bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
Authors: Greenshields Nicole , Mythen Monty 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide a brief summary of the progress of enhanced recovery over the last 5 to 10 years and set out what the future might hold for such programmes.

Recent Findings
There has been significant progress in the adoption of enhanced recovery programmes across multiple surgical specialities. However there is still difficulty in sustaining a target of > 80% compliance, which has been identified through research as the optimal level to observe best patient results. With increasing interest in perioperative medicine and prehabilitation, more focus is being put into enhanced recovery programmes.

Summary
The evidence continues to support the use of enhanced recovery programmes to reduce patient mortality, morbidity and length of stay and therefore saving cost and resource. However more progress needs to be made in adoption and compliance to these programmes. In the future, advances in technology may aid programme implementation and data collection.
A genetic approach to study the relationship between maternal Vitamin D status and newborn anthropometry measurements: the Vitamin D pregnant mother (VDPM) cohort study
Authors: Aji Arif Sabta , Erwinda Erwinda , Rasyid Rosfita , Yusrawati Yusrawati , Malik Safarina G , Alathari Buthaina , Lovegrove Julie Anne , Lipoeto Nur Indrawaty , Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanakrishnan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Adverse effects of maternal vitamin D deficiency have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and newborn anthropometry measurements using a genetic approach and examined the interaction between genetic variations in involved in vitamin D synthesis and metabolism and maternal vitamin D concentrations on newborn anthropometry.

Methods
The study was conducted in 183 pregnant Indonesian Minangkabau women. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) were created using six vitamin D–related single nucleotide polymorphisms and their association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and newborn anthropometry (183 infants) were investigated.

Results
There was no significant association between maternal 25(OH)D concentrations and newborn anthropometry measurements (P > 0.05, for all comparisons). After correction for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction, GRS was significantly associated with 25(OH)D in the third trimester (P = 0.004). There was no association between GRS and newborn anthropometric measurements; however, there was an interaction between GRS and 25(OH)D on head circumference (P = 0.030), where mothers of neonates with head circumference < 35 cm had significantly lower 25(OH)D if they carried ≥4 risk alleles compared to those who carried ≤3 risk alleles.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the impact of vitamin D-related GRS on 25(OH)D and provides evidence for the effect of vitamin D-related GRS on newborn anthropometry through the influence of serum 25(OH)D levels among Indonesian pregnant women. Even though our study is a prospective cohort, before the implementation of vitamin D supplementation programs in Indonesia to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, further large studies are required to confirm our findings.
Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sandoval-Salinas Carolina , Saffon José P. , Corredor Héctor A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) guide the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction using different methodologies. Nonetheless, the quality of published CPGs is unknown.

Aim
To evaluate the quality of CPGs for diagnosis and treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction.

Methods
The Medline, Embase, and LILACS databases were searched using structured strategies. The evidence was complemented by searches on websites of scientific societies and guideline developers. The CPG quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument.

Main Outcome Measure
The outcome measure included the quality of CPGs in accordance with the AGREE II instrument score.

Results
17 guidelines met the selection criteria. 15 had recommendations for diagnosis, 16, had recommendations for treatment, and 1 included a follow-up. Most of the guidelines were developed in Europe (35.3%) and North America (29.4%), 2 were prepared by specialized groups (11.7%), and 1 was funded by public resources. The most common development method was the panel of experts (9 guides, 52.9%). 5 guidelines were of high quality as per the methodological rigor, as follows: Cancer Care Ontario 2016 (76.5%), European Urology Association 2018 (65.6%), American Urological Association 2018 (62.5%), American College of Physicians (62.5%), and Japanese Society for Sexual Medicine (60.4%). There was a significant relationship (P = .043) between the methodological quality of the guidelines and the funding source.

Clinical Implications
By knowing the quality of the clinical practice guidelines, users can make more objective decisions about their use, which has an impact on patient care.

Strength & Limitations
High-quality CPGs frequently used in health-care practice were identified. Solely CPGs in Spanish, English, and Portuguese were included, which generates selection bias in the results.

