bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of plasma concentrations of paracetamol, metacetamol, and orthocetamol in Japanese racehorses using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ishii Hideaki , Obara Taku , Kijima‐Suda Isao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractParacetamol is used widely as an over‐the‐counter analgesic and antipyretic medication for humans, but not for Japanese racehorses. Paracetamol can be an environmental substance, and is found together with its two isomers, metacetamol and orthocetamol, in equine urine. However, the sources and routes of paracetamol exposure remain unclear. To control the misuse of paracetamol, it is appropriate to establish residue limits for paracetamol to differentiate the administration of paracetamol from its environmental levels. In this study, we developed and validated a quantitative method for paracetamol, metacetamol, and orthocetamol in equine plasma using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry and applied it to postrace samples from 320 Japanese racehorses for approximately 1 year. In addition, we conducted feed analysis and related pharmacokinetics simulations to evaluate the contributions from exposure via feed. The hydrolyzed plasma concentrations of paracetamol, metacetamol, and orthocetamol ranged from 0.787 to 39.8 ng/mL (median 5.87 ng/mL), 0 to 2.13 ng/mL (0.347 ng/mL), and 1.98 to 82.8 ng/mL (16.6 ng/mL), respectively. Such low concentrations of paracetamol were deemed irrelevant to therapeutic effect. Based on statistical analysis, the preliminary Japanese residue limits of unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed paracetamol were determined to be 70.5 ng/mL and 112 ng/mL, respectively, in plasma, at a risk factor of 1 in 10,000. Furthermore, we detected paracetamol and orthocetamol in feed samples. A pharmacokinetics simulation showed that the presence of orthocetamol is most probably related to daily feed rations. As for paracetamol, feed can be one of the sources and other possible sources require further investigation.
Necessary components of psychological treatment in pain management programs: A Delphi study
Authors: Sharpe Louise , Jones Emma , Ashton‐James Claire E. , Nicholas Michael K. , Refshauge Kathryn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are various approaches to the psychological management of chronic pain and it is difficult to know which components of psychological therapies are necessary or desirable for the effective management of chronic pain.MethodsWe conducted a Delphi study to develop a consensus on the necessary and desirable psychological intervention strategies for chronic pain management. First, we identified 49 components of treatments that had been used in a treatment evaluated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) through a systematic review. In the first round of the Delphi process, 23 (32% of 72) authors who had completed RCTs in chronic pain took part. In round 2, these experts plus clinicians working at pain management programs around Australia were invited to take part, and 44 experts completed the study.ResultsThe panel agreed that it was necessary to include psycho‐education, particularly about pain mechanisms and the role of thoughts in maintaining pain. Cognitive approaches were deemed necessary, although the panel did not specify one particular strategy. Finally, approaches to increase activity were deemed necessary, including the strategies of pacing, goal setting and graded exposure. Relaxation training and relapse prevention were also deemed necessary.ConclusionsThere was a consensus that there were many desirable strategies to include in psychological chronic pain management approaches, but that treatments should include psycho‐education, approaches to increase activity and cognitive approaches as a first line of intervention. Where patients fail to benefit from these approaches, experts identified other desirable strategies that could be utilized.SignificanceThe expert consensus indicated that psycho‐education, strategies to increase activity and cognitive therapy strategies were necessary for effective psychological treatment of patients with chronic pain. While other strategies were deemed desirable, psychological treatments should include at least those three components.
