bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent involvement of gut mast cells and histamine in post-stroke inflammation
Authors: Blasco Maria Pilar , Chauhan Anjali , Honarpisheh Pedram , Ahnstedt Hilda , d’Aigle John , Ganesan Arunkumar , Ayyaswamy Sriram , Blixt Frank , Venable Susan , Major Angela , Durgan David , Haag Anthony , Kofler Julia , Bryan Robert , McCullough Louise D. , Ganesh Bhanu Priya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Risk of stroke-related morbidity and mortality increases significantly with age. Aging is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is thought to contribute to the poorer outcomes after stroke seen in the elderly. Histamine (HA) is a major molecular mediator of inflammation, and mast cells residing in the gut are a primary source of histamine.

Methods
Stroke was induced in male C57BL/6 J mice at 3 months (young) and 20 months (aged) of age. Role of histamine after stroke was examined using young (Yg) and aged (Ag) mice; mice underwent MCAO surgery and were euthanized at 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-ischemia; sham mice received the same surgery but no MCAO. In this work, we evaluated whether worsened outcomes after experimental stroke in aged mice were associated with age-related changes in mast cells, histamine levels, and histamine receptor expression in the gut, brain, and plasma.

Results
We found increased numbers of mast cells in the gut and the brain with aging. Using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke, we demonstrate that stroke leads to increased numbers of gut mast cells and gut histamine receptor expression levels. These gut-centric changes are associated with elevated levels of HA and other pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, G-CSF, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the peripheral circulation. Our data also shows that post-stroke gut inflammation led to a significant reduction of mucin-producing goblet cells and a loss of gut barrier integrity. Lastly, gut inflammation after stroke is associated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota as early as 24-h post-stroke.

Conclusion
An important theme emerging from our results is that acute inflammatory events following ischemic insults in the brain persist longer in the aged mice when compared to younger animals. Taken together, our findings implicate mast cell activation and histamine signaling as a part of peripheral inflammatory response after ischemic stroke, which are profound in aged animals. Interfering with histamine signaling orally might provide translational value to improve stroke outcome.
Analysis of lung biopsies using the 2015 WHO criteria and detection of sensitizing mutations——a single-institution experience of 5032 cases
Authors: Zeng Yupeng , Zhu Yunxiang , Ding Ying , Xu Liuyang , Zhai Boya , Zhang Xiang , Ge Qiaoyun , Li Jiao , Song Qiyuan , Li Xiao , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
A specialized classification for small biopsies was added to the 2015 WHO classification of lung tumors. The purpose of this study is to explore and summarize the experience of applying the newly proposed classifications and criteria to clinical practice.

Methods
We used the 2015 WHO criteria to sort out 5032 small lung biopsies from a group of Chinese patients, and demonstrated their clinicopathological features, mutational status and the relationship between these factors.

Results
The most common diagnosis was primary lung carcinoma (3130, 62.2%), among which adenocarcinoma (1421, 28.2%) was the most frequent histological type. The mutational assays using ARMS-PCR technology demonstrated that EGFR was positive in 56.1% cases(499/889, from adenocarcinoma and NSCC, favor adenocarcinoma), ALK in 5.7% cases(12/211, from NSCC, which comprised all the primary lung carcinomas except small cell carcinomas), and ROS1 in 0.9% cases(2/211, from NSCC). Another 898 NSCC specimens went through an immunohistochemical (IHC) examination for ALK (D5F3) and 38 of them were positive (4.2%). The overall mutation rate of ALK was 4.5% (50/1119). There was no significant difference between ARMS-PCR and immunohistochemistry in the positive rate of ALK mutation detection (P = 0.359). EGFR mutations (P = 0.02) and ALK mutations (P < 0.001) both decreased with an increasing patient age. Furthermore, the amount of EGFR mutations was higher in adenocarcinoma (64.1% vs 34.1%, P < 0.001) than in NSCC, favor adenocarcinoma. In contrast, ALK mutations were more common in NSCC, favor adenocarcinoma (4.2% vs 8.4%, P = 0.021).

