bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimum water requirements of cool‐season turfgrasses for survival and recovery after prolonged drought
Authors: Hong Mu , Bremer Dale J. , Keeley Steve 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater restrictions may be imposed on irrigation during drought with little regard for damage to turfgrass. Minimal irrigation that may result in dormancy during prolonged drought but allows for recovery thereafter may save water and prevent expensive reestablishment. Our objectives were (a) to determine minimum water amounts in turfgrass during drought that allow for acceptable recovery, and (b) to evaluate turfgrass quality and performance during drought and recovery among irrigation levels. Sodded ‘Seed Research 8650’ tall fescue (TF, Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb.) and a ‘Mallard’ and ‘Ridgeline’ Kentucky bluegrass blend (KB, Poa pratensis L.) were watered weekly with 0–50% reference evapotranspiration (ETo) replacement during two summers under rainout shelters near Manhattan, KS. Soil moisture, percentage green cover, normalized difference vegetation index, and turfgrass quality were measured weekly. After fall sodding, TF recovered fully after 60–83 d dry downs in both years even without water inputs. However, KB in all ETo treatments did not recover in either year. Irrigation at 50% ETo maintained TF above minimally acceptable quality 15–43 d longer than 0% ETo during drought, recovered 17–18 d faster, and reduced water inputs by 38% compared with 80% ETo, which is usually recommended for well‐watered cool‐season turfgrass. Results indicate TF is better adapted than KB to prolonged drought in the first summer after fall sodding.
Alkaline Water Oxidation Using a Bimetallic Phospho‐Boride Electrocatalyst
Authors: Chunduri Avani , Gupta Suraj , Patel Maulik , Forster Mark , Cowan Alexander J. , Patel Nainesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNew oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts based on low‐cost elements, which set new benchmark levels of activity, are vital if water electrolysis is to be applied on a global scale. Herein, a low‐cost bimetallic phospho‐boride catalyst was developed that showed outstanding OER activity of approximately 195 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline water electrolysis, with a minimal catalyst loading of 0.3 mg cm−2. The contrasting electron transfer property of the metal borides and phosphides when combined in phospho‐boride modulated the electron density of the Co atom, yielding highly active CoOOH species at lower potentials. The addition of Mo at low levels further enhanced the activity by increasing the surface area and by formation of nano‐crystalline domains. The combined contributions from each of the components resulted in a new benchmark mass activity of 666 A g−1 at 300 mV overpotential. This work presents a new avenue towards fabricating electrode materials with exceptional performances.
Abundance of a cryptic generalist parasite reflects degradation of an ecosystem
Authors: Artim John M. , Nicholson Matthew D. , Hendrick Gina C. , Brandt Marilyn , Smith Tyler B. , Sikkel Paul C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEcosystem degradation due to anthropogenic activities is the primary issue of our times. Theoretical analyses as well as efforts to restore and manage ecosystems depend on comprehensive metrics of ecosystem function. In the case of complex ecosystems such as tropical coral reefs—especially where monitoring, management, and restoration are important—multiple metrics reflecting key functional groups are required to accurately reflect ecosystem function and when necessary, diagnose degree and kind of ecosystem degradation. We propose inclusion of the generalist ectoparasite functional group as a measure of ecosystem function of coral reefs. This functional group is adaptable to loss of other community members and may experience an increase in abundance as ecosystem function declines. Fish‐parasitic gnathiid isopods are a member of this group, resident though inconspicuous in coral‐reef communities. On Caribbean coral reefs, based on 938 light‐trap samples, we observed a negative correlation between abundance of smaller‐sized gnathiids and abundance of live coral, a natural predator of gnathiids. Plots grouped by coral cover—a measure of success of the ecosystem engineer—and ectoparasite abundance varied significantly in community composition including abundance of macroalgae, turf algae, and farming Stegastes spp. damselfish reflecting shifts in community structure. Changes in gnathiid abundance with respect to the abundance of organisms participating in each of the core functional processes driving coral‐reef ecosystems reflect broad connectivity of gnathiid parasites across the ecosystem. We conclude that the hyperabundance of a small, cryptic, generalist parasite, when used in combination with a metric of abundance of the primary ecosystem engineer, can provide one nuanced measure of the ecosystem vulnerability to collapse.
