bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wobbly discs – corrugations seen in the dust lanes of edge-on galaxies
Authors: Narayan Chaitra A , Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen , Saha Kanak 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of small-scale bending waves, also known as corrugations, in the dust lanes of five nearby edge-on disc galaxies. This phenomenon, where the disc mid-plane bends to become wavy, just as in warps but on a smaller scale, is seen here for the first time, in the dust lanes running across the discs. Because they are seen in absorption, this feature must be present in the dust disc in the outskirts of these galaxies. We enhance the visibility of these features using unsharp masking, trace the dust mid-plane across the disc, measure the corrugation amplitude by eye and the corrugation wavelength using Fourier analysis. The corrugation amplitude is found to be in the range of 70–300pc and the wavelengths lie between 1 and 5 kpc. In this limited sample, we find that the amplitude of the corrugations tends to be larger for lower mass galaxies, whereas the wavelength of corrugation does not seem to depend on the mass of host galaxies. Linear stability analysis is performed to find out the dynamical state of these dust discs. Based on WKB analysis, we find that the dust corrugations in about half of our sample are stable. Further analysis, on a larger sample would be useful to strengthen the above results.
Multiple chemodynamic stellar populations of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Pace Andrew B , Kaplinghat Manoj , Kirby Evan , Simon Joshua D , Tollerud Erik , Muñoz Ricardo R , Côté Patrick , Djorgovski S G , Geha Marla 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a Bayesian method to identify multiple (chemodynamic) stellar populations in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) using velocity, metallicity, and positional stellar data without the assumption of spherical symmetry. We apply this method to a new Keck/Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) spectroscopic survey of the Ursa Minor (UMi) dSph. We identify 892 likely members, making this the largest UMi sample with line-of-sight velocity and metallicity measurements. Our Bayesian method detects two distinct chemodynamic populations with high significance (in logarithmic Bayes factor, ln B ∼ 33). The metal-rich ([Fe/H] = −2.05 ± 0.03) population is kinematically colder (radial velocity dispersion of $\sigma _v=4.9_{-1.0}^{+0.8} \, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$) and more centrally concentrated than the metal-poor ($[{\rm Fe/H}]=-2.29_{-0.06}^{+0.05}$) and kinematically hotter population ($\sigma _v =11.5_{-0.8}^{+0.9}\, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$). Furthermore, we apply the same analysis to an independent Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT)/Hectochelle data set and confirm the existence of two chemodynamic populations in UMi. In both data sets, the metal-rich population is significantly flattened (ϵ = 0.75 ± 0.03) and the metal-poor population is closer to spherical ($\epsilon =0.33_{-0.09}^{+0.12}$). Despite the presence of two populations, we are able to robustly estimate the slope of the dynamical mass profile. We found hints for prolate rotation of order ${\sim}2 \, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ in the MMT data set, but further observations are required to verify this. The flattened metal-rich population invalidates assumptions built into simple dynamical mass estimators, so we computed new astrophysical dark matter annihilation (J) and decay profiles based on the rounder, hotter metal-poor population and inferred $\log _{10}{(J(0{^{\circ}_{.}}5)/{\rm GeV^{2} \, cm^{-5}})}\approx 19.1$ for the Keck data set. Our results paint a more complex picture of the evolution of UMi than previously discussed.
