bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Preparation and Research on the Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of T-ZnO@Ag/Silicone Rubber Composites
Authors: NIE Jingkai , WANG Guangke , HOU Dong , GUO Fu , HAN Yu 
Published: January 2020

This study first conducted surface modification of Ag-plated Tetrapod-like zinc oxide (T-ZnO) whiskers with the use of dopamine and prepared Ag-plated T-ZnO whiskers (T-ZnO@Ag) by means of chemical plating, in which AgNO3 solutions with different concentrations were used during the preparation. Micro-structures of the prepared T-ZnO@Ag powders were examined to evaluate the effect of AgNO3 concentration on Ag plating performance. Subsequently, conductive Si rubber samples were prepared, the T-ZnO@Ag powders were used as fillers, and the effectiveness of the related electromagnetic shielding was investigated in detail. The results showed that using AgNO3 solution with a concentration of 20 g/L, a continuous Ag coating-layer was observed on the surface of T-ZnO whiskers. It was evident that, when used as fillers, T-ZnO@Ag has a conductive threshold and when the mass fraction of the fillers exceeded 50 %, the T-ZnO@Ag whiskers that were uniformly dispersed in the matrix formed interconnected conductive paths. In this condition, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the prepared T-ZnO@Ag/Si rubber composite reached up 90 dB.
Effect of Cr2O3 on the Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Enamel Coating with TC4 Titanium Alloy
Authors: XIAO Feng , LIN Hongbin , CHEN Hui , DU Juan , MIAO Jingguo 
Published: January 2020

By adding 0 % to 50 % Cr2O3 ceramic particles, the enamel composite coating is produced on the surface of TC4 titanium alloys. The detection analysis indicates that with the increase of the amount of Cr2O3 particles added, the density of enamel coating increases as well, and the amount of the pore holes decreases at the same time, but the enamel coating becomes porous with more than 30 % of the amount of Cr2O3 particles added. The main crystalline phases of enamel coating are NaAlSi3O8 and Ca2SiO4, whereas the Cr2O3 ceramic particles added are mainly presented as an independent phase, and part of the particles are in the form of Ca5Cr3O12 phase after the reaction. The enamel coating with 30 % Cr2O3 ceramic particles added has the best high-temperature oxidation resistance, mainly because the main crystalline phase of NaAlSi3O8 is changed into Na2Si2O5 during the high-temperature oxidation, which is beneficial to the self-healing of the coating.
The Formation Mechanism and Characterization of Al-Si Master Alloys from Sodium Fluosilicate
Authors: MAHRAN Gamal Mohamed Attia , OMRAN Abdel-Nasser Mohamed , ABU SEIF El-Sayed Sedek 
Published: January 2020

A modified Al-Si alloy containing up to 15 wt.% Si has been obtained from the reaction of sodium fluosilicate (Na2SiF6) with molten aluminum. This work attempted to estimate the mechanism of the reaction of Na2SiF6 with molten aluminum to produce Al-Si alloys. The effect of temperature, Na2SiF6/Al Wt ratio and reaction time on the formation of Al-Si alloy were investigated. The thermodynamic data, kinetic and rate of the reaction were studied. The results showed the possibility of the reaction between Na2SiF6 and molten aluminum thermodynamically, and that this reaction might be controlled chemically. The current study aims to optimize the factors that affecting the preparation of a modified Al-Si alloy from a reduction of sodium fluosilicate using molten aluminium. Temperature 950 oC, reaction time 20 – 25 min and Na2SiF6/Al Wt ratio related to the applied Si percentage. The prepared alloys could be modified due to the presence of Na2SiF6 in the used material as a source of sodium in response to modifying the produced Al-Si alloys. The microstructure by using LOM, SEM, and EDX proved that the needle-like silicon converts to fine fibrous. The volume fraction of primary Si reduces and the eutectic point moves to a higher silicon concentration. The modification improves the wear characteristics and increases the tensile and hardness.
Appropriate and relevant humour in the university classroom: insights from teachers and students
Authors: Abu Bakar Farhana 
Published: January 2020

