bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delta opioid receptor activation modulates affective pain and modality‐specific pain hypersensitivity associated with chronic neuropathic pain
Authors: Cahill Catherine M. , Holdridge Sarah V. , Liu Shiwei (Steve) , Xue Lihua , Magnussen Claire , Ong Edmund , Grenier Patrick , Sutherland Anne , Olmstead Mary C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDelta opioid receptor (DOR) agonists alleviate nociceptive behaviors in various chronic pain models, including neuropathic pain, while having minimal effect on sensory thresholds in the absence of injury. The mechanisms underlying nerve injury‐induced enhancement of DOR function are unclear. We used a peripheral nerve injury (PNI) model of neuropathic pain to assess changes in the function and localization of DORs in mice and rats. Intrathecal administration of DOR agonists reversed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. The dose‐dependent thermal antinociceptive effects of DOR agonists were shifted to the left in PNI rats. Administration of DOR agonists produced a conditioned place preference in PNI, but not in sham, animals, whereas the DOR antagonist naltrindole produced a place aversion in PNI, but not in sham, mice, suggesting the engagement of endogenous DOR activity in suppressing pain associated with the injury. GTPγS autoradiography revealed an increase in DOR function in the dorsal spinal cord, ipsilateral to PNI. Immunogold electron microscopy and in vivo fluorescent agonist assays were used to assess changes in the ultrastructural localization of DORs in the spinal dorsal horn. In shams, DORs were primarily localized within intracellular compartments. PNI significantly increased the cell surface expression of DORs within lamina IV‐V dendritic profiles. Using neonatal capsaicin treatment, we identified that DOR agonist‐induced thermal antinociception was mediated via receptors expressed on primary afferent sensory neurons but did not alter mechanical thresholds. These data reveal that the regulation of DORs following PNI and suggest the importance of endogenous activation of DORs in regulating chronic pain states.
Hospital pharmacy services supporting Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia: a systematic review
Authors: Welch Susan , McMillan Faye , Moles Rebekah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo systematically review the literature to investigate the role of the hospital pharmacist and the services provided for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed following a search from inception to present of MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), EMBASE, Scopus and Pubmed, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. All forms of published literature were included. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people and hospital pharmacists/pharmacy department services in Australia were the populations included.Results1592 studies were identified. After removal of duplicates and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 papers underwent full text review, with 7 papers included in the final review. No high‐level evidence articles were found. Joanna Briggs Institute Levels of Evidence for meaningfulness were low. Settings were varied and included rural, remote and urban sites. Five articles were allocated a Donabedian Model level where the structure was described. Two papers described structure and process. None described outcomes. Hospital pharmacy services included development of models for patient care, partnerships and resource sharing in rural and remote areas and ensuring continuity of care.

ConclusionSystematic review of the literature to determine the role of hospital pharmacy services for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people produced limited publications for review. From these, roles identified included: development of models for patient care, partnerships and resource sharing in rural and remote areas and ensuring continuity of care. Future research and publication of work by hospital pharmacists nurturing and developing relationships in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is encouraged.
The evolution of the terrestrial‐terminating Irish Sea glacier during the last glaciation
Authors: Chiverrell Richard Christopher , Thomas Geoff Stephen Powell , Burke Matthew , Medialdea Alicia , Smedley Rachel , Bateman Mark , Clark Chris , Duller Geoffrey A. T. , Fabel Derek , Jenkins Geraint , Ou Xianjiao , Roberts Helen Marie , Scourse James 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTHere we reconstruct the last advance to maximum limits and retreat of the Irish Sea Glacier (ISG), the only land‐terminating ice lobe of the western British Irish Ice Sheet. A series of reverse bedrock slopes rendered proglacial lakes endemic, forming time‐transgressive moraine‐ and bedrock‐dammed basins that evolved with ice marginal retreat. Combining, for the first time on glacial sediments, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) bleaching profiles for cobbles with single grain and small aliquot OSL measurements on sands, has produced a coherent chronology from these heterogeneously bleached samples. This chronology constrains what is globally an early build‐up of ice during late Marine Isotope Stage 3 and Greenland Stadial (GS) 5, with ice margins reaching south Lancashire by 30 ± 1.2 ka, followed by a 120‐km advance at 28.3 ± 1.4 ka reaching its 26.5 ± 1.1 ka maximum extent during GS‐3. Early retreat during GS‐3 reflects piracy of ice sources shared with the Irish‐Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), starving the ISG. With ISG retreat, an opportunistic readvance of Welsh ice during GS‐2 rode over the ISG moraines occupying the space vacated, with ice margins oscillating within a substantial glacial over‐deepening. Our geomorphological chronosequence shows a glacial system forced by climate but mediated by piracy of ice sources shared with the ISIS, changing flow regimes and fronting environments.
