bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspiring to a Good Life: Rural–Urban Mobility and Young People's Desires in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Dodd Lucy M. M. 
Published: July 2020

ResumenAs comunidades rurais e indígenas assumem uma responsabilidade crescente pela conservação ambiental na América Latina. No Brasil, essas comunidades estão mediando compromissos com atores cujas expectativas de gestão ambiental frequentemente negligenciam seus anseios de vida e aspirações de bem‐estar. Com base no trabalho de campo etnográfico com ribeirinhos na Reserva Gurupá‐Melgaço, no Pará, descrevo como os jovens conciliam seus desejos com as expectativas e discursos de “tradicionalidade.” À medida que as cidades pequenas se urbanizam e o transporte melhora, eles têm maior mobilidade para buscar educação e emprego fora da reserva. Esses jovens continuam a contribuir com suas comunidades rurais, porém suas expectativas de vida rural estão mudando. Eu argumento que os jovens da Amazônia desejam autonomia para se engajar criativamente com áreas rurais e urbanas, meios de subsistência diversos, novas tecnologias e mercadorias tanto para satisfazer suas aspirações por uma “boa vida” como para desafiar noções convencionais de “tradicionalidade.” [circulação rural‐urbana, Amazônia, middle ground, populações tradicionais, povos indígenas, cultura dos jovens]
Rural‐Urban Disparities in Pancreatic Cancer Stage of Diagnosis: Understanding the Interaction With Medically Underserved Areas
Authors: Segel Joel E. , Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Gusani Niraj J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo estimate differences in pancreatic cancer diagnosis stage by rurality of patient residence and residence in a medically underserved area (MUA).MethodsUsing 2010‐2016 Pennsylvania Cancer Registry data, we restrict our analysis to adults diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. We categorize each patient's residence by Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC): (1) metro; (2) nonmetro adjacent with population ≥20,000; (3) nonmetro adjacent with population <20,000; (4) nonmetro nonadjacent, and (5) completely rural; also by whether the county was a full MUA, partial MUA, or non‐MUA. We examine the percent of patients diagnosed with local and locoregional stage of disease for each residential rurality and MUA status grouping. We estimate multivariate linear probability models of local and locoregional stage of diagnosis while controlling for demographics, insurance type, year, rurality, and MUA status. Finally, we estimate models interacting rurality with MUA status to disentangle the relative impact of each on diagnostic stage.FindingsWe find that no pancreatic patients living in completely rural areas were diagnosed at the local stage, the lowest of all categories of rurality. In adjusted models, we find that patients living in completely rural areas have significantly lower rates of local and local/regional stage of diagnosis. The estimates are attenuated slightly when controlling for MUA.ConclusionsWe find significantly lower rates of early stage pancreatic cancer diagnosis for patients living in completely rural areas. While lack of primary medical care resources is an important factor, rural residence remains an important independent predictor in later stage of diagnosis.
RHDV2 epidemic in UK pet rabbits. Part 2: PCR results and correlation with vaccination status
Authors: Harcourt‐Brown F. M. , Harcourt‐Brown N. , Joudou L. M. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo report PCR results and vaccination status of rabbits with rabbit haemorrhagic disease following an investigation into sudden or unexpected death.Materials and MethodsPCR testing for RHDV2 and RHDV1 was performed on rabbit liver samples at two laboratories. Laboratory A reported results as positive or negative; Laboratory B reported results quantitatively as RNA copies per mg liver, categorised as negative, inconclusive or positive. The vaccination status of rabbits with both histopathological features of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and positive PCR test results were collated.ResultsPCR results matched histopathological findings in 188 of 195 (96%) cases. Seven individuals showed equivocal results, all of which had histopathological features of RHD but three tested PCR‐negative and four results conflicted between laboratories. RHDV2 was the serotype detected in all PCR‐positive cases. Histological features of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and PCR test results were positive in 125 rabbits; 51 unvaccinated, 56 in‐date with Nobivac Myxo‐RHD and 13 vaccinated against RHDV2 – although nine of these were vaccinated within 10 days of death.Clinical SignificancePCR testing complements histopathology in cases of sudden death in rabbits by confirming the diagnosis and identifying virus serotype, but there can be false negatives. Although RHDV2 is currently prevalent in UK pet rabbits, vaccination against both RHDV1 and RHDV2 is recommended. Failures of RHDV2 vaccine are infrequent.
