bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthognatic Quality of Life: What Are We Measuring?
Authors: Vidakovic Renata , Zigante Martina , Perkovic Vjera , Zibar Belasic Tihana , Uhac Mia , Spalj Stjepan 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To assess properties of Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire in Croatian cultural context by analyzing: how dentofacial deformity influences quality of life (QoL), what aspects of QoL are patients’ primary motives to undergo orthognathic surgery, what changes after surgery and how personality traits influence QoL.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 472 subjects (65% females) aged 12 to 45 years (median 20) were included. Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire, Oral Health Impact Profile, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire, Orofacial Aesthetics Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Big Five Inventory were used. The subjects’ dentofacial deformity and malocclusion severity was assessed by Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need, and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need.

Results:
Social aspect is mostly influenced by dentofacial deformity (P < 0.05). Impaired oral function was the primary motive to undergo orthognathic surgery (P < 0.001). Social aspect and aesthetic concern mostly decreased after the surgery (P < 0.001). Self-esteem was the strongest predictor of the orthognathic QoL, the increase of self-esteem decreases the QoL impairment. Neuroticism and extraversion were in the background of problems in social interactions and facial aesthetic concerns, while perfectionism affected social contacts (r = 0.284–0.410; P < 0.001). Only awareness of deformity did not correlate to any of the other instruments.

Conclusion:
Impaired oral function seems to be the most powerful motive for orthognathic surgery, but social aspects and facial aesthetic concern are more accurate indicators of conditions and changes. Self-esteem is the strongest personality trait influencing orthognathic QoL.
Surgical Planning for Cleft Lip and/or Palate-Induced Moderate-to-Severe Midfacial Hypoplasia
Authors: Zhai Junya , Lv Yang , Zheng Yilue , Wang Binqing , Tong Haizhou , Yin Ningbei , Song Tao 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Distraction osteogenesis and conventional bimaxillary orthognathic surgery have been performed for the treatment of midfacial hypoplasia for a long time. However, the effect of these 2 techniques on the maxilla, mandible, and whole-facial profile is significantly different. In this study, we aimed to measure the pre- to post-treatment changes in maxillary prominence, mandible size, and facial length and compare them between these 2 techniques to inform selection of the best technique.

Methods:
This single-center, retrospective study included 35 patients with a cleft lip and/or palate-induced midfacial hypoplasia; 25 were treated using rigid external distraction osteogenesis and 10 using bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Three-dimensional measures of changes in facial structure were obtained from reconstructed computed tomography images and used to compare the effects of the 2 techniques.

Results:
Satisfactory appearance and occlusion were achieved in all patients. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the craniofacial skeleton revealed significant maxillary advancement (P < 0.001), mandibular (clockwise) rotation (P < 0.001), and increased facial length (P < 0.001) after rigid external distraction osteogenesis and obvious shortening of the mandibular body (P < 0.001) after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.

Conclusion:
Distraction osteogenesis can be selected as the first choice of treatment for cleft lip and/or palate-induced midfacial hypoplasia. A mandibular setback procedure can be performed as a second-stage surgery when severe temporomandibular joint complications develop with distraction osteogenesis. Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery results in an obvious shortening of the mandibular body, which is not a natural change in facial morphology.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic III
Clinical and intestinal histopathological findings in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 patients with hematochezia
Authors: Cho Margaret , Liu Weiguo , Balzora Sophie , Suarez Yvelisse , Hoskoppal Deepthi , Theise Neil , Cao Wenqing , Sarkar Suparna A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of SARS-CoV2/COVID-19 in the form of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are usually preceeded by respiratory manifestations and are associated with a poor prognosis. Hematochezia is an uncommon clinical presentation of COVID-19 disease and we hypothesize that older patients with significant comorbidites (obesity and cardiovascular) and prolonged hospitalization are suspectible to ischemic injury to the bowel.We reviewed the clinical course, key laboratory data including acute phase reactants, drug/medication history in two elderly male patients admitted for COVID-19 respiratory failure. Both patients had a complicated clinical course and suffered from hematochezia and acute blood loss anemia requiring blood transfusion around day 40 of their hospitalization. Colonoscopic impressions were correlated with the histopathological findings in the colonic biopies and changes compatible with ischemia to nonspecific acute inflammation, edema and increased eosinophils in the lamina propria were noted. Both patients were on anticoagulants, multiple antibiotics and antifungal agents due to respiratory infections at the time of lower GI bleeding. Hematochezia resolved spontaneously with supportive care. Both patients eventually recovered and were discharged.Elderly patients with significant comorbid conditions are uniquely at risk for ischemic injury to the bowel. Hypoxic conditions due to COVID-19 pneumonia and respiratory failure, compounded by preexisting cardiovascular complications, and/or cytokine storm orchestrated by the viral infection leading to alteration in coagulation profile and/or drug/medication injury can be difficult to distinguish in these critically ill patients. Presentation of hematochezia may further increase the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19 patients, and prompt consultation and management by gastroenterology is therefore warranted.
