bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of metabotypes identified in an Irish population in the German KORA FF4 study
Authors: Riedl Anna , Wawro Nina , Meisinger Christa , Peters Annette , Rathmann Wolfgang , Koenig Wolfgang , Daniel Hannelore , Hauner Hans , Brennan Lorraine , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious work in an Irish cross-sectional study in adults identified three metabolic subgroups (metabotypes) of individuals using k-means cluster analysis based on four fasting clinical standard parameters (triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and glucose). We aimed to validate these metabotypes in another large population-based study. We assigned 2221 participants aged 38–88 years from the German Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 study (2013/2014) to the three metabotype clusters identified previously by minimizing the Euclidean distances. These clusters were characterized and compared with one another by metabolic characteristics as well as by cardiometabolic disease prevalence. Further, usual dietary intake of various foods/nutrients was estimated based on a food frequency questionnaire and multiple 24-hour food lists and was investigated across clusters. We identified three metabolically distinct clusters in the KORA FF4 study. Cluster 3 represented the group of participants with the most unfavorable metabolic characteristics (e.g. parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory markers), followed by clusters 2 and 1. Individuals in cluster 3 had the highest prevalence of metabolic diseases. Furthermore, they were characterized by the most unfavorable diet with significantly lowest intakes of vegetables, dairy products and fibers as well as significantly highest intakes of total, red and processed meat. Our finding of distinct metabolic subgroups in the KORA FF4 study suggest a successful validation of the metabotypes originally identified based on four commonly measured clinical parameters. Based on these metabotypes, targeted dietary recommendations may be developed for metabolic disease prevention.
The levels of serum vitamin D and ferritn in Korean women with obesity and severe obesity
Authors: Kang Nan-Hee , Choi Ha-Neul , Yim Jung-Eun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn Korean women, the prevalence rate of severe obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) increased from 2.8% in 2005 to 4.7% in 2015. It is reported that clinically severe obesity has more serious health problems than moderate obesity and creates additional challenges. Vitamin D was suggested a beneficial effect on inflammatory response, but serum ferritin was has been known as a biomarker of inflammation. The objective of this study is to compare the levels of vitamin D and ferritin in Korean women with moderate and severe obesity.Materials and Methods44 Korean women with obese and severely obese were recruited. The participants were classified as obese (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, n = 23) and severely obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, n = 21) group. The informed clinical data, including general information, anthropometric data, body composition, and blood analysis results, were obtained from the participants. Serum vitamin D [25(OH)D3] and ferritin were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS Statistics for Windows version 24.0.ResultsThere was a difference in eating habits, severely obese group ate more irregularly and consumed more snacks than obese group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin Alc, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were not significantly different in obese and severely obese group. And, the levels of serum 25(OH)D3 and ferritin were almost normal and there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionThis study showed that there is a difference in eating habits between obese group and severely obese group. The level of serum 25(OH)D3 was not declined while the level of serum ferritin was not elevated in Korean obese and severely obese women. This study has been performed with the limitation that the number of samples was not enough.
Zinc as a risk factor for myopia: Can we accurately assess status?
Authors: Burke Niamh , Butler John S. , Flitcroft Ian , Loughman James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMyopia is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in the world. Its prevalence has risen drastically over recent decades, and it is estimated that close to half the world population will be myopic by 2050.The rise in myopia is lifestyle related. Myopia occurs as a consequence of excessive eye growth, which may be related to general growth. Diet, therefore, is a potential risk factor. A number of Asian studies have reported lower levels of zinc in myopic adolescents, when compared to controls. Currently, there are no reliable indicators of zinc status. This study explores the association between zinc status and myopia using a combination of zinc assessment methods.Participants from two different population-based studies were used. Data from 1,095 adolescents aged 12–19 years, from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Study were used to examine the relationship between dietary zinc intake and myopia. Data from 304 subjects of similar age from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Study were used to examine the association between serum zinc levels and myopia using multivariate logistic regression.43% (NHANES) and 84% (KNHANES) of subjects were found to be myopic. Mean dietary intake of zinc was lower among myopes relative to non-myopes, but not significantly. In multivariate logistic regression, dietary zinc was not significantly associated with myopia. Among Korean subjects mean serum zinc was found to be higher in non-myopes v. myopes (p = 0.809). Multiple logistic regression did not show any significant relationship between serum zinc and myopia, after adjustment for confounders.In contrast to previous studies, no relationship was found between lower dietary zinc intake or lower serum zinc, and myopia. Currently the BOND Zinc Expert Panel recommend plasma zinc concentration to assess zinc status, despite its extreme sensitivity to both internal and external factors like; inflammation, fasting, pregnancy, oral contraception and diurnal rhythm. Biological samples are very easily contaminated, meaning strict quality controls and procedures are required. These factors severely impact reliability, and thus, comparison between studies is challenging, particularly in the case of contrasting findings.As zinc is a vital micronutrient and an estimated one-third of the population are affected by zinc deficiency. A reliable biomarker of status is important, for clinical and research needs.
