bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildlife conservation strategies should incorporate both taxon identity and geographical context ‐ further evidence with bumblebees
Authors: Ghisbain Guillaume , Michez Denis , Marshall Leon , Rasmont Pierre , Dellicour Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimAmong the numerous anthropogenic pressures threatening biodiversity, habitat destruction and climate change are pointed to as dominant. In response, a number of mitigation strategies are elaborated to save endangered living organisms. However, the taxonomic level and geographical extent at which conservation strategies should be designed and implemented remain generally unclear. Here, we aim to assess and discuss the importance to apply conservation strategies at an appropriate taxonomic scale. For this purpose, we focus our analyses on bumblebees (genus Bombus), a group of critically important and endangered pollinators.LocationWest‐Palaearctic.MethodsWe use a species distribution modelling approach to investigate and compare climatic and habitat‐related variables associated with the distribution of West‐Palaearctic bumblebees. Our analyses are based on a data set gathering more than 125,000 unique observation points for 68 species.ResultsWe highlight species‐specific associations with climatic and land cover variables, depicting the strong relevance of taxon‐specific mitigation strategies for the conservation of those key pollinators. We also identify that the occurrence probability of localized and widespread species is mostly predicted by specific land cover characteristics and climatic conditions, respectively. Finally, we report the general absence of phylogenetic signal associated with the relative importance of each environmental variable in species distribution models, underlining the difficulty to predict species‐specific environmental requirements based on evolutionary relationships.Main conclusionsIn the light of these results, we conclude that climate change and landscape destruction are not expected to drive the fate of all bumblebee species in a same direction, even for phylogenetically close lineages. We argue in favour of geographically and taxonomically adapted conservation strategies and discuss the limitations of untargeted action plans for species with different climatic/habitat requirements.
Intranasal insulin administration decreases cerebral blood flow in cortico‐limbic regions: A neuropharmacological imaging study in normal and overweight males
Authors: Wingrove Jed O. , O'Daly Owen , Forbes Ben , Swedrowska Magda , Amiel Stephanie A. , Zelaya Fernando O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo assess and compare the effects of 160 IU intranasal insulin (IN‐INS) administration on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy male individuals with normal weight and overweight phenotypes.MethodsThirty young male participants (mean age 25.9 years) were recruited and stratified into two cohorts based on body mass index: normal weight (18.5‐24.9 kg/m2) and overweight (25.0‐29.9 kg/m2). On separate mornings participants received 160 IU of IN‐INS using an intranasal protocol and intranasal placebo as part of a double‐blind crossover design. Thirty minutes following administration rCBF data were collected using a magnetic resonance imaging method called pseudocontinuous arterial spin labelling. Blood samples were collected to assess insulin sensitivity and changes over time in peripheral glucose, insulin and C‐peptide.ResultsInsulin sensitivity did not significantly differ between groups. Compared with placebo, IN‐INS administration reduced rCBF in parts of the hippocampus, insula, putamen, parahippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus in the overweight group. No effect was seen in the normal weight group. Insula rCBF was greater in the overweight group versus normal weight only under placebo conditions. Peripheral glucose and insulin levels were not affected by IN‐INS. C‐peptide levels in the normal weight group decreased significantly over time following IN‐INS administration but not placebo.ConclusionInsulin‐induced changes within key regions of the brain involved in gustation, memory and reward were observed in overweight healthy male individuals. Following placebo administration, differences in gustatory rCBF were observed between overweight and normal weight healthy individuals.
