bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Bone Health Status of Malaysian Pre-adolescent Children in the PREBONE-kids Study
Authors: Chang Chung Yuan , Arasu Kanimolli , Wong Soon Yee , Ong Shu Hwa , Yang Wai Yew , Chong Megan Hueh Zan , Mavinkurve Meenal , Khoo Erwin Jiayuan , Chinna Karuthan , Weaver Connie M. , Chee Winnie Siew Swee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Modifiable lifestyle factors and body composition can affect the attainment of peak bone mass during childhood. This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of bone health among pre-adolescent Malaysian children with habitually low calcium intakes and vitamin D status in Kuala Lumpur (PREBONE-Kids Study). Methods: Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) at the lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TB) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcium intake was assessed using 1-week diet history, MET (metabolic equivalent of task) score using cPAQ questionnaire, and serum 25(OH) vitamin D using LC-MS/MS. Results: The mean calcium intake was 348.8 ± 180.1 mg/day and mean serum 25-OH vitamin D level was 43.9 ± 14.5nmol/L. In boys, lean mass (LM) was significantly associated with LSBMC (β = 0.539, p<0.001), LSBMD (β=0.607, p<0.001), TBBMC (β=0.675, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β= 0.481, p<0.01). Height was significantly associated with LSBMC (β =0.346, p<0.001) and TBBMC (β =0.282, p<0.001) while fat mass (FM) (β=0.261, p=0.034) and MET score (β =0.163, p=0.026) were significant predictors of TBBMD. Among girls, LM was significantly associated with LSBMC (β = 0.620, p<0.001), LSBMD (β=0.700, p<0.001), TBBMC (β=0.542, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β= 0.747, p<0.001). Calcium intake was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β=0.102, p=0.034), TBBMC (β=0.122, p<0.001) and TBBMD (β=0.196, p=0.002) in girls. Lean mass (LM) was weakly correlated with MET scores (r = 0.205, p = 0.001) but not protein (r = 0.055, p = 0.393) or energy intake (r = 0.101, p = 0.117). MET score (β = 0.207, p = 0.043) was a significant predictor of LM in boys but no factor was found to predict LM in girls. Conclusion: LM is the major determinant of BMC and BMD among pre-adolescent Malaysian children and physical activity is a significant predictor of LM in boys. Encouraging physical activity, calcium intake and optimum diets that build lean body mass should be the focus for developing public health guidance to ensure optimal bone health status during rapid growth.
Network Pharmacology-based Strategy for Predicting Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Coptis Chinensis Franch in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ma Jianxiong , Ye Miaoyong , Ma Ke , Zhou Kang , Zhang YingYing , Wang Xiting , Tong Hongxuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease that causes low fertility in females. Coptis chinensis (CC) has been used to clear away heat and dampness, purify fire, and detoxify in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although CC has demonstrated efficacy against PCOS in clinical practice, there is no available data regarding the bioactive ingredients, component targets, and confirmed molecular mechanism of this drug combination.Methods: A network pharmacology approach was applied to analyze the bioactive ingredients, component targets, and core signaling pathways of CC. The TCM systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) was used to screen effective active ingredients and targets of CC. The GeneCards, OMIM, and PharmGkb databases was utilized to screen disease targets for PCOS. R language software was used to screen common targets of drugs and diseases. Cytoscape software (version 3.7.1) was utilized to build a drug-active ingredient-disease target interaction network, and the STRING platform was utilized to construct a common target protein-protein interaction network, including 102 nodes and 221 edges. OmicShare tools was used to analysis Gene ontology (GO) biological function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) path enrichment. Schrodinger software was used to evaluate the interaction between active components and their targets and explore binding modes.Results: 14 effective active ingredients and 218 targets of CC were screened by TCMSP platform. 3517 disease targets for PCOS were obtianed by the disease database and 102 common targets of drugs and diseases were screened through R language software. Key targets of CC for the treatment of PCOS included JUN, MAPK, IL-6, CXCL8, FOS, and IL1B. A total of 123 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 129 pathways were acquired by analyzing the enrichment of GO and KEGG. It is speculated that the AGEs/RAGE, TNF, IL-17, MAPK and HIF-1 signaling pathways are closely related to PCOS and may be the core pathways involved in PCOS. The molecular docking results showed that quercetin has a higher degree of binding to core targets (eg: IL-6, IL- 1β, MAPK, CXCL8) related to the inflammatory pathway.Conclusions: This preliminary study verified the basic pharmacological effects and mechanisms of CC, a Chinese medicine, in the treatment of PCOS. Particularly, the effect of CC on inflammation and glucose metabolism pathway was noteworthy. This study provides new insights for the systematic exploration of the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine.
Fatter or Stronger: Resource Allocation Strategy and the Underlying Metabolic Mechanisms in Amphibian Tadpole
Authors: Zhu Wei , Chang Liming , Shu Guocheng , Wang Bin , Jiang Jianping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundResource allocation trade-off between storage and somatic growth is an essential physiological phenomenon in animals. Revealing its patterns and underlying mechanisms are fundamental for behavior, evolutionary, and population ecological studies. Currently, our understanding of the real-time resource allocating patterns in animals is still limited, and the underlying metabolic mechanisms have been rarely investigated. The life strategy of amphibian larvae relies on precise coordination between storage and somatic growth, which makes them good model for studying this issue.ResultsHere, the resource allocation strategy was investigated for Rana omeimontis tadpoles, who exhibit prominent hepatic fat-accumulation. Results showed that their ontogenetic fat accumulation emerged when tadpoles grew to a body weight range of 30–50 mg, where their fat storage had a high priority in resource allocation. Beyond this range, the resource proportion for somatic growth increased, but continuous storage investment was likely maintained to kept higher body fat index in larger individuals. This seeming paradoxical allocation pattern could be explained by assuming a positive relationship between storage abundance and the investment to somatic growth. This speculation was supported by the observation that storage had the priority in resource allocation to reach a higher body fat index before increment in body weight when food level increased. Moreover, it was also supported by the metabolic pattern that presented lipid-based energy metabolism after ontogenetic fat accumulation, and activating the mobilization of fat storage in the liver can promote the somatic growth. In short, fat synthesis and fat accumulation in the liver may well modulated the resource allocation to somatic growth, and their liver likes a reservoir with valves to regulate energy flow for the downstream developmental processes.ConclusionIn Rana omeimontis tadpoles, their hepatic fat level positively modulated the resource allocation to somatic growth through lipid-based energy metabolism. We reveal the real-time resource allocation pattern in an amphibian tadpole and explain it at molecular level. These results likely provide a new mechanistic insight into the resource allocation in animals.
