bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model for determining and improving rollover stability of four-wheel earthmoving vehicles with arbitrary undercarriage system design
Authors: Sierzputowski G. , Dudziński P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Earthmoving vehicles, especially ones with articulated frame steering, are very vulnerable to rollover. Consequently many dangerous rollover accidents occur all around the world. This problem is not only caused by difficult operating conditions and high productivity requirements. The current standards in this area do not offer an acceptable method of assessing vehicle rollover stability. Furthermore, in the previous literature there have been no research on rollover stability of increasingly common unconventional undercarriage systems, equipped with inclined/virtual oscillation and steering axes. In response to the above-mentioned situation, an innovative test vehicle, whose undercarriage system can be optionally selected (including unconventional solutions), was designed and built. The experimental stand consisted of a rotary-tilting platform equipped in wheel weighting pads and a two-axis inclinometer. Completely new experimental results were presented, proving a strong influence of unconventional undercarriage system on vehicle rollover stability. Moreover, the extensive experimental investigation was used to derive and validate an accurate and universal mathematical model, enabling to calculate and improve the rollover stability of any four-wheeled vehicle. It was also shown that a geometrical optimisation of an unconventional undercarriage system permits an increase in rollover stability—even up to several dozen percentage relative to the conventional solutions.
Brazilian peppertree and mangrove species response to foliar-applied novel auxin-type herbicides
Authors: Enloe Stephen F. , Leary James K. , Prince Candice M. , Sperry Benjamin P. , Lauer Dwight K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBrazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifoliaRaddi) is an invasive shrub that is problematic in both freshwater wetlands and brackish mangrove communities. The complex structure, geographic remoteness, and general herbicide sensitivity of mangrove systems have resulted in great technical challenges for managers attempting selectiveS. terebinthifoliacontrol. Recent advances in auxin herbicide technologies warrant herbicide screening to address this growing problem. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate four non-target mangrove species andS. terebinthifoliaresponse to the three herbicides: aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, and florpyrauxifen-benyzl. Aminocyclopyrachlor controlledS. terebinthifolia, but was highly injurious to black mangrove [Avicennia germinans(L.) L.], red mangrove (Rhizophora mangleL.), white mangrove [Laguncularia racemosa(L.) C.F. Gaertn.], and buttonwood mangrove (Conocarpus erectusL.). Aminopyralid also controlledS. terebinthifoliabut its impact varied across mangrove species.Laguncularia racemosaandC. erectuswere highly sensitive to aminopyralid,R. mangleexhibited dose-dependent tolerance, andA. germinanswas highly tolerant. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl failed to controlS. terebinthifoliaand resulted in severe injury to all four mangrove species. These results indicate differential responses to newer auxins in both the target response and non-target plant community of interest. The efficacy of aminopyralid onS. terebinthifolia, coupled with its selectivity onA. germinanswarrants further testing.
Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) competition with grain sorghum under arid conditions
Authors: Bajwa Ali A. , Nawaz Ahmad , Farooq Muhammad , Chauhan Bhagirath S. , Adkins Steve 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParthenium weed is an invasive species in a growing number of countries where it infests numerous crop fields, including sorghum. Two field studies were conducted to quantify the effect of parthenium weed on the performance of grain sorghum at different weed densities (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants m−2) and durations of weed-crop competition (season-long weed-free, weed-free after 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks, and season-long weedy). Our aim was to identify the density threshold and ideal duration to control parthenium weed in sorghum fields. Both field experiments were planned in a randomised complete block design each with three replications in 2016 and were repeated in 2017. Parthenium weed biomass increased significantly with increasing density and competition duration. The increasing parthenium weed density had a linear negative effect on sorghum growth, yield and yield-contributing traits. The highest yield loss, of up to 66%, was recorded at the highest parthenium weed density of 20 plants m−2 when compared to weed-free treatment. In addition, the season-long competition of this weed with sorghum caused 81% reduction in grain yield over weed-free treatment. According to our results, parthenium weed should be managed below a density of 5 plants m−2 and throughout the crop growth duration in grain sorghum fields as it can cause serious yield losses even at low densities and through strong competition at early as well as late growth stages of the crop.
