bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Ionic Gradient and Lithiophilic Interphase for High‐Rate Li‐Metal Anode
Authors: Lai Yimei , Zhao Yun , Cai Weiping , Song Jun , Jia Yongtang , Ding Bin , Yan Jianhua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLi metal is the optimal choice as an anode due to its high theoretical capacity, but it suffers from severe dendrite growth, especially at high current rates. Here, an ionic gradient and lithiophilic inter‐phase film is developed, which promises to produce a durable and high‐rate Li‐metal anode. The film, containing an ionic‐conductive Li0.33La0.56TiO3 nanofiber (NF) layer on the top and a thin lithiophilic Al2O3 NF layer on the bottom, is fabricated with a sol–gel electrospinning method followed by sintering. During cycling, the top layer forms a spatially homogenous ionic field distribution over the anode, while the bottom layer reduces the driving force of Li‐dendrite formation by decreasing the nucleation barrier, enabling dendrite‐free plating‐stripping behavior over 1000 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2. Remarkably, full cells of Li//LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 exhibit a high capacity of 133.3 mA h g−1 at 5 C over 150 cycles, contributing a step forward for high‐rate Li‐metal anodes.
Chitooligosaccharide Biguanidine Alleviates Liver Injury and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhao Liyan , Zheng Qifang , Zou Yalu , Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Yuntang , Liu Xiaofei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChitooligosaccharide biguanidine (COSG) is a derivative of chitooligosaccharide that has been proven to have antidiabetic activity. In this study, the therapeutic effects of COSG on liver injury and insulin resistance are evaluated, and the possible mechanism is explored. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats are treated with COSG for 8 weeks. COSG treatment significantly increases the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and inhibits the activity of malonic dialdehyde. Histological observation reveals that COSG treatment also alleviates the probability of hepatocyte degeneration or necrosis. Furthermore, COSG treatment significantly activates the insulin receptor substrate‐2/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway and increases the glucose transporter 2/glucokinase expressions, which regulates liver glucose conversion and insulin secretion, COSG treatment also inhibits the glucose‐6‐phosphatase/phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activations, resulting in a reduced level of blood glucose. Accordingly, COSG can protect against liver dysfunction caused by type 2 diabetes.
Cable joint fault detection for the ring main unit based on an adaptive TNPE algorithm
Authors: Tan Lei , Li Peng , Tao Fei , Miao Aimin , Cao Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ring main unit (RMU) is the main equipment of the electrical power distribution network. The deterioration process of the RMU cable joint is multivariable and nonstationary over time. Existing fault detection models for the RMU cable joint are single‐variable and static over time. A novel algorithm of adaptive time neighborhood preserving embedding (ATNPE) is proposed in this paper, a multivariable time series statistical algorithm with online learning ability to improve the robustness and generalization ability of cable joint fault detection. This method combines an approximate linear dependence (ALD) condition with the time neighborhood preserving embedding (TNPE). New independent samples were determined by calculating the ALD value between new samples and modeling samples. In addition, the new independent samples were used to update the TNPE model. The offline training module was used to update RMU fault detection based on the TNPE model by training new samples with historical offline data. The online updating module trained the historical model to ensure the correct rate of online detection. The experimental results indicated that the method has the ability to adapt to new samples and the squared prediction error statistic limit responded to changes in statistical characteristics of monitoring data. The method can effectively reduce the false alarm rate and has the same fault detection rate compared to the existing model.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Application Areas > Business and Industry
Technologies > Machine Learning
Can Integration Be Temporary? The (Dis)Integration of Temporary Migrant Workers in Canada and the UK
Authors: Samuk Şahizer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter deals with the issue of how policies and policy makers account for the integration of migrants whose stay is expected to be temporary. Temporary migration policies target those whose labour is wanted but whose integration is not. According to the international conventions regarding migrant workers, they should have the same access to social and economic rights as native workers. However, rights advocates point to the gaps between rights in theory and their implementation on the ground. This research is based on 53 semi-structured and in-depth interviews with policy-makers, migrant organisations, migrant lawyers, unions and migration research centres, conducted in Canada and the UK. The two countries have both implemented temporary migration programmes for seasonal and low-skilled workers. My analysis shows that, in both countries, temporary migration policies and temporariness hinder the integration of migrant workers. However, the two countries differ in their rhetoric regarding temporary migrant workers: Canadian policy-makers seem to be more self-critical and more inclined to have further solutions to temporariness, whilst UK policy-makers focus on a more functional perspective where temporariness is easily justified. I argue that this difference is at least partly due to the differential immigration histories of the two countries. Canada has a long history of welcoming immigrants, who are now part of the imagined community of nationals, whereas the UK is a post-colonial country where immigration policy has fluctuated in its liberalisation and restriction via temporary routes, visas and its five-tier points-based system.
