bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothetico‐deductive reasoning skill and concept acquisition: Testing a constructivist hypothesis
Authors: Lawson Anton E. , McElrath Christine B. , Burton Margaret S. , James Bart D. , Doyle Roy P. , Woodward Stephen L. , Kellerman Lawrence , Snyder Jan D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study tested the constructivist hypothesis that the acquisition of domain‐specific conceptual knowledge (declarative knowledge) requires use of general procedural knowledge. More specifically, it was hypothesized that use of a general pattern of hypothetico‐deductive reasoning is necessary for the acquisition of novel domain‐specific concepts. To test this hypothesis 314 high school biology and chemistry students were first tested to determine whether or not they were skilled in the use of hypothetico‐deductive reasoning. Based on this test, students were classified as reflective, transitional, or intuitive thinkers. All students were then presented with a series of four concept‐acquisition tasks. It was predicted that reflective (hypothetico‐deductive) thinkers would acquire the concepts while intuitive (empirico‐inductive) thinkers would not. Transitional thinkers were expected to be partially successful. These predictions were confirmed as skill in hypothetico‐deductive reasoning (developmental level), but not age, was highly correlated with performance on the concept acquisition tasks (X2 = 71.14, p < 0.00001). This result was interpreted to be supportive of the constructivist hypothesis.
Size distribution and concentration of fungal aerosol in animal premises of a zoological garden
Authors: Grzyb Jacek , Lenart-Boroń Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe exposure to airborne dusts and microorganisms is associated with respiratory diseases and other health effects. Currently, research concerning fungal aerosol and particulate matter levels in animal enclosures of zoological gardens is very scarce. Such premises are characterized by numerous sources of air contamination, and they are both working environment and popular tourist attractions. This study aimed to assess the levels of fungal aerosol in animal premises (tapirs, giraffes, pygmy hippos, monkeys, meerkats, pheasants, ostriches, exotarium) of the Kraków Zoo. The bioaerosol samples were collected using a six-stage Andersen impactor to assess the concentrations and size distribution of airborne fungi. Particulate matter (PM10, PM4, PM2.5 and PM1) concentration was assessed using DustTrak Aerosol Monitor. PM concentrations were relatively low (0.048–0.204 mg/m3) and did not exceed the limit values for occupational exposure. Also, the levels of fungal aerosol in almost all cases did not exceed the limit values. The smallest concentration of the total fungal aerosol was observed in the rooms for hippos (approx. 970 CFU/m3) while the highest—in exotarium (16,800 CFU/m3). The share of respirable fraction of bioaerosol was quite high—from 62.6% in monkey houses to 89.2% in exotarium. Having in mind that bioaerosol-forming fungi may contain allergenic species, attention should be paid to thorough cleaning of animals and their premises, and maintaining appropriate levels of microclimatic parameters in the rooms.
MRPS23 amplification and gene expression in breast cancer; association with proliferation and the non-basal subtypes
Authors: Klæstad Elise , Opdahl Signe , Engstrøm Monica Jernberg , Ytterhus Borgny , Wik Elisabeth , Bofin Anna Mary , Valla Marit 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
MRPS23 is recognized as a driver of proliferation in luminal breast cancer. The aims of the present study were to describe MRPS23 copy number change in breast cancer, and to assess associations between MRPS23 copy number change and molecular subtype, proliferation and prognosis, and between MRPS23 gene expression and molecular subtype and prognosis.

Methods
Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we examined MRPS23 and centromere 17 copy number in 590 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumours and 144 corresponding lymph node metastases from a cohort of Norwegian breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we analysed MRPS23 gene expression data in 1971 primary breast cancer tumours from the METABRIC dataset. We used Pearson’s χ2 test to assess associations between MRPS23 copy number and molecular subtype and proliferation, and between MRPS23 expression and molecular subtype. We studied prognosis by estimating hazard ratios and cumulative incidence of death from breast cancer according to MRPS23 copy number and MRPS23 expression status.

