bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Człowiek i przyroda w nauce chrześcijańskiego Wschodu
Authors: Aptacy Janusz 
Published: December 2020

This article speaks of the relation between man and the rest of the created world. This is a subject that is being taken up more and more frequently by ecologists, by philosophers and theologians. Man is in relation to the universe above all because of their common beginning. For everything, human beings included came into being "from nothing" (ex nihilo). Secondly: all of creation, even if to a different degree, is subject to the laws of limitations. Thirdly: all of the universe, which means also a man living in it, is called development and liberation from the burdening of evil, in order to participate in the freedom and glory of the children of God (cfr. R om 8:21). The subject of the relation of man with the rest of the created world was dear to the Fathers of the Church, especially in the East. The heritage of the Eastern Church Fathers has been taken up mainly by Orthodox theologians. But there are also Catholic theologians that take up the subject of the relation between man and the universe. Here one should name above all K. Rahner, H.U. von Balthasar and, among Polish theologians: W. Hryniewicz. Among the contemporary Orthodox theologians that speak of the relation between man and the universe, we find O. Clément. For him, relations with God the Creator and Savior are of importance. Upon these relations depend on other ones: with other people and with the universe. If one does not take this into consideration, one's knowledge of the man himself would be incomplete. Relations between man and the universe can be twofold: man can remain on the outside of the reality which shows itself to his eyes or he can be inserted into this reality, which he shall observe as an organic all-embracing unity. Visible nature, as O. Clément writes, is a book rich in content, which speaks of life on Earth and after death. It is only necessary to know how to make use of this book. Man created in the "image and likeness" of God is marked by divinity and participates in the divine intellect and, by means of his body, is in relation to the material world. He concentrates in himself what is spiritual and what is material. All of the created universe can participate in divine "energies" only through man, who is "priest and caretaker" of the universe. It is the duty of man to read the first revelation (that is the world) and to "realize the ontological glorification of all things". But man, because of original sin, has led to a true cosmic catastrophe, to a darkening of the modality of paradise and to the appearance of a new way of universal existence, marked by sin. The man also ceased to understand the true world, the way God created it and sustains it in His glory. Creation, just as Rs Creator, does not thrust itself upon man, who sees the universe through the prism of his fall which in such a manner obscures and covers it, that he becomes more and more obdurate to the action of God.
Pharmacogenetics of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide: A Step Towards Personalized Type 2 Diabetes Management
Authors: Kyriakidou Artemis , Koufakis Theocharis , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Vasilopoulos Yiannis , Zebekakis Pantelis , Kotsa Kalliopi 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing
prevalence and a significant burden of long-term complications. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists
(GLP-1 RAs) are a novel treatment option for T2DM, exerting optimal effects on glucose control and weight
loss, and pleiotropic actions. Pharmacogenetics, a promising research field of precision medicine, investigates
how gene variations can affect individual response to drug therapy, assuming that the diverse genetic architecture
of patients with T2DM could be partly associated with the considerable inter-individual variability in the
therapeutic response to GLP-1 RAs. This review aims to summarize current evidence related to T2DM risk variants,
affecting the incretin pathway, focus on the pharmacogenetics of the GLP-1 RA liraglutide, and discuss
their potential clinical implications in the management of this complex disorder.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using electronic biomedical databases, and the findings of key
studies are summarized and discussed in this narrative review.

Results:
Available evidence suggests the involvement of genetic polymorphisms in GLP-1 Rgene in variation
in glycemic response, metabolic parameters and gastric emptying in people treated with liraglutide. Polymorphisms
in CNR1, CTRB1/2, TMEM114 and CHST3 loci were also shown to be implicated in the disturbance of
the incretin homeostasis in T2DM. These findings warrant further investigation by future studies.

