bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Two Ultrathin Biodegradable Polymer Sirolimus‐Eluting Stents in Real‐World Practice: Genoss DES Stents Versus Orsiro Stents From a Prospective Registry
Authors: Jeon Ho Sung , Youn Young Jin , Lee Jung‐Hee , Park Young Jun , Son Jung‐Woo , Lee Jun‐Won , Ahn Min‐Soo , Ahn Sung Gyun , Kim Jang‐Young , Yoo Byung‐Su , Yoon Junghan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Orsiro and Genoss DES stents are biodegradable polymer drug‐eluting stents (DESs) with ultrathin struts.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of these two ultrathin DESs in real‐world practice.MethodsFrom a single‐center prospective registry, we included 751 and 931 patients treated with the Genoss DES and Orsiro stents, respectively. After propensity score matching, we compared 483 patients in each group with respect to a device‐oriented composite outcome (DOCO), which comprised cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization up to 2 follow‐up years.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, there were no significant between‐group differences in clinical and angiographic characteristics. During the median follow‐up period of 730 days (interquartile range, 427–730 days), there was no significant between‐group difference in the DOCO rate (3.1% in the Genoss DES group vs. 2.9% in the Orsiro group, log‐rank p = 0.847).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated comparable safety and efficacy between the Orsiro and Genoss DES stents during a 2‐year follow‐up period in real‐world practice. However, this result should be confirmed in a large randomized controlled trial.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02038127.
Metastatic Malignant Granular Cell Tumor in the Lymph Node: A Cytological Report With Immunocytochemical Analysis
Authors: Okanishi Hiroyuki , Ishida Mitsuaki , Kohno Naoto , Nakayama Hiroko , Ariga Kozue , Ono Shizuka , Deguchi Chihiro , Takeda Reika , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Hirose Yoshinobu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGranular cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively rare, whereas malignant GCTs are extremely rare. This brief report describes a cytological case of metastatic malignant GCT in the lymph node with immunocytochemical analysis. A 77 years old Japanese female with a history of surgical resection for malignant GCT in the back 8 years earlier presented with swelling of the right neck. Intraoperative touch smear of the biopsy specimen of the neck lymph node showed the presence of clusters of polygonal neoplastic cells as well as single neoplastic cells containing rich granular cytoplasm and eccentrically located large round to oval nuclei in a background of granular material. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that these neoplastic cells showed positivity for S‐100 protein and SOX10, and negativity for Melan‐A and HMB45. According to these findings, a cytodiagnosis of metastatic malignant GCT was made with consideration of her history. Histopathological analysis confirmed a metastatic malignant GCT. The present study indicates that immunocytochemical staining for S‐100 protein and SOX10 combined with cytomorphological features might be useful for the cytodiagnosis of malignant GCT.
Exosome‐Shuttled METTL14 From AML‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes the Proliferation and Radioresistance in AML Cells by Stabilizing ROCK1 Expression via an m6A‐IGF2BP3‐Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Wang Cheng , Song Rui , Yuan Jinjin , Hou Ge , Chu A lan , Huang Yangyang , Xiao Chenhu , Chai Ting , Sun Chen , Liu Zongwen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAcute myelogenous leukemia (AML)‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (AML‐MSCs) have been identified to play a significant role in AML progression. The functions of MSCs mainly depend on their paracrine action. Here, we investigated whether AML‐MSCs functioned in AML cells by transferring METTL14 (Methyltransferase 14) into AML cells via exosomes. Functional analyses were conducted using MTT assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine assay and flow cytometry. qRT‐PCR and western blot analyses detected levels of mRNAs and proteins. Exosomes (exo) were isolated from AML‐MSCs by ultracentrifugation. The m6A modification profile was determined by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay. The interaction between Insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) and Rho Kinase 1 (ROCK1) was validated using RIP assay. AML‐MSCs incubation promoted the proliferation and radioresistance in AML cells. Moreover, AML‐MSCs incubation led to increases in m6A levels and METTL14 levels in AML cells. METTL14 was transferred into AML cells by packaging into exosomes of AML‐MSCs. The knockdown of METTL14 in AML‐MSCs exosomes could reduce the proliferation and radioresistance in AML cells. Mechanistically, METTL14 induced ROCK1 m6A modification and stabilized its expression by an m6A‐IGF2BP3‐dependent mechanism. Rescue assay showed that ROCK1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of METTL14 silencing in AML‐MSCs exosomes on AML cell proliferation and radioresistance. Exosome‐shuttled METTL14 from AML‐MSCs promoted proliferation and conferred radioresistance in AML cells by stabilizing ROCK1 expression via an m6A‐IGF2BP3‐dependent mechanism.
