bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondrocyte‐to‐osteoblast transformation in mandibular fracture repair
Authors: Wong Sarah A. , Hu Diane P. , Slocum Joshua , Lam Charles , Nguyen Michael , Miclau Theodore , Marcucio Ralph S. , Bahney Chelsea S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe majority of fracture research has been conducted using long bone fracture models, with significantly less research into the mechanisms driving craniofacial repair. However, craniofacial bones differ from long bones in both their developmental mechanism and embryonic origin. Thus, it is possible that their healing mechanisms could differ. In this study we utilize stabilized and unstabilized mandible fracture models to investigate the pathways regulating repair. Whereas fully stable trephine defects in the ramus form bone directly, mechanical motion within a transverse fracture across the same anatomical location promoted robust cartilage formation before boney remodeling. Literature investigating long bone fractures show chondrocytes are a direct precursor of osteoblasts during endochondral repair. Lineage tracing with Aggrecan‐CreERT2::Ai9 tdTomato mice demonstrated that mandibular callus chondrocytes also directly contribute to the formation of new bone. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed that chondrocytes located at the chondro‐osseous junction expressed Sox2, suggesting that plasticity of these chondrocytes may facilitate this chondrocyte‐to‐osteoblast transformation. Based on the direct role chondrocytes play in bone repair, we tested the efficacy of cartilage grafts in healing critical‐sized mandibular defects. Whereas empty defects remained unbridged and filled with fibrous tissue, cartilage engraftment produced bony‐bridging and robust marrow cavity formation, indicating healthy vascularization of the newly formed bone. Engrafted cartilage directly contributed to new bone formation since a significant portion of the newly formed bone was graft/donor‐derived. Taken together these data demonstrate the important role of chondrocyte‐to‐osteoblast transformation during mandibular endochondral repair and the therapeutic promise of using cartilage as a tissue graft to heal craniofacial defects.
Subgingival microbiome is associated with alveolar bone loss measured 5 years later in postmenopausal women
Authors: LaMonte Michael J. , Andrews Christopher A. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Buck Michael J. , Li Lu , McSkimming Daniel I. , Banack Hailey R. , Rotterman Jane , Sun Yijun , Kirkwood Keith L. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to quantify the association between subgingival microbiota and periodontal disease progression in older women, for which limited published data exist.MethodsA total of 1016 postmenopausal women, aged 53 to 81 years, completed baseline (1997 to 2001) and 5‐year (2002 to 2006) dental exams that included probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival bleeding, and radiographic alveolar crestal height (ACH). Baseline microbiota were measured in subgingival plaque using 16S rRNA sequencing. Associations between 52 microbiota we previously found statistically significantly associated with clinical periodontal disease at baseline, were examined with disease progression. The traditional Socransky microbiota complexes also were evaluated. Side‐by‐side radiograph comparisons were used to define progression as ≥2 teeth with ≥1 mm ACH loss or ≥1 new tooth loss to periodontitis. The association between baseline centered log(2) ratio transformed microbial relative abundances and 5‐year periodontal disease progression was measured with generalized linear models.ResultsOf 36 microbiota we previously showed were elevated in moderate/severe disease at baseline, 24 had statistically significantly higher baseline mean relative abundance in progressing compared with non‐progressing women (P < .05, all); which included all Socransky red bacteria (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola). Of 16 microbiota elevated in none/mild disease at baseline, five had statistically significantly lower baseline abundance in non‐progressing compared with progressing women (P < 0.05, all), including one Socransky yellow bacteria (S. oralis). When adjusted for baseline age, socioeconomic status, and self‐rated general health status, odds ratios for 5‐year progression ranged from 1.18 to 1.51 (per 1‐standard deviation increment in relative abundance) for microbiota statistically significantly (P < 0.05) positively associated with progression, and from 0.77 to 0.82 for those statistically significantly (P < 0.05) inversely associated with progression. These associations were similar when stratified on baseline levels of pocket depth, gingival bleeding, ACH, and smoking status.ConclusionsThese prospective results affirm clearly that subgingival microbiota are measurably elevated several years prior to progression of alveolar bone loss, and include antecedent elevations in previously undocumented taxa additional to known Socransky pathogenic complexes.
