bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Pathophysiology and Volume of Distribution Among Patients With Sepsis or Septic Shock Treated With Imipenem: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Yingzi , Yang Jie , Xie Jianfeng , Liu Ling , Liu Songqiao , Guo Fengmei , Qiu Haibo , Yang Yi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
This study was performed to explore the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of imipenem in patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Methods
A prospective, observational, single-center study was conducted in patients with sepsis or septic shock. The patients were treated with 1 g of imipenem mixed with 200 mL of normal saline infused intravenously over a 3-hour period at 8-hour intervals. The concentration of imipenem was 5 mg/mL, and the rate of infusion was 5.5 mg/min. Blood samples for measuring imipenem serum concentrations with high-performance liquid chromatography were obtained before and at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 hours after drug infusion on study days 1 and 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated according to a noncompartment model.

Results
A total of 25 adult patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 15 were diagnosed with sepsis and 10 with septic shock. The initial Vd (Vc) of imipenem was significantly lower in the sepsis than that in the septic shock group (mean [standard deviation], 26.5 [7.1] vs 40.7 [11.0] L; P = .001). The Vc of imipenem was significantly related to serum albumin levels (r = −0.517; P = .008) as well as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores (r = 0.606; P = .001). Multivariate linear regression identified serum albumin levels and APACHE II scores on day 1 as independent factors influencing the Vc of imipenem (P &lt; .05). The difference in Vd between the imipenem steady state and the initial state was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (mean [standard deviation], 1.7 [21.5] vs −13.1 [11.4] L; P = .046).

Conclusions
APACHE II scores and serum albumin levels were found in this study to be independent factors that may affect the Vc of imipenem in patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Clinical Trials Registration
clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03308214.
302 Current pain mitigation practices in beef and dairy cattle in the United States
Authors: Johnstone Elizabeth C , Coetzee Johann , Edwards-Callaway Lily , Pinedo Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The lack of FDA-approved analgesic drugs for use in cattle in the United States offers limited pain management options to cattle veterinarians and producers. An on-line survey was developed to investigate current use of pain mitigation by cattle veterinarians and producers. The survey was distributed electronically to multiple listservs in Summer 2018 (BEEF Magazine, American Association of Bovine Practitioners, National Milk Producers Federation Farmers Assuring Responsible Management evaluators, Dairy Moms and Dairy Girls Facebook groups; n = 46,577). A total of 1,187 (2.5%) surveys were received; 41.9% of respondents identified as producers, 47.9% as veterinarians, and 10.2% as both. Multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis. Veterinarians [OR (95% CI) = 10.2 (7.21–14.4)] and both veterinarians and producers [OR (95% CI) = 3.30 (2.02–5.39)] had significantly greater odds of using analgesia than producers in all cattle ages. Summary statistics indicate that analgesic use increased with cattle age; 57.6% of respondents used pain management in calves &lt; 2 months of age, while 71.6% of respondents used pain management in adult cattle (&gt;12 months of age). Respondents agreed that “cattle benefit from receiving analgesic drugs” (76.6%) and that “US/USDA/FDA regulations limit my ability to use analgesic drugs in cattle” (64.01%). Fifty-eight percent of respondents indicated their use of pain management had increased in the last 10 years. Data identify impediments to improving pain management practices in cattle. Results indicate the need for education and communication between veterinarians and producers on the necessity of pain management.
198 Sale price of Holstein feeder steer lots relative to other breed descriptions sold through Superior Livestock video sales from 2010 through 2018
Authors: McCabe Esther D , Smith Maggie J , King Micheal E , Fike Karol E , Rogers Glenn M , Odde Kenneth G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to determine relative value of Holstein feeder steer lots compared to steer lots of other breed descriptions sold through video auctions while adjusting for all other factors that significantly influenced sale price. Data were analyzed from 14,075 lots of feeder steers sold through 211 livestock video auctions from 2010 through 2018. All lot characteristics that could be accurately quantified or categorized were used to develop a multiple regression model that evaluated effects of independent factors on sale price using a backwards selection procedure. A value of P &lt; 0.05 was used to maintain a factor in the final model. A lot was categorized into one of four breed descriptions: 1) English, English crossed, 2) English-Continental crossed, 3) Brahman influenced, 4) Holstein. Average weight and number of steers in lots analyzed was 363.2 ± 50.6 kg BW and 121.1 ± 110.3 head, respectively. English, English crossed lots sold for the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price ($152.39/45.36 kg). English-Continental crossed lots sold for the second greatest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price ($150.61/45.36 kg). Brahman influenced sold for the third greatest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price ($148.75/45.36 kg). Holstein lots sold for the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price ($110.56/45.36 kg). To determine potential change in relative value of Holstein feeder steers from 2010 to 2018, data were analyzed in three-year increments. In all three-year increments, Holstein feeder lots sold for the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) sale price compared to the other breed descriptions of beef steer lots. The average discount of Holstein feeder lots relative to other breed descriptions was $33.19/45.36 kg BW in 2010–2012, $42.96/45.36 kg BW in 2013–2015, and was the greatest in 2016–2018 at an average discount of $46.24/45.36 kg BW, likely indicating lessening interest in the feedlot sector to feed Holstein steers to harvest.
