bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Just the facts: why norms remain relevant in an age of practice
Authors: Evers Miles M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReification – the act of treating something socially created as if it were real – is often described as a problem in the study of international norms. Critical and post-colonial scholars argue that reification silences alternative worldviews, whereas practice-oriented scholars argue it diminishes agency and practical innovation. In his article ‘From Norms to Normative Configurations,’ Simon Pratt proposes a solution to the problem of reification, reconceiving norms as a configuration of interrelated social practices. In this piece, I argue that the conventional wisdom is wrong. Reification is an essential part of how norms are constructed, contested, and surmounted in international politics. I revisit the foundational figures in norms research to highlight problems in Pratt's analysis, and prove the value of reification, both analytically and methodologically. Then, I use these insights to amend the concept of normative configuration, redefining it as a complex network of discrete norms tied together through common social practices. Along the way, I offer directions for future research on the relationship between norms and practices.
Calcitriol modulates cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels and lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic male rabbits: A pilot study
Authors: Radagdam Saeed , Asoudeh-Fard Abbas , Karimi Mohammad-Ali , Faridvand Yousef , Gholinejad Zafar , Gerayesh Nejad Siavash 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Vitamin D3 efficacy against cardiovascular disease prevention has been reported in many experimental studies. We aimed to investigate the effect of the calcitriol or active form of Vitamin D3 (1, 25(OH) 2D3) on serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. New Zealand white male rabbits were fed with 1% cholesterol diet and randomly assigned into two groups (n = 6). The case group was administrated with 50000 calcitriol (IU/kg/per wk) and the control group which administrated with calcitriol solvent (sesame oil) for 2 months. Then, after two months the lipid profile, CETP and 25OHD3 levels were measured. The serum concentration of CETP was increased after treatment with calcitriol in case group as compared to the control group (41.75 ± 3.19 vs. 34.5 ± 2.3, ng/ml, P < 0.05). We also observed higher levels of the 25OHD3 in the calcitriol group at the 1stmonth (16.3 ± 1.64 vs. 12.8 ± 1.33 ng/ml) and the 2ndmonth (19.5 ± 2.14 vs. 12.5 ± 1.25 ng/ml) as compared with the control group. the significant increase in the level of HDL-C was observed in the case group than the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, serum levels of LDL- Cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglyceride (TG) were reduced after assessment at 1stand 2ndmonth after administration of calcitriol. Our research indicated the significant anti-atherogenic effects of calcitriol in the rabbit model of atherosclerosis. However, increased in CETP levels by calcitriol may know as an additional way, which interfere with the anti-atherogenic effects of calcitriol.
Concentrations and Size Distributions of Black Carbon in the Surface Snow of Eastern Antarctica in 2011
Authors: Kinase T. , Adachi K. , Oshima N. , Goto‐Azuma K. , Ogawa‐Tsukagawa Y. , Kondo Y. , Moteki N. , Ohata S. , Mori T. , Hayashi M. , Hara K. , Kawashima H. , Kita K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKnowledge of black carbon (BC) concentrations and size distributions within surface snow in Antarctica is limited. However, these measurements are important to understanding global aerosol transport from combustion sources, and BC contributes to positive radiative forcing. This study analyzed the concentrations and size distributions of BC and inorganic ions in snow samples collected at the Syowa station in Antarctica from April to December 2011 and along a traverse route to an inland (Mizuho) station. The BC size distributions in snow were bimodal with mass median diameters of ~140 and ~690 nm. We also estimated the mass median diameter from unimodal distributions and found smaller diameters than were reported by other studies. The mass concentrations of BC in snow were higher in inland samples than in Syowa samples. Among Syowa samples, the BC concentrations in December (2117.3 ng L−1 on average) were higher than in other periods (288.2 ng L−1 on average). The December samples experienced ambient temperatures above 0 °C, and the atmospheric BC concentrations did not increase simultaneously. Inorganic ions originated from the ocean and decreased with increasing distance from the coastal area. We conclude that the BC concentrations in surface snow increased mainly by postdeposition processes through the loss of water mass due to melting, evaporation, and sublimation. Our study is the first to report detailed BC concentrations and size distributions in eastern Antarctica, and the results will help to evaluate BC global transport, the snow albedo estimations in this region, and the climate impacts of BC.
