bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ketamine on circadian rhythm and synaptic homeostasis in patients with treatment‐resistant depression: A protocol for mechanistic studies of its rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in humans
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Tian Hongjun , Li Gongying , Chen Min , Jiang Deguo , Lin Xiaodong , Xu Yong , Wang Wenqiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe breakthrough discovery has been made that a single dose of ketamine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist, achieves rapid and sustained (~7 days) antidepressant activity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This discovery has ushered in an exciting era of research and brought new hope for patients with MDD. However, the mechanisms underlying the specific antidepressant actions of ketamine in humans remain to be elucidated.ObjectivesThis study protocol was designed to test the main hypothesis that ketamine could rapidly reverse depression‐ and stress‐associated synaptic loss and deficits in resting‐state functional connectivity and that this action could be affected by circadian rhythm, in patients with treatment‐resistant depression.Methods/Study DesignIn this clinical study, adults (aged 18–65 years) with treatment‐resistant depression will be randomized to intravenous administration of placebo (control group) or ketamine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) at 11 a.m. (daytime group), or 6 p.m. (nighttime group) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome will be the change from baseline to 24 weeks in the total Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale score. Brain imaging, sleep, and genetic studies, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, polysomnography, and genetic analyses, will be performed to examine whether and how ketamine can rapidly reverse deficits in synaptic function and to identify objective markers for the assessment of ketamine infusion therapy for treatment‐resistant depression.ConclusionsThis clinical study protocol is the first, to our knowledge, to describe the prospective testing of the hypothesis that daytime and nighttime administrations of ketamine would have different antidepressant effects. The brain imaging, sleep, and genetic findings from patients with treatment‐resistant depression are expected to shed new light on the mechanisms of ketamine and its interaction with target sites in the brain, which can be used for objective evaluation of the efficacy of ketamine.
Comparative Studies of Phytochemical Screening, HPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐MS/MS‐LC/HR‐ESI‐MS Analysis, Antioxidant Capacity andin VitroFermentation of Officinal Sage (Salvia officinalisL.) Cultivated in Different Biotopes of Northwestern Tunisia
Authors: Jedidi Saber , Selmi Houcine , Aloui Foued , Rtibi Kais , Jridi Mourad , Abbes Chaâbane , Sebai Hichem 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe aimed in the present study to investigate the chemical composition, the antioxidant capacities as well as thein vitrofermentation properties ofSalvia officinalisleaves aqueous extract (SOLAE) grown in four regions of northwestern Tunisia. Our data firstly indicated a spatial variation (P<0.05) in condensed tannins, total lipids, polyphenols and flavonoids contents. The HPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐MS/MS‐LC/HR‐ESI‐MS technique allowed to the identification of 13 phenolic compounds and showed that protocatechuic acid is the major constituent of the plant leaves grown in Tabarka, Ain Draham and Testour. The SOLAE of the plant grown in Tabarka presents the most potent scavenging activity against DPPH radical and had the highest percentage of inhibition. More importantly, we found in the present study that the digestibility of dry matter andin vitrofermentation showed a significant variation between the regions and the animal species. Also, we showed a very positive correlation between antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds contents. In conclusion, we suggest that SOLAE had potential beneficial effects owing in part to its antioxidant and ROS scavenging activities. Therefore,S. officinaliscan be proposed as an additive food for animals’ nutrition and health.
