bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Non‐Force‐Free and Deformed Flux Ropes in Titan's Ionosphere
Authors: Martin C. J. , Arridge C. S. , Badman S. V. , Billett D. D. , Barratt C. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious work at Titan presented a set of 85 flux ropes detected during Cassini flybys of Titan from 2005 to 2017. In that study a force‐free model was used to determine the radii and axial magnetic field of the flux ropes. In this work we apply non‐force‐free models. The non‐force‐free model shows an improvement in the number of flux ropes that can be fitted with a model, along with improved uncertainties and χ2 values. A number of asymmetries and features in the magnetometer data cannot be reproduced by either model; therefore, we deform the force‐free model to show that small deformations can replicate these features. One such deformation is to use an elliptical cross section, which replicates a plateau in magnetic field strength along with asymmetries on either side of the center of the flux ropes. Additionally, we explore the properties of bending a flux rope, where we find that minimum variance analysis becomes increasingly degenerate with bending, along with a slight bend causing the switching of the axial field direction from intermediate to maximum variance direction. We conclude that the flux ropes at Titan show aspects of developing flux ropes, compared to other planetary bodies, which exhibit more agreement to the force‐free assumptions of mature flux ropes.
Spatially Coherent Intraseasonal Velocity Fluctuations on the Western Antarctic Peninsula Shelf
Authors: McKee Darren C. , Martinson Douglas G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe analyze several year‐long moored current meter records collected on the midshelf and shelf break of the western Antarctic Peninsula in order to describe the major features of the intraseasonal circulation. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of all current meter records in any given year reveals that over 49% of the circulation variance follows a spatially coherent, nearly depth‐invariant anticyclonic cell in the downstream vicinity of Marguerite Trough, qualitatively consistent with flow‐topography interaction with the canyon. An analysis of kinetic energy spectra supports the interpretation that the shelf break current is diverted shoreward at the location of the canyon and generates substantial counterclockwise energy at periods shorter than ~10 days as the flow is compressed by a downstream bank. The circulation is well correlated with the long‐shore wind stress both local and remote. Composite velocity profiles under upwelling and downwelling winds show that the change in the barotropic current under different wind states is comparable to or larger than the shear of the mean profile in all years. The barotropic velocity fluctuations are generally not coherent with subpycnocline heat content.
Thermal perturbation of NMR properties in small polar and non-polar molecules
Authors: Jaegers Nicholas R. , Wang Yong , Hu Jian Zhi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWater is an important constituent in an abundant number of chemical systems; however, its presence complicates the analysis of in situ1H MAS NMR investigations due to water’s ease of solidification and vaporization, the large changes in mobility, affinity for hydrogen bonding interactions, etc., that are reflected by dramatic changes in temperature-dependent chemical shielding. To understand the evolution of the signatures of water and other small molecules in complex environments, this work explores the thermally-perturbed NMR properties of water in detail by in situ MAS NMR over a wide temperature range. Our results substantially extend the previously published temperature-dependent 1H and 17O chemical shifts, linewidths, and spin-lattice relaxation times over a much wider range of temperatures and with significantly enhanced thermal resolution. The following major results are obtained: Hydrogen bonding is clearly shown to weaken at elevated temperatures in both 1H and 17O spectra, reflected by an increase in chemical shielding. At low temperatures, transient tetrahedral domains of H-bonding networks are evidenced and the observation of the transition between solid ice and liquid is made with quantitative considerations to the phase change. The 1H chemical shift properties in other small polar and non-polar molecules have also been described over a range of temperatures, showing the dramatic effect hydrogen bonding perturbation on polar species. Gas phase species are observed and chemical exchange between gas and liquid phases is shown to play an important role on the observed NMR shifts. The results disclosed herein lay the foundation for a clear interpretation of complex systems during the increasingly popular in situ NMR characterization at elevated temperatures and pressures for studying chemical systems.
