bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation on thermal behaviour of Sevelamer Carbonate and non-isothermal decarboxylation kinetics using TGA to obtain activation energy and pre-exponential factor
Authors: Mahendran K , Jha Anjali , Aliada Ravikiran , Vakkala Sudhakar , Batna Ravibabu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sevelamer carbonate (SC) is a phosphate binder used to treat chronic kidney disease patients to remove excess phosphate. It is an insoluble drug and thus cannot be absorbed into the systemic circulation, so the in vivo bioequivalence studies cannot be performed. The USFDA, therefore, recommends in vitro phosphate binding tests and API-sameness tests to show the interchangeability of generic variants of the sevelamer carbonate tablets. The API-sameness mentions a variety of physicochemical characteristics including carbonate content. In this work, we studied the decarboxylation characteristics using thermal techniques (DSC & TGA). We have determined the activation energy and pre-exponential factor (Arrhenius parameters-Ea
and A) that of the decarboxylation using nonisothermal kinetics of decarboxylation in combination with a well-accepted Coats-Redfern model-fitting method. A total of 13 different models were tested of solid-state reaction in which the second-order model suits best with an excellent correlation of 0.9926. The resultant values of the Ea
and A are 25 kcal/mol and 1.23007 × 1012 Sec-1, respectively. The comparison of decarboxylation activation energy values may offer additional assurance on the API-sameness, in addition to comparing carbonate content alone.
A Method of Transforming Plain Text into Cipher Text using Gear Graphs and Product Cordial Labeling
Authors: Uma Maheswari G , Umamaheswari M S , Muthusamy Ramya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research article includes the development of encoding technique of ordinary text with the help of Gear structure Gn
by using vertex multiplications, the graph Gn
is vertex product cordial for n not even and there is no vertex product cordial labeling for n even. By using three graphs G
5,G
7 and G
11, illustrations are given for converting Text in to Matrix and developed flowchart for coding technique. At present the encoding method includes computer algorithm techniques, but here the researcher develp a new method of coding without computer knowledge.
Fuzzy logic controller based priority model for VANET scheduling
Authors: Anusuya K V , Sakthi Priya M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Designing a reliable Vehicular Adhoc Network is challenging, due to the critical constraints in providing reliability with ensured data delivery and minimal latency simultaneously. Here, a fuzzy-based congestion control technique, to minimize latency and packet loss for high priority safety messages is proposed. Fuzzy logic is employed to provide multi-level priority assignment to the vehicles contending for channel access. Based on this priority, the queued messages in the Cluster Head are scheduled. NS-2 simulations prove that this technique improves the packet delivery and minimizes packet loss and channel access delay compared to cognitive radio based implementations at largely densed vehicular network.
An isolated photovoltaic power generation system with a novel fractional order PID controller based control strategy
Authors: Aseem K , Selva Kumar S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic systems have major role in the development of sustainable energy systems. An efficient controller for standalone photovoltaic system based on fractional calculus is proposed in this work. The power extracted from the PV systems are continuously varies with respect to the dynamic changes of solar irradiance value and climate temperature. Here we introduce a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is which realized with the support of Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers to extract the maximum possible power from the Photo Voltaic(PV)modules. The PID controller and FOPID controllers are also ensures the constant dc bus voltage and hence the ac output voltage at become stable. The effectiveness of the controller are compared using various performance time domain specifications like overshoot percentage, rise-time, settling-+time, etc. The various analysis were done under the variation of irradiance and temperature in MATLAB Simulink platform. The FOPID controller give improved performance compare with conventional PID controllers.
Application of deep learning and compressed sensing for reconstruction of images
Authors: Hanumanth P , Bhavana P , Subbarayappa Shreyanka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Compressed sensing (CS) is a technique in signal processing which reconstructs any given signal at a rate less than that of Nyquist’s’ rate given that the signal is sparse and incoherent in nature. The main focus of CS is to find a random matrix which reconstructs the original signal using as few samples as possible. In recent years there has been a lot of interest in using CS to reconstruct 2D images. Several machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been proposed for finding the random matrix. However, using deep learning techniques to generate the random matrix is still an emerging concept. There are several papers exploring the concepts of deep learning with compressed sensing for images and have produced promising results. The results obtained in these papers warrant a comparison to analyze their performances against more traditional methods to determine the best approach to reconstruct images. These results are also compared with the popular JPEG and JPEG2000 codecs. This paper focuses on surveying deep learning algorithms for reconstruction of images using CS. The comparison reveals that deep learning algorithms perform significantly better than traditional methods and perform well when compared to any image compression codec like JPEG. Possible methods to improve the existing algorithms have been suggested.
Agriculture automation system
Authors: Choudhary Rakesh , Rajarathnam M , Alekya M , Prithiv Hari K , Selva Kumar S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Agriculture is one of the very old human occupation, but it is not a stranger to automation. The world population is increasing exponentially and with it comes the need to produce more food. Conventional method requires more manpower and water. This paper deals with a scaled down model of an agriculture automated system. The hardware employs linear guides in the x, y and z directions that allow agricultural process like seed injection, humidity sending and watering with required precision there by maintaining the crop and soil economically. The whole system is fully controlled and automated from the sowing of seeds to watering them. The hardware developed was tested for its functioning with the scaled down plantation model integrated toit.
A wideband probe-fed low cost mm wave fractal antenna array for 5G
Authors: Shet Krishnananda , Karthikeya G S , Suraj H S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Antennas for 5G needs to be compact, low-cost and of broad band. The proposed antenna is a co-axial fed Sierpinski fractal antenna of 1stiteration which satisfies most of the important requirements for prospective 5G cellular communication. The proposed design has broad impedance bandwidth of 2.6 GHz at resonant frequency of 28.2 GHz and suitable radiation pattern for beam steering. Various characterization studies are performed to achieve beam steering. An L-shaped array of the proposed antenna is designed for this purpose. This array is also placed on a generic smartphone mock-up and the radiation pattern is characterized.
Vehicle wheel detection using micro doppler effect
Authors: Pradeepth S , Peeyush K P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the advent of autonomous driving, safety have become the top priority. To adhere vehicle safety standard for autonomous vehicle, the sensors play the primary role in sensing the environment. With high frequency resolution radar, micro motions of the vehicle wheel can be detected. Time-Frequency distribution is used to detect the frequency changes with respect to time. MUSIC is a high resolution direction finding algorithm, which can estimate the direction of arrival of echo signals. Micro Doppler effect provides the vehicle wheel information related to the number of spokes and its spoke size. With this information, it is possible to detect the exact position of the wheels in the vehicle.
Study of the Concrete Production Process -A graph theoretic approach
Authors: Sangeetha P , Shanmugapriya M , Sundareswaran R , Sowmya K , Srinidhi S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The selection of concrete is a challenging task for civil engineers. The choice of concrete is normally arrived upon according to the correlation of the main factors and its co parameters. The civil engineers have to be rationalised in choosing the appropriate concrete for construction with the particular material for the application in order to produce low cost concrete. In this paper, graph-theoretic approach is used to find the best concrete process among the available different processes. The fishbone diagram represents the factors and its cofactors that are involved in the production process of concrete. A digraph characteristic is drawn which represents the factors like fibers, materials, method of curing and Admixture with their cofactors affecting the selection process. Identifying the interdependency of the factors and their inheritances and representing them by using numerical values with a matrix form are carried out in this work for three different processes of production of concrete. Plain Cement Concrete (PCC), Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) and High Strength Concrete (HSC) are considered in order to achieve the quality, strength and cost. This technique is illustrated with an example for decision-making problems when there are multiple alternatives to multiple interdependent factors.
Seismic vibrations of complex relief of the surface of the naryn canyon (on the Norin river in Kyrgyzstan) during large-scale underground explosions
Authors: Safarov I I , Homidov F F , Rakhmonov B S , Almuratov Sh N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper the problem of the propagation of seismic blast waves in a deformable half-space with complex free surfaces of the Noryn Canyon (on the Noryn River in Kyrgyzstan) during large-scale underground explosions is discussed. In the explosion, according to a specially developed technique camouflage action charges were used. It was found that, granites in the fault zone are intensely fragmented and fractured. On the plane of the cracks, traces of sliding and friction clay are noticeable. The lowest values of elastic wave velocities are observed in the zones of tectonic cracks and in the surface of the massif. With depth, the velocity increases similarly to the change in fracturing. A theoretical formulation, solution methods and algorithm for the problem of propagation of seismic blast waves in a viscoelastic half-space (with a complex relief of the free surface) are proposed. The aim of the work is to study their dynamic behavior, create a methodology, develop and implement ideas when conducting full-scale experiments and measuring parameters that determine the dynamic behavior of half-space with complex surface and ground rails under seismic and explosive effects. Field experiments and corresponding theoretical studies in this formulation were carried out for the first time.
