bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent versus first cervical artery dissection – a retrospective study of clinical and vascular characteristics
Authors: Kloss M. , Kalashnikova L. , Dobrynina L. , Traenka C. , Engelter S. T. , Metso T. M. , Tatlisumak T. , Urbanek C. , Grau A. , Kellert L. , Brandt T. , Wieker C. M. , Grond‐Ginsbach C. , Pezzini A. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeMost recurrent cervical artery dissection (CeAD) events occur shortly after the acute first CeAD. This study compared the characteristics of recurrent and first CeAD events and searched for associations between subsequent events of an individual person.MethodsCervical artery dissection patients with a new CeAD event occurring during a 3–6 month follow‐up were retrospectively selected in seven specialized stroke centers. Clinical and vascular characteristics of the initial and the recurrent CeADs were compared.ResultsThe study sample included 76 patients. Recurrent CeADs were occlusive in one (1.3%) patient, caused cerebral ischaemia in 13 (17.1%) and were asymptomatic in 39 (51.3%) patients, compared to 29 (38.2%) occlusive, 42 (55.3%) ischaemic and no asymptomatic first CeAD events. In 52 (68.4%) patients, recurrent dissections affected both internal carotid arteries or both vertebral arteries, whilst 24 (31.6%) patients had subsequent dissections in both types of artery. Twelve (28.6%) of 42 patients with an ischaemic first dissection had ischaemic symptoms due to the recurrent CeADs, too. However, only one (1.3%) of 34 patients with a non‐ischaemic first CeAD suffered ischaemia upon recurrence.ConclusionRecurrent CeAD typically affects the same site of artery. It causes ischaemic events less often than the first CeAD. The risk that patients who presented with solely non‐ischaemic symptoms of a first CeAD will have ischaemic symptoms in the case of a recurrent CeAD seems very small.
A generalized light‐driven model of community transitions along coral reef depth gradients
Authors: Laverick Jack H. , Tamir Raz , Eyal Gal , Loya Yossi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimCoral reefs shift between distinct communities with depth throughout the world. Yet, despite over half a century of research on coral reef depth gradients, researchers have not addressed the driving force of these patterns. We present a theoretical, process‐based model of light’s influence on the shallow to mesophotic reef transition as a single quantitative framework. We also share an interactive web application. Moving beyond depth as an ecological proxy will enhance research conducted on deeper coral reefs.LocationGlobal; subtropical and tropical coral reefs, oligotrophic and turbid coastal waters.Time periodPresent day (2020).Major taxaScleractinia.MethodsWe constructed ordinary differential equations representing the preferred light environments of shallow and mesophotic Scleractinia. We projected these as depth bands using light attenuation coefficients from around the world, and performed a sensitivity analysis.ResultsWe found light relationships alone are sufficient to capture major ecological features across coral reef depth gradients. Our model supports the depth limits currently used in coral reef ecology, predicting a global range for the shallow‐upper mesophotic boundary at 36.1 m ± 5.6 and the upper‐lower mesophotic boundary at 61.9 m ± 9.6. However, our model allows researchers to move past these fixed depth limits, and quantitatively predict the depths of reef zones in locations around the world.Main conclusionsThe use of depth as a proxy for changes in coral reef communities offers no guidance for environmental variation between sites. We have shown it is possible to use light to predict the depth boundaries of reef zones as a continuous variable, and to accommodate this variability. Predicting the depths of reef zones in unusual light environments suggests that shallow‐water turbid reefs should be considered as mesophotic coral ecosystems. Nonetheless, the current depth‐based heuristics are relatively accurate at a global level.