Detection of the historical Askja ad 1875 and modern Icelandic cryptotephras in varved lake sediments – results from a first systematic search in northern Poland
Authors: Kinder MaŁgorzata , Wulf Sabine , Appelt Oona 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTVolcanic ash can disperse thousands of kilometres from the source volcano and provide valuable chronostratigraphic markers for palaeoclimate studies. We present new cryptotephra findings of historical and modern Icelandic eruptions in annually laminated lacustrine sediment records from several sites within a 570 km SW–NE transect across northern Poland. Sediments from the two lakes Wąsoskie and Szurpiły contain glass shards originating from the Plinian Askja ad 1875 eruption and showing bimodal, rhyolitic and dacitic affinities. A further cryptotephra finding in Lake Lubińskie suggests a potential origin from the Hekla ad 1845 eruption. These new findings extend the tephra dispersal map towards the south‐east and provide valuable isochrons for the synchronisation of palaeoclimate proxy data at the termination of the Little Ice Age in central eastern Europe. Very low glass concentrations of modern cryptotephra in Lake Wąsoskie were potentially correlated with the Eyjafjallajökull ad 2010 eruption. Further findings in the uppermost sediments of lakes Szurpiły and Żabińskie in north‐eastern Poland tentatively suggest other sources from either the Hekla and/or Kamchatkan volcanoes.
Sandwich‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering probes for detection and quantification of malaria
Authors: Mhlanga Nikiwe , Domfe Thulaganyo , Skepu Amanda , Ntho Thabang A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMalaria continues to be endemic in the middle‐ to low‐resourced regions of the world. One of the World Health Organization (WHO) global technical strategy goals towards 2030 is to lower the malaria infection by 90%. Attaining this ambitious goal entails early and accurate diagnosis of the parasite that will inform treatment measures to be taken. Herein, we report on the application of the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform to fabricate malaria bio‐sensing probes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) malaria antibodies (mAb) were immobilized on a SERS substrate and used to capture Plasmodium falciparum (pf) malaria antigen. A detection hybrid, Ag plasmonic metals labelled with a Raman reporter (SERS tag) and conjugated to a second LDH mAb, was hybridized on the captured antigen. The detection hybrid binds the antigen on a specific epitope, and the sandwich is interpreted using vibrational Raman spectroscopy that indirectly confirms the pfLDH malaria antigen via the Raman reporter label. The SERS probes showed specificity, sensitivity and rapidity in the detection of pfLDH. They are proposed for secondary confirmation of field‐based lateral flows and offer improved sensitivity and quantification capabilities.
Black tonal level reproduction in pulse‐width‐modulated high dynamic range displays
Authors: Boitard Ronan , Ploumis Stelios , Kumaran Raveen , Damberg Gerwin , Ballestad Anders 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh dynamic range (HDR) workflows provide increased peak luminance and lower black levels leading to a significantly enhanced quality of experience. HDR pixels also represent more tonal values across the dynamic range by using a higher bit‐depth along with different perceptual transfer functions. However, many light‐emitting display devices modulate light using a limited bit‐depth in the linear domain. It is thus challenging for such display systems to achieve simultaneously high peak luminance and high amount of information in the shadows. In this paper, we summarize pulse‐width modulation (PWM) principles and its impact on low black level reproduction. We then assess the required bit‐depth to accurately reproduce shadow information of an HDR signal for different display capabilities. Finally, we describe several technology improvements that could improve the tonal level reproduction of PWM‐driven displays.
