bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association betweenBrachyspiraand irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea
Authors: Jabbar Karolina S , Dolan Brendan , Eklund Lisbeth , Wising Catharina , Ermund Anna , Johansson Åsa , Törnblom Hans , Simren Magnus , Hansson Gunnar C 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe incidence of IBS increases following enteric infections, suggesting a causative role for microbial imbalance. However, analyses of faecal microbiota have not demonstrated consistent alterations. Here, we used metaproteomics to investigate potential associations between mucus-resident microbiota and IBS symptoms.DesignMucus samples were prospectively collected from sigmoid colon biopsies from patients with IBS and healthy volunteers, and their microbial protein composition analysed by mass spectrometry. Observations were verified by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and real-time PCR, further confirmed in a second cohort, and correlated with comprehensive profiling of clinical characteristics and mucosal immune responses.ResultsMetaproteomic analysis of colon mucus samples identified peptides from potentially pathogenicBrachyspiraspecies in a subset of patients with IBS. Using multiple diagnostic methods, mucosalBrachyspiracolonisation was detected in a total of 19/62 (31%) patients with IBS from two prospective cohorts, versus 0/31 healthy volunteers (p<0.001). The prevalence ofBrachyspiracolonisation in IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D) was 40% in both cohorts (p=0.02 and p=0.006 vs controls).Brachyspiraattachment to the colonocyte apical membrane was observed in 20% of patients with IBS and associated with accelerated oro-anal transit, mild mucosal inflammation, mast cell activation and alterations of molecular pathways linked to bacterial uptake and ion–fluid homeostasis. Metronidazole treatment paradoxically promotedBrachyspirarelocation into goblet cell secretory granules—possibly representing a novel bacterial strategy to evade antibiotics.ConclusionMucosalBrachyspiracolonisation was significantly more common in IBS and associated with distinctive clinical, histological and molecular characteristics. Our observations suggest a role forBrachyspirain the pathogenesis of IBS, particularly IBS-D.
Association of asthma severity and educational attainment at age 6–7 years in a birth cohort: population-based record-linkage study
Authors: Evans Annette , Farewell Daniel , Demmler Joanne , Bandyopadhyay Amrita , Powell Colin Victor Eric , Paranjothy Shantini 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThere is conflicting research about the association between asthma and poor educational attainment that may be due to asthma definitions. Our study creates seven categories of current chronic and acute asthma to investigate if there is an association for poorer educational attainment at age 6–7 years, and the role of respiratory infections and school absence.MethodsThis study used a population-based electronic cross-sectional birth cohort 1998–2005, in Wales, UK, using health and education administrative datasets. Current asthma or wheeze categories were developed using clinical management guidelines in general practice (GP) data, acute asthma was inpatient hospital admissions and respiratory infections were the count of GP visits, from birth to age 6–7 years. We used multilevel logistic regression grouped by schools to ascertain if asthma or wheeze was associated with not attaining the expected level in teacher assessment at Key Stage 1 (KS1) adjusting for sociodemographics, perinatal, other respiratory illness and school characteristics. We tested if absence from school was a mediator in this relationship using the difference method.ResultsThere were 85 906 children in this population representative cohort with 7-year follow-up. In adjusted multilevel logistic regression, only asthma inpatient hospital admission was associated with increased risk for not attaining the expected level at KS1 (adjusted OR 1.14 95% CI (1.02 to 1.27)). Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) GP contacts remained an independent predictor for not attaining the expected level of education. Absence from school was a potential mediator of the association between hospital admission and educational attainment.ConclusionsClinicians and educators need to be aware that children who have inpatient hospital admissions for asthma or wheeze, or repeated LRTI, may require additional educational support for their educational outcomes.
Towards a more intelligent model of providing pediatric trauma care: identifying temporal variations in trauma team activations
Authors: Johnson Arianne , Sharma Rohit , Anis John , Kaminski Stephen , Kanard Robert 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTrauma centers are resource-intensive environments, and pediatric-specific personnel are often limited resources. Identifying the temporal patterns of pediatric traumas can help guide resource allocation strategies to optimize patient care.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, single-institution analysis of 575 injured patients less than 18 years old that triggered a trauma team activation (TTA). TTA volume according to time of day and day of the week was analyzed using a mixed Poisson regression model and monthly patterns were analyzed using an analysis of variance. Subset analyses were conducted for children and teenagers.ResultsAcross all days, the 6-hour time frame between 15:00 and 21:00 had significantly more activations than average, encompassing nearly half (47.2%) of all pediatric TTAs (p=0.01). Saturdays had significantly more activations than the daily average (Saturdays: 26.0/year, Other: 14.8/year, p<0.01). A pediatric TTA was 3.6 times more likely to occur between 15:00 and 21:00 on a Saturday than any other time. Volume of activation did not significantly differ by month (p=0.880).ConclusionThe volume of pediatric trauma activations varies significantly according to time of day and day of the week. These findings can direct or validate resource allocation strategies such as staffing physicians, nurses, and ancillary personnel according to TTA volume.Type of studyRetrospective cohort study.Level of evidenceLevel III.
Spectral action in matrix form
Authors: Chamseddine Ali H. , Iliopoulos John , van Suijlekom Walter D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantization of the noncommutative geometric spectral action has so far been performed on the final component form of the action where all traces over the Dirac matrices and symmetry algebra are carried out. In this work, in order to preserve the noncommutative geometric structure of the formalism, we derive the quantization rules for propagators and vertices in matrix form. We show that the results in the case of a product of a four-dimensional Euclidean manifold by a finite space, could be cast in the form of that of a Yang–Mills theory. We illustrate the procedure for the toy electroweak model.
Constructions of f(R,G,𝒯) gravity from some expansions of the Universe
Authors: Debnath Ujjal 
Published: November 2020