Biological mechanisms underlying inter‐individual variation in factor VIII clearance in haemophilia
Authors: Turecek Peter L. , Johnsen Jill M. , Pipe Steven W. , O'Donnell James S. ,   the iPATH study group
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have highlighted marked inter‐individual variations in factor VIII (FVIII) clearance between patients with haemophilia (PWH). The half‐life of infused FVIII has been reported to vary from as little as 5.3 hours in some adult PWH, up to as long as 28.8 hours in other individuals. These differences in clearance kinetics have been consistently observed using a number of different plasma‐derived and recombinant FVIII products. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that half‐life for extended half‐life (EHL‐) FVIII products also demonstrates significant inter‐patient variation. Since time spent with FVIII trough levels <1% has been shown to be associated with increased bleeding risk in PWH on prophylaxis therapy, this variability in FVIII clearance clearly has major clinical significance. Recent studies have provided significant novel insights into the cellular basis underlying FVIII clearance pathways. In addition, accumulating data have shown that endogenous plasma VWF levels, ABO blood group and age, all play important roles in regulating FVIII half‐life in PWH. Indeed, multiple regression analysis suggests that together these factors account for approximately 34% of the total inter‐individual variation in FVIII clearance observed between subjects with severe haemophilia A. In this review, we consider these and other putative modulators of FVIII half‐life, and discuss the biological mechanisms through which these factors impact upon FVIII clearance in vivo.
Continued capacity: Factors of importance for organizations to support continued Let's Talk practice – a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Allchin Becca , Weimand Bente M. , O’Hanlon Brendan , Goodyear Melinda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSustainability is a desired outcome of implementation. Understanding how organizations support new practices after implementation is important for sustainability. Let’s Talk about Children (hereby referred to as ‘Let’s Talk’), a family‐focused intervention with parents with a mental illness, improves family, parent, and child outcomes. Little is understood about how organizations support sustained practice. The study aimed to (i) understand the implementation process that occurred in eight adult mental health services during a previous randomized controlled trial; (ii) establish their continued capacity to embed Let’s Talk; and (iii) explore links between organizational capacity and sustained delivery by practitioners. This mixed method study used a questionnaire and individual interviews to collect data on the implementation process and current organizational capacity to support Let’s Talk 12months after the randomized controlled trial. Links between organizational capacity and the adult mental health services with practitioners’ continuing to use Let’s Talk in the past 12 months were explored. Services with higher current organizational capacity scores had practitioners currently delivering Let’s Talk. These services had all made changes to their organizational structures to support Let’s Talk practice. All services experienced significant changes during and after implementation, influencing sustainability of Let’s Talk. Addressing organizational capacity appears to be important to enable sustainability of Let’s Talk implementation endeavours. Real‐world settings are constantly changing systems requiring ongoing tracking and adjustments to understand and support sustainability. Internal service development staff appear to support the shaping of organizational capacity to support Let’s Talk; however, broader organizational support is needed for change within a complex system.
Critique of materials‐based models of ductile machining in brittle solids
Authors: Huang Han , Lawn Brian R. , Cook Robert F. , Marshall David B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndentation fracture models of ductile machining in hard and brittle materials are critically appraised. Relations obtained in a seminal study for critical depths of cut below which fracture is suppressed are examined and amended. Limitations inherent in any such materials‐based analysis, in addition to uncertainties in empirical measurements of underpinning mechanical properties (modulus, hardness, toughness) and of threshold grinding depths, suggest that caution should be exercised in unconditional usage. Notwithstanding these limitations, the value of the indentation fracture methodology in placing ductile machining on a sound materials science footing is maintained.
School satisfaction in parents of children with severe developmental disabilities
Authors: Perry Adrienne , Charles Meisha , Zapparoli Busi , Weiss Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research suggests parents' level of satisfaction with their child's school experience is highly variable. The present author explored school satisfaction in a Canadian sample of parents of children with severe and often complex developmental disabilities.MethodParents of 185 children completed questionnaires regarding their satisfaction with nine aspects of their child's school experience. Satisfaction was examined in relation to child's age, diagnosis of Autism, adaptive level, and maladaptive behaviour; parents' mental health difficulties and perception of caring burden; and the child's classroom type and level of clinical services at school.ResultsSchool satisfaction was unrelated to parents' mental health or burden scores, was related to child's adaptive and maladaptive behaviour, as well as type of classroom placement.ConclusionsIt is important to understand what aspects of the school experience are influential for different children and families so that their experience can be optimized as far as possible.
