bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can power be self‐legitimating? Political realism in Hobbes, Weber, and Williams
Authors: Cozzaglio Ilaria , Greene Amanda R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolitical realists seek to provide an alternative to accounts of political legitimacy that are based on moral standards. In this endeavor, they face the challenge of how to interpret the maxim that power cannot be self‐legitimating. In this paper, we argue that work by Bernard Williams sheds light on the possible answers to this challenge. While Williams aligns himself with the realist tradition, his account of legitimacy contains an implicit critique of political realism. This is evident, we show, in his rejections of the views of Thomas Hobbes and Max Weber. Williams is not satisfied with Hobbes because he conflates legitimacy and political order, eliminating space for criticizing power. Weber's view, however, offers a non‐moralist standard of legitimacy that has critical purchase. This critical purchase emerges from the demands made on rulers to uphold the values that underlie their legitimation, combined with the ethic of responsibility. The resulting grounds for criticism are thus consistent with the maxim that power cannot be self‐legitimating—the very maxim that Williams puts at the heart of his realism. By showing that Williams's partial rejection of Hobbes and Weber cannot be sustained only on realist grounds, our analysis clarifies the limits of political realism.
Building bagging on critical instances
Authors: Guo Li , Boukir Samia , Aussem Alexandre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ensemble method is a powerful data mining paradigm, which builds a classification model by integrating multiple diversified component learners. Bagging is one of the most successful ensemble methods. It is made of bootstrap‐inspired classifiers and uses these classifiers to get an aggregated classifier. However, in bagging, bootstrapped training sets become more and more similar as redundancy is increasing. Besides redundancy, any training set is usually subject to noise. Moreover, the training set might be imbalanced. Thus, each training instance has a different impact on the learning process. This paper explores some properties of the ensemble margin and its use in improving the performance of bagging. We introduce a new approach to measure the importance of training data in learning, based on the margin theory. Then, a new bagging method concentrating on critical instances is proposed. This method is more accurate than bagging and more robust than boosting. Compared to bagging, it reduces the bias while generally keeping the same variance. Our findings suggest that (a) examples with low margins tend to be more critical for the classifier performance; (b) examples with higher margins tend to be more redundant; (c) misclassified examples with high margins tend to be noisy examples. Our experimental results on 15 various data sets show that the generalization error of bagging can be reduced up to 2.5% and its resilience to noise strengthened by iteratively removing both typical and noisy training instances, reducing the training set size by up to 75%.
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous administration of ceftazidime as a salvage therapy in geriatrics: a case report
Authors: Michelon Hugues , Tardivel Marie , Dinh Aurélien , Alvarez Jean‐Claude , Salomon Elsa , Le Quintrec Jean‐Laurent , Hirt Deborah , Davido Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCeftazidime is a third‐generation cephalosporin used for the treatment of Gram‐negative bacteria only approved for parenteral use by intravenous and intramuscular route. In some clinical situations, off‐label subcutaneous injection could be a salvage route for the administration of antibiotics, especially in geriatrics, despite the paucity of evidence about efficacy and safety. We report a case of a successful and well‐tolerated subcutaneous ceftazidime therapy in a 90‐year‐old woman for the treatment of an acute urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with therapeutic drug monitoring data.
