bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Study of Selective Chlorination of Iron in Ilmenite Ore
Authors: Lee So-Yeong , Park Sung-Hun , Sohn Ho-Sang 
Published: October 2020

The selective chlorination of ilmenite with coke and chlorine gas was conducted in the fixed bed reactor and effects of coke content and reaction temperature on reaction rate were investigated. In particular, the chlorination rate of iron in ilmenite was simulated by the unreacted shrinking core model. The reaction rate was simulated by calculating the chlorine gas consumption rate as the unreacted core shrinks. In addition, each of reaction resistances that chemical reaction at the reaction interface, diffusion through the product layer, and boundary film mass transfer resistances were calculated. The simulated reaction rates were in good agreement with the experimental results and the rate controlling step changed as the chlorination reaction progressed. Furthermore, the diffusion resistance through the product layer was dominant at lower reaction temperature, whereas the chemical reaction was dominant as the reaction temperature increased. It is because the diffusion of chlorine gas through the product layer could be hindered at lower reaction temperatures.
Key words: Ilmenite, Selective chlorination, Synthetic rutile, Shrinking core model
Improving fatigue performance of surface-damaged Ti-6Al-4V alloy via ultrasonic surface rolling process
Authors: Ao Ni , Liu Daoxin , Zhang Xiaohua 
Published: October 2020

Surface damages caused by markings, like laser marking and mechanical marking are detrimental to the fatigue performance of the components. To improve the fatigue performance of laser marked or mechanical marked Ti-6Al-4V alloy, ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) was performed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy prior to marking. The results showed that laser marking induced a porous and loose oxidized layer which severely decreased the fatigue performance of the substrate. And the mechanical marking slightly decreased the fatigue performance of the substrate due to the local stress concentration at the bottom of the pits. After USRP pretreatment, the detrimental effect of laser marking on the fatigue performance of the substrate was eliminated while the fatigue performance of mechanical marking sample was significantly improved by a factor of 3. That was because the USRP-induced residual compressive stress suppressed the crack early propagation.
Key words: Titanium alloy; Fatigue; Ultrasonic surface rolling process; Surface damage; Residual compressive stress; Laser marking, Mechanical marking
ELECTRON-BEAM MELTING OF INGOTS OF TiAl SYSTEM INTERMETALLICS
Authors: Akhonin S.V. , Berezos V.A. , Severyn A.Yu. 
Published: October 2020

Performance of scientific-technical researches at the E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine have been directed on development of technology for manufacture of titanium aluminide –based alloys using the method of electron-beam melting (EBM). The mathematical models of heat state and evaporation of alloying elements in EBM were developed. The results of calculations of heat state using the mathematical model allowed determining a dependence of depth of liquid pool on different melting rates. The mathematical models of processes of evaporation in EBM of titanium aluminide ingots were used for plotting the nomograms, which help to determine the necessary content of alloying element of the alloy in the initial charge for acquiring the necessary concentration of this element in ingot at set technological parameters of melting.
In scopes of designed mathematical models there were investigated different technological modes of electron-beam melting of ingots based on titanium aluminide. The optimum EBM modes, at which a solidification front approaches to flat, were determined. At that, more uniform distribution of the additives on ingot section and volume is provided as well as level of stressed state is reduced.
The works were carried out on manufacture of titanium aluminide based-ingots with addition of refractory as well as volatile alloying elements. Composition and structure of produced ingots were examined. It is shown that electron-beam melting allows getting chemically homogeneous ingots based on titanium aluminide and is a perspective method for production of such class materials.
Experimental study of the superplastic and hot deformation mechanisms of a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo Titanium Alloy
Authors: YAMANE Gen , AVOTRINIAINA Felantsoa , IMAI Hiroyuki , SONG Longqiu , VIDAL Vanessa , MATSUMOTO Hiroaki , VELAY Vincent 
Published: October 2020

