bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated future conditions of ocean warming and acidification disrupt the microbiome of the calcifying foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis across life stages
Authors: Botté E. S. , Luter H. M. , Marangon E. , Patel F. , Uthicke S. , Webster N. S. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryForaminifera host diverse microbial communities that can shift in response to changing environmental conditions. To characterize climate change impacts on the foraminifera microbiome across life stages, we exposed adult Marginopora vertebralis (Large Benthic Foraminifera) to pCO2 and temperature scenarios representing present‐day, 2050 and 2100 levels and raised juveniles under present‐day and 2050 conditions. While treatment condition had no significant effect on the seawater microbial communities, exposure to future scenarios significantly altered both adult and juvenile microbiomes. In adults, divergence between present‐day and 2050 or 2100 conditions was primarily driven by a reduced relative abundance of Oxyphotobacteria under elevated temperature and pCO2. In juveniles, the microbial shift predominantly resulted from changes in the proportion of Proteobacteria. Indicator species analysis identified numerous treatment‐specific indicator taxa, most of which were indicative of present‐day conditions. Oxyphotobacteria, previously reported as putative symbionts of foraminifera, were indicative of present‐day and 2050 conditions in adults, but of present‐day conditions only in juveniles. Overall, we show that the sensitivity of the M. vertebralis microbiome to climate change scenarios extends to both life stages and primarily correlates with declines in Oxyphotobacteria and shifts in Proteobacteria under elevated temperature and pCO2.
Tumor invasion in the central airway is a risk factor for early‐onset checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Moda Mitsuhiro , Saito Haruhiro , Kato Terufumi , Usui Ryo , Kondo Tetsuro , Nakahara Yoshiro , Murakami Shuji , Yamamoto Kouji , Yamada Kouzo 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAnti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) immunotherapy can cause immune‐related pneumonitis, also known as checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP). CIP that develops early after the initiation of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy is important because it is more severe than CIP that develops later. However, only a few studies have examined the risk factors for early‐onset CIP. Previous studies have reported several risk factors for CIP, including imaging findings of airway obstruction adjacent to lung tumors. However, the utility of this factor is debatable. Therefore, we investigated potential risk factors for early‐onset CIP, including tumor invasion in the central airway (TICA), in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving anti‐PD‐1 therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records and chest computed tomography scans of patients with NSCLC treated with anti‐PD‐1 antibodies at the Kanagawa Cancer Center in Japan between 1 January 2016, and 30 June 2018. The clinical characteristics and imaging findings, including TICA, were compared between patients with and without early‐onset CIP.ResultsData from 181 eligible patients (114 receiving nivolumab and 67 receiving pembrolizumab) were analyzed. Early‐onset CIP occurred in 13 of 79 patients (16.5%) with TICA and 2 of 102 patients (2.0%) without TICA. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratio of early‐onset CIP for patients with TICA was 8.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98–34.0, P = 0.0037).ConclusionsTICA was strongly associated with early‐onset CIP in patients with NSCLC. Clinicians should carefully observe patients with TICA, especially within three months of anti‐PD‐1 antibody administration because of high CIP risk.Key pointsSignificant study findings
Tumor invasion in the central airway (TICA) was a predictor of early‐onset checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP)
TICA had good interobserver variability, indicating its utility in clinical practice
Patients with TICA might have a higher immune status than patients without
What this study adds
This is the first study focusing on risk factors for CIP limited to early‐onset CIP.
Effect of forest stand type on host plant quality and direct and indirect effects on pine sawfly performance
Authors: Bellone Davide , Björkman Christer , Schmidt Axel , Gershenzon Jonathan , Klapwijk Maartje J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Observed lower levels of herbivory in mixed compared with monoculture stands have been hypothesized to depend on top‐down forces, through higher predation pressure by natural enemies or through bottom‐up mechanisms through plant quality effects on herbivore performance.
In this study, we compared the performance measured as host plant induced mortality, cocoon weight, and predation mortality of the European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) in mixed and monoculture forest stands.
