bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous characterization of multiple Psoraleae Fructus bioactive compounds in rat plasma by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for application in sex‐related differences in pharmacokinetics
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐xing , Yang Li , Cheng Li‐yuan , Yu Ying‐li , Song Lei , Zhou Kun , Wu Ying‐liang , Zhang Yue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 bioactive compounds (psoralen, isopsoralen, isobavachin, bakuchalcone, neobabaisoflavone, bavachin, corylin, psoralidin, isobavachalcone, bavachinin, corylifol A, bavachalcone, and bakuchiol) by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry has been developed and validated in rat plasma. Osthol was used as an internal standard and plasma samples were pretreated with one‐step liquid–liquid extraction. These analytes were separated using a gradient mobile phase system of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min on a reverse‐phase C18 column and analyzed in the selected multiple reactions monitoring mode. All calibration curves were linear (r > 0.9952) over the tested ranges. The intra‐ and interday accuracy and precisions of these analytes at three different concentration levels were within the acceptable limits of <15% at all concentrations. The mean recoveries of these analytes at three concentrations were more than 60.2% and the matrix effects were in the range of 85–115%. Stability studies proved that the analytes were stable under the tested conditions. The developed method was applied to evaluating the pharmacokinetic study of 13 bioactive compounds after oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus in rat of different genders. Some active compounds in Psoraleae Fructus had sex‐related pharmacokinetics.
The mediatory roles of species diversity and tree height diversity: Linking the impact of land‐use intensity to soil erosion
Authors: Wen Zhi , Zheng Hua , Zhao He , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLand‐use intensification has increased soil erosion through biodiversity loss, which affects ecosystem properties and services owing to changes in species compositional and structural diversity. However, information is limited on how land‐use intensity (LUI) affects soil erosion through species compositional diversity, structural diversity and ecosystem properties. In this study we monitored soil erosion in 15 plots over 12 consecutive months on tropical Hainan Island, where land‐use changes and biodiversity loss have been severe. We quantified the direct and indirect effects of LUI, species compositional diversity (plant species diversity and evenness) and structural diversity (tree diameter and height diversity), and ecosystem properties on soil erosion using Bayesian structural equation models (BSEM). The optimal BSEM accounted for 69% of the variation in soil erosion. The LUI did not affect soil erosion directly but showed indirect impacts via species diversity, tree height diversity, and ecosystem properties. Both high species diversity and tree height diversity reduced soil erosion directly and indirectly by promoting root length density (an ecosystem property), but tree height diversity mediated the more important indirect effect of LUI on soil erosion than species diversity and ecosystem properties. We provide evidence for loss of species diversity and tree height diversity as a result of LUI leading to aggravated soil erosion, but the impact of the latter was more serious. Therefore, we emphasize that maintenance of tree height diversity through management practices may be an effective approach to control soil erosion in the context of drastic land‐use changes in tropical areas.
Block Copolymer‐Directed Synthesis of Conjugated Polyimine Nanospheres with Multichambered Mesopores
Authors: Jiang Xiaolin , Ai Yan , Han Zhuolei , You Yuxiu , Luo Hao , Cui Jing , Wei Facai , Fu Jianwei , He Qingguo , Cheng Jiangong , Liu Shaohua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConjugated polyimines constructed from aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes have attracted enormous attention because of their excellent and fascinating properties. However, the structure of these materials constructed by building blocks or linkers is usually confined to a scope of microporosity and small mesopores (less than 5 nm), which largely impedes their applications in many fields. Here, a facile self‐assembly strategy is developed to controllably fabricate conjugated polyimines nanospheres with multichambered mesoporous architecture by using polystyrene‐b‐poly(acrylic acid) diblock copolymer as a soft template. Given the wide availability of amines and aldehydes, it is expected to open new avenues for designing diverse polyimine‐based materials with controlled mesostructure toward applications.