Arthropod Food Webs in the Foreland of a Retreating Greenland Glacier: Integrating Molecular Gut Content Analysis With Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Gravesen Ejgil , Dušátková Lenka , Athey Kacie J. , Qin Jiayi , Krogh Paul Henning 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the global average since 1979, resulting in rapid glacier retreat and exposing new glacier forelands. These forelands offer unique experimental settings to explore how global warming impacts ecosystems, particularly for highly climate‐sensitive arthropods. Understanding these impacts can help anticipate future biodiversity and ecosystem changes under ongoing warming scenarios. In this study, we integrate data on arthropod diversity from DNA gut content analysis—offering insight into predator diets—with quantitative measures of arthropod activity‐density at a Greenland glacier foreland using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Our SEM analysis reveals both bottom‐up and top‐down controlled food chains. Bottom‐up control, linked to sit‐and‐wait predator behavior, was prominent for spider and harvestman populations, while top‐down control, associated with active search behavior, was key for ground beetle populations. Bottom‐up controlled dynamics predominated during the early stages of vegetation succession, while top‐down mechanisms dominated in later successional stages further from the glacier, driven largely by increasing temperatures. In advanced successional stages, top‐down cascades intensify intraguild predation (IGP) among arthropod predators. This is especially evident in the linyphiid spider Collinsia holmgreni, whose diet included other linyphiid and lycosid spiders, reflecting high IGP. The IGP ratio in C. holmgreni negatively correlated with the activity‐density of ground‐dwelling prey, likely contributing to the local decline and possible extinction of this cold‐adapted species in warmer, late‐succession habitats where lycosid spiders dominate. These findings suggest that sustained warming and associated shifts in food web dynamics could lead to the loss of cold‐adapted species, while brief warm events may temporarily impact populations without lasting extinction effects.
Sex‐Specific Variation in Foraging Behavior is Related to Telomere Length in a Long‐Lived Seabird
Authors: Guillen‐Parra Mauricio , Barcenas‐Flores Rocio , Velando Alberto , Wiley Anne , Montoya Bibiana , Torres Roxana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTForaging during breeding is a demanding activity linked to breeding investment and possibly constrained by individual quality. Telomere length, the protective nucleoproteins located at the ends of the chromosomes, is considered a trait reflecting somatic maintenance and individual quality. Therefore, foraging effort and parental investment may be positively related to telomere length, if individuals with longer telomeres are of better quality and thus able to maintain better body condition and allocate more resources to parental activities. In the brown booby (Sula leucogaster), we investigated if telomere length is related to body mass (a proxy of condition) and whether variation in foraging behavior and provisioning effort is related to telomere length or body mass. Then, we explored whether variation in foraging and provisioning influences the chick mass growth rate. In 34 pairs nesting in Isla de San Jorge, in the Gulf of California, México, we sampled their blood to estimate telomere length, measured their body mass, and for 10 days, recorded their foraging behavior via global positioning system (GPS) loggers and their chick provisioning rate and chicks' mass growth rate. We found a positive relationship between parents' body mass and telomere length. Body mass did not affect foraging behavior. Females with longer telomeres were more prone to travel longer distances toward offshore and deeper waters than females with shorter telomeres. In contrast, males with longer telomere lengths performed more nearshore foraging trips than males with shorter telomeres. The chick provisioning rate was unrelated to telomere length or body mass, but females fed the chick at a rate 2.4 times greater than males. Females' offshore foraging, but not males', was positively related to chick mass growth rate. Our results suggest that individual quality, indicated by telomere length, is an important driver of sex‐specific, between‐individual variation in foraging behavior, indirectly affecting offspring condition.
