bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypopharyngeal‐Esophageal Impedance‐pH Monitoring Profiles of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Bobin Francois , Dapri Giovanni , Eisendrath Pierre , Salem Charelle , Mouawad Francois , Horoi Mihaela , Thill Marie‐Paule , Dequanter Didier , Rodriguez Alexandra , Muls Vinciane , Saussez Sven 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the profile of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) at hypopharyngeal–esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (HEMII‐pH) monitoring and the relationship between hypopharyngeal‐proximal reflux episodes (HREs) and saliva pepsin concentration.Study DesignProspective non‐controlled.MethodsPatients were recruited from three European hospitals from January 2018 to October 2019. Patients benefited from HEMII‐pH monitoring and saliva collections to measure saliva pepsin concentration in the same time. Saliva pepsin concentration was measured in the morning (fasting), after lunch, and after dinner. The LPR profile of patients was studied through a breakdown of the HEMII‐pH findings over the 24 hours of testing. The relationship between the concentrations of saliva pepsin and 24‐hour HREs was studied through linear multiple regression.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐six patients completed the study. The HEMII‐pH analyses revealed that 73.99% of HREs occurred outside 1‐hour postmeal times, whereas 20.49% and 5.52% of HREs occurred during the 1‐hour postmeal and nighttime, respectively. Seventy‐four patients (58.73%) did not have nighttime HREs. Patients with both daytime and nighttime HREs had more severe HEMII‐pH parameters and reflux symptom score compared with patients with only daytime HREs. There were no significant associations between HREs and saliva pepsin concentration.ConclusionsUnlike gastroesophageal reflux disease, HREs occur less frequently after meals and nighttime. The analysis of the HEMII‐pH profile of the LPR patients has to be considered to develop future personalized therapeutic strategies.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:268–276, 2021
Update of the CLRP TG‐43 parameter database for low‐energy brachytherapy sources
Authors: Safigholi Habib , Chamberland Marc J. P. , Taylor Randle E. P. , Allen Christian H. , Martinov Martin P. , Rogers D. W. O. , Thomson Rowan M. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo update the Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) TG‐43 dosimetry database for low‐energy (≤50 keV) photon‐emitting low‐dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy sources utilizing the open‐source EGSnrc application egs_brachy rather than the BrachyDose application used previously for 27 LDR sources in the 2008 CLRP version (CLRPv1). CLRPv2 covers 40 sources (

Pd,

I, and

Cs). A comprehensive set of TG‐43 parameters is calculated, including dose‐rate constants, radial dose functions with functional fitting parameters, 1D and 2D anisotropy functions, along‐away dose‐rate tables, Primary‐Scatter separation dose tables (for some sources), and mean photon energies at the surface of the sources. The database also documents the source models which will become part of the egs_brachy distribution.Acquisition and validation methodsDatasets are calculated after a systematic recoding of the source geometries using the egs++ geometry package and its egs_brachy extensions. Air‐kerma strength per history is calculated for models of NIST’s Wide‐Angle Free‐Air chamber (WAFAC) and for a point detector located at 10 cm on the source’s transverse axis. Full scatter water phantoms with varying voxel resolutions in cylindrical coordinates are used for dose calculations. New statistical uncertainties of source volume corrections for phantom voxels which overlap with brachytherapy sources are implemented in egs_brachy, and all CLRPv2 data include these uncertainties. For validation, data are compared to CLRPv1 and other data in the literature.Data format and accessData are available at https://physics.carleton.ca/clrp/egs_brachy/seed_database_v2, http://doi.org/10.22215/clrp/tg43v2. As well as being presented graphically in comparisons to previous calculations, data are available in Excel (.xlsx) spreadsheets for each source.Potential applicationsThe database has applications in research, dosimetry, and brachytherapy treatment planning. This comprehensive update provides the medical physics community with more accurate TG‐43 dose evaluation parameters, as well as fully benchmarked and described source models which are distributed with egs_brachy.