The in vitro antibacterial effect of permethrin and formaldehyde on Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nikolic Philip , Mudgil Poonam , Whitehall John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAntibiotic‐resistant strains of bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus are a threat to human health, and effective treatment options against them are needed. This study aimed to determine whether the insecticide permethrin was capable of inhibiting the growth of S. aureus or if some other component of a permethrin cream was responsible for a decrease in scabies associated bacterial infection previously observed. Ten S. aureus strains were grown in the presence of permethrin and formaldehyde both alone and in combination with percent inhibition determined by viable counts. Also, a time‐kill assay was conducted on S. aureus exposed to the same conditions. Finally, the morphology of S. aureus grown in the presence of permethrin was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial inhibition by permethrin ranged from 0% to 41% whereas inhibition by formaldehyde was 100%. The time‐kill curves of permethrin exposed cells were very similar to the positive growth control while the formaldehyde and combination exposure showed complete inhibition even at the 0‐hr time point. The scanning electron micrographs of permethrin grown S. aureus showed healthy cocci cells with no sign of cell damage. Our results show that permethrin is not capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria enough for it to be termed bactericidal. Formaldehyde is a known antiseptic and therefore was responsible for the antibacterial effect observed after the use of permethrin cream.
A novel variant of the IFITM5 gene within the 5′‐UTR causes neonatal transverse clavicular fracture: Expanding the genetic spectrum
Authors: Wu Dong , Wang Yuxin , Huang Huijuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is a rare heritable bone disorder caused by pathogenic variants of IFITM5. Only two mutated alleles in IFITM5 have been identified worldwide, the role of which in OI pathology is not fully understood.MethodsA neonatal case of suspected OI, clinically manifested as a rare clavicle transection fracture with delayed early fracture healing, was studied. Subtle variants of OI‐associated genes were analyzed by whole exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant of IFITM5 within the 5′‐UTR (c.‐9C > A) was discovered in the proband. Bioinformatics analysis using a combination of various algorithms predicted that the variant would generate a new in‐frame start codon 9 bp upstream of the original and express a mutant IFITM5 protein with three additional amino acids (Met‐Glu‐Pro). After transfection into a eukaryocyte in vitro, the mutant IFITM5 construct produced a longer transcription product than that of wild‐type IFITM5.ConclusionThis study identified a novel pathogenic variant of IFITM5, which not only manifested the molecular characteristics of IFITM5, but also provided new evidence for the study of the molecular mechanisms of IFITM5 association with OI.
Unilateral autologous breast reconstruction with unipedicled and bipedicled deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap: A review of 168 cases over 3 years
Authors: Lee Yoon Jae , Kim SeongAe , Moon Suk‐Ho , Jun Young Joon , Rhie Jong Won , Oh Deuk Young 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHarvesting a DIEP flap based on bipedicled perforators can enhance vascular perfusion, which can reduce complication rates, minimize fat necrosis, and flap failure. This study summarizes our experience with using unipedicled and bipedicled DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction.Patients and MethodsA total of 168 consecutive patients undergoing unilateral breast reconstruction with DIEP flaps over a 3‐year period were retrospectively reviewed. Primary microvascular anastomoses were performed to the thoracodorsal vessels in both unipedicled and bipedicled DIEP groups. In bipedicled DIEP flap cases, additional secondary microvascular anastomoses were performed either by extraflap or intraflap options. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were recorded.ResultsUnipedicled (n = 89; 53%) and bipedicled flaps were used. Both groups were comparable for mean age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and chemotherapy. BMI was 24.9 ± 3.6 in the unipedicled group and 22.8 ± 2.9 in the bipedicled group (p < .001). The surgical duration was longer in bipedicled group (367 ± 86.5 minu vs 403.7 ± 65.6 min, p < .05) but incidence of fat necrosis decreased in the bipedicle group (24 patients [27%] vs. 7 patients [8.9%] p < .05). There was no flap loss or instance of abdominal hernia in any group.ConclusionsThe bipedicled DIEP flaps may be a feasible option for large breast reconstruction in thin patients. However, the additional microsurgical technical complexity and longer operative time must be considered.
