bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on patient safety culture among emergency nurses in the public and private hospitals of Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Chegini Zahra , Janati Ali , Afkhami Maryam , Behjat Maryam , Shariful Islam Sheikh Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo appraise patient safety culture in emergency departments of Iranian public and private hospitals.DesignA comparative cross‐sectional survey design was used.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from January–March 2019. For data collection, the Hospital Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire was employed. The study sample comprised 256 participants. Independent t test and analysis of variance were performed to report the mean differences in total patient safety culture perception according to the participants' characteristics and according to hospital ownership.ResultsThere was no significant difference in overall perceptions of patient safety culture in public and private sectors (2.94 vs. 2.84, p > .05). There are no solid areas regarding patient safety found neither in public nor in private sectors. Out of 12 dimensions of patient safety culture, different perceptions of nurses working in public and private hospitals belonged to “Organizational learning” (t = 2.13, p = .034) and “Handoffs and transitions” (t = 2.91, p = .004). Regarding the participants' characteristics, no significant difference was observed as to the perspectives of nurses on patient safety culture. However, there was a meaningful difference in the attitudes of nurses working in public hospitals according to their employment status (t = 2.07, p = .039).
Engine idle speed control using nonlinear multiparametric model predictive control
Authors: Shamekhi Amir‐Mohammad , Taghavipour Amir , Shamekhi Amir H. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this article, a real‐time nonlinear model predictive idle speed controller based on multiparametric programming is designed for an SI engine. Idle speed is a crucial recurring condition in urban vehicles demanding proper control to avoid stall. As will be seen, the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) system designed, besides complying with the predefined constraints, demonstrates a far better performance than the prevalent industrial controllers and even conventional linear MPC controllers. More importantly, a new special structure combining offline nonlinear MPC and classical controller is employed to provide both robustness and fast response. Not only is the computational burden of the controller within that of the ordinary ECU controllers, it is also able to readily damp a disturbance of 20 N·m in less than 2.5 seconds and easily deal with parameter uncertainties. The control system also regulates engine gas pedal release, and converges to the set point with a settling time of less than 3 seconds and minimum fluctuations.
A feasible UHPLC‐MS/MS method for concurrent quantification of 10 bioactive principles in Aquilaria leaf tea by the multiple reaction monitoring analytical mode
Authors: Kuo Ping‐Chung , Li Yue‐Chiun , Yang Mei‐Lin , Tzen Jason T.C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecently, the fresh leaves of Aquilaria trees have been processed as food products such as agarwood tea due to its beneficial medicinal properties. However, there have not been any reported analytical methods to quantify the bioactive principles in the processed products.ObjectiveA rapid and sensitive ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with electrospray ionisation (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 10 bioactive components in Aquilaria leaf tea.MethodsThe UHPLC‐MS/MS was used for quantification operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The optimised chromatographic parameters were conducted on a Shim‐pack XR‐ODS II column and mobile phases consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water.ResultsAll the samples were analysed within 20 min. The established method showed excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9988), good repeatability with all the relative standard deviation values lower than 3.27%, and satisfactory recovery (79.72–119.22%). The matrix effect factors ranged from 87.65 to 97.27% in the examination. The developed method was applied to the determination of 10 bioactive principles (1–10) in six different Aquilaria leaf tea samples. Among the analytes, mangiferin (1) and iriflophenone 2‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranoside (2) were the most abundant compounds in the extracts of Aquilaria leaf tea, and it indicated that these biotech products may possess laxative effects.ConclusionThis proposed method appeared to be a useful tool for the quality control of commercial products of Aquilaria leaf tea and thus provided an analytical reference for herbal drinks.
Physical Activity in Adults With an Amputation as Assessed With a Self‐Reported Exercise Vital Sign
Authors: Sederberg Mark , Tarkhan Aliasghar , Ray Lisa S. , Lee E. Sally , Lin Cindy 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is important for the prevention and treatment of numerous chronic medical conditions. Individuals with a limb amputation face unique challenges for staying physically active. There are few studies evaluating PA of civilians with amputation in the United States.ObjectiveTo evaluate self‐reported PA in persons with an amputation in the outpatient setting using a standardized exercise vital sign (EVS) and correlate PA with demographic information, amputation characteristics, and disease burden.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingOutpatient rehabilitation clinic at a tertiary care institution.InterventionsN/A.ParticipantsTwo hundred twenty‐nine patients with limb amputation.Main Outcome MeasurementsEVS (self‐reported weekly participation in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise), disease burden using a modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), possession of a prosthetic limb, amputation level, time from amputation, body mass index (BMI), gender, race, and age.ResultsA total of 28.8% of patients with limb amputation self‐reported exercising at or above 150 min/wk as recommended by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS); 31.8% of patients with transfemoral amputations, 27.8% with transtibial amputations, and 36% with upper extremity amputations reported exercising the recommended amount. Those with a prosthesis exercised 0.91 h/wk more than those without a prosthesis (95% CI 0.01, 1.8, P = .047), and female patients exercised 1.09 h/wk less than male patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69‐0.49, P < .001). Increasing age (P = .045), CCI (P = .006), and BMI (P = .005) all had a small but significant correlation with lower EVS. There was no statistically significant correlation between EVS and amputation level, race, or time from amputation.ConclusionsLess than one‐third of patients with an amputation meet HHS recommendations for aerobic exercise. Male patients, those with a prosthesis, lower CCI, lower BMI, and younger age reported higher PA rates. Assessing EVS can help clinicians to identify patients with amputation that are not sufficiently active and may benefit from PA counseling and prescription.
Characterization of Aluminum Powders: III. Non‐Isothermal Oxidation and Combustion of Modern Aluminized Solid Propellants with Nanometals and Nanooxides
Authors: Gromov Alexander A. , Sergienko Alexey V. , Popenko Elena M. , Slyusarsky Konstantin V. , Larionov Kirill B. , Dzidziguri Ella L. , Nalivaiko Anton Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAluminum powders were comprehensively described as the prospective ingredients of the modern propellants. The paper also studied the influence of micro‐ and nanopowders of metals (μ‐Me and n‐Me) and metal oxides (μ‐MeO and n‐MeO) on the burning process of modern aluminized propellant with HMX, CL‐20, AP, and active binder. The following metal additives were used: Al, B, Zn, Ni, Co, and Mo. The effect of the following oxides CoO, V2O5, MnO2, and Fe2O3 was studied together with LiF. The combustion tests of modified propellant compositions were carried out in the Vielle bomb in a pressure range 2–10 MPa. n‐Me addition resulted in an increase in the burning rate by 10 % for n‐B, by 30–40 % for n‐Ni and n‐Mo in the studied pressure range. The introduction of n‐Cu caused a burning rate to increase fivefold. n‐Zn additive resulted in increasing of the propellant burning rate by 130 % and 260 % at 4 and 10 MPa, respectively. It was probably caused by the catalytic activity of those metals in the gaseous phase. The effect of complex additive was observed to be insignificant for additives with μ‐Co3O4, μ‐V2O5, μ‐Fe2O3 and n‐Fe2O3. The burning rate of propellant with n‐CuO additive value was higher by a factor of 4 in comparison with the basic formulation in the studied pressure range.
T‐495, a novel low cooperative M1 receptor positive allosteric modulator, improves memory deficits associated with cholinergic dysfunction and is characterized by low gastrointestinal side effect risk
Authors: Mandai Takao , Sako Yuu , Kurimoto Emi , Shimizu Yuji , Nakamura Minoru , Fushimi Makoto , Maeda Ryouta , Miyamoto Maki , Kimura Haruhide 
Published: January 2020

