bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effect of shape on energy absorbing response of structures used in armored vehicles floors
Authors: Kamel Hisham 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are a major threat to the lives and wellbeing of soldiers transported in armored vehicles. The blast of an IED under vehicle body can cause severe injuries especially to the lower extremities of vehicle occupants. Blast-mitigating structures are developed to absorb as much energy as possible to protect occupants from the effect of blast. These structures are placed on vehicle floor to soften the impact on occupants’ lower extremities thus minimizing injuries. Shape plays an important role in determining the amount of energy absorbed in these structures. This paper presents a finite element study where nonlinear finite element (FE) models were used to simulate the motion of vehicle floor due to the blast of an IED. A benchmark structure was developed to mimic Skydex that is a trademark structure. Different shapes were then used and compared with Skydex. The study shows the potential of optimizing shape to maximize the performance of blast-mitigating structures.
Test rig design for upper-limb socket prosthetics at transradial amputation level
Authors: Bondok M M , El-Sheikh M A , El-Hadek M A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Statistics show that the transradial level is the most common level of upper-limb amputation seen by the prosthetist. Amputee needs an intermediate part to wear and fit the prosthetic device with the residual limb firmly. The socket is the only channel between residual limb and prosthetic components and is the crucial part of the prosthesis influencing the amputee’s acceptance considerably. The purpose of this design is making a test rig that can assess the socket while simulating arm movements that are common during activities of daily living such as:(Abduction, Adduction, Flexion, Extension, Supination and Pronation) in Euler angles: Yaw, Pitch and Roll. This test rig allows to predict when dislocation between the residual limb and the socket will be happened with any weight and at any plane.
Design and manufacturing of a test rig for measuring the torque required in soil drilling operations
Authors: Abdeldayem M A , Abo-Elnor M E , Mabrouk M H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Soil drilling operation has become one of the most important interests to researchers due to its many applications in engineering systems. Such as construction industry, soil samples for geological sciences and space sampling. The dominant factor in determining drilling parameters based on drilling operations experience or in some times based on proposed modelling techniques. As a result, soil drilling process using auger drilling is studied to obtain drilling parameters and then optimize these parameters to improve drilling performance which enables proper selection of machine for a required job. One of the main challenges that faces researchers during using modelling techniques to define the soil drilling problem is the complex nonlinear behaviour of the drilled medium itself due to its discontinuity and heterogeneous formation. This paper presents a developed apparatus that has been designed and manufactured to be used in measuring and recording the total torque required during soil drilling operation. A simplified auger drilling machine is built in soil-tool interaction laboratory, Military Technical College, to obtain experimental results that can be used to verify the presented models. Data acquisition measuring system is established to analyse experimental results using a. The Labview® program enables recording and displaying the output data collected mainly from sensors planted in the test rig. Results of both analytical and numerical models are then compared to experimental results to aid in developing the presented parametric study that can be used to define the working parameters during drilling operations in different types of soils.
Assessment of steel wire’s fatigue life using finite elements modelling and experimental testing
Authors: Lotfy H M , El-Shabasy A B , Attia T A , Hassan HA 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Various applications consist of wire rope as one of their most important construction parts. Wire ropes formed of three parts as basis; wires, strands and core. to get a deep understanding of wire ropes and their mechanical properties, it is essential to study their main part; the wire. For this reason, steel wire has been studied in this work to get its fatigue life as the number of cycles to failure using finite element modeling. FEM results have been verified using experiments; Flex tester machine and fatigue apparatus which is created and structured for this study. Outcomes have proved that using of bigger bending diameters resulted in increasing the fatigue life of the steel wire and vice versa. It is noticed that the FEM results have small and reasonable value of deviation comparing to the experimental results. Other mechanical properties of the steel wire have been obtained from FEM such as; equivalent Von-Mises stress, equivalent elastic strain, equivalent plastic strain and equivalent total strain.
Interactions between microorganisms and composite material with marble & granite filler
Authors: Ahmed H , Darwesh O 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is promising to develop new composite materials which have antimicrobial activity for many applications; this is our goal in this study. All experiments were done to achieve this an important objective by studying the interaction between the new composites and some pathogenic reference microorganisms. The produced composite was manufactured from industrial wastes. Recently, many research groups in all fields have focusing work on removing the wastes and recycling it as useful materials. In this study, the preparing new composite from marble and granite wastes with thermoplastic matrix PMMA was investigated. This composite is considered as new type of micro-nano composite because it has fillers in the nano and micro sizes. Pathogenic microorganisms, used in this study, obtained from the American type culture collection (ATCC; Rockville, MD, USA), yeast and one pathogenic fungus were applied. The evaluation of analysis was done by spectrophotometer SEM and EDX techniques. The suitable applications of new composite material were mentioned based upon the interaction recorded in the study. The study ends with recommendation for future modifications in the new composite materials to improve its resistances to microorganism.
