bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pristimerin‐induced uveal melanoma cell death via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signalling pathway
Authors: Yan Fengxia , Liao Rifang , Silva Marta , Li Shuai , Jiang Yizhou , Peng Tangming , Lazarovici Philip , Zheng Wenhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is a highly invasive intraocular malignancy with high mortality. Presently, there is no FDA‐approved standard for the treatment of metastatic UM. Pristimerin is a natural quinine methide triterpenoid compound with anti‐angiogenic, anti‐cancer and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, Pristimerin potential cytotoxic effect on UM was poorly investigated. In the present study, we found the migration and invasion of UM‐1 cells were inhibited by Pristimerin which also caused a rapid increase of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, induced the accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase, ending with apoptotic cell death. Pristimerin inhibited Akt and FoxO3a phosphorylation and induced nuclear accumulation of FoxO3a in UM‐1 cells, increased the expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins Bim、p27Kip1, cleaved caspase‐3, PARP and Bax, and decreased the expression of Cyclin D1 and Bcl‐2. LY294002 or Akt‐siRNA inhibited the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway and promoted the Pristimerin‐induced apoptosis, while Pristimerin effects were partially abolished in FoxO3a knockdown UM‐1 cell cultures. Taken together, present results showed that Pristimerin induced apoptotic cell death through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway in UM‐1 cells. These findings indicate that Pristimerin may be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for patients with UM.
Phoenixin influences the excitability of nucleus of the solitary tract neurones, effects which are modified by environmental and glucocorticoid stress
Authors: Grover Hanna M. , Smith Pauline M. , Ferguson Alastair V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhoenixin (PNX) is a neuropeptide shown to play roles in the control of reproduction. The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a critical autonomic integrating centre in the hindbrain, is one of many areas with dense expression of PNX. Using coronal NTS slices obtained from male Sprague‐Dawley rats, the present study characterised the effects of PNX on both spike frequency and membrane potential of NTS neurones. Extracellular recordings demonstrated that bath‐applied 10 nmol L‐1 PNX increased the firing frequency in 32% of NTS neurones, effects which were confirmed with patch‐clamp recordings showing that 50% of NTS neurones tested depolarised in response to application of the peptide. Surprisingly, the responsiveness to PNX in NTS neurones then declined suddenly to 9% (P < 0.001). This effect was subsequently attributed to stress associated with construction in our animal care facility because PNX responsiveness was again observed in slices from rats delivered and maintained in a construction‐free facility. We then examined whether this loss of PNX responsiveness could be replicated in rats placed on a chronic stress regimen involving ongoing corticosterone (CORT) treatment in the construction‐free facility. Slices from animals treated in this way showed a similar lack of neuronal responsiveness to PNX (9.1 ± 3.9%) within 2 weeks of CORT treatment. These effects were specific to PNX responsiveness because CORT treatment had no effect on the responsiveness of NTS neurones to angiotensin II. These results are the first to implicate PNX with respect to directly controlling the excitability of NTS neurones and also provide intriguing data showing the plasticity of these effects associated with environmental and glucocorticoid stress levels of the animal.
Study of oral tranexamic acid, topical tranexamic acid, and modified Kligman's regimen in treatment of melasma
Authors: Sahu Pooja J. , Singh Adarsh Lata , Kulkarni Sandeep , Madke Bhushan , Saoji Vikrant , Jawade Sugat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a pigmentary disorder affecting mainly face . Various treatment modalities available as topicals, superficial chemical peels and lasers but none till date gives promising results, until date quest for the best treatment modality is on.AimTo study the effect of oral and topical Tranexamic acid (TXA) and modified Kligman’s regimen in treatment of melasma.MethodPatients having melasma were enrolled after consent for voluntary participation. A detailed history and clinical examination was done. Total 60 patients were enrolled and randomized in three groups, 20 received oral TXA 250 mg twice daily, 20 topical TXA and 20 received modified Kligman’s regimen for 8 weeks along with sunscreen MASI(Melasma area severity index) was calculated at baseline, at end of 4 & 8 weeks. MASI score was compared with that at the end of the study. Based on reduction in mean MASI the therapeutic response was graded. Pre and post treatment photographs was also compared. Statistical analysis done by using student square T test , ANOVA And TUKEY test.ResultsReduction in MASI score was observed in all the groups but greater reduction in MASI score with modified Kligman’s regimen by 30% followed with oral TXA by 25% reduction and least with topical TXA by 5%.ConclusionAlthough modified Kligman’s regimen is comparatively more efficient but due to its side effects in long term usage oral tranexamic acid could be a promising therapeutic approach for melasma.