We did not observe a difference in host plant induced mortality, cocoon weight, or predation mortality between mixed and monoculture forest stands. We did find an effect of local conditions around each experimental tree on pine sawfly performance. For example, the nitrogen content of pine needles is negatively affected by the proportion of pine around the experimental tree, which in turn increases the survival of sawfly larvae.
The results suggest that local conditions around individual trees are more important for the performance of the European pine sawfly than stand type, i.e. mixed or monoculture plant stands.
We conclude that the ongoing trend for diversification within commercial forestry calls for more research where the effects of both bottom‐up and top‐down effects are studied at several spatial scales.
Who are the optimal candidates for partial breast irradiation?
Authors: Joo Ji Hyeon , Ki Yongkan , Jeon Hosang , Kim Dong Woon , Jung Jinhong , Kim Su Ssan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAt the 2017 St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Conference on the Primary Therapy for Early Breast Cancer, the consensus panel recognized “partial breast irradiation as an option for women meeting the low‐risk criteria put forward by the American Society for Radiation Oncology/European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ASTRO/ESTRO) guideline,” although acknowledging that there was less evidence for this approach. Partial breast irradiation is defined as irradiation localized to the surgical resection cavity only as opposed to the entire breast. Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) involves intensive treatment in a short time period. The methods vary, and three available APBI options are brachytherapy, external beam and intra‐operative irradiation. The long‐term follow‐up results from two large‐scale, well‐designed phase III randomized clinical trials have been released. However, further discussion of the optimal treatment candidates and delivery method is needed before the clinical application of APBI as a mainstream breast conservation treatment.
Postoperative radiotherapy improves overall survival in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Wang Xuanyi , Zhang Li , Luo Jurui , Jin Kairui , Yang Zhaozhi , Meng Jin , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Zhen , Shao Zhimin , Guo Xiaomao , Chen Xingxing , Yu Xiaoli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast (PSCCB) is a rare clinical classification of breast tumors. Little is known about its clinicopathological features, prognosis and potential therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with PSCCB in our center. All pathological slides were reviewed by an experienced pathologist to confirm the diagnosis. Furthermore, we searched the public database for patients with SCC of the breast. Then, we analyzed the clinicopathological features, treatment methods and patient outcomes.ResultsWe identified 14 patients with primary SCC of the breast in our center. Additionally, 739 patients with SCC of the breast from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were diagnosed between 1975 and 2016. Only 453 patients who underwent surgery were included in this study. Patients from the SEER database had a more advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage than patients from our center. The median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 104 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.2–120.8 months), and the 5‐year OS was 60.8% (95% CI, 56.1%–65.5%). Most of the patients (58%) tested negative for hormonal receptor expression. Multivariate analysis showed that PORT was an independent prognostic factor for OS.ConclusionThe results of our study demonstrate that SCC of the breast presents aggressive behavior with unique clinical characteristics. PORT improved OS significantly in patients with SCC of the breast. Longer‐term studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Single‐cell molecular profiling provides a high‐resolution map of basophil and mast cell development
Authors: Hamey Fiona K. , Lau Winnie W.Y. , Kucinski Iwo , Wang Xiaonan , Diamanti Evangelia , Wilson Nicola K. , Göttgens Berthold , Dahlin Joakim S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBasophils and mast cells contribute to the development of allergic reactions. Whereas these mature effector cells are extensively studied, the differentiation trajectories from hematopoietic progenitors to basophils and mast cells are largely uncharted at the single‐cell level.MethodsWe performed multicolor flow cytometry, high‐coverage single‐cell RNA sequencing analyses, and cell fate assays to chart basophil and mast cell differentiation at single‐cell resolution in mouse.ResultsAnalysis of flow cytometry data reconstructed a detailed map of basophil and mast cell differentiation, including a bifurcation of progenitors into two specific trajectories. Molecular profiling and pseudotime ordering of the single cells revealed gene expression changes during differentiation. Cell fate assays showed that multicolor flow cytometry and transcriptional profiling successfully predict the bipotent phenotype of a previously uncharacterized population of peritoneal basophil‐mast cell progenitors.ConclusionsA combination of molecular and functional profiling of bone marrow and peritoneal cells provided a detailed road map of basophil and mast cell development. An interactive web resource was created to enable the wider research community to explore the expression dynamics for any gene of interest.
