bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hair loss due to scalp ringworm irradiation in childhood: health and psychosocial risks for women
Authors: Hoffer Liat , Shvarts Shifra , Segal-Engelchin Dorit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Until 1960, hundreds of thousands of children worldwide had been treated for scalp ringworm by epilation via irradiation. The discovery of late health effects in adulthood prompted investigation of the medical aspects of irradiation in childhood and led to the establishment of strict protocols for the use of X-ray irradiation. These studies ignored alopecia, which affects some individuals who underwent irradiation for scalp ringworm as children. This study examined the impact of alopecia due to irradiation for scalp ringworm on the health and psychosocial status of affected women.

Methods
We analysed a random sample of 130 medical files of women recognised by Israel’s state committees as suffering from permanent hair loss as a result of scalp ringworm irradiation in childhood. The coded medical data included demographic variables, self-reported mental health conditions, self-reported physical health conditions, self-reported social conditions, and spousal relationship.

Results
Compared with the general population of women in Israel, research participants reported significantly higher rates of depression, anti-depressant and/or anti-anxiety drug use, psychotherapy or psychiatric hospitalisation, attempted suicide, migraines, cancer, and divorce. Many described humiliating social experiences due to their appearance, both in childhood and adulthood, that led them to curtail their social interactions. The participants also reported that alopecia negatively affected their spousal relationships.

Conclusions
Life with hair loss from scalp ringworm irradiation in childhood has a negative impact on women’s health status and psychosocial state. Health policy-makers must broaden their approach to women who underwent scalp ringworm irradiation by addressing the effects of their hair loss in addition to the effects of the radiation treatment per se. This may be achieved by guiding physicians who provide medical services to these women to take into account the psychosocial and health risks related to hair loss in their diagnosis and treatment as well as by creating a cadre of specially trained mental health professionals who can address their unique psychosocial needs. They must also consider including the specialized mental health services tailored for these women’s unique needs in the Healthcare Basket.
Major birth defects in the Brazilian side of the triple border: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: de Souza Suzana , Nampo Fernando Kenji , Pestana Cezar Rangel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor birth defects increase the risk of fetal death and pediatric hospitalization, which also impact on healthcare costs. Sociodemographic factors can drastically affect reproductive health and be used to discriminate the exposure to hidden risk factors. Foz do Iguassu is a Brazilian city located in the triple-border region of Brazil / Paraguay / Argentina with high rates of birth defects. However no study aimed to verify factors associated with this incidence or preventive care is reported. The current work investigated the prevalence of major birth defects and its association with maternal sociodemographic factors in Foz do Iguassu.MethodsIn this population-based cross-sectional study we used data of all live births occurred in Foz do Iguassu from 2012 to 2017. The associated sociodemographic variables such as maternal age, maternal education, maternal race, country of residence, maternal parity and onset of prenatal care were analyzed. Each major birth defect was described according to absolute and relative frequencies, Kruskal-Wallis and logistic regression models were used to evaluate variables associated with selected birth defects.ResultsThe most prevalent major birth defects were Cleft Lip and/or Palate (9.5/10,000), gastroschisis (6.93/10,000), spina bifida (5.53/10,000), hydrocephalus (5.53/10,000), hypospadias (4.55/10,000), Down syndrome (4.23/10,000), anencephaly (2.93/10,000), anorectal atresia / stenosis (1.95/10,000), undetermined sex (1.95/10,000), esophageal atresia / stenosis with or without fistula (1.63/10,000) and limb reduction defects (1.30/10,000). Maternal age was associated with gastroschisis and Down syndrome. Only maternal education up to 7 years was statistically associated with major birth defects considering all other sociodemographic variables.ConclusionCleft Lip and/or Palate and Gastroschisis prevalence were higher than those found in the literature. This findings may suggest a distinct epidemiological behavior regarding major birth defects in the region. The work opens new perspectives for birth defects risk factors in the triple-border.
Brown adipose tissue activity is modulated in olanzapine-treated young rats by simvastatin
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Feng Xiyu , Deng Chao , Liu Lu , Zeng Yanping , Hu Chang-Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant weight gain and dyslipidemia. Statin is considered a potential preventive and treatment approach for reducing SGA-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. However, the effect of statin treatment in children and adolescents with SGA-induced dyslipidemia is not clearly demonstrated.MethodsTo investigate the efficacy of statin interventions for reversing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, young Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally with either olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg,t.i.d.), simvastatin (3.0 mg/kg,t.i.d.), olanzapine plus simvastatin (O + S), or vehicle (control) for 5 weeks.ResultsOlanzapine treatment increased weight gain, food intake and feeding efficiency compared to the control, while O + S co-treatment significantly reversed body weight gain but without significant effects on food intake. Moreover, olanzapine treatment induced a slight but significant reduction in body temperature, with a decrease in locomotor activity. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were markedly elevated in the olanzapine-only group, whereas O + S co-treatment significantly ameliorated these changes. Pronounced activation of lipogenic gene expression in the liver and down-regulated expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was observed in the olanzapine-only group. Interestingly, these protein changes could be reversed by co-treatment with O + B.ConclusionsSimvastatin is effective in ameliorating TC and TG elevated by olanzapine. Modulation of BAT activity by statins could be a partial mechanism in reducing metabolic side effects caused by SGAs in child and adolescent patients.Graphical abstract
The de-implementation and persistence of low-value HIV prevention interventions in the United States: a cross-sectional study
Authors: McKay Virginia R. , Combs Todd B. , Dolcini M. Margaret , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
As more effective or efficient interventions emerge out of scientific advancement to address a particular public health issue, it may be appropriate to de-implement low-value interventions, or interventions that are less effective or efficient. Furthermore, factors that contribute to appropriate de-implementation are not well identified. We examined the extent to which low-value interventions were de-implemented among public health organizations providing HIV prevention services, as well as explored socio-economic, organizational, and intervention characteristics associated with de-implementation.

