bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raspberry Pi implemented with MATLAB simulation and communication of physiological signal-based fast chaff point (RPSC) generation algorithm for WBAN systems
Authors: Munivel Karthikeyan Venkatesan , Samraj Tephillah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has gained considerable significance in medical fields like implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), neuro-stimulators etc. The body area networks information with in the implantable medical devices (IMDs) must be secure and their privacy must be protected. The absence of protection at the interface makes it easy for the attackers to take control of the IMDs. Thus, protection of wireless interface has become mandatory in IMDs during key agreement schemes. To secure the key agreement scheme, the most practical light weight bio-cryptosystem schemes popularly known as fuzzy vault (FV) is implemented. The most computationally intensive task in the FV scheme is the chaff point generation process, used for hiding the secret key and valid point inside the vault. Thus, a Raspberry Pi implemented with MATLAB simulation and communication of physiological signal based fast chaff point generation (RPSC) algorithm for WBAN. RPSC algorithm reduced the number of candidate chaff points in the chaff point generation and reduced the overall execution time. The RPSC algorithm has an algorithm complexity of O(n2), which is a significant over the existing O(n3) complexity. The RPSC algorithm has a speedup performance of 206 times over Clancy’s, 130 times over Khalil’s and 93 times than Nguyen algorithms for the generation of 504 chaff points, within smaller computation duration of 0.7 s. Raspberry Pi pro 3 (RPi3) hardware modules are considered as IMD and programmer devices, are used for implementation of chaff point generation and real-time communication module for proposed WBAN.
Association of kidney function with effectiveness of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment: a patient-level meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Heilmann Eva , Gregoriano Claudia , Wirz Yannick , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Wolff Michel , Chastre Jean , Tubach Florence , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Bouadma Lila , Annane Djillali , Damas Pierre , Kristoffersen Kristina B. , Oliveira Carolina F. , Stolz Daiana , Tamm Michael , de Jong Evelien , Reinhart Konrad , Shehabi Yahya , Verduri Alessia , Nobre Vandack , Nijsten Maarten , deLange Dylan W. , van Oers Jos A.H. , Beishuizen Albertus , Girbes Armand R.J. , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with impaired kidney function have a significantly slower decrease of procalcitonin (PCT) levels during infection. Our aim was to study PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship and clinical outcomes in patients with impairments of kidney function as assessed by creatinine levels measured upon hospital admission.

Methods
We pooled and analyzed individual data from 15 randomized controlled trials who were randomly assigned to receive antibiotic therapy based on a PCT-algorithms or based on standard of care. We stratified patients on the initial glomerular filtration rate (GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2) in three groups (GFR >90 [chronic kidney disease; CKD 1], GFR 15–89 [CKD 2–4] and GFR<15 [CKD 5]). The main efficacy and safety endpoints were duration of antibiotic treatment and 30-day mortality.

Results
Mean duration of antibiotic treatment was significantly shorter in PCT-guided (n=2,492) compared to control patients (n=2,510) (9.5–7.6 days; adjusted difference in days −2.01 [95% CI, −2.45 to −1.58]). CKD 5 patients had overall longer treatment durations, but a 2.5-day reduction in treatment duration was still found in patients receiving in PCT-guided care (11.3 vs. 8.6 days [95% CI −3.59 to −1.40]). There were 397 deaths in 2,492 PCT-group patients (15.9%) compared to 460 deaths in 2,510 control patients (18.3%) (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88 [95% CI 0.78 to 0.98)]. Effects of PCT-guidance on antibiotic treatment duration and mortality were similar in subgroups stratified by infection type and clinical setting (p interaction >0.05).