Indikation zur prä-, post- und intraoperativen Strahlentherapie von Liposarkomen des Erwachsenenalters
Authors: Roeder Falk 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungRadiotherapie ist ein integraler Bestandteil der Behandlung von Weichteilsarkomen des Erwachsenen. Während die Indikationsstellung zur additiven Radiotherapie bisher im Wesentlichen auf den bekannten allgemeinen Prognosefaktoren wie Tumorgröße, Lokalisation, Grading und (antizipiertem) Resektionsrand basierte, rückt der histologische Subtyp jetzt zunehmend in den Vordergrund. Außerdem haben sich die radiotherapeutischen Techniken deutlich weiterentwickelt, sodass eine adäquate Therapie in einigen Lokalisationen überhaupt erst möglich geworden ist. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst daher zunächst die allgemeinen radioonkologischen Therapieprinzipien für alle Weichteilsarkome, getrennt für die Hauptlokalisationen Extremitäten/Körperstamm und Retroperitoneum, zusammen. Dabei werden sowohl die vorliegende Evidenz für eine additive Radiotherapie per se als auch das optimale Timing (prä- vs. postoperativ) sowie grundlegende technische Prinzipien einschl. alternativer Boostverfahren wie der intraoperativen Radiotherapie erörtert. Weiterhin liegt ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf der Indikation und Durchführung einer additiven Radiotherapie bei Liposarkomen. Hierzu werden sowohl die grundlegenden Unterschiede zwischen Liposarkomen und anderen Weichteilsarkomen als auch zwischen den einzelnen Subgruppen der Liposarkome (gut differenziert, dedifferenziert, myxoid und pleomorph) dargestellt und ihre Implikationen auf Indikationsstellung und Durchführung einer additiven Radiotherapie mit dem Ziel einer übersichtlichen Orientierungshilfe erörtert.
Perfect Triangles: Rational Points on the Curve C4 (The Unsolved Case)
Authors: Ismail Shahrina , Eshkuvatov Zainidin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Finding a perfect triangle was stated as an open problem by Guy in [6]. Numerous researches have been done in the past to find such a triangle, unfortunately, to date, no one has ever found one, nor has proved its non-existence. However, on the bright side, there are partial results which show that there exist triangles that satisfy five or even six of the seven parameters to be rational. In this paper, we perform an extensive search to investigate if we can extract any perfect triangles from the curve C4 based on the final unsolved case in [9], which will then complete the proof of existence or non-existence of perfect triangle on the curve. Multiple conjectures were tested to eliminate the possibilities of finding a perfect triangle from the last unsolved case of n ≡ 3024 (mod 6052) in [9]. Finally, a theorem was proved, which was subtle enough to eliminate this case, proving that there does not exist any perfect triangle arising from the curve C4.
Algorithms to determine fuzzy chromatic number of cartesian product and join of fuzzy graphs
Authors: Rosyida I , Widodo  , Indrati CR , Indriati D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Throughout this paper, we use the concept of fuzzy chromatic number (FCN) of fuzzy graphs based on δ-fuzzy independent vertex sets with δ ∈ [0,1] published in 2015. In this paper, we construct two type algorithms to determine fuzzy chromatic number of cartesian product and join of fuzzy graphs. The first type algorithm is constructed to find FCN of specific fuzzy graphs based on formulas in the theorems. The second type algorithm is designed to establish FCN of cartesian product and join of any fuzzy graphs based on the concepts of the cartesian product and join of fuzzy graphs and fuzzy chromatic algorithm. Experimental results of the algorithms are also discussed.
