bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Responsiveness of Alveolar Bone and Long Bone to Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Interaction‐Related Factor
Authors: Son Chul , Choi Moon Sil , Park Joo‐Cheol 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAlveolar bone is both morphologically and functionally different from other bones of the axial or peripheral skeleton. Because of its sensitive nature to external stimuli including mechanical stress, bone loss stimuli, and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw, alveolar bone rendering is seen as an important factor in various dental surgical processes. Although multiple studies have validated the response of long bone to various factors, how alveolar bone responds to functional stimuli still needs further clarification. To examine the characteristics of bone in vitro, we isolated cells from alveolar, femur, and tibia bone tissue. Although primary cultured mouse alveolar bone‐derived cells (mABDCs) and mouse long bone‐derived cells (mLBDCs) exhibited similar osteoblastic characteristics, morphology, and proliferation rates, both showed distinct expression of neural crest (NC) and epithelial–mesenchymal interaction (EMI)‐related genes. Furthermore, they showed significantly different mineralization rates. RNA sequencing data demonstrated distinct transcriptome profiles of alveolar bone and long bone. Osteogenic, NC‐, and EMI‐related genes showed distinct expression between mABDCs and mLBDCs. When the gene expression patterns during osteogenic differentiation were analyzed, excluding several osteogenic genes, NC‐ and EMI‐related genes showed different expression patterns. Among EMI‐related proteins, BMP4 elevated the expression levels of osteogenic genes, Msx2, Dlx5, and Bmp2 the most, more noticeably in mABDCs than in mLBDCs during osteogenic differentiation. In in vivo models, the BMP4‐treated mABDC group showed massive bone formation and maturation as opposed to its counterpart. Bone sialoprotein expression was also validated in calcified tissues. Overall, our data suggest that alveolar bone and long bone have different responsiveness to EMI by distinct gene regulation. In particular, BMP4 has critical bone formation effects on alveolar bone, but not on long bone. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
TET1 Directs Chondrogenic Differentiation by Regulating SOX9 Dependent Activation of Col2a1 and Acan In Vitro
Authors: Smeriglio Piera , Grandi Fiorella Carla , Taylor Sarah Elizabeth Brook , Zalc Antoine , Bhutani Nidhi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTSkeletal development is a tightly orchestrated process in which cartilage and bone differentiation are intricately intertwined. Recent studies have highlighted the contribution of epigenetic modifications and their writers to skeletal development. Methylated cytosine (5mC) can be oxidized to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the Ten‐eleven‐translocation (TET) enzymes leading to demethylation. We have previously demonstrated that 5hmC is stably accumulated on lineage‐specific genes that are activated during in vitro chondrogenesis in the ATDC5 chondroprogenitors. Knockdown (KD) of Tet1 via short‐hairpin RNAs blocked ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation. Here, we aimed to provide the mechanistic basis for TET1 function during ATDC5 differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis of Tet1 KD cells demonstrated that 54% of downregulated genes were SOX9 targets, suggesting a role for TET1 in mediating activation of a subset of the SOX9 target genes. Using genome‐wide mapping of 5hmC during ATDC5 differentiation, we found that 5hmC is preferentially accumulated at chondrocyte‐specific class II binding sites for SOX9, as compared with the tissue‐agnostic class I sites. Specifically, we find that SOX9 is unable to bind to Col2a1 and Acan after Tet1 KD, despite no changes in SOX9 levels. Finally, we compared this KD scenario with the genetic loss of TET1 in the growth plate using Tet1−/− embryos, which are approximately 10% smaller than their WT counterparts. In E17.5 Tet1−/− embryos, loss of SOX9 target gene expression is more modest than upon Tet1 KD in vitro. Overall, our data suggest a role for TET1‐mediated 5hmC deposition in partly shaping an epigenome conducive for SOX9 function. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Macroprolactinemia Attenuates the Impact of Levothyroxine on Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Thyroid Axis Activity and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Women With Autoimmune Hypothyroidism
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBecause of contradictory results, clinical significance of elevated levels of macroprolactin (macroprolactinemia) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether macroprolactinemia determines levothyroxine action on hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis activity and thyroid antibody titers in women with autoimmune hypothyroidism. The study population included 2 age‐, body mass index–, hormone‐, and thyroid antibody–matched groups of premenopausal women with untreated autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism: 15 subjects with coexisting macroprolactinemia and 29 individuals with prolactin levels within the reference range. All included patients were then treated with levothyroxine for 6 months. Serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, prolactin and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, as well as macroprolactin content were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Except for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and macroprolactin content, there were no significant differences between both study arms in the investigated markers. All participants completed the study. In both treatment arms, levothyroxine treatment decreased thyrotropin levels, increased free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels, as well as reduced thyroid peroxidase titers, but this effect was less pronounced in women with macroprolactinemia. In women with normal prolactin levels, levothyroxine reduced also thyroglobulin antibody titers and increased 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. In this group of patients, treatment‐induced changes in hormone levels and thyroid antibody titers correlated with treatment‐induced changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. The obtained results suggest that macroprolactin excess attenuates the impact of levothyroxine on hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis activity and thyroid autoimmunity.