Optical non linear characteristics of particles from natural resources
Authors: Ahmed H , Salah A , Hasabelnabi S , Khalil A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In these work some nano and micro particles such as granite, zeolite, diopside ferrous and sand glass which considered as waste or byproduct from mining industries. The micro and nano particles from natural resources were prepared by sieving and mixing with acidic solution at certain concentration, the particles are soaked and immerged in the acidic solution for long time to achieve reasonable hemogenity, sterring is done directly before measurements. The non linear characteristics of the prepared solution were measured by z-scan open aperture technique. The results explained in terms of the composition and structure of the micro and nano particles. Granite particles does not introduce any emission due to compact structure, while zeolite, diopside ferrous and sand glass have significant non linear spectrum related to their structure. The research introduces new applications of the ceramics materials micro and nano particles in non linear optical devices. The research ends with conclusions and recommendation for future work in this new field of applications. The new techniques and the new materials selected in the current study have good non linear optical characteristics; these are promising for practical application. It can be used for various optical applications such as optical modulators, sensors and other optical protection applications.
Improving water desalination efficiency by using carbon nanotubes as pre-treatment
Authors: AbdAllah A , El-Sallamy W , Azzam B , Osman T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Filters based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been highlighted as an emerging technology for water desalination. In this paper, the weight percentage (wt.%) of CNTs required for desalination is discussed. The idea is based upon addition of CNTs to simple filters that is employed as adsorbent for dissolved solids in water (sodium chloride removal). Different CNTs filters (using CNTs Multi walled tube type) specimens were fabricated. Experimental work was done, through building a test rig, to show the effect of percentage of weight of CNTs on desalination of (Red Sea and Brackish) water. The effect of multiple filtration stages has been also shown. It was shown that the filters containing CNTs would be effective if used at the intake of modern RO (Reverse Osmosis) water desalination plants. Using filters with CNTs as pre-treatment of intake water for the RO units will reduce feeding pressure, specific energy and power consumption.
Simulating ultrasonic vibration enhanced FSW process of AA6082 using finite element method
Authors: Mabrouk OM , El-Wazery M S , El-Desouky M A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Several modifications have been made on friction stir welding process to overcome some certain limitations which have been reported. One of these modifications is to use ultrasonic energy as an assistance tool in FSW process. In the present paper, a mathematical model is developed to express the heat generation during ultrasonic vibration enhanced friction stir welding process (UVeFSW). A finite element model is built to perform a transient thermal heat transfer analysis using ANSYS mechanical APDL software package. The temperature contours, temperature distribution and the thermal cycles were predicted using the moving heat source technique. To validate the model, k-type thermocouples were used to measure the temperature and thermal cycles at five locations. The results showed a good agreement between the simulated and experimentally measured results.
An experimental study on mechanical and ballistic characteristics of different HTPB composite propellant formulations
Authors: NourEldin A F , Adel WM , Attai YA , Ismail M A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to investigate the changing in the tensile behavior and the burning rate characteristics of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellantunder the variations of the crosslinking density, which was predominantly determined by the equivalent ratio of diisocyanate to total hydroxyl (NCO/OH ratio), which known as the curing ratio. Four variousbatches with different curing ratios (NCO/OH) percentage were produced in which the production processes were fixed. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at different temperatures (-40, 20 and 55°C), and different strain rates (0.000656 1/s, 0.0328 1/s) using a Zwick universal test machine. In order to measure the burning rate, cured solid propellant strands were tested using the acoustic wave emission method under different pressure ranging from 4 to 10 MPa. The experimental results indicate that the tensile behavior of HTPB propellant is remarkably influenced by curing ratio, strain rate, and temperature. It was observed that a great change on stress-strain curves affected various curing ratios and temperatures on the mechanical behavior of propellant composition. The results showed that high curing ratio leads to increase theultimatestress and decrease the strainat maximum stress, but higher temperatures lead to decrease theultimate stress and the strain at maximum stress.The curing ratios (NCO/OH) have an intense impact on mechanical characteristics, but slightly impact on ballistic characteristics for propellant. Furthermore, careful measurements of these parameters are important to control the production quality and to provide a reliable comparison between different propellant batches.