Testing of acetaminophen in support of the international multilaboratory in vivo rat Pig‐a assay validation trial
Authors: van der Leede Bas‐jan , Weiner Sandy , Van Doninck Terry , De Vlieger Kathleen , Schuermans Ann , Tekle Fetene , Geys Helena , van Heerden Marjolein , De Jonghe Sandra , Van Gompel Jacky 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcetaminophen, a nonmutagenic compound as previously concluded from bacteria, in vitro mammalian cell, and in vivo transgenic rat assays, presented a good profile as a nonmutagenic reference compound for use in the international multilaboratory Pig‐a assay validation. Acetaminophen was administered at 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg·kg−1·day−1 to male Sprague Dawley rats once daily in 3 studies (3 days, 2 weeks, and 1 month with a 1‐month recovery group). The 3‐Day and 1‐Month Studies included assessments of the micronucleus endpoint in peripheral blood erythrocytes and the comet endpoint in liver cells and peripheral blood cells in addition to the Pig‐a assay; appropriate positive controls were included for each assay. Within these studies, potential toxicity of acetaminophen was evaluated and confirmed by inclusion of liver damage biomarkers and histopathology. Blood was sampled pre‐treatment and at multiple time points up to Day 57. Pig‐a mutant frequencies were determined in total red blood cells (RBCs) and reticulocytes (RETs) as CD59‐negative RBC and CD59‐negative RET frequencies, respectively. No increases in DNA damage as indicated through Pig‐a, micronucleus, or comet endpoints were seen in treated rats. All positive controls responded as appropriate. Data from this series of studies demonstrate that acetaminophen is not mutagenic in the rat Pig‐a model. These data are consistent with multiple studies in other nonclinical models, which have shown that acetaminophen is not mutagenic. At 1,000 mg·kg−1·day−1, Cmax values of acetaminophen on Day 28 were 153,600 ng/ml and 131,500 ng/ml after single and repeat dosing, respectively, which were multiples over that of clinical therapeutic exposures (2.6–6.1 fold for single doses of 4,000 mg and 1,000 mg, respectively, and 11.5 fold for multiple dose of 4,000 mg) (FDA 2002). Data generated were of high quality and valid for contribution to the international multilaboratory validation of the in vivo Rat Pig‐a Mutation Assay.
Inference of natural selection from ancient DNA
Authors: Dehasque Marianne , Ávila-Arcos María C. , Díez-del-Molino David , Fumagalli Matteo , Guschanski Katerina , Lorenzen Eline D. , Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Martin Michael D. , Murray Gemma G. R. , Papadopulos Alexander S. T. , Therkildsen Nina Overgaard , Wegmann Daniel , Dalén Love , Foote Andrew D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEvolutionary processes, including selection, can be indirectly inferred based on patterns of genomic variation among contemporary populations or species. However, this often requires unrealistic assumptions of ancestral demography and selective regimes. Sequencing ancient DNA from temporally spaced samples can inform about past selection processes, as time series data allow direct quantification of population parameters collected before, during, and after genetic changes driven by selection. In this Comment and Opinion, we advocate for the inclusion of temporal sampling and the generation of paleogenomic datasets in evolutionary biology, and highlight some of the recent advances that have yet to be broadly applied by evolutionary biologists. In doing so, we consider the expected signatures of balancing, purifying, and positive selection in time series data, and detail how this can advance our understanding of the chronology and tempo of genomic change driven by selection. However, we also recognize the limitations of such data, which can suffer from postmortem damage, fragmentation, low coverage, and typically low sample size. We therefore highlight the many assumptions and considerations associated with analyzing paleogenomic data and the assumptions associated with analytical methods.
Futuristic Clothes: Electronic Textiles and Wearable Technologies
Authors: Ismar Ezgi , Kurşun Bahadir Senem , Kalaoglu Fatma , Koncar Vladan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis review summarizes the recent developments and importance of wearable electronic textiles in the past decade. Wearable electronic textiles are an emerging interdisciplinary research area that requires new design approaches. This challenging interdisciplinary research field brings together specialists in electronics, information technology, microsystems, and textiles to make an innovation in the development of wearable electronic products. Wearable electronic textiles play a key role among various technologies (clothing, communication, information, healthcare monitoring, military, sensors, magnetic shielding, etc.). In this review, applications of wearable electronic textiles are described, including an investigation of their fabrication techniques. This review highlights the basic processes, possible applications, and main materials to build wearable E‐textiles and combines the fundamentals of E‐textiles for the readers who have different backgrounds. Moreover, reliability, reusability, and efficiency of wearable electronic textiles are discussed together with the opportunities and drawbacks of the wearable E‐textiles that are addressed in this review article.
