bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological variability is greater at developing than mature mouse neuromuscular junctions
Authors: Mech Aleksandra M. , Brown Anna‐Leigh , Schiavo Giampietro , Sleigh James N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the highly specialised peripheral synapse formed between lower motor neuron terminals and muscle fibres. Post‐synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which are found in high density in the muscle membrane, bind to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft of the NMJ, thereby enabling the conversion of motor action potentials to muscle contractions. NMJs have been studied for many years as a general model for synapse formation, development and function, and are known to be early sites of pathological changes in many neuromuscular diseases. However, information is limited on the diversity of NMJs in different muscles, how synaptic morphology changes during development, and the relevance of these parameters to neuropathology. Here, this crucial gap was addressed using a robust and standardised semi‐automated workflow called NMJ‐morph to quantify features of pre‐ and post‐synaptic NMJ architecture in an unbiased manner. Five wholemount muscles from wild‐type mice were dissected and compared at immature (post‐natal day, P7) and early adult (P31−32) timepoints. The inter‐muscular variability was greater in mature post‐synaptic AChR morphology than that of the pre‐synaptic motor neuron terminal. Moreover, the developing NMJ showed greater differences across muscles than the mature synapse, perhaps due to the observed distinctions in synaptic growth between muscles. Nevertheless, the amount of nerve to muscle contact was consistent, suggesting that pathological denervation can be reliably compared across different muscles in mouse models of neurodegeneration. Additionally, mature post‐synaptic endplate diameters correlated with fibre type, independently of muscle fibre diameter. Altogether, this work provides detailed information on healthy pre‐ and post‐synaptic NMJ morphology from five anatomically and functionally distinct mouse muscles, delivering useful reference data for future comparison with neuromuscular disease models.
An psychoeducation programme based on self‐efficacy theory to improve experience of natural birth for primigravid women: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gao Yaqin , Li Yuhong , Zhang Liu , Bu Yanggao , Yang Fangfang , Jiang Lulu , Zhao Jingjing , Tian Yun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo present a study protocol for estimating the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of an individual (five sessions), group (one session) and face‐to‐face psychoeducation programme based on self‐efficacy theory to improve childbirth experience of primigravid women.BackgroundIn present China, fertility rates are falling and ageing is accelerating. How to improve the fertility level of childbearing women is of great significance. However, about 10%–20% of women have negative childbirth experience after birth, which seriously affects maternal and child health and family functions, and even fertility desires and intentions in the future. Nevertheless, due to the lack of a series of well‐designed randomised controlled trials(RCTs), there is no specific methodology to guide the most effective intervention for primigravid women. In this regard, based on Bandura's self‐efficacy theory, an intervention programme to promote a positive childbirth experience for primigravid women has been designed and will be evaluated to determine its impact on primigravid women.DesignA non‐blinded randomised controlled trial.MethodsWe report the study protocol for this randomised controlled trial based on the SPIRIT2013 statement. A total of 238 eligible primigravid women will be randomly divided into the control group (n = 119) or the intervention group (n = 119). The control group will receive care as usual, that is, six routine prenatal examinations. In addition to the routine examinations, the intervention group will also receive six face‐to‐face interventions. Baseline assessment will occur at about 24th week of gestation and follow up at 37th weeks of gestation, intrapartum, 1–3 days postpartum and 42 days postpartum. The primary outcomes are childbirth experience, childbirth self‐efficacy; others are fear of childbirth, labour control, labour pain and labour satisfaction.ImpactFrom the perspective of clinical work, this protocol provides practical guidance for cultivating the positive childbirth experience of the primigravid women. From the perspective of sociology, the positive experience and emotion of primigravid women can improve the fertility intention of women of childbearing age, which is relatively conducive to optimising Chinese demographic structure and reducing the pressure of ageing population in the long term.
Opioid use disorder education for acute care nurses: An integrative review
Authors: Bell Christine A. Fournier , McCurry Mary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore opioid use disorder (OUD) education programmes presented to practicing nurses working in medical–surgical settings and identify the methods used to evaluate their effectiveness.BackgroundHealth professionals often express negative attitudes towards patients with OUD which can lead to suboptimal care. Education decreases negative attitudes of healthcare workers. Despite this, few educational programmes are offered to promote knowledge among acute care nurses who work in medical–surgical settings and provide care to patients with OUD.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsThe framework by Whittemore and Knafl was used to examine empirical literature between 1995–2019 to answer the research questions, (a) What types of education do acute care nurses receive regarding OUD? (b) What methods are used for measuring educational intervention effectiveness? CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO and MEDLINE were searched using combinations of search terms and PRISMA guidelines. The initial 394 articles were narrowed to nine from the United States and Australia that met the search criteria and purpose of the review.ResultsEducational programmes used to promote knowledge included interactive workshops, case studies, online modules, simulation sessions, real‐time coaching and in‐service trainings. Methods used to measure effectiveness of educational interventions were self‐assessment tools that measured pre/postknowledge, attitude surveys, alcohol and drug scales and individual researcher‐developed instruments.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to determine best teaching strategies for increasing knowledge of OUD and OUD patient care. Valid and reliable methods for measuring effectiveness of OUD educational interventions are inadequate.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of OUD has been linked to positive patient outcomes and nurses would benefit from up‐to‐date educational offerings. Opioid use disorder is a growing global concern. Translation of current OUD nursing science to acute care nurses would promote health equity in practice for individuals with OUD.
