bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Thermal Comfort under The Shade of Varied Tree Canopy Form and Distance from The Stem
Authors: Fadhlurrahman M M , Nasrullah N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Comfort environment is one of important goal in urban landscape development. Tree as main element of green open space has a function to reduce urban heat island problems by providing a shade. Trees with its various canopy form might have different effects based on how the canopy block and absorb the sunlight heat. This research aimed to find out the effects of shade from various canopy form in different distances form the trees. There were seven trees species chosen which representing different canopy form, namely Acacia mangium Willd., Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C. Nielsen, Ficus benjamina L., Bucida molineti (M.Gómez) Alwan & Stace, Palaquium amboinensis Burck, Agathis dammara (Lamb.) Rich., and Thuja orientalis L. The measurement of air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were done below the shade in the distance up to three times of the canopy radius at the east and west side of the tree with once in an hour duration from morning until evening (09.00 a.m. – 02.00 p.m.). Supportive data like tree position, height, stem diameter, and leaf density were observed to know the existing condition. Thermal comfort was indicated by using Temperature Humidity Index (THI). The results showed that there were correlation between tree canopy density represented by Leaf Area Index (LAI) and distance from tree with temperature and humidity. Trees with dense canopy has lower temperature and higher humidity by equation y = -2.0337x + 37.19 for temperature and y = 8.1354x + 48.247 for humidity. Meanwhile, the further the distance from the tree, the higher the temperature and the lower the humidity. All trees was categorized uncomfortable by THI method, but Bucida molineti with opened-columnar canopy form has the lowest THI value.
Evaluation of Step Feeding Strategy in One-Stage Simultaneous Partial Nitritation, Anammox and Denitrification (SPNAD) Process
Authors: Direstiyani L C , Kim J , Kwon T , Jeong S , Kim Y , Yu J , Lee T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fast start-up of simultaneous partial nitritation, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and denitrification (SPNAD) process was achieved within a month by applying step feeding strategy without carbon source addition in the acclimation period. The decreasing cycle number of step feeding strategy successfully improved the SPNAD process performance and enhanced nitrogen and organic removal performance for treating sidestream wastewater. The 3-cycle step feeding strategy obtained higher average values of nitrogen loading rate (NLR), nitrogen removal rate (NRR), ammonium removal rate (ARR) and COD removal rate (CRR) of 0.50, 0.31, 0.45, and 0.18 kg/m3/day, respectively, than 10-cycle and 5-cycle step feeding strategy. The step feeding strategy also contributes in maintaining DO, pH and ORP sensors performance stability even after being operated in long-term duration.
The treatment of Raw Water Sources of Drinking Water using Chitosan/Mg/Al–LDH Composites: Problem cases in Municipal Waterworks in Banjarmasin
Authors: Irawan C , Ramadhan M W , Nata I F , Putra M D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A study was done on treatment of raw water sources for drinking water using chitosan/Mg-Al LDH (CS/Mg/Al–LDH) composites by adsorption process. An analysis on the adsorbent characterizations of FTIR, SEM and XRF showed that the CS/Mg/Al–LDH had many different functional groups and a high specific surface area for adsorption processes. The CS/Mg/Al–LDH showed high adsorption uptake capacity and selectivity for iron (Fe), turbidity, and colour in the raw water sources for drinking water in Municipal Waterworks in Banjarmasin. Therefore, the CS/Mg/Al–LDH composites have the potential to be used as an adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment.
Formulation of Attributes for Decision Support System for Drinking Water Infrastructure Developments Priority
Authors: Putra K A , Lasminto U 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Infrastructure development carried out by the Central Government should be aimed at the public interest. In the field study at the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR), it was found that the process for determining drinking water infrastructure development priority had not considered the social aspects and the people’s needs. The Central Government simply classified the district and the city priorities for the infrastructure development by the mandatory document that they prepared. Unnoticed by them, this method of classifying had not yet considered the people’s needs. To respond to that issue, research needs to be done regarding the criteria that can be used for classifying and/or prioritizing the development of drinking water infrastructure in a district/city to be more pro-people. The stages of the research are as follows: direct interview and field study at the Directorate General of Human Settlements (DGHS) of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR). The field study process produced criteria and methods for making priority scale on the drinking water infrastructure development that have been currently used by the Central Government. While the direct interview produced additional criteria form the experts in the drinking water and infrastructure development programming field within the DGHS. Based on the results of the interviews and the field studies, a literature study and research were conducted to produce pro-people criteria and their measurement methods for the determination of the drinking water infrastructure development priority level. This research produced three major criteria with twenty sub-criteria following them. The three criteria are Central Government Priority Programs, Local Government Technical and Financial Conditions, and Socio-economic Conditions of the Peoples. With these new criteria, people’s conditions are taken into consideration for determining the drinking water infrastructure developments priority level in a district/city level, without ignoring the Central Government programs and the Local Government conditions.
