bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupil dilation during visuospatial orienting differentiates between autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Boxhoorn Sara , Bast Nico , Supèr Hans , Polzer Leonie , Cholemkery Hannah , Freitag Christine M. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPrevious research demonstrated atypical attention in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Regarding visual orienting, findings suggest a differential impairment: Atypical orienting to relatively unexpected targets in ASD, and atypical processing of alerting cues in ADHD. The locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine (LC‐NE) system plays an important role in exploiting alerting cues to increase attention and task performance. The present study’s aim was to examine differential subcortical processes underlying visual orienting in ASD and ADHD with pupil dilation (PD) as index of LC activity.MethodsPupil dilation (PD) progression metrics during visual orienting were calculated for task‐evoked PD locked to cue, stimulus onset, and behavioral response. Group differences in PD and reaction time (RT) were compared between children with ASD without ADHD (ASD‐) (N = 18), ADHD without ASD (ADHD‐) (N = 28), both disorders (ASD + ADHD) (N = 14), and typically developing children (TD) (N = 31) using linear mixed models (LMM). To further explore the modulatory role of the LC‐NE system group differences in the effect of task‐evoked PD metrics on RT were examined exploratively.ResultsASD (+ADHD) showed slower orienting responses to relatively unexpected spatial target stimuli as compared to TD, which was accompanied by higher PD amplitudes relative to ADHD− and TD. In ADHD−, shorter cue‐evoked PD latencies relative to ASD−, ASD + ADHD, and TD were found. Group differences in the effect of cue‐ and stimulus‐evoked PD amplitudes on RT were found in ASD− relative to TD.ConclusionsStudy findings provide new evidence for a specific role of the LC‐NE system in impaired reflexive orienting responses in ASD, and atypical visual processing of alerting cues in ADHD.
Merkel cell carcinoma update: the case for two tumours
Authors: Nirenberg A. , Steinman H. , Dixon J. , Dixon A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive tumour with neuroendocrine differentiation. Clinically significant differences within the entity we know as MCC are apparent. This review aims to evaluate the evidence for differences in tumours within Merkel cell carcinoma and to stratify these. A literature search of research pertaining to various characteristics MCC was undertaken from 1972, when Merkel cell carcinoma was first described, to 2018, using PubMed and similar search engines. A total of 41 papers were analysed, including clinical trials, laboratory‐based research and reviews. A proportion of MCC has Merkel cell polyomavirus genome integrated (MCPyV+) while others do not (MCPyV−). Both types have a different mutation burden. MCPyV+ tumours are likely true neuroendocrine carcinomas, with a dermal origin, probably from fibroblasts which have been transformed by integration of the viral genome. MCPyV−tumours are likely derived from either keratinocytes or epidermal stem cells, are probably squamous cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation, and are related to sun damage. Prognostic factors (apart from tumour stage) include the MCPyV status, with MCPyV+ tumours having a better prognosis. P63 expression confers a worse prognosis in most studies. CD8+ lymphocytes play an important role, providing a possible target for PD1/PD‐L1 blockade treatment. The incidence of MCC varies from country to country. Countries such as Australia have a high rate and a far greater proportion of MCPyV− tumours than places such as the United Kingdom. MCC doubtlessly encompasses two tumours. The two tumours have demonstrated differences in prognosis and management. One is a neuroendocrine carcinoma related to MCPyV integration likely derived from fibroblasts, and the other is a UV‐related squamous cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, presumptively derived from either keratinocytes or epidermal stem cells. We propose naming the former Merkel type sarcoma and the latter squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel type.
