bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence as evidence
Authors: Dammel Antje 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In simple noun phrases, the generalization of
definiteness marking to all kinds of head nouns was well-advanced by
the Early New High German period (ENHG). In conjoined noun phrases,
however, coordination ellipsis of determiners was common and subject
to fewer restrictions than in Modern Standard German (MSG). A corpus
analysis reveals a there-and-back change in the
frequency of coordination ellipsis within ENHG and early NHG and a
substantial structural change in its conditioning towards MSG. The
semantic and pragmatic regularities favouring coordination ellipsis
across diverging grammatical features in (E)NHG can be described in
terms of natural coordination (the probability of concepts to
co-occur). Towards MSG, formal constraints on morphosyntactic
feature combinations (gender, number) prevail. A possible
explanation combines internal and external factors:
grammaticalization and codification. Methodologically, it turns out
fruitful to regard not only the spread of a new gram, but also
constructions favouring its absence.
Die Capital – der Astra – das Adler
Authors: Nübling Damaris 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
German proper names can be divided into two large
classes, i.e. one with and one without an obligatory definite
article. It will be shown that this article is part of a classifier
system, which provides semantic information about the referent.
Furthermore, the inherited three-gender system in combination with
the presence or absence of the article is used to create a new
system of six proper name classes. This paper deals with a
diachronic change where so-called junk is transferred into a new
classifier system arguing for a case of exaptation with respect to
the article and for a case of degrammaticalization with respect to
gender. This development towards a classifier system has occurred
rather recently. Its consolidation can be observed in Present-Day
German and creates a high amount of variation.
Effects of electrical properties on vibrations via electromechanical coupling in triboelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Fu Yiqiang , Ouyang Huajiang , Davis R Benjamin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Vibration energy harvesting has been a popular research topic in recent years and is a promising technology in the development of the Internet of Things. Triboelectric energy harvesting, as a relatively new energy harvesting technique, is drawing attention. However, relevant studies from the perspective of structural dynamics are rare, and a study on how the electrical properties of triboelectric energy harvesters (TEHs) affect their vibration is still missing. In this paper, we perform such a study for TEHs that use the two most common working modes—namely the lateral sliding mode and the vertical contact-separation mode. In the first part of the paper, the coupled electromechanical model of a sliding mode TEH—based on a cantilever beam system involving friction—is established. The effects of the tribo-charge surface density and the load resistance on the vibration of the harvester are investigated. It is found that the effects of the tribo-charge surface density on vibrations are similar to those of mechanical damping, while the load resistance can result in an interesting resistive shunt damping phenomenon which is distinct from the one found in piezoelectric energy harvesters. In the second part, the modelling of a vertical contact-separation mode TEH is established based on a single-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact oscillator, and the effects of the same electrical properties on vibrations are studied. The variation of the tribo-charge surface density can result in both vibration amplitude attenuation and resonance frequency shifting, while the change of the load resistance can influence vibrations only in the case of large tribo-charge surface densities. This study further unveils the electromechanical coupling mechanisms in TEHs and sheds some light on achieving desirable dynamic responses of TEHs via tuning their electrical properties.
105Pd NMR and NQR study of the cubic heavy fermion system Ce3Pd20Si6
Authors: Jakovac I , Horvatić M , Schwier E F , Prokofiev A , Paschen S , Mitamura H , Sakakibara T , Grbić M S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report 105Pd nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR) measurements on a single crystal of Ce3Pd20Si6, where antiferroquadrupolar and antiferromagnetic orders develop at low temperature. From the analysis of NQR and NMR spectra, we have determined the electric field gradient (EFG) tensors and the anisotropic Knight shift (K) components for both inequivalent Pd sites—Pd(32f) and Pd(48h). The observed EFG values are in excellent agreement with our state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations. The principal values of the quadrupolar coupling are

MHz and

MHz, for the Pd(32f) and Pd(48h) sites, respectively, which is large compared to the Larmor frequency defined by the gyromagnetic constant

MHz/T for 105Pd. Therefore, the complete knowledge of K and the EFG tensors is crucial to establish the correspondence between NMR spectra and crystallographic sites, which is needed for a complete analysis of the magnetic structure, static spin susceptibility, and the spin-lattice relaxation rate data and a better understanding of the groundstate of Ce3Pd20Si6.
Rare-earth thin films and superlattices
Authors: Goff J P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper reviews neutron and x-ray diffraction studies of the magnetism of rare-earth thin films and superlattices grown using the LaMBE Facility in Oxford. Epitaxial strain is found to change the magnetic ordering and surface effects are shown to alter the critical exponents for phase transitions. The magnetic coherence across spacer layers is found to depend on the band structure of the superlattice as a whole, and the conduction-electron spin-density wave responsible for interlayer magnetic coupling is measured directly.
