bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological inhibition of APP processing and knock-down of APP in primary human macrophages impairs the secretion of cytokines
Authors: Spitzer Philipp , Walter Matthias , Kranig Caroline , Oberstein Timo Jan , Linning Philipp , Knölker Hans-Joachim , Kornhuber Johannes , Maler Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid β (Aβ) peptides support the innate immune defense as an immune receptor, an antimicrobial peptide and an opsonine. In APP-deficient mouse models, a reduced secretion of cytokines has been observed. It is unclear whether this can be attributed to the lack of APP or to the missing secretion of Aβ peptides.Methods

In primary human monocyte derived macrophages the secretion of Aβ peptides was inhibited by the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT or by the β-secretase inhibitor GL-189, applied as a tripartite substance. Alternatively, APP was knocked down by transfection with siRNA. TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA and the phagocytotic activity was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results

Reduced concentrations of TNFα and IL-6 were observed in the media of APPk/d macrophages and after inhibition of the β-, or γ-secretase, especially after additional immunological activation with LPS. Secretion of IL-10 was increased after pharmacological inhibition of APP processing when the macrophages were not immunologically activated but was decreased during LPS-induced inflammation in APPk/d macrophages. No changes of the phagocytotic activity were observed.Conclusion

We conclude that macrophage APP and Aβ peptides support the initiation of an immune response and are involved in the secretion of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10.
Long non-coding RNA DIO3OS binds to microRNA-130b to restore radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating PAX9
Authors: Liu Jun-Qi , Yang Xiang-Xiang , Guo Yue-Xin , Wang Xin , Gu Hao , Zhang Song , Gao Liang , Zhao Di , Fan Rui-Tai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) ranks as one of the most fatal cancers worldwide for its aggression and unsatisfactory survival rate. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA axis has been highlighted as a potency biomarker for enhancing the radiosensitivity of ESCC. Hence, we investigated the functional mechanism of the DIO3OS/miR-130b/paired box 9 (PAX9) axis in the radioresistance of ESCC cells. Methods: In cell experiments, we altered the miR-130b expression in ESCC cells using mimics or inhibitors to examine its effects on ESCC cell activities in response to 4 Gy irradiation, as well as the involvement of DIO3OS and PAX9. Tumor xenograft experiments were then conducted to observe the effect of miR-130b, DIO3OS and PAX9 on radiosensitivity of ESCC ells in vivo . Results: miR-130b was found to be highly-expressed in the ESCC. Downregulated miR-130b inhibited proliferation, invasion and resistance to apoptosis in ESCC cells. DIO3OS and PAX9 were reduced in ESCC. A notable finding revealed that miR-130b could bind to DIO3OS and PAX9 respectively. DIO3OS could upregulate PAX9 by binding to miR-130b, which ultimately promoted the radiosensitivity of ESCC in vitro and in vivo . Conclusion: Taken together, DIO3OS upregulates the expression of PAX9 by binding to miR-130b, ultimately promoting the radiosensitivity of ESCC. Keywords: DIO3OS. MicroRNA-130b. Paired box 9. Radiosensitivity. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Informal caregivers’ views on the quality of health care services provided to older patients aged 80 or more in the hospital and 30 days after discharge
Authors: Lilleheie Ingvild , Debesay Jonas , Bye Asta , Bergland Astrid 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background In the European Union (EU), informal caregivers provide 60% of all care. Informal caregiving ranges from assistance with daily activities and provision of direct care to helping care recipients to navigate within complex healthcare and social services systems. While recent caregiver surveys document the impact of informal caregivers, systematic reviews show that they have unmet needs. Because of the political desire to reduce the length of hospital stays, older patients are discharged from the hospital ‘quicker and sicker’ than before. The transition between different levels of the healthcare system and the period after hospital discharge is critical for elderly patients. Caregivers’ perspectives on the quality of older patients’ care journeys between levels of the healthcare system may provide valuable information for healthcare providers and policymakers. This study aims to explore older patient’s informal caregivers’ views on healthcare quality in the hospital and in the first 30 days after hospitalisation. Method We used a phenomenological perspective to explore and describe informal caregivers’ subjective experiences of providing care to older relatives. We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 12 participants. The interviews were then transcribed and analysed thematically. Results The analysis yielded the overarching theme ‘Relatives – a health service alliance – quality creator’, which was divided into four main themes: ‘Fast in, fast out’, ‘Scant information’, ‘Disclaimer of responsibility’ and ‘A struggle to secure professional care’. The healthcare system seemed to pay little attention to ensuring mutual understandings between those involved in discharge, treatment and coordination. The participants experienced that the healthcare providers’ main focus was on the patients’ diseases, although the health services are supposed to view patients holistically. Conclusion Based on the information given by informal caregivers, health services must take into account each person’s needs and preferences. To deliver quality healthcare, better coordination between inter-professional care teams and the persons they serve is necessary. Health professionals must strengthen the involvement of caregivers in transitions between care and healthcare. Future work should evaluate targeted strategies for formal caregivers to cooperate, support and empower family members as informal caregivers.
