bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bolu ve Tokat İllerindeki Buğday Sap Atıklarının Enerji Potansiyel Değerlerinin Teorik Analizi
Authors: TAŞOVA Muhammed , NANELİ İsmail 
Published: March 2020

Biyogaz enerjisi, artan küresel enerji talebinin karşılanması için atılan adımlardan olumlu etkilenmektedir. Bu sebeple ülkemizin sahip olduğu organik madde potansiyelinin fazla olması bu atıkların enerjiye dönüştürülme çalışmalarını da hızlandırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Bolu ve Tokat illerinde bulunan buğday sap atıklarının biyokütle, biyogaz ve enerji potansiyel değerleri kıyaslanmıştır. Bolu ve Tokat illerine ait yaş atık ve kuru madde potansiyelleri sırasıyla, 2 827.03-6 187.41 ton ve 2 459.51-5 444.92 ton olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber, elde edilebilecek uçucu kuru madde potansiyelinin 1 345.76 - 5 383.04 ton ve metan potansiyelinin 614.88 - 2 459.519 CH4 kg olduğu belirlenmiştir. Enerji potansiyellerinin ise 22 135.61 - 48 447.39 MJ olarak bulunmuştur. Bolu ilin deki buğday sap atıklarından elde edilebilecek enerji potansiyelinin Tokat iline oranı ortalama % 45.69 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Improvement of Bioavailability of Sage and Mint by Ultrasonic Extraction
Authors: DOGAN Kubra , AKMAN Perihan Kubra , TÖRNÜK Fatih 
Published: March 2020

Plant extracts are complex mixtures obtained from fruites, leaves, flowers, woods, resins and seeds of a fresh or dried plant by various methods. Because of the disadvantages of conventional extraction methods such as ultrasound assisted systems have drawn higher attention in recent years.In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction(USE) conditions(temperature, time, ultrasonication power and solvent-solid ratio) were determined for the production of crude extracts from sage (Salvia officinalis) and mint (Mentha piperita). Bioavailability of the plant extracts were also compared to those obtained by classical hot-water extraction (HWE). USE parameters for the highest yield were 40 0C, 10 min, 400 W, as determined by preliminary experiements. Total peholic contents of the mint and sage samples increased by ultrasound assisted liquid extraction method at the levels of 23.88 % and 14.97 %, respectively. The bioavailability of total phenolic contents in classis and ultrasound extraction of mint (Mentha piperita) extract was 20.11 %, 32.45 % respectively. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that ultrasound assisted extraction was more effective method for extraction of bioactive substances from sage and mint with shorther extraction time, increased bioactivity and bioavailability.
Performances of Popcorn Hybrids in Three Geographical Regions of Turkey Based on Yield and Quality Traits
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ahmet , ERDAL Şekip , PAMUKCU Mehmet , ÖZATA Erkan , COŞKUNER Yalçın 
Published: March 2020

Popcorn is
different from other maize types with especially its popping ability. Popcorn
has special place in human nutrition by reason of the fact that nutrient
content.
Evaluation of popcorn experimental hybrids in different geographical regions
gives breeders valuable clues in selection best hybrids for the target
environments. In the present study, 44 experimental hybrids plus 5 commercial
checks total 49 popcorn crosses were tested in there different geographical regions
of Turkey. The research was carried out in Samsun (Northern Turkey), Cankiri
(Middle Anatolia) and Antalya (Mediterranean of Turkey) ecological conditions
in 2016; Also quality studies of this research was carried out in Karaman in
2017. The field experiments were conducted in a 7×7 lattice design using three
replications. Grain yield of the hybrids were determined in field experiments.
Furthermore; popping volume, unpopped kernels ratio and kernel size as quality
traits were examined. According to the results, almost ten hybrids have
performed above standards. On the other hand, overall (field and laboratory)
results of the study revealed that TBCM2015-41, 56, 62, 76 and TBCM2015-80
experimental hybrids were promising popcorn hybrids for the tested
environments. Prominent variety
candidates in the research will be tried to gain future agriculture of the
country.
Simulação de técnicas de infraestrutura verde de drenagem urbana para captação do escoamento superficial
Authors: Bezerra Maria do Carmo De Lima , Óliveira Aline Da Nóbrega , Costa Maria Elisa Leite , Koide Sergio 
Published: March 2020