Conclusions
This individual patient data meta-analysis confirms that the use of PCT in patients with impaired kidney function, as assessed by admission creatinine levels, is associated with shorter antibiotic courses and lower mortality rates.
A Study on Water Absorption and Mechanical Properties in Epoxy-Bamboo Laminate Composite with Varying Immersion Temperatures
Authors: Widiastuti Indah , Pratiwi Yuniar Ratna , Cahyo Dwi Noor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bamboo laminate composites could be the alternative materials in outdoor application. However, the life time prediction of this composite in humid environment became a concern considering hydrophilic property of the bamboo fibre. This research aimed to assess the changes of mechanical properties in the composite with the sorption of water. It employed hand lay-up method in developing the laminate composites with epoxy as the matrix and woven bamboo as the reinforced material. Water sorption characteristic was evaluated through a gravimetric analysis for different water immersion temperatures. The sorption on water was studied by four weeks immersion in room temperature as well as in elevated temperatures of 50∘ and 80∘C. Tensile test was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite. This research clearly showed the significant effect of bamboo fibre on the strength and water sorption behaviour of the composites. It was observed that the rate of water absorption depends on temperature of immersion. Larger debonding between the bamboo fibre and the epoxy matrix was found in higher water immersion temperature. The results of this study emphasized the importance of considering the deterioration of mechanical properties in outdoor applications of bamboo composite highly exposed to high temperature and humidity
Transient destabilisation in anisotropic vibrational properties of wood when changing humidity
Authors: Brémaud Iris , Gril Joseph 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Moisture changes cause transient effects in various polymeric materials. In wood, they are mainly documented in semi-static or low-frequency domains and could explain various anomalies in wood behaviour, including the so-called mechano-sorptive effect. This article aimed at exploring and quantifying transient effects in wood vibrational properties, evidenced but in few publications. A series of 65 experiments on spruce and maple, in longitudinal (L) and radial (R) directions, spanning many humidity trajectories, were monitored through time (1–7 weeks) after step-change in relative humidity (RH). Changes in dimensions and specific dynamic modulus of elasticity (E′/γ) closely followed change in moisture content (MC). But the damping coefficient (tanδ) always increased (whether MC increased or decreased) within first hours/days, before slowly re-decreasing. This was quantitatively analysed by subtracting equilibrium moisture content (EMC) dependence from the global changes in tanδ, which simultaneously expressed destabilisation, followed by physical ageing (a slow process towards approaching equilibrium). For small EMC steps, the amplitude of destabilisation in L tanδ exceeded changes due to EMC dependence. Destabilisation was of similar importance relative to L or to R tanδ, while R tanδ showed much (2−4×) stronger EMC dependence. Amplitude of destabilisation increased with wider RH/EMC-steps (and faster sorption rates). Within an experiment, maximum destabilisation occurred nearly concomitantly with maximum sorption rate. Equilibrium was usually reached in MC, even within one week, but seldom in tanδ, even after several weeks. Results suggested that: (i) drying caused similar amplitudes of destabilisation, but that occurred sooner, and recovered faster, than humidifying; (ii) small RH-steps caused relatively smaller amplitudes of destabilisation, but that occurred later, and spanned over longer time before recovering equilibrium, than wide RH-steps. Some possible hypotheses are introduced to explain the observed phenomena. These phenomena also have important practical consequences in real-life wood uses and, particularly, in the design of experimental protocols.
An initiative to limit screen-time in children aged between 6 and 18 years in an urban area in Puducherry: a qualitative study
Authors: Rajaa Sathish , Rehman Tanveer , Surendran Gayathri , Sulgante Sudheera , Thulasingam Mahalakshmy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Recently television viewing and use of computers have increased considerably and has become a necessary evil in the society. The amount of Screen Time (ST) exposure of a child largely depends on the views of their parents. Screen time among adolescents have resulted in multiple problems

Objective
To explore the perceptions of parents of children aged 6–10 years and adolescents of 11–18 years residing in an area of urban Puducherry regarding screen-time and develop health education material to decrease ST.

Materials and methods
A community‐based, Qualitative study was conducted during April 2018 in Urban Puducherry. Two FGDs among the adolescents t and one FGD among the mothers of 6–10 years old children to capture their perceptions on ST

