bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite strain elasticity based cohesive zone model for mechanoluminescent composite interface: I. Stiffness of the undamaged interface
Authors: Krishnan S , Katsube N , Sundaresan V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Light emission from inorganic crystals due to elastic loading, termed piezoluminescence or EML, is of great practical interest due to repeatability of emission. Two architectures demonstrated for utilization of EML are thin films and particulate composites, with the majority of recent literature focusing on the latter. Specifically, EML of doped zinc sulfide phosphor particles dispersed in polymer matrices has been recently demonstrated for a growing number of applications. This necessitates the need to understand the micromechanics of stress transfer within these composites for building accurate EML models as well as fatigue models to predict functional life estimates of the EML devices. Macroscale stress measurements can be combined with material properties through micromechanical models to estimate stress transfer to the particulate phase. Apart from the material properties of the matrix and particles, the bonding between the two phases also influences stress transfer significantly. The bonding at the interface is modeled through a CZM which provides a deterministic way to track interfacial damage due to fatigue. A bilinear CZM defines the undamaged stiffness of the interface (

k
σ

i
n
t

)

and its resistance to damage (

k
˜

σ

i
n
t

)

in two piecewise linear stages. In this paper, we utilize established micromechanical models to determine the stiffness of the undamaged interface

k
σ

i
n
t

between EML ZnS:Cu particles and PDMS matrix in the normal and tangential directions (

k
σ
n

and

k
σ
t

) with the help of experimentally determined mechanical and morphological properties of EML–PDMS composites.

k
σ
n

and

k
σ
t

determined are then validated by comparing stress strain behavior of a finite element representative volume with experimental monotonic tensile test results to find good correlation.
Finite strain elasticity based cohesive zone model for mechanoluminescent composite interface: Part II. Interface damage characteristics
Authors: Krishnan S , Katsube N , Sundaresan V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The need to estimate the micromechanical properties of elastico-mechanoluminescent (EML) composites was established in Part A of this paper. The particle–matrix interface was identified to be poorly understood towards building accurate EML models and to predict functional life estimates of the EML devices. Towards this, Part A of this paper defined the mechanical behavior of the interface as a softening spring through a bilinear cohesive zone model (CZM). Macroscale stress measurements were combined with material properties to estimate undamaged stiffness of the interface spring (

k
σ

i
n
t

). In Part B of this paper, the damage characteristics of the interface spring are estimated through an experimental approach to complete the CZM. This is achieved by first establishing the finite strain behavior of the macroscopic EML–PDMS composite from uniaxial tensile testing. Secondly, a controlled tear is induced in the composite and the microscale displacement fields around the tear tip are captured using digital image correlation technique. Tear tip displacements and finite strain behavior are combined to estimate cohesive stresses in the tear-tip region of the composite. The contribution of particle–matrix interfaces towards resisting propagation of the tear is isolated from experimental results to obtain interface-CZM damage parameters. The interface CZM parameters are subsequently utilized in an FEM model to simulate macroscopic composite behavior to find good correlation. The experimental framework established in this paper can be utilized to estimate interface parameters of any particulate-elastomer composites that exhibit finite strain behavior.
Lorentz violation, quantum tunneling, and information conservation *
Authors: Li Guo-Ping , He Ke-Jian , Chen Bing-Bing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, by introducing the Lorentz-invariance-violation (LIV) class of dispersion relations (DR) suppressed by the second power

, we investigated the effect of the LIV on the Hawking radiation of a charged Dirac particle based on tunneling from a Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole. It was determined that the LIV speeds up black hole evaporation. As a result, the induced Hawking temperature was very sensitive to changes in the energy of the radiation particle. However, at the same energy level, it was insensitive to changes in the charge of the radiation particle. This is phenomenological evidence in support of the LIV-DR as a candidate for describing the effect of quantum gravity. Moreover, when the effect of the LIV was included, we discovered that the statistical correlations with the Planck-scale corrections between successive emissions could leak out information via radiation. We also determined that black hole radiation via tunneling is an entropy conservation process, and no information loss occurred during radiation, where the interpretation of the entropy of a black hole is addressed. Finally, we concluded that black hole evaporation is still a unitary process in the context of quantum gravity.
Complete study on polarization of

hadroproduction at QCD next-to-leading order *
Authors: Feng Yu , Gong Bin , Chang Chao-Hsi , Wang Jian-Xiong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
By applying the nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism to

hadroproduction, a complete analysis of the polarization parameters

,

, and

for the production is presented at QCD next-to-leading order. With the long-distance matrix elements extracted from experimental data for the production rate and polarization parameter

of

hadroproduction, our results provide a good description of the measured parameters

and

in both the helicity and Collins-Soper frames. In our calculations, the frame invariant parameter

is consistent in the two frames. Finally, we mention that there are discrepancies between the available experimental data and corresponding theoretical predictions for

