bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Could It Mean to Say That Today's Stand-Up Audiences Are Too Sensitive?
Authors: DEEN PHILLIP 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTContemporary comedy audiences are accused by some comedians of being too morally sensitive to appreciate humor. To get closer to an answer, I will first briefly present the argument over audience sensitivity as found in the nonphilosophical literature. Second, I then turn to the philosophical literature and begin from the idea that “funny” is a response-dependent property. I present a criticism of this response-dependence account of “funny” based in the claim that funniness is not determined by what normal audiences actually laugh at, but by what merits laughter. Third, I argue that excessive or deficient moral sensitivity distorts audience receptivity to humor. Fourth, I turn to candidates for ideally sensitive audiences. I conclude by returning to the particular cases of supposed oversensitivity or undersensitivity to jokes to see how we might judge them.
Not Sitting Down for It: How Stand-Up Differs from Fiction (And How Neither Is Immune to Ethical Criticism)
Authors: DADLEZ E.M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
One of the standard defenses of Daniel Tosh, Andrew Dice Clay, Bernard Manning, and other stand-up comedians who have been accused of crossing moral lines is that the responses they elicit belong to an aesthetic rather than a moral domain to which standard methods of ethical evaluation are therefore inapplicable. I argue, first, that fictionality does not confer immunity to ethical criticism and, second, that the stance adopted by the stand-up artist is not fully analogous to a fictive one in any event. Whatever the case with respect to the adoption of an alternative persona, the stand-up artist refers in his or her pronouncements to the actual world in a way that a fiction does not. That also suggests susceptibility to ethical criticism, just for different reasons.
Nighttime dipping status and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with untreated hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gavriilaki Maria , Anyfanti Panagiota , Nikolaidou Barbara , Lazaridis Antonios , Gavriilaki Eleni , Douma Stella , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to determine whether nocturnal blood pressure fall, expressed by dipping patterns according to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), is a risk factor for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in untreated hypertensives. Α thorough systematic literature search at MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and gray literature was conducted through March 2020. Two reviewers screened studies and assessed dipping patterns of untreated hypertensives using ABPM with a follow‐up >6 months. Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used for risk of bias assessment. We initially identified 463 reports; of which, seven cohort studies were eligible for meta‐analysis enrolling 10 438 untreated hypertensives. Untreated patients classified as dippers at baseline (n = 7081) had significant lower risk of CVEs and total mortality compared to non‐dippers (n = 3,357) [RR = 0.67, 95% CI (0.49, 0.92); RR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.59, 0.86)]. However, when patients were further classified into four dipping groups, only reverse dippers, yet not extreme dippers or non‐dippers, were at increased risk for CVEs compared to dippers [RR = 0.47, 95% CI (0.33, 0.66)]. Likewise, only reverse dippers had a higher stroke risk than dippers [RR = 0.39, 95% CI (0.22, 0.72)]. When compared with the whole group of dippers (including extreme dippers), non‐dipping alone (excluding reverse dipping) was not a significant risk factor for CVEs [RR = 0.84, 95% CI (0.61, 1.16)] or total mortality [RR = 0.84, 95% CI (0.61, 1.16); RR = 0.78, 95% CI (0.53, 1.13), respectively]. Untreated hypertensives may benefit more from the evaluation of reverse dipping rather than the non‐dipping phenomenon in general.
