bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the expression levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-12p40, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in keloids
Authors: Hao Yan , Dong Xinhang , Zhang Mingzi , Liu Hao , Zhu Lin , Wang Youbin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
: Our study aimed to screen and explore the expression of inflammatory factors in keloid patients and to investigate how hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy affects the expression levels of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra).

Objective
: 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into the following 3 groups: keloid samples from keloid patients treated with HBO therapy (A), keloid samples from keloid patients treated without HBO therapy (B), and normal control skin samples derived from individuals who had no clear scarring (C). Each group included 10 samples.

Methods
: Inflammatory factors in the keloid tissues were measured with the MILLIPLEX multiplexed Luminex system. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blotting were used to observe the morphological differences in different tissues and the expression levels.

Results
: The expression levels of inflammatory mediators, including IL-12p40, MIP-1β, PDGF-BB, and IL-1Ra, in keloid tissues were significantly different from those in samples of normal skin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed significantly greater inflammatory infiltration in keloid tissue. Significantly different expression levels were observed in group A, B, and C.

Conclusion
: Significantly altered levels of inflammatory factors in the samples from keloid patients were observed, suggesting that formation of a keloid is potentially related to inflammatory responses. HBO therapy could significantly affect the expression levels of IL-12p40, MIP-1β, PDGF-BB, and IL-1Ra, indicating that the effects of HBO therapy are associated with the attenuation of inflammatory responses.
A CARE-compliant article: a case report of pleural empyema secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess with a hepatopleural fistula
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Lee Kyung Hee , Kim Jun Ho , Jeon Yong Sun , Kim Jung Soo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction:

Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) is often associated with accompanying metastatic complications such as septic pulmonary embolism, brain abscess, and endophthalmitis. Pleural empyema secondary to a KPLA is a very unusual finding, made even more rare with the presence of a hepatopleural fistula.

Patient concerns:
An 81-year-old woman presented with aggravated dyspnea.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with KPLA with empyema through computed tomography (CT) scan findings and pleural fluid culture.

Interventions:
The empyema was drained by thoracostomy, and treatment with empirical antibiotics was initiated. After early removal of the chest tube, the liver abscess as well as the empyema increased. An additional liver abscess drainage procedure was performed.

Outcomes:
The fever resolved and dyspnea improved following drainage of effusion. Three days later, the follow-up chest radiograph showed decreased pleural effusion.

Conclusion:
Pleural empyema is a rare but fatal complication secondary to KPLA. Additionally, the discovery of a hepatopleural fistula on a CT scan (multiplanar reconstruction image) made this case even more rare. Both, the liver abscess and pleural empyema, were effectively drained through the fistula tract with drainage procedure, thoracostomy, and additional liver abscess drainage. Prompt diagnostic evaluation, using an imaging modality such as CT, and early drainage management with intravenous antibiotics can improve clinical outcome.
Imaging features and mechanisms of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)
Authors: Huang Zixing , Zhao Shuang , Xu Lin , Chen Jianxin , Lin Wei , Zeng Hanjiang , Chen Zhixia , Du Liang , Shi Yujun , Zhang Na , Song Bin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
A novel coronavirus, tentatively designated as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and which continues to expand. On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On February 28, WHO increased our assessment of the risk of spread and the risk of impact of COVID-19 to very high at a global level. The COVID-19 poses significant threats to international health.
Computed tomography (CT) has been an important imaging modality in assisting in the diagnosis and management of patients withCOVID-19. Some retrospective imaging studies have reported chest CT findings of COVID-19 in the past 2 months, suggesting that several CT findings may be characteristic. To our knowledge, there has been no prospective multicentre imaging study of COVID-19 to date.
We proposed a hypothesis: There are some specific CT features on Chest CT of COVID-19 patients. And the mechanism of these CT features is explicable based on pathological findings.

Objective:
To investigate the specific CT features of COVID-19 and the formation mechanism of these CT features.

Method:
This study is a prospective multicenter observational study. We will recruit 100 patients with COVID-19 at 55 hospitals. All patients undergo chest CT examination with the same scan protocol. The distribution and morphology of lesions on chest CT, clinical data will be recorded. A number of patients will be pathologically examined after permission is granted. The data of these three aspects will be analyzed synthetically.

Discussion:
This study will help us to identify the chest CT features of COVID-19 and its mechanism.

