bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of significant factors for improving compressive strength of ABS in Fused Deposition Modeling by using GA & RSM
Authors: Chhabra D , Deswal S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The current research work is focused on optimization of FDM 3D printer input factors for compressive strength of ABS fabricated parts. It is a carbon chain copolymer thermoplastic possessing high impact strength and rigidity. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic algorithm (GA) integrated with each other to optimize the input factors. Five factors viz. Layer thickness (LT), Build Orientation (BO), Raster angle (RA), Raster width (RW) and Air gap (AG) have been studied and modeled for compressive strength utilizing RSM. In present experimentation, quadratic model has been suggested for compressive strength. Build Orientation is most significant factor that imparts considerable effect on compressive strength as compared to other factors. Finally, GA-RSM, a popular hybrid evolutionary approach is used to optimize the factors.
Influence of Drop Height on Impact Stresses in Aerial Bomb - A Numerical Study
Authors: Srinivas Joshi Prahlad , Panigrahi S.K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A typical conventional aerial bomb is a streamlined cylinder with an outer casing, inner explosive material, a fuse to ignite the explosive filling, an arming mechanism for fuse and an optional tail unit. The outer casing is usually metallic with a pointed nose at the tip for better aerodynamic characteristics. The present work mainly focuses on Finite Element (FE) simulation of aerial bomb impact using Ansys Explicit Dynamics for imported three-dimensional model of aerial bomb using Solid Edge. FE simulation was carried out to find stresses and deformation limits for two varied impact distances between Bomb and fixed target fields. Further, the impact simulation results were validated by analytical solutions.
Development of a Sintered Porous Neck Filter for miniature Joule Thomson Cryo-cooler for cooling Infrared detectors
Authors: Singhal Mayank , Kumar Rajesh , Walia R.S. , Pandey S.K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One of the primary requirements for operation of Infrared (IR) detector systems for defence applications is the availability of a reliable miniature cryocooler. Due to a simple configuration, compact and light structure and rapid cool down characteristics, miniature Joule Thomson (JT) cryocoolers are considered ideal for IR detector systems. The need for high purity gas supply is a main concern in order to ensure long and reliable operation of Joule Thomson miniature cryocoolers. Minute solid particles are the common and problematic impurity which on being lodged in the cooler orifice hampers the cryo-cooling process of the cooler by choking which affects the operation of IR detector packaged in an Infrared detector cryochamber or dewar.
The paper focuses on realization of sintered porous neck filter, the developmental aspects of the same and its characterization. In the present work a sintered porous neck filter with 5μm pore size and a filter porosity of nearly 35% was developed. The filter developed was assembled at the warm end of the cooler and the cooler assembly was integrated in the IR cryochamber for in system evaluation and confirmation of the desired quality of the developed porous filter.
Synthesis and Characterization of Yttrium based Luminescent Materials
Authors: Singh Vartika S. , Moharil S.V. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
NaYF4 is well known and most promising upconversion yttrium based fluoride phosphor till date. Fluoride synthesis is rather tricky due to their peculiar physico-chemical properties. Fluorides are highly susceptible to hydrolysis. This is detrimental to the luminescence. Conventional method for preparing complex fluoride compounds is solid state reaction which is a tedious task. In recent years, many new methods such as wet chemical synthesis have been suggested for these novel materials. These new syntheses provide more milder and efficient ways of materials preparation. Here, preparation of two luminescent hosts NaYF4 and KYF4 was attempted via Wet-Chemical synthesis. Among these, NaYF4 could be successfully prepared, whereas synthesis of KYF4 was partially successful. Formation of these compounds was confirmed by various measurements. Photoluminescence was obtained for Ce3+ doped NaYF4.
Event-triggered Adaptive Dynamic Surface Output Feedback Inverse Control for a Class of Hysteresis Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Di Shuai , Dai Yaoqi , Cao Wenjing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the difficult problem of the nonlinear system with hysteresis, the Prandtl-Ishlinskii model is used to describe the system. A neural network-based output feedback adaptive dynamic surface inverse control (DSIC) scheme is proposed. Firstly, in order to overcome the hysteresis compensation error, an auxiliary design parameter is introduced into the observer to construct an improved high-gain k-order filter state observer to accurately estimate the unmeasurable state. Then, the inverse of the asymmetric displacement matrix of the Prandtl-Ishlinskii model is used as feedforward compensation. the unknown density function with different thresholds is not estimated, the analysis compensation error is obtained, the over-parameterization problem is effectively avoided. At the same time, the event trigger mechanism is introduced in the controller design process to discretize the continuous control signal under the condition of event triggering to improve the computational efficiency of the controller. Finally, the simulation is verified, the results shows the control scheme has higher control precision and faster control speed.
