bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short- and long-term outcomes of rectal cancer patients with high or improved low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery
Authors: Zhang Chenghai , Chen Lei , Cui Ming , Xing Jiadi , Yang Hong , Yao Zhendan , Zhang Nan , Tan Fei , Liu Maoxing , Xu Kai , Su Xiangqian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ligation site of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) during laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer has been controversial. Consecutive patients (n = 205) with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic-assisted low anterior resection from January 2009 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into high ligation (n = 126) and improved low ligation groups (n = 79). A total of 205 rectal cancer patients underwent laparoscopic assisted anterior resection: 126 patients in the high ligation group and 79 patients in the improved low ligation group. The improved low ligation group was better than the high ligation group in terms of postoperative flatus time and postoperative defecation time. There were no differences between the groups in terms of blood loss, operation time, total number of lymph nodes, anastomotic leakage, postoperative time to first liquid diet and postoperative hospital stay. There were also no differences in 5-year overall survival (OS). Compared to high ligation, the improved low ligation ensures the extent of lymph node dissection, and promotes the early recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, but does not increase the operation time, bleeding risk, or anastomotic leakage. A ligation site of the IMA in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery may not influence oncological outcomes.
Pentagalloyl glucose from Schinus terebinthifolia inhibits growth of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Dettweiler Micah , Marquez Lewis , Lin Michelle , Sweeney-Jones Anne M. , Chhetri Bhuwan Khatri , Zurawski Daniel V. , Kubanek Julia , Quave Cassandra L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rise of antibiotic resistance has necessitated a search for new antimicrobials with potent activity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, such as carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). In this study, a library of botanical extracts generated from plants used to treat infections in traditional medicine was screened for growth inhibition of CRAB. A crude extract of Schinus terebinthifolia leaves exhibited 80% inhibition at 256 µg/mL and underwent bioassay-guided fractionation, leading to the isolation of pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), a bioactive gallotannin. PGG inhibited growth of both CRAB and susceptible A. baumannii (MIC 64–256 µg/mL), and also exhibited activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 16 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 64 µg/mL). A mammalian cytotoxicity assay with human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) yielded an IC50 for PGG of 256 µg/mL. Mechanistic experiments revealed iron chelation as a possible mode of action for PGG’s activity against CRAB. Passaging assays for resistance did not produce any resistant mutants over a period of 21 days. In conclusion, PGG exhibits antimicrobial activity against CRAB, but due to known pharmacological restrictions in delivery, translation as a therapeutic may be limited to topical applications such as wound rinses and dressings.
Biogeochemical water type influences community composition, species richness, and biomass in megadiverse Amazonian fish assemblages
Authors: Bogotá-Gregory Juan David , Lima Flávio C. T. , Correa Sandra B. , Silva-Oliveira Cárlison , Jenkins David G. , Ribeiro Frank R. , Lovejoy Nathan R. , Reis Roberto E. , Crampton William G. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmazonian waters are classified into three biogeochemical categories by dissolved nutrient content, sediment type, transparency, and acidity—all important predictors of autochthonous and allochthonous primary production (PP): (1) nutrient-poor, low-sediment, high-transparency, humic-stained, acidic blackwaters; (2) nutrient-poor, low-sediment, high-transparency, neutral clearwaters; (3) nutrient-rich, low-transparency, alluvial sediment-laden, neutral whitewaters. The classification, first proposed by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1853, is well supported but its effects on fish are poorly understood. To investigate how Amazonian fish community composition and species richness are influenced by water type, we conducted quantitative year-round sampling of floodplain lake and river-margin habitats at a locality where all three water types co-occur. We sampled 22,398 fish from 310 species. Community composition was influenced more by water type than habitat. Whitewater communities were distinct from those of blackwaters and clearwaters, with community structure correlated strongly to conductivity and turbidity. Mean per-sampling event species richness and biomass were significantly higher in nutrient-rich whitewater floodplain lakes than in oligotrophic blackwater and clearwater river-floodplain systems and light-limited whitewater rivers. Our study provides novel insights into the influences of biogeochemical water type and ecosystem productivity on Earth’s most diverse aquatic vertebrate fauna and highlights the importance of including multiple water types in conservation planning.
