bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ultrasound Competency Assessment Tool (UCAT): Development and Evaluation of a Novel Competency‐based Assessment Tool for Point‐of‐care Ultrasound
Authors: Bell Colin , Hall Andrew K. , Wagner Natalie , Rang Louise , Newbigging Joseph , McKaigney Conor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has become an integral diagnostic and interventional tool. Barriers to POCUS training persist, and it continues to remain heterogeneous across training programs. Structured POCUS assessment tools exist, but remain limited in their feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity; none of these tools are entrustment‐based. The objective of this study was to derive a simple, entrustment‐based POCUS competency assessment tool and pilot it in an assessment setting.MethodsThis study was composed of two phases. First, a three‐step modified Delphi design surveyed 60 members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians Emergency Ultrasound Committee (EUC) to derive the anchors for the tool. Subsequently, the derived ultrasound competency assessment tool (UCAT) was used to assess trainee (N = 37) performance on a simulated FAST examination. The intraclass correlation (ICC) for inter‐rater reliability and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency were calculated. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the UCAT to other competency surrogates.ResultsThe three‐round Delphi had 22, 26, and 26 responses from the EUC members. Consensus was reached, and anchors for the domains of preparation, image acquisition, image optimization, and clinical integration achieved approval rates between 92 and 96%. The UCAT pilot revealed excellent inter‐rater reliability (with ICC values of 0.69‐0.89; p < 0.01) and high internal consistency (α = 0.91). While UCAT scores were not impacted by level of training, they were significantly impacted by the number of previous POCUS studies completed.ConclusionsWe developed and successfully piloted the UCAT, an entrustment‐based bedside POCUS competency assessment tool suitable for rapid deployment. The findings from this study indicate early validity evidence for the use of the UCAT as an assessment of trainee POCUS competence on FAST. The UCAT should be trialed in different populations performing several POCUS study types.
Train for the Game: What Is the Learning Environment of Deployed Navy Emergency Medicine Physicians?
Authors: Hurst Nicole D. , Durning Steven J. , Cervero Ronald M. , Morrison Ponce Daphne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesMedicine is a practice characterized by ongoing learning, and unique qualities of the operational learning environment (LE) may affect learner needs. When physicians move between differing practice environments learners may encounter situations for which they are unprepared. Using a conceptual framework specific to the LE, we therefore asked the following research question: what is the difference in LE for Navy emergency medicine (EM) physicians who practice in U.S. hospitals but serve an operational environment, and how do these differences shape their learning needs?MethodsWe interviewed Navy EM physicians who recently deployed to explore their perceptions of the deployed LE, how it differed from the LE they practice in stateside, and the perceived effect this difference had on their learning needs. We used the constant comparative method to gather and analyze data until thematic saturation was achieved.ResultsWe interviewed 12 physicians and identified six interconnected themes consistent with the LE framework in the literature: 1) patient care is central to the learning experience; 2) professional isolation versus connectedness; 3) a sense of meaningful practice engages the learner in the LE; 4) physicians as educators shape the LE; 5) team trust impacts the LE; and 6) the larger military organization impacts the LE.ConclusionsOur themes span the conceptual framework put forth by previous work and did not find themes outside this framework. These interconnected themes describe the difference in LE between the stateside and deployed setting and impact the learning needs of Navy EM physicians. These results inform strategies to position the deployed medical unit for success.
Minimizing Polymer Band Gap via Donor‐Acceptor Frameworks: Poly(dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole‐alt‐thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine)s as Illustrative Examples of Challenges and Misconceptions
Authors: Evenson Sean J. , Mulholland Michael E. , Anderson Trent E. , Rasmussen Seth C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDonor‐acceptor (D−A) frameworks have been produced via the copolymerization of the strong donor dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole (DTP) with ambipolar thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine (TP) units to generate soluble, processible materials with band gaps as low as 0.8 eV. Optical and electronic characterization of the DTP‐TP copolymers illustrate common misconceptions in the relative contributions of the comonomers to the D‐A framework, as well as highlighting the challenges of minimizing band gap while also retaining desirable frontier orbital energies for application to technological devices.
