bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Cognitive and Vestibular Impairment in Seniors Experiencing Falls
Authors: Varriano Brenda , Sulway Shaleen , Wetmore Curtis , Dillon Wanda , Misquitta Karen , Multani Namita , Anor Cassandra , Martinez Maria , Cacchione Elena , Rutka John , Tartaglia Maria Carmela 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Falls are a growing concern in seniors (≥65 yrs). Cognitive impairment (CI) and vestibular impairment (VI) increase fall risk. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of CI and VI in seniors experiencing falls.Methods:Participants (≥65 yrs) with falls were recruited from Falls Prevention Programs (FPPs) and a Memory Clinic (MC). CI was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment at FPPs. VI was assessed at an MC and FFPs using the Head Impulse- (video + bedside), Headshake-, Dix-Hallpike test, and test of sensory interaction in balance. Questionnaires included Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC).Results:Of 41 participants (29 FPPs, 12 MC); mean age was 80.1 ± 7.1 years, and 58.5% were female. Overall, 82.9% had VI. At FPPs, 76.0% had CI, and 72.3% had CI + VI. Bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH) was more common than unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) (70.6% vs. 29.4%); p = 0.016. Dizziness Handicap (DHI) was not different between those with a VI (23.5 ± 23.9) versus without VI [PVI + no impairment] (10.0 ± 15.4); p = 0.160. Balance confidence (ABC) was lowest in VI but not significantly different between those with a VI (63.4 ± 27.3) versus without VI [PVI + no impairment] (85.0 ± 16.5); p = 0.053.Conclusions:VI and CI are prevalent in seniors experiencing falls. For seniors with history of falls, both cognitive and vestibular functions should be considered in the assessment and subsequent treatment. Screening enables earlier detection, targeted interventions, and prevention, reducing the clinical and financial impact.
Patients' perceptions of self-management of high blood pressure in three low- and middle-income countries: findings from the BPMONITOR study
Authors: Al-Rousan Tala , Pesantes M. Amalia , Dadabhai Sufia , Kandula Namratha R. , Huffman Mark D. , Miranda J. Jaime , Vidal-Perez Rafael , Dzudie Anastase , Anderson Cheryl A. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for global disease burden. Self-management of high blood pressure (BP) through self-monitoring and self-titration of medications, has proved to be one successful and cost-effective tool to achieve better BP control in many high-income countries but not much is known about its potential in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used semi-structured questionnaires and focus groups in three LMICs; Peru, Cameroon and Malawi to examine perceptions and attitudes of patients diagnosed with essential hypertension towards living with hypertension, BP measurement and treatment, patient–physician relationship and opinions about self-management of high blood pressure. Results in all three countries were comparable. Patients showed varied levels of health literacy related to hypertension. BP measurement habits were mostly affected by resources available and caregiver support. Treatment and adherence to it were primarily affected by cost. Most patients were welcoming of the idea of self-management but skeptical about the ability to do self-monitoring accurately and the safety involving self-titration of medications.
The Ediacaran frondose fossilArboreafrom the Shibantan limestone of South China
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Pang Ke , Chen Zhe , Wan Bin , Xiao Shuhai , Zhou Chuanming , Yuan Xunlai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBituminous limestone of the Ediacaran Shibantan Member of the Dengying Formation (551–539 Ma) in the Yangtze Gorges area contains a rare carbonate-hosted Ediacara-type macrofossil assemblage. This assemblage is dominated by the tubular fossilWutubusChen et al., 2014 and discoidal fossils, e.g.,HiemaloraFedonkin, 1982 andAspidellaBillings, 1872, but frondose organisms such asCharniaFord, 1958,RangeaGürich, 1929, andArboreaGlaessner and Wade, 1966 are also present. Herein, we report four species ofArboreafrom the Shibantan assemblage, including the type speciesArborea arborea(Glaessner in Glaessner and Daily, 1959) Glaessner and Wade, 1966,Arborea denticulatanew species, and two unnamed species,Arboreasp. A andArboreasp. B.Arborea arboreais the most abundant frond in the Shibantan assemblage.Arborea denticulatan. sp. resemblesArborea arboreain general morphology but differs in its fewer primary branches and lower length/width ratio of primary branches.Arboreasp. A andArboreasp. B are fronds with aHiemalora-type basal attachment. Sealing by microbial mats and authigenic cementation may have played an important role in the preservation ofArboreain the Shibantan assemblage. The Shibantan material ofArboreaextends the stratigraphic, ecological, and taphonomic ranges of this genus.UUID:http://zoobank.org/554f21da-5f09-4891-9deb-cbc00c41e5f1
ON EXTENSIONS OF PARTIAL ISOMORPHISMS
Authors: ETEDADIALIABADI MAHMOOD , GAO SU 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study a notion of HL-extension (HL standing for Herwig–Lascar) for a structure in a finite relational language
$\mathcal {L}$
. We give a description of all finite minimal HL-extensions of a given finite
$\mathcal {L}$
-structure. In addition, we study a group-theoretic property considered by Herwig–Lascar and show that it is closed under taking free products. We also introduce notions of coherent extensions and ultraextensive
$\mathcal {L}$
-structures and show that every countable
$\mathcal {L}$
-structure can be extended to a countable ultraextensive structure. Finally, it follows from our results that the automorphism group of any countable ultraextensive
$\mathcal {L}$
-structure has a dense locally finite subgroup.
