bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between volume-controlled ventilation and pressure-controlled ventilation in prevention of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric sleeve surgery
Authors: Hassan Ramy Mohammed , Mahmoud Hoda Omar , Abd el Aal Wael Ahmed , Abdelmotaleb Mona Ahmed Mohamed , Shabana Tarek Samir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Atelectasis can result during general anesthesia from mechanical ventilation and decrease in lung volume particularly in morbidly obese patients undergoing abdominal laparoscopic sleeve surgery, which may result in the development of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), including hypoxemia and pneumonia, with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Objective
To compare between volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in prevention of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric sleeve surgery.

Methods
This is a randomized prospective comparative clinical study with a total of 52 morbidly obese patients who were randomly divided into 2 groups; 26 patients in group (V) for VCV and 26 in group (P) for PCV arterial blood samples were obtained, and PaCO2, PaO2, and SaO2 were obtained and recorded. ABG analyses were also obtained 30 min, 12 h, and 24 h post-extubation, and PaCO2, PaO2, and SaO2 were obtained and recorded.

Results
The results of this study revealed no significant differences between PCV and VCV as regards the incidence of postoperative lung atelectasis immediately postoperative (69.2% with VCV vs 61.5% with PCV, p = 0.368), 12 h postoperative (61.5% with VCV vs 53.8% with PCV, p = 0.282), and 24 h postoperative (53.8% with VCV vs 46.2% with PCV, p = 0.325). There were also no significant differences between VCV and PCV as regards baseline, intra-, and post-operative PaCO2 levels as well as baseline and postoperative SaO2 and PaO2 values. However, PCV showed better intraoperative oxygenation compared to VCV. SaO2 was 96.32% ± 1.85 and 97.25% ± 1.37 in VCV and PCV groups respectively (p = 0.027) while PaO2 was 212.75 mmHg ± 20.13 and 225.8 mmHg ± 18.69 in VCV and PCV groups respectively (p = 0.011).

