bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between biomarkers and house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy in allergic asthma
Authors: Hoshino Makoto , Akitsu Kenta , Kubota Kengo , Ohtawa Junichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHouse dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials of patients with asthma. Airway inflammation is a characteristic of respiratory allergy, but its relationship to SLIT remains unclear.ObjectiveWe evaluate the association between clinical outcomes with pulmonary function and biomarkers in before and after HDM SLIT (UMIN Number 000022390).MethodsOne hundred twelve patients with asthma sensitized to HDM were randomized to add‐on 6 standardized quality (SQ)‐HDM SLIT to pharmacotherapy or pharmacotherapy alone for 48 weeks. At baseline and end of study, biomarkers, blood eosinophils, serum IgE, serum periostin, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and spirometry and clinical symptoms were measured. Association between biomarkers and an increase in FEV1 of 120 mL or greater were analysed.ResultsSublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) demonstrated a significant reduction of serum periostin (P < .001), FeNO (P < .01), and increase in HDM‐specific IgE (P < .05), FEV1 (P < .001) and improvement of clinical symptom scores, when compared to pharmacotherapy. The change in FEV1 correlated with the changes in serum periostin (r = .696, P < .001) and the changes in FeNO (r = .682, P < .001). The independent predictor of improvement in airflow limitation was changed in serum periostin (r2 = .753, P = .013) and FeNO (P = .038). Based on cut‐off values derived by receiver operating characteristic analysis (periostin 30.9 ng/mL, FeNO 28.0 ppb), patients were distinguished responders from non‐responders, but with no predictive value for blood eosinophils or total IgE. The proportion of patients with both high periostin and FeNO levels was significantly higher in responder than in non‐responder (P = .026).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAdding HDM SLIT to pharmacotherapy resulted in reduced serum periostin and FeNO, and improved pulmonary function. Serum periostin and FeNO may be useful biomarkers for prediction of SLIT.
Living standards and the life cycle: reconstructing household income and consumption in the early twentieth‐century Netherlands†
Authors: Boter Corinne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConventional methods of measuring historical household living standards are often criticized because of the omission of women's and children's wages and non‐wage income; the focus on urban centres; and the exclusion of life‐cycle changes in household composition, income, and consumption. This article presents a method that accounts for these issues and applies it to agricultural and textile households in the early‐twentieth century Netherlands. It uses total household income, as opposed to the husband's wage, as the enumerator for calculating alternative welfare ratios. The results show that welfare ratios were not only structurally higher than those based on the male‐breadwinner model, but also followed a different life‐cycle trajectory. Furthermore, household portfolios were diversified and depended on local labour market structures. Thus, the study concludes that analyses based on men's wages only reflect the rough outlines of how households functioned.
A multicenter study of transient global amnesia for the better detection of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities
Authors: Higashida K. , Okazaki S. , Todo K. , Sasaki T. , Ohara N. , Kohara N. , Yamamoto S. , Yamagami H. , Hashikawa K. , Yoshimoto T. , Ihara M. , Koga M. , Szabo K. , Mochizuki H. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeThe detection rate of diffusion‐weighted (DWI) hyperintense lesions varies widely in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). The aim was to examine the association of hyperintense lesions on DWI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with patient characteristics, precipitating factors, clinical presentation and MRI settings in patients with TGA.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective observational study, using the standardized diagnosis entry system of electronic health records of four tertiary medical centers in the Kansai district of Japan, TGA patients (n = 261) who underwent brain MRI within 28 days of onset were examined. When the onset time was unavailable, the discovery time was used.ResultsDiffusion‐weighted hyperintense lesions were observed in 79 patients (30%). There were no significant differences in age, sex, vascular risk factors, precipitating factors or clinical presentation between patients with and without DWI lesions. The detection rate increased linearly 24 h after onset and then reached a plateau of 60%–80% by 84 h. After 84 h, the detection rate decreased rapidly. In a multivariate logistic regression model, MRI examination 24–84 h after onset (odds ratio 7.00, 95% confidence interval 3.50–13.99) and a thin‐slice (≤3 mm) DWI sequence (odds ratio 7.59, 95% confidence interval 3.05–18.88) were independent predictors of DWI lesions.ConclusionsThis study suggests that DWI hyperintense lesions in TGA are not associated with patient characteristics and clinical presentation. Brain MRI examination 24–84 h after onset and thin‐slice DWI sequences enhance the detection of DWI lesions in TGA patients.
