bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold(I) Complexation of Phosphanoxy‐Substituted Phosphaalkenes for Activation‐Free LAuCl Catalysis
Authors: Kato Miki , Ueta Yasuhiro , Ito Shigekazu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe phosphanoxy‐substituted phosphaalkene bearing the P=C−O−P skeleton can be prepared from diphosphene Mes*P=PMes* (Mes*=2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2), and their use for catalysis is of interest. In this paper, complexation of the phosphanoxy‐substituted phosphaalkenes with gold are investigated, and the catalytic activity of the mono‐ and bis(chlorogold) complexes are subsequently evaluated. Reaction of the P=C−O−P compound with (tht)AuCl (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) showed dominant coordination on the sp3phosphorus, and complete coordination on the sp2phosphorus required removal of tetrahydrothiophene. Atoms In Molecules (AIM) analysis based on the X‐ray structure of the mono(chlorogold) complex indicated a pseudo coordinating interaction between the gold center and the P=C unit. The bis(chlorogold) complexes displayed conformational isomerism, and catalyzed the cycloisomerization/alkoxycyclization of 1,6‐enyne and for hydration of terminal alkyne without activation treatment. Even the mono(chlorogold) complexes catalyzed the alkoxycyclization reactions without a silver co‐catalyst, indicating that the alcohols were effective in activating the AuCl unit.
The Biorefinery Concept: Producing Cellulosic Ethanol from Agricultural Residues
Authors: Hortsch Ralf , Corvo Paolo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe increasing requirement for more sustainability in the transport sector, which is responsible for more than 25% of CO2 emissions worldwide and consumes almost 50% of the world's oil production, creates a growing demand for technological advancement in this field. Cellulosic ethanol, produced from agricultural residues, is an advanced biofuel that meets these needs: it offers excellent greenhouse gas savings based on renewable raw materials that are already available in large quantities worldwide. This essay will outline challenges and opportunities for using advanced biofuels, in this particular case, cellulosic ethanol, to reduce the usage and dependency of fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, showcasing Clariant's sunliquid® process technology.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Antiallodynic Activity of 3‐Hydroxylated Paroxetines
Authors: Chamorro‐Arenas Delfino , Salgado‐Moreno Giovanna , Martinez‐Mendieta Liliana , Quintero Leticia , Godínez‐Chaparro Beatriz , Sartillo‐Piscil Fernando 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe design, stereoselective synthesis and in vivo antiallodynic activity of four novel paroxetine analogs, named 3‐hydroxy paroxetines (3HPXs), is reported herein. Among the novel synthesized compounds, three showed an antiallodynic effect, while (R,R)‐3HPX was found to be 2.5 times more bioactive than (‐)‐paroxetine itself in neuropathic rats. Consequently, the current investigation not only discloses a novel promising analgesic drug, but also reveals that functionalization at the C3 position of paroxetine could be as effective as the common functionalization at either C4 or within the sesamol group.
A randomized study to prevent lymphedema in women treated for breast cancer: CALGB 70305 (Alliance)
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Le‐Rademacher Jennifer , Oliveri Jill M. , Liu Heshan , Seisler Drew K. , Sloan Jeffrey A. , Armer Jane M. , Naughton Michelle J. , Hock Karen , Schwartz Michael , Unzeitig Gary , Melnik Marianne , Yee Lisa D. , Fleming Gini F. , Taylor John R. , Loprinzi Charles 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundLymphedema affects many women who are treated for breast cancer. We examined the effectiveness of an education‐only (EO) versus education plus sleeve compression/exercise intervention (lymphedema education and prevention [LEAP]) on lymphedema incidence and range of motion (ROM) in a group‐randomized trial across 38 cooperative group sites.MethodsThe treating institution was randomly assigned to either EO or LEAP by a study statistician. All patients at a treating institution participated in the same intervention (EO or LEAP) to minimize contamination bias. Participants completed surveys, arm volume measurements, and self‐reported ROM assessments before surgery and at 12 and 18 months after surgery. Lymphedema was defined as a ≥10% difference in limb volume at any time post‐surgery up to 18 months after surgery or diagnosis by a health provider. Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel tests were used to compare lymphedema‐free rates between groups, stratified by lymph node surgery type. Self‐reported ROM differences were compared between groups.ResultsA total of 554 participants (56% LEAP) were included in the analyses. At 18 months, lymphedema‐free rates were 58% (EO) versus 55% (LEAP) (P = .37). ROM for both arms was greater in LEAP versus EO at 12 months; by 18 months, most women reported full ROM, regardless of group. In LEAP, only one‐third wore a sleeve ≥75% of the time; 50% performed lymphedema exercises at least weekly.ConclusionLymphedema incidence did not differ by intervention group at 18 months. Poor adherence in the LEAP group may have contributed. However, physical therapy may speed recovery of ROM. Further research is needed to effectively reduce the incidence and severity of lymphedema in patients who have breast cancer.