A SNP of miR‐146a is involved in bladder cancer relapse by affecting the function of bladder cancer stem cells via the miR‐146a signallings
Authors: Wang Tianen , Yang Yanfeng , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Xuechong , Li Dongsheng , Wei Jinxing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMiR‐146a‐5p in urine samples was recently reported to be possibly used as a prognostic marker for bladder cancer (BC). Interestingly, YAP1 and COX2 were both demonstrated to function as stem cell regulators in BC. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish the molecular mechanism underlying the role of miR‐146a, YAP1 and COX2 in BC relapse. We also studied the possibility of using the C > G genotype of miR‐146a rs2910164 SNP as an indicator of BC relapse. A total of 170 BC patients were assigned into different groups based on their genotypes of rs2910164 SNP. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were plotted to compare the recurrence‐free rate among these groups. Real‐time PCR, Western Blot, bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assay and IHC assay were conducted to study the role of rs2910164 SNP in the progression of BC. Accordingly, GC/CC‐genotyped patients presented a higher risk of recurrence when compared with GG‐genotyped patients, while the expression of BC regulators was influenced by the presence of rs2910164. COX2 mRNA and YAP1 mRNA were, respectively, validated as direct target genes of miR‐146a, and the expression of YAP1 and COX2 mRNA/protein was both suppressed by miR‐146a precursors. The expression of ALDH1A1 mRNA/protein was inhibited upon the down‐regulation of YAP1, while the expression of let7 and SOX2 mRNA/protein was inhibited upon the down‐regulation of COX2. In conclusion, two signalling pathways, miR‐146a/YAP1/ALDH1A1 and miR‐146a/COX2/PGE2/let7/SOX2, were modulated by miR‐146a. As an SNP regulating the expression of miR‐146a, the rs2910164 G > C SNP could be utilized as a biomarker for BC relapse.
Circ‐AKT3 inhibits the accumulation of extracellular matrix of mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy via modulating miR‐296‐3p/E‐cadherin signals
Authors: Tang Bo , Li Weiliang , Ji Ting‐Ting , Li Xiao‐Ying , Qu Xiaolei , Feng Linhong , Bai Shoujun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end‐stage renal disease globally. The vital role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been reported in diabetic nephropathy progression, but the molecular mechanism linking diabetic nephropathy to circRNAs remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the significant function of circ‐AKT3/miR‐296‐3p/E‐cadherin regulatory network on the extracellular matrix accumulation in mesangial cells in diabetic nephropathy. The expression of circ‐AKT3 and fibrosis‐associated proteins, including fibronectin, collagen type I and collagen type IV, was assessed via RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis in diabetic nephropathy animal model and mouse mesangial SV40‐MES13 cells. Luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate interactions among E‐cadherin, circ‐AKT3 and miR‐296‐3p in mouse mesangial SV40‐MES13 cells. Cell apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. The level of circ‐AKT3 was significantly lower in diabetic nephropathy mice model group and mouse mesangial SV40‐MES13 cells treated with high‐concentration (25 mmol/L) glucose. In addition, circ‐AKT3 overexpression inhibited the level of fibrosis‐associated protein, such as fibronectin, collagen type I and collagen type IV. Circ‐AKT3 overexpression also inhibited the apoptosis of mouse mesangial SV40‐MES13 cells treated with high glucose. Luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatics tools identified that circ‐AKT3 could act as a sponge of miR‐296‐3p and E‐cadherin was the miR‐296‐3p direct target. Moreover, circ‐AKT3/miR‐296‐3p/E‐cadherin modulated the extracellular matrix of mouse mesangial cells in high‐concentration (25 mmol/L) glucose, inhibiting the synthesis of related extracellular matrix protein. In conclusion, circ‐AKT3 inhibited the extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic nephropathy mesangial cells through modulating miR‐296‐3p/E‐cadherin signals, which might offer novel potential opportunities for clinical diagnosis targets and therapeutic biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy.
