bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic inequality in non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐associated harm in New Zealand: A national population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tomlin Andrew , Woods David John , Lambie Angela , Eskildsen Lisa , Ng Jerome , Tilyard Murray 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with many serious complications and they are widely used in New Zealand (NZ). However, differences in NSAID‐associated risk for these complications between ethnic groups are largely unknown. We assessed ethnic disparities in risk of hospital admission for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), heart failure, and acute kidney failure (AKF) in NZ's primary care population prescribed and dispensed NSAIDs.MethodsRetrospective cohort study utilising national pharmaceutical dispensing and hospital admissions data 2007 to 2015. Patient follow‐up included 90‐day periods following the dispensing of NSAIDs. Risk for each adverse outcome in Maori, Pacific, European, and Asian patients was estimated using multivariable Poisson regression adjusting for age, sex, deprivation, comorbidity and concurrent drug use.Results3 023 067 patients were dispensed NSAIDs between 2008 and 2015. Their total intended duration of NSAID treatment encompassed 2 353 140 patient‐years. Maori, Pacific and Asian patients were younger than European patients (all P < .001). After adjusting for other risk factors, Maori (rate ratio: 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 2.23‐2.90) and Pacific patients (3.17, 2.69‐3.74) were more likely to be hospitalised for UGIB than Europeans (reference), and heart failure (Maori: 2.48, 2.24‐2.74; Pacific: 1.97, 1.69‐2.30). Risk of AKF was higher in Maori (1.46, 1.23‐1.74). Higher risk for UGIB and HF in Maori and Pacific patients was most pronounced in males and patients aged <60 years.ConclusionsInequalities exist in the incidence of serious adverse outcomes experienced by different ethnic groups in NZ while using NSAIDs. Interventions to promote safer use of these medicines are required to reduce this inequity.
Oral reading fluency as a screening tool with English learners: A systematic review
Authors: Newell Kirsten W. , Codding Robin S. , Fortune Tara W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudents learning to read in more than one language are a growing population in schools. Early screening and identification of reading difficulties may lead to better outcomes for all students. Oral reading fluency (ORF) is one tool shown to be both a reliable measure of reading and an accurate method to identify students at risk for poor reading outcomes. This study synthesized available validity evidence for ORF with biliterates. All included studies (n = 31) were conducted with English language learners in grades K–8. Results suggested that although ORF is correlated with reading outcomes, the accuracy of ORF to identify English learners at risk of poor reading outcomes does not meet criteria. The strength of validity evidence differed by language proficiency of participants. Finally, the quality of the reviewed studies was low in critical areas.
Nasal mask vs binasal prongs for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Razak Abdul , Patel Waseemoddin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) given with nasal masks (NM) compared with binasal prongs (BNP) on the incidence of intubation within 72 hours in preterm infants (primary outcome) via meta‐analysis of clinical studies.Data SourcesWe searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs in Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception through 4 December 2019.Data Extraction/SynthesisTwo independent co‐authors extracting data performed the meta‐analysis using a fixed‐effect model to yield pooled relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for each outcome. We used Cochrane GRADE to evaluate the evidence quality.ResultsEleven RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis showed NCPAP provided via NM significantly reduced the rate of intubation within 72 hours (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58‐0.90; nine studies; GRADE‐moderate) and nasal trauma (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.74; GRADE‐low) compared with NCPAP provided via BNP. Also, NCPAP via NM significantly reduced surfactant treatment (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.97; GRADE‐very low) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23‐0.95; GRADE‐low) compared with BNP in a setting where NCPAP was used as the primary support in respiratory distress syndrome. No statistically significant differences were noted between groups in secondary outcomes except increased NCPAP duration when NCPAP given with NM compared with BNP (mean difference [days], 1.78; 95% CI, 1.67‐1.89; GRADE‐low).ConclusionAmong premature infants, NCPAP provided with NM is more effective in preventing intubation and mechanical ventilation within 72 hours of initiating the support compared with NCPAP provided with BNP.