Where old meets new: An ecosystem study of methanogenesis in a reflooded agricultural peatland
Authors: McNicol Gavin , Knox Sara H. , Guilderson Thomas P. , Baldocchi Dennis D. , Silver Whendee L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReflooding formerly drained peatlands has been proposed as a means to reduce losses of organic matter and sequester soil carbon for climate change mitigation, but a renewal of high methane emissions has been reported for these ecosystems, offsetting mitigation potential. Our ability to interpret observed methane fluxes in reflooded peatlands and make predictions about future flux trends is limited due to a lack of detailed studies of methanogenic processes. In this study we investigate methanogenesis in a reflooded agricultural peatland in the Sacramento Delta, California. We use the stable‐and radio‐carbon isotopic signatures of wetland sediment methane, ecosystem‐scale eddy covariance flux observations, and laboratory incubation experiments, to identify which carbon sources and methanogenic production pathways fuel methanogenesis and how these processes are affected by vegetation and seasonality. We found that the old peat contribution to annual methane emissions was large (~30%) compared to intact wetlands, indicating a biogeochemical legacy of drainage. However, fresh carbon and the acetoclastic pathway still accounted for the majority of methanogenesis throughout the year. Although temperature sensitivities for bulk peat methanogenesis were similar between open‐water (Q10 = 2.1) and vegetated (Q10 = 2.3) soils, methane production from both fresh and old carbon sources showed pronounced seasonality in vegetated zones. We conclude that high methane emissions in restored wetlands constitute a biogeochemical trade‐off with contemporary carbon uptake, given that methane efflux is fueled primarily by fresh carbon inputs.
Species niches, not traits, determine abundance and occupancy patterns: A multi‐site synthesis
Authors: Marino Nicholas A. C. , Céréghino Régis , Gilbert Benjamin , Petermann Jana S. , Srivastava Diane S. , de Omena Paula M. , Bautista Fabiola Ospina , Guzman Laura Melissa , Romero Gustavo Q. , Trzcinski M. Kurtis , Barberis Ignacio M. , Corbara Bruno , Debastiani Vanderlei J. , Dézerald Olivier , Kratina Pavel , Leroy Céline , MacDonald Arthur Andrew M. , Montero Guillermo , Pillar Valério D. , Richardson Barbara A. , Richardson Michael J. , Talaga Stanislas , Gonçalves Ana Z. , Piccoli Gustavo C. O. , Jocqué Merlijn , Farjalla Vinicius F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimLocally abundant species are usually widespread, and this pattern has been related to properties of the niches and traits of species. However, such explanations fail to account for the potential of traits to determine species niches and often overlook statistical artefacts. Here, we examine how trait distinctiveness determines the abilities of species to exploit either common habitats (niche position) or a range of habitats (niche breadth) and how niche position and breadth, in turn, affect abundance and occupancy. We also examine how statistical artefacts moderate these relationships.LocationSixteen sites in the Neotropics.Time period1993–2014.Major taxa studiedAquatic invertebrates from tank bromeliads.MethodsWe measured the environmental niche position and breadth of each species and calculated its trait distinctiveness as the average trait difference from all other species at each site. Then, we used a combination of structural equation models and a meta‐analytical approach to test trait–niche relationships and a null model to control for statistical artefacts.ResultsThe trait distinctiveness of each species was unrelated to its niche properties, abundance and occupancy. In contrast, niche position was the main predictor of abundance and occupancy; species that used the most common environmental conditions found across bromeliads were locally abundant and widespread. Contributions of niche breadth to such patterns were attributable to statistical artefacts, indicating that effects of niche breadth might have been overestimated in previous studies.Main conclusionsOur study reveals the generality of niche position in explaining one of the most common ecological patterns. The robustness of this result is underscored by the geographical extent of our study and our control of statistical artefacts. We call for a similar examination across other systems, which is an essential task to understand the drivers of commonness across the tree of life.
Non‐participation in health checkup and Kihon Checklist predicts loss of certification‐free survival in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Igarashi Yuta , Okuno Tazuo , Kodera Kumie , Iritani Osamu , Hamazaki Yuko , Himeno Taroh , Yano Hiroshi , Okuro Masashi , Morita Takuro , Morimoto Shigeto 
Published: November 2019

AimDespite efforts toward health promotion and preventive care for older adults, including health checkups and postal Kihon Checklist survey, one fifth of community‐dwelling older adults do not participate in them. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between this non‐participation and the end of certification‐free survival in older adults.MethodsIn a cohort of 4120 older adults with no prior history of Long‐Term Care Insurance certification, the associations of non‐participation with risk of later death without certification and support/care‐need certification for 72 months were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards analysis.ResultsOf them, 4022 (mean age 72.7 years, 54.7% women) were followed up (97.6%). At baseline, 1072 received health checkups, 2085 replied to the Kihon Checklist alone and 865 did not participate. During 72 months, 310 deaths without certification and 701 certifications occurred. After adjustment, non‐participating individuals had significantly higher hazard ratios for death up to 72 months and for certification up to 36 months, compared with the other two groups. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed associations of increasing incidence of certification due to stroke in pre‐old (aged 65–74 years) men for 72 months, and due to arthralgia/fracture and dementia in old (aged ≥75 years) women for 24 months, with non‐participation in health promotions. Certified non‐participating individuals incurred higher estimated Long‐Term Care Insurance expenditure per person for 72 months, especially in pre‐old men and old women.ConclusionsHealth promotion by health checkup and even Kihon Checklist survey increases certification‐free survival in older residents, and decreases Long‐Term Care Insurance expenditure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1206–1214.
