bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Box–Behnken design for the production of soluble curcumin: Skimmed milk powder inclusion complex for improving the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Jamal Moideen Muthu Mohamed , Alqahtani Ali , Venkatesan Krishnaraju , Ahmad Fazil , Krisharaju Kalpana , Gayasuddin Mohammed , Shaik Rasheed Ahemad , Ibraheem Khalid Mohamad Morsy , Salama Mohamed EL‐dosoky Mohamed , Abed Sally Yussef 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to develop a soluble product of the practically insoluble curcumin (CMN) to treat colorectal cancer more effectively than with pure CMN. To improve the solubility of CMN, various hydrophilic carriers of skimmed milk powder (SMP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and mannitol (MNT) were utilized to prepare solid dispersion (SD) binary complexes. The prepared complexes were characterized in terms of their aqueous solubility and in vitro drug release and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, powder X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and the novel dyeing test. Based on this characterization, the best SD complex was optimized using the Box–Behnken design (RSM‐BBD). These results showed that the solubility of CMN was greatly improved in combination with SMP. The SD of CMN with SMP produced significantly improved solubility (0.646 ± 0.024 mg/ml) and dissolution (54.94 ± 3.21% at 5 min). Further, solid‐state characterization revealed that the complex exhibited intermolecular inclusion of the drug and carrier. Also, the complex did not undergo any chemical modification owing to its amorphous form, and the novel dye test showed better coloring impact, indicating the solubility of CMN. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the complex showed that 50% inhibition (IC50) of SW480 and Caco‐2 cells was achieved at a considerably lower concentration than that of pure CMN. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the cell cycle arrest was at G2/M phase (43.26% and 65.14%), and DNA fragmentation analysis investigation confirmed that the complex induced more DNA damage during apoptosis.
Extraction of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula by fermentation with response surface methodology
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Xu Chang‐Yuan , Xia Jie , Feng Yan‐Ni , Zhang Xi‐Feng , Yan You‐Yu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCodonopsis pilosula is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat weak spleens, stomach problems, anemia, and fatigue. Polysaccharide is one of main components of Codonopsis pilosula. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction parameters of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP) by fermentation. The exaction temperature (°C), yeast liquid volume (2 mg/ml, ml), and time (h) were employed effects. Results indicated that the best extraction conditions were the following: extraction temperature 24.75°C, yeast liquid volume 2.96 ml (5.92 mg), and a fermentation time of 21.03 hr. After purification with DE52 and Sephadex G‐100, the molecular structure was determined by ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H and 13C). The monosaccharide composition of CPP1 was determined to be mannose (1.76%), glucose (97.38%), and arabinose (0.76%). CPP1 exhibited high antioxidant activities in scavenging ABTS radicals, ferreous ions, and superoxide ion radicals. Thus, CPP1 could be used as an antioxidant or functional food.
Case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma occurring in the postradiation setting for breast cancer
Authors: Hahn Elan , Dickson Brendan C. , Gupta Abha A. , Nofech‐Mozes Sharon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare malignant vascular tumor, which is typically characterized by recurrent fusion genes. EHEs most commonly occur in the lung, liver, bone, and internal organs. EHE has rarely been reported to occur in the post‐radiotherapeutic setting, the breast site or in association with breast cancer. The differential diagnosis for radiation‐associated vascular lesions of the breast is classically limited to atypical vascular lesion and angiosarcoma and does not include EHE. We present the case of a woman with a history of breast cancer and post‐surgical radiotherapy who went on to develop an EHE of the chest wall skin within 3 years of the completion of radiotherapy. Microscopically, the lesion was infiltrative and composed of anastomosing nests of epithelioid‐to‐spindled cells with eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. By immunohistochemistry, the cells were positive for ERG, D2‐40, and CD31. The diagnosis was confirmed by identification of a characteristic WWTR1‐CAMTA1 fusion gene using RNA sequencing. This case expands our understanding of radiation‐associated tumors.
