bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genetic and epigenetic diversity in pairs of sympatric, closely related plants with contrasting distribution ranges in south-eastern Iberian mountains
Authors: Medrano Mónica , Alonso Conchita , Bazaga Pilar , López Esmeralda , Herrera Carlos M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenetic diversity defines the evolutionary potential of a species, yet mounting evidence suggests that epigenetic diversity could also contribute to adaptation. Elucidating the complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic variation in wild populations remains a challenge for evolutionary biologists, and the intriguing possibility that epigenetic diversity could compensate for the loss of genetic diversity is one aspect that remains basically unexplored in wild plants. This hypothesis is addressed in this paper by comparing the extent and patterns of genetic and epigenetic diversity of phylogenetically closely related but ecologically disparate species. Seven pairs of congeneric species from Cazorla mountains in south-eastern Spain were studied, each pair consisting of one endemic, restricted-range species associated to stressful environments, and one widespread species occupying more favourable habitats. The prediction was tested that endemic species should have lower genetic diversity due to population fragmentation, and higher epigenetic diversity induced by environmental stress, than their widespread congeners. Genetic (DNA sequence variants) and epigenetic (DNA cytosine methylation variants) diversities and their possible co-variation were assessed in three populations of each focal species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive AFLP (MSAP). All species and populations exhibited moderate to high levels of genetic polymorphism irrespective of their ecological characteristics. Epigenetic diversity was greater than genetic diversity in all cases. Only in endemic species were the two variables positively related, but the difference between epigenetic and genetic diversity was greater at populations with low genetic polymorphism. Results revealed that the relationship between genetic and epigenetic diversity can be more complex than envisaged by the simple hypothesis addressed in this study, and highlight the need of additional research on the actual role of epigenetic variation as a source of phenotypic diversity before a realistic understanding of the evolutionary relevance of epigenetic phenomena in plant adaptation can be achieved.
Prediction of drug adverse events using deep learning in pharmaceutical discovery
Authors: Lee Chun Yen , Chen Yi-Ping Phoebe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTraditional machine learning methods used to detect the side effects of drugs pose significant challenges as feature engineering processes are labor-intensive, expert-dependent, time-consuming and cost-ineffective. Moreover, these methods only focus on detecting the association between drugs and their side effects or classifying drug–drug interaction. Motivated by technological advancements and the availability of big data, we provide a review on the detection and classification of side effects using deep learning approaches. It is shown that the effective integration of heterogeneous, multidimensional drug data sources, together with the innovative deployment of deep learning approaches, helps reduce or prevent the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Deep learning approaches can also be exploited to find replacements for drugs which have side effects or help to diversify the utilization of drugs through drug repurposing.
Classification via local manifold approximation
Authors: Li Didong , Dunson David B 
Published: April 2020

SummaryClassifiers label data as belonging to one of a set of groups based on input features. It is challenging to achieve accurate classification when the feature distributions in the different classes are complex, with nonlinear, overlapping and intersecting supports. This is particularly true when training data are limited. To address this problem, we propose a new type of classifier based on obtaining a local approximation to the support of the data within each class in a neighbourhood of the feature to be classified, and assigning the feature to the class having the closest support. This general algorithm is referred to as local manifold approximation classification. As a simple and theoretically supported special case, which is shown to have excellent performance across a broad variety of examples, we use spheres for local approximation, obtaining a spherical approximation classifier.
The Social Work Regulator and Professional Identity: A Narrative of Lord and Bondsman
Authors: Simpson Murray , Daly Maura , Smith Mark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince the early 2000s, in a development since mirrored throughout much of the Anglophone world, social work across UK jurisdictions has been subject to external regulation. Whilst a key justification for regulation was to enhance professional identity, there is little evidence that it has done so. Indeed, a growing literature points out conflictual and unproductive relationships between the social work profession and its regulators, within which a marked power imbalance in favour of the regulator is apparent. In this article, we illustrate the nature of this imbalance theoretically by drawing upon the classic philosophical narrative, developed by Georg Willhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), of the ‘lord and bondsman’. We seek to demonstrate the utility of the Hegelian narrative using data from a study into the views of social workers on how they understand their professional identities, focusing specifically on those aspects of the study that address the place of regulation in this process. Whilst exposing some fundamental problems in the regulatory relationship, the lord and bondsman narrative may also offer some possibility of a way forward through identifying these dialectics as a step towards a more self-conscious professional maturity.
Cancer Risk Stratification of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Men by Validated Methylation Markers Associated With Progression to Cancer
Authors: van der Zee Ramon P , Richel Olivier , van Noesel Carel J M , Ciocănea-Teodorescu Iuliana , van Splunter Annina P , ter Braak Timo J , Nathan Mayura , Cuming Tamzin , Sheaff Michael , Kreuter Alexander , Meijer Chris J L M , Quint Wim G V , de Vries Henry J C , Prins Jan M , Steenbergen Renske D M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN; AIN2–3) is highly prevalent in HIV+ men, but only a minority of these lesions progress towards cancer. Currently, cancer progression risk cannot be established; therefore, no consensus exists on whether HGAIN should be treated. This study aimed to validate previously identified host cell DNA methylation markers for detection and cancer risk stratification of HGAIN.