Thermoregulation and thermal performance of crested geckos (Correlophus ciliatus) suggest an extended optimality hypothesis for the evolution of thermoregulatory set‐points
Authors: Aparicio Ramirez Andrea , Perez Karina , Telemeco Rory S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCrested geckos (Correlophus ciliatus, formerly Rhacodactylus ciliatus) were rediscovered in New Caledonia 25 years ago and despite being common in the pet trade, there is no published information on their physiology. We measured thermoregulation (preferred body temperature, thermal set‐point range, and voluntary limits) and performance (thermal performance curves [TPC] for 25 cm sprint speed and 1 m running speed) of adult and juvenile crested geckos in the laboratory to describe their thermal tolerances, differences among life stages, correlations between behavior and performance, and correlations with natural temperatures. Despite lacking special lighting or heating requirements in captivity, crested geckos displayed typical thermal biology for a lizard with no difference among life stages. They thermoregulated to a narrow set‐point range (TSET, 24–28°C), that broadly overlaps natural air temperatures in New Caledonia, during activity. Somewhat surprisingly, the optimal temperature for performance (TOPT, 32°C) was substantially above preferred body temperatures and approximated the average maximum temperature voluntarily experienced (VTMAX, 33°C). Preferred body temperatures, by contrast, corresponded to the lower threshold temperature (Td) where the TPC deviated from exponential, which we suggest is the temperature where performance is optimized after accounting for the costs of metabolic demand and overheating risk. Our results demonstrate that despite their lack of specific requirements when housed in human dwellings, crested geckos actively thermoregulate to temperatures that facilitate performance, and have thermal biology typical of other nocturnal or shade‐dwelling species. Additionally, crested geckos appear at little risk of direct climate change‐induced decline because increased temperatures should allow increased activity.
Transcriptome analysis of ovarian maturation in a chondrostei Chinese sturgeonAcipenser sinensis
Authors: He Shan , Du Hao , Ren Ping , Leng Xiao‐Qian , Tan Qing‐Song , Li Chuang‐Ju , Liang Xu‐Fang , Wei Qi‐Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) with an evolutionary history of over 200 million years, has a long lifespan, and an extremely late and asynchronous sexual maturation (8–18 years for males and 14–26 years for females), resulting in the difficulty of mature adult culture. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of the transition among ovarian maturation stages in the Chinese sturgeon. We performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of the Chinese sturgeon at different ovarian maturation stages (FII, FIII, and FIV). The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FII and FIII/FIV (33,517/34,217) was more than that between FIII and FIV (22,123), suggesting that the transition from FII to FIII/FIV is more important than that from FIII to FIV for ovarian maturation. The number of upregulated genes was more than that of the downregulated genes, suggesting that increased gene expression was involved in the transition from FII to FIII/FIV. The representative pathways of DEGs were steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, glycerolipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, and α‐linolenic acid metabolism. The differential expressions from the transcriptome sequencing were validated with real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. We also found 13 genes in sexual development, female sex determination, gonadal development, ovarian maturation, ovarian follicle development, and oocyte development pathways, which were differently expressed among fish at FII, FIII, and FIV. We suggest that enhanced synthesis of steroid, unsaturated fatty acid, and α‐linolenic acid may contribute to ovarian maturation of the Chinese sturgeon. These potential determinants provide a glimpse of the molecular architecture of ovary development in sturgeons.
Clearance and persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Carmo Anália , Pereira‐Vaz João , Mota Vanda , Mendes Alexandra , Morais Célia , da Silva Andreia Coelho , Camilo Elisabete , Pinto Catarina Silva , Cunha Elizabete , Pereira Janet , Coucelo Margarida , Martinho Patrícia , Correia Lurdes , Marques Gilberto , Araújo Lucília , Rodrigues Fernando 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with coronavirus disease‐2019 may be discharged based on clinical resolution of symptoms, and evidence for viral RNA clearance from the upper respiratory tract. Understanding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral clearance profile is crucial to establish a re‐testing plan on discharge and ending isolation of patients. We aimed to evaluate the number of days that a patient needed to achieve undetectable levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 in upper respiratory tract specimens (nasopharyngeal swab and/or an oropharyngeal swab). The clearance and persistence of viral RNA was evaluated in two groups of positive patients: those who achieved two negative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) tests and those who kept testing positive. Patients were organized thereafter in two subgroups, mild illness patients discharged home and inpatients who had moderate to severe illness. Results from RT‐PCR tests were then correlated with results from the evaluation of the immune response. The study evidenced that most patients tested positive for more than 2 weeks and that persistence of viral RNA is not necessarily associated with severe disease but may result from a weaker immune response instead.
