bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel Node Biopsy Versus Low Axillary Sampling in Predicting Nodal Status of Postchemotherapy Axilla in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Parmar Vani , Nair Nita S. , Vanmali Vaibhav , Hawaldar Rohini W. , Siddique Shabina , Shet Tanuja , Desai Sangeeta , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Patil Asawari , Gupta Sudeep , Badwe Rajendra A. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE We tested low axillary sampling (LAS) and sentinel node biopsy (SNB) performed in the same patient to predict axillary nodal status post–neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in women undergoing elective breast surgery, clinically N0 after NACT. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 751 women clinically node negative post-NACT underwent LAS (excision of lymph node [LN] and fat below first intercostobrachial nerve). Of these women, 730 also underwent SNB by dual technique (methylene blue plus radioisotope). SNB (defined as targeted plus palpable LNs) and LAS specimens were distinctly examined for metastasis. All patients underwent completion axillary lymph node dissection. Post-NACT, 290 (38.6%) of 751 women had residual positive lymph nodes on pathology. RESULTS The median clinical tumor size was 5 cm (range, 1-15 cm), and 533 (71%) of patients were N1 or N2 at presentation. Targeted sentinel node (SN) identification was 85.7% (626 of 730; median, two LNs); SN with palpable nodes was found in 95.2% (695 of 730; median, five LNs); LAS node was identified in 98.5% (740 of 751; median, seven LNs). In all but one case, the SN was found within the LAS specimen. The false negative rate (FNR) of SNB (blue, hot, and adjacent palpable nodes) was 19.7% (47 of 238; one-sided 95% CI upper limit, 24.0), compared with an FNR of 9.9% for LAS (29 of 292; one-sided 95% CI upper limit, 12.8; P < .001). If SNB was confined to blue/hot node, excluding adjacent palpable nodes, the FNR was 31.6% (74 of 234; one-sided 95% CI upper limit, 36.6). The FNR could be brought down to < 8.8% if three or more LNs were identified by LAS. CONCLUSION LAS is superior to SNB in identification rate, FNR, and negative predictive value in predicting node-negative axilla post-NACT. LAS can be safely used to predict negative axilla with < 10% chance of leaving residual disease.
A node-based informed modularity strategy to identify organizational modules in anatomical networks
Authors: Esteve-Altava Borja 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe study of morphological modularity using anatomical networks is growing in recent years. A common strategy to find the best network partition uses community detection algorithms that optimize the modularity Q function. Because anatomical networks and their modules tend to be small, this strategy often produces two problems. One is that some algorithms find inexplicable different modules when one inputs slightly different networks. The other is that algorithms find asymmetric modules in otherwise symmetric networks. These problems have discouraged researchers to use anatomical network analysis and boost criticisms to this methodology. Here, I propose a node-based informed modularity strategy (NIMS) to identify modules in anatomical networks that bypass resolution and sensitivity limitations by using a bottom-up approach. Starting with the local modularity around every individual node, NIMS returns the modular organization of the network by merging non-redundant modules and assessing their intersection statistically using combinatorial theory. Instead of acting as a black box, NIMS allows researchers to make informed decisions about whether to merge non-redundant modules. NIMS returns network modules that are robust to minor variation and does not require optimization of a global modularity function. NIMS may prove useful to identify modules also in small ecological and social networks.
Perspectives on public health interventions in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand
Authors: Pan-ngum Wirichada , Poomchaichote Tassawan , Peerawaranun Pimnara , Kulpijit Natinee , Osterrieder Anne , Waithira Naomi , Mukaka Mavuto , Naemiratch Bhensri , Chanviriyavuth Rita , Asarath Supa-at , Ruangkajorn Supanat , Kannika Noppadon , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: October 2020

