bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine species formation along the rise of Central America: The anomuran crab Megalobrachium
Authors: Hiller Alexandra , Lessios Harilaos A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe evolution of marine neotropical shallow water species is expected to have been greatly affected by physical events related to the emergence of the Central American Isthmus. The anomuran crab Megalobrachium, a strictly neotropical porcellanid genus, consists of four species in the West Atlantic (WA) and nine in the East Pacific (EP). Dispersal is limited to a relatively short planktonic phase, which lasts approximately two weeks. We obtained DNA sequences of three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes of all but one species of Megalobrachium to construct a time‐calibrated phylogeny of the genus and its historical phylogeography, based on the reconstruction of ancestral areas. The topology of the phylogenetic trees of Megalobrachium produced by Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) were virtually congruent. The genus is monophyletic with respect to other porcellanids. Ancestral area reconstruction indicates that it arose in the eastern Pacific 18 million years ago and diversified into at least 13 species that are currently formally recognized and three additional species indicated by our data. Most morphological variation appears to have followed phylogenetic differentiation, though some cryptic speciation has also occurred. Four geminate clades in this genus implicate the gradual emergence of the Central American Isthmus in this diversification, but events preceding the final separation of the oceans as well as within‐ocean events after the cessation of water connections were also important.
Understanding the professional satisfaction of hospital trainees in Australia
Authors: Lennon Matthew J. , McGrail Matthew R. , O'Sullivan Belinda , Tan Amelia , Mok Claire , Suttie Joseph J. , Preddy John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContextEnsuring that specialty trainees are professionally satisfied is not only important from the point of view of trainee well‐being, but is also critical if health systems are to retain doctors. Despite this, little systematic research in specialist trainees has identified policy‐amenable factors correlated with professional satisfaction. This study examined factors associated with trainee professional satisfaction in a national Australian cohort.MethodsThis study used 2008‐2015 data from the Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) survey, a national study of doctor demographics, characteristics and professional and personal satisfaction. Our study examined specialist trainees using a repeat cross‐sectional method pooling first responses across all waves. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess correlates with professional satisfaction.ResultsThe three factors most strongly correlated with professional satisfaction were feeling well supported and supervised by consultants (odds ratio [OR] 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.42‐2.77), having sufficient study time (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.40‐1.70) and self‐rated health status (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.53‐1.80). Those working >56 hours per week were significantly less professionally satisfied (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70‐0.84) compared with those working the median work hours (45‐50 hours per week). Those earning in the lower quintiles, those earlier in their training and those who had studied at overseas universities were also significantly less likely to be satisfied.ConclusionsOur study suggests that good clinical supervision and support, appropriate working hours and supported study time directly impact trainee satisfaction, potentially affecting the quality of clinical care delivered by trainees. Furthermore, the needs of junior trainees, overseas graduates and those working >56 hours per week should be given particular consideration when developing well‐being and training programmes.
RhoG/Rac1 signaling pathway involved in migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells
Authors: Xu Ze‐dong , Hao Ting , Gan Ye‐Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore whether RhoG/Rac1 was involved in migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC).Materials and MethodsRhoG and Rac1 were evaluated in two SACC cell lines, namely SACC‐83 and SACC‐LM, with low and high rates of lung metastasis, respectively. Functional changes were evaluated using cell proliferation, transwell, and wound‐healing assays, and molecular events were investigated using real‐time PCR and Western blot assays.ResultsRhoG and Rac1 were highly expressed and more activated in SACC‐LM cells than in SACC‐83 cells. RhoG overexpression promoted SACC‐83 cell migration and invasion through activating Rac1. The knockdown of RhoG or Rac1 partially blocked epiregulin‐induced migration and invasion in SACC‐83 cells. Epiregulin‐induced activation of RhoG/Rac1 in SACC‐83 cells was blocked by a Src inhibitor, or an AKT inhibitor or AKT siRNA, or an ERK1/2 inhibitor. Moreover, the epiregulin‐induced phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in SACC‐83 cells was blocked by a Src inhibitor, and the epiregulin‐induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was blocked by an AKT inhibitor or AKT siRNA. Overexpression of activated AKT induced activation of ERK1/2 and RhoG.ConclusionsRhoG/Rac1 signaling pathway was involved in SACC cell migration and invasion. RhoG/Rac1 at least partially mediated epiregulin/Src/AKT/ERK1/2 signaling to promote SACC cell migration and invasion.
