bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitudes of Caregivers’ of People with Schizophrenia towards the Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Regional Psychiatric Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Blessing E. A. Uteh , Sunday O. Olotu , Joyce O. Omoaregba , Bawo O. James 
Published: November 2020

Aim: To ascertain the attitudes of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia comprising their knowledge of the illness and social distance towards people with the illness.
Study Design: A cross sectional study design.
Place and Duration of Study: Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria, between April and July 2015.
Methodology: A systematic random sample of caregiver/patient dyads (n=281) were recruited. Caregivers were administered a socio-demographic questionnaire and, a brief interview on their knowledge of the aetiological factors, treatment for schizophrenia and level of social distance towards people with schizophrenia. Patients were administered a socio-demographic questionnaire and the PANSS.
Results: Three hundred and forty-one caregivers were approached but 281 gave consent and participated in the study (response rate was 82%, level of significance value was set at p<0.05 and 95% confidence interval was used). Among the 281 caregivers surveyed, 22.7% mostly ascribed psychosocial cause for schizophrenia, their level of knowledge of schizophrenia was generally average (49.5%). More than two-thirds of the caregivers reported high social distancing. Better attitudes to schizophrenia among caregivers was significantly associated with caregivers who were unemployed (p<0.03) and caregivers whose patients’ had at least 12 years of formal education (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Average knowledge of disease aetiology among caregivers was associated with high social distancing. Qualitative studies are required to explore the interactions of these identified factors.
Positron Emission Tomography /Computed Tomography Follow-Up in Patients with Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancies
Authors: Eltahan Abdellatief Mohammed Khairy , Din Mohamad Abd El-Hamid Alm El- , Aziz Alsiagy Ali Abdel- , Mashaly Emad Mohamad 
Published: November 2020

Background: PET/CT has an increasing role in the oncology field, including GIT. The role of PET/CT is more significant in the follow-up than initial staging and diagnosis as it helps in therapy assessment and detects recurrence and metastasis. In esophageal cancer, it helps by detecting the distant metastasis and discover synchronous neoplasm. Also, it is acclaimed to help in early detection of the response of the patient to chemo and radiotherapy. In the follow-up, it may be useful to detect recurrence. PET/CT has a minimal role in gastric cancer, as it shows no superiority over C.T. alone. For Colorectal Cancer, PET/CT has a good value in cases of suspected liver or lung metastasis and local recurrence after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PET/CT on treatment decision & follow-up of patients with gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study and was done retrospectively by collecting data and records of 47 GIT malignancy patients who underwent PET/CT during or after treatment. At PET/CT unit, Diagnostic Radiology Department in Educational hospitals - Tanta University between July 2015 and December 2017.
Results: The patients were mainly colorectal in the site and primarily adenocarcinoma in type. We found that 27.7% of cases treatment plans were influenced by the PET/CT results, the percentage is highest with colon cancer (40%) then rectal cancer (25%), and our few esophageal, gastric, intestinal malignancies cases have shown no influence which is due to a small number of cases. PET/CT seems to have the best add value in patients with colorectal cancer with metastasis with a 66.7% change in treatment plans. Six patients had inconclusive results of PET/CT due to scan limitations.
Conclusion: Relying on PET/CT in clinical decisions in esophageal or gastric cancer is not encouraged unless in case of clinical or imaging suspicion of recurrence. On the other hand, PET/CT is useful in detecting post-treatment metastasis and local recurrence in colorectal cancer.
Stenting versus Pharmacological Therapy in Treatment of Single Vessel Intermediate Culprit Lesion Stenosis in Acute St-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shalaby Hazem K. , Saied Ayman Mohammed El , Kasem Hanan , Salama Mai , Badr Seham Fahmy 
Published: November 2020

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation has been the standard therapy in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Compared with medical treatment alone, stent implanting can achieve larger lumen gain and helps to reduce the re-occlusion risk of the infarct-related artery.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of stenting of single vessel intermediate culprit lesion stenosis to pharmacological treatment alone in acute STEMI patients.
