bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Author’s Modality of Didactic Text and Reader’s Perception (by Example of A. G. Dymov’s “Adab”)
Authors: Kazharova I. A. , Kuchukova Z. A. , Berberova L. B. 
Published: August 2020

Aspects of the author’s modality manifestation and related features of didactic text perception are considered. The authors briefly describe the reflection of didactic discourse in the literary reception, argue the importance of identifying the author’s modality in the moralizing texts presented in the educational literature. Based on a specific material, the authors study the forms of expression of the author’s consciousness and the specifics of perception of the didactic text. The defining role of background knowledge in a situation when the reader and the author of a didactic work belong to different eras is shown. Expressions of modality in the present article are determined by the choice of genre and interaction between the author’s consciousness with the laws of the genre, points of view dominant in the text and the regularities of their interactions, the choice of character and characters, the degree of categoricity of the author’s “I.” Examples are given from the didactic works of A. G. Dymov (“Adab”), whose work has not yet been considered from the position of semantic expressiveness of the subject of the author’s plan involved in it. Despite the fact that the measure of subjectivity in a didactic text intended for educational purposes should be minimal, and their aesthetics can be unassuming, it is proved on a specific material that the recognition of forms of author’s modality allows not only to specify the author’s value attitudes, but also to judge in many ways the reasons that hold attention when reading such texts.
Poetics of Magical Realism in Sarah Ruhl’s сomedy “The Clean House”
Authors: Matvienko A. I. , Solopina G. A. 
Published: August 2020

The article examines the features of magical realism as a direction of literature, as well as some of the characteristic features of American drama. The history of performances of the play “The Clean House” by the American playwright Sarah Ruhl is presented in the paper, and also a brief overview of critical articles about these theatrical performances is offered. The study proves that the play "The Clean House" can be viewed in the context of magical realism, based on a number of characteristic features, such as metaphysics, conventionality, rejection of psychological explanations of the characters’ actions, the presence of two realities, distortion of space and time, existential problems. It is noted that these features are manifested at the level of compositional construction, speech organization of the play, chronotope, content. It is shown that a metaphysically closed space is materially open, and time in the play is leveled, stopped and determined by the subjective experiences of the characters. Laughter is nominated as the key concept of the play, linking the spatio-temporal organization of the text with its ontological content since through laughter the idea of the immortality of the heroes’ love, which acquires a sacred meaning is affirmed in the play. It is emphasized that the poetics of the “magical” makes it possible to realize the ontological or existential meaning of the play, to show the coexistence of the miraculous and the ordinary.
Poetic Formula “I see” in K. N. Batyushkov’s Work: Creative Assimila-tion of the Derzhavin Tradition
Authors: Potashova K. A. 
Published: August 2020

The author analyses the visual metaphors of K. N. Batyushkov’s poetry, in which he acts as the creative heir to the artistic style of G. R. Derzhavin. The urgency of the problem is connected with the need to clarify the features of the creative method of K. N. Batyushkov in the aspect of his assimilation of the Derzhavin tradition. The novelty of the research is connected with the expansion of ideas about the poetics of the visual in Russian poetry of the early 19th century, in particular, in the work of K. N. Batyushkov. It is proved that K. N. Batyushkov represents vision as a process of cognition of the world. The mechanisms of K. N. Batyushkov’s transformation of visually perceived world in an artistic image are considered, the artistic thinking of the poet is reconstructed. It is revealed that the model of creating a visual verbal image in K. N. Batyushkov’s work is based on the poetic formula “I see.” It is shown that K. N. Batyushkov emphasizes the position of the observer, reflecting at the same time on the diversity and greatness of God’s world, on the cause-and-effect relationship of reality phenomena. It is established that a special place is given to the representation of historical events in the work of the poet: through the poetic formula “I see” K. N. Batyushkov places himself inside the picture, which corresponds to the emerging aesthetics of romanticism with its cult of personal perception of reality.
On Problem of Meaning of Three-Legged Horse in Religious and Mythological Representations of Ossetians
Authors: Darchiev A. V. 
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the image of a wonderful three-legged horse belonging, according to the religious views of Ossetians, to Uastyrdzhi — the heavenly patron of men, warriors and travellers. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that Uastyrdzhi is one of the main actors of the Ossetian saga and mythology, so a thorough study of all the stories and characters associated with Uastyrdzhi contributes to a more complete reconstruction of traditional religious and mythological representations of Ossetians. In addition, this study is a response to the increased public interest in this issue in Ossetia, which has recently acquired a debatable character. The common interpretation of the three-legged motif of the miraculous horse as its transformed “fire-legged” is criticized. An extensive comparative material is presented, showing the prevalence of the image of a three-legged horse in folklore and mythological systems of different peoples of the world. The author comes to the conclusion that three-legged motif is one of the manifestations of solar symbolism of a horse in mythology. Attention is paid to the psychopompic function inherent in the image of a three-legged horse. The novelty of the research is seen in attracting new arguments for the interpretation of three-legged motif (primarily data from Indo-Iranian mythology), which previously remained outside the researchers’ attention.