203 Development and evaluation of a dynamic simulation model of farm management strategies affecting the reproductive performance of a suckled beef cow herd
Authors: Lynch Richard , Crosson Paul , Kelly Alan , Kenny David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reproductive output in suckled beef cow systems is underpinned by a combination of genetics and the impact of efficient animal management strategies which given their cumulative nature, are difficult to evaluate. A dynamic simulation model (Grange Reproductive Management Model; GReMM) was developed replicating the reproductive performance of a suckled beef cow herd over multiple production cycles using the Stella Architect dynamic modelling platform (isee systems, Ventana, Lebanon, USA). Model inputs for farm parameters include dates and duration of breeding seasons in addition to nutrition and management of the periparturient beef cow. Specific management parameters pertaining to the duration of the postpartum anoestrus interval (PPAI), such as the body condition score of the cow at calving (BCSc), level of postpartum nutrition (PPN), management of the suckling calf and bio-stimulation of the dam pre-breeding are modelled. Outputs are displayed in the form of shifts in calving distribution, calving rates and calves per cow per year. Scenario analysis consisted of the implementation of a BASE scenario representative of current industry best practice (Normal reproductive management; NRM: BCSc, 2.75; PPN, 100 MJ ME/d; ad libitum suckling). Two further scenarios were developed representing a more intensively managed herd, with high levels of nutrition pre and post calving in addition to alternative reproductive management strategies (Intensive reproductive management; IRM), and a herd with a low level of nutritional management pre and postpartum (Poor reproductive management; PRM). Outputs generated in terms of calving distribution over six production cycles, indicated that a shift in the calving spread towards later in the calving season occurred in the PRM scenario, and a small improvement in reproductive efficiency evident in the IRM scenario over NRM. The model developed offers a decision support tool with the capability of evaluating practical on-farm management decisions on herd reproductive performance.
46 The impact of heat stress on feedlot operations; nutritional and breeding options to reduce its impact
Authors: Jennings Jenny 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Heat stress can and always will be an issue in the feedlot industry. Heat stress can decrease performance in feedlot animals leading to substantial economic losses. High environmental temperatures, relative humidity, solar radiation, and low wind speeds can be life-threatening to beef cattle when these conditions occur simultaneously. Management strategies to decrease or alleviate heat stress-related production losses have been a focus of research for a long period of time. There is a plethora of research completed on the additions of shades, sprinklers, air circulation of covered pens, as well as the physiological changes cattle experience. The physiological discoveries have revealed a lot about how the animal copes with certain stressors and has aided in potential mitigation strategies. The use of sprinklers and shades are the most popular additions to feedlots; however, certain nutritional management strategies and breed selection can be viable options as well. My objectives to address those management strategies were to compile and review past research that specifically addresses bunk management, diet formulation, feeding strategies, and breed characteristics as well as incorporate current information available on the cattle we feed today.
208 Crossbred evaluations using single-step genomic BLUP and algorithm for proven and young with different sources of data
Authors: Pocrnic Ivan , Lourenco Daniela , Chen Ching-Yi , Herring William O , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Genomic selection is routinely applied to many purebred farm species but can be extended to predictions across purebreds as well as for crossbreds. This is useful for swine and poultry, for which selection in nucleus herds is typically performed on purebreds, whereas the commercial products are crossbreds. Single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) is a widely applied method that can use algorithm for proven and young (APY), that allows for greater computing efficiency by exploiting the theory of limited dimensionality of genomic information and chromosome segments (Me). This study investigates the predictivity as a proxy for accuracy across and within two purebred pig lines and their crosses, under the application of APY in ssGBLUP setup, and different levels of Me overlapping across populations. The data consisted of approximately 210k phenotypic records for two traits and more than 720k animals in pedigree. Genotypes for 43k SNP were available for 46k animals, from which 26k and 16k belong to purebreds, and 4k to crossbreds. The models included bivariate animal model with three lines evaluated as one joint line, and for each trait individually a three-trait animal model with each line treated as a separate trait. Both models provided the same predictivity across and within the lines. Using either of the pure lines data as a training set resulted in a similar predictivity for the crossbreeds. Across-line predictive ability was limited to less than half of the maximum predictivity for each line. For crossbreds, APY performed equivalently to direct inverse when the number of core animals was equal to the number of eigenvalues explaining 98–99% of the variance of G including all lines. Predictivity across the lines is achievable because of the shared Me between them. The number of those shared segments can be obtained via eigenvalue decomposition of genomic information available for each line.
