bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A PERIOD3 variable number tandem repeat polymorphism modulates melatonin treatment response in delayed sleep‐wake phase disorder
Authors: Magee Michelle , Sletten Tracey L. , Murray Jade M. , Gordon Christopher J. , Lovato Nicole , Bartlett Delwyn J. , Kennaway David J. , Lockley Steven W. , Lack Leon C. , Grunstein Ronald R. , Archer Simon N. , Rajaratnam Shantha M.W. ,   Delayed Sleep on Melatonin (DelSoM) Study Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examined whether a polymorphism of the PERIOD3 gene (PER3; rs57875989) modulated the sleep‐promoting effects of melatonin in Delayed Sleep‐Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD). One hundred and four individuals (53 males; 29.4 ±10.0 years) with DSWPD and a delayed dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) collected buccal swabs for genotyping (PER34/4 n = 43; PER3 5 allele [heterozygous and homozygous] n = 60). Participants were randomised to placebo or 0.5 mg melatonin taken 1 hour before desired bedtime (or ~1.45 hours before DLMO), with sleep attempted at desired bedtime (4 weeks; 5‐7 nights/week). We assessed sleep (diary and actigraphy), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS: Sleep Disturbance, Sleep‐Related Impairment), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and Patient‐ and Clinician‐Global Improvement (PGI‐C, CGI‐C). Melatonin treatment response on actigraphic sleep onset time did not differ between genotypes. For PER34/4 carriers, self‐reported sleep onset time was advanced by a larger amount and sleep onset latency (SOL) was shorter in melatonin‐treated patients compared to those receiving placebo (P = .008), while actigraphic sleep efficiency in the first third of the sleep episode (SE T1) did not differ. For PER3 5 carriers, actigraphic SOL and SE T1 showed a larger improvement with melatonin (P < .001). Melatonin improved ISI (P = .005), PROMIS sleep disturbance (P < .001) and sleep‐related impairment (P = .017), SDS (P = .019), PGI‐C (P = .028) and CGI‐C (P = .016) in PER34/4 individuals only. Melatonin did not advance circadian phase. Overall, PER34/4 DSWPD patients have a greater response to melatonin treatment. PER3 genotyping may therefore improve DSWPD patient outcomes.
Religious Heterogamy and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion in China
Authors: McPhail Brian L. , Yang Fenggang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn Western societies, religious heterogamy and its effects on religious socialization outcomes have been interpreted through the lens of secularization. How about China, where religion has been resurging in recent decades? Using data from the 2007 Spiritual Life Survey of Chinese Residents, this study shows that despite China's atheist education system and strict religion policies, having at least one religiously affiliated parent is associated with increased religiosity compared to having two nonreligious parents. Whereas religious heterogamy in the West has a secularizing effect on the next generation, religious heterogamy in secular nations, such as China, has a religionizing effect and contributes to religion's rise.
Colorectal basidiobolomycosis in a dog
Authors: Marclay Margaux , Langohr Ingeborg M. , Gaschen Frederic P. , Rodrigues‐Hoffmann Aline , Carossino Mariano , Stewart Mathew A. , Myers Alexandra N. , Grooters Amy M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 7‐year‐old castrated male French Bulldog was examined for chronic large intestinal enteropathy. A colonic mass and thickened rectal mucosa were identified, and histopathologic examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens disclosed eosinophilic proctitis with large (5‐20 μm), irregularly shaped, pauciseptate hyphae that were Gomori methenamine silver and periodic acid‐Schiff positive. Amplification and sequencing of ribosomal DNA extracted from paraffin‐embedded tissues yielded a sequence with 97% identity to GenBank sequences for Basidiobolus ranarum. After itraconazole, terbinafine, and prednisone administration, clinical signs resolved rapidly, and sonographic lesions were largely absent after 6 weeks. Treatment was discontinued by the owner 15 weeks after diagnosis. Three weeks later, the dog collapsed acutely and was euthanized. Necropsy identified metastatic islet cell carcinoma and grossly unremarkable colorectal tissues. However, histopathology of the rectum disclosed multifocal submucosal granulomas with intralesional hyphae morphologically similar to those previously observed. This report is the first to describe medical treatment of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in a dog.
