bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic domain-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pourseif Mohammad Mostafa , Parvizpour Sepideh , Jafari Behzad , Dehghani Jaber , Naghili Behrooz , Omidi Yadollah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is undoubtedly the most challenging pandemic in the current century with more than 253,381 deaths worldwide since its emergence in late 2019 (updated May 6th, 2020). COVID-19 is caused by a novel emerged coronavirus named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Today, the world needs crucially to develop a prophylactic vaccine scheme for such emerged and emerging infectious pathogens. In this study, we have targeted spike (S) glycoprotein, as an important surface antigen of SARS-CoV-2, to identify its immunodominant B- and T-cell epitopes. We have conducted a multi-method B-cell epitope (BCE) prediction approach using different predictor algorithms to discover most potential BCEs. Besides, we sought among a pool of MHC class I and II-associated peptide binders provided by the IEDB server through the strict cut-off values. To design a broad-coverage vaccine, we carried out a population coverage analysis for a set of candidate T-cell epitopes and based on the HLA allele frequency in the top most-affected countries by COVID-19 (update 02 April 2020). The final determined B- and T-cell epitopes were mapped on the S glycoprotein sequence, and three potential hub regions covering the largest number of overlapping epitopes were identified for the vaccine designing (I531–N711; T717–C877; and V883–E973). Here, we have designed two domain-based constructs to be produced and delivered through the recombinant protein- and gene-based approaches, including (i) an adjuvanted domain-based protein vaccine construct (DPVC), and (ii) a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine (SAMV) construct. The safety, stability, and immunogenicity of the DPVC were validated using the integrated sequential (i.e. allergenicity, autoimmunity, and physicochemical features) and structural (i.e. molecular docking between the vaccine and human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 5) analysis. The stability of the docked complexes was evaluated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These rigorous in silico validations supported the potential of the DPVC and SAMV to promote both innate and specific immune responses in the animal studies.
Fast automated detection of COVID-19 from medical images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Liang Shuang , Liu Huixiang , Gu Yu , Guo Xiuhua , Li Hongjun , Li Li , Wu Zhiyuan , Liu Mengyang , Tao Lixin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that poses significant health risks. The sensitivity of diagnostic tests for COVID-19 is low due to irregularities in the handling of the specimens. We propose a deep learning framework that identifies COVID-19 from medical images as an effective auxiliary testing method to improve diagnostic sensitivity. We use pseudo-coloring methods and a platform for annotating X-ray and computed tomography (CT) images to train and evaluate the convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN achieves a performance similar to that of experts and provides high scores for multiple statistical indices, with F1 scores above 96% and specificity over 99%. Heatmaps are used to visualize the salient features extracted by the CNN. The CNN-based regression provides strong correlations between the lesion areas in the images and five clinical indicators, improving the interpretation accuracy of the classification framework. The proposed method represents a potential computer-aided diagnosis method for COVID-19 in clinical practice.
The exact place of PCR and chest CT in screening, staging, and diagnosis of Covid-19: A meta-analysis
Authors: Khatami Fatemeh , Saatchi Mohammad , Zadeh Seyed Saeed Tamehri , Aghamir Zahra Sadat , Shabestari Alireza Namazi , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak causing by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (nCoV). There are two diagnostic protocol based on chest CT scan and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which their diagnostic accuracy is under the debate. We designed this meta-analysis study to determine the diagnostic value of initial chest CT scan in patients with nCoV infection in comparison with RT- PCR.Search strategy and statistical analysis: Three main databases the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE was systematically searched for all published literatures from January 1st, 2019, to the 27th march 2020 with key grouping of “COVID19 virus”, “2019 novel coronavirus”, “Wuhan coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “X-Ray Computed Tomography”, “Polymerase Chain Reaction”, “Reverse Transcriptase PCR”, and “PCR Reverse Transcriptase”. All relevant case- series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction was done in Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, CA) and their analysis was performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5.Result: From first recruited 668 articles we end up to the final 47 studies, which comprised a total sample size of 4238 patients. In compare to RT-PCR, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan were 86% (95% CI: 83% -90%), 43 % (95% CI: 26% -60%), 67% (95% CI: 57% -78%), and 84% (95% CI: 74% -95%) respectively. However the RT-PCR should be repeated for three times in order to give the 99% accuracy especially in negative samples.Conclusion: According to the acceptable sensitivity of chest CT scan, it can be employed complement to RT-PCR to diagnosis patients who are clinically suspicious for nCoV.
Mathematical model of COVID-19 intervention scenarios for São Paulo- Brazil
Authors: Neto Osmar Pinto , Reis José Clark , Brizzi Ana Carolina Brisola , Zambrano Gustavo José , de Souza Joabe Marcos , Pedroso Wellington Amorim , Pedreiro Rodrigo Cunha de Mello , Brizzi Bruno de Matos , Abinade Ellysson Oliveira , Kennedy Deanna M. , Zângaro Renato Amaro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An epidemiological compartmental model was used to simulate social distancing strategies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent a second wave in São Paulo, Brazil. Optimization using genetic algorithm was used to determine the optimal solutions. Our results suggest the best-case strategy for São Paulo is to maintain or increase the current magnitude of social distancing for at least 60 more days and increase the current levels of personal protection behaviors by a minimum of 10% (e.g., wearing facemasks, proper hand hygiene and avoid agglomeration). Followed by a long-term oscillatory level of social distancing with a stepping-down approach every 80 days over a period of two years with continued protective behavior.
Beta transmuted Lomax distribution with applications
Authors: Hurairah Ahmed , Alabid Abdelhakim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we propose and test a composite generalizer of the Lomax distribution .The genesis of the beta distribution and transmuted map is used to develop the so-called beta transmuted Lomax (BTL) distribution. The properties of the distribution are discussed and explicit expressions are derived for the moments, mean deviations, quantiles, distribution of order statistics and reliability. The maximum likelihood method is used for estimating the model parameters, and the finite sample performance of the estimators is assessed by simulation. Finally, the authors demonstrate the usefulness of the new distribution in analysing positive data.
The positional MEF-TOPSIS method for the assessment of complex economic phenomena in territorial units
Authors: Łuczak Aleksandra , Just Małgorzata 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the authors propose a new methodological approach to the construction of a synthetic measure, where the objects are described by variables with strong asymmetry and extreme values (outliers). Even a single extreme value (very large or very small) of a variable for the object may significantly affect the attribution of an excessively high or low rank in the final ranking of objects. This dependence is particularly apparent when using the classical TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. The aim of the study is to present the application potential of the positional MEF-TOPSIS method for the assessment of the level of development of complex economic phenomena for territorial units. In the positional TOPSIS method, the application of the spatial median of Oja, which limits the impact of strong asymmetry, is proposed. In order to weaken the influence of extreme values, the Mean Excess Function (MEF) is used, by means of which it is possible to identify the limits of extreme values and establish model objects. The proposed approach is used to assess the financial self-sufficiency of Polish municipalities in 2016. The study finally compares the results of applications of positional MEF-TOPSIS and the classic and positional TOPSIS methods.
Optimization and modelling of mahua oil biodiesel using RSM and genetic algorithm techniques
Authors: Kolakoti Aditya , Jha Panchanand , Mosa Prakasa Rao , Mahapatro Manohar , Kotaru Tulasi Ganesh 
Published: June 2020

