bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Order of diagenetic events controls evolution of porosity and permeability in carbonates
Authors: Hosa Aleksandra , Wood Rachel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe properties of carbonate rocks are often the result of multiple, diagenetic events that involve phases of cementation (porosity occlusion) and dissolution (porosity enhancement). This study tests the hypothesis that the order of these events is a major control on final porosity and permeability. A three‐dimensional synthetic model of grainstone is used to quantify trends that show the effect of early cementation, non‐fabric selective dissolution, and then a second‐generation of (post‐dissolution) cement. Models are 3 mm3 with a resolution of 10 μm. Six simple paragenetic sequences are modelled from an identical starting sediment (without accounting for compaction) where the same diagenetic events are placed in different sequences, allowing for quantification of relative changes in the resultant porosity and permeability for each diagenetic event, the trajectory through time, as well as for each final rock. All modelled paragenetic sequences result in reductions in porosity and permeability, but the order of diagenetic events controls the trajectory and final rock properties. Differences in the order of early cement precipitation alone produce variable final values, but all follow the porosity–permeability relationship as expressed by the Kozeny‐Carman equation. However, final values for the sequences which include a phase of dissolution fall on a new curve, which departs from that predicted by the Kozeny‐Carman relationship. This allows an alternative form of porosity–permeability relationship to be proposed: κ = 2280ϕ–30,400, where ϕ is porosity (%) and κ is permeability (mD). Hence while the Kozeny‐Carman relationship predicts porosity–permeability changes that occur with cementation, it is unable to capture accurately changes within the pore network as a result of dissolution. Although the results may be dependent on the properties of the initial carbonate sediment and simplified diagenetic scenarios, it is suggested that this new porosity–permeability relationship may capture some generalized behaviour, which can be tested by modelling further sediment types and diagenetic scenarios.
The moral compass and life skills in navigating radicalization processes: Examining the interplay among life skills, moral disengagement, and extremism
Authors: Ozer Simon , Bertelsen Preben 
Published: March 2020

The present study investigated the interplay among deficient life skills, moral disengagement, and extremist attitude across two national contexts. Using a sample of young students in high school or college (N = 686), the present study found significant indirect effects between deficient life skills (agency and structure) and various aspects of an extremist mindset through moral disengagement. These findings suggest that these two psychological concepts of life skills and moral disengagement are relevant for understanding and countering violent radicalization processes; that is to say that morality can direct the life skills toward either violent extremism or nonviolent, legal civil participation. Furthermore, the development and empowerment of life skills could enhance individual resilience to morally disengaging narratives and radicalized ideologies.
Rapid identification of an Arabidopsis NLR gene as a candidate conferring susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using time‐resolved automated phenotyping
Authors: Barbacci Adelin , Navaud Olivier , Mbengue Malick , Barascud Marielle , Godiard Laurence , Khafif Mehdi , Lacaze Aline , Raffaele Sylvain 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYThe broad host range necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating pathogen of many oil and vegetable crops. Plant genes conferring complete resistance against S. sclerotiorum have not been reported. Instead, plant populations challenged by S. sclerotiorum exhibit a continuum of partial resistance designated as quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Because of their complex interplay and their small phenotypic effect, the functional characterization of QDR genes remains limited. How broad host range necrotrophic fungi manipulate plant programmed cell death is for instance largely unknown. Here, we designed a time‐resolved automated disease phenotyping pipeline enabling high‐throughput disease lesion measurement with high resolution, low footprint at low cost. We could accurately recover contrasted disease responses in several pathosystems using this system. We used our phenotyping pipeline to assess the kinetics of disease symptoms caused by seven S. sclerotiorum isolates on six A. thaliana natural accessions with unprecedented resolution. Large effect polymorphisms common to the most resistant A. thaliana accessions identified highly divergent alleles of the nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeat gene LAZ5 in the resistant accessions Rubezhnoe and Lip‐0. We show that impaired LAZ5 expression in laz5.1 mutant lines and in A. thaliana Rub natural accession correlate with enhanced QDR to S. sclerotiorum. These findings illustrate the value of time‐resolved image‐based phenotyping for unravelling the genetic bases of complex traits such as QDR. Our results suggest that S. sclerotiorum manipulates plant sphingolipid pathways guarded by LAZ5 to trigger programmed cell death and cause disease.