Usefulness of an artificial neural network for a beginner to achieve similar interpretations to an expert when examining myocardial perfusion images
Authors: Chiba Akiyo , Kudo Takashi , Ideguchi Reiko , Myssaev Altay , Koga Seiji , Yonekura Tsuyoshi , Tsuneto Akira , Morikawa Minoru , Ikeda Satoshi , Kawano Hiroaki , Koide Yuji , Uetani Masataka , Maemura Koji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study examined whether using an artificial neural network (ANN) helps beginners in diagnostic cardiac imaging to achieve similar results to experts when interpreting stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).Methods: 138 patients underwent stress MPI with Tc-labeled agents. An expert and a beginner interpreted stress/rest MPI with or without the ANN and the results were compared. The myocardium was divided into 5 regions (the apex; septum; anterior; lateral, and inferior regions), and the degree of myocardial blood flow was evaluated from 0 to 4, and SSS, SRS, and SDS were calculated. The ANN effect, defined as the difference in each of these scores between with and without the ANN, was calculated to investigate the influence of ANN on the interpreters' performance. Results: The ANN effect was smaller for the expert than for the beginner. Conclusions: When interpreting MPI, beginners may achieve similar results to experts by using an ANN. Thus, interpreting MPI with ANN may be useful for beginners.
Isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-lateral Flow Detection of SARS-CoV-2, the Etiological Agent of COVID-19
Authors: Shelite Thomas R , Uscanga-Palomeque Ashanti C , Castellanos Alejandro , Melby Peter C , Travi Bruno L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The rapid detection of novel pathogens necessitates the development of easy-to-use diagnostic tests that can be readily adapted and utilized in both clinical laboratories and field settings. In December of 2019, novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV), was isolated from a cluster of pneumonia patients in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus rapidly spread throughout the world and the first fatal cases of COVID-19 in the United States occurred in late February. The lack of testing and delay in diagnosis has facilitated the spread of this novel virus. Development of point-of-care diagnostic assays that can be performed in rural or decentralized health care centers to expand testing capacity is needed. We developed a qualitative test based on recombinase-polymerase-amplification coupled with lateral flow reading (RPA-LF) for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. The RPA-LF detected SARS-CoV-2 with a limit of detection of 35.4 viral nucleocapsid (N) gene copies/µL. Additionally, the RPA-LF was able to detect 0.25-2.5 copies/µL of SARS-CoV-2 N gene containing plasmid. We evaluated 37 clinical samples using CDC’s N3, N1 and N2 RT-real-time PCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 as reference test. We found a 100% concordance between RPA-LF and RT-qPCR reference test as determined by 18/18 positive and 19/19 negative samples. All positive samples had Ct values between 19-37 by RT-qPCR. The RPA-LF primers and probe did not cross react with other relevant betacoronaviruses such as SARS and MERS. This is the first isothermal amplification test paired with lateral flow developed for qualitative detection of COVID-19 allowing rapid viral detection and with prospective applicability in resource limited and decentralized laboratories.
Effective online professional development: Teacher perceptions, practices, and preferences
Authors: Poole Trisha , Fitzgerald Angela , Dann Chris 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Never before has the importance of effective online professional development been more prominent than it has during the COVID-19 times with the significant transition to working and teaching online. Effective professional development (PD) is critical in supporting in-service teachers to continue developing professionally, expanding their knowledge, skills, and abilities, and enhancing self-efficacy. The elements of effective face-to-face PD have been researched extensively, but those for online PD remain elusive. This paper reports on the perspectives of in-service teachers who were surveyed on their preferences, practices, and perceptions of effective online PD. The elements of effective online PD were identified: flexibility, human connection, content, savings, and technology. These elements are presented in the context of teachers’ behaviours and preferences, which allows a deeper understanding of how to design and develop effective online PD. These findings support the future development of a framework for effective online PD for in-service teachers.
Necrotising Vasculitis in Covid-19: watch out for bowel perforation
Authors: Persiano Tonia , Grulli Francesca , Cornara Pietro , Bonomi Francesca , Casazza Alberto , Coci Anna , Mediani Sabina Teresa , Bellazzi Elisabetta , Carnevale Livio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: SARS-Cov-2 infection can be asymptomatic, greatly impair respiratory function and, sometimes, affect other organs. Gastro-enteric involvement seems to be not so rare and many patients suffered for abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea or jaundice. Case presentation: Here we report a case of a Covid-19 patient who developed a right colon perforation due to a pseudomembranous colitis without Clostridium Difficile toxins finding associated to a necrotising vasculitis. In this patient a PCR test performed on gastric fluid showed SARS-CoV-2 enteric replication. Discussion: Necrotizing vasculitis is an anatomopathological typical findings in Covid-19. It has been documented in several organs and tissues. In our case, evident foci of necrotizing vasculitis with intravascular obliteration by fibrin thrombi with macrophagic cells infiltration are anatomopathological findings of a CD toxins free pseudomembranous colitis leading to bowel perforation. Conclusions: Bowel perforation due to necrotizing vasculitis leading to pseudomembranous colitis could be a SARS-Cov-2 related clinical finding.
Overview of the Current and Potential Effects of COVID-19 on U.S. Animal Shelters
Authors: Szydlowski Michelle , Gragg Chelsea 
Published: September 2020

