bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postexercise hypotension and related hemodynamic responses to cycling under heat stress in untrained men with elevated blood pressure
Authors: Cunha Felipe A. , Farinatti Paulo , Jones Helen , Midgley Adrian W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effect of heat stress on postexercise hypotension.

Methods
Seven untrained men, aged 21–33 years, performed two cycling bouts at 60% of oxygen uptake reserve expending 300 kcal in environmental temperatures of 21 °C (TEMP) and 35 °C (HOT) in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Physiological responses were monitored for 10-min before and 60-min after each exercise bout, and after a non-exercise control session (CON). Blood pressure (BP) also was measured during the subsequent 21-h recovery period.

Results
Compared to CON, systolic, and diastolic BPs were significantly reduced in HOT (Δ = − 8.3 ± 1.6 and − 9.7 ± 1.4 mmHg, P < 0.01) and TEMP (Δ = − 4.9 ± 2.1 and − 4.5 ± 0.9 mmHg, P < 0.05) during the first 60 min of postexercise recovery. Compared to TEMP, rectal temperature was 0.6 °C higher (P = 0.001), mean skin temperature was 1.8 °C higher (P = 0.013), and plasma volume (PV) was 2.6 percentage points lower (P = 0.005) in HOT. During the subsequent 21-h recovery period systolic BP was 4.2 mmHg lower in HOT compared to CON (P = 0.016) and 2.5 mmHg lower in HOT compared to TEMP (P = 0.039).

Conclusion
Exercise in the heat increases the hypotensive effects of exercise for at least 22 h in untrained men with elevated blood pressure. Our findings indicate that augmented core and skin temperatures and decreased PV are the main hemodynamic mechanisms underlying a reduction in BP after exercise performed under heat stress.
Improved survival in metastatic breast cancer: results from a 20-year study involving 1033 women treated at a single comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Welt Anja , Bogner Simon , Arendt Marina , Kossow Josef , Huffziger Antonia , Pohlkamp Christian , Steiniger Heike , Becker Ute , Alashkar Ferras , Kohl Marzena , Wiesweg Marcel , Richly Heike , Hense Jörg , Scheulen Max E. , Schuler Martin , Seeber Siegfried , Tewes Mitra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have changed profoundly over the past 25 years. The outcome improved dramatically and was well quantified for early stage breast cancer (EBC). However, progress in the treatment of metastatic disease has been less convincingly demonstrated. We have studied survival data of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) from a large academic cancer center over a period of 20 years.

Methods
Data from 1033 consecutive MBC patients who were treated at the Department of Medical Oncology of the West German Cancer Center from January 1990 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed for overall survival (OS) and risk factors. Patients were grouped in 5-year cohorts, and survival parameters of each cohort were compared before and after adjustment for risk factors.

Results
Overall survival of patients with MBC treated at specialized center has significantly improved from 1990 to 2010 (hazard ratio 0.7, 95%CI 0.58–0.84). The increments in OS have become less profound over time (median OS 1990–1994: 24.2 months, 1995–1999: 29.6 months, 2000–2004: 36.5 months, 2005–2009: 37.8 months).

Conclusion
Survival of patients with MBC has improved between 1990 and 2004, but less from 2005 to 2009. Either this suggests an unnoticed shift in the patient population, or a lesser impact of therapeutic innovations introduced in the most recent period.
Vom Warum zum Wozu
Authors: Bozzaro Claudia , Koesling Dominik , Frede Ursula 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Menschen haben das Bedürfnis, für die Vorkommnisse in ihrem Leben eine Erklärung zu finden. Dies gilt insbesondere in Bezug auf Widerfahrnisse, die die gesamte Existenz beeinträchtigen, das Selbstwert- und Identitätserleben gefährden. Der chronische Schmerz ist eine solche Erfahrung. Die Suche nach dem Warum der Schmerzen ist v. a. durch die Erwartung motiviert, dass auf die Ursachenfindung eine Ursachenbehebung in Form einer den Schmerz auflösenden Therapie folgen möge. Diese Erwartung, die an die Medizin gerichtet wird, ist oftmals berechtigt. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist es gelungen, grundlegende Mechanismen der Schmerzentstehung und -verarbeitung zu verstehen und auf diese einzuwirken. Trotz dieser Erfolge bleiben viele chronische Schmerzerfahrungen aber auch heute noch schwer erklärbar, vor allem schwer beherrschbar.