COVID‐19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review
Authors: Pascarella Giuseppe , Strumia Alessandro , Piliego Chiara , Bruno Federica , Del Buono Romualdo , Costa Fabio , Scarlata Simone , Agrò Felice Eugenio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV)‐2, a novel coronavirus from the same family as SARS‐CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, has spread worldwide leading the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic. The disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), presents flu‐like symptoms which can become serious in high‐risk individuals. Here, we provide an overview of the known clinical features and treatment options for COVID‐19. We carried out a systematic literature search using the main online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, UpToDate, Embase and Web of Science) with the following keywords: ‘COVID‐19’, ‘2019‐nCoV’, ‘coronavirus’ and ‘SARS‐CoV‐2’. We included publications from 1 January 2019 to 3 April 2020 which focused on clinical features and treatments. We found that infection is transmitted from human to human and through contact with contaminated environmental surfaces. Hand hygiene is fundamental to prevent contamination. Wearing personal protective equipment is recommended in specific environments. The main symptoms of COVID‐19 are fever, cough, fatigue, slight dyspnoea, sore throat, headache, conjunctivitis and gastrointestinal issues. Real‐time PCR is used as a diagnostic tool using nasal swab, tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Computed tomography findings are important for both diagnosis and follow‐up. To date, there is no evidence of any effective treatment for COVID‐19. The main therapies being used to treat the disease are antiviral drugs, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and respiratory therapy. In conclusion, although many therapies have been proposed, quarantine is the only intervention that appears to be effective in decreasing the contagion rate. Specifically designed randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the most appropriate evidence‐based treatment modality.
The association between melatonin and episodic migraine: A pilot network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the prophylactic effects with exogenous melatonin supplementation and pharmacotherapy
Authors: Tseng Ping‐Tao , Yang Chun‐Pai , Su Kuan‐Pin , Chen Tien‐Yu , Wu Yi‐Cheng , Tu Yu‐Kang , Lin Pao‐Yen , Stubbs Brendon , Carvalho Andre F. , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Li Dian‐Jeng , Liang Chih‐Sung , Hsu Chih‐Wei , Chen Yen‐Wen , Shiue Yow‐Ling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough exogenous melatonin supplementation has been suggested to be effective for episodic migraine prophylaxis, there is no conclusive evidence comparing the efficacy of exogenous melatonin supplementation to the other FDA‐approved pharmacotherapy for episodic migraine prophylaxis. The aim of the current network meta‐analysis (NMA) was to compare the efficacy of exogenous melatonin supplementation in patients with episodic migraine. The randomized placebo‐controlled trials or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) incorporating a placebo in the study designs were included in our analyses. All of the NMA procedures were conducted under the frequentist model. The primary outcome was changes in frequency of migraine days and response rate after migraine prophylaxis with melatonin supplementation or pharmacological interventions. We included 25 RCTs in total with 4499 patients (mean age = 36.0 years, mean female proportion = 78.9%). The NMA demonstrated that migraine prophylaxis with oral melatonin 3 mg/d (immediate‐release) at bedtime was associated with the greatest improvement in migraine frequency [mean difference = −1.71 days, 95% confidence interval (CI): −3.27 to −0.14 days compared to placebo] and the second highest response rate (odds ratio = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.46 to 12.00 compared to placebo). Furthermore, oral melatonin 3 mg (immediate‐release) at bedtime was the most preferred pharmacological intervention among all of the investigated interventions when improvements in migraine frequency, response rate, dropout rate, and rates of any adverse events were taken into account. This pilot NMA suggests the potential prophylactic role of exogenous melatonin supplementation in patients with episodic migraine.
Larval growth, survival, and partial budget analysis related to replacing Artemia in larval culture of six freshwater ornamental fishes
Authors: Lipscomb Taylor N. , Patterson Joshua T. , Wood Amy L. , Watson Craig A. , DiMaggio Matthew A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCultured freshwater ornamental fish are primarily fed Artemia at early life stages. Development of alternative feeding strategies could decrease the Artemia reliance of ornamental producers, reduce labor costs, and improve industry resilience by diversifying larval feeding options. In this study, Corydoras aeneus, Synodontis eupterus, Synodontis nigriventris, Epalzeorhynchos bicolor, Pterophyllum scalare, and Trichogaster lalius larvae were offered one of four diets at first feeding: newly hatched Artemia or one of three microparticulate diets (MDs). After 14 days of feeding, survival and standard length (SL) were evaluated, and partial budget analyses (PBA) were conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility of replacing Artemia with MDs. For all species except E. bicolor, at least one MD performed as well as or better than Artemia with regard to the parameters in question. E. bicolor exhibited reduced survival when fed MDs compared to Artemia, although SL did not vary significantly among treatments. PBAs indicated that replacing Artemia with MDs at first feeding resulted in an average net benefit of $0.043 ± 0.004 for all species except E. bicolor, which resulted in a net cost of $0.048. These results indicate that MDs represent a physiologically and economically feasible alternative to Artemia for larval culture of many freshwater ornamental fishes.