Effects of dietary supplementation of 4-O-methyl-glucuronoarabinoxylan on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in female Partridge-Shank broilers
Authors: Ren Q. C. , Xuan J. J. , Yan X. C. , Deng X. J. , Fan Z. Z. , Hu Z. Z. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, Echinacea purpurea and its extracts have gained much interest due to their improvement on meat quality, but little information is available on the application of the purified Echinacea purpurea polysaccharide (4-O-methyl-glucuronoarabinoxylan, 4OMG). Thus, this trial aimed at assessing the effects of dietary supplementation of 4OMG on growth performance, thigh meat quality and small intestine development of broilers. A total of 240 1-day-old female broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four groups with three replicates of 20 within each group. Each group received either 0, 15, 20 or 25 g 4OMG/kg DM of diet. During the entire experiment, broilers had ad libitum access to water and feed, and the feed intake was recorded daily. All broilers were weighed before and end of the experiment. For each group, three pens with a total of 20 broilers were randomly selected to slaughter after 30 days. Increasing dietary supplementation of 4OMG linearly increased final live weight and daily body weight gain (P = 0.013) of broilers, Gain-to-Feed ratio (P < 0.001), muscle pH (P = 0.024) and redness (P = 0.001), but decreased drip loss (P = 0.033), shear force value (P = 0.004) and hardness (P = 0.022) of the thigh meat. Broilers fed diet with higher 4OMG had greater weight index, villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth in both duodenum and jejunum. These results indicated that increasing dietary supplementation of 4OMG was beneficial for growth performance, meat quality and development of the small intestine of broilers.
Can ecotourism change community attitudes towards conservation?
Authors: Ziegler Jackie , Araujo Gonzalo , Labaja Jessica , Snow Sally , King Joseph N. , Ponzo Alessandro , Rollins Rick , Dearden Philip 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A basic tenet of ecotourism is to enhance conservation. However, few studies have assessed its effectiveness in meeting conservation goals and whether the type of tourism activity affects outcomes. This study examines whether working in ecotourism changes the perceptions of and attitudes and behaviours of local people towards the focal species and its habitat and, if so, if tourism type affects those outcomes. We interviewed 114 respondents at four whale shark Rhincodon typus tourism sites in the Philippines to compare changes in perceptions of and attitudes and behaviours towards whale sharks and the wider marine environment. We found that the smaller scale tourism sites had greater social conservation outcomes than the mass or failed tourism sites, including changes in conservation ethics and perceptions of and attitudes and behaviours towards whale sharks and the ocean. Furthermore, of the three active tourism sites, the smallest site, with the lowest economic returns and the highest negative impacts on whale sharks prior to tourism activities, had the largest proportion of respondents who reported a positive change in perceptions of and attitudes and behaviours towards whale sharks and the ocean. Our results suggest that tourism type, and the associated incentives, can have a significant effect on conservation outcomes and ultimately on the ecological status of an Endangered species and its habitat.
Reappraisal-related neural predictors of treatment response to cognitive behavior therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Erlinger May , Felmingham Kim , Klimova Aleksandra , Williams Leanne M. , Malhi Gin , Forbes David , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT) is the frontline treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one-third of patients are treatment non-responders. To identify neural markers of treatment response to TF-CBT when participants are reappraising aversive material.MethodsThis study assessed PTSD patients (n= 37) prior to TF-CBT during functional magnetic brain resonance imaging (fMRI) when they reappraised or watched traumatic images. Patients then underwent nine sessions of TF-CBT, and were then assessed for symptom severity on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. FMRI responses for cognitive reappraisal and emotional reactivity contrasts of traumatic images were correlated with the reduction of PTSD severity from pretreatment to post-treatment.ResultsSymptom improvement was associated with decreased activation of the left amygdala during reappraisal, but increased activation of bilateral amygdala and hippocampus during emotional reactivity prior to treatment. Lower connectivity of the left amygdala to the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, and right insula, and that between the left hippocampus and right amygdala were also associated with symptom improvement.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence that optimal treatment response to TF-CBT involves the capacity to engage emotional networks during emotional processing, and also to reduce the engagement of these networks when down-regulating emotions.
Moral exemplarism and atonement
Authors: Crisp Oliver D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent work on the doctrine of atonement there has been little positive said about the view that Christ's work is principally a moral example. This article addresses that lacuna. It sets out two versions of the moral example doctrine, which are often conflated in the literature. According to the first, Christ ismerelya moral example. Such a view does not amount to a doctrine of atonement. According to the second, Christ's moral example brings about reconciliation with God through a transformative experience. This does amount to a doctrine of atonement. I raise some traditional objections to the moral example view and show that it has resources with which to withstand them. However, moral exemplarism still has difficulties dealing with a cluster of biblical motifs about atonement. In the final analysis, it is a partial but not complete account of the saving work of Christ.
Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-ʿĀmilī's draft letter to his teacher: The culture of scholarly correspondence and the Islamic republic of letters in the sixteenth century
Authors: Stewart Devin J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on a draft letter by Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-ʿĀmilī (d. 984/1576) for his teacher Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī (d. 965/1558); both were prominent Twelver Shiite jurists from the region of Jabal ʿĀmil in what is now Lebanon. Yūsuf Ṭabājah, who first published the text, argued that Ḥusayn wrote the letter while he was in Iraqc. 957/1550 and that it describes Zayn al-Dīn's legal workal-Rawḍah al-bahiyyah. It is argued here that the book in question is more likely Zayn al-Dīn's workTamhīd al-qawāʿid, on legal and grammatical maxims, and that the letter dates toc. 958/1551. The text provides insight into the relationship between Ḥusayn and Zayn al-Dīn and the culture of scholarly correspondence.
You are my favourite! Parent–child relationships and satisfaction in later life in Italy
Authors: Tomassini Cecilia , Cisotto Elisa , Cavrini Giulia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntergenerational transfers measured in several currencies (e.g. co-residence, contact, proximity and support) have been always considered important indicators for family solidarity. Most of the studies on intergenerational transfers examine the structural characteristics of such exchanges (as distance, frequency, type, motives), emphasising the potential positive association between the structure and the quality of parent–child relationships. Additionally, while most surveys include questions on the structural indicators of family exchanges, it is still uncommon for them to contain assessments of the relationships between parents and their adult children as well. Using the Italian 2009 Family Survey, this study analyses the satisfaction of parent–child relationships for parents aged 65 and older. After examining the association of such a variable with the structural indicators of intergenerational exchanges (frequency of contact), we explored the individual factors associated with satisfaction of relationships with a child using multilevel multinomial models. Overall, older Italian parents report high satisfaction in their relationships with their adult children. Additionally, a not strong, but statistically significant association between structure (contact) and satisfaction was found. This study shows how high satisfaction of relationships with children is positively associated with being a mother and being married and negatively associated with bad health status. Some of the variables considered have different impacts between the sexes of parents. Additionally, a better appreciation of relationships with daughters compared to sons was found, especially for fathers.
Coping with economic uncertainty: women's work and the protoindustrial family in eighteenth-century Lyon
Authors: Montenach Anne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse how female working conditions and remunerations were affected by the structural and economic crises that impacted Lyon's silk industry in the second half of the eighteenth century. It concentrates, at a micro level, on different circumstances in which sources allow us to see women and their families coping with economic uncertainty: small-scale wage conflicts with their employers, clandestine work and illicit activities. This essay studies how women's work was a real issue in power conflicts and a tool for household adaptive strategies during periods of crisis.
Female entrepreneurship as a survival strategy: women during the early mechanisation of corn tortilla production in Mexico City
Authors: Gómez-Galvarriato Aurora 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUntil the nineteenth -century tortilla production was carried out by women through rudimentary methods. New technology for corn milling spread during the 1910s, coinciding with the Mexican Revolution. The analysis of nixtamal corn mills and tortilla shops in Mexico City in 1924 shows that the mechanisation of milling led to masculinisation and an increase in the gender wage gap. However, since tortilla-making remained unmechanised, it allowed hundreds of women to establish tortilla shops that mostly hired women. Their entrepreneurship can be considered a survival strategy of women confronting a technological change in an era of political, social and economic turmoils.
Serum carotenoid concentrations and their association with ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes within the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study
Authors: Flores Sanchez P , Muilwijk M , Nicolaou M , Snijder MB , Peters RJG , van Valkengoed IGM 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Studies have reported an inverse association between a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but data on high-risk ethnic minority groups is limited. We investigated whether serum carotenoids, as biomarkers for fruit and vegetable intake, mediate ethnic differences in the prevalence of T2D.Design:Age-adjusted serum carotenoid concentrations were compared using ANCOVA. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using Cox regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95 % CI of the association between serum carotenoid concentrations and T2D. To study whether serum carotenoids potentially mediate the differences in the prevalence of T2D across ethnic groups, we compared PR of the model including known risk factors and the model additionally adjusted for serum carotenoid concentrations using the Dutch group as reference.Setting:A study among six ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Participants:Data on 204 Dutch, 203 South Asian Surinamese, 204 African Surinamese, 203 Turkish and 200 Moroccan-origin participants from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study were used.Results:Serum carotenoid concentrations differed across ethnic groups. After adjusting for confounders, the serum concentrations of total carotenoids (PR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·84), α-carotene (PR 0·57, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·77), β-carotene (PR 0·45, 95 % CI 0·32, 0·63) and β-cryptoxanthin (PR 0·73, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·92) were inversely associated with T2D. Despite the associations, serum carotenoids did not mediate the ethnic differences in the prevalence of T2D.Conclusions:The limited contribution of serum carotenoids to ethnic differences in T2D suggests that a focus on increasing fruit and vegetable intake alone will not likely eliminate ethnic differences in T2D prevalence.