Resolved observations at 31 GHz of spinning dust emissivity variations in ρ Oph
Authors: Arce-Tord Carla , Vidal Matias , Casassus Simon , Cárcamo Miguel , Dickinson Clive , Hensley Brandon S , Génova-Santos Ricardo , Bond J Richard , Jones Michael E , Readhead Anthony C S , Taylor Angela C , Zensus J Anton 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The ρ Oph molecular cloud is one of the best examples of spinning dust emission, first detected by the cosmic background imager (CBI). Here, we present 4.5 arcmin observations with CBI 2 that confirm 31 GHz emission from ρ Oph W, the PDR exposed to B-type star HD 147889, and highlight the absence of signal from S1, the brightest IR nebula in the complex. In order to quantify an association with dust-related emission mechanisms, we calculated correlations at different angular resolutions between the 31 GHz map and proxies for the column density of IR emitters, dust radiance, and optical depth templates. We found that the 31 GHz emission correlates best with the PAH column density tracers, while the correlation with the dust radiance improves when considering emission that is more extended (from the shorter baselines), suggesting that the angular resolution of the observations affects the correlation results. A proxy for the spinning dust emissivity reveals large variations within the complex, with a dynamic range of 25 at 3σ and a variation by a factor of at least 23, at 3σ, between the peak in ρ Oph W and the location of S1, which means that environmental factors are responsible for boosting spinning dust emissivities locally.
Gradients Do Grow on Trees: A Linear-TimeO(N)-Dimensional Gradient for Statistical Phylogenetics
Authors: Ji Xiang , Zhang Zhenyu , Holbrook Andrew , Nishimura Akihiko , Baele Guy , Rambaut Andrew , Lemey Philippe , Suchard Marc A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCalculation of the log-likelihood stands as the computational bottleneck for many statistical phylogenetic algorithms. Even worse is its gradient evaluation, often used to target regions of high probability. Order O(N)-dimensional gradient calculations based on the standard pruning algorithm require O(N2) operations, where N is the number of sampled molecular sequences. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, recent phylogenetic studies have analyzed hundreds to thousands of sequences, with an apparent trend toward even larger data sets as a result of advancing technology. Such large-scale analyses challenge phylogenetic reconstruction by requiring inference on larger sets of process parameters to model the increasing data heterogeneity. To make these analyses tractable, we present a linear-time algorithm for O(N)-dimensional gradient evaluation and apply it to general continuous-time Markov processes of sequence substitution on a phylogenetic tree without a need to assume either stationarity or reversibility. We apply this approach to learn the branch-specific evolutionary rates of three pathogenic viruses: West Nile virus, Dengue virus, and Lassa virus. Our proposed algorithm significantly improves inference efficiency with a 126- to 234-fold increase in maximum-likelihood optimization and a 16- to 33-fold computational performance increase in a Bayesian framework.
Transfacet Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With an Expandable Interbody Device—Part I: 2-Dimensional Operative Video and Technical Report
Authors: Khalifeh Jawad M , Dibble Christopher F , Stecher Priscilla , Dorward Ian , Hawasli Ammar H , Ray Wilson Z 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Advances in operative techniques and minimally invasive technologies have evolved to maximize patient outcomes and radiographic results, while reducing morbidity and recovery time.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the operative technique for a transfacet minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) as a proposed modification to the standard approach MIS-TLIF.

