bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of cuticular waxes of faba bean to light wavelengths and selection of candidate genes for cuticular wax biosynthesis
Authors: Huang Lei , Xiao Qianlin , Zhao Xiao , Wang Dengke , Wei Liangliang , Li Xiaoting , Liu Yating , He Zhibin , Kang Lin , Guo Yanjun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCuticular waxes play important eco‐physiological roles in protecting plants against abiotic and biotic stresses and show high sensitivity to environmental changes. In order to clarify the responses of cuticular waxes on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves to different light wavelengths, the phenotypic plasticity of cuticular waxes was analyzed when plants were subjected to white, red, yellow, blue, and purple light. Leaf samples from yellow, purple, and white lights were further analyzed, and candidate genes of wax biosynthesis were selected by RNA‐seq technology and transcriptome processing. Yellow light increased the total wax coverage and changed the crystal structure compared with leaves under white light. Light wavelengths changed the relative abundance of dominant primary alcohol from C24 under white, yellow, and red lights to C26 under blue and purple lights. In total, 100,194 unigenes were obtained, and 10 genes were annotated in wax biosynthesis pathway, including VLCFAs elongation (KCS1, KCS4, LACS2 and LACS9), acyl reduction pathway (FAR3 and WSD1), and decarboxylation pathway (CER1, CER3 and MAH1). qRT‐PCR analysis revealed that yellow and purple lights significantly influenced the expression levels of these genes. Yellow light also increased the water loss rate and decreased the photosynthesis rate. Light at different wavelengths particularly yellow light induced the changes of phenotypic plasticity of cuticular waxes, which thus altered the leaf eco‐physiological functions. The expression levels of genes related to wax biosynthesis were also altered by different light wavelengths, suggesting that light at different wavelengths may also be applied in selecting candidate genes involved in wax biosynthesis in other crops.
Effects of soil–structure interaction on the design of tuned mass damper to control the seismic response of wind turbine towers with gravity base
Authors: Dai Kaoshan , Huang Hai , Lu Yang , Meng Jiayao , Mao Zhenxi , Camara Alfredo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of soil–structural interaction (SSI) on gravity‐based wind turbine towers equipped with tuned mass dampers (TMDs) subjected to earthquake loading. A small‐scale shaking table test of wind turbine towers with TMD was conducted, and the results showed that using TMD designed considering SSI resulted in larger vibration suppression. A simplified analytical numerical model was developed for SSI analysis considering TMD. The effect of soil site class and the earthquake intensity on the response reduction efficiency of the TMD was also discussed using the simplified model. It is concluded that the TMD efficiency depends not only on the soil stiffness but also on the characteristics of the applied ground motions, both of which are affected by the site classes and earthquake intensity levels. Moreover, the peak acceleration ratio (PAR), the root mean square acceleration ratio (RAR), the peak displacement ratio (PDR), and the root mean square displacement ratio (RDR) of the top of the wind turbine tower were obtained with and without TMD for different earthquake intensities and sites. These parameters can be used as references for the rational selection of TMD parameters considering SSI.
dnm1 deletion blocks mitochondrial fragmentation in Δfzo1 cells
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Hu Yinzhi , Wu Lin , Zhang Pan , Shang Jinjie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMitochondrial division and fusion play critical roles in maintaining functional mitochondria. Fzo1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase that played an essential role in mitochondrial fusion in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we report the characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of S. cerevisiae Fzo1p, Fzo1. Disruption of the fzo1 gene in S. pombe results in a fragmented mitochondrial morphology and a dramatically reduced growth on glycerol medium phenotype, indicating that deletion of fzo1 compromises respiratory function. Fluorescence microscopy shows that Fzo1p is located in the mitochondria. Overexpressing Fzo1 from a heterologous promoter induces mitochondrial aggregation. We also find that dnm1 mutations could both block mitochondrial fragmentation and rescue respiration growth defect in Δfzo1 single mutant cells. Our results proposed that a genetic interaction between fzo1 and a balance between division‐ and fusion‐controlled mitochondrial shape and function in S. pombe. This study represents the first report of Fzo1 mediator of mitochondrial fusion in S. pombe.
