bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bent Tibial Nail with Refracture: A Cost-Effective Removal Method
Authors: Pathak Subodh Kumar , Gautam Rakesh Kumar , Anjum Rashid , Sharma Aryan 
Published: June 2020

Case:
A 45-year old man presented with a right open tibial fracture with a prominent, fixed deformity because of a retained right tibial intramedullary nail from a previous tibial fracture. After multiple futile intraoperative attempts to extract the bent nail, it was finally sectioned using an industrial drill bit that permitted its removal and revision tibial nailing.

Conclusions:
A tibial fracture resulting in a retained, bent nail presents unique challenges for nail extraction and subsequent exchange nailing. Failed implant removal can be limited by the equipment available in the operating theater. In this setting, the judicious use of inexpensive industrial materials and instruments may be effective in select cases.
Unintentional Epidural Anesthesia Mimicking Cauda Equina Syndrome from Suprafascial Injection of Liposomal Bupivacaine After Lumbar Foraminotomy
Authors: Bodendorfer Blake M. , Shu Henry T. , Lee Catherine S. , Ivey Jessica , Mo Fred F. , Wall Russell T. 
Published: June 2020

Case:
This case report describes a 46-year-old woman undergoing right-sided L5 to S1 decompression who received liposomal bupivacaine (LB) for postoperative analgesia and developed unintentional epidural anesthesia with symptoms mimicking cauda equina syndrome. The patient's symptoms resolved 72 hours postoperatively, approximately the length that LB typically lasts. At the 16-month follow-up, the patient demonstrated complete neurological function with no lower extremity strength or sensation deficits.

Conclusions:
Tracking of LB into the epidural space after lumbar surgery may cause transient epidural anesthesia with symptoms that mimic cauda equina syndrome.
Clinical outcome of surgical management for symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression form prostate cancer.
Authors: Miyoshi Yasuhide , Kawahara Takashi , Yao Masahiro , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) from prostate cancer (PC) influences not only patients’ prognosis but also their quality of life. However, little is known about the clinical outcome of surgery for MSCC from PC. We evaluated both the oncological and functional outcomes of decompression and reconstruction surgery for patients with symptomatic MSCC from PC. Methods We assessed 19 patients who underwent decompression and reconstruction surgery for symptomatic MSCC from PC. Of these 19 patients, 8 had metastatic hormone-naïve PC (mHNPC) and 11 had metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). Results The median age of the patients with mHNPC and mCRPC was 72 and 65 years, respectively. The median prostate-specific antigen level at the time of diagnosis of MSCC in patients with mHNPC and mCRPC was 910 and 67 ng/mL, respectively. Although two of eight patients (25.0%) with mHNPC were ambulatory preoperatively, six patients (75.0%) were ambulatory postoperatively. Among 11 patients with mCRPC, only 3 (27.3%) were ambulatory preoperatively, while 6 (54.5%) were ambulatory postoperatively. The median postoperative overall survival among patients with mHNPC and mCRPC were not reached and 8 months, respectively. Conclusions Decompression and reconstruction surgery for symptomatic MSCC from PC might contribute to a favorable functional outcome among men with mHNPC and mCRPC. However, its role in improving the oncological outcome remains unclear. The treatment strategy should be chosen by shared decision-making among patients, urologists, radiation oncologists, and orthopedic surgeons.
An Endostatin-Lentivirus (ES-LV)-EPC Gene Therapy Agent for Suppression of Neovascularization in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Rat Model
Authors: Ai Jing , Ma Jian , Chen Zhi-Qing , Sun Jun-Hui , Yao Ke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Transplantation of gene transfected endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has provided novel methods for tumor neovascularization therapy but not for ocular disease therapy. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of endostatin transfected EPCs in retinal neovascularization therapy. Results: Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed the high expression of endostatin in endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs. The neovascularization leakage area and the number of preretinal neovascular cell nuclei were significantly decreased in the endostatin-lentivirus and endostatin-lentivirus-EPC groups, and the effects of these two treatments on inhibiting retinal neovascularization were almost the same. These two groups also showed the greater retinal distribution of endostatin. Intravitreal injections of endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs inhibited retinal neovascularization, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 expression, and increased endostatin expression in vivo. Endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs targeted and prevented pathologic retinal neovascularization. Conclusions: Gene-combined EPCs represent a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of neovascular eye diseases.