Conclusion:
Robust findings from pharmacogenetic studies might be used to identify good responders to liraglutide
treatment, in terms of both glycemic and weight control, thus reinforcing the patient-centered approach of
T2DM management.
Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Groundwater, Water Distribution Network, Bottled Water and Juices in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marhamati Maasoumeh , Afshari Asma , Kiani Behzad , Jannat Behrooz , Hashemi Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Nitrate and nitrite can get into the body through the consumption of contaminated water either
directly or indirectly. The accumulation of these compounds in the body, in the long run, leads to health problems, for
example, digestive disorders, cancers, and even death threats in children. The aim of this review is to investigate nitrate and
nitrite pollution levels in drinking water and fruit juices in Iran.

Methods:
In this review data were collected through searching the Scientific Information Database, Science-Direct, Scopus,
PubMed, Google Scholar, and Magiran databases using the keywords Nitrate, Nitrite, Drinking water, Drinking Water
Resources, Juice and Iran. Finally, the location of the studies was geocoded through the Google My Maps
(https://www.google.com/mymaps) software.

Results:
Studies clearly indicated that the juices are safe in terms of nitrate. Nitrate and nitrite values were less than the
national and international standards in all samples of bottled drinking water except for a few of the studies. The results of
the reviewed studies also indicated that the nitrate content was higher than that written on the label in 96% of the samples,
and nitrite was not labeled in 80% of them. The nitrate quantity was higher than the permissible limit, in the water
distribution network of Bushehr, Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces. Talesh, Ardabil, Hashtgerd, Divandareh, and Kerman
cities had high nitrate levels in more than 50% of wells.

Conclusion:
Using nitrogen fertilizers and lack of a wastewater treatment system were the main reasons for the presence of
nitrate and nitrite.
Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated L-Lysine for Improving Cisplatin Delivery to Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ganji Mahdieh , Dashtestani Fariba , Neghab Hoda Keshmiri , Soheilifar Mohammad Hasan , Hakimian Fatemeh , Haghiralsadat Fatemeh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Nano drug delivery is a broad field of research on the development of novel
nano- carrier systems for effective therapeutic delivery of drugs. Here, an anticancer drug, cisplatin
(CDDP) conjugated Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) via L-Lysine (Lys) linker.

Methods:
The produced nanodrug (GNPs-Lys-CDDP) was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy,
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potentials and electron force microscopy. The cytotoxic efficacy
of the GNPs-Lys-CDDP against human breast cancer cells (SKBR3) and normal cells (MCF-
10A) was evaluatedby MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and morphology changes were assessed by
flowcytometery and Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EtBr) staining, respectively.

Results:
It was found that the GNPs-Lys-CDDP with a size of 85 nm and negatively charged with
a zeta-potential of about -25 mV could be taken up by tumor cells. A marked change in the UV
spectrum of GNPs-Lys-CDDP compare to GNPs showed a strong absorption shift in the 525 nm region.
The LD 50 of GNPs-Lys-CDDP against SKBR3 (1 μg.mL -1), was found to be 8 times lower
than that of naked CDDP against SKBR3 (8 μg.mL -1). The nanocomplex GNPs-Lys-CDDP also
significantly increased the apoptosis of SKBR3 with the lowest cytotoxic effects on normal cells.

Discussion:
This work indicates that GNPs effectively could decrease the lethal dose of CDDP to
87%. Hence, GNPs modified by Lys, could be a good nano-carrier for chemotherapeutic drugs.
Identification of Somatic Mutations in Dementia-related Genes in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kim Yong-Chan , Jeong Byung-Hoon 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Dementia is an overall term of brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease
(AD), tauopathies and synucleinopathies. To date, somatic mutations in dementia-related genes, including
the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene, PSEN2 gene, microtubule-
associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene and leucine-rich repeat kinase
2 (LRRK2) gene, have been considered one cause of dementia. We have questioned the impact of somatic
mutations in dementia-related genes on cancer.

Methods:
In the present study, we investigated somatic mutations in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT,
SNCA and LRRK2 genes and the impact of these somatic mutations.

