bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and mentoring strategies for diffusing sustainability in supply networks
Authors: Meqdadi Osama , Johnsen Thomas E. , Johnsen Rhona E. , Salmi Asta 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of monitoring and mentoring strategies on sustainability diffusion within supply networks through focal companies and how suppliers engage in implementing these strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reports on three in-depth case studies conducted with focal companies and their suppliers. An interaction approach was adopted to guide the analysis of focal companies’ strategies for implementing and diffusing sustainability in supply networks.

Findings
The monitoring strategy impacts sustainability diffusion at the dyadic level, while the mentoring strategy is a prerequisite for the diffusion of sustainability at the supply network level. The findings suggest that coupling monitoring with mentoring can lead to diffusion beyond first-tier suppliers. Interaction intensity, supplier proactiveness and mindset change facilitate sustainability diffusion in supply networks.

Research limitations/implications
The authors suggest more research be conducted on specific practices within monitoring and mentoring, as some of these imply very different levels of commitment and interaction.

Practical implications
The paper suggests that in the future, companies will be increasingly called upon to adopt cooperative initiatives to enable the diffusion of sustainability in supply networks.

Originality/value
The contribution of the paper lies in its identification of the impacts of monitoring and mentoring strategies on the diffusion of sustainability in networks, revealing different supplier engagement in these strategies, which may foster or hinder sustainability diffusion.
Phylogenetic signal in the topographic niche of trees: Current and historical significance of habitat structure on the species arrangement pattern within East Asian rugged forests
Authors: Kitagawa Ryo , Mimura Makiko , Mori Akira S. , Sakai Akiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTopography often promotes habitat heterogeneity and is a major factor in fine‐grained changes in vegetation. Especially in temperate mountainous regions of East Asia, the distribution of tree species is largely explained by topographic niche differentiation. Because species niche is at least partially a historical product through the evolution of functional traits, phylogenetic signals are expected in the topographic arrangement pattern of species, although this has not been fully investigated. Thus, we examined common temperate trees in a 306 ha watershed on Mt Tanzawa, central Japan. The topographic niche position of each species was explained with two principal component analysis (PCA) axes, which aligned with the topographic structure of the watershed. High scores on PC1 reflected lower elevations, steeper slopes and nearby valleys. Higher scores on PC2 indicated thicker soil, more south‐facing slopes, slighter slope inclinations and nearby valleys. The former indicated the species were aligned on a habitat gradient of land‐surface instability, for which the gradient is typical under the current geological conditions. The latter indicated that a niche axis for resource availability relating to water, nutrients and light or heat existed. A phylogenetic signal, identified by Pagel's λ and the Mantel test, was detected for PC2 scores. However, the species arrangement along PC1 was independent of phylogeny. Our results suggested that the topographic niche of tree species in this area is caused by both relatively recently derived traits regarding adaptation to unstable land surfaces and conservative traits derived through plant evolution.
Reduced ROS‐mediated antibiotic resistance and its reverting by glucose in Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Zhang Song , Yang Man‐Jun , Peng Bo , Peng Xuan‐xian , Li Hui 
Published: May 2020

