bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oak wood degradation processes induced by the burial environment in the archaeological site of Biskupin (Poland)
Authors: Lucejko Jeannette Jacqueline , Tamburini Diego , Zborowska Magdalena , Babiński Leszek , Modugno Francesca , Colombini Maria Perla 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The open-air Archaeological Museum in Biskupin (Poland) preserves and shows to the public a prehistoric settlement of Lusatian culture dating back to Early Iron Age (eighth century BC). The monitoring of the environment and dynamics of the wood degradation in the burial conditions at the site is fundamental for the in situ preservation of archaeological wooden materials. A monitoring program thus started in 2003 at the Biskupin site, using contemporary sound oak wood that was placed in two wet burial environments, characterised by different conditions. A multi-analytical protocol was exploited to obtain information on the structural, physical and chemical conditions of the buried wood. The study involved the application of gravimetric and wet chemical analysis, and instrumental techniques, including infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and analytical pyrolysis (Py–GC/MS) to evaluate alterations in the buried oak wood over a 10-year period. The results showed that, during the burial period in both monitoring stations, there was only limited chemical transformation of the polysaccharide component, mostly involving hemicelluloses. The differences observed might be due to the natural compositional variability and inhomogeneity of oak wood. The final condition of the wood was very similar in the two burial environments. It is therefore suggested that the wet burial conditions in the Biskupin site represent a safe conservation environment for the in situ preservation of the wood remains, at least those presenting a good initial preservation state. This supports the conservation strategy adopted in the Biskupin Museum site.
Attitudes among paediatric healthcare professionals in Sweden towards sperm donation to single women: a survey study
Authors: Armuand Gabriela , Skoog Svanberg Agneta , Lampic Claudia , Elenis Evangelia , Sydsjö Gunilla 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The number of families conceived through sperm donation to single women is increasing. However, there is limited knowledge about health care professionals’ attitudes towards solo-mothers by choice, and there is some indication that professionals’ personal opinions influence their care of individuals who use alternate ways to build a family. The primary aim of the study was to investigate attitudes towards, and experiences of, families following sperm donation to single women among healthcare professionals working in primary child healthcare.

Methods
Between April and November 2016 a total of 712 physicians, registered nurses and psychologists working within primary healthcare in Sweden were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey study. The study-specific questionnaire contained the following four domains: Attitudes towards legalization and financing, Attitudes towards the family and the child’s health, Clinical experience and Knowledge about sperm donation to single women.

Results
The majority of the participants were positive or neutral towards sperm donation being allowed to single women in Sweden. However, one third believed that children risk worse mental health and social stigma. Half of healthcare professionals had own clinical experience of caring for solo-mothers by choice and their children, and of these one third perceived that these families had more need of support than other parents. One out of four indicated that they did not have sufficient knowledge to be able to provide adequate care to these families.

Conclusions
The present results indicate that while there was a relatively large support for sperm donation being allowed to single women in Sweden among health care professionals, many expressed concerns about the child’s health, as well as low confidence in their knowledge about the specific needs in this patient group. There is a need for educational interventions targeted to healthcare professionals in primary child healthcare in order to provide adequate care to solo-mothers by choice and their children.
IgG4-related disease presenting as a submucosal tumor of the stomach resected with laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery: a case report
Authors: Yamane Taishi , Eto Kojiro , Morinaga Takeshi , Matsumura Kazuki , Yamashita Kohei , Tokunaga Ryuma , Harada Kazuto , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Nagai Yohei , Iwatsuki Masaki , Iwagami Shiro , Miyamoto Yuji , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated disorder in which abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells infiltrate affected organs. There have been reported four cases of probable IgG4-RD presenting as a submucosal tumor of the stomach. We herein report the first case of definite IgG4-RD presenting as a submucosal tumor of the stomach resected with laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS).