AbstractM1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1R) activation can be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with cholinergic hypofunction. However, M1R activation causes gastrointestinal (GI) side effects in animals. We previously found that an M1R positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with lower cooperativity (α‐value) has a limited impact on ileum contraction and can produce a wider margin between cognitive improvement and GI side effects. In fact, TAK‐071, a novel M1R PAM with low cooperativity (α‐value of 199), improved scopolamine‐induced cognitive deficits with a wider margin against GI side effects than a high cooperative M1R PAM, T‐662 (α‐value of 1786), in rats. Here, we describe the pharmacological characteristics of a novel low cooperative M1R PAM T‐495 (α‐value of 170), using the clinically tested higher cooperative M1R PAM MK‐7622 (α‐value of 511) as a control. In rats, T‐495 caused diarrhea at a 100‐fold higher dose than that required for the improvement of scopolamine‐induced memory deficits. Contrastingly, MK‐7622 showed memory improvement and induction of diarrhea at an equal dose. Combination of T‐495, but not of MK‐7622, and donepezil at each sub‐effective dose improved scopolamine‐induced memory deficits. Additionally, in mice with reduced acetylcholine levels in the forebrain via overexpression of A53T α‐synuclein (ie, a mouse model of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia), T‐495, like donepezil, reversed the memory deficits in the contextual fear conditioning test and Y‐maze task. Thus, low cooperative M1R PAMs are promising agents for the treatment of memory deficits associated with cholinergic dysfunction.
Tumor Time‐Course Predicts Overall Survival in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Atezolizumab: Dependency on Follow‐Up Time
Authors: Netterberg Ida , Bruno René , Chen Ya‐Chi , Winter Helen , Li Chi‐Chung , Jin Jin Y. , Friberg Lena E. 
Published: January 2020

