bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Maritime Organisation Conventions as Incorporated under Kuwaiti Law
Authors: Aladwani Talal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is part of the UN entities. IMO Conventions focus on the human and technical aspects of shipping, including safety. Kuwait has ratified not only key IMO Conventions, but also other widely covered conventions in the fields of safety of life at sea, safe navigation, prevention of marine pollution, and third-party liability and compensation for maritime claims. This article is an attempt to address briefly the ratified conventions and their implementation (or effectiveness) under Kuwaiti law. Matters such as whether it is essential to incorporate new IMO Conventions and their amendments into Kuwaiti law will be considered.
Joy Of Giving Week Providing Stimulus to Customers and Triggering Response in Terms of Willingness To Pay Under Cause Related Marketing
Authors: Mekoth Nandakumar , Pinto Raina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We conducted a study using an experimental approach and made a comparison of customers’ Willingness To Pay (WTP) during two time frames; one highlighting an event – Joy Of Giving Week (JOGW) and the other; post JOGW (Non-Joy Of Giving Week) not specifically linked to giving. When a time frame highlighting an event is used, it provides a stimulus to the customers which triggers a response in terms of higher WTP. We posit that a time frame highlighting an event can have an impact on customers’ WTP for a product linked to a cause. We present a new facet of Facilitated Giving Form of Cause Related Marketing (CRM).This form offers benefits to three entities: the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in terms of increased availability of funds, customers experience a ‘feel good factor’ by purchasing a product of the NGO associated with a cause and, builds the image of the business unit.
Observations and Simulation of Elevated Nocturnal Convection Initiation on 24 June 2015 during PECAN
Authors: Trier Stanley B. , Kehler Scott D. , Hanesiak John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The environment of elevated nocturnal deep convection initiation (CI) on 24 June 2015 is investigated using radiosonde data from the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field experiment and a convection-allowing simulation. Elevated CI occurs around midnight in ascending westerly flow above the northeastern terminus of the nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) several hundred kilometers poleward of the leading edge of a surface warm front. This CI originates from within preexisting banded altocumulus clouds that are supported by persistent large-scale ascent within the entrance region of a midtropospheric jet streak. Model trajectories calculated backward from convective updraft cores during CI indicate abrupt lifting at the leading edge of the surface front during the late afternoon to altitudes above that of the subsequent southerly LLJ. This air remains significantly subsaturated during northward movement until after several hours of weaker but persistent ascent within the highly elevated westerly airstream during the evening. Unlike in many previous studies of frontal overrunning by the LLJ, strong local drying occurs within the LLJ core. Nevertheless, vertical displacements from persistent mesoscale ascent were sufficient for trajectory air parcels to reach their LFC and sustain deep convection. The mesoscale upward displacement along trajectories is well explained by isentropic upglide associated with frontal overrunning at horizontal distances greater than 100 km from the CI and subsequent mature convection. However, the significant additional mesoscale vertical displacements needed for deep CI to occur in the westerlies above the horizontally convergent ~100-km-wide LLJ terminus region, were associated with local cooling and are not accounted for by steady isentropic upglide.
Evaluating the Effects of In-Vehicle Side-View Display Layout Design on Physical Demands of Driving
Authors: Beck Donghyun , Jung Jaemoon , Park Woojin 
Published: November 2019

Objective A driving simulator study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the effects of three camera monitor system (CMS) display layouts and the traditional side-view mirror arrangement on the physical demands of driving. Background Despite the possible benefits of CMS displays in reducing the physical demands of driving, little empirical evidence is available to substantiate these benefits. The effects of CMS display layout designs are not well understood. Method The three CMS display layouts varied in the locations of the side-view displays: (A) inside the car near the conventional side-view mirrors, (B) on the dashboard at each side of the steering wheel, and (C) on the center fascia with the displays joined side by side. Twenty-two participants performed a safety-critical lane changing task with each design alternative. The dependent measures were the following: spread of eye movement, spread of head movement, and perceived physical demand. Results Compared with the traditional mirror system, all three CMS display layouts showed a reduction in physical demands, albeit differing in the types/magnitudes of physical demand reduction. Conclusion Well-designed CMS display layouts could significantly reduce the physical demands of driving. The physical demands were reduced by placing the CMS displays close to the position of the driver’s normal line-of-sight when looking at the road ahead and locating each CMS display on each side of the driver, that is, at locations compatible with the driver’s expectation. Application Physical demand reductions by CMS displays would especially benefit drivers frequently checking the side-view mirrors with large eye/head movements and physically weak/impaired drivers.
