bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Last Resort When There is No Blood: Experiences and Perceptions of Intraoperative Autotransfusion Among Medical Doctors Deployed to Resource‐Limited Settings
Authors: Sjöholm Annie , Älgå Andreas , von Schreeb Johan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFour and a half million people die globally every year due to traumatic injuries. One major cause of preventable death is bleeding. Blood for transfusion is often unavailable in resource‐limited settings, where a majority of trauma deaths occur. Intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) has been proposed as a safe and feasible lifesaving alternative to allogeneic blood transfusion. However, there is limited knowledge regarding its use among doctors working for international non‐governmental organisations (INGOs) in resource‐limited settings. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of IAT among INGO‐affiliated medical doctors with clinical experience in resource‐limited settings.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews via telephone or Skype with 12 purposefully sampled surgeons and anaesthesiologists. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using content analysis.ResultsWe identified three main themes relating to IAT and bottlenecks preventing the scale‐up of its use: variation in techniques and systems, contextual factors, and individual medical doctor factors. The participants gave detailed reports of missed opportunities for usage of IAT in resource‐limited settings. Bottlenecks included the lack of simple and cost‐effective products, limited availability of protocols in the field, and insufficient knowledge and experience of IAT.ConclusionsThe participants found that simple IAT is under‐utilised in resource‐limited settings. Missed opportunities to use IAT were mainly associated with armed conflict settings and obstetrical emergencies. In order to meet the need for IAT in resource‐limited settings, we suggest further consideration of the identified bottlenecks.
Breast arterial calcifications as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk: radiologists’ awareness, reporting, and action. A survey among the EUSOBI members
Authors: Trimboli Rubina Manuela , Capra Davide , Codari Marina , Cozzi Andrea , Di Leo Giovanni , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the knowledge of radiologists on breast arterial calcifications (BAC) and attitude about BAC reporting, communication to women, and subsequent action.

Methods
An online survey was offered to EUSOBI members, with 17 questions focused on demographics, level of experience, clinical setting, awareness of BAC association with cardiovascular risk, mammographic reporting, modality of BAC assessment, and action habits. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results
Among 1084 EUSOBI members, 378 (34.9%) responded to the survey, 361/378 (95.5%) radiologists, 263 females (69.6%), 112 males (29.6%), and 3 (0.8%) who did not specify their gender. Of 378 respondents, 305 (80.7%) declared to be aware of BAC meaning in terms of cardiovascular risk and 234 (61.9%) to routinely include BAC in mammogram reports, when detected. Excluding one inconsistent answer, simple annotation of BAC presence was declared by 151/233 (64.8%), distinction between low versus extensive BAC burden by 59/233 (25.3%), and usage of an ordinal scale by 22/233 (9.5%) and of a cardinal scale by 1/233 (0.4%). Among these 233 radiologists reporting BAC, 106 (45.5%) declared to orally inform the woman and, in case of severe BAC burden, 103 (44.2%) to investigate cardiovascular history, and 92 (39.5%) to refer the woman to a cardiologist.

Conclusion
Among EUSOBI respondents, over 80% declared to be aware of BAC cardiovascular meaning and over 60% to include BAC in the report. Qualitative BAC assessment predominates. About 40% of respondents who report on BAC, in the case of severe BAC burden, investigate cardiovascular history and/or refer the woman to a cardiologist.

Key Points
• Of 1084 EUSOBI members, 378 (35%) participated: 81% of respondents are aware of breast arterial calcification (BAC) cardiovascular meaning and 62% include BAC in the mammogram report.
• Of those reporting BAC, description of presence was declared by 65%, low versus extensive burden distinction by 25%, usage of an ordinal scale by 10%, and of a cardinal scale by 0.4%; 46% inform the woman and, in case of severe BAC burden, 44% examine cardiovascular history, and 40% refer her to a cardiologist.
• European breast radiologists may be ready for large-scale studies to ascertain the role of BAC assessment in the comprehensive framework of female cardiovascular disease prevention.
Automated age- and sex-specific volumetric estimation of regional brain atrophy: workflow and feasibility
Authors: Caspers Julian , Heeger Adrian , Turowski Bernd , Rubbert Christian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
An automated workflow for age- and sex-specific estimation of regional brain volume changes from structural MRI relative to a standard population is presented and evaluated for feasibility.

Methods
T1w MRI scans are preprocessed in a standardized way comprising gray matter (GM) segmentation, normalization, modulation, and spatial smoothing. Resulting GM images are then compared to precomputed age- and sex-specific GM templates derived from the population-based Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample, and voxel-wise z-maps are compiled. z-maps are color-coded and fused with the subject’s T1w images. The rate of technical success of the proposed workflow was evaluated in 1330 subjects of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Furthermore, medial temporal atrophy (MTA) was assessed using the color-coded maps and with the MTA visual rating scale in these subjects. Sensitivities and specificity of color-coded maps and MTA scale were compared using McNemar’s test.

