bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of diagnostic variables for research into the level of development of energy markets
Authors: Manowska Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development of the economies of European countries depends on stable and permanent access to various energy sources such as oil, gas, and coal. Securing the certainty of the necessary minimum energy supply in each country is a basic condition for the energy security of the state and its citizens. The current status and the most probable scenario for the power industry sector shows that the global demand for power will increase between 2000 and 2030 at a rate of 1.8% per year. The energy market in the European Union is under the process of internal integration. Energy transformation requires changes in the structure of energy production in the energy balances of member states in order to achieve the assumed environmental goals. Monitoring the transformation process is a scientific problem in which taxonomic methods are used. The aim of the article is to identify diagnostic variables for comparative analysis of the level of development of energy markets in selected European Union member states. International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Organizations present an original set of 41 indicators for sustainable energy development, which can be divided into groups such as indicators on energy resources, the efficiency of their use, environmental pollution during the exploitation of energy resource and energy production technologies, economic indicators, accessibility to energy for society, energy dependence. Based on forty-one indicators, the availability of data for testing was analyzed. Finally, diagnostic variables were selected for which the available data was collected from the Eurostat database and transformed to the level required in the research. The research results will present the level of development of the Polish energy market in relation to other countries and differences in this respect.
Influence of Aquatic Vegetation on Dispersive Parameters as a Part of Hydrodynamic Conditions in Natural Streams
Authors: Sokác Marek , Schügerl Radoslav , Velísková Yvetta , Dulovicová Renáta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Submerged and emergent aquatic vegetation is a natural and organic component of natural rivers and streams. It plays an important role in all physical, chemical and biological processes in the stream biocoenosis. This type of vegetation has also a non-negligible impact on flow conditions. It influences the discharge, hydraulic roughness, velocity as well as other hydraulic parameters. Important part of the river hydrodynamic processes are also dispersive processes and its parameters, which defines the speed and intensity of the dispersive processes in the natural stream. This paper analyses these aspects of the stream hydrodynamics, which are influenced by aquatic vegetation and analyses the influence of the submerged and emerged vegetation on mixing processes in a river. Presented results are findings of hydrometric measurements and tracer experiments at the Šúrsky kanál stream, located in south-west part of Slovakia. The Šúrsky kanál stream is a typical lowland stream, where significant changes in the vegetation are present during different periods of a year. The hydrometric and tracer experiments were performed on 1700 m long straight reach of the stream with a relatively prismatic cross-section profile during the growing as well as non- growing season of a year. The results show, that the level of vegetative growth has a significant influence on the hydrodynamic parameters of the stream, as well as on the dispersive process. The dispersive process is influenced not only by the velocity and concentration gradients, but also by the fact that the vegetation forms in the stream so-called dead zones. Such dead zones modify the velocity profiles of a stream and affect dispersive mass transport within the stream by collecting and separating parts of the tracer from the main current. Subsequently, the tracer is slowly released and incorporated back to the main current in a stream. This process deforms the shape of the tracer concentration distribution in time. All these facts were confirmed by the experiments results described in this paper, which contains also the analysis of the dead zones effect on the dispersive process.
Application of Grain Size Analysis for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Assessment of Bed Silts along Komárňanský Channel – Žitný Ostrov
Authors: Dulovicová Renáta , Velísková Yvetta , Schügerl Radoslav , Sokác Marek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is the evaluation of permeability of the bed silts located along the Komárňanský channel of the Žitný ostrov, Slovakia. Komárňanský channel is the largest one from three main channels at the Žitný ostrov area – the flat lowland with channel network. The bed silt permeability is expressed by value of saturated hydraulic conductivity. This parameter is one of the key inputs for estimating solute and water movement between surface water channel and surrounding groundwater in the scope of their interaction at this area. The bed silts were obtained by two ways, as disturbed samples and as undisturbed samples. In this study we deal with disturbed samples extracted from the Komárňanský channel and for that reason only the empirical formulas based on the grain size analysis could be used for saturated hydraulic conductivity assessment. The disturbed samples were extracted in three levels of silt - top, middle and bottom part of silt layer and subsequently as mixed samples in each selected profile of the Komárňanský channel. The selection of sampling place was made by thickness of bed silt in the measured profiles. The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity obtained from disturbed samples of bed silt - Kd were calculated according to three empirical formulas: 1. Bayer – Schweiger formula; 2. Špacek I formula and 3. Špacek II formula, firstly for samples from the top, middle and bottom part of the silt layer and then for mixed samples. The valid values Kd from single parts of the silt layers reached from 1.44 x 10−07 to 1.74 x 10−05 m s−1, the valid values Kd from mixed samples reached from 2.96 x 10−07 to 2.05 x 10−05 m s−1. According to results of comparison of Kd from single parts of silt layers and Kd from mixed samples it is not possible to assess explicitly the reliability of saturated hydraulic conductivity value set by that way. Therefore, in the next step, it will be necessary to compare these results with the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity from undisturbed samples of bed silt determined by the laboratory falling head method.
