bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with successful completion of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy in an area with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria: 30-day hospital admission and mortality rates
Authors: Salles Thais Cristina Garbelini , Cerrato Santiago Grau , Santana Tatiana Fiscina , Medeiros Eduardo Alexandrino 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with hospital admission and mortality within the first 30 days after enrolment in an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program, also analysing adequacy of the treatment regimen and clinical outcomes.Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted between October 2016 and June 2017 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Variables related to hospital admission and mortality were subjected to bivariate analysis, and those with aP<0.05 were subjected to multivariate analysis as risk factors.ResultsWe evaluated 276 patients, of whom 80.5% were ≥60 years of age and 69.9% had more than one comorbidity. Of the patients evaluated, 41.3% had pneumonia and 35.1% had a urinary tract infection. The most common etiological agent, isolated in 18 (31.6%) cases, wasKlebsiella pneumoniae, and 13 (72,2%) strains were carbapenem resistant. The OPAT was in accordance with the culture results in 76.6% of the cases and with the institutional protocols in 76.4%. The majority (64.5%) of the patients were not admitted, and a cure or clinical improvement was achieved in 78.6%. Multivariate analysis showed that, within the first 30 days after enrolment, the absence of a physician office visit was a predictor of hospital admission (P<0.001) and mortality (P= 0.006).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the viability of OPAT in elderly patients with pulmonary or urinary tract infections in an area with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and that a post-discharge physician office visit is protective against hospital admission and mortality.
Novel use of XSTAT 30 for mitigation of lethal non-compressible torso hemorrhage in swine
Authors: Bonanno Alicia M. , Graham Todd L. , Wilson Lauren N. , Ross James D. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundManagement of Non-Compressible Torso Hemorrhage (NCTH) consists primarily of aortic occlusion which has significant adverse outcomes, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, in prolonged field care paradigms. One promising avenue for treatment is through use of RevMedx XSTAT 30™ (an FDA approved sponge-based dressing utilized for extremity wounds). We hypothesized that XSTAT 30™ would effectively mitigate NCTH during a prolonged pre-hospital period with correctable metabolic and physiologic derangements.Methods and findingsTwenty-four male swine (53±2kg) were anesthetized, underwent line placement, and splenectomy. Animals then underwent laparoscopic transection of 70% of the left lobe of the liver with hemorrhage for a period of 10min. They were randomized into three groups: No intevention (CON), XSTAT 30™-Free Pellets (FP), and XSTAT 30™-Bagged Pellets (BP). Animals were observed for a pre-hospital period of 180min. At 180min, animals underwent damage control surgery (DCS), balanced blood product resuscitation and removal of pellets followed by an ICU period of 5 hours. Postoperative fluoroscopy was performed to identify remaining pellets or bags. Baseline physiologic and injury characteristics were similar. Survival rates were significantly higher in FP and BP (p<0.01) vs CON. DCS was significantly longer in FP in comparison to BP (p = 0.001). Two animals in the FP group had pellets discovered on fluoroscopy following DCS. There was no significant difference in blood product or pressor requirements between groups. End-ICU lactates trended to baseline in both FP and BP groups.ConclusionsWhile these results are promising, further study will be required to better understand the role for XSTAT in the management of NCTH.
Hepatitis B and HIV coinfection in Northern Uganda: Is a decline in HBV prevalence on the horizon?
Authors: Chiesa Annacarla , Ochola Emmanuel , Oreni Letizia , Vassalini Paolo , Rizzardini Giuliano , Galli Massimo 
Published: November 2020

Background
The available data concerning hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Uganda are limited, particularly in the case of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). HBV is not routinely tested when starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to determine the prevalence, the correlates of the risk of HBV infection, and the association with outcomes of ART among PLWH attending a busy HIV clinic in a referral hospital in Northern Uganda.

