bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of health, adverse childhood experiences, and maternal-infant relationship
Authors: Kapp J , Frech A , Hall B , Kemner A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Low strength of maternal-infant relationship (MIR) is consistently associated with early childhood obesity risk. Because obesity often persists once it develops, primary prevention is needed early. Home visiting programs support families with social determinants of health (SDH) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs); SDH and ACEs contribute to health inequities. Addressing SDH and ACEs may facilitate improvements in MIR and ultimately mitigate early childhood obesity risk. Limited to no research has examined the association between ACEs, SDH, and MIR. In the context of a national, evidence-based home visiting program, we asked: are SDH and ACEs associated with low MIR?

Methods
This sample includes 6,972 children ages 0–&lt;24 months enrolled in the Parents as Teachers home visiting program across the United States from sites using the Life Skills Progression (LSP) instrument through February 2020. Low MIR is dichotomized from a 1-5 scale, with low scores reflecting low nurturing, bonding, and responsiveness. We used the literature, theory, and a stepwise logistic regression model-building process to identify a parsimonious model for MIR.

Results
Preliminary results reflect 34.2% Hispanic or Latino, 22.7% non-Hispanic Black, 35.3% non-Hispanic Other race; 83.9% low income; 36.9% low education; and 13.4% mothers scoring low for MIR. Notable findings from modeling include: physical ACEs, captured here as child abuse or neglect (OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 4.10-6.11); mental illness ACEs, captured here as a mother/parent with mental illness (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.63), or the mother/parent treated violently (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.56-2.40). Protective associations include mothers' support of child development and self-esteem scores.

Conclusions
Understanding the complex interplay of SDH, ACEs, and MIR is critical for developing interventions that address “upstream” family characteristics in order to mitigate early childhood obesity risk. ACEs play a predominant role.

Key messages
This is the first known study to concurrently examine maternal-infant relationship, social determinants of health, and adverse childhood experiences. Home visiting programs may be critical partners in addressing these needs given their reach.
Community based medical education – specific needs of elderly population
Authors: Musil V , Majer M , Kujundžić Tiljak M , Jureša V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Many countries in the world are facing problem of population ageing. As a part of medical education regarding that matter, The Community Health Course, based on line that main fields of work for physicians are communities, not physician's consulting rooms, has been conducted at School of Medicine University of Zagreb.

Objectives
Students of last (sixth) year of study attend The Course through one week in rural and semi-urban areas of Croatia. They have insight in living conditions and needs of elderly population trough participation in work with community nurses, family doctors/general practitioners and gerontology house helpers. Students evaluate activities by anonymous questionnaire, giving a grade (from one-very bad to five-outstanding) and writing a short description of experience. For the purpose of this paper we analysed student's evaluation from academic year 2018./19.

Results
Very good and outstanding found 94% of students (N = 299) work with community nurse, 92% with gerontology helpers and 87% with physicians. The value of activities they described as: “ we got an insight into functioning and organization of healthcare outside clinical hospital centres and Zagreb, we entered homes of people and saw how and in what conditions they live”, “being able to participate in work with gerontology helpers and community nurses, first-hand learning, we learned a lot about community”, “extremely valuable insight into lives of people in very difficult life situations and evidenced value of gerontology home helpers”, “I saw differences of living conditions and health care between countryside and city”.

Conclusions
The results of evaluation showed students recognition of importance community oriented medical education, emphasising awareness about specific needs of elderly population.

Key messages
Community oriented medical education could motivate students to choose work in countryside areas in future carriers. Students recognized importance of community oriented medical education, emphasising awareness about specific needs of elderly population.
Parental engagement in social entrepreneurship by participatory action research at school of Nepal
Authors: Maharjan G , Devkota B , Gjotterud S , Bastien S L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
School education has immense role for the better future of a country. However, schools such as in a developing, country like Nepal face many barriers in demand creation as well as quality in classroom delivery. Students enter the school with mental stress and family problems. This restricts the educational outcome of schooling. Social entrepreneurship (SE) is an alien idea still in most schools in Nepal. By this venture, School social entrepreneurship can help the students and society to detect the skill of life which changes their life standard in future. It helps students to be regular in school, improve their health and ultimately bring change in overall educational achievement. In contrary to this, because of students poor economic condition they are neither able to have proper breakfast nor lunch which leads to sleepiness and inability to concentrate in the class room. Hence their learning outcome is poor. Following a Participatory Action Research (PAR) paradigm, the first author spent more than a year with rigorous field engagement in Janajivan Secondary school at Chitwan district of Nepal in order to understand the context and real need of SE. The school has own building and enough land where opportunity to develop entrepreneurship activities with the concept of 'supporting livelihood of parents through SE' approach. To dig out the reasons, We used informal talk, focused group discussion, observation and interview with teachers, students, community members, school management committee and parents. The study finding indicates that lack of time, teacher's fear of commercialism, impeding educational structures and sustainability were some of the challenges integrating SE in school. Experiential earning and learning based activities can be practiced in school outside the classroom. Having SE at school with parental involvement can be innovative pedagogical approach in school education of Nepal.

