bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprensión de lectura de textos informativos de carácter científico en escolares
Authors: Bizama-Muñoz Marcela , Gatica-Ferrero Sergio , Aqueveque Cecilia , Arancibia-Gutiérrez Beatriz , Sáez-Carrillo Katia 
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito determinar la contribución de la inteligencia fluida y de funciones ejecutivas tales como la memoria de trabajo, el control inhibitorio y la fluidez verbal, a la comprensión de lectura de textos informativos de carácter científico en escolares. Asimismo, se analizó la contribución de la conciencia sintáctica, en tanto que habilidad metalingüística, a la comprensión de lectura de este tipo de estructura textual. Se utilizó un diseño transversal, exploratorio-descriptivo, de alcance correlacional. La muestra incluyó 175 escolares chilenos de ambos sexos, de 4° y 5º año de educación primaria de dos establecimientos educacionales. Se tomaron medidas de inteligencia fluida, memoria de trabajo, inhibición, fluidez verbal, conciencia sintáctica y comprensión de lectura de textos expositivos. Los resultados muestran relaciones estadísticamente significativas, pero débiles, entre inteligencia fluida, memoria de trabajo, inhibición y comprensión de lectura de textos informativos y relaciones significativas moderadas entre conciencia sintáctica y comprensión de lectura de este tipo de estructura textual.
The Effect of Patients' Acuity Level on Nurses Shift Assignment in Jordan: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Al-Dweik Ghadeer , Ahmad Muayyad 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundMatching nursing shift assignment to patients' acuity scores may promote a more equitable and effective workload balance, increasing nurses' satisfaction, and improving quality of care (QoC).PurposeThis article explores nurses' perspectives about the nursing assignment process after implementing a project to promote an improved nursing assignment process in medical/surgical wards by using Perroca patient acuity tool (PAT).DesignQualitative approach was used with two focus group discussions including a total of 13 participants, selected by purposive sampling.ResultsFour main themes were generated from the data. The main study themes were: assignment based on acuity score, challenges and limitation, change journey and participants' suggestions, and recommendations for improving the assignment process.ConclusionsImplementing the tool will yield better nursing assignments; better nursing and patient outcomes and improve QoC.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Nursing Education Research Questionnaire
Authors: Burrell Sherry A. , Ross Jennifer Gunberg , Heverly Mary Ann , Mariani Bette 
Published: March 2020

Background and PurposeWhile nursing students' attitudes about research are generally positive, little is known about their attitudes toward education research. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the newly developed Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Nursing Education Research Questionnaire (NSANERQ).MethodsThe 25-item NSANERQ was adapted from an existing tool measuring nursing students' attitudes toward nursing research. Content and construct validity, and internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated. Content validity was assessed using a panel of five experts. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity were assessed in a sample of 156 senior, junior, and sophomore baccalaureate nursing students with a mean age of 20.55 years. A separate sample of 49 freshmen baccalaureate nursing students with a mean age of 18.35 years was used to assess test–retest reliability. Both samples were predominantly female, White, and non-Hispanic/non-Latino.ResultsThe NSANERQ demonstrated excellent content validity (S-CVI = 0.92), good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.88), and acceptable test–retest reliability (r= 0.71) over 2 weeks. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a six-factor solution, which was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis.ConclusionsThe NSANERQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to measure students' attitudes toward nursing education research.
Despite Early Medicaid Expansion, Decreased Durable Virologic Suppression Among Publicly Insured People with HIV in Washington, DC: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Goldstein Deborah , Hardy David , Monroe Anne , Hou Qingjiang , Hart Rachel , Terzian Arpi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background:
Despite widely available access to HIV care in Washington, DC, inequities in HIV outcomes persist. We hypothesized that laboratory monitoring and virologic outcomes would not differ significantly based on insurance type.
Methods:
We compared HIV monitoring with outcomes among people with HIV (PWH) with private (commercial payer) versus public (Medicare, Medicaid) insurance receiving care at community and hospital clinics. The DC Cohort follows over 8,000 PWH from 14 clinics. We included those ≥18 years old enrolled between 2011-2015 with stable insurance. Outcomes included frequency of CD4 count and HIV RNA monitoring ( > 2 lab measures/year, > 30 days apart) and durable viral suppression (VS; HIV RNA <50 copies/mL at last visit and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥12 months). Multivariable logistic regression models examined impact of demographic and clinical factors.
Results:
Among 3,908 PWH, 67.9% were publicly-insured and 58.9% attended community clinics. Compared with privately insured participants, a higher proportion of publicly insured participants had the following characteristics: female sex, Black race, heterosexual, unemployed, and attending community clinics. Despite less lab monitoring, privately-insured PWH had greater durable VS than publicly-insured PWH (ART-naïve: private 70.0% vs public 53.1%, p=0.03; ART-experienced: private 80.2% vs public 69.4%, p<0.0001). Privately-insured PWH had greater durable VS than publicly-insured PWH at hospital clinics (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.12; p=0.001).
