bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Hydrologic Modeling to Untangle the Impacts of Water Management During Drought
Authors: Thatch Lauren M. , Gilbert James M. , Maxwell Reed M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOver the past century, groundwater levels in California's San Joaquin Valley have dropped by more than 30 m in some areas mostly due to excessive groundwater extraction used to irrigate agricultural lands and sustain a growing population. Between 2012 and 2015, California experienced the worst drought in its recorded history, depleting surface water supplies and further exacerbating groundwater depletion in the region. Due to a lack of groundwater regulation, exact quantities of extracted groundwater in California are unknown and hard to quantify. Recent adoption of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act has intensified efforts to identify sustainable groundwater use. However, understanding sustainable use in a highly productive agricultural system with an extremely complex surface water allocation system, variable groundwater use, and spatially extensive and diverse irrigation practices is no easy task. Using an integrated hydrologic model coupled with a land surface model, we evaluated how water management activities, specifically a suite of irrigation and groundwater pumping scenarios, impact surface water–groundwater fluxes and storage components and how those activities and the relationships between them change during drought. Results showed that groundwater pumping volume had the most significant impact on long‐term water storage changes. A comparison with total water storage anomaly (TWSA) estimates from NASA's Gravity Recover and Climate Experiment (GRACE) provided some insight regarding which combinations of pumping and irrigation matched the GRACE TWSA estimates, lending credibility to these scenarios. In addition, the majority of long‐term water storage changes during the recent drought occurred in groundwater storage in the deeper subsurface.
Importance of Spatial Resolution in Global Groundwater Modeling
Authors: Reinecke Robert , Wachholz Alexander , Mehl Steffen , Foglia Laura , Niemann Christoph , Döll Petra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlobal‐scale gradient‐based groundwater models are a new endeavor for hydrologists who wish to improve global hydrological models (GHMs). In particular, the integration of such groundwater models into GHMs improves the simulation of water flows between surface water and groundwater and of capillary rise and thus evapotranspiration. Currently, these models are not able to simulate water table depth adequately over the entire globe. Unsatisfactory model performance compared to well observations suggests that a higher spatial resolution is required to better represent the high spatial variability of land surface and groundwater elevations. In this study, we use New Zealand as a testbed and analyze the impacts of spatial resolution on the results of global groundwater models. Steady‐state hydraulic heads simulated by two versions of the global groundwater model G3M, at spatial resolutions of 5 arc‐minutes (9 km) and 30 arc‐seconds (900 m), are compared with observations from the Canterbury region. The output of three other groundwater models with different spatial resolutions is analyzed as well. Considering the spatial distribution of residuals, general patterns of unsatisfactory model performance remain at the higher resolutions, suggesting that an increase in model resolution alone does not fix problems such as the systematic overestimation of hydraulic head. We conclude that (1) a new understanding of how low‐resolution global groundwater models can be evaluated is required, and (2) merely increasing the spatial resolution of global‐scale groundwater models will not improve the simulation of the global freshwater system.
Clinicopathological significance of EGFR pathway gene mutations and CRTC1/3–MAML2 fusions in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Morita Maki , Murase Takayuki , Okumura Yoshihide , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Yuma , Masaki Ayako , Kawakita Daisuke , Tada Yuichiro , Nibu Ken‐Ichi , Shibuya Yasuyuki , Inagaki Hiroshi 
Published: March 2020

AimsMucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most common salivary gland carcinomas. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway gene mutations are important in predicting a patient’s prognosis, selecting molecularly targeted drugs and estimating the efficacy of a molecular therapy. However, their significance in MEC have been poorly clarified. CRTC1/3–MAML2 fusions are specific to MEC and may be associated with favourable characteristics in these patients.Methods and resultsWe looked for CRTC1/3–MAML2 fusions and gene alterations in the EGFR, RAS family (KRAS, HRAS and NRAS), PIK3CA, BRAF and AKT1 in 101 MEC cases. We also examined mutations in TP53. CRTC1/3–MAML2 fusions were found in 62.4% of the cases. KRAS, HRAS and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 6.9%, 2.0% and 6.9%, respectively, but other EGFR pathway genes were not mutated. In total, gene mutations (RAS/PIK3CA) in the EGFR pathway were detected in 14.9% of the cases. TP53 mutations were found in 20.8%. CRTC1/3–MAML2 fusions were associated with a better prognosis and RAS/PIK3CA mutations a worse prognosis of the patients, respectively, and both were selected as independent prognostic factors for the overall survival of the patients. TP53 mutations had no prognostic impact. CRTC1/3–MAML2 fusion‐positive rates were inversely associated with the patients’ age and the fusions were found in 82% of patients aged < 30 years.ConclusionsRAS/PIK3CA mutations were frequently detected, and may be a biomarker for a poorer prognosis in MEC patients. CTRC1/3–MAML2 fusions were positive in most of the young MEC patients.
