bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea-level fluctuations in the late Middle Permian estimated from palaeosols of the Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: Li Jun , Han Zhong , Wen Xingyue , Retallack Gregory J. , Huang Chengmin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo upper Middle Permian palaeosols, consisting of coal and pyrite intercalated with a 20 cm thick limestone, were found near Mount Emei in the SW Sichuan Basin, China. The macro- and micromorphology and physico-chemical properties, in conjunction with the mineralogical composition of the palaeosol horizons were investigated. This type of palaeosol is common within the Permian intertidal facies of the Upper Yangtze Craton. The section reflects fluctuations within the range of 0–25 m in relative sea-level, with the depositional environment changing from shallow-marine to littoral, followed by tidal-flat to littoral, and finally to continental volcanic rocks, based on a combination of palaeopedological and carbonate microfacies analyses. Such short-term relative sea-level fluctuations in late Middle Permian times in the SW Sichuan Basin of South China are consistent with the long-term falling trend on a global scale in late Middle Permian times, and may be related to regionally variable subsidence and global cooling. The combination of coastal palaeosol and carbonate microfacies analyses is proposed as an additional tool for estimating the amplitude of sea-level changes.
ANXIETY, CHAOS, AND THE RAJ
Authors: EHRLICH JOSHUA 
Published: January 2020

Chaos reigns – at least in the historiography of the Raj. It was once the consensus among historians that British imperial authority in the Indian subcontinent was secure for at least the century-and-a-half before the Second World War. Recently, however, this narrative has drawn a range of challenges. Prominently, Mark Condos and Jon Wilson have held that British imperial authority was chronicallyinsecure. In their view, the irrational anxiety of generations of British officials produced a chaotic administration with minimal social purchase or ideological coherence. Instead of a confident state capable of acting as it chose, these historians have limned a psychologically embattled one incapable of acting except in the abstract, small scale, or short term. Their bold revision succeeds in dispelling the aura of indomitability that has often surrounded the Raj, and in directing attention to its overlooked discontents and weaknesses. Yet their characterization of the British regime asconstantlyandpervasivelyanxious is more an article of faith than a conclusion warranted by evidence. Nor do they explain how, if the regime suffered from permanent ‘chaos’ or ‘insecurity’, it managed to survive for some two hundred years. At the heart of Condos's and Wilson's approach is an effort to bypass texts that results, instead, in misreading them. It is largely by re-emphasizing rigorous textual methods, therefore, that Durba Ghosh offers a compelling alternative approach to the history of state vulnerability and disorder.
Development of a Bio-inspired Wall-Climbing Robot Composed of Spine Wheels, Adhesive Belts and Eddy Suction Cup
Authors: Liu Jinfu , Xu Linsen , Chen Shouqi , Xu Hong , Cheng Gaoxin , Xu Jiajun 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYA novel wall-climbing robot with multiple attachment modes is proposed. For uneven surfaces, the mechanical model of a spine wheel is brought out to grab the surfaces with its multi-spines. For smooth surfaces, an adhesive belt is obtained by the industrial synchronous belt and the polyurethane material to adhere to the surfaces. To avoid the robot overturning, an adsorption device with flexible skirt edge is presented. In addition, the normal force and motor torque are evaluated respectively. Finally, the prototype of the wall-climbing robot is manufactured and tested, and the experimental results show that the robot could climb the wall surface 0–360° with a maximum load of 0.5 kg.
