bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the new ID-fungi plate using two types of reference libraries (Bruker and MSI) to identify fungi with the Bruker MALDI Biotyper
Authors: Heireman Laura , Patteet Sofie , Steyaert Sophia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuring the last decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized the diagnosis of fungal infections. Recently, a new Conidia ID-fungi plate (IDFP) medium was introduced to facilitate growth and sampling of fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the IDFP for fungal MALDI-TOF MS identification by comparison with a standard fungal growth medium using two reference libraries. A total of 75 filamentous fungal isolates (including 32 dermatophytes) were inoculated on IDFP and Sabouraud-gentamicin-chloramphenicol (SGC) agar and identified by MALDI-TOF MS using formic acid/acetonitrile extraction. Both the commercially available Bruker library (version 2.0) and the public available MSI web application (version 2018) were applied. For 15% of the isolates, a faster growth was noticed on IDFP compared to SGC. IDFP enhanced the performance of fungal identification compared to SGC for both MSI (increase of 16% identifications to genus and 5% to species level) and Bruker library (increase of 22% identifications to genus and 8% to species level). In total, only 73% of the tested isolates were present in the Bruker library compared to 92% for MSI library. No significant difference (P = 0.46) in MALDI score between IDFP and SGC was observed for the MSI library, but scores were significantly (P = 0.03) higher for IDFP when using Bruker library, potentially explained by the prevention of agar contamination by using IDFP since the Bruker database was created from liquid media. IDFP is a promising alternative growth medium for MALDI-TOF MS fungal identification which would strongly benefit from optimizing the Bruker reference library.
The Ep,i–Eiso correlation: type I gamma-ray bursts and the new classification method
Authors: Minaev P Y , Pozanenko A S 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe present the most extensive sample of 45 type I (short) and 275 type II (long) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known redshift to investigate the correlation between the rest-frame peak energy, Ep,i and the total isotropic equivalent energy, Eiso of the prompt emission (Amati relation). The Ep,i–Eiso correlation for type I bursts is found to be well distinguished from the one constructed for type II bursts and has a similar power-law index value, Ep,i$\propto E_\text{iso}^{~0.4}$, which possibly indicates the same emission mechanism of both GRB types. We show that the initial pulse complex (IPC) of type I bursts with an extended emission and regular type I bursts follow the same correlation. We obtain similar results for type II bursts associated with Ic supernovae and for regular type II bursts. Three possible outliers from the Ep,i–Eiso correlation for type II subsample are detected. Significant evolution of the Ep,i–Eiso correlation with redshift for type II bursts is not found. We suggest the new classification method, based on the Ep,i–Eiso correlation and introduce two parameters, $EH = E_\text{p,i,2} ~ E_\text{iso,51}^{~-0.4}$ and $EHD = E_\text{p,i,2} ~ E_\text{iso,51}^{~-0.4} ~ T_\text{90,i}^{~-0.5}$, where Ep,i,2 is the value of Ep,i parameter in units of 100 keV, Eiso,51 is the value of Eiso parameter in units of 1051 erg, and T90,i is the rest-frame duration in units of seconds. EHD is found to be the most reliable parameter for the blind type I/type II classification, which can be used to classify GRBs with no redshift.
Beyond Antibiotics: A Practical Guide for the Infectious Disease Physician to Treat Opioid Use Disorder in the Setting of Associated Infectious Diseases
Authors: Seval Nikhil , Eaton Ellen , Springer Sandra A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfections are a common cause of hospitalization for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), and hospital admissions are rising in the context of the worsening US opioid crisis. Infectious disease (ID) physicians are frequently the first point of medical contact for these patients. In this article, we discuss the integration of evidence-based management of OUD and patient-centered care of hospitalized persons with acute injection-related infections. We describe the following components of a comprehensive approach for OUD with inpatient ID consultations: (1) how to screen for OUD; (2) how to initiate the 3 US Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for OUD (buprenorphine, methadone, and extended-release naltrexone); (3) how to manage acute pain and opioid-related conditions; and (4) how to link and integrate ID and OUD treatment after hospital discharge. These strategies reduce unplanned discharges and increase completion of recommended antimicrobial regimens.
Minimally Invasive Navigated Foraminal Discectomy via Contralateral Approach Using a 3-Dimensional 4K High-Definition Exoscope: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Oren Jonathan , Kwan Kevin , Schneider Julia , Levine Mitchell , Langer David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This surgical video is the first to demonstrate a novel minimally invasive technique of utilization of surgically navigated foraminal discectomy using a 3-dimensional 4k high-definition exoscope (Sony Olympus). Typical approaches for foraminal disc herniations may involve violation of the facet resulting in subsequent destabilization requiring fusion.
1
Although minimally invasive facet-sparing contralateral techniques have previously been described,
2
there is continued limitations stemming from rudimentary localization with standard fluoroscopy and impaired visualization with the bulky traditional operative microscope.
3
We demonstrate that high-quality real-time navigation is possible using standard Iso-C intraoperative fluoroscopy for 3-dimensional reconstructions, allowing for intraoperative routing. Navigation is particularly advantageous for adjustments in the trajectory of the tubular retractor and for confirmation of complete foraminal decompression. Visualization from the 4k high-definition exoscope also allows for an unparalleled view of the narrow operative corridor and allows for participation from the operative team. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the surgery in its entirety.
A PHANTOM STUDY SHOWING THE IMPORTANCE OF BREAST SHIELDING DURING HEAD CT
Authors: Zalokar Nika , Mekiš Nejc 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dose to the breasts during head computed tomography (CT) if lead shielding is used. The study was performed in two major hospitals using helical and axial protocols on an anthropomorphic phantom. Measurements were performed with and without the use of a lead shield of 0.5 mm equivalent density. The results showed a significant decrease in dose with the lead shielding in both hospitals. During the helical protocol, the use of shielding significantly reduced the dose by 96% in Hospital A and 82% in Hospital B. The dose reduction during axial protocol was also significant: 95% in Hospital A and 86% in Hospital B with lead shielding. Considering the significant dose reduction of 82% up to 96% during this study, we highly recommend the shielding of breasts regardless of the protocol used during head CT examinations.
Old, older, the oldest: red blood cell storage and the potential harm of using older red blood cell concentrates
Authors: Baron David M. , Lei Chong , Berra Lorenzo 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Over the last decades, clinical studies have suggested that transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) might negatively impact patient outcomes. Even though large randomized clinical trials did not show differences in mortality when transfusing fresh versus standard-issue RBC units, data imply that RBCs at the very end of storage could elicit negative effects.