Recombinant Treponema pallidum protein Tp0136 promotes fibroblast migration by modulating MCP‐1/CCR2 through TLR4
Authors: Luo X. , Gao Z.‐X. , Lin S.‐W. , Tong M.‐L. , Liu L.‐L. , Lin L.‐R. , Ke W.‐J. , Yang T.‐C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundChancre self‐healing is an important clinical feature in the early stages of syphilis infection. Wound healing may involve an important mechanism by the migration of fibroblasts filling the injured lesion. However, the specific mechanism underlying this process is still unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyse the role of Tp0136 in the migration of fibroblasts and the related mechanism.MethodsThe migration ability of fibroblasts was detected by a wound‐healing assay. RT‐PCR and ELISA detected the expression of MCP‐1, IL‐6 and MMP‐9. TLR4 expression was detected by RT‐PCR. The protein levels of CCR2 and relevant signalling pathway molecules were measured by Western blotting.ResultsTp0136 significantly promoted fibroblast migration. Subsequently, the levels of MCP‐1 and its receptor CCR2 were increased in this process. The migration of fibroblasts was significantly inhibited by an anti‐MCP‐1 neutralizing antibody or CCR2 inhibitors. Furthermore, studies demonstrated that Tp0136 could activate the ERK/JNK/PI3K/NF‐κB signalling pathways through TLR4 activity and that signalling pathways inhibitors could weaken MCP‐1 secretion and fibroblast migration.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that Tp0136 promotes the migration of fibroblasts by inducing MCP‐1/CCR2 expression through signalling involving the TLR4, ERK, JNK, PI3K and NF‐κB signalling pathways, which could contribute to the mechanism of chancre self‐healing in syphilis.
Factors associated with spiritual care competencies in Taiwan’s clinical nurses: A descriptive correlational study
Authors: Hsieh Suh‐Ing , Hsu Li‐Ling , Kao Chen‐Yi , Breckenridge‐Sproat Sara , Lin Hui‐Ling , Tai Hsiu‐Chen , Huang Tzu‐Hsin , Chu Tsung‐Lan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine factors associated with nurses’ spiritual care competencies.BackgroundHolistic nursing care includes biopsychosocial and spiritual care. However, nurses are limited by a lack of knowledge, time constraints and apprehension of assessing spiritual issues, which leaves them unable to assess and meet patients’ spiritual needs. Thus, when patients experience spiritual distress, clinical nurses lose the opportunity to support spiritual growth and self‐actualisation. In Taiwan, spiritual care, religion and culture are unique compared to those in other countries. Overall, factors associated with Taiwanese nurses’ spiritual care competencies lack comprehensive exploration.MethodsThis study adopted a descriptive correlational design using cross‐sectional survey (see AppendixS1). Cluster sampling was used to select clinical nurses from fourteen units of a medical centre and a regional hospital. Data were collected from January–June 2018 with a 97.03% response rate. Clinical nurses completed a background questionnaire, spiritual care practice questionnaire, spirituality and spiritual care‐related scales. Data were analysed using descriptive and linear regression. This report followed the STROBE checklist.ResultsSpiritual care competence ranged from 44–123 (mean 84.67 ± 12.88; range 27–135). The majority of clinical nurses rated their spiritual care competence as moderate (64–98). The significant factors associated with nurses’ spiritual care competence were education, religion, interest in spiritual care, having role models, past life events, barriers to providing spiritual care of the spiritual care practice score, and spiritual attitude and involvement score. The overall model was significant (p < .001) and accounted for 55.0% of variance (adjustedR2 = .488).ConclusionsMost clinical nurses have moderate spiritual care competence. Objective factors identified affect clinical nurses’ spiritual care competencies.Relevance to clinical practiceTo improve nurses’ spiritual care competencies, objective factors that affect clinical nurses’ spiritual care competencies must be emphasised. Multiple strategies for enhancing nurses’ own spiritual well‐being can be provided via employee health promotion projects and activities, and promoting nurses’ spirituality and spiritual care competencies can be explored in clinical settings through bedside teaching, situational simulation, objective structured clinical examinations and self‐reflection.
