bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faszien als sensomotorisches Netzwerk und deren Beziehung zu chronischen Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Bitterlich Kathrin , Anders Christoph 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel dieser Literaturübersicht ist es das fasziale Netzwerk im Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung von Rückenschmerzen zu betrachten, mögliche Einflussfaktoren zu analysieren und diagnostische Möglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, mit denen Veränderungen in faszialen Strukturen bei Rückenschmerzpatienten verdeutlicht werden können.
Methode Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche mit den Schlagworten Faszien, Sensomotorik, unspezifischer Rückenschmerz, creep, Schmerz und Diagnostik durchgeführt. Von etwa 400 Artikeln wurden die Abstracts gesichtet, etwa 150 wurden gelesen und ausgewertet. Am Ende flossen 86 Artikel in die Erstellung dieses narrativen Reviews ein.
Ergebnis Faszien können sich aufgrund der enthaltenen Fasern gut an eine Zugbelastung anpassen. Ab einer Dehnung der Fasern zwischen 3–8% kommt es zu ersten irreversiblen Gewebeveränderungen, die einen Beitrag zu unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen leisten können (creep-Effekt). Durch Mikroverletzungen können die in den Faszien enthaltenen Fibroblasten aktiviert werden und die Steifigkeit der Faszien erhöhen, was den möglichen Bewegungsradius einschränken kann und die Faszienvorspannung erhöht. Somit sinkt die Toleranz auf eine angelegte Zugspannung. Durch die Ultraschallelastografie ist die reduzierte Beweglichkeit in den Faserschichten der Faszien zu erkennen. Außerdem spielen Faszien durch ihre starke Innervation bei der Propriozeption, Exterozeption, Interozeption und Nozizeption eine maßgebliche Rolle.
Schlussfolgerung Ob das fasziale Netzwerk mit der Entstehung von unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen in Verbindung steht, kann aufgrund der derzeit immer noch lückenhaften Erkenntnisse über die funktionellen Zusammenhänge noch nicht geklärt werden. Außerdem stehen noch keine diagnostischen Mittel zur Verfügung, die die Funktionalität der Faszien sicher bewerten können. Dennoch sollten die Faszien als sensomotorisches Netzwerk verstanden werden, das in seiner Komplexität mit allen Strukturen des menschlichen Körpers wechselwirkt und somit einen Einfluss auf Rückenschmerzen haben kann.
Chiral Auxiliaries for Stereoselective Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutions
Authors: Schneebeli Severin T. , Sharafi Mona , Campbell Joseph P. , Murphy Kyle E. , Osadchey Brown Reilly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are of profound importance for the synthesis of biologically active compounds and other advanced materials. They represent an important means to activate specific aromatic C–H bonds without requiring transition-metal catalysts. Surprisingly, few stereoselective variants are known for electrophilic aromatic substitutions, which limits the utility of these classical reactions for stereoselective synthesis. While many electrophilic aromatic substitutions lead to achiral products (due to the planar nature of aromatic rings), there are important examples where chiral products are produced, including desymmetrization reactions of aromatic cyclophanes and of prochiral substrates with multiple aromatic rings. This Synpacts article now illustrates how chiral arms, when placed precisely above and underneath delocalized carbocations, can act as chiral auxiliaries to convert classical electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions into powerful diastereo- and enantioselective transformations.