From Everyday Racist Incidents at Work to Institutional Racism: Migrant and Minority-Ethnic Workers’ Experiences in Older-Age Care
Authors: Sahraoui Nina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThrough a focus on experiences of racism and discrimination at the workplace level, as narrated by respondents themselves, this chapter attempts to shed light on some of the mechanisms that foster disintegration by impacting negatively on migrants’ and racialised minorities’ access and outcomes in the labour market. It explores non-EU migrant and minority-ethnic care workers’ experiences of racism and discrimination, as well as their coping strategies, within older-age care in London, Paris and Madrid. The chapter highlights that, against the background of contemporary manifestations of racism in interpersonal interactions being less overt, victims of racism often feel insecure about their ability to challenge such forms of racism. The chapter further analyses how, in the cases under study, managers tolerated manifestations of racism or sided with the dominant group. The chapter equally examines how managerial practices were, at times, directly discriminatory, ranging from unfair workloads to bullying and stigmatisation. Finally, it explores how workers coped with racism and racist discrimination and why these situations were particularly difficult to challenge legally. These lived experiences are, furthermore, inscribed in structural discriminations produced by the intersection of migration, employment and care regimes. The chapter sets out to relate the level of individual interactions to the workings of institutions in order to inform our understanding of how policies can produce disintegration. It argues that challenging these inequalities, and the resulting configurations of power relationships at the workplace level, requires a political economy analysis of the conditions under which racism and discrimination thrive.
How Inclusive Institutions Enforce Exclusive Immigration Rules: Mainstream Public Service Provision and the Implementation of a Hostile Environment for Irregular Migrants Living in Britain
Authors: Schweitzer Reinhard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmigration control is increasingly being extended from external borders to the interior of the state and society, and irregular residents in particular face policies that directly aim to prevent their settlement, integration and access to services. The British government explicitly presented these as an effort to create a ‘hostile environment’ for this segment of the population. In order to be effective, such policies have to be implemented within the core institutions of the liberal welfare state which, at the same time, fulfil a crucial role for the integration of society as a whole. Based on original interview data from London, this chapter looks at several sites where the exclusionary logic of immigration law intersects with various inclusionary logics underlying public service provision. Organisation theory helps to explain how and why different public institutions (hospitals, universities and local welfare departments) have responded to this by establishing specialised subdivisions that deal specifically with migrant irregularity. This development represents one of many ways in which the politics of (dis)integration can be institutionalised. While it allows welfare institutions to shield their core professional staff from contradictory logics and demands, it further increases the dangerous overlap between their own aim and function and those of the immigration system.
The SEPSES Knowledge Graph: An Integrated Resource for Cybersecurity
Authors: Kiesling Elmar , Ekelhart Andreas , Kurniawan Kabul , Ekaputra Fajar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces an evolving cybersecurity knowledge graph that integrates and links critical information on real-world vulnerabilities, weaknesses and attack patterns from various publicly available sources. Cybersecurity constitutes a particularly interesting domain for the development of a domain-specific public knowledge graph, particularly due to its highly dynamic landscape characterized by time-critical, dispersed, and heterogeneous information. To build and continually maintain a knowledge graph, we provide and describe an integrated set of resources, including vocabularies derived from well-established standards in the cybersecurity domain, an ETL workflow that updates the knowledge graph as new information becomes available, and a set of services that provide integrated access through multiple interfaces. The resulting semantic resource offers comprehensive and integrated up-to-date instance information to security researchers and professionals alike. Furthermore, it can be easily linked to locally available information, as we demonstrate by means of two use cases in the context of vulnerability assessment and intrusion detection.
Policy-Paper: „Ein zukunftsfähiger Gesellschaftsvertrag mit der Landwirtschaft: Plädoyer für eine neue Agrarpolitik“
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses Policy-Paper ist das wichtigste Ergebnis des ZA-NExUS-Projekts, das wissenschaftlich basierte Optionen für die künftige Ausgestaltung der Agrarpolitik aus der Perspektive des Natur- und Umweltschutzes formulieren sollte. Es wurde im Januar 2017 auf einer Pressekonferenz mit der damaligen Bundesministerin Dr. Barbara Hendricks der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Ausgehend vom Konzept eines zukunftsfähigen Gesellschaftsvertrags mit der Landwirtschaft wird eine neue Architektur der Agrarpolitik mit folgenden Kernelementen vorgeschlagen: Prämien für Landschaftsvielfalt und für Basismaßnahmen im Agrarumwelt- und Klimaschutz, regionale Agrarumwelt- und Klimaschutzprogramme, ein Kooperationsprogramm Natur und Landwirtschaft sowie ein effektives Ordnungsrecht. Hinzu kommt ein Innovationsprogramm zur Entwicklung von Mehrwertmärkten für umweltfreundliche Produkte durch Verbraucherkommunikation, praxisorientierte Forschung und Beratung.
