bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plants and mushrooms associated with animal poisoning incidents in South Africa
Authors: Moshobane Moleseng Claude , Bertero Alessia , Marks Carine , Stephen Cindy , Mothapo Natasha Palesa , Middleton Lorraine , Caloni Francesca 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThere is extensive literature on animal poisoning from plants and mushrooms worldwide; however, there is limited account of poisoning from South Africa.MethodsThis study sought to describe and provide an overview of animal poison exposures in South Africa. Poisoning episodes reported to the Poisons Information Helpline of the Western Cape, jointly run by the Poisons Information Centres at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and Tygerberg Hospital over a period of approximately 2.5 years, from June 2015 to November 2017, were analysed to identify exposure patterns, severity and clinical outcomes.ResultsAlien plant species accounted for most cases (n=10) of reported poison exposures. Among the 26 recorded animal poisoning episodes, the dog was the most commonly implicated species (n=24), whereas just two enquiries were related to other animals (one rabbit and one cow). There were 20 plant cases and 6 mushroom cases (all dogs). There was only one fatal case involving cycad in a dog.ConclusionFeatures of animal poisoning in South Africa were similar to those in other countries. The reported cases of animals exposed to poisonous plants and mushrooms could represent only a fraction of the actual exposures. Since most reported cases involved taxa that could not be identified to species level, more attention should be paid in case reporting and in animal poisoning prevention, engaging the public to enable people to recognise potentially hazardous plants and reduce the risk of poisoning in animals.
Protein consumption in Canadian habitual diets: usual intake, inadequacy, and the contribution of animal- and plant-based foods to nutrient intakes
Authors: Auclair Olivia , Burgos Sergio A. 
Published: November 2020

The 2019 Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) emphasizes consumption of plant protein with implications for protein adequacy and nutrient intakes, yet a baseline with which to compare future dietary trends that may result from its adoption is not available. The objectives were to assess usual protein intake, inadequacy, and the contribution of animal- and plant-based foods to intake of protein, nutrients, and energy in Canada. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey – Nutrition were used to assess dietary intake among adults (n = 13 616). The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual protein intake and inadequacy. Population ratios were used to determine the contribution of animal- and plant-based foods to intake of protein, nutrients, and energy. Usual protein intake averaged 79.47 ± 0.70 g/d; inadequacy was highest for females ≥71 y (9.76 ± 2.04%). Top protein contributors were red and processed meat (21.6 ± 0.55%), poultry and eggs (20.1 ± 0.81%), cereals, grains, and breads (19.5 ± 0.31%), and dairy (16.7 ± 0.38%). Dairy contributed most to calcium (53.4 ± 0.61%), vitamin D (38.7 ± 1.01%), but also saturated fat (40.6 ± 0.69%), whereas cereals, grains, and breads contributed most to iron (46.5 ± 0.57%) and vegetables and fruit to potassium (32 ± 0.45%). Given that animal sources contributed overwhelmingly to protein intake in 2015, dietary shifts towards plant protein needed to meet the 2019 CFG recommendations may pose a challenge, particularly for populations most at risk of inadequacy. Novelty: Older adults and females are most at risk of not meeting protein recommendations. Animal sources contribute two-thirds of the protein consumed by Canadian adults.
Charged particle motion around non-singular black holes in conformal gravity in the presence of external magnetic field
Authors: Narzilloev Bakhtiyor , Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Bambi Cosimo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider electromagnetic fields and charged particle dynamics around non-singular black holes in conformal gravity immersed in an external, asymptotically uniform magnetic field. First, we obtain analytic solutions of the electromagnetic field equation around rotating non-singular black holes in conformal gravity. We show that the radial components of the electric and magnetic fields increase with the increase of the parameters L and N of the black hole solution. Second, we study the dynamics of charged particles. We show that the increase of the values of the parameters L and N and of magnetic field causes a decrease in the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) and the magnetic coupling parameter can mimic the effect of conformal gravity giving the same ISCO radius up to $$\omega _{\mathrm{B}}\le 0.07$$