Predictors of Long‐Term Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Score Stability Following Septoplasty With Inferior Turbinate Reduction
Authors: Law Richard H. , Bazzi Talal D. , Van Harn Meredith , Craig John R. , Deeb Robert H. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the postoperative Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score stability between 1 and ≥6 months after septoplasty with inferior turbinate reduction (ITR). Education level and occupation were evaluated to determine their effects on NOSE score stability during the postoperative period.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series. Patients were included if they underwent septoplasty with ITR for nasal obstruction due to septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. NOSE scores were collected preoperatively, and at 1 and ≥6 months postoperatively. Education level and occupation were collected postoperatively via telephone survey. Changes in NOSE scores were compared between the different time points. Education level and occupation were analyzed to determine if they affected NOSE scores.ResultsThere were 98 patients included, and 56 were male (57.1%). Mean NOSE scores preoperatively and at 1 and ≥6 months postoperatively were 72.1, 17.1, and 12.0, respectively. Patients demonstrated a statistically and clinically significant reduction in NOSE score at 1 month (−54.9, P < .001) and at ≥6 months postoperatively (−60.0, P < .001). The mean 6.2‐point decrease in NOSE score from 1 to ≥6 months was statistically, but not clinically significant. There were no significant differences in NOSE score changes based on educational level and occupation.ConclusionsPatients achieved statistically and clinically significant reductions in NOSE scores at 1 months, with no clinically significant differences in NOSE scores at ≥6 months, suggesting NOSE score stability between these postoperative time points. Neither education level nor occupation influenced NOSE scores.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2105–E2110, 2021
Anterior Pedicled Lateral Nasal Wall Flap for Endonasal Lining: A Radiologic and Anatomical Study
Authors: Langdon Cristóbal , Yuen‐Ato Kathy , Pereira‐Perez Carla , Arancibia Claudio , Alobid Isam 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this radiological/anatomical study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new endoscopic technique that uses the anterior pedicled lateral nasal flap (APLNW) for the endonasal lining in complex nasal reconstructions.Study DesignAn anatomical study was performed on 20 nasal fossae of cadaverous specimens to measure the area and lengths of the anterior pedicled nasal lateral wall flap. In addition, a radiological analysis with computed tomography was performed in 150 nostrils to determine the potential donor of the simple and extended flap in the nasal fossa floor. Complex nasal reconstruction with nasofrontal flap and internal lining using the lateral wall pedicled flap was performed in 3 patients.ResultsComplete reconstruction for the inner lining of the nasal tip and lateral nasal wall was achieved in the cadaveric study (10 specimens). The surface areas of the simple and extended APLNW flaps were 7.53 (standard deviation [SD] 1.25) cm2 and 24.6 (SD 3.14) cm2, respectively. Using computed tomography scans, we determined that to reconstruct defects secondary to full‐thickness nasal defects, the APLNW flap surface for the simple and extended versions was 7.90 (SD 1.68) cm2 and 23.64 (SD 4.7) cm2. We present one case were the APLNW flap was used.ConclusionsThe simple or expanded APLNW flap represents a feasible option to reconstruct the internal lining in complex nasal reconstruction.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E1462–E1467, 2021
Needlestick Injury in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Resident Programs
