bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for the study of householders’ engagement with low-carbon energy demand practices in dwellings with grid-connected photovoltaic energy systems
Authors: Goycoolea Juan P. Fernandez , Zapata-Lancaster Gabriela , Whitman Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
This paper introduces a framework to assess householders’ interaction with grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems in domestic buildings, in an attempt to research the question To what extent the engagement of occupants in energy demand management practices is relevant for the operational CO

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emissions reductions in dwellings with on-grid PV systems? The focus is placed on identifying the engagement with low-carbon operation practices and its relevance for final CO2 emissions from electricity consumption. Specifically, PV electricity Self-consumption and energy conservation practices are studied. To this extent, the research builds on i) the energy services approach and ii) the social practices approach to domestic energy demand. The context of owner-occupied houses which have been retrofitted with PV installations in South Wales, UK is taken as an example.
Methods:
After a brief conceptual review on domestic energy demand, a mixed-methods framework for the study of householders’ engagement with low-carbon energy demand practices is presented, comprising three key aspects: a) the conditions for the practices to occur, b) frequency with which householders enact the practices, and c) the estimation of final operational CO2 emissions performance.
Results:
As part of ongoing research work, a framework to study households’ engagement with low-carbon energy demand practices in buildings with grid-connected PV technology is proposed; focusing on the obtention of a socio-technical lecture to complement other sources of in-use assessment data.
Conclusions:
Besides single case-studies, the framework has potential applications in recognising and grouping households’ engagement profiles. In this way, it is suggested that the framework might facilitate the analysis when extensive assessments are needed; such as in public policy evaluation or demand response studies.
Grant Support:
This work is funded by CONICYT PFCHA/DOCTORADO BECAS CHILE/2018 - 72180375.
Big-data driven building retrofitting: An integrated Support Vector Machines and Fuzzy C-means clustering method
Authors: Lu Weizhuo , Feng Kailun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It has become a mainstream to use physical models to quantify expected energy savings from alternative retrofit methods and technologies. However, they are not suitable for predicting energy use of buildings when detailed and specified input parameters are unavailable. The overall purpose of the research is to support the stakeholders in taking decisions on refurbishments options when not all of physical information is available, in order to achieve the Swedish Energy Agency’s measurements of near-zero energy buildings. The research will transfer big data from Swedish Energy Performance Certificates for building retrofitting. A Support Vector Machines and Fuzzy C-means clustering (SVM-FCM) integrated machine learning algorithm is used directly to extract the case-specific knowledge from EPC big data regarding building characteristics and energy saving of retrofit measures. It enables to prioritize retrofit measures and compute their expected energy savings for buildings. This proposed data driven method is an attempt of taking advantage of big data for practical building retrofit selection.
The Influence of the Regional Revitalization Policy on Taiwan’s Land Planning_Taking Pingtung County Township as an Example
Authors: Chang Kuei-Feng , Chou Po-Cheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Taiwan’s population estimate report released in August 2018 shows that the population will decrease by over 1/4 by 2065, and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population will increase to 41.2%. In addition, in terms of population distribution, the urban population accounted for 69.2% of the total in 2017 and will exceed 70% by 2065, thus, the problem of uneven regional population distribution will become more severe. Moreover, as the young and strong labor force flock in large cities, the rural industrial labor force is insufficient, and the gap between urban and rural areas is widening. Therefore, the Executive Yuan set 2019 in Taiwan as the first year of local revitalization as a land development strategy to address population loss, recreate local employment opportunities, and revitalize the local industrial economy. In this context, Taiwan began promoting the Land Planning Law in 2016, which aims to cope with climate change, ensure land safety, conserve the natural environment and cultural assets, promote rational allocation of resources and industries, and pursue sustainable development. However, the priority areas for local revitalization are mostly remote and vulnerable areas, such as agricultural, hillside, and forest lands. Land use laws and regulations have many restrictions and lack flexibility in use, which is not conducive to attracting industries or population return. Thus, this study chose Pingtung County as a case study to explore the related factors of land use under the promotion of local industrial development, and provide strategic direction for Taiwan’s township land planning.
