bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-redshift measurement of the sound horizon through gravitational time-delays
Authors: Arendse Nikki , Agnello Adriano , Wojtak Radosław J. 
Published: October 2019

Context. The matter sound horizon can be infered from the cosmic microwave background within the Standard Model. Independent direct measurements of the sound horizon are then a probe of possible deviations from the Standard Model.
Aims. We aim at measuring the sound horizon rs from low-redshift indicators, which are completely independent of CMB inference.
Methods. We used the measured product H(z)rs from baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) together with supernovae Ia to constrain H(z)/H0 and time-delay lenses analysed by the H0LiCOW collaboration to anchor cosmological distances (∝ H0−1). Additionally, we investigated the influence of adding a sample of quasars with higher redshift with standardisable UV-Xray luminosity distances. We adopted polynomial expansions in H(z) or in comoving distances so that our inference was completely independent of any cosmological model on which the expansion history might be based. Our measurements are independent of Cepheids and systematics from peculiar motions to within percent-level accuracy.
Results. The inferred sound horizon rs varies between (133 ± 8) Mpc and (138 ± 5) Mpc across different models. The discrepancy with CMB measurements is robust against model choice. Statistical uncertainties are comparable to systematics.
Conclusions. The combination of time-delay lenses, supernovae, and BAO yields a distance ladder that is independent of cosmology (and of Cepheid calibration) and a measurement of rs that is independent of the CMB. These cosmographic measurements are then a competitive test of the Standard Model, regardless of the hypotheses on which the cosmology is based.
Spindelzelliges Sarkom am Unterkiefer einer 5 Jahre alten Holstein-Friesian-Kuh
Authors: Gaude Ina , Otzen Henning , Hoedemaker Martina , Attig Friederike , Gerhauser Ingo , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Heppelmann Maike 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungEine 5 Jahre alte Kuh der Rasse Deutsche Holstein wurde aufgrund einer seit 3 Monaten bestehenden Umfangsvermehrung am Kopf vorgestellt. Bei der klinischen Untersuchung zeigte sich eine 15 × 20 × 15 cm große, derbe Umfangsvermehrung an der rechten Kopfseite. Das apathische Tier wies eine gestreckte Kopf-Hals-Haltung, nasalen Stridor, mukopurulenten Nasenausfluss sowie eine inspiratorische Dyspnoe mit verschärfter Atmung auf. Weiterhin bestanden eine Dysphagie und eine mäßige bis starke Salivation. Auf den Röntgenaufnahmen wurden die knöchernen Strukturen des Schädels deutlich von einer diffusen, schlecht abgegrenzten Masse unterschiedlicher Röntgendichte überlagert. Die endoskopische Untersuchung ergab einen raumfordernden Prozess im Pharynxbereich. Sonografisch stellte sich die Umfangsvermehrung als kompaktes, deutlich inhomogenes Gewebe mit fokalen Bereichen unterschiedlicher Echogenität dar. Die pathomorphologische Untersuchung des euthanasierten Rindes bestätigte das Vorliegen eines Tumors, der bereits in die Lunge metastasiert hatte. Histologisch und immunhistochemisch wurde ein spindelzelliges, Vimentin exprimierendes Weichgewebssarkom nachgewiesen, wobei es sich wahrscheinlich um ein Fibrosarkom handelte.
Datenerfassung in der medizinischen Forschung mittels Fragebogen: Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Frauen mit Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom
Authors: Dörr Helmut G. , Bettendorf Markus , Binder Gerhard , Brämswig Jürgen , Hauffa Berthold P. , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Mohnike Klaus , Schmidt Heinrich , Stalla Günter K , Wabitsch Martin , Wölfle Joachim ,   Turner-Syndrom-Vereinigung Deutschland e. V.
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Frankreich wurde 2001 bei Frauen mit Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom (UTS) eine Studie mit einem Papierfragebogen durchgeführt. Von insgesamt 891 angeschriebenen Frauen, schickten 568 Frauen (64 %) den ausgefüllten Fragebogen zurück.