Conclusions
This single-center study exhibited a large subset of small lung biopsies from a Chinese institution and demonstrated that applying the 2015 WHO classification for small lung biopsies can help predict the mutational status of primary lung carcinomas.
Wild plants and fungi sold in the markets of Yerevan (Armenia)
Authors: Nanagulyan Siranush , Zakaryan Narine , Kartashyan Nune , Piwowarczyk Renata , Łuczaj Łukasz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to record wild plants and fungi sold in the capital of Armenia. This is the first large market survey in the Caucasus region. The area of the Caucasus is characterised by a very high diversity of climates, flora and languages which results in very rich traditions of plant use.

Methods
Interviews were conducted and photos and voucher specimens were taken during multiple visits made over 4 years. We studied 37 locations and 136 people were interviewed.

Results
As many as 163 plant species, belonging to 44 families and 110 genera, were recorded on Yerevan markets. This included 148 wild food species, 136 medicinal species, 45 species sold for decoration, 15 species of wood and 9 species of insect repellents. Also 14 wild species of fungi were sold, including 12 food species.

Conclusions
The list of plants sold in the markets of Yerevan is very extensive and diverse, and includes many species of wild fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants, some of them never listed in ethnobotanical directories before. A characteristic feature of this market is a large representation of lacto-fermented products. Some of the species sold in Yerevan have never been reported as human food either in wild edible plant word lists or in ethnobotanical publications, e.g. Angelica tatianae, Ferulago setifolia and Heracleum chorodanum. Fungi are also well represented.
Optimising and profiling pre-implementation contexts to create and implement a public health network intervention for tackling loneliness
Authors: Ellis J. , Band R. , Kinsella K. , Cheetham-Blake T. , James E. , Ewings S. , Rogers A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The implementation of complex interventions experiences challenges that affect the extent to which they become embedded and scaled-up. Implementation at scale in complex environments like community settings defies universal replication. Planning for implementation in such environments requires knowledge of organisational capacity and structure. Pre-implementation work is an important element of the early phase of preparing the setting for the introduction of an intervention, and the factors contributing towards the creation of an optimal pre-implementation community context are under-acknowledged.

Methods
To explore the factors contributing towards the creation of an optimal pre-implementation context, a quasi-ethnographic approach was taken. The implementation of a social network intervention designed to tackle loneliness in a community setting acts as the case in example. Observations (of meetings), interviews (with community partners) and documentary analysis (national and local policy documents and intervention resources) were conducted. Layder’s adaptive theory approach was taken to data analysis, with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and a typology of third-sector organisations used to interpret the findings.

Results
Community settings were found to sit along a continuum with three broad categories defined as Fully Professionalised Organisations; Aspirational Community, Voluntary and Social Enterprises; and Non-Professionalised Community-Based Groups. The nature of an optimal pre-implementation context varied across these settings. Using the CFIR, the results illustrate that some settings were more influenced by political landscape (Fully professional and Aspirational setting) and others more influenced by their founding values and ethos (Non-Professionalised Community-Based settings). Readiness was achieved at different speeds across the categories with those settings with more resource availability more able to achieve readiness (Fully Professional settings), and others requiring flexibility in the intervention to help overcome limited resource availability (Aspirational and Non-Professionalised Community-Based settings).

Conclusions
The CFIR is useful in highlighting the multiple facets at play in creating the optimal pre-implementation context, and where flex is required to achieve this. The CFIR illuminates the similarities and differences between and across settings, highlighting the complexity of open system settings and the important need for pre-implementation work.

Trial registration
ISRCTN19193075
Radiotherapy for nonagenarians: the value of biological versus chronological age
Authors: Sprave Tanja , Rühle Alexander , Stoian Raluca , Weber Alina , Zamboglou Constantinos , Nieder Carsten , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Nicolay Nils H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The number of nonagenarian cancer patients (≥ 90 years) is continuously increasing, and radiotherapy is performed in a relevant proportion of patients, as surgery and chemotherapy are often not feasible for these patients. However, the evidence regarding the feasibility and treatment outcomes after radiotherapy for this patient group is very limited.

