bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated Notes
Authors: Berg Christopher 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Repeated notes are used frequently in compositions for the guitar as a way to provide the illusion of greater sustain or as a technique to add brilliance. Modern guitarists usually think of tremolo technique when they think of repeated notes, but tremolo technique is relatively recent. This chapter documents the practices used by early lutenists and 19th-century guitarists to play repeated notes and it provides material for studying the various ways these musicians developed their techniques. The discussion of Fernando Sor’s use of the right-hand thumb and index finger for repeated notes will be of interest to today’s guitarists. This chapter also explores the ways in which 19th-century guitarists played passages that modern guitarists might assume to be examples of modern tremolo technique. The fingering practices in this chapter are not covered in standard modern method books.
Slurs
Authors: Berg Christopher 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Explanations of slur technique, known also as ligado, in guitar methods tend to be limited. This chapter looks at what Matteo Carcassi and Ferdinando Carulli called “vibration” or “´écho” slurs, which allow players to keep slurs aligned with strong and weak beats. Other composers, such as Felix Horetsky and Mauro Giuliani, indicated slurs that occur across beats as left-hand fingers slur all notes on a string within a position, regardless of the metric divisions. Music in this chapter explores both of these idiomatic techniques. The chapter concludes with an in-depth look at advanced slur technique by examining the relationship between where the left-hand fingertip contacts the string and the path the left-hand finger must take after the slur. Included are original diagrams and original exercises.
Counterpoint
Authors: Berg Christopher 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The technique required to perform counterpoint convincingly on the guitar is not idiomatic to the instrument. Left-hand fingers must be able to sustain one note while other fingers move to form other notes. In order to take advantage of the instrument’s contrapuntal capabilities, guitarists need to design meticulous fingerings that are connected to musical intent for both hands. This chapter first looks at two-voice pieces by Enriquez de Valderrabano, Mauro Giuliani, Marco Aurelio Zani de Ferranti, and Dionisio Aguado and then proceeds to explore pieces by Fernando Sor that make use of freistimmigkeit textures. The chapter concludes with a recercar by Giovanni Maria da Crema and four fantasias by Francesco da Milano, the latter being some of the finest sixteenth-century lute music. Music in this chapter requires increasingly developed left-hand finger independence.
Florid or Virtuoso Études
Authors: Berg Christopher 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Most of the music in The Classical Guitar Companion makes use of the same technique or musical texture throughout. High-level virtuoso playing requires that guitarists become adept at navigating ever-changing musical textures and the techniques required to produce them. Florid or virtuoso études present the challenges of combining and switching between various technical elements, such as arpeggios, scales, slurs, and shifts, at rapid tempi. Of special interest is the brief discussion of “latency” at high speeds, which is applicable to these studies, and how virtuoso players transcend the limits of the central nervous system when initiating a movement or series of movements that must occur in less time than it takes for the signal to move to get from the brain to the hands (100 milliseconds).
What Next?
Authors: Berg Christopher 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The final chapter poses questions to readers who have successfully navigated material in the book in the interests of determining the steps best suited for their long-term artistic development: Do I have the foundational background to study successfully my next repertoire piece? Do I have the experience to make artistic and nuanced decisions, or will my ear be compromised by a struggling, exercise-like reading of a work? Am I only drawn to the type of music that comes easily to me, or am I willing to strike out in new directions? The answers may highlight differences between unexamined received wisdom and critical thinking. It is in these differences that a student’s development as an artist can begin to take flight.
Apollo as a New Paradigm for Kingship
Authors: Brumbaugh Michael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter details how Kallimachos resumes the patron/client discourse from the Hymn to Zeus in the Hymn to Apollo by depicting a hierarchy linking Apollo, the narrator-poet, and the chorus he leads. Here, however, Kallimachos revises the relationship between Apollo and his traditional client. Instead of simply detailing the similarities between the poet and Apollo, as he did in his first hymn, Kallimachos casts the poet as a gatekeeper, controlling access to the god’s transformative gifts. In his place, Kallimachos sets the founder-king as Apollo’s client. In the context of likening “my own king” to Apollo, the narrator-poet issues a gnomic admonition against striving with the gods. Echoing the Iliad, Kallimachos uses the intertext to engage in a discussion about humans with pretentions of godlikeness, in which he implicitly validates Ptolemy’s claims to divinity. By contrast, Kallimachos situates the ἀλιτρός, “transgressor,” in the Hymn to Apollo and the Hymn to Artemis as an anti-client who arrogantly oversteps his bounds. Kallimachos substitutes the harmful strife associated with such transgressors for the conflict traditionally associated with members of the divine family, as in the Homeric Hymns where there are constant reminders of the forces that might bring down Zeus’ regime. Intra-family strife is instead portrayed ironically, as with Artemis and Apollo’s charming sibling rivalry in the third hymn. In this way, Kallimachos depicts the divine family and its clients as unified in their opposition to external enemies who are unambiguously wicked.