Color determinants of surface stratification
Authors: Da Pos Osvaldo , Vishwanath Dhanraj , Albertazzi Liliana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough color plays a crucial role in the demarcation of surfaces in the visual field, its role in depth perception is not well understood. Certain special effects of color on depth perception that arise from optical factors such as chromatic aberration (chromostereopsis) have been studied, but less is known about the role of perceptual factors of color in determining depth relations. The present study explores the role that the different attributes of color such as hue, chroma, and lightness play in the stratification of surfaces in depth. In two experiments, subjects manipulated specific dimensions of colors (hue, chroma, lightness, and whiteness) while making judgments of coplanarity of either two or more abutting surfaces. The results demonstrate that for surfaces to appear coplanar, their lightness has to be proportional to the natural (intrinsic) lightness of the hues. No meaningful effects of chroma, whiteness, or blackness were found in depth stratification. The results suggest a primary role of the natural lightness of hues in depth perception.
Occlusion gesture recognition based on improvedSSD
Authors: Liao Shangchun , Li Gongfa , Wu Hao , Jiang Du , Liu Ying , Yun Juntong , Liu Yibo , Zhou Dalin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryGesture recognition has always been a research hotspot in the field of human‐computer interaction. Its purpose is to realize the natural interaction with the machine by recognizing the semantics expressed by gesture. In the process of gesture recognition, the occlusion of gesture is an inevitable problem. In the process of gesture recognition, some or even all of the gesture features will be lost due to the occlusion of the gesture, resulting in the wrong recognition or even unrecognizability of the gesture. Therefore, it is of great significance to study gesture recognition under occlusion. The single shot multibox detector (SSD) algorithm is analyzed, and the front‐end network is compared. Mobilenets is selected as the front‐end network, and the Mobilenets‐SSD network is improved. In tensorflow environment, based on the improved network model, the self‐occlusion gesture and object occluding gesture are trained in color map, depth map, and color and depth fusion respectively. The recognition models of self‐occlusion gestures and object‐occlusion gestures in color map, depth map, and color and depth fusion are obtained. And compare and analyze the learning rate, loss function, and average accuracy of various models obtained for occlusion gesture recognition.
