bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Additive Chemicals on Soil Characteristics
Authors: Sutarman Encu , Widjajani  , Dwipriyoko Estiyan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The occurrence of landslides in the hills of Walahir, Kidang Pananjung village, Cililin subdistrict. Bandung in May 2004 needed attention and research so that the causes of the landslide could be identified. This landslide took many lives and property, heaped around 5 hectares of rice fields and residents’ villages below and claimed 15 lives. Based on geotechnical investigations, the slip plane is at a depth of 4 meters from the ground surface and the area of the landslide ranges from 30,000 m2 leaving weathered rock beneath. Is the opening of agricultural land and fields followed by the use of chemical fertilizers is one of the causes of landslides? This study aims to determine the effect of a single chemical fertilizer (Urea, Za, SP36) and compound (Green Giant NPK, MKP) on the soil under conditions of optimum water content and water saturation or soaked which are carried out at the Chemical Laboratory of the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Bandung and Mechanics Laboratory Bandung Institute of Technology. Research on the influence of chemical fertilizers which is carried out using percentages of 1%, 2% and 3% with a relatively short ripening time intends to analyze the extent to which chemical fertilizers have an effect. Research is limited to the identification of minerals and chemical elements of original soil, soil physis properties, Atterberg boundaries, soil index properties, soil classification, soil elastic modulus. Hypothesis; The chemical content of fertilizers in the soil causes changes in soil characteristics. The method of taking original soil is by drilling original soil around the area where landslide disaster occurred at the same height as the height of the landslide slope, soil samples taken from depths of 1 meter and 3 meters from the surface of the land or the base layer between soil and rocks based on ASTM D-1452, 1587, 1586. Laboratory data from the original soil and chemical soil mixture of fertilizers is needed as input data for the study material and is an analytical proof of the hypothesis. Based on research that the presence of chemical fertilizers in soil samples with optimum water content causes the water content in the soil to decrease this is because chemical fertilizers absorb water while the soaked soil samples cause the water content in the soil to increase, the plasticity index decreases so that changing the soil classification in the area from OH-MH becomes ML-OL unified classification and the elasticity of the soil changes. Based on the analysis that the presence of chemical fertilizers showed an influence on the physical properties of the soil where soil minerals are very possible the replacement of cations of the chemical elements contained in the chemical fertilizers. The addition of chemical fertilizer by 3% and curing time for 14 days is a maximum condition compared to the percentage and age of other curing.
Economic value of non timber forest products - A Case study from South Tapanuli, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Latifah S , Lubis N A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are any product or service other than wood produced in the forest. NTFPs that are used by people around the forest are medicinal plants, resins, gums, essences and a series of bark and fibre, fruits and nuts. The study was conducted in Marancar Godang Village, Marancar District, South Tapanuli Regency, and North Sumatera. This study tries to find out, the dependence and significance of livelihoods from NTFPs for forest-dependent people. The study site has economic value for the utilization of non-timber forest products is 2,441,416,000,- IDR/year. The existence of forests is still a support for people’s lives in the economic field.
Determinants of the mixed crop and livestock farming practice among smallholder farmers in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province
Authors: Widarni N A A , Astuti A , Andarwati S , Kusumastuti T A , Putra A R S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The mixed crop and livestock (MCL) farming could enhance farmers to improve their farming practice. This study aims to analyse factors that influence the adoption of MCL farming in Magelang Regency. A multistage random sampling method was used to select the locations and the respondents. Data were collected through personal interview based on structured questionnaire from 161 smallholder farmers. Logit models was applied to analyse the binary choices of practicing MCL farming. The result indicated that age, consulting toward extension agent, and number of livestock kept by farmer were significant at the level 10%, experience on raising livestock was significant at the level 5% and type of ruminants was significant at the level 1%. It may conclude that the younger farmers and farmers who raised large ruminants were have more possibility to adopt the MCL farming practice.
Managerial implications of North Sumatera coffee export risks using the failure mode and effect analysis method
Authors: Fadhilah D D , Ayu S F , Rahmanta  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Managing risk can be conducted starting with the process of identifying and measuring the magnitude of the risks occurred. The study of coffee export risk management research is based on the experience of experts in the coffee export business. Risk management is the most important element to protect companies from the risk of losses that may arise. The purpose of this study is to examine the types and sources of risk, as well as the magnitude of the risk. Then give a proposed strategy in the risk of North Sumatra coffee exports. The location of the research determined purposively. The research data are primary data obtained from interviews using questionnaire. The data analysis method used is Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The results showed that the biggest risk to coffee exports was in production activities (procurement of raw materials until it ready to be sent) while the lowest risk was at policy risk. The exporters need to give sustained guidance to farmers in yielding products in accordance with standards and be able to cooperate with the government in the continuity of export.
