bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise point positioning with decimetre accuracy using wide-lane ambiguities and triple-frequency GNSS data
Authors: Deo Manoj , El-Mowafy Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes precise point positioning (PPP) methods that offer an accuracy of a few decimetres (dm) with triple frequency GNSS data. Firstly, an enhanced triple frequency linear combination is presented for rapid fixing of the extra wide-lane (EWL) and wide-lane (WL) ambiguities for GPS, Beidou-2 and Galileo. This has improved performance compared to the Melbourne-Wübbena (MW) linear combination, and has 6.7 % lower measurement noise for the GPS L1/L2 signals, 12.7 % for L1/L5 and 0.7 % for L2/L5. Analysis with tested data showed a 5–6 % reduction in time required to fix the

N

21

{N_{21}}

and

N

51

{N_{51}}

ambiguities.
Once the EWL/WL ambiguities are fixed with the proposed linear combinations, three methods are presented that aim to provide positioning accuracy of a few dm. In the first approach, the three EWL/WL ambiguities in their respective phase equations are used to derive a low-noise ionosphere-free (IF) linear combination. The second method uses a low noise IF combination with two carrier-phase EWL/WL equations and a single pseudorange measurement. The third method uses a low noise IF combination with a single carrier phase EWL equation and two pseudorange measurements. These proposed methods can provide dm level positioning accuracy if carrier phase measurements with mm precision is tracked by the receiver. When comparing these combinations with a combination proposed in [22], it is found that superior performance is achieved with the third method when carrier phase noise is >5–6 mm for GPS and Beidou-2 and >2–3 mm for Galileo. This model only requires the EWL ambiguity to be fixed which typically takes just one epoch of data. Thus, the user achieves instant decimetre level PPP accuracy.
Chemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and in vitro and in silico litholytic effects of Zizyphus lotus extracts
Authors: Aya Khouchlaa , M’hamed Tijane 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine the chemical compounds of organic extracts of fruits and leaves of Zizyphus lotus. The litholytic effect was determined on the basis of the in vitro effect of the aqueous extracts on the formation of crystals of stones. Finally, chemical compounds were investigated to identify their target using an in silico approach.

Methods
The antioxidant activity was determined with the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical trapping method. An aliquot of 2 mL of urine and 100 μL of an infusion of fruit and leaf aqueous extract of Z. lotus at different concentrations were used. The induction of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals was done by the addition of oxalic acid at 0.1 mol/L. The effect of aqueous extracts was compared with two inhibitors (citrate and magnesium) used as references. In silico modelization was carried out using SwissTargetPrediction.

Results
The antioxidant activity test showed that the methanol extract was active with an IC50 of 5 mg/mL. The aqueous extracts of fruits and leaves inhibit the formation of crystals of CaOx. Then, the composition of the methanol extracts of the leaves and fruits in high-performance liquid chromatography showed majority compounds such as quercetin-3-galactoside and hyperin. In silico assays showed that the identified molecules exert their effect by targeting enzymes responsible for calcium regulation, urate regulation, and maintenance of acid-base balance, and that had anti-inflammatory properties.