Methode Für die Erfassung der Daten wurde der gleiche Fragebogen wie in Frankreich verwendet und ins Deutsche übersetzt. Der Fragebogen hatte einen Umfang von 11 Seiten und beinhaltete verschiedene Themen zur familiären, schulischen und beruflichen Situation, zur medizinischen Betreuung, zur Behandlung mit Wachstumshormon sowie zum Gefühls- und Sexualleben. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme waren ein Alter ≥ 18 Jahre und eine Therapie mit Wachstumshormon im Kindesalter. Die Studie wurde in Deutschland 2015 durchgeführt. Die Untersuchung wurde von der Ethikkommission der Medizinischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg genehmigt. Die Daten wurden anonymisiert erhoben. Die Patientinnen wurden nur nach dem Alter, der Postleitzahl dem Wohnort und nach Mitgliedschaft in der Selbsthilfegruppe gefragt.
Ergebnisse Über elf Zentren (n = 629) und über die Selbsthilfegruppe (n = 150) wurden 779 Frauen identifiziert. Von den 779 verschickten Fragebögen kamen 176 zurück (Rücklaufquote 22,6 %). Aufgrund fehlender Daten oder Nichteinhalten der Einschlusskriterien konnten 46 Fragebögen nicht ausgewertet werden, sodass die Daten von 130 Frauen (16,7 % der angeschriebenen Patientinnen) für die Analyse zur Verfügung standen. Davon waren 26 Frauen (20,5 %) Mitglied in der Selbsthilfegruppe. Die einzelnen Fragenkomplexe wurden von den Frauen nicht gleich häufig beantwortet. Fragen zu „Familie, Schule und Beruf“ oder zu „Gesundheitsproblemen“ wurden von allen Frauen (100 %) beantwortet, Fragen zum „Gefühlsleben“ und Fragen zu „Beziehungen“ nur von 71,5 % bzw. 53,1 %.
Schlussfolgerungen Der Fragebogen wurde in Deutschland deutlich schlechter akzeptiert als in Frankreich, obwohl die deutschen Frauen überwiegend von den Kinder-Endokrinologen angeschrieben wurden, die bei ihnen die Therapie mit Wachstumshormon durchgeführt hatten.
Downregulation of miR-320 Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammatory Response in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Liu Lu , Li Xiaohua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs serve important roles in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs). This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-320 (miR-320) in the development of ERs and the inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Materials and Methods The adipose tissue expression levels of miR-320 and ERs markers (GRP78, GRP94, Derlin-1 and CHOP) and the serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NF-κB and IL-6) in obese patients were evaluated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation of miR-320 with genes involved in ERs and inflammation was analyzed. The effects of miR-320 on ERs and inflammation were explored using mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which were pretreated with palmitic acid (PA).
Results ERs markers and inflammatory cytokines were all upregulated in obese patients. Adipose tissue miR-320 expression was also increased in obese patients, and had positive correlations with the levels of ERs markers and inflammatory cytokines. After PA treatment, the levels of ERs markers and inflammatory cytokines were elevated significantly in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, miR-320 expression was increased in the cells under ERs status. The upregulation of miR-320 could enhance the expression of ERs markers and inflammatory cytokines, but the downregulation of miR-320 resulted in the opposite results.
Conclusion The data of this study indicate that miR-320 expression is upregulated in ERs status, and the downregulation of miR-320 ameliorates ERs and the inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We consider that the approaches to decrease miR-320 expression may be novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes and Recurrence Rates of Cystic and Solid Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Almefty Rami O. , Xu David S. , Mooney Michael A. , Montoure Andrew , Naeem Komal , Coons Stephen W. , Spetzler Robert F. , Porter Randall W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective Cystic vestibular schwannomas (CVSs) are anecdotally believed to have worse clinical and tumor-control outcomes than solid vestibular schwannomas (SVSs); however, no data have been reported to support this belief. In this study, we characterize the clinical outcomes of patients with CVSs versus those with SVSs.
