bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics of Long‐Lived Mammals
Authors: Tombline Gregory , Gigas Jonathan , Macoretta Nicholas , Zacher Max , Emmrich Stephan , Zhao Yang , Seluanov Andrei , Gorbunova Vera 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMammalian species differ up to 100‐fold in their aging rates and maximum lifespans. Long‐lived mammals appear to possess traits that extend lifespan and healthspan. Genomic analyses have not revealed a single pro‐longevity function that would account for all longevity effects. In contrast, it appears that pro‐longevity mechanisms may be complex traits afforded by connections between metabolism and protein functions that are impossible to predict by genomic approaches alone. Thus, metabolomics and proteomics studies will be required to understand the mechanisms of longevity. Several examples are reviewed that demonstrate the naked mole rat (NMR) shows unique proteomic signatures that contribute to longevity by overcoming several hallmarks of aging. SIRT6 is also discussed as an example of a protein that evolves enhanced enzymatic function in long‐lived species. Finally, it is shown that several longevity‐related proteins such as Cip1/p21, FOXO3, TOP2A, AKT1, RICTOR, INSR, and SIRT6 harbor posttranslational modification (PTM) sites that preferentially appear in either short‐ or long‐lived species and provide examples of crosstalk between PTM sites. Prospects of enhancing lifespan and healthspan of humans by altering metabolism and proteoforms with drugs that mimic changes observed in long‐lived species are discussed.
Ultra‐High Fidelity Laser‐Induced Air Shock from Energetic Materials
Authors: Biss Matthew M. , Brown Kathryn E. , Tilger Christopher F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent interest in the implementation of the Laser‐induced Air Shock from Energetic Materials (LASEM) technique prompted an investigation using ultra‐high‐speed imaging diagnostics to provide early‐time (sub‐μs) shock‐wave‐radius‐versus‐time data necessary to accurately determine the characteristic laser‐induced‐shock velocity (y‐intercept) for high explosives (HE) of interest. Ultra‐high‐speed focused‐shadowgraphy images were collected from nanosecond‐pulsed laser‐ablated samples of HE similar to those in the published literature. Shadowgraphy images were collected using interframe times ranging from 50–750 ns, with exposure times of 5 ns. Acquired shock‐wave‐radius‐versus‐time data permitted a high‐fidelity assessment of the shock wave velocity produced at the characteristic radius of the generated laser‐plasma pulse. The resulting data from eight different HE indicated that early‐time energy contributions and the resulting laser‐induced shock velocity profiles produced from ablation of the HE material were indistinguishable amongst the explosives tested for the majority of the time domain characterized (0–12 μs).
Effect of DGTN Content on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Modified Single‐Base Gun Propellant Containing NQ and RDX
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Yang Huiqun , Han Jinchao , Gao Kangjian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to improve the mechanical properties of nitroguanidine (NQ) base modified single‐base gun propellant, five kinds of propellants with different contents (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 %) were prepared to study the effect of diglycerol tetranitrate (DGTN) content on the mechanical properties and thermal behaviors of the gun propellant. The impact strength and compress strength were tested by simple beam impact testing machine and universal materials testing machine, respectively. The thermal stability and thermal characteristic were tested by vacuum stability test (VST) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experimental data on comparative study indicates that the mechanical properties of gun propellant can be improved for addition of DGTN. The gun propellant has a better comprehensive mechanical property containing 2 % DGTN. Compared with the blank sample, the impact strength and compression ratio of the propellant increased by 11.36 % and 28 % respectively, and the compression strength decreased by 1.9 %. The vacuum stability results determined that the thermal stability of the five propellants is evaluated to be eligible and increases with the increase of DGTN content. The enthalpy of activation and free energy of activation of propellant increased for the addition of DGTN, the entropy of activation and enthalpy of activation decreased with the increase of DGTN content.
Fire behaviors of vertical and horizontal polymethyl methacrylate slabs under autoignition conditions
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Wang Chaoyi , Shen Yiming , Lin Peng , Shi Long 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, horizontal and vertical black polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples were investigated experimentally and theoretically under 25‐70 kW/m2 heat flux with autoignition conditions. An empirical model was developed to predict the autoignition time, where the significance of this model is to unify the prediction for both horizontal and vertical samples. Both horizontal and vertical samples show similar phenomena, such as burning stages and no higher than 2 cm sample expansion. It is obtained that the vertical samples show averagely 21% lower CO yield and also longer ignition time than those of the horizontal samples, while the CO2 yield increases about 24%. However, the vertical samples show a relatively high fire risk. This can be reflected by higher surface temperature, bigger average heat release rate (HRR) and mass loss rate (MLR), higher peak MLR, longer bubbling stage, higher CO2 yield, where the differences become even bigger under a higher external heat flux. A linear relationship was found between the average HRR of vertical and horizontal samples, and also between the ignition temperature and external heat flux for both orientated samples. The research outcomes provide a practical basis and guide for the risk assessment of combustible materials under both vertical and horizontal orientation.
Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide regulates the intestinal homeostasis disruption induced by toxic chemicals in Drosophila
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Sihong , Jin Li Hua 
Published: November 2019

The intestinal epithelium provides the first line of defense against pathogens and toxic compounds. The ingestion of toxic compounds causes an enhanced epithelial cell death and an excessive proliferation of intestinal stem cells, eventually resulting in the disruption of gut homeostasis. In this study, Drosophila gut inflammation model induced by toxic compounds was exploited to analyze the ameliorative effect of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide on the disruption of gut homeostasis. As a result, it was found that A. senticosus polysaccharide can significantly increase the survival rate of Drosophila adults as well as reduce the excessive proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells through epidermal growth factor receptor, jun‐N‐terminal kinase, and Notch signaling pathways under the exposure to toxic compounds dextran sodium sulfate. Moreover, the polysaccharide effectively decreased the epithelial cell death and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and antimicrobial peptides induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate. In addition, it was found that A. senticosus polysaccharide can extend the lifespan of only female flies but not male flies. In conclusion, A. senticosus polysaccharide has an obvious protective effect on the gut homeostasis of Drosophila melanogaster.
Integrated multiresponse parameter and tolerance design with model parameter uncertainty
Authors: Han Yunxia , Ma Yizhong , Ouyang Linhan , Wang Jianjun , Tu Yiliu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntegrated parameter and tolerance design is a cost‐effective method to multiresponse quality improvement. However, previous methods usually ignore model parameter uncertainty, dispersion effect, or correlation among responses. This may lead to the obtained optimal solutions far from the true optimal values of parameters and tolerances. To address the problem, a novel integrated parameter and tolerance design method is proposed to solve correlated multiple response problems under consideration of model parameter uncertainty, the location and dispersion effects of the quality loss, and the tolerance costs simultaneously. As there usually exists uncertainty in the quality loss and tolerance costs, multiobjective optimization is adopted to seek for the robust optimal solutions. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are illustrated with a practical example and a random simulation example. The results show that the proposed method provides more reasonable results in quality improvement and cost reduction than those of the existing methods.
Green entrepreneurship inclination among the younger generation: An avenue towards a green economy
Authors: Soomro Bahadur Ali , Ghumro Ikhtiar Ali , Shah Naimatullah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current study sought to predict the inclination toward green entrepreneurship among the younger generation. The study employed a deductive approach by collecting cross‐sectional data. Bachelor and Master's degree students in business management and entrepreneurship courses comprised the respondents. The study analyzed 284 usable survey questionnaires in its final estimation. The results obtained by employing structural equation modeling (SEM) show the positive and significant impact of sustainability orientation and sustainability education on the green entrepreneurship inclination. In contrast, the nonsignificant effect of self‐efficacy on green entrepreneurship inclination is detected among respondents. The study's findings would support the government, policy makers, and university authorities in developing a tailor‐made awareness program through building a curriculum that could offer greater inclination toward green and sustainable education. The outcomes may lead to providing a better living place for future generations worldwide.
Whole‐Genome Regulation for Yeast Metabolic Engineering
Authors: Jiang Shuangying , Si Tong , Dai Junbiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs the most thoroughly investigated eukaryotic microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used as a cell factory for producing valuable compounds. Currently, strain construction and optimization still cost a vast amount of capital and time to achieve industrially relevant parameters. To efficiently excavate the genetic factors required for desired traits, many high‐throughput genome engineering tools are developed. This review focuses on the genome‐wide approaches that are applied in yeast. Through multiplex genome editing and/or transcription regulation, these tools generate cell populations with great genetic diversity, enabling identification of the critical factors and synergistic interactions in a short time.
Toward scalable cloud data center simulation using high‐level architecture
Authors: Elahi Bukhtawar , Malik Asad Waqar , Rahman Anis U. , Khan Muazzam A. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryExisting simulators are designed to simulate a few thousand nodes due to the tight integration of modules. Thus, with limited simulator scalability, researchers/developers are unable to simulate protocols and algorithms in detail, although cloud simulators provide geographically distributed data centers environment but lack the support for execution on distributed systems. In this paper, we propose a distributed simulation framework referred to as CloudSimScale. The framework is designed on top of highly adapted CloudSim with communication among different modules managed using IEEE Std 1516 (high‐level architecture). The underlying modules can now run on the same or different physical systems and still manage to discover and communicate with one another. Thus, the proposed framework provides scalability across distributed systems and interoperability across modules and simulators.
