bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCL2/CCR2 system in neuroepithelial radial glia progenitor cells: Involvement in stimulatory, sexually dimorphic effects of maternal ethanol on embryonic development of hypothalamic peptide neurons
Authors: Chang Guo-Qing , Karatayev Olga , Boo Devi Sai Sri Kavya , Leibowitz Sarah F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Clinical and animal studies show that alcohol consumption during pregnancy produces lasting behavioral disturbances in offspring, including increased alcohol drinking, which are linked to inflammation in the brain and disturbances in neurochemical systems that promote these behaviors. These include the neuropeptide, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), which is mostly expressed in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Maternal ethanol administration at low-to-moderate doses, while stimulating MCH neurons without affecting apoptosis or gliogenesis, increases in LH the density of neurons expressing the inflammatory chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor CCR2 and their colocalization with MCH. These neural effects associated with behavioral changes are reproduced by maternal CCL2 administration, reversed by a CCR2 antagonist, and consistently stronger in females than males. The present study investigates in the embryo the developmental origins of this CCL2/CCR2-mediated stimulatory effect of maternal ethanol exposure on MCH neurons. Methods : Pregnant rats from embryonic day 10 (E10) to E15 during peak neurogenesis were orally administered ethanol at a moderate dose (2 g/kg/day) or peripherally injected with CCL2 or CCR2 antagonist to test this neuroimmune system’s role in ethanol’s actions. Using real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence histochemistry, in situ hybridization, and confocal microscopy, we examined in embryos at E19 the CCL2/CCR2 system and MCH neurons in relation to radial glia progenitor cells in the hypothalamic neuroepithelium where neurons are born and radial glia processes projecting laterally through the medial hypothalamus that provide scaffolds for neuronal migration into LH. Results: We demonstrate that maternal ethanol increases radial glia cell density and their processes while stimulating the CCL2/CCR2 system and these effects are mimicked by maternal administration of CCL2 and blocked by a CCR2 antagonist. While stimulating CCL2 colocalization with radial glia and neurons but not microglia, ethanol increases MCH neuronal number near radial glia cells and making contact along their processes projecting into LH. Further tests identify the CCL2/CCR2 system in NEP as a primary source of ethanol’s sexually dimorphic actions. Conclusions: These findings provide new evidence for how an inflammatory chemokine pathway functions within neuroprogenitor cells to mediate ethanol’s long-lasting, stimulatory effects on peptide neurons linked to adolescent drinking behavior.
Oral health related quality of life and satisfaction with dental condition of school age children with dental pain in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Authors: Lawal Folake , Oke Gbemisola Aderemi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Pain of dental origin is a major reason why school age children seek dental care in low resource settings but how it affects their oral health related quality of life and satisfaction with dental condition remains under researched. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of dental pain on oral health related quality of life as well as its association with satisfaction with dental condition of school age children in Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1006 pupils aged 9-12 years who attended randomly selected primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. An interviewer administered questionnaire, Child–Oral Impact on Daily Performances inventory (C-OIDP) in addition to oral examination was used to obtain data. Analysis was done with SPSS version 23 and p value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results The prevalence of self-reported dental pain was 10.2%. The mean C-OIDP score was 2.6 (±7.2) overall and 9.8 (±12.4) for pupils with pain. About 68.9% of pupils with pain reported an impact on quality of life compared to 15.6% of those without dental pain (p < 0.001). Self-reported dental pain affected social, psychological and physical activities (p < 0.001). More children with dental pain (53.4%) were dissatisfied with their dental condition compared to those (12.8%) without dental pain (p < 0.001). Dental pain correlated with dissatisfaction with dental condition (rs = 0.32, p < 0.001). Among children with dental pain; those who were dissatisfied with their dental condition were more likely to report impairment in eating and enjoying food (OR=2.2, CI =1.1 - 4.1, p = 0.018) as well as in maintaining social contact (OR =3.1, CI =1.1 -9.1, p = 0.033).Conclusion Self-reported dental pain significantly impacted on all the domains of quality of life of the pupils and correlated positively with dissatisfaction with dental condition. Eating and enjoying food as well as maintaining social contact were significant predictors of dissatisfaction with dental condition among children with dental pain.