Ethics and dissemination:
This retrospective study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No. 2020–140). Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrollment in the study. To protect privacy of participants, all private information were kept anonymous. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated electronically and in print regardless of results.
The Knowledge and Attitudes of Pediatricians in Israel Towards Vegetarianism
Authors: Hamiel Uri , Landau Nitsan , Eshel Fuhrer Audelia , Shalem Tzippora , Goldman Michael 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Pediatricians have an important role in the dietary education of children, and in the nutritional health of their patients. We aimed to assess nutritional knowledge, familiarity with guidelines, and attitudes of pediatricians regarding vegetarian diets.Methods:A cross‐sectional study using a previously implemented questionnaire, distributed amongst a convenience sample of pediatricians in Israel. For each participant, scores of knowledge and of attitudes towards vegetarian diets were calculated. Scores were analyzed and compared between various categorizations of the respondents.Results:Of 270 respondents (60.4% female individuals), 14.1% were following a vegetarian or semi‐vegetarian diet. The overall mean scores for knowledge and attitude were 37.9 ± 16.0% and 38.1 ± 20.7%, respectively. Among pediatricians currently following a vegetarian or semi‐vegetarian diet, mean knowledge and attitude scores were higher by 12.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8–17.6, P < 0.001) and 17.4% (95% CI 10.5–24.2, P < 0.001), respectively, compared with nonvegetarians. Knowledge scores were found to be positively correlated with attitude scores. Only 13.4% of pediatricians felt that their medical degree studies prepared them well to deal with vegetarian patients. A higher knowledge score was correlated with inquiring of patients eating habits, and counseling on vegetarian diets.Conclusions:Pediatricians possess a low average knowledge base in vegetarian nutrition. The majority of pediatricians do not hold positive attitudes concerning vegetarian diets. We show a positive correlation between overall knowledge and overall attitude for individual participants. Increasing the knowledge base of pediatricians regarding vegetarian diets may lead them to conceive meatless diets in a more positive light and better counsel their patients.
Same Anesthesia Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Fishman Douglas S. , Barth Brad , Mazziotti Mark V. , Lazar David A. , Brandt Mary L. , Fallon Sarah C. , Tsai Cynthia Man‐Wai , Olutoye Oluyinka O. , Giefer Matthew , Martinez Mercedes , Troendle David M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Successful combined Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the Same Session (LESS) has been reported in several studies in adult patients with choledocholithiasis.Methods:This was a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively in the Pediatric ERCP Database Initiative using REDCAP. Adverse events were recorded separately and were reviewed for this study. The primary outcome was the hospitalization days. Secondary outcomes included total duration of anesthesia, morbidity, time from diagnosis to procedure.Results:Twenty‐five patients underwent LESS, and 42 underwent the traditional ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The groups were similar in age, weight, ASA. The median length of stay in the LESS group was 3 days, compared with 4 days (P = .32). Total procedure time was similar between the 2 groups, but anesthesia time was shorter in the LESS group (P = .0401). Morbidity was similarly low between the 2 groups.Conclusions:Relative to 2 interventions, a single session combining ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pediatric patients is effective with a similar adverse event rate and length of stay. The use of a single sedation and reduced total anesthesia time are potential benefits of this approach. This modality may be considered for pediatric patients with choledocholithiasis with or without hemolytic disease.
Online Survey of Digital Reading by Adults with Low Vision
Authors: Wu Yueh-Hsun , Granquist Christina , Gage Rachel , Crossland Michael D. , Legge Gordon E. 
Published: April 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Access to digital text is increasingly widespread, but its impact on low-vision reading is not well understood.

PURPOSE
We conducted an online survey of people with low vision to determine what assistive technologies they use for visual reading, their preferred text characteristics, and the time they devote to reading digital and hard-copy text.

METHODS
One hundred thirty-three low-vision participants completed an online survey. Participants reported the nature and history of their low vision, their usage of different assistive technologies, and time devoted to five visual reading activities.

RESULTS
The three largest diagnostic categories were albinism (n = 36), retinitis pigmentosa (n = 20), and glaucoma (n = 15). Mean self-reported acuity was 0.93 logMAR (range, 0.1 to 1.6 logMAR). Mean age was 46 years (range, 18 to 98 years). Participants reported on percentage time spent reading using vision, audio, or touch (braille). Seventy-five percent of our participants did more than 50% of their reading visually. Across five categories of reading activities—work or education, news, pleasure, spot reading, and social networking—participants reported more time spent on digital reading than hard-copy reading. Eighty-nine percent of our participants used at least one technology from each of our two major categories of assistive technologies (digital content magnifiers and hard-copy content magnifiers) for visual reading.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite the growing availability of digital text in audio or braille formats, our findings from an online sample of people with low vision indicate the continuing importance of visual reading. Our participants continue to use technology to access both hard-copy and digital text, but more time is devoted to digital reading. Our findings highlight the need for continued research and development of technology to enhance visual reading accessibility.
Predictors of False-Negative Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma Examination in Pediatric Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Quan Grahame E. , Kendall John L. , Bogseth Michael C. , Ruygrok Michael L. , Luoma Kelsey A. , Louderback Reed Z. , Pieracci Fredric , Byyny Richard L. 
Published: April 2020

Objectives
This study investigated associations between patient and injury characteristics and false-negative (FN) focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). We also evaluated the effects of FN FAST on in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) variables.

