bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baicalin inhibits Salmonella typhimurium‐induced inflammation and mediates autophagy through TLR4/MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Ling , Sun Yuan , Xu Wei , Geng Yu , Su Yuhong , Wang Qiuning , Wang Jinli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBaicalin has been reported to protect mice against Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection, while its molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and observation time were measured. Cell viability and LDH levels were examined in RAW264.7 cells and H9 cells. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with S typhimurium in the presence or absence of Baicalin, and the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined by fluorescence microscopy and ELISA. The autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathway were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The results indicated that MOI of 30 and duration of autophagy evident at 5 h were applicable to this study. Baicalin prevented death of macrophages, promoted bactericidal activity, decreased the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and ROS and reduced the changes of key biomarkers in autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathway infected by S typhimurium. TLR4‐overexpressed cells, autophagy and TLR4/MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathway were activated by S typhimurium, which was suppressed by Baicalin. Our findings indicated that Baicalin exerts anti‐inflammatory and cell‐protective effects, and it mediates autophagy by down‐regulating the activity of TLR4 infected by S typhimurium.
Children’s intergroup gender bias and self‐perceived same‐ and other‐gender similarity
Authors: Peragine Diana E. , Gill Bhajan , Troisi Victoria V. , MacMullin Laura N. , VanderLaan Doug P. 
Published: September 2020

Children display intergroup bias in relation to gender. The present study examined whether children’s self‐perceived same‐ and other‐gender similarity were related to their same‐ and other‐gender positivity and negativity, respectively. Children aged 6–10 years (N = 149) were interviewed about their self‐perceived similarity to girls and to boys and about the extent to which they thought positive and negative characteristics applied to boys and to girls. Among girls, greater self‐perceived other‐gender similarity was associated with more negativity towards the same gender. Similar to previous research, intergroup gender bias was more pronounced among girls, and children rated themselves as having more same‐ than other‐gender similarity, with this pattern being more pronounced in boys. Thus, this study provides evidence suggesting that other‐gender similarity is related to girls’ negative attributions towards girls. It also replicates previous findings regarding gender differences in children’s intergroup gender bias and gender similarity, respectively.
ACPS: An accurate bioinformatics tool for precision‐based anti‐cancer peptide generation via omics data
Authors: Kaushik Aman Chandra , Li Mengyang , Mehmood Aamir , Dai Xiaofeng , Wei Dong‐Qing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe anti‐cancer targets play a crucial role in the signaling processes of cells, and therefore, it becomes nearly impossible to engage these targets without affecting the native cellular function. Thus, an approach has been taken to develop an anti‐cancer Scanner (ACPS) tool aimed toward the recognition of anti‐cancer marks in the form of peptides. The proposed ACPS tool allows fast fingerprinting of the anti‐cancer targets having extreme significance in the current bioinformatics research. There already exist some tools that offer these features on a single platform; however, the performance of ACPS was compared with the preexisting online tools and was observed that ACPS offers greater than 95% accuracy that is comparatively much higher. The anti‐cancer marked sequences of proteins supplied by the operators are scanned against the anti‐cancer target datasets via ACPS and provide precision‐based anti‐cancer peptides. The proposed tool has been contrived in PERL programming language, and this tool is the extended version of A‐CaMP codes, which are highly scalable having an extensible application in cancer biology with robust coding architecture. The availability of tools like ACPS will greatly benefit researchers in the field of oncology and structure‐based drug design.