Fishery bycatch is among the most important threats to the European population of Greater ScaupAythya marila
Authors: MARCHOWSKI DOMINIK , JANKOWIAK ŁUKASZ , ŁAWICKI ŁUKASZ , WYSOCKI DARIUSZ , CHYLARECKI PRZEMYSŁAW 
Published: January 2020

SummaryFor Greater ScaupAythya marila, classified as ‘Vulnerable’ on the European Red List of Birds, the south-western Baltic Sea is one of the most important wintering sites in Europe. In this area, a large concentration of gillnet fishery temporally overlaps periods of the most abundant occurrence of foraging diving birds. The aim of the article is to show how bycatch can impact the population of a diving duck. To assess this, we calculate the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) for the studied Greater Scaup population and we model the population change according to age-structured matrix models. Summing all the available recent figures on Greater Scaup bycatch in north-west Europe yields an estimated mean annual total of 3,991 individuals (2% of the flyway population). For a baseline stable population, an age-structured matrix model indicates that at this bycatch level the Greater Scaup population that winters in north-west Europe will decrease by 36% over the next 30 years, qualifying the status of the population as ‘Vulnerable’ according to IUCN criteria. As this population also experiences decline prior to bycatch, this decrease will be 57%, which qualifies the status as ‘Endangered’. PBR as an indicator of population vitality does not work in our case because the PBR-informed allowable bycatch values have a significantly negative impact on the population. Our results indicate unambiguously that fishery bycatch is among the most important threats responsible for the Greater Scaup’s decline. While recent data suggest that some improvement has taken place in the species’ status over the last 10 years, measures to protect Greater Scaup from bycatch are required. The solution should involve the prohibition of gillnet fishing in selected key sites and the use of mitigation techniques in other areas.
BCLM: Forging Ahead: building a new urban history of the Black Country
Authors: Briercliffe Simon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe recreation of urban historical space in museums is inevitably a complex, large-scale endeavour bridging the worlds of academic and public history. BCLM: Forging Ahead at the Black Country Living Museum is a £23m project recreating a typical Black Country town post-World War II. This article uses case-studies of three buildings – a Civic Restaurant, a record shop and a pub – to argue that urban-historical research methodology and community engagement can both create a vivid sense of the past, and challenge pervasive prejudices. It also argues that such a collaborative and public project reveals much about the urban and regional nature of industrial areas like the Black Country in this pivotal historical moment.
Agricultural Development and Land Use Change in India: A Scenario Analysis of Trade‐Offs Between UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Hinz R. , Sulser T. B. , Huefner R. , Mason‐D’Croz D. , Dunston S. , Nautiyal S. , Ringler C. , Schuengel J. , Tikhile P. , Wimmer F. , Schaldach R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndia has the second largest population in the world and is characterized by a broad diversity in climate, topography, flora, fauna, land use, and socioeconomic conditions. To help ensure food security in the future, agricultural systems will have to respond to global change drivers such as population growth, changing dietary habits, and climate change. However, alterations of how food is produced in the future may conflict with other UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as the protection of land resources and climate change mitigation. It is crucial for decision‐makers to understand potential trade‐offs between these goals to find a balance of human needs and environmental impacts. In this paper, we analyze pathways of agricultural productivity, land use, and land‐cover changes in India until 2030 and their impacts on terrestrial biodiversity and carbon storage. The results show that in order to meet future food production demands, agricultural lands are likely to expand, and existing farmlands need to be intensified. However, both processes will result in biodiversity losses. At the same time, the projections reveal carbon stock increases due to intensification processes and decreases due to conversions of natural land into agriculture. On balance, we find that carbon stocks increase with the scenarios of future agricultural productivity as modeled here. In conclusion, we regard further agricultural intensification as a crucial element to help ensure food security and to slow down the expansion of cropland and pasture. At the same time, policies are required to implement this intensification in a way that minimizes biodiversity losses.