66 Current trends in protein sourcing for aquaculture diets
Authors: Villalon Jose 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This presentation will cover novel ingredients being currently used and analyzed for commercial incorporation into marine and freshwater fish/shrimp aquaculture feed by Skretting, the world’s number one salmon feed manufacturer. Villalón will close with a proposal for the need of encouraging a paradigm shift in how conventional seafood sales should change to facilitate mainstreaming the introduction of expensive innovative ingredients into the value chain by sharing the incremental cost across the entire value chain.
73 Within and between animal variation in supplement intake with the use of a novel precision feeding system for beef cattle
Authors: Hanson Brandon , Morrison Jason , McGeough Emma , Wittenberg Karin , Ominski Kim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Survey data suggests that in Western Canada, approximately 62% of forage samples may not meet energy requirements for gestating beef cows in 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Individual supplementation via a precision feeder would improve animal productivity and welfare. A CV of 30% was selected as a threshold for acceptable variation based on previous studies, which reported a CV of 41% for supplements hand-fed to grazing animals. Over three, 14-d experimental periods, precision feeders were used to deliver and monitor consumption of the following supplements to 24 steers (375 kg; n = 8 per pen): 1) supplementation of low protein forage (5.5% CP) with commercial pellets (1 kg hd-1d-1 with and without flavoring); 2) supplementation of low protein forage (5.5% CP) with processed pea screening powder (PPSP), sunflower screenings, and flax screenings provided at 0.57, 1.04, and 1.34 kg hd-1d-1, respectively; and 3) supplementation of low energy forage (41.4% TDN) with wheat screenings, wheat bran, and quinoa dockage all provided at 2.61 kg hd-1d-1. Feeding commercial pellets without flavoring resulted in within animal CVs (15.12% and 13.15%) and between animal CVs (14.78% and 12.68%) similar to pellets with flavoring (13.98% within and 12.85% between animal CV). Steers offered PPSP had significantly higher within and between animal CV (31.05% and 31.41%, respectively) than was observed for animals offered sunflower screenings (14.98% within and 18.30% between animal) and flax screenings (11.19% within and 16.03% between animal). Within and between animal CV was 6.99% and 7.14% for wheat screenings, 10.47% and 11.77% for wheat bran, and 10.07% and 10.42% for quinoa dockage. Intake CV for all supplements was below 30% except for PPSP which may have resulted from the powdery texture or low amount offered relative to other feedstuffs, indicating that the precision feeders are an effective system to deliver supplements on an individual animal basis.
84 Effect of incorporating forage pea (c.v. Pisium sativum L.) into cereal hay on ruminal fermentation and apparent digestibility when fed to beef heifers
Authors: Pursley Alex , Biligetu Bill , Warkentin Tom , Lardner Bart , Penner Greg B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion rate of pea hay in barley and oat hay when fed to beef cattle. Six ruminally-cannulated heifers (407 ± 38 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square with a 2 × 3 factorial design and 25-d periods. Treatments included barley or oat hay blended with pea hay to achieve inclusion rates of 0, 15, or 30% (DM basis). Pea inclusion increased DMI (P = 0.03) by 0.75 kg/d, and generally reduced sorting (P ≤ 0.006) against NDF and ADF compared to the cereal-only treatments. Pea inclusion decreased CP digestibility by 2.87% relative to cereal-only treatments, but did not affect the predicted microbial protein supply or nitrogen retention (P ≥ 0.77). Pea inclusion did not affect total ruminal SCFA concentration, but increased the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate and decreased the molar proportion of propionate (P ≤ 0.01). While cereal type did not affect DMI (P = 0.36) or total SCFA concentration (P = 0.61), use of oat hay improved DM digestibility (67.73 vs. 63.22% for oat and barley, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) and increased nitrogen retention (P = 0.03) when compared to barley. Overall, incorporating pea into cereal hay increased DMI, reduced CP digestibility, and altered ruminal fermentation.