Methods: This study was prospective comparative interventional case series. It included 60 patients admitted to coronary care unit of our University hospital with acute STEMI. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examination, 12 leads ECG, echocardiography and cardiac catheterization and angiography (TIMI flow and corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) was reported. Patients selected were those with intermediate culprit lesion (40-70%) single vessel stenosis.
Patients were divided into 2 groups:
Group A: 30 patients who underwent stenting of the culprit lesion in addition to standard pharmacological treatment.
Group B: 30 patients who received pharmacological treatment and no stenting (Glycoprotein II b/IIIa inhibitor in addition to the standard pharmacological treatment).
Patients were followed up for 12 months and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were reported (death, myocardial infarction, coronary re-vascularization, stroke and hospitalization because of heart failure).
Results: 63.3% of group A patients reported complete ST segment resolution versus 30% of group B (P=0.034). TIMI Flow showed statistically significant difference in group A compared to group B regarding (P value=0.005) Group A reported slow fast blood flow (CTFC<60) in 1 patient (3.3%) while in group B it was reported in 5 patients (16%). There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding CTFC (P value=0.029). At 12 months follow up, MACE were reported in one patient of group A versus 4 patients of group B (P value >0.05).
Conclusion: Stent implantation reported better immediate efficacy and safety results among acute STEMI patients with single vessel intermediate culprit lesion stenosis and favourable effects in reducing MACE.
Computational Exploration of Potential Polo-Like Kinase 1 Inhibitors as New Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Alamri Mubarak A. , Alafnan Ahmed D. 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Polo like kinase-1 (PLK-1) enzyme belongs to serine/threonine protein kinase family that is regarded as a principle mitotic controller of G2-M phase transition. The antimitotic therapies are a cornerstone for the treatment of metastatic as well as benign cancer. Therefore, PLK-1 has recently gained much interest in the field of targeting it by novel and effective inhibitors.
Materials and Methods: The present study described the used of pharmacophore modelling based on the potent and selective clinical agent, Volasertib and followed by hybrid selection of a kinase inhibitors databank of 4800 diverse compounds by pharmacophore- and docking-based virtual screening.
Results: The retrieved hits were filtered on the bases of their pharmacophore-fit scores, docking binding affinity scores, ADME-T profiles as well as ligand quality assessments. Among the five hit compounds that fulfil the criterion, three compounds, Z1991791422, Z56115729 and Z1991791176 were selected for binding dynamic analyses by molecular dynamic simulation. The Z1991791422 and Z56115729 compounds illustrated stable binding behaviours at the proposed binding site. Conclusion: Thus, these compounds might emerge as potent inhibitors of PLK1 and could be applied as seeds for designing better PLK1 inhibitors in near future.
A Hierarchical Janus Nanofibrous Membrane Combining Direct Osteogenesis and Osteoimmunomodulatory Functions for Advanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wang Qian , Feng Yunbo , He Min , Zhao Weifeng , Qiu Li , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn ideal guided bone regeneration membrane (GBRM) is expected not only to perform barrier function, but also to enhance osteogenesis and resist bacteria infection. However, currently available membranes have limited bioactivities. To address this challenge, a Janus GBRM (JGM) is designed and fabricated by sequential fractional electrospinning here. The random gelatin fibers loaded with hydroxyapatite (HAP) are designed as the inner face to promote the osteoblasts’ adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, meanwhile the aligned poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers loaded with poly(methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride‐co‐2‐Aminoethyl 2‐methylacrylate hydrochloride) (P(DMC‐AMA)) are designed as the outer layer to resist epithelia invasion and bacterial infection. In vitro assays reveal that the inner face displays enhanced osteogenic effects, meanwhile the outer surface can regulate the epithelia to spread along the aligned direction and kill the contacted bacteria. Interestingly, the outer face can induce macrophages to polarize toward the M2 phenotype, thus manipulating a favorable osteoimmune environment. These results suggest that the JGM simultaneously meets the critical requirements of barrier, osteogenic, antibacterial, and osteoimmunomodulatory functions. Consequently, the JGM shows better in vivo bone tissue regeneration performance than the commercial Bio‐Gide membrane. This work provides a novel platform to design multi‐functional membranes/scaffolds, displaying great potential applications in tissue engineering.
