bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can we adapt complex population health interventions for new contexts? Progressing debates and research priorities
Authors: Evans Rhiannon Emily , Moore Graham , Movsisyan Ani , Rehfuess Eva 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThe UK Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research have funded the ADAPT study (2018–2020), to develop methodological guidance for the adaptation of complex population health interventions for new contexts. While there have been advances in frameworks, there are key theoretical and methodological debates to progress. The ADAPT study convened a panel meeting to identify and enrich these debates. This paper presents the panel’s discussions and suggests directions for future research.MethodsSixteen researchers and one policymaker convened for a 1-day meeting in July 2019. The aim was to reflect on emerging study findings (systematic review of adaptation guidance; scoping review of case examples; and qualitative interviews with funders, journal editors, researchers and policymakers), progress theoretical and methodological debates, and consider where innovation may be required to address research gaps.DiscussionDespite the proliferation of adaptation frameworks, questions remain over the definition of basic concepts (eg, adaptation). The rationale for adaptation, which often focuses on differences between contexts, may lead to adaptation hyperactivity. Equal emphasis should be placed on similarities. Decision-making about intervention modification currently privileges the concept of ‘core components’, and work is needed to progress the use and operationalisation of ‘functional fidelity’. Language and methods must advance to ensure meaningful engagement with diverse stakeholders in adaptation processes. Further guidance is required to assess the extent of re-evaluation required in the new context. A better understanding of different theoretical perspectives, notably complex systems thinking, implementation science and realist evaluation may help in enhancing research on adaptation.
Angular and polarization observables for Majorana-mediated B decays with effective interactions
Authors: Duarte Lucía , Zapata Gabriel , Sampayo Oscar A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe probe the effective field theory extending the Standard Model with a sterile neutrino in B meson decays at B factories and lepton colliders, using angular and polarization observables. We put bounds on different effective operators characterized by their distinct Dirac–Lorentz structure, and probe the N-mediated B decays sensitivity to these interactions. We define a forward–backward asymmetry $$A_\mathrm{FB}^{\ell \gamma }$$

A

FB

ℓ
γ

between the muon and photon directions for the $$B \rightarrow \mu \nu \gamma $$

B
→
μ
ν
γ

decay, which allows us to separate the SM contribution from the effective lepton number conserving and violating processes, mediated by a near on-shell N. Using the most stringent constraints on the effective parameter space from Belle and BaBar we find that a measurement of the final polarization $$P_{\tau }$$

P
τ

in the rare $$B^-\rightarrow \ell ^-_{1}\ell ^-_{2} \pi ^+$$

B
-

→

ℓ
1
-

ℓ
2
-

π
+

decays can help us infer the scalar or vector interaction content in the N production or decay vertices. We find that the B meson decays are more sensitive to scalar operators.
Apresentação
Authors: Spiry Zsuzsanna 
Published: September 2020

O leitor pode estar se perguntando, mas qual é a relação entre literatura e história política? De que “outra Europa” está se falando aqui? No prefácio intitulado “Europa, pois é, Europa” que escreveu para o livro de Aleksandar Jovanović – um dos colaboradores desta revista – À Sombra do Quarto Crescente [Ed. Hutec, 1995], Nelson Ascher nos conta que se trata da parte do continente “submersa em tiranias, genocídio, ruínas, pobreza e barbárie”, uma imagem muito distante da aparente “ilha de tranquilidade próspera” com que a Europa era vista até um passado não muito distante.
Agradecimentos
Authors: K. Abhay 
Published: September 2020

Gostaria de agradecer Shelly Bhoil por me motivar a organizar a edição em português de 100 Great Indian Poems intitulada 100 Grandes Poemas da Índia, por ter se dedicado a reunir renomados tradutores nesse projeto e por ter arranjado, junto ao Departamento de Letras da Universidade de São Paulo, a publicação da 19ª edição do periódico Cadernos de Literatura em Tradução, sendo esta uma edição especial dedicada à poesia da Índia.
Espaço, Sujeito e existência
Authors: Chaveiro Eguimar Felício 
Published: September 2020

Ao se indispor contra uma modalidade de pensar geográfico preso ao formalismo acadêmico e negar o sentido ornamental da literatura, propor-se-á uma análise de Goiânia, por meio da aglutinação entre Espaço, Sujeito e Existência. Objetiva-se demonstrar, por meio da interpretação de poemas, o modo pelo qual Goiânia, como uma metrópole regional radicada na Região Centro-Oeste, configura-se como uma cidade dada à diferentes representações e à diferentes práticas sociais. O pressuposto central do trabalho baseia-se nisso: como filha objetiva do mundo, a literatura alicerça meios subjetivos de se pensar o espaço de maneira sutil e profunda. Sendo assim, cabe aos geógrafos que se ocupam em mediar leituras entre geografia e literatura, interessarem-se pelo adentramento ao mundo, não escapar-se dele.
Establishing reference intervals of 20 biochemical markers for children in Southwestern Fujian, China based on the UniCel DxC 800 system
Authors: Li Jiming , Zhang Huifen , Chen Haichen , Gan Yuebin , Li Juan , Huang Huibin 
Published: September 2020