Inhomogeneous field calibration of a magneto-optical indicator film device
Authors: Gerken Manuela , Sievers Sibylle , Schumacher Hans Werner 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A concept for the traceable calibration of magneto-optical indicator film (MOIF) based magnetic field imaging devices is presented and discussed for the example of a commercial MOIF device with a 60 × 45 mm2 sensor. The calibration facilitates a quantitative and fast characterization of magnetic microstructures combining relatively high spatial resolution with large imaging areas. The macroscopic calibration is performed using the homogeneous magnetic stray field of a pre-characterized electromagnet with a large pole shoe diameter of 250 mm. However, this calibration alone cannot yet account for the vectorial and spatially fast decaying stray fields of magnetic microstructures. For that, a forward simulation approach is pursued, based on the temperature-dependent magnetic parameters of the MOIF material as resulting from superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance measurements. This is complemented by a transfer function-based approach to correct the impact of the sensor thickness and in-plane stray field components. The validity of the combined calibration and simulation approach is proven by means of a quantitative characterization of a magnetic scale. For the commercial MOIF device a 28.4 µm spatial resolution and 1.18 mT field resolution is achieved. The calibration is validated by a comparison to scanning Hall probe microscopy results. Furthermore, the uncertainty budget is discussed.
A filtering approach for PET and PG predictions in a proton treatment planning system
Authors: Pinto M , Kröniger K , Bauer J , Nilsson R , Traneus E , Parodi K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and prompt gamma (PG) detection are promising proton therapy monitoring modalities. Fast calculation of the expected distributions is desirable for comparison to measurements and to develop/train algorithms for automatic treatment error detection. A filtering formalism was used for positron-emitter predictions and adapted to allow for its use for the beamline of any proton therapy centre. A novel approach based on a filtering formalism was developed for the prediction of energy-resolved PG distributions for arbitrary tissues. The method estimates PG yields and their energy spectra in the entire treatment field. Both approaches were implemented in a research version of the RayStation treatment planning system. The method was validated against PET monitoring data and Monte Carlo simulations for four patients treated with scanned proton beams. Longitudinal shifts between profiles from analytical and Monte Carlo calculations were within -1.7 and 0.9 mm, with maximum standard deviation of 0.9 mm and 1.1 mm, for positron-emitters and PG shifts, respectively. Normalized mean absolute errors were within 1.2 and 5.3%. When comparing measured and predicted PET data, the same more complex case yielded an average shift of 3 mm, while all other cases were below absolute average shifts of 1.1 mm. Normalized mean absolute errors were below 7.2% for all cases. A novel solution to predict positron-emitter and PG distributions in a treatment planning system is proposed, enabling calculation times of only a few seconds to minutes for entire patient cases, which is suitable for integration in daily clinical routine.
Foreign demand for agricultural commodities drives virtual carbon exports from Cambodia
Authors: Johansson Emma , Olin Stefan , Seaquist Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rapid deforestation is a major sustainability challenge, partly as the loss of carbon sinks exacerbates global climate change. In Cambodia, more than 13% of the total land area has been contracted out to foreign and domestic agribusinesses in the form of economic land concessions, causing rapid large-scale land use change and deforestation. Additionally, the distant drivers of local and global environmental change often remain invisible. Here, we identify hotspots of carbon loss between 1987–2017 using the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS and by comparing past and present land use and land cover. We also link global consumption and production patterns to their environmental effects in Cambodia by mapping the countries to which land-use embedded carbon are exported. We find that natural forests have decreased from 54%–21% between 1987 and 2017, mainly for the expansion of farmland and orchards, translating into 300 million tons of carbon lost, with loss rates over twice as high within economic land concessions. China is the largest importer of embedded carbon, mainly for rubber and sugarcane from Chinese agribusinesses. Cambodian investors have also negatively affected carbon pools through export-oriented products like rubber. The combined understanding of environmental change and trade flows makes it possible to identify distant drivers of deforestation, which is important for crafting more environmentally and socially responsible policies on national and transnational scales.
Study on Over-erosion in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of PCD Composite
Authors: Gao Changshui , Qiu Yi , Liu Zhuang , Wang Sheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper has investigated the mechanism of over-erosion in WEDM of PCD composite. The result reveals that the over-erosion phenomenon cannot be avoided in the WEDM of PCD composite during fabrication of micro cutter. The reason of that is due to the different erosion rate of different elements in the composite. The discharge voltage, single-pulse energy and machining gap have influences on the size of over-erosion groove. A set of optimal parameters for minimum erosion groove were obtained through experiments.