Pathophysiological effects of intravenous phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor in addition to surfactant lavage in meconium‐injured newborn piglet lungs
Authors: Chen Wei‐Yu , Lin Chih‐Hsueh , Lee Yu‐Sheng , Tsao Pei‐Chen , Jeng Mei‐Jy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, such as selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have potential anti‐inflammatory and respiratory smooth muscle relaxation effects. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological effects of an intravenous PDE4 inhibitor (rolipram) and surfactant lavage (SL) in a newborn piglet model of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).MethodsMAS was induced in 25 newborn piglets, which were randomly divided into control and four SL treatment groups administered with different doses of intravenous rolipram (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg). Cardiopulmonary variables were monitored and recorded. The experimental time was 4 hours. Serial blood was drawn for blood gas and biomarker analyses. Lung tissue was examined for histological analysis.ResultsAll SL‐treated groups revealed improved oxygenation during the 4‐hour experiments and had significantly lower peak inspiratory pressure levels than the control group at the end of experiments. All SL plus rolipram‐treated groups exhibited significantly higher lung compliance than the control group. However, the animals receiving high‐dose (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) rolipram demonstrated significantly elevated heart rates. Lung histology of the nondependent sites revealed significantly lower lung injury scores in all SL‐treated groups compared with that in the control group, but there were no differences among the rolipram‐treated groups.ConclusionsIn addition to SL, intravenous PDE4 inhibitors may further improve lung compliance in treating MAS; however, it is necessary to consider cardiovascular adverse effects, primarily tachycardia. Further investigations are required before the clinical application of intravenous PDE4 inhibitor as an anti‐inflammatory agent to treat severe MAS.
The course of asthma: A population‐based 10‐year study examining asthma remission in children diagnosed with asthma in preschool
Authors: Oluwole Oluwafemi , Rennie Donna C. , Goodridge Donna , Blackburn David , Litzenberger Trent , Penz Erika , Lawson Joshua A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe natural course of asthma may differ depending on the age of onset.ObjectiveTo investigate predictors of asthma remission with a focus on the age of asthma onset.MethodsThe study was a retrospective birth cohort of children with asthma in Saskatchewan, Canada. Using the Saskatchewan Ministry of Health databases, we identified children with a diagnosis of asthma in the first 6 years of life and who had at least 10 years of follow‐up after diagnosis (n = 22 563). Of these, we included 6393 children either with persistent asthma (≥1 physician visit or hospitalization for asthma [PVHA] during each year of follow‐up) and those who had remission (had PVHA in the first year after diagnosis but at some point during the follow‐up no longer received PVHA until end of the study). We used survival analysis to examine associations between remission and age of asthma onset.ResultsOf the study participants, 87.2% had early‐onset (≤3 years) and 12.8% had late‐onset (4‐6 years) asthma. Over the 10‐years of follow‐up, the rate of asthma remission was 37 per 100 person‐years. Early‐onset asthma (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10; 95%confidence interval [CI]: 1.01‐1.20), being female (HR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.07‐1.18), living in a rural (HR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.14‐1.27) and medium urban (HR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.08‐1.26) location were positively associated with remission while history of atopy decreased likelihood of remission (HR = 0.73; 95%CI: 0.54‐0.97).ConclusionMost children with asthma experienced remission, especially those with the onset of symptoms within the first 3 years of life.