Network analysis as a tool to understand social development in spider monkeys
Authors: Boeving Emily R. , Rodrigues Michelle A. , Nelson Eliza L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe emerging field of network science has demonstrated that an individual's connectedness within their social network has cascading effects to other dimensions of life. Like humans, spider monkeys live in societies with high fission–fusion dynamics, and are remarkably social. Social network analysis (SNA) is a powerful tool for quantifying connections that may vary as a function of initiating or receiving social behaviors, which has been described as shifting social roles. In primatology, the SNA literature is dominated by work in catarrhines, and has yet to be applied to the study of development in a platyrrhine model. Here, SNA was utilized in combination with R‐Index social role calculation to characterize social interaction patterns in juvenile and adult Colombian spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps rufiventris). Connections were examined across five behaviors: embrace, face‐embrace, grooming, agonism, and tail‐wrapping from 186 hr of observation and four network metrics. Mann–Whitney U tests were utilized to determine differences between adult and juvenile social network patterns for each behavior. Face‐embrace emerged as the behavior with different network patterns for adults and juveniles for every network metric. With regard to social role, juveniles were receivers, not initiators, for embrace, face‐embrace, and grooming (ps < .05). Network and social role differences are discussed in light of social development and aspects of the different behaviors.
Recovery of the crucian carp Carassius carassius (L.): Approach and early results of an English conservation project
Authors: Sayer Carl D. , Emson Dave , Patmore Ian R. , Greaves Helen M. , West William P. , Payne Jonathan , Davies Gareth D. , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Wiseman Glen , Cooper Bernard , Grapes Tim , Cooper George , Copp Gordon H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The crucian carp Carassius carassius, a cyprinid fish characteristic of small ponds, is in decline throughout most of its European range, including in England where it is currently thought to be non‐native.
The present study, undertaken by the Norfolk Crucian Project, reports on reductions in pond populations of crucian carp in Norfolk, eastern England as well as the success of recent introduction/re‐introduction efforts in terms of crucian survival, recruitment and growth over the last 10 years.
A 72% decline in crucian carp distribution was observed between the 1950s–1980s and the 2010s. Of 18 crucian carp introductions/re‐introductions to restored and suitable existing ponds, 17 were successful in terms of survival, increasing the number of current crucian sites in Norfolk by 37%. Recruitment of young crucian carp was demonstrated for 12 of the 18 stocked ponds, with apparent elevated juvenile growth relative to other English and European populations.
Delays in, or a lack of, crucian recruitment in some ponds appeared to result from the presence of other fish species (especially threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus) with predation and interspecific competition possible contributory factors.
This study shows that, through combinations of pond rehabilitation and stocking, it has been possible to achieve a substantial recovery of crucian carp populations in the study region. Although the crucian carp is currently presumed to be non‐native within England, given other scientific studies that show a lack of adverse impacts of this species on native biota, and because it is greatly threatened in its native range, the call is sounded for more crucian carp conservation projects in other parts of England as well as in Europe more generally.
Nickel Alloying Significantly Enhances the Power Density of Ruthenium‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Morag Ahiud , Shauloff Nitzan , Maman Nitzan , Froumin Natalya , Ezersky Vladimir , Jelinek Raz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Raz Jelinek at Ben‐Gurion University. The cover picture shows the incorporation of Ni in the RuO2‐based supercapacitor through a simple electrochemical process. Nickel incorporation affected both the morphology and electrochemical performance, particularly enabling operation of the supercapacitor in high current densities and high frequencies. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/batt.202000110.