Cardiovascular events and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes and multimorbidity: A real‐world study of patients followed for up to 19 years
Authors: Coles Briana , Zaccardi Francesco , Hvid Christian , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo quantify the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and multimorbidity.MethodsThis retrospective study used English primary and secondary care data to identify 120 409 adults newly diagnosed with T2D during 2000–2018 with follow‐up until death or 31 December 2018. Patients were classified according to the level and type of multimorbidity at T2D diagnosis, and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were calculated for each outcome.ResultsIn total, 66 977 (55.6%) patients had T2D only, 37 894 (31.5%) had one co‐morbidity, 11 357 (9.4%) had two co‐morbidities, 3186 (2.6%) patients had three co‐morbidities and 995 (0.8%) patients had four or more co‐morbidities. Co‐morbidities were associated with increased aHRs for all outcomes. Compared with patients with T2D only, at 19 years after diagnosis of T2D the aHR for four or more co‐morbidities was 2.57 (95% CI 2.45‐2.69) for a CVD event, 1.73 (1.68‐1.78) for all‐cause mortality and 2.68 (2.52–2.85) for cardiovascular mortality. Also, 100 183 (83.2%) patients had no CVD co‐morbidities, 16 874 (14.0%) patients had one CVD co‐morbidity and 3352 (2.8%) patients had two or more co‐morbidities. Compared with patients with no CVD co‐morbidities, at 19 years after diagnosis of T2D the aHR for two or more CVD co‐morbidities was 2.42 (2.35‐2.49) for a CVD event, 1.44 (1.42‐1.47) for all‐cause mortality and 2.44 (2.35‐2.54) for cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionIn people with T2D, level of multimorbidity and, in particular, CVD multimorbidity increased the risk of subsequent CVD events, mortality and cardiovascular mortality.
Is routine measurement of the serum C‐reactive protein level helpful during antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot infection?
Authors: Pham Truong‐Thanh , Wetzel Oliver , Gariani Karim , Kressmann Benjamin , Jornayvaz François R. , Lipsky Benjamin A. , Uçkay İlker 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinicians frequently monitor serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels during therapy for diabetic foot infections (DFIs), but evidence supporting this is unclear. Using a database from prospective controlled DFI trials, with fixed duration of antibiotic therapy, we correlated the CRP levels at study enrolment and at end of therapy (EOT). Among 159 DFI episodes, 93 involved the bone and 66 the soft tissues. Overall, treatment cured 122 infections (77%), while 37 episodes (23%) recurred after a median of 53 days. The median CRP in the groups with cure versus failure differed minimally at enrolment (median 67 vs. 81 mg/L) or EOT (7 vs. 10 mg/L). Similarly, there was negligible difference in the percentage of CRP levels that normalized at EOT (39% vs. 35%). In our prospective cohorts, a blunt iterative monitoring of CRP during DFI treatment, without correlation with clinical findings, failed to predict treatment failures.
A phase 3 randomized clinical trial using a once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist in adolescents and young adults with hypothalamic obesity
Authors: Roth Christian L. , Perez Francisco A. , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Elfers Clinton , Yanovski Jack A. , Shoemaker Ashley H. , Abuzzahab M. Jennifer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) in patients with hypothalamic obesity (HO).Materials and MethodsA two‐arm, randomized, multicentre, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted in 10‐ to 25‐year‐olds with hypothalamic injury following intracranial tumour and HO. Participants were randomized to once‐weekly subcutaneous injections of a GLP‐1 RA exenatide 2 mg (ExQW) or placebo for 36 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was 36‐week % change in body mass index (BMI). Secondary outcomes included change in body composition (by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry).ResultsForty‐two participants were randomized to ExQW (n = 23) or placebo (n = 19). Participants were 5 ± 2 years (mean ± SD) postdiagnosis and development of HO (BMI 37.3 ± 7.1 kg/m2). In intention‐to‐treat analysis, the effect of 36‐week ExQW vs. placebo on % Δ BMI was not significant (estimated treatment difference −1.7 ± 1.8%, 95% CI −4.1 to 0.6%, P = .40); however, total body fat mass was reduced (estimated treatment difference −3.1 ± 1.4 kg, 95% CI −5.7 to −0.4 kg, P = .02). There was a significant reduction in waist circumference (estimated effect of treatment −3.5 [95% CI −5.5 to −1.6] cm, P = .004). All patients treated with placebo increased % of adipose tissue, while 50% treated with ExQW had reductions (P < .001). Mean HbA1c, glucose tolerance and serum lipids did not change significantly with therapy. ExQW was well tolerated. The most frequent adverse events were transient gastrointestinal disturbances (ExQW vs. placebo: nausea 6/23 vs. 3/18, vomiting 4/23 vs. 4/18 and diarrhoea 7/23 vs. 3/18).ConclusionsGLP‐1 RAs are a promising and safe treatment to improve or stabilize HO in children and young adults.