2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines and thyroid‐stimulating hormone suppression after thyroid lobectomy
Authors: Reed Robert , Strumpf Andrew , Martz Teresa G. , Kavanagh Kaitlin J. , Fedder Katherine L. , Jameson Mark J. , Shonka David C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommended more conservative treatment in low‐risk well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC), stating that lobectomy alone may be sufficient. The guidelines further recommend mild thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level suppression (0.5‐2 mU/L) for this population. Our goal is to evaluate the natural history of patients undergoing lobectomy to determine the percentage that would require postoperative levothyroxine supplementation under these guidelines.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 168 patients that underwent lobectomy between 2010 and 2019 was performed. Preoperative and postoperative TSH values and the rate of patients prescribed levothyroxine were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐five percent of patients were prescribed levothyroxine postoperatively. At 6 weeks postoperatively, 66% had TSH value of >2; this increased to 76% by 6 to 12 months.ConclusionTo adhere to ATA guidelines for WDTC managed with lobectomy alone, the majority of patients (76%) would require postoperative levothyroxine supplementation. Low preoperative TSH was found to be the most significant predictor for postoperative TSH < 2.
C/EBPα/miR‐7 Controls CD4+ T‐Cell Activation and Function and Orchestrates Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
Authors: Zhao Juanjuan , Chu Fengyun , Xu Hualin , Guo Mengmeng , Shan Shan , Zheng Wen , Tao Yijing , Zhou Ya , Hu Yan , Chen Chao , Ren Tao , Xu Lin 
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims
Increasing evidence in recent years has suggested that microRNA‐7 (miR‐7) is an important gene implicated in the development of various diseases including HCC. However, the role of miR‐7 in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is unknown.

Approach and Results
Herein, we showed that miR‐7 deficiency led to exacerbated pathology in Concanavalin‐A‐induced murine acute autoimmune liver injury (ALI) model, accompanied by hyperactivation state of CD4+ T cells. Depletion of CD4+ T cells reduced the effect of miR‐7 deficiency on the pathology of ALI. Interestingly, miR‐7 deficiency elevated CD4+ T‐cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro. Adoptive cell transfer experiments showed that miR‐7
def
CD4+ T cells could exacerbate the pathology of ALI. Further analysis showed that miR‐7 expression was up‐regulated in activated CD4+ T cells. Importantly, the transcription of pre‐miR‐7b, a major resource of mature miR‐7 in CD4+ T cells, was dominantly dependent on transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), which binds to the core promoter region of the miR‐7b gene. Global gene analysis showed that mitogen‐activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) is a target of miR‐7 in CD4+ T cells. Finally, the loss of MAPK4 could ameliorate the activation state of CD4+ T cells with or without miR‐7 deficiency. Our studies document the important role of miR‐7 in the setting of AIH induced by Concanavalin‐A. Specifically, we provide evidence that the C/EBPα/miR‐7 axis negatively controls CD4+ T‐cell activation and function through MAPK4, thereby orchestrating experimental AIH in mice.

Conclusions
This study expands on the important role of miR‐7 in liver‐related diseases and reveals the value of the C/EBPα/miR‐7 axis in CD4+ T‐cell biological function for the pathogenesis of immune‐mediated liver diseases.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals novel mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in human lung cells
Authors: Yang Shaomin , Wu Songbin , Yu Zhijian , Huang Jiabin , Zhong Xia , Liu Xiaodong , Zhu Hua , Xiao Lizu , Deng Qiwen , Sun Wuping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a single‐stranded RNA virus responsible for the global pandemic of the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). To date, there are still no effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19.ObjectiveThe present study aims to explore the possible mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in human lung cells.MethodsData interpretation was conducted by recruiting bioinformatics analysis, including Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analysis using downloaded data from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database.ResultsThe present study demonstrated that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces the upregulation of 14 interferon‐stimulated genes, indicative of immune, and interferon responses to the virus. Notably, genes for pyrimidine metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis are selectively enriched in human lung cells after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, suggesting that altered pyrimidine metabolism and steroid biosynthesis are remarkable, and perhaps druggable features after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Besides, there is a strong positive correlation between viral ORF1ab, ORF6, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in human lung cells, implying that ACE2 facilitates SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and replication in host cells probably through the induction of ORF1ab and ORF6.
