bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Outcome of Blood Transfusions in Conservative and Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Karila Kristiina , Koivusalo Antti 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction In necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), blood transfusions (BTs) are a disputed factor concerning the etiology and the outcome. We assessed retrospectively the effects of preonset BT on the outcome of NEC and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP).
Materials and Methods With ethical consent, we reviewed the hospital records of 113 neonates from 2002 to 2019 with surgical NEC (NECs) (n = 57), conservatively treated NEC (NECc) (n = 20), and SIP (n = 36). The onset was defined as the day of surgery (NECs and SIP) or diagnosis (NECc). The effects of preonset BT (total, beyond 48 hours, and within 48 hours) were compared with the effects of birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), intracerebral hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, septicemia, and patent ductus arteriosus. Main outcome measure was 2-week mortality, and secondary measures were small intestinal loss and days on parenteral nutrition (PN).
Results Overall mortality (8.9%) was predicted independently by BT total and BT beyond 48 hours, risk ratio (RR) = 1.1 to 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–1.4), p = 0.01 to 0.02, and BW and GA, RR = 0.7 to 1.0 (95% CI = 0.5–1.0), p = 0.02 to 0.04. Mortality in NECs (12%) was predicted by BT total and BT beyond 48 hours only, RR = 1.1 to 1.2 (95% CI = 1.0–1.5), p = 0.03 to 0.04. BT within 48 hours of onset did not predict mortality. No factors were related with secondary outcome measures or with mortality in patients with SIP or NECc.
Conclusion In NECs, preoperative BT and BT given more than 48 hours before surgery were correlated with slightly increased 2-week mortality but not with small intestinal loss or duration of PN.
Histomorphological Assessment of Formalin versus Nonformalin Fixatives in Diagnostic Surgical Pathology
Authors: Shetty Jayaprakash Kubalady , Babu Hannah Fathima , Hosapatna Laxminarayana Kishan Prasad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Fixation is the critical step in the preservation of tissues in diagnostic pathology. The formalin is an economical and excellent fixative with the inherent property of adequate fixation. The well-established side effects of formalin include mucosal irritation, upper respiratory diseases, and corrosive injury to the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, substantial evidence exists regarding the potential role of formaldehyde as a human carcinogen. The carcinogenic and toxic effects of formalin encourage searching for alternative fixatives for tissue fixation. However, “the formalin dogma” has severely hampered the search for alternative fixatives for many years.
Material and Methods Ninety tissues of liver and skeletal muscle obtained during autopsies were immersed in adequate amounts of the following fixatives: formalin (10%), methyl alcohol (70%), and acetone (100%). The comparison among the three was made based on time for fixation, preservation of tissue architecture, cell borders, cytoplasm, nuclear contours, chromatin texture, and uniformity of staining.
Results The tissue preserved in formalin undergoes rapid fixation compared with alcohol and acetone. The tissue architecture, cell border characteristics of alcohol and acetone was found satisfactory compared with formalin. The cytoplasm and nuclear contour were superior with the formalin. The chromatin texture and uniformity of staining were similar with all the three fixatives.
Conclusion The formalin is considered superior to most of the parameters, whereas both methyl alcohol and acetone showed nearly equivalent scores. Hence, owing to the potential human health hazards and carcinogenicity of formalin, no rational reasons hamper the complete substitution of formalin with alternative fixatives such as alcohol and acetone in diagnostic pathology and medical research.
Optimal utility and probability functions for agents with finite computational precision
Authors: Juechems Keno , Balaguer Jan , Spitzer Bernhard , Summerfield Christopher 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceWhen making economic decisions, humans can evaluate probabilities and magnitudes of outcomes in an idiosyncratic way that can lead to poor decisions. This suggests that the internal functions that map objective quantities onto subjective utilities are nonlinear. Here, we ask why utility functions take this form, making the assumption that human decisions are intrinsically variable (corrupted by noise). Using simulations, we show that the canonical nonlinear form of these functions maximizes reward and minimizes uncertainty for a noisy decision agent. We demonstrate in two experiments that humans adapt optimally to manipulations of outcome certainty. Thus, our results suggest that observed subjective functions may represent an optimal adaptation within the constraints imposed by biology.
