bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pioneering Experience of Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Anterior Release of Severe Thoracic Scoliosis
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Min , Wu Kuan-Wen , Lin Mong-Wei , Kuo Ken N. , Chang Jia-Feng , Wang Ting-Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe optimal way to treat severe thoracic scoliosis remains controversial. Compared with conventional procedures, the uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UniVATS) rises in popularity in thoracic surgery because of less pain and faster recovery. This retrospective study aimed to apply UniVATS to treat severe thoracic scoliosis. Between October 2013 and March 2018, eight scoliotic patients with extremely large Cobb angle and profoundly limited flexibility underwent UniVATS for anterior release, followed by posterior instrumentation and fusion. The mean age at the time of surgery was 14.8 ± 2.4 years and the mean follow-up was 2.2 ± 1.3 years. The average levels of anterior thoracic discectomy and posterior fusion were 3.6 ± 0.7 and 11.5 ± 1.2, respectively. The mean coronal and sagittal correction rates were 70 ± 19% and 71 ± 23%, respectively. UniVATS contributed to minor access trauma (3-cm incision) with minimal blood loss, shorter operation time (75 ± 13 mins), less requirement of stay in the intensive care unit (0.3 ± 0.5 day) or chest tube placement (0.3 ± 0.7 day), speedier and narcotic-free recovery, and earlier ambulation within one day. This is the first study to assess the safety and efficacy of UniVATS in the treatment of severely stiff thoracic scoliosis, providing comparable surgical outcomes, less pain, faster recovery and superior cosmetic results without significant complications.
Circulating miR-206 and Wnt-signaling are associated with cardiovascular complications and a history of preeclampsia in women
Authors: Schlosser Kenny , Kaur Amanpreet , Dayan Natalie , Stewart Duncan J. , Pilote Louise , Delles Christian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. However, the molecular determinants underlying this risk remain unclear. We sought to understand how circulating miRNA levels are affected by prior PE, and related to biological pathways underpinning cardiovascular disease. RNA sequencing was used to profile plasma levels of 2578 miRNAs in a retrospective study of women with a history of PE or normotensive pregnancy, in two independent cohorts with either acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (n = 17–18/group) or no ACS (n = 20/group). Differential miRNA alterations were assessed in relation to a history of PE (within each cohort) or ACS (across cohorts), and compared with miRNAs previously reported to be altered during PE. A history of PE was associated with altered levels of 30 and 20 miRNAs in the ACS and non-ACS cohorts, respectively, whereas ACS exposure was associated with alterations in 259 miRNAs. MiR-206 was identified at the intersection of all comparisons relating to past/current PE and ACS exposure, and has previously been implicated in atherogenic activities related to hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Integration of all differentially altered miRNAs with their predicted and experimentally validated targets in silico revealed a number of highly targeted genes with potential atherogenic functions (including NFAT5, CCND2 and SMAD2), and one significantly enriched KEGG biological pathway (Wnt signaling) that was shared between all exposure groups. The present study provides novel insights into miRNAs, target genes and biological pathways that may underlie the long-term cardiovascular sequelae of PE.
Consistent transport properties in multicomponent two-temperature magnetized plasmas
Authors: Wargnier Q. , Alvarez Laguna A. , Scoggins J. B. , Mansour N. N. , Massot M. , Magin T. E. 
Published: January 2020

Aims.We present a fluid model that has been developed for multicomponent two-temperature magnetized plasmas in chemical non-equilibrium for the partially to fully ionized collisional regimes. We focus on transport phenomena with the aim of representing the atmosphere of the Sun.Methods.This study is based on an asymptotic fluid model for multicomponent plasmas derived from kinetic theory, yielding a rigorous description of the dissipative effects. The governing equations and consistent transport properties are obtained using a multiscale Chapman-Enskog perturbative solution to the Boltzmann equation based on a dimensional analysis. The mass disparity between free electrons and heavy particles is accounted for, as well as the influence of the electromagnetic field. We couple this model to the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic field and derive the generalized Ohm’s law for multicomponent plasmas. The model inherits a well-identified mathematical structure leading to an extended range of validity for the Sun’s atmospheric conditions. We compute consistent transport properties by means of a spectral Galerkin method using the Laguerre-Sonine polynomial approximation. Two non-vanishing polynomial terms are used when deriving the transport systems for electrons, whereas only one term is retained for heavy particles.Results.In a simplified framework where the plasma is fully ionized, we compare the transport properties for the lower solar atmosphere to conventional expressions for magnetized plasmas attributed to Braginskii, showing a good agreement between both results. For more general partially ionized conditions, representative of the lower solar atmosphere, we compute the muticomponent transport properties corresponding to the species diffusion velocities, heavy-particle and electron heat fluxes, and viscous stress tensor of the model for a helium-hydrogen mixture in local thermodynamic equilibrium. The model is assessed for the 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a pore at the Sun photosphere. The resistive term is found to dominate mainly the dynamics of the electric field at the pore location. The battery term for heavy particles appears to be higher at the pore location and at some intergranulation boundaries.