Electrochemical Jet Machining of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composite using Electrolyte of Sodium Chloride
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Guo Chao , Qiu Yi , Gao Changshui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper investigated electrochemical jet machining of high volume fraction SiCp/Al using NaCl electrolyte. The mechanism of material removal has been discussed according to electrochemical theory and properties of the material. Experimental results show that the entrance diameter of machined holes is almost 3-4 times larger than jet diameter at present conditions. Compared with 2mm gap distance, machining with 5mm gap didn’t show advantages on machining localization.
Flavor Analysis of Mrps Made from Different Enzymolysis Products Based on Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue
Authors: Fan Xiaopan , Ding Li , Liu Hua , Liu Yiming , Liu Jianbo , Ma Lizhen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The effects of different enzymatic hydrolysis methods on the odor and taste of the Maillard reaction products of minced beef-bone protein were studied. Electronic nose and electronic tongue were applied to analyze the volatile substances and taste components. The results indicated that the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) had improved organoleptic and meaty characteristics, especially that of Pf and DE groups. Moreover, DE is the most potential treatment for producting meat flavor as it consume less energy source and improves production efficiency.
Opioid Spread Based on CA-ABM Model
Authors: Ji Tao , Zhou Xuehu , Lu Qianqian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Issue with opioid always arouses social attention. To deal with the opioid crisis in east America, this paper constructs Cellular Automata-Agent Based Model (CA-ABM) model to analyze the opioid spread of five states and succeed in assessing the present situation along with estimating the future situation. Besides, a strategy has been set up to control the opioid spread. To be specific, with data, this paper summarizes the distribution of two kinds of opioid from year 2010 to 2017, and then establishes a CA-ABM model considering history, neighboring and socio-economic factors to predict the opioid spread next year with highly accuracy. It vividly shows the opioid spread through years. Having a general idea of the spread of opioid, this paper comes up with strategies to ease the opioid crisis, succeeding in offering guidance for those five states.
Detection and Identification the Human Surface Electromyogra Signal
Authors: Yang Guobiao , Sun Zhenyuan , Wang Zhao , Sun Gangdong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The pre-amplifier circuit in this design uses the INA 128. In order to make the collected signal more authentic and eliminate the influence of the interference signal, a 50Hz industrial sink-wave circuit and a band pass filter circuit are designed in the subsequent circuit. And then, a secondary amplification was also used to make the A/D chip work smoothly. The designed circuit was simulated by Multisim test. The results obtained fully meet the expected requirements. Finally, the hardware circuit is built, and the real-time acquisition of electromyogram signal is realized. Based on the above equipment, time domain and frequency domain analysis of the collected electromyogram signal are carried out. The obtained test results conform to the general spectrum characteristics of the electromyogram signal, the frequency range is mainly concentrated at 0Hz -500 Hz, and the amplitude is relatively high in the range of 50Hz -200 Hz. The experimental results show that the relationship between the amplitude of the force stimulus and the amplitude of the electromyogram signal is positive, which verifies the accuracy of the test system design.
Analysis on Balance Improvement of Cross Grate Cooler Assembly Production Line Based on MOD Method
Authors: Guo Yue , Feng Xiwen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Based on the principle of production line balance and TOC theory, the problems of low production balance rate and long product delivery time of assembly line are solved based on MOD method. Mainly uses the TOC theory to carry on the analysis to the bottleneck process, carries on the standardization improvement to the bottleneck process through the MOD method; Find out the non-standard and unnecessary actions, and use the action economic principle to improve these non-standard actions to make them standardized and standardized. After improvement, the balance rate of the production line was increased from 30.9% to 38.7%.
Research on the Development of New Technologies Based on New Magnetic Material Technology Entrepreneurship
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
New materials, especially those related to magnetic materials, face the contradiction between the company’s own scale and central tasks. It is necessary to formulate reasonable product research and development measures and overall corporate strategy to ensure that enterprises can smoothly pass this high risk and high. The period of growth. Based on the main business of magnetic materials companies and the related characteristics of magnetic materials, this paper analyses the special characteristics of the new magnetic materials enterprises in the entrepreneurial stage, and at the same time formulates the overall strategy and functional strategies of the entrepreneurial stage according to the development of the enterprise to help the new innovative magnetic materials. The company smoothly passed the stage of entrepreneurial development.
Thermal Transport of Tin Dioxide Nanowires
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Xu Dongyan , He Jin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Temperature dependent thermal conductivities of individual Tin Dioxide (SnO2) nanowires have been studied via a suspended microdevice method. Thermal conductivity of SnO2 nanowires is found to be less than 20% of the bulk value in the whole measurement temperature range and the peak shifts to a higher temperature about 110 K compared with that of its bulk counterpart at around 26 K. This study demonstrated experimental results and analysis of thermal transport property of onedimensional SnO2 nanostructure.
