bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced‐order modeling of flow and concentration polarization in membrane systems with permeation
Authors: Chan Foo Sheng , Tan Chee Keong , Ratnayake Pesila , Liang Yong Yeow 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModeling of concentration polarization (CP) is important to ensure a successful membrane system design. Although computational fluid dynamics (CFD) remains a common approach to study CP, it usually requires a long computational time to investigate a short simulated time in membrane systems. In this work, we proposed a reduced‐order model to predict CP in membrane systems with permeation. We modify Berman's velocity profile and incorporated it to the reduced‐order model of the mass‐transfer equation. The proposed model shows excellent agreement with CFD results, while offering a reduction of two orders of magnitude in computational time. We also validate the model with published experimental data and demonstrate that the model can predict permeate flux in close proximity under various operating conditions. The proposed model offers an attractive alternative to solving the full Navier–Stokes and mass‐transfer equations, and opens the possibility to further investigate various approaches to reduce concentration polarization.
Ecophysiological differentiation between two invasive species ofCarpobrotuscompeting under different nutrient conditions
Authors: Campoy Josefina G. , Roiloa Sergio R. , Santiso Xabier , Retuerto Rubén 
Published: October 2019

PremiseHybridization between the South African invasive speciesCarpobrotus edulisandC. acinaciformisin Europe has led to the formation of highly aggressive morphotypes referred to in the scientific literature as the new large “hybrid swarm”C. aff.acinaciformis. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether the taxonomic differentiation between taxa coincides with ecophysiological differentiation. With this aim, we tested for differences between both morphotypes in functional traits related to competitive ability and resource‐use efficiency. Assuming that the complex hybridC. aff.acinaciformisis more vigorous, depends more strongly on vegetative reproduction, and invests less in sexual reproduction thanC. edulis, we predicted that the hybrid would show higher competitive ability and better physiological performance compared with the species.MethodsWe used a comparative ecophysiological approach to assess the extent to which twoCarpobrotusmorphotypes coexisting in northwestern Spain differ in physiological, reproductive, and growth traits when competing under different soil nutrients in controlled greenhouse conditions.ResultsC. aff.acinaciformishad a greater relative growth rate and water‐use and photochemical efficiencies compared toC. edulis. However,C. edulisappeared to be more responsive to incremental change in soil nutrients thanC. aff.acinaciformis. They also differed in the amount of resources invested in reproduction.ConclusionsThe study findings demonstrate that the taxonomic differentiation between taxa corresponds to ecophysiological differentiation, warranting a detailed examination of all existing trades‐offs to predict the long‐term outcomes of the interaction between these taxa.
Iron‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Inter‐ and Intramolecular Aerobic Oxidative Dearomatizing Spirocyclization of 2‐Naphthols
Authors: Oguma Takuya , Doiuchi Daiki , Fujitomo Chisaki , Kim Chungsik , Hayashi Hiroki , Uchida Tatsuya , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHighly chemo‐ and enantioselective inter‐ and intra‐molecular oxidative dearomatizing spirocyclization of 1‐alkyl‐2‐naphthols with O2 as the hydrogen acceptor was achieved using an iron catalyst. In the iron complex 1‐catalyzed reaction, 1‐methyl‐2‐naphthols 2 in the presence of phenol derivatives as the nucleophile was selectively oxidized, producing the spirocyclic ketones with good to high enantioselectivities via a tandem strategy. Pre‐synthesized 1,1′‐methylbis(arenol)s 6 and 7, intermediates of the tandem strategy were also converted to the desired products with chemo‐ and enantioselectivity.