Conclusion
Despite a slight improvement in intraoperative oxygenation parameters (PO2, SaO2) with PCV than VCV, there is no significant difference between VCV and PCV in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis; moreover, there is no difference in postoperative oxygenation parameters in morbidly obese patients who undergo laparoscopic sleeve surgery.
Streamline pair selection for comparative flow field visualization
Authors: Sawada Shoko , Itoh Takayuki , Misaka Takashi , Obayashi Shigeru , Czauderna Tobias , Stephens Kingsley 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFluid dynamics simulation is often repeated under varying conditions. This leads to a generation of large amounts of results, which are difficult to compare. To compare results under different conditions, it is effective to overlap the streamlines generated from each condition in a single three-dimensional space. Streamline is a curved line, which represents a wind flow. This paper presents a technique to automatically select and visualize important streamlines that are suitable for the comparison of the simulation results. Additionally, we present an implementation to observe the flow fields in virtual reality spaces.
Knowledge and health beliefs of reproductive-age women in Alexandria about tetanus toxoid immunization
Authors: Mehanna Azza , Ali Mervat H. , Kharboush Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal neonatal tetanus is a substantial public health problem in many developing countries. In 2017, nearly, 30,848 newborns died of neonatal tetanus; thus, high immunization coverage remains a necessity. This study aims to assess knowledge and health beliefs of reproductive-age women in Alexandria about tetanus toxoid immunization.MethodsA cross-section survey of 700 females attending health offices in Alexandria was done using an interview questionnaire to collect data regarding women’s knowledge and beliefs about tetanus toxoid vaccine (TTV) and maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT). Nine health offices were selected using multi-stage random sampling.ResultsMost of studied women (83.6%) had poor knowledge of MNT and TTV. The highest percentage of women had low perception of susceptibility to MNT (48.0%), moderate perception of severity of MNT (57.4%) and barriers to TTV (58.9%), high perception of benefits of TTV (86.6%), and high self-efficacy in taking the vaccine (76.2%). Less than one-third of the sampled women (27.7%) were immune by (TT2+). Logistic regression models showed that the place of antenatal care, level of knowledge, perceived barriers, and socio-economic level were significant predictors of immunity status (p= 0.008,p= 0.032,p= 0.011, andp= 0.001, respectively).ConclusionWomen lacked information about MNT/TTV and may even have been discouraged by their private obstetricians from taking the vaccine. Perceived barriers to receiving tetanus toxoid vaccination were shown to be an important predictor of immunization behavior
‘Even though it might take me a while, in the end, I understand it’: a longitudinal case study of interactions between a conceptual change strategy and student motivation, interest and confidence
Authors: McLure Felicity , Won Mihye , Treagust David F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough there have been many investigations of the social, motivational, and emotional aspects of conceptual change, there have been few studies investigating the intersection of these factors with cognitive aspects in the regular classroom. Using a conceptual change approach, this case study reports experiences of a student of low to average prior attainment who achieved high levels of conceptual gains in five science topics over a two-year period. Her experience in the cognitive, social and affective domains was probed through analysis of interviews, student artefacts, video recordings of classroom learning, pre/post-tests and questionnaire results. For this student, peripheral or incidental persuasion of belonging to a supportive small group initially led to greater engagement with the construction of understanding through production of multiple student-generated representations, resulting in improved self-confidence and high levels of conceptual change. Evidence of transfer from performance to mastery approach goals, adoption of positive activating emotions and increased interest in science were observed. This study highlights that adoption of a multidimensional conceptual change approach with judicious organisation of small groups to support construction of verbal, pictorial and written representations of understanding may bring about changes in motivational stance, self-confidence and emotions to maximise conceptual change.
Risk to self: identifying and managing risk of suicide and self-harm
Authors: Correia Raquel , Jackson Danielle 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYThis article summarises key areas of research informing understanding of vulnerability factors and risk assessment and management across the lifespan, with particular reference to risk to self (self-harm and suicide). It relates the discussion to people attending sexual assault referral centres (SARCs), but is applicable in a range of clinical settings. Although people accessing SARCs often present with mental health difficulties and various other vulnerabilities, SARC practitioners often do not have specialist training in working with mental health difficulties, including individuals at risk to self. We discuss developmental differences that should be considered when assessing and managing risk to self, and examine relationships between mental health difficulties, risk to self, and rape and/or sexual assault. Finally, we offer advice on how to respond to risk presented by individuals who have experienced sexual violence.
Myxedema Heart and Pseudotamponade
Authors: Baldwin Chelsey , Newman Jonathan D , Vallejo Franco , Peck Valerie , Greene Loren Wissner , Goldberg Ira J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContextThyroid hormone plays a critical role in cardiovascular function. Severe hypothyroidism can be associated with “myxedema heart” characterized by relative bradycardia and pericardial effusion. Effusions associated with severe hypothyroidism can be large. Despite the large volume of effusions, tamponade is not a common consequence. However, with the incorporation of echocardiography into routine practice for evaluation of effusion, echocardiographic findings suggestive of clinical tamponade occur frequently.Case DescriptionWe report a series of 3 patients with large pericardial effusions secondary to severe hypothyroidism. These cases serve to demonstrate the discordance between echocardiographic signs consistent with tamponade with a patient’s stable clinical hemodynamics. We also report the development of bronchial obstruction, a rare complication of a large effusion due to severe hypothyroidism.ConclusionsWhile pericardial effusion associated with severe hypothyroidism has been described for decades, the echocardiographic findings may be less well known and may lead to unnecessary downstream testing or invasive management. We use our case series to facilitate a summary of what is known about the epidemiology, mechanism and physiology, and expected outcomes of myxedema associated pericardial effusion. Finally, in the setting of current paucity of clinical guidelines, we aim to familiarize clinicians with the phenomenon of pseudotamponade and suggest management strategies for myxedema associated pericardial effusion to guide clinicians to use conservative medical management in majority of cases.
Katse kirjeldada artefaktinimesid
Authors: Laansalu Tiina , Päll Peeter , Tender Tõnu 
Published: August 2020