Thermographic approach for high cycle fatigue of seam welded steel joints under variable amplitude loadings
Authors: Pierron Quentin , Maitournam Habibou , Raoult Ida 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the automotive field, welded joints are the weak points of the steel parts of the chassis in terms of fatigue. The fatigue strength of arc‐welded parts is generally evaluated using fatigue tests under constant amplitude loadings designed according the Palmgren–Miner rule. In this paper, the relevance of this process is tested with an experimental campaign on welded specimens subjected to various variable amplitude loads. In addition, to solve the recurrent issue of lack of fatigue data, a thermographic method is investigated as an alternative for monitoring the damage rate evolution. A theoretical thermal model is proposed to estimate a local heat source from the infrared thermal measurements during constant and variable amplitude loading tests. This heat source is shown to be correlated with fatigue damage, which provides a further insight on the evolution of damage during nonconstant amplitude fatigue tests.
Influence of acoustics on the collective behaviour of a shoaling freshwater fish
Authors: Short Matt , White Paul R. , Leighton Timothy G. , Kemp Paul S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Understanding how collective behaviour of animals is influenced by anthropogenic activity is important for their conservation in an increasingly urbanised world. River infrastructure, e.g. for transport and electricity generation, and associated construction and operation, produces sound that can disrupt ecological processes.

Adopting a reductionist manipulative experimental approach using Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) as a model shoaling species, we compared the response of individuals and groups of five fish to a broadband acoustic stimulus in a tank containing still water.

Four metrics were calculated 10 min immediately before (control–sound stimulus absent) and during the acoustic treatment: (1) swimming speed, (2) persistence of swim paths, (3) cohesion of the group, and (4) orientation of group members.

On presentation of the stimulus, groups exhibited a consistent escape response compared to individuals for which behaviour was more variable. Thereafter, individuals swam faster and their swim paths were less persistent than during the control; no difference was observed for groups. Conversely, group integrity became more cohesive and members were more likely to orient in a common direction during the treatment compared to the control.

This study provides insight into the importance of collective behaviour of fish in relation to antipredator‐like response to anthropogenic noise. Short‐term shifts in behaviour are context specific and depend on whether fish are members of a shoal or solitary. The results indicate the potential for negative impacts of unnatural sound on the ecology of shoaling species that inhabit engineered freshwater environments.
Sub‐Permil Interlaboratory Consistency for Solution‐Based Boron Isotope Analyses on Marine Carbonates
Authors: Gutjahr Marcus , Bordier Louise , Douville Eric , Farmer Jesse , Foster Gavin L. , Hathorne Ed C. , Hönisch Bärbel , Lemarchand Damien , Louvat Pascale , McCulloch Malcolm , Noireaux Johanna , Pallavicini Nicola , Rae James W. B. , Rodushkin Ilia , Roux Philippe , Stewart Joseph A. , Thil François , You Chen‐Feng 
Published: October 2020

Boron isotopes in marine carbonates are increasingly used to reconstruct seawater pH and atmospheric pCO2 through Earth’s history. While isotope ratio measurements from individual laboratories are often of high quality, it is important that records generated in different laboratories can equally be compared. Within this Boron Isotope Intercomparison Project (BIIP), we characterised the boron isotopic composition (commonly expressed in δ11B) of two marine carbonates: Geological Survey of Japan carbonate reference materials JCp‐1 (coral Porites) and JCt‐1 (giant clam Tridacna gigas). Our study has three foci: (a) to assess the extent to which oxidative pre‐treatment, aimed at removing organic material from carbonate, can influence the resulting δ11B; (b) to determine to what degree the chosen analytical approach may affect the resultant δ11B; and (c) to provide well‐constrained consensus δ11B values for JCp‐1 and JCt‐1. The resultant robust mean and associated robust standard deviation (s*) for un‐oxidised JCp‐1 is 24.36 ± 0.45‰ (2s*), compared with 24.25 ± 0.22‰ (2s*) for the same oxidised material. For un‐oxidised JCt‐1, respective compositions are 16.39 ± 0.60‰ (2s*; un‐oxidised) and 16.24 ± 0.38‰ (2s*; oxidised). The consistency between laboratories is generally better if carbonate powders were oxidatively cleaned prior to purification and measurement.