Case presentation
A 70-year-old woman with a 6-year history of autoimmune pancreatitis was referred to our department because a 15-mm submucosal tumor in the greater curvature of the lower part of the stomach had been identified via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a 10-mm low-echoic lesion derived from the submucosal layer of the stomach. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was attempted, but the tumor was too hard for sampling. F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography showed an FDG uptake, suggesting a possibility of malignant disease. As the diagnosis could not be confirmed, LECS for both the diagnosis and curative treatment was performed. A histopathological examination showed a tumor with IgG4-positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis. The ratio of IgG4+/IgG+ lymphoplasmacytic cells was > 80%. A laboratory examination showed elevation of the serum IgG4 levels preoperatively. Thus, the final diagnosis was IgG4-RD of the stomach. No recurrence was observed within 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions
We encountered a case of definite IgG4-RD presenting as a gastric SMT in which a correct diagnosis was achieved by a minimally invasive LECS technique. IgG4-RD may present as a gastric lesion and should be taken into consideration as a differential diagnosis.
Feasibility of behavioral activation group therapy in reducing depressive symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with depression: the BRAVE pilot trial
Authors: D’Elia Alessia , Bawor Monica , Dennis Brittany B. , Bhatt Meha , Litke Kathryn , McCabe Kathleen , Whattam Jeff , Garrick Laura , O’Neill Laura , Simons Scott , Chalmers Sandra , Key Brenda , Goyert Stefanie , Laplante Phillip , Vanstone Meredith , Xie Feng , Guyatt Gordon , Thabane Lehana , Samaan Zainab 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Depression impacts the lives of millions of people worldwide. Behavioral activation (BA), derived from cognitive behavioral therapy, has the potential for improving depressive symptoms in patients with depression. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of BA specifically in the context of group therapy programs in a hospital setting for patients with depression are limited. In this study, we report findings from a pilot trial evaluating group BA for major depressive disorder.

Objective
The objectives of this pilot trial are to assess the potential of a full trial of BA group therapy in a large-scale tertiary care setting and to provide preliminary information about possible results regarding mood symptoms and quality of life in adults with depression.

Methods
Using a parallel single-cohort pragmatic pilot randomized controlled trial design, we evaluated the potential of conducting a large trial of BA effectiveness among adults with depression. Participants were randomized to the intervention (BA in addition to usual care) or control (support group in addition to usual care) groups and were assessed weekly for 18 consecutive weeks. Participants randomized to intervention underwent 28 2-h group BA therapy visits administered by trained therapists and completed assessments to examine treatment outcomes. Feasibility was measured in terms of enrollment rates (min. 20%), completion rates of study (min. 80%), and completion rates of weekly measurement scales (min. 80%). The reporting of this pilot trial is in accordance with the CONSORT extension for randomized pilot and feasibility trials.

Results
We randomized 20 individuals of mean age of 48.8 years (standard deviation = 9.7) with a DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder to intervention (n = 10) or control (n = 10) groups. Based on our feasibility criteria, our recruitment rate was excellent (20/27; 74%), study completion was found to be a moderate (80% of the total participants in both arms completed the study; BA = 100%, control = 60%), and completeness of measurements on a weekly basis was adequate overall (82%; BA = 86%, control = 79%).

Conclusions
The study has demonstrated the potential feasibility to perform a larger scale trial upon modifications to the control group to avoid the low rate of study completion (60%) in this group.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials NCT02045771, Registered January 22, 2014
Body, Soul and Spirit, an adaptation of two evidence-based interventions to promote physical activity and healthy eating among adults in churches in Lagos Nigeria: a three-arm cluster randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Odukoya Oluwakemi Ololade , Manortey Steve , Takemoto Michelle , Alder Steve , Okuyemi Kolawole S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Physical inactivity and unhealthy eating are two leading behavioral risk factors contributing to preventable non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Evidence-based interventions (EBI) using community-engaged approaches to address these risks abound in high-income countries. Comparatively, evidence of such interventions is sparse in low- and middle-income countries, where NCD mortality is greater. This paper describes the protocol for the development of the cultural adaptation and pilot testing of a combination of two EBI (i.e., Body and Soul and the Healthy Body Healthy Spirit), in church-based settings in Lagos, Nigeria. In addition, we describe the development of the inclusion of an additional component, i.e., faith-based text messages, into one of the treatment arms. Our objective is to assess the feasibility of developing and implementing the adapted interventions with the ultimate aim of developing a fully powered trial.

Methods
This pilot study will assess the design and implementation of a three-arm cluster-randomized pilot trial in 12 randomly selected Anglican churches (4 in each arm). First, we will design a cultural adaptation of the two EBI’s to form a multifaceted combined intervention known as the Body Soul and Spirit. The second treatment arm, i.e., Body Soul and Spirit Plus, will retain all the components of Body Soul and Spirit with the inclusion of faith-based text messages using mobile phones. Participants in the control arm will receive information leaflets designed to increase physical activity and healthy food consumption. The outcome measures include participant recruitment and retention, program participation and satisfaction, and data collection completion rates. The outcomes for the proposed definitive trial will be the number of servings of fruit and vegetables and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day will be assessed at baseline, 3 and 6-month follow-up. Implementation outcomes will be assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods.