Design This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data.
Setting This study is set at single high-volume neurosurgical institute.
Participants We queried a database for details on all patients diagnosed with vestibular schwannomas between January 2009 and January 2014.
Main Outcome Measures Records were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses to study the differences in clinical outcomes and tumor progression or recurrence.
Results Of a total of 112 tumors, 24% (n = 27) were CVSs and 76% (n = 85) were SVSs. Univariate analysis identified the extent of resection, Koos grade, and tumor diameter as significant predictors of recurrence (p ≤ 0.005). However, tumor diameter was the only significant predictor of recurrence in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.007). Cystic change was not a predictor of recurrence in the univariate or multivariate analysis (p ≥ 0.40). Postoperative facial nerve and hearing outcomes were similar for both CVSs and SVSs (p ≥ 0.47).
Conclusion Postoperative facial nerve outcome, hearing, tumor progression, and recurrence are similar for patients with CVSs and SVSs. As CVS growth patterns and responses to radiation are unpredictable, we favor microsurgical resection over radiosurgery as the initial treatment. Our data do not support the commonly held belief that cystic tumors behave more aggressively than solid tumors or are associated with increased postoperative facial nerve deficits.
Limitation of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Cerebral Oximetry in Predicting Neurologic Intolerance during Carotid Artery Stenting with Proximal Protection
Authors: Bilgi Kanchan , Mishra Rajeeb Kumar , HR Aravinda ,   Radhakrishnan M
Published: October 2019

AbstractProximal balloon occlusion prior to carotid artery stenting is considered a relatively safe practice during endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Transient neurological deterioration affecting the ipsilateral hemisphere is seen soon after balloon inflation, when placed proximal to the stenotic segment. This occurs in cases of bilateral carotid disease due to insufficient collateral blood flow from the contralateral side. Near infrared spectroscopy cerebral oximetry (NIRS) is a valuable tool in detecting hypoperfusion- induced cerebral tissue desaturation (rSO2) during these procedures. This helps the interventional radiologist to deflate the balloon at the earliest to re-establish the cerebral blood flow. The non-invasive nature and continuous real-time interpretation make NIRS an attractive adjunct in the neuroanesthesiolgist's armamentarium for monitoring cerebral ischemia. However, significant contribution from chromophores in the extra-cerebral tissues and external carotid artery circulation can limit its sensitivity during occlusion of the internal carotid artery. In our case, it did not reflect brain ischemia during hypotension and when the neurologic symptoms were obvious. Commonly available cerebral oximetry sensors placed over the frontal region do not cover the parietal lobe where ischemia is likely to occur during occlusion of the carotid artery. In such scenarios, it has been shown that multi-channel NIRS has a better sensitivity in detecting cerebral ischemia. This case report highlights the importance of frequent neurological examination during carotid stenting as rSO2 values might not always suggest cerebral ischemia.
Early Surgical Repair of Bile Duct Injuries following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: The Sooner the Better
Authors: Battal Muharrem , Yazici Pinar , Bostanci Ozgur , Karatepe Oguzhan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the outcomes of the immediate surgical repair of bile duct injuries (BDIs) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Materials and Methods Between January 2012 and May 2017, patients, who underwent immediate surgical repair (within 72 hours) for postcholecystectomy BDI, by the same surgical team expert in hepatobiliary surgery, were enrolled into the study. Data collection included demographics, type of BDI according to the Strasberg classification, time to diagnosis, surgical procedures, and outcome.
Results There were 13 patients with a mean age of 43 ± 12 years. Classification of BDIs were as follows: type E in six patients (46%), type D in three patients (23%), type C in two (15%), and types B and A in one patient each (7.6%). Mean time to diagnosis was 22 ± 15 hours. Surgical procedures included Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for all six patients with type-E injury, primary repair of common bile duct for three patients with type-D injury, and primary suturing of the fistula orifice was performed in two cases with type-C injury. Other two patients with type-B and -A injury underwent removal of clips which were placed on common bile duct during index operation and replacing of clips on cystic duct where stump bile leakage was observed probably due to dislodging of clips, respectively. Mean hospital stay was 6.6 ± 3 days. Morbidity with a rate of 30% (n = 4) was observed during a median follow-up period of 35 months (range: 6–56 months). Mortality was nil.