Noncountable Tuberculosis Case Reporting, National Tuberculosis Surveillance System, United States, 2010-2014
Authors: Pratt Robert H. , Manangan Lilia P. , Cummings Charisse Nitura , Langer Adam J. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Supplemental federal funding is allocated to state and local tuberculosis (TB) programs using a formula that considers only countable cases reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System (NTSS). Health departments submit reports of cases, which are countable unless another (US or international) jurisdiction has already counted the case or the case represents a recurrence of TB diagnosed ≤12 months after completion of treatment for a previous TB episode. Noncountable cases are a resource burden, so in 2009, NTSS began accepting noncountable case reports as an indicator of program burden. We sought to describe the volume and completeness of noncountable case reports. Methods: We analyzed 2010-2014 NTSS data to determine the number and distribution of noncountable cases reported. We also surveyed jurisdictions to determine the completeness of noncountable case reporting and obtain information on jurisdictions’ experience in reporting noncountable cases. In addition, we prepared a hypothetical recalculation of the funding formula to evaluate the effect of including noncountable cases on funding allocations. Results: Of 54 067 TB case reports analyzed, 1720 (3.2%) were noncountable; 47 of 60 (78.3%) jurisdictions reported ≥1 noncountable case. Of 60 programs surveyed, 34 (56.7%) responded. Of the 34 programs that responded, 24 (70.6%) had not reported all their noncountable cases to NTSS, and 11 (32.4%) stated that reporting noncountable cases was overly burdensome, considering the cases were not funded. Conclusions: Complete data on noncountable TB cases help support estimates of programmatic burden. Ongoing training and a streamlined reporting system to NTSS can facilitate noncountable case reporting.
Self-administered acupressure for knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Yeung Wing-Fai , Suen Lorna Kwai-Ping , Chong Tsz Chung , Ho Yuan-Shan , Yu Branda Yee-Man , Chan Lily Ying-Tung , Chen Hai-Yong , Lao Li-Xing 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To test the acceptability and feasibility of self-administered acupressure as an intervention for knee pain among middle-aged and older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 35 participants with KOA were randomized to receive self-administered acupressure (n = 17, two self-administered acupressure training sessions followed by self-practice for 6 weeks) or knee health education (n = 18, two health education sessions about KOA management followed by self-care for 6 weeks). Current pain intensity (primary outcome) was measured using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6 (post-intervention). Secondary outcome measures included worst and least pain intensity, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), range of motion (ROM) of the knee joints and Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D) scores for health-related quality of life. Results: Participants in both groups attended all training sessions. In the self-administered acupressure group, all subjects mastered the acupressure technique and passed a consistency check. Both groups showed a decreasing trend in current knee pain intensity measured using NRS post-intervention. A medium between-group effect size (0.40) was found, but between-group differences were not statistically significant. The other secondary outcome measures were also comparable between both groups post-intervention (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: A two-session self-administered acupressure training was acceptable to and feasible in participants with KOA. The data generated allowed for calculation of a sample size for a definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT) to confirm whether self-acupressure is effective for pain management in KOA. Furthermore trials with adequate power and longer follow-up periods are warranted.
Pembrolizumab-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Dickey Marcus SR , Raina Anant J , Gilbar Peter J , Wisniowski Brendan L , Collins Joel T , Karki Bhaskar , Nguyen Andrew DK 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Pembrolizumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting the receptor programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), with anti-tumour activity demonstrated for many malignancies. Such immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with many immune-related adverse events including rash, colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, endocrinopathy and, rarely, haematological adverse events, including immune-related thrombocytopenia. Case report We report a 60-year-old female with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab every three weeks. Following her fifth cycle, she presented to our hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. Thrombocytopenia developed the next day and, after detailed investigations, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was diagnosed. Management and outcome Pembrolizumab was immediately ceased and plasma exchange commenced along with IV methylprednisolone 250 mg daily for three days followed by oral prednisolone. After five days of plasma exchange, platelet counts normalised and haemolytic anaemia resolved. Discussion Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is an autoimmune disorder caused by an inhibitory autoantibody against ADAMTS-13. While most cases of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura are idiopathic, certain conditions (e.g. bacterial infection, autoimmune disorders, malignancies) and medications are associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Other potential causes were eliminated in our patient. As acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is an autoimmune disorder, pembrolizumab, given its unique mechanism of action and association with immune-related adverse events, is believed to be implicated in the development of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This case is one of only two linking anti-PD-1 therapy to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura development (the other occurring in a patient on nivolumab plus ipilimumab). Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is life-threatening and clinicians are advised to be aware of its possible occurrence in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients.
