bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Credit Hours to International Clinical Placements for Baccalaureate Nursing Programs
Authors: Watson Sherylyn M. , Ferrillo Heather , Cole Michelle A. , Yost Eileen T. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
As global learning programs gain momentum in nursing education, a variety of models have emerged. A typical experience consists of 1-week international immersion in which faculty, nursing students, and an interprofessional team deliver direct health care to impoverished communities. Our international clinical placements have been successful in providing rich learning experiences while applying clinical credit hours toward required courses in our baccalaureate nursing program.

Method:
The unique attributes of these international clinical placements include full integration into the curriculum, use of formative and summative clinical evaluations, participation across specialties and life span in one experience, an interprofessional practice setting, and consistent design and standards across programs.

Results:
By integrating the experiences into the curriculum and maximizing credit hours applied, the international experiences fulfill clinical placements and develop the students' personal and professional goals.

Conclusion:

These innovative strategies of international clinical placements have been successful in meeting student, program, and community needs.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2019;58(12):733–735.]
Humeral Retroversion and Participation Age in Professional Baseball Pitchers by Geographic Region
Authors: Thomas Stephen J. , Sheridan Scott , Reuther Katherine E. 
Published: December 2019

ContextBaseball is played around the world, including in North America and Latin America. The repetitive and stressful act of throwing can lead to adaptations such as increased humeral retroversion (HR) in the throwing arm. This adaptation is often considered beneficial as it allows more glenohumeral external rotation during the cocking phase of pitching without soft tissue stretching. Therefore, it is speculated that throwing should be started at a young age to capitalize on this adaptation. Interestingly, athletes in different geographic regions of the world often begin organized baseball at different ages. However, range of motion (ROM), HR, and the starting age of baseball have never been examined based on geographic region.ObjectiveTo determine if ROM, HR, and the starting age of baseball players differed between professional baseball pitchers from North America and Latin America.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingClinical setting.Patients or Other ParticipantsThirty professional pitchers (North American = 19, Latin American = 11) with no current injury or surgery in the previous 6 months.Main Outcome Measure(s)Both ROM and HR were measured in the dominant and nondominant shoulder of each participant. The starting age for baseball was self-reported.ResultsThe Latin American group had more dominant-arm HR (8.7°; P = .034), more nondominant-arm external rotation (5.3°; P = .049), and a trend toward more nondominant-arm HR (6.5°; P = .058), yet they started playing baseball at a later age (by 3.7 years; P = .021) compared with the North American group.ConclusionsLatin American players had greater HR but started playing baseball at an older age. These findings contradict current thinking that HR would be more pronounced if baseball was started at a younger age. Additional research is required to better understand HR and the genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors that contribute to its development.
The Effect of Trivalent Chromium Process on Al-Zn-In Pigments in Epoxy Primer on the Corrosion Protection of AA2024-T3
Authors: Wang Xi , Frankel G.S. 
Published: December 2019

Active metal pigments in metal-rich coatings are oxidized preferentially and provide sacrificial protection to more-noble metallic substrates. Al-rich primer (AlRP), which contains pigment particles made from an active aluminum alloy (Al-5Zn-0.02In), uses this mechanism to provide a chromate-free epoxy primer system. To address the high self-corrosion rate of active aluminum pigments, the active aluminum pigment particles are pretreated using trivalent chromium process (TCP). In this study, the effects of different TCP treatment times were evaluated, and coating protection properties were studied. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed in aerated 0.1 M NaCl solution for a TCP-treated bulk active aluminum alloy and for AA2024-T3. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the corrosion potential of the bulk active aluminum alloy is about 500 mV lower than that of AA2024-T3. Therefore, bulk active aluminum alloy is a candidate alloy for cathodic protection of AA2024-T3. In addition, the TCP treatment reduces the corrosion rate of the bulk active aluminum alloy by one order of magnitude. AlRP-coated AA2024-T3 panel samples were scribed and exposed in corrosion chambers, and the cross section of each coating was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping. The accelerated corrosion exposure results show that AlRP coatings containing TCP-treated particles provided better protection to the scribe than the one with bare pigment particles. The adhesion of the AlRPs based on pull-off adhesion tests was similar regardless of the TCP treatment time of the pigments, but the adhesion of AlRP was reduced in comparison to a neat epoxy coating.
The Effect of Ruthenium on the Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Nitric Acid Liquors
Authors: Whillock Guy O.H. , Summers Kim A. , Jackson Angela 
Published: December 2019

