bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un análisis sobre la seducción y el acoso en la universidad (San Martín, Argentina)
Authors: Palumbo Mariana , López Belén , Pagnone Melina 
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, describir y analizar comparativamente escenas de acoso/hostigamiento en el marco de situaciones de seducción que tienen como destinatarios/as a varones y mujeres; y, por el otro, examinar cuáles son los efectos de las mismas en la construcción de subjetividad femenina y masculina. Se analizan dichas experiencias en estudiantes varones y mujeres de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina.
La pregunta que vertebra este trabajo apunta a reconocer los umbrales que llevan de un pasaje del erotismo consentido a situaciones que son percibidas, por los/as estudiantes, como acoso, y qué hacen frente a este hecho. La metodología es cualitativa y se desprende de la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantes de la Universidad y de la recepción de denuncias sobre violencia contra las mujeres, por parte de la Consejería Integral en violencia de género y sexualidades de dicha Universidad.
Criminaliteit en macht: een inleiding
Authors: van Swaaningen René 
Published: January 2020

Crime and power
Criminologists have by and large sought to explain crime by the deficiencies people may have. It took till the 1970s until the idea that crime can also be caused by structural power inequalities got an actual name in criminology: crimes of the powerful. Starting with the works of Willem Bonger and Edward Ross in the early 20th century, the author analyses how critical criminologists like Frank Pearce introduced the term ‘crimes of the powerful’ in the 1970s and how this concept was subsequently applied to gender- and racial inequalities, state crime, corruption et cetera, whilst pointing at the topical relevance of using a lens of ‘crimes of the powerful’ as a sensitising concept to analyse present-day problems, ranging from sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic church to the banking sector or indeed the expropriation of indigenous lands in the Amazon by soy-farmers and timber traders.
Integratief seksindustriebeleid in Nieuw-Zeeland
Authors: Rottier Joep 
Published: January 2020

Integrative sex industry policy in New Zealand – Success for a unique social movement
Contrary to its allies in other countries, the sex industry decriminalization movement in New Zealand, embodied by the New Zealand Prostitutes Collective (NZPC), achieved its goal in 2003. This article explores the reform of the sex industry policy in this country on the basis of a Social Movement Concept. Apart from the specific New Zealand culture, particularly the interaction between three social political aspects – awareness, political opportunities, and a strong social movement organisation – can be identified as crucial factors in realizing a decriminalized sex industry environment. The enactment of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003 meant a unique and huge success for a small sex workers movement.
A Stepwise Approach to the Management of Heart Failure and its Comorbidities
Authors: Rogers Felix J. , Saghir Zeinab 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Modern medical and technological advances provide highly effective management for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In this review, the authors propose a 2-step approach to treatment that is straightforward, practical, and thorough. For the patient whose life now includes HFrEF, the physician's first step is to ensure that the patient is taking the 3 key medications ([1] renin-angiotensin inhibitors (angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers), [2] β-blockers, and [3] mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) recommended in guideline-directed doses to attain comprehensive receptor blockade. Significant coexisting medical issues are also characteristic in patients with HFrEF. Therefore, the physician's second step is to address the comorbidities of heart failure to fulfill comprehensive patient care. This review presents evidence to implement the management of HFrEF and heart failure comorbidities that will reduce cardiac mortality and hospitalization and to avoid treatments that are of no benefit or may cause harm.
Shift Workers at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kulkarni Kshma , Schow Marie , Shubrook Jay H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this highly digitalized era, sleep disorders are becoming more common and are associated with an increased burden of chronic disease. Shift workers are at an increased risk for both sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome. In this article, the authors outline the connection between circadian discordance, hormonal imbalance, and the development of metabolic syndrome in shift workers. Based on a literature review of animal model studies, observational studies, and clinical trials conducted between August and October of 2018, the authors offer several clinical interventions, including work schedules, light therapy, medications, and dietary habits to improve the circadian synchronicity of shift workers and reduce their risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important for physicians to be familiar with the consequences of shift work and ways to mitigate the risks for this patient population.
