bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les métamorphoses du droit face aux exigences de la transition écologique
Authors: Martin-Chenut Kathia , Perruso Camila 
Published: January 2021

La crise écologique bouscule le droit et le force à se réinventer. Le droit participe à la transition écologique, dans la mesure où il permet, d’une part, d’organiser les relations sociales qui en découlent et, d’autre part, d’orienter les transformations nécessaires lorsqu’il s’approprie les normes et valeurs sociales. Il peut ainsi jouer un rôle essentiel non seulement a posteriori , mais également tout au long de la transition écologique. Mais celle-ci est complexe, comme les métamorphoses que doit subir le droit pour l’accompagner. Cette contribution met en lumière certaines des adaptations que connaissent certaines catégories juridiques classiques qui nous semblent être bousculées par les exigences d’une transition écologique et solidaire et s’avérer propices à contribuer à sa concrétisation : la souveraineté, la propriété, la personnalité et la responsabilité.
Des pédagogies pour vivre en Anthropocène
Authors: Wallenhorst Nathanaël , Hétier Renaud 
Published: January 2021

Depuis quinze ans, des études géo-scientifiques sur l’Anthropocène paraissent à un rythme effréné, toutes plus préoccupantes les unes que les autres. Au cœur de la noirceur de ce siècle, n’avons-nous pas besoin d’éducateurs pour allumer de fragiles lueurs permettant de continuer notre aventure et de ne pas perdre de vue cet objectif éducatif par excellence : apprendre à changer le monde ? Partant, comment, concrètement, penser des approches pédagogiques adaptées pour vivre ensemble en Anthropocène ? La première partie de cet article porte sur le type de rapport au monde à favoriser dans le cadre d’une éducation en Anthropocène. Que devons-nous viser pour que les élèves apprennent à changer le monde en Anthropocène ? Faut-il qu’ils apprennent à établir des relations vivantes, responsives avec le monde ou, au contraire, qu’ils apprennent à entrer en résistance ? La seconde partie est centrée sur quatre approches pédagogiques, complémentaires les unes des autres, pour éduquer en Anthropocène.
Quatre familles de compétences pour la transformation écologique et sociale
Authors: Majou de la Debutrie Gérald 
Published: January 2021

La transformation écologique et sociale des sociétés humaines, notamment de leur modèle occidental, est un impératif vital au regard des changements anthropiques majeurs qui affectent le climat et la biodiversité. L’approche par les compétences est une réponse éducative puissante à cet enjeu à condition de ne pas en servir une version étriquée, utilitariste et prétendue dépourvue de tout système de valeurs. Ces compétences doivent permettre d’agir individuellement, mais surtout collectivement en humains parmi les non-humains, en citoyens et en professionnels responsables. Elles mobilisent une éthique impliquant le respect du vivant dans sa diversité, ainsi que les désirs et les peurs qui orientent nos actes, permettent de comprendre, de ressentir les connexions aux « Autres », d’accepter nos limites et de connaître celles de notre planète. Agir avec force et collectivement, selon des réponses technologiques ou non, sera alors à la mesure des responsabilités prises et du récit futuriste inventé.
Combined intravitreal ranibizumab and posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injections for patients with diabetic macular edema refractory to intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy
Authors: Chiu Chiung-Yi , Huang Tzu-Lun , Chang Pei-Yao , Chen Fang-Ting , Hsu Yung-Ray , Chen Yun-Ju , Wang Jia-Kang 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) alone and concurrent IVR with posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide (PSTA) injection for patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to IVR monotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We enrolled 43 eyes of 43 patients with DME who received at least three times of IVR, which resulted in poor anatomical responses, with central foveal thickness (CFT) reduction <10% and postinjection CFT >300 μm. All the eyes received initial 3 monthly then pro re nata (PRN) IVR 0.5-mg injections. Twenty eyes continued PRN injections and 23 eyes received combined IVR 0.5 mg and PSTA 40 mg with at least 1-year follow-up. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CFT were recorded from 1-month to 1-year follow-up.