Hot‐Electron Photodynamics in Silver‐Containing BEA‐Type Nanozeolite Studied by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Kawtharani Farah , Mintova Svetlana , Retoux Richard , Mostafavi Mehran , Buntinx Guy , De Waele Vincent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSilver cations were introduced in nanosized BEA‐type zeolite containing organic template by ion‐exchange followed by chemical reduction towards preparation of photoactive materials (Ag0‐BEA). The stabilization of highly dispersed Ag0 nanoparticles with a size of 1–2 nm in the BEA zeolite was revealed. The transient optical response of the Ag‐BEA samples upon photoexcitation at 400 nm was studied by femtosecond absorption. The photodynamic of the hot electrons was found to depend on the sample preparation. The lifetime of the hot electrons in the Ag−BEA samples containing small Ag nanoparticles (1–2 nm) is significantly shortened in comparison to bear Ag nanoparticles with a size of 10 nm. While for the larger Ag nanoparticles, the energy absorbed in the conduction band is decaying by electron‐phonon coupling into the metal lattice, the high surface‐to‐volume ratio of the small Ag nanoparticles favors the dissipation of the energy of the hot electrons from the metal nanoparticles (Ag0) towards the zeolitic micro‐environment. This finding is encouraging for further applications of Ag‐containing zeolites in photocatalysis and plasmonic chemistry.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: Cultivation, Storage, and Methods for Introducing DNA
Authors: Davidson Robert K. , Davis Kimberly M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractYersinia pseudotuberculosis has been studied for many decades, and research on this microbe has taught us a great deal about host‐pathogen interactions, bacterial manipulation of host cells, virulence factors, and the evolution of pathogens. This microbe should not be cultivated at 37°C because this is a trigger that the bacterium uses to sense its presence within a mammalian host and results in expression of genes necessary to colonize a mammalian host. Prolonged growth at this temperature can result in accumulation of mutations that reduce the virulence of the strain, so all protocols need to be modified for growth at room temperature, or 26°C. This article describes protocols for cultivating this microbe and for its long‐term storage and its genetic manipulation by transformation and conjugation. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Growth of Y. pseudotuberculosis from a stockBasic Protocol 2: Growth of Y. pseudotuberculosis in liquid medium from a single colonyBasic Protocol 3: Freezing Y. pseudotuberculosis in glycerol for long‐term storageBasic Protocol 4: Transformation of Y. pseudotuberculosis by electroporationBasic Protocol 5: Tri‐parental mating/conjugation
Religious social norms and corporate sustainability: The effect of religiosity on environmental, social, and governance disclosure
Authors: Terzani Simone , Turzo Teresa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between religious social norms and corporate sustainability by analyzing the effect of religiosity and religious affiliation on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure. To this aim an empirical analysis was conducted on a sample of 17,432 firm‐year observations across 33 countries between 2004 and 2017. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to estimate a country‐level measure of religiosity, which included the variables “religious person,” “importance of religion,” and “religious service attendance.” The results, obtained by means of a country‐weighted random‐effect Tobit regression model, showed a non‐linear, U‐shaped relationship between religiosity and ESG disclosure, and a significantly moderating effect of religious affiliation. Consistent with the “social norm” theory, this study contributes to previous literature on ESG determinants by showing that religiosity and religious affiliation significantly influence companies' attitude toward non‐financial disclosure.
Synthesis of Bio‐Based Methylcyclopentadiene from 2,5‐Hexanedione: A Sustainable Route to High Energy Density Jet Fuels
Authors: Woodroffe Josanne‐Dee , Harvey Benjamin G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe sustainable, bio‐based, platform chemical, 2,5‐hexanedione [HD (1)], was efficiently converted to methylcyclopentadiene [MCPD (4)] through a three‐step process consisting of intramolecular aldol condensation, catalytic chemoselective hydrogenation, and dehydration. Base‐catalyzed aldol condensation of 1 resulted in the formation of 3‐methyl‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐one [MCO (2)], which was then converted to 3‐methyl‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐ol [MCP (3)] by chemoselective reduction with a ternary Ru catalyst system [RuCl2(PPh3)3/NH2(CH2)2NH2/KOH]. The hydrogenation proceeded with 96 % chemoselectivity. 3 was then dehydrated over AlPO4/MgSO4 at 70 °C under reduced pressure to yield 4, which can undergo an ambient temperature [4+2]‐Diels‐Alder cyclization to generate dimethyldicyclopentadiene (DMDCPD), a commodity chemical useful for the preparation of high‐performance fuels and polymers. Through this approach, advanced jet fuels and materials can be conveniently produced from sustainable cellulosic feedstocks.
