bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic abdominosacral resection for rectal and anal canal carcinoma with pagetoid spread
Authors: Hondo Nao , Miyagawa Yusuke , Kitazawa Masato , Muranaka Futoshi , Tokumaru Shigeo , Koyama Makoto , Takahata Shugo , Soejima Yuji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPerianal Paget's disease is associated with adenocarcinoma and can spread to the perianal skin. It often requires extensive resection of the perianal skin and rectum. Many studies have shown the efficacy of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for lower rectal cancer. However, extensive resection of the dorsal side of the perineal skin is difficult in the lithotomy position. We report a laparoscopic abdominosacral approach using the jackknife position for perianal Paget's disease.Materials and Surgical TechniqueSurgery was started using the lithotomy position, and total mesorectal excision with central lymphadenectomy was performed laparoscopically. Pelvic floor muscles were divided 2 cm away from the rectum. The sigmoid colon was then divided with a linear stapler, and a terminal colostomy was made. The sacral approach was then followed with the patient placed in a jackknife position. A skin incision was made 1‐2 cm from the negative margin confirmed by preoperative mapping biopsy and resected en‐bloc. We used this approach in two patients with a mean operative time of 483 minutes, including 53.5 minutes for the position change. All tumor margins, including the skin, were cancer‐free, and primary wound closure was possible in both of the cases. Both patients were doing well without any recurrence 10 and 13 months postoperatively.ConclusionLaparoscopic abdominosacral resection is safe and effective and facilitates extensive perineal skin resection, especially on the dorsal side, with a less invasive laparoscopic procedure.
Evaluation of amikacin use and comparison of the models implemented in two Bayesian forecasting software packages to guide dosing
Authors: Ryan Alice C. , Carland Jane E. , McLeay Robert C. , Lau Cindy , Marriott Deborah J.E. , Day Richard O. , Stocker Sophie L. 
Published: September 2020

AimsBayesian forecasting software can assist in guiding therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)‐based dose adjustments for amikacin to achieve therapeutic targets. This study aimed to evaluate amikacin prescribing and TDM practices, and to determine the suitability of the amikacin model incorporated into the DoseMeRx® software as a replacement for the previously available software (Abbottbase®).MethodsPatient demographics, pathology, amikacin dosing history, amikacin concentrations and Abbottbase® predicted TDM targets (area under the curve up to 24 hours, maximum concentration and trough concentration) were collected for adults receiving intravenous amikacin (2012–2017). Concordance with the Australian Therapeutic Guidelines was assessed. Observed and predicted amikacin concentrations were compared to determine the predictive performance (bias and precision) of DoseMeRx®. Amikacin TDM targets were predicted by DoseMeRx® and compared to those predicted by Abbottbase®.ResultsOverall, guideline compliance for 63 courses of amikacin in 47 patients was suboptimal. Doses were often lower than recommended. For therapy >48 h, TDM sample collection timing was commonly discordant with recommendations, therapeutic target attainment low and 34% of dose adjustments inappropriate. DoseMeRx® under‐predicted amikacin concentrations by 0.9 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] –1.4 to −0.5) compared with observed concentrations. However, maximum concentration values (n = 19) were unbiased (−1.7 mg/L 95%CI –5.8 to 0.8) and precise (8.6% 95%CI 5.4–18.1). Predicted trough concentration values (n = 7) were, at most, 1 mg/L higher than observed. Amikacin area under the curve values estimated using Abbottbase® (181 mg h/L 95%CI 161–202) and DoseMeRx® (176 mg h/L 95%CI 152–199) were similar (P = .59).ConclusionAmikacin dosing and TDM practice was suboptimal compared with guidelines. The model implemented by DoseMeRx® is satisfactory to guide amikacin dosing.
