bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of paternal exposure to tertiary cigarette smoke on fetal morphometry and cognition of the offspring and its impact towards pollution
Authors: Furqaani A R , Siswanti L H , Sari A K , Oktaviana W , Febriyanty N , Putri S A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of paternal exposure to tertiary cigarette smoke on fetal morphometry and cognition of the offspring. This research is an experimental study with a complete randomized design. Twenty adult male mice used and randomly divided into control group and treated group which exposed to tertiary cigarette smoke for 14 days. After the smoking period, each male mated with two adult female mice. One group of female mice sacrificed and dissected to isolate the fetus on the 18th day of gestational. Fetal morphometry observed immediately. Another group of female mice allowed to give birth naturally. Then on the 30th day, novel object recognition (NOR) test performed to assess the cognitive function of the offspring. The results showed that the weight and length of the fetus from the treated group significantly smaller than that of the control group. Furthermore, offspring of the control group showed better performance significantly during NOR test. These results indicated that paternal exposure to cigarette residues affect the fetal development so that the fetus has smaller size and worse offspring cognition.
Study of mercury contamination in the environment as an impact of Artisanal gold mines activities at North Halmahera Indonesia
Authors: Chamid C , Sulistijo B , Hindersah H , Asyiawati Y 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
North Halmahera is part of Halmahera Island in East Indonesia which has natural resources that can be used for capital development of the island, such is gold deposit. An environmental destruction has occurred in surrounding areas of artisanal gold mines, one of them is mercury contamination. This is a descriptive analysis study in order to find out has mercury contamination occurred in the study area. The study was conducted by measuring mercury concentration directly in the atmosphere and soil by using mercury vapor analyzer, and collected river and marine water which analyzed in laboratory. The average measured mercury vapor in the atmosphere was 2.071, 8 mg/L, and in soil was 12, 568.4 mg/L, while the EPA threshold limit of mercury vapor concentration is 300 mg/L. All mercury concentration in river water were lower than 0.009 mg/L below the threshold limit of Water Quality Class II PPRI No.82/2001 which is 0.002 mg/L. The measurements were also below the threshold limit for water marine of KepMen LH No 51/2004 of 0.001 mg/L. It is find out that mercury vapor has contaminated the atmosphere of the study area of Malifut and Kao Teluk sub districts.
Sensory evaluation of sorghum cakes: Substituting sorghum flour for rice flour, sticky rice flour and wheat flour
Authors: Noerhartati E , Hernanda P Y , Mujianto M , Simamora D , Widiartin T , Maslihah M , Karyanto N W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The research objective was the development of the potential of sorghum as an alternative food source to support the Diversification and Food Security Program, by developing various wet cake products, the substitution results of sorghum flour with various other flour, namely: rice flour, sticky rice flour and wheat flour. Specific target: get sorghum-based cakes and various formulations and products that can be accepted by consumers, including quality in terms of physical aspects and organoleptic aspects. The results of these studies are useful for the formulation of the next phase of technical studies, namely obtaining appropriate technology that can be applied to the community. The selected treatment was sorghum “nogosari” cake with S1B1 treatment (combination of sorghum flour 30% and rice flour 70%), sorghum “mendut” cake with S1K1 treatment (combination of sorghum flour 30% and sticky rice flour 70%), while sorghum “bolu” cake with S1T2 treatment (combination of sorghum flour 40% and wheat flour 60%).
Misconceptions in mathematical induction for eleventh-grade students – HOTS categorized items
Authors: Adinata Y C , Budiyono B , Indriati D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aims to analyse misconceptions made by students regarding mathematical induction. The technic to collection data uses principles in ethnography such as observation, interview, documentation, and field note. Data were collected through student answer documentation based on 40 multiple choice questions with reasons. There are four misconceptions in solving problems related to mathematics induction subject matter. First is a misconception in interpreting the (n) on proof of P(n). Second is a misconception in generalizations (deduction). The third is a misconception in evidentiary procedures. Fourth is a misconception in manipulating or operating. The results of the findings of the misconceptions are used as material for consideration to improve items. Results construction of instruments to measure higher order thinking skills obtained 40 items that have been corrected based on criteria substance, construction, and language for further validation by experts before being tested in three schools.