Determinants and consequences of malnutrition in hospitalized patients at a Norwegian University Hospital
Authors: Trollebo Marte A. , Revheim Ingrid , Rosendahl-Riise Hanne , Morken Mette H. , Tangvik Randi J. , Dierkes Jutta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:Malnutrition is a serious condition that is frequent in hospitalized patients even in countries with high healthcare standards, and may affect up to 30% of all hospitalized patients in tertiary hospitals. Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition (hereafter referred to as malnutrition) strongly relate to clinical outcomes and mortality, even after adjustment for age and co-morbidities. There is a great need for improved methods for detecting and treating malnutrition in this population.Objective:Investigate factors that are associated with malnutrition at hospitalization, and provide data on specific nutrient deficiencies that are associated with malnutrition. Analyse the association of malnutrition with nutritional biomarkers, quality of life, disease-related functions and re-hospitalization, morbidity and mortality.Design:The study is s a prospective case-control study including patients from different Departments of a tertiary hospital (Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway). As part of the patients security programme, all hospitalized patients are routinely screened for nutritional risk using NRS-2002. The result allocates the patient to either the case- or the control group. Included patients undergo extensive examinations; standardized assessments of quality of life, socio-economic status, lifestyle habits, dietary habits and food intake, and anthropometric measurements (mid-upper arm circumference, waist circumference and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis). Blood and urine samples are collected to assess nutritional biomarkers related to malnutrition.Results:The study recruitment is ongoing and up to April 2019, 220 patients have been recruited (n = 90 (41%) at nutritional risk, n = 130 (59%) not at nutritional risk. Most of the patients are recruited from the Department of Heart Disease, n = 69 (31%) and Thoracic Medicine, n = 98 (45%). The recruitment of patients faces many challenges, including a high degree of non-participation (about one in four patients), and a high degree of misclassification (patients falsely categorized as ‘not at nutritional risk’).Conclusion:The study is unique due to the integration of patient-derived data on quality of life, food intake, and socio-economic factors with multiple and complementary nutritional biomarkers. A first result from the recruitment period is the need for specification of the specificity and sensitivity of screening tools for malnutrition in hospitals under realistic circumstances. This should ideally be tested in a multicentre study
The effects of brain-friendly diet on cognitive performance (Brave study)
Authors: Savenius Iina , Hongisto Sanna-Maria , Sibakov Juhani , Loponen Jussi , Diaz Heli , Fogelholm Leila , Pakarinen Satu , Lukander Kristian , Laaksonen Marika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Cognitive performance is related to lipid and glucose metabolism and metabolic activation that are regulated by diet. The Brave study has shown beneficial effects of brain-friendly diet (Brainfood) on metabolic health in office workers with elevated metabolic risk. We further examined the effects of Brainfood on cognitive performance.Materials and methods:We conducted a diet-switch, 4-week intervention study on 84 volunteers with elevated plasma LDL levels in pre-screening. During the control period participants continued their habitual eating pattern and were offered an optional lunch following western-type diet, and they did not receive nutritional guidance. In Brainfood period, lunch, snack and breakfast offering was optimised for the quality of carbohydrates and fat and the intake of salt and protein. Educated nutritionist instructed the participants to follow the Brainfood diet and regular meal pattern.Participants kept a 3-day food record at the end of control and Brainfood periods. For each participant, we calculated the Brainfood ratio comparing the total frequencies of consumption of brain-friendly and brain-unfriendly foods. We ranked the subjects also according to the change in brain-friendly nutrient intake (saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, fibre, sugar and salt) from control to Brainfood period.Cognitive performance (cognitive control and flexibility, attention, inhibition, learning, and memory) were measured with a combination of traditional standardized neuropsychological tests (Bourdon-Wiersma double task, Stroop Colour and Word Test, WMS-III: Letter-Number Sequencing, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) and modern computer and mobile tests (Flexible Attention Test FAT, N-Back task and Task-switching task) before and after the Brainfood diet. In addition, participants evaluated their vigilance, task load and performance after each test with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX).We compared the change in cognitive performance before and after Brainfood diet between the subgroups with the highest and lowest Brainfood ratio and the highest and lowest brain-friendly nutrient intake using repeated measures analysis of variance.Results:Brainfood diet reduced intakes of saturated fat and salt, and increased intakes of polyunsaturated fat, fibre, vitamin C and D, iron and magnesium (p < 0,03). Participants with the highest Brainfood ratio improved reaction time (FAT; p-value for interaction 0,01, multiple comparison correction not applied), switch cost (Task-switching; p = 0,02) and inhibition tendency (Stroop; p = 0,047). Better dietary fat quality decreased self-reported physical strain (NASA-TLX; p-values < 0,007), and higher fibre intake decreased self-reported sleepiness (KSS; p = 0,033).Discussion:Brainfood diet may positively affect cognitive performance in office workers with elevated metabolic risk.
