bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary Excretion of Renal‐Clearable Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Tang Shaoheng , Huang Yingyu , Zheng Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSalivary elimination is an important pathway for the body to excrete small molecules with digestive enzymes. However, very few engineered nanoparticles can be excreted through salivary glands, which often host bacteria or viruses during infection and involve in disease transmission. Herein, we report that renal clearable glutathione coated AgNPs (GS‐AgNPs) can selectively accumulate in the submandibular salivary gland, followed by being excreted in its excretory duct. By conducting head‐to‐head comparison on in vivo transport and interactions of both GS‐AgNPs and glutathione coated gold nanoparticles (GS‐AuNPs) with the same sizes, we found that low‐density GS‐AgNPs showed much higher vascular permeability than GS‐AuNPs and can rapidly penetrate into submandibular salivary glands, be efficiently taken up by striated and excretory duct cells, and eventually secreted into saliva.
Site‐Specific C(sp3)–H Aminations of Imidates and Amidines Enabled by Covalently Tethered Distonic Radical Anions
Authors: Zhao Rong , Fu Kang , Fang Yuanding , Zhou Jia , Shi Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe utilization of N‐centered radicals to synthesize nitrogen‐containing compounds has attracted considerable attention recently, due to their powerful reactivities and the concomitant construction of C−N bonds. However, the generation and control of N‐centered radicals remain particularly challenging. We report a tethering strategy using SOMO‐HOMO‐converted distonic radical anions for the site‐specific aminations of imidates and amidines with aid of the non‐covalent interaction. This reaction features a remarkably broad substrate scope and also enables the late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism is thoroughly investigated through kinetic studies, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, revealing that the aminations likely involve direct homolytic cleavage of N−H bonds and subsequently controllable 1,5 or 1,6 hydrogen atom transfer.
Selective Bragg reflection of visible light from coaxial electrospun fiber mats
Authors: Singh Upindranath , Mohan Saeed , Davis Fredrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrospinning is a relatively unsophisticated technique for generating continuous fibers whose diameters can approach nanoscale dimensions. In coaxial electrospinning, two different liquids can be spun, one inside the other, to produce a composite fiber with a core‐sheath structure. We prepared dual‐core fibers consisting of poly vinyl‐pyrrolidone sheaths and cores of the short‐pitched chiral nematic mixture CB15:E9. The flow rates, polymer concentration, and applied voltage were optimized prior to fiber production. The fibers were deposited as uniform nonwoven mats that displayed selective reflection of visible light from the blue phase of the confined chiral liquid crystal. These reflections are both temperature dependent and reversible and such mats offer potential as flexible sensors.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluorpropylene)/polyaniline conductive blends: Effect of the mixing procedure on the electrical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness
Authors: Pontes Ketly , Indrusiak Tamara , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/polyaniline (PVDF‐co‐HFP/PAni) conductive blends were prepared by two methodologies involving the in situ polymerization in two different media and dry blending approach using ball milling. Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) was used both as surfactant and as protonating agent in PAni synthesis. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used for characterizing the blends. PAni and PVDF/PAni prepared by in situ polymerization in H2O/toluene medium exhibited superior electrical conductivity, higher thermal stability and significantly higher electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) than those prepared in H2O/dimethylformamide (DMF) medium. PVDF/PAni with high‐PAni content (>40%) prepared by the dry blend approach presented higher conductivity and EMI SE than those prepared by in situ polymerization. The molding temperature exerted significant influence on the conductivity and EMI SE for the blend containing higher amount of PAni. The free‐solvent dry blending approach using ball milling presented similar conductivity value but the higher EMI SE when compared with in situ polymerization, and is considered environmentally and technologically interesting.
