bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiral wave chimera states in regular and fractal neuronal networks
Authors: Santos Moises S , Protachevicz Paulo R , Caldas Iberê L , Iarosz Kelly C , Viana Ricardo L , Szezech José D , de Souza Silvio L T , Batista Antonio M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chimera states are spatial patterns in which coherent and incoherent patterns coexist. It was reported that small populations of coupled oscillators can exhibit chimera with transient nature. This spatial coexistence has been observed in various network topologies of coupled systems, such as coupled pendula, coupled chemical oscillators, and neuronal networks. In this work, we build two-dimensional neuronal networks with regular and fractal topologies to study chimera states. In the regular network, we consider a coupling between the nearest neighbours neurons, while the fractal network is constructed according to the square Cantor set. Our networks are composed of coupled adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neurons, that can exhibit spike or burst activities. Depending on the parameters, we find spiral wave chimeras in both regular and fractal networks. The spiral wave chimeras arise for different values of the intensity of the excitatory synaptic conductance. In our simulations, we verify the existence of multicore chimera states. The cores are made up of neurons with desynchronous behaviour and the spiral waves rotates around them. The cores can be related to bumps or spatially localised pulses of neuronal activities. We also show that the initial value of the adaptation current plays an important role in the existence of spiral wave chimera states.
The geriatrician’s role in end-of-life care
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Ahmedzai Sam H , Harwood Rowan H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Healthcare aims to help older people to live well, but ultimately must also support them to die well. Most people die in old age, but predicting death in both short- and long-term is impossible for many, although not all, older people. Frail older people live with hope and pride in coping, and often anticipate recovery when ill. Key objectives of healthcare for older people are to maintain independence, minimise suffering and preserve dignity, which requires active medical, mental health and rehabilitation management, even when extending life is not the main goal. Thorough medical diagnosis and appropriate treatment and rehabilitation minimise disability, physical and mental distress and problems resulting from acute illness and crises. In these terms, ‘health gain’ can be achieved from medical intervention, even when life expectancy is short. Assumptions derived from cancer care about lack of reversibility with medical interventions are sometimes unwarranted. This has to be balanced against investigation- and treatment-burden, including that associated with hospital admission and the adverse effects of drugs and therapy interventions, and the need to respect the identity and autonomy of individuals. The resolution of these tensions requires anticipation of care options, multi-professional assessment, judicious and targeted treatment, good communication with patients and stakeholders and rigorous shared decision-making. In this commentary, we compare geriatric and palliative medicine, and describe how the geriatric medical approach can deliver appropriate healthcare towards the end of life. This is well supported by the broad knowledge, skill-set, flexibility and professional values displayed by geriatricians working in multi-professional teams.
A case report of a primary cardiac lymphoma causing superior vena cava obstruction: the value of multimodality imaging in the clinical workup
Authors: Azzu Alessia , Antonopoulos Alexios S , Almogheer Batool , Mohiaddin Raad H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
This is a case report of a primary cardiac lymphoma with an unusual clinical presentation. We hereby illustrate the characteristic features of cardiac lymphomas by multimodality imaging and particularly cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) that can help reach a timely diagnosis non-invasively and guide treatment decisions.

Case summary
A 58-year-old woman, without significant past medical history, presented with a 3-week history of shortness of breath associated with facial and neck swelling. Transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the presence of a cardiac mass in the right atrium. Cardiac magnetic resonance helped to characterize the mass, assess its haemodynamic significance and relation to cardiac structures, and reach a non-invasive diagnosis that was crucial for guiding treatment decisions and interventions.

Discussion
Cardiac masses have distinct imaging features that can help differentiate malignant from benign cardiac tumours. More specifically, primary cardiac lymphomas can be relatively easy diagnosed by CMR in most cases thanks to their characteristic imaging appearance.
Social media in cardiovascular medicine: a contemporary review
Authors: Ladeiras-Lopes Ricardo , Baciu Lavinia , Grapsa Julia , Sohaib Afzal , Vidal-Perez Rafael , Bohm Allan , Silvola Harri , Gimenez Maria Rubini , Muscoli Saverio , Wallner Markus , Rakisheva Amina , Nagy Vivien Klaudia , Cowie Martin R , Clarke Sarah C , Achenbach Stephan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Social media increasingly impact both the private and professional lives of the majority of the population, including individuals engaged in cardiovascular healthcare and research. Healthcare providers across the world use social media platforms such as Twitter or Facebook to find medical and scientific information, to follow scientific meetings, to discuss individual clinical cases with colleagues, and to engage with patients. While social media provide a means for fast, interactive and accessible communication without geographic boundaries, their use to obtain and disseminate information has limitations and the potential threats are not always clearly understood. Governance concerns include a lack of rigorous quality control, bias due to the pre-selection of presented content by filter algorithms, and the risk of inadvertent breach of patient confidentiality. This article provides information and guidance regarding the role and use of social media platforms in cardiovascular medicine, with an emphasis on the new opportunities for the dissemination of scientific information and continuing education that arise from their responsible use.
Exercise, Processing Speed, and Subsequent Falls: A Secondary Analysis of a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Davis Jennifer C , Falck Ryan S , Best John R , Dao Elizabeth , Vesely Kristin , Ghag Cheyenne , Rosano Caterina , Hsu C L , Dian Larry , Cook Wendy , Madden Kenneth M , Khan Karim M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Strength and balance retraining exercises reduce the rate of subsequent falls in community-dwelling older adults who have previously fallen. Exercise can also improve cognitive function, including processing speed. Given processing speed predicts subsequent falls, we aimed to determine whether improved processing speed mediated the effects of the Otago Exercise Program on the rate of subsequent: (i) total falls, (ii) non-injurious falls, (iii) moderate injurious falls, and (iv) serious injurious falls.