Patient Outcomes in Anteromedial Osteoarthritis Patients Over 80 Years Old Undergoing Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in China
Authors: Cheng Jingbo , Feng Mingli , Cao Guanglei , Li Zheng , An Shuai , Lu Shibao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) has increased rapidly in both Western and Asian populations, with excellent functional outcomes and high patient satisfaction. While previous evidence regarding clinical outcomes and survival rates after Oxford UKA was based on studies in Western populations, the results may be different in Asian patients. The relevance of age for postoperative function after Oxford UKA also remains unclear. Hence, the aim of our study was to clarify the effectiveness and safety of Oxford UKA in Asian patients aged over 80 years.Methods: A retrospective review was performed and included 195 patients (209 knees) who underwent an Oxford UKA between June 2015 and July 2018. We divided the patients into three groups by age: Group 1, 60-69 years; Group 2, 70-79 years; and Group 3, over 80 years. We used the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) Universities Osteoarthritis Index score to evaluate the general condition of the patients’ knees before surgery and at last follow-up. We also recorded perioperative and short-term complications.Result: Group 1 consisted of 60 patients (60 knees); Group 2, 70 patients (79 knees); and Group 3, 65 patients (70 knees). The mean follow-up was 21.34 ± 12.04, 22.08 ± 11.38, and 21.76 ± 10.20 months in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At last follow-up, the patients in Group 3 showed lower function scores compared to groups 1 and 2 (P <0.05), but the HSS scores and the WOMAC scores were significantly improved in all three groups. In terms of perioperative and other complications, the three age groups did not differ significantly.Conclusion: Oxford UKA is an effective and safe treatment for osteoarthritis, even in elderly patients in China. Elderly patients have lower knee function scores than younger patients. However, the knee joint pain of the elderly patients was relieved and function improved compared to the preoperative condition.
Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis Relying on a Tuberculosis Dynamic Model Based on the Cases of American
Authors: Wu Yan , Huang Meng , Wang Ximei , Li Yong , Jiang Lei , Yuan Yuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) which is a preventable and curable disease, is claimed as the second largest number of fatalities and there are 9,025 cases reported in the United State in 2018. Many researches have done a lot of research and achieved remarkable results, but TB is also a serious problem for human being.The study is a further exploration. Methods: In the paper, we propose a new dynamic model to study the transmission dynamics of TB, then use global differential evolution and local sequential quadratic programming (DESQP) optimization algorithm to estimate parameters of the model. Finally, we use Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCC) to analyze the influence of parameters on the basic reproduction number (R0) and the total infectious (including the diagnosed, undiagnosed and incomplete treatment infectious), respectively. Results: By the research, the basic reproduction is computed as 2.3597 which means TB will be epidemic in US. The diagnosed rate is 0.6082 which means the undiagnosed will be diagnosed after 1.6442 years. The diagnosed will be recovered with an average of 1.9912 years, especially, some diagnosed will end the treatment after 1.7550 years, for some reasons. By the study, it’s shown that there are 2.4% of the recovered will be reactivated and 13.88% of the newborn will be vaccination. However, the immunity will be lose after about 19.6078 years. Conclusion: Through the results of this study, we give some suggestions to help prevent and control the TB epidemic in the United State, such as prolonging the protection period of the vaccine by developing new and more effective vaccines to prevent TB, using the chemoprophylaxis for incubation patients to prevent their conversion into active TB; raising people’s awareness of prevention and control of TB and treatment after illness; isolation treatment for the infected to reduce the spread of TB. According to the latest report, in the announcement came at the first WHO Global Ministerial Conference on Ending Tuberculosis in the Sustainable Development Era, we predict that it’s difficult to control TB in 2030.
Surgery Outcomes of Lamellar Macular Eyes with or without Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: xu hanyue , Qin Ling , Zhang Yifan , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare the visual outcomes and rate of restored ellipsoid zone (REZ) after surgery of lamellar macular hole (LMH) with and without lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP). Method: Publications up to November 2019 that compared the outcomes of LMH patients with and without LHEP who were managed by surgery were included. Forest plots were created using a weighted summary of proportion meta-analysis. A random effects mode was used and I2 heterogeneity estimates were calculated. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the stability of the meta-analysis. Result: Eight pertinent publications studying a total of 176 eyes without LHEP and 173 eyes with LHEP were identified. They were all retrospective studies and had a mean follow-up of at least 6 months. In all studies, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) had no significant differences before surgery and improved in both groups, and in two studies the post-operative BCVA had no significant differences between two groups. The rate of REZ were different among studies included. Meta-analytic pooling of the improved BCVA between with and without LHEP groups was 0.18 (95 % CI, 0.10 to 0.26; P< 0.01), and the pooled data revealed an odd ratio of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.26 to 2.44; p = 0.69) in the rate of REZ, comparing the group without LHEP and the group with LHEP. In conclusion, patients without LHEP had better postoperative BCVA than patients with LHEP. No significant difference was found in REZ among the two groups.
