bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequality in in-hospital mortality due to road traffic accident between ethnic populations in specified groups living in the same country
Authors:   Israel Trauma Group, Tiruneh Abebe , Siman-Tov Maya , Radomislensky Irina , Peleg Kobi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Road traffic accidents (RTA) are not equally distributed between ethnic groups, disproportionately affecting minorities. In Israel, Arabs are at higher risk of involvement in RTA relative to their proportion in the population. This study aims to compare the risk of in-hospital mortality from RTA between Arabs and Jews in Israel and to identify the factors associated with mortality in each population group.

Methods
This study is based on the Israeli National Trauma Registry of patients hospitalized due to road traffic injuries (Injury Severity Score 16+) between 2008 and 2017. Demographic, injury and hospitalization characteristics, evacuation means and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression with random intercept for the treating hospital was performed to estimate the risk of mortality.

Results
Of the 11,523 hospitalizations reported, 29% were Arabs, which is higher than their proportion in the Israeli population (21%). When comparing Arabs with Jews they were younger (ages 0–24 years - 61% vs 30%), injured as a car driver (28% vs 20%) or passenger (21% vs 15%) and less likely to be a motor cyclist (8.8% vs. 19.2%). In addition, Arabs were more likely to suffer from critical injuries (51% vs 44%) and head injuries (71% vs 66%). Although Arabs were less likely to be evacuated by ambulance (68% vs 80%), they were more likely to be evacuated by a private vehicle or an emergency medical helicopter. Transfers between hospitals were greater among Arabs (14% vs 22%), as were hospital admissions “outside official work hours” (70% vs 78%) and hospital resource utilization. After accounting for demographic, injury, and hospitalization characteristics the risk of in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among Arabs compared to Jews (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14–2.32). The significantly higher mortality among Arabs was apparent in the sub-group of patients who were critically injured and in those who arrived at the hospital “outside official work hours”.

Conclusions
This study suggests the need for developing appropriate interventions focusing on the Arab community in general, and according to the analysis of risk groups and areas of injury in particular, including rapid access to emergency medical services and definitive care.
Factors associated with major adverse kidney events in patients who underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Vinclair Camille , De Montmollin Etienne , Sonneville Romain , Reuter Jean , Lebut Jordane , Cally Radj , Mourvillier Bruno , Neuville Mathilde , Ruckly Stéphane , Timsit Jean-François , Bouadma Lila 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe acute kidney injury (AKI) natural history and to identify predictors of major adverse kidney events (MAKE) within 1 year in patients supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingMedical French intensive care unit between January 2014 and December 2016.PatientsConsecutive patients implanted with VA-ECMO ≥ 16 years, VA-ECMO for at least ≥ 48 h, and without end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD).InterventionNone.MeasurementsMultivariate logistic regression of factors associated with MAKE at 1 year defined as one of the following criteria within day 360: death and receipt of renal replacement therapy (RRT) or persistent renal dysfunction, i.e., CKD ≥ stage 3 corresponding to an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2and MAKE at day 30 and day 90 defined as one of the following criteria within day 30 or day 90: death, receipt of renal replacement therapy and serum creatinine ≥ threefold increase.Main results158 consecutive patients were included (male sex: 75.9%; median and interquartile range: age: 59 [47–66], Simplified Acute Physiology Score II: 55 [39–66], Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment Score: 9 [7–12], time on VA-ECMO: 7.5 [4–12] days). Among them 145 (91.8%) developed an AKI during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and 85 (53.8%) needed renal replacement therapy (RRT). 59.9% (91/152), 60.5% (89/147) and 85.1% (120/141) evaluable patients had a MAKE-30, MAKE-90 and MAKE-360, respectively. Factors significantly associated with MAKE-360 were eGFR at baseline (odds ratio (OR) 0.98, confidence interval 95% (CI) [0.97;1.00],p0.02), Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) stage at cannulation (p = 0.03), e.g., stage 3 vs. reference stage 0 OR 10.20 [1.77–58.87], and number of red blood cell (RBC) packs received while under ECMO (OR 1.14, CI 95% [1.01;1.28],p = 0.03). At 1 year among the 51 survivors, almost half of the alive patients (n = 20/51) had a decline of estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) > 30% mL/min/1.73 m2. Their median eGFR decline was − 26.3% [− 46.6;− 10.7].ConclusionPatients undergoing VA-ECMO had a high risk of AKI during the ICU stay. Factors associated with MAKE 360 were mainly eGFR at baseline, KDIGO stage at cannulation and, number of RBC packs received while under ECMO. Among survivors at 1 year, almost half of the alive patients (n = 20/51) had a decline eGFR > 30%.
Flexion First Balancer: description of new technique in TKA to reproduce joint line and pre-disease mechanical alignment
Authors: van Lieshout W. A. M. , Koenraadt K. L. M. , Elmans L. H. G. J. , van Geenen R. C. I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA considerable proportion of patients (19%) are dissatisfied after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Possible factors contributing to this dissatisfaction are decreased posterior condylar offset (PCO) with subsequent joint line elevation, leading to mid-flexion instability. Secondly, the pre-disease mechanical alignment is changed into a neutral alignment. The Flexion First Balancer was developed to avoid these problems. This technique aims to maintain MCL isometry by restoring medial PCO and medial joint line to its pre-disease level. Also, to reconstruct the pre-disease mechanical alignment by adjusting the distal femoral angle. In this study we provide a detailed technical overview of the Flexion First Balancer technique.
Inhibition of miR-19a-3p decreases cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting IGFBP3 in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Chai Zhaohui , Gong Jiangbiao , Zheng Peidong , Zheng Jiesheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Inflammation and apoptosis are considered to be two main factors affecting ischemic brain injury and the subsequent reperfusion damage. MiR-19a-3p has been reported to be a possible novel biomarker in ischemic stroke. However, the function and molecular mechanisms of miR-19a-3p remain unclear in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods
The I/R injury model was established in vivo by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats and in vitro by oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) induced SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of miR-19a-3p was determined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The infarction volumes, Neurological deficit scores, apoptosis, cell viability, pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis were evaluated using Longa score, Bederson score, TTC, TUNEL staining, CCK-8, ELISA, flow cytometry assays. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized to validate the target gene of miR-19a-3p.

