bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Therapeutic Probiotics on Modulation of microRNAs
Authors: Davoodvandi Amirhossein , Marzban Havva , Goleij Pouya , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Morshedi Korosh , Rezaei Samaneh , mahjoubin-Tehran maryam , Tarrahimofrad Hossein , Hamblin Michael R , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that exist within the human gut, and which are also present in different food products and supplements. They have been investigated for some decades, due to their potential beneficial impact on human health. Probiotics compete with pathogenic microorganisms for adhesion sites within the gut, to antagonize them or to regulate the host immune response resulting in preventive and therapeutic effects. Therefore, dysbiosis, defined as an impairment in the gut microbiota, could play a role in various pathological conditions, such as lactose intolerance, gastrointestinal and urogenital infections, various cancers, cystic fibrosis, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and can also be caused by antibiotic side effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. miRNAs are biochemical biomarkers that play an important role in almost all cellular signaling pathways in many healthy and disease states. For the first time, the present review summarizes current evidence suggesting that the beneficial properties of probiotics could be explained based on the pivotal role of miRNAs.
How Many Key Informants Are Enough? Analysing the Validity of the Community Readiness Assessment
Authors: Muellmann Saskia , Brand Tilman , Jürgens Dorothee , Gansefort Dirk , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Communities are important settings for health promotion and prevention. The community readiness assessment offers a structured approach to assess resources and opportunities to tackle a health problem within a community. The assessment relies on semi-structured interviews with key informants from the communities. A number of 4-6 key informant interviews are recommended in the literature. However, it is unclear whether this is sufficient to obtain a valid representation of the respective community. This study analysed whether increasing the number of key informants from 4-6 to 12-15 alters the results of the community readiness assessment. Results: A total of 55 community readiness interviews were carried out in 4 communities. Overall, the community readiness scores showed little variation after having interviewed 10 key informants in a community. However, even after completing 10 interviews in a community, key informants were still able to identify up to 6 new information items regarding community efforts for physical activity promotion among the elderly, contact and communication channel for informing or approaching the target group, or barriers to participation.
Low-Dose Mannitol Pretreatment Reduces Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Patients Undergoing Gynaecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial&nbsp;
Authors: Cheng Hui Xian , Li Gao Jie , Ding Jie , Guo Wen Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common and undesirable complications associated with anaesthesia, leading to discomfort in patients and extended hospital stays. The present study evaluates and compares the effects of preoperative low-dose mannitol infusion on PONV in patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic surgery.Methods: Fifty-three patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups (mannitol group, Group M, and control group, Group C). In the group M, low dose of 20% mannitol (0.5g/kg) was applied 30 minutes before induction. In the group C, equal volume of 0.9% normal saline was infused. Both groups were maintained with Ringer’s lactate in 8 ml/kg/h intraoperatively. The primary endpoint was the incidence and severity of PONV within the first postoperative 24h. The secondary endpoints were the average vascular resistance indexes(RI) and angle-corrected time-averaged flow velocity(TIMV)of bilateral vertebral artery (VA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) and cerebral blood flow volume (CBFV) using non-invasive Doppler ultrasound at time points just 5 min after laryngeal mask airway placement (T1：baseline);pneumoperitoneum started and position changed(T2);15 minutes after pneumoperitoneum with the position change (T3); pneumoperitoneum stopped with a position change (T4);15 minutes after pneumoperitoneum had stopped (T5).Results: Within 24h after operation, the incidence of PONV in group M (28.0%) was significantly lower than group C (56.0%) (P=0.045). Compared with group C, the severity of PONV in group M was significantly lower(P=0.040). The RI of VA and ICA were statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in the VM of VA and ICA and CBFV between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion: Pretreatment with a low dose of mannitol effectively reduced the incidence and severity of PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery by reducing the RI of the VA and ICA.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-16007749, registered date: 12/01/2016.), http://www.chictr.org.cn
Co-expression of Low-risk HPV E6/E7 and EBV LMP-1 Leads to Precancerous Lesions by DNA Damage
Authors: Uehara Karina , Tanabe Yasuka , Higa Saki , Hirota Shintaro , Toyoda Zensei , Kurima Kiyoto , Kina Shinichiro , Nakasone Toshiyuki , Arasaki Akira , Kinjo Takao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), such as types 6 and 11, is considered non-oncogenic, but these types have been detected in oral cancer tissue samples, suggesting their possible involvement in oral carcinogenesis. Because double infection of high-risk HPV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be involved in oral carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that low-risk HPV and EBV co-infection can transform the oral cells. To verify our hypothesis, we evaluated the transformation activity of cell lines expressing both low-risk HPV E6/E7 and EBV LMP-1 genes.Methods We transduced HPV6, 11 and 16 E6/E7 and EBV LMP-1 genes into primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The cell lines were examined for indices of transformation activity such as proliferation, induction of DNA damage, resistance to apoptosis, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation in nude mice. To evaluate the signaling pathways involved in transformation, NF-kB and p53 activities were analyzed. We also assessed adhesion signaling molecules associated with anchorage-independent growth such as MMP-2, paxillin and Cat-1.Results Co-expression of low-risk HPV E6 and EBV LMP-1 showed increased cell proliferation, elevated NF-kB activity and reduced p53 induction. Moreover, co-expression of low-risk HPV E6 and EBV LMP-1 induced DNA damage, escaped from apoptosis under genotoxic condition and suppression of DNA damage response (DDR). However, it led to no malignant characteristics such as anchorage-independent growth, invasiveness and tumor formation in nude mice. Compared with the cells co-expressing high-risk HPV and EBV that induce transformation, co-expression of low-risk HPV and EBV was associated with low MMP-2, paxillin and Cat-1 expression.Conclusions The co-expression of low-risk HPV E6/E7 and EBV LMP-1 does not induce malignant transformation, but it allows accumulation of somatic mutations secondary to increased DNA damage and suppression of DDR. Thus, double infection of low-risk HPV and EBV could lead to precancerous lesions.
