bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of lawsuits related to diagnostic errors from point-of-care ultrasound in internal medicine, paediatrics, family medicine and critical care in the USA
Authors: Reaume Michael , Farishta Mehdi , Costello Joseph A , Gibb Tyler , Melgar Thomas A 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the extent of diagnostic error lawsuits related to point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in internal medicine, paediatrics, family medicine and critical care, of which little is known.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of the Westlaw legal database for indexed state and federal lawsuits involving the diagnostic use of POCUS in internal medicine, paediatrics, family medicine and critical care. Retrieved cases were reviewed independently by three physicians to identify cases relevant to our study objective. A lawyer secondarily reviewed any cases with discrepancies between the three reviewers.ResultsOur search criteria returned 131 total cases. Ultrasound was mentioned in relation to the lawsuit claim in 70 of the cases returned. In these cases, the majority were formal ultrasounds performed and reviewed by the radiology department, echocardiography studies performed by cardiologists or obstetrical ultrasounds. There were no cases of internal medicine, paediatrics, family medicine or critical care physicians being subjected to adverse legal action for their diagnostic use of POCUS.ConclusionOur results suggest that concerns regarding the potential for lawsuits related to POCUS in the fields of internal medicine, paediatrics, family medicine and critical care are not substantiated by indexed state and federal filed lawsuits.
Factors associated with interest in bacterial sexually transmitted infection vaccines at two large sexually transmitted infection clinics in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Plotnikoff Kara M , Ogilvie Gina Suzanne , Smith Laurie , Donken Robine , Pedersen Heather Nicole , Samji Hasina , Grennan Troy 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo explore sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic client attitudes and preferences towards STI vaccines and STI vaccine programming in an urban clinic setting.MethodsA 31-item questionnaire was administered during check-in by clinic clerical staff at two STI clinics in Vancouver, Canada. Demographic characteristics and preferences were summarised descriptively. Multivariable logistic regression models to assess factors associated with STI vaccine interest (reported as ORs) were constructed using a priori clinically relevant variables and factors significant at p≤0.05 in bivariate analysis.Results293 surveys were included in analysis. 71.3% of respondents identified as male, 80.5% had college level education or higher and 52.9% identified as white/of European descent. The median age was 33. 86.5% of respondents reported they would be interested in receiving an STI vaccine, with a primary motivator to protect oneself. Bivariate analysis indicated several factors associated with vaccine interest, with differences for each infection. After adjusting for other variables, willingness to pay for an STI vaccine (OR=3.83, 95% CI 1.29 to 11.38, p=0.02) remained a significant factor for syphilis vaccine interest and intent to engage in future positive health behaviours remained a significant factor for chlamydia (OR=5.94, 95% CI 1.56 to 22.60, p=0.01) and gonorrhoea (OR=5.13, 95% CI 1.45 to 18.07, p=0.01) vaccine interest.ConclusionRespondents expressed a strong willingness to receive STI vaccines. These valuable findings will inform for eventual STI vaccine programme planning and implementation.
Mining High-utility Temporal Patterns on Time Interval–based Data
Authors: Wang Jun-Zhe , Chen Yi-Cheng , Shih Wen-Yueh , Yang Lin , Liu Yu-Shao , Huang Jiun-Long 
Published: May 2020

In this article, we propose a novel temporal pattern mining problem, named
high-utility temporal pattern mining
, to fulfill the needs of various applications. Different from classical temporal pattern mining aimed at discovering frequent temporal patterns, high-utility temporal pattern mining is to find each temporal pattern whose utility is greater than or equal to the minimum-utility threshold. To facilitate efficient high-utility temporal pattern mining, several extension and pruning strategies are proposed to reduce the search space. Algorithm HUTPMiner is then proposed to efficiently mine high-utility temporal patterns with the aid of the proposed extension and pruning strategies. Experimental results show that HUTPMiner is able to prune a large number of candidates, thereby achieving high mining efficiency.