Differential expression of CD64 in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: A potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Gao Yan , Ou Qinfang , Xu Yuzhen , Zhou Zhe , Li Ting , Lu Yi , Sun Feng , Zhou Xian , Li Yang , Shao Lingyun , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the clinical utility of neutrophil (n)CD64 index to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (ePTB) and to predict the outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We recruited 189 patients with active TB and 140 controls and measured the differential expression of nCD64 index using flow cytometry. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to estimate the diagnostic performance of the nCD64 index and T‐SPOT.TB assay for the diagnosis of TB. Furthermore, we analysed whether the nCD64 index in patients with TB was correlated with inflammatory indicators. Finally, we assessed the prognosis of patients by following the dynamic changes of the nCD64 index once a week. The nCD64 index was significantly higher in active TB group (PTB and ePTB), than in the anti‐TB and healthy controls (HC) groups. The sensitivity and specificity of nCD64 index for the differential diagnosis of PTB and pneumonia (PN) patients were 68.33% and 77.55%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of nCD64 index for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) were 53.85% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a weak correlation between the nCD64 index and inflammatory indicators. More importantly, with the improvement in patient condition, the nCD64 index started to decline in the first week of anti‐TB therapy and significantly decreased at 4 weeks after treatment. Our study demonstrated that the CD64 assay is a rapid, non‐invasive and stable method for clinical application, and the nCD64 index can serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of TB.
Effect of ozonation parameters on nutritional and microbiological quality of sugarcane juice
Authors: Panigrahi Chirasmita , Mishra Hari Niwas , De Sirshendu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSugarcane juice is susceptible to rapid spoilage and quality deterioration owing to browning of the juice and fermentation. To address this issue, ozonation of the juice has been attempted in this work. For optimization of ozonation process, response surface methodology based on full factorial design with control variables of gas flow rates (3, 6.5, and 10 L/min); ozone concentration (10, 20, and 30% wt/wt); and exposure time (5, 12.5, and 20 min) were employed. Physicochemical and microbiological indices were affected significantly by the gas flow rate irrespective of other two independent variables. Regression analysis showed that the predicted quadratic model fitted well with the experimental data and was significant (p < .05) with coefficient of determination (R2) for all responses >.9. Significant reductions in nutritional parameters, such as polyphenol content (13.5%), flavonoid content (22.5%), ascorbic acid content (81.46%), and antioxidant capacity (30%) were observed after ozonation. However, the treatment resulted in 67.8% inactivation of polyphenol oxidase enzyme and 3.72 log reduction in total plate count. Sensory analysis revealed that the treated juice was acceptable in terms of sensory properties. Thus, the ozone treatment was proved effective in enzyme inactivation and microbial destruction that offered enhanced anti‐browning and antimicrobial properties to the sugarcane juice.Practical applicationsSugarcane juice is susceptible to rapid spoilage and quality deterioration owing to the browning and fermentation resulting in its short shelf life. It is an extremely perishable product that loses its marketability because of processing problems. Considering the nutritional importance of this juice, it can be emerged as an energy drink if adequately treated. Consumer demands for minimally processed health foods have further encouraged the research related to techniques for processing of fruit juices. Ozone processing is one such potential nonthermal method which can enable extension of shelf life of sugarcane juice, yet retaining its freshness and organoleptic properties that in turn aid in the growth of juice processing industry.
Development of a Brief Screen to Detect Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: The QuickSort
Authors: Foran Amie M. , Mathias Jane L. , Bowden Stephen C. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUNDSorting tests detect cognitive decline in older adults who have a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimerʼs and Parkinsonʼs disease. Although equally effective at detecting impairment as other cognitive screens (e.g. Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE)), sorting tests are not commonly used in this context. This study examines the QuickSort, which is a new brief sorting test that is designed to screen older adults for cognitive impairment.DESIGNObservational cohort study.SETTINGGeneral community and inpatients, Australia.PARTICIPANTSOlder (≥60 years) community‐dwelling adults (n = 187) and inpatients referred for neuropsychological assessment (n = 78). A normative subsample (n = 115), screened for cognitive and psychological disorders, was formed from the community sample.MEASUREMENTSParticipants were administered the QuickSort, MMSE, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale‐21. The QuickSort requires people to sort nine stimuli by color, shape, and number, and to explain the basis for their correct sorts. Sorting (range = 0–12), Explanation (range = 0–6), and Total (range = 0–18) scores were calculated for the QuickSort.RESULTSThe Cognitively Healthy subsample completed the QuickSort within 2 minutes, 50% had errorless performance, and 95% had Total scores of 10 or greater. The likelihood of community‐dwelling older adults and inpatients (n = 260) being impaired on either the MMSE or FAB, or both, increased by a factor of 3.75 for QuickSort Total scores of less than 10 and reduced by a factor of 0.23 for scores of 10 or greater.CONCLUSIONThe QuickSort provides a quick, reliable, and valid alternative to lengthier cognitive screens (e.g., MMSE and FAB) when screening older adults for cognitive impairment. The QuickSort performance of an older adult can be compared with a cognitively healthy normative sample and used to estimate the likelihood they will be impaired on either the MMSE or FAB, or both. Clinicians can also use evidence‐based modeling to customize the QuickSort for their setting.