Functional analyses of chitinolytic enzymes in the formation of calcite prisms inPinctada fucata
Authors: Kintsu Hiroyuki , Pérez-Huerta Alberto , Ohtsuka Shigeru , Okumura Taiga , Ifuku Shinsuke , Nagata Koji , Kogure Toshihiro , Suzuki Michio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The mollusk shells present distinctive microstructures that are formed by small amounts of organic matrices controlling the crystal growth of calcium carbonate. These microstructures show superior mechanical properties such as strength or flexibility. The shell of Pinctada fucata has the prismatic layer consisting of prisms of single calcite crystals. These crystals contain small-angle grain boundaries caused by a dense intracrystalline organic matrix network to improve mechanical strength. Previously, we identified chitin and chitinolytic enzymes as components of this intracrystalline organic matrix. In this study, we analyzed the function of those organic matrices in calcium carbonate crystallization by in vitro and in vivo experiments.Results: We analyzed calcites synthesized in chitin gel with or without chitinolytic enzymes by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). TEM observations showed that grain boundary was more induced as concentration of chitinolytic enzymes increased and thus, chitin became thinner. In an optimal concentration of chitinolytic enzymes, small-angle grain boundaries were observed. APT analysis showed that ion clusters derived from chitin were detected. In order to clarify the importance of chitinolytic enzymes on the formation of the prismatic layer in vivo , we performed the experiment in which chitinase inhibitor was injected into a living Pinctada fucata and then analyzed the change of mechanical properties of the prismatic layer. The hardness and elastic modulus increased after injection of chitinase inhibitor. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) mapping data showed that the spread of crystal orientations in whole single crystal also increased by the effect of inhibitor injections.Conclusion: Our results suggested that chitinolytic enzymes may function cooperatively with chitin to regulate the crystal growth and mechanical properties of the prismatic layer, and chitinolytic enzymes are essential for the formation of the normal prismatic layer of P. fucata.
Tridax Procumbens Amines Have A Potential To Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Ondari Erick Nyakundi , Omwenga Samuel Gichaba , Madanagopal Nalini 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Our previous findings showed that amines from Tridax procumbens (Family: Asteraceae) were responsible for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. T. procumbens is a weed plant with rich source of medicinal compounds. In the current work, we studied the initial characterization of bioactive compounds by LC-MS, an essential tool for the characterization and identification of low molecular compounds. Further the isolated compound was investigated for silver nanoparticle synthesis. The leaf extracts examined revealed many novel amine derivative compounds reported for the first time mainly belonging to the group of free amines: n-Pentylhydrazine hydrochloride, 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, 1,7-Dichlorooctamethyltetrasiloxane, 5-Chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, 3-Chloro-2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine and 2-(Diphenylphosphino) ethyltriethoxysilane and conjugated amines: 5-Methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine, 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid, Diphenhydramine, Erucamide, n(4-((2-(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazino)carbonyl)ph)-4-me-benzenesulfonamide and 1,3,5-Trithia-2,4,6-tristannacyclohexane, 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl. Characterization by UV-Vis spectra, XRD, EDX and TEM revealed well separated spherical shaped AgNPs size ranging 8-50 nm. These findings suggest that further work could be extended to isolate and elucidate the structures of the identified molecules using powerful instruments such as HPLC-MS, HPLC-NMR and high resolution-MS (HR-MS). Further biotechnological approaches towards synthesis of novel metals will be enhanced to promote green chemistry technology adoption for the synthesis of nanoparticles.
Early alterations of circulating immune cell counts in severe trauma patients are related to later occurrence of nosocomial infection, sepsis and mortality
Authors: Dong Xijie , Wang Chuntao , Liu Xinghua , Bai Xiangjun , Li Zhanfei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Severe trauma leads to extensive disturbances of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, which in turn may affect the prognosis. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the alterations of circulating immune cell counts in the early stage of severe trauma and the later occurrence of nosocomial infection, sepsis and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 876 patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16. Demographic data, the absolute counts of neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte (ANC, ALC and AMC) on days 1, 3, and 7 (D1, D3, and D7) after trauma, and whether nosocomial infection, sepsis or death occurred within 60 days were recorded. Ratios were calculated between immune cell counts of each two time points, namely day 3/day 1 (D3/D1) and day 7/day 3 (D7/D3). Patients were grouped based on ISS and the occurrence of nosocomial infection, sepsis or death. Comparative studies were conducted between each two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify variables related to the risk of nosocomial infection, sepsis, and mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the predictive value of various risk factors. Results: More severe trauma leads to more pronounced increase in ANC and more slowly recovery of ALC. In patients with subsequent nosocomial infection and sepsis, ANC was higher and ALC recovery was slower than those without nosocomial infection and sepsis within 7 days. In non-survivors, ALC had not recovered and AMC (D3) and AMC (D7) was lower than survivors within 7 days. ALC (D3) and ALC (D3/D1) are independent risk factors for nosocomial infection and sepsis. ALC (D3), ALC (D3/D1), ALC (D7) and AMC (D7) are independent risk factors for death. The combination of ALC (D3/D1) and ALC (D3) had a good predictive value for the occurrence of nosocomial infection, sepsis, and mortality. Conclusions: More severe trauma causes more intense interference to circulating immunocyte counts. Worse alterations in circulating immunocyte counts within 7 days may increase the risk of subsequent nosocomial infection, sepsis and mortality.
