bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFYING THE UNKNOWN SOURCE OF A PRE-RAMEAU HARMONIC THEORIST: WHO WAS ALEXANDER MALCOLM'S MYSTERIOUS GHOSTWRITER?
Authors: TELESCO PAULA J. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAlexander Malcolm (1685–1763) published his monumentalTreatise of Musickin Edinburgh in 1721, one year before Rameau published hisTraité de l'harmonie. Malcolm's was the first important work on music theory published in Scotland, and it established his musical reputation, influencing theorists and historians for almost a hundred years, both in Europe and in the American colonies. Sir John Hawkins deemed it ‘one of the most valuable treatises on the subject of theoretical and practical music to be found in any of the modern languages’. Malcolm's chapter 13 is often cited by music theorists for anticipating the writings of Rameau. However, Malcolm's Introduction states that the thirteenth chapter was communicated to him by a ‘modest’ friend. Identifying this friend necessitated first determining the author(s) of two rare anonymous contemporaneous treatises, remarkably similar to each other, and one nearly identical to Malcolm's chapter 13. Several writers have speculated on possible authors – two in particular, Alexander Baillie and Alexander Bayne – but none has provided actual evidence. This study identifies the author of these two hitherto anonymous treatises: Malcolm's modest friend.
Island Rainfall Enhancement in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Ruppert James H. , Chen Xingchao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe hypothesis that the islands of the Maritime Continent (MC) enhance total rainfall and time‐mean upward motion is tested using a convection‐permitting regional model. Sensitivity experiments with the islands removed greatly diminish both rainfall and upward motion, supporting the hypothesis. We examine the individual factors in this enhancement, isolating the impacts of the diurnal cycle from those of basic‐state (i.e., constant) forcing of orography and the land surface. We find that the basic‐state forcing by land is the only factor that substantially enhances total island rainfall, specifically through the enhancement of mean surface heat fluxes. The diurnal cycle and orographic forcing, however, substantially enhance rainfall in the seas surrounding the islands. Moreover, the diurnal cycle is found to be essential for promoting mesoscale circulations on the spatial scales of the islands, which are critical to both the upscale growth of deep convection and the most extreme rainfall rates.
Interannual Variabilities of Nutrients and Phytoplankton off the Changjiang Estuary in Response to Changing River Inputs
Authors: Ge Jianzhong , Shi Shenyang , Liu Jie , Xu Yi , Chen Changsheng , Bellerby Richard , Ding Pingxing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCoastal ecosystems are strongly influenced by terrestrial inputs of freshwater, sediments, and nutrients, particularly in a megariver estuary of the Changjiang River. A remarkable increase in nutrient loading from the Changjiang River to the shelf has been observed over the period from 1999 to 2016 and turned the region into a high eutrophication condition. The Finite‐Volume Community Ocean Model and the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model were coupled to assess the impact of the nutrient loading on the interannual variability of nutrients and phytoplankton. The model was first validated via observational data, and then dynamical analysis were conducted. Singular vector decomposition analysis indicated that the rapid change of local ecosystem was highly correlated with the change in river nutrient contributions. The Changjiang estuarine ecosystem was phosphate limited. The phosphate exhibited local variation, while the abundant nitrate from the river was diluted by the low‐nitrate oceanic water. The suspended sediment was significantly correlated with phytoplankton but not with nutrients. The ratio of diatom biomass to dinoflagellate biomass respected a rapid response to strong oscillations in the river nutrient input. High diatom primary production occurred near the sediment front, whereas the dinoflagellate bloom extended significantly offshore. The spring diatom and dinoflagellate blooms had major peaks in the empirical orthogonal function Modes 1 and 2, and the autumn bloom is characterized by secondary peaks from Mode 2 in the autumn.