The complex role of genetic background in shaping the effects of spontaneous and induced mutations
Authors: Goldstein Ilan , Ehrenreich Ian M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpontaneous and induced mutations frequently show different phenotypic effects across genetically distinct individuals. It is generally appreciated that these background effects mainly result from genetic interactions between the mutations and segregating loci. However, the architectures and molecular bases of these genetic interactions are not well understood. Recent work in a number of model organisms has tried to advance knowledge of background effects both by using large‐scale screens to find mutations that exhibit this phenomenon and by identifying the specific loci that are involved. Here, we review this body of research, emphasizing in particular the insights it provides into both the prevalence of background effects across different mutations and the mechanisms that cause these background effects.
Designing a Research Infrastructure with Impact in Mind
Authors: Vignetti Silvia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Assessing the socio-economic impact of a Research Infrastructure (RI) requires an evaluation framework and a data collection plan that should be put in place as early as possible. This essay maintains the idea that if data collection for impact assessment is not episodic, motivated by external requests from stakeholders and funding agencies, but rather becomes a routine activity, it could maximize its potential to inform the RIs management and serve the strategic planning function of the infrastructure.
Designing a Socio-Economic Impact Framework for Research Infrastructures: Preliminary Lessons from the RI-PATHS Project
Authors: Reid Alasdair 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Horizon 2020 funded RI-PATHS project aims at providing policy makers, funders and Research Infrastructure (RI) managers the tools to assess the impact on the RI on the economy and their contribution to resolving societal challenges, etc. The goal is to improve the understanding of the long-term impact pathways of the various types of RIs operating in Europe, and, indeed, internationally. In the following we briefly summarise the work carried out by the RI-PATHS consortium partners to mid-2019 and derive useful lessons for future work.
The United Kingdom (UK)
Authors: Amelung Nina , Granja Rafaela , Machado Helena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The UK is the possessor of the world’s oldest and largest DNA database by proportion of population: the National Criminal Intelligence DNA Database, established in 1995. As a nation-state that holds one of the world’s largest DNA databases, the UK has been dealing systematically with the societal effects triggered by various ethical controversies. In terms of bordering practices, the UK serves as an example of an ambivalent mode of re- and debordering. This ambivalence derives from the UK’s changing position regarding the Prüm system. In 2014, the UK government, driven by the parliament, decided to opt out of the Prüm Decisions. In 2015, after a Prüm-style pilot project run with other EU Member States, the UK decided to opt in. This decision, nonetheless, included the imposition of limits on other EU countries’ access to the UK’s data. Consequently, the UK’s debordering practices co-exist with rebordering attempts aimed at restricting access to their own data.
Exploring the landscape of heterotic strings on Td
Authors: Font Anamaría , Fraiman Bernardo , Graña Mariana , Núñez Carmen A. , De Freitas Héctor Parra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCompactifications of the heterotic string onTdare the simplest, yet rich enough playgrounds to uncover swampland ideas: the U(1)d+16left-moving gauge symmetry gets enhanced at special points in moduli space only to certain groups. We state criteria, based on lattice embedding techniques, to establish whether a gauge group is realized or not. For genericd, we further show how to obtain the moduli that lead to a given gauge group by modifying the method of deleting nodes in the extended Dynkin diagram of the Narain lattice II1,17. More general algorithms to explore the moduli space are also developed. Ford= 1 and 2 we list all the maximally enhanced gauge groups, moduli, and other relevant information about the embedding in IId,d+16. In agreement with the duality between heterotic onT2and F-theory on K3, all possible gauge groups onT2match all possible ADE types of singular fibers of elliptic K3 surfaces. We also present a simple method to transform the moduli under the duality group, and we build the map that relates the charge lattices and moduli of the compactification of the E8× E8and Spin(32)/ℤ2heterotic theories.
