bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osthole interacts with an ER‐mitochondria axis and facilitates tumor suppression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Bae Hyocheol , Lee Jin‐Young , Song Jisoo , Song Gwonhwa , Lim Whasun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsthole is a natural coumarin found in a variety of plants and has been reported to have diverse biological functions, including antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Here, we investigated the natural derivative osthole as a promising anticancer compound against ovarian cancer and evaluated its ability to suppress and abrogate tumor progression. In addition, we found the endoplasmic reticulum‐mitochondrial axis‐mediated anticancer mechanisms of osthole against ES2 and OV90 ovarian cancer cells and demonstrated its calcium‐dependent pharmacological potential. Mechanistically, osthole was found to target the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway to facilitate tumor suppression in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we identified the effects of osthole in a three‐dimensional tumor‐formation model using the zebrafish xenograft assay, providing convincing evidence of the pharmacological effects of osthole within the anchorage‐independent tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that osthole has strong potential as a pharmacological agent for targeting ovarian cancer.
COVID‐19 and olfactory dysfunction: A possible associative approach towards neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Mahalaxmi Iyer , Kaavya Jayaramayya , Mohana Devi Subramaniam , Balachandar Vellingiri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the agent of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19), has kept the globe in disquiets due to its severe life‐threatening conditions. The most common symptoms of COVID‐19 are fever, sore throat, and shortness of breath. According to the anecdotal reports from the health care workers, it has been suggested that the virus could reach the brain and can cause anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and hypopsia. Once the SARS‐CoV‐2 has entered the central nervous system (CNS), it can either exit in an inactive form in the tissues or may lead to neuroinflammation. Here, we aim to discuss the chronic infection of the olfactory bulb region of the brain by SARS‐CoV‐2 and how this could affect the nearby residing neurons in the host. We further review the probable cellular mechanism and activation of the microglia 1 phenotype possibly leading to various neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, SARS‐CoV‐2 might probably infect the olfactory bulb neuron enervating the nasal epithelium accessing the CNS and might cause neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Predicting soil pH changes in response to application of urea and sheep urine
Authors: Curtin D. , Peterson M. E. , Qiu W. , Fraser P. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVolatilization of NH3 following urea application or livestock urine deposition can result in significant loss of N to the environment. Urea hydrolysis to NH4+ results in an increase in pH, which in turn promotes transformation of NH4+ to NH3. Accurately predicting changes in soil pH following urea (or urine) application will allow successful simulation of NH3 volatilization. The magnitude of the pH change depends on the soil's pH buffering capacity (pHBC). However, as actual pHBC values are not generally available, pHBC proxies (e.g., cation exchange capacity) have been used in modeling studies. In a 34‐d laboratory incubation study, we measured soil pH and mineral N (NH4+ and NO3−) following a large application of urea (800 mg N kg−1 soil) to four soils with a range of pHBC values. In a second incubation, pH changes and mineral N dynamics were monitored in soil treated with sheep urine (773 mg N kg−1 soil) in the absence and presence of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide. In both incubations, pH changes associated with urea hydrolysis and subsequent nitrification of NH4+ were predicted well using measured pHBC data. Our results confirmed that pHBC is base‐type dependent (values greater when measured using KOH than NH4OH). Soil pHBC is easily measured, and the use of a measured value (determined using NH4OH) can improve model simulations of pH in the field and, potentially, lead to improved estimates of NH3 loss from animal‐deposited urine patches and urea‐treated soil.