Improving oral health in nursing home residents: A process evaluation of a shared oral care intervention
Authors: Aagaard Karin , Meléndez‐Torres G. J. , Overgaard Charlotte 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the process of implementing an oral care intervention in nursing homes in a Danish municipality.BackgroundOlder people with aged natural dentition require preventive and curative oral health care. An intervention based on principles of situated learning was implemented to establish closer cooperation between dental and nursing staff in nursing homes, leading to improved oral hygiene in nursing home residents.DesignAn embedded multiple‐case study combined with principles of realist evaluation unfolded in three phases: Formulation of initial programme theory, Testing and Refining the programme theory. The COREQ checklist is followed in reporting.MethodsObservations, six group interviews and 22 face‐to‐face interviews with dentists, dental practitioners, nursing home managers, care professionals and residents were conducted in three nursing homes (n = 41).ResultsThree main outcomes of a programme theory were identified, relating to (a) residents, in the form of new oral care routines; (b) interdisciplinary working, in the form of professional pride in performing sufficient oral care; (c) organisational level changes, in the form of increased interdisciplinary knowledge sharing. The overarching supportive mechanisms were the creation of relationships between residents, dental practitioners and care professionals as well as nursing home management taking responsibility for structure, planning and knowledge sharing.ConclusionThe situated learning perspective supported residents and care professionals' competencies in performing sufficient oral care. The shared oral care intervention supports an individual and multidisciplinary assessment of nursing home residents’ ability to self‐care concerning oral care. Contextual factors, supportive and restraining mechanisms influence the intervention's success.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the complexity within interdisciplinary cooperation in primary nursing and unravelling the necessary properties to enhance nursing home residents’ oral health care are areas of improvement for care service in nursing homes.
Resource: A multi‐species multi‐timepoint transcriptome database and webpage for the pineal gland and retina
Authors: Chang Eric , Fu Cong , Coon Steven L. , Alon Shahar , Bozinoski Marjan , Breymaier Matthew , Bustos Diego M. , Clokie Samuel J. , Gothilf Yoav , Esnault Caroline , Michael Iuvone P. , Mason Christopher E. , Ochocinska Margaret J. , Tovin Adi , Wang Charles , Xu Pinxian , Zhu Jinhang , Dale Ryan , Klein David C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe website and database https://snengs.nichd.nih.gov provides RNA sequencing data from multi‐species analysis of the pineal glands from zebrafish (Danio rerio), chicken (White Leghorn), rat (Rattus novegicus), mouse (Mus musculus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and human (Homo sapiens); in most cases, retinal data are also included along with results of the analysis of a mixture of RNA from tissues. Studies cover day and night conditions; in addition, a time series over multiple hours, a developmental time series and pharmacological experiments on rats are included. The data have been uniformly re‐processed using the latest methods and assemblies to allow for comparisons between experiments and to reduce processing differences. The website presents search functionality, graphical representations, Excel tables, and track hubs of all data for detailed visualization in the UCSC Genome Browser. As more data are collected from investigators and improved genomes become available in the future, the website will be updated. This database is in the public domain and elements can be reproduced by citing the URL and this report. This effort makes the results of 21st century transcriptome profiling widely available in a user‐friendly format that is expected to broadly influence pineal research.
Transcriptome changes associated with fat deposition in the longissimus thoracis of Korean cattle following castration
Authors: Na Sang Weon , Park Seung Ju , Hong Soo Jong , Baik Myunggi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe castration of bulls increases the intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle. However, the biological processes of IMF accumulation in skeletal muscle after castration are not completely understood at the molecular level. This study examined the global transcriptomic changes in the longissimus thoracis muscle (LT) of bulls following castration using RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) and identified new genes or pathways associated with beef quality. Ten bulls and 10 steers castrated at 6 months of age were slaughtered at 26 and 32 months of age respectively. For transcriptome analysis, six LT samples from three bulls and three steers were selected based on age, carcass weight, carcass quantity and beef quality grades. Using RNA‐Seq, transcriptomic profiles of the LT were compared between bulls and steers. In all, 640 of the 18,027 genes identified through RNA‐Seq were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between bulls and steers. Pathway analysis of these 640 DEGs showed significant (p < .05) changes in seven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and the most significant terms were complement and coagulation cascade pathways. The transcriptomic expression patterns of 10 genes in the complement and coagulation cascades were validated using all animals through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In conclusion, transcriptome changes associated with the complement and coagulation cascade pathways provide novel insights into understanding molecular mechanisms responsible for IMF accumulation following castration in beef cattle.