Association of IGF1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with myopia in Chinese children
Authors: Cheng Tianyu , Wang Jingjing , Xiong Shuyu , Zhang Bo , Li Qiangqiang , Xu Xun , He Xiangui 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
To investigate the association between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and myopia in a young Chinese population.

Methods
A total of 654 Chinese children aged 6–13 years from one primary school participated in our study and underwent a series of comprehensive ocular examinations, including cycloplegic refraction and measurements of axial length. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalence (SE) ≤ −0.5 D in the worse eye. In total, six tagging SNPs of IGF1 were genotyped using the PCR-LDR (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Ligation Detection Reaction) method. We tested four different genetic modes (the allele, dominant, recessive, and additive models) of these SNPs and used multivariate logistic regression to calculate the effect of SNPs on myopia. In addition, we conducted a haplotype analysis with a variable-sized slide-window strategy.

Results
Overall, 281 myopic children and 373 non-myopic controls were included in the analysis. The SNP rs2162679 showed a statistical difference between the two groups in both the allele (p = 0.0474) and additive (p = 0.0497) models. After adjusting for age and gender, children with the genotype AA in the SNP rs2162679 had a higher risk of myopia than those with the genotype GG (OR = 2.219, 95% CI [1.218–4.039], p = 0.009). All haplotypes that varied significantly between the two groups contained the SNP rs2162679, and the four-SNP window rs5742653–rs2162679 had the lowest p value (Chi square = 5.768, p = 0.0163). However, after permutation tests, none of the associations remained statistically significant.

Conclusion
The SNP rs2162679 in IGF1 was associated with myopia in a young Chinese population. The G allele in the SNP rs2162679 may protect against myopia.
Organizational Identification and Proactive Work Behaviour as Predictors of Cyber-loafing among Anambra State Civil Servants
Authors: Chukwuemeka E. Etodike, , Collins I. Nnaebue, , Iloke, Stephen E. , Elizabeth Anierobi, 
Published: January 2020

Cyber-loafing is a growing organizational vice with resource and productivity consequences. Given its observed rise in public service in Nigeria; this study examined the organizational identification and proactive work behaviour as predictors of cyber-loafing among public sector employees in Anambra State. The study participants were 403 employees drawn from Anambra State civil service, Nigeria. The participants were 131 males and 272 females with a mean age of 39 years and standard deviation of 4.20. Cluster sampling was used to select participants Ministries whereas accidental sampling was utilized to select the participants from their respective ministries. Organizational identification scale, Proactive work behavior scale and Cyber-loafing questionnaire were instruments of data collection. Anchored on social exchange theory, the study utilized correlation design and hierarchical regression analysis as design and statistical tool for data analysis. The result indicated that positive and significant correlation was recorded between organizational identification and proactive work behaviour at r(1, 403) = .43*, p < .05; while negative and significant correlation was recorded between organizational identification and cyber-loafing at r(1, 403) = -.37*, p < .05. Also, negative and significant correlation was recorded between proactive work behaviour and cyber-loafing at r(1, 403) = -.56*, p < .05. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that both organizational identification and proactive work behaviour negatively and significantly predicted cyber-loafing at α = -.39*, p < .05 (n = 403) and α = -.48*, p < .05 (n = 403) respectively among civil servants in Anambra State. Organizations are adviced to improve on their social exchange among employees to engender for greater organizational identification and pro-activity to reduce cyber-loafing behaviours.
Interleukin‐4 Gene Transfection and Spheroid Formation Potentiate Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Song Seuk Young , Hong Jihye , Go Seukhyeong , Lim Songhyun , Sohn Hee Su , Kang Mikyung , Jung Gun‐Jae , Yoon Jeong‐Kee , Kang Mi Lan , Im Gun‐il , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a painful intractable disease that significantly affects patients' quality of life. However, current therapies, such as pain killers and joint replacement surgery, do not lead to cartilage protection. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as an alternative strategy for OA therapy because MSCs can secrete chondroprotective and anti‐inflammatory factors. However, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), a potent anti‐inflammatory cytokine, is barely produced by MSCs, and MSC therapy suffers from rapid MSC death following intra‐articular implantation. MSCs in spheroids survive better than naïve MSCs in vitro and in vivo. IL‐4‐transfected MSCs in spheroids (IL‐4 MSC spheroid) show increased chondroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects in an OA chondrocyte model in vitro. Following intra‐articular implantation in OA rats, IL‐4 MSC spheroids show better cartilage protection and pain relief than naïve MSCs. Thus, IL‐4 MSC spheroid may potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for OA.
