bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rhythm of hormones in genes
Authors: Anithasri Anbalagan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHormones are the major signaling molecules that have a complex signaling cascade involving intracellular and intranuclear receptors, coreceptors, and signal transduction pathways. The molecular mechanism of hormonal action is written in a poetic verse to kindle the interest of students and to augment their affinity toward the onerous yet awesome topic. The hormones are secreted from the site of their synthesis and carried by transport binding proteins to exert their action in their target cells at a different site. Cortisol and aldosterone are derived from cholesterol with pregnenolone as an intermediate. Cortisol binds to the Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the cytoplasm by displacing the heat shock protein (hsp) already bound to it. The receptor ligand complex then traverses the nuclear membrane and binds to the Glucocorticoid Responsive Element (GRE) in the DNA. Except the orphan receptors, the nuclear receptors of thyroid, retinol (Vitamin A) and calcitriol (Vitamin D) exist as heterodimers and are bound to the DNA by their DNA binding domains. These nuclear receptors exist as heterodimers partnered with RXR (retinoic x receptor). Binding of insulin to its receptor on the target cells results in a cascade of intracellular events that involves activation of various kinases like PDK, mTOR and MAPK. This leads to phosphorylation of signal molecules that mediates the actions of insulin. Somatotropin (Growth hormone) and prolactin acts by JAK‐STAT pathway where the phosphorylated STAT protein dimerises and translocates to the nucleus and binds to Interferon Responsive Element and activates transcription. Somatotropin prevents dwarfism by promoting growth and prolactin promotes synthesis of milk by mammary glands. The communication between the nuclear receptors (FXR, LXR, PPAR‐Gamma) and the basal transcription apparatus is accomplished by protein – protein interaction between the nuclear receptors and the nuclear coregulators like CREB, TRAP and DRIP. These coregulators bind to various coactivators and transcription factors that activate RNA polymerase resulting in the synthesis of Pre‐pri RNA strand. Hence hormones act as first messengers that initiates the expression of genetic message in the codon of genes as protein synthesis by a process of translation.
A community‐based lung cancer rapid tissue donation protocol provides high‐quality drug‐resistant specimens for proteogenomic analyses
Authors: Boyle Theresa A. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Schabath Matthew B. , Muñoz‐Antonia Teresita , Saller James J. , Duarte Luisa F. , Hair Laura S. , Teer Jamie K. , Chiang Derek Y. , Leary Rebecca , Wong Connie C. , Savchenko Alexander , Singh Angad P. , Charette LaSalette , Mendell Kate , Gorgun Gullu , Antonia Scott J. , Chiappori Alberto A. , Creelan Benjamin C. , Gray Jhanelle E. , Haura Eric B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor the advancement of cancer research, the collection of tissue specimens from drug‐resistant tumors after targeted therapy is crucial. Although patients with lung cancer are often provided targeted therapy, post‐therapy specimens are not routinely collected due to the risks of collection, limiting the study of targeted therapy resistance mechanisms. Posthumous rapid tissue donation (RTD) is an expedient collection process that provides an opportunity to understand treatment‐resistant lung cancers.MethodsConsent to participate in the thoracic RTD protocol was obtained during patient care. When death occurred, tumor and paired non‐tumor, cytology, and blood specimens were collected within 48 hours and preserved as formalin‐fixed and frozen specimens. Tissue sections were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) against multiple biomarkers, including various programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) clones. Next‐generation sequencing was performed on 13 specimens from 5 patients.ResultsPostmortem specimens (N = 180) were well preserved from 9 patients with lung cancer. PD‐L1 IHC revealed heterogeneity within and between tumors. An AGK‐BRAF fusion was newly identified in tumor from a donor with a known echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4 to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4‐ALK) fusion and history of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor therapy. RNA expression analysis revealed a clonal genetic origin of metastatic cancer cells.ConclusionsPost‐therapy specimens demonstrated PD‐L1 heterogeneity and an acyl glycerol kinase to B‐rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (AGK‐BRAF) fusion in a patient with an EML4‐ALK–positive lung adenocarcinoma as a potential resistance mechanism to ALK inhibitor therapy. Rapid tissue donation collection of postmortem tissue from lung cancer patients is a novel approach to cancer research that enables studies of molecular evolution and drug resistance.