Methods
This retrospective cohort studied children younger than 18 years between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2013, with BAT, documented FAST, and pathologic fluid on computed tomography, surgery, or autopsy. Multivariable and bivariate analyses were used to assess associations between FN FAST and patient injury characteristics, mortality, and hospital LOS.

Results
A total of 141 pediatric BAT patients with pathologic free fluid were included. There were no patient or injury characteristics, which conferred increased odds of an FN FAST. Splenic and bladder injury were negatively associated with FN FAST odds ratio of 0.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–0.8) and 0.1 (95% CI, 0–0.8). Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 4 or greater to the abdomen and extremity was negatively associated with FN FAST odds ratio of 0.1 (95% CI, 0–0.3) and 0.3 (95% CI, 0.1–0.9). There was no association between FN FAST and mortality. Patients with an FN FAST had increased hospital LOS after controlling for sex, age, and Injury Severity Score.

Conclusions
Clinicians need to be cautious applying a single initial FAST to patients with minor abdominal trauma or with suspected injuries to organs other than the spleen or bladder. Formalized studies to develop risk stratification tools could allow clinicians to integrate FAST into the pediatric patient population in the safest manner possible.
Social Impacts Among Participants in HIV Vaccine Trial Network (HVTN) Preventive HIV Vaccine Trials
Authors: Andrasik Michele P. , Sesay Fredericka Albertina , Isaacs Abby , Oseso Linda , Allen Mary 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Given the persistent stigma and discrimination against HIV worldwide, preventive HIV vaccine trials face unique challenges. Negative social impacts (NSIs)—problems that HIV vaccine trial participants face in many different spheres of their lives related to trial participation—have received a great deal of attention. Beneficial social impacts (BSIs)—perceived benefits experienced by a participant and resulting from their trial participation—are a critical component of participants' experiences, yet they have received little attention.

Setting:
All HIV Vaccine Trials Network trial participants for whom social impact data were available—8347 participants in 13 countries who enrolled in 48 phase 1, 2a, and 2b trials.

Methods:
A cross-protocol analysis to assess self-reported BSIs and NSIs related to participating in a preventive HIV vaccine trial. Data were obtained from 48 completed HIV Vaccine Trials Network vaccine trials from December 2000 to September 2017.

Results:
Overall, 6572 participants (81%) reported at least one BSI, and 686 participants (8%) reported 819 NSI events. Altruism/feeling good helping others was the BSI most often endorsed by study participants (43%), followed by receiving risk-reduction counseling (30%). Most NSI events (81%) were reported by US/Swiss participants, and most (79%) trial-related NSIs were negative reactions from friends, family, and partners. Of the NSIs reported, 7% were considered to have a major impact on the participant's quality of life.

Conclusion:
Our results underscore the relatively common experiences of BSIs among preventive HIV vaccine trial participants and mirror the results of other studies that find infrequent reports of NSIs.
Managing childhood cancer pain into survivorship: recognition and emerging principles
Authors: Anderson Anna-Karenia , Woods Simon 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Continual refinement and further stratification of childhood cancer treatment has led to increased survivorship with recognized improvements in many long-term health outcomes. Despite this progress, persisting pain prevalence in childhood cancer survivors is increasing and emerging as a significant long-term health concern.

Recent findings
Currently, there is no guidance on how to approach and manage persisting pain in survivors of childhood cancer.