American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Pediatric Rheumatic Disease During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Version 1
Authors: Wahezi Dawn M. , Lo Mindy S. , Rubinstein Tamar B. , Ringold Sarah , Ardoin Stacy P. , Downes Kevin J. , Jones Karla B. , Laxer Ronald M. , Pellet Madan Rebecca , Mudano Amy S. , Turner Amy S. , Karp David R. , Mehta Jay J. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo provide clinical guidance to rheumatology providers who treat children with pediatric rheumatic disease (PRD) in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThe task force, consisting of 7 pediatric rheumatologists, 2 pediatric infectious disease physicians, 1 adult rheumatologist, and 1 pediatric nurse practitioner, was convened on May 21, 2020. Clinical questions and subsequent guidance statements were drafted based on a review of the queries posed by the patients as well as the families and healthcare providers of children with PRD. An evidence report was generated and disseminated to task force members to assist with 3 rounds of asynchronous, anonymous voting by email using a modified Delphi approach. Voting was completed using a 9‐point numeric scoring system with predefined levels of agreement (categorized as disagreement, uncertainty, or agreement, with median scores of 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9, respectively) and consensus (categorized as low, moderate, or high). To be approved as a guidance statement, median vote ratings were required to fall into the highest tertile for agreement, with either moderate or high levels of consensus.ResultsThe task force drafted 33 guidance statements, which were voted upon during the second and third rounds of voting. Of these 33 statements, all received median vote ratings within the highest tertile of agreement and were associated with either moderate consensus (n = 6) or high consensus (n = 27). Statements with similar recommendations were combined, resulting in 27 final guidance statements.ConclusionThese guidance statements have been generated based on review of the available literature, indicating that children with PRD do not appear to be at increased risk for susceptibility to SARS–CoV‐2 infection. This guidance is presented as a “living document,” recognizing that the literature on COVID‐19 is rapidly evolving, with future updates anticipated.
Shuttle Effect Quantification for Redox Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Correlated to the Coulombic Efficiency of Supercapacitors
Authors: Bodin Charlotte , Sekhar Bongur Chandra , Deschanels Mathieu , Catrouillet Sylvain , Le Vot Steven , Favier Frédéric , Fontaine Olivier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of redox‐active electrolytes is a good opportunity to increase the energy density of supercapacitors, the main limitation of this technology. The addition of redox molecules allows the storage of charge in the electrode and the electrolyte. The key to keeping the increase of charge is to avoid the shuttle effect of the redox molecule. Indeed, once the molecule is oxidized or reduced, it diffuses across the cell to react at the surface of the opposite electrode and the stored charge is lost. Is this shuttle effect however damageable for the device? This study proposes to answer this question by quantifying the shuttle effect and correlating it to the decrease of Coulombic efficiency of supercapacitors.
One‐step synthesis of cationic gold nanoclusters with high catalytic activity on luminol chemiluminescence reaction
Authors: Huang Yongxin , Yue Ningning , Li Ying , Han Lu , Fan Aiping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study reports a one‐step synthesis method for the preparation of cationic gold nanoclusters (Au NCs). Polyethyleneimine (PEI), a positively charged hyperbranched polyamine, was selected as the capping reagent. Glutathione showed a synergistic effect on the formation of the small size of cationic Au NCs. The prepared cationic Au NCs have a size less than 2 nm and carry a positive charge in solution with pH less than 11. The cationic PEI–Au NCs‐triggered luminol chemiluminescence (CL) reactions showed slow and intense CL profiles. The maximum CL intensity can be obtained within 10 min and the CL signal maintained almost the same within 30 min. A linear increase of CL intensity was observed in the presence of an increasing concentration of cationic Au NCs ranging from 0.030 μM to 15 μM. The linear response of the cationic Au NCs in the CL reaction and the glow‐type CL profile make the proposed CL reaction have broad application prospects in the field of biological analysis and CL imaging.