Associations between early life stress and anterior pituitary gland volume development – A novel index of long‐term hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis functioning
Authors: Díaz‐Arteche Carmela , Simmons Julian G. , Ganella Despina E. , Schwartz Orli , Kim Jee Hyun , Farrow Paige , Whittle Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious research has established associations between early life stress (ELS) and altered pituitary gland volume (PGV) growth during adolescence. The pituitary gland, however, is composed of an anterior and a posterior lobe with distinct histological and neuroendocrinological properties. While the anterior (but not posterior) pituitary gland is directly involved in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPAA) stress response, no studies have examined the effects of ELS on anterior PGV (aPGV). The present study investigated whether previously reported associations between ELS and PGV development during adolescence were driven by aPGV versus posterior PGV (pPGV). Ninety‐one adolescents (49 males) were included from a longitudinal, community‐based adolescent development study investigating risk for psychopathology. ELS (maternal affective behavior, childhood maltreatment, stressful life events) was assessed during early adolescence. Participants underwent two waves of structural magnetic resonance imaging during mid‐ and late‐adolescence, and aPGV and pPGV were manually traced. Regression analyses showed that childhood maltreatment predicted greater aPGV growth in females. This finding was stronger than that previously reported for PGV. No associations were found between ELS and pPGV development. Neither aPGV nor pPGV changes mediated associations between ELS and psychopathology. Results suggest that ELS may accelerate aPGV (but not pPGV) growth throughout adolescence. Investigating the development of aPGV, rather than PGV, represents a novel approach to studying the effects of stress on HPAA functioning.
Loss and resiliency of social amoeba symbiosis under simulated warming
Authors: Shu Longfei , Qian Xinye , Brock Debra A. , Geist Katherine S. , Queller David C. , Strassmann Joan E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic global change is increasingly raising concerns about collapses of symbiotic interactions worldwide. Therefore, understanding how climate change affects symbioses remains a challenge and demands more study. Here, we look at how simulated warming affects the social ameba Dictyostelium discoideum and its relationship with its facultative bacterial symbionts, Paraburkholderia hayleyella and Paraburkholderia agricolaris. We cured and cross‐infected ameba hosts with different symbionts. We found that warming significantly decreased D. discoideum's fitness, and we found no sign of local adaptation in two wild populations. Experimental warming had complex effects on these symbioses with responses determined by both symbiont and host. Neither of these facultative symbionts increases its hosts’ thermal tolerance. The nearly obligate symbiont with a reduced genome, P. hayleyella, actually decreases D. discoideum's thermal tolerance and even causes symbiosis breakdown. Our study shows how facultative symbioses may have complex responses to global change.
Environmental influences on migration patterns and pathways of a threatened potamodromous fish in a regulated lowland river network
Authors: Koster Wayne Michael , Stuart Ivor , Tonkin Zeb , Dawson David , Fanson Ben 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn riverine ecosystems, movements of biota among different parts of the river network are fundamental to the functioning and sustainability of populations, especially for fish. Globally, human activities (e.g., dam construction and altered flow regimes) have impaired riverine fish movements through reduced river connectivity, leading to well‐documented population declines. This study examined the timing and extent of movement of a nationally threatened potamodromous fish, silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), among different parts of the mid‐Murray River network in south‐eastern Australia using acoustic telemetry to identify the relative importance of different environmental variables (including river discharge) influencing timing and extent of movements. A total of 203 silver perch (fork length range 120–415 mm) was tagged in the Murray River. Silver perch occupied extended reaches of river (hundreds of kilometres) and multiple habitats throughout the river network, ranging from a large mainstem river to inflowing tributaries, anabranches and floodplain habitats. Movements were associated with aspects of the flow regime, such as small to moderate mainstem discharge rises and elevated tributary discharge. These results emphasise the importance of managing silver perch populations within an integrated riverscape context rather than solely focusing on reach/river scales. The inter‐relationship between silver perch movement and river discharge highlights the susceptibility of the species to river regulation, which has previously been implicated in its decline. The information on migratory behaviours in this study provides empirical evidence to support refinement and implementation of targeted restoration strategies, such as environmental flows, to assist the management and conservation of an imperilled species.