Methods
We conducted an online cross-sectional survey from the fall of 2017 to the spring of 2019 with organizations (N = 188) providing HIV prevention services in the USA. Organizations were recruited from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) website gettested.org from 20 metropolitan statistical areas with the highest HIV incidence. An organization was eligible to participate if the organization had provided at least one of the HIV prevention interventions identified as inefficient by the CDC in the last ten years, and one administrator familiar with HIV prevention programming at the organization was recruited to respond. Complete responses were analyzed to describe intervention de-implementation and identify organizational and intervention characteristics associated with de-implementation using logistic regression.

Results
Organizations reported 359 instances of implementing low-value interventions. Out of the low-value interventions implemented, approximately 57% were group, 34% were individual, and 5% were community interventions. Of interventions implemented, 46% had been de-implemented. Although we examined a number of intervention and organizational factors thought to be associated with de-implementation, the only factor statistically associated with de-implementation was organization size, with larger organizations—those with 50+ FTEs—being 3.1 times more likely to de-implement than smaller organizations (95% CI 1.3–7.5).

Conclusions
While low-value interventions are frequently de-implemented among HIV prevention organizations, many persisted representing substantial inefficiency in HIV prevention service delivery. Further exploration is needed to understand why organizations may opt to continue low-value interventions and the factors that lead to de-implementation.
Metasurface holographic image projection based on mathematical properties of Fourier transform
Authors: Ding Xumin , Wang Zhuochao , Hu Guangwei , Liu Jian , Zhang Kuang , Li Haoyu , Ratni Badreddine , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Wu Qun , Tan Jiubin , Qiu Cheng-Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFourier transform, mapping the information in one domain to its reciprocal space, is of fundamental significance in real-time and parallel processing of massive data for sound and image manipulation. As a powerful platform of high-efficiency wave control, Huygens’ metasurface may offer to bridge the electromagnetic signal processing and analog Fourier transform at the hardware level and with remarkably improved performance. We here demonstrate a Huygens’ metasurface hologram, where the image pattern can be self-rotated or projected in free space by modulating the phase distribution based on the rotational invariance, time-shifting and scaling properties of Fourier transform. Our proof-of-concept experiment shows high-efficiency imaging operation in accordance with theoretical predictions, validating the proposed scheme as an ideal way to perform largely parallel spatial-domain mathematical operations in the analog domain using electromagnetic fields.
Design and Implementation of a Distant-Learning Clinical Research Mentorship Program: The Accra-Toronto Collaboration
Authors: Vulpe Horia , Vanderpuyne Verna , Yarney Joel , Tosoni Sarah , Ringash Jolie , Kassam Zahra , Wong Rebecca K.S. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE For many oncology training programs in low- and middle-income countries, dedicated time for research education and mentorship of trainees is limited. Here, we report a 1-year–long collaboration between a cancer center in Canada and one in Ghana with the aim of imparting clinical research skills and mentoring the research of radiation oncology residents. METHODS On the basis of a needs assessment conducted in Ghana, we designed a curriculum consisting of 13 weekly seminars delivered via videoconference, followed by a 1-year–long mentorship program to support research projects. The primary outcome was the feasibility of the program from seminars to manuscript preparation. We used multiple secondary outcomes to capture the learning experience with study-specific questionnaires. We evaluated critical thinking ability using the Berlin questionnaire. Funding was made available for research and travel to international conferences. RESULTS Five Ghanaian trainees submitted research proposals. Nine Canadian faculty members delivered the seminars and two served as methodology mentors, and two Ghanaian faculty acted as local supervisors. Feedback questionnaires from all participants showed that they agreed strongly that they would recommend the sessions to another resident (75%), that the objectives were clear (71%), and that the topics were useful for their training (73%). At the end of the program, two Ghanaian trainees finalized their manuscripts and one was published. CONCLUSION Here, we report on the implementation of a mentorship program focused on research methods and evidence-based medicine in sub-Saharan Africa. The program was successful in the drafting and publication of abstracts and manuscripts by local trainees.
