bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncontrolled trial of specialized, multi‐component care for individuals with first‐episode psychosis: Effects on motivation orientations
Authors: Breitborde Nicholas J. K. , Pine Jacob G. , Moe Aubrey M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimDeficits in motivation are present early in the course of psychotic disorders. However, growing data have highlighted important heterogeneity in motivation among individuals with psychosis, suggesting that this variable may not be a unitary concept. Outside of the psychosis literature, research on self‐determination theory has identified three motivational orientations that guide the initiation and regulation of behaviour: autonomous, controlled and impersonal. Thus, our study goal is to investigate the longitudinal course of motivational orientations among individuals participating in a specialized clinical service for individuals with first‐episode psychosis (ie, coordinated specialty care: CSC).MethodsForty‐one individuals with first‐episode psychosis participating in CSC completed assessments of motivation orientations at enrolment and after 6 months of care.ResultsWhereas there were no changes in controlled or impersonal orientations over the first 6‐months of care, individuals with first‐episode psychosis reported an increase in autonomous orientations. Moreover, while individuals with first‐episode psychosis reported lower autonomous orientations at enrolment as compared to individuals without psychosis, after 6 months of care, ratings of autonomous orientations among individuals with first‐episode psychosis were equivalent to those of individuals without psychosis.ConclusionsAlthough the results should be interpreted cautiously given the uncontrolled study design, the results suggest that the benefits of participation in early intervention services for psychosis may extend to improvements in motivation.
Effects of traumatic life events, cognitive biases and variation in dopaminergic genes on psychosis proneness
Authors: Kotowicz Kamila , Frydecka Dorota , Gawęda Łukasz , Prochwicz Katarzyna , Kłosowska Joanna , Rymaszewska Joanna , Samochowiec Agnieszka , Samochowiec Jerzy , Szczygieł Krzysztof , Pawlak‐Adamska Edyta , Szmida Elżbieta , Cechnicki Andrzej , Misiak Błażej 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsRecent studies have provided evidence that interactions between variation in dopaminergic genes and stressful experiences might impact risk of psychosis. However, it remains unknown whether these interactions impact the development of subclinical symptoms, including psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs). In this study, we aimed to test the effects of interactions between variation in dopaminergic genes and traumatic life events (TLEs) on a severity of PLEs.MethodsWe assessed TLEs, cognitive biases, PLEs as well as the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 and the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) rs6277 gene polymorphisms in 445 university students at three urban areas.ResultsThere was a significant effect of the interaction between the COMT rs4680 and a history of any type of TLEs on a severity of PLEs. Among the COMT rs4680 Met allele carriers, a severity of PLEs was higher in individuals with a history of any type of TLEs. Further stratification of the sample revealed that this effect appears only in the group of participants with a high level of cognitive biases. The DRD2 rs6277 C allele was independently associated with a higher level of PLEs.ConclusionsOur results indicate that decreased dopamine catabolism related to the COMT gene polymorphism might increase psychosis proneness in individuals with a history of TLEs and high levels of cognitive biases. Variation in the DRD2 gene might exert independent effects on psychosis proneness. These findings imply that there are various levels of complexity in the models of interactions between genetic and environmental factors explaining the mechanisms underlying psychosis proneness.
Cyclic nucleotides, gut physiology and inflammation
Authors: Prasad Hari , Shenoy Avinash Ravindranath , Visweswariah Sandhya Srikant 
Published: December 2019

Misregulation of gut function and homeostasis impinges on the overall well‐being of the entire organism. Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age, and globally, 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhea are reported every year. Accompanying diarrheal episodes are a number of secondary effects in gut physiology and structure, such as erosion of the mucosal barrier that lines the gut, facilitating further inflammation of the gut in response to the normal microbiome. Here, we focus on pathogenic bacteria‐mediated diarrhea, emphasizing the role of cyclic adenosine 3',5'‐monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate in driving signaling outputs that result in the secretion of water and ions from the epithelial cells of the gut. We also speculate on how this aberrant efflux and influx of ions could modulate inflammasome signaling, and therefore cell survival and maintenance of gut architecture and function.