Despite the global COVID-19 pandemic, animal shelters in the United States and around the world are experiencing massive increases in adoption and foster rates. Remaining open as designated essential businesses, these shelters are interviewing adopters in parking lots to maintain social distancing guidelines and watching even long-term or hard-to-adopt residents find permanent homes. The reasons behind these phenomena are varied, but appear to stem in part from the positive benefits humans feel that they receive from sharing their home with an animal. In addition, many believe that being able to spend more time at home is important when adopting a pet, and COVID-19 has allowed people this opportunity. This study examines the adoption phenomena through an anthrozoological lens, and identifies the reasons behind this increase in animal adoption as well as the potential negative effects once the COVID crisis is over. If this increase in adoption will continue as people return to work remains to be seen, and experts question whether relinquishment and abandonment rates will skyrocket as the nation faces widespread unemployment and economic insecurity.
Long-range magnetic order in the ${\tilde S}=1/2$ triangular lattice antiferromagnet KCeS$_2$
Authors: Bastien Gaël , Rubrecht Bastian , Häußler Ellen , Schlender Philipp , Zangeneh Ziba , Avdoshenko Stanislav , Sarkar Rajib , Alfonsov Alexey , Luther Sven , Onykiienko Yevhen A. , Walker Helen C. , Kühne Hannes , Grinenko Vadim , Guguchia Zurab , Kataev Vladislav , Klauss Hans-Henning , Hozoi Liviu , van den Brink Jeroen , Inosov Dmytro S. , Büchner Bernd , Wolter-Giraud Anja , Doert Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Recently, several putative quantum spin liquid (QSL) states were
discovered in {\tilde S} = 1/2S̃=1/2
rare-earth based triangular-lattice antiferromagnets (TLAF) with the
delafossite structure. In order to elucidate the conditions for a QSL to
arise, we report here the discovery of a long-range magnetic order in
the Ce-based TLAF KCeS_22
below T_{\mathrm N} = 0.38TN=0.38 K,
despite the same delafossite structure. Finally, combining various
experimental and computational methods, we characterize the crystal
electric field scheme, the magnetic anisotropy and the magnetic ground
state of KCeS_22.
Anti-drug Antibodies Monitoring in Biologics Use: Clinical Implications
Authors: Dhahri Rim , Athimni Selma , Slouma Maroua , Metoui Leila , Gharsallah Imene , Louzir Bassem 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Over the years, drug monitoring-such as Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADA)
dosage- has witnessed major transformations. In fact, ADA are more and more used in rheumatology
and gastro-enterology in monitoring chronic inflammatory disease therapeutic response. The
main purpose of those researches is to produce less immunogenic drugs and, in consequences, to
improve tolerance and efficiency since immunogenicity of those drugs still is the main constraint
to their long-term use. The aim of this review was to highlight anti-drug-antibodies potential effects
on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of biotherapies as well as their clinical implications.