Patients and methods
From April to June 2016, a random sample of 1000 PLWH attending the outpatients’ clinic of St. Mary’s Hospital, Gulu, Uganda were systematically selected to undergo a rapid hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test after administering a questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. HIV care parameters were obtained from client files. Multivariate logistic regression and general linear model were used for the analysis.

Results
950 of the 985 evaluable patients (77% females; mean age 42.8 years) were receiving ART. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.2–9.6%), and was significantly lower among the females (6.8% vs 11.7%; p = 0.020). The factors independently associated with higher HBV infection were having lived in an internally displaced persons’ camp (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.76, 95% CI 1.03–2.98; p = 0.036) and having shared housing with HBV-infected people during childhood (aOR 3.30, 95% CI 1.49–7.32; p = 0.003). CD4+ T cell counts were significantly lower in HBV patients (p = 0.025), and co-infection was associated with a poorer CD4+ T cell response to ART (AOR 0.88; 95% CI 0.79–0.98; p = 0.030).

Conclusions
The observed prevalence of HBV among the PLWH may be underestimated or a signal of HBV decline in the region. The factors favouring horizontal HBV transmission identified suggest extending HBV screening and vaccine prophylaxis among PLWH.
Similar rates of fat oxidation during graded submaximal exercise in women of different body composition
Authors: Kerhervé Hugo A. , Harvey Leonie M. , Eagles Alexander N. , McLellan Chris , Lovell Dale 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundModerate intensity exercise ranging 40–60% of maximum oxygen uptake is advised to promote energy expenditure and fat oxidation in overweight and obese people. Although fat oxidation has been shown to be highly variable among individual, there is still a relative uncertainty regarding exercise prescription for women specifically. This article aimed to determine whether indicators of body composition can be used to narrow the exercise intensity range for exercise prescription in women.MethodsA total of 35 healthy women (age 30.8±9.5 yr) classified according to their BMI in normal weight (NOR; ≤24.9 kg·m2), overweight (OVW; 25–29.9 kg·m2) and obese groups (OBE; ≥30 kg·m2) completed a submaximal graded test (intensities eliciting ~30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of maximum oxygen uptake). Blood lactate, perceived exertion and absolute and relative substrate oxidation for fat (OXFAT) and carbohydrates (OXCHO) were measured at each stage.ResultsPerceived exertion and blood lactate increased as a function of exercise but did not differ across groups. There were no significant changes in absolute and relative OXFATacross groups, or as a function of exercise intensity. Peak OXFAToccurred at the 40%, 50% and 40% stages for NOR, OVW and OBE groups, respectively, with no significant differences across groups.ConclusionWe measured no differences, but considerable inter-individual variation, in fat oxidation in women of different body composition. This result is in agreement with previous research based on exercise performed at constant rate and in independent participant groups. Our findings do not support the fat oxidation hypothesis, and further emphasise the perspective that exercise prescription should be individualised and likely be based on considerations other than substrate oxidation.
TGF-β-induced activation of conjunctival fibroblasts is modulated by FGF-2 and substratum stiffness
Authors: Matsumura Tomoyo , Fujimoto Tomokazu , Futakuchi Akiko , Takihara Yuji , Watanabe-Kitamura Fumika , Takahashi Eri , Inoue-Mochita Miyuki , Tanihara Hidenobu , Inoue Toshihiro 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effects of substratum stiffness on the sensitivity of human conjunctival fibroblasts to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and to explore the molecular mechanism of action.

Methods
Human conjunctival fibroblasts were cultured on collagen-coated plastic or silicone plates. The stiffness of the silicone plates was 0.2 or 64 kPa. Cells were treated by 2.5 ng/mL TGF-β2 with or without fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 (0–100 ng/mL) for 24 h or 48 h. The protein expression levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using the WST-8 assay.