Big data analytics in health: an overview and bibliometric study of research activity
Authors: Galetsi Panagiota , Katsaliaki Korina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe study presents an overview of the research activity in Big Data Analytics (BDA) in the field of health and demonstrates the existing knowledge through related examples. The objective is to inform health librarians about the nature and magnitude of the technological innovations in health information analysis tools, its influence, and where and how further material could be searched.MethodsWe performed a bibliometric and co‐citation analysis within a total of 804 papers published between 2000 and 2016 and retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Using the NVivo text analysis software, we identified the stakeholders of BDA in health and innovative decision support systems in the field.ResultsOur findings show a tremendous increase in published papers after 2014. Most of them are relevant to neurology and medical oncology. The stakeholders are clinicians, researchers, patients, administrators, IT specialists, vendors and policymakers. New BDA tools in medicine are mostly developed for disease monitoring purposes while they utilise visualisation to identify disease patterns and statistical analysis of past data for making predictions.ConclusionsHealth analytics provide a unique opportunity for advancing health information research and medical decision making. It provides health information professionals with new tools in problem‐solving offering new perspectives in prognosis and diagnosis of diseases.
What happens to global health research: analysis of the full‐length publication rates of research abstracts presented at two major global health conferences
Authors: Rajaguru Praveen P. , Premkumar Ajay , Sheth Neil P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlobal health research has been expanding rapidly. The Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) and Global Health and Innovation Conference (GHIC) are the two major conferences for global health research. It is unclear how much of the presented research goes on to full‐length publication.ObjectivesThis study sought to determine publication rates and journals of CUGH and GHIC research.MethodsA total of 1449 abstracts from CUGH and GHIC from 2014 to 2015 were searched by title, author and keywords using Google Scholar and PubMed. Publications were categorised according to WHO Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) categories.ResultsResearch was published in 293 journals at a rate of 34.0%, within an average of 15.1 months. The 15 MEDLINE indexed global health journals accounted for just 5.5% of publications.DiscussionDespite growth in global health research, publication rates from the two major conferences are low. The majority of publications in journals are not MEDLINE indexed global health journals. Improved publication and consolidation of global health research is critical.ConclusionGlobal health conference publication rates are low. Effective dissemination is critical as the field grows. This may require increased publishing support, improved indexing and consolidation of global health research.
Age‐ and gender‐related reference ranges for thromboelastography from a healthy Indian population
Authors: Ahammad Javed , Kurien Annamma , Shastry Shamee , Shah Hitesh H. , Nayak Dinesh , Kamath Asha , Badagabettu Sulochana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThromboelastography (TEG) is a whole blood clotting assay largely used in major surgeries and trauma to monitor patients' in vivo hemostatic status. Standardization of kaolin‐activated citrated whole blood thromboelastography is not done in the Indian population. This study primarily aims to derive reference ranges of kaolin‐activated TEG for healthy volunteers in the Indian population. Secondarily, it aims to study the age‐ and gender‐related hemostatic changes in the study population.MethodsA total of 120 healthy volunteers were enrolled (55 adult males, 32 adult females, and 33 children). The volunteers were interviewed for any bleeding history or drug intake which affects coagulation. Kaolin‐activated TEG was performed on citrated whole blood, and parameters including R‐time, K‐time, angle, MA, LY30, and CI were analyzed.ResultsDerived reference range for total volunteers irrespective of age and sex were as follows: R‐time: 3.8‐10.6, K‐time: 1.2‐3.1, angle: 44.9‐72.0, MA: 41.2‐64.5, LY30: 0‐9.9, and CI: −3.7 to 3.4. Statistically significant difference was observed in different age and sex groups for R‐time, K‐time, and angle. About 40% of the volunteers had at least one abnormal parameter according to the manufacturer's reference range which decreased to 12.5% when the derived reference ranges were considered.ConclusionGender‐ and age‐related variances were observed in reference ranges of our population and which was also differed from the other ethnic population. Many of our healthy volunteers were categorized as coagulopathic when manufacturer's reference range was considered. So, it is important to derive the reference range of the target population before using the TEG into clinical practice.