OsMFT2 is involved in the regulation of ABA signaling‐mediated seed germination through interacting with OsbZIP23/66/72 in rice
Authors: Song Song , Wang Guanfeng , Wu Hong , Fan Xiaowei , Liang Liwen , Zhao Hu , Li Shuangle , Hu Yong , Liu Haiyang , Ayaad Mohammed , Xing Yongzhong 
Published: March 2020

SummarySeed germination is a complex process involving various physical and biochemical cues, determined by exogenous and endogenous factors. Here, we identified a gene,OsMFT2, that negatively regulates seed germination in rice.OsMFT2knock‐out lines exhibited pre‐harvest sprouting, whereasOsMFT2overexpression lines showed delayed germination. RNA expression profiling showed thatOsMFT2was specifically expressed in seeds. Subcellular localization indicated that OsMFT2 was a nuclear protein. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment of imbibed seeds and seedlings indicated thatOsMFT2altered ABA sensitivity during seed germination and post‐germination growth.In vivoandin vitroassays showed that three bZIP transcription factors, OsbZIP23, OsbZIP66 and OsbZIP72, interacted with OsMFT2. OsbZIP23/66/72 bound to the promoter ofRab16A, a typical gene containing the ABA‐responsive element, and OsMFT2 enhanced the binding to theRab16Apromoter. Moreover, several ABA‐responsive genes were differentially expressed in the imbibed seeds ofOsMFT2transgenic lines and the wild type. The performance of the transgenic plants demonstrated that overexpressingOsbZIP23rescued the pre‐harvest sprouting phenotype and the decrease in ABA‐signaling genes expression caused byOsMFT2knock‐out. All of these results demonstrate that OsMFT2 positively regulates ABA‐responsive genes through interacting with OsbZIP23/66/72 and functions in seed germination.
Thrombocyte apheresis cassettes as a novel source of viable peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Cunningham Sarah , Buchele Vera , Brox Regine , Strasser Erwin , Hackstein Holger 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDTraditionally, white blood cells (WBCs) are collected from buffy coats or freshly drawn blood. However, the increasing demand for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the research phases of immunological therapy development makes it necessary to identify alternative sources of these cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSLeukapheresis products are cost intensive and not offered by all blood banks. Therefore, thrombocyte apheresis cassettes (TACs), plateletpheresis waste products, were investigated as a possible low‐cost and easily accessible blood source for research laboratories. The recovery rate, phenotype, and functionality of WBC subsets from TAC are unknown and were investigated in comparison to frequently used blood resources via flow cytometry.RESULTSOn average, TACs provide 30.3 × 106/mL PBMCs, situating themselves between peripheral whole blood (WB; 5.35 × 106/mL) and leukoreduction system chamber (LRSC; 163.9 × 106/mL) yields. Frequencies of CD14, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD19, and CD11c positive cells in TACs correlate with normal proportions of WBC populations. Stimulation of TAC‐derived PBMCs by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and resiquimod (R848) showed no significant differences in expression levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR, DQ, DP, and CD86 or cytokine secretion compared to other blood source derived PBMC. Following stimulation with LPS or R848, comparable levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐10, and interleukin‐1β could be measured between TAC, LRSC, and WB. Additionally, TAC‐derived T cells retained their proliferation capability and were able to produce interferon‐γ following T‐cell receptor stimulation.CONCLUSIONTACs provide a cost‐effective source of viable and functional human blood cells that can readily be used for clinical and laboratory investigations after plateletpheresis preparation.
Mensuration of the rabbit pituitary gland from computed tomography
Authors: Kwan Vionna , Quesenberry Katherine , Le Roux Alexandre B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this retrospective reference interval observational study was to determine the mensuration of the pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) by analyzing CT studies in rabbits without clinical evidence of pituitary disease or central neurologic signs. Though diseases of the rabbit pituitary gland are uncommon, the pituitary gland is essential in regulation of the rabbit's endocrine system, as in other species. Currently, there are minimal published studies that detail the rabbit head anatomy on cross‐sectional imaging, and even less specifically examining the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland was measured by one observer at a single time point from transverse and reconstructed sagittal CT images in a soft‐tissue algorithm in 62 rabbits for a total of 66 rabbit head CT studies. The rabbits ranged from 0.84 to 14 years in age (mean ± SD: 5.46 ± 3.05 years) and 0.92 to 4.95 kg in weight (2.21 ± 0.83 kg). Linear pituitary measurements were performed using electronic calipers. The mean ± SD pituitary height was 4.22 ± 0.57 mm, width was 4.48 ± 0.71 mm, and length was 6.02 ± 0.70 mm. The pituitary gland height‐to‐brain area ratio was 1.10 ± 0.16 mm−1, which is much higher than the values reported in normal dogs and cats. The age, weight, and sex of the rabbits were not found to have a significant impact on pituitary gland mensuration. These measurements could be useful as a reference range for future rabbit head CT studies and to rule out pituitary enlargement or disease when evaluating rabbit pituitary glands.