Informing Food Security and Nutrition Strategies in Sub‐Saharan African Countries: An Overview and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Abdul Mumin Yazeed , Abdulai Awudu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents a systematic review of the literature on policy options to improve food security and nutrition in developing countries, and an empirical analysis of the impact of smallholder market participation on food security and nutrition in Ghana. The review focuses on the impacts of policy strategies such as structural changes in relative prices, agricultural infrastructure, economic incentives, and agricultural technologies. To account for threats of selection bias and omitted variable problem, the empirical analysis uses an ordered probit selection model to jointly estimate households' market orientation decisions and food and nutrients consumption. The empirical results show that transitioning from one market orientation to another significantly increase households' food and nutrients consumption.
Leaf dorsoventrality candidate gene CpARF4 has conserved expression pattern but divergent tasiR‐ARF regulation in the water fern Ceratopteris pteridoides
Authors: Sun Jun , Li Gui‐Sheng 
Published: November 2020

PREMISELeaves are traditionally classified into microphylls and megaphylls, and recently have been regarded as independently originating in lycophytes, ferns, and seed plants. The developmental genetics of leaf dorsoventrality, a synapomorphy in vascular plants, has been extensively studied in flowering plants. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR4 (ARF4) genes are key to leaf abaxial identity in flowering plants, but whether they exist in ferns is still an open question.METHODSARF4 genes from Ceratopteris pteridoides, Cyrtomium guizhouense, and Parathelypteris nipponica were mined from transcriptomes and investigated in terms of evolutionary phylogeny and sequence motifs, with a focus on the tasiR‐ARF binding site. In situ hybridization was used to localize expression of CpARF4 in Ceratopteris pteridoides. 5′RNA ligase‐mediated‐RACE was employed to verify whether CpARF4 transcripts were sliced by tasiR‐ARF.RESULTSARF4 genes exist in ferns, and this lineage originates from a gene duplication in the common ancestor of ferns and seed plants. ARF4 genes are of a single copy in the ferns studied here, and they contain divergent and, at most, one tasiR‐ARF binding site. CpARF4 is expressed in the abaxial but not the adaxial domain of leaf primordia at various developmental stages. Transcript slicing guided by tasiR‐ARF is active in C. pteridoides, but CpARF4 probably has not been affected by it.CONCLUSIONSFern ARF4 genes differ in copy number and tasiR‐ARF regulation relative to flowering plants, though they can be similarly expressed in the abaxial domain of leaves, revealing a key role for ARF4 genes in the evolution of leaf dorsoventrality of vascular plants.
Re‐Member MOVE: The Anatomy of a Reconciliation
Authors: Thompson Pauline B. , Slaughter Ulysses 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOn May 13, 1985, Philadelphia city officials authorized the dropping of a bomb on a house in a residential neighborhood, killing 11 people of the MOVE organization—including five children—destroying 61 homes and rendering nearly 250 residents homeless. The years leading up to this tragedy involved multiple instances of police brutality, one of which resulted in the more than 40‐year incarceration of nine MOVE members (commonly known as the MOVE 9). In this first‐person account, we review literature on reconciliation and apologies, explore the value of reconciliation in community psychology, and reflect on our involvement as a reconciliation strategist and a community psychologist in initiating, developing and facilitating a reconciliation process. A model of iterative reconciliation as a creative multilevel and multipurpose tool relevant for community psychology is proposed. The reconciliation process began in September 2018 between key players involved with the MOVE organization and Philadelphia officials and community members and family and involved multiple community gatherings and conversations with many stakeholders. Ultimately, through the extensive reconciliation process, the authors facilitated the issuing of an apology on May 13, 2020 by the Council of the City of Philadelphia.
