bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic output feedback control of delayed linear parameter varying systems with piecewise constant parameters: A clock‐dependent L–K approach
Authors: Zakwan Muhammad , Ahmed Saeed , Bajcinca Naim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a new clock‐dependent gain‐scheduled dynamic output feedback controller for delayed linear parameter varying systems with piecewise constant parameters. The proposed controller guarantees ‐performance. By employing a clock‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a sufficient condition for the existence of the controller is provided in terms of clock‐ and parameter‐dependent linear matrix inequalities. A case study on output feedback control of delayed switched systems is also provided. To illustrate the efficacy of the result, it is applied to a practical VTOL helicopter model.
The Politics of Affect in Literacy Research
Authors: Patel Leigh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis commentary draws from the long‐standing history of affect in textual practices, particularly those from and within Black, Indigenous, and transnational feminist traditions to read across three empirical articles for this special issue of Reading Research Quarterly: Jocson and Dixon‐Román; Lee, Falter, and Schoonover; and Perry.
The Felt‐Force of Literacy
Authors: Hollett Ty 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, the author brings together three articles in Reading Research Quarterly’s special issue on affect theory—Nichols and Coleman; Garcia, Guggenheim, Stamatis, and Dalton; and Burnett and Merchant—under the overarching concepts of atmosphere and mobile architecture. How does one describe the felt‐force of right now, of masks‐ventilators‐fear‐abundanceofcaution‐distance‐anxiety‐Zoom‐school‐Ahmaud‐George‐Breonna‐fire‐rage‐murder‐police?
Preparation and Characterization of Surface‐Modified Tapioca Starches and their Adsorption toward Linalool
Authors: Shaari Syuzeliana , Utra Uthumporn , Samsudin Hayati 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurface‐modified tapioca starch is produced via alcohol/alkali pre‐treatment, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (using STARGEN 002 enzyme). The effects of alkali and alcohol pre‐treatments on tapioca starch are analyzed in terms of fat and protein content, degree of hydrolysis, morphology properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal properties, and adsorption of linalool. The alkali and the alcohol pre‐treatments are able to significantly decrease the fat content of tapioca starch by 94–95% and the protein content by 12.5–50%. After 24 h of hydrolysis, dextrose equivalent (DE) value is significantly increased for the alkali‐enzyme hydrolysis (87.54%), and the alcohol‐enzyme hydrolysis (61.45%) as compared to the enzyme hydrolysis (56.23%), and the native starch (0.44%). The chemical‐enzyme hydrolysis increased the wavenumber ratio value 1047 cm−1/1022 cm−1 (WR1047/1022) values from 1.12–1.47 cm–1/cm–1, as well as the degree of crystallinity but, does not alter the X‐ray diffraction pattern. The alcohol‐enzyme hydrolysis starch showed the highest adsorption efficiency toward linalool (44.94%) due to its deep surface erosion and porous structures, as shown by the SEM results. The alcohol‐enzyme hydrolysis starch is found to be a suitable carrier material for linalool.
Comprehensive fracture tests of concrete for the determination of mechanical fracture parameters
Authors: Lehký David , Kucharczyková Barbara , Šimonová Hana , Daněk Petr 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvanced experimental evaluation of the mechanical fracture properties of quasi‐brittle materials is an important part of the design, assessment, and computational modeling of structures made of these materials. The aim is to determine parameters independent of the test configuration or the size of the test specimens. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental program which is part of the development of a comprehensive multilevel approach for experimental–computational determination of the mechanical fracture parameters of concrete. Three‐point bending and wedge‐splitting tests were performed simultaneously using three different geometrically similar specimen sizes and two well‐separated depths of initial notches. Before the start of the main testing program, the pilot tests that were performed were aimed at the design of the most appropriate concrete mixture. Special attention was paid to the selection of a maximum aggregate grain size. In order to study the process of concrete aging and the development of its mechanical properties, the accompanying destructive and non‐destructive tests were carried out at different ages of hardening. Fracture parameters were evaluated using the effective crack‐length formulation and work‐of‐fracture method. Finally, the size‐independent specific fracture energy was back‐calculated from the measured specific fracture energy.