Control in the Process of the Building Construction by Means of Stationary Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Stereva Kremena , Postolovski Aleksandar , Gospodinov Slaveyko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study will give a contemporary method for Quality Assurance or as-build during the construction of a building in Sofia, R. Bulgaria by using High Definition Survey (HDS) or more known as terrestrial Laser Scanning. Analyses were done on concrete casted elements (Floors, Ceiling Slabs and Columns) for the first eight floors which were already constructed during the time of field measurements. As a reference - data are obtained from the original design in native AutoCAD format, while field data were acquired by using 3D laser Scanners and they are represented in a form of Point Cloud. All data (design and measured) are acquired in local coordinate system and were later georeferenced in to the already established object coordinate system. The study will show the workflow for data preparation, post processing, and the results from 3D Inspection and Analyses. All tasks were implemented by two survey crews within 10 working days (four days for field work and 6 days for post processing analyses and reporting). During the laser scanning a total of 3 679 440 634 points were surveyed form 368 stations. After the post processing the number of points was reduced to 2 515 520 148 with relative accuracy after registration of individual scan worlds of +/- 3-4 mm. The accuracy for the data transformation in to the object coordinate system is +/- 7.5 mm. In order to have better data visibility and understanding of the deformations and displacements casted concrete elements were inspected separately floor by floor where ceiling and floor slabs were inspected in 1D (Z direction) while columns were inspected in 2D - (XY) inspection for the position. Thus some will say that the results are within accuracy limits of the classical measuring techniques we should not forget the fact that the percentage of inspected elements/surfaces is more than 95%.
Non-graphical data structure for the purpose of BIM-based Life Cycle Assessment: Methodology for the Czech environment
Authors: Brandtner Michal , Venkrbec Václav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the data structure required for the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of buildings using the Building Information Model (BIM) for implementation in the Czech construction industry. The construction industry produces a significant amount of waste while the capacity of landfills is being limited. The effective management of previously used materials that have the potential to be reused can significantly help to decrease consumption and save natural resources. LCA is a method that can be used to demonstrate the suitability of proposed materials, structures or buildings in terms of their whole life cycle and its environmental impact. For an LCA evaluation, it is crucial to obtain life cycle inventory (LCI) input data, though the structure of this data has not yet been clearly defined for the Czech environment. BIM includes, in addition to geometry, an information component which is applicable to this assessment. The aim of the article is to analyze previous approaches and define a BIM data structure for a particular material for LCI purposes. The new methodology is based on the standardization of a non-graphical information model data structure (SNIM) which was developed for the Czech construction industry. “Markup syntaxes” have been taken from the SNIM database and used to further identify the data for LCI base structure purposes. The MatLab matrix solver was used to classify these data. The advantages of the proposed methodology have been demonstrated via a case study of a monolithic concrete slab structure in which three types of concrete were evaluated. The results indicated the percentage of impact categories for each concrete type. These results are useful for expanding the BIM model with new data necessary for further LCA calculations. The extension of the BIM model via LCA calculations will lead to a reduction in the extraction of natural resources as well as a positive impact on the environment.
