bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a national cohort study
Authors: Ding Yang , Cao Lihua , Zhu Liying , Huang Yan , Lin Chaoshuang , Wang Yuming , Liu Yingxia , Sheng Qiuju , Wang Shouyun , Fan Jian , Chen Ruochan , Gan Weiqiang , Chen Bryan , Pan Calvin Q. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundData on tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are lacking.AimsTo investigate the efficacy and safety of TAF therapy for preventing hepatitis B mother‐to‐child transmission.MethodsMothers with chronic HBV infection, positive for hepatitis B e‐antigen and with HBV DNA >200 000 IU/mL received TAF for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission were enrolled retrospectively from multiple centres with data collection on mother‐infant dyads up to postpartum week 24‐28. Primary measurements were the mother‐to‐child transmission rate and infants' malformation rate. Secondary assessments included maternal HBV DNA reduction at delivery, and maternal or infant adverse events during follow up.ResultsAmong 71 mothers enrolled, the mean (±SD) age was 30.3 (±2.2) years. TAF was initiated during the second or third trimester and continued to delivery with a mean (±SD) duration of 12.8 (±4.0) weeks. At delivery, 85.9% (61/71) of the mothers achieved HBV DNA <200 000 IU/L. Seventy‐three infants (two sets of twins) were born from mothers treated with TAF and none had congenital defects or malformations. All infants received HBV immunoglobulin and vaccine at birth with additional HBV vaccinations at one and six months. At age 24‐28 weeks, all infants had negative hepatitis B surface antigen and undetectable levels of HBV DNA (<100 IU/mL). Body weight, height, and head circumferences were comparable to national standards for physical development. No severe adverse effects were reported in either mothers or infants.ConclusionsTAF for highly viraemic mothers effectively prevented mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B. There were no safety concerns for either mothers or infants with 24‐28 weeks of follow up.
Immune‐microbiota interaction in Finnish and Russian Karelia young people with high and low allergy prevalence
Authors: Ruokolainen Lasse , Fyhrquist Nanna , Laatikainen Tiina , Auvinen Petri , Fortino Vittorio , Scala Giovanni , Jousilahti Pekka , Karisola Piia , Vendelin Johanna , Karkman Antti , Markelova Olga , Mäkelä Mika J. , Lehtimäki Sari , Ndika Joseph , Ottman Noora , Paalanen Laura , Paulin Lars , Vartiainen Erkki , von Hertzen Leena , Greco Dario , Haahtela Tari , Alenius Harri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAfter the Second World War, the population living in the Karelian region was strictly divided by the “iron curtain” between Finland and Russia. This resulted in different lifestyle, standard of living, and exposure to the environment. Allergic manifestations and sensitization to common allergens have been much more common on the Finnish compared to the Russian side.ObjectiveThe remarkable allergy disparity in the Finnish and Russian Karelia calls for immunological explanations.MethodsYoung people, aged 15‐20 years, in the Finnish (n = 69) and Russian (n = 75) Karelia were studied. The impact of genetic variation on the phenotype was studied by a genome‐wide association analysis. Differences in gene expression (transcriptome) were explored from the blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and related to skin and nasal epithelium microbiota and sensitization.ResultsThe genotype differences between the Finnish and Russian populations did not explain the allergy gap. The network of gene expression and skin and nasal microbiota was richer and more diverse in the Russian subjects. When the function of 261 differentially expressed genes was explored, innate immunity pathways were suppressed among Russians compared to Finns. Differences in the gene expression paralleled the microbiota disparity. High Acinetobacter abundance in Russians correlated with suppression of innate immune response. High‐total IgE was associated with enhanced anti‐viral response in the Finnish but not in the Russian subjects.Conclusions and clinical relevanceYoung populations living in the Finnish and Russian Karelia show marked differences in genome‐wide gene expression and host contrasting skin and nasal epithelium microbiota. The rich gene‐microbe network in Russians seems to result in a better‐balanced innate immunity and associates with low allergy prevalence.