Response surface method based on uniform design and weighted least squares for non‐probabilistic reliability analysis
Authors: Fang Pengya , Li Shuhao , Guo Xiao , Wen Zhenhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe non‐probabilistic reliability theory is a promising methodology for implementing structural reliability analysis in case of scarce statistical data. One of the main obstacles to implement non‐probabilistic reliability analysis is the implication of the limit state function (LSF) for complex structures. This paper aims to establish a surrogate model of the LSF with higher simulation precision, and whereby proposes a response surface method based on the combination of uniform design (UD) and weighted least squares (WLS). At first, the UD method is selected as the sampling method of interval variables to realize the uniform space‐filling of the initial samples, and the sample set is updated by gradually adding the approximate optimal points to increase the sampling density of critical domain. Then, the WLS method is applied to improve the precision of the response surface by adjusting the importance of samples to the function fitting. Finally, a method of constructing sample weights is developed. Two examples are applied to validate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is effective for non‐probabilistic reliability analysis of complex structures owning to high computational precision and low computational cost in both numerical and case study.
Whole‐exome sequencing in the evaluation of fetal congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract detected by ultrasonography
Authors: Lei Ting‐Ying , Fu Fang , Li Ru , Yu Qiu‐Xia , Du Kun , Zhang Wen‐Wen , Deng Qiong , Li Lu‐Shan , Wang Dan , Yang Xin , Zhen Li , Li Dong‐Zhi , Liao Can 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the value of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in fetuses with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) with or without other structural anomalies but with normal findings upon karyotyping and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA).MethodsCases with CAKUT with or without other structural anomalies were screened for eligibility. Fetuses with abnormal karyotyping or CMA results were excluded. We performed WES on DNA samples from eligible fetus‐parental trios and identified diagnostic genetic variants based on ultrasonographic features.ResultsA total of 163 eligible fetus‐parental trios were successfully analyzed by WES. We found 26 likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in 18 genes from 20 fetuses, with a total proportion of diagnostic genetic variants of 12.3% (20/163). Genetic variants were significantly more frequently detected in fetuses with multisystem anomalies (27.0%, 10/37), enlarged kidney/echogenic kidney (20%, 4/20), and multicystic dysplastic kidney (11.1%, 4/36). Pregnancy outcome data showed that 88 (94.6%, 88/93) of the surviving cases with negative WES results had a good prognosis in early childhood.ConclusionsOur study is the largest to use WES prenatally for CAKUT and shows that WES can be used diagnostically to define the molecular defects that underlie unexplained CAKUT.
Synthesis of reactive polyureas bearing vinylcyclopropane moiety in main chain and their radical cross‐linking with multifunctional thiols
Authors: Okamoto Shusuke , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of polyureas 5a‐c bearing vinylcyclopropane (VCP) moiety in their main chains was synthesized by the polyaddition of diamine 2 bearing VCP moiety with diisocyanates. Upon treatment of polyurea 5b with thiols in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), the VCP moieties in the polymer main chain efficiently reacted with the thiols via a sequence of the radical addition of thiol to the vinyl group and the ring opening of the cyclopropane ring, yielding the corresponding networked polymers 9–11. The thermogravimetric analysis of the networked polymers 9–11 revealed that their residual weight at 350 °C was higher than that of the precursor polyurea 5b.
A systematic investigation of the ring size effects on the free radical ring‐opening polymerization (rROP) of cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) using both experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Reddy Mothe Srinivasa , Tan Jacqueline S. J. , Chennamaneni Lohitha R. , Aidil Farhan , Su Yi , Kang Hway C. , Lim Freda C. H. , Thoniyot Praveen 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTRadical ring‐opening polymerization (rROP) reaction of cyclic ketene acetals (CKA) is an interesting route to biodegradable polymers. Contrary to their tremendous potential, fundamental understanding of their reaction kinetics and thermodynamics is still limited. We present experimental and theoretical investigations for rROP reactions of CKA to systematically elucidate the effects of monomer ring sizes on the homopolymerization. We aim to provide insights on the structural‐reactivity relationship of CKA by studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of the forward ring‐opening propagation reactions and key side reactions, namely ring‐retained propagation and radical back‐biting reaction leading to branching. Experimental results show that for the CKA with smaller ring sizes, significant amount of ring‐retained side products are formed when up to 90% of the monomers are converted. However, for the larger ring sizes (7 and 8 membered), almost complete ring‐opening polymerization with <1% of ring‐retained products are formed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that kinetic effects from the collision frequency dominate in differentiating between ring‐opening propagation, ring‐retained propagation, and backbiting. The results corroborate well with experiments and reports in the literature. Our systematic study from the first principle and experimental validation provide insights into CKA rROP to apply radical polymerization to generate biodegradable polymers.
