bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in Outcome Reporting in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dorismond Christina , Santarelli Griffin D. , Thorp Brian D. , Kimple Adam J. , Ebert Charles S. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective Presently, there are no standards for reporting outcomes of endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction (ESBR). This is problematic as a lack of consistent reporting makes synthesizing findings in systematic reviews and meta-analysis challenging. Thus, the aim of this study was to systematically review and describe the patterns of reporting outcomes in ESBR as a foundation for developing reporting guidelines.
Study Design Present study is a systematic review.
Methods Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for all publications with ≥25 patients and a focus on ESBR. The reporting patterns of each study's variables and outcomes were assessed.
Results A total of 112 studies were included in the review. The most commonly reported demographic variables were the number of included patients (n = 112, 100%) and types of pathologies treated (n = 104, 92.9%). Meanwhile, the most routinely described preoperative variable was history of prior treatment (n = 48, 42.9%). Type of reconstruction was a commonly reported intraoperative variable (n = 110, 98.2%), though the rate of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was noted in only 76 studies (67.9%). With regard to postoperative outcomes, postoperative CSF leak rate was routinely provided (n = 101, 90.2%), but reporting of other surgical complications was more inconsistent. Ultimately, of the 43 variables and outcomes reviewed, a median of 12 (range: 4–22) was reported in each study.
Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in the outcomes reported in studies relating to ESBR. This highlights the need for the development of standard reporting guidelines to minimize bias and improve interstudy comparability.
Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches in a Multidisciplinary Setting
Authors: Matteson Eric L. , Fabry David A. , Strome Scott E. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Beatty Charles W. , McDonald Thomas J. 
Published: August 2020

Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED) is a clinical syndrome of uncertain pathogenesis. It is associated with bilateral rapidly progressive hearing loss. The hearing loss may be associated with vestibular symptoms. Autoimmunity has been proposed as the pathogenesis of this sort of hearing loss, although the mechanism of the disease is poorly understood. It is well accepted that the endolymphatic sac is an immunocompetent organ and circulating autoantibodies against inner ear antigens have been reported, as have viral antigens in the endolymph, although the sensitivity, specificity, and roles of those antibodies in a disease process are poorly defined.We will describe the clinical aspects of the disease, the histopathology, the immunologic indicators, the types of presentation, both from the audiologic and vestibular point of view, clinical trials for treatment and the follow-up. One of our conclusions is that many of these patients respond favorably to the treatment Methotrexate.
Prospects for the teaching of translation majors in the new era
Authors: Guo Yanlin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Since entering the new era, the translation model has gradually changed with the widespread application of machine
translation technology and the rapid development of a translation industry. The mismatch between the demand of employers and the talents
trained by universities has become a major problem facing the translation major nowadays. To this end, we should attach more importance to
the readjustment of the existent curriculum; students’ practical ability in translation; grasp of the skill of detecting and correcting
machine translation errors; combination of translation and relevant professional knowledge.
Grammatical nominalization in Yoron Ryukyuan
Authors: Seraku Tohru , Tohyama Nana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite extensive research on Ryukyuan languages, relatively few attempts have been made to describe Ryukyuan nominalization. This paper sets out the agenda for exploring Ryukyuan nominalization with special reference to Yoron Ryukyuan, which, we propose, has four nominalizers: -si, hutu, munu, and Ø (zero). We divide nominalization into GB (Gap-Based) and GL (Gap-Less) nominalization. Firstly, -siis the most productive; it realizes GB/GL nominalization and derives clefts, relatives, and stance constructions. Secondly,hutuis less productive; its use in GB nominalization is restricted, and it derives only stance constructions. Thirdly,munuis viewed as a formal noun in that it encodes the general meaning ‘person, thing’ and usually requires a modifying element. Finally, Ø is the least productive, found only in fixed constructions. Based on these observations, we propose a non-discrete view of nominalizer and formal noun and a cline of their productivity.
Carrot physiological disorders and crop adaptation to stress.
Authors: Villeneuve François , Geoffriau Emmanuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Several disorders mainly of abiotic origin can occur on carrots, causing problems of varying degrees for producers. They are often responses to lack or excess of essential crop nutrients, light, moisture or temperature. Other factors may be poor soil structure, poor aeration, soil compaction, high soil salinity, air pollution or from chemical pesticides. Symptoms of these abiotic factors often are difficult to diagnose. Additional identification may be needed because some disorders mimic symptoms caused by viruses or other pathogens. This chapter describes carrot physiological disorders related to (i) root morphology and appearance, and (ii) plant development. Mechanisms of carrot adaptation to stress and various effects of main stresses (such as water stress, salinity, heavy metals and mechanical stress) are discussed.
Preliminary study of the antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel from different acquisition as material gel peel-off mask
Authors: Priyanti  , Partuti Tri , Amalina Nusaibah Nur , Rahmiaty Desy , Yanti Wulandari Fera , Nadyana HutssyElya , Daniya Alika Arum , Annisa Nurul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is the fifth largest producer of mangosteen in the world. West Sumatra is the second largest mangosteen center in Indonesia after West Java. Natural antioxidants can be obtained from mangosteen peel. In this research we used mangosteen from West Sumatera (Padang) and West Java (Muncul, Aeon, Tanah Tinggi, and Sayur Box). The dried mangosteen peel extracted using alcohol. The extraction process using sonication method with a variation of time 30, 45 and 60 minutes, respectively, then evaporated until get the condensed extract. Antioxidant test result from the condensed extract shows that the value of IC50 for mangosteen from all area was 3.76-20.53 ppm. The longer sonication time from AEON has the highest IC50 value (20.27 ppm) than others (3.76-8.11 ppm). From identification using UVvis test, it shows that mangosteen peel contains of flavonoid, tanin, and saponin compound. The mangosteen peel extract from different regions has varying antioxidant activity.
The Practicality of Blended Learning Assessment Model to Accomodate Instructional Domains: 3-Stage Trial
Authors: Rahmi U , Syafril S , Azman A , Azrul A , Zuliarni Z 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the practicality of the blended learning assessment instrument model that had been declared valid in previous studies. The model has been valid to accommodate three instructional domains. This study uses the ADDIE model. In the practical testing phase carried out in three stages, namely one to one test (3 users), small group test (6 users), and field group tests (30 users). The results of the first and second stage trials found that this model was practically applied to the user, but in the field group test, the results were quite valid. Based on further studies, it was found that the students were constrained to continue assessing the LMS because flash players were not updated. Students need to update in advance to be able to continue the assessment activities. The implication is that all learning components must be prepared before the application of blended learning.
Students’ Perspectives on the Design and Implementation of a Blended Learning in Practicum
Authors: Yuliyanto Eko , Hidayah Fitria Fatichatul , Istyastono Enade Perdana , Wijoyo Yosef 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the implementation of blended learning (BL), which was designed in a group of pre-service chemistry teachers at higher education institutions. Blended learning was implemented by holding face-to-face lectures combined with online lectures using the Schoology Learning Management System (LMS). Meanwhile, the research employed a qualitative approach. The purpose of this study was to discover learning experiences and perceptions of students who have applied BL in practical learning. The results showed that students found new experiences during blended learning. Based on experience, students felt independence, flexibility, and ease in working on problems. Furthermore, students’ perceptions showed a comfortable feeling because learning process was flexible, structured, active, and up-to-date. Given the advantages of BL, pre-service chemistry teachers expressed their interest in applying BL to the learning process when they have become teachers. However, there were some shortcomings of BL, namely slow internet connection and Schoology LMS that often logged the students out on its own during test. However, students liked the flexibility of classes conducted by video call via WhatsApp application. In further research, it is necessary to redesign the learning process, so that the communication between lecturers and students will be balanced during face-to-face learning and online learning and the learning process will be more effective.
Particle Board Made From Areca Fiber With Tapioca Adhesive
Authors: Nurdin Hendri , Hasanuddin  , Waskito  , Kurniawan Andre 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The development of engineering materials, has increased its use in various fields. Engineering material which is a combination of various materials that can be made into a product, namely particle board. Areca nut has the potential to be engineered material. Development of various technological processes in the use of areca fiber waste into particles Development of particle board made from areca fiber as an interior material that has the ability and light weight as a substitute for wood. In making this particle board, areca fiber is made of particles and combined with tapioca adhesive. Optimizing the concentration of a mixture of particles and adhesives used to obtain the characteristics of newly developed materials. The results of particle board testing made from areca fiber with tapioca adhesive are valued for characteristics that meet JIS A 5908-2003 and SNI 03-2105-2006 quality standards. So that the areca fiber reinforced particle board can be used as raw material for furniture making as needed as a substitute for wood.
Effects of Fuel Type on Performance in Gasoline Engine with Electronic Fuel Injection System
Authors: Arif Ahmad , Rifdarmon  , Milana  , Martias  , Hidayat Nuzul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection systems are recommended to use Pertalite type unleaded gasoline to produce a perfect combustion process so as to improve engine performance. However, the majority of vehicle owners prefer to use Premium type fuel and sometimes also mix it with other fuels, resulting in decreased engine performance. This is due to the low price of Premium and consumers do not understand the effect on engine performance. This research was conducted on a Toyota Avanza K3-VE 1,298 cc with an experimental method that aims to determine the performance of a gasoline engine with an electronic fuel injection system using several types of fuel. To find out the optimal engine performance, the test is carried out at maximum engine speed using a dynamometer bench. The results showed that the right fuel used in gasoline engines with electronic fuel injection systems is Pertamax type because it has optimal engine performance, which produces an maximum torque of 176.23 Nm and an maximum power of 105.83 Kw.
The Effect of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model with PQ4R strategy towards the mathematical reasoning based on metacognitive awareness
Authors: Primadani Aisyah Ilmi , Mardiyana  , Triyanto  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purposes of this study are to describe (1) the effect of TGT learning model with PQ4R strategy towards mathematical reasoning, (2) the effect of metacognitive awareness towards mathematical reasoning, (3) the interaction between the learning model and metacognitive awareness towards mathematical reasoning. The research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. The population is the eighth-grade students in Sragen Regency. The sampling technique is cluster random sampling. The data collection techniques are test and questionnaire. The data analysis technique is two ways analysis of variance unequal cell. The research results are (1) The TGT learning model with the PQ4R strategy has a better learning than direct learning towards mathematical reasoning. (2) Students with high metacognitive awareness have a better than students with low metacognitive awareness towards mathematical reasoning. (3) There is no interaction between learning model and metacognitive awareness towards mathematical reasoning. In each learning model, students with high metacognitive awareness is better than students with low metacognitive awareness. In each level of metacognitive awareness, TGT learning model with PQ4R strategy is better than direct learning.
Association of frailty with mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19: a cohort study
Authors: Aw Darren , Woodrow Lauren , Ogliari Giulia , Harwood Rowan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has disproportionately affected older people.