Pressure Dependence of Proton Incorporation and Water Solubility in Olivine
Authors: Fei Hongzhan , Katsura Tomoo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrous forsterite single crystals were synthesized at 8 GPa and 1250 °C using a multianvil apparatus under various SiO2 activity conditions. Electron microprobe and transmission Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analyses show that the Mg/Si atomic ratio increases with increasing water content. This provides new evidence that protons are mainly stored in Si sites in hydrous forsterite. The contribution of Mg sites for proton incorporation can be significant at ≤2.5 GPa with excess SiO2 but is negligible at higher pressures. Protons in olivine under asthenospheric conditions are therefore mostly maintained in Si sites. A summary of experimental studies suggests that the water solubility of forsterite/olivine equilibrated with excess (Mg,Fe)O is substantially higher than that with excess SiO2; however, this difference decreases with increasing pressure and becomes identical at 12–14 GPa. Owing to the low water solubility of olivine under topmost asthenospheric conditions, the geophysically observed low viscosity and low seismic velocity zones cannot be caused by olivine hydration, and the high conductivity anomaly should not be attributed to free H+‐controlled proton conduction in olivine.
Linkages Between Phytoplankton and Bottom Oxygen in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Zheng Guangming , DiGiacomo Paul M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe primary cause of coastal hypoxia is generally attributed to phytoplankton blooms and their subsequent benthic decay. However, direct linkages between phytoplankton and hypoxia have been rarely reported. Here using satellite and field data, we show that such linkages exist in the Chesapeake Bay. For deeper (
10 m) but nonhypoxic stations, bottom dissolved oxygen is significantly correlated with surface algal biomass during the preceding weeks. Optimal correlation exhibits a bimodal seasonal variation with two peaks in April and August, respectively. Significant particulate dislocation effect is also observed: In April, May, August, and September when water column is stratified, the most significant influencer of bottom oxygen is attributable to phytoplankton blooms located down‐estuary; during destratified months of October and November, however, the dislocation effect switches to the opposite direction, that is, phytoplankton from up‐estuary have the biggest impact. We also notice enhanced phytoplankton growth posterior to lower bottom oxygen, and the strongest correlation is during summer when release of recycled ammonium and hypoxia‐induced phosphate is the most intense. These results demonstrate that the decay of phytoplankton exerts a significant impact on bottom oxygen and releases ammonium which sustains further bloom, whereas hypoxia promotes phytoplankton growth by enhancing the efficiency of phosphate recycling. Importantly, the capability of using satellite data to capture these linkages has significant ramifications for improving hypoxia forecasts in coastal systems. It essentially provides a way to characterize and constrain changes in bottom oxygen demand.
Mapping Areas of the Southern Ocean Where Productivity Likely Depends on Dust‐Delivered Iron
Authors: Tatlhego Mokganedi , Bhattachan Abinash , Okin Gregory S. , D'Odorico Paolo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe existence of low‐productivity areas in the Southern Ocean has been related to limited supply of bioavailable iron from terrestrial sources of dust. Dust‐delivered iron can be crucial to ocean productivity, though alternative mechanisms have also been identified. To explore the geographic distribution of areas limited in the delivery of iron‐rich atmospheric dust in the austral summer, we calculate forward trajectories from continental sources in the Southern Hemisphere between 2007 and 2015. A statistical comparison between trajectory patterns and maps of chlorophyll‐a, an indicator of ocean productivity, shows a significant positive correlation in ocean areas between 45°S and 65°S, consistent with the dust deposition hypothesis. Likewise, considering the area south of 45°S, while excluding the coastal belt of Antarctica, a positive correlation is also found. These results suggest the existence of two potential sources of bioavailable iron to the Southern Ocean that determine its productivity patterns: aeolian transport from dust sources into the open Southern Ocean and coastal sediment and upwelling in the coastal Antarctic Ocean.
Gravity Wave Activities Associated With Convective Phenomena at a Tropical Location Near Land‐Sea Boundary
Authors: Jana Soumyajyoti , Rakshit Gargi , Maitra Animesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe seasonal analysis of gravity wave activity has been made for the present tropical location, Kolkata (22.5726°N, 88.3639°E) using radiosonde and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 60 model level data. Gravity wave generated due to intense tropical cyclone Aila has also been investigated using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 91 model level data over the Indian region. The gravity wave energy calculated from temperature and wind perturbation profiles show a significant enhancement during convective activities as indicated by a low outgoing longwave radiation. The pattern of zonal and meridional wind shears plays an important role in determining the seasonal variation of gravity wave activities. An intrusion of water vapor into the lower stratosphere over the cyclone affected region is detected from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts 91 model level data. The dominant vertical wavelengths of gravity waves in the range of 2.5–3.2 km are found from spectral analysis of wind and temperature perturbations during the tropical cyclone.
