bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of students and residents of human medicine in the first four months of the Covid-19 pandemic. Implications for a second wave.
Authors: Wohlfarth Benny , Gloor Beat , Hautz Wolf 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: In the Covid-19 pandemic, medical students and residents find themselves in a healthcare environment with measures and policies changing by the hour. Reports regarding those in training were scarce and scattered in the early pandemic, what made an overarching insight a challenge. This review compiles and analyzes the literature addressing the preparation of students and residents in the first four months of the Covid-19 pandemic to find gaps and implications for the current pandemic as well as for future scenarios.Methods: We performed a systematic literature search and content analysis (CA) for articles available in English language that focus on the preparation of students and residents in human medicine within the first four months of the Covid-19 pandemic.Results: We retrieved 82 articles from a wide range of journals, professional backgrounds and countries. CA identified five recurring subgroup topics of «faculty preparation», «uncertainty and mental health», «clinical knowledge», «rights and obligations» and «(self-) support and supply». Within these subgroups the main concerns of «(re)deployment», «interruption of training and career», «safety issues», «transmission of disease», and «restricted social interaction» were identified as potential stressors that hold a risk for fatigue, loss of morale and burnout.Discussion: Students and residents are willing and able to participate, when provided with appropriate deployment, thorough supervision, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and valid knowledge. Faculties and policymakers should be in close contact with the youngest in training to value their concerns and intrinsic creativity on the scenario. The use of new technology for interaction and knowledge provision, interviews for voluntary deployment and the provision of mental health support seem appropriate measures to support students and residents under the current pandemic.Conclusion: Our review holds thorough implications for faculties and policymakers. Not only for surge capacity, but also for the safety and the professional identity formation of those in training, it is crucial to understand their needs and concerns. Leaders should strive for a close communication with students and residents, value their intrinsic creativeness and constantly evaluate on their needs regarding knowledge aspects, safety measures, legal concerns and well-being for the construction of nation-wide homogenous policies.
Dexmedetomidine alleviates inflammation-induced neuropathic pain by suppressing NLRP3 via activation of Nrf2
Authors: Shan Wenyan , Liao Xiaoyun , Tang Yixun , Liu Jitong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of dexmedetomidine (DEX) involving Nrf2-dependent inhibition of NLRP3 in relieving neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat models.Methods: The CCI rat models were constructed through sciatic nerve ligation. The CCI rats were treated with DEX, Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385), NLRP3 antagonist (MCC950) and NLRP3 activator (Nigericin). Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured to test the pain sensitivity of CCI rats. H&E staining detected spinal injury of the rats and TUNEL staining was applied to test apoptosis in the spinal cords. ELISA measured the expressions of inflammatory factors. The expressions of Nrf2 and NLRP3 were also detected.Results: Decreased MWT, enhanced spinal cord injury, promoted apoptosis and increased inflammatory factors were detected in CCI rats. The expressions of the above indicators were retraced in DEX-treated CCI rats. Increased MWT, reduced spinal cord injury, inhibited apoptosis and decreased inflammatory factors were detected in rats treated with MCC950 or ML385 while opposite expression patterns were found in rats treated with Nigericin. The expressions of these indicators were retraced in both DEX+ML385 group and MCC950+ML385 group compared to ML385 group and MCC950 group respectively.Conclusion: DEX reduces neuropathic pain of CCI rats by suppressing NLRP3 through activation of Nrf2.