Dimensional oxidization on coset space
Authors: Harada Koichi , Ho Pei-Ming , Matsuo Yutaka , Watanabe Akimi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the matrix model approaches of string/M theories, one starts from a generic symmetry gl(∞) to reproduce the space-time manifold. In this paper, we consider the generalization in which the space-time manifold emerges from a gauge symmetry algebra which is not necessarily gl(∞). We focus on the second nontrivial example after the toroidal compactification, the coset space G/H, and propose a specific infinite-dimensional symmetry which realizes the geometry. It consists of the gauge-algebra valued functions on the coset and Lorentzian generator pairs associated with the isometry. We show that the 0-dimensional gauge theory with the mass and Chern-Simons terms gives the gauge theory on the coset with scalar fields associated with H.
Radiation treatment of hemato-oncological patients in times of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oertel M. , Elsayad K. , Engenhart-Cabillic R. , Reinartz G. , Baues C. , Schmidberger H. , Vordermark D. , Marnitz S. , Lukas P. , Ruebe C. , Engert A. , Lenz G. , Eich H. T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The coronavirus pandemic is affecting global health systems, endangering daily patient care. Hemato-oncological patients are particularly vulnerable to infection, requiring decisive recommendations on treatment and triage. The aim of this survey amongst experts on radiation therapy (RT) for lymphoma and leukemia is to delineate typical clinical scenarios and to provide counsel for high-quality care.

Methods
A multi-item questionnaire containing multiple-choice and free-text questions was developed in a peer-reviewed process and sent to members of the radiation oncology panels of the German Hodgkin Study Group and the German Lymphoma Alliance. Answers were assessed online and analyzed centrally.

Results
Omission of RT was only considered in a minority of cases if alternative treatment options were available. Hypofractionated regimens and reduced dosages may be used for indolent lymphoma and fractures due to multiple myeloma. Overall, there was a tendency to shorten RT rather than to postpone or omit it. Even in case of critical resource shortage, panelists agreed to start emergency RT for typical indications (intracranial pressure, spinal compression, superior vena cava syndrome) within 24 h. Possible criteria to consider for patient triage are the availability of (systemic) options, the underlying disease dynamic, and the treatment rationale (curative/palliative).

Conclusion
RT for hemato-oncological patients receives high-priority and should be maintained even in later stages of the pandemic. Hypofractionation and shortened treatment schedules are feasible options for well-defined constellations, but have to be discussed in the clinical context.
Interventions to optimize prescribed medicines and reduce their misuse in chronic non-malignant pain: a systematic review
Authors: Alenezi Aziza , Yahyouche Asma , Paudyal Vibhu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeSub-optimal opioid prescribing and use is viewed as a major contributor to the growing opioid crisis. This study aims to systematically review the nature, process and outcomes of interventions to optimize prescribed medicines and reduce their misuse in chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) with a particular focus on minimizing misuse of opiates.MethodsA systematic review of literature was undertaken. Search of literature using Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL databases from 2000 onwards was conducted. Screening and selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessments were undertaken by two independent reviewers. Narrative synthesis of the data was conducted.ResultsA total of 21 studies were included in the review, of which three were RCTs. Interventions included clinical (e.g. urine drug testing, opioid treatment contract, pill count), behavioural (e.g. electrical diaries about craving), cognitive behavioural treatment and/or educational interventions for patients and healthcare providers delivered as a single or as a multi-component intervention. Medication optimization outcomes included aspects of misuse, abuse, aberrant drug behaviour, adherence and non-adherence. Although all evaluations showed improvement in medication optimization outcomes, multi-component interventions were more likely to consider and to have shown improvement in clinical outcomes such as pain intensity, quality of life, psychological states and functional improvement compared to single-component interventions.ConclusionsA well-structured CNMP management programme to promote medicines optimization should include multi-component interventions delivered by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals and target both healthcare professionals and patients. There was heterogeneity in definitions applied and interventions evaluated. There is a need for the development of clear and consistent terminology and measurement criteria to facilitate better comparisons of research evidence.