The Effort to Increase Waste Reduction Through the Development of Waste Banks in South Surabaya
Authors: Kesauliya O M C , Warmadewanthi I D A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Waste bank is one of the government’s efforts in reducing inorganic waste going to landfills by involving the role of the community in sorting out waste. In 2016, Surabaya had 240 waste bank units. The effort to reduce waste through waste banks in Surabaya was still relatively small at 0.55 tonnes/day. Waste reduction through waste bank needed to be improved so as to reduce the load of garbage accumulation in the landfill site. Currently, South Surabaya has 60 waste banks, though only very few of those waste bank units are still operating. This research was conducted to determine the potential for waste reduction that could be done through the development of waste banks in South Surabaya. The STELLA 9.1.3 dynamic program was used to predict the potential waste reduction through the development of waste banks in the next 10 years.
Aluminum and Organic Contaminant Removal from Drinking Water Treatment Sludge
Authors: Barakwan R A , Syavira A R , Trihadiningrum Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coagulation process using aluminum sulfate (Al2SO4) or alum as coagulant at a drinking water treatment plant generates a large volume of alum sludge. The alum sludge contains high concentrations of aluminum and organic matter, which are harmful to the environment. Organic contaminants can decrease the conductivity and mobility of ions in electrolyte, so it can reduce the effectiveness of electrolysis to remove the aluminum. Aims of this study are: (1) to determine the aluminum and COD removal in electrolysis process using carbon-silver electrodes and (2) to measure the efficiency of COD removal by H2O2 oxidation and UV light exposure. The sludge was acidified to pH 3 and 4 and centrifuged prior to electrolysis. The electrical current was 300 mA, based on polarization test using carbon silver as anode and cathode electrodes. Electrolysis was carried out in a batch recirculation one-compartment reactor for 10 hours. Deposited matter of alum at cathode was weighed and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma. The electrolysis pretreatment was meant to remove high organic contaminants in electrolyte. The pretreatment was carried out by oxidation with addition of H2O2 with a ratio of [H2O2]/[COD] = 1/2 and 254 nm UV light exposure for 4 hours. This study resulted in low aluminium deposit of 3.19 mg at the cathode with COD removal of 11.11% at initial pH 3 using electrolysis. The highest COD removal efficiency by oxidation with addition of H2O2 and UV light exposure was 75%. It can be concluded that H2O2 oxidation and UV light exposure could be applied prior to electrolysis for optimizing aluminum removal.
Toxicity Effects of Organic Substances on Nitrification Efficiency
Authors: Rochmah W N , Mangkoedihardjo S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ammonia content in wastewater causes eutrophication in water bodies due to the biological ammonium oxidation process that is by the nitrification process. In this study, the aim was to determine the concentration and maximum efficiency of biodegradation of ammonium in the nitrification process using the help of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter bacteria with carbon sources of autotrophs and heterotrophs. The results of this study indicate that the highest value of nitrification efficiency was achieved by heterotrophic carbon sources with the addition of a catalyst namely H1 with a concentration of 60 mg/L at 30.49%, followed by H1 with a concentration of 80 mg/L at 27.32% and the third largest was 26.12% with the addition of H3 at a concentration of 20 mg/L. However, it should be kept in mind that heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria have a much lower activity level than autotrophic bacteria. This shows that the source of heterotrophs without catalysts had the least efficiency at 0.85% with H3 concentrations of 80 mg/L compared to carbon sources of autotrophs with the smallest efficiency of 3.32% in H2 concentration of 20 mg/L.
Effects of Organic Substance on Denitrification Efficiency
Authors: Kholida S N , Mangkoedihardjo S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Toxicity can refer to the impact on all organisms, such as animals, bacteria, or plants. Other effects can occur in the substructure of an organism, such as cells or organs. This shows that toxicity can cause problems for the environment. In this study artificial sample, denitrifier and several reagents were used to analyze the main parameters, namely Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Nitrate (NO3-N). The variables used were variations in nitrate concentration, process variation, and administration of selenium as a catalyst. Variations in nitrate concentration used were 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 100 mg/L. The process variations used were the autotroph and heterotroph processes. The reactor used was a batch system denitrification reactor. The microorganism used was Thiobacillus denitrificans. Research data were taken every day for Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Nitrate (NO3-N). This study aims to determine the efficiency of the denitrification process by autotrophs and heterotrophs using both catalysts and without catalysts. Of the two types of processes, autotrophic denitrification was efficient for processing with low nitrate concentrations. The highest efficiency value reached was 89%. Denitrification of heterotrophs was better able to process nitrates with high concentrations. The value of efficiency using this process reached 92%.