In this present investigation, four important process parameters of catalyst concentration, molar ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature were studied and optimized using Box Behnken assisted response surface method (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to achieve the maximum mahua oil biodiesel yield. For this purpose, 27 experiments were conducted randomly based on the design matrix using statistical software MiniTab®2019. A maximum yield of 91.32 % is achieved in RSM, catalyst concentration and reaction time are identified as influence parameters in biodiesel yield. GA modelling show an improvement of 4.96 % in biodiesel yield compared to RSM approach. Both techniques are successfully tested in prediction and modelling the biodiesel yield from mahua oil. The obtained biodiesel from the transesterification process is blended with standard diesel fuel at various proportions (B10 to B90) and tested for different fuel properties. All the biodiesel blends are observed within the limits of international standards of ASTMD-6751 and EN-14214. The results indicate that the chosen models are highly accurate in achieving maximum biodiesel yield and mahua biodiesel is recommended as the best alternative fuel to diesel engines without any major modifications in the engine design.
Preclinical Assessment of a Cartridge-Based Flow-Through Assay for Determination of Adult CD4 T-Cell Count
Authors: Bystryak Simon , Acharya Chitrangada , Dobiszewski Kyle , Zhu Hongying , Bandwar Rajiv P. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Despite the emphasis on viral load testing, current HIV testing guidelines consider CD4 T-cell count measurement as an important criterion for assessing disease progression, making decisions about anti-retroviral therapy regime changes, and treating HIV infected individuals with opportunistic infections. The CD4 counting by established methods (e.g., flow cytometry) presents challenges not only in resource-scarce settings due to cost and lack of skilled technicians but also in resource-rich areas where it is limited to centralized facilities.

Objective:
Current options for Point-Of-Care (POC) CD4 enumeration are few and labor-intensive, prompting the need for newer technological methods that can overcome the aforementioned challenges.