HIF‐1α forms regulatory loop with YAP to coordinate hypoxia‐induced adriamycin resistance in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Zhu Bin , Pan Shaoying , Liu Juanjuan , Wang Suli , Ni Ying , Xiao Linlin , Wei Quhao , Peng You , Ding Zhiyong , Zhao Wenli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the improvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatments, most patients had a poor prognosis and suffered from chemoresistance and disease relapse. Therefore, there is an urgent need for elucidation of mechanism(s) underlying drug resistance in AML. In the present study, we found that AML cells showed less susceptibility to adriamycin (ADR) in the presence of hypoxia, while inhibition of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) by CdCl2 can make AML cells re‐susceptibile to ADR even under hypoxia. Moreover, HIF‐1α is overexpressed and plays an important role in ADR‐resistance maintenance in resistant AML cells. We further found hypoxia or induction of HIF‐1α can significantly upregulate yes‐associated protein (YAP) expression in AML cells, and resistant cells express a high level of YAP. Finally, we found that YAP may not only enhance HIF‐1α stability but also promote HIF‐1α's activity on the target gene pyruvate kinase M2. In conclusion, our data indicate that HIF‐1α or YAP may represent a therapeutic target for overcoming resistance toward adriamycin‐based chemotherapy in AML.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Photochemical Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Paddlewheel‐Type Dirhodium Complexes with Electron Withdrawing Carboxylate Ligands
Authors: Kataoka Yusuke , Yano Natsumi , Kohara Yoshihiro , Tsuji Takeshi , Inoue Satoshi , Kawamoto Tatsuya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe photochemical hydrogen evolution capabilities of paddlewheel‐type dirhodium complexes with electron withdrawing carboxylates, [Rh2(O2CR)4(H2O)2] (R=CF3 and CCl3 for [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2], respectively), were investigated and compared with that of [Rh2(O2CCH3)4(H2O)2], ([1(H2O)2]), which is the most effective hydrogen evolution catalyst (HEC) among rhodium complexes developed to date. Artificial photosynthesis (AP) systems with [2(H2O)2] or [3(H2O)2], [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)](PF6), and TEA showed highly efficient hydrogen evolution activities; the turnover numbers (TON) of hydrogen evolution per Rh by the AP systems with [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2] after 12 h of photo‐irradiation were 3334 and 3138, respectively. Experimental analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations afforded valuable insight into the hydrogen evolution mechanism of paddlewheel‐type dirhodium complexes; (i) hydrogen evolution activities of the AP systems with [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2] were slightly lower than that of the AP system with [1(H2O)2] despite one‐electron reduction potentials of [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2] lie on the anode side than that of [1(H2O)2], and (ii) two different pathways exist during the early stages in the photochemical hydrogen evolution by [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2]. Moreover, the relative free‐energy diagrams estimated by DFT calculations clarified the energy profiles of the mechanism including the rate‐determining steps of the hydrogen evolution by [1(H2O)2]−[3(H2O)2].
Visualizing Potential‐Induced Pitting Corrosion of Ultrathin Single‐Crystalline IrO2(110) Films on RuO2(110)/Ru(0001) under Electrochemical Water Splitting Conditions
Authors: Weber Tim , Ortmann Till , Escalera‐López Daniel , Abb Marcel J. S. , Mogwitz Boris , Cherevko Serhiy , Rohnke Marcus , Over Herbert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSophisticated IrO2(110)‐RuO2(110)/Ru(0001) model electrodes are employed in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions. The potential‐induced pitting corrosion of such electrodes is confirmed by a variety of experimental techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), and operando scanning flow cell‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SFC‐ICP‐MS). The structure of the pits is reminiscent of a cylinder (evidenced by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy: FIB‐SEM), where the inner surface of the pits is covered by hydrous RuO2 (cyclic voltammetry, ToF‐SIMS) that is formed by electrochemical oxidation of the metallic Ru(0001) substrate. The time evolution of the corrosion process at a fixed electrode potential (1.48 V vs. SHE) is followed via cyclic voltammetry and SEM. The passivating IrO2(110) layer results in an “induction period” for the pit growth that is followed by rapid corrosion of the RuO2(110)/Ru(0001) substrate. The observed narrow and time‐independent size distribution relative to the mean size of the pits is attributed to a sluggish removal of the corrosion products by diffusion across the cracks of the pits covering IrO2 layer, leading to steady state corrosion during a total polarization time of 20 to 60 minutes.
Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy of Hydrated Cobalt Anions Doped with Carbon Dioxide CoCO2(H2O)n−, n=1–10, in the C−O Stretch Region
Authors: Barwa Erik , Ončák Milan , Pascher Tobias F. , Herburger Andreas , van der Linde Christian , Beyer Martin K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate anionic [Co,CO2,nH2O]− clusters as model systems for the electrochemical activation of CO2 by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in the range of 1250–2234 cm−1 using an FT‐ICR mass spectrometer. We show that both CO2 and H2O are activated in a significant fraction of the [Co,CO2,H2O]− clusters since it dissociates by CO loss, and the IR spectrum exhibits the characteristic C−O stretching frequency. About 25 % of the ion population can be dissociated by pumping the C−O stretching mode. With the help of quantum chemical calculations, we assign the structure of this ion as Co(CO)(OH)2−. However, calculations find Co(HCOO)(OH)− as the global minimum, which is stable against IRMPD under the conditions of our experiment. Weak features around 1590–1730 cm−1 are most likely due to higher lying isomers of the composition Co(HOCO)(OH)−. Upon additional hydration, all species [Co,CO2,nH2O]−, n≥2, undergo IRMPD through loss of H2O molecules as a relatively weakly bound messenger. The main spectral features are the C−O stretching mode of the CO ligand around 1900 cm−1, the water bending mode mixed with the antisymmetric C−O stretching mode of the HCOO− ligand around 1580–1730 cm−1, and the symmetric C−O stretching mode of the HCOO− ligand around 1300 cm−1. A weak feature above 2000 cm−1 is assigned to water combination bands. The spectral assignment clearly indicates the presence of at least two distinct isomers for n ≥2.
3D‐Printed Phenacrylate Decarboxylase Flow Reactors for the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxystilbene
Authors: Peng Martin , Mittmann Esther , Wenger Lukas , Hubbuch Jürgen , Engqvist Martin K. M. , Niemeyer Christof M. , Rabe Kersten S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractContinuous flow systems for chemical synthesis are becoming a major focus in organic chemistry and there is a growing interest in the integration of biocatalysts due to their high regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Methods established for 3D bioprinting enable the fast and simple production of agarose‐based modules for biocatalytic reactors if thermally stable enzymes are available. We report here on the characterization of four different cofactor‐free phenacrylate decarboxylase enzymes suitable for the production of 4‐vinylphenol and test their applicability for the encapsulation and direct 3D printing of disk‐shaped agarose‐based modules that can be used for compartmentalized flow microreactors. Using the most active and stable phenacrylate decarboxylase from Enterobacter spec. in a setup with four parallel reactors and a subsequent palladium(II) acetate‐catalysed Heck reaction, 4‐hydroxystilbene was synthesized from p‐coumaric acid with a total yield of 14.7 % on a milligram scale. We believe that, due to the convenient direct immobilization of any thermostable enzyme and straightforward tuning of the reaction sequence by stacking of modules with different catalytic activities, this simple process will facilitate the establishment and use of cascade reactions and will therefore be of great advantage for many research approaches.
Red‐Emitting Delayed Fluorescence and Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Core‐Substituted Naphthalene Diimides
Authors: Kuila Suman , Ghorai Anaranya , Samanta Pralok K. , Siram Raja B. K. , Pati Swapan K. , Narayan K. S. , George Subi J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnprecedented ambient triplet‐mediated emission in core‐substituted naphthalene diimide (cNDI) derivatives is unveiled via delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence. Carbazole core‐substituted cNDIs, with a donor–acceptor design, showed deep‐red triplet emission in solution processable films with high quantum yield. This study, with detailed theoretical calculations and time‐resolved emission experiments, enables new design insights into the triplet harvesting of cNDIs; an important family of molecules which has been, otherwise, extensively been investigated for its n‐type electronic character and tunable singlet fluorescence.