Towards understanding factors influencing the benefit of diversity in predator communities for prey suppression
Authors: Laubmeier Amanda N. , Rebarber Richard , Tenhumberg Brigitte 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is generally assumed that high biodiversity is key to sustaining critical ecosystem services, including prey suppression by natural predator guilds. Prey suppression is driven by complex interactions between members of predator and prey communities, as well as their shared environment. Because of this, empirical studies have found both positive and negative effects of high predator diversity on prey suppression. However, we lack an understanding of when these different prey suppression outcomes will occur. In this work, we use a mechanistic, trait‐based model to unravel how intraguild interactions, species body mass, predator foraging area, and ambient temperature can combine to produce different levels of prey suppression. Surprisingly, we find that prey suppression is only improved by high biodiversity under a limited set of conditions. The most important factor in determining whether diversity improves prey suppression is the amount of overlap between predators' foraging areas. The degree of overlap in foraging areas shapes species interactions, and as the overlap between species increases, we see decreasing benefits from species‐rich communities. In contrast, diversity in body mass only improves prey suppression when there is significant variation in temperature.
Associations of region‐specific visceral adiposity with subclinical atrial dysfunction and outcomes of heart failure
Authors: Huang Bo‐Han , Chang Shun‐Chuan , Yun Chun‐Ho , Sung Kuo‐Tzu , Lai Yau‐Huei , Lo Chi‐In , Huang Wen‐Hung , Chien Shih‐Chieh , Liu Lawrence Yu‐Min , Hung Ta‐Chuan , Kuo Jen‐Yuan , Lin Jiun‐Lu , Bulwer Bernard , Hou Charles Jia‐Yin , Chen Ying‐Ju , Su Cheng‐Huang , Yeh Hung‐I , Hung Chung‐Lieh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsExcessive visceral adiposity (VAT) plays an essential role in metabolic derangements with those close to heart further mediates myocardial homeostasis. The disparate biological links between region‐specific VAT and cardiometabolic profiles as mediators influencing atrial kinetics remain unexplored.Methods and resultsAmong 1326 asymptomatic individuals, region‐specific VAT including peri‐aortic root fat (PARF) and total pericardial fat (PCF) of cardiac region, together with thoracic peri‐aortic adipose tissue (TAT), was assessed using multiple‐detector computed tomography. VAT measures were related to functional left atrial (LA) metrics assessed by speckle‐tracking algorithm and clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Multivariate linear regression models incorporating body fat, metabolic syndrome, and E/TDI‐e' consistently demonstrated independent associations of larger PARF/PCF with peak atrial longitudinal systolic strain (PALS) reduction, higher LA stiffness, and worsened strain rate components; instead, TAT was independently associated with cardiometabolic profiles. PARF rather than PCF or TAT conferred independent prognostic values for incident AF/HF by multivariate Cox regression (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.56, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–2.08, P = 0.002) during a median of 1790 days (interquartile range: 25th to 75th: 1440–1927 days) of follow‐up, with subjects categorized into worst PALS and largest VAT tertiles demonstrating highest events (all log‐rank P < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that higher triglyceride and lower high‐density lipoproteins may serve as intermediary factors for effects between VAT and LA functional metrics, with lesser role by glucose level.ConclusionsVisceral adiposity surrounding atrial region was tightly associated with subclinical atrial dysfunction and incident AF or HF beyond metabolic factors. Instead, peri‐aortic adiposity may mediate their toxic effects mainly through circulating cardiometabolic profiles.