Here we propose the extended modified gravity theory named [Formula: see text] gravity where [Formula: see text] is the Ricci scalar, [Formula: see text] is the Gauss–Bonnet invariant, and [Formula: see text] is the trace of the stress-energy tensor. We derive the gravitational field equations in [Formula: see text] gravity by taking the least action principle. Next we construct the [Formula: see text] in terms of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in de Sitter as well as power-law expansion. We also construct [Formula: see text] if the expansion follows the finite-time future singularity (big rip singularity). We investigate the energy conditions in this modified theory of gravity and examine the validity of all energy conditions.
Electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves from coalescence of binary black hole with magnetic monopole charge
Authors: Win Aung Naing , Chu Yu-Ming , Shah Hasrat Hussain , Abbas Syed Zaheer , Shah Munawar 
Published: November 2020

A Satellite Fermi GBM detected recent putative short Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) in coincident with the gravitational wave signal GW 150914 produced by the merger of binary black hole (BH). If at least one BH possess magnetic monopole charge in the binary BH system then the short-duration GRBs may produce during the final phase of a binary BH merger. The detection of gravitational waves GW 150914, GW 151226 and LVT 151012 by LIGO gave the evidence that merging of the compact object like binary BH often happens in our universe. In this paper, we report the qualitative model to discuss the generation of electromagnetic radiation from the merging of two BHs with equal masses and at least one BH carrying the magnetic monopole charge in the binary system. In this model, BH possess a magnetic monopole charge that may not be neutralized before the coalescence. During the inspiralling process, the magnetic monopole charge on the BH would produced the electric dipole moment. Short duration GRB would produce by the rapidly evolution of the electric dipole moment which may detectable on Earth. We predict that this model would be beneficial in the future to explain the generation of gravitational wave (GW) plus a electromagnetic signal of multi-wavelength from mergers of magnetically charged BHs.
Regulatory Systems Supporting Innovation: Lessons from the Development of the 2004 Ballast Water Management Convention
Authors: Tsimplis Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The 2004 Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) demands the development of new technology in order to ensure improved environmental performance by ships. However, the successful development of innovation through technology requires characteristics missing from the rather conservative shipping sector in general and also from the BWMC as a legal instrument in particular. The authorisations granted under the BWMC with respect to ballast water treatment systems indicate that the innovation cycle was already completed before the adopted performance standards became legally binding. The innovative efforts were restricted to shipbuilding countries and were not accompanied by incentives to develop suitable sampling techniques to ensure efficient implementation. Innovation through regulation requires evolving standards, benefits for innovators and first movers as well as impact assessments on the efficiency of the chosen technological solutions in resolving the environmental problem. A revised BWMC, to be efficient, needs to take these factors into account.
The Atheist's Bible
Authors: Warman Caroline 
Published: November 2020

‘Love is harder to explain than hunger, for a piece of fruit does not feel the desire to be eaten’: Denis Diderot’s Éléments de physiologie presents a world in flux, turning on the relationship between man, matter and mind. In this late work, Diderot delves playfully into the relationship between bodily sensation, emotion and perception, and asks his readers what it means to be human in the absence of a soul.
The Atheist’s Bible challenges prevailing scholarly views on Diderot’s Éléments, asserting its contemporary philosophical importance, and prompting its readers to inspect more closely this little-known and little-studied work. This book is accompanied by a digital edition of Jacques-André Naigeon’s Mémoires historiques et philosophiques sur la vie et les ouvrages de Denis Diderot (1823), a work which, Warman argues, represents the first publication of Diderot’s Éléments, long before its official publication date of 1875.
The Atheist’s Bible constitutes a major contribution to the field of Diderot studies, and will be of further interest to scholars and students of materialist natural philosophy in the Age of Enlightenment and beyond.
Predicting Learning: Comparing Study Techniques, Perseverance, and Metacognitive Skill
Authors: Gurung Regan A. R. , Mai Theresa , Nelson Matthew , Pruitt Sydney 
Published: November 2020