Consideration Factors in Application of Thermocouple Sensors for RCS Temperature Instrumentation
Authors: Hwang Inkoo , Cheon Sewoo , Park Wonman 
Published: January 2020

Because of harsh radiated environmental conditions, it is necessary to use thermocouples (TCs) in the temperature instrumentation channels of a reactor coolant system (RCS) in an integrated pressurized water reactor vessel. Conventionally, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) have been adopted for RCS temperature measurement.Therefore, we have conducted an analysis and review of instrumentation error factors in the measurement circuits of RTD and TC sensors to specify the influence on measurement accuracy for application of TCs instead of RTDs for RCS temperature instrumentation.From the review and analysis results, it is anticipated that a measurement accuracy deterioration would be an issue and that a drift range should be investigated for the anticipated operational temperature conditions.
Usage of multiple fission cells for neutron flux measurements during rod-insertion method
Authors: Lengar Igor , Rupnik Sebastjan , Žohar Andrej , Merljak Vid , Kromar Marjan , Snoj Luka 
Published: January 2020

The measurements of physical parameters of the TRIGA reactor and Nuclear power plant Krško (NEK) reactor cores have been in the past performed on hand of the neutron flux signal obtained from uncompensated ionization cells and by employment of the a digital meter of reactivity (DMR). At the TRIGA reactor only one ionization cell is currently used for flux measurements. During the insertion of one control rod the neutron flux distribution is significantly altered affecting the flux measurements of inserting different control rods. The problem is presently solved by assigning a correction factor to each control rod what introduces an additional uncertainty.
In the present paper the implementation of four fission cells for reactivity measurements is presented. In this way determining the correct gamma background and its subtraction, performed by DMR algorithms, becomes less important as previously by using ionization chambers. The larger number of detectors also reduces the flux redistribution effects on the signal during individual control rod movements.
Einfluss zentralnervös dämpfender Arzneimittel auf Stürze mit Verletzungsfolgen bei Menschen mit Demenz in Pflegeheimen
Authors: Lippert Theresa , Maas Renke , Fromm Martin F. , Luttenberger Katharina , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter , Pendergrass Anna , Gräßel Elmar 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziele der Studie waren einerseits die Erstellung einer Skala zur Erfassung zentral dämpfender bzw. aktivierender Wirkungen von Arzneimitteln sowie andererseits die Analyse der Fragestellung, ob dieser Summenwert bei Demenzerkrankten einen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit behandlungsbedürftigen Sturzereignissen aufweist. Explorativ wurde zusätzlich das Verschreibungsverhalten im Pflegeheim hinsichtlich PRISCUS-Liste, Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden List (ACB-Liste) und Psychopharmaka untersucht.
Methodik Es wurden Daten einer randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie zur Untersuchung der Wirksamkeit der nicht-medikamentösen multimodalen Gruppentherapie MAKS® bei 139 Personen mit degenerativer Demenz in 5 Pflegeheimen evaluiert. Alle zum Zeitpunkt Studienbeginn verschriebenen Arzneimittel wurden hinsichtlich ihrer dämpfenden bzw. aktivierenden Wirkung auf einer 5-stufigen Skala von 2 klinisch-pharmakologischen Experten bewertet: Von stark aktivierend (Wert+2) bis stark dämpfend (Wert − 2). Die so ermittelten Werte aller verschriebenen Arzneimittel wurden für jede Person zu einem „Dämpfungsscore“ aufaddiert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen „Dämpfungsscore“ und Sturzereignissen mit Verletzungsfolge in einem Zeitraum von 12 Monaten wurde mithilfe der binär-logistischen Regressionsanalyse untersucht.