Nuclear reprocessing plant liquors resulting from the PUREX process contain ruthenium present as a mixture of nitrosyl complexes in nitric acid. Ruthenium is not corrosive toward stainless steels unless the conditions are sufficiently oxidizing to promote the decomposition of one or more of the nitrosyl complexes present, in which case the production of finely-divided RuO2occurs. In this work, the corrosive effect of RuO2coatings that were produced by the thermal decomposition of RuCl3is reported. The corrosion potential and corrosion rate of stainless steel were found to be significantly increased by the presence of RuO2coatings, and depended on the temperature, but did not depend on the amount of RuO2present provided above a threshold which was found to lie in the range 43 μg/cm2to 86 μg/cm2of RuO2. Corrosion potential measurements indicated that in hot 10 M nitric acid, the RuO2coatings formed by the thermal decomposition of RuCl3reproduced the effect of RuO2formed from the in situ oxidation of a tri-nitrato ruthenium compound. However, a stronger, but only short-term, effect was also found, which is attributed to an intermediate precursor of RuO2, considered likely to be RuO4. Two separate corrosion accelerating effects can therefore arise in ruthenium-bearing liquors.
Factors associated with poor self-reported function and quality of life in patients with end-stage knee or hip osteoarthritis immediately prior to total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Kocic Mirjana , Milenkovic Marina , Nikolic Dejan , Lazovic Milica , Grbic Rade , Colovic Hristina , Stojanovic Zorica 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe aim was to evaluate patients’ perception of function and physical and mental dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with end-stage knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) immediately prior to surgery and to identify the factors associated with the outcomes.Material and methodsThe study included 200 patients with end-stage OA (100 knee OA and 100 hip OA patients). Self-reported physical function was assessed using the Oxford Knee Score or Oxford Hip Score. Physical and mental dimensions of HRQoL were assessed using the physical and mental component summary scores of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors associated with self-reported function and physical and mental dimensions of HRQoL.ResultsEnd-stage knee or hip OA patients had poor function and physical dimension of HRQoL, while the mental dimension of HRQoL was not impaired. In knee OA, pain, flexion range of motion (ROM), catastrophizing, and anxiety were significantly associated with self-reported function (explained 56% of the variance), whereas catastrophizing explained 10% of the variance of the physical dimension of HRQoL. In hip OA, flexion ROM, catastrophizing and being employed were significantly associated with self-reported function (explained 44% of the variance), whereas catastrophizing and flexion ROM explained 34% of the variance of the physical dimension of HRQoL.ConclusionsMany investigated factors were associated with poor self-reported function and HRQoL in knee and hip OA. However, the most important factors for both knee and hip OA were catastrophizing and flexion ROM.
The efficacy of new oral contrast mixture for computed tomography enterography
Authors: Evrimler Şehnaz , Ocakoğlu Gökhan , Algin Oktay 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo show the reliabilities of the new mixture (composed of water, methylcellulose, lactulose, locust bean gum, and sorbitol) and to compare the luminal distension and radiological confidence scores of this solution with water-lactulose mixture.Material and methodsComputed tomography enterography (CTE) images in a three-year period were included randomly in our institutional review board-approved and retrospective study. Ninety-one patients drank a lactulose and water mixture (Group 1), and 54 patients drank the new mixture (Group 2). Patients who drank the oral contrast agent were taken to a 64-detector row multiple detector computed tomography machine. Coronal and sagittal reformatted images were also formed. The gastrointestinal tract was divided into 11 segments for scoring. Each segment was graded for distensional and radiological confidence. CTE images were evaluated by two radiologists.ResultsInter- and intra-reader reliabilities were good or excellent for all gastrointestinal segments in both groups (p < 0.001). The best κ values were obtained in sigmoid colon assessments. Lower agreement values were detected in duodenum and jejunum scores. The new mixture group (Group 2) showed better results than Group 1 for ileum and colonic segments according to distension and confidence scorings.ConclusionsInter- and intra-reader reliabilities of the new mixture were good or excellent for CTE. The new mixture seems to be more efficient and reliable for ileum and colon. The new mixture can increase bowel distention, radiological confidence, and quality in CTE evaluations.
Perianal fistula imaging: a comparison between two-channel superficial Flex coil and eight-channel body coil
Authors: Akyel Nazlı Gülsüm , Akın Kayıhan , Kösehan Dilek , Köktener Aslı 
Published: December 2019

