bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A111: Racial differences in the relationship between dimensions of smoking exposure and lung cancer risk: A pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium Study
Authors: Arauz Rony F. , Freedman Neal D. , Inoue-Choi Maki , Schwartz Ann G. , Ryan Brid M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer incidence is higher among African Americans (AAs) compared with European Americans (EAs) and Asian Americans (AsA) in the United States. Although there has been a significant reduction in cigarette smoking, racial disparities in tobacco use and lung cancer risk persist in the US. While data exists suggesting that African Americans have a higher risk of lung cancer at lower cigs per day, data independently linking each measure of smoking exposures and lung cancer risk among AAs compared with EAs and AsA are limited. We conducted a pooled case-control study of 19,965 cases and 331,478 controls from 10 population-based case-control and cohort studies from the US within the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). We used logistic regression models to examine associations between several smoking dimensions (status, age at initiation, duration, intensity, pack-years and cessation) and lung cancer risk. Overall, the magnitude of the relationship between each dimension of smoking exposure and lung cancer risk was higher among AAs. AAs who were light smokers had an increased odds of lung cancer compared with EAs and AsA (1-10 cigs/day: AA OR = 5.66, 95% CI: 4.73-6.76; EA OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 2.58-3.17; AsA OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 2.35-3.39) after adjustment for age, gender and study center. Similar trends were observed for age at smoking initiation (age at smoking initiation 25+ years: AA OR = 7.54, 95% CI: 6.35-8.96; EA OR = 5.49, 95% CI: 4.99-6.03; AsA OR = 4.00, 95% CI: 3.44-4.66). This study suggests that racial and ethnic differences between individual dimensions of smoking exposure and lung cancer exist. In general, at equal levels of exposure, AAs seem to be more susceptible than EAs and AsA. Future work will assess if these findings hold following adjustment for population specific smoking patterns.
Citation Format: Rony F. Arauz, Neal D. Freedman, Maki Inoue-Choi, Ann G. Schwartz, Brid M. Ryan. Racial differences in the relationship between dimensions of smoking exposure and lung cancer risk: A pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A111.
Abstract A116: Occupational disparities in women’s employment after cancer
Authors: Ekenga Christine , Kwon Eunsun , Kim BoRin , Park Sojung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment, the population of working-age cancer survivor population has grown. However, few studies have examined long-term (10+ years) employment outcomes after treatment. We evaluated the impact of cancer on employment outcomes among women enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative panel of non-institutionalized adults aged 51 and older in the United States Methods: Data came from nine waves of the HRS (1998-2014) (n = 7,088; Observations = 26,355). We conducted two sets of analyses: The first set of analyses examined the impact of cancer on employment status and the second set of analyses examined the impact of cancer on the number of work hours for women who were working full time (≥ 35 hours per typical work week) at baseline. For the analysis of employment status, we used a random intercept logistic regression in a multi-level growth curve framework to analyze change over time in likelihood of employment. For the analysis of hours of work per week, we used a mixed-effects coefficient regression to assess work hours trajectories in relation to cancer. Results: There were 7,088 working-age (51-64 years) women in the study sample. Approximately 7% (n=483) of the sample were cancer survivors, with a mean number of years since diagnosis of 9 years. After controlling for sociodemographic and health factors, women who were 6-10 year cancer survivors had a 2.3 times greater likelihood of being employed over time than women without a history of cancer; however, if these women had professional jobs, they were less likely to work over time (OR = 0.4) than professional women without a history of cancer. Long-term (10+ year) cancer survivors in professional occupations tended to work less hours per week at baseline (-4.1 hours) and over time (-2.4 hours) than professional women who without a history of cancer. Conclusions: Professional women may be vulnerable to job loss after cancer treatment. Identifying factors associated with continued employment for women will be key to developing strategies to promoting quality survivorship in the growing cancer survivor population.
Citation Format: Christine Ekenga, Eunsun Kwon, BoRin Kim, Sojung Park. Occupational disparities in women’s employment after cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A116.
Abstract A125: The impact of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on colorectal cancer screening in vulnerable populations: A systematic literature review
Authors: Yudkin Joshua S , Doria-Rose V. Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Disparities have existed and continue to exist in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Disparities in screening are correlated with other factors including educational attainment, healthcare access/insurance, and family history knowledge. These factors impact different vulnerable communities differently. This paper explores the impact of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on CRC screening rates and disparities in the United States. Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature review conducted in June 2019 revealed 47 published articles that explore the impact of the ACA on CRC screening. Results: The ACA affected CRC screening primarily in three ways: 1) costs associated with screening and diagnostic follow-up were reduced among commercially-insured patients, removing financial barriers; 2) uninsured, non-Medicaid-eligible individuals were able to gain access to healthcare services such as CRC screening through insurance plans purchased through health exchanges; and 3) vulnerable and high-risk populations gained access through the expansion of and changes to Medicaid in 32 states. These three pathways reduced screening disparities between various ethnic and racial populations, yet disparities remain. Conclusions: The ACA expanded access to screening and treatment efforts in order to decrease cancer incidence, increase early detection, decrease costly CRC management, and extend life expectancy for CRC survivors. Yet, the limited literature shows mixed results in terms of the ACA’s impact, especially in its initial phase. While screening technologies and systemic changes by the ACA have made significant progress in reaching high-risk and vulnerable populations including ethnic and racial minorities, there is still a concerning gap in both access to CRC screening services and the associated disparities in mortality. Future research should focus on delayed impacts of the ACA.
