bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edentulous mandible with four splinted interforaminal implants exposed to three different situations of trauma: A preliminary three‐dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Krennmair Stefan , Hunger Stefan , Postl Lukas , Winterhalder Philipp , Holberg Svenia , Malek Michael , Rudzki Ingrid , Holberg Christof 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/AimAn increasing number of elderly patients with implant‐prosthodontic rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible frequently show increased life activity, and consequently, a greater number of aged patients is at risk for maxillofacial trauma. The aim of this 3‐dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of the edentulous mandible (EM) with and without four splinted interforaminal implants exposed to three different trauma applications including assessment of different mandibular fracture risk areas.Materials and MethodsIn a 3D‐FEA study design, EM with and without four splinted interforaminal implants were exposed to the application of 1000 N at the symphyseal, parasymphyseal, and mandibular angle region. On four pre‐defined superficial cortical mandibular areas (symphysis region, mental foramen region, angle of mandible, and mandibular neck) representing regions of interest (ROI), the von Mises stresses were measured for the three trauma applications. For all ROIs, stress values were evaluated and compared for the different force application sites as well as between EM models with and without interforaminal implants.ResultsFor EM with and without four splinted interformaninal implants, all traumatic loads generated the highest stress levels at the mandibular neck region. However, in the EM with four splinted interforaminal implants, an anterior symphyseal force application generated significantly (P < .01) increased stress values in the parasymphyseal (mental foramen) region than in EM without implants. For force applications at the parasymphaseal region (mental foramen) and at the angle of the mandible elevated, von Mises stress values were noted directly at the application sites without difference between edentulous mandibles with and without four interforaminal implants.ConclusionIn an edentulous mandible model with four splinted interforaminal implants, the condylar neck and the mental foramen represent the predilectional risk areas for mandibular fracture for both anterior symphyseal and lateral parasymphyseal force application.
Clinical management of woman with bleeding disorders: A survey among European haemophilia treatment centres
Authors: van Galen Karin P. M. , Lavin Michelle , Skouw‐Rasmussen Naja , Ivanova Eva , Mauser‐Bunschoten Eveline , Punt Marieke , Romana Gerychová , Elfvinge Petra , D'Oiron Roseline , Abdul‐Kadir Rezan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of bleeding for women with bleeding disorders (WBD) is of increasing focus and importance. Despite this, optimal management strategies are unclear and knowledge gaps persist.AimTo examine practices and define research priorities on diagnosis and management of WBD in Europe.MethodsAn electronic survey on clinical management of WBD was sent to 136 European haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs), including open questions on knowledge gaps and research priorities.ResultsFifty‐nine HTCs from 12 Western (WE) and 13 Central/Eastern European (CEE) countries completed the survey. Less than half runs a joint clinic (24 HTCs, 42%). Most centres without a joint clinic have a named obstetrician (81%) and/or gynaecologist (75%) available for collaboration. Overall 18/54 (33%) European HTCs do not offer preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Third trimester amniocentesis to guide obstetric management is available 28/54 HTCs (52%), less frequent in CEE compared to WE countries (5/17 vs 23/37, P = .03). 53% of HTCs (28/53) reported that only 0%‐25% of WBD seek medical advice for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). An algorithm managing acute HMB in WBD is lacking in 22/53 (42%) HTCs. The main reported knowledge and research gaps are lack of awareness & education on WBD among patients and caregivers, optimal diagnostic strategies and effective multidisciplinary management of pregnancy & HMB.ConclusionJoint clinics, prenatal diagnostics and algorithms for managing acute HMB are lacking in many European HTCs. HMB may be an underestimated issue. This survey highlights the need to prioritize improvement of knowledge and patient care for WBD across Europe.
