bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Biopolymer‐Based Multi‐Layers Enable Consecutive Drug Release Events on Demand
Authors: Kimna Ceren , Winkeljann Benjamin , Song Jian , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAll implantation surgeries carry the risk of immediate or recurring infections at the surgical site. To combat this problem, employing implant coatings can be a useful strategy. A multi‐layered surface coating that actively responds to two different physiological stimuli with the liberation of two independent drug doses is presented here; the first dose is supposed to overcome an immediate inflammation caused by a contamination of the surgical site whereas the second dose may treat recurring infections. To make this possible, the strategy combines thermoresponsive liposomes with sacrificial layers and a transient condensation of biopolymer layers. Moreover, when the release is completed, the remaining surface coating provides beneficial long‐term properties such as improved lubricity. Due to its high specificity toward the two release triggers, its good loading capacity, and excellent release efficiency, the mechanism presented here may pave the way toward the development of a new generation of smart implant coatings that can autonomously combat two temporally separated infection events.
Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular and Intermolecular Annulations of Alkynes
Authors: Sun Kai , Lei Jia , Liu Yingjie , Liu Bing , Chen Ning 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrosynthesis is recognized as one of the most powerful and sustainable methods in organic chemistry. Recently, electrochemically enabled annulations of carbon‐carbon triple bonds have been successfully achieved, and have broadened prospects for the application of the emerging method with cyclization of alkynes. Thus, herein we outline the recent progress made on electrochemically enabled annulations of alkynes. In addition, an emphasis on the scope, limitations and the mechanisms of these reactions is made in this review.magnified image
Water Soluble Cationic Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT‐N as a Versatile Conducting Polymer for Bioelectronics
Authors: Minudri Daniela , Mantione Daniele , Dominguez‐Alfaro Antonio , Moya Sergio , Maza Eliana , Bellacanzone Christian , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Mecerreyes David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is the most popular conducting polymer in the emerging field of bioelectronics. Besides its excellent properties and commercial availability, its success is due to the aqueous processability of its anionically stabilized solutions or dispersions. In this work, a water soluble version of PEDOT is shown, which is cationically stabilized. This work reports the chemical oxidative (co)polymerization of EDOT‐ammonium derivative leading to PEDOT‐N (co)polymers. PEDOT‐N shows the typical features of PEDOT such as UV absorbance, bipolaron band, electrical conductivity, electrochemical behavior, and film formation ability. Furthermore, the PEDOT‐N films show good biocompatibility in the presence of the human embryonic kidney‐293 cell line. The water solubility of PEDOT‐N and its cationic nature allows its processability in the form of thin films obtained by the layer‐by‐layer technique or as conducting hydrogels.
Belowground biomass decomposition is driven by chemical composition in subtropical pastures and native rangelands
Authors: Kohmann Marta M. , Silveira Maria L. , Brandani Carolina B. , Aukema Kacey 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLitter decomposition, particularly from belowground pools, is a key process controlling the flow of nutrients and the sustainability of native and cultivated grazinglands. This study evaluated in situ belowground decomposition of saw‐palmetto (Serenoa repens [W. Bartram] Small) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge; BG), which corresponded to the predominant plant species in native and cultivated pastures in the southeastern United States. Belowground biomass decomposition (180 d) was estimated using the litterbag technique during the summer and winter. Season showed no effect on belowground decomposition. Decomposition followed a double exponential model (P ≤ .01) and was greater for BG than for native rangeland (NR) (−0.0008 and −0.0001 g g−1 d−1, respectively; P = .0035), resulting in less remaining material at the end of incubation for BG (74% compared with 93% for NR; P ≤ .002). Greater decomposition in BG occurred due to more favorable chemical composition than NR, namely greater initial N concentration (17 and 8 g kg−1 organic matter for BG and NR, respectively) and lower initial C/N ratio (29 and 65 for BG and NR, respectively), lignin/N ratio (13 and 54 for BG and NR, respectively), and C/P ratio (407 and 1,327 for BG and NR, respectively). Despite the differences in initial C/N ratios, remaining N was similar between BG and NR at end of incubation (96 and 84%, respectively; P = .3711). Land use intensification in grazinglands, in particular conversion of native rangelands to cultivated pastures, can have major impacts on belowground decomposition and on the biogeochemical cycle of nutrients in these ecosystems.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Tamoxifen and Analogues in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Tandon Nitin , Luxami Vijay , Tandon Runjhun , Paul Kamaldeep 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbstract: Tamoxifen is one of the important tricyclicethylene moieties and recognized as an important drug candidate because of extensive applications in the field of medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Recently, ample attention is given to this analogue by organic and medicinal chemistry community due to its successful utilization for the inhibition of estrogen receptor in MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines. Due to its structural character, tamoxifen is also useful in material chemistry. The synthesis of tamoxifen and its anlogues is desirable from easily available chemicals as an important drug candidate. Here, we report a review on various synthetic schemes for tamoxifen and its anlogues employing use of different strategies such as formation of C−C, C=C and C≡C bonds, C−H functionalization, addition to alkynes, insertion reaction, nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions, elimination reaction, reductive couplings etc.
Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID‐19 pandemic, now and in the future
Authors: Mok Vincent C.T. , Pendlebury Sarah , Wong Adrian , Alladi Suvarna , Au Lisa , Bath Philip M , Biessels Geert Jan , Chen Christopher , Cordonnier Charlotte , Dichgans Martin , Dominguez Jacqueline , Gorelick Philip B. , Kim SangYun , Kwok Timothy , Greenberg Steven M. , Jia Jianping , Kalaria Rajesh , Kivipelto Miia , Naegandran Kandiah , Lam Linda C.W. , Lam Bonnie Yin Ka , Lee Allen T.C. , Markus Hugh S. , O'Brien John , Pai Ming‐Chyi , Pantoni Leonardo , Sachdev Perminder , Skoog Ingmar , Smith Eric E. , Srikanth Velandai , Suh Guk‐Hee , Wardlaw Joanna , Ko Ho , Black Sandra E. , Scheltens Philip 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe have provided an overview on the profound impact of COVID‐19 upon older people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and the challenges encountered in our management of dementia in different health‐care settings, including hospital, out‐patient, care homes, and the community during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We have also proposed a conceptual framework and practical suggestions for health‐care providers in tackling these challenges, which can also apply to the care of older people in general, with or without other neurological diseases, such as stroke or parkinsonism. We believe this review will provide strategic directions and set standards for health‐care leaders in dementia, including governmental bodies around the world in coordinating emergency response plans for protecting and caring for older people with dementia amid the COIVD‐19 outbreak, which is likely to continue at varying severity in different regions around the world in the medium term.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles: An Emerging Versatile Platform for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Shuxin , Wang Lisheng , Liu Zhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are chemically synthesized affinity materials with tailor‐made binding cavities complementary to the template molecules in shape, size, and functionality. Recently, engineering MIP‐based nanomedicines to improve cancer therapy has become a rapidly growing field and future research direction. Because of the unique properties and functions of MIPs, MIP‐based nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) are not only alternatives to current nanomaterials for cancer therapy, but also hold the potential to fill gaps associated with biological ligand‐based nanomedicines, such as immunogenicity, stability, applicability, and economic viability. Here, we survey recent advances in the design and fabrication of nanoMIPs for cancer therapy and highlight their distinct features. In addition, how to use these features to achieve desired performance, including extended circulation, active targeting, controlled drug release and anti‐tumor efficacy, is discussed and summarized. We expect that this minireview will inspire more advanced studies in MIP‐based nanomedicines for cancer therapy.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Assisted One‐pot Tandem Reaction for Vinyl Chloride Production via Ethylene Oxychlorination
Authors: Ma Hongfei , Ma Guoyan , Qi Yanying , Wang Yalan , Chen Qingjun , Rout Kumar R. , Fuglerud Terje , Chen De 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA bifunctional catalyst comprising CuCl2/Al2O3 and nitrogen‐doped carbon was developed for an efficient one‐pot ethylene oxychlorination process to produce vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) up to 76 % yield at 250 °C and under ambient pressure, which is higher than the conventional industrial two‐step process (≈50 %) in a single pass. In the second bed, active sites containing N‐functional groups on the metal‐free N‐doped carbon catalyzed both ethylene oxychlorination and ethylene dichloride (EDC) dehydrochlorination under the mild conditions. Benefitting from the bifunctionality of the N‐doped carbon, VCM formation was intensified by the surface Cl*‐looping of EDC dehydrochlorination and ethylene oxychlorination. Both reactions were enhanced by in situ consumption of surface Cl* by oxychlorination, in which Cl* was generated by EDC dehydrochlorination. This work offers a promising alternative pathway to VCM production via ethylene oxychlorination at mild conditions through a single pass reactor.