Student perspective on fairness of assessment in mathematics classroom
Authors: Nurhayati S , Herman T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An appropriate assessment that can show specifically the ability of students is something that is expected can be felt by students. Therefore there must be a fair assessment in an authentic assessment conducted on students. We report the results of case studies on student perspectives related to seven themes of fairness assessment that aim to investigate students’ perspectives on the assessment of fairness in mathematics classes. We developed 20 questions related to fairness theme indicators and were given to five 11th grade high school students (15-17 years) from one of the referral schools in suburban areas in West Java. The results of this study illustrate that not all indicators of fairness are felt by students and the acquisition of student values influences their sense of fairness. This shows that the fairness of assessments in math classes is still lacking even in schools with referral school categories (implement authentic assessments).
Analysis of the ability of mathematical connections of middle school students in the field of algebra
Authors: Sari D N O , Mardiyana M , Pramudya I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The world of education continues to innovate in various fields, including renewal in its implementation strategies. Mathematical connection ability is one of the important abilities possessed by students. Mathematical connections aim to link mathematical problems into mathematical ideas they have. If students can use mathematical connections, learning will be optimal and meaningful. This study aims to describe students’ mathematical connection skills in solving the problem of mathematical connections in the algebraic field. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with the subject of the research is class VIII in Surakarta Batik Middle School, amounting to 57 students. Data collection is done by giving a test in the form of a more in-depth essay on mathematical connection skills in the algebraic field. The variables in this study are indicators of mathematical connection ability, namely the connection between mathematical concepts, connections between mathematics and other sciences, and connections between mathematics and everyday life. In this study, students’ mathematical connection ability tests were still low. Can be seen from the percentage of each indicator, namely the indicator of the connection between mathematical concepts is 38%, the connection between mathematics and other sciences is 29%, and the connection between mathematics and everyday life is 43%. Students are lowest in connecting mathematics with other sciences.
The effect of cooperative learning Type Teams-Games-Tournaments (TGT) on mathematical connection and communication ability in elementary schools
Authors: Muslim A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of increasing the ability of connection and mathematical communication of students through TGT cooperative learning. This study uses a quasi-experimental method. The sample of the study is the fourth-grade students of students of one of the state elementary schools in Bandung with 52 students. The instruments are data collection, namely test instruments, mathematical connection, and communication skills. Through the t-test, Mann-Whitney, and two-way ANOVA, conclusions were obtained, 1) there was a significant difference in the increase in connection skills and mathematical communication of students who received TGT type cooperative learning with students who received classical learning, 2) there was no interaction effect significant between learning and mathematical initial ability to increase students’ connection and mathematical communication skill. So this study proves that TGT cooperative learning can be used as an increase in the results of mathematical learning in elementary schools.
Comparison of volumetric efficiency direct injection diesel engine using a Biodiesel Pertamina and D70J30
Authors: Duling J R , Wiyogo W , Debora D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The problem of increasing scarcity of petroleum. This encourages researchers to develop alter-native fuels. This study attempts to compare and analyze the volumetric efficiency of the mixture of PER-TAMINA Biodiesel and D70J30 fuel mix (70% Biodiesel PERTAMINA and 30% Jatropha Biodiesel). The purpose of this research is to know the ratio of volumetric efficiency of fuel mixture D70J30 with PERTAMINA biodiesel in 4-stroke direct injection diesel motor, 4-cylinder engine with 2.8-liter cylinder volume, in order to find solution to improve engine performance. The method used in this study is experimental. The results showed the volumetric efficiency of diesel engines when using D70J30 mixed fuel at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% loads was 83.71%; 83.96%; 83.96%; 83.84% decreased compared to volumetric efficiency of PERTAMINA biodiesel at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% loads were 89, 5%; 89, 7%; 89, 5%; 89, 7%. The implications of the research results are the power and torque of the diesel engines are also down. In order to improve engine performance there are two ways that can be done, first fix the fuel mixture D70J30, the second modify the engine.
Selection criteria of feasibility assessment on mini hydro power plant in Batang Sumani River Solok West Sumatera
Authors: Suryadimal S , Ambiyar A , Ganefri G , Rizal F , Jalinu N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In a feasibility analysis, there are many involved factors giving influences on a feasibility decision of a hydro power plant. The research aims to assess the extent of criteria benefits obtained in running an investment business activity. Results of the assessment are used as considerations in decision making, whether it is to accept or reject a power plant investment plan. Methodology used in feasibility assessment is Analytic Hierarchy Process. AHP is a simple and flexible decision making method to deal with qualitative assessment giving integration to all expert decisions through structured linkages and by weighting on some variables giving influences on feasibility aspects, such as technical aspects and non-technical aspects through instruments that are validated by project planner party, capital and investment agency, as well as provincial energy mining office and also engineering consultant. Research benefits can minimize any undesired risks, both controllable risks and uncontrollable risks. Proposed plans will be references in running each business stage, so that there will be systematic and effective work; it also facilitates supervision and control. The conclusion leads to eight important criteria giving great determinant and priority in assessment of a feasibility preparation results, so there will be a standard and valid feasibility decision.