Loose Fibrin Clot Structure and Increased Susceptibility to Lysis Characterize Patients with Central Acute Pulmonary Embolism: The Impact of Isolated Embolism
Authors: Ząbczyk Michał , Natorska Joanna , Janion-Sadowska Agnieszka , Metzgier-Gumiela Agnieszka , Polak Mateusz , Plens Krzysztof , Janion Marianna , Skonieczny Grzegorz , Mizia-Stec Katarzyna , Undas Anetta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground Prothrombotic fibrin clot properties are associated with higher early mortality risk in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients. It is unknown whether different types of PE are associated with particular clot characteristics.Methods We assessed 126 normotensive, noncancer acute PE patients (median age: 59 [48–70] years; 52.4% males), who were categorized into central versus peripheral PE with or without concomitant deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Plasma fibrin clot permeability (K s), clot lysis time (CLT), thrombin generation, platelet-derived markers, and fibrinolytic parameters were measured on admission. Plasma fibrin clot morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results Patients with central PE (n = 76; 60.3%) compared with peripheral PE (n = 50; 39.7%) had 17.8% higher K s and 14.3% shortened CLT (both p < 0.01 after adjustment for potential confounders including fibrinogen), with no differences between segmental and subsegmental PE. SEM analysis demonstrated larger fibrin fiber diameter and pore size in central PE compared with peripheral PE (both p < 0.01). For isolated PE, there was 23.3% higher K s in central PE than in peripheral PE (n = 24; 19%) with no differences in other variables. Central PE combined with DVT (n = 45; 35.7%), as compared with central isolated PE (n = 31; 24.6%), was associated with shortened CLT (all p < 0.05).Conclusion Our findings suggest that looser fibrin networks composed of thicker fibers with increased susceptibility to lysis characterize patients with central PE, suggesting that fibrin clot phenotype affects the size of thrombi occluding the pulmonary arteries, highlighting the role of fibrin structures in thrombus formation and stability.
Exome Sequencing Identifies Abnormalities in Glycosylation and ANKRD36C in Patients with Immune-Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Basu Malay Kumar , Massicano Felipe , Yu Lijia , Halkidis Konstantine , Pillai Vikram , Cao Wenjing , Zheng Liang , Zheng X. Long 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a potentially fatal blood disorder, resulting from autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). However, the mechanism underlying anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibody formation is not known, nor it is known how genetic aberrations contribute to the pathogenesis of iTTP.Methods Here we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of DNA samples from 40 adult patients with iTTP and 15 local healthy subjects with no history of iTTP and other hematological disorders.Results WES revealed variations in the genes involved in protein glycosylation, including O-linked glycosylation, to be a major pathway affected in patients with iTTP. Moreover, variations in the ANKRD gene family, particularly ANKRD36C and its paralogs, were also more prevalent in patients with iTTP than in the healthy controls. The ANKRD36 family of proteins have been implicated in inflammation. Mass spectrometry revealed a dramatic alternation in plasma glycoprotein profile in patients with iTTP compared with the healthy controls.Conclusion Altered glycosylation may affect the disease onset and progression in various ways: it may predispose patients to produce ADAMTS13 autoantibodies or affect their binding properties; it may also alter clearance kinetics of hemostatic and inflammatory proteins. Together, our findings provide novel insights into plausible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of iTTP.
Surgical Candidacy in Skull Base Paragangliomas: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Bhuskute Govind , Manogaran Ravi Sankar , Keshri Amit , Mehrotra Anant , Singh Neha , Mathialagan Arulalan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective The aim of the study is to determine the surgical candidacy and nuances of skull base paraganglioma surgery in the era of radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted in patients who presented with skull base paragangliomas between January 2017 and December 2019. Primary data, including indication for surgery, the approach used, the extent of resection, complications, and postoperative lower cranial nerve status were studied.

Results A total of 21 cases of skull base paragangliomas were analyzed, including seven cases of tympanic paraganglioma, 10 cases of jugular foramen paraganglioma, three cases of multiple paragangliomas, and one case of vagal paraganglioma. Indications for surgery were young age, bleeding from ear, neck mass with upper aerodigestive pressure symptoms, lower cranial nerve paralysis, and patients with intracranial pressure symptoms. Total excision was done in 11 patients, near-total excision in five patients, subtotal in three patients, and surgery was not done in two patients. Facial nerve paralysis was the most common complication observed, followed by bleeding and flap necrosis. Radiotherapy was considered as adjuvant treatment wherever indicated.

