bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution, population dynamics and damage of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North Tunisia
Authors: Cherif Amira , Rezgui Mohsen , Titouhi Faten , Youssfi Sondes , Soltani Abir , Barg Salha , El Bouhssini Mustapha , Mediouni Ben Jemâa Jouda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA three years survey and monitoring studies (2013–2014–2015) were carried out through 4 regions of north Tunisia in order to follow the evolution of the distribution, the frequency of occurrence and damage caused by the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor (Say) to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf). Moreover, the effectiveness of resistance genes H3, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, H22, H23, H25 and H26 to protect wheat from Hessian fly attack was assessed in natural field and under controlled laboratory conditions at INRAT‐Kef Station. Results showed that Hessian fly was detected in 60.33% and 51.5% of all sampled durum and bread wheat fields, respectively. This pest was more frequent with a higher percentage of infestation in semi‐arid regions. Indeed, during 2013, infestation rate attained 12.39% in Kef region against 0.9% registered in Bizerte region. In order to update information about the annual number of generations, we surveyed the population dynamic of Hessian fly in Kef region. Three generations of the fly were counted annually on wheat, with two complete and one incomplete generation. This insect affects host plant growth at different developmental stages. Plant height was the most affected parameter followed by shoot dry weight and tiller number. Field investigations on host resistance revealed that among the 16 tested resistance genes, and only three were strictly effective (H22, H25 and H26). The resistance genes H5, H9, H13 and H9H13 have also conferred high levels of protection against Hessian fly. This work indicated that H22, H25 and H26 genes could be incorporated into Tunisian wheat varieties and released to farmers to manage the threat due to Hessian fly attacks.
The Prognostic Performance of Frailty for Delirium and Functional Decline in Vascular Surgery Patients
Authors: Thillainadesan Janani , Mudge Alison M. , Aitken Sarah J. , Hilmer Sarah N. , Cullen John S. , Yumol Minna F. , Close Jacqueline C.T. , Norris Christina M. , Kerdic Richard , Naganathan Vasi 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundFrailty in older vascular surgery patients is associated with increased mortality, hospital stay, and morbidity. The association of frailty with hospital‐acquired geriatric syndromes such as delirium and functional decline has not been well studied.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between frailty and hospital‐acquired geriatric syndromes in older hospitalized vascular surgery patients, and to evaluate the prognostic performance of the frailty index (FI) and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) for delirium and functional decline.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAcute care academic hospital.ParticipantsPatients aged 65 years or more admitted to a tertiary vascular surgery unit (N=150).MeasurementsFrailty was assessed using the FI and CFS. The adjusted association of frailty status with delirium and functional decline was assessed using logistic regression analysis. The prognostic performance of FI and CFS was determined by assessing C‐statistic and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV).ResultsOf 150 participants, FI identified 34 (23%) and CFS identified 45 (30%) as frail. Frailty was an independent predictor of delirium (FI adjusted odds ratio, odds ratio (OR) = 5.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.53–21.03; CFS adjusted OR = 4.07, 95% CI = 1.14–14.50), but not functional decline. FI and CFS showed acceptable prognostic performance for delirium (C‐statistic 0.74), but not functional decline (C‐statistic 0.63–0.64). For both outcomes, the FI and CFS had high NPV (86–96%), and low PPV (22–29%).ConclusionFrail older vascular surgery patients are more likely to develop hospital‐acquired geriatric syndromes. The FI and CFS have acceptable prognostic performance for predicting delirium but not all individuals who are identified as frail develop delirium. Ongoing research is needed to identify interventions that improve outcomes in patients who screen positive for frailty.
