bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multichromatic Control of Signaling Pathways in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Kramer Markus M. , Mühlhäuser Wignand W. D. , Weber Wilfried , Radziwill Gerald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe precise control of signaling proteins is a prerequisite to decipher the complexity of the signaling network and to reveal and to study pathways involved in regulating cellular metabolism and gene expression. Optogenetic approaches play an emerging role as they enable the spatiotemporal control of signaling processes. Herein, a multichromatic system is developed by combining the blue light cryptochrome 2 system and the red/far‐red light phytochrome B system. The use of three wavelengths allows the orthogonal control of the RAF/ERK and the AKT signaling pathway. Continuous exposure of cells to blue light leads to activation of AKT while simultaneous pulses of red and far‐red light enable the modulation of ERK signaling in cells with constantly active AKT signaling. The optimized, orthogonal multichromatic system presented here is a valuable tool to better understand the fine grained and intricate processes involved in cell fate decisions.
Tandem Annulations of Propargylic Alcohols to Indole Derivatives
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Yan , Liu Yun‐Lin , Chen Long 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIndole derivatives are important heterocycles in organic synthesis for serving as privileged building blocks for functional material and as key components in a lot of bioactive compounds. Propargylic alcohols, bearing alkynyl and hydroxyl functional groups, have emerged as promising feedstock materials for the construction of carbo‐ and heterocycles. Especially, in the last decade, the Lewis or Brønsted acid catalysed tandem annulations of propargylic alcohols to build structurally diverse indole derivatives have been well‐investigated. In this review, we summarize two main synthetic strategies toward indole derivatives via the cascade reactions of propargylic alcohols: indole‐ring formation involved tandem reactions and the direct function‐alization of indole skeletons. We hope this review would help to develop new and more efficient protocols for the synthesis of indole‐included N‐heterocycles.magnified image
Azo‐Bridged Cesium Salt of Phenolate/Triazolide as an Unprecedented Carboxylation Catalyst for 1,3‐Disubtituted Ureas from CO2 and Amines
Authors: Truong Cong Chien , Tran Anh Vy , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Baek Jayeon , Kim Yong Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe azo‐bridged cesium salt of phenolate/triazolide (IUPAC name: cesium salt of 4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylazo)‐phenol) (2a, ABC‐PT) is successfully prepared from the equimolar neutralization of corresponding precursor, 4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylazo)‐phenol with Cs2CO3, and is characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and NMR. This compound is applied as a highly active catalyst for the direct synthesis of 1,3‐disubstituted urea as well as polyureas with high yield and selectivity from various amines and CO2. It is observed that the high activity of the prepared catalyst is associated with the synergistic effect of azo linkage as well as azolide and phenolate group in the structure of the compound, which act as CO2‐philic moieties due to their resonance structures. These explain the high stability against water and air, thus resulting in an unprecedented turnover frequency value of 858 h−1 in the carboxylation reaction. In addition, the catalyst is found to be thermally stable and retains its original activity after recycling four times.
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Modified with Au Nanoparticles as High Conductivity and High Activity Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Qiao Hui , Liu Huating , Huang Zongyu , Ma Qian , Luo Siwei , Li Jun , Liu Yundan , Zhong Jianxin , Qi Xiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs a unique monoelemental 2D material, black phosphorus (BP) has attracted great research interest in the field of electrocatalytic oxygen release due to its special electronic structure and satisfactory catalytic activity. However, the limited catalytic activity of BP nanosheets limits its practical application. Here, a one‐pot hot solution method is used to synthesize a mixed‐dimensional hybrid of BP nanosheets loaded with Au nanoparticles (BP/Au). The electrochemical test results show the BP/Au exhibits excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance with an ultra‐low onset potential (1.36 V) and Tafel slope (68.1 mV dec−1). The first‐principles calculation results further support the experimental results, in which the loading of Au nanoparticles realizes the transition of BP from the semiconductor phase to the metal phase, which makes the BP/Au exhibit faster carrier mobility. The BP/Au also exhibits a Gibbs free energy closer to the optimal value of the OER. This is because Au nanoparticles can inject free electrons unto the surface of BP and realize the coupling effect between the local semiconductor and metal, thereby effectively improving the carrier mobility and catalytic activity. This work fully confirms that the BP/Au is a suitable candidate for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution, and provides effective strategies for constructing efficient electrocatalysts.