Rare case of uterine cervix lymphoma with spontaneous regression: Case report
Authors: Desana Benedetta , Balbo Mussetto Annalisa , Macera Annalisa , Mariani Luca , De Rosa Giovanni , Cirillo Stefano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrimary malignant lymphoma rarely occurs in the female reproductive tract, because of that they are often misdiagnosed. Lymphoma spontaneous regression is even rarer, but it is possible behavior of this disease. A case of 54‐year‐old female patient with a primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the cervix is presented. First assumption was sarcoma or atypical adenocarcinoma; biopsies have been inconclusive and, after a partial spontaneous regression, diagnosis of lymphoma was possible only after surgery. The diagnosis was a real challenge for clinicians, radiologists and pathologists for both localization and behavior. Difficulties in diagnosis led to an over‐treatment: a laparotomic bilateral hysteron salpingectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed, while chemotherapy alone would have been the right approach. Considering that prognosis and treatment of primary malignant lymphoma of the cervix are completely different than those of other malignant tumors of the uterus, this disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Geranylgeraniol reverses alendronate‐induced MC3T3 cell cytotoxicity and alteration of osteoblast function via cell cytoskeletal maintenance
Authors: Patntirapong Somying , Korjai Nareerat , Matchimapiro Monticha , Sungkaruk Paphada , Suthamporn Yauwaluk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlendronate (ALN) is a bisphosphonate, which is prescribed as an anti‐osteoporotic drug. ALN has been shown to increase osteoblast cell death and decrease bone mineralization. ALN inhibits a key regulatory enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, consequently reducing geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can be converted to GGPP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous GGOH on MC3T3 cell viability, cell cycle, osteoblast function, and cell cytoskeleton under ALN treatment.MethodsMC3T3 cells and osteoblast precursors, were incubated with ALN (0‐50 µmol/L) and GGOH (0‐50 µmol/L). After treatment, cells were evaluated for cell viability, cell cycle, osteoblast function, and cell cytoskeleton by MTT, flow cytometry, alizarin red S assay, and fluorescent microscopy, respectively.ResultsALN reduced cell viability and bone nodule formation in a dose‐dependent manner. GGOH partially inhibited the negative effects of ALN on cell viability and function. ALN increased the percentages of cell apoptosis and necrosis and arrested cells in G2M phase. Co‐incubation with GGOH partially reduced late cell apoptosis and rescued cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, ALN altered MC3T3 morphology and decreased cell area, actin stress fiber density as well as nuclear area. GGOH abolished the effect of ALN on cell area, actin stress fiber density, and nuclear area.ConclusionsGGOH partially inhibited negative effects of ALN on cell viability, cell cycle, function, and cell cytoskeleton. It might be an additional option for increasing osteoblast function and reducing apoptosis of osteoblasts in the condition treated with low bisphosphonate concentration.
