bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the ethical implications of the rituals of medicine
Authors: Arnold Mark H. , Komesaroff Paul , Kerridge Ian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRituals may be understood broadly as stereotyped behaviours carrying symbolic meanings, which play a crucial role in defining relationships, legitimating authority, giving meaning to certain life events and stabilising social structures. Despite intense interest in the subject, and an extensive literature, relatively little attention has been given to the nature, role and function of ritual in contemporary medicine. Medicine is replete with ritualistic behaviours and imperatives, which play a crucial role in all aspects of clinical practice. Rituals play multiple, complex functions in clinical interactions and have an important role in shaping interactions, experiences and outcomes. Longstanding medical rituals have been disrupted in the wake of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Medical rituals may be evident or invisible, often overlap with or operate alongside instrumentalised practices, and play crucial roles in establishing, maintaining and guaranteeing the efficacy of clinical practices. Rituals can also inhibit progress and change, by enforcing arbitrary authority. Physicians should consider when they are undertaking a ritual practice and recognise when the exigencies of contemporary practice are affecting that ritual with or without meaning or intention. Physicians should reflect on whether aspects of their ritual interactions are undertaken on the basis of sentiment, custom or evidence‐based outcomes, and whether rituals should be defended, continued in a modified fashion or even abandoned in favour of new behaviours suitable for and salient with contemporary practice in the interests of patient care.
Nursing discharge teaching for hospitalized older people: A rapid realist review
Authors: Pellet Joanie , Weiss Marianne , Rapin Joachim , Jaques Cecile , Mabire Cedric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo develop, refine and put forward a programme theory that describes configurations between context, hidden mechanisms and outcomes of nursing discharge teaching.DesignRapid realist review guided by Pawson's recommendations and using the Realist and Meta‐narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards.Data SourcesWe performed searches in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Full text, Google Scholarand supplementary searches in Google. We included all study designs and grey literature published between 1998‐2019.Review MethodsWe followed Pawson's recommended steps: initial programme theory development; literature search; document selection and appraisal; data extraction; analysis and synthesis process; presentation and dissemination of the revised programme theory.ResultsWe included nine studies and a book to contribute to the synthesis. We developed 10 context–mechanisms–outcome configurations which cumulatively refined the initial programme theory. These configurations between context, mechanisms and outcome are classified in four categories as follows: relevancy of teaching content; patients’ readiness to engage in the teaching–learning process; nurses’ teaching skills and healthcare team approach to discharge teaching delivery. We also found that some of the same contexts generated similar outcomes, but through different mechanisms, highlighting interdependencies between context–mechanisms–outcome configurations.ConclusionThis rapid realist review resulted in an explanatory synthesis of how discharge teaching works to improve patient‐centred outcomes. The proposed programme theory has direct implications for clinical practice by giving meaning to the ‘hidden’ mechanisms used by nurses when they prepare patients to be discharged home and can inform curricula for nursing education.ImpactThe essential components, process mechanisms, contexts and impacts of the nursing discharge teaching are not consistently or clearly described, explained or evaluated for effectiveness. This review uncovers underlying contexts and mechanisms in the teaching/learning process between patients and nurses. The resulting programme theory can guide nurse clinicians and managers towards improvements in conducting discharge teaching.
Systematic review: What is the impact of self‐scheduling on the patient, nurse and organization?
Authors: Wynendaele Herlinde , Gemmel Paul , Pattyn Eva , Myny Dries , Trybou Jeroen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo systematically review and evaluate the literature on the impact of self‐scheduling on patient, nurse and organization‐related outcomes.DesignA systematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cinahl, Scopus, Google Scholar, ERIC and Cochrane Library were screened until October 2019 (week 40) for peer‐reviewed, empirical articles, written in English, Dutch or French.Review methodsTwo reviewers screened title and abstract using predetermined eligibility criteria and one reviewer screened the full texts of relevant hits. Quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsStudies (N = 23) were retained and classified into explanatory and descriptive studies. The articles reported on a range of outcomes: patient‐ and nurse‐reported quality of care, job satisfaction, satisfaction with scheduling, work/life balance, planning involvement, interaction with colleagues, health and well‐being, psychosocial factors, professional development, nurse manager's scheduling time, general working conditions, turnover, temporary employment agency use and absenteeism, recruitment and retention.ConclusionThe evidence base is limited. Several studies confirmed the positive impact of self‐scheduling on the nurse and the organization. However, other studies found negative outcomes or no change. These outcomes should be interpreted in the light of contextual factors and the implementation process, which was often not without difficulties. Future research should use a multimethod longitudinal design, bear in mind the possibilities of quantitative research (e.g. for studying psychosocial factors) and employ a theoretical framework.ImpactThis review informs about the inconsistent evidence on the association between self‐scheduling and patient, nurse and organization‐related outcomes and includes enablers and barriers to a successful implementation. These outcomes are influenced by the implementation process and the sustainability of the self‐scheduling system, which are still major challenges for healthcare management. This demonstrates the urgent need for further research.
