bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palynological analysis to infer environmental dynamics of Muarajambi Temple compound
Authors: Sihombing F M H , Sirait S , Purnomo A , Sulistiowati D , Indra T L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Muarajambi Temple Compound situated in the side of a river in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Due to its vicinity to the river, the compound has experienced various geological event associated to the river sedimentation, such as river flood and alluvial sedimentation. We have collected two soil sample from beneath an excavated human-made structure in the sideway of a river. The first sample was collected right in bottom of the structure, while the second sample was collected around 20cm beneath the structure. Taking sample right beneath the structure is ideal for the analyses because this would avoid contamination after the temple construction. The pollen and spore content from these samples were analysed to understand its variation. From the analyses, we found that the first younger sample has larger AP (arboreal pollen) percentage but smaller NAP (non-arboreal pollen) compared to the second sample. This indicate that the vegetation is less dense in the first sample. This study might indicate the environmental changes due to human activities, particularly human activities around the temple compound which led to the construction of the temple compound itself.
Integrated analysis of spectral-decomposition, AI inversion and RMS amplitude attribute for determining sandstone reservoir distribution: A case study of ‘X’ field in Central Sumatera Basin
Authors: Suwondo  , Haris A , Riyanto A , Wiyono J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Sand A reservoir distribution in Bekasap Formation, ‘X’ Field, Central Sumatera Basin had been delineated using spectral decomposition, AI inversion, and RMS Amplitude attributes. There are onlapping feature of Bekasap Formation to the Basement High. The aim of this study is to identify the existence of oil reservoir in Bekasap Formation. The uncertainty of the subsurface model will be reduced with the integrated analysis. Spectral decomposition used frequencies of 20 Hz, 50 Hz, and 70 Hz. High amplitude with low frequency anomaly is showed by the 20 Hz frequency map and this anomaly considered as the reservoir zone. However, the amplitude anomalies are not showed by the two other frequency maps. This unique anomaly was verified by well data. The distribution of Top A reservoir was showed based on AI inversion, spectral decomposition of 20 Hz, and RMS attribute has direction of northeast-southwest on onlapping zone to the Basement High. This study concluded that combination of spectral decomposition, RMS Amplitude, and AI inversion analysis had been successful to delineate the sandstone reservoir.
Subsurface structure identification of ‘X’ geothermal prospect area based on gravity and magnetotelluric data
Authors: Sugiyo E W , Daud Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Exploration stage has the highest risk, due to discover the interest reservoir zone include high temperature and pressure, middle to high permeability, and non-acidic fluid. Permeability is one of the most difficult parameters to be determined in this stage. Fault zone could be able to control and provide fluid flow within reservoir. It is usually related to high permeability zone. Fault identification become an important and interesting parameter in to be explore. The aim of this research is identified subsurface structure to build up a conceptual model of geothermal system. The methods include magnetotelluric data analysis and 3D MT structure interpretation together with first horizontal derivative and second vertical derivative analysis of gravity data. Geochemistry and geology data are used as supporting data. There are structure types of normal and reverse fault identified in the research area. MT and gravity interpretation show that structures are direct to northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast. Up-flow zone is predicted between TPP-TPB manifestations. Structures supposed to highly contribute in providing permeability zone in the research area. Manifestations fluid have the characteristics of meteoric and magmatic fluid (volcano-hydrothermal system). The clay cap thickness average is predicted between 500–700 m. The reservoir thickness average is predicted between 1500–2000 m. Temperature estimation of the reservoir is 240–280 °C. Heat source might be located between TPB and TPP manifestations. Subsurface structure analysis might be useful to increase success ratio in drilling.
The effect of volcanism to the source rock maturity in Gunung Endut area: Insight for subvolcanic hydrocarbon exploration
Authors: Risman C , Setyowati T P , Febiansyah N , Sahdarani D N , Sihombing F M H , Aditiyo R , Supriyanto  , Indra T L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Banten region is known to have subvolcanic hydrocarbon system but no proven play despite oil seeps and the potential source rock have been identified in this area. A Geochemical analysis of source rock have been done on Gunung Endut, Banten Province. There are four coaly shale sample from Genteng Formation and Bojongmanik Formation collected and analysed in this study. The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of volcanic environment towards the quality, quantity and maturity of source rock based on TOC, pyrolysis, and vitrinite reflectance analyses. The result obtained showed TOC value between 8–18 wt% which indicated excellent petroleum potential from the source rock. In addition, Pyrolysis data showed S1 value between 0.05–0.19, S2 value between 1.52–11.53, S3 value between 4.10–7.57 and Tmax 414.8–523.2 °C. From both analyses, TOC and Pyrolysis, the source rock is categorized as Type 3 Kerogen producing gas and Type 4. Based on its maturity, three sample are categorized as immature while one specimen is categorized as postmature. Furthermore, Vitrinite Reflectance analysis result shows Ro value between 0.27–0.63 that support the result of pyrolysis analysis. Maturity anomaly found in the sample is presumed to be caused by intrusion that have been identified by the geological mapping in the same region. The condition on the surface may also reflect the source rock in the subsurface. A number of source rock in Banten region may be matured due to intrusion that related to volcanic activities. Subsurface zone with abundance igneous bodies will have different maturity compare to other area. Hence, it is important for petroleum exploration activities in Banten region or other volcanic area to properly identify the distribution of subsurface igneous body due to its effect to the source rock maturity.