Methods
All nonagenarian patients receiving (chemo) radiotherapy between 2009 and 2019 at the University of Freiburg - Medical Center were analyzed for patterns of care, overall survival (OS) and therapy-associated toxicities according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Uni- and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the influence of patient- and treatment-related factors on patient outcomes.

Results
One hundred nineteen patients with a total of 137 irradiated lesions were included in this analysis. After a median follow-up of 27 months, median OS was 10 months with a 3-year OS amounting to 11.1%. Univariate analyses demonstrated that a reduced performance status (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.00–2.45, p < 0.05), a higher burden of comorbidities (HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.00–4.10, p < 0.05) and higher UICC tumor stages (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.14–4.26, p < 0.05) were associated with impaired survival rates. Split-course treatments (HR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.07–3.94, p < 0.05), non-completion of radiotherapy (HR = 7.17, 95% CI 3.88–13.26, p < 0.001) and palliative treatments (HR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.68–4.81, p < 0.05) were found to result in significantly reduced OS. In the multivariate analysis, split-course concepts (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.10–4.37, p < 0.05) and palliative treatments (HR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.77–5.75, p < 0.001) significantly deteriorated outcomes, while impaired ECOG status (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 0.91–2.43, p = 0.11) did not. The vast majority of patients reported either no (n = 40; 33.6%) or grade 1–2 acute toxicities (n = 66; 55.5%), and only very few higher-grade toxicities were observed in our study.

Conclusion
Radiotherapy for nonagenarian patients is generally feasible and associated with a low toxicity profile. Given the relatively poor OS rates and the importance of the quality of life for this patient group, individualized treatment regimens including hypofractionation concepts should be considered.
Reduction of pedestrian death rates: a missed global target
Authors: Yasin Yasin J. , Grivna Michal , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The UN Decade of Action for Road Safety aimed to reduce road traffic deaths by half by year 2020. We aimed to study risk factors affecting global pedestrian death rates overtime, and whether the defined target of its reduction by WHO has been achieved.

Methods
The studied variables were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Reports on Road Safety published over 2010–2018. These covered years 2007–2016 and included the estimated road traffic death rates per 100,000 population, policies to promote walking and cycling, enforcement levels of national speed limits, the gross national income per capita and the vehicle/person ratio in each country. A mixed linear model was performed to define the factors affecting the change of pedestrian death rates overtime.

Results
Global pedestrian mortality decreased by 28% over 10 years. This was significant between years 2007 and 2010 (p = 0.034), between years 2013 and 2016 (p = 0.002) but not between 2010 and 2013 (p = 0.06). Factors that reduced pedestrian death rates included time (p < 0.0001), GNI (p < 0.0001), and vehicle/person ratio (p < 0.0001). There was a significant drop overtime in both the middle-income, and high-income countries (p < 0.0001, Friedman test), but not in the low-income countries (p = 0.35, Friedman test).

Conclusions
Global pedestrian mortality has dropped by 28% over a recent decade, which is less than the 50% targeted reduction. This was mainly driven by improved GNI and using more vehicles. The economical gap between poor and rich countries has a major impact on pedestrian death rates.
Mental health in adolescents displaced by the armed conflict: findings from the Colombian national mental health survey
Authors: Marroquín Rivera Arturo , Rincón Rodríguez Carlos Javier , Padilla-Muñoz Andrea , Gómez-Restrepo Carlos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Colombia has one of the largest populations of internally displaced individuals by an armed conflict. However, there is no data demonstrating its effect on health, particularly in adolescents.