The importance of age as prognostic factor for the outcome of patients with hepatoblastoma: Analysis from the Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC) database
Authors: Haeberle Beate , Rangaswami Arun , Krailo Mark , Czauderna Piotr , Hiyama Eiso , Maibach Rudolf , Lopez‐Terrada Dolores , Aronson Daniel C. , Alaggio Rita , Ansari Marc , Malogolowkin Marcio H. , Perilongo Giorgio , O'Neill Allison F. , Trobaugh‐Lotrario Angela D. , Watanabe Kenichiro , Schmid Irene , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Yoshimura Kenichi , Hishiki Tomoro , Tanaka Yukichi , Piao Jin , Feng Yurong , Rinaldi Eugenia , Saraceno Davide , Derosa Marisa , Meyers Rebecka L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTreatment outcomes for hepatoblastoma have improved markedly in the contemporary treatment era, principally due to therapy intensification, with overall survival increasing from 35% in the 1970s to 90% at present. Unfortunately, these advancements are accompanied by an increased incidence of toxicities. A detailed analysis of age as a prognostic factor may support individualized risk‐based therapy stratification.MethodsWe evaluated 1605 patients with hepatoblastoma included in the CHIC database to assess the relationship between event‐free survival (EFS) and age at diagnosis. Further analysis included the age distribution of additional risk factors and the interaction of age with other known prognostic factors.ResultsRisk for an event increases progressively with increasing age at diagnosis. This pattern could not be attributed to the differential distribution of other known risk factors across age. Newborns and infants are not at increased risk of treatment failure. The interaction between age and other adverse risk factors demonstrates an attenuation of prognostic relevance with increasing age in the following categories: metastatic disease, AFP < 100 ng/mL, and tumor rupture.ConclusionRisk for an event increased with advancing age at diagnosis. Increased age attenuates the prognostic influence of metastatic disease, low AFP, and tumor rupture. Age could be used to modify recommended chemotherapy intensity.
Polylactic acid/Lignocellulosic residue composites compatibilized through a starch coating
Authors: Rocha Daniel Belchior , de Souza Alana Gabrieli , Szostak Marek , Rosa Derval dos Santos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of natural fiber residues as reinforcement in biodegradable composites has been performed; however, the incompatible interface limits the applications. In this work, the use of starch coating as a natural coupling agent was studied in three different natural residues: sugarcane bagasse, maçaranduba, and pinus wastes, aiming biodegradable composites. The coating in bagasse showed low efficiency, with low thickness and failures, due to residue intrinsic higher surface area; while the wood residues showed shorter fibers with uniform starch deposition. These results affected the compatibility between filler and matrix; while the bagasse composite showed voids and decrease in the mechanical properties; however, the maçaranduba and pinus showed an increase in the stiffness and strength. All the coated fiber composites showed stable thermal properties and an increase in the crystallinity in the coated samples. The addition of the natural filler resulted in a high water absorption with coated samples absorbing six times more water than neat PLA and without stabilization in a short time. This characteristic may favor the initial abiotic hydrolysis in the biodegradation, showing that the material could be an option to produce short‐life packaging in dry environments.