Clinical charts for surveillance of growth and body proportion development in achondroplasia and examples of their use
Authors: Neumeyer Luitgard , Merker Andrea , Hagenäs Lars 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClinical surveillance of infants and children with achondroplasia necessitates syndrome‐specific charts due to extreme short stature with deviating body proportions. Height, arm span and leg length develop far below normal population ranges. We present growth and body proportion charts for ages 0–20 years, constructed from semi‐longitudinal standardized measurements of about 450 children, along with some examples of achondroplasia typical and atypical growth pattern. We combine head circumference, height and weight for 0–4 years into one (infancy) page and height and weight for 4–20 years in another (childhood–adolescence) using nonlinear axes to account for the rapidly decreasing growth velocity. Similarly, weight and BMI are based on nonlinear axes to balance wide SD‐channels at higher and narrow SD‐channels at lower levels of weight/BMI. Charts for following sitting height, sitting height/height ratio, arm span, leg and foot length are also presented. Clinical examples illustrating the applicability of the charts include cases of extreme prematurity, extreme head circumference development before and after shunting, achondroplasia complicated by chromosomal or additional genetic abnormality and by growth hormone deficiency as well as of evaluating growth promoting therapy.
Visible‐Light‐Enabled Enantioconvergent Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Synergistic Brønsted Acid/Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Che Chao , Li Yi‐Nan , Cheng Xiang , Lu Yi‐Nan , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn unprecedented radical cross‐coupling reaction was achieved between glycine esters and racemic α‐bromoketones catalyzed by synergistic Brønsted acid/photoredox catalysis, thus serving as an efficient platform for the synthesis of highly valuable enantioenriched unnatural α‐amino acid derivatives. This dual catalysis provides a powerful capability to control the reactive radical intermediate and iminium ion, thereby enabling enantioconvergent bond‐formation in a highly stereochemical manner. An array of valuable enantioenriched unnatural α‐amino acid derivatives bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers are readily accessible with high diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity, which include α‐amino acids with a unique β‐fluorinated quaternary stereocenter or its β‐all‐carbon counterpart. A strong chiral amplification effect was observed in this dual catalytic system.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Aldol‐Type Reaction of Allylazaarenes
Authors: Wang Si‐Qing , Liu Zong‐Ci , Yue Wen‐Jun , Yin Liang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA vinylogous aldol‐type reaction of allylazaarenes and aldehydes is disclosed that affords a series of chiral γ‐hydroxyl‐α,β‐unsaturated azaarenes in moderate to excellent yields with high to excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities. With (R,RP)‐TANIAPHOS and (R,R)‐QUINOXP* as the ligand, the carbon‐carbon double bond in the products is generated in (E)‐form. With (R)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS as the ligand, (Z)‐form carbon‐carbon double bond is formed in the major product. In this vinylogous reaction, aromatic, α,β‐unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes are competent substrates. Moreover, a variety of azaarenes, such as pyrimidine, pyridine, pyrazine, quinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, and benzo[d]imidazole are well‐tolerated. At last, the chiral vinylogous product is demonstrated as a suitable Michael acceptor towards CuI‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition with organomagnesium reagents.
Describing, organizing, and maintaining video game development artifacts
Authors: McDonald Claire , Schmalz Marc , Monheim Allee , Keating Stephen , Lewin Kelsey , Cifaldi Frank , Lee Jin Ha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGame development artifacts resulting from the creation process of video games, such as design documents, style guides, test builds, and marketing materials, provide rich contextual information about how and why the game was created. Better organizing and preserving these materials will not only enrich our understanding of the history of these media but also educate and inspire the next generation of video game creators. This research aims to improve our theoretical understanding of how to organize and represent game development artifacts by examining the various types of artifacts created and their attendant issues and challenges. We adopted a multimethod approach employing an examination of existing collections and 29 interviews with creators, information professionals, and game researchers. From these data, we analyze the current practices, expressed values, and perceived challenges of these stakeholders, produce a taxonomy of game development artifacts, and provide best practices recommendations for describing them.