Background: Instructors and students are on a continuing quest to identify predictors of learning. Objective: This study examines the associations between self-reported exam score and study techniques among students in two courses, Introductory Psychology and Computer Science. Method: We used an online survey to measure the extent students ( N = 249) used 10 techniques studied in cognitive science. We also measured students’ perseverance, metacognitive skill, distractions, and procrastination. Results: Student use of specific study techniques varied between the two courses and a high utility technique, practice testing, was well used. Students reported low levels of spaced practice. Perseverance and metacognitive skills both correlated significantly with many of the study techniques. While no study techniques predicted exam scores in Introductory Psychology beyond variance predicted by GPA, the use of spaced practice predicted a significant portion of variance in students in Computer Science. Conclusions: Students’ use of study techniques varies between their courses and while related to GPA and exam scores, are not unique predictors of variance in learning. Additional moderators and mediators of learning need to be identified. Teaching Implications: We discuss ways instructors can help prepare students in Introductory Psychology and key needs for future research on studying.
Measuring professional self and collective efficacy for dietary advice in Primary Health Care
Authors: Lígia Reis , Patricia Jaime 
Published: November 2020

Background: There is a lack of instruments to measure the ability of health professionals to promote dietary advice according to dietary guidelines. Aim: To develop and validate a web-based and self-applied scale for measuring primary health care (PHC) professionals’ self-efficacy and collective efficacy to apply the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines for dietary advice. Methods: Methodological procedures comprised six steps: development of the items; content validation with panel of experts; face validation through focus group conducted with PHC professionals; online reevaluation by the participants of content and face validation panels; online application with PHC professionals working all over Brazil’s macro-regions; confirmatory factorial analysis to test construct validity. Results: The scale was initially developed with 22 items. After content and face validation panels, changes in content and semantics were performed. The second version consisted of 24 items equally divided into part A (self-efficacy) and B (collective efficacy). All items, when reevaluated, were considered clear and representative of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines’ chapters. The multidimensional model was shown to have excellent fit indices in the confirmatory factorial analysis. The scale’s peak of information was centered around the mean, indicating that both domains are more precise for perception of self-efficacy and collective efficacy on average values. Conclusion: The scale demonstrated validity for measuring PHC professionals’ perceived self-efficacy and collective efficacy to apply the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. To our knowledge, this is the first valid scale for measuring the capability of PHC professionals to apply national dietary guidelines for healthy diet promotion.
Radiologic findings and the molecular expression profile of diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M mutant
Authors: Seong Minjung , Kim Sung Tae , Noh Jung Hyun , Kim Yi Kyung , Kim Hyung-Jin 
Published: November 2020