Results
We found MRPS23 amplification (mean MRPS23 copy number ≥ 6 and/or MRPS23/chromosome 17 ratio ≥ 2) in 8% of primary tumours. Copy number increase associated with non-basal subtypes and higher tumour cell proliferation (Ki67). Higher MRPS23 expression associated with the Luminal B subtype. We found no significant association between MRPS23 amplification or MRSP23 gene expression, and prognosis.

Conclusion
Amplification of MRPS23 is associated with higher proliferation and non-basal subtypes in breast cancer. High MRPS23 expression is associated with the Luminal B subtype.
Proof of the Absence of Long-Range Temporal Orders in Gibbs States
Authors: Watanabe Haruki , Oshikawa Masaki , Koma Tohru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe address the question whether time translation symmetry can be spontaneously broken in a quantum many-body system. One way of detecting such a symmetry breaking is to examine the time-dependence of a correlation function. If the large-distance behavior of the correlation function exhibits a nontrivial time-dependence in the thermodynamic limit, the system would develop a temporal long-range order, realizing a time crystal. In an earlier publication, we sketched a proof for the absence of such time dependence in the thermal equilibrium described by the Gibbs state (Watanabe and Oshikawa in Phys Rev Lett 114:251603, 2015). Here we present a complete proof and extend the argument to a more general class of stationary states than the Gibbs states.
Optimizing wheel profiles and suspensions for railway vehicles operating on specific lines to reduce wheel wear: a case study
Authors: Ye Yunguang , Sun Yu , Dongfang Shiping , Shi Dachuan , Hecht Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe selection of a wheel profile is a topic of great interest as it can affect running performances and wheel wear, which needs to be determined based on the actual operational line. Most existing studies, however, aim to improve running performances or reduce contact forces/wear/rolling contact fatigue (RCF) on curves with ideal radii, with little attention to the track layout parameters, including curves, superelevation, gauge, and cant, etc. In contrast, with the expansion of urbanization, as well as some unique geographic or economic reasons, more and more railway vehicles shuttle on fixed lines. For these vehicles, the traditional wheel profile designing method may not be the optimal choice. In this sense, this paper presents a novel wheel profile designing method, which combines FaSrtip, wheel material loss function developed by University of Sheffield (USFD function), and Kriging surrogate model (KSM), to reduce wheel wear for these vehicles that primarily operate on fixed lines, for which an Sgnss wagon running on the German Blankenburg–Rübeland railway line is introduced as a case. Besides, regarding the influence of vehicle suspension characteristics on wheel wear, most of the studies have studied the lateral stiffness, longitudinal stiffness, and yaw damper characteristics of suspension systems, since these parameters have an obvious influence on wheel wear. However, there is currently little research on the relationship between the vertical suspension characteristics and wheel wear. Therefore, it is also investigated in this paper, and a suggestion for the arrangement of the vertical primary spring stiffness of the Y25 bogie is given.
Digital Image Correlation Based Internal Friction Characterization in Granular Materials
Authors: Venkatesh R. , Voloshin A. , Emri I. , Brojan M. , Govekar E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBased on the realization that Newtonian fluids have the unique property to redirect the forces applied to them in a perpendicular direction, a new apparatus, called the Granular Friction Analyzer (GFA), and the related GFA index, were proposed for characterizing the internal friction and related flow behavior of granular materials under uniaxial compression loading. The calculation of the GFA index is based on the integration of the internal pressure distribution along the cylinder wall, within which the granular material is being uniaxially compressed by a piston. In this paper an optical granular friction analyzer (O-GFA) is presented, where a digital image correlation (DIC) method is utilized to assess the cylinder strains used to calculate the internal pressure distribution. The main advantage of using the DIC method is that the starting point (piston–powder contact point) and the length of the integration considering the edge effects can be defined. By using the DIC full-field, instead of a few points strain measurements, a 2% improvement of the GFA index’s accuracy has been achieved and its robustness with respect to the number of points has been demonstrated. Using the parametric error analysis it has been shown that most of the observed total error (7.5%) arises from the DIC-method-based measurements of the strains, which can be improved by higher-resolution cameras and DIC algorithms for the strain evaluation. Additionally, it was shown that the GFA index can be used for determining the well-known Janssen model parameters. The latter was demonstrated experimentally, by testing three SS 316 L granular material samples with different mean particle sizes. The results confirm that the mean particle size regulates the internal friction of granular materials.