Background: Any government needs to react quickly to a pandemic and make decisions on healthcare interventions locally and internationally with little information regarding the perceptions of people and the reactions they may receive during the implementation of restrictions. Methods: We report an anonymous online survey in Thailand conducted in May 2020 to assess public perceptions of three interventions in the Thai context: isolation, quarantine and social distancing. A total of 1,020 participants, of whom 52% were women, responded to the survey. Results: Loss of income was the main concern among respondents (>80% for all provinces in Thailand). Traditional media and social media were important channels for communication during the pandemic. A total of 92% of respondents reported that they changed their social behaviour even before the implementation of government policy with 94% reporting they performed social distancing, 97% reported using personal protective equipment such as masks and 95% reported using sanitizer products. Conclusions: This study showed a high level of compliance from individuals with government enforced or voluntarily controls such as quarantine, isolation and social distancing in Thailand. The findings from this study can be used to inform future government measures to control the pandemic and to shape communication strategies.
Lossy mode resonance-based highly sensitive fiber optic refractive index sensor using the bilayer of FTO/HfO2 for operation in the visible region
Authors: Semwal Vivek , Gupta Banshi D. 
Published: October 2020

A lossy mode resonance (LMR) based fiber optic refractive index (RI) sensor utilizing a layer of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) over the unclad core of the fiber is theoretically analyzed. To enhance its sensitivity, the thickness of the FTO layer is optimized. For further sensitivity enhancement, an over-layer of two different materials,

T
i
O

2

and

H
f

O

2

, is used. The sensitivity of

F
T
O

/

T
i
O

2

and

F
T
O

/

H
f
O

2

bilayer based LMR sensors increases with the increase in the thickness of the over-layer for a fixed thickness of the bilayer. Further, the sensitivity of the sensor utilizing the

F
T
O

/

H
f
O

2

bilayer is found to be more than the sensitivity of the

F
T
O

/

T
i
O

2

bilayer sensor. To keep the operating spectral range of the sensor in the visible region, the total thickness of the bilayer is adjusted. It is found that a total bilayer thickness of 30 nm with 90% thickness of

H
f
O

2

gives the maximum sensitivity of 4400 nm/RIU for 1.33 RI of the sensing medium, which is more than three times the sensitivity of the FTO coated LMR sensor. The sensitivity of the proposed LMR sensor utilizing the

F
T
O

/

H
f
O

2

bilayer is compared with the other LMR sensors reported in the literature, and it is found that the proposed sensor possesses the highest sensitivity. The other advantage of the proposed sensor is that it works in the visible region, which reduces the cost of the sensor.
Dual-tool multiplexing model of parallel computer controlled optical surfacing
Authors: Ke Xiaolong , Wang Tianyi , Choi Heejoo , Pullen Weslin , Huang Lei , Idir Mourad , Kim Dae Wook 
Published: October 2020

Fabrication of large optics is a time-consuming process and requires a vast investment in manpower and financial resources. Increasing the material removal rate of polishing tools and minimizing dwell time are two common ways of reducing the processing time. Indeed, the polishing efficiency can be further improved if multiple tools are used at the same time. In this Letter, we propose a dual-tool deterministic polishing model, which multiplexes the dwell time and optimizes the run parameters of two polishing tools simultaneously. The run velocities of the two tools are coordinated by boundary conditions with a velocity adjustment algorithm, and the corresponding polishing paths are studied. We demonstrate this model with a simulation of polishing one segment of the Giant Magellan Telescope, where, with the proposed dual-tool multiplexing, the processing time of an ø8.4 m mirror has been reduced by 50.54% compared with that using two tools in a sequential schedule.
pH-sensitive GaInAsP photonic crystal fractal band-edge laser
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Sakata Akihiro , Saijo Yoshito , Baba Toshihiko 
Published: October 2020

The light emission characteristics of GaInAsP semiconductors in aqueous solutions are modified by the surface charge, depending on the balance between radiative and nonradiative recombination. This Letter demonstrates the application of a GaInAsP photonic crystal band-edge laser in sensing a solution pH, which reflects the surface charge. The sensitivity is enhanced by a hybrid of fractal honeycomb and close-packed structures with a large surface-to-volume ratio and a high quality factor (

Q

), which allows a low threshold carrier density. We experimentally obtained a maximum pH sensitivity of 1.9 dB/pH near the threshold and a signal-to-noise ratio of 52/pH (pH resolution of 0.019) at a pump power 2.4 times the threshold where the intensity noise diminished.
La herencia cultural latinoamericana como poética docente
Authors: Marcipar Matías 
Published: October 2020

