bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Expert Witness Fit the Crime? Injury to a Child by Starvation—A Dietitian's Testimony
Authors: Kloiber LL 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
After the death of their four-month-old infant, the parents were charged with injury to a child by starvation. The medical examiner documented blunt force trauma and severe malnutrition at autopsy, but the cause of death was undetermined. The legal team hired a neonatal dietitian who was able to determine that impaired growth only occurred when the infant was in the care of his parents. This information, along with other testimony, established that the lack of nutrition compromised this infant's ability to grow and develop normally, and thus contributed to the infant's death. A jury found the father guilty of injury to a child with intent, and was sentenced to 50 years in prison. The mother agreed to a plea bargain serving 25 years. The purpose of this report is to offer insight, information, and facts from this case for the benefit of others.
Successful Extraction of Human Genomic DNA from Serum and Its Application to Forensic Identification
Authors: Ravard-Goulvestre C , Crainic K , Guillon F , Paraire F , Durigon M , de Mazancourt P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report here on the successful extraction of human genomic DNA from a serum sample in a forensic case. The extracted DNA was successfully used for the identification of remains presumably immersed for more than three weeks for which the only comparison sample was a 250-μL serum aliquot kept frozen in a laboratory. The analysis made it possible to identify a second victim as the daughter of the first.
Experiments for Enhancing Tailings Slurry Drainage and Geotechnical Performance Using Nonsegregation Flocculation and Geotextile
Authors: Xiong Jun , Jiang Quan , Zhang Chao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pumping tailings slurry into geotextile bags is a burgeoning method employed to build tailings dams with improved tailings management. Fine contents bring great challenges for tailings stability. In this article, nonsegregation flocculation was selected for fine tailings. Experiments were carried out in three campaigns: nonsegregation flocculation of tailings slurry to reduce fine content in supernatant (low turbidity); water drainage evaluation via filtration tests, plus the measurement of capillary suction time; and the study of geotechnical properties, including hydraulic conductivity and yield strength. From the results, it is demonstrated that the tailings slurry without flocculation showed apparent particle segregation and poor drainage performance compared to tailings with nonsegregation flocculation. The yield strength with nonsegregation tailings was enhanced by two times to initial values. Scanning electron microscopy image analysis was used to check the attachment status of solid particles on geotextile surfaces after being used for filtration tests. The mechanism of enhancing geotextile drainage revealed that increased permeability and reduced geotextile pore-plugging should account for the enhanced water drainage and tailings stability. A pattern of achieving optimal drainage strategy of geotextile bag was recommended for building a tailings dam, which is to use large-sized flocs plus geotextiles with large pore sizes (up to 0.6 mm).
Frontotemporal Regulation of Subjective Value to Suppress Impulsivity in Intertemporal Choices
Authors: Dürschmid Stefan , Maric Andre , Kehl Marcel S. , Knight Robert T. , Hinrichs Hermann , Heinze Hans-Jochen 
Published: December 2020

Impulsive decisions arise from preferring smaller but sooner rewards compared with larger but later rewards. How neural activity and attention to choice alternatives contribute to reward decisions during temporal discounting is not clear. Here we probed (1) attention to and (2) neural representation of delay and reward information in humans (both sexes) engaged in choices. We studied behavioral and frequency-specific dynamics supporting impulsive decisions on a fine-grained temporal scale using eye tracking and MEG recordings. In one condition, participants had to decide for themselves but pretended to decide for their best friend in a second prosocial condition, which required perspective taking. Hence, conditions varied in the value for themselves versus that pretending to choose for another person. Stronger impulsivity was reliably found across three independent groups for prosocial decisions. Eye tracking revealed a systematic shift of attention from the delay to the reward information and differences in eye tracking between conditions predicted differences in discounting. High-frequency activity (175-250 Hz) distributed over right frontotemporal sensors correlated with delay and reward information in consecutive temporal intervals for high value decisions for oneself but not the friend. Collectively, the results imply that the high-frequency activity recorded over frontotemporal MEG sensors plays a critical role in choice option integration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans face decisions between sooner smaller rewards and larger later rewards daily. An objective benefit of losing weight over a longer time might be devalued in face of ice cream because they prefer currently available options because of insufficiently considering long-term alternatives. The degree of contribution of neural representation and attention to choice alternatives is not clear. We investigated correlates of such decisions in participants deciding for themselves or pretending to choose for a friend. Behaviorally participants discounted less in self-choices compared with the prosocial condition. Eye movement and MEG recordings revealed how participants represent choice options most evident for options with high subjective value. These results advance our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying decision-making in humans.
COVID-19 in Pediatrics: Characteristics of Hospitalized Children in New Jersey
Authors: Bhavsar Sejal M. , Clouser Katharine N. , Gadhavi Jasmine , Anene Okechukwu , Kaur Ranbir , Lewis Rachel , Naganathan Srividya , Michalak Zuzanna , Chen Clara Q. , Shah Pooja , Siu Anita , Ballance Cathleen 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Understanding the risk factors, predictors, and clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients with severe disease.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients admitted between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020, to a large health network in New Jersey with positive test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, rapid testing, or serum immunoglobulin G testing; we included demographic characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes.