PurposePerianal fistula is an important health problem with devastating morbidity. For diagnosis and prevention
of recurrence, perianal fistula imaging (PFI) is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate if a Flex-M superficial coil images would provide more information than images obtained with a phased-array body coil in PFI.Material and methodsThirty-one fistulas of 29 patients were prospectively evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. A phased-array body coil was used in all patients as in routine practice, and sequences with Flex-M coil were also obtained. Afterwards, images were evaluated by two experienced radiologists who were blinded to the patients, coil and also to each other. The site of internal and external openings, and presence or absence of abscess and secondary tracts were recorded.ResultsThe conspicuity of images was better with the Flex-M coil. Both radiologists saw more internal openings with the Flex-M coil. Cohen’s κ value was 0.100 (p = 0.201) for Reader 1 and 0.110 (p = 0.361) for Reader 2 between these two coils. Additionally, numerically more internal/external openings and secondary tracts were seen by both readers. Interobserver variability was not statistically significant, and Cohen’s κ values signifyied good concordance between readers.ConclusionsIn our study we showed that multichannel superficial phased-array coils improved imaging quality in PFI. We think that Flex-M coil can easily be used in routine clinical practice to gather better images of perianal fistulas.
How high is the inter-observer reproducibility in the LIRADS reporting system?
Authors: Sevim Sezgin , Dicle Oğuz , Gezer Naciye S. , Barış Mustafa M. , Altay Canan , Akın Işıl Başara 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo investigate the reproducibility of LIRADS v2014 and contribute to its widespread use in clinical practice.Material and methodsThis retrospective, single-centre study was conducted between January 2010 and October 2015. A total of 132 patients who had dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT) images in the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) with liver nodule were included in the study, 37 of whom had histopathology results. Five radiologists who participated in the study, interpreted liver nodules independently on different PACS stations according to the LIRADS reporting system and its main parameters.ResultsWe determined that level of inter-observer agreement in the LR-1, LR-5, and LR-5V categories was higher than in the LR-2, LR-3, and LR-4 categories (κ = 0.522, 0.442, and 0.600 in the LR-1, LR-5, and LR-5V categories, respectively; κ = 0.082, 0.298, and 0.143 in the LR-2, LR-3, and LR-4 categories, respectively). The parameter that we observed to have the highest level of inter-observer agreement was venous thrombus (κ = 0.600).ConclusionsOur study showed that LIRADS achieves an acceptable inter-observer reproducibility in terms of clinical practice although it is insufficient at intermediate risk levels. We think that the prevalence of its use will be further increased with training related to the subject and the assignment of numerical values that express the probability of malignancy for each category and including the ancillary features in the algorithm according to clearer rules.
Evaluation of spinal-paraspinal parameters to determine segmentation of the vertebrae
Authors: Peker Elif , Hürsoy Nur , Akkaya Habip E. , Ünal Sena , Gülpınar Başak , Arıkan Bilgesu , Anamurluoğlu Ezgi , Erden İlhan M. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeWe aimed to evaluate whether lumbar vertebrae can be correctly numbered using auxiliary parameters.Material and methodsVertebra corpus shape, O’Driscoll classification, lumbosacral axis angle, last two square vertebra dimensions, orifice of right renal artery (RRA), orifice of celiac truncus (CT), orifice of superior mesenteric artery (SMA), vena cava inferior confluence (CVC), abdominal aorta bifurcation (AB), and iliolumbar ligament were evaluated in this study.ResultsLumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) were observed in 13 (9%) patients. The most common locations of the paraspinal parameters were: RRA: L1 vertebrae (45%), SMA: L1 vertebrae (66%), CT: T12 vertebrae (46%), AB: L4 vertebrae (63%), and CVC: L4 vertebrae (52%).ConclusionsAccording to the results of our study, no single parameter in the magnetic resonance imaging can accurately indicate the number of vertebrae without counting the levels. As a result, we believe that these parameters may be suspicious in terms of the presence of LSTV rather than the correct level.