Stable and High‐Efficiency Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Xiao‐Xin , Luo Wen , Zhang Yi , Hu Ruiyuan , Zhang Bao , Züttel Andreas , Feng Yaqing , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% with complex compositional and bandgap engineering. However, the thermal instability of methylammonium (MA) cation can cause the degradation of the perovskite film, remaining a risk for the long‐term stability of the devices. Herein, a unique method is demonstrated to fabricate highly phase‐stable perovskite film without MA by introducing cesium chloride (CsCl) in the double cation (Cs, formamidinium) perovskite precursor. Moreover, due to the suboptimal bandgap of bromide (Br−), the amount of Br− is regulated, leading to high power conversion efficiency. As a result, MA‐free perovskite solar cells achieve remarkable long‐term stability and a PCE of 20.50%, which is one of the best results for MA‐free PSCs. Moreover, the unencapsulated device retains about 80% of the original efficiencies after a 1000 h aging study. These results provide a feasible approach to enhance solar cell stability and performance simultaneously, paving the way for commercializing PSCs.
Enlightening Materials with Photoswitches
Authors: Goulet‐Hanssens Alexis , Eisenreich Fabian , Hecht Stefan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncorporating molecular photoswitches into various materials provides unique opportunities for controlling their properties and functions with high spatiotemporal resolution using remote optical stimuli. The great and largely still untapped potential of these photoresponsive systems has not yet been fully exploited due to the fundamental challenges in harnessing geometrical and electronic changes on the molecular level to modulate macroscopic and bulk material properties. Herein, progress made during the past decade in the field of photoswitchable materials is highlighted. After pointing to some general design principles, materials with an increasing order of the integrated photoswitchable units are discussed, spanning the range from amorphous settings over surfaces/interfaces and supramolecular ensembles, to liquid crystalline and crystalline phases. Finally, some potential future directions are pointed out in the conclusion. In view of the exciting recent achievements in the field, the future emergence and further development of light‐driven and optically programmable (inter)active materials and systems are eagerly anticipated.
Unusual Two‐Step Assembly of a Minimalistic Dipeptide‐Based Functional Hypergelator
Authors: Chakraborty Priyadarshi , Tang Yiming , Yamamoto Tomoya , Yao Yifei , Guterman Tom , Zilberzwige‐Tal Shai , Adadi Nofar , Ji Wei , Dvir Tal , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy , Wei Guanghong , Gazit Ehud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembled peptide hydrogels represent the realization of peptide nanotechnology into biomedical products. There is a continuous quest to identify the simplest building blocks and optimize their critical gelation concentration (CGC). Herein, a minimalistic, de novo dipeptide, Fmoc‐Lys(Fmoc)‐Asp, as an hydrogelator with the lowest CGC ever reported, almost fourfold lower as compared to that of a large hexadecapeptide previously described, is reported. The dipeptide self‐assembles through an unusual and unprecedented two‐step process as elucidated by solid‐state NMR and molecular dynamics simulation. The hydrogel is cytocompatible and supports 2D/3D cell growth. Conductive composite gels composed of Fmoc‐Lys(Fmoc)‐Asp and a conductive polymer exhibit excellent DNA binding. Fmoc‐Lys(Fmoc)‐Asp exhibits the lowest CGC and highest mechanical properties when compared to a library of dipeptide analogues, thus validating the uniqueness of the molecular design which confers useful properties for various potential applications.