Associations of eating habits and the saliva microbiota in Finnish adolescents
Authors: Viljakainen Jannina , Raju Sajan C. , Figueiredo Rejane Augusta de Oliveira , Viljakainen Heli , Roos Eva , Weiderpass Elisabete , Rounge Trine B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe composition of diet plays a vital role in maintaining health and may alter the human microbiota. The main focus to date has been on the association between diet and gut microbiota and only few studies have investigated the correlation between diet and the saliva microbiota. Our aim was to investigate whether eating habits and meal patterns are associated with the saliva microbiota. In this study, we included 842 adolescents aged 11–14 years from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) study cohort. Adolescents answered a web-based questionnaire, including information on eating habits, breakfast and dinner patterns at school. Questions related to diet were adapted to the age group. Previously three major eating habits were identified: healthy, unhealthy and fruit and vegetable avoiders. Saliva microbiota profiles were produced by 16S (V3-V4) sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq platform. We found that the regular breakfast eaters had a higher diversity than the irregular breakfast eaters (Shannon index mean 2.27 vs. 2.21, ANCOVA; p-value = 0.026 and inverse Simpsońs index mean 6.21 vs. 5.70, ANCOVA; p-value = 0.004 adjusted for gender, age, language, body mass index (BMI) categories, and sequencing depth). No associations were found between microbiota and eating habit groups, and between microbiota and dinner pattern groups. Microbial composition differed between the regular breakfast and irregular breakfast eaters (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index, PERMANOVA; p = 0.021), but not between eating habit groups or dinner pattern groups. A high abundance of Prevotella was identified in the fruit and vegetable avoideŕs, irregular breakfast and irregular dinner eaters. Our results indicate that having an irregular breakfast may shape the saliva microbiota diversity. Prevotella may be an indicator of avoiding veggies and skipping meals.
Greenhouse gas emissions and energy use of self-selected diet is not associated with diet quality among Japanese adults
Authors: Sugimoto Minami , Murakami Kentaro , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany previous studies supported that shift of dietary choice is necessary to reduce environmental impact and achieve a healthy diet. However, inconsistent results have been shown for the association between the environmental impact of diet and its nutritional adequacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between environmental indicator including greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and energy use (EU) and diet quality using several diet quality scores among Japanese. Dietary data were obtained from a cross-sectional study including 392 healthy adults (196 women and 196 men, aged 20–69 y) living in 20 areas of 47 prefectures, in which four non-consecutive-day diet record was collected from February to March in 2013. Diet-related GHGE and EU were estimated using the Global Link Input-Output model. Diet quality was assessed with the adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFG score), its modified version (modified JFG score), Nutrient-rich Dietary index (NRD9.3.), the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. Participants were categorized into sex-specific tertiles according to energy-adjusted GHGE or EU then mixed for the analysis. Using the PROC GLM procedure, linear regression models were constructed to examine the association of environmental indicators with diet quality and intakes of foods and nutrition. Diet-related GHGE and EU were positively associated with NRF.9.3 score and MDS. Diet-related EU was also positively associated with DASH score. However, there was no significant association observed in either JFG score or the modified JFG score with both diet-related GHGE and EU. Diet-related GHGE and EU were both negatively associated with intakes of well-milled rice, fats and oils, and sugar-sweetened beverage, and positively associated with intakes of vegetables, mushroom, fish and seafood, tea and coffee and seasoning, protein, and several micronutrients. A positive association between GHGE or EU, and NRF.9.3 or MSD was seemed to be due to higher intake of vegetables, fish and seafood, meat, vitamin A, iron, potassium in high GHGE or EU group than low GHGE or EU group. The results suggested that achieving low GHGE or EU diet might not lead to higher nutritional quality among Japanese. On the other hand, it may be possible that diet quality scores used in this study could not appropriately evaluate nutritional adequacy of the diet for the Japanese population as previously suggested.