Conclusion A thorough knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of the skull base paragangliomas and its management strategies can help to achieve excellent results in terms of tumor clearance and reduction in complications. A multidisciplinary team approach and meticulous skull base surgical techniques have a significant role to play in the management of paragangliomas, especially in developing countries where availability of radiosurgery is still a challenge.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the conjugacy of Smale regular homeomorphisms
Authors: Zhuzhoma E. V. , Medvedev V. S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The class of Smale regular homeomorphisms of closed topological manifolds, with nonwandering set consisting of a finite number of periodic orbits of hyperbolic type, is considered. This class contains the Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms of smooth closed manifolds. For two Smale regular homomorphisms necessary and sufficient conditions for being conjugate are presented.
Bibliography: 26 titles.
Maximal Lie subalgebras among locally nilpotent derivations
Authors: Skutin A. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study maximal Lie subalgebras among locally nilpotent derivations of the polynomial algebra. Freudenburg conjectured that the triangular Lie algebra of locally nilpotent derivations of the polynomial algebra is a maximal Lie algebra contained in the set of locally nilpotent derivations, and that every maximal Lie algebra contained in the set of locally nilpotent derivations is conjugate to the triangular Lie algebra. In this paper we prove the first part of the conjecture and present a counterexample to the second part. We also show that under a certain natural condition imposed on a maximal Lie algebra there is a conjugation taking this Lie algebra to the triangular Lie algebra.
Bibliography: 2 titles.
On the phenomenon of the support shrinking of a solution with a time delay and on the extinction of the solution
Authors: Degtyarev S. P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe phenomenon of support shrinking with a time delay for the solution of a doubly nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation is studied in the case of slow diffusion and strong absorption. For a nonnegative solution, a sufficient condition for support shrinking beginning with some moment of time is deduced in terms of the local behaviour of the mass of the initial datum. It is also proved that the solution vanishes identically in finite time.Bibliography: 21 titles.
Designed nanomolar small-molecule inhibitors of Ena/VASP EVH1 interaction impair invasion and extravasation of breast cancer cells
Authors: Barone Matthias , Müller Matthias , Chiha Slim , Ren Jiang , Albat Dominik , Soicke Arne , Dohmen Stephan , Klein Marco , Bruns Judith , van Dinther Maarten , Opitz Robert , Lindemann Peter , Beerbaum Monika , Motzny Kathrin , Roske Yvette , Schmieder Peter , Volkmer Rudolf , Nazaré Marc , Heinemann Udo , Oschkinat Hartmut , ten Dijke Peter , Schmalz Hans-Günther , Kühne Ronald 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Protein–protein interactions mediated by proline-rich motifs are involved in regulation of many important signaling cascades. These motifs belong to the most abundant recognition motifs in the eukaryotic genome and preferentially adopt a left-handed polyproline helix II, a secondary structure element that has been notoriously difficult to mimic with small molecules. Here, we present a structure-guided design effort yielding a toolkit of chemical entities that enables rational construction of selective small molecule inhibitors for these protein domains. We succeeded in developing an inhibitor for the Ena/VASP protein family that is active in vivo and reduces extravasation of invasive breast cancer cells in a zebrafish model.
Markov state modeling reveals alternative unbinding pathways for peptide–MHC complexes
Authors: Abella Jayvee R. , Antunes Dinler , Jackson Kyle , Lizée Gregory , Clementi Cecilia , Kavraki Lydia E. 
Published: November 2020

SignificancePeptide binding to MHC receptors is part of a central biological process that enables our immune system to attack diseased cells. We use molecular simulations to illuminate the mechanisms driving stable peptide–MHC binding. Our simulation framework produces an atomistic model of the unbinding dynamics for a given peptide–MHC, which quantifies transitions between the major states of the system (bound, intermediate, and unbound). We applied this framework to study the binding of a SARS-CoV peptide to the HLA-A*24:02 receptor. This work revealed the unexpected importance of peptide’s position 4 in driving the stability of the complex, a finding with broader biomedical implications. Our methods can be applied to other peptide–MHC complexes, requiring only a 3D model as input.
