bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extinguishing the smoldering combustion of sawdust
Authors: Попов Алексей Викторович , Казаков Алексей Васильевич , Бухтояров Дмитрий Викторович , Полтавец Денис Владимирович , Хатунцева Светлана Юрьевна 
Published: June 2020

Проанализированы теоретические и известные экспериментальные исследования по тлеющему горению опилок. Разработана методика определения характеристик очагов тлеющего горения. Экспериментально обоснован модельный очаг тлеющего горения. Показано изменение скорости тлеющего горения, массы опилок в зависимости от их дисперсности. Разработана лабораторная методика определения эффективности тушения различными огнетушащими веществами тлеющего горения опилок. Получены экспериментальные результаты по тушению опилок газовыми огнетушащими веществами (ГОТВ), тонкораспыленной водой, а также огнетушащим порошком.
The analysis of existing theoretical and experimental studies on smoldering combustion of sawdust is carried out. There are considered the types of smoldering combustion. Practically, there is observed the implementation of three types of smoldering combustion. The first type is the process of oil-carbon sludge smoldering in the final phase of wood burning. The second type is smoldering combustion in dispersed, layered or fibrous carbon-containing materials. The third type of smoldering combustion is typical for carbonaceous materials that do not contain volatile components such as activated carbon. The method for determining the characteristics of seats of smoldering combustion is developed. Wood sawdust of coniferous species of different fractions was used for research. Experimental seats were cylindrical containers with a wall thickness of 1 mm: d = 66 mm, h = 100 mm; d = 72 mm, h = 80 mm; d = 54 mm, h = 100 mm; d = 65 mm, h = 115; d = 100 mm, h = 40 mm; d = 85 mm, h = 85 mm; d = 100 mm, h = 125 mm (d - diameter, h - height of the seat). Smoldering combustion model seat is experimentally proved. Based on the tests performed, a model seat with the height of 85 mm and the diameter of 85 mm was selected for further research (the criterion for seat selecting was the optimal degree of sawdust burnout), in which thermocouples were placed, according to Fig.1. There were used sawdust fractions of less than 0,1 mm, 0,1-0,2 mm, 0,2-0,4 mm and 0,4-1 mm. Sawdust moisture content w = 5 %. Tests were conducted to determine the rate of sawdust smoldering combustion and the maximum temperature of smoldering combustion. There is shown the change both of smoldering combustion rate and the sawdust mass depending on its dispersion. A laboratory method for determining the extinguishing effectiveness of sawdust smoldering combustion with various fire extinguishing agents was developed. The seat was placed into the conventionally sealed chamber of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m at the distance of 0,5 m from the walls. The chamber has lines for supplying bulk fire extinguishing agents, as well as devices for supplying fire extinguishing powders. There are obtained experimental results for extinguishing sawdust with gas fire extinguishing agents, dispersed water as well as with fire extinguishing powder
Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Profitabilitas Perbankan Terbesar di Indonesia
Authors: Hidayati Tri , Yudowati Siska Priyandani 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi profitabilitas perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 43 perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jumlah perusahaan yang dijadikan sampel yaitu sebanyak tujuh perusahaan dengan periode pengamatan selama lima tahun yakni dari tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2018 dan diperoleh 35 total data sampel yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan metode nonprobability sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara simultan variabel Non Performing Loan, Loan Deposit Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio, dewan komisaris, dan direksi berpengaruh terhadap Return On Asset. Secara parsial variabel Non Performing Loan dan Loan Deposit Ratio berpengaruh negatif terhadap Return On Asset, variabel Capital Adequacy Ratio berpengaruh positif terhadap Return On Asset sedangkan dewan komisaris dan direksi tidak berpengaruh terhadap Return On Asset.