Cellulose Material with Humidity Color Responsiveness
Authors: Xu Chuanqi , Zheng Songming , Zhang Kaiwei , Yang Xin , Li Ranran , Liu Yuqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn nature, there are a large number of structural color applications. To biobionic nature’s structural color and response to environmental stimuli color changes, jute is prepared by acid hydrolysis into cellulose nanocrystals, and then by simply introducing small molecules as plasticizers and moisture absorbers to prepare a highly flexible, Controlled rainbow colors and multi-stimulating cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The presence of the additive polyglycol (PEG) doesn’t prevent the self-assembly of CNC in the aqueous solution, but will result in increased mechanical toughness, which makes it possible to obtain a structurally adjustable independent Rainbow CNC color. The surface charge density of CNC is an important factor in controlling the spacing dimension of the chiral nematic structure of the dry solid CNC film, which can smoothly change the color of the structure by adjusting the chiral nematic structure. It is worth noting that the change is reversible, with alternating relative humidity between 40% and 100%, a discoloration material that makes biofilms widely used in color-coded sensors, anti-fouling techniques and decorative coatings.
Research on Residual Stress Simulation on High Performance Aluminum Alloy Manufacturing
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Wang Feng , Pan Yongzhi , Wang Shuai , Fu Xiuli 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
High-performance manufacturing is an integrated manufacturing of surface integrity and anti-fatigue surface strengthening to improve the service performance of key components. The stress concentration, fatigue failure and poor reliability cause by traditional processing have become technical bottlenecks restricting the development of industry. In order to research the influence of high performance manufacturing on the fatigue performance of workpieces, the residual stress distribution of 7050 aluminum alloy high performance manufacturing was studied by simulation. The stress layer on the surface of the workpiece was mainly tensile stress which was formed during cutting process, and it implied that the fatigue resistance of the workpiece was not effectively improved. The ultrasonic rolling strengthening treatment can effectively eliminate the residual tool marks and stress concentration. It was noted that stress layer of ultrasonic rolling was deeper than the cutting process, and the stress layer was mainly composed of residual compressive stress. The residual stress increased first and then decreased with the increased of depth, which can significantly improve the fatigue performance and service life of the workpiece.
Effect of Al3+ Doping on the Properties of LiMn2O4 Cathode Material
Authors: Li Lin , Zheng Wei , Zhao Rongfei , Cheng Jinsong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Spinel phase LiAlxMn2-xO4 were prepared by a rheological phase reaction method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, AC impedance, and galvanostatic charge/discharge profile measurement. These results showed that the LiAlxMn2-xO4 had better cycling performance than pure LiMn2O4. Among all the doped samples, the LiAlxMn2-xO4 sample showed the best cycling performance, the initial discharge capacitiy is 132 mAh g−1, and the discharge capacity of 115 mAh g−1 at a rate of 1 C after 100 cycles and capacity retention of 87.1% after 100 cycles (1C=148 mA g−1). Rate performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the Al-doped spinels had high rate capability and reversible cycling performance.
Stiffness Simulation of Joints of Large Manipulators based on Cam Torsion Spring Mechanisms
Authors: Hua Gengpai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There is elasticity in the joint of large manipulators, and the transfer torque is related to the relative rotation angle between input and output terminal. In order to simulate this stiffness characteristic in the test experiment, a cam torsion spring mechanism and its design method are proposed in this paper. The mechanism can simulate arbitrary angle-torque curve by directional design. After the necessary analysis and design, the actual characteristics of the mechanism are tested by experiments, which proves that the mechanism can simulate the stiffness characteristics of joints of large manipulator arm very well.
Study on Mean Time Between Failures Prediction Algorithms Based on Weibull Distribution
Authors: wang Peitong , Fan Jinwei , Li Zhongsheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The system reliability is significant importance because it is involved into most stages of the whole life-cycle of product. According to the existing literature, MTBF is the most frequently used index to indicate the system reliability. However, in engineering calculation, early failure data are always involved directly into MTBF’s estimation, which results in that the estimated MTBF is always smaller than the actual MTBF, especially for the small samples. In order to alleviate this issue, the paper presents three integration algorithms to reconstruct PDF based on Weibull distribution, by reallocating the early failure data. Then relevant prediction expressions are derived by the reconstructed PDFs. Eventually, three new prediction methods are illustrated by a real example. As a result, the prediction value of Method 3 is very close to the actual observed value, moreover the prediction deviation rate is only 5.1%, which proves the proposed algorithm is reasonable. Finally the proposed methods are suggested applying to other distribution patterns.