bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ottokraftstoffe aus erneuerbarem Methanol
Authors: Jung Constanze , Seifert Peter , Mehlhose Friedemann , Hahn Christoph , Schröder Daniel , Wolfersdorf Christian , Kureti Sven , Meyer Bernd 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZur Herstellung emissionsarmer synthetischer Ottokraftstoffe mit optimierter Qualität aus regenerativem Methanol erfolgten im Rahmen des Kopernikus‐Verbundvorhabens „Power‐to‐X” Katalysator‐ und Prozessoptimierungen. Hierzu wurden eine Laborversuchsanlage mit Festbettreaktor entsprechend der weiterentwickelten STF‐Technologie STF+ errichtet und Versuche mit verschiedenen Katalysatoren und Einsatzstoffen sowie einem breiten Spektrum an Prozessparametern durchgeführt. Die präzise einstellbaren isothermen Synthesebedingungen ermöglichen die gezielte Einstellung der chemischen Eigenschaften der erzeugten hochoktanigen Ottokraftstoffe.
Power‐to‐Fuels: E‐Fuels as an Important Option for a Climate‐Friendly Mobility of the Future
Authors: Ausfelder Florian , Wagemann Kurt 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Paris climate accord – in continuation of the original Kyoto agreement – and the German federal government's climate protection plan establish ambitious goals for overall CO2 reduction. In 2050, a reduction of 80–95 % in comparison to the reference year 1990 is aspired for. This essay tries to outline challenges and boundary conditions for using e‐fuels to directly substitute currently used fossil fuels in internal combustion engines and turbines.
PROTOCOL: A comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural interventions based on delivery features for elevated symptoms of depression in adolescents
Authors: Bjornstad Gretchen J. , Sonthalia Shreya , Rouse Benjamin , Timmons Luke , Whybra Laura , Axford Nick 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell review. The primary aim is to estimate the relative efficacy of different modes of CBT delivery compared with control conditions for reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents. The secondary aim is to compare the different modes of delivery with regards to intervention completion/attrition (used as a proxy for intervention acceptability). The review will provide relative effect estimates and ranking probabilities for each outcome based on intervention delivery.
Factors associated with biomedical research participation within community‐based samples across 3 National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers
Authors: Barrett Nadine J. , Rodriguez Elisa M. , Iachan Ronaldo , Hyslop Terry , Ingraham Kearston L. , Le Gem M. , Martin Kelly , Haring Rodney C. , Rivadeneira Natalie A. , Erwin Deborah O. , Fish Laura J. , Middleton Deirdre , Hiatt Robert A. , Patierno Steven R. , Sarkar Urmimala , Gage‐Bouchard Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundEngaging diverse populations in biomedical research, including biospecimen donation, remains a national challenge. This study examined factors associated with an invitation to participate in biomedical research, intent to participate in biomedical research in the future, and participation in biomedical research and biospecimen donation among a diverse, multilingual, community‐based sample across 3 distinct geographic areas.MethodsThree National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers engaged in community partnerships to develop and implement population health assessments, reaching a convenience sample of 4343 participants spanning their respective catchment areas. Data harmonization, multiple imputation, and multivariable logistic modeling were used.ResultsAfrican Americans, Hispanic/Latinos, and other racial minority groups were more likely to be offered opportunities to participate in biomedical research compared to whites. Access to care, history of cancer, educational level, survey language, nativity, and rural residence also influenced opportunity, intent, and actual participation in biomedical research.ConclusionsTraditionally underserved racial and ethnic groups reported heightened opportunity and interest in participating in biomedical research. Well‐established community partnerships and long‐standing community engagement around biomedical research led to a diverse sample being reached at each site and may in part explain the current study findings. However, this study illustrates an ongoing need to establish trust and diversify biomedical research participation through innovative and tailored approaches. National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers have the potential to increase opportunities for diverse participation in biomedical research through community partnerships and engagement. Additional work remains to identify and address system‐level and individual‐level barriers to participation in both clinical trials and biospecimen donation for research.
Dynamic load balancing for a mesh‐based scientific application
Authors: Zhai Keke , Banerjee Tania , Zwick David , Hackl Jason , Koneru Rahul , Ranka Sanjay 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCMT‐nek is a new scientific application for performing high fidelity predictive simulations of particle‐laden, explosively dispersed turbulent flows. CMT‐nek is compute‐intensive and targeted for deployment on exascale platforms. The moving particles are the primary source of load imbalance when the application is executed on parallel processors. In a demonstration problem, all the particles are initially in a closed container until a detonation occurs and the particles move apart. If all processors get an equal share of the fluid domain, then only some of the processors get sections of the domain that are initially laden with particles, leading to disparate loads on the processors. To eliminate load imbalance in different processors and to speed up the makespan, we present different load‐balancing algorithms for CMT‐nek on large‐scale multicore platforms. The load on a processor is determined using different techniques. The performance of the different load‐balancing algorithms is compared, and the associated overheads are analyzed. Evaluations of the application with and without load‐balancing are conducted, and these show that with load‐balancing, simulation time becomes faster by a factor of up to 9.97. The performance was further improved by a factor of up to 1.42 using machine‐learning–based algorithms.