RESULTS:
Following switch to combined therapy, the mean BCVA significantly improved from 0.61 ± 0.32 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.45±0.39 logMAR at 6 month (P = 0.003), 0.43±0.35 logMAR at 9 months (P < 0.001), and 0.48±0.45 logMAR at 1 year (P = 0.03). In eyes with IVR alone, no significant VA improvement was noted throughout the year. Significantly better BCVA was noted in the combined group at 6-month, 9-month, and 1-year follow-up compared to IVR-alone group. The timing of combined therapy showed a significant association with 1-year BCVA (t = 3.25, P = 0.018).

CONCLUSION:
Concurrent IVR and PSTA resulted in significantly better visual outcomes in 1-year follow-up for those refractory to preceding ranibizumab monotherapy for DME. Early addition of PSTA predicted a better visual outcome.
Retinopathy of prematurity in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Badeeb Nooran , Raffa Lina , AhmedHussain Huda , Bamefleh Dania , Mgharbil Enas , Alessa Sarah , Alamri Aliaa , Albahiti Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE:
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a preventable blinding disorder affecting preterm infants. To date, maternal risk factors have not been studied in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to identify possible maternal risk factors for any stage and type 1 ROP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 295 preterm infants screened for ROP between November 2013 and December 2018 at a Saudi Arabian tertiary-care hospital were included. We included infants with a gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) ≤1500 g. We analyzed 28 maternal and neonatal risk factors.

RESULTS:
The incidence of ROP at any stage and Type 1 were 31.9% and 7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the only maternal factor associated with any stage of ROP was spontaneous vaginal delivery (P = 0.049), but no maternal factor was an independent risk factor for type 1 ROP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified lower BW, lower gestational age and longer neonatal intensive care unit stay as independent risk factors for the development of ROP at any stage (P < 0.05). For Type 1 ROP, lower BW, and intraventricular hemorrhage were significant independent risk factors (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The only maternal risk factor related to ROP was spontaneous vaginal delivery, which increased the risk of any stage of ROP. The single most predictive risk factor for any stage of ROP and Type 1 ROP was low BW. These findings emphasize the role of the obstetrician in promoting health care and modifying maternal risk factors to prevent preterm births related to a low BW.
Pensar lo cotidiano, lo ordinario. Umgangssprache, infra-ordinaire e infrarrealismo
Authors: VAUTHIER Bénédicte 
Published: January 2021

En este artículo intento mostrar cómo el ‘pensamiento de lo ordinario’ que el filósofo americano Stanley Cavell (1926-2018) elaboró primero a partir de la filosofía del lenguaje ordinario de John L. Austin y del segundo Wittgenstein y el trascendentalismo de Emerson (y Thoreau) e identificó luego con la comedia de enredo matrimonial hollywoodiana, puede entrar en consonancia con la reflexión estética y ética de algunos escritores españoles de los años 1920-1930 especialmente atentos a « eso que está ahí ». Dos facetas de la obra de Benjamín Jarnés (1888-1949) sirven luego para ilustrar esta inesperada proximidad: su valoración del infrarrealismo orteguiano, acercamiento a lo nimio ; su pasión por el cine de los años treinta, en particular, los primeros dibujos animados, emblema de la gracia artística, cuya misión —igual que la experiencia en Cavell— es unir a los hombres, reinstaurando una relación de reconocimiento entre ellos.
Before and After the Sin Tax Law: Perceived Changes in Tertiary Government Hospitals by Inpatients and Healthcare Workers
Authors: Lasco Gideon D. , Duya Jose Eduardo DL. , Sanchez Josephine H. , Dans Antonio L. 
Published: January 2021