Urban planning sustainability metrics for Arctic cities
Authors: DiNapoli Benjamin , Jull Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Changing conditions in the Arctic are prompting increased interest in measuring the performance of Arctic cities to assess challenges of urban sustainability and inform policy makers. This paper presents methods, analysis, and preliminary results from a cross-comparative study of urban planning sustainability indicators using metrics defined by the International Organization for Standardization’s ISO 37120 Sustainable Cities and Communities for 46 Arctic and near-Arctic cities. The framework for evaluating urban planning indicators described in this paper establishes a multi-method approach that defines the area of the city using local statistical units and utilizes a combination of remote sensing, geospatial analysis, and statistical data collection to calculate sustainability metrics. The results of this paper reveal several city- and regional-level characteristics of the Arctic cities in this study in terms of livability, efficiency, socio-economics and sustainability.
Atmospheric moisture shapes increasing tropical cyclone precipitation in southern China over the past four decades
Authors: Gao Si , Mao Jiali , Zhang Wei , Zhang Feng , Shen Xinyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although slower translation speed can induce a larger amount of local rainfall for an individual tropical cyclone (TC), whether change in total TC precipitation (TCP) affecting China is related to TC translation speed in the satellite era remains unclear. Based on multiple TC best-track datasets and a reanalysis dataset, we find a significant increasing trend in total TCP over two regions of southern China during 1980–2018. This upward trend can be attributed to the enhancing atmospheric water vapor content and moisture transport over southern China, however, TC intensity, frequency, and translation speed have no contributions. Given the potential linkage between the increasing atmospheric water vapor content over southern China and the western Pacific warming under global warming, our results suggest a likely role of anthropogenic global warming in the increasing TCP over southern China during the past 4 decades.
How climate change and fire exclusion drive wildfire regimes at actionable scales
Authors: Hanan Erin J , Ren Jianning , Tague Christina L , Kolden Crystal A , Abatzoglou John T , Bart Ryan R , Kennedy Maureen C , Liu Mingliang , Adam Jennifer C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extreme wildfires are increasing in frequency globally, prompting new efforts to mitigate risk. The ecological appropriateness of risk mitigation strategies, however, depends on what factors are driving these increases. While regional syntheses attribute increases in fire activity to both climate change and fuel accumulation through fire exclusion, they have not disaggregated causal drivers at scales where land management is implemented. Recent advances in fire regime modeling can help us understand which drivers dominate at management-relevant scales. We conducted fire regime simulations using historical climate and fire exclusion scenarios across two watersheds in the Inland Northwestern U.S., which occur at different positions along an aridity continuum. In one watershed, climate change was the key driver increasing burn probability and the frequency of large fires; in the other, fire exclusion dominated in some locations. We also demonstrate that some areas become more fuel-limited as fire-season aridity increases due to climate change. Thus, even within watersheds, fuel management must be spatially and temporally explicit to optimize effectiveness. To guide management, we show that spatial estimates of soil aridity (or temporally averaged soil moisture) can provide a relatively simple, first-order indicator of where in a watershed fire regime is climate vs. fuel-limited and where fire regimes are most vulnerable to change.
The Askey–Wilson algebra and its avatars
Authors: Crampé Nicolas , Frappat Luc , Gaboriaud Julien , Poulain d’Andecy Loïc , Ragoucy Eric , Vinet Luc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The original Askey–Wilson algebra introduced by Zhedanov encodes the bispectrality properties of the eponym polynomials. The name Askey–Wilson algebra is currently used to refer to a variety of related structures that appear in a large number of contexts. We review these versions, sort them out and establish the relations between them. We focus on two specific avatars. The first is a quotient of the original Zhedanov algebra; it is shown to be invariant under the Weyl group of type D
4 and to have a reflection algebra presentation. The second is a universal analogue of the first one; it is isomorphic to the Kauffman bracket skein algebra (KBSA) of the four-punctured sphere and to a subalgebra of the universal double affine Hecke algebra

