bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence and organ transplantation: challenges and expectations
Authors: Briceño Javier 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Classifiers based on artificial intelligence have emerged in all areas of medicine. Although very subtle, many decisions in organ transplantation can now be addressed in a more concisely manner with the support of these classifiers.

Recent findings
Any aspect of organ transplantation (image processing, prediction of results, diagnostic proposals, therapeutic algorithms or precision treatments) consists of a set of input variables and a set of output variables. Artificial intelligence classifiers differ in the way they establish relationships between the input variables, how they select the data groups to train patterns and how they are able to predict the possible options of the output variables. There are hundreds of classifiers to achieve this goal. The most appropriate classifiers to address the different aspects of organ transplantation are Artificial Neural Networks, Decision Tree classifiers, Random Forest, and Naïve Bayes classification models. There are hundreds of examples of the usefulness of artificial intelligence in organ transplantation, especially in image processing, organ allocation, D-R matching, precision pathology, real-time immunosuppression, transplant oncology, and predictive analysis.

Summary
In the coming years, clinical transplant experts will increasingly use Deep Learning-based models to support their decisions, specially in those cases where subjectivity is common.
The need for a living donor wellness program
Authors: Kim Jim , Kim Susan , Genyk Yuri , Maw Thin Thin 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Living donation has a tremendous impact in bridging the gap between the shortage of organs and the growing list of transplant candidates but remains underutilized as a percentage of total transplants performed. This review focuses on obesity and social determinants of health as potential barriers to the expansion of living kidney donation.

Recent findings
The growing rate of obesity and associated metabolic syndrome make many potential donors unacceptable as donor candidates because of the future risk for developing chronic health conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes. There is also increasing evidence demonstrating socioeconomic differences and racial disparities potentially limit access to living donation in certain populations. These potentially modifiable factors are not exclusive of each other and together serve as significant contributing factors to lower rates of living donation.

Summary
Living donors make sacrifices to provide the gift of life to transplant recipients, despite the potential risks to their own health. Studies describing risk factors to living donation call attention to the overall need for more action to prioritize and promote the health and well being of living donors.
Prognostic Factors for the Failure of Endometrial Ablation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Beelen Pleun , Reinders Imke M. A. , Scheepers Wessel F. W. , Herman Malou C. , Geomini Peggy M. A. J. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Bongers Marlies Y. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2019;134:1269–1281)
An important health problem affecting approximately 30% of women is heavy menstrual bleeding, which has a major effect on their quality of life. A frequently used minimally invasive procedure that can destroy or remove the endometrial tissue is endometrial ablation (EA).
Association Between First-Trimester Subchorionic Hematomas and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes After 20 Weeks of Gestation in Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Naert Mackenzie N. , Rodriguez Alberto Muniz , Khadraoui Hanaa , Naqvi Mariam , Fox Nathan S. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2019;134:863–868)
Subchorionic hematoma (SCH) (or bleed) is commonly observed in the first trimester of pregnancy, with a reported incidence ranging widely from 0.46% to 39.5%. So far, studies looking at the relationship between subchorionic bleed and adverse outcomes in later pregnancy have been unclear.
Current Role of Urethrolysis and Partial Excision in Patients Seeking Revision of Anti-incontinence Sling
Authors: Drain Alice , Enemchukwu Ekene , Shah Nihar , Syan Raveen , Rosenblum Nirit , Nitti Victor W. , Brucker Benjamin M. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2019;25:409–414)
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects 5% to 30% of women. After the introduction of the first synthetic midurethral sling (transvaginal tape) in1996, there was a rapid rise in the number of midurethral slings available, and these products were widely adopted and used.
Endometrial CD138 Count Appears to be a Negative Prognostic Indicator for Patients Who Have Experienced Previous Embryo Transfer Failure
Authors: Fan Xiangxiu , Li Xiaofeng , Li Yuan , Liao Jingnan , Chen Huijun , Li Yi , Lu Guang-Xiu , Lin Ge , Gong Fei 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2019;112:1103–1111)
Chronic endometriosis (CE) is a chronic infectious disease that is often misdiagnosed due to its vague symptomatic severity, lack of typical clinical or ultrasounds symptoms, and requirement for histopathologic diagnosis. Evidence has shown that CE may be associated with various subgroups of reproductive failure.
Effects of Trunk Stabilization Exercise While Wearing a Pelvic Compression Belt on Walking and Balancing Abilities in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Choi Yoon-Hee , Kim Nan-Hyang , Son Sung-Min , Cha Yong-Jun 
Published: June 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing a pelvic compression belt during trunk stability exercise on balance and gait ability in patients with stroke.

