bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with discharge delay and direct discharge home from paediatric intensive care
Authors: Kennedy Tessa K , Numa Andrew 
Published: February 2020

AimTo examine the patient and hospital admission characteristics associated with direct discharge home from paediatric intensive care.MethodsThis was a single‐centre retrospective analysis of all admissions to a tertiary metropolitan general paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) surviving to discharge over a 10‐year period between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016, divided into two epochs defined by changes in health service structure. Patient and admission characteristics were compared between groups discharged direct to home and discharged to ward across these two epochs.ResultsThere was a marked increase in the annual rate of direct discharge to home from ICU between the two epochs (3.7–9.5%, P < 0.0001). There was an inverse relationship between monthly ICU activity and rates of direct discharge to home. Patients discharged directly home were significantly more likely to experience delay to discharge (46.4 vs. 30.7%, P < 0.0001), for that delay to exceed 24 h and comprise a greater proportion of total ICU length of stay. Bronchiolitis accounted for an increasing proportion of admissions between epochs (7.0–15.1%) and was over‐represented among patients discharged direct to home (up to 18.2%).ConclusionsThe high observed rate of direct discharge home is likely to have resulted from increased delays to discharge and changes to patient admission characteristics, attributable to organisational restructuring and possibly changing approaches to clinical management of bronchiolitis. It is imperative to now consider how we ensure that our systems support the proper use of intensive care resources.
Photoperiodic effect on the testicular transcriptome in broiler roosters
Authors: Sun Lei , Guo Lewei , Wang Jun , Li Meng , Appiah Michael Osei , Liu Hongyu , Zhao Jing , Yang Lianyu , Lu Wenfa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInformation about the effects of photoperiod on the testicular transcriptome of broiler roosters is limited. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of different photoperiodic regimes on gene expression in the testes of broiler breeder roosters. One hundred and twenty Arbor Acres broiler breeder roosters aged 20 weeks were assigned to one of three groups (n = 40) and subjected to different photoperiodic regimes: control (CTR; 12.5 L:11.5 D), short day (SD; 8 L:16 D) and long day (LD; 16 L:8 D). After 4 weeks, the testes of 10 randomly selected birds from each group were dissected, sliced and haematoxylin‐eosin stained. The testicular transcriptome of roosters from the SD and LD groups was determined by RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq), and the results were confirmed using quantitative real‐time PCR. The seminiferous tubule area and sperm count increased significantly with the prolongation of photoperiod (p < .01). Additionally, the RNA‐Seq results indicated that 387 genes were upregulated and 1,052 genes were downregulated in the LD group compared with those in the SD group. Several crucial genes involved in rooster testicular development and reproduction were also screened, including heat shock proteins 90, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, adenosine 5'‐monophosphate ‐activated protein kinase, BCL‐6 and Smad3. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR), forkhead box (FoxO), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) and insulin signalling pathway. In conclusion, a 16 hr photoperiod for 4 weeks increased the seminiferous tubule duct area and promoted spermatogenesis in the rooster's testicles, and the mTOR, FoxO, TGF‐β and insulin signalling pathways may be involved.
Using RAD seq for reconstructing phylogenies of highly diverged taxa: A test using the tribe Scandiceae (Apiaceae)
Authors: Piwczyński Marcin , Trzeciak Paulina , Popa Madalina‐Oana , Pabijan Maciej , Corral José María , Spalik Krzysztof , Grzywacz Andrzej 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe angiosperm Apiaceae tribe Scandiceae includes four major clades—subtribes Daucinae, Ferulinae, Torilidinae, and Scandicinae—that originated ca. 20 Mya. Although all four subtribes are highly supported in molecular analyses, and morphological data indicate a sister relationship between Daucinae and Torilidinae, their branching order has not been resolved using standard Sanger multilocus data. Therefore, in this study, we test the utility of genomic RAD seq data in resolving deep phylogenetic relationships (up to 20 Mya) in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae, with special emphasis on tribe Scandiceae using 12 representative species. We used two bioinformatic pipelines, pyRAD and RADIS (based on STACKS), to assemble RAD seq data and we tested the influence of various combinations of parameters on the robustness of the inferred tree topologies. Although different data processing approaches produced alignments with various amounts of missing data, they converged to two well‐supported topologies, irrespective of the phylogenetic method applied. Highly supported trees showed Scandicinae as sister to all other clades and indicated that Daucinae and Torilidinae are sister groups, thus confirming the relationship inferred from morphology. We conclude that the RAD seq method can be successfully used to resolve deep relationships formed 20 Mya within Apiaceae. We provide recommendations for parameter settings in RADIS and pyRAD for the analysis of taxa that have accumulated considerable genomic divergence.
