bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of fatty acids on autophagy in NPY neurones
Authors: Reginato Andressa , Siqueira Beatriz Piatezzi , Miyamoto Josiane Érica , Portovedo Mariana , Costa Suleyma de Oliveira , de Fante Thaís , Rodrigues Hosana Gomes , Ignácio‐Souza Letícia Martins , Torsoni Márcio Alberto , Torsoni Adriana Souza , Le Stunff Hervé , Belsham Denise D. , Milanski Marciane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh‐fat diet (HFD) feeding is deleterious to hypothalamic tissue, leading to inflammation and lipotoxicity, as well as contributing to central insulin resistance. Autophagy is a process that restores cellular homeostasis by degrading malfunctioning organelles and proteins. Chronic HFD‐feeding down‐regulates hypothalamic autophagy. However, the effects of short‐term HFD‐feeding and the saturated fatty acid palmitate (PA) on hypothalamic autophagy and in neurones that express neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti‐related peptide remains unknown. Therefore, we assessed hypothalamic autophagy after 1 and 3 days of HFD‐feeding. We also injected PA i.c.v and analysed the modulation of autophagy in hypothalamic tissue. Both interventions resulted in changes in autophagy‐related gene profiles without significant differences in protein content of p62 and LC3B‐II, markers of the autophagy pathway. When we assessed native NPY neurones in brain slices from PA‐treated animals, we observed increased levels of Atg7 and LC3B protein in response to PA treatment, indicating the induction of autophagy. We then tested the direct effects of fatty acids using the immortalised hypothalamic NPY‐expressing neuronal cell model mHypoE‐46. We found that PA, but not palmitoleate (PO) (a monounsaturated fatty acid), was able to induce autophagy. Co‐treatment with PA and PO was able to block the PA‐mediated induction of autophagy, as assessed by flow cytometry. When the de novo ceramide synthesis pathway was blocked with myriocin pre‐treatment, we observed a decrease in PA‐mediated induction of autophagy, although there was no change with the toll‐like receptor 4 inhibitor, TAK‐242. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that saturated and unsaturated fatty acids can differentially regulate hypothalamic autophagy and that ceramide synthesis may be an important mediator of those effects. Understanding the mechanisms by which dietary fats affect autophagy in neurones involved in the control of energy homeostasis will provide potential new pathways for targeting and containing the obesity epidemic.
A short review of alternative ingredients and technologies of inorganic UV filters
Authors: Nery Érika Minuci , Martinez Renata Miliani , Velasco Maria Valéria Robles , Baby André Rolim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe growing need to use sunscreens is a concrete reality, and it is associated with the increase in the population's awareness of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage. Inorganic UV filters promote the formation of particles/pigments film over the skin surface, reflecting, dispersing, and absorbing the radiation. Investigations of this class of filters demonstrate the emergence of alternative ingredients and new technologies.Aims and MethodsIn this review, we presented potential candidates for alternative UV inorganic filters, such as hydroxyapatite, cerium dioxide, and hydrotalcite.ResultsSpecialized literature identified hydroxyapatite and cerium dioxide as actives with good performances, with a broad spectrum of absorption against UV radiation. Both of them were considered safe against degradation and skin erythema formation. Inorganic compounds as an alternative to circumvent degradation problems of organic UV filters containing PABA were also analyzed, with hydrotalcite having a good performance in improving the performance of classic ingredients, bypassing photoinstability, and improving safety, in addition to preventing skin irritability.ConclusionFurther investigations of these ingredients and interactions with sunscreen formulations are necessary to overall explore their safety and efficacy, encouraging future researches for more inorganic UV filters.
Describing objectively measured intensive care nurses’ physical work activity behavioural patterns during a 12‐hr shift
Authors: Yu Fiona , Narayanan Anantha , Mackay Lisa , Ward Kim , King Anna , Smith Melody 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo describe intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ physical work activity behavioural patterns over 12 hr using dual accelerometry, following a job demands–recovery framework.BackgroundLimited studies utilised accelerometry to objectively analyse nurses’ physical workloads. Little is known about intensive care nurses’ physical activity patterns during a 12‐hr shift.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted with intensive care nurses from four units in Auckland, New Zealand.MethodsEach participant wore two Axivity AX3 accelerometers to measure physical activity during a 12‐hr day or night shift. An online survey captured participants’ demographic information. R software (version 3.6.1) and SPSS version 26 were utilised for data analysis. The STROBE was followed.ResultsA total of 102 nurses were included in this study. A high level of light intensity activity behaviours (standing, dynamic standing, walking) was observed throughout the day shifts, with no higher intensity behaviours identified. Activity levels were highest at the beginning of shifts and followed a consistent pattern, with an additional peak around midday for day shifts and at the end of the shift for night shifts. Observable differences were seen between day and night shifts with a greater prevalence of sitting and lying during night shifts. Standing, dynamic standing, sitting, lying and walking were significant factors in the differences of the physical work behaviours between the day shift nurses and the night shift nurses. Significant differences in dynamic standing and lying were found between ICUs.ConclusionsIntensive care nurses’ physical work activity involved a large amount of standing and dynamic standing during a 12‐hr shift. The overall physical workload during a 12‐hr day shift was significantly higher than that during a 12‐hr night shift.Relevance to clinical practiceResults may help managers attain a better understanding of nurses’ physical workloads during a 12‐hr shift.
