bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCNA Antagonizes Cohesin-dependent Roles in Genomic Stability
Authors: Zuilkoski Caitlin M. , Skibbens Robert V. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTPCNA sliding clamp binds factors through which histone deposition, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair are coupled to DNA replication. PCNA also directly binds Eco1/Ctf7 acetyltransferase, which in turn activates cohesins and establishes cohesion between nascent sister chromatids. While increased recruitment thus explains the mechanism through which elevated levels of chromatin-bound PCNA rescueeco1mutant cell growth, the mechanism through which PCNA instead worsens cohesin mutant cell growth remains unknown. Possibilities include that elevated levels of long-lived chromatin-bound PCNA reduce either cohesin deposition onto DNA or cohesin acetylation. Instead, our results reveal that PCNA increases the levels of both chromatin-bound cohesin and cohesin acetylation. Beyond sister chromatid cohesion, PCNA also plays a critical role genomic stability such that high levels of chromatin-bound PCNA destabilize the DNA replication fork. At a relatively modest increase of chromatin-bound PCNA, however, fork stability and progression appear normal in wildtype cells. Our results reveal that even this moderate increase of PCNA sensitizes cohesin mutant cells to DNA damaging agents and in a process that involves the DNA damage response kinase Mec1(ATR), but not Tel1(ATM). These and other findings document that PCNA mis-regulation results in genome instabilities that normally are resolved by cohesin and suggest that elevating levels of chromatin-bound PCNA may target cohesinopathic cells linked to cancer.
Sailing in rough waters: examining volatility of fMRI noise
Authors: Leppanen Jenni , Stone Henry , Lythgoe David J. , Williams Steven , Horvath Blanka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe assumption that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) noise has constant volatility has recently been challenged by studies examining heteroscedasticity arising from head motion and physiological noise. The present study builds on this work using latest methods from the field of financial mathematics to model fMRI noise volatility.MethodsMulti-echo nd human fMRI scans were used and realised volatility was estimated. The Hurst parameterH∈ (0, 1), which governs the roughness/irregularity of realised volatility time series, was estimated. Calibration ofHwas performed pathwise, using well-established neural network calibration tools.ResultsIn all experiments the volatility calibrated to values within the rough case,H< 0.5, and on average fMRI noise was very rough with 0.03 <H< 0.05. Some edge effects were also observed, wherebyHwas larger near the edges of the phantoms.DiscussionThe findings suggest that fMRI volatility is not only non-constant, but also substantially more irregular than a standard Brownian motion. Thus, further research is needed to examine the impact such pronounced oscillations in the volatility of fMRI noise have on data analyses.
Disruption of Adaptive Immunity Enhances Disease in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Brocato Rebecca L. , Principe Lucia M. , Kim Robert K. , Zeng Xiankun , Williams Janice A. , Liu Yanan , Li Rong , Smith Jeffrey M. , Golden Joseph W. , Gangemi Dave , Youssef Sawsan , Wang Zhongde , Glanville Jacob , Hooper Jay W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnimal models recapitulating human COVID-19 disease, especially with severe disease, are urgently needed to understand pathogenesis and evaluate candidate vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we develop novel severe disease animal models for COVID-19 involving disruption of adaptive immunity in Syrian hamsters. Cyclophosphamide (CyP) immunosuppressed orRAG2knockout (KO) hamsters were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by the respiratory route. Both the CyP-treated andRAG2KO hamsters developed clinical signs of disease that were more severe than in immunocompetent hamsters, notably weight loss, viral loads, and fatality (RAG2KO only). Disease was prolonged in transiently immunosuppressed hamsters and uniformly lethal inRAG2KO hamsters. We evaluated the protective efficacy of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody and found that pretreatment, even in immunosuppressed animals, limited infection. Our results suggest that functional B and/or T cells are not only important for the clearance of SARS-CoV-2, but also play an early role in protection from acute disease.One Sentence SummaryAn antibody targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 limits infection in immunosuppressed Syrian hamster models.
