bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic degradation of trace CHCl3 in drinking water by nano TiO2
Authors: Hsiung T.-L. , Wei L.-W. , Huang H.-L. , Wang H. Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Toxic disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes (CHCl3) are frequently found after chlorination for drinking water. Nano TiO2 which has been widely used for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, however, has relatively low effectiveness in the treatments of trace CHCl3. To engineer capable TiO2 photocatalysts, an understanding of their photoactive sites is of great importance and interest. By in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, photoactive sites such as A1 (4969 eV), A2 (4971 eV) and A3 (4972 eV) can be distinguished asfour-, five-, and six- coordinated Ti species, respectively in the nano-TiO2 (8.5 and 4.6 nm for TiO2 on SBA-15), TiO2 clusters (TiO2-SiO2), and highly atomic dispersed Ti (Ti-MCM-41) photocatalysts. It appears that the reactivity for the photocatalytic degradation of trace CHCl3 in drinking water lacks an expected relationship with the crystalline phase, band gap absorption edge, nor the particle size of the TiO2-based photocatalysts. Notably, the A2 sites being the main photocatalytic active species of the TiO2 may be accountable for the main (about 95%) photocatalytic degradation of trace CHCl3 in drinking water (7.2 ppm CHCl3/gTiO2∙hr). This work reveals that the A2 active sites of a TiO2-based photocatalyst are responsible for the photocatalytic reactivity, especially in photocatalytic degradation of CHCl3 in drinking water.
Relationship of T1 Slope with Sagittal Alignment Parameters of the Upper and Subaxial Cervical Spine in Patients with Cervical Lordotic and Kyphotic Curvature
Authors: Sun Dong , Liu Peng , Wang Zhaolin , Cheng Jie , Mou Jianhui , Wang Yipeng , Tian Fenghua , Liu Shuang , Bao Hongmei , Sun Na 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background To identify the relationship between T1 slope and the sagittal alignment parameters of the upper and subaxial cervical spine in patients with cervical lordosis and kyphosis.Methods Relevant sagittal radiographic parameters pertaining to patients with non-specific neck pain but with no associated neurogenic symptoms were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into lordotic alignment and kyphotic alignment groups based on the C2-C7 Cobb. Correlation among radiographic variables was assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Between-group differences with respect to cervical alignment parameters were assessed with One-way Analysis of Variance.Results Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement (two independent observers) was rated as excellent (kappa: 0.91–0.93). Inter-observer agreement for the two independent observers was rated as and substantial (kappa: 0.79–0.80), respectively. Significant between-group differences were observed with respect to C0-C1 angle, C1-C2 angle, C0-C2 angle, C2-C7 SVA (sagittal vertical axis) and TS-CL (T1 slope minus cervical lordosis) (P < 0.01 for all), but not with respect to T1S (T1 slope) (P = 0.367). In both groups, C2-C7 SVA showed a significant linear correlation with T1S (r2 = 0.712 vs. r2 = 0.467) and TS-CL (r2 = 0.810 vs. r2 = 0.248).Conclusion This study showed that the two cervical alignment types (lordosis and kyphosis) have different angular variation in upper and subaxial cervical spine. With the increase in T1 slope, the upper cervical C0-C2 Cobb angle and the C2-7 SVA in the lordotic group were significantly higher than that of the kyphotic group. TS-CL mismatch may significantly impact lordotic cervical alignment in patients with lordosis.
Incidence and Prevalence of Morbidity and Mortality From Sensitive Conditions to Primary Health Care in Adult Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Paula Cácia Régia de , Borges Cristiane José , Lima Flavio Henrique Alves de , Porto Celmo Celeno , Matos Marcos André , Sousa Ana Luiza Lima , Barbosa Maria Alves 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Scientific studies on human health are not remote and show that mortality in this population is increasing. Although male morbidity and mortality rates have a considerable weight in national and international epidemiological profiles, the presence of men in primary health care services is lower than that of women. Many injuries could be avoided if men regularly carried out the first preventive measures. Sensitive Conditions to Primary Care are consolidated as an important marker of access to health services and the resolution capacity of Primary Care. In this systematic review, the objective is to identify what is known about the prevalence and / or incidence of Sensitive Conditions to Primary Care in adult men.Methods: We will identify the studies through systematic research in PUBMED-MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, BDTD and OpenGrey. The quality assessment of retrieved articles will be carried out using the critical assessment tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The quantitative synthesis of the data will be carried out if the studies are homogeneous and provide adequate result data for meta-analysis. Otherwise, the data will be synthesized, using the narrative synthesis approach.Discussion: This review will explore theprevalenceand / orincidenceofSensitiveConditionstoprimarycare (prevalenceofhospitalizations; incidenceofhospitalizationsand deaths from ACSC) in adultmenandwillact as a usefulsource for researchers, policymakersand stakeholders whendevelopingandimplementinginterventions for thatgroup. Systematic review registration: This systematic review protocol was submitted to International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Submission number: ID 169447. This protocol was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols checklist (PRISMA-P).