Conclusions
The number of CPGs for erectile dysfunction developed using international standards that meet the AGREE II quality criteria is low. Scientific societies have a strong interest in developing guidelines on this topic, whereas the participation of governmental organizations is limited.
Strategic ignorance of health risk: its causes and policy consequences
Authors: NORDSTRÖM JONAS , THUNSTRÖM LINDA , VAN ’T VELD KLAAS , SHOGREN JASON F. , EHMKE MARIAH 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe examine the causes and policy implications of strategic (willful) ignorance of risk as an excuse to over-engage in risky health behavior. In an experiment on Copenhagen adults, we allow subjects to choose whether to learn the calorie content of a meal before consuming it and then measure their subsequent calorie intake. Consistent with previous studies, we find strong evidence of strategic ignorance: 46% of subjects choose to ignore calorie information, and these subjects subsequently consume more calories on average than they would have had they been informed. While previous studies have focused on self-control as the motivating factor for strategic ignorance of calorie information, we find that ignorance in our study is instead motivated by optimal expectations – subjects choose ignorance so that they can downplay the probability of their preferred meal being high-calorie. We discuss how the motivation matters to policy. Further, we find that the prevalence of strategic ignorance largely negates the effects of calorie information provision: on average, subjects who have the option to ignore calorie information consume the same number of calories as subjects who are provided no information.
Evaluating North Carolina’s policy for healthcare personnel living with HIV and hepatitis B who perform invasive procedures after 25 years of implementation
Authors: Mitchell Cedar L. , Lewis James W. , Maillard Jean-Marie , Moore Zack S. , Weber David J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHealthcare personnel who perform invasive procedures and are living with HIV or hepatitis B have been required to self-notify the NC state health department since 1992. State coordinated review of HCP utilizes a panel of experts to evaluate transmission risk and recommend infection prevention measures. We describe how this practice balances HCP privacy and patient safety and health.
Oxygen nipple and nut (Christmas tree) adaptor contamination rates and decontamination with disinfecting wipes
Authors: Colandrea Nicole A. , Cleary Michael L. , Peaper David R. , Sullivan Linda K. , Martinello Richard A. , Murray Thomas S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:Different manufacturers recommend different levels of disinfection for oxygen nipple and nut adaptors, also known as Christmas-tree adaptors (CTAs). We aimed to determine the bacterial contamination rates of CTAs before and after clinical use and whether disinfection wipes effectively eliminate bacteria from CTAs.Methods:CTAs were swabbed for bacteria directly from the shipment box or after use in a medical intensive care unit to determine levels of contamination. CTAs were also inoculated in the laboratory with a variety of bacteria and disinfected with either 0.5% hydrogen peroxide (Oxivir 1) or 0.25% tetra-ammonium chloride with 44.50% isopropyl alcohol (Super Sani-Cloth), and the effectiveness of each wipe was determined by comparing the bacterial recovery before and after disinfection.Results:CTAs exhibit low levels of bacterial burden before and after clinical use. Both disinfecting wipes were effective at removing bacteria from the CTAs.Conclusions:Low-level disinfection of CTAs is appropriate prior to redeployment in the clinical setting.
Europeanization and the Statehood Problem: The Cases of Croatia and Serbia
Authors: Milačić Filip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCroatia and Serbia are two countries that started their paths toward the EU with similar conditions. Nevertheless, in 2018, the end of this study’s period, the two countries are characterized by different outcomes regarding European integration. This paper puts forward one key determinant for the more successful Europeanization process of Croatia—resolved statehood problem—and claims that the unresolved statehood problem in Serbia led to higher adoption costs of EU rules. Therefore, this article seeks to improve the theorization of the relationship between Europeanization and the statehood problem.
Fundamental physics with the Square Kilometre Array
Authors: Weltman A. , Bull P. , Camera S. , Kelley K. , Padmanabhan H. , Pritchard J. , Raccanelli A. , Riemer-Sørensen S. , Shao L. , Andrianomena S. , Athanassoula E. , Bacon D. , Barkana R. , Bertone G. , Bœhm C. , Bonvin C. , Bosma A. , Brüggen M. , Burigana C. , Calore F. , Cembranos J. A. R. , Clarkson C. , Connors R. M. T. , Cruz-Dombriz Á. de la , Dunsby P. K. S. , Fonseca J. , Fornengo N. , Gaggero D. , Harrison I. , Larena J. , Ma Y.-Z. , Maartens R. , Méndez-Isla M. , Mohanty S. D. , Murray S. , Parkinson D. , Pourtsidou A. , Quinn P. J. , Regis M. , Saha P. , Sahlén M. , Sakellariadou M. , Silk J. , Trombetti T. , Vazza F. , Venumadhav T. , Vidotto F. , Villaescusa-Navarro F. , Wang Y. , Weniger C. , Wolz L. , Zhang F. , Gaensler B. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a planned large radio interferometer designed to operate over a wide range of frequencies, and with an order of magnitude greater sensitivity and survey speed than any current radio telescope. The SKA will address many important topics in astronomy, ranging from planet formation to distant galaxies. However, in this work, we consider the perspective of the SKA as a facility for studying physics. We review four areas in which the SKA is expected to make major contributions to our understanding of fundamental physics: cosmic dawn and reionisation; gravity and gravitational radiation; cosmology and dark energy; and dark matter and astroparticle physics. These discussions demonstrate that the SKA will be a spectacular physics machine, which will provide many new breakthroughs and novel insights on matter, energy, and spacetime.