Advertising, investor attention, and stock prices: Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Mayer Erik J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractI test whether advertising affects stock prices through an investor attention channel. I use corporate sponsorships of college football bowl games as a natural experiment that provides variation in advertising exposure that is unrelated to firm fundamentals. Sponsoring firms' stocks experience large increases in investor attention, abnormally high turnover, and temporary price pressure that is related to bowl games' TV‐ratings and score differentials. Retail investors are net buyers of sponsors' stocks, whereas institutional investors initially remain neutral and then start selling, ultimately driving a reversal toward fundamental values. These findings shed light on who wins/loses when advertising attracts investor attention.
Plant carbon allocation drives turnover of old soil organic matter in permafrost tundra soils
Authors: Street Lorna E. , Garnett Mark H. , Subke Jens‐Arne , Baxter Robert , Dean Joshua F. , Wookey Philip A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbon cycle feedbacks from permafrost ecosystems are expected to accelerate global climate change. Shifts in vegetation productivity and composition in permafrost regions could influence soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover rates via rhizosphere (root zone) priming effects (RPEs), but these processes are not currently accounted for in model predictions. We use a radiocarbon (bomb‐14C) approach to test for RPEs in two Arctic tall shrubs, alder (Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC.) and birch (Betula glandulosa Michx.), and in ericaceous heath tundra vegetation. We compare surface CO2 efflux rates and 14C content between intact vegetation and plots in which below‐ground allocation of recent photosynthate was prevented by trenching and removal of above‐ground biomass. We show, for the first time, that recent photosynthate drives mineralization of older (>50 years old) SOC under birch shrubs and ericaceous heath tundra. By contrast, we find no evidence of RPEs in soils under alder. This is the first direct evidence from permafrost systems that vegetation influences SOC turnover through below‐ground C allocation. The vulnerability of SOC to decomposition in permafrost systems may therefore be directly linked to vegetation change, such that expansion of birch shrubs across the Arctic could increase decomposition of older SOC. Our results suggest that carbon cycle models that do not include RPEs risk underestimating the carbon cycle feedbacks associated with changing conditions in tundra regions.
Transporters HP0939, HP0497, and HP0471 participate in intrinsic multidrug resistance and biofilm formation in Helicobacter pylori by enhancing drug efflux
Authors: Cai Yuying , Wang Caixia , Chen Zhenghong , Xu Zhengzheng , Li Huanjie , Li Wenjuan , Sun Yundong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe multidrug resistance of Helicobacter pylori is becoming an increasingly serious issue. It is therefore necessary to study the mechanism of multidrug resistance of H pylori. We have previously identified that the HP0939, HP0497, and HP0471 transporters affect the efflux of drugs from H pylori. As efflux pumps participate in bacterial multidrug resistance and biofilm formation, we hypothesized that these transporters could be involved in the multidrug resistance and biofilm formation of H pylori.Materials and MethodsWe therefore constructed three knockout strains, Δhp0939, Δhp0497, and Δhp0471, and three high‐expression strains, Hp0939he, Hp0497he, and Hp0471he, using the wild‐type (WT) 26 695 strain of H pylori as the template. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of wild strains, knockout strains, and high‐expression strains to amoxicillin, metronidazole, and other antibiotics were measured. The efflux capacity of high‐expression strains and wild strains was compared by Hoechst 33 342 accumulation assay.ResultsDetermination of the MIC and MBC of the antibiotics revealed that the knockout strains were more sensitive to antibiotics, while the high‐expression strains were less sensitive to antibiotics, compared to the WT. The ability of the high‐expression strains to efflux drugs was significantly higher than that of the WT. We also induced H pylori to form biofilms, and observed that the knockout strains could barely form biofilms and were more sensitive to several antibiotics, compared to the WT. The mRNA expression of hp0939, hp0497, and hp0471 in the clinically sensitive and multidrug‐resistant strains was determined, and it was found that these genes were highly expressed in the multidrug‐resistant strains that were isolated from the clinics.ConclusionsIn this study, we found three transporters involved in intrinsic multidrug resistance of H pylori.
Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)—assessment with three different methodologies and correlation with Oncotype DX DCIS Score
Authors: Komforti Miglena , Badve Sunil S , Harmon Bryan , Lo Yungtai , Fineberg Susan 
Published: June 2020

AimsTumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are prognostic in invasive breast cancer; however, their prognostic significance in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has not been established. The Oncotype DX (ODX) Breast DCIS Score test is a genomic assay used to predict the local recurrence risk. The aims of this study were to quantify TILs in DCIS by the use of three methodologies, and correlate them with the ODX DCIS Score.Methods and resultsWe studied 97 DCIS cases, all with an ODX DCIS Score. Cases with a low ODX DCIS Score were considered as one group, and those with an intermediate/high ODX Score were considered together. TILs were quantified on haematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides. The methodologies used to quantify TILS included assessment of stromal TILs, assessment of touching TILs, and assessment of circumferential TILS. In cases with >5% stromal TILS, the percentage of stromal TILS was considered to be high. In cases with a mean number of more than five touching TILs per DCIS duct, TILs were considered to be present. The ODX DCIS Score was intermediate/high in 27 (28%) cases and low in 70 (72%) cases. There were >5% stromal TILs in 33 (34%) cases, and more than five touching TILs per DCIS duct in 15 (15%) cases; circumferential TILs were present in nine (9%) cases. In univariate analysis, a low ODX DCIS Score showed significant associations with absent touching TILS (P = 0.027), stromal TILs < 5% (P = 0.031), and absent circumferential TILs (P = 0.002). In logistic regression analysis adjusted for necrosis and nuclear grade, touching TILs and circumferential TILs showed significant associations with the ODX DCIS Score, whereas stromal TILs did not.ConclusionsOur results suggest that both the presence of TILs and the spatial arrangement of TILs or close proximity of TILs to DCIS, and TILs touching or encircling DCIS, may be predictive of recurrence.
An interdisciplinary and participatory methodology to improve user acceptability of root, tuber and banana varieties
Authors: Forsythe Lora , Tufan Hale , Bouniol Alexandre , Kleih Ulrich , Fliedel Geneviève 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBreeding programmes for root, tuber and banana (RTB) crops have traditionally considered consumer demand for quality characteristics as low priority against other considerations such as yield and disease resistance. This has contributed to low levels of adoption of new varieties and its potential benefits. To address these challenges, an interdisciplinary five‐step methodology was developed to identify demand for quality characteristics among diverse user groups along the food chain. The methodology includes an evidence review, consultations with key informants and rural communities, processing diagnosis with experienced processors and consumer testing in urban and rural areas. Quality characteristics are then prioritised into a Food Product Profile by user group to inform further work of biochemists and breeders in developing improved selection tools. This initiative presents a new basis to understand consumer preferences for RTB crops. The methodology is currently being applied in projects in sub‐Saharan Africa and is applicable globally.