Analisis Potensi BUMDES Sebagai Sumber Pendapatan Desa di Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Propinsi Riau
Authors: Asnawi Mizan , Amrillah Muhammad Faisal 
Published: June 2020

BUMDes sebagai lembaga perekonomian di desa sangat berperan penting dalam mewujudkan pemerintah dan masyarakat desa yang mandiri dan sejahtera. BUMDes berbagai potensi ekonomi dan potensi lainnya bisa dimanfaatkan. Kabupaten Rokan Hulu sampai tahun 2018 ini telah memiliki 153 unit BUMDes. Penelitian BUMDes ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui berbagai potensi yang bisa dikembangkan melalui BUMDes untuk menghimpun sumber Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADes). Penelitian kualitatif lebih ditinjau dari perspektif subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini adalah potensi BUMDes di Kabupaten Rohul yang berjumlah 147 unit sedangkan BUMKel sebanyak 6 unit. Total keseluruhan sebanyak 153 unit. analisis data yang diperoleh dilapangan maka BUMDes di kabupaten Rohul memiliki kemampuan untuk menjadi sumber pendapatan desa. Hal tersebut terlihat dari aspek keuangan, usaha, laba dan sumbangan BUMDes terhadap PADes/APBDes. Hasil analisis terjadi kenaikan laba dari tahun 2017 sebesar Rp. 8.098.134.405 menjadi Rp. 9.213.158.907 pada tahun 2018. PADes yang disumbangkan dalam APBDes pada tahun 2018 sebesar Rp. 921.315.891.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Karyawan Keuangan pada Perusahaan Ritel Melalui OCB Sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Saputra Yogi , Fathurrahmi Lawita Nadia , Sandri Siti Hanifa 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh kedisiplinan kerja, kepuasan kerja, dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian keuangan dengan organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) sebagai variabel mediasi. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh perusahaan ritel di Pekanbaru. Sampel penelitian ini PT. Matahari Department Store Tbk, PT. Hero Supermarket Tbk, dan PT. Matahari Putra Prima Tbk dengan total responden yaitu 120. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan penyebaran kuesioner. Untuk analisis data menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan software SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedisiplinan kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap OCB. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap OCB. Stres kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap OCB. OCB berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian keuangan. Kedisiplinan kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian keuangan melalui OCB. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian keuangan melalui OCB, dan stres kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian keuangan melalui OCB
Pengaruh Inventory Turn Over, Returm on Assets dan Debt to Assets Ratio Terhadap Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di BEI Tahun 2013-2017
Authors: Misral Misral , Rahmayanti Sri , Sari Desi Anita 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of inventory turn over on tax avoidance on manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange; (2) the effect of return on assets on tax avoidance on manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange; (3) the effect of debt to assets ratio on tax avoidance on manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.The population used is manufacturing companies that have been and are still listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. The determination of the sample in this study used a purposive sampling method, until 66 company samples were obtained from a population of 121 companies. Based on data availability, the type of data used is secondary data in the form of financial statements of manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2013 - 2017.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Maydiyanti Siska , Putri Annie Mustika , Anriva Della Hilia 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan survei kuesioner. Metode statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil pengujian hipotesis adalah penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintah, penerapan sistem akuntansi keuangan daerah, dan penerapan sistem pengendalian intern pemerintah mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Sedangkan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah.
KNOWLWEDGE OF TAXATION AND FISCUS SERVICE ON TAXPAYERS COMPLIANCE
Authors: Pratiwi Putri Kartika , Meita Chandra Devi  , Dodi Tisna Amijaya  
Published: June 2020

Achievement of Indonesia's tax income is faced with various obstacles so that it has not been able to meet the desired target. Compliance of taxpayers is an important factor for sources of state income to reach the state budget. The purpose this research is to determine wether there is a significant influence on knowledge of taxation and fiscus service against taxpayer compliance. This research uses a descriptive survey method involving 100 respondents of taxpayers through a questionnaire at Bandung tax office. The measured variable data included knowledge of taxation and fiscus services and continued by using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study prove that the level of knowledge of taxation and fiscus services affect partially tax compliance by 3.5% and fiscus services by 57.2%. Simultaneous is influenced by knowledge of taxation and fiscus services by 60.7% and by 39.3% influenced by other factors.