Relationship between the depressive state of emergency life‐saving technicians and near‐misses
Authors: Honno Katsumi , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2019

AimA depressive state is a key risk factor for medical errors made by emergency life‐saving technicians (ELSTs). However, no study has examined the occurrence of near‐misses in ELSTs. We investigated the association between a depressive state and near‐misses among ELSTs.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was undertaken in 345 ELSTs using an anonymous self‐administered questionnaire. The main exposure was a depressive state that was measured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. For the main outcome, near‐miss events, we calculated odds ratios (OR) of depressive states, adjusted for age and work‐related factors by multivariable logistic regression. For exploratory purposes, we also undertook secondary analyses to determine whether work‐related factors were associated with a depressive state.ResultsWe obtained 254 responses. Compared to ELSTs without a depressive state, the adjusted OR for near‐misses among ELSTs with a mild depressive state was 3.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–7.16; P = 0.007), and that among ELSTs with a moderate or greater depressive state was 5.29 (95% CI, 1.46–19.09; P = 0.011). For a depressive state, in the exploratory analyses, the OR of nap duration while on duty for less than 2 h was 3.34 (95% CI, 1.15–9.67; P = 0.027), that for irregular mealtime while on duty was 3.71 (95% CI, 2.00–6.86; P < 0.001), and that for a duration of desk work of 4 h or longer was 2.21 (95% CI, 1.15–4.25; P = 0.017).ConclusionA depressive state was significantly associated with the occurrence of near‐misses among ELSTs. That a depressive state among ELSTs was related to nap duration and excessive office work indicates that improved management of the work environment and operations of ELSTs is necessary for the provision of safe emergency medical services.
The Cytotoxic Natural Product Vioprolide A Targets Nucleolar Protein 14, Which Is Essential for Ribosome Biogenesis
Authors: Kirsch Volker C. , Orgler Christina , Braig Simone , Jeremias Irmela , Auerbach David , Müller Rolf , Vollmar Angelika M. , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNovel targets are needed for treatment of devastating diseases such as cancer. For decades, natural products have guided innovative therapies by addressing diverse pathways. Inspired by the potent cytotoxic bioactivity of myxobacterial vioprolides A–D, we performed in‐depth studies on their mode of action. Based on its prominent potency against human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, we conducted thermal proteome profiling (TPP) and deciphered the target proteins of the most active derivative vioprolide A (VioA) in Jurkat cells. Nucleolar protein 14 (NOP14), which is essential in ribosome biogenesis, was confirmed as a specific target of VioA by a suite of proteomic and biological follow‐up experiments. Given its activity against ALL cells compared to healthy lymphocytes, VioA exhibits unique therapeutic potential for anticancer therapy through a novel mode of action.
Polymer‐clay nanocomposite hydrogels for molecular irrigation application
Authors: Rezazadeh Behnam , Sirousazar Mohammad , Abbasi‐Chianeh Vahid , Kheiri Farshad 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTNovel nanocomposite hydrogel pipes on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol and montmorillonite (MMT) clay were prepared via a cyclic freezing–thawing technique and designed for subsurface irrigation in the agricultural sector with extraordinarily reduced water consumption. The results showed that the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel pipes had an exfoliated morphology with improved mechanical and thermal properties. It was shown that the gel contents of nanocomposite hydrogel pipes were increased by increasing the loading level of MMT and, in contrast, the swelling and drying abilities decreased. The water permeation and irrigating performances of the prepared pipes were investigated at the laboratory scale by taking into account the effects of the MMT loading levels in nanocomposite hydrogels and the thickness of pipes. The results indicated a significant decrease in water consumption in nanocomposite hydrogel pipes compared to the pure hydrogel pipe. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48631.
Characteristics of effective marine protected areas in Hawaiʻi
Authors: Friedlander Alan M. , Donovan Mary K. , Koike Haruko , Murakawa Paul , Goodell Whitney 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Ancient Hawaiians developed sophisticated natural resource management systems that included various forms of spatial management.
The state of Hawaiʻi established its first legislated marine protected area (MPA) in 1953, and today there exists a patchwork of spatial marine management strategies along a range of sizes, with varying levels of governance, enforcement, and effectiveness.
Approximately 12% of waters within the 50 m depth contour and 5% of waters within state jurisdiction (≤3 nmi) have some form of marine management. No‐take areas make up <0.5% of nearshore waters, and combined with highly protected areas account for 3.4% of this habitat. Most of the existing MPAs are small, with a median area of 1.2 km2 (confidence interval 0.2–8.1).