Hope in America?
Authors: Stitzlein Sarah M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the contemporary political landscape in America, where political despair is growing as citizens increasingly feel cynical about our political system, skeptical that they can impact public policy, and distrustful of their peers and leaders. It offers insight into some of the conditions causing political despair, including structural inequality, disconnect between polarized citizens, pursuit of personal material goods, and apathy. It shows how citizens often get swept up in campaign rhetoric, but quickly find themselves disappointed because the form of hope they endorse is not one that they actually act on in their lives. It traces presidential campaign slogans and speeches related to hope and suggests that we need a more sustainable alternative in order to truly support democracy.
Hope as Habits
Authors: Stitzlein Sarah M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter explains that hope is not something that one merely holds or asserts, but rather is a way of life. This chapter focuses in on the unique pragmatist view of habits as proclivities and predispositions to act. Drawing on the work of philosopher John Dewey, this chapter explains how habits are formed and nurtured as well as changed through inquiry and reflection. It argues that hope is best understood as a set of habits that predispose citizens toward possibility and change for the betterment of each citizen and, often, others. The chapter explains how this understanding of hope is more deeply social and political than the individualist notions typically used. By linking citizens in action to each other, hope as habits chart new paths for reviving democracy, in part by building trust and agency among citizens. The chapter closes out by noting some of the benefits and shortcomings of a pragmatist account of political hope, some of which are most pronounced in the struggles of citizens of color.
The Legitimacy of Representation
Authors: Dienstag Joshua Foa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance examines the classic democratic paradox and proposes an unusual resolution. How can representation be legitimate, many democratic theorists have asked, when it rests on political exclusions? Rather than a legitimacy that rests on voting rules or legal obligations, we see in this film the bond between a society and its representative forged as an erotic relationship of debt and obligation. A good representative, on this account, is someone who sacrifices part of his or her identity for the sake of others. The means for doing so is a narrative that gathers together reason and power into an expression that ties the representative to the constituents. But this experience is costly for all parties, and it demonstrates the permanent tension between freedom and happiness that is a feature of political pessimism. Representative systems are sustained by our endurance of this tension.
Representing Evil
Authors: Dienstag Joshua Foa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The films of Lars von Trier, especially Europa and Melancholia, grapple with the problem of representing evil and insist that the avoidance of evil is a failure of representation. Evil presents a peculiar problem for any theory of political representation. Is a political society the better for including the representation of evil or avoiding it? Von Trier’s films address this problem by depicting evil as something omnipresent and yet difficult for some to see or to acknowledge. To be a faithful representative in a world that contains evil is not an easy vocation. A representative may have the unpopular task of bringing to light not just what a population says or thinks, but what they are in the whole, for better or worse. A good representative, then, may not be a popular one.
Transcendent Parenting
Authors: Lim Sun Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In digitally connected middle-class households with school-going children, from toddlers through varsity students, the practice of transcendent parenting has arisen. Smartphones and other mobile devices virtually accompany families through all aspects of their everyday existence. The growing sophistication of mobile communication has unleashed a proliferation of apps, channels, and platforms that link parents to their children and key institutions in their lives. Throughout every stage of their children’s development, from infancy to adolescence to emerging adulthood, mobile communication plays an increasingly critical role in family life. Transcendent parenting has emerged in light of significant transformations in the mobile media landscape that allow parents to transcend many realms: the physical distance between them and their children, their children’s offline and online social interaction spaces, as well as timeless time that renders parenting duties ceaseless. In mobile communication, parents parent all over and all of the time, whether their children are by their side or out of sight. Drawing on experiences of urban middle-class families in Asia, this book shows how transcendent parenting embodies and conveys parenting priorities in these households. Paramount are the inculcation of values in their children, oversight of children to protect them from harm, adverse influences, and supporting their children in academic endeavors. It explores how mobile communication allows parents to be more involved than ever in their children’s lives but also questions whether parents have become too involved as a result. It further reflects on the consequences of transcendent parenting for parents’ well-being and children’s personal development.
