bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritive and Sentient Soul in Aristotle’s Generation of Animals 2.5
Authors: Connell Sophia M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper argues that focusing on Aristotle’s theory of generation as primarily ‘hylomorphic’ can lead to difficulties. This is especially evident when interpreting the association between the male and sentient soul at GA 2.5. If the focus is on the male’s contribution as form and the female’s as matter, then soul becomes divided into nutritive from female and sentient from male which makes little sense in Aristotle’s biological ontology. In contrast, by seeing Aristotle’s theory as ‘archēkinētic’, a process initiated by the male, the development of nutritive and sentient capacities emerges as intertwined, neither capacity originating in only one sex.
Middle Permian (Roadian) gastropods from the Khao Khad Formation, Central Thailand: Implications for palaeogeography of the Indochina Terrane
Authors: KETWETSURIYA CHATCHALERM , KARAPUNAR BARAN , CHAROENTITIRAT THASINEE , NÜTZEL ALEXANDER 
Published: April 2020

A new Permian gastropod assemblage from the Roadian (Middle Permian) Khao Khad Formation, Saraburi Group (Lopburi Province, Central Thailand) which is part of the Indochina Terrane, has yielded one of the most diverse Permian gastropod faunas known from Thailand. A total of 44 gastropod species belonging to 30 genera are described herein, including thirteen new species and one new genus. The new genus is Altotomaria. The new species are Bellerophon erawanensis, Biarmeaspira mazaevi, Apachella thailandensis, Gosseletina microstriata, Worthenia humiligrada, Altotomaria reticulata, Yunnania inflata, Trachydomia suwanneeae, Trachyspira eleganta, Heterosubulites longusapertura, Platyzona gradata, Trypanocochlea lopburiensis and Streptacis? khaokhadensis. Most of the species in the studied assemblage represent vetigastropods (35.6%) and caenogastropods (26.7%) and most of the species belong to Late Palaeozoic cosmopolitan genera. The studied faunas come from shallow water carbonates that are rich in fusulinids, followed by gastropods, ostracods, bivalves and brachiopods. The gastropod assemblage from the Khao Khad Formation shares no species with the gastropod assemblages from other Permian formations in Thailand, the Tak Fa Limestone and the Ratburi Limestone. However, it is similar to the Late Permian gastropod faunas from South China of the Palaeo-Tethys, therefore it suggests that the Indochina Terrane was not located far from South China.
Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Thorsen Tyler J. , Ferrare Richard A. , Kato Seiji , Winker David M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBoth to reconcile the large range in satellite-based estimates of the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) and to optimize the design of future observing systems, this study builds a framework for assessing aerosol DRE uncertainty. Shortwave aerosol DRE radiative kernels (Jacobians) were derived using the MERRA-2 reanalysis data. These radiative kernels give the differential response of the aerosol DRE to perturbations in the aerosol extinction coefficient, aerosol single-scattering albedo, aerosol asymmetry factor, surface albedo, cloud fraction, and cloud optical depth. This comprehensive set of kernels provides a convenient way to consistently and accurately assess the aerosol DRE uncertainties that result from observational or model-based uncertainties. The aerosol DRE kernels were used to test the effect of simplifying the full vertical profile of aerosol scattering properties into column-integrated quantities. This analysis showed that, although the clear-sky aerosol DRE can be had fairly accurately, more significant errors occur for the all-sky DRE. The sensitivity in determining the broadband spectral dependencies of the aerosol scattering properties directly from a limited set of wavelengths was quantified. These spectral dependencies can be reasonably constrained using column-integrated aerosol scattering properties in the midvisible and near-infrared wavelengths. Separating the aerosol DRE and its kernels by scene type shows that accurate aerosol properties in the clear sky are the most crucial component of the global aerosol DRE. In cloudy skies, determining aerosol properties in the presence of optically thin cloud is more radiatively important than doing so when optically thick cloud is present.