Decreased functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions and methylation of the NR3C1 gene in Han Chinese adults who lost their only child
Authors: Qi Rongfeng , Luo Yifeng , Zhang Li , Weng Yifei , Surento Wesley , Xu Qiang , Jahanshad Neda , Li Lingjiang , Cao Zhihong , Lu Guang Ming , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLosing one's only child is a major traumatic life event that may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the underlying mechanisms of its psychological consequences remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated subregional hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) networks based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and the deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults who had lost their only child.MethodsA total of 144 Han Chinese adults who had lost their only child (51 adults with PTSD and 93 non-PTSD adults [trauma-exposed controls]) and 50 controls without trauma exposure were included in this fMRI study (age: 40–67 years). FCs between hippocampal subdivisions (four regions in each hemisphere: cornu ammonis1 [CA1], CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus [DG]) and methylation levels of the NR3C1 gene were compared among the three groups.ResultsTrauma-exposed adults, regardless of PTSD diagnosis, had weaker positive FC between the left hippocampal CA1, left DG, and the posterior cingulate cortex, and weaker negative FC between the right CA1, right DG, and several frontal gyri, relative to healthy controls. Compared to non-PTSD adults, PTSD adults showed decreased negative FC between the right CA1 region and the right middle/inferior frontal gyri (MFG/IFG), and decreased negative FC between the right DG and the right superior frontal gyrus and left MFG. Both trauma-exposed groups showed lower methylation levels of the NR3C1 gene.ConclusionsAdults who had lost their only child may experience disrupted hippocampal network connectivity and NR3C1 methylation status, regardless of whether they have developed PTSD.
NUMERACY IN CENTRAL NEW SPAIN DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Authors: Calderón-Fernández Andrés , Dobado-González Rafael , García-Hiernaux Alfredo 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis article presents new evidence and analysis on age heaping—a proxy for numeracy and therefore for human capital—in New Spain during the Enlightenment. Human capital plays an important role in economic growth and welfare. It is also one of the dimensions of inequality. Our results are at odds with many of the usual assumptions on which most Mexicanist historiography is based. Age heaping levels of males and females and ethnic groups across locations in Central New Spain are estimated and compared through ad hoc indicators with other countries. We infer that a more empirical emphasis on the institutional legacy of the viceregal period and more attention to human capital since pre-Conquest times will benefit the progress of Hispanic American economic history.
A Narrative Review of Methods for Applying User Experience in the Design and Assessment of Mental Health Smartphone Interventions
Authors: Lemon Christopher , Huckvale Kit , Carswell Kenneth , Torous John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesUser experience (UX) plays a key role in uptake and usage of mental health smartphone interventions, yet remains underinvestigated. This review aimed to characterize and compare UX evaluation approaches that have been applied in this specific context, and to identify implications for research and practice.MethodsA narrative review was conducted of UX-themed studies published in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus up to February 2019. Eligible studies reported on data reflecting users' interactions with a smartphone intervention for any mental health condition. Studies were categorized into “situated” versus “construct-based” methods according to whether or not an established UX construct was used to acquire and analyze data.ResultsSituated approaches used bespoke UX metrics, including quantitative measures of usage and performance, as well as grounded interview data. Construct-based approaches such as assessments of usability and acceptability were based on conceptual frameworks, with methodologically stronger versions featuring construct definitions, validated measurement tools, and an ability to compare data across studies. Constructs and measures were sometimes combined to form bespoke construct-based approaches.ConclusionsBoth situated and construct-based UX data may provide benefits during design and implementation of a mental health smartphone intervention by helping to clarify the needs of users and the impact of new features. Notable however was the omission of UX methods, such as split testing. Future research should consider these unaddressed methods, aim to improve the rigor of UX assessment, integrate their use alongside clinical outcomes, and explore UX assessment of more complex, adaptive interventions.
Immutable autobiography of smart cars leveraging blockchain technology