TGF‐β1 and IL‐17A comediate the protumor phenotype of neutrophils to regulate the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yu Tao , Tang Qinchao , Chen Xueru , Fan Wan , Zhou Zhuoqian , Huang Wanqian , Liang Feixin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of neutrophils in cancer has been the subject of intense research in recent years. One major theme that has emerged is that not all neutrophils are equal in the field of cancer. However, it remains unclear what induces the protumorigenic or antitumorigenic phenotype predominate in tumor. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate what factors induce which of these two phenotypes of neutrophil predominate in OSCC and to explore the role of neutrophil polarization on tumor.MethodsImmunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were used to observe neutrophil infiltration and the expression of TGF‐β1 and IL‐17A in OSCC tissues. Recombinant human TGF‐β1 and IL‐17A were used to modulate neutrophil polarization. OSCC cell (SCC9 and SAS cell lines) migration, proliferation, invasion, stemness, and EMT were analyzed after treatment with conditioned medium from TGF‐β1/IL‐17A‐activated neutrophils. The levels of neutrophil‐associated markers in OSCC tissues and peripheral blood were examined by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative PCR.ResultsOur data showed neutrophil infiltration and elevated expression of TGF‐β1 and IL‐17A in OSCC tissues. The cooperative effect of TGF‐β1 and IL‐17A promoted neutrophils to take on a protumor phenotype in vitro. TGF‐β1/IL‐17A‐activated neutrophils remarkably induced cell migration, proliferation, invasion, stemness, and EMT in OSCC cells. Additionally, OSCC patients showed increased expression of MMP9 and decreased expression of CCL3 in circulating neutrophils.ConclusionTGF‐β1 and IL‐17A cooperated to augment the protumor functions of neutrophils, thereby promoting the progression of OSCC cells. In addition, the combination of neutrophil‐associated markers may serve as a predictive method to screen for patients with OSCC.
Genomic signals reveal past evolutionary dynamics ofQuercus schottkyanaand its response to future climate change
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Long , Su Zhi‐Hao , Xu Gang‐Biao , Deng Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the past and future evolutionary dynamics of dominant species in a forest is important for guiding decisions for biodiversity conservation, forest management, and vegetation restoration. This study usedQuercus schottkyana, a dominant tree in subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests in southwest China, to investigate the influences of past environmental fluctuations and future changes in climate on the dynamics of tree demographics. Genomic data were obtained for 133 samples ofQ. schottkyanafrom 22 populations using double‐digest genotyping by sequencing. The single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the genome showed a uniform distribution. Based on principal component analysis and Admixture analysis, two distinct lineages and one mixed group were identified that corresponded to their geographical distribution. Approximate Bayesian computation analyses provided evidence that the divergence amongQ. schottkyanapopulations could be driven by the collision between the Asian and Indian plates during the Miocene, and that climatic fluctuations in the late Pleistocene led to the introgression. The analysis of genotype‐environment relationships showed that annual precipitation and geographic distance were associated with spatial genetic variation. Populations ofQ. schottkyanain the northern area of the Jinsha River basin were predicted to be the most vulnerable to future climate change. To increase genetic diversity in the northern Jinsha River basin and to buffer threats from future climate change, managers could use a mixture of local and alien seeds during forest restoration and management. This case study can promote further investigations into assessing how past and future climate change impacts genetic divergence and local adaptation of trees in forests.
Pleurocordyceps gen. nov. for a clade of fungi previously included in Polycephalomyces based on molecular phylogeny and morphology
Authors: Wang Yong‐Hui , Ban Sayaka , Wang Wen‐Jing , Li Yi , Wang Ke , Kirk Paul M. , Bushley Kathryn E. , Dong Cai‐Hong , Hawksworth David L. , Yao Yi‐Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the discovery of the Pleurocordyceps/ “Polycephalomyces” clade unaffiliated with the clades of Clavicipitaceae s. str., Ophiocordycipitaceae, and Cordycipitaceae of clavicipitaceous fungi, some taxa have been published and more fungal material relevant to the group have become available for further study. Here, a multigene phylogeny using nrSSU, nrLSU, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2 was constructed with some of the recently discovered additional taxa using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses (BI) to test and refine the current phylogenetic framework for Cordyceps s. lat. and other clavicipitaceous fungi. In addition to the well supported major Pleurocordyceps/“Polycephalomyces” clade revealed previously, another clade with newly added taxa referred to as “Polycephalomyces formosus‐like” from Japan was found to be sister to the Pleurocordyceps/“Polycephalomyces” clade. Extensive investigation revealed that strains named “P. formosus‐like” grouped in this new clade and do indeed represent the true P. formosus and that species previously included in the genus Polycephalomyces required a new generic name. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, including both sexual and asexual morphs when available, the new generic name Pleurocordyceps is introduced and relevant new combinations are made. A newly designated lectotype and a supporting epitype for P. formosus is selected and the circumscription of Polycephalomyces is discussed.