Conclusion Immediate surgical repair of postcholecystectomy BDIs in selected patients leads to promising outcome.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Cases of Hydrocephalus: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Saxena Prarthana , Pandey Sharad , Kumar Pankaj , Kausik Kaviraj , Soni Shiv Lal 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background With the recent advances in optical and mechanical instrumentation, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has emerged as the procedure of choice for the treatment of hydrocephalus in selected patients.
Objective: To study the role of ETV in therapeutic management of hydrocephalus in a tertiary care center.
Materials and Methods The present study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed as a therapeutic procedure in patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus requiring surgical intervention and admitted from June 2017 to July 2018. ETV success was defined by resolution or improvement in clinical symptoms and ETV failure was considered in patients whose symptoms either deteriorated or did not improve from the baseline and required ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Results A total of 85 patients were included in this study who underwent the therapeutic ETV. In the present study, the overall ETV success rate was 75.2% (64/85). 86.7% cases of aqueductal stenosis, 74.4% cases of post meningitis (including tubercular meningitis) hydrocephalus, and 71% of posterior fossa tumors showed resolution or improvement in clinical symptoms.
Conclusion ETV is an effective treatment modality for obstructive hydrocephalus and with better results in post meningitis hydrocephalus and post tubercular meningitis hydrocephalus. However, more extensive studies dedicated to ETV with a larger sample size are required to further study its efficacy in various etiologies.
Heterotopic Ossification after Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Cohen Eric M. , Babu Jacob M. , Ritterman Scott , Tuttle John , Eisenson Daniel , Rubin Lee E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated varying rates of heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) depending on which anatomical approach is utilized. The direct anterior approach (DAA) is considered to be a muscle-sparing approach to the hip, which may lead to decreased rates of HO formation. This study evaluated the incidence of HO formation after DAA THA. The current work is a retrospective review of patients who underwent DAA THA. Six-month postoperative radiographs were evaluated and HO grade was classified using the Brooker classification system. Baseline characteristic differences between the Brooker classification groups were analyzed, specifically looking at: age, sex, type of deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis utilized, and preoperative Bombelli arthritis type. The overall incidence of HO in this DAA group was 179/485 patients (36.9%). There were 14 patients (2.9%) with Brooker Type 3 HO and 1 patient (0.21%) with Brooker Type 4 HO. No surgical excision of HO was performed. Patients were significantly more likely to develop HO if they had Bombelli hypertrophic arthritis (p < 0.00003). Preoperative radiographic imaging suggesting Bombelli hypertrophic arthritis is predictive of HO formation, warranting consideration for HO prophylactic treatment. The radiographic incidence of HO in DAA THA was 36.9%, which is within the previously reported range of HO seen for lateral and posterior approaches to the hip. HO after total hip arthroplasty is likely due to soft tissue handling, hemostasis, and patient factors, rather than type of surgical approach.
Pediatric Sepsis in Our Community: A Point Prevalence Study
Authors: Breuer Ryan K. , Carnevale Frank , Donhauser Jessica , Iwano Mika , Kramer Bree , Marthia Vanessa , Nutty Kirsten , Patankar Nikhil , Wilkowski Scott , Hassinger Amanda B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective Hospital-based studies are the main sources of epidemiologic data on pediatric sepsis, underrepresenting those managed as outpatients. This may disadvantage community providers, especially when determining triage, referral, and follow-up. Our objective was to characterize sepsis in nonhospitalized children and describe resources allocated to their care.
