bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation the Virtual Water Content and the Virtual Water Transfer for Iraqi Wheat
Authors: Ewaid Salam Hussein , Abed Salwan Ali , Abbas Abtisam Jasim , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The amounts of clean waters on our planet are limited by global climate change, growing population, and pollutant rates. Therefore it is important to use more effective water management strategies. The methodology of water footprint (WF) analyzes, directly and indirectly, the blue, green and gray components of water (consumed and polluted). It is also possible to calculate the virtual water contents (VWC) behind the products. In terms of the sustainability and efficiency of freshwater resources, particularly in water-scarce regions, the approach to WF contributes towards water management studies and the analysis of the total water used in the import and export products supply chain. The VWC approach provided new insights into international water transfers that give water an economic value. The objective of this research is to help to build the national water management and sustainable development strategy. In this sense, it was measured separately the WF of the imported quantities of wheat. Virtual water flow was identified in the most important countries. Savings and losses arising from wheat trading on national and global water were also noted and addressed. It was found that in 2019, the wheat WF was 1876 m3/ton of water, WF of production was 8,147,468,000 m3/year and for import was 1,184,007,630 m3/year. From importing wheat, Iraq saved 46,672,673 m3 of water but there is no global water saving.
Measurement of radioactive contamination in some oil sites in Nineveh
Authors: Yousufx Rasheed Mahmood 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Five locations have been chosen within the oil field of the oil wells area at the Qayyarah region in Iraq. Soil samples were collected from the surface of the earth up to a depth of 10 cm. Radiation levels in the samples were measured by the Gamma spectroscopy technique using the NaI (Tl) detector applying the measurement procedure used by Yousuf and Abdulla (1, 2).
Results in this research include the radiation levels of (226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs) such that the results include specific activity, (Raeq), dose rate D(n Gy h−1), absorption dose in air D (μSv h−1)
, External hazard Index (Hex), Internal risk index (Hin), Level index of Gamma (Iϒ) and Level index of alpha radiation hazard (Iα).
Study of excitation energies and transmission potential of the reduced quadruple B (E2) for the 70Zn isotope by applying the nuclear shell model
Authors: Hamidi Abbas M. , Obeed Fatema H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the excited energy levels and reduced electric quadrupole transition probabilities (BE2 ↓) in both pure and mixed configuration s of 70Zn nucleus have been calculated by applying the nuclear shell model. In the present study, the surface delta and modified surface delta interactions within the model space (1p3/2,0f5/2, 1p1/2 and 0g9/2) have been used for two protons outside the closed nuclear core represented by the 68Ni nucleus. The equations are programmed for the above two interactions and the reduced electric quadrupole transition probabilities (BE2 ↓) equations using the Fortran version 95. Through the used Fortran version 95 program code, the elements of the matrix have been calculated for two particles which are necessary to calculate the eigenvalues, the eigenvectors and then the final energies of the nucleus that has been used in the current study. Through the calculations, theoretical results that have well agreement with the available practical values have been obtained. The total angular momentum and parity of some uncertain and unspecified energy levels have been confirmed and determined by the total angular momentum and the practical parity. Also, new values have been identified for both the excited energy levels and the reduced electric quadrupole transition probabilities (BE2 ↓), these values are considered as a suggestion that increases theoretical knowledge of each of the energy levels and the expected transition probabilities during this study.
Coefficient Estimates for Subclass of Analytic Function Using Quasi-Subordination
Authors: Sabah Teba R. , Juma Abdul Rahman S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The main aim of the present paper is to introduce some subclasses of analytic univalent function in U = {z: |z| < 1} the concept of Quasi-Subordination, the estimates of the Fekete-Szego coefficient function

|

c
3

−
σ

c
2
2

|

for functions belonging to these subclasses are obtained.
Implications of the timing of residential natural gas use for appliance electrification efforts
Authors: Daniel Fournier Eric , Cudd Robert , Federico Felicia , Pincetl Stephanie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Current strategies for deep decarbonization of the residential building sector invoke the following three pillars of action: (1) radically improve the efficiency of end-use electricity consumption, (2) shift to 100% renewable generation of electrical grid power, and (3) move aggressively to electrify all remaining fossil fuel end-uses. Due to the previous unavailability of high temporal resolution natural gas consumption data, the pursuit of this policy agenda has largely occurred in the absence of a thorough understanding of hourly variations in the intensity of household natural gas use. These variations can have important downstream impacts on the electricity system once electrification has been achieved. This study presents a series of analyses which are based upon a novel dataset of hourly interval natural consumption data obtained for (N = 17,072) households located within a low-income portion of Southern California Gas Company’s service territory. Results indicate that diurnal patterns of hourly natural gas use largely coincide with the timing of daily peak electricity loads. These findings suggest that the aggressive electrification of residential end-use appliances has the potential to exacerbate daily peak electricity demand, increase total household expenditures on energy, and, in the absence of a fully decarbonized electrical grid, likely result in only limited greenhouse gas emissions abatement benefits.