Linking quality of life questionnaires for asthma to the International Classification of Functioning
Authors: Gomes Danielle Cristina , Dantas Diego de Sousa , Rodrigues Regalado Isabelly Cristina , Longo Egmar , Galante Sousa Klayton , Alves Pereira Silvana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo link the content of the most common quality of life instruments for children with asthma to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).MethodsThe study was conducted in two stages. The first involved a review of the literature to select quality of life questionnaires and in the second, two independent reviewers identified questionnaire items, and categories corresponding to the ICF, according to approved methodology. The degree of agreement was calculated using the kappa coefficient.ResultsTwo questionnaires were selected: the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life (PAQLQ) and Pediatric Quality of Life Asthma Module (PedsQL‐Asthma), self and proxy versions. The degree of agreement was strong for all the instruments: PAQLQ (k = 0.624), PedsQL‐ Asthma self (k = 0.610), and PedsQL‐Asthma proxy (k = 0.673). A total of 114 concepts were identified in the 77 items. Thirty‐five different ICF categories were linked, 16 (45.7%) related “body function,” 13 (37.1%) “activity and participation,” and 6 (17.1%) “environmental factors.” Two items (1.7%) could not be linked because they represent personal factors or are not covered by the ICF.ConclusionThe categories linked to the PAQLQ contained primarily “body function” and “activity and participation,” but not “environmental factors.” Those linked to the PedsQL‐Asthma versions encompass three of the four ICF components, where the highest content frequency was associated with “body function,” followed by “environmental factors” and “activities and participation.”
Children dependent on respiratory support: A 10‐year review from one pediatric postacute care hospital
Authors: Dumas Helene M. , Hughes Mary Laurette , O'Brien Jane E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivePediatric postacute care hospitals (PACH) provide long‐term care for children with medical complexity including children dependent on respiratory support. Descriptions of PACH respiratory care populations and outcomes, however, remain under‐reported. Our aim was to describe demographics, respiratory outcome, and longitudinal trend of children with respiratory support admitted to a single PACH in the United States.MethodsUsing electronic records from 2009 to 2018, data were examined for all children dependent on respiratory support. Children were identified for inclusion using respiratory level of care classifications (type of support) as outlined in hospital policy. Outcome was defined as change in level from first admission to final discharge. Number of admissions by level and year during the study timeframe were analyzed.ResultsThere were 1423 admissions for 767 children requiring respiratory support during the study timeframe. Children with higher respiratory classification level (eg, mechanical ventilation) at initial admission had more admissions to PACH (P < .001) and longer length of stays (P < .001). From first admission to final discharge, there was a significant change (reduction) in respiratory level (z = −4.588, P < .001). An increase in the overall number of admissions for children with respiratory support during the study timeframe was noted, with the largest increase for children requiring the highest level of support.ConclusionThere has been a consistent increase in the number of children requiring respiratory support at admission to PACH. Reduction in respiratory support with postacute care occurs but children admitted with a higher level of support stay longer and experience multiple admissions.