Impact of periprocedural subcutaneous parathyroid hormone on control of hypocalcaemia in APS‐1/APECED patients undergoing invasive procedures
Authors: Winer Karen K. , Schmitt Monica M. , Ferre Elise M. N. , Fennelly Kevin P. , Olivier Kenneth N. , Heller Theo , Lionakis Michail S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextThe monogenic disorder autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS‐1) or autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) manifests frequently with hypoparathyroidism, which requires treatment with oral supplementation with calcium and active vitamin D analogs. The majority of APS‐1/APECED patients also suffer from intestinal malabsorption, which complicates the management of hypoparathyroidism and may lead to refractory severe hypocalcaemia. In such situations, reliance on intravenous calcium carries a high risk of nephrocalcinosis and renal damage.MethodsHere, we report our experience of periprocedural subcutaneous administration of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH 1‐34) in APS‐1/APECED patients. Serum calcium was measured up to five times within the 36‐hour period starting the evening before the scheduled procedure and ending the morning following the procedure.ResultsTwenty‐seven APS‐1/APECED patients with hypoparathyroidism (aged 4‐67 years) underwent 31 invasive gastrointestinal and/or pulmonary procedures. The patients received an average rhPTH1‐34 dose of 9.6 ± 1.4 µg by subcutaneous injection. 92% of the adults and 54% of children in our cohort had evidence of nephrocalcinosis. Mean calcium levels remained stable and ranged from 2.06 to 2.17 mmol/L with minimal fluctuation. None of our patients experienced periprocedural adverse events connected with hypocalcaemia.ConclusionrhPTH 1‐34 is an alternative to conventional therapy in patients with APS‐1/APECED and hypoparathyroidism undergoing invasive procedures. Subcutaneous PTH1‐34 given directly before and after procedures resulted in well‐controlled serum calcium levels maintained in the low‐normal range and avoided the need for intravenous calcium which may contribute to renal calcifications and tubular damage.
Neuro‐SPECT: On the development and function of brain emission tomography in the Copenhagen area
Authors: Lassen Anders , Stokely Ernest , Vorstrup Sissel , Goldman Tomasz , Henriksen Jens H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis review describes the development of single‐photon emission tomography (SPECT) in the Copenhagen area under the leadership of the internationally renown scientist, Niels A. Lassen, and the history leading up to construction of the tomograph. Measurements of global cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the 1940s and 1950s were performed by Kety & Schmidt and Lassen & Munck. Determination of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by intra‐arterial injection of 133Xe and measurement with a 254‐multicrystal scintillation detector and a computer system was a major step forward in the study of physiology and pathophysiology of cortical cerebral blood flow. Tomography with radioisotope ligands, including non‐invasive administration, was advanced in different centres during the 1970s. An emission tomograph, the Tomomatic 64, was developed as a result of a multidisciplinary Danish and international collaboration. It was the first emission tomograph to provide dynamic data that could produce cross‐sectional rCBF images. The present description of the construction and function of the Tomomatic 64 includes comparison with other contemporary and later brain‐dedicated SPECT systems. Basic and clinical application of the Tomomatic 64 in Copenhagen resulted in several hundred important scientific publications and improved diagnostics for patients with a variety of neurological disorders. It is concluded that the development of the Tomomatic 64 was a major step forward in the study and examination of rCBF and brain function related to several brain disorders, in addition to vascular diseases.
Increased MxA protein expression and dendritic cells in spongiotic dermatitis differentiates dermatomyositis from eczema in a single‐center case‐control study
Authors: Zeidi Majid , Chen Kristen L. , Patel Basil , Ravishankar Adarsh , Lim Rachel , Werth Victoria P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermatomyositis (DM) is conventionally characterized by interface dermatitis (ID) on skin histopathology. A subset of DM patients has skin biopsies showing spongiotic dermatitis (SD), a histopathology more commonly seen in eczema. In this study, we aimed to (a) identify the percentage of clinically diagnosed DM patients with SD skin biopsies, (b) identify cytokine and cell markers that can help determine if a SD skin biopsy is consistent with DM.MethodsIn this case‐control study, biopsy specimens from ten DM patients with SD (DM‐SD) were compared to specimens from ten healthy controls, ten patients with eczema, and 12 patients with DM with ID (DM‐ID). Specimens were stained by immunohistochemistry for MxA, IFN‐β, CD11c, and BDCA2. One‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparison test was used to compare protein expression between groups.ResultsEleven of 164 (6.7%) patients with a clinical diagnosis of DM at our tertiary care center were identified as having SD. MxA, IFN‐β, CD11c, and BDCA2 protein expression was significantly higher in DM‐SD compared to eczema and healthy controls. Expressions of MxA, IFN‐β, and BDCA2 were not significantly different between DM‐SD and DM‐ID.ConclusionIncreased MxA, IFN‐β, CD11c, and BDCA2 protein expression may aid in distinguishing between DM‐SD and eczema and warrants further investigation.
