bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring circadian function in bipolar disorders: Empirical and conceptual review of physiological, actigraphic, and self‐report approaches
Authors: Murray Greg , Gottlieb John , Hidalgo Maria Paz , Etain Bruno , Ritter Philipp , Skene Debra J. , Garbazza Corrado , Bullock Ben , Merikangas Kathleen , Zipunnikov Vadim , Shou Haochang , Gonzalez Robert , Scott Jan , Geoffroy Pierre A. , Frey Benicio N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterest in biological clock pathways in bipolar disorders (BD) continues to grow, but there has yet to be an audit of circadian measurement tools for use in BD research and practice.ProcedureThe International Society for Bipolar Disorders Chronobiology Task Force conducted a critical integrative review of circadian methods that have real‐world applicability. Consensus discussion led to the selection of three domains to review—melatonin assessment, actigraphy, and self‐report.ResultsMeasurement approaches used to quantify circadian function in BD are described in sufficient detail for researchers and clinicians to make pragmatic decisions about their use. A novel integration of the measurement literature is offered in the form of a provisional taxonomy distinguishing between circadian measures (the instruments and methods used to quantify circadian function, such as dim light melatonin onset) and circadian constructs (the biobehavioral processes to be measured, such as circadian phase).ConclusionsCircadian variables are an important target of measurement in clinical practice and biomarker research. To improve reproducibility and clinical application of circadian constructs, an informed systematic approach to measurement is required. We trust that this review will decrease ambiguity in the literature and support theory‐based consideration of measurement options.
Does private education make nicer people? The influence of school type on social–emotional development
Authors: von Stumm Sophie , Plomin Robert 
Published: June 2020

In a longitudinal sample from Britain, we tested if attending private, fee‐charging schools rather than non‐selective state schools benefitted children’s social–emotional development. State (N = 2,413) and private school children (N = 269) showed no differences in well‐being across adolescence, but private school children reported fewer behaviour problems and greater peer victimisation over time than state schoolers. These results were independent of schools’ selection criteria, including family background, and prior academic and cognitive performance. At age 21, private and state school students differed marginally in social–emotional behaviours, such as self‐control, volunteering, sexual conduct, and substance use. After considering schools’ selection criteria, only risk taking and age at having the first alcoholic drink differed between private and state school children, with the privately educated ones being less risk averse and drinking at younger ages than those attending state school. Our results suggest that private education adds little positive value to children’s social–emotional development.
The recurrence and progression risk after simultaneous endoscopic surgery of urothelial bladder tumour and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sari Motlagh Reza , Mori Keiichiro , Miura Noriyoshi , Quhal Fahad , Aydh Abdulmajeed , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Pradere Benjamin , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Enikeev Dmitry V. , Deuker Marina , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate recurrence and progression risk after simultaneous endoscopic surgery of bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as simultaneous surgery is not an unusual scenario and theoretically simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can lead to an increased risk of recurrence in the bladder neck and prostatic urethra (BN/PU).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the risk of recurrence (i.e. whole bladder and/or BN/PU) and tumour progression as outcomes after a simultaneous endoscopic surgery of bladder tumour and BPH, as compared to TURBT alone. We queried PubMed and Web of Science database on 1 January 2020. We used random‐ and/or fixed‐effects meta‐analytic models in the presence or absence of heterogeneity according to the I2 statistic, respectively.ResultsNine retrospective and three clinical trial studies were selected after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. We conducted the meta‐analysis on retrospective and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) separately. Eight retrospective and three RCT studies were included to assess the BN/PU recurrence risk and the summarised risk ratio (RR) was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.41) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.47–1.84), respectively. Five retrospective and two RCT studies were included to assess the progression risk and the summarised RR was 0.91 (95% CI 0.56–1.48) and 1.16 (95% CI 0.30–4.51), respectively. Eight retrospective and three RCT studies were included to assess the whole bladder recurrence risk and the summarised RR was 0.87 (95% CI 0.78–0.97) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.65–1.21), respectively.ConclusionWe did not observe any increased risk of total bladder recurrence, BN/PU recurrence, or progression after a simultaneous endoscopic surgery of bladder tumour and BPH, as compared to TURBT alone.
