bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of the Hemoglobin Glycation Index on the Diagnosis of Prediabetes and Diabetes
Authors: Hsia Daniel S , Rasouli Neda , Pittas Anastassios G , Lary Christine W , Peters Anne , Lewis Michael R , Kashyap Sangeeta R , Johnson Karen C , LeBlanc Erin S , Phillips Lawrence S , Hempe James M , Desouza Cyrus V ,   D2d Research Group, Pittas Anastassios G , Brodsky Irwin , Ceglia Lisa , Chadha Chhavi , Chatterjee Ranee , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Desouza Cyrus , Dolor Rowena , Foreyt John , Ghazi Adline , Hsia Daniel S , Johnson Karen C , Kashyap Sangeeta R , Kim Sun , LeBlanc Erin S , Lewis Michael R , Liao Emilia , Malozowski Saul , Neff Lisa M , O’Neil Patrick , Park Jean , Peters Anne , Phillips Lawrence S , Pratley Richard , Raskin Philip , Rasouli Neda , Robbins David , Rosen Clifford , Aroda Vanita R , Sheehan Patricia , Staten Myrlene A , Knowler William C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) can lead to different results when diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes. The Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HGI) quantifies the interindividual variation in glycation resulting in discrepancies between FPG and HbA1c. We used data from the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) study to calculate HGI, to identify HGI-associated variables, and to determine how HGI affects prediabetes and diabetes diagnosis.

Measurements
A linear regression equation [HbA1c (%) = 0.0164 × FPG (mg/dL) + 4.2] was derived using the screening cohort (n = 6829) and applied to calculate predicted HbA1c. This was subtracted from the observed HbA1c to determine HGI in the baseline cohort with 2hPG data (n = 3945). Baseline variables plus prediabetes and diabetes diagnosis by FPG, HbA1c, and 2hPG were compared among low, moderate, and high HGI subgroups.

Results
The proportion of women and Black/African American individuals increased from low to high HGI subgroups. Mean FPG decreased and mean HbA1c increased from low to high HGI subgroups, consistent with the HGI calculation; however, mean 2hPG was not significantly different among HGI subgroups.

Conclusions
High HGI was associated with Black race and female sex as reported previously. The observation that 2hPG was not different across HGI subgroups suggests that variation in postprandial glucose is not a significant source of population variation in HGI. Exclusive use of HbA1c for diagnosis will classify more Black individuals and women as having prediabetes compared with using FPG or 2hPG.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of tooth development, homeostasis and repair
Authors: Yu Tingsheng , Klein Ophir D. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The tooth provides an excellent system for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of organogenesis, and has thus been of longstanding interest to developmental and stem cell biologists studying embryonic morphogenesis and adult tissue renewal. In recent years, analyses of molecular signaling networks, together with new insights into cellular heterogeneity, have greatly improved our knowledge of the dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that take place during tooth development and homeostasis. Here, we review recent progress in the field of mammalian tooth morphogenesis and also discuss the mechanisms regulating stem cell-based dental tissue homeostasis, regeneration and repair. These exciting findings help to lay a foundation that will ultimately enable the application of fundamental research discoveries toward therapies to improve oral health.
Cardiorespiratory Response during the 1-min Sit-to-Stand Test in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: GEPHINE SARAH , BERGERON SABRINA , TREMBLAY LABRECQUE PIERRE-FRANÇOIS , MUCCI PATRICK , SAEY DIDIER , MALTAIS FRANÇOIS 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the cardiorespiratory response during a 1-min sit-to-stand test (1STS) in comparison with cycling cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in healthy subjects and to evaluate whether 1STS may induce leg fatigue in these individuals.

Methods
Fourteen people with severe COPD and 12 healthy subjects performed a 1STS and a CPET during which cardiorespiratory response, perception of dyspnea, and leg fatigue were assessed. Quadriceps strength was assessed before and after 1STS, and contractile fatigue was defined as a postexercise fall in quadriceps twitch force greater than 15% of resting values.