Evaluating the combined effect of a systemic phenylpyrrole fungicide and the plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria Paraburkholderia phytofirmans (strain PsJN::gfp2x) against the grapevine trunk pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum
Authors: Wu Hanxiang , Spagnolo Alessandro , Marivingt‐Mounir Cécile , Clément Christophe , Fontaine Florence , Chollet Jean‐François 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA new chemical control strategy for grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) is to develop site‐targeted fungicides to protect grapevine vascular tissues. Due to the complexity of GTDs, the effectiveness of a single method is limited. Investigation of the interactions between chemical and biological agents is an essential requirement for integrated control strategies. The effect of a phloem‐mobile derivative of the fungicide fenpiclonil (SM 26) in combined use with the plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on the Neofusicoccum parvum strain Bourgogne (NpB) was evaluated.RESULTSSM 26 was found to be translocated to the shoot apices and roots of grapevines through both xylem and phloem after foliage application. In vitro studies demonstrated that SM 26 exhibited no inhibitory effect on the growth of PsJN and could be largely absorbed into the bacterial cells. In vivo evaluation showed that the combined use of SM 26 and PsJN was the most effective following artificial inoculation of NpB on the stems of rooted Chardonnay and Sauvignon cuttings. Finally, the expression of defence‐related genes, including the genes associated with secondary metabolism (ANTS, PAL, STS, Vv17.3), defence proteins (GLUC, PR1, PGIP), redox status (GTS1) and ethylene synthesis (ACC), was found to be strongly upregulated in PsJN + SM 26 cotreated plants compared to non‐treated plants (controls), especially for Chardonnay.CONCLUSIONThe systemic profungicide SM 26 interacts with the biocontrol agent PsJN to stimulate some plant defence responses, and their combined use may present a potential integrated control strategy against GTDs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Classification of human physical activity based on raw accelerometry data via spherical coordinate transformation
Authors: Kos Michał , Bogdan Małgorzata , Glynn Nancy W. , Harezlak Jaroslaw 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHuman health is strongly associated with person's lifestyle and levels of physical activity. Therefore, characterization of daily human activity is an important task. Accelerometers have been used to obtain precise measurements of body acceleration. Wearable accelerometers collect data as a three‐dimensional time series with frequencies up to 100 Hz. Using such accelerometry signal, we are able to classify different types of physical activity. In our work, we present a novel procedure for physical activity classification based on the raw accelerometry signal. Our proposal is based on the spherical representation of the data. We classify four activity types: resting, upper body activities (sitting), upper body activities (standing), and lower body activities. The classifier is constructed using decision trees with extracted features consisting of spherical coordinates summary statistics, moving averages of the radius and the angles, radius variance, and spherical variance. The classification accuracy of our method has been tested on data collected on a sample of 47 elderly individuals who performed a series of activities in laboratory settings. The achieved classification accuracy is over 90% when the subject‐specific data are used and 84% when the group data are used. Main contributor to the classification accuracy is the angular part of the collected signal, especially spherical variance. To the best of our knowledge, spherical variance has never been previously used in the analysis of the raw accelerometry data. Its major advantage over other angular measures is its invariance to the accelerometer location shifts.
Delayed increase of acetylcholine quantal size induced by the activity‐dependent release of endogenous CGRP but not ATP in neuromuscular junctions
Authors: Bogacheva Polina , Balezina Olga 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn mouse motor synapses tetanic neuromuscular activity (30 Hz, 2 min) led to a delayed posttetanic potentiation of amplitude and duration of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs). Microelectrode recordings of MEPPs before and after nerve stimulation showed an increase in MEPP amplitude and time course by 30% and 15%, respectively, without changes in their frequency. Peak effect was detected 20 min after tetanic activity and progressively faded throughout the next 40 min of recording. The revealed potentiation of MEPPs was fully preserved in preparations from pannexin 1 knockout mice. It means, that myogenic ATP released via pannexin 1 channels from contracting muscle fibers is not likely to participate in the described phenomenon. But posttetanic potentiation of MEPPs was fully prevented by competitive antagonist of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptors CGRP8‐37, ryanodine receptors inhibitor ryanodine and by vesicular acetylcholine transporter inhibitor vesamicol. It is suggested that the combination of intensive synaptic and contractile activity in neuromuscular junctions is required to induce Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis of endogenous CGRP. The accumulation of CGRP in the synaptic cleft and its presynaptic activity may induce posttetanic potentiation of MEPP amplitude due to CGRP‐stimulated acetylcholine loading into vesicles and subsequent increase of quantal size.