Results
One test dataset was excluded due to severe motion artifacts. Out of the remaining 1329 datasets, atrophy map generation was successful in 1323 ADNI subjects (99.5%). Sensitivity for AD diagnosis (71.4 % vs. 53.3%, p < 0.0001 for left; 70.4% vs. 55.3%, p < 0.0001 for right hemisphere) and for MCI (45.4% vs. 17.4, p < 0.0001 for left; 43.5% vs. 14.6%, p < 0.0001 for right hemisphere) based on medial temporal atrophy assessment in color-coded maps was significantly higher than for MTA visual rating scale, while specificity was lower (78.4% vs. 93.8%, p < 0.0001 for left; 79.4% vs. 95.8%, p < 0.0001 for right hemisphere). The workflow is named veganbagel and is published as open-source software with an integrated PACS interface.

Conclusions
Automated brain volume change estimation with the proposed workflow is feasible and technically dependable. It provides high potential for radiologic assessment of brain volume changes and neurodegenerative diseases.

Key Points
• A workflow combining techniques from voxel-based morphometry and population-based neuroimaging data is feasible and technically highly dependable.
• The workflow is provided as open-source software, named veganbagel.
• Sensitivity of medial temporal atrophy assessment in atrophy maps from veganbagel exceeds the sensitivity of MTA visual rating scale for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Measuring health promotion: translating science into policy
Authors: Griffiths James C. , De Vries Jan , McBurney Michael I. , Wopereis Suzan , Serttas Samet , Marsman Daniel S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCommonly, it is the end of life when our health is deteriorating, that many will make drastic lifestyle changes to improve their quality of life. However, it is increasingly recognized that bringing good health-promoting behaviors into practice as early in life as possible has the most significant impact across the maximal healthspan. The WHO has brought clarity to health promotion over the last fifteen years, always centering on language relating to a process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their physical, mental and social health. A good healthspan is not just freedom from morbidity and mortality, it is that joie de vivre (“joy of living”) that should accompany every day of our lifespan. Therefore, health promotion includes not only the health sector, but also needs individual commitment to achieve that target of a healthspan aligned with the lifespan. This paper explores health promotion and health literacy, and how to design appropriate nutritional studies to characterize contributors to a positive health outcome, the role the human microbiome plays in promoting health and addressing and alleviating morbidity and diseases, and finally how to characterize phenotypic flexibility and a physiologic resilience that we must maintain as our structural and functional systems are bombarded with the insults and perturbations of life.
Lean-seafood intake increases urinary iodine concentrations and plasma selenium levels: a randomized controlled trial with crossover design
Authors: Øyen Jannike , Aadland Eli Kristin , Liaset Bjørn , Fjære Even , Dahl Lisbeth , Madsen Lise 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Iodine deficiency due to insufficient nutritional intake is a public health challenge in several European countries, including Norway. Lean-seafood has a high iodine and arsenic (As) content and is a good source of selenium (Se). Evidence of a direct effect of increased intake of lean-seafood on iodine status is limited. The main aims were to determine the iodine status at baseline and to investigate possible dietary effects on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) after intervention with lean-seafood versus non-seafood. Plasma Se, and plasma and urinary As concentrations were also measured.

Methods
A randomized controlled crossover study comprising two 4 weeks experimental periods with two balanced diets varied in main proteins (60% of total dietary proteins) of lean-seafood and non-seafood, separated by a 5 week washout period.

Results
Twenty participants (7 males, 13 females) were included and the mean ± SD age was 50.6 ± 15.3 years for all participants. Fasting UIC was median (25th, 75th percentile) 70 (38, 110) and 79 (49, 94) µg/L in the lean-seafood and non-seafood intervention at baseline, respectively. UIC increased after 4 weeks of the lean-seafood intervention to 135 (110, 278) µg/L, but not after the non-seafood intervention [58 (33, 91) µg/L] (P diet-effect < 0.001). Fasting plasma Se increased in the lean-seafood intervention and decreased in the non-seafood intervention (P diet-effect = 0.001). Fasting urinary and plasma As increased in the lean-seafood intervention and was unchanged in the non-seafood intervention (P diet-effect < 0.001).

Conclusion
The participant’s UIC was below the recommended median (100 µg/L) at baseline, but increased sufficiently after a 4 week intervention with lean-seafood.
Learning curve for endoscopic tympanoplasty type I: comparison of endoscopic-native and microscopically-trained surgeons
Authors: Monteiro Eduardo Machado Rossi , Beckmann Sven , Pedrosa Maísa Mendes , Siggemann Till , Morato Sarah Maciel Augusta , Anschuetz Lukas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Type I tympanoplasty is one of the first operations to be performed by ear surgeons in training and is increasingly performed using the endoscopic technique. The aim of the present study is to assess and compare the learning curve for type I tympanoplasties between a microscopically trained and endoscopic native ear surgeon. We hypothesize comparable learning curves between the two surgeons regardless of previous microscopic experience.