The Money Study Group (MSG) at fifty: Twenty years of the MSG and another thirty of the Money, Macro, Finance Research Group (MMF)
Authors: Chrystal Alec , Capie Forrest 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe discuss the origins of the Money Study Group in 1969 and its subsequent journey via the Money Macro Finance Study Group to become the Money Macro and Finance Society. It has provided a forum for debates on macroeconomics and monetary policy and has expanded to incorporate other aspects of finance. Its activities have successfully brought together academics, policy makers and city practitioners.
Epidemiologizing Culture: Scaling Chineseness through Narratives of Stigma in New York City
Authors: Mason Katherine A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrawing on 18 months of participation on an epidemiological research team and close analysis of in‐depth interviews the team conducted with 30 Chinese immigrants to New York City, this article traces a process I call epidemiologizing culture. In producing qualitative interview data from Chinese immigrants at risk for HIV, team members smoothed over individual variation to extract elements thought to be relevant to population‐level experiences of “Chinese culture.” Relevance was determined based on how closely the experiences of participants mirrored the behavior of a Chinese ideal type. Interviewer and interviewee collaborated in articulating and reproducing homophobic and HIV‐phobic discourses associated with Chinese culture while erasing details of lived experience, and conflating race and culture. I conclude that differing epistemic virtues make an epidemiological embrace of contemporary anthropological understandings of culture difficult. A model of “parallel play” may be an alternative approach to interdisciplinary synthesis.
Odorant binding proteins promote flight activity in the migratory insect, Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Wang Shang , Minter Melissa , Homem Rafael A. , Michaelson Louise V. , Venthur Herbert , Lim Ka S. , Withers Amy , Xi Jinghui , Jones Christopher M. , Zhou Jing‐Jiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMigratory insects are capable of actively sustaining powered flight for several hours. This extraordinary phenomenon requires a highly efficient transport system to cope with the energetic demands placed on the flight muscles. Here, we provide evidence that the role of the hydrophobic ligand binding of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) extends beyond their typical function in the olfactory system to support insect flight activity via lipid interactions. Transcriptomic and candidate gene analyses show that two phylogenetically clustered OBPs (OBP3/OBP6) are consistently over‐expressed in adult moths of the migrant Old‐World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, displaying sustained flight performance in flight activity bioassays. Tissue‐specific over‐expression of OBP6 was observed in the antennae, wings and thorax in long‐fliers of H. armigera. Transgenic Drosophila flies over‐expressing an H. armigera transcript of OBP6 (HarmOBP6) in the flight muscle attained higher flight speeds on a modified tethered flight system. Quantification of lipid molecules using mass spectrometry showed a depletion of triacylglyerol and phospholipids in flown moths. Protein homology models built from the crystal structure of a fatty acid carrier protein identified the binding site of OBP3 and OBP6 for hydrophobic ligand binding with both proteins exhibiting a stronger average binding affinity with triacylglycerols and phospholipids compared with other groups of ligands. We propose that HarmOBP3 and HarmOBP6 contribute to the flight capacity of a globally invasive and highly migratory noctuid moth, and in doing so, extend the function of this group of proteins beyond their typical role as chemosensory proteins in insects.