falta de interação das áreas de urbanismo e infraestrutura urbana de drenagem resultam em alagamentos e/ou deslizamentos sejam decorrentes de ausência de infraestutura ou as vezes da adoção de técnicas tradicionais que levam ao desequilíbrio do ciclo da água nas cidades. O presente artigo visa simular a contribuição efetiva da infraesturutra verde, que se utiliza da lógica do metabolismo circular urbano, para minimização dos impactos de alagamentos urbanos. Foi estudada uma bacia de drenagem em Brasília, com considerável percentual de áreas verdes que, possui sistema convencional de drenagem e que conta com alagamentos recorrentes. A pergunta a ser respondida é como se apropriar das áreas verdes para explorar seu potencial de infiltração reduzindo os alagamentos? Como método se utilizou mapas de uso e ocupação do solo e programa CAD na seleção de áreas públicas da bacia com predominância de vegetação para inserção de trincheiras e jardins de chuva com posteriormente simulação dos processos hidráulicos e hidrológicos no modelo SWMM. Como resultado se obteve dados quantitativos para propor medidas de infraestrutura verde que significam a maximização da infiltração e um percentual menor de escoamento para ser resolvido por técnicas tradicionais significando maior equilibrio ecossitêmico e redução de impactos ambientais
Stomatopoda of Greece: an annotated checklist
Authors: Koulouri Panayota , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Bailly Nicolas , Dounas Costas 
Published: March 2020

The checklist of Stomatopoda of Greece was developed in the framework of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) project, coordinated by the Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC) of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR). The application of the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS) of this project has been used in order to develop a complete checklist of species recorded from the Greek Seas. The objectives of the present study were to update and cross-check all the stomatopod species that are known to occur in the Greek Seas. Inaccuracies and omissions were also investigated, according to literature and current taxonomic status.The up-to-date checklist of Stomatopoda of Greece comprises nine species, classified to eight genera and three families.
Routes maritimes et mouillages : les Western Approaches , Plymouth et Torbay
Authors: Duffy Michael , Jubelin Alexandre 
Published: March 2020

Cet article examine la manière dont l’Angleterre parvint à surmonter les dangers hydrographiques et climatiques, les difficultés de navigation et les menaces navales pesant sur le trafic maritime entrant dans la Manche par l’ouest ; et dont elle réussit à mettre en place des solutions pour réduire les risques propres à cette zone, ce qui permit de pérenniser la suprématie commerciale et maritime britannique tout au long des guerres franco-anglaises de 1689 à 1815.
L’estuaire de la Tamise et les eaux côtières du Kent
Authors: MacDougall Philip , Jubelin Alexandre 
Published: March 2020

Cet article traite de l’importance stratégique des eaux situées le long de la côte du Kent et dans l’estuaire de la Tamise (entendu dans son sens le plus large) à l’âge de la marine à voile, ainsi que l’importance qui leur était donnée par l’Amirauté britannique. On y examinera séparément des segments de la côte du Kent, en se concentrant sur les processus microclimatiques qui influent sur chaque zone maritime, en les rapprochant d’une description des différents reliefs sous-marins. On mettra aussi en avant les difficultés à naviguer le long de la côte du Kent, ainsi que la diminution de la profondeur de l’estuaire de la Tamise du fait de l’envasement, rendant ce dernier presque impraticable pour les grands navires de guerre dans les derniers temps de la marine à voile.
Dea, dia, da : un marqueur discursif en diachronie dans un corpus de dialogues en français
Authors: Parussa Gabriella 
Published: March 2020

