bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: results of a multicentre European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) cutaneous lymphoma taskforce study on the clinico‐pathological and prognostic features
Authors: Kempf W. , Mitteldorf C. , Battistella M. , Willemze R. , Cerroni L. , Santucci M. , Geissinger E. , Jansen P. , Vermeer M.H. , Marschalko M. , Papadavid E. , Piris M.A. , Ortiz‐Romero P.L. , Novelli M. , Paulli M. , Quaglino P. , Ranki A. , Rodríguez Peralto J.L. , Wobser M. , Auschra B. , Robson A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTL NOS) is an aggressive, but poorly characterized neoplasm.ObjectivesThe European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer cutaneous lymphoma taskforce (EORTC CLTF) investigated 33 biopsies of 30 patients with primary cutaneous PTL NOS to analyse their clinical, histological, immunophenotypic features and outcome.MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical data and histopathological features by an expert panel.ResultsCutaneous PTL NOS manifested clinically either with solitary or disseminated rapidly grown ulcerated tumours or disseminated papulo‐nodular lesions. Histologically, a mostly diffuse or nodular infiltrate in the dermis and often extending into the subcutis was found. Epidermotropism was rarely present and only mild and focal. Unusual phenotypes were frequent, e.g. CD3+/CD4−/CD8− and CD3+/CD4+/CD8+. Moreover, 18% of the cases exhibited an aberrant expression of the B‐cell marker CD20 by the tumour cells. All solitary tumours were located on the limbs and presented a high expression of GATA‐3 but this did not correlate with outcome and therefore could not serve as a prognostic factor. The prognosis was shown to be generally poor with 10 of 30 patients (33%) dying of lymphoma within the follow‐up of 36 months (mean value; range 3–144). The survival rates were 61% after 3 years (CI, 43–85%) and 54% after 5 years (CI, 36–81%). Small to medium‐sized morphology of tumour cells was associated with a better outcome than medium to large or large tumour cells. Age, gender, clinical stage, CD4/CD8 phenotype and GATA‐3 expression were not associated with prognosis. Chemotherapy was the most common treatment modality, but surgical excision and/or radiotherapy may represent an appropriate first‐line treatment for solitary lesions.ConclusionsCutaneous PTL NOS shows an aggressive course in most patients independent of initial presentation, age and phenotype. Cytomorphology was identified as a prognostic factor. The data indicate a need for more effective treatment modalities in PTL NOS.
Impact of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling on ethanol‐induced changes in brain endothelial cell permeability
Authors: Laksitorini Marlyn D. , Yathindranath Vinith , Xiong Wei , Parkinson Fiona E. , Thliveris James A. , Miller Donald W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic exposure to ethanol is associated with enhanced leakiness in the brain microvessel endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier (BBB). As previous studies suggested Wnt/β‐catenin signaling could improve the BBB phenotype of brain endothelial cells, we examined the extent to which Wnt signaling is altered following ethanol exposure, using both a cell culture model of the BBB and mice exposed to ethanol, and the ability of Wnt activation to reverse the permeability effects of ethanol. The human brain endothelial cells, hCMEC/D3, were exposed to ethanol (17–200 mM) for various periods of time (0–96 hr) and Wnt signaling, as well as expression of downstream genes influencing BBB integrity in the cell monolayers were monitored. Determination of Wnt signaling in both brain homogenates and brain microvessels from mice exposed to ethanol was also performed. The effects of ethanol on the permeability of the hCMEC/D3 monolayers were examined using both small molecular weight (sodium fluorescein) and large molecular weight (IRdye 800CW PEG) fluorescent markers. Exposure of hCMEC/D3 to ethanol (50 mM) caused a down‐regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, a reduction of tight junction protein expression and up‐regulation of plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (PLVAP). A similar reduction in Wnt/β‐catenin activity in both cortical brain homogenates and isolated cortical cerebral microvessels were observed in mice. Other areas such as cerebellum and striatum displayed as much as 3–6 fold increases in Dkk‐1, an endogenous Wnt inhibitor. Ethanol exposure caused significant changes in both sodium fluorescein and IRdye 800CW PEG permeability (2‐fold compared to control). The ethanol‐induced increases in permeability were attenuated by treatment with known Wnt activators (i.e. LiCl or Wnt3a). Additional screens of CNS active agents with possible Wnt activity indicated fluoxetine could also prevent the permeability effects of ethanol. These studies suggest that ethanol‐induced changes in brain microvessel permeability can be reversed through activation of Wnt signaling.
