bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STEMI in the cancer patient: Do not withhold primary PCI!
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Tummala Pradyumna , Marshall J. Jeffrey 
Published: June 2020

Key Points
Poor outcomes observed in cancer patients who sustain STEMI are due, in part, to advanced age, comorbidities, and underutilization of guidelines‐based therapies.
Coronary angiography in the cancer patient is more likely to demonstrate MINOCA, but the majority have critical disease and PCI success is similar to noncancer patients.
We recommend primary PCI with stenting as the default strategy in STEMI patients with cancer.
Peripheral arterial disease and transcatheter valve replacement outcomes
Authors: Krajcer Zvonimir , Postalian Alexander 
Published: June 2020

Key Points
Patients with PAD have worse outcomes after TAVR.
The extent and distribution of PAD are important considerations in determining TAVR feasibility and choosing an access site.
Further research is needed to establish the best approaches to treating patients with aortic and iliofemoral disease severe enough to limit device delivery.
Lis1 co‐localizes with actin in the phagocytic cup and regulates phagocytosis
Authors: Chhatre Aditya , Sanghavi Paulomi , Mallik Roop 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhagocytosis, the ingestion of solid particles by cells is essential for nutrient uptake, innate immune response, antigen presentation and organelle homeostasis. Here we show that Lissencephaly‐1 (Lis1), a well‐known regulator of the microtubule motor dynein, co‐localizes with actin at the phagocytic cup in the early stages of phagocytosis. Both knockdown and overexpression of Lis1 perturb phagocytosis, suggesting that Lis1 levels may be regulated during particle engulfment to facilitate remodeling of actin filaments within the phagocytic cup. This requirement of Lis1 is replicated in mouse macrophage cells as well as in the amoeba Dictyostelium, indicating an evolutionarily conserved role for Lis1 in phagocytosis. In support of these findings, Dictyostelium cells overexpressing Lis1 show defects in migration possibly caused by dysregulated actin. Taken together, Lis1 localizes to the phagocytic cup and influences the actin cytoskeleton in a manner that appears important for the uptake of solid particles into cells.
Classification of breast cancer mammogram images using convolution neural network
Authors: Albalawi Umar , Manimurugan S , Varatharajan R 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMedical imaging systems have broadly used in the diagnosis and identification of breast cancer. It is essential to recognize breast tumor as soon as possible. Mammography is a widely utilized method for the identification of breast cancer. The identification of cancer is trailed by the segmentation of the cancer area in an image of the mammogram. Numerous researches have been made on the diagnosing and identification of breast cancer utilizing different classification and image processing methods. In this work, we proposed the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier for diagnosing breast cancer utilizing MIAS (Mammographic Image Analysis Society)‐dataset. CNN established as an efficient class of methods for image recognition problems. CNN is a deep learning system that extricates the feature of an image and utilizes those features for classification of the image. Because deep learning methods are utilized for high task objective Computer Vision, Medical Diagnosis, Image processing, and so on. Wiener filter is utilized to expel the noise and background of the image and the K‐means clustering technique was utilized for the segmentation. After segmentation, the features are extracted and classified utilizing CNN classifier. The performance of this proposed method was analyzed and compared with the conventional techniques based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity result parameters. From the comparison result, it is seen that the CNN classifier performed better compared with different techniques with 0.5‐4% additional accuracy and 3‐13% specificity.
Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization of Mid‐Gestation Mouse Embryos
Authors: Beverdam Annemiek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn situ hybridization is a powerful technique that allows the visualization of specific RNA species in biological samples in exquisite detail. It has been particularly well explored in the field of developmental genetics. The spatial and temporal patterns of RNA expression provide us with critical information on likely gene function during embryonic development, and often inform the decision on whether to attempt further gene manipulation approaches. Furthermore, once a mouse strain with altered gene function has been created, in situ hybridization is a critical tool for revealing how the development of embryos with the mutation differs from that of wild‐type embryos, and thus infer the function of the altered gene. Here, a well‐tested protocol used to visualize RNA expression in whole‐mount mid‐gestation mouse embryos ranging from 8.5 to 14.5 days post‐coitum (dpc) is described. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: RNA probe synthesisAlternate Protocol: Preparation of DNA template by PCRBasic Protocol 2: Embryo dissectionBasic Protocol 3: Whole mount in situ hybridizationSupport Protocol: Generation of embryo powder
Measuring the additive effects of predation on prey survival across spatial scales
Authors: Payton Quinn , Evans Allen F. , Hostetter Nathan J. , Roby Daniel D. , Cramer Brad , Collis Ken 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe degree to which predation is an additive vs. compensatory source of mortality is fundamental to understanding the effects of predation on prey populations and evaluating the efficacy of predator management actions. In the Columbia River basin, USA, predation by Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) on U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA)‐listed juvenile salmonids (smolts;Oncorhynchusspp.) has led to predator management actions to reduce predation; however, the assumption that reduced predation translates into greater salmonid survival, either within the life stage where predation occurs or across their lifetime, has remained untested. To address this critical uncertainty, we analyzed a long‐term (2008–2018) mark–recapture–recovery data set of ESA‐listed steelhead trout (O.mykiss) that were tagged (n = 78,409) and subsequently exposed to predation during smolt out‐migration through multiple river reaches (spatial scales), jointly estimating weekly probabilities of steelhead survival, mortality due to bird predation, and mortality due to other causes. This concurrent estimation across time‐stratified cohorts allowed for the direct measurement of the strength, magnitude, and direction of relationships between survival and Caspian Tern predation. Estimates of Tern predation on steelhead were substantial in most years, with cumulative annual estimates ranging from 0.075 (95% creditable interval = 0.058–0.099) to 0.375 (0.290–0.461). Increases in Tern predation probabilities were associated with statistically significant decreases in steelhead survival probabilities in all evaluated years and salmonid life stages (smolt out‐migration and smolt‐to‐adult returns). Results provide novel evidence that predation by Caspian Terns may have been a super‐additive source of mortality during the smolt life stage and a partially additive source of mortality to the adult life stage. Annual estimates of the difference between observed survival and baseline survival (i.e., in the absence of Tern predation) ranged from 0.052 (0.017–0.103) to 0.314 (0.172–0.459) during the steelhead smolt life stage and from 0.011 (0.001–0.029) to 0.049 (0.025–0.078) to the adult life stage. The estimated levels of compensation have important implications for predator management actions aimed at increasing the survival of endangered salmonids, and the modeling approach developed herein provides a framework to directly quantify the impacts of source‐specific mortality factors on prey populations.
Phylo‐biogeographical distribution of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Insecta: Aleyrodidae) mitotypes in Ecuador
Authors: Paredes‐Montero Jorge R. , Ibarra María A. , Arias‐Zambrano Myriam , Peralta Esther L. , Brown Judith K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Bemisia tabaci complex in Ecuador was studied with respect to phylogenetic relationships and eco‐geographical distribution. Whitefly samples were collected from natural and agricultural environments in nine provinces of Ecuador (latitude, 2° N–5° S; longitude, 78°–81° W). Mitotypes were identified based on phylogenetic analysis of the 3′‐mtCOI‐tRNAleu region (832 bp) and corrected pairwise distance analysis. The distribution of mitotypes was modeled using MaxEnt, and their predicted niches were characterized according to environmental gradients. Four B. tabaci mitotypes were identified, of which three are endemic, herein ECU1–3, and the other is the introduced B mitotype. Mitotypes ECU1 (44%), ECU2 (0.74%), and ECU3 (1.47%) grouped in the American Tropics (AMTROP) species and diverged by as much as 10%, which was higher than previous estimates for the AMTROP clade of 7–8.6%. Although haplotypes of ECU1 and ECU2 are known from the American Tropics, this is the first report of the ECU3 mitotype, which may possibly be restricted to southern Ecuador. The distribution of the three ECU‐endemic mitotypes spanned the high‐altitude niches of the western slope of the Andes, rich in microclimates with variable temperature and humidity conditions. The non‐endemic B mitotype (47%) occurred only in the irrigated cropping systems located in hot and/or dry‐tropical ecological niches. Of the endemic mitotypes, ECU1 occupied the most ecological niches. Among variables contributing to ECU1 and B mitotype niche range assignments, the most significant to influence ecological range was rainfall. The B. tabaci endemic to Ecuador were more diverse with respect to mtCOI‐tRNAleu sequence than previously known, and occupied distinct microclimate niches suggestive of ecological resilience.