Artefaktinimed on traditsiooniliselt liigitatud kultuurnimede alaliigiks, mis hõlmab inimese loodud rajatiste nimesid. Inimtekkeliste objektide hulk on tänapäeval aga üha suurem ja erinäolisem, eriti linlikus keskkonnas, mistõttu vajab traditsioonilise kohanimede klassifikatsiooni artefaktinimede rühma kirjeldus täpsustamist ja täiendamist. Artikkel vaatleb artefaktinimesid kolmes kasutussfääris: maapiirkonnas, linnapiirkonnas ja slängis. Ruraalsete artefaktinimede puhul on analüüsitud Harjumaa Jüri ja Kose kihelkonna kohanimistuid, urbonüümide alusandmed pärinevad KNABist ning keskenduvad suures osas Tallinna nimedele. Slänginimede puhul on esitatud valdavalt Tallinna ja Tartu näited, mis pärinevad eri aegadel valminud teadustöödest, artiklitest ning internetist.
Abstract. Tiina Laansalu, Peeter Päll, and Tõnu Tender: An attempt to describe artefact names. Artefact names have been traditionally classified as a subtype of cultural names designating names of man-made facilities. The number of human-constructed objects is growing rapidly and they are very diverse, especially in the urban environment, therefore the classical description of artefact names needs updating and elaborating. The article looks into artefact names in three domains: the rural environment, the urban environment and slang expressions. Examples of rural artefact names have been taken from the Jüri and Kose parishes in Harjumaa, urban names are based on the data from Tallinn of the Place Names Database (KNAB) of the Institute of the Estonian Language, slang names are taken from various sources covering mainly Tallinn and Tartu.
Livonian place names: documentation, problems, and opportunities
Authors: Ernštreits Valts 
Published: August 2020

Livonian is one of the most endangered languages in Europe. Place names of Livonian origin are found not only where Livonian was recently spoken, but also in territories historically inhabited by Livonians across Latvia. Collection and study of place names in Livonian, however, has been fragmentary and largely occurred as part of other research. Documenting place names through field work is no longer possible, as few Livonian speakers remain and most of them know only already documented place names. This article gives an overview of previous work on research of place names in Livonian and grammatical features of such place names, examines techniques for collecting and reconstructing place names in Livonian using innovative approaches with existing data sources (e.g., harvesting place names from metadata), and explains the need for an authoritative source so Livonian place names can be used on official signage to visually demarcate the Livonian areas of Latvia and restore the Livonian place name landscape.
Kokkuvõte. Valts Ernštreits: Kohanimed liivi keeles: kogumine, uurimine, probleemid ja võimalused. Liivi keel on üks ohustatumaid Euroopa keeli. Liivi päritoluga kohanimesid leidub mitte ainult kohtades, kus veel hiljuti on räägitud liivi keelt, vaid ka kõikjal liivi ajalooliselt asustatud aladel Lätis. Liivikeelsete kohanimede kogumine on siiski olnud fragmentaarne ja enamjaolt tehtud muude uurimistööde (nt üldise sõnavara kogumise, etnograafiliste ekspeditsioonide jms) kõrvalt. Liivikeelsete kohanimede dokumenterimine välitööde käigus enam pole võimalik, kuna liivi keelejuhte on jäänud väga vähe ja nende kohanimede tundmine on ajaloolistel põhjustel vaid väga üldine. Käesolev artikkel annab ülevaate eelnevast tööst liivikeelsete kohanimede dokumenteerimise alal, kohanimede grammatilistest iseärasustest, samuti vaatleb võtteid, mida saab kasutada liivikeelsete kohanimede kogumiseks, sh innovatiivselt lähenedes olemasolevatele andmekogudele ja kogudes kohanimesid nende metaandmetest, käsitleb liivikeelsete kohanimede loomise ja rekonstrueerimise vajadust ja võimalusi, selgitab vajadust ametliku liivikeelsete kohanimede allika järele ametlike viitade paigaldamiseks liivi areaali visuaalseks märgistamiseks ja liivikeelse kohanimede maastiku taastamiseks.
Design and prototyping of highly-collimated long-distance optical systems with an LED light source
Authors: Gong Chen , Xu Haiping , Xu Chen , Liang Jinhua , Mu Yajie 
Published: August 2020

