bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of oil content within lignocellulosic filler on thermal degradation kinetics and flammability of polylactide composites modified with linseed cake
Authors: Mysiukiewicz Olga , Sałasińska Kamila , Barczewski Mateusz , Szulc Joanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLinseed cake (LC), a by‐product of oil extraction from linseed, due to high content of natural oil can be applied as a filler and modifying agent for polymeric composites. However, the presence of the flammable oil may change thermal properties of the resulting materials. The aim of this study is evaluation of the influence of oil content on flammability and thermal degradation of polylactide composites. The samples filled with 10 wt% of LC containing from 0.9% to 39.8% of oil were subjected to cone calorimetry, horizontal burning test and thermogravimetric analysis. Activation energy values of the thermal decomposition of the composites were calculated using Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The different LC grades and the crude oil were tested as well. Even though all the composite grades presented higher flammability and lower thermal stability than the neat resin, their burning behavior and the process of thermal decomposition did not depend on the oil content. Therefore, the oil‐rich grades of LC can be applied as an effective filler for polylactide without an increase in fire risk.
Experimental and numerical research of temperature on tensile properties of multiaxial warp‐knitted composites
Authors: Gao Xiaoping , Yang Xiaori , Wang Cong , Li Yonggui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA study on tensile behavior of composites reinforced with triaxial and quadriaxial warp‐knitted glass fabrics were carried out in 0°, 45°, and 90° directions at temperature of −30°C, 0°C, 20°C, and 40°C. The stress‐strain character, normalized strength, normalized modulus, failure strain, and the relationships between strength and temperature were also obtained. The failure mechanism was also analyzed based on the fracture mode and scanning electron microscopy morphology of composites. In addition, to obtain influence related with reinforcement structure, the tensile behavior of the quadriaxial warp‐knitted composite was simulated on the basis of unit cell model and compared with the experimental one. Results show that the tensile properties were decreased with the increase of temperature. The ultimate normalized strength of triaxial and quadriaxial warp‐knitted composites were decreased by 14.18% and 18.13%. The fracture morphology was consistent with the simulation ones.
Generating Proteomic Big Data for Precision Medicine
Authors: Yue Liang , Zhang Fangfei , Sun Rui , Sun Yaoting , Yuan Chunhui , Zhu Yi , Guo Tiannan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHere, the authors reason that the complexity of medical problems and proteome science might be tackled effectively with deep learning (DL) technology. However, deployment of DL for proteomics data requires the acquisition of data sets from a large number of samples. Based on the success of DL in medical imaging classification, proteome data from thousands of samples are arguably the minimal input for DL. Contemporary proteomics is turning high‐throughput thanks to the rapid progresses of sample preparation and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. In particular, data‐independent acquisition now enables the generation of hundreds to thousands of quantitative proteome maps from clinical specimens in clinical cohorts with only limited sample amounts in clinical cohorts. Upheavals in the design of large‐scale clinical proteomics studies might be required to generate proteomic big data and deploy DL to tackle complex medical problems.
An Aridamerican model for agriculture in a hotter, water scarce world
Authors: Nabhan Gary Paul , Riordan Erin C. , Monti Laura , Rea Amadeo M. , Wilder Benjamin T. , Ezcurra Exequiel , Mabry Jonathan B. , Aronson James , Barron‐Gafford Greg A. , García Jesús M. , Búrquez Alberto , Crews Timothy E. , Mirocha Paul , Hodgson Wendy C. 
Published: July 2020

