bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Plain History of the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms
Authors: Hegel Robert E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Through six centuries of commercial activity, cultural identification, wartime pillage, and scholarly scrutiny, the Sanguo zhi pinghua 三國志平話 (Plain Tale on The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms), a work of popular historical fiction, survived to be reprinted for scholarly study around 1930. But this title and others from an original 1320s series continue to exist only because of a shared dedication to the study of books and through the collaboration of generations of Chinese, Japanese, and probably Korean merchants, teachers, editors, scholars, and bibliographers. This essay traces the tortuous path followed by this thin book through time, wars, and personal passions to reveal the generosity of scholars in making this title and its historical significance known today. As with cultural matters at other times and places, this path was regularly overshadowed by political and commercial interests.
Chinese Fiction as a ‘Signal Bell of the Revolution’ and the Transregional Birth of an Author
Authors: Hedberg William C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This essay examines late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century interest in Shi Nai’an, the putative author of the traditional Chinese novel, The Water Margin. Despite the paucity of reliable evidence attesting to Shi Nai’an’s composition of The Water Margin, Japanese writers of the Meiji period were keenly interested in Shi on the basis of his alleged stature as a pioneering author of Oriental or East Asian (Tōyō) fiction. This characterization of Shi Nai’an was a byproduct of the recently established academic discipline of literary history in Japan, and the concomitant desire by Meiji-period historians to locate a literary text that could compete with Western works in terms of narrative and structural complexity. When late Qing-period Chinese authors became aware of Japanese writing on Shi Nai’an, they built on this budding biographical tradition by emphasizing Shi’s identification with an incipient Chinese nationalism, evidenced by his alleged resistance to the Mongol regime during the Yuan dynasty. The case study of Shi Nai’an thus illustrates the nexus between the construction of authorial personae and the pursuit of various ideological goals, as well as demonstrates the centrality of transregional literary contact in the formation of emergent concepts of authorship and canonization in modern East Asia.
Archaistic Perfection: the Production of the Woodblock-Printed Edition of The Communist Manifesto in 1970s China
Authors: Yang Lara Yuyu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Woodblock book printing was for many centuries the dominant printing technology in East Asia but it was replaced by mechanised presses during the early 20th century. Surprisingly, in 1973, at the request of the Shanghai municipal government, the Cloudy Studio, a local publishing house, published a fine woodblock edition of The Communist Manifesto in classical Chinese style. Apart from the historical decline of xylography, this was also politically remarkable given that the CCP publicly derided elite xylographic book publishing. In this paper, by investigating the production process of The Manifesto, I will argue that archaism in elite literati book culture continued in woodblock book publishing during the Mao era of 1949-1976. I will analyse how the publishers sought archaistic perfection through design concepts, literati printing materials, ceremonialised production processes and a master-pupil system in the Communist publishing industry through the woodblock printing practice.
Making Society Climate Resilient: International Progress under the Global Framework for Climate Services
Authors: Hewitt C. D. , Allis E. , Mason S. J. , Muth M. , Pulwarty R. , Shumake-Guillemot J. , Bucher A. , Brunet M. , Fischer A. M. , Hama A. M. , Kolli R. K. , Lucio F. , Ndiaye O. , Tapia B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is growing awareness among governments, businesses, and the general public of risks arising from changes to our climate on time scales from months through to decades. Some climatic changes could be unprecedented in their harmful socioeconomic impacts, while others with adequate forewarning and planning could offer benefits. There is therefore a pressing need for decision-makers, including policy-makers, to have access to and to use high-quality, accessible, relevant, and credible climate information about the past, present, and future to help make better-informed decisions and policies. We refer to the provision and use of such information as climate services. Established programs of research and operational activities are improving observations and climate monitoring, our understanding of climate processes, climate variability and change, and predictions and projections of the future climate. Delivering climate information (including data and knowledge) in a way that is usable and useful for decision-makers has had less attention, and society has yet to optimally benefit from the available information. While weather services routinely help weather-sensitive decision-making, similar services for decisions on longer time scales are less well established. Many organizations are now actively developing climate services, and a growing number of decision-makers are keen to benefit from such services. This article describes progress made over the past decade developing, delivering, and using climate services, in particular from the worldwide effort galvanizing around the Global Framework for Climate Services under the coordination of UN agencies. The article highlights challenges in making further progress and proposes potential new directions to address such challenges.