Psychology Staffing at Cancer Centers: Data From National Comprehensive Cancer Network Member Institutions
Authors: Melton Laura , Krause Diana , Sugalski Jessica 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: The field of psycho-oncology is relatively undeveloped, with little information existing regarding the use of psychologists at cancer centers. Comprising 30 leading cancer centers across the United States, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) set out to understand the trends in its Member Institutions. METHODS: The NCCN Best Practices Committee surveyed NCCN Member Institutions regarding their use of psychologists. The survey was administered electronically in the spring/summer of 2017. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 18 cancer centers. Across institutions, 94% have psychologists appointed to provide direct care to their cancer center patients. The number of licensed psychologist full-time equivalents (FTEs) on staff who provide direct patient care ranged from < 1.0 FTE (17%) to 17.0-17.9 FTEs (6%). Regarding psychologist appointments, 41% have both faculty and staff appointments, 41% have all faculty appointments, and 18% have all staff appointments. Forty-three percent of institutions indicated that some licensed psychologists at their centers (ranging from 1%-65%) do not provide any direct clinical care, and 57% indicated that all licensed psychologist on staff devote some amount of time to direct clinical care. The percent of clinical care time that is spent on direct clinical care ranged from 15%-90%. CONCLUSION: There is great variability in psychology staffing, academic appointments, and the amount of direct patient care provided by on-staff psychologists at cancer centers.
Metabolic Syndrome and COVID 19: Endocrine-Immune-Vascular Interactions Shapes Clinical Course
Authors: Bansal Rashika , Gubbi Sriram , Muniyappa Ranganath 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for poor disease outcomes and mortality from COVID-19. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for these observations have not been fully elucidated. A critical interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) facilitates viral entry into the host cell. ACE2 is expressed in pancreatic islets, vascular endothelium, and adipose tissue, and the SARS-CoV-2 -ACE2 interaction in these tissues, along with other factors, governs the spectrum and the severity of clinical manifestations among COVID-19 patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the pro-inflammatory milieu observed in patients with metabolic syndrome may contribute toward COVID-19-mediated host immune dysregulation, including suboptimal immune responses, hyperinflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis. This review describes the spectrum of clinical features, the likely pathophysiologic mechanisms, and potential implications for the management of metabolic syndrome in COVID-19 patients.
Exile, Borders, and Poetry: A Study of Fang Xiaobiao's “Miscellaneous Poems on the Eastern Journey”
Authors: Yim Lawrence 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExile to Manchuria in the early Qing (1644–1912) is a peculiar historical, political, and cultural phenomenon whose scale and scope are unprecedented in premodern Chinese history. Among the exiles were some very accomplished writers who continued to write in the places of banishment, and their treatment of the trope of exile and exilic experiences in poems and prose writings is worthy of serious study. This article is a study of the exilic writings of the especially important yet understudied poet Fang Xiaobiao (1618–?), who in the wake of the examination scandal of 1657 was exiled to Ningguta 寧古塔, a remote town close to the borders of then Chosŏn Korea. The author conducts close readings of a series of poems titled “Miscellaneous Poems on the Eastern Journey” (Dongzheng zayong), written by Fang on his journey to Ningguta. The author studies not the historicity and historization of the actual exile event per se but, rather, the literary, aesthetic, and psychological representations of the exilic condition, to address the following questions: How is the uncanny psychic condition of the exile embedded in, and therefore reflected by, the literary and aesthetic configurations of the texts? How does the liminality of the exilic world interact with the liminality of exilic language? How do we understand and describe this “inbetweenness” historically, philosophically, and literarily? From these perspectives the author situates and fathoms the figure and voice of the exile turned poet, or poet turned exile. We can also see from these perspectives that the exiles are bound to encounter the “other” in the foreign landscapes, in the cultural and linguistic differences, and no less in the humbling experiences of themselves and their body and in the troubled subjectivity of the self.
Impact of a nurse-led same day admission pathway on hospital length of stay for transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: McCalmont Gemma , Arshad Muhammad , Bawamia Bilal , Muir Douglas F , Vijayan Sethumadhavan , Williams Paul 
Published: June 2020

