bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kindergarten antecedents of the developmental course of active and passive parental monitoring strategies during middle childhood and adolescence
Authors: Racz Sarah J. , McMahon Robert J. , King Kevin M. , Pinderhughes Ellen E. , Bendezú Jason J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDecades of research have highlighted the significance of parenting in children's development, yet few studies have focused specifically on the development of parental monitoring strategies in diverse families living in at-risk neighborhoods. The current study investigated the development of active (i.e., parental discussions and curfew rules) and passive (i.e., child communication with parents) parental monitoring strategies across different developmental periods (middle childhood and adolescence; Grades 4–5 and 7–11) as well as individual (child, parent), family, and contextual antecedents (measured in kindergarten) of this parenting behavior. Using an ecological approach, this study evaluated longitudinal data from 753 participants in the Fast Track Project, a multisite study directed at the development and prevention of conduct problems in at-risk children. Latent trajectory modeling results identified little to no mean growth in these monitoring strategies over time, suggesting that families living in at-risk environments may engage in consistent levels of monitoring strategies to ensure children's safety and well-being. Findings also identified several kindergarten antecedents of the growth factors of these parental monitoring strategies including (a) early child conduct problems; (b) parental warmth/involvement, satisfaction, and efficacy; and (c) parent–child relationship quality. These predictive effects largely highlighted the important role of early parenting behaviors on later levels of and growth in parental monitoring strategies. These findings have important implications for potential prevention and intervention targets to promote the development of parental monitoring strategies among families living in more at-risk contexts.
Effects of the After Deployment: Adaptive Parenting Tools (ADAPT) intervention on fathers and their children: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Gewirtz Abigail H. , Snyder James , Zamir Osnat , Zhang Jingchen , Zhang Na 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeployment to war is associated with disruptions to emotion regulation and parenting. Using data from a randomized controlled trial, we examined whether fathers with poorer emotion regulation would differentially benefit from the After Deployment, Adaptive Parenting Tools program, a 14-session group-based parenting intervention. Prior analyses of the intervention demonstrated benefits to observed couple parenting and children's adjustment, but not to fathers’ observed parenting. In this study we examined whether intervention effects on fathers’ observed distress avoidance were moderated by baseline emotion regulation, and whether reduced distress avoidance was associated with improved observed parenting and reduced children's internalizing symptoms. A subset of the full randomized controlled trial sample (181 families with a father who had returned from deployment to war in Iraq or Afghanistan, a nondeployed mother, and a target child aged 4–13) completed measures at baseline, 12-months, and 24-months postbaseline. Results indicated that fathers high in baseline emotion regulation difficulties assigned to the intervention group showed reductions in observed distress avoidance at 12 months compared to controls, which were subsequently associated with improvements in observed parenting practices and reductions in children's internalizing symptoms at 24 months. The results suggest a role for personalizing parenting programs for fathers high in emotion dysregulation.
The socialization of boys and men in the modern era: An evolutionary mismatch
Authors: Biglan Anthony , Van Ryzin Mark J. , Moore Kevin J. , Mauricci Michelle , Mannan Irin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the misalignment between modern human society and certain male phenotypes, a misalignment that has been highlighted and explored in great detail in the work of Tom Dishion. We begin by briefly enumerating the ongoing developmental difficulties of many boys and young men and how these difficulties affect them and those around them. We then suggest that the qualities that have been advantageous for men and their families in our earlier evolution but that are often no longer functional in modern society are a source of these problems. Finally, we provide a brief review of prevention programs that can contribute to preventing this type of problematic development and eliciting more prosocial behavior from at-risk boys and men. We conclude with an overview of research and policy priorities that could contribute to reducing the proportion of boys and young men who experience developmental difficulties in making their way in the world.
