bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of age on survival of patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest transported to tertiary emergency medical institutions in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Nakamura Fumiko , Kajino Kentaro , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Daya Mohamud R , Ong Marcus EH , Matsuyama Tasuku , Yamada Tomoki , Hayakawa Koichi , Irisawa Taro , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Noguchi Kazuo , Nishimura Tetsuro , Uejima Toshifumi , Yagi Yoshiki , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Kishimoto Masafumi , Matsuura Makoto , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Sogabe Taku , Morooka Takaya , Iwami Taku , Shimazu Takeshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki ,   for the CRITICAL Study investigators
Published: October 2019

AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) characteristics of patients stratified by age who had resuscitation attempted and were transported to tertiary emergency medical institutions in Osaka Prefecture, Japan; especially those of advanced age.MethodsA prospective, population‐based, observational review was carried out of consecutive OHCA patients with emergency responder resuscitation attempts from July 2012 to December 2016 in Osaka, Japan. Patients were classified into four groups: (i) 18–64 years; (ii) 65–74 years; (iii) 75–84 years; and (iv) ≥85 years. Patient, event and treatment characteristics were examined for patients with presumed cardiac etiology of OHCA. The primary outcome was the 1‐month survival with a neurologically favorable outcome.ResultsA total of 4636 patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac origin were transported to tertiary emergency medical institutions. The number of patients in the four groups was as follows: (i) 1290 (27.8%); (ii) 1102 (23.8%); (iii) 1420 (30.6%); and (iv) 824 (17.8%). The 1‐month survival with a neurologically favorable outcome was: (i) 207 (16.0%); (ii) 96 (8.7%); (iii) 60 (4.2%); and (iv) seven (0.85%). In a multivariate analysis for 1‐month survival with a neurologically favorable outcome, increased age was a significant prognostic factor (≥85 years; adjusted odds ratio 0.08, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.23) for poor outcomes.ConclusionsIn this population, advanced age (≥85 years) was strongly associated with poor outcomes. Further discussion of policies directed at resuscitation of very elderly OHCA patients is required, considering limited medical resources and the rapidly aging population in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1088–1095.
Cell migration and osteo/odontogenesis stimulation of iRoot FS as a potential apical barrier material in apexification
Authors: Liu Y. , Liu X. M. , Bi J. , Yu S. , Yang N. , Song B. , Chen X. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the in vitro biological effects of a nanoparticle bioceramic material, iRoot Fast Set root repair material (iRoot FS), on the proliferation, migration and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla (hSCAP), and to further explore the mechanism involved in osteo/odontogenic induction of iRoot FS.MethodologyhSCAP were isolated and characterized in vitro. iRoot FS conditioned medium were prepared and used to treat hSCAP, while using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) conditioned medium as the positive control and regular medium as the negative control. MTT assay and BrdU labelling assay were performed to determine cell proliferation. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were conducted to evaluate cell migration. The osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hSCAP was evaluated by qPCR, Western blot and Alizarin red S staining. Wnt inhibitor was used for downregulating the expression level of β‐catenin of hSCAP.ResultsThe cell proliferation of hSACP in the iRoot FS group was not significantly different compared with the control groups. The cell migration of hSCAP in the iRoot FS group was significantly increased than the MTA and negative control groups (P < 0.01). The expression levels of osteo/odontogenic markers and mineralization nodule formation of hSCAP in the iRoot FS group were significantly elevated (P < 0.01). Furthermore, iRoot FS enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of hSCAP by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling.ConclusionsiRoot FS promoted the cell migration of hSCAP and enhanced their oseto/odontogenesis potential via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway without cytotoxicity. iRoot FS had satisfactory biological properties and has potential to be used as an apical barrier in apexification or as a coronal sealing material in regenerative endodontic treatment.