Warming of alpine tundra enhances belowground production and shifts community towards resource acquisition traits
Authors: Yang Yan , Klein Julia A. , Winkler Daniel E. , Peng Ahui , Lazarus Brynne E. , Germino Matthew J. , Suding Katharine N. , Smith Jane G. , Kueppers Lara M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate warming is expected to stimulate plant growth in high‐elevation and high‐latitude ecosystems, significantly increasing aboveground net primary production (ANPP). However, the effects of simultaneous changes in temperature, snowmelt timing, and summer water availability on total net primary production (NPP)—and elucidation of both above‐ and belowground responses—remain an important area in need of further study. In particular, measures of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) are required to understand whether ANPP changes reflect changes in allocation or are indicative of a whole plant NPP response. Further, plant functional traits provide a key way to scale from the individual plant to the community level and provide insight into drivers of NPP responses to environmental change. We used infrared heaters to warm an alpine plant community at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, and applied supplemental water to compensate for soil water loss induced by warming. We measured ANPP, BNPP, and leaf and root functional traits across treatments after 5 yr of continuous warming. Community‐level ANPP and total NPP (ANPP + BNPP) did not respond to heating or watering, but BNPP increased in response to heating. Heating decreased community‐level leaf dry matter content and increased total root length, indicating a shift in strategy from resource conservation to acquisition in response to warming. Water use efficiency (WUE) decreased with heating, suggesting alleviation of moisture constraints that may have enabled the plant community to increase productivity. Heating may have decreased WUE by melting snow earlier and creating more days early in the growing season with adequate soil moisture, but stimulated dry mass investment in roots as soils dried down later in the growing season. Overall, this study highlights how ANPP and BNPP responses to climate change can diverge, and encourages a closer examination of belowground processes, especially in alpine systems, where the majority of NPP occurs belowground.
Torque control of a series elastic actuator using an ultrasonic motor with angular‐velocity saturation
Authors: Nakamura Toshiya , Yashiro Daisuke , Yubai Kazuhiro , Komada Satoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA series elastic actuator (SEA) using an ultrasonic motor (USM) and an elastic element has attracted attention as a compact actuator with high torque–weight ratio and high force control performance. However, an elastic element in a SEA often causes mechanical vibrations. To suppress these vibrations, studies implemented the state feedback of the motor‐ and load‐side angles. However, as the controller has many integrators, the control system becomes unstable when the angular‐velocity of the USM is saturated. Therefore, in this study, integrators in the controller were reduced in number. Furthermore, a limit error feedback controller was designed to suppress the windup phenomenon caused by the integrators. The frequency analysis using a describing function showed that stability is guaranteed even if the angular‐velocity is saturated. In addition, the experimental results indicate that an overshoot of the torque response is suppressed.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate host immune response to Citrobacter rodentium induced colitis in colon‐draining lymph nodes
Authors: Pöysti Sakari , Silojärvi Satu , Toivonen Raine , Hänninen Arno 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are first in line to sense invading microbes and to deliver signals to other immune cells. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) produce high amounts of type I interferons (IFNs) but also regulate immune responses. Using the Clec4C (BDCA2)‐diphtheria toxin receptor mouse model allowing conditional pDC depletion, we identified an essential role for pDCs in regulating intestinal inflammation locally in the gut. In pDC‐depleted mice, Citrobacter rodentium infection led to enhanced activation of conventional DCs and induction of IFN‐γ‐producing Th1‐cells in colon‐draining lymph nodes, while induction of Foxp3+/CD25+ Treg and IL‐17‐producing Th17 cells was impaired. Concomitantly, F4/80+ macrophages accumulated into the colon lamina propria in excess, and levels of Il‐1β and Tnf transcripts increased and Foxp3+ Treg were fewer. Our results indicate that pDCs control inflammation in the gut during C. rodentium infection and that they have an important immune regulatory role in colon‐draining lymph nodes.