.
Theory for quarkonium: from NRQCD factorization to soft gluon factorization *
Authors: Chen An-Ping , Ma Yan-Qing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate that the recently proposed soft gluon factorization (SGF) is equivalent to the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization for heavy quarkonium production or decay, which means that, for any given process, these two factorization theories are either both valid or both violated. We use two methods to arrive at this conclusion. In the first method, we apply the two factorization theories to the physical process

. Our explicit calculation shows that both SGF and NRQCD can correctly reproduce the low energy physics of full QCD, and the two factorizations are thus equivalent. In the second method, by using equations of motion, we successfully deduce SGF from NRQCD effective field theory. By identifying SGF with NRQCD factorization, we establish relations between the two factorization theories and prove the generalized Gremm-Kapustin relation as a byproduct. Compared with the NRQCD factorization, the advantage of SGF is that it resums the series of relativistic corrections originating from kinematic effects to all powers, yielding better convergence of the relativistic expansion.
Phase space formulation of the Abelian and non-Abelian quantum geometric tensor
Authors: Gonzalez Diego , Gutiérrez-Ruiz Daniel , David Vergara J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The geometry of the parameter space is encoded by the quantum geometric tensor, which captures fundamental information about quantum states and contains both the quantum metric tensor and the curvature of the Berry connection. We present a formulation of the Berry connection and the quantum geometric tensor in the framework of the phase space or Wigner function formalism. This formulation is obtained through the direct application of the Weyl correspondence to the geometric structure under consideration. In particular, we show that the quantum metric tensor can be computed using only the Wigner functions, which opens an alternative way to experimentally measure the components of this tensor. We also address the non-Abelian generalization and obtain the phase space formulation of the Wilczek–Zee connection and the non-Abelian quantum geometric tensor. In this case, the non-Abelian quantum metric tensor involves only the non-diagonal Wigner functions. Then, we verify our approach with examples and apply it to a system of N coupled harmonic oscillators, showing that the associated Berry connection vanishes and obtaining the analytic expression for the quantum metric tensor. Our results indicate that the developed approach is well adapted to study the parameter space associated with quantum many-body systems.
Influence of cellulose II polymorph nanowhiskers on bio-based nanocomposite film from Jatropha oil polyurethane
Authors: SaifulAzry S O A , Chuah T G , Paridah M T , Aung M M , Ridzuan M A , Lee C H , Sariah S , Lee S H , Juliana A H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Green polyurethane from plant oil-based such as Jatropha oil has recently received attention due to its environmental friendliness and sustainability. With incorporation of nanocellulose even though at low loadings in polymer matrices has shown a significant improvement. However, limited research has been done on different cellulose nanowhisker (CNW) polymorphs and their impact on composites. A number of studies have shown that the handling of cellulose polymorph also improves the properties of composite products as the cellulose II is more chemically reactive and thermodynamically stable than cellulose I. The aim this study is to investigate the effect of CNW with cellulose II polymorph in Jatropha oil-based polyurethane (JOPU). Different weight percent of CNW-II (0.1–1.5 wt%) were incorporated into JOPU films using vacuum rotavap and film casting. The total weight of 6 g was used as a fixed ratio (1:3) matrix of 4.4’-diphenyl-methane diisocyanate (MDI) and Jatropha-oil polyol (JO). The acid hydrolysis process was subjected to mercerised microcrystalline cellulose (MMCC) for the production of CNW-II. X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out to confirm cellulose II lattice of CNW-II. The CNW-II morphology was analysed using the transmission electron microscope. It was found that CNW-II had a granule-like shape with an average size of 74.04 nm in length and 21.36 nm in width. The translucency and colour of the film have also been tested by optical light microscopes. The clarity of the film and colour found affected by the highest CNW-II film loading. Based on the FTIR analysis, the spectra of all films show a typical polyurethane pattern that JOPU spectra found dominant due to very low volume NCW-II content in film. The same trend is observed for thermal degradation tested using a thermogravimetric analyser. Tensile strength and water uptake have been shown to increase in proportion to the CNW-II content.
