bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide Gain Bidirectional Converters for Energy Storage System of Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Krishna Sankalp Gunturi Sri , Kumar Makkena Sasi , Sankar Pedapudi Siva , Sai Krishna Reddy Mule 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fuel-Cell Vehicles have gained reasonable popularity for its low emission, long driving range, and eco-friendly features. A converter of bi–directionalpower flow stands between the energy management system and the dc bus connected to the load through the inverter. Many converter topologies have been proposed for FCVs can be observed in the Electric vehicle market. Hence, there is a need of assessment of the popular topologies of the bidirectional DC-DC converters required to judge. This paper presents analysis and simulation studies between two converter topologies which employ inherent soft switching technique and set forth the suitable performance observed in PSIM 9.0 simulations.
Refractivity gradient of the first 1km of the troposphere for some selected stations in six geo-political zones in Nigeria
Authors: Fashade O O , Omotosho T V , Akinwumi S A , Olorunyomi K P 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the evaluation of refractivity gradient and the effective earth radius factor (k) analysed from the climatic profile values of air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure in the first 1Km of the troposphere over six (6) selected stations from the six geopolitical regions in Nigeria. The study utilized meteorological data from Satellite Sounding instrument by NASA USA. The meteorological parameters measured were extracted from MERRA MAIMCPASM V5.20 database software from January 2010 to December 2014 for each station. The result shows that the average values of the refractivity gradient and k-factor for the 5 years period of consideration are (40.2N-units/km and 0.797 ≈ 1.0N) for Abuja, (40.3N-units/km and 0.792 ≈ 1.0N) for Enugu, (47N-units/km and 0.773 ≈ 1.0N) for Lagos, (43N–units/km and 0.788 ≈ 1.0N) for Port-Harcourt, (26.4N–units/km and 0.862 ≈ 1.0) for Sokoto, (23.2N–units/km and 0.876 ≈ 1.0) for Maiduguri respectively. The outcome of the k-factor was dependent on the type of season and the variability of k-factor showed that the value of 1.33 recommended by the ITU will either underrate or overrate k-factor value in each of the station under consideration. In conclusion, the local radio propagation condition in the troposphere for the selected six stations in Nigeria are predominantly sub-refractive based on the k-factor which is43>k>0..
An investigation into some crop residues generation from farming activities and inherent energy potentials in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Alhassan E A , Olaoye J O , Olayanju T M A , Okonkwo C E 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent time, interest in energy generation from biological materials has been on the increase because of its environmental benefits. The use of these waste materials as feedstock in energy generation plants has been used in many industrial processes. The availability of these wastes is key to the sustainability of such a process. Resource assessment is an important step for planning and implementation of any energy workflow. This research studied the quantity of crop residues generated from farming of some crops in Kwara State and the potential energy contents inherent in them which when properly harnessed can help to alleviate the energy challenge in the state. The crops investigated were rice, maize, sorghum, soybean, and sugar cane. Relevant data were collected by visiting major farm establishments in the state and also the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR). Obtained production outputs for two farming seasons were analysed using the corresponding residue-to-crop ratios (RPR) to obtain the quantity of wastes generated and the corresponding unit conversion ratio for biomass energy content to obtain the inherent energy potentials. A total crop output of 2531.46 ton was obtained from the study with an estimated residue of 6047.02 tons, and inherent energy potential of 109201 GJ.
Influence of bentonite on clayey soil as a landfill baseliner materials
Authors: Olaoye R A , Afolayan O D , Oladeji V O , Sani R O 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the geometric population growth in developing nations comes increase in waste generation, these wastes ranging from industrial to agricultural to municipal solid waste calls for measure for its effective management and disposal so as to preserve the ecosystem. An effective measure of containing this large waste generated, is through the use of landfills which are designed and built to protect infiltration of leachates from decomposed waste to the groundwater. It is with this in mind, that this study seeks to assess the effect of bentonite (0 to 15%) on clayey soil as a base liner for landfills. In achieving this aim, two clayey samples gotten from a borrow site at a depth of 1.5 and 2.0m for samples A and B respectively were modified with bentonite. Particle size analysis, moisture-density relationship and permeability tests were performed on the test and the bentonite-modified samples in accordance with relevant standards. Result shows an increasing plasticity index, and liquid limit of both samples with increasing bentonite content. Permeability and dry densities of the samples decreases on bentonite modification. The application of bentonite modified the soil as it improves their plasticity and hydraulic properties. Bentonite modification made the clayey soil suitable for use as a liner material in landfills for municipal solid waste containment.