Management and outcomes of non–small cell lung cancer patients with rapid progression under second‐or‐more‐line immune checkpoint inhibitors: ERORECI study (GFPC 2016‐04)
Authors: Vergnenegre Alain , Geier Margaux , Guisier Florian , Lamy Regine , Comet Bénédicte , Le Garff Gwenaelle , Do Pascal , Janicot Henri , Morel Hugues , Decroisette Chantal , Andre Michel , Falchero Lionel , Paleiron Nicolas , Monnet Isabelle ,   the GFPC Team
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as second‐line therapy for advanced non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) progressing after platinum‐based chemotherapy. However, some patients' disease progressed rapidly and sometimes exhibited explosive tumor progression. This descriptive, prospective study aimed to assess the characteristics of nonresponders with rapid progression (RP), defined as progression‐free survival (PFS) ≤2 or 2‐4 months under ICIs.MethodsThis analysis included all consecutive ICI‐treated (second‐or‐more line) patients with RP ≤4 months from 1 September 2016 to 31 August 2017 and compared the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes (overall survival [OS]; responses; PFS, according to treatment line) of NSCLCs that progressed after ≤2 vs 2‐4 months on ICIs.ResultsComparisons of the 224 (70.2%) patients with ≤2‐month and 95 (29.8%) with 2‐ to 4‐month RP revealed the former had less frequent nonsmokers and ECOG PS = 0, more frequent stage IV disease and higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Their respective ICI PFS rates were: 1.6 [95% CI: 0.1‐2] and 2.7 [2.0‐4.2] months, with 16.5% and 11.6% having partial responses to first‐ and second‐line therapies post‐ICI chemotherapy. Their respective median OS rates were 6.0 and 9.0 months (P ≤ .009). Multivariate analysis retained only PFS of the first‐line therapy pre‐ICI and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio at ICI onset as being significantly associated with ≤2‐month RP.ConclusionIn the real‐life setting, NSCLC RP on ICI remains a challenge. New descriptive and analytic studies are needed to identify factors predictive of RP.
New Platinum(II) Triazole Thiosemicarbazone Complexes: Analysis of Their Reactivity and Potential Antitumoral Action
Authors: Matesanz Ana I. , Herrero Jorge M. , Faraco Eva J. , Cubo Leticia , Quiroga Adoracion G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of three new platinum complexes, with 3,5‐diacetyl‐1,2,4‐triazole bis(4‐N‐isopropylthiosemicarbazone) as a ligand, are reported. The specific conditions under which solvent coordination takes place are reported and the X‐ray structure of the complex with one solvent molecule of dimethyl sulfoxide is resolved. Analysis of the reactivity of these platinum compounds aids in finding the best solution profile for biological investigations. Then, the interactions of the complexes with biological models, such as calf‐thymus DNA, are studied by using UV spectroscopy and tracking the changes in electrophoretic mobility produced in the supercoiled plasmid DNA model. Initial screening of these potential antitumoral compounds indicates possible selective antitumoral action.
Copper(I) Phosphinooxazoline Complexes: Impact of the Ligand Substitution and Steric Demand on the Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Giereth Robin , Mengele Alexander K. , Frey Wolfgang , Kloß Marvin , Steffen Andreas , Karnahl Michael , Tschierlei Stefanie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of seven homoleptic CuI complexes based on hetero‐bidentate P^N ligands was synthesized and comprehensively characterized. In order to study structure–property relationships, the type, size, number and configuration of substituents at the phosphinooxazoline (phox) ligands were systematically varied. To this end, a combination of X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, steady‐state absorption and emission spectroscopy, time‐resolved emission spectroscopy, quenching experiments and cyclic voltammetry was used to assess the photophysical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, time‐dependent density functional theory calculations were applied to also analyze the excited state structures and characteristics. Surprisingly, a strong dependency on the chirality of the respective P^N ligand was found, whereas the specific kind and size of the different substituents has only a minor impact on the properties in solution. Most importantly, all complexes except C3 are photostable in solution and show fully reversible redox processes. Sacrificial reductants were applied to demonstrate a successful electron transfer upon light irradiation. These properties render this class of photosensitizers as potential candidates for solar energy conversion issues.