Single‐ vs multiple‐layer wound closure for flank incisions: results of a prospective, randomised, double‐blinded multicentre study
Authors: Kriegmair Maximilian C. , Younsi Nina , Hiller Kiriaki , Leitsmann Conrad , Kowalewski Karl F. , Siegel Fabian , Rothamel Martin , Ritter Manuel , Bolenz Christian , Kriegmair Martin , Trojan Lutz , Michel Maurice S. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of postoperative flank bulges between patients with multiple‐layer closure and single superficial‐layer closure after retroperitoneal surgery via open flank incision in the SIngle versus MUltiple‐LAyer wound Closure for flank incision (SIMULAC) trial.Patients and MethodsThe study was a randomised controlled, patient‐ and assessor‐blinded, multicentre trial. Between May 2015 and February 2017, 225 patients undergoing flank incisions were randomised 1:1 to a multiple‐layer closure (SIMULAC‐I) or a single superficial‐layer closure (SIMULAC‐II) group. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a flank bulge 6 months after surgery.ResultsOverall, 177 patients (90 in SIMULAC‐I, 87 in SIMULAC‐II) were eligible for final assessment. The cumulative incidence of a flank bulge was significantly higher in the SIMULAC‐II group (51.7%) compared to the SIMULAC‐I group [34.4%; odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–3.73; P = 0.02]. Rate of severe postoperative complications (4.4% SIMULAC‐I vs 10.3% SIMULAC‐II; P = 0.21) or hernia (6.7% SIMULAC‐I vs 10.3% SIMULAC‐II; P = 0.59) was similar between the groups. There was no difference in pain (visual analogue scale) and the requirement for pain medication at 6 months postoperatively. Quality of life assessed with the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Questionnaire was higher in the SIMULAC‐I group compared to the SIMULAC‐II group at 6 months postoperatively, with a (median range) score of 80 (30–100) vs 75 (5–100) (P = 0.012).ConclusionThe overall risk of a flank bulge after flank incision is high. Multiple‐layer closure after flank incision should be performed as a standard procedure.
Profiling ocular surface responses to preserved and non‐preserved topical glaucoma medications: A 2‐year randomized evaluation study
Authors: Mohammed Imran , Kulkarni Bina , Faraj Lana A. , Abbas Ali , Dua Harminder S. , King Anthony J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundUse of topical glaucoma medications has been reported to cause ocular surface (OS) discomfort and inflammation. This study explores the profile of inflammatory cytokines and OS symptoms induced in response to preserved and non‐preserved drops.MethodsProspective, randomized evaluation on 36 treatment‐naïve patients over 24 months of three differently preserved glaucoma drop preparations: Preservative‐free (PF), polyquad (PQ) and benzalkonium chloride (BAK). Study participants were evaluated at baseline and then at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months while on medication. At each visit, participants completed the OS disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, had basal tear sampling and impression cytology (IC) of the conjunctival epithelium. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12A, IL‐12B, IL‐17A, IL‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α] in the IC samples. Corresponding protein expression of cytokines in tear samples was assessed by the Becton‐Dickinson cytometric bead arrays.ResultsCompared to PF and PQ groups, mRNA and protein expression of IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐1β increased in samples from the BAK group in a time‐dependent fashion, whereas all other cytokines showed a non‐significant increase. In the BAK group, there was a strong correlation between OSDI and the levels of IC/IL‐1β (r = .832, R2 = .692 and P = .040); IC/IL‐10 (r = .925, R2 = .856 and P = .008) and tear/IL‐1β (r = .899, R2 = .808 and P = .014).ConclusionsBAK‐preserved topical drops stimulate a sterile inflammatory response on the OS within 3 months which is maintained thereafter, whereas PF‐drops and PQ‐preserved drops showed no significant OS inflammation.