Systemic allergic reactions induced by labile plant‐food allergens: Seeking potential cofactors. A multicenter study
Authors: Asero Riccardo , Ariano Renato , Aruanno Arianna , Barzaghi Claudio , Borrelli Paolo , Busa Moira , Celi Giorgio , Cinquini Massimo , Cortellini Gabriele , D’Auria Francesca , De Carli Marco , Di Paolo Camilla , Garzi Giulia , Lodi Rizzini Fabio , Magnani Monica , Manzotti Giuseppina , Marra Alessandro , Miceli Sopo Stefano , Murzilli Francesco , Nucera Eleonora , Pinter Elena , Pravettoni Valerio , Rivolta Federica , Rizzi Angela , Saporiti Nicoletta , Scala Enrico , Villalta Danilo , Yacoub Mona‐Rita , Zisa Giuliana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeat‐and‐pepsin‐sensitive plant food allergens (PR‐10 and profilin) sometimes cause systemic reaction.ObjectiveTo detect the risk factors for systemic reactions induced by labile food allergens.MethodsA retrospective multicenter study was performed on patients with a documented history of systemic allergic reaction to labile plant food allergens and on age‐matched controls with a history of oral allergy syndrome (OAS) induced by the same foods. Offending foods, their amount, and state (solid or liquid), and potential cofactors (nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, protonic pump inhibitors, exercise, alcohol, and fasting) were considered.ResultsWe studied 89 patients and 81 controls. Sensitization to PR‐10 or profilin, IgE to Bet v 1 and/or Bet v 2, and foods causing OAS were similar in the two groups. Twenty patients experienced >1 systemic allergic reaction. Tree nuts, Rosaceae, Apiaceae, and soymilk were the main offending foods. Seventeen (19%) patients were taking a PPI when the systemic reaction occurred (vs 5% in controls; P < .025). The ingestion of the offending food in liquid form (soymilk) was frequent among patients (15%) but unusual among controls (2%; P < .025). Soy milk‐induced systemic reactions were independent of PPI treatment. Fasting and excess of allergen, but not NSAID and exercise, were other relevant cofactors for systemic reactions. Systemic reactions occurred without any identifiable cofactor in 39 (44%) cases.ConclusionPR‐10‐ and profilin‐induced systemic reactions are facilitated by PPI, ingestion of large amounts of unprocessed foods, and fasting. Soybean beverages represent a risk for PR‐10 hypersensitive patients and should be avoided.
Exploring women’s attitudes, knowledge, and intentions to use oocyte freezing for non‐medical reasons: A systematic review
Authors: Platts Sophie , Trigg Bethan , Bracewell‐Milnes Timothy , Jones Benjamin P. , Saso Srdjan , Parikh Jaya , Nicopoullos James , Almeida Paula , Norman‐Taylor Julian , Nikolaou Dimitrios , Johnson Mark , Thum Meen‐Yau 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionWomen are postponing childbearing and preventing age‐related fertility decline with oocyte freezing for non‐medical reasons (OFNMR). The objective of this systematic evaluation was to gain an understanding of women's attitudes and knowledge of, and intentions to use OFNMR among users of OFNMR and the general public.Material and methodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PyschINFO databases was undertaken, for studies that examined the psychosocial attitudes among women toward OFNMR. The search was limited to English language and no time restriction was set for publications. Extracted data were analyzed using thematic analysis and the study was performed according to PRISMA guidelines with prospective PROSPERO registration (CRD4201912578).ResultsOverall, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were broadly categorized into studies investigating users or potential users of OFNMR, and studies examining the views of members of the general public. Users of OFNMR have good knowledge of age‐related fertility decline and awareness of the OFNMR procedure. Lack of partner was identified as the most common motivating factor to undertake OFNMR, with cost as a predominant concern. Knowledge among the general public of OFNMR is highly variable. Underestimation of age‐related fertility decline is common among the general public. Intentions of women to use OFNMR also varied drastically between studies.ConclusionsWomen are predominantly motivated to freeze eggs by the lack of a suitable partner, but cost is a significant barrier. Increasing the number of women pursuing OFNMR at an earlier stage may positively impact upon the risk of future involuntary childlessness. Better information should be made available to both women and men about their fertility and options to inform their reproductive decision‐making.