Background Diffuse midline glioma H3 K27M-mutant (DMG) are reported to show heterogeneous radiologic imaging features in children. We hypothesized that other genetic mutations may contribute to this heterogeneity. Purpose To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of DMG in adult patients and to correlate the imaging findings with the molecular expression profile. Material and Methods Eighteen patients with pathologically proven DMG were enrolled. On preoperative MRI, the following were evaluated: location; size of the lesion; ratio of non-enhancing (NE) and contrast-enhancing (CE) area; presence of cortical invasion and necrotic component; maximum relative cerebral blood volume ratio (rCBV ratio) of NE and CE portions; and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of NE and CE portions, among others. Molecular profiles including ATRX expression and p53 mutation were reviewed to find correlation with imaging features. Results Thalamus was the most commonly involved location, followed by pons and tectum. Five patients showed loss of normal ATRX expression. p53 mutation was positive in 12 patients. 40% of normal ATRX expression patients had cortical involvement and 20% had leptomeningeal seeding; none of the patients with ATRX loss had cortical involvement or leptomeningeal seeding. Patients with normal ATRX expression showed significantly higher rCBV ratio and lower ADC value in the NE area than patients with ATRX loss ( P=0.04, 0.016). p53 mutation status did not correlate with any imaging finding. Conclusion Cortical invasion, leptomeningeal tumor spread, lower ADC value and higher rCBV ratio in NE areas of DMG may be related to normal expression of ATRX.
Role of modern neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced thymic epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Zhai Yirui , Chen Dazhi , Gao Yushun , Hui Zhouguang , Xue Liyan , Zhou Zongmei , Luo Yang , Xiao Zefen , Feng Qinfu 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To improve resectability in patients with stage III–IVA thymic epithelial neoplasms, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are considered. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapies using modern techniques in thymic epithelial neoplasms. Methods: We included 32 patients with Masaoka stage III–IV disease treated at our institution from January 2010 to December 2017. Data regarding clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment protocols, toxicities, and survival were collected. Response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Results: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy alone, chemotherapy alone, sequence chemoradiotherapy, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy were administered to 10 (31.3%), 9 (28.1%), 3 (9.4%), and 10 (31.3%) patients, respectively. Twenty-nine patients (90.6%) underwent R0 resection. The median follow-up time was 38.0 months (3.3–109.5 months). After neoadjuvant therapy, 18 patients (56.3%) achieved partial response and 14 (43.8%) had stable disease. Pathologic complete response was achieved in 6 patients (18.8%), all of whom had thymic carcinoma. The 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 90.9% and 67.5%, respectively. For patients with thymic carcinoma, the 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 80.0% and 66.2%, respectively. Grade 3 toxicities were observed in only 1 patient (leukopenia). Conclusions: For patients with primary unresectable thymic neoplasms, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is an efficient and safe choice, with favorable response and survival and moderate toxicities. Patients with thymic carcinoma might benefit more from neoadjuvant therapies.
Prevalence and characteristics of cough headache in a Chinese respiratory clinic
Authors: Zhang Yimo , Zhao Xin , Wang Yan , Dong Zhao , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: November 2020

Background To evaluate the prevalence, predictive factors and clinical characteristics of cough headache in our respiratory clinic and to investigate the coexistence between cough headache, migraine and tension-type headache. Method We consecutively investigated patients referred to our respiratory clinic with complaints of cough and selected patients with cough headaches to complete a structured interview and examination. Results Six hundred and seventy-nine patients with cough were studied and 122 patients were diagnosed with cough headache. The prevalence of cough headache was 18.0% in these coughing patients. According to multivariate analysis, being of an age between 31–50 years was a risk factor for cough headache (OR 2.0). Cough headache was associated with cough severity: Compared with the mild group, the moderate group (OR 2.3) and the severe group (OR 3.3) were more vulnerable to cough headache. Headache severity had a positive correlation with cough severity (ρ = 0.301, p = 0.028), age (ρ = 0.199, p = 0.029), and headache duration (ρ = 0.242, p = 0.008). In cough headache patients, 30.3% had tension-type headache and 10.7% had migraine in the preceding year. Conclusions Cough headache is not rare in respiratory clinics and the characteristics are somewhat different from those in headache clinics. An age of between 31–50 years and cough severity were risk factors for cough headache. Headache severity was related to cough severity, age and headache duration.
Silencing of SPP1 Suppresses Progression of Tongue Cancer by Mediating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Qiaoli , Li Lifeng , Lai Yueli , Zhao Tong 
Published: November 2020

Background: In the present study, we aimed to find an effective target for the treatment of tongue cancer using gene chip screening and signal pathway research. Methods: We used microarray screening and gene expression profile analyses to find important differentially expressed genes in tongue cancer. We constructed a protein-protein interaction network, and used enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes to screen for important genes. We then silenced the genes of interest in SCC154 cells to study the relationship with the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signal pathway. Western blot analyses, the 3-(4,5Dimethylthiazol-yl)-2,5Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, and immunofluorescence assays were used to compare the expression levels of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signal pathway-related proteins, cell viability, and cell proliferation ability in normal SCC154 cells, Si-RNA SCC154 cells, and gene-silenced SCC154 cells. The scratch test, Transwell test, and western blotting were used to determine migration, invasion, and carcinogenesis. Results: Using GSE9844, GSE13601, and GSE31056 gene chips, we identified 93 upregulated genes and 76 downregulated genes in tongue cancer. Using the protein-protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, we further identified 47 differentially expressed genes. Using Kaplan-Meier plotter online tools, we also identified 3 genes (SPP1, Recombinant Human Secreted Phosphoprotein 1; PLAU, plasminogen activator urinary; and APP, amyloid precursor protein). Compared with normal SCC154 cells and Si-RNA control SCC154 cells, the expressions of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway proteins in si-SPP1 SCC154 cells were significantly decreased (*P < 0.05), and the protein activities and proliferation abilities were also significantly decreased (*P < 0.05), while the migration ability, invasion ability, and cancer forming ability were significantly increased (*P < 0.05). Conclusion: Inhibition of the SPP1 gene may have a therapeutic effect on tongue cancer, and could be an effective target for the treatment of this disorder.