MULTIPLE REGRESSION : DETEMINANT ON PROFITABILITY AT ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Tisna Amijaya Dodi , Siti Komariah  
Published: June 2020

The Islamic financial system is potential to be a locomotive of the national economy and be able to overcome gaps. One of them is Islamic banking which is increasingly developing in Indonesia. The development of Islamic banking is expected to increase economic growth. For this reason, Islamic banking is needed which has a healthy financial performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of NPF, CAR, and FDR on Profitability at Islamic Commercial Banks. The data used in this study were obtained from Islamic commercial bank financial statements which are recorded in the OJK for 2015-2018. The population in this study is 14 Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia, and using the purposive sampling method, there are 12 bank samples which will be examined. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression models. The results showed that NPF, CAR and FDR had a significant effect on profitability.
Testing Earthlike Atmospheric Evolution on Exo-Earths through Oxygen Absorption: Required Sample Sizes and the Advantage of Age-based Target Selection
Authors: Bixel Alex , Apai Dániel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Life has had a dramatic impact on the composition of Earth’s atmosphere over time, which suggests that statistical studies of other inhabited planets’ atmospheres could reveal how they coevolve with life. While many evolutionary pathways are possible for inhabited worlds, a possible starting hypothesis is that most of them evolve similarly to Earth, which we propose could lead to a positive “age–oxygen correlation” between the ages of inhabited planets and the fraction which have oxygen-rich atmospheres. We demonstrate that next-generation space observatories currently under consideration could test this hypothesis, but only if the stellar age distribution of the target sample is carefully considered. We explore three possible parameterizations of the age–oxygen correlation, finding that they yield similar results. Finally, we examine how abiotic oxygen sources could affect the results, and discuss how measuring the age dependence of oxygen could shed light on whether it is a reliable biosignature. Future efforts can expand upon this groundwork by incorporating detailed models of the redox balance of terrestrial planets and its dependence on stellar and planetary properties.
Global Hydromagnetic Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks with Stellar Irradiation and Simplified Thermochemistry
Authors: Gressel Oliver , Ramsey Jon P. , Brinch Christian , Nelson Richard P. , Turner Neal J. , Bruderer Simon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Outflows driven by large-scale magnetic fields likely play an important role in the evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary disks and in setting the conditions for planet formation. We extend our 2D-axisymmetric nonideal MHD model of these outflows by incorporating radiative transfer and simplified thermochemistry, with the dual aims of exploring how heating influences wind launching and illustrating how such models can be tested through observations of diagnostic spectral lines. Our model disks launch magnetocentrifugal outflows primarily through magnetic tension forces, so the mass-loss rate increases only moderately when thermochemical effects are switched on. For typical field strengths, thermochemical and irradiation heating are more important than magnetic dissipation. We furthermore find that the entrained vertical magnetic flux diffuses out of the disk on secular timescales as a result of nonideal MHD. Through postprocessing line radiative transfer, we demonstrate that spectral line intensities and moment-1 maps of atomic oxygen, the HCN molecule, and other species show potentially observable differences between a model with a magnetically driven outflow and one with a weaker, photoevaporative outflow. In particular, the line shapes and velocity asymmetries in the moment-1 maps could enable the identification of outflows emanating from the disk surface.