METHODS
We present the case of a 72-yr-old man with left-sided lumbar radiculopathy. Preoperative imaging demonstrated degenerative lumbar anterolisthesis at L4-5, with associated canal and neuroforaminal stenosis. The patient underwent transfacet MIS-TLIF at L4-L5. We describe the preoperative planning, patient positioning, incision and dissection, pedicle screw insertion, transfacet approach to the working access corridor, discectomy, interbody device placement, fixation, and closure.

RESULTS
The transfacet MIS-TLIF utilizes 3 key techniques to safely maximize surgical correction: (1) a limited bony resection based on the superior articular process, leaving the medial inferior articular process, lateral superior articular process, and rostral pars intact, providing a working bony corridor that protects the traversing and exiting nerve roots; (2) decortication and release of the contralateral facet joint to provide additional capacity for indirect decompression and provide the first point of osseous fusion; and (3) placement of an expandable interbody device that provides additional indirect decompression to the working side and contralateral foramen.

CONCLUSION
The transfacet MIS-TLIF uniquely leverages a bony working corridor to access the disc space for discectomy and interbody placement. Transfacet MIS-TLIF is a feasible solution for lumbar spinal reconstruction to maximize direct and indirect decompression of the neuroforamina and central spinal canal in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases and low-grade spondylolisthesis.
A Crisis of Missed Opportunities? Foreclosure Costs and Mortgage Modification During the Great Recession
Authors: Gabriel Stuart , Iacoviello Matteo , Lutz Chandler 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the impact of Great Recession policies in California that substantially increased lender pecuniary and time costs of foreclosure. We estimate that the California Foreclosure Prevention Laws (CFPLs) prevented 250,000 California foreclosures (a 20% reduction) and created $\$$300 billion in housing wealth. The CFPLs boosted mortgage modifications and reduced borrower transitions into default. They also mitigated foreclosure externalities via increased maintenance spending on homes that entered foreclosure. The CFPLs had minimal adverse side effects on the availability of mortgage credit for new borrowers. Altogether, findings suggest that policy interventions that keep borrowers in their homes may be broadly beneficial during times of widespread housing distress.
Withdrawn as duplicate: Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) urges Congress to ensure efforts to increase and enhance broadband internet access in rural areas
Authors: Ford Sabrina , Buscemi Joanna , Hirko Kelly , Laitner Melissa , Newton Robert L , Jonassaint Charles , Fitzgibbon Marian , Klesges Lisa M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article has been withdrawn due to a publisher error that caused the article to be duplicated. The definitive version of this article is published under DOI 10.1093/tbm/ibz035.
Single-Cell Analysis of the Gene Expression Effects of Developmental Lead (Pb) Exposure on the Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Bakulski Kelly M , Dou John F , Thompson Robert C , Lee Christopher , Middleton Lauren Y , Perera Bambarendage P U , Ferris Sean P , Jones Tamara R , Neier Kari , Zhou Xiang , Sartor Maureen A , Hammoud Saher S , Dolinoy Dana C , Colacino Justin A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLead (Pb) exposure is ubiquitous with permanent neurodevelopmental effects. The hippocampus brain region is involved in learning and memory with heterogeneous cellular composition. The hippocampus cell type-specific responses to Pb are unknown. The objective of this study is to examine perinatal Pb treatment effects on adult hippocampus gene expression, at the level of individual cells. In mice perinatally exposed to control water or a human physiologically relevant level (32 ppm in maternal drinking water) of Pb, 2 weeks prior to mating through weaning, we tested for hippocampus gene expression and cellular differences at 5 months of age. We sequenced RNA from 5258 hippocampal cells to (1) test for treatment gene expression differences averaged across all cells, (2) compare cell cluster composition by treatment, and (3) test for treatment gene expression and pathway differences within cell clusters. Gene expression patterns revealed 12 hippocampus cell clusters, mapping to major expected cell types (eg, microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes). Perinatal Pb treatment was associated with 12.4% more oligodendrocytes (p = 4.4 × 10−21) in adult mice. Across all cells, Pb treatment was associated with expression of cell cluster marker genes. Within cell clusters, Pb treatment (q &lt; 0.05) caused differential gene expression in endothelial, microglial, pericyte, and astrocyte cells. Pb treatment upregulated protein folding pathways in microglia (p = 3.4 × 10−9) and stress response in oligodendrocytes (p = 3.2 × 10−5). Bulk tissue analysis may be influenced by changes in cell type composition, obscuring effects within vulnerable cell types. This study serves as a biological reference for future single-cell toxicant studies, to ultimately characterize molecular effects on cognition and behavior.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Cardiovascular Disease: Evolving Trends Over 10 Years in the ESC Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease (ROPAC)
Authors: Roos-Hesselink Jolien , Baris Lucia , Johnson Mark , De Backer Julie , Otto Catherine , Marelli Ariane , Jondeau Guillaume , Budts Werner , Grewal Jasmine , Sliwa Karen , Parsonage William , Maggioni Aldo P. , van Hagen Iris , Vahanian Alec , Tavazzi Luigi , Elkayam Uri , Boersma Eric , Hall Roger 
Published: May 2020

(Abstracted from Eur Heart J 2019;40:3848–3855)
The World Health Organization recognizes that the reduction of maternal mortality worldwide is a critical goal. Currently, 1% to 4% of pregnant women have maternal heart disease, which has translated into 15% of maternal deaths.
Blount Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Under-recognized Association?
Authors: Jardaly Achraf , McGwin Gerald , Gilbert Shawn R. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Obesity is strongly associated with both Blount disease and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Obesity increases risks for anesthetic and postoperative complications, and OSA can further exacerbate these risks. Since children with Blount disease might have both conditions, we sought to determine the perioperative complications and the prevalence of OSA among these children.