Miscible‐Solvent‐Assisted Two‐Phase Synthesis of Monolayer‐Ligand‐Protected Metal Nanoclusters with Various Sizes
Authors: Yuan Xun , Chng Leng Leng , Yang Jinhua , Ying Jackie Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEffective yet versatile synthetic strategies for size‐tunable metal nanoclusters (NCs) are scarce. This has hampered the development of this unique class of nanomaterials. Here, a general protocol is reported for the synthesis of high‐quality metal NCs protected by a variety of organic ligands (e.g., selenolate, thiolate, and phosphine) based on a miscible‐solvent‐assisted phase transfer between water and organic solution. This method is demonstrated to be facile, rapid (≤3 h), scalable (gram‐scale), and versatile. The size of the selenolated and thiolated Au NCs can be tuned from Au10 to Au61 by simply varying the miscible solvent in proportions and types. The advantages of this method, such as quick phase separation and no need for purification treatment, enable real‐time monitoring of metal NC growth within the NaBH4 reduction system. The results show that the size of Au NCs gradually increases with increasing valence electron count by a stepwise 2x e‐ hopping mechanism (x = 0–5), i.e., 0 e‐ → 2 e‐ → 4 e‐ → 8 e‐ → 18 e‐ → 22 e‐ → 32 e‐.
Composition‐Dependent Passivation Efficiency at the CdS/CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Interface
Authors: Ballabio Marco , Fuertes Marrón David , Barreau Nicolas , Bonn Mischa , Cánovas Enrique 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe bandgap of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) chalcopyrite semiconductors can be tuned between ≈1.0 and ≈1.7 eV for Ga contents ranging between x = 0 and x = 1. While an optimum bandgap of 1.34 eV is desirable for achieving maximum solar energy conversion in solar cells, state‐of‐the‐art CIGS‐based devices experience a drop in efficiency for Ga contents x > 0.3 (i.e., for bandgaps >1.2 eV), an aspect that is limiting the full potential of these devices. The mechanism underlying the limited performance as a function of CIGS composition has remained elusive: both surface and bulk recombination effects are proposed. Here, the disentanglement between surface and bulk effects in CIGS absorbers as a function of Ga content is achieved by comparing photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in air/CIGS and surface‐passivated ZnO/CdS/CIGS samples. While surface passivation prevents surface recombination of charge carriers for low Ga content (x < 0.3; up to 1.2 eV bandgap), surface recombination dominates for higher‐bandgap materials. The results thus demonstrate that surface, rather than bulk effects, is responsible for the drop in efficiency for Ga contents larger than x ≈ 0.3.
Solution‐Processable 2D Materials Applied in Light‐Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells
Authors: Ricciardulli Antonio Gaetano , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe last decades have witnessed a remarkable scientific progress in the field of organic and perovskite optoelectronics. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials are an attractive building block for next‐generation devices, thanks to their unique physical, optical, and electric characteristics including atomically thin bodies, high transmittance, ultralight weight, and tunable band structures. The state‐of‐the‐art optoelectronic devices utilizing 2D materials mainly rely on 2D thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition. Although good device performances have been demonstrated, a huge gap between fundamental studies and practical applications remains, because of the high cost and troublesome transfer/restacking processes. Therefore, flexible and transparent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells (SCs) containing solution‐processed 2D materials from top‐down exfoliation methods have recently emerged as promising candidates for future light conversion and emission devices. They combine ease of processing, tailorable optoelectronic features, facile integration with complementary layers, compatibility with arbitrary substrates, and enhanced performances. In addition, the latest processing techniques (such as ink‐jet printing, spray coating) also offer the opportunity for the scaled‐up fabrication of square‐meter‐scale low‐cost device systems. Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives of solution‐processed 2D materials for usage in emerging LEDs and SCs applications are discussed here.
Circularly Polarized Spin‐Selectivity Absorbing Coding Phase Gradient Metasurface for RCS Reduction
Authors: Feng Maochang , Chen Xiaoli , Li Yongfeng , Zheng Qiqi , Han Yajuan , Zhang Jieqiu , Wang Jiafu , Hou Yi , Liu Zhewei , Li Xuojian , Wang Chao , Jing Jao , Ma Hua , Qu Shaobo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel spin‐selectivity absorbing coding phase gradient metasurface (SACPGM) is proposed and demonstrated. The coding element consists of spin‐selectivity absorbing unit cells, which exhibit different absorption characteristics for left‐handed circularly polarized and right‐handed circularly polarized incidence wave due to their spin‐selectivity absorbing properties. The scattering patterns of the SACPGM can be synthetically manipulated by the reflection of the spin‐selectivity absorbing unit cells, the phase gradient of the coding elements, and the coding sequences. As an example, a two‐bit SACPGM with random coding sequence is designed to reduce radar cross section (RCS) by a combination of absorption, beam deflection, surface wave coupling, and diffusion scattering. Both simulated and measured results agree well and demonstrate that the SACPGMs possess excellent performance for RCS reduction. This strategy can help realize stealth applications under bi‐static detections.
