bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binary star detection in the open cluster King 1 field
Authors: Saleh Parvej Reja , Hazarika Debasish , Dar Ajaz Ahmad , Parihar Padmakar Singh , Saikia Eeshankur 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A rarely studied open cluster, King 1 is observed using the 1.3-m telescope equipped with a 2k × 4k CCD at Vainu Bappu Observatory, India. We analyze the photometric data obtained from CCD observations in both B and V bands. Out of 132 detected stars in the open cluster King 1 field, we have identified four stellar variables, and two among them are reported as newly detected binary systems. The parallax values from Gaia DR2 suggest that the open cluster King 1 is in the background of these two detected binary systems, falling along the same line of sight, giving rise to different parallax values. Periodogram analysis was carried out using Phase Dispersion Minimization (PDM) and the Lomb-Scargle (LS) method for all the detected variables. PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs (PHOEBE) is extensively employed to model various stellar parameters of both the detected binary systems. Based on the modeling results obtained from this work, one of the binary systems is reported for the first time as an Eclipsing Detached (ED) and the other as an Eclipsing Contact (EC) binary of W-type W UMa.
Investigation on the impact of papaya biodiesel-diesel blends on combustion of an agricultural CI engine
Authors: Anwar M , Rasul M G , Ashwath N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, an overview of combustion characteristics of an agricultural diesel engine fuelled with papaya seed oil (PSO) biodiesel and diesel is presented. A naturally aspirated four-cylinder four-stroke tractor engine was used for all experiments. Various PSO blends (5%, 10%, and 20%) were tested and compared with diesel at speeds of 1400 rpm and 2400 rpm at full load condition. The combustion characteristics such as in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, ignition delay, mass fraction burned, ignition duration and cylinder temperature were tested. The results show that PSO blends have some excellent attributes as fuel in regard to combustion characteristics. All PSO biodiesel blends have higher in-cylinder pressure; for example, PSO20 has 2.4% more than diesel. Heat release rate values of all PSO biodiesel blends were found to be lower than diesel due to the shorter ignition delay and lower calorific values of biodiesel. PSO20 biodiesel shows faster combustion than diesel by about 11.92% at 1400 rpm and 7.93% at 2400 rpm. The maximum cylinder temperature of all PSO biodiesel blends are also higher than that of diesel, such as PSO20 at 1400 rpm by 3.17% and at 2400 rpm by 3.73%.
Delignification of oil palm empty fruit bunch via ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent pretreatment
Authors: Quek Joo Ding , Lee Kiat Moon , Lim Steven , Tey Wah Yen , Kang Hooi-Siang , Quen Lee Kee 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Lignin is the complex organic polymers contain in lignocellulosic biomass, acting as structural support of the biomass. Its presence making the biomass recalcitrance to bioprocessing. Therefore, pretreatment is essential in removing the lignin content to enhance the sugar extraction and bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was performed. Three types of DESs, namely choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl-LA), choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-G) and choline chloride-urea (ChCl-U) in delignification were studied. The pretreatment was conducted with the presence of ultrasonication. The DESs recyclability were also performed in this work. ChCl-LA exhibited the best delignification properties, in which ChCl-LA pretreated OPEFB had the lowest total lignin content of 18.8%, followed by ChCl-U (19.4%) and ChCl-G (21.2%). All the three DESs were successfully recycled with slight decrement in delignification performance after two recycles. The recyclability of the DESs would improve the economic feasibility of the pretreatment process.
Kinetic model of biogas production from co-digestion of Thai rice noodle wastewater with rice husk and different type of manure with ash supplement
Authors: Jijai Sunwanee , Muleng Saina , Noynoo Laddawan , Siripatana Chairat 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In recent decades up to now, researches on alternative energies have been intensified particularly those on biomethane and biohydrogen from agriculture wastes and municipal wastes. The objective of this research was to study the biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of Thai rice noodle wastewater with rice husk and different types of animal manure (chicken manure, cow manure, and quail manure), with and without ash supplement. There were 27 experiments conducted in batch digesters at room temperature (28-30 °C) and each experiment was triplicated. Each digester contained 10 g of animal manure, 10 g of rice husk, and 200 ml total working volumes of Thai rice noodle wastewater. Five different amounts of ashes (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g) were supplemented. The results showed that the co-digestion of Thai rice noodle wastewater with chicken manure, rice husk, and 6 g of ash supplement gave the highest methane percentage, cumulative methane production and bio-methane potential (BMP): average value of 71.5%, 1,846 mL and 311.2 mLCH4/gVSremoved respectively. This co-digestion gave the initial pH of 7.0 and it was sustained in an optimal range (pH 6.8-7.5) until the digestion stopped (45 days). Slow release of nutrients from slowly digestible substrates helped to balance the digestion steps, sustaining pH to around 7. In contrary, other sub-optimal ratios produced the final pH was lower than its initial pH, and the AD process could fail or produced less methane. In the kinetic study, it was also found that traditional Gompertz and Monod-type models for single substrate digestion could not describe the biogas evolution curve satisfactory. Two-substrate models were used instead and able to describe the experimental data very well.