The reniform body: An integrative lateral protocerebral neuropil complex of Eumalacostraca identified in Stomatopoda and Brachyura
Authors: Thoen Hanne Halkinrud , Wolff Gabriella Hannah , Marshall Justin , Sayre Marcel E. , Strausfeld Nicholas James 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMantis shrimps (Stomatopoda) possess in common with other crustaceans, and with Hexapoda, specific neuroanatomical attributes of the protocerebrum, the most anterior part of the arthropod brain. These attributes include assemblages of interconnected centers called the central body complex and in the lateral protocerebra, situated in the eyestalks, paired mushroom bodies. The phenotypic homologues of these centers across Panarthropoda support the view that ancestral integrative circuits crucial to action selection and memory have persisted since the early Cambrian or late Ediacaran. However, the discovery of another prominent integrative neuropil in the stomatopod lateral protocerebrum raises the question whether it is unique to Stomatopoda or at least most developed in this lineage, which may have originated in the upper Ordovician or early Devonian. Here, we describe the neuroanatomical structure of this center, called the reniform body. Using confocal microscopy and classical silver staining, we demonstrate that the reniform body receives inputs from multiple sources, including the optic lobe's lobula. Although the mushroom body also receives projections from the lobula, it is entirely distinct from the reniform body, albeit connected to it by discrete tracts. We discuss the implications of their coexistence in Stomatopoda, the occurrence of the reniform body in another eumalacostracan lineage and what this may mean for our understanding of brain functionality in Pancrustacea.
π‐Expanded Thioxanthones—Engineering the Triplet Level of Thioxanthone Sensitizers for Lanthanide‐Based Luminescent Probes with Visible Excitation
Authors: Nybro Dansholm Charlotte , Junker Anne Kathrine R. , Nielsen Lea G. , Kofod Nicolaj , Pal Robert , Sørensen Thomas Just 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Thomas Just Sørensen at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Dr. Robert Pal at Durham University, United Kingdom. The front cover shows the clouds parting for a cell imaged using a thioxanthone‐appended EuIII complex. This work shows that lanthanide luminescence can be used in optical bioimaging with microscopes equipped with the common blue laser line. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201900309.
A pharmacogenetic risk score for the evaluation of major depression severity under treatment with antidepressants
Authors: Kanders Sofia H. , Pisanu Claudia , Bandstein Marcus , Jonsson Jörgen , Castelao Enrique , Pistis Giorgio , Gholam‐Rezaee Mehdi , Eap Chin B. , Preisig Martin , Schiöth Helgi B. , Mwinyi Jessica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe severity of symptoms as well as efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD) is modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different genes, which may contribute in an additive or synergistic fashion. We aimed to investigate depression severity in participants with MDD under treatment with antidepressants in relation to the combinatory effect of selected genetic variants combined using a genetic risk score (GRS). The sample included 150 MDD patients on regular AD therapy from the population‐based Swiss PsyCoLaus cohort. We investigated 44 SNPs previously associated with antidepressant response by ranking them with regard to their association to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CES‐D) score using random forest. The three top scoring SNPs (rs12248560, rs878567, rs17710780) were subsequently combined into an unweighted GRS, which was included in linear and logistic regression models using the CES‐D score, occurrence of a major depressive episode (MDE) during follow‐up and regular antidepressant treatment during the 6 months preceding follow‐up assessment as outcomes. The GRS was associated with MDE occurrence (p = .02) and ln CES‐D score (p = .001). The HTR1A rs878567 variant was associated with ln CES‐D after adjustment for demographic and clinical variables [p = .02, lower scores for minor allele (G) carriers]. Additionally, rs12248560 (CYP2C19) CC homozygotes showed a six‐fold higher likelihood of regular AD therapy at follow‐up compared to minor allele homozygotes [TT; ultrarapid metabolizers (p = .03)]. Our study suggests that the cumulative consideration of pharmacogenetic risk variants more reliably reflects the impact of the genetic background on depression severity than individual SNPs.