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The European Portuguese version of the insomnia severity index
Authors: Clemente Vanda , Ruivo Marques Daniel , Miller‐Mendes Mariana , Morin Charles M. , Serra Joana , Allen Gomes Ana 
Published: September 2020

SummaryInsomnia is the most prevalent sleep complaint, but remains largely an unidentified public health issue. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is a brief self‐report questionnaire to assess insomnia, long‐established both in clinical and research settings. The present study aimed to analyse the reliability, validity, and accuracy of the ISI European Portuguese version. After the translation protocol, 1,274 participants (65.54% female), with a mean (SD, range) age of 37.52 (16.82, 18–95) years, completed the ISI. This sample included 250 patients with insomnia from a Sleep Medicine Centre, presenting a diagnosis of insomnia disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition), and 1,024 individuals from the community. A group of 30 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was also recruited. Cronbach’s α was 0.88 (internal consistency), and corrected item‐total correlations ranged from 0.56 to 0.83. An exploratory factor analysis (oblique rotation) revealed a two‐factor solution for both clinical and community samples. The ISI total score significantly differentiated insomnia disorder, no insomnia, and OSA subgroups with a large effect size (η 2 = 0.42). The correlation between ISI and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index supported concurrent validity (0.82), and discriminant validity was confirmed by a moderate correlation between ISI and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (0.32). The area under the curve was 0.88, and the optimal cut‐off to detect clinical insomnia was 14 (82.1% sensitivity, 79.5% specificity). In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the ISI is a reliable and valid measure of insomnia in clinical and non‐clinical populations. Our present study also contributes to relevant data for the international literature regarding the cut‐off score of the scale for the detection of clinical insomnia.
MAFLD identifies patients with significant hepatic fibrosis better than NAFLD
Authors: Yamamura Sakura , Eslam Mohammed , Kawaguchi Takumi , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Nakano Dan , Yoshinaga Shinobu , Takahashi Hirokazu , Anzai Keizo , George Jacob , Torimura Takuji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsDiagnostic criteria for metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have been proposed, but not validated. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the MAFLD definition vs the existing NAFLD criteria to identify patients with significant fibrosis and to characterize the impact of mild alcohol intake.MethodsWe enrolled 765 Japanese patients with fatty liver (median age 54 years). MAFLD and NAFLD were diagnosed in 79.6% and 70.7% of patients respectively. Significant fibrosis was defined by FIB‐4 index ≥1.3 and liver stiffness ≥6.6 kPa using shear wave elastography. Mild alcohol intake was defined as <20 g/day. Factors associated with significant fibrosis were analysed by logistic regression and decision‐tree analyses.ResultsLiver stiffness was higher in MAFLD compared to NAFLD (7.7 vs 6.8 kPa, P = .0010). In logistic regression, MAFLD (OR 4.401; 95% CI 2.144‐10.629; P < .0001), alcohol intake (OR 1.761; 95% CI 1.081‐2.853; P = .0234), and NAFLD (OR 1.721; 95%CI 1.009‐2.951; P = .0463) were independently associated with significant fibrosis. By decision‐tree analysis, MAFLD, but not NAFLD or alcohol consumption was the initial classifier for significant fibrosis. The sensitivity for detecting significant fibrosis was higher for MAFLD than NAFLD (93.9% vs 73.0%). In patients with MAFLD, even mild alcohol intake was associated with an increase in the prevalence of significant fibrosis (25.0% vs 15.5%; P = .0181).ConclusionsThe MAFLD definition better identifies a group with fatty liver and significant fibrosis evaluated by non‐invasive tests. Moreover, in patients with MAFLD, even mild alcohol consumption is associated with worsening of hepatic fibrosis measures.
