bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle-strengthening exercise and prevalent hypertension among 1.5 million adults: a little is better than none
Authors: Bennie Jason A. , Lee Duck-chul , Brellenthin Angelique G. , De Cocker Katrien 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Clinical evidence suggests that muscle-strengthening exercise (using weight machines/body weight exercises) may be an important antihypertensive lifestyle therapy. However, epidemiological research on the association between muscle-strengthening exercise and hypertension is limited. We conducted the first population-level study describing the associations between muscle-strengthening exercise and prevalent hypertension among a large sample of US adults.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, data were pooled from four US health surveillance surveys (2011–2017) (n = 1 539  309, aged ≥18 years). Muscle-strengthening exercise frequency and self-reported clinically diagnosed hypertension (n = 431 313; 28%) were assessed using the same items across each survey. Generalized linear models using Poisson regression with robust error variance were used to calculate the prevalence ratios of hypertension (outcome variable) across muscle-strengthening exercise [exposure variables: 0 (reference); 1 to ≥7 times/week), adjusting for potential cofounders.

Results:
Compared with those doing none, the adjusted prevalence ratios for hypertension were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.66–0.68), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.67–0.68), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.69–0.70), 0.61 (95% CI: 0.60–0.63), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.61–0.64), 0.60 (95% CI: 0.58–0.62) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.82–0.84) among the groups engaging in muscle-strengthening exercise one, two, three, four, five, six, and at least seven times/week, respectively. Associations remained after stratification for sociodemographic factors (age, sex), lifestyle characteristics (aerobic exercise, BMI, self-rated health, smoking, alcohol) and comorbidities (e.g. arthritis, diabetes, depression).

Conclusion:
Among over 1.5 million adults, compared with those doing none, any weekly frequency in muscle-strengthening exercise was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension. Longitudinal studies and large-scale muscle-strengthening exercise interventions with population representative samples are needed to confirm these preliminary cross-sectional observations.
Actionable Ventricular Tachycardia During In-Hospital ECG Monitoring and Its Impact on Alarm Fatigue
Authors: Pelter Michele M. , Suba Sukardi , Sandoval Cass , Zègre-Hemsey Jessica K. , Berger Sarah , Larsen Amy , Badilini Fabio , Hu Xiao 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) is the most common lethal arrhythmia, yet 90% of alarms are false and contribute to alarm fatigue. We hypothesize that some true V-tach also causes alarm fatigue because current criteria are too sensitive (i.e., ≥6 beats ≥100 beats/min [bpm]).

Purpose:
This study was designed to determine (1) the proportion of clinically actionable true V-tach events; (2) whether true actionable versus nonactionable V-tach differs in terms of heart rate and/or duration (seconds); and (3) if actionable V-tach is associated with adverse outcomes.

Methods:
This was a secondary analysis in 460 intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Electronic health records were examined to determine if a V-tach event was actionable or nonactionable. Actionable V-tach was defined if a clinical action(s) was taken within 15 minutes of its occurrence (i.e., new and/or change of medication, defibrillation, and/or laboratory test). Maximal heart rate and duration for each V-tach event were measured from bedside monitor electrocardiography. Adverse patient outcomes included a code blue event and/or death.

Results:
In 460 ICU patients, 50 (11%) had 151 true V-tach events (range 1–20). Of the 50 patients, 40 (80%) had only nonactionable V-tach (97 events); 3 (6%) had both actionable and nonactionable V-tach (32 events); and 7 patients (14%) had only actionable V-tach (23 events). There were differences in duration comparing actionable versus nonactionable V-tach (mean 56.19 ± 116.87 seconds vs. 4.28 ± 4.09 seconds; P = 0.001) and maximal heart rate (188.81 ± 116.83 bpm vs. 150.79 ± 28.26 bpm; P = 0.001). Of the 50 patients, 3 (6%) had a code blue, 2 died, and all were in the actionable V-tach group.

Conclusions:
In our sample, <1% experienced a code blue following true V-tach. Heart rate and duration for actionable V-tach were much faster and longer than that for nonactionable V-tach. Current default settings typically used for electrocardiographic monitoring (i.e., ≥6 beats ≥100 bpm) appear to be too conservative and can lead to crisis/red level nuisance alarms that contribute to alarm fatigue. A prospective study designed to test whether adjusting default settings to these higher levels is safe for patients is needed.
Regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in resting-state brain activity in tinnitus patients
Authors: Yang Haidi , Lin Haiyan , Lin Xiaofeng , Zhang Xueyuan , Xiong Hao , Zheng Yiqing 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Subjective tinnitus is characterized by the perception of sound in the absence of any external auditory stimuli. This perceived sound may be related to altered intrinsic neural activity generated along the central auditory pathway. This retrospective study was designed to investigate regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in the resting-state brain activity of patients with tinnitus.

