bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonically active neurons in the monkey dorsal striatum signal outcome feedback during trial-and-error search behavior
Authors: Inokawa Hitoshi , Matsumoto Naoyuki , Kimura Minoru , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn animal’s choice behavior is shaped by the outcome feedback from selected actions in a trial-and-error approach. Tonically active neurons (TANs), presumed cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, are thought to be involved in the learning and performance of reward-directed behaviors, but it remains unclear how TANs are involved in shaping reward-directed choice behaviors based on the outcome feedback. To this end, we recorded activity of TANs from the dorsal striatum of two macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 1 male, 1 female) while they performed a multi-step choice task to obtain multiple rewards. In this task, the monkeys first searched for a rewarding target from among three alternatives in a trial-and-error manner and then earned additional rewards by repeatedly choosing the rewarded target. We found that a considerable proportion of TANs selectively responded to either the reward or the no-reward outcome feedback during the trial-and-error search, but these feedback responses were not observed during repeat trials. Moreover, the feedback responses of TANs were similarly observed in any search trials, without distinctions regarding the predicted probability of rewards and the location of chosen targets. Unambiguously, TANs detected reward and no-reward feedback specifically when the monkeys performed trial-and-error searches, in which the monkeys were learning the value of the targets and adjusting their subsequent choice behavior based on the reward and no-reward feedback. These results suggest that striatal cholinergic interneurons signal outcome feedback specifically during search behavior, in circumstances where the choice outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty by the animals.HighlightsTANs signal reward and no-reward outcome feedback when monkeys made search behaviorsTANs respond regardless of predicted reward probability or chosen target locationTANs may signal feedback outcomes when rewards cannot be predicted with certainty
Employee turnover intentions and job performance from a planned change: the effects of an organizational learning culture and job satisfaction
Authors: Lin Chun-Yu , Huang Chung-Kai 
Published: July 2020

PurposeIn the face of a changing and turbulent environment, an organizational learning culture (OLC) is crucial for the long-term operation of an organization. A learning culture provides the capacity to effectively integrate employees, and it also provides structure so that an organization can move forward via continuous learning and change. Few empirical results are available from Chinese companies enduring an organizational change. To bridge this research gap, this study investigated the relationships among an OLC, job satisfaction, turnover intentions and job performance during organizational change.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach with structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping estimation was used to test hypotheses developed from a sample of 434 employees in a restructured telecommunications company in Taiwan.FindingsEmployees who experienced a higher learning culture had lower levels of turnover intentions and exhibited better job performance. Job satisfaction had a negative impact on employee turnover intentions but a positive impact on job performance. Moreover, job satisfaction fully mediated the relationships between an OLC and employee turnover intentions and job performance. When encountering organizational planned changes, a vibrant learning culture gave employees a higher level of satisfaction in their jobs and workplace. Although unexpected challenges often appeared during the organizational changes, employees with a higher level of job satisfaction tended to fulfill their own job duties and showed fewer turnover intentions.Originality/valueIn investigating issues related to organizational change, this study provides managerial insights and addresses strategies for facilitating the adoption of an OLC into the design and implementation of a better workplace environment.
Where is Saudi Arabia's economy heading?
Authors: Rostan Pierre , Rostan Alexandra 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to forecast economic indicators of the Saudi economy in the context of low oil prices which have taken a toll on the Saudi oil-dependent economy between 2014 and 2017. Trades and investments have plummeted, leading to significant budget deficits. In response, the government unveiled a plan called Saudi Vision 2030 in 2016 which has triggered structural economic reforms leading to an unprecedented strategy of transition from an oil-driven economy to a modern market economy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper forecasts with spectral analysis economic indicators of the Saudi economy up to 2030 to provide a clearer picture of the future economy assuming that the effects of recent reforms have not yet been traced by most of the economic indicators.Findings2018–2030 forecasts are all bearish except West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price expected to average $64.40 during the period 2019–2030. Two additional exceptions are the Saudi population that should grow to 40 million in 2030 and the swelling gross domestic product (GDP) generated by the non-oil sector resulting from bold actions of the Saudi government who is willing to become less dependent on revenues generated by the oil sector.Research limitations/implicationsGovernment policymakers, economists and investors would have with spectral forecasts better insight and understanding of the Saudi economy dynamics at the early stage of major economic reforms implemented in the country. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has brutally hurt the Saudi economy following a collapse in the global demand for oil and an oversupplied industry. The impact on the Saudi economy will depend on the optimal response brought by its government.Social implicationsSaudi Vision 2030 plan has already triggered a deep transformation of the Saudi society that is reviewed in this paper.Originality/valueThe forecast of Saudi economic indicators is a timely topic considering the challenges facing the economy and reforms being undertaken. Applying an original forecasting technique to economic indicators adds to the originality of the paper.
