bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of Hypertension Self-care Profile
Authors: Ma Yue , Cheng Ho Yu , Sit Janet W.H. , Chien Wai Tong 
Published: June 2020

Background
Valid and reliable assessment of the multidimensional self-care of patients with hypertension is important to tailor individualized care. The Hypertension Self-care Profile (HBP SCP), which comprises behavior, motivation, and self-efficacy scales, has been widely tested in various settings.

Objective
The aims of this study were to translate the HBP SCP into a Chinese version (HBP SCP-C) and evaluate its psychometric properties among Chinese adults with hypertension.

Methods
The HBP SCP was translated to Chinese using Cha's combined translation technique, and its content validity was examined by a panel of 7 experts. The psychometric properties of HBP SCP-C were tested in 200 Chinese patients with hypertension. Reliability tests included internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to explore the structure of HBP SCP-C. Discriminative validity was examined by the known-group approach.

Results
The HBP SCP-C demonstrated satisfactory content validity. The 2-factor structures of the behavior (“health promotion” and “habit modification”) and self-efficacy (“intake management” and “health maintenance”) scales and 1-factor structure of the motivation scale were determined. The behavior, motivation, and self-efficacy scales had Cronbach α coefficients of 0.86, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively, and test-retest reliabilities were 0.82 to 0.98, 0.90 to 0.98, and 0.81 to 0.95, respectively. Significant differences between patients with or without comorbidities in behavior (t = 2.55, P = .011), motivation (t = 3.25, P = .001), and self-efficacy (t = 3.02, P = .003) supported the discriminative validity of HBP SCP-C.

Conclusions
The HBP SCP-C could be a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating hypertension self-care in Chinese patients.
Prevalence of Seizures and Risk Factors for Mortality in a Continuous Cohort of Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients
Authors: Yuliati Asri , Federman Myke , Rao Lekha M , Chen Lucia , Sim Myung Shin , Matsumoto Joyce H. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate the risk factors for mortality in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients.

Design:
Retrospective, single-center study.

Setting:
PICU and Pediatric cardiothoracic ICU in an urban, quaternary care center.

Patients:
All neonatal and pediatric patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at our institution between January 2014 and December 2018, who underwent a standardized continuous electroencephalogram neuromonitoring protocol during most of the duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. We excluded patients who had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiated at another institution.