Conclusions
The present study showed that Z. lotus may be considered as a functional or nutraceutical food. However, further studies should be carried out in order to extract and purify these compounds to test their effect on urinary lithiasis.
Performance Comparison of Free-Space Optical (FSO) Communication Link Under OOK, BPSK, DPSK, QPSK and 8-PSK Modulation Formats in the Presence of Strong Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Sharoar Jahan Choyon A. K. M. , Chowdhury Ruhin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Free-space optical (FSO) communication system provides several advantages over radio frequency (RF) system offering high bandwidth, low cost, small space requirements and more secure transmission which is free from Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). However, when the transmitted light signal passes through the atmosphere it experiences attenuation and fluctuations due to atmospheric turbulence. This paper analyzes the bit error rate (BER) performance of FSO communication systems under strong atmospheric turbulence for on-off keying (OOK), binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 8-phase shift keying (8-PSK) for link distances of 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 m. The probability density function (pdf) of the received irradiance is modelled using the gamma-gamma distribution model. It is found that the system exhibits the best BER performance and compensates the lowest power penalty at BER of 10 - 9 for BPSK modulation compared with other modulation techniques which makes BPSK more appropriate to be used with FSO turbulent system.
Short- and long-term outcomes of preterm spontaneous twin anemia-polycythemia sequence
Authors: Han Soo Jin , Lee Seung Mi , Oh Sohee , Hong Subeen , Oh Jeong Won , Shin Seung Han , Park Chan-Wook , Park Joong Shin , Jun Jong Kwan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn monochorionic twin pregnancy, placental anastomosis and inter-twin blood transfusion can result in specific complications, such as twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS). It is well established that adverse outcomes are increased in TTTS, but reports on the neonatal and long-term outcomes of TAPS are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes in spontaneous TAPS.MethodsThe study population consisted of monochorionic twin pregnancies with preterm birth (24–37 weeks of gestation) between November 2003 and December 2016 and in which cord blood was taken at the time of delivery. According to the result of hemoglobin in cord blood, the study population was divided into two groups: a spontaneous TAPS group and a control group. Neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsDuring the study period, 11 cases were diagnosed as spontaneous TAPS (6.4%). The TAPS group had lower gestational age at delivery and had a higher risk for cesarean delivery. However, neonates with TAPS were not at an increased risk for neonatal mortality and significant neonatal morbidity. In addition, the frequency of severe cerebral lesion during the neonatal period and the risk of cerebral palsy at 2 years of age were not different between the two groups.ConclusionThe spontaneous TAPS diagnosed by postnatal diagnostic criteria was not associated with the increased risk of adverse neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the morbidity of antenatally diagnosed TAPS.
Metric completions, the Heine-Borel property, and approachability
Authors: Kanovei Vladimir , Katz Mikhail G. , Nowik Tahl 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We show that the metric universal cover of a plane with a puncture yields an example of a nonstandard hull properly containing the metric completion of a metric space. As mentioned by Do Carmo, a nonextendible Riemannian manifold can be noncomplete, but in the broader category of metric spaces it becomes extendible. We give a short proof of a characterisation of the Heine-Borel property of the metric completion of a metric space M in terms of the absence of inapproachable finite points in ∗
M.
Temperature-stable black phosphorus field-effect transistors through effective phonon scattering suppression on atomic layer deposited aluminum nitride
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Zheng Hemei , Ang Kahwee , Zhang Hao , Liu Huan , Han Jun , Liu Weiguo , Sun Qingqing , Ding Shijin , Zhang David Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) shows great potential in electronic and optoelectronic applications; however, maintaining the stable performance of BP devices over temperature is still challenging. Here, a novel BP field-effect transistor (FET) fabricated on the atomic layer deposited AlN/SiO2/Si substrate is demonstrated. Electrical measurement results show that BP FETs on the AlN substrate possess superior electrical performance compared with those fabricated on the conventional SiO2/Si substrate. It exhibits a large on-off current ratio of 5 × 108, a low subthreshold swing of <0.26 V/dec, and a high normalized field-effect carrier mobility of 1071 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the temperature range from 77 to 400 K. However, these stable electrical performances are not found in the BP FETs on SiO2/Si substrate when the temperature increases up to 400 K; instead, the electrical performance of BP FETs on the SiO2/Si substrate degrades drastically. Furthermore, to gain a physical understanding on the stable performance of BP FETs on the AlN substrate, low-frequency noise analysis was performed, and it revealed that the AlN film plays a significant role in suppressing the lattice scattering and charge trapping effects at high temperatures.
The crystal structure of ethyl 5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate, C25H21NO2S
Authors: Wang Chang , Bai Tao , Liu Zhaod-Di 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C25H21NO2S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.21802(18) Å, b = 7.42687(17) Å, c = 34.2757(8) Å, β = 91.149(2)°, V = 2091.57(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0388, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1337, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(3-methyl-N-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazonato-κ3
O,N,N′)nickel(II), C28H26N8O2Ni
Authors: Yang Xue-Mei , Zhu Tao , Lin Long 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C28H26N8O2Ni, orthorhombic, Aba2 (no. 41), a = 11.813(10) Å, b = 21.433(17) Å, c = 10.030(8) Å, V = 2539(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0457, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0992, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 4-(3-fluorophenyl)-7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one, C15H9FO3
Authors: Mzozoyana Vuyisa , Zamisa Sizwe J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C15H9FO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.352(2) Å, b = 11.2575(9) Å, c = 10.1604(8) Å, β = 104.434(1)° V = 2254.4(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0340, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0961, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-((2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)quinolin-1-ium perchlorate – methanol (1/1), C15H16N5O5Cl