Intergroup context‐sensitive adaptation and validation of the BIAS Map for measuring stereotypes of the Roma in Slovakia: The case for an emic‐etic mixed methods approach
Authors: Lášticová Barbara , Popper Miroslav , Findor Andrej , Hruška Matej , Petrjánošová Magda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report the process of adapting and validating the BIAS Map (Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes) used to measure perceived stereotypes and related social structure, emotions, and behavioral tendencies toward the Roma—Slovakia's most stigmatized ethnic minority group. In two surveys (Studies 1 and 4, n = 705) and group‐based (Study 2, n = 92) and individual (Study 3, n = 12) cognitive interviews, we integrated quantitative reliability, scalability, factor structure analysis, and qualitative inductive thematic analysis. We identified potential problems in the instruments’ ecological validity and explored the limits of intergroup context‐specific interpretation to improve its psychometric properties. Besides developing a more reliable and valid measure, we make an argument for utilizing the emic‐etic mixed methods approach to enhance the intergroup context‐sensitive adaptation and validation procedure of universal measurement instruments in social psychology research.
Rapid Nanomolar Detection of Guaiacol from its Precursors Using a Core‐shell Reversed‐phase Column Coupled with a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Hayes Phyllis E. , Buzid Alyah , Luong John H. T. , Glennon Jeremy D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe electrooxidation mechanisms of guaiacol (2‐methoxyphenol), a food and beverage spoilage metabolite, and its precursors; vanillic acid (VA), vanillin, and ferulic acid (FA) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) with a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode. Reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) together with a BDD electrode poised at +1.6 V vs. Pd/H2, was optimized for their sensitive detection. The separation was achieved in 60 s with a core‐shell column (HALO C18). The detection limits of these analytes ranged from 10–30 nM. The method was applicable for the analysis of guaiacol and its precursors from a popular commercial drink.
Experimental investigation of hydrogen insertion in copper oxide on photovoltaic performance of p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cell
Authors: Vajda Melinda , Ursu Daniel , Mosoarca Cristina , Duteanu Narcis , Miclau Marinela 
Published: October 2020

SummaryHydrogenation of photoanodes has proved to be an effective method to improve performance of n‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Based on unfavorable assumptions given by the theoretical simulations, no hydrogenation of photocathodes and its effect on the conversion efficiency of in p‐type DSSCs are reported. While the theoretical works have addressed the study of the electronic structure of hydrogenated Cu2O, our experimental work aims to highlight the features of hydrogenated Cu2O/dye interface which are critical in DSSC and still unexplored. We report the beneficial effect of hydrogen in Cu2O on anchoring of the dye leading to an improvement by 98% for JSC and thus, improving the solar energy conversion efficiency of p‐type DSSC. Even in 2% H2 atmosphere, the significant increase in JSC had demonstrated the suitability of hydrogenation in the case of p‐type semiconductors as an effective and low‐cost way to augment the efficiency of p‐DSSCs.
Mechanical and fire characterization of composite material made of polyethylene matrix and dry chemical powder obtained from end‐of‐life extinguishers
Authors: Ortega Zaida , Paz Rubén , Montejo Alba , Suárez Luis 
Published: October 2020

SummaryA fire extinguisher is a portable element designed to fight emerging fires, with a useful life of around 20 years. After this period, they are withdrawn from the market. All their components (shell, hose, and so on) are usually separated and recycled, except the chemical powder used as extinguishing agent, which usually consists at monoammonium phosphate (MAP), widely used in the production of agricultural fertilizers. Although there are several companies dedicated to this task, in the case of remote areas or islands such as the Canary Islands, there are no options to recycle this component and the shipping is unaffordable. As a result, the companies of this sector (distributors of fire‐fighting systems) tend to accumulate them in large quantities. In order to give a second use to this dry chemical powder, this work analyzes its potential as an additive for a polyethylene matrix. This would not only take advantage of a currently unused raw material but would also improve the fire resistance performance of polyolefins thanks to the fireproof properties of the extinguishing agent. Samples with different proportions of dry chemical powder were elaborated and tested to determine their mechanical and fire properties, achieving composites with significant improved fire performance regarding the net matrix.
