bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snord67 promotes lymph node metastasis and regulates U6-mediated alternative splicing in breast cancer
Authors: Chao Yvonne L. , Zhu Yinzhou , Wiedner Hannah J. , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Wilkinson Lily , Porrello Alessandro , Van Swearingen Amanda E.D. , Carey Lisa A. , Giudice Jimena , Holley Christopher L. , Pecot Chad V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSmall nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have long been considered “housekeeping genes”, important for ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis. However, there is increasing evidence that this largely ignored class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also have wide-ranging, non-canonical functions in diseases, including cancer. SnoRNAs have been shown to have both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles, yet whether snoRNAs regulate metastasis is unknown. Here we show that expression of certain snoRNAs are enriched in lymph node (LN) metastases in a micro-surgical, immune-competent mouse model of breast cancer. We identify the snoRNA Snord67 as a key regulator of LN metastasis. Knockout of Snord67 resulted in significantly decreased LN tumor growth and subsequent development of distant metastases. This was associated with loss of targeted 2’-O-methylation on the small nuclear RNA U6, a component of the spliceosome. RNA sequencing revealed distinct alternative splicing patterns in Snord67 knockout cells. Using rapid autopsy breast cancer cases, we found that matched human primary tumor and LN metastases revealed similar alternatively spliced genes, including several that are known to contribute to cancer. These results demonstrate that Snord67 is critical for growth of LN metastases and subsequent spread to distant metastases, and suggest that snoRNA-guided modifications of the spliceosome represent a previously unappreciated, yet targetable pathway in cancer.
A simplified cell-based assay to identify coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitors
Authors: Resnick Samuel J. , Iketani Sho , Hong Seo Jung , Zask Arie , Liu Hengrui , Kim Sungsoo , Melore Schuyler , Nair Manoj S. , Huang Yaoxing , Tay Nicholas E.S. , Rovis Tomislav , Yang Hee Won , Stockwell Brent R. , Ho David D. , Chavez Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe describe a mammalian cell-based assay capable of identifying coronavirus 3CL protease (3CLpro) inhibitors without requiring the use of live virus. By enabling the facile testing of compounds across a range of coronavirus 3CLpro enzymes, including the one from SARS-CoV-2, we are able to quickly identify compounds with broad or narrow spectra of activity. We further demonstrate the utility of our approach by performing a curated compound screen along with structure-activity profiling of a series of small molecules to identify compounds with antiviral activity. Throughout these studies, we observed concordance between data emerging from this assay and from live virus assays. By democratizing the testing of 3CL inhibitors to enable screening in the majority of laboratories rather than the few with extensive biosafety infrastructure, we hope to expedite the search for coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitors, to address the current epidemic and future ones that will inevitably arise.
Epigenetic inheritance and the evolution of infectious diseases
Authors: McLeod David V. , Wild Geoff , Úbeda Francisco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenes with identical DNA sequences may show differential expression because of epigenetic marks. These marks in pathogens are key to their virulence and are being evaluated as targets for medical treatment. Where epigenetic marks were created in response to past conditions (epigenetically inherited), they represent a form of memory, the impact of which has not been considered in the evolution of infectious diseases. We fill this gap by exploring the evolution of virulence in pathogens that inherit epigenetic information on the sex of their previous host. We show that memories of past hosts can also provide clues about the sex of present and future hosts when women and men differ in their immunity to infection and/or their interactions with the sexes. These biological and social differences between the sexes are pervasive in humans. We show that natural selection can favour the evolution of greater virulence in infections originating from one sex. Furthermore, natural selection can favour the evolution of greater virulence in infections across sexes (or within sexes). Our results explain certain patterns of virulence in diseases like measles, chickenpox and polio that have puzzled medical researchers for decades. In particular, they address why girls infected by boys (or boys infected by girls) are more likely to die from the infection than girls infected by girls (or boys infected by boys). We propose epigenetic therapies to treat infections by tampering with the memories of infecting pathogens. Counterintuitively, we predict that successful therapies should target pathogen’s genes that inhibit virulence, rather than those enhancing virulence. Our findings imply that pathogens can carry memories of past environments other than sex (e.g. those related to socioeconomic status) that may condition their virulence and could signify an important new direction in personalised medicine.
Previously unrecorded distribution of marine sediments derived yeast isolates revealed by DNA barcoding
Authors: PrasannaKumar Chinnamani , Velmurugan Shanmugam , Subramanian Kumaran , Pugazhvendan S. R. , Nagaraj D. Senthil , Khan K. Feroz , Sadiappan Balamurugan , Manokaran Seerangan , Hemalatha Kaveripakam Raman , Aruni Wilson , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor the yeast population and diversity, marine habitats are the least explored niches and the lack of validated database is considered to be a drawback for yeast research. The aim of the present study is to create a comprehensive DNA barcode library for marine derived yeast species isolated from organic burial hotspots such as coastal sediment in mangrove and continental shelf ecosystems. As we enriched, isolated and ITS gene sequenced 1017 marine derived yeast isolates belonging to 157 marine species in 55 genera, 28 families, 14 orders, 8 classes of 2 Phyla (viz., Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) of which 13 yeast species were first time barcoded. We witnessed yeast species of both terrestrial and marine endemic origin in the barcode datasets. Due to the large volume of sequencing trace files, the variable length of extracted sequences, and the lack of reference sequences in public databases, difficulties were faced in taxonomic sequence validation. The length of the majority of the sequences (99.42%) were more than or equal to 600 base pairs. BLAST analysis revealed that 13 yeast species were barcoded for the first time. The genus, Candida was the speciose genera isolated in this study. K2P intra-species distance analysis performed for selective groups yielded an average of 0.33%, well below the previously proposed yeast barcode gap. ITS gene NJ-tree based identification conducted for selective species in Ascomycota and Basidomycota, precisely clustered the same species into one group, indicating the efficacy of ITS gene in yeast species delineation. Besides isolating some of the common marine yeast species such as Candida oceani, Bandonia marina and Yarrowia lipolytica, we found approximately 60% of the yeast species isolates were previously unrecorded from the marine environment (example; Cystobasidiopsis lactophilus, Slooffia cresolica, Udeniozyma ferulica, Colacogloea falcatus and Pichia guilliermondii), of which 16.5% were recognised as potential human pathogens (example; Candida orthopsilosis, C. rugosa, Debaryomyces fabryi and Yamadazyma triangularis). Apart from releasing the barcode data in GenBank, provisions were made to access the entire dataset along with meta-data in the Barcode of life database (http://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-MYIC). This research constitutes the largest dataset to date for collecting marine yeast isolates and their barcodes. As meta- and environmental barcoding analysis were expanding its scope including environmental assessment and monitoring, the datasets such as ours will be more useful.
Personal growth initiative: the effects of person–organization fit, work empowerment and authentic leadership
Authors: (Brian) Joo Baek-Kyoo , Park Sohee , Lee Suhyung 
Published: August 2020

