bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moderation effect of identity exploration and basic psychological needs satisfaction on flourishing of Chinese rural children
Authors: Guo Sijia , Cheung Chau Kiu Jacky , Hu Jieyi , Ning Xuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost studies equate children’s mental health to a state of flourishing, which is a positive feeling and functions in their lives. Identity exploration and the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs are universal and crucial indicators of children’s flourishing. First, according to identity crisis theory, children in the pre-adolescence period begin to explore their own identities, a process which significantly affects their development and flourishing. Meanwhile, self-determination theory points out that the basic psychological needs, namely the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, are essential for children’s development and flourishing in the worldwide. Accordingly, this study examined how identity exploration affects the flourishing of rural children in China, one kind of collectivism cultural contexts, with the interaction effect of identity exploration and basic psychological needs satisfaction. To understand the interaction effect of identity exploration and basic psychological needs satisfaction on rural children’s flourishing, we form a theoretical framework combining identity crisis theory and self-determination theory. Both these two theories emphasize the importance of self in facilitating mental health and the development of functioning. Specifically, identity crisis theory focuses on intrapsychic process, while self-determination theory stresses the influence of the surrounding environment on the individual, which provides a solid foundation for integrating these two theories to explore rural children’s flourishing in China. Accordingly, this study collected 520 left-behind children and 475 other rural children in Liaoning Province in Mainland of China, and used regression analysis to measure the associations among variables. This study found that identity exploration and basic psychological needs satisfaction positively affect rural children’s flourishing respectively, while their interaction effects negatively affect on their flourishing.
The impact of predictability on dual-task performance and implications for resource-sharing accounts
Authors: Broeker Laura , Ewolds Harald , de Oliveira Rita F. , Künzell Stefan , Raab Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of predictability on dual-task performance by systematically manipulating predictability in either one of two tasks, as well as between tasks. According to capacity-sharing accounts of multitasking, assuming a general pool of resources two tasks can draw upon, predictability should reduce the need for resources and allow more resources to be used by the other task. However, it is currently not well understood what drives resource-allocation policy in dual tasks and which resource allocation policies participants pursue. We used a continuous tracking task together with an audiomotor task and manipulated advance visual information about the tracking path in the first experiment and a sound sequence in the second experiments (2a/b). Results show that performance predominantly improved in the predictable task but not in the unpredictable task, suggesting that participants did not invest more resources into the unpredictable task. One possible explanation was that the re-investment of resources into another task requires some relationship between the tasks. Therefore, in the third experiment, we covaried the two tasks by having sounds 250 ms before turning points in the tracking curve. This enabled participants to improve performance in both tasks, suggesting that resources were shared better between tasks.
How a picture becomes a word: individual differences in the development of language-mediated visual search
Authors: Chabal Sarah , Hayakawa Sayuri , Marian Viorica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the course of our lifetimes, we accumulate extensive experience associating the things that we see with the words we have learned to describe them. As a result, adults engaged in a visual search task will often look at items with labels that share phonological features with the target object, demonstrating that language can become activated even in non-linguistic contexts. This highly interactive cognitive system is the culmination of our linguistic and visual experiences—and yet, our understanding of how the relationship between language and vision develops remains limited. The present study explores the developmental trajectory of language-mediated visual search by examining whether children can be distracted by linguistic competitors during a non-linguistic visual search task. Though less robust compared to what has been previously observed with adults, we find evidence of phonological competition in children as young as 8 years old. Furthermore, the extent of language activation is predicted by individual differences in linguistic, visual, and domain-general cognitive abilities, with the greatest phonological competition observed among children with strong language abilities combined with weaker visual memory and inhibitory control. We propose that linguistic expertise is fundamental to the development of language-mediated visual search, but that the rate and degree of automatic language activation depends on interactions among a broader network of cognitive abilities.
Improvement of the optical properties after surface error correction of aluminium mirror surfaces
Authors: Ulitschka M. , Bauer J. , Frost F. , Arnold T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIon beam finishing techniques of aluminium mirrors have a high potential to meet the increasing demands on applications of high-performance mirror devices for visible and ultraviolet spectral range. Reactively driven ion beam machining using oxygen and nitrogen gases enables the direct figure error correction up to 1 μm machining depth while preserving the initial roughness. However, the periodic turning mark structures, which result from preliminary device shaping by single-point diamond turning, often limit the applicability of mirror surfaces in the short-periodic spectral range. Ion beam planarization with the aid of a sacrificial layer is a promising process route for surface smoothing, resulting in successfully reduction of the turning mark structures. A combination with direct surface smoothing to perform a subsequent improvement of the microroughness is presented with a special focus on roughness evolution, chemical composition, and optical surface properties. As a result, an ion beam based process route is suggested, which allows almost to recover the reflective properties and an increased long-term stability of smoothed aluminium surfaces.
Cardiac function and cognitive function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Vahedi Ensieh , Khosravi Arezoo , Alizadian Rahman , Badri Taleb 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study was designed to evaluate echocardiographic findings in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cognitive impairment and compare it with the control group.