Strategies for Commissioning Processes to Ensure Sustainable Building Performance
Authors: Kjerulf L. , Jensen P.A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Building commissioning has developed over the last decades starting in the US as a quality insurance methodology, but it has increasingly been applied in other countries, including Denmark where this study was undertaken. The purpose of the paper is to investigate, how commissioning can be applied – not only during the building process but also during building operation, and to develop recommendations for strategies concerning implementation of commissioning processes to ensure sustainable building performance for both new and existing buildings. The study included a number of expert interviews as well as a case study of a Facilities Management (FM) organisation and one of their new office and laboratory buildings recently occupied. The case study included both quantitative investigations of energy consumptions and qualitative investigations based on documents and interviews. The research shows that commissioning has great potential to improve the sustainable performance of buildings, but it is important for FM organisations to develop strategies for their commissioning processes for the whole building life cycle. For new buildings, it is important to have particular commissioning processes in place for trouble shooting in the period from contractors handing over the building until a steady operation is established, but an ongoing commissioning process is also important to ensure continuous sustainable performance. The paper has implications for researchers by paving the way for a new field of research focusing on how to ensure sustainable building performance by implementing commissioning processes during the whole life cycle of buildings. It also has practical implications by providing specific recommendations for building clients and FM organisation concerning strategies for commissioning process that can ensure sustainable building performance and support SDG 11 and 12.
Measuring Success of Water Reservoir Project by Using Delphi and Priority Evaluation Method
Authors: Ismail H N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Traditionally project success has been defined in terms of the time, cost and quality. Extending the traditional triangle to include other factor of stakeholders and end-user provide a more complete view of project success. The aim of the study is to determine the factors that can be used to assess water reservoir project success. The factors for project success in from previous study have been identified and then, narrowly to determine the critical success factors by evaluating the appropriateness of the factors. Delphi method has been applied and a one day seminar has been conducted with a group of expert who involved in construction of water reservoir project in a water company agency. An initial questionnaire has been asked during the seminar through brainstorming and discussion session to identify potential success factors. Following from the seminar, a questionnaire survey was distributed to the participant for the purpose to establish the level of important of the factors. From the feedback of thirty (30) expert opinion and fourteen (14) returned expert surveys, refined seven (7) clusters of project success factors were identified: Clear Realistic Objectives; Quality Factor; Time Factor; Cost Factor; Deliverable; Legacy System; and Safety, Health and Environment. A template for measuring project success has been produced base on Priority Evaluation Method. At the end, five (5) actual projects in the water company agency have been used to show the application of the measuring project success template specifically for the water reservoir project. It has been used to determine the successfulness of each project. It shows that the main factor of an unsuccessful water reservoir project in this case are because of unclear realistic objectives, deliverable issue and time factor.
The co-evolution of business models and public policies in transitions - A system dynamics perspective
Authors: Kliem D. , Hügel K. , Scheidegger A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The role of the construction and building sector as parts of national metabolism is prominent in national sustainability agendas. Growing building stocks require continuous input of concrete, containing natural resources, such as gravel and cement. The output of construction demolition waste and excavation materials constitutes a major material flow that is either recovered or disposed. This study simulates the dynamic interactions between the gravel sector and its governing public policies. We find that public policies and business strategies co-evolve towards lock-ins, creating barriers in the mineral construction material industry towards sustainable production and consumption practices. We find that the low-price elasticity of mineral construction materials requires nation-wide policy interventions to reduce the demand for land and improve material efficiency. Thereby, a significant contribution to SDG 11 and SDG 12 is possible.
Form follows availability: The reuse revolution
Authors: Josefsson Taleen Astrid , Thuvander Liane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study links construction-related overuse of resources to design strategies that enable architects to reuse building and waste materials. The strategies are applied in a design proposal in a local Swedish context. Stakeholders and material systems have been mapped applying a systems approach; sixteen interviews with different experts have been conducted; and a methodology for finding and evaluating materials suitable for reuse has been created. Based on that, a building design proposal employing circular design transformed into the concept “Form follows availability” has been developed, taking into account locally available materials, the lifetime of the building and specified materials, and resilience against changing functions, cultural perceptions, and climatic conditions. Results show that it is difficult to design a building solely with reused materials when confined to the existing system. Still, it generates realistic design strategies demonstrating that material reuse is both possible and desirable. To facilitate material reuse at scale, transformation of architectural education, improved material testing and documentation, and supporting logistics are required. The benefits - reduced waste, increased cultural value, attractive aesthetics - argue for architects, clients, and contractors alike to employ material reuse as an effective means to reduce the building industry’s negative impact on the environment.