Differences in Gut Microbial Composition and Characteristics Among Three Populations of the Bamboo Pitviper (Viridovipera stejnegeri)
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Tan Songwen , Lyu Bing , Yu Min , Lan Yue , Tang Ruixiang , Fan Zhenxin , Guo Peng , Shi Lei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiota contributes to host health by facilitating nutrient uptake, digestion, energy metabolism, intestinal development, vitamin synthesis, and immunomodulation, and plays an important role in the growth and reproduction of the animal itself. Considering the paucity of research on the gut microbiota of wild snakes, this study focused on bamboo pitviper (Viridovipera stejnegeri) populations from Anhui, Guizhou, and Hunan, with multiple fecal samples collected from each population (six, five, and three, respectively). Total microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples using metagenomic next‐generation sequencing and differences in gut microbial composition, abundance, and carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) were analyzed and compared among the three populations. Results showed no significant variance in the α‐diversity of the gut microbes across the three populations, while principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in gut microbe composition. The four most abundant phyla in the gut microbiota of V. stejnegeri were Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, and Bacillota, while the four most abundant genera were Salmonella, Citrobacter, Bacteroides, and Yokenella. Linear discriminant analysis effect size demonstrated notable differences in gut microbial abundance among the three populations. Marked differences in CAZyme abundance were also observed across the microbial communities. Future studies should incorporate diverse ecological factors to evaluate their influence on the composition and function of gut microbiota.
Quantifying uncertainty in anthropogenic causes of injury and mortality for an endangered baleen whale
Authors: Linden Daniel W. , Hostetler Jeffrey A. , Pace Richard M. , Garrison Lance P. , Knowlton Amy R. , Lesage Véronique , Williams Rob , Runge Michael C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the causes of mortality for a declining species is essential for developing effective conservation and management strategies, particularly when anthropogenic activities are the primary threat. Using a competing hazards framework allows for robust estimation of the cause‐specific variation in risk that may exist across multiple dimensions, such as time and individual. Here, we estimated cause‐specific rates of severe injury and mortality for North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), a critically endangered species that is currently in peril due to human‐caused interactions. We developed a multistate capture–recapture model that leveraged 30 years of intensive survey effort yielding sightings of individuals with injury assessments and necropsies of carcass recoveries. We examined variation in the hazard rates of severe injury and mortality due to entanglements in fishing gear and vessel strikes as explained by temporal patterns and the age and reproductive status of the individual. We found strong evidence for increased rates of severe entanglement injuries after 2013 and for females with calves, with consequently higher marginal mortality. The model results also suggested that despite vessel strikes causing a lower average rate of severe injuries, the higher mortality rate conditional on injury results in significant total mortality risk, particularly for females resting from a recent calving event. Large uncertainty in the estimation of carcass recovery rate for vessel strike deaths permeated into the apportionment of mortality causes. The increased rates of North Atlantic right whale mortality in the last decade, particularly for reproducing females, has been responsible for the severe decline in the species. By apportioning the human‐caused threats using a quantitative approach with estimation of relevant uncertainty, this work can guide development of conservation and management strategies to facilitate species recovery. Our approach is relevant to other monitored populations where cause‐specific injuries from multiple threats can be observed in live and dead individuals.