The influence of planetary engulfment on stellar rotation in metal-poor main-sequence stars
Authors: Oetjens A. , Carone L. , Bergemann M. , Serenelli A. 
Published: September 2020

Context. The method of gyrochronology relates the age of its star to its rotation period. However, recent evidence of deviations from gyrochronology relations has been reported in the literature.
Aims. We study the influence of tidal interaction between a star and its companion on the rotation velocity of the star to explain peculiar stellar rotation velocities.
Methods. We followed the interaction of a star and its planet using a comprehensive numerical framework that combines tidal friction, magnetic braking, planet migration, and detailed stellar evolution models from the GARSTEC grid. We focus on close-in companions from 1 to 20 MJup orbiting low-mass (0.8 − 1 M⊙) main-sequence stars with a broad metallicity of [Fe/H] = − 1 up to solar.
Results. Our simulations suggest that the dynamical interaction between a star and its companion can have different outcomes that depend on the initial semi-major axis and the mass of the planet, as well as on the mass and metallicity of its host star. In most cases, especially in the case of planet engulfment, we find a catastrophic increase in stellar rotation velocity from 1 kms−1 to over 40 kms−1 while the star is still on the main-sequence. The main prediction of our model is that low-mass main-sequence stars with abnormal rotation velocities should be more common at low-metallicity, as lower [Fe/H] favours faster planet engulfment, based on the assumption that the occurrence rate of close-in massive planets is similar at all metallicities.
Conclusions. Our scenario explains peculiar rotation velocities of low-mass main-sequence stars by the tidal interaction between the star and its companion. Current observational samples are too narrow and incomplete, and, thus, they are not sufficient for our model to be tested.
Rotation periods for cool stars in the open cluster Ruprecht 147 (NGC 6774)
Authors: Gruner D. , Barnes S. A. 
Published: September 2020

Context. Gyrochronology allows the derivation of ages for cool main sequence stars based on their observed rotation periods and masses, or a suitable proxy thereof. It is increasingly well-explored for FGK stars, but requires further measurements for older ages and K – M-type stars.
Aims. We study the 2.7 Gyr-old open cluster Ruprecht 147 to compare it with the previously-studied, but far more distant, NGC 6819 cluster, and especially to measure cooler stars than was previously possible there.
Methods. We constructed an inclusive list of 102 cluster members from prior work, including Gaia DR2, and for which light curves were also obtained during Campaign 7 of the Kepler/K2 space mission. We placed them in the cluster color-magnitude diagram and checked the related information against appropriate isochrones. The light curves were then corrected for data systematics using Principal Component Analysis on all observed K2 C07 stars and subsequently subjected to periodicity analysis.
Results. Periodic signals are found for 32 stars, 21 of which are considered to be both highly reliable and to represent single, or effectively single, Ru 147 stars. These stars cover the spectral types from late-F to mid-M stars, and they have periods ranging from 6 d – 33 d, allowing for a comparison of Ruprecht 147 to both other open clusters and to models of rotational spindown. The derived rotation periods connect reasonably to, overlap with, and extend to lower masses the known rotation period distribution of the 2.5 Gyr-old cluster NGC 6819.
Conclusions. The data confirm that cool stars lie on a single surface in rotation period-mass-age space, and they simultaneously challenge its commonly assumed shape. The shape at the low mass region of the color-period diagram at the age of Ru 147 favors a recently-proposed model which requires a third mass-dependent timescale in addition to the two timescales required by a former model, suggesting that a third physical process is required to model rotating stars effectively.
Caractérisation acoustique de conduits auditifs externes normaux : de l’humain aux modèles imprimés 3D
Authors: Ramilison Eloi , Legouge Axel , Lucciano Michel , Masson Catherine , Deveze Arnaud 
Published: September 2020

Objectif : Créer et valider un modèle de CAE normal par impression en 3D bio-fidèles aux CAE humains.
Méthodologie : Nous avons prélevé dix CAE humains sur des pièces anatomiques. Après acquisition volumique sur un scanner
conventionnel, la conception numérique des CAE en 3D comportait une segmentation et la mise en place d’un support tympanique.
Nous avons utilisé du PLA pour l’impression et du ruban adhésif pour simuler une MT artificielle. La vélocimétrie de l’umbo a été
mesurée au moyen d’un laser couplé à une chaine acoustique de stimulation-recueil dédiée.