Application of three dimensional (3D) curved multi‐planar reconstruction images in 3D printing mold assisted eyebrow arch keyhole microsurgery
Authors: Li Sheng‐Jun , Wang Fang , Chen Wei , Su Ying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe application of multi‐planar reconstruction of three dimensional (3D) curved surface in microsurgery of 3D printing mold assisted eyebrow arch keyhole approach was studied.MethodsEighty patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent treatment at our hospital were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: the traditional eyebrow keyhole approach microsurgery group (38 cases in the conventional treatment group) and the three‐dimensional curved surface multi‐plane reconstruction image combined with 3D printing technology assisted eyebrow keyhole approach microsurgery group (42 cases in the 3D printing assisted treatment group). The Hunt‐Hess classification was used to make a preliminary estimation of the patient's condition. The 3D curved multi‐planar reconstruction method was used to assist the surgical plan; CT scan was used to establish a 3D printing mold, and the patient's condition and surgical plan were accurately analyzed before surgery. The operative time and the size of the incision area were recorded; postoperative GOS score and postoperative complications were statistically investigated.ResultsThe 3D printing assisted treatment group (70.13 ± 15.56), (411.26 ± 10.38) mm2, the operative time and incision area were significantly shorter than the conventional treatment group (120.35 ± 20.46), (663.55 ± 13.54) mm2, p < .05); the GOS score showed that the 3D printing‐assisted treatment group was significantly higher than the conventional treatment group (p < .05). The postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the 3D print‐assisted treatment group (9.52%) than in the conventional treatment group (47.36%, p < .05); the cure of intracranial aneurysms in the 3D printing assisted treatment group was more thorough than that in the conventional treatment group, and the difference was significant (p < .05).ConclusionCompared with the conventional eyebrow arch‐hole approach microsurgery, the 3D surface multi‐planar reconstruction image combined 3D printing assisted technology was safer and more effective, and the postoperative recovery was better and the incidence of complications was lower.
Noncanonical Amino Acids in Synthetic Biosafety and Post‐translational Modification Studies
Authors: Gang Donghyeok , Park Hee‐sung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) has been extensively studied because of its broad applicability. In the past decades, various in vitro and in vivo ncAA incorporation approaches have been developed to generate synthetic recombinant proteins. Herein, we discuss the methodologies for ncAA incorporation, and their use in diverse research areas, such as in synthetic biosafety and for studies of post‐translational modifications.
A case of hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome with a novel frameshift variant in GATA3, p.W10Cfs40, lacks kidney malformation
Authors: Kishi Haruka , Jojima Teruo , Kogai Takahiko , Iijima Toshie , Ohira Eriko , Tanuma Dai , Konno Sachiyo , Kato Kanako , Kezuka Atsumi , Akimoto Kazumi , Sakumoto Junko , Hishinuma Akira , Tomaru Takuya , Makita Noriko , Usui Isao , Aso Yoshimasa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAutosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome are typically diagnosed by manifestations of the three features with a positive family history. Our case carried a de novo variant in causative gene, GATA3, but presenting no renal dysplasia or family history. The phenotypic heterogeneity raises a caution for diagnosis.
Discovery of Homobivalent Bitopic Ligands of the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor**
Authors: Morales Paula , Navarro Gemma , Gómez‐Autet Marc , Redondo Laura , Fernández‐Ruiz Javier , Pérez‐Benito Laura , Cordomí Arnau , Pardo Leonardo , Franco Rafael , Jagerovic Nadine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSingle chemical entities with potential to simultaneously interact with two binding sites are emerging strategies in medicinal chemistry. We have designed, synthesized and functionally characterized the first bitopic ligands for the CB2 receptor. These compounds selectively target CB2 versus CB1 receptors. Their binding mode was studied by molecular dynamic simulations and site‐directed mutagenesis.
Vergleich von Berechnungsmethoden des TUM‐WelChem‐Zellenmodells für die Querverteilung in Füllkörperschüttungen
Authors: Winkler Thomas , Wasensteiner Josef , Kender Robert , Klein Harald , Rehfeldt Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDie Flüssigkeitsmaldistribution für eine Ø1,2 m‐Füllkörperkolonne wird mit dem TUM‐WelChem‐Zellenmodell simuliert und mit Experimentaldaten verglichen. Untersucht werden die Füllkörper Raflux Ring 50‐5 Metall, Hiflow® Ring 50‐6 Kunststoff und RVT Metall Sattel Ring 50‐4. Es werden zwei Berechnungsmethoden für die Modellierung der Querverteilung auf einer Zellebene angewandt: eine sequenzielle und eine simultane Methode. Eine Paritätsanalyse und die Auswertung der relativen Abweichung der Berechnungen zu den Versuchsergebnissen liefern Erkenntnisse über Annahmen und Gültigkeiten des Modells.