Hereditäre hypophosphatämische Rachitis
Authors: Oheim Ralf , Hiort Olaf 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die hereditären hypophosphatämischen Rachitiden (HR) sind eine genetisch und klinisch heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen, bedingt durch einen renal-tubulären Phosphatverlust und gekennzeichnet durch die Folgen des Verlustes an mineralisierter Knochensubstanz. Die klinischen Ausprägungen sind variabel. In der Kindheit dominieren Kleinwuchs und Beinfehlstellung durch die Verformungen der unteren Extremitäten infolge von Rachitis und Osteomalazie. Im Erwachsenenalter kommen oftmals Insuffizienzfrakturen, Bewegungseinschränkungen, Arthrosen und extraskelettale Verkalkungen hinzu. Die häufigste Form ist die X‑chromosomal vererbte hypophosphatämische Rachitis, die durch Mutationen im PHEX-Gen verursacht wird. PHEX kodiert für das „phosphatregulierende Gen mit Homologie zu Endopeptidasen“, das in die Regulation des Fibroblastenwachstumsfaktors FGF23 involviert ist. Eine durch PHEX oder andere Genmutationen bedingte Erhöhung von FGF23 führt zu einer forcierten Phosphatausscheidung über die Niere und einem konsekutiven Phosphatverlust. Die selteneren Formen der HR, die autosomal-dominant, autosomal-rezessiv oder X‑chromosomal-rezessiv vererbt werden können, werden heutzutage danach unterschieden, ob sie eine FGF23-Erhöhung hervorrufen oder FGF23-unabhängig einen Phosphatverlust induzieren. Dies ist von diagnostischer und therapeutischer Bedeutung. Während die Therapie der HR bislang durch mehrfach tägliche Phosphatgaben und aktive Vitamin-D-Metabolite erfolgte, so steht seit Kurzem mit Burosumab ein anti-FGF23 Antikörper zur Verfügung. Dieser ist allerdings zurzeit in Europa nur für die XLHR im Kindes- und Jugendalter zugelassen. Mit dieser Therapie lässt sich laborchemisch eine Normalisierung des renalen Phosphatverlusts und damit eine deutliche Verbesserung der Rachitis und Osteomalazie erreichen. Kurz- und mittelfristig ist dadurch eine deutliche klinische Verbesserung zu beobachten. Langzeitergebnisse und umfassende Daten zur Anwendung bei erwachsenen XLH-Patient*innen stehen hingegen noch aus.
A second chance: Experiences and outcomes of people with dementia and their families participating in a dementia reablement program
Authors: Rahja Miia , Culph Jennifer , Clemson Lindy , Day Sally , Laver Kate 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRationale:Evidence-based reablement programs for people with dementia and their caregivers are not routinely implemented in practice. These programs have been shown to be effective in delaying functional decline and improving caregiver wellbeing. Yet, little is known about the experiences of those participating in such programs.Aim:To describe experiences and outcomes of participating in a dementia reablement program, the Care of Persons with dementia in their Environments (COPE), in Australia.Methods:Purposeful sampling was used and semi-structured interviews were completed with people with dementia and their caregivers who received the COPE program in two different states in Australia. The interviews explored the participants’ experiences with the program as well as how they are managing after program completion. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the interviews. A Likert scale was used to rate the value of the program.Results:Ten dyads (person with dementia and/or their caregiver) were interviewed. Participation in the program was rated (mostly) very valuable. The ongoing collaboration between the therapist and caregiver was considered empowering. The program promoted participation in everyday activities for the person with dementia and appeared to give a ‘second chance’ to remain in their own homes and communities.Conclusion:Participation in reablement programs (such as the COPE program) has the potential to re-engage people with dementia in meaningful roles and activities in their chosen environments. A therapeutic relationship and individualized intervention approaches tailored to the participants’ needs and readiness foster positive experiences and confidence.