Purpose
To describe the prevalence and associations of mental illness in the adolescent population displaced by violence in Colombia.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), which provides data of mental health issues (SRQ), mental health disorders (CIDI-CAPI) and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Of the 1754 adolescents interviewed 5.3% (95% CI 4.1 to 6.9) mentioned a change in residence due to violence. Among them 38.5% lived in poverty compared to 23.6% of those non-displaced by the conflict. Suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt were present in 19.8% and 9.1% of displaced adolescents respectively, compared to 5.8% and 2.1% of non-displaced adolescents. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and any mental health disorder (measured with the CIDI-CAPI) was higher in the displaced population 12.3%, 11% respectively, in contrast to 2.1% and 7% of those non-displaced. Finally, anxiety and depressive disorders were more common among displaced adolescents.

Conclusion
A higher prevalence of mental health conditions and disorders is observed among displaced adolescents.
High-throughput screening of clinically approved drugs that prime nonviral gene delivery to human Mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kozisek Tyler , Hamann Andrew , Nguyen Albert , Miller Michael , Plautz Sarah , Pannier Angela K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are intensely researched for applications in cell therapeutics due to their unique properties, however, intrinsic therapeutic properties of hMSCs could be enhanced by genetic modification. Viral transduction is efficient, but suffers from safety issues. Conversely, nonviral gene delivery, while safer compared to viral, suffers from inefficiency and cytotoxicity, especially in hMSCs. To address the shortcomings of nonviral gene delivery to hMSCs, our lab has previously demonstrated that pharmacological ‘priming’ of hMSCs with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone can significantly increase transfection in hMSCs by modulating transfection-induced cytotoxicity. This work seeks to establish a library of transfection priming compounds for hMSCs by screening 707 FDA-approved drugs, belonging to diverse drug classes, from the NIH Clinical Collection at four concentrations for their ability to modulate nonviral gene delivery to adipose-derived hMSCs from two human donors.ResultsMicroscope images of cells transfected with a fluorescent transgene were analyzed in order to identify compounds that significantly affected hMSC transfection without significant toxicity. Compound classes that increased transfection across both donors included glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and antihypertensives. Notably, clobetasol propionate, a glucocorticoid, increased transgene production 18-fold over unprimed transfection. Furthermore, compound classes that decreased transfection across both donors included flavonoids, antibiotics, and antihypertensives, with the flavonoid epigallocatechin gallate decreasing transgene production − 41-fold compared to unprimed transfection.ConclusionsOur screen of the NCC is the first high-throughput and drug-repurposing approach to identify nonviral gene delivery priming compounds in two donors of hMSCs. Priming compounds and classes identified in this screen suggest that modulation of proliferation, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis is vital for enhancing nonviral gene delivery to hMSCs.
Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis infection and clinico-epidemiological patterns among military personnel in Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi districts of the Northern Province, early war-torn areas in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunathilaka Nayana , Semege Saveen , Pathirana Nishantha , Manamperi Nuwani , Udayanga Lahiru , Wijesinghe Harshima , Premaratne Prasad , Fernando Deepika 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The 30-year-old armed conflict in Sri Lanka resulted in a general breakdown of civil administration in the Northern and Eastern provinces, leading to mobilisation of many armed forces personnel to assist with reconstruction and resettlement. This occupational group has been identified as a priority risk group for leishmaniasis.

Methods
Individuals enlisted at all military establishments in Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi districts, Northern Province of Sri Lanka were included. Five thousand individuals were screened for skin lesions between September 2018 and August 2019. Persons with lesions suspected as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were further investigated. Information on sociodemographic/other potential risk factors was obtained through an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic visualization of parasitic stages from different samples obtained (skin scraping, lesion aspirate and tissue impression smears), histopathology and polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification.