Unveiling hermetic failure of ceramic tubes by digital image correlation and acoustic emission
Authors: Bumgardner Clifton H. , Heim Frederick M. , Roache David C. , Jarama Alex , Xu Peng , Lu Roger , Lahoda Edward J. , Croom Brendan P. , Deck Christian P. , Li Xiaodong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new, in situ hermeticity testing apparatus has been developed to allow helium leak evaluation of ceramic tubes, including nuclear‐grade SiC/SiC fuel cladding ceramic matrix composites (CMC), during four‐point bending with simultaneous monitoring of local deformation and damage, using stereoscopic digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emissions. The capabilities of the experimental apparatus are demonstrated using alumina, borosilicate glass, and 4130 steel tubes with representative cladding dimensions and then applied to study the deformation‐hermeticity relationship of SiC/SiC CMCs. Results of three CMCs appear to indicate that matrix cracking occurs near the deviation from linearity strain at strains ranging from 0.04% to 0.06% and is shortly followed by an initial loss of gas tightness by 0.09% bending strain. Leaking increased in distinct steps over 0.1%‐0.2% bending strain, and within this range, results indicate that prior to fiber fracture, it is likely possible to regain gas tightness upon unloading. This technique and uncovered hermetic failure behavior are intended to progress the standardization of a test methodology for nuclear reactor components and to begin to resolve the mechanisms controlling distinct steps of ceramic matrix composite failure.
Staff understandings of abuse and poor practice in residential settings for adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Fyson Rachel , Patterson Anne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA common factor in the abuse of people with intellectual disabilities in residential settings has been the failure of care staff and frontline managers to recognise poor practice at an early stage and prevent its development into a culture of abuse. In this context, staff understandings of abuse and poor practice in residential services for people with intellectual disabilities were explored.MethodSemi‐structured interviews (n = 56) were undertaken with care staff and frontline managers working across England. Interviews included the use of vignettes, based on real‐life experiences of people with intellectual disabilities, to prompt discussion.ResultsStaff struggled to define either “abuse” or “poor practice”, focussing more on individual acts or omissions than on institutional practices. When faced with vignettes, staff demonstrated a lack of agreement regarding what constitutes either abuse or poor practice.ConclusionsThe implications for practice in residential care settings and for safeguarding training are discussed.
Functional traits explain amphibian distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Lourenço‐de‐Moraes Ricardo , Campos Felipe S. , Ferreira Rodrigo B. , Beard Karen H. , Solé Mirco , Llorente Gustavo A. , Bastos Rogério P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimSpecies distributions are one of the most important ways to understand how communities interact through macroecological relationships. The functional abilities of a species, such as its plasticity in various environments, can determine its distribution, species richness and beta diversity patterns. In this study, we evaluate how functional traits influence the distribution of amphibians, and hypothesize which functional traits explain the current pattern of amphibian species composition.LocationAtlantic Forest, Brazil.TaxonAmphibia (Anura and Gymnophiona)MethodsUsing potential distributions of Brazilian amphibians from Atlantic Forest based on their functional traits, we analysed the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on species richness, endemism (with permutation multivariate analysis) and beta diversity components (i.e. total, turnover and nestedness dissimilarities).ResultsEnvironmental variables explained 59.5% of species richness, whereas functional traits explained 15.8% of species distribution (geographical species range) for Anuran and 88.8% for Gymnophiona. Body size had the strongest correlation with species distribution. Results showed that species with medium to large body size, and species that are adapted to living in open areas tended to disperse from west to east direction. Current forest changes directly affected beta diversity patterns (i.e. most species adapted to novel environments increase their ranges). Beta diversity partitioning between humid and dry forests showed decreased nestedness and increased turnover by increasing altitude in the south‐eastern region of the Atlantic Forest.Main ConclusionsOur study shows that functional traits directly influence the ability of the species to disperse. With the alterations of the natural environment, species more apt to these alterations have dispersed or increased their distribution, which consequently changes community structure. As a result, there are nested species distribution patterns and homogenization of amphibian species composition throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Intermediated surge pricing
Authors: Bikhchandani Sushil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough Uber and Lyft are known for their flexible “surge pricing,” they are surprisingly rigid in another way: each firm takes a constant percentage of passenger fare whether or not there is a surge. In this paper, I investigate the possible reasons for, and the impact of, this rigidity. I study a market in which a profit‐maximizing intermediary facilitates trade between buyers and sellers. The intermediary sets prices for buyers and sellers, and keeps the difference as her fee. Optimal prices increase when demand increases, that is, shifts right. If a demand increase is due to an increase in the number of ex ante symmetric buyers, then the intermediary's optimal percent fee decreases. If, instead, a demand increase is due to a reduction in the elasticity of demand, then the intermediary's optimal percent fee increases. In either case, if the intermediary keeps a constant percent fee regardless of shifts in demand, as is the case with Uber and Lyft, then surge pricing (i.e., the ratio of price during high demand to price during low demand) is amplified on one side of the market and diminished on the other side.