Comparative landscape genetics reveals differential effects of environment on host and pathogen genetic structure in Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) and their transmissible tumour
Authors: Kozakiewicz Christopher P. , Ricci Lauren , Patton Austin H. , Stahlke Amanda R. , Hendricks Sarah A. , Margres Mark J. , Ruiz‐Aravena Manuel , Hamilton David G. , Hamede Rodrigo , McCallum Hamish , Jones Menna E. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Storfer Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenetic structure in host species is often used to predict disease spread. However, host and pathogen genetic variation may be incongruent. Understanding landscape factors that have either concordant or divergent influence on host and pathogen genetic structure is crucial for wildlife disease management. Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) was first observed in 1996 and has spread throughout almost the entire Tasmanian devil geographic range, causing dramatic population declines. Whereas DFTD is predominantly spread via biting among adults, devils typically disperse as juveniles, which experience low DFTD prevalence. Thus, we predicted little association between devil and tumour population structure and that environmental factors influencing gene flow differ between devils and tumours. We employed a comparative landscape genetics framework to test the influence of environmental factors on patterns of isolation by resistance (IBR) and isolation by environment (IBE) in devils and DFTD. Although we found evidence for broad‐scale costructuring between devils and tumours, we found no relationship between host and tumour individual genetic distances. Further, the factors driving the spatial distribution of genetic variation differed for each. Devils exhibited a strong IBR pattern driven by major roads, with no evidence of IBE. By contrast, tumours showed little evidence for IBR and a weak IBE pattern with respect to elevation in one of two tumour clusters we identify herein. Our results warrant caution when inferring pathogen spread using host population genetic structure and suggest that reliance on environmental barriers to host connectivity may be ineffective for managing the spread of wildlife diseases. Our findings demonstrate the utility of comparative landscape genetics for identifying differential factors driving host dispersal and pathogen transmission.
Does Zakat reduce poverty? Evidence from Tunisia using the Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Bouanani Mejda , Belhadj Besma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractZakat is one of the five pillars of Islam; it is compulsory for all the well‐off Muslims and is given to the needy. This study examines Zakat's impact on poverty in Tunisia. Using simulated data of individuals from Tunisian household surveys in 2010 and 2015, we measure the effect of Zakat to reduce poverty. This study uses the Fuzzy Approach to conclude that Zakat does reduce poverty. The simulation results display a significant decrease in the poverty index of Tunisia's seven regions.
Convergence of actual, warranted, and natural growth rates in a Kaleckian–Harrodian‐classical model
Authors: Kemp‐Benedict Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a dynamic one‐sector macroeconomic model that draws on both post‐Keynesian and classical/neo‐Marxian themes. The model features an equilibrium in which Harrod’s actual, warranted, and natural growth rates coincide. Dynamic processes unfolding over both short and long time scales lead the economy to exhibit both business cycles and long waves. The Keynesian stability condition is assumed not to hold, so the model features short‐run instability, which is bounded from above by a utilization ceiling. Labor constraints affect distribution through conflict pricing. In contrast to other Kaleckian–Harrodian models, we do not assume an exogenous source of demand. Instead, short‐run instability is bounded from below by firms’ expectations that the downturn will eventually reverse.
Ecological implications of unprecedented warm water anomalies on interannual prey preferences and foraging areas of Guadalupe fur seals
Authors: Amador‐Capitanachi María José , Moreno‐Sánchez Xchel G. , Ventura‐Domínguez Phalom Denohi , Juárez‐Ruiz Ariadna , González‐Rodríguez Eduardo , Gálvez Casandra , Norris Tenaya , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Guadalupe fur seal (GFS) currently is recovering from near extinction and prey availability is an important factor. Scat and stable isotope analyses (SIA) were used to assess GFS foraging on Guadalupe Island during 2013–2016. This period was characterized by normal (2013) ocean temperatures followed by warm conditions (2014–2016). Scat samples (~40/year) were collected for prey identification. Additionally, lanugo samples from 1‐month‐old pups (50/year) were processed for SIA (δ13C/δ15N). Interannual prey preferences were identified (ANOSIM,p < .05), including significant differences between 2013 and the anomalous years. The most important prey species among these years was the jumbo squid; followed by the neon flying squid (2014–2016). The GFS diet was more specialized in 2013–2015 and more generalized in 2016. Prey from higher trophic levels (determined by scat analysis) were consumed during 2014–2016, but with significantly lower δ13C/δ15N values than in 2013 (ANOVA,p < .05 for both isotope ratios). This pattern may indicate more northerly or offshore foraging areas, with the presence of oceanic prey (neon flying squid). The widest isotopic niche was observed in 2015 (2.2‰2), reflecting a broader foraging area. Our findings are an important step toward better understanding the impacts of climate change on the recovery of GFS.