Results
In COPD, peak V˙O2, V˙E, and HR achieved during 1STS reached 113%, 103%, and 93% of the corresponding values during CPET, respectively. Decrease in SpO2 from preexercise to peak exercise and the magnitude of dynamic hyperinflation were similar between 1STS and CPET. Borg dyspnea and leg fatigue scores were higher for CPET than 1STS. In healthy subjects, peak cardiorespiratory demand and symptom scores were higher during CPET compared with 1STS. A V˙O2 overshoot during recovery was observed only in people with COPD. After 1STS, the V˙O2 half-time recovery of COPD was 152 ± 25 s compared with 74 ± 18 in healthy subjects (P < 0.01). Ten people with COPD and five healthy subjects were considered as fatiguers.

Conclusion
The 1STS induced a similar cardiorespiratory stress to that of CPET and was associated with contractile quadriceps fatigue in people with severe COPD. The V˙O2 overshoot and slower recovery time of cardiorespiratory variables seen in COPD demonstrate the clinical relevance of monitoring the recovery phase of exercise.
Timing of Vaccination after Training: Immune Response and Side Effects in Athletes
Authors: STENGER TANJA , LEDO ALEXANDRA , ZILLER CLEMENS , SCHUB DAVID , SCHMIDT TINA , ENDERS MARTIN , GÄRTNER BARBARA C. , SESTER MARTINA , MEYER TIM 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Influenza vaccination was used to assess whether induction of immunity or side effects are influenced by the timing of the last training session before vaccination.

Methods
Forty-five healthy athletes (36 male, 23 ± 8 yr, ≥5 training sessions per week, predominantly national competition level) were vaccinated with the tetravalent influenza vaccine; blood samples were collected immediately before and 1, 2, and 26 wk after vaccination. Athletes were randomly assigned to vaccination within 2 h after the last training session versus after 24–26 h. Influenza-specific T cells were quantified after stimulation with the vaccine based on intracellular cytokine staining. Antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay. Participants documented resulting side effects and training restrictions using a standardized diary.

Results
Both groups showed an increase in influenza-reactive CD4 T-cell levels, which peaked 1 wk after vaccination (fold changes to baseline; median (interquartile range), 3.7 (3.0–5.4; P < 0.001) in the 2-h group; 4.6 (2.8–7.4; P < 0.001) in the 26-h group) with no difference between groups (P = 0.52). Influenza-specific antibodies showed a significant increase after vaccination in both groups (at least 1.4-fold, each P < 0.001, no group differences; P = 0.24–0.97 for different antibody types). Only antibodies toward the Brisbane strain showed a trend toward significant differences in neutralization titers between groups (4-fold (2–17.8) in the 2-h group, 16-fold (4–32.9) in the 26-h group; P = 0.06), whereas other specificities did not differ (P = 0.16–0.72). No intergroup differences were found for side effects; no athlete reported a loss of training time due to the vaccination or its side effects.

Conclusion
Infection prophylaxis in elite athletes by influenza vaccination seems to be effective and safe. Timing of vaccination after prior training does not seem to require specific constraints.
Nonexercise Equations for Determining Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: DE LANNOY LOUISE , ROSS ROBERT 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether change in estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) is associated with change in measured cardiorespiratory fitness (mCRF) independent of exercise amount and intensity over 24 wk.

Methods
Participants were 163 sedentary adults with abdominal obesity (mean ± SD waist circumference, 109.9 ± 11.5 cm) randomly assigned to (i) no-exercise control (n = 42); (ii) low-amount, low-intensity exercise (LALI; n = 39); (iii) high-amount, low-intensity exercise (HALI; n = 51); and (iv) high-amount, high-intensity exercise (HAHI; n = 31). mCRF was measured using a maximal treadmill test at baseline, 8, 16, and 24 wk. eCRF was calculated using a published nonexercise equation with the following variables: sex, age, waist circumference, resting heart rate, and self-selected physical activity.