Evolutionary history and eco‐climatic diversification in southern African dung beetle Sisyphus
Authors: Daniel Gimo M. , Davis Adrian L. V. , Sole Catherine L. , Scholtz Clarke H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe high diversity of species in southern Africa has been attributed to geological and palaeoclimatic factors. The timing of radiations in some groups is held to be linked to these geoclimatic trends. Using the Scarabaeinae dung beetle genus, Sisyphus, as a model system, we investigate how geological uplift and climatic changes in the late Cenozoic affected its diversification patterns in southern Africa.LocationSouthern Africa.TaxonThe dung beetle genus, Sisyphus Latreille, 1807 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae).MethodsA dated molecular phylogeny of southern African Sisyphus was compared with a factor analysis of species distribution data that statistically defined groups of species according to current climatic distribution. We used these climatic clusters to estimate ancestral ranges using the “BioGeoBEARS” R package. A lineage through time plot was calculated using the R package ‘APE’. We used Bayesian diversification models (compound Poisson process on mass extinction times) to test hypotheses on how late Cenozoic uplift and climatic changes affected speciation and extinction of Sisyphus. Furthermore, we implemented ecological niche modelling in MaxEnt to predict the habitat suitability of species under present climatic conditions.ResultsFour species groups defined from factor analysis of current climatic distribution data are primarily restricted to the moist summer rainfall region in the northeast. Species diversification occurred from the mid‐Miocene until the Pleistocene, during which the central southern African plateau was uplifted in tandem with the advent of winter rainfall and arid climatic zones to the southwest. The ancestor of Sisyphus was centred in eastern low to mid‐altitude areas. Speciation rates were higher in the Miocene to Pliocene, followed by a dramatic drop during the transition to the Pleistocene.Main conclusionsThe taxonomic and eco‐climatic diversification of sisyphines is coincident with geological uplift and changes in climate in east‐central southern Africa. However, phylogenetic relationships of southern African Sisyphus species are not homogenously distributed with respect to geography and climate.
How to check whether a blood pressure monitor has been properly validated for accuracy
Authors: Picone Dean S. , Padwal Raj , Campbell Norm R. C. , Boutouyrie Pierre , Brady Tammy M. , Olsen Michael Hecht , Delles Christian , Lombardi Cintia , Mahmud Azra , Meng Yaxing , Mokwatsi Gontse G. , Ordunez Pedro , Phan Hoang T. , Pucci Giacomo , Schutte Aletta E. , Sung Ki‐Chul , Zhang Xin‐Hua , Sharman James E. ,   for the Accuracy in Measurement of Blood Pressure (AIM‐BP) Collaborative
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypertension guidelines recommend that blood pressure (BP) should be measured using a monitor that has passed validation testing for accuracy. BP monitors that have not undergone rigorous validation testing can still be cleared by regulatory authorities for marketing and sale. This is the situation for most BP monitors worldwide. Thus, consumers (patients, health professionals, procurement officers, and general public) may unwittingly purchase BP monitors that are non‐validated and more likely to be inaccurate. Without prior knowledge of these issues, it is extremely difficult for consumers to distinguish validated from non‐validated BP monitors. For the above reasons, the aim of this paper is to provide consumers guidance on how to check whether a BP monitor has been properly validated for accuracy. The process involves making an online search of listings of BP monitors that have been assessed for validation status. Only those monitors that have been properly validated are recommended for BP measurement. There are numerous different online listings of BP monitors, several are country‐specific and two are general (international) listings. Because monitors can be marketed using alternative model names in different countries, if a monitor is not found on one listing, it may be worthwhile cross‐checking with a different listing. This information is widely relevant to anyone seeking to purchase a home, clinic, or ambulatory BP monitor, including individual consumers for use personally or policy makers and those procuring monitors for use in healthcare systems, and retailers looking to stock only validated BP monitors.
