bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labour and Time
Authors: Robertson Kellie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChaucer’s depictions of work in the Prologue to his Canterbury Tales have been considered from a variety of critical perspectives: as a parade of fourteenth-century London professions; as part of the long and ultimately conventional tradition of estates satire; and even as the deconstruction of the very idea of psychological self-revelation itself. Yet there is a phenomenological aspect to these representations that can be recovered as well: the pilgrims are creatures in time, their ‘selves’ the product not just of heterogeneous employment histories and professionalized jargon but also of changing cultural assumptions about how labouring bodies were defined with respect to naturalized regimes of time. This chapter explores the ways in which Chaucer exploits the intimate connection between work and time, between the labouring past and the perceiving present. His polytemporal depictions of manual, artisan, and religious livelihoods in the General Prologue suggest that his purpose was less to pass judgement on an individual pilgrim’s work than to reveal how his society’s expectations about labour were based on idealizing, aspirational, or outright fictionalized accounts of past labour practices.
The Role of the Scribe
Authors: Rust Martha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the several roles of the scribe through the lens of the genius figure: the genius of antiquity and especially the character of Genius in Alan of Lille’s The Plaint of Nature. Like Alan’s Genius, scribes are responsible for giving abstract forms material and individualized substance. Like that Genius, Chaucer’s scribes also serve custodial and tutelary functions, assuring the continuity of his work with respect both to its written form in books and to its legibility to readers. Also like Alan’s Genius, these scribes function at times as a mirror or other self of the author whose work they produce. And finally, like the genii loci from which Alan’s Genius descends, the scribes of Chaucer’s work are associated with specific places: namely, the books of his oeuvre they worked to bring forth. In this way, these scribes function as the spirit of the locale each book encloses.
Musical Awakenings: The Experiences of a Queer Music Therapist in the Face of HIV and AIDS
Authors: Lee Colin Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article describes a gay music therapist’s experiences of working with clients living with HIV and AIDS through improvisation and performance. Sessions were held from 1988 to 1991 at London Lighthouse, a center for people facing the challenge of AIDS. Through descriptions of interactions with clients, as well as an audio extract from an actual session itself, the reader can enter into the realities of the music therapy process, which brings together music and loss. The article emphasizes the personal authenticity of the therapist and its meaning for the therapeutic process, and describes the beginnings of Aesthetic Music Therapy, a music-centered model of practice.
Reliability and Validity of the Boston Bedside Quantitative Sensory Testing Battery for Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Koulouris Alexandra E , Edwards Robert R , Dorado Kathleen , Schreiber Kristin L , Lazaridou Asimina , Rajan Sharika , White Jeffrey , Garcia Jenniffer , Gibbons Christopher , Freeman Roy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies suggest that sensory phenotyping may provide critical information for the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic neuropathic pain (NP). However, many formal quantitative sensory testing (QST) paradigms require expensive equipment, a dedicated location, and substantial time commitments on the part of patient and examiner, highlighting the need for a convenient and portable “bedside” QST battery. We developed and tested a bedside QST battery in a sample of patients with chronic NP.MethodsParticipants (N = 51) attended two in-person visits over approximately two weeks, during which they underwent QST using both laboratory-based equipment and simple, easily accessible bedside tools. Participants also completed questionnaires about their daily pain and NP symptoms.ResultsTest–retest reliability estimates were highly statistically significant and did not differ between bedside (mean r = 0.60) and laboratory-based (mean r = 0.72) QST. Bedside QST variables and corresponding laboratory-based QST variables were highly correlated, suggesting adequate criterion validity for the bedside tests.ConclusionsResults from the present study may have important implications for the sensory phenotyping and subsequent management of patients with chronic NP. Implementation of a protocol that uses inexpensive, portable, and convenient tools may allow for the application of QST in variety of clinical settings and advance NP research.
Double-Adjusted Mutual Fund Performance
Authors: Busse Jeffrey A , Jiang Lei , Tang Yuehua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mutual fund returns are significantly related to stock characteristics in the cross-section after controlling for risk via factor models. We develop a new double-adjusted approach that controls for both factor model betas and stock characteristics in one performance measure. The new measure substantially affects performance rankings, with a quarter of funds experiencing a change in their percentile ranking greater than 10. Double-adjusted performance produces strong evidence of persistence in relative performance. Inference based on the new measure often differs, sometimes dramatically, from that based on traditional performance estimates.