Sound production, hearing sensitivity, and in‐depth study of the sound‐producing muscles in the cowfish (Lactoria cornuta)
Authors: Parmentier Eric , Marucco Fuentes Erica , Millot Morgane , Raick Xavier , Thiry Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ability to produce sounds has been reported in various Ostraciidae but not deeply studied. In some Ostracion species, two different sound‐producing muscles allow these boxfishes to produce two different kinds of sounds in a sequence. This study investigates sound production in another Indo‐Pacific species, the longhorn cowfish Lactoria cornuta that also possesses two pairs of sonic muscles associated with the swim bladder: extrinsic sonic muscles (ESMs) and intrinsic sonic muscles (ISMs). The cowfish produces two kinds of sounds called hums and clicks. Hums are made of trains of low amplitude pulses that last for long periods of time, suggesting that they are produced by fatigue‐resistant muscles, whereas clicks correspond to shorter sounds with greater amplitude than the hums, suggesting that they result from more powerful contractions. Ultra‐structural differences are found between extrinsic and intrinsic sonic muscles. According to features such as long sarcomeres, long I‐bands, a high number of mitochondria, and a proliferation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), ESMs would be able to produce fast, strong, and short contractions corresponding to clicks (the shortest sounds with the greatest amplitude). ISMs have the thinnest cells, the smallest number of myofilaments that have long I‐bands, the highest volume of mitochondria, and well‐developed SR supporting these muscles; these features should generate fast and prolonged contractions that could correspond to the hums that can be produced over long periods of time. A concluding figure shows clear comparisons of the different fibers that were studied in L. cornuta. This study also compared the call features of each sound with the cowfish's hearing ability and supports L. cornuta was more sensitive to frequencies ranging between at least 100 and 400 Hz with thresholds of 128–143 dB re 1 µPa over this range, meaning that they are sensitive to the frequencies produced by conspecifics.
Mothers' and Fathers' Well‐Being: Does the Gender Composition of Children Matter?
Authors: Negraia Daniela V. , Yavorsky Jill E. , Dukhovnov Denys 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines whether—and if so how—gender composition of children matters for mothers' and fathers' well‐being during parenting activities.BackgroundDespite that parents interact with girls and boys differently and spend different amounts of time with them, scholars have paid little attention to how gender composition of children matters for parental well‐being.MethodThe study assessed parental well‐being during time spent with children, across four measures of subjective well‐being (N = 16,140 activities, 8,621 parents), pooled across three survey waves (2010, 2012, and 2013) from the American Time Use Survey Well‐being Module. Random intercept models were used to account for the multilevel structure of the data.ResultsFor both mothers and fathers, gender composition of children was not associated with different levels of happiness or meaning while parenting. However, fathers reported greater stress parenting all girls and mixed‐gender children (i.e., girl/s and boy/s at the same time) compared to parenting all boys. Mothers reported greater fatigue and stress parenting all girls, compared to parenting all boys. Controlling for activity type explained some of the stress patterns.ConclusionThis study, which is contextualized in broader literature on gender stereotypes, interactional processes, and time‐use, makes several contributions to research on gender, family, and health and identifies an important factor—gender composition of children—that helps shape mothers' and fathers' well‐being while parenting.
An Alternative Incorporation Technique for Minimizing Complications in Attachment‐Retained Implant Mandibular Overdentures: Technical Report
Authors: Sipahi Cumhur , Ezmek Bahadır 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present technical report aimed to display an alternative incorporation method for ball/stud attachments in mandibular implant overdentures (MIO) to prevent or minimize metal housing debonding and attachment malpositioning. Precoating of metal housings with auto‐polymerizing acrylic resin (AAR) and fabrication of straight AAR bars onto metal housings for optimal parallelism were used as new techniques. The glossy flat surfaces of metal housings (matrices) were sandblasted and precoated with a thin layer of AAR in the laboratory. Straight acrylic resin bars (3 cm long and 3 mm in diameter) were obtained and attached to these flat metal housing surfaces using a surveyor. The metal housings carrying the AAR bars were then placed intraorally onto ball/stud attachments, accurately positioned parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the long axes of implants and bound to the MIO with AAR.