Twenty‐five datasets, representing 1,031 individual surveys conducted throughout Hawaiʻi since 2000, were used to compare fish assemblage characteristics amongst a subset of MPAs using a regulation‐based protection classification scheme.
Fully and highly protected areas had significantly greater resource fish biomass than areas with intermediate or low protection did. High human population density adjacent to MPAs had a negative influence on fish trophic structure within MPAs, whereas remote MPAs harboured higher fish biomass. Complex and heterogeneous habitats were important contributors to MPA effectiveness.
Long‐term monitoring of select MPAs showed mixed and complex trajectories. Resource fish biomass increased after the establishment of the Hanauma Bay Marine Life Conservation District in 1967 but plateaued after ~15 years, followed by changes in assemblage structure from fish feeding and invasive species. The Pūpūkea Marine Life Conservation District, established in 1983, was expanded sevenfold in 2003 and showed dramatic increases in resource fish biomass following increased protection.
This information is critical to improving effectiveness of existing MPAs, helping inform ongoing efforts to implement a network of MPAs statewide, and aiding in the development of comprehensive statewide marine spatial planning.
Surfing and marine conservation: Exploring surf‐break protection as IUCN protected area categories and other effective area‐based conservation measures
Authors: Scheske Christel , Arroyo Rodriguez Mara , Buttazzoni Juan Esteban , Strong‐Cvetich Nik , Gelcich Stefan , Monteferri Bruno , Rodríguez Luis Felipe , Ruiz Manuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The expansion of surfing as a multibillion‐dollar industry and sport has, on the one hand, increased awareness about threats posed to marine and coastal environments, but has also brought growing acknowledgement of the environmental, cultural and economic value that surfing provides. This has been accompanied by a growing movement of surfers and related stakeholders (e.g. communities and manufacturers that rely on the surf tourism and industry for income) that seek to protect surf breaks. This paper argues that certain emblematic surf breaks should be protected not only for their value to surfers, but also for the ecosystem services they provide and other benefits for marine conservation.
Through a series of case studies from Peru, Chile and the USA, the paper discusses how, in areas where there is significant biodiversity or iconic seascapes, surf breaks can be integrated with marine conservation. Suggestions are given regarding the International Union for Conservation of Nature categories of protected areas that are most appropriate for such cases.
The paper also explores how, in certain cases, several existing surf‐break protection mechanisms could qualify as other effective area‐based conservation measures, including Chile's proposed TURF–surf model, the international World Surfing Reserves, and Peru's Ley de Rompientes. In this way, certain surf‐break protection mechanisms could help contribute to countries' progress towards achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11.
Overall benefits of marine conservation groups and surfers joining forces are discussed, including how this can help reduce negative impacts of the sport on natural ecosystems.
Jeffamine‐Based Polymers for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Aldalur Itziar , Armand Michel , Zhang Heng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRechargeable batteries are important building blocks for a sustainable and electrified society thanks to their strong capability of storing electrical energies under chemical forms. JEFFAMINE®, a series of polyetheramines (PEAs) currently produced by Huntsman Corporation, has been emerging as a promising candidate for accessing high‐performance electrolytes and other cell components of rechargeable batteries. In this review, a brief history of the Jeffamine‐type PEAs and the synthetic chemistry of the Jeffamine‐based polymers are presented. The main applications of the Jeffamine‐based polymers in rechargeable batteries are discussed and highlighted, including various kinds of polymer electrolytes, polymeric binders, redox‐active materials, and interfacial layers stemming from the Jeffamine‐type PEAs. Lastly, future directions on the rational design of Jeffamine‐based materials are provided with the aim of improving the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries.