Absorption enhancement by transition metal doping in ZnS
Authors: Gurung Gautam , Ekanayaka Thilini K , Yost Andrew J , Paudel Tula R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Transition metal doping is an effective tool for controlling optical absorption in ZnS and hence the number of photons absorbed by photovoltaic devices. By using first principle density functional calculations, we compute the change in number of photons absorbed upon doping with a selected transition metal and found that Ni offers the best chance to improve the performance. This is attributed to the formation of defect states in the band gap of the host ZnS which give rise to additional dipole-allowed optical transition pathways between the conduction and valence band. Analysis of the defect level in the band gap shows that TM dopants do not pin Fermi levels in ZnS and hence the host can be made n- or p- type with other suitable dopants. The measured optical spectra from the doped solution processed ZnS nanocrystal supports our theoretical finding that Ni doping enhances optical absorption the most compared to Co and Mn doping.
Organic photodiodes: printing, coating, benchmarks, and applications
Authors: Strobel Noah , Seiberlich Mervin , Eckstein Ralph , Lemmer Uli , Hernandez-Sosa Gerardo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Organic photodiodes (OPDs) are set to enhance traditional optical detection technologies and open new fields of applications, through the addition of functionalities such as wavelength tunability, mechanical flexibility, light-weight or transparency. This, in combination with printing and coating technology will contribute to the development of cost-effective production methods for optical detection systems. In this review, we compile the current progress in the development of OPDs fabricated with the help of industrial relevant coating and printing techniques. We review their working principle and their figures-of-merit (FOM) highlighting the top device performances through a comparison of material systems and processing approaches. We place particular emphasis in discussing methodologies, processing steps and architectural design that lead to improved FOM. Finally, we survey the current applications of OPDs in which printing technology have enabled technological developments while discussing future trends and needs for improvement.
A review on glass welding by ultra-short laser pulses
Authors: Cvecek Kristian , Dehmel Sarah , Miyamoto Isamu , Schmidt Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Glass welding by ultra-short pulsed (USP) lasers is a piece of technology that offers high strength joints with hermetic sealing. The joints are typically formed in glass that is transparent to the laser by exploiting nonlinear absorption effects that occur under extreme conditions. Though the temperature reached during the process is on the order of a few 1000 °C, the heat affected zone (HAZ) is confined to only tens of micrometers. It is this controlled confinement of the HAZ during the joining process that makes this technology so appealing to a multitude of applications because it allows the foregoing of a subsequent tempering step that is typically essential in other glass joining techniques, thus making it possible to effectively join highly heat sensitive components. In this work, we give an overview on the process, development and applications of glass welding by USP lasers.
Appropriation Art, Fair Use, and Metalinguistic Negotiation
Authors: Cantalamessa Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Appropriation art (AA) involves the use of pre-existing works of art with little to no transformation. Works of AA (often) fail to satisfy established criteria for originality, such as creative labour and transformative use. As such, appropriation artists are often subject to copyright lawsuits and defend their work under the fair use doctrine of US copyright law. In legal cases regarding AA and fair use, judges lack a general principle whereby they can determine whether or not the offending party has ‘transformed’ the original work. Further, it is not the case that there is some antecedent fact that could determine the outcome one way or another. I diagnose debates surrounding the transformative nature of works of AA as cases of ‘metalinguistic negotiation’ over what concepts we should attach to terms like ‘copy’, ‘transformative’, and ‘work of art’.
Are Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Claims Related to Risk Factors in Workplaces of the Manufacturing Industry?
Authors: Bao Stephen , Howard Ninica , Lin Jia-Hua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Varied work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) claim rates were found between companies even when they were in the same sectors with similar sizes. This study aimed to (i) identify common risk factors for back, shoulder, hand/wrist, and knee WMSDs among manufacturing jobs, and (ii) characterize the biomechanical exposures in jobs and work organizational practices between high and low WMSD claim rate companies so that more focused, industry-specific intervention strategies may be developed.