Semantics of the insect decline narrative: recommendations for communicating insect conservation to peer and public audiences
Authors: Saunders Manu E. , Janes Jasmine K. , O'Hanlon James C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ambiguous or misleading language can affect science communication with peer and public audiences, with potentially damaging impacts on policy and public engagement.
The word decline can be value‐laden and has inherent negative connotations. It is not always the most appropriate term to use for effective science communication to promote insect biodiversity and conservation issues.
We recommend four key questions to consider when deciding whether the term insect decline is appropriate to use.
Evidence‐based insect conservation depends on public and political support. Moving forward, researchers and communicators should be mindful that the inherent diversity of insects demands a nuanced and diverse scientific discussion, not an ambiguous and generalised one.
Are insects declining and at what rate? An analysis of standardised, systematic catches of aphid and moth abundances across Great Britain
Authors: Bell James R. , Blumgart Dan , Shortall Chris R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough we have known anecdotally that insects have been declining in Great Britain for more than 100 years, insect declines have only been statistically estimated over the last 20 years. Estimation of the rate of those declines is still hotly debated, fuelled by a lack of standardised, systematically collected data.More than 24 million individual moths and aphids collected from 112 light traps and 25 12.2 m suction‐traps, respectively, were analysed using mixed models. Our objective was to estimate the long‐term trends in both groups based on annual totals recorded every year between 1969 and 2016.The models showed that two paradigms existed: Over 47 years, long‐term linear trends showed that moths had declined significantly by −31%, but short‐term trends indicated that there were periods of significant decline and recovery in most decades since the 1960s. Conversely, despite aphid annual totals fluctuating widely, this group was in a steady state over the long‐term, with a non‐significant decline of −7.6%. Sensitivity analysis revealed that moth trends were not driven by a group of abundant species, but the sign of the overall aphid trends may have been driven by three of the most abundant species.The spatial extent of moth trends suggests that they are extremely heterogeneous. Uniquely, moth declines were different among several habitat types, with robust significant declines found in coastal, urban and woodland habitats, but notably not in agricultural, parkland and scrubland habitats. Conversely, aphid trends showed spatial synchrony extending to 338 km, albeit with local variation.
Neighbourhood greenspace influences on childhood obesity in Sheffield, UK
Authors: Mears Meghann , Brindley Paul , Baxter Ian , Maheswaran Ravi , Jorgensen Anna 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundOne cause of childhood obesity is a reduction in the amount of unstructured time spent outdoors, resulting in less physical activity. Greenspaces have the potential to increase children's physical activity levels, so it is desirable to understand how to create spaces that promote visitation and activity.ObjectivesWe investigate the relationship between rates of obesity at ages 4 to 5 and 10 to 11 in small‐area census geographies, and indicators of the neighbourhood greenspace environment, in the northern English city of Sheffield.MethodsTo capture the environment at scales relevant to children, we test the importance of overall green cover; garden size; tree density around residential addresses; and accessibility within 300 m of any greenspace, greenspaces that meet quality criteria, and greenspaces with play facilities. We use a multimodel inference approach to improve robustness.ResultsThe density of trees around addresses is significant at both ages, indicating the importance of the greenspace environment in the immediate vicinity of houses. For 10 to 11 year olds, accessibility of greenspaces meeting quality criteria is also significant, highlighting that the wider environment becomes important with age and independence.ConclusionsMore attention should be given to children's requirements of greenspace when considering interventions to increase physical activity or planning new residential areas.