A Theory-Driven Algorithm for Real-Time Crime Hot Spot Forecasting
Authors: Lee YongJei , SooHyun O , Eck John E. 
Published: November 2019

Real-time crime hot spot forecasting presents challenges to policing. There is a high volume of hot spot misclassifications and a lack of theoretical support for forecasting algorithms, especially in disciplines outside the fields of criminology and criminal justice. Transparency is particularly important as most hot spot forecasting models do not provide their underlying mechanisms. To address these challenges, we operationalize two different theories in our algorithm to forecast crime hot spots over Portland and Cincinnati. First, we use a population heterogeneity framework to find places that are consistent hot spots. Second, we use a state dependence model of the number of crimes in the time periods prior to the predicted month. This algorithm is implemented in Excel, making it extremely simple to apply and completely transparent. Our forecasting models show high accuracy and high efficiency in hot spot forecasting in both Portland and Cincinnati context. We suggest previously developed hot spot forecasting models need to be reconsidered.
Anatomical anterior and posterior reconstruction for scapholunate dissociation: preliminary outcome in ten patients
Authors: Sandow Michael , Fisher Thomas 
Published: November 2019

This study reviews the efficacy of a reconstruction to address scapholunate dissociation using an anterior and posterior approach with a hybrid synthetic tape/tendon weave between the trapezium, scaphoid, lunate and radius: an anatomical front and back (ANAFAB) repair. This repair is a compilation of the components of a number of previously reported repair techniques, and based on published kinematic evidence. It aims to restore the anatomical mechanical constraints on both anterior and posterior aspects of the carpus. Patients were immobilized in a cast for 6 weeks, but no stabilizing wires were used. Ten patients have undergone the reconstruction and were assessed at a minimum 24-month follow-up. They achieved excellent realignment of the carpus, a postoperative median scapholunate gap of 3 mm and a recovery of more than 75% of grip strength and range of motion. No patient required secondary surgery or treatment related to the carpal stabilization. Level of evidence: IV
From guidelines to clinical practice: a roadmap for oncologists for nutrition therapy for cancer patients
Authors: Muscaritoli Maurizio , Arends Jann , Aapro Matti 
Published: November 2019

Tackling malnutrition in cancer patients remains one of the most challenging tasks in clinical practice. Even though robust evidence exists stressing the role of nutritional status in relation to treatment outcome, its appropriate consideration in clinical practice is often lacking. In this review, we discuss the significance of nutritional status and of malnutrition for the cancer patient. Drawn from experience and from current recommendations of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), we propose concrete and manageable steps to routinely incorporate nutritional aspects in today’s oncological clinical practice.
Clinical Recommendations for the Use of the Ambulatory Glucose Profile in Diabetes Care
Authors: Kröger Jens , Reichel Andreas , Siegmund Thorsten , Ziegler Ralph 
Published: November 2019

Background: The ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) uses the wealth of data that are generated by continuous glucose monitoring, including flash glucose monitoring technologies, to provide a visual representation of glucose levels over a typical standard day of usually the most recent two weeks for a person with diabetes and helps to identify patterns and trends in glucose control. The AGP allows certain patterns of glucose levels to be identified and analyzed, such that treatment adjustments can be made, and new individual treatment goals can be defined. This helps to ensure increased treatment satisfaction and adherence, quality of life, and an improvement in metabolic management for people with diabetes. Objective: To date, a range of approaches exists for interpreting the information contained in an AGP, with different priorities given to identifying and targeting patterns of hypoglycemia and the degree of variability and stability underlying the glucose levels. The objective of the present recommendation is to describe the steps for assessing an AGP in detail and to illustrate these steps using visual examples. Conclusion: This paper describes the consensus recommendations from a group of German expert diabetologists on the necessary steps for assessing an AGP in a structured and detailed way and to explain these steps using practical clinical examples.