Societal Impact StatementClimate change is dramatically restructuring agriculture and damaging crops, food security, and human health, especially in deserts. To radically redesign food systems to buffer against climatic disruptions, we focus on agroecological function, human health, and community well‐being. Using arid North America (“Aridamerica”) as a laboratory for the future, we employed 18 criteria to select 17 desert plant genera with high potential as food crops. When integrated into perennial polycultures modeled after arid ecosystems and traditional knowledge, desert plants can stabilize yields, produce disease‐preventing foods, and generate rural livelihoods. We envision food systems that can reduce disparities while enhancing resilience in a hotter, drier world.SummaryClimate disruptions and water scarcity are threatening food security and human well‐being. We provide a framework for selecting a more diverse set of arid‐adapted food crops to reduce food system vulnerabilities to climate change, climate‐related illness, and economic disparities in arid lands. We constructed a list of candidate crops based on the diets of the Comcaac, O'odham, and Pima Bajo peoples of the Sonoran Desert. Representative genera were then screened for traits related to agroecological functionality, human health, community well‐being, and agronomic suitability. Of the 154 species (86 genera) used by these Sonoran Desert Indigenous cultures, 101 species (80 genera) were more broadly used in Aridamerica, suggesting wide acceptability and value of desert plants for arid‐adapted agriculture in North America. We highlight 17 genera with high potential to simultaneously improve agricultural resilience, human health, and community prosperity in the face of climate change, over a third of which are water‐use efficient crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) succulents. Assembling these candidate crops into perennial polycultures coupled with solar energy and rainwater harvesting systems can maximize yield reliability while minimizing fossil fuel, agrichemical, and surface and groundwater use. Now is the time to invest in desert‐adapted farming and food systems, with climate change already accelerating damages to agricultural landscapes. Biomimicry and traditional knowledge can aid in designing co‐located food, water, and energy provisioning systems adapted to arid climates and scarce resources that improve agroecological and human health. Adopting such designs will require transdisciplinary integration of plant, environmental, social, and health sciences.
Ibuprofen does not prevent postbronchoscopy fever in children undergoing broncho‐alveolar lavage
Authors: Joseph Leon , Goldberg Shmuel , Cohen Shlomo , Picard Elie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFiber‐optic bronchoscopy (FOB) of the lower airways is a routine examination performed for investigating varying respiratory complaints in children. A common side effect is a transient high fever on the day of the FOB. Such episodes are usually unrelated to an infectious process but may cause clinical uncertainty and parental anxiety. We have previously shown that a single dose of systemic dexamethasone significantly reduces the rate of fever postbronchoscopy (FPB).Research QuestionTo prospectively analyze the effect of a prophylactic dose of ibuprofen upon the FPB.Study Design and MethodsChildren presenting for elective FOB and broncho‐alveolar lavage (BAL) were randomized, in a double‐blind fashion, to receive a single dose of ibuprofen syrup 10 mg/kg or placebo prior to the procedure. Parents were contacted the next day to record the presence or absence of fever.ResultsSixty‐one children were included in the final analysis. Thirty‐one children were in the treatment group and 30 in the placebo group. FPB occurred in 40 children (65%). There was no difference in the rate of FPB between placebo (63%) and treatment (67%) groups (P = .717). Fifty (82%) children had a positive BAL culture. Among them, 38 had FPB (76%) compared with only 2 of 11 (18%) of those with negative culture (P = .00026, relative risk 4.18). About 80% of positive cultures grew Haemophilus influenza. There was no significant difference between the number of BALs with a positive culture between the treatment and placebo groups (87% vs 77%, P = .35).ConclusionFPB occurs in around twothirds of children when BAL is performed. Fever occurred significantly more frequently when BAL culture is positive. A single standard dose of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen administered before a FOB does not prevent FPB.
Predicting disease‐associated genes: Computational methods, databases, and evaluations