Determination of the parameters of diffusion and unsteady filament currents in a cylindrical chalcogenide glassy semiconductor
Authors: Sovtus N V , Mynbaev K D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For the Ge-Sb-Te system, the heat equation describing the current filament in the cylindrical semiconductor plate is approximately solved. The scale of the lateral current flowing perpendicular to the filament is estimated. It is shown that for the infinitely long times, the current in the filament is proportional to the square of the maximum temperature at the centre of the filament and inversely proportional to the applied electric field. It is established that the lateral current is small as compared to the current flowing in the filament, so the occurrence of lateral filaments growing from the main filament is unlikely.
The increase in band bending at the p-GaN(Cs) – vacuum interface due to the photoemission from surface states
Authors: Rozhkov S A , Bakin V V , Kosolobov S N , Scheibler H E , Terekhov A S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The photoelectron processes in a p-GaN(Cs) photocathode with the effective negative electron affinity were studied experimentally within the 90–295 K temperature range. It was found that the photocathode illumination at the photon energies, which are below the energy gap of the p-GaN layer, increases the band bending at a semiconductor surface due to the photoemission from surface states.
III-N heterostructures for monolithic integration of enhancement/depletion-mode high-electron-mobility transistors
Authors: Arteev D S , Sakharov A V , Nikolaev A E , Lundin W V , Tsatsulnikov A F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Simulation analysis of III-N two-dimensional electron gas-based structures that could be used for stable monolithically integrated enhancement/depletion-mode circuits was carried out. Three different designs were proposed and analysed, including a novel p-GaN/AlN-GaN SPSL/GaN, which is expected to have lower ON-state resistance and higher transconductance than conventional normally-off GaN-based transistors.
Numerical investigation of longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) in high-power semiconductor lasers
Authors: Golovin V S , Gavrina P S , Romanovich D N , Slipchenko S O , Pikhtin N A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) and its effect on output power of broad-area semiconductor lasers are examined using one-dimensional rate equations. It is shown that direct LSHB can be separated into two mechanisms – an increase in the effective threshold current and a decrease in the output efficiency. The LSHB dependence on laser diode parameters is analysed. In particular, a large optical confinement factor Γ is shown to suppress the LSHB-induced power decrease.
High-speed photodetector with controlled relocation of carrier density peaks
Authors: Pisarenko I V , Ryndin E A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, metal interconnections are near to the physical limit of their application in integrated circuits due to the continued scaling of transistors and an increase in the integration degree. An optoelectronic approach to the solution of this problem considers optical systems as advanced on- and inter-chip connections. Our previous papers were aimed at the development of an injection laser with a double AIIIBV heterostructure and a functionally integrated optical modulator. Owing to the principle of controlled relocation of carrier density peaks within quantum regions, the laser-modulator can generate optical signals with terahertz modulation frequencies. To detect such signals, a technologically compatible photodetector with subpicosecond response time is needed. In this paper, we propose a novel design of AIIIBV high-speed photodetector for optical interconnections in integrated circuits. It is based on the same relocation principle as the laser-modulator and includes a traditional p-i-n photosensitive junction and an orthogonal control heterostructure that displaces the peaks of electron and hole densities into special low-temperature-grown regions during the back edge of a laser pulse. We developed a numerical model of the photodetector with controlled relocation of carrier density peaks and estimated the duration of the photocurrent back edge.
Terahertz photoconductivity enhancement in graphene in magnetic fields
Authors: Baryshnikov K A , Vasilyev Yu B , Novikov S , Danilov S N , Ganichev S D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The terahertz photoconductivity of epitaxial graphene grown on a SiC substrate is studied in magnetic fields. Under a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the sample’s plane, a strong increase in the photoconductivity signal was detected due to suppression of electron-electron scattering. The photoconductivity mechanism based on the heating of electrons by terahertz radiation explains the experimental results.