Method
A secondary complete case analysis of a 12-month, single-blind, randomized clinical trial among 256 of 344 adults aged at least 70 years who fell in the previous 12 months. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive usual care plus the Otago Exercise Program (n = 123) or usual care (n = 133), consisting of fall prevention care provided by a geriatrician. The primary outcome was self-reported number of falls over 12 months (ie, rate of falls). Processing speed was assessed at baseline and at 12 months by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Causal mediation analyses were conducted using quasi-Bayesian estimates and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Exercise significantly reduced the rate of subsequent moderate injurious falls (IRR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.77; p = .002) and improved processing speed (estimated mean difference: 1.16 points; 95% CI: 0.11, 2.21). Improved DSST mediated the effect of exercise on the rate of subsequent moderate injurious falls (estimate: −0.06; 95% CI: −0.15, −0.001; p = .036).

Conclusion
Improved processing speed may be a mechanism by which exercise reduces subsequent moderate injurious falls in older adults who fell previously.

Clinical Trials Registration Number
ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System:
NCT01029171: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01029171
NCT00323596: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00323596
IVF with or without ICSI and the impact on human embryonic brain development: the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort
Authors: Husen Sofie C , Koning Irene V , Go Attie T J I , Groenenberg Irene A L , Willemsen Sten P , Rousian Melek , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Does IVF with or without ICSI (IVF/ICSI) treatment impact the development of embryonic brain structures?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Our results show associations between IVF/ICSI treatment, smoking and slightly increased sizes of early human embryonic brain structures.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
The number of IVF/ICSI procedures is increasing worldwide and is associated with higher risks of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnancies.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
One hundred seventy-five women with a singleton pregnancy were included in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict study).

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Self-reported questionnaires, verified by a research assistant at enrollment, provided information on periconceptional maternal characteristics and mode of conception. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) examinations were performed at 9 and 11 weeks of gestational age (GA). Diencephalon total diameter (DTD), mesencephalon total diameter (MTD) and telencephalon thickness on the left and right site (TTL/TTR) were measured offline in standardized planes using 4D View software. Linear regression models with adjustment for GA, maternal age, body mass index, moment of initiation of folic acid supplement use and smoking were used to study associations between mode of conception and embryonic brain measurements at 9 and 11 weeks of GA.

MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE
A total of 276 3D-US scans of 166 participants, of which 50 conceived through IVF/ICSI, were included for embryonic brain measurements. Success rates of the DTD and MTD measurements were between 67% and 73% and of the TTL/TTR between 52% and 57%. In the fully adjusted model, we found that at 11 weeks of GA, the MTD (ß = 0.264, 95% CI = 0.101; 0.427, P &lt; 0.01) and TTR (ß = 0.075, 95% CI = 0.001; 0.149, P &lt; 0.05) sizes were larger in IVF/ICSI pregnancies. In addition, smoking also resulted in larger TTL measurements at 11 weeks of GA (ß = 0.095, 95% CI= 0.005; 0.186, P &lt; 0.05).