Penetration of long rods into semi-infinite metallic targets over wide range of impact velocities
Authors: Abdel-Kader M A , Riad A M , Ibrahim A Z 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the analytical model that describes the penetration process of a long rod into a semi-infinite metallic target over wide range of impact velocities has been presented. In this model, the target strength factor Rtis not considered as a constant but it is a function of penetration velocity whereas, the rod strength factor YP is represented by Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) of its material. The penetration process of the present model consists mainly of primary phase during which the rod front is subjected to erosion and secondary (after-flow) phase. The main equations of the used model are presented, arranged and compiled into a computer program. The program is capable of predicting the time histories of the parameters associated with the penetration process. Autodyn hydrocode package is used herein to simulate the penetration processes of long rods into targets examined by the present analytical model. The hydrocode is fed with the same data used in the model for rods and targets materials. Both the model predictions and the obtained numerical results of Auto dynhydro code, respectively, are compared with the corresponding experimental measurements of other investigators. Good agreement is generally obtained. In addition, representative samples of the model predictions and their corresponding simulation results of Autodyn hydro code are presented with relevant analyses and discussions. The obtained results prove the predictive capabilities of both the present model and Autodyn hydro code, respectively, where each of them could be used as a quick tool for determining the main parameters associated with the studied penetration process.
Experimental modal testing of a honeycomb sandwich plate
Authors: Aborehab A , Kamel M , Nemnem A F , Kassem M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Honeycomb structures have been widely used in several applications and industries in the past decades. Such structures have a significant role in aerospace engineering especially in building up the satellite structures. Honeycomb structures provide key benefits represented in high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and superior dimensional stability. Detailed finite element modelling of such structures is a great challenge as it involves high computational expense. Thus, equivalent modelling is mandatory. The detailed and equivalent finite element models of a honeycomb plate are introduced intensively throughout analyzing its dynamic behaviour using the modal analysis module in ANSYS workbench software. The equivalent modelling is carried out via the three-layered sandwich theory and leads to the calculation of the first four natural frequencies and the related mode shapes. An experimental modal testing of the honeycomb sandwich plate is implemented for the sake of validating the computational results. A good agreement is obtained when comparing both experimental and computational results with mean error not exceeding 5%. Finally, a parametric study is performed to relate the modal analysis results with different boundary conditions cases. The results show that the model can be a reliable basis for satellite honeycomb sandwich structures design.
A new artificial neural network model integrated with a cat swarm optimization algorithm for predicting the emitted noise during axial piston pump operation
Authors: Elsheikh A H , Abd Elaziz M , Babikir HA , Wu D , Liu Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study presents a new artificial intelligence based methodology to predict the emitted noise of an Axial Piston Pump (APP). The suggested method depends on augmentation of conventional Artificial Neural Network (ANN) via integration with Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). CSO is used to obtain the optimal structure of ANN. The training and testing of the approach were accomplished using experimental data sets considering six system operating pressures (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 MPa) and five speed levels (600, 900, 1200, 1500, and 1800 rpm). Two valve seat materials were investigated: polyetheretherket one (PEEK) and 316L stainless steel. A reasonable agreement was observed between the predicted results obtained by the developed method and the experimental data.
Modelling and experimental investigation of high – pressure common rail diesel injection system
Authors: Niklawy W , Shahin M , Amin MI , Elmaihy A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The high-pressure Common Rail (HPCR) injection system was originally introduced for diesel engines to both reduce pollutant emissions and enhancement of performance. HPCR separates fuel pressurization and injection processes from each other. The high injection pressure generated by the common rail system provides better atomisation and evaporation of fuel spray, resulting in improved air inlet and fuel jet mixing, which is advantageous for lowering soot emission. In this paper, a mathematical common rail injection system model has been presented. A Simulink/Matlab code was developed to execute this simulation. This work does not only seek to validate the presented numerical model but to have more insight for understanding the overall common rail injection system diesel engine performance under different operating conditions. Some simulation results are illustrated to highlight modelling capability.The engine used is an HCCI turbocharged diesel engine, 2776 cc, 4-stroke, and 4-cylinder, water-cooled with overhead valve mechanism. The common rail pressure, fuel consumption, start and duration of each injection through one engine cycle are measured at various engine speed and loads. The measured common rail fuel pressure and consumption are used to validate the simulation results. The findings of the simulation show good consistency with the experimental results. At last, some simulation results, which highlight the modelling capability, are illustrated at certain values of engine speed and load.