Adult‐onset inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus: Immunohistochemical studies and review of the literature
Authors: Tseng Hui‐Wen , Liao Jia‐Bin , Wei Yu‐An 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdult‐onset inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is an uncommon cutaneous disease compared to childhood‐onset ILVEN. The typical histopathologic features are alternating parakeratosis and orthokeratosis with an absent granular layer underneath parakeratosis, in contrast to a thickened granular layer below the foci of orthokeratosis in psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia. Herein, we present a 49‐year‐old woman with typical clinical and histopathologic characteristics of adult‐onset ILVEN, including linear arrangement of thick scaly papules and plaques localized on the medial side of her right leg, ankle, and foot. Immunohistochemical studies included involucrin, Ki‐67, and keratin‐10. Compared to the staining pattern in psoriasis, the expression of involucrin in this case was of lower intensity and localized to upper epidermal layers with relatively less extensive staining beneath regions of parakeratosis as compared to orthokeratosis; Ki‐67 showed lower basal layer proliferative activity; and keratin‐10 showed a greater intensity of staining within suprabasal epidermis.
The TAXINOMISIS Project: A multidisciplinary approach for the development of a new risk stratification model for patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Timmerman Nathalie , Galyfos George , Sigala Fragiska , Thanopoulou Kalliopi , de Borst Gert J. , Davidovic Lazar , Eckstein Hans‐Henning , Filipovic Nenad , Grugni Roberto , Kallmayer Michael , de Kleijn Dominique P. V. , Koncar Igor , Mantzaris Michalis D. , Marchal Elisabeth , Matsagkas Miltiadis , Mutavdzic Perica , Palombo Domenico , Pasterkamp Gerard , Potsika Vassiliki T. , Andreakos Evangelos , Fotiadis Dimitrios I. ,   all partners of the TAXINOMISIS Consortium
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionAsymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) may cause future stroke and therefore patients with ACAS require best medical treatment. Patients at high risk for stroke may opt for additional revascularization (either surgery or stenting) but the future stroke risk should outweigh the risk for peri/post‐operative stroke/death. Current risk stratification for patients with ACAS is largely based on outdated randomized‐controlled trials that lack the integration of improved medical therapies and risk factor control. Furthermore, recent circulating and imaging biomarkers for stroke have never been included in a risk stratification model. The TAXINOMISIS Project aims to develop a new risk stratification model for cerebrovascular complications in patients with ACAS and this will be tested through a prospective observational multicentre clinical trial performed in six major European vascular surgery centres.Methods and analysisThe risk stratification model will compromise clinical, circulating, plaque and imaging biomarkers. The prospective multicentre observational study will include 300 patients with 50%‐99% ACAS. The primary endpoint is the three‐year incidence of cerebrovascular complications. Biomarkers will be retrieved from plasma samples, brain MRI, carotid MRA and duplex ultrasound. The TAXINOMISIS Project will serve as a platform for the development of new computer tools that assess plaque progression based on radiology images and a lab‐on‐chip with genetic variants that could predict medication response in individual patients.ConclusionResults from the TAXINOMISIS study could potentially improve future risk stratification in patients with ACAS to assist personalized evidence‐based treatment decision‐making.