Impact of Controlling Abnormal Joint Movement on the Effectiveness of Subsequent Exercise Intervention in Mouse Models of Early Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Oka Yuichiro , Murata Kenji , Kano Takuma , Ozone Kaichi , Arakawa Kohei , Kokubun Takanori , Kanemura Naohiko 
Published: November 2019

Objective Moderate mechanical stress is necessary for preserving the cartilage. The clinician empirically understands that prescribing only exercise will progress osteoarthritis (OA) for knee OA patients with abnormal joint movement. When prescribing exercise for OA, we hypothesized that degeneration of articular cartilage could be further prevented by combining interventions with the viewpoint of normalizing joint movement. Design Twelve-week-old ICR mice underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACL-T) surgery in their right knee and divided into 4 groups: ACL-T, controlled abnormal joint movement (CAJM), ACL-T with exercise (ACL-T/Ex), CAJM with exercise (CAJM/Ex). Animals in the walking group were subjected to treadmill exercise 6 weeks after surgery, which included walking for 18 m/min, 30 min/d, 3 d/wk for 4 weeks. Joint instability was measured by anterior drawer test, and safranin-O staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score of ACL-T/Ex group showed highest among 4 groups ( P < 0.001). And CAJM/Ex group was lower than ACL-T/Ex group. Positive cell ratio of IL-1β and MMP-13 in CAJM/Ex group was lower than ACL-T/Ex group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions We found that the state of the intra-articular environment can greatly influence the effect of exercise on cartilage degeneration, even if exercise is performed under the same conditions. In the CAJM/Ex group where joint movement was normalized, abnormal mechanical stress such as shear force and compression force accompanying ACL cutting was alleviated. These findings may highlight the need to consider an intervention to correct abnormal joint movement before prescribing physical exercise in the treatment of OA.
Small vessel disease is associated with an unfavourable outcome in stroke patients on oral anticoagulation
Authors: Hert Lisa , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Schaedelin Sabine , Lieb Johanna , Seiffge David J. , Traenka Christopher , Fladt Joachim , Thilemann Sebastian , Gensicke Henrik , De Marchis Gian Marco , Bonati Leo , Lyrer Philippe , Engelter Stefan T. , Peters Nils 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Cerebral small vessel disease is an important cause for both ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage. To date, knowledge on the impact of small vessel disease on the clinical course in stroke patients treated with oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation is limited. Patients and Methods Registry-based prospective observational study of 320 patients (aged 78.2 ± 9.2 years) treated with anticoagulation following atrial fibrillation stroke. Patients underwent standardised magnetic-resonance-imaging assessing measures of small vessel disease, including cerebral microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities. Median follow-up was 754 (interquartile range = [708–828]) days. Using adjusted logistic and Cox regression, we assessed the association of imaging measures with clinical outcome including recurrent ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage and death and assessed disability (modified Rankin Scale). Results Overall, recurrent ischaemic stroke was more common than intracranial haemorrhage (22 versus 8, respectively). Cerebral microbleeds were related to an increased risk of the composite endpoint (ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, death: odds ratio (OR) 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–3.31; P = 0.003), as were white matter hyperintensities (OR 2.00, 95%CI 1.23–3.27, P = 0.005). This was also true in time-to-event analysis (cerebral microbleeds: HR 2.31, 95%CI 1.39–3.52; P < 0.001; white matter hyperintensities: HR 1.99, 95%CI 1.20–3.17; P = 0.007). Both measures were associated with an increased risk for recurrent ischaemic stroke (cerebral microbleeds: HR 4.42, 95%CI 1.07–18.20; P = 0.04; white matter hyperintensities: HR 5.27, 95%CI 1.08–25.79, P = 0.04) and intracranial haemorrhage (cerebral microbleeds: HR 2.43, 95%CI 1.04–5.69; P = 0.04; white matter hyperintensities: HR 2.57, 95%CI 1.11–5.98, P = 0.03). Furthermore, confluent white matter hyperintensities were associated with increased disability (OR 4.03; 95%CI 2.16–7.52; P < 0.001) and mortality (HR 1.81, 95%CI 1.04–3.14, P = 0.04). Discussion and conclusion In atrial fibrillation stroke patients treated with oral anticoagulation, small vessel disease is associated with an unfavourable outcome. The presence of microbleeds indicated a risk higher for recurrent ischaemic stroke than for intracranial haemorrhage.