Intervention:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Sixty-six children required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support during this period. Four patients were excluded, three due to lack of electroencephalogram data, one with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiated at other institution. In the remaining 62, 11 patients (17%) had seizures, of which 5 (45%) had status epilepticus. Eight of 11 patients (72%) had exclusively electrographic seizures. A total of 33 patients (53.2%) died, of which 22 died during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course, and one died 3 years after hospital discharge. Mean survival from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation was 766.9 days (standard deviation, 691.7; median, 546.5; interquartile range 1–3, 97.7–1255.0). In multivariate analysis, increased risk of mortality was associated with the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (hazard ratio, 4.33; 95% CI, 1.75–10.72; p = 0.002), imaging findings of cerebral edema (hazard ratio, 14.31; 95% CI, 5.18–39.54; p < 0.001), high lactate level (> 100 mg/dL within 2 hr preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation) (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03–1.44; p = 0.022), and prolonged deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (hazard ratio, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.65–7.13; p < 0.001). Presence of seizures was associated with imaging findings of cerebral edema (hazard ratio, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.04–16.58; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Seizures are common in children requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, with a high rate of electrographic seizures and status epilepticus, as in prior studies. Presence of cerebral edema is both risk factor for mortality and seizures. Other risk factors for mortality include extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, high lactate levels, and prolonged deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Genomic profiling reveals heterogeneous populations of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: Nagasawa Satoi , Kuze Yuta , Maeda Ichiro , Kojima Yasuyuki , Motoyoshi Ai , Onishi Tatsuya , Iwatani Tsuguo , Yokoe Takamichi , Koike Junki , Chosokabe Motohiro , Kubota Manabu , Seino Hibiki , Suzuki Ayako , Seki Masahide , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Inoue Eisuke , Tsugawa Koichiro , Ohta Tomohiko , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA substantial number of cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast will never progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), indicating they are overtreated under the current criteria. Although various candidate markers are available, the relevant markers for delineating the risk categories have not been established. In this study, we analyzed of the integrated clinical features of 431 cases of DCIS followed by deep sequence analyses in a 21-case discovery cohort and a 72-case validation cohort. We identified the five most critical markers of the aggressiveness of DCIS: age <45 years,HER2amplification,GATA3mutation positivity,PIK3CAmutation negativity, and PgR protein negativity. Spatial transcriptome and single-cell DNA sequencing further revealed thatGATA3dysfunction, but notPIK3CAmutation, upregulates EMT, invasion, and angiogenic pathways followed by PgR downregulation. These results reveal the existence of heterogeneous populations of DCIS and provide predictive markers for classifying DCIS and optimizing treatment.
Centromere-specific antibody-mediated karyotyping of OkinawanOikopleura dioicasuggests the presence of three chromosomes
Authors: Liu Andrew W. , Tan Yongkai , Masunaga Aki , Plessy Charles , Luscombe Nicholas M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOikopleura dioicais a ubiquitous marine tunicate of biological interest due to features that include dioecious reproduction, short life cycle, and vertebrate-like dorsal notochord while possessing a relatively compact genome. The use of tunicates as model organisms, particularly with these characteristics, offers the advantage of facilitating studies in evolutionary development and furthering understanding of enduring attributes found in the more complex vertebrates. At present, we are undertaking an initiative to sequence the genomes ofOikopleuraindividuals in populations found among the seas surrounding the Ryukyu Islands in southern Japan. To facilitate and validate genome assemblies, karyotyping was employed to count individual animals’ chromosomesin situusing centromere-specific antibodies directed against H3S28P, a prophase-metaphase cell cycle-specific marker of histone H3. New imaging data of embryos and oocytes stained with two different antibodies were obtained; interpretation of these data lead us to conclude that the OkinawanOikopleura dioicahas three pairs of chromosomes, akin to previous results from genomic assemblies in Atlantic populations. The imaging data have been deposited to the open-access EBI BioImage Archive for reuse while additionally providing representative images of two commercially available anti-H3S28P antibodies’ staining properties for use in epifluorescent and confocal based fluorescent microscopy.
Organization and control of the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway in plants
Authors: Fenech Mario , Amorim-Silva Vítor , del Valle Alicia Esteban , Arnaud Dominique , Castillo Araceli G. , Smirnoff Nicholas , Botella Miguel A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe enzymatic steps involved inl-ascorbate biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms (the Smirnoff-Wheeler, SW pathway) has been well established and here we comprehensively analyze the subcellular localization, potential physical interactions of SW pathway enzymes and assess their role in control of ascorbate synthesis. Transient expression of GFP-fusions inNicotiana benthamianaand Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants complemented with genomic constructs showed that while GME is cytosolic, VTC1, VTC2, VTC4, andl-GalDH have cytosolic and nuclear localization. While transgenic lines GME-GFP, VTC4-GFP andl-GalDH-GFP driven by their endogenous promoters accumulated the fusion proteins, the functional VTC2-GFP protein is detected at low level using immunoblot in a complementedvtc2null mutant. This low amount of VTC2 protein and the extensive analyses using multiple combinations of SW enzymes inN. benthamianasupported the roleof VTC2as the main control point of the pathway on ascorbate biosynthesis. Interaction analysis of SW enzymes using yeast two hybrid did not detect the formation of heterodimers, although VTC1, GME and VTC4 formed homodimers. Further coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) analysis indicted that consecutive SW enzymes, as well as the first and last enzymes (VTC1 andl-GalDH), associate thereby adding a new layer of complexity to ascorbate biosynthesis. Finally, metabolic control analysis incorporating known kinetic characteristics, showed that previously reported feedback repression at the VTC2 step confers a high flux control coefficient and rationalizes why manipulation of other enzymes has little effect on ascorbate concentration.One sentence summaryMetabolic engineering, genetic analysis and functional mutant complementation identify GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase as the main control point in ascorbate biosynthesis in green tissues.