Confocal Raman imaging as a useful tool to understand the internal microstructure of multicomponent aerogels
Authors: Benito‐González Isaac , Martínez‐Sanz Marta , López‐Rubio Amparo , Gómez‐Mascaraque Laura G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work shows the characterization of (nano)cellulosic aerogels prepared from Posidonia oceanica waste biomass by means of confocal Raman microscopy (CRM). For this aim, aerogels were prepared by simple freeze‐drying of aqueous dispersions of four (nano)cellulosic fractions with different purification degrees, tested at two different concentrations (0.5% and 2%). These were then coated with polylactic acid (PLA) in order to improve their hydrophobicity and subjected to oil sorption–desorption experiments. Both univariate and multivariate analyses, including an approach based on comparing the spectra with those of reference materials and another one based on automatic detection of components, were compared in terms of the quality and the accuracy of the information provided. Univariate analysis only provided accurate information in the simplest systems (native (nano)cellulosic aerogels), while multivariate analyses facilitated the detection of the different components even for the most complex structures. Automatic identification of components was selected as the optimal methodology, although it also underestimated the abundance of the components with the least intense Raman spectra (cellulosic clusters) in the presence of PLA and oil. Comparison with the reference materials resulted in unrealistic images for the most complex systems. Micron‐sized regions of concentrated cellulose were detected using CRM, being more abundant in the denser aerogels. Results also confirmed that PLA was preferentially located close to the surface, while oil could penetrate deeper along the matrix. Overall, the results showed the potential of Raman imaging as a novel approach for the characterization of complex biopolymeric aerogels.
Residue dissipation, transfer and safety evaluation of picoxystrobin during tea growing and brewing
Authors: Zhang Xinzhong , Cui Xuan , Wang Xinru , Zhong Qing , Zhou Li , Luo Fengjian , Wang Fang , Wu Luchao , Chen Zongmao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPicoxystrobin is a new osmotic and systemic broad‐spectrum methoxyacrylate fungicide with a good control effect on tea anthracnose, so it has been proposed to spray picoxystrobin before the occurrence and onset of tea anthracnose during tea bud growth in order to protect them. However, there are few reports about the residue analysis method, field dissipation, terminal residue and risk assessment of picoxystrobin in tea. And there is no scientific and reasonable maximum residue limit of picoxystrobin in green tea.RESULTSA rapid and sensitive analysis method for picoxystrobin residue in fresh tea leaf, green tea, tea infusion and soil was established by UPLC‐MS/MS. The spiked recoveries of picoxystrobin ranged from 73.1% to 111.0%, with relative standard deviations from 1.8% to 9.2%. The limits of quantitation were 20 μg kg−1 in green tea, 8 μg kg−1 in fresh tea leaves and soil and 0.16 μg kg−1 in tea infusion. The dissipation half‐lives of picoxystrobin in fresh tea leaf and soil were 2.7–6.8 and 2.5–14.4 days, respectively. And the maximum residue of picoxystrobin in green tea was 15.28 mg kg−1 with PHI at 10 days for terminal test. The total leaching rate of picoxystrobin during green tea brewing was lower than 35.8%.CONCLUSIONSAccording to safety evaluation, the RQc and RQa values of picoxystrobin in tea after 5 to 14 days for the last application were significantly lower than 1. Therefore, the maximum residue limit value of picoxystrobin in tea that we suggest to set at 20 mg kg−1 can ensure the safety of tea for human drinking. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of residue of diflufenican in wheat and soil by ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions
Authors: Hu Zhanli , Li Jun , Zhang Yezi , Shi Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to clarify whether the application of diflufenican in the wheat field will produce residues in wheat plants and soil. In this experiment, ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography was used to determine the residues of diflufenican in wheat plants, grains, and soil, which provided a new theoretical basis and technical guidance for the safe production of wheat.RESULTSThe results showed that the average diflufenican recovery per added level in wheat and soil were in the range of 85.7% to 91.3%, relative standard deviations were all in a range of 2.43% to 6.00%, and the minimum detectable amount of diflufenican was 1.0 × 10−10 g kg−1. With the increase of wheat growing days and soil layers, the residues of diflufenican in wheat plants and soil became lower. The order of residual amount of diflufenican in the growth period were heading period, flowering period, filling period and maturing period. The order of residual amount of diflufenican in different soil layers was 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80 and 80–100 cm respectively from the top to the bottom. In addition, with the increase of the dosage of diflufenican, the residual amount of diflufenican becomes higher. Thus, the residual amount of diflufenican after 2.0 times applied amount was higher than the 1.0 time applied amount.CONCLUSIONThe residual amounts of diflufenican in wheat and soil were very small, far below the value of the maximum residue limit (MRL) on wheat provided by China. Under the applied amount administered in this experiment, a single spray of diflufenican in wheat trifoliate is safe for wheat, humans and livestock. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnesium bioavailability of dried and thinly shaved kombu in rats