Integrating energy access, efficiency and renewable energy policies in sub-Saharan Africa: a model-based analysis
Authors: Dagnachew Anteneh G , Poblete-Cazenave Miguel , Pachauri Shonali , Hof Andries F , van Ruijven Bas , van Vuuren Detlef P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The role of energy in social and economic development is recognised by sustainable development goal 7 that targets three aspects of energy access: ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services, substantially increase the share of renewable energy, and double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency. With the projected increase in population, income and energy access in sub-Saharan Africa, demand for energy services is expected to increase. This increase can be met through increasing the supply while at the same time improving households’ energy efficiency. In this paper, we explore the interactions between the three SDG7 targets by applying two integrated assessment models, IMAGE and MESSAGE, that incorporate socio-economic heterogeneity of the end-user. The results of the study depict the synergistic relationships between the three SDG7 objectives. Relative to pursuing only the universal access target, integration of all three targets could (a) reduce residential final energy consumption by up to 25%, enabling the use of mini-grid and stand-alone systems to provide better energy services, (b) cut annual energy-use-related residential emissions by a third, and (c) lower energy related investments by up to 30% to save scarce finance.
From two-dimensional (super-integrable) quantum dynamics to (super-integrable) three-body dynamics
Authors: Turbiner Alexander V , Miller Willard , Escobar-Ruiz M A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is shown that planar quantum dynamics can be related to three-body quantum dynamics in the space of relative motion with a special class of potentials. As an important special case the O(d) symmetry reduction from d degrees of freedom to one degree is presented. A link between two-dimensional (super-integrable) systems and three-body (super-integrable) systems is revealed. As illustration we present number of examples. We demonstrate that the celebrated Calogero–Wolfes three-body potential has a unique property: two-dimensional quantum dynamics coincides with three-body quantum dynamics on the line at d = 1; it is governed by the Tremblay–Turbiner–Winternitz potential for parameter k = 3.
Pollution from Non-Biodegradable Electrical Wastes: Risk Analysis of Lead (Pb) Contaminants
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Aimudo O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multi-pollutions from e-wastes are potential source of epidemic in the nearest future. This research considers the main component of e-waste i.e. lead (Pb) contaminants. The analysis of lead contaminants from some devices was used to calculate the risk analysis on four classes of persons. It was observed that the elderly, children, and landfill workers are the most vulnerable class of persons to lead contaminants. The risk analysis on the ecosystem was also carried using the ERICA 1.3 software. It was observed that agricultural production may suffer lower farm yield and there will be high susceptibility to health issues as there will be about a 15-50% decrease of peripheral blood cells in humans.
Modeling Indoor Bioaerosols Dispersion Pattern Using the First Principle: A Case Study of One Bedroom Apartment
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Ojo O.A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Indoor bioaerosols dispersion within a building depends on certain conditions that make the apartment experience various deposition patterns. This challenge makes bioaerosols monitoring a very difficult exercise. In this study, mathematical experimentation was carried out in a one-bedroom apartment to investigate bioaerosols dispersion patterns in each compartment of the building. It was discovered that if the building is well ventilated either by the switching-on of a fan or air conditioner, turbulence dispersion would be observed in one of the compartments of the building and may lead to prolonged suspension of particulates within the building. Hence, bioaerosols retention in the building depends on the magnitude of the first-order rate constant for emission.
Characterization of Powdered Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Crown Leaves as Adsorbent for Crystal Violet in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Nieva A.D. , Avena L.G.S. , Pascual M.A.M. , Pamintuan K.R.S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the potential of powdered pineapple crown leaves (PCL) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution using batch and column studies. The PCL was simply washed, dried, and powdered prior to adsorption. FTIR analysis of PCL surface before and after adsorption revealed that hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups are among the groups responsible for surface bonding with CV. SEM photographs of the adsorbent before and after revealed clumping on the surface of PCL, possibly indicating the sites where CV had been adsorbed. Elemental analyses through XRF revealed that K+ ion is a major part of PCL, and this could explain the affinity of CV for PCL through cation-π interactions. Batch adsorption studies were carried out as a function of biosorbent dose and initial dye concentration. The %removal of PC increased as biosorbent dose was increased, but the biosorbent capacity decreased. This was attributed to scattering of CV to more active sites in PCL. Biosorbent capacity increased as the initial dye concentration was increased, while %removal decreased. This was due to the faster saturation of the substrate. For equilibrium studies, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied. The equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 6.4935 mg/g. The relatively high maximum biosorption capacity coupled with the absence of chemical treatment needed before adsorption makes PCL an effective and sustainable biosorbent for the removal of CV.