Résultats : Comparés aux CAE humains, les modèles ont montré des réponses identiques statistiquement. Un second pic était observé
à 5 kHz sur le pattern des CAE imprimés. Les hautes fréquences montraient un profil plus chaotique.
Conclusion : Les CAE imprimés en 3D sont des modèles valides et bio-fidèles aux CAE humains. La normalisation des amplifications
observées permet d’obtenir un modèle utile pour l’optimisation des dispositifs d’amplification ou de protection auditifs.
Intelligence artificielle et réhabilitation auditive : état de la science
Authors: Ambert-Dahan Emmanuèle 
Published: September 2020

Objectif : L’objectif de cet article est de faire état des interactions entre l’intelligence artificielle et la réhabilitation auditive en
montrant de quelle manière celle-ci est intégrée aux prothèses auditives conventionnelles, aux implants cochléaires et aux programmes
d’entraînement perceptivo-cognitif.
Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une revue de littérature effectuée au moyen de recherches bibliographiques référencées ainsi que sur internet
afin de recenser les innovations technologiques des fabricants de prothèses auditives conventionnelles et/ou d’implants cochléaires
ainsi que différents sites proposant des programmes d’entraînement en ligne.
Résultats : Ces recherches ont permis d’identifier des processus d’intelligence artificielle intégrés aux prothèses auditives conventionnelles,
aux processeurs et aux systèmes de réglage des implants cochléaires ainsi que des programmes d’entraînement en ligne.
Conclusion : Cette étude confirme l’existence de programmes d’entraînement auditif et cognitif informatisés n’intégrant pas
l’intelligence artificielle ce qui ne leur permet pas de s’ajuster aux comportements et aux attentes de leurs utilisateurs.
Einfluss einer spontan bakteriellen Peritonitis, nosokomialer Infektionen und eines akut auf chronischen Leberversagens auf die Behandlungserlöse bei Patienten mit dekompensierter Leberzirrhose in Deutschland
Authors: Kabbani Abdul-Rahman , Schultalbers Marie , Tergast Tammo , Kimmann Markus , Stahmeyer Jona , Manns Michael P. , Cornberg Markus , Maasoumy Benjamin , Becker Hans 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die ökonomischen Einflüsse einer spontan bakteriellen Peritonitis (SBP), nosokomialer Infektionen (nosInf) und eines akut auf chronischen Leberversagens (ACLF) sind bislang wenig untersucht. Wir analysierten die Einflüsse dieser Komplikationen auf die Behandlungserlöse von hospitalisierten Patienten mit dekompensierter Leberzirrhose.
Methodik 371 hospitalisierte, konsekutive Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und aszitischer Dekompensation, die zwischen 2012 und 2016 eine Parazentese erhielten, wurden retrospektiv eingeschlossen. DRG (Diagnosebezogene Fallgruppen), ZE/NUB (Zusatzentgelte/Neue Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsmethoden), Medikamentenkosten, Krankenhausverweildauer, therapeutische und klinische Leistungen (u. a. Dialyse, hochaufwendige Pflege) wurden für die Auswertung berücksichtigt. Ausschlusskriterien waren u. a. ein malignes Grundleiden, eine Organtransplantation sowie fehlende Abrechnungsdaten.
Ergebnisse Die Gesamterlöse (DRG + ZE/NUB) waren im Fall einer nosInf deutlich höher (10.653 € vs. 5.611 €; p < 0,0001) bei allerdings auch wesentlich längerer Krankenhausverweildauer (23 vs. 12 Tage, p < 0,0001). Die Erlöse/Tag unterschieden sich letztlich nicht (473 € vs. 488 €; p = 0,98). Die Behandlung bei nosInf war jedoch wesentlich aufwendiger mit häufigeren Dialysen (p < 0,0001) und hochaufwendiger Pflege (p = 0,0002). Analog ergaben sich bei einer SBP ebenfalls höhere Gesamterlöse (10.307 € vs. 6.659 €; p < 0,0001) bei jedoch deutlich höherem Behandlungsaufwand. Die Erlöse/Tag waren in diesen Fällen allerdings numerisch niedriger als bei Patienten ohne SBP (443 € vs. 499 €; p = 0,18). Das Auftreten eines ACLF erhöhte die Gesamterlöse auf 10.593 € vs. 6.369 € ohne ACLF (p < 0,0001). Auch dabei war der Behandlungsaufwand entsprechend größer (bspw. mehr Dialysen; p < 0,0001). Die Klinikerlöse/Tag waren mit und ohne ACLF jedoch nicht unterschiedlich (483 € vs. 480 €; p = 0,29).