Additional description of the Algae Hydroid Thyroscyphus ramosus (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata: Thyroscyphidae) from Palk Bay, India with insights into its ecology and genetic structure
Authors: G. Arun  , R. Rajaram  , K. Kaleshkumar  
Published: May 2020

The Algae hydroid Thyroscyphus ramosus of the Indian subcontinent is the most easily recognizable fleshy colonial hydroid playing a vital role in benthic communities. Though this fauna is abundant, it has remained unexplored for the past nine decades in India. This study provides a detailed report of the morphology, ecology and geographical locations of T. ramosus. Morphological traits such as maximum height, gonophore, and theca twist directions were studied in detail. The molecular biological data confirms the identity of T. ramosus and its abundance in Palk Bay, India. Important molecular markers such as 18S, 16S rRNA sequences of T. ramosus were analyzed and compared with similar species in NCBI. Using 18S sequence data, it is proven that T. ramosus is a distinct and valid species, however, interestingly the 16S rRNA forms clades with other species of the same genera (T. fruticosus and T. bedoti) rather than the same species. Moreover the mtCOI forms a different clade with other genera. Furthermore, these data may enhance the advancement of identification in non-monophyletic conditions.
Mammalian fauna in an urban influenced zone of Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha, India
Authors: Debata Subrat , Swain Kedar Kumar 
Published: May 2020

A camera trapping survey to estimate the species richness and relative abundance of different mammalian fauna and various anthropogenic activities was carried out for four months within an urban influenced zone of Chandaka-Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha. The survey extended over 120 days in January–April 2019 over 10% of the total sanctuary area. With nine cameras and a total effort of 771 trap days, 2,855 independent photographs including 14 species of wild mammals and birds, human traffic, and movement of stray animals were captured. Among the mammalian fauna, Golden Jackal was the most photographed species whereas the Asian Elephant, Striped Hyaena, and Common Palm Civet were the least photographed species. Various anthropogenic activities like intensive movement of departmental vehicles, staff, feral livestock, and stray dogs and cats were also recorded and these activities need to be addressed in management activities for long term conservation of the area and its mammalian fauna. In order to enhance biological connectivity and improve movement of wildlife between the main part of the Chandaka Sanctuary and its near-detached reserved forests in Jagannathprasad-Bharatpur, the study recommends removal of feral cattle, extensive plantations, and construction of a fly-over for vehicular traffic.
An observation of homosexual fellatio in the Indian Flying Fox Pteropus medius (Temminck, 1825) (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)
Authors: Sundar K.S. Gopi , Kittur Swati 
Published: May 2020

Sexual behaviours and especially homosexual interactions are poorly documented in the Indian Flying fox Pteropus medius (formerly P. giganteus). Here we describe one observation of homosexual behaviour from Rajasthan, India.
African Identity, Cultural Knowledge and the Imperative of Endogenous Development for Africa
Authors: Olatunji Felix O. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The search for knowledge is a fact of any human society in the quest for development, as it is in the nature of human species to do so. This is geared towards humanisation of the society in the attainment of positive social change, which cannot be realised without adequate and informed knowledge from the culture of the people. This form of knowledge is seen from the identity of the people, focusing on the social change of their society. The creation of a national consciousness is a crucial component of the society as it (consciousness) presupposes identity, seen as the heart of any culture that motivates the collective common goal of the people. This paper, using the analytic methodology in the philosophical discipline, therefore argues that the acceptance of cultural knowledge from the platform of its identity in the quest for development in Africa is a conditio sine qua non.
From Paideia to Humanitas: Template for Cultural Development in Africa
Authors: Adesina Kenneth Adewole 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The movement from Greek paideia to Roman humanitas gives a clue into how the ancients conceived of the goals of the state and the means adopted to prepare citizens for the attainment of such goals. In these two ancient educational practices, evidences of how they conceived of the challenges of their time were found, as the formative ideals proposed to prepare citizens for the challenges and their ambiental peculiarities. The process, understanding and intricacies of this movement cannot but strike the curiosity of the modern African, whose educational ideals were laid on them, but whose practice of education is progressively moving away from them. Hence, the contemporary society needs to learn from the practice of ancient formation, which will create a bridge that happily adopts ancient values that can be of great assistance and serve as a template for authentic cultural development in Africa.