Estimation of Initial Abstraction for Hydrological Modeling Based on Global Land Data Assimilation System–Simulated Datasets
Authors: Zheng Yanchen , Li Jianzhu , Dong Lixin , Rong Youtong , Kang Aiqing , Feng Ping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInitial abstraction (Ia) is a sensitive parameter in hydrological models, and its value directly determines the amount of runoff. Ia, which is influenced by many factors related to antecedent watershed condition (AWC), is difficult to estimate due to lack of observed data. In the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method, it is often assumed that Ia is 0.2 times the potential maximum retention S. Yet this assumption has frequently been questioned. In this paper, Ia/S and factors potentially influencing Ia were collected from rainfall–runoff events. Soil moisture and evaporation data were extracted from GLDAS-Noah datasets to represent AWC. Based on the driving factors of Ia, identified using the Pearson correlation coefficient and maximal information coefficient, artificial neural network (ANN)-estimated Ia was applied to simulate the selected flood events in the Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model. The results indicated that Ia/S varies over different events and different watersheds. Over 75% of the Ia/S values are less than 0.2 in the two study areas. The driving factors affecting Ia vary over different watersheds, and the antecedent precipitation index appears to be the most influential factor. Flood simulation by the HEC-HMS model using statistical Ia gives the best fitness, whereas applying ANN-estimated Ia outperforms the simulation with median Ia/S. For over 60% of the flood events, ANN-estimated Ia provided better fitness in flood peak and depth, with an average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 0.76 compared to 0.71 for median Ia/S. The proposed ANN-estimated Ia is physically based and can be applied without calibration, saving time in constructing hydrological models.
Manual acupuncture relieves microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK2 pathway
Authors: Zhu Ming-min , Lin Ji-huan , Qing Peng , Pu Liu , Chen Shu-lian , Lin Shu-jun , Li Cheng-lu , Cao Lu-xi , Zhang Yi-min 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of manual acupuncture (MA) on microglial polarization–mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI), focusing on the RhoA/Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK2) pathway. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used to generate a TBI model using Feeney’s freefall epidural impact method. MA was performed on half of the TBI model rats, while the others remained untreated. Acupuncture was administered at GV15, GV16, GV20, GV26, and LI4. At the end of the intervention, rat brain tissue samples were collected, and the microglial M1 polarization status was observed by immunofluorescence labeling of CD86, an M1 microglia-specific protein. RhoA/ROCK2 signaling components were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors. Results: Compared with normal rats, the CD86 expression density in the untreated TBI model rats was high and showed an aggregated expression pattern. The genes and proteins of the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway were highly expressed, and inflammatory factors were significantly increased. The CD86 expression density in TBI rats after MA was reduced compared to that in untreated TBI rats and showed a scattered distribution. The expression of RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway genes and proteins was also significantly reduced, and inflammatory factors were decreased. Conclusion: These results show that MA may inhibit M1 polarization of microglia by regulating the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, thereby reducing neuroinflammation in TBI.
Access to Home and Community Health Services for Older Adults With Serious, Life-Limiting Illness: A Study Protocol
Authors: Hill Jacob D. , Cuthel Allison M. , Grudzen Corita R. 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify contextual access factors to home and community health services for end-of-life support for older adults with serious life-limiting illness, as well as determine if access to home and community services is associated with health-care utilization. Design: This study includes an environmental scan, grey literature review, qualitative interviews, and health-care utilization analysis. This study is a subproject of the Grudzen et al. Primary Palliative Care for Emergency Medicine (PRIM-ER) study. Settings/Location: Analysis will include data collection from 17 health systems implementing the PRIM-ER intervention. Participants: For the qualitative interviews, one emergency medicine (EM) physician and one EM nurse will be interviewed from each of the 17 participating health systems. For the health-care utilization analysis, we will use the Senior Care Services Scale (SCSS), American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals (AHA-ASH), and Medicare claims for all emergency department (ED) visits for serious illness who present at each participating health system. Outcome Measures: The contextual analysis will obtain data on home and community services, such as hospice, home health services, assisted living, integrative medicine services, etc., available around each health system’s highest volume ED, federal and state regulations influencing access to services, as well as EM provider perspectives on access to services. The health-care utilization analysis will determine if SCSS scores, which measure service availability, are associated with health-care usage. High or low SCSS scores are determined by comparing health system service availability on the AHA-ASH to the national median SCSS value.