Results
Participants attended 115 of 120 exercise sessions prescribed (96.0% ± 4.0% adherence). eCRF change from baseline to 8, 16, and 24 wk was not different from mCRF change for control, LALI, or HALI (P = 0.03). In HAHI, eCRF change was significantly greater than mCRF change at all time points (P < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that change in eCRF systematically overestimated and underestimated small and large changes in mCRF, respectively, in all groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
eCRF change was associated with mCRF change at 24 wk independent of exercise amount but not intensity. Systematic variation between eCRF and mCRF highlights a possible limitation when using eCRF to follow change in mCRF, specifically that eCRF does not capture the individual variability of the mCRF response.
Utility of the DIVA score for experienced emergency department technicians
Authors: Shaukat Haroon , Neway Beemnet , Breslin Kristen , Watson Ar’Reon , Poe Kelly , Boniface Keith , Cohen Joanna S. 
Published: January 2020

Background: The DIVA score is validated for predicting success of the initial attempt at peripheral intravenous insertion by nurses and physicians. A score of 4 or greater is 50% to 60% likely to have a failed first attempt. The study objective was to assess the validity of this score for emergency department technicians. Methods: This study used a prospective convenience sample of 181 children presenting to the emergency department with intravenous access attempt by one of 29 emergency department technicians. DIVA score, total number of attempts, and median time to successful intravenous cannulation were obtained. Results: Comparing patients with a DIVA score <4 to ≥4, first-time IV placement failure rates were lower (9% [95% CI, 3–24] vs. 41% [95% CI, 33–49]) and median time to IV placement was shorter (75 [interquartile range (IQR) 42–157] vs. 254 [IQR 91–806]) seconds. In patients with scores ≥4, emergency department technicians with ≥5 years of experience were significantly more likely to be successful on the first attempt (OR 2.8; 95% CI, 1.03–7.63). For every year of technician experience, the time to catheter placement, adjusted for DIVA score, decreased by 25 minutes (P≤0.05, R2=0.05). Comparing our receiver operating curve to the derivation study, the areas were similar (0.67 vs. 0.65). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the DIVA score when applied to IVs placed by emergency department technicians. For patients with high DIVA scores, ≥5 years of IV experience was associated with higher odds of successful first-time IV placement and shorter time to placement. HIGHLIGHTS The difficult intravenous access (DIVA) score may be generalizable to IVs placed by experienced emergency department technicians (EDTs) Higher odds of first-time success in difficult patients with ≥5 years EDT experience Early identification of difficult access may allow for aid of alternative technology Likely first study to evaluate EDTs IV skills in patients with varying DIVA scores
Denture Adhesives – Best Practice
Authors: Jagger Robert , King Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

Looseness of dentures is a common complaint and can cause patients embarrassment and distress. Looseness is often associated with ill-fitting dentures, but some patients with technically excellent dentures may complain of looseness as a result of, for example, severely resorbed alveolar ridges, lack of saliva or poor adaptive ability. Recommendations for effective use of denture adhesive that can be given to patients by the dental team are provided.CPD/Clinical Relevance: The dental team needs to explain effective approaches to the use of denture adhesives to patients. Written information can help to reinforce best practice.
Glandular Odontogenic Cyst – a Case Report
Authors: Shaadi Manouchehri , Ali Amini 
Published: January 2020

Abstract: A Glandular Odontogenic Cyst (GOC) is a rare developmental cyst of odontogenic origin. Occurrence rate is low, with less than 150 cases reported in the literature thus far. 1 GOCs can be misdiagnosed due to clinicopathological similarities to other odontogenic cysts, including those of a benign and malignant nature. A wide range of ages can be affected, with a mean age of 45.7. 2 The most commonly affected site appears to be the anterior mandible. An unusual presentation of a GOC affecting the right posterior mandible of a 42-year-old male is reported. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the importance of appropriate special investigations for a glandular odontogenic keratocyst and treatment modalities.
Dilemma in closing the bite: a case of orthognathic surgery
Authors: Mehta Siddharth , Kamath Abhay T , Kudva Adarsh , Srikanth G , Urala Arun 
Published: January 2020

