bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of high-pressure torsion and subsequent aging on the structure, microhardness, and electrical conductivity of Cu-7% Cr and Cu-10% Fe alloys
Authors: Martynenko N S , Straumal P B , Bochvar N R , Aksenov D A , Raab G I , Dobatkin S V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The structure, microhardness, and electrical conductivity of Cu-7% Cr and Cu-10% Fe alloys are studied after high-pressure torsion (HPT) and subsequent aging. It is shown that the grain refinenment after the HPT to 230 ± 12 nm and 275 ± 11 nm for Cu-7%Cr and Cu-10%Fe alloys, respectively, leads to a significant increase in their microhardness. Additional aging leads to a simultaneous increase in the microhardness and electrical conductivity of hardened alloys. At the same time, heating both alloys after HPT improves their electrical conductivity, but negatively affects their microhardness due to an increase in the average grain size to 357 ± 23 nm and 411 ± 46 nm for Cu-7%Cr and Cu-10%Fe alloys, respectively. The best combination of microhardness and electrical conductivity was obtained for the Cu-7%Cr alloy after quenching and aging and is 1.66 ± 0.06 GPa and 76.6 ± 1.6 %IACS, respectively.
Behavior of magnetization in high magnetic fields of (Sm,Ho)2Fe17N2.4 powders obtained by mechanical grinding
Authors: Tereshina I , Ivanov L , Veselova S , Verbetsky V , Gorbunov D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fundamental magnetic properties of the R2Fe17 compounds are highly sensitive to the atomic substitutions and interstitial absorption of light elements (nitrogen or hydrogen). In our work, both were combined, and the influence of the substitutions in the R-sublattice and nitrogen absorption on the magnetization behavior of Sm2Fe17 compound in magnetic fields up to 58 T was studied. (Sm,Ho)2Fe17N2.4 nitride was prepared. Magnetisation measurements were carried out on powder samples. Nanopowders of (Sm,Ho)2Fe17N2.4 were obtained by mechanical grinding. The grinding time was varied from 0 to 60 minutes. The strength of the inter-sublattice coupling in all samples is estimated by analyzing high-field magnetization data. In our work is shown that nitrogenation weakens the inter-sublattice exchange interaction in the compounds up to 45 - 50 %. Grinding time and, as a consequence, particle size affects the inter-sublattice exchange interaction. To achieve a ferromagnetic state, fields are needed well in excess of 58 T.
Development of methods for determination of impurity elements in zircon-alumo-ytterbium ceramic materials for medical purpose
Authors: Volchenkova V A , Kazenas E K , Andreeva N A , Fomina A A , Ovchinnikova O A , Penkina T N , Rodionova S K , Smirnova V B , Podzorova L I , Il’icheva A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Determining the presence of impurities, carcinogenic and harmful elements in the synthesized materials is a necessary step to identify the field of application, especially for medicine. Methods have been developed for the atomic emission with inductively coupled plasma (AES-ICP) for simultaneous quantifying of impurities contents: Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, Y, Yb, Hf, V, Zn in new zircon-alumo-ytterbium ceramic materials for medical use. Various schemes for dissolving samples were offered for different types of ceramic compounds. Elements were determinate with founded optimal analytical parameters. The influence and methods elimination of matrix elements (Zr, Al, Yb) were studied. It allowed to determine elements with good metrological characteristics in a wide range of concentration from 1·10-3 to n·10% without preliminary separation of the matrix and without using solid standard samples. The relative standard deviation (Sr) does not exceed 0.12.
Multi-surface phase demodulation based on the selective weighted multi-step algorithms
Authors: Chang Lin , Yu Yingjie , Zheng Weiwei , Xu Qulei , Wang Chen , Sun Tao , Liu Tingtui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The transparent parallel plate plays a practical role in the optical system. The accurate measurement of its surface topography is a great importance of quantifying and evaluating the performance of the transparent plate. Based on the phase shifting interferometry, a measurement method using triple iteration and selective phase demodulation algorithms is presented, which can realize multi-surface interferometry at arbitrary positions. Through the design of the three-dimensional data matrix used to store errors, its element pixels can be read out a wealth of key parameter information, thus guiding the design of the algorithm, realizing the unity of the actual use of the algorithm and the measurement scheme, achieving the multi-surface interference measurement with the minimum residual errors with arbitrary cavity length, and expanding the limitations of the traditional weighted multi-step algorithm.
The Origin Analysis of “reversal foreset” of Late Carboniferous MKT Formation in Central Block of Pre-caspian Basin
Authors: Liang Hong , Hansong Dai , Xi Zheng , Bin Zhang , Yajun Zhang , Guobin Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The configuration of “reversal foreset”, which is a common geologic sedimentary phenomenon in seismic exploration, has been fully understood on its mechanism. In central block of pre-caspian Basin, a series of NE “reversal foreset” configurations were found. This kind of reflection is completely opposite to the paleogeomorphology which is high in the west and low in the east. It is difficult to clarify the origin mechanism of the “reversal foreset” configuration without sufficient data and understanding of regional tectonic evolution. Interpretations provided by previous studies did not reach a consensus understanding of the tectonic and sedimentary structures in the area. In this paper, based on well and regional data, the previous interpretations are analyzed, and the idea is put forward that the “reversal foreset” configuration represents superimposed retrogradation bodies developed in the process of rapid water flooding, and its formation is controlled by three factors -- “weak supply of single source”, “rapid transgression (weak source supply)” and “low and gentle depositional slope”. This recognition helps understanding the sedimentary evolution characteristics of the Late Carboniferous MKT formation in central block of Pre-caspian basin and promotes the later exploration of lithologic reservoir.