Objective
The objective of this paper to investigate whether frailty is associated with all-cause mortality in older hospital inpatients, with COVID-19.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Secondary care acute hospital.

Participants
Participants included are 677 consecutive inpatients aged 65 years and over.

Methods
Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association of frailty with mortality. Frailty was assessed at baseline, according to the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), where higher categories indicate worse frailty. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, previous admissions and acute illness severity.

Results
Six hundred and sixty-four patients were classified according to CFS. Two hundred and seventy-one died, during a mean follow-up of 34.3 days. Worse frailty at baseline was associated with increased mortality risk, even after full adjustment (P = 0.004). Patients with CFS 4 and CFS 5 had non-significant increased mortality risks, compared to those with CFS 1–3. Patients with CFS 6 had a 2.13-fold (95% CI 1.34–3.38) and those with CFS 7–9 had a 1.79-fold (95% CI 1.12–2.88) increased mortality risk, compared to those with CFS 1–3 (P = 0.001 and 0.016, respectively). Older age, male sex and acute illness severity were also associated with increased mortality risk.

Conclusions
Frailty is associated with all-cause mortality risk in older inpatients with COVID-19.
RabbitQC: high-speed scalable quality control for sequencing data
Authors: Yin Zekun , Zhang Hao , Liu Meiyang , Zhang Wen , Song Honglei , Lan Haidong , Wei Yanjie , Niu Beifang , Schmidt Bertil , Liu Weiguo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Modern sequencing technologies continue to revolutionize many areas of biology and medicine. Since the generated datasets are error-prone, downstream applications usually require quality control methods to pre-process FASTQ files. However, existing tools for this task are currently not able to fully exploit the capabilities of computing platforms leading to slow runtimes.

Results
We present RabbitQC, an extremely fast integrated quality control tool for FASTQ files, which can take full advantage of modern hardware. It includes a variety of operations and supports different sequencing technologies (Illumina, Oxford Nanopore and PacBio). RabbitQC achieves speedups between one and two orders-of-magnitude compared to other state-of-the-art tools.