RESULTS:
A total of 81 patients ≤21 years old were admitted with positive test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and/or serum immunoglobulin testing. Sixty-seven patients (82.7%) were admitted for management of acute COVID-19 infection, whereas 14 (17.3%) were admitted for management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Of the 81 hospitalized patients, 28 (34.6%) required intensive care. A majority of patients (42 [51.9%]) admitted for both acute COVID-19 infection and MIS-C were Hispanic. Underlying chronic health conditions were not present in most patients. Obesity (mean BMI of 41.1) was noted in the patients with MIS-C requiring ICU care, although not statistically significant. Absolute lymphopenia and elevated levels of inflammatory markers were statistically significant in the patients with MIS-C treated in the ICU.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study adds to the growing literature of potential risk factors for severe disease in pediatric patients due to COVID-19 infection and MIS-C. Patients of Hispanic ethnicity represented the majority of patients with both acute COVID-19 infection and MIS-C, despite only representing 10% to 20% of the population our hospitals serve. Infants and patients with chronic health conditions were not at increased risk for severe disease. Absolute lymphopenia and elevated levels of inflammatory markers were associated with more severe disease.
Enteral Vitamin A for Reducing Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Rakshasbhuvankar Abhijeet A. , Simmer Karen , Patole Sanjay K. , Stoecklin Benjamin , Nathan Elizabeth A. , Clarke Michael W. , Pillow J. Jane 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Evidence suggests that intramuscular vitamin A reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Our objective was to compare enteral water-soluble vitamin A with placebo supplementation to reduce the severity of BPD in extremely preterm infants.

METHODS:
We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in infants &lt;28 weeks’ gestation who were to receive either enteral water-soluble vitamin A (5000 IU per day) or a placebo. Supplementation was started within 24 hours of introduction of feeds and continued until 34 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). The primary outcome was the severity of BPD, assessed by using the right shift of the pulse oximeter saturation versus the inspired oxygen pressure curve.

RESULTS:
A total of 188 infants were randomly assigned. The mean ± SD birth weight (852 ± 201 vs 852 ± 211 g) and gestation (25.8 ± 1.49 vs 26.0 ± 1.39 weeks) were comparable between the vitamin A and placebo groups. There was no difference in the right shift (median [25th–75th percentiles]) of the pulse oximeter saturation versus inspired oxygen pressure curve (in kilopascals) between the vitamin A (11.1 [9.5–13.7]) and placebo groups (10.7 [9.5–13.1]) (P = .73). Enteral vitamin A did not affect diagnosis of BPD or other clinical outcomes. Plasma retinol levels were significantly higher in the vitamin A group versus the placebo group on day 28 and at 34 weeks’ PMA.

CONCLUSIONS:
Enteral water-soluble vitamin A supplementation improves plasma retinol levels in extremely preterm infants but does not reduce the severity of BPD.
Vitamin D for Growth and Rickets in Stunted Children: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Crowe Francesca L. , Mughal M. Zulf , Maroof Zabihullah , Berry Jacqueline , Kaleem Musa , Abburu Sravya , Walraven Gijs , Masher Mohammad I. , Chandramohan Daniel , Manaseki-Holland Semira 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Vitamin D is essential for healthy development of bones, but little is known about the effects of supplementation in young stunted children. Our objective was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of rickets and linear growth among Afghan children.

METHODS:
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 3046 children ages 1 to 11 months from inner-city Kabul were randomly assigned to receive oral vitamin D3 (100 000 IU) or placebo every 3 months for 18 months. Rickets Severity Score was calculated by using wrist and knee radiographs for 631 randomly selected infants at 18 months, and rickets was defined as a score &gt;1.5. Weight and length were measured at baseline and 18 months by using standard techniques, and z scores were calculated.

RESULTS:
Mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (seasonally corrected) and dietary calcium intake were insufficient at 37 (35–39) nmol/L and 372 (327–418) mg/day, respectively. Prevalence of rickets was 5.5% (placebo) and 5.3% (vitamin D): odds ratio 0.96 (95% CI: 0.48 to 1.92); P = .9. The mean difference in height-for-age z score was 0.05 (95% CI: −0.05 to 0.15), P = .3, although the effect of vitamin D was greater for those consuming &gt;300 mg/day of dietary calcium (0.14 [95% CI: 0 to 0.29]; P = .05). There were no between-group differences in weight-for-age or weight-for-height z scores.