HOW STRONG ARE SINGLE FIXED POINTS OF NORMAL FUNCTIONS?
Authors: FREUND ANTON 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper by M. Rathjen and the present author it has been shown that the statement “every normal function has a derivative” is equivalent to
$\Pi ^1_1$
-bar induction. The equivalence was proved over
$\mathbf {ACA_0}$
, for a suitable representation of normal functions in terms of dilators. In the present paper, we show that the statement “every normal function has at least one fixed point” is equivalent to
$\Pi ^1_1$
-induction along the natural numbers.
Independent living with mobility restrictions: older people's perceptions of their out-of-home mobility
Authors: Luoma-Halkola Henna , Häikiö Liisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe studied older people's perceptions of how they organise their out-of-home mobility and independent living when they face mobility restrictions, based on seven focus groups with older people (N = 28) from a suburb in Finland. This article provides an everyday life view of how the ability to move outside the home evolves through interdependencies between older people and their neighbourhoods, social relations and societal arrangements. Our findings show that supportive socio-material surroundings can provide older people with new ways to move outside their home despite mobility restrictions and new ways to organise their daily life with decreased mobility. In contrast, restrictive socio-material surroundings can lead to situations in which older people forgo certain out-of-home journeys and activities. The findings contribute to an understanding that organising one's daily life and out-of-home mobility is an act of interdependence. Policies promoting independent living in old age should recognise these fundamental interdependencies and support versatile ways of living rather than overemphasise activity and self-reliance. Based on older people's everyday life perspectives, both sides of the coin need to be considered: how to enable the out-of-home mobility of older people facing mobility restrictions and how to support them in managing and enjoying daily life with decreased mobility.
Mathematical model describing CoViD-19 in São Paulo, Brazil – evaluating isolation as control mechanism and forecasting epidemiological scenarios of release
Authors: Yang H. M. , Lombardi Junior L. P. , Castro F. F. M. , Yang A. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn São Paulo, Brazil, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (CoViD-19) was confirmed on 26 February, the first death due to CoViD-19 was registered on 16 March, and on 24 March, São Paulo implemented the isolation of persons in non-essential activities. A mathematical model was formulated based on non-linear ordinary differential equations considering young (60 years old or less) and elder (60 years old or more) subpopulations, aiming to describe the introduction and dissemination of the new coronavirus in São Paulo. This deterministic model used the data collected from São Paulo to estimate the model parameters, obtainingR0= 6.8 for the basic reproduction number. The model also allowed to estimate that 50% of the population of São Paulo was in isolation, which permitted to describe the current epidemiological status. The goal of isolation implemented in São Paulo to control the rapid increase of the new coronavirus epidemic was partially succeeded, concluding that if isolation of at least 80% of the population had been implemented, the collapse in the health care system could be avoided. Nevertheless, the isolated persons must be released one day. Based on this model, we studied the potential epidemiological scenarios of release by varying the proportions of the release of young and elder persons. We also evaluated three different strategies of release: All isolated persons are released simultaneously, two and three releases divided in equal proportions. The better scenarios occurred when young persons are released, but maintaining elder persons isolated for a while. When compared with the epidemic without isolation, all strategies of release did not attain the goal of reducing substantially the number of hospitalisations due to severe CoViD-19. Hence, we concluded that the best decision must be postponing the beginning of the release.