High Resolution Late-holocene Terrestrial Biomarkers Records in Southern Continental Shelf Area of the Korean Peninsula: Climate and Marine Environmental Implications During the Last 5 Kyr
Authors: Hyun Sangmin , Kang Nayeon , Cho Jin Hyung 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
High-resolution records for carbon isotopes of organic matter and n-alkane compounds were investigated in two gravity cores (SJP15-2 and SJP15-4) taken from the southern continental shelf of the Korean peninsula to evaluate the variation in influxes of terrestrial organic compounds and their linkage to paleoclimate and marine environmental changes since the last 5 kyr. The total organic carbon contents were < 1%, and the carbon isotope(d13Corg) ratio ranged from approximately −21‰ to -22‰ and, they did not highly fluctuate throughout the two cores. However, the vertical distributions of total terrestrial biomarkers, long-chain n-alkanes (nC25-35), and individual n-alkane compounds exhibited distinctive fluctuations. There are three switching points that discriminate patterns of excursion and distribution at ca. 4.5 ka, 3.0 ka, and 1.8 ka. Several n-alkane combined indices such as average chain length (ACL), carbon preference index (CPI), and paleovegetation index (Paq), were coincident with these switching points, implying that the supply of terrestrial biomarkers was strongly associated with environmental changes at the source area. In particular, the ratios of nC31/nC27 and nC31/nC29 show coincident excursion pattern with lower ratio between 3.0 ka and 1.8 ka, implying that this short-term event-like record (STER) was associated with wetter climate conditions, and thus paleovegetation and paleoclimate variation. Comparison with previous data of the detrital quartz from the East China Sea and aeolian dust in the Cheju (Jeju) Island, South Korea, and Dongge cave oxygen isotope records indicates strong synchronicity with those switching points, suggesting that paleoclimate system of the East Asian region may have influenced the sediment records of study area since the last 5 kyr. Therefore, our high-resolution n-alkane data are very useful for reconstructing past climatic records, and East Asian monsoon and regional records could be associated with the paleoclimate variations of the study area.
Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis of Histone Modification Genes in Grapevine Predict Their Involvement in Seed Development and Hormonal Signaling
Authors: Wang Li , Ahmad Bilal , Liang Chen , Shi Xiaoxin , Sun Ruyi , Zhang Songlin , Du Guoqiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Histone modification genes (HMs) play potential roles in plant growth and development via influencing gene expression and chromatin structure. However, limited information is available about HMs genes in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.).
Results
Here, we described detailed genome-wide identification of HMs gene families in grapevine. We identified 117 HMs genes in grapevine and classified these genes into 11 subfamilies based on conserved domains and phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis. We described the genes in terms of their chromosomal locations and exon-intron distribution. Further, we investigated the evolutionary history, gene ontology (GO) analysis, and syntenic relationships between grapes and Arabidopsis. According to results 21% HMs genes are the result of duplication (tandem and segmental) events and all the duplicated genes have negative mode of selection. GO analysis predicted the presence of HMs proteins in cytoplasm, nucleus, and intracellular organelles. According to seed development expression profiling, many HMs grapevine genes were differentially expressed in seeded and seedless cultivars, suggesting their roles in seed development. Moreover, we checked the response of HMs genes against powdery mildew infection at different time points. Results have suggested the involvement of some genes in disease resistance regulation mechanism. Furthermore, the expression profiles of HMs genes were analyzed in response to different plant hormones (Abscisic acid, Jasmonic acid, Salicylic acid, and Ethylene) at different time points. All of the genes showed differential expression against one or more hormones.
Conclusion
VvHMs genes might have potential roles in grapevine including seed development, disease resistance, and hormonal signaling pathways. Our study provides first detailed genome-wide identification and expression profiling of HMs genes in grapevine.
