bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neolignans and Norlignans from Insect Medicine Polyphaga plancyi and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Zhu Hong-Jie , Xu Te , Yan Yong-Ming , Tu Zheng-Chao , Cheng Yong-Xian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ten neolignans or norlignans (1–10) including eight new compounds were isolated from the whole bodies of Polyphaga plancyi Bolivar. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data. Compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 are racemates indicated by chiral HPLC analysis. Chiral separation followed by ECD calculations allowed to clarify the absolute configurations of all the antipodes. All the new compounds were evaluated for their biological properties toward extracellular matrix in rat renal proximal tubular cells, human cancer cells (K562, A549, and Huh7), EV71, ROCK2, JAK3, DDR1, and coagulation.

Graphic Abstract
Variability in Regional Ecological Vulnerability: A Case Study of Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Liu Yimeng , Yang Saini , Han Chuanliang , Ni Wei , Zhu Yuyao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRapid urbanization and natural hazards are posing threats to local ecological processes and ecosystem services worldwide. Using land use, socioeconomic, and natural hazards data, we conducted an assessment of the ecological vulnerability of prefectures in Sichuan Province for the years 2005, 2010, and 2015 to capture variations in its capacity to modulate in response to disturbances and to explore potential factors driving these variations. We selected five landscape metrics and two topological indicators for the proposed ecological vulnerability index (EVI), and constructed the EVI using a principal component analysis-based entropy method. A series of correlation analyses were subsequently performed to identify the factors driving variations in ecological vulnerability. The results show that: (1) for each of the study years, prefectures with high ecological vulnerability were located mainly in southern and eastern Sichuan, whereas prefectures in central and western Sichuan were of relatively low ecological vulnerability; (2) Sichuan’s ecological vulnerability increased significantly (p = 0.011) during 2005–2010; (3) anthropogenic activities were the main factors driving variations in ecological vulnerability. These findings provide a scientific basis for implementing ecological protection and restoration in Sichuan as well as guidelines for achieving integrated disaster risk reduction.
Unilateral and Bilateral Laryngeal Pacing for Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Powell Maria E. , Zealear David L. , Li Yike , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Von Wahlde Kate , Netterville James 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Present the state-of-the-art overview of laryngeal pacing for treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis. A minimally invasive unilateral pacing system and a fully implantable bilateral pacing system are currently in clinical trials. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed.

Recent Findings
Research in functional electrical stimulation for the reanimation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle has successfully translated from animal models to human clinical trials for unilateral pacing and bilateral pacing. Current findings suggest unilateral pacing in humans significantly improves ventilation but only marginally better than cordotomy. Bilateral pacing in canines increases glottal opening greater than 2-fold over unilateral pacing and restores exercise tolerance to normal.

Summary
Unilateral pacing can be considered a breathing assist device and may not be appropriate for active individuals. Bilateral pacing may be preferable for patients who wish to engage in strenuous exercise. Minimally invasive systems may be ideal for patients who prefer less invasive implantation and are not concerned with cosmesis. Fully implantable pacing systems offer greater electrode redundancy and stability, resulting in a system that is robust against electrode migration or damage.
Analysis of metal transfer and weld geometry in hot-wire GTAW with indirect resistive heating
Authors: Ungethüm T. , Spaniol E. , Hertel M. , Füssel U. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this publication, the different metal transfer modes of a hot-wire GTAW process with indirect resistive preheating of the wire are presented. The hot-wire GTAW process is characterized by an additional preheating unit that is used to heat the wire before it reaches the melt pool. Thus, to preheat the wire, the contact between the melt pool and the wire is not necessary. In order to examine the metal transfer of the wire, deposition welds are analysed using a high-speed camera with a laser light source as well as a data acquisition unit. The presented results comprise the impact analysis of the GTAW current, the hot-wire current, the wire feeding rate, the wire feeding angle as well as the wire feeding direction. The observed metal transfer modes can be characterized as either a constant melting bridge (cmb) between the wire and the melt pool or a recurring melting bridge (rmb). The analysis also reveals that the influence of the process parameters and thus the metal transfer mode on the bead properties is only marginal.