Recognition software successfully aids the identification of individual small‐spotted catsharks Scyliorhinus canicula during their first year of life
Authors: Hook Samantha A. , McMurray Charlotte , Ripley Daniel M. , Allen Natasha , Moritz Timo , Grunow Bianka , Shiels Holly A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEighteen captive small‐spotted catsharks Scyliorhinus canicula were successfully identified from hatching to 1 year of age using the free computer recognition software, I3S classic. The effect of increasing the time interval between recognition attempts on the accuracy of the software was investigated, revealing that recognition fiedelity decreases with increasing time intervals for younger (0 to 15 weeks), but not older (15 weeks onwards) sharks. Identification by I3S was validated using genetic analyses of seven microsatellite markers, revealing a 100% success rate. Thus, this non‐invasive recognition method can be used as an inexpensive and effective alternative to invasive tagging, improving animal welfare and complementing ex‐situ conservation methods.
Icariin‐induced miR‐875‐5p attenuates epithelial‐mesenchymal transition by targeting hedgehog signaling in liver fibrosis
Authors: Ye Lei , Yu Yaping , Zhao Yanping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatic fibrosis is the final endpoint for most chronic liver diseases and remains a significant public health problem worldwide. Icariin, a naturally occurring flavonol glucoside, has been reported to exhibit protective effects on liver injury and alleviate liver fibrosis. However, the underlying detail molecular mechanism is not fully revealed.MethodsMouse primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)‐induced liver fibrosis model in mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models in this study. The expression levels of miR‐875‐5p were detected by quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR. The validation of the direct target of miR‐875‐5p was through dual‐luciferase reporter assay and western blotting assay. The cell proliferation and cell mobility were determined using MTT assay and Transwell migration assay, respectively.ResultsWe found that icariin inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition and collagen protein section of HSCs. Icariin exerted hepatoprotective effects on mice model of CCL4‐induced liver fibrosis. Our further results revealed that miR‐875‐5p was downregulated in human cirrhosis tissues and activated murine HSCs. Icariin induced miR‐875‐5p upregulation and subsequently decreased glioma‐associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) expression through direct binding to the three prime untranslated region of GLI1 mRNA.ConclusionOur study highlighted the potential therapeutic application of icariin for liver fibrosis management.
Factors influencing health status in older people with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Youngcharoen Phichpraorn , Saraboon Yuwadee , Aree‐Ue Suparb 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo examine a causal model of health status among older people with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsA cross‐sectional, correlational design was used with a convenience sample of 220 older Thai people with knee osteoarthritis (mean age 68.96 years; SD = 6.22). Participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2‐Short Form. Structural Equation Model was used to examine a hypothesized model.ResultsUsing Chi‐square, hypothesized model was statistically nonsignificant. A model of health status fitted with the empirical data and explained 19.2% of variance. Pain catastrophizing had negative direct effect on self‐efficacy and health status. Pain catastrophizing also had negative indirect effect on health status through self‐efficacy. Self‐efficacy and social support had positive direct effects on health status. However, pain‐related fear had no direct or indirect effect on health status.ConclusionLower level of pain catastrophizing can improve self‐efficacy. Increasing of self‐efficacy and social support can then lead to improvement on health status. This study highlighted the effect of psychosocial factors on health status. It is necessary to develop a program to minimize pain catastrophizing, improve social support, and promote self‐efficacy to improve the health status of older people with knee osteoarthritis.