Ain’t going down without a fight: state-and environment-dependence of antipredator defensive aggressive personalities in Carpetan rock lizard
Authors: Horváth Gergely , Martín José , López Pilar , Herczeg Gábor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aggression is one of the most frequently studied behavioural traits across a wide range of taxa; however, most studies evaluate aggressive behaviour in a social context, in which aggressive interactions between conspecifics are motivated by resource control (offensive or social aggression). However, in an antipredator context, the primary role of aggression is defence (defensive or antipredator aggression). Although the neuroendocrinology of antipredator aggression is often studied in domesticated and laboratory animals, how environment and individual state affect this behavioural trait in the wild is largely unknown. Here, by conducting a manipulative experiment, we tested whether (i) consistent between-individual differences (i.e. animal personality) are present in antipredator aggression in adult male Carpetan rock lizards (Iberolacerta cyreni) and (ii) short-term environmental changes (presence vs. absence of predator cues) and differences in individual state (body length, head size, hind limb length) affect individual mean behaviour (i.e. behavioural type). We found moderate-high repeatability in antipredator aggression (willingness to bite a human), indicating the presence of animal personality in this behavioural trait. Lizards were on average more defensive in the presence of predator cues; furthermore, short-legged males showed higher antipredator aggression than long-legged males in the presence of predator cues, probably as an attempt to balance their decreased escape speed. Larger (~ older) males were more defensive than smaller ones, probably due to their increased fighting ability. We conclude that antipredator aggression is an important part of an individual’s behavioural repertoire and its expression is driven by both environmental situation and individual state.

Significance statement
Antipredator/defensive aggression is not the primary antipredatory response; however, when other ways of escape are not possible, actually hurting the predator could be the only way of survival. While this behaviour obviously has substantial effects on fitness, it is severely understudied compared to social/offensive aggression. In a manipulative experiment, we found that there are consistent between-individual differences in antipredator aggression (i.e. willingness to bite during handling) of adult male Carpetan rock lizards (Iberolacerta cyreni), supporting the presence of animal personality and suggesting that this behavioural trait might respond to natural selection. Furthermore, short-term environmental variation (i.e. presence vs. absence of predator cues) in interaction with individual state affected antipredator aggression of individuals, emphasising the ecological and evolutionary relevance of this behaviour.
Risk Score of Neck Hematoma: How to Select Patients for Ambulatory Thyroid Surgery?
Authors: Chereau Nathalie , Godiris‐Petit Gaelle , Noullet Severine , Di Maria Sophie , Tezenas du Montcel Sophie , Menegaux Fabrice 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of postoperative compressive hematoma is the major limitation for a wide development of ambulatory thyroidectomy (AT). The aim of this study was to establish a risk score of hematoma on the basis of preoperative criteria.MethodsAll patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2002 and 2017 were reviewed in a high‐volume endocrine surgery center. Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with hematoma was performed in lobectomy and total thyroidectomy (TT). We assigned the risk factors identified by multivariate analysis weighted points proportional to the regression coefficient values. A simple sum of all accumulated points for each patient calculated the total score.ResultsFor lobectomy [31 hematoma among 3912 patients (0.8%)], the weighted points of Vit K antagonist (VKA) were 3 (OR 9.86), and 1 in male gender (OR 2.4). For TT [162 hematoma among 13,903 patients (1.2%)], the weighted points of VKA were 4 (OR 12.18), 1 in male gender (OR 1.89), and 1 for diabetes (OR 1.86). Other factors weighted 0 in both groups. A total score >1 was linked to a risk of hematoma > 1.3% for lobectomy or TT. AT should not be proposed to any patient under VKA, and in case of TT, to male patients with diabetes. Prospectively, patients had AT from May 2018 to February 2020, 529 patients underwent ambulatory TL (483) or TT (46) and only one patient experienced neck hematoma.ConclusionWe established a simple and reproducible predictive score of early discharge for lobectomy and TT that could be useful for patients’ management.