ω
B

≤
0.07

when $$N=3$$

N
=
3

.
Expression of T-Cell Exhaustion Molecules and Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Predictive Biomarkers for Response to Nivolumab in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ficial Miriam , Jegede Opeyemi A. , Sant'Angelo Miriam , Hou Yue , Flaifel Abdallah , Pignon Jean-Christophe , Braun David A. , Wind-Rotolo Megan , Sticco-Ivins Maura A. , Catalano Paul J. , Freeman Gordon J. , Sharpe Arlene H. , Hodi F. Stephen , Motzer Robert J. , Wu Catherine J. , Atkins Michael B. , McDermott David F. , Shukla Sachet A. , Choueiri Toni K. , Signoretti Sabina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
We sought to validate levels of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating cells (TIC) expressing PD-1 but not TIM-3 and LAG-3 (IF biomarker; Pignon and colleagues, 2019) and to investigate human endogenous retroviruses (hERV) as predictors of response to anti–PD-1 in a randomized trial of nivolumab (nivo) versus everolimus (evero) in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC; CheckMate-025).

Experimental Design:
Tumor tissues (nivo: n = 116, evero: n = 107) were analyzed by multiparametric immunofluorescence (IF) and qRT-PCR. Genomic/transcriptomic analyses were performed in a subset of samples. Clinical endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and durable response rate (DRR, defined as complete response or partial response with a PFS ≥ 12 months).

Results:
In the nivo (but not evero) arm, patients with high-IF biomarker density (24/116, 20.7%) had higher ORR (45.8% vs. 19.6%, P = 0.01) and DRR (33.3% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.03) and longer median PFS (9.6 vs. 3.7 months, P = 0.03) than patients with low-IF biomarker. By RNA sequencing, several inflammatory pathways (q &lt; 0.1) and immune-related gene signature scores (q &lt; 0.05) were enriched in the high-IF biomarker group. When combined with the IF biomarker, tumor cell (TC) PD-L1 expression (≥1%) further separated clinical outcomes in the nivo arm. ERVE-4 expression was associated with increased DRR and longer PFS in nivo-treated patients.

Conclusions:
High levels of CD8+ TIC expressing PD-1 but not TIM-3 and LAG-3 and ERVE-4 expression predicted response to nivo (but not to evero) in patients with mccRCC. Combination of the IF biomarker with TC PD-L1 improved its predictive value, confirming our previous findings.
A Phase I Trial of Talimogene Laherparepvec in Combination with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Nonmetastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Soliman Hatem , Hogue Deanna , Han Hyo , Mooney Blaise , Costa Ricardo , Lee Marie C. , Niell Bethany , Williams Angela , Chau Alec , Falcon Shannon , Khakpour Nazanin , Weinfurtner Robert J. , Hoover Susan , Kiluk John , Rosa Marilin , Khong Hung , Czerniecki Brian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) is an oncolytic herpes simplex 1 virus approved for treatment of melanoma. We hypothesized intratumoral TVEC may enhance response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This article reports the results of a trial combining NAC with TVEC for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with stage II–III TNBC enrolled in a 3+3 phase I trial (NCT02779855) of two TVEC dose levels [DL; DL 1 = 106 plaque-forming units (PFU) × 5 doses; DL 2 = 106 PFUs first dose, then 108 PFUs × 4 doses] on weeks 1, 4, 6, 8, and 10 plus weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) for 12 weeks, followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (60/600 mg/m2) every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Postoperative response assessment using residual cancer burden (RCB) was performed. Primary endpoints were safety and MTD. Secondary endpoints were RCB0 rate and immune correlates. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) rule was grade 3–5 adverse events due to TVEC during first 5 weeks.

