bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Burnout in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellows
Authors: Feeks Caitlin , Chao Jennifer , Sinert Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Burnout among emergency medicine (EM) physicians (57%) is significantly greater than among pediatricians (39%). Pediatric EM (PEM) providers are a unique population in that the majority first complete a pediatric residency and then a fellowship in pediatric emergency medicine. We sought to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for burnout in PEM fellows.

Methods
An e-mail survey that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Health Services Survey was sent to fellows in PEM programs. Anonymous surveys were scored using the MBI subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Fellows with scores of moderate to high in both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were considered to have burnout. The data were compared with demographic information, including fellowship year, sex, and relationship status. Participants were also asked to list items in their life they felt were burnout contributors. The burnout rate was reported as a percentage with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), based on the Agresti-Coull method. Associations between categorical variables and burnout were tested with Fisher exact test, alpha = 0.05 (2 tails).

Results
Of 463 PEM fellows, 146 responses were received (30% response rate), and 139 surveys were scored. Over half (65%) of the respondents were female. The burnout prevalence of PEM fellows was 30.9% (95% CI, 24%–39%). The burnout rate was significantly (P = 0.002) lower for men (13%) (95% CI, 6%–26%) than for women (39.8%) (95% CI, 30%–50%). Fellows who were single (50%) or divorced (66.7%) had significantly (P = 0.008) higher rates of burnout compared with married (27%) fellows. Current training year was not a significant burnout risk. Major contributors to burnout were work environment (52.5%), academic responsibilities of fellowship (36%), schedule (35.3%), work-life balance (33.8%), and career / occupational stress (33.1%).