Identifying patterns of diurnal blood pressure variation among ELSA‐Brasil participants
Authors: Paula Daniela P. , Lopes Leidjaira J. , Mill José G. , Fonseca Maria J. M. , Griep Rosane H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmbulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of hypertension. ABPM provides a set of repeated measurements for blood pressure (BP), usually over 24 h. Traditional approaches characterize diurnal BP variation by single ABPM parameters such as average and standard deviation, regardless of the temporal nature of the data. In this way, information about the pattern of diurnal BP variation and relationship between parameters is lost. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize daily BP patterns considering the set of repeated measures from 24‐h ABPM. A total of 859 adult participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil) performed a 24‐h ABPM record. Hypertension, sex, age, race/color, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and BMI were the covariables analyzed. Techniques for longitudinal clustering, multinomial models, and models with mixed effects were used. Three daily BP patterns were identified. Daily BP patterns with high BP presented higher standard deviation and morning surge and lower nocturnal dipping. They showed greater systolic BP variability and faster rise than fall in diastolic BP during sleep. Hypertensive, “pardos,” and men had greater odds to present these patterns. Daily BP patterns with high BP presented the worst profile concerning ABPM parameters associated with cardiovascular risk. The daily BP patterns identified contribute to the characterization of diurnal BP variation.
Predatory arthropod community composition in apple orchards: Orchard management, landscape structure and sampling method
Authors: Hambäck Peter A. , Porcel Mario , Tasin Marco , Samnegård Ulrika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudies on predatory arthropods in agricultural areas seldom include Diptera other than hoverflies, partly because common sampling methods are less effective for capturing species that easily fly off when disturbed. To study the effect from this bias when describing the predator community, we compared traditional beat sampling of branches and suction sampling for describing the community of predatory arthropods in Swedish apple orchards, both organic orchards and orchards using integrated pest management (IPM). Our results indicate that the proportion of both predatory dipterans and parasitic hymenopterans increase dramatically when using suction sampling (Diptera: 32% vs. 20%, Hymenoptera: 25% vs. 7%). In fact, predatory dipterans were the most abundant predatory group when using suction sampling, in contrast to beat sampling where spiders were the most abundant group. One group of predatory flies that was particularly rich in both species and individuals in the surveyed apple orchards was dance flies in the family Hybotidae. Even though the bias of sampling method was evident, it was encouraging that the method choice did not affect the conclusions concerning management on predatory arthropod communities. With both methods, dipteran and coleopteran predators were more abundant in organic apple orchards whereas opilionids were more abundant in orchards managed according to IPM. The inclusion of landscape variables further indicated effects of landscape diversity and of deciduous forest cover, but the response varied in sign between predatory groups. Whereas both Coleoptera and Heteroptera were more abundant in orchards surrounded by more complex landscapes (high landscape diversity and/or high deciduous forest cover), spiders, opilionids and dipterans were rather less abundant in these orchards. To conclude, our study points to the potential importance of predatory dipterans in apple orchards, and we highly recommend future studies of arthropod predators in apple and other crops to actively include predatory Diptera.
Homeowner mitigation decision‐making: Exploring the theory of planned behaviour approach
Authors: Slotter Rachel , Trainor Joseph , Davidson Rachel , Kruse Jamie , Nozick Linda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring hurricanes, flooding and wind cause property damage and loss of life. Increased coastal development and recent economic impacts of hurricanes has increased stakeholders' interest in coastal mitigation. Through the use of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study focuses on factors that impact the intention of homeowners to mitigate. Methodologically, surveys were sent to a random sample of 2,500 coastal North Carolina homeowners who provided insights about their hurricane and mitigation experiences. The sample was purchased from Genesys, which utilises the postal service's database to randomly select addresses. Binary logistic regression was used to compute homeowners' intention to adopt eight separate mitigation actions for their homes. The findings show limited support on the influence of emotion and risk perception on intention to mitigate. However, the findings clearly support the relationships between intention to mitigate and the influence of others and perceptions of the characteristics of the mitigation actions. The significance of the findings indicates the importance of utilising these factors in future studies to better understand mitigation decision‐making and to inform future mitigation policies and programs.
Psychological Reactivity to Daily Family Experiences During Adolescence: Individual Differences and Developmental Stability
Authors: Kim Joanna J. , Fuligni Andrew J. 
Published: October 2020

The current study examined adolescent psychological reactivity to daily family experiences, an important feature of emotion regulation that could have significant implications for psychopathology. A total of 428 Mexican‐heritage adolescents (Mage = 15.02 years, range: 13–18 years) completed daily diary checklists for 14 days and again 1 year later. Results revealed that adolescents’ family experiences were associated with negative mood, positive mood, and role fulfillment on a daily basis. Only role fulfillment reactivity was stable across 1 year, suggesting instability in individual differences in positive and negative mood reactivity. Sex moderated the relation between positive and negative mood reactivity during the second year of study, with males exhibiting broad psychological reactivity to daily family experiences. However, females who experienced higher negative mood reactivity exhibited less positive mood reactivity. Implications for possible sex differences in depression risk during the high school years are discussed.