“All the problems in the community are multifaceted and related to each other”: Inuit concerns in an era of climate change
Authors: Ready Elspeth , Collings Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveHuman dimensions of climate change research in the Arctic often proposes ways for local communities to adapt to changes to their environment, foregrounding problems posed by climate change while treating social, political, and economic factors as background conditions. We explore the relevance of this research paradigm for Inuit by examining how Inuit from Kangiqsujuaq present and discuss the major issues facing their community.MethodsWe thematically code and analyze the responses of 107 Inuit to three free‐response questions about the problems facing their community and the best things about their community. The data were collected as part of a questionnaire for a project focused on food security and food sharing conducted in Kangiqsujuaq, Nunavik, in 2013 to 2014.ResultsFew respondents mentioned issues relating to climate change among the most pressing problems faced by their community. Rather, a suite of interconnected social and economic issues, particularly substance abuse and the cost of living, emerged as the main concerns of Kangiqsujuarmiut. However, the environment was a central theme in respondents' favorite thing about their community.ConclusionsIn light of the concerns identified by Inuit, we argue that much research on climate change makes incorrect a priori assumptions and consequently fails to capture aspects of Arctic socioecological systems that are essential for how Inuit are responding to climate change. An inductive, open‐ended approach can help produce research more relevant to communities.
Large Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Cages: The Isolation of Functionalized POSS with an Unprecedented Si18O27 Core
Authors: Laird Mathilde , Herrmann Niklas , Ramsahye Naseem , Totée Cédric , Carcel Carole , Unno Masafumi , Bartlett John R. , Wong Chi Man Michel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of organo‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS, (R‐SiO1.5)n, Tn) is an area of significant activity. To date, T14 is the largest such cage synthesized and isolated as a single isomer. Herein, we report an unprecedented, single‐isomer styryl‐functionalized T18 POSS. Unambiguously identified among nine possible isomers by multinuclear solution NMR (1H, 13C, and 29Si), MALDI‐MS, FTIR, and computational studies, this is the largest single‐isomer functionalized Tn compound isolated to date. A ring‐strain model was developed to correlate the 29Si resonances with the number of 6‐, 5‐, and/or 4‐Si‐atom rings that each non‐equivalent Si atom is part of. The model successfully predicts the speciation of non‐equivalent Si atoms in other families of Tn compounds, demonstrating its general applicability for assigning 29Si resonances to Si atoms in cage silsesquioxanes and providing a useful tool for predicting Si‐atom environments.
Catalyst‐Controlled Regiodivergent C−H Alkynylation of Thiophenes**
Authors: Mondal Arup , van Gemmeren Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlkynes are highly attractive motifs in organic synthesis due to their presence in natural products and bioactive molecules as well as their versatility in a plethora of subsequent transformations. A common procedure to insert alkynes into (hetero)arenes, such as the thiophenes studied herein, consists of a halogenation followed by a Sonogashira cross‐coupling. The regioselectivity of this approach depends entirely on the halogenation step. Similarly, direct alkynylations of thiophenes have been described that follow the same regioselectivity patterns. Herein we report the development of a palladium catalyzed C−H activation/alkynylation of thiophenes. The method is applicable to a broad range of thiophene substrates. For 3‐substituted substrates where controlling the regioselectivity between the C2 and C5 position is particularly challenging, two sets of reaction conditions enable a regiodivergent reaction, giving access to each regioisomer selectively. Both protocols use the thiophene as limiting reagent and show a broad scope, rendering our method suitable for late‐stage modification.
Prognose des Verbrauchs grauer Energie über die Lebensdauer von Gebäuden
Authors: Zimmermann Josef , Reiser Maximilian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDas Bauen in Städten und Ballungsräumen gehört weltweit zu den größten Ressourcenverbrauchern. Das Gebäudeenergiegesetz (GEG) in Deutschland stellt Anforderungen an den energetischen Standard für den Neubau. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Reduktion des Primärenergiebedarfs für die Wärmeversorgung im Betrieb. Die erforderliche nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (graue Energie) der in Gebäuden eingesetzten Materialien und der damit einhergehende Ressourcenverbrauch ist jedoch zusätzlich zu beachten. Die bei der Errichtung von Gebäuden umgesetzte graue Energie wurde bereits vielfach untersucht und beschrieben. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der anfallenden grauen Energie über den gesamten Lebenszyklus von Immobilien. Insbesondere werden die Aufwendungen nach der Errichtung für Instandsetzung und Entsorgung untersucht. Hierzu wird ein Prognosemodell auf Basis der Methodik der Standardraumstrukturen von Kornblum und Greitemann entwickelt und auf das Beispiel einer Wohnimmobilie angewandt.
