bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Outcomes of CNS Tumors in Chinese Children: Comparative Analysis With the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program
Authors: Liu Anthony P. Y. , Liu Qi , Shing Matthew M. K. , Ku Dennis T. L. , Fu Eric , Luk Chung-Wing , Ling Siu-Cheung , Cheng Kevin K. F. , Kwong Dora L. W. , Ho Wilson W. S. , Ng Ho-Keung , Gajjar Amar , Yasui Yutaka , Chan Godfrey C. F. , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE Despite being the most common pediatric solid tumors, incidence and outcome of CNS tumors in Chinese children have not been systematically reported. We addressed this knowledge gap by comparing the epidemiology of pediatric CNS tumors in Hong Kong and the United States. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data between 1999 and 2016 from a population-based cancer registry in Hong Kong, China, on patients < 18 years old with CNS tumors (Hong Kong cohort) and from the US SEER Program (Asian/Pacific Islander and all ethnicities) were compared. Incidence and overall survival (OS) by histology were evaluated. RESULTS During the study period, 526 children were newly diagnosed with CNS tumors in Hong Kong (crude incidence rate, 2.47 per 100,000; 95% CI, 2.26 to 2.69). Adjusted incidences were significantly lower in the Hong Kong (2.51; 95% CI, 2.30 to 2.74) than in the SEER (Asian/Pacific Islander: 3.26; 95% CI, 2.97 to 3.57; P < .001; all ethnicities: 4.10 per 100,000; 95% CI, 3.99 to 4.22; P < .001) cohorts. Incidences of germ cell tumors (0.57 v 0.24; P < .001) were significantly higher, but those of glial and neuronal tumors (0.94 v 2.61; P < .001), ependymomas (0.18 v 0.31; P = .005), and choroid plexus tumors (0.08 v 0.16; P = .045) were significantly lower in Hong Kong compared with SEER (all ethnicities) cohorts. Compared with the SEER (Asian/Pacific Islander) cohort, histology-specific incidences were similar except for a lower incidence of glial and neuronal tumors in Hong Kong (0.94 v 1.74; P < .001). Among cohorts, OS differed only for patients with glial and neuronal tumors (5-year OS: Hong Kong, 52.5%; SEER [Asian/Pacific Islander], 73.6%; SEER [all ethnicities], 79.9%; P < .001). CONCLUSION We identified important ethnic differences in the epidemiology of CNS tumors in Chinese children. These results will inform the development of pediatric neuro-oncology services in China and aid further etiologic studies.
Drug Absorption Parameters Obtained Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Lung Model Are Predictive of Rat In Vivo Lung Absorption
Authors: Eriksson Johanna , Sjögren Erik , Lennernäs Hans , Thörn Helena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ex vivo isolated perfused rat lung (IPL) model has been demonstrated to be a useful tool during drug development for studying pulmonary drug absorption. This study aims to investigate the potential use of IPL data to predict rat in vivo lung absorption. Absorption parameters determined from IPL data (ex vivo input parameters) in combination with intravenously determined pharmacokinetic data were used in a biopharmaceutics model to predict experimental rat in vivo plasma concentration-time profiles and lung amount after inhalation of five different inhalation compounds. The performance of simulations using ex vivo input parameters was compared with simulations using in vitro input parameters, to determine whether and to what extent predictability could be improved by using input parameters determined from the more complex ex vivo model. Simulations using ex vivo input parameters were within twofold average difference (AAFE < 2) from experimental in vivo data for all compounds except one. Furthermore, simulations using ex vivo input parameters performed significantly better than simulations using in vitro input parameters in predicting in vivo lung absorption. It could therefore be advantageous to base predictions of drug performance on IPL data rather than on in vitro data during drug development to increase mechanistic understanding of pulmonary drug absorption and to better understand how different substance properties and formulations might affect in vivo behavior of inhalation compounds.