How do finance companies' advantages affect competitive strategies in short‐ and intermediate‐term loan markets? A theoretical analysis
Authors: Tseng Jauling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emergence of finance companies has affected the competitive strategies of financial service industry and has also altered the financing patterns of various borrowers. This study's theoretical model illustrates that finance companies are able to offer larger loans and reach risky niche‐market borrowers more easily than banks can because of certain advantages of the finance company's business model, including unique funding sources, cross‐subsidization, relatively low collateralization costs, and extensive financial intermediation. The resulting loan terms are typically more attractive than those that banks can offer, including higher loan‐granting ratios. These advantages can expand borrowers' financing sources and thereby reduce their financing difficulties. This is especially the case for risky borrowers or entrepreneurs who operate small‐ and medium‐size enterprises. Such borrowers, who typically face liquidity constraints and are thus willing to pay higher interest rates, are more inclined to obtain operating funds from finance companies than from banks.
Improving predictive capacity of the Amino acid Derivative Reactivity Assay test method for skin sensitization potential with an optimal molar concentration of test chemical solution
Authors: Imamura Mika , Wanibuchi Sayaka , Yamamoto Yusuke , Kojima Hajime , Ono Atsushi , Kasahara Toshihiko , Fujita Masaharu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Amino acid Derivative Reactivity Assay (ADRA) is a convenient and effective in chemico test method for assessing covalent binding of test chemicals with protein‐derived nucleophilic reagents as a means of predicting skin sensitization potential. Although the original molar‐concentration approach to ADRA testing was not suitable for testing multiconstituent substances of an unknown composition, a weight‐concentration approach that is suitable for such substances was developed, which also led to the realization that test chemical solutions prepared to molar concentrations higher than the original 1 mM would reduce false negative results as well as enhance predictive capacity. The present study determined an optimal molar‐concentration that achieves even higher predictive capacity than the original ADRA. Eight chemicals that were false negatives when tested with 1 mM test chemical solutions were retested with test chemical solutions between 2 and 5 mM, which showed 4 mM to be the optimal molar‐concentration for ADRA testing. When 82 chemicals used in the original development were retested with 4 mM test chemical solutions, false negative results were reduced by four. When an additional 85 chemicals used to evaluate the weight‐concentration approach to ADRA were retested, the results essentially replicated those obtained with 0.5 mg/ml test chemical solutions and gave 10 fewer false negatives than original ADRA with 1 mM solutions. A comparison of these results for 136 chemicals showed that ADRA testing with 4 mM solutions achieved a four percentage point improvement in accuracy over original ADRA and a two percentage point improvement over DPRA testing.
Osteoporosis and osteoblasts cocultured with adipocytes inhibit osteoblast differentiation by downregulating histone acetylation
Authors: Abuna Rodrigo P. F. , Almeida Luciana O. , Souza Alann T. P. , Fernandes Roger R. , Sverzut Thales F. V. , Rosa Adalberto L. , Beloti Marcio M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and adipocyte accumulation within the bone marrow that inhibits osteoblast maturation, leading to a high risk of fractures. Thus, we hypothesized that osteoblasts, besides being negatively affected by interacting with adipocytes, reduce the differentiation of neighboring osteoblasts through the same mechanisms that affect osteoblasts under osteoporotic conditions. We investigated the effect of osteoporosis on osteoblast differentiation and the effect of the conditioned medium of osteoblasts cocultured with adipocytes on the differentiation of other osteoblasts. Osteoporosis was induced by orchiectomy in rats and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were differentiated into osteoblasts. Also, the bone marrow and adipose tissue MSCs were obtained from healthy rats and differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes, respectively. Messenger RNA expression, in situ alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization confirmed the inhibitory effect of osteoporosis on osteoblast differentiation. This harmful effect was mimicked by the in vitro model using the conditioned medium and it was demonstrated that osteoblasts keep the memory of the negative impact of interacting with adipocytes, revealing an unknown mechanism relevant to the osteoporotic bone loss. Finally, we showed the involvement of acetyl‐histone 3 (AcH3) in bone homeostasis as its reduction induced by osteoporosis and conditioned medium impaired osteoblast differentiation. The AcH3 involvement was proved by treating osteoblasts with Trichostatin A that recovered the AcH3 expression and osteoblast differentiation capacity in both situations. Together, our findings indicated that AcH3 might be a target for future studies focused on epigenetic‐based therapies to treat bone diseases.