Identification of missense and synonymous variants in Iranian patients suffering from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Khadangi Fatemeh , Torkamanzehi Adam , Kerachian Mohammad Amin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the predominant type of inherited kidney disorder, occurs due to PKD1 and PKD2 gene mutations. ADPKD diagnosis is made primarily by kidney imaging. However, molecular genetic analysis is required to confirm the diagnosis. It is critical to perform a molecular genetic analysis when the imaging diagnosis is uncertain, particularly in simplex cases (i.e., a single occurrence in a family), in people with remarkably mild symptoms, or in individuals with atypical presentations. The main aim of this study is to determine the frequency of PKD1 gene mutations in Iranian patients with ADPKD diagnosis. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples from 22 ADPKD patients, who were referred to the Qaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. By using appropriate primers, 16 end exons of PKD1 gene that are regional hotspots, were replicated with PCR. Then, PCR products were subjected to DNA directional Sanger sequencing. Results: The DNA sequencing in the patients has shown that exons 35, 36 and 37 were non- polymorphic, and that most mutations had occurred in exons 44 and 45. In two patients, an exon-intron boundary mutation had occurred in intron 44. Most of the variants were missense and non-synonymous types. Conclusion: In the present study, we have shown the occurrence of nine novel missense or synonymous variants in PKD1 gene. These data could contribute to an improved diagnostic and genetic counseling in clinical settings.
Education and income-based inequality in tooth loss among Brazilian adults: does the place you live make a difference?
Authors: Ferreira Raquel , Senna Maria Inês Barreiros , Rodrigues Lorrany Gabriele , Campos Fernanda Lamounier , Martins Andrea Maria Eleuterio de Barros Lima , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in tooth loss might be minimized or potentialized by the characteristics of the context where people live. We examined whether there is contextual variation in socioeconomic inequalities in tooth loss across Brazilian municipalities. Methods: Data from the 2010 National Oral Health Survey of 9,633 adults living in 157 Brazilian municipalities were used. Education and household income were used as the individual socioeconomic indicators. At the municipal level, we used the Municipal Human Development Index (HDI) as our contextual indicator of socioeconomic status (low:<0.699 versus high: >0.70). The Relative (RII) and Slope (SII) Indexes of Inequality, Relative (RCI), and Absolute (ACI) Concentration Indexes were calculated to compare the magnitude of education and income-based inequalities among municipalities with low versus high HDI. Multilevel Poisson regression models with random intercepts and slopes were developed. Results: At the individual level, adults with lower education & income reported more tooth loss. The mean number of missing teeth was 9.52 (95%CI: 7.93-11.13) and 6.95 (95%CI: 6.43-7.49) in municipalities with low and high HDI, respectively. Municipalities with high HDI showed higher relative and absolute education-based inequality. For income-based inequalities, higher SII and RCI was observed in municipalities with lower HDI. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that high-education adults reported fewer missing teeth when they lived in municipalities with high HDI compared to adults with the same education level living in low HDI municipalities. For individuals with the lowest education level, there was no difference in the number of teeth between those from municipalities with high and low HDI. Conclusions: There was a social gradient in tooth loss by education and income. Living in disadvantaged municipalities cannot overcome the risk associated with low schooling. The protective effect of higher education can be reduced when people live in disadvantaged areas.
Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children of local farmers in Central Malawi
Authors: Chilanga Emmanuel , Collin-Vezina Delphine , MacIntosh Heather , Mitchel Claudia , Cherney Katrina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in Malawi, and especially among those from rural areas of central Malawi. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of malaria infection among children in rural areas of the Dowa district in central Malawi.Methods: A multistage cross-sectional study design was used to systematically sample 523 child‑mother dyads from postnatal clinics. A survey was administered to mothers and a rapid malaria infection diagnostic test was administered to children. The main outcome was positive malaria diagnostic tests in children. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors associated with malaria among children aged 2 to 59 months.Results: The prevalence of malaria among children under five years was 35.4%. Results suggest that children of mothers who experienced recent intimate partner violence were more likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.19–2.97; P = 0.007) than children of mothers who did not. Children of mothers who had no formal education were more likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.24–6.19; P = 0.013) than children of mothers who had received secondary education. Children aged 2 to 5 months and 6 to 11 months were less likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.10–0.46; P = 0.000 and AOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.85; P = 0.016, respectively) than children aged 24 to 59 months. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of malaria infection among children in the study area was comparable to the national level. In addition to available malaria control programs, further attention should be paid to children whose mothers have no formal education, children aged 24 to 59 months and children of mothers that are exposed to IPV in the area.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of the type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis based on 40 case–control studies
Authors: Zhai Na , Bidares Ramtin , Makoui Masoud Hassanzadeh , Aslani Saeed , Mohammadi Payam , Razi Bahman , Imani Danyal , Yazdchi Mohammad , Mikaeili Haleh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The association between the polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been evaluated in several studies. However, the findings were inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effect of VDR gene polymorphisms on the risk of T1DM.Methods: All relevant studies reporting the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to T1DM published up to May 2020 were identified by comprehensive systematic database search in ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE. Strength of association were assessed by calculating of pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. To find the potential sources of heterogeneity, meta-regression and subgroup analysis were also performed. Results: A total of 40 case–control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results of overall population rejected any significant association between VDR gene polymorphisms and T1DM risk. However, the pooled results of subgroup analysis revealed significant negative and positive associations between FokI and BsmI polymorphisms and T1DM in Africans and Americans, respectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested a significant association between VDR gene polymorphism and T1DM susceptibility in ethnic-specific analysis.