Las prácticas docentes están sostenidas en poéticas, cuales narraciones, dan sentido a la enseñanza y proveen criterios para la selección de contenidos. La MPL (Música Popular Latinoamericana) tiene su presencia en los textos curriculares, pero su devenir curricular depende en gran medida de quienes estén movilizados por una poética de lo latinoamericano en la educación. A su vez, el concepto mismo de una poética docente que busque dar vida a la herencia cultural latinoamericana presenta un enorme margen de ambigüedad. Desde el contexto concreto y experiencia de la secundaria especializada en música popular en vivo CREI, el artículo intenta problematizar el asunto en sus distintas aristas, proponiendo un breve repaso histórico por roles institucionales y posicionamientos político-educativos en relación a la cultura.
Layanan Sosial Berbasis Kolaborasi Komunitas di Panti Asuhan Yatim Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Authors: Hendrayani Moralely 
Published: October 2020

This article describes a social service based on a building of community collaboration. This research uses a qualitative method that the data collected by interview, documentation, and observation process in the Muhammadiyah orphanage of Yogyakarta. The study finds a new way of social services management processes based on an orphanage. The effectiveness of the social service program has been conducted by a standard procedure of operational for social workers. It is a process to build trust between clients and institutions. A trusting of the client can be a priority to social worker practice. It was implemented by social workers to avoid mall practice. The practical in this study rises that it needs a trusting with the client based on the principle of assessment. For instance, social service needs to create a client community and establish a collaboration with other stakeholders. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan layanan sosial berbasis pembentukan kolaborasi komunitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui proses wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi di Panti Asuhan Yatim Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Studi ini menemukan cara baru dalam proses manajemen pelayanan sosial berbasis panti. Efektifitas program layanan sosial dilakukan dengan menetapkan standar operasional bagi tenaga kesejahteraan sosial. Hal ini sebagai proses membangun kepercayaan antara lembaga dengan klien. Kepercayaan klien menjadi prioritas dalam praktik pekerjaan sosial. Konteks ini untuk menghindari kesalahan dalam praktik kerja para pekerja sosial. Praktik yang muncul dalam studi ini bagaimana pekerja sosial membangun kepercayaan dengan klien melalui asas penilaian kebutuhan. Untuk itu, pelayanan sosial berbasis panti perlu membentuk komunitas klien dan membangun kolaborasi dengan semua stakeholder terkait.
Isotopic insights into the jar-and-coffin mortuary ritual of the Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia
Authors: Shewan Louise , Armstrong Richard , O’Reilly Dougald , Halcrow Siân , Beavan Nancy , Sokha Tep 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of coffins and jars as funerary receptacles was common across Southeast Asia. During the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries AD, cremation was the dominant mortuary tradition on the Angkorian plains, but in the Cardamom Mountains to the south, contemporaneous groups practised a unique burial tradition involving the deposition of un-cremated bone in exposed ceramic vessels and log coffins. The authors present the first geochemical analysis of individuals from this highland culture, specifically the site of Phnom Pel. The childhood diets of those interred in jars and coffins may have been sourced from different areas within the Cardamom Mountains, suggesting that the individuals came from discrete groups.
Retrospective Valuation of Experienced Outcome Encoded in Distinct Reward Representations in the Anterior Insula and Amygdala
Authors: Vestergaard Martin D. , Schultz Wolfram 
Published: October 2020