Research on life-cycle working path of timber based on case study in United Kingdom
Authors: Liu Xiaoxi , Ma Jing , Lan Liqian , Liu Hongjie , Peng Kaiyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the general knowledge and basic use of timber based on the case study in United Kingdom. It is narrated from the whole life cycle of wood, from its cradle to death, including its growth, application, degradation, decay detection repairing methods and techniques, etc. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance on the wider application of wood in architecture, especially on the conservation of historic buildings.
Importance of corresponding territory investigation to work of responsible planners from content and time sequence perspective
Authors: Deng Xiaoying , Ma Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In 2019, Beijing issued the Beijing Implementation Measures for the Responsible Planners System. The responsible planners then became one of fundamental strength in the refined urban governance chain. This paper discusses the importance of corresponding territory investigation to the work of responsible planners from content and time sequence perspective. This paper also points out the relationship between “urban physical examination” and corresponding territory investigation of responsible planners in the era of big data, and offers suggestions for the promotion of future work.
Evaluation of dimensional stability of metering truss structure using built-in laser interferometric dilatometer
Authors: Kitamoto Kazuya , Kamiya Tomohiro , Mizutani Tadahito 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dimensional stability in a space telescope is one of the important factors for performing high-resolution observations. The supporting structures between the primary and the secondary mirrors in a space telescope are required to maintain the mirror positions with the proper focus for minimizing the optical alignment error. In orbit, the harsh environment subjects a space telescope to temperature variations that can lead to deformation of those structures and degradation of the telescope’s optical performance. Several approaches are available for achieving high dimensional stability. They include minimizing temperature variations with active thermal control, designing the structure with low thermal expansion materials, and correcting the shape and/or position of the structure with actuators. An optimum combination of these measures is determined based on an accurate evaluation of the dimensional stability of the structures. This paper proposes a displacement measuring interferometer system with a simple, robust, and compact sensor that can monitor the dimensional stability of the precise structure by integrating the sensor into the structure. In this technique, a Fabry–Perot displacement sensor was built into the end of a strut that is a component of a metering truss structure. Two types of truss struts were tested to verify the performance of the proposed technique in measuring thermal expansions. The first one was the prototype that was made of stainless steel (SUS304). The other strut was made of a low thermal expansion ceramic (SiAlON) that is one of the most promising materials for a highly thermo-stable satellite structure. The thermal dimensional stability of these struts was evaluated by using the proposed technique and compared with conventional dilatometers for validating this new technique. The results showed that the technique has similar precision to the conventional measurement system and provide a more convenient and stable measurement system.
From Disputation Hall to High Office: Swedish Students’ Legal Dissertations at German and Dutch Universities in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Vasara-Aaltonen Marianne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Swedish students commonly studied abroad, especially during the seventeenth century. This was true also for those studying law. This article examines the legal dissertations that Swedish students defended during their visits to foreign universities in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The universities of Greifswald and Leiden produced the most dissertations with Swedish respondents. After discussing the practice of written dissertations and Swedes as respondents more generally, the dissertations of some Swedish students are examined in more detail. This analysis showed that many Swedes probably wrote the dissertations themselves, or at least actively participated, as references to Swedish law were common. By reflecting these dissertations with developments in early modern Sweden, the article provides new insight into the educational level of the slowly emerging Swedish legal profession of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It shows how dissertations defended abroad were a good way to highlight one’s expertise in a country like Sweden, which was still in dire need of legal professionals.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate as a Prognostic Marker of Disease Severity and Mortality in Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Abassi Mahsa , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Nuwagira Edwin , Kandole Tadeo Kiiza , Okirwoth Michael , Williams Darlisha A , Mpoza Edward , Tugume Lillian , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Huppler Hullsiek Kathy , Musubire Abdu K , Muzoora Conrad , Rhein Joshua , Meya David B , Boulware David R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels can be used to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis. We measured CSF lactate in individuals with cryptococcal meningitis to determine its clinical significance.