The large heterogeneity in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors is driving the exploration of predictive biomarkers to identify patients who will respond to such treatment. We extended our previously suggested modeling framework of atezolizumab pharmacokinetics, IL18, and tumor size (TS) dynamics, to also include overall survival (OS). Baseline and model‐derived variables were explored as predictors of OS in 88 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab. To investigate the impact of follow‐up length on the inclusion of predictors of OS, four different censoring strategies were applied. The time‐course of TS change was the most significant predictor in all scenarios, whereas IL18 was not significant. Identified predictors of OS were similar regardless of censoring strategy, although OS was underpredicted when patients were censored 5 months after last dose. The study demonstrated that the tumor‐time course‐OS relationship could be identified based on early phase I data.
Global output feedback control for nonlinear cascade systems with unknown output functions and unknown control directions
Authors: Wang Ping , Yu Chengpu , Sun Jian 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates the output feedback control for the uncertain nonlinear system with the integral input‐to‐state stable (iISS) cascade subsystem, which allow not only the unknown control direction but also the unknown output function. The unknown output function only needs to have a generalized derivative (which may not be derivable), and the upper and lower bounds of the generalized derivative need not to be known. To deal with the challenge raised by the unknown output function and the unknown control direction, we choose a special Nussbaum function with a faster growth rate to ensure the integrability for the derivative of the selected Lyapunov function. Then, a dynamic output feedback controller is designed to drive the system states to the origin while keeping the boundedness for all other closed‐loop signals. Moreover, via some appropriate transformations, the proposed control scheme is extended to deal with more general uncertain nonlinear cascade systems with quantized input signals. Finally, two simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Regional consensus of linear differential inclusions subject to input saturation
Authors: Song Qilin , Li Yuanlong , Lin Zongli 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this article, we consider regional consensus problem for a group of identical linear systems represented by a linear differential inclusion over an undirected communication topology. Each vertex system of the linear differential inclusion is represented by a general linear system subject to input saturation, and hence only regional consensus can be achieved. For given saturated distributed linear control protocols, we establish a set of conditions under which these control protocols achieve regional consensus and a level set of a Laplacian quadratic function can be used as an estimate of the domain of consensus. These conditions are given in the form of matrix inequalities and involve the properties of the communication topology. Based on these matrix inequalities, we formulate a linear matrix inequalities based optimization problem for obtaining as large an estimate of the domain of consensus as possible. By viewing the gain matrix in the consensus algorithms as an additional variable, this optimization problem can be adapted for the design of the consensus protocols. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
The Right Light: Tiger Salamander Capture Rates and Spectral Sensitivity
Authors: Liebgold Eric B. , Carleton Karen L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTKnowledge of population dynamics is critical for species of conservation concern so wildlife researchers need to take advantage of biases in animals' behaviors that could help them monitor populations. This is particularly important for amphibians because many populations are declining and difficult to observe. Attraction of vertebrates to light is a well‐known navigational cue and some fisheries strategies utilize light sources to increase catch success. To optimize population monitoring of state‐endangered eastern tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), we tested the utility of colored glow sticks (green, orange, pink, or yellow) as bait in traps in Maryland and Delaware, USA, during 2015–2016. We then measured intensities of the colored glow sticks and estimated photoreceptive quantum catches of each color according to the spectral sensitivities of eastern tiger salamanders. We found that eastern tiger salamanders' photoreceptors had greater quantum catches of photons from green and yellow glow sticks. However, traps baited with orange glow sticks were more than twice as likely to capture eastern tiger salamanders than were traps baited with green or yellow. There were no differences in the number of salamanders caught per successful trap among glow stick colors, perhaps due to attraction of salamanders to motion from previously captured salamanders. Our results indicate that biases other than perceived intensity of light sources may drive behavioral preferences. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Normative Violence in Domestic Service: A Study of Exploitation, Status, and Grievability
Authors: Varman Rohit , Skålén Per , Belk Russell W. , Chaudhuri Himadri Roy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to business ethics by focusing on consumption that is characterized by normative violence. By drawing on the work of Judith Butler this study ofkajer lok—a female subaltern group of Indian domestic service providers—and their higher status clients shows how codes of status-based consumption shaped by markets, class, caste, and patriarchy create a social order that reduces kajer lok to “ungreivable” lives. Our study contributes to business ethics by focusing on exploitation and coercion in consumption rather than in production and of woman rather than of men. It adds to consumer research by revealing how social distinctions not only manifest in status contests in which symbolic power is at stake but also may produce violent exploitation and ungrievable lives.
The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection: Legal Implications and New Frontiers
Authors: Benöhr I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe United Nations set a milestone in the development of consumer law when it adopted the United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection in 1985 (UNGCP), establishing for the first time a set of international consumer law principles. Since then, with the emergence of the digital era, the landscape has experienced dramatic changes, and consumers have been facing an expanding range of global challenges, especially in the financial services sector. To reflect this changing landscape, new provisions were added by revised Guidelines in 1999 and again in 2015, which included recommendations on good business practices, financial protection and e-commerce. However, the Guidelines are only soft law provisions, as they are not legally binding on Member States. The question therefore arises of how effective they can be in promoting consumer law at the national and global levels. This article will argue that a comprehensive international consumer law framework is essential in the current context, and that there has been some advancement towards this since the adoption of the Guidelines. However, while the United Nations is playing a unique role in promoting an inclusive and broad consumer protection approach, it sometimes lacks the legal powers and resources to ensure the full effectiveness of its Guidelines. The article thus examines the evolution of consumer protection at the international level, assessing the legal landscape and key players in the field. It outlines the increasing involvement of the United Nations in the area of consumer protection, analysing the core features of the revised Guidelines and their implications, and concludes by suggesting avenues for future development.
Optimizing Workflows for Fast and Reliable Metabolic Tumor Volume Measurements in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors:   On behalf of the PETRA Consortium, Burggraaff Coreline N. , Rahman Fareen , Kaßner Isabelle , Pieplenbosch Simone , Barrington Sally F. , Jauw Yvonne W.S. , Zwezerijnen Gerben J.C. , Müller Stefan , Hoekstra Otto S. , Zijlstra Josée M. , De Vet Henrica C.W. , Boellaard Ronald 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This pilot study aimed to determine interobserver reliability and ease of use of three workflows for measuring metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Procedures
Twelve baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT scans from DLBCL patients with wide variation in number and size of involved organs and lymph nodes were selected from the international PETRA consortium database. Three observers analyzed scans using three workflows. Workflow A: user-defined selection of individual lesions followed by four automated segmentations (41%SUVmax, A50%SUVpeak, SUV≥2.5, SUV≥4.0). For each lesion, observers indicated their “preferred segmentation.” Individually selected lesions were summed to yield total MTV and TLG. Workflow B: fully automated preselection of [18F]FDG-avid structures (SUV≥4.0 and volume≥3ml), followed by removing non-tumor regions with single mouse clicks. Workflow C: preselected volumes based on Workflow B modified by manually adding lesions or removing physiological uptake, subsequently checked by experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Workflow C was performed 3 months later to avoid recall bias from the initial Workflow B analysis. Interobserver reliability was expressed as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results
Highest interobserver reliability in Workflow A was found for SUV≥2.5 and SUV≥4.0 methods (ICCs for MTV 0.96 and 0.94, respectively). SUV≥4.0 and A50%Peak were most and SUV≥2.5 was the least preferred segmentation method. Workflow B had an excellent interobserver reliability (ICC = 1.00) for MTV and TLG. Workflow C reduced the ICC for MTV and TLG to 0.92 and 0.97, respectively. Mean workflow analysis time per scan was 29, 7, and 22 min for A, B, and C, respectively.

