bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El derecho a la libre prestación de servicios o libre circulación de capitales en la Unión Europea vs. la protección del consumidor nacional croata a la luz del asunto C-630/17 Anica Milivojević vs. Raiffeisenbank St. Stefan-Jagerberg-Wolfsberg Egen = The right to free provision of services or free movement of capital in the european union vs. the protection of the Croatian national consumer in the context of the case C-630/17 Anica Milivojević vs. Raiffeisenbank St. Stefan-Jagerberg-Wolfsberg Egen
Authors: Catalán Chamorro María José 
Published: March 2020

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se analiza el impacto que ha tenido la Ley de nulidad de los contratos de préstamo con elementos internacionales celebrados en la República de Croacia con un acreedor no autorizado y su confrontación con la normativa europea. Esto se realiza a través de las cuestiones prejudiciales planteadas por un Tribunal municipal croata sobre la afectación del derecho a la libre prestación de servicios y libre circulación de capitales en la Unión Europea; alteración de los fueros competenciales, extensión del concepto de consumidor a empresarios y la concepción de los derechos reales.Palabras clave: Derecho a la libre prestación de servicios, Reglamento 1215/2012, defensa de los consumidores y derecho real de hipoteca.Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of the Law on the nullity of loan contracts with international elements entered into in the Republic of Croatia with an unauthorised creditor and its confrontation with European regulations. This is done through prejudicial questions raised by a Croatian Municipal Court on the effect of the right to the free provision of services and free movement of capital in the European Union; alteration of the jurisdictional privileges, extension of the concept of consumer to entrepreneurs and the conception of mortgage rights. Keywords: Right to freedom to provide services, Regulation 1215/2012, consumer protection and mortgage liem.
Can harmonized time limits in European civil procedure enhance the effectiveness of the enforcement of EU Law? = Possono termini processuali armonizzati in materia civile incre-mentare l’ effettività nell’esecuzione del diritto dell’Unione Europea?
Authors: Chiapponi Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract: The article focuses on the judgment Al Bosco, rendered by the ECJ on 4th October 2018. Al Bosco gives a new insight as to how the ECJ interprets the following questions: firstly, it clarifies the relationship between the doctrine of extended effects and that of equivalent effects; secondly, it underlines the importance of the principle of legal certainty; finally, it addresses issues concerning the time limit for the enforcement of a provisional measure issued in a Member State other than the Member State in which enforcement is sought. Against such a background, I will examine the pos-sibility of introducing a uniform and autonomous concept of harmonized time limits within the EU.Keywords: Time limits, provisional measures, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and com-mercial matters, civil judicial cooperation, harmonisation.Riassunto: lo scritto è di commento alla sentenza “Al Bosco”, pronunciata dalla CGUE il 4 ottobre 2018. L’arresto in parola si segnala per il quid novi introdotto dalla Corte di Lussemburgo sull’interpretazione di talune questioni: inizialmente, chiarifica il rapporto tra il principio di estensione dell’efficacia e quello di equivalenza degli effetti; sottolinea, quindi, la centralità del principio di legalità giuridica. Affronta, da ultimo, talune problematiche relative all’applicazione del termine per l’esecuzione di una misura cautelare (un sequestro conservativo) in un contesto transfrontaliero. La sentenza mi fornisce lo spunto per svolgere alcune brevi considerazioni circa l’opportunità di valutare l’introduzione di un concetto autonomo ed uniforme di termini processuali armonizzati all’interno dell’Unione Europea. Parole chiave: termini processuali, misure cautelari, riconoscimento ed esecuzione di decisioni in materia civile e commerciale, cooperazione giudiziale in materia civile, armonizzazione.
Comparison of the Methods for Analyzing Rate- and Pressure-Transient Data from Multistage Hydraulically Fractured Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Atadeger Aykut , Batur Ela , Onur Mustafa , Thompson Leslie G. 