A Nonmodal Instability Perspective of the Declining Northern Midlatitude Synoptic Variability in Boreal Summer
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Deng Yi , Li Wenhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Pacific–North America–North Atlantic sector in general experienced a dryer and warmer climate in summer during the past 40 years. These changes are partly associated with declining midlatitude synoptic variability in boreal summer, especially over the two ocean basins. A nonmodal instability analysis of the boreal summer background flow is conducted for two periods, 1979–94 and 2000–15, to understand dynamical processes potentially responsible for the observed decline of synoptic variability. The synoptic variability associated with fast, nonmodal growth of atmospheric disturbances shows a decline over northern midlatitudes in the later period, in both a barotropic model and a two-level quasigeostrophic model. These results highlight the importance of the changing summer background flow in contributing to the observed changes in synoptic variability. Also discussed are factors likely associated with background flow changes including sea surface temperature and sea ice change.
Pro-cognitive effect of upregulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling during memory acquisition or early consolidation is mediated by increased AMPA receptor trafficking
Authors: Argyrousi Elentina K , Heckman Pim RA , van Hagen Britt TJ , Muysers Hannah , van Goethem Nick P , Prickaerts Jos 
Published: November 2019

Background: Episodic memory consists of different mnemonic phases, including acquisition and early and late consolidation. Each of these phases is characterised by distinct molecular processes. Although both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are implicated in the acquisition phase, early consolidation only depends on cGMP, whereas late consolidation is mediated by cAMP. Accordingly, the cGMP-selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor vardenafil or the cAMP-selective PDE4 inhibitor rolipram can improve memory acquisition or consolidation when applied during their respective time windows. Aims: Considering the important role of glutamatergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) during normal memory function, we aimed to investigate whether the differential actions of these PDE inhibitors are mediated through AMPAR dynamics. Methods: For biochemical analysis, mice were treated with either vardenafil or rolipram and sacrificed shortly after injection. For the behavioural studies, mice received either of the inhibitors during the different mnemonic phases, while their spatial memory was tested using the object location task, and they were sacrificed 24 hours later. Results: Administration of either vardenafil or rolipram causes rapid changes in AMPARs. Moreover, treatment with vardenafil during the acquisition or early consolidation of spatial memory resulted in increased surface levels of AMPARs which were still augmented 24 hours after learning. Membrane levels of AMPARs were not affected anymore 24 hours after learning when rolipram was administrated at either the acquisition or late consolidation phase. Conclusions: These results suggest that dissociative molecular mechanisms could mediate the pro-cognitive function of different classes of PDE inhibitors, and in the case of vardenafil, this phenomenon could be explained by changes in AMPAR dynamics.
The meaning of leisure to children and young people with significant physical disabilities: Implications for optimising participation
Authors: Powrie Benita , Copley Jodie , Turpin Merrill , Ziviani Jenny , Kolehmainen Niina 
Published: November 2019

Introduction The facilitation of meaningful leisure participation for children and young people requires an understanding of what leisure means to them. This study aimed to understand meaningful leisure from the perspective of children and young people with complex physical and communication disabilities. Method A hermeneutic phenomenological research design was used. Data was gathered through multiple interviews with six young people supported by photo elicitation, Talking Mats and direct observation. Individual case studies were analysed, together with six autobiographies of people with similar disabilities. Data analysis was iterative and multi-directional, alternating between segments and the whole throughout interpretation. Results Leisure experience meanings were uniquely constructed for each person, based on preferences, personality and circumstances. The tree of leisure emerged as a useful metaphor for three essential features (control, engrossing, enjoyment) and four key meanings (escape, exploration, exchange and expression) of leisure. Children and young people experienced five meaningful outcomes that lasted beyond the leisure activity (restoration, protection, construction, reflection and connection). Conclusion For children and young people with disabilities, a balanced array of diverse leisure experiences provides a powerful and accessible route to wellbeing. Implications for practice include understanding the individual, focusing on the social environment, supporting self-advocacy and promoting opportunities for free movement.