Africa’s Crisis of Social and Political Order and the Significance of Ubuntu Human Values for Peace and Development
Authors: Ujomu Philip Ogochukwu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Social life across the African continent is largely threatened by intolerance, injustice, lack of equal opportunity, inequity in resource distribution, lack of compassion, unfair treatment and disrespect for others’ rights, as well as compromising intrusion of ethnicity, corruption, terrorism and religion into affairs of the state. So, Africans largely struggle with the political problem of building and sustaining societies and institutions that can be civil and compliant to the rule of law. There exists an African problem of political justice (obedience to constitutional and procedural law and order) and social justice (fair treatment and equal opportunities). Disorder and parochialism in a sociopolitical system are mainly instigated by inefficiency and over-politicization of major developmental institutions. We recommend some human values of Ubuntu such as mutual respect, cooperation for the common good and the pursuit of reconciliation as pillars for stable and viable political and social order across most parts of Africa.
Youth Vulnerability and the Challenge of Human Development in Africa
Authors: Michael Paul K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper offers a philosophical response to an aspect of the youth question in Africa – the question of youth vulnerability and its consequences on the human development outcome. To achieve the desired goal, first, I stretch the concept of pathogenic vulnerability from being more than ordinarily vulnerable to being far more than ordinarily vulnerable. Second, I identify two elements of African cultural structure – primacy of community over the individual and the belief that elders always possess superior knowledge over the youth – that influence and restrict capacity/capabilities in African youth and therefore make their transition to adulthood defective. Consequently, the African youth is deprived of the special opportunity to develop, encounter and explore the various character options from which he/she learns, selects and forms her identity. Third, I argue that these restraints of capacity/capabilities make African youths far more than ordinarily vulnerable to human development outcome.
Impact of Refractivity Profiles from a Proposed GNSS-RO Constellation on Tropical Cyclone Forecasts in a Global Modeling System
Authors: Mueller Michael J. , Kren Andrew C. , Cucurull Lidia , Casey Sean P. F. , Hoffman Ross N. , Atlas Robert , Peevey Tanya R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A global observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) was used to assess the potential impact of a proposed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) constellation on tropical cyclone (TC) track, maximum 10-m wind speed (Vmax), and integrated kinetic energy (IKE) forecasts. The OSSE system was based on the 7-km NASA nature run and simulated RO refractivity determined by the spatial distribution of observations from the original planned (i.e., including both equatorial and polar orbits) Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2). Data were assimilated using the NOAA operational weather analysis and forecasting system. Three experiments generated global TC track, Vmax, and IKE forecasts over 6 weeks of the North Atlantic hurricane season in the North Atlantic, east Pacific, and west Pacific basins. Confidence in our results was bolstered because track forecast errors were similar to those of official National Hurricane Center forecasts, and Vmax errors and IKE errors showed similar results. GNSS-RO assimilation did not significantly impact global track forecasts, but did slightly degrade Vmax and IKE forecasts in the first 30–60 h of lead time. Global forecast error statistics show adding or excluding explicit random errors to RO profiles made little difference to forecasts. There was large forecast-to-forecast variability in RO impact. For two cases studied in depth, track and Vmax improvements and degradations were traced backward through the previous 24 h of assimilation cycles. The largest Vmax degradation was traced to particularly good control analyses rather than poor analyses caused by GNSS-RO.
