bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Health Optimization in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Kadri Aamir , Binkley Neil , Hare Kristyn J. , Anderson Paul A. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Osteoporosis is associated with adverse orthopaedic surgical outcomes. Bone health optimization is a preoperative intervention intended to reduce the likelihood of postoperative complications. We aimed to characterize a patient cohort referred for bone health optimization to test the hypothesis that poor bone quality is common in orthopaedic surgery and that many such patients meet guidelines for osteoporosis treatment.

Methods:
This retrospective study evaluated 124 patients referred for bone health optimization who were ≥50 years of age and candidates for arthroplasty or thoracolumbar surgery. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) risk factors and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results were collected. When available, opportunistic computed tomographic (CT) imaging and the trabecular bone score were evaluated. The World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic and National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) treatment guidelines were applied.

Results:
All patients were referred by their orthopaedic surgeon; their mean age was 69.2 years, 83% of patients were female, 97% were Caucasian, and 56% had sustained a previous fracture. The mean historical height loss (and standard deviation) was 5.3 ± 3.3 cm for women and 6.0 ± 3.6 cm for men. The mean lowest T-score of the hip, spine, or wrist was −2.43 ± 0.90 points in women and −2.04 ± 0.81 points in men (p < 0.08). Osteoporosis (T-score of ≤−2.5 points) was present in 45% of women and 20% of men; only 3% of women and 10% of men had normal bone mineral density. Opportunistic CT scans identified 60% of patients as likely having osteoporosis. The trabecular bone score identified 34% of patients with degraded bone microarchitecture and 30% of patients with partially degraded bone microarchitecture. The NOF threshold for osteoporosis treatment was met in 91% of patients. Treatment was prescribed in 75% of patients (45% anabolic therapy and 30% antiresorptive therapy).

Conclusions:
Osteoporosis, degraded bone microarchitecture, prior fracture, and elevated fracture risk were common. Given the high prevalence of impaired bone health in this cohort, we believe that bone health screening, including FRAX assessment, should be considered in selected patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery as part of the preoperative optimization for all adults who are ≥50 years of age.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Septic Arthritis of the Knee in Children
Authors: Swarup Ishaan , Meza Blake C. , Weltsch Daniel , Jina Asmita A. , Lawrence John T. , Baldwin Keith D. 
Published: January 2020

» Septic arthritis of the knee is the most common type of septic arthritis in children, and it may result in irreversible joint damage.» Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen associated with septic arthritis, but other causative pathogens are possible in children with certain risk factors.» The diagnosis of septic arthritis of the knee is based on history and physical examination, blood tests, and arthrocentesis.» Empiric treatment with anti-staphylococcal penicillin or a first-generation cephalosporin is usually recommended but may be tailored according to local resistance patterns and clinical culture data.» Open or arthroscopic surgical debridement including extensive lavage is effective in eradicating infection, and most patients do not require additional surgical intervention.
Efektivitas Program Bantuan Tunai Bersyarat Mengatasi Kemiskinan dan Kelaparan
Authors: Mursyidah Lailul 
Published: January 2020

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of conditional cash transfer programs in reducing poverty and hunger. This qualitative descriptive research is located in Kabupaten Temanggung, Central Java. Data obtained from interviews, observation and documentation. The selection of informants was done by purposive sampling technique. Informants in this research is the head of social assistance of Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Temanggung as the head of UPPKH Kabupaten Temanggung. Data analysis technique using Miles & Huberman’s interactive model. The results of this research indicate that after 2 years implementation of Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) as conditional cash transfer program in Kabupaten Temanggung, the output has not been achieved. Seen from before and after implementation of PKH, there is no different in nutrition status of infants and toddlers as well as the family welfare. The progress is almost the same, still in a constant state before and after PKH implemented. The condition show that the conditional cash transfer program in Kabupaten Temanggung has not been effective in eradicate poverty and hunger.
Physicochemical Aspects of Microemulsion Flooding
Authors: Healy Robert N. , Reed Ronald L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Whenever water, an oil and a surfactant equilibrate at concentrations of surfactant in excess of critical micelle concentrations, one or more microemulsions form. In view of this, all surfactant flooding processes may involve microemulsions in situ.
Ternary diagrams have been constructed for three specific microemulsion systems showing the effects of salinity and cosurfactant on phase behavior, viscosity, resistivity, optical birefringence and interfacial tension. Using these data, micellar structure maps were prepared for the single phase region. In this connection, Winsor's concept of intermicellar equilibrium was found consistent with microemulsion systems of interest for tertiary oil recovery.
Experimental techniques are described for minimizing extent of the multiphase region and measuring low interfacial tensions that obtain there.