Schlussfolgerung Bei dekompensierter Leberzirrhose führt das Auftreten einer SBP, nosokomialer Infektionen und/oder eines ACLF zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung des Behandlungsaufwands, der Erlöse und der Krankenhausverweildauer. Die dazu im Widerspruch stehenden numerisch niedrigeren Erlöse/Tag bei wesentlich höherer Zahl erbrachter Leistungen weisen möglicherweise darauf hin, dass diese Komplikationen im deutschen DRG-System zurzeit nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt werden.
Biomarkers and Redox Balance in Aging Rats after Dynamic and
Isometric Resistance Training
Authors: Neves Rodrigo Vanerson Passos , Rosa Thiago dos Santos , Corrêa Hugo Luca , da Silva Aires Kethelen Mariana , Deus Lysleine Alves , Sousa Michel Kendy , Stone Whitley Jo , Aguiar Lana Ribeiro , Prestes Jonato , Simões Herbert Gustavo , Andrade Rosângela Vieira , Moraes Milton Rocha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAging muscle is prone to sarcopenia and its associated telomere shortening and
increased oxidative stress. Telomeres are protected by a shelterin protein
complex, proteins expressed in response to DNA damage. Aerobic exercise training
has shown to positively modulate these proteins while aging, but the effects of
resistance training are less clear. This investigation was to examine the role
of dynamic and isometric RT on markers of senescence and muscle apoptosis:
checkpoint kinase 2, 53 kDa protein, shelterin telomere repeat binding 1
and 2, DNA repair, telomere length and redox state in the quadriceps muscle.
Fifteen 49-week-old male rats were divided into three groups: control, dynamic
resistance training, and isometric resistance training. Dynamic and isometric
groups completed five sessions per week during 16 weeks at low to moderate
intensity (20–70% maximal load). Only dynamic group decreased
expression of 53 kDa protein, proteins from shelterin complex, oxidative
stress, and improved antioxidant defense. There was no difference among groups
regarding telomere length. In conclusion, dynamic resistance training was more
effective than isometric in reducing markers of aging and muscle apoptosis in
elderly rats. This modality should be considered as valuable tool do counteract
the deleterious effects of aging.
Are Early-Onset Sepsis Evaluations and Empiric Antibiotics Mandatory for All Neonates Admitted with Respiratory Distress?
Authors: Capin Ivana , Hinds Autumn , Vomero Bridgit , Roth Philip , Blau Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the success and safety of an antimicrobial stewardship protocol for neonates admitted with respiratory distress at birth.
Study Design A retrospective cohort analysis of all infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with respiratory distress from January 2013 to February 2018 was conducted. In April 2016, an antimicrobial stewardship protocol was implemented, dividing neonates into two groups: maternal indications for delivery (no infectious risk factors for early-onset sepsis [EOS]) and fetal indications (risk factors present) for delivery. Neonates with risk factors for EOS were started on empiric antibiotics, those who lacked risk factors were observed. Paired sample t-test and descriptive statistics were used to compare the pre- and postprotocol implementation.
Results There were no missed cases of EOS in our study. Management with empiric antibiotics decreased from 95 to 41% of neonates with respiratory distress after initiation of the protocol. Newborns with a lower mean (±standard errors of the mean [SEM]) gestational age were more likely to receive empiric antibiotics (35.1 ± 0.4 [range: 23–42 weeks] vs. 37.7 ± 0.2 weeks [range: 24–42 weeks]; p < 0.05). Similar findings were seen for neonates with lower mean birth weights (2,627 ± 77 [range: 390–5,440 g] vs. 3,078 ± 51 g [range: 620–6,260 g]; p < 0.05).
Conclusion The antibiotic stewardship protocol safely reduces the administration of empiric antibiotics to symptomatic neonates without missing any cases of sepsis.
Key Points
Language contact and its effects on language use of the Gurage varieties of
Muher
Authors: Shumneka Nurga Awlachew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Social and linguistic contact between speakers of diverse
Gurage varieties, as well as the influence of the surrounding Cushitic languages,
has contributed to the establishment of widespread bi- or multilingualism. However,
the actual extent and effects of language contact in the Gurage Zone are not clearly
known. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to investigate language
contact and its effects on language use of Muher. The Muher community lives in the
north-western part of the Gurage Zonal administration of the Southern Nations,
Nationalities, and Peoples’ Regional State. Muher speakers are bilingual in
Amharic, the official working language of the country, and Ezha, one of neighboring
languages the Gurage varieties. A mixed research method is used for data collection.
The findings show that Muher is often used in the home and within the community, and
is highly influenced by the dominant official working language of the country,
Amharic, and the neighboring language, Ezha. It is very hard to find monolingual
speakers of Muher. Amharic is used in all official settings in Muher, such as in
schools, in court, in health centre’s and in administration. Muher children are
bilingual with Amharic prior to starting school. Elders tend to use their mother
tongues, while young people mix their mother tongue with the dominant language, or
tend to speak Amharic. Generational transformation of Muher is decreasing in urban
areas. In Wolkite and Hawariyat, most of the children have Amharic as their L1.
Attractors of the ‘n
+ 1’ dimensional Einstein-Λ flow
Authors: Mondal Puskar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Here we prove a global existence theorem for sufficiently small however fully nonlinear perturbations of a family of background solutions of the ‘n + 1’ dimensional vacuum Einstein equations in the presence of a positive cosmological constant Λ. The future stability of vacuum solutions in the small data and zero cosmological constant limit has been studied previously for both ‘3 + 1’ and higher dimensional spacetimes. However, with the advent of dark energy driven accelerated expansion of the Universe, it is of fundamental importance in mathematical cosmology to include a positive cosmological constant, the simplest form of the dark energy for the vacuum Einstein equations. Such Einsteinian evolution is here designated as the ‘Einstein-Λ’ flow. We study the background solutions of this ‘Einstein-Λ’ flow in ‘n + 1’ dimensional spacetimes in constant mean curvature spatial harmonic gauge, n ⩾ 3 and establish both linear and non-linear stability of such solutions. In the cases of number of spatial dimensions being strictly greater than 3, the finite dimensional Einstein moduli spaces form the centre manifolds of the dynamics. A suitable shadow gauge condition [Andersson L and Moncrief V 2011 J. Differ. Geom.
89 1–47] is implemented in order to treat these cases. In addition, the autonomous character of the suitably re-scaled Einstein flow breaks down as a consequence of including Λ(>0). We construct a Lyapunov functional (controlling a suitable norm of the small data) similar to a wave equation type energy for the non-linear non-autonomous evolution of the data and prove its decay in the direction of cosmological expansion utilizing the structure of the non-autonomous terms and smallness assumption on the data. Our results demonstrate the future stability and geodesic completeness of the perturbed spacetimes, and show that the scale-free geometry converges to an element of the space of constant negative scalar curvature metrics sufficiently close to and containing the Einstein moduli space (a point for n = 3 and a finite dimensional space for n > 3), which has significant consequences for the cosmic topology while restricting to the case of n = 3.
Strong terawatt pulses for the efficient plasma-based x-rays generation in flat water jet
Authors: Ponomareva E A , Zhukova M O , Ismagilov A O , Scheglov P A , Chaschin M V , Nazarov M M , Tsypkin A N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
By using subpicosecond terawatt infrared pulses, we demonstrate strong x-rays generation in flat water jet. Varying the pump energy, pulse duration and its chirp along with measuring the angular x-ray distribution, we define the conditions which allow achieving the most intense x-ray emission. The terawatt powers made it possible to reveal two characteristic regimes of x-ray pulse energy dependence, namely, quasi-quadratic growth and the following saturation. The strong asymmetry of the x-ray yield dependences on the pump pulse duration for various chirp signs and the positive chirp preference correspond to the earlier studies and are mainly determined by the change in the electron temperature. Theoretical analysis of ionized electrons density dynamics reveals strong correlation with x-rays experimental data. We believe, our findings can be a promising basis for further development of highly intense femtosecond x-ray generators based on the metallic soluble substances.