bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Almond snack consumption improves endothelial function in adults with moderate risk of cardiovascular disease: a randomised, controlled, parallel trial
Authors: Dikariyanto Vita , Berry Sarah , Smith Leanne , Francis Lucy , Robertson May , Kusaslan Eslem , O'Callaghan-Latham Molly , Ellis Peter , Chowienczyk Phil , Hall Wendy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction is a predictor for cardiovascular disease risk and is a key feature of atherosclerosis. Poor diet quality, including consumption of saturated fat-rich, high-refined carbohydrate snack foods, may have adverse effects on endothelial function. Thus, snack foods, which contribute an average of 20% of energy intake in the UK adult population, present an easily identifiable target to improve vascular health. Almonds are nutrient-dense foods that are rich in unsaturated fats, fibre, minerals and non-nutrient bioactives (NNB), and may have health benefits by displacing snacks high in refined carbohydrates, enriching the diet with micronutrients and NNB, and/or low lipid bioaccessibility. Human clinical trials have demonstrated LDL cholesterol-lowering effects of daily almond consumption, yet the effects on endothelial function are unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether replacing habitual snacks (20% estimated daily energy requirements) with almonds had any impact on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) using ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery following reactive hyperaemia. A randomised, controlled, parallel trial in adult regular snack consumers aged 30–70 y at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease was conducted, including a 2-week run-in period with control snacks and a 6-week intervention period. Control sweet and savoury mini muffin snacks were developed to replicate the average UK snack nutrient profile, which was calculated from snack foods identified in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) database (55% energy from carbohydrate, 36% total fat (14% saturated fat), and 10% protein). One hundred and nine volunteers (77 females and 32 males; mean age 56 y) were enrolled in the study and 107 were randomised to isocaloric treatments, 1) control muffins, or 2) dry roasted whole almonds; 105 participants completed the study. Almonds significantly increased FMD relative to control (mean difference 3.6%, 95% CI 1.7, 5.5; P < 0.001), indicating improved endothelial function, and LDL-cholesterol (mean difference -0.25 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.47, -0.03; P = 0.030) significantly decreased adjusted with sex, age and baseline BMI and baseline dependent outcome values. Snacking on whole almonds as a replacement for snacks high in refined starch and sugar, and low in fibre and unsaturated fatty acids, improves endothelial function. The results of this study provide further evidence for the importance of nuts in dietary strategies to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease.
Rearranging meal times during night shift work promotes weight change: a randomised crossover intervention in shift workers
Authors: Leung Gloria K. W. , Davis Rochelle , Huggins Catherine E. , Rosbotham Erika , Warnock Rebekah , Bonham Maxine P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUp to 20% of the population in industrialised countries are employed as shift workers. Shift work is an independent risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity. This may be associated with shift workers’ typical habit of eating during the night, as it forces the body to process nutrients when the body is expecting a period of fast. This study aimed to examine whether redistributing meal times, to create a defined overnight fast period, can improve CVD risk factors in night shift workers.Eligible participants were permanent or rotating night shift workers who habitually ate on night shift between 1am to 6am and had abdominal obesity as assessed by waist circumference, but were otherwise healthy. This randomised crossover trial comprised a four-week control period and a four-week intervention period separated by a minimum two-week washout period. During the intervention period, participants were advised to rearrange meal and snack times to create a five hour nightly fast between 1am and 6am. Up to four random 24-hour food recalls per participant were performed during both periods of the study, to check compliance and to assess energy intake. All recall periods included a night shift. Participants attended the research facility at the end of each period to be weighed (seca, gmbh & co. kg, Hamburg, Germany). Work schedule and meals were standardised 24 hours prior to attending the research facility. Data were analysed using paired t-test and reported as mean (SD).Participants (n = 19) were aged 41(10) years. Daily energy intake was not markedly different between the two study periods, intake was 10633 (3591) kJ/ day in the intervention period vs. 10919 (4276) kJ/ day in the control period (n = 60 recalls in each period, p = 0.670). Body weight was significantly lower at the end of the intervention period compared with at the end of the control period (86.2 (17) vs. 87.1 (18) kg, p = 0.001). Similarly, BMI was lower at the end of the intervention period compared with end of control period (30.7 (6) vs. 31.1 (6) kg/m2, p = 0.001).Increasing evidence indicates that working night shifts potentiates weight gain. We show that advising shift workers to avoid eating during 1am and 6am for a four-week period had a positive impact on body weight. Manipulating meal and snack times for shift workers may be a simple strategy to assist in weight management.