An ultra-compact particle size analyser using a CMOS image sensor and machine learning
Authors: Hussain Rubaiya , Alican Noyan Mehmet , Woyessa Getinet , Retamal Marín Rodrigo R. , Antonio Martinez Pedro , Mahdi Faiz M. , Finazzi Vittoria , Hazlehurst Thomas A. , Hunter Timothy N. , Coll Tomeu , Stintz Michael , Muller Frans , Chalkias Georgios , Pruneri Valerio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLight scattering is a fundamental property that can be exploited to create essential devices such as particle analysers. The most common particle size analyser relies on measuring the angle-dependent diffracted light from a sample illuminated by a laser beam. Compared to other non-light-based counterparts, such a laser diffraction scheme offers precision, but it does so at the expense of size, complexity and cost. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a new particle size analyser in a collimated beam configuration using a consumer electronic camera and machine learning. The key novelty is a small form factor angular spatial filter that allows for the collection of light scattered by the particles up to predefined discrete angles. The filter is combined with a light-emitting diode and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor array to acquire angularly resolved scattering images. From these images, a machine learning model predicts the volume median diameter of the particles. To validate the proposed device, glass beads with diameters ranging from 13 to 125 µm were measured in suspension at several concentrations. We were able to correct for multiple scattering effects and predict the particle size with mean absolute percentage errors of 5.09% and 2.5% for the cases without and with concentration as an input parameter, respectively. When only spherical particles were analysed, the former error was significantly reduced (0.72%). Given that it is compact (on the order of ten cm) and built with low-cost consumer electronics, the newly designed particle size analyser has significant potential for use outside a standard laboratory, for example, in online and in-line industrial process monitoring.
Selected discoveries from human research in space that are relevant to human health on Earth
Authors: Shelhamer Mark , Bloomberg Jacob , LeBlanc Adrian , Prisk G. Kim , Sibonga Jean , Smith Scott M. , Zwart Sara R. , Norsk Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA substantial amount of life-sciences research has been performed in space since the beginning of human spaceflight. Investigations into bone loss, for example, are well known; other areas, such as neurovestibular function, were expected to be problematic even before humans ventured into space. Much of this research has been applied research, with a primary goal of maintaining the health and performance of astronauts in space, as opposed to research to obtain fundamental understanding or to translate to medical care on Earth. Some people—scientists and concerned citizens—have questioned the broader scientific value of this research, with the claim that the only reason to perform human research in space is to keep humans healthy in space. Here, we present examples that demonstrate that, although this research was focused on applied goals for spaceflight participants, the results of these studies are of fundamental scientific and biomedical importance. We will focus on results from bone physiology, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, and neurovestibular studies. In these cases, findings from spaceflight research have provided a foundation for enhancing healthcare terrestrially and have increased our knowledge of basic physiological processes.
Speleothem growth intervals reflect New Zealand montane vegetation response to temperature change over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Hellstrom John , Sniderman Kale , Drysdale Russell , Couchoud Isabelle , Hartland Adam , Pearson Andrew , Bajo Petra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlowstone speleothem growth beneath Mount Arthur, New Zealand shows a clear relationship to vegetation density and soil development on the surface above. Flowstone does not currently form beneath sub-alpine Nothofagus forest above ca. 1000–1100 m altitude but U-Th dating shows it has formed there during past intervals of warmer-than-present conditions including an early–mid Holocene optimum and the last interglacial from ca. 131–119 ka. Some flowstones growing beneath ca. 600 m surface altitude, currently mantled with dense broadleaf-podocarp forest, grew during full glacial conditions, indicating that local tree line was never below this altitude. This implies that Last Glacial Maximum annual temperature was no more than ca. 4 °C cooler than today. Flowstone growth appears to be a robust indicator of dense surface vegetation and well-developed soil cover in this setting, and indicates that past interglacial climates of MIS 7e, 5e, the early–mid Holocene and possibly MIS 5a were more conducive to growth of trees than was the late Holocene, reflecting regional temperature changes similar in timing to Antarctic temperature changes. Here, flowstone speleothem growth is a sensitive indicator of vegetation density at high altitude, but may respond to other factors at lower altitudes.