Methods
Retrospective analysis and comparison of the 25 first consecutive cases of type I tympanoplasty performed by a microscopically trained ear surgeon (MTES) and a native endoscopic ear surgeon (NEES).

Results
Mean duration of surgery in MTES and NEES groups was 54 ± 12.3 min and 55.6 ± 17.5 min, respectively. Both surgeons achieved a reduction of the surgery duration over time with statistically significant reduction from the first five cases to the last five cases in both groups. Graft intake rate was 92% after 3 months. Preoperative and postoperative PTA revealed a mean improvement of air bone gap (ABG) of 11.5 ± 7.1 dB HL in MTES group versus 9.3 ± 8.5 dB HL in NEES group, whereby the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Endoscopic type I tympanoplasty shows comparable results and learning curves in two beginning endoscopic ear surgeons independent of the previous microscopic experience. We recommend if available the parallel learning of both techniques.
Radiographic scoliosis angle estimation: spline-based measurement reveals superior reliability compared to traditional COBB method
Authors: Bernstein Peter , Metzler Johannes , Weinzierl Marlene , Seifert Carl , Kisel Wadim , Wacker Markus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction and objective
Although being standard for scoliosis curve size estimation, COBB angle measurement is well known to be inaccurate, due to a high interobserver variance in end vertebra selection and end plate contour delineation. We propose a stepwise improvement by using a spline constructed from vertebra centroids to resemble spinal curve characteristics more closely. To enhance precision even further, a neural net was trained to detect the centroids automatically.

Materials & Methods
Vertebra centroids in AP spinal X-ray images of varying quality from 551 scoliosis patients were manually labeled by 4 investigators. With these inputs, splines were generated and the computed curve sizes were compared to the manually measured COBB angles and to the curve estimation obtained from the neural net.