Insurrectionary Movement in the Cossack Regions of the South of Russia: Causes and Political Forms in 1920—1924
Authors: Yakhutl Yu. A. , Kasyanov V. V. 
Published: August 2020

On the example of the insurrectionary movement of the Cossacks and peasants of the Don and Kuban in the early 1920s, one of the most difficult issues in the history of the transition from the policy of war communism to the new economic policy is considered. The reasons and manifestations of the insurrection in the South of Russia in 1920—1924, its influence on the content of reforms in the region are revealed. The features of the “white-green” movement in the southern Russian stanitsas, conditioned by the historically established order of land use, the forms of stanitsa self-government, the estate and class composition of the population, are established. It is noted that the relevance of the study increases in the context of rethinking the reforms of Russian society, the need to strengthen the social base of reforms and conflict resolution. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time we consider the insurrectionary movement not as a class confrontation, but as a confrontation between the authorities and the South Russian community, represented by various estate, class groups and socio-political movements. The factors for regulating the conflict during the transition to NEP have been established. The author comes to the conclusion that the “pacification” of the Cossack regions of the South of Russia took place not only through the active use of the regular units of the Red Army and security forces, but also through compromise decisions that became the basis for the start of economic reforms.
On Changes in Complex Sentences Syntax in the Russian Language of the 17<sup>th</sup> Century (on Material of Siberian Petitions)
Authors: Inyutina L. A. , Shilnikova T. S. 
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the problem of forming grammatical (syntactic) norms of the Russian national language based on the material of Siberian monuments of business writing of the 17th century. Relevance of the work is determined by the fact that Russian syntax and the history of the Russian language in Siberia are insufficiently studied, as well as by the need to expand the source base of such research. Scientific novelty of the work consists in the study of historical syntax of the complex sentences in the texts of Siberian petitions, most of which are not published and has not previously been brought to the historical-grammatical research. The high source value and linguistic informativeness of the Siberian petitions of the 17th century are proved. These texts analyze complex sentences with paratactic and hypotactic connections. The article traces the peculiarities of their use in monuments of local business writing in the aspect of developing syntactic norms of the Russian national language. The arsenal of compositional and subordinate conjunctions used in such sentences is defined. The changes in the structure of complex sentences are found out. They reflect live folk speech, language consciousness of the Russian people in Siberia and at the same time they are typical for the syntactic system of the Russian national language in the initial period of its formation.
Growth Response of Seedlings of Flame Azalea to Manual and Chemical Pinching
Authors: Malek Asiah A. , Blazich Frank A. , Warren Stuart L. , Shelton James E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Seedlings of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr] were subjected to the following manual pinching treatments at the 10-,12-,14-,or 16-leaf stage: no pinching, removal of the terminal two nodes [approximately 1.25 cm (0.5 in)] and removal of terminal growth[approximately 2.5-5.0 cm (1-2 in)] leaving six nodes. The greatest number of lateral shoots (5.3) was produced by removing the terminal two nodes at the 16-leaf stage. Generally, the number of lateral shoots increased with the leaf stage at which manual pinching was imposed. Removal of terminal growth, leaving six nodes, resulted in the lowest leaf, stem and root dry weights at each leaf stage. In a second experiment, dikegulac [Atrimmec;sodium salt of 2,3:4,6-bis-0-(l-methylethylidene)-α-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid], at 0, 2000, 4000, 6000 or 8000 ppm, was applied to both nonpinched and manually-pinched plants (removal of the terminal two nodes at the 16-leaf stage). Dikegulac (Atrimmec) treatment significantly affected the nurnber of lateral shoots and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots. The number of lateral shoots increased linearly with concentration up to 4000 ppm. At 6000 and 8000 ppm, the average number of shoots produced (9.4 and 9.6, respectively) was similar to 4000 ppm. Both pinched and nonpinched plants treated with dikegulac (Atrimmec) produced more lateral shoots than manual pinching alone. Dry weights of leaves, stems and roots decreased as the concentration increased. However, the number of lateral shoots and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots of pinched and nonpinched plants were not significantly different when treated with dikegulac (Atrimmec)
Growth and Flowering of ‘Alice du Pont’ Mandevilla in Response to Sumagic
Authors: Deneke C. Frederick , Keever Gary J. , McGuire John A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Vegetative growth of ‘Alice du Pont’ mandevilla can be controlled by selection of an appropriate foliar application rate of Sumagic (uniconazole) and application interval. A single application of 5 to 20 ppm ai Sumagic (uniconazole) controlled vegetative growth for only 3 to 4 weeks; after this time, growth rates were similar to control plants. Multiple applications of 5 to 20 ppm ai Sumagic (uniconazole) effectively restricted vegetative growth; as the concentration of Sumagic (uniconazole) increased, the interval between applications increased from about 4 (5 ppm) to 6 (20 ppm) weeks. A single application of higher rates (30 to 120 ppm) of Sumagic (uniconazole) was phytotoxic. Generally, time to flowering increased and flower diameter decreased when application rate increased.
