bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Determination of the Isomeric Bromo- and/or Chloro-Substituted l,3-Dihalo-5,5- Dimethylhydantoins Used in Disinfectants and Molluscicides
Authors: Beihoffer Jon , Bour Ed , Lowry Joe H , Reschl John J , Seidel Jivbmy L , Gibson Charles P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H NMR) was used to identify and quantitate the 4 isomeric bromo- and/or chloro-substituted 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins in technical-grade materials used to prepare commercial disinfectants and molluscicides. We found that the technical grades of bromo/chloro-substituted 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins are mixtures of the 4 possible isomers, that interconversion among isomers occurs in solution and can be detected by 1H NMR, and that isomer interconversion occurs over times greater than those of the NMR timescale.
Determination of Lincomycin Residue in Salmon Tissues by Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Luo Wenhong , Hansen Eugene B , Ang Catharina Y W , Thompson Harold C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for detecting and quantitating lincomycin residue in salmon muscle and skin tissues by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrochemical detection at +0.9 V. Lincomycin was extracted from tissues by homogenizing with 0.01 M KH2PO4 buffer (pH 4.5) and centrifuging the mixture. Water-soluble proteins were precipitated by adding sodium tungstate and sulfuric acid and removed by cent r if u gat ion. The buffer extract was then passed through a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge. Lincomycin was eluted with 50% acetonitrile in water, and the eluate containing lincomycin was extracted with ethyl acetate. After the solvent had evaporated, the residue was redissolved in mobile phase and analyzed by LC. The method had a limit of detection of 7 ng/g lincomycin for salmon muscle and 12 ng/g for salmon skin. The limit of quantitation was 17 ng/g for salmon muscle and 24 ng/g for salmon skin. Average recoveries of lincomycin spiked at 50,100, and 200 ng/g were ≥85% for salmon muscle and ≥80% for salmon skin.
Organochlorine and Organophosphonis Pesticide Residues in Food from Egyptian Local Markets
Authors: Dogheim Salwa M , Gad Alla Sohair A , El-Syes Sami M A , Almaz Monir M , Salama Emel Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A market basket survey was conducted to monitor organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in potatoes, citrus fruits, and fish collected from local Egyptian markets. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues for γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in potatoes were exceeded in 8 samples and for DDT in 2 samples. The aging of HCH and DDT indicated a recent use of both pesticides during the potato storage period between cultivation seasons. However, such use is illegal because HCH mixture isomers (gammaxane) and DDT have been officially prohibited from agricultural use in Egypt since 1980. The highest residue levels of fenitrothion (3.8 ppm) in potatoes may be due to its repeated use before and after harvest. No organochlorine pesticide residues were found in citrus fruits. None of the detected organophosphorus pesticides exceeded their MRLs. HCH and DDT residue limits were exceeded in 5 and 7 fish samples, respectively, collected from 12 markets throughout the country. The heptachlor MRL was violated in only one fish sample (3.9 ppm).
Levels of Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Mil, and Zn in Japanese Restaurant and Box Lunches
Authors: Tsuda Taizo , Kojima Mihoko , Harada Hiroyuki , Nakajima Atsuko , Aoki Shigeru 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Intakes of selected elements from restaurant and box lunches in Shiga Prefecture (Japan) were investigated in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Average intakes of these elements from restaurant and box lunches were, respectively, 14 and 12 μg for Cd, 4.6 and 4.5 μg for Hg, 85 and 91 μg, for As, 461 and 561 μg for Cu, 1268 and 1235 μg for Mn, and 3612 and 2688 ug for Zn. There were no great differences between the intakes from the restaurant lunches in 1993 and the box lunches in 1994. The proportion of elements from the lunches constituted 25-38% of the daily intake for Cd, As, Mn, and Zn and 51-65% of the daily intake for Hg.