Authors: Luo Ping , Chen Bolin , Liao Bo , Wu Fang‐Xiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractComplex diseases are associated with a set of genes (called disease genes), the identification of which can help scientists uncover the mechanisms of diseases and develop new drugs and treatment strategies. Due to the huge cost and time of experimental identification techniques, many computational algorithms have been proposed to predict disease genes. Although several review publications in recent years have discussed many computational methods, some of them focus on cancer driver genes while others focus on biomolecular networks, which only cover a specific aspect of existing methods. In this review, we summarize existing methods and classify them into three categories based on their rationales. Then, the algorithms, biological data, and evaluation methods used in the computational prediction are discussed. Finally, we highlight the limitations of existing methods and point out some future directions for improving these algorithms. This review could help investigators understand the principles of existing methods, and thus develop new methods to advance the computational prediction of disease genes.This article is categorized under:Technologies > Machine LearningTechnologies > PredictionAlgorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Genome‐wide effect of tetracycline, doxycycline and 4‐epidoxycycline on gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sanchez Guadalupe , Linde Samuel C. , Coolon Joseph D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTetracycline (Tet) and derivative chemicals (e.g., doxycycline or Dox) have gained widespread recognition for their antibiotic properties since their introduction in the late 1970s, but recent work with these chemicals in the lab has shifted to include multiple techniques in all genetic model systems for the precise control of gene expression. The most widely used Tet‐modulated methodology is the Tet‐On/Tet‐Off gene expression system. Tet is generally considered to have effects specific to bacteria; therefore, it should have few off‐target effects when used in eukaryotic systems, and a previous study in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae found that Dox had no effect on genome‐wide gene expression as measured by microarray. In contrast, another study found that the use of Dox in common cell lines and several model organisms led to mitonuclear protein imbalance, suggesting an inhibitory role of Dox in eukaryotic mitochondria. Recently, a new Dox derivative, 4‐epidoxycycline (4‐ED) was developed that was shown to have less off‐target consequences on mitochondrial health. To determine the best tetracycline family chemical to use for gene expression control in S. cerevisiae, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) on yeast grown on standard medium compared with growth on media supplemented with Tet, Dox or 4‐ED. We found each caused dozens of genes to change expression, with Dox eliciting the greatest expression responses, suggesting that the specific tetracycline used in experiments should be tailored to the specific gene(s) of interest when using the Tet‐On/Tet‐Off system to reduce the consequences of confounding off‐target responses.
Linking Adaptation and Mitigation Toward a Resilient and Robust Infrastructure Sector in Kenya
Authors: Ruth Onkangi , Lagat David , Lilian Ondari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSustainable city is an oxymoron to many especially in developing nations where the ever extending urban fabric has consequently degraded natural habitats, altered species composition, changed energy flows, and immensely affected biogeochemical cycles. This dims the vision of meeting the present needs with a nondecreasing level of well-being while not compromising that of the future generations to meet theirs. Nairobi as other cities in peer nations is associated with socioeconomic vulnerabilities as well as visible and “invisible” ecological problems such as pollution, climate change, spatial competition, dependency in natural capital use, and congestion. Nevertheless, this is uniquely both a problem and a solution.Nairobi has grown from a small railway station at the turn of the twentieth century to one of Africa’s largest cities. With this growth, comes an oversized ecological footprint and complex challenges of stresses and shocks. Infrastructure development in developing nations is gaining momentum. It is one of the development indicators and a major contributor to the GDP. However, it is very vulnerable financially and functionally to extreme weather events such as intense and prolonged periods of rainfall, inundation, low retreating rates of flood waters, increased temperatures, and unpredictable wind patterns. This study sought to establish the level of integration of adaptation and mitigation measures to climate change in selected infrastructure projects. It further evaluates the performance of key action plans, projects, and efforts made to enhance resilience to climate change. The study supports the integration of broad investment flows instead of the project-by-project approach.
Impacts of Environmental Change on Fish Production in Egypt and Nigeria: Technical Characteristics and Practice
Authors: Adeleke M. L. , Al-Kenawy D. , Nasr-Allah A. M. , Dickson M. , Desalegn Ayal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA survey approach was applied to examine the technical characteristics of fish farming practice in Egypt and Nigeria. Critical issues such as floods and other vices were considered in bringing out the inference and level of aquaculture in both countries. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study area and the number of respondents. Both primary and secondary data were used in the analysis. Eighty fish farmers were randomly selected from each of the country, making a total of 160 respondents. The socioeconomic characteristics revealed that aquaculture is an antique venture in Africa with Egypt taking the lead, i.e., 99% of the respondents practice in large-scales production of more than 11 Fadden/acre per, and 100% males depend mainly on agricultural drainage water for their earthen ponds. Ninety-eight percent cultured tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which was believed to have originated from the Nile River. In terms of financial performance and partial economic analysis, tilapia production commands more sales in Egypt, while catfish (Clarias) production is seen as a promising venture in Nigeria. The fish farmers have various perceptions and reactions toward environmental changes factors such as cost of labor/manpower and inputs, poor water quality, and fish extension services, and climate change impedes aquaculture development in the countries. To achieve the scale of aquaculture expansion as observed in Asian and other developed part of the world, efforts should be geared toward continental and regional integration in order to encourage aquaculture practices in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. More so, government intervention and incentives should be paramount in Egypt to reduce the excessive exploitation of the private input suppliers.
Tied Ridges and Better Cotton Breeds for Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Mandumbu R. , Nyawenze C. , Rugare J. T. , Nyamadzawo G. , Parwada C. , Tibugari H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate change and variability is already reducing agricultural productivity and opportunities for employment, pushing up food prices and affecting food availability and production of formerly adapted crop types. Such is the case in cotton production in Zimbabwe, where it was the only viable commercial crop in marginal areas. As a form of adaptation, there is need for African farmers to have a range of agricultural techniques as coping strategies and tactics to enable sustainable production of crops and deal with extreme events. Such techniques include water conservation and introduction of new adapted crop genetics to cope with the new environment. The emerging trends in climate change will force farmers to adopt new crops and varieties and forms of agricultural production technologies. The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of combining in-field water harvesting and early maturing cotton varieties in curbing drought in cotton in semiarid Zimbabwe. The results show that both water harvesting in form of planting basins significantly (P <0.05) increased boll number and branch number of cotton across all varieties. The varieties M577 and M567 out-performed the conventional varieties in early growth, branch number, and boll number. Tied contour ridges gave a significantly (P <0.05) higher moisture content in 0–5 cm and the 6–10 cm depth compared to conventional tillage. The new varieties displayed early phenological development. Despite the existence of rainfall gaps, the in-field water harvesting techniques captured enough moisture and prevented moisture losses through runoff which resulted successful flowering and fruiting in the short varieties compared to conventional tillage on conventional varieties. In this regard, water harvesting and early maturing varieties offer considerable hope for increasing crop production in arid and semiarid areas of Zimbabwe.
Breaking BEC
Authors: Kovtun A. , Zantedeschi M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work quantum corrections to the classical evolution of a relativistic scalar condensate are studied. The problem is approached by means of two different perturbative approaches: the 2-particle-irreducible (2PI) effective action and the expansion in the self-coupling. In the weak coupling regime the decoherence of the classical state is observed. The corresponding timescale is identified with the quantum break-time.
Octagon at finite coupling
Authors: Belitsky A. V. , Korchemsky G. P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study a special class of four-point correlation functions of infinitely heavy half-BPS operators in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM which admit factorization into a product of two octagon form factors. We demonstrate that these functions satisfy a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations which are powerful enough to fully determine their dependence on the ’t Hooft coupling and two cross ratios. At weak coupling, solution to these equations yields a known series representation of the octagon in terms of ladder integrals. At strong coupling, we develop a systematic expansion of the octagon in the inverse powers of the coupling constant and calculate accompanying expansion coefficients analytically. We examine the strong coupling expansion of the correlation function in various kinematical regions and observe a perfect agreement both with the expected asymptotic behavior dictated by the OPE and with results of numerical evaluation. We find that, surprisingly enough, the strong coupling expansion is Borel summable. Applying the Borel-Padé summation method, we show that the strong coupling expansion correctly describes the correlation function over a wide region of the ’t Hooft coupling.
On a linearization of the recursion $$\varvec{U(x_0,x_1,x_2,\ldots )}\varvec{=\varphi (x_0, U(x_1,x_2,\ldots ))}$$ and its application in economics
Authors: Zdun Marek Cezary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLet I be an interval, X be a metric space and $$\succeq $$
⪰
be an order relation on the infinite product $$X^{\infty }$$