Length-change patterns of the medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament in relation to their function and surgery
Authors: Willinger Lukas , Shinohara Shun , Athwal Kiron K. , Ball Simon , Williams Andy , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To define the length-change patterns of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), deep MCL (dMCL), and posterior oblique ligament (POL) across knee flexion and with applied anterior and rotational loads, and to relate these findings to their functions in knee stability and to surgical repair or reconstruction.

Methods
Ten cadaveric knees were mounted in a kinematics rig with loaded quadriceps, ITB, and hamstrings. Length changes of the anterior and posterior fibres of the sMCL, dMCL, and POL were recorded from 0° to 100° flexion by use of a linear displacement transducer and normalised to lengths at 0° flexion. Measurements were repeated with no external load, 90 N anterior draw force, and 5 Nm internal and 5 Nm external rotation torque applied.

Results
The anterior sMCL lengthened with flexion (p < 0.01) and further lengthened by external rotation (p < 0.001). The posterior sMCL slackened with flexion (p < 0.001), but was lengthened by internal rotation (p < 0.05). External rotation lengthened the anterior dMCL fibres by 10% throughout flexion (p < 0.001). sMCL release allowed the dMCL to become taut with valgus rotation (p < 0.001). The anterior and posterior POL fibres slackened with flexion (p < 0.001), but were elongated by internal rotation (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The structures of the medial ligament complex react differently to knee flexion and applied loads. Structures attaching posterior to the medial epicondyle are taut in extension, whereas the anterior sMCL, attaching anterior to the epicondyle, is tensioned during flexion. The anterior dMCL is elongated by external rotation. These data offer the basis for MCL repair and reconstruction techniques regarding graft positioning and tensioning.
Additive manufacturing of bimetallic structures
Authors: Bai Shuang , Liu Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetals of 12Cr2Si and 9Cr1Mo are investigated with femtosecond fiber laser additive manufacturing. A smooth phase transition is found at the interface of the two gradated composition metals, indicating a strong bonding. In contrast, the comparison group of SS316L and SA508 shows an abrupt transition.
Optimizing Routine and Disaster Prehospital Care Through Improved Emergency Medical Services Oversight
Authors: Abir Mahshid , Forman Jane , Taymour Rekar K. , Brent Christina , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Scott Jaqueline , Wahl Kathy 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:To identify modifiers of emergency medical services (EMS) oversight quality, including facilitators and barriers, and inform best practices and policy related to EMS oversight and system performance.Methods:We used a qualitative design, including 4 focus groups and 10 in-depth, 1-on-1 interviews. Primary data were collected from EMS stakeholders in Michigan from June to July 2016. Qualitative data were analyzed using the rapid assessment technique.Results:Emergent themes included organizational structure, oversight and stakeholder leadership, interorganizational communication and relationships, competition or collaboration among MCA stakeholders, quality improvement practices, resources, and needs specific to rural communities.Conclusions:EMS is a critical component of disaster response. This study revealed salient themes and modifiers, including facilitators and barriers, of EMS oversight quality. These findings were evaluated in the context of current evidence and informed state policy to improve the quality of EMS oversight and prehospital care for both routine and disaster settings. Some were particular to geographic regions and communities, whereas others were generalizable.