Results
FGF-2 suppressed the TGF-β-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and collagen type I (Col I), but not fibronectin (FN). Both FGF-2 and TGF-β2 increased cell proliferation without an additive effect. The induction of α-SMA by TGF-β2 was decreased on the soft substratum, without any change in the expression level or subcellular location of Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ). FGF-2 suppressed TGF-β-induced α-SMA expression even on the soft substratum.

Conclusions
FGF-2 treatment and a soft substratum suppressed TGF-β-induced transdifferentiation of conjunctival fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. FGF-2 attenuated the TGF-β-induced expression of α-SMA, even on a soft substratum.
A microestrutura de um dicionário semibilíngue como ferramenta para a aprendizagem de alemão como língua estrangeira
Authors: Domladovac Silva Carolina , De Almeida Azevedo Murakawa Clotilde 
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar os componentes da microestrutura do Wahrig: dicionário semibilíngue para brasileiros - alemão (2011), a fim de verificar sua contribuição para a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira. Por meio da recolha de unidades lexicais relativas ao domínio da farmácia, bem como de seus respectivos verbetes, e consequentemente de sua microestrutura, pretende-se constatar tanto as características lexicográficas e/ ou terminográficas, quanto as características pedagógicas e/ ou didáticas do dicionário em questão. Fundamenta-se nas teorias da Lexicografia Pedagógica (DURAN, 2004; DURAN; XATARA, 2007), que busca atender às necessidades dos aprendizes de idiomas, e da Metalexicografia Pedagógica (DURAN; XATARA, 2006), cujo desenvolvimento é necessário para a adequação dos dicionários à especificidade e ao nível de conhecimento dos alunos de língua estrangeira. Por meio da análise de verbetes recolhidos com base em um tema cotidiano de uso, isto é, útil a aprendizes/ profissionais de diferentes níveis, pretende-se ainda reconhecer as características que possam contribuir ou não para a elaboração de um dicionário pedagógico.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lexicografia Pedagógica. Metalexicografia Pedagógica. Dicionário semibilíngue. Definição.
Comparing Engineering Properties of Small Diameter Pressuremeter Tests to Clegg Impact Hammer Tests in Cemented Coquina Base and Sandy Subgrades
Authors: Cosentino Paul J. , Misilo III Thaddeus J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA comprehensive field testing program was undertaken to show that the small diameter pressuremeter (SDPMT) produces engineering data that compare well with the existing literature and Clegg Impact Hammer data. SDPMT tests were conducted using two SDPMT probe lengths (15- and 30-cm or 6- and 12-inch) and inflation techniques (incremental injection and continuous injection). Incremental tests required about 5 to 10 minutes to complete while continuous tests were completed within 1 minute. This device was successfully used in the drive pin hole used for nuclear density testing. Following a preliminary SDPMT equipment validation, 156 SDPMT tests and 96 Clegg Impact Hammer tests were performed in three sandy pavement subgrades and a cemented coquina base rock at four locations in Brevard County, Florida. SDPMT at-rest, initial stiffness, and limit pressures were evaluated using five statistical models. Good to excellent correlations were developed between the stiffness and limit pressure. Regression coefficients (R2) as high as 0.98 were found from SDPMT tests with incremental injection using the longer probe, indicating that these two variables are correlated. Comparisons between SDPMT stiffness and strength parameters and Clegg Impact Values (CIV) also produced strong correlations, with R2 values ranging from 0.75 to 0.90, indicating that CIVs are correlated to SDPMT strength and stiffness. These results indicate that SDPMT tests produce reliable strength and stiffness parameters in sandy subgrades and cemented coquina base materials common in Brevard County, Florida.
Oscillation-Based Connectivity Architecture Is Dominated by an Intrinsic Spatial Organization, Not Cognitive State or Frequency
Authors: Mostame Parham , Sadaghiani Sepideh 
Published: November 2020