Electrical lighting design is usually based on the illumination design. Its main task is to ensure that the electricity and optical system can be normal, safe, reliable, and economically viable. In this paper, we propose a design and optimization method for outdoor illumination systems to generate relatively powerful light beams for far distances. The illumination systems are based on highly integrated LED modules instead of high intensity discharge lamps. The size of the LED light-emitting surface is

2.5

m
m

×
2.1

m
m

, and the secondary optical elements are composed of a basic plano-convex lens and a Fresnel lens. The results of simulation demonstrate that the emission angle of the system is 1.1°, and the central illumination at 2500 m away is more than 1 lx. The total system is simple but practical, and several groups can be combined into a larger system. Two proof-of-concept prototypes producing acceptable illuminance are developed, and one is composed of four groups whose light is visible from 5000 m away. Both are fully waterproof and in a high degree of protection. The systems can provide up to 12 h of continuous lighting, and the operating temperature rise is less than 25°C. The results indicate that our design can be applicable for practical wild working sites.
Use of Xpert MTB/RIF for diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis in Indonesia
Authors: Triasih Rina , Setyati Amalia , Setyowireni Dwikisworo , Nuryastuti Titik , Putri Rachma Dewi Isnaini , Rusdiyati Emi 
Published: August 2020

Background The Xpert MTB/RIF assay demonstrated a better diagnostic value than sputum smear for TB in adults and children.
Objective To evaluate the use of Xpert MTB/RIF for TB diagnosis in children.
Methods We conducted a prospective study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, involving 19 primary health centers (PHCs) and one provincial hospital. Children aged 0-14 years with suspected TB who visited the study sites were screened. Subjects underwent history-taking, physical examination, tuberculin skin test, chest X-ray, as well as sputum induction for Xpert MTB/RIF assay, sputum smear, and TB culture. The diagnosis of TB was made by doctors based on the results of investigations, as follows: certain TB (bacteriological confirmation), probable TB, and possible TB.
Results Of 80 subjects, 21 (26%) were diagnosed with TB disease (4 certain TB and 17 probable TB). Sputum induction was successfully performed in 79 children. None of the children had positive sputum smears. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by Xpert MTB/RIF in 4 children, accounting for 5% of all children with suspected TB, or 19% among children with TB disease. The 4 Xpert MTB/RIF-positive subjects had severe TB disease and were rifampicin-sensitive.
Conclusion Xpert MTB/RIF may improve case finding among children with severe TB disease with negative sputum smear.
Validity and reliability update of the Indonesian version of International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect - Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST-C)
Authors: Dhamayanti Meita , Rachmawati Anne Dian , Noviandhari Anindita 
Published: August 2020

Background In Indonesia, few screening tools for child abuse and neglect are available. The currently-favored tool was adapted from the International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN)-Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST-C) questionnaire, consisted of 5 domains child abuse and 59 items.
Objective To re-evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of ICAST-C.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted 480 children aged 11–18 years from junior and senior high schools in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Subjects were selected using two-stage cluster sampling. A validity test using Spearman’s rank correlation with Rs ≥0.3 was considered valid. A reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha formula with alpha score ≥0.7 was considered reliable.
Results Most items in the Indonesian version of ICAST-C were valid and reliable, except for the following 9 out of 59 items: “anyone in your home used alcohol”, “seen adults in your home use knives”, “insulted you by calling you dumb”, “in order stop or change behavior”, “forbade you from going out”, “pinched you”, “explained to you why something you did was wrong”, “gave you something else to do (in order to stop or change behavior)”, and “took away privileges or money”ICAST-C reliability was good (0.919), however domain of violence exposure (0.483) and neglect (0.445) were not so good
Conclusion The updated Indonesian version of ICAST-C is considered valid, reliable as a screening tool for child abuse.
Case report of Fanconi syndrome in Wilms tumor
Authors: Syarif Ayu Hutami , Harahap Edward Usfie , Aisyi Mururul 
Published: August 2020