Authors: Nishiyama Manami , Funaba Masayuki , Matsui Tohru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMagnesium (Mg) is highly bioavailable in kombu compared with other edible seaweeds. However, a considerable amount of Mg is lost during industrial processing and cooking of kombu. We hypothesized that thinly shaved kombu (TSK), a traditional Japanese kombu product, is a suitable Mg source for daily diets because TSK hardly loses Mg during processing. Rats were fed diets containing TSK or magnesium oxide (MgO) to satisfy 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of their Mg requirements. We determined the relative Mg bioavailability of TSK compared to MgO and examined factors affecting Mg bioavailability in TSK.RESULTSThe relative bioavailability of Mg in TSK compared with MgO was calculated as 92.3%, 111.4%, and 87.2% from apparent absorption, urinary excretion, and femoral concentration of Mg, respectively. The ultrafiltrable Mg concentration was lower in the cecal content of rats given TSK than those given MgO. However, the mRNA expression of TRPM6, an Mg channel responsible for Mg absorption, was higher in the cecum of rats given TSK than those given MgO.CONCLUSIONEnhancement of TRPM6 expression in the large intestine negates the low bioaccessibility of Mg in TSK, and thus TSK shows Mg bioavailability comparable with MgO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced cytokine expression and upregulation of inflammatory signaling pathways in broiler chickens affected by wooden breast myopathy
Authors: Xing Tong , Luo Dan , Zhao Xue , Xu Xinglian , Li Jiaolong , Zhang Lin , Gao Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWooden breast (WB) myopathy in broiler chickens is a growing challenge for the poultry industry. Previous multi‐omic data have implied that the pathogenesis of WB is associated with the activation of immune system and inflammatory response. However, the intricate mechanisms are not fully understood. This study was therefore conducted to systematically investigate the morphology, expression of cytokines as well as the underlying signaling pathways regulating the inflammatory response in pectoralis major (PM) muscle of WB myopathic broilers.ResultswHistopathological changes, increased plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, elevated myeloperoxidase activity and overproduction of nitric oxide in muscle indicated the enhancement of muscle damage and inflammation in WB broilers. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of inflammatory cytokines were dysregulated in PM muscle and contents of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8 and tumor necrosis factor‐α were increased in serum of WB myopathic broilers, indicating this myopathy was associated with immune disorder and systemic inflammation response. Additionally, toll‐like receptor (TLR) levels were upregulated, the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling pathway was activated and the mRNA expression levels of downstream inflammatory mediators were enhanced in PM muscle of WB myopathy affected birds.ConclusionThe results indicated an immune disorder and a systemic inflammation response in WB myopathic broilers, which might be related to a synergetic effect of TLRs and NF‐κB pathway. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Preoperative C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio predicts long‐term outcomes in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Yasukawa Koya , Shimizu Akira , Motoyama Hiroaki , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Fukushima Kentaro , Ikehara Tomohiko , Hayashi Hikaru , Kobayashi Akira , Soejima Yuji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystemic inflammation may have prognostic value in some malignancies and association with lymph node metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of systemic inflammatory biomarkers on long‐term and oncological outcomes as well as to assess the association between biomarkers with lymph node metastasis in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients.MethodsWe enrolled 271 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Poor prognostic factors were compared to identify the biomarkers that were most associated with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) using receiver operating characteristic curves and multivariable analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between biomarkers and lymph node metastasis.ResultsFour and two biomarkers were predictive for OS and DFS, respectively, among which, the C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio (CAR) had the highest area under the curve values (OS: 0.631, DFS: 0.624). Multivariable analysis showed that a high CAR was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS (P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). Although a high CAR was not significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = .645), carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 showed a significant correlation (P < .001).ConclusionsPreoperative CAR is the most accurate prognostic factor for OS and DFS in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients and is independent of lymph node metastasis.
