bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Gear–Shaft–Bearing Coupled System Considering Bearing Waviness Defect
Authors: Bai Huan , Song Chaosheng , Zhu Caichao , Tan Jianjun , Li Xinzi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using finite element and lumped parameter methods, a gear–shaft–bearing coupled vibration model was developed for a single-stage gear transmission system considering bearing waviness, bearing clearance, time-varying transmission error excitation, and shaft flexibility. Runge–Kutta algorithm was applied for solving the dynamic response of the coupled model. The influences of rotational speed, the number, and amplitude of bearing waviness on the dynamics were studied. Results show that any change in the number of bearing waviness has an obvious impact on the dominant frequency component of the dynamic transmission error. When the number of bearing waviness is equal to the number or multiples of the rolling element, the dynamic mesh force occurs peak response and the system vibrates violently. At low and medium speeds range, the gear transmission system with bearing waviness has larger vibrational energy than the gear transmission system without bearing waviness, leading to unstable dynamic response, which would potentially cause a significant chaotic response. The dominant frequencies of the dynamic transmission error for the gear transmission system with bearing waviness are the ball passage frequency (BPF) and its harmonic frequency. At high speeds range, the main excitation is the transmission error both for the gear transmission systems with and without bearing waviness. In addition, the increasing amplitude of bearing waviness would enlarge the dynamic mesh force and decrease the number of loaded rolling elements.
Experimental Study on the Fractal Pattern of a Coal Body Pore Structure Around a Water Injection Bore
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wang Wenyu , Yang He , Yu Shijian , Xin Lin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to enhance the disaster prevention effect of coal seam water injection technology, in this paper, the structural characteristics of the coal sample under the true mechanical environment of coal seam water injection are measured via nuclear magnetic resonance technology, and the quantitative relation between the theoretical and the experimental pore volume fractal dimension is analyzed based on fractal geometrical theory. The results show that there is a large difference between the porosity of seepage pores and absorption pores, 1.345–2.818% and 6.840–7.940%, respectively, indicating obvious inhomogeneity of the internal structure development. However, their porosities’ overall change with pore water pressure and confining pressure is consistent, that is, increasing confining pressure decreases porosity, while for increasing pore water pressure it is the opposite, and confining pressure and pore water pressure have a greater impact on the seepage pores’ porosity; meanwhile, based on the pore size distribution curves, it can be found that pore water pressure can enlarge pore volume, and confining pressure can reduce pore volume. In addition, seepage pores’ experimental and theoretical fractal dimension values are between 2.920–2.968 and 2.0737–2.2327, respectively, and adsorption pores’ experimental and theoretical fractal dimensions are between 2.296–2.343 and 2.4146–2.4471 respectively. The quantitative relation between theoretical and experimental fractal dimensions is established to achieve a common characterization of the pore structure of a coal body under load via both the theoretical and experimental fractal dimensions.
Early cortical maturation predicts neurodevelopment in very preterm infants
Authors: Kline Julia E , Illapani Venkata Sita Priyanka , He Lili , Altaye Mekibib , Logan John Wells , Parikh Nehal A 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of four objectively defined, cortical maturation features—surface area, gyrification index, sulcal depth and curvature—from structural MRI at term-equivalent age (TEA) to independently predict cognitive and language development at 2 years corrected age in very preterm (VPT) infants.DesignPopulation-based, prospective cohort study. Structural brain MRI was performed at term, between 40 and 44 weeks postmenstrual age and processed using the developing Human Connectome Project pipeline.SettingMulticentre study comprising four regional level III neonatal intensive care units in the Columbus, Ohio region.Patients110 VPT infants (gestational age (GA) ≤ 31 weeks).Main outcome measuresCognitive and language scores at 2 years corrected age on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.ResultsOf the 94 VPT infants with high-quality T2-weighted MRI scans, 75 infants (80%) returned for Bayley-III testing. Cortical surface area was positively correlated with cognitive and language scores in nearly every brain region. Curvature of the inner cortex was negatively correlated with Bayley scores in the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. In multivariable regression models, adjusting for GA, sex, socioeconomic status, and injury score on MRI, regional measures of surface area and curvature independently explained more than one-third of the variance in cognitive and language scores at 2 years corrected age in our cohort.ConclusionsWe identified increased cortical curvature at TEA as a new prognostic biomarker of adverse neurodevelopment in very premature infants. When combined with cortical surface area, it enhanced prediction of cognitive and language development. Larger studies are needed to externally validate our findings.