Duration of acute kidney injury, 90-day mortality, and chronic kidney disease progression in very elderly patients
Authors: Li Qinglin , Pan Liang , Mao Zhi , Kang Hongjun , Zhou Feihu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the prognostic impact of AKI duration on 90-day mortality and new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in very elderly patients. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled very elderly patients (≥75 years) with normal RF from the hospital information system of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases of Chinese PLA General Hospital January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2018. AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. AKI patients were divided into T-AKI and P-AKI groups based on whether serum creatinine level returned to baseline within 48 h post-AKI. Results: In total, 760 geriatric patients developed AKI, and 693 were suitable for the final evaluation. Among them, 62 (8.9%) patients had T-AKI (1–2 days), 104 (15.0%) had short-duration AKI (3–4 days), 140 (20.2%) had medium-duration AKI (5–7 days), and 387 (55.8%) had long-duration AKI (>7 days). In total, 209 (30.2%) of 693 patients died within 90 days, including 5 (8.1%) with T-AKI and 204 (32.3%) with P-AKI. Of the 484 survivors with AKI, 122 (25.2%) developed CKD. After adjusting for multiple covariates, duration of AKI (3–4 days: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.512; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.021–6.181; 5–7 days: HR = 3.154; 95% CI: 1.250–7.960; >7 days: HR = 6.212; 95% CI: 2.383–16.192;), more advanced AKI stages (stage 2: HR = 7.365; 95% CI: 4.114–13.183; stage 3: HR = 28.414; 95% CI: 16.360–49.350); and low body mass index (HR = 0.910; 95% CI: 0.870–0.953) were significantly associated with a higher 90-day mortality and longer AKI duration (3–4 days: odds ratio [OR] = 0.982; 95% CI: 0.247–3.900; 5–7 days: HR = 1.322; 95% CI: 0.381–4.592; > 7days: HR = 7.007; 95% CI: 2.417–20.311), and baseline eGFR (OR = 0.928; 95% CI: 0.901–0.956) was significantly associated with new-onset CKD of the survivors. Conclusion: AKI duration is a useful parameter to predict of worse clinical outcomes in very elderly patients, emphasizing the importance of identifying an appropriate treatment window for early intervention.
Circulating rather than alveolar extracellular DNA levels predict outcomes in influenza: a cohort study
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Zhu Liuluan , Zhang Yue , Zhou Chun , Song Rui , Yang Xiaoyu , Huang Linna , Xiong Shuyu , Huang Xu , Xu Fei , Wang Yajie , Wan Gang , Chen Zhihai , Li Ang , Zhan Qingyuan , Zeng Hui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: We have reported that high levels of circulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with severe influenza A infection. It remains unclear whether NETs in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are a superior biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in influenza.Methods: One hundred eighteen patients who were diagnosed with H1N1 influenza in 2017-2018 were recruited. NETs were assessed in plasma and BALF samples by quantifying cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and protein-DNA complexes. Predictions of severe illness and 60-day mortality were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic curves.Results: The NET levels were significantly elevated in the BALF and contributed to the pathological injury of lungs, yet it was not associated with disease severity or mortality in patients severely infected with H1N1. Plasma NET levels were significantly increased in the patients with severe influenza and positively correlated with the oxygen index and sequential organ failure assessment scores. High levels of plasma cfDNA (> 286.6 ng/ml) or histone-bound DNA (> 9.4 ng/ml) on the day of admission predicted severe influenza, and even higher levels of cfDNA (> 306.3 ng/ml) or histone-bound DNA (> 23.1 ng/ml) predicted fatal outcomes in severely ill patients.Conclusions: Alveolar NETs contribute to lung damage but do not correlate with outcomes in patients with severe H1N1 infection. Plasma cfDNA and histone-bound DNA represent early predictive biomarkers for the prognosis of influenza.
Astrocyte-like glia-specific gene deathstar is crucial for normal development, adult locomotion and lifespan of male Drosophila
Authors: Najafi Hadi , Wong Kyle , Kim Woo Jae 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Drosophila melanogaster is a proper model organism for studying the development and function of the nervous system. The Drosophila nervous system consists of distinct cell types with significant homologies to various cell types of more advanced organisms, including human. Among all cell types of the nervous system, astrocyte-like glia (ALG) have conserved functions to mammals and are essential for normal physiology and behaviours of the fly.Results: In this study, we exploited the gene expression profile of single cells in Drosophila optic lobe to identify the genes with specific expression pattern in each cell type. Through a bioinformatical analysis of the data, a novel ALG-specific gene (here assigned as deathstar) was identified. Immunostaining of deathstar in the central nervous system (CNS) showed its presence in specific regions of Drosophila ventral nerve cord, which previously has been characterized as ALG cells. Consistent with the bioinformatical analysis, deathstar-related signals were overlapped with the signals of the previously-reported ALG marker, Eaat1, supporting its specific expression in ALG cells. At the physiological level, RNAi-mediated suppression of deathstar gene impeded the normal development of male flies without any effects on females. Cell type-specific expression of deathstar RNAi showed that deathstar gene affects locomotion behaviour and lifespan of D. melanogaster, in an ALG-specific manner.Conclusions: Taken together, we showed that bioinformatical analysis of a previously reported expression data of Drosophila optic lobe successfully predicted the ALG-specific expression pattern of deathstar gene. Moreover, it was consistent with the ALG-specific effects of this gene on locomotion and lifespan of D. melanogaster, in vivo.