Alkylresorcinols (biomarkers of whole grain intake), cereal fibre intake and metabolic profile - results from a European study
Authors: Kyrø Cecilie , Biskup Izabela , Brunius Carl , Riegels Thomsen Birthe Lykke , Romieu Isabelle , Jenab Mazda , Eriksen Anne Kirstine , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , Riboli Elio , Lu Yunxia , Weiderpass Elisabete , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Landberg Rikard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:High intakes of whole-grains and cereal fiber have been consistently associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases in observational studies. Yet, improved understanding about the underlying mechanisms is needed. We hypothesized that cereal fiber and whole-grain are associated with beneficial metabolic marker profiles.Aim:To investigate if cereal fiber intake, estimated by food frequency questionnaires and plasma total alkylresorcinols concentrations as well as the C17:0/C21:0-ratio in plasma as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake or the relative whole-grain rye to wheat intake, respectively, were associated with metabolic biomarkers.Design:A cross-sectional study conducted to investigate the associations between alkylresorcinols as biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, cereal fiber and selected metabolic biomarkers among 954 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Cereal fiber intake was assessed by FFQ and whole grain wheat and rye were reflected by biomarkers analyzed in plasma samples, i.e. total alkylresorcinol (AR). Moreover, the ratio of two of the five measured alkylresorcinols (AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio) was used as an indicator of whole-grain source (wheat or rye). Metabolic biomarkers (HbA1c, C-peptide, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and CRP) were measured in blood samples. All biomarkers were already measured for nested case-control studies of colorectal cancer matched based on sex, study center, age at blood collection, date and time of blood collection, fasting status. Women were further matched by menopausal status, phase of menstrual cycle, and use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy at time of blood collection. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between exposure variables metabolic biomarkers adjusted for case-control status and common confounders.Results:No associations were found between cereal fiber intake and the metabolic markers. However, whole-grain wheat and rye intake, reflected by total AR, was associated with a lower concentration of the inflammation marker CRP. The alkylresorcinol C17:0/C21:0 ratio was not associated with any of the measured metabolic markers in this cohort.Conclusion:Overall, we found no support for an association between cereal fibre intake, whole grain wheat and rye intake reflected by biomarkers and metabolic markers in the present cohort. One exception was the finding of an inverse association between whole grain biomarkers and CRP. Prospective studies or RCTs are warranted to confirm our findings.
Marine-derived fatty acids therapy for stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Alvarez Campano Celia Gabriela , Macleod Mary Joan , Aucott Lorna , Thies Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith stroke burden increasing rapidly in recent years, the need for therapies that mitigate the acute insult persists(1). Experimental stroke evidence has shown a neuroprotective effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), resulting in improved functional outcomes(2). However, evidence in humans remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review(3) to evaluate the effects of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on functional outcomes and dependence after stroke. Secondary outcomes included vascular-related death, recurrence, and adverse events.We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register and the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL EBSCO, and Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED, CPCI-S, and BIOSIS). We also hand-searched relevant sources and used the Science Citation Index Reference Search. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing marine-derived n-3 PUFAs intervention in people with history of stroke and/or transient ischaemic attack. Two authors independently selected trials, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and evaluated the quality of the evidence. We contacted study authors for clarification and conducted random effects meta-analysis or narrative synthesis, as appropriate. We divided studies by follow-up length (up to three months and more than three months).Twenty-nine RCTs were included. Of these, nine studies (3,339 participants) provided outcome data with only one study assessing acute stroke (subarachnoid haemorrhage). Doses of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs ranged from 400 to 3,300 mg per day. Functionality was assessed only in two small studies, one in each follow-up category. These trials reported a trend in improvement (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.68, 40 participants; and mean difference 7.09, 95% CI -5.16 to 19.34, 52 participants; respectively). However, due to imprecision and small sample size, the quality of the evidence was very low. No studies reported on acute ischaemic stroke.Our results show that, currently, evidence on the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on functional outcomes of stroke is limited and of very low quality. Therefore, more RCTs are needed, especially in the acute phase, to determine whether such intervention could improve stroke outcomes.This abstract is based on a post-peer review version of a Cochrane Review. Upon completion and approval, the final version is expected to be published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Usual intake modelling is essential in assessing nutritional adequacy in populations