Rehabilitation of Occlusal Vertical Dimension in a Patient with Acromegaly: A Clinical Report
Authors: Kaffaf Mehmet Berk , Şeşen Pınar , Şakar Olcay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcromegaly is a rare acquired disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production. Dentists play an important role in the diagnosis of this disorder because of intraoral and extraoral symptoms such as extreme growth of the mandible, enlargement of the maxilla, diastema between teeth, a tendency toward malocclusion, a wide and thick nose, a marked malar bone, and thick lips. The prosthetic treatment of these patients is challenging because growth in the condyles and rami can lead to the development of a severe class III jaw relationship.This case report describes the prosthetic treatment of a patient with acromegaly. A decreased occlusal vertical dimension and class III jaw relationship were determined by intraoral and extraoral examinations and cephalometric radiography. The occlusal vertical dimension was reestablished by increasing it approximately 10 mm, as per the esthetic and functional needs of the patient. Four years after treatment, the patient was functioning well, and neither occlusal disharmony nor temporomandibular disorder was observed.
Tempered radicalism and intersectionality: Scholar‐activism in the neoliberal university
Authors: Richter Jennifer , Faragó Flóra , Swadener Beth Blue , Roca‐Servat Denisse , Eversman Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing a collaborative critical personal narrative methodology grounded in intersectionality, we interrogated tensions in identifying ourselves as tempered radicals and scholar‐activists who were involved in a local university‐community activist organization. We assert the value of informal activist spaces within the university and identify issues related to the lack of recognition of scholar‐activism as legitimate scholarship, including the paradox of universities as colonizing and liberatory spaces for community engagement and activism. Our themes highlight how mentorship affects scholar‐activism and how activism transforms and disrupts the neoliberal university. Yet, activism is rendered invisible, making homeplaces for scholar‐activism critical for students, faculty, staff, and the community to address structural inequalities within and outside of the university. We conclude with recommendations to improve mentorship for scholar‐activists, to revise tenure and promotion policies to include scholar‐activism, and to recognize spaces within the academy that honor scholar‐activism as a critical form of praxis informed by intersectionality.
Reproductive Output, Synchrony across Depth and Influence of Source Depth in the Development of Early Life stages of Kelp
Authors: Giraldo‐Ospina Ana , Kendrick Gary A. , Hovey Renae K. 
Published: November 2020

Ecklonia radiata is the main foundation species in Australian temperate reefs, yet little has been published on its reproduction and how this may change across its depth range (1–50+ m). In this study, we examined differences in sporophyte morphology and zoospore production during a reproductive season and across four depths (7, 15, 25, and 40 m). Additionally, we examined differences in germination rate, survival, and morphological traits of gametophytes obtained from these four depths, cultured under the same light and temperature conditions. Multivariate morphology of sporophytes differed significantly between deep (~40 m) and shallow sites (7 and 15 m), but individual morphological traits were not significantly different across depths. Total spore production was similar across depths but the peak of zoospore release was observed in February at 15 m of depth (6,154 zoospores · mm−2 of tissue) and the minimum observed in January at 7, 25, and 40 m (1,141, 987, and 214 zoospores · mm−2 of tissue, respectively). The source depth of zoospores did not have an influence in the germination rate or the survival of gametophytes, and only gametophytes sourced from 40 m sites presented significantly less surface area and number of branches. Overall, these results indicate that E. radiata’s reproductive performance does not change across its depth range and that kelp beds reproducing in deeper areas may contribute to the replenishment of their shallow counterparts. We propose that deep kelps may constitute a mechanism of resilience against climate change and anthropogenic disturbances.