The recent and future health burden of the U.S. mobile sector apportioned by source
Authors: Davidson Kenneth , Fann Neal , Zawacki Margaret , Fulcher Charles , Baker Kirk R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mobile sources emit particulate matter as well as precursors to particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone, pollutants known to adversely impact human health. This study uses source-apportionment photochemical air quality modeling to estimate the health burden (expressed as incidence) of an array of PM2.5- and ozone-related adverse health impacts, including premature death, attributable to 17 mobile source sectors in the US in 2011 and 2025. Mobile sector-attributable air pollution contributes a substantial fraction of the overall pollution-related mortality burden in the U.S., accounting for about 20% of the PM2.5 and ozone-attributable deaths in 2011 (between 21 000 and 55 000 deaths, depending on the study used to derive the effect estimate). This value falls to about 13% (between 13 000 and 37 000 deaths) by 2025 due to regulatory and voluntary programs reducing emissions from mobile sources. Similar trends across all morbidity health impacts can also be observed. Emissions from on-road sources are the largest contributor to premature deaths; this is true for both 2011 (between 12 000 and 31 000 deaths) and 2025 (between 6700 and 18 000 deaths). Non-road construction engines, C3 marine engines and emissions from rail also contribute to large portions of premature deaths. Across the 17 mobile sectors modeled, the PM2.5-attributable mortality and morbidity burden falls between 2011 and 2025 for 12 sectors and increases for 5. Ozone-attributable mortality and morbidity burden increases between 2011 and 2025 for 10 sectors and falls for 7. These results extend the literature beyond generally aggregated mobile sector health burden toward a representation of highly-resolved source characterization of both current and future health burden. The quantified future mobile source health burden is a novel feature of this analysis and could prove useful for decisionmakers and affected stakeholders.
The fallout from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident profiles a new dating reference in ice and comparison with the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Wang Feiteng , Ming Jing , Edwards Ross , Li Zhongqin , Wang Ninglian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Absolute-age dating horizons play a pillar role in the reconstruction of an ice core chronology. In the modern era, these have included the global fallout from massive volcanic eruptions, atmospheric and marine thermonuclear weapons testing and nuclear accidents. After the occurrence of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident (FDNA) on March 11 2011, the simulation of the radioactivity from the FDNA by a dispersion model (HYSPLIT) shows that the nuclides reached the study area in late March, consistent with the ground measurements in Xi’an, Lanzhou and Urumqi. To investigate the deposition of radioactivity resulting from the FDNA, we collected snowpack samples from four glaciers (i.e. Glacier No. 1, Glacier No. 72, Qiyi and Shiyi glaciers, respectively) in northwestern China and analysed them for total β activity (TBA). The measured TBA in the FDNA layers were increased by two to four times, compared with the averages in the non-FDNA layers. We revisited Glacier No. 1 in 2018 and studied a much deeper snow-pit profile for the TBA, seven years after the first-time investigation into a relatively shallow snow pit in 2011. The TBA concentrated in a dust layer and became more significant in 2018 compared to that in 2011. We compared the TBA in Glacier No. 1 with that in the Muztagata glacier from the Chernobyl accident in 1986, and the depositions of radioactivity in the two High-Asian glaciers were comparable. We conclude that the FDNA formed a distinctly new lasting reference in the snow, which could help date the snow and ice in the Northern Hemisphere.
Human influence strengthens the contrast between tropical wet and dry regions
Authors: Schurer Andrew P , Ballinger Andrew P , Friedman Andrew R , Hegerl Gabriele C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Climate models predict a strengthening contrast between wet and dry regions in the tropics and subtropics (30 °S–30 °N), and data from the latest model intercomparison project (CMIP6) support this expectation. Rainfall in ascending regions increases, and in descending regions decreases in climate models, reanalyses, and observational data. This strengthening contrast can be captured by tracking the rainfall change each month in the wettest and driest third of the tropics and subtropics combined. Since wet and dry regions are selected individually every month for each model ensemble member, and the observations, this analysis is largely unaffected by biases in location of precipitation features. Blended satellite and in situ data from 1988–2019 support the CMIP6-model-simulated tendency of sharpening contrasts between wet and dry regions, with rainfall in wet regions increasing substantially opposed by a slight decrease in dry regions. We detect the effect of external forcings on tropical and subtropical observed precipitation in wet and dry regions combined, and attribute this change for the first time to anthropogenic and natural forcings separately. Our results show that most of the observed change has been caused by increasing greenhouse gases. Natural forcings also contribute, following the drop in wet-region precipitation after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, while anthropogenic aerosol effects show only weak trends in tropic-wide wet and dry regions consistent with flat global aerosol forcing over the analysis period. The observed response to external forcing is significantly larger (p > 0.95) than the multi-model mean simulated response. As expected from climate models, the observed signal strengthens further when focusing on the wet tail of spatial distributions in both models and data.