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The implications of these small deviations on brain functioning need further investigation.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Enlargement of attention for prenatal brain development and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome after IVF/ICSI treatment.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS
This study was funded by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, and Sophia research foundation for Medical Research, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (SSWO grant number 644). No competing interests are declared.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A
Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Laelia suffusa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Lymantriinae)
Authors: Li Jing , Lv Qing , Zhang Xiao-man , Han Hui-lin , Zhang Ai-bing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of a white tussock moth, Laelia suffusa (Walker, 1855) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Lymantriinae), was sequenced and annotated. The genome sequence was 15,502 bp in length and comprised 13 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and a single noncoding control region (CR). The nucleotide composition of the genome was highly A + T biased, accounting for 79.04% of the whole genome and with a slightly positive AT skewness (0.015). Comparing the gene order with the basal species of Lepidoptera, a typical trnM rearrangement was detected in the mitogenome of L. suffusa. Besides, the trnM rearrangement was found at the head of trnI and trnQ, rather than at the back. The 13 PCGs used ATN as their start codons, except for the cox1 which used CGA. Out of the 22 tRNAs, only 1 tRNA (trnS1) failed to fold in a typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The conserved motif ‘ATAGA + poly-T’ was detected at the start of the control region which was similar to other Lepidoptera species. In total, 10 overlapping regions and 19 intergenic spacers were identified, ranging from 1 to 41 and 2 to 73 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Lymantriinae was a monophyletic group with a high support value and L. suffusa was closely related to tribe Orgyiini (Erebidae, Lymantriinae). Moreover, the phylogenetic relationship of Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) species was reconstructed using two datasets (13 PCGs and 37 genes) and these supported the topology of (Notodontidae + (Erebidae + (Nolidae + (Euteliidae + Noctuidae)))).
BCL7C suppresses ovarian cancer growth by inactivating mutant p53
Authors: Huang Canhua , Hao Qian , Shi Getao , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7 protein family member C (BCL7C) located at chromosome 16p11.2 shares partial sequence homology with the other two family members, BCL7A and BCL7B. Its role in cancer remains completely unknown. Here, we report our finding of its tumor-suppressive role in ovarian cancer. Supporting this is that BCL7C is downregulated in human ovarian carcinomas, and its underexpression is associated with unfavorable prognosis of ovarian cancer as well as some other types of human cancers. Also, ectopic BCL7C restrains cell proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Consistently, depletion of BCL7C reduces apoptosis and promotes cell proliferation and invasion of these cancer cells. Mechanistically, BCL7C suppresses mutant p53-mediated gene transcription by binding to mutant p53, while knockdown of BCL7C enhances the expression of mutant p53 target genes in ovarian cancer cells. Primary ovarian carcinomas that sustain low levels of BCL7C often show the elevated expression of mutant p53 target genes. In line with these results, BCL7C abrogates mutant p53-induced cell proliferation and invasion, but had no impact on proliferation and invasion of cancer cells with depleted p53 or harboring wild-type p53. Altogether, our results demonstrate that BCL7C can act as a tumor suppressor to prevent ovarian tumorigenesis and progression by counteracting mutant p53 activity.
Likelihood-free inference with neural compression of DES SV weak lensing map statistics
Authors: Jeffrey Niall , Alsing Justin , Lanusse François 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In many cosmological inference problems, the likelihood (the probability of the observed data as a function of the unknown parameters) is unknown or intractable. This necessitates approximations and assumptions, which can lead to incorrect inference of cosmological parameters, including the nature of dark matter and dark energy, or create artificial model tensions. Likelihood-free inference covers a novel family of methods to rigorously estimate posterior distributions of parameters using forward modelling of mock data. We present likelihood-free cosmological parameter inference using weak lensing maps from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification data, using neural data compression of weak lensing map summary statistics. We explore combinations of the power spectra, peak counts, and neural compressed summaries of the lensing mass map using deep convolution neural networks. We demonstrate methods to validate the inference process, for both the data modelling and the probability density estimation steps. Likelihood-free inference provides a robust and scalable alternative for rigorous large-scale cosmological inference with galaxy survey data (for DES, Euclid, and LSST). We have made our simulated lensing maps publicly available.
Hot X-ray onsets of solar flares
Authors: Hudson Hugh S , Simões Paulo J A , Fletcher Lyndsay , Hayes Laura A , Hannah Iain G 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The study of the localized plasma conditions before the impulsive phase of a solar flare can help us understand the physical processes that occur leading up to the main flare energy release. Here, we present evidence of a hot X-ray ‘onset’ interval of enhanced isothermal plasma temperatures in the range of 10–15 MK over a period of time prior to the flare’s impulsive phase. This ‘hot onset’ interval occurs during the initial soft X-ray increase and definitely before any detectable hard X-ray emission. The isothermal temperatures, estimated by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X-ray sensor, and confirmed with data from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, show no signs of gradual increase, and the ‘hot onset’ phenomenon occurs regardless of flare classification or configuration. In a small sample of four representative flare events, we tentatively identify this early hot onset soft X-ray emission to occur within footpoint and low-lying loop regions, rather than in coronal structures, based on images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. We confirm this via limb occultation of a flaring region. These hot X-ray onsets appear before there is evidence of collisional heating by non-thermal electrons, and hence challenge the standard modelling techniques.
Examining the Spatial Concentration of Mental Health Calls for Police Service in a Small City
Authors: Koziarski Jacek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, police services have begun deploying more robust responses to calls for service involving persons with perceived mental illness (PwPMI), but at times do so in a limited capacity because of various challenges. Drawing from established evidence-based policing practices, a more efficient use of these responses may be to proactively deploy them instead, focusing their efforts on hot spots of PwPMI calls. Unfortunately, little is known about PwPMI call concentrations. Therefore, this study seeks to contribute to the literature by not only examining the concentration of these calls within a small city, but also by introducing new methods and a new measure of concentration to the literature. Drawing on 6 years of calls for service data, the results reveal that a high proportion of PwPMI calls are concentrated in few spatial units—more so than in larger jurisdictions. Further analyses also reveal dispersion of these concentrations.
Do local characteristics act in a similar way for the first two waves of COVID-19? Analysis at intraurban level in Barcelona
Authors: Arauzo-Carod Josep-Maria , Domènech Antoni , Gutiérrez Aaron 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
This paper concerns the spatial determinants of the first two waves of COVID-19 at the neighbourhood level.