SummaryAntibiotic‐resistant Vibrio alginolyticus poses a big challenge to human health and food safety. It is urgently needed to understand the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance to develop effective approaches for the control. Here we explored the metabolic difference between gentamicin‐resistant V. alginolyticus (VA‐RGEN) and gentamicin‐sensitive V. alginolyticus (VA‐S), and found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was altered. Compared with VA‐S, the ROS content in VA‐RGEN was reduced due to the decreased generation and increased breakdown of ROS. The decreased production of ROS was attributed to the decreased central carbon metabolism, which is associated with the resistance to gentamicin. As such a mechanism, we exogenously administrated VA‐RGEN with the glucose that activated the central carbon metabolism and promoted the generation of ROS, but decreased the breakdown of ROS in VA‐RGEN. The gentamicin‐mediated killing was increased with the elevation of the ROS level by a synergistic effect between gentamicin and exogenous glucose. The synergistic effect was inhibited by thiourea, a scavenger of ROS. These results reveal a reduced ROS‐mediated antibiotic resistance mechanism and its reversal by exogenous glucose.
What's on the Menu? Policies to Reduce Young People's Sugar Consumption
Authors: Griffith Rachel , O'Connell Martin , Smith Kate , Stroud Rebekah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractYoung people in the UK consume far above the maximum recommended levels of added sugar. It is likely that neither they nor their parents fully take account of the future health, social and economic costs of this high sugar consumption. This provides a rationale for policy intervention. The majority of young people's added sugar consumption occurs in the home, where purchases are typically made by parents. This means that understanding the purchase decisions of adults is important for policy design, even if the policies aim to reduce the consumption of young people. We discuss the merits of popular policies, including taxes, advertising restrictions and restrictions on the availability of specific foods, and we identify promising avenues for future research.
Retirement and Healthy Eating
Authors: Celidoni Martina , Dal Bianco Chiara , Rebba Vincenzo , Weber Guglielmo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of retirement on healthy eating using data drawn from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We estimate the causal effect of retiring from work on daily fruit or vegetable consumption by exploiting policy changes in eligibility rules for early and statutory retirement. Our results show that changes in eating behaviour upon retirement are gender‐specific: retirement induces men to reduce healthy eating; it has no effect on women. We further show that, for men, retirement increases the probability of becoming obese.
Health and Employment amongst Older Workers*
Authors: Britton Jack , French Eric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHealth and employment are strongly correlated. This paper reviews the existing evidence and brings in new evidence on the following issues: (a) the measurement of health; (b) the impact of health on employment rather than just the association between health and employment; (c) the mechanisms by which health impacts employment; and (d) the likely effect of recent retirement and disability policy changes in the UK. Although the magnitude of the estimated effect of health on employment varies greatly from study to study, some of this variation is driven by the health measure used. Given our preferred measure, the evidence suggests that 5–10 per cent of the employment decline between ages 50 and 70 is due to declining health in England, with the largest effects among low‐educated men. Most of the effect comes through declining preferences for work and lower productivity when in bad health, although some of the effect is from government‐provided incentives to not work when in bad health, such as from disability benefits.
A new bacteria‐free strategy induced by MaGal2 facilitates pinewood nematode escape immune response from its vector beetle
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wickham Jacob D. , Zhao Lilin , Sun Jianghua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSymbiotic microbes play a crucial role in regulating parasite–host interactions; however, the role of bacterial associates in parasite–host interactions requires elucidation. In this study, we showed that, instead of introducing numerous symbiotic bacteria, dispersal of 4th‐stage juvenile (JIV) pinewood nematodes (PWNs), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, only introduced few bacteria to its vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus (Ma). JIV showed weak binding ability to five dominant bacteria species isolated from the beetles’ pupal chamber. This was especially the case for binding to the opportunistic pathogenic species Serratia marcescens; the nematodes’ bacteria binding ability at this critical stage when it infiltrates Ma for dispersal was much weaker compared with Caenorhabditis elegans, Diplogasteroides asiaticus, and propagative‐stage PWN. The associated bacterium S. marcescens, which was isolated from the beetles’ pupal chambers, was unfavorable to Ma, because it caused a higher mortality rate upon injection into tracheae. In addition, S. marcescens in the tracheae caused more immune effector disorders compared with PWN alone. Ma_Galectin2 (MaGal2), a pattern‐recognition receptor, was up‐regulated following PWN loading. Recombinant MaGal2 protein formed aggregates with five dominant associated bacteria in vitro. Moreover, MaGal2 knockdown beetles had up‐regulated prophenoloxidase gene expression, increased phenoloxidase activity, and decreased PWN loading. Our study revealed a previously unknown strategy for immune evasion of this plant pathogen inside its vector, and provides novel insights into the role of bacteria in parasite–host interactions.
Are all fauna associated with the same structural features of the foundation species Triodia scariosa?
Authors: Verdon Simon J. , Watson Simon J. , Nimmo Dale G. , Clarke Michael F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFoundation species are species that play important roles in structuring ecological communities. Therefore, conservation managers often aim to promote foundation species. However, it can be unclear which features of foundation species ought to be the focus of management. We studied hummock‐forming grasses in the genus Triodia. Triodia grasses are considered foundation species because they create complex structures used by many fauna species. Although conservation managers often aim to promote extent cover of Triodia, this is only likely to be optimal for species most strongly associated with extent cover or other structural features strongly correlated with extent cover. We tested (i) whether ‘extent cover’ is the most appropriate way to characterise Triodia as habitat and (ii) whether fauna are associated with any non‐Triodia structures. We studied the Triodia structure associations of one mammal, two birds and five reptiles associated with Triodia scariosa at 524 sites in the Murray‐Mallee, Australia (Ningaui yvonneae, Amytornis striatus, Stipiturus mallee, Ctenophorus fordi, Ctenotus atlas, Ctenotus inornatus, Delma australis and Delma butleri). We used site‐level presence–absence data and vegetation structure data to compare parsimony of models built using four Triodia structural features: extent cover, mean height, mean width and mean volume. We also included non‐Triodia vegetation structures in the model selection: extent cover of leaf litter, shrubs and trees. We divided structural features related to extent cover into categories according to their heights. One species was most closely associated with mean Triodia height; one species with mean Triodia width and six species with extent cover of Triodia, although here, Triodia height categories differed between species. Five species were also associated with shrubs or trees. Extent cover of Triodia was generally an appropriate measure of Triodia structure. Nevertheless, we found variation between species. When characterising the structure of foundation species, we recommend testing faunal associations with multiple structural features.
How Markets Shape Values and Political Preferences: A Field Experiment
Authors: Margalit Yotam , Shayo Moses 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHow does engagement with markets affect socioeconomic values and political preferences? A long line of thinkers has debated the nature and direction of such effects, but claims are difficult to assess empirically because market engagement is endogenous. We designed a large field experiment to evaluate the impact of financial markets, which have grown dramatically in recent decades. Participants from a national sample in England received substantial sums they could invest over a 6‐week period. We assigned them into several treatments designed to distinguish between different theoretical channels of influence. Results show that investment in stocks led to a more right‐leaning outlook on issues such as merit and deservingness, personal responsibility, and equality. Subjects also shifted to the right on policy questions. These results appear to be driven by growing familiarity with, and decreasing distrust of markets. The spread of financial markets thus has important and underappreciated political ramifications.