Availability and implementation
C++ sources and binaries are available at https://github.com/ZekunYin/RabbitQC.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The case for a unified monetary theory of interest: Keynes and Schumpeter
Authors: Callegari B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Keynes and Schumpeter developed two separate monetary theories of interest, the first arguing for the central role of liquidity and the second underlining the consequences of economic development, both agreeing on the fundamental monetary nature of the phenomenon. It is possible, however, to advance an essentialist interpretation of the two theories, making them consistent and allowing for the development of a unified monetary theory of interest to serve as a stepping stone toward further integration between current post-Keynesian and neo-Schumpeterian debates. Such interpretation relies on the acknowledgement of two shared assumptions: conscious uncertainty, navigated through conventional expectations, and the monetary nature of a decentralised economy. From this perspective, liquidity and the process of economic development follow from the idiosyncratic relationship between money and economic processes characterising capitalism—the common root of all monetary theories of interest.
Arms Races and Conflict: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Abbink Klaus , Dong Lu , Huang Lingbo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study escalation and aggression in an experimental first-strike game in which two participants play multiple rounds of a money-earning task. In each round, both players can spend money to accumulate weapons. The player with more weapons can spend money to strike against the other player, which almost totally eliminates the victim's earnings potential and removes their capacity to strike. Weapons can serve as a means of deterrence. In four treatments, we find that deterrence is strengthened if weapon stocking cannot be observed, that a balance of power is effective in maintaining peace, and that mutually beneficial trade decreases the risk of confrontation, but not necessarily the likelihood of costly arms races.
Religion and Mental Health in Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Nguyen Ann W 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReligion has been an important source of resiliency for many racial and ethnic minority populations. Given the salience, sociohistorical context, and importance of religion in the lives of black and Latino Americans, this literature review focuses on the mental health and well-being outcomes of religion among black and Latino Americans across the adult life course and specifically in later life. This review provides an overview of religious participation and religiosity levels and an in-depth discussion of extant research on the relationship between the multiple dimensions of religiosity and mental health in these 2 populations. Racial differences between blacks, Latinos, and non-Latino whites are also examined. Suggestions for limitations of the current literature and future directions for research on religion and mental health in racial/ethnic minority populations, especially older minorities, are proposed.
Regular Use of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Causes Thinning of the Superficial Lining and Apical Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Target Cells in the Human Ectocervix
Authors: Edfeldt Gabriella , Lajoie Julie , Röhl Maria , Oyugi Julius , Åhlberg Alexandra , Khalilzadeh-Binicy Behnaz , Bradley Frideborg , Mack Matthias , Kimani Joshua , Omollo Kenneth , Wählby Carolina , Fowke Keith R , Broliden Kristina , Tjernlund Annelie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The hormonal contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) may be associated with an increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We hypothesize that DMPA use influences the ectocervical tissue architecture and HIV target cell localization.

Methods
Quantitative image analysis workflows were developed to assess ectocervical tissue samples collected from DMPA users and control subjects not using hormonal contraception.

Results
Compared to controls, the DMPA group exhibited a significantly thinner apical ectocervical epithelial layer and a higher proportion of CD4+CCR5+ cells with a more superficial location. This localization corresponded to an area with a nonintact E-cadherin net structure. CD4+Langerin+ cells were also more superficially located in the DMPA group, although fewer in number compared to the controls. Natural plasma progesterone levels did not correlate with any of these parameters, whereas estradiol levels were positively correlated with E-cadherin expression and a more basal location for HIV target cells of the control group.

Conclusions
DMPA users have a less robust epithelial layer and a more apical distribution of HIV target cells in the human ectocervix, which could confer a higher risk of HIV infection. Our results highlight the importance of assessing intact genital tissue samples to gain insights into HIV susceptibility factors.
Glycemic response in nonracing sled dogs fed single starch ingredients and commercial extruded dog foods with different carbohydrate sources
Authors: Rankovic Alexandra , Adolphe Jennifer L , Ramdath D Dan , Shoveller Anna K , Verbrugghe Adronie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study adapted the established glycemic index (GI) methodology used in human research to perform two studies in sled dogs in order to assess the blood glucose-raising potential of pulse-based dog foods. The first was a pilot study (n = 6 dogs) to determine the GI of single starch sources (white bread, cooked white rice, and cooked green lentils) using a glucose solution as control. Next, the effect on glycemic and insulinemic meal responses and GI of commercial extruded dog foods containing different categories of starch sources (traditional grain, whole grain, grain-free, and vegan) were investigated on 11 dogs using a glucose control. Results were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Consumption of 10 g of available carbohydrate (Av CHO) was insufficient to elicit a measurable response in blood glucose for GI determination, and as such, the amount was increased to 25 g for the second study. The GI (±SE) of the single starch sources and dog foods was: white bread: 47 ± 11, cooked white rice: 71 ± 14, cooked green lentils: 60 ± 20 (P = 0.569), traditional grain: 83 ± 17, whole grain: 56 ± 8, grain-free: 41 ± 6, and vegan: 65 ± 15 (P = 0.154). No statistical differences in glycemic response over time were observed between the single starch sources or the extruded diets tested (P = 0.1412; P = 0.2651). The insulinemic response elicited by the extruded diets was also not different (P = 0.079); however, the traditional grain diet did have the slowest time to peak for insulin (P = 0.0078). Among single starch sources and extruded dog foods, there were no differences in the glycemic indices measured in this study. The GI methodology has not been validated for use in canine species, and it is likely that our results were due to higher interindividual variation or inadequate study power. Regardless, this study will serve to better define future studies to investigate the potential physiological benefits of low GI foods for dogs.