When used for the purpose of teaching and learning, humour must be relevant and appropriate to the context. However, what constitutes appropriate and relevant humour is unclear. Past studies have focussed mostly on classifying appropriate and relevant types of humour. Additionally, students’ and teachers’ perceptions of what constitutes appropriate and relevant humour are likely to differ, meaning that the effectiveness of teachers’ humour use may vary depending on the context. With this in mind, it is important to consider teachers’ and students’ perceptions of the appropriateness and relevance of humour. For this paper, five award-winning teachers and 10 students were interviewed regarding their perceptions and experiences of the use of humour in university teaching. Four themes were identified that relate to teachers’ and students’ perceptions regarding the appropriateness of humour: Appropriate humour is relevant humour; Appropriate humour happens at a suitable time and in a suitable manner; Appropriate humour enhances teachers’ credibility; and Inappropriate humour is disrespectful humour. Three themes were identified related to the relevance of humour: Relevant humour is related to the learning content; Relevant humour is related to daily experiences in life; and Irrelevant humour is humour that students do not understand. On the basis of this study, this paper offers pedagogical suggestions for teachers who wish to use humour effectively by taking into consideration what humour is considered appropriate/inappropriate and relevant/irrelevant. The study presented in this paper was funded by Postgraduate Publishing , University of Otago, New Zealand. I also would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge and thank Dr Vivienne Anderson, Assoc Prof Dr Vijay Kumar Mallan, and Prof Tony Harland for their feedback on the author’s PhD thesis from which this paper is derived.
Influencing Factors of Rural Families’ Migration to Urban Area: The Case of Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: Ahad Hakim Abdul , Boz Ismet 
Published: January 2020

Aims: This study aimed to determine factors influencing rural families’ migration to urban areas in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected in different neighbourhoods of Kabul, Afghanistan during the July-September period of 2019. Data analyses and manuscript preparation were completed in the October-December period of 2019.
Methodology: First, the most populated neighbourhoods of Kabul, particularly those areas where the majority of families migrated from rural areas were determined. The data of the study were collected from 400 rural-urban migrants in Kabul city. The questionnaires were filled during face to face informal meetings with households. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and means. The questionnaire included socio-economic characteristics of rural-urban migrants, pushing and pulling factors which affected rural migration, reasons for insecurity in rural areas, and satisfaction and reintegration of migrants in Kabul city.
Results: The results show that unemployment with 9.53 and fear of terror with 9.15 are the most effective pushing factors for rural families to migrate. However, the most important pulling factors which make Kabul city attractive for rural families are the issues regarding rights (women rights with 8.82, having right to vote with 8.73 and human rights with 8.71).
Conclusion: In the last five years Afghanistan had huge number immigration internally (1.1 million person) and internationally (1.7 million people) Results of this study suggest that to slower rural-urban migration in Afghanistan, rural development programs should be implemented, and the priority of these programs should be given to the creation of employment opportunities and eliminating gender inequalities in rural areas. Otherwise, either rural-urban migration or dissatisfaction of being in Kabul and preferring not reintegrating back to their villages will make rural-urban migrants seek international migration.
Growth of Wheat and Na+/ K+ Ratio under Neutral and Alkaline Salts Stress
Authors: . Badar-Uz-Zaman , Khan Huda , Suhaib Muhammad , Ishaq Muhammad , Arshadullah Muhammad , Mahmood Imdad Ali 
Published: January 2020