Background/Aims Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve intervention are commonly admitted the day before their procedure. Same-day admission offers a potential approach to reduce length of stay and procedural costs but there are little data on the feasibility and safety of this approach. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and safety of a same-day admission programme facilitated by a specialist nurse for patients undergoing elective transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation through a standard care pathway (admission to hospital before the day of procedure) from July 2015 to July 2016 were retrospectively compared to those going through a same-day admission pathway from April 2017 to December 2018 at the James Cook University Hospital. Baseline and procedural characteristics, length of stay and clinical outcomes were analysed using chi square, Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results Overall, 121 of 135 (90%) patients were eligible for same-day admission and all underwent successful same-day transcatheter aortic valve implantation. There were 77 patients in the standard care group. Average length of stay in the same-day group was lower than the standard care group (1.5 vs 3.9 days; P<0.01) with no differences in mortality, procedural complications or readmission within 30 days between the two groups. Conclusions Routine same-day admission for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation facilitated by a specialist nurse can be safely implemented, leading to a shorter length of stay with no detrimental effect on clinical outcomes. This represents a highly effective method of reducing the procedural cost of transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
[RETRACTED] Negative pressure wound therapy versus conventional dressing for open fractures in lower extremity trauma
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Chaudhry Ejaz A. , Zimri Faridullah K. , Ahmed Nadeem , Shaikh Saeed A. , Khan Shoaib , Choudry Usama K. , Aziz Amer , Jamali Allah R. 
Published: June 2020

Aims It has been generally accepted that open fractures require early skeletal stabilization and soft-tissue reconstruction. Traditionally, a standard gauze dressing was applied to open wounds. There has been a recent shift in this paradigm towards negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes in patients with open tibial fractures receiving standard dressing versus NPWT. Methods This multicentre randomized controlled trial was approved by the ethical review board of a public sector tertiary care institute. Wounds were graded using Gustilo-Anderson (GA) classification, and patients with GA-II to III-C were included in the study. To be eligible, the patient had to present within 72 hours of the injury. The primary outcome of the study was patient-reported Disability Rating Index (DRI) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included quality of life assessment using 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-12), wound infection rates at six weeks and nonunion rates at 12 months. Logistic regression analysis and independent-samples t-test were applied for secondary outcomes. Analyses of primary and secondary outcomes were performed using SPSS v. 22.0.1 and p-values of < 0.05 were considered significant. Results A total of 486 patients were randomized between January 2016 and December 2018. Overall 206 (49.04%) patients underwent NPWT, while 214 (50.95%) patients were allocated to the standard dressing group. There was no statistically significant difference in DRI at 12 months between NPWT and standard dressing groups (mean difference 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.08 to 1.1; p = 0.581). Regarding SF-12 scores at 12 months follow-up, there was no significant difference at any point from injury until 12 months (mean difference 1.4; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.9; p = 0.781). The 30-day deep infection rate was slightly higher in the standard gauze dressing group. The non-union odds were also comparable (odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.45; p = 0.685). Conclusion Our study concludes that NPWT therapy does not confer benefit over standard dressing technique for open fractures. The DRI, SF-12 scores, wound infection, and nonunion rates were analogous in both study groups. We suggest surgeons continue to use cheaper and more readily available standard dressings. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):912–917.