Underground Metro Drivers: Occupational Problems and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Samerei Seyed Alireza , Aghabayk Kayvan , Akbarzade Mohamad Hosein 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe performance of employees in a transport set is highly affected by their satisfaction and occupational problems. Underground metro drivers work in special conditions as compared with the drivers of suburban trains and urban tramways. Even though several studies have focused on the ergonomics of train drivers, there is a dearth of research on underground metro drivers. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the underground metro drivers’ occupational problems such as depression and level of satisfaction. The study was carried out on underground metro drivers in Tehran, Iran. The required data were collected through interviews, self-report tests and a depression scale. The classification and regression tree (CART) model was used to measure the relationship among depression, different conditions and other demographic characteristics. By using hierarchical clustering, metro drivers were divided into two categories with desirable and undesirable levels of satisfaction with regard to varying levels of satisfaction in different fields. By labelling them and reusing the CART model, the most important parameters affecting the satisfaction of drivers were extracted. The results indicated that more than half of metro drivers were depressed. The most important factors in the incidence of depression were: resentment of some psychological factors such as dissatisfaction with loneliness in the cabin, stress and fear of an incident, fatigue, dissatisfaction with the resting place, work experience more than 3.5 years, dissatisfaction with rights and the need for a second job. Also, the most important factor affecting satisfaction was the quality of the resting place.
Decreased Stroke Presentation Rates at a Comprehensive Stroke Center during COVID-19
Authors: Dowlatshahi Dar , Stotts Grant , Bourgoin Aline , Gocan Sophia , Dunn Laura , Powell Jodi , Silver Frank L. , Walker Greg , Yogendrakumar Vignan , Fahed Robert , Blacquiere Dylan , Shamy Michel 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT:We reviewed stroke care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic at our stroke center and provincial telestroke system. We counted referrals to our prevention clinic, code strokes, thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomies, and activations of a provincial telestroke system from February to April of 2017–2020. In April 2020, there was 28% reduction in prevention clinic referrals, 32% reduction in code strokes, and 26% reduction in telestroke activations compared to prior years. Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy rates remained constant. Fewer patients received stroke services across the spectrum from prevention, acute care to telestroke care in Ontario, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Horizontal and vertical distribution of cephalopod paralarvae in the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System
Authors: Castillo-Estrada Gabriela , De Silva-Dávila Roxana , Carrillo Laura , Vásquez-Yeomans Lourdes , Silva-Segundo Claudia A. , Avilés-Díaz Laura , Markaida Unai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHorizontal and vertical distribution of cephalopod paralarvae (PL) from the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) in the Western Caribbean was studied during two oceanographic cruises in 2006 and 2007. A total of 1034 PL belonging to 12 families, 22 genera, 24 species, 5 morphotypes and a species complex were identified. Abralia redfieldi, Onychoteuthis banksii and Ornithoteuthis antillarum were the most abundant taxa. The taxonomic identification from these three species was corroborated with DNA barcoding (99.8–100% of similarity). Paralarvae of Octopus insularis were reported for the first time in the wild. Most PL occupied the Caribbean Surface Water mass in the 0–25 m depth stratum. Largest paralarval abundances were related to local oceanographic features favouring retention such as the Honduras Gyre and Cozumel eddy. No day-night differences were found in PL abundance, although Abralia redfieldi showed evidence of diel vertical migration. Distribution of PL in epipelagic waters of the MBRS was probably related to ontogenetic migration, hydrographic features of meso and subscale, and to the circulation regimes dominated by the Yucatan Current. The MBRS represents an important dispersion area for PL, potentially connecting a species-rich Caribbean community with the Gulf of Mexico and Florida waters.