Thermal protective performance of firefighting protective clothing incorporated with phase change material in fire environments
Authors: Wang Yunyi , Ma Yanliu , Chen Ruoying , Su Yun 
Published: October 2020

SummaryPhase change materials (PCMs) can optimize the thermal properties of fabric. Twelve kinds of microencapsulated phase change materials were selected, including four different phase change temperatures and three different content gradients. Twelve kinds of PCM‐coated fabrics were prepared by dry coating, and their basic physical properties were tested. The PCM‐coated fabric was added to the thermal protective fabric system as a comfortable layer. The thermal protective performance of the fabric system under two conditions of low‐level thermal radiation and fire exposure was analyzed through second‐degree burn time. The results showed that the incorporation of PCMs greatly improved the thermal protective performance of the fabric system under the low‐level thermal radiation, which was affected by the content, phase change temperature, mass per unit area and thermophysical properties of the coated fabric. In addition, the coated fabric by the PCMs was proved to be suitable for the condition of fire exposure, and greatly increased the thermal protective performance of the fabric system. The coated fabric with phase change temperature of 35°C and content of 45% showed the best thermal protective performance under both low‐level thermal radiation and fire exposure conditions.
Using Opportunistic Datasets to Infer Spatial Management Strategies of Local Fisheries in the U.S. Caribbean Region
Authors: Tzadik Orian E , Arnold William S , Brooks Mallory , Cruz-Motta Juan Jose , Garcia-Moliner Graciela , Mar Lopez Maria , Rankin Tauna L , Sabine Alexis M , Stephenson Sarah P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As an initial step towards the implementation of an ecosystem-based approach to management, the Caribbean Fishery Management Council has recently ratified three island-based fishery management plans that will supplant the existing regional plans. The newly formed management plans account for nuances among the island platforms in the U.S. Caribbean, including ecological, cultural, and social considerations. The island-based approach represents a novel strategy among the eight fishery management councils in the United States and therefore remains an untested technique. This study evaluated the decision to separate fishery management among the island platforms by comparing fish assemblages through time in the region. The results suggest that the structure and function of fish communities are spatially driven, with little temporal influence. Combined with the ecological, cultural, and social differences among the islands, the spatial nature of the fish community data support the Caribbean Fishery Management Council decision to transition to island-based management plans.
Language distance in orthographic transparency affects cross‐language pattern similarity between native and non‐native languages
Authors: Dong Jie , Li Aqian , Chen Chuansheng , Qu Jing , Jiang Nan , Sun Yue , Hu Liyuan , Mei Leilei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow native and non‐native languages are represented in the brain is one of the most important questions in neurolinguistics. Much research has found that the similarity in neural activity of native and non‐native languages are influenced by factors such as age of acquisition, language proficiency, and language exposure in the non‐native language. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the similarity between native and non‐native languages in orthographic transparency, a key factor that affects the cognitive and neural mechanisms of phonological access, modulates the cross‐language similarity in neural activation and which brain regions show the modulatory effects of language distance in orthographic transparency. To address these questions, the present study used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to precisely estimate the neural pattern similarity between native language and two non‐native languages in Uyghur‐Chinese‐English trilinguals, whose third language (i.e., English) was more similar to the native language (i.e., Uyghur) in orthography than to their second language (i.e., Chinese). Behavioral results revealed that subjects responded faster to words in the non‐native language with more similar orthography to their native language in the word naming task. More importantly, RSA revealed greater neural pattern similarity between Uyghur and English than between Uyghur and Chinese in select brain areas for phonological processing, especially in the left hemisphere. Further analysis confirmed that those brain regions represented phonological information. These results provide direct neuroimaging evidence for the modulatory effect of language distance in orthographic transparency on cross‐language pattern similarity between native and non‐native languages during word reading.