CONCLUSIONS:
Except in those with higher calcium intake, vitamin D supplementation had no effect on rickets or growth.
過労死 (Karōshi)’s phenomenon and its collective existential damage
Authors: Ericksen Lauro 
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses 過労死 (Karōshi)’s phenomenon, stating it as a social labor-related issue. It presents Karōshi as sudden death by overworking. This paper objective consists in showing it as a singular and particular case of Japanese workaholism, rooted in its own cultural work system, conceptualizing Karōshi as a singularity in Japanese cultural system, putting it, and also 過労自殺 (Karōjisatsu), as an existential damage beyond the individual worker. Karōshi surpasses the line of personal damage and can be considered a cultural collective damage.
Political corruption in Italy
Authors: Guarnieri Carlo , Dallara Cristina , Sapignoli Michele 
Published: December 2020

At least since the 1990s, corruption has continued to be listed as one of the major shortcomings affecting old and new European democracies. In spite of that, measuring political corruption is still a tricky task. In this scenario, some recent studies proposed to turn the attention to the judicial actions to curb corruption, through criminal prosecution, shedding light specifically on the investigations involving high-level politicians (Popova and Post 2018; Dallara 2019). In this paper we aim to present data about judicial prosecution of political corruption in Italy, emphasizing how the number of investigations involving political actors seems rather high, although relatively few cases end with a conviction. Moreover, we aim to suggest some explanatory factors that could account for this situation. Among them: the salience of the issue in the political and public debate; the governance structure of the Italian judicial system and some characters of the Italian criminal law and procedure.
Appendicitis képében jelentkező akut promyelocytás leukaemia kiújulása allogén csontvelő-transzplantációt követően
Authors: Biró Adrienn , Ternyik László , Egyed Miklós , Bálint István , Czoma Veronika , Kajtár Béla , Káposztás Zsolt 
Published: December 2020

Összefoglaló. Az akut myeloid leukaemia ellátása primeren
hematológiai feladat, relapsusa során is ritka a sebészeti szövődmény.
Esettanulmányunkban egy 46 éves férfi beteget mutatunk be, akinél rutinvérvétel
során felfedezett akut promyelocytás leukaemia miatt történt hematológiai
kezelés. Alapbetegsége komplett molekuláris remisszióba jutott, ezt követően
fenntartó kezeléseket kapott, de betegsége kiújult. Reindukciós kezelést
követően fehérvérsejtszáma normalizálódott, de nem jutott molekuláris
remisszióba. További kezelés után a férfi testvérétől gyűjtött őssejttel allogén
csontvelő-transzplantáció történt. Közel egy éve molekuláris remisszióban volt a
beteg, amikor jelentkeztek jobb alhasi panaszai neutropenia, a C-reaktív protein
magas értéke és pozitív hasi ultrahang mellett. Akutan laparoszkópos módszerrel
távolítottuk el a láthatóan gyulladt féregnyúlványt. A hisztológiai feldolgozás
során az akut promyelocytás leukaemia manifesztációja igazolódott. Tekintettel
arra, hogy közben csontvelői relapsus is kialakult, újabb reindukciós kezelés,
és másik testvérétől vett őssejtekkel ismételten allogén
csontvelő-transzplantáció történt. Az általunk ismert irodalomban appendicitis
képében jelentkező akut promyelocytás leukaemia relapsusáról nem találtunk
közleményt, ezért tartottuk esetünket publikációra érdemesnek. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(51): 2171–2174.
Summary. The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia is primarily
hematological. Surgical complications are rare even during relapse. We present
the case of a 46-year-old man who was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic
leukemia after a routine blood test. Following hematological treatment,
molecular remission was achieved, and he was on maintenance therapy, when his
leukemia relapsed. He received re-induction treatment and his white blood cell
count normalised, however, molecular remission was not reached. After further
treatment, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was performed with stem cells
collected from his brother. He developed right lower quadrant abdominal pain
with neutropenia, elevated C-reactive protein and abdominal ultrasound report
showed thickened appendix after nearly one year of molecular remission. We
performed en emergency laparoscopic appendicectomy to remove the inflamed
appendix. Histology confirmed acute promyelocytic leukemia manifestation in the
appendix. Given the repeated bone marrow relapse, he received re-induction
treatment and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation again with stem cells
collected from his another brother. To the best of our knowledge, no previous
report in the literature can be found of appendicitis mimicking relapse of acute
promyelocytic leukemia, thus, this case report holds merit for publication. Orv
Hetil. 2020; 161(51): 2171–2174.
Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth, nutrient absorption and phytohormones levels in tea under shading condition
Authors: SUN Mufang , YUAN Ding , HU Xianchun , ZHANG Dejian , LI Yeyun 
Published: December 2020

