bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-mode surface-emitting DFB lasers with a large-area oxidized aperture based on the surface grating
Authors: Liu Can , Zhang Pengfei , Xiang Mingwen , Ma Xiang , Jiang Chun , Tang Bao , Lu Qiaoyin , Guo Weihua 
Published: May 2020

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an 850 nm single-mode surface-emitting distributed feedback laser based on the surface grating. The laser composes a second-order grating section sandwiched by two first-order grating sections. The second-order grating provides not only surface emission, but also phase shift to remove the emission degeneracy. A high side-mode suppression ratio of 47 dB has been achieved. By employing a large-area rectangle-shaped oxidized aperture, a low threshold current of 1.8 mA and a low differential resistance of 59 Ω are successfully achieved in a horizontal-cavity surface-emitting laser.
All-fiber self-mixing laser Doppler velocimetry with much less than 0.1 pW optical feedback based on adjustable gain
Authors: Zhao Yuanyang , Zhu Desheng , Chen Youze , Tu Yourui , Bi Tiezhu , Zhao Yunkun , Yu Benli , Lu Liang 
Published: May 2020

The all-fiber self-mixing laser Doppler velocimetry with adjustable gain is experimentally investigated based on a distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser. In the measurement system, the modulation gain of the injected light in the laser cavity is adjusted by a pair of fiber-coupled acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) in the external cavity, which can change the intensity and frequency of the self-mixing modulation effect. Simultaneously, the minimum feedback intensity from the target to the laser for successful measurements is 0.063 pW. Thus, the all-fiber laser velocimetry can adapt to the detection of ultraweak optical feedback and wide-range velocity measurements in various complex scenes.
A Field Study of Dynamic Compaction in the Construction of a Stone-Filled Embankment
Authors: Qiao Shifan , Xu Ping , Qiu Tong , Sun Xiao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Road embankments in the mountainous terrains are typically constructed using locally available stones through dynamic compaction (DC) because of the relatively low cost; however, the filling quality of large stones is difficult to control with limited research and field performance data available. This article presents the results of a field study for estimating the construction parameters including effective improvement depth, number of tampering points, and lateral influence distance for a DC of a stone-filled embankment. The pilot field-testing program consisted of roller compaction and DC. The field test data included tamping settlement and surface uplift after each hammer drop. Static and dynamic soil pressures were measured, and the former was used to correlate with compacted fill density. The field data show a strong correlation between the static soil pressure increment and compacted fill density. Based on this correlation, it was found that (1) in order for each DC point to achieve the target compacted fill density, it was necessary for tampering to be done a total of eight times; (2) the effective improvement depth was approximately 5 m; and (3) the lateral influence distance was approximately 2.5 m and, hence, a horizonal interval of 5 m was determined for the layout of tampering points in the field construction. The good in-service performance of the completed embankment and paved road suggests that the pilot field-testing program was a success in determining the construction parameters.
Effect of Ultrasonic Cavitation and Chemical Erosion on TC4 Titanium Alloy in Aluminum Melt
Authors: Su Sichao , Li Ruiqing , Li Xiaoqian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An ultrasonic radiation rod made of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloy can be eroded in an aluminum alloy casting, which can also affect the stable transmission of ultrasonic waves. This erosion is a result of complex, multifactor interaction. Therefore, two groups of experiments were designed: one group did not apply ultrasonic treatment (UST), while the other group did. Five titanium alloy samples removed from the radiation rod were ground on the automatic grinding machine to make their surface roughness similar. The four samples were placed in the molten aluminum for 4.5, 9, 13.5, and 18 h, respectively, without UST. The remaining sample was placed in molten aluminum with UST for 4.5 h. The four samples without UST were cooled and cut through the middle position by a wire-cutting machine. The cross sections of the four samples were ground and observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The generated chemical layer was determined to be titanium trialuminide alloy (TiAl3) by energy dispersion spectrum (EDS) analysis, and its thickness was approximately 20–50, 145, 220, and 345 μm, respectively, corresponding to different processing times. The fifth titanium alloy sample was processed by UST, the residual aluminum on the sample surface was removed by hydrochloric acid, and obvious erosion pits and microcracks were found by SEM. The roughness of the surface was approximately 340 μm in the LY-WN-YH 3-D system. Therefore, the effect of ultrasonic cavitation on TC4 titanium alloy is much larger than that of a chemical reaction.