INTRODUCTION

General Considerations
It is sometimes difficult to sort out the multiplicity of terminology concerning various kinds of micellar solutions and the structural states in which they. exist. For example, Schulman introduced the term micro emulsion. Winsor2 objects on the grounds that all emulsions are unstable and a microemulsion must be some kind of an emulsion. Tosch, et al.3 use the phrase "micelle-containing solutions" whereas Shinoda and Kunieda4 prefer "swollen micellar solution." Nevertheless, the term microemulsion is convenient, is in common use, and it is only necessary to understand precisely what is meant by the term.
Sun protection education for adolescents: A feasibility study of a wait-list controlled trial of an intervention involving a presentation, action planning, and SMS messages and using objective measurement of sun exposure
Authors: Hubbard Gill , Cherrie John , Gray Jonathan , Kyle Richard G , Nioi Amanda , Wendelboe-Nelson Charlotte , Cowie Hilary , Dombrowski Stephan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background People increase their risk of melanoma unless they are protected from the harmful effects of sun exposure during childhood and adolescence. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a three-component sun protection intervention- presentation, action planning, and SMS messages - and trial parameters. Methods This feasibility wait-list trial was conducted in the United Kingdom in 2018. Students aged 13-15 years were eligible. Feasibility outcomes were collected for recruitment rates; data availability rates for objective measurements of melanin and erythema using a Mexameter and self-reported sunburn occurrences, severity and body location, tanning, sun protection behaviours and Skin Self-Examination (SSE) collected before (baseline) and after the school summer holidays (follow-up); intervention reach, adherence, perceived impact and acceptability. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics; qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results Five out of eight schools expressing an interest in participating with four allocated to act as intervention and one control. Four parents/carers opted their child out of the study. 487 out of 724 students on the school register consented to the study at baseline (67%). 385 were in intervention group schools. Objective skin measurements were available for 255 (66%) of the intervention group at baseline and 237 (61%) of the group at follow up. Melanin increased; erythema decreased. Complete self-report data were available for 247 (64%) students in the intervention group. The number of students on the school register who attended the presentation and given the booklet was 379 (98%) and gave their mobile phone number was 155 (40%). No intervention component was perceived as more impactful on sun protection behaviours. Adolescents did not see the relevance of sun protection in the UK or for their age group. Conclusions This is the first study to use a Mexameter to measure skin colour in adolescents. Erythema (visible redness) lasts no more than three days and its measurement before and after a six week summer holiday may not yield relevant or meaningful data. A major challenge is that adolescents do not see the relevance of sun protection and SSE.
“It means so much for me, to have a choice.” First person perspectives on medication free treatment in mental health care: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Oedegaard Christine Henriksen , Davidson Larry , Stige Brynjulf , Veseth Marius , Blindheim Anne , Garvik Linda , Sørensen Jan-Magne Tordenhjerte , Søraa Øystein , Engebretsen Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2016, Western Norway Regional Health Authority started to integrate more evidence-based psychosocial interventions into existing mental health care, emphasizing the right for persons with psychosis to choose medication-free treatment. This change emerged from the debate on the use of anti-psychotic medication regarding effectiveness and adverse effects. Aspects beyond symptom reduction, like interpersonal relationships, increased understanding of one’s own pattern of suffering, hope and motivation, are all considered important for the personal recovery process. Methods: This study explores if these aspects were present in the users’ descriptions of their recovery processes within the medication free treatment program in Bergen, Western Norway. We interviewed ten patients diagnosed with psychosis eligible for medication free services about their treatment experiences. Data were analyzed using Attride Sterling’s thematic network approach. Results: Findings show a global theme relating to personal recovery processes facilitated by more psychosocial treatment options, with three organizing sub-themes: Interpersonal relationships between patient and therapist; the patient’s understanding of personal patterns of suffering; personal motivation for self-agency in the recovery process. Informants described an improved relationship with therapists compared to previous experiences. Implementing more evidence-based psychosocial interventions integrated into existing mental health services facilitate learning experiences regarding the choice of treatment, in particular discontinuation of medication, and appears in this study to support increased self-agency and motivation for the informants in their personal recovery process.Conclusion: Health care in Norway is perhaps one step closer to optimizing the care for people with psychosis, allowing more choice and in this improving the dialogue and hence the interpersonal relationship between the patient and the therapist. Personal patterns of suffering are allowed to be explored within a system aiming to support and to have a higher level of acceptance of discontinuation of medication. This develops the need for personal agency in the treatment regimen, with more focus on personal coping strategies, and more personal responsibility for the recovery process.