Ziel
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wollen die AutorInnen zeigen, dass es gerade bei chronisch schmerzkranken Menschen wichtig ist, eine Fixierung auf die Frage nach dem Warum zu vermeiden.

Methode
Zunächst wird beschrieben, auf welche Weise sich die Orientierung am Ursache-Wirkungs-Schema, bei aller prinzipiellen Berechtigung im medizinischen Kontext, auch negativ auswirken kann. Anschließend wird durch den Rückgriff auf zentrale Thesen des Existenzphilosophen Albert Camus die Bedeutung der Wozu-Perspektive aufgezeigt. An einem Fallbeispiel wird weiter veranschaulicht, wie dieser Perspektivwechsel im Rahmen einer therapeutischen Behandlung erfolgen kann.

Ergebnisse
Folgender Wechsel der Perspektive wird empfohlen: Die vergangenheitszentrierte Suche nach dem Warum sollte hinter die zukunftsorientierte Suche nach dem Wozu eines Weiterlebens mit chronischem Schmerz zurücktreten.
Effects of upscaling temporal resolution of groundwater flow and transport boundary conditions on the performance of nitrate-transport models at the regional management scale
Authors: Bastani Mehrdad , Harter Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractManaged aquifer recharge and changes in crop type or nutrient management on agricultural lands are promising approaches to address groundwater quality degradation by nitrate. Tools to assess nonpoint-source contaminant transport are needed to better understand the interaction between agricultural management practices and long-term nitrate dynamics in groundwater basins. This study investigates the impact of time-resolution upscaling of groundwater flow stresses (i.e., recharge, pumping, and evapotranspiration rates) on the long-term prediction of nitrate transport at the regional scale. A three-dimensional, monthly transient flow and nitrate-transport model using MODFLOW and MT3D is applied as the reference simulation. The reference model results are compared to temporally upscaled models with (1) upscaled annual-averaged flow and transport stresses and (2) steady-state flow stresses, across different management scenarios. Models with annual-averaged flow and nitrate-loading stresses were found to be the best alternative to the reference model. However, employing a steady-state flow field to parameterize transient transport models, using a time series of spatially variable annual total contaminant loading, provides a useful alternative to predict the trend and variability of nitrate-concentration breakthrough curves at wells across the regional scale and to differentiate the effects of various agricultural management scenarios, if the history of the source contaminant mass is known. The difference between concentrations resulting from steady-state-flow versus transient-flow models is less than 2 mgN/L for nearly 75% of shallow groundwater cells in the model. However, the steady-state-flow-model-based transport simulation does not capture short-term oscillations of nitrate concentrations in pumping wells at the local scale.
Misconceptions die hard: prevalence and reduction of wrong beliefs in topics from educational psychology among preservice teachers
Authors: Menz Cordelia , Spinath Birgit , Seifried Eva 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEndorsement of educational psychological misconceptions among preservice teachers can be a threat for reaching educational goals. Therefore, it is of societal interest whether preservice teachers hold educational psychological misconceptions and, if they do, whether these misconceptions can be reduced through confrontation with empirical evidence. Prevalence and refutability of misconceptions were analyzed among N = 937 German preservice teachers who participated in an online survey. Results indicated a high prevalence of educational psychological misconceptions but also the possibility of a reduction through refutation-style texts. However, only few preservice teachers shifted their opinions from (rather) endorsing a misconception to (rather) not endorsing it after reading the text. We conclude that educational psychological misconceptions are common among German preservice teachers and that merely presenting empirical evidence is insufficient to effectively counteract misconceptions. Future research should deepen the understanding of why and wherefrom these misconceptions occur and develop efficient interventions to counteract misconceptions among preservice teachers.
Tolerant mechanisms to O2 deficiency under submergence conditions in plants
