bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Distinguished Amino Acid Sequences of 2019-nCoV (Wuhan Coronavirus)
Authors: Beal Jacob , Mitchell Thomas , Wyschogrod Daniel , Manthey Jeff , Clore Adam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing a method for pathogen screening in DNA synthesis orders, we have identified a number of amino acid sequences that distinguish 2019-nCoV (Wuhan Coronavirus) from all other known viruses inCoronaviridae. We find three main regions of unique sequence: two in the 1ab polyprotein QHO60603.1, one in surface glycoprotein QHO60594.1.
Transcranialin vivodetection of amyloid-beta at single plaque resolution with large-field multifocal illumination fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Ni Ruiqing , Chen Zhenyue , Shi Gloria , Villois Alessia , Zhou Quanyu , Arosio Paolo , Nitsch Roger M. , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Klohs Jan , Razansky Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe abnormal deposition of beta-amyloid proteins in the brain is one of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Currently available intravital microscopy techniques for high-resolution plaque visualization commonly involve highly invasive procedures and are limited to a small field-of-view within the rodent brain. Here, we report the transcranial detection of amyloid-beta deposits at the whole brain scale with 20 μm resolution in APP/PS1 and arcAβ mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease amyloidosis using a large-field multifocal (LMI) fluorescence microscopy technique. Highly sensitive and specific detection of amyloid-beta deposits at a single plaque level in APP/PS1 and arcAβ mice was facilitated using luminescent conjugated oligothiophene HS-169. Immunohistochemical staining with HS-169, anti-Aβ antibody 6E10, and conformation antibodies OC (fibrillar) of brain tissue sections further showed that HS-169 resolved compact parenchymal and vessel-associated amyloid deposits. The novel imaging platform offers new prospects forin vivostudies into Alzheimer’s disease mechanisms in animal models as well as longitudinal monitoring of therapeutic responses at a single plaque level.
Challenging a preconception: Optoacoustic spectrum differs from the absorption spectrum of proteins and dyes for molecular imaging
Authors: Werner Juan Pablo Fuenzalida , Huang Yuanhui , Mishra Kanuj , Janowski Robert , Vetschera Paul , Chmyrov Andriy , Niessing Dierk , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Stiel Andre C. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTOptoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging has seen marked technological advances in detection and data analysis, but there is less progress in understanding the photophysics of optoacoustic signal generation of commonly used contrast agents, such as dyes and chromoproteins. This gap blocks the precise development of novel agents and the accurate analysis and interpretation of Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) images. To close it, we developed a multimodal laser spectrometer (MLS) to enable the simultaneous measurement of optoacoustic, absorbance, and fluorescence spectra. MLS provides reproducible, high-quality optoacoustic (non-radiative) spectra by using correction and referencing workflow. Herein, we employ MLS to analyze several common dyes (Methylene Blue, Rhodamine 800, Alexa Fluor 750, IRDye 800CW and Indocyanine green) and proteins (sfGFP, mCherry, mKate, HcRed, iRFP720 and smURFP) and shed light on their internal conversion properties. Our data shows that the optical absorption spectra do not correlate with the optoacoustic spectra for the majority of the analytes. We determine that for dyes, the transition underlying the high energy shoulder, which mostly correlates with an aggregation state of the dyes, has significantly more optoacoustic signal generation efficiency than the monomer transition. Our analyses for proteins point to a favored vibrational relaxation and optoacoustic signal generation that stems from the neutral or zwitterionic chromophores. We were able to crystalize HcRed in its optoacoustic state, confirming the change isomerization respect to its fluorescence state. Such data is highly relevant for the engineering of tailored contrast agents for optoacoustic imaging. Furthermore, discrepancies between absorption and optoacoustic spectra underline the importance of correct spectral information as a prerequisite for the spectral-unmixing schemes that are often required forin vivoimaging. Finally, optoacoustic spectra of some of the most commonly used proteins and dyes in optical imaging, recorded on our MLS, reveal previously unknown photophysical characteristics, such as unobserved photo-switching behavior.
The Superior Frontal Longitudinal Tract: Connection between the Dorsal Premotor and the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices
Authors: Bakhit Mudathir , Fujii Masazumi , Hiruta Ryo , Yamada Masayuki , Iwami Kenichiro , Sato Taku , Saito Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe structural connection between the dorsal premotor (PMd) and the lateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) has been revealed, in a few studies, as the frontal longitudinal system (FLS). This study conducted a tractography analysis and a limited, postmortem, white-fiber dissection to investigate the superior FLS tract (SFLT) and analyze both its symmetry and termination point patterns. An analysis of spatial location, termination points, laterality, and correlation with the subjects’ gender or handedness was performed. SFLT was constructed in 100% of right and 88% of left hemispheres. The tracts exhibited variable patterns in different subjects in their posterior terminations. Additionally, the SFLT was found to possess a complex spatial relationship with the adjacent bundles. The SFLT was revealed successfully in two right hemispheres, where the posterior terminations were found to originate in the PMd, and its posterior terminations being totally separate from the superior longitudinal fasciculus.
Loss of a conserved MAPK causes catastrophic failure in assembly of a specialized cilium-like structure inToxoplasma gondii
Authors: O’Shaughnessy William J. , Hu Xiaoyu , Beraki Tsebaot , McDougal Matthew , Reese Michael L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrimary cilia are important organizing centers that control diverse cellular processes. Apicomplexan parasites likeToxoplasma gondiihave a specialized cilium-like structure called the conoid that organizes the secretory and invasion machinery critical for the parasites’ lifestyle. The proteins that initiate the biogenesis of this structure are largely unknown. We identified theToxoplasmaortholog of the conserved kinase ERK7 as essential to conoid assembly. Parasites in which ERK7 has been depleted lose their conoids late during maturation and are immotile and thus unable to invade new host cells. This is the most severe phenotype to conoid biogenesis yet reported, and is made more striking by the fact that ERK7 is not a conoid protein, as it localizes just basal to the structure. ERK7 has been recently implicated in ciliogenesis in metazoan cells, and our data suggest that this kinase has an ancient and central role in regulating ciliogenesis throughout Eukaryota.
Beyond prohibition: responses to illicit drugs in West Africa in an evolving policy context
Authors: Nelson Ediomo-Ubong , Obot Isidore 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss priorities for effective responses to illicit drugs in West Africa in a changing international policy environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper analyzes published research, technical papers and reports on drug use and policy responses in West Africa and opines on priorities for drug policy in the region within the post-United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) 2016 policy environment.