Eltrombopag as first‐line treatment for thrombocytopenia among paediatric patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Qiu Kun‐yin , Liao Xiong‐yu , Huang Ke , Wu Ruo‐hao , Xu Hong‐gui , Xu Lu‐hong , Li Yang , Weng Wen‐jun , Zhou Dun‐hua , Fang Jian‐pei 
Published: October 2020

AimsThe purpose of this study is to examine the safety and efficacy of eltrombopag as first‐line treatment for thrombocytopenia among paediatric patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsForty‐three childhood patients with thrombocytopenia after HSCT who received eltrombopag were retrospectively analysed.ResultEltrombopag was began at the median of 27 days after HSCT and lasted for 24 days. Thirty‐five children responded to eltrombopag therapy, and the cumulative platelet recovery rate was 88.9%. The cumulative incidence of platelet recovery was lower (83.9 vs 100%; P = .035) in patients with decreased numbers of megakaryocytes before starting eltrombopag than in those with normal. Factors associated with a significantly elevated response to eltrobopag from univariate analysis were donor type. Results from the multiple regression analysis found that weight (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5–0.9, P = .022), platelet engraftment time (HR = 1.0, 95%CI 1.0–1.0, P = .012) and bone marrow megakaryocytes (HR = 8.0, 95%CI 1.5–43.3, P = .016) before starting eltrombopag were the independent risk factors. Based on Youden's index algorithm in the receiver‐operating characteristic curve, the optimal cut‐off value of the maintenance dose of eltrombopag in predicting nonresponders was 4 mg/kg. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was 0.923 with sensitivity of 97.8%, specificity of 87.9%, positive predictive value of 72.3%, and negative predictive value of 92%. None of the paediatric patients stopped using eltrombopag due to side effect or intolerability.ConclusionEltrombopag is effective and safe in paediatric patients with thrombocytopenia after HSCT. The number of megakaryocytes in bone marrow before eltrombopag treatment may serve as a predictor of the response to eltrombopag. We recommend that the maintenance dose of eltrombopag should not exceed 4 mg/kg/d.
A novel digital and visualized guided bone regeneration procedure and digital precise bone augmentation: A case series
Authors: Li Songhang , Zhang Tianxu , Zhou Mi , Zhang Xiaolin , Gao Yang , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the traditional bone augmentation technology can basically meet the clinical needs at present, the effect of bone augmentation in most cases is related to the experience of the operator.ProposeThis study commits to providing a digital solution for precise bone augmentation in the field of oral implantology.Materials and methodsAfter collecting the data of patients' intraoral scanning and DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine), the implant position is digitally designed, and the alveolar bone is digitally augmented around the ideal implant position. On the premise of ensuring that the thickness of labial bone is 2 mm, and there is sufficient alveolar bone 3 to 4 mm apically from the ideal gingival margin for implant placing, we carry out excessive augmentation of 0.5 and 1 mm on the labial bone and alveolar crest, respectively, to compensate for possible bone resorption after 6 months. After 3D printing the reconstructed alveolar bone model, the titanium mesh is trimmed and preformed on the alveolar bone model. Outcomes are reported in terms of mean values (5%‐95% percentile values).ResultsThirty implant sites have accepted this novel virtually designed alveolar bone augmentation. Before the second‐stage surgery, the average vertical bone gain was 2.48 mm (0.29‐6.32), the average horizontal bone gain was 4.11 mm (1.19‐8.74), the average height of the residual alveolar bone above the implant platform was 1.44 mm (0.59‐2.92), the average thickness of the labial bone width at the implant platform was 2.00 mm (0.93‐3.64), the average thickness of the labial bone width at 2 mm apically from the implant platform was 2.74 mm (1.40‐5.46). The virtual augmentation of each tooth position was 349.41 mm3 (165.70‐482.70), while the actual augmentation of each tooth position was 352.94 mm3 (159.24‐501.78), the accuracy of the final actual augmentation reached 95.82% (range from 88.53% to 99.15%).ConclusionThis case series suggests that a virtually digital guided bone regeneration (GBR) workflow is precise and controllable. The practicality, safety and effectiveness of this procedure needs to be compared to other bone augmentation procedures in randomized controlled trials.