Fine Sediment Deposition and Filtration Under Losing and Gaining Flow Conditions: A Particle Tracking Model Approach
Authors: Preziosi‐Ribero Antonio , Packman Aaron I. , Escobar‐Vargas Jorge A. , Phillips Colin B. , Donado Leonardo David , Arnon Shai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFine particle deposition within riverbeds plays a major role in riverine ecology and biogeochemistry by altering hyporheic exchange flux. Moreover, it is ubiquitous within streams and rivers across all flow stages. However, the dynamics of fine particle deposition are still not completely understood in rivers, and continuum models like the advection dispersion equation require modifications to represent the processes accurately. To enhance understanding of fine particle dynamics, we developed a novel numerical particle tracking model that simulates fine particle deposition as a stochastic process under losing, neutral, and gaining streamflow conditions. These flow conditions generate three different velocity profiles by combining the free surface and groundwater flows. In addition, a novel aspect of our model is the storage of filtered particles to estimate concentration fields within the bed. Our simulated results are qualitatively compared with previous laboratory flume experimental results of kaolinite deposition under similar conditions. The model indicates that fine particle deposition patterns and residence time functions depend heavily on the exchange flux between stream and groundwater, as well as bed filtration properties as the deposition of particles occurs at greater depths in the losing stream condition than in the neutral and gaining cases. Therefore, the spatial pattern of particle deposition is a direct result of pore water velocity profiles, while the concentration depends on filtration dynamics within the bed.
Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles in blood of metastatic cancer patients associate with overall survival
Authors: Nanou Afroditi , Miller M. Craig , Zeune Leonie L. , de Wit Sanne , Punt Cornelis J. A. , Groen Harry J. M. , Hayes Daniel F. , de Bono Johann S. , Terstappen Leon W. M. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in blood associate with overall survival (OS) of cancer patients, but they are detected in extremely low numbers. Large tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients are present at around 20 times higher frequencies than CTCs and have equivalent prognostic power. In this study, we explored the presence of tdEVs in other cancers and their association with OS.

Methods
The open-source ACCEPT software was used to automatically enumerate tdEVs in digitally stored CellSearch® images obtained from previously reported CTC studies evaluating OS in 190 CRPC, 450 metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), 179 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and 137 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients before the initiation of a new treatment.

Results
Presence of unfavourable CTCs and tdEVs is predictive of OS, with respective hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.4 and 2.2 in CRPC, 2.7 and 2.2 in MBC, 2.3 and 1.9 in mCRC and 2.0 and 2.4 in NSCLC, respectively.

Conclusions
tdEVs have equivalent prognostic value as CTCs in the investigated metastatic cancers. CRPC, mCRC, and MBC (but not NSCLC) patients with favourable CTC counts can be further prognostically stratified using tdEVs. Our data suggest that tdEVs could be used in clinical decision-making.
PulmonDB: a curated lung disease gene expression database
Authors: Villaseñor-Altamirano Ana B. , Moretto Marco , Maldonado Mariel , Zayas-Del Moral Alejandra , Munguía-Reyes Adrián , Romero Yair , García-Sotelo Jair. S. , Aguilar Luis A. , Aldana-Assad Oscar , Engelen Kristof , Selman Moisés , Collado-Vides Julio , Balderas-Martínez Yalbi I. , Medina-Rivera Alejandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) have contrasting clinical and pathological characteristics and interesting whole-genome transcriptomic profiles. However, data from public repositories are difficult to reprocess and reanalyze. Here, we present PulmonDB, a web-based database (http://pulmondb.liigh.unam.mx/) and R library that facilitates exploration of gene expression profiles for these diseases by integrating transcriptomic data and curated annotation from different sources. We demonstrated the value of this resource by presenting the expression of already well-known genes of COPD and IPF across multiple experiments and the results of two differential expression analyses in which we successfully identified differences and similarities. With this first version of PulmonDB, we create a new hypothesis and compare the two diseases from a transcriptomics perspective.