Safety and cardiovascular effects of multiple-dose administration of aripiprazole and olanzapine in a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Koller Dora , Almenara Susana , Mejía Gina , Saiz-Rodríguez Miriam , Zubiaur Pablo , Román Manuel , Ochoa Dolores , Wojnicz Aneta , Martín Samuel , Romero-Palacián Daniel , Navares-Gómez Marcos , Abad-Santos Francisco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess adverse events and safety of aripiprazole and olanzapine treatment.MethodsTwenty-four healthy volunteers receiving 5 daily oral doses of 10 mg aripiprazole and 5 mg olanzapine in a crossover clinical trial were genotyped for 46 polymorphisms in 14 genes by qPCR. Drug plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Blood pressure and 12-lead ECG were measured in supine position. Adverse events were also recorded.ResultsAripiprazole decreased diastolic blood pressure on the first day and decreased QTc on the third and fifth day. Olanzapine had a systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and QTc lowering effect on the first day. Polymorphisms in ADRA2A, COMT, DRD3 and HTR2A genes were significantly associated to these changes. The most frequent adverse drug reactions to aripiprazole were somnolence, headache, insomnia, dizziness, restlessness, palpitations, akathisia and nausea while were somnolence, dizziness, asthenia, constipation, dry mouth, headache and nausea to olanzapine. Additionally, HTR2A, HTR2C, DRD2, DRD3, OPRM1, UGT1A1 and CYP1A2 polymorphisms had a role in the development of adverse drug reactions.ConclusionsOlanzapine induced more cardiovascular changes; however, more adverse drug reactions were registered to aripiprazole. In addition, some polymorphisms may explain the difference in the incidence of these effects among subjects.
How to handle the deceased body of COVID-19: an insight from Indonesian muslim burial handlers’ knowledge, perception, and practice
Authors: Purnama Tri Bayu , Khodijah Siti , Sadri Idris 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKIntroductionHandling the remained body affected by COVID-19 in Indonesia is still an issue as it is done by community.AimThis study aims to explore the handler’s knowledge, perception, and practice in handling the remains.MethodThis study elaborates qualitative design in exploring the handler’s knowledge, perception, and practice in handling the remains dealing with universal precaution during the handling of the deceased body of COVID-19. The data is obtained through in-depth interview with guides.ResultThe majority of participants were acknowledged that the universal precaution is a precautionary conduct which remains general and nontechnical. Technicality on the universal precaution such as personal protective equipment and safety standards for infectious substance on the dead body are still incomprehensive. The perception of each handler of the body is still obscure. It was showed by cautious/apprehensive sense predominated the handlers in handling the dead body.ConclusionImproving the knowledge and strengthening the network of the handlers among the community play an important role in interrupting the chain of transmission of COVID-19 in the community.
Aerosol Generation from Different Wind Instruments
Authors: He Ruichen , Gao Linyue , Trifonov Maximilian , Hong Jiarong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe potential airborne transmission of COVID-19 has raised significant concerns regarding the safety of musical activities involving wind instruments. However, currently, there is a lack of systematic study and quantitative information of the aerosol generation during these instruments, which is crucial for offering risk assessment and the corresponding mitigation strategies for the reopening of these activities. Collaborating with 15 musicians from the Minnesota Orchestra, we conduct a systematic study of the aerosol generation from a large variety of wind instruments under different music dynamic levels and articulation patterns. We find that the aerosol concentration from different brass and woodwinds exhibits two orders of magnitude variation. Accordingly, we categorize the instruments into low (tuba), intermediate (bassoon, piccolo, flute, bass clarinet, French horn, and clarinet) and high risk (trumpet, bass trombone, and oboe) levels based on a comparison of their aerosol generation with those from normal breathing and speaking. In addition, we observe that the aerosol generation can be affected by the changing dynamic level, articulation pattern, the normal respiratory behaviors of individuals, and even the usage of some special techniques during the instrument play. However, such effects vary substantially for different types of instrument, depending on specific breathing techniques as well as the tube structure and inlet design of the instrument. Overall, our findings can bring insights into the risk assessment of airborne decrease transmission and the corresponding mitigation strategies for various musical activities involving wind instrument plays, including orchestras, community and worship bands, music classes, etc.