Authors: Tapanainen Heli , Kaartinen Niina , Männistö Satu , Valsta Liisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing short-term assessment methods to study diet provide too wide population intake distributions leading to overestimation of tail probabilities. Usual intake modelling reduces the variation in the distribution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of bias in proportions of population under average requirement (AR) or recommended intake (RI) using the mean intake of two days compared to usual intake distribution. The FinDiet 2017 Survey was carried out in a nationally representative sample from the population register including adults aged 18–74 years. The data included two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls from 1 655 participants (response rate 53%). Weighing factors were used to correct for non-participation bias. Usual intake was estimated using statistical program SPADE (RIVM, The Netherlands). The proportions of the population below AR or RI (when AR is not available) according to NNR 2012 were evaluated using two days mean intake and the usual intake distribution. These were further compared to evaluate the bias in two days mean intake. The bias associated with two days mean intakes was substantial in some of the nutrients. For example, for vitamin C and D intakes the difference between the proportions using two days mean and usual intake was over 10 percentage points. For vitamin C intake from food the proportions below AR (60 mg/day for men, 50 mg/day for women) were 38% for men and 20% for women using two days mean but 13 percentage points smaller for both sexes based on usual intake. The proportions below AR (7.5 μg/day) for vitamin D from food were 25% for men and 40% for women using two days mean and 14% for men and 30% for women using usual intake. When taking the intake from supplements into account, the proportions for vitamin D intake were 16% for men and 21 % for women based on two days mean but only 7% for both sexes using usual intake. For calcium intake from food the proportion below AR (500 mg/day) was small (7% for men and 8% for women) using two days mean but more than 50% smaller using usual intake (3% for both sexes). Using two days mean intake to estimate nutritional adequacy can lead to considerable biased results due to extraneous day-to-day variation in the intake distribution. Therefore, usual intake modelling should always be applied to intakes derived from short-term dietary assessment methods when evaluating nutritional adequacy.
Nutrition of children and gastrointestinal microflora in the insult of diagnostic parameters
Authors: Frajberg Małgorzata , Przybyłowicz Katarzyna Eufemia , Kłe˛bukowska Lucyna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDoes dietary intervention affect the change of the intestinal microflora, causes the unsealing of the intestinal mucosa. After four weeks of dietary intervention with FODMAP diets and a diet based on NICE recommendations in children with functional abdominal pain, the intestinal microflora will change and the level of zonulin will decrease.Bacterial intestine, intestinal bacteria is a set of microorganisms, the main bacteria that form a complex ecosystem in the digestive tract. Scientific research indicates that some bacteria may contribute to the formation of certain disease entities.Children with functional abdominal pain participated in the research.The study was a randomized intervention and a double-blind test. 32 children were examined, patients of gastroenterological counseling center of the Provincial Specialist Children's Hospital in Olsztyn. Children were 4–12 years old, functional abdominal pain was diagnosed on the basis of Roman criteria, a positive decision of the gastroenterologist regarding the inclusion of the patient, conscious and voluntary consent of the child's guardian to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria include irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine, diagnosed food allergies or food intolerance, the coexistence of chronic diseases or antibiotic therapy in the last 8 weeks.The dietary intervention lasted 4 weeks, meals were prepared on the basis of a menu developed by a dietician.Diagnostic tests were carried out before and after dietary intervention. One group of children with functional abdominal pain received the Fodmap diet, the second group, a diet based on NICE recommendations.The intestinal microflora, the level of zonulin in the stool were tested and the organic acids in the urine were determined by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometers (GC/MS).A preliminary analysis of test conditions prior to dietary intervention was found.Dysbiosis occurred in all 26 children (4 children did not perform the test). An increased number of Bacteroides spp. Was observed in the majority of children in stool tests, studies have reported that the growth of this bacterium in the intestinal microflora occurs in IBD intestinal inflammatory syndrome. Preliminary researches show that this bacterium was dominant in the examined children. In the test, an intermediate urine dysbiosis test of 24 out of 26 children was tested had at least one parameter elevated. After the dietary intervention, the diet had an effect on changing the intestinal microflora, changing the parameters of dysbiosis and the parameter of zonulin, although more research is needed on a larger population.