Leisure‐Time Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Chair Sek Ying , Cheng Ho Yu , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Zang Yu Li , Siow Elaine K.C. , Cao Xi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the positive effect of physical activity on reducing depressive symptoms among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), the effect of physical activity on depressive symptoms is poorly understood.AimsTo examine the mediating role of physical activity self‐efficacy in the relationship between leisure‐time physical activity and depressive symptoms in CHD patients.MethodsThis was a secondary data analysis study. A total of 593 CHD patients were included. Data on leisure‐time physical activity, physical activity self‐efficacy, and depressive symptoms were collected by validated questionnaires. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected via patient interviews and medical records reviewing. The approach of Baron and Kenny was adopted to examine the mediating effect of physical activity self‐efficacy on the association between leisure‐time physical activity and depressive symptoms.ResultsOn average, participants aged 56.9 (± 12.5) years old, with 66% male. Statistical analyses showed that leisure‐time physical activity was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = −0.041, p = .040) and physical activity self‐efficacy (β = 0.197, p = .001), and physical activity self‐efficacy was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = −0.223, p = .001) after adjusting for leisure‐time physical activity. The indirect effect of leisure‐time physical activity on depressive symptoms through physical activity self‐efficacy was also significant (β = −0.044, 95% confidence interval: −0.064, −0.027), suggesting a mediating role of physical activity self‐efficacy on the relationship between leisure‐time physical activity and depressive symptoms.Linking Evidence to ActionLeisure‐time physical activity is associated with reduced depressive symptoms among CHD patients, and this association is mediated by physical activity self‐efficacy. This mediating model has important clinical implications, where integrating physical activity that is enjoyable and pleasant, and self‐efficacy building elements in physical activity regimens should be considered, so as to improve psychological outcomes among CHD patients.
A pilot study to investigate the associations of urinary concentrations of NO, ATP and derivatives with overactive bladder symptom severity
Authors: Firouzmand Sepinoud , Young John S. 
Published: March 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Are the urinary concentrations of NO and ATP, and their metabolites, associated with the severity of symptoms of overactive bladder?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The urinary ratios of [ATP/NO], [ADP/NO] and a combination of these, [ATP/Cr*ADP/Cr]/[NO/Cr], were correlated with overall OAB symptom severity, with the latter combination also being correlated with the severity of urinary frequency and urgency symptoms individually. Together, these data reveal changes in urothelial signalling that accompany the transition from physiology to pathology.
AbstractOveractive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent symptom complex characterized by symptoms of urinary urgency and increased frequency and waking to void (nocturia), with or without urge incontinence and in the absence of proven infection or other obvious pathology. The underlying pathophysiology of idiopathic OAB is not clearly known, and the existence of several phenotypes has been proposed. Current diagnostic approaches are based on discordant measures, suffer from subjectivity and are incapable of detecting the proposed OAB phenotypes. Nitric oxide, ATP and their metabolites have previously been shown to underlie the perception of bladder fullness, with their release modifying the pathological perception of urgency. Therefore, in this study we assessed the concentrations of NO, ATP and associated metabolites in the urine of 113 consenting participants recruited from the general population. Recruited participants completed a questionnaire to measure the severity of OAB‐associated urinary symptoms and provided a mid‐stream urine sample. After identification of infection and haematuria using microbiology and microscopy, 95 samples were subjected to assays to measure NO, NO2−, NO3−, ATP, ADP and creatinine (Cr). There was no correlation between [NO/Cr], [NO2−/Cr] or [NO3−/Cr] and overall OAB symptom severity. In contrast, [ATP/NO], [ADP/NO] and a combination of these, [ATP/Cr*ADP/Cr]/[NO/Cr], were correlated with OAB symptom severity, and [ATP/Cr*ADP/Cr]/[NO/Cr] was also correlated with the severity of urinary frequency and urgency. This study adds to a growing literature that demonstrates the potential of urinary biomarkers and provides a foundation for a larger, longitudinal study.
Regulation of glutamate receptors by striatal‐enriched tyrosine phosphatase 61 (STEP61)
Authors: Won Sehoon , Roche Katherine W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhosphorylation regulates glutamate receptor trafficking. The cytosolic C‐terminal domains of both NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and AMPA receptors (AMPARs) have distinct motifs, which are substrates for serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation. Decades of research have shown how phosphorylation of glutamate receptors mediates protein binding and receptor trafficking, ultimately controlling synaptic transmission and plasticity. STEP is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (also known as PTPN5), with several isoforms resulting from alternative splicing. Targets of STEP include a variety of important synaptic substrates, among which are the tyrosine kinase Fyn and glutamate receptors. In particular, STEP61, the longest isoform, dephosphorylates the NMDAR subunit GluN2B and strongly regulates the expression of NMDARs at synapses. This interplay between STEP, Fyn and GluN2B‐containing NMDARs has been characterized by multiple groups. More recently, STEP61 was shown to bind to AMPARs in a subunit‐specific manner and differentially regulate synaptic NMDARs and AMPARs. Because of its many effects on synaptic proteins, STEP has been implicated in regulating excitatory synapses during plasticity and playing a role in synaptic dysfunction in a variety of neurological disorders. In this review, we will highlight the ways in which STEP61 differentially regulates NMDARs and AMPARs, as well as its role in plasticity and disease.