Holistic Approach for Studying Planetary Hydrospheres: Gibbs Representation of Ices Thermodynamics, Elasticity, and the Water Phase Diagram to 2,300 MPa
Authors: Journaux B. , Brown J. M. , Pakhomova A. , Collings I. E. , Petitgirard S. , Espinoza P. , Boffa Ballaran T. , Vance S. D. , Ott J. , Cova F. , Garbarino G. , Hanfland M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGibbs energy representations for ices II, III, V, and VI are reported. These were constructed using new measurements of volumes at high pressure over a range of low temperatures combined with calculated vibrational energies grounded in statistical physics. The collection of representations are released within the open source SeaFreeze program, together with the Gibbs representation already known for ice Ih and water. This program allows accurate determination of thermodynamics properties (phase boundaries, density, specific heat, bulk modulus, thermal expansivity, chemical potentials) and seismic wave velocities over the entire range of conditions encountered in hydrospheres in our solar system (130–500 K to 2,300 MPa). These comprehensive representations allow exploration of the rich spectrum of thermodynamic behavior in the H2O system. Although these results are broadly applicable in science and engineering, their use is particularly relevant to habitability analysis, interior modeling, and future geophysical sounding of water‐rich planetary bodies of our solar system and beyond.
A 5700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome from chewed birch pitch
Authors: Jensen Theis Z. T. , Niemann Jonas , Iversen Katrine Højholt , Fotakis Anna K. , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Vågene Åshild J. , Pedersen Mikkel Winther , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Ellegaard Martin R. , Allentoft Morten E. , Lanigan Liam T. , Taurozzi Alberto J. , Nielsen Sofie Holtsmark , Dee Michael W. , Mortensen Martin N. , Christensen Mads C. , Sørensen Søren A. , Collins Matthew J. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Sikora Martin , Rasmussen Simon , Schroeder Hannes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe rise of ancient genomics has revolutionised our understanding of human prehistory but this work depends on the availability of suitable samples. Here we present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a 5700 year-old piece of chewed birch pitch from Denmark. We sequence the human genome to an average depth of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the pitch was female and that she was genetically more closely related to western hunter-gatherers from mainland Europe than hunter-gatherers from central Scandinavia. We also find that she likely had dark skin, dark brown hair and blue eyes. In addition, we identify DNA fragments from several bacterial and viral taxa, including Epstein-Barr virus, as well as animal and plant DNA, which may have derived from a recent meal. The results highlight the potential of chewed birch pitch as a source of ancient DNA.
A VEGF receptor vaccine demonstrates preliminary efficacy in neurofibromatosis type 2
Authors: Tamura Ryota , Fujioka Masato , Morimoto Yukina , Ohara Kentaro , Kosugi Kenzo , Oishi Yumiko , Sato Mizuto , Ueda Ryo , Fujiwara Hirokazu , Hikichi Tetsuro , Noji Shinobu , Oishi Naoki , Ogawa Kaoru , Kawakami Yutaka , Ohira Takayuki , Yoshida Kazunari , Toda Masahiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab has shown efficacy for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Theoretically, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can kill both tumor vessel cells and tumor cells expressing VEGFRs. Here we show an exploratory clinical study of VEGFRs peptide vaccine in seven patients with progressive NF2-derived schwannomas. Hearing improves in 2/5 assessable patients (40%) as determined by international guidelines, with increases in word recognition scores. Tumor volume reductions of ≥20% are observed in two patients, including one in which bevacizumab had not been effective. There are no severe adverse events related to the vaccine. Both VEGFR1-specific and VEGFR2-specific CTLs are induced in six patients. Surgery is performed after vaccination in two patients, and significant reductions in the expression of VEGFRs in schwannomas are observed. Therefore, this clinical immunotherapy study demonstrates the safety and preliminary efficacy of VEGFRs peptide vaccination in patients with NF2.