Conclusions: Paradoxical differences between HIV monitoring and durable VS exist among publicly and privately-insured PWH in Washington, DC. Programs serving PWH must improve efforts to address barriers creating inequity in HIV outcomes.
Simultaneous quantile regression and determinants of under-five severe chronic malnutrition in Ghana.
Authors: Aheto Justice Moses K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground Under-five malnutrition is a major public health issue contributing to mortality and morbidity, especially in developing countries like Ghana where the rates remain unacceptably high. Identification of critical risk factors of under-five malnutrition using appropriate and advanced statistical methods can help formulate appropriate health programmes and policies aimed at achieving the United Nations SDG Goal 2 target 2. This study attempts to develop a simultaneous quantile regression, an in-depth statistical model to identify critical risk factors of under-five severe chronic malnutrition (severe stunting). Methods Based on the nationally representative data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, height-for-age z-score (HAZ) was estimated. Multivariable simultaneous quantile regression modelling was employed to identify critical risk factors for severe stunting based on HAZ (a measure of chronic malnutrition in populations). Quantiles of HAZ with focus on severe stunting were modelled and the impact of the risk factors determined. Significant test of the difference between slopes at different selected quantiles of severe stunting and other quantiles were performed. A quantile regression plots of slopes were developed to visually examine the impact of the risk factors across these quantiles. Results Data on a total of 2716 children were analysed out of which 144 (5.3%) were severely stunted. The models identified child level factors such as type of birth, sex, age, place of delivery and size at birth as significant risk factors of under-five severe stunting. Maternal and household level factors identified as significant predictors of under-five severe stunting were maternal age and education, maternal national health insurance status, household wealth status, and number of children under-five in households. Highly significant differences exist in the slopes between 0.1 and 0.9 quantiles. The quantile regression plots for the selected quantiles from 0.1 to 0.9 showed substantial differences in the impact of the covariates across the quantiles of HAZ considered. Conclusion Critical risk factors that can aid formulation of child nutrition and health policies and interventions that will improve child nutritional outcomes and survival were identified. Modelling under-five severe stunting using multivariable simultaneous quantile regression models could be beneficial to addressing the under-five severe stunting.
The Utility of Multi-Stack Alignment and 3D Longitudinal Image Registration to Assess Bone Remodeling in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients from Second Generation HR-pQCT Scans
Authors: Brunet Scott C , Kuczynski Michael T , Bhatla Jennifer L , Lemay Sophie , Pauchard Yves , Salat Peter , Barnabe Cheryl , Manske Sarah Lynn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background: Medical imaging plays an important role in determining the progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a sensitive tool capable of evaluating bone microarchitecture and erosions, and 3D rigid image registration can be used to visualize and quantify bone remodeling over time. However, patient motion during image acquisition can cause a “stack shift” artifact resulting in loss of information and reducing the number of erosions that can be analyzed using HR-pQCT. The purpose of this study was to use image registration to improve the number of useable HR-pQCT scans and to apply image-based bone remodeling assessment to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of RA patients.

Methods: Ten participants with RA completed HR-pQCT scans of the 2 nd and 3 rd MCP joints at enrolment to the study and at a 6-month follow-up interval. At 6-months, an additional repeat scan was acquired to evaluate reliability. HR-pQCT images were acquired in three individual 1 cm acquisitions (stacks) with a 25% overlap. We completed analysis first using standard evaluation methods, and second with multi-stack registration. We assessed whether additional erosions could be evaluated after multi-stack registration. Bone remodeling analysis was completed using registration and transformation of baseline and follow-up images. We calculated the bone formation and resorption volume fractions with 6-month follow-up, and same-day repositioning as a negative control.

Results: 13/57 (23%) of erosions could not be analyzed from raw images due to a stack shift artifact. All erosions could be volumetrically assessed after multi-stack registration. We observed that there was a median bone formation fraction of 2.1% and resorption fraction of 3.8% in RA patients over the course of 6 months. In contrast to the same-day rescan negative control, we observed median bone formation and resorption fractions of 0%.

Conclusions: Multi-stack image registration is a useful tool to improve the number of useable scans when analyzing erosions using HR-pQCT. Further, image registration can be used to longitudinally assess bone remodeling. These methods could be implemented in future studies to provide important pathophysiological information on the progression of bone damage.