Authors: Nakamura Motoka , Noguchi Ko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWetland plants can tolerate long-term strict hypoxia and anoxic conditions and the subsequent re-oxidative stress compared to terrestrial plants. During O2deficiency, both wetland and terrestrial plants use NAD(P)+and ATP that are produced during ethanol fermentation, sucrose degradation, and major amino acid metabolisms. The oxidation of NADH by non-phosphorylating pathways in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is common in both terrestrial and wetland plants. As the wetland plants enhance and combine these traits especially in their roots, they can survive under long-term hypoxic and anoxic stresses. Wetland plants show two contrasting strategies, low O2escape and low O2quiescence strategies (LOES and LOQS, respectively). Differences between two strategies are ascribed to the different signaling networks related to phytohormones. During O2deficiency, LOES-type plants show several unique traits such as shoot elongation, aerenchyma formation and leaf acclimation, whereas the LOQS-type plants cease their growth and save carbohydrate reserves. Many wetland plants utilize NH4+as the nitrogen (N) source without NH4+-dependent respiratory increase, leading to efficient respiratory O2consumption in roots. In contrast, some wetland plants with high O2supply system efficiently use NO3−from the soil where nitrification occurs. The differences in the N utilization strategies relate to the different systems of anaerobic ATP production, the NO2−-driven ATP production and fermentation. The different N utilization strategies are functionally related to the hypoxia or anoxia tolerance in the wetland plants.
A general-purpose distributed pattern mining system
Authors: Belhadi Asma , Djenouri Youcef , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Cano Alberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper explores five pattern mining problems and proposes a new distributed framework called DT-DPM: Decomposition Transaction for Distributed Pattern Mining. DT-DPM addresses the limitations of the existing pattern mining problems by reducing the enumeration search space. Thus, it derives the relevant patterns by studying the different correlation among the transactions. It first decomposes the set of transactions into several clusters of different sizes, and then explores heterogeneous architectures, including MapReduce, single CPU, and multi CPU, based on the densities of each subset of transactions. To evaluate the DT-DPM framework, extensive experiments were carried out by solving five pattern mining problems (FIM: Frequent Itemset Mining, WIM: Weighted Itemset Mining, UIM: Uncertain Itemset Mining, HUIM: High Utility Itemset Mining, and SPM: Sequential Pattern Mining). Experimental results reveal that by using DT-DPM, the scalability of the pattern mining algorithms was improved on large databases. Results also reveal that DT-DPM outperforms the baseline parallel pattern mining algorithms on big databases.
Boundary conditions and vacuum fluctuations in $${\mathrm {AdS}}_4$$
Authors: Barroso Vitor S. , Pitelli J. P. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInitial conditions given on a spacelike, static slice of a non-globally hyperbolic spacetime may not define the fates of classical and quantum fields uniquely. Such lack of global hyperbolicity is a well-known property of the anti-de Sitter solution and led many authors to question how is it possible to develop a quantum field theory on this spacetime. Wald and Ishibashi took a step towards the healing of that causal issue when considering the propagation of scalar fields on AdS. They proposed a systematic procedure to obtain a physically consistent dynamical evolution. Their prescription relies on determining the self-adjoint extensions of the spatial component of the differential wave operator. Such a requirement leads to the imposition of a specific set of boundary conditions at infinity. We employ their scheme in the particular case of the four-dimensional AdS spacetime and compute the expectation values of the field squared and the energy-momentum tensor, which will then bear the effects of those boundary conditions. We are not aware of any laws of nature constraining us to prescribe the same boundary conditions to all modes of the wave equation. Thus, we formulate a physical setup in which one of those modes satisfy a Robin boundary condition, while all others satisfy the Dirichlet condition. Due to our unusual settings, the resulting contributions to the fluctuations of the expectation values will not respect AdS invariance. As a consequence, a back-reaction procedure would yield a non-maximally symmetric spacetime. Furthermore, we verify the violation of weak energy condition as a direct consequence of our prescription for dynamics.
Take the Right Turn: The Role of Social Signals and Action–Reaction Sequences in Enacting Turning Points in Negotiations