Transcendent Parenting and the Media-Rich Household
Authors: Lim Sun Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This first chapter introduces the concept of transcendent parenting and how it emerges out of the media-rich household in Asia. It defines transcendent parenting—what constitutes it and how it is manifested in parenting practices through always on, always available mobile media. It then covers the landscape of media use in urban middle-class households in Asia, from China to South Korea to Vietnam, with a focus on Singapore. This is followed by a discussion on typical media-use patterns throughout the child’s life, from preschool to emerging adulthood. It ends with an outline of the remaining book chapters.
The Dropout Prevention Specialist Workbook
Authors: Blonsky Howard M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This workbook is intended for school social workers and others who find themselves in positions either in a school or school district, working in the area of attendance improvement and dropout prevention and recovery. It is intended as a practical guide to going about actually doing this complex, multifaceted, and very important job. Many books and articles have been written regarding why students drop out of school, along with numerous suggestions for how to address this nationwide problem, but none has provided detailed directions for actually going into a school and beginning the task of tackling this challenging problem.
School Climate and Culture and Its Relationship to Dropout Prevention
Authors: Blonsky Howard M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes how a positive school climate can contribute to students bonding with and staying in the school. It also describes how a negative or “toxic” school climate can contribute to the dropout problem. The chapter looks at the important role of teacher(s) and how they contribute to students staying in or leaving school prior to graduation. The chapter also looks at school climate as a “therapeutic intervention.”
Policy as Practice
Authors: Schmidt Patrick 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Policy as Practice: A Guide for Music Educators explores how policy impacts the lives of teachers, arguing that policy participation can matter greatly to how educational experiences are constructed. Articulating a progressive view of policy and its intersection with music education, the book helps the reader to see how policy as a concept and practice has permeated the deepest recesses of civil society and has had particular impact on the lives of those who are actively connected to the educational process. Indeed, for teachers, policy often evokes images of a forbidden or alien environment; it has been seen as above their pay grade, beyond their duties and responsibilities, or outside the reach of their capacities. Nothing, however, could be further from the truth. Challenging these assumptions, the book serves as a guide to those interested in the potential of policy and concerned with rethinking its meaning. Just as critically, it aims to help music teachers understand policy more broadly while providing doorways into policy practice. The goal is not to add policy conceptualization and practice to the myriad other requirements that befall teachers today. Rather, the book aims to position policy thinking and practice as already part of what they do and value, providing tools for music educators to own their place as participants and contributors to the policy process. The book offers a measured argument, providing conceptual and research-based findings in balance with practical exemplification, strengthening music teachers’ impact within learning and professional communities.
Becoming Part of the Policy Process
Authors: Schmidt Patrick 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, a number of issues discussed throughout the book return to the forefront. The chapter presents a final argument as to how policy knowhow is connected to an effort to bring synergy to the professional work of music educators. The chapter further explores these synergies and how they are present in the daily work of music teachers, offering some strategic ways to consider policy as a practice. The main message in this chapter is that schools and communities of learning are interdependent systems, dependent on what our contexts demand and offer. The chapter invites music teachers not to “close their doors” but rather to move toward local policy participation, discovering how they may contribute to the educational environment that surrounds them.
Introduction
Authors: Stanwood Owen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The introduction begins with the story of Élie Neau, to show how Huguenots promoted themselves as religious heroes but were also political actors who used their myriad connections in a world of states and empires to forge a place for themselves over a century of tribulation. Surveying the material of the book, the introduction defines Huguenots as “chosen people” in two senses. They viewed themselves as God’s elect, destined to do great things in the world, but they also promoted themselves as economic chosen people, whose talents could help develop the far reaches of the world in the service of other people’s empires.
