bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Safety Personnel’s interpretations of potentially traumatic events
Authors: Ricciardelli R , Czarnuch S , Afifi T O , Taillieu T , Carleton R N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Many public safety personnel (PSP) experience trauma directly or indirectly in their occupational role, yet there remain barriers to accessing care or seeking help.

Aims
To understand how PSP interpret different potentially traumatic events and how perceived eligibility for being traumatized is determined among PSP.

Methods
We analysed open-ended comments provided by over 800 PSP in a survey designed to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress injuries and other mental disorders.

Results
We found evidence that a trauma hierarchy may exist among PSP. Certain experiences may be interpreted as more traumatic, based on both the event and the PSP role in the actual event. For example, involvement in a shooting may be interpreted as more traumatic than arriving on the scene later. Similarly, a single event may be deemed more traumatic than an accumulation of events. The role of the individual and social context in shaping experiences and interpretations of trauma may be largely ignored in line with confirmation biases.

Conclusions
The role that individuals and social contexts play in shaping experiences and interpretations of trauma appear suppressed by perceptions of a trauma hierarchy, facilitating systematic discrediting or valuation of some experiences, therein evidencing that trauma is subjective and reinforcing barriers to care seeking. A trauma hierarchy may also propagate stigma and legitimize discrimination regarding mental health. We argue that recognizing, engaging with, and dismantling the perception of a trauma hierarchy may help create a respectful and open occupational culture supportive of mental health needs.
Two definitions of presenteeism: sickness presenteeism and impaired work function
Authors: Ishimaru T , Mine Y , Fujino Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Two major definitions exist for presenteeism: sickness presenteeism and impaired work function. The evidence for comparing previous studies on presenteeism is insufficient because of the different definitions of presenteeism used.

Aims
To assess the relationship between the two major definitions of presenteeism.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data on 5334 respondents to an employee survey administered in a construction company in Japan. Impaired work function was measured using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Multiple logistic regression was performed.

Results
A strong linear association was observed between the number of days of sickness presenteeism and impaired work function (all P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, the number of days of sickness absence was only partially positively associated with impaired work function. All choices for most frequent health problem were positively associated with impaired work function, beginning with mental problems (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 20.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.94–28.01), followed by malaise (adjusted OR = 11.91, 95% CI: 9.08–15.62) and sleeping problems (adjusted OR = 8.62, 95% CI: 6.57–11.33).

Conclusions
A strong relationship was observed between the two major definitions of presenteeism, even after adjusting for a variety of chronic health conditions. Although a consensus on the definition of presenteeism is yet to be reached, this study provides insight on comparing existing studies on presenteeism.
Refusal of animal-derived medical products in a paediatric setting: Ethical issues
Authors: Hassanein Maram , Anderson James A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Many medical products that are widely available and commonly used are of animal origin, which can be problematic for those who identify as followers of a particular religion, or have moral commitments or dietary preferences that prohibit or restrict the ingestion of animal products. Given that people are becoming more conscious of the products they ingest, however, we suspect this might be an issue in the foreseeable future, particularly in a multicultural and diverse community like Toronto, Canada. Failure to provide services sensitive to these beliefs and preferences may result in a refusal of medical treatment. In this paper, we aim to identify and explore issues relating to the refusal of animal-derived medical products in paediatric settings by exploring three clinical cases.
The art and science of priority-setting: assessing the value of Public Health England’s Prioritization Framework
Authors: Maniatopoulos G , Hunter D J , Gray J 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Findings are presented from the evaluation of Public Health England’s (PHE) Prioritization Framework (PF) aimed to assist local authority commissioners with their public health investment and disinvestment decisions. The study explored the take up of the PF in three early adopter local authority settings.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews (n = 30) across three local authorities supplemented by participant observation of workshops.

Results
Participants acknowledged that the PF provided a systematic means of guiding priority-setting and one that encouraged transparency over investment and disinvestment decisions. The role performed by PHE and its regional teams in facilitating the process was especially welcomed and considered critical to the adoption process. However, uptake of the PF required a significant investment of time and commitment from public health teams at a time when resources were stretched. The impact of the political environment in the local government was a major factor determining the likely uptake of the PF. Ensuring committed leadership and engagement from senior politicians and officers was regarded as critical to success.