Discussion
The study will enhance the understanding of how best to design and implement behavioral interventions in church-based settings using community-based participatory approaches. It will also inform the development of a definitive randomized controlled trial.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry on 12th July 2018. PACTR201807136835945. Available at https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=3481
Coordinated multi-sectoral efforts needed to address the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from China and the United States
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Cao Cong , Yang Gonghuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused staggering human and economic costs. We outline four key lessons learned from efforts to address the pandemic in China and the US. First, effective surveillance, reporting, and contact tracing are needed to contain an epidemic at its emergence and to mitigate its impact at a later stage. Second, multi-sectoral efforts to offer incentives for those with no or minor symptoms to seek care and to quarantine themselves are critical, which would need concerted efforts from payers, providers, and public health. Third, sustained and routine prevention efforts involving both the public and the health systems will prove to be useful in times of a pandemic. Fourth, a strong public health system is essential and will be appreciated at times of urgency. Concerted multi-sectoral efforts are required to address COVID-19 pandemic with strong leadership from the public health sector.
Prospects for FSH Treatment of Male Infertility
Authors: Simoni Manuela , Brigante Giulia , Rochira Vincenzo , Santi Daniele , Casarini Livio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Despite the new opportunities provided by assisted reproductive technology (ART), male infertility treatment is far from being optimized. One possibility, based on pathophysiological evidence, is to stimulate spermatogenesis with gonadotropins.

Evidence Acquisition
We conducted a comprehensive systematic PubMed literature review, up to January 2020, of studies evaluating the genetic basis of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) action, the role of FSH in spermatogenesis, and the effects of its administration in male infertility. Manuscripts evaluating the role of genetic polymorphisms and FSH administration in women undergoing ART were considered whenever relevant.

Evidence Synthesis
FSH treatment has been successfully used in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, but with questionable results in idiopathic male infertility. A limitation of this approach is that treatment plans for male infertility have been borrowed from hypogonadism, without daring to overstimulate, as is done in women undergoing ART. FSH effectiveness depends not only on its serum levels, but also on individual genetic variants able to determine hormonal levels, activity, and receptor response. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta (FSHB) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) genes have been described, with some of them affecting testicular volume and sperm output. The FSHR p.N680S and the FSHB –211G&gt;T variants could be genetic markers to predict FSH response.