Ergebnisse Knapp 30% aller Personen erhielten Arzneistoffe der PRISCUS-Liste, 50% bekamen einen Wirkstoff der ACB-Liste, 55% erhielten Psychopharmaka und 66% wurden mit mindestens fünf Arzneimitteln behandelt. 62% der Demenzerkrankten erhielten zentralnervös dämpfende Wirkstoffe. Im Beobachtungszeitraum kam es bei 36 der 139 Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner zu Sturzereignissen mit Verletzungsfolge. Der „Dämpfungsscore“ steht, multivariat analysiert, in signifikantem Zusammenhang (p=0,045) mit Sturzereignissen mit Verletzungsfolge. Eine stärkere zentralnervöse Dämpfung führte zu häufigeren Sturzereignissen.
Schlussfolgerung Der „Dämpfungsscore“ ist ein geeignetes Maß, um das Ausmaß der zentralnervösen Dämpfung zu beschreiben. Aufgrund des signifikanten Einflusses der Dämpfung auf Sturzereignisse mit Verletzungsfolge sollte bei der Medikation von Demenzerkrankten stärker darauf geachtet werden, möglichst wenig zentral dämpfende Arzneimittel einzusetzen, um das Risiko für relevante unerwünschte Wirkungen zu reduzieren.
Zur statistischen Untererfassung von Norovirus-Infektionen:
Erkenntnisse aus Daten von zwei Gesundheitsämtern
Authors: Hofmann Felix Martin , Michaelis Martina , Stößel Ulrich , Hofmann Friedrich 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Seit 2011 müssen dem Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) nach dem
Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) regelhaft nur noch labordiagnostisch bestätigte
Norovirus (NoV)-Gastroenteritisfälle, nicht aber z. B. klinisch-
epidemiologische gemeldet werden, weshalb sich die ohnehin schon bestehende
Untererfassung von NoV-Fällen in Deutschland deutlich verstärkt haben dürfte.
Fragestellung Um das Ausmaß der Untererfassung zu diskutieren, wird in diesem
Beitrag fallbeispielhaft dargestellt, inwieweit bei Gastroenteritisausbrüchen in
Krankenhäusern und Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen überhaupt labordiagnostische
Nachweise zur Klärung des Infektionsauslösers erfolgen. Interessant für die
Abschätzung der arbeitsmedizinischen Bedeutung von NoV-Gastroenteritis ist auch
der Anteil des erkrankten Personals.
Material und Methoden Von allen pseudonymisierten
Gastroenteritis-Ausbruchsdaten, die 2 lokalen Gesundheitsämtern zwischen 2011
und 2015 gemeldet wurden, wurde retrospektiv der Anteil labor-diagnostisch
bestätigter NoV-Ausbrüche und -Fälle einschließlich gemeldeter Beschäftigter in
Krankenhäusern und Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen (Altenpflegeheime,
Kindertagesstätten, Schulen) errechnet.
Ergebnisse Es wurde nur bei wenigen Gastroenteritisausbrüchen in
Kindertagesstätten eine ätiologische Erregerabklärung durchgeführt, weshalb nur
6% und weniger als NoV-Ausbrüche klassifiziert werden konnten. In
Altenpflegeheimen wurde rund die Hälfte der Ausbrüche NoV-klassifiziert, in
Krankenhäusern fast alle. Beschäftigte machten bei NoV-Ausbrüchen bis zu 23% der
Erkrankten aus.
Schlussfolgerungen Der geringe Umfang labordiagnostischer Untersuchungen
bei Gastroenteritisausbrüchen in Kindertagesstätten und Schulen impliziert eine
erhebliche Anzahl an versteckten NoV-Fällen. Aufgrund des Anteils infizierter
Beschäftigter in Ausbrüchen sollten NoV auch als arbeitsmedizinische
Fragestellung stärker in den Fokus gerückt werden. Weitere, größer angelegte
Prospektivstudien sind erforderlich, um diese ersten Erkenntnisse empirisch zu
untermauern.
