bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Boron Difluoride Hydrazone (BODIHY) Polymer Exhibits Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Cappello Daniela , Watson Alexander E. R. , Gilroy Joe B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolymers that exhibit aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) find use, for example, as cell‐imaging agents and as fluorometric sensors due to their unique optical properties. However, the structural diversity of AIE‐active polymers has not necessarily advanced at the same rate as their applications. In this work, ring‐opening metathesis polymerization is used to synthesize the first example of a polymer (Mn = 61,600 g mol−1, Đ = 1.32) containing boron difluoride hydrazone (BODIHY) heterocycles in its repeating unit. The BODIHY monomer and polymer described absorb and emit in the visible region in solution (λabs = 428 and 429 nm, λem = 528 and 526 nm) and as thin films (λabs = 443 and 440 nm, λem = 535 and 534 nm). Monomer (ΦFilm = 10%) and polymer (ΦFilm = 6%) exhibit enhanced emission as thin films compared to solution (ΦSoln ≤ 1%) as well as AIE upon the addition of water to DMF solutions as a result of restriction of intramolecular motion. Enhancement factors for the monomer and polymer are determined to be 58 and 15, respectively. The title BODIHY polymer exhibited an earlier onset of AIE and enhanced sensitivity to solution viscosity when compared to the parent monomer.
Indole, Phenyl, and Phenol Groups: The Role of the Comonomer on Gene Delivery in Guanidinium Containing Methacrylamide Terpolymers
Authors: Hack Franz J. , Cokca Ceren , Städter Sebastian , Hülsmann Juliana , Peneva Kalina , Fischer Dagmar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis report highlights the importance of hydrophobic groups mimicking the side chains of aromatic amino acids, which are tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, in guanidinium bearing poly(methacrylamide)s for the design of non‐viral gene delivery agents. Guanidinium containing methacrylamide terpolymers are prepared by aqueous reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (aRAFT) polymerization with different hydrophobic monomers, N‐(2‐indolethyl)methacrylamide (IEMA), N‐phenethylmethacrylamide (PhEMA), or N‐(4‐hydroxyphenethyl)methacrylamide (PhOHEMA) by aiming similar contents. The well‐defined polymers are obtained with a molar mass of ≈15 000 g mol−1 and ≈1.1 dispersity. All terpolymers demonstrate almost comparable in vitro cell viability and hemocompatibility profiles independent of the type of side chain. Although they all form positively charged, enzymatically stable polyplexes with plasmid DNA smaller than 200 nm, the incorporation of the IEMA monomer improve these parameters by demonstrating a higher DNA binding affinity and forming nanoassemblies of about 100 nm. These physicochemical characteristics are correlated with increased transfection rates in CHO‐K1 cells dependent on the type of the monomer and the nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio of the polyplexes, as determined by luciferase reporter gene assays.
Movement Disorders and Hematologic Diseases
Authors: Patel Roshni Abee , Hall Deborah A. , Eichenseer Sheila , Bailey Meagan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMovement disorders can be associated with or caused by hematological abnormalities. The objective of this review is to highlight features that will aid in the clinician's recognition and treatment of these disorders.MethodsMESH terms relevant to movement disorders and hematologic diseases were searched to identify conditions included in this narrative, educational review.ResultsSeveral conditions were identified, and they were organized by hematologic categories to include red blood cell abnormalities, white blood cell abnormalities, disorders of clotting and bleeding, hematologic malignancies, and others.ConclusionsThis review will increase providers’ understanding of disorders that include movement disorders and hematologic abnormalities. Basic hematologic laboratories can aid in assessment of these disorders, to include complete blood count/hemogram and peripheral blood smear. Recognition is key, especially in the setting of underlying malignancy, vitamin deficiency, or other disorder in which treatment is available.
Ligand‐based Discovery of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Zarei Omid , Faham Najme , Vankayalapati Hariprasad , Raeppel Stéphane L. , Welm Alana L. , Hamzeh‐Mivehroud Maryam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground: RON (Recepteur d′Origine Nantais) receptor tyrosine kinase is a promising target for anti‐cancer therapeutics. The aim of this study was to identify new RON inhibitors using virtual screening methods. Methods: To this end, a ligand‐based virtual screening approach was employed for screening of ZINC database on the homology model of RON receptor. All the selected hits were inspected in terms of drug‐likeness, ADME properties, and toxicity profiles. Ligand‐based similarity searches along with further filtering criteria led to the identification of two compounds, TKI1 and TKI2 that were evaluated using in vitro cell‐based RON inhibition assays. Results: The results showed that TKI1 and TKI2 could reduce phosphorylation of RON. Both compounds showed inhibitory activity of the downstream mTOR pathway with no apparent effects on other signaling mediators in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion: These compounds can provide a basis for developing novel anti‐RON inhibitors applicable to cancer therapy using medicinal chemistry‐oriented optimization strategies.