A fast and user-friendly software for quantitative chemical analysis through XRF
Authors: Tamponi Marco , Aquino rea , Pagnotta Stefano , Lezzerini Marco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a technique widely used for the study and conservation of cultural heritage materials. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to determine major (Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Fe) and minor (P, Ti, Mn) elements in rocks and other materials by XRF is presented. The code is based on the analytical method proposed a few decades ago by Franzini et al., which is based on the algorithm: Ci = Ii . ΣKi,j Cj, where Ci is the concentration (expressed as wt%) of the chemical element “i”, Ii is the intensity of the characteristic line, Cj is the concentration of interfering elements, and Ki,j are experimental coefficients that account for the matrix effects (absorption and enhancement). Ki,j have the dimension of mass absorption coefficients and they may be calculated from a set of N reference samples using multivariate regression methods. The algorithm proposed by these authors is particularly suitable for processing samples prepared in the form of pressed powders. The Microsoft Excel spreadsheet allows you to: a) choose a set of reference samples (international or interlaboratory standards); b) evaluate the expected matrix effects on the basis of the XRF total mass absorption coefficients; c) calculate the correction coefficients Ki,j through multivariable regression; d) calculate the analytical accuracy and graphically represent the results; e) choose five samples (monitors) for the correction of instrumental drift. Based on these steps, the software allows you to: i) enter the analytical intensities of major and minor elements measured on the monitors and on unknown samples (the loss on ignition must be determined separately); ii) calculate the correction of the instrumental drift; iii) determine the concentration of elements and express them as wt%.
Tectonic Structures in the Southeastern Flank of the Junction Zone Between the In’yali-Debin Synclinorium and the Omulevka Terrane (Kolyma-Omolon Microcontinent, NE Asia)
Authors: Vasiliev Dmitry A. , Ermakov Nikolay N. , Prokopiev rei V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The study area is located in the zone of junction of the In’yali-Debin synclinorium and the Omulevka terrane (Kolyma-Omolon microcontinent of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma fold belt). The main tectonic structure is the Momontai syncline made of Middle Jurassic clastic rocks overlain by Upper Jurassic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Uyandina-Yasachnaya volcanic arc. The Au and Au-Ag occurrences known here are confined to NE-trending faults and hosted in subvolcanic and volcanogenic rocks, mainly rhyolites and dacites. The studied Middle Jurassic rocks are found to be characteristic of near-shore shelfal environments changing, in certain time intervals, to deltaic conditions of sedimentation. The presence in the conglomerates and sandstones of large poorly rounded quartzite and carbonate fragments and of mudstone and volcanite pebbles indicates a proximal provenance of the clastics. For the first time we established a sharp angular unconformity between the intensely deformed Middle Jurassic and Upper Jurassic rocks in the region. Relations between the Late Jurassic subvolcanic deposits and the host rocks were studied. The carried out structural and tectonophysical investigations showed that folding occurred in two deformation stages. During the first stage, the Middle Jurassic clastic rocks were draped into small recumbent to isoclinal folds, cylindrical and parallel-type, with a NW strike. Cleavage is rare. The structural paragenesis of bedding-plane detachment faults, thrusts, normal faults, and strike slip faults is found to have formed in a single stress field together with the development of folds of the first deformation stage. The intensity of the first-stage folding increases from west to east. Restored are axes of paleostresses responsible for the formation of fold-and-thrust structures of the first deformation stage. The Upper Jurassic volcanogenic-sedimentary strata were deformed into superposed large, simple, open folds of the second stage, which exhibit sublatitudinal orientation. They associate with small-scale thrusts and, rarely, strike-slip faults. It is recognized that in the late Middle Jurassic or the early Late Jurassic the region was affected by intense folding which produced tectonic structures of NW strike. Accumulation of the Late Jurassic volcanogenic rocks and intrusion of subvolcanic deposits occurred on/into the earlier deformed Middle Jurassic rocks.