Our ability to evaluate an experience retrospectively is important because it allows us to summarize its total value, and this summary value can then later be used as a guide in deciding whether the experience merits repeating, or whether instead it should rather be avoided. However, when an experience unfolds over time, humans tend to assign disproportionate weight to the later part of the experience, and this can lead to poor choice in repeating, or avoiding experience. Using model-based computational analyses of fMRI recordings in 27 male volunteers, we show that the human brain encodes the summary value of an extended sequence of outcomes in two distinct reward representations. We find that the overall experienced value is encoded accurately in the amygdala, but its merit is excessively marked down by disincentive anterior insula activity if the sequence of experienced outcomes declines temporarily. Moreover, the statistical strength of this neural code can separate efficient decision-makers from suboptimal decision-makers. Optimal decision-makers encode overall value more strongly, and suboptimal decision-makers encode the disincentive markdown (DM) more strongly. The separate neural implementation of the two distinct reward representations confirms that suboptimal choice for temporally extended outcomes can be the result of robust neural representation of a displeasing aspect of the experience such as temporary decline.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOne of the numerous foibles that prompt us to make poor decisions is known as the “Banker's fallacy,” the tendency to focus on short-term growth at the expense of long-term value. This effect leads to unwarranted preference for happy endings. Here, we show that the anterior insula in the human brain marks down the overall value of an experience as it unfolds over time if the experience entails a sequence of predominantly negative temporal contrasts. By contrast, the amygdala encodes overall value accurately. These results provide neural indices for the dichotomy of decision utility and experienced utility popularized asThinking fast and slowby Daniel Kahneman.
Phosphodiesterase 2A and 3B variants are associated with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Rassi-Cruz Marcela , Maria Andrea G , Faucz Fabio R , London Edra , Vilela Leticia A P , Santana Lucas S , Benedetti Anna Flavia F , Goldbaum Tatiana S , Tanno Fabio Y , Srougi Vitor , Chambo Jose L , Pereira Maria Adelaide A , Cavalcante Aline C B S , Carnevale Francisco C , Pilan Bruna , Bortolotto Luiz A , F Drager Luciano , Lerario Antonio M , Latronico Ana Claudia , Fragoso Maria Candida B V , Mendonca Berenice B , Zerbini Maria Claudia N , Stratakis Constantine A , Almeida Madson Q 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Familial primary aldosteronism (PA) is rare and mostly diagnosed in early-onset hypertension (HT). However, ‘sporadic’ bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) is the most frequent cause of PA and remains without genetic etiology in most cases. Our aim was to investigate new genetic defects associated with BAH and PA. We performed whole-exome sequencing (paired blood and adrenal tissue) in six patients with PA caused by BAH that underwent unilateral adrenalectomy. Additionally, we conducted functional studies in adrenal hyperplastic tissue and transfected cells to confirm the pathogenicity of the identified genetic variants. Rare germline variants in phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) and 3B (PDE3B) genes were identified in three patients. The PDE2A heterozygous variant (p.Ile629Val) was identified in a patient with BAH and early-onset HT at 13 years of age. Two PDE3B heterozygous variants (p.Arg217Gln and p.Gly392Val) were identified in patients with BAH and HT diagnosed at 18 and 33 years of age, respectively. A strong PDE2A staining was found in all cases of BAH in zona glomerulosa and/or micronodules (that were also positive for CYP11B2). PKA activity in frozen tissue was significantly higher in BAH from patients harboring PDE2A and PDE3B variants. PDE2A and PDE3B variants significantly reduced protein expression in mutant transfected cells compared to WT. Interestingly, PDE2A and PDE3B variants increased SGK1 and SCNN1G/ENaCg at mRNA or protein levels. In conclusion, PDE2A and PDE3B variants were associated with PA caused by BAH. These novel genetic findings expand the spectrum of genetic etiologies of PA.
Facilitating Memory-Based Lie Detection in Immediate and Delayed Interviewing: The Role of Sketch Mnemonic
Authors: Izotovas Aleksandras , Vrij Aldert , Strömwall Leif A. , Mann Samantha 
Published: October 2020

