bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer’s disease and related syndromes and hospitalization: a nationwide 5‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Gombault‐Datzenko E. , Gallini A. , Carcaillon‐Bentata L. , Fabre D. , Nourhashemi F. , Andrieu S. , Rachas A. , Gardette V. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeTo study the association between Alzheimer's disease and related syndromes (ADRS) and the incidence of short‐stay hospitalizations from the year before (Y−1) to 4 years after (Y1–Y4) ADRS identification in the healthcare system.MethodsAmong all beneficiaries of the French health insurance general scheme aged 40 years or more, those with an incident ADRS in 2011, identified through long‐term disease registry, hospitalization diagnoses or ADRS‐specific drug delivery, were matched with beneficiaries without ADRS of the same age, gender and residence area. The annual incidence rates of all‐cause hospitalizations (excluding those with a diagnosis code of ADRS) were compared between individuals with or without ADRS using incidence ratios (IRs) globally and by age, gender, deprivation index and modified Charlson score. We also studied cause‐specific hospitalizations using patients’ diagnoses and procedure codes.ResultsA total of 90 871 subjects with and 90 871 subjects without ADRS were included (mean age 79.6 years, 66% females). From Y−1 to Y4, incidence rates were significantly higher in subjects with ADRS than in those without for all‐cause hospitalization [IR(Y−1) = 1.73; 95% confidence intervals, 1.71–1.75; IR(Y4) = 1.37; 95% confidence intervals, 1.35–1.39], hospitalizations for social reasons [IR(Y−1) = 4.28; IR(Y4) = 2.70], fall [IR(Y−1) = 5.36; IR(Y4) = 2.59], injury [IR(Y−1) = 2.71; IR(Y4) = 2.09] and infection [IR(Y−1) = 2.04; IR(Y4) = 2.07]. The inverse was observed for hospitalizations for cataract surgery [IR(Y−1)=0.73; IR(Y4) = 0.51] or total hip prosthesis after 2 years [IR(Y4) = 0.72].ConclusionsIncident ADRS cases were associated with a higher incidence of hospitalization, but these subjects underwent some common non‐emergency surgeries less frequently. Future studies need to assess the clinical impact of these differences.
First catheter‐based high‐density endocardial 3D electroanatomical mapping of the right atrium in standing horses
Authors: Hesselkilde Eva , Linz Dominik , Saljic Arnela , Carstensen Helena , Kutieleh Rayed , Jespersen Thomas , Sanders Prashanthan , Buhl Rikke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThree‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping is of potential interest in equine cardiology to identify arrhythmia mechanisms, characterise electroanatomical substrates and guide ablation strategies.ObjectivesTo describe three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping in standing horses.Study designResearch methodology, proof of concept study.MethodsFour Standardbred horses (2 geldings, 2 mares, median age 4.5 [4‐9] years, mean bodyweight 485 [440‐550] kg) were sedated and placed in stocks. Via the jugular vein, a high‐density multipolar grid catheter (Advisor™ HD Grid Mapping Catheter with EnSite VelocityTM, Abbott Medical) was used for endocardial mapping of the right atrium. The P‐wave on the surface ECG was used as a timing reference for simultaneous local activation time‐ and bipolar voltage‐mapping. For a positional reference a 10‐pole catheter (Abbott Medical) was placed in the caudal vena cava.ResultsEndocardial right atrial mapping guided by the three‐dimensional mapping system and local electrograms was successfully performed in all four horses. A median of 32719 [25499‐65078] points, covering the entire right atrium, were collected. Three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping provided detailed information about activation patterns and electrogram‐characteristics of the sinoatrial node, intervenous tubercle and cavotricuspid isthmus. Additionally, transvenous biopsy forceps connected to the mapping system were visualised on screen to guide biopsy collection.Main limitationsThe feasibility of electroanatomical mapping for the left atrium and in larger breeds requires further study.ConclusionsHigh‐density three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping of the right atrium is feasible in the standing horse.
