bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal Effects of Sex Hormones on Click-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions: A Study of Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Burke Sarah M. , van Heesewijk Jason O. , Menks Willeke M. , Klink Daniel T. , Kreukels Baudewijntje P. C. , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T. , Bakker Julie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClick-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) are echo-like sounds, generated by the inner ear in response to click-stimuli. A sex difference in emission strength is observed in neonates and adults, with weaker CEOAE amplitudes in males. These differences are assumed to originate from testosterone influences during prenatal male sexual differentiation and to remain stable throughout life. However, recent studies suggested activational, postnatal effects of sex hormones on CEOAEs. Adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria (GD) may receive gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) in order to suppress endogenous sex hormones and, therefore, pubertal maturation, followed by cross-sex hormone (CSH) treatment. Using a cross-sectional design, we examined whether hormonal interventions in adolescents diagnosed with GD (62 trans boys, assigned female at birth, self-identifying as male; 43 trans girls, assigned male at birth, self-identifying as female), affected their CEOAEs compared to age- and sex-matched controls (44 boys, 37 girls). Sex-typical differences in CEOAE amplitude were observed among cisgender controls and treatment-naïve trans boys but not in other groups with GD. Treatment-naïve trans girls tended to have more female-typical CEOAEs, suggesting hypomasculinized early sexual differentiation, in support of a prominent hypothesis on the etiology of GD. In line with the predicted suppressive effects of androgens, trans boys receiving CSH treatment, i.e., testosterone plus GnRHa, showed significantly weaker right-ear CEOAEs compared with control girls. A similar trend was seen in trans boys treated with GnRHa only. Unexpectedly, trans girls showed CEOAE masculinization with addition of estradiol. Our findings show that CEOAEs may not be used as an unequivocal measure of prenatal androgen exposure as they can be modulated postnatally by sex hormones, in the form of hormonal treatment.
The High Potential for Waste Heat Recovery in Hybrid Vehicles: A Comparison Between the Potential in Conventional and Hybrid Powertrains
Authors: Kober Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn future mobility, the mix of different drive trains will probably be much more diverse than it is today. According to a large number of scenario analyses, a predominant number of vehicles will continue to be based on the internal combustion engine (ICE), while an increasing number of hybrid vehicles are expected. To achieve the required reductions in CO2 emissions it is necessary to investigate all potential technologies for efficiency improvement. Therefore in this work the potential of waste heat recovery is examined for conventional and hybrid vehicles. Due to the fact that in an internal combustion engine approximately 2/3 of the fuel's chemical energy dissipates as waste heat, the potential for the recovery of this energy in all ICE driven powertrains is, in principle, high. The results of this work show that in hybrid vehicles the highest share of the energy supplied by the fuel is lost in the exhaust gas. In order to further elaborate this result, we conduct an exemplary examination of two comparable vehicles of the compact class within the worldwide harmonized light duty test cycle. Measurement data from the two vehicles at the roller dynamometer is used. The result shows that the averaged exhaust gas heat flow of the conventional vehicle is 5.0 kW. For the hybrid vehicle, driving in the charge sustaining mode, the averaged exhaust gas heat flow results in 8.1 kW. The comparison shows that the temperature level of this exhaust gas is even higher than that of the conventional vehicle. In addition, this work shows that through the higher temperatures, the exergy in the exhaust gas is higher in hybrid vehicles even if the combustion engine works with a higher efficiency. In the exemplary comparison the averaged exergy of the exhaust gas is 3.2 kW for the conventional and 5.7 kW for the hybrid vehicle. As a result of this work, the high potential for waste heat recovery in hybrid vehicles could be demonstrated.
Conservatives Are Happier than Liberals: the Mediating Role of Perceived Goal Progress and Flow Experience — a Pilot Study
Authors: Briki Walid , Dagot Lionel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAuthors presume that conservatives would be happier than liberals because they would develop better mental adjustment especially under contextual threat. The present study aimed at examining whether self-regulatory factors (i.e., dispositional self-control, perception of goal progress, dispositional flow, and dispositional neurotic self-attentiveness) could mediate the link between conservatism and subjective well-being (SWB). It also aimed at testing the view that contextual threat (operationalized through undesired unemployment) may moderate the relationship between conservatism and the mediators under study. In order to examine this, 418 North-American participants from the United States (66.7% females and 33.3% males; Mage = 33.63, SDage = 11.64) answered questionnaires via an online platform, and structural equation model or path analyses were conducted. Main results revealed that: (a) conservatism positively predicted SWB, whereas undesired unemployment negatively predicted SWB; (b) perception of goal progress and dispositional flow fully mediated the conservative-SWB gap; and (c) dispositional self-control was highest in conservatives under contextual threat of undesired unemployment. Finally, this study suggests that conservatives can experience higher SWB because of adaptive cognitive adjustments. Moreover, this study suggests that the rationalization of inequality can have a self-enhancement function that bolsters self-regulation process when exposed to threatening contexts.