Patients with Symptomatic Hip Osteoarthritis Have Altered Kinematics during Stair Ambulation
Authors: Popovic Tijana , Samaan Michael A. , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila , Souza Richard B. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. Understanding contributing factors to slowing or stopping disease progression is crucial. There has been no research describing lower extremity kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle during stair ambulation in individuals with hip OA.ObjectiveTo explore the differences in lower extremity kinematics between participants with clinical and morphological findings of hip OA and controls.DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingClinical research laboratory.ParticipantsParticipants with radiographic and symptomatic signs of hip OA (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 30) were enrolled.InterventionsParticipants underwent hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with MRI (SHOMRI) method was used to assess cartilage abnormalities. Self‐reported measures of hip pain and function were obtained using the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). Participants were assigned into a symptomatic hip osteoarthritis group (HOA) with SHOMRI>0 and HOOS≤80, and a control group (CG) with SHOMRI = 0 and HOOS>90. Patients underwent 3D motion analysis during stair ascent/descent at self‐selected speed.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measurements were peak hip, knee, and ankle kinematics. General Estimation Equations were used to compare kinematics between groups (P ≤ .05).ResultsThe HOA group ascended stairs with a more internally rotated hip (CG = 1.77 ± 6.3; HOA = 4.97 ± 4.2; P = .02), more abducted hip (CG = ‐5 ± 2.7, HOA = ‐3.5 ± 3; P = .02), and a more externally rotated knee (CG = ‐8.02 ± 3; HOA = ‐10.63 ± 6.3; P = .02) and ankle (CG = ‐11.8 ± 6.1; HOA = ‐16.3 ± 5.6; P = .01). Similarly, HOA participants descended stairs with a more extended knee (CG = ‐15.5 ± 4.9; HOA = ‐12 ± 4.9; P = .01), and more externally rotated knee (CG = ‐10.1 ± 4.4; HOA = ‐13.1 ± 6.6; P = .04) and ankle (CG = ‐13.5 ± 5.3; HOA = ‐17.9 ± 5.5; P = .002).ConclusionParticipants with hip OA‐related morphology and symptoms ambulate stairs utilizing abnormal lower extremity mechanics.
SlARG2 contributes to MeJA‐induced defense responses to Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit
Authors: Min Dedong , Ai Wen , Zhou Jingxiang , Li Jiaozhuo , Zhang Xinhua , Li Zilong , Shi Zedong , Li Fujun , Li Xiaoan , Guo Yanyin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDArginase plays key roles in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐mediated quality maintenance in vegetables and fruits. MeJA treatment induced the Arginase 2 (SlARG2) expression, which is one of the most important encoding genes of arginase. In addition, the treatment with MeJA induced resistance to pathogenic infection in many plants. However, the functions of SlARG2 in MeJA‐induced defense to Botrytis cinerea are unclear. In our work, control and SlARG2‐silenced tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum) were treated with 0.05 mmoL L−1 MeJA before storage to assay the roles of SlARG2 in MeJA‐induced defense responses to Botrytis cinerea.RESULTSOur results indicated that MeJA treatment induced both pathogenesis‐related gene expression (PR1, PR2a, PR2b and PR3b), and the activity of defense‐related enzymes, as well as upregulated arginine metabolism. Compared to control fruits, the treatment with MeJA also induced the activity of arginase, arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and expression of SlARG2, SlADC, ornithine decarboxylase (SlODC) and SlOAT, and consequently increased the accumulation of arginine, proline, glutamate, putrescine and spermine. However, the induction effects by MeJA were significantly reduced in fruits in which SlARG2 was silenced and severe disease symptoms were observed.CONCLUSIONMeJA fumigation could inhibit disease development by inducing pathogenesis‐related gene expression (PR1, PR2a, PR2b and PR3b) and defense‐related enzymes activity, as well as upregulated arginine metabolism. In addition, SlARG2 silencing could inhibit the functions of MeJA in inducing the accumulation of the above substances. Overall, our study provided strong evidence that SlARG2 was essential for MeJA‐induced tomato fruit defense responses to Botrytis cinerea. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Computational study on the Rh‐catalyzed chemodivergent oxidative annulation of benzamides and enynes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Qingli , Zhu Zhenyuan , Wang Bingkai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms of Cp*Rh(OAc)2‐catalyzed coupling reaction of N‐methoxybenzamide with alkyl‐terminated enyne have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. With the addition of NaOAc, the product transforms from lactam P1 in reaction A to iminolactone P2 in reaction B due to the formed stable OAc− coordinated intermediate. The electronic effect accounts for the observed chemooselectivity in reaction B.