Nootkatone improves anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior by targeting hyperammonemia‐induced oxidative stress in D‐galactosamine model of liver injury
Authors: Yan Tingxu , Li Fuyuan , Xiong Weilin , Wu Bo , Xiao Feng , He Bosai , Jia Ying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute or chronic liver injury is closely related to hyperammonemia, which will result in oxidative stress and damage to nerve cells, and these factors are vital to the development of anxiety and depression. In this study, the effect of Nootkatone (NKT) on the anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavioral changes in mice induced by liver injury was investigated. Liver injury was induced by D‐galactosamine (D‐GalN; 350 mg/kg) three times a week for 4 weeks. NKT (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) was given as co‐treatment daily for 4 weeks. NKT (5 mg/kg) co‐treatment remarkably ameliorates D‐GalN‐induced anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors as evident from the results of sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and novelty suppressed feeding test. Results showed that NKT could induce an elevation in serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase level, alleviate the oxidative stress induced by hyperammonemia through activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathways, decrease the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NOX2 in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, enhance the vitality of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels in serum, liver, and brain, and significantly reduce the generation of malondialdehyde. At the same time, NKT also reduces the level of ammonia in serum and brain and upgrades the activity of glutamine synthetase in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Taken together, the present results suggested that NKT has a significant antidepressant effect through modulation of oxidative stress induced by D‐GalN administration.
Study of oil free scroll vacuum pump characteristics
Authors: Tyurin Alexey V. , Burmistrov Aleksey V. , Salikeev Sergey I. , Raykov Alexey A. , Fomina Marina G. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryTo verify the mathematical model of a scroll vacuum pump working process, an experimental unit for obtaining indicator diagrams was developed. The pump was modified to install gauges to measure quick‐varying pressures in the working chambers of the pump at different operating modes. The dependence of pressure on the rotation angle of the drive shaft at different inlet pressures is obtained. Comparison of experimental and calculated data shows convergence within 15 %.
A Comparison of 2 Methods to Deter Fish Crows from Depredating Seabird Eggs
Authors: Forys Elizabeth A. , Campo Jo A. , Silva Elisa , Douglass Nancy J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTFish crows (Corvus ossifragus) can be important seabird egg predators. In southwestern Florida, USA, crows were previously documented as causing the abandonment of black skimmer (Rynchops niger) colonies. While lethal crow control might be the most effective strategy, there are ethical and practical concerns about corvid control in an urban setting. Illness‐induced aversion to egg eating (conditioned taste aversion) is an alternative that has the potential for decreasing corvid depredation of seabird eggs. In addition, conditioned stimulus aversion using nonlethal shocks on corvids taking electrified eggs might also be effective. We tested conditioned taste aversion using quail eggs injected with carbachol (emetic eggs) at 3 black skimmer colonies during the 2016 breeding season. We tested conditioned stimulus aversion using electrified quail eggs at the same colonies during the 2017 breeding season. We compared the number of skimmer eggs in a colony depredated by crows before and after a 10‐day treatment. Both methods of treatment significantly decreased the number of skimmer eggs depredated by crows and were relatively inexpensive to conduct. In urban settings, electrified eggs are the safer option as many of the crows took the emetic eggs, but did not consume them while near the colony, potentially exposing non‐target species to a toxicant. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Environmental Management at Sea: What Being ‘Green’ Means for Seafarers
Authors: Akamangwa Ngwatung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this chapter the practice of complying with pollution regulations at sea is examined in relation to how work on board ships is affected. The central argument made is that while seafarers mostly perceive pro-environmental practices as morally correct and therefore worthwhile, a number of them believe that being ‘green’ makes great demands on their time and upon the quality of work and life on board the ship.
Trade Union Representation in the Philippines
Authors: Buiser Ralph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses the various characteristics of maritime trade unions in the Philippines within the wider context of the history of the country’s industrial relations and labour movement. The main historical focal points in the country’s labour environment and how these shaped industrial relations today is introduced in the first section. In the second section the development of seafarers’ representation in the country and the profile of their trade unions in the context of the country’s labour history is discussed. The final section concludes with a discussion of the trends and challenges faced by unions representing Filipino seafarers today.
Iran’s Syria Strategy: The Evolution of Deterrence
Authors: Ahmadian Hassan , Mohseni Payam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIran has been a critical player in the Syrian war since 2011, crafting a complex foreign policy and military strategy to preserve its Syrian ally. What have been the drivers of Iranian decision-making in this conflict? And how has Iranian strategy evolved over the course of the war? This chapter argues that the logic of deterrence has been fundamental not just for shaping the contours of Iran–Syria relations since the Islamic Revolution of 1979, but also for determining the overall trajectory of Iranian strategy in the Syrian war. The authors outline Iran’s decision-making calculus and divide the country’s strategy on Syria after the Arab Spring into four primary phases: (1) a ‘Basij’ strategy to establish local militias in Syria; (2) a regionalization strategy to incorporate transnational fighters and militias in the war effort; (3) an internationalization strategy to incorporate Russia and balance the United States; and (4) a post-ISIS deterrence strategy to balance against the United States, Turkey and Israel. Iran’s Syria strategy progressively escalated in response to the possible defeat of its ally and the deterioration of its forward deterrence capacities against the United States and Israel. Today, the potential for direct inter-state conflict is rising as proxy warfare declines and Iran attempts to maintain the credibility of its forward deterrence.