PurposeBecause of the changing psychological contract between employers and employees over time, the primary responsibility for career development has shifted from organizations to employees. As the role of individuals in career development has become important, personal growth initiative (PGI), individuals' positive and proactive stance toward change and continuous self-improvement, can be a pivotal construct in the fields of human resources (HR), organizational behavior (OB) and career management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of person–organization fit (POF), authentic leadership and work empowerment on PGI.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 235 employees of a leading telecommunication company in South Korea. Most respondents were highly educated male managers in their 30s and 40s. With an overall confirmatory factor analysis, the four-factor measurement model indicated a good fit to the data. The relationships between variables and the relative importance of each independent variables were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, along with a bootstrapping to examine the mediation effect of work empowerment.FindingsBased on a moderated mediation model, this study examined the integrative effects of POF, authentic leadership and work empowerment on PGI. The authors found that employees demonstrated a high level of PGI when they perceived themselves fit with the organization and when they were empowered in their work. While the direct effect of authentic leadership was non-significant, supportive, transparent and ethical leadership behavior significantly moderated the relationship between POF and PGI. Lastly, based on a bootstrap analysis, this study found that work empowerment partially mediated the relationship between POF and PGI.Originality/valueThis empirical study contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of HR, OB and career management. This study introduced a relatively less explored construct, PGI, using data from knowledge workers in South Korea. The authors integrated diverse research streams such as person–environment fit, leadership and engagement research. Lastly, this was the first study that investigated the effects of contextual factors on PGI in the workplace.
Stretching the public purse: budgetary responses to COVID-19 in Canada
Authors: Cho Charles H. , Kurpierz John 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper summarizes the emergency measures taken by Canada in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and discusses the key political, economic, and social factors that influenced the design of these measures.Design/methodology/approachThis paper collects the announcement of emergency measures in the Canadian provincial and federal governments between March 18 and May 30, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and categorizes them by type of emergency response.FindingsCanada has a diversified response of emergency measures mediated by its various provinces. This suggests that Canada may be more robust to biological and economic threats than nations that have less policy diversity.Originality/valueCanada's diversity of emergency measures allows for several different avenues for future research, including countercyclical spending by subnational polities, organizational diversity's effect on resilience, the effect of tax breaks versus direct or indirect payments, effectiveness of public-private partnerships, and the effect of transparency on citizen satisfaction.
Aircraft positioning using DGNSS technique for GPS and GLONASS data
Authors: Krasuski Kamil , Ćwiklak Janusz 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the problem of implementation of the differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS) differential technique for aircraft accuracy positioning. The paper particularly focuses on identification and an analysis of the accuracy of aircraft positioning for the DGNSS measuring technique.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigation uses the DGNSS method of positioning, which is based on using the model of single code differences for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations. In the research experiment, the authors used single-frequency code observations in the global positioning system (GPS)/global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) system from the on-board receiver Topcon HiperPro and the reference station REF1 (reference station for the airport military EPDE in Deblin in south-eastern Poland). The geodetic Topcon HiperPro receiver was installed in Cessna 172 plane in the aviation test. The paper presents the new methodology in the DGNSS solution in air navigation. The aircraft position was estimated using a “weighted mean” scheme for differential global positioning system and differential global navigation satellite system solution, respectively. The final resultant position of aircraft was compared with precise real-time kinematic – on the fly solution.