Results:
From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found 1,643 somatic mutations in the
APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT, SNCA and LRRK2 genes in cancer patients. Strikingly, compared to the
distributions of cancer types in total cancer patients, somatic mutations in the dementia-related genes
showed an extremely low distribution in glioblastoma patients.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of dementia-related genes in
cancer patients.
Huntingtin Levels are Elevated in Hippocampal Post-Mortem Samples of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Winblad Bengt , Tjernberg Lars O. , Schedin-Weiss Sophia 
Published: December 2020

Background:
We have recently identified Huntingtin (Htt), the pathogenic protein in
Huntington’s disease, as a mediator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in an amyloid precursor protein
(APP) knock-in mouse model of AD. That finding prompted us to examine if Htt is accumulated in
the brains of AD patients and in which cell type Htt is present in the AD brain.

Objective:
To investigate whether location and levels of Htt are affected in hippocampus and frontal cortex
in AD.

Methods:
Brains from AD patients (n=11) and controls (n=11) were stained for Htt using immunohistochemistry
and signal intensity of Htt was quantified and localized in subregions and neurons. Confocal
microscopy was used to characterize neuronal Htt localisation and its relationship with tau tangles and
astrocytes.

Results:
Htt levels were increased in neuronal cells in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, in CA1
and CA3 in hippocampus and in layer III of the frontal cortex. Htt was found in the soma, perinuclear
space, thin neurites and nucleus of pyramidal neurons. Htt was present in neurons containing tau tangles
but did not colocalize with astrocytes.

Conclusion:
Htt accumulates in pyramidal neuron-rich areas including hippocampal subregions associated
with memory and frontal cortex layer III. The accumulation of Htt in AD shows distinct cellular
and morphological patterns and is not present in astrocytes. Clearly, further research is warranted to elucidate
the role of Htt as a mediator of AD pathology and the potential use of Htt as a target in future
therapeutic strategies.
In Silico Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease From Natural Sources: A Natural Weapon to Fight COVID-19
Authors: Debnath Bimal , Debnath Pradip , Ghosh Rajat , Debnath Sudhan 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The rapid spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally has created unprecedented health care and economic crisis. The ever-increasing
death toll highlights an urgent need for the development of specific antiviral to combat
Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective:
In the present study, we aimed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease
inhibitors from regularly used spices.

Methods:
A structure-based virtual screening (VS) of our in-house databank of 1152 compounds
was employed to identify small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro),
which are important protease for virus replication. The databank was built of the compounds from
ten spices and two medicinal plants.

Results:
The top three potential hits that resulted from VS were myricetin (1) available in Alium
cepa and Mentha piperita; α-hydroxyhydrocaffeic acid (2) available in M. Piperita; and luteolin
(3) available in M. Piperita, Curcuma longa, A. cepa, and Trigonella foenum-graecum, which
showed fair binding affinity to PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 compared to known SARS-CoV PLpro inhibitors.
The predicted Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) properties of
the selected hits showed that all are drug-like. The compounds bind to biologically critical regions
of the target protein, indicating their potential to inhibit the functionality of this component.

Conclusion:
There are only a few reports available in the literature on the in-silico identification of
PLpro inhibitors and most of them used homology modeling of protein. Here, we used the recently
uploaded X-ray crystal structure of PLpro (PDB ID: 6WX4) with a well-defined active site. Our
computational approach has resulted in the identification of effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2PLpro.
The reported edible spices may be useful against COVID-19 as a home remedy after an in-
-vitro study.
Figuras do imaginário pós-humano na obra de Gonçalo M. Tavares
Authors: Corga Pedro Luís 
Published: December 2020