Recent findings
Certain alterations of RBCs during cold storage -- such as an increase of potassium and lactate in the storage solution -- have been discovered a century ago. In recent years, proteomic and metabolomic studies have shed more light into pathophysiological changes of RBCs during storage and have helped to specify the definition of old blood. These advancements are now utilized to increase the quality of stored RBCs and devise therapeutic strategies (e.g. nitric oxide, haptoglobin, or reduction of the iron load) when transfusing old blood.

Summary
Further research to improve the quality of RBC units and to study populations potentially at risk is warranted. Until the question whether transfusion of old blood is detrimental for specific patient populations has been answered, a deliberate use of RBC transfusion should be implemented.
Predatory journals and conferences: why fake counts
Authors: Cortegiani Andrea , Manca Andrea , Giarratano Antonino 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Predatory publishing poses a serious educational end ethical threat to the credibility of science. The aim of this review is to discuss the main features of this deceptive open-access model, its potential consequences and relevance for the whole scientific community.

Recent findings
Recent reports showed that scholars and clinicians from all research fields, including anesthesiology, are facing an alarming invasion of predatory journals and, more recently, fake conferences. This review discusses key elements of these phenomena and proposes countermeasures to tackle the problem.

Summary
Predatory journals and conferences are two sides of the same coin. As here reviewed, their deceptive practices have negative implications for scientists and clinicians, both educational and ethical. These range from publication of experimental data that are unreliable and poorly verified to inflated curricula and ‘doped’ academic careers. Because clinical practice is heavily based on research data, a solution is needed to ultimately ensure patients’ safety.
The Impact of Spatial Distribution of Pain on Long-Term Trajectories for Chronic Pain Outcomes After Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment
Authors: Williams Sara E. , Homan Kendra J. , Crowley Susan L. , Pruitt David W. , Collins Andrew B. , Deet Emily T. , Samuel Nicole D. , John Abigail , Banner Katherine , Rose John B. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Evidence for the effectiveness of intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) for pediatric chronic pain is growing; however, little research has considered factors that contribute to differences in patients’ treatment response. The present study utilized multilevel modeling to examine trajectory of change over time in functional disability from clinic assessment to 6-month follow-up in pediatric patients participating in IIPT, considering spatial distribution of pain, coping efficacy, and pain intensity.

Materials and Methods:
Participants included 110 pediatric patients (M
age=14.65, SD=2.37; localized pain, 27.3%; widespread pain, 72.7%) consecutively admitted into IIPT. Patients completed self-report measures of functional disability, pain intensity, and coping efficacy at pretreatment assessment, admission, weekly during IIPT, discharge, and several follow-ups.