Results and conclusion
The three FGD included 30 participants. The main categories that evolved among the adolescents were Benefits, barriers and influencing factors of ST and ways to reduce them. Mothers expressed their concerns regarding screen time and efforts taken to reduce it. Our study showed that curtailing ST is possible by friendly parenting.
A Strong Judiciary as a Crisis for Democracy: A ‘Law and Development’ Study from Pakistan
Authors: Azeem Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
By the late 1990s, international financial institutions prescribed a ‘good governance’ paradigm that sought to empower the judiciary to curb ‘state capture’ by the corrupt political elites of developing countries. Good governance was supposed to act as a midwife to economic development, providing the ‘rule of law’ for the free market reforms of structural adjustment programs that had hitherto failed to provide much success. This article examines the implementation of ‘good governance’ in Pakistan, arguing that empowering the judiciary served to weaken an already weak legislature. The tangible issues of popular political representation and economic redistribution were displaced by the discourses on the control of corruption and the rule of law. Based on this experience, the article encourages a shift in law and developmental theorizing to focus on forms of legislature and democratic rule and a redefined role for the ‘civil society’ within this.
Amplification by stimulated emission of nitrogen-vacancy centres in a diamond-loaded fibre cavity
Authors: Raman Nair Sarath , Rogers Lachlan J. , Vidal Xavier , Roberts Reece P. , Abe Hiroshi , Ohshima Takeshi , Yatsui Takashi , Greentree Andrew D. , Jeske Jan , Volz Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Laser threshold magnetometry using the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centre in diamond as a gain medium has been proposed as a technique to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of room-temperature magnetometry. We experimentally explore a diamond-loaded open tunable fibre-cavity system as a potential contender for the realisation of lasing with NV− centres. We observe amplification of the transmission of a cavity-resonant seed laser at 721 nm when the cavity is pumped at 532 nm and attribute this to stimulated emission. Changes in the intensity of spontaneously emitted photons accompany the amplification, and a qualitative model including stimulated emission and ionisation dynamics of the NV− centre captures the dynamics in the experiment very well. These results highlight important considerations in the realisation of an NV− laser in diamond.
High-performance integrated graphene electro-optic modulator at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Lee Brian S. , Kim Bumho , Freitas Alexandre P. , Mohanty Aseema , Zhu Yibo , Bhatt Gaurang R. , Hone James , Lipson Michal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh-performance integrated electro-optic modulators operating at low temperature are critical for optical interconnects in cryogenic applications. Existing integrated modulators, however, suffer from reduced modulation efficiency or bandwidth at low temperatures because they rely on tuning mechanisms that degrade with decreasing temperature. Graphene modulators are a promising alternative because graphene’s intrinsic carrier mobility increases at low temperature. Here, we demonstrate an integrated graphene-based electro-optic modulator whose 14.7 GHz bandwidth at 4.9 K exceeds the room temperature bandwidth of 12.6 GHz. The bandwidth of the modulator is limited only by high contact resistance, and its intrinsic RC-limited bandwidth is 200 GHz at 4.9 K.
A metasurface-based diamond frequency converter using plasmonic nanogap resonators
Authors: Shen Qixin , Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Boyce Andrew M. , Wilson Nathaniel C. , Cai Tao , Loncar Marko , Mikkelsen Maiken H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiamond has attracted great interest as an appealing material for various applications ranging from classical to quantum optics. To date, Raman lasers, single photon sources, quantum sensing and quantum communication have been demonstrated with integrated diamond devices. However, studies of the nonlinear optical properties of diamond have been limited, especially at the nanoscale. Here, a metasurface consisting of plasmonic nanogap cavities is used to enhance both χ(2) and χ(3) nonlinear optical processes in a wedge-shaped diamond slab with a thickness down to 12 nm. Multiple nonlinear processes were enhanced simultaneously due to the relaxation of phase-matching conditions in subwavelength plasmonic structures by matching two excitation wavelengths with the fundamental and second-order modes of the nanogap cavities. Specifically, third-harmonic generation (THG) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) are both enhanced 1.6 × 107-fold, while four-wave mixing is enhanced 3.0 × 105-fold compared to diamond without the metasurface. Even though diamond lacks a bulk χ(2) due to centrosymmetry, the observed SHG arises from the surface χ(2) of the diamond slab and is enhanced by the metasurface elements. The efficient, deeply subwavelength diamond frequency converter demonstrated in this work suggests an approach for conversion of color center emission to telecom wavelengths directly in diamond.
LIFE Monza: comparison between ante andpost-operamnoise and air quality monitoring activities in a Noise Low Emission Zone
Authors: Silvaggio Rosalba , Curcuruto Salvatore , Mazzocchi Enrico , Borchi Francesco , Bartalucci Chiara , Governi Lapo , Carfagni Monica , Bellomini Raffaella , Luzzi Sergio , Colucci Gianfrancesco , Cattani Giorgio , Gaeta Alessandra , Leone Gianluca , Di Menno di Bucchianico Alessandro , Cusano Mariacarmela , Algieri Andrea , Colombi Cristina , Cuccia Eleonora , Santo Umberto Dal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLIFE MONZA project (Methodologies fOr Noise low emission Zones introduction And management) aims at defining an easy-replicable method for the identification and management of theNoise Low Emission Zones(Noise LEZ), urban areas subject to traffic restrictions, usually introduced in order to ensure compliance with the air pollutants limit values, prescribed by the European Directive on ambient air quality 2008/50/EC, whose impacts and potential benefits regarding noise issues have been taken into account, tested and analysed in a pilot area of