Reservoir simulation of Ulumbu geothermal field using TOUGH2 and ITOUGH2 simulator
Authors: Yuono R T , Daud Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ulumbu geothermal field is classified as a natural two-phase geothermal system, located in the south of Mandosawu - Ranakah Old volcanics and Pocoleok, Flores Island. This field produces 4 x 2.5 MW electric power in 2014 until now with temperature between 230–240 °C. This study aims to perform reservoir simulation in the Ulumbu field. The reservoir simulation method aims to determine the reservoir characteristics of the geothermal field. This research used TOUGH2 and ITOUGH2 simulator to simulate the reservoir. The work concept from TOUGH2 is forward modeling while ITOUGH2 is inverse modeling. Both of methods will produce an output. The output of this research is natural state model that was validated by three wells of the actual measurement (pressure and temperature) and heat flow from the conceptual model. A pressure and temperature profiles are very representative with the data in the three wells. The reservoir location is between Poco Leok and Poco Rii (upflow zone) and continues to the southwest (outflow zone) with an average area of 10.5 km2. The top reservoir is at an elevation of 500 m, while the depth is up to -2000 m. Reservoir rock has a permeability value of around 10−14–10−15 m2, porosity value of 8–10 %, density value of 2500 kg/m3, and specific heat capacity value of 900 J/kgK. Temperature distribution results of the natural state model show the hydrogeological profile of the Ulumbu geothermal system. The natural state model is then used to help undertake a geothermal field development scenario, that is, to calculate resource reserves and to make recommendations for subsequent drilling zones.
Identification characteristics of volcanic deposits in Cimarga, Southeast Banten
Authors: Yekini M A , Sitorus F , Jabbar G A , Supriyanto  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Volcanic eruption(s) in the past occurred around rawa danau volcanic complex is marked by the presence of a caldera and widespread volcanic deposits in the Banten Province as Tuff Banten. This study aims to determine the possible mechanism of the eruption based on volcanic deposits. Moreover, this study will also present the prolonged research process to understand the dynamics of volcanic deposits in Banten. Field study and sampling of volcanic deposits were completed followed by thorough petrographic analysis. There are three outcrops all with different characteristics. There are 6 layers in outcrop 1. Out of six layers, layer 1 (P1) until layer 5 (P5) appear similar, consisting of pumice rich (as fragment) and lapilli layer, while layer 6 (P6) consists of massive ash. In outcrop 2, there are 5 layers, which show cross and parallel laminations in each layer. Outcrop 3 contains 3 layers with the top and bottom layers consisting of lithic and pumice lapilli that are medium in size. Based on grain size from each outcrop, grain size from outcrop 1 until outcrop 2 progress into finer grains. From these characteristics outcrops 1 indicated flow deposits, outcrop 2 indicated surge deposits, and outcrop 3 indicated flow deposits. Therefore the facies from all three outcrops lean towards medial to distal with outcrop 3 as a distal facies.
Reducing residual normal moveout by globally optimized generalized moveout approximation in vertically transverse isotropy (VTI) media
Authors: Kertanah  , Rosid M S , Purba H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The anisotropic phenomenon in wave propagation has been widely recognized on various scales. Knowledge of anisotropic effects is essential for interpretation and processing of seismic data. The existence of anisotropy leads to the moveout of nonhyperbolic even in a homogenous layer. A transversely isotropic medium with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) is a reasonable approximation of horizontally layered anisotropic medium. The approximation of travel time is important for reducing the residual normal moveout of layered VTI media. The aim of this study is to develop globally optimized generalized moveout approximation in reducing residual normal moveout in VTI media. A comparative analysis was carried out to recent method for given an ellipticity parameter (0 ≤ η ≥ 0.5 ) and wide offset depth to ratio (0 to 4). The result shows that the globally optimized generalized moveout approximation is better in reducing residual moveout at large offsets with a stronger anellipticity parameter than existing methods. This is essential for reducing the accumulation of error especially for deeper substructures.