Mycorrhizal dominance influences tree species richness and richness–biomass relationship in China's forests
Authors: Ma Suhui , Chen Guoping , Cai Qiong , Ji Chengjun , Zhu Biao , Tang Zhiyao , Hu Shuijin , Fang Jingyun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMycorrhizal associations drive plant community diversity and ecosystem functions. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (EcM) are two widespread mycorrhizal types and are thought to differentially affect plant diversity and productivity by nutrient acquisition and plant–soil feedback. However, it remains unclear how the mixture of two mycorrhizal types influences tree diversity, forest biomass, and their relationship at large spatial scales. Here, we explored these issues using data from 1247 plots (600 m2 for each) across China's natural forests located mostly in temperate and subtropical regions. Both AM‐dominated and EcM‐dominated forests show relatively lower tree species richness and stand biomass, whereas forests with the mixture of mycorrhizal strategies sustain more tree species and higher biomass. Interestingly, the positive effect of tree diversity on biomass is stronger in forests with low (≤50%) than high AM tree proportion (>50%), reflecting a shift from the complementarity effect to functional redundancy with increasing AM trees. Our findings suggest that mycorrhizal dominance influences tree diversity and richness–biomass relationship in forest ecosystems.
Improving the educational accessibility of sinonasal and skull base anatomy: A novel virtual tool for otolaryngology trainees
Authors: Saraswathula Anirudh , Huang Emily Y. , Li Shirley , Garcia Juan R. , Rowan Nicholas R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the complex three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base, is difficult but essential for otolaryngology trainees, especially for endoscopic techniques. There is no effective teaching tool at the junior resident or medical student level allowing visualization and manipulation of these structures in 3D.ObjectiveTo create an interactive 3D app modeling the sinus and skull base for use by junior trainees learning surgical anatomy.MethodsUsing Adobe Photoshop, Cinema 4D, and ZBrush, surgeon and medical illustration teams collaborated to develop a tool combining schematic representation of relevant anatomy with radiologic and endoscopic correlates. This was then incorporated into a web application. Twenty‐one junior residents and medical students were recruited to use the app, and pre‐and post‐app self‐assessments and experience surveys were conducted to assess didactic efficacy.ResultsWe created an online‐compatible fully manipulatable schematic 3D representation of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and anterior skull base that is capable of anatomic layering. This schematic is presented alongside representative de‐identified radiologic images and surgical principles with corresponding highlighted diagrammatic structures to demonstrate clinically relevant radiologic and endoscopic anatomy. There was a statistically significant improvement in anatomical knowledge in all 13 questions assessing didactic efficacy, with 85.7% of participants providing overall positive feedback.ConclusionsAcknowledging the didactic utility in an early validation study with junior trainees, this sinus anatomy teaching tool offers a low‐cost and highly accessible modality capable of demonstrating complex anatomical relationships to trainees learning sinus and endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.
Semi‐empirically modelling barrier sediment transport in response to hydrodynamic forcing using UAV‐derived topographical data (Holgate, New Jersey)
Authors: Schmelz W. John , Spector Ashlyn , Neitzke‐Adamo Lauren , Miller Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe conducted monthly surveys, from October 2020 to May 2021, of coastal topography in Holgate, New Jersey. Using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐photogrammetry and RTK‐GNSS equipment, we generated digital elevations models and cross‐section profiles, capturing spatiotemporal variability in volumetric change. We measured a total loss of 27 500 ± 10 500 m3 of subaerial sediment through the study. From October 2020 to February 2021, over 59 600 ± 10 500 m3 of sediment was eroded, followed by 32 100 ± 10 500 m3 of deposition from February to May 2021. We developed a semi‐empirical model correlating the measured geomorphological change to wave energy and water‐level variations. The calibrated model identified storm conditions that caused erosion and that waves from the south to southeast caused more erosion than those from the east to northeast. These results emphasise that alongshore transport represents a critical component of sediment transport dynamics relevant to beach erosion. Using the calibrated model, we quantified the impact of water‐level variations and wave energy on net sediment transport for a stretch of barrier coastline. Specifically, a water‐level increase of 0.14 m (equivalent to a 1σ variation) generated slightly less erosion (1.18 m3/m per 48 h) than the same variance‐based increase in wave energy, which generates 1.44 m3/m of erosion per 48 h. These variables strongly covary. Alongshore transport modulates the relationship, increasing erosion 0.9 m3/m per 48 h with a 1σ shift in wave energy directed alongshore. Forcing from strong storms, hindcast from 8 years of data, can produce 15–20 m3/m of erosion per 48 h. This modelling approach represents a methodology to produce estimates of potential erosion under predicted storm conditions, which is inherently valuable to coastal management and resilience planning. Our study demonstrates cost‐effective data collection and robust analytical methods that can be applied globally to benefit both the understanding of coastal geomorphology and local communities through data‐driven natural resource management.