High temperature and strong light could induce bitterness and astringency of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in summer. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus and shading could change tea growth surroundings and improve its quality. The present study evaluated the inoculated effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus etunicatum, on plant growth, root morphology, leaf nutrient status, phytohormones and the relative expression of root CsCPC, CsTTG1, CsAUX1, CsYUCCA1, CsNCED2, CsGA3OX1, CsDWF4 and CsAOS genes in Camellia sinensis ‘Xinyang population’ seedlings in sands under shading conditions. After 14 weeks of AMF inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 18.5% to 48.00%. AMF inoculation and shading heavily increased plant height, shoot and root biomass, total root length and volume, leaf nutrients content (except Fe), respectively. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and shading significantly increased root hair growth respectively, in company with up-regulation gene CsCPC and down-regulation gene CsTTG1. Root auxin level and its transport gene CsAUX1 was both up-regulated by mycorrhizal inoculation and shading. Interestingly, auxin biosynthesis gene CsYUCCA1 has not been affected, which suggested that both mycorrhizal and shading mainly regulate auxin transport but not biosynthesis pathway. The contents of gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) in root were notably increased by mycorrhizal inoculation and shading, accompanied with up-regulation of its biosynthesis genes, CsGA3OX1 and CsDWF4. With regard to the growth inhibiting phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), mycorrhizal inoculation and shading significantly decreased their levels in root, in company with down-regulation of biosynthesis genes, CsNCED2 and CsAOS. These results implied that both AMF inoculation and shading could enhance the tea plant stress resistance and increase nutrient absorption, root biomass and the contents of root phytohormones by up-regulating its transport and biosynthesis pathway.
Changes of carbon-isotope ratios in soil organic matter relative to parent vegetation and site specificity
Authors: BADEA Silviu L. , IONETE Roxana E. , COSTINEL Diana , NECHITA Constantin , BOTU Mihai , BOTORAN Oana R. 
Published: December 2020

Investigating the correlation between biodiversity and ecosystem function in natural environments using carbon-isotope composition (δ13C) allows distinguishing the nutrient cycling pattern and anthropogenic effects incorporation in plants and soil processes. The mechanisms behind the isotopic composition of soil organic matter (SOM) and parent vegetation in relation to the context of site-specificity was approached in this work. Formation of SOM can be affected by the presence of a high concentration of heavy metals in soils. Still, no systematic studies were performed in most of the industrial sites to support this hypothesis. In order to explore this incomplete understood influence, investigation of carbon isotope signatures (d13C) variations in soil organic matter were performed in two industrial areas from Romania (Copșa Mică industrial platform and Baia Sprie mining zone). The current study, also, investigated the C:N ratio variation, as well as the influence of N speciation regarding d13C values of SOM. The decrease in C:N ratio indicated an increasing effect of the microbial products on SOM matter at increasing depth, for both regions, while an increase of the denitrification processes with depth was found for both areas. For the most appropriate depth (20-40 cm), the soil from Baia Sprie region was more enriched in 13C comparing with the soil from Copsa Mica region, and this higher isotope fractionation of SOM might be due to a higher carbon content, respectively a higher nitrogen content of Baia Sprie soil. It was concluded that the SOM of the surface soil in the two investigated regions has an 13C isotopic composition similar to the plant remains from which it was formed, offering an integrated value of plant material, time and the local origin and providing useful markers of tree isotopic composition.
Antioxidant responses to drought and salinity in Lavandula angustifolia Mill.
Authors: SZEKELY-VARGA Zsolt , GONZÁLEZ-ORENGA Sara , CANTOR Maria , BOSCAIU Monica , VICENTE Oscar 
Published: December 2020

Drought and salinity are amongst the most damaging environmental stressors that can affect a plant's life cycle, from germination to senescence. In the present study were analysed the responses to salinity and drought in greenhouse-controlled conditions of two varieties of Lavandula angustifolia. Three-month-old lavender seedlings were subjected to water deficit and salt stress (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) during a 30-day period. Complementing a previous analysis focused on stress tolerance mechanisms based on the regulation of ion transport and the synthesis of osmolytes, we have now evaluated the effects of the water deficit and salt treatments on the generation of secondary oxidative stress, by measuring malondialdehyde levels, and the activation of antioxidant systems, both non-enzymatic and enzymatic, determining total phenolic compounds and flavonoids contents and calculating superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase specific activities, respectively, in extracts of control and stressed plants. The results obtained confirm that both lavender varieties react in the same way to the applied stress treatments, activating the same antioxidant responses. However, some differences were observed when comparing the specific mechanisms triggered by each type of stress. Thus, the oxidative stress induced under drought conditions was counteracted by accumulation of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, without apparent involvement of antioxidant enzymes. Salt stress, on the other hand, in addition to an increase in flavonoid levels also induced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. These antioxidant responses are likely to contribute to the relatively high tolerance (as compared to most crops) of lavender to drought and salinity.