Prostaglandin insert Dinoprostone versus trans-cervical balloon catheter for out-patient labour induction: A randomised controlled trial of feasibility (PROBIT-F)
Authors: Bhide Amarnath , Sedgwick Philip , Barrett Barbara , Cupples Georgina , Coates Rose , Goode Rosie , Linton Sandra , McCourt Christine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The aim was to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of induction of labour comparing use of two methods in the out-patient setting. Methods An open-label feasibility RCT was conducted in two UK maternity units from October 2017 to March 2019. Women aged ≥16 years, undergoing Induction of labour (IOL) at term, with intact membranes and deemed suitable for out-patient IOL according to local guidelines were considered eligible. They were randomised to cervical ripening balloon catheter (CRB) or vaginal Dinoprostone (Propess). The participants completed a questionnaire and a sub-group underwent detailed interview. Service use and cost data were collected via the The Adult Service Use Schedule (AD-SUS). Women who declined to participate were requested to complete a decliners’ questionnaire. Results During the study period 274 eligible women were identified. 230 (83.9%) were approached for participation of whom 84/230 (36.5%) agreed and 146 did not. Of these, 38 were randomised to Propess (n=20) and CRB (n=18). Decliner data were collected for 93 women. The reasons for declining were declining IOL (n=22), preference for in-patient IOL (n=22) and preference for a specific method, propess (n=19). The intended sample size of 120 was not reached due to restrictive criteria for suitability for out-patient IOL, participant preference for propess and shortage of research staff. The intervention as randomised was received by 29/38 (76%) women. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was observed in 9/20 (45%) women in the Dinoprostone group, and 11/18 (61%) women in the CRB group. Severe maternal adverse events were recorded in one woman in each group. All babies were born with good condition and all except one (37/38, 97.4%) remained with the mother after delivery. No deaths were recorded. -21% of women in the Dinoprostone group were re-admitted prior to diagnosis of active labour compared to 12% in the CRB group. Conclusions A third of the approached eligible women agreed for randomisation. An RCT is not feasible in the current service context. Modifications to the eligibility criteria for out-patient IOL, better information provision and round the clock availability of research staff would be needed to reach sufficient numbers.
Identification of prognostic factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using long non-coding RNAs-associated ceRNA network
Authors: Kang Zhichen , Guo Lixin , Zhu Zhuo , Qu Rongfeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Accumulating amount of evidence has highlighted the important roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in tumor pathogenesis. However, the roles of long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the lncRNA-related ceRNA network of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) still remain enigmatic. The current study aims to identify prognostic factors in the lncRNA-related ceRNA network of ICC.Methods: The transcriptome sequencing data of lncRNAs, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miR) were downloaded from the SRA and TCGA databases. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), DEmiRs and DEmRNAs were identified and adopted to construct an lncRNA-miR-mRNA ceRNA network. ICC-associated DEmRNAs were adopted to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The expression of the top 6 genes in the hub module was validated with mRNA transcriptome sequencing data and ICC-related gene expression dataset GSE45001, followed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The relationship between the hub gene-associated ceRNA network and the overall survival of patients with ICC was predicted by conducting a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: Sixty co-expressed DEmRNAs were identified in the ceRNA network. The top 6 hub genes consisted of downregulated FOS, IGF2, FOXO1 and NTF3, upregulated IGF1R, and insignificantly downregulated HGF in ICC tissues, when compared to that of normal adjacent tissues, followed by the successful construction of lncRNA-miR-hub network consisting of 86 ceRNA modules. MME-AS1 and hsa-miR-182 were associated with overall survival in ICC patients. FOS, IGF1R, IGF2, FOXO1, and NTF3 might target “TGF-β signaling pathway”, “the hedgehog signaling pathway”, “retinol metabolism”, or “type II diabetes mellitus” pathways respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that FOS, IGF1R, IGF2, FOXO1, and NTF3 were useful prognostic factors in determining the prognosis of patients with ICC.