Effect of Rotation Speed on Phosphate and Nitrate Removal from Domestic Wastewater in The Oxidation Ditch
Authors: Hidayah E N , Farahdiba A U , Zara D W , Rosariawari F 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOxidation Ditch (OD) has been widely used for domestic wastewater treatment technology, especially in Indonesia. In its operation, an OD uses a rotor to increase oxygen concentration. This rotational speed of the rotor will be valuable in OD performance for decreasing contaminants, especially nutrients. Remaining high concentration of nutrients at the end of the processing unit might generate environmental issues. This study analyses the effect of rotational speed on pilot scale OD. Rotation speed conducted were 45 rpm and 60 rpm. The study was conducted for five days by measuring nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH. The difference between 45 and 60 rpm on nitrate reduction was not significant. The decrease in total P at 45 and 60 rpm tended to increase steadily until the fourth day but experienced a slight decrease on day 5. The complexity of N and P processes in OD pilot scale units were much noticable. Efficient removal of nitrate concentrations was influenced by the lack of anoxic conditions to enable the denitrification process. Supplementary wastewater treatment unit was needed to reduce nutrient levels.
Planning of the Main Distribution Network of the Prambon Subdistrict Region in 2032
Authors: Nugroho G N F , Purnomo A , Firdaus S , Marsono B D , Sumarsono R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
PDAM Sidoarjo targets to serve the western part of Sidoarjo Regency, which includes the Prambon Subdistrict, Tarik Subdistrict, Krembung Subdistrict, Tulangan Subdistrict and Balongbendo Subdistrict. The water requirements of 5 Subdistricts in 2023 were calculated, and the average water requirement would be 771 L/s, while at peak hour the water requirement would be 1,157 L / sec. The distribution system in the Prambon subdistrict is planned to use a loop system, having 3 large loops following the condition of the population distribution, also looping system because Prambon subdistrict is the initial area to drain water to other Subdistricts. The distribution system in Prambon Subdistrict is divided into 25 Blocks, so there are 25 primary to secondary tapping pipes. From the results of analysis, the main distribution network pipe diameter is 300 mm to 850 mm. The pressure reaches a peak of 41 m to 81 m and the velocity is 0.33 m/s to 2.04 m/s.
Impact of Additional Water Capacity from Umbulan Spring to Water Distribution System of Central Gresik and South Gresik
Authors: Tarigan R F A , Purnomo A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The service area of drinking water in Gresik is divided into three zones: Central Gresik Zone, Central Gresik Zone, and South Gresik Zone. Gresik would receive an additional flow of 1,000 l/s from Umbulan Spring in 2021 to supply the demand of Central Gresik Zone. Legundi Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and Dewata WTP are two of several WTPs that supply Central Gresik Zone’s demand. Moreover, those two aforementioned WTPs also supply Central Gresik Zone’s demand. Once there is additional water capacity from Umbulan Spring, the water capacity of those two WTPs will be allocated to supply Central Gresik Zone’s demand. Central Gresik Zone is also supplied by Drupadi WTP which supplies South Gresik Zone’s demand. The rate of drinking water service in Central Gresik Zone and South Gresik Zone has not reached 100% especially in Benjeng sub-district and Balongpanggang sub-district. Therefore, the distribution pipeline network was planned to be developed in stages starting from 2015 until 2030. Analysis result of additional capacity to existing distribution pipeline network in 2021 showed incompatibility to design criteria.
Design of Sewerage System and Wastewater Treatment Plant in Asemrowo, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Rosari N L , Purwanti I F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Asemrowo sub-district is a high-risk area in terms of environmental health. 1113 households in Asemrowo Subdistrict still defecate (BAB) openly. In Asemrowo sub-district 89.6% of the community has a private latrine. This article attempts to design a domestic sewage and wastewater treatment plant in Asemrowo District based on Surabaya City Regulation Number 12 of 2016 concerning Water Quality Management and Wastewater Control. Meanwhile, the effluent quality refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia number 68 of 2016 concerning domestic wastewater quality standards. The processes of the design includes acquiring primary data from field observations, distributing community questionnaires with random sampling of 105 respondents and analyzing the quality of wastewater for references in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) design. The domestic wastewater distribution system uses Shallow Sewerage which is divided into 4 blocks. The diameter of the wastewater pipe used in this plan is 114 mm, 140 mm, 216 mm and 267 mm. WWTP used in blocks A, B and C use Aerobic Biofilter and Clarifier. As for WWTP block D, it uses Aerobic Biofilter.