Diversity and geographical distribution of resting stages of eukaryotic algae in the surface sediments from the southern Chinese coastline based on metabarcoding partial 18S rDNA sequences
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Zhaohui , Lu Songhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSurface sediment samples were collected from sixteen sites of the southern Chinese coastline in this study. Diversity of eukaryotic microalgae was examined using high‐throughput sequencing of 18S rDNA to understand the community structure and geological distribution of microalgal resting stages. A total of 218 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected for eukaryotic algae, and only 75 OTUs (34.40%) were detected into species level. The algal communities were composed of sixty‐four genera belonged to twelve classes of four phyla. Dinoflagellates were the most abundant and diversified group, which accounted for the average of 56.26% and 53.70% DNA reads and OTUs, respectively. Dinoflagellates were dominated by Protoperidinium, Euduboscquella, Amylax, and Paragymnodinium. Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira, and Skeletonema were abundant in diatoms, while Pedospumella and Paraphysomonas in Chrysophyceae were the most abundant genera due to their massive occurrence in some particular sites. The high abundance of Protoperidinium sequences suggested the high nutrient levels in the southern Chinese coastline. Nineteen of the detected OTUs were assigned to harmful and/or bloom‐forming microalgae. The wide occurrence of the toxic dinoflagellate Azadinium poporum and high abundance of Alexandrium pacificum in some particular sites suggested the potential risk of human poisoning.
Dynamic spawning patterns in the California market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) inferred through paralarval observation in the Southern California Bight, 2012–2019
Authors: Van Noord Joel E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe California market squid is ecologically and economically important to the California Current Ecosystem and coastal communities. However, the population undergoes periodic and large‐scale fluctuations on the order of magnitudes, largely as a result of warm ocean temperature and reduced ocean productivity related to cycles in El Niño Southern Oscillation. These fluctuations can lead to cascading trophic effects on the ecosystem, market uncertainty, and substantial revenue losses for fishing communities. In order to investigate the role that spawning behavior may play in mitigating the detrimental environmental effects on the population as well as allowing the species to capitalize during favorable ocean conditions, surveys for market squid paralarvae were conducted three times per hatching season from 2012 to 2019. The specific objectives were to (a) assess whether there was a large‐scale synchronous peak in paralarval abundance each season, (b) investigate whether market squid paralarvae were found at certain locations in similar abundances throughout the duration of a hatching season, and (c) to understand the influence of oceanographic parameters, such as zooplankton availability, sea surface temperature, and chl‐a on paralarvae abundance during each hatching season. Adaptable spawning strategies that varied over time were observed. Market squid displayed large‐scale synchronous spawning during cool and productive oceanographic conditions; protracted spawning was observed during warm and oligotrophic conditions. No overall site fidelity was observed across all effort, but during two seasons where habitat compression was possible, market squid consistently spawned in certain areas. Generalized additive models were used to explore the effects of a small set of oceanographic variables on paralarval density on a seasonal basis. Sea surface temperature and geographic variables were generally the most important variables. These findings indicate that market squid spawning behaviors and habitat are adaptable and dependent on oceanography and population density.
Flood hydrograph simulation using the SWMM model: A semiarid zone watershed case study, Shiraz Khoshk River, Iran
Authors: Khaleghi Esmaeil , Sadoddin Amir , Najafinejad Ali , Bahremand Abdolreza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the past few decades, considerable efforts have been made to model rainfall‐runoff and to predict the hydrological impacts of various factors using computer technology. The Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) has been proved to be a powerful tool which simulates the flow of watersheds with different characteristics. The SWMM model is a dynamic rainfall‐runoff simulation model used for single event and/or continuous runoff simulation. It is widely used throughout the world for analysis, planning, and design related to storm water of drainage systems in urban areas, with many applications in nonurban areas as well. This study aimed to assess the performance of the SWMM model for flood simulation in the Shiraz Khoshk River originated from an arid zone watershed. The study area with a combination of natural and urban watersheds (900.3 km2) is located in South‐West of Iran in Fars Province. In this study, the model was calibrated using 12 flood events recorded at the Eghbal‐Abad gauge station. Then, for validation, 10 and 4 other hydrographs were simulated for the Nahre‐Azam and Chenarsukhte gauge stations, respectively. The calibration and validation results show a good agreement between the observed and simulated flows (R2 = 0.96 for the calibration, 0.91 and 0.87 for validation). The model performance criteria were plausible (e.g., Nash‐Sutcliff coefficient = 0.91 for calibration; and 0.88 and 0.86 for validation). Therefore, the results indicate the high efficiency of the model to simulate the flow in this watershed, useful for predicting the impact of various management scenarios on flow characteristics.Recommendations for resource managers

The SWMM model can be successfully applied to semiarid zone watersheds.