An efficient fatigue and creep‐fatigue life prediction method by using the hysteresis energy density rate concept
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xu Zhongwei , Wang Xishu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFatigue damage, time‐dependent creep damage and their interaction are considered as the main failure mechanisms for many high temperature structural components. A generalized methodology for predicting both the high temperature low cycle fatigue (HTLCF) and creep‐fatigue lives by using the hysteresis energy density rate (HEDR) and fatigue damage stress concepts was proposed. Experimental data for HTLCF and creep‐fatigue in Alloy 617, Haynes 230 and P92 steel were respectively collected to validate the method. A better prediction capacity and most of the data points that fall within a 1.5 scatter band were obtained compared with the traditional energy‐based method, time fraction rule and ductility exhaustion model. Moreover, a creep‐fatigue damage diagram was also constructed by using the proposed approach.
“What isn't in the files, isn't in the world”: Understanding state ignorance of irregular migration in Germany and the United Kingdom
Authors: Boswell Christina , Badenhoop Elisabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile there is extensive literature on states and knowledge, there has been little focus on state ignorance: instances where states are identified as lacking knowledge relevant to addressing social problems. We present the first systematic analysis of how states perceive and respond to ignorance, developing a typology of responses (denial, resignation, and elucidation). We test and refine the typology through analyzing state ignorance of unauthorized migration in Germany and the UK, 1990–2006. Public authorities in both countries responded to ignorance through both denial and resignation. However, variations in control infrastructures and bureaucratic cultures meant that “resignation” took distinct forms. In the UK, pragmatism about the limitations of state capacity implied that officials were sanguine about their “ignorance,” with pressure emanating from external political scrutiny. In Germany, by contrast, officials faced an acute conflict between bureaucratic and legal norms of the rule of law, and constraints to enforcement. Both cases reveal profound state ambivalence about elucidating social problems over which they have limited control.
Simultaneous measurement of coefficient of thermal expansion and biaxial modulus of enamel thick films deposited on glass substrates by curvature technique
Authors: Walch Emmanuel Bastien Tommy , Benedetto Alessandro , Bacharouche Jalal , Roos Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe measurement of the thermoelastic properties of enamel thick films deposited onto soda‐lime silicate glass is challenging. The film properties can be modified by the interdiffusion between the glass substrate and the enamel and by the crystallization that occur during the sintering. The average biaxial modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion of several enamel thick films deposited onto 700 µm glass substrates have been simultaneously measured using the curvature method. The value of the coefficient of thermal expansion measured with a dilatometer on enamel bulk samples is significantly higher, associated with the absence of diffusion and a different enamel structure. The interdiffusion of elements between the enamel film and the glass substrate has been demonstrated with Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS). The amount of porosity ratio presents in the enamel film, evaluated via Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), has a great influence on the biaxial modulus. The amount of compressive stress in the enamel, calculated from the film thermoelastic properties, is strongly correlated with the mechanical performance of enameled glasses, investigated by Ring On Ring methods. Therefore, a high Young's modulus for the enamel and a mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the enamel film and substrate, the film having the lowest value, has been found to increase significantly the mechanical performance of the stack.
Open education resources to support the WHO nurse educator core competencies
Authors: Berland A. , Capone K. , Etcher L. , Ewing H. , Keating S. , Chickering M. 