The mechanism of Chinese herbal formula HQT in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is related to its regulation of lncRNA uc.477 and miR-19b
Authors: Wang Maojie , Mei Liyan , Liu Zehao , Tang Xuan , Wu Xiaodong , Chen Xiumin , Zhao Yue , Huang Qingchun , Huang Runyue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has been associated with dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) expression in serum and in lesioned tissue. In this study, a microarray assay was performed to study the profile of lncRNAs in the serum of RA patients and healthy donors, and a set of novel lncRNAs associated with RA was identified. For the remainder of the study, focus is on the top hit, lncRNA uc.477. The upregulation of lncRNA uc.477 and downregulation of miR-19b were validated in the serum of RA patients compared to that of healthy donors, and similar results were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of a cell line: RA-derived human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS-RA). LncRNA uc.477 could interfere with the processing of pri-miR-19b to produce its mature form and thereby played a pro-inflammatory role. In addition, Huayu Qiangshen Tongbi formula (HQT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been shown to exert a promising therapeutic effect on RA and to exhibit long-term safety in our previous clinical retrospective study. Importantly, HQT treatment normalized the levels of lncRNA uc.477 and miR-19b in HFLS-RA in vitro and in mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis. HQT treatment, knockdown of lncRNA uc.477, and overexpression of miR-19b resulted in a comparable inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in HFLS-RA cells. Together, these data suggest that the therapeutic effects of HQT on RA are closely related to its modulation of lncRNA uc.477 and miR-19b.
Analysis of textbook outcomes among patients undergoing resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma: A multi‐institutional analysis of the US Sarcoma Collaborative
Authors: Wiseman Jason T. , Ethun Cecilia G. , Cloyd Jordan M. , Shelby Rita , Suarez‐Kelly Lorena , Tran Thuy , Poultsides George , Mogal Harveshp , Clarke Callisia , Tseng Jennifer , Roggin Kevin K. , Chouliaras Konstantinos , Votanopoulos Konstantinos , Krasnick Bradley , Fields Ryan , Walle Kara Vande , Ronnekleiv‐Kelly Sean , Howard John Harrison , Cardona Kenneth , Grignol Valerie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novel composite metric textbook outcome (TO) has increasingly been used as a quality indicator but has not been reported among patients undergoing surgical resection for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) using multi‐institutional collaborative data.MethodsAll patients who underwent resection for RPS between 2000 to 2016 from eight academic institutions were included. TO was defined as a patient with R0/R1 resection that discharged to home and was without transfusion, reoperation, grade ≥2 complications, hospital‐stay >50th percentile, or 90‐day readmission or mortality. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.ResultsAmong 627 patients, 56.1% were female and the median age was 59 years. A minority of patients achieved a TO (34.9%). Factors associated with achieving a TO were tumor size <20 cm and low tumor grade, while ASA class ≥3, history of a prior cardiac event, resection of left colon/rectum, distal pancreatic resection, major venous resection and drain placement were associated with not achieving a TO (all P < .05). Achievement of a TO was associated with improved survival (median:12.7 vs 5.9 years, P < .01).ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing resection for RPS, failure to achieve TO is common and associated with significantly worse survival. The use of TO may inform patient expectations and serve as a measure for patient‐level hospital performance.
Comprehensive evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of Sceptridium ternatum using multiple colorimetric methods and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl–high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis
Authors: Zhu Junfeng , Zhong Like , Kong Sisi , Zhang Yuting , Huang Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSceptridium ternatum is a medicinal herb with multiple health benefits. However, its antioxidant activity and active components have not been clarified. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of S. ternatum was comprehensively investigated using multiple colorimetric methods and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl–high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. First, the phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging ability of S. ternatum were parallelly determined using colorimetric methods performed in 96‐well microplates. The flavonoid content, rather than the phenolic content, was highly correlated with its antioxidant activity. Sceptridium ternatum was shown to be a rich source of flavonoids, with a highest flavonoid yield of 3.44 ± 0.11 mg/g. Subsequently, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl–high‐performance liquid chromatography experiment and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analyses were carried out for rapid screening of the individual antioxidants. A total of 14 O‐glycosyl flavonoids with quercetin or kaempferol aglycone have been characterized. Particularly, quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside‐7‐O‐glucoside exhibited the most potent antioxidant ability. Its half‐maximal effective concentrations for scavenging 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2ʹ‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radicals were 70.55 ± 2.69 and 106.90 ± 1.76 µg/mL, respectively, which were comparable with those of l‐ascorbic acid. Our results indicated that the combined colorimetric and chromatographic methods provided a practical strategy for the discovery of bioactive compounds from natural products.
