bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilita vybraných stopových prvků vázaných v hnědém uhlí mostecké pánve
Authors: Cahová Marcela , Geršlová Eva , Kuta Jan 
Published: January 2020

Cílem studia bylo posoudit extrahovatelnost vybraných kovů obsažených ve vzorcích hnědého uhlí při odlišném pH. Na základě těchto údajů pak stanovit prvky, u kterých je nezbytné hodnotit spíše jejich formu výskytu než absolutní koncentraci. Některé prvky vázané v uhlí, jsou potenciálně lehce mobilizovatelné, a představují riziko pro okolní ekosystém. Bylo studováno celkem 10 vzorků uhlí z hlavní sloje mostecké pánve pomocí sekvenční extrakční procedury. Podmínky extrakcí byly nastaveny tak, aby reprezentovaly reálné situace. Pro nejslaběji vázané, a tedy lehce mobilizovatelné prvky byla použita extrakce deionizovanou vodou, množství slabě adsorbovaných iontů na povrchu pevné matrice bylo extrahováno pomocí 1M roztoku octanu amonného při pH = 7. Pro frakci vázanou na uhličitany příp. extrahovatelnou za mírně kyselých podmínek bylo použito téhož činidla při pH = 5. U poloviny hodnocených vzorků se největší množství arsenu extrahovalo v uhličitanové frakci, u druhé poloviny bylo nejvíce arsenu uvolněno již při extrakci deionizovanou vodou. Pozitivní korelace byla zjištěna mezi celkovým množstvím As a Ni. Při korelování dat z jednotlivých extraktů se ovšem vztah nepotvrdil. Množství uvolněného niklu ve všech extrakčních krocích bylo velmi nízké. Významné množství vanadu a chromu bylo extrahováno již za použití deionizované vody u poloviny vzorků. Velmi blízké chování chromu a vanadu potvrzuje i pozitivní korelace během všech kroků extrakce.
Memorias fantasmales de la afro-europeidad después de la Gran Guerra en Half Blood Blues de Esi Edugyan
Authors: Cucarella Ramon Vicent 
Published: January 2020

La segunda novela de la escritora afro-canadiense Esi Edugyan, Half Blood Blues, publicada en 2011, ahonda en el estudio de las trayectorias de diferentes representacions de negritud a través de la convulsa historia de Europa después de la Gran Guerra y del régimen nazi poniendo el foco en la trágica existencia del ciudadano afroamericano Hiero Falk y su banda de jazz. La historia ejemplifica la compleja percepción del sujeto negro en Europa i su actitud resiliente a través de las memorias fantasmales ligadas a las políticas de exclusión racial de un continente atrapado en distintas guerras. Así, utilizando como marco teórico las políticas de la memoria cultural con la estética del gótico postcolonial y su intersección con los procedimientos de racialización, este artículo se centra en la recuperación de la memoria afroeuropea poseída por un contexto de supremacía racial y aniquilación con el fin de reclamar el dialogo entre la historia europea y el colonialismo.
The transition to digital presentation of the diagnostic imaging domain of the Part IV examination of the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners
Authors: Himelfarb Igor , Seron Margaret A. , Hyland John K. , Gow Andrew R. , Tang Nai-En , Dukes Meghan , Smith Margaret , Fisher Michele 
Published: January 2020

Objective:This article introduces changes made to the diagnostic imaging (DIM) domain of the Part IV of the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners examination and evaluates the effects of these changes in terms of item functioning and examinee performance.Methods:To evaluate item function, classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) methods were employed. Classical statistics were used for the assessment of item difficulty and the relation to the total test score. Item difficulties along with item discrimination were calculated using IRT. We also studied the decision accuracy of the redesigned DIM domain.Results:The diagnostic item analysis revealed similarity in item function across test forms and across administrations. The IRT models found a reasonable fit to the data. The averages of the IRT parameters were similar across test forms and across administrations. The classification of test takers into ability (theta) categories was consistent across groups (both norming and all examinees), across all test forms, and across administrations.Conclusion:This research signifies a first step in the evaluation of the transition to digital DIM high-stakes assessments. We hope that this study will spur further research into evaluations of the ability to interpret radiographic images. In addition, we hope that the results prove to be useful for chiropractic faculty, chiropractic students, and the users of Part IV scores.