Error Correction of Restrictive Measures: Appeals Made by Young People in Care
Authors: Kalliomaa-Puha Laura , Pösö Tarja , Toivonen Virve-Maria 
Published: April 2020

The article examines appeals against restrictive measures in child protection submitted to and decided upon by administrative courts in Finland. Restrictive measures used in care restrict children’s and young people’s fundamental and human rights considerably, meaning ‘confinement in fractions’. Therefore, young people’s access to justice is an important issue in situations in which they consider an error to have been made. We study appeals as a form of legal safety and as a means of error correction. Although young people, 12 years of age and older, have the right to appeal, the appeal system is mainly used by parents to appeal against restriction of contact. As such, the appeal system poorly protects young people’s individual access to justice, if at all. As only administrative courts can overturn the decision to apply restrictive measures, the adult-centeredness of the system and young people’s access to justice should be critically assessed and rethought.
The Neglect of Left-Behind Children in China: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wen Yu-Jie , Hou Wen-Peng , Zheng Wei , Zhao Xi-Xi , Wang Xue-Qi , Bo Qi-Jing , Pao Christine , Tang Yi-Lang , Tan Tony , Li Xian-Bin , Wang Chuan-Yue 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate the neglect of left-behind children (LBC) in China. Method: Participants: Children separated from one or both parents for at least 6 months. Intervention: Trauma of separation. Comparison: Non-left-behind children (NLBC). Outcomes: Neglect rates and severity. Only case–control studies were included. Results: Thirteen studies were included; there were 18,688 LBC in a large sample ( N = 42,003) of children aged 0–18 years in China. The overall neglect rate was significantly higher in LBC compared to NLBC (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.50, 1.67], p < .01) based on the Chinese Rural Child Neglected Evaluation Model (CRCNEM) and the Parents–Child Conflict Tactics Scales ( OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.35, 1.54], p < .01). The overall neglect severity in LBC was also significantly higher than NLBC ( SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.28, 0.33], p < .01). The same trends were observed in sex subgroups. With regard to subtypes, LBC were significantly more likely to have emotional neglect ( OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.88, 2.78], p < .01), medical neglect ( OR = 1.79, 95% CI [1.62, 1.98], p < .01), physical neglect ( OR = 1.75, 95% CI [1.60, 1.91], p < .01), security neglect ( OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.32, 1.75], p < .01), educational neglect ( OR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.31, 1.72], p < .01), and social neglect ( OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.18, 1.51], p < .01). Furthermore, LBC had significantly higher severity in medical neglect ( SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.27, 0.35], p < .01), emotional neglect ( SMD = 0.28, 95% CI [0.24, 0.32], p < .01), physical neglect ( SMD = 0.24, 95% CI [0.18, 0.29], p < .01), security neglect ( SMD = 0.26, 95% CI [0.23, 0.29], p < .01), educational neglect ( SMD = 0.25, 95% CI [0.20, 0.31], p < .01), and social neglect ( SMD = 0.25, 95% CI [0.10, 0.40], p < .01). Conclusion: The neglect rates and severity in LBC in China were both significantly higher than those in NLBC. There was a strong association between neglect and LBC. Public policy changes are urgently needed to improve the dire situation and the well-being of the LBC.