The cost of non‐kidney conserving catheterization
Authors: Myla Madhura , Blankenship James C. 
Published: November 2020

Key Points
Data from an administrative database with over 2 million patients from 2012 to 2017 shows that acute kidney injury (AKI) from contrast nephropathy is steadily increasing, is associated with death and complications, and costs $7,000 ‐ $9,000 per case.
Widespread recommendations to pre‐hydrate patients and limit contrast dose have not stemmed the tide of AKI over the past decade.
Several technologies to reduce AKI have been developed but none have reached widespread use. Considering the human and financial cost of AKI, the interventional community should resolve to more aggressively develop and test new technologies.
A look into stent‐related thrombus‐burden: Bivalirudin versus heparin
Authors: Rajagopalan Priya , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: November 2020

Key Points
Use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) adds an assessment of thrombus burden remaining on stents after PCI for acute coronary syndromes.
Potential variations in stent‐related thrombus burden can be documented by OCT as a function of peri‐procedural pharmacology supporting the use of OCT in future hypothesis testing.
Bivalirudin remains a reliable and expensive alternative to heparin in cases of HIT or patients at high bleeding risk during transfemoral PCI.
A giant splenic hydatid cyst: Why calcified cysts should not be considered as a dead cyst
Authors: Hashemzadeh Shahriar , Rezabakhsh Aysa , Rahbarghazi Reza , Amini Hassan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur case report showed that peripheral wall calcification of the hydatid cyst does not mean inactivation of the cyst and calcification of cyst wall may occur in all stages of disease.
Euglycemic DKA (euDKA) as a presentation of COVID‐19
Authors: Dass Bhagwan , Beck Andrew , Holmes Cody , Morton Glenville 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 in the setting of SGLT2 inhibitor use may precipitate euglycemic DKA separate from known acute viral illness and dehydration precipitants. There should be consideration of proactive discontinuation of these medications in these patients.
Case report: Professional cyclist diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee grade II
Authors: Velázquez‐Saornil Jorge , Campón Chekroun Angélica , Sánchez Jiménez Elena , Martín Jiménez Ana , Vicente García Manuel , Gómez Sánchez Sonia , Méndez Sánchez Encarnación , Sánchez Milá Zacarías 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAfter a physical therapy treatment on the injured knee and a biomechanical study of the position on the bicycle, the symptomatology of the patient's injured knee has improved.
Ectopic insulin secretion by a large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Wang Mawson , Vasey Quinlan , Varikatt Winny , Mclean Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn patients presenting with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with a nonpancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, the diagnosis of an ectopic insulin‐secreting tumor should be considered, and investigated further with confirmatory insulin staining.
A rare cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Iconaru Laura , Spinato Linda , Duttmann Ruth , Hambye Anne‐Sophie , Devriendt Arnaud , Herchuelz Maxime , Mathey Celine , Karmali Rafik , Bergmann Pierre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a case of patient with persistent hypercalcemia after parathyroidectomy, different imaging techniques and particularly 18F‐fluorocholine PET/CT are important to localize the adenoma even in a very unusual location.
Melanoma metastatic to the hyoid bone
Authors: Ryan John F. , Xie Deborah X. , Eytan Danielle F. , McCarthy Edward F. , Mandal Rajarsi , Gourin Christine G. , Lipson Evan J. , Meyer Christian F. , Vosler Peter S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetastatic melanoma may be included in the differential diagnosis of hyoid masses in patients with a history of melanoma. Hyoid resection is well tolerated and of diagnostic and therapeutic benefit in patients with tumors metastatic to the hyoid bone.