Associations of parents' use of food as reward with children's eating behaviour and BMI in a population‐based cohort
Authors: Jansen Pauline W. , Derks Ivonne P. M. , Mou Yuchan , van Rijen Elisabeth H. M. , Gaillard Romy , Micali Nadia , Voortman Trudy , Hillegers Manon H. J. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundParents' use of food as reward has been linked to children's dietary intake, but the association with children's eating behaviour and overweight risk is less clear.ObjectivesTo examine the temporal association of using food as reward with eating behaviour, body mass index (BMI) and weight status of children.MethodsParticipants were 3642 children of the population‐based Generation R Study in the Netherlands (8.3% overweight/obese). Repeated assessments were collected at child ages 4 and 9 years, including measured anthropometrics and parent reports on feeding practises and eating behaviour.ResultsLinear regressions and cross‐lagged models indicated that parents' use of food as reward at child age 4 years predicted Emotional Overeating and Picky Eating at age 9 years. Reversely, higher Emotional Overeating and Food Responsiveness scores were associated with more use of food as reward over time. Using food as reward was not associated with children's satiety response, BMI or overweight risk.ConclusionsA vicious cycle may appear in which children who display food approach behaviour are rewarded with food by their parents, which in turn might contribute to the development of unhealthy eating habits (emotional eating, fussiness). These findings warrant further research, to facilitate evidence‐based recommendations for parents.
Blood pressure and heart rate related to sex in untreated subjects: the India ABPM study
Authors: Kaul Upendra , Bhagwat Ajit , Omboni Stefano , Pancholia Arvind K. , Hardas Suhas , Bardoloi Neil , Davidson Deepak , Sivakadaksham Peruvamba R. , Mohan Jagdish C. , Vaidyanathan Peruvamba R. , Natarajan Subramaniam , Kapardhi Lakshnmi N. P. , Reddy Karumuri S. , Solanki Dharmesh , Makkar Jitendra S. , Viswanathan M , Arambam Priyadarshini , Suvarna Viraj , Verberk Willem J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWomen are underrepresented in groups of patients seeking hypertension care in India. The present paper reports trends in office and ambulatory blood pressure measurement (OBPM, ABPM) and 24‐h heart rate (HR) with sex in 14,977 subjects untreated for hypertension (aged 47.3 ± 13.9 years, males 69.4%) visiting primary care physicians. Results showed that, for systolic blood pressure (SBP), females had lower daytime ABPM (131 ± 16 vs. 133 ± 14 mm Hg, P < .001) but higher nighttime ABPM (122 ± 18 vs. 121 ± 16 mm Hg, P < .001) than males. Females had higher HR than men at daytime (80 ± 11 vs 79 ± 11.5 bpm) and nighttime (71 ± 11 vs 69 ± 11), respectively (all P < .001). Dipping percentages for SBP (7.4 ± 7.3 vs 9.3 ± 7.4%), DBP (10.1 ± 8.6 vs. 12.3 ± 8.9%), and HR (10.7 ± 7.9 vs. 12.8 ± 9.2%) were lower (P < .001) for females than for males, respectively. Females more often had isolated nighttime hypertension as compared to males (14.9%, n = 684% vs 10.6%, n = 1105; P < .001). BP patterns and HR showed clear differences in sex, particularly at nighttime. As females were more often affected by non‐dipping and elevated nighttime SBP and HR than males, they should receive ABPM, at least, as frequently as men to document higher risk necessitating treatment.
Patterns of genomic divergence and introgression between Japanese stickleback species with overlapping breeding habitats
Authors: Ravinet Mark , Kume Manabu , Ishikawa Asano , Kitano Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith only a few absolute geographic barriers in marine environments, the factors maintaining reproductive isolation among marine organisms remain elusive. However, spatial structuring in breeding habitat can contribute to reproductive isolation. This is particularly important for marine organisms that migrate to use fresh‐ or brackish water environments to breed. The JapaneseGasterosteusstickleback species, the Pacific Ocean three‐spined stickleback (G. aculeatus) and the Japan Sea stickleback (G. nipponicus) overwinter in the sea, but migrate to rivers for spawning. Although they co‐occur at several locations across the Japanese islands, they are reproductively isolated. Our previous studies in Bekanbeushi River showed that the Japan Sea stickleback spawns in the estuary, while the Pacific Ocean stickleback mainly spawns further upstream in freshwater. Overall genomic divergence was very high with many interspersed regions of introgression. Here, we investigated genomic divergence and introgression between the sympatric species in the much shorter Tokotan River, where they share spawning sites. The levels of genome‐wide divergence were reduced and introgression was increased, suggesting that habitat isolation substantially contributes to a reduction in gene flow. We also found that genomic regions of introgression were largely shared between the two systems. Furthermore, some regions of introgression were located near loci with a heterozygote advantage for juvenile survival. Taken together, introgression may be partially driven by adaptation in this system. Although, the two species remain clearly genetically differentiated. Regions with low recombination rates showed especially low introgression. Speciation reversal is therefore likely prevented by barriers other than habitat isolation.