Characteristics, outcome and risk factors for mortality of paediatric patients with ICU‐acquired candidemia in India: A multicentre prospective study
Authors: Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Sood Prashant , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Chen Sharon , Jillwin Joseph , Iyer Ranganathan , Sharma Ajanta , Harish Belgode Narasimha , Roy Indranil , Kindo Anupma J. , Chhina Deepinder , Savio Jayanthi , Mendiratta Deepak , Capoor Malini R. , Das Shukla , Arora Anita , Chander Jagdish , Xess Immaculata , Boppe Appalaraju , Ray Ujjwayini , Rao Ratna , Eshwara Vandana Kalwaje , Joshi Sangeeta , Patel Atul , Sardana Raman , Shetty Anjali , Pamidimukkala Umabala ,   for the SIHAM Candidemia Network
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe epidemiology, clinical profile and outcome of paediatric candidemia vary considerably by age, healthcare settings and prevalent Candida species. Despite these differences, few comprehensive studies are undertaken. This nationwide study addresses this knowledge gap.Methods487 children who contracted ICU‐acquired candidemia at 23 Indian tertiary care centres were assessed for 398 variables spanning demography, clinical characteristics, microbiology, treatment and outcome.ResultsBoth neonates (5.0 days; range = 3.0‐9.5) and non‐neonatal children (7.0 days; range = 3.0‐13.0) developed candidemia early after ICU admission. Majority of neonates were premature (63.7%) with low birthweight (57.1%). Perinatal asphyxia (7.3%), pneumonia (8.2%), congenital heart disease (8.4%) and invasive procedures were common comorbidities, and antibiotic use (94.1%) was widespread. C tropicalis (24.7%) and C albicans (20.7%) dominated both age groups. Antifungal treatment (66.5%) and removal of central catheters (44.8%) lagged behind. Overall resistance was low; however, emergence of resistant C krusei and C auris needs attention. The 30‐day crude mortality was 27.8% (neonates) and 29.4% (non‐neonates). Logistic regression identified admission to public sector ICUs (OR = 5.64), mechanical ventilation (OR = 2.82), corticosteroid therapy (OR = 8.89) and antifungal therapy (OR = 0.22) as independent predictors of 30‐day crude mortality in neonates. Similarly, admission to public sector ICUs (OR = 3.62), mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.13), exposure to carbapenems (OR = 2.18) and azole antifungal therapy (OR = 0.48) were independent predictors for non‐neonates.ConclusionsOur findings reveal a distinct epidemiology, including early infection with a different spectrum of Candida species, calling for appropriate intervention strategies to reduce candidemia morbidity and mortality. Independent factors identified in our regression models can help tackle these challenges.
The role of uncertainty in the design of sustainable and precautionary management strategies for fisheries
Authors: Riquelme Victor , Quinn Terrance J. , Ramirez C. Hector 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnvironmental variability has a strong influence on marine fish stocks. Thus, management and harvest policies based on deterministic indicators, such as maximum sustainable yield (MSY), may be inappropriate facing such uncertainties. In this study, we investigate the long‐term behavior of a single‐species fishery, whose stock is harvested by several fleets and affected by variability in the recruitment. The dynamics of this population is modeled by a discrete‐time stochastic age‐structured model. In this context, we introduce the concepts of maximum expected, log expected, and harmonic expected sustainable yield, as biological reference points. We illustrate these concepts with a case study of the Patagonian toothfish fishery in Chile and Argentina. Via Monte‐Carlo simulations, we verify that high levels of variability have a negative effect on all these maximum expected reference points, which suggests the need to be more cautious when large levels of variability on recruitment impact the fishery. Our simulations show that the deterministic MSY may not be attained in the presence of environmental noise, and therefore its use may lead to a failure of management strategies or rebuilding plans.Recommendations for Resource ManagersFor sustainable harvest, proper accounting of stochasticity in recruitment dynamics is necessary. For high levels of volatility, the use of deterministic reference points to develop regulations, such as maximum sustainable yield (MSY), may lead to overexploitation and even a possible extinction of the fishery.We extend the MSY to the stochastic age‐structured framework by means of maximum expected stationary yield, maximum expected log‐sustainable yield, and maximum expected harmonic sustainable yield, which can be used as precautionary reference points.These three maximum expected yields and their respective optimal fishing mortalities decrease when the variability of fish recruitment increases. This stresses the need to be more cautious in presence of volatility.