A brief clinical report documenting a novel therapeutic technique (MEmory Specificity Training, MEST) for depression: a summary of two pilot randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sadat Zia Mahsa , Afkhami Elham , Taher Neshat-Doost Hamid , Tavakoli Mahgol , Mehrabi Kooshki Hossein Ali , Jobson Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:Depression has a profound effect on quality of life (QoL) and is associated with rumination, hopelessness and social difficulties. It is important to explore novel intervention techniques that may reduce depression, and also improve rumination, hope and QoL.Aims:In this brief clinical report, we report the findings of two pilot randomized controlled trials examining the feasibility of a potentially important novel clinical technique (MEmory Specificity Training, MEST) on depression, social problem-solving (Study 1), rumination, hope and QoL (Study 2).Method:In Study 1, Iranian women with depression (n = 24) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Means-Ends Problem-Solving test at baseline, post-training and 2-month follow-up. In Study 2, female students with moderate depression (n = 24) completed the Ruminative Response Scale, Adult Hope Scale and Short-Form Health Survey at baseline and post-training. Assessors were blind to group allocation. In both studies participants were randomly assigned to MEST or a non-active control group.Results:In both studies, MEST was found to be feasible and associated with low drop-out rates and high rates of self-reported patient and group facilitator satisfaction. There was preliminary evidence that MEST may bring about clinical benefit in terms of depression, social problem-solving (Study 1), QoL, rumination and hope (Study 2).Conclusions:MEST is a promising technique in the treatment of depression.
Food insecurity is associated with compromised dietary intake and quality among Lebanese mothers: findings from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Jomaa Lamis H , Naja Farah A , Kharroubi Samer A , Diab-El-Harake Marwa H , Hwalla Nahla C 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:Examine the associations between household food insecurity (HFI) with sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary intakes of mothers.Design:Cross-sectional survey (2014–2015). In addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire, data collection included the validated Arabic version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, which was used to evaluate HFI. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall of a single habitual day, and maternal BMI was calculated based on weight and height measurements. Associations between HFI and maternal dietary intake (food groups, energy and macronutrients’ intake) were examined. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between HFI status with odds of maternal overweight and measures of diet quality and diversity (Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W)).Setting:Lebanon.Participants:Mothers, nationally representative sample of Lebanese households with children (n1204).Results:HFI was experienced among almost half of the study sample. Correlates of HFI were low educational attainment, unemployment and crowding. Significant inverse associations were observed between HFI and dietary HEI (OR 0·64, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·90,P= 0·011) and MDD-W (OR 0·6, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·85,P= 0·004), even after adjusting for socioeconomic correlates. No significant association was observed between HFI and odds of maternal overweight status.Conclusions:HFI was associated with compromised maternal dietary quality and diversity. Findings highlight the need for social welfare programmes and public health interventions to alleviate HFI and promote overall health and wellbeing of mothers.
‘Big Data’ in animal health research – opportunities and challenges
Authors: MacInnes Janet I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAutomated systems for high-input data collection and data storage have led to exponential growth in the availability of information. Such datasets and the tools applied to them have been referred to as ‘big data’. Starting with a systematic review of the terms ‘informatics, bioinformatics and big data’ in animal health this special issue of AHRR illustrates some big-data applications with papers on how the use of various omics methods may be used to facilitate the development of improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines for foodborne pathogens in poultry and on how a better understanding of rumen microbiota could lead to improved feed absorption while minimizing methane production. Other papers in this issue cover the use of big data modeling in dairy cattle for more effective disease interventions and machine learning tools for livestock breeding. The final two reviews describe the use of big data in better vector-borne pathogen forecasts with canine seroprevalence maps and modeling approaches to understand the transmission of avian influenza virus. Although a lot of technical and ethical issues remain with the use of big data, these reviews illustrate the tremendous potential that big-data systems have to revolutionize animal health research.
Forcing Dependence of Atmospheric Lapse Rate Changes Dominates Residual Polar Warming in Solar Radiation Management Climate Scenarios
Authors: Henry Matthew , Merlis Timothy M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSimulations of solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering using comprehensive general circulation models show a residual surface warming at high latitudes. Previous work attributes this to the difference in forcing structure between the increase in greenhouse gases and decrease in insolation, but this neglects the role of the induced reduction in atmospheric energy transport. Here we show that the difference in vertical structure of temperature change between increasing CO2, decreasing insolation, and decreasing atmospheric energy transport is the dominant reason for the residual near‐surface warming at high latitudes. A single‐column model (SCM) is used to decompose the high‐latitude temperature change and shows the importance of the enhanced near‐surface warming from the CO2 increase in explaining the residual polar warming. This suite of models invites caution when attributing high‐latitude surface temperature changes to the lapse rate feedback, as various forcings and nonlocal processes affect the vertical structure of temperature change differently.