Prevalence of Plasmid‐Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates From Colonic Biopsies of Iranian Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Alipour Samira , Owrang Mina , Rajabnia Mohsen , Olfatifar Meysam , Kazemian Hossein , Houri Hamidreza 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsEmerging evidence suggests that ciprofloxacin and other quinolones can be effectively used as adjuncts to immunosuppressive therapy in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clinical isolates of Enterobacterales frequently exhibit quinolone resistance. Additionally, increased IBD severity has been linked to the proliferation of Enterobacterales in the gut. This study aimed to explore the frequency of fluoroquinolone resistance and the presence of associated resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from intestinal biopsies of patients with IBD in Iran.MethodsIn this research, we conducted a study that involved the isolation and examination of E. coli bacteria from inflamed ileal and/or colonic tissues of patients diagnosed with IBD, specifically ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), during colonoscopy procedures. We collected demographic and clinical information from the patients. To identify E. coli strains that were resistant to quinolone antibiotics, we performed both phenotypic and molecular analyses.ResultsFrom the colonic and ileal biopsies of 121 patients with IBD, we isolated 107 unique strains of E. coli. Among these strains, 18 (16.8%) were derived from patients with CD, and 89 (83.2%) came from those with UC. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that 61 out of 107 isolates (57%) of the isolates showed phenotypic resistance to at least one type of quinolone. Additionally, plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, specifically oqxA, oqxB, and qnrS were detected in the E. coli strains linked to both UC and CD. Notably, there was a significant positive correlation observed between intestinal colonization by ciprofloxacin‐resistant E. coli and the patients' history of extended ciprofloxacin antibiotic therapy.ConclusionOur results reveal that a significant number of patients with IBD carry quinolone‐resistant E. coli. This colonization may pose a risk factor that could affect disease progression and contribute to potential complications.
Design of and Early Insights From a Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Patient Engagement Research Council
Authors: Geonnotti Gabrielle , Pesa Jacqueline , Peters Wesley , Taylor Melina , Choudhry Zia , Falope Oluyemisi , Price Marquetta , Baxter Lucy , West Bruce , Shea Lisa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAn exploratory focus group study was conducted to better understand the needs of patients living with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG).MethodsUS‐based adults with gMG and caregivers of patients with gMG participated in a Patient Engagement Research Council between August 2022 and January 2023. The study consisted of a 15‐min prework survey, followed by virtual focus groups facilitated using a semi‐structured interview guide. Data concepts were identified using conversational analysis and by direct observation. All transcripts were coded based on concepts using a qualitative research analysis program (MaxQDA).Results16 participants (13 patients, three caregivers) were recruited. Participants reported impact on daily activities, fatigue, and psychosocial problems. Many participants experienced delayed diagnosis and difficulty accessing specialist care. Participants described multiple barriers related to their gMG, including barriers to treatment, access‐related issues, and communication disconnect between patients and healthcare professionals. Achieving stable disease was the most important goal. There was a preference for the autonomy of self‐administered medications at home versus infusions. Study insights led to recommendations to guide patient and healthcare professional education.ConclusionThe study illustrates the need to improve access to specialist care, achieve earlier diagnosis, prioritize patients' preferences in disease management, and develop treatments that improve outcomes without additional burden.Patient or Public ContributionThe data collected in this study was provided by the focus group participants, which included patients and caregivers of those with myasthenia gravis.