Longitudinal assessment of antibiotic resistance gene profiles in gut microbiomes of infants at risk of eczema
Authors: Author) Evelyn Loo(Former Corresponding , Zain Amanda , Yap Gaik Chin , Purbojati Rikky W , Drautz-Moses Daniela I , koh Yan Qing , Chong Yap Seng , Tan Kok Hian , Gluckman Peter D , Yap Fabian , Eriksson Johan Gunnar , Tham Elizabeth , shek lynette , kjelleberg Staffan , Schuster Stephan C , Banerjee Ritu , Author) Bee Wah Lee(New Corresponding 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background While there is increasing knowledge about the gut microbiome, the factors influencing and the significance of the gut resistome are still not well understood. Infant gut commensals risk transferring multidrug-resistant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to pathogenic bacteria. The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a worldwide public health concern. Better understanding the naïve infant gut resistome may build the evidence base for antimicrobial stewardship in both humans and in the food industry. Given the high carriage rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Enterobacteriaceae in Asia, we aimed to evaluate community prevalence, dynamics, and longitudinal changes in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles and prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in the intestinal microbiome of infants participating in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women and their infants.
Methods: We analysed ARGs in the first year of life among 75 infants at risk of eczema who had stool samples collected at multiple timepoints using metagenomics.
Results: The mean number of ARGs per infant increased with age. The most common ARGs identified confer resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics; all infants harboured these antibiotic resistance genes at some point in the first year of life. Few ARGs persisted throughout the first year of life. Beta-lactam resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected in 4 (5.3%) and 32 (42.7%) of subjects respectively.
Conclusion: In this longitudinal cohort study of infants living in a region with high endemic antibacterial resistance, we demonstrate that majority of the infants harboured several antibiotic resistance genes in their gut and showed that the infant gut resistome is diverse and dynamic over the first year of life.
A glucotolerant b-glucosidase from the fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae and its conversion into a glycosynthase for glycosylation of phenolic compounds
Authors: Méndez-Líter Juan Antonio , Nieto-Domínguez Manuel , de Toro Beatriz Fernández , Santana Andrés González , Prieto Alicia , Asensio Juan Luis , Cañada Francisco Javier , de Eugenio Laura Isabel , Martinez Maria Jesus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The interest for finding novel b-glucosidases that can improve the yields to produce second-generation (2G) biofuels is still very high. One of the most desired features for these enzymes is glucose tolerance, which enables their optimal activity under high-glucose concentrations. Besides, there is an additional focus of attention on finding novel enzymatic alternatives for glycoside synthesis, for which a mutated version of glycosidases, named glycosynthases, has gained much interest in recent years. Results: In this work, a glucotolerant β-glucosidase (BGL-1) from the ascomycete fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae has been heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris , purified, and characterized. The enzyme showed good efficiency on p NPG ( K m =3.36 ± 0.7 mM, k cat =898.31 s -1 ), but its activity on cellooligosaccharides, the natural substrates of these enzymes, was much lower, which could limit its exploitation in lignocellulose degradation applications. Interestingly, when examining the substrate specificity of BGL-1, it showed to be more active on sophorose, the b-1,2 disaccharide of glucose, than on cellobiose. Besides, the transglycosylation profile of BGL-1 was examined, and, for expanding its synthetic capacities, it was converted into a glycosynthase. The mutant enzyme, named BGL-1-E521G, was able to use α-D-glucosyl-fluoride as donor in glycosylation reactions, and synthesized glucosylated derivatives of different p NP-sugars in a regioselective manner, as well as of some phenolic compounds of industrial interest, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Conclusions: In this work, we report the characterization of a novel glucotolerant 1,2-β-glucosidase, which also has a considerable activity on 1,4-β-glucosyl bonds, that has been cloned in P. pastoris , produced, purified and characterized. In addition, the enzyme was converted into an efficient glycosynthase, able to transfer glucose molecules to a diversity of acceptors for obtaining compounds of interest. The remarkable capacities of BGL-1 and its glycosynthase mutant, both in hydrolysis and synthesis, suggest that it could be an interesting tool for biotechnological applications.
Network-based bioinformatics analysis of HOX genes and their related genes in endometriosis
Authors: Chitsazian Fereshteh , Favaedi Raha , Jahromi Masoumeh Golestan , Bazrgar Masood , Aflatoonian Reza , Afsharian Parvaneh , Aflatoonian Abbas , Shahhoseini Maryam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Dysregulation of some HOX genes are important for the development of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a complex gynecologic disorder affecting as many as 10-15% of premenopausal women. The pathogenesis of endometriosis, as the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, is largely unknown. HOX genes, encoding homeodomain transcription factors, are dynamically expressed in endometrium, in which they are necessary for endometrial growth, differentiation, and implantation. Few investigations have been studied in this vast range of HOX genes with a network-based view. Network theory allows for a holistic understanding of the role of genes in diseases. The purpose of this study is to identify genes that cause this disease by focusing on the HOX family genes and their regulatory genes. Materials & Methods: Fifteen samples of eutopic and ectopic endometrium collected from patients in proliferation phase. PCR array was performed on sample groups for 84 HOX genes and their related genes. The statistical significance was determined by using t-test. PCA and Hierarchical clustering were carried out between different groups. The genes co-expression networks were constructed based on correlation between normalized gene expression data. Gene function was annotated based on Gene Ontology, the intervention in other diseases and expression in other tissues using the DAVID to clarify the function of important genes and the mechanism of endometriosis. Results: Among the analyzed genes, 30, 40 and 35 significantly differentially expressed genes were in eutopic, ectopic compared with normal and ectopic with eutopic samples, respectively. Twenty-eight genes had no significant alteration in none of the sample groups. Conclusion: The most significant genes and the genes in co-expression networks are effective genes in development, metabolic and neural processes. Another important point is that the some non-differently expressed genes in networks have many interactions with the significant genes, indicating that these non-significant genes also are likely contributed in endometriosis. Keywords: endometriosis, HOX, PCR-array, Co-expression network
GM2 ganglioside accumulation causes neuroinflammation and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of early-onset Tay-Sachs disease.