A taxonomy to assess the interaction between nurses and children: Development and reliability
Authors: van Ingen Schenau‐Veldman Ina S. A. , Niemeijer Anuschka S. , Zuiker Jan‐Kees , Scholten‐Jaegers Sonja M. H. J. , Lamberts Kirsten F. , Nieuwenhuis Marianne K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess the nurse‐child interaction during medical or nursing interventions.BackgroundCommunication is an important competency for the professional practice of nurses and physicians. The nurse‐patient relationship is fundamental for high‐quality care. It has been suggested that if nurses have more skills to interact with children, care will be less distressing and less painful for the children.DesignA qualitative observational psychometric study; the GRRAS checklist was used.MethodsIn‐depth video‐analyses, taxonomy development (19 videos) and testing it is psychometric properties (10 videos). Three observers micro‐analysed video recordings of experienced nurses changing children's wound dressing in a specialised Burn Centre.ResultsThe nurse‐child interaction taxonomy (NCIT) was developed to observe and score the interactional behaviour between nurse and child. The taxonomy has three main patterns: being considerate, attuning oneself, and procedural interventions, subdivided in eight dimensions. These dimensions contain 16 elements that can be observed and scored on a 7‐point scale. Intra‐rater, inter‐rater reliability and agreement were good.ConclusionsThis study shows that interaction between nurses and children can be assessed reliably with the NCIT by an experienced observer or alternatively, scoring by two observers is recommended.Relevance to clinical practiceThe development of the taxonomy is an important step to find evidence for the best way for nurses to interact with children during nursing interventions or medical events and as such, ultimately, contributes to providing the best care possible.
Frailty screening in hospitalised older adults: How does the brief Dutch National Safety Management Program perform compared to a more extensive approach?
Authors: Warnier Ron M. J. , van Rossum Erik , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Magdelijns Fabienne , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Kempen Gertrudis I. J. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the predictive properties of the brief Dutch National Safety Management Program for the screening of frail hospitalised older patients (VMS) and to compare these with the more extensive Maastricht Frailty Screening Tool for Hospitalised Patients (MFST‐HP).BackgroundScreening of older patients during admission may help to detect frailty and underlying geriatric conditions. The VMS screening assesses patients on four domains (i.e. functional decline, delirium risk, fall risk and nutrition). The 15‐item MFST‐HP assesses patients on three domains of frailty (physical, social and psychological).DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsData of 2,573 hospitalised patients (70+) admitted in 2013 were included, and relative risks, sensitivity and specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of the two tools were calculated for discharge destination, readmissions and mortality. The data were derived from the patients nursing files. A STARD checklist was completed.ResultsDifferent proportions of frail patients were identified by means of both tools: 1,369 (53.2%) based on the VMS and 414 (16.1%) based on the MFST‐HP. The specificity was low for the VMS, and the sensitivity was low for the MFST‐HP. The overall AUC for the VMS varied from 0.50 to 0.76 and from 0.49 to 0.69 for the MFST‐HP.ConclusionThe predictive properties of the VMS and the more extended MFST‐HP on the screening of frailty among older hospitalised patients are poor to moderate and not very promising.Relevance to clinical practiceThe VMS labels a high proportion of older patients as potentially frail, while the MFST‐HP labels over 80% as nonfrail. An extended tool did not increase the predictive ability of the VMS. However, information derived from the individual items of the screening tools may help nurses in daily practice to intervene on potential geriatric risks such as delirium risk or fall risk.