Association of preoperative duration of inotropy on prevalence of right ventricular failure following LVAD implantation
Authors: Benjamin Mina M. , Sundararajan Sakthi , Sulaiman Samian , Miles Bryan , Walker Rebekah J. , Durham Lucian , Kohmoto Takushi , Joyce David L. , Ishizawar David , Gaglianello Nunzio , Mohammed Asim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims20% to 40% of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) device implantations are complicated by right ventricular (RV) failure that results in significant morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that the duration on milrinone infusion is an independent risk factor for RV failure following LVAD implantation.Methods and resultsRetrospective demographic, clinical and hemodynamic data were collected on all adults with ACC/AHA stage D heart failure on intravenous milrinone who underwent LVAD implantation between 2012 and 2019. Patients (n = 104) were divided into two groups, those on milrinone <30 days (STM, n = 55) vs. ≥30 (LTM, n = 49). The primary endpoint was the prevalence of RV failure (need for inotropic support for more than 14 days or RV assist device) within 30 days post‐LVAD implantation. There were no significant differences between STM and LTM patients with respect to demographic, echocardiographic, right heart catheterization data, or baseline medications. The mean age of patients was 55.6 ± 12 years (70% male patients). Mean duration on milrinone was 13.7 vs. 81.0 days in STM and LTM, respectively. Forty‐five (43.3%) patients developed RV failure. LTM had higher prevalence of RV failure with odds ratio (OR) = 5.04 (95% CI 2.18–11.68, P = 0.0002). After adjusting for age, gender, and co‐morbidity count, the OR was 6.33 (95% CI 2.51–15.93), P < 0.0001.ConclusionsIn this retrospective study of ACC/AHA stage D HF patients, longer duration of milrinone infusion was associated with higher prevalence of RV failure after LVAD implantation.
A robust network measurement and feature selection strategy for software‐defined edge computing environment
Authors: Zhang Peiying , Liu Fanglin , Vashisht Sahil , Singh Mann Ravinder 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the development of Internet technology, the centralized cloud computing cannot satisfy the real‐time processing requirements of the edged terminal devices. Therefore, edge computing has emerged as a potential technology that can provide a bridge between data source and cloud computing centers. However, with the terminal devices of access network becoming more and more diversified, while providing convenience for people's life, the complicated network environment and heterogeneous network structure make the attack prediction and security defense become a new challenge in the edge computing environment. For example, (i) how to effectively measure the network parameters; (ii) how to reduce the occupied bandwidth caused by network measurement; and (iii) how to select valuable features based on measurement data. To address these problems, a topology simplification strategy based on the aggregation coefficient and the local information entropy of the network is proposed to reduce the bandwidth resource occupation caused by probe packets and the workload of network measurement. Moreover, in order to solve the problem that the data are out of date due to the long measurement period, an iterative strategy of environment‐aware measurement interval is proposed. In addition, a feature selection strategy based on hybrid filtering method and chaotic genetic algorithm is proposed for flow classification. This method is more suitable for edge computing environments. Simulation experiments show that based on the open source KDD99 data set, compared with the other three methods, the strategy has better performance in multiple indicators such as precision, F‐measure, false negative rate, and false positive rate. Unlike the previous work on classifiers, the three strategies we proposed complement each other and focus on the prework that has received less attention, which can make an important foundation for subsequent classification work.