Molecular detection of Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae in human blood and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Sergentomyia minuta: unexpected host‐parasite contacts
Authors: Pombi M. , Giacomi A. , Barlozzari G. , Mendoza‐Roldan J. , Macrì G. , Otranto D. , Gabrielli S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe detection of atypical Kinetoplastida in vertebrate hosts and vectors might suggest unexpected host‐parasite contacts. Aside to major vectors of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Italy (e.g. Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus perfiliewi), the sand fly fauna also includes Sergentomyia minuta, herpetophilic and proven vector of Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae, in which records of blood meal on mammals and detection of L. infantum DNA are increasing. This study was conducted in Central Italy aiming to molecularly detect potential atypical Leishmania host‐vector contacts. Detection of Leishmania spp. DNA was performed by polymerase chain reaction (SSU rRNA, ITS1 targets) on field‐collected sand fly females (N = 344), blood samples from humans (N = 185) and dogs (N = 125). Blood meal identification was also performed on engorged sand flies. Leishmania spp. DNA was found in 13.1% sand flies, 3.7% humans and 14.4% dogs. Sequence analysis identified L. infantum in S. minuta (4.4%), P. perniciosus (9.1%), humans (2.2%) and dogs (14.4%). Leishmania tarentolae was detected in S. minuta (12.6%), P. perfiliewi (6.6%) and human (1.6%) samples. Of 28 S. minuta examined for blood meal, 3.6 and 21.4% scored positive for human and lizard DNA, respectively. These results indicate the importance of one‐health approach to explore new potential routes of transmission of leishmaniasis involving S. minuta.
Power in Child Caregiving in a Patrilineal Ghanaian Society: Implications for Childcare Research and Practice
Authors: Drah Bright B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEthnographic research on childcare has focused on understanding the influence of cultural contexts on childcare. The research, however, lacks discussions of a child's caregiver as a position of power, and analysis of the knowledge underpinning childcare. Consequently, much remains unknown about the adults responsible for childcare, the significance of their roles, and the values that shape their actions. This paper analyzes how the meanings embedded within the position of “child's caregiver” and the narratives around the position influence childcare practices in Manya Klo, Ghana. The findings suggest that research has overlooked the influence of power in analyses of childcare roles and identifying children's caregivers. The findings challenge the use of female household headship, direct observation of parent–child contact, provision of material goods, and fathers’ absence as bases for determining children's caregivers. The differences in the meanings of childcare concepts create different expectations for local communities and external agencies that support children.
Bayesian analyses in phylogenetic palaeontology: interpreting the posterior sample
Authors: Wright April M. , Lloyd Graeme T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstablishing hypotheses of relationships is a critical prerequisite for any macroevolutionary analysis, but different approaches exist for achieving this goal. Amongst palaeontologists using morphological data the Bayesian approach is increasingly preferred over parsimony, but this shift also alters the way we think about samples of trees. Here we revisit stratigraphic congruence as a comparator between Bayesian and parsimony samples, but in a new visual context: treespace. Such spaces represent an ordination of unique topologies that can also be extended to create a ‘landscape’ where altitude represents some comparative measure (here congruence with stratigraphy). By co‐opting existing visualization tools and applying them to a meta‐analysis of 128 cladistic data sets we show that there is no consistent favouring of either Bayesian or parsimony according to stratigraphic congruence metrics, and further that empirical treespace visualizations suggest a complex variety of topological landscapes. We conclude by arguing that treespaces should become a standard exploratory tool in phylogenetic analysis.
Enhanced OsNLP4‐OsNiR cascade confers nitrogen use efficiency by promoting tiller number in rice
Authors: Yu Jun , Xuan Wei , Tian Yunlu , Fan Lei , Sun Juan , Tang Weijie , Chen Gaoming , Wang Baoxiang , Liu Yan , Wu Wei , Liu Xiaolan , Jiang Xingzhou , Zhou Cong , Dai Zhaoyang , Xu Dayong , Wang Chunming , Wan Jianmin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreased use of nitrogen fertilizers has deleterious impact on the environment. Increase in yield potential at low nitrogen supply is regarded as a cereal breeding goal for future agricultural sustainability. Although natural variations of nitrogen transporters have been investigated, key genes associated with assimilation remain largely unexplored for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) enhancement. Here, we identified a NIN‐like protein NLP4 associated with NUE through a GWAS in rice. We found that OsNLP4 transactivated OsNiR encoding nitrite reductase that was critical in nitrogen assimilation in rice. We further constructed quadrupling NREs (Nitrate‐responsive cis‐elements) in the promoter of OsNiR (p4xNRE:OsNiR) and enhanced nitrogen assimilation significantly. We demonstrated that OsNLP4‐OsNiR increased tiller number and yield through enhancing nitrogen assimilation and NUE. Our discovery highlights the genetic modulation of OsNLP4‐OsNiR signalling cascade as a strategy for high NUE and yield breeding in rice.