The Clinical Contribution of Neurovascular Ultrasonography in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gomez Jonathan R. , Hobbs Kyle S. , Johnson Leilani L. , Vu Quang D. , Bennett John , Tegeler Charles , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Sarwal Aarti 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPatients with acute ischemic stroke receive computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) for clinical evaluation. Current guidelines lack in defining indications for transcranial Doppler (TCD) and/or carotid duplex ultrasonography (CUS) in acute stroke evaluation or follow‐up cerebrovascular imaging after reperfusion. We investigated the clinical utility of performing additional TCD/CUS after reperfusion in guiding postacute care stroke management.METHODSRetrospective review of acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to a comprehensive stroke center with CTA head and neck and/or DSA followed by TCD/CUS. Cases were reviewed by two authors to determine if TCD/CUS provided additional diagnostic information to aid management. A nominal group process, using a third author, achieved consensus in cases of disagreements.RESULTSOnly 25 of 198 patients had CTA or DSA followed by TCD/CUS. Ten (40%) cases showed new clinical information from CUS aiding management. Of those with TCD, 5 patients (22.7%) had findings that impacted management. These clinical scenarios included detection of mobile thrombus requiring anticoagulation; distinguishing carotid near‐occlusion from occlusion; confirming hemodynamic significance of intra/extracranial stenosis helping emergent stenting/endarterectomy; detecting hyperperfusion on TCDs causing symptoms; and establishing chronicity of carotid stenosis based on collateral flow patterns, which deferred further intervention.DISCUSSIONOur experience shows that TCD/CUS may offer additional diagnostic information assisting postacute care management in small subset of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Larger studies are needed to research the clinical impact and cost‐effectiveness of additional imaging and inform clinical guidelines for selecting patients who will benefit from these additional studies.
Early lactate measurements for predictingin‐hospitalmortality in paediatric sepsis
Authors: Jaiswal Priyanka , Dewan Pooja , Gomber Sunil , Banerjee Basu Dev , Kotru Mrinalini , Malhotra Rajeev Kumar , Tyagi Vipin 
Published: August 2020

AimWe compared the performance of plasma lactate with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and paediatric sepsis‐related organ failure assessment (pSOFA) score for predicting mortality in septic children.MethodsSerial plasma lactate and hs‐CRP levels and pSOFA score was assessed during early hospital stay in septic children.ResultsOut of 149 participants, 45 died. Plasma lactate at 0 h and 6 h was significantly higher, and lactate clearance was significantly lower in non‐survivors. The optimal cut‐off of plasma lactate at 6h for identifying mortality was 2.5 mmol/L (sensitivity 85% and specificity 74%). pSOFA score had the best predictive ability for mortality (AUC 0.89) followed by hs‐CRP at 0 h (AUC 0.86), hs‐CRP at 48 h (AUC 0.83), plasma lactate levels at 6 h (AUC 0.83), and plasma lactate at 0 h (AUC 0.67).ConclusionpSOFA score, hs‐CRP and hyperlactemia at 6 h can identify septic children at risk of dying.
Psychologically informed physiotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for children and adolescents with functional neurological disorder: Physical and mental health outcomes
Authors: Kasia Kozlowska , Nicola Gray , Stephen Scher , Blanche Savage 
Published: August 2020

AimChildren and adolescents with functional neurological disorder (FND) present with physical impairment and mental health comorbidities. Specialist physiotherapy programs for treating FND have been developed over the last two decades. This article reports outcome data from three cohorts of children treated with a multidisciplinary rehabilitation intervention – the Mind–Body Program – in which a psychologically informed physiotherapy intervention, known as the wellness approach to physiotherapy, was a key component.MethodsFor three cohorts of children (n = 57, n = 60 and n = 25, respectively) treated in the Mind–Body Program, data about functional impairment and mental health concerns were collected at presentation and at follow‐up (4 years, 12 months and 18 months, respectively).ResultsOutcome data show that FND symptoms resolved in 54/57 (95%), 51/60 (85%) and 22/25 (88%) of children in the three cohorts, and that 31/57 (61%), 32/60 (53%) and 13/25 (52%) of children returned to full health and to full‐time school attendance. Changes in Global Assessment of Function (GAF) were significant (t(54) = 21.60, P < 0.001; t(55) = 9.92, P < 0.001; t(24) = 6.51, P < 0.001). Outcomes were less favourable for children with chronic FND symptoms at presentation; those whose comorbid mental health disorders or other (comorbid) functional somatic symptoms did not resolve; and those who subsequently developed chronic mental health problems.ConclusionsImplementation of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation intervention – with psychologically informed physiotherapy as one of the key treatment components – resulted in resolution of FND symptoms and return to health and well‐being in the large majority of patients.