Homogeneity of Fruits and Vegetables Comminuted in a Vertical Cutter Mixer
Authors: Young Susan J V , Parfitt Charles H , Newell Richard F , Spittler Terry D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The homogeneity of comminuted composites of 20 lb samples of apples, cabbage, and green beans containing field-incurred residues of p,p′-methoxychlor was studied to determine whether a 5 min comminution in a 40 qt vertical cutter mixer produces a homogeneous composite and whether the size of test portions used accurately represents the composite. Duplicate test portions of 100,50,25, 10,5, and 2 g taken from each of 6 separate sections of the mixer were analyzed by standard pesticide residue methodology for p,p′-methoxychlor. Results of this study confirmed that comminution of fresh produce in a 40 qt vertical cutter mixer, according to instructions described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volume 1, section 203B, produces a homogeneous composite. No significant differences were found in the data for the 3 crops taken from the 6 sections of the mixer. Test portion weights of 100, 50, and 25 g produced equivalent results for all 3 crops. Statistically significant differences were observed for cabbage at 2,5, and 10 g and for green beans at 2 g.
Improvement of Calibration Curve for Determining Peroxide Values of Food Lipids by the Modified Ferrous Oxidation-Xylenol Orange Method
Authors: Burat Kutlay M , Bozkurt Onur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The linearity range of the standard Fe+3 calibration curve for measuring lipid hydroperoxides in food samples by the modified ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (mFOX) method was extended from 5-20 μg to 2-40 μg by establishing the best concentration of xylenol orange in the same assay system. Butter, fish oil, and some vegetable oils were analyzed by the International Dairy Federation method and the improved mFOX method, and results were compared.
Determination of Sulfur in Fertilizers by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Spectral and Interelement Effects at Various Wavelengths
Authors: Matilainen Rose , Tummavuori Jouni 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three analytical wavelengths (180.731,182.037, and 182.625 nm) were tested for determination of sulfur in 2 fertilizers by inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Variable S results at 182.037 nm were caused by a downward sloping background shift (Fe line at 181.851 nm) during measurement of the sample solutions. At 182.625 nm an emission peak doublet, 182.619/182.635 nm, was observed from which the instrument selected the measurement peak. A shift from calibrated peak 182.619 nm to noncalibrated peak 182.635 nm occurred when the S/B ratios were ≤22-31 in the fertilizer samples examined. For the 3 wavelengths of S investigated, the pattern of spectral and interelement interference changed at the same wavelength according to the composition of the fertilizer. K, P, and Mg typically caused interelement effects and Ca and B caused spectral effects during S determination. In the interference studies, 180.731 nm proved the best wavelength for the ICP-AES determination of S in fertilizers. Interlaboratory studies showed the accuracy of the method to be ± 6.2% for both water- and acid-soluble S, independent of the measurement wavelength, instrument, and operator.
Two-Day Hydrophobic Grid Membrane Filter Method for Yeast and Mold Enumeration in Foods Using YM-11 Agar: Collaborative Study
Authors: Entis Phyllis ,   Collaborators:, Athar A , Ballenger M , Bendeck M S , Birbari W , Brock G , Curiale M S , Estvander J , Fung D Y C , Green K , Ingham S C , Jafary M M , Jagow J A , Kalinowski R , Kelley G , Lee Y J , Lerner I , Lin C C S , Mendenhall C K , Tomer J , Reyes D , Rivera G , Rudolph C , Ryu J-H , Sado P , Snider J , Soto-Lopez L , Thakur R A H , Watson J , White S A , Wilkin E , Williams W D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Twenty laboratories participated in a collaborative study to validate a 2-day hydrophobic grid membrane filter method using YM-11 agar for enumeration of yeast and mold in foods. Six naturally contaminated food products were included in the study: garlic powder, raw ground beef, walnuts, flour/meal, orange juice, and yogurt. The test method produced significantly higher results than the 5-day pour plate reference method for orange juice and significantly lower, though numerically similar, results for walnuts and yogurt. Differences between the test and reference methods were not significant for garlic powder, raw ground beef, or flour/meal. Repeatability and reproducibility were similar