Discovery of novel halogenated 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐based anti‐MRSA agents: In vitro and QSAR studies
Authors: Cherdtrakulkiat Rungrot , Worachartcheewan Apilak , Tantimavanich Srisurang , Lawung Ratana , Sinthupoom Nujarin , Prachayasittikul Supaluk , Ruchirawat Somsak , Prachayasittikul Virapong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has been considered to be one of global health problems due to limited classes of effective antimicrobial drugs. Herein, 8‐hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) and its derivatives (1‐7) were investigated for their anti‐MRSA and antioxidant activities. Cloxyquin (2), a halogenated 8HQ, exerted the highest antimicrobial activity (MIC50 ≤ 5.57 μM) with high safety index, whereas an amino‐derivative 7 showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Additionally, quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) study demonstrated that mass, polarizability, topological charge, and van der Waals volume are essential properties governing the anti‐MRSA activity. Taken together, cloxyquin was highlighted as a promising compound for further development as a novel anti‐MRSA agent. QSAR findings would also benefit for further rational design of novel 8HQ‐based compounds to combat the MRSA resistance.
Plants regulate grassland arthropod communities through biomass, quality, and habitat heterogeneity
Authors: Prather Rebecca M. , Kaspari Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHabitat heterogeneity affects both biotic and abiotic factors important in determining arthropod community composition. In a sandy, mixed‐grass prairie in the southern Great Plains, we used clipping and NPK fertilization to manipulate plant biomass, habitat heterogeneity, and plant quality to quantify their relative effects on the abundance and diversity of its arthropod community. Both clipping and fertilization treatments affected plant biomass and microclimate, including light availability, temperature, and humidity. By decreasing plant biomass, clipping simplified habitat structure and resulted in reduced arthropod abundance and diversity and increased arthropod activity. This reduction appeared to be mediated by fertilizer addition, which increased total plot carbon, plant biomass, and habitat volume, resulting in lower average surface temperature and higher average humidity. By itself, increasing plant biomass through fertilization increased arthropod abundance, activity, and richness. In addition, we show that changing microclimate and plant biomass promoted shifts in arthropod community composition. These results demonstrate the role of habitat heterogeneity and plant quality in structuring arthropod community composition, specifically by regulating microclimate and providing habitat space.
A performance evaluation of targeted eDNA and eDNA metabarcoding analyses for freshwater fishes
Authors: Bylemans Jonas , Gleeson Dianne M. , Duncan Richard P. , Hardy Christopher M. , Furlan Elise M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of environmental DNA analysis has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring. Initially, eDNA monitoring surveys in aquatic environments utilized a targeted approach, but there has been a steady shift toward whole community assessments (eDNA metabarcoding). Both approaches can increase the detection sensitivity for rare and elusive species, compared to more conventional methods. However, it is important to understand the benefits and limitations of targeted and whole community eDNA monitoring to tailor surveys to research questions and management objectives.AimsHere, we aimed to test the relative merits of targeted eDNA analysis versus eDNA metabarcoding in an intermittent river system.MethodsFirst, samples collected during different seasons were used to assess the influence of seasonality on the detection probabilities of both methods. Second, detection probabilities from the two monitoring approaches for one focal species were compared to evaluate the sensitivity of both methods. Finally, the data from an eDNA metabarcoding survey conducted across the outer distribution limits of an invasive species were used to evaluate whether species interactions can be inferred by this method.ResultsAnalyses showed that sampling intermittent river systems during low flow events increases the performance of the targeted eDNA surveys, while sampling season does not influence the performance of eDNA metabarcoding surveys. Environmental DNA metabarcoding was found to be less sensitive than a targeted monitoring approach, thus making the latter more suitable for generating detailed distribution data. Nevertheless, eDNA metabarcoding survey data can be interpreted in a semiquantitative manner and can provide insights into biological interactions.