Organisation, Emergence and Cambridge Social Ontology
Authors: Slade‐Caffarel Yannick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractJohn Searle has mistakenly claimed that emergence is the central concept in the account of social ontology defended by Tony Lawson, the central figure in the project now regularly referred to as Cambridge Social Ontology. This is not the case. Rather, if any concept can be considered central for Lawson, it is organisation. In this paper, I explain how Searle could misunderstand Lawson and, in doing so, I bring out the importance of organisation for understanding how phenomena, both social and non‐social, are constituted.
Improved quality of life following direct‐acting antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection in Rwanda: Results from a clinical trial in sub‐Saharan Africa (the SHARED study)
Authors: Van Nuil Jennifer Ilo , Umutesi Grace , Shumbusho Fabienne , Kateera Frederick , Dushimimana Jean de Dieu , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , Musabeyezu Emmanuel , Mukabatsinda Constance , Ntirenganya Cyprien , Kabahizi Jules , Serumondo Janvier , Makuza Jean Damascene , Nsanzimana Sabin , Grant Philip , Gupta Neil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAround 71 million people are living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with approximately 14% residing in sub‐Saharan Africa. Direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapies offer clear benefits for liver‐related morbidity and mortality, and data from high‐income settings suggest that DAA treatments also provide significant benefits in terms of health‐related quality of life (HRQL). In this study, we assessed the effect of DAA treatment on HRQL for individuals treated for HCV in a clinical trial in Rwanda. We assessed the HRQL of participants using an 83‐question composite survey at Day 0 (‘baseline’) and Week 24 (‘endpoint’). Data were analysed in R. A total of 296 participants were included in this analysis. Their ages ranged from 19 to 90, and 184 (62.2%) were female. There were significant improvements from baseline to endpoint median scores for all physical and mental quality of life sub‐scales. Additionally, a reduction—before and after treatment—in the proportion of those classified as depressed and needing social support was statistically significant (both P < .001). Economic productivity increased after treatment (P < .001), and households classified as food secure increased from baseline to endpoint (P < .001). These results demonstrate that Rwandans with chronic HCV infection experience both clinical and HRQL benefits, including household‐level benefits like substantial gains in workforce stability, economic productivity, and poverty alleviation, from DAA treatment. A stronger demonstration of accurate and broader household‐level benefits achieved through treatment of HCV with DAAs will help financing and investment for HCV in resource‐constrained settings become an urgent priority.
The association of sex steroid hormone concentrations with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver enzymes in US men
Authors: Phan Hong , Richard Aline , Lazo Mariana , Nelson William G. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Groopman John , Kanarek Norma , Platz Elizabeth A. , Rohrmann Sabine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThis study aimed to analyse the association of sex hormone levels with liver enzyme levels and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a nationally representative sample of men.MethodsA total of 919 men from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) III were included in this cross‐sectional analysis of data from 1988 to 1991. We used existing data on serum total and free testosterone, total and free estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide (AAG) and sex steroid‐binding globulin (SHBG), and estimated their associations with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and NAFLD, as determined using ultrasound, after adjusting for possible confounders including age, race, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, waist circumference and steroid hormones.ResultsLower total testosterone (TT) and higher free estradiol were associated with higher odds of NAFLD after adjusting for confounders including the other sex hormones. Lower TT was associated with higher odds of elevated AST, but not ALT. Free testosterone, total estradiol, SHBG and AAG were not associated with NAFLD or liver enzymes.ConclusionsThis study supports an inverse association between TT concentration and NAFLD in men independent of other sex hormones (SHBG, AAG and estradiol) and known risk factors, such as obesity, age and lifestyle. Exploration of whether TT might be a non‐invasive marker for NAFLD diagnosis is warranted.