Professional practice behaviour: Identification and validation of key indicators
Authors: MacKenzie Diane E , Merritt Brenda K , Holstead Rebecca , Sarty Gordon E 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Professional behaviour is regarded as an important competency for occupational therapy practice, yet little guidance exists for indicators underpinning development or remediation in the educational or practice settings. This study sought to confirm the content validity of observable professional behaviour indicators from an existing evaluation framework for representativeness and relevance for occupational therapy practice. Methods A modified Delphi approach was conducted with expert panellists ( n = 30) consisting of regulators, administrators, faculty members, practitioners, and students for professional behaviour indicator consensus, together with a cross-sectional survey of practitioners ( n = 119). Fleiss’ κ and χ2 contingency tables were completed for agreement across panellists, and between panellist and survey groups. Cross-case qualitative analyses identified facilitators and barriers for professional behaviour practice. Results Content validity of 17 professional behaviour indicators was achieved, with >85% agreement from the expert panellists and the cross-sectional survey group. Main professional behaviour reporting issues in practice included fear of reprisal, lack of formal policies, and an unsupportive culture. Support from others, documented workplace policies, and self-regulation/duty to monitor were the critical facilitators for supporting professional behaviour in practice. Conclusion The professional behaviour indicators in this study offer observable behaviours from which assessment rubrics or tools may be developed. Further study is warranted.
Incidence and Healing Rates of Meniscal Tears in Patients Undergoing Repair During the First Stage of 2-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: DePhillipo Nicholas N. , Dekker Travis J. , Aman Zachary S. , Bernholt David , Grantham W. Jeffrey , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Meniscal tears, including tears at the root attachment, have been associated with tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in both primary and revision settings. However, there is a paucity of literature reporting the healing rates of meniscal repair during 2-stage revision ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose: To evaluate the healing rates of meniscal repairs performed during 2-stage revision ACLR in ACL-deficient knees and to report the incidence of meniscus root tears in patients undergoing primary ACLR as compared with revision ACLR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients who underwent primary and revision ACLR by a single surgeon were retrospectively identified. Revision ACLRs were grouped according to 1- or 2-stage ACLR. Meniscal tears were grouped according to laterality (medial, lateral) and location of tears. Meniscal repair technique was recorded, including transtibial or inside-out. Meniscal repair healing was assessed via second-look arthroscopy at the time of second-stage revision ACLR. Results: There were 1168 patients identified who underwent ACLR: 851 primary and 317 revision procedures. Sixty-four patients underwent meniscal repair during first-stage bone grafting in ACL-deficient knees, with an overall healing rate of 86%. The healing rates were 82.3% for meniscus root tears via the transtibial repair technique and 92.4% for meniscal peripheral tears via the inside-out repair technique. Meniscus root tears had overall incidences of 15.5% and 26.2% in primary and revision ACLRs, respectively. The incidence of lateral meniscus posterior root tears was approximately 4 times higher than of medial meniscus posterior root tears in both primary (12.2% vs 3.2%) and revision (20.5% vs 5.6%) ACLRs. Conclusion: A high incidence of meniscus root tears was found in patients undergoing revision ACLRs as compared with primary ACLRs. Meniscal repairs have a high rate of healing and success when performed during the first stage of revision ACLR in ACL-deficient knees.