Role of mTOR‐regulated autophagy in spine pruning defects and memory impairments induced by binge‐like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice
Authors: Pascual María , López‐Hidalgo Rosa , Montagud‐Romero Sandra , Ureña‐Peralta Juan R. , Rodríguez‐Arias Marta , Guerri Consuelo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdolescence is a brain maturation developmental period during which remodeling and changes in synaptic plasticity and neural connectivity take place in some brain regions. Different mechanism participates in adolescent brain maturation, including autophagy that plays a role in synaptic development and plasticity. Alcohol is a neurotoxic compound and its abuse in adolescence induces neuroinflammation, synaptic and myelin alterations, neural damage and behavioral impairments. Changes in synaptic plasticity and its regulation by mTOR have also been suggested to play a role in the behavioral dysfunction of binge ethanol drinking in adolescence. Therefore, by considering the critical role of mTOR in both autophagy and synaptic plasticity in the developing brain, the present study aims to evaluate whether binge ethanol treatment in adolescence would induce dysfunctions in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions and if mTOR inhibition with rapamycin is capable of restoring both effects. Using C57BL/6 adolescent female and male mice (PND30) treated with ethanol (3 g/kg) on two consecutive days at 48‐hour intervals over 2 weeks, we show that binge ethanol treatment alters the density and morphology of dendritic spines, effects that are associated with learning and memory impairments and changes in the levels of both transcription factor CREB phosphorylation and miRNAs. Rapamycin administration (3 mg/kg) prior to ethanol administration restores ethanol‐induced changes in both plasticity and behavior dysfunctions in adolescent mice. These results support the critical role of mTOR/autophagy dysfunctions in the dendritic spines alterations and cognitive alterations induced by binge alcohol in adolescence.
Beyond COVID‐19: Five commentaries on expert knowledge, executive action, and accountability in governance and public administration
Authors: Boin Arjen , Brock Kathy , Craft Jonathan , Halligan John , ‘t Hart Paul , Roy Jeffrey , Tellier Geneviève , Turnbull Lori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral Canadian and international scholars offer commentaries on the implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic for governments and public service institutions, and fruitful directions for public administration research and practice. This first suite of commentaries focuses on the executive branch, variously considering: the challenge for governments to balance demands for accountability and learning while rethinking policy mixes as social solidarity and expert knowledge increasingly get challenged; how the policy‐advisory systems of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United Kingdom were structured and performed in response to the COVID‐19 crisis; whether there are better ways to suspend the accountability repertoires of Parliamentary systems than the multiparty agreement struck by the minority Liberal government with several opposition parties; comparing the Canadian government’s response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Global Financial Crisis and how each has brought the challenge of inequality to the fore; and whether the COVID‐19 pandemic has accelerated or disrupted digital government initiatives, reinforced traditional public administration values or more open government.
The Vestiges of Childhood Interparental Conflict: Adolescent Sensitization to Recent Interparental Conflict
Authors: Davies Patrick T. , Thompson Morgan J. , Martin Meredith J. , Cummings E. Mark 
Published: September 2020

This study examined whether childhood interparental conflict moderated the mediational pathway involving adolescent exposure to interparental conflict, their negative emotional reactivity to family conflict, and their psychological problems in a sample of 235 children (Mage = 6 years). Significant moderated‐mediation findings indicated that the mediational path among Wave 4 interparental conflict during adolescence, change in youth negative reactivity (Waves 4–5), and their psychological problems (Waves 4–6) was significant for teens who experienced low, rather than high, levels of childhood interparental conflict (Waves 1–3). Supporting the stress sensitization model, analyses showed that adolescents exposed to high interparental conflict during childhood evidenced greater increases in negative reactivity than their peers when recent parental conflicts were mild.
A systematic review of children’s participation in child protection decision‐making: Tokenistic presence or not?
Authors: Toros Karmen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article examines children's views on and experiences with participation in the child protection system's decision‐making process. The systematic review follows the PRISMA statement and includes 12 peer‐reviewed articles published in academic journals from 2006 to 2017. Findings suggest that children's contact with their worker was limited or non‐existent, which minimised opportunities to express views regarding their situation; child–worker contacts lacked dialogue, information about the process of intervention and trusting relationships, meaning that without a voice, children were not engaged in making decisions. Although data are limited, they suggest little or no dialogue with children by child protection workers. Furthermore, children voiced their experiences of not being informed of or understanding the process or decisions made about their lives.