Transurethral cystoscopy in dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections: Retrospective study (2011‐2018)
Authors: Llido Marie , Vachon Catherine , Dickinson Melanie , Beauchamp Guy , Dunn Marilyn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in female dogs and recurrent infections often require investigation by transurethral cystoscopy.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe the findings of transurethral cystoscopy in dogs presented for recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI).AnimalsFifty‐three client‐owned dogs with RUTI were included in the study.MethodsRetrospective study. Data collected from medical records included signalment, clinical findings, bladder wall culture, cystoscopic, and histopathologic findings. UTI was defined as: presence of compatible clinical signs and at least 2 out of 3 of the following criteria: (1) pyuria, (2) positive urine culture, (3) resolution of clinical signs with antibiotic treatment. Recurrence of UTI was defined as at least 2 episodes of UTI within 6 months or at least 3 or more in 1 year.ResultsThe mean age at presentation was 3.8 years with a majority of female dogs (48/53), 40/48 of which were spayed. Main breeds were Labrador (10/53), Australian Shepherd (4/53), and Miniature Schnauzer (3/53). A hooded vulva was noted in 33/48 of females. Transurethral cystoscopy showed anomalies in 45/53 of cases: mucosal edema (19/53), vestibulovaginal septal remnant (15/48), lymphoid follicles (8/53), short urethra (6/53), and ectopic ureter (5/53). Urine culture at the time of cystoscopy was positive in 13/49. Bladder wall edema and ulceration were the most common findings on histopathology (25/39).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceRUTI occurred more frequently in spayed female dogs. Transurethral cystoscopy is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of anomalies in dogs with RUTIs.
Copyright concerns of digital images in social media
Authors: Venugopal A. Vijayalakshmi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere can be intellectual property rights in digital images in the form of copyright. Images are commonly shared online, particularly in social media. When digital images are shared online, this can have implications on the copyright in the images. This article highlights a number of copyright concerns, potential solutions and recommendations for creators and copyright owners of digital images, as well as those using and sharing the images.
Extraterrestrial amino acids and L‐enantiomeric excesses in the CM2 carbonaceous chondrites Aguas Zarcas and Murchison
Authors: Glavin Daniel P. , Elsila Jamie E. , McLain Hannah L. , Aponte José C. , Parker Eric T. , Dworkin Jason P. , Hill Dolores H. , Connolly Harold C. , Lauretta Dante S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe abundances, distributions, enantiomeric ratios, and carbon isotopic compositions of amino acids in two fragments of the Aguas Zarcas CM2 type carbonaceous chondrite fall and a fragment of the CM2 Murchison meteorite were determined via liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry. A suite of two‐ to six‐carbon aliphatic primary amino acids was identified in the Aguas Zarcas and Murchison meteorites with abundances ranging from ~0.1 to 158 nmol/g. The high relative abundances of α‐amino acids found in these meteorites are consistent with a Strecker‐cyanohydrin synthesis on these meteorite parent bodies. Amino acid enantiomeric and carbon isotopic measurements in both fragments of the Aguas Zarcas meteorites indicate that both samples experienced some terrestrial protein amino acid contamination after their fall to Earth. In contrast, similar measurements of alanine in Murchison revealed that this common protein amino acid was both racemic (D ≈ L) and heavily enriched in 13C, indicating no measurable terrestrial alanine contamination of this meteorite. Carbon isotope measurements of two rare non‐proteinogenic amino acids in the Aguas Zarcas and Murchison meteorites, α‐aminoisobutyric acid and D‐ and L‐isovaline, also fall well outside the typical terrestrial range, confirming they are extraterrestrial in origin. The detections of non‐terrestrial L‐isovaline excesses of ~10–15% in both the Aguas Zarcas and Murchison meteorites, and non‐terrestrial L‐glutamic acid excesses in Murchison of ~16–40% are consistent with preferential enrichment of circularly polarized light generated L‐amino acid excesses of conglomerate enantiopure crystals during parent body aqueous alteration and provide evidence of an early solar system formation bias toward L‐amino acids prior to the origin of life.