Environmental Impact Studied using Life Cycle Assessment on Cement Industry
Authors: Rosyid A , Boedisantoso R , Iswara A P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The rapid development in Indonesia has caused cement production to be directly proportional to its needs. The cement industry produces commercial cement for domestic development needs. Cement is made by means of a series of exploitation and production processes that involve the main process and supporting processes in its activities. To be able to produce cement, it requires raw materials, fuel and chemical additives, and these activities produce emissions that have an impact of decreasing environmental quality. The gas emissions produced are CO2, CH4, NOx, SOx, N2O and particulate. These emissions have an impact of increasing global warming and decreasing ambient air quality which has an impact on human health and the environment. This study identifies the impact of the main process based on the cradle-to-gate approach, starting from the process of exploitation of raw materials to the production process that produces cement as the main product. Impact identification was done using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with the SimaPro 8.5.2 application. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) categories include global warming potential for 100 years, acidification, and carcinogens. The method used was TRACI, a midpoint approach. Results after normalization show that the highest impacts generated were global warming from kiln process (353,473); acidification from kiln process (95,273), and carcinogens from raw mill process (4,837,721).
The Effect of Idle Capacity on The Treatment Efficiency of IPAL PT. X
Authors: Karnaningroem N , Shinta F R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
PT.X has a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) with a capacity of 10000 m3/day, but the average daily discharge from 2018 until the beginning of 2019 was 4100 m3/day. Based on this, idle capacity occured at the WWTP of PT.X. This study aims to determine the effect of idle capacity on the quality of wastewater treatment at the WWTP of PT.X. Data collected included the discharge and waste water quality of each unit. Unit sampling was done at four points using the grab sampling method. Sample testing was carried out in a laboratory. The results of sample testing of PT.X WWTP effluent showed that the efficiency for each unit was very small, for the first settling tank unit the parameters of BOD and COD had efficiencies of - 123% and -139%, respectively. Based on that, it was concluded that idle capacity affected the removal efficiency for each unit so that processing was not optimal.
Study of Leachate Penetration in Shallow Groundwater Around Jabon Landfill Sidoarjo
Authors: Marendra S M P , Tangahu B V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted at Jabon Landfill located in Jabon District, Sidoarjo. Jabon Landfill has been operating since 2003 with the Controlled Landfill system. Laboratory test results of samples taken at 18 sampling points in the east, south and west zones of the landfill for Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Turbidity, Manganese (Mn) and Chloride (Cl−) parameters showed that they were higher than the quality standards except Iron (Fe). According to the groundwater elevation, contaminants were dispersed towards the east and south of the Landfill. Leachate pollutant index was 7.70 which means it was moderately polluted. A well was used as a source of clean water but the well water has a quality status of moderately polluted and lightly polluted. The distance and depth of initial groundwater have a significant effect on the status of water quality.
Reducing Suspended Organics in Surface Water by Hydraulic Coagulation Processes in Parshall Flume
Authors: Rosariawari F. , Farahdiba A.U , Soedjarwo P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Parshall flume is an engineered flow rate system in open channel, in which water flow is forced to pass through narrow channels. Thus, turbulence flow would occur and it can be used for hydrolyzing mixing between coagulants and raw water. The aimed of this research is to treat surface water into clean water by eliminating suspended organic loads contained in surface water by hydraulic flow. The effectiveness of Parshall Flume was measured with variations of flowrate at 7, 9, and 11 L/minute, variations of PAC coagulant concentration at 25.75, 100, and 125 mg/L, and sedimentation times at 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The contaminant parameter evaluated was turbidity. The results of this research showed that the flowrate of 9 L/minute, the coagulant concentration of PAC was 75 mg/L and settling time of 90 minutes, resulted in the lowest turbidity at pH 6.5 – 8.
Analysis of The Increasing Need of Drinking Water as The Effect of High-rise Building Growth in Eastern Surabaya
Authors: Rihendyh A R , Yuniarto A , Wahyuningsih I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Surabaya City, the capital of East Java, is one of the centers for business, trade, industries, and education in Indonesia. Surabaya is also a very important hub for the eastern part of Indonesia, making it a strategic location for property investors. Nowadays, Surabaya’s economic is hugely affected by its significant growth in properties, where skyscrapers, malls, plazas, apartments, office buildings, and hotels will continue to be built in the coming years. The amount of the aforementioned commercial buildings creates concern on drinking water supply management. In this study, the projection of drinking water need was determined by projecting inhabitants or users of high-rise buildings based on existing project data as well as interviews and field survey to people in charge. The study was directed towards 9 high-rise buildings in the eastern part of Surabaya, in particular in the districts of Gubeng, Tenggilis Mejoyo, Rungkut, and Gunung Anyar. The projection data were then analyzed and modeled using WaterCAD. Technical aspects discussed in this study include the amount of water, the network of water distribution system, and supply management. This study found that the total water need would range between 3-20 L/s depending on the number of inhabitants or user. The modelling predicted year to year situation on flows and pressures until 2025. In the last year of the modelling, the pressure obtained on the distribution system were in the range of -4 to 18 mH2O, which is a critical range of pressure in those areas.