Methods
Using data for the first and second waves of COVID-19 at the neighbourhood level in Barcelona, we analyse whether local characteristics acted in the same way during the two waves and identify typologies of areas depending on such determinants. Univariate and bivariate local Moran’s I and count data models are used.

Results
Some structural effects at the neighbourhood level consistently either boost (e.g. population density) or reduce (e.g. income) COVID-19 cases. Other effects differ between the two waves (i.e. age composition, schools and transport infrastructures).

Conclusions
Since certain characteristics influenced the virus diffusion in opposite ways between the two pandemic waves, territorial heterogeneity alone is insufficient to explain COVID-19 outbreaks—individual behaviour also needs to be factored in. Consequently, both econometric and spatial analysis techniques are recommended for tracking the spatiotemporal spread of this disease and for monitoring the effectiveness of policy measures across heterogeneous neighbourhoods.
Attendance at London workplaces after symptom onset: a retrospective cohort study of staff members with confirmed COVID-19
Authors: Jain Vageesh , Waghorn Maria , Thorn-Heathcock Rachel , Lamb Peter , Bell Anita , Addiman Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID)-secure workplace guidance, including the prompt self-isolation of those with COVID-19 symptoms, is fundamental to disease control in workplaces. Despite guidance, a large number of workplace outbreaks have been observed. This study aimed to identify the proportion of symptomatic staff members attending workplaces after symptom onset or testing, and associated factors.MethodsThis study of symptomatic COVID-19 cases associated with London workplaces used London Coronavirus Response Centre (LCRC) records from routine telephone calls with cases and employers, from 17th July to 10th September. For each case, symptoms, date of onset, date of testing and the last attendance at work were extracted. Univariable logistic regression was performed to investigate whether age, gender or occupation was associated with workplace attendance after the onset of symptoms.ResultsOut of 130 symptomatic COVID-19 cases, 42 (32.3%) attended the workplace after their reported date of symptom onset, including 16 (12.3%) with recorded COVID-19 symptoms. Five staff members attended after COVID-19 testing. Males were 66% less likely to attend the workplace after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms compared to females (odds ratio 0.34, P = 0.05). Age and occupation were not predictive for workplace attendance after the onset of symptoms.ConclusionA minority of symptomatic cases attended the workplace after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, with a smaller proportion attending after testing. Males appeared less likely to attend the workplace after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. This study highlights the need for ongoing COVID-19 secure workplace practices and prompt self-isolation after COVID-19 symptom onset or testing.
Moss mimesispar excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)
Authors: Imada Yume 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDifferent physical structures play a central role in animal camouflage. However, in evolutionary studies of mimicry, the ecological and evolutionary significance of such structures has been poorly investigated. Larvae of long-bodied craneflies, Cylindrotominae, are all obligate herbivores and resemble plants. They are distinctively characterized by possessing numerous elongated cuticular lobes on the integument. A comprehensive overview of the biology and morphology of cylindrotomids, particularly their larval stages, is laid out, providing original data on nine species. To explore the ecological background of moss resemblance, host-plants of most examined species are clarified, revealing that terrestrial moss-feeding species tend to use specific groups of mosses, either belonging to Bryales or Hypnales. However, the evolution of cryptic forms remains paradoxical, due to the apparent absence of visual predators. Based on histological examinations, extensive internal musculatures within the cuticular lobes on the lateral side are discovered, shedding new light on their function in locomotion. Traditional functional explanations for these lobes, particularly as devices for respiration, locomotion and attachment, are challenged. This study promotes our understanding of the ecomorphology of mimicry devices, which is an angle often dismissed in evolutionary studies of mimicry.