The potential impact of policies to reduce Social Security funding shortfalls on consumers' expected benefits and behavior
Authors: Perez-Arce Francisco , Rabinovich Lila , Yoong Joanne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo ensure the long-term sustainability of the US Social Security System, several policy alternatives can theoretically be implemented. However, in practice, consumer responses can be challenging for policymakers to anticipate. We conducted a randomized survey on the nationally-representative Understanding America Study (UAS) panel where respondents were presented with a series of ‘policy scenarios’ in which the government enacts alternative reforms aimed to reduce the expected shortfall in the trust fund that pays Social Security retirement benefits. These scenarios included an increase in the Social Security payroll tax, an increase in the wage ceiling, and a reduction of benefits. We find that changes in respondents’ subjective expectations about their benefits and how this will affect their behaviors are directionally consistent with what would be expected when individuals are attentive to the available information and form rational expectations (e.g., monthly benefit expectations increase upon the announcement of an increase in the Social Security tax rate or in the wage ceiling, and they decrease less-than-proportionally with hypothetical benefit cuts). However, surprisingly, these changes are not sensitive to the magnitudes of policy change (e.g., the increase in expected benefits is about the same regardless of the size of Social Security payroll tax increases). Individuals with higher levels of education, cognitive ability, and financial literacy are more likely to adjust their expectations as predicted by theory.
Potential feedbacks between loss of biosphere integrity and climate change
Authors: Lade Steven J. , Norberg Jon , Anderies John M. , Beer Christian , Cornell Sarah E. , Donges Jonathan F. , Fetzer Ingo , Gasser Thomas , Richardson Katherine , Rockström Johan , Steffen Will 
Published: November 2019

Non-technical abstractIndividual organisms on land and in the ocean sequester massive amounts of the carbon emitted into the atmosphere by humans. Yet the role of ecosystems as a whole in modulating this uptake of carbon is less clear. Here, we study several different mechanisms by which climate change and ecosystems could interact. We show that climate change could cause changes in ecosystems that reduce their capacity to take up carbon, further accelerating climate change. More research on – and better governance of – interactions between climate change and ecosystems is urgently required.
Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation of Short‐Period Planetary Waves and Polar Night Jet in Winter Antarctica Observed in SABER and MERRA‐2 and Mechanism Study With a Quasi‐Geostrophic Model
Authors: Lu Xian , Wu Haonan , Chu Xinzhao , Oberheide Jens , Mlynczak Martin G. , Russell James M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnalyzing Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) observations from 2003 to 2018, the interannual variability of 2–5d eastward propagating planetary waves is found to correlate positively with zonal‐mean zonal winds averaged over 67.5°±10°S but negatively with the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) index in austral winter. The composite‐mean wave amplitudes are ~20% larger in QBOe than in QBOw. On statistical average, the poleward flank strengthening and the equatorward flank weakening of polar night jet (PNJ) during QBOe form a dipole‐cell pattern. In contrast, only a single negative cell is seen in the Northern Hemisphere zonal‐mean zonal winds (January) previously explained by the Holton‐Tan theory. Such difference implies an interhemispheric asymmetry and other processes needed to explain the additional positive cell in Antarctica. Mechanistic modeling illustrates that the stronger PNJ generates eastward propagating planetary waves with larger growth rates (stronger waves) in QBOe than QBOw, explaining the QBO‐like signal in the Antarctic planetary waves.
Distinct Impacts of Increased Aerosols on Cloud Droplet Number Concentration of Stratus/Stratocumulus and Cumulus
Authors: Jia H. , Ma X. , Yu F. , Liu Y. , Yin Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn situ aircraft measurements obtained during the RACORO field campaign are analyzed to study the aerosol effects on different cloud regimes. The results show that with increasing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) significantly increases in stratocumulus (Sc) while remains almost unchanged in cumulus (Cu). By using a new approach to strictly constrain the dynamics in Cu, we found that neither simultaneously changing cloud dynamics nor dilution of cloud water induced by entrainment‐mixing can explain the observed insensitivity of Nd. The different degree of reduction in cloud supersaturation caused by increasing aerosols might be responsible for the observed different aerosol indirect effect between Sc and Cu.