Saline soils contain multiple types of soluble salts. Role of alkaline salts (AS) may be different than neutral salts (NS) for crop growth. Usually these types of salinity frequently co-exist. Neutral salts generally induce osmotic stress and ion-induced injury to growing crop plants. Behavior of AS may be different due to high pH. This study was conducted to see the response of wheat growth and Na+/ K+ ratio under AS and NS application as nutrient solution study. Germinated disinfected seeds of wheat (Cv. Pak-13) and raised in sand. Ten days seedlings were transferred to pots containing standard nutrients solution, with the application of 30 and 60 mM of NS (NaCl, Na2SO4) and AS (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) separately in 1:1 ratio using complete randomize design in triplicates. The seedling growth period in salt solution comprised 33 days. Biomass and the selected inorganic ions were affected significantly (p< 0.01) under salt stress. The magnitude of loss of bio mass was 11 percent higher in AS than that of NS application. Phosphorus and sulphur concentration were lower 10 and 7 percent with AS than NS respectively besides high Na+/K+ ratio and pH. Further such studies on salt tolerant crop varieties can be carried out to differentiate response under different types of salts.
Demonstration of Abnormal Cervical Change in Papanicolaou Smears by Liquid Base Cytology
Authors: Mahmoud Hagag Howaida , Althomali Anwar , Alnefei Rawan , Alotaibi Bashair , Abdullah Ola , Almutairi Ejtehad , Ramadan Reem A. , Khalifa Osama Mahmoud , Ismail Khadiga Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is considered one of the most important health problem affecting women health all over the world also it is preventable cancer as soon as it was discover early by cervical cytology using Papanicolaou (Pap) smears as it is an effective means of screening for cervical premalignant and malignant conditions such as Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). So this study aims to detect abnormal premalignant epithelial changes by liquid base Pap stained cervical smear in Taif city of Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: Cross sectional study is based on 100 females patients who attended the out-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in King Faisal hospital were randomly chosen as cross sectional study. Cervical smears were obtained and Pap smears were prepared from patients presenting with different complaints such as vaginal discharge, abnormal menstrual and vaginal bleeding and pain. After fixation and staining, each smear was carefully examined.
Results: showed that epithelial cell abnormalities were found in 7% of smears, age rang of the patients was between 20-50 years old and the main complaint was abnormal vaginal discharge. Also our study established the high frequency of abnormal cervical cytology in females used contraception as well as early marriage as a risk factors.
Conclusion: In Taif City, a conservative community, premalignant and malignant cervical lesions are relatively high. Pap smear cervical cytology is an easy, safe and effective test for early detection of pre-malignant and malignant lesions of the cervix, thereby allowing clinicians to treat patients early and more effectively.
Relationship between Metacognitive Awareness and Reflective Learning of Medical Students at the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University
Authors: Ahmed Mesbah Tahany , Abdel Raoof Abed Rabab , Salem Al-Sagheer Amira , Sayed Ghaly Mona 
Published: January 2020