Results
We first found miR-19a-3p was significantly up-regulated in rat I/R brain tissues and OGD/R induced SH-SY5Y cells. Using the in vivo and in vitro I/R injury model, we further demonstrated that miR-19a-3p inhibitor exerted protective role against injury to cerebral I/R, which was reflected by reduced infarct volume, improved neurological outcomes, increased cell viability, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, miR-19a-3p binds to 3′UTR region of IGFBP3 mRNA. Inhibition of miR-19a-3p caused the increased expression of IGFBP3 in OGD/R induced SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, we showed that IGFBP3 overexpression imitated, while knockdown reversed the protective effects of miR-19a-3p inhibitor against OGD/R-induced injury.

Conclusions
In summary, our findings showed miR-19a-3p regulated I/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis through targeting IGFBP3, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for cerebral I/R injury.
Porous-coated metaphyseal sleeves and MBT implant for severe bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty: a mean 2.4-year follow-up
Authors: Wu Yushun , Feng Eryou , Zhang Yiyuan , Lin Feitai , Lin Liqiong , Li Zhanglai , Xiao Lili 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Porous-coated metaphyseal sleeves are designed to fill bone loss and facilitate osseo-integration when bone loss occurs during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of porous-coated metaphyseal sleeves for severe bone loss in revision TKA.

Methods
Form December 2014 to March 2018, we retrospectively analyzed 36 patients receiving revision TKAs. They had Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) Type II and III tibial bone loss and were treated with metaphyseal sleeve. The patients were followed up for a mean time of 28.5 months. The Knee Society Score (KSS), the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score and the range of motion (ROM), radiographic findings of sleeve osteo-integration were also recorded. The paired t test was used to compare the KSS, the HSS knee score and VAS score before and after the revision TKAs. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Thirty-six patients had complete clinical and radiographic data. At the final follow-up (mean: 28.5 months), significant improvements in knee range of motion, KSS, HSS score and VAS score were observed postoperatively (P < 0.001 for all). No aseptic implant fixation failure occurred. Radiographic reviews at the final follow-up revealed that components were stable without occurrence of component migration or clinically significant osteolysis.

Conclusions
This short-term retrospective study illustrated that porous-coated metaphyseal sleeves were useful in revision TKA, with a low rate of intraoperative complications, excellent osteo-integration and stable fixation.
Clinical and Molecular Description of 16 Families With Heterozygous IHH Variants
Authors: Sentchordi-Montané Lucía , Benito-Sanz Sara , Aza-Carmona Miriam , Pereda Arrate , Parrón-Pajares Manuel , de la Torre Carolina , Vasques Gabriela A , Funari Mariana F A , Travessa André M , Dias Patrícia , Suarez-Ortega Larisa , González-Buitrago Jesús , Portillo-Najera Nancy Elizabeth , Llano-Rivas Isabel , Martín-Frías María , Ramírez-Fernández Joaquín , Sánchez del Pozo Jaime , Garzón-Lorenzo Lucía , Martos-Moreno Gabriel A , Alfaro-Iznaola Cristina , Mulero-Collantes Inés , Ruiz-Ocaña Pablo , Casano-Sancho Paula , Portela Ana , Ruiz-Pérez Lorea , del Pozo Angela , Vallespín Elena , Solís Mario , Lerario Antônio M , González-Casado Isabel , Ros-Pérez Purificación , Pérez de Nanclares Guiomar , Jorge Alexander A L , Heath Karen E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Context
Heterozygous variants in the Indian hedgehog gene (IHH) have been reported to cause brachydactyly type A1 and mild hand and feet skeletal anomalies with short stature. Genetic screening in individuals with short stature and mild skeletal anomalies has been increasing over recent years, allowing us to broaden the clinical spectrum of skeletal dysplasias.