Eastward Propagating Second Harmonic Poloidal Waves Triggered by Temporary Outward Gradient of Proton Phase Space Density: Van Allen Probe A Observation
Authors: Yamamoto K. , Nosé M. , Keika K. , Hartley D. P. , Smith C. W. , MacDowall R. J. , Lanzerotti L. J. , Mitchell D. G. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Wygant J. R. , Bonnell J. W. , Oimatsu S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo wave packets of second harmonic poloidal Pc 4 waves with a wave frequency of ~7 mHz were detected by Van Allen Probe A at a radial distance of ~5.8 RE and magnetic local time of 13 hr near the magnetic equator, where plasmaspheric refilling was in progress. Proton butterfly distributions with energy dispersions were also measured at the same time; the proton fluxes at 10–30 keV oscillated with the same frequency as the Pc 4 waves. Using the ion sounding technique, we find that the Pc 4 waves propagated eastward with an azimuthal wave number (m number) of ~220 and ~260 for each wave packet, respectively. Such eastward propagating high‐m (m > 100) waves were seldom reported in previous studies. The condition of drift‐bounce resonance is well satisfied for the estimated m numbers in both events. Proton phase space density was also examined to understand the wave excitation mechanism. We obtained temporal variations of the energy and radial gradient of the proton phase space density and find that temporal intensification of the radial gradient can generate the two wave packets. The cold electron density around the spacecraft apogee was >100 cm−3 in the present events, and hence the eigenfrequency of the Pc 4 waves became lower. This causes the increase of the m number which satisfies the resonance condition of drift‐bounce resonance for 10–30 keV protons and meets the condition for destabilization due to gyrokinetic effect.
Submesoscales Enhance Storm‐Driven Vertical Mixing of Nutrients: Insights From a Biogeochemical Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Whitt D. B. , Lévy M. , Taylor J. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStorms deepen the mixed layer, entrain nutrients from the pycnocline, and fuel phytoplankton blooms in midlatitude oceans. However, the effects of oceanic submesoscale (0.1–10 km horizontal scale) physical heterogeneity on the physical‐biogeochemical response to a storm are not well understood. Here, we explore these effects numerically in a Biogeochemical Large Eddy Simulation (BLES), where a four‐component biogeochemical model is coupled with a physical model that resolves some submesoscales and some smaller turbulent scales (2 km to 2 m) in an idealized storm forcing scenario. Results are obtained via comparisons to BLES in smaller domains that do not resolve submesoscales and to one‐dimensional column simulations with the same biogeochemical model, initial conditions, and boundary conditions but parameterized turbulence and submesoscales. These comparisons show different behaviors during and shortly after the storm. During the storm, resolved submesoscales double the vertical nutrient flux. The vertical diffusivity is increased by a factor of 10 near the mixed layer base, and the mixing‐induced increase in potential energy is double. Resolved submesoscales also enhance horizontal nutrient and phytoplankton variance by a factor of 10. After the storm, resolved submesoscales maintain higher nutrient and phytoplankton variance within the mixed layer. However, submesoscales reduce net vertical nutrient fluxes by 50% and nearly shut off the turbulent diffusivity. Over the whole scenario, resolved submesoscales double storm‐driven biological production. Current parameterizations of submesoscales and turbulence fail to capture both the enhanced nutrient flux during the storm and the enhanced biological production.
Vertical Structure and Seasonal Variability of the Inflow to the Lofoten Basin Inferred From High‐Resolution Lagrangian Simulations
Authors: Dugstad Johannes S. , Koszalka Inga Monika , Isachsen Pål Erik , Dagestad Knut‐Frode , Fer Ilker 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Lofoten Basin in the eastern Nordic Seas plays a central role in modifying the warm Atlantic Water inflow toward the Arctic Ocean. Here, the Atlantic Water experiences increased residence times, cooling, and substantial transformation. In this study, we investigate the Atlantic Water inflow pathways to the Lofoten Basin and their vertical and seasonal variations using 2‐D and 3‐D Lagrangian simulations forced by a high‐resolution ocean model. Atlantic Water enters the basin from all directions, but we find two main inflow pathways at all vertical levels, one close to the Lofoten Escarpment in the southeast, associated with the Slope Current, and another close to the Helgeland Ridge in the southwest, associated with the Front Current. The surface inflow exhibits a stronger seasonal forcing than the inflow at depth as well as a stronger heat loss that is dominated by water masses entering the basin from the south. At deeper levels, the warm inflow from the east cools, while the relatively colder inflow from the west warms. The 2‐D and 3‐D synthetic trajectories show similar pathways. However, they are affected differently by the seasonal signal, giving different heat exchange patterns. Our results have implications for how results from Lagrangian observations in the region should be interpreted.