Photofunctionalization as a suitable approach to improve the osseointegration of implants in animal models—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dini Caroline , Nagay Bruna Egumi , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Maia Lucianne Cople , Barão Valentim Adelino Ricardo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether photofunctionalization influences dental implant osseointegration.Material and methodsData on osseointegration rates were extracted from 8 databases, based on bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and pushout tests. Internal validity was accessed through the SYRCLE risk of bias tool for animal experimental studies. Meta‐analyses were performed for investigation of the influence of photofunctionalization on implant osseointegration, with a random effect and a confidence interval of 95%. The certainty of evidence was accessed through the GRADE approach.ResultsThirty‐four records were identified, and 10 were included in the meta‐analysis. Photofunctionalized implants showed higher mean values for BIC in rabbits (MD 6.92 [1.01, 12.82], p = .02), dogs (MD 23.70 [10.23, 37.16], p = .001), rats (MD 20.93 [12.91, 28.95], p < .0001), and in the pooled BIC analyses (MD 14.23 [7.80, 20.66], p < .0001) compared to those in control implants in the overall assay. Conversely, at late healing periods, the pooled BIC meta‐analyses showed no statistically significant differences (p > .05) for photofunctionalized and control implants at 12 weeks of follow‐up. For pushout analysis, photofunctionalized implants presented greater bone strength integration (MD 19.92 [13.88, 25.96], p < .0001) compared to that of control implants. The heterogeneity between studies ranged from “not important” to “moderate” for rabbits I2 = 24%, dogs I2 = 0%, rats I2 = 0%, and pooled BIC (I2 = 49%), while considerable heterogeneity was observed for pushouts (I2 = 90%).ConclusionPhotofunctionalization improves osseointegration in the initial healing period of implants, as summarized from available data from rabbit, dog, and rat in vivo models.
The effect of inadequate access to peri‐implant hygiene on marginal bone level. A 4‐year cohort prospective study
Authors: Tormena Mariana , Matarazzo Flávia , de Oliveira Bruna Medeiros , Pereira Omar , Previdelli Isolde , Araújo Maurício G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this four‐year cohort prospective study was to evaluate the effect of inadequate access to peri‐implant hygiene on marginal bone level (MBL).Material and MethodsForty‐one partially edentulous patients (16 males and 25 females, aged 49.8 ± 11.9 years) who had implants with at least one year in function were selected. Patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated at three different times: baseline (T0), 2‐year (T1), and 4‐year (T2) follow‐up intervals. At baseline, implants were classified and allocated into two groups: those presenting adequate access (ACC) and inadequate access (no‐ACC) to peri‐implant hygiene. A linear mixed‐effects model for clustered longitudinal data was used to analyze MBL, probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BoP).ResultsOf 131 implants, 74 were considered as having ACC, and 57 as having no‐ACC at T0. Implants in the no‐ACC group presented a statistically greater mean MBL measurement at T2 than implants in the ACC group (p = .011). In the no‐ACC group, a significant reduction in PD from T0 to T1 (p = .019) and from T0 to T2 (p = .010) was observed. Regardless of the group, PI significantly increased at both T1 (p = .00001) and T2 (p = .00004). Regardless of time, the prevalence of BoP was significantly higher in the no‐ACC group than in the ACC group (p = .012).ConclusionInadequate access to peri‐implant hygiene frequently resulted in more peri‐implant inflammation and MBL over time. Proper accessibility to peri‐implant hygiene should be carefully considered during planning of implant restoration, and patients properly motivated into maintenance care.