Design
Thirty-six patients with stroke participated and were randomly allocated to three groups: the paretic group (trunk stability exercise wearing a pelvic belt on the paretic side), the nonparetic group (trunk stability exercise wearing a pelvic belt on the nonparetic side), or the control group (trunk stability exercise without a pelvic belt). Walking and balancing abilities were assessed before and after trunk stabilization exercise.

Results
Significantly larger gains were identified in the paretic group than in the control group for all variables (P < 0.017). In addition, significantly larger gains were observed in the paretic group than in the nonparetic group (P < 0.017) (limit of stability, 15.6%; stance phase of paretic side, 4.1%; 10-m walking test, −10.1%; 6-min walking test, 4.6%).

Conclusion
Wearing a pelvic belt on the paretic side during trunk stabilization exercise seems to be more effective at improving the balancing and walking abilities of patients with stroke than wearing a pelvic compression belt on the nonparetic side or not wearing a pelvic belt.
Bringing Psychiatry into the Mosque: Analysis of a Community Psychoeducation Intervention
Authors: MUSHTAQ SAMAIYA B. , AYVACI EMINE R. , HASHIMI MARIAM , NORTH CAROL S. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Mental health care in the growing US Muslim population is a relevant topic given ongoing discrimination and self-stigma similar to that seen in other racial and religious communities. Data concerning efforts to integrate religious practice or spiritual concepts into mental health education are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze views about psychiatric illness and treatment before and after a mental health symposium at a community mosque led by faith leaders and mental health professionals.

Methods:
A total of 31 matched presurveys and postsurveys were collected from participants at the symposium to assess attitudes about psychiatric illness and treatment before and after the intervention. The surveys were analyzed using SAS.

Results:
At baseline, the highly religious and educated population that participated in the survey had high levels of agreement with the conceptualization of psychiatric illness as a biological problem and less so as a spiritual problem. Even so, at baseline, only approximately half of the participants indicated that they would talk to a medical doctor about mental health problems, and participants were significantly less positive about taking psychotropic medication for illness, compared with after the intervention. Educational attainment was positively associated with the conceptualization of psychosis as a biological problem, with willingness to speak to a medical doctor, and with willingness to take antidepressant medications.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest the potential effectiveness of coordinated interventions by religious leaders and mental health professionals to address the reluctance of Muslims to use psychotropic medication treatment when indicated. Limitations of this study include the self-selection of a highly-educated subset of the greater Muslim population that may already have been interested in a mental health symposium. For the future, research should consider the use of psychoeducation in general religious services to reach a more representative sample of practicing Muslims.
Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome
Authors: Abulezz Tarek Abdelhameed , Allam Karam A. , Wan Derrick C. , Lee Justine C. , Kawamoto Henry K. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by craniofacial and limb anomalies, with craniosynostosis (mainly coronal) being the most frequent craniofacial finding. Cranial and facial deformities can be extremely variable requiring individualization of treatment strategies. We present our case series to highlight clinical findings, treatment philosophy, and challenges facing Saethre-Chotzen patients.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed on records of patients given a diagnosis of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Craniofacial Clinic (n = 7) between 1980 and 2010. Patients with complete records were included in this study, and review of demographic data, clinical findings, surgical interventions and postoperative follow-up, and stability were performed.

Results
Seven patients (1 male and 6 female) were included in this study. The average age at which the patients were first seen was 6.5 years. Suture involvement was bicoronal (n = 6) and unicoronal (n = 1). There was 1 patient having superimposed metopic synostosis, and there was another patient having Kleeblattschädel deformity. Previous procedures performed for patients before establishing care at UCLA were strip craniectomy (n = 2) and fronto-orbital advancement (n = 2). All patients (n = 7) had fronto-orbital advancements at UCLA. Other skeletal operations included the following: redo forehead advancement and contouring (n = 3), monobloc advancement (n = 1), and LeFort III distraction (n = 1). Five patients reached skeletal maturity, and 2 patients received LeFort I advancement for class III malocclusion, one of which also required a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible.