Aversive textures and their role in food rejection
Authors: Pellegrino Robert , Luckett Curtis R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTexture is a prominent feature in foods and consequently can be the reason a food is accepted or rejected. However, other sensory attributes, such as flavor/taste, aroma, sound, and appearance may also lead to the rejection of food and motivations other than unpleasantness exist in unacceptance. To date, these motivations for food rejection have been studied in isolation and their relationships with psychological factors have not been tested. This study measured reasons people reject a food and probed into the specifics of texture rejection. A large U.S. sample (N = 473) was asked to rate their motivations for rejecting a food, list foods that were disliked due to unpleasant sensory attributes, specify the unpleasant sensory attribute(s), and complete an assessment of general touch sensitivity. Results showed 94% of individuals reject a food due to its texture, a rate comparable to flavor‐based rejection. Looking at the number of foods being rejected, flavor was the most common food attribute, followed by texture and then aroma. From a linguistic standpoint, aversive textures encompass a large vocabulary, larger than liked textures, and the same food may be rejected due to a single or combination of texture terms. Viscosity (e.g., slimy) and hardness (e.g., mushy) are the most common aversive texture types, but through cluster analysis subsets of individuals were identified that are more aversive to other textures. This study emphasizes the role of aversive textures in food rejection and provides many avenues for future investigations.
Laboratory assessment of trilostane treatment in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Arenas Bermejo Carolina , Pérez Alenza Dolores , García San José Paula , Llauet Lidia , Pérez‐López Laura , Melián Carlos , C. Feldman Edward 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundResults of ACTH stimulation test (ACTHst), pre‐ and post‐trilostane serum cortisol concentrations (SCCs), urine concentration (urine‐specific gravity [USG]), and urine cortisol : creatinine ratios (UCCRs) are common variables used to monitor trilostane treatment of dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). However, none has consistently discriminated dogs receiving an adequate dose (A) from those overdosed (O) or underdosed (U).ObjectivesTo assess and compare recommended monitoring variables, including serial SCCs in a cohort of dogs with PDH treated with trilostane.AnimalsPrivately owned dogs with PDH (n = 22) and 3 healthy dogs (controls).MethodsProspective, multicenter, 2‐day study. On day “a” (randomized): ACTHst was completed. Day “b” (>2 to <7 days later): SCCs were assessed −0.5 hours, immediately before, and 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after trilostane administration. On the first study day, urine collected at home was assessed for USG, UCCR and owner opinions regarding PDH were categorized as: A (clinical signs resolved), U (remains symptomatic), or ill (possible O).ResultsAt 27 pairs of evaluations, 7 dogs were categorized as A, 19 U, and 1 possible O (excluded from the study). There was overlap in SCC results from the A and U dogs at every time point. Results of USG, UCCR, and ACTHst did not discriminate A from U dogs. Trilostane suppresses SCC within 1 hour of administration and its duration of action in most PDH dogs is <8 hours.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNo single variable or group of variables reliably discriminated A dogs from U dogs during trilostane treatment for PDH.
Structural change and cumulative causation: A Kaldorian approach
Authors: Magacho Guilherme R. , McCombie John S. L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a multisectoral model based on Kaldor's approach to explain the importance of structural change and cumulative causation. Divergence in countries' growth rates in Kaldorian models are explained either by different degrees of increasing returns among sectors on the supply side or by different income elasticities of exports and imports on the demand‐side, but it is not explained by both factors together. In this vein, a multisector growth model that combines different sectoral income elasticities and different sectoral increasing returns is built to explain how structural changes toward high‐tech industries can trigger a process of cumulative causation and ensure higher growth rates in the long run.
Islamic Caliphate or nation state? Investigating the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant's imagined community
Authors: Caló Ben , Malet David , Howie Luke , Lentini Pete 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThrough the lens of Benedict Anderson's Imagined Community concept, this paper examines how the selected community‐building theories are useful in understanding the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and its imagined community. Using four factors—language, education, power and history—derived from Anderson's Imagined Community concept, this paper applies theories of Modernism, Primordialism and Insurgency Governance to explain ISIL's imagined community. Specifically, our argument is threefold: (a) Anderson's Imagined Community concept and alternate theories of community building, although insightful, does an imperfect job at describing ISIL's Caliphate; (b) ISIL's group structure appears to transcend traditional and accepted notions of nations, nationalism and nation states; and (c) based on this reasoning, ISIL's Caliphate can be considered an outlier in community‐building literature analysed.