The role of methylprednisolone on preventing disease progression for hospitalized patients with severe COVID‐19
Authors: Yang Rongrong , Xiong Yong , Ke Hengning , Chen Tielong , Gao Shicheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is a public health emergency that is spreading worldwide and seriously affecting the global economy. Data on the effectiveness and safety of the use of methylprednisolone for patients with severe COVID‐19 remain limited.MethodsIn this retrospective study, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, treatment and outcomes data of hospitalized patients with severe COVID‐19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1 to 7 March 2020, were collected. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyse risk factors for disease progression from severe COVID‐19 illness to critical illness. The effectiveness and safety of the use of methylprednisolone for patients with severe COVID‐19 disease were evaluated.ResultsThe results of the multivariate analysis from 175 patients with severe COVID‐19 indicate that the use of methylprednisolone was a protective factor against disease progression from severe to critical illness(P < .001; OR: 0.054 95% CI: 0.017‐0.173). Among patients with severe COVID‐19 aged < 65 years, both the proportion of patients who progressed to critical illness (42.2% vs 90.0%, P = .000) and the mortality(6.7% vs 30.0%, P = .002) were lower for patients in methylprednisolone group, compared with those in the non‐methylprednisolone group, whereas no statistical differences between the methylprednisolone group and the non‐methylprednisolone group were found among patients with COVID‐19 older than 65 years. Moreover, both the levels of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (646 vs 463/µL, P = .007) and IL‐6 (241.9 vs 82.8 pg/mL, P = .025) were higher among patients with severe COVID‐19 aged < 65 years, compared with those patients ≥ 65 years old.ConclusionData from the limited sample showed that the early use of low or medium doses of methylprednisolone has a positive effect for patients with severe COVID‐19 younger than 65 years old, and excessive immune response and cytokine storm may be some of the reasons for the effectiveness.
Host recognition by the egg–larval parasitoid Chelonus inanitus: effects of physical and chemical cues
Authors: Ohsaki Beniha , Shingyouchi Takaaki , Sato Yukie , Kainoh Yooichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParasitoid wasps are widely used as biocontrol agents. For successful deployment, it is important to know how they search for and recognize their hosts. They often use chemical cues in host searching and recognition. Little attention has been paid to the use of physical cues, particularly when combined with chemical cues, though a combination of cues may improve searching efficiency. Chelonus inanitus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary, egg–larval parasitoid wasp that parasitizes various lepidopteran species, including serious crop pests. In this study, effects of physical and/or chemical cues on host recognition were investigated in C. inanitus by observing its antennal searching, ovipositor probing, and the duration of arrestment. In a physical cue test, egg‐mass models with glass beads differing in size were used, and a single‐egg model with a specific size of bead. Egg‐mass models with beads of 0.4–1.0 mm in diameter arrested C. inanitus, in accordance with egg size and arrangement of the host. In a chemical cue test, extract from egg masses of the host Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), equivalent to half of a host egg mass and extract diluted 100‐fold were used, and the undiluted extract stimulated C. inanitus. Untreated egg‐mass models (0.2‐mm‐diameter glass beads) and diluted egg extract arrested C. inanitus less effectively; however, when glass beads were treated with the diluted extract, arrestment increased to the same degree as the undiluted extract. These results suggest that C. inanitus uses both physical and chemical cues to recognize eggs of its host, S. litura, and that these stimuli act synergistically.
Predation and reproduction of the generalist predator Nabis pseudoferus preying on Tuta absoluta
Authors: Mahdavi Taiebe Sadat , Madadi Hossein , Biondi Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe damsel bug, Nabis pseudoferus Remane (Hemiptera: Namidae), is a generalist predator of small arthropods, including key insect pests of vegetable crops. In this study, we characterized the predation and development of various N. pseudoferus life stages when preying on the eggs and first‐ and fourth‐instar nymphs of the invasive South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). These findings were compared to those of the bug’s common prey, cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Of the life stages tested, females showed the highest predation rate on all tested prey, due to their high longevity, large body, and great energy requirements for reproduction. The predator’s oviposition rate was clearly influenced by prey type, and was highest when feeding on fourth instars of T. absoluta. Considering the zoophytophagy of most of the life stages of other mirid species of tomato, and the lower propensity of N. pseudoferus to feed on plants, these results show that this species can be considered as a key indigenous natural enemy for sustainable pest control packages against T. absoluta in newly invaded areas.