Consumer preference on milk crackers made from goat milk based on organoleptic test in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar N A , Susanti A T , Nasution A A , Sitindaon S H , Sobur  , Marimpun  , Siregar D J S , Lubis N , Ginting S P , Hasnudi  , Henuk Y L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine consumer preference on milk crackers made from goat milk based on organoleptic test in Medan, Indonesia. Thirty consumers were determined by using judgement sampling techniques of organoleptic to assess the satisfaction of consumer to goat’s milk cracker included colour, taste, crispiness, flavour and overall acceptance of goat’s milk cracker made from goat milk after frying. Organoleptic test resulted in processing milk crackers made from goat milk with various variations in the addition of goat milk into the basic formula produced a positive effect on colour, taste, crispness, aroma and overall acceptance of milk crackers. Organoleptic test resulted in processing milk crackers with different drying time do not significantly affected the colour, taste, crispness, aroma and overall acceptance of milk crackers. The most preferred treatment by panellists was the addition of 1 litre of goat milk contained a carbohydrate of 48.8%, protein 3.52% and fat 34.6%.
Improvement strategy of livestock business in Deli Serdang
Authors: Lindawati L , Henderawan D , Zulfida I , Lumbantoruan K N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of livestock business to find out the strategies taken in improving livestock products. Determination of the study area was done purposively. The method of determining the sample is a census with a total sample of 37 breeders. Data analysis methods used were business feasibility analysis (R/C) and SWOT analysis. The results showed livestock business in the study area can be said to be feasible where the value of R/C> 1 was 1.89 obtained from depreciation costs of IDR 3,287,552, variable costs of IDR 5,403,108, revenue of IDR 111,414,865 and income of IDR 52,724,205. The right strategy to increase the production of livestock business in the study area lies in quadrant I, which is Aggressive or SO (Strengths and Opportunity) strategies which include forcing the availability of labour and forage feed to increase implementation patterns of integration of livestock with plants, beef quality can be supported by the condition of livestock that is protected from disease so that the availability of local livestock products in the market is sufficient to meet the high demand for beef. The experience of livestock can broaden knowledge in developing livestock business supported by technological developments.
The impact of import quota and reference price policies on the shallot price and supply in North Sumatera
Authors: Pane T C , Supriana T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The government policy to limiting shallot import based on quota has an impact on the soaring of domestic shallot price triggering inflation. In order to reduce the inflation rate, the government has changed the basis consideration for import recommendation of shallot horticultural products to be based on a reference price determined by the Minister of Trade. This study analysed the impact of these import quota and reference price policies on the shallot price and supply in North Sumatera. In order to analyse the impact of these government policies, the time series data were analysed using the Compare Means Test, namely the Independent Samples t-Test, so that the differences between before and after the implementation of policies could be estimated. The results showed that the import quota and the reference price policies were not effective in increasing the shallot price at the producer level, but they were effective in decreasing the shallot price at the consumer level, improving the imported shallot price at the consumer level, and also developing the production, harvest area, and productivity of shallot farming.
The supply chain of North Sumatera shallot
Authors: Pane T C , Supriana T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Shallot is one of the main food seasonings in Indonesia, which cannot be substituted with other ingredients. North Sumatera is one of the provinces producing shallot. Even it produces quite a large amount of production, there is still a large gap between the shallot production and consumption amount in North Sumatera due to its high consumption. Thus, the shallot supply chain in North Sumatera must always be maintained, so that the shallot can be well distributed to maintain price stability and meet consumer demand. In order to be managed properly, it is necessary to know the North Sumatera shallot supply chain. This study described the supply chain of North Sumatera shallot. The study was conducted by tracing the North Sumatera shallot supply chain starting from the production centre to the final destination regions, and then the supply chain was drawn in the Causal Loop Diagram. The results showed that the shallot production centres in North Sumatera Province consisted of six districts, namely Simalungun, Samosir, North Tapanuli, Dairi, Karo, and Toba Samosir. There were six final destination regions for shallot from those six districts, namely Medan, Padang Sidempuan, and Sibolga in North Sumatera, Kuta Cane in Aceh, West Sumatera, and Riau.