The Olivary Pretectal Nucleus Receives Visual Input of High Spatial Resolution
Authors: Levine Jared N. , Schwartz Gregory W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the mouse, retinal output is computed by over 40 distinct types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) (Baden et al., 2016). Determining which of these many RGC types project to a retinorecipient region is a key step in elucidating the role that region plays in visually-mediated behaviors. Combining retrograde viral tracing and single-cell electrophysiology, we identify the RGC types which project to the olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN), a major visual structure. We find that retinal input to the OPN consists of a variety of intrinsically-photosensitive and conventional RGC types, the latter a diverse set of mostly ON RGCs. Surprisingly, while the OPN is most associated with the pupillary light reflex (PLR) pathway, requiring information about absolute luminance, we show that the majority of the retinal input to the OPN is from single cell type which transmits information unrelated to luminance. This ON-transient RGC accounts for two-thirds of the input to the OPN, and responds to small objects across a wide range of speeds. This finding suggests a role for the OPN in visually-mediated behaviors beyond the PLR.Significance statementThe olivary pretectal nucleus is a midbrain structure which receives direct input from retinal ganglion cells (RGC), and modulates pupil diameter in response to changing absolute light level. In the present study, we combine viral tracing and electrophysiology to identify the RGC types which project to the OPN. Surprisingly, the majority of its input comes from a single type which does not encode absolute luminance, but instead responds to small objects across a wide range of speeds. These findings are consistent with a role for the OPN apart from pupil control and suggest future experiments to elucidate its full role in visually-mediated behavior.
Elucidation of regulatory modes for five two-component systems inEscherichia colireveals novel relationships
Authors: Choudhary Kumari Sonal , Kleinmanns Julia A. , Decker Katherine , Sastry Anand V , Gao Ye , Szubin Richard , Seif Yara , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEscherichia coliuses two-component systems (TCSs) to respond to environmental signals. TCSs affect gene expression and are parts ofE. coli’s global transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). Here, we identified the regulons of five TCSs inE. coliMG1655: BaeSR and CpxAR, which were stimulated by ethanol stress; KdpDE and PhoRB, induced by limiting potassium and phosphate, respectively; and ZraSR, stimulated by zinc. We analyzed RNA-seq data using independent component analysis (ICA). ChIP-exo data was used to validate condition-specific target gene binding sites. Based on this data we (1) identify the target genes for each TCS; (2) show how the target genes are transcribed in response to stimulus; and (3) reveal novel relationships between TCSs, which indicate non-cognate inducers for various response regulators, such as BaeR to iron starvation, CpxR to phosphate limitation, and PhoB and ZraR to cell envelope stress. Our understanding of the TRN inE. coliis thus notably expanded.ImportanceE. coliis a common commensal microbe found in human gut microenvironment; however, some strains cause diseases like diarrhea, urinary tract infections and meningitis.E. coli’stwo-component system (TCS) modulates target gene expression, specially related to virulence, pathogenesis and anti-microbial peptides, in response to environmental stimuli. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand the transcriptional regulation of the TCSs to infer its environmental adaptation and disease pathogenicity. Utilizing a combinatorial approach integrating RNAseq, independent component analysis, ChIP-exo and data mining, we show that TCSs have five different modes of transcriptional regulation. Our data further highlights non-cognate inducers of TCSs emphasizing cross-regulatory nature of TCSs inE. coliand suggests that TCSs may have a role beyond their cognate functionalities. In summary, these results when further incorporated with genome scale metabolic models can lead to understanding of metabolic capabilities of bacteria and correctly predict complex phenotype under diverse conditions.
Benchtop micro-mashing: high-throughput, robust, experimental beer brewing
Authors: Kerr Edward D. , Caboche Christopher H. , Josh Peter , Schulz Benjamin L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBrewing science is undergoing a renaissance with the use of modern analytical chemistry and microbiology techniques. However, these modern analytical tools and techniques are not necessarily aligned with the scale and scope of brewing science. In particular, brewing processes can be time consuming, ingredient intensive, and require specialised technical equipment. These drawbacks compound with the need for appropriate numbers of replicates for adequately powered experimental design. Here, we describe a micro-scale mash method that can be performed using a common laboratory benchtop shaker/incubator, allowing for high throughput mashing and easy sample replication for statistical analysis. Proteomic profiles at both the protein and peptide levels were consistent between the 1 mL micro-mash and a 23 L Braumeister mash, and both mash scales produced wort with equivalent fermentable sugar and free amino acid profiles. The experimental flexibility offered by our micro-mash method allowed us to investigate the effects of altered mash parameters on the beer brewing proteome.