Improving the analytical toolbox to investigate copurifying host cell proteins presence: N‐(4)‐(β‐acetylglucosaminyl)‐l‐asparaginase case study
Authors: Clavier Séverine , Fougeron Delphine , Petrovic Suzana , Elmaleh Hagit , Fourneaux Céline , Bugnazet Dawid , Duffieux Francis , Masiero Alessandro , Mitra‐Kaushik Shibani , Genet Bruno , Fromentin Yann , Kreiss Patrick , Laborderie Bénédicte , Brault Dominique , Menet Jean‐Michel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLevels of host cell proteins (HCPs) in purification intermediates and drug substances (DS) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) must be carefully monitored for the production of safe and efficacious biotherapeutics. During the development of mAb1, an immunoglobulin G1 product, unexpected results generated with HCP Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit triggered an investigation which led to the identification of a copurifying HCP called N‐(4)‐(β‐acetylglucosaminyl)‐l‐asparaginase (AGA, EC3.5.1.26) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The risk assessment performed indicated a low immunogenicity risk for the copurifying HCP and an ad hoc stability study demonstrated no mAb glycan cleavage and thus no impact on product quality. Fractionation studies performed on polishing steps revealed that AGA was coeluted with the mAb. Very interestingly, the native digestion protocol implemented to go deeper in the MS–HCP profiling was found to be incompatible with correct AGA detection in last purification intermediate and DS, further suggesting a hitchhiking behavior of AGA. In silico surface characterization of AGA also supports this hypothesis. Finally, the combined support of HCP ELISA results and MS allowed process optimization and removal of this copurifying HCP.
Timing of paediatric orchidopexy in universal healthcare systems: international administrative data cohort study
Authors: Jay M A , Arat A , Wijlaars L , Ajetunmobi O , Fitzpatrick T , Lu H , Lei S , Skerritt C , Goldfeld S , Gissler M , Gunnlaugsson G , Hrafn Jónsson S , Hjern A , Guttmann A , Gilbert R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternational guidelines in 2008 recommended orchidopexy for undescended testis at 6–12 months of age to reduce the risk of testicular cancer and infertility. Using administrative data from England, Finland, Ontario (Canada), Scotland and Sweden (with data from Victoria (Australia) and Iceland in supplementary analyses), the aim of this study was to investigate compliance with these guidelines and identify potential socioeconomic inequities in the timing of surgery before 1 and 3 years.MethodsAll boys born in 2003–2011 with a diagnosis code of undescended testis and procedure codes indicating orchidopexy before their fifth birthday were identified from administrative health records. Trends in the proportion of orchidopexies performed before 1 and 3 years of age were investigated, as were socioeconomic inequities in adherence to the guidelines.ResultsAcross all jurisdictions, the proportion of orchidopexies occurring before the first birthday increased over the study period. By 2011, from 7·6 per cent (Sweden) to 27·9 per cent (Scotland) of boys had undergone orchidopexy by their first birthday and 71·5 per cent (Sweden) to 90·4 per cent (Scotland) by 3 years of age. There was limited evidence of socioeconomic inequities for orchidopexy before the introduction of guidelines (2008). Across all jurisdictions for boys born after 2008, there was consistent evidence of inequities in orchidopexy by the first birthday, favouring higher socioeconomic position. Absolute differences in these proportions between the highest and lowest socioeconomic groups ranged from 2·5 to 5·9 per cent across jurisdictions.ConclusionConsistent lack of adherence to the guidelines across jurisdictions questions whether the guidelines are appropriate.