This case report demonstrates treatment of an open bite case with a history of trauma to the maxillary anterior region in childhood. A 20-year-old adult male presented with a convex profile and significant anterior bite and unilateral posterior crossbite. Surgical bite correction was planned but posed a dilemma in the choice of surgery. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To demonstrate the outcome of a case of skeletal anterior open bite treated with orthognathic surgery.
A recurrent case of pituicytoma 16 years later
Authors: McNamara KJ , Shaw S , Saravanappa N 
Published: January 2020

Background Pituicytoma is a rare; slow-growing primary tumour originating from the glial cells of the neurohypophysis. It was classed as a low-grade (grade I) central nervous system tumour by the World Health Organization in 2007. We present the case of a 71-year-old man with a previous history of sellar meningioma who underwent surgical resection of pituicytoma by transphenoidal hypophysectomy. Method We conducted a literature search using Medline EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using the Ovid search engines. Key words searched were ‘pituitary gland’, ‘pituicytoma’, ‘neurohypophysis’. Patient records and imaging were obtained from the Royal Stoke University Hospital database. Results A 71-year-old man with a background of sellar meningioma 16 years previously was found to have a pituitary fossa tumour on surveillance magnetic resonance imaging. Differential diagnosis was pituitary adenoma. Endoscopic transphenoidal hypophysectomy was performed. Histology was consistent with pituicytoma. As a result of this histology from his initial tumour was re-examined and was amended to pituicytoma, indicating a recurrence. Conclusion Pituicytoma is a benign, slow growing lesion of the posterior pituitary. Brat et al diagnosed it as a distinct entity in 2000 and it was listed as a World Health Organization classification grade I tumour in 2007. It can be mistaken for pituitary adenoma owing to its similar clinical presentation. Complete excision of the tumour by transphenoidal hypophysectomy is an effective management for pituicytoma as demonstrated in this case.
Knowledge mobilisation in public service reform: integrating empirical, technical and practical wisdom
Authors: Bynner Claire , Terje Anna 
Published: January 2020

Background
Public service practitioners on all levels aim to solve increasingly complex policy problems by making use of different forms of evidence. While there are many complex models of knowledge mobilisation, not enough attention is paid to the types of knowledge that are mobilised for public service reform. Ward (2017) has returned to Aristotle’s knowledge types; empirical, technical and practice wisdom, to address this gap.

Aims and objectives
This paper applies the theoretical work of Ward (2017) and Flyvbjerg (2001) to the everyday work and practice of frontline public service providers with the aim of identifying core elements of knowledge mobilisation in the practice of public service reform in the context of local governance.

Methods
The data is from a case study of a Scottish local authority conducted as part of the What Works Scotland research programme. The paper derives insights from 16 qualitative interviews with service providers in housing, waste management, policing and greenspace services, and 12 observations, analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings
The findings suggest that empirical or technical knowledge is not sufficient on its own for sustainable solutions to localised policy problems. The practice wisdom of service providers, balancing ethical concerns with diverse perspectives, is a form of knowledge that is not fully valued or recognised in public service reform.

Discussion and conclusions
Future research should aim to understand how the integration of empirical, technical and practice knowledge might be achieved through more co-productive relationships between researchers, knowledge mobilisers and service providers.
Si3N4-chip-based versatile photonic RF waveform generator with a wide tuning range of repetition rate
Authors: Zhu Zihang , Liu Yang , Merklein Moritz , Zhang Ziqian , Marpaung David , Eggleton Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, we demonstrate a

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-chip-based photonic approach to generate versatile radio frequency (RF) waveforms with a large tuning range of repetition rates. The amplitude and phase of the RF-phase-modulated signal are spectrally manipulated to synthesize Fourier coefficients of the desired RF waveforms by controlling the resonance conditions and frequencies of