Longitudinal association between housing accessibility and activities of daily living: the role of self-efficacy and control in people ageing with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gefenaite Giedre , Björk Jonas , Iwarsson Susanne , Slaug Björn , Schmidt Steven M. , Nilsson Maria H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives External housing-related control beliefs (HCB) and general self-efficacy (GSE) influence different health outcomes in the general ageing population, but there is no information of their role in people ageing with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to longitudinally assess the role of external HCB and GSE on the association between housing accessibility and activities of daily living (ADL) among people ageing with PD.Methods Baseline and 3-year follow-up data on 130 community-living participants from the Swedish project ‘Home and Health in People Ageing with PD’ were collected. Assessments addressed housing accessibility, external HCB, GSE, generic ADL and ADL specific to PD. The moderating effects of external HCB and GSE were assessed by including an interaction term in multivariable logistic regression.Results There were statistically significant interactions between housing accessibility and GSE on ADL (p=0.03), and housing accessibility and external HCB on PD specific ADL (p=0.03). After stratifying the analyses by GSE, housing accessibility problems led to more dependence and difficulty in ADL in participants with low GSE (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.98-1.32). After stratifying by external HCB, housing accessibility increased dependence and difficulty in PD specific ADL in participants with low external HCB (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.03-1.76).Discussion The results suggest causal links between housing accessibility and ADL in people with PD with different moderators, namely GSE and external HCB, playing a role for generic ADL and ADL specific to PD. Further studies should validate these findings and explore their potential application in PD-related care and rehabilitation.
Comparison of the influence of pupil dilation on predicted postoperative refraction and recommended intraocular lens power among Barrett Universal II, Haigis, and SRK/T calculation formulas: a retrospective study
Authors: Teshigawara Takeshi , Meguro Akira , Mizuki Nobuhisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background We investigated the effect of pupil dilation on predicted postoperative refraction (PPR) and recommended intraocular lens (IOL) power calculated using three different generations of IOL power calculation formulas: Barrett Universal II (Barrett) (new generation), Haigis (4th generation), and SRK/T (3rd generation).Methods This retrospective study included 150 eyes. The following variables were measured and calculated using an optical biometer before and after dilation: anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), white-to-white (WTW), mean absolute change (MAC) in PPR, and recommended IOL power. PPR and recommended IOL power were calculated by Barrett, Haigis, and SRK/T IOL calculation formulas. Correlations between all changes were analyzed. The influence of pupil dilation on recommended IOL power calculated by each formula was also analyzed.Results MAC in PPR before and after dilation was highest in Barrett, followed by Haigis and SRK/T. Significant differences were found among each MAC. Significant changes were observed before and after dilation in ACD and LT but not in WTW. In Barrett and Haigis, there was a significant positive correlation between change in PPR and change in ACD and a negative correlation between change in PPR and change in LT. Correlations were strongest in Barret followed by Haigis, especially in LT. Change in PPR in Barrett also demonstrated a significant positive correlation with change in WTW. The recommended IOL power using Barrett and Haigis changed before and after dilation in 23.3% and 19.3% cases; SRK/T showed no change.Conclusions In PPR and recommended IOL power, pupil dilation influenced Barrett most strongly, followed by Haigis and SRK/T. Given the stronger correlation between the change in PPR in Barrett and the change in ACD, LT, and WTW, the change of ACD, LT, and WTW is more important to the influence of dilation on Barrett. The influence of dilation on each formula and variables, including ACD, LT, and WTW is key to improving IOL calculation.