Prospective evaluation of the DSM-5 persistent complex bereavement disorder criteria in adults: dimensional and diagnostic approaches
Authors: Aoun Elie G. , Porta Giovanna , Melhem Nadine M. , Brent David A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe examine the performance of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition (DSM-5) persistent complex bereavement-related disorder (PCBD) criteria in bereaved adults to identify prolonged grief cases determined prospectively.MethodsBereaved adults (n= 138) were assessed at 8, 21, 32, 67, and 90 months after the sudden death of a spouse or close relative. We used latent class growth analysis to identify the longitudinal trajectories of grief assessed using the Inventory for Complicated Grief. To validate the trajectory that corresponded to prolonged grief, we examined the baseline predictors of these trajectories and their relationship with functional impairment.ResultsWe found three distinct trajectories of grief reactions. One of these trajectories (13.8%) showed high and sustained grief reactions that persisted for almost 7.5 years after the death. Participants with prolonged grief showed greater functional impairment [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70 to −0.97;p= 0.02] and higher self-reported depression (RRR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.96;p= 0.001) than participants whose grief reactions subsided over time. The original PCBD (requiring 6 criterion C symptoms) criteria correctly identified cases (57.9–94.7%) with perfect specificity (100%) but low to high sensitivity (5.6–81.3%); however, its sensitivity increased when revising criterion C to require ⩾3 (45.5–94.1%). The dimensional approach showed high sensitivity (0.50–1) and specificity (0.787–0.97).ConclusionsWe recommend revisions to the PCBD criteria, which are overly restrictive and may exclude cases with clinically significant grief-related distress and impairment. In the meantime, clinicians need to monitor grief symptoms over time using available dimensional approaches to reduce the burden of grief.
Recurrent coarctation in Williams syndrome: novel approach of drug-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Tzifa Aphrodite , Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Halapas Antonios 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPatients with Williams syndrome often present with abnormalities of the vascular wall of the aorta and/or the pulmonary artery. Surgery may result in restenosis of the affected vessel. Herein, we report a case of an infant with multiple recurrences of aortic coarctation successfully treated with Zotarolimus drug-eluting stent.
Inequality and Growth in a Developing Economy: Evidence from Regional Data (Spain, 1860–1930)
Authors: Beltrán Tapia Francisco J. , Martinez-Galarraga Julio 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis article measures inequality at the provincial level in Spain for different benchmark years between 1860 and 1930. It then empirically assesses the relationship between economic growth and inequality. The results confirm that, although growing incomes did not directly contribute to reducing inequality, at least during the early stages of modern economic growth, other processes associated with economic growth such as the rural exodus to urban and industrial centers, the demographic transition, and the spread of literacy, among others, notably improved the situation of the bottom part of the population.
Moho Beneath Tibet Based on a Joint Analysis of Gravity and Seismic Data
Authors: Zhao Guangdong , Liu Jianxin , Chen Bo , Kaban Mikhail.K. , Zheng Xuanyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe use the improved Parker‐Oldenburg's formulas that include a reference depth into the exponential term and employ the Gauss‐fast Fourier transform method to determine Moho depth beneath the Tibetan Plateau. The synthetic models demonstrate that the improved Parker's formula has high accuracy with the maximum absolute error less than 0.25 mGal compared to the analytical solution. Two inversion parameters, that is, the reference depth and the density contrast, are essential for the Moho estimation based on the gravity field, and they need to be determined in advance to obtain correct results. Therefore, the Moho estimates derived from existing seismic studies are used to reduce the nonuniqueness of the gravity inversion and to determine these parameters by searching for the maximum correlation between the gravity‐inverted and seismic‐derived Moho depths. Another critical issue is to remove beforehand the gravity effects of other factors, which affect the observed gravity field besides Moho variations. In addition to the topography, the gravity effects of the sedimentary layer and crystalline crust are removed based on existing crustal models, while the upper mantle impact is determined based on the seismic tomography model. The inversion results show that the Moho structure under the Tibetan plateau is very complex with the depths varying from about 30–40 km in the surrounding basins (e.g., Ganges basin, Sichuan basin, and Tarim basin) to 60–80 km within the plateau. This considerable difference up to 40 km on the Moho depth reveals the substantial uplift and thickening of the crust in the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, two visible “Moho depression belts” are observed within the plateau with the maximum Moho deepening along the Indus‐Tsangpo Suture and along the northern margin of Tibet bounding the Tarim basin with the relatively shallow Moho in central Tibet between them. The southern “belt” is likely formed in compressional environment, where the Indian plate underthrusts northward beneath the Tibetan Plateau, while the northern one could be formed by the southward underthrust of the Asian lithosphere beneath Tibet.