Fanconi syndrome is a group of clinical manifestations including aminoaciduria, proteinuria, glycosuria, hypophosphatemia, and metabolic acidosis. It may occur after exposure to certain drugs. The most common causes are antiepileptic, antiviral, antibiotic, and antineoplastic drugs.1 The two most common causes in the antineoplastic regimen are cisplatin and ifosfamide. Ifosfamide, a derivative of cyclophosphamide, has been used to treat pediatric solid tumors.2 Its high efficacy in numerous studies has led to its long-term administration for pediatric malignancies, including Wilms tumor. Along with other treatment modalities, ifosfamide considerably improved the survival rate (90%) of Wilms tumor while only a few cases resulted in Fanconi syndrome.1,3,4
Here we illustrate a case of presumed drug induced Fanconi syndrome in a Wilms tumor patient who previously achieved remission for 10 months.
Investigation of the anticonvulsant and remyelinating potential of dexketoprofen on a rat model of primary generalized seizures
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Demidov V. I. , Kalacheva A. G. , Torshin I. Yu. , Grishina T. R. , Bogacheva T. E. 
Published: August 2020

Objective: to investigate the effect of dexketoprofen on the severity of seizures on a rat model of primary generalized seizures caused by thiosemicarbazide; to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the drug.Material and methods. The investigation was conducted on 72 male albino rats weighing 200–300 g. The animals were given dexketoprofen and/or comparison drugs (gabapentin, sodium valproate) for 5 days, after which the seizure model was reproduced. The effects of the drugs were evaluated from a set of neurological tests and the results of a histopathological examination of the brain.Results and discussion. Dexketoprofen reduced the severity, duration, and number of primary generalized seizures and potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of gabapentin and sodium valproate. Histopathological and morphometric examinations of the rat brain showed that dexketoprofen inhibited the formation of irreversible neuronal changes (27.2%; control, 55.7%), by transferring them into reversible changes (47.7%; control, 21.8%).Conclusion. The investigation made it possible to conclude that dexketoprofen had a moderate neuroprotective effect neurologically and morphometrically verified.
Reaching out to the orchestra – Concert visits as a curricular link to extracurricular musical activities?
Authors: Mall Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVisiting classical concerts as part of school activities has a long tradition in Germany but has always been controversial. The multi-case study Schools@Concerts aims in mapping different approaches of connecting school music education with classical concert visits in seven European countries. As part of this project, this article gives early insights into the Frankfurt case. Different perspectives on concert visits include students, teachers and concert hosts. After a short overview about the German discussion, the article gives a brief insight into the state curricula concerning concert visits and the school curriculum of the participating school. All participants have positive attitudes towards concert visits but also highlight the organizational effort of it. Both, teacher and host emphasize missing resources for preparing concerts. Although classical concerts do not meet the musical taste of the children, most of them show positive attitudes to concert visits. Therefore the study wants to encourage responsible stake holders to support concert visits, both in schools and orchestras.
The possibilities of concert pedagogy in Hungary
Authors: Váradi Judit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn public education the main emphasis is on conveying lexical knowledge instead of making students love music, play music together and do creative musical exercises. Teaching music has become too theoretical, and it is almost entirely dominated by literary data. Although teachers have some freedom to make slight changes in the curriculum, the number of music lessons is very low. Concert pedagogy is a progressive pedagogical initiative of the 20th–21st century, which aims to present the values of art at the original location of artistic activity, in an experience-filled environment, just as other branches of experience pedagogy do. The educational activity of experience pedagogy takes place in an extracurricular framework to complement public education. Art education is based on going through and enjoying an experience, which, however, cannot be taught, only explored and reinforced. In the traditional approach, intellectual education comprises two tasks: intellectual informing and formation (Bábosik, 1997). Intellectual development occurs through the process of transferring and internalising scientific knowledge, which is presented in the form of subjects. Bábosik highlights that intellectual and cultural needs can evolve when it is achieved that children like to learn, which generates the desire for novel knowledge.