Effect on rabbits’ intraocular structure by cross-linked hyaluronic formations as vitreous substitute
Authors: Gong Yan , Chen Kai , Wu Yue , Guo Xiaohong , Zhang Tao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To observe the effects of cross-linked hyaluronic hydrogel on retina struct and intraocular biocompatibility in rabbits. Methods: the polymer-derived hyaluronic acid which was formed by UV light cross-linked with N-vinyl-pyrrolidone. Free hyaluronic acid levels were detected by spectrophotometric method. Vitrectomy was then performed in the rabbits, and then cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels of different concentrations were injected. Intraocular pressure measurements, cornea check-up, and B-ultrasound examination were performed during the follow-up period. After six weeks’ follow-up, the rabbits were sacrificed, and both eyes were removed. The eyeballs were fixed for HE staining, and the polymer materials were observed under electron microscopy. Results: The synthetic hydrogel present a transparent substance with a refractive index similar to that of the human vitreous body, which also had sufficient viscosity and elasticity for intraocular usage by rheological measurements. The results of the free hyaluronic acid test showed that the hydrogel had little degrade within one month. The results of the histology, intraocular pressure, B-ultrasound and retinal ultrastructure suggested that cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel had superior tissue biocompatibility intraocular for six weeks. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid-based cross-linked biopolymers had good biocompatibility in rabbit, which also shown promising potential as vitreous substitutes in clinical practice.
Comparison of amyloid PET measured in Centiloid units with neuropathological findings in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Amadoru Sanka , Doré Vincent , McLean Catriona A , Hinton Fairlie , Shepherd Claire E , Halliday Glenda M , Leyton Cristian E , Yates Paul A , Hodges John R , Masters Colin L , Villemagne Victor L , Rowe Christopher C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine the Centiloid unit (CL) thresholds for sparse and moderate density neuritic plaques.

Methods: Amyloid PET results in CL for 49 subjects were compared with post-mortem neuritic plaque density, visual read, and final clinicopathological diagnosis. A Youden Index was used to determine the optimal CL thresholds from receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results: A threshold of 20.1 CL yielded highest accuracy in detecting moderate or frequent plaque density (ROC AUC 0.97). A threshold of 9.5 CL was optimal for detecting sparse, moderate or frequent plaques (ROC AUC 0.96). Those cases with a final clinicopathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease yielded a median CL result of 87.7 (IQR ±42.2) with 94% > 45 CL. Positive visual read agreed highly with results >26 CL.

Conclusions: In this cohort, values <9.5 CL accurately reflected the absence of any neuritic plaques, and >20.1 CL indicated the presence of at least moderate plaque density. Clinicopathological diagnosis of AD was rare with CL <45.