Analysis factors affecting the success of Brahman Cross female cattle production improvement program from Australia in South Tapanuli District
Authors: Siregar A R , Umar S , Tafsin M , Sari T V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this research were: (1) Knowing the effect maintenance system, marriage system, breeders’ resources, development of related institutions and feeding patterns of livestock body condition scores on Production Improvement Program from Australia in Southern Tapanuli; (2) Knowing the prospects for program development and formulating appropriate strategies to be implemented to support the Brahman Cross Female Production. The determination of samples was done by purposive sampling method as many as 74 respondents. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression and SWOT analysis. The results showed simultaneously, maintenance system, marriage systems, human resources, fostering relevant institutions, feeding patterns, and the farmer knowledge of the animal’s body condition score were influenced the success of livestock production variables, while partially, the variables that were influenced. the success of livestock production and having a positive coefficient value are the maintenance system, the marriage system, breeders’ human resources, and feeding patterns. The results of the SWOT analysis indicate that influence of internal factors is 1.56 and external factors are 1.59 so that an appropriate strategy for the development of Australian Brahman Cross Female Cattle Production Improvement Program in Southern Tapanuli is Opportunity strategy that is used the power to take advantage of opportunities
Birth weight, milk production, and milk quality of Ettawah grade goat at first kidding period supplemented with concentrate contained katuk (Sauropus androgynous) leaf flour and Zn bio complex
Authors: Noach Y R , Handayani H T , Henuk Y L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of Ettawah goat at the kidding period, which supplemented concentrate containing katuk leaf flour and bio complex Zn flour. 16 goats were being used in the study with an average body weight of 38.19±2.4 kg. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were: T0=breeder pattern feed (forage of lamtoro + 0.5 kg concentrate); T1=feed pattern breeder + katuk leaf flour 77.5g; T2=T1+Zn bio complex 1.03 g/kg concentrate; and T3=T1+Zn bio complex 2.06 g/kg concentrate. Variables measured included milk production, milk quality, birth weight of the kid. The results showed that treatments had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on the birth weight of kid and milk production, but it was not significant (p>0.05) on milk quality. Average birth weight of the kid, T0: 2.54±0.08kg; T1: 3.09±0.39kg; T2: 3.10±0.21kg and T3: 3.39±0.61kg. Average does milk production T0: 618.99±5.96; T1: 961.38±38.09; T2: 1016.49±17.35 and T3: 1144.00±92.67ml/head/day. concluded that supplementation of katuk flour and Zn bio complex in feed concentrate for elderly pregnant does of Ettawah goat breeders could increase milk production and birth weight of kid during kidding period.
Increasing propionate acid production in Bali cattle through ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu isoleusinate supplementation as a strategy to mitigate methane gas production
Authors: Hartati E , Saleh A , Sulistijo E D , Oematan G , Benu I , Henuk Y L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinat supplementation with concentrates on rumen fermentation of Bali cattle. The experiment design used randomized block design. The animal randomized, assigned into four groups of treatment diet. They were T0 = Ammoniated kume grass standing hay + concentrate (60:40); T1 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 1 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate; T2 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 2 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate; and T3 = T0 + 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate + 3 % Zn-Cu isoleusinate. Supplementation zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinate in the concentrate did not increase significantly NH3 concentration, total VFA, acetate, and butyrate production. However, supplementation zinc sulfate and Zn-Cu isoleusinate increase significantly (P<0.01) propionate production, decrease propionate and acetate ratio. The best of rumen fermentation achieved at level of ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu isoleusinate supplementation 150 mg ZnSO4 kg−1. Concentrate and 2% Zn-Cu isoleusinat kg−1 diet. It can concluded supplementing Bali cattle with combination of 1.5% lemuru oil, 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM concentrate and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucinate / kg DM ration had increased NH3, VFA concentrations, C3 production, but decreased C2 and C2/C3 ratio which positively correlated with decrease in CH4 gas production.
Preservation of bovine semen using egg yolk substituted with extract guava in water from yellow coconut on the semen quality and fertility of Bali cattle
Authors: Marawali A , Abdullah M S , Jalaludin  , Nalley W M , Hine T M , Henuk Y L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present study used the ratio of 80% coconut water and 11 - 20% egg yolk substitution with extract guava ranged from 4 to 9% in order to determine the quality and fertility of Bali cattle storaged at 50C. This study used a complete factorial design with two factors and six treatments. The first factor was coconut water and egg yolk substituted with extract guava extender at different ratio consisted of 6 treatments. They were: (1) T0 (control) = 80% coconut water + 20% egg yolk without extract guava; (2) T1 = 80% coconut water + 16% egg yolk + 4% extract guava; (3) T1 = 80% coconut water + 15% egg yolk + 5% extract guava; (4) T2 = 80% coconut water + 14% egg yolk + 6% extract guava; (5) T3 = 80% coconut water + 13% egg yolk + 7%; and (5) T4 = 80% coconut water + 12% egg yolk + 8% extract guava; and (6) T5 = 80% coconut water + 11% egg yolk + 9% extract guava. The second factor was the length of storage at low temperature which consisted of 3 treatments, including 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days and 7 days. The semen used in this study had motility ranged from 50 to 55%. The variables measured in this study were intact plasma membrane (IPM) and intact acrosome hood (ICH). The results showed that the percentage of spermatozoa motility for T1 until the sixth day of storage was 55.51%, T2 until the seventh day of storage was 40.14%, T0 to the fifth day was 41.73%, T3 and T4 until the fourth day was 43.85% and 41.11%, respectively, whereas for T5 only until the third day were 51.00% and T6 until the second day amounted to 48.83%. Viability of Bali cattle spermatozoa in the six treatment groups where egg yolk substituted with extract guava was higher (T1, T2 and T6) compared to T0 from the first day until the fifth day of storage. It can be concluded that substitution of 15% egg yolk with 5% extract guava in 80% coconut water diluents can maintain IPM and ICH spermatozoa of Bali cattle until the sixth day of storaged at 5°C.