Results:
Analysis identified a model with 3 three-way interactions, including time, time squared, pain intensity, coping efficacy, and pain distribution, on functional disability. The spatial distribution of pain had the greatest impact on treatment trajectory in patients with widespread pain, high pain intensity, and poor coping efficacy; these patients demonstrated greater functional disability compared with patients with localized pain. In addition, patients with widespread pain and poor coping efficacy had the most functional disability across all levels of pain intensity. Patients with localized pain and poor coping efficacy demonstrated initial treatment gains, but evidenced an increase in functional disability at follow-up.

Discussion:
Overall, spatial distribution of pain, coping efficacy, and pain intensity played an important role in patients’ response to treatment. Better understanding of these variables could improve treatment response, particularly for the most severely disabled chronic pain patients.
Physiological Signatures of Brain Death Uncovered by Intracranial Multimodal Neuromonitoring
Authors: Rajagopalan Swarna , Cruz Navarro Jovany , Baghshomali Sanam , Kirschen Matthew , Greer David , Kofke W. Andrew , Balu Ramani 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The physiological and neurochemical changes that accompany brain death are not well described.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective observational study of patients with acute brain injury who underwent intracranial multimodality neuromonitoring between October 2015 and June 2018. Patients were included for analysis either if brain death was diagnosed or refractory intracranial hypertension with persistent equalization of intracranial pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) developed.

Results:
Of 114 patients who underwent invasive neuromonitoring, 11 cases with MAP/ICP equalization were identified. Of those, 9 were declared brain dead based on accepted national and institutional criteria. An additional 2 cases with MAP/ICP equalization who died after withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies were identified. Of the 11 identified patients, 10 had continuous monitoring data available for analysis. Cerebral microdialysis data were available for 4 patients.
In the 10 cases with available continuous data, ICP/MAP equalization was associated with marked reduction of cerebral blood flow and brain tissue oxygen tension to near zero levels as well as a significant decrease in brain temperature compared with body temperature. In the 4 patients with microdialysis monitoring, ICP/MAP equalization resulted in a near complete depletion of cerebral glucose and pyruvate, as well as a marked rise in cerebral glycerol. Finally, ICP/MAP equalization was accompanied by complete loss of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity, decrease in intracranial pulse pressure, and a paradoxical improvement of ICP waveform morphology.

Conclusions:
A characteristic set of changes in cerebrovascular physiology and neurochemistry occurs during brain death. These changes can be identified by intracranial neuromonitoring.
Seromas Following Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery: Is Operative Management Necessary?
Authors: Yu James , Dumaine Anne M. , Poe-Kochert Connie , Thompson George H. , Mistovich R. Justin 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Seromas are known complications after pediatric spinal deformity surgery. Although many surgeons perform an early debridement to prevent deep surgical site infections (SSIs), a less invasive approach to seroma management has not been studied. We hypothesized that a conservative approach to seroma management would be safe and yield equivalent outcomes.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of patients who developed a postoperative seroma with or without nonpurulent drainage. Inclusion criteria were patients below 21 years who underwent primary posterior spinal fusion from 1996 to 2016 and developed a postoperative wound seroma. Seromas were clinically defined as an afebrile patient with a fluid collection that was soft and nontender to palpation and without induration or erythema. Growing spine surgeries and revision procedures were excluded from this study.

Results:
Twenty-five of 790 total patients with a mean follow-up of 57.8 months (±48.5 mo) developed a seroma. Seromas were identified at a mean of 13.6 days postoperatively and resolved after a mean of 12.2 days following the presentation. Seromas occurred in 12 patients with idiopathic scoliosis, 12 with neuromuscular scoliosis, and 1 patient with Scheuermann kyphosis. All cases were managed conservatively with monitoring of the incision without an operative procedure. In cases of spontaneous drainage, a sterile dressing was applied to the wound and changed as needed until drainage ceased. Two patients underwent bedside needle aspiration and 5 patients received prophylactic antibiotics at the treating surgeon’s discretion. All cases resolved spontaneously without development of an acute SSI. Three cases subsequently developed a late SSI (range, 18 to 38 mo postoperatively). Two had idiopathic scoliosis and 1 had neuromuscular scoliosis. None of these seromas drained spontaneously.