Methods
A large independent cross-sectional series of 345 anal cancer, AIN3, AIN2, AIN1, and normal control biopsies of HIV+ men was tested for DNA methylation of 6 genes using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. We determined accuracy for detection of AIN3 and cancer (AIN3+) by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, followed by leave-one-out cross-validation. Methylation levels were assessed in a series of 10 anal cancer cases with preceding HGAIN at similar anatomic locations, and compared with the cross-sectional series.

Results
Methylation levels of all genes increased with increasing severity of disease (P &lt; .05). HGAIN revealed a heterogeneous methylation pattern, with a subset resembling cancer. ZNF582 showed highest accuracy (AUC = 0.88) for AIN3+ detection, slightly improved by addition of ASCL1 and SST (AUC = 0.89), forming a marker panel. In the longitudinal series, HGAIN preceding cancer displayed high methylation levels similar to cancers.

Conclusions
We validated the accuracy of 5 methylation markers for the detection of anal (pre-) cancer. High methylation levels in HGAIN were associated with progression to cancer. These markers provide a promising tool to identify HGAIN in need of treatment, preventing overtreatment of HGAIN with a low cancer progression risk.
Lies and Irony Understanding in Deaf and Hearing Adolescents
Authors: González-Cuenca Antonia , Linero María José 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Lies and irony are paradigmatic examples of nonliteral communication; many deaf children and even adults have difficulty in understanding them. The present study assessed the understanding of lies and irony in 96 adolescents living in Spain in urban settings (58 deaf participants, 38 hearing participants; 10–19 years old). We investigated whether deaf and hearing participants differ in their performance, and the effects of age, theory of mind (ToM), and language on the understanding of these nonliteral meanings in deaf participants. The results show that deaf participants do not find it difficult to detect nonliteral statements, but they experience difficulty in attributing the real motivation to the speaker. ToM and language explained performance in the understanding of nonliteral communication in the deaf group. The results suggest the need to focus on promoting the ability to attribute real motivations to speakers. We propose an assessment sequence that differs from those used in other studies. In the proposed sequence, ToM skills would be combined with other skills that influence the understanding of lies and irony and would be sequenced according to the observed performance in deaf adolescents.
Influence of plant genotype and soil on the wheat rhizosphere microbiome: evidences for a core microbiome across eight African and European soils
Authors: Simonin Marie , Dasilva Cindy , Terzi Valeria , Ngonkeu Eddy L M , Diouf Diégane , Kane Aboubacry , Béna Gilles , Moulin Lionel 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTHere, we assessed the relative influence of wheat genotype, agricultural practices (conventional vs organic) and soil type on the rhizosphere microbiome. We characterized the prokaryotic (archaea and bacteria) and eukaryotic (fungi and protists) communities in soils from four different countries (Cameroon, France, Italy, Senegal) and determined if a rhizosphere core microbiome existed across these different countries. The wheat genotype had a limited effect on the rhizosphere microbiome (2% of variance) as the majority of the microbial taxa were consistently associated to multiple wheat genotypes grown in the same soil. Large differences in taxa richness and in community structure were observed between the eight soils studied (57% variance) and the two agricultural practices (10% variance). Despite these differences between soils, we observed that 177 taxa (2 archaea, 103 bacteria, 41 fungi and 31 protists) were consistently detected in the rhizosphere, constituting a core microbiome. In addition to being prevalent, these core taxa were highly abundant and collectively represented 50% of the reads in our data set. Based on these results, we identify a list of key taxa as future targets of culturomics, metagenomics and wheat synthetic microbiomes. Additionally, we show that protists are an integral part of the wheat holobiont that is currently overlooked.
Differential Expression of Immune Genes between Two Closely Related Beetle Species with Different Immunocompetence following Attack by Asecodes parviclava