Assessment of the bioenergy policy for the sustainable development of rural-based bioenergy systems in Zambia
Authors: Kaoma M , Gheewala S H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Traditional biomass remains the primary energy source in rural Zambia – providing 98% of the energy needs. Its use is unsustainable, inefficient, and leads to harmful emissions with serious health implications, and deforestation. Modern bioenergy systems offer viable energy supply alternatives - but only if sustainably developed. Among other causes, the limited provision of modern bioenergy in rural areas is attributed to an ineffective public policy for promoting these systems in Zambia. Accordingly, this study evaluates the policy in place that seeks to promote sustainable bioenergy systems for rural areas in Zambia through the analysis of related strategies. It is observed that one of the significant weaknesses of the bioenergy policy framework is its lack of consideration of the bioenergy supply chains. These are influenced by four main elements – i.e., feedstock availability, conversion technology, intermediate energy carriers, and energy service demands - that considerably differ across rural localities within districts. Thus, the bioenergy policy-making process should be considered at such subnational levels (district). A suggestion that is well-aligned with the country’s decentralized governance agenda that is being implemented. Considering that there are numerous rural communities within a district and that information regarding the different elements of the bioenergy supply chain is required for the local government policy-making process, a framework to guide the generation of such information has been proposed.
Application of 3D printed structured materials as the sound absorption panels
Authors: King Yeong-Jin , Teo Keng-Kai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The human living standard has been increasing day-by-day. Not only the building energy performance has to meet a high expectation, but the noise quality of a building has to be par with it. Sound absorption is one of the key elements in determining the quality of the acoustics performance in a room. A room with high background noise and high reverberant time will affect the comfort level of the occupants in the room. Hence, a well-designed room with acoustics treatment is required. The sound absorptive materials play an important role in reducing the overall sound pressure level in the room. Conventionally sound absorber materials are porous and resonator. With the advancement of the addictive technology, the sound insulation materials can be further improved and optimized with 3D printed structured materials. Two 3D printed structured designs have been developed in this study and were printed out by using fused deposited modelling in 3D printing technology. The two designs are micro perforated design (MPP) and porous design. The structured materials have been tested for its sound absorption ability using the sound impedance tube. The frequency range tested is between 100 Hz to 6400 Hz. In conclusion, micro perforated design (MPP) model has a very good sound absorptive behavior at the low frequency at 4000Hz and below, whereas the porous model is effective at high frequency at the 2500Hz and above. Through the study, the perforation ratio is found to be closely related to the peak sound absorption coefficient frequency. The peak frequency is reduced with the increase of the perforation ratio. The gap between the 3D printed structured materials and end wall also play the important role. The larger the gap, the lower the peak absorptive frequency.
Utilization of waste material for aerated autoclaved concrete production: A preliminary review
Authors: Rahman R.A. , Fazlizan A. , Asim N. , Thongtha A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) has become more attractive in construction due to its excellent environmentally friendly in building construction. Due to its increasing applications, the AAC wastes become abundance in construction site. Apparently, recycling the concrete waste powder to a wall concrete, particularly an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) was not frequently practiced in construction and moreover no study has been carried out yet. AAC is relatively lightweight, having lower thermal conductivity, higher heat resistance, lower shrinkage, and faster in construction process compared to normal concrete. AAC concrete is a combination of silica sand, cement, lime, water and an expansion agent. To improve its physical and mechanical properties and to reduce its production cost, tremendous innovation which used waste materials as partial replacement of AAC materials have been done. From these innovations, the use of recycled AAC as a partial replacement for wall concrete has not been carried out yet. This paper is intended to classify the literatures on the innovations that have been done on replacement in AAC materials to enhance its physical and mechanical properties and thermal performance. The physical properties in terms of its microstructure and the mechanical properties such as density, compressive strength, water absorption are presented to classify the investigation that has been done in such innovations. Apart of that, the discussion on innovations to improve its thermal performance also presented. To conclude, up to now, there is no attempt on using the recycled AAC waste powder as a partial replacement in AAC as a wall concrete is reported.