Findings
Drug use and related harms continue to increase in West African countries despite efforts to reduce drug trafficking and use through legal prohibition. The UNGASS 2016 outcome document enables flexibility in policy interpretation and implementation, which provides an opportunity for governments to prioritize national needs in drug policy. West African countries should prioritize and support research and data collection, prevention, treatment and harm reduction and sustainable livelihoods.

Originality/value
The paper emphasizes the need for West African countries to seize the opportunity created by the ineffectiveness and weakening of the prohibition regime as well as new treaty flexibility following UNGASS 2016 to reform drug policies to prioritize regional and national needs.
Determining key drivers of efficient electricity management practices in public universities in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Nunayon Sunday Segbenu , Olanipekun Emmanuel Abiodun , Famakin Ibukun Oluwadara 
Published: February 2020

PurposeUniversity campuses are one of the major consumers of electricity. Therefore, it is important to investigate factors related to electricity saving. This study aims to examine the key drivers in achieving efficient electricity management (EEM) practices in public universities.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objective, 23 drivers of EEM practices were identified through a comprehensive literature review and an empirical questionnaire survey was performed with 1,386 electricity end-users of three public universities having staff and students’ halls of residences in Nigeria. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 21) to identify the number of components that could represent the 23 identified drivers.FindingsThe relative importance index ranking results indicated that 18 drivers were critical. The top five most critical drivers were understanding of the issues, understanding the vision and goal of an energy management programme, knowledge and skill, risk identification and good and effective communication among relevant stakeholders. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that the underlying grouped drivers were raising awareness, top management support and robust energy management team, risk management and stakeholders’ participation. This study also indicates that the most dominant of the four underlying groups was raising awareness, which highlights the role of increasing awareness and public consciousness as a significant catalyst in promoting EEM practices in public universities.Research limitations/implicationsGeographically, this study is limited to the opinion of respondents in public university campuses in Nigeria. Although this study could form the basis for future studies, its limitation must be considered carefully when interpreting and generalizing the results.Practical implicationsThis paper has highlighted a few drivers of EEM practices in public universities. The results of this study present scientific evidence that can be used as a basis for formulating public policies that could be incorporated into the energy management regulations of university buildings. It is most important for policymakers to pay adequate attention to the most critical drivers especially those that are related to the “raising awareness” factor to promote sustainable campuses.Originality/valueThis study provides practical knowledge for university management to develop effective methods to implement the identified drivers of efficient and sustainable electricity management on the campus. This study also contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of energy management.
Corruption and FDI inflow to Nigeria: a nonlinear ARDL approach
Authors: Zangina Suleiman , Hassan Sallahuddin 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to empirically explore the asymmetric relationship between corruption control and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The study utilized the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bounds test technique for the time-series analysis covering the period 1984-2017.