Deterrence, Resilience, and the Shooting Down of Flight MH17
Authors: van Doorn Cees , Brinkel Theo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRussian disinformation has thus far proven to be unconvincing for most Dutch target audiences. This is the conclusion of the present chapter. Information and disinformation have become effective weapons in international politics. This is part of a development where the weapons and concepts used in deterrence strategies have moved away from the military domain toward the political, economic, humanitarian, and communicative ones. In western literature, this is called hybrid warfare. In recent literature on hybrid warfare, resilience is often considered a key theme which may boost deterrence against hybrid activities and/or lower their impact. Most research on resilience and security is focused on infrastructure and resource planning. In this chapter, however, we attempt to ascertain how the existence of resilience in society can be observed. By looking at the case of the Dutch reaction to the shooting down of flight MH17, we hope to illustrate how resilience works in deterrence to hybrid warfare. We try to establish how subversive Russian activities were taking place and what measures were taken by the Netherlands government in order to counteract them. We monitored societal resilience by looking for the presence of trust, social capital, and credible narratives in reaction to disinformation activities after a disruptive event. All these elements appeared to be present in the MH17 case. Overall, we conclude, the handling of the MH17 case has reinforced deterrence.
Spiders in space—orb-web-related behaviour in zero gravity
Authors: Zschokke Samuel , Countryman Stefanie , Cushing Paula E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGravity is very important for many organisms, including web-building spiders. Probably the best approach to study the relevance of gravity on organisms is to bring them to the International Space Station. Here, we describe the results of such an experiment where two juvenile Trichonephila clavipes (L.) (Araneae, Nephilidae) spiders were observed over a 2-month period in zero gravity and two control spiders under otherwise identical conditions on Earth. During that time, the spiders and their webs were photographed every 5 min. Under natural conditions, Trichonephila spiders build asymmetric webs with the hub near the upper edge of the web, and they always orient themselves downwards when sitting on the hub whilst waiting for prey. As these asymmetries are considered to be linked to gravity, we expected the spiders experiencing no gravity to build symmetric webs and to show a random orientation when sitting on the hub. We found that most, but not all, webs built in zero gravity were indeed quite symmetric. Closer analysis revealed that webs built when the lights were on were more asymmetric (with the hub near the lights) than webs built when the lights were off. In addition, spiders showed a random orientation when the lights were off but faced away from the lights when they were on. We conclude that in the absence of gravity, the direction of light can serve as an orientation guide for spiders during web building and when waiting for prey on the hub.
Monoid Properties as Invariants of Toposes of Monoid Actions
Authors: Hemelaer Jens , Rogers Morgan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe systematically investigate, for a monoidM, how topos-theoretic properties of$${{\,\mathrm{\mathbf {PSh}}\,}}(M)$$PSh(M), including the properties of being atomic, strongly compact, local, totally connected or cohesive, correspond to semigroup-theoretic properties ofM.
Who Cares If You Vote? Partisan Pressure and Social Norms of Voting
Authors: Fieldhouse Edward , Cutts David , Bailey Jack 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial norms are important in explaining why people vote, but where do those norms come from and is social pressure motivated by partisanship? In this article, we use political discussion network data to examine the role of party identification in shaping the relationship between injunctive norms, civic duty and voter turnout. More specifically, we examine the extent to which both the application of injunctive norms and their impact on turnout is affected by shared partisan identification. We find that citizens are more likely to perceive normative pressure to vote from fellow partisans, a phenomenon we refer to as “partisan pressure”. However we do not find consistent evidence for the hypothesis that turnout is more closely related to the approval or disapproval of discussants who share a partisanship. By separating the role of social pressure from that of normative beliefs we also demonstrate that injunctive norms affect voter turnout both directly and indirectly by increasing civic duty.
Exercise Addiction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: an International Study Confirming the Need for Considering Passion and Perfectionism
Authors: de la Vega Ricardo , Almendros Lucia Jiménez , Barquín Roberto Ruíz , Boros Szilvia , Demetrovics Zsolt , Szabo Attila 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVarious levels of lockdown due to COVID-19 limit people’s habitual physical activity. Individuals addicted to exercise, health-oriented, and team-exercisers could be the most affected. We examined the COVID-19-related changes in exercise volume in 1079 exercisers from eight Spanish-speaking nations based on exercise addiction categories, primary reasons for exercise, and forms of exercise. The COVID-19-related decrease in exercise volume was 49.24% in the sample. The proportion of the risk of exercise addiction was 15.2%. Most (81.7%) of the participants exercised for a health-related reason. These exercisers reported lesser decrease in their exercise volume than those exercising for social reasons. The risk of exercise addiction was inversely related to changes in exercise volume, but after controlling for passion and perfectionism the relationship vanished. The reported effect of COVID-19 on training did not differ between the exercise addiction groups. The findings also confirm that exercise addiction research should control for passion and perfectionism.
Kinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern als heterogene Zielgruppe
Authors: Pfeifer Lydia 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kinder, die mit einem psychisch erkrankten Elternteil aufwachsen, unterliegen einer erhöhten Wahrscheinlichkeit selbst psychisch zu erkranken. Der Gestaltung präventiver Interventionen für diese Zielgruppe liegt meist keine differenzielle Perspektive zugrunde.

Ziel der Studie
Ziel der Studie ist die differenzierte Darstellung einzelner Fälle aus der Gruppe „Kinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern“. Dies soll einen Beitrag zur Gestaltung passgenauer Interventionsmaßnahmen leisten.

Material und Methoden
Vier Kinder wurden mit dem Fragebogen zu Ressourcen im Kindes- und Jugendalter sowie per Leitfadeninterview befragt. Zudem wurden die Anmeldebögen zu einer Intervention ausgewertet. Diese Daten wurden im Rahmen einer vergleichenden Fallstudie zueinander in Bezug gesetzt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Das Zusammenleben mit einem alleinerziehenden psychisch erkrankten Elternteil kann für Kinder besonders belastend sein. Praktische Unterstützung im Alltag der Familie oder der Beziehungsaufbau zu einer psychisch gesunden Bezugsperson könnte die Kinder entlasten. Die Tabuisierung der elterlichen Erkrankung kann sich nachteilig auf die gesunde psychische Entwicklung von Kindern auswirken, was in psychoedukativen Interventionen für die ganze Familie verändert werden kann, indem offen über die Erkrankung gesprochen wird. Kompensiert das familiäre System die elterliche Erkrankung, sind gegebenenfalls auch die Kinder wenig beeinträchtigt und möglicherweise benötigen sie keine Unterstützung. Kumulieren viele Risikofaktoren, sollte eine Intervention für diese hoch belasteten Kinder auch den Abbau von Risikofaktoren anstreben. Folglich ist beim Zuweisen zu präventiven Interventionen auf die Heterogenität der Zielgruppe im Hinblick auf Risikofaktoren und Ressourcen zu achten.
How context specific is teachers’ analysis of how representations are dealt with in classroom situations? Approaching a context-aware measure for teacher noticing
Authors: Friesen Marita Eva , Kuntze Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough raised in the early days of research on teacher noticing, the question of context specificity has remained largely unanswered to this day. In this study, we build on our prior research on a specific aspect of noticing, namely teachers’ analysis of how representations are dealt with in mathematics classroom situations. For the purpose of such analysis, we examined the role of context on the levels of mathematical content area and classroom situation. Using a vignette-based test instrument with 12 classroom situations from the content areas of fractions and functions, we investigated how teachers’ analyses regarding the use of representations are related concerning these two mathematical content areas. Beyond content areas, we were interested in the question of whether an overarching unidimensional competence construct can be inferred from the participants’ analyses of the different individual classroom situations. The 12 vignettes were analysed by N = 175 secondary mathematics teachers with different degrees of teaching experience and their written answers provided the data for this study. Our findings show that the data fit the Rasch model and that all classroom situations contributed in a meaningful way to the competence under investigation. There was no significant effect of the mathematical content area on the participants’ analyses regarding the use of multiple representations. The results of the study indicate that explicitly considering questions of context can strengthen research into teacher noticing.
Design for Recycling Principles Applicable to Selected Clean Energy Technologies: Crystalline-Silicon Photovoltaic Modules, Electric Vehicle Batteries, and Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Norgren Alex , Carpenter Alberta , Heath Garvin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The global growth of clean energy technology deployment will be followed by parallel growth in end-of-life (EOL) products, bringing both challenges and opportunities. Cumulatively, by 2050, estimates project 78 million tonnes of raw materials embodied in the mass of EOL photovoltaic (PV) modules, 12 billion tonnes of wind turbine blades, and by 2030, 11 million tonnes of lithium-ion batteries. Owing partly to concern that the projected growth of these technologies could become constrained by raw material availability, processes for recycling them at EOL continue to be developed. However, none of these technologies are typically designed with recycling in mind, and all of them present challenges to efficient recycling. This article synthesizes and extends design for recycling (DfR) principles based on a review of published industrial and academic best practices as well as consultation with experts in the field. Specific principles developed herein apply to crystalline-silicon PV modules, batteries like those used in electric vehicles, and wind turbine blades, while a set of broader principles applies to all three of these technologies and potentially others. These principles are meant to be useful for stakeholders—such as research and development managers, analysts, and policymakers—in informing and promoting decisions that facilitate DfR and, ultimately, increase recycling rates as a way to enhance the circularity of the clean energy economy. The article also discusses some commercial implications of DfR.

Graphical Abstract