Predatory behaviour as a personality trait in a wild fish population
Authors: Szopa-Comley Andrew W. , Duffield Callum , Ramnarine Indar W. , Ioannou Christos C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsistent inter-individual differences in behaviour (i.e. animal personality variation) can influence a range of ecological and evolutionary processes, including predation. Variation between individual predators in commonly measured personality traits, such as boldness and activity, has previously been linked to encounter rates with their prey. Given the strong selection on predators to respond to prey, individual predators may also vary consistently in their response to prey in a manner that is specific to the context of predation. By studying wild piscivorous fish (pike cichlids,Crenicichla frenata) in their natural environment using experimental presentations of prey and control stimuli, we show that individual predators differ consistently in the amount of time spent near prey. Crucially, these differences were not explained by the behaviour of the same individuals in control presentations (the same apparatus lacking prey), suggesting that variation in the response to prey reflects a ‘predator personality trait’ which is independent from other individual traits (body size, boldness and/or neophobia) and environmental factors. Pike cichlids which spent more time near prey also attacked prey at a higher rate. These findings imply that the risk posed by individual predators cannot always be adequately predicted from typically studied axes of personality variation.
Ciliopathic micrognathia is caused by aberrant skeletal differentiation and remodeling
Authors: Paese Christian Louis Bonatto , Brooks Evan C. , Aarnio-Peterson Megan , Brugmann Samantha A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCiliopathies represent a growing class of diseases caused by defects in microtubule-based organelles called primary cilia. Approximately 30% of ciliopathies can be characterized by craniofacial phenotypes such as craniosynostosis, cleft lip/palate and micrognathia. Patients with ciliopathic micrognathia experience a particular set of difficulties including impaired feeding and breathing and have extremely limited treatment options. To understand the cellular and molecular basis for ciliopathic micrognathia, we utilized thetalpid2(ta2), a bona fide avian model for the human ciliopathy Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome subtype 14 (OFD14). Histological analyses revealed that the onset of ciliopathic micrognathia inta2embryos occurred at the earliest stages of mandibular development. Neural crest-derived skeletal progenitor cells were particularly sensitive to a ciliopathic insult, undergoing unchecked passage through the cell cycle and subsequent increased proliferation. Furthermore, whereas neural crest-derived skeletal differentiation was initiated, osteoblast maturation failed to progress to completion. Additional molecular analyses revealed that an imbalance in the ratio of bone deposition and resorption also contributed to ciliopathic micrognathia inta2embryos. Thus, our results suggest that ciliopathic micrognathia is a consequence of multiple, aberrant cellular processes necessary for skeletal development, and provide potential avenues for future therapeutic treatments.
Learning efficient task-dependent representations with synaptic plasticity
Authors: Bredenberg Colin , Simoncelli Eero P. , Savin Cristina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeural populations do not perfectly encode the sensory world: their capacity is limited by the number of neurons, metabolic and other biophysical resources, and intrinsic noise. The brain is presumably shaped by these limitations, improving efficiency by discarding some aspects of incoming sensory streams, while prefer-entially preserving commonly occurring, behaviorally-relevant information. Here we construct a stochastic recurrent neural circuit model that can learn efficient, task-specific sensory codes using a novel form of reward-modulated Hebbian synaptic plasticity. We illustrate the flexibility of the model by training an initially unstructured neural network to solve two different tasks: stimulus estimation, and stimulus discrimination. The network achieves high performance in both tasks by appropriately allocating resources and using its recurrent circuitry to best compensate for different levels of noise. We also show how the interaction between stimulus priors and task structure dictates the emergent network representations.
Family-managed firms and employment growth during an economic downturn: does their location matter?
Authors: Amato Stefano , Basco Rodrigo , Gómez Ansón Silvia , Lattanzi Nicola 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between family-managed firms and firm employment growth by considering the effects of location and economic crisis as moderating variables.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses random-effect models on a large panel dataset of Spanish manufacturing firms covering 2003 to 2015 to estimate the joint effects of municipality size and economic crisis on firm employment growth.FindingsThe analysis reveals a positive association between family-managed firms and employment growth. However, this association is not uniform across space and time. When it considers location, the study finds that municipality size positively affects employment growth in family-managed firms but not in non-family firms. Additionally, while the study reveals that both firm types experience negative employment growth during the early stage of the global economic crisis (2007–08), it also finds that family-managed firms located in small municipalities downsize less than their non-family counterparts.Originality/valueThis study provides new evidence on the resilience of family-managed firms during economic crises, particularly those located in geographically bounded settings, such as small municipalities. When an adverse event, such as an economic crisis, jeopardizes employment levels, the embedded and trust-based relationships, between a family firm and its community leads them to prioritize employees' claims. However, family-managed firms' commitment to preserve jobs in small municipalities cannot be maintained over the long term; this effect disappears if the economic crisis is protracted. This study sheds new light on family-managed firms' distinctive behavior toward with local communities.