Discovery of a chemical probe for PRDM9
Authors: Allali-Hassani Abdellah , Szewczyk Magdalena M. , Ivanochko Danton , Organ Shawna L. , Bok Jabez , Ho Jessica Sook Yuin , Gay Florence P. H. , Li Fengling , Blazer Levi , Eram Mohammad S. , Halabelian Levon , Dilworth David , Luciani Genna M. , Lima-Fernandes Evelyne , Wu Qin , Loppnau Peter , Palmer Nathan , Talib S. Zakiah A. , Brown Peter J. , Schapira Matthieu , Kaldis Philipp , O’Hagan Ronan C. , Guccione Ernesto , Barsyte-Lovejoy Dalia , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Sanders John M. , Kattar Solomon D. , Bennett D. Jonathan , Nicholson Benjamin , Vedadi Masoud 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPRDM9 is a PR domain containing protein which trimethylates histone 3 on lysine 4 and 36. Its normal expression is restricted to germ cells and attenuation of its activity results in altered meiotic gene transcription, impairment of double-stranded breaks and pairing between homologous chromosomes. There is growing evidence for a role of aberrant expression of PRDM9 in oncogenesis and genome instability. Here we report the discovery of MRK-740, a potent (IC50: 80 ± 16 nM), selective and cell-active PRDM9 inhibitor (Chemical Probe). MRK-740 binds in the substrate-binding pocket, with unusually extensive interactions with the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), conferring SAM-dependent substrate-competitive inhibition. In cells, MRK-740 specifically and directly inhibits H3K4 methylation at endogenous PRDM9 target loci, whereas the closely related inactive control compound, MRK-740-NC, does not. The discovery of MRK-740 as a chemical probe for the PRDM subfamily of methyltransferases highlights the potential for exploiting SAM in targeting SAM-dependent methyltransferases.
Formation of optical supramolecular structures in a fibre laser by tailoring long-range soliton interactions
Authors: He W. , Pang M. , Yeh D. H. , Huang J. , Menyuk C. R. , Russell P. St. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelf-assembly of fundamental elements through weak, long-range interactions plays a central role in both supramolecular DNA assembly and bottom-up synthesis of nanostructures. Optical solitons, analogous in many ways to particles, arise from the balance between nonlinearity and dispersion and have been studied in numerous optical systems. Although both short- and long-range interactions between optical solitons have attracted extensive interest for decades, stable soliton supramolecules, with multiple aspects of complexity and flexibility, have thus far escaped experimental observation due to the absence of techniques for enhancing and controlling the long-range inter-soliton forces. Here we report that long-range soliton interactions originating from optoacoustic effects and dispersive-wave radiations can be precisely tailored in a fibre laser cavity, enabling self-assembly of large numbers of optical solitons into highly-ordered supramolecular structures. We demonstrate several features of such optical structures, highlighting their potential applications in optical information storage and ultrafast laser-field manipulation.
Parametrically constrained geometry relaxations for high-throughput materials science
Authors: Lenz Maja-Olivia , Purcell Thomas A. R. , Hicks David , Curtarolo Stefano , Scheffler Matthias , Carbogno Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReducing parameter spaces via exploiting symmetries has greatly accelerated and increased the quality of electronic-structure calculations. Unfortunately, many of the traditional methods fail when the global crystal symmetry is broken, even when the distortion is only a slight perturbation (e.g., Jahn-Teller like distortions). Here we introduce a flexible and generalizable parametric relaxation scheme and implement it in the all-electron code FHI-aims. This approach utilizes parametric constraints to maintain symmetry at any level. After demonstrating the method’s ability to relax metastable structures, we highlight its adaptability and performance over a test set of 359 materials, across 13 lattice prototypes. Finally we show how these constraints can reduce the number of steps needed to relax local lattice distortions by an order of magnitude. The flexibility of these constraints enables a significant acceleration of high-throughput searches for novel materials for numerous applications.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator-primed human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells promote motor recovery after severe spinal cord injury