for both the test and reference methods in all cases. The hydrophobic grid membrane filter method for enumeration of yeast and mold in foods has been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Immunoenzymatic Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: International Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Lapeyre Christiane , De Solan Marie-Noelle , Drouet Xavier 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An international interlaboratory study was performed by 13 laboratories to validate a commercially available, rapid enzyme immunoassay for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in foods. The 5 enterotoxin serotypes were detected at a level of 0.5 ng/g in mushrooms and ravioli, 0.8 ng/g in meat, 1 ng/mL in milk, and 1.5 ng/g in raw milk cheese when these foods were artificially contaminated with enterotoxin A. Enterotoxins A, B, C, D, or E were also detected in culture supernatants with no protein A interference when normal rabbit serum was used. This method was validated by the French Normalization Agency for the identification of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods and culture fluids.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Patulin in French Apple Ciders
Authors: Herry Marie P , Lemétayer Nicole 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for detection and quantitation of patulin in French apple ciders. Cider was applied to an Extrelut column; patulin was extracted with ethyl acetate- toluene, and the extract was cleaned up on a Sep-Pak Florisil cartridge. Patulin was detected with a UV photometer at 275 nm. A reversed-phase column and an elution gradient were used for LC separation. Patulin recoveries at 3 levels ranged from 90.4 to 91.7%. Repeatability at 50 and 100 ppb levels did not exceed 15%. The calibration graph was rectilinear from 0.2 to 1 μg/mL patulin working solutions corresponding to 20-100 ppb patulin in sample. The quantitation limit was 10 ppb. The method represents an improvement in selectivity for determination of patulin in a specific matrix such as French apple cider.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Fish Decomposition Indexes from Analyses of Plaice, Whiting, and Herring
Authors: Vallé Michel , Malle Pierre , Bouquelet Stephane 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic (LC) method was used for simultaneous determination of ammonia, cadaverine, histamine, methylamine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, tryptamine, and tyramine. These amines were separated as dansyl chloride derivatives in 22 min on a reversed-phase LC column using a binary elution gradient (water and acetonitrile). Three species of fish (plaice, whiting, and herring) stored in ice at 0C were analyzed to determine new decomposition indexes (ratios), which are less species-dependent than measurements of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), trimethylamine (TMA), and P % (TMA/TVBN).
Determination of Total Avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-Avermectin B1 Residues in Wine by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Cobin Janice A , Johnson Nelson A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for determination of avermectin Bi and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1 residues in wine. The sample is extracted with hexane-acetonitrile and the hexane layer containing the avermectins is concentrated/ purified on an aminopropyl solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The purified extract is derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and the derivatized avermectins are analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of avermectins from wine fortified with approximately 1-25 ng/g avermectin B1a or 8,9-Zavermectin B1a averaged 88 and 102%, respectively. The limit of quantitation is 1 ng/g (signal-to-noise ratio [S/N] &gt; 10) and the limit of detection is 0.5 ng/g (S/N &gt; 3) for each analyte. This procedure provides a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for monitoring the total amount of avermectin residues in wine.
Determination of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Corradini Fulvio , Franchtni Giancarlo , Marchetti Andrea , Preti Carlo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An atomic absorption spectroscopic method is proposed for determination of alkali and alkaline earth metals in Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena (ABTM). Sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium were measured. Determination of these metals in the ABTM matrix can be a problem. High dilution of samples eliminates the need for mineralization.