The influence of m-marketing tools on consumer buying process: evidence from the dining sector
Authors: Patsiotis Athanasios , Atik Marwan , Perrea Toula 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper explores the potential impact of mobile marketing tools on consumer buying behaviour within the context of dining. The aim is to examine the influence of mobile marketing tools through their different functions on the stages of the consumer buying process. The study addresses a lack of relevant research with evidence from both customer and supplier perspectives.Design/methodology/approachThe mobile tools that are found useful for dining were considered in this study. Qualitative interviews with marketers and consumer opinion leaders were conducted, given the limited extant research.FindingsThe results reveal that mobile marketing tools influence consumers' decision-making differently and their effect varies according to the customer type. Additionally, it shows that loyalty has a direct influence on mobile marketing effectiveness, as the decision-making process of loyal customers is more affected by mobile marketing tools than the non-loyal customers.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations are mainly based on the qualitative nature of this study and are relevant to the research context. Further research could examine these findings in different service and geographical contexts.Practical implicationsMarketing activity through the smartphone should focus on loyal customers and opinion leaders with the use of appropriate mobile tools.Originality/valueThe study provides empirical evidence on the variable influence of mobile marketing tools on consumer decision-making and develops a conceptual framework. It is also found that loyalty is an important factor that positively affects smartphone tools adoption.
Linkage between social identity creation and social networking site usage: the moderating role of usage intensity
Authors: Upadhyay Parijat , Khemka Meenakshi 
Published: June 2020

PurposeInteraction and communication through social networking sites (SNSs) has witnessed exponential growth every year. The rising popularity of this platform has made researchers take a deeper look at this phenomenon and try and study it in a structured fashion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of SNS usage intensity on the relationship between social capital and social identity. There are very few published literature studies available and none in the context of a developing economy, which is undergoing enormous digital transformation. While studies like this have been done in abundance in the Western world, it is still a new approach in this part of the world. Even though the variables that are being studied have been adapted from the work done earlier by other researchers, the application and interpretation are very different, primarily because of the context.Design/methodology/approachA primary online survey was conducted to collect data for this study. A majority of 258 respondents were in the age group of 20–40 years. Most of them had an undergraduate and/or a postgraduate degree and spent an average of 70% of their weekly time on social media. The sample size was balanced in terms of gender (male/female) as well. To validate the research model and test the hypotheses of the study, through two analysis phases including measurement model and structural model, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlations and hierarchical multiple regression were deployed. The CFA was applied to assess the validity of the four factors under study.FindingsFactors that were studied in this article were checked for content validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha values were <1.0 indicating the reliability of the factors taken for the study. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that with the increase in bridging and SNS usage intensity, social identity also increases at a high level of bridging. Similar results were observed when regression was conducted for bonding and SNS usage intensity. Thus, the hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that SNS usage intensity positively moderated the effects of social capital on social identity. Hence, the two hypotheses were supported.Originality/valueThe results of this study are significant for business organizations and society as well. A similar type of study in the context of an economy, which has embarked on the path of digitization as a state-sponsored policy has not been reported.
Flexibility, coping capacity and resilience of organizations: between synergy and support
Authors: Karman Agnieszka 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the following related terms: flexibility, resilience and coping capacity, in order to clarify relationships between them.Design/methodology/approachMethods applied in the study include the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and a critical discussion considering provided references. By drawing on the notion of the ladder of abstraction, conceptual differences between the three terms are proposed.FindingsBased on the most common associations of the terms in the literature, the paper proposes the following relationships between the terms: flexibility is most commonly associated with the inherent property of systems, which allows them to change within pre-established parameters; resilience is the ability of organizations to withstand changes in their environment and still function; coping capacity commonly refers to organizational behavior involving timely purposeful change.Practical implicationsAs managers strive to improve the performance of their organizations in turbulent conditions, the paper provides a useful enhanced understanding of the relative roles that flexibility, resilience and coping capacity play in changes and maintaining the continuity of the organization.Originality/valueWhile confusion between the meanings of these terms has been noted by various authors, the paper is believed to be the first to discuss the three terms in conjunction and thereby propose relationships between them. The proposed framework overcomes existing definitional fragmentation and raises awareness in the conceptualization of terms: flexibility, coping capacity and resilience. We contribute to extant business and management literature by proposing a model indicating the relationships between them.