Authors: Demir Secil Akyildiz , Timur Zehra Kevser , Ates Nurselin , Martinez Luis Alarcon , Seyrantepe Volkan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a type of GM2-gangliosidosis, is a progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder; caused by mutations in the a subunit of the lysosomal β-hexosaminidase enzyme. This disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, predominantly in the central nervous system. Although Tay-Sachs patients appear normal at birth, the progressive accumulation of undegraded GM2 gangliosides in neurons leads to death. Recently, an early-onset Tay-Sachs disease mouse model, with genotype Hexa -/- Neu3 -/-, was generated. Progressive accumulation of GM2 led to premature death of the double KO mice. Importantly, this double-deficient mouse model displays typical features of Tay-Sachs patients, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization of nerve cells, deterioration of Purkinje cells, neuronal death, deceleration in movement, ataxia, and tremors. GM2-gangliosidosis is characterized by acute neurodegeneration preceded by activated microglia expansion, macrophage, and astrocyte activation, along with the production of inflammatory mediators. However, the mechanism of disease progression in Hexa -/- Neu3 -/- mice, relevant to neuroinflammation is poorly understood. Method In this study we investigated the onset and progression of neuroinflammatory changes in the cortex, cerebellum, and retina of Hexa -/- Neu3 -/- mice and control littermates by using a combination of molecular genetics and immunochemical procedures. Results We found elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine transcripts, such as Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, and Cxcl10 and also extensive microglial and astrocyte activation and proliferation, accompanied by peripheral blood mononuclear cell infiltration in neurons and oligodendrocytes. Behavioral tests demonstrated a high level of anxiety, and age-dependent loss in both spatial learning and fear memory in Hexa -/- Neu3 -/- mice compared with that in the controls. Conclusion Altogether, our data suggest that Hexa -/- Neu3 -/- mice display a phenotype similar to Tay-Sachs patients suffering from chronic neuroinflammation triggered by GM2 accumulation. Furthermore, our work contributes to better understanding of the neuropathology in a mouse model of early-onset Tay-Sachs disease.
Evaluation of organic fractions of municipal solid waste as renewable feedstock for succinic acid production
Authors: Stylianou Eleni , Pateraki Chrysanthi , Ladakis Dimitrios , Fernández María Cruz , Latorre-Sánchez Marcos , Coll Caterina , Koutinas Apostolis 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite its high market potential, bio-based succinic acid production experienced recently a declining trend because the initial investments did not meet the expectations for rapid market growth. Thus, reducing the succinic acid production cost is imperative to ensure industrial implementation.
Results: Succinic acid production has been evaluated using hydrolysates from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) collected from MSW treatment plants. A tailor-made enzymatic cocktail was used for OFMSW hydrolysate production containing up to 107.3 g/L carbon sources and up to 638.7 mg/L free amino nitrogen. The bacterial strains Actinobacillus succinogenes and Basfia succiniciproducens were evaluated for succinic acid production with the latter strain being less efficient due to high lactic acid production. Batch A. succinogenes cultures supplemented with 5 g/L yeast extract and 5 g/L MgCO3 reached 29.4 g/L succinic acid with productivity of 0.89 g/L/h and yield of 0.56 g/g. Continuous cultures at dilution rate of 0.06 h -1 reached 21.2 g/L succinic acid with yield of 0.47 g/g and productivity of 1.27 g/L/h. Downstream separation and purification of succinic acid was achieved by centrifugation, treatment with activated carbon, acidification with cation exchange resins, evaporation and drying, reaching more than 99% purity. Preliminary techno-economic evaluation has been employed to evaluate the profitability potential of bio-based succinic acid production.
Conclusions: The use of OFMSW hydrolysate in continuous cultures could lead to a minimum selling price of 2.5 $/kg at annual production capacity of 40,000 t succinic acid and OFMSW hydrolysate production cost of 25 $/ t sugars.