Gender differences in the effect of diabetes mellitus and its treatment on osteoarthritic pain
Authors: Castano Betancourt Martha Cecilia , Morais Carolina Larissa , Vannucci Nunes Lipay Monica , Aragão Jordani , de Azevedo e Souza Munhoz Marcelo , Gomes Machado Eduardo , Marchi Evaldo 
Published: November 2019

Objective(1) To investigate differences in pain severity and its distribution between patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) in a population with advanced osteoarthritis (OA). (2) To explore the role of medication used for diabetes in these associations.Research design and methodsThis is a hospital-based cohort study of patients with advanced OA requiring total joint arthroplasty. Interviews and electronic records included: age, gender, occupation, DM (including medication and duration), analgesics used, anthropometry, joints affected by pain and disease duration. Joint pain was scored by the patients using numerical rating scale. Pain severity score was calculated by adding the number of joints affected by pain and the maximum pain score. All analyses were adjusted and/or stratified by gender, age and body mass index.ResultsIn total, 489 patients with painful OA were included. From those, 139 patients had DM (30% males and 28% females, p=0.03). Pain severity, principally the number of joints affected by pain, and analgesic consumption, was higher in males with diabetes compared with males without diabetes (p=0.012 and OR=3.03; 95% CI 1.24 to 7.36, p=0.015, respectively). These associations were not significant in females (p=0.41 and p=0.66). Pain was more severe in males using insulin versus those who did not (p=0.025). Male subjects with diabetes had higher odds of hand pain or knee and hand pain compared with males without diabetes (OR=3.7, 95% CI 1.15 to 12; p=0.028 and OR=5.54; 95% CI 1.43 to 21.5, p=0.013, respectively).ConclusionsMales with diabetes, especially those who require insulin, have more severe joint pain and consume more analgesics than males without diabetes or those who have DM and use other DM medication.
Exercise-based rehabilitation for major non-communicable diseases in low-resource settings: a scoping review
Authors: Heine Martin , Lupton-Smith Alison , Pakosh Maureen , Grace Sherry L , Derman Wayne , Hanekom Susan D 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionWhile there is substantial evidence for the benefits of exercise-based rehabilitation in the prevention and management of non-communicable disease (NCD) in high-resource settings, it is not evident that these programmes can be effectively implemented in a low-resource setting (LRS). Correspondingly, it is unclear if similar benefits can be obtained. The objective of this scoping review was to summarise existing studies evaluating exercise-based rehabilitation, rehabilitation intervention characteristics and outcomes conducted in an LRS for patients with one (or more) of the major NCDs.MethodsThe following databases were searched from inception until October 2018: PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and trial registries. Studies on exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer or chronic respiratory disease conducted in an LRS were included. Data were extracted with respect to study design (eg, type, patient sample, context), rehabilitation characteristics (eg, delivery model, programme adaptations) and included outcome measures.ResultsThe search yielded 5930 unique citations of which 60 unique studies were included. Study populations included patients with cardiovascular disease (48.3%), diabetes (28.3%), respiratory disease (21.7%) and cancer (1.7%). Adaptations included transition to predominant patient-driven home-based rehabilitation, training of non-conventional health workers, integration of rehabilitation in community health centres, or triage based on contextual or patient factors. Uptake of adapted rehabilitation models was 54%, retention 78% and adherence 89%. The majority of the outcome measures included were related to body function (65.7%).ConclusionsThe scope of evidence suggests that adapted exercise-based rehabilitation programmes can be implemented in LRS. However, this scope of evidence originated largely from lower middle-income, urban settings and has mostly been conducted in an academic context which may hamper extrapolation of evidence to other LRS. Cost-benefits, impact on activity limitations and participation restrictions, and subsequent mortality and morbidity are grossly understudied.