Conclusion
Clinical presentation and severity of deformity in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome are variable. Our current report reviews our treatment strategies and illustrates the predominance of cranial and upper face deformities and frequent need for redo surgeries to address forehead asymmetry in this group of syndromic craniosynostosis patients.
A Novel Method for Complex Diagnostics of Globes’ Position
Authors: Gushchina Marina B. , Afanasyeva Daria S. , Gushchin Alexander V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Spiral computed tomography is a gold standard in diagnostics of intraorbital pathological changes. Modern software provides great opportunities at viewing and analyzing DICOM files. Earlier, the authors introduced a method of computed exophthalmometry for precise measurement of globes’ position even in the cases of lateral orbital rim fracture. However, eye proptosis is known to be depending on the eye length (ocular component), retrobulbar volume (orbital component), as well as anatomy of neurocranium and brain (cerebral component). Nevertheless, conventional Hertel exophthalmometry and other proposed methods do not specify the component, involved in the pathogenesis of enophthalmos or exophthalmos, that is why additional examinations are required. In this article, the authors propose a novel approach, which can complement and/or substitute instrumental methods used for differential diagnostics of enophthalmos or exophthalmos.
Periodontal Regeneration Using Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and a Bilayer Collagen Matrix
Authors: Lee Jungwon , Yun Junseob , Kim Kyoung-Hwa , Koo Ki-Tae , Seol Yang-Jo , Lee Yong-Moo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered using a collagen sponge could be a candidate for periodontal regeneration therapy. However, there is little evidence related to rhBMP-2 delivered with a bilayer collagen matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the proper dose of rhBMP-2 using a bilayer collagen matrix for periodontal regeneration in a 1-wall defect. The mandibular first premolars and first molars of 6 beagle dogs were extracted, and an 8-week healing period was allowed. One-wall intrabony defects (4 mm in width and 5 mm in height) were made on the mesial side of the 2nd premolar and/or the distal side of the 4th premolar bilaterally. Subsequently, a bilayer collagen matrix containing 0 μg (C), 200 μg (T1), or 500 μg (T2) of lyophilized rhBMP-2 was randomly applied to the defect area. Calcein and xylenol orange were injected at 4 and 8 weeks following the surgery, respectively, to label periodic bone formation. After a 12-week healing period, the animals were sacrificed for micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis. Bone mineral density and bone volume density showed statistically significant differences between the control group and group T1, while no significant differences were observed between the control group and group T2 or between groups T1 and T2. The bone height in groups T1 and T2 was smaller than that in the control group. Low doses of rhBMP-2 delivered using a bilayer collagen matrix in 1-wall intrabony defects can promote periodontal regeneration compared to no or high doses of rhBMP-2.
Variations in the Morphology of Foramen Lacerum
Authors: Singh Rajani , Kumar Raj 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerves unite in foramen lacerum to form vidian nerve which innervate lacrimal, buccal, nasopharynx, and nasal glands. Moreover, the superior part of this foramen transmits lacerum part of internal carotid artery which irrigates major part of brain. Change in the morphology of foramen lacerum may result in compression of neurovascular structures creating neurovascular complications which at times may be fatal/morbid. In addition to this, there is paucity of literature elucidating the morphology of foramen lacerum. So, the aim of the study is to describe the morphology of foramen lacerum and associated clinical significance.
The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India using 26 half skulls. The skulls were observed for morphological variations of foramen lacerum besides carrying out morphometry of these foramina.
Complete obliteration of foramen lacerum culminating into circular opening at its superior part bilaterally was observed in 5 skulls (19.2%). Incomplete ossification of foramen was detected in 7 skulls (26.9%). The mean diameters of carotid foramina in cases of complete obliteration were 6 mm and 7 mm on right and left sides respectively. The mean antero-posterior diameters of anterior and posterior apertures on right side were 7 and 6 mm respectively while these dimensions on left sides were 7 mm.
Due to morphological variations in foramen lacerum through partial/complete obliteration, the neurovascular structures passing through it may be squeezed leading to neurovascular complications. Thus, the study is of paramount importance to neurovascular surgeons, neuro-interventionists, and anatomists.
Perceptions and Preferences of Laypersons in the Management of Positional Plagiocephaly
Authors: Vu Giap H. , Magoon Katherine , Zimmerman Carrie E. , Kalmar Christopher L. , Humphries Laura S. , Swanson Jordan W. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Uncertain clinical evidence for treating positional plagiocephaly, especially with helmet therapy, creates difficulties in counseling parents of patients. This study investigates layperson perceptions and treatment preferences for positional plagiocephaly to provide patient-oriented evidence for management.

Methods:
Adult laypersons were recruited through crowdsourcing to view digitally-modified images of normal, mildly, moderately, or severely plagiocephalic infant heads. Participants provided demographic information and rated the infant's head shape and potential related social difficulties, likelihood of consulting a physician for treatment options, and likelihood of seeking helmeting treatment for the infant.

Results:
Nine hundred forty-five individuals participated in the study. Perception of head shape, prediction of future embarrassment and social difficulties, likelihood of seeking physician evaluation, likelihood of choosing helmet therapy, and willingness-to-pay for helmet therapy were pairwise-different between 4 plagiocephaly severities (corrected-P < 0.001 for all), except between normocephaly (n = 194) and mild (n = 334) plagiocephaly or between moderate (n = 203) and severe (n = 214) plagiocephaly. Younger respondents were more likely to consult a physician (uncorrected-P = 0.016) and choose helmet therapy (uncorrected-P = 0.004) for infants with normocephaly or mild plagiocephaly. Parents of children with physical disabilities were 6 times as likely as other participants to choose helmet therapy for mild plagiocephaly (corrected-P = 0.036).