Inflammatory mediators in saliva and gingival fluid of children with congenital heart defect
Authors: Mohamed Ali Hiba , Mustafa Manal , Suliman Salwa , Elshazali Osama Hafiz , Ali Raouf Whahab , Berggreen Ellen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectives(a) To compare levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in children with and without congenital heart defects (CHD cases and controls) and to test whether a systemic component exists in CHD cases by controlling for gingivitis and plaque scores. (b) To correlate the levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators in GCF and saliva with plaque bacterial composition among CHD cases and controls.Materials and MethodsWhole un‐stimulated saliva and GCF samples were collected (60 CHD cases, 60 controls [Sudan]) and were analysed for levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1ra (IL‐1ra) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) levels. These levels were correlated with the previously reported levels of four red complex bacteria.ResultsSignificantly elevated levels of PGE2 and IL‐1β in GCF and IL‐1β and TNF‐α in saliva were detected among CHD cases compared with controls. General linear model (GLM) analyses revealed that PGE2 and IL‐1β levels remained significantly higher in GCF and saliva samples, respectively, among CHD cases after controlling for gingivitis and plaque score, whereas TNF‐α and IL‐10 levels were significantly lower in their GCF samples. Additionally, IL‐1β level was significantly positively correlated to the counts of the four red complex species in their GCF.ConclusionIn addition to higher levels of some pro‐inflammatory mediators in saliva and GCF corresponding to more gingivitis in CHD cases, also a systemic inflammatory component exists and is reflected in these two oral fluids.
Concussion incidence and recovery in Swedish elite soccer — Prolonged recovery in female players
Authors: Vedung Fredrik , Hänni Sofie , Tegner Yelverton , Johansson Jakob , Marklund Niklas 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesSport‐related concussions are an increasingly recognized health problem. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world although recent studies on concussion incidence are scarce. Here, a nationwide prospective study on concussion incidence, symptom severity, risk factors, gender differences, and return‐to‐play after concussion was performed in 51 Swedish elite soccer teams during the 2017 season.MethodsIn the 1st and 2nd soccer leagues for men and women, a Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT)‐based questionnaire study was performed at preseason (baseline) and from 48 hours to 3 months post‐concussion.ResultsWe followed 959 players (389 women, 570 men) for 25 146 player game hours (9867 hours for women, 15 279 hours for men). Concussion incidence (n = 36 concussions during the season) was 1.19/1000 player game hours (females 1.22/1000 hours, males 1.18/1000 hours;P = .85). Twenty‐seven percent of all players (8% of females, 40% of males) continued to play immediately after the concussion. When compared to male players, female players had worse initial symptom severity scores (median and IQR 30 (17‐50.5) vs 11 (4‐26.25),P = .02) on SCAT and longer return‐to‐play (P = .02). Risk factors for concussion were baseline symptoms and previous concussion.ConclusionIn Swedish elite soccer, the concussion incidence was 1.19/1000 without gender differences. Most players recovered to play within 4 weeks post‐injury. Almost one third of players continued to play at time of concussion. Female players had worse initial symptoms and longer return‐to‐play time than males, and a prolonged recovery beyond 3 months was only observed among female players.