Received November 22, 2019; editorial decision June 28, 2020; Editor: Jeffrey Pontiff. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix,which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
A novel antibacterial biomaterial mesh coated by chitosan and tigecycline for pelvic floor repair and its biological performance
Authors: Liang Changyan , Ling You , Wei Feng , Huang Lijie , Li Xiaomao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The biomaterials composed of mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) have a great potential in pelvic floor tissue repair and functional reconstruction. However, bacterial infection does cause great damage to the repair function of biomaterials which is the major problem in clinical utilization. Therefore, the development of biological materials with antimicrobial effect is of great clinical significance for pelvic floor repair. Chitosan/tigecycline (CS/TGC) antibacterial biofilm was prepared by coating CS/TGC nanoparticles on mammalian-derived ECM. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, bacteriostasis circle assay and static dialysis methods were used to characterize the membrane. MTS assay kit and DAPI fluorescence staining were used to evaluate cytotoxicity and cell adhesion. The biocompatibility was assessed by subabdominal implantation model in goats. Subcutaneous antimicrobial test in rabbit back was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and repairing effects on the infected wounds in vivo. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the composite coating had been successfully modified. The antibacterial membrane retained the main structure of ECM multilayer fibers. In vitro release of biomaterials showed sustained release and stability. In vivo studies showed that the antibacterial biological membrane had low cytotoxicity, fast degradation, good compatibility, anti-infection and excellent repair ability.
Spatial Suppression and Sensitivity for Motion in Schizophrenia
Authors: Linares Daniel , Amoretti Silvia , Marin-Campos Rafael , Sousa André , Prades Laia , Dalmau Josep , Bernardo Miquel , Compte Albert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Perceptual spatial suppression is a phenomenon in which the perceived strength of a stimulus in some region of the space is reduced when the stimulus is surrounded by other stimuli. For contrast perception, several studies suggest that spatial suppression is reduced in patients with schizophrenia. For motion perception, only one study has been conducted in a cohort of 16 patients, suggesting that spatial suppression is reduced. It is unknown, however, whether this reduction is related to the lower intelligence quotient (IQ) that schizophrenic patients usually show; as there is evidence that spatial suppression for motion increases with IQ in healthy individuals. Here, we sought to determine the spatial suppression for motion in a larger cohort of 33 patients with schizophrenia, controlling for IQ. We found a weakened spatial suppression in patients with schizophrenia, consistent with the previous study (g = 0.47, CI = [0.055, 0.88], combining the previous and our study). For comparison, we performed a meta-analysis on spatial suppression for contrast and found a similar effect size. We found that patients had a lower IQ than controls, but this difference did not explain their weaker spatial suppression. Further, we found that spatial suppression of patients, but not controls, increased with their IQ and, it decreased with age in both groups. Finally, as we estimated lapses of attention, we could estimate motion sensitivity and found that it was decreased in patients. We speculate about possible alterations in neurotransmission that might explain the reduced spatial suppression and sensitivity that we found.
Medicine as a Lens to Examine Cross-Cultural Encounters: A Study of Medical Missionary Samuel Hayward Ford’s Writings in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand
Authors: Tilson Kate 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Medical missionary Samuel Hayward Ford arrived in New Zealand’s Bay of Islands in the late 1830s, a few years before the formal colonisation of the country. His letters and medical reports to the Committee of the Church Missionary Society revealed the complicated and malleable nature of medicine in the cross-cultural encounter. Through close study of Ford’s writings, this article argues that medicine worked to transform and interweave Māori and missionary worlds in precolonial New Zealand. Experiencing the spread of disease in the Bay of Islands, Ford practised and was influenced by evangelical humanitarianism, and he was also entangled in the politics of empire. More than this, his medicine exposed the missionary objective to transform Māori society, and it showcased not just cultural differences regarding medical knowledge but also the exchange of ideas and treatments between Māori and the missionaries.
“Different Strolls, Different Worlds? Gentrification and its Impact on Outdoor Sex Work”