(

C

1

∨

,

C

1

)

. This second algebra emerges from the Racah problem of

U

q

(

s
l

2

)

and is related via an injective homomorphism to the centralizer of

U

q

(

s
l

2

)

in its threefold tensor product. How the Artin braid group acts on the incarnations of this second avatar through conjugation by R-matrices (in the Racah problem) or half Dehn twists (in the diagrammatic KBSA picture) is also highlighted. Attempts at defining higher rank Askey–Wilson algebras are briefly discussed and summarized in a diagrammatic fashion.
Determinant formulas for the five-vertex model
Authors: Burenev Ivan N , Pronko Andrei G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We consider the five-vertex model on a finite square lattice with fixed boundary conditions such that the configurations of the model are in a one-to-one correspondence with the boxed plane partitions (3D Young diagrams which fit into a box of given size). The partition function of an inhomogeneous model is given in terms of a determinant. For the homogeneous model, it can be given in terms of a Hankel determinant. We also show that in the homogeneous case the partition function is a τ-function of the sixth Painlevé equation with respect to the rapidity variable of the weights.
Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) for Ozone (O3) Concentrations Prediction
Authors: Nazmi Liyana Mohd Napi Nur , Syazwan Noor Mohamed Mohammad , Abdullah Samsuri , Abu Mansor Amalina , Najah Ahmed Ali , Ismail Marzuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rapid economic growth has led to an increase in ozone (O3) concentration which significantly affecting human health and environment. The prediction of O3 is complicated due to the redundancy of influencing parameters which introduce the multicollinearity problem. The aim of this study is to assess the best prediction model for O3 concentration which is Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Principle Component Regression (PCR). Data from 2012 to 2014 were used including O3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxide (O2), temperature, relative humidity and wind speed on hourly basis. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used in order to reduce multicollinearity problem, prior to the implementation of MLR. The hybrid model of PCR was selected as best -fitted models as it had higher correlation coefficient, R2 values compared with MLR model. In conclusion, the information from best-fitted prediction model can be used by local authorities to plan the precaution measure in combating and preserve the better air quality level.
Electrical Performance based on the Thickness of Electrode using Anatase TiO2 Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Gomesh Nair , Daud Zawawi , Azan Tajarudin Husnul , Santiagoo Ragunathan , Ramli Syafinar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Solar cell research is an ongoing process to obtain a trade-off between the efficiency to price ratio. In the process to obtain high efficiency at lower cost, the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) emerge as the potential candidate. There have been many calls for an alternative method to a solar cell production compared to the current Si-solar cell production. This paper briefly discusses the comparison of using Anatase based titanium dioxide (A-TiO2) at different thickness to the electrical performance of the DSSC. The Dr. Blade method was employed to the fabrication of the DSSC with a reference dyes and platinum deposition technique which acts as a counter electrode. Overall result shows that the 10µm thickness displays improved performance in the solar cell efficiency as compared to other electrode thickness fabricated and tested. The factors that improves the electrical performance based on the electrode thickness have been discussed in the paper.
Application of Geospatial Information System (GIS) using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in Determining Shoreline Changes
Authors: Isha I B , Adib M R M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The shoreline mapping and analysis are extensive for numerous coastal studies such as advancement of regression planning, geo-hazard recognition, decomposition-enhancing studies and theoretical or predictive modelling or coastal characterization. The occurrence of erosion in coastal areas is caused by a combination of factors nature and human action. Therefore, a study was conducted at Regency Beach, Port Dickson to find out the shoreline changes in the area. Eight remote sensing data from 1988 to 2019 were used in this study using ArcGIS 10.3 and DSAS v4.2 software to obtain shoreline changes. It can be concluded that the pattern of shoreline changed from 1988 to 2019 in the study area and much erosion occurred between 2005 and 2010.
The impact of anthropogenic pressures on sturgeon migration in the Lower Danube
Authors: Raischi Marius , György Deák Habil , Oprea Lucian , Raischi Natalia , Dănălache Tiberius , Matei Stelian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Black Sea sturgeons are anadromous fish species [1], which migrate upstream on the Danube River for breeding. The distance traveled in the migration process varies depending on each species, from tens to hundreds of kilometers [2]. After breeding, the anadromous sturgeons return to the Black Sea and go back to the Danube after a time that varies depending on the species between 3 and 5 years [3]. All sturgeon species that migrate in the Danube basin are on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [4]. Considering that sturgeon migration is a condition of the existence of species [5], INCDPM developed in 2011-2017 extensive research studies of their behavior. Using ultrasonic telemetry, unique information volumes have been obtained on the behavior during sturgeon migration in different hydrodynamic conditions and under the pressures caused by anthropogenic activities. The intensity of poaching was also analyzed, resulting in that this pressure represents a real threat to the existence of sturgeon species. Over 70% of the total specimens monitored in research studies, developed by INCDPM during the over 7 years of research, were poached. The research was conducted in Ml compliance with the provisions of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 [6], which aims to conserve endangered habitats and species, including by reducing and eliminating by-catches.
Proposed Method and Framework for Evaluating and Calculating a Seismic Vulnerability Index of Malaysia