Determination of Nine Elements in Sherry Wine by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: lópez-Artíguez Miguel , Camean Ana M , Repetto Manuel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A quick and simple method was developed to analyze various "fino" sherry wines for routine determination of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Zn content. The analysis involved heating the wine sample in an oven at 80°C to evaporate the ethanol, followed by sequential determination of the elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The following metal concentrations (mg/L) were obtained: Al, 1.02-4.06; Ca, 85.00-150.00; Cu, 0.06-1.62; Fe, 2.19-4.91; K, 435.02-651.65; Mg, 79.1-108.57; Mn, 0.37-2.13; Na, 27.09-54.26; and Zn, 0.12-5.08. Mean recoveries of elements from fortified wines were 101.6% for Al, 103.6% for Ca, 97.4% for Cu, 100.3% for Fe, 100.7% for K, 103.6% for Mg, 99.1% for Mn, 105.7% for Na, and 99.99% for Zn. The estimated detection limits were 15.2 μg Al/L, 39.9 μg Ca/L, 20.1 μg Cu/L, 19.1 μg Fe/L, 116.4 μg K/L, 20.3 μg Mg/L, 20.2 μg Mn/L, 34.6 μg Na/L, and 25.4 μg Zn/L. The repeatability relative standard deviation ranged from 1.1 (Mg) to 5.3% (Na), and the reproducibility relative standard deviation ranged from 2.0 (Mg) to 9.3% (Al). The results were compared with those obtained y flame atomic absorption spectrometry and, for Al, by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. By the method for regression lines we demonstrated that no differences in concentrations were obtained for any of the elements assayed. The proposed method is rapid and simple, needs only a small amount of sample, and has acceptable analytical characteristics.
Extraction Methods for Recovery of Volatile Organic Compounds from Fortified Dry Soils
Authors: Minnich Marti M , Zimmerman John H , Schumacher Brian A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recovery of 8 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from dry soils, each fortified at 800 ng/g soil, was studied in relation to the extraction method and time of extraction. Extraction procedures studied on 2 desiccator-dried soils were modifications of EPA low- and high-level purge-and-trap extractions (SW-846 Method 5030A): treatment 1, unmodified low-level procedure; treatment 2,18 h water presoak followed by low-level procedure; treatment 3, 24 h methanol extract at room temperature followed by high-level procedure; and treatment 4, 24 h methanol extract at 65°C followed by highlevel procedure. VOC recoveries from replicate soil samples increased in the treatment order 1 through 4. With Charleston soil (8% clay and 3.8% organic carbon), highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) in recoveries among treatments were observed for trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene, with 2- to 3- fold increased recoveries between treatments 1 and 3. With Hayesville soil (32% clay and 0.2% organic carbon), significant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in recoveries of toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, TCE, and PCE were observed for heated methanol (treatment 4) rather than water extraction (treatment 1), but the increases were less than 2-fold.
Screening of Nonfatty Fish for Organochlorine Pesticide Residues by Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Schenck Frank J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Six U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratories participated in an interlaboratory trial of a solidphase extraction cleanup method for determination of pesticides in nonfatty seafood products. The participants analyzed control and fortified (about 0.050 ppm lindane, heptachlor epoxide, p,p′-DDE, and endrin) croaker and flounder samples and a sea trout sample containing incurred p,p′-DDE residues. Mean recoveries of the fortified residues from the fish ranged from 89.1 to 107.8%. The within-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 4.2 to 8.5%, and the among-laboratory CVs ranged from 10.9 to 26.5%. The 6 laboratories reported a mean value of 0.040 ppm p,p′-DDE in a fish sample which contained incurred residues. The same value (0.040 ppm) was obtained by using official methodology. The within-laboratory CVs ranged from 3.5 to 18.3%, and the among-laboratory CV was 17.3%.
Rapid Determination of Imazapyr in Corn by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Electron Capture Negative Ion Chemical Ionization
Authors: Stout Steven J , Dacunha Adrian R , Fletcher J Shahn , Picard Gerald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Imazapyr, an imidazolinone class herbicide, was developed recently for weed control in imidazolinonetolerant corn. Current methods for determining imidazolinone herbicides in crops involve laborious, time-consuming cleanup procedures after extraction. We developed an extremely simple cleanup procedure for imazapyr in corn commodities after extraction with acidic acetone-water by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with electron capture negative ion chemical ionization for final detection. Method sensitivity was 50 ppb, with controls showing &lt;5 ppb. Average recoveries from corn forage, fodder, and grain were 98,106, and 101%, respectively.