Evaluation of shale hydrocarbon potential in upper Talang Akar formation based on laboratory geochemical data analysis and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) modelling
Authors: Azizah S G N , Haris A , Julikah  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In shale hydrocarbon exploration, shale acts as the source rock and reservoir rock. This study aims to evaluate the potentional of shale hydrocarbons based on the laboratory geochemical data and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) modelling. Evaluation of shale hydrocarbons in sthe study field was carried out on two wells, X-1 and X-3 wells with a target in the upper part of Talang Akar formation as a source rock. Geochemical data is needed for evaluating the quality of the source rock by looking at the total organic carbon content, the maturity, and the hydrocarbon produced by the source rock. Analysis of the laboratory geochemical data resulted that the shale of upper Talang Akar formation had enough potential and mature organic material and also will generate the hydrocarbon in oil form. One of the main parameters for the success of shale hydrocarbons exploration is to know the amount of organic material of the source rock. TOC obtained from laboratory geochemical data is discrete data. Therefore, TOC modelling is carried out to obtain prediction of continuous TOC in upper Talang Akar formation in both wells. This prediction uses three different methods, those are Passey, multiple linear regression, and neural network. Based on those three methods, neural network produces the best data. The correlation obtained from X-1 well and X-3 well using neural network method are 0.96 and 0.84 respectively.
Coast effects on 3-D inversion of magnetotelluric data for geothermal exploration in East Flores, Indonesia
Authors: Arafat Y , Daud Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nowadays geothermal exploration in Indonesia is beginning to reach small islands, most of which have a prospect in the coastal area. This has influences on the MT data modelling due to the distortion of the electric field component caused by the extreme contrast of resistivity between land and sea. In these conditions, it is necessary to apply the correction of the coast effects. The seawater resistivity (0.3 Ωm) must be included in the 3-D MT modelling. A simulation was conducted to observe coast effects on 3-D MT modelling. Forward 3-D MT modelling is done to obtain synthetic data to compare homogeneous model and coast effects model. The simulation results show that the presence of seawater affects all MT data frequencies, but the most significant distortion occurs in the low frequency. The affected frequency range correlates with the distance between the MT station and seawater. If the distance of MT station to the sea is getting closer, then the disturbed frequency range is greater, and vice versa. The results of 3-D inversion of MT real data with the coast effects model are used to construct a conceptual model for geothermal systems in East Flores. The interpretation shows that the geothermal prospect area in the field is around Mount Anging. This research is expected to be a consideration for drilling recommendations and further development.
Identification of flood potential in Rawa Danau, Banten Province based morphometry and satellite image analysis
Authors: Haidiati F C , Syahputra R , Indra T L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Quaternary Volcanic Rawa Danau, Banten Province has a unique characteristic. Their deformed morphology reflects those unique characteristics. A physical characteristic of deformed morphology is able to describe the morphometry parameters of a subwatershed. It also can be analyzed using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) obtained from satellite imagery. The lineament of geological structure can be observed from satellite images through their colour, shape, texture, and pattern. Subwatershed characteristic data can be used to calculate the flood discharge using morphometry. Some morphometry parameters can be used are river dimension, an azimuth of river segment, an azimuth of terrain lineament, river length, drainage density, and bifurcation ratio. This research can be used to identify flood potential at Rawa Danau–Banten Province. The result of the research shows that the value of Rb is less than 3, it means all of the subwatershed has deformed. At the Cidano, Ci Kaduan, Ci Bulakbaru, Ci Tawing, Ci Cangkepan, Ci Pasauran, Ci Sangkuy, Ci Carung value of Rb increased so it indicates that the deformation is quite substantial and also potentially flood.
Interpretation of surface geological conditions based on Landsat-8 data, DEM and field geological data in the Tulehu geothermal prospect area, Maluku Province
Authors: Kurniawan A , Daud Y , Tifani M A , Latuconsina N , Maulana F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tulehu is in the eastern part of the island of Ambon, Maluku. The research area is in some village; Suli, Tial, Tulehu, and Waai, Salahutu District, Maluku Province with a research area size of approximately 10 x 10 km2. It is an area with a high geothermal prospect. Much research has been carried out here to study the geological, geochemical and geophysical conditions of it. The reservoir is estimated to reach more than 230 °C based on geochemistry. This study will focus on discussing the surface geological conditions of the Tulehu area based on the interpretation of satellite imagery and field observations data that have been carried out in the form of structure and rock unit data. This research image of satellite imagery data consists of Landsat 8, and DEM processed using ArcGIS 10.2.1 software. The results show that the study area is composed of 4 rock units which are sequentially from the oldest to the youngest namely Lava Flow (early Pliocene-middle Pliocene), Pyroclastic Flow (middle Pliocene-late Pliocene), Limestone (Pleistocene-Holocene), and Alluvium (Holocene). The structure that works in the study area has NE-SW and NW-SE directions with two main faults that form like basins in parts N and S of Mount Eriwakang. The results of this study are displayed in a surface geological map and are equipped with a geological cross section.