Abl-mediated PI3K activation regulates macrophage podosome formation
Authors: Zhou Yuhuan , Feng Zhen , Cao Fakun , Liu Xiaoting , Xia Xiaojie , Yu Cheng-han 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Podosomes play crucial roles in macrophage adhesion and migration. Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP; also known as WAS)-mediated actin polymerization is one of the key events initiating podosome formation. Nevertheless, membrane signals to trigger WASP activation at macrophage podosomes remain unclear. Here, we show that phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] lipids are enriched at the podosome and stably recruit WASP rather than the WASP-5KE mutant. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit β (PIK3CB) is spatially located at the podosome core. Inhibition of PIK3CB and overexpression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) impede F-actin polymerization of the podosome. PIK3CB activation is regulated by Abl1 and Src family kinases. At the podosome core, Src and Hck promote the phosphorylation of Tyr488 in the consensus Y-x-x-M motif of Abl1, which enables the association of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunits. Knockdown of Abl1 rather than Abl2 suppresses the PI3K/Akt pathway, regardless of Src and Hck activities. Reintroduction of wild-type Abl1 rather than the Abl1-Y488F mutant rescues PI3KR1 recruitment and PI3K activation. When PIK3CB, Abl1 or Src/Hck is suppressed, macrophage podosome formation, matrix degradation and chemotactic migration are inhibited. Thus, Src/Hck-mediated phosphorylation of Abl1 Tyr488 triggers PIK3CB-dependent PI(3,4,5)P3 production and orchestrates the assembly and function of macrophage podosomes.
AURKA destruction is decoupled from its activity at mitotic exit but is essential to suppress interphase activity
Authors: Abdelbaki Ahmed , Akman H. Begum , Poteau Marion , Grant Rhys , Gavet Olivier , Guarguaglini Giulia , Lindon Catherine 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Activity of AURKA is controlled through multiple mechanisms including phosphorylation, ubiquitin-mediated degradation and allosteric interaction with TPX2. Activity peaks at mitosis, before AURKA is degraded during and after mitotic exit in a process strictly dependent on the APC/C coactivator FZR1. We used FZR1 knockout cells (FZR1KO) and a novel FRET-based AURKA biosensor to investigate how AURKA activity is regulated in the absence of destruction. We found that AURKA activity in FZR1KO cells dropped at mitotic exit as rapidly as in parental cells, despite absence of AURKA destruction. Unexpectedly, TPX2 was degraded normally in FZR1KO cells. Overexpression of an N-terminal TPX2 fragment sufficient for AURKA binding, but that is not degraded at mitotic exit, caused delay in AURKA inactivation. We conclude that inactivation of AURKA at mitotic exit is determined not by AURKA degradation but by degradation of TPX2 and therefore is dependent on CDC20 rather than FZR1. The biosensor revealed that FZR1 instead suppresses AURKA activity in interphase and is critically required for assembly of the interphase mitochondrial network after mitosis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Analyzing oropharyngeal cancer survival outcomes: a decision tree approach
Authors: De Felice Francesca , Humbert-Vidan Laia , Lei Mary , King Andrew , Guerrero Urbano Teresa 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
To analyze survival outcomes in patients with oropharygeal cancer treated with primary intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) using decision tree algorithms.