Total factor productivity of urban land use in China
Authors: Yang Kui , Zhong Taiyang , Zhang Yu , Wen Qi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious studies pay little attention to the role of technological progress in measuring urban land use efficiency, and ignore the interactions among total factor productivity, technological progress, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in the process of urban land use. To narrow the gaps, this research uses the Malmquist index approach to measure and decompose urban land use total factor productivity and a panel vector autoregressive model (PVAR) to investigate the interactions among urban land use total factor productivity, technological progress, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency in China from 2003 to 2016. This study shows that the overall urban land use efficiency increased at an annual growth rate of 0.7% in China from 2003 to 2016 while the growth rate of urban land use efficiency has generally decreased, which is reflected by the total factor productivity of urban land use. The total factor productivity fluctuates between 0.952 and 1.083 with a downward trend in 2003–2016. Technological progress, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency all have positive effects on the improvement of urban land use efficiency, and there are differences in the order and degree of promotion. The improvement of scale efficiency is the most important measure to ensure the efficient use of urban land resources in the future.
The Health and Productivity Burden of Migraines in Australia
Authors: Tu Susan , Liew Danny , Ademi Zanfina , Owen Alice J. , Zomer Ella 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify the health and productivity burden of migraines in Australia, measured by quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), productivity‐adjusted life years (PALYs, a novel measure of productivity), and associated health‐care and broader economic costs.MethodsA Markov state‐transition model was constructed to simulate follow‐up of Australians aged 20‐64 years over the next 10 years. The model was first run using current prevalence estimates of migraine. It was then rerun assuming that people with migraine hypothetically did not have the condition. Differences in outcomes between the 2 model simulations represented the health and productivity burden attributable to migraine. All data inputs were obtained from published sources. Gross domestic product (GDP) per equivalent full‐time worker in Australia was used to reflect the cost of each PALY (AU$177,092). Future costs and outcomes were discounted by 5% annually.ResultsCurrently, 1,274,319 million (8.5%) Australians aged 20‐64 years have migraine. Over the next 10 years, migraine was predicted to lead to a loss of 2,577,783 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2,054,980 to 3,000,784) QALYs among this cohort (2.02 per person and 2.43% of total QALYs), and AU$1.67 (95% CI $1.16 to $2.37) billion in health‐care costs (AU$1313 per person, 95% CI $914 to $1862). There would also be 384,740 (95% CI 299,102 to 479,803) PALYs lost (0.30 per person and 0.53% of total PALYs), resulting in AU$68.13 (95% CI $44.42 to $98.25) billion of lost GDP (AU$53,467 per person, 95% CI $34,855 to $77,102).ConclusionMigraines impose a substantial health and economic burden on Australians of working age. Funding interventions that reduce the prevalence of migraines and/or its effects are likely to provide sound return on investment.