Dynamic analysis of circulating tumor DNA to predict prognosis and monitor therapeutic response in metastatic relapsed cervical cancer
Authors: Tian Xiaoyuan , Ge Dongcen , Zhang Feng , Zhang Bocheng , Bai Wanting , Xu Xiaoying , Li Zongjuan , Cao Ying , Li Peiying , Zou Kun , Zou Lijuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLimited and inefficient treatment options exist for metastatic relapsed cervical cancer (MRCC), and there are currently no reliable indicators to guide therapeutic selection. We performed deep sequencing analyses targeting 322 cancer‐related genes in plasma cell‐free DNA and matched white blood cells in 173 serial blood samples from 82 locally advanced CC (LACC) or MRCC patients and when possible during treatment. We identified five notable nonsynonymous mutant genes (PIK3CA, BRAF, GNA11, FBXW7 and CDH1) in the MRCC samples as the metastatic relapse significantly mutated (MSG) genes and found that MRCC patients with any detectable MSG mutations had significantly shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) (P = .005) and overall survival (OS) (P = .007) times than those without detectable MSG mutations. Additionally, analyses of matched prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy plasma revealed that a reduction in the number of MSG mutations after chemotherapy was significantly associated with partial remission (PR) and stable disease (SD) (P = .007). Among the patients included in the longitudinal tracking ctDNA analysis, an increase in MSG mutations was observed earlier in response to disease progression than radiological imaging. Our results outline the mutation profiles of MRCC. We show how longitudinal monitoring with ctDNA in liquid biopsy samples provides both predictive and prognostic information during treatment.
The role of gestational weight gain disorders in symptoms of maternal postpartum depression
Authors: Zanardo Vincenzo , Giliberti Lara , Giliberti Elia , Grassi Agostino , Perin Veronica , Parotto Matteo , Soldera Gino , Straface Gianluca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of gestational weight gain (GWG), categorized according to 2009 IOM guidelines as adequate, inadequate, and excessive, with symptoms of mental disorders perceived by mothers after childbearing as anhedonia, anxiety, and depression, defined by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Previous studies indicated that disorders related to GWG are associated with an increased risk of postpartum psychological distress.MethodsA prospective cohort study took place at the Policlinico Abano Terme, Italy, from May 2016 to November 2018.ResultsThe sample included 1268 healthy at term puerperae, 557 (43.9%) with adequate, 388 (30.6%) with inadequate, and 323 (25.5%) with excessive GWG. Mean EPDS scores were comparable among inadequate, adequate, and excessive GWG groups. However, mean factor scores for anhedonia and anxiety were significantly higher (P = 0.041 and P = 0.001, ANOVA) in mothers with excessive GWG. Conversely, factor scores for depression were significantly higher (P = 0.008, ANOVA) in mothers with inadequate GWG.ConclusionIt was found that excessive GWG across an uncomplicated pregnancy is a warning sign of symptoms of anhedonia and anxiety, whereas inadequate GWG is a significant indicator of symptoms of depression. These relationships highlight the potential for interventions directed toward psychosocial support to have beneficial effects upon GWG.
Linking emerging contaminants exposure to adverse health effects: Crosstalk between epigenome and environment
Authors: Alam Md Nur , Shapla Ummay Mahfuza , Shen Heqing , Huang Qingyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental epigenetic findings shed new light on the roles of epigenetic regulations in environmental exposure‐induced toxicities or disease susceptibilities. Currently, environmental emerging contaminants (ECs) are in focus for further investigation due to the evidence of human exposure in addition to their environmental occurrences. However, the adverse effects of these environmental ECs on health through epigenetic mechanisms are still poorly addressed in many aspects. This review discusses the epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expressions) linking ECs exposure to health outcomes. We emphasized on the recent literature describing how ECs can dysregulate epigenetic mechanisms and lead to downstream health outcomes. These up‐to‐date research outputs could provide novel insights into the toxicological mechanisms of ECs. However, the field still faces a demand for further studies on the broad spectrum of health effects, synergistic/antagonistic effects, transgenerational epigenetic effects, and epidemiologic and demographic data of ECs.