Background To date, China has no industry standard for reference intervals of paediatric blood biochemical markers. This study aimed to evaluate changes in biochemical markers in the venous blood of healthy children aged 29 days to 12 years, derived from the UniCel DxC 800 system, and establish appropriate reference intervals. Methods We analysed venous blood from 1980 healthy children for 20 biochemical markers. Reference intervals were established according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3c guideline and compared with those of adults in China. Results All markers except for sodium and chlorine required partitioning by age, but not by sex. The reference intervals of total protein, albumin, globulin, carbon dioxide, urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid consistently increased with age in children, but were always lower than those of adults. Children aged 29 days to 12 years had a single combined RI for sodium and chloride, respectively; although the reference intervals in children were similar to those of adults, their upper limits were lower. The reference intervals of direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus continued to decline with age. The reference intervals of total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase initially declined followed by a slight rebound. Conclusions While establishing reference intervals, most markers required partitioning by age (aged 29 days to 12 years); the partitioning scheme differed for each marker, and paediatric reference intervals differed from those for adults. It is therefore necessary to establish separate paediatric reference intervals.
Valve patch technique for repair of ventricular septal defect: long-term results
Authors: Afrasiabirad Abbas , Samadi Mahmoud , Vatani Parisa , Faridvand Yousef 
Published: September 2020

Objective This study aimed to show the long-term results in patients who underwent unidirectional valve patch repair of ventricular septal defect with pulmonary artery hypertension. Methods Thirty-five acyanotic patients aged 2 to 26 years (mean 9.3 years) with a large ventricular septal defect and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (mean 9.5 Wood units) underwent surgery in Madani Heart Hospital. The medical records and clinical outcomes were reviewed from March 1998 to March 2017. Results Five patients died in the first postoperative week. In the long-term follow-up (mean 11 years), two patients were lost to follow-up. Pulmonary artery hypertension gradually decreased in 17 patients within 6–12 months with significant improvement in right ventricular end-diastolic diameter, New York Heart Association functional class, and tricuspid regurgitation. Eleven patients with persistent pulmonary artery hypertension were divided into tolerable and non-tolerable groups. Six patients in the tolerable group had satisfactory conditions compared to before the operation, and gained weight with improved functional class despite echocardiographic findings of persistent elevated pulmonary artery pressure. One had a full-term delivery by caesarean section in the fifth postoperative year. Five patients in the non-tolerable group gradually developed right heart failure and complications such as extremity edema, ascites, pleural effusions, and died after 10–30 months. Conclusion Although relatively high mortality occurred during long-term follow-up, surviving patients were in a better condition and functional class despite persistent pulmonary artery hypertension. Therefore, fear of persistent pulmonary artery hypertension should not prohibit surgery in this group of patients.
A numerical and scaled experimental study on ride comfort enhancement of a high-speed rail vehicle through optimizing traction rod stiffness
Authors: Bokaeian Vahid , Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Arcos Robert 
Published: September 2020

In this research, the effect of rail vehicle carbody’s flexural modes on the ride comfort of an example high-speed railway vehicle is investigated. The vehicle is modeled as a rigid multi-body system, where the rigid body vertical, longitudinal, pitch, and roll degrees of freedom of the carbody and bogie frames and the rigid body vertical and roll degrees of freedom of the wheelsets are considered. An Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is used to account for the flexural motion of the carbody. The longitudinal interaction between carbody and bogie through the traction rod is modeled as a nonlinear spring element. The corresponding equations of motion of the system in the frequency domain are obtained by using the equivalent linearization method. The effect of the traction rod is explored by using this model. Also, the optimal stiffness of the traction rod element that minimizes the flexural vibrations of the carbody is obtained through a genetic algorithm. With the optimal stiffness for the traction rod, the ride quality index at the center of the carbody floor is improved by 41% at a speed of 300 km/h. For the validation of numerical results, a scaled model of the vehicle with a scale factor of 24.5 was constructed, and its associated results are presented. The model was excited by random input signals, which were generated based on the power spectral density of the track irregularity function. The agreement between the simulation results and the scaled experimental outcome when compared with the measured data from other sources is found to be satisfactory. In the framework of the physical scaled model, the filtering effect due to the vehicle bogie base is also examined.
Validation of the visual acuity iPad app Eye Chart Pro compared to the standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart in a low-vision population
Authors: Hazari Hassan , Curtis Rachel , Eden Karen , Hopman Wilma M , Irrcher Isabella , Bona Mark D 
Published: September 2020