Crystal structure, phonon modes, and bond characteristics of AgPb2B2V3O12 (B = Mg, Zn) microwave ceramics
Authors: Madhuri Rakhi , Ganesanpotti Subodh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAgPb2B2V3O12 (B = Mg, Zn) ceramics with low sintering temperature were synthesized via the conventional solid‐state reaction route. Rietveld refinements of the X‐ray diffraction patterns confirm cubic symmetry with space group . The number of observed vibrational modes and those predicted by group theoretical calculations also confirm the space group. At the optimum sintering temperature of 750°C/4 hours, AgPb2Mg2V3O12 has a relative permittivity of 23.3 ± 0.2, unloaded quality factor () of 26 900 ± 500 GHz (), and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of 19.3 ± 1 ppm/°C, while AgPb2Zn2V3O12 has the corresponding values of 26.4 ± 0.2, 28 400 ± 500 GHz () and –18.4 ± 1 ppm/°C at 590°C/4 hours. Microwave dielectric properties of a few reported garnets and Pb2AgB2V3O12 (B = Mg, Zn) ceramics were correlated with their intrinsic characteristics such as the Raman shifts as well as width of A1g Raman bands. Higher quality factor was obtained for lower full width at half‐maxima (FWHMs) values of A1g modes. The increase in B‐site bond valence contributes to high and low |τf| with the substitution of Zn2+ by Mg2+. Furthermore, the high ionic polarizability and unit cell volume with Zn2+substitution contribute to increased relative permittivity.
Unveiling the food webs of tetrapods across Europe through the prism of the Eltonian niche
Authors: O’Connor Louise M. J. , Pollock Laura J. , Braga João , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Maiorano Luigi , Martinez‐Almoyna Camille , Montemaggiori Alessandro , Ohlmann Marc , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimDespite recent calls for integrating interaction networks into the study of large‐scale biodiversity patterns, we still lack a basic understanding of the functional characteristics of large interaction networks and how they are structured across environments. Here, building on recent advances in network science around the Eltonian niche concept, we aim to characterize the trophic groups in a large food web, and understand how these trophic groups vary across space.LocationEurope and Anatolia.TaxonTetrapods (1,136 species).MethodsWe combined an expert‐based metaweb of all European tetrapods with their spatial distributions and biological traits. To understand the functional structure of the metaweb, we first used a stochastic block model to group species with similar Eltonian niches, and then analysed these groups with species’ functional traits and network metrics. We then combined these groups with species distributions to understand how trophic diversity varies across space, in function of the environment, and between the European ecoregions.ResultsWe summarized the 1,136 interacting species within the metaweb into 46 meaningful trophic groups of species with a similar role in the metaweb. Specific aspects of the ecology of species, such as their activity time, nesting habitat and diet explained these trophic groups. Across space, trophic diversity was driven by both biotic and abiotic factors (species richness, climate and primary productivity), and the representation of trophic groups differed among European ecoregions.Main conclusionsWe have characterized the Eltonian niche of species in a large food web, both in terms of species interactions and functional traits, and then used this to understand the spatial variation of food webs at a functional level, thus bringing together network science, functional ecology and biogeography. Our results highlight the need to integrate multiple aspects of species ecology in global change research. Further, our approach is strongly relevant for conservation biology as it could help predict the impact of species translocations on trophic diversity.