Fault Diagnosis of Distribution Terminal Units’ Measurement System Based on Generative Adversarial Network Combined with Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhou Q F , Ge Y , Song X D , Lai K , Guo J C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As the condition monitoring and control device in the distribution automation system, the abnormal or fault state of distribution terminal units’ measurement system will negatively affect the quality of measured electrical quantities, and therefore, the fast and accurate discrimination of the abnormal state’s data will improve the reliability of distribution automation system. This paper proposes a method, which is based on generative adversarial network (GAN) combined with convolutional neural network (CNN), to discriminate the specific fault category of distribution terminals’ measuring electrical data. Firstly, four fault state characteristic time-frequency domain graph models of terminals’ AC voltage sampling data are established, which based on Fourier transform (STFT). Then, take advantage of GAN’s reconstruction of input graph data, to generate additional time-frequency sample graphs expanding the sample size of training set, which will be used to train a CNN to diagnosis and classify the fault state of terminals from measuring data. Finally, three training sets with different capacity expansion modes are set up to compare and verify that the method of GAN combined with CNN proposed in this paper improves the discrimination accuracy on the fault data, and the validation of diagnosis terminals’ measurement system.
A Large-Scale High-Density Weighted Structural Connectome of the Macaque Brain Acquired by Predicting Missing Links
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Zhang Zi-Ke , He Yong , Zhou Changsong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As a substrate for function, large-scale brain structural networks are crucial for fundamental and systems-level understanding of primate brains. However, it is challenging to acquire a complete primate whole-brain structural connectome using track tracing techniques. Here, we acquired a weighted brain structural network across 91 cortical regions of a whole macaque brain hemisphere with a connectivity density of 59% by predicting missing links from the CoCoMac-based binary network with a low density of 26.3%. The prediction model combines three factors, including spatial proximity, topological similarity, and cytoarchitectural similarity—to predict missing links and assign connection weights. The model was tested on a recently obtained high connectivity density yet partial-coverage experimental weighted network connecting 91 sources to 29 target regions; the model showed a prediction sensitivity of 74.1% in the predicted network. This predicted macaque hemisphere-wide weighted network has module segregation closely matching functional domains. Interestingly, the areas that act as integrators linking the segregated modules are mainly distributed in the frontoparietal network and correspond to the regions with large wiring costs in the predicted weighted network. This predicted weighted network provides a high-density structural dataset for further exploration of relationships between structure, function, and metabolism in the primate brain.
Effects of Video Reversal on Gaze Patterns during Signed Narrative Comprehension
Authors: Bosworth Rain , Stone Adam , Hwang So-One 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLanguage knowledge, age of acquisition (AoA), and stimulus intelligibility all affect gaze behavior for reading print, but it is unknown how these factors affect “sign-watching” among signers. This study investigated how these factors affect gaze behavior during sign language comprehension in 52 adult signers who acquired American Sign Language (ASL) at different ages. We examined gaze patterns and story comprehension in four subject groups who differ in hearing status and when they learned ASL (i.e. Deaf Early, Deaf Late, Hearing Late, and Hearing Novice). Participants watched signed stories in normal (high intelligibility) and video-reversed (low intelligibility) conditions. This video manipulation was used because it distorts word order and thus disrupts the syntax and semantic content of narratives, while preserving most surface phonological features of individual signs. Video reversal decreased story comprehension accuracy, and this effect was greater for those who learned ASL later in life. Reversal also was associated with more dispersed gaze behavior. Although each subject group had unique gaze patterns, the effect of video reversal on gaze measures was similar across all groups. Among fluent signers, gaze behavior was not correlated with AoA, suggesting that “efficient” sign watching can be quickly learnt even among signers exposed to signed language later in life.
Fluorometric Determination of Chlortetracycline in Mixed Feeds
Authors: Katz Stanley E , Spock Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The fluorometric procedure for chlortetracycline in mixed feeds is based upon the degradation of chlortetracycline in alkaline solution to isochlortetracycline. The fluorescence of the isochlortetracycline is directly proportional to the concentration of chlortetracycline present prior to alkaline degradation. Chlortetracycline is extracted from mixed feeds with an acidmethanol solvent system, separated from the feed extract by adsorption on a Dowex 50 ion exchange resin, and eluted from the resin by ammonium hydroxide after conversion to isochlortetracycline. The isochlortetracycline is measured fluorometrically. Recoveries from known feeds are generally greater than 90% and agreements with microbiological assays are very close.