Infection Control of Spatial Disseminated Multi-Antibiotics Resistant And Phylo-Diverse Staphylococcus Aureus Pathotypes
Authors: AKINDUTI PAUL , Osiyemi Joshua , Banjo Temitope , Ejilude Oluwaseun , Ashker Maged , Adewale Adeyemi Gideon , Obafemi Yemisi Dorcas , Isibor Patrick , Oladotun Abiola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Focal dissemination of multi-antibiotic resistant (MAR) Staphylococci pathotypes regulated by agr functionalities was investigated and evaluated for infection control. Non-repetitive Staphylococcus aureus strains from soft and skin infections disseminated in several communities were recovered and biotyped, assayed for biofilm and profiled for antibiotic resistance. Strains were further genotyped for spa types, virulence and resistant genes; and mapped for geospatial distribution. Clonal diversity and functional accessory gene regulators (agr) were also evaluated. Staphylococcal infection was not significant with age group (p>0.05), but high rate of MSSA (53.0%) and MRSA (1.5%) was observed. Median resistance rates were significantly differ (p=0.001) but highest 75 th percentile and media resistance rates were observed in wound infection. Resistance rate of 78.8% at MIC 50 32µg/ml and MIC 90 128µg/ml to amoxicillin-clavulanate, and more than 40% resistance to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline with MIC 90 and MIC 50 at 32 µg/ml were observed. More than 0.83 multi-antibiotic resistance index (MARI) were observed among the strains that clustered into separate phylo-group expressing high beta- lactamase and strong biofilm production. Heterogeneous spa types t442 (wound and pus), t657 (wound), t091 (ear) and t657 (ear and wound) revealed high phylo- diversity. Only 4.6% pvl + MSSA-CC1 agr I, pvl+ MSSA-CC5 (13.6%) and pvl+ MRSA-CC7 agr II (4.6%), expressed enterotoxin; sea, sec, sed, sej, Leukocidins ( LukF-PV, lukD, lukE ), proteases (aur, slpA sspB, sspE ) and resistance genes (fosB, msr (A), bla mph(C),aphA3, sat, fosB, sdrM, Q7A4X2) . Phylogenetic related spa types of livestock origin, specifically bovine milk clustered with detected strains that were prevalent in urban communities with focal dissemination to other nearest suburbs. Clonal dissemination resistant pvl+MAR MSSA-CC1 and MRSA- CC5 encoding agr were predominant in several peri-urban communities. This require adequate geno-surveillance, population-target antimicrobial stewardship, extensive community health care intervention policy and well-structured infection control programs to prevent further focal dissemination.
Non-Interactive Amblyopia Treatment Modalities in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hussen Mohammed Seid , Adimassu Nebiyat Feleke , Belete Gizachew Tilahun , Atnafu Asamamaw 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: This review aimed to identify the most effective and safest amblyopia interventions in an integrative manner.Methods: Eligible studies were identified from Cochrane library (CENTRAL), Pubmed central, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus database up to 09/2018. Data pooling was performed for trials with a little heterogeneity (P>0.05, I2 <50%) using the fixed-effect models. The mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) for visual acuity improvement, success of the treatment, reverse amblyopia and adherence rate were pooled.Results: Eight trials consisting of 1253 participants were included. Regardless of child’s age, cause and severity of amblyopia, six hours patching and full-time patching were equally effective (Pooled MD, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.54 to 0.55). Likewise, studies independently reported that two hours and six hours patching were equally effective for moderate amblyopia. The therapeutic outcome of patching was statistically comparable to atropine (pooled MD, 0.25 lines; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.48). The weighted adherence rates for atropine was encouraging as compared to patching (pooled RR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.96). However, significant reverse amblyopia and poor adherence was recognized in full-time patching and atropine. The risk of developing reverse amblyopia was lower by 19% for patching groups as compared to atropine (pooled RR, 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.57). Conclusion: Overall, considering six hours patching or atropine penalization as a first line treatment is a fair decision from effectiveness perspective but it should be under proactive monitoring to optimize the noted adherence and adverse effects issues.
Thermochromic Detection of Ultrasound-Induced Nanoparticle Heating in Tissue-Mimicking Solid Gel
Authors: Lin Huiting , Chen Nelson Gee-Con , Huang Chih-Mao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Microbubble has been extensively used for ultrasound imaging and many other applications such as ultrasound cleaning. Few studies have been reported on ultrasound interactions with small nanoparticles (< 250 nm). Due to the broad use of nanoparticles in many different fields, it is critically important to clarify whether nanoparticles can have strong interaction with ultrasound. In addition, Nanoparticle assisted ultrasound therapy has recently been found to have selective killing of cancer cells compared to normal cells. Nevertheless, the mechanism is not known. The major possible mechanisms for killing cells are cavitation and heating. In this work, a simple thermochromic method is developed to clearly indicate that the interaction of nanoparticle with ultrasound can lead to temperature rise that can lead to selective killing of cancer cells.