Subgingival instrumentation for treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review
Authors: Suvan Jeanie , Leira Yago , Moreno Sancho Federico Manuel , Graziani Filippo , Derks Jan , Tomasi Cristiano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of subgingival instrumentation (PICOS‐1), sonic/ultrasonic/hand instruments (PICOS‐2) and different subgingival instrumentation delivery protocols (PICOS‐3) to treat periodontitis.MethodsSystematic electronic search (CENTRAL/MEDLINE/EMBASE/SCOPUS/LILACS) to March 2019 was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) reporting on subgingival instrumentation. Duplicate screening and data extraction were performed to formulate evidence tables and meta‐analysis as appropriate.ResultsAs only one RCT addressed the efficacy of subgingival instrumentation compared with supragingival cleaning alone (PICOS‐1), baseline and final measures from 9 studies were considered. The weighted pocket depth (PD) reduction was 1.4 mm (95%CI: 1.0 1.7) at 6/8 months, and the proportion of pocket closure was estimated at 74% (95%CI: 64–85). Six RCTs compared hand and sonic/ultrasonic instruments for subgingival instrumentation (PICOS‐2). No significant differences were observed between groups by follow‐up time point or category of initial PD. Thirteen RCTs evaluated quadrant‐wise versus full‐mouth approaches (PICOS‐3). No significant differences were observed between groups irrespective of time‐points or initial PD. Five studies reported patient‐reported outcomes, reporting no differences between groups.ConclusionsNonsurgical periodontal therapy by mechanical subgingival instrumentation is an efficacious means to achieve infection control in periodontitis patients irrespective of the type of instrument or mode of delivery. Prospero ID: CRD42019124887.
Gray Matter Regions Associated With Functional Mobility in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: DiSalvio Nikki L. , Rosano Caterina , Aizenstein Howard J. , Redfern Mark S. , Furman Joseph M. , Jennings J. Richard , Whitney Susan L. , Sparto Patrick J. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESNeuroimaging indicators of reduced brain health in the form of lower gray matter volume (GMV), lower fractional anisotropy (FA), and higher white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) have been related to global mobility measures, such as gait speed, in older adults. The purpose was to identify associations between brain regions and specific mobility functions to provide a greater understanding of the contribution of the central nervous system to independent living.DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGResearch laboratory.PARTICIPANTSSeventy community‐ambulating healthy older adults (mean age = 76 ± 5 years).MEASUREMENTSParticipants performed the following tests: gait speed, Five Times Sit to Stand, Four Square Step Test (FSST), and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). Structural magnetic resonance imaging of each participantʼs brain was collected. Measures of regional GMV, tract‐specific WMHV, and FA were extracted. Correlational analyses between the mobility measures and neuroimaging measures were conducted using whole brain and regional and tract‐specific measures. This was followed by linear regression models relating the mobility measures to regions or tracts identified in the correlation analysis, and adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index.RESULTSSignificant associations were found between higher GMV in multiple regions, primarily the parietal and temporal lobes, and better performance in gait speed, DGI, and FSST. After adjusting for personal factors, greater parahippocampus GMV was independently associated with greater gait speed. Greater inferior parietal lobe, supramarginal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus GMVs were associated with gait function. Greater postcentral gyrus, parahippocampus, and superior temporal gyrus GMVs were associated with faster FSST performance. The WMHV and FA were not significantly correlated with the mobility measures.CONCLUSIONSGray matter regions associated with higher performance in mobility measures serving gait function and multidirectional stepping were those structures related to vestibular sensation, spatial navigation, and somatosensation.J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1023–1028, 2020
Exploring the relationship between nursing identity and advanced nursing practice: An ethnographic study