Methods
Sixty-seven OSA patients and 52 group of healthy controls were evaluated prospectively by Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaire and trans-thoracic echocardiography.

Results
The cognitive impairment and diastolic dysfunction were 19.6% (P = .002) and 18.4% (P = .016) more prevalent in OSA group compared to the control group. The mean tricuspid regurgitant gradient, pulmonary artery size, and transmitral A velocity were higher, but mean right ventricular peak systolic velocity, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), fractional area change (FAC), transmitral E/A ratio, and annular E’ velocity were lower in the OSA group than the control group. Comparing the patients with and without cognitive disorders, showed significant differences regarding the size of right atrium, TAPSE and FAC (P < .05).

Conclusions
OSA patients need accurate cardiac examinations, early diagnosis, and interventions to prevent the progression of cardiac dysfunction, especially older male patients with higher BMI and impaired cognition. Further studies are needed to determine the exact link between the OSA, obesity, and cardiac physiology.
Comparative analysis of the antioxidant capacity and lipid and protein oxidation of soy and oats beverages
Authors: Moretto Laura , Tonolo Federica , Folda Alessandra , Scalcon Valeria , Bindoli Alberto , Bellamio Marco , Feller Emiliano , Rigobello Maria Pia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Soy (Glycine max) and oats (Avena sativa) are plant sources used in milk-alternative beverages. However, protein and lipid constituents of these food matrices can undergo alterations during the storage. In this work, a commercial formulation of soy and oat-based beverages were comparatively evaluated. During the 12 months of shelf life and two following months, their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation and protein breakdown were assessed. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of soy and oat-based beverages were maintained during the entire period of 14 months. Both beverages did not show any increase in spontaneous lipid peroxidation beyond the basal level, however, due to the different content of unsaturated fats, when lipid peroxidation was stimulated, soy exhibited a major peroxidizability with respect to oat beverage. Oxidative alteration of proteins, estimated as carbonyl group formation, presented no increase with respect to the basal levels both in soy and oat beverages for all 14 months. Finally, soy proteins showed a gradual increase of proteolytic activity up until half of the shelf life, while oat did not show significant changes in protein fragmentation. In conclusion, both soy and oat beverages resulted oxidatively stable throughout their storage. We suggest that phytochemicals might guarantee the oxidative stability of the product, possibly in combination with antioxidant bioactive peptides, which already have well-known benefits on human health.

Graphical abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: clinical expression, complication, course, and atypical clinical picture
Authors: Oneib Bouchra , Zaimi Ouafae 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon and lethal side effect of neuroleptics. The clinical expression of this syndrome is diverse. Even with criteria diagnosis, it is hard to recognize it easily.
We report a series of 25 cases of NMS among patients hospitalized in psychiatric service at Oujda for 5 years. We have described the clinical characteristics of NMS in these patients, the treatments received, the management, and the course of this syndrome.