Clinicohistological correlation of etiological spectrum of chronic liver disease diagnosed during noncirrhotic stages in children: Can need of liver biopsy be obviated?
Authors: Samanta Tryambak , Basu Rajarshi , Purkait Radheshyam , Kar Sudipta , Das Debasis , Ganguly Sutapa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimLimited data exist regarding the etiological spectrum of the subset of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) diagnosed in noncirrhotic states in children. Our primary objective was to study the clinicoetiological profile of CLDs detected in noncirrhotic stages in children younger than 12 years of age. The secondary objective was to find the hepatic histological correlation of provisional diagnosis by different ranks of doctors.MethodsThis was an observational epidemiological study, cross‐sectional in design, conducted in a tertiary‐care setting over a 2‐year period.ResultsThirty‐seven cases were enrolled, with a mean ± SD age of 8 ± 4.1 years and a male:female ratio of 1.8:1. Etiologies noted were Wilson disease (n = 8), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 4), secondary hemochromatosis (n = 4), chronic hepatitis B (n = 3), chronic hepatitis C (n = 2), non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (n = 2), progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (n = 2), extrahepatic biliary atresia (n = 2), Alagille syndrome (n = 1), galactosemia (n = 1), Gaucher disease (n = 1), Niemann‐Pick disease (n = 1), and Budd–Chiari syndrome (n = 1), with an inconclusive diagnosis in five children. Relevant investigations were ordered more frequently by the specialist consultant (SC) and super specialist (SS) combined in comparison with the senior resident (SR) and junior resident (JR) together. (P = 0.0013). Irrelevance of the tests ordered was significantly higher in the junior tier (JR and SR; SR > JR) in contrast to the senior tier of doctors (SC and SS) (P < 0.01). The clinicohistological correlation of an etiological diagnosis significantly differed between the junior and senior ranks of physicians. We noted that an ideal clinical acumen could help to avoid liver biopsy for etiological diagnosis in 78.3% (29/37) of the study population.ConclusionInterpretation of clinical presentation by the senior set of doctors is preferable, which could obviate the need for liver biopsy regarding diagnosis in a proportion of pediatric CLD patients.
Impact of gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery
Authors: Shimada Shingo , Kamiyama Toshiya , Kakisaka Tatsuhiko , Orimo Tatsuya , Nagatsu Akihisa , Asahi Yoh , Sakamoto Yuzuru , Abo Daisuke , Kamachi Hirofumi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimGadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB‐MRI) has been recognized as a useful imaging technique to distinguish the biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe analyzed 217 hepatectomy recipients with HCCs measuring 10 cm or less. We divided the patients into a decreased intensity (DI) group (n = 189, 87%) and an increased or neutral intensity (INI) group (n = 28, 13%) according to the ratio of tumor intensity to liver intensity during the hepatobiliary phase (HBP). According to the ratio of the maximum tumor diameter (including peritumoral hypointensity) between HBP images and precontrast T1‐weighted images (RHBPP), we divided the patients as follows: The group whose RHBPP was ≥1.036 was the high RHBPP group (n = 60, 28%), and the group whose RHBPP was <1.036 was the low RHBPP group (n = 157, 72%). We investigated the prognoses and clinicopathological characteristics of these patients.ResultsDI versus INI was not a prognostic factor for either survival or recurrence; however, a high RHBPP was an independent predictor of unfavorable survival and recurrence in patients. In addition, the INI group showed significantly lower α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels and higher rates of well‐differentiated HCC and ICGR15 ≥15% than the DI group. The high RHBPP group showed significantly higher rates of vascular invasion and poorly differentiated HCC than the low RHBPP group.ConclusionsA high RHBPP by EOB‐MRI is a preoperative predictor of vascular invasion and an unfavorable prognostic factor for survival and recurrence. These patients might be considered for highly curative operations such as anatomical liver resection.