Journal of Intellectual Capital: a review of emerging themes and future trends
Authors: Bellucci Marco , Marzi Giacomo , Orlando Beatrice , Ciampi Francesco 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis article aims to provide a bibliometric and systematic literature analysis of studies published in the Journal of Intellectual Capital (JIC) from 2014 to 2018 in order to highlight emerging themes and future trends.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis focused on 187 papers published on JIC over a period of five years. A scientometric approach to data mining enabled the detection of patterns in the dataset. Precisely, the investigation was conducted by integrating a bibliometric analysis on VOSviewer with a systematic literature review.FindingsFour main streams of research on JIC emerged in the years of the analysis: reporting and disclosure of intellectual capital; intellectual capital research in universities, education and public sector; knowledge management; intellectual capital, financial performance, and market value.Research limitations/implicationsThe study offers valid insights to the topics covered by the Journal of Intellectual Capital by identifying the main research gaps and trends, along with future research avenues.Originality/valuePrior scholars mostly focused on systematic literature reviews, whilst the use of bibliometric methods generally seems to be a missing tile in the research domain. Also, none of the extant studies has focused on the Journal of Intellectual Capital with reference to the 2014–2018 period. The use of both bibliometric and systematic approaches to literature review delivered extremely fine-tuned results in terms of factors such as citations, contents and evolution of clusters over time.
Anticipating the end: exploring future-oriented sensemaking of change through metaphors
Authors: Bruskin Signe , Mikkelsen Elisabeth Naima 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore whether there is a link between retrospective and prospective sensemaking by analyzing metaphors of past and potential future changes.Design/methodology/approachThe article draws on interview data from employees, team managers and middle managers at an IT department of a Nordic bank.FindingsThe study found that organizational members' sensemaking of changes in the past were characterized by trivializing metaphors. In contrast, future-oriented sensemaking of potential changes were characterized by emotionally charged metaphors of uncertainty, war and the End, indicating that the organizational members anticipating a gloomier future.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings might be limited to the organizational context of an IT department of a bank with IT professionals having an urge for control and sharing a history of a financial sector changing dramatically the last decade.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the emerging field of future-oriented sensemaking by showing what characterize past and future-oriented sensemaking of changes at a bank. Further, the paper contributes with an empirical study unpacking how organizational members anticipate an undesired future which might not be grounded in retrospective sensemaking.
The dark side of bright traits: How context cues misdirect facets of conscientiousness
Authors: Jeong Sophia Soyoung , Korsgaard M. Audrey , Morrell Daniel 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe authors test the proposition that there are dark sides to conscientiousness that are revealed when examining lower-level facets. The authors propose that potentially dysfunctional behavior is triggered by context cues that are relevant to duty versus achievement striving.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted two laboratory experiments designed to test how context cues that are specific to duty and achievement striving influence the relationship between these facets and quality versus quantity dimensions of task performance.FindingsIn Study 1, the authors found that normative quality cues led to a stronger relationship between duty and discretionary quality performance. In Study 2, achievement striving was associated with lower levels of quality performance in the presence of competitive feedback cues.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings illustrate that the dark side of duty and achievement striving emerges in two ways. First, when there is normative pressure for quality, dutiful individuals are apt to sacrifice efficiency. Second, when there is competitive feedback, achievement striving individuals focus on performance standards at the detriment of quality.Practical implicationsThe findings point to the importance of precision and specificity when using personality measures for staffing. Equally important is the informational content of cues conveyed by the social, task and organizational context, in leveraging the impact of personality in the workplace.Originality/valueThis paper clarifies the dark side and bright side contradiction of conscientiousness, adding to the growing literature on unique and often competing consequences of duty and achievement striving. The authors also draw attention to the importance of the content of contextual cues, in trait activation of personality.