Relating Factors for Impaired Fasting Glucose in Korean Adult:&nbsp;A Population Based Study
Authors: Hyunjin Lee , Song Youngshin , Kim Bohyun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Individuals with impaired fasting glucose who have poor health behaviors are at a greater risk for a variety of health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and health behaviors in Korean adults with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods: This study adopted a secondary data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which used a stratified, multi-stage, cluster-sampling design to obtain a nationally representative sample. This study analyzed the KNANES Health Examination Survey and Health Behavior Survey from 2016 to 2018. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to compute the odds ratios of health behaviors and health literacy to identify the risk factors for impaired fasting glucose.Results: Among the 9919 participants, 7093 (71.5%) were in the normal fasting glucose group and 2826 (28.5%) were in the impaired fasting glucose group. The presence of an impaired fasting glucose level varied significantly by sex, age, economic status, and whether participants dined out regularly, drank alcohol regularly, recognized nutrition fact labels, and utilized nutrition facts labels.Conclusions: Individuals with impaired fasting glucose were less likely to practice health behaviors and had lower health literacy compared with those with non-impaired fasting glucose. Our results suggest that improving health literacy in subjects with impaired fasting glucose is effective in improving their health behaviors.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of SAC Domain-Containing Protein Family in Cotton
Authors: Li Xiaxuan , Chen Wei , Zhu Shouhong , Li Yan , Yao Jinbo , Zhang Yongshan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Phosphoinositides(PIs) are important regulators of a diverse range of cellular functions. The Suppressor of Actin (SAC) domain-containing proteins are a class of phosphoinositide phosphatase involved in the synthesis of PIs. Though the cellular functions of SAC domain-containing proteins have been characterized in yeast, information of SAC genes in cotton is largely undefined.Results: In the present study, 12,12and24 putative SAC genes were identified in the G. ramondii, G. arboreum and G. hirsutum respectively. Detailed gene information, including genomic organization, structural feature, conserved domain and phylogenetic relationship of the genes were systematically characterized. All SAC family members in cotton were divided into three clades, Group I, Group II and Group III, based on their sequence similarities and phylogenetic relationship. The SAC domains consist of seven highly conserved motifs that are believed to be important for the phosphoinositide phosphatase activities from yeast to animal. Expression analysis of GhSAC from Group II and Group III shared similar moderate pattern in different tissues and insensitive to different abiotic stresses. Different members in Group I showed different expressional profiles. Four genes (GhSAC2.1A/GhSAC2.1D and GhSAC4.2A/GhSAC4.2D) from Group I predominantly expressed in anther, pistil and petal. The results suggested the functional divergence among different groups and members of SAC in cotton.Conclusions: Systematical analysis of the SAC gene family in cotton provided a solid foundation for further investigation of the biological functions of SAC genes.