Background. The implementation of the “Sin Tax Law” (RA 10351) in 2013 has increased revenues for healthcare in the Philippines. What changes have taken place in government hospitals since the passage of the law? This qualitative study sought to answer this question by presenting perspectives from patients, doctors, and nurses.
Methods. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) and eight semi-structured interviews (SSIs) were conducted among patients, doctors, and nurses in two tertiary government hospitals in Metro Manila, Philippines.
Results. Significant changes noted by study participants over the past several years included increased financial assistance for patients as well as improvements in health services and continuity of care. However, their narratives underscored shortcomings in human resources and facilities, raising questions of ‘absorptive capacity’.
Conclusion. Given that the Sin Tax Law was the main policy intervention to which the changes reported by study participants can be attributed, the study provides a strong case for a continuation - if not expansion - of the Law, with the recommendation that increased health revenue should also translate to greater support for healthcare workers and enhanced health facilities. As these insights may be overlooked by traditional metrics, the study also recommends that policymakers consider qualitative studies in evaluating the efficacy of health care reforms.
Mapping the Influence of Socioeconomic Development Plans on Philippine Health Research Agenda: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Ruiz Arlene S. , Sales Reneepearl Kim P. , Magdaraog Maria Angeli C. , Dizon Teddy S. , Geroy Lester Sam A. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Understanding and addressing social determinants of health through evidence-based action is a strategy that has been advocated by the World Health Organization as part of its “Health for All” strategy in 1978 and “Health in All Policies“ framework in 2013. It has then been recommended that the research agenda-setting process should be informed by socio-economic development plans with the specific aim of gathering data on social, economic, and cultural conditions that affect health.
Objective. This paper reviewed the PDP 2011-2016, PDP 2017-2022, MDGs, and SDGs and identified common directions with the NUHRA 2011-2016 and 2017-2022.
Methods. A content analysis of the three identified priorities of the NUHRA vis-a-vis the PDP 2011-2016, the PDP 2017-2022, the MDGs, and the SDGs was done in order to identify harmonization of the priorities of the NUHRAs targets and indicators with those of the other plans and agendas. A gap analysis across all topics was done to identify links and gaps.
Results. The results established the common ground between health research priorities and international and national plans. Comparing the number of direct relationships between the NUHRAs, PDPs, MDGs, and SDGs, it was noted that there were more direct links between NUHRA 2017-2022, PDP 2017-2022, and the SDGs compared to NUHRA 2011-2016, PDP 2011-2016, and MDGs. The direct links were mostly found in 1) maternal, newborn and child health, 2) health systems, 3) communicable diseases, 4) water, sanitation, and hygiene, 5) environment, and 6) infrastructure development.
Conclusion. The NUHRAs may serve as pathways to achieve the goals stipulated in other socio-economic development plans. The relationships of these to health are complex, nonlinear and often the effects manifest after a long period of time, and as such require rigorous research.
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Geriatric Patients in Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital
Authors: Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Radithia Desiana , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Ernawati Diah Savitri 
Published: January 2021

Background. Population aged 60 years old and above are growing in number; a fact that will have an impact on general and oral health in the future. Oral health is often overlooked in the management of geriatric patients but it is vital to have a knowledged-based practice in order to increase the quality of life of elderly patients.
Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine the number and types of oral mucosal lesions in geriatric patients who come to the Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital.
Methods. This is an observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Intraoral soft tissue examination was performed on geriatric patients coming to the hospital between March and December 2018.
Results. One hundred twenty-four (124) new geriatric patients came to the hospital. A total of 152 oral lesions from 63 geriatric patients (50.81%) were identified. Overall, coated tongue (55.56%) was the most frequently detected lesion, followed by linea alba buccalis (31.74%) and lingual varicosities (26.98%).
Conclusion. Coated tongue or white tongue is the most frequently detected oral mucosal lesion, often caused by poor oral hygiene. The dentist should be able to recognize and differentiate them from the worrisome lesions and decide on the appropriate treatment in geriatric patients.
Growth Rate in CXC STEM Subject Entries: Implications for Meeting the Development Needs of the Caribbean
Authors: Griffith Stafford A. 
Published: January 2021

