bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymph node metastatic patterns and its clinical significance for thoracic superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang An , Lu Lu , Fan Jie , Wang Shaohua , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives
The optimal therapeutic method for patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (sESCC) remains to be established.

Methods
Clinical data of all the patients from 2002 to 2014 who underwent curative esophagectomy and three-field lymphadenectomy for thoracic sESCC were collected based on a prospectively-maintained database. The pattern of lymph node metastasis was analyzed based on the depth of tumor invasion, tumor location and surgical fields.

Results
The involved lymph node region was associated to the tumor location, however, upper mediastinal and perigastric region was the most vulnerable region. The incidence of lymph node metastasis increased with the depth of tumor invasion. No lymph node involvement was found in tumors invading proper mucosa (M2), while the pattern of positive lymph nodes in tumors invading the deepest 1/3 submucosa was similar to that in advanced ESCC. Lymphatic invasion, tumor location and upper mediastinal lymph node involvement were independent predictors for cervical lymph node metastasis. For patients without lymphatic invasion, the positive predictive value of upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis for positive cervical lymph node was low (0 ~ 25%), while the negative predictive value was extremely high, wherever the tumor located (93.8 ~ 100%).

Conclusions
Tumors invading till proper mucosa was the best indication for endoscopic mucosa resection. Mediastinal-abdominal lymphadenectomy was essential for sESCC invading beyond proper mucosa. For those without lymphatic invasion, cervical lymphadenectomy might be avoided in case of negative upper mediastinal lymph node.
Guidelines for diagnosis and management of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Trang Ha , Samuels Martin , Ceccherini Isabella , Frerick Matthias , Garcia-Teresa Maria Angeles , Peters Jochen , Schoeber Johannes , Migdal Marek , Markstrom Agneta , Ottonello Giancarlo , Piumelli Raffaele , Estevao Maria Helena , Senecic-Cala Irena , Gnidovec-Strazisar Barbara , Pfleger Andreas , Porto-Abal Raquel , Katz-Salamon Miriam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a rare condition characterized by an alveolar hypoventilation due to a deficient autonomic central control of ventilation and a global autonomic dysfunction. Paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) mutations are found in most of the patients with CCHS. In recent years, the condition has evolved from a life-threatening neonatal onset disorder to include broader and milder clinical presentations, affecting children, adults and families. Genes other than PHOX2B have been found responsible for CCHS in rare cases and there are as yet other unknown genes that may account for the disease. At present, management relies on lifelong ventilatory support and close follow up of dysautonomic progression.BodyThis paper provides a state-of-the-art comprehensive description of CCHS and of the components of diagnostic evaluation and multi-disciplinary management, as well as considerations for future research.ConclusionAwareness and knowledge of the diagnosis and management of this rare disease should be brought to a large health community including adult physicians and health carers.
NUCKS promotes cell proliferation and suppresses autophagy through the mTOR-Beclin1 pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Erhu , Feng Liying , Bai Longchang , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate (NUCKS), a novel gene first reported in 2001, is a member of the high mobility group (HMG) family. Although very little is known regarding the biological roles of NUCKS, emerging clinical evidence suggests that the NUCKS protein can be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target in various human ailments, including several types of cancer.

Methods
We first assessed the potential correlation between NUCKS expression and gastric cancer prognosis. Then functional experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of NUCKS in cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, the roles of NUCKS on gastric cancer were examined in vivo.

Results
We found that NUCKS was overexpressed in gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis. Through manipulating NUCKS expression, it was observed to be positively associated with cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. NUCKS knockdown could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Then further investigation indicated that NUCKS knockdown could also significantly induce a marked increase in autophagy though the mTOR-Beclin1 pathway, which could be was rescued by NUCKS restoration. Moreover, silencing Beclin1 in NUCKS knockdown cells or adding rapamycin in NUCKS-overexpressed cells also confirmed these results.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that NUCKS functions as an oncogene and an inhibitor of autophagy in gastric cancer. Thus, the downregulation or inhibition of NUCKS may be a potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
The effect of physiotherapy including frequent changes of body position and stimulation to physical activity for infants hospitalised with acute airway infections. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Andersson-Marforio Sonja , Lundkvist Josenby Annika , Ekvall Hansson Eva , Hansen Christine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Every year, many infants are infected with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or other agents and need hospitalisation due to bronchiolitis. The disease causes much suffering and high costs. Thus, it is important that the treatment methods are both effective and cost-efficient. The use of different physiotherapy treatment methods is debated, and not all methods are evaluated scientifically. The clinical praxis in Sweden that includes frequent changes of body position and stimulation to physical activity has not previously been evaluated. The aim of this clinical study is to evaluate this praxis.