Published: April 2020

AimThis paper describes an innovative approach to tackling the shortage of qualified nurse educators, which is a major constraining factor or ‘bottle‐neck’ to improve the global supply of nurses, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries.BackgroundThe World Health Organization commissioned experts to develop Nurse Educator Core Competencies that describe expectations for this cadre of workers. In their deliberations, the WHO experts cited the challenges affecting the adoption of these competencies, particularly the lack of resources available for implementation. To address this specific challenge, a USA‐based non‐government organiization, Nurses International, has developed Open Education Resources (NI‐OER) to support nurse educators with freely accessible curriculum materials and remote mentoring support.MethodsThis paper applies item analysis to consider how the NI‐OER could assist higher education institutes and individual faculty members in meeting each of the WHO Nurse Educator Core Competencies.FindingsThe NI‐OER is a good fit with six of the Nurse Educator Core Competencies and a partial fit with the other two.DiscussionCongruence with the WHO Nurse Educator Core Competencies is an important validity check for the NI‐OER. The ultimate goal of the NI‐OER is to promote sustainable development through intermediate goals related to supporting faculty as they prepare nurses for current and future service needs. Technological solutions like the NI‐OER cannot solve all aspects of a complex problem like the global nursing shortage but are an important tool.Implications for Nursing and Health policyThis resource has significant implications for nursing and health policy because it tackles several constraints to the global goal of increasing production and capacity of nurses. Combined with the organization’s remote mentoring and communities of practice, the NI‐OER appears to have the potential to support novice nurse educators with accessible, adaptable resources.
Self‐coiling silicon nitride nanobelts into microrings
Authors: Yang Wenyou , Wang Wei , Xie Chunxiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we reported the growth of silicon nitride (Si3N4) microrings formed by self‐coiling of nanobelts with a typical saw‐like structure on one side, which were synthesized via catalyst‐assisted pyrolysis of organic precursors. The as‐grown microrings were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The pyrolysis temperature played a crucial role in the self‐coiling of Si3N4 microrings, enabling the tailored growth of Si3N4 microrings. The mechanism for the growth of Si3N4 microrings was discussed, which mainly involved the growth of Si3N4 nanobelts via a vapor‐solid (VS) process, followed by bending into a ring‐like shape driven by the surface stress.
Effect of B2O3 addition on structure and properties of Yb3+/Al3+/B3+‐co‐doped silica glasses
Authors: Guo Mengting , Shao Chongyun , Zhang Yang , Yu Jingbo , Jiao Yan , Guzik Malgorzata , Boulon Georges , Ren Jinjun , Hu Lili 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe homogeneous Yb3+/Al3+/B3+‐co‐doped silica glasses were prepared via a sol‐gel method. The impact of B2O3 addition on the physical and optical properties and network structure was systematically studied. The network structure was investigated by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), Raman spectra, and Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SSNMR). Herein, B2O3 addition can continuously decrease the refractive index and density. When B2O3 is lower than 2 mol%, B2O3 addition can obviously decrease the scalar crystal field parameters, Yb3+ asymmetry degree, Yb3+ cross‐sections, due to the generation of Yb–O–B bonds at the cost of partial Yb–O–Al/Si ones. When B2O3 is more than 2 mol%, FT‐IR, Raman spectra, and SSNMR results indicate that further increased B atoms prefer to connect with Si and Al rather than Yb. Consequently, the above parameters are basically unchanged. Based on the results, an intuitive model of structure and properties evolution during the substitution of SiO2 by B2O3 has been established.
The effectiveness of a pressure injury prevention program for nursing assistants in private for‐profit nursing homes: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kwong Enid W.‐Y. , Chen Liang Y. , Kwan Rick Y.‐C. , Lee Paul H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the effectiveness of a pressure injury prevention program for private for‐profit nursing homes.DesignThis study was a two‐arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Ten private for‐profit nursing homes made up the clusters.MethodsThe participants were nursing home residents who aged 60 or above regardless of whether or not having pre‐existing pressure injuries and also three types of nursing home assistants who provided direct care to the residents from 10 private for‐profit nursing homes. These 10 nursing homes were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. There were 477 and 536 resident participants and 51 and 62 nursing assistant participants in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The residents were the study participants and the nursing assistant participants were the interveners. The experimental group had the pressure injury prevention program implemented while the control group received the usual care. The primary study outcome which was the pressure injury incidence was analysed by GEE. Significance was set at a p‐value of ≤.05. The data were collected between September 2017–March 2018.ResultThere were significant interactive effects of time and group on the incidence of pressure injuries (p = .0015) and on the skill performance of the nursing assistant participants (p < .0001).ConclusionsAn evidence‐based pressure injury prevention program reduced the development of the pressure injuries and improved the skill performance of the nursing assistant participants. It is highly recommended that private for‐profit nursing homes with high proportion of non‐professional nursing assistants and insufficient nurses adopt this program for improving the prevention care of pressure injuries.ImpactThis research has an impact on prevention care of pressure injury in private for‐profit nursing homes with high proportion non‐professional nursing assistants which have the similar characteristics as the nursing homes studied in various regions and countries.Trial registration: The Controlled Trial registration ID is NCT02270385.