Authors: Shiga Yasuhiro , Shiga Akina , Mesci Pinar , Kwon HyoJun , Brifault Coralie , Kim John H. , Jeziorski Jacob J. , Nasamran Chanond , Ohtori Seiji , Muotri Alysson R. , Gonias Steven L. , Campana Wendy M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe goal of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) is to restore motor function without exacerbating pain. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) may be administered by autologous transplantation, avoiding immunologic challenges. Identifying strategies to optimize iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiNPC) for cell transplantation is an important objective. Herein, we report a method that takes advantage of the growth factor-like and anti-inflammatory activities of the fibrinolysis protease, tissue plasminogen activator tPA, without effects on hemostasis. We demonstrate that conditioninghiNPC with enzymatically-inactive tissue-type plasminogen activator (EI-tPA), prior to grafting into a T3 lesion site in a clinically relevant severe SCI model, significantly improves motor outcomes. EI-tPA-primedhiNPC grafted into lesion sites survived, differentiated, acquired markers of motor neuron maturation, and extended βIII-tubulin-positive axons several spinal segments below the lesion. Importantly, only SCI rats that received EI-tPA primedhiNPC demonstrated significantly improved motor function, without exacerbating pain. WhenhiNPC were treated with EI-tPA in culture, NMDA-R-dependent cell signaling was initiated, expression of genes associated with stemness (Nestin, Sox2) was regulated, and thrombin-induced cell death was prevented. EI-tPA emerges as a novel agent capable of improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy in SCI.
Ca(2+)N It Be Measured? Detection of Extramitochondrial Calcium Movement With High-Resolution FluoRespirometry
Authors: Nászai Anna , Terhes Emil , Kaszaki József , Boros Mihály , Juhász László 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur aim was to develop a method to detect extramitochondrial Ca2+ movement and O2 fluxes simultaneously. Using High-Resolution FluoRespirometry, we also tested whether mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibition or anoxia affects the mitochondrial Ca2+ flux. Ca2+ movement evoked by CaCl2 or anoxia was assessed with CaGreen-5N dye using Blue-Fluorescence-Sensor in isolated liver mitochondria, liver homogenates and duodenal biopsies. Exogenous CaCl2 (50 µM) resulted in an abrupt elevation in CaGreen-5N fluorescence followed by a decrease (Ca2+ uptake) with simultaneous elevation in O2 consumption in liver preparations. This was followed by a rapid increase in the fluorescence signal, reaching a higher intensity (Ca2+ efflux) than that of the initial CaCl2-induced elevation. Chelation of Ca2+ with EGTA completely abolished the fluorescence of the indicator. After pre-incubation with cyclosporin A, a marked delay in Ca2+ movement was observed, not only in isolated liver mitochondria, but also in tissue homogenates. In all samples, the transition to anoxia resulted in immediate increase in the level of extramitochondrial Ca2+. The results demonstrate that the CaGreen-5N method is suitable to monitor simultaneous O2 and Ca2+ fluxes, and the opening of mPTP in various biological samples. In this system the duration of stimulated Ca2+ fluxes may provide a novel parameter to evaluate the efficacy of mPTP blocker compounds.
Highly flexible and stable resistive switching devices based on WS2 nanosheets:poly(methylmethacrylate) nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Jeong Heon , Wu Chaoxing , Sung Sihyun , An Haoqun , Kim Tae Whan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper reports data for the electrical characteristics and the operating mechanisms of flexible resistive switching devices based on WS2 nanosheets (NSs) dispersed in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layer. The ON/OFF ratio of the memristive device based on an Al/WS2 NSs:PMMA/indium tin oxides (ITO) structure was approximately 5.9 × 104. The memristive device based on the WS2 NSs also exhibited the bipolar switching characteristics with low power consumption and great performance in the bent state with radii of the curvatures of 20 and 10 mm. Especially, the results obtained after bending the device were similar to those observed before bending. The device showed nearly the same ON/OFF ratio for a retention time of 1 × 104 sec, and the number of endurance cycles was greater than 1 × 102. The set voltage and the reset voltage probability distributions for the setting and the resetting processes indicated bipolar switching characteristics. The operating and the carrier transport mechanisms of the Al/WS2 NSs:PMMA/ITO device could be explained based on the current-voltage results with the aid of an energy band diagram.
