita Noriteru 
Published: April 2020

Physical activity is considered a promising behavior to improve cognitive function and academic performance in adolescents. As evidence on the relationship of specific sports activity is not conclusive, this study aimed to determine the longitudinal relationships of different sports to academic performance in adolescents and evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness mediation effect of these sports. We focused on the demands of complex motor skills and the differences between individual sports vs team sports. Four hundred and sixty‐three 7th‐grade students (227 girls and 236 boys) were followed up over 2 years. Data regarding participation in sports activities, types of sports activities, academic performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness were obtained at baseline and after a 2‐year follow‐up. Structural equation modeling revealed that participation in all sports activity was positively associated with improvement of academic performance from baseline to follow‐up, and that these associations were mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness gains. Participation in sports activities that require more complex motor skills and individual sports activity was directly associated with an improvement of academic performance from baseline to follow‐up. Furthermore, quitting sports activities was negatively associated with academic performance via a reversal in cardiorespiratory fitness gains. These findings indicate that participation in specific sports may have significant benefits for academic performance in adolescents. Although these relationships are presumably mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness, sports activities that require more complex motor skills and individual sports participation may be directly related to academic performance. Considering that quitting sports activities reversed these benefits, sustained participation in sports is important for academic success.
The role of individual differences in understanding and enhancing intergroup contact
Authors: Turner Rhiannon N. , Hodson Gordon , Dhont Kristof 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn a world characterized by divisive rhetoric, heightened xenophobia, and other forms of prejudice, it is increasingly important to find effective ways of promoting functional intergroup relations. Research on the relationship between intergroup contact and individual differences substantially contributes to achieving this goal. We review research considering the role played by individual differences in moderating the relationship between contact and prejudice and predicting contact, but also as an outcome of contact. We then outline potential directions for future research, including identifying underlying mechanisms, examining the role of context at an intergroup and societal level, and considering how positive–negative contact asymmetry may be influenced by individual differences. We then call for a broader range of individual difference and contact outcomes to be explored and encourage utilization of new methodological advances in the study of intergroup contact.
Out of the wilderness? The coming back of the debate on minimum income in Spain and the Great Recession
Authors: Aguilar‐Hendrickson Manuel , Arriba González de Durana Ana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSouthern European welfare states have developed relatively solid social insurance income maintenance programs, but have lacked effective means‐tested benefit systems to address poverty and protect outsiders. Spain and Portugal are usually considered the two first countries to depart from the traditional path with the creation of minimum income schemes between 1988 and 1995. In the Spanish case, minimum income programs were established at the regional level and are very heterogeneous despite their institutional stability. The limited extent of these programs in most Spanish regions must be put in the context of national means‐tested income support schemes in the fields of pensions and unemployment. The introduction of these programs in the 1980s was also a significant path departure. The combination of these programs has offered some income support to low income groups left unprotected by traditional insurance benefits, although in a patchy and limited way, especially as regards the working‐age population. The social effects of the Great Recession, especially in terms of long‐term unemployment, evictions and impoverishment, have reopened the debate on how to combat monetary poverty, which has been on the general election agenda since 2014–2015. Most regions have reformed their programs in different directions since 2008, under the contradictory pressures of growing demand and financial constraints. Such debate, however, has not been able yet to set a clear basis for a new development of anti‐poverty income support policy.
Canine tonsillar neoplasia and tonsillar metastasis from various primary neoplasms
Authors: Mickelson Megan A. , Regan Daniel , Randall Elissa K. , Worley Deanna , Seguin Bernard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTonsillar metastasis from distant primary tumours has not been described in dogs, and reports are rare in humans. The aims of this study were to determine whether tumour metastasis occurs to the canine palatine tonsils and evaluate whether afferent lymphatics drain to the palatine tonsils via skull indirect computed tomography lymphangiography (ICTL). Retrospective review of the diagnostic laboratory tonsillar histopathology submissions was performed. ICTL studies (n = 53) were retrospectively reviewed by a single radiologist. Of 882 total tonsil histopathology samples, 492 (56%) were considered neoplastic, with 8% of them benign. Of the primary malignant neoplasms of the tonsil, squamous cell carcinoma (55%), lymphoma (17%) and melanoma (12%) were most common. Tonsillar metastasis was confirmed in 41 cases; histopathologic evaluation revealed melanoma (25), carcinoma (10), hemangiosarcoma (2) and one each of fibrosarcoma, malignant histiocytosis, basal cell tumour and undifferentiated sarcoma. A total of 53 tonsillar melanoma cases were identified, of which 25 represented metastasis from a known distant primary tumour and 28 were solely tonsillar, with 9 of these cases having concurrent lymph node metastasis. No ICTL cases had lymphatic contrast drainage to the palatine tonsil. The palatine tonsil is an important site of metastasis for a variety of primary tumour types from many locations. ICTL did not reveal lymphatics draining to the palatine tonsil, which is highly supportive of hematogenous route of metastasis to the tonsil. Tonsillar metastasis may be more common than previously thought. It is recommended to perform a thorough oral examination, including the tonsils, for all oral tumours and melanoma cases.
Leptospiral antibody prevalence and surgical treatment outcome in horses with Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU) in Switzerland
Authors: Voelter Katrin , Vial Zoe , Pot Simon A. , Spiess Bernhard M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate leptospiral antibody prevalence in 65 horses with ERU and compare outcome in 36 surgically treated eyes (2010‐2015).ProceduresRetrospective data analysis of horses with ERU (n = 65).C‐value calculation with microagglutination assay titer (MAT) results forLeptospiraspp. Evaluation of follow‐up data after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV, n = 21 eyes) and suprachoroidal cyclosporine device implantation (SCDI, n = 15 eyes). Differences between groups were statistically analyzed using Fishers exact test, significance set atP < .05.ResultsPositive leptospiral titers were found in 28/65 blood, 31/65 aqueous humor (AH), and 19/20 vitreal (post‐PPV) samples. The most common intraocular serovars wereLeptospira interrogansgrippotyphosa,pomona, and bratislava. Intraocular antibody production was suspected in samples of 22 horses (c‐values > 1). Mean follow‐up of surgical cases was 3.8 years (PPV) and 3.4 years (SCDI). PPV was performed in 21 eyes with positive, SCDI in 15 eyes with negative leptospiral test results. Uveitis recurred less often after PPV (2/21) compared to SCDI (6/15,P = .04). Retinal detachment occurred after PPV only (5/21, SCDI 0/15,P = .06), whereas only SCDI‐treated eyes were enucleated (PPV 0/21, SCDI 3/15,P = .06). Blindness or visual impairment was equally likely to occur in both treatment groups after surgery (PPV 7/21, SCDI 7/15,P = .5).ConclusionsLeptospiral antibody prevalence is high in horses with ERU in Switzerland. Recurrence of uveitis is uncommon following PPV in the present study; an increased risk of retinal detachment exists. Enucleation is more often warranted in horses after SCDI in this study due to a higher uveitis recurrence.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Accuracy of Perceived Physical Competence in Middle Childhood
Authors: Field Stephanie , Crane Jeff , Naylor Patti-Jean , Temple Viviene 
Published: April 2020