Findings
In the investigations it was specified that the average accuracy of positioning the aircraft Cessna 172 in the geocentric coordinates XYZ equals approximately: +0.03 ÷ +0.33 m along the x-axis, −0.02 ÷ +0.14 m along the y-axis and approximately +0.02 ÷ −0.15 m along the z-axis. Moreover, the root mean square errors determining the measure of the accuracy of positioning of the Cessna 172 for the DGNSS differential technique in the geocentric coordinates XYZ, are below 1.2 m.

Research limitations/implications
In research, the data from GNSS onboard receiver and also GNSS reference receiver are needed. In addition, the pseudo-range corrections from the base stations were applied in the observation model of the DGNSS solution.

Practical implications
The presented research method can be used in a ground based augmentation system (GBAS) augmentation system, whereas the GBAS system is still not applied in Polish aviation.

Social implications
The paper is destined for people who work in the area of aviation and air transport.

Originality/value
The study presents the DGNSS differential technique as a precise method for recovery of aircraft position in civil aviation and this method can be also used in the positioning of aircraft based on GPS and GLONASS code observations.
Heard it through the Grapevine
Authors: Anam Rumana Liza 
Published: September 2020

Purposes
This study paper aims to analyse a real life case based on Human Resource Management, specifically the concepts of the recruitment process and the grapevine.