Results:
Nine patients [DL 1 (n = 3); DL 2 (n = 6)] were enrolled. Six had stage II disease, and 3 had stage III (6 clinically N+). No DLTs occurred, and MTD was DL 2. Most common toxicities with TVEC were fever (n = 8), chills (n = 3), hematomas (n = 3), and injection site pain (n = 3). Thromboembolic events (n = 2) and bradycardia (n = 1) occurred during or after NAC. Five patients (55%) achieved RCB0, 2 had RCB1 (22%), and 2 had RCB2 (22%).

Conclusions:
The addition of TVEC to NAC was feasible at the approved dose, with manageable toxicity. The complete response rate was 55%.
Early Recanalization With Alteplase in Stroke Because of Large Vessel Occlusion in the ESCAPE Trial
Authors: Ospel Johanna M. , Singh Nishita , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Menon Bijoy K. , Butt Asif , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Silver Frank L. , Shah Ruchir , Dowlatshahi Dar , O’Hare Alan M. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D. ,   on behalf of the ESCAPE Trial Investigators
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose:
Quantitating the effect of intravenous alteplase on the technical outcome of early recanalization of large vessel occlusions aids understanding. We report the prevalence of early recanalization in patients with stroke because of large vessel occlusion treated with and without intravenous alteplase and endovascular thrombectomy, and its association with clinical outcome.

Methods:
Patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion from the ESCAPE trial (Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times Trial) were included in this post hoc analysis. Outcomes of interest were the prevalence of early recanalization (1) and good outcome (2), defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 90 days.

Results:
Among 147 patients who did not receive endovascular thrombectomy, early recanalization occurred in 4/30 (13.3%) patients without and 48/117 (41.0%) patients with intravenous alteplase (adjusted risk ratios, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.2–8.1]). Good outcome was achieved by 34/116 (29.3%) of patients who received intravenous alteplase versus 10/29 (34.5%) who did not receive alteplase (adjusted risk ratios, 1.0 [95% CI, 0.6–1.5) and by 20/52 (38.5%) patients with versus 24/93 (25.8%) without early recanalization (adjusted risk ratios, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.2–2.9]).