Microporous adsorbent from winemaking waste for the recovery of Mn(VII) in liquid solutions
Authors: Alcaraz Lorena , Alguacil Francisco J. , López Félix A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicroporous activated carbon (MAC) was synthesized from winemaking waste and was used to adsorb Mn(VII) from aqueous solutions under various experimental conditions. Moreover, Mn(VII) adsorption on MAC was compared to other adsorbents and an ion‐exchange resin, as well as those of other anionic complexes. Langmuir type‐1 isotherm best fitted the adsorption process, whereas for all the studied temperatures (30°C‐60°C), the experimental data fitted well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The calculated activation energy was 8.1 kJ · mol−1, suggesting that Mn(VII) adsorption onto the MAC was a physical adsorption driven process. A reduction of Mn(VII) to Mn(II) occurs at a pH of 1 with the precipitation of MnO2. Mn(VII) recovery from loaded‐activated carbon using acidic conditions and different variables was investigated.
Optimization of the loading patterns of silica gels for o‐xylene recovery by vacuum swing adsorption
Authors: Li Xingang , Zheng Chenggong , Wang Zeli , Sui Hong , He Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe key step for the adsorption‐desorption engineering process is the reversible in‐situ desorption of the adsorbent without VOCs (volatile organic compounds) accumulation. Our previous results show that the mesoporous silica gel performs well in adsorbing and desorbing the VOCs due to their capillary condensation in the mesopores. However, the microporous silica performs better in adsorbing though poorer in desorbing VOCs because of the direct interaction between VOCs molecules and the adsorbent wall in the micropores. Herein, the adsorption and desorption of o‐xylene on two silica gels (SG) with different pore size distribution by vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) has been systematically studied. The equilibrium adsorption and desorption experiments of two kinds of silica gels at different loading heights in fixed bed show that the concentration front of o‐xylene in microporous SG disperses slowly. However, the concentration front of o‐xylene in mesoporous SG is significantly dispersed. To improve the overall efficiency of adsorption‐desorption, the mesoporous and microporous SGs are loaded together in the fixed bed. It was found that the increase in the microporous SG loading percentage facilitated the adsorption capacity but deteriorated its desorption efficiency, while the opposite occurs to the mesoporous SG. After optimization, it was observed that minimal energy consumption (1.295 kWh/m3 VOCs gas) was used when the adsorption column is loaded with 60% SG B at the inlet and 40% of the SG A at the outlet end for o‐xylene vapour adsorption. This finding will be useful for designing adsorbent loading in the adsorption column.
Sustainable polymer reaction engineering: Are we there yet?
Authors: Dubé Marc A. , Gabriel Vida A. , Pakdel Amir S. , Zhang Yujie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolymers are a class of materials that provide unparalleled benefits to humanity, fulfilling countless needs in an exceedingly broad range of applications. Because of their ubiquity and current ways of producing them, polymers also pose significant challenges to the environment. Inspired by a previous publication on sustainable polymer reaction engineering, an update is provided on the latest trends in the use of renewable starting materials for polymers, efforts in process intensification and water‐based polymerization, as well as approaches to dealing with the end of the polymers' application life. We seek to answer the question about how far along we are regarding the achievement of completely sustainable polymer processes.