Prevalence and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in reproductive‐aged married women: A cross‐sectional epidemiological study
Authors: Yilmaz Banu A. , Sonmez Yonca , Sezik Mekin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimWe aimed (i) to evaluate the point prevalence for sexual dysfunction in a population of reproductive‐aged married women living in an urban area in Isparta, Turkey, (ii) to examine demographic and psychosocial risk factors for sexual dysfunction.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional design, following single‐stage cluster sampling all married women living in three representative areas (n = 1323) were approached at their place of residence. Female sexual dysfunction, poor mental health and marital adjustment were assessed with the 9‐item Index of Female Sexual Function, the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire, and Locke‐Wallace Short Marital‐Adjustment Test, respectively. Descriptive data were presented as frequencies, percentages and mean ± standard deviations. Chi‐square and independent samples t‐test were used for univariate analysis. Logistic regression model was constructed to define independent risk factors for sexual dysfunction. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 1216 women included in analyses (response rate 91.9%), 45.0% experience sexual dysfunction. Poor marital adjustment and poor mental health are associated with sexual dysfunction (odds ratio = 4.06; 95% confidence interval = 2.97–5.54; odds ratio = 2.74; 95% confidence interval = 2.00–3.72, respectively). Lack of social insurance, chronic disease of the spouse, perception of deficient knowledge on sexuality‐related topics, perceived sexual problems, and increasing duration of marriage were also associated with sexual dysfunction (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionScreening of married women for sexual dysfunction and the risk factors revealed in the present study may permit appropriate preventive interventions.
The Bribery Paradox in Transition Economies and the Enactment of ‘New Normal’ Business Environments
Authors: Eddleston Kimberly A. , Banalieva Elitsa R. , Verbeke Alain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe develop a novel, sense‐making perspective on corruption in transition economies. Prior research has focused on understanding why some entrepreneurs are more likely to pay bribes than others. It typically assumes that paying bribes will lead to an intended – albeit unfair – competitive advantage. We challenge this assumption and uncover a bribery paradox: drawing upon sense‐making logic, we argue that beyond gaining an immediate benefit from bribing, entrepreneurs who frequently pay bribes may in the longer run be enacting a ‘new normal’ business environment perceived as high in obstacles, especially in transition countries. As sense making is grounded in identity construction and one’s social context, we argue that owners of family firms will be especially vulnerable to the dangers of perceiving greater obstacles over time and enacting an obstacle‐ridden ‘new normal’ business environment. We find empirical support for our framework on a sample of 310 privately held small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) from 22 transition economies.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carbetocin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in cows and gilts
Authors: Sun Pan , Xiao Hongzhi , Wang Jianzhong , Zhang Suxia , Cao Xingyuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, which is used to control postpartum hemorrhage after giving birth, was studied in cows and gilts after a single intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injection. Blood samples from animals were assessed by oxytocin radioimmunoassay, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. For gilts, there was no significant difference between half‐life (T1/2λZ), mean residue time (MRT), and maximum concentration (Cmax) between IM and IV administration. Conversely, the time to reach the Cmax (Tmax) and MRT were higher following administration of 350 μg/animal in cows via the IM administration compared with IV. The longest T1/2λZ was 0.85 hr, indicating carbetocin was absorbed and eliminated rapidly in both animal species after administration. The Tmax was similar between cows and gilts following IM administration. Moreover, the Cmax after IM injection was about half that of IV administration in both animals. The bioavailability was more than 80% in cows, suggesting administration via the IM route is efficient. This is in agreement with the longer T1/2λZ in cows after IM administration. However, the IV route is recommended for gilts due to a lower bioavailability (35%) and shorter T1/2λZ after IM administration compared with IV.
Pharmacokinetics of morphine in combination with dexmedetomidine and maropitant following intramuscular injection in dogs anaesthetized with halothane
Authors: Karna Sandeep Raj , Singh Preet , Chambers Paul , Kongara Kavitha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of morphine in combination with dexmedetomidine and maropitant injected intramuscularly in dogs under general anaesthesia. Eight healthy dogs weighing 25.76 ± 3.16 kg and 3.87 ± 1.64 years of age were used in a crossover study. Dogs were randomly allocated to four groups: (1) morphine 0.6 mg/kg; (2) morphine 0.3 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg; (3) morphine 0.3 mg/kg + maropitant 1 mg/kg; (4) morphine 0.2 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg + maropitant 0.7 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected before, 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 3 4, 6 and 8 hr after injection of the test drugs. Plasma concentration of the drugs was determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The elimination half‐life (T1/2) of morphine was higher and the clearance rate (CL) was lower when combined with dexmedetomidine (T1/2 = 77.72 ± 20.27 min, CL = 119.41 ± 23.34 ml kg−1 min−1) compared to maropitant (T1/2 = 52.73 min ± 13.823 ml kg−1 min−1, CL = 178.57 ± 70.55) or morphine alone at higher doses (T1/2 = 50.53 ± 12.55 min, CL = 187.24 ± 34.45 ml kg−1 min−1). Combining morphine with dexmedetomidine may increase the dosing interval of morphine and may have a clinical advantage.