Paediatric obesity and brain functioning: The role of physical activity—A novel and important expert opinion of the European Childhood Obesity Group
Authors: Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Reilly John , Ortega Francisco B. , Matusik Pawel , Mazur Artur , Erhardt Eva , Forslund Anders , Vlachopapadopoulou Elpis Athina , Caroli Margherita , Boyland Emma , Weghuber Daniel , Thivel David 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWhile most of the time unconsidered, child and adolescent obesity has been also associated with impaired brain health and function that can definitely affect their social interaction and integration, and then well‐being and mental health. The European Childhood Obesity Group recently gathered experts in the field who discussed the main available and reliable evidence regarding the role of physical activity on brain health and cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with obesity and who propose here their main conclusions and recommendations.
Island area, not isolation, drives taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of ants on land‐bridge islands
Authors: Zhao Yuhao , Dunn Robert R. , Zhou Haonan , Si Xingfeng , Ding Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the impact of island area and isolation on multiple dimensions of ant biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity) and the underlying processes of community assembly on islands.LocationThousand Island Lake, Zhejiang, China, created by dam construction in 1959.TaxonAnts.MethodsWe sampled ants on 33 islands, built a species‐level phylogenetic tree and measured five morphological traits of all species collected to estimate taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. We used multiple linear regression models and null models to examine the relationships between diversity metrics and island variables (area and isolation).ResultsWe recorded 97 ant species on the study islands. We verified positive diversity–area relationships for species richness, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. However, although functional and phylogenetic community structure were indistinguishable from random communities, phylogenetic structure tended to be clustered, whereas functional structure tended to be overdispersed. Additionally, we found the structure of ant communities shifted from phylogenetic and functional clustering on smaller islands to phylogenetic and functional overdispersion on larger islands.Main conclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that environmental filtering is the dominant process structuring ant communities on smaller islands, and that competitive exclusion becomes more important on larger islands. Thus, island area acts as an important filter even though ant community structure on the study islands was indistinguishable from random communities. Moreover, our results show that environmental filtering influences phylogenetic community structure of ants, whereas competitive exclusion influences functional community structure of ants. These findings highlight the need to examine both phylogenetic and functional diversity in order to understand the mechanisms that govern the assembly of natural communities on islands.
A hairy situation: Plant species in warm, sunny places are more likely to have pubescent leaves
Authors: Moles Angela T. , Laffan Shawn W. , Keighery Matthew , Dalrymple Rhiannon L. , Tindall Marianne L. , Chen Si‐Chong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimLeaf pubescence has several important roles, including regulating heat balance, reducing damage from UV radiation, minimizing water loss and reducing herbivory. Each of these functions could affect a plant's ability to tolerate the biotic and abiotic stresses encountered in different parts of the world. However, we know remarkably little about large scale biogeographic patterns in leaf pubescence. Our aims were: (a) to determine whether a higher proportion of species have pubescence at sites where it is hot, dry and solar radiation is high, and (b) to quantify the latitudinal gradient in pubescence.LocationAustralia.TaxonVascular land plants.MethodsWe compiled data on the presence/absence of pubescence on mature photosynthetic organs for 4,183 species, spanning 107 families. We combined these data with over 1.9 million species occurrence records from the Atlas of Living Australia to calculate the proportion of species with pubescence in 3,261 grid cells spanning the Australian continent.ResultsThe proportion of pubescent species was most closely related to solar radiation (R2 = 0.33), followed by maximum temperature in the warmest month (R2 = 0.30). Mean annual precipitation was very weakly related to pubescence (R2 = 0.01). We found a significant negative relationship between latitude and pubescence (R2 = 0.19), with the average percentage of species with pubescence dropping from 46% at 10° S to 35% at 44° S. This cross‐species relationship remained significant after accounting for phylogenetic relationships between species. We found that a quadratic model explained more variation in pubescence across latitudes than did a linear model. The quadratic model shows a peak in the proportion of pubescent species at 19° S (within the tropics).Main conclusionsOur findings are consistent with the idea that leaf pubescence may have a protective function in areas with high solar radiation and high temperatures. Our data are also consistent with the idea that species towards the tropics should be better defended than are species at higher latitudes.