COVID-19 outbreak: implications on healthcare operations
Authors: Leite Higor , Lindsay Claire , Kumar Maneesh 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic is considered a major disruptive event of this decade, raising unforeseen socio-economic implications worldwide. This novel virus has increased the influx of patients in hospitals, and healthcare organisations are facing unprecedented constraints in their operations to deal with increased demand and pressed capacity. Thus, this article evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems' demand, resources and capacity and provides research directions.Design/methodology/approachThis is a viewpoint article and uses timely information on healthcare operations from both scholars and managers, published by diverse sources during the COVID-19 outbreak.FindingsThe authors discuss the focus on “flattening the curve of infection” as a measure to protect healthcare, delay the impact of increased demand and reorientate healthcare supply chain practices. Furthermore, the authors evaluate the role of lean practices on managing demand and capacity and improving quality across healthcare operations and supply chain. Finally, the authors suggest research directions on modern operational issues that emerged during this pandemic, such as discussions around the sustainability of lean post-pandemic, “just in time” practices, inventory trade-offs and lack of organisational responsiveness during untenable events.Originality/valueIn this article, the authors provide a contemporary assessment of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare operations, underscoring main economic and operational elements that can be affected, such as unforeseen demand, resources and capacity shortage. Therefore, the authors assess that healthcare organisations, practitioners and governments have to anticipate operational and economic impacts and, ultimately, to reassess their plans to deal with such adverse events.
Welfare‐Consequentialism: A Vaccine for Populism?
Authors: Semple Noel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article is about two ideologies. Welfare‐consequentialism holds that government should adopt the policies that can rationally be expected to maximise aggregate welfare. Populism holds that society is divided into a pure people and a corrupt elite, and asserts that public policy should express the general will of the people. The responses of world governments to the coronavirus pandemic have clearly illustrated the contrast between these ideologies, and the danger that populist government poses to human wellbeing.The article argues that welfare‐consequentialism offers a vaccine for populism. First, it rebuts populism’s claims about who government is for and what it should do. Second, the pessimism and distrust that make people crave populism can be satiated by successful welfare‐consequentialist government. Finally, welfare‐consequentialism’s sunny narrative of progress can be just as compelling to people as populism’s dark story has proven to be.
Recent trends in detecting, controlling, and detoxifying of patulin mycotoxin using biotechnology methods
Authors: Ngolong Ngea Guillaume Legrand , Yang Qiya , Castoria Raffaello , Zhang Xiaoyun , Routledge Michael N , Zhang Hongyin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin that can contaminate many foods and especially fruits and fruit‐based products. Therefore, accurate and effective testing is necessary to enable producers to comply with regulations and promote food safety. Traditional approaches involving the use of chemical compounds or physical treatments in food have provided practical methods that have been used to date. However, growing concerns about environmental and health problems associated with these approaches call for new alternatives. In contrast, recent advances in biotechnology have revolutionized the understanding of living organisms and brought more effective biological tools. This review, therefore, focuses on the study of biotechnology approaches for the detection, control, and mitigation of PAT in food. Future aspects of biotechnology development to overcome the food safety problem posed by PAT were also examined. We find that biotechnology advances offer novel, more effective, and environmental friendly approaches for the control and elimination of PAT in food compared to traditional methods. Biosensors represent the future of PAT detection and use biological tools such as aptamer, enzyme, and antibody. PAT prevention strategies include microbial biocontrol, the use of antifungal biomolecules, and the use of microorganisms in combination with antifungal molecules. PAT detoxification aims at the breakdown and removal of PAT in food by using enzymes, microorganisms, and various adsorbent biopolymers. Finally, biotechnology advances will be dependent on the understanding of fundamental biology of living organisms regarding PAT synthesis and resistance mechanisms.