Conclusions:
Early recanalization was confirmed as a strong predictor of good outcome in patients who did not undergo endovascular thrombectomy and was improved with intravenous alteplase, yet a majority of patients (59.0%) did not achieve early reperfusion.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01778335.
The Role of the Right Hemisphere in Processing Phonetic Variability Between Talkers
Authors: Luthra Sahil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Neurobiological models of speech perception posit that both left and right posterior temporal brain regions are involved in the early auditory analysis of speech sounds. However, frank deficits in speech perception are not readily observed in individuals with right hemisphere damage. Instead, damage to the right hemisphere is often associated with impairments in vocal identity processing. Herein lies an apparent paradox: The mapping between acoustics and speech sound categories can vary substantially across talkers, so why might right hemisphere damage selectively impair vocal identity processing without obvious effects on speech perception? In this review, I attempt to clarify the role of the right hemisphere in speech perception through a careful consideration of its role in processing vocal identity. I review evidence showing that right posterior superior temporal, right anterior superior temporal, and right inferior / middle frontal regions all play distinct roles in vocal identity processing. In considering the implications of these findings for neurobiological accounts of speech perception, I argue that the recruitment of right posterior superior temporal cortex during speech perception may specifically reflect the process of conditioning phonetic identity on talker information. I suggest that the relative lack of involvement of other right hemisphere regions in speech perception may be because speech perception does not necessarily place a high burden on talker processing systems, and I argue that the extant literature hints at potential subclinical impairments in the speech perception abilities of individuals with right hemisphere damage.
The Sleeping Subject: On the Use and Abuse of Imagination in Hobbes’s Leviathan
Authors: Schwartz Avshalom M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper offers a novel interpretation of the political implications of Hobbes’s theory of imagination and his solution to the threat posed by the imagination to political stability. While recent work has correctly identified the problem the imagination poses for Hobbes, it has underestimated the severity of the problem and, accordingly, has underestimated the length to which the Hobbesian sovereign will have to go in order to solve it. By reconstructing Hobbes’s account of sleep and the operation of the imagination during sleep, this paper argues that the Hobbesian sovereign who seeks to solve the problem of the imagination must maintain his subjects in a ‘state of sleep,’ by preventing any kind of new inputs from disturbing their imagination. This solution suggests that the citizens of the Leviathan state are not sleeping sovereigns, but rather sleeping subjects.
Hobbes’s Strategy of Convergence
Authors: McQueen Alison 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In his political works, Thomas Hobbes proliferates arguments and overdetermines his conclusions. This article hypothesizes that at least some of this overdetermination was intentional. It was part of a “convergent strategy” meant to appeal to a broad, diverse, and unknown audience. The article draws on Leviathan to offer evidence for this hypothesis.
A Taste of Georgia. Far Right Populism with a Unique Georgian Flavour
Authors: Cole Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Georgia has proved no exception to recent political trends, which have seen the increased prominence and influence of far right populist parties and movements purporting to represent ‘the people’ in an antagonistic struggle against the ‘elites’ or ‘enemies’. However, while considerable academic attention has been devoted to cases in Central and Western Europe (CWE), studies of Georgian far right populism are less common. This paper examines the political styles of two Georgian far right actors, the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (APG) and Georgian March (GM). I argue that the populist discursive frames both employ demonstrate enough commonalities with their CWE counterparts to consider them members of the far right populist ‘family’. However, the prevalence of populist politics, highly influential role of ‘traditional values’ promoted by the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), and Russian influence, are three important factors which produce a uniquely Georgian ‘flavour’ to far right populist movements in Georgia.
Using the Past in Populist Communicational Strategies
Authors: Chiruta Ionut Valentin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article investigates how political strategies interrelate populist rhetoric with memory issues. By looking at the case of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) from Romania, between 2017–2019, this article reveals how the slide to populism, generated by cyclical confrontations with the rule of law institutions, steered the psd to adopt conspirational beliefs and appeal to traumatic memories to frame the judiciary as the new Securitate. Through the use of discourse analysis and virtual ethnography, this article analyses party resolutions and political rallies. This article explains how the populist rhetoric created a new hegemonic narrative of the judiciary, by intersecting its values and symbolism with the memory of the former Securitate from the Communist period.
All the World Is a Nail: Why Are Surgeons Resistant to Learn How to Place Cholecystostomy Drains in Seriously Ill Patients With Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis?
Authors: Requarth Jay 
Published: November 2020

Surgeons routinely provide palliative care, but often the technical procedure needed for the palliative intervention is beyond our training and comfort zone. This case is an example of surgical palliative care that utilizes image-guided techniques to provide optimal care. A frail elderly patient with multiple comorbidities who had been hospitalized for other diseases was diagnosed with acute acalculous cholecystitis. General surgery and gastroenterology were initially consulted, and the patient was referred to interventional radiology for a percutaneous cholecystostomy. The procedure was technically successful, and the patient’s clinical status improved. A few days later, a follow-up cholecystogram showed a decompressed gallbladder, patent cystic duct, a common bile duct free of stones, and dilute contrast in the duodenum. After 2 weeks, the fistula tract was interrogated and found to be intact. The cholecystostomy tube was removed without incident. This case is presented as a call to action for surgeons to learn the skills required to place percutaneous cholecystostomies themselves and to add it to their surgical armamentarium.
A case of hypokalemia-induced bidirectional ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Xie Yanan , Han Jingzhe , Liu Jinming , Hao Jie , Zu Xiuguang , Hao Yuming 
Published: November 2020