A meta‐analysis of the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wang Bin , Yu Mingyang , Zhang Rongguang , Chen Shuaiyin , Xi Yuanlin , Duan Guangcai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the reported researches have given conflicting results.AimsTo investigate the association between H pylori infection and risk of atherosclerotic CVD.Materials and MethodsThe studies were retrieved in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science (published from Jan 1, 1990, to Jan 31, 2020, language restrictions: English). All studies included used data from case‐control studies and cohort studies of cardiovascular adverse events. Random effect models were used to measure pooled estimates. All data were analyzed with Stata 11.2 SE (StataCorp, College Station, TX).ResultsHelicobacter pylori infection increased the risk of adverse cardiovascular events by 51% (40 studies, n = 19 691, odd ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34‐1.70). The effect was greater for studies that the type of CVDs was myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular disease (MI OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.42‐2.26, cerebrovascular disease OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.27‐1.89). Meanwhile, CagA seropositive H pylori strains were associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events based on published research data (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.40‐2.14).ConclusionIn conclusion, H pylori infection enhanced the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular adverse events, especially in some patients with MI and cerebrovascular disease. This study will provide guidance for the targeted prevention and treatment of CVDs. But this association need to be confirmed by more prospective studies.
Dendritic cell‐derived TGF‐β mediates the induction of mucosal regulatory T‐cell response to Helicobacter infection essential for maintenance of immune tolerance in mice
Authors: Owyang Stephanie Y. , Zhang Min , El‐Zaatari Mohamad , Eaton Kathryn A. , Bishu Shrinivas , Hou Guoqing , Grasberger Helmut , Kao John Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection leads to regulatory T‐cell (Treg) induction in infected mice, which contributes to H. pylori immune escape. However, the mechanisms responsible for H. pylori induction of Treg and immune tolerance remain unclear. We hypothesized DC‐produced TGF‐β may be responsible for Treg induction and immune tolerance.Materials and MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we generated TGF‐β∆DC mice (CD11c+ DC‐specific TGF‐β deletion) and assessed the impact of DC‐specific TGF‐β deletion on DC function during Helicobacter infection in vitro and in vivo. To examine the T cell–independent DC function, we crossed TGF‐β∆DC mice onto Rag1KO background to generate TGF‐β∆DCxRag1KO mice.ResultsWhen stimulated with H. pylori, TGF‐β∆DC BMDC/splenocyte cocultures showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines compared to control, indicating a proinflammatory DC phenotype. Following 6 months of H. felis infection, TGF‐β∆DC mice developed more severe gastritis and a trend toward more metaplasia compared to TGF‐βfl/fl with increased levels of inflammatory Th1 cytokine mRNA and lower gastric H. felis colonization compared to infected TGF‐βfl/fl mice. In a T cell–deficient background using TGF‐β∆DCxRag1KO mice, H. felis colonization was significantly lower when DC‐derived TGF‐β was absent, revealing a direct, innate function of DC in controlling H. felis infection independent of Treg induction.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that DC‐derived TGF‐β mediates Helicobacter‐induced Treg response and attenuates the inflammatory Th1 response. We also demonstrated a previously unrecognized innate role of DC controlling Helicobacter colonization via a Treg‐independent mechanism. DC TGF‐β signaling may represent an important target in the management of H. pylori.
Effects of light‐emitting diode illumination on the quality of fresh‐cut cherry tomatoes during refrigerated storage
Authors: Kong Dehui , Zhao Wenting , Ma Yue , Liang Hao , Zhao Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe effects of light‐emitting diode (LED) illumination on the quality of fresh‐cut cherry tomatoes were investigated. Tomatoes were exposed continuously to red, green, blue and white LED light for 7 days and control samples stored in darkness. Results showed that blue light treatment significantly led to more total soluble solids, lycopene concentration and individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin) after 7 days of storage. On day‐5, green and blue light‐treated tomatoes showed relatively higher firmness than samples treated by other lights and the control. At the early stage of storage, blue light could preserve the fresh flavour of tomatoes compared to other treatments. Overall, the blue light was most effective in the quality preservation of fresh‐cut cherry tomatoes and could be used as a novel strategy in the preservation of fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables during shelf life.