Published: March 2020

Summary
In this study, we provide a detailed review and comparison of the various graphical methods, available in the literature, to interpret/analyze rate- and pressure-transient data acquired from multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells (MHFHWs) completed in unconventional gas reservoirs. The methods reviewed in this study do not address complex transport mechanisms and complex fracture networks, but do address transient matrix linear flow (Ibrahim and Wattenbarger 2006; Nobakht and Clarkson 2012a, 2012b; Chen and Raghavan 2013) and boundary-dominated flow (BDF). The methods for BDF are the contacted-volume methods based on the ending times of linear flow (Wattenbarger et al. 1998; Behmanesh et al. 2015) and the flowing material-balance (FMB) methods. The Agarwal-Gardner FMB method (Agarwal et al. 1999) and the conventional FMB method involve plotting rate-normalized pseudopressure vs. material-balance pseudotime. We delineate the advantages and limitations associated with each method and identify the best methods of interpretation and analysis. Three different production modes—constant rate (CR), constant bottomhole pressure (BHP) (CBHP), and variable-rate BHP—are considered. For comparison, various synthetic test data sets generated from a high-resolution spectral gas simulator, which treats nonlinear gas flow rigorously and accurately to simulate rate-transient data, is used. Both synthetic noise-free and noisy-rate pressure-data sets considering wide ranges of initial reservoir pressure and BHP, as well as real-field data sets, are used to compare the methods. For linear flow, the Nobakht-Clarkson method (Nobakht and Clarkson 2012a, 2012b) yields the best results, although its use is tedious because it requires an iterative procedure. The Chen and Raghavan (2013) method for linear flow seems to provide results that are comparable with the Nobakht-Clarkson method (Nobakht and Clarkson 2012b) but does not require an iterative procedure. The Ibrahim-Wattenbarger method (Ibrahim and Wattenbarger 2006) for linear-flow analysis always overestimates flow capacity compared with the other methods. Among the methods that discuss the ending time of linear flow, it was found that the unit-impulse method from Behmanesh et al. (2015) provides the best results for predicting gas in place. For BDF, the results show that the Agarwal-Gardner FMB method (Agarwal et al. 1999) is quite vulnerable to the error in rate/pressure data, whereas the conventional FMB method is more robust to noise and provides more accurate estimates of gas in place.
Multiresolution Grid Connectivity-Based Transform for Efficient History Matching of Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Kim Hyunmin , Datta-Gupta Akhil 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Proper characterization of heterogeneous rock properties and hydraulic fracture parameters is essential for optimization of well spacing and reliable estimation of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) in unconventional reservoirs. High resolution characterization of matrix properties and complex fracture parameters require efficient history matching of well production and pressure response. We propose a novel reservoir model parameterization method to reduce the number of unknowns, regularize the ill-posed problem, and enhance the efficiency of history matching of unconventional reservoirs.
The proposed method makes a low-rank approximation of the spatial distribution of reservoir properties taking into account the varying model resolution of the matrix and hydraulic fractures. Typically, hydraulic fractures are represented with much higher resolution through local grid refinements compared to the matrix properties. In our approach, the spatial property distribution of both matrix and fractures is represented using a few parameters via a linear transformation with multiresolution basis functions. The parameters in transform domain are then updated during model calibrations, substantially reducing the number of unknowns. The multiresolution basis functions are constructed by using Eigen-decomposition of an adaptively coarsened grid Laplacian corresponding to the data resolution. Higher property resolution at the area of interest through the adaptive resolution control while keeping the original grid structure improves quality of history matching, reduces simulation runtime, and improves the efficiency of history matching.
We demonstrate the power and efficacy of our method using synthetic and field examples. First, we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed multiresolution parameterization by comparing it with traditional methods. For the field application, an unconventional tight oil reservoir model with a multistage hydraulic fractured well is calibrated using bottomhole pressure and water cut history data. The hydraulic fractures as well as the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) near the well are represented with higher grid resolution. In addition to matrix and fracture properties, the extent of the SRV and hydraulic fractures are also adjusted through history matching using a multiobjective genetic algorithm. The calibrated ensemble of models are used to obtain bounds of production forecast.
Our proposed method is designed to calibrate reservoir and fracture properties with higher resolution in regions that have improved data resolution and higher sensitivity to the well performance data, for example the SRV region and the hydraulic fractures. This leads to a fast and efficient history matching workflow and enables us to make optimal development/completion plans in a reasonable time frame.
The effect of dot size in random-dot stereograms on the results of stereoacuity measurements
Authors: Zhao Lingzhi , Wu Huang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the size of the dots in random-dot stereograms on the results of stereoacuity measurements. Methods A stereopsis measurement system was created using a phoropter and two 4K smartphones. Three dot sizes, including 1×1 pixel, 6×6 pixels, and 10×10 pixels (equivalent to 0.17min arc, 1 min arc and 1.68 min arc arc, respectively), were used to form random-dot arrays, and each test pattern had one Lea symbol hidden within it. The resulting stereograms were tested on 30 subjects with normal acuity and stereoacuity. Results Stereoacuity measured with the 1-pixel dots was significantly worse than that measured with the 6-pixel dots (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Z=-4.903, P <0.001) and the 10-pixel dots ( Z =-4.941, P <0.001). No significant difference was found between 6-pixel dot and 10-pixel dot stereograms ( Z =-1.000, P =0.317). Conclusion The size of the dots in random-dot stereograms affects the test results significantly when the dots are too small for the eye to resolve.