Acrylate Esters by Ethenolysis of Maleate Esters with Ru Metathesis Catalysts: an HTE and a Technoeconomic Study
Authors: Engl Pascal S. , Tsygankov Alexey , De Jesus Silva Jordan , Lange Jean‐Paul , Copéret Christophe , Togni Antonio , Fedorov Alexey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA high throughput experimentation (HTE) study identified active Ru metathesis catalysts and reaction conditions for the ethenolysis of maleate esters to the respective acrylate esters. Catalysts were tested at various loadings (75–10’000 ppm) and temperatures (30–60 °C) with maleate esters dissolved in toluene (up to ca. 44 wt‐%) or neat and at variable partial pressures of ethylene (0.2–10 bar). Ruthenium catalysts containing a PCy3 ligand, such as 1st or 2nd generation Grubbs catalysts, as well as the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts containing cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands, are generally inferior to Hoveyda–Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst in ethenolysis of maleates. Productive turnover numbers could exceed 1900 if the ethenolysis reaction is performed at low ethylene pressure (0.2–3 bar) and reach 5200 when a polymeric phenol additive was used. Such catalytic performance falls well within the window practiced in industry. Moreover, a crude technoeconomic analysis finds similar production cost for the ethenolysis route and conventional technology, that is, propene oxidation followed by esterification, justifying research to further improve the ethenolysis route.
Circular RNA La‐related RNA‐binding protein 4 correlates with reduced tumor stage, as well as better prognosis, and promotes chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Su Xinyu , Guo Zhe , Jiang Xueqing , Li Xun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the correlation of circular RNA La‐related RNA‐binding protein 4 (circ‐LARP4) with tumor characteristics and prognosis, and its effect on chemosensitivity in breast cancer.MethodsCirc‐LARP4 from tumor and adjacent tissues of 283 female breast cancer patients underwent resection was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Tumor features, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were recorded. In vitro, circ‐LARP4 in human normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cell lines was detected by RT‐qPCR. MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells were transfected with circ‐LARP4 overexpression plasmid (as OE‐Circ group) and control overexpression plasmid (as OE‐Control group). Relative cell viability under different concentrations of doxorubicin was measured.ResultsCirc‐LARP4 was decreased in tumor tissues than adjacent tissues (P < .001). Tumor circ‐LARP4 negatively correlated with tumor size (P = .001), T stage (P = .009), N stage (P = .006), and TNM stage (P < .001), whereas positively correlated with DFS (P = .004) and OS (P < .001). In vitro, circ‐LARP4 was decreased MCF‐7, BT474, MDA‐MB‐231, and MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines than HMEC (allP < .001). Relatively cell viability of MCF‐7 cells (at 20 nmol/L [P < .05], 40 nmol/L [P < .01], 80 nmol/L [P < .05] of doxorubicin) and MDA‐MB‐231 cells (at 120 nmol/L [P < .05], 240 nmol/L [P < .05] of doxorubicin) was decreased in OE‐Circ group than OE‐Control group. IC50value of doxorubicin was decreased in OE‐Circ group than OE‐Control group in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines (bothP < .01).ConclusionCirc‐LARP4 was a potential prognostic biomarker, which might improve the management of breast cancer.
Iodine mediated synthesis of some new imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ashok Dongamanti , Ram Reddy M. , Ramakrishna Katta , Nagaraju Nalaparaju , Dharavath Ravinder , Sarasija Madderla 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, we reported a series of new 2‐(5‐methyl‐1‐aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by using iodine and NH4OAc in good yields. The structures of the titled compounds were characterized by the elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectral analysis. All the titled compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities by using streptomycin and Nystatin as standard drugs. The compounds 3k, 3l, 3g, and 3c exhibited potent activity against the tested bacterial strains and 3k, 3l, and 3c exhibited potent activity against the tested fungal strains than the reference drugs.