Ermüdungscharakteristika eines hochfesten Betons bei sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen
Authors: Willers Kerstin , Gerlach Lutz , Herrmann Nico , Dehn Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBei zyklisch beanspruchten Betontragwerken besteht die Herausforderung, die Nutzungsdauer zunehmend filigraner Baustrukturen und vorgespannter Systeme mit sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen N > 107 bemessungstechnisch abzusichern. Dies erfordert technische Spezifikationen, die unter Berücksichtigung eines hinreichend genauen Materialverständnisses das Ermüdungsverhalten unter sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen realitätsnah abbilden. Die derzeitigen Bemessungsgrundlagen in Form von Wöhlerlinien beschränken sich für Betonbauteile bisher auf versuchstechnisch verifizierte Lastwechselzahlen bis N = 107. Durch die Entwicklung einer gezielt zum Schwingen anregbaren Versuchsvorrichtung war es am IMB/MPA Karlsruhe des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) möglich, erste Versuche an einem hochfesten Beton C120 unter Nutzung eines Hochfrequenzpulsators zur Erzeugung von Druckschwellbeanspruchungen durchzuführen. Der Beitrag fasst die Untersuchungsergebnisse zusammen und weist auf weitergehende thematische Fragestellungen bezüglich des Ermüdungsverhaltens von Beton unter sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen hin.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of an Advanced Intermediate of (+)‐Sarain A
Authors: Hu Xiu‐Ning , Wu Dong‐Ping , Xu Ye‐Peng , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of an advanced intermediate of (+)‐sarain A was achieved. This approach featured the employment of an organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition reaction and a nitrogen‐to‐carbon chirality transfer to forge three chiral centers, as well as a catalytic hydrosilylation for the chemoselective reduction of a key lactam intermediate. The tricyclic intermediate contained all the required functionalities for elaborating into (+)‐sarain A.
Identification of sources of resistance to gray leaf spot in Stenotaphrum germplasm
Authors: Carbajal Esdras M. , Ma Bangya , Zuleta M. Carolina , Reynolds W. Casey , Arellano Consuelo , Tredway Lane P. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSt. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] is a popular warm‐season turfgrass in the southern United States. Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, is one of the major diseases in St. Augustinegrass. Although previous studies have reported polyploid lines with resistance to GLS, no comprehensive evaluations of sources of resistance have been performed in the genus. Such evaluations will enable breeders to identify resistant parents for cultivar development. In this study, 58 genotypes of St. Augustinegrass and two genotypes of pembagrass [Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn.] were screened for resistance to three different P. oryzae sources of inoculum under controlled environmental conditions. The parameters evaluated were incubation period, number of leaves with lesions, mean lesion length, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and area under the lesion expansion curve (AULEC). Significant differences among genotypes were identified. Polyploid genotypes PI 365031, PI 290888, PI 300129, PI 300130, and cultivar ‘FX‐10’ and diploid genotype PI 410353 consistently showed high levels of resistance across trials, inoculum sources, and parameters. The identification of resistance genes in diploid genotypes is of great importance for future St. Augustinegrass breeding efforts, as this germplasm pool can be more readily exploited because of the lack of reproductive barriers with most commercial cultivars and plant introductions.
Cognitive improvement following weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Hemmingsen Simone Daugaard , Wesselhoeft Rikke , Lichtenstein Mia Beck , Sjögren Jan Magnus , Støving René Klinkby 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with cognitive impairment. While re‐nutrition is one of the main treatment targets, the effect on cognitive impairments is unclear. The aim of this review was to examine whether cognitive functions improve after weight gain in patients with AN.MethodA systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42019081993). Literature searches were conducted May 20th, 2019 in PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library. Pairs of reviewers screened reports independently based on titles/abstracts (N = 6539) and full texts (N = 378). Furthermore, they assessed the quality of reports, including whether practice effects were accounted for.ResultsTwenty‐four longitudinal reports were included featuring 757 patients and 419 healthy controls. Six studies examined children and adolescents. Four out of four studies found processing speed to improve above and beyond what could be assigned to practice effects and three out of four studies found that cognitive flexibility was unaffected after weight gain in children and adolescents. Results from studies of adults were inconclusive.DiscussionThe literature on cognitive change in patients with AN following weight gain is sparse. Preliminary conclusions can be made only for children and adolescents, where weight gain appeared to be associated with improved processing speed.
A novel method for network traffic classification based on robust support vector machine
Authors: Qu Hua , Jiang Jie , Zhao Jihong , Zhang Yanpeng , Yang Jinli 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe increasing demand for high‐speed transmission and traffic classification has been widely applied for network resource management, quality of service, dynamic access control, and others. Some normal machine learning algorithms for network traffic classification are becoming obsolete, as the increasing deployment of encryption in protocols and dynamic ports, as well as some new technology are available, such as HTML5 protocols and HTTP adaptive streaming in video traffic. This article presents a novel classification algorithm for video traffic. We produce a new video traffic dataset and propose an original parameter adaptive algorithm for robust support vector machine with a fuzzy membership function. The results show that the proposed model is an effective alternative to be applied in actual network environment.