Conclusions:
Conservative management of postoperative seromas after pediatric spinal deformity surgery is appropriate. It is unclear if seromas contributed to the development of the 3 late infections. Further studies are needed regarding the relationship of late infections in seroma patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
A Systematic Approach to Perioperative Smoking Cessation
Authors: Davis James M. , Thomas Leah C. , Dirkes Jillian E.H. , Aronson Solomon 
Published: December 2019

Background:
There is compelling evidence that smoking leads to poor postoperative outcomes including increased incidence of wound infection, respiratory infection, sepsis, cardiac arrest, and mortality. There is also compelling evidence that smoking cessation before surgery leads to improved outcomes. A recent meta-analysis found that brief smoking interventions may be insufficient to change postoperative outcomes. However, more intensive evidence-based smoking cessation interventions do improve postoperative outcomes and lead to long-term smoking abstinence. From a healthcare perspective, this raises a question of how to best provide effective perioperative smoking cessation treatment to a population.

Methods:
Duke University Health System recently developed a systematic approach to perioperative smoking cessation. In this report, we outline evidence-based principles for perioperative smoking cessation and describe initial results from a perioperative smoking cessation program.

Results:
In the first 100 days of the Duke Perioperative Smoking Cessation Program, we received 420 referrals. Participants had a mean pack-year history of 50.3 (packs/day×years smoking; SD 32.5), a mean Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score of 4.5 (SD 2.5), and a mean expired breath carbon monoxide of 11.8 (SD 7.5) parts per million. Mean days from initial perioperative smoking cessation visit to surgery was 21.4 (SD 22.3).

Discussion:
This model of perioperative smoking cessation is in the early stages of development; however, evidence-based perioperative smoking cessation services can be effective across a health system.
Favorable Outcomes of a Direct Heart Transplantation Strategy in Selected Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Authors: Coutance Guillaume , Jacob Nicolas , Demondion Pierre , Nguyen Lee S. , Bouglé Adrien , Bréchot Nicolas , Varnous Shaida , Leprince Pascal , Combes Alain , Lebreton Guillaume 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Heart transplantation in patients supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been associated with poor prognosis. A specific protocol for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management encompassing patient selection, implantation strategy, and preoperative and perioperative treatment is applied at our institution. Our aim was to compare posttransplant outcomes of patients supported or not by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the time of heart transplantation.

Design:
A large observational single-center retrospective study was conducted. The primary endpoint was overall survival after heart transplantation. Secondary endpoints included death-censored rejection-free survival and the frequency of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related complications.

Setting:
One heart transplantation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation high-volume center.

Patients:
All consecutive patients over 18 years old with a first noncombined heart transplantation performed between 2012 and 2016 were included.

Interventions:
None (retrospective observational study).

Measurements and Main Results:
Among the 415 transplanted patients, 118 (28.4%) were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the time of transplantation (peripheral, 94%; intrathoracic, 6%). Median time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before heart transplantation was 9 days (interquartile range, 5–15 d) and median follow-up post heart transplantation was 20.7 months. Posttransplant survival did not differ significantly between the two groups (1-yr survival = 85.5% and 80.7% in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation vs nonextracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients; hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.43–1.11; p = 0.12, respectively). Donor age, body mass index, creatinine clearance, and ischemic time were independently associated with overall mortality, but not extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the time of heart transplantation. Rejection-free survival also did not significantly differ between groups (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.60–1.23; p = 0.39). Local wound infection was the most frequent complication after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (37% of patients).

Conclusions:
With the implementation of a specific protocol, patients bridged to heart transplantation on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation had similar survival compared with those not supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Computational analysis of flow cytometry data in hematological malignancies: future clinical practice?
Authors: Duetz Carolien , Bachas Costa , Westers Theresia M. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
This review outlines the advancements that have been made in computational analysis for clinical flow cytometry data in hematological malignancies.

Recent findings
In recent years, computational analysis methods have been applied to clinical flow cytometry data of hematological malignancies with promising results. Most studies combined dimension reduction (principle component analysis) or clustering methods (FlowSOM, generalized mixture models) with machine learning classifiers (support vector machines, random forest). For diagnosis and classification of hematological malignancies, many studies have reported results concordant with manual expert analysis, including B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia detection and acute leukemia classification. Other studies, e.g. concerning diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes and classification of lymphoma, have shown to be able to increase diagnostic accuracy. With respect to treatment response monitoring, studies have focused on, for example, computational minimal residual disease detection in multiple myeloma and posttreatment classification of healthy or diseased in acute myeloid leukemia. The results of these studies are encouraging, although accurate relapse prediction remains challenging. To facilitate clinical implementation, collaboration and (prospective) validation in multicenter setting are necessary.

Summary
Computational analysis methods for clinical flow cytometry data hold the potential to increase ease of use, objectivity and accuracy in the clinical work-up of hematological malignancies.