Aim: To examine the relationship between reflective thinking and metacognitive awareness to help medical students to be independent learners who can control their learning and improve their professional performance.
Study Design: It is a cross-sectional correlational study.
Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine-Suez Canal University in August 2018.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional correlational study; the study population included the undergraduate medical students in all study years at the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University. The sample was 264 randomly selected students by using a cluster sampling technique. The instruments that were used for data collection were the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) to measure students’ metacognitive awareness levels, Reflection-in-Learning Scale (RLS) to measure the students’ reflective learning levels.
Results: The descriptive statistics of both MAI and RLS total scores of students in the six study years revealed that students have mean total MAI total scores = 178 ± 26 and have mean total RLS total scores = 60 ± 13.
The Spearman's correlation between the metacognitive awareness and the reflective learning skills of medical students revealed that there was a statistically significant high positive correlation between the metacognitive awareness and the reflection in the learning of FOM-SCU students (p= 0.699, p-value<0.0001).
Multiple regression analysis revealed that the weighted combination of the predictor variables explained approximately 50% of the variance of reflection in learning.
Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that the students at the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University have fair to good metacognitive awareness and partial to ample reflective abilities. There is a significantly high positive relationship between metacognitive awareness and the reflective learning skills of medical students.
Cone-beam Computed Tomography Guidance in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jahandideh Hesam , Yarahmadi Azam , Rajaieh Shahin , Ostvar Shirazi Amin , Milanifard Maryam , Yarahmadi Amir 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Using image-guided intra-operative navigation systems in surgeries like functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become widely accepted as an effective tool for improvement of surgical outcomes and reduction of complication. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is a variant of computed tomography imaging that has developed as a cross-sectional and potentially low-dose technique to visualize bony structures in the head and neck. In current study, it was tried to evaluate surgeons’ satisfaction with CBCT intra-operative navigation imaging as well as image quality prior to FESS and post-operative complications.
Methods: In this prospective study, the included patients who were candidates for FESS underwent CBCT from January to June 2019. The data regarding demographic information, CBCT findings and diagnosis were extracted. The surgeons’ satisfaction with intra-operative navigation imaging and image quality was quantified using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (ranging 0 – 10). Furthermore, patients were contacted 3 months later to ask for their satisfaction with the operation using VAS and post-operative complications evaluated.
Results: Totally, 39 patients were included. The mean age was 40.74±5.75 and 20 patients (51.28 percent) were male. Two surgeons performed this operation separately; one of the surgeons performed 20 (51.28 percent) FESS and the other performed 19 (48.71 percent). The mean satisfaction of the surgeons of CBCT guided FFESS was 8.69±0.92. After the 3-month follow up, patients’ satisfaction score was 8.21±1.89. No postoperative complications were reported.
Conclusion: Based on the surgeons’ point of view, CBCT was shown to be reliable for image-guided FFESS. Furthermore, the outcome and complications of performed surgeries were similar to those performed with computed tomography intra-operative navigation imaging.
Sequencing Unsupervised and Supervised ML
Authors: Wulff Peter , Kubsch Marcus , Krist Christina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter we provide an example application where unsupervised and supervised ML are sequenced. Unsupervised ML is first used to identify clusters in a complex data set (of galaxies, stars, and quasars). Then, supervised ML picks up on these clusters in order to be used as an automated classifier for unseen data.
Natural Language Processing and Large Language Models
Authors: Wulff Peter , Kubsch Marcus , Krist Christina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter we introduce the basics of natural language processing techniques that are important to systematically analyze language data. In particular, we will utilize simple large language models and showcase examples of how to apply them in science education research contexts. We will also point to recently advanced large language models that are capable of solving problems without further training, which opens up novel potentials (and challenges) for science education research.
Lateral Entry and Career Jumping into the Teaching Profession in Germany
Authors: Gehrmann Axel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phases of high and low need for the recruitment of new teachers supposedly follow each other in cyclical waves in Germany. This narrativ about teacher shortages suggests that supply and demand for teachers are supposedly predictable and could be managed by “special measures” and alternative pathways into the teaching profession. These measures are designed to address the crisis and aim to integrate persons without a teaching degree into the teaching profession in order to counter the teacher shortage. This article begins by discussing the narrativ about teacher shortage in Germany and the current crisis phenomenon. Than it will be define the many potential variations of lateral entry and career jumping (Lateral entry (Ger. Seiteneinstieg); career jumping (Ger. Quereinstieg)) into the teaching profession. The article continues by using empirical evidence to point out how new actors in the school system are perceived and how they portray themselves as a group. It finishes by discussing the opportunities arising from turning to career jumpers and lateral entrants into the teaching profession and what this might mean for more than just university-based teacher training.
Visionen und narrative Barrieren
Authors: Präger Fabian 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Kapitel werden die Anfänge der Energiewende durch die Visionen und Konzepte der Vordenker*innen im 20. Jahrhundert beleuchtet, um wertvolles Transformationswissen für das 21. Jahrhundert zu gewinnen. Im Anschluss daran werden gegenwärtige Narrative und die damit verbundenen Verhinderungs- und Verharrungsstrategien im fossil-zentrischen Energiesystem analysiert und dekonstruiert. Diese Erkenntnisse helfen dabei, herauszufinden, welche „Lessons Learned“ die gegenwärtigen Transformationsprozesse bereichern können.
Energieinfrastrukturentwicklung für ein 100%-Erneuerbare-Energiesystem
Authors: Präger Fabian 
Published: February 2025