Combination treatment with 150 W bipolar radiofrequency, infrared light, and ultrasound‐induced lipolysis for thigh circumference reduction
Authors: Kesty Katarina , Goldberg David J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA growing patient demand for a favorable body shape has led to the development of many new treatment modalities. Noninvasive devices were developed to improve body contour without physical intervention or scarring and with reduced downtime compared to surgical options such as liposuction.AimsThis study examines combining radiofrequency, infrared light, and ultrasound‐induced lipolysis for fat reduction and body contouring.Patients/MethodsTen female subjects underwent a combination treatment with 150 W bipolar radiofrequency, infrared light, and ultrasound‐induced lipolysis with two devices. A total of three treatments were done every 2 weeks. Data including weight, thigh circumference, patient comfort during the procedure, and fat thickness by skin caliper were collected at each visit. After the series of treatments, subjects and investigators reported satisfaction at 4‐, 8‐, and 12‐week follow‐up visits.ResultsAt the 12‐week follow‐up visit, the average change in thigh circumference from baseline was −2.77 cm. The average change in fat thickness at the same time period was −0.14 cm. Self‐reported scores of discomfort were low with most subjects reporting no pain to mild discomfort during the study. Treatments were well tolerated with mild erythema reports in 65% of treatments and mild heat in 17% of treatments. 78% of subjects and investigators reported being “very satisfied” at the 12‐week follow‐up visit, and 100% of participants reported that they would recommend this treatment.ConclusionCombination treatment with 150 W radiofrequency, infrared light, and ultrasound‐induced lipolysis is an effective method for reducing thigh circumference and noninvasive body contouring.
A Review of the Applications of Additive Manufacturing Technologies Used to Fabricate Metals in Implant Dentistry
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Sadeghpour Mehrad , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo review the primary additive manufacturing (AM) technologies used to fabricate metals in implant dentistry and compare them to conventional casting and subtractive methods.MethodsThe literature on metal AM technologies was reviewed, and the AM procedures and their current applications in implant dentistry were collated and described. Collection of published articles about metal AM in dental field data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Web of Science searched. All studies related to AM technology description, analysis, and evaluation of applications in implant dentistry, including AM titanium (Ti) dental implants, customized Ti mesh for bone grafting techniques, cobalt‐chromium (Co‐Cr) frameworks for implant impression procedures, and Co‐Cr and Ti frameworks for dental implant‐supported prostheses were reviewed.ResultsLiterature has demonstrated the potential of AM technologies to fabricate dental implants, root‐analog implants, and functionally graded implants; as well as the ability to fabricate customized meshes for bone grafting procedures. Metal AM technologies provide a reliable method to manufacture frameworks for implant impression procedures. Co‐Cr and Ti AM frameworks for implant‐supported prostheses provide a clinically acceptable discrepancy at the implant‐prostheses interface.ConclusionsAdditional clinical studies are required to assess the long‐term clinical performance, biological and mechanical complications, and prosthetic restoration capabilities of additively manufactured dental implants. Moreover, further studies are needed to evaluate their long‐term success and survival rates and biological and mechanical complications of AM implant‐supported prostheses.