Prediction error in iris suture fixated intraocular lenses and long‐term stability
Authors: Ansah Derick O. , Li Ximin , Gehlbach Peter L. , Jun Albert S. , Soiberman Uri S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImportanceLittle evidence exists for prediction error in iris‐sutured intraocular lenses.BackgroundTo determine the magnitude of prediction error in iris‐sutured intraocular lenses, associated factors and their long‐term stability.DesignRetrospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative case series conducted at the Wilmer Eye Institute (Baltimore, Maryland, United States).ParticipantsAdult patients with subluxated intraocular lenses that underwent iris‐suture fixation between January 2000 and December 2014 by a single surgeon. Pregnant women, children (below the age of 18) and cases with follow‐up under 1 month were excluded.MethodsPrediction error was calculated in 60 eyes and survival analysis was performed on 99 eyes.Main Outcome MeasuresPrediction error (the difference between the postoperative manifest refraction in spherical equivalent and the spherical equivalent predicted by the Barrett Universal II, Holladay 2 and SRK/T formulas), preoperative and postoperative distance‐corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, frequency of postoperative complications and time until re‐subluxation.ResultsMean prediction error using the Barrett formula was −0.35 ± 1.0 D. Higher axial length (≥25.5 mm) was associated with greater prediction error (−0.72 ± 1.11 D vs −0.18 ± 0.91 D, P = .048). Twelve re‐subluxations occurred over a mean follow‐up period of 30.28 ± 41.86 months. The predicted 50% survival of iris‐sutured lenses was 114.25 months.Conclusions and RelevanceIris‐suture fixation may require moderate lens power adjustment to compensate for prediction error, especially in eyes with higher axial length. Longer follow‐up demonstrates that iris‐suture fixation remains a viable technique, yet re‐subluxations require routine monitoring of such eyes.
Creating places, relationships and education for refugee children in camps: Lessons learnt from the ‘The School of Peace’ educational model
Authors: Huss Ephrat , Ben Asher Smadar , Shahar Eitan , Walden Tsvia , Sagy Shifra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a unique model for building an afternoon school for refugee children sustained by volunteers and refugee teachers and based on humanistic intercultural values. The methodology is participatory including the whole school, from children to teachers to volunteers and managers. Central themes in the findings include a synergetic focus on creative placemaking, conflict negotiation and formal studies. This points to a theoretical connection between informal and formal studies. The findings teach us about the needs of refugee children. A methodological contribution is the use of arts‐based methods to capture refugee children's lived experiences of school.
Addressing inequality: Educators responding to the contexts of young children’s lives?
Authors: Nolan Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA child's early relationships and experiences influence their long‐term development and learning. In Australia, some children can face complex levels of deprivation when compared to their peers. This study sheds light on how educators are responding. Data analysed consist of individual interviews with early childhood educators working in diverse communities. The findings highlight educators’ accounts of responsiveness as narrowly framed with attention focused on children's cultural heritage which overshadows other equity groups. The paper argues that by becoming sensitive to the contexts of children's lives, there is potential to build the early childhood workforce's capacity for addressing inequalities in childhood.
Patient education about recovery after colorectal surgery: systematic scoping review
Authors: Chapman S. J. , Helliwell J. A. , Lonsdale M. D. S. , Tiernan J. P. , Jayne D. G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to optimize recovery through a series of evidence‐based recommendations. A key component of ERAS is the provision of patient education. Whilst the recommendation for this is strong, the evidence to inform its format, timing and delivery is unclear. The aim of this review was to describe previous educational interventions used to improve recovery after colorectal surgery and to explore opportunities for future research.MethodsA systematic scoping review was performed. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched between 1 January 1990 and 12 February 2020. Studies which described or assessed the effectiveness of a patient education or information resource to improve recovery after colorectal surgery were eligible. Outcomes of interest included the format, timing and delivery of interventions, as well as key features of intervention and study design. A narrative synthesis of data was produced through a process of charting and summarizing key results.ResultsA total of 1298 papers were inspected, and 11 were eligible for inclusion. Five papers were reports of randomized controlled trials, and others reported a mix of non‐randomized and qualitative studies. The design of educational interventions included audio‐visual resources (n = 3), smartphone device applications (n = 3) and approaches to facilitate person‐to‐person counselling (n = 5). Most of the counselling interventions reported positive outcomes (mainly in length of hospital stay), whereas the other types reported mixed results. Patients and the public were seldom involved as collaborators in the design of interventions.ConclusionsPatient education is generally advantageous, but there is insufficient evidence to optimize its design and delivery in the setting of colorectal surgery.