The Paleobeach Ridges of Digha Coastal Tract, West Bengal, India: Observation and Implication for Sea Regression from 500 YBP to 200 YBP
Authors: Dalabehera Linashree , Hazra Antara , Pattanayak Sagarika , Pal Tapan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Paleobeach ridges in and around the Digha coast, West Bengal, India give significant information about the sea regression in eastern Indian coast during Holocene. Beach ridges paralleling the Bay of Bengal coast in West Bengal and a few remnants beach ridges further landward in Kanthi (West Bengal) and Jaleswarpur (Odisha), give a tentative boundary of the north eastern most palaeo-shoreline. From optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates of the Paleobeach ridges, it is suggested that around 500 YBP, the sea was near Kanthi and around 378 YBP the sea was near Jaleswarpur (35 km inland). After that, the sea sequentially regressed in phases towards south and attained the present position at Digha. The Photogeology & Remote Sensing (PGRS) Study of different satellite imageries (2006 onwards) along with the Survey of India Toposheets (1930, 1972) of Digha area indicates that the coast line to be steadily regressed in the east of Digha, whereas, it shows fluctuation in the west of it. This fluctuation of strand line position may be due to the differential sediment influx through the Subarnarekha river mouth with time. Regional neotectonic activities also play a role in shaping the coast. The concave orientation of the beach ridge plains to the present shoreline reflects the supply of sediments in the direction of palaeolongshore currents. The shape of the inner beaches shows that the deposition prograded north-west wards. Major type of cross-beddings present in the Paleobeach ridges represented by low angle laminated sand, indicates the wide seaward dipping part of longshore bars. The grain size analysis of the sediment samples of the beach ridges indicate positively skewed and mesokurtic. The mean size of resultant sediments is finer, indicating that the energy level or turbulence of the eroding processes was incapable of transporting sediments coarser than the mean size of the source sediments.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Lake Surface Sediments Using Trace Elements: A Case Study, the Wular Lake
Authors: Shah Rayees Ahmad , Achyuthan Hema , Lone Aasif Mohmad , Lone Suhail Ahmad , Malik M. Subzar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Surface sediments were collected from Wular Lake, located in Bandipora district of Kashmir Valley, NW Himalaya to investigate the environmental risk assessment using trace element concentrations. The surface sediments of the lake reveal higher concentration of Cl, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn and Th. In order to estimate the impact of metal pollution on the sediments, the trace element data was quantified for enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF). The average values for Igeo reveal moderate to strong contamination of Ni, Cu, while Cr and Co exhibit moderate to strong contamination in the central part of the lake. EF reveals minor enrichment of Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Zn in the lake surface sediments. PLI indicate moderate pollution from all the sampling sites. Spatial distribution of the metal in the lake reveals their transport through the sewage from the urbanized areas and the Jhelum river. Since metal pollution in the lake is still at nascent stage, it demands attention of the local authorities and the Lake Conservation Department to take remedial measures for the protection of this freshwater body from further contamination.
Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes Using Water Quality Index in Semi Arid Region of India
Authors: Kumari Munesh , Rai S. C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is an important natural resource serving as a reliable source for drinking as well irrigation purposes worldwide. This study was aimed to evaluate the hydrochemistry of groundwater in southern Haryana. An assessment of measured physico-chemical parameters of 64 samples sites have shown that groundwater is contaminated by higher concentrations of HCO3, Na, Mg, and SO4 beyond the permissible limit of BIS standards. Water quality index (WQI) result indicates that 45.31% area has poor and very poor quality of water for drinking purposes. Irrigation groundwater suitability for the study area has been evaluated with various methods such as EC, SAR, RSC, SP, KR, MH, PI, Piper-trilinear diagram and USSL diagram. Among these parameters, SAR, RSC and PI, water samples fall in excellent and safe water quality, while SP, KR and MH imply to unsuitable and unsafe for irrigation. Piper diagram indicates that the water chemistry is dominated by Sodium and Potassium (Na+K) type, followed by mixed type. According to the USSL classification more than 85% of the samples fall under C3S1, C3S2, C4S1, C4S2 classes of irrigation water indicating very high salinity which is alarming considering the use of this water for irrigation.