Hybrid numerical solution for unsteady state of constant accelerated MHD in a third-grade fluid with a rotation
Authors: Mahadi S , Salah F , Arbin N , Yeak SH 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the problem related to the constant accelerated of unsteady MHD third grade fluid in a rotating frame. New numerical approach will be used in order to solve the problem. Hybrid numerical approach of finite difference method and asymptotic interpolation method is introduced. This method is suitable for solving unbounded domain where the domain of the problems tends to infinity. Validation has been made with other analytical method; Homotopy Analysis Method to show that this hybrid method is acceptable. The equation of unsteady state MHD third grade fluid in a rotation about z-axis is derived. The nonlinear equation will be discretized by using finite difference method and couple with asymptotic interpolation to fulfil the unbounded domain of boundary condition. The effect of various values of parameters such as MHD, rotation, time, second and third grade are being tested and discussed. This study concludes that the velocity of distribution decreased when the value of MHD and rotation increased. Meanwhile a contrary result occurs when the factor of time increased. The velocity profile for real part also will be increased and imaginary part will be decreased when the parameter of second and third grade increased.
Bi-orthogonal wavelets for investigating Gibbs effects via oblique extension principle
Authors: Mohammad Mutaz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gibbs effect is generally known for Fourier and Wavelets expansions of a function in the neighborhood of its discontinuities points which deals with the nonuniform convergence of its truncated sums of these expansions. We study this phenomenon using bi-orthogonal wavelets (or simply, framelets) using pseudo-spline tight framelets generated using the oblique extension principle. We present some examples to illustrate the results.
Modelling Steady Convection-Dominated Phenomena by Node-Adaptive Radial Point Interpolation Meshfree Method (RPIM) with Various RBFs
Authors: Chanthawara K , Kaennakham S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor numerically solving PDEs, node or grid adaptation schemes have been invented, applied, and improved mainly to improve solution accuracy while reducing the burden caused by CPU-limitation and/or users’ interference. This becomes crucial particularly for problems involving strong changes in physical phenomena. This work proposes a means of node-adaptation used in conjunction with a numerical meshfree method called ‘radial point interpolation (RPIM)’, carried out using the concept of interpolation via. radial basis functions and hence no grid or mesh required. The proposed method is developed to tackle one of the most challenging problems with convective force being overwhelming in the system. This phenomena is known not to be easily numerically simulated. The proposed node-adaptive scheme is carried out where locally-estimated Péclet number (Pe) being used to indicate the areas of interest, places where nodes are expected to be added or removed. The whole adaptation algorithm is dynamic requiring on user’s interference. When compared to solutions obtained from fixed-node cases and other benchmark work, the results obtained in this work strongly suggest benefits in terms of both solution accuracy improvement and CPU-storage reduction.
The Fractionalization of Modified Logistic Equation to Predict the Growth of Microalgae Botryococcus sp.
Authors: Kaharuddin L N , Jamaian S S , Phang Chang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a fractional – order modified logistic equation is proposed where the extended Monod model is considered for microalgae Botryococcus sp. growth. The fractional calculus approach was applied to the integer – order modified logistic equation. Hence, the well – known numerical approach, Adams-type predictor – corrector method was implemented to solve the fractional – order modified logistic equation. The numerical simulations were carried out to simulate the classical integer – order and the fractional – order equations in describing the real experimental data of microalgae Botryococcus sp. growth. The results show the fractional – order version of the equation is promising with the experimental data.
Construction on Morphology of Aquatic Animals via Moving Least Squares Method
Authors: Cheah Chee Kin , Tey Wah Yen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) is an effective instrument to allow human to execute hazardous underwater mission without being exposed to life risk. Recently, UUV has gained increased popularity in the field of oceanography, underwater archaeology, underwater cable examination, military usage and hydrodynamic survey operation. Since aquatic animals have great capability to circumvent the drag underwater for efficient swimming compared with the torpedo-like man-made submarine, the morphology of aquatic animals shall be investigated in order to improve the efficiency of UUV. However, the complexity and non-linearity of their body shapes has hindered the formation of its morphological equations. Hence, this research aims to apply the mathematical model of moving least squares method to construct continuous equations which describe the bionic body shape of batoid and dolphin. The work will render geometrical support for computer-aided design and fluid dynamics analysis in the future.
