bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional Paley–Wiener and Bernstein spaces
Authors: Monguzzi Alessandro , Peloso Marco M. , Salvatori Maura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe introduce and study a family of spaces of entire functions in one variable that generalise the classical Paley–Wiener and Bernstein spaces. Namely, we consider entire functions of exponential typeawhose restriction to the real line belongs to the homogeneous Sobolev space$$\dot{W}^{s,p}$$W˙s,pand we call these spaces fractional Paley–Wiener if$$p=2$$p=2and fractional Bernstein spaces if$$p\in (1,\infty )$$p∈(1,∞), that we denote by$$PW^s_a$$PWasand$${\mathcal {B}}^{s,p}_a$$Bas,p, respectively. For these spaces we provide a Paley–Wiener type characterization, we remark some facts about the sampling problem in the Hilbert setting and prove generalizations of the classical Bernstein and Plancherel–Pólya inequalities. We conclude by discussing a number of open questions.
Erratum to: Anthropomorphism Indexes of the Kinematic Chain for Artificial Hands
Authors: Llop-Harillo Immaculada , Pérez-González Antonio , Andrés-Esperanza Javier 
Published: November 2020

The article “Anthropomorphism Indexes of the Kinematic Chain for Artificial Hands”, written by Immaculada Llop-Harillo, Antonio Pérez-González, Javier Andrés-Esperanza, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on May 23th 2020 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed in October 2020 to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.The original article has been corrected.
The Israeli Settler Movement
Authors: Hirsch-Hoefler Sivan , Mudde Cas 
Published: November 2020

The Israeli settler movement plays a key role in Israeli politics and the Arab-Israeli conflict, yet very few empirical studies of the movement exist. This is the first in-depth examination of the contemporary Israeli settler movement from a structural (rather than purely historical or political) perspective, and one of the few studies to focus on a longstanding, radical right-wing social movement in a non-western political context. A trailblazing systematic assessment of the role of the settler movement in Israeli politics writ large, as well as in relation to Israel's policy towards the West Bank, this book analyzes the movement both as a whole and as a combination of its parts (i.e. branches) - institutions, networks, and individuals. Whether you are a student, researcher, or policymaker, this book offers a comprehensive and original theoretical framework alongside a rich empirical analysis which illuminates social movements in general, and the Israeli settler movement in particular.
Khongso
Authors: Wright Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

Khongso /kʰɔŊ˦so˧/ is an SVO Tibeto-Burman language spoken by between two and three thousand speakers in Paletwa Township, Southern Chin State, Myanmar (Dryer 2008, Wright 2009). The speakers live in 17 villages primarily along the Michaung River (see Figure 1).1 Khongso is mutually intelligible with Anu, which has a population of 700 and is spoken west of the Khongso area (So-Hartmann 1988, Wright 2009, Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016). The ISO code for Khongso and Anu is anl and the glottolog code is anuu1241.
Local Earthquake Tomography at Los Humeros Geothermal Field (Mexico)
Authors: Toledo T. , Gaucher E. , Jousset P. , Jentsch A. , Haberland C. , Maurer H. , Krawczyk C. , Calò M. , Figueroa A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA passive seismic experiment using 25 broadband and 20 short‐period stations was conducted between September 2017 and September 2018 at Los Humeros geothermal field, an important natural laboratory for superhot geothermal systems in Mexico. From the recorded local seismicity, we derive a minimum 1‐D velocity model and obtain 3‐D Vp and Vp/Vs structures of Los Humeros. We improved the classical local earthquake tomography by using a postprocessing statistical approach. Several inversions were computed and averaged to reduce artifacts introduced by the model parametrization and to increase the resolution of the investigated region. Finally, the resulting Vp and Vp/Vs structures and associated seismicity were integrated with newly acquired geophysical and petrophysical data for comprehensive interpretation. The recorded seismicity is mainly grouped in three clusters, two of which seem directly related to exploitation activities. By combining new laboratory measurements and existing well data with our Vp model, we estimate possible geological unit boundaries. One large intrusion‐like body in the Vp model, together with neighboring high Vp/Vs anomalies, hints at a region of active resurgence or uplift due to the intrusion of new magma at the northern portion of the geothermal field. We interpret high Vp/Vs features as fluid bearing regions potentially favorable for further geothermal exploitation. Deep reaching permeable faults cutting the reservoir unit could explain fluid flow from a deeper local heat source in the area.