Genetic structure and divergence of tench Tinca tinca European populations
Authors: Karaiskou Nikoleta , Gkagkavouzis Konstantinos , Minoudi Stella , Botskaris Dimitrios , Markou Kyriaki , Kalafatakis Stavros , Antonopoulou Efthimia , Triantafyllidis Alexandros 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe tench Tinca tinca is a freshwater species with human‐mediated translocations, aquaculture interest and limited information on its genetic structure. mtDNA sequencing analysis of control region and two genes in 50 individuals from five European populations identified two phylogroups, with greater variability than that reported until now, and a hybridization zone in the Danube River region. Restriction analyses of additional samples reveal the complicated genetic structure characteristics of tench's wild and translocated populations, supporting future breeding practices.
Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on skin, serum and liver of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L)
Authors: Espinosa Cristóbal , Esteban Maria Ángeles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effect of dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) was studied. Four replicates of fish (n = 6) were fed with a commercial diet containing 0 (control, no yeast added) or 10 mg per kilogram of heat‐killed (30 min, 60°C) S. cerevisiae. After 4 weeks, half of the fish (two replicates) were injured and continued with the same diet. At 3 and 7 days post‐wounding, samples of blood, skin mucus, skin and liver were obtained from each fish. The results showed that calcium concentrations were significantly higher (with respect to control fish) in the serum from fish sampled at 3 days post‐wounding, whereas antioxidant enzymes in the skin mucus were altered after wounding (at both 3 and 7 days). Histological analyses revealed oedema, signs of inflammation and white cell recruitment together with a reduction in the epidermis layer in the wounded regions of fish fed control diet. Yeast supplementation did not change growth performance and helped maintain the normal serum calcium concentrations in wounded fish. Furthermore, a reduction in inflammation around wounds in the animals fed yeast with respect to that fed control diet was evident in the histological study. Furthermore, increased levels of stress‐related gene expression in liver and skin from wounded fish were obtained. Overall, yeast supplementation seemed to be a functional and appropriate dietary additive to improve skin recovery reducing the stress resulting from wounds.
The Welfare Costs of Self‐Fulfilling Bank Runs
Authors: MATTANA ELENA , PANETTI ETTORE 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study the welfare implications of self‐fulfilling bank runs and liquidity requirements, in a growth model where banks, facing persistent possible runs, can choose in any period a run‐proof asset portfolio. In this framework, runs distort banks' insurance provision against idiosyncratic shocks, and liquidity requirements resolve this distortion at the cost of a credit tightening. Quantitatively, the welfare costs of self‐fulfilling bank runs are equivalent to a constant consumption loss of up to 2.3% of U.S. GDP. Liquidity requirements might increase these welfare costs by up to 2.4%.
Study of the release of endogenous amines in Drosophila brain in vivo in response to stimuli linked to aversive olfactory conditioning
Authors: Hidalgo Sergio , Fuenzalida‐Uribe Nicolás , Molina‐Mateo Daniela , Escobar Angélica P. , Oliva Carlos , España Rodrigo A. , Andrés Maria Estela , Campusano Jorge M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA highly challenging question in neuroscience is to understand how aminergic neural circuits contribute to the planning and execution of behaviors, including the generation of olfactory memories. In this regard, electrophysiological techniques like Local Field Potential or imaging methods have been used to answer questions relevant to cell and circuit physiology in different animal models, such as the fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, these techniques do not provide information on the neurochemical identity of the circuits of interest. Different approaches including fast scan cyclic voltammetry, allow researchers to identify and quantify in a timely fashion the release of endogenous neuroactive molecules, but have been only used in in vitro Drosophila brain preparations. Here, we report a procedure to record for the first time the release of endogenous amines –dopamine, serotonin and octopamine‐ in adult fly brain in vivo, by fast scan cyclic voltammetry. As a proof of principle, we carried out recordings in the calyx region of the Mushroom Bodies, the brain area mainly associated to the generation of olfactory memories in flies. By using principal component regression in normalized training sets for in vivo recordings, we detect an increase in octopamine and serotonin levels in response to electric shock and olfactory cues respectively. This new approach allows the study of dynamic changes in amine neurotransmission that underlie complex behaviors in Drosophila and shed new light on the contribution of these amines to olfactory processing in this animal model.
