bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortierella species from declining Araucaria araucana trees in Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Vélez María L. , Marfetán Jorge A. , Salgado Salomón María E. , Taccari Leonardo E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince 2015, Araucaria araucana, an ecologically and economically important conifer native to Argentina and Chile, has suffered an unusual partial death of the crown throughout almost all of the distribution range in Argentina. No primary pathogen or pest was evident, associated with the phenomenon. Isolates of Mortierella, a poorly studied fungal genus in Patagonia, were obtained from the margins of necrotic phloem tissue of symptomatic trees. Five species of Mortierella were isolated from affected tissues. In inoculation tests, Mortierella alpina and M. aff. basiparvispora were pathogenic to A. araucana. These species caused necrosis of phloem, leading to chlorosis, foliar desiccation and eventually death, demonstrating that Mortierellales may play a role in the decline of the tree.
Investigating cognitive load modulation of distractor processing using pupillary luminance responses in the anti‐saccade paradigm
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Fan , Baird Talia , Wang Chin‐An 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObservers must select goal‐directed stimuli in lieu of distractors in the environment for preferential information processing. This selection, according to the load theory of attention, is modulated by cognitive load, involving the frontal cortices, with more significant distractor interference under high cognitive load, with strained executive control resources. Evidence in support of this theory exists; however, working memory tasks were predominately used in these investigations. The influence of other types of cognitive load on distractor processing is largely unknown. An interleaved pro‐ and anti‐saccade task has often been used to investigate executive control in which subjects are instructed in advance to either automatically look at the peripheral stimulus (pro‐saccade), or to suppress the automatic response and voluntarily look in the direction opposite of the stimulus (anti‐saccade). Distinct frontal preparatory activity has been clearly characterized during preparation for pro‐ and anti‐saccades, with higher inhibition‐related activity in preparation for anti‐saccades than pro‐saccades. Here, we used an interleaved pro‐ and anti‐saccade paradigm to investigate the modulation of distractor interference by cognitive load in a group of 24 healthy young adults. Luminant distractors were used to evoke automatic pupillary responses to evaluate distractor processing. Greater pupillary dilation following dark distractor presentation was observed in the anti‐saccade than the pro‐saccade preparation. These effects, however, were absent in pupillary constriction following bright distractors. Together, our results support the load theory of attention, importantly highlighting the potential of using involuntary changes in pupil size to objectively investigate attentional selection under load.
Complementary roles of differential medial entorhinal cortex inputs to the hippocampus for the formation and integration of temporal and contextual memory (Systems Neuroscience)
Authors: Marks William D. , Yamamoto Naoki , Kitamura Takashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn humans and rodents, the entorhinal cortical (EC)‐hippocampal (HPC) circuit is crucial for the formation and recall of memory, preserving both spatial information and temporal information about the occurrence of past events. Both modeling and experimental studies have revealed circuits within this network that play crucial roles in encoding space and context. However, our understanding about the time‐related aspects of memory is just beginning to be understood. In this review, we first describe updates regarding recent anatomical discoveries for the EC‐HPC network, as several important neural circuits critical for memory formation have been discovered by newly developed neural tracing technologies. Second, we examine the complementary roles of multiple medial entorhinal cortical inputs, including newly discovered circuits, into the hippocampus for the temporal and spatial aspects of memory. Finally, we will discuss how temporal and contextual memory information is integrated in HPC cornu ammonis 1 cells. We provide new insights into the neural circuit mechanisms for anatomical and functional segregation and integration of the temporal and spatial aspects of memory encoding in the EC‐HPC networks.
Approaching altered inhibitory control in phenylketonuria: A functional MRI study with a Go‐NoGo task in young female adults
Authors: Sundermann Benedikt , Garde Stefan , Dehghan Nayyeri Mahboobeh , Weglage Josef , Rau Johanna , Pfleiderer Bettina , Feldmann Reinhold 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubtle executive function deficits, particularly regarding inhibitory control, have been reported in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) despite early dietary treatment. Purpose of this study was to assess whether young female adults with PKU exhibit altered neural activity underlying such deficits, particularly in a fronto‐parietal cognitive control network (CCN). Behavioural data and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired during a Go‐NoGo task in 16 young adult patients with PKU and 17 control subjects. Hypothesis‐driven analyses of behavioural and fMRI data in the CCN were supplemented by exploratory whole brain activation analyses. PKU patients exhibited a trend towards higher errors of commission. Patients exhibited marginally increased activation associated with inhibitory control in only one CCN core region (right middle frontal gyrus, p = .043). Whole brain analyses revealed widespread relatively increased activation in adults with PKU in the main task contrast (NoGo > Go). This increased activation was mainly observed outside the CCN and largely overlapped with the default mode network (DMN). In conclusion, only subtle inhibitory control deficits and associated brain activity differences were observed in young adults with PKU. Thus, this work adds to the notion that this particular population seems to be only slightly affected by such cognitive deficits. While there were also only minimal increases when compared to healthy subjects in brain activity in a cognitive control network, we observed more widespread activation increases outside this network. These results support the assumption of DMN dysfunction in PKU.