Dermal adipocytes contribute to the metabolic regulation of dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Zhang Zhuzhen , Kruglikov Ilja , Zhao Shangang , Zi Zhenzhen , Gliniak Christy M. , Li Na , Wang May‐yun , Zhu Qingzhang , Kusminski Christine M. , Scherer Philipp E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDermal fibroblasts are an essential population of skin cells. They are not only responsible for synthesis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix of the dermis, but also communicate with other skin cells via autocrine and paracrine interactions. Skin‐associated dermal adipocytes reside below the reticular dermis. Strong lipolysis is observed during the regression of dermal adipocytes. However, the nature of the local intercellular crosstalk in which lipids released by dermal adipocytes affecting the metabolism of adjacent skin fibroblasts has not yet been examined. With the use of a series of novel mouse models that allow us to manipulate adipocytes, we demonstrate that dermal adipocytes can modulate the structure of the dermis through regulating extracellular matrix production in dermal fibroblasts. Fatty acids released by dermal adipocytes are involved in this process. Our observations offer new in vivo insights into the role of dermal adipocyte‐derived lipids in influencing metabolism of adjacent local cells in the skin through a paracrine effect in the microenvironment of the dermal adipocyte.
Potential interactions of SARS‐CoV‐2 with human cell receptors in the skin: Understanding the enigma for a lower frequency of skin lesions compared to other tissues
Authors: Ricardo Criado Paulo , Pincelli Thais Prota Hussein , Criado Roberta Fachini Jardim , Abdalla Beatrice Martinez Zugaib , Belda Junior Walter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) represents a new public health problem, with a total of 10.577.263 documented COVID‐19 cases worldwide and 513.441 deaths up to the present date. Few cases of disease‐related cutaneous manifestations have been reported in the literature, and such manifestations are scarce. Integumentary manifestations from COVID‐19 include exanthemas and papular dermatoses, urticarial eruptions, atopic dermatitis, vesiculobullous lesions and skin signs of hypercoagulable states, such as acral ischaemia, livedo and retiform purpura. Most common extracutaneous manifestations from the disease include headache, cough, anosmia, ageusia, fever, dyspnoea, nausea, diarrhoea and cardiovascular events. The objectives of this review were to discuss the role of human cell receptors described as interaction targets of SARS‐CoV‐2, as well to understand the current state of knowledge on skin expression of these receptors, in order to substantiate future research. The authors present a thorough literature review on SARS‐CoV‐2 and its possible interaction with cell receptors and human tissues including the skin. They discuss a molecular hypothesis to explain the lower prevalence of dermatological manifestations from direct SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Distinct human cell receptors binding the virus appear to be less expressed in the skin compared to other organs. Additionally, the presence of resolvins and the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 provide a putative protection to the skin, explaining the majority of COVID‐19 manifestations to be extracutaneous. This review represents an excellent opportunity for future studies using skin biopsies from COVID‐19 patients to investigate molecular expression in the pathophysiology of cutaneous manifestations of the disease.