A new method to quantify air–water gas exchanges in streams based on slug injection and semicontinuous measurement
Authors: Vautier Camille , Abhervé Ronan , Chatton Eliot , Labasque Thierry , de Dreuzy Jean‐Raynald 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGas exchanges between streams and atmosphere strongly impact biogeochemical cycles, yet their quantification in space and time remains challenging. We propose a new method to measure gas exchange rate coefficients in headwater streams. The method is based on simultaneous slug injections of a conservative tracer and a volatile tracer, coupled to in situ semicontinuous measurements. Its originality lies in the mathematical exploitation of the tracers' breakthrough curves. Taking advantage of the entire breakthrough curves, we infer the gas exchange rate coefficient from a comparative analysis of the shape of the volatile and the conservative breakthrough curves. Tests on synthetic datasets confirmed the validity of the mathematical framework for the whole range of gas exchange rate coefficients found in headwater streams. Field experiments further attested to the real‐world applicability of the method. Salt and helium injections were performed in a first‐order stream and the helium breakthrough curves were obtained using in situ membrane inlet mass spectrometry. This new method allows to determine the gas exchange rates directly in the field, without any external calibration of the data. Its fast implementation enables a wider spatial coverage of the measurements of gas exchange rates, and thus offers an opportunity to improve the large‐scale estimates of CO2 emissions from headwater streams. More generally, our study highlights the informative potential of semicontinuous datasets and encourages further investigation of possible use of temporal signals.
Physicochemical studies of galvanized steel corrosion in urban, industrial, and marine environments, and corrosion mapping of Karachi city: An important coastal city of the 21st‐century modern maritime silk route
Authors: Zafar Faiza , Bano Humaira , Mahmood Azhar , Corvo Francisco , Rodriguez Joelis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coastal city of Karachi is an imperative part of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, which is integrated with the modern maritime silk route of the 21st century. This paper presents the corrosion mapping and physicochemical studies of galvanized steel corrosion exposed at the urban, industrial, and marine test sites located in the Karachi coastal city from July 2018 to June 2019. Tests have been performed to determine chloride, sulfur dioxide, time of wetness (TOW), and corrosion rates as per ISO protocols 9223 and 9225, and ASTM standards G1, G50, G140‐02, D4458‐94, and D2010. All test sites have been assigned the C5+ corrosivity category, based on corrosion rates of the galvanized steel, which is not completely in line with the corrosivity category derived from atmospheric pollutants and TOW values for these test sites. SEM/EDS, XRD, and FTIR have characterized the presence of simonkolleite, hydrozincite, and zincite at nearly all the test sites, whereas gordaite is only detected at the marine test sites. Zinc(I) chlorohydroxysulfate is also observed at an urban test site. This study has furnished a novel product of a galvanized steel corrosion map for Karachi, Pakistan.
Analysis of the water vapour transport and accumulation mechanism during the “7.31” extreme rainstorm event in the southeastern Hami area, China
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Fan , Tuoliewubieke Dilinuer , Yang Lianmei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA combination of reanalysis, merged‐product, satellite, observation station and Global Positioning System (GPS)‐based precipitable water vapour data is used to analyse the characteristics of water vapour transmission and aggregation during an extreme rainstorm event that occurred in the southeastern Hami area of Xinjiang, China, in July 2018. The strengthening of the low‐level easterly jet stream in the Hexi Corridor and terrain convergence were the main drivers for the rapid accumulation of water vapour. Results suggest there was continuous water vapour transport toward the rainstorm area which occurred in three different stages. During the first stage, the rainstorm area humidified slowly under the influence of the mid‐latitude trough. In the second stage, the location of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was anomalously shifted to the north, and a southerly air flow carrying water vapour from the South China Sea merged with the easterly jet stream south of the WPSH, near the Hexi Corridor. The wet water vapour from the ocean was transported to the southeastern Hami area by an easterly water vapour relay transmission. In the last stage, as the low‐level jet stream in the Hexi Corridor strengthened, the abundant water vapour was accumulated and gathered in the heavy rainstorm area. The extreme precipitation was caused by the transport of water vapour from the lower to the upper level, which made it rapidly converge, rise and condense.