Template-based automation of treatment planning in advanced radiotherapy: a comprehensive dosimetric and clinical evaluation
Authors: Cilla Savino , Ianiro Anna , Romano Carmela , Deodato Francesco , Macchia Gabriella , Buwenge Milly , Dinapoli Nicola , Boldrini Luca , Morganti Alessio G. , Valentini Vincenzo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the recent advanced developments in radiation therapy planning, treatment planning for head-neck and pelvic cancers remains challenging due to large concave target volumes, multiple dose prescriptions and numerous organs at risk close to targets. Inter-institutional studies highlighted that plan quality strongly depends on planner experience and skills. Automated optimization of planning procedure may improve plan quality and best practice. We performed a comprehensive dosimetric and clinical evaluation of the Pinnacle3 AutoPlanning engine, comparing automatically generated plans (AP) with the historically clinically accepted manually-generated ones (MP). Thirty-six patients (12 for each of the following anatomical sites: head-neck, high-risk prostate and endometrial cancer) were re-planned with the AutoPlanning engine. Planning and optimization workflow was developed to automatically generate “dual-arc” VMAT plans with simultaneously integrated boost. Various dose and dose-volume parameters were used to build three metrics able to supply a global Plan Quality Index evaluation in terms of dose conformity indexes, targets coverage and sparing of critical organs. All plans were scored in a blinded clinical evaluation by two senior radiation oncologists. Dose accuracy was validated using the PTW Octavius-4D phantom together with the 1500 2D-array. Autoplanning was able to produce high-quality clinically acceptable plans in all cases. The main benefit of Autoplanning strategy was the improvement of overall treatment quality due to significant increased dose conformity and reduction of integral dose by 6–10%, keeping similar targets coverage. Overall planning time was reduced to 60–80 minutes, about a third of time needed for manual planning. In 94% of clinical evaluations, the AP plans scored equal or better to MP plans. Despite the increased fluence modulation, dose measurements reported an optimal agreement with dose calculations with a γ-pass-rate greater than 95% for 3%(global)-2 mm criteria. Autoplanning engine is an effective device enabling the generation of VMAT high quality treatment plans according to institutional specific planning protocols.
The composition of the perinatal intestinal microbiota in horse
Authors: Husso A. , Jalanka J. , Alipour M. J. , Huhti P. , Kareskoski M. , Pessa-Morikawa T. , Iivanainen A. , Niku M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe establishment of the intestinal microbiota is critical for the digestive and immune systems. We studied the early development of the rectal microbiota in horse, a hindgut fermenter, from birth until 7 days of age, by qPCR and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. To evaluate initial sources of the foal microbiota, we characterised dam fecal, vaginal and oral microbiotas. We utilised an amplicon sequence variant (ASV) pipeline to maximise resolution and reproducibility. Stringent ASV filtering based on prevalence and abundance in samples and controls purged contaminants while preserving intestinal taxa. Sampled within 20 minutes after birth, rectal meconium contained small amounts of diverse bacterial DNA, with a profile closer to mare feces than mouth. 24 hours after birth, rectum was colonised by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, some foals dominated by single genera. At day 7, the rectal genera were still different from adult feces. The mare vaginal microbiota contributed to 24 h and 7 day microbiotas. It contained few lactobacilli, withCorynebacterium,Porphyromonas,CampylobacterandHelcococcusas the most abundant genera. In the oral mucosa,Gemellawas extremely abundant. Our observations indicate that bacteria or bacterial components are present in the intestine immediately after birth, but the newborn microbiota changes rapidly.