Measuring Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Using Spaceborne GNSS Reflectometry From TechDemoSat‐1
Authors: Li Weiqiang , Cardellach Estel , Fabra Fran , Ribó Serni , Rius Antonio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe capability of spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System‐reflectometry (GNSS‐R) for Greenland ice sheet melt detection is investigated using the TechDemoSat‐1 satellite (TDS‐1) data. The melt detection is based on the sensitivity of GNSS‐R signal to the presence of liquid water in snow pack. Statistical analysis during the 2018 melt season shows melt detection using GNSS‐R is possible with an agreement of 90% comparing to the microwave radiometer (MWR) data. In 37% of the cases GNSS‐R detects melting when MWR does not. The inconsistency observed between GNSS‐R and MWR is mainly due to the different features of the two observation concepts and the limitations of currently available GNSS‐R data. Furthermore, the large penetration depth of the GNSS signal can potentially provide complementary information on melt occurrence in ice sheet subsurface. These results show the potential of future GNSS‐R missions for ice sheet melt detection.
Shear Velocity Model of Alaska Via Joint Inversion of Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity, Phase Velocities, and Receiver Functions Across the Alaska Transportable Array
Authors: Berg Elizabeth M. , Lin Fan‐Chi , Allam Amir , Schulte‐Pelkum Vera , Ward Kevin M. , Shen Weisen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThrough the Alaska Transportable Array deployment of over 200 stations, we create a 3‐D tomographic model of Alaska with sensitivity ranging from the near surface (<1 km) into the upper mantle (~140 km). We perform a Markov chain Monte Carlo joint inversion of Rayleigh wave ellipticity and phase velocities, from both ambient noise and earthquake measurements, along with receiver functions to create a shear wave velocity model. We also use a follow‐up phase velocity inversion to resolve interstation structure. By comparing our results to previous tomography, geology, and geophysical studies we are able to validate our findings and connect localized near‐surface studies with deeper, regional models. Specifically, we are able to resolve shallow basins, including the Copper River, Cook Inlet, Yukon Flats, Nenana, and a variety of other shallower basins. Additionally, we gain insight on the interaction between the upper mantle wedge, asthenosphere, and active and nonactive volcanism along the Aleutians and Denali volcanic gap, respectively. We observe thicker crust beneath the Brooks Range and south of the Denali fault within the Wrangellia Composite Terrane and thinner crust in the Yukon Composite Terrane in interior Alaska. We also gain new perspective on the Wrangell Volcanic Field and its interaction between surrounding asthenosphere and the Yakutat Terrane.
Shale Anisotropy Model Building Based on Deep Neural Networks
Authors: You Nan , Li Yunyue Elita , Cheng Arthur 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeismic anisotropy parameters are essential in the processing and interpretation of modern array data with multicomponent, long offsets and wide azimuth acquisitions. Traditional well logs do not measure anisotropy in a vertical well and thus cannot provide the needed information. Conventional calibration‐based as well as recent inversion‐based rock physics modeling methods involve tuning parameters and subjective choices that are largely empirical and difficult to generalize. Here we present a machine learning approach to alleviate these problems. Since it is impossible to collect massive labeled field well log data, we generate paired synthetic data of features (porosity, density, vertical
and
wave velocities,
wave and shear moduli) and labels (bulk and shear moduli of rock matrices and aspect ratio of ellipsoidal cracks). By tuning hyperparameters we obtain an optimal fully connected neural network with four hidden layers that fits well with the synthetic data. The neural network is applied to published laboratory measurements and field well log data from a Chinese well and a U.S. well without any modification. We show that anisotropy models estimated by the deep neural network agree well with the inversion results and with the laboratory measurements. The neural network optimized by extensive training based on massive synthetic data removes the subjectivity in parameter selection, generalizes to different geological environments, and has the potential to provide real‐time anisotropy estimation while logging.