A literatura de Gonçalo M. Tavares debruça-se sobre questões essenciais da vivência humana na contemporaneidade, os medos, angústias, motivações e a relação destas com um mundo dominado pela constante mudança, pela incerteza, pela ambiguidade e o paradoxo. Na sua escrita o autor chama a si aquilo que apelida de responsabilidade literária e moral do escritor neste início de século XXI, o dever de estar atento ao mundo que o rodeia e de o levar a sério, questionando, refletindo e provocando nos leitores inquietação perante questões fundamentais como o destino do ser humano no mundo tecnológico e globalizado do século XXI, a sua relação com a tecnologia, a ciência e as implicações na relação que mantém com o mundo natural. Esta artigo pretende, assim, encetar uma breve reflexão sobre as características mais marcantes da poética de Gonçalo M. Tavares à luz do conceito do pós-humano, através da leitura das suas obras mais marcantes. As obras pertences à tetralogia O reino e títulos como Uma Viagem à Índia, Atlas do Corpo e da Imaginação e Breves Notas sobre Ciência, farão parte desta nossa leitura pós-humana do universo literário de Gonçalo M. Tavares.
Особенности показателей функционального состояния печени, иммунного звена, цитокиновой регуляции и углеводного обмена у больных хроническими диффузными заболеваниями печени токсического генеза
Authors: Didenko V.I. , Tatarchuk О.M. , Melanich S.L. , Petishko O.P. 
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Проблема развития и прогрессирования хронических диффузных заболеваний печени в настоящее время является одной из наиболее важных в со­временной гастроэнтерологии, имеет общемедицинское и социальное значение. Цель: определить особенности показателей функционального состояния печени, иммунного звена, цитокиновой регуляции и углеводного обмена у больных хроническими диффузными заболеваниями печени алкогольного и медикаментозного генеза. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением было 50 больных хроническими диффузными заболеваниями печени: 27 пациентов с алкогольной болезнью печени (АБП), среди которых 16 (59,3 %) мужчин и 11 (40,7 %) женщин, средний возраст составил (37,6 ± 2,4) года; 23 обследованных с токсическим медикаментозным гепатитом (ТМГ) — 6 мужчин (26,1 %) и 17 (73,9 %) женщин в возрасте (49,2 ± 3,1) года. Всем больным проведено биохимическое и иммунологическое исследование крови. Также определяли уровень интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6), интерлейкина-10 (ИЛ-10), тумор-некротизирующего фактора роста α (TNF-α), индекс HOMA-IR. Результаты. Для большинства больных АБП и ТМГ характерно наличие цитолитического и холестатического синдромов, преимущественно минимальной степени активности. Признаки гиперкоагуляции были установлены в 2 раза чаще среди пациентов с АБП, чем среди больных с ТМГ (χ2 = 4,43; р < 0,05). При медикаментозном поражении печени в 6,5 раза чаще наблюдалось повышение уровня протромбинового индекса (χ2 = 10,87; р < 0,01). У пациентов с медикаментозным поражением печени установлено достоверное снижение количества Т-киллеров в 1,8 раза (р < 0,05) относительно группы контроля, тогда как у больных АХП определена активация гуморального звена иммунитета. При алкогольном поражении печени имело место достоверное увеличение ИЛ-6, TNF-α, соотношение провос­палительных и противовоспалительных цитокинов, развитие инсулинорезистентности, в то время как для больных с ТМГ характерно существенное снижение ИЛ-10. Выводы. Проведенный анализ особенностей функционального состояния печени, иммунного звена, цитокиновой регуляции и углеводного обмена у обследованных больных позволил выявить показатели, которые можно рассматривать в качестве лабораторных маркеров развития и прогрессирования токсических поражений печени.
Хирургическая тактика при лечении больных с грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы
Authors: Prolom N.V. , Shevchenko B.F. , Babii A.M. , Tarabarov S.A. , Galinsky A.A. 
Published: December 2020