Background Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BVT) is a rare, but serious, arrhythmia. Hypokalemia is commonly found in clinical practice, but hypokalemia-induced BVT has rarely been reported. Case presentation A 74-year-old male patient with the symptoms of chest distress and palpitations was admitted owing to frequent discharge of his implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for 4 days. Before admission, the patient experienced diarrhea after intake of crabs, and felt frequent discharge of his ICD with a total of approximately 17 discharges in 4 days. He had no history of digitalis use. The serum potassium level after admission was 3.1 mmol/L and an electrocardiogram was consistent with BVT. The diagnosis was ventricular tachycardia, electrical storm, and hypokalemia. His ventricular tachycardia was completely relieved after correction of hypokalemia. Conclusions After correction of hypokalemia in this patient, the episode of BVT was terminated and no recurrence of BVT was observed during long-term follow-up. Our findings suggest the diagnosis of hypokalemia-induced BVT.
Dynamic changes in computed tomography manifestations of 105 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China
Authors: Pan Yueying , Xia Liming , Wang Yujin , Guan Hanxiong 
Published: November 2020

Objective To observe the evolution of chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) manifestations in 105 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods One hundred five patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled from 11 January to 9 February 2020. Sequential chest HRCT examinations were performed. Five stages were identified from the onset of initial symptoms: 0–3, 4–7, 8–14, 15–21, and >21 days (Stages A–E, respectively). A semi-quantitative CT scoring system was used to estimate the sum of lung abnormalities in each stage. Results In total, 393 CT scans were collected. The patients underwent 3.8 ± 1.5 CT examinations. Multiple lobes were involved in most cases. The proportion of consolidation and the total CT score gradually increased from Stage A to C and gradually decreased from Stage C to E. The total CT score of lung involvement was significantly higher in Stage C than in Stages B and D. The CT score of the lower lobe was significantly higher than the corresponding upper and middle lobes in Stages A to D. Conclusions Most patients with COVID-19 had a disease course of >14 days, and the lung lesions in most patients improved after 14 days since initial symptom onset.
The Effect of Body Mass Index and Weight-Adjusted Fluid Dosing on Mortality in Sepsis
Authors: Ward Michael A. , Kuttab Hani I. , Lykins V Joseph D. , Wroblewski Kristen , Hughes Michelle D. , Keast Eric P. , Kopec Jason A. , Rourke Erron M. , Purakal John 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend 30 mL/kg of fluids within 3 hours (30by3) of sepsis-induced hypoperfusion, but a national mandate released an allowance for dosing based on ideal instead of actual body weight (IBW/ABW) for obese patients. This study aims to determine the dose-effect of 30by3 for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock (SS/SS) with respect to body mass index (BMI) categories and secondarily, examine the clinical impact of IBW vs. ABW-based dosing. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adults (≥18 years; n = 1,032) with SS/SS presenting to an urban, tertiary-care emergency department. Models include MEDS score, antibiotic timing, lactate, renal and heart failure, among others. Results: The cohort was 10.2% underweight and 28.7% obese. Overall mortality was 17.1% with 20.4% shock mortality. An exponential increase in mortality was observed for each 5 mL/kg under 30by3 for underweight ( p = 0.02), but not obese patients. ABW vs IBW-30by3 dosing was reached in 80.0 vs 52.4% (underweight), 56.4 vs 56.9% (normal/overweight), and 23.3 vs 46.0% (obese). Across all BMI categories, there was increased mortality for not reaching ABW-based 30by3 dosing (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.18-2.69) with no significant impact for IBW (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.87 -1.91). The increased mortality for failing to reach ABW-dosed 30by3 remained for underweight patients ABW (OR 5.82, 95% CI 1.32-25.57) but not obese patients. Longer ICU stays were observed for not reaching 30by3 based on ABW (β = 2.40, 95% CI 0.84-3.95) and IBW dosing (β = 1.58, 95% CI 0.07-3.08) overall. This effect remained for obese and underweight (except IBW dosing) patients. Conclusions: An exponential, dose-effect increase in mortality was observed for underweight patients not receiving 30by3. Therefore, the mortality impact of under-dosing may be amplified using ABW for underweight patients. Fluid dosing did not impact mortality for obese patients, but we caution against deviation from guidelines without further studies.