Methods:
A total of 273 patients with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal cancer were identified between March 2010 and December 2016. The data set contained nine predictor variables and a dependent variable (overall survival (OS) status). The open-source R software was used. Survival outcomes were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method. Important explanatory variables were selected using the random forest approach. A classification tree that optimally partitioned patients with different OS rates was then built.

Results:
The 5 year OS for the entire population was 78.1%. The top three important variables identified were HPV status, N stage and early complete response to treatment. Patients were partitioned in five groups on the basis of these explanatory variables.

Conclusion:
The proposed classification tree could help to guide future research in oropharyngeal cancer field.

Advances in knowledge:
Decision tree method seems to be an appropriate tool to partition oropharyngeal cancer patients.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Quarantine on Medical Students’ Mental Wellbeing and Learning Behaviors
Authors: Meo Sultan Ayoub , Abukhalaf Dr Abdulelah Adnan , Alomar Ali Abdullah , Sattar Kamran , Klonoff David C 
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic causes great public health and socioeconomic harms. Worldwide many countries implemented quarantine policies to minimize the spread of this highly contagious disease. The present study aim was to investigate the impact of quarantine on the medical students’ mental wellbeing and learning behaviors.
Methods: In this descriptive study, we used a questionnaire with a Five-Point Likert Scale to collect the information. The questionnaire was distributed among 625 medical students through their emails with a response rate of 530 (84.8%), majority 294 (55.47%) being female. The survey questionnaire consisted of total 20 items; 12 items were related to psychological wellbeing and stress-allied queries and 08 items were about learning behaviors.
Results: The findings encompass two important characteristics related to quarantine, psychological wellbeing, and learning behaviors. A combined cohort of 234 medical students, either female or male, (which was 44.1% of the total responders) showed a sense of being emotionally detached from family, friends and fellow students, 125/ 530 (23.5%) medical students felt disheartened. Both female and male medical students showed a marked decrease in their overall work performance. Moreover, 56.2% of the total students (61.5% of the females and 49.5% of the males) felt a decrease in the time they spent studying.
Conclusions: Both female and male medical students have identified that quarantine has caused them to feel emotionally detached from family, fellows, and friends and decrease their overall work performance and study period. The findings also show that one-fourth of the medical students who participated in this study felt disheartened during the quarantine period. The long-term quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic may causes further worsening in the psychological and learning behaviors of these medical students.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2809
How to cite this:Meo SA, Abukhalaf AA, Alomar AA, Sattar K, Klonoff DC. COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Quarantine on Medical Students’ Mental Wellbeing and Learning Behaviors. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S43-S48. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2809
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Workplace violence against security personnel at a university hospital in Egypt: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Albadry Ahmed A. , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady , Abou-ElWafa Hala Samir 
Published: May 2020

Background: Violence is common among security personnel. To the best of the authors' knowledge no recent studies have investigated this problem. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of violence against hospital security personnel and describe circumstances of violence, type of perpetrators, and victims’ response. Methods: In total, 170 security personnel from a university hospital in Egypt were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Arabic version of a questionnaire developed by the International Labour Office. Results: The majority (87.3%) of security personnel reported violence exposure in the past year. Being a woman and working more than 5 years were independent predictors of violence exposure. The commonest forms of physical violence were pushing and beating. Verbal abuse and threats were the commonest emotional violence. Patients and their relatives/friends were the commonest perpetrators of violence. Conclusions: Violence is common among hospital security personnel in this setting. Adequate training and recruitment of more security personnel may contribute to decreasing violence.
Transmission dynamics, serial interval and epidemiology of COVID-19 diseases in Hong Kong under different control measures
Authors: Chan Yung-Wai Desmond , Flasche Stefan , Lam Tin-Long Terence , Leung Mei-Hung Joanna , Wong Miu-Ling , Lam Ho-Yeung , Chuang Shuk-Kwan 
Published: May 2020

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, and subsequently became a pandemic. Hong Kong had implemented a series of control measures since January 2020, including enhanced surveillance, isolation and quarantine, border control and social distancing. Hong Kong recorded its first case on 23 January 2020, who was a visitor from Wuahn. We analysed the surveillance data of COVID-19 to understand the transmission dynamics and epidemiology in Hong Kong. Methods: Based on cases recorded from 23 January to 6 April 2020, we constructed the epidemic curve of daily COVID-19 incidence and used this data to estimate the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) with the R package EpiEstim, with serial interval computed from local data. We described the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of reported cases. We computed weekly incidence by age and residential district to understand the spatial and temporal transmission of the disease. Results: COVID-19 disease in Hong Kong was characterised with local cases and clusters detected after two waves of importations, first in late January and the second one in early March. The Rt increased to approximately 2 and approximately 1, respectively, following these importations; it decreased to below 1 afterwards, which coincided with the implementation, modification and intensification of different control measures. Compared to local cases, imported cases were younger (mean age: 52 years among local cases vs 35 years among imported cases), had a lower proportion of underlying disease (9% vs 5%) and severe outcome (13% vs 5%). Cases were recorded in all districts but the incidence was highest in those in the Hong Kong Island region. Conclusions: Stringent and sustained public health measures at population level could contain the COVID-19 disease at a relatively low level.
Renewable Energy Source Enactment for Speed Control of BLDC Motor with Proportional Integral (PI) Controller
Authors: Soedibyo Soedibyo 
Published: May 2020