Expression of RcHSP70, heat shock protein 70 gene from Chinese rose, enhances host resistance to abiotic stresses
Authors: Jiang Changhua , Bi Yuke , Zhang Ruyao , Feng Shucheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere exist differences in the heat tolerance of Chinese rose varieties, and high temperature in summer can lead to failure of blooming in non-heat-tolerant Chinese rose varieties. We cloned a heat shock protein 70 gene (designated RcHSP70) from heat-tolerant varieties of Chinese rose (Rosa hybrida L.) to elucidate the molecular mechanism of heat tolerance and improve the quality of Chinese rose. Degenerate primers were designed for RcHSP70 according to the 5′- and 3′-end sequences of HSP70 genes in apple and tea. RcHSP70 was cloned from heat-tolerant Chinese rose varieties after heat shock. The heat shock-induced expression patterns of RcHSP70 in different Chinese rose varieties were analyzed by RT-PCR. Following heat shock (38 °C/3 h), RcHSP70 was highly expressed in the heat-tolerant varieties but not in the non-heat-tolerant varieties, indicating a close relationship between RcHSP70 and heat resistance in Chinese rose. To verify the function of RcHSP70, we constructed a prokaryotic expression recombinant vector for this gene and transformed it into Escherichia coli BL21. The tolerance of recombinant strains to abiotic stresses, including high temperature, low temperature, high salt, heavy metals, high pH, and oxidation, was evaluated. Additionally, RcHSP70 was transformed into tobacco plants. Because of the overexpression of this gene, transgenic tobacco plants improved their tolerance to high temperature and cold. In addition, transgenic tobacco showed better photosynthetic performance, relative electrical conductivity and proline content than wild tobacco after heat stress and cold stress. Our findings indicate that RcHSP70 is involved in the resistance of Chinese rose to abiotic stresses.
An interspecific variation in rhizosphere effects on soil anti-erodibility
Authors: Wang Zhenhong , Chiarucci Alessandro , Fang Hong , Chen Mouhui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoil erosion due to underground leakage is a major factor causing land degradation in karst regions. Rhizosphere effects (REs) on soil anti-erodibility (SAE) can alleviate this type of soil erosion by improving soil physical processes such as aggregate stability. However, the magnitudes and causes of interspecific variation in REs on SAE remain unclear. We tested the rhizosphere SAE indices of 42 key woody species distributed worldwide. Biologically active matter (BAM) and analogs of antibiotics (AOAs) that affect the SAE in rhizosphere soils were tested by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We then used principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RA) to establish a spectrum of interspecific variability in the REs for the first time. The spectrum shows a gradient of change among species. Eleven species exerted negative REs on the SAE, while the remaining species showed positive effects along the spectrum. The species with large positive effects were mostly deciduous, which have high contents of both BAM and total organic matter and low contents of AOAs in their rhizosphere soil; compared with the other species tested, these species also have more leaves and roots and are better adapted to barren soils. The botanical characteristics of species with negative REs on the SAE differed from those with large positive effects. The contents of BAM in the rhizosphere accounted for 16–23% of the total variation in REs on the SAE. This study quantified interspecific variation in REs and identified root exudates with negative REs.
CNN3 acts as a potential oncogene in cervical cancer by affecting RPLP1 mRNA expression
Authors: Xia Lili , Yue Yongfang , Li Mingyue , Zhang Ya-Nan , Zhao Lu , Lu Weiguo , Wang Xinyu , Xie Xing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe prognosis of advanced stage cervical cancer is poorer due to cancer invasion and metastasis. Exploring new factors and signalling pathways associated with invasiveness and metastasis would help to identify new therapeutic targets for advanced cervical cancer. We searched the cancer microarray database, Oncomine, and found elevated calponin 3 (CNN3) mRNA expression in cervical cancer tissues. QRT-PCR verified the increased CNN3 expression in cervical cancer compared to para-cancer tissues. Proliferation, migration and invasion assays showed that overexpressed CNN3 promoted the viability and motility of cervical cancer cells, the opposite was observed in CNN3-knockdown cells. In addition, xenografted tumours, established from SiHa cells with CNN3 knockdown, displayed decreased growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing showed that ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P1 (RPLP1) was a potential downstream gene. Gene function experiments revealed that RPLP1 had the same biological effects as CNN3 did. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the phenotypes inhibited by CNN3 silencing were partly or completely reversed by RPLP1 overexpression. In conclusion, we verified that CNN3 acts as an oncogene to promote the viability and motility of cervical cancer cells in vitro and accelerate the growth and metastasis of xenografted tumours in vivo, by affecting RPLP1 expression.