A unified strategy for West African pearl millet hybrid and heterotic group development
Authors: Sattler Felix T. , Haussmann Bettina I. G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSmallholder farmers in Sahelian West Africa (WA) grow pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] as a staple cereal in harsh and highly variable environments, predominantly relying on landraces or open‐pollinated varieties (OPVs) with an average grain yield of 648 kg ha−1 (2017). Encouraging initial results with experimental pearl millet population or topcross hybrids and the available diversity in its WA center of origin offer a great opportunity for a regionally coordinated hybrid breeding approach. This review is therefore meant to summarize information on pearl millet hybrid breeding with emphasis on WA and to suggest a unified strategy as a way forward. Observed average better‐parent heterosis ranged from 4–18% and 0–88% in population and topcross hybrids, respectively, across several studies, and the yield stability was comparable with or better than the parental OPVs. Diversity and combining ability studies pointed at eastern and western WA as promising starting points for systematic development of heterotic groups. Building on respective groups, reciprocal recurrent selection in combination with integration of further adapted genetic resources is recommended to systematically diversify and build up the heterotic parental pools, increase combining ability to the opposite group, and create a continuous output of OPV and hybrid varieties. Molecular markers supporting cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) introgression are available, and genomic tools can improve hybrid prediction. Regarding the unpredictability and intensity of biotic and abiotic stresses, heterogeneous population and topcross hybrids appear most suitable to sustainably increase pearl millet yields and give maximal benefits to WA farmers.
Security enhancement with joint transmit antenna selection and transmit beamforming under energy harvesting constraints
Authors: Zhao Sai , Tian Maoxin , Li Quanzhong , Huang Gaofei , Tang Dong , Qin Jiayin 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper considers a multiuser multiple‐input single‐output (MISO) broadcasting system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), which consists of one information receiver (IR) and several energy harvesting receivers (ERs) which are capable of eavesdropping the legitimate signals. For reducing cost and hardware complexity, transmit antenna selection (TAS) is applied in the transmitter. We aim to maximize the achievable secrecy rate under the individual energy harvesting constraint at the ERs and the transmit power constraint at the transmitter by jointly optimizing TAS, transmit beamforming, and artificial noise (AN). The joint optimization problem is a non‐convex mixed integer programming problem. We apply variable replacements to decouple the variable couplings and relax and approach the binary constraint by the difference of two convex constraints. Afterwards, penalty method and constrained concave convex procedure (CCCP) are applied to transform the relaxed problem into a sequence of semi‐definiteness programming (SDP) problems. Simulation results shows that our proposed joint optimization scheme is superior over existing non‐joint optimization schemes. This paper studies the joint transmit antenna selection (TAS), transmit beamforming, and artificial noise (AN) optimization in a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MISO) wiretap system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The joint optimization problem is nonconvex and we propose a penalty method based scheme to solve it. The simulation results show that our joint optimization scheme is superior to other non‐joint optimization schemes.
Complicated curve association of body weight at diagnosis with C‐peptide in children and adults with new‐onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gong Siyuan , Wu Chao , Zhong Ting , Xie Yuting , Liu Fang , Li Juan , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) or BMI z‐score (BMIz) at diagnosis with β‐cell function in new‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients in children and adults.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study; 256 children (<18 years) and 245 adults (≥18 years) with less than 1‐year duration were recruited and followed for 4 years with an interval of 12 months. Smooth curve fitting, a two‐piecewise linear model, and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to investigate the influence of BMI/BMIz on C‐peptide levels.ResultsHeavier patients (BMIz ≥ −1 in children and BMI in adults ≥20.2 kg/m2) had greater C‐peptide with a complicated J curve in all age groups after adjustment for age of onset, sex, and disease duration. Moreover, after 4 years of follow‐up, patients with higher BMI/BMIz had a lower risk of β‐cell failure (HR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6‐1.0; P = .026). However, no association was found between baseline BMI/BMIz at diagnosis and C‐peptide rate of decline during 1 year follow‐up.ConclusionAssociation between BMI/BMIz and C‐peptide in T1D followed a complicated J curve pattern, and heavier patients had greater C‐peptide at diagnosis and a lower risk of β‐cell failure at 4 years, suggesting that baseline BMI is a useful predictor for β‐cell function in patients with T1D.