Enabling security for the Industrial Internet of Things using deep learning, blockchain, and coalitions
Authors: Sharma Mehul , Pant Shrid , Kumar Sharma Deepak , Datta Gupta Koyel , Vashishth Vidushi , Chhabra Anshuman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn a wireless Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network, enforcing security is a challenge due to the large number of devices forming the network and their limited computation capabilities. Furthermore, different security attacks require specifically tailored security protocols to prevent their occurrence. As an alternative to these conventional centralized security protocols, the application of Blockchain (BC) and Deep learning (DL) for securing IIoT networks hold great potential. BC facilitates security by being an immutable record of the changes happening in a network. Coalition Formation theory aids decentralization and promotes energy efficiency. And to enforce a state‐of‐the‐art attack detection technique, Deep learning provides an adaptive and reliable platform. Thus, in this paper, a security framework that facilitates generalized security for the IIoT network using BC and Coalition Formation theory is proposed. Additionally, we promote a sophisticated deep learning‐based classification algorithm to efficiently classify malicious and benign devices in IIoT scenarios. In the proposed model, connection links can only be established if the details of the connection are mined on the BC by the “sender” device. Therefore, we propose a Proof of Reliance algorithm that dynamically increases the computational difficulty to prevent malicious devices from attacking the network. Through simulations, it is experimentally proven that malicious devices can never attack the network when the proposed framework is employed for IIoT security.
Thermohydraulic and entropy characteristics of Al2O3‐water nanofluid in a ribbed interrupted microchannel heat exchanger
Authors: Adio Saheed A. , Alo Timothy A. , Olagoke Ridwan O. , Olalere Adedotun E. , Veeredhi Vasudeva Rao , Ewim Daniel R. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, an interrupted microchannel heat sink with rib turbulators was studied for its thermohydraulic effectiveness and entropy generation in a compact space. The rib edges are modified to enhance the overall functioning of the system by reducing the pressure drop. The working fluid used was Al2O3‐water nanofluid, and increasing the Reynolds number and nanoparticle concentration triggered a reduction in the heat sink's maximum temperature. These also offer a decrease in resistance to heat transfer, and there is an improvement in the evenness of the temperature of the interrupted microchannel heat sink, as regions with the likelihood of hot spot reduced drastically. At Re = 100, increasing the nanoparticle concentration from 0% to 4% enhanced the heat transfer coefficient by 38.41% for the interrupted microchannel heat sink‐base (IMCH‐B) configuration. Under similar conditions, the convective heat transfer coefficient for the interrupted microchannel heat sink‐fillet (IMCH‐F) increased by 43.69%. Furthermore, at 0.5% concentration, changing the Reynolds number from 100 to 700 augmented the heat transfer coefficient by 70.65%. Thus, the maximum temperature of the substrate's bottom surface was reduced by 53.83°C when the system was operated at Re = 700 and nanoparticle concentration of 4%. The IMCH‐C also showed relatively close results at all observed volume fractions. For the IMCH‐C, the maximum temperature of the bottom surface was reduced by 41.98°C at Re = 700 when compared with Re = 100% and 4% concentration. Although at high Reynolds numbers and concentrations, the pressure drops are higher, the performance enhancement criteria prove that the nanofluid is superior to water and the edge modifications show significant performance improvement. More importantly, the IMCH‐F heat sink showed the optimum performance based on the performance evaluation criteria at Re = 300 and (ie, at this point, the heat transfer coefficient is maximum and the pressure drop is minimum). On the other hand, the optimal thermodynamic performance was observed at Re = 700 and . The numerical results demonstrated a potential way to exploit nano‐suspensions for thermal applications, especially for high‐energy flux systems with compact space constraints.
Constructal design of flat tubes cooled by natural convection
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Waheed , Suffer Kadhim H. , Filaih Ameer B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA set of vertical flat tubes cooled by natural convection and placed in a finite size space is designed based on the constructal law. The constraint in this design is the size of the space where the tubes are placed. The freedom inside the space is the distance between the tubes. When the constructal law is applied, the optimal distance between the tubes is determined. Rayleigh numbers are taken as (Ra = 103, 104, and 105). The dimensionless tube diameter (tube diameter/tube height) is changed from (D* = 0.2) to (D* = 1) (circular tube). All the tubes are heated to the same wall temperature. The air used to cool the tubes has a Prandtl number (Pr = 0.72). The equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy for steady, two‐dimensional, and incompressible flow are solved by the finite volume method. The result showed that the best or optimal distance at a given Rayleigh number remains constant for all tube diameters. The result also showed that the number of the small diameter tubes must be more than the number of the large‐diameter tubes for the same Rayleigh number and the same size of the space to make the heat flow from the tubes to the coolant easier.