The model is suitable for urban and nonurban watershed simulations.
Income at birth and tooth loss due to dental caries in adulthood: The 1982 Pelotas birth cohort
Authors: Nascimento Gustavo G. , Seerig Lenise M. , Schuch Helena S. , Horta Bernardo L. , Peres Karen G. , Peres Marco A. , Corrêa Marcos B. , Demarco Flavio F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of income at birth on adulthood tooth loss due to dental caries in 539 adults from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort.MethodsFamily income was collected at birth. Tooth loss was clinically assessed when individuals were aged 31. Dental visit and oral hygiene at age 25 were considered mediators. Confounders included maternal skin color, and individual's skin color, sex, and income in adulthood. Marginal structural modeling was used to estimate the controlled direct effect of income at birth on tooth loss due to dental caries that was neither mediated by the use of dental service nor oral hygiene.ResultsForty‐three percent of the individuals of low income at birth lost one/two teeth, and 23% lost three or more; among those non‐poor, the prevalence was 30% and 14%, respectively. Poor individuals at birth had a 70% higher risk for missing teeth in adulthood than those non‐poor. The risk of losing one/two (risk ratio 1.68) and three or more teeth (risk ratio 3.84) was also higher among those of low income at birth.ConclusionsEconomic disadvantage at birth had an effect on tooth loss due to dental caries at age 31 not mediated by individual risk factors.
Feasibility and Safety of Cervical Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury without Fracture and Dislocation
Authors: Bao Yongzheng , Zhong Xueren , Zhu Wengang , Chen Yu , Zhou Longze , Dai Xiangheng , Liao Junjian , Li Zhong , Hu Konghe , Bei Kangsheng , Xiong Yinghui , Hu Yongyu , Zhao Qinfu , Zhu Zhouxing , Yu Yanli , Wu Qiang , Xi Xinhua 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of cervical kinematic MRI (KMRI) in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation (CSCIWFD).MethodsThis was a single‐institution case‐only study. Patients with CSCIWFD were enrolled in our institution from February 2015 to July 2019. Cervical radiography and CT were performed first to exclude cervical tumors, and major fracture or dislocation. Then neutral static and kinematic (flexion and extension) MRI was performed for patients who met the inclusion criteria under the supervision of a spinal surgeon. Any adverse events during the KMRI examination were recorded. Patients received surgical or conservative treatment based on the imaging results and patients’ own wishes. The American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) grade and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were evaluated on admission, before KMRI examination, and after KMRI examination. For the surgical patients, AIS grade and JOA score were evaluated again 1 week after the operation. The JOA scores were compared among different time points using the paired t‐test.ResultsA total of 16 patients (12 men and 4 women, mean age: 51.1 [30–73] years) with CSCIWFD were included in the present study. Clinical symptoms included facial trauma, neck pain, paraplegia, paresthesia, hyperalgesia, sensory loss or weakness below the injury level, and dyskinesia. On admission, AIS grades were B for 2 cases, C for 5, and D for 9. A total of 14 patients underwent neutral, flexion, and extension cervical MRI examination; 2 patients underwent neutral and flexion examination because they could not maintain the position for a prolonged duration. No patient experienced deterioration of neurological function after the examinations. The AIS grades and JOA scores evaluated post‐examination were similar to those evaluated pre‐examination (P > 0.05) and significantly higher than those on admission (P < 0.05). A total of 12 patients received surgical treatment, 11 of whom underwent anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion and 1 underwent posterior C3/4 fusion with lateral mass screws. The remaining 4 patients were offered conservative therapy. None of the patients experienced any complications during the perioperative period. The AIS grade did not change in most surgical patients, except that 1 patient changed from grade C to D 1 week after the operation. The JOA score 1 week after surgery was significantly higher than those on admission and around examination for the surgical patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionCervical KMRI is a safe and useful technique for diagnosis of CSCIWFD, which is superior to static cervical MRI for therapeutic decision‐making in patients with CSCIWFD.