Functional connectivity of neural oscillations (oscillation-based FC) is thought to afford dynamic information exchange across task-relevant neural ensembles. Although oscillation-based FC is classically defined relative to a prestimulus baseline, giving rise to rapid, context-dependent changes in individual connections, studies of distributed spatial patterns show that oscillation-based FC is omnipresent, occurring even in the absence of explicit cognitive demands. Thus, the issue of whether oscillation-based FC is primarily shaped by cognitive state or is intrinsic in nature remains open. Accordingly, we sought to reconcile these observations by interrogating the ECoG recordings of 18 presurgical human patients (8 females) for state dependence of oscillation-based FC in five canonical frequency bands across an array of six task states. FC analysis of phase and amplitude coupling revealed a highly similar, largely state-invariant (i.e., intrinsic) spatial component across cognitive states. This spatial organization was shared across all frequency bands. Crucially, however, each band also exhibited temporally independent FC dynamics capable of supporting frequency-specific information exchange. In conclusion, the spatial organization of oscillation-based FC is largely stable over cognitive states (i.e., primarily intrinsic in nature) and shared across frequency bands. Together, our findings converge with previous observations of spatially invariant patterns of FC derived from extremely slow and aperiodic fluctuations in fMRI signals. Our observations indicate that “background” FC should be accounted for in conceptual frameworks of oscillation-based FC targeting task-related changes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA fundamental property of neural activity is that it is periodic, enabling functional connectivity (FC) between distant regions through coupling of their oscillations. According to task-based studies, such oscillation-based FC is rapid and malleable to meet cognitive task demands. Studying distributed FC patterns instead of FC in a few individual connections, we found that oscillation-based FC is largely stable across various cognitive states and shares a common layout across oscillation frequencies. This stable spatial organization of FC in fast oscillatory brain signals parallels the known stability of fMRI-based intrinsic FC architecture. Despite the observed spatial state and frequency invariance, FC of individual connections was temporally independent between frequency bands, suggesting a putative mechanism for malleable frequency-specific FC to support cognitive tasks.
Molecular biomarker profile of heart failure with mid-range and preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lebedev D. A. , Lyasnikova E. A. , Vasilyeva A. A. , Vasilyeva E. Yu. , Babenko A. Yu. , Shlyakhto E. V. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. To study molecular biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in combination with heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) and mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and compare the data obtained with clinical characteristics of myocardial remodeling.Material and methods. The study included 42 patients with T2D (men — 53%, mean age — 60 years) with clinical manifestations of class II HF: 29 patients with HFpEF (group 1) and 13 patients with HFmrEF (group 2). The control group consisted of 13 healthy people, which were comparable in sex and age and had a normal body mass index (BMI). Patients received stable glucose-lowering and optimal drug therapy for HF for 3 months prior to enrollment in the study. Patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF were comparable in clinical and demographic parameters, had glycated hemoglobin (HbA ) of 8,5% and 8,8%, respectively (p>0,05), increased BMI or grade I-II obesity.We studied following biomarkers: NT-proBNP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), sST2, galectin-3, procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide (PICP), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1).Results. Volumetric parameters of the left ventricle (LV),LV mass indexed to growth and NT-proBNP were higher in the group of HFpEF patients (p<0,05 for all). The concentrations of galectin-3, PICP were higher, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio decreased in patients with T2D compared with the control group (p<0,05 for all). PICP values were higher in patients with HFmrEF compared with patients with HFpEF (106,4 (85,4; 140,4) ng/ml vs 46,8 (12,6; 98,6 ng/ml), respectively, p=0,043). In patients with T2D and HF, a relationship was found between TIMP-1 andLV end-diastolic volume (r=-0,68; p=0,042).Conclusion. Patients with HFmrEF and T2D have higherLV volume and mass, higher concentrations of NT-proBNP and PICP in comparison with patients with HFpEF. The direction of MMP-9/TIMP-1 changes may reflect a decrease in antifibrotic processes. Further prospective studies on large samples using a multiple biomarker model are required in T2D and various HF phenotypes.
Transcriptome analysis of skeletal muscles revealed the effect of exercise on the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle growth and metabolism in patients with heart failure
Authors: Ivanova O. A. , Ignatieva E. V. , Lelyavina T. A. , Galenko V. L. , Komarova M. Yu. , Bortsova M. A. , Sitnikova M. Yu. , Kostareva A. A. , Sergushichev A. A. , Dmitrieva R. I. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. Heart failure (HF) is accompanied by skeletal muscle atrophy and exercise intolerance. The aim was to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of personalized exercise in patients with HF.Material and methods. RNA sequencing obtained from skeletal muscle biopsies before and after a 12-week exercise course was used to identify changes in gene expression and signaling pathways induced by the physical rehabilitation program for patients with HF.Results. We have shown that personalized exercise program in patients with HF stimulates the activation of molecular pathways regulating the differentiation and functioning of skeletal muscles: commitment of muscle progenitor cells; mechanisms regulating the calcium release and sensitivity of myofibrillar contraction, electrical excitability of the muscle membrane, synaptic vesicle proton gradient creation, maintenance of electrochemical gradients of Na+ /K+ . Also, the analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed an increase in the expression of transcription factors MyoD and MEF2, which are responsible for the differentiation of muscle stem cells, and sarcomeric genes MYOM1, MYOM2, MYH7. Along with this, we observed activation of the CYR61 expression — a potential prognostic biomarker for HF patients.Conclusion. Our data show that the beneficial effect of personalized aerobic exercise in patients with HF depends, at least in part, on an improvement in the physiological and biochemical parameters of skeletal muscle.
Adesão à terapêutica anti-hipertensiva: revisão integrativa
Authors: Lisbôa de Carvalho Beatriz , Palmeira Cátia Suely , Ribeiro Santos Rodrigues Gilmara , Teles Santana de Macedo Tassia 
Published: November 2020