Utilization of Pandan Leaf Fibers (Pandanus simplex merr.) for the Production of Paper
Authors: Juliano Michael Angelo L , Tayo Lemmuel L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the main consumers of natural resources and energy is the paper industry. Wood is the conventional raw material in the producing pulp and paper around the world. The dependence on timber material to produce paper has led to the severe deforestation and greatly affected the ecosystem’s flora and fauna. With the increasing demand for paper, efforts are being made to find non-timber materials for paper production. Pandanus simplex merr. is a Pandanus species that is endemic to the Philippines and the amount of agricultural waste materials from its leaves being used for weaving contributes to solid wastes. In this study, we investigate the production of paper sheets from Pandanus simplex merr. leaf fibers and determine the effect of the pulping concentration to the tensile properties of the paper sheet made. The paper sample made using a 5% w/v NaOH pulping solution had the highest tensile index of 2.234 Nm g−1, tear index of 8.46 mN m2 g−1, and average pore size 29.094 μm. The paper sheets produced showed potential as a sorbent material and can be used as an alternative to wood source in producing pulp and paper.
Climatic Records to Aid Urban Planning and Improvement of Thermal Comfort in Buildings: A Case Study on Agege-Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Henmaugo T. P. , Afolalu S.A. , Abodunrin J.T. , Banjo S.O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The thermal comfort in a building enables the spread of communicable diseases or initiate skin irritations amongst others. Most models on thermal comfort have proven to be localized in the application, as thermal comfort depends on the climatic condition over a geographical area. Based on the above, there is the need to adopt the local method to understand the thermal comfort indexes in Agege. Thirty-nine years dataset (1980-2018) of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction was obtained from MERRA-NASA database for Agege, Lagos Nigeria. The dataset was divided into early dry season (i.e. September, October, November- SON), late dry season (i.e. December, January February-DJF), early wet season (i.e. March, April, May – MAM) and late wet season (i.e. June, July, August-JJA). It was observed that the effect of climate change was significant. Hence, it is recommended that the inhabitants of the area should go green by planting trees and shrubs. Also, there is a need to modify the urban plan to decongest the area.
3D anisotropic Ising model with Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Elidrysy A. , Harir S. , Zouhair A. , Boughaleb Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Magnetization, susceptibility and Curie temperature of 3D anisotropic Ising model for ½ spins system have been investigated by making use of the Monte Carlo simulation. The considered model is parametrized by exchange interaction parameter J, anisotropy parameter γ. The obtained results allowed us to show that for strong coupling case in z axis (γ > 1), the critical temperature is widely to the conventional value of the 3D materials (Tc
= 6,32J).Thus, an optimal integration of interplanar atoms in z-axis can generate materials that retain the ferromagnetic property even at high temperature.
Numerical Study Of Water Circulation In Shallow Basin Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Machrouhi K. , Charafi M. M. , Hasnaoui A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the present work, a code based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed to study the hydrodynamic field in a shallow basin with complicated geometry. It is a non-regular border basin with dikes built inside. The LBM method was therefore used to solve the Navier Stokes equations with boundary conditions which express that the components of the horizontal two-dimensional velocity field are zero at closed boundaries (sealing and non-slip conditions), while the flow is imposed at the entrance of the basin, and a zero speed gradient is imposed at the free exit of the basin (condition of continuity of the flow). The validation of the developed code was verified by comparing the results obtained with those of Charafi et al. [5], where the finite difference method with a MacCormack scheme was used. A good agreement of the results was noted. A series of simulations was made for different values of the Reynolds number, and showed good performance of the code. The main advantage of the LBM method seen in this work lies in the simplicity of its implementation. However, the model suffers from some limitations such as its validity for low Reynolds numbers (Re = 400)
New analytical expressions of photovoltaic solar module physical parameters: Effects of module temperature and incident solar irradiance
Authors: El Achouby H , Zaimi M , Ibral A , Zegoudi O , Assaid E M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present three methods to extract model physical parameters of a photovoltaic solar module modelled by a single-diode electronic circuit. The model physical parameters we are looking for are photocurrent Iph
, saturation current Is
, ideality factor η, series resistance Rs
and shunt conductance Gp
. The first method is based on exact solution of module characteristic equation, the second one uses exact expression of dynamic conductance and the third one makes use of exact expression of the integral of translated current-voltage characteristics (I-Isc
). In all these extraction methods, we achieve numerical fitting of experimental data of output current, differential conductance and area under translated characteristics with suitable analytical expressions to get model physical parameters at standard test conditions (STC). Then, we assume these values as initial conditions and derive exact analytical expressions reporting effects of module temperature and incident solar irradiance on photocurrent, saturation current and ideality factor using temperature coefficients provided as well as irradiance coefficients extracted from module manufacturer datasheet. We examine new analytical expressions of model physical parameters in the case of Shell SQ80 photovoltaic solar module at arbitrary operating conditions of module temperature and solar irradiance. We evidence good agreement between experimental characteristics and forecasted analytical characteristics generated by new analytical expressions.