C/EBP-β and SIRT1 regulate IL-18 expression in the proliferative phase endometrium of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Long Xiaoyu , Wang Honghao , Zhu Xiaohui , Li Rong , Author) Yan Yang(New Corresponding , Author) Jie Qiao(Former Corresponding 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background：Previous studies have shown that patients with polycystic ovary syndrome present with low-grade chronic inflammation. Our previous studies have confirmed that IL-18 is highly expressed in the serum and endometrium of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the mechanism of IL-18 elevation remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the signaling pathways that lead to the up-regulation of IL-18 in endometrium of PCOS patients. We predicted that C/EBP-β might be a transcription factor of IL-18 by using TF-Search tool, and deacetylase SIRT1 might be involved in its regulation. Method：SIRT1 and C/EBP-β in proliferative endometrium of PCOS patients and control group by immunohistochemical method.The expression was localized. The genes and proteins of SIRT1 and C/EBP-β in endometrium of PCOS and control group were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot respectively. The interaction between C/EBP-β and IL-18 was verified by double luciferase assay. Result(s): The gene and protein levels of SIRT1 and C/EBP-β in proliferative endometrium of PCOS patients were significantly higher than those of the control group. Immunohistochemical experiments confirmed that SIRT1 was mainly expressed in endometrial nucleus, while C/EBP-β was mainly expressed in endometrial nucleus and cytoplasm. The interaction between C/EBP-β and IL-18 was confirmed by double luciferase assay. Conclusion: SIRT1 and C/EBP-β are highly expressed in endometrium of PCOS patients, and may play a role in the regulation of IL-18.
Insights on bio-degumming of kenaf bast based on metagenomic and proteomics
Authors: Duan Shengwen , Cheng Lifeng , Feng Xiangyuan , Yang Qi , Liu Zhiyuan , Zheng Ke , Peng Yuande 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Microbes play important roles in kanef-degumming. This study aims at identifying the key candidate microbes and proteins responsible for the degumming of kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus). Kenaf bast was cut into pieces and immersed into microbia fermentation liquid collected from different sites. Fermentation liquid samples were collected at 0, 40, 110 and 150 h and then subjected to the 16S/18S rRNA sequencing analysis and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis. The microbial (bacterial and fungal) diversity and the differentially expressed proteins/peptides (DEPs) were identified.Results: With the prolonged degumming time, the weight loss rate increased, the bacterial diversity was decreased. [Weeksellaceae], Enterobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae were rapidly increased at 0~40 h, and then decreased and were gradually replaced by Bacteroidaceae from 40 h to 150 h. Similarly, Chryseobacterium and Dysgonomonas were gradually increased at 0~110 h and then decreased; Acinetobacter and Lactococcus were increased at 0~40 h, followed by decrease. Bacteroides was the dominant genus at 150 h. Sequencing 18S rRNA-seq showed the gradually decreased Wallemia hederae and increased Codosiga hollandica during degumming. iTRAQ data analysis showed Rds1, and pyruvate kinase I was decreased and increased in the kanef-degumming, respectively. Other DEPs of ferredoxin I, superoxide dismutase and aconitatehydratase were identified to be related to the Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (ko00630).Conclusions: Bacteria including Chryseobacterium, Dysgonomonas, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus and Bacteroidesand fungi like Wallemia hederae and Codosiga hollandica are key candidate microbes for kanef degumming.
Variation in the response of bovine alveolar lavage cells to diverse species of probiotic bacteria.
Authors: Eicher Susan D. , Chitko-McKown Carol , Bryan Keith A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective Probiotics are fed to improve enteric health, and they may also affect respiratory immunity through their exposure to the upper respiratory tract upon ingestion. However, their effect on the respiratory system is not known. Our aim was to determine how probiotics affect functions and markers of bronchoalveolar lung lavage cells (BAL) isolated from lungs of calves at slaughter. Results Treatments consisted of ten probiotic species and one control treatment. Probiotics and BAL were incubated 1:1 for 2 h at 37° C and 5% CO2. The cell surface markers measured included CD14, CD205, and CD18, and E. coli bioparticles were used to measure phagocytosis and oxidative burst. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and were noted for percent cells fluorescing and mean fluorescence intensity for CD14 and CD205. Additionally, oxidative burst was different as measured by both percentage of cells fluorescing and mean fluorescence intensity, and phagocytosis differed among species as measured by mean fluorescence intensity. Overall, probiotic species differed in their ability to suppress or increase leukocyte function showing that probiotic bacteria differentially modulate BAL.
Functional study of early intervention for degenerative retinopathy through hydrogel sustained release system of rhEPO
Authors: Zhang Zhimeng , Dai Hehua , Li Ruyi , Li Yuyu , Li Genlin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common cause of blindness in retinal disease. Long-lasting ocular administration is an effective therapy to delay the progression of RP. And hydrogel sustained release system may be an available and stable drug carrier in the treatment of RP.