X
∞

. Let $$U:X^{\infty }\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

U
:

X
∞

→
R

be a continuous mapping, representing $$\succeq $$
⪰
, that is such that $$(x_0,x_1,x_2,\ldots )\succeq (y_0,y_1,y_2,\ldots )\Leftrightarrow U(x_0,x_1,x_2,\ldots )\ge U(y_0,y_1,y_2,\ldots )$$

(

x
0

,

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
)

⪰

(

y
0

,

y
1

,

y
2

,
…
)

⇔
U

(

x
0

,

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
)

≥
U

(

y
0

,

y
1

,

y
2

,
…
)

. We interpret X as a space of consumption outcomes and the relation $$\succeq $$
⪰
represents how an individual would rank all consumption sequences. One assumes that U, called the utility function, satisfies the recursion $$U(x_0,x_1,x_2,\ldots )=\varphi (x_0, U(x_1,x_2,\ldots )),$$

U

(

x
0

,

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
)

=
φ

(

x
0

,
U

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
)

)

,

where $$\varphi :X\times I \rightarrow I$$

φ
:
X
×
I
→
I

is a continuous function strictly increasing in its second variable such that each function $$\varphi (x,\cdot )$$

φ
(
x
,
·
)

has a unique fixed point. We consider an open problem in economics, when the relation $$\succeq $$
⪰
can be represented by another continuous function V satisfying the affine recursion $$V(x_0,x_1,x_2,\ldots ) = \alpha (x_0)V(x_1,x_2,\ldots )+ \beta (x_0)$$

V

(

x
0

,

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
)

=
α

(

x
0

)

V

(

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
)

+
β

(

x
0

)

. We prove that this property holds if and only if there exists a homeomorphic solution of the system of simultaneous affine functional equations $$ F(\varphi (x,t))=\alpha (x) F(t)+ \beta (x), x \in X, t \in I$$

F
(
φ
(
x
,
t
)
)
=
α
(
x
)
F
(
t
)
+
β
(
x
)
,
x
∈
X
,
t
∈
I

for some functions $$\alpha , \beta :X\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

α
,
β
:
X
→
R

. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of homeomorhic solutions of this system.
Decisions on the allocation of intensive care resources in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Marckmann Georg , Neitzke Gerald , Schildmann Jan , Michalsen Andrej , Dutzmann Jochen , Hartog Christiane , Jöbges Susanne , Knochel Kathrin , Michels Guido , Pin Martin , Riessen Reimer , Rogge Annette , Taupitz Jochen , Janssens Uwe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn view of the globally evolving coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, German hospitals rapidly expanded their intensive care capacities. However, it is possible that even with an optimal use of the increased resources, these will not suffice for all patients in need. Therefore, recommendations for the allocation of intensive care resources in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been developed by a multidisciplinary group of authors with the support of eight scientific medical societies. The recommendations for procedures and criteria for prioritisations in case of resource scarcity are based on scientific evidence, ethicolegal considerations and practical experience. Medical decisions must always be based on the need and the treatment preferences of the individual patient. In addition to this patient-centred approach, prioritisations in case of resource scarcity require a supraindividual perspective. In such situations, prioritisations should be based on the criterion of clinical prospect of success in order to minimize the number of preventable deaths due to resource scarcity and to avoid discrimination based on age, disabilities or social factors. The assessment of the clinical prospect of success should take into account the severity of the current illness, severe comorbidities and the patient’s general health status prior to the current illness.