This paper present about speed control of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Motor 1 kW in which supplied using Photovoltaic (PV) Array 1.5 kW that simulated using MATLAB 2016a. Speed control of BLDC exactly depend on voltage condition, so speed control mean voltage control. Furthermore, Proportional Integral (PI) controller will be implemented to get best performance of the system during irradiance change or some load implemented. For detail analysis purpose, the simulation will do in some case such by vary irradiation of PV, Vary the speed reference then vary of load. From simulation result we get the information that dynamic irradiance, load and speed reference will influence the response stability of speed so do Power Consumption, Voltage and Current response.
Grüneisen-relaxation photoacoustic microscopy at 1.7  µm and its application in lipid imaging
Authors: Shi Jiawei , Li Can , Mao Huade , Ren Yuxuan , Luo Zhi-Chao , Rosenthal Amir , Wong Kenneth K. Y. 
Published: May 2020

We report the first, to the best of our knowledge, demonstration of
Grüneisen relaxation photoacoustic microscopy (GR-PAM) of lipid-rich
tissue imaging at the 1.7 µm band, implemented with a high-energy
thulium-doped fiber laser and a fiber-based delay line. GR-PAM
enhances the image contrast by intensifying the region of strong
absorbers and suppressing out-of-focus signals. Using GR-PAM to image
swine-adipose tissue at 1725 nm, an 8.26-fold contrast enhancement is
achieved in comparison to conventional PAM. GR-PAM at the 1.7 µm band
is expected to be a useful tool for label-free high-resolution imaging
of lipid-rich tissue, such as atherosclerotic plaque and nerves.
Zur Messung des Einflusses von „Augmented Reality“ auf die individuelle Produktivität bei Montagearbeiten
Authors: Rosenberger Manfred , Fellmann Michael , Lambusch Fabienne , Poppe Michael , Spitzer Michael 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch die Verfügbarkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit neuartiger Hardware sind zunehmend die Voraussetzungen gegeben, Technologien der erweiterten Realität (Augmented Reality) in der Montage, bzw. dem Zusammenbau von Produkten einzusetzen. Dabei handelt es sich beispielsweise um in das Sichtfeld eingeblendete 3D-Explosionszeichnungen oder unterstützende Zusatzinformationen. Auch wenn ein zentrales Versprechen solcher Ansätze die Erleichterung und Beschleunigung komplexer Montageaufgaben ist, bleibt bisher jedoch weitgehend unklar, welchen Effekt der Einsatz der erweiterten Realität auf die Mitarbeitenden und deren Produktivität tatsächlich hat und wie diese Auswirkungen messbar sind. Für Unternehmen (nicht nur) in Ländern mit hohen Lohnkosten ist eine Beurteilung neuer Technologien hinsichtlich des Einflusses auf die Produktivität allerdings unerlässlich, wobei zudem die Perspektive der Mitarbeitenden bzw. Anwendenden oft vernachlässigt wird. Daher steht in diesem Beitrag die Betrachtung der individuellen Produktivität aus der Perspektive prospektiver Technologieanwendender im Vordergrund. In einem Experten-Workshop wurde dazu ein konkretes Szenario zur Montage eines Getriebes unter Einsatz einer Microsoft HoloLens einer kritischen Analyse unterzogen. Der Beitrag reflektiert anhand dieses Beispiels die Auswirkungen des Technologieeinsatzes und beleuchtet zudem die Akzeptanz von Messverfahren bezüglich der Produktivität. Dazu werden die im Workshop erarbeiteten Wirkfaktoren und Rahmenbedingungen der Messung auch Erkenntnissen aus der Literatur zur Messung von Produktivität gegenübergestellt und die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Produktivitätsmessung aufgezeigt.
Modelo dinámico de un reactor de ultrasonido continuo en la degradación de anaranjado de metilo
Authors: Kieffer Luis , De la Sierra Patricia , Luna Julio , Lovato María Eugenia , Claret María 
Published: May 2020