Methods:
The novel and patented flow-through cell counting assay (FTCA) described previously (Bystryak et al., 2019) was developed further into a point-of-care CD4 testing system using a disposable cartridge device and a portable imaging instrument. A pilot study with ~100 samples using this device was conducted to assess the validity of FTCA as a POC test for the measurement of CD4 count.

Results:
The FTCA signal was found to be linear over a wide range (17 - 1540 cells/μL) of CD4 T-cell concentration. The FTCA method also exhibits a strong agreement with flow cytometry, with very low bias (− 7 cells/μL) towards CD4 count measurement.

Conclusion:
The cartridge-based FTCA method has great potential to be a fully quantitative method with low complexity, portability, low-cost, and wide applicability in clinical practice.
Irrelevant, overlooked, or lost? Trends in 20 years of uncited and low cited K-12 online learning articles
Authors: Arnesen Karen , Walters Shea , Barbour Michael K. , Borup Jered 
Published: June 2020

In this study, we analyzed a subset of uncited or low cited articles from the data reported in Arnesen, Hveem, Short, West, and Barbour (2019), who examined the trends in K-12 online learning articles from 1994 to 2016. We identified 62 articles that had 5 or fewer citations, and analyzed them for trends in authorship, publication outlets, dates of publication, and topics that could help explain their low citation numbers. We also analyzed topics to see what contribution they might have made and can still make to the field of K-12 online learning. We found that the majority of these articles had been published in many different, less well-known journals. We also found that these articles may have attracted fewer readers because they addressed topics that seemed to have a narrow focus, often outside of the United States. The articles were also authored by both well-known researchers in the field as well as a number of one-time authors. What we did not find were articles that were uninteresting, poorly researched, or irrelevant. Many of the articles described and discussed programs that grappled with and overcame some of the same challenges online learning still faces today: issues of interaction, community, technology, management, etc. Some of the early articles gave interesting insights into the history of K-12 online learning, especially as it involved rural learners and programs. Others addressed less mainstream but still interesting topics such as librarians in online learning, cross-border AP history classes, policies that helped or hindered the growth of online learning, and practical considerations of cost and access.
Crisis Planning for Online Students: Lessons Learned from a Major Disruption
Authors: Holzweiss Peggy C , Walker Daniel W , Chisum Ruth , Sosebee Thomas 
Published: June 2020

While institutions have crisis management plans, they are often focused on face-to-face students and the physical campus. In this case study, researchers investigated the crisis response for online students at one institution after Hurricane Harvey hit the Houston, Texas, area in the fall of 2017. While face-to-face students were not severely impacted, more than a thousand online students were in the impact zone and in danger of dropping out. With financial resources and student retention at risk, campus leaders approved a strategy to delay online courses for several weeks. This study examines the experiences of the front-line staff who implemented the plan. Findings suggest that institutions need a proactive crisis plan for online students that includes understanding where this population resides, how different campus units can provide support in a crisis, who should lead the crisis response, and what kind of care can be offered to the front-line responders during the crisis period.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MEA DENGAN METODE SCAFFOLDING TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP FISIKA DITINJAU DARI SRL
Authors: Moong Petronela Agata , Sundaygara Chandra , Ayu Hena Dian 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran MEA dengan metode scaffolding terhadap penguasaan konsep fisika ditinjau dari SRL. Metode penelitian ini adalah quasy experimental dengan rancangan posttest only control group design. Penentuan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan instrumen penelitian adalah soal tes dan angket. Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji anova dua jalur pada taraf signifikan 5% dengan bantuan program Microsoft Excel 2010. Hasil analisis diketahui bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan MEA dengan metode scaffolding berbeda dengan konvensional. Hal ini dibuktikan dari uji anova dua jalur penguasaan konsep fisika menunjukkan FHitung > FTabel (4,2 > 3,92). Uji anova dua jalur penguasaan konsep fisika berdasarkan SRL tinggi dan rendah menunjukkan FHitung > FTabel (26,17 > 3,92), artinya penguasaan konsep siswa yang memiliki SRL tinggi berbeda dengan siswa yang memiliki SRL rendah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran MEA dengan metode scaffolding berpengaruh terhadap penguasaan konsep fisika ditinjau dari SRL
Persistent congestion, renal dysfunction and inflammatory cytokines in acute heart failure: a prognosis study
Authors: Pugliese Nicola R. , Fabiani Iacopo , Conte Lorenzo , Nesti Lorenzo , Masi Stefano , Natali Andrea , Colombo Paolo C. , Pedrinelli Roberto , Dini Frank L. 
Published: June 2020

Aims
Chronic kidney dysfunction (CKD) and persistent congestion influence heart failure prognosis, but little is known about the role of inflammation in this association. We assessed the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers, persistent congestion and CKD and their prognostic implications in patients with acute heart failure.