Children who underestimate their physical abilities have lower motivation, higher anxiety, and lack of understanding as to why they may be succeeding or struggling in sports settings, which can result in withdrawal from physical activities. Theoretically, middle childhood is a time when perceptions of physical competence (PPC) become more accurate as children develop the cognitive capacity to interpret new sources of feedback and develop a realistic sense of their physical abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which accuracy of PPC changed from grade 2 to grade 4. Participants were 238 boys and girls (Mage = 7.8 yrs) from eight participating elementary schools in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition was used to assess motor skills. PPC were assessed using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (for grade 2) and the Self-Perception Profile for Children (for grades 3 and 4). Results revealed that participants who underestimated or overestimated their physical competence in grade 2 saw an improvement in accuracy, and, by grade 4, had similar accuracy scores to their peers who were considered ‘accurate’ estimators. These results reinforce theory that suggests PPC become more accurate in middle childhood.
Cocurricular Service-Learning Through a Camp for Athletes With Visual Impairments
Authors: Wilson Wesley J. , Haegele Justin A. , Holland Steven K. , Richards K. Andrew R. 
Published: April 2020

Service-learning (SL) has become popular as part of the formal curriculum and as cocurricular experiences for college students. Some SL programs serve individuals with disabilities, but their influence on college volunteers is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences and perspectives of preprofessional college students who volunteered at a cocurricular, SL-based sports camp for youth with visual impairments. Participants included nine (five males and four females) preservice professionals who taught youth with visual impairments during the week-long sports camp. Data were collected using semistructured and conversational interviews, reflective journaling, and participatory observations. Four themes were constructed: (a) camp experience elicited a strong emotional response, (b) fostering professional growth and development, (c) doing too much and expecting too little, and (d) developing close bonds with the athletes. This study highlights the benefits of developing cocurricular SL programs for college students across a variety of fields.
The Cognitive Component of Elite High Jumpers’ Preperformance Routines
Authors: Gretton Thomas , Blom Lindsey , Hankemeier Dorice , Judge Lawrence 
Published: April 2020

Preperformance routines are microlevel performance processes utilized by athletes to facilitate the attainment of an optimal state and enhance the chance for successful performance. Despite continued examination of these routines, only a small proportion of research has been directed toward the cognitive component of these routines. This study explored the cognitive component of elite high jumpers’ preperformance routines, and specifically the consistency of the cognitive content (i.e., psychological skills and strategies). Data were acquired over an 8-week high-jump season and subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Results revealed the consistent implementation of the cognitive content (e.g., visualization) but an inconsistent design of this content (i.e., the content of the visualization). Furthermore, results underline the critical role of high-jump coaches and an athlete’s need to be adaptable and competent in utilizing various types of preperformance routine. This study offers valuable insight into the complexities and inconsistencies of the cognitive component of high jumpers’ preperformance routines.