Rapid Onset of Effect of Galcanezumab for the Prevention of Episodic Migraine: Analysis of the EVOLVE Studies
Authors: Detke Holland C. , Millen Brian A. , Zhang Qi , Samaan Karen , Ailani Jessica , Dodick David W. , Aurora Sheena K. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate onset of effect of galcanezumab in patients with episodic migraine.BackgroundGalcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene‐related peptide and is indicated for preventive treatment of migraine.Design/MethodsData on the primary outcome measure were analyzed from 2 previously published double‐blind, Phase 3 studies (EVOLVE‐1 [N = 858] and EVOLVE‐2 [N = 915]) wherein adult patients with episodic migraine were randomized to receive monthly subcutaneous injections of galcanezumab 120 mg (with 240‐mg loading dose) or 240 mg or placebo for up to 6 months. Monthly onset of effect was defined as the earliest month at which galcanezumab achieved and subsequently maintained statistical superiority to placebo on the mean change from baseline in the number of monthly migraine headache days (MHDs). If onset occurred in Month 1, weekly onset was evaluated and defined as the earliest week at which galcanezumab statistically separated from placebo and maintained statistical separation for remaining weeks in that month. Day of onset of effect was also analyzed, as were monthly and weekly onset, for occurrence of ≥50% reduction from baseline in number of MHDs.ResultsFor both studies, change from baseline in monthly MHDs showed a statistically significant separation of galcanezumab from placebo at Month 1 and each subsequent month (each P < .001). Analysis of the first month for both studies indicated onset of effect in the first week, with galcanezumab‐treated patients having significantly higher odds of having fewer MHDs in the first week (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for EVOLVE‐1, 2.71 [2.00, 3.66], and for EVOLVE‐2, 2.88 [2.16, 3.86]; both P < .001) and each subsequent week compared with placebo‐treated patients (P ≤ .004). Daily analysis showed onset of effect at Day 1 (first day after injection day). Galcanezumab also demonstrated superiority to placebo on occurrence of ≥50% reduction in MHDs starting at Week 1 (percentage of patients with 50% response in galcanezumab group vs placebo group for EVOLVE‐1, 54.3% vs 32.4% [P < .001], and for EVOLVE‐2, 59.4% vs 38.0% [P < .001]).ConclusionRapid onset of preventive effect on the first day after injection of galcanezumab was confirmed in both studies of episodic migraine.
Potential of technology to improve the availability and use of health information on cancer subjects for clergy from rural communities
Authors: Wallace Rick , Behringer Bruce 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCancer is a leading cause of death around the world and often is a chronic long term disease. This calls for an expanded workforce to include non‐traditional health care providers.ObjectiveTo determine effectiveness of a cancer information training project with clergy from selected rural Appalachian areas to improve comfort and willingness to work as part of the cancer health care team.MethodsClergy were trained in the consumer health database of the National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus.gov. Exercises were required that were done using an iPad tablet with an online curriculum. They were also taught how to do a population health assessment of their particular area and develop a health ministry for their church.ResultsThree key elements were confirmed that would enable replication of the pilot: access to medlineplus, programmed learning modules using mobile technology such as iPads, and staff support including librarians and medical staff. With these key elements, the cancer project is potentially replicable with other groups beyond clergy.ConclusionKnowledge about population health, built on new awareness and topical health knowledge, and using new skills to identify relevant information and library resources, could open minds and enhance community support for preventive and medical interventions.