SWOT-Analyse der derzeitigen Agrarpolitik aus Sicht des Natur- und Umweltschutzes
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel stellt eine Analyse der Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken der gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik der EU aus Sicht des Natur- und Umweltschutzes vor. Das Ergebnis ist ambivalent: Einerseits bildet die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik einen stabilen institutionellen Rahmen mit guter Finanzausstattung und vielen umweltpolitischen Instrumenten. Andererseits führen die Dominanz agrarpolitischer Akteure, Status-quo-Denken und geringe Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten zur systematischen Schwächung der natur- und umweltpolitischen Ansätze, zu Regelungs- und Vollzugsdefiziten, mangelnder Datenlage sowie geringer Effektivität und Effizienz. Chancen entstehen aus der Etablierung von Tierwohl, Natur-, Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutz als Legitimationsgrundlage für die Agrarzahlungen, aus europarechtlichen Anforderungen an ein hohes Schutzniveau im Binnenmarkt, aus einem erheblichen öffentlichen Mobilisierungspotenzial sowie aus technischen Entwicklungen. Finanzpolitische und internationale Verteilungskämpfe, politische Polarisierung und Radikalisierung sowie nachteilige Veränderungen der Agrarökosysteme, nicht zuletzt durch menschliche Einwirkung, sind wichtige Risiken.
Pneumonectomy for Lung Cancer Treatment in The Netherlands: Between‐Hospital Variation and Outcomes
Authors: Beck Naomi , van Brakel Thomas J. , Smit Hans J. M. , van Klaveren David , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , Schreurs Wilhelmina H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPneumonectomy in lung cancer treatment is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Its use is reserved only for patients in whom a complete oncological resection by (sleeve) lobectomy is not possible. It is unclear whether a patients’ risk of receiving a pneumonectomy is equally distributed. This study examined between‐hospital variation of pneumonectomy use for primary lung cancer in the Netherlands.MethodsData from the Dutch Lung Cancer Audit for Surgery from 2012 to 2016 were used to study the use of pneumonectomy for primary lung cancer in the Netherlands. Using multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with pneumonectomy use were identified and the expected number of pneumonectomies per hospital was determined. Subsequently, the observed/expected ratio (O/E ratio) per hospital was calculated to study between‐hospital differences.ResultsOf the 8446 included patients, 659 (7.8%) underwent a pneumonectomy with a mean postoperative mortality of 7.1% (n = 47). Factors associated with receiving a pneumonectomy were age, gender, cardiac and pulmonary comorbidities, tumor side, size and histopathology. The pneumonectomy use in the Netherlands varied considerably between hospitals (IQR 5.5–10.1%). Three hospitals out of 51 performed significantly less pneumonectomies than expected (O/E ratio < 0.5) and three significantly more (O/E ratio > 1.7). In the latter group, severe complications were more frequent, taking other influencing factors into account (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05–2.19).ConclusionsThere is a considerable between‐hospital variation in pneumonectomy use in lung cancer treatment. To further optimize surgical lung cancer care, we suggest center‐specific feedback on pneumonectomy use and the development of a risk‐adjusted pneumonectomy indicator.
Early Red Flags Associated with Delayed Discharge in Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy: Analysis of Perioperative Variables and ERAS Protocol Items
Authors: Parise Paolo , Cinelli Lorenzo , Ferrari Carlo , Cossu Andrea , Puccetti Francesco , Garutti Leonardo , Elmore Ugo , Rosati Riccardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) perioperative pathways are safe and effective for patients undergoing gastrectomy. However, adherence to these protocols varies and is generally underreported. This retrospective study aimed to assess whether perioperative variables or deviation from ERAS items is associated with delayed discharge after gastrectomy.MethodsAll patients undergoing gastrectomy at our institution were managed with a standardised perioperative pathway according to ERAS principles. The target length of stay was set as the ninth post‐operative day (POD). All significant variables were derived from a bivariate analysis and were entered into a logistic regression to confirm their statistical value.ResultsThe study included 180 patients. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that incomplete immunonutrition, failure to extubate the patient at the end of surgery, intraoperative crystalloids >2150 ml and blood transfusion >268 ml, surgery duration >195 min, and failure to mobilise patients within 24 h from surgery were associated with delayed discharge. The logistic regression model was statistically significant (p < 0.001) and correctly classified 73.6% of cases. Sensitivity and specificity were 74.1% and 73.2%, respectively.ConclusionsThese results seem clinically significant and consistent with those of previous studies. The reported perioperative variables showed a strong relationship with the length of hospital stay.