Objective
The objective of this article is to describe the genotype and phenotype of 16 probands with heterozygous variants in IHH.

Patients and Methods
Targeted next-generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing was performed in patients with short stature and/or brachydactyly for which the genetic cause was unknown.

Results
Fifteen different heterozygous IHH variants were detected, one of which is the first reported complete deletion of IHH. None of the patients showed the classical phenotype of brachydactyly type A1. The most frequently observed clinical characteristics were mild to moderate short stature as well as shortening of the middle phalanx on the fifth finger. The identified IHH variants were demonstrated to cosegregate with the short stature and/or brachydactyly in the 13 probands whose family members were available. However, clinical heterogeneity was observed: Two short-statured probands showed no hand radiological anomalies, whereas another 5 were of normal height but had brachydactyly.

Conclusions
Short stature and/or mild skeletal hand defects can be caused by IHH variants. Defects in this gene should be considered in individuals with these findings, especially when there is an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Although no genotype-phenotype correlation was observed, cosegregation studies should be performed and where possible functional characterization before concluding that a variant is causative.
Sex Steroids as Regulators of Gestural Communication
Authors: Tobiansky Daniel J , Fuxjager Matthew J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gestural communication is ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom, occurring in species that range from humans to arthropods. Individuals produce gestural signals when their nervous system triggers the production of limb and body movement, which in turn functions to help mediate communication between or among individuals. Like many stereotyped motor patterns, the probability of a gestural display in a given social context can be modulated by sex steroid hormones. Here, we review how steroid hormones mediate the neural mechanisms that underly gestural communication in humans and nonhumans alike. This is a growing area of research, and thus we explore how sex steroids mediate brain areas involved in language production, social behavior, and motor performance. We also examine the way that sex steroids can regulate behavioral output by acting in the periphery via skeletal muscle. Altogether, we outline a new avenue of behavioral endocrinology research that aims to uncover the hormonal basis for one of the most common modes of communication among animals on Earth.
GDF15: A Hormone Conveying Somatic Distress to the Brain
Authors: Lockhart Samuel M , Saudek Vladimir , O’Rahilly Stephen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGDF15 has recently gained scientific and translational prominence with the discovery that its receptor is a GFRAL-RET heterodimer of which GFRAL is expressed solely in the hindbrain. Activation of this receptor results in reduced food intake and loss of body weight and is perceived and recalled by animals as aversive. This information encourages a revised interpretation of the large body of previous research on the protein. GDF15 can be secreted by a wide variety of cell types in response to a broad range of stressors. We propose that central sensing of GDF15 via GFRAL-RET activation results in behaviors that facilitate the reduction of exposure to a noxious stimulus. The human trophoblast appears to have hijacked this signal, producing large amounts of GDF15 from early pregnancy. We speculate that this encourages avoidance of potential teratogens in pregnancy. Circulating GDF15 levels are elevated in a range of human disease states, including various forms of cachexia, and GDF15-GFRAL antagonism is emerging as a therapeutic strategy for anorexia/cachexia syndromes. Metformin elevates circulating GDF15 chronically in humans and the weight loss caused by this drug appears to be dependent on the rise in GDF15. This supports the concept that chronic activation of the GDF15-GFRAL axis has efficacy as an antiobesity agent. In this review, we examine the science of GDF15 since its identification in 1997 with our interpretation of this body of work now being assisted by a clear understanding of its highly selective central site of action.
The effect of suture selection in complex anal fistulas on the success of cutting seton placement and patient comfort
Authors: Akıcı Murat , Erşen Ogün 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the success rates of suture selection, recovery times and pain associated with local wound infection and seton placement in patients undergoing cutting seton placement for complex anal fistula.
Methods: The study included a total of 90 patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of complex anal fistula between January 2015 and July 2018.
Results: The first session and other revision appointments demonstrated that the number of patients who required fistulotomy was significantly higher in group-1 as the seton failed to complete the transection (p = 0.001). When the patients were asked to rate pain for 3 different conditions according to numeric rating scale (NRS), the patients in group-2 had significantly higher pain in all 3 cases compared to the patients in group-1 (p = 0.001). The impact of the suture material on local infection was examined and it was determined that the results of cultures for seton material were significantly more positive in group-1 (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: We conclude that a multi-stage tight seton placement with silk material can lead to satisfactory results by aiming to shorten the cutting time of silk seton.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1920
How to cite this:Akici M, Ersen O. The effect of suture selection in complex anal fistulas on the success of cutting seton placement and patient comfort. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):816-820. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1920
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Physical functioning limitations and physical activity of people experiencing homelessness: A scoping review
Authors: Kiernan Sinéad , Mockler David , Ní Cheallaigh Clíona , Broderick Julie 
Published: April 2020