Plant sex influences aquatic–terrestrial interactions
Authors: LeRoy Carri J. , Ramstack Hobbs Joy M. , Claeson Shannon M. , Moffett Jordan , Garthwaite Iris , Criss Nichole , Walker Lauren 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA growing body of research shows that plant genetic factors can influence ecosystem processes and structure communities, but one aspect that has received little study is sex differentiation in dioecious plants. Since headwater streams are reliant on riparian leaf litterfall, plant sex differences in leaf traits may influence in‐stream processes. Sitka willow (Salix sitchensis) at Mount St. Helens is dioecious and heavily infested with the stem‐boring weevil (Cryptorhynchus lapathi), which causes branch dieback and summer litterfall. We found that female willow shrubs tend to grow closer to the stream bank, are more likely to be infected by the weevil, and have 42% higher litter C:N than male willows. These factors may lead to increased litter inputs and slower litter mass loss for female willows. The combination of colonization location, herbivore attack, altered litter quality, and slower mass loss results in female shrubs providing more sustained carbon and nutrient resources to microbes and invertebrates in the early successional streams at Mount St. Helens. In addition, since dioecy is a relatively common trait in riparian habitats, it is possible that plant sex plays a far more interesting role in structuring linked terrestrial–aquatic communities and ecosystem processes than previously understood.
Seasonal facilitative and competitive trade‐offs between shrub seedlings and coastal grasses
Authors: Sinclair Michael N. , Woods Natasha N. , Zinnert Julie C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractShrub expansion is occurring in grasslands globally and may be impacted by the balance of competition and facilitation with existing grasses. Along the mid‐Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the native shrub Morella cerifera (wax myrtle) is rapidly expanding and displacing other native coastal species. Recent research suggests that much of this expansion is due to warming winter temperatures, as temperatures below −15°C kill M. cerifera. The objective of this project was to understand the importance of species interactions with grasses on the growth and physiology of M. cerifera at the seedling life stage through both field and laboratory experiments. In the field, grasses were removed around seedlings and microclimate and shrub physiology and growth were measured. Seeds and seedlings were experimentally frozen to measure the freeze tolerance at both life stages. We found that grasses provided ~1.3°C insulation to shrubs during winter. A freezing threshold for M. cerifera seedlings was experimentally found between −6°C and −11°C, but seeds remained viable after being frozen to the coldest ecologically relevant temperatures. Seedlings competed for light with grasses during warm months and grew more where grasses were clipped, revealing a trade‐off between winter insulation and summer light competition. Morella cerifera exhibits ecosystem engineering at the seedling stage by significantly reducing summer maximum temperatures. When seedlings are very young (less than one year), grasses appear to improve germination and seedling survival. These phenomena enable rapid expansion of M. cerifera across the landscape and likely inform shrub expansion mechanisms in other systems. Although seedlings are small and relatively vulnerable, this life stage appears to have significant implications for ecosystem trajectory in grasslands undergoing shrub encroachment.
The impact of phenotype, ethnicity and genotype on progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Thakarakkattil Narayanan Nair Anand , Donnelly Louise A. , Dawed Adem Y. , Gan Sushrima , Anjana Ranjit M. , Viswanathan Mohan , Palmer Colin N. A. , Pearson Ewan R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo conduct a comprehensive review of studies of glycaemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes and identify the major factors influencing progression.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search with terms linked to type 2 diabetes progression. All the included studies were summarized based upon the factors associated with diabetes progression and how the diabetes progression was defined.ResultsOur search yielded 2785 articles; based on title, abstract and full‐text review, we included 61 studies in the review. We identified seven criteria for diabetes progression: ‘Initiation of insulin’, ‘Initiation of oral antidiabetic drug’, ‘treatment intensification’, ‘antidiabetic therapy failure’, ‘glycaemic deterioration’, ‘decline in beta‐cell function’ and ‘change in insulin dose’. The determinants of diabetes progression were grouped into phenotypic, ethnicity and genotypic factors. Younger age, poorer glycaemia and higher body mass index at diabetes diagnosis were the main phenotypic factors associated with rapid progression. The effect of genotypic factors on progression was assessed using polygenic risk scores (PRS); a PRS constructed from the genetic variants linked to insulin resistance was associated with rapid glycaemic deterioration. The evidence of impact of ethnicity on progression was inconclusive due to the small number of multi‐ethnic studies.ConclusionWe have identified the major determinants of diabetes progression—younger age, higher BMI, higher HbA1c and genetic insulin resistance. The impact of ethnicity is uncertain; there is a clear need for more large‐scale studies of diabetes progression in different ethnic groups.