Methods
This study is a clinical two-centre individually randomised controlled trial (RCT) with three parallel groups. The participants will be randomly assigned to an individualised physiotherapy intervention, a non-individualised intervention, or a control group. All three groups will receive the standard care at the ward, and the two intervention groups will receive additional treatment, including different movements of the body. The primary outcome measure is a clinical index based on determinants for hospitalisation. Baseline assessments will be compared with the assessments after 24 h. The secondary outcome measures include vital signs, the parents’ observations, time spent at the hospital ward, and referrals to an intensive care unit. We also want see if there is any immediate effect of the first intervention, after 20 min.

Discussion
This study will add knowledge about the effect of two physiotherapy interventions that are commonly in use in Swedish hospitals for infants with bronchiolitis or other acute lower respiratory tract infections.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03575091. Registered July 2, 2018—retrospectively registered.
“A one-size-fits-all model is not good”?: ambivalent perceptions and experiences of African immigrant parents towards Swedish sexual and reproductive health services for young people
Authors: Anyango Cartrine Nancy , Nkulu Kalengayi Faustine Kyungu , Goicolea Isabel , Linander Ida 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
Parents have a key role regarding young people’s access to sexual and reproductive health services, thus their perceptions go a long way towards promoting or discouraging young people from using such services. Research has revealed that immigrant young people in Sweden access these essential services to a lesser extent than their native peers, and that they perceive their parents as unsupportive of such visits. This pilot study’s objective was to explore immigrant parents’ perceptions and experiences of the sexual and reproductive health services provided by Swedish youth clinics.

Results
Two categories were developed from the data analysis: (i) Youth clinics are well-known (to some) and appreciated (to a certain extent), and (ii) Parents feel left out from youth clinics and that the clinics have taken over parental responsibility. This study presents an ambivalent scenario connected to immigrant parents’ experiences and perceptions of having neither a space nor a voice within the existing youth clinic model. Parents expressed the desire for the youth clinics to recognise their cultural backgrounds, norms, and beliefs while providing sexual and reproductive health services to their children.
A pediatric patient with autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy using cannabinoid extracts as complementary therapy: a case report
Authors: Ponton Juliana Andrea , Smyth Kim , Soumbasis Elias , Llanos Sergio Andres , Lewis Mark , Meerholz Wilhelm August , Tanguay Robert Lawrence 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The pharmacological treatment for autism spectrum disorders is often poorly tolerated and has traditionally targeted associated conditions, with limited benefit for the core social deficits. We describe the novel use of a cannabidiol-based extract that incidentally improved core social deficits and overall functioning in a patient with autism spectrum disorder, at a lower dose than has been previously reported in autism spectrum disorder.

Case presentation
The parents of a 15-year-old boy, of South African descent, with autism spectrum disorder, selective mutism, anxiety, and controlled epilepsy, consulted a medical cannabis physician to trial cannabis extract to replace seizure medications. Incidentally, at a very low cannabidiol-based extract dose, he experienced unanticipated positive effects on behavioral symptoms and core social deficits.