Effects of task‐irrelevant or filler items on brain mechanisms of visual spatial attention
Authors: Drisdelle Brandi Lee , Corriveau Isabelle , Fortier‐Gauthier Ulysse , Jolicoeur Pierre 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany visual search paradigms use color to distinguish task‐relevant items from those considered fillers (e.g., blue task‐relevant items and grey fillers). Hilimire and colleagues suggested that the N2pc, a lateralized electrophysiological component typically observed in visual attention, is a neural correlate for localized attentional interference, which postulates that target selection is degraded by nearby competing stimuli. In their study, N2pc amplitude decreased with decreasing distance between task‐relevant items presented among fillers. With an increase in distance, however, there was also an increase in the number of fillers between task‐relevant items. We tested whether this distance effect could be explained by the presence of fillers near task‐relevant items rather than their proximity per se. We manipulated the distance between task‐relevant items (adjacent, separated by two, or by four positions) and the presence/absence of fillers orthogonally. We used two color schemes: blue task‐relevant items and grey fillers or grey task‐relevant items and blue fillers (manipulated between‐subjects) to control for color interactions. N2pc amplitude increased with increasing distance, but only when fillers were present, suggesting that the results of Hilimire et al. may be due to increasing fillers interference. Exploratory analyses also suggested that the colors selected to be task‐relevant and task‐irrelevant could play a role in our ability to filter task‐irrelevant information. Our results suggest that fillers are not as inconsequential as sometimes assumed and generally support the Ambiguity Resolution Theory, where nearby items increase N2pc amplitude because of a greater need for focused attention.
Oxidative stress and use of antioxidants in fish semen cryopreservation
Authors: Sandoval‐Vargas Leydy , Silva Jiménez Mauricio , Risopatrón González Jennie , Villalobos Elías Figueroa , Cabrita Elsa , Valdebenito Isler Iván 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as one of the main causes of the impairment of fish spermatozoa integrity and functionality during cryopreservation. The high content of unsaturated fatty acids in sperm cells and the low antioxidant capacity of diluted semen are key factors in making sperm cells susceptible to ROS attacks. For this reason, some recent studies have determined the antioxidant status of the seminal plasma and spermatozoa of fish species. Additionally, some studies have evaluated the effects of antioxidants on post‐thaw sperm quality. Although ROS are certainly involved in sperm damage, other factors, such as ice crystal formation, seem to play a crucial role in cryodamage. This challenge has not yet been resolved because both the endogenous antioxidant capacity of the semen and its response to different supplementation practices seem to present specific inter‐ and intraspecies characteristics and effects. This review summarises knowledge on antioxidant defence and oxidative stress in fish semen, as well as antioxidant supplementation in cryopreservation media, in order to establish perspectives for future studies.
The Unavailability of Authorial Intent
Authors: Lin Szu‐Yen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMonroe C. Beardsley's unavailability argument is one of the most underrated anti‐intentionalist arguments in the philosophy of interpretation. The main idea of this argument is that, since independent evidence of authorial intent is normally unavailable, the literary interpreter should focus on what a text means rather than on what the author intends it to mean. In this article I propose a revised version of the argument to show that the unavailability of authorial intent suffices to make actual intentionalism untenable as a recommendation for finding out textual meaning.
Frequency of allotype “b” in human platelet antigen 1 to 29 systems among blood donors in Japan estimated using high‐resolution melt analysis
Authors: Hayashi Tomoya , Aminaka Ryota , Ishii Hiroyuki , Tani Yoshihiko , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Takihara Yoshihiro , Hirayama Fumiya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntibodies against human platelet antigens (HPAs) cause thrombocytopenias. It is thus important to know the frequency of “b” allotypes in each HPA system for the diagnosis and treatment of anti‐HPA antibody‐mediated thrombocytopenia.Study Design and MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells obtained from 2170 blood donors in Japan and was subjected to high‐resolution melt (HRM) analysis using polymerase chain reaction for each of the HPA genes, using 23 primer pairs. For genotyping, the resulting amplicons were classified based on their HRM curves. In some cases, direct sequence analysis was performed after HRM analysis to determine nucleotide substitutions. In cases where amino acid substitutions were predicted, protein expression levels were examined in a cell line using 293T cells.ResultsThe frequencies of each of the HPA‐b genotypes were as follows: HPA‐1b, 0.4%; HPA‐2b, 11.8%; HPA‐3b, 41.3%; HPA‐4b, 0.8%; HPA‐5b, 4.3%; HPA‐6b, 1.9%; HPA‐15b, 48.8%; HPA‐21b, 0.6%; and “b” allotype in the other HPA systems, 0.0%. Twenty‐eight variants were found; nine of them were predicted to cause amino acid substitution. However, expression analysis revealed that they did not affect protein expression levels on the cell surface.ConclusionNine HPA systems are of primary importance in Japan in potentially triggering thrombocytopenia via the HPA antibodies. Similar studies in other countries or races, together with ours, could provide basic information for clinicians in multiethnic societies.