Pain during medical abortion in early pregnancy in teenage and adult women
Authors: Kemppainen Venla , Mentula Maarit , Palkama Vilja , Heikinheimo Oskari 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionWomen experience pain during medical abortion, yet optimal pain management remains unclear. We studied the pain experience and need of analgesics during early medical abortion (≤63 days of gestation) among teenage and adult women. We also assessed predictive factors of severe pain.Material and methodsWe recruited 140 primigravid women: 60 teenagers and 80 adult women aged between 25 and 35 years old. The group of teenagers included 19 women under the age of 18 years old (minors). The abortion was performed with mifepristone (200 mg) followed by vaginal misoprostol (800 μg), mainly self‐administered at home for adults. Minors were hospitalized during misoprostol administration. Pain medication consisted of ibuprofen 600 mg and paracetamol 1000 mg, first doses taken simultaneously with misoprostol and repeated, if needed, up to three times daily. Additional opiates (mainly tramadol or oxycodone) were administered at hospital if needed. Pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS, 0‐100 mm).ResultsThe maximal pain VAS (median, interquartile range) was 75 (54‐91). Of all the women, 57.7% experienced severe pain (VAS ≥70) during abortion care and 93.5% of women needed additional analgesics in addition to prophylactic pain medication. Teenagers needed additional analgesics more often than adults (5 [3‐8] vs 3 [2‐6] times, P = .021); 38.0% of all teenagers (64.7% of the minors) received additional opiates compared with 7.9% in adult women. Severe pain (VAS ≥70) was associated with history of dysmenorrhea (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.60 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21‐5.59, P = .014]), anxiety at baseline (2.64 [1.03‐6.77], P = .044) and emesis during abortion (5.24 [2.38‐11.57], P < .001). Hospital administration of misoprostol did not lower the risk for severe pain experience (OR 0.84 [95% CI 0.34‐2.05], P = .694). Satisfaction with care was high in study population (median VAS 91 [interquartile range 79‐97]) and was not associated with the use of narcotic analgesic or place of misoprostol administration.ConclusionsPain intensity was high both in teenage and adult women undergoing medical abortion, yet satisfaction on care was high. More effective analgesics than ibuprofen and paracetamol should be offered to all women undergoing early medical abortion, especially to those with history of dysmenorrhea. Also, routine use of antiemetics might be advisable.
Systematic review found that using thin catheters to deliver surfactant to preterm neonates was associated with reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mechanical ventilation
Authors: Panza Raffaella , Laforgia Nicola , Bellos Ioannis , Pandita Aakash 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimSurfactant delivery is a cornerstone for managing respiratory distress in preterm neonates, but data on the best surfactant delivery methods have been conflicting.MethodsA systematic literature review using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases identified papers published up to November 5, 2019. Additional studies were identified from trial registries, conference proceedings and the reference lists of the selected papers.ResultsWe identified 15 studies covering 4926 preterm infants. The randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies both showed significant reductions in early intubation rates with use of thin catheters. The relative risk (RR) was 0.63 and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.55‐0.72 (P < .01), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.40 and 95% CI of 0.35‐0.45 (P < .0001). The collective results from the RCTs revealed a significant decrease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) rates in the thin catheter group (RR, 0.47; 95% CI 0.33‐0.66; P < .01). These findings were consistent with the observational studies (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.43‐0.52; P < .01).ConclusionUsing thin catheters to deliver surfactant in comparison with intubate‐surfactant‐extubate (INSURE) to newborn preterm infants with respiratory distress was associated with a reduced incidence of BPD and less need for mechanical ventilation.
Genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance determinants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Ukraine, 2013–2018
Authors: Boiko Iryna , Golparian Daniel , Jacobsson Susanne , Krynytska Inna , Frankenberg Arkadii , Shevchenko Tetiana , Unemo Magnus 
Published: May 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major health threat compromising the gonorrhoea treatment globally. AMR surveillance including whole genome sequencing (WGS)‐based epidemiology provides ideal resolution to identify and describe AMR gonococcal clones, AMR determinants and populations, which can inform management guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship policies. Our aims were to, for the first time, elucidate the WGS‐based epidemiology and characterize AMR determinants of gonococcal strains spreading in Ukraine, 2013–2018. Gonococcal isolates (n = 150) from Ternopil and Dnipro, Ukraine (2013–2018), were subjected to AMR testing (Etest) for eight antimicrobials and WGS. Overall, 11.3% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 6.0% to tetracycline, and 0.7% to benzylpenicillin. No isolates were resistant to azithromycin, spectinomycin, ceftriaxone, or cefixime, but one isolate was bordering resistance to both cephalosporins. Twenty‐five MLST STs, 50 NG‐MAST STs, and 34 NG‐STAR types were identified. The phylogenomic analysis revealed six main clusters, mostly associated with the internationally described multidrug‐susceptible gonococcal lineage. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was associated with GyrA S91F and ParC S87R mutations; tetracyclines with rpsJ V57M and tetM; penicillins with mosaic penA‐34.001 and β‐lactamase; mtrR; PorB1b G101D, and PBP1 L421P mutations. One isolate of the multidrug‐resistant NG‐MAST ST1407, MLST ST1901 was found, which was bordering resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime. The antimicrobial susceptibility of gonococcal strains spreading in Ternopil and Dnipro, Ukraine, in 2013–2018 was surprisingly high. Continued and expanded gonococcal AMR surveillance, ideally including WGS, in Ukraine is essential. This could inform action plans and public health policies to control the spread of AMR gonococcal strains in Ukraine.
The effectiveness of an adaptive digital educational game for the training of early numerical abilities in terms of cognitive, noncognitive and efficiency outcomes
Authors: Vanbecelaere Stefanie , Cornillie Frederik , Sasanguie Delphine , Reynvoet Bert , Depaepe Fien 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdaptive educational games provide new opportunities to train early numerical skills. However, empirical evidence for the effectiveness of adaptive educational games is scarce. This study investigated the effectiveness of an adaptive game compared to a nonadaptive game in terms of cognitive, noncognitive and efficiency outcomes. In total, 84 children were randomly assigned to a condition in which children trained early numerical skills with an adaptive version of the Number Sense Game (NSG), or to a condition in which they trained with a nonadaptive version. Early numeracy was evaluated before the training, immediately after the training and 3 weeks after the training. Math anxiety (MA) was assessed before and 3 weeks after the training. The time children practiced with the NSG was used to assess efficiency. Results revealed that children in both conditions improved on early numerical ability, with sustained effects 3 weeks after the training. In both conditions, children’s MA scores were lower after the training. Children in the adaptive condition learned more efficiently compared to the nonadaptive condition, and the interaction between prior knowledge and condition has shown that children with low prior knowledge benefited more from a nonadaptive training while children with high prior knowledge benefited more from an adaptive training in terms of learning efficiency. These results confirm that adaptive educational games can offer solace in terms of the need for differentiation.
Developing a training course to teach research skills to people with learning disabilities: “It gives us a voice. We CAN be researchers!”
Authors: Tuffrey‐Wijne Irene , Lam Claire Kar Kei , Marsden Daniel , Conway Bernie , Harris Claire , Jeffrey David , Jordan Leon , Keagan‐Bull Richard , McDermott Michelle , Newton Dan , Stapelberg Diane 
Published: May 2020