Quality of life trajectories in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: a national longitudinal study
Authors: Munyombwe Theresa , Hall Marlous , Dondo Tatendashe Bernadette , Alabas Oras A , Gerard Oliver , West Robert M , Pujades-Rodriguez Mar , Hall Alistair , Gale Chris P 
Published: November 2019

AimTo define trajectories of perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and identify factors associated with trajectories.MethodsData on HRQoL among 9566 survivors of AMI were collected from 77 National Health Service hospitals in England between 1 November 2011 and 24 June 2015. Longitudinal HRQoL was collected using the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire measured at hospitalisation, 1, 6 and 12 months post-AMI. Trajectories of perceived HRQoL post-MI were determined using multilevel regression analysis and latent class growth analysis (LCGA).ResultsOne or more percieved health problems in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression was reported by 69.1% (6607/9566) at hospitalisation and 59.7% (3011/5047) at 12 months. Reduced HRQoL was associated with women (−4.07, 95% CI −4.88 to −3.25), diabetes (−2.87, 95% CI −3.87 to −1.88), previous AMI (−1.60, 95% CI −2.72 to −0.48), previous angina (−1.72, 95% CI −2.77 to −0.67), chronic renal failure (−2.96, 95% CI −5.08 to −0.84; −3.10, 95% CI −5.72 to −0.49), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (−3.89, 95% CI −5.07 to −2.72) and cerebrovascular disease (−2.60, 95% CI −4.24 to −0.96). LCGA identified three subgroups of HRQoL which we labelled: improvers (68.1%), non-improvers (22.1%) and dis-improvers (9.8%). Non-improvers and dis-improvers were more likely to be women, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and have long-term health conditions, compared with improvers.ConclusionsQuality of life improves for the majority of survivors of AMI but is significantly worse and more likely to decline for women, NSTEMI and those with long-term health conditions. Assessing HRQoL both in hospital and postdischarge may be important in determining which patients could benefit from tailored interventions.Trial registrationNCT01808027andNCT01819103.
Early famine exposure and adult disease risk based on a 10-year prospective study of Chinese adults
Authors: Meng Ruogu , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Si Jiahui , Nie Jia , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Zhou Liyuan , Liu Yun , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Lv Jun 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo comprehensively examine the potential impacts of prenatal experience of the Chinese Great Famine on chronic disease risks in the middle age.MethodsThis study included 92 284 participants aged 39–51 years from China Kadoorie Biobank born around the famine period and without major chronic diseases at baseline. We categorised participants into non-famine births (born between 1 October 1956 and 30 September 1958, and 1 October 1962 and 30 September 1964) and famine births (born between 1 October 1959 and 30 September 1961). The outcomes were incident cardiovascular disease, cancer and respiratory system disease. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted HR and 95% CI for famine exposure. Subgroup analyses were performed according to baseline characteristics.ResultsDuring a median 10.1 years of follow-up, we identified 4626 incident ischaemic heart disease (IHD) cases, 7332 cerebrovascular disease cases, 3111 cancer cases and 16 081 respiratory system disease cases. In the whole population, prenatal famine exposure was not statistically associated with the risks of developing any chronic diseases in adulthood. However, for urban participants, compared with non-famine births, famine births had a higher risk of cerebrovascular disease (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.28); such association was not shown for rural participants (p for interaction <0.001). Also, we observed the associations of prenatal famine exposure with IHD (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.26) and cerebrovascular disease (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.21) in participants with lower physical activity level, but not in those with higher ones (all p for interaction=0.003).ConclusionOur findings indicate that prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine might be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk and such risk may be modified by adult lifestyle.