Orbitofrontal cortex volume links polygenic risk for smoking with tobacco use in healthy adolescents
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Bing , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L.W. , Quinlan Erin Burke , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Frouin Vincent , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean-Luc , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos Orfanos Dimitri , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter ,   IMAGEN Consortium, Jiang Tianzi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of preventable illness and death and is heritable with complex underpinnings. Converging evidence suggests a contribution of the polygenic risk for smoking to the use of tobacco and other substances. Yet, the underlying brain mechanisms between the genetic risk and tobacco smoking remain poorly understood.MethodsGenomic, neuroimaging, and self-report data were acquired from a large cohort of adolescents from the IMAGEN study (a European multicenter study). Polygenic risk scores (PGRS) for smoking were calculated based on a genome-wide association study meta-analysis conducted by the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium. We examined the interrelationships among the genetic risk for smoking initiation, brain structure, and the number of occasions of tobacco use.ResultsA higher smoking PGRS was significantly associated with both an increased number of occasions of tobacco use and smaller cortical volume of the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Furthermore, reduced cortical volume within this cluster correlated with greater tobacco use. A subsequent path analysis suggested that the cortical volume within this cluster partially mediated the association between the genetic risk for smoking and the number of occasions of tobacco use.ConclusionsOur data provide the first evidence for the involvement of the OFC in the relationship between smoking PGRS and tobacco use. Future studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco smoking should consider the mediation effect of the related neural structure.
From Evil Women to Dissolute Rulers: Changes in Gender Representation across the Zuozhuan, Guoyu, and Shiji
Authors: YANG LEI 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article examines gender representation in early Chinese histories with a focus on Shiji 史記 (Records of the Historian). Presenting beautiful and evil women, rather than male rulers, as responsible for political crises is a long-standing practice of Chinese historiography. Previous scholarship contends that this practice began with such depictions in Shiji and thus stems from its model impact upon subsequent histories. By scrutinising the interplay between the two genders within royal houses, this article extends the scope of previous scholarly examination from women to their husbands, i.e. the male rulers. Comparison of the causation chains of political disasters as built in Zuozhuan 左傳 (Zuo Commentary), Guoyu 國語 (Discourses of the States), and Shiji shows that Shiji diminishes women's agency, describing them as neither the original cause of political crises nor a tool to shield rulers from criticism. Unlike its predecessors, Shiji presents political catastrophes as ruler-dominant consequences resulting from their own unrestricted desires and cross-boundary misbehaviour, explaining the rise and decay in history.
ALGEBRAIC FIBER SPACES AND CURVATURE OF HIGHER DIRECT IMAGES
Authors: Berndtsson Bo , Păun Mihai , Wang Xu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLet$p:X\rightarrow Y$be an algebraic fiber space, and let$L$be a line bundle on$X$. In this article, we obtain a curvature formula for the higher direct images of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{X/Y}^{i}\otimes L$restricted to a suitable Zariski open subset of$X$. Our results are particularly meaningful if$L$is semi-negatively curved on$X$and strictly negative or trivial on smooth fibers of$p$. Several applications are obtained, including a new proof of a result by Viehweg–Zuo in the context of a canonically polarized family of maximal variation and its version for Calabi–Yau families. The main feature of our approach is that the general curvature formulas we obtain allow us to bypass the use of ramified covers – and the complications that are induced by them.