To clarify the hot deformation characteristics of Ti alloys, flow behaviour, micro structural evolution and deformation mechanisms were investigated in a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy with two initial micro structure: an ultra-fine grained (UFG) and a fine-grained (FG) microstructure (dα=0,8 µm and dα=3 µm respectively) by isothermal interrupted tensile tests, SEM observations and through electron back scatter diffraction experiments.
Depending on the test conditions and on the initial α grain size, the flow behaviour can exhibit steady state flow and/or hardening and/or softening. The microstructure and texture evolutions have been studied mainly by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and SEM observations. They evidenced in particular the occurrence of α grains growth as well as dynamic recrystallization (DRX).
The different flow behaviour associated to the microstructure evolution is shown and discussed to clarify the main deformation mode that could be assume to occur depending on the microstructure, the temperature and the strain rate.
Stress partitioning in a near-β Titanium alloy induced by elastic and plastic phase anisotropies: experimental and modeling
Authors: PURUSHOTTAM RAJ PUROHIT Ravi raj purohit , LHADI Safaa , GEY Nathalie , CASTELNAU Olivier , RICHETON Thiebaud , GERMAIN Lionel , BERBENNI Stephane 
Published: October 2020

The load transfer induced by the elastic and plastic phase anisotropies of a Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al titanium alloy is studied. The microstructure consists in α nodules embedded in elongated β grains. EBSD performed on the alloy shows no crystallographic texture neither for α nor β phase. Tensile tests along the elongation direction, at a strain rate of 2 x 10-3 s-1 give a yield stress of 830 MPa with 13% ductility.
Simulations based on an advanced two-phase polycrystalline elasto-viscoplastic self-consistent (EVPSC) model predict that the β phase first plastifies with a sequential onset of plasticity starting from <110> oriented β grains, then <111> and finally <100> oriented β grains. This leads to a strong load transfer from the β grains to the α nodules whose average behavior remains elastic up to high stresses (~940 MPa). However, additional simulations considering exclusively β grains of specific orientation show that the behavior of α nodules is strongly dependent on the β texture in which they are embedded. Especially, in <001> β grains, which plastify the latest, the model predicts the onset of plasticity in favorably orientated α nodules. Moreover, the orientation spread within the β grains can modify the average plastic behavior of α phase. In future, these results will be compared to data obtained from in-situ High Energy XRD and SEM/EBSD experiments.
Das maturierte Veneninterponat
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie prothetovenöse Anastomose neigt besonders bei einer nativen Drainagevene zur Entwicklung prothetovenöser Stenosen. Ein zwischengeschaltetes maturiertes Venensegment scheint die Stenoseinzidenz zu reduzieren.
Monitoring der immunsuppressiven Therapie
Authors: Ehren Rasmus , Weber Lutz T. 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas therapeutische Drug-Monitoring (TDM) einer immunsuppressiven Therapie kann einen wichtigen Beitrag zur klinischen Einschätzung des Verlaufes und zur Effektivität der Behandlung leisten. Ziel des TDMs sollte die Optimierung der Medikamentendosierung sein, um eine gute Effektivität bei minimaler Toxizität zu erreichen. Ein TDM kann pharmakokinetisch, pharmakodynamisch und pharmakogenetisch erfolgen. Näher wird auf die Besonderheiten des TDMs von Mycophenolatmofetil (MMF) und Tacrolimus eingegangen. Des Weiteren werden Grundprinzipien und Einflussfaktoren eines TDMs erläutert.
A Rare Case of a CSF Pseudocyst Mimicking a Complex Hepatic Cyst
Authors: Sharma Jatin , Al-Katib Sayf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) peritoneal pseudocysts are a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. They can manifest with symptoms of shunt malfunction or, more commonly, vague symptoms of abdominal discomfort such as pain or distention. The imaging features of peritoneal CSF pseudocysts may be nonspecific. In this case, we report a peritoneal CSF pseudocyst, which was initially mistaken for a complex hepatic cyst on both ultrasonography and MRI. The correct diagnosis was confirmed with a shuntogram and CT of the abdomen.
Self-reported health and the social body
Authors: Balaj Mirza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the strong predictive power of self-reported health (SRH) for prospective health and social outcomes has been established, researchers have been in a quest to build a theoretical understanding of this widely used health measure. Current literature based predominantly in a biomedical perspective asserts a linear relationship between physical conditions and perception of health. Discrepancies from this expected relationship are considered an important weakness of SRH. Systematic discrepancies between physical conditions and reporting of SRH have been documented across different socio-economic groups. Evidence identified for educational groups shows that for the same level of health status, lower-educated groups report poorer levels of perceived health. This raised doubts whether it is useful to use SRH to measure social inequalities in health within and between countries. To date, sociologists of health have not engaged in the discussion of reporting heterogeneity in SRH. After reviewing existing evidence, we contend that the discrepancy in SRH reporting across social groups argued to be a weakness of SRH as a health measure is a strength from a sociological perspective. SRH as asocial measure of healthis a better predictor than objective measures of health precisely because it captures the lived experience of the embodied agent.
Copula is an intuitive predicate of consciousness on fulfilment of knowing and judging acts