Multiplex Gene Disruption by Targeted Base Editing of Yarrowia lipolytica Genome Using Cytidine Deaminase Combined with the CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Bae Sang‐Jeong , Park Beom Gi , Kim Byung‐Gee , Hahn Ji‐Sook 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has a tendency to use the non‐homologous end joining repair (NHEJ) over the homology directed recombination as double‐strand breaks (DSB) repair system, making it difficult to edit the genome using homologous recombination. A recently developed Target‐AID (activation‐induced cytidine deaminase) base editor, designed to recruit cytidine deaminase (CDA) to the target DNA locus via the CRISPR/Cas9 system, can directly induce C to T mutation without DSB and donor DNA. In this study, this system is adopted in Y. lipolytica for multiplex gene disruption. Target‐specific gRNA(s) and a fusion protein consisting of a nickase Cas9, pmCDA1, and uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor are expressed from a single plasmid to disrupt target genes by introducing a stop codon via C to T mutation within the mutational window. Deletion of the KU70 gene involved in the NHEJ prevents the generation of indels by base excision repair following cytidine deamination, increasing the accuracy of genome editing. Using this Target‐AID system with optimized expression levels of the base editor, single gene disruption and simultaneous double gene disruption are achieved with the efficiencies up to 94% and 31%, respectively, demonstrating this base editing system as a convenient genome editing tool in Y. lipolytica.
Anti‐hyperuricemia activity and toxicity prediction of a novel xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor
Authors: Zhou Liping , Wei Baxiong , Wu Lvying , Li Jing , Zhu Bin , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA potent xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor (LS087) was recently proved to exhibit a similar hypouricemic potency to febuxostat. A hyperuricemia model induced by potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine was proposed in specific pathogen‐free male Kunming mice, and the serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid levels were measured after oral administration of LS087. Furthermore, renal histopathology was conducted by staining with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid–Schiff and Masson's trichrome stains, respectively. The results showed that the levels of serum urea nitrogen and uric acid significantly decreased compared with the model group, but the level of creatinine showed no significant changes. The pathological abnormalities in kidney tubules were improved after LS087 administration. Ten metabolites (M1–M10) of LS087 were identified after a single oral dosing of 10 mg/kg in rats. M6 was the primary LS087 metabolitein vivowith a pathway of methylation. The toxicity and potential risks of LS087 and its metabolites were predicted using the ProTox‐II software. LS087 and the major metabolites (M2, M3, M5, M6, M7 and M8) were predicted to have no potential hepatotoxicity, but some metabolites with a total rate of <1% (M1, M4, M9, and M10) showed potential hepatotoxicity. M1 and M8 showed potential carcinogenicity. The LS087 biotransformation pathway in rat was well characterized.
PGC‐1α inhibits polyamine metabolism in Cyclin E1‐driven ovarian cancer
Authors: Guo Ting , Li Bin , Gu Chao , Chen Xiuying , Han Mengxin , Liu Xiaocheng , Xu Congjian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimCyclin E1‐driven ovarian cancer (OvCa) is characterized with metabolic shift. In this study, we aim to pinpoint the metabolic pathway altered and assess its therapeutic potential.MethodsIn silico reproduction of TCGA ovarian cancer dataset and functional annotation using GSEA was performed. Candidate metabolic pathway was validated using in vitro and in vivo assays.ResultsFrom TCGA database, we found that polyamine metabolism was significantly enriched in Cyclin E1‐driven OvCa. Expressions of SMS, SRM, and ODC1 were positively correlated with that of CCNE1, respectively. ODC1 and SMS expressions were significantly correlated with decreased immune infiltrates. PGC‐1α silencing significantly decreased invasion and migration in both OvCa cell lines. Both spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased when PGC‐1α was silenced. Targeting SRM significantly decreased spermine level in OVCAR3 cells, which was rescued when PGC‐1α was silenced. Silencing of PGC‐1α resulted in increased SRM in both OvCa cells. Dinaciclib significantly decreased invasion and migration of OVCAR3 cells. Expressions of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 were predominantly in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Dinaciclib showed no notable effect of PD‐1 yet substantially induced the increased levels of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2.ConclusionCyclin E1‐driven OvCa is characterized with activated polyamine synthesis, which is associated with decreased cancer immunity. Targeting polyamine and CDK2 may therefore sensitize this genotype to immune checkpoint blockade.