Authors: Anderson Helen , Birks Yvonne , Adamson Joy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo consider the relationship between professional nursing identity and advanced practice by exploring intra‐professional relationships between advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) and nursing colleagues.BackgroundAdvanced nursing practice continues to develop internationally. Previous studies suggest advanced practice may lack support within nursing, which may lead to underutilisation, retention and patient safety issues. However, the relationship between the wider nursing profession and advanced practice is poorly understood and the theory that professional identity creates cultural barriers to advanced practice has received little empirical attention.DesignEthnographic methodology was used.MethodsFieldwork methods were participant observation and semi‐structured interviews. Participants were ANPs (n = 9) and nursing colleagues (n = 5) across two primary care general practice organisations. Data were analysed thematically using framework analysis, underpinned a priori by professional identity theories. Reporting was guided by COREQ.ResultsThree themes were identified which indicated how intra‐professional relationships were conducted: Conciliating Nursing, where ANPs took responsibility for developing positive relationships with other nurses; Vertical Discounting, where nursing colleagues were dismissive and undermined ANPs, who themselves behaved similarly towards other nurses; and Lateral Othering, where ANPs undermined other ANPs. Vertical Discounting and Lateral Othering destabilised advanced practice.ConclusionIntra‐professional relationships, and the broader nursing profession, shape advanced practice. We theorise this is underpinned by threats to professional identity, while weak professional identity amongst even established advanced practitioners exacerbates lack of support. Highlighting these issues allows space to develop alternative strategies to negotiate intra‐professional relationships, informed by professional identity theories, which support rather than inhibit advanced practice.Relevance to clinical practiceAs advanced practice expands throughout primary and secondary care, and across allied health professions, the impact of professional identity and relationships on health care will likely increase and the importance of strong advanced practice identity will become increasingly relevant.
A 3D‐Printed Guide to Assist in Sinus Slot Preparation for the Optimization of Zygomatic Implant Axis Trajectory
Authors: Wang Christina I. , Cho Seok‐Hwan , Cho David , Ducote Colten , Reddy Likith V. , Sinada Naif 
Published: December 2019

AbstractZygomatic implants have become a predictable treatment modality for the rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla. Due to differing anatomic variations, proximity to vital anatomic structures and limited intraoperative visibility, the placement of zygomatic implants can be a difficult task; compromised implant positioning may ultimately lead to postoperative surgical and prosthetic complications. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate a technique that allows for the transfer of the sinus slot position. Ultimately, this optimizes zygomatic implant axis trajectory from preoperative prosthetic planning by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3‐dimensional (3D) planning software to fabricate a stereolithographic 3D‐printed surgical guide.
Substitution of leguminous forage for oat hay improves nitrogen utilization efficiency of crossbred Simmental calves
Authors: Du Wuchen , Hou Fujiang , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Kobayashi Nobuyuki , Peng Fei , Ichinohe Toshiyoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLow nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency (NUE, the ratio of retained N to N intake [NI]) of ruminants is always a potential dietary protein wastage as well as a global environmental problem, and dietary N manipulation is the most effective way to improve NUE. We conducted 2 experiments to investigate the effects of replacing oat hay by leguminous forages (alfalfa hay [AH] in experiment [Exp] 1 and common vetch hay [CVH] in Exp 2) with 4 levels (0%, 8%, 16% or 24% AH and 0%, 10%, 20% or 30% CVH on dry matter [DM] basis) at the same crude protein (135 g/kg DM) and metabolizable energy (10.1 MJ/kg DM) on feed intake, N metabolism, NUE and blood composition of crossbred Simmental calves. Sixteen calves of each Exp were assigned to the four diets in a randomized block design. Faecal N (FN) output and the ratio of FN to NI increased with increasing AH/CVH proportions, whereas urinary N (UN) output, the ratio of UN to NI, and the ruminal ammonia N concentration gradually decreased in both experiments. Nutrient digestibility (DM, organic matter [OM] and neutral detergent fibre [NDF]) of calves showed a parabolic trend with gradually increasing AH/CVH proportions. The highest values of nutrient digestibility (DM, OM and NDF) of calves were observed in 16% AH in Exp 1 and 20% CVH in Exp 2. Our findings suggest that 16% and 20% substitution (as a percentage of the total DM allowance) of AH and CVH, respectively, for oat hay are optimal diets to improve NUE and reduce the potential impact of N excretion from livestock farming on the environment through shifting routes of N from urine to faeces without negative effects on live weight gain and nutrient digestibility of crossbred Simmental calves in dryland environments.