The SKI complex is a broad-spectrum, host-directed antiviral drug target for coronaviruses, influenza, and filoviruses
Authors: Weston Stuart , Baracco Lauren , Keller Chloe , Matthews Krystal , McGrath Marisa E. , Logue James , Liang Janie , Dyall Julie , Holbrook Michael R. , Hensley Lisa E. , Jahrling Peter B. , Yu Wenbo , MacKerell Alexander D. , Frieman Matthew B. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic of 2020 has highlighted the great need for antiviral therapeutics. In this work, we identify a host factor, the SKI complex, is involved in replication of influenza and coronaviruses. Using computational modeling we were able to identify chemicals that interact with the host factor that display broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza, coronaviruses, and filoviruses, all of which cause significant morbidity and mortality. Broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics are sorely needed to combat known and unknown viral pathogens and the work presented here is our first step to developing antivirals to target the SKI complex.
How to mix
Authors: Torres Cacoullos Rena , Dion Nathalie , LaCasse Dora , Poplack Shana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe widespread occurrence of nouns in one language with a determiner in the other, often referred to as mixed NPs, has generated much theorizing and debate. Since both a syntactic account based on abstract features of the determiner and an account highlighting the notion of a Matrix language yield largely the same predictions, we assess how the tenets of each play out in speaker choices. The data derive from a massive corpus of spontaneous nominal mixes, produced by bilinguals in New Mexico, where bidirectional code-switching is the norm. Bilinguals’ choices concern (1) NP status (mixed vs. unmixed); (2) mixing type (limited-item vs. multi-word); and (3) language of the noun (here, English vs. Spanish). Results show that the community preference is for mixed NPs, independent of their theoretical felicity as dictated by determiner language properties. As to mixing type, these NPs are mostly constituted of lone nouns, such that the language of the determiner and any associated verb is perforce that of the surrounding discourse. Finally, the overwhelming choice is for English lone nouns incorporated into Spanish, and hence for a Spanish determiner. The language of the determiner thus proceeds, not from abstract linguistic properties, but instead from straightforward adherence to bilingual speech community conventions.
Light-headed relative clauses in Teramano
Authors: Mantenuto Iara , Caponigro Ivano 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigate an unstudied, rich component of the relative clause system in Teramano, one of the Upper Southern Italian
languages. We focus on light-headed relative clauses – relative clauses that lack a full nominal head and are introduced by only a
Determiner-like or pronominal “light head”. We also briefly describe headed relative clauses in Teramano since the morphosyntactic features
they exhibit are relevant for the investigation of light-headed relative clauses. Last, we highlight commonalities and differences between
light-headed relative clauses in Teramano and Italian. Our paper provides the first systematic in-depth description of light-headed relative
clauses in an Upper Southern Italian language that we are aware of, contributes to the knowledge of Teramano, the study of light-headed
relative clauses crosslinguistically, and the ongoing investigation of microvariation among Italian and Italian languages.
Temporal evolution of electron energy distribution function and its correlation with hydrogen radical generation in atmospheric-pressure methane needle–plane discharge plasmas
Authors: Liu Yadi , Zhang Shuai , Huang Bangdou , Dai Dong , Murphy Anthony B , Shao Tao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Non-thermal plasmas show great potential in low-temperature activation of methane (CH4) owing to the abundant energetic active species. Motivated by the fact that the chemical reactions in plasma-based CH4 conversion are dominated and regulated by the energetic electrons and various radicals, the temporal evolution of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and its relation to hydrogen (H) radical generation in an atmospheric-pressure CH4 needle–plane discharge plasma have been investigated numerically. The simulations are carried out using one-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte-Carlo collision and fluid dynamic models. It can be shown that during the formation and development of the streamer, a characteristic time exists, before and after which the evolution characteristic of the EEDF is reversed. This is mainly attributed to the competition between the energies continuously obtained from the electric field and the increasingly strong inelastic collisions and fast-growing low-energy electron population. When the amplitude of the applied voltage is increased, the fraction of electrons with high enough energy to participate in dissociation or ionization reactions of CH4 increases, leading to an increased H density. Besides, the characteristic time decreases exponentially, and the energy efficiency of the activation of CH4 molecules is decreased. An appropriate electron energy distribution and H radical density should be chosen to ensure acceptable product selectivity and conversion rate without excessive energy consumption; this will depend on the required products. The results presented in this work provide a partial theoretical basis for effectively optimizing the content of high-energy electrons and H radicals.