Relationships within MOMS Orange County care coordinated home visitation perinatal program
Authors: Guo Yuqing , Bender Miriam , Rousseau Julie , Kehoe Priscilla , Lee Jung‐Ah , Pimentel Pamela , Bojorquez Yvette , Silva Michele , Olshansky Ellen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to examine how registered nurses (RNs) and paraprofessional home visitors (PHVs) work together as a team to care for underserved perinatal women in a coordinated home visitation program.Design and MethodsQualitative methods were used to understand the perspectives of three RNs and twenty PHVs who worked at MOMS Orange County, a community‐based perinatal health program. Individual one‐on‐one interviews were administered with the RNs and focus groups with the PHVs. Qualitative content analysis was conducted to synthesize themes.ResultsRNs perceived themselves as educators, mentors, and supervisors. PHVs thought of themselves as supporters, coaches, and advocates. Interdependence and proactive communication were favorable characteristics of the relationship in which RNs trained PHVs to provide health education. The positive interactions between RNs and PHVs appeared to enhance the client‐healthcare provider connection.ConclusionsOur study is one of the first to describe relationships and communication patterns among the healthcare team in a coordinated home visitation program in the United States. Future studies should examine how additional members of the team, including clients and healthcare providers, view their experiences with a home visitation program.
Kidnap and ransom insurance: A strategically useful, often undiscussed, marketplace tool for international operations
Authors: Brockett Patrick L. , Golden Linda L. , Zaparolli Stephan , Lum Jack M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith kidnaping rates rising, the disruptive forces of kidnaping threaten the stability and success of corporate investment projects and put stress on appropriate corporate governance response methodologies. While kidnaping targets vary considerably among countries where it frequently occurs, most often the goal of kidnapers is money from ransom payments. Financial consequences of a kidnap ransom payment can be severe for companies, and psychological damage can be lasting to employees and their families. Given the increasingly global nature of business and increasing expansion into less politically and legally stable emerging markets, kidnap, ransom, and extortion pose a problem for management of corporations wishing to take advantage of emerging market opportunities. Kidnap and Ransom (K&R) Insurance is a risk control technique used by about 75% of Fortune 500 companies, nongovernmental organizations, and an increasing percentage of small to medium sized companies. It is a bundled package policy that includes the purchase of an insurance policy to indemnify the company for the costs of kidnap, ransom, and extortion. Such policies can also provide protective consulting beforehand, provide crisis response and negotiation assistance, as well as psychological support services after the fact. In this paper, we describe the K&R policy, its history, other nonfinancial corporate benefits provided by K&R policies, and discuss its use by corporate managers for the benefit of corporate, financial, and personnel stability. It can also be used in course on managing international risk.
The role of gut microbiota in atopic asthma and allergy, implications in the understanding of disease pathogenesis
Authors: Salameh Mohammad , Burney Zain , Mhaimeed Nada , Laswi Ibrahim , Yousri Noha A. , Bendriss Ghizlane , Zakaria Dalia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAsthma is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic airway inflammation. There is mounting evidence on the role of microbiota in the development of asthma. This review focuses on the role of microbiota in maintaining the integrity of the epithelia and their role in regulating the immune response. The review compiles data from multiple studies on the role of microbiota in the innate immune response and the development and differentiation of CD4+ T cells, a major component of the adaptive arm of the immune response. As a result of dysbiosis, invariant natural killer T cells may induce T helper 2 cell differentiation and immunoglobulin E isotype switching through the release of interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐13. Furthermore, degradation of immunoglobulin A antibodies, increased circulating mast cells and basophils, and inflammation are among other mechanisms by which dysbiosis can induce or exacerbate asthma. After explaining the underlying mechanisms, the review derives conclusions from studies that investigate dysbiosis in infancy and the development of asthma later in life. The review also includes studies that investigate asthmatic mothers and the development of asthma in children and the role of dysbiosis in that regard. Finally, the review explains the statistical relationship between eczema and asthma through multiple studies that investigate the role of dysbiosis in both atopic states. This review provides insight into the role of dysbiosis in asthma, and an understanding that is required to establish clinical trials which aim to modulate the gut microbiota as a means of preventing and treating asthma.