Evidence for Resistance of Deciduous Azaleas to Azalea Lace Bug
Authors: Braman S. Kristine , Pendley Andrew F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Five deciduous Rhododendron species (R. albamense Rehder, R. austrinum (Small) Rehder, R. calendulaceum (Michaux) Torrey, R. canescens (Michaux) sweet, and R. prunifolium (Small) Millais) were tested for resistance to oviposition by the azalea lace bug (ALB), Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott). Control plants were R. mucronatum ‘Delaware Valley White’ (DVW), a susceptible evergreen variety. Rhododendron canescens and R. prunifolium were the least suitable for adult survival and the most resistant to oviposition in no-choice tests repeated six times during a two year study. All deciduous species were significantly less preferred than DVW early in the season corresponding with activity of first generation ALB adults. In late season assays corresponding to activity of second and third generation ALB adults, only R. canescens was consistently less preferred than DVW.
Postemergence Grass Herbicide Activity Changes with Adjuvant and pH and Sodium Level in Spray Solutions
Authors: Whitwell Ted , Kalmowitz Kathie E. , Stapleton Greg S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Water quality is known to affect herbicide efficacy. Nursery well water containing naturally high pH and sodium levels was evaluated as spray solution for the postemergence grass herbicides Poast (sethoxydim), Fusilade (fluazifop P) and Acclaim (fenoxapropethyl). Using crabgrass as a test plant, high pH & sodium solution water reduced the effectiveness of all herbicides in one study. Other studies revealed that Poast (sethoxydim) was influenced the most with high pH & sodium water while the activity of Fusilade (fluazifop-P) and Acclaim (fenoxaprop-ethyl) was less affected. The solution water inhibition of Poast (sethoxydim) was overcome when Dash (a proprietary blend of surfactants used as a replacement for oil concentrate) was used as an adjuvant.
Microclimates and Tree Growth in Three Urban Spaces
Authors: Kjelgren Roger K. , Clark James R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Microclimates characteristic of urban park, plaza, and canyon spaces were related to physiology and growth of even-aged sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) street trees. Microclimates, tree growth, and physiological responses were characterized diurnally and seasonally. Park and plaza sites received unobstructed sunlight while the canyon was limited to four hours of direct solar radiation in midsummer. Potential seasonal insolation was 44% of the potential maximum at the canyon and over 90% at the park. Afternoon air temperatures and vapor pressure deficits were somewhat greater at the plaza than the other two sites, and potential pan evaporation was nearly 50% greater over the season. Tree growth at the plaza and canyon acclimated physiologically and developmentally to the prevailing environmental conditions. Thinner leaves and less trunk growth when compared with the park were indications of shade acclimation in the canyon trees. This did not, however, appear to affect crown size or shoot growth of canyon trees. In contrast, plaza trees were sparse and stunted, exhibiting diminished crown size and diameter increment when compared with tree at the other sites. Less favorable water relations suggested that chronically higher evaporative demand and limited soil resources restricted growth of the plaza trees. Park, plaza, and canyon designations of urban spaces can provide a useful framework for predicting microclimatic factors that can affect tree growth for an urban site. Long-term growth and development, however, with in any of these urban spaces will depend on interactions with existing soil conditions.
Factors Affecting Fungicidal Control of Entomosporium Leaf Spot of Photinia
Authors: Walker J.T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Entomosporium leaf spot of photinia (Photinia × fraseri Dress) was epidemic throughout most of Georgia and much of the Southeast during the spring of 1991. It has been endemic for many years. The relatively high minimum temperatures recorded in December–March 1990–91 in concert with 52 days of rain during this period were conducive to disease development. Currently recommended fungicides are effective for control if they are applied on a weekly basis. Newer fungicides were effective against the fungus in laboratory culture, but labels are not approved for application to landscape or nursery plants. Spray nozzle types (flat or full cone) delivering 5 to 7 ml per second of fungicide were as effective for disease control as spray nozzles delivering four to five times more volume.