A heterozygous mutation in GJB2 (Cx26F142L) associated with deafness and recurrent skin rashes results in connexin assembly deficiencies
Authors: Albuloushi Ahmad , Lovgren Marie‐Louise , Steel Ainsley , Yeoh Yeelon , Waters Alex , Zamiri Mozheh , Martin Patricia E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMutations in GJB2 encoding Connexin 26 (CX26) are associated with hearing loss and hyperproliferative skin disorders of differing severity including keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness (KID) and Vohwinkel syndrome. A 6‐year‐old Caucasian girl who presented with recurrent skin rashes and sensorineural hearing loss harboured a heterozygous point mutation in GJB2 (c.424T > C; p.F142L). To characterize the impact of CX26F142L on cellular events. Plasmids CX26WT, CX26F142L, CX26G12R (KID) or CX26D66H (Vohwinkel) were transfected into HeLa cells expressing Cx26 or Cx43 or into HaCaT cells, a model keratinocyte cell line. Confocal microscopy determined protein localization. MTT assays assessed cell viability in the presence or absence of carbenoxolone, a connexin‐channel blocker. Co‐immunoprecipitation/Western blot analysis determined Cx43:Cx26 interactions. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assessed changes in gene expression of ER stress markers. Dye uptake assays determined Connexin‐channel functionality. F142L and G12R were restricted to perinuclear areas. Collapse of the microtubule network, rescued by co‐treatment with paclitaxel, occurred. ER stress was not involved. Cell viability was reduced in cells expressing F142L and G12R but not D66H. Unlike G12R that forms “leaky” hemichannels, F142L had restricted permeability. Cell viability of F142L and G12R transfected cells was greater in HeLa cells expressing Cx43 than in native Cx‐free HeLa cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation suggested a possible interaction between Cx43 and the three mutations. Expression of CX26F142L and G12R results in microtubule collapse, rescued by interaction with Cx43. The GJB2 mutations interacted with Cx43 suggesting that unique Cx43:Cx26 channels are central to the diverse phenotype of CX26 skin‐related channelopathies.
La flexibilité, une arme contre le chômage? Analyse empirique du marché du travail espagnol
Authors: HERRERO Daniel , CÁRDENAS Luis , LÓPEZ GALLEGO Julián 
Published: August 2020

RésuméL'Espagne a connu en 2010 et 2012 deux réformes majeures du marché du travail. Celles‐ci reposaient sur l'idée qu'il suffisait d'accroître la flexibilité du travail et de décentraliser la négociation collective pour faire baisser le chômage (thèse de la flexibilité). Les auteurs estiment pour leur part que le comportement du chômage dépend largement de la demande et de la structure sectorielle de l'économie (thèse structurelle). Ils évaluent l'apport de ces deux hypothèses dans une analyse reposant sur des données de panel de niveau infranational. Leurs résultats tendent à infirmer la thèse de la flexibilité et font ressortir le rôle primordial des facteurs cycliques et structurels.
Transition in deformation mechanism of aluminosilicate glass at high pressure and room temperature
Authors: Osada Kosei , Yamada Akihiro , Ohuchi Tomohiro , Yoshida Satoshi , Matsuoka Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeformation experiments for 20(MgO or Na2O)‐20Al2O3‐60SiO2 glasses were performed in simple shear geometry at 1.5‐5 GPa and room temperature. An abrupt change in the thinning rate and the turning of the birefringence azimuth at a shear strain of γ = 1‐2 indicate a transition of deformation mechanism from uniaxial compression aided by densification to shear flow in the glasses. The high‐dense magnesium aluminosilicate glass showed strain softening controlled by the rearrangement of the tetrahedral network. On the other hand, low‐dense sodium aluminosilicate glass deformed by packing‐induced flow associated with densification and via the rearrangement of the tetrahedral network at lower and higher strains, respectively. The transition of the deformation mechanism was triggered by the limitations of the densification of the tetrahedral network. The difference of deformation mechanism brought about higher strain in magnesium aluminosilicate glass than sodium aluminosilicate glass at the same stress condition. Easiness of remarkable deformation, which relaxed residual stress, and high deformability contributed to the high ductility of the MgO‐aluminosilicate glass.