A healthy trophic structure underlies the resistance of pristine seagrass beds to nutrient enrichment
Authors: Yan Jiaguo , van der Heide Tjisse , Cui Baoshan , Bai Junhong , Ysebaert Tom , van de Koppel Johan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhether pristine ecosystems with intact trophic structures are more resilient to anthropogenic pressures than ecosystems facing human exploitation is a pressing question to ecological theory and management. For coastal vegetated ecosystems such as kelp forests and seagrass meadows, a number of studies recently highlighted that under eutrophic conditions, trophic cascades are particularly important in buffering or reducing negative effects of nutrient enrichment. Yet, it currently remains unclear how nutrient enrichment and trophic downgrading interact in oligotrophic coastal ecosystems with an intact trophic structure. Here, we factorially manipulated nutrient loading and the interactions within a tri‐trophic food chain within a pristine, oligotrophic seagrass ecosystem to investigate how trophic downgrading affects its ability to buffer against eutrophication. Results revealed that nutrient addition stimulates seagrass production, while reducing the growth of benthic microalgae, presumably because the thicker seagrass canopy reduced light availability. Trophic downgrading by excluding predators, however, almost completely negated these nutrient effects, as the release of herbivores from predation strongly enhanced grazing pressure on seagrass. Exclusion of grazers in turn restored seagrass biomass by allowing the nutrient addition treatment to regain its effect, confirming that a tri‐trophic cascade mediated how enhanced nutrient loading affected our system. Our results highlight that a healthy trophic structure is vital for the ability of pristine coastal ecosystems to buffer eutrophication, as trophic downgrading may degrade their ability to absorb enhanced nutrient loading. Hence, our findings emphasize the potential for multiple anthropogenic impacts to interact synergistically in degrading natural ecosystems.
Measurement of Simulated Debris Removal Rates in an Artificial Root Canal to Optimize Laser‐Activated Irrigation Parameters
Authors: Jezeršek Matija , Lukač Nejc , Lukač Matjaž 
Published: July 2020

Background and ObjectivesTo compare temporal rates of debris removal from an artificial root canal for three laser‐assisted irrigation modalities single‐pulse super short pulse (SSP), and two dual‐pulse X‐SWEEPS and AutoSWEEPS, and for two fiber‐tip (FT) geometries flat and radial, and to evaluate the dependence of the debris flushing rate on the delay between the SWEEPS laser pulse pair.Study Design/Materials and MethodsLaser‐assisted irrigation was performed with a pulsed Er:YAG laser operating in single‐pulse SSP and dual‐pulse SWEEPS laser modalities. The laser energy was delivered to the water‐filled model access cavity through a FT with either a flat or radial ending. The X‐SWEEPS modality delivered pairs of laser pulses separated by a fixed adjustable delay, while with the AutoSWEEPS modality the delay was automatically and repeatedly swept between 200 and 600 microseconds. The debris removal rate was determined with the use of a digital camera by measuring the rate at which a simulated debris was being flushed out of the artificial root canal.ResultsThe simulated debris removal rate of the AutoSWEEPS modality is almost three times higher compared with that of the SSP modality. Further, the flat FT outperforms the radial FT by a factor of more than five in the case of SSP, and by more than 10 with AutoSWEEPS. The X‐SWEEPS flushing rate exhibits strong dependence on the delay between the SWEEPS pulse pair, with the highest removal rate measured to be more than seven times higher in comparison with SSP.ConclusionDual‐pulse laser irrigation modalities (AutoSWEEPS and X‐SWEEPS) exhibit significantly higher simulated debris removal rates in comparison with the standard single‐pulse SSP laser‐assisted irrigation. As opposed to the previously reported dependence of pressure generation on FT geometry, the flat FT's simulated debris removal rate significantly outperforms the radial FT. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
A Gain‐of‐Function Mutation in KCNMA1 Causes Dystonia Spells Controlled With Stimulant Therapy
Authors: Zhang Guohui , Gibson Rebecca A. , McDonald Marie , Liang Pengfei , Kang Po Wei , Shi Jingyi , Yang Huanghe , Cui Jianmin , Mikati Mohamad A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mutations of KCNMA1 BK‐type K+ channel have been identified in patients with various movement disorders. The underlying pathophysiology and corresponding therapeutics are lacking.ObjectivesTo report our clinical and biophysical characterizations of a novel de novo KCNMA1 variant, as well as an effective therapy for the patient's dystonia‐atonia spells.MethodsCombination of phenotypic characterization, therapy, and biophysical characterization of the patient and her mutation.ResultsThe patient had >100 dystonia‐atonia spells per day with mild cerebellar atrophy. She also had autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a heterozygous de novo BK N536H mutation. Our biophysical characterization demonstrates that N536H is a gain‐of‐function mutation with markedly enhanced voltage‐dependent activation. Remarkably, administration of dextroamphetamine completely suppressed the dystonia‐atonia spells.ConclusionsBK N536H is a gain‐of‐function that causes dystonia and other neurological symptoms. Our stimulant therapy opens a new avenue to mitigate KCNMA1‐linked movement disorders. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society