Key messages
Entrepreneurship linking with health education. Promote livelihood with entrepreneurship by participatory action research.
Impact of individual social deprivation on environmental risk perception by French pregnant women
Authors: Sauvant-Rochat M P , Bernard L , Pelissier M , Marie C , Lémery D , Vendittelli F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Individual social deprivation (ISD) can have significant impact on the life conditions. However, few studies explored the impact of ISD on the preventive behaviors adopted by pregnant women (PW) in relation to exposure of chemicals.

AIM
This study aims to describe the link between ISD and the perception of chemical and environmental risks.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was performed among PW present in maternity hospitals in Auvergne (France). Face-to-face interviews with a standardized questionnaire were used to collect anonymously the data (socio-demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, perception of environmental risks (PER Score based on Likert scale ranking from 0 to 10), individual social deprivation (by EPICES score)). Statistical analysis (univariate analysis - logistic regression) was performed with Modalisa® 8.0 (Kynos, Paris).

Results
300 PW (29±5 years old) were included. The majority of PW reported being aware of the risks associated with chemicals. The PER Score is estimated at 6.3±1.8. It was significantly associated with parity and trimester of pregnancy, and inversely linked to age of PW. The EPICES Score was 19.9 ±17.8 (rank: 0-85). With a precariousness threshold of 30, only a quarter of the PW were in a precarious situation. The EPICES Score was inversely related to age, smoking behaviors, and environmental risks perception. The criterion of choice of everyday products was linked to the EPICES score. 'Organic products' were mainly used by PW with EPICES Score &lt; 30 (not precarious).

Conclusions
The weight of social determinisms on environmental sensitivity highlights the need for targeted prevention. The role of health professionals in prevention and environmental health promotion is essential, especially to detect women of low socioeconomic status who may not be sensitive to media messages and prevention campaigns disseminated by health authorities.

Key messages
Perinatal health professionals must have a major role in environmental health promotion, especially for pregnant women with individual social deprivation. Perception of chemicals and environmental risks was inversely linked to the individual social deprivation (EPICES score) in this French PW population.
Formaldehyde in hospitals can still represent a risk factor. Oxidative stress and GSTT1 polymorphism
Authors: Ghelli F , Buglisi M , Bellisario V , Santovito A , Bono R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Nurses employed in operating theatres and pathologists are workers professionally exposed to some environmental xenobiotics, such as drugs and formaldehyde (FA). Through experimental and epidemiological studies, both acute and chronic inhalation of FA has been associated with various health effects, including toxicity in the respiratory tract and cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between occupational exposure to FA and the intensity of oxidative stress (OS).

Methods
87 female hospital workers were enrolled in a Turin hospital in Italy. Each subject filled a questionnaire and provided biological samples to measure OS biomarkers: 15-F2t-Isoprostane, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione content (GSX) in urine and inflammatory mediators and receptors (sIL-6R, VEGF-R2, TNFR1, TNFa, FGF2, CD30, CD27) in blood. All individuals were genotyped for CYP1A1, GSTT1, GSTM1, TNFa, and IL-6 polymorphisms. A personal passive air sampler, worn for a working shift (8h), assessed personal FA exposure.

Results
Subjects exposed to FA (27%) resulted to have a significant higher amount of 15-F2t-Isop (p = 0.000), MDA (p = 0.000), GSX (p = 0.001) compared with non-exposed workers. FA concentration was positively correlated with prevalence of reported respiratory symptoms (p = 0.004), 15-F2t-Isop (p = 0.044), GSX (p = 0.000), MDA (p = 0.000), FGF2 (p = 0.000), CD27 (p = 0.000) and negatively with sIL-6R (p = 0.001), VEGF-R2 (p = 0.000). A significant reduction was found in GSTT1 positive subjects concerning MDA levels (p = 0.000). The same relationship was found in the control group (b=-2.25; C.I. 0.21 - 0.516; p = 0.06).

Conclusions
FA exposure is confirmed to be an OS inductor and to be correlated with inflammatory response, highlighting how daily occupational exposure to this air pollutant can result in measurable biological outcomes.