Bayesian Calibration of the Mg/Ca Paleothermometer in Planktic Foraminifera
Authors: Tierney Jessica E. , Malevich Steven B. , Gray William , Vetter Lael , Thirumalai Kaustubh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Mg/Ca ratio of planktic foraminifera is a widely used proxy for sea‐surface temperature but is also sensitive to other environmental factors. Previous work has relied on correcting Mg/Ca for nonthermal influences. Here, we develop a set of Bayesian models for Mg/Ca in four major planktic groups—Globigerinoides ruber (including both pink and white chromotypes), Trilobatus sacculifer, Globigerina bulloides, and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (including N. incompta)—that account for the multivariate influences on this proxy in an integrated framework. We use a hierarchical model design that leverages information from both laboratory culture studies and globally distributed core top data, allowing us to include environmental sensitivities that are poorly constrained by core top observations alone. For applications over longer geological timescales, we develop a version of the model that incorporates changes in the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater. We test our models—collectively referred to as BAYMAG—on sediment trap data and on representative paleoclimate time series and demonstrate good agreement with observations and independent sea‐surface temperature proxies. BAYMAG provides probabilistic estimates of past temperatures that can accommodate uncertainties in other environmental influences, enhancing our ability to interpret signals encoded in Mg/Ca.
Satellite UV-Vis spectroscopy: implications for air quality trends and their driving forces in China during 2005–2017
Authors: Zhang Chengxin , Liu Cheng , Hu Qihou , Cai Zhaonan , Su Wenjing , Xia Congzi , Zhu Yizhi , Wang Siwen , Liu Jianguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAbundances of a range of air pollutants can be inferred from satellite UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements by using the unique absorption signatures of gas species. Here, we implemented several spectral fitting methods to retrieve tropospheric NO2, SO2, and HCHO from the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI), with radiative simulations providing necessary information on the interactions of scattered solar light within the atmosphere. We analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal trends of satellite-observed air pollutants over eastern China during 2005–2017, especially in heavily polluted regions. We found significant decreasing trends in NO2 and SO2 since 2011 over most regions, despite varying temporal features and turning points. In contrast, an overall increasing trend was identified for tropospheric HCHO over these regions in recent years. Furthermore, generalized additive models were implemented to understand the driving forces of air quality trends in China and assess the effectiveness of emission controls. Our results indicated that although meteorological parameters, such as wind, water vapor, solar radiation and temperature, mainly dominated the day-to-day and seasonal fluctuations in air pollutants, anthropogenic emissions played a unique role in the long-term variation in the ambient concentrations of NO2, SO2, and HCHO in the past 13 years. Generally, recent declines in NO2 and SO2 could be attributed to emission reductions due to effective air quality policies, and the opposite trends in HCHO may urge the need to control anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.