The nature of the CM parent asteroid regolith based on cosmic ray exposure ages
Authors: Zolensky Michael E. , Takenouchi Atsushi , Mikouchi Takashi , Gregory Timothy , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Caffee Marc W. , Velbel Michael A. , Ross Daniel K. , Zolensky Andrew , Le Loan , Imae Naoya , Yamaguchi Akira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages of CM chondrites have been found to have multiple peaks (as many as four), in stark contrast to other groups of chondrites (Nishiizumi and Caffee 2012; Herzog and Caffee 2014). In this study, we sought correlations between the CRE ages and petrography of CM chondrites, and we conclude that the degree of aqueous alteration does appear to vary with the CRE ages—the CMs displaying the most aqueous alteration all have relatively short exposure ages. However, some CMs with low degrees of alteration also have short exposure ages—thus, this apparent correlation is not exclusive. We also found a definite inverse relation between the number of distinctive lithologies in a CM and its exposure age, which could indicate different responses of homogeneous and heterogeneous meteoroids to the space environment between their onset of exposure (exhumation and ejection from the parent body) and arrival at Earth. Breccias have more internal surfaces of lithologic discontinuity, possibly resulting in weaker meteoroids that disintegrate more readily than their more homogeneous counterparts. Our results suggest that CM chondrite regoliths consist of numerous genomict lithologies in a breccia with millimeter‐ to decimeter‐scale clasts, with varying degree of heating/metamorphism.
Hf‐W chronology of a macrochondrule from the L5/6 chondrite Northwest Africa 8192
Authors: Hellmann Jan L. , Kruijer Thomas S. , Metzler Knut , Patzek Markus , Pack Andreas , Berndt Jasper , Kleine Thorsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA large, igneous‐textured, and 2 cm‐sized spherical object from the L5/6 chondrite NWA 8192 was investigated for its chemical composition, petrography, O isotopic composition, and Hf‐W chronology. The petrography and chemical data indicate that this object closely resembles commonly found chondrules in ordinary chondrites and is therefore classified as a “macrochondrule.* As a result of metal loss during its formation, the macrochondrule exhibits elevated Hf/W, which makes it possible to date this object using the short‐lived 182Hf‐182W system. The Hf‐W data provide a two‐stage model age for metal–silicate fractionation of 1.4 ± 0.6 Ma after Ca‐Al‐rich inclusion (CAI) formation, indicating that the macrochondrule formed coevally to normal‐sized chondrules from ordinary chondrites. By contrast, Hf‐W data for metal from the host chondrite yield a younger model age of ~11 Ma after CAIs. This younger age agrees with Hf‐W ages of other type 5–6 ordinary chondrites, and corresponds to the time of cooling below the Hf‐W closure temperature during thermal metamorphism on the parent body. The Hf‐W model age difference between the macrochondrule and the host metal demonstrates that the Hf‐W systematics of the bulk macrochondrule were not disturbed during thermal metamorphism, and therefore, that the formation age of such objects can still be determined even in strongly metamorphosed samples. Collectively, this study illustrates that chondrule formation was not limited to mm‐size objects, implying that the rarity of macrochondrules reflects either that this process was very inefficient, that subsequent nebular size‐sorting decimated large chondrules, or that large precursors were rare.
A two‐sector neo‐Kaleckian model of growth and distribution: Investment allocation and evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Azevedo Araujo Ricardo , Drumond Carlos Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the two‐sector neo‐Kaleckian model of growth and distribution that was developed by Dutt (1990) and challenged by Park (1995). We develop a variant of this model, focusing on the supply‐side to solve the overdetermination problem that was raised by Park. Finally, we introduce evolutionary dynamics to model the investment flows between the capital and consumer goods sectors. In this setup, the sectoral profit rates and the size of capital stocks wield an essential role upon the entrepreneur’s decision on which sector to invest in. This model is perfectly determined and it generates a stable evolutionary equilibrium over the long term.