DETERMINACIÓN DEL TAMAÑO Y LA FORMA DE UNIDAD EXPERIMENTAL, CON EL MÉTODO DE REGRESIÓN MÚLTIPLE, PARA ENSAYOS DE RENDIMIENTO DE MAÍZ (ZEA MAYS), GUANACASTE, COSTA RICA
Authors: Vargas-Rojas Jorge Claudio , Navarro-Flores Juan Ramón 
Published: May 2020

Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar el tamaño y la forma de unidad experimental para ensayos en arroz en el cantón de Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Se sembró un ensayo de uniformidad y los datos obtenidos fueron empleados para aplicar el método regresión múltiple. En este método, la variabilidad residual, medida como coeficiente de variación, correspondiente a los diferentes tamaños y formas de unidad experimental que se pueden simular se modela en función del largo y ancho mediante una regresión múltiple. Luego se estiman las derivadas parciales para cada regresora y se igualan a -1; al resolver este sistema de ecuaciones se obtiene la combinación de ancho y largo de unidad de experimental que minimiza el coeficiente de variación. Para este trabajo esa combinación resultó ser de 8 metros de largo por 4 metros de ancho para una unidad experimental de 32 m2.
Hypocenter and Magnitude Analysis of Aftershocks of the 2018 Lombok, Indonesia, Earthquakes Using Local Seismographic Networks
Authors: Sasmi Annisa Trisnia , Nugraha Andri Dian , Muzli Muzli , Widiyantoro Sri , Zulfakriza Zulfakriza , Wei Shengji , Sahara David P. , Riyanto Agus , Puspito Nanang T. , Priyono Awali , Greenfield Tim , Afif Haunan , Supendi Pepen , Daryono Daryono , Ardianto Ardianto , Syahbana Devy Kamil , Husni Yayan Mi’rojul , Prabowo Billy S. , Narotama Sarjan Achmad Fajar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The island of Lombok in Indonesia is located between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian subduction trenches and the Flores back-arc thrust, making it vulnerable to earthquakes. On 29 July 2018, a significant earthquake Mw 6.4 shook this region and was followed by series of major earthquakes (Mw&gt;5.8) on 5, 9, and 19 August, which led to severe damage in the northern Lombok area. In this study, we attempt to reveal the possible cause of the sequences of the 2018 Lombok earthquakes based on aftershock monitoring data. Twenty stations were deployed to record earthquake waveform data from 4 August to 9 September 2018. In total, 3259 events were identified using 28,728 P- and 20,713 S-wave arrival times during the monitoring. The aftershock hypocenters were determined using a nonlinear approach and relocated using double-difference method. The moment magnitude (Mw) of each event was determined by fitting the displacement spectrum amplitude using a Brune-type model. The magnitudes of the aftershocks range from Mw 1.7 to 6.7. The seismicity pattern reveals three clusters located in the Flores oceanic crust, which fit well with the occurrences of the four events with Mw&gt;6. We interpret these events as the main rupture area of the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence. Furthermore, an aseismic zone in the vicinity of Rinjani extending toward the northwestern part of Lombok was observed. We propose that the crust in this area has elevated temperatures and is highly fractured thus inhibiting the generation of large earthquakes. The aseismic nature is therefore an artifact of the detection threshold of our network (Mw 4.6).
An audit to study the diagnostic yield of lymph node biopsies under local anaesthesia
Authors: Victor Coelho , Kota Albert A. , Colney Lalchandami , Roopavathana Beulah , Chase Suchita , Nayak Sukria 
Published: May 2020

Background: Surgical referrals for lymph node biopsies are common, majority for diagnostic purposes. The indications and the diagnostic yield vary for different sites. We conducted an audit of the lymph node biopsies done over a period of seven months.Methods: The audit included 547 patients who underwent lymph node biopsies under local anesthesia in the department of general surgery over a seven-month period. Parameters such as overall diagnostic yield of lymph node biopsies, disease specific yield of lymph node biopsies with a primary focus on tuberculosis; site specific yield of lymph node biopsies and referral pattern for the request for lymph node biopsies were analysed.Results: 324 samples (59.2%) yielded a definite diagnosis, which included haematological malignancy 102 (31.5%), infectious diseases 131 (40.5%), and 59 (18.5%) malignancy. The diagnostic yield of supraclavicular lymph nodes was found to be highest (72.45%) and the axillary group the lowest (39.8%). The referral pattern seen was 314 (57.4%) from General medicine, 149 (27.2%) from General Surgery, and 84 (15.4%) from Haematology. 130 (23.8%) samples were tested for tuberculosis; the highest yield, acquired from the cervical group (52.8%), lowest from the inguinal region (4%).Conclusions: Our audit revealed significant diagnostic yield of lymph node biopsies from the supraclavicular region. Majority of them were of infectious aetiology and referred from General Medicine. This study supports the introduction of co-ordinated problem-based referral and management pathways for the management of patients with enlarged superficial lymph nodes, supported by regular audits of practice.
Thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation: causes, clinical specifics and outcomes
Authors: Prokopenko E. I. , Shcherbakova E. O. , Kantaria R. O. , Stepanov V. A. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a clinical and morphological phenomenon characterized by specific microvascular injury, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and damage of various target organs. TMA after kidney transplantation (post-renal transplant TMA) is a serious complication affecting the recipient and graft survival.Aim: To analyze the timing, causes, specifics of the clinical course and outcomes of TMA in renal transplant recipients.Materials and methods: This one-center study was based on a comprehensive examination and follow-up of 697 patients who had undergone 728 kidney transplantations (KT) from deceased donors in 2003–2019. Post-transplant TMA of the renal graft was confirmed morphologically in all cases.Results: We identified 32 episodes of post-transplant TMA in 32 patients; thus, the incidence of TMA was 4.4%. All cases developed after KT de novo; no recurrent TMA was observed. TMA was systemic in 37.5% and locally renal in 62.5% of the patients. The median time to the development of post-transplant TMA was 0.55 (range, 0.1 to 51.6) months. The patients with TMA did not differ from those without by gender, age, body mass index, underlying disorders, type and duration of dialysis before KT, protocols of immunosuppressive therapy, incidence of surgical, urological, infectious, cardiovascular and oncological complications. The patients with TMA were significantly more likely to have graft rejection (25.0% vs 11.2%, p = 0.035) and a never-functioning transplant (28.1% vs 4.9%, p < 0.001). The presence of TMA negatively affected the transplantation outcomes. The cumulative 1-year graft survival in the patients without and with TMA was 91% and 44%, respectively, whereas their 5-year survival rates were 68% and 25% (p < 0.001). The leading causes of TMA were: donor pathology (31.2%), antibody-mediated rejection (28.1%), and cyclosporine/tacrolimus nephrotoxicity (21.9%); the proportion of other causes was 18.8%. A combination of TMA etiological factors was identified in 68.7% of the recipients. The recipients with of calcineurin inhibitors nephrotoxicity had a more favorable prognosis compared to those with other causes of TMA.Conclusion: Post-renal transplant TMA is an infrequent but serious complication that worsens the graft survival and often is life-threatening for recipients. In most cases, TMA develops in the early post-operative period; however, it can occur any time thereafter. To improve the outcome of TMA, early diagnosis is necessary based on clinical suspicion and a prompt biopsy of the renal graft with suspected TMA. Treatment should be started quickly with consideration of the cause of the complication.
Marginalized centre: Wana people and the geography of power
Authors: Scalici Giorgio 
Published: May 2020

The Wana of Morowali (Indonesia) are nowadays a small endangered community marginalized by the Indonesian government, world religions and the other communities in the area but, according to their own mythology, they are not the periphery of the world, but the real centre of it.
Their cosmogonic myth tells how the Wana land (Tana Taa) was the first land placed on the primordial waters and it was full of mythical power, a power that, when the land was spread around the world to create the continents, abandoned the Wana to donate wealth and power to the edge of the world: the West. This myth has a pivotal role in the Wana worldview, their categorization of the world and the power relationships in it. The Wana reverse the traditional relationship between centre and periphery, placing themselves in a powerless centre (the village or the Tana Taa) that gave all its power to a periphery (the jungle or the West) that must be explored to obtain power and knowledge.
This relationship not only expresses a clear agency in shaping the relationship of power with forces way stronger than the Wana (Government and world religions) but also creates internal hierarchies based on the access to this knowledge; granted to men and partially precluded to women due to the cultural characterizations of these genders. Indeed, the majority of shamans, called tau walia (human-spirit), are men, and they are the only one that can travel between the human and the spiritual world, obtaining a spiritual and social power.
In this article, we will see how Wana categorise the world and use religion, rituality and gender to express their agency to cope with the marginalization by the government, the world religions and the other community in the area.
Economic analysis of some agrotechnical factors in maize production - a Hungarian case study
Authors: Bai Attila , Gabnai Zoltán , Kovách Imre , Czibere Ibolya , Nagy János , Sulyok Dénes , Maloku Donika , Balogh Péter 
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the economic and statistical evaluation of the production technology findings of the polyfactorial maize production experiments carried out between 2015-2017 at the Látókép Experiment Site of the University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management. The examined agrotechnical factors included irrigation, previous crop, tillage, crop density, hybrid and N nutrient supply, while the effect of different crop years was taken into consideration. In addition to descriptive statistical methods, we used multivariate regression analysis during the statistical evaluation. In the course of the evaluation, we examined three models that differed in terms of tillage methods and the consideration of crop year. In our best fit model, the factors were 71% responsible for the change in yield value. We carried out efficiency and comparative analyses in the course of the economic evaluation.Averaged over the three examined years, it can be stated that nutrient supply and crop year had an outstanding effect on yield, while irrigation had a minimal effect. However, global warming may justify irrigation in the future, not only from a biological point of view, but also from an economic aspect.Ideal tillage is also greatly affected by crop year, too. Altogether, of the examined tillage systems, subsoiling proved to be the best from an economic point of view.Our investigations confirm that it is better to perform intensive farming under more favourable market conditions. The optimum of N fertilisation is probably outside of the range we examined, if the extreme changes in maize and fertiliser prices are ignored.