Authors: Pala Kiran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe recent investigations into knowledge and its elements viz facts, skills and objects have become prominent in various subfields of philosophy and other areas like linguistics, cognitive science, neuroscience and artificial intelligence. These investigations have been mainly on understanding the relation between the intentionality and its referential entities to know how they enrich knowledge with their existence. This article starts with an exploration of the fundamental aspects of judgemental sense from the knowledge origins perspective. To explain the consequences of this, I start with reconstructing the notion of categorial intuitions described in Husserl’s sixth Logical Investigations by relating it to ‘knowledge origination’ as an intuitive fulfilment of signifying acts. This offers a relation of perceptual synthesis, operating implicitly among the signifying intentions upon grasping intended objects, in view of language structures such as copulas. This leads to the synthesis of intuitive aspects mainly from the categorial elements for a judgemental sense or thinking and the attitude from the very sphere of perception. The tension between categorial intuitions is understood as foundational acts and founded acts. Husserl’s sixth Logical Investigation describes the notion of passive synthesis, the genesis of categoriality in every realm of sensibility that allows one to formulate the relational role among the ‘act of knowing’ and phenomenological approaches to the judgemental sense. Thus, the investigation focuses on perceptual judgements and categories, which fulfils the judgemental sense of categorial elements and attitude.
Differential object marking in P’orhépecha
Authors: Capistrán Garza Alejandra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes Differential Object Marking in P’orhépecha, which involves split case and fluid case
alternations. Although this system is sensitive to Animacy and Definiteness, I will show that prominence on these scales does not
account for the distribution of flagging. In fact, in P’orhépecha, the expected prominence effects of these scales are overridden
by certain grammatical properties of the NPs, which explains the obligatory vs. forbidden flagging. The fluid pattern is of
special interest, since even though there is evidence that flagging is used as a device to codify definiteness/specificity, higher
and lower ranked objects on the definiteness scale may be (un)flagged. This peculiar behavior is explained by two facts: (a)
definite/specific descriptions may, and in some instances must, be unflagged when the context of use guarantees the intended
referential interpretation of the NP; and (b) lower ranked objects may be flagged only when their referents exhibit discourse
salience.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of solution-processed single-wall carbon nanotube reinforced polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite synthesized via solution-cast method
Authors: Islam Muhammad Rakibul , Pias S M Nazmus Shakib , Alam Rabeya Binta , Khondaker Saiful I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol/surfactant-free single-walled carbon nanotube (PVA/SF-SWNT) nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile solution-cast technique. The effect of SF-SWNT on the structural, surface-morphological, mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite was studied. The surface morphology and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy demonstrate an increased degree of interaction between PVA and SF-SWNT resulting in improved mechanical strength of the nanocomposite. Incorporation of SF-SWNT was found to improve the DC electrical conductivity by almost five orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the effect of SWNT on the electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite was also studied. The PVA/SF-SWNT composite exhibits specific capacitance as high as 26.4 F g−1 at a current density 0.5 mA g−1, which is four times higher than that of PVA (6.1 F g−1). The impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals that the incorporation of SWNT reduces the charge transfer resistance of the nanocomposites resulting in better capacitive performance.
Accurate generation of attolitre droplets for directly printing gold nanoparticles from solution through confined reaction
Authors: Huang Yayu , Fang Fei , Chen Feifei , Cui Xian , Sun Jialin , Zhuang Daming , Wei Jinquan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Small droplets exist in nature widely and have attractive applications. Although there are some well-established techniques to produce small droplets, it is still a substantial challenge to generate and measure the volume of ultrafine droplets down to attolitres (aL) precisely. Here, we accurately generate ultrafine droplets in attolitre scale by an electrohydrodynamic jet method. By superimposing a low frequency pulse over a static electric field, the volumes of the ultrafine droplets are accurately controlled from 1 to 5 aL with the best accuracy of 0.3 aL and coefficient of variations less than 25%. Gold nanoparticles are deposited on substrate directly from the ultrafine droplets of HAuCl4/H2O solution through a confined reaction in a reducing environment. The gold nanoparticles exhibit highly sensitive and reproductive in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
DeepCDR: a hybrid graph convolutional network for predicting cancer drug response
Authors: Liu Qiao , Hu Zhiqiang , Jiang Rui , Zhou Mu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Accurate prediction of cancer drug response (CDR) is challenging due to the uncertainty of drug efficacy and heterogeneity of cancer patients. Strong evidences have implicated the high dependence of CDR on tumor genomic and transcriptomic profiles of individual patients. Precise identification of CDR is crucial in both guiding anti-cancer drug design and understanding cancer biology.