Physicochemical Data for Some Selected Fusarium Toxin
Authors: Sydenham Eric W , Thiel Pieter G , Vleggaar Robert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fusarium toxins are a major group of secondary metabolites, produced by several species, that may contaminate food cereals and animal feeds. We describe results of a study in which a number of physicochemical constants for 12 important Fusarium mycotoxins (zearalenone, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, neosolaniol monoacetate, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, moniliformin, fusarenon-X, HT-2 toxin, and β-zearalenol) were determined. Nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometric, UV spectral, molar absorption coefficients, fluorescence spectra, melting points, and specific rotation data are presented.
Determination of Carbohydrates in Soluble (Instant) Coffee by Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection: Summary of Collaborative Study
Authors: Prodolliet Jacques , Bugner Emmanuel , Feevberg Max 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to validate a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining free and total (after acid hydrolysis) carbohydrate profile of soluble (instant) coffee. Carbohydrates were separated on a pellicular anion-exchange column with pure water as mobile phase and detected by pulsed amperometry. Precisions in determining free and total carbohydrates were very similar. Average RSDr and RSDR values were 4.5 and 14.3%, respectively, for carbohydrate levels &gt;0.3%, with individual values ranging, respectively, from 2.2 to 4.6% and 9.9 to 24.2% for mannitol, 1.6 to 7.3% and 4.9 to 21.1 % for arabinose, 1.7 to 8.1 % and 4.1 to 12.9% for galactose, 2.4 to 8.7% and 6.1 to 24.3% for glucose, 1.8 to 6.8% and 10.0 to 11.6% for sucrose, 3.7 to 7.4% and 22.5 to 27.8% for xylose, 2.0 to 7.0% and 10.6 to 24.4% for mannose, and 2.9 to 5.2% and 15.5 to 18.4% for fructose (free form only). The technique's precision was considered good, taking into account the usual peak integration problems always encountered in LC procedures, the low levels of free carbohydrates, the hydrolysis step, and the relative lack of experience of most participating laboratories. Except for the pair rhamnose/arabinose, the method allows good and reproducible separation of carbohydrates found in soluble coffee and, therefore, is suitable for routine analysis. The anion-exchange chromatographic method with pulsed amperometry for determining carbohydrates in soluble (instant) coffee has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Determination of Total Phosphorus in Foods by Colorimetry: Summary of NMKL Collaborative Study
Authors: Pulliainen T Katrhna , Wallin Harriet C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to validate a spectrophotometric–colorimetric method for determining total phosphorus in foods. The sample was dry-ashed in the presence of zinc oxide, and total phosphorus content was measured colorimetrically as molybdenum blue. Twelve laboratories from the Nordic countries participated in the study. The test materials included potato flour, sausage, cold ham, infant formula powder, cheese, and skimmed milk powder. Participants received 12 randomly coded samples of 2 blind duplicates of each material. Phosphorus contents of materials varied between 0.076 and 0.96 g/100 g. Relative standard deviations for repeatability of the method varied from 1.1% for 0.96 g phosphorus/100 g to 5.4% for 0.29 g phosphorus/100 g. Relative standard deviations for reproducibility varied from 3.6% for 0.96 g phosphorus/100 g to 7.7% for 0.23 g phosphorus/100 g. The colorimetric method for determination of total phosphorus in foods has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL as an NMKUAOAC INTERNATIONAL method.
Determination of Ttace Levels of Dichlorprop, Mecoprop, Clofibric Acid, and Naphthylacetic Acid in Soil by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Selected-Ion Monitoring
Authors: Heberer Thomas , Stan Hans-Juergen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A sensitive analytical method was developed for determining trace levels of dichlorprop, mecoprop, clofibric acid, and naphthylacetic acid in soil samples. The method applies extraction with acetone and aqueous acetic acid followed by solid-phase extraction as the first cleanup step. After target analytes are derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl bromide, they are determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry with selectedion monitoring. Further cleanup of sample extract by gel permeation chromatography prevented the GC system from being contaminated with matrix compounds, although in most cases, it was not necessary. Limits of detection and quantitation as low as 0.1 and 1 ppb, respectively, were achieved. Recoveries of all analytes were &gt;90%, with relative standard deviations of &lt;10%.