Measuring the Impact of a New Snow Model Using Surface Energy Budget Process Relationships
Authors: Day Jonathan J. , Arduini Gabriele , Sandu Irina , Magnusson Linus , Beljaars Anton , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Rodwell Mark , Richardson David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnergy exchange at the snow‐atmosphere interface in winter is important for the evolution of temperature at the surface and within the snow, preconditioning the snowpack for melt during spring. This study illustrates a set of diagnostic tools that are useful for evaluating the energy exchange at the Earth's surface in an Earth System Model, from a process‐based perspective, using in situ observations. In particular, a new way to measure model improvement using the response of the surface temperature and other surface energy budget (SEB) terms to radiative forcing is presented. These process‐oriented diagnostics also provide a measure of the coupling strength between the incoming radiation and the various terms in the SEB, which can be used to ensure that improvements in predictions of user‐relevant properties, such as 2 m temperature, are happening for the right reasons. Correctly capturing such process relationships is a necessary step toward achieving more skilful weather forecasts and climate projections. These diagnostic techniques are applied to assess the impact of a new multi‐layer snow scheme in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts'‐Integrated Forecast System at two high‐Arctic sites (Summit, Greenland and Sodankylä, Finland). A previous study showed that it will enhance 2 m temperature forecast skill across the Northern Hemisphere in boreal winter compared to forecasts with the single layer model, reducing a warm bias. In this study we use the diagnostics to show that the bias is improved for the right reasons.
BRDT promotes ovarian cancer cell growth
Authors: Chen Ling , Cai Shang , Wang Jing-mei , Huai Ying-ying , Lu Pei-Hua , Chu Qian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBromodomain testis-specific factor (BRDT) is a member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins. Its expression and potential functions in ovarian cancer were examined. We show that BRDT is overexpressed in human ovarian cancer tissues and in established (CaOV3)/primary ovarian cancer cells. However, its expression is low in ovarian epithelial tissues and cells. Significantly, shRNA-induced silencing or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of BRDT inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth, viability, proliferation and migration, and induced significant apoptosis activation. Conversely, exogenous overexpression of BRDT, by a lentiviral construct, augmented CaOV3 cell proliferation and migration. In CaOV3 cells expression of two key BRDT target genes, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and aurora kinase C (AURKC), was downregulated by BRDT shRNA or knockout, but upregulated with BRDT overexpression. In vivo, xenograft tumors-derived from BRDT-knockout CaOV3 cells grew significantly slower than control tumors in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Furthermore, intratumoral injection of BRDT shRNA lentivirus potently inhibited the growth of primary ovarian cancer xenografts in SCID mice. Downregulation of PLK1 and AURKC was detected in BRDT-knockout and BRDT-silenced tumor tissues. Collectively, BRDT overexpression promotes ovarian cancer cell progression. Targeting BRDT could be a novel strategy to treat ovarian cancer.