Doped Zero‐Dimensional Cesium Zinc Halides for High‐Efficiency Blue Light Emission
Authors: Cheng Pengfei , Feng Lu , Liu Yuefeng , Zheng Daoyuan , Sang Youbao , Zhao Wenyuan , Yang Yang , Yang Songqiu , Wei Donghui , Wang Guoxiong , Han Keli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAll‐inorganic zero‐dimensional (0D) metal halides have recently received increasing attention due to their excellent photoluminescence (PL) performance and high stability. Herein, we present the successful doping of copper(I) into 0D Cs2ZnBr4. The incorporating of Cu+ cations enables the originally weakly luminescent Cs2ZnBr4 to exhibit an efficient blue emission centered at around 465 nm, with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 65.3 %. Detailed spectral characterizations, including ultrafast transient absorption (TA) techniques, were carried out to investigate the effect of Cu+ dopants and the origin of blue emission in Cs2ZnBr4:Cu. To further study the role of the A‐site cation and halogen, A2ZnCl4:Cu (A=Cs, Rb) were also synthesized and found to generate intense sky‐blue emission (PLQY≈73.1 %). This work represents an effective strategy for the development of environmentally friendly, low‐cost and high‐efficiency blue‐emitting 0D all‐inorganic metal halides.
Revealing the Magnesium‐Storage Mechanism in Mesoporous Bismuth via Spectroscopy and Ab‐Initio Simulations
Authors: Xu Xin , Chao Dongliang , Chen Biao , Liang Pei , Li Huan , Xie Fangxi , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present mesoporous bismuth nanosheets as a model to study the charge‐storage mechanism of Mg/Bi systems in magnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs). Using a systematic spectroscopy investigation of combined synchrotron‐based operando X‐ray diffraction, near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure and Raman, we demonstrate a reversible two‐step alloying reaction mechanism Bi↔MgBi↔Mg3Bi2. Ab‐initio simulation methods disclose the formation of a MgBi intermediate and confirm its high electronic conductivity. This intermediate serves as a buffer for the significant volume expansion (204 %) and acts to regulate Mg storage kinetics. The mesoporous bismuth nanosheets, as an ideal material for the investigation of the Mg charge‐storage mechanism, effectively alleviate volume expansion and enable significant electrochemical performance in a lithium‐free electrolyte. These findings will benefit mechanistic understandings and advance material designs for MIBs.
Synthetische, C6‐funktionalisierte Aminoflavinkatalysatoren ermöglichen die aerobe Bromierung oxidationsanfälliger Substrate
Authors: Walter Alexandra , Storch Golo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFlavoenzyme katalysieren Oxidationsreaktionen mithilfe von Hydroperoxid‐Intermediaten, die durch Aktivierung von molekularem O2 gebildet werden. Diese Reaktionen, beispielsweise Hydroxylierung und Halogenierung, sind dabei von der zusätzlichen katalytischen Aktivität funktioneller Gruppen in der Peptidumgebung des Flavin‐Cofaktors abhängig. Wir stellen hier synthetische Flavinkatalysatoren vor, die C6‐Aminmodifikationen am Isoalloxazinkern aufweisen und somit Halogenierungen außerhalb der Peptidumgebung ermöglichen. Die Katalysatoren sind in der selektiven biomimetischen Bromierung von oxidationsanfälligen Phenolen, Flavonen und Flavanonen aktiv und benötigen ein Halogenidsalz zusammen mit 2,6‐Lutidiniumoxalat als Flavinreduktans sowie Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht. Unsere Studien zeigen dabei den vorteilhaften Effekt gestapelter Bisflavine und die katalytische Aktivität der Flavinmodifikationen. Die entwickelten Flavinkatalysatoren übertreffen isoliertes natürliches (−)‐Riboflavin und tragen zu der fortlaufenden Suche nach maßgeschneiderten Flavinen für Oxidationsreaktionen bei.
An Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cell with Suppressed Defects by Employing Dithizone as a Lead Indicator
Authors: Hou Wenjing , Han Gaoyi , Ou Ting , Xiao Yaoming , Chen Qi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe defects in perovskite films are one of the most non‐negligible factors that can attenuate the performances of perovskite solar cell. This work fabricates defect‐reduced perovskite film by using the lead indicator (dithizone) as an additive of perovskite functional layer. The dithizone can retard the crystallization rate of perovskite films, passivate the defects, and enhance the structure stability of perovskite by coordinating with lead atoms. As a result, the device doped with dithizone yields outstanding power conversion efficiency and stability.
Synthetic C6‐Functionalized Aminoflavin Catalysts Enable Aerobic Bromination of Oxidation‐Prone Substrates
Authors: Walter Alexandra , Storch Golo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFlavoenzymes catalyze oxidations via hydroperoxide intermediates that result from activation of molecular O2. These reactions—such as hydroxylation and halogenation—depend on the additional catalytic activity of functional groups in the peptide environment of the flavin cofactor. We report synthetic flavin catalysts that contain C6 amino modifications at the isoalloxazine core and are consequently capable of mediating halogenations outside the peptide surrounding. The catalysts are competent in the selective, biomimetic bromination of oxidation‐prone phenols, flavones, and flavanones using a halide salt in combination with 2,6‐lutidinium oxalate as a flavin reductant under visible‐light irradiation. Our studies show the beneficial effect of stacked bisflavins as well as the catalytic activity of the flavin modifications. The designed flavin catalysts outperform isolated natural (−)‐riboflavin and contribute to the continuing search for tailored flavins in oxidation reactions.
Probe‐Free Direct Identification of Type I and Type II Photosensitized Oxidation Using Field‐Induced Droplet Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mu Chaonan , Wang Wei , Wang Jie , Gong Chu , Zhang Dongmei , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile Type I and Type II photosensitizers are often carefully tailored to achieve their respective advantages in treating different cancers, the identifications of the Type I and II mechanisms as such, the key reaction intermediates, and the consequent oxidation products of the substrates have never been easy. Using our unique home‐built field‐induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI‐MS) method that selectively samples molecules at the air–water interface, here we show the facile determination of both Type I and II mechanisms of a poster‐child photosensitizer, temoporfin, without the addition of any probes. The unstable doublet radical resulting from the hydrogen abstraction by the triplet temoporfin through the Type I mechanism is captured, manifesting the in situ advantage of FIDI‐MS. We anticipate that the method developed in this study can be widely utilized in the future designs of novel photosensitizers and the screening of their photosensitization mechanisms.
The preparation and thermomechanical properties of high‐temperature foams based on thermoplastic poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)
Authors: Yang Junyu , Shen Aaron , Velankar Sachin S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (PPEK) is an amorphous thermoplastic polymer with a high glass transition temperature(Tg)exceeding 250°C. We describe the preparation of foams from PPEK and characterize their properties. PPEK foams were prepared using dichloromethane as a foaming agent. The foaming agent was swollen into discs of the PPEK, which were then foamed by heating. Foams could be prepared at temperatures far below theTgof the PPEK due to plasticization of the polymer by the foaming agent. Foams with densities ranging from 0.1 to 0.65 g/cm3were prepared. Their thermal conductivity and modulus (measured approximately by indentation tests) were found to decrease with density, and the trends were similar to those expected from existing models. The foams could be annealed at 200°C without collapse suggesting that they may be useful in structural or insulation applications where stability at high temperature is essential.
Evaluation of CO2‐philicity and thickening capability of multichain poly(ether‐carbonate) with assistance of molecular simulations
Authors: Chen Rui , Zheng Jieyuan , Ma Zhongzhu , Zhang Xianwei , Fan Hong , Bittencourt Carla 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhenyl‐centered tri‐chain poly(ether‐carbonate) (TMA‐PEC), phenyl‐centered double‐chain poly(ether‐carbonate) (TPA‐PEC), and phenyl‐centered four‐chain poly(ether‐carbonate) (TFA‐PEC) were synthesized to act as CO2 thickener. Their solubility in CO2 was measured by cloud point pressure. In order to explore the material characteristics that affect the solubility, dynamic simulations were used to analyze intermolecular polymer interactions, and the interaction between polymers and CO2. It was found that TPA‐PEC and TMA‐PEC has better solubility than TFA‐PEC in CO2 among the three polymers while the thickening effect is poor, TFA‐PEC possess the best viscosity thickening effect while the solubility in CO2 is unfavorable. The silicone unit 1,1,1,3,5,5,5‐heptamethyl‐3‐(3‐[oxiran‐2‐ylmethoxy] propyl)trisiloxane modified TFA‐PEC (TFA‐PEC‐SAGE) combine good solubility and good thickening ability together. The molecular simulations show that TPA‐PEC and TMA‐PEC have weaker intermolecular interactions and TPA‐PEC and TMA‐PEC have stronger interaction with CO2 which are beneficial to the solubility.