Methods:

We recruited tinnitus patients with normal hearing or mild hearing loss (
n
= 17) and age-matched healthy controls (
n
= 20), and examined regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in resting-state brain activity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. The present study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board on Experimental Ethics at Sun Yat-sen University, China (approval No. SYSEC-KY-KS-2019-083).

Results:

Compared with normal controls, patients with tinnitus had significantly decreased regional homogeneity in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and increased homogeneity in the inferior frontal gyrus (
P
< 0.05 corrected at a cluster-level). In addition, tinnitus patients showed enhanced functional connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the ventral striatum and midbrain, as well as increased connectivity between the cerebellum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (
P
< 0.05 corrected at a cluster-level). We also found decreased connectivity between the cerebellum and the anterior insula compared with controls (
P
< 0.05 corrected at a cluster-level).

Conclusion:
Abnormal connectivity in non-auditory brain structures, particularly those related to emotion processing, may be associated with tinnitus persistence.
Predictors of mortality, limb loss, and discharge disposition at admission among patients with necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Horn Dara L. , Shen Jolie , Roberts Emma , Wang Theresa N. , Li Kevin S. , O'Keefe Grant E. , Cuschieri Joseph , Bulger Eileen M. , Robinson Bryce R.H. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) represent a heterogeneous group of rapidly progressive skin and soft tissue infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Efforts to identify factors associated with death have produced mixed results, and little or no data is available for other adverse outcomes. We sought to determine whether admission variables were associated with mortality, limb loss, and discharge disposition in patients with NSTI.

METHODS
We analyzed prospectively collected data of adult patients with surgically confirmed NSTI from an NSTI registry maintained at a quaternary referral center. Factors independently associated with mortality, amputation, and skilled nursing facility discharge were identified using logistic regression.

RESULTS
Between 2015 and 2018, 446 patients were identified. The median age was 55 years (interquartile range, 43–62). The majority of patients were male (65%), white (77%), and transferred from another facility (90%). The perineum was most commonly involved (37%), followed by the lower extremity (34%). The median number of operative debridements was 3 (interquartile range, 2–4). Overall mortality was 15%, and 21% of extremity NSTI patients required amputation. Age greater than 60 years; creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL; white blood cell count greater than 30 x 10^3 /μl, platelets less than 150 × 103/μL, and clostridial involvement were independently associated with greater odds of death; perineal involvement was associated with lower odds of death. Age greater than 60 years; sex, male; nonwhite race; diabetes; chronic wound as etiology; leg involvement; transfer status; and sodium, less than 130 mEq/L were independently associated with amputation. Age greater than 60 years; sex, female; nonwhite race; perineal involvement; and amputation were associated with skilled care facility discharge.

CONCLUSION
Necrotizing soft tissue infections are a heterogeneous group of infections involving significantly different patient populations with different outcomes; efforts to differentiate and predict adverse outcomes in NSTI should include laboratory data, comorbidities, infection site, and/or etiology to improve predictions and better account for this heterogeneity.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic, Level III.
Argonaute Binding within 3’-Untranslated Regions Does Not Predict Gene Repression
Authors: Chu Yongjun , Kilikevicius Audrius , Liu Jing , Johnson Krystal C. , Yakota Shinnichi , Corey David R. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTDespite two decades of study, the full scope of RNAi in mammalian cells has remained obscure. Here we combine: 1) Knockout of argonaute (AGO) variants; 2) RNA sequencing analysis of gene expression changes; and 3) Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (CLIP-seq) using anti-AGO2 antibody to identify potential microRNA (miRNA) binding sites. We find that knocking out AGO1, AGO2, and AGO3 are necessary to achieve full impact on gene expression. CLIP-seq reveals several hundred significant AGO2 associations within the 3’-untranslated regions of cytoplasmic transcripts. The standard mechanism of miRNA action would suggest that these associations repress gene expression. Contrary to this expectation, clusters are poorly correlated with gene repression in wild-type versus knockout cells. Many clusters are associated with increased gene expression in wild-type versus knock out cells, including the strongest cluster within theMYC3’-UTR. Our results suggest that assumptions about miRNA action should be re-examined.
Diet Post-translationally Modifies The Gut Microbial Proteome To Modulate Renal Function
Authors: Lobel Lior , Cao Y. Grace , Glickman Jonathan N. , Garrett Wendy S. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe identify a novel mechanism linking diet, gut microbial metabolism, and renal function. We found that a sulfur amino acid-based dietary intervention post-translationally modifies a microbial enzyme, blunting its uremic toxin-producing activity and alleviating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a preclinical model. We also define a heretofore unknown role for the post-translational modification S-sulfhydration within the gut microbiome. This study provides a framework for understanding how diet can tune microbiota function via protein post-translational modification without altering microbial community composition to support healthy host physiology beyond the gut and specifically how a dietary modification can inhibit tryptophanase activity to ameliorate CKD progression.One Sentence SummaryWe found that diet post-translationally modifies the gut microbiota proteome to modulate kidney function.
Caregivers’ perspectives on health-care transition in autism
Authors: Schwartz Jaclyn K. , Agrawal Mavara , Treminio Ingris , Espinosa Sofia , Rodriguez Melissa , Richard Lynne 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience significant health-care disparities across physical and mental health domains resulting in poorer health and quality of life. Poor transitions to adult care negatively impact the health of adults with ASD. Current research focuses on personal factors in research samples that lack diversity. The purpose of this study is to examine the lived health-care experiences of geographically and ethnically diverse young adults with ASD in adult care settings in the USA to understand provider and system-level factors affecting their health.