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE POLÍTICAS EM EDUCAÇÃO E PRÁTICAS ESCOLARES NO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO À EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Costa de Azevedo Mello Rachel Costa , Moll Jaqueline 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação de gestores, professores e estudantes nas práticas escolares, diante das orientações das políticas em educação e dos desafios do cotidiano escolar no Ensino Médio Integrado à educação profissional no contexto brasileiro. Tendo como referencial teórico metodológico, os estudos de Stephen Ball, o Ciclo de Políticas, a pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola pública de Ensino Médio Integrado em Pernambuco, na qual utilizamos a análise da política educacional, observações diretas e registro em diário de campo e entrevistas. A partir da categoria teórica atuação, analisamos as práticas dos gestores, professores e estudantes e identificamos que as categorias empíricas, tempo e espaço escolar, assim como, diálogo e participação são fundamentais para repensarmos as políticas em educação e as práticas escolares no Ensino Médio Integrado à educação profissional. Palavras-chave: Políticas em educação. Práticas escolares. Ensino médio.
Runoff sensitivity to climate and land-use changes: A case study in the Longtan basin, Southwestern China
Authors: Mo Guiyan , Huang Ya , Yang Qing , Wang Dayang , Mo Chongxun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on the scenario hypothesis method, this paper applied a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to analyze the sensitivity of runoff to climate and land-use changes in the Longtan basin, China. Results indicated that (1) for every 1 °C increase in temperature, the average annual runoff decreased by 9.9 mm, and the average annual evaporation increased by 9.3 mm. However, for every 10% increase in rainfall, the average annual runoff and evapotranspiration increased by 96.3 mm and 11.53 mm, respectively. Obviously, runoff was more sensitive to the change in rainfall than temperature in the Longtan basin. Meanwhile, (2) forestland could conserve water resources, but its water consumption was larger. Although grassland played a relatively small role in water conservation, it consumed less water. At the same time, increasing the area of forestland and grassland could weaken peak floods, and the water retention function of vegetation could prevent runoff from increasing and decreasing steeply. Therefore, it is worth improving vegetation coverage.
Kinetic and residence time distribution modeling of tubular electrochemical reactor: analysis of results using Taguchi method
Authors: Mythilishri R. , Kamalakannan V. P. , Saravanathamizhan R. , Balasubramanian N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Decolorization of dye waste water is performed using a tubular electrochemical reactor. Stainless steel and oxide coated on titanium mesh acts as the cathode and anode respectively. Experiments were conducted in batch with recirculation mode. The effect of operating parameters such as current density, initial dye concentration, flow rate and supporting electrolyte concentration on decolorization of Acid red dye has been studied and the results were analysed using Taguchi method. A residence time distribution (RTD) study has been conducted in a tubular electrochemical reactor and an axial dispersion model has been developed to determine percentage decolorization. The model results are compared with experimental results and it was found that the model satisfactorily matches with the experimental results with high correlation coefficient.
Safety and Efficacy of Mavrilimumab For Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shamseldin Laila Salah , Shawqi Mohamed Mohamed , Al Hashem Noor Adel , Alhyari Majd Aleslam Hussein , Abd Elazeem Hossam Aldein Samir , Elghazaly Shrouk M. , Hamdallah Aboalmagd , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Nourelden Anas Zakarya 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease
characterized by progressive swelling and stiffness in the joints. Mavrilimumab is a human monoclonal
antibody that may block the autoimmune mechanism of the antibodies causing RA.