The effect of service workers' proactive personality on their psychological withdrawal behaviors: a moderating effect of servant leadership
Authors: Song Chanhoo , Lee Chul Ho 
Published: June 2020

PurposeA worker with a proactive personality actively pursues changes in the environment instead of maintaining the status quo, leading to an expected result of a negative relationship between proactive personality and psychological withdrawal behaviors. The authors propose that based on the trait activation theory (TAT), this negative relationship is moderated by servant leadership.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data collected from subway station workers in three metropolitan cities in South Korea supported all the hypothesized relationships. Even though the workers are not public servants, the subway companies are owned by three metropolitan cities. With reliability and validity tests for the measurements, the authors performed an ordinary least square (OLS) hierarchical multiple regression analysis for hypotheses testing.FindingsA multilevel analysis showed that the higher a worker's proactive personality is, the less likely it is that he/she shows withdrawal behaviors at work and that the negative relationship between the two is stronger under servant leadership. An organization pursuing maximization of its members' proactive personality may find an advantage in servant leadership.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the data was collected from three metropolitan city-owned companies, which may have different work attitudes and behaviors. Second, the authors hypothesized and found a negative relationship between the predictor and the dependent variable. To apply TAT more appropriately, the dependent variable could have been a positive work behavior showing a positive relationship between the predictor and the dependent variable.Originality/valueThe results of this study have both theoretical and empirical implications. In terms of theoretical implication, the study rather indirectly supports TAT. While Greenbaumet al.(2017) demonstrated the triggering effect of abusive supervision on employees' Machiavellianism, which leads to unethical behaviors, this study showed a stronger negative relationship between proactive personality and psychological withdrawal behaviors. This study provided empirical evidence showing servant leadership's role in lowering negative behaviors. This study's findings suggest how an organization could maximize the benefits of members' proactive personality under high servant leadership.
Empowerment or exposure? Ethical dilemmas of visual methods with vulnerable migrants
Authors: Hauber-Özer Melissa , Call-Cummings Meagan 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a typology of the treatment of ethical issues in recent studies using visual participatory methods with immigrants and refugees and provide insights for researchers into how these issues can be more adequately addressed.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the results of a scoping study as a typology of ethical considerations, from standard IRB approval to complete ethical guidelines/frameworks for research with refugee/migrant populations.FindingsThe review reveals that there is a broad spectrum of ethical considerations in the use of visual participatory methods with migrants, with the majority only giving cursory or minimal attention to the particular vulnerabilities of these populations.Originality/valueThis paper encourages university-based researchers conducting participatory inquiry with migrant populations to engage in deeper critical reflection on the ethical implications of these methods in keeping with PAR's ethico-onto-epistemological roots, to make intentional methodological choices that are congruent with those roots and to be explicit in their description of how they did this as they disseminate their work.
Distinctive ethical challenges in qualitative research with migrant children
Authors: Castillo Goncalves Diego 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper describes distinctive ethical challenges encountered in qualitative research with migrant children. It brings attention to how the exploratory nature of qualitative research, intersected with the multifaced realities of migrant children, shapes stances towards these ethical challenges.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is developed through conceptual and reflective contributions. It narrates distinctiveness within ethical challenges via the literature. It then illustrates these, through the author's experiences of negotiating such tensions on a project with a category of migrant children, namely, separated children.FindingsEthical choices are made throughout the research processes. These choices need to be matched to distinctive childhood and migration intersections, and methodological frameworks must reflect these, including when applied to standardised ethical guidelines. Transparency, reflexivity and positionality influence these choices, and researchers have enhanced responsibility to minimise harm in how they research migrant children.Research limitations/implicationsFindings relate to work in development, where sensitivities regarding research conduct are still present. The scope is therefore on particular challenges of dealing with ethical codes and practices. The intention of the author is for this to be a reflective discussion producing paper, but not a practice guide.Originality/valueIts value is centred on taking generalised ethical challenges in qualitative work with children and systematically contextualising these regarding factors specific to migrant children, arguing that the way which migrant children are represented is in itself a key ethical challenge. It further contributes to the body of knowledge by describing procedures of a qualitative study which address some of this distinctiveness.