Enantioanalysis of tryptophan in whole blood samples using stochastic sensors—A screening test for gastric cancer
Authors: Ilie‐Mihai Ruxandra‐Maria , Stefan‐van Staden Raluca‐Ioana , Magerusan Lidia , Coros Maria , Pruneanu Stela 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTryptophan is a key amino acid related to metabolomics in gastric cancer. To date, methods were developed only for the assay of l‐tryptophan, the role of d‐tryptophan being not yet established. Therefore, four stochastic sensors based on different graphene materials modified with β‐cyclodextrins, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, and protoporphyrin IX were designed and used for enantioanalysis of tryptophan in whole blood samples. High sensitivities, and reliabilities were recorded when the stochastic sensors were used for the enantioanalysis of tryptophan in whole blood samples. The paper opened a new chapter in early detection of gastric cancer, based on establishing the role of d‐tryptophan in metabolomics, and in early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
CO2‐neutrale Fischer‐Tropsch‐Kraftstoffe aus dezentralen modularen Anlagen: Status und Perspektiven
Authors: Kirsch Hannah , Brübach Lucas , Loewert Marcel , Riedinger Michael , Gräfenhahn Alexander , Böltken Tim , Klumpp Michael , Pfeifer Peter , Dittmeyer Roland 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAngesichts ausbleibender Erfolge bei der Reduktion der CO2‐Emission im Verkehr treten zunehmend auch synthetische Kraftstoffe aus CO2 und erneuerbarer elektrischer Energie in den Fokus. Für diesen sog. Power‐to‐Liquid(PtL)‐Ansatz werden neben konventionellen Technologien für Großanlagen auch intensivierte Technologien für dezentrale Anlagen in Betracht gezogen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Entwicklungsstand und die Perspektiven kompakter Anlagen für dezentrale PtL‐Verfahren auf Basis der Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese.
Organic Ligand‐Free Hydroformylation with Rh Particles as Catalyst†
Authors: Liu Shujuan , Dai Xingchao , Wang Hongli , Wang Xinzhi , Shi Feng 
Published: November 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionAn efficient and organic ligand‐free heterogeneous catalytic system for hydroformylation of olefins is highly desirable for both academy and industry. In this study, simple Rh black was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydroformylation of olefins in the absence of organic ligand. The Rh black catalyst showed good catalytic activity for a broad substrate scope including the aliphatic and aromatic olefins, affording the desired aldehydes in good yields. Taking the hydroformylation of ethylene as an example, 86% yield of propanal and TOF of 200 h–1 were obtained, which was superior to the reported homogeneous catalytic systems. In addition, the catalyst could be reused five times without loss of activity under identical reaction conditions, and the Rh leaching was negligible after each cycle.
Characterizing the nature of worry in a sample of perinatal women with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Goldfinger Corrie , Green Sheryl M. , Furtado Melissa , McCabe Randi E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevalence of perinatal anxiety disorders continues to grow, with estimates greater than those of postpartum depression. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most commonly reported perinatal anxiety disorder, yet very little is known about the worry content experienced during the perinatal period in those with GAD. This study investigated worry content and frequency in a sample of perinatal women (n = 20) and age‐matched nonperinatal women (n = 20) diagnosed with GAD. Participants completed the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) to assess worry severity, in addition to providing their current top worries. Mean scores on the PSWQ in both samples exceeded a clinical cut‐off score of 65, and thematic analyses revealed that perinatal women experienced significantly greater parental‐themed worries compared with the nonperinatal GAD sample (p < .05). Capturing the unique content of worry for perinatal woman will assist clinicians in identifying treatment targets and may enhance treatment outcome.