Findings
The findings reveal that corruption inhibits FDI inflow and corruption control has asymmetric effects on FDI inflow to Nigeria. The coefficient of positive shock or changes in respect of corruption control is positive as well as statistically significant during the long run, while the coefficient of negative shock is negative, but statistically insignificant. This implies that improvement in corruption control encourages inflow of FDI to the country, whereas a decrease in corruption control has an insignificant effect.

Practical implications
Nigeria needs to intensify its corruption control efforts to effectively enhance the conduciveness as well as attractiveness of its business operating environment for FDI inflow.

Originality/value
This paper is among the first to use time-series analytical process to empirically verify the asymmetric association of corruption control and FDI inflow in Nigeria. In this regard, the insight generated by outcomes of the study will enable specific inferences to be drawn from the empirical findings by policy makers, academic researchers and business practitioners.
Budget allocation design in the EU pre-commercial procurement for innovation
Authors: Dimitri Nicola 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Pre-commercial procurement (PCP), introduced by the European Commission in 2007, is the most important purchasing procedure available to the European Union public sector to solicit innovative solutions from the business sector. As such solutions are not yet in the market, they first require research and development (R&D) activities. PCP is concerned with procuring R&D services only, and typically consists of three phases. This paper aims to discuss how the budget available to the contracting authority (CA) may be optimally allocated along such three phases.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is mostly theoretical and the CA is assumed to maximise the overall probability of success in the PCP, that is the probability of receiving at least one successful proposal at the end of the procedure.

Findings
The main finding of the paper suggests that, for a CA, the optimal budget allocation across the three phases of the PCP depends on how likely it is to receive successful proposals in various stages of the procedure, as well as on the rewards paid to the invited companies.

Practical implications
In this paper, the author proposes a methodology for the optimal budget allocation of a CA and discusses how the approach could be practically implemented, pointing out its potential difficulties.

Social implications
The main social implication of the findings is represented by the best use of the available budget, hence taxpayers’ money.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, no existing paper has discussed the optimal budget allocation in a PCP as in this work.
Intermetallics evolution and its reliability effects on micro-joints in flip chip assemblies
Authors: Tian Ye , Fang Heng , Ren Ning , Qiu Chao , Chen Fan , Sitaraman Suresh 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to assess precise correlations between intermetallic compounds (IMCs) microstructure evolutions and the reliability of micro-joints with a Cu/SAC305solder/Ni structure using thermal shock (TS) tests.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses 200-µm pitch silicon flip chips with nickel (Ni) pads and stand-off height of approximately 60 µm, assembled on substrates with copper (Cu) pads. After assembly, the samples were subjected to air-to-air thermal shock testing from 55 to 125 per cent. The transfer time was less than 5 s, and the dwell time at each temperature extreme was 15 min. To investigate the microstructure evolution and crack growth, two samples were removed from the thermal shock chamber at 0, 400, 1,200, 2,000, 5,800 and 7,000 cycles.

Findings
The results showed that one (Cu, Ni)6Sn5/(Ni, Cu)3Sn4 dual-layer structure formed at the Ni pad interface of chip side dominates the micro-joints failure. This is because substantial (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 grain boundaries provide a preferential pathway for the catastrophic crack growth. Other IMCs microstructure evolutions that cause the prevalent joints failure as previously reported, i.e. thickened interfacial (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and Ni3P layer, and coarsened IMCs inside the solder matrix, only contributed to the occurrence of fine cracks. Moreover, the typical interfacial IMCs spalling triggered by thermally induced stress did not take place in this study, showing a positive impact in the micro-joint reliability.

Originality/value
As sustained trends toward multi-functionality and miniaturization of microelectronic devices, the joints size is required to be constantly scaled down in advanced packages. This arises a fact that the reliability of small-size joints is more sensitive to the IMCs because of their high volume proportion and greatly complicated microstructure evolutions. This paper evaluated precise correlations between IMCs microstructure evolutions and the reliability of micro-joints with a Cu/SAC305solder/Ni structure using TS tests. It found that one (Cu, Ni)6Sn5/(Ni, Cu)3Sn4 dual-layer structure formed at the Ni pad interface dominate the micro-joints failure, whereas other IMCs microstructure evolutions that cause the prevalent joints failure exhibited nearly negligible effects.
Does new performance appraisal system (EVA) affect earnings management?
Authors: He Weifeng , Chen Liping , Liu Wei 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Currently, most research studies focus on ownership reforms and governance reforms, while only a few research studies focus on management system innovations. Based on an evolution of state-owned enterprises’ (SOEs) performance appraisal systems, this paper investigates the influence of performance appraisal system on earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a natural experiment that central government-owned enterprises (CGOEs) carried out economic value-added performance appraisal (EVA-PA) in 2010, the authors adapt difference-in-difference method to analyze the relationship between EVA-PA and earnings management choice. Furthermore, the authors consider the situation which contained financial status, separation between decision-making rights and decision-control rights, separation between ownership and control and industrial characteristics.