Effects of age and sex on the relationship between body fat area and kidney events in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Osako Kiyomi , Shibagaki Yugo , Inoue Eisuke , Sakurada Tsutomu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examined the effects of age and sex on the relationship between body fat area and kidney events. We included 367 chronic kidney disease patients between 2011 and 2017. Patients' median age was 73.0 years; 262 (71.4%) patients were male. The median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 20.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. During the observation period, 187 patients developed kidney events. In males aged <75 years, high subcutaneous fat area was a risk factor for kidney events (hazard ratio: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.11). In females aged <75 years, high visceral fat area reduced kidney events (hazard ratio: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71‐0.97). In males and females ≥75 years, visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area were not associated with kidney events. Body fat area was not a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression in elderly patients. Opposite effects, in sex‐related body fat and kidney events, were shown in young patients.
Tryophagus putrescentiae induces inflammatory cytokine secretions from the human cell lines THP‐1 and EoL‐1 cells
Authors: Jeon Sang‐Jin , Kim Eun Joo , Oh Jihyun , Yun Chi‐Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to identify the roles of the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) in relation to human skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. We examined the effects of T. putrescentiae extracts (TpE) on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and their mRNA expression in human immune cells. Human monocytic THP‐1 and eosinophilic EoL‐1 cells were challenged with TpE and the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) secreted in culture supernatant were analyzed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA levels in the cell cultures were also measured via reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In the THP‐1 cells, the TpE significantly induced the secretion of IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. It also stimulated increases in the expression levels of the IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 mRNA. However, while the TpE induced IL‐8 and MCP‐1 mRNA levels in the EoL‐1 cells, it did not induce IL‐6 expression. Using Western blot analysis, we confirmed the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), a member of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in response to TpE challenge of the THP‐1 cells. Collectively, our results show that TpE challenge elicits inflammatory response in the human monocytic THP‐1 and eosinophilic EoL‐1 cells, and it induces increased production of the inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1.
Information Risk and Debtholders’ Mispricing by Considering Audit Quality*
Authors: Jung Yong‐Ki , Kim Sun‐Hwa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine how audit quality perceptions impact debt mispricing in the presence of earnings management. The Big Four auditors (BFAs) and auditor tenure are used as proxies for perceptions of higher quality audits. Debt mispricing means that debtholders charge a lower (higher) cost of debt to a firm with low (high) accrual earnings management (AEM) and high (low) real earnings management (REM). We find that debt mispricing is accentuated (attenuated) by considering the BFA and auditor tenure because debtholders fixate on quality audits curving AEM. For low AEM and REM firms, debt investors place a premium on low AEM with the BFAs/long‐tenured auditors, worsening the mispricing. For high AEM and low REM firms, debt investors impose a “smaller discount” on high AEM with the BFAs/long‐tenured auditors. This study demonstrates that the accentuation (attenuation) of debt mispricing when considering the BFA and auditor tenure occurs mainly if the firm raised only private debt rather than both private and public debt.
Positive association between bitter taste threshold and preference of vegetables among adolescents
Authors: Hald Mathias , Hald Minna Onat , Stankovic Jelena , Niklassen Andreas Steenholt , Ovesen Therese 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimBetter understanding of aspects of taste in adolescents is needed since it has bearings on food policies, food industry and pharmaceutical design. Furthermore, taste preferences likely play a role in overeating and anorexia. We aimed to validate a questionnaire about taste preferences and dietary habits along with measurements of sense of smell and taste.MethodsWe included adolescents from nearby schools in Aarhus, Denmark, from 2017 to 2019. Scoring preferences and habits on a Likert scale, they completed a food item questionnaire. Their chemosensation was tested by the Sniffin’ Sticks and Taste Drop Test.ResultsWe included 100 adolescents: 53 males, 47 females; average age: 15.9 years (12‐17 years). Retest of the questionnaire showed good reliability (Cohen's kappa: 0.5953). Snacks scored the highest average liking (4.48), whereas starches had the highest frequency of consumption (3.64). Bitter taste threshold was positively associated with liking and familiarity with vegetables (P = .032; P = .012), respectively. Healthy self‐reported dietary habits were associated with a higher self‐reported consumption of vegetables and a decreased consumption of snacks.ConclusionAdolescents preferred unhealthy food items, but they also reported more frequent consumption of healthy than unhealthy food items. A higher threshold for the bitter taste, that is, being less sensitive to bitter taste, was associated with higher liking and familiarity of vegetables.