Waveguide-induced dispersion interaction between two two-level atoms with orthogonal in-transverse-plane dipoles
Authors: Kien Fam Le , Ruks Lewis , Busch Thomas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study the dispersion interaction between two ground-state two-level atoms near a cylindrical vacuum-clad optical waveguide. We focus on the case where the electric-dipole matrix-element vectors of the atoms are perpendicular to each other and to the interatomic axis. When these atoms are in free space, the dispersion interaction between them vanishes. In the presence of a waveguide aligned parallel to the interatomic axis, the energy of the dispersion interaction between the atoms may become nonzero and comparable to the average energy of the dispersion interaction between two atoms with arbitrarily oriented dipoles in free space. This waveguide-induced dispersion interaction is a consequence of the anisotropy of the medium around the atoms.
Sorption of pertechnetate anion by cation modified bentonites
Authors: Buzetzky D. , Kovács E. M. , Nagy M. N. , Kónya J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pertechnetate anion sorption was investigated on modified bentonites. Mn-, Cr-, Sn-bentonites were prepared by ion exchange process to sorb radioactive pertechnetate ions. In the case of Mn-, Cr-bentonite the sorb amount of metal ion was 70–90% of the cation exchange capacity of the bentonite which is expected. Interestingly in the case of Sn-bentonite this amount was 1.42 times higher than the cation exchange capacity. On Mn-bentonite the sorption was 35% at pH 5. The removal of pertechnetate ions was 100% on Cr-, Sn-bentonites and the significant sorption was achieved below 650 mV/SHE.
Transfer Hierarchical Attention Network for Generative Dialog System
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Yang Qiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn generative dialog systems, learning representations for the dialog context is a crucial step in generating high quality responses. The dialog systems are required to capture useful and compact information from mutually dependent sentences such that the generation process can effectively attend to the central semantics. Unfortunately, existing methods may not effectively identify importance distributions for each lower position when computing an upper level feature, which may lead to the loss of information critical to the constitution of the final context representations. To address this issue, we propose a transfer learning based method named transfer hierarchical attention network (THAN). The THAN model can leverage useful prior knowledge from two related auxiliary tasks, i.e., keyword extraction and sentence entailment, to facilitate the dialog representation learning for the main dialog generation task. During the transfer process, the syntactic structure and semantic relationship from the auxiliary tasks are distilled to enhance both the word-level and sentence-level attention mechanisms for the dialog system. Empirically, extensive experiments on the Twitter Dialog Corpus and the PERSONA-CHAT dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed THAN model compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Corrosion Inhibition of Pipeline Carbon Steel (N80) in CO2-Saturated Chloride (0.5 M of KCl) Solution Using Gum Arabic as a Possible Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Shale Gas Industry
Authors: Palumbo Gaetano , Górny Marcin , Banaś Jacek 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe inhibition effect of gum arabic (GA) was investigated using weight loss measurements and electrochemical techniques. The results show that the inhibition efficiency of GA increased with an increase in the concentration of the inhibitor but decreased with the temperature. Immersion time was found to have a profound effect on the corrosion inhibition performance of the inhibitor. Polarization measurements revealed that GA was a mixed-type inhibitor, with higher influence on the anodic reaction. The inhibitor followed the Temkin’s adsorption isotherm, and the values of the standard free adsorption energy indicate a mixed-type adsorption, with the physical adsorption being more dominant. SEM–EDS and FT-IR measurements were also employed to support the findings.
Values in University–Industry Collaborations: The Case of Academics Working at Universities of Technology
Authors: Hillerbrand Rafaela , Werker Claudia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the applied sciences and in engineering there is often a significant overlap between work at universities and in industry. For the individual scholar, this may lead to serious conflicts when working on joint university–industry projects. Differences in goals, such as the university’s aim to disseminate knowledge while industry aims to appropriate knowledge, might lead to complicated situations and conflicts of interest. The detailed cases of two electrical engineers and two architects working at two different universities of technology illustrate the kinds of problems individual scholars face in university–business collaborations. These cases are based on qualitative interviews and additional data and demonstrate that, while value conflicts emerge on the organizational level, it is primarily the individual researcher who must deal with such conflicts. This analysis adds to existing studies in two ways: first, it explicitly addresses normative issues framed in terms of ethical and social values, thereby going beyond the common social-science perspective of university–business collaboration. Secondly, it provides qualitative insights, thereby identifying details and issues not apparent in quantitative studies. In particular, it is evident that university–industry collaborations are prone to value conflicts not only in research but also in education and job training.