Global WEIRDing: transitions in wild plant knowledge and treatment preferences in Congo hunter–gatherers
Authors: Salali Gul Deniz , Dyble Mark , Chaudhary Nikhil , Sikka Gaurav , Derkx Inez , Keestra Sarai M. , Smith Daniel , Thompson James , Vinicius Lucio , Migliano Andrea Bamberg 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Glucose control upon waking is unaffected by hourly sleep fragmentation during the night, but is impaired by morning caffeinated coffee
Authors: Smith Harry A. , Hengist Aaron , Thomas Joel , Walhin Jean-Philippe , Heath Philippa , Perkin Oliver , Chen Yung-Chih , Gonzalez Javier T. , Betts James A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMorning coffee is a common remedy following disrupted sleep, yet each factor can independently impair glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults. Remarkably, the combined effects of sleep fragmentation and coffee on glucose control upon waking per se have never been investigated. In a randomised crossover design, twenty-nine adults (mean age: 21 (sd 1) years, BMI: 24·4 (sd 3·3) kg/m2) underwent three oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). One following a habitual night of sleep (Control; in bed, lights-off trying to sleep approximately 23.00–07.00 hours), the others following a night of sleep fragmentation (as Control but waking hourly for 5 min), with and without morning coffee approximately 1 h after waking (approximately 300 mg caffeine as black coffee 30 min prior to OGTT). Individualised peak plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were unaffected by sleep quality but were higher following coffee consumption (mean (normalised CI) for Control, Fragmented and Fragmented + Coffee, respectively; glucose: 8·20 (normalised CI 7·93, 8·47) mmol/l v. 8·23 (normalised CI 7·96, 8·50) mmol/l v. 8·96 (normalised CI 8·70, 9·22) mmol/l; insulin: 265 (normalised CI 247, 283) pmol/l; and 235 (normalised CI 218, 253) pmol/l; and 310 (normalised CI 284, 337) pmol/l). Likewise, incremental AUC for plasma glucose was higher in the Fragmented + Coffee trial compared with Fragmented. Whilst sleep fragmentation did not alter glycaemic or insulinaemic responses to morning glucose ingestion, if a strong caffeinated coffee is consumed, then a reduction in glucose tolerance can be expected.
Are legume-based recipes an appropriate source of nutrients for healthy ageing? A prospective cohort study
Authors: Caballero Francisco Félix , Ballesteros Juan Manuel , García-Esquinas Esther , Struijk Ellen A. , Ortolá Rosario , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Lopez-Garcia Esther 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough legumes are rich in protein and fibre, and low in saturated fat and Na, traditional legume-based recipes include substantial amounts of processed meat, salt and potatoes, which could counteract the potential benefits of legumes. This prospective study aimed to assess the longitudinal association of consumption of different types of legumes, and traditional legume-based recipes, with unhealthy ageing in older adults. Data were taken from 2505 individuals aged ≥60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. Habitual legume consumption was assessed in 2008–2010 with a validated diet history. Unhealthy ageing was measured in the 2013, 2015 and 2017 follow-up waves, with a fifty-two-item multidimensional health deficit accumulation index (DAI) which ranges from 0 (best) to 100 (worst health). The mean age was 68·7 years, with 53·1 % of women. Among study participants, 78·4 % reported consumption of legumes, with a mean intake of 57·9 g/d. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models did not show an association between total legume consumption and the DAI over a 7-year follow-up (non-standardised coefficient for the second and highestv. the lowest tertile of consumption: 0·94 (95 % CI −0·30, 2·17) and 0·18 (95 % CI −1·07, 1·43), respectively;Ptrend= 0·35). Similar results were observed for the 3-year and 5-year follow-ups and, separately, for lentils, beans, chickpeas and traditional legume-based recipes. According to the results obtained, consumption of legumes and traditional legume-based recipes is not associated with unhealthy ageing and can be part of a healthy diet in old age.
Possessing Christianity in Northeast India: Kelkang, 1937
Authors: JACKSON KYLE 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 1937, a spirit moved in the mountains of Northeast India. It presented local villagers with a visceral anticolonial vision, laicized religious practices, and offered alternative definitions of expertise and literacy that sidelined colonial and missionary authorities. Its message pulled together a complex range of clans, pilgrims, and roadworkers, and reconciled them according to contemporary local logics. This article uses the ‘Kelkang incident’ of the Lushai Hills District (today: Mizoram) to reverse the polarity of conventional writings on prophetic rebellion in two ways. First, it asks not how the colonial state dealt with a prophetic rebellion, but how a prophetic rebellion dealt with the state. Second, it asks not what the moving spirit of Kelkang symbolized, but what it did and how people interacted with it. Placing upland spirits, humans, terminology, and concepts at the centre of the analysis, the article argues that a more open-minded approach to the history of religion can better reveal processes of mediumship and rapidly indigenizing Christianities as well as the much broader malleability of concepts like ‘conversion’, ‘revival’, and ‘Christianity’.