Paracetamol vs Ibuprofen in Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus (HsPDA) in Preterms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: A. Sinol Hinal , N. Parekh Alpa , R. Gohil Jayendra , Gosai Mehul 
Published: January 2020

Background and Objective: Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HsPDA) is a common cause of morbidity in preterm infants. Indomethacin and Ibuprofen, which are cyclo-oxygenase (COX) 1, 2 inhibitors are commonly used drugs for closure of HsPDA. As, Ibuprofen has several contraindications, we designed study using oral paracetamol (a peroxidase inhibitor) and compared with oral ibuprofen, for efficacy and safety in relation to closure of HsPDA in preterm infants.
Methods: 140 preterm infants (gestational age less than 32 weeks) with HsPDA (confirmed by 2D Echo) were randomly assigned in two groups and received first course of either oral paracetamol (70) or ibuprofen (70). The need for a second course was determined by 2D Echo evaluation. Parameters studied were rate of ductal closure, any adverse effects and discharge rate.
Results: Both groups were similar in term of ductal closure after first course (p=0.46) and second course (p=0.59). However, 22 from Ibuprofen group and only 2 from PCM group developed adverse effects (p<0.001). From paracetamol group 58 were discharged, and 12 died; while from ibuprofen group 46 discharged, 24 died (p=0.03).
Conclusion: Paracetamol for HsPDA in preterm neonates was associated with good efficacy and better safety; and less deaths, as compared to ibuprofen.
Genome sequencing in persistently unsolved white matter disorders
Authors: Helman Guy , Lajoie Bryan R. , Crawford Joanna , Takanohashi Asako , Walkiewicz Marzena , Dolzhenko Egor , Gross Andrew M. , Gainullin Vladimir G. , Bent Stephen J. , Jenkinson Emma M. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Waterham Hans R. , Dorboz Imen , Bertini Enrico , Miyake Noriko , Wolf Nicole I. , Abbink Truus E. M. , Kirwin Susan M. , Tan Christina M. , Hobson Grace M. , Guo Long , Ikegawa Shiro , Pizzino Amy , Schmidt Johanna L. , Bernard Genevieve , Schiffmann Raphael , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Simons Cas , Taft Ryan J. , Vanderver Adeline 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGenetic white matter disorders have heterogeneous etiologies and overlapping clinical presentations. We performed a study of the diagnostic efficacy of genome sequencing in 41 unsolved cases with prior exome sequencing, resolving an additional 14 from an historical cohort (n = 191). Reanalysis in the context of novel disease‐associated genes and improved variant curation and annotation resolved 64% of cases. The remaining diagnoses were directly attributable to genome sequencing, including cases with small and large copy number variants (CNVs) and variants in deep intronic and technically difficult regions. Genome sequencing, in combination with other methodologies, achieved a diagnostic yield of 85% in this retrospective cohort.
Improved Pregnancy Outcome in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Followed an Ideal Clinical Pathway
Authors: Bortoluzzi Alessandra , Andreoli Laura , Carrara Greta , Ramoni Véronique , Rumi Federica , Padovan Melissa , Govoni Marcello , Tincani Angela , Scirè and Carlo Alberto ,   the Record-Linkage on Rheumatic Diseases Study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of optimal management of pregnancy on a composite outcome of miscarriage and complicated birth among women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsData were extracted from health care databases of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2004–2013) as a part of the Record‐Linkage on Rheumatic Diseases Study. Analyses included women with RA identified through a copayment exemption code (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 714.0) and controls from the general population, ages 18–50 years. Seven health care quality indicators (HCQI) were constructed and summarized in 3 pathway indicators: diagnostic, therapeutic, and prenatal follow‐up. Complicated birth or miscarriage were used to identify the adverse pregnancy outcome (APO). The relationship between HCQI and APO was analyzed using logistic models, and the results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsData from the study cohort included the first pregnancy observed in 443 patients with RA compared with 6,097 women belonging to the general population. In the RA population, patients who followed the 3 pathway indicators had a reduced risk of overall APO, with an OR of 0.60 (95% CI 0.39–0.94), and reduced risk of miscarriage/perinatal death, with an OR of 0.40 (95% CI 0.24–0.69), compared to those who did not follow the pathway indicators. Compared with the general population, patients with RA who met all HCQI during pregnancy displayed a risk of APO with an OR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.61–1.38) and miscarriage/perinatal death with an OR of 0.77 (95% CI 0.47–1.29).ConclusionThe adherence to an ideal clinical pathway of pregnancy management in women with RA restored the risk of APO to that expected for the general population.