Parental Health Outcomes of Children’s Migration: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Mergo Teferi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study uses experimental data from the United States Diversity‐Visa (DV) lottery to explore the impact of migration of children on the sending parents’ health, helping to overcome the selection bias issue that plagues similar studies. Based on the inverted U‐shaped relationship between BMI and longevity, the study finds that the health prospects of senders with BMIs under 25 increase weakly with migration, decreasing for those in the overweight category. In families with more educated fathers, migration improves the health status of the senders in all weight groups. Overall, it affects the emotional health of the senders adversely, but not in families which gain access to improved sanitation facilities due to migration. The most plausible explanations for this finding are that migration inflicts emotional costs on the senders due to separation from a family member, and that it potentially changes the senders’ perception of what constitutes good health.
Factors influencing health behaviour, blood pressure control, and disability in hypertensive ischaemic stroke patients after a comprehensive reminder intervention
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Pei , Pan Jun‐Hao , Wan Li‐Hong , Liu Zhu‐Yun , Mo Miao‐Miao , Wang Meng‐Yao , Li Li‐Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo test prospective pathways of a Comprehensive Reminder System based on the Health Belief Model (CRS‐HBM), stroke knowledge, health belief in health behaviour, blood pressure (BP) control, and disability in hypertensive ischaemic stroke patients at 6‐month postdischarge.DesignA nested cohort study design.MethodsData were derived from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of the intervention (N = 174, performed during February 2015 ‐ March 2016). Data were collected by questionnaires and analysed in structural equation modelling in Mplus software.ResultsThe proposed model provided a good fit to the data. This model accounted for 51.5% of the variance in health behaviour, 34.1% in BP control, and 5.7% in modified Rankin Scale score at 6‐month postdischarge. The CRS‐HBM had: (a) direct positive effect (β = .391, p < .001) and indirect positive effects (β = .186, p = .002) on health behaviour; (b) direct positive effect (β = .356, p < .001) and indirect positive effects (β = .183, p = .009) on BP control; and (c) indirect negative effect (β = −.146, p = .008) on disability. Being female was linked to better health behaviour. Higher education predicted higher level of stroke knowledge and health belief.ConclusionsThe CRS‐HBM can not only directly but also indirectly improve patients' health behaviours by improving their health knowledge or health belief. Better health behaviour can improve patients' BP control and reduce disability. Therefore, nurses need to pay more attention to not only patients' health knowledge but also their health belief when providing education.ImpactThe CRS‐HBM intervention accounted for 51.5% of variance in health behaviour, 34.1% in BP control, and 5.7% in modified Rankin Scale score at 6‐month postdischarge. This research can help nurses improve health education strategies in postdischarge and community contexts to achieve better health results.