Critical habitat identification of peripheral Sage Thrashers under climate change
Authors: Millikin Rhonda L. , Joy Ruth , Komaromi Jason , Harrison Megan , Mahony Nancy , Vander Haegen William Matthew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) has been assessed as “Endangered” in Canada since 1992. Like other species with a geographic range that barely extends into Canada, Sage Thrashers are rare. Thirty‐one percent of Canada's bird species listed for recovery under the Canadian Species at Risk Act (SARA) are at the periphery of their range. A listing of “endangered” under SARA requires identification of critical habitat for the species. With anticipated climate change, recovery of species requires a more proactive intervention than relying on historical occurrence to locate suitable habitat. We synthesized 19 years of Sage Thrasher occurrence and related habitat data across the species' northern range in British Columbia (BC) and Washington (WA) to define critical habitat characteristics. We found Sage Thrashers selected less leaf litter and less grass cover in flat or low‐slope regions farther from anthropogenic or natural habitat breaks; habitat sensitive to the expected climate change impacts of fire, changes in precipitation, and invasive species establishment. By augmenting the BC data collected in the species' peripheral range with data from their core distribution in WA, we identified key habitat elements of an otherwise data‐poor species that do not breed in sufficient numbers in Canada to reliably characterize their habitat. These methods improve the identification of “critical habitat” for peripheral species like Sage Thrashers in preparation for climate‐induced range expansion northward. The framework developed demonstrates a useful template for conservation strategies for data‐limited peripheral populations in other regions. Focusing on the landscape‐level variables that indicate good habitat, and not the locations of habitat, can identify suitable future areas for conservation.
Identification and characterization of a fibroblast growth factor gene in the planarian Dugesia japonica
Authors: Auwal Mohammad Abdul , Kashima Makoto , Nishimura Osamu , Hosoda Kazutaka , Motoishi Minako , Kamimura Akifumi , Okumura Akinori , Agata Kiyokazu , Umesono Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlanarians belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes and can regenerate their missing body parts after injury via activation of somatic pluripotent stem cells called neoblasts. Previous studies suggested that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays a crucial role in the regulation of head tissue differentiation during planarian regeneration. To date, however, no FGF homologues in the Platyhelminthes have been reported. Here, we used a planarian Dugesia japonica model and identified an fgf gene termed Djfgf, which encodes a putative secreted protein with a core FGF domain characteristic of the FGF8/17/18 subfamily in bilaterians. Using Xenopus embryos, we found that DjFGF has FGF activity as assayed by Xbra induction. We next examined Djfgf expression in non‐regenerating intact and regenerating planarians. In intact planarians, Djfgf was expressed in the auricles in the head and the pharynx. In the early process of regeneration, Djfgf was transiently expressed in a subset of differentiated cells around wounds. Notably, Djfgf expression was highly induced in the process of head regeneration when compared to that in the tail regeneration. Furthermore, assays of head regeneration from tail fragments revealed that combinatorial actions of the anterior extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and posterior Wnt/ß‐catenin signaling restricted Djfgf expression to a certain anterior body part. This is the region where neoblasts undergo active proliferation to give rise to their differentiating progeny in response to wounding. The data suggest the possibility that DjFGF may act as an anterior counterpart of posteriorly localized Wnt molecules and trigger neoblast responses involved in planarian head regeneration.