Conclusions
Pediatric emergency medicine fellows had a 30.9% prevalence of burnout. Risk factors for burnout were similar for PEM fellows and EM physicians. Women were more likely to suffer from burnout, as well as fellows who were single or divorced.
Beyond soil health: the trophic effects of cover crops shape predator communities
Authors: Bowers Carson , Toews Michael D. , Schmidt Jason M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMaintaining habitat throughout the season in annual cropping systems provides resource stability for arthropod communities. Stabilizing resource availability should lead to diverse predatory communities and their associated ecosystem services such as biological control. There is a need for studies to test change in predator communities due to habitat provisioning and estimate associated food web responses. Here we quantified predator community structure and used molecular gut-content analysis to reconstruct predator food webs in response to winter cover crops (i.e. cereal and legume based) in a cotton agroecosystem. Predators were collected from experimental field plots during each major crop development stage in 2017 and 2018, and PCR was used to estimate predator roles and responses to cover crop treatments. Cotton planted into a rye cover crop residue promoted unique predator communities in the early and mid-season as compared to no-cover fields. Correspondingly, we observed dissimilar prey consumption among cover crop treatments. While predators consumed incidental pests at high frequencies (e.g. aphids), predation on key pests by natural enemies in this system was lacking. The use of winter cover crops and reduced tillage practices increased the consumption of alternative prey by natural enemies on seedling cotton, encouraging high predator diversity that aligns temporally with potential early season pest outbreaks. Therefore, cover crops should be further integrated into integrated pest management strategies.
Extinction Risk from Human Impacts on Small Populations of Marine Mammals
Authors: Wade Paul R. , Slooten Elisabeth 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTPopulation models used to set limits for whaling, fisheries bycatch and other human-caused mortality (HCM) usually focus on relatively large populations and do not include Allee effects (declines in population growth rate at small population sizes). These models are not suitable for managing small and endangered populations of marine mammals. We use a stochastic age-structured population model to investigate the effect of HCM on extinction risk. Compared to environmental variability and catastrophes, Allee effects had a strong influence on risk. Depending on the scenario, HCM (1) delayed the rate of population recovery (with no increased risk), (2) increased extinction risk because populations lingered at low levels, (3) increased extinction risk because the population was pushed below an Allee threshold, or (4) increased extinction risk over 100 years because the rate of extinction for a doomed population was accelerated. Population dynamics in small populations are poorly known for most marine mammals. Therefore, we recommend that managers consider the range of potential population dynamics for the species under consideration and make precautionary decisions on allowable levels of HCM. For critically depleted populations (e.g., small populations, well below historic levels) even low levels of HCM have the potential to substantially increase extinction risk.
Estimating the size of COVID-19 epidemic outbreak
Authors: Pongkitivanichkul Chakrit , Samart Daris , Tangphati Takol , Koomhin Phanit , Pimton Pimchanok , Dam-O Punsiri , Payaka Apirak , Channuie Phongpichit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, we analyze the epidemic data of cumulative infected cases collected from many countries as reported by WHO starting from January 21st 2020 and up till March 21st 2020. Our inspection is motivated by the renormalization group (RG) framework. Here we propose the RG-inspired logistic function of the form as an epidemic strength function with n being asymmetry in the modified logistic function. We perform the non-linear least-squares analysis with data from various countries. The uncertainty for model parameters is computed using the squared root of the corresponding diagonal components of the covariance matrix. We carefully divide countries under consideration into 2 categories based on the estimation of the inflection point: the maturing phase and the growth-dominated phase. We observe that long-term estimations of cumulative infected cases of countries in the maturing phase for both n = 1 and n ≠ 1 are close to each other. We find from the value of root mean squared error (RMSE) that the RG-inspired logistic model with n ≠ 1 is slightly preferable in this category. We also argue that n determines the characteristic of the epidemic at an early stage. However, in the second category, the estimated asymptotic number of cumulative infected cases contain rather large uncertainty. Therefore, in the growth-dominated phase, we focus on using n = 1 for countries in this phase. Some of them are in an early stage of an epidemic with an insufficient amount of data leading to a large uncertainty on parameter fits. In terms of the accuracy of the size estimation, the results do strongly depend on limitations on data collection and the epidemic phase for each country.
Lipid Droplets in Brown Adipose Tissue Are Dispensable for Cold-Induced Thermogenesis
Authors: Chitraju Chandramohan , Fischer Alexander , Farese Robert V. , Walther Tobias C. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYBrown adipocytes store metabolic energy as triglycerides (TG) in multilocular lipid droplets (LDs). Fatty acids released from brown adipocyte LDs by lipolysis are thought to activate and fuel UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. Here we test this hypothesis by preventing fatty acid storage in murine brown adipocytes through brown adipose tissue (BAT)-specific deletions of the TG synthesis enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2 (BA-DGAT KO). Despite the absence of LDs, BA-DGAT KO mice had functional BAT and maintained euthermia during acute or chronic cold exposure. As apparent adaptations to the lack of TG, brown adipocytes of BA-DGAT KO mice appear to utilize circulating glucose and fatty acids, as well as stored glycogen to fuel thermogenesis. Moreover, BA-DGAT KO mice were resistant to diet-induced glucose intolerance, likely due to increased glucose disposal by BAT. Thus, surprisingly, TGs in BAT are dispensable for its function, in part through adaptations to utilize other fuel sources.
Motivating reflection habits and raising employee awareness of learning
Authors: Rigolizzo Michele , Zhu Zhu 
Published: March 2020

PurposeWhile research has shown reflection is a valuable part of individual learning, developing reflection habits has remained notoriously difficult, particularly for working adults. We explore whether an intervention of being able to review previous reflections will affect employee engagement in future reflection activities and raise their awareness of learning opportunities at work.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a large-scale field experiment, including 136 employees from an international bank in Europe, in which participants were asked to reflect twice a week for eight weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to either a group that was given access to their previous reflections, or a group that was not.FindingsWe found that individuals who were able to see their previous reflections wrote significantly more subsequent reflections than the other group. In addition, those who could see their previous reflections used more words related to learning and cognition.Practical implicationsOften employees may feel they are only learning when they attend formal trainings. However, this paper provides concrete guidance for how human resources management (HRM) managers can boost employees’ informal learning and awareness of the learning opportunities inherent in challenging work.Originality/valueThis study furthers research on using HRM interventions to facilitate informal learning activities, in particular, methods to motivate systematic reflections and raising awareness of learning opportunities. Our findings suggest that developing habits of reflection and improving awareness of learning opportunities encompasses more than simply writing reflections, but should include processing previous writings.
Blowing the whistle on workplace corruption: the role of ethical leadership
Authors: Hechanova Ma. Regina M. , Manaois Jason O. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide a structural model of the role of ethical leadership on intent to whistle blow workplace corruption using the theory of planned behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a mixed method, sequential design. Interviews were conducted in the first phase to identify corrupt practices and validate the salience of the variables in the study. The second phase administered surveys to test the hypotheses of the study. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was done to analyze structural relationships among variables.