Phylogenetic structure of geographical co‐occurrence among New World Triatominae species, vectors of Chagas disease
Authors: Ceccarelli Soledad , Justi Silvia A. , Rabinovich Jorge E. , Diniz Filho José Alexandre F. , Villalobos Fabricio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe tropical niche conservatism (TNC) hypothesis is one of the most prominent evolutionary hypotheses that has been supported as an explanation for the diversity gradients of several animal taxa, mainly vertebrates. However, the validity of TNC for less‐known taxa such as disease vectors is not clear. Here, we test predictions of TNC in driving the geographical co‐occurrence among triatomine species, vector insects of Chagas disease. We aim to infer the relative effects of ecological and evolutionary processes in determining triatomine species richness at broad spatial scales.LocationAmerica.TaxonTriatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).MethodsWe gathered distributional, phylogenetic and climatic information for 63 triatomine species. We apply the phylogenetic field (PF) framework based on the phylogenetic structure of species co‐occurrences, considering their climatic preferences. We defined PFs of species by estimating the phylogenetic structure of species co‐occurrence within a focal species’ range. Likewise, climatic conditions within focal species’ ranges were defined as their preferred climates. We applied a spatial‐phylogenetic statistical framework to evaluate geographical variation of species’ co‐occurrence and tested the significance of PFs based on biogeographically informed null models.ResultsPhylogenetic fields of 17 out of 59 triatomine species showed a trend from overdispersed to clustered, coincident with tropical to subtropical–temperate climate. Triatomines co‐occur with more closely related species in temperate areas and more distantly related species in tropical areas. Temperature seasonality was inversely related to the phylogenetic structure of co‐occurrence within species ranges.Main conclusionsGeographical co‐occurrence among triatomine species revealed a tropical to subtropical–temperate gradient from overdispersed to clustered PFs and a correspondence between the type of climate in which these species are found and their PFs. Phylogenetic structure within triatomine ranges is explained by their evolutionary history. Our study provides a methodological framework to evaluate the New World triatomine geographical co‐occurrence patterns under a phylogenetic perspective and our results make an important contribution to the understanding of the broad‐scale biodiversity patterns in Triatominae.
Closed‐loop stimulation as a physiological rate‐modulated pacing approach based on intracardiac impedance to lower the atrial tachyarrhythmia burden in patients with sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ikeda Shota , Nogami Akihiko , Inoue Kosuke , Kowase Shinya , Kurosaki Kenji , Mukai Yasushi , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe effectiveness of rate‐modulated pacing for the suppression of atrial fibrillation (AF) is controversial. Closed‐loop stimulation (CLS) is a heart rate modulation technique based on the contractility of the right ventricle estimated by sensing myocardial impedance, and CLS can still adapt to the heart rate in conditions where there are no significant changes in acceleration or ventilation, such as emotional stress. We elucidated the association between CLS and atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) burden in patients with sinus node dysfunction and paroxysmal AF history before pacemaker implantation.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who underwent pacemaker implantation for sinus node dysfunction with an AF history before implantation. Overall, 146 patients were analyzed, with fixed‐rate pacing (FP) in 82, CLS in 31, and non‐CLS rate modulation in 33 patients. The AF/AT episodes were detected in 98 patients during a 12‐month period. The median AF/AT burden was 1.6% (interquartile: 0.0%, 11.0%) in FP; 0% (0.0%, 2.5%) in CLS, and 1.0% (0.1%, 9.3%) in non‐CLS. The AF/AT burden was significantly lower for CLS than for FP and non‐CLS rate modulation (P < .01 and P = .04, respectively). CLS was associated with lower risks of AF/AT occurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.31; P = .02) and AF/AT burden more than 5% (HR, 0.28; P = .05), even after adjusting for potential confounders. This association was independent of the percentage of atrial pacing.ConclusionCLS was associated with lower AF/AT burden after pacemaker implantation in patients with sinus node dysfunction and AF history.
Characteristics associated with elevated 1‐h plasma glucose levels during a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test in non‐obese Japanese men
Authors: Sato Motonori , Tamura Yoshifumi , Someya Yuki , Takeno Kageumi , Kaga Hideyoshi , Kadowaki Satoshi , Sugimoto Daisuke , Kakehi Saori , Funayama Takashi , Furukawa Yasuhiko , Suzuki Ruriko , Nakagata Takashi , Nishitani‐Yokoyama Miho , Shimada Kazunori , Daida Hiroyuki , Aoki Shigeki , Sato Hiroaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElevated 1‐h plasma glucose (1h‐PG; ≥155 mg/dL) during an oral glucose tolerance test is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, the metabolic characteristics of non‐obese Asians with elevated 1h‐PG are unknown. Thus, we studied 59 non‐obese Japanese men with normal glucose tolerance. We divided study participants into the Low 1h‐PG group (<155 mg/dL) and the High 1h‐PG group (≥155 mg/dL). We compared the metabolic characteristics of the groups, including tissue‐specific insulin sensitivity measured using a two‐step hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. Insulinogenic index and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the High 1h‐PG group than in the Low 1h‐PG group. Other characteristics, including insulin sensitivity, adiposity and ectopic fat accumulation, were similar between the groups. In conclusion, non‐obese Japanese men with high 1h‐PG have impaired early‐phase insulin secretion and lower adiponectin levels. Insulin resistance and abnormal fat distribution were not evident in this population.