Determination of p-Aminobenzoic Acid in Feeds
Authors: Merwin Richard T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative studies were conducted on a revised method for p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in feeds. PABA is diazotized and coupled with N-1-naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form a red complex that provides both a qualitative test and a spectrophotometric assay. The PABA is extracted with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution and the alkaline hydrolysis step is eliminated. Results were close to the labeled drug content, although the aged feed evidenced drug instability. The revised method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Pesticide Formulations
Authors: Barrette J P , Payfer R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Although gas chromatography is associated with the determination of pesticide residues, the technique is also useful for analysis of commercial pesticide formulations. For 0.1—2.0% test solutions, high attenuations are used with very sensitive detectors such as the hydrogen-flame detector. Provided a standard of known purity is available for each pesticide examined, a large number of pesticides can be analyzed on a routine basis. The relative retention times for more than 60 pesticides are given for two sets of operating conditions. This tabulation can be used to predict whether any given component of a mixture can be readily estimated.
Phosdrin Residues in Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Bluman N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The enzyme inhibition-spectrophotometric procedure for Phosdrin residues submitted by the manufacturer has been slightly modified and studied collaboratively on apples, tomatoes, and cabbages. This method is based on the ability of Phosdrin to inhibit cholinesterase. Phosdrin is extracted from crops with chloroform, transferred into water, purified to remove organic impurities, and determined quantitatively by the acetylcholinesterase inhibition procedure. The uninhibited cholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine to acetic acid and choline. The acetylcholine not hydrolyzed is reacted with alkaline hydroxylamine and a ferric salt to form a red complex, the absorbance of which is measured spectrophotometrically at 540 mμ. The recoveries at the 0.164 and 0.328 ppm levels of addition ranged from 73.2 to 109.8% for apples, 70.1 to 111.0% for tomatoes, and 68.9 to 117.0% for cabbages. The mean recoveries for apples, tomatoes, arid cabbages were 95.9, 94.9, and 91.6%, respectively; the over-all recovery was 94.1%. The method is recommended as official, first action for quantitative determination of Phosdrin residues in fruits and vegetables.
Determination of VC-13 Nemacide Residues on Crops
Authors: Teasley John I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was made of a method for the determination of VC-13 Nemacide residues, based on the alkaline hydrolysis of the pesticide to produce 2,4-dichlorophenol, which is measured colorimetrically with 4-aminoantipyrine and potassium ferricyanide. Results indicate that cleanup technique is critical and not effective for some crops. Several changes in the method were recommended for the next study. Three of five collaborators obtained satisfactory recoveries at levels of 50—250 ppb.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. I. Application to Vitamin E
Authors: Libby David A , Sheppard Alan J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Current methods for the determination of vitamin E are unsatisfactory for many preparations. Since the majority of food and pharmaceutical fortification with vitamin E is in the acetate form, it is essential to be able to measure this and the other forms accurately. Gas-liquid chromatography was used to separate and quantify certain major tocopherol forms, to separate the acetate form from the alcohol form, and to measure microgram quantities accurately. Individual and mixed tocopherol standards have been used, and responses and sensitivities determined. Calibration studies show that each tocopherol exhibits an individual response curve. Vitamin E can be chromatographed on a variety of stationary phases.
AOAC Methods for the Determination of Phosphorus in Fertilizers
Authors: Hoffman W M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official volumetric method is less suitable than other official methods for the determination of phosphorus in fertilizer and should be deleted.
Because rapid and accurate gravimetric quinoline molybdate and photometric vanadomolybdate methods are available, the little-used official gravimetric magnesium ammonium phosphate method also should be deleted.
Volumetric Ammonium Molybdate Method
Analysis of Nitrogen in Fertilizers
Authors: Davis H A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A survey of fertilizer commercial laboratories and regulatory laboratories showed that the salicylic acid method, 2.037, is still being widely used on liquid fertilizers; that many users of the reduced iron method are modifying it; and that very little use is being made of nitrogen activity methods 2.048— 2.051. It is recommended that the nitrogen activity methods be deleted from the 10th edition of Official Methods of Analysis and cited by reference only, and that attempts be made to develop one generally applicable method for nitrogen in fertilizers.
Partition Column for Determination of Glyceryl Trinitrate in Tablets
Authors: Hohmaxn John R , Levine Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method using column partition chromatographic separation has been developed for the determination of nitroglycerin in soluble, sublingual glyceryl trinitrate tablets. A mixture of the phenoldisulfonic acid reagent and acetic acid is used to extract the nitroglycerin from the eluate. Quantitative results are obtained by measuring the color of the nitrated phenoldisulfonic acid that is formed. Results by the method are in agreement with those obtained by the USP distillation method and an infrared assay.