Cytomorphologic Features Found in Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Patients
Authors: Shyu Susan , Luca Dragos , VandenBussche Christopher J , Ho Cheng-Ying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesCentral nervous system involvement is present in 70% of patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (CNS-HLH). CNS-HLH is defined by neurologic deficits, neuroimaging abnormalities, or positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. The CSF cytomorphologic spectrum of CNS-HLH, however, has not been well investigated.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 64 CSF specimens from pediatric and adult patients with HLH. Ten patients had clinicoradiologic evidence of CNS involvement.ResultsWe identified five CSF cytomorphologic patterns: (1) hemophagocytosis, (2) vacuolated macrophages without evidence of hemophagocytosis, (3) monocytes and/or nonvacuolated macrophages, (4) acellular specimens, and (5) bloody specimens. Patterns 1 and 2 were common in CNS-HLH and rare in patients without CNS involvement. The CSF cytomorphologic patterns did not correlate well with WBC counts or protein concentration.ConclusionsOur study offers a comprehensive view of the cytomorphologic features seen in CSF specimens from patients with HLH.
Delta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling as a biomarker of postictal generalized EEG suppression
Authors: Grigorovsky Vasily , Jacobs Daniel , Breton Vanessa L , Tufa Uilki , Lucasius Christopher , del Campo Jose Martin , Chinvarun Yotin , Carlen Peter L , Wennberg Richard , Bardakjian Berj L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPostictal generalized EEG suppression is the state of suppression of electrical activity at the end of a seizure. Prolongation of this state has been associated with increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, making characterization of underlying electrical rhythmic activity during postictal suppression an important step in improving epilepsy treatment. Phase-amplitude coupling in EEG reflects cognitive coding within brain networks and some of those codes highlight epileptic activity; therefore, we hypothesized that there are distinct phase-amplitude coupling features in the postictal suppression state that can provide an improved estimate of this state in the context of patient risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. We used both intracranial and scalp EEG data from eleven patients (six male, five female; age range 21–41 years) containing 25 seizures, to identify frequency dynamics, both in the ictal and postictal EEG suppression states. Cross-frequency coupling analysis identified that during seizures there was a gradual decrease of phase frequency in the coupling between delta (0.5–4 Hz) and gamma (30+ Hz), which was followed by an increased coupling between the phase of 0.5–1.5 Hz signal and amplitude of 30–50 Hz signal in the postictal state as compared to the pre-seizure baseline. This marker was consistent across patients. Then, using these postictal-specific features, an unsupervised state classifier—a hidden Markov model—was able to reliably classify four distinct states of seizure episodes, including a postictal suppression state. Furthermore, a connectome analysis of the postictal suppression states showed increased information flow within the network during postictal suppression states as compared to the pre-seizure baseline, suggesting enhanced network communication. When the same tools were applied to the EEG of an epilepsy patient who died unexpectedly, ictal coupling dynamics disappeared and postictal phase-amplitude coupling remained constant throughout. Overall, our findings suggest that there are active postictal networks, as defined through coupling dynamics that can be used to objectively classify the postictal suppression state; furthermore, in a case study of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, the network does not show ictal-like phase-amplitude coupling features despite the presence of convulsive seizures, and instead demonstrates activity similar to postictal. The postictal suppression state is a period of elevated network activity as compared to the baseline activity which can provide key insights into the epileptic pathology.
The prognostic nutritional index on postoperative day one is associated with one-year mortality after burn surgery in elderly patients
Authors: Seo Young Joo , Kong Yu-Gyeong , Yu Jihion , Park Ji Hyun , Kim Su-Jin , Kim Hee Yeong , Kim Young-Kug 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Burn injury in elderly patients can result in poor outcomes. Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) can predict the perioperative nutritional status and postoperative outcomes. We aim to evaluate the risk factors, including PNI, for one-year mortality after burn surgery in elderly patients.