Conclusions
FSH may be helpful to increase sperm production in infertile men, even if the evidence to recommend the use of FSH in this setting is weak. Placebo-controlled clinical trials, considering the FSHB-FSHR haplotype, are needed to define the most effective dosage, the best treatment length, and the criteria to select candidate responder patients.
Glucocorticoids rapidly inhibit cell migration through a novel, non-transcriptional HDAC6 pathway
Authors: Kershaw Stephen , Morgan David J. , Boyd James , Spiller David G. , Kitchen Gareth , Zindy Egor , Iqbal Mudassar , Rattray Magnus , Sanderson Christopher M. , Brass Andrew , Jorgensen Claus , Hussell Tracy , Matthews Laura C. , Ray David W. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Glucocorticoids (GCs) act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, also known as NR3C1) to regulate immunity, energy metabolism and tissue repair. Upon ligand binding, activated GR mediates cellular effects by regulating gene expression, but some GR effects can occur rapidly without new transcription. Here, we show that GCs rapidly inhibit cell migration, in response to both GR agonist and antagonist ligand binding. The inhibitory effect on migration is prevented by GR knockdown with siRNA, confirming GR specificity, but not by actinomycin D treatment, suggesting a non-transcriptional mechanism. We identified a rapid onset increase in microtubule polymerisation following GC treatment, identifying cytoskeletal stabilisation as the likely mechanism of action. HDAC6 overexpression, but not knockdown of αTAT1, rescued the GC effect, implicating HDAC6 as the GR effector. Consistent with this hypothesis, ligand-dependent cytoplasmic interaction between GR and HDAC6 was demonstrated by quantitative imaging. Taken together, we propose that activated GR inhibits HDAC6 function, and thereby increases the stability of the microtubule network to reduce cell motility. We therefore report a novel, non-transcriptional mechanism whereby GCs impair cell motility through inhibition of HDAC6 and rapid reorganization of the cell architecture.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Using aerobic exercise to evaluate sub-lethal tolerance of acute warming in fishes
Authors: Blasco Felipe R. , Esbaugh Andrew J. , Killen Shaun S. , Rantin Francisco Tadeu , Taylor Edwin W. , McKenzie David J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigated whether fatigue from sustained aerobic swimming provides a sub-lethal endpoint to define tolerance of acute warming in fishes, as an alternative to loss of equilibrium (LOE) during a critical thermal maximum (CTmax) protocol. Two species were studied, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Each fish underwent an incremental swim test to determine gait transition speed (UGT), where it first engaged the unsteady anaerobic swimming mode that preceded fatigue. After suitable recovery, each fish was exercised at 85% of their own UGT and warmed 1°C every 30 min, to identify the temperature at which they fatigued, denoted as CTswim. Fish were also submitted to a standard CTmax, warming at the same rate as CTswim, under static conditions until LOE. All individuals fatigued in CTswim, at a mean temperature approximately 2°C lower than their CTmax. Therefore, if exposed to acute warming in the wild, the ability to perform aerobic metabolic work would be constrained at temperatures significantly below those that directly threatened survival. The collapse in performance at CTswim was preceded by a gait transition qualitatively indistinguishable from that during the incremental swim test. This suggests that fatigue in CTswim was linked to an inability to meet the tissue oxygen demands of exercise plus warming. This is consistent with the oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis, regarding the mechanism underlying tolerance of warming in fishes. Overall, fatigue at CTswim provides an ecologically relevant sub-lethal threshold that is more sensitive to extreme events than LOE at CTmax.
Predicting response and toxicity to PD-1 inhibition using serum autoantibodies identified from immuno-mass spectrometry
Authors: Music Milena , Iafolla Marco , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Batruch Ihor , Prassas Ioannis , Pintilie Melania , Hansen Aaron R. , Bedard Philippe L. , Lheureux Stephanie , Spreafico Anna , Razak Albiruni Abdul , Siu Lillian L. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Validated biomarkers are needed to identify patients at increased risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Antibodies directed against endogenous antigens can change after exposure to ICB. Methods: Patients with different solid tumors stratified into cohorts received pembrolizumab every 3 weeks in a Phase II trial (INSPIRE study). Blood samples were collected prior to first pembrolizumab exposure (baseline) and approximately 7 weeks (pre-cycle 3) into treatment. In a discovery analysis, autoantibody target immuno-mass spectrometry was performed in baseline and pre-cycle 3 pooled sera of 24 INSPIRE patients based on clinical benefit (CBR) and irAEs. Results: Thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) were identified as the candidate autoantibody targets. In the overall cohort of 78 patients, the frequency of CBR and irAEs from pembrolizumab was 31% and 24%, respectively. Patients with an anti-Tg titer increase ≥1.5x from baseline to pre-cycle 3 were more likely to have irAEs relative to patients without this increase in unadjusted, cohort adjusted, and multivariable models (OR=17.4, 95% CI 1.8–173.8, p=0.015). Similarly, patients with an anti-TPO titer ≥ 1.5x from baseline to pre-cycle 3 were more likely to have irAEs relative to patients without the increase in unadjusted and cohort adjusted (OR=6.1, 95% CI 1.1–32.7, p=0.035) models. Further, the cohort adjusted analysis showed patients with anti-Tg titer greater than median (10.0 IU/mL) at pre-cycle 3 were more likely to have irAEs (OR=4.7, 95% CI 1.2–17.8, p=0.024). Patients with pre-cycle 3 anti-TPO titers greater than median (10.0 IU/mL) had a significant difference in overall survival (23.8 vs 11.5 months; HR=1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.2, p=0.05). Conclusions: Patient increase ≥1.5x of anti-Tg and anti-TPO titers from baseline to pre-cycle 3 were associated with irAEs from pembrolizumab, and patients with elevated pre-cycle 3 anti-TPO titers had an improvement in overall survival.
Intraspecific mitochondrial gene variation can be as low as that of nuclear rRNA
Authors: Matumba Tshifhiwa G. , Oliver Jody , Barker Nigel P. , McQuaid Christopher D. , Teske Peter R. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has long been used to date historical demographic events. The idea that it is useful for molecular dating rests on the premise that its evolution is neutral. Even though this idea has long been challenged, the evidence against clock-like evolution of mtDNA is often ignored. Here, we present a particularly clear and simple example to illustrate the implications of violations of the assumption of selective neutrality. Methods: DNA sequences were generated for the mtDNA COI gene and the nuclear 28S rRNA of two closely related rocky shore snails, and species-level variation was compared. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use nuclear rRNA at this taxonomic level, presumably because this marker is assumed to evolve so slowly that it is only suitable for phylogenetics. Results: Even though high inter-specific divergence reflected the faster evolutionary rate of COI, intraspecific genetic variation was similar for both markers. As a result, estimates of population expansion times based on mismatch distributions differed between the two markers by millions of years. Conclusions: Assuming that 28S evolves effectively clock-like, these findings can be explained by variation-reducing purifying selection in mtDNA at the species level, and an elevated divergence rate caused by diversifying selection between the two species. Although these two selective forces together make mtDNA suitable as a marker for species identifications by means of DNA barcoding because they create a ‘barcoding gap’, estimates of demographic change based on this marker can be expected to be highly unreliable. Our study contributes to the growing evidence that the utility of mtDNA sequence data beyond DNA barcoding is limited.