Methods
We measured point-of-care CSF lactate at the bedside of 319 Ugandan adults living with human immunodeficiency virus at diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. We summarized demographic variables and clinical characteristics by CSF lactate tertiles. We evaluated the association of CSF lactate with clinical characteristics and survival.

Results
Individuals with high CSF lactate &gt;5 mmol/L at cryptococcal diagnosis more likely presented with altered mental status (P &lt; .0001), seizures (P = .0005), elevated intracranial opening pressure (P = .03), higher CSF white cells (P = .007), and lower CSF glucose (P = .0003) compared with those with mid-range (3.1 to 5 mmol/L) or low (≤3 mmol/L) CSF lactate levels. Two-week mortality was higher among individuals with high baseline CSF lactate &gt;5 mmol/L (35%; 38 of 109) compared with individuals with mid-range (22%; 25 of 112) or low CSF lactate (9%; 9 of 97; P =&lt;.0001). After multivariate adjustment, CSF lactate &gt;5 mmol/L remained independently associated with excess mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–7.51; P = .002). We found no correlation between baseline CSF lactate levels and blood capillary lactate levels.

Conclusions
Baseline point-of-care CSF lactate levels are a prognostic marker of disease severity and mortality in cryptococcal meningitis. Individuals with an elevated baseline CSF lactate level are more likely to present with altered mental status, seizures, and elevated CSF opening pressure and are at a greater risk of death. Future studies are needed to determine targeted therapeutic management strategies in persons with high CSF lactate.
Diving deep into trouble: the role of foraging strategy and morphology in adapting to a changing environment
Authors: Ladds Monique , Rosen David , Gerlinsky Carling , Slip David , Harcourt Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhysiology places constraints on an animal’s ability to forage and those unable to adapt to changing conditions may face increased challenges to reproduce and survive. As the global marine environment continues to change, small, air-breathing, endothermic marine predators such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions) and particularly females, who are constrained by central place foraging during breeding, may experience increased difficulties in successfully obtaining adequate food resources. We explored whether physiological limits of female otariids may be innately related to body morphology (fur seals vs sea lions) and/or dictate foraging strategies (epipelagic vs mesopelagic or benthic). We conducted a systematic review of the increased body of literature since the original reviews of Costa et al. (When does physiology limit the foraging behaviour of freely diving mammals? Int Congr Ser 2004;1275:359–366) and Arnould and Costa (Sea lions in drag, fur seals incognito: insights from the otariid deviants. In Sea Lions of the World Fairbanks. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, Alaska, USA, pp. 309–324, 2006) on behavioural (dive duration and depth) and physiological (total body oxygen stores and diving metabolic rates) parameters. We estimated calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL—estimated duration of aerobic dives) for species and used simulations to predict the proportion of dives that exceeded the cADL. We tested whether body morphology or foraging strategy was the primary predictor of these behavioural and physiological characteristics. We found that the foraging strategy compared to morphology was a better predictor of most parameters, including whether a species was more likely to exceed their cADL during a dive and the ratio of dive time to cADL. This suggests that benthic and mesopelagic divers are more likely to be foraging at their physiological capacity. For species operating near their physiological capacity (regularly exceeding their cADL), the ability to switch strategies is limited as the cost of foraging deeper and longer is disproportionally high, unless it is accompanied by physiological adaptations. It is proposed that some otariids may not have the ability to switch foraging strategies and so be unable adapt to a changing oceanic ecosystem.