Splitting Epistemic Logic Programs
Authors: CABALAR PEDRO , FANDINNO JORGE , FARIÑAS DEL CERRO LUIS 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEpistemic logic programs constitute an extension of the stable model semantics to deal with new constructs called subjective literals. Informally speaking, a subjective literal allows checking whether some objective literal is true in all or some stable models. As it can be imagined, the associated semantics has proved to be non-trivial, since the truth of subjective literals may interfere with the set of stable models it is supposed to query. As a consequence, no clear agreement has been reached and different semantic proposals have been made in the literature. Unfortunately, comparison among these proposals has been limited to a study of their effect on individual examples, rather than identifying general properties to be checked. In this paper, we propose an extension of the well-known splitting property for logic programs to the epistemic case. We formally define when an arbitrary semantics satisfies the epistemic splitting property and examine some of the consequences that can be derived from that, including its relation to conformant planning and to epistemic constraints. Interestingly, we prove (through counterexamples) that most of the existing approaches fail to fulfill the epistemic splitting property, except the original semantics proposed by Gelfond 1991 and a recent proposal by the authors, called Founded Autoepistemic Equilibrium Logic.
Design and qualification of Ku-band-radiating chains for receive active array antennas of flexible telecommunication satellites
Authors: Pascale Vincenzo , Maiarelli Davide , D'Agristina Luciano , Gatti Nicola 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAirbus Italia recently developed enhanced passive components as key elements for its telecommunication Ku-band antenna product lines, tailored to reconfigurable payloads. This paper describes the design and qualification of a dual linear polarization Ku-band-radiating chain, developed for the DRA receive (Rx) active antennas embarked on the Eutelsat Quantum satellite. The feed chain covers the entire Ku-band frequency range allocated for fixed satellite services providing receive functionality and embedding sharp rejection features over the adjacent transmit band. The proposed design provides high radiation efficiency (>90%) and polarization purity (XPD > 33 dB), together with low RF losses and flat group-delay variation over a 13% fractional bandwidth, keeping a compact size and reduced axial length. The unit has been optimized for high reproducibility in high volume productions, typical of large DRA applications, for which stringent mass and dimensional constraints, as well as excellent amplitude and phase tracking among similar units, are key features. Details of the feed chain design and an overview of RF and environmental qualification test results are presented.
Dissolved Thorium Isotope Evidence for Export Productivity in the Subtropical North Pacific During the Late Quaternary
Authors: Liu Ruolin , Wang Maoyu , Li Weiqiang , Shi Xuefa , Chen Tianyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe vast area of the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG) makes it an important region in exporting biogenic particles and carbon to the deep ocean. Nevertheless, we remain largely ignorant on its past changes in export productivity, leaving an important gap in the understanding of ocean‐climate interactions during the late Quaternary. Here, we take a novel approach to study the particle export via reconstruction of dissolved 230Th/232Th based on ferromanganese crusts in deep waters of the NPSG at 3.8‐ and 2.8‐km water depth, respectively. The U‐series data indicate stable growth rates of both samples and a rather small variability of their initial (230Th/232Th) in the last ca. 0.7 Myr. These glacial–interglacial integrated values are only about half of the modern dissolved (230Th/232Th) in the deep NPSG, reflecting increased dust dissolution and also particle scavenging related to ~10–40% higher average export productivity than today.
Detailed Seismic Bathymetry Beneath Ekström Ice Shelf, Antarctica: Implications for Glacial History and Ice‐Ocean Interaction
Authors: Smith Emma C. , Hattermann Tore , Kuhn Gerhard , Gaedicke Christoph , Berger Sophie , Drews Reinhard , Ehlers Todd A. , Franke Dieter , Gromig Rapahel , Hofstede Coen , Lambrecht Astrid , Läufer Andreas , Mayer Christoph , Tiedemann Ralf , Wilhelms Frank , Eisen Olaf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe shape of ice shelf cavities are a major source of uncertainty in understanding ice‐ocean interactions. This limits assessments of the response of the Antarctic ice sheets to climate change. Here we use vibroseis seismic reflection surveys to map the bathymetry beneath the Ekström Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land. The new bathymetry reveals an inland‐sloping trough, reaching depths of 1,100 m below sea level, near the current grounding line, which we attribute to erosion by palaeo‐ice streams. The trough does not cross‐cut the outer parts of the continental shelf. Conductivity‐temperature‐depth profiles within the ice shelf cavity reveal the presence of cold water at shallower depths and tidal mixing at the ice shelf margins. It is unknown if warm water can access the trough. The new bathymetry is thought to be representative of many ice shelves in Dronning Maud Land, which together regulate the ice loss from a substantial area of East Antarctica.