Lithospheric Thickening Controls the Ongoing Growth of Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence From P and S Receiver Functions
Authors: Zhang Chen , Guo Zhen , Chen Yongshun John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe determined the lithospheric structure of northeastern Tibet using a receiver function study along a long north‐south profile. Our most important finding is that significant lithospheric thickening is observed beneath the growing northeastern Tibetan plateau, while the lithosphere is relatively thin beneath the well‐developed portions of Tibetan Plateau and Asian continent. These observations also detect a contrasting lithospheric structure across the South Qilian suture. Abrupt steps in the Moho and lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary across this suture indicate that the South Qilian suture is a major tectonic boundary that might cut through the entire lithosphere. This study shows the importance of mantle lithospheric thickening in controlling the growth of Tibetan Plateau.
Ionospheric Plasma Density Oscillation Related to EMIC Pc1 Waves
Authors: Kim Hyangpyo , Shiokawa Kazuo , Park Jaeheung , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Miyashita Yukinaga , Stolle Claudia , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Matzka Jürgen , Buchert Stephan , Fromm Tanja , Hwang Junga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the first observation of plasma density oscillations coherent with magnetic Pc1 waves. Swarm satellites observed compressional Pc1 wave activity in the 0.5–3 Hz band, which was coherent with in situ plasma density oscillations. Around the Pc1 event location, the Antarctic Neumayer Station III (L ~ 4.2) recorded similar Pc1 events in the horizontal component while NOAA‐15 observed isolated proton precipitations at energies above 30 keV. All these observations support that the compressional Pc1 waves at Swarm are oscillations converted from electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves coming from the magnetosphere. The magnetic field and plasma density oscillate in‐phase. We compared the amplitudes of density and magnetic field oscillations normalized to background values and found that the density power is much larger than the magnetic field power. This difference cannot be explained by a simple magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, although steep horizontal/vertical gradients of background ionospheric density can partly reconcile the discrepancy.
High N2 Fixation in and Near the Gulf Stream Consistent with a Circulation Control on Diazotrophy
Authors: Palter Jaime B. , Ames Elana J. , Benavides Mar , Gonçalves Neto Afonso , Granger Julie , Moisander Pia H. , Watkins‐Brandt Katie S. , White Angelicque E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe stoichiometry of physical nutrient supply may provide a constraint on the spatial distribution and rate of marine nitrogen (N2) fixation. Yet agreement between the N2 fixation rates inferred from nutrient supply and those directly measured has been lacking. The relative transport of phosphate and nitrate across the Gulf Stream suggests that 3–6 Tg N year−1 must be fixed to maintain steady nutrient stoichiometry in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Here we show direct measurements of N2 fixation consistent with these estimates, suggesting elevated N2 fixation in and near the Gulf Stream. At some locations across the Gulf Stream, we measured diazotroph abundances and N2 fixation rates that are 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than previously measured in the central North Atlantic subtropical gyre. In combination, rate measurements and gene abundances suggest that biogeochemical budgets can be a robust predictive tool for N2 fixation hot spots in the global ocean.
Quantifying the Influence of Cloud Radiative Feedbacks on Arctic Surface Warming Using Cloud Locking in an Earth System Model
Authors: Middlemas E. A. , Kay J. E. , Medeiros B. M. , Maroon E. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of clouds on amplified Arctic surface warming remains an important unsolved research problem. Here, this cloud influence is directly quantified by disabling cloud radiative feedbacks or “cloud locking” within a state‐of‐the‐art and well‐documented model. Through comparison of idealized greenhouse warming experiments with and without cloud locking, the influence of Arctic and global cloud feedbacks is assessed. Global cloud feedbacks increase both global and Arctic warming by around 25%. In contrast, disabling Arctic cloud feedbacks has a negligible influence on both Arctic and global surface warming. Interestingly, the sum of noncloud radiative feedbacks does not change with either global or Arctic‐only cloud locking. Notably, the influence of Arctic cloud feedbacks is likely underestimated, because, like many models, the model used here underestimates high‐latitude supercooled cloud liquid. More broadly, this work demonstrates the value of regional and global cloud locking in a well‐characterized model.
Are Results in Geomorphology Reproducible?
Authors: Church M. , Dudill A. , Venditti J. G. , Frey P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere recently has arisen substantial concern for the reproducibility of scientific findings, but the discussion has not significantly impacted Earth science. We consider repetition, replication, and reproducibility in Earth science, using an example from geomorphology. Repetition repeats the program of observations in the same exercise to establish precision of results. Replication is duplication of observations using similar resources but in an independent program. Reproduction is confirmation of scientific principles using different resources in an independent program. We conclude that results will mainly be limited to reproduction—confirmation of principles—and that this is the essential goal for advancing the science. We illustrate these concepts by review of our experiments on the infiltration of fine grains in flowing water into a bed of coarser grains, conducted using glass beads in a laboratory flume.