Evaluation of a multiple breath nitrogen washout system in children
Authors: Isaac Sarah M. , Jensen Renee , Anagnostopoulou Pinelopi , Davies Jane C. , Gappa Monika , Latzin Philipp , Saunders Clare , Short Christopher , Singer Florian , Stanojevic Sanja , Zwitserloot Annelies , Ratjen Felix 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBW) test offers a sensitive measure of airway function. In this study we aim to (a) assess the validity of the EasyOne Pro LAB (MBWndd) in an in vitro lung model, (b) assess the feasibility, repeatability, and reproducibility of MBWndd and (c) compare outcomes with the Exhalyzer D (MBWEM) and body plethysmography.MethodsIn vitro, functional residual capacity (FRC) measurements were assessed using a lung model under quasi‐physiological conditions and compared to measured FRC. In vivo plethysmography and MBW were performed in a prospective study of children at two visits (n = 45 healthy; n = 41 cystic fibrosis [CF]). Bland‐Altman plots were used to compare agreement between FRC and lung clearance index (LCI) measurements.ResultsIn vitro FRCndd measurements were repeatable but lung volumes were underestimated (mean relative difference −5.4% (limits of agreement [LA] −9.6%; −1.1%), 95% confidence interval (CI) −6.27; −4.45). In vivo, compared to plethysmography, FRCndd was consistently lower (−19.3% [−40.5; 1.9], 95% CI [−23.9; −14.7]), and showed a volume dependency. LCIndd values were also higher in children with smaller lung volumes. The within‐test coefficient of variation of the FRCndd and LCIndd were 4.9% in health, and 5.6% and 6.9% in CF respectively. LCIndd was reproducible between‐visits (mean relative difference [LA] −3.7% [−14.8, −7.5; 95% CI −6.6; −0.73] in health [n = 17] and 0.34% [−13.2, 22.8; 95% CI −5.0; 5.69] in CF [n = 23]). When calculated using the same algorithm, LCIndd was similar to LCIEM in health.ConclusionsMBWndd measurements are feasible, repeatable, and reproducible, however, MBW‐derived outcomes are not interchangeable with MBWEM.
Synthesis and Structural Study of 4H‐Cyclopenta[c]thiophene‐5,5(6H)‐dicarbonitrile and 6,6‐Dimethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐5H‐cyclopenta[d][1,2]dithiine‐5,7(6H)‐dione
Authors: Karmakar Himadri S. , Kadam Vinay S. , Patel Arun L. , Zade Sanjio S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo sulfur annulated fused heterocycles, 4H‐cyclopenta[c]thiophene‐5,5(6H)‐dicarbonitrile (1) and 6,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐5H‐cyclopenta[d][1,2]dithiine‐5,7(6H)‐dione (2) were synthesized and characterized using NMR, FT‐IR and SCXRD. Their synthetic approaches were different and opposite from each other. In 1 the fused bicyclic system obtained starting from the heterocycle and extend to the alicyclic unit, whereas synthesis of 2 was started from alicyclic unit to end up getting heterocyclic dithiine unit. Optical and electrochemical properties of 1 and 2 were explored. Both the molecules are highly crystalline due to the presence of strong intermolecular interaction including C‐H…N and C‐H…S for 1 or C‐H…O and C‐H…S for 2.
The Inter‐Relationship Between Employment Status and Interpersonal Violence in Malawi: A Trauma Center Experience
Authors: Purcell Laura N. , Kayange Linda , Gallaher Jared , Varela Carlos , Charles Anthony 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs a proportion of the overall population, sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest youth demographic, composing 60% of Africa's unemployed. With the worsening economic crisis in low‐ and middle‐income countries, unengaged youth are susceptible to gang violence and anti‐government demonstrations, resulting in political instability.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of the Kamuzu Central Hospital Trauma Registry from 2008–2018. All adult patients (>14 years) injured by interpersonal violence (IPV) were included. Age was categorized as 15–24 (youth), 25–45, and >45 years. A bivariate analysis (IPV versus unintentional injury), and Poisson multivariable analysis were performed to identify factors increasing the risk of IPV.ResultsDuring the study, 87,338 trauma patients presented; 30,532 (35.0%) were injured following IPV. Patients injured following IPV (28 years, IQR 23–34) were younger than those unintentionally injured (30 years, IQR 23–39, p < 0.001). More patients injured following IPV were unemployed (n = 7,178, 23.6% vs. n = 10,148, 17.9%, p < 0.001), injured at night (n = 19,346, 63.7% vs. n = 10,148, 17.9%, p < 0.001), and reported alcohol use (n = 4.973, 16.4% vs n = 2,461, 4.4%, p < 0.001). Being unemployed (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.22–1.27), youth compared to age >45 years (RR 1.72, 1.66–1.79), and those injured at night (RR 2.18, 95% CI 2.14–2.23) had increased the risk of being victims of IPV.ConclusionIn Malawi, there is an interrelationship between unemployment and IPV, particularly in the youth population. Given impending demographic realities, government and non‐government organizations should prioritize youth employment to help defer political instability in vulnerable nation‐states.