CT venography correlate of transverse sinus stenosis and venous transstenotic pressure gradient in unilateral pulsatile tinnitus patients with sigmoid sinus wall anomalies
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Ding Heyu , Lv Han , Li Xiaoshuai , Qiu Xiaoyu , Zeng Rong , Wang Guopeng , Wei Jian , Jin Long , Yang Zhenghan , Gong Shusheng , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the correlation between transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) and transstenotic pressure gradient (TPG) in unilateral pulsatile tinnitus (PT) patients with sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWA).

Methods
Fifty-seven patients with unilateral venous PT were retrospectively included. All of them underwent CT venography and catheter manometry, accompanied with SSWA. The degree, length, shape (intrinsic/extrinsic/dysplasia), location (proximal/middle/distal, referring to the relative position of TSS and the Labbé vein junction) of TSS, the types of SSWA (dehiscence/diverticulum), and the degree of transverse sinus outflow laterality were assessed, and the correlations with ipsilesional TPG were analyzed.

Results
The mean value of ipsilesional TPG was 7.61 ± 0.52 mmHg. The degree and length of ipsilesional TSS were positively correlated with TPG (p < 0.001, p’ < 0.001), respectively. TPG was significantly larger in patients with contralateral transverse sinus dysplasia than those without (p = 0.023) and significantly smaller in patients with ipsilesional sigmoid sinus diverticulum than those with isolated dehiscence (p = 0.001). No statistical difference in TPG was shown between ipsilesional TSSs of different shapes or locations (p > 0.05). No correlation was noted between the degree of ipsilesional transverse sinus outflow laterality and TPG (p = 0.051). Stepwise linear regression indicated that the degree (β = 9.207, 95% CI = 3.558–14.856), length (β = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.025–0.220) of ipsilesional TSS, and contralateral transverse sinus dysplasia (β = 1.875, 95% CI = 0.220–3.530) were significantly correlated with TPG (R2 = 0.471).

Conclusions
The degree, length of ipsilesional TSS, and contralateral transverse sinus dysplasia may be used to predict TPG in unilateral PT patients with SSWA.

Key Points
• CT venography may act as a screening tool to help low-probability unilateral pulsatile tinnitus (PT) patients with sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWA) avoid invasive catheter manometry.
• The degree and length of ipsilesional transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) are positively correlated with transtenotic pressure gradient (TPG) in unilateral PT patients with SSWA.
• Ipsilesional TPG is larger in unilateral PT patients with contralateral transverse sinus dysplasia than those without and is smaller in unilateral PT patients with sigmoid sinus diverticulum than those with isolated dehiscence.
Die Dorfapp als Ersatz für die Dorfkneipe?
Authors: Sept Ariane 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungImmer mehr Dörfer nutzen sogenannte Dorfapps. Teilweise sollen diese verlorenen gegangene Treffpunkte und Kommunikationsorte wie Läden oder Kneipen ersetzen. Aber kann eine Dorfapp die Dorfkneipe ersetzen? Dazu werden im Artikel am Beispiel des Dorfes Dreis-Brück in Rheinland-Pfalz und seiner Dorfapp die unterschiedlichen Funktionen der Kneipe systematisiert und mit den Möglichkeiten der Dorfapp verglichen. Im Zentrum steht die Dorfkneipe als Informations- und Kommunikationsort, aber auch ihre Rolle als Treffpunkt, Ort der Entspannung, Ankunftsort sowie als Emotions- und Erinnerungsraum wird beleuchtet. Soll eine Dorfapp teilweise Funktionen von verloren gegangenen Kneipen übernehmen, kann eine systematische Betrachtung der Probleme, die mithilfe digitaler Tools gelöst werden sollen, im Kontext einer Systematisierung von analogen Raumeigenschaften hilfreich sein, um letztlich Verknüpfungen zwischen digitalen Angeboten und analogen Orten zu entwickeln. Der Artikel versteht sich als Beitrag zur raumbezogenen Auseinandersetzung mit gastronomischen Einrichtungen und zur Rolle von Digitalisierung in ländlichen Räumen.