Citation Format: Joshua S Yudkin, V. Paul Doria-Rose. The impact of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on colorectal cancer screening in vulnerable populations: A systematic literature review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A125.
Abstract B023: Cancer disparities and faith-based messaging in the African American church
Authors: Williams Tiffany H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cancer disparities and faith-based messaging in the African American church.
Citation Format: Tiffany H Williams. Cancer disparities and faith-based messaging in the African American church [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B023.
Abstract B030: See, Test, and Treat: Engaging vulnerable populations in cancer screening
Authors: Williams Michelle S , Wells Jimmie , Duhe Roy , Allen Timothy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The breast cancer and cervical cancer mortality rates among women in Mississippi are higher than the national averages. Early detection and early treatment are associated with longer survival rates among women who are diagnosed with breast cancer or cervical cancer. However, the percentage of women in Mississippi who report having regular mammograms and in cervical cancer screenings is lower than the national average. Purpose: Clinicians and investigators at UMMC are actively working within transdisciplinary teams to implement evidence-based interventions aimed at reducing breast and cervical cancer mortality disparities in the state. Methods: See, Test, and Treat was a community-based cancer screening event that occurred on June 1, 2019 at the UMMC Cancer Center and Research Institute. The UMMC team provided breast, cervical and oral cancer screenings to 103 women. Healthy cooking and exercise demonstrations, were conducted to actively engage patients in health education activities. Participants completed a brief exit survey that was used to gather data on the effect of the program on the patients’ knowledge and attitudes towards cancer screenings, and intentions to changed cancer related health behaviors. Results: The short-term outcomes showed that 21 patients had abnormal mammograms. All of the patients with abnormal mammograms were immediately linked to follow-up care. No Pap tests were returned with abnormal results. However, the clinicians diagnosed 8 patients with Trichomonas. The majority of the patients indicated that their knowledge of and attitudes towards breast and cervical cancer screening changed positively and the majority intended to change their cancer related health behaviors. Conclusion: See, Test, and Treat is an effective community-based activity that can increase access to breast, cervical and oral cancer screenings by uninsured and underinsured women.
Citation Format: Michelle S Williams, Jimmie Wells, Roy Duhe, Timothy Allen. See, Test, and Treat: Engaging vulnerable populations in cancer screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B030.
Abstract B047: Community-academic partners working in a small grants program
Authors: Sondgeroth Karoline , Palacios Rebecca , Unguez Graciela A , O'Connell Mary , Loest Helena B , Englund Kaitlin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Community-based participatory research can help reduce health disparities among underserved populations. The New Mexico State University - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Partnership for the Advancement of Cancer Research (NMSU – Fred Hutch PACR) aims to reduce cancer health disparities in part through the establishment of community-academic partnerships. The Outreach Core of the PACR has supported a small grants program since 2015 to award funds to competitive community-academic partnership teams addressing regional cancer or health disparities issues through health education. Each year, the Outreach Core staff presents a grant-writing workshop to assist community groups in the development of competitive proposals and to identify academic partners at NMSU. Participants at the grant-writing workshop submit proposals, which are then reviewed by two NMSU faculty researchers. All participants, including the awardees, receive the reviewers’ feedback on their proposal. Over the past four cycles, the grant-writing workshop has trained 60 community members. The top two proposals are funded each year. To date, eight different proposals have been funded, six at $7500 each and two at $5,000 each. All of the funded projects undergo an IRB review at NMSU before the start of the research project. The NMSU academic partners are involved with the community groups through the design, submission of Human Subjects protocol to the IRB, and through data analysis and reporting. Examples of small grant proposals will be presented, including a discussion of how their partnerships worked. This interaction between the community groups and research academics increases the relevance of academic research by assisting the community groups in evaluating their novel educational interventions through robust research projects. Furthermore, these small grant partnerships may serve to provide pilot data for more extensive efforts funded by other agencies.
Citation Format: Karoline Sondgeroth, Rebecca Palacios, Graciela A Unguez, Mary O'Connell, Helena B Loest, Kaitlin Englund. Community-academic partners working in a small grants program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B047.