A dried blood spot assay with HPLC–MS/MS for the determination of larotrectinib in mouse blood and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Tripathy Harsha K. , Manju Nair S.V. , Dittakavi Sreekanth , Bestha Ram Murthi , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLarotrectinib is a first‐generation tropomyosin kinase inhibitor, approved for the treatment of solid tumors. In this paper, we present a validated dried blood spot (DBS) method for the quantitation of larotrectinib from mouse blood using HPLC–MS/MS, which was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode. To the DBS disc cards, acidified methanol enriched with internal standard (IS; enasidenib) was added and extracted using tert‐butyl methyl ether as an extraction solvent with sonication. Chromatographic separation of larotrectinib and the IS was achieved on an Atlantis dC18 column using 10 mm ammonium formate–acetonitrile (30:70, v/v) delivered at a flow‐rate of 0.80 ml/min. Under these optimized conditions, the retention times of larotrectinib and the IS were ~0.93 and 1.37 min, respectively. The total run time was 2.50 min. Larotrectinib and the IS were analyzed using positive ion scan mode and parent–daughter mass to charge ion (m/z) transitions of 429.1 → 342.1 and 474.1 → 267.1, respectively, were used for the quantitation. The calibration range was 1.06–5,080 ng/ml. No matrix effect or carryover was observed. Hematocrit did not influence DBS larotrectinib concentrations. All of the validation parameters met the acceptance criteria. The applicability of the validated method was shown in a mouse pharmacokinetic study.
Quantitation of plasma and biliary cefpiramide concentrations in human samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Yoon Jimin , Kwack Won Gun , Shim Wang‐Seob , Lee Jun Kyu , Jang Dong Kee , Gu Namyi , Cho Ji‐Yoon , Lee Kyung‐Tae , Chung Eun Kyoung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCefpiramide is frequently used to treat biliary infections. However, no bioanalytical method has been validated to quantitate cefpiramide in human samples, particularly in bile. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a simple, selective and validated high‐performance liquid chromatographic method to determine cefpiramide in human plasma and bile. A protein precipitation procedure was used to extract cefpiramide and cefoperazone (internal standard, IS) from 200 μl of plasma and bile. Utilizing a Capcell Pak C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm), cefpiramide and IS were separated using the timed‐gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1 m sodium acetate (pH 5.2) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with photodiode array detector (wavelength set at 273 nm). The calibration curves showed linearity at concentrations ranging from 1 to 150 μg/ml in both plasma and bile (r2 > 0.999). The within‐ and between‐run coefficients of variation (CVs) for plasma samples were 0.570–4.43 and 1.10–2.76%, respectively; for bile samples, the within‐ and between‐day precision (CV) was 0.814–6.34 and 2.05–4.00%, respectively. Our newly developed bioanalytical method was successfully employed to quantify cefpiramide concentrations in both plasma and bile at multiple time points in patients with acute cholangitis.
Circular RNA hsa_circRNA_102209 promotes the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer through miR‐761‐mediated Ras and Rab interactor 1 signaling
Authors: Li Chi , Zhou Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn our study, has_circRNA_102209 was the most elevated regulator in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues according to circRNA array data. The levels of hsa_circRNA_102209 in CRC specimens and cells, as well as its effects on CRC cells were investigated. The expression of hsa_circRNA_102209 in CRC and paired non‐cancerous samples, human CRC, and normal colonic epithelial cells were examined using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Cells with hsa_circRNA_102209 knockdown were established using lentiviral vectors. Cell proliferative ability was evaluated using CCK‐8 assay; cell migrative/invasive activities were determined using wound healing/Transwell assay. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry; apoptosis, and EMT markers were examined using RT‐qPCR and western blotting. Tumor development and levels of associated proteins were determined in hsa_circRNA_102209 knockdown mice. Our results revealed that expression of hsa_circRNA_102209 was remarkably increased in CRC tissues, where the levels of miR‐761 were notably reduced (P < .05). Additionally, the levels of hsa_circRNA_102209 were associated with histology grade and occurrence of liver metastasis in CRC patients, and the expression of hsa_circRNA_102209 and miR‐761 were negatively correlated (P < .05). Moreover, hsa_circRNA_102209 was upregulated in CRC cells compared with normal colonic epithelial cells. Knockdown of hsa_circRNA_102209 notably inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells (P < .05), whereas cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis were enhanced (P < .05). Furthermore, miR‐761/Ras and Rab interactor 1 (RIN1) axis was the putative target of hsa_circRNA_102209 in CRC and involved in hsa_circRNA_102209‐modulated growth and metastasis of CRC cells (P < .05). Knockdown of hsa_circRNA_102209 also remarkably suppressed tumor growth in vivo (P < .05). In summary, our data revealed that the expression of hsa_circRNA_102209 was elevated in CRC samples and cells. Furthermore, hsa_circRNA_102209 could promote the progression of CRC through miR‐761/RIN1 axis. More importantly, hsa_circRNA_102209/miR‐761/RIN1 signaling may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC patients.