Outburst and Splitting of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov
Authors: Jewitt David , Kim Yoonyoung , Mutchler Max , Weaver Harold , Agarwal Jessica , Hui Man-To 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of a photometric outburst and splitting event in interstellar comet 2I/Borisov. The outburst, first reported with the comet outbound at ∼2.8 au, was caused by the expulsion of solid particles having a combined cross section ∼100 km2 and a mass in 0.1 mm sized particles ∼2 × 107 kg. The latter corresponds to ∼10−4 of the mass of the nucleus, taken as a sphere of radius 500 m. A transient “double nucleus” was observed on UT 2020 March 30 (about 3 weeks after the outburst), having a cross section ∼0.6 km2 and corresponding dust mass ∼105 kg. The secondary was absent in images taken on and before March 28 and in images taken on and after April 3. The unexpectedly delayed appearance and rapid disappearance of the secondary are consistent with an origin through rotational bursting of one or more large (meter-sized) boulders under the action of outgassing torques, following their ejection from the main nucleus. Overall, our observations reveal that the outburst and splitting of the nucleus are minor events involving a negligible fraction of the total mass: 2I/Borisov will survive its passage through the planetary region largely unscathed.
Variability in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Gravitationally Unstable Tidal Tails
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Nixon C. J. , Barnes Jennifer , Metzger Brian D. , Margutti R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to result from the merger of two neutron stars (NSs) or an NS and a stellar mass black hole (BH). The final stages of the merger are generally accompanied by the production of one or more tidal “tails” of ejecta, which fall back onto the remnant-disk system at late times. Using the results of a linear stability analysis, we show that if the material comprising these tails is modeled as adiabatic and the effective adiabatic index satisfies γ ≥ 5/3, then the tails are gravitationally unstable and collapse to form small-scale knots. We analytically estimate the properties of these knots, including their spacing along the tidal tail, the total number produced, and their effect on the mass return rate to the merger remnant. We perform hydrodynamical simulations of the disruption of a polytropic (with the polytropic and adiabatic indices γ equal), γ = 2 NS, by a BH and find agreement between the predictions of the linear stability analysis and the distribution of knots that collapse out of the instability. The return of these knots to the BH induces variability in the fallback rate, which can manifest as variability in the light curve of the GRB and—depending on how rapidly the instability operates—the prompt emission. The late-time variability induced by the return of these knots is also consistent with the extended emission observed in some GRBs.
Fast Generation of Large-scale Structure Density Maps via Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Curtis O. , Brainerd T. G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a recent advancement in unsupervised machine learning. They are a cat-and-mouse game between two neural networks: (1) a discriminator network which learns to validate whether a sample is real or fake compared to a training set and (2) a generator network which learns to generate data that appear to belong to the training set. Both networks learn from each other until training is complete and the generator network is able to produce samples that are indistinguishable from the training set. We find that GANs are well-suited for fast generation of novel 3D density maps that are indistinguishable from those obtained from N-body simulations. In a matter of seconds, a fully trained GAN can generate thousands of density maps at different epochs in the history of the universe. These GAN-generated maps can then be used to study the evolution of large-scale structure over time.
Nanoflare Theory and Stochastic Reconnection
Authors: Jafari Amir , Vishniac Ethan T. , Xu Siyao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Local magnetic reversals are an inseparable part of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence whose collective outcome may lead to a global reconnection with a rate independent of the small scale physics—stochastic reconnection. We show that this picture is related to the nanoflare theory, which is one of the most plausible models to solve the coronal heating problem. The magnetic field follows the turbulent flow in a statistical sense by means of stochastic flux freezing. Hence the turbulence, which bends and stretches the initially smooth field, will tend to increase the field’s spatial complexity. Strong magnetic shears associated with such a highly tangled field can trigger local reversals and field annihilations on a wide range of inertial scales, which convert magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal energy respectively. The former enhances the turbulence while the latter enhances heat generation on any inertial scale. These theoretical predictions are supported by scaling laws and simulations.
A novel view of the problem of Osteoarthritis in experimental rat model
Authors: Palikov Viktor A. , Palikova Yuliya A. , Borozdina Natalya A. , Nesmeyanova Elena N. , Rudenko Pavel A. , Kazakov Vitalij A. , Kalabina Elena A. , Bukatin Mihail V. , Zharmukhamedova Tatyana Yu. , Khokhlova Oksana N. , Dyachenko Igor A. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The article presents the results of the functional tests to improve the assessment of MIA-induced osteo­arthritis development and the effectiveness of NSAID therapy.