Effect of Preemergent Herbicide Application on Rooting and Subsequent Liner Growth of Selected Nursery Crops
Authors: Davies Fred T. , Duray Sharon A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Unrooted cuttings of Lantana ‘New Gold’, Hibiscus ‘White Lephrechaun’, Asian jasmine and Burford holly were propagated under intermittent mist with flats treated with three rates (1/2×, 1× and 2× recommended rates) of oxyfluorfen:pendimethalin (OH2), oxadiazon (Ronstar), oxyfluorfen:oryzalin (Rout), metolachlor (Pennant), pendimethalin (Southern Weedgrass Control), isoxaben:oryzalin (Snapshot), prodiamine (Barricade) and dithiopyr (Dimension). After rooting, cuttings were removed from intermittent mist and grown on as liners. Rooting and liner growth of Hibiscus and Asian jasmine were the most and least herbicide sensitive, respectively. Hibiscus was sensitive to all dithiopyr (Dimension) rates, particularly during liner growth. Sensitivity to herbicides in the propagation of cuttings was dependent on the herbicide, rate and species. Herbicides applied at the recommended rates (1×) controlled all broadleaf and grass weed species evaluated, except for poor yellow woodsorrel control with metolachlor.
Influence of Field-grow Fabric Containers and Various Soil Amendments on the Growth of Green Ash
Authors: Henderson-Cole Janet C. , Hensley David L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The influence of field-grow fabric containers (FGFC) and soil amendments (hydrophilic gel, peat and slow release fertilizer) on green ash height and caliper were studied for two years. Green ash seedlings were grown in 30.5 cm (12 in) FGFC or without root restriction throughout the study period. Heights and calipers increased less in plants grown with FGFC than in those without the containers during both growing seasons. Soil amendments had little effect on plant growth throughout the study period.
Cultural Practices Used by Georgia's Expanding Blueberry Industry
Authors: Florkowski Wojciech J. , Hubbard E.E. , Krewer Gerard W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Blueberry growers in Georgia were surveyed to obtain information on the use of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers and cultural practices including mowing, cultivating, and pruning. The state was divided into two regions for the purpose of comparing the primary blueberry production region (southeastern Georgia) with other less concentrated production regions. Survey results for the whole state revealed that almost all surveyed growers fertilized plants and mowed between rows. Pruning and herbicide use were reported by about two-thirds of growers. Pruning was not always performed on an annual basis. Only 20% of growers used fungicides and insecticides. Differences in the chemical input use and application of cultural practices existed between growers located in the two regions and growers operating different size fields. The descriptive analysis of the results was followed by specification and estimation of logit relationships between the use of specific chemical input or practice and a set of independent variables. Insecticide use was positively related to complaints of insect damage to plants while herbicide use was positively related to the use of irrigation systems. Growers who did not report weed problems were less likely to use herbicides. Cultivation was a more frequent practice in the primary growing region than in other parts of the state. Pruning was positively influenced by the expectations of high yields.
Frequency of Iron Application Influences Bermudagrass Tolerance to Herbicides
Authors: Carrow Robert N. , Johnson B. Jack 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Postemergence herbicides used for weed control in bermudagrasses (Cynodon spp.) often cause turf injury. A field experiment was initiated to determine the effect of multiple foliar-iron (Fe) applications for reducing injury from postemergence herbicides on ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × C. dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Iron was applied at 1 to 4 applications at 1.12 kg Fe/ha (1.0 lb/A) per treatment on a 4-day interval. Herbicides were applied at recommended rates. When bermudagrass was treated with either Image (Imazaquin), {2-[4, 5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid}, MSMA (monosodium salt of MAA), and MSMA plus Image or Sencor (Metribuzin), [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one], 2 Fe applications caused only slight turf color improvement compared to 1 Fe. Three Fe applications compared to 1 Fe, however, significantly enhanced turf color by 1 to 10% in combination with all herbicides for 16 to 26 days after initial treatment. The 4 Fe treatment provided only minor improvement in degree of color or duration of color response versus 3 Fe. Iron did not influence any shoot density loss caused by herbicides. On high-maintenance turf where discoloration is objectionable, the use of multiple Fe applications would be feasible for reducing herbicide-induced color loss.
Comparative Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Selected Woody Landscape Shrub and Tree Taxa to Varying Concentrations of IBA in Talc, Ethanol and Glycol Carriers
Authors: Chong Calvin , Allen O.B. , Barnes H.W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Stem cuttings of five evergreen and vie deciduous taxa were rooted after treatment with 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 0.8% indolebutyric acid (IBA) in talc, or with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0% IBA in 95% ethanol or in 45% propylene glycol. Despite large differences in the rooting response of taxa to carriers and (or) IBA concentrations, propylene glycol-IBA treatments produced rooting in most taxa comparable to those of ethanol-IBA. Root numbers of the 14 taxa increased linearly or curvilinearly with increasing concentrations of IBA dissolved in ethanol or propylene glycol, as did percent rooting of six of the nine evergreen and four of the five deciduous taxa. Talc formulations were generally less effective than IBA in solution at comparable concentrations.