Results
Among 5000 individuals screened, 74 individuals were suspected of having CL. Of these, 67.6% (n = 50) patients were confirmed for CL by microscopy. Around two third of both males (67.6%; n = 48) and females (66.6%; n = 2) were positive for Leishmania. The soldiers belonging to 26–35-year age group reported the highest susceptibility (83.3%; OR: 4.83, 95% CI: 3.49–6.20%). Of the sociodemographic factors, age, wearing short-sleeved upper body clothing as the uniform and non-use of insect repellents were identified as significant risk factors. Most of the CL patients had a single lesion (86.0%; n = 43) of an ulcerative type (34.0%; n = 17), mostly on their upper limb (67.9%; n = 34). Lesions were mostly 5–10 mm diameter (59.9%; n = 30) in size with poorly defined margins (72.0%; n = 36). Amongst the diagnostic techniques, microscopic examination of slit skin smear and tissue impression smear were able to discriminate the majority of patients (92.1%; n = 46) for CL.

Conclusions
In order to highlight the true burden of leishmaniasis in the military personnel, cases of leishmaniasis from military institutes should be recognized as a different entity per say and be included in the national figures so as to depict the real magnitude of the disease burden amongst this high-risk group.
Feasibility of renal resistive index measurements performed by an intermediate and novice sonographer in a volunteer population
Authors: Renberg Mårten , Kilhamn Naima , Lund Kent , Hertzberg Daniel , Rimes-Stigare Claire , Bell Max 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The Doppler-derived renal resistive index (RRI) is emerging as a promising bedside tool for assessing renal perfusion and risk of developing acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. It is not known what level of ultrasonography competence is needed to obtain reliable RRI values.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of RRI measurements by an intermediate and novice sonographer in a volunteer population.

Methods
After a focused teaching session, an intermediate (resident), novice (medical student) and expert sonographer performed RRI measurements in 23 volunteers consecutively and blinded to the results of one another. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots were used to evaluate interobserver reliability, bias and precision.

Results
Both non-experts were able to obtain RRI values in all volunteers. Median RRI in the population measured by the expert was 0.58 (interquartile range 0.52–0.62). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.90–0.98) for the intermediate and expert, and 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.69–0.94) for the novice and expert. In relation to the measurements of the expert, both non-experts showed negligible bias (mean difference 0.002 [95% confidence interval − 0.005 to 0.009, p = 0.597] between intermediate and expert, mean difference 0.002 [95% confidence interval − 0.011 to 0.015, p = 0.752] between novice and expert) and clinically acceptable precision (95% limits of agreement − 0.031 to 0.035 for the intermediate, 95% limits of agreement − 0.056 to 0.060 for the novice).

Conclusions
RRI measurements by both an intermediate and novice sonographer in a volunteer population were reliable, accurate and precise after a brief course. RRI is easy to learn and feasible within the scope of point-of-care ultrasound.
Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program in the antimicrobial-resistant and prevalence of clostridioides difficile infection and amount of antimicrobial consumed in cancer patients
Authors: Mardani Masoud , Abolghasemi Sara , Shabani Shiva 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
The The impact of a hospital antimicrobial stewardship was determined on antimicrobial-resistant, Clostridioides difficile rates and the amount of antimicrobial consumed in cancer patients.The intervention effects of antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) plans in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 were respectively evaluated among hematology/oncology and bone marrow transplant patients in Ayatollah Taleghani University Hospital, Tehran, Iran. In this interventional quasi-experimental study, the ASP repository was utilized to capture four survey questions encompassed in these immunocompromised patients: amount of antibiotics (meropenem and vancomycin) consumption gr-year, the number of positive Clostridioides difficile infection and multidrug-resistant positive cases in blood cultures.

Results
The number of MDR cases in the periods of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 were 145 and 75, respectively (p = 0.011). A significant reduction in all positive blood cultures from 2017–2018 to 2018–2019 was found (p = 0.001). 574 patients admitted to our hospital in these periods of 2017- 2018 and 2018- 2019were assessed for MPM and VMN use. The amounts of MPM prescriptions in 2018–2019 was significantly decreased from 22464 to 17262 g (p = 0.043). The significant reduction in antibiotic consumption, MDR organisms, and CDI can highly promote patients’ health and decreasing medical costs and long-term defects for patients.