Colonic torsion in 4 Great Danes
Authors: Czajkowski Peter S. , Fryer Katy J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe 4 Great Danes with colonic torsions and describe the risk of torsion recurrence in this breed, which has not previously been reported. This study also describes pneumocolon as a rapid and noninvasive diagnostic for confirmation of colonic torsion.Series summaryFour Great Danes were presented with nonspecific gastrointestinal (GI) clinical signs. Colonic torsion was diagnosed in each case with either plain radiography identifying pneumocolon or contrast radiography (barium enema). Bloodwork in each case revealed nonspecific changes. Each case had a previous gastropexy, 3 of which were prophylactic and 1 as a surgical emergency for gastric dilatation–volvulus. Three cases had favorable outcomes with emergency surgical intervention and returned to normal activity levels with resolution of clinical signs. Two cases of colonic torsion recurred, 1 of which occurred subsequent to a prior left‐sided colopexy. One case of recurrence had persistent clinical signs following surgical revision and was euthanized.New or unique information providedThis is the first report describing pneumocolon to identify a colonic torsion, providing a rapid and low‐morbidity diagnostic aid and to describe the recurrence of colonic torsion in 2 dogs. Support to a previous hypothesis for an association between colonic torsion and altered GI motility is provided. Prior publications reporting colonic torsion and entrapment in German Shepherd Dogs associated with disruption of the duodenocolic ligament reported no recurrence following correction without colopexy. The recurrence in these 2 dogs suggests colonic torsion in Great Danes may represent a different or more severe form of this condition.
Exposure of domestic swine to influenza A viruses in Ghana suggests unidirectional, reverse zoonotic transmission at the human–animal interface
Authors: Ayim‐Akonor Matilda , Mertens Eva , May Jürgen , Harder Timm 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) have both zoonotic and anthroponotic potential and are of public and veterinary importance. Swine are intermediate hosts and ‘mixing vessels’ for generating reassortants, progenies of which may harbour pandemic propensity. Swine handlers are at the highest risk of becoming infected with IAVs from swine but there is little information on the ecology of IAVs at the human–animal interface in Africa. We analysed and characterized nasal and throat swabs from swine and farmers respectively, for IAVs using RT‐qPCR, from swine farms in the Ashanti region, Ghana. Sera were also analysed for IAVs antibodies and serotyped using ELISA and HI assays. IAV was detected in 1.4% (n = 17/1,200) and 2.0% (n = 2/99) of swine and farmers samples, respectively. Viral subtypes H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 were found in human samples. All virus‐positive swine samples were subtyped as H1N1pdm09 phylogenetically clustering closely with H1N1pdm09 that circulated among humans during the study period. Phenotypic markers that confer sensitivity to Oseltamivir were found. Serological prevalence of IAVs in swine and farmers by ELISA was 3.2% (n = 38/1,200) and 18.2% (n = 18/99), respectively. Human H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 antibodies were found in both swine and farmers sera. Indigenous swine influenza A viruses and/or antibodies were not detected in swine or farmers samples. Majority (98%, n = 147/150) of farmers reported of not wearing surgical mask and few (4%, n = 6) reported to wear gloves when working. Most (n = 74, 87.7%) farmers reported of working on the farm when experiencing influenza‐like illness. Poor husbandry and biosafety practices of farmers could facilitate virus transmission across the human–swine interface. Farmers should be educated on the importance of good farm practices to mitigate influenza transmission at the human–animal interface.
Identification of focus areas for Australian Bat Lyssavirus potential exposure prevention in the Metro North Hospital and Health Service region
Authors: May Fiona , Mann Kay , Francis Daniel , Young Megan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAustralian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV) is a fatal rabies‐like disease spread to humans from bats. All people who report bat bites or scratches in Queensland are considered potentially exposed to ABLV and are followed up and treated to prevent ABLV. Preventing members of the public intentionally interacting with bats will reduce the number of potential exposures to ABLV. In order to target public health messaging, this study examines the epidemiology of potential ABLV exposures in Metro North Hospital and Health Service (HHS), a region of Queensland that encompasses metro and rural areas in the south‐east of the state. People who intentionally handled bats during the study period were more likely to be adult (93%), male (60%), scratched (51%) by a megabat (72%) and been potentially exposed while rescuing the bat when it was trapped or injured (72%). The number of potential exposures reported in Queensland has increased since 2013; the same year, a Queensland child died of ABLV. Seasonally, exposures are more common during bat breeding and nursing periods when bats are more active (summer to autumn). Although there were more notifications in a band stretching north from the inner city to northern metro suburbs, notification rates were higher in large rural statistical areas in the north of the HHS. These data will be used to develop geographically targeted ABLV prevention messaging for the general public.