A cluster randomized controlled trial of a simplified 5‐step handwashing technique versus a conventional 7‐step handwashing technique among Chinese students with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Lee Regina L. T. , Leung Cynthia , Chen Hong , Lee Paul H. , Kwok Stephen W. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of the simplified 5‐step and the conventional 7‐Step hand hygiene programme in a cluster randomized controlled trial among students with intellectual disabilities.MethodA total of 472 Chinese students with intellectual disabilities were randomized to either simplified 5‐step or conventional 7‐step hand hygiene programme. Assessments included handwashing technique, cleanliness and sick leave days.ResultsHandwashing technique scores (g = 0.25, 95% CI [0.18, 0.32]) and hand cleanliness scores (g = 0.33, 95% CI [0.26, 0.4]) in intervention group were significantly higher than those scores in control group at 6th month post‐intervention although there were significant increases in the scores within both groups. The mean number of sick leave days decreased between baseline and 10 month in both groups according to descriptive statistics.ConclusionsIt is feasible and effective to adopt the simplified 5‐step intervention as a standardized handwashing technique for the population group with intellectual disabilities.
Prevalence and age distribution of pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases among paediatric patients in Germany
Authors: Hübner F. , König I.R. , Holtsche M.M. , Zillikens D. , Linder R. , Schmidt E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune bullous diseases are rare and mostly occur in adults. Several cases and small case series have been described in children, but no systematic study about the prevalence of autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD) in children is available.Patients and methodsWe analysed data of 1.7 million children insured in the largest German health insurance company based on the ICD‐10‐GM classification for the year 2015. Data were adjusted to the general German population based on the data of the Federal Statistical Office for the year 2015.ResultsThe prevalence of AIBD was calculated to 101.1/million children in 2015, resulting in about 1351 patients below the age of 18 years in Germany. The highest prevalence of all AIBD was seen for pemphigus vulgaris (30.5/million children) followed by linear IgA disease (24.5/million children) and bullous pemphigoid (4.9/million children).ConclusionAutoimmune bullous diseases in minors are scarce but should be taken into consideration in patients with pruritus and/or blisters and erosions on the skin and/or mucous membranes. Treatment is challenging, and due to the rarity of AIBD in minors, the management of these disorders in this patient population is best performed in specialized centres in a multidisciplinary approach, including paediatric dermatologists or dermatologists and paediatricians.
Construction expression and immunogenicity of a novel trivalent outer membrane protein (OmpU‐A‐II) from three bacterial pathogens in Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica)
Authors: Zhao Jinping , Wu Liqun , Zhai Shaowei , Lin Peng , Guo Songlin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVibrio vulnificus, Edwardsiella anguillarum and Aeromonas hydrophila are three common bacterial pathogens in cultivated eels. To protect farming eels from infection by these pathogens, a trivalent outer membrane protein (OMP) containing partial sequences of OmpU from V. vulnificus, OmpA from E. anguillarum and OmpII from A. hydrophila was expressed and purified; then, the OMP was used as a vaccine to immunize Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica). Whole‐blood cell proliferation, antibody titres and complement and lysozyme activities were detected at different days post‐immunization (dpi), and the relative per cent survival (RPS) was determined after eels were infected with V. vulnificus, E. anguillarum or A. hydrophila at 28 dpi. The results showed that the OMP significantly stimulates the antibody titres. At 14 days after the challenge (i.e. at 28 dpi), the RPS of OMP against V. vulnificus, E. anguillarum and A. hydrophila was 20%, 70% and 11.1%, respectively. The construction, expression and immunogenicity of a trivalent Omp were reported for the first time, and this study will provide a valuable reference for the development of fish multiplex vaccines.