Orometry-based terrain analysis and synthesis
Authors: Argudo Oscar , Galin Eric , Peytavie Adrien , Paris Axel , Gain James , Guérin Eric 
Published: November 2019

Mountainous digital terrains are an important element of many virtual environments and find application in games, film, simulation and training. Unfortunately, while existing synthesis methods produce locally plausible results they often fail to respect global structure. This is exacerbated by a dearth of automated metrics for assessing terrain properties at a macro level.
We address these issues by building on techniques from orometry, a field that involves the measurement of mountains and other relief features. First, we construct a sparse metric computed on the peaks and saddles of a mountain range and show that, when used for classification, this is capable of robustly distinguishing between different mountain ranges. Second, we present a synthesis method that takes a coarse elevation map as input and builds a graph of peaks and saddles respecting a given orometric distribution. This is then expanded into a fully continuous elevation function by deriving a consistent river network and shaping the valley slopes. In terms of authoring, users provide various control maps and are also able to edit, reposition, insert and remove terrain features all while retaining the characteristics of a selected mountain range.
The result is a terrain analysis and synthesis method that considers and incorporates orometric properties, and is, on the basis of our perceptual study, more visually plausible than existing terrain generation methods.
Deprecating the TCP macroscopic model
Authors: Mathis Matt , Mahdavi Jamshid 
Published: November 2019

The TCP Macroscopic Model will be completely obsolete soon. It was a closed form performance model for Van Jacobson's landmark congestion control algorithms presented at Sigcomm'88. Jacobson88 requires relatively large buffers to function as intended, while Moore's law is making them uneconomical.
BBR-TCP is a break from the past, unconstrained by many of the assumptions and principles defined in Jacobson88. It already out performs Reno and CUBIC TCP over large portions of the Internet, generally without creating queues of the sort needed by earlier congestion control algorithms. It offers the potential to scale better while using less queue buffer space than existing algorithms.
Because BBR-TCP is built on an entirely new set of principles, it has the potential to deprecate many things, including the Macroscopic Model. New research will be required to lay a solid foundation for an Internet built on BBR.
Antiarrhythmic Drugs or Catheter Ablation in the Management of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Authors: Kheiri Babikir , Barbarawi Mahmoud , Zayed Yazan , Hicks Michael , Osman Mohammed , Rashdan Laith , Kyi Htay Htay , Bachuwa Ghassan , Hassan Mustafa , Stecker Eric C. , Nazer Babak , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
In patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), shocks are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation (CA) in the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) in patients with an ICD.

Methods:
An electronic database search for randomized controlled trials that evaluated antiarrhythmic drugs and CA in patients with ICD was conducted. The primary outcome was recurrent VT. Secondary outcomes were ICD shocks and any deaths. Bayesian and frequentist network meta-analyses were performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs)/CIs.

Results:
Twenty-two randomized controlled trials were identified (3828 total patients; age 64.3±11.4; 79% males). The use of amiodarone was associated with a significantly reduced rate of VT recurrence compared with control (HR=0.34 [95% CrI=0.15–0.74]; absolute risk difference=−0.23 [95% CrI=−0.23 to −0.09]; number needed to treat=4). Sotalol was associated with increased risk of VT recurrence compared with amiodarone (HR=2.88 [95% CrI=1.35–6.46]). Compared with control, amiodarone (HR=0.33 [95% CrI=0.15–0.76]; absolute risk difference=−0.17 [95% CrI=−0.32 to −0.06]; number needed to treat=6) and CA (HR=0.52 [95% CrI=0.30–0.89; absolute risk difference=−0.12 [95% CrI=−0.24 to −0.03]; number needed to treat=8) were associated with significantly reduced ICD shocks. Compared with amiodarone, sotalol was associated with significantly increased ICD shocks (HR=2.70 [95% CrI=1.17−6.71]). The rate of death was not significantly different between the competing strategies. The node-splitting method showed no inconsistency.