Prediction of Malignancy in Salivary Gland Tumors by a New Cytology Reporting System
Authors: Lee Doh Young , Song Seulki , Yang Seung Koo , Lee Min Hyung , Kim Ji Eun , Jung Young Ho , Kwon Tack-Kyun 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of malignancy in salivary gland tumors on the basis of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the charts of patients with salivary gland tumors in whom the final diagnosis was confirmed by surgical excision. Preoperative fine needle aspiration results were categorized according to the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: non-diagnostic (category I), nonneoplastic (category II), atypia of undetermined significance (category III), neoplasm (category IV), suspicious for malignancy (category V), and malignant (category VI). Fine needle aspiration and final diagnosis were compared, and the risk of malignancy and operative/oncological outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 288 patients were enrolled in this study. Postoperative histopathologic salivary gland malignancies were found in 30 (10.4%) patients. Risk of malignancy was 7.1%, 0%, 48.0%, 4.8%, 88.7%, and 100% in categories I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, respectively. The most common malignant tumor in category III was salivary duct carcinoma (37.5%), followed by acinic cell carcinoma (25.0%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (25.0%), and squamous cell carcinoma (12.5%). The 5-year survival rate of patients with malignant tumors showed no statistical difference between category III and category V/VI ( P = .140). Risk of malignancy was 88.9% and 100% in category V and VI, respectively. Conclusions: A half of atypia of undetermined significance (category III) cases were malignant. Once diagnosed, the prognosis of malignant tumor in category III was similar with that in category V/VI.
SimTube: A National Simulation Training and Research Project
Authors: Wiet Gregory J. , Deutsch Ellen S. , Malekzadeh Sonya , Onwuka Amanda J. , Callender Nathan W. , Seidman Michael D. , Fried Marvin P. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo test the feasibility and impact of a simulation training program for myringotomy and tube (M&T) placement.Study DesignProspective randomized controlled.SettingMulti‐institutional.Subjects and MethodsAn M&T simulator was used to assess the impact of simulation training vs no simulation training on the rate of achieving competency. Novice trainees were assessed using posttest simulator Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) scores, OSATS score for initial intraoperative tube insertion, and number of procedures to obtain competency. The effect of simulation training was analyzed using χ2 tests, Wilcoxon‐Mann‐Whitney tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsA total of 101 residents and 105 raters from 65 institutions were enrolled; however, just 63 residents had sufficient data to be analyzed due to substantial breaches in protocol. There was no difference in simulator pretest scores between intervention and control groups; however, the intervention group had better OSATS global scores on the simulator (17.4 vs 13.7, P =. 0003) and OSATS task scores on the simulator (4.5 vs 3.6, P =. 02). No difference in OSATS scores was observed during initial live surgery rating (P =. 73 and P =. 41). OSATS scores were predictive of the rate at which residents achieved competence in performing myringotomy; however, the intervention was not associated with subsequent OSATS scores during live surgeries (P =. 44 and P =. 91) or the rate of achieving competence (P =. 16).ConclusionsA multi‐institutional simulation study is feasible. Novices trained using the M&T simulator achieved higher scores on simulator but not initial intraoperative OSATS, and they did not reach competency sooner than those not trained on the simulator.
Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses Published in High‐Impact Otolaryngology Journals
Authors: Martinez‐Monedero Rodrigo , Danielian Arman , Angajala Varun , Dinalo Jennifer E. , Kezirian Eric J. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the methodological quality of intervention‐focused systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‐analyses (MAs) published in high‐impact otolaryngology journals.Data SourcesOvid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library.Review MethodsA comprehensive search was performed for SR and MA citations from 2012 to 2017 in the 10 highest impact factor otolaryngology journals. Abstracts were screened to identify published manuscripts in which the authors indicated clearly that they were performing an SR or MA. Applying a modified typology of reviews, 4 reviewers characterized the review type as SR, MA, or another review type. A simplified version of the AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2) tool was used to assess the reporting and methodological quality of the SRs and MAs that were focused on interventions.ResultsSearch and abstract screening generated 499 manuscripts that identified themselves as performing an SR or MA. A substantial number (85/499, 17%) were review types other than SRs or MAs, including 34 (7%) that were literature reviews. In total, 236 SRs and MAs focused on interventions. Over 50% of these SRs and MAs had weaknesses in at least 3 of the 16 items in the AMSTAR 2, and over 40% had weaknesses in at least 2 of the 7 critical domains. Ninety‐nine percent of SRs and MAs provided critically low confidence in the results of the reviews.ConclusionIntervention‐focused SRs and MAs published in high‐impact otolaryngology journals have important methodological limitations that diminish confidence in the results of these reviews.