Identifying putative cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a north Indian population
Authors: Khosla Radhika , Rain Manjari , Chawathey Shreyas , Modgil Shweta , Tyagi Rahul , Thakur Keshav , Pannu Viraaj , Sharma Suresh Kumar , Anand Akshay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvidence‐based information about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of biomarkers in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is limited.MethodsVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), optineurin (OPTN), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), angiogenin (ANG), and TAR DNA‐binding protein (TDP‐43) were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunoassay in the CSF of 54 patients with sporadic ALS and 32 controls in a case‐control study design.ResultsCSF levels of VEGF (P = .014) and ANG (P = .009) were decreased, whereas VEGFR2 was higher (P = .002) in patients with ALS than in controls. TDP‐43 positively correlated with MCP‐1 (P = .003), VEGF (P < .001), and VEGFR2 (P < .001) in patients with ALS.DiscussionOur findings suggest possible utility of VEGF, VEGFR2, and ANG as biomarkers for use in ALS treatment trials.
Flood resilience loci SUBMERGENCE 1 and ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 interact in seedlings established underwater
Authors: Alam Rejbana , Hummel Maureen , Yeung Elaine , Locke Anna M. , Ignacio John Carlos I. , Baltazar Miriam D. , Jia Zhenyu , Ismail Abdelbagi M. , Septiningsih Endang M. , Bailey‐Serres Julia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCrops with resilience to multiple climatic stresses are essential for increased yield stability. Here, we evaluate the interaction between two loci associated with flooding survival in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ANAEROBIC GERMINATION 1 (AG1), encoding TREHALOSE 6‐PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE 7 (TPP7), promotes mobilization of endosperm reserves to enhance the elongation of a hollow coleoptile in seeds that are seeded directly into shallow paddies. SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1), encoding the ethylene‐responsive transcription factor SUB1A‐1, confers tolerance to complete submergence by dampening carbohydrate catabolism, to enhance recovery upon desubmergence. Interactions between AG1/TPP7 and SUB1/SUB1A‐1 were investigated under three flooding scenarios using four near‐isogenic lines by surveying growth and survival. Pyramiding of the two loci does not negatively affect anaerobic germination or vegetative‐stage submergence tolerance. However, the pyramided AG1 SUB1 genotype displays reduced survival when seeds are planted underwater and maintained under submergence for 16 d. To better understand the roles of TPP7 and SUB1A‐1 and their interaction, temporal changes in carbohydrates and shoot transcriptomes were monitored in the four genotypes varying at the two loci at four developmental timeponts, from day 2 after seeding through day 14 of complete submergence. TPP7 enhances early coleoptile elongation, whereas SUB1A‐1 promotes precocious photoautotrophy and then restricts underwater elongation. By contrast, pyramiding of the AG1 and SUB1 slows elongation growth, the transition to photoautotrophy, and survival. mRNA‐sequencing highlights time‐dependent and genotype‐specific regulation of mRNAs associated with DNA repair, cell cycle, chromatin modification, plastid biogenesis, carbohydrate catabolism and transport, elongation growth, and other processes. These results suggest that interactions between AG1/TPP7 and SUB1/SUB1A‐1 could impact seedling establishment if paddy depth is not effectively managed after direct seeding.