Electromagnetic band gap based in Peano fractal geometry for harmonic suppression
Authors: Lima Adelson Menezes , Cunha Nilson Henrique O. , da Silva José Patrocínio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an electromagnetic band gap structure with fractal geometry based on Peano curves is proposed to suppression of degenerated modes. The geometry is characterized by the inclusion of air slots into the substrate, under the feed line, of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The parameters analyzed are the input impedance using the Smith chart, the reflection coefficient (S11), radiation diagram and the electric field distribution of the propagation modes. The simulated results were compared with the measured results, obtained from manufactured prototypes and show that the proposed structure can be used to attenuate and suppress higher‐order modes.
An anisotropic viscoplasticity model for shale based on layered microstructure homogenization
Authors: Choo Jinhyun , Semnani Shabnam J. , White Joshua A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractViscoplastic deformation of shale is frequently observed in many subsurface applications. Many studies have suggested that this viscoplastic behavior is anisotropic—specifically, transversely isotropic—and closely linked to the layered composite structure at the microscale. In this work, we develop a two‐scale constitutive model for shale in which anisotropic viscoplastic behavior naturally emerges from semianalytical homogenization of a bilayer microstructure. The microstructure is modeled as a composite of soft layers, representing a ductile matrix formed by clay and organics, and hard layers, corresponding to a brittle matrix composed of stiff minerals. This layered microstructure renders the macroscopic behavior anisotropic, even when the individual layers are modeled with isotropic constitutive laws. Using a common correlation between clay and organic content and magnitude of creep, we apply a viscoplastic modified Cam‐Clay plasticity model to the soft layers, while treating the hard layers as a linear elastic material to minimize the number of calibration parameters. We then describe the implementation of the proposed model in a standard material update subroutine. The model is validated with laboratory creep data on samples from three gas shale formations. We also demonstrate the computational behavior of the proposed model through simulation of time‐dependent borehole closure in a shale formation with different bedding plane directions.
Influence of pore‐like flaws on strength and microcracking behavior of crystalline rock
Authors: Peng Jun , Wong Louis Ngai Yuen , Zhang Yahui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPore is a common type of microdefect or flaw in rock or rock‐like material. Predicting the influence of pore‐like flaw on the deformation, strength, and failure behavior of a brittle material is a topic of great interest in the field of geomechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this study, the influences of a group of two‐dimensional circular pore‐like flaws with varied number, position, and size on the strength and deformation behavior and the associated microcracking process of crystalline rock is numerically investigated by using a grain‐based modeling approach. The results reveal that the simulated strength and deformation properties, and the temporal and spatial microcracking process are significantly influenced by the aggregation of a group of pore‐like flaws in the model. Due to local stress amplification, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus are found to decrease as the pore number (ie, porosity) gradually increases in the model. The microcracks mostly initiate at the top and bottom of the pore‐like flaws, and tension zones generally form around these assembled pores in the loading direction. The stress magnitude in the model, which generally decreases with the increase of porosity in the model, is obtained and quantitatively analyzed. As compared with regularly assembled pores, randomly distributed pores are found to cause much more uniformly distributed stress and smaller tension zone in numerical models. The position of pore‐like flaws has been shown to have a negligible influence on the strength and deformation behavior, while the simulated UCS is found to progressively increase with increasing radius of the pore‐like flaw.
Parenteral Nutrition Prescribing and Order Review Safety Study: The Need for Pharmacist Intervention
Authors: Kraft Michael D. , Tucker Anne M. , Durfee Sharon M. , Jones Todd , Guenter Peggi , Banko David E. , Ayers Phil , Boullata Joseph , Raymond Erica , Sacks Gordon S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionErrors have been reported in the literature to occur at each step of the parenteral nutrition (PN) use process, necessitating standardized processes, clinician competence, and open communication for those involved. This study was performed at Central Admixture Pharmacy Services (CAPS®) in collaboration with the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) with the purpose to study the need for and success of PN pharmacist interventions.MethodsA survey was developed and sent to all CAPS customers for study enrollment and to identify their demographic and practice characteristics. For those enrolled, CAPS pharmacists reviewed every PN order in a 1‐month period using an error/intervention tool to capture data on prescription elements requiring intervention, along with acceptance of that intervention.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐two unique CAPS customers (23% response rate) participated in the study, representing 37,634 unique PN prescriptions. Two hundred forty‐eight PN prescriptions (0.66%) from 59 customers required ≥1 intervention. The top 3 intervention types were electrolyte dose clarification, calcium/phosphorus incompatibility, and amino acid dose clarification. A greater number and percentage of interventions were required for neonatal prescriptions, as compared with adult and pediatric prescriptions. No significant difference was found in many of the other customer characteristics.ConclusionThis study supports the need for institutions to develop systems to comply with published PN safety recommendations, including knowledgeable and skilled pharmacists to complete the order review and verification steps for this high‐alert medication.