Theoretical basis
The main topic is HRM related. Concepts introduced include recruitment process and grapevine.

Research methodology
The information for the case was attained from one-on-one interviews with the main case protagonist, Sabrina (name of all characters in the case and organisations have been changed as per request of the interviewee. However, all the happenings in the case are real).

Case overview/synopsis
This case deals with the tricky situation faced by Sabrina, an certain employee of an international development organisation, (an institution focussing on aiding development in economically underdeveloped countries), who finds herself in when she inadvertently comes across some negative information about a job candidate currently in the middle of the recruitment process, who, if successful, will become her colleague and work closely with her in future. It has taken months to find this candidate, and if hired should lighten Sabrina’s workload tremendously. The preliminary decision maker in the case is Sabrina, but the ultimate management decision will have to be made by her boss John Nash.

Complexity academic level
The case can be used at undergraduate and graduate level. The main topic is Human Resource Management (HRM) related. It is of preliminary level of difficulty. There are no specific prerequisites. Concepts introduced include recruitment process and grapevine.
Governance of tunnelling in developing countries: evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Tareq Mohammad , Nurul Houqe Muhammad , van Zijl Tony 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTunnelling (also known as self‐dealing transactions) is defined as non‐arm’s length transactions with related parties of controlling shareholders for their private benefit and at the cost of other shareholders. Tunnelling is a governance issue between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders in both developed and developing countries. However, most studies on tunnelling focus on developed countries with the few exceptions of studies on China, India and Mexico. Using Oliver Williamson’s Market and Hierarchy model, this paper analyses the suitability of the governance requirements on tunnelling in Bangladesh and reports on interviews with non‐independent directors, independent directors and audit committee members. The study thus identifies the limitations and factors that affect the implementation and effectiveness of the current governance requirements to constrain tunnelling in companies in Bangladesh.
Waste intimacies
Authors: BUTT WAQAS H. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn cities around the world, the removal of waste materials is a critical part of everyday life. Workers, both formal and informal, engage in intimate forms of labor that separate these materials from those who produce them. In Lahore, Pakistan, such waste intimacies are fraught by inequalities, which are discernible in affective, material, and spatial relations stretching across an uneven urban landscape. Waste work in urban Pakistan is a social relationship formed along the lines of caste, class, and religion; both municipal sanitation workers who are Christian and informal waste workers who are Muslim come from low‐ or noncaste backgrounds. Waste intimacies foreground those forms of work, relationships, and affects that, in distributing waste across individuals and social groups, reproduce a shared though unequal world. [waste, work, labor, intimacy, caste, Pakistan, South Asia]
Bradycardia‐to‐delivery interval and fetal outcomes in umbilical cord prolapse
Authors: Wong Lo , Tse Wing T. , Lai Chit Y. , Hui Annie S. Y. , Chaemsaithong Piya , Sahota Daljit S. , Poon Liona C. , Leung Tak Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionUmbilical cord prolapse is a major obstetric emergency associated with significant perinatal complications. However, there is no consensus on the optimal decision‐to‐delivery interval, as many previous studies have shown poor correlation between the interval and umbilical cord arterial blood gas or perinatal outcomes. We aim to investigate whether bradycardia‐to‐delivery or decision‐to‐delivery interval was related to poor cord arterial pH or adverse perinatal outcome in umbilical cord prolapse.