(D620N) VPS35 causes the impairment of Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade and mitochondrial dysfunction in a PARK17 knockin mouse model
Authors: Chiu Ching-Chi , Weng Yi-Hsin , Huang Ying-Zu , Chen Rou-Shayn , Liu Yu-Chuan , Yeh Tu-Hsueh , Lu Chin-Song , Lin Yan-Wei , Chen Yu-Jie , Hsu Chia-Chen , Chiu Chi-Han , Wang Yu-Ting , Chen Wan-Shia , Liu Shu-Yu , Wang Hung-Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatients with familial type 17 of Parkinson’s disease (PARK17) manifest autosomal dominant pattern and late-onset parkinsonian syndromes. Heterozygous (D620N) mutation of vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is genetic cause of PARK17. We prepared heterozygous VPS35D620N/+ knockin mouse, which is an ideal animal model of (D620N) VPS35-induced autosomal dominant PARK17. Late-onset loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and motor deficits of Parkinson’s disease were found in 16-month-old VPS35D620N/+ mice. Normal function of VPS35-containing retromer is needed for activity of Wnt/β-catenin cascade, which participates in protection and survival of SNpc DAergic neurons. It was hypothesized that (D620N) VPS35 mutation causes the malfunction of VPS35 and resulting impaired activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Protein levels of Wnt1 and nuclear β-catenin were reduced in SN of 16-month-old VPS35D620N/+ knockin mice. Downregulated protein expression of survivin, which is a target gene of nuclear β-catenin, and upregulated protein levels of active caspase-8 and active caspase-9 were observed in SN of VPS35D620N/+ mice at age of 16 months. VPS35 is involved in controlling morphology and function of mitochondria. Impaired function of VPS35 caused by (D620N) mutation could lead to abnormal morphology and malfunction of mitochondria. A significant decrease in mitochondrial size and resulting mitochondrial fragmentation was found in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive and neuromelanin-positive SNpc DAergic neurons of 16-month-old VPS35D620N/+ mice. Mitochondrial complex I activity or complex IV activity was reduced in SN of 16-month-old VPS35D620N/+ mice. Increased level of mitochondrial ROS and oxidative stress were found in SN of 16-month-old VPS35D620N/+ mice. Levels of cytosolic cytochrome c and active caspase-3 were increased in SN of VPS35D620N/+ mice aged 16 months. Our results suggest that PARK17 mutant (D620N) VPS35 impairs activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and causes abnormal morphology and dysfunction of mitochondria, which could lead to neurodegeneration of SNpc DAergic cells.
Molecular subtype-specific responses of colon cancer cells to the SMAC mimetic Birinapant
Authors: Fichtner Michael , Bozkurt Emir , Salvucci Manuela , McCann Christopher , McAllister Katherine A. , Halang Luise , Düssmann Heiko , Kinsella Sinéad , Crawford Nyree , Sessler Tamas , Longley Daniel B. , Prehn Jochen H. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease. Responses to genotoxic chemotherapy in the adjuvant or palliative setting vary greatly between patients, and colorectal cancer cells often resist chemotherapy by evading apoptosis. Antagonists of an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) can restore defective apoptosis signaling by degrading cIAP1 and cIAP2 proteins and by inhibition of XIAP. Due to the multiple molecular mechanisms-of-action of these targets, responses to IAP antagonist may differ between molecularly distinct colon cancer cells. In this study, responses to the IAP antagonist Birinapant and oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were investigated in 14 colon cancer cell lines, representing the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). Treatment with Birinapant alone did not result in a substantial increase in apoptotic cells in this cell line panel. Annexin-V/PI assays quantified by flow cytometry and high-content screening showed that Birinapant increased responses of CMS1 and partially CMS3 cell lines to oxaliplatin/5-FU, whereas CMS2 cells were not effectively sensitized. FRET-based imaging of caspase-8 and -3 activation validated these differences at the single-cell level, with CMS1 cells displaying sustained activation of caspase-8-like activity during Birinapant and oxaliplatin/5-FU co-treatment, ultimately activating the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In CMS2 cell lines, Birinapant exhibited synergistic effects in combination with TNFα, suggesting that Birinapant can restore extrinsic apoptosis signaling in the context of inflammatory signals in this subtype. To explore this further, we co-cultured CMS2 and CMS1 colon cancer cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We observed increased cell death during Birinapant single treatment in these co-cultures, which was abrogated by anti-TNFα-neutralizing antibodies. Collectively, our study demonstrates that IAP inhibition is a promising modulator of response to oxaliplatin/5-FU in colorectal cancers of the CMS1 subtype, and may show promise as in the CMS2 subtype, suggesting that molecular subtyping may aid as a patient stratification tool for IAP antagonists in this disease.
Scope and costs of autorefraction and photoscreening for childhood amblyopia—a systematic narrative review in relation to the EUSCREEN project data
Authors:   on behalf of The EUSCREEN Foundation, Horwood Anna M. , Griffiths Helen J. , Carlton Jill , Mazzone Paolo , Channa Arinder , Nordmann Mandy , Simonsz Huibert J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmblyopia screening can target reduced visual acuity (VA), its refractive risk factors, or both. VA testing is imprecise under 4 years of age, so automated risk-factor photoscreening appears an attractive option. This review considers photoscreening used in community services, focusing on costs, cost-effectiveness and scope of use, compared with EUSCREEN project Country Reports describing how photo- and automated screening is used internationally.MethodsA systematic narrative review was carried out of all English language photoscreening literature to September 10th 2018, using publicly available search terms. Where costs were considered, a CASP economic evaluation checklist was used to assess data quality.ResultsOf 370 abstracts reviewed, 55 reported large-scale community photoscreening projects. Five addressed cost-effectiveness specifically, without original data. Photoscreening was a stand-alone, single, test event in 71% of projects. In contrast, 25 of 45 EUSCREEN Country Reports showed that if adopted, photoscreening often supplements other tests in established programmes and is rarely used as a stand-alone test. Reported costs varied widely and evidence of cost-effectiveness was sparse in the literature, or in international practice. Only eight (13%) papers compared the diagnostic accuracy or cost-effectiveness of photoscreening and VA testing, and when they did, cost-effectiveness of photoscreening compared unfavourably.DiscussionEvidence that photoscreening reduces amblyopia or strabismus prevalence or improves overall outcomes is weak, as is evidence of cost-effectiveness, compared to later VA screening. Currently, the most cost-effective option seems to be a later, expert VA screening with the opportunity for a re-test before referral.
Essential omega-3 fatty acids tune microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the mouse developing brain
Authors: Madore C. , Leyrolle Q. , Morel L. , Rossitto M. , Greenhalgh A. D. , Delpech J. C. , Martinat M. , Bosch-Bouju C. , Bourel J. , Rani B. , Lacabanne C. , Thomazeau A. , Hopperton K. E. , Beccari S. , Sere A. , Aubert A. , De Smedt-Peyrusse V. , Lecours C. , Bisht K. , Fourgeaud L. , Gregoire S. , Bretillon L. , Acar N. , Grant N. J. , Badaut J. , Gressens P. , Sierra A. , Butovsky O. , Tremblay M. E. , Bazinet R. P. , Joffre C. , Nadjar A. , Layé S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOmega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are essential for the functional maturation of the brain. Westernization of dietary habits in both developed and developing countries is accompanied by a progressive reduction in dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs. Low maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs has been linked to neurodevelopmental diseases in Humans. However, the n-3 PUFAs deficiency-mediated mechanisms affecting the development of the central nervous system are poorly understood. Active microglial engulfment of synapses regulates brain development. Impaired synaptic pruning is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we identify a molecular mechanism for detrimental effects of low maternal n-3 PUFA intake on hippocampal development in mice. Our results show that maternal dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency increases microglia-mediated phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the rodent developing hippocampus, partly through the activation of 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX)/12-HETE signaling, altering neuronal morphology and affecting cognitive performance of the offspring. These findings provide a mechanistic insight into neurodevelopmental defects caused by maternal n-3 PUFAs dietary deficiency.
Location-specific inhibition of Akt reveals regulation of mTORC1 activity in the nucleus
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhong Yanghao , Molinar-Inglis Olivia , Kunkel Maya T. , Chen Mingyuan , Sun Tengqian , Zhang Jiao , Shyy John Y.-J. , Trejo JoAnn , Newton Alexandra C. , Zhang Jin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates growth, nutrient and energy status cues to control cell growth and metabolism. While mTORC1 activation at the lysosome is well characterized, it is not clear how this complex is regulated at other subcellular locations. Here, we combine location-selective kinase inhibition, live-cell imaging and biochemical assays to probe the regulation of growth factor-induced mTORC1 activity in the nucleus. Using a nuclear targeted Akt Substrate-based Tandem Occupancy Peptide Sponge (Akt-STOPS) that we developed for specific inhibition of Akt, a critical upstream kinase, we show that growth factor-stimulated nuclear mTORC1 activity requires nuclear Akt activity. Further mechanistic dissection suggests that nuclear Akt activity mediates growth factor-induced nuclear translocation of Raptor, a regulatory scaffolding component in mTORC1, and localization of Raptor to the nucleus results in nuclear mTORC1 activity in the absence of growth factor stimulation. Taken together, these results reveal a mode of regulation of mTORC1 that is distinct from its lysosomal activation, which controls mTORC1 activity in the nuclear compartment.
Identification of regulators of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor response through complementary CRISPR knockout and activation screens
Authors: Clements Kristen E. , Schleicher Emily M. , Thakar Tanay , Hale Anastasia , Dhoonmoon Ashna , Tolman Nathanial J. , Sharma Anchal , Liang Xinwen , Imamura Kawasawa Yuka , Nicolae Claudia M. , Wang Hong-Gang , De Subhajyoti , Moldovan George-Lucian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInhibitors of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARPi) are highly effective in killing cells deficient in homologous recombination (HR); thus, PARPi have been clinically utilized to successfully treat BRCA2-mutant tumors. However, positive response to PARPi is not universal, even among patients with HR-deficiency. Here, we present the results of genome-wide CRISPR knockout and activation screens which reveal genetic determinants of PARPi response in wildtype or BRCA2-knockout cells. Strikingly, we report that depletion of the ubiquitin ligase HUWE1, or the histone acetyltransferase KAT5, top hits from our screens, robustly reverses the PARPi sensitivity caused by BRCA2-deficiency. We identify distinct mechanisms of resistance, in which HUWE1 loss increases RAD51 levels to partially restore HR, whereas KAT5 depletion rewires double strand break repair by promoting 53BP1 binding to double-strand breaks. Our work provides a comprehensive set of putative biomarkers that advance understanding of PARPi response, and identifies novel pathways of PARPi resistance in BRCA2-deficient cells.
Bismuth atom tailoring of indium oxide surface frustrated Lewis pairs boosts heterogeneous CO2 photocatalytic hydrogenation
Authors: Yan Tingjiang , Li Na , Wang Linlin , Ran Weiguang , Duchesne Paul N. , Wan Lili , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Wang Lu , Xia Meikun , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) on defect-laden metal oxides provide catalytic sites to activate H2 and CO2 molecules and enable efficient gas-phase CO2 photocatalysis. Lattice engineering of metal oxides provides a useful strategy to tailor the reactivity of SFLPs. Herein, a one-step solvothermal synthesis is developed that enables isomorphic replacement of Lewis acidic site In3+ ions in In2O3 by single-site Bi3+ ions, thereby enhancing the propensity to activate CO2 molecules. The so-formed BixIn2-xO3 materials prove to be three orders of magnitude more photoactive for the reverse water gas shift reaction than In2O3 itself, while also exhibiting notable photoactivity towards methanol production. The increased solar absorption efficiency and efficient charge-separation and transfer of BixIn2-xO3 also contribute to the improved photocatalytic performance. These traits exemplify the opportunities that exist for atom-scale engineering in heterogeneous CO2 photocatalysis, another step towards the vision of the solar CO2 refinery.
Pharmacological targeting of c-FLIPL and Bcl-2 family members promotes apoptosis in CD95L-resistant cells
Authors: König Corinna , Hillert-Richter Laura K. , Ivanisenko Nikita V. , Ivanisenko Vladimir A. , Lavrik Inna N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of efficient combinatorial treatments is one of the key tasks in modern anti-cancer therapies. An apoptotic signal can either be induced by activation of death receptors (DR) (extrinsic pathway) or via the mitochondria (intrinsic pathway). Cancer cells are characterized by deregulation of both pathways. Procaspase-8 activation in extrinsic apoptosis is controlled by c-FLIP proteins. We have recently reported the small molecules FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ targeting c-FLIPL in the caspase-8/c-FLIPL heterodimer. These small molecules enhanced caspase-8 activity in the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), CD95L/TRAIL-induced caspase-3/7 activation and subsequent apoptosis. In this study to increase the pro-apoptotic effects of FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ and enhance its therapeutic potential we investigated costimulatory effects of FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ in combination with the pharmacological inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as ABT-263 and S63845. The combination of these inhibitors together with FLIPinB/FLIPinBγ increased CD95L-induced cell viability loss, caspase activation and apoptosis. Taken together, our study suggests new approaches for the development of combinatorial anti-cancer therapies specifically targeting both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways.