bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple use of camera traps for photogrammetric estimation of wild animal traits
Authors: Cui S. , Chen D. , Sun J. , Chu H. , Li C. , Jiang Z. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe measurement of physical traits of animals is an important topic in animal ecology and wildlife management, but it is quite difficult to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy, especially for free‐ranging wild animals. As a non‐invasive method, camera trapping has become a common tool for detecting and monitoring wild animals. In this study, we combined camera‐trapping images and a photogrammetry technique to present a camera trap‐based photogrammetric estimation (CTPE) approach for robust measurement of morphological traits of animals. We first tested our method in a captive population of fallow deer (Dama dama) and compared the estimated shoulder heights by CTPE with corresponding hand measurements. The results revealed a remarkable accuracy, with an expected measurement error within ± 5 cm. Second, we mainly demonstrated a field application of CTPE in a wild population of Altai wapiti (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) in the Kanas National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. For wapiti, we found that the average shoulder height of males was 135 ± 9 cm (mean ± sd, n = 30) and that of females was 125 ± 6 cm (n = 37), with all data significantly fitting a normal distribution. We did not find any differences in CTPE results among cameras, between photograph types (colour vs. black and white) or temperatures. No significant difference existed between our results and the hand‐measured shoulder heights of wapiti from deer farms. Finally, we discussed the strengths, limitations and potential extensions of the method. We suggest that the combination of camera trapping and the photogrammetry technique is quite promising and that CTPE has great potential in wildlife field investigations.
Glomerular filtration rate in liver transplant for unresectable hepatoblastoma
Authors: Peña Zavala Ruben , Marzouki Mounia , Beaunoyer Mona , Alvarez Fernando 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost children with hepatoblastoma manifest, at the time of LT, a decrease in renal function due to chemotherapy that could be further deteriorated by the use of calcineurin inhibitors. The purpose of this work was to examine the long‐term follow‐up of renal function in a cohort of children transplanted for unresectable hepatoblastoma. We present a retrospective observational study of 10 pediatric patients who received a LT for unresectable hepatoblastoma between 1996 and 2016. All patients included in this study were followed up on a regular basis and were assessed for GFR before transplantation and at least once a year during follow‐up. All patients received standardized chemotherapy treatment for hepatoblastoma and immunosuppression according to hospital protocols. There was a marked decrease in GFR at the time of the LT in five patients presenting renal complications during the pretransplant cycles of chemotherapy. Three patients, one of them with prior kidney involvement, presented complications after LT, namely acute kidney failure and decrease in GFR. Those patients who presented with the lowest GFR at the time of LT eventually recovered renal function at levels similar to the rest of the group on follow‐up. Chemotherapy‐induced nephrotoxicity is a concern in patients treated for hepatoblastoma. Some individuals will develop low GFR after chemotherapy; therefore, strict follow‐up is recommended, as low GFR may affect the doses of subsequent chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Stabilization of GFR levels and occasional improvement can be observed in the post‐transplant period.
Interleukin‐13 induces paralysis of Haemonchus contortus larvae in vitro
Authors: Shepherd Elizabeth , Greiner Scott P. , Russ Brynnan , Bowdridge Scott A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsInterleukin‐13 (IL‐13) is a Th2‐associated cytokine that typically induces gut contractility and mucus secretion to eliminate helminth parasites from the digestive tract. Little evidence exists of IL‐13's direct effect on Haemonchus contortus larvae (L3) and thus was the objective of this study.MethodsTo test effects of IL‐13 on H contortus, L3 were treated with ovine recombinant (r) IL‐13 (1 μg/mL); motility and morbidity were assessed. Monocytes isolated from H contortus‐resistant St. Croix (STC) and susceptible Suffolk (SUF) sheep were treated with anti–IL‐13 blocking antibody to elucidate differences in host immune response.ResultsrIL‐13 treatment reduced L3 speed (27 μm/s) and distance (7.5 μm) compared to untreated L3 (speed: 94 μm/s; distance: 27 μm) (P < .001). Comparison of larval speed to known paralytic levamisole (LEV) revealed no difference between treatments (rIL13: 23 μm/s; LEV 27 μm/s). Additionally, rIL‐13 had no effect on larval morbidity. Blocking IL‐13 reduced monocyte‐driven larval morbidity (0.13 μmol/L ATP) and increased larval motility (88 μm/s; 27 μm) compared to larvae treated with STC‐monocytes alone (0.07 μM ATP; 34 μm/s; 8 μm) (P < .05).ConclusionsThese data indicate IL‐13 has a dual capability paralysing L3 and contributing to monocyte‐driven larval morbidity, and also indicate breed differences.
Social Cure Processes Help Lower Intergroup Anxiety Among Neighborhood Residents
Authors: Stevenson Clifford , Costa Sebastiano , Easterbrook Matthew J. , McNamara Niamh , Kellezi Blerina 
Published: May 2020

Research in the social cure tradition shows that groups can reduce members' stress by providing support to cope with challenges, but it has yet to consider how this applies to the anxiety occasioned by outgroups. Research on intergroup contact has extensively examined how reducing intergroup anxiety improves attitudes towards outgroups, but it has yet to examine the role of intragroup support processes in facilitating this. The present article takes the case of residential contact, in which the impact of diversification upon neighborhood cohesion is hotly debated, but the role of neighborhood identification and social support from neighbors in facilitating residential mixing has been largely ignored. Our surveys of two geographically bounded communities in England (n = 310; n = 94) and one in Northern Ireland (n = 206) show that neighborhood identification predicts both well‐being and more positive feelings towards outgroups, with both effects occurring via increased intragroup support. In studies 2 and 3, we show that this positive effect on feelings towards the outgroup occurs independently of that of intergroup contact and is further explained by the effect of neighborhood support in reducing intergroup anxiety. This suggests that social cure processes can improve intergroup attitudes by supporting group members to deal with the stress of intergroup interactions.
Importancia cultural de especies forestales útiles, en tres comunidades de la Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, México
Authors: Burgos Herrera Bogard , Saldaña Fernández María Cristina , López Medellín Xavier 
Published: May 2020

En la Sierra de Huautla domina la selva baja caducifolia (SBC), presenta gran diversidad de flora y fauna. Los habitantes de este ecosistema cuentan con limitadas fuentes de empleo y una alternativa de subsistencia ha sido el aprovechamiento de recursos forestales. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la importancia cultural de especies forestales como parte de los procesos de desarrollo rural, en tres comunidades de la Sierra de Huautla.
Se calculó el Índice de Dominancia Cultural de Plantas Útiles para Especies Forestales (DCPU’f). La mayor DCPU’f fue para: Cuachalalate (Amphiterigium adstringens Schltdl), Cuatecomate (Crescentia alata Kunth), Palo Brasil (Haematoxylum brasiletto Karsten), Palo dulce (Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.) Sarg.) Cubata (Acacia coclichanta), Tecolohuixtle (Mimosa benthamii R. Grether y A. Martínez) y Tepemezquite (Lysiloma divaricatum Jacq. J.F. Macbr.), catalogadas como multipropósito.
Experimental Analysis of a Novel Solar Pond Driven Thermoelectric Energy System
Authors: Goswami Rohtash , Das Ranjan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper describes an experimental study on a combined assembly of a solar pond and two-phase thermosyphon toward thermoelectric power generation under actual weather conditions and proposes its mandatory association with the biomass energy-based system. Experiments under the studied solar radiation intensity ranging between 26 W/m2 and 976 W/m2 reveal that the maximum steady-state temperature potential during the actual operation of a solar pond is not sufficient to generate the minimum threshold thermoelectric voltage for deriving necessary power needed to recharge a 12 V battery. It is also highlighted that solar radiation heats both the upper and the lower layers nearly equally; however, the heat is lost at a faster rate from the upper layer than the lower layer. Consequently, with the passage of time, the temperature of the lower layer rises, and interestingly, the probability of obtaining maximum voltage during a day is maximum during the early morning. Under the present set of conditions, the maximum temperature gain is 26.58 °C, whereas a minimum temperature potential of 45.62 °C is found necessary to produce the required voltage. The economic analysis of the proposed system reveals that the electricity generation obtained from the proposed system is better than diesel power generation. In particular, the system is suitable for locations where access to the conventional grid-based power is difficult. The work opens opportunities and establishes the necessity of developing low-cost thermoelectric materials for further improving the cost of power generation.
Laser-Based Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube–Metal Composites on a Polymer Substrate: Experimental Study and Characterizations
Authors: Kang Zheng , Tripathi Jitendra Kumar , Wang Muxuan , Hassanein Ahmed , Wu Benxin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Flexible electronic devices have several advantages and multiple current or potential applications. However, the reliability and durability of their metal components (which often exist) may suffer from large and repeated strains during many applications. Carbon nanotube (CNT)-metal composite films that were laser-sintered on flexible substrates were shown to be very promising in addressing the reliability and durability issues. However, to the authors’ best knowledge, CNT–metal interfaces in a laser-sintered CNT–metal composite film on a polymer substrate and the composite–polymer interface have not been sufficiently characterized and understood. In this paper, CNT–silver composite films were produced on polyimide substrates by laser sintering, and the fabricated samples were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under the conditions studied, it has been found that: (1) for the CNT–silver interfaces in the composite, a significant amount of Ag–C chemical bonds is unlikely to exist, and (2) for the composite–polyimide interface, mechanical interlocking is expected to play an important role in the interfacial adhesion, while a significant diffusion of silver into the polyimide substrate is not observed. Besides, chemical reactions have likely occurred around the interface, causing the formation of Ag2O due to the reaction between silver from the composite and oxygen (in a certain form) from the polyimide substrate.
Metabolic Rate in Adolescent Athletes: The Development and Validation of New Equations, and Comparison to Previous Models
Authors: Reale Reid J. , Roberts Timothy J. , Lee Khalil A. , Bonsignore Justina L. , Anderson Melissa L. 
Published: May 2020

We sought to assess the accuracy of current or developing new prediction equations for resting metabolic rate (RMR) in adolescent athletes. RMR was assessed via indirect calorimetry, alongside known predictors (body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, height, age, and sex) and hypothesized predictors (race and maturation status assessed via years to peak height velocity), in a diverse cohort of adolescent athletes (n = 126, 77% male, body mass = 72.8 ± 16.6 kg, height = 176.2 ± 10.5 cm, age = 16.5 ± 1.4 years). Predictive equations were produced and cross-validated using repeated k-fold cross-validation by stepwise multiple linear regression (10 folds, 100 repeats). Performance of the developed equations was compared with several published equations. Seven of the eight published equations examined performed poorly, underestimating RMR in >75% to >90% of cases. Root mean square error of the six equations ranged from 176 to 373, mean absolute error ranged from 115 to 373 kcal, and mean absolute error SD ranged from 103 to 185 kcal. Only the Schofield equation performed reasonably well, underestimating RMR in 51% of cases. A one- and two-compartment model were developed, both r2 of .83, root mean square error of 147, and mean absolute error of 114 ± 26 and 117 ± 25 kcal for the one- and two-compartment model, respectively. Based on the models’ performance, as well as visual inspection of residual plots, the following model predicts RMR in adolescent athletes with better precision than previous models; RMR = 11.1 × body mass (kg) + 8.4 × height (cm) − (340 male or 537 female).
Virtual learning environment (‘Ivy Street’) for palliative medicine education: student and facilitator evaluation
Authors: Clabburn Oliver , Groves Karen E , Jack Barbara 
Published: May 2020

AimThe study aimed to evaluate student and facilitator perceptions regarding the novel use of a virtual learning environment (VLE) in the development and implementation of ‘Ivy Street’.Sample/methodsHealthcare professionals enrolled on the first palliative and end-of-life care masters level module and course facilitators were invited to participate in the study. Two online surveys were developed comprising five open-ended questions to gain both student (n=16) and facilitator (n=4) perceptions of Ivy Street. Data were analysed thematically.FindingsThe key theme to emerge was the ‘Positive Perceptions of Ivy Street’. A second sub theme ‘Critical Feedback of Ivy Street’ focused on some initial technical issues. Respondents perceived the use of Ivy Street to be enjoyable, enabling and promoting peer discussion, while also having a high impact on student engagement. Respondents commented how Ivy Street removed concerns regarding confidentiality when discussing patient cases through utilisation of standardised Ivy Street characters.ConclusionThe novel use of a VLE through developing characters, a story and vignettes is considered to be an effective and engaging method of learning for healthcare professionals enrolled on a palliative and end-of-life care module.
Emergency department preparation for COVID-19: accelerated care units
Authors: Noble Jeanne , Degesys Nida Felicija , Kwan Elizabeth , Grom Edward , Brown Cortlyn , Fahimi Jahan , Raven Maria 
Published: May 2020

By 11 February 2020 when the WHO named the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it causes (COVID-19), it was evident that the virus was spreading rapidly outside of China. Although San Francisco did not confirm its first locally transmitted cases until the first week of March, our ED and health system began preparing for a potential COVID-19 surge in late February 2020.In this manuscript, we detail how the above responses were instrumental in the rapid deployment of two military-grade negative-pressure medical tents, named accelerated care units (ACU). We describe engagement of our workforce, logistics of creating new care areas, ensuring safety through personal protective equipment access and conservation, and the adaptive leadership challenges that this process posed.We know of no other comprehensive examples of how EDs have prepared for COVID-19 in the peer-reviewed literature. Many other EDs both in and outside of California have requested access to the details of how we operationalised our ACUs to facilitate their own planning. This demonstrates the urgent need to disseminate this information to our colleagues. Below we describe the process of developing and launching our ACUs as a potential model for other EDs around the country.
On the Mean Flow in the Western Gulf of Mexico and a Reappraisal of Errors in Ship-Drift Data
Authors: Sturges Wilton 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShip-drift data in the Gulf of Mexico have led to a perplexing result, that the near-surface flow in the west has a north–south mean, of the east–west flow, ~5–10 cm s−1 into a closed basin. Ship-drift data have been used in the past hundred years under the assumption that they are reasonably accurate; the present study examines that assumption carefully, finding that the standard deviation of individual observations is typically ~20 cm s−1. In a monthly mean composed of order 400 observations or more, as examined here, the standard error of the mean will be reduced accordingly. In the southern part of the western Gulf of Mexico, the observed upper-layer flow is clearly to the west and is consistent with our expectations. In the northern part, however, the apparent flow as reported by ship drift in deep water is not significantly different from zero. Thus, the puzzling result remains: three different datasets in the southern half of the basin clearly show flow to the west, with speeds of 10 cm s−1 or more, yet there is no clear evidence of a near-surface return flow back to the east. The convergent wind stress forces downwelling of the upper layer; its return flow could be at some intermediate depth. The transport to the west from Loop Current rings is possibly returned in a deep boundary flow driven by the rectification of deep topographic Rossby waves.
Assessing the Impacts of Augmented Observations on the Forecast of Typhoon Wutip’s (2013) Formation Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Tien Tran Tan , Nguyen-Quynh Hoa Dao , Thanh Cong , Kieu Chanh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, the impacts of different augmented observations on forecasts of Typhoon Wutip’s (2013) formation are examined. Using the local ensemble transformed Kalman filter (LETKF) implemented for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, it is found that the prediction of Wutip’s formation location and timing is strongly governed by the strength of a monsoon trough that extends from the Bay of Bengal to the Philippine Sea. By properly capturing the strength of the monsoon trough after assimilating augmented observations available during Wutip’s early stage, the WRF Model could provide better forecasts of Wutip’s formation location and timing as compared to the forecasts initialized directly from global model analyses. Among different types of augmented observations, the satellite atmospheric motion wind vector (AMV) maintained by the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) appears to be the most critical in enhancing the large-scale representation of the monsoon trough. The benefit of augmented observations in Wutip’s formation forecast is most apparent at about 36 h prior to the observed formation time. At the shorter 24-h lead time, there is, however, no clear benefit of augmented observations in predicting the timing and the location of Wutip’s formation due to better global analyses. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the vital role of the CIMSS-AMV data in improving the large-scale environment required for TC formation that one should take into account for real-time TC forecasts.
Voice-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Walgama Evan S. , Borrelli Michela , Mirocha James , Barbu Anca M. , Vardanyan Narine , Shamsian Arash , Hopp Stephanie , Hopp Martin L. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has long been associated with vocal dysfunction. However, studies quantifying the presence of voice dysfunction in CRS patients or the effects of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) are sparse. The goal of this study was to determine the voice-related quality of life in patients undergoing FESS for CRS using the validated Voice Related Quality of Life Survey (VRQL). We correlated the preoperative VRQL scores to the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores, and we determined the effect of FESS on postoperative VRQL scores. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing FESS were preoperatively administered both the VRQL and the SNOT-22 surveys. Spearman (ρ) and Pearson ( r) correlation coefficients were calculated. The VRQL was mailed to patients postoperatively between 3 and 6 months. The paired t-test was used to compare pre- and post-FESS scores. Results: A total of 102 patients were enrolled, and 81 patients completed the two surveys. A total of 51 (62.9%) patients had raw VRQL score ≥ 10, signifying presence of significant vocal symptoms. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) raw VRQL score of the entire study population was 12.4 ± 4.6, and the mean SNOT-22 score was 37.8 ± 19.2. The Spearman correlation coefficient between VRQL and the total SNOT-22 score was 0.34 ( P =.002), and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.36 ( P = .001). Both correlations were similar, demonstrating that increasing severity of CRS symptoms correlates with decreasing voice-related quality of life (QOL). Seventy patients completed the postoperative survey for an 86% retention rate. Thirty-six of these patients had abnormal preoperative VRQL scores, and these patients improved significantly after FESS. The mean preoperative versus postoperative raw scores were 15.2 ± 5.6 versus 12.5 ± 4.1, respectively ( P = .003). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the increasing presence of vocal complaints with increasing severity of CRS. It also demonstrates that VRQL scores improve after FESS in those patients with preoperative vocal complaints. Level of Evidence: IV
Evaluation of the application value of a three-dimensional digital model of the knee in clinical practice
Authors: Keremu Ajimu , Mijiti Nuersimanguli , Mijiti Sirejiding , Tuxun Aikebaier , Abudurexiti Abulikemu 
Published: May 2020

Objective To compare the knee shape and bone parameters between knee prosthesis products from overseas companies and a Chinese patient’s knee, and to apply the anatomical basis for Chinese knee prosthesis design. Methods Three-dimensional digital models were built, including prosthesis products for a normal adult. The relevant anatomy index was measured, and physical parameter, radiographic, geometric, knee kinematic, and distal geometry data were collected on the femur and tibia. Results The width of the femoral condyle (WFC), width of the medial femoral condyle (WMFC), width of the lateral femoral condyle (WLFC), depth of the intercondylar fossa (DICF), sagittal length of the medial femoral condyle (SLMFC), sagittal length of the lateral femoral condyle (SLLFC), angle of the medial femoral condyle (AMFC), and angle of the lateral femoral condyle (ALFC) in the femur and the transverse diameter (ML) and anteroposterior diameter (AP) of the tibial bone were measured. These parameters were significantly lower in the normal group compared with the prosthesis product model group. Conclusion When using an imported knee prosthesis, the osteotomy angle may not fit perfectly. Use of an imported prosthesis may be an important factor in the increasing failure of knee arthroplasty in China.