Authors: Oselin Sharon S , Hail-Jares Katie , Kushida Melanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch reveals mixed findings regarding gentrification’s effects on longtime residents and legal small businesses. There is only minimal examination of the ways in which urban redevelopment impacts illicit outdoor marketplaces, and the studies that do rarely employ a comparative analysis or focus on individual perceptions regarding such changes. Using the case of street-based sex work, this study illuminates how workers in the outdoor trade assess changing work conditions and establishes that such evaluations color workers’ decision-making. We draw on interviews with 51 sex workers of color who are familiar with two divergent sex work “strolls” in Washington, DC. Our findings suggest that participants perceive gentrification as a multifaceted phenomenon that reconfigures their work by altering social support, environmental conditions, and competition, changes which ultimately inform where they ply their trade. This research shows that individuals in illicit outdoor markets consider the ramifications of urban redevelopment on their work and make strategic decisions that have implications for their emotional, physical, and financial well-being.
An Evolving View of Phylogenetic Support
Authors: Simon Chris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIf all nucleotide sites evolved at the same rate within molecules and throughout the history of lineages, if all nucleotides were in equal proportion, if any nucleotide or amino acid evolved to any other with equal probability, if all taxa could be sampled, if diversification happened at well-spaced intervals, and if all gene segments had the same history, then tree building would be easy. But of course, none of those conditions are true. Hence, the need for evaluating the information content and accuracy of phylogenetic trees. The symposium for which this historical essay and presentation were developed focused on the importance of phylogenetic support, specifically branch support for individual clades. Here, I present a timeline and review significant events in the history of systematics that set the stage for the development of the sophisticated measures of branch support and examinations of the information content of data highlighted in this symposium. [Bayes factors; bootstrap; branch support; concordance factors; internode certainty; posterior probabilities; spectral analysis; transfer bootstrap expectation.]
Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials Elicited from Early Visual Cortex Reflect Both Perceptual Color Space and Cone-Opponent Mechanisms
Authors: Kaneko Sae , Kuriki Ichiro , Andersen Søren K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Colors are represented in the cone-opponent signals, L-M versus S cones, at least up to the level of inputs to the primary visual cortex. We explored the hue selective responses in early cortical visual areas through recordings of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), elicited by a flickering checkerboard whose color smoothly swept around the hue circle defined in a cone-opponent color space. If cone opponency dominates hue representation in the source of SSVEP signals, SSVEP amplitudes as a function of hue should form a profile that is line-symmetric along the cardinal axes of the cone-opponent color space. Observed SSVEP responses were clearly chromatic ones with increased SSVEP amplitudes and reduced response latencies for higher contrast conditions. The overall elliptic amplitude profile was significantly tilted away from the cardinal axes to have the highest amplitudes in the “lime-magenta” direction, indicating that the hue representation in question is not dominated by cone-opponency. The observed SSVEP amplitude hue profile was better described as a summation of a perceptual response and cone-opponent responses with a larger weight to the former. These results indicate that hue representations in the early visual cortex, measured by the SSVEP technique, are possibly related to perceptual color contrast.
Skipping a Beat: Heartbeat-Evoked Potentials Reflect Predictions during Interoceptive-Exteroceptive Integration
Authors: Banellis Leah , Cruse Damian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Several theories propose that emotions and self-awareness arise from the integration of internal and external signals and their respective precision-weighted expectations. Supporting these mechanisms, research indicates that the brain uses temporal cues from cardiac signals to predict auditory stimuli and that these predictions and their prediction errors can be observed in the scalp heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP). We investigated the effect of precision modulations on these cross-modal predictive mechanisms, via attention and interoceptive ability. We presented auditory sequences at short (perceived synchronous) or long (perceived asynchronous) cardio-audio delays, with half of the trials including an omission. Participants attended to the cardio-audio synchronicity of the tones (internal attention) or the auditory stimuli alone (external attention). Comparing HEPs during omissions allowed for the observation of pure predictive signals, without contaminating auditory input. We observed an early effect of cardio-audio delay, reflecting a difference in heartbeat-driven expectations. We also observed a larger positivity to the omissions of sounds perceived as synchronous than to the omissions of sounds perceived as asynchronous when attending internally only, consistent with the role of attentional precision for enhancing predictions. These results provide support for attentionally modulated cross-modal predictive coding and suggest a potential tool for investigating its role in emotion and self-awareness.
Gender Representation Matters: Intervention to Solicit Medical Resident Input to Enable Equity in Leadership in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Klein Robin , Law Karen , Koch Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