Objective:
We aim to assess the safety and efficacy of Mavrilimumab in treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods:
We conducted an online search using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane
CENTRAL till June 2019, and updated the search in May 2020, using relevant keywords. We
screened studies for eligibility. Data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled as Risk ratio
(RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), using Review Manager software (ver.3.5).

Results:
Five studies (with 1145 patients) were eligible to our criteria. Pooled result from three
trials showed a significant reduction in Disease Activity Score 28 based on C-reactive protein
(DAS28-CRP) remission < 2.6 after 12 weeks (RR = 3.31, 95% CI [1.53, 7.18], P = 0.002), American
College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, after 12 weeks (RR = 2.38, 95% CI [1.80, 3.16], P <
0.00001), ACR 50, after 12 weeks (RR = 2.93, 95% CI [1.67, 5.15], P = 0.0002), ACR 70, after 12
weeks (RR = 4.90, 95% CI [1.60, 15.00], P = 0.005). Mavrilimumab not associated with a significant
adverse event (RR = 1.22, 95% CI [0.89, 1.68], P = 0.22).

Conclusion:
We found that subcutaneous Mavrilimumab was effective and well-tolerating in treating
RA patients, with no significant adverse events.
GMP-Automated Purification of Copper-61 Produced in Cyclotron Liquid Targets: Methodological Aspects
Authors: Fonseca Alexandra I. , Alves Vítor H. , do Carmo Sérgio J. C. , Falcão Amílcar , Abrunhosa Antero J. , Alves Francisco 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Expanding the range of metal-based PET radiopharmaceuticals that can
be produced by the widely available network of biomedical cyclotrons is a major priority. Copper-
61 is a positron emitter with very favourable physical (61.5% β+, 1.22 MeV max.) and chemical
properties, which emerged as a promising PET imaging agent.

Objectives:
This work aimed to develop and optimise a GMP-automated purification method for
copper-61 produced in a cyclotron using a natural zinc liquid target.

Methods:
The automated purification process was performed using a commercially available Synthera
® Extension module (IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) using a three-column method: two extraction
chromatographic resins and a strong anion exchange resin. The final product was evaluated
using HPGe and ICP-MS analysis, to assess the radionuclidic and chemical purity of the final copper-
61 solution.

Results:
The automated purification process was completed within 1 h of processing time, with an
average yield of 63.0 ± 15.0%, in a maximum volume of 5 mL. The radionuclidic purity of copper-
61 in the final solution was over 95% for 7 h after EOB. ICP-MS analysis revealed 4.8 ± 2.4
μg of natural zinc in the final purified sample, and the copper-61 molar activity was 230.5 ± 139.3
GBq/μmol.

Conclusion:
The described purification process allows for the production of a highly radionuclidically
and chemically pure, GMP compliant copper-61 solution, ready to be used for the development
of copper-61 based radiopharmaceuticals for routine clinical use.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for the Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Retrospective Case Series during Four Years follow-up in a Single Center
Authors: Papa Alfonso , Saracco Elisabetta , Di Dato Maria Teresa , Buonavolontà Pietro , Salzano Anna Maria , Tammaro Dario , Casale Beniamino 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is involved in the transduction of pain signals to the central nervous system (CNS) and undergoes a number of physiopathological changes during chronic pain. The purpose of this data collection was to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of DRG stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain and its impact on functional aspects.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-four subjects with non-reactive chronic neuropathic pain syndrome were implanted with DRG stimulation.
Patients were evaluated at baseline as well as at 15, and 30 days, and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after medical intervention/surgery using the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), which measures pain intensity, and the Oswestry Scale, for the estimation of disability (ODI).

Results:
After four years of simulation, VAS and ODI showed a statistically significant reduction throughout the follow-up period. The average pain relief obtained after 48 months of treatment was 74.1% ± 3.4.

Conclusion:
The results of this data collection demonstrate the feasibility of DRG stimulation, the correspondence between the clinical indications at the DRG implant and what is commonly found in the literature on this technique.(18,20) Patients defined as clinical responders to DRG stimulation and so implanted with definitive IPG showed a sustained and long term efficacy. Eight patients had previously been implanted with a traditional SCS without any clinically relevant efficacy; they were then explained for unsatisfactory results. Six of them (75%) were later implanted with DRG, with long-term effectiveness. Another advantage of this therapy is the absence of positional effects and lead migration. The adverse events proved to be independent of the anatomical level of insertion; moreover, this series of cases show a lower incidence of lead migration than reported in the literature. In summary, DRGs have been ignored for too long, probably due to the technical difficulty of reaching their deep, almost extra-spinal anatomical position.
A Design of Multi-element Anti-jamming GPS Antenna
Authors: Luo Xianquan , Lv Juwei 
Published: November 2020

Background:
With the development of the application of GPS satellite, the requirement
of anti-jamming and integration for navigation receiving terminal is gradually raised. In terms of
anti-jamming performance, because the satellite signal arrives at the ground with weak intensity and
is vulnerable to electromagnetic interference, the positioning results are not available.