Findings
SEM results showed an adequately fit model, indicating ethical leadership predicting organizational norms and controls. It also found that ethical leadership has indirect effect toward employees’ attitude toward corruption through organizational norms and control. Furthermore, ethical leadership also has indirect effect on intent to whistle blow through organizational controls.

Research limitations/implications
This study was conducted in the Philippines, a high-power distance culture. In such a culture, the influence of leadership is crucial, as it dictates standard behaviors of members and the organization as a whole. Future research may wish to explore whether the findings would also apply in low-power distance cultures.

Practical implications
The finding suggests that ethical leadership is crucial in shaping organizational norms and controls, which in turn, influences employees’ attitude toward corruption and their intention to whistle blow.

Originality/value
The study contributes to corruption literature by providing empirical evidence of the structure model how the role of ethical leadership shapes organizational norms and controls that, in turn, influences employee attitude toward corruption and intent to whistle blow.
Contingency framework for understanding quality in public and private hospitals of India
Authors: Marmat Geeta , Jain Pooja 
Published: March 2020

PurposeHealth-care delivery organizations (hospitals) constitute a complex adaptive system; hence, a contingency perspective is imperative to guide the design of customized approaches to quality management in different health-care settings. Accordingly, this paper aims to propose a contingency framework to advance the understanding of the relationship between situational factors and effectiveness of quality approaches in health-care organizations (HCOs), such as hospitals in India.Design/methodology/approachRelated literature was reviewed to identify existing research and theories related to quality and quality approaches, situational factors of the HCOs (hospitals) and some existing logical evidence on public and private hospitals in India. Then a contingencies framework for quality and quality approaches was conceptualized.FindingsThis paper proposes contingent determinants arise out of conceptualization of the HCOs (hospitals) from different system perspective such as rational system, natural system, open system and integrative system; uncertainty because of physicians’ behaviour, nurses’ approach and a dual line of authority; and the task environment such as patients, competition and economic pressure. These determinants represent situational constructs to the quality enhancement of any attempt at quality approaches. While these determinants have an influence on the quality and quality approaches of the HCOs (hospital), it is imperative to build any quality improvement strategy to work effectively, i.e., quality approach is dependent on determinants of the contingencies of the hospital’s environment, be it external or internal. Propositions for future research are also incorporated.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper proposes a conceptual model as well as research propositions that need to be validated and confirmed empirically. It advances the research and theory related to quality and quality approaches in a health-care setting. It can enable policymakers, hospital managers to analyze and gauge the appropriateness of quality approaches in a given context before implementing them and could help to improve the introverted quality approaches and quality dimensions currently followed in HCOs (hospitals).Originality/valueContingency framework is a new approach for research on the effectiveness of quality approaches in hospitals. The fundamental idea behind this framework is that effectiveness of quality approaches can be understood best by examining its contingent determinants. Thus, it has the capacity to contribute to the efforts of government and policymakers to make the quality of care affordable to all in India. Essentially, we examine the contexts and variables that determine the effectiveness of quality approaches.
How does intellectual capital efficiency affect firm performance? The moderating role of family management
Authors: Ramírez Yolanda , Dieguez-Soto Julio , Manzaneque Montserrat 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: to know whether those firms that achieve greater efficiency from their intangible resources (intellectual capital) also obtain greater performance; and to analyze the moderating role of family management on that relationship in small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducts an empirical study with different econometric models using a panel data sample of 6,132 paired firm-year observations from Spanish manufacturing SMEs in the period 2000–2013.FindingsThe findings suggest that intellectual capital efficiency is a key factor that allows the firm to achieve and maintain competitive advantages, obtaining greater performance. Additionally, this research also shows that the moderating role of family management can be a double-edged sword depending on the type of intangible resources.Practical implicationsThis paper may give managers an insight in how to better utilize and manage intangible resources available in their firms to improve competitive advantage and ultimately firm performance. Additionally, on the basis of the Socioemotional Wealth perspective (SEW), this article argues that family-managed firms that focus on SEW preservation can enhance the impact of structural capital efficiency on performance.Originality/valueThis paper extends the prior literature by studying the joint effects of intellectual capital efficiency, distinguishing between human capital and structural capital efficiency, and family management on performance in the context of SMEs.
Why firms exploit the dual marketing strategy? A network-institutional perspective
Authors: Cheah Chee Wei 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
Using a combined Industrial Marketing and Purchasing’s network approach and institutional theory, this paper aims to explore why firms exploit dual marketing strategy that targets both the consumer (business-to-consumer) and business markets (business-to-business). This study uses the regulated housing market as its research context in examining how housing developers cope with government intervention when implementing a dual marketing strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies a qualitative case study research approach, using 19 in-depth interviews, from the purposefully selected industry actors within the housing market, observations and documents.