Authors: Ahadizadeh Emily N. , Quintanilla‐Dieck Lourdes , Pfeifer Hailey , Wax Mark K. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisUp to 800,000 percutaneous injuries involving healthcare workers occur each year. The morbidity of needlestick injuries (NSIs) ranges from nothing to death. The incidence of NSI in otolaryngology residency is deemed to be high based on prior studies. This study aimed at defining the trends in otolaryngology residents regarding sharps exposure.Study DesignCross‐sectional study using survey/questionnaire.MethodsOtolaryngology accredited residency programs in North America were surveyed in 2013 and 2017 regarding their experience with NSI and perceived risk of acquiring a blood‐borne infection.ResultsSurveys were received from 314 residents (31 programs). There was a total of 509 needlesticks, primarily occurring during junior years (post‐graduate year 1–3, 81%). Sixty‐eight percent of residents had experienced an NSI. Of the residents that had an injury, the mean number of sticks was 2.37 sticks/resident. Junior residents were less likely to report their injury compared to senior residents (50% vs. 30%). The primary reason for not reporting was the time commitment. Residents underestimated their risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (51% of residents) and overestimated their risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus (90% of residents).ConclusionsOccupational exposure is high in healthcare and particularly high in surgical trainees. The majority of otolaryngology trainees undergo a needlestick injury in their junior years. There continues to be underreporting of these injuries by residents, who report that the process is too time‐consuming. Most residents do not have an accurate understanding of their actual risk of acquiring a blood‐borne disease. These findings emphasize the need for education regarding risks and development of strategies to encourage reporting of injuries.Level of EvidenceVI Laryngoscope, 131:E1076–E1080, 2021
Radiotherapy in Metastatic Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Nguy Susanna , Oh Cheongeun , Karp Jerome M. , Wu Shengyang Peter , Li Zujun , Persky Michael J. , Hu Kenneth S. , Givi Babak , Tam Moses M. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe role of locoregional radiotherapy for metastatic oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) is unclear. We investigated the impact of head and neck radiotherapy on survival in de novo metastatic OPSCC patients who received systemic therapy.MethodsWe queried the NCDB from 2004–2015 for metastatic OPSCC patients at diagnosis with known HPV‐status who received systemic therapy. The association of head and neck radiotherapy with overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, Cox proportional hazards model, and propensity score‐matched analysis adjusting for demographic and disease‐specific prognostic factors.ResultsOf the 2,139 patients with metastatic OPSCC who presented with metastases and received systemic treatment, we identified 556 patients with known HPV‐status. Among these 556 patients, 49% were HPV‐positive and 56% received head and neck radiotherapy. With a median follow‐up of 17.5 months (IQR 6.0–163.4 months), radiotherapy was associated with significantly improved 1‐year OS (67% vs 58%, log‐rank P < .001) which remained significant on MVA (HR 0.78 95% CI 0.62–0.97 P = .029). In HPV‐status subgroup analysis, a survival benefit was identified in HPV‐positive patients (1‐year OS 77% vs 67%, log‐rank P < .001) but not in HPV‐negative patients. Results were consistent on a propensity score‐matched analysis of 212 HPV‐positive matched patients (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49–0.83, P < .001).ConclusionThe survival of metastatic OPSCC remains limited. In this large series of patients with known HPV‐status, head and neck radiotherapy was associated with longer survival in those with HPV‐associated disease. These data could guide management of this challenging group of patients for head and neck cancer practitioners.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1847–E1853, 2021
On pointwise decay rates of time‐periodic solutions to the Navier–Stokes equation
Authors: Nakatsuka Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the existence of a time‐periodic solution with pointwise decay properties to the Navier–Stokes equation in the whole space. We show that if the time‐periodic external force is sufficiently small in an appropriate sense, then there exists a time‐periodic solution of the Navier–Stokes equation such that and uniformly in as . Our solution decays faster than the time‐periodic Stokes fundamental solution and the faster decay of its spatial derivatives of higher order is also described.