A case report of an infiltrative cardiomyopathy in everyday practice: a specific cause that cannot be missed in the elderly
Authors: Chiou Andrew , Aman Edris , Kesarwani Manoj 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a commonly misdiagnosed cardiac condition due to low disease awareness and perceived rarity, which frequently results in incorrect management and poor outcomes. Early and prompt diagnosis has become critical with emerging therapies that improve patient survival.

Case summary
A 68-year-old woman presented to a tertiary care centre with acute decompensated heart failure following recurrent hospitalizations for the same issue over the past several months. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with grade III diastolic dysfunction. However, QRS voltage by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was discordant with the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy seen by echocardiography, and the patient had recurrent non-sustained ventricular tachycardia that necessitated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation a few months prior. After aggressive diuresis, the patient completed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging that raised concern for cardiac amyloidosis. Subsequent serum and urine protein electrophoresis with associated immunofixation were within normal limits. Finally, ATTR-CM was confirmed by technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy with plans to initiate tafamidis after genetic testing.

Discussion
Patients &gt;60 years of age with diastolic heart failure phenotypically similar to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or hypertensive heart disease should always be evaluated for ATTR-CM. Features that increase suspicion include discordance between left ventricular wall thickness and ECG voltage, and signs/symptoms of a primary peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. Useful non-invasive diagnostic testing has also made the diagnosis of ATTR-CM inexpensive and possible without the need for an endomyocardial biopsy. Unfortunately, this patient’s diagnosis of ATTR-CM came late in her disease course, which delayed the onset of definitive therapy.
Transvenous ethanol ablation in epicardial localization of ventricular arrhythmias: a case report
Authors: Narziev Bakhodir , Yakubov Akmal , Ganiev Aliyor , Hamraev Ramesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
An endocardial radiofrequency ablation is a common approach for the treatment of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia. However, rare cases have been reported in which ventricular arrhythmia could not be ablated from endocardium due to an epicardial origin of the arrhythmia.

Case summary
In this article, we describe the rarely used, but acceptable approach to terminate ventricular arrhythmias in the summit of the left ventricle. We present a case of a 56-year-old patient with sustained monomorphic premature ventricular complexes, originating from the summit of the left ventricle, that were successfully eliminated. After unsuccessful ablation of the anterior wall right ventricular outflow tract, left coronary cusp, and distal coronary sinus, arrhythmia was eliminated by method of transvenous ethanol ablation. Complaints, such as palpitations and weakness, resolved after the procedure.