Results
In this study, we present DeepCDR which integrates multi-omics profiles of cancer cells and explores intrinsic chemical structures of drugs for predicting CDR. Specifically, DeepCDR is a hybrid graph convolutional network consisting of a uniform graph convolutional network and multiple subnetworks. Unlike prior studies modeling hand-crafted features of drugs, DeepCDR automatically learns the latent representation of topological structures among atoms and bonds of drugs. Extensive experiments showed that DeepCDR outperformed state-of-the-art methods in both classification and regression settings under various data settings. We also evaluated the contribution of different types of omics profiles for assessing drug response. Furthermore, we provided an exploratory strategy for identifying potential cancer-associated genes concerning specific cancer types. Our results highlighted the predictive power of DeepCDR and its potential translational value in guiding disease-specific drug design.

Availability and implementation
DeepCDR is freely available at https://github.com/kimmo1019/DeepCDR.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease influences neuropathology via multiple biological pathways
Authors: Hannon Eilis , Shireby Gemma L , Brookes Keeley , Attems Johannes , Sims Rebecca , Cairns Nigel J , Love Seth , Thomas Alan J , Morgan Kevin , Francis Paul T , Mill Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a highly heritable, common neurodegenerative disease characterized neuropathologically by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. In addition to the well-established risk associated with the APOE locus, there has been considerable success in identifying additional genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Major challenges in understanding how genetic risk influences the development of Alzheimer’s disease are clinical and neuropathological heterogeneity, and the high level of accompanying comorbidities. We report a multimodal analysis integrating longitudinal clinical and cognitive assessment with neuropathological data collected as part of the Brains for Dementia Research study to understand how genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease influence the development of neuropathology and clinical performance. Six hundred and ninety-three donors in the Brains for Dementia Research cohort with genetic data, semi-quantitative neuropathology measurements, cognitive assessments and established diagnostic criteria were included in this study. We tested the association of APOE genotype and Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score—a quantitative measure of genetic burden—with survival, four common neuropathological features in Alzheimer’s disease brains (neurofibrillary tangles, β-amyloid plaques, Lewy bodies and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 proteinopathy), clinical status (clinical dementia rating) and cognitive performance (Mini-Mental State Exam, Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The APOE ε4 allele was significantly associated with younger age of death in the Brains for Dementia Research cohort. Our analyses of neuropathology highlighted two independent pathways from APOE ε4, one where β-amyloid accumulation co-occurs with the development of tauopathy, and a second characterized by direct effects on tauopathy independent of β-amyloidosis. Although we also detected association between APOE ε4 and dementia status and cognitive performance, these were all mediated by tauopathy, highlighting that they are a consequence of the neuropathological changes. Analyses of polygenic risk score identified associations with tauopathy and β-amyloidosis, which appeared to have both shared and unique contributions, suggesting that different genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease affect different features of neuropathology to different degrees. Taken together, our results provide insight into how genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease influences both the clinical and pathological features of dementia, increasing our understanding about the interplay between APOE genotype and other genetic risk factors.