Materials and methods: In the study, 26 male SD rats were used. MIA-induced osteoarthritis was simulated in the right knee joint. After an intra-articular injection of MIA, the animals were treated with ibuprofen and meloxicam. Pain assessment was studied in the following functional tests: incapacitance (hind limb weight bearing) test, von Frey test (mechanical allodynia), grip strength test, and knee diameter measurement. At the end of the study, a histological analysis of the knee joint was performed.
Results and discussion: An intra-articular MIA injection reduced 1.5 times the paw withdrawal threshold. In the rats that suffered MIA-induced osteoarthritis, the difference between the diameters of the intact and injected joints was 1.05 mm, compared to 0.03 mm difference in the control group. Hind limb weight bearing asymmetry was 89.5% when simulating MIA-induced osteoarthritis. The muscular hind limb grip strength in rats with MIA-induced osteoarthritis was significantly reduced on 3rd and 7th days after simulating osteoarthritis. Ibuprofen and meloxicam showed signif­icant efficacy in all the above tests, although ibuprofen effectiveness was more pronounced than that of meloxicam.
Conclusion: The following functional tests were identified as the most significant and sufficient to assess the devel­opment of MIA-induced osteoarthritis and analgesic efficacy of NSAIDs: incapacitance test, allodynia test (von Frey filaments), measurement of hind limb grip strength and measurement of the diameter of the inflamed knee joint. The histological analysis made it possible to confirm the correspondence of the physiological response and pathological changes in the knee joint.
Accords d’entreprise et protection des droits des télétravailleurs
Authors: Diard Caroline 
Published: June 2020

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la mise en œuvre des droits des télétravailleurs à travers l’étude de l’application de plusieurs accords d’entreprise. Favorisé par l’essor des nouvelles technologies, le télétravail permet de développer le nomadisme et cela questionne sur la porosité de la frontière vie professionnelle/vie privée. Les Anglo-Saxons évoquent le « Bring Your Own Device », qui contribue à l’effacement progressif de ces frontières. La possibilité d’être connecté en permanence conduit à une situation de connexion subie et l’absence de régulation entre les sphères privées et professionnelles présente des risques pour la santé des salariés. Il appartient alors à l’organisation d’anticiper la perméabilité des frontières. Bien que la loi de ratification (n° 2018-217 du 29 mars 2018), en consacrant le télétravail n’exige plus la signature d’un accord, il est légitime de se demander quels avantages apportent les accords existants à l’organisation. Comment les accords d’entreprise relatifs au télétravail, mettent-ils en œuvre les droits des télétravailleurs et en particulier la préservation de leur vie privée ? Une étude qualitative menée auprès de cinq entreprises ayant signé un accord relatif au télétravail, avant la réforme, permet de comprendre la mise en œuvre de ces droits et révèle l’importance du droit à la déconnexion.
L’évolution du management, vecteur d’orientation des changements de l’environnement : étude du secteur agroalimentaire en Tunisie
Authors: Ghannouchi Ahlem 
Published: June 2020

L’évolution des pratiques managériales, bien qu’ayant souvent un objectif d’adaptation, traduit aussi une volonté de mener des actions d’impulsion dans l’environnement aboutissant à sa transformation. Se référant au modèle PEST pour l’étude de l’environnement et se basant sur la méthode PLS ( Partial Least Square ) pour l’analyse des données, cette recherche se donne pour ambition de déterminer le facteur d’évolution du management qui contribue le plus à l’orientation des changements de l’environnement. Les résultats de l’enquête, menée auprès de 91 entreprises du secteur agroalimentaire en Tunisie, montrent que ce sont principalement les « réponses » du management aux évolutions du marché qui peuvent provoquer des changements dans l’environnement.