Le but de cette contribution est d’étudier, d’un point de vue sémantique et pragmatique, le marqueur discursif dea et ses allomorphes dia , dya , da , depuis leur émergence à l’écrit au xiv e siècle jusqu’à leur disparition au début du xx e siècle. Les données offertes par la Bfm , Frantext , CoDiF , et par un dépouillement à la main, ont été étudiées dans le cadre théorique de la pragmatique historique et de la pragmaphilologie. Les résultats de cette analyse montrent que la pragmaticalisation de dea se fait en passant par les étapes de la subjectivisation et de l’intersubjectivisation, définies par les modèles courants qui décrivent ce processus. Parce que dea – qui n’est pas un simple filler – accomplit une véritable opération linguistique et un acte illocutoire, il est un élément de choix pour représenter certains aspects de la langue orale à l’écrit.
La marginalisation du marqueur discursif regarde/regardez de la fin du moyen français au début du français classique
Authors: Oppermann-Marsaux Evelyne 
Published: March 2020

Cet article propose une première tentative d’explication de la marginalisation du marqueur discursif regarde/regardez en français, que l’on observe à partir du xvi e siècle. Dans un premier temps, il met en évidence que ce marqueur est concurrencé dans ses emplois par d’autres formes telles que tiens/tenez et dis/dites-moi , qui peuvent ainsi se substituer à lui. Puis, l’étude s’intéresse à la polysémie du verbe regarder et, en particulier, au développement de son emploi dans la séquence (en/por) ce qui regarde signifiant ‹en ce qui concerne›. Alors que les marqueurs discursifs figurent dans le théâtre et le discours direct et peuvent, de ce fait, être étudiés dans le cadre de l’oral représenté, ce qui regarde apparaît surtout dans des traités et des essais. Sa progression à partir du xvii e siècle peut alors aussi contribuer à expliquer pourquoi cette période marque parallèlement le recul de l’emploi discursif de regarde/regardez .
Ce qui / Ce que : essai de description syntaxique et sémantique
Authors: Le Goffic Pierre 
Published: March 2020

L’article examine les différents emplois (non anaphoriques) de ce qui / ce que en français, à partir du constat que ce qui / ce que est, fondamentalement, une formule supplétive permettant de contourner les blocages et de combler les ‹trous› du paradigme qu -. Les emplois se répartissent en trois grands ensembles : (i) le type ce que Jean a fait , dans lesquels ce qui / ce que pallie les carences du pronom indéfini (et interrogatif) quoi / que (marqueur de variable ‹non Humain›) ; (ii) le type ce qu’il reste , dans lequel la variable ‹non Humain› se charge d’une valeur supplémentaire de ‹qualité/quantité› ; (iii) le type ce qu’il peut faire chaud , dans lequel ce que , en emploi adverbial, correspond à une variable de ‹quantité› (rôle que ne peut assurer l’adverbe que ). Ainsi, une variable ‹non Humain›, d’essence nominale, en arrive à être également une variable de ‹quantité›, d’essence adverbiale.
Chronically Critically Ill Patients: Health-Related Quality of Life and Resource Use After a Disease Management Intervention
Authors: Douglas Sara L. , Daly Barbara J. , Kelley Carol Genet , O’Toole Elizabeth , Montenegro Hugo 
Published: March 2020

Background Chronically critically ill patients often have high costs of care and poor outcomes and thus might benefit from a disease management program.
Objectives To evaluate how adding a disease management program to the usual care system affects outcomes after discharge from the hospital (mortality, health-related quality of life, resource use) in chronically critically ill patients.
Methods In a prospective experimental design, 335 intensive care patients who received more than 3 days of mechanical ventilation at a university medical center were recruited. For 8 weeks after discharge, advanced practice nurses provided an intervention that focused on case management and interdisciplinary communication to patients in the experimental group.
Results A total of 74.0% of the patients survived and completed the study. Significant predictors of death were age (P = .001), duration of mechanical ventilation (P = .001), and history of diabetes (P = .04). The disease management program did not have a significant impact on health-related quality of life; however, a greater percentage of patients in the experimental group than in the control group had “improved” physical health-related quality of life at the end of the intervention period (P = .02). The only significant effect of the intervention was a reduction in the number of days of hospital readmission and thus a reduction in charges associated with readmission.
Conclusion The intervention was not associated with significant changes in any outcomes other than duration of readmission, but the supportive care coordination program could be provided without increasing overall charges.
Capnometry and Air Insufflation for Assessing Initial Placement of Gastric Tubes
Authors: Elpern Ellen H. , Killeen Kathryn , Talla Erlinda , Perez Gabriel , Gurka David 
Published: March 2020