Comparison of a polyethylene glycol membrane and a collagen membrane for the treatment of bone dehiscence defects at bone level implants—A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Jung Ronald Ernst , Mihatovic Ilja , Cordaro Luca , Windisch Péter , Friedmann Anton , Blanco Carrion Juan , Sanz Sanchez Ignacio , Hallman Mats , Quirynen Marc , Hammerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present randomized, controlled clinical multicenter trial was to compare a polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a native collagen membrane (BG) for simultaneous guided bone regeneration at bony dehiscence‐type defects around bone level titanium implants.Material and methodsThe study enrolled 117 patients requiring implant treatment in the posterior maxilla or mandible with expected buccal bony dehiscence‐type defects at the placed titanium implants. According to a parallel groups design, defects were filled with a synthetic bone filler and randomly assigned to either PEG or BG membrane. As primary parameter, the relative vertical bone fill was assessed at baseline and at re‐entry after 6 months of healing. As secondary parameters, the marginal bone level (MBL) was assessed radiographically and soft tissue conditions were recorded up to 18 months postloading.ResultsBoth groups showed comparable vertical bone fill revealing a relative change in defect height of 59.7% (PEG) and 64.4% (BG). The absolute mean reduction in defect size was 2.5 mm in the PEG group and 3.2 mm in the BG group. Although both groups revealed a statistically significant mean defect reduction (p < .001), a comparison between the two groups did not show statistical significances. The non‐inferiority test with inferiority limit of −5% could not be rejected, based on the 90% confidence interval of the differences of the two means with lower limit −15.4%. After 18 months, an MBL increase of 0.45 ± 0.43 mm in the PEG group and 0.41 ± 0.81 mm in the BG group was detected (p < .001). Soft tissue complications were observed in both groups without showing statistical significance.ConclusionsBoth membranes supported bone regeneration at dehiscence‐type defects and obtained vertical bone fill with a relative change in defect height of 59.7% (PEG) and 64.4% (BG); however, the non‐inferiority of PEG could not be shown.
Formaldehyde 2% is not a useful means of detecting allergy to formaldehyde releasers— results of theESSCAnetwork, 2015‐2018
Authors: Whitehouse Heather , Uter Wolfgang , Geier Johannes , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara , Bauer Andrea , Cooper Susan , Czarnecka‐Operacz Magdalena , Dagmar Simon , Dickel Heinrich , Fortina Anna Belloni , Gallo Rosella , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. , Johnston Graham A. , Filon Francesca Laresse , Mahler Vera , Pesonen Maria , Rustemeyer Thomas , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. , Valiukevičienė Skaidra , Weisshaar Elke , Werfel Thomas , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest that patch testing with formaldehyde releasers (FRs) gives significant additional information to formaldehyde 1% aq. and should be considered for addition to the European baseline series (EBS). It is not known if this is also true for formaldehyde 2% aq.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of sensitization to formaldehyde 2% aq. and co‐reactivity with FRs. To establish whether there is justification for including FRs in the EBS.Materials and MethodsA 4‐year, multi‐center retrospective analysis of patients with positive patch test reactions to formaldehyde 2% aq. and five FRs.ResultsA maximum of 15 067 patients were tested to formaldehyde 2% aq. and at least one FR. The percentage of isolated reactions to FR, without co‐reactivity to, formaldehyde 2% aq. for each FR were: 46.8% for quarternium‐15 1% pet.; 67.4% imidazolidinyl urea 2% pet.; 64% diazolidinyl urea 2% pet.; 83.3% 1,3‐dimethylol‐5, 5‐dimethyl hydantoin (DMDM) hydantoin 2% pet. and 96.3% 2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol 0.5% pet. This demonstrates that co‐reactivity varies between FRs and formaldehyde, from being virtually non‐existent in 2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol 0.5% pet. (Cohen's kappa: 0, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.02 to 0.02)], to only weak concordance for quaternium‐15 [Cohen's kappa: 0.22, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.28)], where Cohen's kappa value of 1 would indicate full concordance.ConclusionsFormaldehyde 2% aq. is an inadequate screen for contact allergy to the formaldehyde releasers, which should be considered for inclusion in any series dependant on the frequency of reactions to and relevance of each individual allergen.