Morphometric Analysis of Ghaghara River Basin, India, Using SRTM Data and GIS
Authors: Singh Ajay Pratap , Arya Ajay Kumar , Singh Dhruv Sen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Morphometric analysis in the recent few years has derived attention in terms of its applicability in different aspects of geological and environmental perspectives. It provides an insight into the process driven changes such as drainage basin assessment, runoff, infiltration, basin evolution, natural and tectonic framework etc. The study of the Ghaghara River fluvial dynamics in a gentle sloping region and alluvial terrain has not been put forward in a broad perspective as compared to hilly or hard rock terrains and needs to be addressed effectively. In the present paper, the morphometric analysis of the Ghaghara River has been carried out to delineate various surface processes that carve the basin into fluvial terrain. The basin delineation has been done using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data using Arc GIS 10.3. The study shows stream varying from one to six (I-1844, II- 807, III-200, IV- 49, V-23 and VI-1) orders. The mean bifurcation ratio indicates that the basin is geologically and structurally controlled in flat regions. The low stream frequency value 0-5km−2, explains that the basin under study is highly permeable. The length of overland flow (&gt;0.7) is indicative of sheet erosion rather than channel erosion, while the drainage texture points towards the coarse texture. The morphometric analysis and observations from the measured parameters indicate an asymmetrical and elongated basin with neo-tectonic activities. Therefore, multi-fold interpretations are generated on the basis of the morphometric analysis of the Ghaghara river basin which may be useful in providing information relevant to societal interests.
Evaluation of the effect of a&nbsp;new clinical reasoning curriculum in a&nbsp;pre-clerkship clinical skills course
Authors: Kelekar Arati , Afonso Nelia 
Published: February 2020

Introduction Clinical reasoning is often not explicitly taught to novice medical students. Pre-clerkship clinical skills courses are an ideal venue to teach the clinical reasoning process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a preclinical clinical reasoning curriculum through an end-of-semester objective structured clinical examination.
Methods This study was conducted through our longitudinal clinical skills course.
Second year medical (M2) students who received the clinical reasoning curriculum in 2018 formed the study cohort. M2 students from the previous year, who did not have the clinical reasoning curriculum, formed the comparison cohort. Several modalities were used to teach clinical reasoning including whole case approach, serial cue approach, self-explanation of pathophysiological mechanisms and comparison of closely related diagnoses. The students interviewed a standardized patient and documented the history along with three likely diagnoses.
Results Students in the study cohort achieved higher scores on differential diagnosis (1.98 vs. 1.64 in the comparison cohort, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of relevant symptoms queried between the study and comparison cohorts (3.74 vs. 3.34, p > 0.05).
Discussion Our study confirms that the introduction of clinical reasoning in a pre-clerkship clinical skills curriculum increases students’ ability to select relevant symptoms and provides them with a roadmap for expanding their differential diagnoses.
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Synthesis of a Novel Composite Sorbent Coated with Siderite Nanoparticles and its Application for Remediation of Water Contaminated with Congo Red Dye
Authors: Alshammari Musa , Al Juboury Maad F. , Naji Laith A. , Faisal Ayad A. H. , Zhu Hongshan , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Naushad Mu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRe-use of the byproduct wastes resulting from different municipal and industrial activities in the reclamation of contaminated water is real application for green projects and sustainability concepts. In this direction, the synthesis of composite sorbent from the mixing of waterworks and sewage sludge coated with new nanoparticles named “siderite” (WSSS) is the novelty of this study. These particles can be precipitated from the iron(II) nitrate using waterworks sludge as alkaline agent and source of carbonate. Characterization tests using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping revealed that the coating process was correctly achieved and siderite nanoparticles were planted on the surface of the composite sorbent. Interaction between Congo Red dye and composite sorbent was evaluated through a set of batch tests under the variation of agitation time, pH of aqueous solution, and sorbent dosage. The results proved that the prepared sorbent had a high ability in the treatment of water contaminated with Congo Red dye in comparison with previous studies and the maximum adsorption capacity reached to maximum value i.e. 9416 mg/g. The sorption process was governed by electrostatic attractions; however, Sips and Pseudo-second-order models described this process with coefficient of determination greater than 0.99.Graphic abstract
Rezidivierende Harnwegsinfektionen – nur Antibiotika?