Evolution of ecospace occupancy by Mesozoic marine tetrapods
Authors: Reeves Jane C. , Moon Benjamin C. , Benton Michael J. , Stubbs Thomas L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEcology and morphology are different, and yet in comparative studies of fossil vertebrates the two are often conflated. The macroevolution of Mesozoic marine tetrapods has been explored in terms of morphological disparity, but less commonly using ecological‐functional categories. Here we use ecospace modelling to quantify ecological disparity across all Mesozoic marine tetrapods. We document the explosive radiation of marine tetrapod groups in the Triassic and their rapid attainment of high ecological disparity. Late Triassic extinctions led to a marked decline in ecological disparity, and the recovery of ecospace and ecological disparity was sluggish in the Early Jurassic. High levels of ecological disparity were again achieved by the Late Jurassic and maintained during the Cretaceous, when the ecospace became saturated by the Late Cretaceous. Sauropterygians, turtles and ichthyosauromorphs were the largest contributors to ecological disparity. Throughout the Mesozoic, we find that established groups remained ecologically conservative and did not explore occupied or vacant niches. Several parts of the ecospace remained vacant for long spans of time. Newly evolved, radiating taxa almost exclusively explored unoccupied ecospace, suggesting that abiotic releases are needed to empty niches and initiate diversification. In the balance of evolutionary drivers in Mesozoic marine tetrapods, abiotic factors were key to initiating diversification events, but biotic factors dominated the subsequent generation of ecological diversity.
Orbital extramedullary leukemia relapse in a pediatric patient post‐CART cell therapy—Case report
Authors: Essa Mohammed F. , Alsultan Abdulrahman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCART therapy is an approved therapy in advanced ALL. The mechanism of relapse post‐CART therapy is under vigorous research. We report a 9‐year‐old boy who received CD19‐CART therapy after BM ALL relapse post‐HSCT. He presented with unilateral eye swelling which was initially managed as orbital cellulitis. Later on, it was proven to be an isolated ALL orbital relapse without peripheral blood B‐cell detection or BM involvement. Despite radiotherapy, he subsequently developed refractory CD19 positive ALL BM relapse. This case highlights the possibility of unusual relapse sites after CART‐therapy and that regular peripheral B‐cell monitoring is not enough to assure remission status. Better monitoring tools are needed to detect early disease relapse. Further understanding of the pathophysiology of isolated extramedullary relapse post‐CART therapy is warranted to improve the management of such challenging presentations.
Widespread distribution of resistance to triazole fungicides in Brazilian populations of the wheat blast pathogen
Authors: Poloni Nadia Maria , Carvalho Giselle , Nunes Campos Vicentini Samara , Francis Dorigan Adriano , Nunes Maciel João Leodato , McDonald Bruce A. , Intra Moreira Silvino , Hawkins Nichola , Fraaije Bart A. , Kelly Diane E. , Kelly Steven L. , Ceresini Paulo C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFungicides have not been effective in controlling the wheat blast disease in Brazil. An earlier analysis of 179 isolates of Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl) sampled from wheat fields across six populations in central‐southern Brazil during 2012 discovered a high level of resistance to strobilurin fungicides. Here we analysed azole resistance in the same strains based on EC50 measurements for tebuconazole and epoxiconazole. All six Brazilian populations of PoTl exhibited high resistance to both azoles, with in vitro EC50 values that were at least 35 to 50 times higher than the recommended field doses. We sequenced the CYP51A and CYP51B genes to determine if they were likely to play a role in the observed azole resistance. Although we found five distinct haplotypes in PoTl carrying four nonsynonymous substitutions in CYP51A, none of these substitutions were correlated with elevated EC50. CYP51B was sequenced for nine PoTl isolates, three each representing low, medium, and high tebuconazole EC50. Both PoTl CYP51A and CYP51B could complement yeast CYP51 function. All PoTl CYP51A‐expressing yeast transformants were less sensitive to triazoles than the PoTl CYP51B ones. Transformants expressing PoTl CYP51A haplotype H1 carrying the R158K substitution were not more resistant than those expressing PoTl CYP51A haplotype H5, which is synonymous to haplotype H6, found in triazole‐sensitive P. oryzae Oryza isolates from rice blast. Therefore, the reduced triazole sensitivity of wheat blast isolates compared to rice blast isolates appears to be associated with a non‐target‐site related resistance mechanism acquired after higher exposure to triazoles.
Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture
Authors: Hvas Malthe , Folkedal Ole , Oppedal Frode 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo accommodate further growth in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry, new production sites may well be established at more exposed locations along the coast or even offshore. Here, fish will encounter strong currents and powerful waves, which are avoided at traditional sheltered locations. Exposed locations offer several advantages and necessitate new technological advancements. However, the most crucial question is whether Atlantic salmon are able to thrive in these more extreme environments. In this review, we describe how strong water currents affect the physiology, behaviour and ultimately the welfare of the fish. If ambient current speeds exceed swimming capacities, fish become fatigued and get stuck on the cage wall leading to unacceptable welfare. The swimming capacity will depend on both the magnitude and duration of the current speeds encountered. Moreover, several environmental and biological factors modulate swimming capabilities, where temperature, body size and health status are particularly important to consider. A series of empirical studies are subsequently used to formulate welfare guidelines with regard to biological limits in exposed aquaculture. In addition, owing to the growing popularity of cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture, we also evaluate their usefulness at exposed sites. Overall, Atlantic salmon is a powerful sustained swimmer, and based on available site surveys of ocean currents, we conclude that the prospects for responsible farming at exposed sites looks promising. However, cleaner fish species such as lumpfish and ballan wrasse are poor swimmers and are therefore not recommended for deployment at exposed sites.
Lessons from the graduates of one‐year theological programs in the Australian College of Theology
Authors: Hussey Ian , Bain Andrew M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe uptake in one‐year theological programs by students in the Australian College of Theology (ACT) has heightened interest in the question of whether these short qualifications meet the expectations of students and equip them for their ministry, whether that be in their local church, parachurch organizations or other vocations. This article reports on a survey of graduated students from one‐year ACT programs. The research explored how well the qualification met the expectations of students. The survey also asked students to indicate how well the short course contributed to the growth of the ACT graduate attributes within themselves. The research concludes that the one‐year qualifications are “fit for purpose” especially in deepening the graduate's relationship with God and knowledge of the Bible. However, the research also indicates that ACT colleges need to consider ways they can enhance the short courses in order to make them more relational and equip students for the practical application of the concepts they have learnt in their course.
Seasonal incidence of respiratory viral infections in Telangana, India: utility of a multiplex PCR assay to bridge the knowledge gap
Authors: Anand Mridu , Nimmala Pavani 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnosis of acute viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) is a challenge due to overlapping clinical presentations and lack of availability of robust diagnostic methods. This in turn leads to lack of data regarding incidence and seasonality of viral RTIs which could potentially help to implement efficient strategies of antimicrobial stewardship as well as vaccine administration. Here we utilise a commercial Multiplex PCR assay for the early diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections and discuss their epidemiology.MethodsA prospective, observational study was conducted over a period of 3 years (2017–2019). Respiratory samples received from outpatients and inpatients with suspected acute RTIs from three multispeciality hospitals located in the twin cities of Hyderabad‐Secunderabad were subjected to FilmArray Respiratory Panel (RP) (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA). Results were tabulated and statistically analysed.ResultsOf 513 samples, 261 (50.9%) were positive for one or more pathogens. The viruses detected included influenza A H1 2009 (26.0%), human rhinovirus/enterovirus (21.5%), influenza A H3N2 (17.0%), human metapneumovirus (9.4%), influenza B (6.6%), coronavirus (4.9%), parainfluenza virus (4.5%), respiratory syncytial virus (3.1%) and adenovirus (2.1%). The largest number of samples was positive during the monsoon season (43.8%). Influenza A H1 2009 peaked in the monsoon season with another, smaller peak in February.ConclusionsThere is a bimodal peak of respiratory infections relative to the seasons, and vaccine administration should take place in April–May before the advent of the monsoons in this part of the country. Multiplexed PCR may be used as first line for diagnosis of viral infections so that infection control measures can be prioritised and antibiotic administration can be avoided in those who do not require it.