Oral treatment with Aloe polysaccharide ameliorates ovalbumin‐induced atopic dermatitis by restoring tight junctions in skin
Authors: Na Kwangmin , Lkhagva‐Yondon Enkhmaa , Kim Minha , Lim Yu‐Ree , Shin Eunju , Lee Chong‐Kil , Jeon Myung‐Shin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. A hallmark of AD is dry itchy skin that results from defects in the epidermal barrier function. Aloe vera is used widely to promote general health and is administered topically to treat skin conditions such as eczema, burns and wounds. However, effects of A vera on AD were not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the oral administration of processed A vera gel (PAG) containing low molecular weight Aloe polysaccharides to treat ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced AD in mice. Oral administration of PAG suppressed total and OVA‐specific IgE production in sera and decreased the epidermal thickness of skin. Numbers of Ki‐67‐positive cells were reduced by PAG treatment. Expression levels of tight junction genes, including those that encode ZO‐1, Claudin‐1 and Claudin‐8, were decreased in AD skin lesions, whereas oral administration of PAG partially restored the expression levels of tight junction genes. In addition, IL‐4 and IL‐17A mRNA transcript levels were reduced in skin lesions after PAG treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that oral administration of PAG ameliorated AD, normalized tight junction gene expression and suppressed inflammatory cytokines in AD skin.
External Facilitation as an Evidence‐Based Practice Implementation Strategy During an Antibiotic Stewardship Collaborative in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Quinn Jenny M. , Gephart Sheila M. , Davis Mary P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite research support, evidence‐based practices (EBPs) are inconsistently implemented throughout the United States. Facilitation is one implementation strategy to speed adoption in clinical settings. Facilitation has not been previously described in the literature as an implementation strategy within neonatal care.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to categorize and describe essential features of facilitation in the context of implementing an EBP using perspectives elicited from neonatal clinicians and external facilitators (EFs).MethodsIn this qualitative descriptive study, semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of neonatal clinicians and EFs. Participants shared their experiences related to the strategy of facilitation while implementing an EBP during the California Perinatal Quality Care Antibiotic Stewardship Collaborative. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using directed content analysis.ResultsFive categories emerged to address facilitation as an implementation strategy: (a) facilitated change management, (b) unit and organization receptivity, (c) evaluation strategies, (d) supportive culture, and (e) facilitator stewardship.Linking Evidence to ActionImplementing EBP is complex and multifactorial. Results from this study provide insights into influencing barriers and drivers as experienced by internal and external facilitators, and context factors that impacted the success of implementation.
High Temperature Performance Evaluation and Life Prediction for Titanium Modified Silicone Used in Light-Emitting Diodes Chip Scale Packages
Authors: Yu Si , Wang Zhen , Fan Jiajie , Qian Cheng , Deng Zhentao , Gui Dayong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LED) chip scale packages (CSPs) have been promoted as a new light source with many advantages in smaller package size, lower material and process cost, and better heat dissipation effect. However, as it is exposed in harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, and high blue light irradiation, silicone material used in LED CSPs always suffers deterioration, which will seriously affect the LED's reliability and working life. Thus, the preparation of high reliable silicone has practical significance to promote the application of LED CSPs in lighting. In this research, titanium was introduced into the molecular chain of phenyl silicone by using the hydrolysis condensation method. A high temperature aging test was then performed to the prepared silicone before and after modification, and their optical, thermomechanical, and dielectric properties were characterized to evaluate their reliabilities. The results show that: (1) the Arrhenius function with the dielectric property as an aging characterization can be used as a temperature accelerated life model to predict the service life of the prepared silicone and (2) the titanium modified silicone can advance the high temperature stability on optical properties, thermomechanical, and dielectric properties and enhance the life expectancy. The major contributions of this study are to support the improvement of the novel LED CSP packaging materials and processes, and also to provide the technical guidance on the fast, accurate, and cost-effective reliability assessment for high-quality LED light sources.
Effect of Leakage Flow Path Wear on Axial Thrust in Downhole Electrical Submersible Pump Unit
Authors: Patil Abhay , Kasprzyk Marie , Delgado Adolfo , Morrison Gerald 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Subsea production fluid is quite often characterized by the presence of frac sand, which causes wear within the pump, and alters the performance envelop. One of the design parameters critically affecting reliability is the thrust load generated by an impeller. The change in thrust load due to the erosion of the pump stages is not completely understood, and no relationship exists to foresee these reactive forces due to the complexity involved in predicting the flow characteristics. The purpose of this study is to understand the change in axial thrust due to commonly encountered wear mechanisms across the pump section especially wear across stage clearance seals. Based on in-house erosion testing of a mixed flow pump, three mesh models were built with each representing the pump condition at three different time intervals, namely, 0 h, 52 h, and 117 h of the total test time. The pump numerical models were validated using performance data collected from experimental testing. Axial thrust was found to increase with an increase in wear rate across stage seals. Since the increased clearance causes head degradation as well as an increase in thrust, the relationship of this head degradation is correlated with a change in thrust to further expand the affinity laws.