Enactment of aluminium-fly ash composites
Authors: Choudhury Anup , Nanda Jajneswar , Das Sankar Narayan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) augmented with fly ash particulates have brought notable recognition due to their inherent extensive physical, mechanical, tribological, and chemical response towards a number of applications with low cost in current times. Besides that, due to low density (fly ash), it exposes high strength to weight ratio to the metal matrix composite. It is gathered in thermal power plants in huge volumes like solid left-over by-product. The utilization of fly ash as a reinforcement waives the necessity of its disposal and inhibits environmental pollution. The existing paper contributes a comprehensive research analysis on the different performance of the fly ash reinforced aluminium composites manufactured by multiple methods. The current discussion has classified into separate segments according to the needed performance of aluminium reinforced including fly ash particles.
Physicochemical analysis of sugarcane bagasseash (SBA) blended concrete to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of SBA
Authors: Patil Chidanand , Manjunath M , Bandekar Sneha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) is the residue of burnt sugarcane bagasse used as a fuel in the co-generation units. The enormous quantities of SBA obtained as waste material from the cogeneration units can be utilized as a pozzolona.This article presents the investigation on the physical and chemical analysis on concrete made with OPC blended with SBA. Experimental investigation is performed on M30 grade concrete which forms the control mix. SBA blended concrete is obtained by partially replacing the OPC with SBA at different percentages. The workability of the fresh concrete and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days of the control concrete and SBA blended concrete are determined.The particle size distribution, surface area and specific gravity of OPC and SBA were determined using HORIBA zeta analyzer, BET surface area analyzer and Standard Le-chatelier flask respectively. The chemical composition of SBA and OPC was obtained using XRF technique and the mineralogical analysis of SBA was carried out using XRD technique.To evaluate the pozzolanic activity of SBA, the hardened concrete matrix wereanalyzed for their microstructural and chemical composition using SEM and EDS techniques. The compressive strength results indicate that replacement of OPC by SBA upto 20% is beneficial. The SEM images and EDS analysis substantiates the pozzolanicbehavior of SBA at different replacement percentages.
Analysis on the library service quality with analytic hierarchy process model
Authors: Fai Liew Kah , Siew Lam Weng , Hoe Lam Weng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Library service is a significant factor for a university to give the public a glimpse on the university education quality. An excellent library can provide a comfortable study environment for the students to concentrate on their learning. Besides that, library should also be a source that the students can easily search for the plenty of updated information that they need. As a result, a conceptual framework based on Analytic Hierarchy Process model is proposed to identify the priority of the main decision criteria and sub-criteria toward the library service quality among the undergraduate students. The results show that information control is the most influential decision criterion, followed by library as place and affect of service. Moreover, the top five most influential sub-criteria are desk and seating availability, Internet/WIFI facilities, cleanliness and beauty, temperature setting, and finally online journal collection. The findings of this study can provide an insight to the library to improve the services in order to satisfy the students’ expectations and needs in the future. This study is significant because AHP model is proposed to determine the quality of the library service with the consideration of the important decision criteria.
Impact analysis of bumper beam to be proposed for Indian passenger cars
Authors: Khedkar N K , Sonawane C R , Kumar Satish 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cars equipped with modern devices like rare parking sensor, parking camera, etc. helps in avoiding low-speed impact. However, in reality, these low-speed impacts are still happening very frequently because of no of factors like slow-moving heavy traffic, the experience of the driver during parking the vehicle, etc. The bumpers, which essentially act as low-speed energy absorbers, are provided inthe rear and front side of a vehicle. In the present work, three different bumper beamsare fabricated based on the design parameters obtained during numerical simulation conducted as per low-speed impact guideline of standards of automotive stated in E.C.E. United Nations Agreement, Regulation no. 42 (1994). Theenergy absorption capacity and strength of these bumper beams arenumerically investigated. The numerical simulations are obtained for low-speed pendulum impact test to prove the crashworthiness of the proposed bumper beams.
Influences of welding parameters on friction stir welding of AA 6063 Al-alloy and copper plates – An experimental study
Authors: Sathish D , Veeramanikandan M , Boovendravarman S , Jeryrajkumar L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Friction stir welding is a solid state welding technique for the welding of metallic compounds. The Aluminium alloy 6063 and commercially available copper of 6 mm thickness are welded in circular butt joint geometry by friction stir welding (FSW) process, using vertical milling machine. The Friction stir welding was carried out at each rotational speed of 800 rpm and 1000 rpm for different travel speed 20 and 40 mm/min at constant probe depth of 2.9 mm, towards the trailing edge and a dwell time of 3 sec. One of the critical elements for the achievement of this method is the friction stir welding tool. It comprises of a distinct geometry cylindrical shoulder and a pin. The said instrument was intended for friction stir welding of the dissimilar metal plates in the experimental job with cylindrical pin profile. The results have been correlated with the micro structural characteristics at the bond interface using scanning electron microscopy. The results show the characteristics of different types of intermetallic compound formed at the interface derived from energy input.