Co‐curation and New Museology in Reorganizing the Beit Gallery at the Mutare Museum, Eastern Zimbabwe
Authors: Chipangura Njabulo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Mutare Museum in Eastern Zimbabwe reorganized an ethnographic collection in one of its galleries in 2016. This article will look at the processes by which traditional drums as part of this collection were reconfigured and ascribed new meanings derived from their everyday ritual uses amongst the eastern Shona community. As one of the curators involved in the researching that led to the co‐production of the exhibition I will demonstrate how we utilized new museology and co‐curatorship in integrating multiple perspectives from the community on socio‐cultural uses of traditional drums. The paper will also show connections between the community and the drums which were previously viewed as static and mute objects. Collaborating with the community in reorganizing drums in the Beit galley will be presented in the paper as a strategy embraced in decolonizing the museum practice.
Reversible left ventricular diastolic dysfunction—Overview and clinical implications
Authors: Beladan Carmen C. , Botezatu Simona , Popescu Bogdan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrong evidence supports a pathophysiological link between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and symptoms in many patients with heart failure, including those with normal LV ejection fraction. Thus, echocardiographic assessment of LV diastolic function is currently recommended when evaluating patients with dyspnea of suspected or known cardiac origin. Beyond the well‐established role in the diagnostic algorithm of heart failure, LVDD is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in various patient cohorts and in the general population. Moreover, several studies suggested a dynamic link between ventricular relaxation, filling dynamics, and prognosis. Thus, worsening of LVDD emerged as a marker of worse prognosis, whereas its improvement is associated with better outcomes. From this perspective, it is important for clinicians to recognize the potentially reversible causes of LVDD that can be identified and treated with symptomatic and/or prognostic benefits. The purpose of this review is to discuss several clinical conditions associated with reversible LVDD, from possible mechanisms to potential clinical implications.
Effects of cold storage on life‐history traits ofAphidius matricariae
Authors: Rezaei Mehran , Talebi Ali A. , Fathipour Yaghoub , Karimzadeh Javad , Mehrabadi Mohammad , Reddy Gadi V.P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAphidius matricariaeHaliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a polyphagous solitary endoparasitoid, attacking more than 40 species of aphids. This parasitoid is an important commercial product of many companies that produce biological control agents. Storage at low temperature increases the shelf life of many biocontrol agents, allowing companies to provide a steady and sufficient supply of insects for biocontrol programs. In the current study, the effects of cold storage of 1‐day‐old host mummies withA. matricariaefor various time periods (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days) at 5 °C on the parasitoid’s key life‐history traits were investigated. Parameters assessed after storage included adult emergence rate, offspring sex ratio, adult longevity, oviposition period, fecundity, and life‐table parameters (R0, r, λ, T, and DT). Our results showed that the mummies ofA. matricariaecould be stored at 5 °C for 5 days without loss of quality and for 10–15 days with minimal reduction in quality (e.g., some reduction in adult longevity and R0). If parasitoids were stored for >15 days, quality was more strongly affected. In conclusion,A. matricariaepupae could be stored at 5 °C for up to 15 days without significant negative post‐storage effects on fitness of the parasitoid. These results could be used to improve the planning of mass rearing and mass release ofA. matricariaein augmentative biological control programs.
Predation and avoidance behaviour in aphid‐ladybird interactions of native and invasive ladybirds in Europe
Authors: Bertleff Denise , Diekmann Jette , Brand Sophia , Ünlü Ayse Gül , Bucher Roman 
Published: September 2020

While detrimental effects of invasive predators on native species are well documented, we often lack a mechanistic understanding of the invasion success. Lack of prey avoidance behaviour can lead to higher consumption rates by invasive predators compared to native predators. This competitive advantage is expected to contribute to the invasion success of non‐native predators.