Conclusion
This case report provides evidence that a lower than previously reported dose of a phytocannabinoid in the form of a cannabidiol-based extract may be capable of aiding in autism spectrum disorder-related behavioral symptoms, core social communication abilities, and comorbid anxiety, sleep difficulties, and weight control. Further research is needed to elucidate the clinical role and underlying biological mechanisms of action of cannabidiol-based extract in patients with autism spectrum disorder.
Jackknifing for partially linear varying-coefficient errors-in-variables model with missing response at random
Authors: Zou Yuye , Wu Chengxin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on the response mean of the partially linear varying-coefficient errors-in-variables model with missing response at random. A simulation study is conducted to compare jackknife empirical likelihood method with normal approximation method in terms of coverage probabilities and average interval lengths, and a comparison of the proposed estimators is done based on their biases and mean square errors.
Exploring the regulatory roles of circular RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhao Yanfang , Liu Ying , Wang Man , Yu Wanpeng , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of covalently closed, single-stranded circular noncoding RNA that can affect the expression of many protein-coding genes. Growing evidence has shown that circRNAs play critical roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and may have therapeutic potentials for this disease. CircRNAs play regulatory roles in neural functions and neurological disorders through diverse mechanisms, including acting as microRNA sponges or interacting with proteins to regulate selective splicing or transcription, as well as through epigenetic modification. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis and functions of circRNAs and the research progress on circRNAs in AD to advance the understanding of how circRNAs contribute to this neurological disorder.
Metabolic plasticity imparts erlotinib-resistance in pancreatic cancer by upregulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: Sharma Neha , Bhushan Alok , He Jun , Kaushal Gagan , Bhardwaj Vikas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant forms of cancer. Lack of effective treatment options and drug resistance contributes to the low survival among PDAC patients. In this study, we investigated the metabolic alterations in pancreatic cancer cells that do not respond to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. We selected erlotinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cells from MiaPaCa2 and AsPC1 cell lines. Metabolic profiling of erlotinib-resistant cells revealed a significant downregulation of glycolytic activity and reduced level of glycolytic metabolites compared to the sensitive cells. The resistant cells displayed elevated expression of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes involved in ROS regulation and nucleotide biosynthesis. The enhanced PPP elevated cellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio and protected the cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. Inhibition of PPP using 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN) elevated ROS levels, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and sensitized resistant cells to erlotinib. Genetic studies identified elevated PPP enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as an important contributor to erlotinib resistance. Mechanistically, our data showed that upregulation of inhibitor of differentiation (ID1) regulates G6PD expression in resistant cells thus contributing to altered metabolic phenotype and reduced response to erlotinib. Together, our results highlight an underlying role of tumor metabolism in PDAC drug response and identify G6PD as a target to overcome drug resistance.
The conversion of formate into purines stimulates mTORC1 leading to CAD-dependent activation of pyrimidine synthesis
Authors: Tait-Mulder Jacqueline , Hodge Kelly , Sumpton David , Zanivan Sara , Vazquez Alexei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial serine catabolism to formate induces a metabolic switch to a hypermetabolic state with high rates of glycolysis, purine synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis. While formate is a purine precursor, it is not clear how formate induces pyrimidine synthesis.

Methods
Here we combine phospho-proteome and metabolic profiling to determine how formate induces pyrimidine synthesis.

Results
We discover that formate induces phosphorylation of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CAD), which is known to increase CAD enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, formate induces mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity as quantified by phosphorylation of its targets S6, 4E-BP1, S6K1 and CAD. Treatment with the allosteric mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin abrogates CAD phosphorylation and pyrimidine synthesis induced by formate. Furthermore, we show that the formate-dependent induction of mTOR signalling and CAD phosphorylation is dependent on an increase in purine synthesis.

Conclusions
We conclude that formate activates mTORC1 and induces pyrimidine synthesis via the mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of CAD.
Strongyloides stercoralis prevalence and diagnostics in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Chankongsin Somaphone , Wampfler Rahel , Ruf Marie-Therese , Odermatt Peter , Marti Hanspeter , Nickel Beatrice , Keoluangkhot Valy , Neumayr Andreas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the high prevalence of strongyloidiasis in the Laotian population, Laotian hospitals still lack diagnostic capacity to appropriately diagnose Strongyloides stercoralis infections. This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among hospitalized patients treated at Mahosot Hospital, the primary reference hospital of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), and to validate feasible methods for diagnosing S. stercoralis infection at hospital’s laboratory.

Methods
Between September and December 2018, stool samples of 104 inpatients were investigated for S. stercoralis infection by wet smear, Baermann technique, Koga Agar plate culture (KAPC), and real-time detection polymerase chain reaction (RTD-PCR) at the Infectious Diseases Ward of the Mahosot Hospital in Vientiane. The sensitivity, the specificity, the negative predictive value (NPV) of each diagnostic test, as well as their combination(s) was calculated using a composite reference standard (CRS). The correlation of the different test methods was assessed by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to assess the diagnostic agreement of the different test methods.