Availability of public dental care service and dental caries increment in children: a cohort study
Authors: Moraes Renita Baldo , Menegazzo Gabriele Rissotto , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the impact of the availability of public dental care service on the increment of dental caries in children.MethodsThis is a 2‐year cohort study that followed preschool children from southern Brazil. Dental caries was measured at baseline and follow‐up evaluation, considering the number of surfaces with untreated dental caries. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as the use and availability of dental services were assessed. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis through a hierarchical approach and considering a random effect for repeated measures was used to explore the influence of exploratory variables in the increase in the outcome.ResultsA total of 419 cases were evaluated at follow‐up (91.3% cohort retention rate). The increase in the untreated dental caries was associated with living in places where there is no regular presence of dentists in the public health system. In addition, the increment of dental caries was influenced by age, household income, and dental attendance.ConclusionThe results suggest that the availability of dentists in the public health system have an impact the increment of dental caries among children. The integration of the dentist in the primary healthcare can contribute to decrease the barriers that lead to children's oral health.
Melatonin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy and reduces myocardial vulnerability to ischemia‐reperfusion injury by improving mitochondrial quality control: Role of SIRT6
Authors: Yu Li‐Ming , Dong Xue , Xue Xiao‐Dong , Xu Shu , Zhang Xu , Xu Yin‐Li , Wang Zhi‐Shang , Wang Yang , Gao Hao , Liang Yan‐Xiao , Yang Yang , Wang Hui‐Shan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTargeting mitochondrial quality control with melatonin has been found promising for attenuating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Activation of SIRT6 and melatonin membrane receptors exerts cardioprotective effects while little is known about their roles during DCM. Using high‐fat diet‐streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model, we found that prolonged diabetes significantly decreased nocturnal circulatory melatonin and heart melatonin levels, reduced the expressions of cardiac melatonin membrane receptors, and decreased myocardial SIRT6 and AMPK‐PGC‐1α‐AKT signaling. 16 weeks of melatonin treatment inhibited the progression of DCM and the following myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury by reducing mitochondrial fission, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy via re‐activating SIRT6 and AMPK‐PGC‐1α‐AKT signaling. After the induction of diabetes, adeno‐associated virus carrying SIRT6‐specific small hairpin RNA or luzindole was delivered to the animals. We showed that SIRT6 knockdown or antagonizing melatonin receptors abolished the protective effects of melatonin against mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by aggravated mitochondrial fission and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. Additionally, SIRT6 shRNA or luzindole inhibited melatonin‐induced AMPK‐PGC‐1α‐AKT activation as well as its cardioprotective actions. Collectively, we demonstrated that long‐term melatonin treatment attenuated the progression of DCM and reduced myocardial vulnerability to MI/R injury through preserving mitochondrial quality control. Melatonin membrane receptor‐mediated SIRT6‐AMPK‐PGC‐1α‐AKT axis played a key role in this process. Targeting SIRT6 with melatonin treatment may be a promising strategy for attenuating DCM and reducing myocardial vulnerability to ischemia‐reperfusion injury in diabetic patients.
The association of bacteriuria with survival and disease progression in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hindar Camilla , Chang Yu‐Mei , Syme Harriet M. , Jepson Rosanne E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased prevalence of positive urine cultures (PUC). Limited information is available regarding the prognosis of cats with CKD and concurrent PUC.ObjectiveTo determine the association of PUC with survival time and disease progression in cats with CKD.AnimalsMedical records of 509 cats diagnosed with azotemic CKD between 1997 and 2018.MethodsCats were classified as having “no‐PUC” or “PUC.” The PUC cats were further classified as having 1 or multiple PUC, and also were classified based on the presence or absence of clinical signs of urinary tract infection (UTI). Progression of CKD was defined as a plasma creatinine concentration increase of ≥25% within 365 days of CKD diagnosis; PUC also must have occurred within this time frame. Survival time and frequency of CKD progression were compared between groups.ResultsNo significant difference in survival time was found between cats with no‐PUC and cats with any number of PUC (P= .91), or between cats with no‐PUC, 1 PUC or multiple PUC (P= .37). Also, no significant difference was found in the frequency of CKD progression between PUC and no‐PUC cats (P= .5), or among no‐PUC, 1 PUC and multiple PUC cats (P= .22). When assessing cats with clinical signs of lower UTI, no significant difference was found in the frequency of CKD progression between cats with true UTI, subclinical bacteriuria or no‐PUC (P= .8).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWhen treated with antibiotics, PUC in cats with CKD do not affect disease progression or survival time.