Authors: Yang Huanhuan , Shi Fanyu , Xu Qingqing , Wang Jinghai , Xing Ai-Ping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C15H16N5O5Cl, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.37210(10) Å, b = 13.30639(19) Å, c = 17.1682(2) Å, β = 97.2301(12)°, Z = 4, V = 1670.74(4) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0357, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1023, T = 173(1) K.
The crystal structure of bis(N-(amino(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzohydrazonato-κ3
N,N′,O)zinc(II) – methanol (2/5), C57H60Cl2N16O13Zn2
Authors: Cuihong Zhang , Dengwu Wang , Yuan Ge , Liguo Yang , Zongcheng Miao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C57H60Cl2N16O13Zn2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.0273(2) Å, b = 22.1495(3) Å, c = 13.3766(2) Å, β = 107.000(1)°, V = 3124.46(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0316, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0806, T = 296(2) K [1–3].
Ehegattensplitting: Besteuerung nach Leistungsfähigkeit und Arbeitsanreizneutralität sind kein Widerspruch
Authors: Allinger Hanjo 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDer wissenschaftliche Beirat im Bundesfinanzministerium schlägt in einem Gutachten materiell die Neuinterpretation, bzw. die teilweise Einschränkung des Leistungsfähigkeitsprinzips bei der Besteuerung von Ehegatten vor, um Arbeitsanreize für verheiratete Zweitverdiener zu erhöhen. Dagegen wendet sich dieser Beitrag. Es wird herausgearbeitet, dass eine ungleiche Verteilung von Haus- und Erwerbsarbeit auch in einer Welt ohne Steuern der Regelfall ist. Es wird deutlich, dass nicht der Beibehalt, sondern die vom Beirat vorgeschlagenen Modifikationen des Splittingverfahrens die Arbeitsanreizentscheidung des Zweitverdieners verzerren würden und darüber hinaus verfassungsrechtlich fragwürdig sind.
Role of kinaesthetic motor imagery in mirror-induced visual illusion as intervention in post-stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Bello Umar M. , Winser Stanley J. , Chan Chetwyn C.H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mirror-induced visual illusion obtained through mirror therapy is widely used to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. Activation of primary motor cortex (M1) ipsilateral to the moving limb has been reported during mirror-induced visual illusion. However, the mechanism through which the mirror illusion elicits motor execution processes without movements observed in the mirrored limb remains unclear. This study aims to review evidence based on brain imaging studies for testing the hypothesis that neural processes associated with kinaesthetic motor imagery are attributed to ipsilateral M1 activation. Four electronic databases were searched. Studies on functional brain imaging, investigating the instant effects of mirror-induced visual illusion among stroke survivors and healthy participants were included. Thirty-five studies engaging 78 stroke survivors and 396 healthy participants were reviewed. Results of functional brain scans (n = 20) indicated that half of the studies (n = 10, 50%) reported significant changes in the activation of ipsilateral M1, which mediates motor preparation and execution. Other common neural substrates included primary somatosensory cortex (45%, kinaesthesia), precuneus (40%, image generation and self-processing operations) and cerebellum (20%, motor control). Similar patterns of ipsilateral M1 activations were observed in the two groups. These neural substrates mediated the generation, maintenance, and manipulation of motor-related images, which were the key processes in kinaesthetic motor imagery. Relationships in terms of shared neural substrates and mental processes between mirror-induced visual illusion and kinaesthetic motor imagery generate new evidence on the role of the latter in mirror therapy. Future studies should investigate the imagery processes in illusion training for post-stroke patients.
Synthesis, structure, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties of a binuclear Ag(I) complex with 1,4-bis(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)butane as a ligand
Authors: Xia Lixian , Zhang Geng , Xia Xinzhao , Li Yagang , Wang Jiao , Xu Jianhua , Wu Huilu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reaction of 1,4-bis(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)butane (BBO) with [Ag(CH3CN)4(ClO4)] afforded a new binuclear silver(I) complex, with composition [Ag2(BBO)2(ClO4)2], characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results show that the Ag(I) complex consists of a centrosymmetric dimetallacyclic structure assembled from two Ag(I) atoms and two bridging BBO ligands. The coordination environment of silver(I) complex can be described as distorted trigonal planar, with one oxygen atom from a perchlorate anion and two nitrogen atoms from two BBO ligands. The luminescence properties of the ligand and the Ag(I) complex were studied in the solid state. The emission peaks of the Ag(I) complex are attributed to ligand-centered transitions. There is no effect of the complexation except for a partial quenching. The cyclic voltammograms of the Ag(I) complex indicated an irreversible Ag+/Ag couple.
Selective cytotoxic activity of isolated compounds from Globimetula dinklagei and Phragmanthera capitata (Loranthaceae)
Authors: Mfotie Njoya Emmanuel , Maza Hermine L.D. , Mkounga Pierre , Koert Ulrich , Nkengfack Augustin E. , McGaw Lyndy J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the selective cytotoxicity of six natural compounds on four cancerous cells (MCF-7, HeLa, Caco-2 and A549) and two normal intestinal and lung cells (Hs1.Int and Wl-38) cells. We also attempted to analyze basically the structure–activity relationships and to understand the mechanism of action of active compounds using the Caspase-Glo® 3/7 kit. Globimetulin B (2) isolated from Globimetula dinklagei was significantly cytotoxic on cancerous cells with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 12.75 to 37.65 μM and the selectivity index (SI) values varying between 1.13 and 3.48 against both normal cells. The compound 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-28-hydroxy-α-amyrin (5) isolated from Phragmanthera capitata exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells with the IC50 of 6.88 μM and the SI of 5.20 and 8.71 against Hs1.Int and Wl-38 cells, respectively. A hydroxyl group at C-3 of compounds was suggested as playing an important role in the cytotoxic activity. The induction of caspase-3 and -7 activity represents some proof that apoptosis has occurred in treated cells. Globimetulin B (2) selectively killed cancer cells with less toxicity to non-cancerous cells as compared to conventional doxorubicin therapy.
Physical and Wear Properties of UHMWPE Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Prasad P. Rajendra , Prakash J. N. , Manjunath L. H. , Reddy P. Venkateshwar 
Published: March 2020