Predicted Cellular Immunity Population Coverage Gaps for SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccines and their Augmentation by Compact Peptide Sets
Authors: Liu Ge , Carter Brandon , Gifford David K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSubunit vaccines induce immunity to a pathogen by presenting a component of the pathogen and thus inherently limit the representation of pathogen peptides for cellular immunity based memory. We find that SARS-CoV-2 subunit peptides may not be robustly displayed by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules in certain individuals. We introduce an augmentation strategy for subunit vaccines that adds a small number of SARS-CoV-2 peptides to a vaccine to improve the population coverage of pathogen peptide display. Our population coverage estimates integrate clinical data on peptide immunogenicity in convalescent COVID-19 patients and machine learning predictions. We evaluate the population coverage of 9 different subunits of SARS-CoV-2, including 5 functional domains and 4 full proteins, and augment each of them to fill a predicted coverage gap.
A Long-Lasting Sanitizing Skin Protectant based on CAGE, a Choline and Geranic Acid Eutectic
Authors: Shevachman Marina , Mandal Abhirup , Mitragotri Samir , Joshi Nitin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe recent outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and a massive public health crisis. COVID-19 has also had a severe impact on the quality of life and mental health. While different health authorities such as WHO and CDC are encouraging adoption of strategies including hand washing and use of facemasks to reduce the spread of the pathogens and infections, adoption of these approaches requires substantial commitment. Current hand sanitizers based on ethanol provide immediate protection, however, the protection rendered by such sanitizers is very short-lived due to their rapid evaporation. A long-lasting sanitizing skin protectant that can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and provide persistent efficacy over several hours will provide people the freedom to carry on with their activities without constant concerns about the cleanliness of their hands. Herein, we describe a novel skin sanitizer, IonLAST™, based on an ionic liquid/deep eutectic solvent, formed by GRAS materials, choline and geranic acid (CAGE, CG-101), that provides protection for at least 4h after a single application. IonLAST™ was formulated as a gel that facilitates easy application on the skin. Tolerance of CG-101 was substantiated through a study in human volunteers. In vitro studies confirmed that IonLAST™ effectively inactivates a human coronavirus hCoV229E. A second human clinical study established that a single application of IonLAST™ imparts protection against microbes that lasts up to several hours.
High-throughput siRNA screening reveals functional interactions and redundancies of human processive exoribonucleases
Authors: Hojka-Osinska Anna , Chlebowski Aleksander , Owczarek Ewelina P. , Afek Kamila , Kłosowska Kamila , Szczesny Roman J. , Dziembowski Andrzej 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTProcessive exoribonucleases, the executors of RNA decay, participate in multiple physical and functional interactions. Unlike physical ones, functional relationships have not been investigated in human cells. Here we have screened cells deficient in DIS3, XRN2, EXOSC10, DIS3L, and DIS3L2 with a custom siRNA library and determined their functional interactions with diverse pathways of RNA metabolism. We uncover a complex network of positive interactions that buffer alterations in RNA degradation. We reveal important reciprocal actions between RNA decay and transcription and explore alleviating interactions between RNA splicing and DIS3 mediated degradation. We also use a large scale library of genes associated with RNA metabolism to determine genetic interactions of nuclear DIS3 and cytoplasmic DIS3L, revealing their unique functions in RNA degradation and uncovering cooperation between the cytoplasmic degradation and nuclear processing of RNA. Finally, genome-wide siRNA screening of DIS3 reveals processes such as microtubule organization and regulation of telomerase activity that are also functionally associated with nuclear exosome-mediated RNA degradation.
Functional drug susceptibility testing based on biophysical measurements predicts patient outcome in glioblastoma patient-derived neurosphere models
Authors: Stockslager Max A. , Malinowski Seth , Touat Mehdi , Yoon Jennifer C. , Geduldig Jack , Mirza Mahnoor , Kim Annette S. , Wen Patrick Y. , Chow Kin-Hoe , Ligon Keith L. , Manalis Scott R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFunctional precision medicine aims to match each cancer patient to the most effective treatment by performingex vivodrug susceptibility testing on the patient’s tumor cells. Despite promising feasibility studies, functional drug susceptibility testing is not yet used in clinical oncology practice to make treatment decisions. Often, functional testing approaches have measuredex vivodrug response using metabolic assays such as CellTiter-Glo, which measures ATP as a proxy for numbers of viable cells. As a complement to these existing metabolic drug response assays, we evaluated whether biophysical assays based on cell mass (the suspended microchannel resonator mass assay) or size as measured by microscopy (the IncuCyte assay) could be used as a readout forex vivodrug response. Using these biophysical assays, we profiled theex vivotemozolomide responses of a retrospective cohort of 70 glioblastoma patient-derived neurosphere models with matched clinical outcomes and found that both biophysical assays predicted patients’ overall survival with similar power to MGMT promoter methylation, the clinical gold standard biomarker for predicting temozolomide response in glioblastoma. These findings suggest that biophysical assays could be a useful complement to existing metabolic approaches as “universal biomarkers” to measure sensitivity or resistance to anti-cancer drugs with a wide variety of cytostatic or cytotoxic mechanisms.One-sentence summaryBy using biophysical assays to performex vivodrug susceptibility testing on 70 glioblastoma patient-derived neurosphere models, we find that functional testing predicts the duration that patients survive when treated with temozolomide, the standard of care chemotherapy.