Competing‐risks model for predicting the prognosis of penile cancer based on the SEER database
Authors: Yang Jin , Pan Zhenyu , He Yujing , Zhao Fanfan , Feng Xiaojie , Liu Qingqing , Lyu Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study performed a competing‐risks analysis using data from the SEER database on penile cancer patients with the aim of identifying more accurate prognostic factors.MethodsData on patients with penile cancer were extracted from the SEER database. A univariate analysis used the cumulative incidence function and Gray's test, while multivariate analysis was performed using the Fine‐Gray model. Cumulative hazards were compared with a competing‐risks model constructed using Kaplan‐Meier estimation.ResultsThe multivariate Fine‐Gray analysis indicated that being black (HR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.10‐2.07, P = .01), AJCC stage II (HR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.36‐2.77, P < .001), AJCC stage III (HR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.34‐2.91, P < .001), tumor size > 5 cm (HR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.33‐3.72, P < .05), and TNM stages N1 (HR = 2.49, 95%CI: 1.71‐3.61, P < .001), N2 (HR = 3.25, 95%CI: 2.18‐4.84, P < .001), N3 (HR = 5.05, 95%CI: 2.69‐9.50, P < .001), and M1 (HR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.28‐3.84, P < .05) were statistically significant. The results obtained using multivariate Cox regression were different, while Kaplan‐Meier curve analysis led to an overestimation of the cumulative risk of the patient.ConclusionsThis study established a competing‐risks analysis model for the first time based on the SEER database for the risk assessment of penile cancer patients. The results may help clinicians to better understand penile cancer and provide these patients with more appropriate support.
Intramuscular myxoma of the deltoid muscle in a swimmer: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Adamonis Saulius , Enodien Bassey , Taha‐Mehlitz Stephanie , Maurer Andreas , Taha Anas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntramuscular myxoma (IM) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with the incidence of one per 1 000 000 people and is reported greater among women. Our case reports an IM of a deltoid muscle in a young man. Differential diagnosis with sarcoma is important. Surgery is the treatment of choice usually without recurrence.
Modeling the Pyrolysis of a Centimeter‐Sized Biomass Particle
Authors: Shi Xiaogang , Gao Jinsen , Lan Xingying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFinite element modeling was performed to study the pyrolysis of centimeter‐sized biomass particles. The model proved to be accurate in predicting the intraparticle heat transfer during the pyrolysis of biomass particles at different operating conditions and for various particle properties. It was further applied to find the dominant factors of biomass physical properties influencing biomass pyrolysis, especially when the product distribution was considered. Simulation results indicate that biomass density and initial moisture content mainly affect the conversion time while have a limited effect on product distribution. With larger particle size the conversion time increases significantly. Higher tar yield with lower yields of char and non‐condensable gases were predicted at smaller particle size, indicating that the product distribution can be adjusted partially based on appropriate selection of particle size.
Highly Porous FexMnOy Microsphere as an Efficient Cathode Catalyst for Microbial Electrosynthesis of Volatile Fatty Acids from CO2
Authors: Tabish Noori Md , Min Booki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicrobial electrosynthesis (MES) can efficiently convert CO2 into valuable chemicals. A biocathode, which plays central role in MES process, is expected to have very high surface area and catalytic activity to derive the cathodic reaction flawlessly. In this study, a highly porous bimetallic FexMnOy (x=1, 2 and y=3, 4) microsphere was synthesized and applied as cathode catalyst in a single chamber MES. MES having FexMnOy exhibited higher net acetate production rate (204 mM/m2d) and coulombic efficiency (58 %) than the MES without catalyst (180 mM/m2d and 34 %). The excellent performance of MES with FexMnOy was attributed to the high Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area (around 278 m2/g) with rough surface and efficient electron transfer from cathode to microorganism promoted by FexMnOy complex. The cathode with FexMnOy reduced charge transfer resistance by ∼70 % and enhanced the exchange current density by 7.2‐times compared to plain cathode. This study suggests that FexMnOy can be used as the highly efficient and low‐cost catalyst on cathode of scaled up MESs.