OBJETIVO: Descrever os fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial sistêmica em população adulta brasileira. MÉTODO: Revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos completos disponíveis na base de dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e bibliotecas eletrônicas online, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (SciELO), Scientific Electronic Library Online (LILACS), Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais, pesquisa realizada com população adulta brasileira, publicações nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol no período de 2009 a 2019, resultando em 24 artigos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se predominância de pesquisas descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, publicadas nos anos de 2012 e 2014. Dos artigos analisados emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: fatores associados à adesão relacionada às características da pessoa; fatores associados à adesão relacionada à doença e terapêutica; fatores associados à adesão relacionada ao serviço e equipe de saúde. Entre os fatores intervenientes mais apontados foram, esquecimento, indisponibilidade do medicamento e esquema terapêutico complexo. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados evidenciaram que os fatores que interferem na adesão relacionada ao uso de anti-hipertensivos são demasiadamente abrangentes e multifatoriais, demandando abordagem multiprofissional e individualizada.
La Educación por las Nubes: una experiencia educativa desde el confinamiento
Authors: Tello Burgos Natalia , Llanas Torres Antonio 
Published: November 2020

El presente estudio expone una experiencia educativa con el alumnado del instituto IES Sol de Portocarrero de la provincia de Almería de la última etapa de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), en la materia de Educación plástica, visual y audiovisual en los meses de cuarentena a causa del COVID-19.
Durante los meses de confinamiento se han llevado a cabo diferentes actividades expresamente diseñadas para esta situación en las que se han trabajado elementos del currículo de secundaria a través de varias herramientas digitales proporcionadas por la compañía Google. Se han tenido en cuenta cuestiones como la igualdad de oportunidades para que todo el alumnado pueda realizarlas, además de la interacción entre las actividades, la secuencialización entre ellas y la evaluación de estas mediante distintos niveles de ejecución.
Este estudio presenta cada una de las herramientas empleadas, las actividades llevadas a cabo, los resultados obtenidos y la evaluación de los estudiantes acerca de toda esta experiencia educativa.