image
The sulfurization recorded in tridymite in the monomict eucrite Northwest Africa 11591
Authors: Huang Li‐Lin , Miao Bing‐Kui , Chen Guo‐Zhu , Shao Hui‐Min , Ouyang Zi‐Yuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSome of the tridymite in the monomict Northwest Africa (NWA) 11591 eucrite are found to have sulfide‐rich replacement textures (SRTs) to varying degrees. The SRTs of tridymite in NWA 11591 are characterized by the distribution of loose porous regions with aggregates of quartz and minor troilite grains along the rims and fractures of the tridymite, and we propose a new mechanism for the origin of this texture. According to the volume and density conversion relationship, the quartz in the SRT of tridymite with a hackle fracture pattern was transformed from tridymite. We suggest that the primary tridymite grains are affected by the S‐rich vapors along the rims and fractures, leading to the transformation of tridymite into quartz. In addition, the S‐rich vapors reacted with Fe2+, which was transported from the relict tridymite and/or the adjacent Fe‐rich minerals, and/or the S‐rich vapors react with the exotic metallic Fe to form troilite grains. The sulfurization in NWA 11591 most likely occurred during the prolonged subsolidus thermal metamorphism in the shallow crust of Vesta and might be an open, relatively high temperature (>800 °C) process. Sulfur would be an important component of the metasomatic fluid on Vesta.
Suppression of a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase enhances host plant resistance to a specialist herbivore
Authors: Ye Meng , Kuai Peng , Hu Lingfei , Ye Miaofen , Sun Hao , Erb Matthias , Lou Yonggen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms by which herbivores induce plant defenses are well studied. However, how specialized herbivores suppress plant resistance is still poorly understood. Here, we discovered a rice (Oryza sativa) leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase, OsLRR‐RLK2, which is induced upon attack by gravid females of a specialist piercing‐sucking herbivore, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens). Silencing OsLRR‐RLK2 decreases the constitutive activity of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (OsMPK6) and alters BPH‐induced transcript levels of several defense‐related WRKY transcription factors. Moreover, silencing OsLRR‐RLK2 reduces BPH‐induction of jasmonic acid and ethylene but promotes the biosynthesis of both elicited salicylic acid and H2O2; silencing also enhances the production of volatiles emitted from rice plants infested with gravid BPH females. These changes decrease BPH preference and performance in the glasshouse and the field. These findings suggest that OsLRR‐RLK2, by regulating the plant's defense‐related signaling profile, increases the susceptibility of rice to BPH, and that BPH infestation influences the expression of OsLRR‐RLK2, suppressing the resistance of rice to BPH.
An aphid facultative symbiont suppresses plant defence by manipulating aphid gene expression in salivary glands
Authors: Wang Qinyang , Yuan Erliang , Ling Xiaoyu , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan , Guo Huijuan , Ge Feng , Sun Yucheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAphids often carry facultative symbionts to achieve diverse advantages. Serratia symbiotica, one of facultative endosymbionts, increases aphid tolerance to heat. However, whether it benefits aphid colonization on host plants is yet to be determined. In the current study, we found that Acyrthosiphon pisum harbouring S. symbiotica had longer feeding duration on Medicago truncatula than Serratia‐free aphids. Contrastingly, Serratia‐free aphids triggered higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), jasmonic acid and salicylic acid responsive genes and cytosolic Ca2+ elevations than Serratia‐infected aphids. Transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands indicated that a histidine‐rich Ca2+‐binding protein‐like gene (ApHRC) was expressed more highly in the salivary gland of Serratia‐infected aphids than that of Serratia‐free aphids. Once ApHRC was silenced, Serratia‐infected aphids also displayed shorter phloem‐feeding duration and caused Ca2+ elevation and ROS accumulation in plants. Our results suggest that ApHRC, a potential effector up‐regulated by S. symbiotica in the salivary glands, impairs plant defence response by suppressing Ca2+ elevation and ROS accumulation, allowing colonization of aphids. This study has provided an insight into how facultative symbionts facilitate aphid colonization and adaptation to host plants.