Authors: Griessmair Michele , Gettinger Johannes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNegotiations and conflicts do not evolve smoothly but are discontinuous involving transitions, break-, and turning points that change the flow of the negotiation. Given that these departures may be decisive in determining whether the involved parties come to a successful conclusion, several scholars have pointed out the importance of investigating whether impasse and settlement dyads exhibit different turning point profiles. To address this question, we extended Druckman’s (J Confl Resolut 45:519–544, 2001) turning point model by integrating interlocking action–reaction sequences that initiate and (dis)confirm the departure from zero-sum bargaining. Furthermore, we consider social signals as previously not addressed class of events triggering the turning point. We propose and show that social signals act as precipitants to substantive change at the offer level and that how negotiators enact the action–reaction sequences discriminates between successful and unsuccessful dyads.
Simulation studies of the laser ablation ion source at the SHIPTRAP setup
Authors: Anđelić Brankica , Block Michael , Chhetri Premaditya , Even Julia , Giacoppo Francesca , Kalantar-Nayestanaki Nasser , Kaleja Oliver , Murböck Tobias , Schneider Fabian , Raeder Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA gas-filled miniature Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (mini-RFQ) was recently implemented into the SHIPTRAP laser ablation ion source to thermalize the laser-ablated ions and thus improve production efficiency as well as sample preparation. This source provides reference ions of various elements for online experiments with the SHIPTRAP mass spectrometer. In addition, it can be used to provide long-lived rare and radioactive isotopes available only in small sample sizes for high-precision mass measurements or to study systematic uncertainties. The performance of the laser ablation ion source was simulated using the COMSOL Multiphysics modeling software package. These studies indicate that a revised mechanical geometry and an optimized RF field improve the performance significantly.
Elementary school pupils’ co-inventions: products and pupils’ reflections on processes
Authors: Sinervo Stiina , Sormunen Kati , Kangas Kaiju , Hakkarainen Kai , Lavonen Jari , Juuti Kalle , Korhonen Tiina , Seitamaa-Hakkarainen Pirita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study focuses on examining elementary pupils’ (N = 42, 11–13 years old) reflections on collaborative design processes, team collaboration and their co-inventions. Digital and traditional fabrication technologies were used in a 2-year co-invention project containing approximately 16 sessions during year 1 and 11 sessions in year 2. Between the two project periods, the pupils were asked to write a structured essay about their co-invention and design process, and in year 2 they kept journal notes in each team’s design-folder. Each pupil’s structured essay was analyzed with qualitative content analysis that focused on three main aspects: (1) description of the co-invention, (2) progress of the co-invention process and (3) quality of collaboration. Based on the essay analysis, we constructed a “Co-invention Table” with five categories: user, conceptual design, technical design, appearance, and construction. The nature of the 13 pupil-teams’ co-inventions varied greatly, and these co-inventions were divided according to three main functions: (1) improving cleanliness, (2) providing reminders or (3) addressing well-being. The essays provided information on how creative ideas were generated and how critical thinking and evaluation of ideas were crucial in improving ideas for further development. The collaboration was dependent on everyone’s active and equal participation into work and the importance of an adequate division of the labor was highlighted.
Scaling of Early Social Cognitive Skills in Typically Developing Infants and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ellis Katherine , Lewington Philippa , Powis Laurie , Oliver Chris , Waite Jane , Heald Mary , Apperly Ian , Sandhu Priya , Crawford Hayley 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe delineate the sequence that typically developing infants pass tasks that assess different early social cognitive skills considered precursors to theory-of-mind abilities. We compared this normative sequence to performance on these tasks in a group of autistic (AUT) children. 86 infants were administered seven tasks assessing intention reading and shared intentionality (Study 1). Infants responses followed a consistent developmental sequence, forming a four-stage scale. These tasks were administered to 21 AUT children (Study 2), who passed tasks in the same sequence. However, performance on tasks that required following others’ eye gaze and cooperating with others was delayed. Findings indicate that earlier-developing skills provide a foundation for later-developing skills, and difficulties in acquiring some early social cognitive skills in AUT children.
Metrology part 2: Procedures for the validation of major measurement quality criteria and measuring instrument properties