JEL Classification: Q16, Q12, Q13, O32
Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of Chinese women with infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization with embryonic cryopreservation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: wang jingxue , liu qiwei , Deng Boer , chen fang , liu xiaowei , cheng jiumei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To examine differences in the maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of Chinese women with various causes of infertility who underwent in vitro fertilization(IVF) with embryonic cryopreservation treatment.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included women with various causes of infertility who used IVF. In order to reduce the research error, we deliberately removed the fresh ET cycles and ICSI cycles at the beginning, so in our data the IVF-ET method was frozen-embryo transfer.[MOU1] [MOU2] Data on demographic characteristics, medical history, laboratory tests, and delivery were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for pregnancy and perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes. The multivariable model was adjusted for age, gravidity, parity, pre-pregnancy obesity, birth plurality, and history of previous caesarean section.[MOU3] Results: The IVF treatment group was divided into 5 subgroups according to infertility cause as follows: ovulation disorder, tubal disease, male infertility, endometriosis, and mixed infertility. Among singleton pregnancies, we verified that IVF with embryonic cryopreservation pregnancies are related to increased risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. Besides，compared with spontaneous pregnancies, IVF pregnancies were associated with significant increases in the rates of the following: gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, preterm preeclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, low birthweight, macrosomia, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in the ovulation disorder group; GDM, placenta previa, placenta accreta, postpartum haemorrhage, macrosomia and 5-minute Apgar score ≤7 in the tubal disease group; placenta previa, small for gestational age, macrosomia and NICU admission in the endometriosis group; placenta previa and placenta accreta in the male infertility group; and GDM, placenta previa, placental abruption, chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, and 1-minute Apgar score≤7 in the mixed infertility group. Among multiple pregnancies, most of the differences that were significant in singleton pregnancies were less extensive or had disappeared.[MOU4] [MOU5] Conclusions: During the perinatal period, maternal characteristics, in particular type of infertility, appears an additional risk factor for abnormal pregnancy outcomes besides use of IVF techniques. Lower risk is found in male infertility and higher risk for ovulation disorders.[MOU6]
Neuroanatomical underpinnings of autism symptomatology in carriers and non-carriers of the 22q11.2 microdeletion
Authors: Gudbrandsen Maria , Bletsch Anke , Mann Caroline , Daly Eileen , Murphy Clodagh M , Stoencheva Vladimira , Blackmore Charlotte , Rogdaki Maria , Kushan Leila , Bearden Carrie E , Murphy Declan G.M , Craig Michael C , Ecker Christine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: A crucial step to understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is to examine if the biological underpinnings of ASD in genetic high-risk conditions, like 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS), are similar to those in idiopathic illness. This study aimed to examine if ASD symptomatology in 22q11.2DS is underpinned by the same – or distinct – neural systems that mediate these symptoms in non-deletion carriers. Methods: We examined vertex-wise estimates of cortical volume (CV), surface area (SA), and cortical thickness across 131 individuals between 6 and 25 years of age including (1) 50 individuals with 22q11.2DS, out of which n=25 had a diagnosis of ASD, (2) 40 non-carriers of the microdeletion with a diagnosis of ASD (i.e. idiopathic ASD), and (3) 41 typically developing (TD) controls. We employed a 2-by-2 factorial design to identify neuroanatomical variability associated with the main effects of 22q11.2DS and ASD, as well as their interaction. Further, using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we compared neuroanatomical variability associated with the complex (i.e. multivariate) clinical phenotype of ASD between 22q11.2 deletion carriers and non-carriers. Results: The set of brain regions associated with the main effect of 22q11.2DS was distinct from the neuroanatomical underpinnings of the main effect of ASD. Moreover, significant 22q11.2DS-by-ASD interactions were observed for CV and SA in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex, suggesting that the neuroanatomy of ASD is significantly modulated by 22q11.2DS ( p <0.01). We further established that the multivariate patterns of neuroanatomical variability associated with differences in symptom profiles significantly differed between 22q11.2 deletion carriers and non-carriers. Limitations: We employed a multicenter design to overcome single-site recruitment limitations, however, FreeSurfer derived measures of surface anatomy have been shown to be highly reliable across scanner platforms and field-strengths’. Further, we controlled for gender to address the differing distribution between idiopathic ASD individuals and the other groups. Nonetheless, the gender distribution in our sample reflects that of the respective populations, adding to the generalizability of our results. Last, we included individuals with a relatively wide age range (i.e. 6-25 years). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that neuroanatomical correlates of ASD symptomatology in carriers of the 22q11.2 microdeletion diverge from those in idiopathic ASD.