Committed Emissions of the U.S. Power Sector, 2000–2018
Authors: Shearer Christine , Tong Dan , Fofrich Robert , Davis Steven J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnnual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the U.S. power sector decreased 24% from 2000 to 2018, while carbon intensity (CO2 per unit of electricity generated) declined by 34%. These reductions have been attributed in part to a shift from coal to natural gas, as gas‐fired plants emit roughly half the CO2 emissions as coal plants. To date, no analysis has looked at the coal‐to‐gas shift from the perspective of commitment accounting—the cumulative future CO2 emissions expected from power infrastructure. We estimate that between 2000 and 2018, committed emissions in the U.S. power sector decreased 12% (six GtCO2), from 49 to 43 GtCO2, assuming average generator lifetimes and capacity factors. Taking into consideration methane leakage during the life cycle of coal and gas plants, this decrease in committed emissions is further offset (e.g., assuming a 3% leakage rate, there is effectively no reduction at all). Thus, although annual emissions have fallen, cumulative future emissions will not be substantially lower unless existing coal and gas plants operate at significantly lower rates than they have historically. Moreover, our estimates of committed emissions for U.S. coal and gas plants finds steep reductions in plant use and/or early retirements are already needed for the country to meet its targets under the Paris climate agreement—even if no new fossil capacity is added.
Seismicity and Stress Associated With a Fluid‐Driven Fracture: Estimating the Evolving Geometry
Authors: Vasco D. W. , Smith J. Torquil , Hoversten G. Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA coupled approach, combining the theory of rate‐ and state‐dependent friction and methods from poroelasticity, forms the basis for a quantitative relationship between displacements and fluid leak‐off from a growing fracture and changes in the rate of seismic events in the region surrounding the fracture. Poroelastic Green's functions link fracture aperture changes and fluid flow from the fracture to changes in the stress field and pore pressure in the adjacent formation. The theory of rate‐ and state‐dependent friction provides a connection between Coulomb stress changes and variations in the rate of seismic events. Numerical modeling indicates that the Coulomb stress changes can vary significantly between formations with differing properties. The relationship between the seismicity rate changes and the changes in the formation stresses and fluid pressure is nonlinear, but a transformation produces a quantity that is linearly related to the aperture changes and fluid leak‐off from the fracture. The methodology provides a means for mapping changes in seismicity into fracture aperture changes and to image an evolving fracture. An application to observed microseismicity associated with a hydrofracture reveals asymmetric fracture propagation within two main zones, with extended propagation in the upper zone. The time‐varying volume of the fracture agrees with the injected volume, given by the integration of rate changes at the injection well, providing validation of the estimated aperture changes.
To hunt or to rest: prey depletion induces a novel starvation survival strategy in bacterial predators
Authors: Sathyamoorthy Rajesh , Kushmaro Yuval , Rotem Or , Matan Ofra , Kadouri Daniel E , Huppert Amit , Jurkevitch Edouard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The small size of bacterial cells necessitates rapid adaption to sudden environmental changes. In Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, an obligate predator of bacteria common in oligotrophic environments, the non-replicative, highly motile attack phase (AP) cell must invade a prey to ensure replication. AP cells swim fast and respire at high rates, rapidly consuming their own contents. How the predator survives in the absence of prey is unknown. We show that starvation for prey significantly alters swimming patterns and causes exponential decay in prey-searching cells over hours, until population-wide swim-arrest. Swim-arrest is accompanied by changes in energy metabolism, enabling rapid swim-reactivation upon introduction of prey or nutrients, and a sweeping change in gene expression and gene regulation that largely differs from those of the paradigmatic stationary phase. Swim-arrest is costly as it imposes a fitness penalty in the form of delayed growth. We track the control of the swim arrest-reactivation process to cyclic-di-GMP (CdG) effectors, including two motility brakes. CRISPRi transcriptional inactivation, and in situ localization of the brakes to the cell pole, demonstrated their essential role for effective survival under prey-induced starvation. Thus, obligate predators evolved a unique CdG-controlled survival strategy, enabling them to sustain their uncommon lifestyle under fluctuating prey supply.