After years of emphasizing the need to prepare students with skills acquired though the study of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) for the demands of the job market and to support economic development, there is a need to assess the extent to which subject entries for end of secondary school examinations in the Caribbean reflect change in this direction. Such an assessment was undertaken by examining the extent to which students are taking STEM clusters of subjects in the May/June Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) examinations of the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC). It was found that the number and percentage of entries for STEM subjects were higher than those for the overall CSEC subject entries. A low rate of positive growth was noted in many clusters of STEM subjects along with periods of negative growth. It was concluded that, at best, the growth rate in STEM subject entries was anaemic. In view of the importance of the STEM subjects in preparing secondary school students both for the world of work and for advanced studies that will provide critical advanced skills required in the workforce of the twenty-first century, more effective policy and policy implementation in education must be pursued in the Region to ensure a sharper focus on STEM education at the secondary level.
MEDEIA. DA AFIRMAÇÃO DO HUMANO À NEGAÇÃO DO DIVINO
Authors: Gonçalves Thais Luz Resende 
Published: January 2021

A pesquisa que comunicamos apresenta uma possibilidade de leitura da peça trágica Medeia, escrita pelo poeta Eurípides em 431 a.C., considerando a possibilidade que encontramos de leitura de múltiplas faces da personagem Medeia, marcadas por tensões que culminam na realização da peripécia – conceito extraído da Poética de Aristóteles. A peripécia, por sua vez, é interpretada dialeticamente, de modo a mostrar a originalidade de Eurípides. O prólogo do texto funciona como uma grande didascálica apresentando, portanto, essas faces de Medeia previamente anunciadas. Diante das faces que Medeia assume constituem-se figuras que identificamos como uma tríplice ambiguidade, quais sejam: Medeia transitando entre a passionalidade e a racionalidade, entre mulher bárbara e grega e a maior e mais importante ambiguidade, Medeia entre a figura humana e a figura divina. Sob essa perspectiva propomos que a construção da personagem Medeia é um expediente dialético.
Regulation and function of central nervous system chemokines
Authors: Glabinski A.R. , Tani M. , Aras S. , Stoler M.H. , Tuohy V.K. , Ransohoff R.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the potential involvement of a new family of cytokines, termed chemokines, in CNS inflammatory pathology. Chemokines are a family of proinflammatory cytokines which are able to stimulate target‐cell‐specific directional migration of leukocytes. Because of this feature, chemokines may be potent mediators of inflammatory processes. We have previously reported observations indicating that chemokines may be involved in the process of lesion formation during autoimmune inflammation within CNS, and, in particular, are likely participants in the process of influx of inflammatory cells into the CNS parenchyma. We observed also that mechanical injury of brain and subsequent post‐traumatic inflammation may in part be mediated by chemokines. Chemokines undoubtedly co‐operate with cell‐associated adhesion molecules during recruitment of leukocytes from blood to CNS. The sequential expression of soluble and membrane‐bound signals for leukocyte migration is an intricate process that can be interrupted by a variety of strategies. Our data suggest that chemokines may represent a promising target for future therapy of inflammatory conditions, including CNS inflammation resulting from varied insults.
Developmental localization of GAP‐43 and olfactory marker protein in rat olfactory bulb transplants
Authors: Kott Jon N. , Westrum Lesnick E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn an effort to identify and understand the laminar disorganization that occurs in the transplanted (TX) rat olfactory bulb (OB), we examined the development of fiber systems within these TX OBs. One antibody for olfactory marker protein (OMP) was used to identify axons of mature olfactory receptor neurons (ONs) and a second antibody, for a growth‐associated protein (GAP‐43), provided a marker for all extending or immature fibers. Donor OBs were taken from fetuses on embryonic days 14 or 15 (sperm‐positive day is zero) and TX directly into the cavity produced by removal of an OB in 1‐day‐old hosts of the same strain. After