The influence of fitness on exercise blood pressure and its association with cardiac structure in adolescence
Authors: Huang Zhengzheng , Fonseca Ricardo , Sharman James E. , Park Chloe , Chaturvedi Nish , Howe Laura D. , Hughes Alun D. , Schultz Martin G. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeExaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with altered cardiac structure and increased cardiovascular risk. Fitness modifies these associations, but the effect in healthy adolescents is unknown. We performed an observational study to determine the influence of fitness on post‐exercise BP, and on its relationship with cardiac structure in adolescents.Methods4835 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, (15.4 (0.3) years, 49% male) completed a submaximal cycle test. Fitness was estimated as physical work capacity 170 adjusted for lean body mass and post‐exercise BP measured immediately posttest. Cardiovascular structure and function, including left ventricular (LV) mass (n = 1589), left atrium (LA) size (n = 1466), cardiac output (CO, n = 1610), and total peripheral resistance (TPR, n = 1610) were measured at rest by echocardiography 2.4 (0.4) years later.ResultsPost‐exercise systolic BP increased stepwise by fitness tertile (131.2 mm Hg [130.4, 132.1]; 137.3 mm Hg [136.5, 138.0]; 142.3 mm Hg [141.5, 143.1]). Each 5 mm Hg of post‐exercise systolic BP was associated with 2.46 g [1.91, 3.01] greater LV mass, 0.02 cm [0.02, 0.03] greater LA size, and 0.25 g/m2.7 [0.14, 0.36] greater LV mass index. Adjustment for fitness abolished associations (0.29 g [−0.16, 0.74]; 0.01 cm [−0.001, 0.014] and 0.08 g/m2.7 [−0.001, 0.002]). Similar associations between post‐exercise systolic BP and each outcome were found between the lowest and highest fitness thirds. CO increased with fitness third (difference 0.06 L/min [−0.05, 0.17]; 0.23 L/min [0.12, 0.34]) while TPR decreased (difference −0.13 mm Hg·min/L [−0.84,0.59]; −1.08 mm Hg·min/L [−0.1.80, 0.35]).ConclusionsPost‐exercise systolic BP increased with fitness, which modified its association with cardiac structure. Higher CO, but lower TPR suggests a physiologically adapted cardiovascular system with greater fitness, highlighting the importance of fitness in adolescence.
Retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector quantitatively reveals effects of bladder distension on urethral size in healthy male Beagle dogs
Authors: Kang Kyuyong , Kim Kyeonga , Oh Donghyun , Choi Jeongwoo , Choi Mincheol , Yoon Junghee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuantitative analysis of the normal retrograde urethrogram is well reported in radiography, but studies on CT urethrography are lacking. Recently, a method of retrograde CT urethrography using a power injector was described. The purpose of the current, prospective, analytical study was to quantify the urethral size of five, healthy, intact, male Beagle dogs using retrograde CT urethrography and a power injector. With the injection rate of the power injector set at 0.3 mL/s, 1 mL/kg of diluted contrast medium (15 mg I/mL) was injected, and a CT examination was performed. The state of the initial urethrogram taken was defined as “empty bladder.” The same procedures were repeated with the injection of an additional 1 mL/kg of diluted contrast medium until the ureteral reflux was seen (distended bladder). There was a significant difference in volumes between the empty and distended bladder, but the membranous urethra showed the least difference (P = .0044) among the three regions (P < .0001 for the prostatic and penile urethra). Urethral diameters at six sites were measured from sagittal images, and the sites of measurements were adopted from the earlier radiographic studies. The most significant difference in the urethral diameters between the empty and distended bladder occurred at the cranial and middle prostatic urethra (P < .0001). The results of this study can be useful for interpreting the results of retrograde CT urethrography. Care must be taken when narrowing is suspected at the prostatic urethra, and if necessary, further distension of the urinary bladder should be tried.
Application of Multiscale Methodology for Transonic Turbine Blade Tip Cooling Design
Authors: Duan P. H. , He L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent research suggests that the cooling flow at transonic turbine tip has several unique flow features such as the strong interaction with the base flow, the acceleration at divergent duct, the strong shock boundary layer interaction, and the weak correlation between aerodynamic loss and the heat transfer. These flow features require the cooling design to be considered together with the tip geometry shaping. However, due to the large disparity of the length scales between the cooling holes and the turbine blade, the combination of the cooling design and the tip geometry shaping tends to be too computationally expensive. This study adopts the multiscale method in a commercial solver to provide a fast and accurate solution for the turbine tip cooling design. The method uses source terms added on the coarse mesh to generate the solution that is close to the one obtained with a well-resolved mesh. The source terms are found to present not only the influence of the mesh resolution but also the flow injection. The multiscale results have been validated against the experimental data and the fine mesh results. The agreement shows the potential for this method to be used in cases with large length scale disparity.