DHFR silencing effects on biological behaviour of ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro
Authors: Li Zhuang , Yang Zhijun , Zhang Wei , Niu Qian , Li Li 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Dyhidrofolate reductase (DHFR) is involved in the DNA synthesis and is expressed highly in platinum resistant ovarian carcinoma tissue . The relationship between DHFR gene and platinum drug resistance in ovarian carcinoma (OC) is still unclear. Methods: To design targeting hairpin siRNA of DHFR gene, and constructed lentiviral vector carrying DHFR gene, then though flow cytometry、high performance liquid chromatography and electron microscope, DHFR gene expression was down-regulating to investigate the biological behaviour of DHFR in OC. Results: DHFR mRNA expression in ovarian carcinoma was higher than normal ovarian tissues, in patients with omentum metastasis was lower than that in patients without omentum metastasis, in patients with CR for treatment was lower than that of patients with SD or PD or PR, cisplatin-sensitive patients was lower than that in cisplatin-multidrug resistant cases. The median survival period of patients with DHFR mRNA expression lower than 0.331(Youden index) was 16.4 months, but of that higher than 0.331 was 44.5 months. COX multivariate analysis showed that DHFR mRNA expression was a dependent prognostic factor. The apoptosis rate of DHFR-pGCSIL-SKOV3 was obvious higher than pGCSIL-SKOV3 and SKOV3 cells at 24h and 48h(P＜0.05). GO/G1 stage rate of three groups at 24h、48h and 72h were decreasing but the G2/M and S stage rates were raising. The cells in the cisplatin concentration (2.5、5.0μg/mL)at 24h and 48h,the intracellular cisplatin content of DHFR-pGCSIL-SKOV3 cell were significantly higher than pGCSIL-SKOV3 and SKOV3 cells. The microfilament increased and gathered together, mitochondrial structure also change obviously under no drug. But there were rarely microfilament in three group cells induced by IC50 cisplatin concentration(4.4、5.5、4.9µg/ml)at 24 and 48 h, while at 72 h, there are obvious increase and inordinate microfilament. Conclusion: DHFR silencing inhibits cell growth and cisplatin resistance, there were certain contact between resistance increases with microfilament gathered and the change of the mitochondria.The results laid the foundation for us to investigate the molecular mechanisms of multidrug-resistance in tumor.
iTRAQ-based Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Flag Leaves of Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Differing in Waterlogging Tolerance at Anthesis
Authors: Wei Mingmei , Li LiuLong , Xie Ke , Yang Rui , Wang Xiaoyan , Sha Aihua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting wheat product. Plants can adapt to waterlogging with changes in morphology, anatomy, and metabolism. Many genes and proteins play critical roles in adaptation to waterlogging. Results : the iTRAQ-based proteomic strategy was applied to identify the waterlogging-responsive proteins in wheat. A total of 7,710 proteins were identified in two wheat varieties, XM55 (waterlogging-tolerant) and YM158 (waterlogging-sensitive), at anthesis under waterlogging or not. Sixteen proteins were differentially accumulated between XM55 and YM158 under waterlogging with cultivar specificity. Of these, 11 proteins were up-regulated and 5 proteins were down-regulated. The up-regulated proteins included Fe-S cluster assembly factor, heat shock cognate 70, GTP-binding protein SAR1A-like, and CBS domain-containing protein. The down-regulated proteins contained photosystem II reaction center protein H, carotenoid 9,10 (9',10')-cleavage dioxygenase-like, psbP-like protein 1, and mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. In addition, 9 proteins were responsive to waterlogging with non-cultivar specificity. These proteins included 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase large subunit, solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 2, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 3, and 3 predicted or uncharacterized proteins. Conclusion s: This study revealed that the proteins were differential accumulated between the two contrast waterlogging wheat varieties in response to waterlogging, which provide valuable insights into wheat response to waterlogging stress. These differentially accumulated proteins might be applied to develop waterlogging tolerant wheat in further breeding programs.