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Ultraendurance Exercise in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Study
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez Sonsoles , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Morales Javier S. , Carrero Juan J. , Lucia Alejandro , Ruiz Jonatan R. 
Published: March 2020

Context: Exercise improves the commonly impaired physical fitness and cardiovascular health of transplant recipients. However, concerns remain about the safety of strenuous physical exercise in this population. Purpose: To describe the physiological effects of ultraendurance exercise in a renal transplant recipient. Methods: After a 25-week training program, a 31-year-old male with stage 3 chronic kidney disease who had undergone 2 kidney transplants participated in a 62-km (5600 m of positive altitude change) trail-running race. Blood and urine analyses were performed at baseline (24 h before the race), 4 days after the race, and at different time points up to 16 weeks postexercise. Results: The participant completed the race in 12 hours 18 minutes. No noticeable side effects were recorded during the whole study period, including the prerace training program. No major urine or blood alterations were observed after ultraendurance exercise, with glomerular filtration rate remaining steady during the study period. Conclusions: Ultraendurance exercise induced no adverse physiological effects in a well-trained young renal transplant recipient.
High-derivatives and massive electromagnetic models in the Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi spacetime
Authors: Fernandes Rafael L. , Abreu Everton M. C. , Ribeiro Marcelo B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Maxwell electromagnetic theory embedded in an inhomogeneous Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) spacetime background was described a few years back in the literature. However, terms concerning the mass or high-derivatives were not explored. In this work we studied the inhomogeneous spacetime effects on high-derivatives and massive electromagnetic models. We used the LTB metric and calculated the physical quantities of interest, namely the scale factor, density of the eletromagnetic field and Hubble constant, for the Proca and higher-derivative Podolsky models. We found a new singularity in both models, and that the magnetic field must be zero in the Proca model.
Status and the perspectives of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO)
Authors: Miramonti Lino 
Published: March 2020

One of the remaining undetermined fundamental aspects in neutrino physics is the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy, i.e. discriminating between the two possible orderings of the mass eigenvalues, known as Normal and Inverted Hierarchies. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kt Liquid Scintillator Detector currently under construction in the South of China, can determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and improve the precision of three oscillation parameters by one order of magnitude. Moreover, thanks to its large liquid scintillator mass, JUNO will also contribute to study neutrinos from non-reactor sources such as solar neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, geoneutrinos, supernova burst and diffuse supernova neutrinos. Furthermore, JUNO will also contribute to nucleon decay studies. In this work, I will describe the status and the perspectives of the JUNO experiment.
Hydrodynamic Study and Performance Analysis of the OC4-DeepCWind Platform by CFD Method
Authors: Huang Yang , Zhuang Yuan , Wan Decheng 
Published: March 2020

(1) The RAOs of OC4-DeepCWind platform motions are more sensitive to the low-frequency wave than the high-frequency wave. The nonlinear motion responses for platform heave and pitch motions are comparatively remarkable. (2) The pitch motion of OC4-DeepCWind platform is much more apparently influenced by the height of center of gravity (COG) than surge and heave motions. The lower COG height within a suitable range leads to a smaller fluctuation amplitude of platform pitch motion in waves. (3) A large horizontal displacement abruptly occurs to the OC4-DeepCWind platform when one mooring line is failure. The risk of failure for the other mooring lines significantly increases. To better understand the hydrodynamic performance of a floating support platform in various wave environments, a two-phase CFD solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU based on the open source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM is applied to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics and motion performance of the OC4-DeepCWind platform. Moreover, the restoring force and moment of mooring lines are simulated using the solver in time domain. The studies of grid sensitivity and time step refinement are first conducted to determine an appropriate time step and mesh size. Then hydrodynamic responses of the floater in free-decay tests are analyzed and compared with experimental data, and the motion performance of the platform in regular waves with different parameters is also investigated. In addition, the platform motion responses with one mooring line broken and different heights of center of gravity are explored. It is shown that simulation results have good agreement with published data, and several conclusions can be drawn through the study. The RAOs of platform motions are found to be more sensitive to the low-frequency wave than the high-frequency wave. Nonlinear motion responses are comparatively remarkable in platform heave and pitch motions. Besides, the lower height of center of gravity within a suitable range is benefit to the stability of floating platform. Survival condition with broken mooring line should be paid enough attention to avoid the failure of other mooring lines.