Multiple invasions of a generalist herbivore—Secondary contact between two divergent lineages of Nezara viridula Linnaeus in Australia
Authors: Brookes Dean Robert , Hereward James P. , Wilson Lewis J. , Walter Gimme Hugh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe presence of distinct evolutionary lineages within herbivorous pest insect taxa requires close attention. Scientific understanding, biosecurity planning and practice, and pest management decision‐making each suffer when such situations remain poorly understood. The pest bug Nezara viridula Linnaeus has been recorded from numerous host plants and has two globally distributed mitochondrial (mtDNA) lineages. These mtDNA lineages co‐occur in few locations globally, and the consequences of their divergence and recent secondary contact have not been assessed. We present evidence that both mtDNA lineages of N. viridula are present in Australia and their haplotype groups have a mostly separate distribution from one another. The north‐western population has only Asian mtDNA haplotypes, and the population with an eastern distribution is characterized mostly by European mtDNA haplotypes. Haplotypes of both lineages were detected together at only one site in the north of eastern Australia, and microsatellite data indicate that this secondary contact has resulted in mating across the lineages. Admixture and the movement of mtDNA haplotypes outside of this limited area of overlap has not, however, been extensive. Some degree of mating incompatibility or differences in the climatic requirements and tolerances of the two lineages, and perhaps a combination of these influences, might limit introgression and the movement of individuals, but this needs to be tested. This work provides the foundation for further ecological investigation of the lineages of N. viridula, particularly the consequences of admixture on the ecology of this widespread pest. We propose that for now, the Asian and European lineages of N. viridula would best be investigated as subspecies, so that “pure” and admixed populations of this bug can each be considered directly with respect to management and research priorities.
Comparison of the skin microbiota in acne and rosacea
Authors: Thompson Katherine G. , Rainer Barbara M. , Antonescu Corina , Florea Liliana , Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Kang Sewon , Chien Anna L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcne and rosacea, despite their similar clinical presentations, follow distinct clinical courses, suggesting that fundamental differences exist in their pathophysiology. We performed a case‐control study profiling the skin microbiota in rosacea and acne patients compared to matched controls. Nineteen rosacea and eight acne patients were matched to controls by age ± 5 years, sex and race. DNA was extracted from facial skin swabs. The V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and analysed using QIIME/Metastats 2.0 software. The mean relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes in rosacea with inflammatory papules and pustules (20.454% ±16.943%) was more similar to that of acne (19.055% ±15.469%) than that of rosacea without inflammatory papules and pustules (30.419% ±21.862%). C acnes (P = .048) and Serratia marcescens (P = .038) were significantly enriched in individuals with rosacea compared to acne. Investigating the differences between the skin microbiota in acne and rosacea can provide important clues towards understanding the disease progression in each condition.
A novel homozygous mutation p.E88K in maternal SLC30A2 gene as a cause of transient neonatal zinc deficiency
Authors: Li Zhongtao , Wang Jiayue , Yang Yuan , Wang Sheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe SLC30A2 gene encodes zinc transporter ZnT2, which is indispensable for the transport of zinc into the breast milk in the mammary gland. Transient neonatal zinc deficiency (TNZD) is caused by a mutation in the maternal SLC30A2 gene and has a clinical presentation similar to that of acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE). We described the case of a Chinese infant who presented with AE‐like lesions 10 days after birth. Sanger sequencing of the AE‐causing gene SLC39A4 revealed no mutations in genomic DNA from the infant, excluding the possibility of AE. Detection of the mother's breast milk showed a significantly lower zinc level. Thus, SLC30A2 sequencing was performed on her genomic DNA and a previously unreported homozygous c.262G > A (p.E88K) mutation was disclosed. Functional analysis suggested the novel mutation could lead to a strong disruption of zinc secretion, which indicated a complete loss of function in the ZnT2 protein. We finally diagnosed the infant with TNZD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of TNZD caused by a homozygous mutation in the maternal SLC30A2 gene. Compared to the heterozygous condition, a homozygous mutation seems to result in a more significant decrease in zinc secretion and a more rapid onset of TNZD.