Molecular-Dynamics Study Of Self-Diffusion: Of The Au4;Au4/Ag(110) System
Authors: Eddiai F. , Dardouri M. , El Azrak H. , Hassani A. , Sbiaai K. , Hassnaoui A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we will shed light on the results obtained from the molecular dynamics method in the temperature ranging of 300-700K. This investigation concerning the coalescence for the two tetramers islands of system having different forms (SS, TT and NN) deposited at different spacing sites in-channel and cross-channel. The stability of the systems, the diffusion phenomena produced during the dynamics, as well as the diffusion/coalescence lifetime during the evolution of temperature are dependent. The dynamic study shows that between 450K and 650K the homogeneous partial coalescence occurs through the mechanism of the jump. As time goes by increasing the temperature which favors the process of exchange the heterogeneous total coalescence is obtained.
Investigation of a solid formed on the electrode surface of a damaged supercapacitor in order to determine the ageing process
Authors: Erradi A. , Touhtouh S. , El Ballouti A. , Hajjaji A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Supercapacitors are important energy storage devices with high power and long life. But they always age much faster than expected by some mechanisms. In addition, despite considerable efforts to understand these mechanisms, there is still a lack of a clear picture of the parasitic reactions that occur in operating devices. Therefore, in this work, based on an experimental study of a damaged supercapacitor, we analyzed a white powder occurring on the surface of the electrodes due to aging. The identification of the elements of this powder is carried out by X-ray diffraction, 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results obtained allow us to determine the causes of ageing and thus to understand their mechanisms.
Extraction of the natural indigo carmine pigment from the Isatis plant, characterization and dyeing of wool
Authors: Raji Y , Mechnou I , Yassine W , Kadri Z , Oumghar K , Cherkaoui O , Zyade S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Natural indigo is hardly used anymore, replaced by synthetic indigo. Considered to be more powerful and more intense. The aim of this study is to optimize the method of extracting indigo carmine from the Isatis plant located in the Timhdit region of Morocco, during the fermentation period of the extracted liquid (pH = 10) and by adding 10% sugar it was possible to increase the yield by 0.5% indigo carmine blue powder to 0.9%. The main effect of applying centrifugation at 7000 rpm instead of conventional filtration is the reduction of the time from 30 min to 5 min as well as the reduction of the loss of traces of indigo in the filter papers by easily recovering the blue powder in the form of sediment in the centrifuge tubes. The extracted pigment is characterized by the infrared which confirmed the structure of the indigo carmine obtained, by visible UV spectroscopy, the maximum absorption of which is approximately 598 nm. This blue pigment was applied to the wool fibres by optimizing the dyeing procedure (T = 50 ° C and pH=10) with a 1/100 bath ratio and a 35 min soaking time. Dyed wool sample has reached a rigid fixation confirmed by the test for fastness washing 105-C06 and to friction 105 -X12.
Pedestrian crossing system for the mechanical energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials
Authors: Malki Zakaria , Ennawaoui Chouaib , Hajjaji Abdelowahed , Najihi Ikram , Eljouad Mohamed , Boughaleb Yahia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, researchers have been developing solutions to reduce our energy consumption by optimizing existing systems in different ways. Indeed, it is not enough just to create or use renewable energies but we must also not waste the available energy. This and systems are developed to recover unused energy of human body movement, which will be used to power either the equipment itself or another.
This paper proposes a pressure-type generator that collects human mechanical energy by stepping, a prototype is already designed and manufactured. The average output voltage can reach to 20.9 V by step for F = 100N,and finally, we did a series of tests to prove that the device can have great power output performance in the low frequency environment of the human foot movement.