Quaternary volcanostratigraphy setting in Rawa Danau Caldera, Banten Province
Authors: Santika A D , Syahputra R , Indra T L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The volcano complex in the Rawa Danau of Banten Province or called the Dano Volcano has an association with the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano, observed from the direction of the ridge lineament. The Dano volcanic eruptions occurred during the Holocene period, causing the accumulation of volcanic material deposits into the northern part of Banten Province. This research area is covering five mountains which are Mount Parakasak, Mount Marikangen, Mount Tukung-Gede, and Mount Karang (sorted from the oldest to the youngest). Field mapping method we use in accordance with previous research and literature studies, as well as the results of the analysis in the form of the senses and geomorphology, stratigraphy, geological structure, and petrography to conclude volcanic facies in the Rawa Danau and surrounding areas. The results of the study showed that there were 4 volcanic facies around the Dano Volcano area. The central facies comprise of dome of Mount Parakasak with steep morphology while the proximal facies with andesitic lava. The structural geology feature formed from sheeting joints in the Southwest-Northeast direction with azimuth of N15° E/44° and tectonic fractures with Northwest-Southeast direction with azimuth N135° E/70° with steep morphology. The medial facies is tuffs and tuff breccias with gentle slope morphology, and the distal facies only have mud deposit, clay lithology with flat morphology. Rawa Danau in this study is located in the distal zone which consists of swamp deposits resulting from the destruction of the surrounding volcanic material.
1-D shallow water equation, with no viscosity and no rotation, for a topography represented by a quadratic function
Authors: Cortés-Vélez Catalina , Martín-Atienza Beatriz , Hernandez-Walls Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Based on the linearized shallow water equations with no rotation and no viscosity, in a rectangular channel with topography, the analytical solution for elevation and velocity was obtained. The bathymetry of the rectangular channel is described by a quadratic function. The analytical solution was determined from generalized power series, resulting in numerically convergent power series. This methodology is a useful and easy tool, which can be used by teachers in the teaching of differential equations and modeling.
Future Trade Relations between Canada and the United Kingdom
Authors: Armand de Mestral C M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Canada’s trade relations with the UK have been governed by the CETA since the signature of that agreement with the EU in October 2016. Subsequent to the decision of the UK electorate to leave the EU, it became necessary to envisage the creation of a new trade agreement directly between the UK and Canada. Initially, the Government of Canada indicated a willingness to negotiate a new trade agreement with the UK as quickly as possible. But, as the future relationship of the UK to the EU became increasingly uncertain, the Government of Canada decided to hold back until greater clarity could be obtained. As of July 2020, Canada was still waiting. The future trade agreement will reflect the desire of both countries to maintain their long-standing and close relationship. Both have strong interests in trade and investment with the other and both will seek to reinforce these interests. The particular concerns of both countries are outlined in this paper and the outlines of a future trade agreement are set out. In conclusion, the author suggests that it would be in the interests of the UK, rather than seeking simply a bilateral agreement, to seek to negotiate an Atlantic Free Trade Agreement, thereby clarifying its relations not simply with Canada but with all of Europe and North America.
Anti-human Leukocyte Antigen Immune Sensitization Effects of Cryopreserved Allograft and Blood Transfusion
Authors: Tassin David H , Kemp Bohan Phillip M , Cooper Laura E , Fletcher John , Hatem Victoria , Caterson E J , Cancio Leopoldo C , Chan Rodney K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is the most advanced reconstructive technique available to patients who suffer devastating burns to the limbs or face. However, VCA requires donor–recipient matching. Burn patients have been reported to experience sensitization, or the development of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies, during resuscitation and wound coverage, potentially precluding them from future VCA. This study sought to investigate the contributions of both blood and allograft to sensitization in burn patients. Four groups were compared: burn patients who received blood products and allograft (group 1), burn patients who received blood products only (group 2), trauma patients who received blood products only (group 3), and healthy volunteer controls (group 4). The average calculated panel-reactive antibody (indicating sensitization) was higher in group 1 compared to group 4 (P = .035). Additionally, the incidence of severe sensitization was higher in group 1 relative to the other groups (P = .049). When comparing groups of patients who had no sensitization, mild sensitization, moderate sensitization, and severe sensitization, there were no significant differences in age, sex, blood products received, total body surface area burned, or allograft used between groups, though severely sensitized patients tended to have greater total body surface area involvement and received more units of packed red blood cells and allograft (P = .079, P = .196, and P = .072, respectively). We therefore conclude that while burn patients who received allograft and blood demonstrated a higher incidence of anti-human leukocyte antigen sensitization relative to healthy controls, this difference cannot solely be attributed to either allograft use or transfusion.