Zircon fission‐track and U–Pb double dating using femtosecond laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry: A technical note
Authors: Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Danhara Yugo , Hirabayashi Saori , Nakajima Toru , Sakai Harutaka , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a new LA–ICP–MS system for zircon fission‐track (FT) and U–Pb double dating, whereby a femtosecond laser combined with galvanometric optics simultaneously ablates multiple spots to measure average surface U contents. The U contents of zircon measured by LA–ICP–MS and standardized with the NIST SRM610 glass are comparable to those measured by the induced FT method, and have smaller analytical errors. LA–ICP–MS FT dating of seven zircon samples including three IUGS age standards is as accurate as the external detector method, but can give a higher‐precision age depending on the counting statistics of the U content measurement. Double dating of the IUGS age standards gives FT and U–Pb ages that are in agreement. A chip of the Nancy 91500 zircon has a homogeneous U content of 84 ppm, suggesting the possibility of using this zircon as a matrix‐matched U‐standard for FT dating. When using the Nancy 91500 zircon as a U‐standard, a zeta calibration value of 42–43 year cm2 for LA–ICP–MS FT dating is obtained. While this value is strictly valid only for the particular session, it can serve as a reference for other studies.
The performance effects of collective and individual bargaining: A comprehensive and granular analysis of the effects of different bargaining systems on company productivity
Authors: BRAAKMANN Nils , BRANDL Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing representative company‐level data for all Member States of the European Union, the authors analyse the relationship between different processes and institutional structures of collective bargaining and the development of company labour productivity. Their results clearly show that these differences have wide‐ranging effects. While some processes and structures of collective bargaining – specifically sectorally uncoordinated systems – appear to be detrimental to company performance, the opposite can be said about sectorally coordinated systems. Thus, what matters are the processes and institutional structures in which collective bargaining is embedded and not whether bargaining should be conducted collectively or individually.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 promotes T helper type 17 differentiation by promoting interleukin‐9 production
Authors: Han Dongmei , Medina‐Rodriguez Eva M. , Lowell Jeffrey A. , Beurel Eléonore 
Published: April 2020

SummaryT helper type 17 (Th17) cells are recognized as important contributors to the deleterious effects of several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Clarifying mechanisms that control the production of Th17 cells may therefore provide new strategies for developing novel interventions in a broad spectrum of disorders. Th17 cell differentiation is promoted by glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3), but the mechanisms for this are only beginning to be understood. Using T‐cell‐selective depletion of GSK3β and multiple selective pharmacological GSK3 inhibitors, we found that GSK3 inhibition decreased C‐C motif chemokine (ccl)20, C‐C motif chemokine receptor (ccr)6, interleukin (IL)‐9, Runt‐related transcription factor (Runx)1, interferon regulatory factor (Irf)4 and c‐maf mRNA expression after 2 days of Th17 cell differentiation in vitro. These effects were found to be independent of the master regulator transcription factor retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor γT (RORγT), as GSK3 inhibition still reduced Th17 cell differentiation in RORγT‐depleted cells. Because IL‐9 was approximately ninefold down‐regulated in GSK3β−/− CD4 cells, we tested if reintroduction of IL‐9 during Th17 cell differentiation abolished the inhibition by GSK3 deficiency of Th17 cell differentiation. We found that IL‐9 over‐expression was sufficient to reverse the inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation by GSK3 inhibition or depletion. We found that IL‐9 enhances Th17 cell differentiation in part through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, and IL‐9 also enhances STAT3 binding to the IL‐17a promoter. Altogether, these findings suggest that IL‐9 might be an important mediator of GSK3β‐dependent enhancement of Th17 cell differentiation.
A 10‐year retrospective study of paediatric emergency department visits for dental conditions in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Ferraz dos Santos Beatriz , Dabbagh Basma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrends of paediatric emergency visits (ED) for dental conditions have been broadly discussed; however, little has been published in the Canadian context.AimTo describe the utilization of ED for dental conditions among children and to investigate demographic characteristics influencing its use.DesignA comprehensive review of records of all children aged 1‐17 years who attended the ED service of a paediatric hospital in Montreal, Canada, for dental conditions over a 10‐year period (2004‐2013) was completed. Information on the child's principal dental diagnosis, sociodemographic data, and source of referral was obtained.ResultsA total of 10 905 paediatric ED visits were seen during the study period. Among the children, 54.7% were male and the majority was younger than 6 years old. Dental caries constituted the most common reason for ED presentation comprising close to 43% of total visits for a dental complaint. Females, teenagers, and self‐referred children were more likely to experience ED visits due to non‐traumatic dental conditions.ConclusionsThe utilization of ED for dental conditions has increased among pre‐school children in the last decade and was mostly due to caries‐related dental problems. Effective preventive strategies are needed to improve the oral health condition of children.