Findings
The research finds that after carrying out EVA-PA, CGOEs prefer accrual-based earnings management to real earnings management, and there is substitution effect between the two types of earnings management. Moreover, further research studies reveal that enterprises suffering losses in the previous year and featuring higher separation between decision-making rights and decision-control rights and higher separation between ownership and control have stronger earnings management motive under EVA-PA. In contrast, enterprises achieving satisfactory financial performance in the previous year and engaging in businesses within protective industry have weaker earnings management motive under EVA-PA. After the implementation of EVA-PA, accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management both impair operating performances of CGOEs.

Originality/value
Theoretically, this paper enriches research studies on earnings management from the perspective of incentive mechanism and expands research studies on economic consequences of EVA-PA. In addition, it validates the relationship between the two types of earnings management. As an important mechanism of corporate management and control, performance appraisal system is an important part for establishing ownership management system and improving internal management system of SOEs.
Exploring the effects of technology and innovation on changing market requirements and the evolving maritime curriculum
Authors: Smith Johnson Evette M. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine, through the lenses of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the imperative of curricular re-structuring in maritime education and training (MET) and the use of market needs analysis to prevent misalignment between training and ultimate job market need.

Design/methodology/approach
Peer-reviewed material was analyzed, and this examination was undertaken by looking at the literature on curriculum design, curriculum planning and curriculum evaluation. Attention was then given as to how these elements of curriculum should be applied to the discipline of MET and its didactics. This was twinned with an examination of the industry needs met by the delivery of the MET content.

Findings
The study found that the MET sector must respond to change to remain relevant and viable. This imperative of evolution in response to change is equally a truism for the business of shipping (to include the merchant marine industry, cruise tourism and hospitality) as it is for the business of higher education (HE), specifically MET.

Practical implications
The review saw where in 2017 the President of Rolls Royce Marine declared that “Autonomous shipping is the future of the maritime industry”. With this innovation, market needs for skills will shift from the able-bodied seafarer to a robust knowledge base in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Just as the internet transformed how humans interact with one another, CPSs will transform how we interact with the physical world around us. This reality will necessitate change in instruction, curriculum planning and outcome in MET.

Social implications
Many educational institutions which are stuck in traditional didactics are on the cusp of closure because technology-enhanced learning has overtaken and outstripped the old ways. Indeed, technology and innovation are sounding the death knell for traditional didactics in MET.

Originality/value
The paper examines the discipline of MET as unique and robust area of specialized HE. MET focuses on the equipping of the human element in shipping. It is the engine behind a multi-billion-dollar industry that is driven by the global trade that is facilitated by ships and ports. This trade extends to the maritime tourism and hospitality business. This paper is of value to maritime educators and trainers in the cruise and hospitality industry. Herein is the significance of this review.
Drivers of plant traits that allow survival in wetlands
Authors: Pan Yingji , Cieraad Ellen , Clarkson Beverley R. , Colmer Timothy D. , Pedersen Ole , Visser Eric J. W. , Voesenek Laurentius A. C. J. , van Bodegom Peter M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Plants have developed a suite of traits to survive the anaerobic and anoxic soil conditions in wetlands. Previous studies on wetland plant adaptive traits have focused mainly on physiological aspects under experimental conditions, or compared the trait expression of the local species pool. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of potential factors driving wetland plant adaptive traits under natural environmental conditions is still missing.

In this study, we analysed three important wetland adaptive traits, that is root porosity, root/shoot ratio and underwater photosynthetic rate, to explore driving factors using a newly compiled dataset of wetland plants. Based on 21 studies at 38 sites across different biomes, we found that root porosity was affected by an interaction of temperature and hydrological regime; root:shoot ratio was affected by temperature, precipitation and habitat type; and underwater photosynthetic rate was affected by precipitation and life‐form. This suggests that a variety of driving mechanisms affect the expression of different adaptive traits.

The quantitative relationships we observed between the adaptive traits and their driving factors will be a useful reference for future global methane and denitrification modelling studies. Our results also stress that besides the traditionally emphasized hydrological driving factors, other factors at several spatial scales should also be taken into consideration in the context of future functional wetland ecology.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.