Attentional reorientation along the meridians of the visual field: Are there different neural mechanisms at play?
Authors: Steinkamp Simon R. , Vossel Simone , Fink Gereon R. , Weidner Ralph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHemispatial neglect, after unilateral lesions to parietal brain areas, is characterized by an inability to respond to unexpected stimuli in contralesional space. As the visual field's horizontal meridian is most severely affected, the brain networks controlling visuospatial processes might be tuned explicitly to this axis. We investigated such a potential directional tuning in the dorsal and ventral frontoparietal attention networks, with a particular focus on attentional reorientation. We used an orientation‐discrimination task where a spatial precue indicated the target position with 80% validity. Healthy participants (n = 29) performed this task in two runs and were required to (re‐)orient attention either only along the horizontal or the vertical meridian, while fMRI and behavioral measures were recorded. By using a general linear model for behavioral and fMRI data, dynamic causal modeling for effective connectivity, and other predictive approaches, we found strong statistical evidence for a reorientation effect for horizontal and vertical runs. However, neither neural nor behavioral measures differed between vertical and horizontal reorienting. Moreover, models from one run successfully predicted the cueing condition in the respective other run. Our results suggest that activations in the dorsal and ventral attention networks represent higher‐order cognitive processes related to spatial attentional (re‐)orientating that are independent of directional tuning and that unilateral attention deficits after brain damage are based on disrupted interactions between higher‐level attention networks and sensory areas.
Comparing the validity of net promoter and benchmark scoring to other commonly used employee engagement metrics
Authors: Brown Matt I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganizational survey data are an important part of workforce analytics for HRD researchers and practitioners. Despite the wealth of research on the business impact of employee attitudes, such as job satisfaction or engagement, there has been relatively little research to help HRD practitioners identify the optimal methods for scoring and reporting survey results. Inspired by customer satisfaction research, this study empirically examines how the use of different metrics for scoring survey responses affects the distributions of work unit engagement scores and relationships with work outcomes. Survey data were gathered from 1,242 work units in a healthcare organization. Results indicate that the choice of scoring method can meaningfully affect the distribution and validity of scores. Metrics based on extremely positive responses (top box and net promoter) were positively skewed and yielded the strongest correlations with performance. Benchmark scores were also positively skewed but did not provide any added criterion‐related validity. In contrast, mean and percent favorable scores were negatively skewed, provided less variability in scores between groups, but equally predicted unit turnover. These results indicate that using top box or net promoter scoring may yield a more normal distribution of group scores while also providing equal to greater predictive validity for performance. However, these results were only observed within a single organization. Further research is needed to determine whether these results can be replicated within different organizational contexts or when using different criterion measures including objective performance measures or patient and customer satisfaction.
Height, body mass index and prostate cancer risk and mortality by way of detection and cancer risk category
Authors: Jochems Sylvia H. J. , Stattin Pär , Häggström Christel , Järvholm Bengt , Orho‐Melander Marju , Wood Angela M. , Stocks Tanja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObesity is a risk factor for advanced, but not localised, prostate cancer (PCa), and for poor prognosis. However, the detection of localised PCa through asymptomatic screening might influence these associations. We investigated height and body mass index (BMI) among 431 902 men in five Swedish cohorts in relation to PCa risk, according to cancer risk category and detection mode, and PCa‐specific mortality using Cox regression. Statistical tests were two‐sided. Height was positively associated with localised intermediate‐risk PCa (HR per 5 cm, 1.03, 95% CI 1.01‐1.05), while overweight and obesity were negatively associated with localised low‐ and intermediate‐risk PCa (HRs per 5 kg/m2, 0.86, 95% CI 0.81‐0.90, and 0.92, 95% CI 0.88‐0.97). However, these associations were partially driven by PCa's detected by asymptomatic screening and, for height, also by symptoms unrelated to PCa. The HR of localised PCa's, per 5 kg/m2, was 0.88, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.92 for screen‐detected PCa's and 0.96, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.01 for PCa's detected through lower urinary tract symptoms. BMI was positively associated with PCa‐specific mortality in the full population and in case‐only analysis of each PCa risk category (HRs per 5 kg/m2, 1.11‐1.22, P for heterogeneity = .14). More active health‐seeking behaviour among tall and normal‐weight men may partially explain their higher risk of localised PCa. The higher PCa‐specific mortality among obese men across all PCa risk categories in our study suggests obesity as a potential target to improve the prognosis of obese PCa patients.