Associations between consumption of ready to eat cereal and nutrient intake in the United Kingdom
Authors: Zhu Yong , Smith Jessica , Jain Neha , Vanage Vipra , Sharma Mitesh , Holschuh Norton , Agler Anne Hermetet 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionReady to eat cereal (RTEC) is a nutrient dense food in a typical western diet. Studies have reported better nutrient intake associated with RTEC consumption in other countries, however, little is known in the United Kingdom. The objective of the study was to examine consumption patterns of RTEC and to investigate associations between RTEC consumption and nutrient intake in a nationally representative sample in the United Kingdom.Materials and MethodsChildren aged 1.5–18 years old (N = 2564) and adults aged 19 years or older (N = 2705) from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme 2012/13–2015/16 were included in the study. The average of four-day food diary data was used for analysis. RTEC included all food items from the high fiber breakfast cereals and other breakfast cereals, excluding porridge and instant hot oat cereals. Participants were classified as RTEC eaters if they reported consumption of RTEC at least once during the four days. Percentage contribution of RTEC to daily intake of nutrients in RTEC eaters was calculated. Differences in energy and nutrient intake between RTEC eaters and non-eaters were compared using multiple linear regression analyses for surveys, adjusting for age, gender, and equivalized income level. Energy intake was also included as a covariate in the analyses of nutrients intake.ResultsAbout 75% of children were RTEC eaters, whereas 52% of adults reported RTEC consumption. Their daily intake of RTEC were 35.1 g and 42.8 g, respectively. RTEC is a critical source of several key vitamins and minerals. For example, RTEC contributed to over 20% of daily intake of iron, folate, vitamin D, riboflavin, and thiamin in both children and adults who consumed RTEC. Compared to non-eaters, both child and adult RTEC eaters had significantly higher intake of total energy, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, niacin, folate, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, as well as significantly lower intake of sodium and total fat. Adult RTEC eaters also had higher intake of vitamin C and vitamin D. There was no difference in intake of non-milk extrinsic sugar by RTEC consumption status in both children and adults, although total sugar intake was higher in adult RTEC eaters.DiscussionRTEC is an important dietary source of key nutrients in the United Kingdom. Consumption of RTEC is associated with higher intake of nutrients to encourage and lower intake of nutrients to limit, in both children and adults in the United Kingdom.
Dietary pesticide exposure profiles in the NutriNet-Santé cohort
Authors: Rebouillat Pauline , Vidal Rodolphe , Cravedi Jean-Pierre , Taupier-Letage Bruno , Debrauwer Laurent , Gamet-Payrastre Laurence , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Lairon Denis , Baudry Julia , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPesticides are used in large quantities in current agriculture all over Europe. Some pesticides are suspected of having negative effects on human health. While the risk associated with occupational exposure is getting well-documented, evidence of dietary exposure to these molecules in the general population is lacking. The aim of this study is to describe dietary exposure to pesticides among NutriNet-Santé cohort participants’.NutriNet-Santé is a web-based cohort of French middle-aged adults launched in 2009. BioNutriNet is an ancillary study launched in 2014, aiming to measure organic and conventional food consumption and evaluate different dimensions of diet sustainability. Dietary intake of organic and conventional foods was assessed using a 264 items self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Exposure to 25 commonly used pesticides was evaluated using contamination data from CVUA Stuttgart accounting for farming system. Dietary pesticide exposure profiles were identified using Non-Negative Matrix factorization (NMF), specially adapted for non-negative data with excess zeros. The NMF scores were then introduced in a hierarchical clustering process. Identified clusters were described in terms of sociodemographics, dietary patterns and exposure to pesticides.A total of 34,442 participants were selected. Four clusters were identified. All clusters seemed to be exposed to the same molecules, with gradual intensity. The first cluster was characterized by the lowest energy-intake, highest organic food consumption (26.9%) and lowest dietary pesticide exposure; participants had highest consumption levels of organic food groups, including fruits and vegetables. Proportion of male participants and of rural residents was higher than in other groups. Clusters 2 and 3 were characterized by intermediate energy intake, and low organic food consumption. High conventional fruits and vegetables intake and moderate pesticide exposure were observed in cluster 2, composed of a lower smokers’ proportion. Cluster 3 individuals were less exposed to pesticides than clusters 2 and 4, except for Spinosad and Pyrethrins. Cluster 4 was characterized by the highest energy intake, lowest organic food consumption (12.2%), and highest pesticide exposure ; high consumption levels of conventional fruits, vegetables and a higher proportion of vegetarians were observed. This cluster was composed of 85.6% female participants, mainly retired (47.5%), mostly living in cities of 200 000 inhabitants and more (48.2%), and physically active.Dietary pesticide exposures seem to vary across the clusters and depending on the proportion of organic food in the diet. High consumers of conventional fruits and vegetables consumers seem to be more exposed to our selection of pesticides.