FertilityOnline, a straight pipeline for functional gene annotation and disease mutation discovery, identifies novel infertility causative mutations inSYCE1andSTAG3
Authors: Gao Jianing , Zhang Huan , Jiang Xiaohua , Ali Asim , Zhao Daren , Bao Jianqiang , Jiang Long , Iqbal Furhan , Shi Qinghua , Zhang Yuanwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExploring the genetic basis of human infertility is currently under intensive investigation. However, only a handful of genes are validated in animal models as disease-causing genes in infertile men. Thus, to better understand the genetic basis of spermatogenesis in human and to bridge the knowledge gap between human and other animal species, we have constructed FertilityOnline database, which is a resource that integrates the functional genes reported in literature related to spermatogenesis into an existing spermatogenic database, SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0. Additional features like functional annotation and statistical analysis of genetic variants of human genes, are also incorporated into FertilityOnline. By searching this database, users can focus on the top candidate genes associated with infertility and can perform enrichment analysis to instantly refine the number of candidates in a user-friendly web interface. Clinical validation of this database is established by the identification of novel causative mutations inSYCE1andSTAG3in azoospermia men. In conclusion, FertilityOnline is not only an integrated resource for analysis of spermatogenic genes, but also a useful tool that facilitates to study underlying genetic basis of male infertility.AvailabilityFertilityOnline can be freely accessed athttp://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/bsc/spermgenes2.0/index.html.
Identification of pituitary thyrotrope signature genes and regulatory elements
Authors: Daly Alexandre Z. , Dudley Lindsey A. , Peel Michael T. , Liebhaber Stephen A. , Parker Stephen C. J. , Camper Sally A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPituitary thyrotropes are specialized cells that produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a critical factor for growth and maintenance of metabolism. The transcription factors POU1F1 and GATA2 have been implicated in thyrotrope fate and transcriptional regulation of the beta subunit of TSH,Tshb, but no transcriptomic or epigenomic analyses of these cells has been undertaken. The goal of this work was to discover key transcriptional regulatory elements that drive thyrotrope fate. We identified the transcription factors and epigenomic changes in chromatin that are associated with differentiation of POU1F1-expressing progenitors into thyrotropes, a process modeled by two cell lines: one that represents an early, undifferentiatedPou1f1lineage progenitor (GHF-T1) and one that is a committed thyrotrope that produces TSH (TαT1). We generated and compared RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, histone modification (including H3K27Ac, H3K4Me1, and H3K27Me3), and transcription factor (POU1F1) binding in these two cell lines to identify regulatory elements and candidate transcriptional regulators. We identified POU1F1 binding sites that were unique to each cell line. POU1F1 binding sites are commonly associated with bZIP transcription factor consensus binding sites in GHF-T1 cells and Helix-Turn-Helix (HTH) or basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) factors in TαT1 cells, suggesting that these classes of transcription factors may recruit or cooperate with POU1F1 binding to unique sites. We validated enhancer function of novel elements we mapped nearCga, Pitx1, Gata2,andTshbby transfection in TαT1 cells. Finally, we confirmed that an enhancer element nearTshbcan drive expression in thyrotropes of transgenic mice, and we demonstrate that GATA2 enhancesTshbexpression through this element. These results extend the ENCODE multi-omic profiling approach to an organ that is critical for growth and metabolism, which should be valuable for understanding pituitary development and disease pathogenesis.
Evaluating Methods for Differential Gene Expression And Alternative Splicing Using Internal Synthetic Controls
Authors: Mehrotra Sudeep , Bronstein Revital , Navarro-Gomez Daniel , Segrè Ayellet V. , Pierce Eric A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh-throughput transcriptome sequencing has become a powerful tool in the study of human diseases. Identification of causal mechanisms may entail analysis of differential gene expression (DGE), differential transcript/isoform expression (DTE) and identification, classification and quantification of alternative splicing (AS) and/or detection of novel AS events. For such a global transcriptome profiling execution of multi-level data analysis methodologies is required. Each level presents its own unique challenges and the questions about their performance remains. In this work we present results from systematic and consistent assessing and comparing a number of widely used methods for detecting DGE, DTE and AS using internal control “spike-in” sequences (Sequins) in RNA-seq data. We demonstrated that inclusion of internal controls in RNA-seq experiments allows accurate determination of lower bounds detection levels, and better assessment of DGE, DTE and AS accuracy and sensitivity. Tools for RNA-seq read alignment and detection of DGE performed reasonably. More efforts are needed to improve specificity and sensitivity of DTE and AS detection. Low expression of isoforms accompanied with sequencing depth does impact sensitivity and specificity of DTE and AS tools.