Memory enhancing techniques, or mnemonics, are typically recommended in evidence-based investigative interviewing guidelines. In the current study, the use of a sketch mnemonic and its effect on the responses of truth tellers and liars was examined. Participants (n = 49) watched a mock intelligence operation video. They were instructed to tell the truth or lie about this operation in an interview immediately afterwards, and again after a two-week delay. In both interviews participants were requested to make a sketch of the place of the mock operation, and then to verbally describe the drawing. Results revealed that truth tellers reported more visual, spatial, temporal, and action details than liars in the immediate interview. Truth tellers also reported more spatial, temporal and action details than liars in the delayed interview. Truth tellers experienced a decline in reporting action details after the delay, whereas liars did not show a decline in reporting any details over time. Thus, truth-tellers showed patterns of reporting indicative of genuine memory decay, whereas liars produced patterns reflecting a ‘stability bias’. Between-statement consistency was not different across veracity conditions.
Infant Mortality in Rural and Nonrural Counties in the United States
Authors: Ehrenthal Deborah B. , Kuo Hsiang-Hui Daphne , Kirby Russell S. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Rural counties have the highest infant mortality rates across the United States when compared with rates in more urban counties. We use a social-ecological framework to explain infant mortality disparities across the rural-urban continuum.

METHODS:
We created a cohort of all births in the United States linked to infant death records for 2014 to 2016. Records were linked to county-level data from the Area Health Resources File and the American Community Survey and classified using the National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification Scheme. Using multilevel generalized linear models, we investigated the association of infant mortality with county urban-rural classification, considering county health system resources and measures of socioeconomic advantage, net of individual-level characteristics, and controlling for US region and county centroid.

RESULTS:
Infant mortality rates were highest in noncore (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–1.39) and micropolitan counties (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.20–1.32) when compared with large metropolitan fringe counties, controlling for geospatial measures. Inclusion of county health system characteristics did little to attenuate the greater odds of infant mortality in rural counties. Instead, a composite measure of county-level socioeconomic advantage was highly protective (adjusted OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.82–0.86) and eliminated any difference between the micropolitan and noncore counties and the large metropolitan fringe counties.

CONCLUSIONS:
Higher infant mortality rates in rural counties are best explained by their greater socioeconomic disadvantage than more-limited access to health care or the greater prevalence of mothers’ individual health risks.
Hepatite B na Amazônia ocidental brasileira: conhecimento e medidas de biossegurança entre profissionais de enfermagem
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Siqueira de , Soares Amanda Cruz , Andrade Ítala Maria Araújo , Cameli Helen Fernanda Rogério , Silva Viviane Taís Ponci 
Published: October 2020

Justificativa e objetivos: A biossegurança é de extrema importância para os profissionais de
enfermagem, principalmente em áreas de elevado padrão endêmico para agravos como a
infecção por vírus da hepatite B. Nesse sentido, o estudo teve como objetivo descrever aspectos
relacionados às medidas de biossegurança e à infecção por vírus da hepatite B entre
profissionais de enfermagem na Amazônia ocidental brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal,
descritivo, realizado com profissionais de enfermagem atuantes no centro obstétrico de um
hospital materno infantil. Resultados: 30 profissionais participaram da pesquisa, sendo 33,3%
enfermeiros e 66,7% técnicos de enfermagem. A maioria foi do sexo feminino (70%) com
média de idade de 40,9 anos. Para toda a amostra, 86,7% dos profissionais declararam esquema
vacinal completo contra a hepatite B. Entre os técnicos de enfermagem, 15% declararam não
ter realizado o anti-HBs. Quanto ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, 60% dos
profissionais declararam uso esporádico. Para 80% dos enfermeiros e 60% dos técnicos de
enfermagem, não houve oferta de treinamento em biossegurança. Sobre acidentes, 70% dos
enfermeiros e 35% dos técnicos de enfermagem declararam ter sofrido algum tipo de exposição.
Entre os enfermeiros, 85,7% afirmaram não ter notificado o evento. Entre os que sofreram
acidente, 42,9% o relacionaram à carga horária excessiva. Conclusão: Os profissionais de
enfermagem reconhecem a hepatite B como uma condição de alta incidência na região
amazônica, o que exige medidas mais rígidas de biossegurança devido aos riscos. No entanto,
apesar dos grupos investigados, em sua maioria, declararem um esquema completo de
vacinação para a doença, foi observado relatos de falta de treinamento, uso esporádico de
equipamentos de proteção individual, limitações nos testes de imunização (anti-HBs) e
subnotificação de acidentes com risco biológico.