Intravascular BOLD signal characterization of balanced SSFP experiments in human blood at high to ultrahigh fields
Authors: Pérez‐Rodas Marlon , Pohmann Rolf , Scheffler Klaus , Heule Rahel 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo investigate the intravascular contribution to the overall balanced SSFP (bSSFP) BOLD effect in human blood at high to ultrahigh field strengths (3 T, 9.4 T, and 14.1 T).MethodsVenous blood prepared at two different oxygenation levels (deoxygenated: Y ≈ 71%, oxygenated: Y ≈ 94%) was measured with phase‐cycled bSSFP for varying TRs/flip angles at 3 T, 9.4 T, and 14.1 T. The oxygen sensitivity was analyzed by intrinsic MIRACLE (motion‐insensitive rapid configuration relaxometry)‐R2 estimation and passband signal differences. The intravascular BOLD‐related signal change was extracted from the measured data for microvasculature and macrovasculature, and compared with the extravascular contribution obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.ResultsThe MIRACLE‐R2 values showed a characteristic increase with longer TRs in deoxygenated blood, corroborating that SE‐R2 data cannot be used to assess the intravascular bSSFP BOLD effect. Passband bSSFP signal differences measured at optimal flip angles of 30° at 3 T and 20° at 9.4 T/14.1 T revealed considerable relative intravascular contributions of 95%/70% at 3 T, 74%/43% at 9.4 T, 66%/46% at 14.1 T for TR = 5 ms, and 90%/65% at 3 T, 36%/27% at 9.4 T, 13%/15% at 14.1 T for TR = 10 ms in macrovascular/microvascular regimes.ConclusionThe results indicate that intravascular effects have to be considered to better understand the origin of bSSFP BOLD contrast in functional MRI experiments, especially at short TRs. The MIRACLE‐R2 method demonstrated the ability to quantify the apparent decrease in R2 due to rapid RF refocusing.
Optimal segments for forwarding table size minimization in segment‐routed SDNs
Authors: Anbiah Anix , Sivalingam Krishna M. 
Published: November 2020

SummarySegment routing (SR) is a source routing paradigm where packet forwarding is based on a sequence of instructions known as segments identified using segment IDs (SIDs). An ordered list of SIDs identifies the source route and is carried in the packet headers. Switches in such networks use the SIDs to look up their forwarding tables and forward packets along the segments. Since various flows can share the segments, SR is a mechanism to avoid per‐flow state thereby minimizing the forwarding table size (FTS) of the switches. Software‐defined networks (SDNs) are suitable for SR since the source routing can be accomplished by a centralized controller. Typically, the segment list is limited to a maximum segment list depth (SLD). It can be shown that FTS varies inversely as the SLD. This paper studies the problem of minimizing the FTS given the set of flows and the SLD limitation, which is shown to be NP‐complete. An ILP formulation of the problem is used to solve the problem in relatively small networks. Two different heuristic solutions, BFH and CCH, are presented to solve this problem in large‐scale networks with up to 30,000 nodes and 250,000 flows and for three different network topologies (ring‐of‐rings, fat‐tree, and mesh). The heuristics are shown to perform up to 50% better than an existing FTS minimization technique. Further, CCH is shown to perform better in networks with a high prevalence of equal cost multipaths (ECMPs), while BFH performs better when ECMPs are few in number.
Degenerative joint disease in the Chalcolithic population of El Mirador cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): The vertebral column
Authors: Yustos Marta , Lozano Marina , Morales Juan I. , Iglesias‐Bexiga Javier , Vergès Josep M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDegenerative joint disease (DJD) is one of the most common pathological conditions identified in the archaeological record and remains a health problem in modern populations. This study aimed to evaluate DJD of the vertebral column in a sample from a Chalcolithic collective burial at El Mirador cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) dated to 4,880–4,390 years cal. BP. Most of the human remains recovered were commingled and are in a good state of preservation. Traditionally, far too little attention has been paid to skeletal remains from secondary contexts. Bearing in mind the limitations inherent to this type of study, in this work, we applied an adapted methodology to examine the degree of vertebral degeneration considering the skeletal changes associated with DJD (i.e., osteophyte formation, porosity, lipping and/or eburnation). All data were evaluated at the 0.05 level using the chi‐squared statistic, and comparisons were made between age groups and between the spine regions. Our results showed a higher prevalence of DJD in the lumbar region, although eburnation was the least observed marker in the sample. Additionally, significant differences were found between age groups, with a greater manifestation of DJD in vertebral elements associated with the adult group. These results are consistent with those of other studies and are based on the hypothesis that DJD is highly correlated with age. Overall, the degree of vertebral degeneration is low, but taken together, these results suggest that some individuals from El Mirador cave may have suffered from DJD. Furthermore, the methodology proposed has demonstrated that valuable information can be obtained from commingled skeletal assemblages.