CO2 emissions from electricity generation in ASEAN: An empirical spatial-temporal index decomposition analysis
Authors: Goh Tian , Ang B W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a developing region that is poised to be one of the key contributors to rising CO2 emissions in the future. In particular, the electricity sector’s emissions have risen by 2.4 times since 2000 and may increase by another 2.6 times by 2040, motivated by the burgeoning regional energy demand. If realised, this growth in CO2 emissions could stall global climate mitigation and sustainability efforts. The electricity sector, however, has a large potential for decarbonization. To reveal the driving factors of historical trends, spatial-temporal index decomposition analyses (ST-IDA) based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) is applied to analyse ASEAN’s aggregate carbon intensity (ACI) of electricity from 2000 to 2015. The technique combines temporal and spatial data to reveal the factors influencing regional trends and allow for comparisons across countries. The results show that in the face of rapidly rising electricity demands, many ASEAN countries have failed to maintain consistent improvements in the ACI through the adoption of renewable energy or improvement in generation mix. While some countries have switched to cleaner forms of generation such as natural gas, varying energy resource endowments, national circumstances and energy demand trends are challenges to the adoption of renewable energy. Pressures from energy demand and technological challenges also prevent some countries from sustaining overall improvements in generation efficiencies of fossil fuel plants. Improving energy planning, demand management and greater regional cooperation are key to the decarbonisation of the electricity system.
Analysis and improvement on reliability of 66/11 kV distribution substation and its associated feeders: A case study of Lainchour substation in Nepal
Authors: Oli Sabin , Neupane Bodh Nath , Shrestha Namrata Tusuju , Mishra Brajesh , Shrestha Pramish 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Electric power interruption is becoming a day to day phenomenon in our distribution system. For distribution system to be effective there should be less outage in the system and if fault occur these faults should be cleared as soon as possible. Sustained power interruption occurs several times a day from few minutes to hours. Interruptions may be due to failure of substation equipment or failure of distribution network elements. This paper attempts to identify different causes of interruption and problems that customers in Nepal have been facing due to frequent planned and unplanned sustained interruptions by evaluating various reliability indices and parameters of Lainchaur distribution substation and its associated feeders operated under Nepal Electricity Authority. First, reliability analysis of substation configuration only is done followed by analysis of reliability improvement measures like use of double bus bar, parallel distribution feeders and underground cables in DIgSILENT PowerFactory only considering sustained failures of equipment and feeders. Calculated reliability indices like System Average interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), Energy Not Served (ENS) are compared for different cases so that it will be easy to make choice between options to the utility to upgrade/improve the system. Considering all feeders, result shows that main cause of interruption in the distribution system is failure of distribution lines showing 104 interruptions for total duration of 107 hours per annum in the system, followed by failure of distribution transformers indicating 19 interruptions for total duration of 47 hours per annum. Simulation result in DIgSILENT shows yearly total ENS of distribution system is high due to present configuration, and can be reduced by the use of parallel feeders and underground cables respectively. It is seen that ENS due to failure of substation components only is very low and huge revenues can be saved if auto-reclosures are used or a provision of charging feeders as soon as possible is made.
Multi-objective optimal synthesis of algal biorefineries toward a sustainable circular bioeconomy
Authors: Solis C A , Mayol A P , San Juan J G , Ubando A T , Culaba A B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Production of biodiesel from renewable resources like microalgae biomass presents a potential for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel energy consumption. The integration of processes from other industries have been implemented in microalgal biorefineries to increase economic sustainability by co-producing several high-value algal-based products. Agro-industrial processes have the potential to be incorporated into the biorefinery because it requires input material flows from other biorefinery process units to cultivate and sell crops for an additional source of revenue and increased carbon sequestration, while generating wastewater that may be used as a cultivation medium for algae or as a resource for other biorefinery processes. Circular bioeconomy, an extension of the circular economy ideology, has the goal of achieving economic and environmental sustainability through maximizing the dedicated recirculation of resource flows, and minimizing waste generation and end-of-life disposal. However, existing modelling studies have not explored this opportunity; previous studies have not considered that resource functionality runs out with repeated recirculation and reuse as it reaches its end of life. In this work, a novel multi-objective optimization model is developed to design and manage closed-loop algal biorefineries integrating agro-industrial processes that captures the effect of recirculation on resource material viability and end-of-life environmental impact. A case study is solved as proof of concept and to illustrate the design methodology, optimal solutions based on economic and environmental performance are analyzed. The results of the case study validate the initial hypothesis that there is a conflict between the economic and environmental objectives since the decision for biofuel production varied for each single objective. With the multi objective model, a balance between the two objectives was found. The results of the optimization model can be applied in the design of an algal biorefinery along with the decisions relating to production quantities incorporating a zero waste outlook.