Burnout and patient safety: A discriminant analysis of paediatric nurses by low to high managerial support
Authors: Khatatbeh Haitham , Pakai Annamária , Pusztai Dorina , Szunomár Szilvia , Fullér Noémi , Kovács Szebeni Gyula , Siket Adrienn , Zrínyi Miklós , Oláh András 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo explore how levels of managerial support discriminate paediatric nurses' burnout, quality of life, intent to leave and adverse patient events.DesignA quantitative correlational study.MethodsA total of 225 paediatric nurses were selected from nine major hospitals across Jordan. The main measures used were the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and the brief version of World Health Organization‐Quality of Life Instrument. The study methods were compliant with the STROBE checklist.ResultsNurse manager support was negatively associated with adverse patient events, work‐related burnout, client‐related burnout, and intent to leave; and positively with physical and psychological quality of life. Frequency of nosocomial infections characterized low manager support, whereas medication errors described high support. Greater nurse manager support decreased the likelihood of adverse patient outcomes.
Meaning in life as a predictor of the general health among medical sciences students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shahhosseini Zohreh , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Marzband Rahmatollah , Azizi Marzieh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the predictive role of meaning in life on the general health among medical sciences students.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsFour‐hundred medical sciences students were selected by proportional to size sampling. The general health questionnaire and the personal meaning profile were administrated to identify the predictive role of meaning in life on the student's general health. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were administrated.ResultsThe mean ± SD of the total score of general health and meaning in life among students was 16.34 ± 6.73 and 71.50 ± 9.78, respectively. In the multiple linear regression model, factors such as father's educational level, and meaning in life can predict a 20% variance of general health among university students. As meaning in life thus emerges as a variable worth further in the health of university students, implementing interventional studies to assess the effect of meaning in life on students' general health is recommended.
Graphite reinforced silane crosslinked high density polyethylene: The effect of filler loading on the thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Kourtidou Dimitra , Symeou Elli , Terzopoulou Zoi , Vasileiadis Isaak , Kehagias Thomas , Pavlidou Eleni , Kyratsi Theodora , Bikiaris Dimitrios N. , Chrissafis Konstantinos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCrosslinked polyethylene is a promising polymer regarding its mechanical properties and wear resistance, predominantly used in pipework systems. However, it suffers from low thermal conductivity, which limits its application in geothermal heating/cooling systems. In this work, crosslinked high‐density polyethylene (PEX) composites with spherical graphite (SG) as a reinforcing filler are examined in terms of their thermal and mechanical properties. Thermal conductivity measurements showed a significant improvement of the thermal conductivity of PEX with increasing filler content (40.6% augmentation for 5 wt% SG content), while the experimental data are in good agreement with the Chauhan theoretical model for spherical particles. Tensile tests revealed that the elastic modulus of PEX/SG composites presented a considerable improvement (23.6% augmentation for 5 wt% SG content). Various micromechanical models for the prediction of the composites' elastic behavior were applied to the experimental data, which present a satisfactory agreement with the Takayanagi I two‐phase model for low concentrations of SG, and the Takayanagi II two‐phase model for higher filler content.
Hollow glass spheres in sheet molding compound composites: Limitations and potential
Authors: Berman Arielle , DiLoreto Edward , Moon Robert J. , Kalaitzidou Kyriaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSheet molding compounds (SMC) are commonly used in automotive applications as they lead to increased fuel efficiency of vehicles due to their high strength to weight ratios. This study focuses on understanding the effect of replacing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with hollow glass spheres (HGS) in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix SMC composite with the ultimate goal to further reduce density without compromising performance. The resulting glass fiber (GF)‐reinforced syntactic foam laminate composites with GF content ranging from 10 to 15 vol% have densities of 1.2 and 1 g/cm3, respectively. This is significantly lower than the industry standard SMC density of 1.9 g/cm3. The HGS parameters of interest are primarily HGS type (S28HS and S32HS), loading level (33–44 vol%), and surface functionalization (methacrylsilane). The syntactic foam composites were characterized in terms of tensile, flexural, and impact properties, and their properties were compared to those of standard density SMC. As expected, the flexural, tensile, and impact properties were compromised with a decrease of density. However, they were higher than the corresponding properties of low‐ and ultra‐low density composites reported in the literature, as we were able to add higher GF content in these low‐density SMC formulations. It was also concluded that methacrylsilanized surface treated HGS showed promise in maintaining the mechanical properties, especially at high sphere loadings. The impact energy of the low‐density formulations was relatively unaffected by HGS type or loading.