The Role of Attention in Word Recognition: Results from OB1‐Reader
Authors: Meeter Martijn , Marzouki Yousri , Avramiea Arthur E. , Snell Joshua , Grainger Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen reading, orthographic information is extracted not only from the word the reader is looking at, but also from adjacent words in the parafovea. Here we examined, using the recently introduced OB1‐reader computational model, how orthographic information can be processed in parallel across multiple words and how orthographic information can be integrated across time and space. Although OB1‐reader is a model of text reading, here we used it to simulate single‐word recognition experiments in which parallel processing has been shown to play a role by manipulating the surrounding context in flanker and priming paradigms. In flanker paradigms, observers recognize a central word flanked by other letter strings located left and right of the target and separated from the target by a space. The model successfully accounts for the finding that such flankers can aid word recognition when they contain bigrams of the target word, independent of where those flankers are in the visual field. In priming experiments, in which the target word is preceded by a masked prime, the model accounts for the finding that priming occurs independent of whether the prime and target word are in the same location or not. Crucial to these successes is the key role that spatial attention plays within OB1‐reader, as it allows the model to receive visual input from multiple locations in parallel, while limiting the kinds of errors that can potentially occur under such spatial pooling of orthographic information.
Network Connectivity Dynamics, Cognitive Biases, and the Evolution of Cultural Diversity in Round‐Robin Interactive Micro‐Societies
Authors: Segovia‐Martín José , Walker Bradley , Fay Nicolas , Tamariz Monica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe distribution of cultural variants in a population is shaped by both neutral evolutionary dynamics and by selection pressures. The temporal dynamics of social network connectivity, that is, the order in which individuals in a population interact with each other, has been largely unexplored. In this paper, we investigate how, in a fully connected social network, connectivity dynamics, alone and in interaction with different cognitive biases, affect the evolution of cultural variants. Using agent‐based computer simulations, we manipulate population connectivity dynamics (early, mid, and late full‐population connectivity); content bias, or a preference for high‐quality variants; coordination bias, or whether agents tend to use self‐produced variants (egocentric bias), or to switch to variants observed in others (allocentric bias); and memory size, or the number of items that agents can store in their memory. We show that connectivity dynamics affect the time‐course of variant spread, with lower connectivity slowing down convergence of the population onto a single cultural variant. We also show that, compared to a neutral evolutionary model, content bias accelerates convergence and amplifies the effects of connectivity dynamics, while larger memory size and coordination bias, especially egocentric bias, slow down convergence. Furthermore, connectivity dynamics affect the frequency of high‐quality variants (adaptiveness), with late connectivity populations showing bursts of rapid change in adaptiveness followed by periods of relatively slower change, and early connectivity populations following a single‐peak evolutionary dynamic. We evaluate our simulations against existing data collected from previous experiments and show how our model reproduces the empirical patterns of convergence.
Cutaneous adnexal carcinosarcoma: Immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of epithelial mesenchymal transition
Authors: Kwon DongHyang , Ronen Shira , Giubellino Alessio , Keiser Elizabeth , Aung Phyu P. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Ivan Doina , Curry Jonathan L. , Prieto Victor G. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCutaneous carcinosarcomas are rare biphenotypic tumors that simultaneously show epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. The most common carcinomatous components in skin carcinosarcomas are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma; adnexal carcinomas are rarely encountered. We report a case of an adnexal carcinoma with ductal and squamous differentiation and spindle cell component, which is interpreted as carcinosarcoma. Loss of immunohistochemical expression of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin detected in the sarcomatous component suggested epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA sequencing analysis identified several gene mutations and alterations such as translocations and upregulations/downregulations, either shared by the two components of the tumor or differentially present in the carcinoma or the sarcoma parts. Thus, mutations in genes, such as TP53, were found in both components of the tumor while mutations in PDGFRA and RB1 (a pathogenic missense mutation) were exclusively present in the sarcomatous areas, further supporting EMT. EMT is a dynamic process by which tumors acquire mesenchymal phenotype while simultaneously losing epithelial properties. Although the pathways involved in EMT have been extensively studied, this phenomenon still needs to be investigated in cutaneous tumors of adnexal origin for a better understanding of their pathogenesis. These molecular changes may represent promising targets for personalized therapies.
Calcified mass in the right atrium extending into the inferior vena cava with pulmonary artery embolization. Typical or atypical myxoma?
Authors: Selvaganesan Sajith , S. Khidr Shimaa , Biederman Robert W. W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCardiac masses are divided into neoplastic and non‐neoplastic. They usually represent a diagnostic challenge given their relative rarity, their infrequent symptoms, and the overall difficulty with dynamic imaging of the heart. While echocardiography is useful in the initial evaluation of a suspected mass, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the best imaging modality to characterize cardiac tumors due to its superior tissue characterization and its higher contrast resolution. For neoplastic, primary cardiac tumors are rare (0.05%). Atrial myxoma is the most common cardiac (50%) mass. About 75%‐80% of myxoma are seen in the left atrium. Atypical myxoma is a term describing myxoma arising in other nonleft atrial locations. 20%‐25% myxomas arise from the right atrium and 5% or less from the ventricles. We present a case of a 59‐year‐old female patient presenting with severe dyspnea. Her chest noncontrast CT showed a calcified mass lesion in the right atrium extending into the inferior vena cava. She underwent cardiac MRI for better tissue characterization. The cardiac MRI revealed a very irregular, highly spiculated, heavily calcified, heterogeneous, and nonenhancing lesion within the right atrium extending into the inferior vena cava. Via dynamic imaging, no evidence of mobile components was present. Via T1, T2 along with pre‐ and postcontrast imaging, the mass was confirmed to be calcified without a fibrotic component or evidence of thrombus. The above findings raised the possibility of atypical myxoma.
Electoral uncertainty and financial volatility: Evidence from two‐round presidential races in emerging markets
Authors: Carnahan Daniel , Saiegh Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study how the predictability and the decisiveness of electoral outcomes affect financial volatility. We argue that traders’ optimal investment strategies depend on their ability to make accurate electoral forecasts and the prospective losses associated with placing a bet on the wrong candidate. Using a triple difference‐in‐difference approach and data from two‐round presidential elections in five Latin American countries between 1999 and 2018, we find that financial volatility is greatest in the days immediately following unpredictable, decisive, elections. Postelectoral volatility also occurs following predictable, indecisive elections. The effect of learning the identity of the winning candidate on financial volatility is null when the election is unpredictable and indecisive, as well as when the election is decisive, but the outcome is predictable. These findings offer insights into investors seeking to hedge price risk around elections. They also have important implications regarding the relationship between public opinion polls and postelectoral financial volatility.
Patient outcomes in light chain (AL) amyloidosis: The clock is ticking from symptoms to diagnosis
Authors: Schulman Amanda , Connors Lawreen H , Weinberg Janice , Mendelson Lisa M , Joshi Tracy , Shelton Anthony C , Sanchorawala Vaishali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionSymptomology of AL amyloidosis can be vague, with a broad range of manifestations and potential etiologies. We sought to determine whether time from initial patient‐reported symptom onset to diagnosis was associated with survival.MethodsThe Boston University Amyloidosis Patient Database was queried for patients with AL amyloidosis who presented to the Center for initial evaluation from 2010 to 2015.ResultsA total of 324 patients with AL amyloidosis were evaluated for initial evaluation. The median time to diagnosis from initial symptom onset was 7.1 months (range, 0‐61). At data cutoff, 60.2% (n = 195) of patients were alive; of those, the majority were diagnosed <6 months from initial symptoms (52.3%, n = 102). In contrast, time to diagnosis from symptom onset was >6 months in 63.6% (n = 82) of patients who did not survive at the time of data cutoff (P = .0005). Survival analysis of time from diagnosis to death or data cutoff stratified by time from patient‐reported symptom onset to diagnosis (<6, 6‐12, and >12 months) showed significant differences among groups (P = .001). Additionally, multivariable regression demonstrated that an increase in time from self‐reported symptom onset to diagnosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.04, P = .002).ConclusionThese results support the importance of early diagnosis for patients with AL amyloidosis.