Synergistic growth inhibition mediated by dual PI3K/mTOR pathway targeting and genetic or direct pharmacological AKT inhibition in human glioblastoma models
Authors: von Achenbach Caroline , Weller Michael , Kaulich Kerstin , Gramatzki Dorothee , Zacher Angela , Fabbro Doriano , Reifenberger Guido , Szabó Emese 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMolecular genetic aberrations in the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are common in human cancers including glioblastoma, yet, novel therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway in glioblastoma have not been successful. We hypothesized that molecular profiling in combination with in vitro drug sensitivity testing allows to identify signatures associated with sensitivity or resistance to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibition. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms determining sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR inhibition using gene silencing or pharmacological target inhibition and proliferation, clonogenicity, or spherogenicity as readouts, in human long‐term glioma cell (LTC) lines and glioma‐initiating cells (GIC). Cultured glioma cells were universally sensitive to growth inhibition induced by PQR309, a novel, dual pan‐PI3K/mTOR antagonist. Cells exhibited profound growth arrest, but little apoptotic or necrotic cell death as confirmed by electron microscopy; yet, there was evidence of senescence. Cell lines with high basal levels of phosphorylated (active) AKT, low levels of phosphorylated (inactive) protein translation repressor eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E‐binding protein 1 (p4E‐BP1), and high levels of Ser9‐phosphorylated (inactive) glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK3β) were more sensitive to PQR309. Accordingly, the activity of PQR309 was synergistically enhanced by AKT gene silencing or direct pharmacological AKT inhibition. In vivo studies confirmed the anti‐glioma activity of PQR309 alone or in combination with AKT inhibition in the orthotopic LN‐229 glioma xenograft model in nude mice. These data justify to explore combined targeted therapy approaches in glioblastoma that aim at down‐regulating AKT function to enhance the therapeutic potential of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors.
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Stimulating Housing Markets
Authors: BERGER DAVID , TURNER NICHOLAS , ZWICK ERIC 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe study temporary fiscal stimulus designed to support distressed housing markets by inducing demand from buyers in the private market. Using difference‐in‐differences and regression kink research designs, we find that the First‐Time Homebuyer Credit increased home sales by 490,000 (9.8%), median home prices by $2,400 (1.1%) per standard deviation increase in program exposure, and the transition rate into homeownership by 53%. The policy response did not reverse immediately. Instead, demand comes from several years in the future: induced buyers were three years younger in 2009 than typical first‐time buyers. The program's market‐stabilizing benefits likely exceeded its direct stimulus effects.
Weight of salivary gland ultrasonography compared to other items of the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for Primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Jousse‐Joulin S. , Gatineau F. , Baldini C. , Baer A. , Barone F. , Bootsma H. , Bowman S. , Brito‐Zerón P. , Cornec D. , Dorner T. , de Vita S. , Fisher B. , Hammenfors D. , Jonsson M. , Mariette X. , Milic V. , Nakamura H. , Ng W.‐F. , Nowak E. , Ramos‐Casals M. , Rasmussen A. , Seror R. , Shiboski C.H. , Nakamura T. , Vissink A. , Saraux A. , Devauchelle‐Pensec V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveMajor salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is widely used for the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Our objective was to assess the contribution of SGUS compared to other items of the 2016 ACR/EULAR pSS classification criteria, based on expert opinion.MethodsA secure web‐based relational database was used by 24 experts from 14 countries to assess 512 realistic vignettes developed from data of patients with suspected pSS. Each vignette provided classification criteria items and information on history, clinical symptoms and SGUS findings. Each expert assessed 64 vignettes, and each vignette was assessed by 3 experts. A diagnosis of pSS was defined according to at least 2 of 3 experts. Validation was performed in the independent French DiapSS cohort of patients with suspected pSS.ResultsA criteria‐based pSS diagnosis and SGUS findings were independently associated with an expert diagnosis of pSS (P < 0.001). The derived diagnostic weights of individual items in the 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria including SGUS were as follows: anti‐SSA, 3; focus score ≥ 1, 3; SGUS score ≥ 2, 1; positive Schirmer’s test, 1; dry mouth, 1; and salivary flow rate < 0.1 mL/min, 1. The corrected C statistic area under the curve for the new weighted score was 0.96. Adding SGUS improves the sensitivity from 90.2 % to 95.6% with a quite similar specificity 84.1% versus 82.6%. Results were similar in the DiapSS cohort: adding SGUS improves the sensitivity from 87% to 93%.ConclusionSGUS had similar weight compared to minor items, and its addition improves the performance of the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria.
The Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS two‐component system regulates virulence factor expression through MgrA
Authors: Crosby Heidi A. , Tiwari Nitija , Kwiecinski Jakub M. , Xu Zhen , Dykstra Allison , Jenul Christian , Fuentes Ernesto J. , Horswill Alexander R. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe Gram‐positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, is a versatile pathogen that can sense and adapt to a wide variety of environments within the human host, in part through its 16 two‐component regulatory systems. The ArlRS two‐component system has been shown to affect many cellular processes in S. aureus, including autolysis, biofilm formation, capsule synthesis and virulence. Yet the molecular details of this regulation remained largely unknown. We used RNA sequencing to identify the ArlRS regulon, and found 70% overlap with that of the global regulator MgrA. These genes included cell wall‐anchored adhesins (ebh, sdrD), polysaccharide and capsule synthesis genes, cell wall remodeling genes (lytN, ddh), the urease operon, genes involved in metal transport (feoA, mntH, sirA), anaerobic metabolism genes (adhE, pflA, nrdDG) and a large number of virulence factors (lukSF, lukAB, nuc, gehB, norB, chs, scn and esxA). We show that ArlR directly activates expression of mgrA and identify a probable ArlR‐binding site (TTTTCTCAT‐N4‐TTTTAATAA). A highly similar sequence is also found in the spx P2 promoter, which was recently shown to be regulated by ArlRS. We also demonstrate that ArlS has kinase activity toward ArlR in vitro, although it has slower kinetics than other similar histidine kinases.
Candida auris in various hospitals across Kuwait and their susceptibility and molecular basis of resistance to antifungal drugs
Authors: Ahmad Suhail , Khan Ziauddin , Al‐Sweih Noura , Alfouzan Wadha , Joseph Leena 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundCandida auris, a multidrug‐resistant species, has the propensity of nosocomial transmission despite normal decontamination procedures. Here, we describe the isolation of C auris from patients in various hospitals in Kuwait during 2014‐2018. Susceptibility to antifungal drugs and molecular basis of resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole and micafungin were also studied.MethodsCandida auris (n = 314) obtained from 126 patients in eight hospitals were studied. All isolates were identified by PCR amplification and/or PCR‐sequencing of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Antifungal susceptibility was determined by Etest. Molecular basis of resistance to fluconazole and micafungin was studied by PCR‐sequencing of ERG11 and FKS1 genes, respectively.FindingsBloodstream (n = 58), urine (n = 124), respiratory (n = 98) and other (n = 34) specimens yielded 314 C auris isolates. The proportion of bloodstream C auris among all yeast isolates was higher (42 of 307, 13.7%) in 2018 as compared to 2014‐2017 (16 of 964, 1.7%) (P = .001). More bloodstream isolates (42 of 139) were cultured in 2018 than during 2014‐2017 (16 of 175) (P = .001). Resistance to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole and micafungin was detected in 27.1%, 100%, 41.1% and 1.7% isolates, respectively. Fluconazole‐resistant isolates contained either Y132F or K143R mutation in ERG11. Isolates with K143R mutation were additionally resistant to voriconazole. Micafungin‐resistant isolates contained S639F mutation in hot spot 1 of FKS1.ConclusionsOur study highlights spreading of C auris in major hospitals across Kuwait and its increasing role as a bloodstream pathogen in 2018. Cross‐resistance to voriconazole was also seen in isolates with K143R mutation in ERG11, while micafungin‐resistant isolates harboured S639F mutation in hot spot 1 of FKS1.