Outcome of external beam radiotherapy for treatment of noncutaneous tumors of the head in horses: 32 cases (1999‐2015)
Authors: Gillen Alex , Mudge Margaret , Caldwell Fred , Munsterman Amelia , Hanson Reid , Brawner William , Almond Gregory , Green Eric , Stephens Julie , Walz Jillian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term outcomes of external beam radiotherapy for treatment of noncutaneous tumors of the head in horses is unknown.ObjectiveTo report the long‐term outcomes for treatment of noncutaneous tumors of the head of horses, and report short and long‐term clinical adverse effects.AnimalsThirty‐two horses treated in 2 referral hospitals.MethodsIn this retrospective study, medical records of horses receiving radiation therapy for noncutaneous tumors between 1999 and 2015 were reviewed. Signalment, tumor type, treatment protocol, tumor control duration, and survival were recorded. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were generated for overall survival (OS), by tumor type and location, and compared using Log‐rank tests, and treatment protocol adherence.ResultsFollow‐up ranged from 2 to 145 months (median 14 months). Of 32 horses, 16 (50%) were alive at the time of reporting, with complete tumor response occurring in 12 (38%). Horses with tumors of the maxilla/nasal cavity had significantly shorter median OS compared to horses with tumors in other locations (21 months vs 145 months) (P= .06). Adverse effects resulting from the tumor or the therapy occurred in 20/32 (63%). The occurrence of major adverse effects and delays in treatment protocol were not significantly associated with median survival estimates.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceExternal beam radiotherapy can be used to treat a variety of noncutaneous tumors of the head of horses. Adverse effects related to radiotherapy or the tumor are common.
Lemon, Citrus aurantifolia, peel and Bacillus licheniformis protected common carp, Cyprinus carpio, from Aeromonas hydrophila infection by improving the humoral and skin mucosal immunity, and antioxidative responses
Authors: Sadeghi Faeze , Ahmadifar Ehsan , Shahriari Moghadam Mohsen , Ghiyasi Maryam , Dawood Mahmoud A. O. , Yilmaz Sevdan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of dietary lemon peel (LM) and/or Bacillus licheniformis (BL) on the growth, immunity, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp, Cyprinus carpio was investigated in this study. LM and BL were included in diets at 0% (T0), 108 CFU/g BL (T1), 1.5% LM and 108 CFU/g BL (T2), and 3% LM and 108 CFU/g BL (T3). Fish fed with T1, T2, or T3 had higher weight gain, specific growth rate, white blood cells count, and blood total protein with lower feed conversion ratio than T0 group (p < .05). The albumin increased significantly (p < .05) in fish fed both BL and LM (T3). The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lysozyme, and bactericidal activities were significantly increased in fish fed both BL and LM (T2 and T3), while serum glutathione peroxidase increased in fish fed BL (T2) (p < .05). Fish fed T1, T2, and T3 diets displayed higher SOD and lower malondialdehyde than fish fed T0 (p < .05). After the A. hydrophila challenge, the mortality rate was significantly lower in T1, T2, and T3 groups than the T0 group (p < .05). The obtained results revealed that LM and BL could be used to increase resistance against A. hydrophila infection in carp. However, further field studies should be performed to confirm the obtained results.