Performance of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with common rail fuel injection
Authors: Niklawy W , Shahin M , Amin M I , Elmaihy A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is a newly introduced technology. However, controlling the HCCI timing of ignition and theheat release rate, at all operating regimes, present the biggest challenge due to the complicated and highly coupled combustion problems. The successful implementation of the common rail injection system in diesel engines has made this possible. The main key for this success is the capability to optimize the most important fuel injection parameters, namely timing, rate, and duration.This work experimentally investigates the performance of an HCCI Diesel engine with a Common Rail Direct Injection (DI) fuel system. The engine used is a turbocharged 2776 cc, 4-stroke, 4-cylinder, water-cooled with overhead valve mechanism. The engine performance is evaluated and presented at different loads and speeds. The Apparent Heat Release Rate during combustion is evaluated from the measured cylinder pressure-crank angle data. The pressure in the fuel line is measured at the entry to different fuel injectors to investigate the effect of pressure wave propagation in the fuel line on the fuel injection system.
Aerodynamic performance improvement using a micro-cylinder as a passive flow control around the S809 airfoil
Authors: Mostafa W , Abdelsamie A , Mohamed M , Thévenin D , Sedrak M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aerodynamic performance improvement of airfoilsis the first step towards enhancement ofthe wind turbine performance in electricity generation and energy conversion inrenewable energy applications. The flow behavioraround wind turbine blades profilecan be improved by introducing active and/or passive flow controls. This work numerically describes the impact of adding micro-cylinder, as a passive flow control around S809 airfoil, on aerodynamic performance under various operating conditions. A suitable combination of flow analysis and optimization technique has been used in the current work.The numerical simulation has been performed using ANSYSFluent 18.2 software. The airfoil was numerically analysed in flow atReynolds number of 106; aerodynamic coefficients (lift and drag coefficients) at different angle of attacks were validated with the experimental data reported by Somers in NREL. The Response Surface Method (RSM) is applied to obtain the optimum position of micro-cylinder to achieve maximum lift to drag ratio. It has been found that the total aerodynamic forces are sensitive to the location of the micro-cylinder. A significant enhancement of lift to drag ratio can be achieved by adding micro-cylinder in front of S809 airfoil especially at high Reynolds number.
Assistive exoskeleton hand glove using soft pneumatic actuators: design optimization
Authors: El-Agroudy M N , Awad M I , Rehan A , Maged S A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An assistive exoskeleton hand glove can be the solution to people who suffer from impairment in hand functionality. Soft pneumatic actuators (SPA) are used to actuate such glove. This paper focus on optimizing the design of the soft actuator. Finite element (FE) model is linked with the design optimization tool to find the optimal dimensions and materials of the SPA that give maximum displacement of the actuator with acceptable stresses on the actuator’s body. Performance analysis shows the relation between different parameters and how each affect the performance of the actuator. Results show the dimensions and materials needed to have maximum actuator displacement without being subjected to high stresses.
Ultrasonic-assisted drilling of nickel-based super alloy in conel 601: An experimental study
Authors: Abdelaziz A M , Youssef H , Al-Makky M , El-Hofy H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, a comparison between ultrasonic-assisted drilling (UAD) and conventional drilling (CD) is presented under different feed rates using thrust force, torque, and hole geometrical errors as output responses. The experiments were done on plates of Inconel 601 (nickel-based superalloy), which is classified as a difficult-to-cut alloy due to its high Nickel content (60%), high hardness (43 HRC), and low thermal conductivity. The experiments were performed using DMG Mori Ultrasonic 20 linear, which is equipped with ultrasonic tool holderoscillating at 20 kHz with 7 μm amplitude. A coated carbide single margin twist drill had been used in the experiments. Full factorial design of experiments approach was employed, and the results had been statistically analyzed to find the most significant factor affecting the process responses. The results showed that the ultrasonic assistance had reduced the thrust force, and torque compared to conventional drilling (CD). Also, a reduction in holecylindricity error was detectedduring UAD, whichimprovesthe hole quality. In case of UAD, twist drills did not suffer from a physical wear, however notch wear was observed in CD drills. Chip morphology was also studied. Short segmented chips were obtained when using UAD which improved chip evacuation and reduced the chance of chip jamming in the drill flutes.