Trauma‐focused counselling and social effectiveness skills training interventions on impaired psychological functioning of internally displaced adolescents in Nigeria
Authors: Lawrence Kehinde Clement , Falaye Ajibola Omolola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrauma‐focused counselling (T‐FC) and social effectiveness skills training (SEST) were used on impaired psychological functioning of early adolescents in IDP Camps in Nigeria. The factorial quasi‐experimental design was adopted. While the cluster sampling technique was used to select 60 participants from the IDP camps and were randomly assigned to T‐FC (20), SEST (20) and control (20) groups, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (α = .81) was used to screen the participants for impaired psychological functioning and adolescents' psychosocial functioning inventory scale (α = .90) was used for data collection. Analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. The two interventions significantly improved psychological functioning of displaced adolescents that was impaired [F(2,57) = 239.29; partial ῆ2 = 0.89]. It was concluded that T‐FC and SEST were found to be potent on impaired psychological functioning of adolescents in internally displaced camps in North‐Central Nigeria.
On the Case of the Misplaced Hydrogens
Authors: Kumar Prashasti , Agarwal Pratul K. , Cuneo Matthew J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFew other elements play a more central role in biology than hydrogen. The interactions, bonding and movement of hydrogen atoms are central to biological catalysis, structure and function. Yet owing to the elusive nature of a single hydrogen atom few experimental and computational techniques can precisely determine its location. This is exemplified in short hydrogen bonds (SHBs) where the location of the hydrogen atom is indicative of the underlying strength of the bonds, which can vary from 1–5 kcal/mol in canonical hydrogen bonds, to an almost covalent nature in single‐well hydrogen bonds. Owing to the often‐times inferred position of hydrogen, the role of SHBs in biology has remained highly contested and debated. This has also led to discrepancies in computational, biochemical and structural studies of proteins thought to use SHBs in performing chemistry and stabilizing interactions. Herein, we discuss in detail two distinct examples, namely the conserved catalytic triad and the photoreceptor, photoactive yellow protein, where studies of these SHB‐containing systems have permitted contextualization of the role these unique hydrogen bonds play in biology.
RING finger protein 38 induces the drug resistance of cisplatin in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Chao , Chen Lei , Tao Haitao , Kong Lu , Hu Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCisplatin resistance of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) needs to be well elucidated. RING finger protein (RNF38) has been proposed as a biomarker of NSCLC poor prognosis. However, its role in drug resistance in NSCLC is poorly understood. RNF38 expression was detected in normal lung epithelial cell and four NSCLC cell lines. RNF38 was stably overexpressed in A549 and H460 cells or silenced in H1975 and cisplatin‐resistant A549 cells (A549‐CDDP resistant) using lentiviral vectors. RNF38 expression levels were determined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis. Cell viability in response to different concentrations of cisplatin was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. RNF38 expression levels were markedly elevated in NSCLC cells and cells harboring high RNF38 were less sensitive to cisplatin. Overexpression of RNF38 reduced, while RNF38 silencing increased the drug sensitivity of cisplatin in NSCLC cells. Cisplatin‐resistant cells expressed high RNF38 level. RNF38 silencing promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the drug sensitivity of cisplatin in cisplatin‐resistant NSCLC cells. These findings indicate that RNF38 might induce cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells via promoting cell apoptosis and RNF38 could be a novel target for rectify cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cases.