Conclusions
The study assessed the value and impact of PHE’s PF tool in three early adopter local authorities. Further research could explore the value of the tool in aiding investment and disinvestment decisions and its impact on spending.
After the social crisis: the transformation of employment relations at France Télécom
Authors: Doellgast Virginia , Bellego Maxime , Pannini Elisa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article contributes to debates on the conditions for strengthening collective worker voice in financialized organizations. It examines change in employment relations at France Télécom/Orange (FT) following a social crisis associated with employee suicides in 2007–2009. FT’s labor unions developed creative approaches to study and publicize the negative effects of employment restructuring on workers’ psychosocial health. The common framing they developed became a source of ‘communicative power’, used to influence how the suicides were interpreted both within the firm and in the media. This power was deployed to encourage substantive social dialogue that institutionalized worker participation in management decision-making. Findings demonstrate the potentially transformative role of discursive strategies that assert the legitimacy of worker well-being as both a measure of and input to organizational performance.
Cephalic Tetanus: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bağcı Zafer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Tetanus is a preventable infectious disease with vaccination. Cephalic tetanus is the rarest form in which local tetanus can involve the cranial nerves.

Case
Herein, we report a case of cephalic tetanus in a 16-month-old girl who had never been vaccinated. The patient, who had a complaint of a wound on the cheek mucosa for 2 weeks, was seen playing with the soil in the garden 1 week ago and was found to have abundant soil removed by her mother. The patient was diagnosed as cephalic tetanus according to her complaints and clinical findings.

Discussion
We believe that, this is the first case reported in the literature of cephalic tetanus in such a young child wherein the disease focus of infection from a wound on the cheek mucosa. The symptom we defined as ‘a child who cries when she smiles’ presented in this case could only be associated with this disease.

Conclusion
In addition to detailed anamnesis and meticulous physical examination, the clinical symptoms that we have described for the first time in a child with cephalic tetanus should also be considered for early and accurate diagnosis.
Parents' Experiences About Support Following Stillbirth and Neonatal Death
Authors: Camacho Ávila Marcos , Fernández Medina Isabel María , Jiménez-López Francisca Rosa , Granero-Molina José , Hernández-Padilla José Manuel , Hernández Sánchez Encarnación , Fernández-Sola Cayetano 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Stillbirth and neonatal death are one of the most stressful life events, with negative outcomes for parents. Society does not recognize this type of loss, and parental grieving is particularly complicated and intense.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe and understand the experiences of parents in relation to professional and social support following stillbirth and neonatal death.

Methods:
This was a qualitative study based on Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology. Twenty-one semistructured interviews were carried out. Inductive analysis was used to find themes based on the data.

Results:
Twenty-one parents (13 mothers and 8 fathers) from 6 families participated in the study. The analysis identified 2 main themes: (1) “professional care in dealing with parents' grief,” with the subthemes “important aspects of professional care,” “continuing of pathways of care”; and (2) “effects of social support in parental grief,” including the subthemes “the silence that surrounds grieving parents,” “family and other children: a key element,” and “perinatal loss support groups: a reciprocal help.”

Implications for Practice:
Counseling and support according to parents' requirements by an interdisciplinary team of professionals educated in perinatal loss and ethical family-centered care is needed. A social support system for families is necessary to avoid negative emotional consequences.

Implications for Research:
Further research is needed to analyze midwives' and nurses' experience as facilitators to improve parental grief and the difficulties experienced by the family, other children, and friends of parents with perinatal loss in providing support.
Variables Associated With Lag Screw Sliding After Single-Screw Cephalomedullary Nail Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Parry Joshua A. , Sapp Travis , Langford Joshua R. , Koval Kenneth J. , Haidukewych George J. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate variables associated with lag screw sliding after single-screw cephalomedullary nail (CMN) fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level-one trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred fifty-eight intertrochanteric fractures in patients older than 65 years with an average follow-up of 22 months.

Intervention:
Single-screw CMN fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Lag screw sliding and revision surgeries.

Results:
The average amount of lag screw sliding was 5 ± 5 mm (range, 0–21 mm). Lag screw sliding was greater with unstable fracture patterns (mean difference 2 mm, 95% confidence interval 0.4–3.5 mm, P = 0.01) and calcar gapping >4 mm (mean difference 3.7 mm, 95% confidence interval 2–5 mm, P < 0.01). No association was found between lag screw sliding and age, female gender, implants, long versus short nails, distal interlock screw use, postoperative neck-shaft angle, or tip-apex distance (P > 0.05). Revision surgeries were performed in 6 (4%) patients. Indications included symptomatic lag screw removal (n = 2), avascular necrosis (n = 1), cutout (n = 1), loss of reduction (n = 1), and perimplant fracture (n = 1).