Usage of synthetic fiber reinforced composites has increased rapidly because of their excellent properties such that it acts as a replacement for metals in the recent days. The physical and wear properties of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric reinforced epoxy composites have been studied in this present work. Using pin-on-disc test rig, dry-sliding wear of test specimens have been tested against disc of EN31 steel material. The plain woven bi-directional 200gsm and 240gsm UHMWPE fabric reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated by hand lay-up method at room temperature. All the tests were conducted as per the Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal-array. The process parameters considered in the present study is load, sliding velocity and sliding time with three levels each. Specific wear rate is considered as the response variable. Optimization is carried out to find best combination of parameters on specific wear rate. From the results, it is evident that load has greater influence on specific wear rate than other two considered parameters. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was also carried out to examine the matrix distribution over fabric (reinforcement) and also their bonding between reinforcement and matrix.
Design and Fabrication a Lightweight Spring Made of Natural Rubber for a Motorcycle’s Shock Absorber
Authors: Mann V. , Dechwayukul C. , Thongruang W. , Srewaradachpisal S. , Kaewpradit P. , Kaew Apichai W. , Bui H-T. 
Published: March 2020

This research aims to design and fabricate a spring made of natural rubber for a lightweight motorcycle’s shock absorber. This study is carried out in four main steps. First, a stiffness property of a steel coil spring and a damping property of a commercial shock absorber were tested using an Instron® material testing machine and a test rig. Second, six different types of rubber compounds (A-1, A-2, A-3, B-1, B-2, and B-3) were formulated and the best compound was selected to use for a rubber spring. Third, the rubber spring was designed and analyzed using the finite element method to investigate the best model. Finally, a prototype of the rubber spring was fabricated and tested. The steel coil spring was replaced by the rubber spring and tested for its damping property within a real shock absorber. The results of the prototype testing showed that the weight of the rubber spring was lower than the steel coil spring about 48%. The stiffness property of the rubber spring was higher than the steel coil spring around 43% and the damping property of the shock absorber using rubber spring was higher than the damping property of the shock absorber using steel coil spring about 6%. The rubber spring provided more advantages than the steel coil spring for its good corrosion resistance, lightweight, and ease of maintenance. However, the implementation of the rubber spring in the real motorcycle and its fatigue life should be studied in the next future.
Exercise and insulin resistance in PCOS: muscle insulin signalling and fibrosis
Authors: Stepto N K , Hiam D , Gibson-Helm M , Cassar S , Harrison C L , Hutchison S K , Joham A E , Canny B J , Moreno-Asso A , Strauss B J , Hatzirodos N , Rodgers R J , Teede H J 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Mechanisms of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain ill defined, contributing to sub-optimal therapies. Recognising skeletal muscle plays a key role in glucose homeostasis we investigated early insulin signalling, its association with aberrant transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-regulated tissue fibrosis. We also explored the impact of aerobic exercise on these molecular pathways.