Study on Aerodynamic Performance of Offshore Floating Wind Turbine With Fusion Winglets
Authors: Hu Danmei , Ji Shengqiang , Wu Zhixiang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The motion response of a (NREL) 5 MW wind turbine with tip-fusion winglets in the marine environment were studied in this paper. The aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine in three motion modes of yaw, surge, and pitch is simulated by the fluent software. The variation trend of power and axial thrust of the wind turbine with winglets under the motion conditions is explored, and its flow field is analyzed. The results indicate that the wind turbine with fusion winglets has the better aerodynamic performance. Besides, the effect of the winglet on the aerodynamic performance is mainly concentrated at the tip of the blade, especially at the relative height of 0.9 or above. The research results provide theoretical and technical reference for improving aerodynamic performance of the floating offshore wind turbine by adding tip-fusion winglets under the complex sea states.
Effect of Tube Size on the Thermal Stress in Concentrating Solar Receiver Tubes
Authors: Peng Kewen , Qin Frank G. F. , Jiang Runhua , Kang Shimin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh-level thermal stress in the receiver tubes is detrimental for the integrity and safety of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants and is a major concern in CSP design. One important factor affecting the thermal stress is the tube size. However, conventional CSP designs mainly focus on heat transfer efficiency and pumping loss when considering the tube size effect. Investigations into the influence of tube wall thickness and diameter on the thermal stress profile are still lacking. In this paper, we bridge this knowledge gap by conducting a coupled fluid-thermal-structural simulation. The results demonstrate that the peak thermal stress correlates linearly with both the tube diameter and thickness. In comparison, the increase in thickness raises thermal stress more profoundly than the tube diameter does. Further analysis also reveals a shift in the axial thermal stress distribution by decreasing thickness or enlarging tube diameter. Notably, the axial stress on the tube front section's inner surface is inverted from tension to compression at small thicknesses or large diameters. This change is found to be attributed to the diminishing of the radial temperature gradient. These findings are beneficial in CSP receiver designs for mitigating the high-stress risks and extending its operational lifespan.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Emission Reduction Strategy for Limestone Forced Oxidation Flue Gas Desulfurization System
Authors: Uddin Ghulam Moeen , Arafat Syed Muhammad , Ashraf Waqar Muhammad , Asim Muhammad , Bhutta Muhammad Mahmood Aslam , Jatoi Haseeb Ullah Khan , Niazi Sajawal Gul , Jamil Ahsaan , Farooq Muhammad , Ghufran Muhammad , Jawad Muhammad , Hayat Nasir , Jie Wang , Chaudhry Ijaz Ahmad , Zeid Ibrahim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The emissions from coal power plants have serious implication on the environment protection, and there is an increasing effort around the globe to control these emissions by the flue gas cleaning technologies. This research was carried out on the limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system installed at the 2*660 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant. Nine input variables of the FGD system: pH, inlet sulfur dioxide (SO2), inlet temperature, inlet nitrogen oxide (NOx), inlet O2, oxidation air, absorber slurry density, inlet humidity, and inlet dust were used for the development of effective neural network process models for a comprehensive emission analysis constituting outlet SO2, outlet Hg, outlet NOx, and outlet dust emissions from the LSFO FGD system. Monte Carlo experiments were conducted on the artificial neural network process models to investigate the relationships between the input control variables and output variables. Accordingly, optimum operating ranges of all input control variables were recommended. Operating the LSFO FGD system under optimum conditions, nearly 35% and 24% reduction in SO2 emissions are possible at inlet SO2 values of 1500 mg/m3 and 1800 mg/m3, respectively, as compared to general operating conditions. Similarly, nearly 42% and 28% reduction in Hg emissions are possible at inlet SO2 values of 1500 mg/m3 and 1800 mg/m3, respectively, as compared to general operating conditions. The findings are useful for minimizing the emissions from coal power plants and the development of optimum operating strategies for the LSFO FGD system.