Population characteristics of five major commercial fish species of the Tono Reservoir in northern Ghana
Authors: Akongyuure Daniel Nsoh , Edziyie Regina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFive major commercial fish species, comprising Sarotherodon galilaeus, Oreochromis niloticus, Coptodon zillii, Clarias gariepinus and Auchenoglanis occidentalis of the Tono Reservoir fishery, were studied from January, 2015 to December, 2016 using length‐based models to establish the state of the stocks. Routines in the FAO‐ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II) were used to determine the growth and mortality parameters, exploitation rates (E) and recruitment patterns of the length–frequency data generated from commercial fish landings and experimental catches. The growth coefficients (K) of the five fish species ranged 0.48–4.89 per year; asymptotic lengths (L∞) ranged from 18.38 to 76.16 cm; and hypothetical ages (t0) ranged between 0.03 and 0.28 years. All five fish species were exploited above the optimal exploitation rate (Eopt = 0.5), indicating overfishing of the species. There was a year‐round recruitment, with major and minor peaks corresponding with the major and minor spawning seasons. Fishing gear regulation and community‐based co‐management system were some management options recommended to enhance sustainable exploitation and management of the fishery.
Transcribed microsatellite allele lengths are often correlated with gene expression in natural sunflower populations
Authors: Ranathunge Chathurani , Wheeler Gregory L. , Chimahusky Melody E. , Perkins Andy D. , Pramod Sreepriya , Welch Mark E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrosatellites are common in genomes of most eukaryotic species. Due to their high mutability, an adaptive role for microsatellites has been considered. However, little is known concerning the contribution of microsatellites towards phenotypic variation. We used populations of the common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) at two latitudes to quantify the effect of microsatellite allele length on phenotype at the level of gene expression. We conducted a common garden experiment with seed collected from sunflower populations in Kansas and Oklahoma followed by an RNA‐Seq experiment on 95 individuals. The effect of microsatellite allele length on gene expression was assessed across 3,325 microsatellites that could be consistently scored. Our study revealed 479 microsatellites at which allele length significantly correlates with gene expression (eSTRs). When irregular allele sizes not conforming to the motif length were removed, the number of eSTRs rose to 2,379. The percentage of variation in gene expression explained by eSTRs ranged from 1%–86% when controlling for population and allele‐by‐population interaction effects at the 479 eSTRs. Of these eSTRs, 70.4% are in untranslated regions (UTRs). A gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that eSTRs are significantly enriched for GO terms associated with cis‐ and trans‐regulatory processes. Our findings suggest that a substantial number of transcribed microsatellites can influence gene expression.
On‐line system identification of structures using wavelet‐Hilbert transform and sparse component analysis
Authors: Karami Kaveh , Fatehi Pejman , Yazdani Azad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new wavelet‐Hilbert transform based sparse component analysis (WHT‐SCA) method is presented for online system identification in indeterminate conditions. The instantaneous phase ratios of output signals are obtained by using a wavelet‐Hilbert transform based filter; and the out‐of‐phase data, that causes errors in identification accuracy, is detected and eliminated. Then, modal parameters of the structure are identified through existing relationships between the dispersion of filtered data in the frequency domain. Subsequently, to demonstrate the capability of the online identification, a new controller is introduced by combining the WHT‐SCA and a semi‐active tuned mass damper (STMD), resulting in creation of smart structures. The performance of the proposed method and controller is investigated through examples. The results demonstrate that, modal parameters of structures are identified accurately even with noise contamination and limited number of sensors. Also, the STMD is effectively robust against any variations in modal parameters of the structure.