Results
Most of the patients are hospitalized for psychotic or affective disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V) criteria. 92% of patients received conventional neuroleptic, and half of them were under the injectable form. No patient took long-acting injectable antipsychotics. 36% of patients received neuroleptics for the first time. NMS appeared in the first week after the admission in psychiatric service among 24 patients. The most common clinical and biological signs were muscular rigidity, the elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and alteration of blood pressure. Other symptoms were found in proportion varied between 24% and 72%. 32% of the patients did not develop complications. One patient developed renal failure. All patients recovered, and no deaths were recorded.

Conclusions
Early recognition of NMS help to rescue patient. It is necessary to detect this syndrome even in the absence of main signs such as fever.
Thermal robustness of biomechanical processes
Authors: Olberding Jeffrey P. , Deban Stephen M. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTTemperature influences many physiological processes that govern life as a result of the thermal sensitivity of chemical reactions. The repeated evolution of endothermy and widespread behavioral thermoregulation in animals highlight the importance of elevating tissue temperature to increase the rate of chemical processes. Yet, movement performance that is robust to changes in body temperature has been observed in numerous species. This thermally robust performance appears exceptional in light of the well-documented effects of temperature on muscle contractile properties, including shortening velocity, force, power and work. Here, we propose that the thermal robustness of movements in which mechanical processes replace or augment chemical processes is a general feature of any organismal system, spanning kingdoms. The use of recoiling elastic structures to power movement in place of direct muscle shortening is one of the most thoroughly studied mechanical processes; using these studies as a basis, we outline an analytical framework for detecting thermal robustness, relying on the comparison of temperature coefficients (Q10 values) between chemical and mechanical processes. We then highlight other biomechanical systems in which thermally robust performance that arises from mechanical processes may be identified using this framework. Studying diverse movements in the context of temperature will both reveal mechanisms underlying performance and allow the prediction of changes in performance in response to a changing thermal environment, thus deepening our understanding of the thermal ecology of many organisms.
Pakistan’s First Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Unit: Characteristics of admitted patients and response to treatment over a 7-year period
Authors: Imran Nazish , Bodla Zubair Hassan , Asif Aftab , Shoukat Rabia , Azeem. Muhammad Waqar 
Published: January 2021

Background & Objective: Child & adolescent mental health needs to be considered as an integral component of overall health, however significant gaps exist in service provision especially inpatient services in Pakistan. The paper presents the characteristics of admitted youths and response to treatment in Pakistan’s first dedicated child & adolescent psychiatry inpatient unit in Lahore over a period of first seven years. The aim of this study was to better understand the various characteristics of children and youth admitted to this inpatient unit and response to treatment over a seven years’ period since the inception of the unit.
Methods: Inpatient medical records of children & adolescents admitted to dedicated Child & Adolescent Inpatient Unit at King Edward Medical University, Lahore were reviewed. Data was extracted regarding referral patterns, sociodemographic factors and diagnosis for the first seven years, from 2012 to 2019. Patients’ scores on Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Clinical Global Impressions Scales administered during intake were also reviewed.
Results: Six hundred and thirty-four (634) patients, 56% (355) being females were admitted to the unit during seven years with mean age of 12.3±2.3. Mean duration of admission was 15.60±6.3 days. Most predominant ICD-10 Axis-I psychiatric diagnosis were neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders (262); mood disorders (78); schizophrenia, schizotypal & delusional disorders (77) and behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (44). One hundred and fifty-nine (25%) children had comorbid diagnosis of intellectual disability on Axis-III. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire scores were in abnormal range for significant proportion (>50 %) of patients. CGI mean scores showed marked improvement at discharge.
Conclusion: Neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders are the most common diagnosis in youth needing inpatient treatment in Pakistani setup. Study results indicate that there is a clear need for specialized inpatient child and adolescent services such as ours in low- & middle-income countries.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2611
How to cite this:Imran N, Bodla ZH, Asif A, Shoukat R, Azeem MW. Pakistan’s First Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Unit: Characteristics of admitted patients and response to treatment over a 7-year period. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):305-311. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2611
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Quantitative Analyses of Skin Cancer Research in Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Syeda Hajrah , Majid Bushra , Syed Sofia Ali , Qureshi Muhammad Asif 
Published: January 2021

In order to investigate the current status of skin cancer research output in Pakistan, International (PubMed) and national (PakMediNet) scientific databases were searched using variety of keywords to retrieve relevant publications. A strict inclusion criterion was applied to select skin cancer publications for final analyses. Data were recorded by two authors and consistent data were entered into SPSS and Microsoft Excel and analyzed for annual growth rate and frequencies. Of 116 articles that were finally included in the study, 74 were original articles, 24 were case-reports, 10 were review articles, three were editorials, two were research communications and one each of case-series, correspondence and response to letter to the editor. The first article on skin cancer from Pakistan was published in 1976 whereas the last article included in our study was published in December 2018. Excluding Karachi, most of the cities have no contribution in the field of skin cancer. Since 1976 to date, the average number of publications per year has been low, with only 2.7 publications per year. Skin cancer research is alarmingly scarce in Pakistan. This calls for immediate attention by all concerned to contribute and devise appropriate measures towards skin cancer research in Pakistan.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2889
How to cite this:Rehman SH, Majid B, Syed SA, Qureshi MA. Quantitative Analyses of Skin Cancer Research in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):582-587. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2889
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and exposure to Ergonomic risk factors among handicraft workers
Authors: Mahmood Wajeeha , Bashir Muhammad Salman , Ehsan Sarah , Qureshi Muhammad Atif 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the association of Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and Exposure to Ergonomic risk factors among handicraft workers.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in a 12 weeks’ duration i.e. from November 2018 till January 2019. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to determine the frequency of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Postural analysis was done using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Data was collected from 100 Handicraft workers and the type of work included Art work (n=18), Ada Work (n=7), botanical arrangement (n=11), Textile, fashion designing and stitching (n=38), Fine arts (n=20), embroidery and knitting (n=6).
Results: The frequency distribution of Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) score for exposure to risk factors showed that 47 participants were at a high risk and required implementation of change. Most of the participants (n=35) reported pain in neck and shoulder (n=29). The chi square test for association between pain in upper extremity and exposure to risk factors showed that only wrist pain had statistically significant association with overall RULA score (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: The study concluded that neck and shoulder are more frequently affected among handicraft workers. The frequency of workers who were at high ergonomic risk and required implementation of change in working conditions was high.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.749
How to cite this:Mahmood W, Bashir MS, Ehsan S, Qureshi MA. Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and exposure to Ergonomic risk factors among handicraft workers. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):494-498. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.749`
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A recall-by-genotype study on polymorphisms in the TMPRSS6 gene and oral iron absorption: a study protocol
Authors: Jallow Momodou W. , Campino Susana , Prentice Andrew M. , Cerami Carla 
Published: January 2021

Background: Oral iron supplementation is commonly used to treat and prevent anaemia. The transmembrane protease serine 6 gene (TMPRSS6), which encodes matriptase 2, is a negative regulator of hepcidin, the key controller of iron homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TMPRSS6 gene that are associated with an increased risk of iron-deficiency anaemia. We will investigate the in vivo effects of three previously reported TMPRSS6 variants (rs855791, rs4820268 and rs2235321) on oral iron absorption in non-anaemic volunteers in The Gambia. Methods: A recall-by-genotype study design will be employed. Pre-genotyped participants will be recruited from the West African BioResouce (WABR), which currently contains over 3000 genotyped individuals. Male and female volunteers will be selected based on polymorphisms (rs855791, rs4820268 and rs2235321) in the TMPRSS6 gene in the Gambian population. The effects of a single variant allele at one SNP and the additive effect of two or three variant alleles from either two or all three SNPs will be investigated. Study participants will be given a single oral dose of 400mg ferrous sulfate, and blood samples will be collected at baseline, two hours and five hours post supplementation. Differences in iron absorption between genotype groups will be assessed by measuring the increase in serum iron concentration at five hours post iron ingestion. Discussion: This study will increase understanding of the role of genetic variations in TMPRSS6 on oral iron absorption in subjects of West African origin. This will test for the biological basis for the association of each of the three TMPRSS6 variants with iron absorption. This may help in guiding future iron intervention strategies, particularly in populations with a high frequency of these SNPs and a high frequency of anaemia. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03341338 14/11/17.