Combustion characteristics of direct injection hydrogen in noble gases atmosphere
Authors: Taib Norhidayah Mat , Abu Mansor Mohd Radzi , Wan Mahmood Wan Mohd Faizal 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen combustion in the internal combustion engine (ICE) has currently taken part in the transportation industry due to its environmentally friendly and high engine thermal efficiency. Hydrogen direct injection introduction in the internal combustion engine eliminates the harmful emission from carbon and improves engine stability. The substitution from nitrogen to noble gases for the intake will solve the high auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen in compression ignition (CI) engine problem. This paper intended to study the combustion characteristics of direct injection hydrogen in oxygen-noble gas atmosphere such as argon and helium to find the suitable engine and injection parameters for the optimum engine efficiency. The simulation conducted using Converge CFD V2.4 software based on Yanmar NF19K direct injection CI engine. The simulation was done for different oxygen-noble gases such as argon, neon, and helium, while the injection timing and ambient temperature were modified to optimize the hydrogen combustion characteristics. The study found that noble gases help to increase the in-cylinder temperature and ignite the hydrogen. The study also found that early injection timing results in the highest in-cylinder pressure. Besides, increasing ambient temperature for intake decreases the in-cylinder pressure and lengthen the ignition delay. Therefore, the most suitable injection parameter for the most optimum hydrogen combustion characteristics is 380 K ambient temperature, early injection timing at -10°CA, and higher injection pressure. Helium produced higher in-cylinder peak pressure compared to argon due to its high specific heat ratio. Hence, further consideration of helium and good injection strategies should be applied for better engine thermal efficiency.
Effect on changing of intake temperature to hydrogen-methane-diesel mixture combustion characteristics
Authors: Sabah Osama , Mohammad Taib Iskandar , Abu Mansor Mohd Radzi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ultra clean fuels generally used along with the conventional fuels such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and hydrogen. The implementation of these alternatives can help take care to the high demand of environment friendly vehicles. These natural gas fuels when blended with diesel are expected to decrease emissions along-with reduction of the petroleum fuel consumption. Diesel mixed with hydrogen and methane in different concentrations enhances the performance and efficiency of vehicles. A numerical study were conducted to observe the impact of diesel mixed with hydrogen and methane (dual or tri-fuel) in the combustion process. Intake temperature was increased in between 303 K to 338 K. The simulation of the combustion process used ANSYS Fluent software based on a Yanmar L100AED single-cylinder engine parameter. The simulation conducted with engine speed of 1500 rpm, compression ratio (CR) = 19.3, and λ = 1.2 at different intake temperatures. The results compared the combustion process between a baseline fuel (100% diesel) and diesel-hydrogen-methane tri-fuel. The study found that the optimum intake temperature to enhance performance relies on a concentration of gaseous mixed with diesel. The highest performance and efficiency were obtained at 318 K intake temperature using tri-fuel of 60D-28H-12CH4. From the in-cylinder pressure and temperature, results show increased in performance when the amount of hydrogen increased at the intake temperature. In conclusion, increasing the intake temperature and the use of tri-fuel in a direct ignition engine significantly improved the performance and efficiency of the engine.
Catalytic activity of Pt/graphene prepared by strong electrostatic adsorption technique for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Sukanya P , Konlayutt P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell development, the catalytic activity requires the smaller particle size, the better metal dispersion, the higher conductivity and the longer durability. With these, platinum on graphene was synthesized using the strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) technique. The pH shifts of graphene was evaluated and the point of zero charge (PZC) was obtained at pH about 5.2. This was a mid-low PZC, where the positive charge of Pt (i.e, platinum tetraamine, [NH3]4Pt2+or PTA) was chosen as the metal precursor. The adsorption of PTA precursor on graphene was carried out at pH of 12 for one hour at room temperature. PTA on graphene was reduced in hydrogen environment, and transferred to Pt metal particle. The adsorption and reduction steps were repeat until the Pt metals percentage closed to 20%wt Pt/C (i.e, 19.3 % wt. for this work). The prepared Pt/graphene catalyst shows the smaller particle size that average particle size as 2.4 nm and highly better dispersion than the Pt/C-commercial. The Pt metal dispersion on the graphene support were inspected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystal structures and crystalline size were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the electrochemical properties were tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the accelerated durability test (ADT) was also carried out after 4000 cycles of reduction and oxidation reaction. Finally, the results were compared with the 20% wt. Pt/C-commercial catalysts. It was observed that the oxidation reduction reaction (ORR) activity in terms of mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) were better than Pt/C-commercial.