Effects of water-soluble organic carbon on aerosol pH
Authors: Battaglia Jr. Michael A. , Weber Rodney J. , Nenes Athanasios , Hennigan Christopher J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a ubiquitous and significant fraction
of fine particulate matter. Despite advances in aerosol thermodynamic
equilibrium models, there is limited understanding on the comprehensive
impacts of WSOC on aerosol acidity (pH). We address this limitation by
studying submicron aerosols that represent the two extremes in acidity levels
found in the atmosphere: strongly acidic aerosol from Baltimore, MD, and
weakly acidic conditions characteristic of Beijing, China. These cases are
then used to construct mixed inorganic–organic single-phase aqueous
particles and thermodynamically analyzed by the Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model (E-AIM) and ISORROPIA models
in combination with activity coefficient model AIOMFAC (Aerosol Inorganic–Organic
Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficient) to evaluate the
effects of WSOC on the H+ ion activity coefficients (γH+)
and activity (pH). We find that addition of organic acids and nonacid
organic species concurrently increases γH+ and aerosol liquid
water. Under the highly acidic conditions typical of the eastern US
(inorganic-only pH ∼1), these effects mostly offset each
other, giving pH changes of < 0.5 pH units even at organic aerosol
dry mass fractions in excess of 60 %. Under conditions with weaker acidity
typical of Beijing (inorganic-only pH ∼4.5), the nonacidic
WSOC compounds had similarly minor effects on aerosol pH, but organic acids
imparted the largest changes in pH compared to the inorganic-only
simulations. Organic acids affect pH in the order of their pKa values
(oxalic acid > malonic acid > glutaric acid). Although
the inorganic-only pH was above the pKa value of all three organic
acids investigated, pH changes in excess of 1 pH unit were only observed at
unrealistic organic acid levels (aerosol organic acid concentrations
> 35 µg m−3) in Beijing. The model simulations were
run at 70 %, 80 %, and 90 % relative humidity (RH) levels and the
effect of WSOC was inversely related to RH. At 90 % RH, WSOC altered
aerosol pH by up to ∼0.2 pH units, though the effect was up
to ∼0.6 pH units at 70 % RH. The somewhat offsetting nature
of these effects suggests that aerosol pH is sufficiently constrained by the
inorganic constituents alone under conditions where liquid–liquid phase
separation is not anticipated to occur.
Benthic foraminifera indicate Glacial North Pacific Intermediate Water and reduced primary productivity over Bowers Ridge, Bering Sea, since the Mid-Brunhes Transition
Authors: Kender Sev , Aturamu Adeyinka , Zalasiewicz Jan , Kaminski Michael A. , Williams Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The Mid-Brunhes Transition (MBT) saw an increase in the
amplitude of glacial cycles expressed in ice core and deep ocean records
from about 400 ka, but its influence on high-latitude climates is not fully
understood. The Arctic Ocean is thought to have warmed and exhibited reduced
sea ice, but little is known of sea ice marginal locations such as the
Bering Sea. The Bering Sea is the link between the Arctic and Pacific
Ocean and is an area of high productivity and CO2 ventilation; it
hosts a pronounced oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and is thought to be the
location of Glacial North Pacific Intermediate Water (GNPIW) formation in
the Pleistocene. To understand palaeoceanographic change in the region, we
analysed benthic foraminiferal faunas from Bowers Ridge (Site U1342, 800 m
of water depth) over the past 600 kyr, as they are uniquely well preserved and
sensitive to changes in deep and surface ocean conditions. We identified and