Results
The overall prevalence of S. stercoralis infections among the study population was 33.4%. The cumulative infection prevalence statistically significantly increased from the lowest age group of 40 years and below (22.4%), to the medium (40.0%) and to the oldest age group of 61 year and above (72.7%)(P = 0.003). The cumulative infection prevalence of CRS was considerably higher in male (40.4%) compared to female patients (28.1%), but not statistically different (P = 0.184). The diagnostic sensitivity of Baermann technique, KAPC, RTD-PCR, and the combination of Baermann technique and KAPC were 60.0, 60.0, 74.3, and 77.1%, respectively. Only 13 patients (37.1%) of the total 35 S. stercoralis patients diagnosed with any technique had a simultaneously positive diagnostic test with Baermann, KAPC and RTD-PCR.

Conclusions
We identified Baermann technique and KAPC to be currently the most feasible and implementable standard methods for diagnosing S. stercoralis at a hospital setting such as Mahosot Hospital and provincial and district hospitals in Lao PDR and other low- and middle income countries in Southeast Asia.

Trial registration
This study was approved by the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Lao PDR (reference no. 083/NECHR) and by the Ethics Committee Northwest and Central Switzerland (reference no. 2018–00594).
Identifying barriers and facilitators to implementing advance care planning in prisons: a rapid literature review
Authors: Macleod Ashley , Nair Divya , Ilbahar Ekin , Sellars Marcus , Nolte Linda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Limited information is available describing advance care planning (ACP) within correctional facilities, despite its increasing relevance due to the ageing population in prisons and the high rates of complex medical comorbidities. In Western countries, self-determination with respect to making future medical decisions is a human right that prisoners do not lose when they are remanded into custody. ACP enables individuals to plan for their health and personal care so their values, beliefs and preferences are made known to inform future decision-making, for a time when they can no longer communicate their decisions. This paper examines the limited academic literature relating to ACP within prisons to identify barriers and facilitators that influence the uptake of ACP and advance care directive (ACD) documentation. Common themes related to ACP in a correctional setting were extracted and synthesised to produce a high-level analysis of barriers and facilitators influencing ACP uptake for prisoners within a correctional setting.

Results
Six articles met the selection criteria and reported on the experience of ACP and ACDs in prisons; five from the United States of America and one from Switzerland. Three dominant themes were identified, with related subthemes: system-level factors, attitudes and perceptions, and ACP knowledge and comprehension. Barriers to ACP and ACD implementation were more prominent in articles than facilitators.

Conclusions
Limited academic literature regarding the implementation and experience of ACP in prisons is available. The dominance of barriers identified in studies highlights key challenges for improving ACP uptake in correctional settings. Further research is required to understand the barriers, enablers, and attitudes to ACP in prisons.
Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors and assessing reliability
Authors: Chen Zexuan , Zhang Long , Hou Feng , Xie Jialiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.
Understanding the factors influencing healthcare providers’ burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Jordanian hospitals
Authors: Algunmeeyn Abdullah , El-Dahiyat Faris , Altakhineh Mohammad Mitib , Azab Mohammad , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. The nature of healthcare providers’ occupation puts them at an increased risk of getting any contagious disease, including COVID-19. They are on the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak response and as such are at risk of contracting this virus. The infectious disease started from China in December 2019 and spread rapidly throughout countries, including Jordan. Especially, recent studies indicated that Jordanian healthcare providers’ work conditions and demographic are significant factors for healthcare providers’ burnout. Additionally, burnout has been increased among healthcare providers in Jordanian hospital.

Aim
The present investigation aims to better understand the factors affecting pharmacists’, physicians’, and nurses’ burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19 to provide basic information for lowering and preventing the level of burnout in Jordanian hospitals.

Method
This study is qualitative in nature, adopting face-to-face interviews as the key instrument of data collection in one hospital in Jordan. The sample interviewed consisted of 30 healthcare providers in total (10 nurses, 10 physicians. and 10 pharmacists).

Result
Three key factors to healthcare providers’ burnout were identified in the sampled hospitals: job stress, staff and resource adequacy, fear of COVID-19 infection, and interprofessional relationships in healthcare practice. The examination also offers recommendations for lowering and preventing healthcare providers' burnout in Jordanian hospitals.

Conclusion
This study explored the main factors of healthcare providers’ burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Jordanian hospitals, thereby making an original contribution to existing knowledge, as it is the first empirical exploration of healthcare providers' burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19. As such, it has attempted to offer an in-depth understanding of the factors impacting this issue.