Real-time intraoperative diagnosis by deep neural network driven multiphoton virtual histology
Authors: You Sixian , Sun Yi , Yang Lin , Park Jaena , Tu Haohua , Marjanovic Marina , Sinha Saurabh , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent advances in label-free virtual histology promise a new era for real-time molecular diagnosis in the operating room and during biopsy procedures. To take full advantage of the rich, multidimensional information provided by these technologies, reproducible and reliable computational tools that could facilitate the diagnosis are in great demand. In this study, we developed a deep-learning-based framework to recognize cancer versus normal human breast tissue from real-time label-free virtual histology images, with a tile-level AUC (area under receiver operating curve) of 95% and slide-level AUC of 100% on unseen samples. Furthermore, models trained on a high-quality laboratory-generated dataset can generalize to independent datasets acquired from a portable intraoperative version of the imaging technology with a physics-based adapted design. Classification activation maps and final feature visualization revealed discriminative patterns, such as tumor cells and tumor-associated vesicles, that are highly associated with cancer status. These results demonstrate that through the combination of real-time virtual histopathology and a deep-learning framework, accurate real-time diagnosis could be achieved in point-of-procedure clinical applications.
Laryngeal Constriction Phenomena in Infant Vocalizations
Authors: Robb Michael P. , Yavarzadeh Faraz , Schluter Philip J. , Voit Verena , Shehata-Dieler Wafaa , Wermke Kathleen 
Published: December 2019

PurposeInstances of laryngeal constriction have been noted as a feature of infant vocal development. The purpose of this study was to directly evaluate the developmental occurrence of laryngeal constriction phenomena in infant crying, cooing, and babbling vocalizations.MethodThe cry and noncry vocalizations of 20 healthy term-born infants between the ages of 1 and 7 months were examined for instances of laryngeal constriction. Approximately 20,000 vocalization samples were acoustically evaluated, applying a combined visual (frequency spectra and melody curves) and auditory analysis; the occurrence of instances of different constriction phenomena was analyzed.ResultsLaryngeal constrictions were found during the production of cry and noncry vocalizations. The developmental pattern of constrictions for both vocalizations was charac-terized by an increase in constrictions followed by a decrease. During the age period of 3–5 months, when cry and noncry vocalizations were co-occurring, laryngeal constrictions were observed in 14%–22% of both types of vocalizations. An equal percentage of constrictions was found for both vocalizations at 5 months of age.ConclusionsThe findings confirm that the production of laryngeal constriction is a regularly occurring phenomenon in healthy, normally developing infants' spontaneous crying, cooing, and marginal babbling. The occurrence of constriction in both cry and noncry vocalizations suggests that an infant is exploiting physiological constraints of the sound-generating system for articulatory development during vocal exploration. These results lend support to the notion that the laryngeal articulator is the principal articulator that infants 1st start to control as they test and practice their phonetic production skills from birth through the 1st several months of life.
Prophylactic Versus Reactive Gastrostomy Tubes in Head and Neck Cancer: Making Joint Decisions
Authors: Croake Daniel J. , Angadi Vrushali 
Published: December 2019

PurposePatients undergoing chemoradiation for treatment of head and neck cancer often develop swallowing problems that necessitate a percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Studies comparing various outcomes related to timing of PEG tubes placed either prophylactically or reactively do not show a clear advantage to either method; however, pertinent patient factors may help determine an educated and evidence-based decision. Additionally, patients may not be included in decision making regarding PEG placement and may not receive adequate education regarding PEG tubes, resulting in fears and concerns. Thus, patients may wish to avoid or at least delay PEG tube placement until necessary. The purpose of this viewpoint article is to review relevant literature and describe patient concerns to better facilitate joint decision making of PEG tube timing with the patient and care team.ConclusionPatient counseling and inclusion can be useful in helping patients understand why and when a PEG tube may be beneficial or necessary during treatment. A simplified decision tree is introduced that incorporates several relevant patient factors based on the current literature and can be used jointly by clinicians and patients to reach a mutual decision by incorporating clinical factors while being mindful of patient values.