Painful Subjects: Treating Chronic Pain among People Living with HIV in the Age of Opioid Risk
Authors: Carroll Jennifer J. , Lira Marlene C. , Lunze Karsten , Colasanti Jonathan A. , del Rio Carlos , Samet Jeffrey H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPublic narratives often attribute the opioid overdose epidemic in the United States to liberal prescribing practices by health care providers. Consequently, new monitoring guidelines for the management of opioid prescriptions in patients with chronic pain have become recognized as key strategies for slowing this tide of overdose deaths. This article examines the social and ontological terrain of opioid‐based pain management in an HIV clinic in the context of today's opioid overdose epidemic. We engage with anthropological analyses of contemporary drug policy and the nonverbal/performative ways patients and clinicians communicate to theorize the social context of the opioid overdose epidemic as a “situation,” arguing that the establishment of new monitoring strategies (essentially biomedical audit strategies) trouble patient subjectivity in the HIV clinic—a place where that subjectivity has historically been protected and prioritized in the establishment of care.
Systematic evaluation of cough‐anorectal pressure responses in health and in fecal incontinence: A high‐resolution anorectal manometry study
Authors: Rasijeff Annika M. P. , Garcia‐Zermeno Karla , Carrington Emma V. , Knowles Charles , Scott S. Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnorectal manometry is the most commonly performed test of anorectal function. The cough‐anorectal response is frequently assessed as part of a routine manometric investigation but has not previously been the subject of detailed analysis. This study systematically examined anorectal pressure responses to cough in health and evaluated the impact of parity and symptoms of fecal incontinence (FI) on measurements.MethodsHigh‐resolution anorectal manometry (HR‐ARM) traces from nulliparous (n = 25) and parous (n = 25) healthy volunteers (HV: aged 41, range 18‐64), and 57 parous patients with FI (age 47, range 28‐72) were retrospectively reviewed. Cough‐anorectal pressure responses were analyzed between groups by qualitative and quantitative approaches.Key resultsIn health, traditional anal pressure measurements (“rest” and “squeeze”) were similar between nulliparous and parous women. In contrast, incremental anal‐rectal pressure difference during cough significantly differed: nulliparous 42 mm Hg (95% CI: 21‐64) vs. parous 6 mm Hg (−14‐25), P < 0.036). This measure also differed significantly between nulliparous HVs and patients with FI (−2 mm Hg (95% CI: −15‐12), P < 0.001), but not between parous HVs and FI. Qualitatively, a color‐contour trace resembling a “spear” in the upper anal canal was observed uniquely in FI. Of 25 patients with normal anal function by traditional measures, cough parameters were abnormal in 52%.Conclusions and inferencesNovel HR‐ARM measures during coughing revealed differences in anal function between nulliparous and parous HV, and patients with FI, which were not detected by traditional measures. Cough‐anorectal measurements may improve manometric yield, though clinical utility would require assessment by longitudinal studies.
Soil biodiversity enhances the persistence of legumes under climate change
Authors: Yang Gaowen , Roy Julien , Veresoglou Stavros D. , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Global environmental change poses threats to plant and soil biodiversity. Yet, whether soil biodiversity loss can further influence plant community’s response to global change is still poorly understood.

We created a gradient of soil biodiversity using the dilution‐to‐extinction approach, and investigated the effects of soil biodiversity loss on plant communities during and following manipulations simulating global change disturbances in experimental grassland microcosms.

Grass and herb biomass was decreased by drought and promoted by nitrogen deposition, and a fast recovery was observed following disturbances, independently of soil biodiversity loss. Warming promoted herb biomass during and following disturbance only when soil biodiversity was not reduced. However, legumes biomass was suppressed by these disturbances, and there were more detrimental effects with reduced soil biodiversity. Moreover, soil biodiversity loss suppressed the recovery of legumes following these disturbances. Similar patterns were found for the response of plant diversity. The changes in legumes might be partly attributed to the loss of mycorrhizal soil mutualists.

Our study shows that soil biodiversity is crucial for legume persistence and plant diversity maintenance when faced with environmental change, highlighting the importance of soil biodiversity as a potential buffering mechanism for plant diversity and community composition in grasslands.
Planning for the future of a pediatric kidney transplant recipient with special needs: A parent's perspective
Authors: Carney Maedi Tanham 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI was asked to write this article to share with medical professionals, my view as a parent with a child who has special needs and needs a transplant. It is a detailed story from a parent's point of view on what it is like to have a child with special needs with serious medical complications and how I went about finding and managing my daughter's care. I summarize my own personal experiences based on my years of planning for my daughter.