survival times of I and 2 weeks and at maturity, adjacent 8 pm paraffin sections from the TX material were examined for OMP and GAP‐43 reactivity.Fiber bundles, reactive for OMP, were found within the TX by 1 week post‐TX, indicating rapid reinnervation of the donor OB by ONs. The appearance of OMP reactivity gradually shifted from tightly packed, well‐defined fiber bundles at 1 week post‐TX to a diffuse reticulated pattern of individual fibers emerging from bundles at maturity. The OMP‐reactive fiber bundles of the TX OB also contained GAP‐43‐reactive fibers, but GAP‐43 reactivity also extended to other (OMP‐negative) bundles and fields. Reactivity for GAP‐43 in the TX OB was nearly ubiquitous at 2 weeks post‐TX but, as development progressed (in both the TX and normal OB), such reactivity gradually decreased. Thus, while maturation in sensory afferent fiber systems in the TX OB may be delayed, it eventually follows a pattern similar to that in the normal OB, suggesting that factors other than the timing of fiber extension may be responsible for the laminar disorganization of the TX OB.
Development of vulnerability to hypoxic damage in in vitro hippocampal neurons
Authors: Di Loreto Silvia , Balestrino Maurizio 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between sensitivity to hypoxia and culture age in in vitro hippocampal neurons. Hypoxia was induced by 24 hr incubation in an oxygen‐free environment. Up to 6 days in vitro (DIV) mortality was very low or negligible, with few exceptions. Starting at 7 DIV, significant mortality began to be observed: in the age range 7–10 DIV, mortality of 50% or more was observed in five out of 11 experiments (45%) and average mortality was 51 ± 15% (mean standard deviation, N = 11). In older (12–18 DIV) cultures, mortality of 50% or more was the rule (13 out of 13 experiments) and average mortality was 83±16% (mean±standard deviation, N = 13). The data could be fitted by a sigmoid line (r = 0.87, P < 10−6) in which 50% mortality corresponds to 8.6 DIV. The N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate antagonist amino‐phosphono‐valerate and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitroarginine both provided protection. Degree of protection was comparable for the two compounds, but was not observed in cultures younger than approximately 7 DIV. By contrast, exogenous creatine was not protective, at variance with findings from other models. The data represent the first description of how sensitivity to hypoxic damage varies during the lifetime of an in vitro neuronal hippocampal culture. Moreover, they suggest the hypothesis that some maturational changes occurring at 7–9 days in vitro may make previously resistant in vitro neurons significantly sensitive to hypoxic damage, and that at least some of these changes may reflect the development of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐mediated glutamatergic transmission.
Economic impact of using mirtazapine compared to amitriptyline and fluoxetine in the treatment of moderate and severe depression in the UK
Authors: Borghi J. , Guest J.F. 
Published: July 2002

summaryThis study modelled the economic impact of mirtazapine, compared to amitriptyline and fluoxetine, in the management of moderate and severe depression in the UK, as well as the costs related to discontinuation of antidepressant treatment.Decision models of the management of moderate and severe depression were developed from clinical trial data, resource use obtained from interviews with general practitioners and psychiatrists, and published literature, and were used to estimate the expected direct National Health Service (NHS) costs of managing a patient with moderate or severe depression.The expected cost of healthcare resource use attributable to managing a patient suffering from moderate or severe depression who discontinues antidepressant treatment, irrespective of the initial treatment, was estimated to be £206 (range £50 to £504) over five months.Using mirtazapine instead of amitriptyline for seven months increases the proportion of successfully treated patients by 21% (from 19.2 to 23.2%) and reduces the expected direct NHS cost by £35 per patient (from £448 to £413). Using mirtazapine instead of fluoxetine for six months increases the proportion of successfully treated patients by 22% (from 15.6 to 19.1%), albeit for an additional cost to the NHS of £27 per patient (from £394 to £420).In conclusion, this study suggests that mirtazapine is a cost-effective antidepressant compared to amitriptyline and fluoxetine in the management of moderate and severe depression in the UK.