High‐flow nasal cannula vs standard respiratory care in pediatric procedural sedation: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Klotz Daniel , Seifert Viktor , Baumgartner Jana , Teufel Ulrike , Fuchs Hans 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionRespiratory instability is frequently observed during pediatric procedural sedation. The aim of this trial was to estimate the impact of high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy on respiratory stability during sedation for upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy in children.MethodsProspective randomized controlled non‐blinded single‐center pilot trial. Children were randomly allocated to receive either HFNC (2 L/kg/min) or low‐flow nasal oxygen cannula (LFNC, standard care). FiO2 was titrated to maintain SpO2 94% to 98% in both groups. Primary outcome was the number of events of respiratory instability defined by prespecified criteria (hypoxia, hypercapnia, apnea). Secondary outcomes included type and duration of events, number of interventions to regain respiratory stability and cumulative doses of medication.ResultsFifty children (mean age, 12.3 ± 3.1 years) were enrolled and treated with HFNC (n = 25) or LFNC (n = 25). Patient and intervention characteristics were not different in the two study groups, including total oxygen flow rate. Mean (SD) number of respiratory events in the HFNC group was 2.0 ± 1.9 events compared to 2.0 ± 1.4 events in the LFNC group (P = .65; 95% CI of difference, −1.0 to 1.0). There was no difference for any secondary outcome criteria, percentage of patients for any outcome criteria and no difference in the number of respiratory events or airway management maneuvers per patient between treatment groups.ConclusionsHFNC did not increase respiratory stability in sedated children undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy compared to LFNC.
Cumulative deamidations of the major lens protein γS‐crystallin increase its aggregation during unfolding and oxidation
Authors: Vetter Calvin J. , Thorn David C. , Wheeler Samuel G. , Mundorff Charlie C. , Halverson Kate A. , Wales Thomas E. , Shinde Ujwal P. , Engen John R. , David Larry L. , Carver John A. , Lampi Kirsten J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAge‐related lens cataract is the major cause of blindness worldwide. The mechanisms whereby crystallins, the predominant lens proteins, assemble into large aggregates that scatter light within the lens, and cause cataract, are poorly understood. Due to the lack of protein turnover in the lens, crystallins are long‐lived. A major crystallin, γS, is heavily modified by deamidation, in particular at surface‐exposed N14, N76, and N143 to introduce negative charges. In this present study, deamidated γS was mimicked by mutation with aspartate at these sites and the effect on biophysical properties of γS was assessed via dynamic light scattering, chemical and thermal denaturation, hydrogen‐deuterium exchange, and susceptibility to disulfide cross‐linking. Compared with wild type γS, a small population of each deamidated mutant aggregated rapidly into large, light‐scattering species that contributed significantly to the total scattering. Under partially denaturing conditions in guanidine hydrochloride or elevated temperature, deamidation led to more rapid unfolding and aggregation and increased susceptibility to oxidation. The triple mutant was further destabilized, suggesting that the effects of deamidation were cumulative. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that deamidation augments the conformational dynamics of γS. We suggest that these perturbations disrupt the native disulfide arrangement of γS and promote the formation of disulfide‐linked aggregates. The lens‐specific chaperone αA‐crystallin was poor at preventing the aggregation of the triple mutant. It is concluded that surface deamidations cause minimal structural disruption individually, but cumulatively they progressively destabilize γS‐crystallin leading to unfolding and aggregation, as occurs in aged and cataractous lenses.
An Optimal Measurement Strategy to Beat the Quantum Uncertainty in Correlated System
Authors: Li Jun‐Li , Qiao Cong‐Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUncertainty principle is an inherent nature of quantum system that undermines the precise measurement of incompatible observables and hence the applications of quantum theory. Entanglement, another unique feature of quantum physics, may help to reduce the quantum uncertainty. In this paper, a practical method is proposed to reduce the one party measurement uncertainty by determining the measurement on the other party of an entangled bipartite system. In light of this method, a family of conditional majorization uncertainty relations in the presence of quantum memory is constructed, which is applicable to arbitrary number of observables. The new family of uncertainty relations implies sophisticated structures of quantum uncertainty and non‐locality, that are usually studied by using scalar measures. Applications to reduce the local uncertainty and to witness quantum non‐locality are also presented.