Potential value of serum Aspergillus IgG antibody detection in the diagnosis of invasive and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in non-agranulocytic patients
Authors: Yu Qihong , He Jingdong , Xing Bin , Li Xin , Qian Hongyu , Zhang Hong , Xu Meilin , Peng Haiying 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: At present, serum Aspergillus IgG and IgM antibody detection is mainly used in the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), but its value in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-agranulocytic patients is still unclear. IgM can be used as a marker of acute infection to help diagnose acute infection-related diseases. IgG is a marker of long-term infection and is used to assist in the diagnosis of pre-existing or chronic infection-related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the value of serum Aspergillus IgG and IgM antibody detection in the diagnosis of IPA and CPA in non-agranulocytic patients.Methods: Fifty-eight cases of pulmonary aspergillosis (37 IPA and 21 CPA cases), 15 cases of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and 50 cases in the healthy control group were collected. The serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan test (G test) was performed with a chromogenic method, and the galactomannan test (GM test) and Aspergillus IgG and IgM antibody detection were performed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all patients. The sensitivity and specificity, cut-off value and area under the curve (AUC) of Aspergillus IgG and IgM antibodies were further obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: The positive rate of the G test, Aspergillus IgG antibody detection and the GM test also showed notable differences among the IPA, CPA, community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and healthy groups (P = 0.006, P < 0.001 and P = 0.217, respectively). Only the positive rate of the GM test showed a significant difference between the IPA and CPA groups (P = 0.04). ROC curves indicated that Aspergillus IgG antibody detection had a higher specificity in the IPA group than in the CPA group (0.952). The detection of Aspergillus IgG antibody can preferably distinguish IPA from community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and healthy controls (sensitivity = 0.923, specificity = 0.459, cut-off value = 134.46, AUC = 0.727). It can also distinguish CPA from community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and healthy controls (sensitivity = 0.952, specificity = 0.692, cut-off value = 75.46, AUC = 0.873).Conclusions: Serum Aspergillus IgG antibody detection may have certain clinical value in the diagnosis of IPA and CPA in non-agranulocytic patients.
Identification of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Zhou Minwen , Lu Bing , Tan Wei , Fu Mingshui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by a progressive permanent degeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGCs) death. An increasing number of studies have suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have the ability to regulate gene expression; however, thus far, the mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in the development of POAG are still unclear. Methods: Using the data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), differentially expressed lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs between POAG patients and controls were identified. Then, the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and the key lncRNAs in POAG were identified. A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to assess the enriched biological functions of mRNA in the ceRNA network. Results: During this study, a POAG-related ceRNA network with 37 miRNA nodes, 248 lncRNA nodes, 178 mRNA nodes, and 1985 edges was constructed. In addition, four lncRNAs (DNAJC27-AS1, AF121898, OIP5-AS1, and SNX29P2) were established as hub RNAs in this ceRNA network. The functional assay showed that 18 GO terms and 17 pathways were enriched. Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into the lncRNA‑related ceRNA network in POAG, and the four lncRNAs were identified in the development of POAG.
Functional parameters indicative of Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Systematic Review using Instrumented Kinematic Assessment
Authors: Fuentes-Abolafio Iván José , Stubbs Brendon , Pérez-Belmonte Luis Miguel , Bernal-López María Rosa , Gómez-Huelgas Ricardo , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) experience alterations of functional parameters, such as impaired balance or gait. The current systematic review set out to investigate whether functional objective performance may predict a future risk of MCI; to compare functional objective parameters in people with MCI and a control group; and to assess changes in these parameters after different physical activity interventions. Methods A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted. Literature were searched in PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro and Web of Science as well as grey literature databases. Cohort studies and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were included. Quality of reviewed studies were assessed independently by reviewers using quality assessment checklists. Results Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria including people with MCI. Results from RCTs suggested that gait speed, gait variability and balance may be improved by different physical activity interventions. Cohort studies showed that gait speed,especially in Dual Task (DT) conditions, was the parameter impaired in people with MCI in comparison with a Control Gorup. Furthermore, cohort studies suggested that gait variability could be a predictor of MCI. However, RCTs showed an unclear risk of bias and all studies included in this systematic review reported a low quality of evidence. Conclusions Studies suggest that gait variability may predict incident MCI, moreover different gait parameters, especially during DT conditions, could be impaired in MCI. These parameters could be improved by some physical activity interventions. Further studies are required to refute our findings. PROSPERO: CRD42019119180.