State‐of‐the‐art consensus on non‐transvenous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy
Authors: Schukro Christoph , Santer David , Prenner Günther , Stühlinger Markus , Martinek Martin , Teubl Alexander , Moertl Deddo , Schwarz Stefan , Nürnberg Michael , Fiedler Lukas , Hatala Robert , Khazen Cesar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWithin the last decade, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) systems with non‐transvenous leads were developed in order to minimize complications related to the cardiovascular position of transvenous ICD leads. This national expert consensus gives an overview of potential indications for the implantation of non‐transvenous ICD systems, and provides specific recommendations for implantation, follow‐up, and complication management in patients with subcutaneous ICD. Regarding particular issues like the necessity for shock efficacy testing, or the clinical outcome as compared to transvenous ICD, randomized data are expected in the near future.
Efficient sampling for polynomial chaos‐based uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis using weighted approximate Fekete points
Authors: Burk Kyle M. , Narayan Akil , Orr Joseph A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPerforming uncertainty quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analysis (SA) is vital when developing a patient‐specific physiological model because it can quantify model output uncertainty and estimate the effect of each of the model's input parameters on the mathematical model. By providing this information, UQ and SA act as diagnostic tools to evaluate model fidelity and compare model characteristics with expert knowledge and real world observation. Computational efficiency is an important part of UQ and SA methods and thus optimization is an active area of research. In this work, we investigate a new efficient sampling method for least‐squares polynomial approximation, weighted approximate Fekete points (WAFP). We analyze the performance of this method by demonstrating its utility in stochastic analysis of a cardiovascular model that estimates changes in oxyhemoglobin saturation response. Polynomial chaos (PC) expansion using WAFP produced results similar to the more standard Monte Carlo in quantifying uncertainty and identifying the most influential model inputs (including input interactions) when modeling oxyhemoglobin saturation, PC expansion using WAFP was far more efficient. These findings show the usefulness of using WAFP based PC expansion to quantify uncertainty and analyze sensitivity of a oxyhemoglobin dissociation response model. Applying these techniques could help analyze the fidelity of other relevant models in preparation for clinical application.
A Series of Green Light Absorbing Organic Photosensitizers Capable of Oxidative Quenching Photocatalysis
Authors: Bobo M. Victoria , Arcidiacono Ashley M. , Ayare Pooja J. , Reed Jordan C. , Helton Maizie R. , Ngo Thi , Hanson Kenneth , Vannucci Aaron K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn order to design a series of photoredox compounds with a broad range of reactivity, eosin Y, a xanthene derivative, was chosen as a precursor to synthesize a new series of organic photocatalysts. The synthesis and characterization of these four new organic photocatalysts was undertaken. Redox potentials of this series of photocatalysts varied by 110 mV, which shows that these catalysts can be tuned for specific reactions. The measured fluorescence quantum yields ranged from 0.33 to 0.65 which outperform most transition metal photocatalysts. The excited state lifetimes (ns) of the new photocatalysts are comparable to those of the parent complex, but the λmax value for absorption was red‐shifted into the green light region of the solar spectrum. Despite the absorbance shift to lower energy wavelengths, the new photocatalysts were more potent reductants compared to the parent complex and were able to undergo oxidative quenching and promote the photocatalytic enol arylation reaction.
Spin‐Glass‐Like Freezing Behavior and Magnetic Anisotropy in GdVO4 Single Crystal
Authors: Ruan Mingyue , Wang Lei , Li Yuhong , Ouyang Zhongwen , Chen Hongshan , Zheng Yanzhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe systematic magnetic properties in the zircon‐type GdVO4 single crystal are reported herein. Antiferromagnetic (AFM)‐ordered GdVO4 single crystal presents an upturn below 150 K in the H/M curves. With the decreasing of the field, the upturn behavior enhances which is probably due to spin‐glass‐like behavior that exists in this system. The short‐range order related spin‐glass‐like feature is also observed in the time‐dependent magnetization relaxation. Furthermore, the M (T) and M (H) curves of the single crystal reveal an anisotropic character with two different spin‐flop transitions along the c axis (1 T) and the a, b axes (1.7 T). Combining the high‐frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement and the structure analysis, the main cause of the magnetic anisotropy can be explained as the contribution of the exchange coupling anisotropy due to the asymmetrical environment of the Gd3+ ions.