Background Nurses are often responsible for placement of large-bore gastric tubes. Tube misplacement into the lungs is a potential complication with serious sequelae. The reliability of common bedside methods for differentiating between pulmonary and gastric placement has not been acceptable.
Objective To compare the accuracy of capnometry (colorimetric indicator of end-tidal carbon dioxide) and air insufflation/auscultation with the accuracy of radiography in detecting the location of gastric tubes.
Methods A prospective convenience sample of insertions of Salem sump gastric tubes was studied. Tubes were inserted by nurses according to the unit’s standard procedure, and air insufflation/auscultation, capnometry, and radiography were used to detect the position of the tubes. Results obtained with each of the methods were compared.
Results A total of 91 tube placements were studied in 69 patients. No radiographically documented instances of lung placement occurred. Capnometry incorrectly indicated 15 of 91 gastric placements (16%) as placements in the lung. Air insufflation/auscultation incorrectly indicated 5 of 91 gastric placements (5%) as placements in the lung.
Conclusions Neither air insufflation nor capnometry is a fail-safe method for determining placement of gastric tubes. Radiography remains the preferred method.
An Efficiency Evaluation of Protocols for Tight Glycemic Control in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Malesker Mark A. , Foral Pamela A. , McPhillips Ann C. , Christensen Keith J. , Chang Julie A. , Hilleman Daniel E. 
Published: March 2020

Background The efficiency of protocols for tight glycemic control is uncertain despite their adoption in hospitals.
Objectives To evaluate the efficiency of protocols for tight glycemic control used in intensive care units.
Methods Three separate studies were performed: (1) a third-party observer used a stopwatch to do a time-motion analysis of patients being treated with a protocol for tight glycemic control in 3 intensive care units, (2) charts were retrospectively reviewed to determine the frequency of deviations from the protocol, and (3) a survey assessing satisfaction with and knowledge of the protocol was administered to full-time nurses.
Results Time-motion data were collected for 454 blood glucose determinations from 38 patients cared for by 47 nurses. Mean elapsed times from blood glucose result to therapeutic action were 2.24 (SD, 1.67) minutes for hypoglycemia and 10.65 (SD, 3.24) minutes for hyperglycemia. Mean elapsed time to initiate an insulin infusion was 32.56 (SD, 12.83) minutes. Chart review revealed 734 deviations from the protocol in 75 patients; 57% (n = 418) were deviations from scheduled times for blood glucose measurements. The mean number of deviations was approximately 9 per patient. Of 60 nurses who responded to the workload survey, 42 (70%) indicated that the protocol increased their workload; frequency of blood glucose determinations was the most common reason.
Conclusions Nurses spend substantial time administering protocols for tight glycemic control, and considerable numbers of deviations occur during that process. Further educational efforts and ongoing assessment of the impact of such protocols are needed.
Influence of Physical Restraint on Unplanned Extubation of Adult Intensive Care Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Chang Li-Yin , Wang Kai-Wei Katherine , Chao Yann-Fen 
Published: March 2020

Background Unplanned extubation commonly occurs in intensive care units. Various physical restraints have been used to prevent patients from removing their endotracheal tubes. However, physical restraint not only does not consistently prevent injury but also may be a safety hazard to patients.
Objectives To evaluate the effect of physical restraint on unplanned extubation in adult intensive care patients.
Methods A total of 100 patients with unplanned extubations and 200 age-, sex-, and diagnosis-matched controls with no record of unplanned extubation were included in this case-control study. The 300 participants were selected from a population of 1455 patients receiving mechanical ventilation during a 21-month period in an adult intensive care unit at a medical center in Taiwan. Data were collected by reviewing medical records and incident reports of unplanned extubation.
Results The incidence rate of unplanned extubation was 8.7%. Factors associated with increased risk for unplanned extubation included use of physical restraints (increased risk, 3.11 times), nosocomial infection (increased risk, 2.02 times), and a score of 9 or greater on the Glasgow Coma Scale on admission to the unit (increased risk, 1.98 times). Episodes of unplanned extubation also were associated with longer stays in the unit.
Conclusions An impaired level of consciousness on admission to the intensive care unit and the presence of nosocomial infection intensify the risk for unplanned extubation, even when physical restraints are used. To minimize the risk of unplanned extubation, nurses must establish better standards for using restraints.
STORIA DELLA LUCE: DAL SOLE AL LASER
Authors: Degiorgio Vittorio 
Published: March 2020