The effect of two different irrigation needles on post‐operative pain after pulpectomy in primary molar teeth: A randomized clinical study
Authors: Topçuoğlu Gamze , Topçuoğlu Hüseyin Sinan , Delikan Ebru , Çalişkan Seçil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative pain (PP) following pulpectomy is of concern for endodontic patients and dentists.AimThis study evaluated the intensity of PP following pulpectomy in primary maxillary molars, using two irrigation needles.DesignOne hundred patients in ages ranging from 6‐9 years requiring pulpectomy for asymptomatic primary teeth with non‐vital pulp were included in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 50 patients each, according to the type of irrigation needle used, that is, a conventional open‐ended needle and a double side‐vented needle. The teeth were obturated and then permanently restored. The presence of PP was assessed after six, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and finally after one week, using a four‐point pain intensity scale. The PP scores were then statistically analysed.ResultsIn 6, 12, and 24 hours time intervals, patients who had their teeth irrigated with the open‐ended needle exhibited more intense PP than those who had their teeth irrigated with a double side‐vented needle (P < .05). After 48 hours, 72 hours, and 1 week, however there was no significant difference between the groups (P > .05).ConclusionsSide‐vented needles may be preferred in order to decrease PP at the first 24 hours after pulpectomy in primary molars.
What’s Wrong with the Online Echo Chamber: A Motivated Reasoning Account
Authors: Avnur Yuval 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this ‘age of information’, some worry that we get our news from online ‘echo chambers’, news feeds on our social media accounts that contain information from like‐minded sources. Filtering our information in this way seems prima facie problematic from an epistemic perspective. I vindicate this intuition by offering an explanation of what is wrong with online echo chambers that appeals to a particular kind of motivated reasoning, or bias due to one’s interests. This sort of bias affects, not which evidence one is exposed to, but how one makes use of the evidence that one has, on the basis of one’s interests. I argue that consulting an online echo chamber often facilitates and amplifies this bias. I then draw some general conclusions about the potential downside of having ready access to so much information.
Retracted: CDK4/6 inhibition suppresses tumour growth and enhances the effect of temozolomide in glioma cells
Authors: Cao Yingxiao , Li Xin , Kong Shiqi , Shang Shuling , Qi Yanhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn adults, glioma is the most commonly occurring and invasive brain tumour. For malignant gliomas, the current advanced chemotherapy includes TMZ (temozolomide). However, a sizeable number of gliomas are unyielding to TMZ, hence, giving rise to an urgent need for more efficient treatment choices. Here, we report that cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 (CDK4) is expressed at significantly high levels in glioma cell lines and tissues. CDK4 overexpression enhances colony formation and proliferation of glioma cells and extends resistance to inhibition of TMZ‐mediated cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. However, CDK4 knockdown impedes colony formation and cell proliferation, and enhances sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ. The selective inhibition of CDK4/6 impedes glioma cell proliferation and induces apoptotic induction. The selective inhibitors of CDK4/6 may enhance glioma cell sensitivity to TMZ. We further showed the possible role of RB phosphorylation mediated by CDK4 for its oncogenic function in glioma. The growth of glioma xenografts was inhibited in vivo, through combination treatment, and corresponded to enhanced p‐RB levels, reduced staining of Ki‐67 and enhanced activation of caspase 3. Therefore, CDK4 inhibition may be a favourable strategy for glioma treatment and overcomes TMZ resistance.
Comparison of guidelines and consensus articles on the management of patients with acne with oral isotretinoin
Authors: Dessinioti C. , Zouboulis C.C. , Bettoli V. , Rigopoulos D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGuidelines and consensus on the management of patients with acne aim to give evidence‐based, expert‐group recommendations. This review compares current guidelines and consensus articles to provide a compilation of recommendations on the treatment of acne with oral isotretinoin. Ten common, relevant, clinical questions are addressed, based on published recommendations, including the indications of isotretinoin, the proposed daily dose, the cumulative isotretinoin dose and the laboratory monitoring needed. Recommendations on special considerations are also addressed, including the timing of procedures and the question of an association of depression or inflammatory bowel disease with isotretinoin. A major limitation is the use of different classification systems for acne across guidelines. The recommended daily dose ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg in the European guidelines to up to 1 mg/kg in the US guidelines. A specific duration of treatment of at least 6 months is only recommended in the European guidelines. All guidelines report the need of strict pregnancy prevention measures. The European, French and US guidelines recommend to monitor for symptoms of depression. Important clinical questions that are inconsistently addressed in guidelines include the age indication, the recommendation for a cumulative dose, the timing of procedures, the association of isotretinoin with IBD, the recommendation for preventing acne flares and for appropriate laboratory monitoring. These topics should be clearly included in the recommendations of guidelines as they are often raised in everyday clinical practice.