Objective:
Therefore, in complex electromagnetic environment, the anti-jamming navigation receiving
terminal is needed, and the interference nulling or beam pointing can be achieved by using multi-
element antenna array with anti-jamming algorithm.

Methods:
Accordingly to requirements, the development trend of navigation receiving terminal is
from single mode to multi-mode and miniaturization. A miniaturized 7-element anti-jamming antenna
array is proposed. It mainly aims at GPS L1 and L2 frequency points. All elements adopt ceramic
substrate microstrip antenna. The array elements adopt laminated design to effectively reduce
the antenna aperture. The spacing between elements at two frequency points is not greater than half
wavelength, which can ensure the back-end anti-jamming algorithm performance, and its performance
and characteristics are verified through related experiments and simulations.

Results:
Anti-jamming algorithm performance, and its performance and characteristics are verified
through related experiments and simulations.

Conclusion:
The designed multi-element antenna can be used in the anti-jamming application.
A Comparative Study on the Activation Energy for Hot Deformation of 5CrNiMoV and S34MnV Steel
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Wang Kaikun , Yang Yan 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The value of the activation energy is dependent on deformation conditions and sensitive to the difference in
the alloying element. The research on the evolution of the activation energy with strain and alloying elements plays an
important role in analyzing the mechanism of hot deformation.

Objective:
The purpose was to clarify the activation energy evolution with strain, to analyze strengthening or softening
mechanism of each element and acquire an empirical equation for medium carbon steels to quantitatively describe the
effect of each element on activation energy.

Methods:
Hot compression tests of the two medium carbon steel were conducted. The value of activation energy at
different strain was obtained by fitting the experiment results. Through the analysis of medium carbon steels with
different composition in published papers, the empirical relationship between thermal activation energy and chemical
composition can be fitted.

Results:
It was found that the activation energy showed significant dependence on the strain and chemical composition.
The activation energy’s evolution with strain was revealed. An empirical expression for medium carbon steels was
proposed to characterize the influence of the chemical composition on the activation energy. It was found that the
microalloying elements Nb, Ti, V and Mo, as the main solution strengthener and precipitation strengthener, have a
positive effect on the activation energy.

Conclusion:
The evolution of the activation energy with strain was revealed and the corresponding hot deformation
mechanism was analyzed through the activation energy. An empirical expression was acquied to characterize the
influence of the chemical composition on the activation energy for medium carbon steels, which would be used for the
research on new materials.
Association Rule Mining and Prognostic Stratification of 2-Year Longevity in Octogenarians Undergoing Endovascular Therapy for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Jhang Jing-Yi , Tzeng I-Shiang , Chou Hsin-Hua , Jang Shih-Jung , Hsieh Chien-An , Ko Yu-Lin , Huang Hsuan-Li 
Published: November 2020

Background
Two-year longevity is a crucial consideration in revascularization strategies for patients with symptomatic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). However, factors associated with 2-year longevity and risk stratification in octogenarians or nonagenarians have been underreported.

Objective
This paper aims to investigate the associated variables and stratify the 2-year prognosis in older patients with LEAD.

Methods
We performed logistic regression and association rule mining based on the Apriori algorithm to discover independent variables and validate their associations with 2-year longevity. Malnutrition, inflammation, and stroke factors were identified. C statistics and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to assess the impact of different numbers of malnutrition, inflammation, and stroke factors on 2-year longevity.