Dissecting the epigenomic dynamics of human fetal germ cell development at single-cell resolution
Authors: Li Li , Li Lin , Li Qingqing , Liu Xixi , Ma Xinyi , Yong Jun , Gao Shuai , Wu Xinglong , Wei Yuan , Wang Xiaoye , Wang Wei , Li Rong , Yan Jie , Zhu Xiaohui , Wen Lu , Qiao Jie , Yan Liying , Tang Fuchou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProper development of fetal germ cells (FGCs) is vital for the precise transmission of genetic and epigenetic information through generations. The transcriptional landscapes of human FGC development have been revealed; however, the epigenetic reprogramming process of FGCs remains elusive. Here, we profiled the genome-wide DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility of human FGCs at different phases as well as gonadal niche cells at single-cell resolution. First, we found that DNA methylation levels of FGCs changed in a temporal manner, whereas FGCs at different phases in the same embryo exhibited comparable DNA methylation levels and patterns. Second, we revealed the phase-specific chromatin accessibility signatures at the promoter regions of a large set of critical transcription factors and signaling pathway genes. We also identified potential distal regulatory elements including enhancers in FGCs. Third, compared with other hominid-specific retrotransposons, SVA_D might have a broad spectrum of binding capacity for transcription factors, including SOX15 and SOX17. Finally, using an in vitro culture system of human FGCs, we showed that the BMP signaling pathway promoted the cell proliferation of FGCs, and regulated the WNT signaling pathway by orchestrating the chromatin accessibility of its ligand genes. Our single-cell epigenomic atlas and functional assays provide valuable insights for understanding the strongly heterogeneous, unsynchronized, yet highly robust nature of human germ cell development.
Structural mechanism of phospholipids translocation by MlaFEDB complex
Authors: Chi Ximin , Fan Qiongxuan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liang Ke , Wan Li , Zhou Qiang , Li Yanyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Gram-negative bacteria, phospholipids are major components of the inner membrane and the inner leaflet of the outer membrane, playing an essential role in forming the unique dual-membrane barrier to exclude the entry of most antibiotics. Understanding the mechanisms of phospholipid translocation between the inner and outer membrane represents one of the major challenges surrounding bacterial phospholipid homeostasis. The conserved MlaFEDB complex in the inner membrane functions as an ABC transporter to drive the translocation of phospholipids between the inner membrane and the periplasmic protein MlaC. However, the mechanism of phospholipid translocation remains elusive. Here we determined three cryo-EM structures of MlaFEDB from Escherichia coli in its nucleotide-free and ATP-bound conformations, and performed extensive functional studies to verify and extend our findings from structural analyses. Our work reveals unique structural features of the entire MlaFEDB complex, six well-resolved phospholipids in three distinct cavities, and large-scale conformational changes upon ATP binding. Together, these findings define the cycle of structural rearrangement of MlaFEDB in action, and suggest that MlaFEDB uses an extrusion mechanism to extract and release phospholipids through the central translocation cavity.
Selectivity of mycoinsecticides and a pyrethroid to the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
Authors: Domingues Maurício Magalhães , Becchi Luciane Katarine , Velozo Simone Graziele Moio , de Souza Amanda Rodrigues , Barbosa Leonardo Rodrigues , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Serrão José Eduardo , Zanuncio José Cola , Wilcken Carlos Frederico 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlants of the genus Eucalyptus, cultivated in many countries, have great importance for the world economy. In Brazil, this culture occupies a total of 5.7 million hectares, but native and exotic insect pests can reduce its productivity. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), an exotic Australian pest, damages Eucalyptus plants. Biological control using the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Heteroptera predators and entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, have potential for managing T. peregrinus. Chemical insecticides, including bifenthrin and acetamiprid + bifenthrin, also control this insect. The compatibility of chemical and biological control methods favors integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of commercial products based on B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and the chemical bifenthrin on the parasitoid C. noackae and its parasitism on T. peregrinus eggs. The selectivity test followed the standards recommended by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Beauveria bassiana has selectivity to parasitism as well as viability, but was slightly harmful to C. noackae adults; M. anisopliae was innocuous to adults and to the viability of the offspring of this parasitoid, but it reduced the parasitism rate; and bifenthrin did not show selectivity to this parasitoid.