Accessible Summary

We are eight people with learning disabilities. We did a training course at a university in London. It was called “Learning how to do research.” We learned about the 10 steps in research, and we practised how to do research.

Part of the course was doing our own research project. Then, we presented it to an audience.

In this article, our tutors describe the course. We say what it was like for us. Most of us were nervous about doing the course, but we learnt a lot from it.

There are not many opportunities for people with learning disabilities to learn about research. We think more people with learning disabilities should have the chance to do it. We hope this article helps other teachers to start a research course.

We can be researchers! Being involved in research gives us a voice.

AbstractBackgroundWithin learning disability research, it is important to involve people with learning disabilities at all stages, but there are limited opportunities for them to learn about the research process or to gain research skills.MethodAn eight‐session research training course for people with learning disabilities was developed and piloted at a university in London. The focus was on understanding the research process and gaining practical skills in collecting, analysing and presenting research data. Training methods were experimental, with an emphasis on learning by experience in a “fun” way.ResultsTen people with learning disabilities completed the course, showing great enthusiasm and commitment. During the final sessions, students developed and conducted their own research projects, choosing “Employment” as their research topic. The training methods were well received. Benefits included an increase in confidence and new work opportunities for several of the students. This paper was co‐authored by the tutors and most of the course graduates.ConclusionIt is possible for people with learning disabilities to become skilled researchers, but in order to do so, it is important that they have adequate training opportunities. Funding should be made available for more such courses.