Design guidelines for circular building components based on LCA and MFA: The case of the Circular Kitchen
Authors: Stijn A Van , Eberhardt L C M , Wouterszoon Jansen B , Meijer A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction. The building sector consumes 40% of resources globally, produces 40% of global waste and 33% of all emissions. The transition towards a Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment is vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as responsible consumption and production. The built environment can gradually be made circular by replacing the current ‘linear’ building components with circular ones during maintenance and renovation. However, there are many possible design alternatives for circular building components; knowledge on which variants perform best – from an environmental perspective – is lacking. Methods. In this article, we develop environmental design guidelines for circular building components. First, we synthesize design variants for an exemplary circular building component: the Circular Kitchen (CIK). Second, we compare the environmental performance of these variants and a ‘business-as-usual’ variant by applying a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Finally, from the results, we derive design guidelines.

Results. We synthesized four design variants: (1) a kitchen made from bio-based, biodegradable materials, (2) a kitchen made from re-used materials, (3) a kitchen which optimises lifespans and materials, and (4) a modular kitchen in which components (with varying lifespans) are re-used by the manufacturer. From the LCA and MFA, we derived 7 design guidelines, which include: consider building components as a composite of sub-components, parts and materials with different and multiple use-, and life-cycles; match the materialisation of each part with the expected life cycle (merely substituting for re-used or low-impact materials does not provide the most circular design); facilitate various loops (e.g., repair, re-use, recycling) simultaneously.

Conclusions. The presented design guidelines can support industry in developing circular building components and, through implementation of these components, support the creation of a circular built environment.

Grant Support. This research received funding from the EIT Climate-KIC and AMS-institute.
Another way of living: The Prefabrication and modularity toward circularity in the architecture
Authors: Silva Marielle Ferreira 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The world requires housing capable of addressing the ecological challenge and social changes. Various architecture projects have used alternatives to solve these problems, like housing complexes to increase density, fast and low-cost constructions with prefabricated and modular methods and materials. The concrete will always be rooted in the culture of architecture, even the industry of construction can work with other materials and whose manufacture produces a considerable amount of CO2. Taking into account the different construction cycles and the evolution of uses and users, a change in architectural culture is required. This paper aims to shows that it is possible to achieve the concept of circularity in the built environment through the architectural design process. The research by design methodology was used to develop the recyclable typology named Slab focused on residential prefabrication methods, which will facilitate their disassembly and recycling. As a result, the design process and the models’ evolution of the Slab prototypes are presented in this paper. Prioritizing prefabrication and the modularity within the architectural design process has advantages, such highly effective reduce footprint areas, large-scale infrastructure for flexible use, and individual housing units with communal activities, besides, assure the building conditions for future disassembly and recycle.
Thermal performance of real-life in-situ cast lime hemp walls in Flanders
Authors: Knapen Elke , Neelen Naomi , Claes Ilse , Vandoren Bram , Janssens Bart 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to meet the energy performance regulations for new buildings and to improve the energy performance of the existing building stock, a high amount of insulation materials will be needed in the coming years. Meanwhile, the demand for renewable materials and materials with a low environmental impact is increasing. In previous research, the ecological and hygrothermal potential of lime hemp as a building material has been shown. Besides incorporating a large share of renewable and fast-growing hemp shives, lime hemp combines thermal insulating properties and a high thermal inertia with a good moisture regulating behaviour. However, despite the growing interest in the material and promising lab results, the thermal performance in real conditions is still uncertain. Due to the lack of validated data for in-situ cast walls, rather conservative λ-values for lime hemp are currently compulsory used in energy performance certification calculations in Flanders, the Flemish region of Belgium.
In this paper, the results of a case study analysis of four real-life lime hemp projects are presented. The thermal performance of four dwellings with in-situ cast lime hemp walls (both new construction and renovation) is determined by in-situ measurements of the U-value. The measurements show that the in-situ U-value of the lime hemp walls is significantly better than the U-value that is calculated with the λ-value that is currently accepted by the Flemish Energy Agency. However, drying of lime is a slow process, resulting in initially higher U-values that gradually decrease in the first months after lime hemp application. Once dried, in-situ cast lime hemp walls can meet the Flemish energy performance requirements.