Structural, physicochemical and emulsifying properties of sweet potato pectin treated by high hydrostatic pressure and/or pectinase: a comparative study
Authors: Arachchige Melani Purnika Mudugamuwa , Mu Taihua , Ma Mengmei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the sixth most important food crop in the world, and China is the largest producer. Large amounts of sweet potato residues are generated during starch extraction, leading to environmental pollution and resource waste. However, these residues can be used as a viable source for pectin extraction. As a natural biopolymer with high molecular weight and complex structure, the usefulness of pectin has been limited, and it needs to be modified in order to improve its physicochemical properties, thus expanding its applications in the food industry. Therefore, the reported study was conducted to modify sweet potato pectin (SPP) using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and/or pectinase treatment, and to determine the effects of such treatment on structural, physicochemical and emulsifying properties.RESULTSThe results demonstrated that the molecular weight of SPP decreased following HHP and pectinase treatment, which was evidenced using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The degree of esterification was also decreased, confirmed by decreased intensity of the peak at 1739 cm−1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum and decreased peaks at 3.6 and 3.8 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. Moreover, the content of monosaccharides and uronic acids increased and emulsifying properties improved after HHP and pectinase treatment.CONCLUSIONSHHP‐assisted pectinase treatment could be used as novel technique for the modification of pectin to give better emulsifying properties with great potential for application in the food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Differences between oculomotor and perceptual artifacts for temporally limited head mounted displays
Authors: Goettker Alexander , MacKenzie Kevin J. , Murdison T. Scott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe used perceptual and oculomotor measures to understand the negative impacts of low (phantom array) and high (motion blur) duty cycles with a high‐speed, AR‐likehead‐mounted display prototype. We observed large intersubject variability for the detection of phantom array artifacts but a highly consistent and systematic effect on saccadic eye movement targeting during low duty cycle presentations. This adverse effect on saccade endpoints was also related to an increased error rate in a perceptual discrimination task, showing a direct effect of display duty cycle on the perceptual quality. For high duty cycles, the probability of detecting motion blur increased during head movements, and this effect was elevated at lower refresh rates. We did not find an impact of the temporal display characteristics on compensatory eye movements during head motion (e.g., VOR). Together, our results allow us to quantify the tradeoff of different negative spatiotemporal impacts of user movements and make subsequent recommendations for optimized temporal HMD parameters.
Comparison of sublobar resection and lobectomy for patients with small (≤2cm) second primary non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Donglai , Wu Xuejie , Wen Junmiao , Xue Yuhang , Wang Wenjia , Wang Yifei , Xue Tao , Chen Chang , Chen Yongbing , Yang Wentao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether sublobar resection (SR) is equivalent to lobectomy for small (≤ 2 cm) second primary lung cancer (SPLC).MethodsWe identified 834 patients with T1aN0M0 SPLC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2000‐2016. Overall survival (OS) was compared between lobectomy and SR after propensity‐score matching. A total of 228 patients with SPLC were identified from three institutions in China as the validation set.ResultsSR was an independent risk factor for patients with 1 to 2 cm SPLC (SR vs Lob: hazard ratio [HR], 1.593; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.186‐2.141; P = .002) but not for patients with SPLC ≤ 1 cm (SR vs Lob: HR, 1.206; 95% CI, 0.790‐1.841; P = .385). Subgroup analysis on the SEER data indicated that OS favored lobectomy compared with SR for contralateral SPLC ≤ 2 cm but not for ipsilateral ones (ipsilateral: P = .692; contralateral: P = .030). Our multi‐institutional data also revealed that SR was equivalent to lobectomy for patients with ≤2 cm ipsilateral SPLC.ConclusionsSR is equivalent to lobectomy for SPLC ≤ 1 cm but not for SPLC > 1 to 2 cm. SR might be recommended for patients with ipsilateral small SPLC considering the difficulty in reoperations.