Цель исследования: разработать показания к хирургическому лечению больных с грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (ГПОД) и оценить его результаты. Материалы и методы. В отделении хирургии органов пищеварения ГУ «Институт гастроэнтерологии НАМН Украины» за период 2017–2019 гг. обследовано и прооперировано 45 пациентов с грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы. Отдаленные результаты лечения изучены в сроки от 6 мес. до 2 лет у 19 (42,2 %) больных. Результаты. В наших исследованиях среди 45 оперированных пациентов у 27 (60,0 %) диагностирована аксиальная ГПОД (тип I), у 9 (20,0 %) — параэзофагеальная ГПОД (тип II), у 8 (17,8 %) — смешанная ГПОД (тип III), у 1 (2,2 %) — укорочение пищевода (тип IV). Гигантские ГПОД, требующие аллопластики, наблюдались у 8 (17,8 %) больных, укорочение пищевода на фоне больших ГПОД с формирующейся стриктурой нижней трети пищевода диагностировано у 1 (2,2 %) пациента. Крурорафия выполнена всем больным: задняя — в 24 (53,3 %) случаях, передняя и задняя — в 13 (28,9 %), аллопластика — в 8 (17,8 %). Проведены лапароскопические фундопликации: по Ниссену — у 36 (80,0 %) пациентов, по Тупе — у 6 (13,3 %), по Дору — у 3 (6,7 %). Летальных исходов не было. Средняя продолжительность вмешательства составила (135 ± 24) мин, среднее время фиксации трансплантата — (24 ± 12) мин. Выводы. Лапароскопические антирефлюксные операции являются высокоэффективными в лечении ГПОД, хорошо переносятся и характеризуются небольшой частотой осложнений (6 (13,3 %) случаев), быстрым восстановлением больных в послеоперационном периоде, что позволяет признать их операциями выбора в лечении данной патологии. Выбор метода хирургического вмешательства при ГПОД определяется особенностями анатомических взаимоотношений и задачами восстановления пищеводно-желудочного перехода и диафрагмы.
A Delphi panel on treatment of high disease activity relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in the Netherlands
Authors: Michels Renée E , Peters Michel L , Schiffers Krijn MH , Bouma Paul A , Hengstman Gerald ID , van Munster Caspar EP , Zeinstra Esther , Voer Gert De , Krol Marieke 
Published: December 2020

Aim:
To gain insight into current treatment and barriers to optimal treatment for high disease activity relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Netherlands.
Materials & methods:
A two-round Delphi panel using an online questionnaire was conducted. Seven MS neurologists from diverse locations in the Netherlands were invited to participate.
Result:
Out of the seven MS neurologists, five completed both questionnaire rounds.
Conclusion:
Effectiveness and side effects along with patient’s lesion load were the most important factors for choosing a disease modifying therapy (DMTs). Respondents felt restricted to optimally treat their patients due to reimbursement restrictions for certain disease modifying therapies, although agreed that satisfactory treatment options are currently available. The answers show consensus between the participating MS neurologists with high certainty of answers.
DESCRIÇÃO DE REAÇÕES TRANSFUSIONAIS IMEDIATAS NA FUNDAÇÃO ASSISTENCIAL DA PARAÍBA, BRASIL
Authors: Belém Lindomar de Farias , Nogueira Rômulo Guimarães , Leite Thiago Rangel , Costa Larissa Chaves , Alves Lúcia de Fátima Ponchet , Carneiro Ismênia Sousa 
Published: December 2020

A transfusão de hemocomponentes é um procedimento complexo, que está associado a um risco significativo de complicações. O objetivo da pesquisa foi detectar sinais e sintomas que evidenciassem possíveis reações adversas aos hemocomponentes utilizados pelos pacientes atendidos na Fundação Assistencial da Paraíba (FAP) e centro de cancerologia Dr. Ulisses Pinto. Tratou-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, descritivo com abordagens qualiquantitativas. A análise dos resultados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva, utilizando-se de técnicas como distribuição de frequências e médias de variáveis. Foram analisadas 547 transfusões sanguíneas, distribuídas num total de 137 receptores, o que resultou numa média de 4 bolsas/paciente, notando-se que a maioria delas foi realizada na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) adulta e Clínica Oncológica (68,9%). Foram encontrados registros de sinais e sintomas que transparecessem reações adversas a hemocomponentes em 18 transfusões. A maior frequência ocorreu na Clínica Oncológica (8). O hemocomponente mais utilizado foi o concentrado de hemácias (CH), correspondendo a 68% do total de unidades transfundidas. Todas as transfusões notificadas apresentaram sinais/sintomas de reações transfusionais agudas leves, mas duas apresentaram mais de um sintoma. As notificações de possíveis reações adversas podem ter sido subestimadas, visto que a hemovigilância é um ramo muito novo da hemoterapia no Brasil.