Conclusions:
Unstable fracture patterns are unavoidable; however, careful attention to calcar reduction and selection of dual-screw CMN implants may minimize lag screw sliding and its detrimental effects on outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
En-Bloc Resection Versus Resection After Evacuation and Suction of the Content for Orbital Optic Nerve Glioma Causing Visual Loss and Disfiguring Proptosis
Authors: Mohammad Abd El-Nasser A. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the surgical outcomes of two different techniques of resection for optic nerve gliomas confined to the intra-orbital segment.

Methods:
This prospective, comparable, clinical interventional case series was conducted at the orbital clinic of Assiut University Hospital, the referral centre of Upper Egypt in the period between 2006 and 2018. The study included 10 children with optic nerve gliomas confined to the intra-orbital part without intracanalicular or intracranial extension and causing severe visual loss and disfiguring proptosis. In all cases, lateral orbitotomy was performed to expose the mass. In 5 cases (group A), the glioma was resected en-bloc. In 5 cases (group B), a new technique of resection was introduced. The wall of the glioma was incised, the content was evacuated and suctioned and followed by resection under good visualization of the markedly reduced mass in size.

Results:
In the 2 groups, no tumour regrowth was reported during the follow-up period of 3–12 years. In group A, the 5 cases developed postoperative third nerve damage with paralytic ptosis and one case had severe neurotrophic keratitis ended by dense corneal opacity. In group B, a healthy ipsilateral eye was preserved in all cases and no one case developed postoperative paralytic ptosis.

Conclusions:
Reduction of size of an intra-orbital optic nerve glioma by evacuation and suction of the content before resection is highly recommended. This makes the surgical field during resection more visible and minimizes the possibility of third or other nerves damage.
Hearing in Noise With Unilateral Versus Bilateral Bone Conduction Hearing Aids in Adults With Pseudo-conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: Hilly Ohad , Sokolov Meirav , Finkel Reut Beck , Zavdy Ofir , Shemesh Rafael , Attias Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Objective:The role of bilateral bone conduction amplification in patients with bilateral conductive hearing loss is unclear because cranial attenuation is usually considered negligible, and both cochleae can be stimulated with similar efficacy by each device. The aim of the study was to determine if bilateral bone-conduction hearing aids can improve hearing in noise in a homogeneous group of normal-hearing subjects with bilateral pseudo-conductive hearing loss.Study Design:Prospective, comparative.Setting:Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders in University of Haifa, Israel.Subjects:Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders in University of Haifa, Israel.Interventions:Induction of bilateral pseudo-conductive hearing loss of more than 35 dB using earplugs and earmuffs.Main Outcome Measures:Hearing quality on blinded comparison of unilateral versus bilateral amplification with bone-conduction hearing aids under different locations of noise.Results:Unilateral and bilateral amplification had similar efficacy when both signal and noise were presented from the front. However, bilateral amplification was significantly better when signals were presented from the front and noise was presented from both sides (SNR −10: 92% vs. 84%,p = 0.001; SNR −15: 84% vs. 78%,p = 0.005). Analysis of subject responses on blinded questionnaires revealed that 81% found hearing easier with bilateral amplification. Noise was reported to be more disturbing with unilateral amplification by 55% of the subjects and with bilateral amplification, by 9%.Conclusions:Bilateral amplification with bone conduction devices can improve understanding in noise in the binaural squelch setting. Subjective improvements with bilateral bone-conduction aids included better sound quality and reduced noise disturbance. These findings are consistent with the binaural mechanism of spectral release from masking.
Intrinsic Measures and Shape Analysis of the Intratemporal Facial Nerve
Authors: Hudson Thomas J. , Gare Bradley , Allen Daniel G. , Ladak Hanif M. , Agrawal Sumit K. 
Published: January 2020

Hypothesis:
To characterize anatomical measurements and shape variation of the facial nerve within the temporal bone, and to create statistical shape models (SSMs) to enhance knowledge of temporal bone anatomy and aid in automated segmentation.

Background:
The facial nerve is a fundamental structure in otologic surgery, and detailed anatomic knowledge with surgical experience are needed to avoid its iatrogenic injury. Trainees can use simulators to practice surgical techniques, however manual segmentation required to develop simulations can be time consuming. Consequently, automated segmentation algorithms have been developed that use atlas registration, SSMs, and deep learning.