Spatial and temporal movement of the Bearded Vulture using GPS telemetry in the Himalayas of Nepal
Authors: Subedi Tulsi R. , Pérez‐García Juan M. , Sah Shahrul A.M. , Gurung Sandesh , Baral Hem S. , Poudyal Laxman P. , Lee Hansoo , Thomsett Simon , Virani Munir Z. , Anadón José D. 
Published: November 2019

This study addresses for the first time the movement patterns of the globally near‐threatened Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatusin its most important stronghold, the high‐altitude mountain ranges of Asia. Tracked individuals (n = 8) in the Annapurna Himalayan range (Nepal) foraged over a vast range of 60 715.9 km2and our results indicated age‐class differences in the use of space. Territorial adults showed very small annual home‐ranges (K90 = 150.3 km2), whereas immatures wandered extensively and covered vast ranges of the mountains (K90 = 23 930.8 km2). For adults and immatures, these values are notably larger than the other two studied populations in the world (Pyrenees and South Africa). This suggests that the studied Annapurna population might exhibit lower breeding density than in the Pyrenees or South Africa, possibly due to lower food availability.
Non‐analytical methods for the estimation of total yolk carotenoids in passerine eggs
Authors: Valcu Cristina‐Maria , Valcu Mihai , Teltscher Kim , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: November 2019

Carotenoids are essential antioxidant micronutrients. Oviparous species acquire carotenoids from their food and deposit them in the egg yolk, where they support embryonic development. The total carotenoid concentration in the egg yolk is typically measured analytically, which requires time, equipment and expertise, and can limit the sample available for other measurements, at least in species laying small eggs. Here we evaluate whether yolk colour can be used as a reliable alternative measure for total yolk carotenoid concentration. We compare two non‐analytical methods, digital photography and visual colour scoring, using eggs from a wild population of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus. Yolk hue estimated from digital photographs correlated more strongly with total yolk carotenoid concentration measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) than did the visually assessed colour score based on a Yolk Colour Fan. Previous results based on HPLC measurements of total carotenoid concentration could be reproduced using yolk hue measurements. The results suggest that measuring yolk hue is a suitable proxy for assessing natural variation in total yolk carotenoid concentration in eggs of free‐living birds.
Colloidal processing of Al2O3‐doped zirconia ceramics with CaO–P2O5–SiO2glass as additive
Authors: Soubelet Clara G. , Albano María P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWell‐dispersed concentrated aqueous suspensions of Al2O3‐doped Y‐TZP (AY‐TZP), AY‐TZP with 5.4 vol% of CaO–P2O5–SiO2(CaPSi) glass (AY‐TZP5) and 10.5 vol% CaPSi glass (AY‐TZP10), with ammonium polyacrylate (NH4PA) dispersant were prepared to produce slip cast compacts. The rheological properties of 35 and 40 vol% slips were studied. The densification, microstructure as well as hardness and fracture toughness were investigated as a function of CaPSi glass content at 1300°C‐1500°C. The optimum NH4PA concentration of 35 vol% AY‐TZP5 and AY‐TZP10 slips at pH ~9 was found to be about 43% and 67% greater than that of AY‐TZP slips; this behavior was related to the greater amounts of Ca2+ions leached out from the CaPSi glass surface. The viscosity of stabilized 40 vol% slips with NH4PA attained a minimum value at 5.4 vol% CaPSi glass addition, and resulted in a more dense packing of cast samples. AY‐TZP5 can be sintered at a lower temperature (1300°C) compared to that of AY‐TZP. AY‐TZP5 exhibited a fine microstructure of tetragonal ZrO2(grain sizes below 0.3 µm), and ZrSiO4–Ca2P2O7particles homogeneously distributed within the zirconia matrix. It presented similar fracture toughness and a slightly lower hardness compared to those of AY‐TZP.