Some experimental results of station cone algorithm in comparison with simplex algorithm for linear programming
Authors: Nguyen C N , Le H T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper we introduce a new variant of station cone algorithm to solve linear programmimg problems. It uses a series of interior points Ok to determine the entering variables. The number of these interior points is finite and they move toward the optimal point. At each step, the calcution of new vertex is a simplex pivot. The proposed algorithm will be a polynomial time algorithm if the number of points Ok is limited by a polynomial function. The second objective of this paper is to carry out experimental calculations and compare with simplex methods and dual simplex method. The results show that the number of pivots of the station cone algorithm is less than 30 to 50 times that of the dual algorithm. And with the number of variables n and the number of constraints m increasing, the number of pivots of the dual algorithm is growing much faster than the number of pivots of the station cone algorithm. This conclusion is drawn from the coputational experiments with n ≤ 500 and m ≤ 2000. In particular we also test for cases where n = 2, m = 100 000 and n = 3, m = 200 000. For case where n = 2 and m = 100 000, station cone algorithm is given no more than 16 pivots. In case of n = 3, m = 200 000, station cone algorithm has a pivot number less than 24.
A Numerical Study of a Compactly-Supported Radial Basis Function Applied with a Collocation Meshfree Scheme for Solving PDEs
Authors: Tavaen S , Chanthawara K , Kaennakham S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
It is known that all Radial Basis Function-based meshfree methods suffer from a lack of reliable judgement on the choice of shape parameter, appearing in most of the RBFs. While the popularity of meshfree/meshless numerical methods is growing fast over the past decade, the great challenge is still to find an optimal RBF form with its optimal shape parameter. In this work, the main focus is on one type of RBF namely ‘Compactly-Supported (CS-RBF)’ that contains no parameter, and yet has not been explored numerically as much in the past, particularly under the context of data interpolation/approximation and solving partial differential equations (PDEs). To compare the potential advantages of CS-RBF, two most popular choices of RBF widely used; Multiquadric (MQ), and Gaussian (GA) were studied parallelly. The information gathered and presented in this work shall be useful for the future users in making decision on RBF.
Relationships between informal caregiving, health and work in the Health and Employment After Fifty study, England
Authors: Harris E Clare , D’Angelo Stefania , Syddall Holly E , Linaker Cathy , Cooper Cyrus , Walker-Bone Karen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
To investigate the prevalence of caregiving and its relationship with work, health and socio-economic circumstances in the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) study.

Methods
The HEAF study comprises 8134 men and women aged 50–64 years recruited from 24 general practices. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics and hours per week giving personal care were elicited by postal questionnaire. Objective clinical information about diagnoses/medications was retrieved from health records. Work-related and health risk factors for intense caring responsibilities (≥20 h/week vs. no hours) were explored using logistic regression with adjustment for age and social class.

Results
In all, 644 (17%) men and 1153 (26%) women reported caring responsibilities, of whom 93 and 199 were intense caregivers, who were more likely to be socio-economically disadvantaged; less likely to be working and, if combining caring with working (41 men and 90 women), more likely to be part-time/working shifts, than non-carers. Men caring ≥20 h/week were more likely to have COPD and to report musculoskeletal pain, poor/fair self-rated health, depression and sleep problems. Among working women, caring ≥20 h/week was associated with these same health outcomes and also with a doctor-diagnosed mental health problem or musculoskeletal pain in the previous year.

Conclusions
Caregiving is common and unequal in the HEAF cohort, with more high-intensity informal care provided by those with greater levels of socio-economic deprivation, which could affect their employment and health. Caregivers need support to lead long, healthy lives, rather than becoming care needers themselves. Employers and governments need to take caregiving into account and support it actively.