Studies on the effect of hard segment cross-linking on the polyurethane properties
Authors: Mogha Anupama , Kaushik Anupama 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The studies focus on the preparation of the polyurethane sheets. Polyurethanes belong to the polymers that have the wide spectrum of applications. The polyurethane based materials are getting worldwide attention and demand, due to their superior properties over the other materials available. The pure polyurethane as well as cross linked polyurethane sheets was prepared using the polymerization process. The prepared polyurethanes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis TGA-DTG analysis. The compositional and structural studies indicate the formation of polyurethane linkages. Also the thermal stability is indicated by the TGA analysis. The SEM image provides the morphological studies for the polyurethane samples.
Investigations of the influence of hexagonal boron nitride particulates on mechanical & tribological properties of PA66
Authors: Mistry M , Randhawa K S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present research investigates the influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particulates on PA66 composite’s mechanical and tribological properties. The compounding of 5wt% h-BN and PA66 matrix was done with the help of twin-screw extruder. Specimens of pure PA66 and PA66/h-BN composites were prepared by the injection moulding process. Mechanical and tribological properties i.e. tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, Rockwell hardness, friction coefficient and wear rates were measured in this research to quantify the different properties of materials. Results shows that the modulus of elasticity and Rockwell hardness of composites were improved while the tensile strength was found decreased in negligible amount compare to pure PA66. The h-BN fillers were found to be effective in reducing wear and friction of PA66/h-BN composite in tribological testing.
Shape memory alloy properties, modelling aspects and potential applications - a review
Authors: Vasudha N , Uma Rao K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are an interesting class of materials for researchers over the past few decades. With the advancement in material science and technology, more importance is given to active materials whose properties can be tailored according to the needs, enabling the development of engineered materials that are strong, lighter in weight, and occupy less volume. The shape memory alloys stand apart from the other metals in terms of the recoverable strain it can undergo upon excitation by a thermal stimulus. Due to this unique nature the SMAs possess dual functionality, wherein it poses both as a sensor as well as an actuator, and hence finds its applications in diverse fields. The current paper will give a brief introduction to the SMA and its key effects, review and discuss the different types of SMAs, their material characteristics, behavior, advantages, modeling aspects that will aid in the practical implementation of the SMAs and potential applications.
Design and analysis of a passive ankle foot orthosis by using transient structural method
Authors: Kubasad Prashanth R , Gawande Vedant A , Todeti Somasekhara Rao , Kamat Yogeesh D , Vamshi Nemalikonda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFoot drop is a condition where individuals are unable to lift the foot through the ankle. It results in slap foot after heel contact and toe drag during the swing phase. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is a mechanical device that supports both the ankle and foot of the individual and guides the movements of the foot to prevent slap foot and toe drag. There are two types of AFOs:Passive AFO and Active AFO. In this work, design and static analysis of a passive AFO to fit a human foot is presented. The static analysis was carried out for AFO made of two different materials (Polypropylene and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)) with two different thicknesses (3mm and 4mm). Based on the results obtained from the static analysis, the design of AFO was optimized for shape and thickness.Further dynamic analysis was carried out on the optimized AFO to know its behaviour in walking condition. The results obtained from the static and dynamic analyses showed that the polypropylene AFO was better compared to that of HDPE AFO by generating less stress, deformation, and factor of safety. The proposed AFO can be fabricated and tested for real-time walking conditions.
Virtual design analysis of the sleeping structure
Authors: Kulkarni Narendra B , Sansgiri Sanjiv M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The sleeping structures are the structures which are utilized for sleep or rest purpose. The utilization of them in day-in day-out activities is common in present era. Designing of any structure, requires examining its behaviour for the applied load and boundary conditions. Designing of such sleeping structures have caught attention of many inventors from decades. This research paper focuses on brief description about the linear analysis of the sleeping structure i.e. Bed designed by authors. The new designs of sleeping structure designed by inventors have gained most attention in the development of sleeping structures. The authors design of the structure is modelled in Computer Aided Design software PTC Creo and analysed in analysis software Altair’s Hyperworks. In this paper the sleeping structure is formulated as 2D beam with three support, two supports at both end and one at middle. The aim of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of structure for maximum stress and deflection for different load stages.