Results

Direct three-dimensional detection of ultrasonically induced heating in a nanoparticle bearing tissue-mimicking gel would provide a means to estimate their effectiveness as thermally-based sonosensitizers. Such a gel was produced through the addition of an irreversible thermochromic liquid to a well-known agarose gel during fabrication. Polystyrene nanoparticles were embedded within gels during production. The placement of gels within a temperature-controlled bath set to a temperature below the transition temperature allows for the visual detection of slight temperature increases. The modified gel material was shown to undergo color change upon heating to 54 °C from blue to white. The appearance of white color on the gel is a clear indication of nanoparticle to enhance the ultrasound energy to increase the temperature of gel. Nanoparticle presence within a solid causing increased heating upon ultrasound exposure, as detected through thermochromicity, is reported for the first time.
Conclusion

Even small nanoparticles can have significant interaction with ultrasound to lead to temperature rise in the medium. Therefore, the selective killing of cancer cells more than normal cell should be primarily from heating instead of cavitation since cancer cells in general cannot survive in higher temperature than normal cells. Cavitation should lead to the killing of both cancer and normal cells due to the release of a large amount of energy in the process. Direct three-dimensional detection of ultrasonically induced heating in a nanoparticle bearing tissue-mimicking gel becomes feasible.
The Association Between Non-prescription Analgesic Drug Use in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Protocol for an Umbrella Review
Authors: Kwok Janell , Hall Hildigunnur Anna , Murray Aja Louise , Auyeung Bonnie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMaternal prenatal health has been shown to bean important influence on children’s developmental outcomes, which has led to an increased emphasis onprovidingmore information to supportclinical decisions in pregnancy. Several systematic reviewssuggest that analgesic drug use during pregnancy may haveneurodisruptive properties. However, no firm conclusions have yet been drawn onthe associations between prenatal analgesic drug use and children’s long-term development of neurodevelopmental disorderssuch as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Therefore, an umbrella review is proposed for the purpose of examining the associations between maternal analgesic drug use during pregnancy and diagnoses of neurodevelopmental disorders.MethodsIncluded systematic reviews will consist of studies examining the effect of maternal prenatal non-prescription analgesic drug use on children’s neurodevelopmental disorder status. Examined drugs will be restricted to those readilyaccessible and frequently used by pregnant women, and with characteristics that allow them to cross the placenta and directly affect fetal development. Outcomes will be restricted to formal clinical diagnoses of ASD and/or ADHD. Two reviewers will independently identify eligible reviews from six databases and a manual search of reference lists, consultation with field experts, and scan of pre-print archives.A third researcher will be consulted when consensus cannot be reached.Search strategy and data extraction will be based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol and PRISMA-P checklist. Extracted data will also include short qualitative summaries by both reviewers. As part of quality assessment, astandardised measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR 2) will be used. A narrative synthesis is proposed to integrate findingsfrom different, potentially methodologically heterogeneousstudies. DiscussionThis umbrella review of associations between maternal prenatal use of non-prescription analgesic drugs andchildren’s neurodevelopmental disorders could allow for firmer conclusions to be drawn through the synthesis of all relevant published research. The synthesis of findings using high-quality evidence couldprovide more accurate healthcare information on the long-term effects of analgesic drugs on neurodevelopment, to better guide future clinical decisions during pregnancy. This review will also allow gaps and methodological differences in the literature to be identified, informing recommendations for future research.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROregistration number CRD42020179216.
Epidemiological characteristics of 1385 primary sacral tumors in one institution in China
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Dasen , Yang Rongli , Tang Xiaodong , Yan Taiqiang , Guo Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary sacral tumors (PST) are a rare group of skeletal tumors that can affect children and adults of all ages. Little is known about the epidemiological characteristics of PST in China.Methods: 1385 patients with primary sacral tumors, which had the clinical record at our bone tumor center from 2000 to November 2018 were analyzed.Results: 51.7% (716 cases) were malignant and 48.3 % (669 cases) were benign. Of malignant tumors, chordoma was the most common malignant tumor (316 cases, 22.8% of all tumors), followed by chondrosarcoma, myeloma and other histologic types. The most common histological type of benign tumors was giant cell tumor accounting for 14.8% (205 cases) of all tumors, followed by neurofibroma, schwannoma and other types. The most common age group affected by malignant bone tumors was the 51- to 60-year-old group, followed by the 41- to 50-year-old group. The most commonly affected age group for benign tumors was the 31- to 50-year-old group, followed by the 21- to 30-year old group. Furthermore, the following histologic types had the gender predilection. Chordoma, chondrosarcoma, myeloma and osteosarcoma of PST affected more frequently males than females. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, lymphoma, giant cell tumor, neurofibroma, tuberculosis, teratoma and epidermoid cyst more frequently affected females than males.Conclusions: The large cohort of primary sacral tumors in our database may reveal their epidemiologic characteristics of primary sacral malignant and benign tumors in China and epidemiological feature of PST is fairly distinct from the mobile spine and extremities.