Assessment of recombinant protein production in E. coli with Time-Gated Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TG-SERS)
Authors: Kögler Martin , Itkonen Jaakko , Viitala Tapani , Casteleijn Marco G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTime-Gated Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) was utilized to assess recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. TG-SERS suppressed the fluorescence signal from the biomolecules in the bacteria and the culture media. Characteristic protein signatures at different time points of the cell cultivation were observed and compared to conventional continuous wave (CW)-Raman with SERS. TG-SERS can distinguish discrete features of proteins such as the secondary structures and is therefore indicative of folding or unfolding of the protein. A novel method utilizing nanofibrillar cellulose as a stabilizing agent for nanoparticles and bacterial cells was used for the first time in order to boost the Raman signal, while simultaneously suppressing background signals. We evaluated the expression of hCNTF, hHspA1, and hHsp27 in complex media using the batch fermentation mode. HCNTF was also cultivated using EnBase in a fed-batch like mode. HspA1 expressed poorly due to aggregation problems within the cell, while hCNTF expressed in batch mode was correctly folded and protein instabilities were identified in the EnBase cultivation. Time-gated Raman spectroscopy showed to be a powerful tool to evaluate protein production and correct folding within living E. coli cells during the cultivation.
Toxic tall fescue grazing increases susceptibility of the Angus steer fecal microbiota and plasma/urine metabolome to environmental effects
Authors: Mote Ryan S. , Hill Nicholas S. , Skarlupka Joseph H. , Tran ViLinh T. , Walker Douglas I. , Turner Zachary B. , Sanders Zachary P. , Jones Dean P. , Suen Garret , Filipov Nikolay M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImpaired thermoregulation and lowered average daily gains (ADG) result when livestock graze toxic endophyte (Epichloë coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (E+) and are hallmark signs of fescue toxicosis (FT), a disease exacerbated by increased temperature and humidity (+temperature-humidity index; +THI). We previously reported FT is associated with metabolic and microbiota perturbations under thermoneutral conditions; here, we assessed the influence of E+ grazing and +THI on the microbiota:metabolome interactions. Using high-resolution metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, plasma/urine metabolomes and the fecal microbiota of Angus steers grazing non-toxic or E+ tall fescue were evaluated in the context of +THI. E+ grazing affected the fecal microbiota profile; +THI conditions modulated the microbiota only in E+ steers. E+ also perturbed many metabolic pathways, namely amino acid and inflammation-related metabolism; +THI affected these pathways only in E+ steers. Integrative analyses revealed the E+ microbiota correlated and co-varied with the metabolomes in a THI-dependent manner. Operational taxonomic units in the families Peptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Ruminococcaceae correlated with production parameters (e.g., ADG) and with multiple plasma/urine metabolic features, providing putative FT biomarkers and/or targets for the development of FT therapeutics. Overall, this study suggests that E+ grazing increases Angus steer susceptibility to +THI, and offers possible targets for FT interventions.
Relative roles of biological and physical processes influencing coral recruitment during the lag phase of reef community recovery
Authors: Gouezo Marine , Olsudong Dawnette , Fabricius Katharina , Harrison Peter , Golbuu Yimnang , Doropoulos Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFollowing disturbances, corals recolonize space through the process of recruitment consisting of the three phases of propagule supply, settlement, and post-settlement survival. Yet, each phase is influenced by biophysical factors, leading to recruitment success variability through space. To resolve the relative contributions of biophysical factors on coral recruitment, the recovery of a 150 km long coral reefs in Palau was investigated after severe typhoon disturbances. Overall, we found that benthic organisms had a relatively weak interactive influence on larval settlement rates at the scale of individual tiles, with negative effects mainly exerted from high wave exposure for Acropora corals. In contrast, juvenile coral densities were well predicted by biophysical drivers, through both direct and indirect pathways. High densities of Acropora and Poritidae juveniles were directly explained by the availability of substrata free from space competitors. Juvenile Montipora were found in higher densities where coralline algae coverage was high, which occurred at reefs with high wave exposure, while high densities of juvenile Pocilloporidae occurred on structurally complex reefs with high biomass of bioeroder fish. Our findings demonstrate that strengths of biophysical interactions were taxon-specific and had cascading effects on coral recruitment, which need consideration for predicting reef recovery and conservation strategies.