Hierarchical Tubular‐Structured MoSe2 Nanosheets/N‐Doped Carbon Nanocomposite with Enhanced Sodium Storage Properties
Authors: Kim Jin Koo , Lim Ko Eun , Hwang Won Jeong , Kang Yun Chan , Park Seung‐Keun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntimately coupled carbon/molybdenum‐based hierarchical nanostructures are promising anodes for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries owing to the combined effects of the two components and their robust structural stability. Mo–polydopamine (PDA) complexes are appealing precursors for the preparation of various Mo‐based nanostructures containing N‐doped carbon (NC). A facile method for the fabrication of hierarchical tubular nanocomposites with intimately coupled MoSe2 and NC nanosheets has been developed, which involves the preparation of Mo–PDA hybrid nanotubes through a chemical route followed by two heat treatments. The strong coupling between Mo anions and the catechol groups in dopamine not only restricts the crystallite size but also inhibits agglomeration during selenization, resulting in few‐layered MoSe2 nanosheets embedded in hierarchical NC substrates. The as‐synthesized nanotube composites are constructed by assembling primary MoSe2/NC nanosheets. This unique structure not only increases the number of active sites but also shortens the diffusion length of ions and enhances the electronic conductivity of electrode materials. The as‐synthesized hierarchical MoSe2/NC nanotubes deliver a high capacity of 429 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after the 150th cycle when used as anodes in sodium‐ion batteries. Furthermore, at a high current density of 10 A g−1, a high discharge capacity of 236 mAh g−1 is achieved.
Aerodynamic and energy‐efficiency‐based assessment of plasma actuator's position on a NACA0015 airfoil
Authors: Akbıyık Hürrem , Yavuz Hakan , Akansu Yahya E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increase in the number of research papers on plasma and its use in active flow control applications. The main objective of this study is to assess the plasma actuator's position on a NACA0015 airfoil in terms of aerodynamic forces. In addition, optimization of the plasma actuator's position and its configuration are studied in order to identify the optimum configuration for improvement in lift coefficient. The experiments are conducted in an open‐suction‐type wind tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 48,000, 75,000, and 100,000. The plasma actuators are mounted on various positions (x/C) starting from the leading edge to trailing edge of the airfoil. The experimental results on aerodynamic force measurement are presented to illustrate the increasing lift effect of the generated plasma. It is also shown that the plasma actuators used as an active flow control device appears to shift the stall angle of the airfoil. The results of the experimental study suggest that the energy efficiency of airborne systems can be improved with the use of plasma actuators due to its increasing lift coefficient effect. This result becomes a vital finding considering that the same flight can be achieved with less fuel and less amount of environmental pollution for the same distance of journey. It is also worth mentioning that increasing lift effect would mean taking off from a shorter runway or allowing the airborne vehicle with the ability to fly with additional payload.
Browsing and fire decreases dominance of a resprouting shrub in woody encroached grassland
Authors: O’Connor Rory C. , Taylor Jeffrey H. , Nippert Jesse B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNorth American grasslands have experienced increased relative abundance of shrubs and trees over the last 150 yr. Alterations in herbivore composition, abundance, and grazing pressure along with changes in fire frequency are drivers that can regulate the transition from grassland to shrubland or woodland (a process known as woody encroachment). Historically, North American grasslands had a suite of large herbivores that grazed and/or browsed (i.e., bison, elk, pronghorn, deer), as well as frequent and intense fires. In the tallgrass prairie, many large native ungulates were extirpated by the 1860s, corresponding with increased homesteading (which led to decreased fire frequencies and intensities). Changes in the frequency and intensity of these two drivers (browsing and fire) have coincided with woody encroachment in tallgrass prairie. Within tallgrass prairie, woody encroachment can be categorized in to two groups: non‐resprouting species that can be killed with fire and resprouting species that cannot be killed with fire. Resprouting species require additional active management strategies to decrease abundance and eventually be removed from the ecosystem. In this study, we investigated plant cover, ramet density, and physiological effects of continuous simulated browsing and prescribed fire onCornus drummondiiC.A. Mey, a resprouting clonal native shrub species. Browsing reducedC. drummondiicanopy cover and increased grass cover. We also observed decreased ramet density, which allowed for more infilling of grasses. Photosynthetic rates between browsed and unbrowsed control shrubs did not increase in 2015 or 2016. In 2017, photosynthetic rates for browsed shrubs were higher in the unburned site than the unbrowsed control shrubs at the end of the growing season. Additionally, after the prescribed fire, browsed shrubs had ~90% decreased cover, ~50% reduced ramet density, and grass cover increased by ~80%. In the roots of browsed shrubs after the prescribed fire, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) experienced a twofold reduction in glucose and a threefold reduction in both sucrose and starch. The combined effects of browsing and fire show strong potential as a successful management tool to decrease the abundance of clonal‐resprouting woody plants in mesic grasslands and illustrate the potential significance of browsers as a key driver in this ecosystem.