Improving ovulation in gilts using anti‐inhibin serum treatment combined with fixed‐time artificial insemination
Authors: Jia Ruoxin , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhu Zhiwei , Huang Jing , Yu Fuxian , Zhang Liang , Ogura Atsuo , Pan Jianzhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor successful batch farrowing, porcine oestrus and ovulation must be synchronized using fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI). However, exogenous gonadotropins, which are currently used in FTAI, negatively affect gilt ovulation. Here, we aimed to improve sexually mature gilt superovulation efficiency using passive immunization against inhibin during FTAI. Altrenogest‐treated gilts were challenged with 10 ml anti‐inhibin serum (AIS group, n = 6), 1,000 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG group, n = 6), or 10 ml goat serum (control group, n = 6). Gilts in the AIS and PMSG groups were inseminated according to the FTAI protocol, and gilts in the control group were inseminated during natural oestrus. When PMSG was replaced by AIS during FTAI of gilts, ovulation rate and embryos recovered were significantly greater in the AIS group as compared to the other two groups (p < .05). Especially the average number of 6–8‐cell embryos in the AIS group was significantly higher than that in the PMSG group (p < .01). Moreover, the blastocyst number in the AIS group was significantly higher than that in the PMSG group and the control group (p < .05). But there was no significant difference in the blastocyst number between the PMSG group and the control group (p > .05). Besides, plasma levels of estradiol‐β (E2) and progesterone (P4) were significantly greater in the AIS group as compared to the other two groups on Day 23 and D 27, respectively (p < .01). In summary, we devised an improved high‐yield FTAI protocol for sexually mature gilts using AIS; this protocol had a greater superovulation efficiency than the FTAI using PMSG.
Beyond Generalization of the ATE: Designing Randomized Trials to Understand Treatment Effect Heterogeneity
Authors: Tipton Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearchers conducting randomized trials have increasingly shifted focus from the average treatment effect to understanding moderators of treatment effects. Current methods for exploring moderation focus on model selection and hypothesis tests. At the same time, recent developments in the design of randomized trials have argued for the need for population-based recruitment in order to generalize well. In this paper, we show that a different population-based recruitment strategy can be implemented to increase the precision of estimates of treatment effect moderators, and we explore the trade-offs between optimal designs for the average treatment effect and moderator effects.
Burden of Disease of Guillain–Barré Syndrome in Brazil before and during the Zika virus epidemic 2014–2016
Authors: Wachira Virginia Kagure , Nascimento Gilmara Lima , Peixoto Henry Maia , de Oliveira Maria Regina Fernandes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the burden of disease of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in Brazil in 2014, 1 year before the Zika virus epidemic, and in 2015 and 2016 during the epidemic.MethodsThe burden of disease of GBS was estimated using the summary measure of population health: Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY), that combines both mortality (Years of Life Lost YLLs) and morbidity (Years Lived with Disability) components. The study population was composed of GBS hospitalised cases and deaths from the information systems of the Brazilian Unified Health System.ResultsThe GBS incidence rate in 2014, 2015 and 2016 was 0.74, 0.96, 1.02/100 000 respectively, and the mortality rate in the same period was 0.08, 0.009 and 0.11/100 000 habitants. The DALYs calculated using the point estimate of GBS disability weight and its values of the confidence interval (0.198 and 0.414) were 5725.90 (5711.79–5742.89) in 2014, 6054.61 (6035.57–6077.54) in 2015 and 7588.49 (7570.20–7610.51) in 2016. The DALYs were high among the male population and in age groups between 20 and 50 years.ConclusionsThe increase in DALYs in the years 2015 and 2016 compared to 2014 probably resulted from the introduction of ZIKV in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of investments in the prevention of ZIKV infection and in the care of GBS patients.