Macroecological patterns in flower colour are shaped by both biotic and abiotic factors
Authors: Dalrymple Rhiannon L. , Kemp Darrell J. , Flores‐Moreno Habacuc , Laffan Shawn W. , White Thomas E. , Hemmings Frank A. , Moles Angela T. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThere is a wealth of research on the way interactions with pollinators shape flower traits. However, we have much more to learn about influences of the abiotic environment on flower colour.We combine quantitative flower colour data for 339 species from a broad spatial range covering tropical, temperate, arid, montane and coastal environments from 9.25ºS to 43.75ºS with 11 environmental variables to test hypotheses about how macroecological patterns in flower colouration relate to biotic and abiotic conditions.Both biotic community and abiotic conditions are important in explaining variation of flower colour traits on a broad scale. The diversity of pollinating insects and the plant community have the highest predictive power for flower colouration, followed by mean annual precipitation and solar radiation. On average, flower colours are more chromatic where there are fewer pollinators, solar radiation is high, precipitation and net primary production are low, and growing seasons are short, providing support for the hypothesis that higher chromatic contrast of flower colours may be related to stressful conditions.To fully understand the ecology and evolution of flower colour, we should incorporate the broad selective context that plants experience into research, rather than focusing primarily on effects of plant–pollinator interactions.
Fast pathway ablation in a patient with PR prolongation
Authors: Tabbah Randa , Abi‐Saleh Bernard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe classical form of typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a “slow‐fast” pathways tachycardia, and the usual therapy is an ablation of the slow pathway since it carries a low risk of atrioventricular (AV) block. In patients with long PR interval and/or living on the anterograde slow pathway, an alternative technique is required.We report a case of a 42‐year‐old lady with idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy, persistent atrial fibrillation status post pulmonary vein isolation, and premature ventricular complex ablation with a systolic dysfunction, who presented with incessant slow narrow complex tachycardia of 110 bpm that appeared to be an AVNRT. Her baseline EKG revealed a first‐degree AV block with a PR of 320 ms. EP study showed no evidence of anterograde fast pathway conduction. Given this fact, the decision was to attempt an ablation of the retrograde fast pathway. The fast pathway was mapped during tachycardia to its usual location into the anteroseptal region, then radiofrequency ablation in this location terminated tachycardia. After ablation, she continued to have her usual anterograde conduction through slow pathway and the tachycardia became uninducible.In special populations with prolonged PR interval or poor anterograde fast pathway conduction, fast pathway ablation is the required ablation for typical AVNRT.
MRI in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients with CIEDs and epicardial or abandoned leads
Authors: Gakenheimer‐Smith Lindsey , Etheridge Susan P. , Niu Mary C. , Ou Zhining , Presson Angela P. , Whitaker Patricia , Su Jason , Puchalski Michael D. , Asaki Sarah Yukiko , Pilcher Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeart Rhythm Society guidelines outlining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) excluded children and epicardial or abandoned leads due to theoretical risks of harm. Research investigating these risks is lacking. The primary objective of our study is to determine the incidence of adverse events to patients or CIEDs from MRI imaging. The secondary objective is to describe CIED‐related artifact on MRI images.MethodsA single‐center retrospective review was performed on all patients with CIEDs who underwent 1.5 Tesla MRI between July 2007 and May 2019. We subdivided patients among four cohorts: (1) patients <18 years of age, (2) epicardial leads, (3) abandoned endocardial leads, and (4) abandoned epicardial leads. Descriptive statistics pre‐ and post‐MRI and at follow‐up within 1.5 years were conducted.ResultsFifty‐four MRIs were performed on 40 patients. Median age was 21.2 years (IQR 12.0‐25.0). Eighteen (33%) MRIs contained abandoned leads; 20 (37%) contained epicardial leads. Three patients, one with abandoned epicardial leads and two with abandoned endocardial leads, experienced mild discomfort at the CIED site. One adult with endocardial leads experienced a pause in the heart rate while programmed in a nonpacing mode. No clinically important changes to CIED parameters occurred. Nine MRIs (17%), especially those with functional cardiac imaging, were uninterpretable due to image artifact.ConclusionIn this study, pediatric and adult CHD patients with CIEDs, many with epicardial or abandoned leads, underwent MRIs without clinically significant complications. In some, CIED artifact reduced cardiac MRI image quality due to CIED position.