Opposite effect of vancomycin and D-Cycloserine combination in both vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci
Authors: Boudrioua Abdelhakim , Li Yanyan , Hartke Axel , Giraud Caroline 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The increasing spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is a major human health concern. The challenging development of new effective antibiotics has led to focus on seeking synergistic antibiotic combinations. Vancomycin (VAN) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci infections. It is targeting D-Alanyl-D-Alanine dimers during peptidoglycan biosynthesis. D-cycloserine (DCS) is a D-Alanine analogue that targets peptidoglycan biosynthesis by inhibiting D-Alanine:D-Alanine ligase (Ddl). The VAN-DCS combination was found to be synergistic in VAN resistant S. aureus strains lacking van genes cluster. We hypothesize that this combination leads to opposite effects in S. aureus and enterococci strains harboring van genes cluster where VAN resistance is conferred by the synthesis of modified peptidoglycan precursors ending in D-Alanyl-D-Lactate. The calculated Fractional Inhibitory Concentration of VAN-DCS combination in a van- vancomycin-intermediate, VanA type, and VanB type strains were 0.5, 5 and 3, respectively. As a result, VAN-DCS combination leads to synergism in van-lacking strains, and to antagonism in strains harboring van genes cluster. The VAN-DCS antagonism is due to a mechanism that we named van-mediated Ddl inhibition bypass. Our results show that antibiotic combinations can lead to opposite effects depending on the genetic backgrounds.
A Novel Pharmacological Approach to Enhance the Integrity and Accelerate Restitution of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
Authors: Cao Xuelei , Sun Lei , Lechuga Susana , Naydenov Nayden G , Feygin Alex , Ivanov Andrei I 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisruption of the gut barrier is an essential mechanism of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) contributing to the development of mucosal inflammation. A hallmark of barrier disruption is the disassembly of epithelial adherens junctions (AJs) driven by decreased expression of a major AJ protein, E-cadherin. A group of isoxazole compounds, such as E-cadherin-upregulator (ECU) and ML327, were previously shown to stimulate E-cadherin expression in poorly differentiated human cancer cells. This study was designed to examine whether these isoxazole compounds can enhance and protect model intestinal epithelial barriers in vitro.MethodsThe study was conducted using T84, SK-CO15, and HT-29 human colonic epithelial cell monolayers. Disruption of the epithelial barrier was induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ. Barrier integrity and epithelial junction assembly was examined using different permeability assays, immunofluorescence labeling, and confocal microscopy. Epithelial restitution was analyzed using a scratch wound healing assay.ResultsE-cadherin-upregulator and ML327 treatment of intestinal epithelial cell monolayers resulted in several barrier-protective effects, including reduced steady-state epithelial permeability, inhibition of cytokine-induced barrier disruption and junction disassembly, and acceleration of epithelial wound healing. Surprisingly, these effects were not due to upregulation of E-cadherin expression but were mediated by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of junction protein endocytosis, attenuation of cytokine-induced apoptosis, and activation of promigratory Src and AKT signaling.ConclusionsOur data highlight ECU and ML327 as promising compounds for developing new therapeutic strategies to protect the integrity and accelerate the restitution of the intestinal epithelial barrier in IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
Moral Education and Rule Consequentialism
Authors: Miller Dale E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRule consequentialism holds that an action's moral standing depends on its relation to the moral code whose general adoption would have the best consequences. Heretofore rule consequentialists have understood the notion of a code's being generally adopted in terms of its being generally obeyed or, more commonly, its being generally accepted. I argue that these ways of understanding general adoption lead to unacceptable formulations of the theory. For instance, Brad Hooker, Michael Ridge, and Holly Smith have recently offered different answers to the question of what ‘acceptance rate’ we should build into our formulation of rule consequentialism, and all are unsatisfactory. I argue instead for a novel approach to formulating rule consequentialism, ‘uniform-moral-education’ rule consequentialism, on which what it means for a moral code to be generally adopted is not for it to be generally followed or generally accepted, but instead for it to be generally taught.