Fano‐Like Acoustic Resonance for Subwavelength Directional Sensing: 0–360 Degree Measurement
Authors: Lee Taehwa , Nomura Tsuyoshi , Su Xiaoshi , Iizuka Hideo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDirectional sound sensing plays a critical role in many applications involving the localization of a sound source. However, the sensing range limit and fabrication difficulties of current acoustic sensing technologies pose challenges in realizing compact subwavelength direction sensors. Here, a subwavelength directional sensor is demonstrated, which can detect the angle of an incident wave in a full angle range (0°∼360°). The directional sensing is realized with acoustic coupling of Helmholtz resonators each supporting a monopolar resonance, which are monitored by conventional microphones. When these resonators scatter sound into free‐space acoustic modes, the scattered waves from each resonator interfere, resulting in a Fano‐like resonance where the spectral responses of the constituent resonators are drastically different from each other. This work provides a critical understanding of resonant coupling as well as a viable solution for directional sensing.
Graded Bandgap Perovskite with Intrinsic n–p Homojunction Expands Photon Harvesting Range and Enables All Transport Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Deng Kaimo , Xiong Jie , Li Liang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites are promising materials for next‐generation photovoltaic device due to their attractive photoelectrical properties such as strong light absorption, high carrier mobility, and tunable bandgap. Generally, perovskite solar cells require carrier transport layers (CTL) to provide a built‐in electric field and reduce the recombination rate. However, the construction of suitable electron‐ and hole‐transport layers is not cost effective, impairing the commercial application of the devices. An n–p perovskite homojunction absorber with a graded bandgap is developed by introducing a three‐step dynamic spin‐coating strategy and variable valence Sn elements. The bandgap of the perovskite absorber is gradually manipulated from 1.53 eV (the bottom) to 1.27 eV (the top). The electronic behavior is also transformed from n‐type (excess PbI2, the bottom) to p‐type (Sn vacancy, the top) in a very short distance (50 nm). This designed perovskite homojunction electronic structure not only expands the light harvesting range from 800 to 970 nm which provides potential to break the PCE limits, but also promotes oriented carrier transportation and weakens the dependence on CTL. The demonstrated asymmetrical active layer shows a brand‐new approach to simplify the device structure and boost the performance of CTL‐free perovskite solar cells.
Übergangsmetallvermittelte Spaltung von C‐C‐Einfachbindungen
Authors: Wang Brian , Perea Melecio A. , Sarpong Richmond 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEine übergangsmetallvermittelte Spaltung von C‐C‐Einfachbindungen kann eine völlig neue Retrosynthesestrategie in der Naturstoffsynthese ermöglichen. Da eine C‐C‐Bindungsspaltung das Kohlenstoffgerüst einer Verbindung stets ändert und das unter Übergangsmetallkatalyse erzeugte metallorganische oder radikalische Intermediat für den Aufbau größerer Komplexität geeignet ist, eröffnen sich durch diese C‐C‐Bindungsspaltungen neue Möglichkeiten zum drastischen und schnellen Umbau von Gerüstsystemen. Die jüngste Zunahme bei der Zahl der Anwendungen übergangsmetallvermittelter Spaltungen von C‐C‐Einfachbindungen in der Totalsynthese kann auf die allgemeine Anerkennung dieser Tatsache zurückgeführt werden. In diesem Aufsatz werden zehn Totalsynthesen von 2014 bis 2019 beleuchtet, in denen gezeigt wird, wie die übergangsmetallvermittelte C‐C‐Einfachbindungsspaltung am Kern oder an der Peripherie synthetischer Intermediate die Synthesebemühungen beschleunigen kann.