Deep learning model for ultrafast quantification of blood flow in diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Poon Chien-Sing , Long Feixiao , Sunar Ulas 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTDiffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is increasingly used in the optical imaging field to assess blood flow in humans due to its non-invasive, real-time characteristics and its ability to provide label-free, bedside monitoring of blood flow changes. Previous DCS studies have utilized a traditional curve fitting of the analytical or Monte Carlo models to extract the blood flow changes, which are computationally demanding and less accurate when the signal to noise ratio decreases. Here, we present a deep learning model that eliminates this bottleneck by solving the inverse problem more than 2300% faster, with equivalent or improved accuracy compared to the nonlinear fitting with an analytical method. The proposed deep learning inverse model will enable real-time and accurate tissue blood flow quantification with the DCS technique.
Isolation by Distance in Populations with Power-law Dispersal
Authors: Smith Tyler B. , Weissman Daniel B. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTLimited dispersal of individuals between generations results in isolation by distance, in which individuals further apart in space tend to be less related. Classic models of isolation by distance assume that dispersal distances are drawn from a thin-tailed distribution and predict that the proportion of the genome that is identical by descent between a pair of individuals should decrease exponentially with the spatial separation between them. However, in many natural populations, individuals occasionally disperse over very long distances. In this work, we use mathematical analysis and coalescent simulations to study the effect of long-range (power-law) dispersal on patterns of isolation by distance. We find that it leads to power-law decay of identity-by-descent at large distances with the same exponent as dispersal. We also find that broad power-law dispersal produces another, shallow power-law decay of identity-by-descent at short distances. These results suggest that the distribution of long-range dispersal events could be estimated from sequencing large population samples taken from a wide range of spatial scales.
Control of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in commercial greenhouse production with agricultural disinfectants and resistant cucumber varieties
Authors: Ellouze W. , Mishra V. , Howard R. J. , Ling K.-S. , Zhang W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a re-emerging threat to greenhouse cucumber and otherCucurbitaceaecrop productions worldwide. This seed-borne virus can easily spread from a contaminated seed to seedlings and to adjacent plants through mechanical contact of the foliage of diseased and healthy plants causing extensive yield losses. Additionally, infection may not be limited to the current crop but may also affect subsequent crops due to the long-term persistence of the virus on contaminated crop residues, greenhouse hard surfaces and soil or soil-less greenhouse substrates. In the present work, three greenhouse trials were conducted to develop an integrated pest management strategy towards controlling CGMMV in commercial cucumber greenhouses, by implementing an effective sanitization program and using resistant and grafted cucumber varieties. Results of sanitization trial highlighted that pressure washing and cleansing with an alkaline foam cleanser has eliminated CGMMV on some of the most heavily infested areas. However, three successive applications of cleanser and disinfectants were essential to completely eliminate CGMMV on porous and uneven surfaces, such as cement alleyway, tray gutter and floor mats. The varietal trial revealed that out of 15 cucumber varieties evaluated, two Mini (‘Katrina’ and ‘Khassib’) and three Long English (‘Sepire’, ‘Bomber’ and ‘LC13900’) had reduced or delayed CGMMV infection spread in the greenhouse but were intermediate in yield. The varieties ‘Sunniwell’ and ‘Bonbon’ were the most tolerant to CGMMV. They showed a high CGMMV infection level without compromising yield. These results proved the need for new productive cucumber varieties with CGMMV resistance. Grafting experiment showed only yield increase in case of grafted ‘Picowell’ over ‘Bonbon’ and not marked CGMMV resistance, which is a much desirable result when the grafting experiments are evaluated for their economic potential. In all, the current experimental trials unfold unique methodologies on CGMMV management in commercial greenhouses that are recommended to the growers to be followed for reducing crop losses and get benefitted on revenue compromise.
A robust and self-sustained peripheral circadian oscillator reveals differences in temperature compensation properties with central brain clocks
Authors: Versteven Marijke , Ernst Karla-Marlen , Stanewsky Ralf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCircadian clocks temporally organize physiology and behavior of organisms exposed to the daily changes of light and temperature on our planet, thereby contributing to fitness and health. Circadian clocks and the biological rhythms they control are characterized by three properties. (1) The rhythms are self-sustained in constant conditions with a period of ~ 24 hr, (2), they can be synchronized to the environmental cycles of light and temperature, and (3), they are temperature compensated, meaning they run with the same speed at different temperatures within the physiological range of the organism. Apart from the central clocks located in or near the brain, which regulate the daily activity rhythms of animals, the so-called peripheral clocks are dispersed throughout the body of insects and vertebrates. Based on the three defining properties, it has been difficult to determine if these peripheral clocks are true circadian clocks. We used a set of clock gene – luciferase reporter genes to address this question inDrosophilacircadian clocks. We show that self-sustained fly peripheral oscillators over compensate temperature changes, i.e., they slow down with increasing temperature. This over-compensation is not observed in central clock neurons in the fly brain, both in intact flies and in cultured brains, suggesting that neural network properties contribute to temperature compensation. However, an important neuropeptide for synchronizing the circadian neuronal network, the Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF), is not required for self-sustained and temperature-compensated oscillations in subsets of the central clock neurons. Our findings reveal a fundamental difference between central and peripheral clocks, which likely also applies for vertebrate clocks.