Methods:
Patients younger than 18 years undergoing corrective surgery for Blount disease were identified from 2 sources as follows: a retrospective review of records at a single institution and querying of the Kids’ Inpatient Database, a nationally representative database.

Results:
At our institution, the prevalence of OSA among patients surgically treated for Blount disease was 23% (42/184). Blount patients were obese (100%), and predominately African American (89%), and male (68%). Patients were treated for OSA before surgery, and 2 patients (1%) had postoperative hypoxemia. In contrast, of 1059 cases of Blount disease from the Kids’ Inpatient Database, 3% were diagnosed with OSA. In total, 4.4% of all the Blount children experienced complications, including hypoxemia, respiratory insufficiency, atelectasis, and arrhythmias. Complications were associated with 4.3 additional days of hospitalization (P<0.0001) and 39% additional hospital charges (P=0.002).

Conclusions:
Data from the national database showed a low rate of OSA prevalence but high respiratory and OSA-associated complications, perhaps indicating that OSA may be underdiagnosed in children with Blount disease. Affected patients, especially ones with untreated OSA, sustain increased surgical morbidity. A high index of suspicion and preoperative planning helps alleviate the burden of OSA among these patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—case-control study.
Where Have All the Fractures Gone? The Epidemiology of Pediatric Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bram Joshua T. , Johnson Mitchell A. , Magee Lacey C. , Mehta Nishank N. , Fazal Faris Z. , Baldwin Keith D. , Riley Jake , Shah Apurva S. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures to encourage social distancing have been implemented, including cancellation of school and organized sports. A resulting change in pediatric fracture epidemiology is expected. This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fracture incidence and characteristics.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study comparing acute fractures presenting to a single level I pediatric trauma hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic with fractures during a prepandemic period at the same institution. The “pandemic” cohort was gathered from March 15 to April 15, 2020 and compared with a “prepandemic” cohort from the same time window in 2018 and 2019.

Results:
In total, 1745 patients presenting with acute fractures were included. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of fractures presenting to our practice during the pandemic (22.5±9.1/d vs. 9.6±5.1/d, P<0.001). The presenting age for all fractures decreased during the pandemic (7.5±4.3 vs. 9.4±4.4 y, P<0.001) because of decreased fracture burden among adolescents. There were also a decrease in the number of fractures requiring surgery (2.2±1.8/d vs. 0.8±0.8/d, P<0.001). During the pandemic, there was an increase in the proportion of injuries occurring at home (57.8% vs. 32.5%, P<0.001) or on bicycles (18.3% vs. 8.2%, P<0.001), but a decrease in those related to sports (7.2% vs. 26.0%, P<0.001) or playgrounds (5.2% vs. 9.0%, P<0.001). There was no increase in time-to-presentation. Patients with distal radius torus fractures were more likely to receive a velcro splint during the pandemic (44.2% vs. 25.9%, P=0.010).

Conclusions:
Pediatric fracture volume has decreased 2.5-fold during the COVID-19 pandemic, partially because of cessation of organized sports and decreased playground use. In endemic regions, lower trauma volume may allow redeployment of orthopaedic surgeons and staff to other clinical arenas. Given the rising proportion of bicycling injuries, an emphasis on basic safety precautions could improve public health. An observed increase in the prescription of velcro splints for distal radius fractures highlights an opportunity for simplified patient care during the pandemic.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
One-stop strategy for treatment of atrial fibrillation: feasibility and safety of combining catheter ablation and left atrial appendage closure in a single procedure
Authors: Chen Mu , Wang Zhi-Quan , Wang Qun-Shan , Sun Jian , Zhang Peng-Pai , Feng Xiang-Fei , Li Wei , Yu Ying , Liu Bo , Mo Bin-Feng , Zhang Rui , Yang Mei , Gong Chang-Qi , Zhao Ming-Zhe , Yu Yi-Chi , Zhao Yan , Lu Qiu-Fen , Li Yi-Gang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Catheter ablation is effective in restoring sinus rhythm and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is increasingly used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to observe the feasibility and safety of performing AF ablation and LAAC in a single (one-stop) procedure.