Risk factors for spontaneous preterm delivery
Authors: Cobo Teresa , Kacerovsky Marian , Jacobsson Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a substantial variation in rates of preterm delivery between different parts of the world. The understanding of these variations, as well as the biological mechanisms behind spontaneous preterm delivery, is limited. Although the benefit of antenatal interventions has been shown to be limited, using well‐known risk factors for spontaneous preterm delivery to select the correct pregnant women for targeted interventions is important from both a medical and caregiving perspective.ObjectiveTo provide an introduction to a substantial research area dealing with risk factors of spontaneous preterm delivery.MethodsRisk factors in this review were classified as demographical, obstetrical, and gynecological and those related to the current pregnancy according to high‐quality evidence of recent literature.Results and ConclusionAn introduction to a substantial research area in maternal and fetal medicine was provided that might help clinicians to better understand the risk factors related to preterm delivery and select the correct pregnant women for targeted interventions.
Global burden of preterm birth
Authors: Walani Salimah R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreterm birth is a live birth that occurs before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. Approximately 15 million babies are born preterm annually worldwide, indicating a global preterm birth rate of about 11%. With 1 million children dying due to preterm birth before the age of 5 years, preterm birth is the leading cause of death among children, accounting for 18% of all deaths among children aged under 5 years and as much as 35% of all deaths among newborns (aged <28 days). There are significant variations in preterm birth rates and mortality between countries and within countries. However, the burden of preterm birth is particularly high in low‐ and middle‐income countries, especially those in Southeast Asia and sub‐Saharan Africa. Preterm birth rates are rising in many countries. The issue of preterm birth is of paramount significance for achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 target #3.2, which aims to end all preventable deaths of newborns and children aged under 5 years by 2030.
An integrated approach to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes in rural Guatemala: A stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trial
Authors: Kestler Edgar , Ambrosio Guillermo , Hemming Karla , Hughes James P. , Matute Jorge , Moreno Mario , Madriz Solange , Walker Dilys 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of an intervention package on maternal and newborn health indicators.MethodsA randomized stepped‐wedge non‐blind trial was conducted across six subdistricts within two districts in Guatemala from January 2014 to January 2017. Data on outcomes were collected on all deliveries in all 33 health centers. The intervention package included distribution of promotional materials encouraging health center delivery; education for traditional birth attendants about the importance of health center delivery; and provider capacity building using simulation training. Main outcomes were number of health center deliveries, maternal morbidity, and perinatal morbidity and mortality.ResultsOverall, there were 24 412 deliveries. Health center deliveries per 1000 live births showed an overall increase, although after adjustment for secular trends and clustering, the relative risk for the treatment effect was not statistically significant (aRR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–1.11, P=0.242). Although not statistically significant, maternal morbidity (aRR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60–1.02; P=0.068) and perinatal morbidity (aRR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.68–1.05; P=0.133) showed a tendency toward a decrease.ConclusionThe present study represents one of the few randomized evaluations of an integrated approach to improve birth outcomes in a low‐income setting.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT0315107.