Teduglutide for the treatment of adults with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome: pooled safety data from four clinical trials
Authors: Pape Ulrich-Frank , Iyer Kishore R. , Jeppesen Palle B. , Kunecki Marek , Pironi Loris , Schneider Stéphane M. , Seidner Douglas L. , Lee Hak-Myung , Caminis John 
Published: April 2020

Background: In multiple clinical studies, teduglutide reduced parenteral support (PS) with a consistent safety profile in adults with short bowel syndrome–associated intestinal failure (SBS–IF). The objective of this study was to assess adverse events (AEs) from a pooled data set. Methods: Safety data from four prospective clinical trials of teduglutide in patients with SBS–IF were assimilated. AEs were evaluated in patient groups based on treatment received in each study and in populations stratified to create distinct subgroups based on aetiology, bowel anatomy and baseline PS volume requirements. Results: Safety data are reported for up to 2.5 years, totalling 222 person-years exposure to teduglutide. In most patients, AEs were reported as mild or moderate in severity in all patient groups and occurred at comparable rates between patients who received teduglutide or placebo. Several common gastrointestinal AEs, including abdominal pain, nausea and abdominal distension, were reported more frequently earlier in the course of treatment, with their frequency declining over time. Fewer gastrointestinal AEs were reported in patients with vascular causes of SBS–IF and patients with most of their colon-in-continuity than in other patient subgroups. Across the patient stratification subgroups, the predominant treatment-emergent AEs for which patients receiving teduglutide had a significantly increased relative risk were abdominal distension and gastrointestinal stoma complication compared with patients receiving placebo. Conclusions: Teduglutide had a safety profile consistent with prior adult data and no new safety concerns were identified. The most frequently reported AEs were gastrointestinal in origin, consistent with the underlying disease condition and intestinotrophic actions of teduglutide. Clinical Trial Registry information: NCT00081458/EudraCT, 2004-000438-35; NCT00798967/EudraCT, 2008-006193-15; NCT00172185/EudraCT, 2004-000439-27; NCT00930644/EudraCT, 2009-011679-65
Urban–rural and socioeconomic status: Impact on multimorbidity prevalence in hospitalized patients
Authors: Robertson Lynn , Ayansina Dolapo , Johnston Marjorie , Marks Angharad , Black Corri 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe multimorbidity prevalence in hospitalized adults, by urban–rural area of residence and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Linked hospital episode data were used. Adults (≥18 years) admitted to hospital as an inpatient during 2014 in Grampian, Scotland, were included. Conditions were identified from admissions during the 5 years prior to the first admission in 2014. Multimorbidity was defined as ≥2 conditions and measured using Tonelli et al. based on International Classification of Diseases-10 coding (preselected list of 30 conditions). We used proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to summarize the prevalence of multimorbidity by age group, sex, urban–rural category and deprivation. The association between multimorbidity and patient characteristics was assessed using the χ 2 test. Results: Forty one thousand five hundred and forty-five patients were included (median age 62, 52.6% female). Overall, 27.4% (95% CI 27.0, 27.8) of patients were multimorbid. Multimorbidity prevalence was 28.8% (95% CI 28.1, 29.5) in large urban versus 22.0% (95% CI 20.9, 23.3) in remote rural areas and 28.7% (95% CI 27.2, 30.3) in the most deprived versus 26.0% (95% CI 25.2, 26.9) in the least deprived areas. This effect was consistent in all age groups, but not statistically significant in the age group 18–29 years. Multimorbidity increased with age but was similar for males and females. Conclusion: Given the scarcity of research into the effect of urban–rural area and SES on multimorbidity prevalence among hospitalized patients, these findings should inform future research into new models of care, including the consideration of urban–rural area and SES.
High-Volume and Privately Owned Ambulatory Surgical Centers Reduce Costs in Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Li Lambert T. , Chuck Carlin , Bokshan Steven L. , O’Donnell Ryan , Hsu Raymond Y. , Blankenhorn Brad D. , Owens Brett D. 