Oral status, sense of coherence, religious‐spiritual coping, socio‐economic characteristics, and quality of life in young patients
Authors: Soares Thais Rodrigues Campos , Lenzi Michele Machado , Leite Isabelle Marin , Muniz Loureiro Jéssica , Leão Anna Thereza Thomé , Pomarico Luciana , Neiva da Silva Andréa , Risso Patricia de Andrade , Vettore Mario Vianna , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral factors can influence the oral health.AimTo explore the clinical factors, individual characteristics, and environmental factors (religious‐spiritual coping‐RSC, sense of coherence [SOC], and socio‐economic status) related to oral status and impact on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children/adolescents (C/A).DesignThis study evaluated C/A up to 15 years old and their caregivers. Number of decayed (NDT) and missing teeth (NMT); history of dental trauma; caregiver's RSC and SOC, socio‐economic factors, and OHRQoL were evaluated. Theoretical model exploring the direct and indirect effects was tested using a structural equation analysis.ResultsFor younger group (0‐6 years), having more NDT or more NMT had a greater impact on the OHRQoL (β = 0.382, β = 0.203, respectively). In the oldest group (7‐15 years), a higher SOC had an inverse relationship with the impact on the family OHRQoL (β=−0.201). The higher the age of the C/A, the lower the NDT (β=−0.235), and the higher the family income the lower, the need for social benefit (β = 0.275). Indirect relationships were observed between schooling with social benefit and OHRQoL in younger group. The family income indirectly influenced the OHRQoL in oldest group.ConclusionsQuality of life is affected directly and indirectly by environmental characteristics, oral status, and the age of patients.
Low‐temperature stiffening of air plasma‐sprayed 7 wt% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2
Authors: Lal Devi , Kumar Praveen , Sampath Sanjay , Jayaram Vikram 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvolution in bending modulus and accompanying microstructure of free‐standing air plasma‐sprayed Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 subjected to thermal exposure, from 800°C to 1300°C, has been studied. The bending modulus was measured using custom‐made miniaturized cantilevers, which was loaded using a nanoindenter. Variation in the bending modulus was compared with the density change. The coating shows two domains of behavior of modulus variation with density: the low temperature/time domain wherein the bending modulus doubles without measurable change in the density and the high‐temperature domain where modulus increases monotonically with density. Finite element (FE) analysis was carried out using cross‐sectional micrographs of coatings to measure the elastic modulus of the actual coating and compared with experimentally observed values. The modulus values predicted by FE analysis are 70%‐80% higher than the experimentally observed values. An analytical model has been proposed to corelate the microcracks density and elastic modulus, which is in reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured values.
Designing STEAM Education: Fostering Relationality through Design‐Led Disruption
Authors: MacDonald Abbey , Wise Kit , Tregloan Kate , Fountain Wendy , Wallis Louise , Holmstrom Neil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA significant contention underpinning the commentary around STEM / STEAM is the evidence of discipline hierarchies, and inherent binary perspectives and/or biases that lend themselves to privileging one or more disciplines over another in an interdisciplinary education context. The current focus on increasing engagement with STEM in Australian schools provides opportunities to explore how the creative and liberal arts, and arts‐based approaches to teaching and learning are being adopted to significantly enhance teaching and learning outcomes in and for STEM education. This article examines how design for a STEAM education programme evolves and is adopted in an Australian context. Tasmania represents one of the most vibrant creative communities in Australia. At the same time it has one of the lowest levels of educational attainment. Entrenched teaching habits and disciplinary hierarchies often create significant barriers to the implementation of STEAM despite genuine goodwill and enthusiasm for STEAM among teachers and within schools. This article argues that, despite the contrasting dynamics extant in the Tasmanian educational context, it is here that some of the nation’s most curious and exciting examples of STEAM teaching and learning have emerged. It offers an example of an innovative learning project and proposes the means by which these disciplinary strands have been effectively entwined.