Modelling of long-term retention of high-fired plutonium oxide in the human respiratory tract: importance of scar-tissue compartments
Authors: Poudel Deepesh , Avtandilashvili Maia , Klumpp John A , Bertelli Luiz , Tolmachev Sergei Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries whole-body tissue donor Case 0407 had an acute intake of ‘high-fired’ plutonium oxide resulting from a glove-box fire in a fabrication plant at a nuclear defence facility. The respiratory tract of this individual was dissected into five regions (larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar-interstitial, and thoracic lymph nodes) and analysed for plutonium content. The activities in certain compartments of the respiratory tract were found to be higher than expected from the default models described in publications of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Because of the extremely slow rate of dissolution of the material inhaled, the presence of bound fraction is incapable of explaining the higher-than-expected retention. A plausible hypothesis—encapsulation of plutonium in scar tissues—is supported by the review of literature. Therefore, scar-tissue compartments corresponding to the larynx, bronchi, bronchioles and alveolar-interstitial regions were added to the existing human respiratory tract model structure. The transfer rates between these compartments were determined using Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of data on urinary excretion, lung counts and post-mortem measurements of the liver, skeleton and regional retention in the respiratory tract. Modelling of the data showed that approximately 30% of plutonium activity in the lung was sequestered in scar tissues. The dose consequence of such sequestration is qualitatively compared against that of chemical binding.
Investigating the UV absorption capabilities in novel Ag@RGO/ZnO ternary nanocomposite for optoelectronic devices
Authors: Hashem Elhussein M , Hamza Mahmoud A , El-Shazly Ayat N , Sanad Mohamed F , Hassan Minatallah M , Abdellatif Sameh O 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A facile one-pot method was utilized at room-temperature for the synthesis of novel ternary nanocomposite of Ag@RGO/ZnO, which is introduced as a low cost, efficient and reliable UV absorber. The crystalline, morphological, structural, and optical characteristics of the as-synthesized samples were investigated by various techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, and DRS. The measurements confirm the successful fabrication of the Ag@RGO/ZnO ternary nanocomposite. Optical characterization showed the synergetic role of Ag NPs and RGO NSs in the enhancement of the light absorption of the ternary nanocomposite in the UV portion compared to the bare ZnO NPs. Additionally, band-gap narrowing was observed due to the Ag-doping impact where potential applications for the proposed nanocomposite have been suggested.
Three-dimensional simulation of neutral transport in gases and weakly ionized plasmas
Authors: Varshavchik L A , Babinov N A , Zatylkin P A , Chironova A A , Lyullin Z G , Chernakov Al P , Dmitriev A M , Bukreev I M , Mukhin E E , Razdobarin A G , Samsonov D S , Senitchenkov V A , Tolstyakov S Yu , Serenkov I T , Sakharov V I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Transport and redeposition of plasma-facing materials in future fusion devices may have a critical influence on performance of in-vessel components. Evaluation of the impurity migration in diagnostic ports is important to predict degradation of in-vessel optics during the main plasma discharges as well as for development of in-situ cleaning maintenance. The Monte-Carlo code KITe was developed for modeling transport of neutral particles in weakly ionized plasma. The code employs advanced neutral particle collision model. The first KITe simulation and experimental validation of sputtered atom transport demonstrate performance of the proposed approach.