Introduction A low-vision assessment (LVA) is central to developing a vision rehabilitation plan. However, access to LVAs is often limited by the quantity and geographic distribution of low-vision providers, as well as patient-centred transportation challenges. A tablet-based LVA tool kit, delivered virtually, has the potential to overcome many of these barriers. The purpose of this research was to validate a key component of the tablet-based tool kit – a commercially available iPad visual acuity (VA) test (Eye Chart Pro) iPad app – in a low-vision population. Methods Participants with low vision ( n = 26) and those who were normally sighted ( n = 25) underwent VA testing with both the iPad VA test application and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. The VA data were compared using a t-test, linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis. Results There was no significant difference in the mean absolute difference in VA (log of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR)=0.11; p = 0.82). Eye Chart Pro and Standard ETDRS Chart measures were also not significantly different ( p = 0.98). However, there were significant differences between test methods in the low-vision group and the normally sighted group ( p > 0.0001 and p = 0.007, respectively). The Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean bias (difference) of –0.0005 logMAR between methods, and 95% limits of agreement of 0.298 and –0.299 logMAR. Discussion The ETDRS chart function on the Eye Chart Pro application can reliably measure VA across a range, from normally sighted patients to those with low vision.
Long-term prognostic utility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride in real-world patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes or prediabetes
Authors: Jin Jing-Lu , Zhang Hui-Wen , Cao Ye-Xuan , Liu Hui-Hui , Hua Qi , Li Yan-Fang , Zhang Yan , Guo Yuan-Lin , Wu Na-Qiong , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Xu Rui-Xia , Gao Ying , Li Xiao-Lin , Cui Chuan-Jue , Liu Geng , Sun Jing , Dong Qian , Santos Raul , Li Jian-Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent guidelines highlighted the association between atherosclerosis and triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. However, evidence from prospective studies for long-term prognostic utility of low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-TG) in real-world patients with prediabetes (Pre-DM) or diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently not available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of LDL-TG on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with stable CAD under different glucose metabolism status.

Methods
A total of 4381 patients with CAD were consecutively enrolled and plasma LDL-TG level was measured by an automated homogeneous assay. They were categorized according to both status of glucose metabolism [DM, Pre-DM, normal glycaemia regulation (NGR)] and tertiles of LDL-TG. All subjects were followed up for the occurrence of MACEs.

Results
During a median of 5.1 (interquartile range 3.9 to 5.9) years’ follow-up, 507 (11.6%) MACEs occurred. Cubic spline models showed a significant association between LDL-TG and MACEs in DM and Pre-DM but not in NGR. When the combined effect of elevated LDL-TG and glucose disorders was considered for risk stratification, the medium tertile of LDL-TG plus DM, and the highest tertile of LDL-TG plus Pre-DM or plus DM subgroups were associated with significantly higher risk of MACEs after adjustment of confounders including triglyceride [hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals): 1.843 (1.149–2.955), 1.828 (1.165–2.867), 2.212 (1.396–3.507), all p < 0.05]. Moreover, adding LDL-TG into the original model increased the C-statistic from 0.687 to 0.704 (∆C-statistic = 0.016, p = 0.028) and from 0.734 to 0.749 (∆C-statistic = 0.014, p = 0.002) in Pre-DM and DM, respectively.