Effects of different probiotic combinations on the components and bioactivity of Spirulina
Authors: Yu Jinhui , Ma Deyuan , Qu Shujie , Liu Yunpeng , Xia Han , Bian Fei , Zhang Yan , Huang Chao , Wu Rina , Wu Junrui , You Shengbo , Bi Yuping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpirulina acts as a good dietary nutritional supplement. However, few research studies have been conducted on its fermentation. Three groups of probiotic combinations, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus strains, and their mixture, were used to investigate Spirulina fermentation. The results showed that lactic acid bacteria significantly increased the content of amino acids and the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids in the fermented Spirulina, compared with the unfermented Spirulina, and this trend was enhanced by the strains' mixture. However, compared to unfermented Spirulina, the amino acid levels were significantly decreased after fermentation with Bacillus strains and so was the total free amino acid and essential amino acid content. Fermentation significantly reduced the contents of the offensive components of Spirulina, with significant differences among the three mixed bacterial treatments. Moreover, Bacillus strain fermentation increased the contents of flavonoids and polyphenols compared to the unfermented Spirulina, and significantly enhanced 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐trinitrophenylhydrazine free‐radical scavenging ability and total antioxidant ability. On the contrary, treatments with lactic acid bacteria and the mixture of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus strains endowed the fermented supernatants with good antibacterial ability. The results showed that probiotic fermentation has a good effect on Spirulina and can serve as a new procedure for developing new Spirulina‐containing food items.
El Niño Southern Oscillation‐related precipitation anomaly variability over eastern subtropical South America: Atypical precipitation seasons
Authors: Hurtado Santiago I. , Agosta Eduardo A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrecipitation anomalies over subtropical Argentina in eastern subtropical South America (ESSA) show significant signatures of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the SONDJ (from September to January) season. The correlation maps between seasonal precipitation anomalies and the C‐index show a dipole structure with positive correlation over eastern ESSA and negative over South American convergence zone. Based on principal component analysis, precipitation anomalies within the SONDJ season during ENSO events were discriminated into three categories typical, atypical and nontypical, regarding their precipitation response. Typical (atypical) stands for precipitation anomalies similar (inverse) in comparison to the linear expected anomalies for El Niño or La Niña events. In the period 1979–2016, five (five) typical seasons, two (zero) atypical seasons and six (six) nontypical seasons were recorded under El Niño (La Niña) events. During typical SONDJ seasons under El Niño, precipitation over ESSA is mainly modulated by regional tropospheric circulation anomalies induced by quasi‐stationary Rossby wave propagation from the western South Pacific towards South America. The precipitation anomalies during the two atypical SONDJ seasons in El Niño were overall partly owing to shifts of the sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Pacific, and changes in the Atlantic basin SST anomalies.
Small‐Bowel Adaptation: A Case of Morphological Changes Induced by Teduglutide in Short‐Bowel Syndrome With Intestinal Failure
Authors: Mouillot Thomas , Boehm Vanessa , Treton Xavier , Ferrandi Emilie , Kapel Nathalie , Cazals‐Hatem Dominique , Joly Francisca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTeduglutide (TED) reduces the need for parenteral support (PS) in patients with short‐bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS‐IF). It is a glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analog that improves absorption, induces the expansion of the absorptive epithelium in the small intestine, and may be used in patients with SBS‐IF after a 6‐ to 12‐month adaptation period, if PS is always necessary. We described the functional and morphological effect of TED in a 40‐year‐old female patient with SBS‐IF due to Crohn's disease who underwent terminal jejunostomy after 12 months of drug exposition. Marked hypertrophy of the villi was detected by endoscopic capsule and confirmed by histological measurements. This is the first publication demonstrating an increase in intestinal absorption in an SBS‐IF patient treated with TED because of a morphological adaptation of the small bowel, with hyperplasia confirmed by capsule endoscopy and histology. The capsule endoscopy, a noninvasive exploration of the gut, could be evaluated to monitor the real efficacy of treatments with growth factors in SBS patients.