Discursive construction of the patient in online clinical cancer pathways information
Authors: Aasen Elin Margrethe , Crawford Paul , Dahl Berit Misund 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo explore how the patient is constructed and socially positioned in discourses of web‐based pathways information available to people with cancer in Norway.DesignMixed qualitative and quantitative design, using Corpus‐Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis.MethodsThe study, conducted in January 2020, examined the language of one general and six specific web‐based cancer pathways information brochures. The approach combines analysis of word frequencies and concordance lines using corpus analysis software to identify the ‘linguistic fingerprint’ or ‘aboutness’ of the text prior to further qualitative critical discourse analysis.ResultsThe analysis identified three core discourses which constructed the patient differently: (a) a participating active person, in a brief, inclusive discourse; (b) a passive person lacking knowledge or perception of their situation in dominant, medical and interprofessional expert discourse; and (c) reduced to a disease and a code in the pathways discourse.ConclusionThis study offers insight into the construction of patients in online clinical pathways information for cancer treatment. The analysis revealed how governance systems such as New Public Management and its demands on efficiency and productivity influence the cancer pathways. The World Health Organization has promoted a person‐centred approach, emphasizing the importance of participation and a partnership of equals. A person‐centred approach to care was not evident in the discourse of the online documents. The dominant ideology of these pathways was paternalistic with patients constructed as passive persons who get standardized treatment.ImpactThis study gives new insight that can be valuable for nurses, other healthcare professionals and the government. The lack of a person‐centred focus in the cancer pathway information could have a negative impact on the patient's health outcomes by promoting a culture of inattention to the patients' needs and wishes among practitioners. The results may provide a stimulus for discussion about the role of patients in cancer treatment.
Identification of novel candidate pathogenic genes in pituitary stalk interruption syndrome by whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Fang Xuqian , Zhang Yuwen , Cai Jialin , Lu Tingwei , Hu Junjie , Yuan Fei , Chen Peizhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a type of congenital malformation of the anterior pituitary, which leads to isolated growth hormone deficiency or multiple hypothalamic‐pituitary deficiencies. Many genetic factors have been explored, but they only account for a minority of the genetic aetiology. To identify novel PSIS pathogenic genes, we conducted whole‐exome sequencing with 59 sporadic PSIS patients, followed by filtering gene panels involved in pituitary development, holoprosencephaly and midline abnormality. A total of 81 heterozygous variants, distributed among 59 genes, were identified in 50 patients, with 31 patients carrying polygenic variants. Fourteen of the 59 pathogenic genes clustered to the Hedgehog pathway. Of them, PTCH1 and PTCH2, inhibitors of Hedgehog signalling, showed the most frequent heterozygous mutations (22%, seven missense and one frameshift mutations were identified in 13 patients). Moreover, five novel heterozygous null variants in genes including PTCH2 (p.S391fs, combined with p.L104P), Hedgehog acyltransferase (p.R280X, de novo), MAPK3 (p.H50fs), EGR4 (p.G22fs, combined with LHX4 p.S263N) and SPG11 (p.Q1624X), which lead to truncated proteins, were identified. In conclusion, genetic mutations in the Hedgehog signalling pathway might underlie the complex polygenic background of PSIS, and the findings of our study could extend the understanding of PSIS pathogenic genes.
Phylogenetic and Morphological Evolution of Green Euglenophytes Based on 18S rRNA
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Feng Jia , Lv Junping , Liu Qi , Nan Fangru , Liu Xudong , Xie Shulian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGreen euglenophytes are a group of eukaryotes with ancient origin. In order to understand the evolution of the group, it is interesting to know which characteristics are more primitive. Here, a phylogenetic tree of green euglenophytes based on the 18S rRNA gene was constructed, and ancestral states were reconstructed based on eight morphological characters. This research clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of green euglenophytes and provides a basis for the study of the origin of these plants. The phylogenetic tree, which was constructed by Bayesian inference, revealed that: Eutreptia and Eutreptiella were sister groups and that Lepocinclis, Phacus, and Discoplastis were close relatives; Euglena, Cryptoglena, Monomorphina, and Colacium were closely related in addition to Trachelomonas and Strombomonas; and Euglena was not monophyletic. An ancestral reconstruction based on morphological characters revealed seven primitive character states: ductile surface, spirally striated, slightly narrowing or sharp elongated cauda, absence of a lorica, chloroplast lamellar, shield or large discoid, pyrenoid with sheath, and with many small paramylon grains. However, the ancestral state of the length of the flagellum could not be inferred. Euglena and Euglenaria, which both possessed all of the ancestral character states, might represent the most ancient lineages of green euglenophytes.