Results
Splines achieved a higher interobserver correlation of 0.92–0.95 compared to manual COBB measurements (0.83–0.92) and showed 1.5–2 times less variance, depending on the anatomic region. This translates into an average of 1° of interobserver measurement deviation for spline-based curve estimation compared to 3°–8° for COBB measurements. The neural net was even more precise and achieved mean deviations below 0.5°.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our data suggest an advantage of spline-based automated measuring systems, so further investigations are warranted to abandon manual COBB measurements.
The interhemispheric fissure—surgical outcome of interhemispheric approaches
Authors: Aftahy A. Kaywan , Barz Melanie , Wagner Arthur , Liesche-Starnecker Friederike , Negwer Chiara , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExposure of the anterior skull base is challenging due to strategic structures. The interhemispheric approach (IHA) has turned out to be a feasible technique. We report our experience with IHAs in patients with extraaxial lesions (EAL). We performed a retrospective chart review at a tertiary neurosurgical center between April 2009 and March 2020. We included patients with resection of EAL through IHAs concentrating on surgical technique, complete resection rate, postoperative outcome, and complications. Seventy-four patients resected by an IHA were included: 49 (66.2%) frontal (FIA), nine (12.1%) parietooccipital (PIA), and 16 (21.6%) frontobasal IHAs (FBIAs). Median age at time of surgery was 59 years (range 16–88 years), 47 (63.5%) female and 27 (36.5%) male. Complete resection rate was 83.8% (FIA 89.8%, PIA 55.6%, FBIA 81.3%). Rate of new minor deficits was 17.6%, rate of major deficits 5.4%, total rate 23.0%. 51 (68.9%) WHO°I meningiomas, ten (13.5%) WHO°II meningiomas, two (2.7%) WHO°III meningiomas, nine (12.2%) metastases, one (1.4%) sarcoma, and one (1.4%) local adenocarcinoma were resected. Total complication rate was 27.0%. Rate of major complications requiring intervention was 9.6%. Mean follow-up was 34.2 (± 33.2) months. In patients with lesions of the interhemispheric fissure, overall morbidity and complications are comparatively high. Extensions of IHAs with potential even higher morbidity are not necessary though; we support the use of standardized IHAs. Our findings suggest regular usage of relatively feasible IHAs for a satisfying outcome. Invasive, complicated, or contralateral trajectories were not needed.
Southern Canada’s crisis ecoregions: identifying the most significant and threatened places for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Kraus Daniel , Hebb Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIdentifying and protecting key areas for biodiversity is a cornerstone of effective nature conservation. This conservation assessment analyzes 77 ecoregions across the southern, settled part of Canada to identify priorities for conservation action. Our analysis included 34 measures of biodiversity, threat and conservation response. We categorized all ecoregions based on their overall biodiversity and threat scores. This categorization identified nine “crisis ecoregions.” These ecoregions have higher biodiversity and threat scores compared to other ecoregions in the study area. These ecoregions represent less than 5% of Canadian lands and inland waters but provide habitat for over 60% of Canada’s species at risk. Twenty-one ecoregions have higher biodiversity but lower threat scores. Primarily distributed in the more intact portions of the study area, these ecoregions generally have lower biodiversity scores for species diversity, but score very high for intactness, habitat diversity and congregatory species. This assessment can help to contextualize existing and proposed conservation actions by highlighting key biodiversity, threat and conservation attributes of ecoregions across southern Canada. Our assessment can be used to focus efforts on new protected areas, species at risk recovery, capacity building and ecological monitoring. The results of the conservation assessment can be applied to set and track progress toward national, regional and organizational conservation goals, including post-2020 biodiversity targets. Regular reanalysis of the ecoregions to track their trends in biodiversity, threat and conservation responses will support monitoring the effectiveness of conservation programs and highlight ecoregions where continued focus is most needed to conserve Canada’s biodiversity.
Ignition and Burning of Fibreboard Exposed to Transient Irradiation
Authors: Vermesi Izabella , Richter Franz , Chaos Marcos , Rein Guillermo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNatural materials like wood are increasingly used in the construction industry, making the understanding of their ignition and burning behaviour in fires crucial. The state of the art of wood flammability is based mostly on studies at constant heating. However, accidental fires are better represented by transient heating. Here, we study the piloted ignition and burning of medium density fibreboard (MDF) under transient irradiation. Experiments are conducted in a Fire Propagation Apparatus under parabolic heat flux pulses with peak irradiation ranging from 30 to 40 kW/m2 and time-to-peak irradiation from 160 to 480 s. The experimental results reveal that the critical conditions for ignition of fibreboard vary over wide ranges: mass flux between 4.9 to 7.4 g/m2-s, surface temperature between 276 to 298°C, and heat flux between 29 to 40 kW/m2. Flameout conditions are studied as well, with observations of when it leads either to extinction or to smouldering combustion. We explored the experiments further with a one-dimensional pyrolysis model in Gpyro and show that predictions are accurate. Assuming a non-uniform density profile (a realistic assumption) improves the predictions in comparison to a uniform density profile by increasing the mass loss rate by 12%, decreasing the temperatures by 45%, and increasing the ignition time by 20 s. These results further support previous findings that a single critical condition for igntion or flameout established under constant irradiation does not hold under transient irradiation which indicates that ignition and extinction theories need improvements.
The Association Between Autistic Traits and Disordered Eating is Moderated by Sex/Gender and Independent of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Barnett Alana , Edwards Katie , Harper Rebecca , Evans Elizabeth , Alexander Derina , Choudhary Mohini , Richards Gareth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have reported positive correlations between autistic traits and disordered eating, though it is unclear whether the association is moderated by sex/gender or whether it is independent of anxiety or depression. We present the findings of an online survey of 691 participants who completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Following a pre-registered analysis plan, we observed positive correlations between AQ and EAT-26 in males and females, with the association being significantly stronger in females. AQ also remained a significant predictor of EAT-26 when anxiety and depression were controlled for statistically. These findings may be relevant when considering therapeutic interventions in disordered eating populations that exhibit autistic traits.
Identification of fatty acids in fractionated lipid extracts from Palmaria palmata, Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima by off-line SPE GC-MS
Authors: Foseid Lena , Natvik Ingeborg , Devle Hanne , Ekeberg Dag 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fatty acid profiles of the three lipid fractions, neutral lipids (NL), free fatty acids and polar lipids (PL), from the macroalgaePalmaria palmata(wild),Alaria esculenta(cultivated) andSaccharina latissima(cultivated) were studied in light of dietary important fatty acids. Blade and stipe from the macroalgae were collected at the end of the growth season (May/June) at Frøya (Trøndelag, Norway). A total of 51 fatty acids were identified in the algae, including several fatty acids novel to one or more of the algae. The NL and PL fractions ofP. palmatawere the most promising from a health perspective, due to a high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (10.1 ± 0.5% and 6.6 ± 0.1%, respectively) and notrans-fatty acids. In addition, these fractions had very low omega-6/omega-3 ratios (< 0.1) and can therefore be beneficial for balancing the omega-6/omega-3 ratio in the diet. The NL fraction ofA. esculentahad the highest content of monounsaturated- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (20.9 ± 1.4 and 21.8 ± 1.9% of alga, respectively), as well as the highest content of the two essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (5.3 ± 0.4% of alga) and alpha-linolenic acid (2.4 ± 0.2% of alga). Indices related to risk factors for coronary heart disease were most favourable in the NL fraction ofS. latissimaand the NL and PL fractions ofA. esculenta.