Determination of oroxylin A, oroxylin A 7‐O‐glucuronide, and oroxylin A sodium sulfonate in beagle dogs by using UHPLC MS/MS Application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Ren Guanghui , Chen Huili , Zhang Mei , Yang Nan , Yang Hui , Xu Chuanru , Li Jiaming , Ning Chen , Song Zhongjin , Zhou Shiyu , Zhang Siliang , Wang Xiaoqian , Lu Yang , Li Ning , Zhang Yongjie , Chen Xijing , Zhao Di 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOroxylin A, obtained from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a flavonoid with antitumor and other pharmacological activities. Our previous studies showed for the first time that it is mainly metabolized to oroxylin A sodium sulfonate by sulfotransferase enzymes in beagle dogs. In this study, rapid, universal, selective, and robust ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods were established and fully validated to quantitatively detect oroxylin A, oroxylin A 7‐O‐glucuronide, and oroxylin A sodium sulfonate in beagle dog plasma. The quantitative analysis for oroxylin A sodium sulfonate was reported for the first time. Plasma samples were processed with acetonitrile, a universal protein precipitant. Gradient elution was performed to resolve carryover effects and to achieve separation efficiency and sufficient chromatographic retention. The linear relationships of oroxylin A, oroxylin A 7‐O‐glucuronide, and oroxylin A sodium sulfonate in plasma were in the range of 2.0–500.0, 5.0–500.0, and 1.881–940.5 ng/mL, respectively. The assay method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study. This is the first paper that reveals the pharmacokinetic profile of oroxylin A, oroxylin A 7‐O‐glucuronide, and oroxylin A sodium sulfonate after single‐dose intravenous and oral administration of Oroxylin A in beagle dogs.
Dynamics of an intense diatom bloom in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, February 2016
Authors: Costa Raul Rodrigo , Mendes Carlos Rafael Borges , Tavano Virginia Maria , Dotto Tiago Segabinazzi , Kerr Rodrigo , Monteiro Thiago , Odebrecht Clarisse , Secchi Eduardo Resende 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiatoms are considered the main base of the Southern Ocean food web as they are responsible for more than 85% of its annual primary production and play a crucial role in the Antarctic trophic structure and in the biogeochemical cycles. Within this context, an intense diatom bloom reaching > 45 mg m−3 of chlorophyll a was registered in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) during a late summer study in February 2016. Given that nutrient concentrations and grazing activities were not identified here as limiting factors on the bloom development, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water column structure (stability and upper mixed layer depth) on the phytoplankton biomass and composition in the NAP. The diatom bloom, mainly composed by the large centric Odontella weissflogii (mostly > 70 μm in length), was associated with a local ocean carbon dioxide uptake that reached values greater than −60 mmol m−2 d−1. We hypothesize that the presence of a vertically large water column stability barrier, just below the pycnocline, was the main driver allowing for the development of the intense diatom bloom, particularly in the Gerlache Strait. Contrarily, a shift from diatoms to dinoflagellates (mainly Gymnodiniales < 20 μm) was observed associated with conditions of a highly stable thin layer. The results suggest that a large fraction of this intense diatom bloom is in fast sinking process, associated with low grazing pressure, showing a crucial role of diatoms for the efficiency of the biological carbon pump in this region.
A Transcriptome Sequencing Study on Genome‐Wide Gene Expression Differences of 3D Cultured Chondrocytes in Hydrogel Scaffolds with Different Gel Density
Authors: Zhang Weiyuan , Xia Yujun , Ling Yang , Yang Wei , Dong Zuo‐Xiang , Wang Dong‐An , Fan Changjiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHydrogel is considered as a promising cell delivery vehicle in cartilage tissue engineering, whose tunable microenvironments may influence the function and fate of encapsulated chondrocytes. Here, the transcriptomes of chondrocytes that are encapsulated and cultured in hydrogel constructs respectively made of 0.8% and 4% alginate solution are investigated. Differences in chondrocyte transcriptome are detected via RNA‐sequencing from these two cultural conditions. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are reflected in extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, cell cycle, proliferation, cartilage development, and so on. Significantly, the expression of DEGs associated with cartilage ECM and cell proliferation are upregulated in 0.8% constructs; whilst the expressions of DEGs involved in cell cycle and matrix degradation are upregulated in 4% constructs. Moreover, interestingly, the expressions of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers are upregulated in 0.8% constructs; while 4% constructs seemingly favor the long‐term maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype. Taken together, this study confirms on transcriptomic level that gel density affects gene expression and phenotype of the encapsulated chondrocytes; therefore, it may provide guidance for future design and fabrication of cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds.