bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Live‐Cell Copper‐Induced Fluorescence Quenching of the Flavin‐Binding Fluorescent Protein CreiLOV
Authors: Zou Wenping , Le Khoa , Zastrow Melissa L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCreiLOV is a flavin‐binding fluorescent protein derived from the blue‐light photoreceptor protein family that contains light‐oxygen‐voltage (LOV) sensing domains. Flavin‐binding fluorescent proteins represent a promising foundation for new fluorescent reporters and biosensors that can address limitations of the well‐established green fluorescent protein (GFP) family. Flavin‐binding fluorescent proteins are smaller than GFPs, are stable over a wider pH range, offer rapid chromophore incorporation, and are oxygen‐independent so can be applied to live anaerobic organisms. Among the flavin‐binding fluorescent proteins, CreiLOV has a high quantum yield and excellent photophysical properties, making it promising for cellular applications. Here, we investigated the suitability of CreiLOV as an intensity‐ and fluorescence‐lifetime‐based metal sensor. CreiLOV selectively binds copper(II) over other biologically relevant metals with low‐micromolar affinity, resulting in fluorescence quenching and a decrease in the fluorescence lifetime that can be observed in cuvettes and live bacterial cells.
Borophene: A Metal‐free and Metallic Electrocatalyst for Efficient Converting CO2 into CH4
Authors: Qin Gangqiang , Cui Qianyi , Du Aijun , Sun Qiao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExploring novel and metal‐free electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction is of great significance not only for reducing of CO2 emission but also for energy storage. However, searching metal‐free and highly efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction is still challenging. Here, we report that a metal‐free and metallic borophene can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. Through a comprehensive DFT investigation of CO2 activation and conversion on newly fabricated metallic 2D boron sheets (borophene, β12 or χ3 boron sheets), our calculational results indicate that electron deficient borophene can provide electrons to CO2 and effectively activate the inserted CO2 by breaking π bond of CO2. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the most feasible product of CO2 reduction on the borophene is CH4 with a limiting potential of −0.27 V and the largest activation barrier of 0.98 eV along the minimum energy pathway. The very small values of the limiting potential and activation barrier indicate that CO2 reduction reaction on borophene is both thermodynamically and kinetically feasible. Overall, our work provides insight that the metal free and metallic borophene can be used as an excellent electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
Optimized Electrolytic Carbon and Electrolyte Systems for Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Hughes Matthew A. , Allen Jessica A. , Donne Scott W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of a molten Li2CO3−Na2CO3−K2CO3 eutectic is used to produce highly amorphous carbon with considerable oxygen functionalization in a process focusing on the conversion of CO2 to value‐added carbon. Electrochemical characterization of materials using multiple techniques in different electrolytes allowed for the optimization of these materials as electrochemical capacitor electrodes. Variation in capacitive performance of the investigated materials has been provided based on their physical characteristics. The synthesized carbons are hybrid materials, showing both pseudocapacitive and electric double layer contributions to the total performance. Annealing under nitrogen at 800 °C is shown to widen pores in the carbon material, resulting in an increase in medium scan rate (5–10 mV.s−1) capacitance. A stable specific capacitance of 425 F.g−1 is obtained at 5 mV s−1 in 0.5 M Na2SO4 after 1000 cycles.
Rational Design of Core‐Shell Structured C@SnO2@CNTs Composite with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Cheng Yayi , Huang Jianfeng , Cao Liyun , Xie Hui , Yu Fangli , Xi Shaohua , Shi Bingyao , Li Jiayin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSnO2 is considered to be a potential anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high specific capacity of 1494 mAh g−1. Herein, we reported the unique core‐shell structured C@SnO2@CNTs composite with controllable outer carbon thickness, which was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing process. Results show that the C@SnO2@CNTs with outer carbon layer around 1.8 nm displays high reversible capacity and long‐term cycling performance. It maintains a capacity of 850 mAh g−1 should be at current density of 200 mA g−1 up to 100 cycles. Further analysis found that the C@SnO2@CNTs composite exhibits excellent structural stability even after 100 cycles, which contributes to provide a highway for charge transmission. These results give rise to superior electrochemical performance of C@SnO2@CNTs composite and provide new insight for design metal oxide composite anode materials in LIBs field.
Detection of Transient Nanoparticle Collision Events Using Electrochemiluminescence on a Closed Bipolar Microelectrode
Authors: Defnet Peter A. , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of optical imaging and bipolar electrochemical arrays is a powerful approach for optically monitoring as well as spatially and temporally resolving heterogeneous electron‐transfer processes. Previous studies, however, have been largely limited to the study of slower or steady‐state redox processes. In this work, we use electrochemiluminescence (ECL) to demonstrate the ability to optically record transient collision events of single platinum nanoparticles on a carbon ultramicroelectrode (UME). The electrocatalytic signal of a Pt nanoparticle on a cathodic pole of a bipolar electrode is coupled to the ECL signal on the anodic pole generating a transient optical signal. Correlated amperometric (i‐t) and ECL (count‐t) traces are then compared to determine critical parameters which influence the accurate temporal resolution of these rapid events. Our results suggest that ECL can be an effective means for spatially and temporally resolving transient redox processes when used on arrays of closed bipolar electrodes.
Optimization of Catalytic Sites in Cobalt‐Modified Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon towards High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Xue Daxiang , Li Chenxue , Wei Penghui , Zhao Shulin , Yu Fengjiao , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEfficient yet low‐cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are highly desirable for energy systems such as metal‐air batteries and fuel cells. Herein, we report the synthesis of efficient cobalt‐modified nitrogen‐doped carbon (N−C/Co) electrocatalysts by using a one‐pot pyrolysis. The abundant source of N in g‐C3N4 contributes to the in situ N doping in the carbon matrix, which favors the formation of Co‐related catalytic active sites. The N−C/Co‐1 (prepared with 1 mmol Co salt) sample exhibits the best performance towards the ORR, with a positive half‐wave potential of 0.86 V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), high stability and excellent methanol tolerance, which outperforms the commercial Pt/C catalyst. We find that the high performance is dependent on the optimal content of Co that can achieve the maximum amount of Co−Nx catalytic species. In addition, we reveal that the size effect of Co nanoparticles is not the determining factor for the ORR activity in the current system, as the kinetics of the ORR reaction is dominantly determined by the active sites derived from Co−Nx species. By exploiting the N−C/Co‐1 sample as an air cathode catalyst, the assembled Zn‐air battery presents a maximal power density of 153 mW cm−2 as well as good durability during continuous cycle tests.
Acid‐Cleavable Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels Displaying Protein Release at pH 5
Authors: Ewald Johannes , Blankenburg Jan , Worm Matthias , Besch Laura , Unger Ronald E. , Tremel Wolfgang , Frey Holger , Pohlit Hannah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPEG is the gold standard polymer for pharmaceutical applications, however it lacks degradability. Degradation under physiologically relevant pH as present in endolysosomes, cancerous and inflammatory tissues is crucial for many areas. The authors present anionic ring‐opening copolymerization of ethylene oxide with 3,4‐epoxy‐1‐butene (EPB) and subsequent modification to introduce acid‐degradable vinyl ether groups as well as methacrylate (MA) units, enabling radical cross‐linking. Copolymers with different molar ratios of EPB, molecular weights (Mn) up to 10 000 g mol−1 and narrow dispersities (Đ<1.05) were prepared. Both the P(EG‐co‐isoEPB)MA copolymer and the hydrogels showed pH‐dependent, rapid hydrolysis at pH 5–6 and long‐term storage stability at neutral pH (pH 7.4). By designing the degree of polymerization and content of degradable vinyl ether groups, the release time of an entrapped protein OVA‐Alexa488 can be tailored from a few hours to several days (hydrolysis half‐life time t1/2 at pH 5: 13 h to 51 h).
Ligand Substitution of RuII–Alkylidenes to Ru(bpy)32+: Sequential Olefin Metathesis/Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Gallhof Malte , Kell Lukas , Brasholz Malte 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRuthenium(II) alkylidene complexes such as the Grubbs’ 1st and 2nd generation catalysts undergo a ligand substitution with 2,2′‐bipyridine, which readily leads to the common photoredox catalyst Ru(bpy)32+. The application of this catalyst transformation in sequential olefin metathesis/photoredox catalysis is demonstrated by way of ring‐closing metathesis (RCM)/photoredox ATRA reactions.
Semiparametric regression methods for temporal processes subject to multiple sources of censoring
Authors: Zhan Tianyu , Schaubel Douglas E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProcess regression methodology is underdeveloped relative to the frequency with which pertinent data arise. In this article, the response‐190 is a binary indicator process representing the joint event of being alive and remaining in a specific state. The process is indexed by time (e.g., time since diagnosis) and observed continuously. Data of this sort occur frequently in the study of chronic disease. A general area of application involves a recurrent event with non‐negligible duration (e.g., hospitalization and associated length of hospital stay) and subject to a terminating event (e.g., death). We propose a semiparametric multiplicative model for the process version of the probability of being alive and in the (transient) state of interest. Under the proposed methods, the regression parameter is estimated through a procedure that does not require estimating the baseline probability. Unlike the majority of process regression methods, the proposed methods accommodate multiple sources of censoring. In particular, we derive a computationally convenient variant of inverse probability of censoring weighting based on the additive hazards model. We show that the regression parameter estimator is asymptotically normal, and that the baseline probability function estimator converges to a Gaussian process. Simulations demonstrate that our estimators have good finite sample performance. We apply our method to national end‐stage liver disease data.The Canadian Journal of Statistics48: 222–237; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Targeting iNOS As a Valuable Strategy for the Therapy of Glioma
Authors: Maccallini Cristina , Gallorini Marialucia , Cataldi Amelia , Amoroso Rosa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGliomas are the most prevalent primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord. Histologically, they share features of normal glial cells, but whether gliomas originate from normal glial cells, glial or neural precursors, stem cells, or other cell types remains a topic of investigation. The enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been reported as a hallmark of chemoresistance in gliomas, and several lines of evidence have reported that a decreased proliferation of glioma cells could be related to the selective inhibition of iNOS. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of iNOS expression and activity modulation in the regulation of glioma pathogenesis, along with compounds that could act as therapeutic agents against glioma.
UniFlexView: A unified framework for consistent construction of BPMN and BPEL process views
Authors: Yongchareon Sira , Liu Chengfei , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: December 2019

SummaryProcess view technologies allow organizations to create different granularity levels of abstraction of their business processes, therefore enabling a more effective business process management, analysis, interoperation, and privacy controls. Existing research proposed view construction and abstraction techniques for block‐based (ie, BPEL) and graph‐based (ie, BPMN) process models. However, the existing techniques treat each type of the two types of models separately. Especially, this brings in challenges for achieving a consistent process view for a BPEL model that derives from a BPMN model. In this paper, we propose a unified framework, namely UniFlexView, for supporting automatic and consistent process view construction. With our framework, process modelers can use our proposed View Definition Language to specify their view construction requirements disregarding the types of process models. Our UniFlexView's system prototype has been developed as a proof of concept and demonstration of the usability and feasibility of our framework.
Board interlocks and the diffusion of CSR reporting practices: The role of market development
Authors: Sun Weizhang , Li Xuan , Geng Yanli , Yang Jinfeng , Zhang Yifei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough traditional studies concerning the diffusion effect of board interlocks stress the influence of mimetic pressures, extant studies increasingly emphasize board interlocks' communication role. From the perspective of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting, this paper seeks to investigate the validity of the two views by introducing market development as a moderating variable. Based on samples of Chinese listed companies between 2008 and 2015, we find that board interlocks positively affect firms' CSR reporting. Consistent with the communication mechanism view, the impact of board interlocks on CSR reporting is relatively weak in developed regions. With this study, we contribute to the literature concerning the diffusion effect of board interlocks and the institutional literature related to CSR reporting.
Thermal Cracking of Sugars for the Production of Glycolaldehyde and Other Small Oxygenates
Authors: Schandel Christian B. , Høj Martin , Osmundsen Christian M. , Jensen Anker D. , Taarning Esben 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThermal cracking of sugars for production of glycolaldehyde, a potential renewable platform molecule, in yields up to 74 % with up to 95 % carbon recovered in the condensed product is demonstrated using glucose as the feed. The process involves spraying an aqueous sugar solution into a fluidized bed of glass beads. Continuous operation is carried out for more than 90 h with complete conversion and stable product selectivity. Besides glycolaldehyde, the other identified condensed products are pyruvaldehyde (9 %), formaldehyde (7 %), glyoxal (2 %), acetol (2 %), and acetic acid (1 %). The effects of temperature, glucose feed concentration, and type of sugar feedstock are investigated. Cracking the monosaccharides fructose and xylose leads to very different product distributions from glucose, but similar carbon recovery. A reaction network in agreement with the main observed products from cracking of monosaccharide sugars is proposed.
From immunohistological to anatomical alterations of human pancreas in type 1 diabetes: New concepts on the stage
Authors: Nigi Laura , Maccora Carla , Dotta Francesco , Sebastiani Guido 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe histological analysis of human pancreatic samples in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been proven essential to move forward in the evaluation of in situ events characterizing T1D. Increasing availability of pancreatic tissues collected from diabetic multiorgan donors by centralized biorepositories, which have shared tissues among researchers in the field, has allowed a deeper understanding of T1D pathophysiology, using novel immunohistological and high‐throughput methods. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the main recent advancements in the characterization of cellular and molecular events involving endocrine and exocrine pancreas as well as the immune system in the onset and progression of T1D. Additionally, we underline novel elements, which provide evidence that T1D pathological changes affect not only islet β‐cells but also the entire pancreas.
Circulating osteocalcin: A potential predictor of ketosis in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhu Bing , Lin Ziwei , Chen Xianying , Gusdon Aaron M. , Shen Wenjun , Chen Jia , Zheng Liang , Sun Hang , Li Yan , Zhu Cuiling , Li Jue , Qu Shen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsOsteocalcin contributes to the regulation of endocrine system. However, the association between osteocalcin and ketosis has not been evaluated. We thus aimed to explore the relationship between total osteocalcin and risk of ketosis in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Materials and methodsWe identified 6157 diabetes patients from Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between 1 January 2011 and 1 March 2017. Six hundred eight subjects were enrolled in the retrospective cross‐sectional study: 304 T2DM patients with ketosis whose age, gender, and body mass index were matched with 304 T2DM patients without ketosis. A further retrospective nested case‐control study was conducted in 252 T2DM patients without ketosis for a mean duration of 21.58 ± 12.43 months to investigate the occurrence of ketosis.ResultsOsteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with blood ketones (adjusted r = −0.263) and urine ketones (adjusted r = −0.183). The inverse dose‐dependent relationship of osteocalcin and risk of ketosis was present across osteocalcin level quintiles (top quintile as the reference, adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 2.56 [0.80‐8.17], 3.71 [0.90‐15.29], 10.77 [2.63‐44.15], 23.81 [4.32‐131.17] per osteocalcin quintile, respectively). Ketosis occurred in 17 of the 252 T2DM patients during follow‐up. The Cox regression analysis indicated that osteocalcin was an independent protective factor against development of ketosis (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.668 [0.460‐0.971]).ConclusionsTotal osteocalcin can be used as a predictor of ketosis in T2DM.
Do most patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes, and atrial fibrillation, also have undiagnosed heart failure? A critical conceptual framework for understanding mechanisms and improving diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Packer Milton 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObesity and diabetes can lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), potentially because they both cause expansion and inflammation of epicardial adipose tissue and thus lead to microvascular dysfunction and fibrosis of the underlying left ventricle. The same process also causes an atrial myopathy, which is clinically evident as atrial fibrillation (AF); thus, AF may be the first manifestation of HFpEF. Many patients with apparently isolated AF have latent HFpEF or subsequently develop HFpEF. Most patients with obesity or diabetes who have AF and exercise intolerance have increased left atrial pressures at rest or during exercise, even in the absence of diagnosed HFpEF. Among patients with AF, those who also have latent HFpEF have increased risk for systemic thromboembolism and death. The identification of HFpEF in patients with obesity or diabetes alters the risk‐to‐benefit relationship of commonly prescribed treatments. Bariatric surgery and statins can ameliorate AF and reduce the risk for HFpEF. Conversely, antihyperglycaemic drugs that promote adipogenesis or cause sodium retention (insulin and thiazolidinediones) may increase the risk for heart failure in patients with an underlying ventricular myopathy. Patients with obesity and diabetes who undergo catheter ablation for AF are at increased risk for AF recurrence and for post‐ablation increases in pulmonary venous pressures and worsening heart failure, especially if HFpEF coexists. Therefore, AF may be the earliest indicator of HFpEF in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes, and recognition of HFpEF alters the management of these patients.
Presence, function, and regulation of IL‐17F‐expressing human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Burns Lachrissa A. , Maroof Ash , Marshall Diane , Steel Kathryn J. A. , Lalnunhlimi Sylvine , Cole Suzanne , Catrina Anca , Kirkham Bruce , Taams Leonie S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐17A has been implicated in the immunopathology of inflammatory arthritis. IL‐17F bears 50% homology to IL‐17A and has recently been suggested to play a role in inflammation. We investigated the induction and cytokine profile of IL‐17F+ CD4+ T cells, and how IL‐17F may contribute to inflammation. Upon culture of healthy donor CD4+ T cells with IL‐1β, IL‐23, anti‐CD3, and anti‐CD28 mAb, both IL‐17A and IL‐17F‐expressing cells were detected. In comparison to IL‐17A+IL‐17F− CD4+ T cells, IL‐17F+IL‐17A− and IL‐17A+IL‐17F+ CD4+ T cells contained lower proportions of IL‐10‐expressing and GM‐CSF‐expressing cells and higher proportions of IFN‐γ‐expressing cells. Titration of anti‐CD28 mAb revealed that strong co‐stimulation increased IL‐17F+IL‐17A− and IL‐17A+IL‐17F+ CD4+ T cell frequencies, whereas IL‐17A+IL‐17F− CD4+ T cell frequencies decreased. This was partly mediated via an IL‐2‐dependent mechanism. Addition of IL‐17A, IL‐17F, and TNF‐α to synovial fibroblasts from patients with inflammatory arthritis resulted in significant production of IL‐6 and IL‐8, which was reduced to a larger extent by combined blockade of IL‐17A and IL‐17F than blockade of IL‐17A alone. Our data indicate that IL‐17A and IL‐17F are differentially regulated upon T cell co‐stimulation, and that dual blockade of IL‐17A and IL‐17F reduces inflammation more effectively than IL‐17A blockade alone.
Dissociating automatic associations: Comparing two implicit measurements of race bias
Authors: Volpert‐Esmond Hannah I. , Scherer Laura D. , Bartholow Bruce D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWeak correspondence across different implicit bias tasks may arise from the contribution of unique forms of automatic and controlled processes to response behavior. Here, we examined the correspondence between estimates of automatic and controlled processing derived from two sequential priming tasks with identical structure and timing designed to separately measure stereotypic (Weapons Identification Task; WIT) and evaluative (Affective Priming Task; APT) associations. Across two studies using predominantly White samples, three consistent patterns emerged in the data: (a) stereotypic bias was stronger for Black targets, whereas evaluative bias was stronger for White targets; (b) overall response accuracy bias correlated modestly across the two tasks; and (c) multinomial processing tree estimates of controlled processing corresponded much more strongly than estimates of automatic processing. These findings support models positing distinct learning and memory systems for different forms of race bias, and suggest that these differing forms contribute to estimates of automatic associations.