Eligibility of sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors among patients with diabetes mellitus admitted for heart failure
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Wu Jingjing , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Felker Gary Michael , Udell Jacob A. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Hernandez Adrian F. , DeVore Adam D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsSodium–glucose co‐transporter (SGLT)‐2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and high cardiovascular risk in two large clinical outcome trials: empagliflozin in EMPA‐REG OUTCOME and canagliflozin in CANVAS. The scope of eligibility for SGLT‐2 inhibitors (empagliflozin and canagliflozin) among patients with type 2 DM and HF, based on clinical trial criteria and current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labelling criteria, remains unknown.Methods and resultsUsing data from the US Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)—Heart Failure registry, we evaluated the proportion of patients with DM and HF eligible for SGLT‐2 inhibitor therapy based on the clinical trial criteria and the US FDA labelling criteria. The GWTG‐HF registry is a quality improvement registry of patients admitted in hospital with HF in the USA. We included GWTG‐HF registry participants meeting eligibility criteria hospitalized between August 2014 and 30 June 2017 from sites fully participating in the registry. The initial inclusion time point reflects when both drugs had FDA approval. Among the 139 317 patients (out of 407 317) with DM hospitalized with HF (in 460 hospitals; 2014 to 2017), the median age was 71 years, 47% (n = 65 685) were female, and 43% (n = 59 973) had HF with reduced ejection fraction. Overall, 43% (n = 59 943) were eligible for the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial, 45% (n = 62 818) were eligible for the CANVAS trial, and 34% (n = 47 747) of patients were eligible for either SGLT‐2 inhibitors based on the FDA labelling criteria. Among the FDA‐eligible patients, 91.5% (n = 43 708) were eligible for either the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial or the CANVAS trial. Patients who were FDA eligible, compared with those who were not, were younger (70.0 vs. 72.0 years of age), more likely to be male (57.7 vs. 50.3%), and had less burden of co‐morbidities.ConclusionsThe majority of patients with DM who are hospitalized with HF are not eligible for SGLT‐2 inhibitor therapies. Ongoing studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of SGLT‐2 inhibitors among patients with HF may potentially broaden the population that may benefit from these therapies.
Prevalence of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in China: the China Hypertension Survey, 2012–2015
Authors: Hao Guang , Wang Xin , Chen Zuo , Zhang Linfeng , Zhang Yuhui , Wei Bingqi , Zheng Congyi , Kang Yuting , Jiang Linlin , Zhu Zhenhui , Zhang Jian , Wang Zengwu , Gao Runlin ,   for the China Hypertension Survey Investigators
Published: November 2019

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a major health burden worldwide. However, there is no nationwide epidemiological data on HF in China after 2000. The aims of this study are (i) to determine the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and HF (with reduced, mid‐range, and preserved ejection fraction) in a nationally representative Chinese population, and (ii) to investigate the treatment and control of hypertension in HF patients.Methods and resultsData from the China Hypertension Survey (CHS) and 22 158 participants were eligible for analysis in this study. For each participant, a self‐reported history of HF and any other cardiovascular diseases was acquired. Two‐dimensional and Doppler echocardiography was used to assess LV dysfunction. Overall, 1.3% (estimated 13.7 million) of the Chinese adult population aged ≥35 years had HF, 1.4% of participants had LV systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <50%), and 2.7% were graded as having ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ LV diastolic dysfunction. The weighted prevalence of HF was similar between urban and rural residents (1.6% vs. 1.1%, P = 0.266), and between men and women (1.4% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.632). In addition, among HF patients with hypertension, 57.7% received antihypertensive medication, and 14.5% had their blood pressure controlled <140/90 mmHg.ConclusionsIn summary, there was an increase in the prevalence of HF, and LV dysfunction was very common in China. However, treatment and control of hypertension in participants with HF were low.Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR‐ECS‐14004641.