Methods This was a point prevalence study conducted in 11 primary care (PC) offices, 2 urgent care (UC) centers, and 1 pediatric emergency department (ED) serving Western New York. Patients aged 18 years and younger evaluated at a participating site on one of four study dates over a 12-month period were eligible to participate. Patients were included if temperature and heart rate and/or respiratory rate were documented during their visit. The primary outcome was the prevalence of sepsis in participating sites.
Results Of 3,269 eligible children, 52.6% (n = 1,719) met inclusion criteria, 91% of whom (n = 1,576) were evaluated for acute infection. Sepsis criteria were met by 8.8% of these patients (22.4% in ED, 13.0% in UC centers, and 1.6% in PC offices). Most (74%) patients with sepsis were managed solely by initial site and sent home. However, meeting sepsis criteria was associated with higher odds of escalation of care beyond initial site (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62–4.17). The presence of tachycardia (aOR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.70–4.90) or a lower respiratory tract infection (aOR: 3.69, 95% CI: 2.28–5.99) was also independently associated with higher odds of care escalation.
Conclusion Nearly 1 in 10 children seeking outpatient evaluation for infection met sepsis criteria. While most were managed without transfer or hospital admission, the diagnosis did carry higher odds of care escalation. Tachycardia and lower respiratory tract infections also conveyed an increased likelihood, suggesting additional screening possibilities for outpatient clinicians.
Serum D-Dimer in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Knee Infection: Where Are We Today?
Authors: Pannu Tejbir S. , Villa Jesus M. , Riesgo Aldo M. , Patel Preetesh D. , Barsoum Wael K. , Higuera-Rueda Carlos A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) continues to impact a remarkable number of patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty (2.0–2.1%). Substantial efforts to curtail these rates have been seen in the past decade including various attempts to reach a clear definition of PJI that the orthopaedic community could adopt as a gold standard. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, slightly modified by the International Consensus Meeting (ICM), has gained widespread acceptance and it is a step closer to that goal. Research on markers such as serum cross-linked D-fragments (D-dimer) seems promising in the diagnosis of infection. In the setting of PJI, a recent publication has established a threshold of 850 ng/mL as the optimal cutoff value for serum D-dimer. Therefore, our objective is to present a summary of the current literature on the changing indications of D-dimer and its rising importance in the setting of PJI. Serum D-dimer has been shown to outperform other conventional tests such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein that have been a major part of the ICM criteria and it has been included in the newly proposed diagnostic criteria for PJI that correctly diagnoses infection in 95.5% of septic patients (overall sensitivity: 97.7%, specificity: 99.5%). In comparison with the ICM and MSIS infection definitions, the new criteria revealed a higher sensitivity (97.7 vs. 86.9% and 97.7 vs. 79.3%, respectively), while specificity was similar. In conclusion, high D-dimer levels in primary or revision knee arthroplasty seem indicative of diagnosis of PJI. However, future studies are warranted to conclusively support the routine use of this marker and to validate the performance of the newly developed PJI diagnostic criteria under different clinical scenarios.
Management of Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity with Dexmedetomidine and Propranolol Following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Branstetter Joshua W. , Ohman Kelsey L. , Johnson Donald W. , Gilbert Brian W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a case of pharmacologic management of pediatric paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) in a patient who experienced symptomatic resolution with dexmedetomidine and propranolol. Following a blunt traumatic subdural hematoma and diffuse axonal injury, an 8-year-old male developed PSH on approximately day 5 of the hospitalization. PSH symptoms identified in this patient were hyperthermia, tachycardia, posturing, and hypertension with associated elevations in intracranial pressure. Episodes of PSH continued to be observed despite appropriate titration of opiates, sedatives, and traditional blood pressure management. Dexmedetomidine and propranolol were subsequently initiated to attenuate acute episodes of PSH. A reduction in sedative requirements and improvement in symptoms followed, which facilitated successful extubation. The combination of propranolol and dexmedetomidine was followed by a decrease in the frequency and severity of acute episodes of PSH. After utilization of multiple treatment modalities to control PSH episodes in our patient, propranolol and dexmedetomidine may have helped attenuate PSH signs and symptoms.