Psychological Status as an Effect Modifier of the Association Between Sinonasal Instrument and Imaging Results
Authors: Zhou Allen S. , Prince Anthony A. , Maxfield Alice Z. , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2020

Objective:To determine whether psychological status is an effect modifier of the previously observed low discriminatory capacity of Sinonasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) scores for Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) results.Study Design:Observational outcomes study.Setting:Tertiary care center.Subjects and Methods:We assessed patients presenting with chronic sinonasal complaints who underwent CT of the sinuses within 1 month of completing the SNOT‐22 instrument. SNOT‐22 overall and domain scores were calculated, as were Lund‐Mackay CT scores. The discriminatory capacity of SNOT‐22 scores for CT results was determined using the receiver‐operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC‐AUC). Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) mental health T‐scores were assessed, and stratified analyses were used to test for effect modification by psychological status.Results:In stratified analyses, patients with better PROMIS mental health scores had SNOT‐22 overall (ROC‐AUC 0.96) and nasal domain scores (ROC‐AUC 0.97‐0.98) that were highly discriminatory for Lund‐Mackay scores, while those with worse mental health scores did not (ROC‐AUC 0.42‐0.55, P <. 007). Patients with better SNOT‐22 psychological domain scores also had nasal scores that discriminated among CT results significantly better than those with worse psychological domain scores (ROC‐AUC 0.65‐0.69 and 0.34‐0.35, respectively, P <. 013).Conclusions:Psychological status is an effect modifier of the relationship between SNOT‐22 and Lund‐Mackay scores. SNOT‐22 scores were discriminatory for Lund‐Mackay CT results in patients with better psychological status, while they were nondiscriminatory in those with worse psychological status. When assessing the relationship between subjective and objective measures of chronic rhinosinusitis, accounting for effect modification may have practical utility.
Role of the Rapid Response System in End-of-Life Care Decisions
Authors: Kim Jung Soo , Lee Man Jong , Park Mi Hwa , Park Jae Yoen , Kim Ah Jin 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: An important role of the rapid response system (RRS) is to provide opportunities for end-of-life care (EOLC) decisions to be appropriately operationalized. We investigated whether EOLC decisions were made after the RRS-recommended EOLC decision to the primary physician. Materials and Methods: We studied whether patients made EOLC decisions consistent with the rapid response team’s (RRT) recommendations, between January 1, 2017, and February 28, 2019. The primary outcome was the EOLC decision after the RRT’s recommendation to the primary physician. The secondary outcome was the mechanism of EOLC decision-making: through institutional do-not-resuscitate forms or the Korean legal forms of Life-Sustaining Treatment Plan (LSTP). Results: Korean LSTPs were used in 26 of the 58 patients who selected EOLC, from among the 75 patients for whom the RRS made an EOLC recommendation. Approximately 7.2% of EOLC decisions for inpatients were related to the RRT’s interventions in EOLC decisions. Patients who made EOLC decisions did not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, or dialysis. Conclusion: The timely intervention of the RRS in EOLC facilitates an objective assessment of the patient’s medical conditions, the limitation of treatments that may be minimally beneficial to the patient, and the choice of a higher quality of care. The EOLC decision using the legal process defined in the relevant Korean Act has advantages, wherein patients can clarify their preference, the family can prioritize the patient’s preference for EOLC decisions, and physicians can make transparent EOLC decisions based on medical evidence and informed patient consent.