Politische Umsetzung von Verhältnisprävention auf
Bevölkerungsebene: Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren
Authors: von Philipsborn Peter , Garlichs Dietrich , Wildner Manfred , Loss Julika 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungPolitische Rahmensetzungen können wesentlich zur Schaffung
gesundheitsförderlicher Lebensbedingungen beitragen. Lobbyismus,
fachpolitische Silos und kulturelle Gräben zwischen Wissenschaft und
Politik können eine Umsetzung ensprechender Maßnahmen
erschweren. Eine verbesserte Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit zwischen
Wissenschaft und Politik, die Einbindung der Öffentlichkeit und der
Aufbau zivilgesellschaftlicher Allianzen können helfen, diese
Hindernisse zu überwinden.
Efficacy of Homeopathy in Addition to a Multidisciplinary Intervention for Overweight or Obesity in Mexican Adolescents: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Macías-Cortés Emma , Arellano-Álvarez Saraí , Vega-Monroy Sandra , Vera-Pérez Violeta , Llanes-González Lidia , Sánchez-Navarrete Pilar , Enciso-González Dolores 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Current recommendations for treating obesity in adolescence include a comprehensive approach (nutritional, behavioral, and exercise). Calcarea carbonica ostrearum (CCO) is a homeopathic medicine usually prescribed in obese individuals, but its effects on weight and body fat are not completely known.
Objective The aim of this study will be to evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic CCO, in addition to a multidisciplinary intervention (diet, motivational support, and exercise program), on body fat and weight in obese adolescents.
Methods/Design A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, superiority trial with 3-month study duration will be undertaken. The study will be conducted in a public research hospital in Mexico City, Hospital Juárez de México, in the outpatient services of homeopathy and sports medicine. Eighty non-diabetic adolescents, 12 to 19 years old, who are overweight or obese, will be included. The primary outcome: change in body fat percentage at week 12. The secondary outcomes: change in mean total weight, total body mass index, fat mass index, waist–hip ratio, lean muscle mass, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, lipid profile, score of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) and score of Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) at week 12. Efficacy data will be analyzed in the intention-to-treat sample. To determine the difference in the outcomes between groups at baseline and week 12, data will be analyzed using Student's t-test.
Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the fat-reducing efficacy in obese adolescents of a homeopathic medicine, CCO, given in addition to a multidisciplinary intervention, compared with placebo plus the same intervention. It is an attempt to support scientific evidence in homeopathy for one of the most common chronic diseases, which causes high mortality due to its complications.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03945396 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03945396?term=homeopathy+for+obesity+in+Mexican+adolescents&rank=1
Elongated styloid process - a cause for cervical pain
Authors: Sumathi S. , Sivakami T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe normal length of the styloid process is 20-25 mms. A diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome is made when the styloid process measures more than 30 mms.The symptomatology associated with an elongated styloid process is called Eagle's syndrome. Abnormal elongation of styloid process causes compression of important neurovascular structures situated in close relation to it resulting in chronic neck pain, referred pain to the ear, jaw and orbit, and globus hystericus. We report here two cases of elongated styloid processes found during our routine osteology demonstrations. The etiopathogenesis and clinical implications of an elongated styloid process are discussed.
Rehumanizing the migrant: the translated past as a resource for refashioning the contemporary discourse of the (radical) left
Authors: Baker Mona 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study examines conceptions of outsiders to the polity, focusing on the lexical items migrant(s), refugee(s), and exile(s) in both internet- and print-based sources. Drawing primarily on a subsection of the Genealogies Internet Corpus consisting of left-wing sources, I argue that left-wing politics is currently caught up in the rhetoric of the right and of mainstream institutions in society, largely reproducing the same discursive patterns even as it sets out to challenge them. Dominant patterns in left-wing Internet sources reveal, for example, that the economic migrant vs. political refugee distinction enforced by mainstream institutions remains largely intact, that the assumption of a “refugee crisis” unfolding in Europe is accepted at face value, and that the left is entangled in the same politics of labeling imposed by the right, reproducing designations such as “undocumented migrants” uncritically. Refugees and migrants, moreover, are represented as victims with no agency, are discussed in legal terms that serve to dehumanize them, and are repeatedly “quantified” as a homogenous and potentially problematic category. Acknowledging the contagious nature of dominant discourses and the difficulty of finding an alternative language with which to argue against established institutional rhetoric, the study further explores historical models that appear more consistent with the values espoused by left-wing politics today. It examines a subcorpus of modern English translations of ancient Greek texts such as Thucydides’ The Peloponnesian War and Herodotus’s Histories to demonstrate the viability of adopting a different conceptualization of refugees and other outsiders to the polity that may be drawn from classical antiquity—and/or from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century receptions of texts originating in classical antiquity—and the possibility of developing an alternative discourse with which to speak about migrants in the present.