Summer precipitation characteristics on the southern Tibetan plateau
Authors: Zeng Chen , Zhang Fan , Wang Li , Chen Deliang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrecipitation is an important source of streamflow and a critical parameter in hydrological studies. However, spatiotemporal variation of precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been poorly characterized due to the limited distribution of meteorological stations mostly in the lowlands. In this study, we set‐up rain gauges to study summer precipitation on mountain slopes in three catchments of the southern TP from 2013 to 2016. We studied the precipitation gradients (PGs) averaged during the Indian monsoon season (PGms), as well as daily PGs (PGd) and unit PGs (PGu) under various precipitation intensity grades (PIGs) and subdiurnal precipitation distributions. We also analysed the correlations between the PGs and precipitation amounts under various PIGs. Results showed that the mean PGms, PGd and PGu in the study catchments were 0.0071–0.0082% for monsoon season, 0.11–0.13 mm·100 m−1 d−1 and 2.2–3.1%·100 m−1 for the total (nonintensity‐graded) precipitation, but varied widely under different PIGs. PGms, PGd and PGu were all strongly correlated to precipitation amounts, which were relatively consistent between years but varied between different catchments. In addition, the correlations showed a steep positive slope under fine precipitation but became flat or even negative with increasing PIG. Generally, two distinct precipitation peaks were noted in each of the three catchments: a dispersed peak in the morning, and a stronger but sharper peak at around 18:00 LST; overall, this subdiurnal pattern was temporally stable. The mean precipitation durations of the three catchments were approximately 1.0–1.4 hr (nonintensity‐graded) and increased from <0.5 hr, to <1 hr, 2–5 hr and 6–11 hr for trace, light, moderate and heavy precipitation intensities, respectively. Among the various PG units, both PGd and PGu better represented precipitation at different altitudes than that of PGms. Summer precipitation in the study catchments was influenced more by valley‐scale convection than by large‐scale monsoon circulation.
Clinicopathological and prognostic analyses of 86 resected pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinomas
Authors: Chen Jiafei , Gu Chang , Chen Xiaojian , Dai Chenyang , Zhao Shengnan , Xie Huikang , Fei Ke , Chen Chang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare subtype of primary lung cancer. The present study aims at investigating clinicopathological features and prognostic characteristics of the resected pulmonary LELC.MethodsPatients with resected pulmonary LELC were identified in our hospital from December 2008 to December 2018. Data of these patients were retrospectively reviewed, clinicopathological features and prognostic characteristics were analyzed subsequently.ResultsIn total, 86 patients were enrolled in the study, including 39 (45.3%) males and 47 (54.7%) females. Most of the serum tumor markers were normal. Immunohistochemical staining result showed frequent differentiation traits of epithelial tissue such. Positive PD‐L1 (15 of 19, 78.9%) and PD‐1 (13 of 17, 76.5%) were also common, but cancer‐related genetic mutation was scarce (1 of 47, 2.1%). Survival analyses demonstrated that the N stage (p = .011) and extent of resection (p = .023) were identified as independent predictive factors for overall survival.ConclusionsPulmonary LELC is a distinctive subtype of lung cancer with several exclusive traits, such as the trend to happen among nonsmoking young people, epithelial origin of tumor differentiation, frequent expression of the immune checkpoint, and scarce presence of driver mutation. In addition, pulmonary LELC was apt to get a favorable outcome, especially in cases diagnosed and treated in the early stage.