Abstract B049: Psychological underpinnings of cervical cancer screening intentions among the underserved: An examination of the influence of cancer fatalistic notions and associated cognitions
Authors: Garrido Carlos O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cervical cancer screening participation is squarely determined by judgment and decision-making, but research examining the influence of cognitive biases on screening decisions remains scant. For instance, the implications of fatalistic views of cancer has been studied in the past, but no other research has furthered explored the psychological underpinnings of cancer fatalism and related constructs in relation to cervical cancer screening intentions. Critically important, however, is to explore the nature of the relationship between cancer fatalism and two related cognitions—cancer information overload (confusion and overwhelming feelings toward cancer information) and cancer information avoidance—for the development of effective psychological interventions. Another wrinkle is added when considering the social demographics of potential screening-seekers due to the health disparities of cervical cancer (Bazargan, Bazargan, Farooq & Baker, 2004) and high endorsement of cancer fatalism among minorities and other disadvantaged groups (for a review, see Espinosa de los Monteros & Gallo, 2011). Another chief aim of this current work was to examine the relationships between the constructs of interest in relation to the three components implicated by the theory of planned behavior (see Ajzen & Madden, 1986) as most predictive of behavioral intent. That is, attitude toward cervical cancer screening, subjective norms about cancer screening (what person believes others think she should do), and perceived behavioral control over getting cancer screening were the outcome variables. I recruited 90 community women from an online subject recruitment forum and presented them with the measures of interest in random order. Results showed that cancer fatalism and cancer information overload predicted negative attitudes toward cervical cancer screening. Cancer fatalism also predicted subjective norms but not perceived behavioral control. Educational attainment and access to health insurance were also associated with cancer fatalistic thoughts, but not minority status. Lastly, cancer information avoidance (effect modifier) interacted with cancer fatalistic thoughts in predicting attitudes toward cervical cancer screening and intentions to adhere to Pap exam recommendations. Theoretical and practical implications to public health promotion are discussed.
Citation Format: Carlos O Garrido. Psychological underpinnings of cervical cancer screening intentions among the underserved: An examination of the influence of cancer fatalistic notions and associated cognitions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B049.
Abstract B069: Upregulation of miR-130b contributes to risk of poor prognosis and racial disparity in African-American prostate cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Yutaka , Shiina Marisa , Tanaka Yuichiro , Dahiya Rajvir , Majid Shahana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) incidence and mortality rates are higher in African-American (AA) than in European-American (EA) men. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the role of miR-130b as a contributor to PC health disparity in AA patients. We also determined whether miR-130b is a prognostic biomarker and a new therapeutic candidate for AA PC. A comprehensive approach of using cell lines, tissue samples and the TCGA database was employed. We performed a series of functional assays such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, RT2-PCR-array, qRT-PCR, cell cycle, luciferase reporter, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Various statistical approaches such as Kaplan-Meier, Uni- and Multivariate analyses were utilized to determine the clinical significance of miR-130b. Our results showed that elevated levels of miR-130b correlated with race disparity and PSA levels/failure and acted as an independent prognostic biomarker for AA patients. Two tumor suppressor genes, CDKN1B and FHIT, were validated as direct functional targets of miR-130b. We also found race-specific cell cycle pathway activation in AA PC patients. Functionally, miR-130b inhibition reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration/invasion and induced cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of miR-130b modulated critical PC related biological pathways in AA compared to EA PC patients. In conclusion, attenuation of miR-130b expression has tumor suppressor effects in AA PC. miR-130b is a significant contributor to PC racial disparity as its overexpression is a risk factor for poor prognosis in AA PC patients. Thus, regulation of miR-130b may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the management of PC in AA patients.
Citation Format: Yutaka Hashimoto, Marisa Shiina, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya, Shahana Majid. Upregulation of miR-130b contributes to risk of poor prognosis and racial disparity in African-American prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B069.
Abstract B076: The effect of C1q and gC1qR in breast cancer: Racial health disparities
Authors: Reyes Tiana N , Digiovanni Matthew G , Williams Jennie L , Ghebrehiwet Berhane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most highly diagnosed cancers in the US with African American (AA) women developing a more aggressive form of the cancer at a younger age. The complement system, part of the immune system, is tightly regulated and able to eliminate foreign invaders. Complement proteins can induce cancer cell apoptosis or increased proliferation. Cell surface expression of C1q, apart of the classical pathway of the complement system, and its receptor, gC1qR, is enhanced in malignant cells. Upon treatment with antibody to C1q, an antiproliferative effect in breast cancer cells was observed in vitro. Antibody recognizing gC1qR enhances breast cancer cell survival by promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. It was noted in a panel of breast cancer cell lines that MDA-MB-468, an AA derived cell line, did not express gC1qR compared to three Caucasian American (CA) derived cell lines. In a second study, a lower expression level of gC1qR in the membranes of three AA breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, HCC70, and HCC1500) compared to a CA cell line (MDA-MB-231) was observed. We hypothesize that treatment with anti-C1q will have an antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cell lines, while treatment with anti-gC1qR will have a pro-proliferative effect. One CA (MDA-MB-231) and three AA (MDA-MB-468, HCC1500, and HCC7) breast cancer cell lines were treated with anti-C1q in solution at increasing concentrations where an antiproliferative effect was observed. Coating the culture plate with C1q will determine differential expression. Therefore, the role of C1q and gC1qR on cytokinetics and in racial health disparities are being accessed.
Citation Format: Tiana N Reyes, Matthew G Digiovanni, Jennie L Williams, Berhane Ghebrehiwet. The effect of C1q and gC1qR in breast cancer: Racial health disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B076.