Process Mapping in Healthcare: A Systematic Review
Authors: Antonacci Grazia , Lennox Laura , Barlow James , Evans Liz , Reed Julie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction Process mapping (PM) supports better understanding of complex systems and adaptation of improvement interventions to their local context. However, there is little research on its use in healthcare. This study (i) proposes a conceptual framework outlining quality criteria to guide the effective implementation, evaluation and reporting of PM in healthcare; (ii) reviews published PM cases to identify context and quality of PM application, and the reported benefits of using PM in healthcare.Methods We developed the conceptual framework by reviewing methodological guidance on PM and empirical literature on its use in healthcare improvement interventions. We conducted a systematic review of empirical literature using PRISMA methodology. Inclusion criteria were: full text empirical study; describing the process through which PM has been applied in a healthcare setting; published in English. Databases searched are: Medline, Embase, HMIC–Health Management Information Consortium, CINAHL-Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus. Two independent reviewers extracted and analyzed data. Each manuscript underwent line by line coding. The conceptual framework was used to evaluate adherence of empirical studies to the identified PM quality criteria. Context in which PM is used and benefits of using PM were coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach.Results The framework outlines quality criteria for each PM phase: (i) preparation, planning and process identification, (ii) data and information gathering, (iii) process map generation, (iv) analysis, (v) taking it forward.PM is used in a variety of settings and approaches to improvement. None of the reviewed studies (N=105) met all ten quality criteria; 7% were compliant with 8/10 or 9/10 criteria. 45% studies reported that PM was generated through multi-professional meetings and 15% reported patient involvement. Studies highlighted the value of PM in navigating the complexity characterizing healthcare improvement interventions.Conclusion The full potential of PM is inhibited by variance in reporting and poor adherence to underpinning principles. Greater rigour in the application of the method is required. We encourage the use and further development of the proposed framework to support training, application and reporting of PM.Prospero ID : CRD42017082140.
Caregiver Burden in Caregivers of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hejazi Sima , Hosseini Meimanat , Ebadi Abbas , AlaviMajd Hamid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Living with End Stage Kidney Disease and hemodialysis place too much burden on patients and their caregivers. The concept of caregiver burden describes a set of diverse caregiver experiences in providing care and requires a complex and multifaceted definition. Limited studies have looked at caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis and the concept of caregiver burden from their perspective. This study aims to develop the concept of caregiver burden among family caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis.Method This study was conducted using directed qualitative content analysis method. Twenty one family caregivers, patients, dialysis nurses, physicians, and social workers in teaching hospitals of Tehran and the Iranian Kidney Foundation, Tehran, Iran were enrolled using maximum variation purposive sampling method. Sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. The data collection method was in-depth and semi-structured interviews. In order to analyze the data, the directed qualitative content analysis method was conducted based on the method proposed by Elo and Kyngas which was modified by Assaroudi et al.Results A total of 1162 codes, 63 subcategories, 18 generic categories, and 5 main categories were extracted. The concept of caregiver burden in family caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis and its dimensions based on the dimensions of the Structural Model of Caregiver Burden Model were approved and another dimension titled a time-dependent burden added to it. Conclusions The caregiver burden experienced by caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis has physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, financial, social, and time-dependent dimensions.
Conditional Genetic Deletion of CSF1&nbsp;Receptor in Microglia Ameliorates the Physiopathology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pons Vincent , Lévesque Pascal , Plande Marie-Michèle , Rivest Serge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the world. Microglia are the innate immune cells of CNS, their proliferation, activation and survival in pathologic and healthy brain have previously been shown to be highly dependent on CSF1R. Methods: Here we investigate the impact of such receptor on AD etiology and microglia. We deleted CSF1R using Cre/Lox system, the knock-out (KO) is restricted to microglia in the APP/PS1 mouse model. We induced the knock-out at 3-month-old, before plaque formation and evaluated both 6 and 8-month-old groups of mice. Results: Our findings demonstrated that CSF1R KO did not impair microglial survival and proliferation at 6 and 8 months of age in APP cKO compared to their littermate controls groups APPSwe/PS1. We have also shown that cognitive decline is delayed in CSF1R-deleted mice. Ameliorations of AD etiology is associated with a decrease in plaque volume in cortex and hippocampus area. A compensating system seems to take place following the knock-out, since TREM2/β-Catenin and IL-34 expression are significantly increased. Such a compensatory mechanism may promote microglial survival and phagocytosis of Aβ in the brain. Conclusions: Our results provide new insights on the role of CSF1R in microglia and how it interacts with the TREM2/β-Catenin and IL-34 system to clear Aβ and ameliorates the physiopathology of AD.
WITHDRAWN: Determinants of Chinese Outbound Energy Finance to Developing Countries
Authors: Li Zhongshu , Chen Xu , Gallagher Kevin , Mauzerall Denise 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
China is now one of the world’s largest financiers and investors in the global electric power sector, and has made major inroads into global coal and hydropower electricity markets in developing countries. Drawing on and analyzing two new datasets, this paper is among the first to perform an econometric analysis to examine the determinants of Chinese overseas energy finance in the power sector. We examine a number of ‘push factors’ –incentives in China that facilitate investment abroad—and ‘pull factors’ –incentives in host countries that facilitate Chinese investment into their own countries. On the push side, we find that domestic overcapacity in the coal and hydro power industries in China plays a key role. On the pull side, we find that key drivers of Chinese overseas electric power finance includes local demand for new power projects and the resource potential for coal, gas and hydro power in recipient countries. We also find existing Chinese involvement in past power projects facilitates new Chinese overseas financing.