Conclusions
In this longitudinal cohort study on real-world practice, higher LDL-TG was associated with worse outcomes among Pre-DM and DM patients with stable CAD.
Abundant herds: Accumulation, herd management, and land-use patterns in a conservation area
Authors: Bollig Michael , Vehrs Hauke-Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNorth-eastern Namibia’s Zambezi Region became part of the world’s largest transboundary conservation area in the early 2010s: the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. While wildlife numbers and wildlife-based tourism are increasing rapidly in this conservation zone, cattle herds and livestock-based economies are expanding as well. More than conservation and wildlife-based tourism, cattle husbandry is a project of the local population and of the local elite in particular. Cattle are an expression of wealth and are regarded as a means of saving. At the same time, cattle can be used to plough fields, pull sledges, and produce milk and meat for home consumption and also for sale. Cattle also fulfil important social functions; they are necessary for bridewealth payments and are used in cattle loans with which wealthy herd owners furnish poorer relatives. Recent investments into self-financed boreholes have opened new rangelands for the wealthy, while the expansion of conservation areas in the region’s wetlands and the establishment of wildlife corridors have rendered other rangelands challenging due to prohibitions and increasing incidences of human–wildlife conflict. The needs and practices of expanding cattle husbandry often conflict with the demands and challenges of conservation and conservation-related tourism.This contribution describes the emergence and expansion of cattle husbandry in a region which had hardly any cattle before the 1960s and which has seen a major expansion of conservation areas and a subsequent refaunation since the 1980s. The contribution analyses current cattle ownership patterns and management practices. We argue that livestock husbandry and conservation have to be considered together and not as competing land-use strategies that need to be kept apart but as separate visions and aspirations of different stakeholders relating to the same landscape.
Crack Propagation Analysis of Synthetic vs. Steel vs. Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Digital Image Correlation Technique
Authors: Bhosale Aniket B. , Prakash S. Suriya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImprovement in fracture behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) due to the inclusion of various types and combinations of fibres is widely reported. The fracture behaviour of FRC needs to be fully understood for the optimum use of these fibres in structural elements. Fracture behaviours of synthetic fibre-reinforced concrete (SynFRC), hybrid fibre-reinforced concrete (HFRC) and steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) are investigated in this study using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. This work focuses on improvement in the structural performance of FRC through a comprehensive study of the change in the crack length, crack opening and fracture process zone (FPZ) due to different fibres addition and their combinations. Three distinct fibre dosages of 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%, of macro-polyolefin fibres, hooked end steel fibres and their hybrid combination are regarded as research parameters. Test outcomes indicate that HFRC offers higher post-cracking resistance when compared to SynFRC. SFRC showcases superior fracture performance than that of HFRC and SynFRC. Full-field strain measurements from DIC are used to measure the crack openings at different load levels during the fracture tests. Results of DIC analysis show good agreement with experimental measurements. Continuous monitoring of strain contours using DIC reveals the effective engagement of fibres along the depth at higher dosages for HFRC when compared to that of SynFRC. Also, HFRC had longer cracks than SFRC at a particular load.
Trading stocks following sharp movements in the USDX, GBP/USD, and USD/CNY
Authors: Ni Yensen , Day Min-Yuh , Huang Paoyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe hypothesized that sharp movement in the USDX, GBP/USD, and USD/CNY might result in stock market fluctuations owing to heightened investors’ sentiments. The subsequent performance of trading stocks right after such sharp movements in exchange rates is seldom explored in existing studies. We examined the historical data of the constituent stocks of the DJ 30, FTSE 100, and SSE 50 indexes and found that the share prices were more volatile after sharp movements in the CNY, even though the currency is less volatile because of China’s exchange rate policy. However, for the USD and GBP, share prices of the DJ 30 and FTSE 100, respectively, rose after sharp appreciation and depreciation of the currencies.
Parametric analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a long-span three-tower self-anchored suspension bridge with a composite girder
Authors: Shao Feifei , Chen Zhijun , Ge Hanbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThree-tower self-anchored suspension bridge (TSSB) is more and more favored because of its beautiful structure and strong adaptability to terrain and geological conditions. However, there are few engineering practices and related researches on super long-span three-tower self-anchored suspension bridges. A three-dimensional finite element model for the Fenghuang Yellow River Bridge, with the world’s longest span of its kind under construction, is established using the ANSYS finite element program, and the structural dynamic characteristics of the super long-span TSSB are studied and compared with those of several bridges of the same type or with similar spans. In addition, the influence of the key design parameters such as the stiffening girder stiffness, tower stiffness, main cable and suspender stiffness, central buckle, and longitudinal constraint system on the dynamic characteristics of the structure is analyzed. The results show that the first mode of the TSSB is longitudinal floating, the lower-order modes are dominated by vertical bending modes, while the higher-order modes are primarily vibration modes of the main cables, and the torsional modes exhibit strong coupling with the lateral sway of the towers and main cables. The frequency of the first antisymmetric vertical bending mode of the TSSB has an inversely proportional relationship with the main span length. Compared with a double-tower ground-anchored suspension bridge and cable-stayed bridge with similar spans, the TSSB has the lowest frequency for the first antisymmetric vertical bending mode and the highest frequency for the first symmetric vertical bending mode, with a more pronounced coupling with the towers and main cables in the torsional modes. Analysis of the structural parameters shows that the frequencies of the longitudinal floating mode, first antisymmetric vertical bending mode, first symmetric vertical bending mode, and first torsional mode are most sensitive to the longitudinal bending stiffness of the side tower, central buckle, vertical bending stiffness of the stiffening girder, and torsional stiffness of the stiffening girder, respectively. The research findings and relevant conclusions can provide basic data for response analysis of long-span TSSBs under dynamic loads and offer an engineering reference for the design of similar bridges around the world.