Release Kinetics and Antimicrobial Properties of Iodinated Species Liberated from Physically and Chemically Modified Starch Granules
Authors: Tran Melissa , Castro Jordan , O'Brien Katherine R. , Pham Candace , Bird Terry H. , Iovine Peter M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, the preparation of iodine‐loaded high amylose starch (HAS) granules and their utility as slow release reservoirs for the delivery of antimicrobial iodinated species are described. Several varieties of HAS granules are studied including those that are physically or chemically modified. Granules are impregnated with iodinated species, resulting in stained materials that are bench stable. Mass gain after staining with Lugol's solution range from 5 to 18 wt% depending on the type of starch granule. Release kinetics for both chemically and physically modified iodinated granules show an initial burst phase followed by a tapering of iodinated species release. A two‐step granule pretreatment protocol is developed that significantly alters the release of iodinated species relative to granules that are untreated. Microbiological data indicate that even after 2 weeks, unmodified and lyophilized iodinated granules release sufficient quantities of antimicrobial iodine to completely kill planktonic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pretreated lyophilized granules also show complete killing power at 3.5 weeks. Although increasing the temperature from 25 to 37 °C does not alter the release characteristics, the addition of salt significantly inhibits release.
TGF‐β1 mediated Smad signaling pathway and EMT in hepatic fibrosis induced by Nano NiO in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Chang Xuhong , Wang Haibing , Liu Yunlan , Wang Xiaoxia , Wu Minmin , Zhan Haibing , Li Sheng , Sun Yingbiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNickel oxide nanoparticles (Nano NiO) bears hepatotoxicity, while whether it leads to liver fibrosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to establish the Nano NiO‐induced hepatic fibrosis model in vivo and investigate the roles of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) in Smad pathway activation, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurrence, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in vitro. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg Nano NiO by intratracheal instilling twice a week for 9 weeks. HepG2 cells were treated with 100 μg/mL Nano NiO and TGF‐β1 inhibitor (SB431542) to explore the mechanism of collagen formation. Results of Masson staining as well as the elevated levels of type I collagen (Col‐I) and Col‐III suggested that Nano NiO resulted in hepatic fibrosis in rats. Furthermore, Nano NiO increased the protein expression of TGF‐β1, p‐Smad2, p‐Smad3, alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP1), while decreased the protein content of E‐cadherin and Smad7 in rat liver and HepG2 cells. Most importantly, Nano NiO‐triggered the abnormal expression of the abovementioned proteins were all alleviated by co‐treatment with SB431542, implying that TGF‐β1‐mediated Smad pathway, EMT and MMP9/TIMP1 imbalance were involved in overproduction of collagen in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that Nano NiO induced hepatic fibrosis via TGF‐β1‐mediated Smad pathway activation, EMT occurrence, and ECM deposition.
Empire of Riches: Visions of Dutch Commercial Imperialism, c. 1600–1750
Authors: Weststeijn Arthur 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter uncovers the intellectual roots of the exceptionalist narrative of the Dutch empire as a trading empire. It shows how this narrative originated in the humanist culture of the Dutch Republic around 1600 and became ingrained in elite and popular culture in the following decades. Analysing texts, imagery and urban architecture, Weststeijn argues that the idea of a non-territorial commercial empire gained weight because of its dominant manifestations in the Dutch public sphere around 1650 and in the visual culture of the European Enlightenment, which celebrated Dutch commercial imperialism as a Company-Republic. The dominance of this representation of empire in terms of a corporate instead of a national entity explains why the concept of a ‘Dutch empire’ never became an ideological construct.
Understanding Digital Earth
Authors: Liu Zhen , Foresman Tim , van Genderen John , Wang Lizhe 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the two decades since the debut of the Digital Earth (DE) vision, a concerted international effort has engaged in nurturing the development of a technology framework and harnessing applications to preserve the planet and sustain human societies. Evolutionary threads can be traced to key historic and multidisciplinary foundations, which were presciently articulated and represented at the first International Symposium on Digital Earth hosted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999. Pioneering groups in government, industry, and academia have cultivated this fertile futuristic conceptual model with technological incubation and exploratory applications. An array of space-age developments in computers, the internet and communications, Earth observation satellites, and spatially oriented applications sparked an innovative discipline. The Beijing Declaration on Digital Earth is recognized for its role in promulgating the series of International Symposia on Digital Earth to promote understanding of the impacts of DE technology and applications on behalf of humankind. Combinations of industrial, academic, and government organizations have rapidly advanced the technological components necessary for implementing the DE vision. Commercial leaders such as Google have accelerated the influence of DE for large segments of society. Challenges remain regarding requisite collaboration on international standards to optimize and accelerate DE implementation scenarios. This chapter provides an overview of the DE initiative and basic framework, the global response to DE, the evolution of DE, its relationship to key global science initiatives, and the response to global challenges.
Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Guérin Eric , Aydin Orhun , Mahdavi-Amiri Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, we provide an overview of different artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques and discuss how these techniques have been employed in managing geospatial data sets as they pertain to Digital Earth. We introduce statistical ML methods that are frequently used in spatial problems and their applications. We discuss generative models, one of the hottest topics in ML, to illustrate the possibility of generating new data sets that can be used to train data analysis methods or to create new possibilities for Digital Earth such as virtual reality or augmented reality. We finish the chapter with a discussion of deep learning methods that have high predictive power and have shown great promise in data analysis of geospatial data sets provided by Digital Earth.
Geospatial Information Visualization and Extended Reality Displays
Authors: Çöltekin Arzu , Griffin Amy L. , Slingsby Aidan , Robinson Anthony C. , Christophe Sidonie , Rautenbach Victoria , Chen Min , Pettit Christopher , Klippel Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, we review and summarize the current state of the art in geovisualization and extended reality (i.e., virtual, augmented and mixed reality), covering a wide range of approaches to these subjects in domains that are related to geographic information science. We introduce the relationship between geovisualization, extended reality and Digital Earth, provide some fundamental definitions of related terms, and discuss the introduced topics from a human-centric perspective. We describe related research areas including geovisual analytics and movement visualization, both of which have attracted wide interest from multidisciplinary communities in recent years. The last few sections describe the current progress in the use of immersive technologies and introduce the spectrum of terminology on virtual, augmented and mixed reality, as well as proposed research concepts in geographic information science and beyond. We finish with an overview of “dashboards”, which are used in visual analytics as well as in various immersive technologies. We believe the chapter covers important aspects of visualizing and interacting with current and future Digital Earth applications.
Transformation in Scale for Continuous Zooming
Authors: Li Zhilin , Yan Haowen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the theories and methods in continuous zooming for Digital Earth. It introduces the basic concepts of and issues in continuous zooming and transformation in scale (or multiscale transformation). It presents the theories of transformation in scale, including the concepts of multiscale versus variable scale, transformation in the Euclidean space versus the geographical space, and the theoretical foundation for transformation in scale, the Natural Principle. It addresses models for transformations in scale, including space-primary hierarchical models, feature-primary hierarchical models, models of transformation in scale for irregular triangulation networks, and the models for geometric transformation of map data. It also discusses the mathematical solutions to transformations in scale (including upscaling and downscaling) for both raster (numerical and categorical data) and vector (point set data, line data set and area data) data. In addition, some concluding remarks are provided.
Pharmacokinetic modeling of intravenous sildenafil in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Cochius - den Otter Suzan C. M. , Kipfmueller Florian , de Winter Brenda C. M. , Allegaert Karel , Tibboel Dick , Mueller Andreas , Koch Birgit C. P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
We developed a pharmacokinetic model of intravenous sildenafil in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) to achieve a target plasma concentration of over 50 μg/l.

Methods
Twenty-three CDH newborns with pulmonary hypertension (64 blood samples) received intravenous sildenafil. Patients received a loading dose of 0.35 mg/kg (IQR 0.16 mg/kg) for 3 h, followed by a continuous infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/day (IQR 0.1 mg/kg/day). For model development, non-linear mixed modeling was used. Inter-individual variability (IIV) and inter-occasion variability were tested. Demographic and laboratory parameters were evaluated as covariates. Normalized prediction distribution errors (NPDE) and visual predictive check (VPC) were used for model validation.

Results
A two-compartment disposition model of sildenafil and a one-compartment disposition model of desmethyl sildenafil (DMS) was observed with IIV in sildenafil and DMS clearance and volume of distribution of sildenafil. NPDE and VPC revealed adequate predictability. Only postnatal age increased sildenafil clearance. This was partly compensated by a higher DMS concentration, which also has a therapeutic effect. In this small group of patients, sildenafil was tolerated well.

Conclusions
This model for sildenafil in CDH patients shows that concentration-targeted sildenafil dosing of 0.4 mg/kg in 3 h, followed by 1.6 mg/kg/day continuous infusion achieves appropriate sildenafil plasma levels.