Se analiza la degradación de soluciones acuosas del colorante azoico anaranjado de metilo en un reactor sonoquímico de flujo continuo. Las determinaciones de los tiempos de residencia en cada una de las cuatro unidades del reactor muestran que los mismos no difieren de los tiempos espaciales, por lo que el reactor puede considerarse un reactor continuo de mezcla completa sin volúmenes muertos ni cortocircuitos.
Mediante la simulación dinámica se desarrollan modelos de funcionamiento del reactor. Los resultados tanto en el estado transiente como en el estacionario no presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas con los obtenidos analíticamente.
RESÚMENES DE TESIS: MAESTRÍA EN SALUD AMBIENTAL
Authors: Collins Pablo Agustín 
Published: May 2020

Evaluación del impacto de la exposición a mezclas de agroquímicos presentes en escorrentías de cultivos extensivos utilizando como biomarcadores el daño oxidativo y genotóxico en Cnesterodon decemmaculatusNéstor Abel Pautasso - nestorapautasso@gmail.comDirectora: Dra. María Fernanda SimonielloCo-Directora: Dra. María Carolina SasalLugar de realización: Laboratorio Toxicología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral y Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaFecha de defensa: 04de junio de 2018
Continuous, complete and comparable NT-proBNP reference ranges in healthy children
Authors: Palm Jonas , Hoffmann Georg , Klawonn Frank , Tutarel Oktay , Palm Herbert , Holdenrieder Stefan , Ewert Peter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
NT-proBNP is one of the most important biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk assessment of heart failure in adults. Age- and gender-independent reference intervals (RIs) have been reported. In contrast, RIs in children are strongly age-dependent, do not exist for all ages and reveal a right-skewed distribution. Accordingly, no common Z-score can be formed and a cross-age interpretive method, so far, is missing.

Methods
Within the paper on hand, new evaluation techniques are applied to already published NT-proBNP study results and additionally to newly gained data. Upper limits (ULs), lower limits (LLs) and 50th percentiles are tested for power-like behavior as a function of age using linear regression analysis. Functions for continuous RIs are derived and reference limits are calculated on a per day basis. A corresponding Zlog formula is deduced and its usefulness is stated in two clinical examples.

Results
The power-like behavior of NT-proBNP concentration from birth to 18 years is demonstrated. With age in days t and measured NT-proBNP value x in pg/mL, an age-specific Zlog value may directly be calculated using the equation:

Zlog

NT-proBNP

=

log

x
+
0.512
⋅
log

t
−
3.417

1.489
+
0.014
⋅
log

t

⋅
3.92

${\rm{Zlo}}{{\rm{g}}_{{\rm{NT - proBNP}}}} = {{\log \;x + 0.512 \cdot \log \;t - 3.417} \over {1.489 + 0.014 \cdot \log \;t}} \cdot 3.92$

Conclusions
Using formulas for UL and LL, continuous RIs from 0 to 18 years may be obtained. Continuity corresponds to physiological changes in the body much better than discrete RIs. With the advent of an NT-proBNP-specific Zlog value, a cross-age Z-score equivalent is providing an easy interpretation aid in everyday pediatric practice. This new approach allows to identify clinical worsening much better, sooner and more clearly than previous absolute values.