Published: April 2020

Background: While Achilles tendon repairs are common, little data exist characterizing the cost drivers of this surgery. Purpose: To examine cases of primary Achilles tendon repair, primary repair with graft, and secondary repair to find patient characteristics and surgical variables that significantly drive costs. Study Design: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 5955 repairs from 6 states were pulled from the 2014 State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Database under the Current Procedural Terminology codes 27650, 27652, and 27654. Cases were analyzed under univariate analysis to select the key variables driving cost. Variables deemed close to significance ( P < .10) were then examined under generalized linear models (GLMs) and evaluated for statistical significance ( P < .05). Results: The average cost was $14,951 for primary repair, $23,861 for primary repair with graft, and $20,115 for secondary repair ( P < .001). In the GLMs, high-volume ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) showed a cost savings of $16,987 and $2854 in both the primary with graft and secondary repair groups, respectively (both P < .001). However, for primary repairs, high-volume ASCs had $2264 more in costs than low-volume ASCs ( P < .001). In addition, privately owned ASCs showed cost savings compared with hospital-owned ASCs for both primary Achilles repair ($2450; P < .001) and primary repair with graft ($11,072; P = .019). Time in the operating room was also a significant cost, with each minute adding $36 of cost in primary repair and $31 in secondary repair (both P < .001). Conclusion: Private ASCs are associated with lower costs for patients undergoing primary Achilles repair, both with and without a graft. Patients undergoing the more complex secondary and primary with graft Achilles repairs had lower costs in facilities with greater caseload.
DeSignate: detecting signature characters in gene sequence alignments for taxon diagnoses
Authors: Hütter Thomas , Ganser Maximilian H , Kocher Manuel , Halkic Merima , Agatha Sabine , Augsten Nikolaus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Molecular characters have been added in integrative taxonomic approaches in recent years. Nevertheless, taxon diagnoses are still widely restricted to morphological characters. The inclusion of molecular characters into taxon diagnoses is not only hampered by problems, such as their definition and the designation of their positions in a reference alignment, but also by the technical effort.

Results
DeSignate is a tool for character-based taxon diagnoses that includes a novel ranking scheme. It detects and classifies individual and combined signature characters (diagnostic molecular characters) based on so-called character state vectors. An intuitive web application guides the user through the analysis process and provides the results at a glance. Further, formal definitions and a uniform terminology of characters are introduced.

Conclusions
DeSignate facilitates the inclusion of diagnostic molecular characters and their positions to complement taxon diagnoses. Compared to previous solutions, the tool simplifies the workflow and improves reproducibility and traceability of the results. The tool is freely available as a web application at (https://designate.dbresearch.uni-salzburg.at/) and is open source (https://github.com/DatabaseGroup/DeSignate/).
Genetic dissection of heat-responsive physiological traits to improve adaptation and increase yield potential in soft winter wheat
Authors: Pradhan Sumit , Babar Md Ali , Bai Guihua , Khan Jahangir , Shahi Dipendra , Avci Muhsin , Guo Jia , McBreen Jordan , Asseng Senthold , Gezan Salvador , Baik Byung-Kee , Blount Ann , Harrison Stephen , Sapkota Suraj , St. Amand Paul , Kunwar Sanju 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundClimate change, including higher temperatures (HT) has a detrimental impact on wheat productivity and modeling studies predict more frequent heat waves in the future. Wheat growth can be impaired by high daytime and nighttime temperature at any developmental stage, especially during the grain filling stage. Leaf chlorophyll content, leaf greenness, cell membrane thermostability, and canopy temperature have been proposed as candidate traits to improve crop adaptation and yield potential of wheat under HT. Nonetheless, a significant gap exists in knowledge of genetic backgrounds associated with these physiological traits. Identifying genetic loci associated with these traits can facilitate physiological breeding for increased yield potential under high temperature stress condition in wheat.ResultsWe conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a 236 elite soft wheat association mapping panel using 27,466 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The panel was phenotyped for three years in two locations where heat shock was common. GWAS identified 500 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) (p ≤ 9.99 × 10− 4). Ten MTAs with pleiotropic effects detected on chromosomes 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 6A, 7B, and 7D are potentially important targets for selection. Five MTAs associated with physiological traits had pleiotropic effects on grain yield and yield-related traits. Seventy-five MTAs were consistently expressed over several environments indicating stability and more than half of these stable MTAs were found in genes encoding different types of proteins associated with heat stress.ConclusionsWe identified 500 significant MTAs in soft winter wheat under HT stress. We found several stable loci across environments and pleiotropic markers controlling physiological and agronomic traits. After further validation, these MTAs can be used in marker-assisted selection and breeding to develop varieties with high stability for grain yield under high temperature.