Electroanatomic mapping‐guided endomyocardial biopsy in patients with apparently idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Pieroni Maurizio , Notarstefano Pasquale , Ciabatti Michele , Nesti Martina , Martinese Lucia , Liistro Francesco , Bolognese Leonardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe management of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in the presence of an apparently normal heart represents a major clinical challenge and a main field of clinical research. In the past years, new imaging techniques and the spreading of new generation genetic testing have improved our knowledge of the pathogenesis of apparently idiopathic VA. However, in the absence of specific recommendations, the type and the number of noninvasive and invasive studies necessary to rule out a possible underlying cause of VA or sudden cardiac death remain extremely variable. Therefore, in many patients the underlying cardiac disease is not recognized, and a possible specific therapeutic approach cannot be initiated. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) can provide a significant contribution to the identification of myocardial disorders causing VA but has never been definitively included in the routine diagnostic work‐up of these patients due to the possible sampling error particularly in disorders with a focal or patchy distribution. Three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping (EAM) may guide EMB allowing to draw myocardial samples from abnormal voltage, areas of the ventricular wall, thus reducing sampling error and increasing the sensitivity of EMB. The systematic association of EAM with EMB represents a crucial approach to characterize the pathological substrate of electroanatomic abnormalities and VA and to further clarify the arrhythmogenic mechanisms of acquired and also inherited arrhythmic disorders.
Ten more years of discovery: revisiting the quality of the sauropodomorph dinosaur fossil record
Authors: Cashmore Daniel D. , Mannion Philip D. , Upchurch Paul , Butler Richard J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpatiotemporal changes in fossil specimen completeness can bias our understanding of a group's evolutionary history. The quality of the sauropodomorph fossil record was assessed a decade ago, but the number of valid species has since increased by 60%, and 17% of the taxa from that study have since undergone taxonomic revision. Here, we assess how 10 years of additional research has changed our outlook on the group's fossil record. We quantified the completeness of all 307 sauropodomorph species currently considered valid using the skeletal completeness metric, which calculates the proportion of a complete skeleton preserved for each taxon. Taxonomic and stratigraphic age revisions, rather than new species, are the drivers of the most significant differences between the current results and those of the previous assessment. No statistical differences appeared when we use our new dataset to generate temporal completeness curves based solely on taxa known in 2009 or 1999. We now observe a severe drop in mean completeness values across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary that never recovers to pre‐Cretaceous levels. Explaining this pattern is difficult, as we find no convincing evidence that it is related to environmental preferences or body size changes. Instead, it might result from: (1) reduction of terrestrial fossil preservation space due to sea level rise; (2) ecological specificities and relatively high diagnosability of Cretaceous species; and/or (3) increased sampling of newly explored sites with many previously unknown taxa. Revisiting patterns in this manner allows us to test the longevity of conclusions made in previous quantitative studies.
Physiological significance of pedospheric nitric oxide for root growth, development and organismic interactions
Authors: Ma Ming , Wendehenne David , Philippot Laurent , Hänsch Robert , Flemetakis Emmanouil , Hu Bin , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is essential for plant growth and development, as well as interactions with abiotic and biotic environments. Its importance for multiple functions in plants means that tight regulation of NO concentrations is required. This is of particular significance in roots, where NO signalling is involved in processes, such as root growth, lateral root formation, nutrient acquisition, heavy metal homeostasis, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root–mycorrhizal fungi interactions. The NO signal can also be produced in high levels by microbial processes in the rhizosphere, further impacting root processes. To explore these interesting interactions, in the present review, we firstly summarize current knowledge of physiological processes of NO production and consumption in roots and, thereafter, of processes involved in NO homeostasis in root cells with particular emphasis on root growth, development, nutrient acquisition, environmental stresses and organismic interactions.