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective study conducted at a university tertiary obstetric unit in Hong Kong. All women with singleton pregnancy complicated by cord prolapse during labor between 1995 and 2018 were included. Women were categorized into three groups. Group 1: persistent bradycardia; Group 2: any type of decelerations without bradycardia; and Group 3: normal fetal heart rate. The main outcome was cord arterial blood gas results of the newborns in different groups. Maternal demographic data and perinatal outcomes were reviewed. Correlation analysis between cord arterial blood gas result and time intervals including bradycardia‐to‐delivery, deceleration‐to‐delivery, and decision‐to‐delivery were performed for the different groups with Spearman test.ResultsThere were 34, 30, and 50 women in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Cord arterial pH and base excess did not correlate with decision‐to‐delivery interval in any of the groups, but they were inversely correlated with bradycardia‐to‐delivery interval in Group 1 (Spearman’sρ = −.349;P = .043 and Spearman'sρ = −.558;P = .001, respectively). The cord arterial pH drops at 0.009 per minute with bradycardia‐to‐delivery interval in Group 1 (95% CI 0.0180‐0.0003). The risk of significant acidosis (pH < 7) was 80% when bradycardia‐to‐delivery interval was >20 minutes, and 17.2% when the interval was <20 minutes.ConclusionsThere is significant correlation between bradycardia‐to‐delivery interval and cord arterial pH in umbilical cord prolapse with fetal bradycardia but not in cases with decelerations or normal heart rate. The drop of cord arterial pH is rapid and urgent delivery is essential in such situations.
Ethical issues surrounding controlled human infection challenge studies in endemic low‐and middle‐income countries
Authors: Jamrozik Euzebiusz , Selgelid Michael J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractControlled human infection challenge studies (CHIs) involve intentionally exposing research participants to, and/or thereby infecting them with, micro‐organisms. There have been increased calls for more CHIs to be conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) where many relevant diseases are endemic. This article is based on a research project that identified and analyzed ethical and regulatory issues related to endemic LMIC CHIs via (a) a review of relevant literature and (b) qualitative interviews involving 45 scientists and ethicists with relevant expertise. In this article we argue that though there is an especially strong case for conducting CHIs in endemic (LMIC) settings, certain ethical issues related to the design and conduct of such studies (in such settings) nonetheless warrant particularly careful attention. We focus on ethical implications of endemic LMIC CHIs regarding (a) potential direct benefits for participants, (b) risks to participants, (c) third‐party risks, (d) informed consent, (e) payment of participants, and (f) community engagement. We conclude that there is a strong ethical rationale to conduct (well‐designed) CHIs in endemic LMICs, that certain ethical issues warrant particularly careful consideration, and that ethical analyses of endemic LMIC CHIs can inform current debates in research ethics more broadly.
Measurement of long‐term iron absorption and loss during iron supplementation using a stable isotope of iron (57Fe)
Authors: Speich Cornelia , Wegmüller Rita , Brittenham Gary M. , Zeder Christophe , Cercamondi Colin I. , Buhl Daniela , Prentice Andrew M. , Zimmermann Michael B. , Moretti Diego 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWe report the first measurements of long‐term iron absorption and loss during iron supplementation in African children using a stable isotope of iron (57Fe). After uniform labelling of body iron with 57Fe, iron absorption is proportional to the rate of decrease in the 57Fe tracer concentration, while iron loss is proportional to the rate of decrease in the 57Fe tracer amount. Anaemic Gambian toddlers were given 2 mg 57Fe orally to equilibrate with total body iron over 8–11 months. After assignment to the positive control arm of the HIGH study, 22 toddlers consumed a micronutrient powder containing 12 mg iron for 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks without iron supplementation. Their daily iron absorption increased 3·8‐fold during the iron supplementation period compared to the control period [median (interquartile range, IQR): 1·00 (0·82; 1·28) mg/day vs. 0·26 (0·22; 0·35) mg/day; P = 0·001]. Unexpectedly, during the supplementation period, daily iron loss also increased by 3·4‐fold [0·75 (0·55; 0·87) mg/day vs. 0·22 (0·19; 0·29) mg/day; P = 0·005]. Consequently, most (~72%) of the absorbed iron was lost during supplementation. Long‐term studies of iron absorption and loss are a promising and accurate method for assessing and quantifying long‐term iron balance and may provide a reference method for evaluating iron intervention programs in vulnerable population groups. This study was registered as ISRCTN 0720906.