Preshearing is an in situ setting modification method for inorganic bone cements
Authors: Şahin Erdem , Kalyon Dilhan M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe flow behaviour and injectability of calcium phosphate cements are outcomes of the complex interplay between time‐dependent processes of dissolution, nucleation and crystal growth. Their dependence on shear strains, frequencies and rates has been revealed by rheological investigation of the setting processes of a brushite cement under torsional flow. Various oscillatory torsional strain amplitudes and frequencies were seen to promote dissolution or delay crystal intergrowth compared to quiescently set cement samples. Oscillatory torsional strain amplitudes higher than the linear viscoelastic strain limit resulted in a pronounced lag in crystal intergrowth. Dissolution was enhanced and setting was promoted with increasing frequency and strain amplitude within the linear viscoelastic strain range. Changing the preshearing mode to steady torsion increased energy spent to microstructural deformation, counteracting the beneficial vibratory effect on cement setting kinetics, and produced a net retardation by the disruption of the crystal network structure. Such deformation history can be created in the cement suspension prior to injection during clinical practice by precise adjustment of the preshearing modes and parameters to enable the orthopaedic surgeon tailor the setting time, flow behaviour and injectability of calcium phosphate cements in situ without altering the cement chemistry, hence bioactivity.
Using the Semiempirical Quantum Mechanics in Improving the Molecular Docking: A Case Study with CDK2
Authors: Bagheri Saleh , Behnejad Hassan , Firouzi Rohoullah , Karimi‐Jafari Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we use some modified semiempirical quantum mechanics (SQM) methods for improving the molecular docking process. To this end, the three popular SQM Hamiltonians, PM6, PM6‐D3H4X, and PM7 are employed for geometry optimization of some binding modes of ligands docked into the human cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) by two widely used docking tools, AutoDock and AutoDock Vina. The results were analyzed with two different evaluation metrics: the symmetry‐corrected heavy‐atom RMSD and the fraction of recovered ligand‐protein contacts. It is shown that the evaluation of the fraction of recovered contacts is more useful to measure the similarity between two structures when interacting with a protein. It was also found that AutoDock is more successful than AutoDock Vina in producing the correct ligand poses (RMSD≤2.0 Å) and ranking of the poses. It is also demonstrated that the ligand optimization at the SQM level improves the docking results and the SQM structures have a significantly better fit to the observed crystal structures. Finally, the SQM optimizations reduce the number of close contacts in the docking poses and successfully remove most of the clash or bad contacts between ligand and protein.
Accounting for capacity: A real‐time optimization approach to managing observation unit utilization
Authors: Dwyer‐Matzky Keely , Pachamanova Dessislava , Tilson Vera 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHospital observation units (OUs) are meant to host patients for relatively short periods of time, during which healthcare providers can observe a patient (usually following an emergency department encounter) and assess the need for an inpatient hospital admission. The initial placement of a patient in a unit (inpatient or observation) can have consequences for the care the patient receives and the patient's length of stay in the hospital, as well as financial implications for both the patient and the hospital. We propose a practical real‐time optimization algorithm that balances the need to place a patient in the OU with considerations for available capacity. Through computational experiments with inputs derived from real data, we study the benefit of using the algorithm for placing the right type of patients in the OU. We discuss the role of data‐driven decision support tools like the proposed algorithm for anchoring the decision‐making process in a hospital setting and for incorporating the viewpoints of multiple stakeholders by defining appropriate “rewards” for available alternatives.
A robust and efficient numerical finite element method for cables
Authors: Bertrand C. , Acary V. , Lamarque C.‐H. , Ture Savadkoohi A. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryNumerical simulation of cable systems remain delicate due to their geometrical nonlinearity and also to their intrinsic unilateral constitutive law. Indeed Finite Element approaches (if not implemented carefully) fail to predict accurate equilibrium for cable structures. The major issue to be addressed is the ill‐conditioning, starting configuration and wrong choice of descent direction during iterative methods. An iterative scheme based on Finite Element Method is presented to overcome this issue, even with large number of elements.
Quasi‐Newton waveform iteration for partitioned surface‐coupled multiphysics applications
Authors: Rüth Benjamin , Uekermann Benjamin , Mehl Miriam , Birken Philipp , Monge Azahar , Bungartz Hans‐Joachim 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWe present novel coupling schemes for partitioned multiphysics simulation that combine four important aspects for strongly coupled problems: implicit coupling per time step, fast and robust acceleration of the corresponding iterative coupling, support for multirate time stepping, and higher‐order convergence in time. To achieve this, we combine waveform relaxation—a known method to achieve higher‐order in applications with split time stepping based on continuous representations of coupling variables in time— with interface quasi‐Newton coupling, which has been developed throughout the last decade and is generally accepted as a very robust iterative coupling method even for gluing together black‐box simulation codes. We show convergence results (in terms of convergence of the iterative solver and in terms of approximation order in time) for two academic testcases—a heat transfer scenario and a fluid‐structure interaction simulation. We show that we achieve the expected approximation order and that our iterative method is competitive in terms of iteration counts with those designed for simpler first‐order‐in‐time coupling.