Global gene expression patterns in Porites white patch syndrome: Disentangling symbiont loss from the thermal stress response in reef‐building coral
Authors: Kenkel Carly D. , Mocellin Veronique J. L. , Bay Line K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms resulting in the breakdown of the coral symbiosis once the process of bleaching has been initiated remain unclear. Distinguishing the process of symbiont loss from the thermal stress response may shed light on the cellular and molecular pathways involved in each process. This study examined physiological changes and global gene expression patterns associated with white patch syndrome (WPS) in Porites lobata, which manifests in localized bleaching independent of thermal stress. In addition, a meta‐analysis of global gene expression studies in other corals and anemones was used to contrast differential regulation as a result of disease and thermal stress from patterns correlated with symbiotic state. Symbiont density, chlorophyll a content, holobiont productivity, instant calcification rate, and total host protein content were uniformly reduced in WPS relative to healthy tissue. While expression patterns associated with WPS were secondary to fixed effects of source colony, specific functional enrichments combined with a lack of immune regulation suggest that the viral infection putatively giving rise to this condition affects symbiont rather than host cells. Expression in response to WPS also clustered independently of patterns in white syndrome impacted A. hyacinthus, further supporting a distinct aetiology of this syndrome. Expression patterns in WPS‐affected tissues were significantly correlated with prior studies that examined short‐term thermal stress responses independent of symbiotic state, suggesting that the majority of expression changes reflect a nonspecific stress response. Across studies, the magnitude and direction of expression change among particular functional enrichments suggests unique responses to stressor duration and highlights distinct responses to bleaching in an anemone model.
Resource quality determines the evolution of resistance and its genetic basis
Authors: Roberts Katherine E. , Meaden Sean , Sharpe Stephen , Kay Suzanne , Doyle Toby , Wilson Drew , Bartlett Lewis J. , Paterson Steve , Boots Mike 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParasites impose strong selection on their hosts, but the level of any evolved resistance may be constrained by the availability of resources. However, studies identifying the genomic basis of such resource‐mediated selection are rare, particularly in nonmodel organisms. Here, we investigated the role of nutrition in the evolution of resistance to a DNA virus (PiGV), and any associated trade‐offs in a lepidopteran pest species (Plodia interpunctella). Through selection experiments and whole‐genome resequencing, we identify genetic markers of resistance that vary between the nutritional environments during selection. We do not find consistent evolution of resistance in the presence of virus but rather see substantial variation among replicate populations. Resistance in a low‐nutrition environment is negatively correlated with growth rate, consistent with an established trade‐off between immunity and development, but this relationship is highly context dependent. Whole‐genome resequencing of the host shows that resistance mechanisms are likely to be highly polygenic and although the underlying genetic architecture may differ between high and low‐nutrition environments, similar mechanisms are commonly used. As a whole, our results emphasize the importance of the resource environment on influencing the evolution of resistance.
Effect of orthostasis on the regulation of skin blood flow in upper and lower extremities in human
Authors: Tikhonova Irina V. , Grinevich Andrey A. , Guseva Irina E. , Tankanag Arina V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe research is aimed to investigate interactions between cardiovascular signals and to assess contributions of central and local mechanisms to skin blood flow regulation in upper and lower extremities at rest and under orthostasis.MethodsHeart rate variability, respiration, forearm, and foot skin blood flow were assessed at rest and during postural test in 25 healthy volunteers. Spectral analysis was performed. Phase synchronization degree of analyzed signals was determined by group phase wavelet coherence function.ResultsSkin blood flow was lower on foot at rest and during postural test than on forearm. High‐frequency component of heart rate variability was higher at ~0.3 Hz during postural test versus rest. Blood flow oscillation amplitudes on the foot were lower in frequency range including respiratory interval at rest than on forearm. Postural exposure increased amplitude of foot blood flow oscillations in respiratory interval and decreased amplitudes in cardiac interval versus rest. Orthostasis increased group wavelet phase coherence between foot blood flow and heart rate variability or respiration, as well as between forearm and foot blood flow at 0.3 Hz corresponding to respiration.ConclusionsThe contribution of central mechanisms associated with respiration to blood flow regulation increased in lower extremities during orthostasis.
Vocalizations of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) and their influence on the soundscape of the western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Heimrich Annika F. , Halliday William D. , Frouin‐Mouy Héloïse , Pine Matthew K. , Juanes Francis , Insley Stephen J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe soundscape is a crucial habitat feature for marine mammals. This study investigates the contribution of bearded seal vocalizations to the soundscape in the western Canadian Arctic, and also the vocal characteristics of bearded seals relative to sea ice conditions. Passive acoustic data were recorded near Sachs Harbour between August 2015 and July 2016. Sound pressure levels (SPL) in the 50–1,000 Hz and 1–10 kHz bands increased as the total duration of all bearded seal vocalizations increased, and this relationship was moderated by sea ice concentration. Bearded seals in this region had an overlapping vocal repertoire with bearded seals in other areas of the Arctic, and had seven additional vocalizations that have not been previously documented for this region. This study is the first detailed assessment of the influence of bearded seal calls on SPL, which shows the high potential of bearded seals to influence underwater sound levels during the mating season. Bearded seals live in a changing Arctic seascape, and their influence on the soundscape may shift as sea ice continues to diminish. It is imperative that acoustic monitoring continues within the Arctic, and this study provides a baseline for future monitoring as the Arctic continues to change.