Sexual Behaviors, Referral to Sexual Health Services, and Use of Sexual Health Services Among Transgender High School Students
Authors: Andrzejewski Jack , Pampati Sanjana , Johns Michelle M. , Sheremenko Ganna , Lesesne Catherine , Rasberry Catherine N. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTransgender adolescents are at increased risk for negative sexual health outcomes compared to their cisgender peers.METHODSUsing data from 10,231 students from 7 high schools in a large, urban school district, our analysis compared sexual behaviors, referral to sexual health services by school staff, and use of sexual health services between transgender and cisgender students. We used propensity score matching to create a comparable sample of transgender and cisgender students and logistic regression models to examine how gender identity was associated with aforementioned outcomes.RESULTSTransgender students were more likely to have ever had sex, less likely to have used a condom at last sex, and more likely to have been referred for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing, and other sexual health services than cisgender students. Transgender students were no more likely than cisgender students to have tested for HIV or
STDs.CONCLUSIONSThese findings underscore the need for understanding the risk perceptions held by transgender students and for prevention efforts that are inclusive for all gender identities. Research is needed to understand if school‐based sexual health interventions such as staff referrals for sexual health services are effective for transgender students.
Clinical features and outcomes of bacterascites in cirrhotic patients: A retrospective, multicentre study
Authors: Li Beiling , Gao Yanhang , Wang Xianbo , Qian Zhiping , Meng Zhongji , Huang Yan , Deng Guohong , Lu Xiaobo , Liu Feng , Zheng Xin , Li Hai , Chen Jinjun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsCurrent guidelines on the management of bacterascites are limited. This multicentre, retrospective study investigated the clinical features and outcomes of cirrhosis patients with bacterascites.MethodsTwo series of cirrhosis patients were evaluated. The first included 418 patients with ascites‐positive cultures at 11 hospitals during 2012‐2018. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were recorded. The second included 208 patients with sterile ascites from a prospective cohort (NCT02457637). Clinical features and outcomes of cirrhotic patients with or without bacterascites were investigated.ResultsIn the first series, bacterascites was diagnosed in 254/418 (60.8%) patients, and culture‐positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in 164/418 (39.2%) patients. Gram‐positive bacteria were more prevalent in bacterascites patients than in culture‐positive SBP patients (59.1% vs 22.0%; P < .001). For patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in bacterascites and culture‐positive SBP groups, the 28‐day transplant‐free mortality (41.3% vs 65.5%; P = .015) and the prevalence of in‐hospital acute kidney injury (AKI) (84.8% vs 75%; P = .224). For patients without ACLF in the bacterascites (n = 208) and culture‐positive SBP groups (n = 108), the 28‐day transplant‐free mortalities were 13% vs 13.9% (P = .822), the probabilities of progression to ACLF within 28 days were 10.1% vs 14.8% (P = .216) and the prevalences of in‐hospital AKI were 14.4% vs 30.6% (P = .001). Bacterascites patients had higher 28‐day mortality than those patients with sterile ascites, after propensity score matching (18.4% vs 8.6%; P = .010).ConclusionBacterascites patients had non‐negligible poor clinical outcomes, including in‐hospital AKI, progression to ACLF and 28‐day mortality. Future studies are warranted to expedite the diagnosis of bacterascites and optimize antibiotic treatment.