Methods
A secondary analysis from a cross-sectional study was undertaken in women with (n = 30) or without (n = 29) PCOS across lean and overweight BMIs. A subset of participants with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) PCOS who were overweight completed 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training. Muscle was sampled before and 30 min into a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp pre and post training.

Results
We found reduced signalling in PCOS of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Exercise training augmented but did not completely rescue this signalling defect in women with PCOS. Genes in the TGFβ signalling network were upregulated in skeletal muscle in the overweight women with PCOS but were unresponsive to exercise training except for genes encoding LOX, collagen 1 and 3.

Conclusions
We provide new insights into defects in early insulin signalling, tissue fibrosis, and hyperandrogenism in PCOS-specific insulin resistance in lean and overweight women. PCOS-specific insulin signalling defects were isolated to mTOR, while gene expression implicated TGFβ ligand regulating a fibrosis in the PCOS-obesity synergy in insulin resistance and altered responses to exercise. Interestingly, there was little evidence for hyperandrogenism as a mechanism for insulin resistance.
Evaluasi Dampak Kebijakan Mesin Parkir Elektronik di Kota Bandung
Authors: Suherman Diki 
Published: March 2020

Pemerintah Kota Bandung pada tahun 2016 memasang mesin parkir yang berjumlah 445 mesin, dipasang di 211 titik ruas jalan di Kota Bandung, sebagai inovasi di bidang transportasi untuk menunjang keberhasilan Kota Bandung sebagai smart city, untuk menciptakan layanan publik untuk transportasi dan mobilitas yang lebih baik dan menghilangkan permasalahan umum di dalam transportasi seperti macet, pelanggaran lalu lintas serta meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) melalui retribusi parkir. Namun dalam penerapannya selama ini mesin parkir tidak berjalan efektif untuk menambah pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) Kota Bandung, dari target Rp.118 miliar hanya tercapai Rp.6 miliar. Adapun tujuan penilitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana evaluasi dampk kebijakan mesin parkir elektronik di Kota Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitaitif deskriptif. penerapan mesin parkir elektronik di Kota Bandung sebagai bagian dari smart city belum terealisasi secara optimal, yang dilihat dari berbagai aspek baik dari penggunaan mesin parkir, sistem pembayaran yang masih ada yang manual, target peningkatan retribusi parkir yang jauh dari target Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kota Bandung. Adapun rekomendasi dari penelitian ini diantaranya : 1) sosialisasi yang maksimal yang tidak hanya melalui acara incidental tapi harus cintinueitas; 2) dibutuhkan rekrutmen yang baik untuk memilih sumber daya manusia yang berkompeten; 3) diperhatikan aspek-aspek lain melalui forcesting dan Planing yang baik untuk mengetahui kemungkinan masalah yang menjadi kendala tidak terjadi peningkatan retribusi daerah.