Declines in an abundant aquatic insect, the burrowing mayfly, across major North American waterways
Authors: Stepanian Phillip M. , Entrekin Sally A. , Wainwright Charlotte E. , Mirkovic Djordje , Tank Jennifer L. , Kelly Jeffrey F. 
Published: January 2020

SignificanceThe annual appearance of massive mayfly swarms is a source of public fascination and spectacular natural phenomenon that plays a key role in regional food webs. Alarming reports of insect declines motivate efforts to uncover long-term and large-scale invertebrate population trends. Monitoring aquatic insect abundance across ecosystems continues to be logistically infeasible, leaving the vulnerability of these communities to intensifying anthropogenic impacts unknown. We apply radar remote sensing to quantify aquatic insect abundance at scales that have been previously impossible, revealing persistent declines in biomass flux from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. As ecological indicators, these losses may signal deterioration in water quality and, if current population trends continue, could cascade to widespread disappearance from some of North America’s largest waterways.
Tradeoffs in the evolution of plant farming by ants
Authors: Chomicki Guillaume , Kadereit Gudrun , Renner Susanne S. , Kiers E. Toby 
Published: January 2020

Significance
In human cultivation systems, farmers increasingly use technology to gather data for evaluating tradeoffs between diverse—and sometimes conflicting—crop requirements to maximize yield. Some social insects have also evolved agricultural practices, but it is unknown how they evaluate local conditions to balance conflicting crop requirements. In the obligate farming symbiosis between ants and plants in Fijian rainforests, we show how ant farmers also face key tradeoffs in crop cultivation. While ants cannot simultaneously maximize all services to their crops, our work demonstrates that they cultivate crops in high-light conditions to maximize floral food rewards, despite the nitrogen costs of this strategy. Evaluation of crop tradeoffs plays a key role in the evolution of farming strategies.
A computational modelof phonotactic acquisition
Authors: Szabó Ildikó Emese 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a model that connects phonotactic exceptionality to perceptibility, more specifically to functional load and acoustic detail. I identify two patterns in exceptionality: lexical exceptions and phonotactic vacillation, where the former is restricted to specific lexical items, while the latter affects two contrastive sound categories as a whole. Through the example of Hungarian word-final phonotactics, the Model of Perceptual Categorization associates these two patterns with different functional load and acoustic properties of contrasts, that lead to two categorizational malfunctions. On the one hand, phonotactic vacillation is a result of a frequent failure to categorize ambiguous tokens: low functional load coinciding with little acoustic difference. On the other hand, lexical exceptions are systematic categorizational mistakes brought about by salient categories – in this case distributional generalizations are hindered by interference from mislabeled tokens.
Conditions on the variable interpretation of |U| in Japanese
Authors: Backley Phillip , Nasukawa Kuniya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the historical and phonological properties of h in Japanese. It shows that,
by analysing a specific case of segmental variation, we not only deepen our understanding of the sound which varies but also shed
light on some general characteristics of the sound system as a whole. Using an Element Theory approach (Anderson and Jones 1974; Kaye et al. 1985;
Harris and Lindsey 1995; Scheer 1999;
Nasukawa 2005; Cyran 2010; Backley 2011), the discussion focuses on the distribution of the element |U|, arguing
that |U| is naturally weak in Japanese. This helps explain two idiosyncrasies in Japanese phonology – the restricted distribution
of labial consonants and rounded vowels, and the patterning of h with labials.
In modern Japanese, labiality is phonologically and phonetically weak. In vowels, u and
w are produced without lip rounding, as unrounded [ɯ] and [ɰ]. And in consonants, the labial stop
p is banned from certain contexts. These facts point to the inherent weakness of |U| in Japanese, where
weakness refers to structural headedness; following Backley and Nasukawa (2009), it is
assumed that labials are represented by headed |U| (cf. non-headed |U| in velars). To account for the restricted distribution of
labials, it is argued that labiality (headed |U|) is only realised in Japanese if a specific structural
condition is met: |U| must co-occur with (i.e. be supported by) another element from the same sub-group of ‘dark’ elements. Thus,
the paper exploits the natural division between dark elements {|A|, |U|, |L|} and light elements {|I|, |H|, |Ɂ|}.