Authors: Squara Pierre , Scheeren Thomas W. L. , Aya Hollmann D. , Bakker Jan , Cecconi Maurizio , Einav Sharon , Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , Monnet Xavier , Reuter Daniel A. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Saugel Bernd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA measurement is always afflicted with some degree of uncertainty. A correct understanding of the different types of uncertainty, their naming, and their definition is of crucial importance for an appropriate use of the measuring instruments. However, in perioperative and intensive care medicine, the metrological requirements for measuring instruments are poorly defined and often used spuriously. The correct use of metrological terms is also of crucial importance in validation studies. The European Union published a new directive on medical devices, mentioning that in the case of devices with a measuring function, the notified body is involved in all aspects relating to the conformity of the device with the metrological requirements. It is therefore the task of scientific societies to establish the standards in their area of expertise. After adopting the same understandings and definitions (part 1), the different procedures for the validation of major quality criteria of measuring devices must be consensually established. In this metrologic review (part 2), we review the terms and definitions of validation, some basic processes leading to the display of an indication from a physiologic signal, and procedures for the validation of measuring instrument properties, with specific focus on perioperative and intensive care medicine including appropriate examples.
Parametric Amplification at Ka Band via Nonlinear Dynamics in Superconducting 3D Cavities
Authors: Banys D. , McCulloch M. A. , Azzoni S. , Cooper B. , May A. J. , Melhuish S. J. , Piccirillo L. , Wenninger J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractModern parametric amplifiers are based on lithographically produced superconducting thin-film planar transmission line structures. These paramps rely on resonant structures with embedded nonlinear elements to stimulate intermodulation with a stronger pump tone that gives rise to signal gain when certain conditions are satisfied. Such paramps have not yet been realised in superconducting 3D waveguide resonators. Possible applications of these devices include detector systems that are based on 3D waveguide such as dark matter detectors and quantum computers. Reported here are the results of an investigation of a 30.64 GHz series circular waveguide resonance machined from bulk niobium showing parametric gain of up to 2 dB in the presence of a stronger pump tone 10 kHz above in frequency. The gain is largest on abrupt jumps of the transmission spectra of the resonance, which may be a result of weak-link formation on the superconducting surfaces.
Comparison of deconvoluted plasma DSC curves on patients with solid tumors
Authors: Lőrinczy Dénes , Ferencz Andrea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractToday, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has increasingly been an accepted method for diagnosing and monitoring different diseases. Moreover, as a highly sensitive technique it seems to be applicable in human cancer researches. Our workgroup in several previous researches has already demonstrated marked differences on DSC plasma profiles between healthy control and various tumorous patients and, in addition, at their different stages. The aim of this study was to compare deconvoluted plasma DSC curves on patients with solid tumors. Blood plasma DSC data were analyzed retrospectively from various patients, who has only local cancer diseases (malignant melanoma: n = 15, breast carcinoma: n = 10 and pancreas adenocarcinoma: n = 11) without any regional or distant metastases. The complex curves were deconvoluted in numerous individual transitions (five or seven melting points). In the examined patients with solid tumors, the thermodynamic parameters: heat flow and calorimetric enthalpy of the transitions corresponding to the most abundant plasma proteins, as well as the numbers of transitions were determined from the calorimetric profiles. Deconvoluted DSC curves from blood samples of patients showed differences and similarities at the same time in the thermal denaturation of plasma components in various carcinoma cases.
Linear and integrable nonlinear evolution of the qutrit
Authors: Kowalski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe nonlinear generalization of the von Neumann equation preserving convexity of the state space is studied in the nontrivial case of the qutrit. This equation can be cast into the integrable classical Riccati system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The solutions of such system are investigated in both the linear case corresponding to the standard von Neumann equation and the nonlinear one referring to the generalization of this equation. The analyzed dynamics of the qutrit is rich and includes quasiperiodic motion, multiple equilibria and limit cycles.