De novo assembly of Auricularia polytricha transcriptome and discovery of genes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose
Authors: Jiang Shiyu , Zheng Xueling , Li Li 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAuricularia polytricha belonging to Basidiomycota has the ability to degrade lignocellulose. However, there has been no resource in public databases examining the transcriptome of A. polytricha. In this study, high‐throughput sequencing platform BGISEQ‐500 was used to generate large amount of transcript sequences from A. polytricha for gene discovery and molecular marker development. A total of 28,102 unigenes were discovered from the assembly of clean reads. In addition, functional categorization of the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways revealed several important biological processes. GO annotation analysis presented 47 categories, with the major subcategories being catalytic activity, binding, cellular process, metabolic process, and cell. Among the five functional categories and 21 subcategories of processes discovered from KEGG, global and overview maps, carbohydrate metabolism, transport, and catabolism are the main subcategories. Furthermore, among the unigenes related to lignocellulosic degradation discovered by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, 2, 5, and 16 unigenes in de novo assembly of A. polytricha transcriptome were found to relate to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation, respectively. The study provided valuable information on the degradation of lignocellulose to facilitate research on the degradation mechanism, molecular marker, functional research, gene mapping, and other multigenomic studies of species containing lignocellulose.
Statistischer Maßstabseffekt und seine Bedeutung für die Zuverlässigkeit im Stahlbau
Authors: Li Zheng , Loebjinski Maria , Pasternak Hartmut 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt – als zweiter von zwei Teilen – Forschungsergebnisse über den statistischen Maßstabseffekt und die entsprechende Zuverlässigkeit im Stahlbau. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss der maßstabsabhängigen Festigkeitsverteilung auf die Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und die Bemessung von Stahlbauteilen unter der Berücksichtigung eines linearen Versagensgrenzzustands diskutiert. Mithilfe der vereinfachten Annahme einer normalverteilten Last werden Berechnungsbeispiele für den 3‐Punkte‐ und 4‐Punkte‐Biegeversuch durchgeführt, um die Änderung des Zuverlässigkeitsindex zu demonstrieren. Die Berechnungsergebnisse zeigen, dass der statistische Maßstabseffekt direkt zu einem maßstabsabhängigen Zuverlässigkeitsindex führt, der in den meisten Fällen eine vernünftige Abschätzung des Versagensrisikos liefern kann.
Nine absorbed components pharmacokinetic of raw and processed Moutan Cortex in normal and blood‐heat and hemorrhage syndrome model rats
Authors: Ye Qiuli , Cheng Pei , Yan Donghui , Sun Yue , Zhang Ying , Cao Hui , Wang Shumei , Meng Jiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRaw Moutan Cortex (RMC) and Processed Moutan Cortex (PMC) have a long history of use in China and other Asian countries. In this study, a rapid and accurate ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UHPLC–DAD) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of nine absorbed compounds of RMC/PMC. After extraction by protein precipitation with methanol from plasma, the analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC® BEH Shield RP18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm, Waters, USA). Acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water (B) were selected as the mobile phase to perform gradient elution. The linearity of nine analytes was >0.9915. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precision (RSD) values were within 11.18%, and accuracy ranged from 91.32 to 101.29%. Suitable stability, matrix effect and extraction recoveries were also obtained. The validated method was applied to compare the pharmacokinetics of RMC and PMC in Blood‐Heat and Hemorrhage Syndrome Model and normal rats. The results revealed that processing and the pathological state could influence the pharmacokinetic characteristics of compounds in RMC/PMC. The study willbe useful for further studies on pharmacokinetics and clinical application of raw and processed Moutan Cortex.