Conclusions:
Among patients with an ICD, amiodarone significantly reduced VT recurrence and ICD shocks, while CA reduced ICD shocks. Sotalol significantly increased VT recurrence and ICD shocks compared with amiodarone. The long-term side effects of amiodarone and early complications of CA should be weighed carefully according to specific patient characteristics.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Monitoring in Typing with and without Visual Feedback
Authors: Pinet Svetlana , Nozari Nazbanou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNew theories of monitoring in language production, regardless of their mechanistic differences, all posit monitoring mechanisms that share general computational principles with action monitoring. This perspective, if accurate, would predict that many electrophysiological signatures of performance monitoring should be recoverable from language production tasks. In this study, we examined both error-related and feedback-related EEG indices of performance monitoring in the context of a typing-to-dictation task. To disentangle the contribution of the external from internal monitoring processes, we created a condition where participants immediately saw the word they typed (the immediate-feedback condition) versus one in which displaying the word was delayed until the end of the trial (the delayed-feedback condition). The removal of immediate visual feedback prompted a stronger reliance on internal monitoring processes, which resulted in lower correction rates and a clear error-related negativity. Compatible with domain-general monitoring views, an error positivity was only recovered under conditions where errors were detected or had a high likelihood of being detected. Examination of the feedback-related indices (feedback-related negativity and frontocentral positivity) revealed a two-stage process of integration of internal and external information. The recovery of a full range of well-established EEG indices of action monitoring in a language production task strongly endorses domain-general views of monitoring. Such indices, in turn, are helpful in understanding how information from different monitoring channels are combined.
Exhibiting Mutator VR: Procedural Art Evolves to Virtual Reality
Authors: Latham William , Todd Stephen , Todd Peter , Putnam Lance 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Organic Art (William Latham and Stephen Todd, 1987) was reincarnated by the same authors with programmer and artist Peter Todd as Mutator2 (2013); Mutator2 was transitioned into VR as Mutator VR (2016) with programmer and artist Lance Putnam. The authors describe the graphics and audio systems of these works, particularly the procedural generation and visual effects and the creative exploitation of these effects within an art installation. The authors mix “real” and “unreal” features and effects, inspired by surrealist art, to create highly immersive psychedelic organic experiences for the viewer-participant. Interface simplicity and discoverability is critical for VR exhibitions, as is the balance between an experience constrained by an artist's choices and a freer (but riskier) one with greater public choice. Public gallery installation of Mutator VR creates special challenges.
The Canadian Surface Prediction Archive (CaSPAr): A Platform to Enhance Environmental Modeling in Canada and Globally
Authors: Mai Juliane , Kornelsen Kurt C. , Tolson Bryan A. , Fortin Vincent , Gasset Nicolas , Bouhemhem Djamel , Schäfer David , Leahy Michael , Anctil François , Coulibaly Paulin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Canadian Surface Prediction Archive (CaSPAr) is an archive of numerical weather predictions issued by Environment and Climate Change Canada. Among the products archived on a daily basis are five operational numerical weather forecasts, three operational analyses, and one reanalysis product. The products have hourly to daily temporal resolution and 2.5–50-km spatial resolution. To date the archive contains 394 TB of data while 368 GB of new data are added every night. The data are archived in CF-1.6-compliant netCDF-4 format. The archive is available online (https://caspar-data.ca) since June 2017 and allows users to precisely request data according to their needs, that is, spatial cropping based on a standard shape or uploaded shapefile of the domain of interest and selection of forecast horizons, variables, and issue dates. The degree of customization in CaSPAr is a unique feature relative to other publicly accessible numerical weather prediction archives and it minimizes user download requirements and local processing time. We benchmark the processing time and required storage of such requests based on 216 test scenarios. We also demonstrate how CaSPAr data can be employed to analyze extreme rainfall events. CaSPAr provides access to data that are fundamental for evaluating numerical weather prediction models and demonstrating the improvement in products such as flood and energy demand forecasting systems.