Discussion
This approach is used when an epicardial location of the substrate of arrhythmia is suspected and ablation through the right ventricular outflow tract, left coronary cusp, and great cardiac vein fails. The total effectiveness of eliminating ventricular arrhythmia increases if it is possible to use endo- and epicardial methods of mapping and ablation. In clinics with extensive experience in this area, ethanol ablation of epicardial ventricular arrhythmia is safe and effective.
Life-threatening arrhythmias with autosomal recessive TECRL variants
Authors: Webster Gregory , Aburawi Elhadi H , Chaix Marie A , Chandler Stephanie , Foo Roger , Islam A K M Monwarul , Kammeraad Janneke A E , Rioux John D , Al-Gazali Lihadh , Sayeed Md Zahidus , Xiao Tingting , Zhang Han , Xie Lijian , Hou Cuilan , Ing Alexander , Yap Kai Lee , Wilde Arthur A M , Bhuiyan Zahurul A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Sudden death and aborted sudden death have been observed in patients with biallelic variants in TECRL. However, phenotypes have only begun to be described and no data are available on medical therapy after long-term follow-up.

Methods and results
An international, multi-centre retrospective review was conducted. We report new cases associated with TECRL variants and long-term follow-up from previously published cases. We present 10 cases and 37 asymptomatic heterozygous carriers. Median age at onset of cardiac symptoms was 8 years (range 1–22 years) and cases were followed for an average of 10.3 years (standard deviation 8.3), right censored by death in three cases. All patients on metoprolol, bisoprolol, or atenolol were transitioned to nadolol or propranolol due to failure of therapy. Phenotypes typical of both long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) were observed. We also observed divergent phenotypes in some cases despite identical homozygous variants. None of 37 heterozygous family members had a cardiac phenotype.

Conclusion
Patients with biallelic pathogenic TECRL variants present with variable cardiac arrhythmia phenotypes, including those typical of long QT syndrome and CPVT. Nadolol and propranolol may be superior beta-blockers in this setting. No cardiac disease or sudden death was present in patients with a heterozygous genotype.
Environmental abiotic and biotic factors affecting the distribution and abundance ofNaegleria fowleri
Authors: Stahl Leigha M , Olson Julie B 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTNaegleria fowleri is a free-living protozoan that resides in soil and freshwater. Human intranasal amoebae exposure through water or potentially dust particles can culminate in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, which generally causes death. While many questions remain regarding pathogenesis, the microbial ecology of N. fowleri is even less understood. This review outlines current knowledge of the environmental abiotic and biotic factors that affect the distribution and abundance of N. fowleri. Although the impacts of some abiotic factors remain poorly investigated or inconclusive, N. fowleri appears to have a wide pH range, low salinity tolerance and thermophilic preference. From what is known about biotic factors, the amoebae preferentially feed upon bacteria and are preyed upon by other free-living amoebae. Additional laboratory and environmental studies are needed to fill in knowledge gaps, which are crucial for surveillance and management of N. fowleri in freshwaters. As surface water temperatures increase with climate change, it is likely that this amoeba will pose a greater threat to human health, suggesting that identifying its abiotic and biotic preferences is critical to mitigating this risk.
The Population-Specific Impact of Neandertal Introgression on Human Disease
Authors: Dannemann Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the discovery of admixture between modern humans and Neandertals, multiple studies investigated the effect of Neandertal-derived DNA on human disease and nondisease phenotypes. These studies have linked Neandertal ancestry to skin- and hair-related phenotypes, immunity, neurological, and behavioral traits. However, these inferences have so far been limited to cohorts with participants of European ancestry. Here, I analyze summary statistics from 40 disease GWAS (genome-wide association study) cohorts of ∼212,000 individuals provided by the Biobank Japan Project for phenotypic effects of Neandertal DNA. I show that Neandertal DNA is associated with autoimmune diseases, prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes. Many of these disease associations are linked to population-specific Neandertal DNA, highlighting the importance of studying a wider range of ancestries to characterize the phenotypic legacy of Neandertals in people today.