imaged 71 taxa and provide a full taxonomy. Foraminiferal preservation is
markedly higher during glacials, indicating the presence of less corrosive
GNPIW. The most abundant species are Bulimina exilis, Takayanagia delicata, Alabaminella weddellensis, Gyroidina sp. 2, Cassidulina laevigata, Islandiella norcrossi, and Uvigerina bifurcata, consistent with
broadly high net primary production throughout the last 600 kyr.
Correspondence analysis shows that the most significant Assemblage 1 comprises
B. exilis, T. delicata, Bolivina spissa, and Brizalina, which occur sporadically within intervals of laminated,
biogenic-rich sediment, mostly during glacials and also some deglacials, and
are interpreted as indicating very high productivity. Other assemblages
contain the phytodetritivore species A. weddellensis, I. norcrossi, and C. laevigata, indicative of seasonal
phytoplankton blooms. Before the MBT, more numerous intervals of the very
high-productivity Assemblage 1 and A. weddellensis occur, which we suggest reflect a time of
more sea-ice-related seasonal stratification and ice edge blooms. Our
inference of a decrease in sea ice meltwater stratification influence in the
central Bering Sea after the MBT is consistent with records showing that the
Arctic and Pacific Ocean warmed during glacials and suggests that high-latitude
productivity and sea ice changes were an important feature of this climate
event.
First reported case of thunderstorm asthma in Israel
Authors: Yair Yoav , Yair Yifat , Rubin Baruch , Confino-Cohen Ronit , Rosman Yosef , Shachar Eduardo , Rottem Menachem 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We report on the first recorded case of thunderstorm asthma in Israel, which
occurred during an exceptionally strong eastern Mediterranean multicell
thunderstorm on 25 October 2015. The storms were accompanied by intensive
lightning activity, severe hail, downbursts and strong winds followed by
intense rain. It was the strongest lightning-producing storm ever recorded by
the Israeli Lightning Detection Network (ILDN) since it began operations
in 1997. After the passage of the gust front and the ensuing increase in
particle concentrations, documented by air-quality sensors, the hospital
emergency room (ER) presentation records from three hospitals – two in the
direct route of the storm (Meir Medical Center in Kfar Saba and Ha'Emek in
Afula) and the other just west of its ground track (Rambam Medical Center in
Haifa) – showed that the amount of presentation of patients with respiratory
problems in the hours immediately following the storm increased compared with
the average numbers in the days before. This pattern is in line with that
reported by Thien et al. (2018) for the massive thunderstorm asthma epidemic
in Melbourne, Australia. The increase in patient presentations to the
emergency rooms persisted for an additional 48–72 h before going back to
normal values, indicating that it was likely related to the multi-cell
outflow. We discuss how the likelihood of incidence of such public health
events associated with thunderstorms will be affected by global trends in
lightning occurrence.
Música Eletroacústica Experimental
Authors: Fritsch Eloy Fernando , Lumertz Daniel , Deitos Diego 
Published: December 2019

A música realizada através de interfaces gestuais vem recebendo destaque nos últimos anos e trazendo novas possibilidades criativas para a comunidade musical. A utilização de sistemas desenvolvidos para interpretar gestos musicais através de interfaces gestuais já é uma realidade entre compositores contemporâneos. Os novos instrumentos já podem ser pensados e projetados livremente de acordo com as necessidades artísticas. Em consonância com essa realidade este texto expõe uma breve introdução ao tema e apresenta três estudos de caso sobre sistemas musicais projetados para composição e performance eletroacústica em tempo real utilizando diferentes interfaces gestuais. As metodologias usadas na criação dos sistemas e composições resultantes “Just Walking” para sistema ReactMotion, “Tempo Translúcido” para Kinect e sistema de projeção sonora multicanal e “Pendulun” para computador e Theremini são comentadas e analisadas pelos autores.