In diesem Kapitel wird der gegenwärtige Prozess der Energieinfrastrukturentwicklung analysiert und strategischer und organisatorischer Reformbedarf identifiziert, um dem Ziel der Entwicklung eines 100%-Erneuerbare-Energiesystem gerecht zu werden. Zum anderen werden konkrete Hinweise für die Ausgestaltung einer Energieinfrastrukturentwicklung für ein 100%-Erneuerbare-Energiesystem gegeben, die sich strikt an der Einhaltung der Pariser Klimaziele und einem abgeleiteten CO2-Budget orientiert. Die Energieinfrastrukturentwicklung für ein 100%-Erneuerbare-Energiesystem erfordert strategische und organisatorische Reformen. Eine zielorientierte Systementwicklungsstrategie (SES) kann zentrale Weichen stellen, muss jedoch kohärenter mit „Klimaneutralitätszielen“ abgestimmt und operativ reformiert werden. Strukturelle Defizite, insbesondere die getrennte Planung von Strom und Gas, führen zu Fehleinschätzungen des Infrastrukturbedarfs. Die SES sollte auf einer integrierten, offenen Szenarienplanung basieren, Bürger*innenbeteiligung stärken und eine dezentralisierte Energieversorgung fördern. Der Fokus liegt auf 100%-EES, Berücksichtigung von Suffizienz-Szenarien und der Vermeidung fossiler Lock-ins, um das 1,5°C-Ziel zu erreichen.
Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick
Authors: Präger Fabian 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Auf der Grundlage der vorausgegangenen Analysen in Teil I (Kapitel 1–2) und den Fallstudien in Teil II (Kapitel 3–7) werden in Teil III (Kapitel 8) thesenhafte Überlegungen zu den Herausforderungen der Entwicklung und Umsetzung eines 100%-Erneuerbaren-Energiesystem, dem „eigentlichen Energieproblem im 21. Jahrhundert“, formuliert. Daraufhin werden die Grundpfeiler einer 100%-Erneuerbaren-Energien-Ökonomie (100%-EEÖ) entwickelt. Diese Grundpfeiler fassen alle Erkenntnisse der Arbeit zusammen, weisen auf einen möglichen Forschungshorizont hin und bilden somit die Schlussfolgerungen und die Synthese dieses Buches.
The utility of flexible and navigable suction access sheath (FANS) in patients undergoing same session flexible ureteroscopy for bilateral renal calculi: a global prospective multicenter analysis by EAU endourology
Authors: Gauhar Vineet , Somani Bhaskar , Castellani Daniele , Fong Khi Yung , Gadzhiev Nariman , Persaud Satyendra , Hamri Saeed Bin , Chai Chu Ann , Tursunkulov Azimdjon , Tanidir Yiloren , Soebhali Boyke , Shrestha Anil , Ragoori Deepak , Elshazly Mohamed , Gokce Mehmet Ilker , Malkhasyan Vigen , Farahat Yasser , Herrmann Thomas , Traxer Olivier , Yuen Steffi Kar Kei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the 30-day stone-free rate and peri-operative outcomes of flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) with flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheaths (FANS) in adults undergoing same-sitting bilateral retrograde intrarenal surgery (SSB-RIRS).

Methods
Prospectively data of 115 adult patients with bilateral kidney stone disease undergoing SSB-RIRS across 14 global centers between July 2023 and March 2024 were analyzed. Patient demographics, stone characteristics and operative outcomes were recorded. A low-dose non contrast CT scan was performed at 30 days to assess the stone-free rate and clinical outcomes.

Results
Overall bilateral zero residual fragment(ZRF) was 42.6%; unilateral ZRF was 75.7%. Only two patients were noted to have residual fragments > 4 mm. 1.7% experienced Traxer-Thomas grade 1 ureteric injury which was managed with a ureteral stent for four weeks. No pelvicalyceal injury occured. Postoperative mean loin pain score was 1.7 ± 1.0. None had sepsis nor required blood transfusion. 4.3% required readmission within 30 days of surgery. Multivariate analysis indicated longer total operation time correlated with lower odds of achieving a 100% bilateral stone-free (ZRF) (OR 0.978, 95%CI = 0.959–0.994, p = 0.013).

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter study demonstrating the use of FANS in SSB-RIRS can achieve bilateral ZRF with low complication and re-intervention rates. However, prolonged surgical time may negatively impact outcomes. The indications of bilateral renal stones management with FURS can be expanded in appropriate chosen patients.