Does Diversity Undermine the Welfare State? Evidence from the Provision of Local Public Services in European Regions
Authors: Filippetti Andrea 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThe management of the welfare state in a heterogeneous society is a growing challenge in Europe. This paper investigates the relationship between diversity and the welfare state by studying the citizens’ satisfaction about public services across European regions; it also establishes a link between research on diversity and the welfare state, and fiscal federalism theory, by focusing on the provision of local public services. We employ region level indicators of the citizens’ perception of local public services, regional autonomy, and regional diversity based on nationalities. We find that i) diversity is negatively correlated with the quality of local public services; and ii) regional autonomy partially improves the quality in the presence of diversity. When using objective measures of public services, the results are less robust; this raises an issue about the citizens’ perception about the functioning of the welfare state in heterogeneous communities which deserves attention from policy makers.
“We're Playing Sisters, on Paper!”: children composing on graphic playgrounds
Authors: Dyson Anne Haas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I draw on two childhood ethnographies to ask basic questions about the foundation of child writing. The first question is,where does writing come from in young children's lives?Answering this question will lead us to childhood play as the foundation of writing. The second question is,how do educators negotiate an inclusive, playful classroom culture in racially divisive and neoliberal times?This question will lead to a critical consideration of forming an inclusive culture in a racially and culturally diverse classroom. In this time of uniform, mandated curricula, rampant in the United States and elsewhere, and of the dismissive attitude towards play and towards childhood diversity (e.g., in race, culture and socioeconomic class), it is worth revisiting basic questions about the beginnings of writing in childhoods. The questions are relevant whether a child is writing on paper, screen, slate, or sand.
How long does the effect of botulinum toxin in neurogenic patients last? An analysis of the subset of “good responders”
Authors: Dominique Inès , Tremblais Benjamin , Charvier Kathleen , Nogueira Maria C. S. , Paparel Philippe , Journel Nicolas Morel , Ruffion Alain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess long‐term efficacity of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective monocentric study in a reference center. We included patients who received intradetrusor BoNT‐A for NDO between 2001 and 2015. The focus of our analysis was on patients defined as “good responders” (≥ 5 injections of intradetrusor BoNT‐A over a period of ≥5 years). The primary endpoint was the evaluation of long‐term efficacity of BoNT‐A. Recurrent NDO was monitored by the use of cystomanometry before the first injection and 1 month after each injection.The secondary objective was to assess the influence of NDO's etiology, age, and sex on the long‐term efficacity of the treatment.ResultsA total of 107 patients were included (60.7% with spinal cord injury [SCI] and 36.4% with multiple sclerosis [MS]). The mean follow‐up period was 83.7 months (66; 120). The mean number of injections was of 8.9 (5; 21). A total of 67.3% (n = 72) of patients were still controlled by treatment at the end of their follow‐up period. Therapeutic failure occurred in 30 patients (26.1%) with a cessation of BoNT‐A treatment at 76 months on average (median: 82.5 months). There was no significant impact of age (P = .42), sex (P = .35), or NDO's etiology (MS vs SCI; P = .54) on long‐term efficacy of BoNT‐A treatment.ConclusionThe results of our study indicate that the application of BoNT‐A seems to be an effective and durable treatment in a large number of neurogenic patients after more than 10 years of follow‐up. However, botulinum toxin tolerance occurred in approximately 25% of patients.