Summary
Clinicians should work with children and young people to optimize the management of pain and other symptoms on treatment. Focusing on an early post treatment screening for pain and other symptoms (including sleep and fatigue), and the role of on-going analgesic use. Follow-up should offer a multidisciplinary approach, aimed at lessening reliance on pharmacological approaches to pain management, addressing psychological concerns and promoting increased physical activity. The onus is on clinicians to mitigate the long-term risk of pharmacological reliance, particularly opioid dependency, in patients leaving their care and heading into adulthood. In this article, we highlight the emerging evidence of persisting pain in survivors of childhood cancer as a significant long-term health outcome and consider some initial principles of management.
Benefits and Risks of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in The Treatment of Viral Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Placebo Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Li , Li Kefeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRecently, in the scramble to find drugs to treat COVID-19, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have rapidly gained the public’s attention. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CQ and HCQ in the treatment of viral diseases.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Clinical Trials Registries, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CQVIP, and Preprint Servers through April 4, 2020, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the efficacy and safety of CQ and HCQ against viral infection. We analyzed pooled data on the overall efficacy, the relative risks over the placebo, and the prevalence of adverse events. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed to evaluate the random errors in the meta-analysis. Potential moderators of drug-placebo efficacy differences were analyzed by meta-regression.ResultsThe analysis included 11 RCTs with 2613 adult patients. Both the plasma viral load (standard mean difference: 0.29, 95% CI: −1.19 - 1.76, P = 0.70) and the improvement of clinical symptoms (odds ratio: 2.36, 95% CI: 0.81 - 6.92, P = 0.11) were not different between the intervention and placebo arm. There was significant heterogeneity for the efficacy assessment, which was primarily explained by the mean patients’ age and the sample size. Compared to the placebo, CQ and HCQ had increased risk of mild adverse events (risk ratio: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.35 - 1.70, P < 0.05, TSA adjusted 95% CI: 1.31 - 2.19), which were statistically significant in nervous, integumentary, and gastrointestinal systems. The most common adverse events were observed in the nervous system, with the pooled prevalence of 31.4 % (95% CI: 10.5% - 56.7%).ConclusionsInsufficient data were available to support the antiviral efficacy of CQ and HCQ due to the high heterogeneity caused by patients’ age. Mild side effects are expected for the current antiviral dose regimens of CQ and HCQ. Treatment outcomes may be enhanced by better-selected patients based on age and well-controlled adverse events.This meta-analysis was registered on OSF (ID: https://osf.io/386aw)
Parkinson’s disease-related motor and non-motor symptoms are not more prevalent in the Lancaster Amish
Authors: Goldenberg Michael D.F. , Huang Xuemei , Chen Honglei , Kong Lan , Postolache Teodor T. , Stiller John W. , Ryan Katherine A. , Pavlovich Mary , Pollin Toni I. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mailman Richard B. , Mitchell Braxton D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have suggested that the Amish may experience a relatively high prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and/or parkinsonian-motor signs.MethodsWe assessed the frequency of PD-related motor and no-motor symptoms in a large sample from the Amish Community in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania age ≥ 18 y.ResultsOf 430 participants ≥ 60 years, five (1.2%) reported a PD diagnosis, a prevalence similar to estimates in the general older adult populations. Of those without a PD diagnosis, 10.5% reported ≥ 1 and 1.2% ≥ 4 motor symptoms for the nine-item PD screening questionnaire. We also used questionnaires to assess non-motor symptoms. Constipation was reported in 0.7%, and daytime sleepiness in 8.1% of the participants. These frequencies are similar to, or lower than, corresponding frequencies reported in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.DiscussionThese data neither support a markedly higher PD prevalence in the Lancaster Amish, nor do they show that non-motor symptoms occur with prevalence different that the general US population. It is possible that the Lancaster Amish differ from other US Amish populations in genetics or environmental exposures, or that there were methodological differences between this study and prior ones.
Efficacy and Safety of Antibiotic Agents in Children with COVID-19: A Rapid Review
Authors: Wang Jianjian , Tang Yuyi , Ma Yanfang , Zhou Qi , Li Weiguo , Baskota Muna , Yang Yinmei , Wang Xingmei , Li Qingyuan , Luo Xufei , Fukuoka Toshio , Ahn Hyeong Sik , Lee Myeong Soo , Luo Zhengxiu , Liu Enmei , Chen Yao-long 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic agents in children with COVID-19, as well as to introduce the present situation of antibiotics use and bacterial coinfections in COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe searched Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, Wanfang Data and CNKI from their inception to March 31, 2020. In addition, we searched related studies on COVID-19 published before March 31, 2020 through Google Scholar. We evaluated the risk of bias of included studies, and synthesized the results using a qualitative synthesis.ResultsSix studies met our inclusion criteria. Five studies on SARS showed an overall risk of death of 7.2% to 20.0%. One study of SARS patients who used macrolides, quinolones or beta lactamases showed that the mean duration of hospital stay was 14.2, 13.8 and 16.2 days, respectively, and their average duration of fever was 14.3, 14.0 and 16.2 days, respectively. One cohort study on MERS indicated that macrolide therapy was not associated with a significant reduction in 90-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-1.51, P = 0.56) and improvement in MERS-CoV RNA clearance (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, 95% CI 0.47, -1.64], P = 0.68). According to the findings of 33 studies, the proportion of antibiotics use ranged from 19.4% to 100.0% in children and 13.2% to 100.0% in adults, despite the lack of etiological evidence. The most commonly used antibiotics in adults were quinolones, cephalosporins and macrolides and in children meropenem and linezolid.ConclusionsThe benefits of antibiotic agents for adults with SARS or MERS were questionable in the absence of bacterial coinfections. There is no evidence to support the use of antibiotic agents for children with COVID-19 in the absence of bacterial coinfection.