Hybrid Optical-Flow-Cross-Correlation Method for Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Liu Tianshu , Salazar David M. , Fagehi Hassan , Ghazwani Hassan , Montefort Javier , Merati Parviz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A hybrid method for particle image velocimetry (PIV) is developed to overcome the limitations of the optical flow method applied to PIV images with large displacements. The main elements of the hybrid method include a cross-correlation scheme for initial estimation, a shifting scheme for generating a shifted image, and an optical flow scheme for obtaining a refined high-resolution velocity field. In addition, a preprocessing scheme is used for correcting the illumination intensity change. The accuracy of the hybrid method is evaluated through simulations in a parametric space in comparison with the typical correlation methods and optical flow method. Further quantitative comparisons are made in PIV measurements in a circular air jet.
Fluid–Structure Interaction Study and Flowrate Prediction Past a Flexible Membrane Using Immersed Boundary Method and Artificial Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Kanchan Mithun , Maniyeri Ranjith 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many microfluidics-based applications involve fluid–structure interaction (FSI) of flexible membranes. Thin flexible membranes are now being widely used for mixing enhancement, particle segregation, flowrate control, drug delivery, etc. The FSI simulations related to these applications are challenging to numerically implement. In this direction, techniques like immersed boundary method (IBM) have been successful. In this study, two-dimensional numerical simulation of flexible membrane fixed at two end points in a rectangular channel subjected to uniform fluid flow is carried out at low Reynolds number using a finite volume based IBM. A staggered Cartesian grid system is used and SIMPLE algorithm is used to solve the governing continuity and Navier–Stokes equations. The developed model is validated using the previous research work and numerical simulations are carried out for different parametric test cases. Different membrane mode shapes are observed due to the complex interplay between the hydrodynamics and structural elastic forces. Since the membrane undergoes deformation with respect to inlet fluid conditions, a variation in flowrate past the flexible structure is confirmed. It is found that, by changing the membrane length, bending rigidity, and its initial position in the channel, flowrate can be controlled. Also, for membranes that are placed at the channel midplane undergoing self-excited oscillations, there exists a critical dimensionless membrane length condition L ≥ 1.0 that governs this behavior. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed that successfully predicts flowrate in the channel for different membrane parameters.
Damping-Induced Stability Transitions in Non-Conservative Systems: New Thoughts on an Old Paradox
Authors: Abdullatif Mahmoud , Mukherjee Ranjan , Hellum Aren 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
It is well known that non-conservative systems can become unstable when the level of damping is increased. Systems which become stable at higher levels of damping have also been demonstrated along with the phenomenon of three stability transitions that recently appeared in the literature. This work highlights the role of damping on a two-link system subjected to non-conservative force. The addition of damping can cause the non-conservative systems to become stable, then unstable, then stable again at the same value of the non-conservative forcing. This stability transitions is located by application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion two times, back-to-back, once for the characteristic polynomial and the second time for the polynomial that guarantees the existence of a second-order auxilliary polynomial in the Routh array.
Aeroservoelastic Modeling and Stability Analysis
Authors: Wang Yu , Tang Wei , Cui Mao , Zhang Gongping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
It is well known that the elasticity has a great impact on the performance of the slender missile. In this paper, the dynamics of the flexible missile is regarded as a combination of the rigid motion and the elastic vibration. To simplify the modeling, we focus on the influence of the rigid motion on the elastic vibration, instead of completely considering the coupling between rigidity and elasticity. Based on certain assumptions, the longitudinal models of the rigid and elastic missile are derived, and the model of a typical three-loop acceleration autopilot is designed in accordance with the rigid body dynamics. To evaluate the effects of elastic vibration on stability of the closed-loop system, two different sensor placements are simulated in our example. The numerical simulation demonstrates that the bending vibration may deteriorate the tracking performance of autopilot, although it works well for rigid model. In the worst case, the divergent response due to aeroservoelastic instability can be observed, and the unstable response turns into limit-cycle oscillations (LCO) finally for the nonlinear saturation of actuators.