Key messages
Daily occupational exposure to FA results in a disruption of oxidative status and inflammatory profile. GSTT1 gene polymorphism is able to influence the MDA levels in the control group.
Adding value to the use of Health Impact Assessment and social return on investment technologies
Authors: Green L , Ashton K , Dyakova M , Parry-Williams L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and Social Return on Investment (SROI) are beneficial public health methodologies that assess potential effects on health including social, economic and environmental factors and have synergies in their approaches. This paper explores how HIA and SROI can complement each other to capture and account for the impact and social value of an assessed intervention or policy.
A scoping review of academic and grey literature was undertaken to identify case studies published between January 1996 and April 2019 where HIA and SROI methods have been used to complement each other. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nine international experts from a range of regulatory/legislative contexts to gain a better understanding of past experiences and expertise of both HIA and SROI. A thematic analysis was undertaken on the data collected. The review identified two published reports which outline when HIA and SROI have both been used to assess the same intervention. Interview results suggest that both methods have strengths as standalone processes i.e. HIAs are well-structured in their approach, assessing health in its broadest context and SROI can add value by monetizing social value as well as capturing social/environmental impact. Similarities of the two methods were identified i.e. a strong emphasis on stakeholder engagement and common shared principles. When questioned how the two methods could complement each other in practice, the results indicate the benefits of using HIA to explore initial impact, and as a platform on which to build SROI to monetarize social value.
HIA and SROI methodologies have cross-over. The research suggests potential benefits when used in tandem or combining the methods to assess impact and account for health and social value. Innovative work is now being carried out in Wales to understand the implications of this in practice and to understand how the results of the two methods could be used by decision-makers.

Key messages
HIA and SROI methods can be used in tandem to capture both the health impact and social value of policies and proposed interventions. HIA and SROI when used together can provide valuable information to inform decision makers around the health impact and social value of proposed policies and interventions.
Condom negotiation self-efficacy and preparatory behaviors among Mozambican women at sexual risk
Authors: Patrão A L , McIntyre T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Preparatory behaviors (intention to use and buy/get condoms) are extremely important for sexual protection among African women, because the intentions to use and get condoms are the best predictors of effective condom use in some African contexts. However, these preventive behaviors are not as successful as desired, because they are often associated with negative meanings in the context of the sexual relationship. This study aims to identify whether condom negotiation self-efficacy is associated with sexual preparatory behaviors among Mozambican women at risk for HIV/AIDS infection.

Methods
Women (173), patients at a public Hospital and at risk for HIV infection, completed measures of sociodemographic and marital characteristics, condom negotiation self-efficacy, and sexual preparatory behaviors.

Results
Socio-demographic variables (age and education) explained 16.1% of variance (ΔF(2, 170)=16.30, p &lt;.001), and marital variables, “marital status” and “talking about AIDS with partner” explained 22.3% of additional variance (ΔF(2, 168)=30.36, p &lt;.001) in preparatory behaviors. The final model with condom negotiation self-efficacy explained 11.7% of additional variance (ΔF(1, 167)= 39.14, p &lt;.001), this being the most important correlate in the model (β = .48). We observed that higher condom negotiation self-efficacy is associated with higher levels of preparatory behaviors. The overall model explained 48.6% of variance in sexual preparatory behaviors.

Conclusions
These results seem to support an exploratory predictive model of sexual preparatory behaviors that can inform interventions directed at behavioral change among Mozambican women at sexual risk.

Key messages
Women who were younger, had a higher level of education, were single, and talked about AIDS, had higher levels of preparatory behaviors. Women who had a higher level of condom negotiation self-efficacy, had higher levels of preparatory behaviors.
The model of boosting the cross-sectoral cooperation for health and wellbeing in cities
Authors: Villerusa A , Gobina I , Vroblevska E , Bukova- Zideluna A , Linina I , Springe L , Liinamo A , Matinheikki-Kokko K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In health promotion practice, resources often are limited, and problems are complex. Cross-sectoral cooperation is a collaborative effort in which partners from different sectors pool their resources to provide joint solutions for better health promotion; however, the general framework on how to proceed the cooperation is often missing. The Interreg Baltic Sea Region project “Urban Labs for Better Health for All in the Baltic Sea Region” (Healthy Boost) aims to boost the cross-sectoral cooperation for health and wellbeing in cities and associated partners from nine countries in the Baltic Sea Region by developing and testing the Model for the cross-sectoral cooperation.
The Model was developed searching the published scientific literature and considering the results of a self-assessment of cross-sectoral cooperation for health promotion in the Healthy Boost partner cities. Discussions on the Model draft were organized by using face-to-face meetings and e-tools in order to develop the Model for piloting.
Theoretical frameworks of cross-sectoral collaboration, including organization theory, public administration theory, leadership and strategic management theory, were used to select the major components for the Model. The partners' self-assessment results identified the gaps in several strategic and operational domains of cooperation, such as (1) leadership, (2) communication, (3) coordination, (4) motivation, and (5) risk identification. In the first Model draft, the starting point for cross-sectoral cooperation was the stages (mapping, planning, implementation, assessment) of cooperation; however, municipalities preferred to focus on domains which were developed under the stages of cooperation process in the final Model. Both evidence-based knowledge and participation of municipalities are crucial when developing the Model cross-sectoral cooperation. The Model should guide all partners for better cooperation by using a systematic approach.