The Endogenous Plasma Small RNAome of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ormseth Michelle J. , Solus Joseph F. , Sheng Quanhu , Ye Fei , Song Haocan , Wu Qiong , Guo Yan , Oeser Annette M. , Allen Ryan M. , Vickers Kasey C. , Stein C. Michael 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveSmall RNA (sRNA) sequencing has revealed new sRNA classes beyond microRNAs (miRNAs). These sRNAs can regulate genes and act as biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine if the endogenous plasma sRNA landscape is altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with control subjects and to determine its association with disease‐related parameters in RA.MethodssRNA sequencing was performed on plasma from 165 RA and 90 control subjects who were frequency‐matched for age, race, and sex. Endogenous sRNAs, such as miRNAs, isomiRs, sRNAs derived from small nuclear RNAs (snDRs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoDRs), Y RNAs (yDRs), transfer‐derived RNAs (tDRs), long noncoding RNAs (lncDRs) as well as miscellaneous sRNAs (miscRNAs), were quantified using Tools for Integrative Genome analysis of Extracellular sRNAs (TIGER). Individual and categories of sRNAs were compared between RA and controls, and significantly altered sRNAs and sRNA categories were correlated with disease activity and general laboratory measures in RA.ResultsPatients with RA had more miRNAs (1.42‐fold, P = 0.01), more tDRs (1.14‐fold, P = 0.04), and fewer yDRs (−1.41‐fold, P = 0.009) compared with control subjects. Disease duration was inversely associated with yDRs. Disease‐related parameters, such as Disease Activity Score‐28 (DAS28), swollen joint count, and inflammatory markers were significantly positively associated with tDRs and miscRNAs, and miR‐22‐3p and related sequences and isomiRs were most significantly associated with DAS28.ConclusionEndogenous plasma sRNAs are altered in RA compared with control subjects. Although individual miRNAs have been well studied and many are excellent biomarkers in RA, several non‐miRNA sRNAs were significantly associated with disease‐related parameters as classes and may represent novel biomarkers for RA.
Transparent cap‐assisted, water‐exchange colonoscopy in previous incomplete difficult colonoscopy patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Lin Lien‐Fu , Huang Pi‐Teh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe reported rates of incomplete colonoscopy (IC) range from 4% to 25% for both screening and nonscreening colonoscopy. Colonic neoplasm can be found in up to 53% on successful repeat colonoscopy. Transparent cap‐assisted colonoscopy (TCAC) and water‐exchange colonoscopy (WEC) have been applied seperately for repeat colonoscopy in the setting of failed difficult colonoscopy, but combination of these two methods for previous incomplete difficult colonoscopy has not been reported. The aim of this study is to report the success rate, time‐to cecum duration, polyp detection rate, and any complications using the combined methods of TCAC and WEC for previous incomplete difficult colonoscopy. Eight cases of incomplete difficult colonoscopy were enrolled from November 2016 to October 2018. Water exchange method (air‐less colonoscopy) performed during insertion of Cap‐fitted colonoscope, and after reaching the cecum, CO2 was insufflated for examination during withdrawal. The mean age of all eight female patients was 59 years (39‐72 year). One patient had failed colonoscopy twice previously, four had previous abdominal surgery. Six cases were performed by gastroenterologists, and two by colorectal surgeons previously. The cecal intubation rate was 100% on repeat colonoscopy with the combined TCAC and WEC methods without complications. The mean duration time to reach the ceum was 12.5 minutes (6.8‐23.3 minutes). Out of the eight patients, four had colon polyps, all confined to proximal colon. Two patients have advanced colon adenoma. Combining cap‐assisted colonoscopy (TCAC), and water exchange colonoscopy (WEC) are useful in previous incomplete colonoscopy cases.