Methods
Using historical workers’ compensation data, manufacturing companies were divided into two paired groups (low and high in the lower 25%ile and higher 75%ile, respectively). On-site job evaluations were conducted in 16 companies to determine job biomechanical risk levels. Management and workers’ representatives in 32 paired companies were interviewed to identify possible differences between management strategies and management/worker relationships. A total of 39 injured workers were also interviewed to gather information of self-reported injury causes and suggested preventive measures.

Results
Analyses of 432 job evaluations showed that more jobs had higher risk levels of prolonged standing and heavy lifting in the high back WMSD claim rate companies than the low claim rate ones. No high biomechanical risk factors were found to be associated with jobs in high shoulder claim rate companies. High repetition, pinch force, and Strain Index were associated with high hand/wrist WMSD claim rate companies. High work pace and job stress were common among high knee WMSD claim rate companies. There were no statistically significant differences for the organizational factors between high and low WMSD claim rate companies. Heavy lifting, fast work pace, high hand/wrist repetition, high hand force, and awkward shoulder postures were identified as major contributing factors by the injured workers.

Conclusions
High WMSD claim rate companies appeared to have more high biomechanical exposure jobs than low WMSD claim rate companies. Available job evaluation methods for the low back and hand/wrists are satisfactory in quantifying job risk levels in the manufacturing industry. Research into more sensitive job evaluation methods for the shoulder and knee are needed.
Outcomes of a Safety and Health Educational Intervention in Auto Body and Machine Tool Technologies Vocational College Programs: The Technical Education Curricula for Health and Safety (TECHS) Study
Authors: Bejan Anca , Xi Min , Parker David L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Technical Education Curricula for Health and Safety (TECHS) is a research collaboration between safety and health professionals and vocational instructors in three Minnesota colleges. Curriculum materials, including full and refresher modules with of classroom presentations, lab activities, homework, and quizzes, were developed for auto body collision technology (ABCT) and machine tool technology (MTT) programs. Curricula were implemented during the 2015–2018 academic years. Graduates’ safety-related knowledge, skills, work practices, and workplace safety climate were assessed 1 year postgraduation using an electronic survey. Responses were received from 71 ABCT and 115 MTT graduates. Classroom presentations were used consistently throughout the study. Instructors cited a lack of time as the main barrier to using other materials (lab activities, homework, and quizzes). Graduates with TECHS instruction had significantly greater safety-related knowledge overall (both trades) as well as in two topic areas: eye and respiratory protection (ABCT) and hearing protection and machine guarding (MTT). Our data confirm that nearly all graduates consistently engage in practices such as use of safety glasses, hearing protection, and respirators, use of machine guards, material handling strategies. At 1 year postgraduation, MTT graduates’ work practices related to machine guarding improved significantly. Graduates with TECHS instruction had improved in about half of the work practices, but statistical significance was not achieved. Graduates’ self-reported work practices were not significantly correlated with their knowledge or skills. Work practices variability was best explained by graduates’ attitudes toward safety rules and their rating of the workplace safety climate. TECHS findings confirm that classroom instruction alone has little impact on graduates’ work practices. We propose institutions formalize their commitment to safety and health education by ear-marking teaching time for this subject and providing assistance to instructors to facilitate curricula integration. Instructors would benefit from learning more about trade-specific safety and health, and adult education teaching methods. Additional research is needed to understand how students’ attitudes toward safety change during vocational college attendance and the first year of employment in the trade, explore implementation supports and barriers at institutional and instructor levels, and assess educational effectiveness beyond the end of the academic program. The entire curricula are available on the study website www.votechsafety.net.
Machine learning and its applications in plant molecular studies
Authors: Sun Shanwen , Wang Chunyu , Ding Hui , Zou Quan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The advent of high-throughput genomic technologies has resulted in the accumulation of massive amounts of genomic information. However, biologists are challenged with how to effectively analyze these data. Machine learning can provide tools for better and more efficient data analysis. Unfortunately, because many plant biologists are unfamiliar with machine learning, its application in plant molecular studies has been restricted to a few species and a limited set of algorithms. Thus, in this study, we provide the basic steps for developing machine learning frameworks and present a comprehensive overview of machine learning algorithms and various evaluation metrics. Furthermore, we introduce sources of important curated plant genomic data and R packages to enable plant biologists to easily and quickly apply appropriate machine learning algorithms in their research. Finally, we discuss current applications of machine learning algorithms for identifying various genes related to resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Broad application of machine learning and the accumulation of plant sequencing data will advance plant molecular studies.