Super insulation plasters in renovation of buildings in Sweden: energy efficiency and possibilities with new building materials
Authors: Karim Ali Naman , Johansson Pär , Kalagasidis Angela Sasic 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Super insulation plasters are new and high energy efficient plasters mixed with aerogel particles. Aerogel is a porous and low-density material with very low thermal conductivity compared to the traditional insulation materials. Today, approximately 27% of Sweden’s multi-family houses have a plaster façade. Plaster is commonly used in many other European countries as well. In this paper, numerical simulations are utilized to estimate the total magnitude of energy and CO
2 emissions that can be saved annually in Sweden by using super insulation plasters. In additional, possibilities and challenges in conjunction with the introduction of new techniques and materials in the building sector have been addressed, through interviews and literature review. The annual energy use and CO
2 emissions can be reduced by 74±48 GWh and 1000 ±600 ton respectively if 10% of Sweden’s multi-family houses are externally insulated by super insulation plaster. Based on the interviews it is evident that distinct information and documentation about a new building material, concerning the material properties and long-term performance, needs to be provided by the producer before usage of the material on industrial scale. Another important issue is the cost of a new technique and that it has to be economically motivated. Implementation of the super insulation plaster in Swedish buildings can contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals numbers 7, 8 and 9 by 2030, by increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and productivity on construction sites.
Powder bed 3D printing with quarry waste
Authors: Voney Vera , Odaglia Pietro , Schenker Filippo , Brumaud Coralie , Dillenburger Benjamin , Habert Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With 3D printing, material consumption can be reduced: It allows to place material only where needed, therefore structurally optimized building parts or formworks can be printed. Currently this technique uses an epoxy based resin to glue layer by layer an inert sand bed. However, this material choice holds a large improvement potential from an environmental and health perspective. It was shown previously, that the organic glue, that releases unhealthy volatile organic compounds, can be replaced by a mineralic binder, namely a geopolymer. With geopolymers and alkali activated materials, the embodied energy can be reduced, especially when built from waste materials. In this study, we focus on the replacement of the sand, which is becoming a scarce resource. The waste from a local gneiss quarry in Ticino (Switzerland) could be a good alternative. The powder bed of the 3D printing is made of aggregates of crushed quarry waste mixed with an aluminosilicate powder. The printing liquid is an alkaline solution that activates the aluminosilicate and reacts to a geopolymer. Droplet penetration experiments on different powder mixes were performed to adjust the binder composition. With a custom built powder bed 3D printer, samples with varying compositions and porosities were printed and tested on compression. It could be shown that samples printed with quarry waste perform as well as samples printed with silica sand in terms of compression strength and accuracy. This new material system is promising: with 3D printing of geopolymers and quarry waste, we can combine the environmental benefits of a new building technique with a low carbon intense material. The application of this technique may help the sustainable development of the local quarry sector by consuming the volumes of waste that causes storing and ecological issues and keep small quarries running.
Enabling regenerative building design through biohacking
Authors: Strunge Jon Wedersøe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The availability of circular materials and regenerative materials are, despite a large need, very limited. Mycomaterials being an experimental field of research, are not known or widespread in the industry. Through a collaboration between sectors, new interactions enabled testing of the viability in using mycelium to leverage upcycling of local waste to produce valuable interior building components. This while exploring possibilities in building design and market aspects in overall aim of enabling regenerative building design. By applying an academic protocol to industry know-how on waste treatment and building design, a series of new insights into wastebased mycomaterial performance characteristics on three waste fractions and three mycelium species was made thus enabling further research and product development.
From Prototypes to Production: Overcoming the Barriers to Adoption of Sustainable Building Innovation
Authors: Jensen Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Modern interpretations of sustainable buildings are founded upon innovative application of new products and technology, often applied for the first time. However, such prototype innovations require additional development for commercialisation. In the case of sustainable building innovation, this is to align the innovation with industry requirements such as cost, constructability and building regulations, all of which impact the adoption of the innovation into widespread use. Despite a clear understanding of the barriers to innovation in the construction industry, the importance of the attributes of an innovation that lead to adoption are less well understood. This research utilises the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory to analyse how the attributes for innovation adoption potential from the innovation rich Solar Decathlon building competition. This research demonstrates that there are a number of innovation attributes that are not addressed by the Solar Decathlon and this therefore results in the low rates of innovation adoption into industry from the competition.