A Syrian patient with Steel syndrome due to compound heterozygous COL27A1 mutations with colobomata of the eye
Authors: Pölsler Laura , Schatz Ulrich A. , Simma Burkhard , Zschocke Johannes , Rudnik‐Schöneborn Sabine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe joint occurrence of short stature, congenital dislocation of the hip, carpal coalition, dislocation of the radial head, cavus deformity, scoliosis, and vertebral anomalies was first described in 1993 by Steel et al. (OMIM #615155) in 23 children from Puerto Rico. The condition is caused by a deficient matrix protein, collagen type XXVII alpha 1 chain, due to bi‐allelic loss of function mutations in the gene COL27A1. Outside of Puerto Rico, only four families have been described, in three of which the patients also had hearing loss. However, structural eye defects have not yet been reported in conjunction with this rare autosomal recessive syndrome. Here, we describe a 9‐year‐old girl born to nonconsanguineous Syrian parents with the characteristic features of Steel syndrome, including short stature, massive malalignment of large joints, kyphoscoliosis, hearing loss, and typical facial dysmorphism. However, she was also born with bilateral colobomata of the irides and choroido‐retinae with unilateral affection of the macula. Whole exome sequencing identified two pathogenic compound heterozygous variants in COL27A1: c.93del, p.(Phe32Leufs*71) and c.3075del, p.(Lys1026Argfs*33). There was no discernible alternative cause for the colobomata. Our findings might indicate an association of this exceptionally rare disorder caused by COL27A1 mutations with developmental defects of the eye from the anophthalmia/microphthalmia/coloboma spectrum.
Brief communication: Maximum ingested bite size in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Paciulli Lisa M. , Leischner Carissa , Lane Brooks A. , McCaughey Mary , Guertin Emily , Davis John , Eberth John F. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesPreviously, we found that maximum ingested bite size (Vb), the largest piece of food an animal can consume without biting it into smaller pieces first, isometrically scales relative to body size in strepsirrhines and with negative allometry in anthropoids. In the current study, we rectify the omission of great apes from the earlier sample to now characterize the Vb of the entire size‐range of the order.Materials and MethodsFive gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla—G. g. gorilla) were studied to ascertain Vb in relation to the mechanical properties of five foods.ResultsGorilla Vb ranged from 166.38 cm3 (for the least obdurate food: watermelon) to 8 cm3 (for the most obdurate food: turnip), with an average Vb of 33.50 cm3 across all food types.ConclusionsWhen these data were compared to those from our previous studies, we found that gorillas consumed relatively slightly smaller volumes of food compared to the trend found across primates. However, because the more frugivorous gorillas consumed relatively larger pieces of food than the large folivorous monkeys previously studied, including the gorilla data increased the slope of the linear regression between body mass and Vb in anthropoids. Thus, the addition of the largest living primate brings the anthropoid Vb trend closer to the Vb trend of the order. Notwithstanding, there is still negative allometry in anthropoid Vb, in contrast with the isometry in strepsirrhine Vb. Future research should include species with body masses between the smaller anthropoids and gorillas by studying the Vb of large papionids and the other great apes.
Evolvability in human postcranial traits across ecogeographic regions
Authors: Savell Kristen R. R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThough recent quantitative genetic analyses have indicated that directional selection appears to be acting on limb lengths and measures of body size in modern humans, these studies assume equal evolvability across modern human groups. However, differences in trait covariance structure due to ancient migration patterns and/or selection may limit the evolvability of populations further from Africa. This study therefore explores patterns of human evolvability across ecogeographic regions.Materials and MethodsMean evolvability, respondability, conditional evolvability, and autonomy were calculated from variance–covariance matrices of limb length and body size measures representing 14 human groups spanning four ecogeographic regions. Measures of evolvability were compared across groups and regions, and the minimum sample size, inaccuracy, and bias were calculated for each.ResultsWhen compared between regions, humans demonstrate significant differences between indices of evolvability across regions. Despite the relatively recent evolution of modern humans, several measures of evolvability show a strong negative correlation with latitude across regions, demonstrating a reduction in genetic variance that is potentially reflective of human migration and/or response to selection.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the importance of establishing patterns of evolvability prior to additional quantitative genetic analyses, and emphasize the influence of sample size on the accuracy of estimated evolvability measures. These findings also suggest that while modern human groups share similar covariance structures, there is evidence for emergent differentiation in evolvability and respondability between human groups across ecogeographic regions, further complicating our ability to apply results derived from modern human groups to ancient hominin lineages.