Methods
We enrolled 97 hospitalised patients (mean age: 66 ± 12 years, ejection fraction: 30 ± 8%) with acute heart failure. Before discharge, congestion was assessed using a heart failure scoring system on the basis of Framingham criteria. Circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, TGF-β-1, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type 1 and 2 were measured. Patients were divided into four groups according to the presence of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and congestion (Framingham heart failure score ≥2). The primary end point was the combination of death and rehospitalisation for acute heart failure.

Results
During a median follow-up of 32 months, 37 patients died and 14 were rehospitalised for acute heart failure. Patients with CKD and congestion had significantly higher TNF-α (P = 0.037), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type 1 (P = 0.0042) and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type 2 (P = 0.001), lower TGF-β-1 (P = 0.02) levels, and the worst outcome (P < 0.0001). Congestion (P = 0.01) and CKD (P = 0.02) were independent predictors of the end-point together with N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (P = 0.002) and TNF-α (P = 0.004). TNF-α attenuated the direct relation between CKD, congestion and outcome, explaining 40% of the difference in the outcome.

Conclusion
In patients hospitalised with acute heart failure, the prognostic impact of persistent congestion and CKD is associated with increased cytokine levels, which may also interfere with the outcome.
Oceans Apart?: The Rule of Lenity in Australia and the United States
Authors: Murphy Julian R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Occasionally traced back to Byzantine times, the rule that penal statutes are to be interpreted strictly in favor of the subject, also known as the rule of lenity, now finds expression in common law countries across the world. This Article compares the origins and evolution of the rule in Australia and the United States. The comparison is timely because of the current uncertainty in both jurisdictions about the rule's rationale and scope and because of an emerging global trend towards the “constitutionalization” of common law rules of interpretation. In the course of the analysis, various facets of the rule are discussed, including its common law origins; jurisprudential development; purported constitutional foundations; and modifications by state and federal statutes. Tracing the rule's development in each country reveals significant commonalities, but also important differences, in the respective approaches to the interpretation of criminal statutes. Most importantly, despite similarities in the two countries’ constitutional structures, the rule has assumed constitutional significance in the United States but not in Australia. Identification of this marked difference provides an opportunity to reflect on the separation of powers, and the federal structure, of each country.
Freedom of Religion in the Brazilian Supreme Court in a Period of Three Decades
Authors: Duarte Fernanda , Iorio Filho Rafael Mario 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Judicial institutions which provide legal mechanisms for conflict resolution play an important role in maintaining the social order of complex societies. Weaknesses in the performance of their duties can contribute to social conflict developing into outright violence that will be beyond the management of law and the courts. In this sense it is strategic to study the judicial system and the decision-making processes of its judges if one wants to understand the ways conflicts are dealt in a certain place and time. In this article we focus our attention on the role of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court as custodian of the Constitution and the discourses that its decision-making construct when dealing with human rights issues. Specifically we set out to understand how the opinions of Brazilian Supreme Court Justices are constructed when deciding cases concerning freedom of religion. The timeline considered covers 31 years, from 1988 to 2019, a period that begins with the promulgation of the new constitution in 1988 (which symbolically reinstated democracy in the country after the end of the period of military rule that began in 1964) up to the present day. We begin by presenting the legal definition of freedom of religion in Brazil which constitutes the normative background of the discussion. We then discuss our project, stressing the methodological approach we have adopted and finally we present our data findings. We identified 39 cases in total of which 11 were selected and analyzed using the methodology of Semiolinguistic Discourse Analysis in order to define the semantic field related to freedom of religion in Brazil. Even though the number of cases is not large it is possible to identify some features of Brazilian legal culture which are also recurrent when dealing with religious freedom. One of these features is the absence of consensus-building logic in the Justices’ opinions—we attribute this to what we term the disputatio mindset—which contributes to continuing institutional instability and legal insecurity. Our findings suggest that these Supreme Court decisions frequently lack the strong level of rational consistency that lower courts require if they are to identify clear guiding principles that can control the outcomes of new cases
Klein-Beltrami model. Part IV
Authors: Coghetto Roland 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Timothy Makarios (with Isabelle/HOL1) and John Harrison (with HOL-Light2) shown that “the Klein-Beltrami model of the hyperbolic plane satisfy all of Tarski’s axioms except his Euclidean axiom” [2],[3],[4, 5].
With the Mizar system [1] we use some ideas taken from Tim Makarios’s MSc thesis [10] to formalize some definitions and lemmas necessary for the verification of the independence of the parallel postulate. In this article, which is the continuation of [8], we prove that our constructed model satisfies the axioms of segment construction, the axiom of betweenness identity, and the axiom of Pasch due to Tarski, as formalized in [11] and related Mizar articles.