Molecular dynamics simulations for genetic interpretation in protein coding regions: where we are, where to go and when
Authors: Galano-Frutos Juan J , García-Cebollada Helena , Sancho Javier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe increasing ease with which massive genetic information can be obtained from patients or healthy individuals has stimulated the development of interpretive bioinformatics tools as aids in clinical practice. Most such tools analyze evolutionary information and simple physical–chemical properties to predict whether replacement of one amino acid residue with another will be tolerated or cause disease. Those approaches achieve up to 80–85% accuracy as binary classifiers (neutral/pathogenic). As such accuracy is insufficient for medical decision to be based on, and it does not appear to be increasing, more precise methods, such as full-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit solvent, are also discussed. Then, to describe the goal of interpreting human genetic variations at large scale through MD simulations, we restrictively refer to all possible protein variants carrying single-amino-acid substitutions arising from single-nucleotide variations as the human variome. We calculate its size and develop a simple model that allows calculating the simulation time needed to have a 0.99 probability of observing unfolding events of any unstable variant. The knowledge of that time enables performing a binary classification of the variants (stable-potentially neutral/unstable-pathogenic). Our model indicates that the human variome cannot be simulated with present computing capabilities. However, if they continue to increase as per Moore’s law, it could be simulated (at 65°C) spending only 3 years in the task if we started in 2031. The simulation of individual protein variomes is achievable in short times starting at present. International coordination seems appropriate to embark upon massive MD simulations of protein variants.
Mining single-cell time-series datasets with Time Course Inspector
Authors: Dobrzyński Maciej , Jacques Marc-Antoine , Pertz Olivier 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Summary
Thanks to recent advances in live cell imaging of biosensors, microscopy experiments can generate thousands of single-cell time-series. To identify sub-populations with distinct temporal behaviours that correspond to different cell fates, we developed Time Course Inspector (TCI)—a unique tool written in R/Shiny to combine time-series analysis with clustering. With TCI it is convenient to inspect time-series, plot different data views and remove outliers. TCI facilitates interactive exploration of various hierarchical clustering and cluster validation methods. We showcase TCI by analysing a single-cell signalling time-series dataset acquired using a fluorescent biosensor.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/pertzlab/shiny-timecourse-inspector.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MILES: a Java tool to extract node-specific enriched subgraphs in biomolecular networks
Authors: Moris Pieter , Bui-Thi Danh , Laukens Kris , Meysman Pieter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Summary
The growing availability of biomolecular networks has led to a need for analysis methods that are able to extract biologically meaningful information from these complex data structures. Here we present MILES (MIning Labeled Enriched Subgraphs), a Java-based subgraph mining tool for discovering motifs that are associated to a given set of nodes of interest, such as a list of genes or proteins, in biomolecular networks. It provides a unique extension to the widely used enrichment analysis methodologies by integrating network structure and functional annotations in order to discern novel biological subgraphs which are enriched in the targets of interest. The tool can handle various types of input data, including (un)directed, (un)connected and multi-label networks, and is thus compatible with most types of biomolecular networks.

Availability and implementation
MILES is available as a platform-independent Java application at https://github.com/pmoris/miles-subgraph-miner alongside a user manual, example datasets and the source code.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Testing conditional mean independence for functional data
Authors: Lee C E , Zhang X , Shao X 
Published: November 2019

Summary
We propose a new nonparametric conditional mean independence test for a response variable $Y$ and a predictor variable $X$ where either or both can be function-valued. Our test is built on a new metric, the so-called functional martingale difference divergence, which fully characterizes the conditional mean dependence of $Y$ given $X$ and extends the martingale difference divergence proposed by Shao & Zhang (2014). We define an unbiased estimator of functional martingale difference divergence by using a $\mathcal{U}$-centring approach, and we obtain its limiting null distribution under mild assumptions. Since the limiting null distribution is not pivotal, we use the wild bootstrap method to estimate the critical value and show the consistency of the bootstrap test. Our test can detect the local alternative which approaches the null at the rate of $n^{-1/2}$ with a nontrivial power, where $n$ is the sample size. Unlike the three tests developed by Kokoszka et al. (2008), Lei (2014) and Patilea et al. (2016), our test does not require a finite-dimensional projection or assume a linear model, and it does not involve any tuning parameters. Promising finite-sample performance is demonstrated via simulations, and a real-data illustration is used to compare our test with existing ones.