Key messages
The Model to promote cross sectoral cooperation is being developed for testing in health promotion practice by the cities of the Baltic Sea Region. The developed Model of cross-sectoral cooperation provides relevant guiding questions for the key domains of cooperation that should boost the municipalities for better health promotion.
Patterns of alcohol consumption in university students: a European study
Authors: Ladner J , Brumboiu I , Ciobanu E , Lukács A , Croitoru C , Tavolacci M P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Europe, alcohol consumption (AC), especially binge drinking (BD) and behavioural risk factors among students in higher education remain to be investigated. The aim of the study was to assess the evolution of AC, and BD and the behavioural factors associated in university students in four European universities: Chisinau (Ch) in Republic of Moldova, Cluj-Napoca (Cl) in Romania, Miskolc (Ms) in Hungary and Rouen (Ro) in France.

Methods
In the four countries in 2018, students in higher education completed an anonymous standardized self-questionnaire. The questionnaire collected age, gender (M, W), housing, curricula, smoking, cannabis consumption. Alcohol abuse problems were assessed by ADOSPA test and by AUDIT test.. Frequent BD was determined as a consumption of five or most alcoholic drinks on one occasion at least twice a month. A risk profile of consumers was conducted according to the consumption of alcohol and frequency of BD.

Results
A total of 3076 students were included, 705 in Ch, 582 in Cl, 534 in Ms and 1255 in Ro. Globally, the sex-ratio was quite similar (M:F=0.45), the mean age was 21.2 (SD = 4.1). In Ro, 83.6% of students consumed alcohol at least 1 per week, 86.4% in Ch, 27.6% in Cl, 43.6% in Ms. The prevalence of frequent BD was 15.9% in Ms and 13.8% in Ro, 11.5% in Ch and 12.6% in Cl. Alcohol hazardous drinking and risk of addiction levels were found in 19.3% of students in Ro, 27.6%, in Ms, 7.4% in Cl and 13,6% in Ch. Regarding patterns of consumption significant difference by gender were found. After multivariate analysis, different risk behaviours were found.

Conclusions
BD patterns in students were quite similar in the four countries, especially in male students. BD appears as a frequent, whose consequences remain to be investigated. It might be necessary in the future to screen students for potential ED upon entry to the university and also to inform student about the risk of ED and advise them to consult a healthcare professional.

Key messages
The study showed that alcohol is a central part of students’ lives in France, Hungary, Republic of Moldova and Romania. Specific target populations for public health interventions were identified.
Boosting urban health and well-being through cross-sectoral cooperation
Authors: Liinamo A , Matinheikki-Kokko K , Gobina I , Villeruša A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the future, health promotion would require developed strategies that lead to stronger cross-sectoral cooperation. Cross-sectoral cooperation enables the integration of fragmented resources and competencies, which benefit service solutions for urban health. Healthy Boost “Urban Labs for Better Health for All in the Baltic Sea Region”, funded by the EU Interreg Baltic Sea Region -program, aims to develop the Model for cross-sectoral cooperation, which will be tested in the cities of the Baltic Sea Region during 2020-21. The self-assessment tool for cross-sectoral cooperation was developed, and the self-assessment among the nine cities in seven countries from the Baltic Sea Region was conducted in 2019.
The results indicated to what extent the staff (n = 329) in the cities have recognized the cross-sectoral cooperation for health and wellbeing as strategically crucial in their policies, communication, and in the design of their organizational functions. The daily practices were evaluated in terms of how systematically cities have implemented cross-sector actions for health and wellbeing.
The biggest challenges for cooperating across sectors for the cities were coordination and systematic identification of the community needs for health promotion. The cooperative actions were less systematic than expected in the strategic approach. The variation among respondents' assessments was high within the cities that lead to a conclusion about existing gaps in coordination, communication, and leadership of cross-sectoral work within the cities. The Likert type self-assessment measurement was statistically reliable in both strategic and operational dimensions of cooperation.

Key messages
Evaluation and measurements are needed to identify cross-sectoral actions to health and well-being. The evidence-based Model developed in the Healthy Boost project will guide partners towards systematic cross-sectoral cooperation processes.