The “Painting by Numbers Method” for education of students in crown preparation
Authors: Höhne Christian , Jentzsch Antonio , Schmitter Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionNo commercially available solution to improve the teaching of a crown preparation directly on typodont teeth exists at the moment. To fill this gap and support the supervisors of dental courses, a printable and inexpensive tooth was created for structured self‐assessment. The aim of this study was to test this printable tooth under realistic pre‐clinical situations.Materials and methodsA two‐coloured, double‐layer practice tooth was developed. This tooth was consisting of a layer for a correct preparation and the crown. All printed teeth were produced with a stereolithographic printer. 35 voluntary second‐year dental students in the second pre‐clinical course in prosthodontics were randomly divided into two groups. All students had experience with typodont teeth and models. The first group was trained on four standard model teeth. The second group used model teeth for the first and fourth attempt and printed teeth for second and third attempt. The preparations of the students were scanned by an in‐lab scanner and the surface deviations in contrast to a perfect preparation were measured. The differences between the first and fourth attempt were calculated. Benefits of the printed tooth were also evaluated by a questionnaire using German school grades completed by the students (1 = Excellent, 2 = Good, 3 = Satisfactory, 4 = Adequate, 5 = Poor, 6 = Unsatisfactory).ResultsThe workflow was feasible and cost‐effective regarding the production of the printed teeth. The overall rating of the printed tooth in the questionnaire was good (Ø 2.1 ± 0.22). Students reported different advantages of this method in the free text. The comparison of the preparation between the first and fourth attempt showed that there was a significant better preparation with the printed teeth. The complete preparation had median values of 0.05 mm (Group1: standard model tooth) and −0.03 mm (Group2: printed tooth) (P = .005). Divided into single surfaces, the vestibular and occlusal regions were significantly better. The vestibular surface was 0.11 mm (Group1) and −0.04 mm (Group2) (P = .018). The occlusal surface was 0.13 mm (Group1) and −0.05 mm (Group2) (P = .009).ConclusionsThe aim of this study was fulfilled. The printed tooth was tested successfully in a pre‐clinical course. The feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed by the questionnaire and the analysis of the preparation form. A significant difference to a standard model tooth was measurable. The students had the possibility to learn a correct crown preparation on a standardised two‐layered tooth with included preparation. This printed tooth enabled the students to control the crown preparation directly on their own.
Making use of three‐dimensional models of teeth, manufactured by stereolithographic technology, in practical teaching of endodontics
Authors: Kustra Przemysław , Dobroś Katarzyna , Zarzecka Joanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionMaking use of 3D printed teeth models in teaching students offers an innovative approach. The mistakes made by the students at the access cavity stage were assessed with the aid of 3D models, and their overall, hands‐on learning progress was evaluated.Material and methodsNinety 3D models of teeth were constructed using stereolithographic technology and then randomly divided into 9 groups. One dentistry student was randomly assigned to each group and then performed primary access cavity in 10 identical 3D models. Then the teeth were evaluated in the order of their preparation, relative to the model tooth.ResultsThe material of 14 (15.5%) out of 90 teeth models sustained significant damage during the preparation. As regards the remaining 76 (84.5%) 3D models, the students committed the greatest number of mistakes on the incisors, and fewer on the molars and the least in the premolars. The difference in the number of errors between particular groups of teeth was statistically significant (P = .0001). The number of errors committed in subsequent repetitions amongst all students was significantly different for the incisors (P = .00215) and premolars (P = .00383), whereas insignificant in the case of molars (P = .77116).ConclusionsThanks to perfect representation of teeth anatomy; making use of 3D models in the teaching of endodontics may well be recommended as holding substantial potential in improving overall quality of training at the pre‐clinical stage, with a view to appreciably reducing overall risk of encountering complications during the actual clinical work.