Tectonic Conditions for the Formation of Structures of the Sakandzha Ore District (Selennyakh Ridge, NE Asia)
Authors: Tretyakov Felix F. , Prokopiev rei V. , Vasiliev Dmitry A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Sakandzha gold-ore district occurs in the north-western margin of the Selennyakh allochthonous block of the Omulevka terrane forming part of the Kolyma-Omolon micricontinent (Verkhoyansk-Chersky orogenic belt, NE Asia). Tectonic structures of the Sakandzha ore district were formed in two stages of the Late Mesozoic deformation: thrust and strike-slip fault ones. Formation of the fold-and-thrust structures of the early Late Mesozoic deformation stage within the Selennyakh block and its thrusting, in the form of a thrust sheet, over the fold structures of the Tuostakh-Polousnyi zone in Neocomian time were almost synchronous with the intrusion of large granite plutons (Sakhanya and Syachan) into the fold-and-thrust structures in the northern part of the Verkhoyansk-Chersky orogenic belt. By the end of the Neocomian or in pre-Aptian time, strike-slip deformations of the second Late Mesozoic stage were superposed on the early thrust structures. At that time, the Selennyakh block was divided into smaller blocks by strike-slip faults, among them the Kalychan one. Two ore-bearing segments of different structure, Pologiy and Arbat, are distinguished within the Kalychan dextral strike-slip fault zone. As a result of strike-slip motions, the sedimentary rocks of these segments became steeply inclined, strongly deformed, and were pierced by a network of variably oriented fractures and cracks, which made them highly permeable for the circulating hydrothermal and ore solutions. The major Kalychan, Upper Kalychan and Arbat strike-slip faults are interpreted as the ore-feeding faults. The feathering subsidiary faults as well as strongly fractured zones are considered as ore-controlling and ore-bearing structures. The end of the Neocomian was marked by completion of the collision, and the Aptian-Albian period saw the inception of the Dzhakhtardakh volcanogenic belt of Early to Late Cretaceous age. Its formation is considered to be related to the crustal extension processes preceding the opening of the Eurasian ocean basin.
Vulnerability of the Territory of São Tiago Medical Spa Area in Relation to the Preservation of its Mineral Water Quality
Authors: Ferreira Gomes Luis M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The world is becoming more and more demanding in the quality of life of the common citizen. One way to achieve this quality is to enjoy health tourism. Medical Spa are an excellent equipment in this sense, because they allow practices of health treatment, or relaxation and well-being, aqualudic, focused on the use of natural mineral water, and with direct or indirect monitoring of health professionals (doctors). Thus, in Portugal, for a medical spa to function as such, it must have mineral water of stable quality. For this to be possible, it is necessary to comply with a set of procedures in the exploitation of water, and to impose restrictions on certain types of activities and due limitations on the occupation of the territory, in accordance with the implementation of the Protection Perimeter of groundwater abstraction of the medical spas. The maps of vulnerability to groundwater contamination are excellent instruments to contribute in the elaboration of the aforementioned Protection Perimeter. Thus, this paper presents the fundamental hydro-environmental elements in order to present the vulnerability map of the São Tiago medical spa territory. The General DRASTIC method is used, with a set of adaptations, called Specific DRASTIC, in order to preserve the areas most sensitive to the potential contamination of natural mineral water, and to liberate other areas that are not of potential danger to its contamination. It is also presented the map of occupation of the territory with registration of the main sources of potential pollution, making an analysis of the relationship between the results of the vulnerability map and the types of occupation. Finally, some conclusions are briefly presented.
Geotouristic Potential of Former Quarries in Northern Bohemia
Authors: Drápela Emil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Former quarries are among the places that are interesting for geotourism: they are mineralogical or paleontological sites; some quarries are valuable from an aesthetic or environmental point of view. In the quarries where mining was stopped centuries ago, traces of earlier mining technologies can be found, having significant historical value. Despite all the listed values, it is a sad fact that most of the quarries in the Czech Republic are revitalized after the end of mining in a way that destroy the values of the geosite. If nature conservation authorities intervene, it is usually because geosite is also a habitat for endangered species of fauna and flora, not for the protection of inanimate nature. The article analyses the process of making former quarries accessible to the public. First, the geosite evaluation methodology is presented, on the basis of which the localities with the greatest tourist potential and the lowest risks are selected. The methodology is based on six synthetic indicators, which are scientific value, cultural-historical value, aesthetic value, educational value, tourist value and vulnerability of the site. The methodology is explained on two examples of former quarries in northern Bohemia: Panská skála and Hamerský Špičák. The purpose of the methodology is to select suitable geosites, whose values should be protected and used to popularize geosciences and for geoeducation. The discussion points to good examples of making former quarries accessible to geotourism from nearby regions (e.g. UNESCO Geopark Muskauer Faltenbogen / Łuk Mużakowa). On the contrary, the issue of safety of visit to the geosite is mentioned too, which is in some cases the biggest obstacle to access to quarries. The conclusion summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the use of former quarries for geotourism purposes.