A Prediction Model using Machine-Learning Algorithm for Assessing&nbsp;Optimal Intrathecal Hyperbaric&nbsp;Bupivacaine Dose during Cesarean Section
Authors: Wei Chang-na , Wang Li-ying , Zhou Xiang-he , Zhou Qing-he 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The optimal intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dosage for cesarean section is difficult to predetermine. The aim of this study was to develop a decision-support model using a machine-learning algorithm for assessing intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine dose based on physical variables during cesarean section. Methods: Term parturients presenting for elective cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were enrolled. Spinal anesthesia was performed at the L3/4 interspace with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine at dosages determined by the anesthesiologist. A spinal spread level between T4-T6 was considered the appropriate block level. We used a machine-learning algorithm to identify relevant parameters. The dataset was split into derivation (80%) and validation (20%) cohorts. An optimal decision-support model was developed for obtaining the regression equation between optimized intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine volume and physical variables. Results: A total of 684 parturients were included, of whom 516 (75.44%) and 168 (24.56%) had block levels between T4 and T6, and less than T6 or higher than T4, respectively. The appropriate block level rate was 75.44%. In lasso regression, based on the principle of predicting a reasonable dose of intrathecal bupivacaine with fewer physical variables, the optimal model is “Y=0.5922+ 0.055117* X1-0.017599*X2” (Y: bupivacaine volume; X1: vertebral column length; X2: abdominal girth), with λ 0.055, MSE(mean square error) 0.0087, and R2 0.807. Conclusion: After applying a machine-learning algorithm, we developed a decision model with R2 0.8070 and MSE due to error 0.0087 using abdominal girth and vertebral column length for predicting the optimized intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine dosage during term cesarean sections.
Skeletal Dysplasia-Like Syndromes in Wild Giraffe
Authors: Brown Michael Butler , Wells Emma 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveSkeletal dysplasias, cartilaginous or skeletal disorders that sometimes result in abnormal bone development, are seldom reported in free-ranging wild animals. Here, we use photogrammetry and comparative morphometric analyses to describe cases of abnormal appendicular skeletal proportions of free-ranging giraffe in two geographically distinct taxa: a Nubian (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda and an Angolan giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis) on a private farm in central Namibia. ResultsThese giraffe exhibited extremely shortened radius and metacarpal bones relative to other similarly aged giraffe. Both giraffe survived to at least subadult life stage. This report documents rare occurrences of these skeletal dysplasias in free-ranging wild animals and the first records in giraffe.
Thermal disorder driven magnetic phases in van der Waals magnet CrI3
Authors: Sanches Jaume , Wahab Dina , Luetkens Hubertus , Taniashvili Grigol , Moratalla Efren , Guguchia Zurab , Santos Elton 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Magnetic phase transitions often occur spontaneously at specific critical temperatures and are instrumental to understand the origin of long-range spin order in condensed matter systems. The presence of more than one critical temperature (Tc) has been observed in several compounds where the coexistence of competing magnetic orders highlights the importance of phase separation driven by different factors such as pressure, temperature and chemical composition. However, it is unknown whether recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) van der Walls (vdW) magnetic materials show such intriguing phenomena that can result in rich phase diagrams with novel magnetic features to be explored. Here we show the existence of three magnetic phase transitions at different Tc's in 2D vdW magnet CrI3 revealed by a complementary suite of muon spin relaxation-rotation (μSR), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, and large-scale micromagnetic simulations including higher order exchange interactions and dipolar fields. We find that the traditionally identified Curie temperature of bulk CrI3 at 61 K does not correspond to the long-range order in the full volume (VM) of the crystal but rather a partial transition with less than ~25% of VM being magnetically spin-ordered. This transition is composed of highly-disordered domains with the easy-axis component of the magnetization (Sz) not being fully spin polarized but disordered by in-plane components (Sx, Sy) over the entire layer. As the system cools down, two additional phase transitions at 50 K and 25 K drive the system to 80% and nearly 100% of the magnetically ordered volume, respectively, where the ferromagnetic ground state has a marked Sz character yet also displaying finite contributions of Sx and Sy to the total magnetization. Our results indicate that volume wise competing electronic phases play an important role in the magnetic properties of CrI3 which set a much lower threshold temperature for exploitation in magnetic device-platforms than initially considered.