Authors: Suhaiza Sauti Noor , Effendi Daud Mohd , Kaamin Masiri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There are various constraints and challenges faced in conducting seismic vulnerability assessment studies in Malaysia due to key factors related to appropriate data availability, methods and frameworks. This paper would highlight on the proposed method and framework for assessing and calculating the seismic vulnerability index at district level for Malaysia condition. A set of vulnerability index indicators that incorporate exposure, resilience and capacity elements had been constructed to identify and evaluate local features that would contribute to the vulnerability of populations and properties to the occurrence of earthquakes. Specifically, a multivariate data analysis method would be performed to identify and assess the relative contribution (weightage value) of respective indicators and following with the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to map and generate the spatial heterogeneity of total vulnerability index map and potential seismic vulnerability index map. Finally, the derived maps could provide preliminary information on the seismically vulnerable area classifications in order to improve the disaster mitigation and preparedness strategies by response disaster agencies.
Technological Development of Bamboo for “Batik” Stamp in Malaysian Textile Industries
Authors: Lias Hamdan , Rasdan Ismail Ahmad , Jusoh Norfadzilah , Hamid Haslinda Abd. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bamboo is a nature plant found in Malaysia and is being used largely in a craft and furniture industry. It is a plant with a trunk, twigs and cross-sections that can naturally create the contemporary and unique design for block batik. The main objective of the research stands to study about the application of bamboo as a main component in producing the unique design for block batik. History has been revealed that block for batik motives are originated from the creation from wood by Haji Che Su in 1914. Then, the wood block has been replaced with coopper, steel and zink which are more practical and easily shaped. The transformation of the block takes a long time based on the current demand. Various efforts have been done both by the designer and researcher to produce the block for the batik with lower costs, eco-friendly and with unique design. More than that, the research is also to identify and evaluate the proper manufacturing process for bamboo to become as a block batik design as well as the copper and steel. As a result, the use of bamboo as a block for batik has a potential to replace the cooper and steel. The product produced using bamboo as a block for batik creates unique and contemporary batik design and it fulfil the customer demand along with the eco-friendly value.
Assessment of the State of Ichthyofauna from Danube River – Caleia Branch, Romania: A Sustainable Development Context
Authors: Danalache Tiberius-Marcel , Deák György , Holban Elena , Parlog Cosmin , Georgeta Nicolae Carmen , Matei Stelian , Cristea Mihai-Alexandru , Mohamed Noor Norazian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Evaluating the state of ichthyofauna at both the Lower Danube level and at the national level contains knowledge gaps regarding species dynamics, with the most complex studies regarding species composition being undertaken more than 50 years ago. Over time, the Danube River - an important navigation route that connects Western Europe with Asia - has suffered a series of anthropogenic interventions that led to river discharge regularization, interruptions of longitudinal/latitudinal connectivity and reductions in floodplain area. These anthropogenic activities may negatively impact suitable fish habitats leading to demographical effects. The Danube is regarded as a river with high species richness that provides a source of income for the local population by the practice of commercial fishing. The area of interest for this study was selected taking into account the fact that, in the last decade, it was subject to hydrotechnical works that aim to redistribute the river discharge to improve navigation conditions. The ichthyofauna population dynamics is analyzed using an 8 year-long dataset that includes baseline data before the project started and a monitoring period after the project ended. The results indicate the presence of 38 fish species (excluding anadromous fish species – sturgeons and shads). The identified fish species are classified in two categories: 1) species of commercial interest and 2) species of Community interest. This study provides evidence that the high mobility capacity of the fish species is the main factor affecting species dynamics as support of the national efforts in action to stop the degradation of aquatic habitats and biodiversity, in response to goal 15 “Life Earth” of the UN 2030 AGENDA for sustainable development.
Resurgence the Local Knowledge: Environmental Catalysis Practiced in Local Textile Dyeing
Authors: Syahida Mat Hussin Nurul , Rasdan Ismail Ahmad , Abdul Kadir Nawwal , Wahida Hasbullah Sarah , Hassan Hanisa , Jusoh Norfadzilah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The resurgence of local knowledge by using natural colourant in textile dyeing has gaining popularity due to the eco-friendly advantages and benefits. Textile dyeing process is keen as both art and science that has been practiced since human development. This paper aim to identify the process practiced in local textile dyeing with adaption of environmental catalysis. The methodology used in this study is reviewing the content by referring the previous study, text documentation and discussions. There are three (3) types of dyeing process identified in local textile production which are natural dyeing, naphthol dyeing and Remazol dyeing. The dyeing technology change with time and consumer demand by considering the economic purposes but neglecting the environment and vicinity safety. Therefore, the introduction towards environmental catalysis substances in the process of natural dyeing has led the eco-friendly chain process practices for local textile production, besides it is an initiative to create awareness and acknowledge about eco-friendly dyeing and local knowledge on textile dyeing process.
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Chemical Stabilised Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Crusher Run Mixture for Road Base Course Application
Authors: Poi Cheong Tan , Chee Ming Chan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to depletion of natural resources and rising awareness of environmental preservation, the road construction practitioners are always seeking alternative materials and technology to make the industry more sustainable in pavement construction. This paper examines the chemical stabilisation of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) materials and Crusher Run (CR) mixtures with a proprietary chemical binder as a potential way forward. The materials were mixed in ratios of 0, 25, 50, and 75% RAP replacement of CR, with the chemical stabiliser added in dosages between 2-4% per dry weight of the materials. Compacted and cured for 7 days as per requirements of the local authority, the samples were then subjected to the Unconfined Compression Test where the strength UCS (qu7) was recorded. Triple samples were tested for each case to ensure reliability of the results obtained. It was found that with RAP substitution, the UCS is inversely proportionate to ratio RAP used in the mixture, while UCS is directly proportional to dosage chemical added. Besides, It is technical viable to partially replace CR with RAP during chemical stabilization for road base course application.