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optical ring resonators. Full-duty-cycle triangular, square, and sawtooth waveforms with widely tunable repetition rates from 1 to 13 GHz were experimentally generated.
Impact of laser flicker noise and linewidth on 64 to 96  Gbaud/DP-nQAM metro coherent optical links
Authors: Zhang Rui , Kuzmin Konstantin , Jiang Wen-Jr , Giaretta Giorgio , Tomimoto Tadatoshi , Weng Yi , Chang Gee-Kung , Way Winston 
Published: January 2020

We experimentally investigate the impact of laser flicker noise and linewidth on 64 Gbaud/DP-64QAM, 96 Gbaud/DP-32QAM and 64 or 96 Gbaud/DP-16QAM links. To give a more practical viewpoint, the examined flicker noise closely follows that of an industry forum (OIF 400ZR). We have found that higher modulation order (e.g., 64QAM) is sensitive to phase noise from the linewidth and flicker noise, even in the back to back case. Significant optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and cycle slip rate penalties can also be observed with a transmission distance

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for both 64QAM and 32QAM signals, which mainly comes from equalization-enhanced phase noise. Moreover, with the increasing of transmission distances, the effective linewidth of a tunable laser with a higher flicker noise and higher linewidth (210 KHz) increases significantly, while it remains unchanged for an external cavity laser (ECL) with 47-kHz linewidth. The result indicates the importance of more stringent flicker noise and linewidth requirement for future ultrabaud rate transmissions.
A cobertura da morte de figuras públicas desportivas
Authors: Martins Joana Margarida 
Published: January 2020

Morte e notoriedade são dois valores-notícia relevantes para os meios de comunicação social. É por isso que o falecimento de personalidades ligadas aos setores da vida pública, particularmente do desporto, assume grande importância em termos de cobertura mediática.
Partindo do estudo da cobertura da morte de cinco personalidade do mundo desportivo em três jornais diários – Correio da Manhã, Diário de Notícias e Jornal de Notícias – chegámos a conclusões que mostram diferentes destaques e diversos posicionamentos editoriais na cobertura que cada jornal fez do falecimento de cada personalidade. Além disso, concluímos ainda que o período temporal que separa as mortes de Fernando Pascoal Neves “Pavão”, Joaquim Agostinho, Vítor Baptista, José Megre e Eusébio da Silva Ferreira (falecidos entre 1973 e 2014) nos remete para novas formas de espetacularização da morte e prevalência dos factos paralelos ao próprio acontecimento, como sinal do aumento das pressões de mercado e da adoção de novas estratégias, mais próximas do espetáculo do que da informação.
Lung ultrasound in diagnosing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ferdian Hanum , Wahid Dian Ibnu , Samad Samad , Wardani Anggun Esti , Alam Guntur Surya , Moelyo Annang Giri 
Published: January 2020

Background Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is commonly diagnosed by clinical sign and symptoms, blood gas analysis, and chest x-ray. In the past, lung ultrasound (LUS) was not standard for NRDS examination. Many studies show that ultrasound diagnostic tool for NRDS is accurate, reliable, low cost, easy to use, and safe because due to no ionizing radiation.
Objective To determine the sensitivity and specificity of LUS in diagnosing NRDS.
Methods This meta-analysis study was conducted LUS as a diagnostic tool for NRDS. Inclusion criteria were all studies from PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library, without any limitation on published journals, as well as using keywords or search terms of ultrasound, neonatal, and respiratory distress syndrome. Statistical analysis was undertaken using MedCalc® version 18.2 software.
Results Seven studies with a total of 580 patients met the inclusion criteria. Proportional meta-analysis obtained random effects models, with total sensitivity of LUS was 97.2% (95% CI for I2 74.24 to 92.88; P<0.0001) and specificity of LUS was 94.8% (95% CI for I2 88.60 to 98.03; P<0.00001).
Conclusion Lung ultrasound should be considered as a diagnostic tool for NRDS because it is high in sensitivity and specificity, inexpensive, safe, as well as limited radiation exposure.