Methods:
Forty cadaveric temporal bones were evaluated using three dimensional microCT (μCT) scans. The image sets were aligned using rigid fiducial registration, and the facial nerve canals were segmented and analyzed. Detailed measurements were performed along the various sections of the nerve. Shape variability was then studied using two SSMs: one involving principal component analysis (PCA) and a second using the Statismo framework.

Results:
Measurements of the nerve canal revealed mean diameters and lengths of the labyrinthine, tympanic, and mastoid segments. The landmark PCA analysis demonstrated significant shape variation along one mode at the distal tympanic segment, and along three modes at the distal mastoid segment. The Statismo shape model was consistent with this analysis, emphasizing the variability at the mastoid segment. The models were made publicly available to aid in future research and foster collaborative work.

Conclusion:
The facial nerve exhibited statistical variation within the temporal bone. The models used form a framework for automated facial nerve segmentation and simulation for trainees.
Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women Between 12 and 20 Weeks of Gestation and Preterm Birth
Authors: Moore Tiffany A. , Samson Kaeli , Ahmad Iman M. , Case Adam J. , Zimmerman Matthew C. 
Published: January 2020

Background
A known relationship exists between oxidative stress and preterm birth (PTB). However, few studies have measured oxidative stress prospectively in early or midpregnancy, and no studies have used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy prospectively to predict PTB.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to identify predictive relationships between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically, superoxide (O2
•−), peroxynitrite (OONO−), and hydroxyl radical (●OH), using EPR spectroscopy, measured between 12 and 20 weeks of gestation and compare with the incidence of PTB.

Methods
Blood was obtained from pregnant women (n = 140) recruited from a tertiary perinatal center. Whole blood was analyzed directly for ROS, O2
•−, OONO−, and ●OH using EPR spectroscopy. Red blood cell lysate was used to measure antioxidants. PTB was defined as parturition at <37 weeks of gestation.

Results
No differences were found between ROS, O2
•−, OONO−, or ●OH with the incidence of PTB. Catalase activity, glutathione, and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio were significantly lower with PTB. Logistic regression suggests decreased catalase activity in pregnant women is associated with increased odds of delivering prematurely.

Discussion
We prospectively compared antioxidants and specific ROS using EPR spectroscopy in pregnant women between 12 and 20 weeks of gestation with the incidence of PTB. Results are minimal but do suggest that antioxidants—specifically decreased catalase activity—in early pregnancy may be associated with PTB; however, these findings should be cautiously interpreted and may not have clinical significance.
Optimizing Quality of Life for Patients with Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema: A Prospective Study Combining DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction and Lymphedema Surgery
Authors: Chang Edward I. , Ibrahim Amir , Liu Jun , Robe Charee , Suami Hiroo , Hanasono Matthew M. , Nguyen Alexander T. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Patients with breast cancer–related lymphedema can be treated with a simultaneous deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, vascularized inguinal lymph node transfer, and lymphovenous anastomosis for aesthetic breast reconstruction and lymphedema in one operation.

Methods:
The authors performed a comparison of prospectively followed patients who underwent free flap breast reconstruction with vascularized inguinal lymph node transfer and anastomosis to a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent free flap breast reconstruction with vascularized inguinal lymph node transfer alone.

Results:
Thirty-three patients underwent DIEP flap reconstruction with vascularized inguinal lymph node transfer and lymphovenous anastomosis, and 21 received a free flap with lymph node transfer alone. There were no significant differences in demographics, adjuvant chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. The average number of nodes removed was also equivalent (21.2 versus 21.4 nodes). Two anastomoses per patient, on average, were performed (range, one to four) in the combined cohort, and all patients (100 percent) reported a subjective improvement in symptoms, compared with 81.0 percent of patients undergoing only lymph node transfer (p = 0.019). Perometer measurements demonstrated a significant reduction between the groups at early time points [3 months, 40.7 percent versus 20.0 percent (p = 0.037); 6 months, 57.0 percent versus 44.5 percent (p = 0.043)]; however, the difference was not statistically significant at 12 months (60.4 percent versus 57.8 percent; p = 0.43).

Conclusion:
This is the first prospective study demonstrating the safety and efficacy of a combined DIEP flap with vascularized inguinal lymph node transfer and lymphovenous anastomosis, which may be superior to lymph node transfer alone.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.