Design/methodology/approach
Nine caregivers of young adults with ASD participated in key informant interviews describing their experiences in navigating the health-care system. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.

Findings
The data indicated that limited quantity of services, poor quality of services, and high cost of services had a negative effect on the health of adults with ASD. Issues cascaded to become more complex.

Practical implications
Practical implications for payors, providers, persons with ASD and their families are discussed in this paper.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study answers the call to better understand system-level factors affecting the health of geographically and ethnically diverse people with ASD.
Traditional cyberloafing, mobile cyberloafing and personal mobile-internet loafing in business organizations
Authors: Batabyal Sauvik Kumar , Bhal Kanika Tandon 
Published: February 2020

PurposePossession and usage of data-enabled smartphones have added further complexity to the issue of cyberloafing behavior and it certainly evokes newer ethical concerns. This study aims to explore how working individuals perceive the ethicality of their cyberloafing behaviors at the workplace and the cognitive logics they apply to justify their cyberloafing behavior.Design/methodology/approachIncorporating constructivist grounded theory methodology, 19 working managers from various organizations were interviewed face-to-face and responses were audio-recorded with prior consent. The recordings were transcribed verbatim, simultaneously analyzed and coded to let the themes emerge out of the data.FindingsThe research showed that working managers use varied combinations of office computers, personal laptops, smartphones, wireless internet provided at the office and personal mobile-internet to loaf around at workplaces. Moreover, it unearthed that employees use nine different neutralization techniques and six different ethical logics (with normative undertones) in a network fashion while considering the ethicality of cyberloafing behavior.Practical implicationsRecognizing the complexities is imperative to moderate any deviant behavior in an organization. The layers of ethicality and neutralization tactics will equip the working managers and companies to place the required internet and smartphone usage policies in the future.Originality/valueThis research has taken into account all forms of cyberloafing behaviors. The perceived ethicality of cyberloafing behavior at the workplace was not fully explored in a holistic manner before, specifically in the Indian context.
Evidence and indications for systemic treatment in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Elkjaer Anna Sofie , Lynge Sidsel Kirstine , Grauslund Jakob 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEye screening is mandatory in diabetes, but treatment is only indicated at the sight‐threatening stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Treatments include intravitreal injections, laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy, which are all invasive options. In order to prevent or delay DR, it is important to investigate earlier, non‐invasive managements prior to sight‐threatening DR. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of systemic treatment on incident and progressive DR. The search in this systematic review was performed in PubMed and Embase using the keywords ‘diabetic retinopathy’ AND ‘systemic therapy’. Two independent researchers identified 619 studies; 26 duplicates were removed, 579 articles were excluded based on title and abstract, and six were removed after full‐text assessment. Five articles were added from reference screening, resolving in a total of 13 eligible articles. These were quality‐assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Twelve randomized control trials and one follow‐up study were included. Intensive glycaemic control (IGC), antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering treatments were some of the main interventions tested in the studies. Three studies found statistically significant reduction of progression of DR by IGC, three by antihypertensive, and two by the lipid‐lowering drug fenofibrate. Systemic intervention appears important in different stages of DR. While IGC seems effective in relation to incident and progressive DR, antihypertensive treatments may be valuable in the early stages of DR, as opposed to fenofibrate, which could benefit at a later stage.
Evaluating glucose‐lowering treatment in older people with diabetes: Lessons from the IMPERIUM trial
Authors: Sinclair Alan J. , Heller Simon R. , Pratley Richard E. , Duan Ran , Heine Robert J. , Festa Andreas , Kiljański Jacek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the benefits and risks of treatments to be used by older individuals (≥65 years old) is critical for informed therapeutic decisions. Glucose‐lowering therapy for older patients with diabetes should be tailored to suit their clinical condition, comorbidities and impaired functional status, including varying degrees of frailty. However, despite the rapidly growing population of older adults with diabetes, there are few dedicated clinical trials evaluating glucose‐lowering treatment in older people. Conducting clinical trials in the older population poses multiple significant challenges. Despite the general agreement that individualizing treatment goals and avoiding hypoglycaemia is paramount for the therapy of older people with diabetes, there are conflicting perspectives on specific glycaemic targets that should be adopted and on use of specific drugs and treatment strategies. Assessment of functional status, frailty and comorbidities is not routinely performed in diabetes trials, contributing to insufficient characterization of older study participants. Moreover, significant operational barriers and problems make successful enrolment and completion of such studies difficult. In this review paper, we summarize the current guidelines and literature on conducting such trials, as well as the learnings from our own clinical trial (IMPERIUM) that assessed different glucose‐lowering strategies in older people with type 2 diabetes. We discuss the importance of strategies to improve study design, enrolment and attrition. Apart from summarizing some practical advice to facilitate the successful conduct of studies, we highlight key gaps and needs that warrant further research.