Conclusions
Improved interobserver reliability and ease of use occurred using fully automated preselection (using SUV≥4.0 and volume≥3ml, Workflow B) compared with individual lesion selection by observers (Workflow A). Subsequent manual modification was necessary for some patients but reduced interobserver reliability which may need to be balanced against potential improvement on prognostic accuracy.
Epidemiology of osteoporotic fracture in Moldova and development of a country-specific FRAX model
Authors: Zakroyeva Alla , Lesnyak Olga , Cazac Victor , Groppa Liliana , Russu Eugen , Chislari Lia , Rotaru Larisa , Johansson Helena , Harvey Nicholas C. , McCloskey Eugene , Lorentzon Mattis , Kanis John A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Summary
Retrospective population-based survey in 2 regions of the Republic of Moldova determined the incidence of fractures at the hip, proximal humerus and distal forearm. The estimated number of such fractures nationwide for 2015 was 11,271 and is predicted to increase to 15,863 in 2050. The hip fracture rates were used to create a FRAX model to help guide decisions about treatment.

Objective
This paper describes the epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures in Republic of Moldova that was used to develop the country-specific fracture prediction FRAX® tool.

Methods
We carried out a retrospective population-based survey in 2 regions of the Republic of Moldova (Anenii Noi district and Orhei district) representing approximately 6% of the country’s population. We identified hip, forearm and humerus fractures in 2011 and 2012 from hospital registers and primary care sources. Age- and sex-specific incidence of hip fracture and national mortality rates were incorporated into a FRAX model for Moldova. Fracture probabilities were compared with those from neighbouring countries having FRAX models.

Results
The incidence of hip fracture applied nationally suggested that the estimated number of hip fractures nationwide in persons over the age of 50 years for 2015 was 3911 and is predicted to increase by 60% to 6492 in 2050. Hip fracture incidence was a good predictor of forearm and humeral fractures. FRAX-based probabilities were higher in Moldova than neighbouring countries (Ukraine and Romania).

Conclusion
The FRAX model should enhance accuracy of determining fracture probability among the Moldavan population and help guide decisions about treatment.