Implementation of a Chloride‐selective Electrode Into a Closed Bipolar Electrode System with Fluorimetric Readout
Authors: Jaworska Ewa , Michalska Agata , Maksymiuk Krzysztof 
Published: January 2020

AbstractApplicability of a bipolar electrode system was tested for arrangements containing a typical ion‐selective electrode (ISE) connected with an electrode coated by a conducting polymer characterized by electroluminescence. In this case a selective response of the ISE membrane at one pole of the bipolar electrode is transduced to a fluorimetric signal obtained by reduction of the conducting polymer at the second pole. This signal transformation mode was studied on example of a simple closed bipolar electrode system composed of all‐solid‐state chloride‐selective electrode with polypyrrole transducer as the sensing pole and the reporting pole represented by electrode coated by poly(3‐octylthiophene) (POT) layer characterized by fluorescence in the neutral state. In this system selective and linear dependences of fluorimetric signal on logarithm of chloride ions concentration in turn‐on mode were recorded for optimized external voltage applied. Alternatively, a concept of cascade bipolar electrode system with incorporation of additional bipolar electrode being a polarization source for the sensing bipolar electrode with ISE and POT layer was also tested. A significant advantage of the cascade system is its possibility to work spontaneously without external polarization. For this case also linear calibration plots of fluorimetric signal vs. logarithm of analyte concentration were recorded.
Theoretical Analysis of a Surface Catalytic Mechanism Associated with Reversible Chemical Reaction Under Conditions of Cyclic Staircase Voltammetry
Authors: Petkovska Sofija , Gulaboski Rubin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we present theoretical results in cyclic staircase voltammetry of a surface catalytic mechanism that features reversible chemical step, the so‐called “surface catalytic ECrev’ mechanism”. We consider specific surface regenerative mechanism, in which both of the electro‐inactive substrates are present in large excess in electrochemical cell from the beginning of the experiment. The chemical reversibility brings at this mechanism more complexity in respect to the features of well‐elaborated surface catalytic EC’ mechanism coupled with chemically irreversible regenerative reaction. As we present plenty of simulated cyclic voltammograms, we also propose methods to get insight to kinetics and thermodynamics parameters relevant to chemical regenerative step. The elaboreted results can be important in analysing the kinetics and thermodynamics of many drug‐drug and drug‐DNA interactions, for example. In addition, with the results elaborated in this work we can access relevant information about the chemistry of important lipophilic enzymes studied in protein‐film voltammetry set up.
Nonsintered lightweight aggregates produced from waste sludge and its characteristics affected by additives
Authors: Cao Yun , Liu Rong , Han Yan , Xu Yifan , Yang Xihong , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to solve the disposal problem of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash sludge (MSWI‐BAS) and decrease the energy consumption and environmental pollution of lightweight aggregates (LWAs) prepared by traditional sintering methods, nonsintered LWA were produced with MSWI‐BAS. The effects of different curing time and additives on the performance of LWA were studied. Results showed that the LWA after 28 days of curing has the best physical properties: compressive strength 1.50 MPa, 1 hr water absorption 35%, and particle density 868 kg/m3. When the MSWI‐BAS content is 64%, the granules have the highest particle strength and particle density, reaching 2 MPa and 860 kg/m3, respectively. Ca2+ and SO42− disintegrated from CaSO4·2H2O interact with the skeleton of LWA to produce silica‐alumina gel materials, which are beneficial to strength. The sodium silicate mainly acts as a binder to promote the reaction of Ca2+ and Al3+ in the reaction system to produce C‐S‐H gels, which increase the density and strength. This innovative technology using MSWI‐BAS to produce high performance and nonsintered LWA is fully compliant with the requirements of clean production and sustainable development.
Resource management for meteorological service in cloud‐edge computing: A survey
Authors: Tang Hongsheng , Zhang Xing , Fu Shucun , Liu Xihua , Wu Qi , Qi Lianyong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ever‐increasing volume of data and the higher demand for real‐time services in the meteorological industry have made the relevant departments face some problems such as how to process data efficiently and deliver services instantly. Hence, by intervening in cloud computing and building meteorological cloud platform, the data are effectively managed and processed which means reliable services could be satisfied. However, a large amount of complex heterogeneous data generated by meteorological stations remote from the cloud center is sent to the cloud for processing to impose bandwidth pressure on the cloud. It will bring substantial access delays in case of frequent access. Meanwhile, the data in the public cloud will encounter security problems for the sensitivity. Therefore, appropriate assistive techniques such as edge computing are urgent to be chosen to solve the aforementioned problems. The collaborative work of edge computing and cloud makes meteorological data sent to the edge nodes for processing, which effectively cuts down the bandwidth pressure, reduces the transmission delay, and advances data security of the cloud. In this paper, we first describe the architecture, classification, and definition of meteorological services in the cloud. Then, the resource management of meteorological services in edge computing and cloud computing is summarized respectively. Furthermore, meteorological applications in cloud computing is introduced. Besides, we explore the future work of meteorological service provisioning in collaborative edge computing and cloud.