Results
We recruited a total of 232 octogenarians or nonagenarians (mean age 85 years, SD 4.2 years) treated with endovascular therapy. During the study period, 81 patients died, and 27 of those (33%) died from a cardiac origin within 2 years. Association rules analysis showed the interrelationships between 2-year longevity and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and nutritional status as determined by the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score or Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). The cut-off values of NLR, GNRI, and CONUT were ≥3.89, ≤90.3, and >3, respectively. The C statistics for the predictive power for 2-year longevity were similar between the CONUT score and the GNRI-based models (0.773 vs 0.760; P=.57). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 2-year longevity was worse as the number of malnutrition, inflammation, and stroke factors increased from 0 to 3 in both the GNRI-based model (92% vs 68% vs 46% vs 12%, respectively; P<.001) and the CONUT score model (87% vs 75% vs 49% vs 10%, respectively; P<.001). The hazard ratio between those with 3 factors and those without was 18.2 (95% CI 7.0-47.2; P<.001) in the GNRI and 13.6 (95% CI 5.9-31.5; P<.001) in the CONUT score model.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the association and crucial role of malnutrition, inflammation, and stroke factors in assessing 2-year longevity in older patients with LEAD. Using this simple risk score might assist clinicians in selecting the appropriate treatment.
Patient Challenges and Needs in Comprehending Laboratory Test Results: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Citardi Daniel , Xing Aiwen , Luo Xiao , Lu Yu , He Zhe 
Published: November 2020

Background
Patients are increasingly able to access their laboratory test results via patient portals. However, merely providing access does not guarantee comprehension. Patients could experience confusion when reviewing their test results.

Objective
The aim of this study is to examine the challenges and needs of patients when comprehending laboratory test results.

Methods
We conducted a web-based survey with 203 participants and a set of semistructured interviews with 13 participants. We assessed patients’ perceived challenges and needs (both informational and technological needs) when they attempted to comprehend test results, factors associated with patients’ perceptions, and strategies for improving the design of patient portals to communicate laboratory test results more effectively. Descriptive and correlation analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyze the survey and interview data, respectively.

Results
Patients face a variety of challenges and confusion when reviewing laboratory test results. To better comprehend laboratory results, patients need different types of information, which are grouped into 2 categories—generic information (eg, reference range) and personalized or contextual information (eg, treatment options, prognosis, what to do or ask next). We also found that several intrinsic factors (eg, laboratory result normality, health literacy, and technology proficiency) significantly impact people’s perceptions of using portals to view and interpret laboratory results. The desired enhancements of patient portals include providing timely explanations and educational resources (eg, a health encyclopedia), increasing usability and accessibility, and incorporating artificial intelligence–based technology to provide personalized recommendations.

Conclusions
Patients face significant challenges in interpreting the meaning of laboratory test results. Designers and developers of patient portals should employ user-centered approaches to improve the design of patient portals to present information in a more meaningful way.
Un homme-orchestre dissonant
Authors: Maggetti Daniel , Lüthi Dave 
Published: November 2020

William Ritter (1867-1955) est un artiste aux multiples facettes : à la fois romancier, critique littéraire, critique musical, photographe, dessinateur, auteur de récits de voyage, il a produit une oeuvre quantitativement imposante, que l’histoire littéraire de Suisse romande n’a pourtant que très partiellement prise en compte. Les articles réunis dans ce dossier entendent lever un coin du voile qui recouvre une figure dont les écrits, le parcours et les échanges intellectuels sont à même de nourrir une réflexion en profondeur sur les tendances de la culture de son temps.
Keywords: Suisse romande, Europe centrale, roman fin-de-siècle, wagnérisme, critique musicale, critique artistique
Critiques paratopiques. Ritter, Lambert et Jeanneret, des Neuchâtelois déracinés et leur rapport à la tradition
Authors: Lüthi Dave 
Published: November 2020

William Ritter, un homme exceptionnel ? Souvent isolé par l’historiographie en raison de son profil jugé atypique, Ritter n’est pas souvent remis dans son contexte historique et culturel. Cette contribution cherche à remédier à cette lacune en le comparant à deux acteurs contemporains de la critique artistique, deux autres Neuchâtelois, les architectes André Lambert et Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris (bientôt plus connu sous le pseudonyme de Le Corbusier). Pratiquant comme Ritter une lecture paratopique de la scène artistique de leur temps, ils permettent de juger du degré d’originalité de leur confrère dilettante.
Keywords: critique d’art, voyage, paratopie, exotisme, patriotisme, Europe, Suisse