Coadministration of lithium and celecoxib reverses manic-like behavior and decreases oxidative stress in a dopaminergic model of mania induced in rats
Authors: Valvassori Samira S. , Tonin Paula T. , Dal-Pont Gustavo C. , Varela Roger B. , Cararo José Henrique , Garcia Abel Freitas , Gava Fernanda F. , Menegas Samira , Soares Jair C. , Quevedo João 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study intends to investigate the effect of lithium (Li) and celecoxib (Cel) coadministration on the behavioral status and oxidative stress parameters in a rat model of mania induced by dextroamphetamine (d-AMPH). Male Wistar rats were treated with d-AMPH or saline (Sal) for 14 days; on the 8th day of treatment, rats received lithium (Li), celecoxib (Cel), Li plus Cel, or water until day 14. Levels of oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the serum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus. d-AMPH administration induced hyperlocomotion in rats, which was significantly reversed by Li and Cel coadministration. In addition, d-AMPH administration induced damage to proteins and lipids in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. All these impairments were reversed by treatment with Li and/or Cel, in a way dependent on cerebral area and biochemical analysis. Li and Cel coadministration reversed the d-AMPH-induced decrease in catalase activity in cerebral structures. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was decreased in the frontal cortex of animals receiving d-AMPH, and treatment with Li, Cel, or a combination thereof reversed this alteration in this structure. Overall, data indicate hyperlocomotion and alteration in oxidative stress biomarkers in the cerebral structures of rats receiving d-AMPH. Li and Cel coadministration can mitigate these modifications, comprising a potential novel approach for BD therapy.
POTEE drives colorectal cancer development via regulating SPHK1/p65 signaling
Authors: Shen Zhiyong , Feng Xiaochuang , Fang Yuan , Li Yongsheng , Li Zhenkang , Zhan Yizhi , Lin Mingdao , Li Guoxin , Ding Yi , Deng Haijun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAberrant gene expression plays critical roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we show that POTEE, which was identified as a member E of POTE ankyrin domain family, was significantly upregulated in colorectal tumors and predicted poor overall survival of CRC patients. In CRC cells, POTEE could act as an oncogene and could promote cell growth, cell-cycle progression, inhibit apoptosis, and elevates xenograft tumor growth. Mechanically, we used microarray analysis and identified a POTEE/SPHK1/p65 signaling axis, which affected the biological functions of CRC cells. Further evaluation showed that overexpression of POTEE could increase the protein expression of SPHK1, followed by promoting the phosphorylation and activation of p65 protein. Altogether, our findings suggested a POTEE/SPHK1/p65 signaling axis could promote colorectal tumorigenesis and POTEE might potentially serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and an intervention of colorectal cancer.
Clustering knowledge and dispersing abilities enhances collective problem solving in a network
Authors: Gomez Charles J. , Lazer David M. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiversity tends to generate more and better ideas in social settings, ranging in scale from small-deliberative groups to tech-clusters and cities. Implicit in this research is that there are knowledge-generating benefits from diversity that comes from mixing different individuals, ideas, and perspectives. Here, we utilize agent-based modeling to examine the emergent outcomes resulting from the manipulation of how diversity is distributed and how knowledge is generated within communicative social structures. In the context of problem solving, we focus on cognitive diversity and its two forms: ability and knowledge. For diversity of ability, we find that local diversity (intermixing of different agents) performs best at all time scales. However, for diversity of knowledge, we find that local homogeneity performs best in the long-run, because it maintains global diversity, and thus the knowledge-generating ability of the group, for a longer period.
Mapping the perturbome network of cellular perturbations
Authors: Caldera Michael , Müller Felix , Kaltenbrunner Isabel , Licciardello Marco P. , Lardeau Charles-Hugues , Kubicek Stefan , Menche Jörg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrug combinations provide effective treatments for diverse diseases, but also represent a major cause of adverse reactions. Currently there is no systematic understanding of how the complex cellular perturbations induced by different drugs influence each other. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework for classifying any interaction between perturbations with high-dimensional effects into 12 interaction types. We apply our framework to a large-scale imaging screen of cell morphology changes induced by diverse drugs and their combination, resulting in a perturbome network of 242 drugs and 1832 interactions. Our analysis of the chemical and biological features of the drugs reveals distinct molecular fingerprints for each interaction type. We find a direct link between drug similarities on the cell morphology level and the distance of their respective protein targets within the cellular interactome of molecular interactions. The interactome distance is also predictive for different types of drug interactions.