Remaining activity of temporary interrupted direct oral anticoagulants and its impact on intra‐ablation heparinization in patients with atrial fibrillation: Comparisons across four drugs and two dose regimens
Authors: Sairaku Akinori , Onohara Yuko , Hironobe Naoya , Matsumura Hiroya , Kihara Yasuki , Nakano Yukiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) ablation with minimally interrupted direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may raise a concern about their remaining activity. We tested the residual activity of four different DOACs and its impact on intraprocedural heparinization in patients undergoing AF ablation.MethodsWe measured the anti‐factor Χa activity for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, and serum DOAC concentration for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran, 24 hours after the last intake in patients undergoing AF ablation treated with standard or reduced doses of DOACs. The heparin requirement during the procedure was also measured.ResultsWe enrolled 34 patients with rivaroxaban, 35 with apixaban, 32 with edoxaban, and 31 with dabigatran, and among them, 30 were treated with reduced doses. The anti‐factor Χa activity was the highest in the apixaban group among the patients with standard doses. The DOAC concentration was paradoxically lower in patients with standard doses than in those with reduced doses among the patients with rivaroxaban (34.3 ± 19.8 vs 56.6 ± 7.7 ng/mL; P = .01) and dabigatran (12.6 ± 10.6 vs 23.4 ± 14.7 ng/mL; P = .03). The total heparin requirement per body surface area had significant correlations with the anti‐factor Χa activity (r = −.36) and DOAC concentration (r = −.32). Two different multiple linear regression models (adjusted R2 = 0.56 and 0.6, respectively) revealed that the anti‐factor Χa activity (β = −.28; P = .002) and DOAC concentration (β = −.38; P < .001) were independent determinants of the total heparin requirement.ConclusionsFactors determining residual DOAC activity may include its type and dose regimen, and it may influence the heparin requirement during AF ablation.
The effect of royal jelly and propolis alone and in combination on inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxin production, and aflR gene expression
Authors: Hamzeh Pour Siavash , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Mahmoudi Shahram , Vaziri Samira , Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi , Oliya Soniya , Getso Muhammad , Rezaie Sassan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of royal jelly (RJ) and propolis on growth, aflatoxin production and aflR gene expression in Aspergillus parasiticus. Inhibitory effect of RJ and propolis against a standard strain of A. parasiticus(ATCC 15517) was determined alone and in combination in accordance with the CLSI M38‐A2 and checkerboard methods, respectively. The aflatoxin concentrations in the control and treated media were determined by HPLC. Also, the quantitative changes in the aflR gene expression were analyzed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of RJ and propolis alone were 3,200 and 100μg/ml, respectively. Also, the MICs of RJ and propolis in combination were 200 and 25μg/ml, respectively. When combined, a synergistic interaction was observed with a FICI of 0.312. Total levels of aflatoxin decreased from 386.1ppm to 8.72, 3.01 and 1.75ppm at 1,600μg/ml of RJ, 50μg/ml of propolis and 100+12.5μg/ml of RJ and propolis, respectively. In addition, the level of afIR gene expression was significantly decreased after treatment with RJ and propolis extracts alone and with their combination. The findings reveal that RJ and propolis extracts, either alone or in combination, have a significant inhibitory effect on aflR gene expression in aflatoxin production.