Background: Adults who are experiencing homelessness suffer higher levels of premature mortality and age-related medical conditions compared to the general population, but little is known about physical factors that influence their health experience. This review aimed to evaluate what is known about physical functional limitations and physical activity levels, and how these constructs are measured in adults experiencing homelessness. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for scoping reviews. Suitable quantitative and qualitative articles were searched using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings and a grey literature search was also performed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were studies that examined physical functional limitations and/or physical activity among homeless adults (with/without co-occurring mental illness, infectious disease, substance use disorder), as a primary or secondary outcome measure. Results: We identified 15 studies for inclusion including 2,018 participants. Studies were primarily quantitative (n=11) and there were 4 qualitative studies. The following physical focused measures were evaluated across studies; mobility levels (n=2), frailty (n=1), flexibility (n=2), strength (n=1), physical symptom burden (n=3), physical activity levels (n=6) and exercise capacity (n=3). The majority of studies reported high levels of functional limitations among participants and low physical activity levels although a spectrum of abilities was noted. Conclusion: This review showed that many adults who are homeless appear to show a high burden of physical functional limitations and low physical activity levels but more objective and consistent measures should be applied to examine these factors in future studies. This will help address and plan future care, physical rehabilitation and housing needs for this vulnerable cohort. This scoping review will help direct research and future systematic reviews in this emerging area.
Basket-work, well-being and recovery: The story from Scotland
Authors: Bunn Stephanie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between craft and well-being through a close examination of the relationship between craftwork, specifically basketry, and cognition. The author argues that the exploratory, gestural and embodied skills manifest in basketry-in-action enhance creative thinking and spatial understanding of a person's environment. This enhanced understanding arises through the physical and neurological developments which grow during becoming skilful. This attribute of crafts such as basketwork to enhance cognition is equally valuable for people with memory loss, and also for those who have experience acquired bran injury or stroke. Here, new learning can both provide resonance with former skills, and also enable new neural pathways to become established, often enabling a degree of recovery to take place.
A grounded theory approach to studying craft: The serious work and leisure of knitting
Authors: Court Kate 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The primary aim of this article is to exemplify and evaluate the application of a grounded theory approach to studying craft participants, including the introduction of social theory in the analysis process. This is done by describing a qualitative research project that explored why women today knit. An increased interest in knitting and other crafts has been noted, particularly amongst women participants. The article sets out how a grounded theory approach was employed to offer new ways to understand this topic. The secondary aim of this article is to share the findings of this research. It is suggested that what participants said about their relationship with knitting could be understood in terms of Stebbins' notions of creating routines for engaging in this leisure activity, fulfilling a sense of obligation to undertake the activity, and a sense of pride and autonomy. This helped frame knitting as an activity that requires hard work and perseverance but results in fulfilment. Furthermore, it was found that knitting deviates from Stebbins' conception of serious leisure activities as the categories of hobbyists, amateurs and professionals may need reworking, given that knitters (classed by Stebbins' as hobbyists without professional counterparts) are partly professionalized and therefore seem more appropriately classed as amateurs.
Mattering and making ethics: On craft, embodiment and vulnerable materialities
Authors: Gilmour Ruth Elvira 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Unearthing the development of my craft practice and my physicality, this critical self-portrait exposes my embodied experiences, material processes and the humanistic and scientific research entangled within my artistic investigations. By examining linkages between body, material and language, my practice concerns itself with vulnerability and the interrelations of the self and other. Initially using porcelain to explore ecocritical matters, the responsive material soon revealed potential for personal and physiological abstraction; exposing this journey, I later develop correlations with silk. Throughout this article I explain how close material relationships open space for the training and moulding of my body, ethically and for reasons of recovery and resistance.