Combined Transphyseal and Lateral Extra-articular Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Novel Technique to Reduce ACL Reinjury While Allowing for Growth
Authors: Wilson Philip L. , Wyatt Charles W. , Wagner K. John , Boes Nathan , Sabatino Meagan J. , Ellis Henry B. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in the adolescent population continues to be complicated by an unacceptably high rate of secondary ACL injury. Purpose: To describe the failure rate and outcomes after a hybrid pediatric ACL reconstruction (ACLR) employing transphyseal hamstring (TPH) autograft combined with an extra-articular technique using an iliotibial band (ITB) autograft. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing combined TPH-ITB ACLR between January 2012 and April 2017 with a minimum 2-year follow-up were reviewed. With the goal of decreasing ACL graft injury in this high-risk group, this technique employed anteromedial portal drilling for TPH with an extraosseous femoral ITB technique and intra-articular TPH-ITB grafts fixed within the tibial bone tunnel. Demographics, bone age, standing alignment radiograph for growth and mechanical axis grade, return to sport, graft failure, and patient-reported outcome measures were analyzed. Results: A total of 61 knees in 60 adolescents underwent the combined TPH-ITB ACLR, with 57 knees (93.4%) meeting inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up of 38.5 months (range, 24-78 months). Only 3 of 57 knees (5.3%) sustained ACL reinjury. The mean age was 13.0 years (range, 11-16 years) with 36 male patients (mean bone age, 14.2 years) and 21 female patients (mean bone age, 13.3 years), and 91% of patients (52 of 57) returned to sport. Participants demonstrated a high functional level at final follow-up, with a mean score of 91.2 (range, 46.7-100) on the Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form and mean score of 22.4 (range, 4-30) on the Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (Pedi-FABS). To critically assess growth, a cohort with ≥18 months of growth remaining at surgery was evaluated at maturity. No difference was seen in mean operative and nonoperative leg growth (49.7 mm and 49.8 mm). Although no family reported cosmetic or functional alignment or length concerns, 1 of 18 (5.5%) had a final limb length discrepancy >10 mm (12 mm) and a perioperative alignment difference (0-Grade II valgus). Conclusion: Combined TPH-ITB ACLR in adolescents resulted in high activity levels (Pedi-FABS, 22.4; median, 25) and a low (5.3%) graft failure rate at a mean 38.5 months.
Six-Minute Walk Distance After Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Parry Selina M. , Nalamalapu Swaroopa R. , Nunna Krishidhar , Rabiee Anahita , Friedman Lisa Aronson , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Needham Dale M. , Dinglas Victor D. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objectives: Impaired physical functioning is common and long lasting after an intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a validated and widely used test of functional capacity. This systematic review synthesizes existing data in order to: (1) evaluate 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in meters over longitudinal follow-up after critical illness, (2) compare 6MWD between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) versus non-ARDS survivors, and (3) evaluate patient- and ICU-related factors associated with 6MWD. Data Sources: Five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry) were searched to identify studies reporting 6MWT after hospital discharge in survivors from general (ie, nonspeciality) ICUs. The last search was run on February 14, 2018. Databases were accessed via Johns Hopkins University Library. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Pooled mean 6MWD were reported, with separate linear random effects models used to evaluate associations of 6MWD with ARDS status, and patient- and ICU-related variables. Twenty-six eligible articles on 16 unique participant groups were included. The pooled mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) 6MWD results at 3- and 12-months post discharge were 361 (321-401) and 436 (391-481) meters, respectively. There was a significant increase in 6MWD at 12 months compared to 3 months ( P = .017). In ARDS versus non-ARDS survivors, the mean (95% CI) 6MWD difference over 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up was 73 [13-133] meters lower. Female sex and preexisting comorbidity also were significantly associated with lower 6MWD, with ICU-related variables having no consistent associations. Conclusions: Compared to initial assessment at 3 months, significant improvement in 6MWD was reported at 12 months. Female sex, preexisting comorbidity, and ARDS (vs non-ARDS) were associated with lower 6MWT results. Such factors warrant consideration in the design of clinical research studies and in the interpretation of patient status using the 6MWT.
Change of cytokines after intravitreal ranibizumab in patients with recurrent branch retinal vein occlusion and macular edema
Authors: Noma Hidetaka , Yasuda Kanako , Shimura Masahiko 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To investigate the relations of vascular endothelial growth factor, growth factors, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and inflammatory factors to recurrence of macular edema after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated 17 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion who received intravitreal ranibizumab injection three times within 6 months for recurrent macular edema. Aqueous humor samples were obtained from these patients at every recurrence. Levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-12(p70), and interleukin-13 were measured by the suspension array method. Aqueous flare values were measured with a laser flare meter and central macular thickness was determined by optical coherence tomography. Results: Mean best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness improved significantly over time after intravitreal ranibizumab injection, but the aqueous flare value at recurrence after intravitreal ranibizumab injection showed no significant change compared with baseline. Aqueous humor levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-8 decreased significantly over time after intravitreal ranibizumab injection. However, there were no significant changes of the other five factors/cytokines (placental growth factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, and interleukin-13) at recurrence after intravitreal ranibizumab injection compared with baseline. Conclusion: These findings suggest that persistent inflammation may influence the recurrence of macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion patients, and that adding steroid therapy might be an effective strategy for preventing recurrence.