Authors: Fille Manfred 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungRezidivierende Harnwegsinfektionen sind ein häufiges Problem in der urologischen Praxis. Befürchtungen über hohe Resistenzen gegenüber Antibiotika und teilweise beträchtliche Nebenwirkungen werfen die Frage nach Behandlungsmethoden ohne Antibiotika auf. Die Vielzahl der möglichen Alternativen zu Antibiotika zeigt aber, dass ein „magic bullet“ wohl noch nicht gefunden wurde. Zudem sind kontrollierte randomisierte Studien noch selten und weisen oft auch widersprüchliche Ergebnisse auf. Ein rationaler Einsatz von Antibiotika unter Hilfestellung der mikrobiologischen Harndiagnostik ist deshalb meistens die Vorgangsweise der Wahl, zumal die Resistenzlage bei einigen Antibiotika noch günstig ist und damit schwere Komplikationen vermeidbar sind.
miR-338-5p Targets Epidermal Growth Factor-Containing Fibulin-Like Extracellular Matrix Protein 1 to Inhibit the Growth and Invasion of Trophoblast Cells in Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Wen Hong , Hu Ying , Chen Lu , Zhao Li , Yang Xinyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSelective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) is a disorder of monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Trophoblast cells are the major component of the placenta. Dysfunction of trophoblast cells is associated with placental dysfunction. Our previous study identified miR-338-5p is downregulated in placenta tissues sharing larger twins of sIUGR. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-338-5p in trophoblast cells and explored its target. Our results further indicated that miR-338-5p was downregulated in placental tissues supporting larger twins of sIUGR, whereas epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) was upregulated. Moreover, miR-338-5p overexpression suppressed the growth and invasion of trophoblast cells. Importantly, results from luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-338-5p bound on the 3′-UTR of EFEMP1. miR-338-5p suppressed the growth and invasion of trophoblast cells via targeting EFEMP1. Further, miR-338-5p/EFEMP1 might disrupt the function of trophoblast cells via inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT.
Promoting community health collaboration between CTSA programs and Cooperative Extension to advance rural health equity: Insights from a national Un-Meeting
Authors: Gutter Michael S. , O’Neal LaToya J. , Riportella Roberta , Sugarwala Laura , Mathias John , Vilaro Melissa J. , Paige Samantha R. , Szurek Sarah M. , Navarro Giselle , Baralt Claire , Rhyne Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAddressing rural health disparities has unique challenges that require cross-sector collaborations to address social determinants of health and help those in need to get connected to care continuum. We brought the Clinical and Translational Science Award, Institutional Development Award Program Infrastructure for Clinical and Translational Research, and Cooperative Extension System Programs together for a one-day semi-structured meeting to discuss collaborative opportunities to address rural health disparities. Session notes and event materials were analyzed for themes to facilitate collaboration such as defining rural, critical issues, and organizational strengths in support of collaboration. Across 16 sessions, there were 26 broad topics of discussion. The most frequent topics included “barriers and challenges,” “strategies and opportunities,” and “defining rural.” There is a growing understanding of the opportunity that collaboration between these large programs provides in addressing rural health disparities.
Reducing C. difficile in children: An agent-based modeling approach to evaluate intervention effectiveness
Authors: Barker Anna K. , Scaria Elizabeth , Alagoz Oguzhan , Sethi Ajay K. , Safdar Nasia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is rapidly increasing in children’s hospitals nationwide. Thus, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of 9 infection prevention interventions and 6 multiple-intervention bundles at reducing hospital-onset CDI and asymptomatic C. difficile colonization.Design:Agent-based simulation model of C. difficile transmission.Setting:Computer-simulated, 80-bed freestanding, tertiary-care pediatric hospital, including 8 identical wards with 10 single-bed patient rooms each.Participants:The model includes 5 distinct agent types: patients, visitors, caregivers, nurses, and physicians.Interventions:Daily and terminal environmental disinfection, screening at admission, reduced intrahospital patient transfers, healthcare worker (HCW), visitor, and patient hand hygiene, and HCW and visitor contact precautions.Results:The model predicted that daily environmental disinfection with sporicidal product, combined with screening for asymptomatic C. difficile at admission, was the most effective 2-pronged infection prevention bundle, reducing hospital-onset CDI by 62.0% and asymptomatic colonization by 88.4%. Single-intervention strategies, including daily disinfection, terminal disinfection, asymptomatic screening at admission, HCW hand hygiene, and patient hand hygiene, as well as decreasing intrahospital patient transfers, all also reduced both hospital-onset CDI and asymptomatic colonization in the model. Visitor hand hygiene and visitor and HCW contact precautions were not effective at reducing either measure.Conclusions:Hospitals can achieve substantial reduction in hospital-onset CDIs by implementing a small number of highly effective interventions.