Methods:
For this purpose, we collected and summarized published data on PubMed using keywords
“Biologics, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, Crohn disease, Anti-drug antibodies,
residual rate, immunogenicity, efficacy, tolerance”. The time-period selected for this study was
2000-2019.

Results:
Anti-Drug-antibodies decrease the pharmaco-availability of drugs and, in consequences,
its efficiency and high risk of refractory diseases and side effects.

Conclusion:
Recent literature is consistent with the fact that drug monitoring using ADA dosage
coupled with residual drug concentration offers reliable options to comfort practitioner’ therapeutic
management decisions. This is particularly interesting in failure of treatment or in side effects
onset situations.
Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2 Patients with the Syndrome of Cytokine Storm: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kulanthaivel Shanmugaraj , Kaliberdenko Vitalii B. , Balasundaram Keerthanaa , Shterenshis Michael V. , Scarpellini Emidio , Abenavoli Ludovico 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Corona virus is a group of viruses that cause diseases in mammals and
birds. In humans, these families of viruses can cause respiratory infections from a mild form to fatal.
It is preferably called coronavirus. Formally, it is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and this disease is called
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is infectious in humans and the world health
organization has announced COVID-19 as pandemic disease. Tocilizumab is a biological agent
that inhibits the cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6 inhibitor). As SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the development
of cytokine storm syndrome, the drug, tocilizumab, seems to have a positive effect on
patients with COVID-19.

Aim:
To analyze and review the possible effects and efficacy of the tocilizumab (monoclonal antibody
against IL-6 receptors) in SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Materials and methods:
A search was carried out for all recent review articles, which were used to
study the SARS-CoV-2 disease and their characteristics. Furthermore, we have analyzed the most
recent research articles on monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptors (tocilizumab) and their possible
clinical effects in COVID-19 and its’ clinical trials.

Results:
COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a life threatening condition,
which can give rise to fatal outcomes if left untreated. However, there are no approved treatments
for COVID-19 globally. Furthermore, we can conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with
the worsening of lung conditions, characterized by interstitial pneumonia with acute respiratory distress
syndrome as a result of cytokine storm syndrome. According to available research data, tocilizumab,
a recombinant humanized anti-human monoclonal antibody of IgG1τ (gamma 1, kappa),
can improve patient’s condition from cytokine storm syndrome by inhibiting the IL-6 (Interleukin
6) receptors.

Conclusion:
The rational use of the tocilizumab in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients can
prevent the development of irreversible lung injury and death of the patient. Three retrospective
studies of Xiaoling Xu et al., Pan luo et al., and Paola Tonaiti et al. have shown the efficacy of tocilizumab
in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, we need more randomized research
studies with a significant number of patients which can confirm the promising results on tocilizumab
treatment in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, ongoing clinical trails such as TOSCA, COVACTA
results have not been published yet which are expected to give better and more significant
results on tocilizumab’s effectiveness and safety.
Developing Patient-Centered Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Related Educational Videos Optimized for Social Media: Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Khalil Carine , Van Deen Welmoed , Dupuy Taylor , Bonthala Nirupama , Almario Christopher , Spiegel Brennan 
Published: September 2020

Background
Important knowledge gaps have been identified related to the causes and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and medical treatments and their side effects. Patients with IBD turn to social media to learn more about their disease. However, such information found on the web is misleading and often of low quality.

Objective
This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the unmet educational needs of patients with IBD and to use the resulting insights to develop a collection of freely available, evidence-based educational videos optimized for dissemination through social media.

Methods
We used design thinking, a human-centered approach, to guide our qualitative research methodology. We performed focus groups and interviews with a diverse sample of 29 patients with IBD. Data collection was performed in 3 phases (inspiration, ideation, and implementation) based on IDEO design thinking. Phase 1 offered insights into the needs of patients with IBD, whereas phases 2 and 3 involved ideation, prototyping, and video testing. A thematic analysis was performed to analyze the resulting data.

Results
Patients emphasized the need for educational videos that address their challenges, needs, and expectations. From the data analysis, 5 video topics and their content emerged: IBD treatments’ risks and benefits; how to be a self-advocate; how to stay healthy with IBD; how to cope with IBD; and educating families, friends, and colleagues about experiences of patients with IBD.

Conclusions
Design thinking offers a deep understanding and recognition of the unmet educational needs of patients with IBD; this approach informed the development of 5 evidence-based educational videos. Future research will formally test and disseminate these freely available videos through social media.