Utilization complete feed fermented based waste peel cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on the characteristics carcass and non carcass of male Kacang Goat
Authors: Sari T V , Sadeli A , Hanafi N D , Tafsin M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The study aims to determine the effect of the utilization complete feed fermented based waste peel cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on carcass characteristics and non carcass male kacang goat.This study uses a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications.The diets used in this research was complete feed fermented with different percentage of cassava peel, among others P0 (cassava dried 75 % and cassava peel 0 %), P1 (cassava dried 55 % and cassava peel 20 %), P2 (cassava dried 35 % and cassava peel 40 %) and P3 (cassava dried 15 % and cassava peel 60 %). The variables observed in this study include slaughter weight, carcass weight, non carcass weight and carcass percentage.The results obtained in this study indicate that utilization of complete feed fermented based waste cassava peel was not significantly different (P> 0.05) on slaughter weight, carcass weight, non carcass weight and carcass percentage.The conclusion of this study is utilization of complete feed fermented based cassava peel waste does not affect the characteristics carcass and non carcass.
A short note on Siak River, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Onrizal O , Mansor M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Siak River is recorded as the deepest rivers in Indonesia and used as main transportation route since long time ago for bid ship. Due to high human activities, most of the natural resources are disturbed; however there is limited studies related to impact of disturbance on natural resources. This study aimed to record the natural resources of the Siak River both vegetation and fisheries as well as to assess the environmental stress due to human activities around the areas. About 26 species of dominant vegetation was recorded which exotic and invasive plant species had invaded the catchment areas of the Siak River. Fish population and fishermen income were recorded decreasing due to increasing the environmental disturbances. Due to land conversion, sedimentations were occurred. Then environmental pressures on the Siak River were intense by the rapid development of industries and the pollutants are causing risk for humans, biodiversity and environment. Therefore, a good catchment area management need to be implemented to restore the natural resources of the Siak River ecosystem.
Growth and productivity of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on media rice straw mixed with sawdust
Authors: Rambey R , Simbolon F M , Siregar E B M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated in a medium derived from wood dust or lignin which has been weathered and wrapped in plastic. The purpose of this research is to measure the effect of the composition of rice straw mixture on white oyster mushroom growing media on the growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus) and get the best composition of planting media for growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus). The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design consisting of six treatments. The treatment used is the composition of the planting media with a mixture of rice straw 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results showed that the mixture of rice straw resulted in mycelium growth and the age of harvest began to be longer. The composition of the best growing media for growth and productivity of white oyster mushrooms is a mixture of 30% rice straw (300-gram rice straw + sawdust 550 grams).
Characterization of microcapsule containing black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) extract as preventive antioxidant
Authors: Siregar M H , Sinaga H , Ridwansyah  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this analysis was to complete antioxidant activity in microcapsule and to develop black cumin seed extract microcapsules by spray drying technique. The analysis was performed using a non-factorial completely randomized design. Firstly, microcapsules were made with 4 formulations using maltodextrin and soy protein as coating materials for the microcapsule and with black cumin extract and water. Formulation were using in this research were formula A (28,57:14,29:42,86:200), formula B (28,57:14,29:51,43:220), formula C (28,57:14,29:60,00:240), formula D (28,57:14,29:68,57:260). The analysed parameters moisture content, solubility and antioxidant activity (IC50 value). The result showed that the addition black seed extract provides a very significant different (P<0,01) effect on content of moisture, solubility, and antioxidant activity. The best formulation was formula D (28,57:14,29:68,57:260) with result activity antioxidant (IC50) 22,29 µg/ml.