Denosumab for dialysis patients with osteoporosis: A cohort study
Authors: Kunizawa Kyohei , Hiramatsu Rikako , Hoshino Junichi , Mizuno Hiroki , Ozawa Yuko , Sekine Akinari , Kawada Masahiro , Sumida Keiichi , Hasegawa Eiko , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Hayami Noriko , Suwabe Tatsuya , Sawa Naoki , Ubara Yoshifumi , Takaichi Kenmei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEvidence for the efficacy of denosumab in HD patients is limited. Accordingly, here we report a study on the safety and efficacy of denosumab in these patients. We prospectively followed 324 patients (121 HD and 203 non-HD patients) receiving denosumab between June 2013 and May 2018, assessing changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic markers, and noting side-effects. Annual changes in BMD at the lumbar spine in HD and non-HD patients from baseline were, respectively, 6.7 ± 11.1% and 7.5 ± 10.2% (p = 0.60), those at the femoral neck were 4.3 ± 7.9% and 3.1 ± 9.5% (p = 0.32), and those at the distal radius were −0.5 ± 6.4% and 0.2 ± 13.0% (p = 0.66). The prevalence of hypocalcemia (<8.5 mg/dL) was significantly higher in HD than in non-HD patients (35.6% vs 5.4%, p < 0.001). The median elapsed time between the first injection of denosumab and the occurrence of hypocalcemia was 7 days in HD patients. The decrease of serum calcium was greater in patients with higher TRACP5b, corticosteroid use, and those without CaCO3 supplementation. Our study suggests that denosumab was equally as effective in HD as non-HD patients. However, careful hypocalcemia monitoring, for at least 4 weeks, is recommended for HD patients.
Elevated HbA1c is not associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism in the elderly, but with all-cause mortality– the SWEETCO 65+ study
Authors: Mathis Alexandra , Villiger Lukas , Reiner Martin F. , Egloff Michael , Schmid Hans Ruedi , Stivala Simona , Limacher Andreas , Mean Marie , Aujesky Drahomir , Rodondi Nicolas , Angelillo-Scherrer Anna , Righini Marc , Staub Daniel , Aschwanden Markus , Frauchiger Beat , Osterwalder Joseph , Kucher Nils , Matter Christian M. , Banyai Martin , Hugli Oliver , Beer Juerg H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe association of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and death in the elderly is unknown. In the SWEETCO 65+ study we analyzed prospectively a Swiss Cohort of Elderly Patients with Venous Thromboembolism (SWITCO 65+). 888 patients were enrolled for the SWEETCO 65+ analysis. HbA1c was determined at baseline and divided into three categories (HbA1c < 5.7%, normal range; 5.7–6.49%, pre-diabetic range; and >6.5%, diabetic range). Median follow-up was 2.5 years. The primary endpoint was recurrent VTE. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality and major bleeds. The total prevalence of diabetes was 22.1%. The risk of recurrent VTE was similar in patients with HbA1c with pre-diabetes (adjusted subhazard ratio (aSHR) 1.07 [0.70 to 1.63]) and diabetes (aSHR 0.73 [0.39 to 1.37]) as compared to those with a HbA1c in the normal range. However, a HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (median IQ range 7.0 [6.70;7.60]) was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.83 [1.21 to 2.75]). In summary we found no association between HbA1c and major bleeding. Elevated HbA1c levels are not associated with recurrent VTE but with increased all-cause mortality in an elderly population with acute VTE.