87 Xylanase effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, and short chain fatty acid concentration in colon digesta of weaned pigs fed wheat and canola meal-based diets
Authors: Mejicanos Gustavo A , Nyachoti Charles M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, organ weight, digesta pH and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of weaned pigs fed wheat-canola meal-based diets over a 35-d period. A total of 144 piglets (6.2 ± 0.7 kg) received one of 8 diets based on a randomized complete block design. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency(G:F). Treatments consisted of a control wheat-SBM-based diet and wheat-regular (RCM), dehulled (DCM) or coarse (CCM) canola meal. All diets contained 500 phytase units (FTUs/kg; Quantum Blue-5G), and titanium-dioxide (0.3%), and were fed without and with 16,000 Birch-Xylan Units of xylanase (BXU/kg; Econase-XT). Apparent total tract digestibilities (ATTD) of NDF, CP, P, Ca, DM, and diet were determined. On d 35, one pig per pen was euthanized to evaluate the effect of treatment on organ weight, digesta pH, and digesta concentration of SCFA. Treatment did not affect growth performance. Xylanase supplementation improved nutrient digestibilities, without affecting growth performance. The ATTD of NDF was greater (P &lt; 0.05; 48%) in the wheat-SBM+xylanase, wheat-SBM without xylanase (46%), and DCM+xylanase (45%) diets. The ATTD of CP was greater (P &lt; 0.05; 78%) in wheat-SBM+xylanase, and wheat-DCM+xylanase (75%), diets. Xylanase supplementation increased ATTD of P and Ca by 9 and 19%; whereas ileum and colon digesta pH increased by 6 and 3%. Supplementing xylanase to DCM increased butyric acid by 10%, whereas the concentration of acetic acid increased by 24% in colon-digesta of pigs fed CCM+xylanase. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase increased nutrient digestibilities, digesta pH without affecting growth performance of weaned pigs fed wheat and canola meal-based diets. Additionally, supplemental xylanase increased butyric acid concentration in colon digesta of pigs fed wheat-DCM diets.
99 Temporal and spatial characterization of interleukin-6 protein in the caprine testis
Authors: Fadlalla Khalda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The demand for goat products is one of fastest growing segments of livestock production in the United States. Nonetheless, the development of efficient goat breeding stock remains in its infancy. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have the potential to enhance reproductive efficiency in goats to rapidly propagate superior genetics. In order to improve success with ART, it is pertinent to understand the factors that contribute to reproductive processes, such as spermatogenesis, as well as the factors that affect the production of viable sperm. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine produced mainly by macrophages in response to foreign antigens, pathogens. In recent years, studies showed that mammalian testes produce IL-6. Under in vitro conditions, Sertoli cells secrete IL-6 following stimulation with low levels of testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone in mice. The binding of IL-6 promotes the transcription of genes important to cellular processes, such as cell growth and differentiation, which are critical to testicular function. The overall objective of this study was to characterize IL-6 protein in goat testes during three life stages: neonate (n = 3; 13- 21days), pre-pubertal (n = 3; 110–121 days) and adult (n = 3; 11–12 month) goats. Preliminary data from western blotting revealed that testicular goat tissues express IL-6. Immunohistochemical staining of IL-6 in the peritubular myoid cells and interstitial cells of neonate, pre-pubertal and adult goats; further Sertoli cells express IL-6 in adult goats. Our findings suggest that IL-6 may play a key role in testicular development and function; however, further research is needed.
101 National Center for Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) evaluates accuracy of genomic prediction in commercial Angus cattle
Authors: Decker Jared E , Patterson David J , Arisman Brian , Rowan Troy N , Thomas Jordan M , Brown Scott , Lamberson William R , Poock Scott E , Smith Michael F , Spencer Thomas E , Taylor Jeremy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the goals of the National Center of Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) is to demonstrate in real-world settings the potential of new technologies. To this end, we evaluated the predictive ability of the Zoetis GeneMax Advantage genomic prediction. The GeneMax Advantage test analyzes tens of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to predict the genetic potential of a commercial Angus female. Genetic predictions are provided for Calving Ease Maternal, Weaning Weight, Heifer Pregnancy, Milk, Mature Weight, Dry Matter Intake, Carcass Weight, Marbling, and Yield. Indices of economically important traits are estimated on an index score (1–100 scale) and are reported in three indices; Cow Advantage Index, Feeder Advantage Index, and Total Advantage Index. Producers can use the scores and indices to make selection, culling, and mating decisions. To measure the accuracy of the trait predictions, data from commercial Angus females and their progeny at the University of Missouri Thompson Research Center was utilized to analyze Weaning Weight, Milk, Marbling, Fat Thickness, Ribeye Area and Carcass Weight. Progeny phenotypic data was matched to the respective dam, and the genomic predictions were then compared to the phenotypic data using correlation and linear models in R software. Linear models accounted for differences in sex, birth year, and the random effect of sire. Interestingly, all genomic predictions had correlations with progeny phenotypes that were significantly different from zero (P-value &lt; 0.05). Likewise in the linear models, genomic predictions for all analyzed traits were significantly associated with calf performance (Table 1). Academics, farmers and ranchers, and extension professionals can trust the effectiveness of GeneMax Advantage genomic predictions in commercial Angus cattle.