Induction of γ‐aminobutyric acid plays a positive role to Arabidopsis resistance against Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Deng Xiangxiong , Xu Xuwen , Liu Yu , Zhang Yan , Yang Liuyi , Zhang Shuqun , Xu Juan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important metabolite which functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, its role in plant defense and how it is regulated are largely unknown. Here, we report a detailed analysis of GABA induction during the resistance response to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. While searching for the mechanism underlying the pathogen‐responsive mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MPK)3/MPK6 signaling cascade in plant immunity, we found that activation of MPK3/MPK6 greatly induced GABA biosynthesis, which is dependent on the glutamate decarboxylase genes GAD1 and GAD4. Inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) and Pst‐avrRpt2 expressing the avrRpt2 effector gene induced GAD1 and GAD4 gene expression and increased the levels of GABA. Genetic evidence revealed that GAD1, GAD2, and GAD4 play important roles in both GABA biosynthesis and plant resistance in response to Pst‐avrRpt2 infection. The gad1/2/4 triple and gad1/2/4/5 quadruple mutants, in which the GABA levels were extremely low, were more susceptible to both Pst and Pst‐avrRpt2. Functional loss of MPK3/MPK6, or their upstream MKK4/MKK5, or their downstream substrate WRKY33 suppressed the induction of GAD1 and GAD4 expression after Pst‐avrRpt2 treatment. Our findings shed light on both the regulation and role of GABA in the plant immunity to a bacterial pathogen.
Jurist in Context: William Twining in Conversation with David Sugarman
Authors: Twining William , Sugarman David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis discussion derives from extended conversations between William Twining and David Sugarman in which William talks about his latest book, Jurist in Context: A Memoir (JIC). JIC recounts the development of William's thoughts and writings, addressing topics central to his life and research. The dialogue conveys and extends the arguments on a selection of the topics addressed in the book, engaging with issues of particular interest to readers of this journal. Here, William adds a more personal commentary to his formal publications. The conversation facilitates reflection on issues such as law teaching and legal scholarship; the meaning, use, and limitations of ‘law in context’; and the role and character of jurisprudence. It also offers a fascinating window on the development of, and the struggles surrounding, legal education and academic legal thought over the second half of the twentieth century and the early part of the twenty‐first.
Patterns of Black–White Partnership: Black Ethnics and African Americans Compared
Authors: Model Suzanne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis paper asks: do black immigrants have higher rates of white partnership than African Americans?BackgroundSome say white Americans feel more comfortable among black immigrants than among African Americans. Anglo‐Caribbean accents, in particular, have been described as appealing. Research finds that some black immigrant groups do have higher rates of union with whites, but that advantage disappears when confounding factors are controlled. Yet, marriage markets have different characteristics. Using metropolitan areas as proxies for marriage markets, this study explores whether taking metropolitan conditions into account improves the odds that black immigrants and whites marry or cohabit.MethodThe analysis pools data from the 2008–2016 American Community Surveys. Black immigrants are divided into Anglophone Afro‐Caribbeans, Haitians, sub‐Saharan Africans, and a residual group of “Other Blacks.” Two generations are created: those arriving before the age of 13 and those arriving later. The critical technique is multi‐level logistic regression.ResultsThe findings replicate previous multivariate analyses in showing that black immigrants do not have higher rates of white partnership than African Americans. Still, rates are higher for the 1.5 than the 1.0 generation and higher among males than females. Among black ethnic groups, unions with whites are least common among Haitians and most common among sub‐Saharan Africans.ConclusionThe findings weaken the hope that the black immigrant presence will moderate the “color line” in America.
Risk functionals with convex level sets
Authors: Wang Ruodu , Wei Yunran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyze the “convex level sets” (CxLS) property of risk functionals, which is a necessary condition for the notions of elicitability, identifiability, and backtestability, popular in the recent statistics and risk management literature. We put the CxLS property in the multidimensional setting, with a special focus on signed Choquet integrals, a class of risk functionals that are generally not monotone or convex. We obtain two main analytical results in dimension one and dimension two, by characterizing the CxLS property of all one‐dimensional signed Choquet integrals, and that of all two‐dimensional signed Choquet integrals with a quantile component. Using these results, we proceed to show that under some continuity assumption, a comonotonic‐additive coherent risk measure is co‐elicitable with Value‐at‐Risk if and only if it is the corresponding Expected Shortfall. The new findings generalize several results in the recent literature, and partially answer an open question on the characterization of multidimensional elicitability.