Antifungal Susceptibility Does Not Correlate With Fungal Clearance or Survival in AIDS-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: O’Connor Lucy , Van Anh Duong , Chau Tran Thi Hong , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Huong Lan Nguyen Phu , Wolbers Marcel , Day Jeremy N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigated the value of susceptibility testing in predicting response in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis using clinical isolates from a randomized controlled trial of antifungal treatment (amphotericin monotherapy, amphotericin with flucytosine, or amphotericin with fluconazole). We found no correlation between antifungal susceptibility and either early or late survival, or fungal clearance.
Circular RNA Sequencing of Maternal Platelets: A Novel Tool for the Identification of Pregnancy-Specific Biomarkers
Authors: Oudejans Cees , Manders Vera , Visser Allerdien , Keijser Remco , Min Naomi , Poutsma Ankie , Mulders Joyce , van den Berkmortel Tarah , Wigman Di-Jan , Blanken Britt , Jongejan Aldo , Pajkrt Eva , de Boer Marjon , Sistermans Erik A , Sie Daoud , Best Myron G , Würdinger Tom , Afink Gijs 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In the first trimester of pregnancy, the maternal platelet is directly involved in a positive feedback mechanism that facilitates invasion of the extravillous trophoblast into the maternal spiral arteries. Dysfunctional trophoblast invasion with defective deep placentation is primordial in the etiology of the “great obstetrical syndromes.”

Methods
In this proof-of-concept study, using transcriptome analysis of circular RNA (circRNA) following RNA sequencing of maternal platelets, we tested whether pregnancy-specific circRNA markers could be identified in the first trimester of normal pregnancies. Differential transcript expression analysis of circRNAs, as predicted by Accurate CircRNA Finder Suite, CircRNA Identifier (version 2), and Known and Novel Isoform Explorer, was done using thromboSeq.R with variation of multiple settings. Test performance was checked for (a) de novo circRNA identification using the novel platelet-specific Plt-circR4 as a positive control, (b) complete segregation of groups (pregnant vs nonpregnant) after heat map–dendrogram clustering, (c) identification of pregnancy-specific circRNA markers at a false discovery rate (FDR) &lt;0.05, and (d) confirmation of differentially expressed circRNA markers with an FDR &lt;0.05 by an independent method, reverse transcription–quantitative PCR.

Results
Of the differentially expressed circRNAs with P values &lt;0.05, 41 circRNAs were upregulated (logFC &gt;2), and 52 circRNAs were downregulated (logFC less than −2) in first-trimester platelet RNA. Of these, nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 circRNA covering exons 2 and 3 of the 5′-untranslated region was pregnancy specific with upregulation in first-trimester maternal platelets compared to nonpregnant controls.

Conclusion
CircRNA sequencing of first-trimester maternal platelets permits the identification of novel pregnancy-specific RNA biomarkers. Future use could include the assessment of maternal and fetal well-being.