A multiplex guide RNA expression system and its efficacy for plant genome engineering
Authors: Oh Youngbin , Lee Bora , Kim Hyeonjin , Kim Sang-Gyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR system is composed of a Cas9 endonuclease (SpCas9) and a single-stranded guide RNA (gRNA) harboring a target-specific sequence. Theoretically, SpCas9 proteins could cleave as many targeted loci as gRNAs bind in a genome.Results: We introduce a PCR-free multiple gRNA cloning system for editing plant genomes. This method consists of two steps: (1) cloning the annealed products of two single-stranded oligonucleotide fragments harboring a complimentary target-binding sequence on each strand between tRNA and gRNA scaffold sequences in a pGRNA vector; and (2) assembling tRNA-gRNA units from several pGRNA vectors with a plant binary vector containing a SpCas9 expression cassette using the Golden Gate assembly method. We validated the editing efficiency and patterns of the multiplex gRNA expression system in wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata) protoplasts and in transformed plants by performing targeted deep sequencing. Two proximal cleavages by SpCas9-gRNA largely increased the editing efficiency and induced large deletions between two cleavage sites.Conclusions: This multiplex gRNA expression system enables high-throughput production of a single binary vector and increases the efficiency of plant genome editing.
Lung injury induced by short-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia and its mitigation by deferoxamine in rats
Authors: Wang Xiao-Xia , Sha Xiao-Lan , Li Yulan , Li Chun-Lan , Chen Su-Heng , Wang Jing-Jing , Xia ZhengYuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Long-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia can induce lung injury. General anesthesia is associated with a very high incidence of hyperoxaemia, despite it usually lasts for a relatively short period of time. It remains unclear whether short-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia has an adverse impact on or cause injury to the lungs. The present study aimed to assess whether short-term mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia may cause lung injury in rats and whether deferoxamine (DFO), a ferrous ion chelator, could mitigate such injury to the lungs and explore the possible mechanism. Methods: Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8/group): mechanical ventilated with normoxia group (MV group, FiO2=21%), with hyperoxia group (HMV group, FiO2=90%), or with hyperoxia + DFO group (HMV+DFO group, FiO2=90%). Mechanical ventilation under different oxygen concentrations was given for 4 hours.The HMV+DFO group received continuous intravenous infusion of DFO at 200mg•kg-1•d-1, while the MV and HMV groups received an equal volume of normal saline. Carotid artery cannulation was carried out to monitor the blood gas parameters under mechanical ventilation for 2 hours and 4 hours, respectively, and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was calculated. After 4 hours ventilation, the right anterior lobe of the lung and BALF from the right lung was sampled for pathological and biochemical assays. Results: PaO2 in the HMV and HMV+DFO groups were significantly higher, but the PaO2/FiO2 ratio were significantly lower than those of the MV group (all p<0.01). The lung pathological scores and the wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) in the HMV and HMV+DFO groups were significantly higher than those of the MV group, but score and the W/D ratio were reduced by DFO (p<0.05). Biochemically, HMV resulted in significant reductions in SP-C, SP-D, and GR levels and elevation of XOD in both the Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the lung tissue homogenate, and all these changes were prevented or significantly reverted by DFO. Conclusions: Mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia for 4 hours induced oxidative injury of the lungs, accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the concentrations of SP-C and SP-D. DFO could mitigate such injury by lowering XOD activity and elevating GR activity.
Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice
Authors: Liu Yinlu , Chen Qi-Yu , Lee Jung Hyun , Li Xu-Hui , Yu Shengyuan , Zhuo Min 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays critical roles in migraine. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies have shown that CGRP and its receptors are expressed in cortical areas that are critical for pain perception including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex (IC). Recent studies reported that CGRP enhanced excitatory transmission in the ACC. However, little is known about the possible effect of CGRP on excitatory transmission in the IC. In the present study, we investigated the role of CGRP on synaptic transmission in the IC slices of adult male mice. Bath application of CGRP produced dose-dependent potentiation of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs). This potentiation was NMDA receptor (NMDAR) independent. After application of CGRP1 receptor antagonist CGRP8-37 or BIBN 4096, CGRP produced potentiation was significantly reduced. Paired-pulse facilitation was significantly decreased by CGRP, suggesting possible presynaptic mechanisms. Consistently, bath application of CGRP significantly increased the frequency of spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs). By contrast, amplitudes of sEPSCs and mEPSCs were not significantly affected. Finally, adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) and protein kinase A (PKA) are critical for CGRP-produced potentiation, since both selective AC1 inhibitor NB001 and the PKA inhibitor KT5720 completely blocked the potentiation. Our results provide direct evidence that CGRP contributes to synaptic potentiation in the IC, and the AC1 inhibitor NB001 may be beneficial for the treatment of migraine in the future.