Non‐Aspergillus invasive mould infections in patients treated with ibrutinib
Authors: Anastasopoulou Amalia , DiPippo Adam J. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundInvasive mould infections (IMIs) are very rare in patients with lymphoid malignancies. However, IMIs, mostly due to Aspergillus species, have been increasingly reported in such patients receiving ibrutinib (IBR). There is paucity of information regarding non‐Aspergillus invasive mould infections (NAIMIs) in this setting,ObjectivesTo review our recent experience and the published literature on the topic.Patients/MethodsWe present a case of invasive sinusitis caused by Fusarium in a patient with refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who was treated with IBR and review the 12 published cases of NAIMIs during IBR.ResultsNearly all cases of NAIMIs in the setting of IBR use were encountered in patients with CLL. Mixed fungal infections, brain involvement and late‐onset infections were common.ConclusionsAlthough rare, NAIMIs should be considered in patients who receive IBR.
Role of cardiac sympathetic denervation in ventricular tachycardia: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Sharma Sharan P. , Akella Krishna , Turagam Mohit K. , Rocca Domenico G. Della , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Gopinathannair Rakesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) is being used in the management of refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) and electrical storm. However, data on the role of CSD in the management of ventricular arrhythmia is limited.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of retrospective studies to calculate the pooled rate of freedom from VT and the standard mean difference of ICD shocks before and after CSD.Results14 nonrandomized studies with a total of 311 patients with refractory VT or electrical storm were included. At a mean follow up of 15 ± 10.7 months, the pooled rate of freedom from VT (VT nonrecurrence rate) after CSD in all causes of arrhythmia was 60% (range 48.8% to 70%, I2 = 43%). When analysis was restricted to only arrhythmias caused by conditions other than catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and long QT syndrome (LQTS), the pooled VT non‐recurrence rate was 50% (range 41% to 58%, I2 = 5%). After CSD, mean total number of ICD shocks per person diminished by 3.01 (95% CI 1.09‐4.94, P = .002, I2 = 96%) in overall analysis and by 0.97(95% CI 0.41‐1.5, P = .001, I2 = 45%) when CPVT and LQTS were excluded.ConclusionIn patients with refractory VT or electrical storm, CSD is associated with pooled VT nonrecurrence rate of 60% at a mean follow‐up of 15 ± 10.7 months. CSD was also associated with significantly lower mean number ICD shocks per person. Further studies are needed to validate this finding in a prospective setting.
Market access and regional dispersion of human capital accumulation in Turkey
Authors: Karahasan Burhan Can , Bilgel Fırat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBuilding on early advances in development economics, the theoretical construct of new economic geography asserts that geography plays a crucial role in educational human capital accumulation. Based on this expectation, this study investigates the impact of market access on provincial human capital accumulation in Turkey. Results indicate that market access matters for understanding why some regions lag behind others in terms of average years of schooling. Our results are robust to the inclusion of spatial mechanisms, different specifications of the spatial weight matrix, endogeneity and alternative measurements of market access and to a host of other factors that affect regional human capital accumulation.
General soliton solutions to a reverse‐time nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Ye Rusuo , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeneral soliton solutions to a reverse‐time nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation are discussed via a matrix version of binary Darboux transformation. With this technique, searching for solutions of the Lax pair is transferred to find vector solutions of the associated linear differential equation system. From vanishing and nonvanishing seed solutions, general vector solutions of such linear differential equation system in terms of the canonical forms of the spectral matrix can be constructed by means of triangular Toeplitz matrices. Several explicit one‐soliton solutions and two‐soliton solutions are provided corresponding to different forms of the spectral matrix. Furthermore, dynamics and interactions of bright solitons, degenerate solitons, breathers, rogue waves, and dark solitons are also explored graphically.