Effects of mineral fillers addition and preparation method on the morphology and electrical conductivity of epoxy/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Tokobaro Paulo Eduardo Asito , Larocca Nelson Marcos , Backes Eduardo Henrique , Pessan Luiz Antonio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the correlation between the electrical conductivity and the micro and nanomorphology of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/epoxy nanocomposites with and without the inorganic fillers montmorillonite (MMT), sepiolite and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing the MWCNT and fillers through ultrasonication directly in the resin or solvent. For nanocomposites without fillers, the compositions prepared with solvent demonstrated higher electrical conductivities, which correlate with a microscale morphology formed by networks of highly interconnected MWCNT agglomerates. The addition of MMT induced a deleterious effect on the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites since this filler hinders the formation of MWCNT agglomerate networks. The effect of sepiolite on electrical conductivity is also negative, but in this case, nonmorphological effects are likely of greater importance. The addition of CaCO3 improved the electrical conductivity of the binary nanocomposites under specific conditions. For this filler, a synergic effect was achieved for the composition prepared with solvent, which resulted in an approximately sixfold increase in electrical conductivity relative to the nanocomposite without filler.
Limiting mechanisms for photon recycling in thin‐film GaAs solar cells
Authors: Gruginskie Natasha , Cappelluti Federica , Bauhuis Gerard , Tibaldi Alberto , Giliberti Gemma , Mulder Peter , Vlieg Elias , Schermer John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhoton recycling mechanisms in single junction thin‐film GaAs solar cells are evaluated in this study. Modelling supported by experimentally obtained results is used in order to correlate the reflectance of the cell's rear layers, the photon recycling probability, and the solar cell performance. Solar cells with different top and bottom metallization configurations are produced, and their performance is analyzed from the optical and electrical point of view. It is shown that the photon recycling probability increases with the rear mirror reflectance and solar cell thickness, which results in the increase of the devices open circuit voltage. However, the front grid coverage, usually disregarded in rear mirror focused studies, strongly reduces the photon recycling probability. Furthermore, perimeter and interface recombination hinder the internal radiative efficiency of the solar cells, preventing further increase of the devices' open circuit voltage as a result of improvements of the rear mirror reflectivity. In order to exploit the significant benefit of increased photon recycling probability to the solar cell performance, these limiting mechanisms need to be properly addressed.
Registration of ‘UC Southwest Gold’ heirloom‐like gold and white mottled bean
Authors: Parker Travis , Palkovic Antonia , Brummer E. Charles , Gepts Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract‘UC Southwest Gold’ (Reg. no. CV‐337, PI 693470) is a dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) descended from ‘Zuni Gold’ and UCD 9634 pink bean. UC Southwest Gold is an F3:7 line with an heirloom‐like seed coat similar to Zuni Gold but with resistance to Bean common mosaic virus and yields 60% higher than its heirloom parent. Culinary evaluations have shown that it displays cooking properties comparable to Zuni Gold. Field trials were carried out on certified organic ground. UC Southwest Gold will contribute toward satisfying an increasing market demand for more productive and economical heirloom‐type common bean cultivars.
Determination of maximum possible contribution of porous particles in gas transport properties of their corresponding mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Maghami Saeid , Sadeghi Morteza , Mehrabani‐Zeinabad Arjomand , Simiari Mehdi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to the partial/total blockage of dispersed porous particles in polymer matrices, porous particles do not change the transport properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) as much as possible. Also, the determination of MMMs' intrinsic gas permeability is very difficult. Hence, a new modeling approach was developed to determine the maximum contribution of porous particles in gas separation properties of MMMs without any need to know the interfacial morphology type. Moreover, the approach allowed determination of the effect of the interfacial layer on gas transport properties of MMMs containing porous particles. The validity of the proposed method was evaluated using literature data in which the intrinsic permeability of the used particles and polymer matrix for the preparation of their MMMs has been measured.
Strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition polymerization as a route toward tailored functional polymers
Authors: Meichsner Eric , Fong Darryl , Ritaine Dialia E. M. , Adronov Alex 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe preparation of polymers under mild conditions, using highly efficient reactions, allows the incorporation of new, functional monomer units. Here, we explore the use of strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) as a polymerization tool. We show that a polymer library with diverse thermal and stimulus‐responsive properties can be rapidly prepared in minutes. This polymerization proceeds without heating or the addition of catalyst, which enables the preservation of sensitive moieties, such as stimulus‐responsive spiropyran structures. Solid‐ and solution‐state stimulus‐responsiveness from these sensitive groups are demonstrated within the SPAAC‐polymerized products.