Conclusions:
Laypersons perceived moderate and severe plagiocephaly as equally abnormal and mild plagiocephaly as normal, consistent with their treatment preferences. Parents of physically disabled children were significantly more likely than other participants to choose helmet therapy. Our findings provide medical professionals with lay perspectives on positional plagiocephaly that may facilitate effective counseling of parents.
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst Formation After Barbed Thread Lifting
Authors: Baek Sang Oon , Shin Jeonghwan , Lee Jun Yong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Barbed thread lifting is a widely used method because it is easier to learn, faster, and the lower frequency of complications than the invasive lifting technique. The number of reported cases about complication requiring an invasive procedure is very small, and most cases are limited to minor complications. The authors introduce a chronic, recurrent epidermal inclusion cyst that occurs after Barbed thread lifting. A 61-year-old woman visited the hospital with recurrent inflammation and scar accompanied by discharge in the temporal area lasting 2 years. She had barbed thread lifting in the area of inflammation 4 years ago. CT images showed soft tissue infiltration invading superficial fascia. intraoperative view, A multi directional barbed thread was anchored in the scar tissue. The barbed thread was pulled out and cut off inflammatory lesions, including scarring wounds, were totally excised. Histopathological examination confirmed the epidermal inclusion cyst and polydioxanone suture. After surgery, the patient recovered without any complications. In this case, the cause of epidermoid cyst is considered iatrogenic concerning history of barbed thread lifting
A Novel Simulated Training Platform and Study of Performance Among Different Levels of Learners in Flexible Cystoscopy
Authors: Cantillon-Murphy Pádraig , Jaeger Herman Alexander , Donovan Michelle , Standley Laura , O'Shea Conor , Sweeney Paul , Marescaux Jacques , Piechaud Thierry 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
The aims of this study were to test a novel simulation platform suitable for flexible cystoscopy using a standard scope, to assess the platform's proposed use as a training tool for flexible cystoscopy, and to assess the user experience through surveyed response.

Methods
Thirty-one urologists (11 novices, 20 experts) were evaluated using a novel light-based bladder model and standard flexible cystoscope. Time to complete full inspection of the simulated bladder was measured, and the scope trajectory was recorded. Participants also completed a survey of the training platform.

Results
Thirty participants completed a simulated inspection of a portable bladder model with a mean ± SD time for 153.1 ± 76.1 seconds. One participant failed to complete. Novice urologists (defined as those having completed less than 50 flexible cystoscopies in clinic) had a mean ± SD time of 176.9 ± 95.8 seconds, whereas with experts, this decreased to 139.3 ± 60.7 seconds. Dynamic trajectory maps identified “blind spots” within each user's cystoscopy performance. In a poststudy follow-up, 27 participants considered the tool valuable or extremely valuable for training, whereas 19 participants considered that the tool either very well or excellently replicated the clinical setting. All participants ranked the tool as very good or excellent for overall quality of training.

Discussion
Advances in electronic technology make portable low-cost models a potential low-cost alternative to endourology training platforms. In providing a quantifiable measure of user performance, the tool may shorten the learning curve in flexible cystoscopy and, potentially, reduce clinical errors and provide quantifiable measures for further clinical training.
Social Media Responses to Elective Surgery Cancellations in the Wake of COVID-19
Authors: Rao Saieesh A. , Ravi Mohan S. , Zhao Jeffrey W. , Sturgeon Cord , Bilimoria Karl Y. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To assess public response to cancellations of elective surgeries following the American College of Surgeons’ (ACS) recommendation on March 13.

Methods:
We queried text comments from Reddit, a social media platform and the fifth most popular website in the United States. Comments were manually reviewed to assess for relevance to elective surgery in the United States during the global coronavirus outbreak, whether the text was written by a healthcare worker (HCW), whether the user was based in the United States, and whether the text documented cancellations of surgery, expected cancellations of surgery, or surgery ongoing after the ACS announcement. Analysis of overall sentiment and negativity in comment text was performed using the Valence Aware Dictionary for sEntiment Reasoning (VADER), a validated natural language processing tool previously used in studies of health behaviors using social media. Non-parametric tests were used for subgroup comparisons based on posting date and characteristics identified during manual review.

Results:
Following manual review, 1272 comments were included for analysis. Overall sentiment among non-HCWs became significantly more negative following the ACS announcement (P = 0.037). Overall sentiment did not significantly differ between HCWs and non-HCWs prior to the ACS announcement (P = 0.98), but non-HCW sentiment became significantly more negative than HCW sentiment after the announcement (P = 0.027). Negativity scores in posts describing cancellations were significantly higher among posts written by non-HCWs than HCWs (P = 0.028).

Conclusions:
Cancellation of elective surgeries had an adverse emotional impact on non-HCWs. This finding highlights the importance of access to elective surgery to patients’ emotional well-being.