Governmental financial investment strategy of traditional medicine hospitals: evidence from public Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals (PTHs) of Henan Province, China
Authors: Ren Weicun , Fu Xiaoli , Kasanga Maisa , Tarimo Clifford Silver , He Zhuowen , Wang Yanqing , Miao Yudong , Wu Jian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Chinese government has been continually increasing its investments on Public Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals (PTHs) in recent years. This study aimed to assess the scales and structure of investments on PTHs in Henan Province, China, in order to analyze the contribution of Government Financial Investment (GFI) to the revenue growth of PTHs, as well as raising practical investment strategies for decision-makers. Methods: This study was a panel data research, conducted in Henan Province, China. By collecting 143 PTHs’ operational data from 2005 to 2017, the authors computed data with Barrow Economic Growth Model (BEG), Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) respectively. Results: The study observed that the contribution of GFI to PTHs’ revenue growth was positive (average MPG=2.84), which means the scale of GFI hadn’t reached an optimal level. The scales of GFI on Grade III, Grade II A, Grade II B PTHs need to be increased by -5.96%, 4.88% and 11.51% respectively in order to maximize the input-output efficiency. The third year after the investment year may be a more effective period for conducting an effect evaluation of GFI in Henan Province. Conclusions: GFI on PTHs usually has a long-term impact on PTHs. Government needs to adjust its GFI policy to maximize the input-output efficiency.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS (ODTS) OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM BY USING SUPERDISINTEGRANT FROM NATURAL ORIGIN
Authors: PANDA SATYAJITH , HEMALATHA NODAGALA , SHANKAR PANCHAGNULA UDAYA , BARATAM SRINIVASA RAO 
Published: November 2019

Objective: In this study, a polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) was investigated as a super disintegrant in the orodispersible tablets of diclofenac sodium.
Methods: Diclofenac sodium tablets were prepared separately using different concentrations (5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 15% w/w) of isolated Cajanus cajan seed polysaccharide (natural) and sodium starch glycolate (synthetic) as super disintegrant by the direct compression method. Evaluation of tablets was done for various pre-and post-compression parameters. The stability studies were performed on optimized formulation F5. The disintegration time and in vitro drug release of the formulation F5 was compared with pregelatinized starch and synthetic super disintegrant (sodium starch glycolate).
Results: The drug-excipient interactions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared studies. The Optimized formulation F5 containing 15% polysaccharide showed wetting time of 118.7 seconds with 105.3 seconds of disintegration time and 95.61% dissolved in 3 min.
Conclusion: The present work revealed that Cajanus cajan seed polysaccharide has a good disintegrating agent in the formulation of orodispersible tablets.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI-NEOPLASTIC POTENTIAL OF PHYTOFABRICATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELL LINE (MCF-7)
Authors: AMUDHA CHINNAIAH KUPPUSWAMY , DEEBA FARAH , RAJARAJAN PETHANNAN 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The surging cancer incidence has necessitated the synthesis, characterization and production of green synthesized silver nanoparticles and its effective use. The present study was carried out to assess the antineoplastic potential of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles against breast cancer cell lines.
Methods: The rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using Withania somnifera, Aegle marmelos and Taraxacum officinale. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis. Further, the antineoplastic potential of the green synthesized nanoparticles were assessed by MTT assay at an ascending concentration of 25, 50, 100, 250, 500μg/ml against MCF-7 (Breast) cancer cell lines.
Results: The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, EDX and FTIR analysis which confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles and were of irregular shape with a size of 26 nm, 18 nm, 94 nm, and its IC50 value was 251.2563±0.59µg/ml, 215.5172±0.41µg/ml and 205.7613±0.37µg/ml for Aegle marmelos, Taraxacum officinale and Withania somnifera respectively against MCF-7 cells.
Conclusion: The investigation unveils the fact that phytofabricated AgNPs could be exploited as an effective antineoplastic agent for further medical and pharmaceutical applications.
FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CURCUMIN NANOPARTICLE TRANSDERMAL PATCH
Authors: SURYANI  , MUSNINA WA ODE SITTI , RUSLIN  , NISA MICHRUN , APRIANTI RIMA , HASANAH MARGANITA , PUTRI FIRDA RAHMANIA , ADJENG ANDI NAFISAH TENDRI , YUNIAR NANI , SAHUMENA MUHAMAD HANDOYO , ASWAN MUHAMMAD 
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to formulate curcumin nanoparticles transdermal patches and to evaluate their physical characterization.