Two‐Step Oxidation Synthesis of Sulfur with a Red Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Wang Zhenguang , Zhang Chuanchuan , Wang Henggang , Xiong Yuan , Yang Xinjian , Shi Yu‐e , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSulfur is not normally considered a light‐emitting material, even though there have been reports of a dim luminescence of this compound in the blue‐to‐green spectral region. Now, it is shown how to make red‐emissive sulfur by a two‐step oxidation approach using elemental sulfur and Na2S as starting materials, with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 7.2 %. Polysulfide is formed first and is partially transformed into Na2S2O3 in the first step, and then turns back to elemental S in the second step. The elevated temperature and relatively oxygen‐deficient environment during the second step transforms Na2S2O3 into Na2SO3 incorporated with oxygen vacancies, thus resulting in the formation of a solid‐state powder consisting of elemental S embedded in Na2SO3. It shows aggregation‐induced emission properties, attributed to the influence of oxygen vacancies on the emission dynamics of sulfur by providing additional lower energy states that facilitate the radiative relaxation of excitons.
Impact of organoclays on the phase morphology and the compatibilization efficiency of immiscible poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blends
Authors: Saaoui Dalila , Benali Samira , Mincheva Rosica , Habi Abderrahmane , Dubois Philippe , Raquez Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTAdding nanofillers Cloisite 30B (C30B) and Cloisite 15A (C15A) to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) (70/30, wt/wt) blends via melt blending can improve their phase morphology and change their interface properties. The effects of the different selective localization of clay on the structure and the morphologies are studied and evaluated by theoretical and experimental methods. It is found that C30B is selectively localized in PET and at the PET‐PCL interface, whereas C15A is mainly localized at the interface. Moreover, the changes in the rheological behavior of the blends are attributed to the formation of clay network‐like structures. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron micrograph observations also evidenced an exfoliated and/or intercalated structure of C30B, and intercalated structure of C15A in the blend, together with significant morphology changes of the initially immiscible blend. The relative permeability to PET/PCL of the nanocomposites decreased with the increasing of nanoclays content. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48812.
Fabrication of oriented electrospun cellulose nanocrystals–polystyrene composite fibers on a rotating drum
Authors: Kalantari Mahsa , McDermott Mark , Ayranci Cagri , Boluk Yaman 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTNitrobenzene (CNC‐1), trifluoromethyl benzene (CNC‐2) modified and polystyrene‐grafted (CNC‐g) cellulose nanocrystals in polystyrene (PS)‐N,N dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions were electrospun and collected as stretched and aligned fibers on a rotating drum. Scanning electron microscope pictures showed significant alignment in the case of unmodified and nitrobenzene‐modified CNC‐1/PS nanocomposite fibers once the linear speed of rotor reached to 15 m s−1. Fiber diameter decrease was more strong with rotor speed increase in the case of trifluoromethyl benzene modified (CNC‐2) and polystyrene‐grafted (CNC‐g) cellulose nanocrystals/PS systems. Dynamic mechanical analysis including storage and elastic modulus of electrospun‐oriented fibers were performed on surface‐modified and polymer‐grafted CNC/PS samples. According to α transition peak, the increase in the glass‐transition temperature with filler concentration was the highest in polymer‐grafted CNC‐g/PS composite fibers. It was due to the interpenetration of grafted polymer brushes and free polymer chains in continuous phase and resulted in restrictions of motions of polymer chains in the PS matrix. The elastic moduli of nitrobenzene (CNC‐1) and trifluoromethyl benzene (CNC‐2)‐modified CNC‐filled PS composite fibers agreed well with percolation model, which indicates the CNC–CNC interactions and network formation with an increase in concentration. Magnitude of the elastic modulus of polymer grafted CNC‐g at 0.33 vol % in PS was significantly higher than the prediction from percolation theory. It was due the immobilized polymer chains around CNC‐g particles. However, grafted polymer chains, at higher CNC concentrations acted like stickers among CNC particles and caused CNC agglomerates with entrapped free polystyrene from the matrix, thus caused a decrease in the elastic modulus. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48942.