Methods
Burn patients aged ≥65 years were retrospectively included. PNI was calculated using the following equation: 10 × serum albumin level (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (per mm3). Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic curve and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative one-year mortality.

Results
Postoperative one-year mortality occurred in 71 (37.6%) of the 189 elderly burn patients. Risk factors for one-year mortality were PNI on postoperative day one (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.872; 95% CI = 0.812–0.936; p &lt; 0.001), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (HR = 1.112; 95% CI = 1.005–1.230; p = 0.040), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (HR = 2.064; 95% CI = 1.211–3.517; p = 0.008), total body surface area burned (HR = 1.017; 95% CI = 1.003–1.032; p = 0.015) and preoperative serum creatinine level (HR = 1.386; 95% CI = 1.058–1.816; p = 0.018). The area under the curve of PNI for predicting one-year mortality after burn surgery was 0.774 (optimal cut-off value = 25.5). Patients with PNI ≤25.5 had a significantly lower one-year survival rate than those with PNI &gt;25.5 (32.1% vs 75.9%, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
PNI on postoperative day one was associated with postoperative one-year mortality in elderly burn patients. The postoperative one-year survival rate was lower in patients with PNI ≤25.5 than in those with PNI &gt;25.5. These findings indicate the importance of identifying elderly burn patients with low PNI, thereby reducing the mortality after burn surgery.
Pharmacoepidemiology for nephrologists (part 2): potential biases and how to overcome them
Authors: Fu Edouard L , van Diepen Merel , Xu Yang , Trevisan Marco , Dekker Friedo W , Zoccali Carmine , Jager Kitty , Carrero Juan Jesus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Observational pharmacoepidemiological studies using routinely collected healthcare data are increasingly being used in the field of nephrology to answer questions on the effectiveness and safety of medications. This review discusses a number of biases that may arise in such studies and proposes solutions to minimize them during the design or statistical analysis phase. We first describe designs to handle confounding by indication (e.g. active comparator design) and methods to investigate the influence of unmeasured confounding, such as the E-value, the use of negative control outcomes and control cohorts. We next discuss prevalent user and immortal time biases in pharmacoepidemiology research and how these can be prevented by focussing on incident users and applying either landmarking, using a time-varying exposure, or the cloning, censoring and weighting method. Lastly, we briefly discuss the common issues with missing data and misclassification bias. When these biases are properly accounted for, pharmacoepidemiological observational studies can provide valuable information for clinical practice.
Thermal tolerance and fish heart integrity: fatty acids profiles as predictors of species resilience
Authors: Christen Felix , Dufresne France , Leduc Gabriel , Dupont-Cyr Bernard A , Vandenberg Grant W , Le François Nathalie R , Tardif Jean-Claude , Lamarre Simon G , Blier Pierre U 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cardiovascular system is a major limiting system in thermal adaptation, but the exact physiological mechanisms underlying responses to thermal stress are still not completely understood. Recent studies have uncovered the possible role of reactive oxygen species production rates of heart mitochondria in determining species’ upper thermal limits. The present study examines the relationship between individual response to a thermal challenge test (CTmax), susceptibility to peroxidation of membrane lipids, heart fatty acid profiles and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities in two salmonid species from different thermal habitats (Salvelinus alpinus, Salvelinus fontinalis) and their hybrids. The susceptibility to peroxidation of membranes in the heart was negatively correlated with individual thermal tolerance. The same relationship was found for arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid. Total H2O2 buffering activity of the heart muscle was higher for the group with high thermal resistance. These findings underline a potential general causative relationship between sensitivity to oxidative stress, specific fatty acids, antioxidant activity in the cardiac muscle and thermal tolerance in fish and likely other ectotherms. Heart fatty acid profile could be indicative of species resilience to global change, and more importantly the plasticity of this trait could predict the adaptability of fish species or populations to changes in environmental temperature.
Fatty Acid Data and Crop Surveys Indicate Sources of Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Populations and Suggest Strategies for Management
Authors: Prasifka Jarrad R , Ferguson Beth , Anderson James V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus L., is a univoltine seed-feeding pest of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Artificial infestations of S. fulvus onto sunflowers with traditional (&lt;25% oleic acid), mid-oleic (55–75%), or high oleic (&gt;80%) fatty acid profiles were used to test if fatty acids could be used as natural markers to estimate the proportion of weevils developing on oilseed sunflowers rather than wild Helianthus spp. and confection (non-oil) types. Oleic acid (%) in S. fulvus confirmed the fatty acid compositions of mature larvae and weevil adults reflected their diets, making primary (oleic or linoleic) fatty acids feasible as natural markers for this crop-insect combination. Oleic acid in wild S. fulvus populations in North Dakota suggests at least 84 and 90% of adults originated from mid-oleic or high oleic sunflower hybrids in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Surveys in 2017 (n = 156 fields) and 2019 (n = 120 fields) extended information provided by S. fulvus fatty acid data; no significant spatial patterns of S. fulvus damage were detected in samples, damage to oilseed sunflowers was greater than confection (non-oil) types, and the majority of damage occurred in ≈10% of surveyed fields. Combined, data suggest a few unmanaged or mismanaged oilseed sunflower fields are responsible for producing most S. fulvus in an area. Improved management seems possible with a combination of grower education and expanded use of non-insecticidal tactics, including cultural practices and S. fulvus-resistant hybrids.