MGMS2: Membrane glycolipid mass spectrum simulator for polymicrobial samples
Authors: Ryu So Young , Wendt George A. , Ernst Robert K. , Goodlett David R. 
Published: May 2020

RationalePolymicrobial samples present unique challenges for mass spectrometric identification. A recently developed glycolipid technology has the potential to accurately identify individual bacterial species from polymicrobial samples. In order to develop and validate bacterial identification algorithms (e.g. machine learning) using this glycolipid technology, generating a large number of various polymicrobial samples can be beneficial, but it is costly and labor‐intensive. Here, we propose an alternative cost‐effective approach that generates realistic in silico polymicrobial glycolipid mass spectra.MethodsWe introduce MGMS2 (membrane glycolipid mass spectrum simulator) as a simulation software package that generates in silico polymicrobial membrane glycolipid matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectra. Unlike currently available simulation algorithms for polymicrobial mass spectra, the proposed algorithm considers errors in m/z values and variances of intensity values, occasions of missing signature ions, and noise peaks. To our knowledge, this is the first stand‐alone bacterial membrane glycolipid mass spectral simulator. MGMS2 software and its manual are freely available as an R package. An interactive MGSM2 app that helps users explore various simulation parameter options is also available.ResultsWe demonstrated the performance of MGSM2 using six microbes. The software generated in silico glycolipid mass spectra that are similar to real polymicrobial glycolipid mass spectra. The maximum correlation between in silico mass spectra generated by MGMS2 and the real polymicrobial mass spectrum was about 87%.ConclusionsWe anticipate that MGMS2, which considers spectrum‐to‐spectrum variation, will advance the bacterial algorithm development for polymicrobial samples.
Observer‐based cooperative distributed fault‐tolerant model predictive control with imperfect network communication and asynchronous measurements
Authors: Xiao Guannan , Liu Fei 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIntermittent actuator and sensor faults tolerant are simultaneously considered in a distributed control system with imperfect communication network. The asynchronous measurements of different output variables in one sampling period are synchronized through a novel two‐stage model‐based projection method. Different from centralized control network, in both layer‐to‐layer and in‐layer communication, the packet delay, loss and disordering are corrected by the predicted data from model predictive control. Moreover, a completely distributed state observer is established for both system states and sensor faults problem with bounded noise uncertainties. For the intermittent actuator faults, actuator plug‐and‐play design methods based on model predictive control has been introduced, making the actuator faults estimation omitted. The distributed stability conditions are derived for the proposed fault‐tolerant controller, and the online feasibility is explained in detail. Numerical simulation is given to verify the design procedure.
Experiences, activities, and personal characteristics as predictors of engagement in STEM‐focused summer programs
Authors: Schmidt Jennifer A. , Beymer Patrick N. , Rosenberg Joshua M. , Naftzger Neil N. , Shumow Lee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOut‐of‐school‐time programs for youth that are focused on STEM content are often seen as affording opportunities to increase youth engagement, interest, and knowledge in STEM domains, yet we know relatively little about how youth actually experience such programs. In this article, we explore how experiences and activities employed in the delivery of summer STEM programs are associated with youth engagement during programming, and whether youth characteristics moderate these relationships. Data were collected from 203 youth (ages 10–16) in nine summer programs using multiple methods including video, experience sampling, and surveys. Through the use of cross‐classified, multi‐level models, we found that youth reported higher engagement in program activities they perceived to be more challenging and relevant, and in activities, they perceived to have more affordances for learning or developing skills. Gender moderated these relationships such that the positive relationships observed among males were muted or nonexistent for girls. We further identify that program activities are differently associated with fostering challenge, relevance, and learning. Findings have implications for out‐of‐school STEM programming for youth.