Methods: Curcumin nanoparticles transdermal patches were formulated by the casting evaporation method. Transdermal patches were made using combinations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and ethyl cellulose (EC) at ratios of 4.5:1.5 for Formula 1 (F1), 4:1 for Formula 2 (F2), 3.5:1.5 for Formula 3 (F3), 3:2 for Formula 4 (F4), and 2.5:2.5 for Formula 5 (F5). Physical characterization evaluation (organoleptic properties, pH, weight uniformity, thickness uniformity, percent moisture content, and tensile strength) was then performed. The permeation of curcumin nanoparticles into the skin was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells.
Results: Curcumin nanoparticles transdermal patches could be formulated by the casting evaporation method with the organoleptic properties characterized as smooth, dry, yellow in color, having menthol odor, and transparent. The pH values ranged between 5.0 and 6.0. The thickness of the patches ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The average of the patches’ weight was 0.7 g, and the percent moisture content ranged from 1.0 to 6.0%. The tensile strength values were 1.0 to 2.0 N/mm. Curcumin nanoparticles could penetrate into the skin with flux values being 1.271 µg. cm-2 (F1), 0.938 µg. cm-2 (F2), 0.775 µg. cm-2 (F3), 0.837 µg. cm-2 (F4), and 0.569 µg. cm-2 (F5).
Conclusion: All patches met the requirement of the physical characterization for the transdermal patch.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF COLON TARGETED MESALAMINE PELLETS: IN VITRO-IN VIVO RELEASE STUDY
Authors: BAHEKAR JAGAN , WADHER SHAILESH 
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study was intended to investigate the potential of the colon specificity approach comprising of use of pH-sensitive and time-dependent polymers in combination for precise colonic release of Mesalamine or 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA).
Methods: The extrusion and spheronization method, preferably employed in industry for allowing high dose capacity to formulate, was used to prepare drug pellets. The Wurster coating technique used for aqueous coatings of Eudragit NE 40D as an inner coat and Eudragit FS30D as outer coat. The changing pH media used for in vitro release study of optimization batches for both the coating levels. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate coating thickness and surface morphology.
Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of formulation evaluated by in vivo study in rabbits revealed that the uncoated formulation released the drug too early in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with a mean Cmax of 1205.28±0.37 µg/ml at 2 h after administration, whereas desired lag time was achieved in case of coated pellets exhibiting mean Cmax 465.94±0.21 µg/ml and tmax of 8 h.
Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo release study divulge the reliability of approach involving the use of pH sensitivity and time dependency of polymer for drug release in a single formulation for the treatment of colonic diseases. Hence, the present study provides constructive results for colon targeting of 5-ASA pellets with industrially feasible processes.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FATTY ACID PROFILES IN PATIN (PANGASIUS MICRONEMUS) AND GABUS (CHANNA STRIATA) FISH OIL AND ITS AUTHENTICATION USING FTIR SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH CHEMOMETRICS
Authors: PUTRI ANGGITA ROSIANA , ROHMAN ABDUL , RIYANTO SUGENG 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aims of this research were to analyse the fatty acids contained in Patin (Pangasius micronemus) and Gabus (Channa striata) fish oils also its authentication using FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics.
Methods: Patin fish oil (PFO) was extracted from patin flesh using the maceration method with petroleum benzene as the solvent, while gabus fish oil (GFO) was purchased from the market in Yogyakarta. The analysis of fatty acid was done using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The authentication was performed using FTIR spectrophotometer and chemometrics methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the proximity of oils based on the characteristic similarity. The quantification of adulterated PFO was performed using multivariate calibrations, partial least square (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR). The classification between authentic oils and those adulterated used discriminant analysis (DA).
Results: The level of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in PFO is higher than in GFO. The PLS and PCR methods using the second derivative spectra at wavenumbers of 666–3050 cm-1 offered the highest values of coefficient of determination (R2) and lowest root means the square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP).
Conclusion: The PCA method was successfully used to determine the proximity of oils. Among oils studied, PFO has a similarity fatty acid composition with GFO. The DA method was able to screen pure PFO from adulterated PFO without any misclassification reported. FTIR spectroscopy in combined with chemometrics can be used for authentication and quantification.