Authors: Ferdous MD. Sadek , Chowdhury Mohammad Jabed Morshed , Biswas Kamanashis , Chowdhury Niaz , Muthukkumarasamy Vallipuram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe popularity of smart cars is increasing around the world as they offer a wide range of services and conveniences. These smart cars are equipped with a variety of sensors generating a large amount of data, many of which are critical. Besides, there are multiple parties involved in the lifespan of a smart car, such as manufacturers, car owners, government agencies, and third-party service providers who also generate data about the vehicle. In addition to managing and sharing data among these entities in a secure and privacy-friendly way which is a great challenge itself, there exists a trust deficit about some types of data as they remain under the custody of the car owner (e.g. satellite navigation and mileage data) and can easily be manipulated. In this article, we propose a blockchain-assisted architecture enabling the owner of a smart car to create an immutable record of every data, called theautobiographyof a car, generated within its lifespan. We also explain how the trust about this record is guaranteed by theimmutabilitycharacteristic of the blockchain. Furthermore, the article describes how the proposed architecture enables a secure and privacy-preserving mechanism for sharing of smart car data among different parties.
Dementia-Related Education and Support Service Availability, Accessibility, and Use in Rural Areas: Barriers and Solutions
Authors: Bayly Melanie , Morgan Debra , Froehlich Chow Amanda , Kosteniuk Julie , Elliot Valerie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis scoping review mapped and synthesized published literature related to education and support services for individuals with dementia and their caregivers living rurally. Specifically, we investigated education and support service needs, availability and use of services, barriers to service access and use, and solutions to these barriers. Empirical, English-language articles (2,381) were identified within MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYCINFO, and EMBASE. Articles were screened according to Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-stage scoping review methodology and the recommendations of Levac et al. (2010). Findings suggest limited availability of rural dementia-related support and education services, particularly respite care and day programs. Service use varied across studies, with barriers including low knowledge regarding services, practicality, and resource issues (e.g., transportation, financial), values and beliefs, stigma, and negative perceptions of services. Solutions included tailored and person-centred services, technological service provision, accessibility assistance, inter-organization collaboration, education regarding services, and having a “point of entry” to service use.
Atypical presentation of invasive meningococcal disease caused by serogroup W meningococci
Authors: Stinson C. , Burman C. , Presa J. , Abalos M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis, a gram-negative diplococcus, is typically an asymptomatic coloniser of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. Passage of N. meningitidis into the bloodstream can cause invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), a potentially life-threatening illness with rapid onset that generally presents as meningitis, septicemia or both. Serogroup W IMD has been increasing in prevalence in recent years, and observations suggest that it may present with atypical signs and symptoms. Herein, a literature search was performed to identify trends in atypical serogroup W IMD presentation in order to review those that are most prevalent. Findings indicate that the most prevalent atypical presentations of serogroup W IMD include acute gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, septic arthritis and bacteremic pneumonia or severe upper respiratory tract infection, notably epiglottitis. Atypical clinical presentation is associated with higher case fatality rates and can lead to misdiagnoses. Such risks highlight the need for clinicians to consider IMD in their differential diagnoses of patients with acute GI symptoms, septic arthritis or bacteremic pneumonia, primarily in regions where serogroup W is prevalent.
Cardiovascular changes in children with sickle cell crisis
Authors: Onalo Richard , Cooper Peter , Cilliers Antoinette , Nnebe-Agumadu Uche 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Sickle cell anaemia is characterised by frequent, sometimes serious events referred to as “crisis”. Cardiopulmonary consequences such as pulmonary hypertension and myocardial ischaemia may accompany a serious crisis.Objective:To determine the cardiovascular changes that occur during a severe sickle cell crisis.Methods:A cross-sectional comparative study of sickle cell anaemia in children (5–17 years) admitted during a severe crisis (cases) and those in steady state (controls) was conducted over a 2-year period. Effects of the crisis on the cardiopulmonary system were assessed. The diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia was made using electrocardiography and serological cardiac biomarkers, while cardiac dysfunction and the presence of pulmonary hypertension were determined using echocardiography. The presence of systemic hypertension and tachycardia was also evaluated.Results:A total of 176 patients were recruited, 92 in steady state (male:female ratio, 1.2:1) and 84 in severe crisis (male:female ratio, 1.3:1). The mean age was 10.4 ± 3.2 years for steady state and 10.5 ± 3.4 years for those in crisis. The mean heart rate in crisis was higher than in steady state (p < 0.0001). The blood pressures (systolic, p < 0.0001, diastolic, p < 0.0001, mean, p < 0.0001) as well as myocardial ischaemia scores (p < 0.0001) were higher in patients with crisis than in those in steady state. Similarly, conduction abnormalities, pulmonary hypertension, and ventricular dysfunction were more prevalent in the crisis than in the steady state.Conclusion:The present data suggest that sickle cell crisis results in a derangement of clinical, electrocardiographical, and echocardiographical parameters in children with sickle cell anaemia. Further research on these cardiovascular events may improve the overall care of these patients.