Defining and identifying predictors of rapid response to pediatric obesity treatment
Authors: Eichen Dawn M. , Mestre Zoe L. , Strong David R. , Rhee Kyung E. , Boutelle Kerri N. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryEarly weight loss (rapid response [RR]) is associated with better outcomes in adults. Less is known about RR in children enrolled in weight‐loss treatment. The aim of the current study was to establish an RR weight‐loss threshold following 4 weeks of pediatric obesity treatment and identify characteristics associated with achieving RR. One hundred thirty‐seven children aged 8 to 12 with overweight/obesity and parents participated in 6 months of family‐based or parent‐based treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated how weight loss at week 4 related to decreases of 5% at posttreatment and 10% at 6‐ and 18‐month follow‐ups of standardized body mass index (BMIz), percentage distance of a child's BMI from the median BMI for sex and age, and percentage above the 95th percentile. Weight loss of 2.4% to 3.4% at week 4 predicted 5% change at posttreatment (AUC's = .68‐.75; P's ≤ .002) and 10% change at 6‐month follow‐up (AUC's = .63‐.70; P's ≤ .02). No model was significant at 18‐month follow‐up. Amount of parent weight (lbs) change at week 4 was associated with child achieving RR. Males and Non‐Hispanic Whites were more likely to achieve RR. This threshold could be used to mark early significant progress and guide clinical evaluations of treatment response to paediatric obesity treatment.
Sleep and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity in middle‐aged adults and the elderly: A population‐based study
Authors: Lysen Thom S. , Zonneveld Hazel I. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Ikram M. Arfan , Luik Annemarie I. , Vernooij Meike W. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSleep problems increase with ageing. Increasing evidence suggests that sleep problems are not only a consequence of age‐related processes, but may independently contribute to developing vascular or neurodegenerative brain disease. Yet, it remains unclear what mechanisms underlie the impact sleep problems may have on brain health in the general middle‐aged and elderly population. Here, we studied sleep's relation to brain functioning in 621 participants (median age 62 years, 55% women) from the population‐based Rotterdam Study. We investigated cross‐sectional associations of polysomnographic and subjectively measured aspects of sleep with intrinsic neural activity measured with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging on a different day. We investigated both functional connectivity between regions and brain activity (blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent signal amplitude) within regions, hierarchically towards smaller topographical levels. We found that longer polysomnographic total sleep time is associated with lower blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent signal amplitude in (pre)frontal regions. No objective or subjective sleep parameters were associated with functional connectivity between or within resting‐state networks. The findings may indicate a pathway through which sleep, in a ‘real‐life’ population setting, impacts brain activity or regional brain activity determines total sleep time.
Online implementation of an event history calendar with formr: A tutorial
Authors: Wieczorek Larissa L. , Tata Cyril S. , Penke Lars , Gerlach Tanja M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEvent history calendars (EHCs) are popular tools for retrospective data collection. Originally conceptualized as face‐to‐face interviews, EHCs contain various questions about the respondents' autobiography in order to use their experiences as cues to facilitate remembering. For relationship researchers, EHCs are particularly valuable when trying to reconstruct the relational past of individuals. However, although many studies are conducted online nowadays, no freely available online adaptation of the EHC is available yet. In this tutorial, detailed instructions are provided on how to implement an online EHC for the reconstruction of romantic relationship histories within the open‐source frameworkformr. Ways to customize the online EHC and provide a template for researchers to adapt the tool for their own purposes are showcased.
Microaggression: Conceptual and scientific issues
Authors: McClure Emma , Rini Regina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScientists, philosophers, and policymakers disagree about how to define microaggression. Here, we offer a taxonomy of existing definitions, clustering around (a) the psychological motives of perpetrators, (b) the experience of victims, and (c) the functional role of microaggression in oppressive social structures. We consider conceptual and epistemic challenges to each and suggest that progress may come from developing novel hybrid accounts of microaggression, combining empirically tractable features with sensitivity to the testimony of victims.