Collaborative Studies of Methods for Butterfat in omogenized and Chocolate Milk
Authors: Mitchell D J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The AOAC Roese-Gottlieb and Rapid Detergent (TeSa) methods for the determination of butterfat in pasteurized, homogenized milk and in chocolate milk were compared in a collaborative study. The results by the detergent method on both products were comparable to those by the Roese-Gottlieb method. The Babcock method gave low results on the homogenized milk.
Sterol Acetate Test for Foreign Fats in Dairy Products
Authors: Cannon James H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic method for detecting vegetable fat in butterfat has been studied collaboratively this year as an improvement over the present AOAC methods, 26.046-26.047. The gas chromatographic method provides detection at lower levels and a better indication of the quantity of adulterant present. All six collaborators reported the presence of 10% and 5% added margarine. Four of the six reported the presence of 2% added margarine. All reported negative results for the presence of vegetable fat in pure butter. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official, first action.
Thin-Layer Chromatography as a Rapid Screening Method for the Determination of Carbaryl and 1-Naphthol Residues Without Cleanup
Authors: Chiba M , Morley H V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, screening method has been developed in which thin-layer chromatography is used for the detection and estimation of carbaryl and l-naphthol residues in apple, lettuce, and tomato extracts without prior cleanup. A procedure giving a convenient screening range of 0.1—30 ppm is described, but 0.02 ppm in apples and lettuce and 0.03 ppm in tomatoes may be detected without cleanup. By use of a partitioning cleanup 5 ppb of carbaryl may be detected.
Determination of CO2 in Wines by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Ashmead Howard L , Martin Glenn E , Schmit John A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fast and direct method is presented for the determination of CO2 in wines. Partial pressures from other ingredients of alcoholic beverages do not interfere. The method was compared to the manometric procedure under vacuum. An F & M Model 450 Gas Chromatograph with a filament detector was used for C02 determinations. Components were separated by a column 9” long and 1/8” o.d. using charcoal (60—80 mesh) as solid adsorbent. Injection port temperature was ambient; detector and column temperatures were 40°C. Helium was used as a carrier gas at the rate of 50 ml/min. Approximately 50 μ1 samples of standard and unknown solutions were used for the respective determinations.
Collaborative Study of a Chemical Method for Vitamin D
Authors: Hove E L , Shue G M , Jones S W , Wilkie J B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modification of the USP chemical method for vitamin D has been studied collaboratively. Included in the study were four samples, varying from 150 to 100,000 International Units per gram: a fortified chick feed, a fortified evaporated milk, a high potency concentrate, and a fish liver feeding oil. Results by the chemical estimation are compared with those on the same samples by the AOAC rat bioassay, and, when applicable, by the AOAC chick bioassay. The mean results of the chemical assays were 75—100% of the bioassay results. Further modifications of the chemical method to ensure applicability to feeds and foods in the range of 5—95 units per gram should be studied collaboratively.
Polarographic Method for Nitrofurazone and/or Furazolidone in Medicated Feeds
Authors: Fricke Fred L , Keppel George E , Hart Samuel M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A polarographic method has been devised by which nitrofurazone and furazone can be determined in combination or alone in feeds. Either drug may be used as standard. In assay of mixtures, an aliquot of extract is polarographed to obtain the diffusion current of both drugs; a second aliquot containing a known amount of standard gives the diffusion current increase due to added standard. A third aliquot is treated with alkali to selectively destroy furazolidone. The pH is adjusted and a polarogram obtained to show the amount of furazolidone from the decrease in diffusion current. The supporting electrolyte is polarographed alone to determine net diffusion currents. Recoveries for the combined drugs in feed ranged from 93 to 108% for nitrofurazone and 87 to 99% for furazolidone.
Procedure for Extraction and Cleanup of Plant Material Prior to Determination of Organophosphate Residues
Authors: Coffin D E , Savary G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A procedure has been developed for the extraction and cleanup of plant samples prior to the determination of organophosphate residues. It involves acetonitrile extraction, elution of the extract from polyethylene-coated alumina with slightly acidified 40% acetonitrile solution, partitioning of recovered material from water into chloroform, and final elution of the organophosphates from Magnesol with successive portions of chloroform, acetone, and methanol.
Quantitative recoveries (80—107%) by phosphorus determination after paper chromatography of 41 organophosphate standards were obtained from the cleanup procedure. Eight others either were not completely recovered or were recovered at a stage that was not applicable to the determination of residues in plant material. Quantitative i recoveries (80-100%) of 25 of these organophosphate compounds were obtained after extraction and cleanup from samples of lettuce.