Auton'Al 60: Prevention program for the loss of autonomy of elderly in France
Authors: Lavefve Laura , Branchu Julie , Breil Béatrice , Depeint Flore , Pouillart Philippe , Niamba Claude-Narcisse , Younes Hassan , Buche-Foissy Cécile , Illner Anne-Kathrin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe loss of autonomy in elderly varies according to the individual health status, but also to the social and psychological environment. Multiple risk factors play a role, including limited access to a balanced diet, physical inactivity or a poor social network. Prevention programs must therefore be based on a multidimensional approach, but are rarely studied with regard to their effectiveness.Materials and methodsThe objective of the Auton'Al 60 program is to prevent the loss of autonomy related to diet, physical activity and mental health in elderly, aged 60 to 89, in the county of Oise, North of France. Between February and July 2018, 7 different prevention workshops were conducted in 5 geographical areas (urban and rural). A blog and a monthly newsletter have been created to limit the loss to follow- up. Evaluation was based on an in-depth interview at T0 inquiring about the level of autonomy, the dietary habits and the health status, as well as on 2 self-administered questionnaires during and at the end of the program. In addition, each workshop has been evaluated separately according to key indicators. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.Results69 workshops have been completed during 5 months. In total, 91 subjects (27.8% men - 71.9% women) participated in at least one workshop, with a mean age of 69.1 years (± 6.3). 72.6% of the subjects were present at 6 or 7 workshops, and 49.5% participated in all activities. A state of loss of autonomy was reported by 6.7% of the participants. 32.6% of the population were chronic-disease-free and 43.8% had a normal BMI (kg / m2). The prevalence of obesity was 15.7%. The program showed effectiveness to decrease the consumption of high-fat products in 52.9% as well as the consumption of sugary products in 60.9% of the participants. Furthermore, 23.2% of the subjects started a new social activity during the program. However, compared to other age groups observed fragility seemed to be particularly high in elderly aged from 66 to 69 years.ConclusionThe Auton'Al 60 program confirms the heterogeneity in the level of autonomy, health status and health behavior in elderly. The multidimensional approach has shown satisfactory effectiveness. Prevention strategies have been developed for isolated or low-income subjects and are under current evaluation.
Optimisation of a targeted approach to the delivery of personalised dietary advice
Authors: Hillesheim Elaine , Brennan Lorraine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTargeted nutrition is defined as personalised nutrition tailored to groups of individuals. Such groups can be identified based on metabolic profiles and are named metabotypes. Metabotypes have been identified in a range of populations and offer the potential to deliver personalised nutrition advice. The objective of the current study was to optimise a targeted approach to deliver dietary advice through comparison with an individualised approach. Study participants (n = 160) were classified into metabotypes previously defined by four markers (triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, and glucose) in a cross-sectional study with Irish adults. Targeted advice was designed using a decision tree approach. A personalised approach was achieved through the use of the Food4Me decision trees(1). Agreement between methods was compared and the metabotype approach was optimised to incorporate the most prevalent advice exclusively given by the Food4Me decision trees. The optimised metabotype approach was subsequently tested by comparison with individualised advice manually compiled by a dietitian. Individuals in metabotype-1 had high TC (median 5.0 mmol/L, interquartile range 4.2–5.4 mmol/L); individuals in metabotype-2 had normal concentrations of the four biomarkers; and individuals in metabotype-3 had high TAG (1.8, mmol/L 1.4–2.6 mmol/L) and TC (5.4 mmol/L, 4.8–5.9 mmol/L), with the highest BMI and diastolic blood pressure, and the most unfavourable profile for glycaemia (highest fasting insulin and HOMA-IR). Using the metabotype approach, advice for lowering TC, weight, waist circumference, TAG, and blood pressure was given to 79.4%, 46.9%, 28.1%, 20.6%, and 11.9% of the individuals, respectively. Considering the personalised approach, the most frequent advice was given to improve the intake of saturated fatty acids (56.5%), fibre (56.0%), and folate (55.0%). The total agreement between the methods was 64.0%. The optimised metabotype approach revealed a good total agreement of 80.3% with the individualised manual approach, especially in metabotype-1 (93.8%) and metabotype-3 (94.3%). Agreement was higher in females (84.8% vs. 76.4%, p = 0.02) and in older (≥ 45 years old) people (92.5% vs. 78.1%, p = 0.02). These results confirm metabotypes as a promising approach to deliver targeted dietary advice. Future work should ascertain if targeted nutrition is effective in changing behaviours that will affect health outcomes.