Disappearing to Survive
Authors: Stanwood Owen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the wake of war Huguenot communities in the Indies seemed to disappear. Faced with pressures to conform, the refugees and their descendants tended to adopt the language and manners of their English or Dutch neighbors. This chapter examines this assimilation and concludes that it was above all a strategy for survival in an imperial world, one that foretold the transformation but not the end of the Huguenot Refuge. The chapter looks at several case studies of Huguenot communities in the Cape Colony, New York, Virginia, and South Carolina, all of which were marked by disputes between Huguenots and also with their imperial masters, who often sought to undermine Huguenot independence. The results were uneven, however. Huguenots remained attached to their larger cause, even as they became less overt about their separate identity.
Staging Ethnologic Dance
Authors: Kowal Rebekah J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 examines La Meri’s controversial legacy in American concert dance. An Anglo-American dance artist who specialized in Asian and Latin American dance practices, La Meri fashioned herself as a dance polyglot, having studied with instructors at stops along the way of her worldwide performance tours in the 1920s and 1930s. When World War II commenced in Europe, La Meri settled in New York City in 1940 and established herself as one of the world’s foremost ethnologic performers. This chapter investigates debates that surrounded La Meri in the 1940s to illuminate the tensions that developed between so-called ethnic dance and modern dance, on the one hand, and cultural formations of whiteness, on the other.
Introduction
Authors: Kowal Rebekah J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In 1948, New York City celebrated the unification of its five boroughs with a Golden Jubilee Celebration, organized by Grover Whelan, who had directed the 1939 New York World’s Fair. Included in the slate of events was an international dance festival, produced by famed impresario, Sol Hurok. The Introduction investigates the phenomenon of the international dance festival to mobilize its central contentions about the cultural significance of international dance performance and embodied cultural otherness in mid-century America. In this case, the international dance festival amplified New York City’s global cultural dominance while at the same time symbolizing the contributions of diverse peoples to the city’s rich cultural life. Moreover, as illustrated, international dance performance on concert stages in New York City and elsewhere in the US contributed to broad scale national efforts to enhance America’s image on the geopolitical stage. Additionally, the Introduction identifies and defines key terminology used throughout the book and establishes the book’s seminal argument, that aesthetic and cultural debates over the meanings of international dance performances in the mid-century proxy larger national struggles over how to become a diverse and multicultural society.
Deference
Authors: Lawson Gary , Seidman Guy I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Deference is perhaps the most important concept and practice in law. It lies at the core of every system of precedent, appellate review, federalism, and separation of powers, all of which center on how one actor should deal with previous decisions. Oddly enough, deference is also one of the most underanalyzed and undertheorized legal concepts and practices, perhaps because its applications are so varied. This book’s goal is to provide a definition of and vocabulary for deference that can be used to describe, explain, and/or criticize deference in all of its manifestations in the law, including some manifestations that are not always identified by legal actors as instances of deference, such as practices of precedent in which institutional actors consider their own prior decisions. This book undertakes a descriptive and conceptual, not normative or critical, analysis of deference. It leaves to others the question whether deference, in any particular context, is “legitimate” or “bad,” and it does not seek to prescribe whether and how any legal system should apply deference in any specific circumstance or to critique any particular deference doctrines. Rather, it hopes to bring the very concept of deference to the forefront of legal discussion; to identify, catalogue, and analyze at least the chief among its many legal applications; to set forth the many and varied rationales that can be and have been offered in support of (some species of) deference in different legal contexts; and thereby to provide a vocabulary and conceptual framework that can be employed in future projects, whether those projects are descriptive or prescriptive. While this book draws its material almost entirely from American law and practice, we hope in future work, perhaps with the help of other scholars, to expand the study to include the law and practice in other countries and particularly in non-common-law legal systems.
Other Views of the Cathedral
Authors: Lawson Gary , Seidman Guy I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many other authors have attempted to define deference, though none of those definitions were grounded in a full description of the practices of US federal courts. Many of those other efforts were overtly normative, aimed at deriving an ideal structure for deference that can be used to criticize actual practices. Nonetheless, some of those efforts offer valuable insights even for a purely descriptive project. We reject efforts to limit the definition of deference only to instances in which the deferring body changes its decision in some way; mere consideration of another’s decision is sufficient to constitute deference. From Paul Horwitz we take the idea that deferees must be attentive to their role in a system of deference, and from Aileen Kavanaugh we take the idea that deference can sometimes be justified on prudential, or strategic, grounds. But consideration of others’ views does not change our basic definition of deference as: “The giving by a legal actor of some measure of consideration or weight to the decision of another actor in exercising the deferring actor’s function.”