Authors: Yang Xuyue , Fors Lisa , Slotte Tanja , Theopold Ulrich , Binzer-Panchal Mahesh , Wheat Christopher W , Hambäck Peter A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEndoparasitoid wasps are important natural enemies of many insect species and are major selective forces on the host immune system. Despite increased interest in insect antiparasitoid immunity, there is sparse information on the evolutionary dynamics of biological pathways and gene regulation involved in host immune defense outside Drosophila species. We de novo assembled transcriptomes from two beetle species and used time-course differential expression analysis to investigate gene expression differences in closely related species Galerucella pusilla and G. calmariensis that are, respectively, resistant and susceptible against parasitoid infection by Asecodes parviclava parasitoids. Approximately 271 million and 224 million paired-ended reads were assembled and filtered to form 52,563 and 59,781 transcripts for G. pusilla and G. calmariensis, respectively. In the whole-transcriptome level, an enrichment of functional categories related to energy production, biosynthetic process, and metabolic process was exhibited in both species. The main difference between species appears to be immune response and wound healing process mounted by G. pusilla larvae. Using reciprocal BLAST against the Drosophila melanogaster proteome, 120 and 121 immune-related genes were identified in G. pusilla and G. calmariensis, respectively. More immune genes were differentially expressed in G. pusilla than in G. calmariensis, in particular genes involved in signaling, hematopoiesis, and melanization. In contrast, only one gene was differentially expressed in G. calmariensis. Our study characterizes important genes and pathways involved in different immune functions after parasitoid infection and supports the role of signaling and hematopoiesis genes as key players in host immunity in Galerucella against parasitoid wasps.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Adaptations to Maximal Strength Training in Older Adults
Authors: Berg Ole Kristian , Kwon Oh Sung , Hureau Thomas J , Clifton Heather L , Thurston Taylor S , Le Fur Yann , Jeong Eun-Kee , Trinity Joel D , Richardson Russell S , Wang Eivind , Layec Gwenael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Maximal strength training (MST) results in robust improvements in skeletal muscle force production, efficiency, and mass. However, the effects of MST on muscle mitochondria are still unknown. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine, from the molecular level to whole-muscle, mitochondrial adaptations induced by 8 weeks of knee-extension MST in the quadriceps of 10 older adults using immunoblotting, spectrophotometry, high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibers, in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), and gas exchange. As anticipated, MST resulted in an increased isometric knee-extensor force from 133 ± 36 to 147 ± 49 Nm (p &lt; .05) and quadriceps muscle volume from 1,410 ± 103 to 1,555 ± 455 cm3 (p &lt; .05). Mitochondrial complex (I–V) protein abundance and citrate synthase activity were not significantly altered by MST. Assessed ex vivo, maximal ADP-stimulated respiration (state 3CI+CII, PRE: 23 ± 6 and POST: 14 ± 5 ρM·mg−1·s−1, p &lt; .05), was decreased by MST, predominantly, as a result of a decline in complex I-linked respiration (p &lt; .05). Additionally, state 3 free-fatty acid linked respiration was decreased following MST (PRE: 19 ± 5 and POST: 14 ± 3 ρM·mg−1·s−1, p &lt; .05). Assessed in vivo, MST slowed the PCr recovery time constant (PRE: 49 ± 13 and POST: 57 ± 16 seconds, p &lt; .05) and lowered, by ~20% (p = .055), the quadriceps peak rate of oxidative ATP synthesis, but did not significantly alter the oxidation of lipid. Although these, likely qualitative, mitochondrial adaptations are potentially negative in terms of skeletal muscle energetic capacity, they need to be considered in light of the many improvements in muscle function that MST affords older adults.
Self-Efficacy of Older People Using Technology to Self-Manage COPD, Hypertension, Heart Failure, or Dementia at Home: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Chalfont Garuth , Mateus Céu , Varey Sandra , Milligan Christine 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Although telehealth research among the general population is voluminous, the quality of studies is low and results are mixed. Little is known specifically concerning older people and their self-efficacy to engage with and benefit from such technologies. This article reviews the evidence for which self-care telehealth technology supports the self-efficacy of older people with long-term conditions (LTCs) living at home.

Research Design and Methods
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA) guidelines, this overview of systematic reviews focused on four LTCs and the concept of “self-efficacy.” Quality was appraised using R-AMSTAR and study evaluation was guided by the PRISMS taxonomy for reporting of self-management support. Heterogeneous data evidencing technology-enhanced self-efficacy were narratively synthesized.

Results
Five included articles contained 74 primary studies involving 9,004 participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, heart failure, or dementia. Evidence for self-care telehealth technology supporting the self-efficacy of older people with LTCs living at home was limited. Self-efficacy was rarely an outcome, also attrition and dropout rates and mediators of support or education. The pathway from telehealth to self-efficacy depended on telehealth modes and techniques promoting healthy lifestyles. Increased self-care and self-monitoring empowered self-efficacy, patient activation, or mastery.