Problem
Gender equity in leadership across academic medicine remains a concern. The case of chief resident (CR) offers an opportunity to explore novel strategies in leadership selection in graduate medical education (GME). Means of identifying potential candidates for CR often rely on faculty assessment of resident performance, yet implicit gender bias has the potential to influence this assessment.

Approach
To diversify the metrics used in CR selection, an intervention was implemented to solicit resident input to identify candidates for CR at 2 U.S. internal medicine residency programs in 2018 and 2019. This involved a simple, cross-sectional survey of residents in which they were asked to identify individual residents as good candidates for consideration for CR.

Outcomes
There were 298 of 518 internal medicine resident responses to this intervention across sites and years (mean 58.2% response rate). Nomination patterns of residents and program leaders correlated significantly (correlation coefficient 0.62, P < .001). Controlling for site and year, gender was a significant factor associated with who residents nominated for CR (β-coefficient 0.325, P = .004) with women residents more likely to identify women for CR (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.73). Fifty residents nominated themselves for CR, and there was no significant difference by gender (β-coefficient 0.038, P = .91).

Next Steps
Soliciting resident input to identify candidates for CR may enable gender representation of candidates for this position. Influencing candidate choices may be a promising way to impact leadership selection in medicine.
How Do OSCE Cases Activate Learners About Transgender Health?
Authors: Greene Richard E. , Blasdel Gaines , Cook Tiffany E. , Gillespie Colleen 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
To describe the effect of transgender health–related objective structured clinical examination (THOSCE) case exposure on learner activation regarding gender-affirming care.

Method
A modified grounded theory approach was applied to identify the educational value of THOSCE cases. Focus groups with current and former primary care internal medicine residents who participated in THOSCE cases were conducted in 2018–2019. Transcripts were analyzed and coded until saturation to identify themes.

Results
Eighteen (72%) eligible learners participated in the focus groups. Themes were identified relating to gender-affirming care, and modified grounded theory analysis was used as a framework to organize the themes into 4 stages of learner activation: (1) believing the learner role is important, (2) having the confidence and knowledge necessary to take action, (3) taking action to maintain and improve one’s skills, and (4) staying the course even under stress.

Conclusions
Residents were grateful for the opportunity to practice the skills involved in transgender health in a simulation. Many felt unprepared and were concerned about how they were perceived by the standardized patient and faculty. Residents identified feeling more comfortable with gender-affirming language in the inpatient setting, which may provide an opportunity for learning in the future. Residents identified the psychosocial skills of gender-affirming care as more directly relevant while biomedical aspects of gender-affirming care seemed less accessible to residents, given the lack of outpatient experience. The authors propose a staged approach to teaching the skills of gender-affirming care using simulation to address learners of all levels.
The evolution of Covid-19 in Italy during the Summer 2020: analysis and interpretation of an unpredicted rest period
Authors: De Natale Giuseppe , De Natale Lorenzo , Troise Claudia , Somma Renato , Marchitelli Vito , Coviello Antonio , Holmberg Karen G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was particularly invasive in Italy during the period of March to the end of April 2020 then displayed a significant decrease both in the number of infections and in the seriousness of illness throughout the summer of 2020. In this discussion, we measure the seriousness of the disease by the ratio of Intensive Care Units (ICU) spaces occupied by COVID-19 patients and the number of still Active Cases (AC) each month from April to August 2020. We also use the ratio between the number of Deaths (D) and the number of Active Cases. What clearly emerges, from rigorous statistical analysis, is a progressive decrease of both the ratios, indicating progressive mitigation of the disease. This is particularly evident when comparing March-April with July-August; during the summer period the two ratios have become roughly 18 times lower. We test such sharp decreases against possible bias in counting active cases, and we confirm their statistical significance. We then interpret such evidence in terms of the well-known seasonality of the human immune system and the virus-inactivating effect of stronger UV rays in the summer.
Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement: Sources of Error and Solutions
Authors: Devasahayam Suresh , Surekha C. , Baskaran Bowya , Gangadharan Naveen , Mukadam Farhan Adam , Subramani Sathya 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTRationaleIntra-arterial blood pressure measurement is the cornerstone of hemodynamic monitoring in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Accuracy of the measurement is dependent on the dynamic response of the measuring system, defined by its natural frequency (fnatural) and damping coefficient (Zdamping) which are estimated with a Fast-flush test. Locating the experimentally measured fnatural and Zdamping on the plot in the original paper by Gardner (1981) which defined the acceptable limits for these 2 parameters, has long been the only way to determine the accuracy of the pressure measurement.In this paper, we extend the current understanding of the effect of poor dynamic response of the measurement system, enhance the usefulness of Gardner’s plots by providing a numerical value for the error in pressure measurement (for a given set of conditions) and depict the gradation of error value as heat maps, and also demonstrate the usefulness of a tunable filter for error correction.Objectives(i) Estimation of the amplitude of error in pressure measurement through simulations based on real-world data, and development of heat-maps for easy use by physicians to assess if the recording conditions are optimal (ii) A new method to correct the error.Methods and ResultsSimulated blood pressure waveforms of various heart rates and pressure levels were passed through simulated measurement systems with varying fnatural and Zdamping. The numerical errors in systolic and diastolic pressures and mean error in the measured pressure were used to generate heat maps denoting the errors for the various recording conditions, in the same plot as that by Gardner (1981). Performance of a tunable filter to correct the error is demonstrated.ConclusionsIn many clinical settings the measurement of intra-arterial pressure is prone to significant error. The proposed tunable filter is shown to improve the accuracy of intra-arterial pressure recording.