Methods
Consecutive AF patients who underwent the combined procedure of AF ablation and LAAC with WATCHMAN device between March 2017 and September 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Baseline and intra-procedural parameters were evaluated. Three-month and subsequent 1-year follow-up were performed in all and earlier-enrolled subjects, respectively.

Results
A total of 178 AF patients (94 males, 68.9 ± 8.1 years) underwent the one-stop procedure with CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.3 ± 1.5 and HAS-BLED score 1.6 ± 1.0, respectively. Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all patients while additional linear ablation was applied if the operator deemed necessary, yielding immediate ablation success rate of 98.9% (176/178). In the subsequent LAAC, satisfactory seal (residual leak <5 mm) was achieved in all patients. One stroke and four cardiac perforations occurred peri-operatively. At 3-month follow-up, sinus rhythm and satisfactory seal were maintained in 153/178 (86.0%) and 178/178 (100%) patients, respectively. One stroke and one delayed cardiac tamponade occurred, while no device-related thrombus or device migration was observed. During the 1-year follow-up for the earlier enrolled subjects, 52/72 (72.2%) of the patients maintained sinus rhythm. There was no stroke or systemic embolism observed.

Conclusion
Combining catheter ablation and LAAC in a single procedure can be successfully and safely performed in non-valvular AF patients of Chinese population.
Minocycline Intravenous for the Treatment of Serious Infections Due to Gram-Negative Nonpseudomonal Bacteria, Including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Burkholderia cepacia
Authors: Sierra-Hoffman Miguel , Redell Mark , Benefield Russell , Caruso Patricia , Estrada Sandy , Leuthner Kimberly , Zappas Kristie , Kennedy Cynthia , Massey Jill 
Published: May 2020

Background
Data on the role of minocycline intravenous (IV) in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections under real-world conditions are sparse. This study sought to provide evidence of real-world practices, including outcomes and safety.

Methods
A multicenter observational study was conducted of 71 consecutive adult inpatients enrolled at 6 geographically diverse US hospitals between May 2015 and February 2018 who were treated with minocycline IV for gram-negative infections for at least 48 hours as monotherapy or combination therapy.

Results
Infections included pneumonia (51%) and bacteremia (25%). The most prevalent gram-negative pathogens included Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (52%), Acinetobacter baumannii (30%), and Burkholderia complex (10%). In vitro susceptibility to minocycline was 100% for S. maltophilia. Clinical plus microbiologic response was observed in 80% of evaluable patients. Treatment of 29 evaluable patient infections due to S. maltophilia resulted in a clinical response rate of 79% and a microbiologic response rate of 72%. All patients with bacteremia due to S. maltophilia responded to minocycline IV. There were 17 (24%) in-hospital deaths of which 8 responded to minocycline. Minocycline was well tolerated.

Conclusions
Minocycline demonstrated that high in vitro susceptibility against problematic gram-negative pathogens and administered as an IV formulation was associated with good clinical and microbiologic outcomes alone or in combination in a seriously ill patient population.
Silent but Deadly
Authors: Kalunian Anne , Salas Natalie Mariam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Legionella species are a rare cause of culture-negative endocarditis. We report the first case of bioprosthetic valve endocarditis due to Legionella maceachernii. This case highlights the importance of the use of DNA target sequencing to identify the cause of culture-negative endocarditis, as standard empiric therapy would not have covered the identified organism.
The Diverse Involvement of Cigarette Smoking in Pancreatic Cancer Development and Prognosis
Authors: Weissman Simcha , Takakura Kazuki , Eibl Guido , Pandol Stephen J. , Saruta Masayuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite extensive research in the pathogenesis, early detection, and therapeutic approaches of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), it remains a devastating and incurable disease. As the global incidence and prevalence of PDAC continue to rise, there is a pressing need to place strong emphasis on its prevention. Although it is widely recognized that cigarette smoking, a potentially modifiable risk factor, has been linked to PDAC development, its contribution to prognosis is still uncertain. Moreover, the mechanistic pathways of PDAC progression secondary to smoking are various and lack a summative narration. Herein, we update and summarize the direct and indirect roles cigarette smoking plays on PDAC development, review literature to conclude the impact cigarette smoking has on prognosis, and postulate a comprehensive mechanism for cigarette smoking–induced PDAC.