Findings
The findings uncover housing developers’ struggles in dealing with government intervention when they adopt a dual marketing strategy. When dealing with the regulated consumer market, developers formed an issue-based net with other competitors and used their association to bargain with the government for flexibility in public policy. When selling to the business market, in which the private investment club emerged as a powerful actor, they initiated strategic net and influenced property developers’ pricing and selling strategies. The findings also demonstrate that the restrictions imposed on the consumer market have a spillover effect on the business market, which reflects the contextual embeddedness of the two markets.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the understanding of how actors strategize and co-evolve when implementing a dual marketing strategy. It helps policymakers, business actors and other connected actors to understand the interactions of all actors within a network that affects each other’s decisions.
Information specificity, social topic awareness and message authenticity in CSR communication
Authors: Pérez Andrea , García de los Salmones María del Mar , Liu Matthew T. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper explores how companies can improve consumer attitudes towards corporate social responsibility (CSR) messages and companies by designing the content of the message, which should provide specific information and improve social topic awareness among consumers. The paper also explores the mediating role of message authenticity between the CSR message content and consumer attitudes towards the information and the company.Design/methodology/approach302 participants evaluated the website of a fictitious company that included information about its CSR activities. The authors collected data through a questionnaire of Likert-type and dichotomous scales and contrasted the hypotheses with a causal model, analysing the relationships among variables through structural equation modelling (SEM) with the software EQS 6.1.FindingsThe findings suggest that information specificity and social topic awareness improve consumer perceptions of message authenticity. The findings also show that message authenticity improves consumer trust and attitudes towards the information and the company. Attitude towards the information, message authenticity and social topic awareness show the largest impacts on trust and attitude towards the company, while information specificity also has a positive although smaller effect.Originality/valueIntegrating information specificity and social topic awareness within the conceptual model presented in this paper, based on the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) and attribution theory, allows researchers and practitioners to close the gap between companies' CSR activities and consumers' perceptions, attitudes and behaviours.
Does India do IT? The nexus of IT, skills, organizational factors and productivity
Authors: Singh Awadhesh Pratap , Sharma Chandan 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe goal of this study is to investigate the nexus among TFP (total factor productivity), IT (information technology) capital accumulation, skills and key plant variables of 34 Indian industries for the period of 2009–2015.Design/methodology/approachAnnual Survey of Industries (ASI) data series are extracted and formulated using Microsoft SQL server. The authors employ Wooldridge (2009) technique to estimate productivity. To investigate the linkages among productivity, IT, skills and key plant variables, the authors estimate specifications using system generalized method of moments (sys-GMM). Advanced estimation techniques such as Heckman two-step process, probit equations, inverse Mills ratio and panel cointegration are applied to overcome problems of nonstationarity, omitted variables, endogeneity and reverse causality.FindingsThe results indicate that the level of IT capital influences the TFP of Indian industries, so does the level of skilled workers. The outcome suggests that intermediate capital goods, location and ownership type enable the strength of IT capital and that in turn boosts productivity. The authors fail to find any impact of regional factors and contractual labor on IT capital and productivity. While medium-level gender diversity is statistically significant to influence productivity, however, no complementarities exist between gender diversity and IT capital accumulation. The results also indicate that IT demand of Indian industries is sensitive to availability of skilled workforce, fuel and electricity and access to short-term funding.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the nexus among TFP, IT capital accumulation, skills and organizational factors using ASI unit level data. Besides this, the paper offers two more novelties. First, it uses Wooldridge (2009) technique to estimate productivity, which is used by a handful of studies in the context of India. Second, the study identifies factors that impact productivity growth, IT demand and its adoption in Indian industries and thus contributes to growth and development literature.