the city of Monza, located in North Italy. Noise LEZ has been established in Libertà district, introducing infrastructural interventions carried out by the municipality (top-down actions) and encouraging an active involvement of the citizens, in the definition of a more sustainable lifestyle (bottom-up actions). The analysis of potential effects on noise reduction due to the Noise LEZ can contribute to the implementation of the EU Directive 2002/49/EC, related to the assessment and management of environmental noise (Environmental Noise Directive – END), which introduces noise action plans, designed to manage noise issues and their effects, suggesting the adoption of urban and mobility planning. Noise and air quality monitoring activities have been carried out in pilot area inanteandpost-operamconditions. The monitoring methods, the measurement techniques, the analysis procedures, able to describe the effects due to Noise LEZ establishment, for both the main environmental issues are reported in this paper, as proposals to be applied in other different contexts. Results of monitoring activities highlight a reduction of noise, in term of sound pressure levels, betweenanteandpost-operam, during the day and particularly during the night period, and it is essentially due to the interventions realised. The effect of the Noise LEZ on air pollution seems to be negligible for combustion related pollutant and carbon fractions of PM, due both to the moderate spatial effects of the measures undertaken and confounding factors due to concomitant emission sources and meteorology.
Corrole photochemistry
Authors: Lemon Christopher M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The rapid expansion of photoredox catalysis and artificial photosynthesis has garnered renewed interest in the field of photochemistry. While porphyrins have been widely utilized for a variety of photochemical applications, corrole photochemistry remains underexplored, despite an exponential growth in corrole chemistry. Indeed, less than 4% of all corrole-related publications have studied the photochemistry of these molecules. Since corroles exhibit chemical properties that are distinct from porphyrins and related macrocycles, it is likely that this divergence would also be observed in their photochemical properties. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the extant corrole photochemistry literature. Corroles primarily serve as photosensitizers that transfer energy or an electron to molecular oxygen to form singlet oxygen or superoxide, respectively. While both of these reactive oxygen species can be used to drive chemical reactions, they can also be exploited for photodynamic therapy to treat cancer and other diseases. Although direct photochemical activation of metal–ligand bonds has been less explored, corroles mediate a variety of transformations, particularly oxygen atom transfer reactions. Together, these examples illustrate the diversity of corrole photochemistry and suggest that there are many additional applications yet to be discovered.
Synthesis, revised crystal structures, and refractive indices of ABW-type CsMTiO4 (M = Al, Fe, Ga) and ANA-type CsTi1.10Si1.90O6.50, and the determination of the electronic polarizability of 4-coordinated Ti4+
Authors: Groeneveld Jan Derk , Burianek Manfred , Birkenstock Johannes , Fischer Lennart A. , Shannon Robert D. , Fischer Reinhard X. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Single crystals of ABW-type CsAlTiO4 (CAT), CsFeTiO4 (CFT), CsGaTiO4 (CGT), and ANA-type CsTi1.1Si1.9O6.5 (CST) were grown and characterized by electron microprobe analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, and spindle-stage optical investigations to determine the electronic polarizability of 4-coordinated Ti4+, α([4]Ti4+). The crystal structure of CAT was confirmed to crystallize in the highest possible topological symmetry Imma (a = 8.9677(2) Å, b = 5.7322(1) Å, c = 9.9612(3) Å) with tetrahedrally coordinated Al and Ti equally distributed on Wyckoff position 8i. Twinning by reticular merohedry with a twin index of 2 was observed for most of the crystals resulting in a hexagonal twin lattice (a = 11.487(3) Å, c = 8.968(2) Å) with Laue symmetry 6/mmm. Refractive indices measured by immersion methods on an untwinned specimen are n
x = 1.716(5), n
y = 1.725(2), and n
z = 1.727(1) with 2V
z = 127.1(6)°. The diffraction patterns of CFT and CGT clearly showed superstructure reflections causing a symmetry lowering of index 4 with a transformation according to 2a, b, c from Imma to Pmab with a = 18.3054(7) Å, b = 5.8083(2) Å, c = 9.9938(4) Å for CFT, and a = 18.2921(6) Å, b = 5.7636(2) Å, c = 9.9210(3) Å for CGT. Refractive indices for CGT are n
x = 1.750(3), n
y = 1.772(3), and n
z = 1.776(2) with 2V
z = 132(1)°. The crystal structure of the ANA-type CsTi1.1Si1.9O6.5 was confirmed to crystallize in space group Ia

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

d (a = 13.8333(4) Å). The extra 0.5 O atoms are needed for charge compensation and to allow the sum of electronic polarizabilities to give a total electronic polarizability calculated from the refractive index n = 1.718(4). The electronic polarizability of [4]Ti4+ was calculated from the difference between the observed total polarizabilities (derived from the mean refractive indices of CAT and CGT) and the sum of electronic polarizabilities of cations and anions omitting the polarizability of Ti resulting in α([4]Ti4+) = 5.15(5) Å3.
Inhibition of chikusetsusaponin IVa on inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cell line via MAPK pathway
Authors: Xu Guangren , Lei Hongyu , Yuan Qiaoling , Chen Huiyu , Su Jianming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CHS-IVa), a saponin from herb Panacis japonicas, possesses extensive biological activities. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of CHS-IVa on inflammation have not been fully clarified in the setting of murine macrophages. In this study, we found that CHS-IVa effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, CHS-IVa could also evidently bate the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cell culture supernatants. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of CHS-IVa may be via diminishing the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Collectively, these findings will help to understand of the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of P. japonicas deeply, and suggest a validated therapeutic use as an anti-inflammatory medication.