The new sources of light (laser and led) that have been invented and developed during the last fifty-sixty years have given origin to a true scientific and technological revolution. This article synthetically follows the main steps of the history of light, which started by studying the properties of solar emission, and introducing the concept of electromagnetic wave. At the end of the 19th century there was experimental evidence that it was necessary to complicate the approach by introducing the assumption that the electromagnetic energy is a discrete, and not continuous, quantity. The new concept led to design and realization of the laser and the led. Through the utilization of these sources fundamental progress was achieved in both science and technology, by deepening the description of wave-particle dualism and of the coherence concept, by putting on a completely new basis information and communication technology, and by giving new tools to industrial and biomedical sensing.
Proposal of optimal operation strategy applied to water distribution network with statistical approach
Authors: Silva Alex Takeo Yasumura Lima , Silva Fernando Das Graças Braga da , Silva André Carlos da , Reis José Antonio Tosta dos , Freitas Claudio Lindemberg de , Valério Victor Eduardo de Mello 
Published: March 2020

Inefficiency of sanitation companies’ operation procedures threatens the population’s future supplies. Thus, it is essential to increase water and energy efficiency in order to meet future demand. Optimization techniques are important tools for the analysis of complex problems, as in distribution networks for supply. Currently, genetic algorithms are recognized by their application in literature. In this regard, an optimization model of water distribution network is proposed, using genetic algorithms. The difference in this research is a methodology based on in-depth analysis of results, using statistics and the design of experimental tools and software. The proposed technique was applied to a theoretical network developed for the study. Preliminary simulations were accomplished using EPANET, representing the main causes of water and energy inefficiency in Brazilian sanitation companies. Some parameters were changed in applying this model, such as reservoir level, pipe diameter, pumping pressures, and valve-closing percentage. These values were established by the design of experimental techniques. As output, we obtained the equation of response surface, optimized, which resulted in values of established hydraulic parameters. From these data, the obtained parameters in computational optimization algorithms were applied, resulting in losses of 26.61%, improvement of 16.19 p.p. with regard to the network without optimization, establishing an operational strategy involving three pumps and a pressure-reducing valve. We conclude that the association of optimization and the planning of experimental techniques constitutes an encouraging method to deal with the complexity of water-distribution network optimization.
Soil total phosphorus and nitrogen explain vegetation community composition in a northern forest ecosystem near a phosphate massif
Authors: Matkala Laura , Salemaa Maija , Bäck Jaana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The relationship of the community composition of forest vegetation and soil
nutrients were studied near the Sokli phosphate ore deposit in northern Finland.
Simultaneously, the effects of the dominant species and the age of trees,
rock parent material and soil layer on these nutrients were examined. For
this purpose, 16 study plots were established at different distances from
the phosphate ore along four transects. Phosphate mining may take place in
Sokli in the future, and the vegetation surveys and soil sampling conducted
at the plots can be used as a baseline status for following the possible
changes that the mining may cause in the surrounding ecosystem. The total
phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) contents of the soil humus layer were
positively related with species number and abundance of the understorey
vegetation, and the correlation was slightly higher with P than N. This is
interesting, as N usually has the most important growth-limiting role in
boreal ecosystems. The spatial variation in the content of soil elements was
high both between and within plots, emphasizing the heterogeneity of the
soil. Dominant tree species and the soil layer were the most important
environmental variables affecting soil nutrient content. High contents of P
in the humus layer (maximum 2.60 g kg−1) were measured from the
birch-dominated plots. As the P contents of birch leaves and leaf litter
were also rather high (2.58 and 1.28 g kg−1,
respectively), this may imply that the leaf litter of birch forms an
important source of P for the soil. The possible mining effects, together
with climate change, can have an influence on the release of nutrients to
plants, which may lead to alterations in the vegetation community
composition in the study region.