Clinical Assessment of Pediatric Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A 30‐Year Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Kim Kwangsoon , Lee Cho Rok , Kang Sang‐Wook , Lee Jandee , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee‐Hyun , Chung Woong Youn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThyroidectomy is the typical treatment for pediatric thyroid carcinoma; total thyroidectomy is commonly performed. We aimed to report our experience at a single tertiary institution and to evaluate the risk factors for recurrence, especially based on surgical extent, in pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).MethodsA data of 94 pediatric patients who underwent thyroid surgery for DTC from January 1982 to December 2012 at Yonsei University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) were reviewed. The clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed through complete chart reviews.ResultsThe mean age was 16.6 ± 3.0 (range, 5–19) years. Fourteen patients had recurrence. Tumor size >2 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 14.241; p = 0.011) and positive lymph nodes (HR, 1.056; p = 0.039) were significant risk factors for disease‐free survival (DFS) in multivariate analysis. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, a statistically significant difference was noted in the DFS according to tumor size 2 cm (p < 0.001). However, the DFS was not significantly different between the bilateral total thyroidectomy (BTT) and less than BTT groups (p = 0.215).ConclusionsBTT remains the treatment of choice in pediatric patients with DTC. Lobectomy may be considered for patients with limited disease, including those with tumor size <2 cm, no suspicious lymph nodes, intrathyroidal lesion, and no multifocal disease.
Trapped fourth ventricle: a rare complication in children after supratentorial CSF shunting
Authors: El Damaty Ahmed , Eltanahy Ahmed , Unterberg Andreas , Baechli Heidi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Trapped fourth ventricle (TFV) is a well-identified problem in hydrocephalic children. Patients with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are mostly affected. We tried to find out predisposing factors and describe clinical findings to early diagnose TFV and manage it.

Methods
We reviewed our database from 1991 to 2018 and included all patients with TFV who required surgery. We analyzed prematurity, cause of hydrocephalus, type of valve implanted, revision surgeries, modality of treatment of TFV, and their clinical examination and MRI imaging.

Results
We found 21 patients. Most of patients suffered from PHH (16/21), tumor (2/21), post-meningitis hydrocephalus (2/21), and congenital hydrocephalus (1/21). Seventeen patients were preterm. Seven patients suffered from a chronic overdrainage with slit ventricles in MRI. Thirteen patients showed symptoms denoting brain stem dysfunction; in 3 patients, TFV was asymptomatic and in 5 patients, we did not have available information regarding presenting symptoms due to missing documentation. An extra fourth ventricular catheter was the treatment of choice in 18/21 patients. One patient was treated by cranio-cervical decompression. Endoscopic aqueductoplasty with stenting was done in last 2 cases.

Conclusion
Diagnosis of clinically symptomatic TFV and its treatment is a challenge in our practice of pediatric neurosurgery. PHH and prematurity are risk factors for the development of such complication. Both fourth ventricular shunting and endoscopic aqueductoplasty with stenting are effective in managing TFV. Microsurgical fourth ventriculostomy is not recommended due to its high failure rate. Early detection and intervention may help in avoiding fatal complication and improving the neurological function.