Method

Hydrogel sustained release system was constructed as a drug carrier of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). We administered retinal degenerative (rd) mice (Pdeb rd1 / Pdeb rd1 ) via subconjunctival or retrobulbar injection at postnatal 2 weeks (PN-2w), examined the mice and tested the factors of retina at two weeks after injection. Electroretinogram (ERG) was used to examine retinal function at PN-4w, western blot and q-PCR were used to test the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, iNOS and VEGFa of retina.

Result

Photoreceptor apoptosis were alleviated in all rhEPO administrated groups. The retinal blood supply was improved in injection groups. Compared with placebo and blank control groups, rhEPO treatment could enhance the retinal function and delay the progression of disease. Although there was no significant difference between rhEPO hydrogel and rhEPO treated group, photoreceptor apoptosis in rhEPO hydrogel group was less than that in rhEPO group, and the retinal function was better in rhEPO hydrogel group. Moreover, different routes of administration might have little effect on treatment in this research.

Conclusion

Early intervention can effectively control the progression of the disease. Anti-apoptosis,neuroprotection and erythropoietin of rhEPO could be useful in the treatment of RP. Hydrogel as a long-lasting drug sustained release system was stable and available, and might become a potential drug carrier in the future.
The relationship of plasma renin , angiotensin , and aldosterone levels to blood pressure variability and target organ damage in children with essential hypertension
Authors: Liu Yang , Lin Yao , Zhang Ming-Ming , Zheng Tong , Li Xiao-Hui , Liu Yan-Yan , Zhao Jing , Shi Lin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background To investigate the relationships of plasma renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone levels to blood pressure variability and target organ damage in children with essential hypertension. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 132 children diagnosed with essential hypertension(103 males and 29 females with the mean age of 11.8 ± 2.4 years). The plasma RAAS levels were measured using the enhanced chemiluminescence method, the ambulatory blood pressure was monitored for 24 h, and then the average real variability (ARV) was calculated. Data on indicators were used for assessing cardiac and renal damages. The correlations of plasma renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone (RAAS) levels to blood pressure variability (BPV) and target organ damage (TOD) were studied. A comparison between the groups was conducted using SPSS 20． Results Among the 132 children, 55 cases had target organ damage. The 24-h ARV and the daytime ARV of the systolic blood pressure of the high angiotensin II (AT II) group was significantly higher than that of the normal AT II group (t = 2.175, P = 0.031; t = 2.672, P = 0.009). Plasma AT II and aldosterone levels were significantly associated with the left ventricular mass index (r = 0.329, P= 0.0001; r = 0.175, P = 0.045). Linear regression analysis showed that AT II [ β± s.e.= 0.025±0.006, 95% CI ( 0.013–0.038), P = 0.0001] and aldosterone [ β± s.e.= 0.021±0.007, 95% CI( 0.008–0.034), P = 0.002] were risk factors for LVH. Conclusions The AT II level in children with essential hypertension affected the variability of the 24-h and the daytime SBP. Plasma AT II and aldosterone levels were associated with cardiac damage. Results from this study indicated that AT II and aldosterone are risk factors for LVH in childhood hypertension and are of great significance for improving the clinical prognosis of pediatric patients with hypertension. Keywords Blood pressure monitoring · Child · Hypertension · Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Genetic mapping and genomic selection for maize stalk strength
Authors: Author) Xiaogang Liu(Former Corresponding , Hu Xiaojiao , Li Kun , Liu Zhifang , Wu Yujin , Author) Hongwu Wang(New Corresponding , Huang Changling 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Maize is one of the most important staple crops and is widely grown throughout the world. Stalk lodging can cause enormous yield losses in maize production. However, rind penetrometer resistance (RPR), which is recognized as a reliable measurement to evaluate stalk strength, has been shown to be efficient and useful for improving stalk lodging-resistance. Linkage mapping is an acknowledged approach for exploring the genetic architecture of target traits. In addition, genomic selection (GS) using whole genome markers enhances selection efficiency for genetically complex traits. In the present study, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were utilized to dissect the genetic basis of RPR, which was evaluated in seven growth stages. Results The optimal stages to measure stalk strength are the silking phase and stages after silking. A total of 66 and 45 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in each RIL population. Several potential candidate genes were predicted according to the maize gene annotation database and were closely associated with the biosynthesis of cell wall components. Moreover, analysis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway further indicated that genes related to cell wall formation were involved in the determination of RPR. In addition, a multivariate model of genomic selection efficiently improved the prediction accuracy relative to a univariate model and a model considering RPR-relevant loci as fixed effects. Conclusions The genetic architecture of RPR is highly genetically complex. Multiple minor effect QTL are jointly involved in controlling phenotypic variation in RPR. Several pleiotropic QTL identified in multiple stages may contain reliable genes and can be used to develop functional markers for improving the selection efficiency of stalk strength. The application of genomic selection to RPR may be a promising approach to accelerate breeding process for improving stalk strength and enhancing lodging-resistance.