We compared aphid consumption and cue avoidance behaviour of aphids between four native ladybird species (Coccinella septempunctata, Adalia bipunctata, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata, and Hippodamia variegata) and the invasive Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis.
The invasive H. axyridis and the native C. septempunctata consumed more aphids than the three smaller native ladybird species. In line with our expectations, aphids avoided leaves bearing cues of most native ladybird species but not of the invasive H. axyridis.
Our results indicate that body size rather than ladybird origin determined aphid predation rates. The lack of aphid avoidance behaviour towards cues of H. axyridis indicates that they were not able to recognise the chemical cues of the invasive predator.
Relatively large body size and the absence of cue avoidance in aphids might benefit the invasive H. axyridis, particularly in comparison to smaller native ladybird species. The absence of avoidance behaviour in aphids might lead to even higher predation rates of H. axyridis under more natural conditions.
Variance in cortical depth across the brain surface: Implications for transcranial stimulation of the brain
Authors: Davis Nick J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe distance between the surface of the scalp and the surface of the grey matter of the brain is a key factor in determining the effective dose of non‐invasive brain stimulation for an individual person. The highly folded nature of the cortical surface means that the depth of a particular brain area is likely to vary between individuals. The question addressed here is: what is the variability of this measure of cortical depth? Ninety‐four anatomical MRI images were taken from the OASIS database. For each image, the minimum distance from each point in the grey matter to the scalp surface was determined. Transforming these estimates into standard space meant that the coefficient of variation could be determined across the sample. The results indicated that depth variability is high across the cortical surface, even when taking sulcal depth into account. This was true even for the primary visual and motor areas, which are often used in setting TMS dosage. The correlation of the depth of these areas and the depth of other brain areas was low. The results suggest that dose setting of TMS based on visual or evoked potentials may offer poor reliability, and that individual brain images should be used when targeting non‐primary brain areas.
Rapid adaptive evolution to drought in a subset of plant traits in a large‐scale climate change experiment
Authors: Metz Johannes , Lampei Christian , Bäumler Laura , Bocherens Hervé , Dittberner Hannes , Henneberg Lorenz , de Meaux Juliette , Tielbörger Katja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRapid evolution of traits and of plasticity may enable adaptation to climate change, yet solid experimental evidence under natural conditions is scarce. Here, we imposed rainfall manipulations (+30%, control, −30%) for 10 years on entire natural plant communities in two Eastern Mediterranean sites. Additional sites along a natural rainfall gradient and selection analyses in a greenhouse assessed whether potential responses were adaptive. In both sites, our annual target species Biscutella didyma consistently evolved earlier phenology and higher reproductive allocation under drought. Multiple arguments suggest that this response was adaptive: it aligned with theory, corresponding trait shifts along the natural rainfall gradient, and selection analyses under differential watering in the greenhouse. However, another seven candidate traits did not evolve, and there was little support for evolution of plasticity. Our results provide compelling evidence for rapid adaptive evolution under climate change. Yet, several non‐evolving traits may indicate potential constraints to full adaptation.
How Can Released State Test Items Support Interim Assessment Purposes in an Educational Crisis?
Authors: Klugman Emma M. , Ho Andrew D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractState testing programs regularly release previously administered test items to the public. We provide an open‐source recipe for state, district, and school assessment coordinators to combine these items flexibly to produce scores linked to established state score scales. These would enable estimation of student score distributions and achievement levels. We discuss how educators can use resulting scores to estimate achievement distributions at the classroom and school level. We emphasize that any use of such tests should be tertiary, with no stakes for students, educators, and schools, particularly in the context of a crisis like the COVID‐19 pandemic. These tests and their results should also be lower in priority than assessments of physical, mental, and social–emotional health, and lower in priority than classroom and district assessments that may already be in place. We encourage state testing programs to release all the ingredients for this recipe to support low‐stakes, aggregate‐level assessments. This is particularly urgent during a crisis where scores may be declining and gaps increasing at unknown rates.