Discussion and Implications
Future research needs to focus on the process by which the intervention works and the effects of mediating variables and mechanisms through which self-management is achieved. Self-efficacy, patient activation, and motivation are critical components to telehealth’s adoption by the patient and hence to the success of self-care in self-management of LTCs. Their invisibility as outcomes is a limitation.
Community participation and empowerment approaches to Aedes mosquito management in high-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Allen Tammy , Crouch Alan , Topp Stephanie M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High-income countries (HICs) in sub-tropical and tropical regions are at an increasing risk of Aedes mosquito-borne disease (MBD) outbreaks such as dengue fever. As the Aedes mosquito predominately lives and breeds in and around people’s homes, community participation in MBD management is an important part of preventing MBD outbreaks. Historically, government-led strategies have dominated community participation efforts as opposed to strategies co-designed or led by the community. A scoping review was conducted to describe the community participation and empowering approaches used in Aedes mosquito management specifically in HICs, and to identify any reported outcomes of these methods. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature using electronic databases Medline (OVID), Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest—Science and Technology as well as grey literature, found 19 studies that matched the review criteria. The review findings highlight a lack of empirical evidence to inform participatory and empowering approaches to mosquito management in HICs. Moreover, the rationale for using predominantly government-led approaches is not clear. Further research is required to better understand best approaches and barriers to employing empowering approaches in mosquito management in HICs.
Implementation of health education interventions at Dutch music schools
Authors: Baadjou Vera A E , Ackermann Bronwen J , Verbunt Jeanine A M C F , van Eijsden-Besseling Marjon D F , de Bie Rob A , Smeets Rob J E M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing the effects of a biopsychosocial course (PRESTO-Play) vs. physical activity promotion (PRESTO-Fit) to reduce disability related to musculoskeletal disorders in music students. The current study provides an external validation and a formative and process evaluation, allowing for a better interpretation of results. First, a group of experts was asked to complete a structured evaluation of design and content of the trial. Second, quantitative and qualitative data were analysed from different stakeholders (students, therapists and conservatory staff) using questionnaires, logs, field notes and emails to evaluate fidelity, dose delivered, dose received, reach and context. Results are presented descriptively. Two authors independently identified key responses that were merged into themes. Although no difference in disability was found between interventions, closer evaluation revealed that participants in PRESTO-Play reported that they learned about prevention of physical complaints and were more satisfied with course contents compared with PRESTO-Fit. Study design and contents of the interventions were found to be valid, with an appropriate dose delivered. Feedback from students and logs suggested that behavioural change and psychosocial principles in PRESTO-Play might have not been implemented optimally. Only moderate fidelity in both groups and too little contrast between interventions could have influenced results. Low attendance rates and a presumed lack of generalization further decreased possible effectiveness. Context greatly influenced implementation. Implementing a future health course with closer collaboration with the institution could optimize accessibility and communication, encourage attendance and enhance motivation for behavioural change.
Mitochondrial transport mediates survival of retinal ganglion cells in affected LHON patients
Authors: Yang Tien-Chun , Yarmishyn Aliaksandr A , Yang Yi-Ping , Lu Pin-Chen , Chou Shih-Jie , Wang Mong-Lien , Lin Tai-Chi , Hwang De-Kuang , Chou Yu-Bai , Chen Shih-Jen , Yu Wei-Kuang , Wang An-Guor , Hsu Chih-Chien , Chiou Shih-Hwa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The mutations in the genes encoding the subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain are the most common cause of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a maternal hereditary disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. The characteristics of incomplete penetrance indicate that nuclear genetic and environmental factors also determine phenotypic expression of LHON. Therefore, further understanding of the role of mutant mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit proteins and nuclear genetic factors/environmental effects in the etiology of LHON is needed. In this study, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from healthy control, unaffected LHON mutation carrier, and affected LHON patient. hiPSC-derived RGCs were used to study the differences between affected and unaffected carriers of mitochondrial DNA point mutation m.11778G &gt; A in the MT-ND4 gene. We found that both mutated cell lines were characterized by increase in reactive oxygen species production, however, only affected cell line had increased levels of apoptotic cells. We found a significant increase in retrograde mitochondria and a decrease in stationary mitochondria in the affected RGC axons. In addition, the messenger RNA and protein levels of KIF5A in the LHON-affected RGCs were significantly reduced. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine could restore the expression of KIF5A and the normal pattern of mitochondrial movement in the affected RGCs. To conclude, we found essential differences in the mutually dependent processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial transport and apoptosis between two LHON-specific mutation carrier RGC cell lines, asymptomatic carrier and disease-affected, and identified KIF5A as a central modulator of these differences.