bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a machine learning algorithm to predict malignancy in thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Elliott Range Danielle D. , Dov David , Kovalsky Shahar Z. , Henao Ricardo , Carin Lawrence , Cohen Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) comprises 6 categories used for the diagnosis of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Each category has an associated risk of malignancy, which is important in the management of a thyroid nodule. More accurate predictions of malignancy may help to reduce unnecessary surgery. A machine learning algorithm (MLA) was developed to evaluate thyroid FNAB via whole slide images (WSIs) to predict malignancy.MethodsFiles were searched for all thyroidectomy specimens with preceding FNAB over 8 years. All cytologic and surgical pathology diagnoses were recorded and correlated for each nodule. One representative slide from each case was scanned to create a WSI. An MLA was designed to identify follicular cells and predict the malignancy of the final pathology. The test set comprised cases blindly reviewed by a cytopathologist who assigned a TBSRTC category. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the MLA performance.ResultsNine hundred eight FNABs met the criteria. The MLA predicted malignancy with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.0% and 90.5%, respectively. The areas under the curve for the prediction of malignancy by the cytopathologist and the MLA were 0.931 and 0.932, respectively.ConclusionsThe performance of the MLA in predicting thyroid malignancy from FNAB WSIs is comparable to the performance of an expert cytopathologist. When the MLA and electronic medical record diagnoses are combined, the performance is superior to the performance of either alone. An MLA may be used as an adjunct to FNAB to assist in refining the indeterminate categories.
Nanocellulose‐Mediated Transition of Lithium‐Rich Pseudo‐Quaternary Metal Oxide Nanoparticles into Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Nanostructures
Authors: Zehetmaier Peter M. , Zoller Florian , Beetz Michael , Plaß Maximilian A. , Häringer Sebastian , Böller Bernhard , Döblinger Markus , Bein Thomas , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report the syntheses of various compounds within the pseudo‐quaternary system of the type LiwNixCoyMnzOδ (δ≤1) (pre‐NCMs). Four different compositions of this compound were realized as ultrasmall crystalline nanoparticles of 1–4 nm diameter using low‐temperature solvothermal reaction conditions in tert‐butanol at only 170 °C. All of the pre‐NCMs crystallize in the rock‐salt structure and their lithium content is between 20% and 30% with respect to the complete metal content. By adjusting the lithium content to 105% stoichiometry in the solvothermal reaction, the pre‐NCMs can easily react to the respective Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 (NCM) nanoparticles. Furthermore, nanosized desert‐rose structured NCMs were obtained after addition of nanocellulose during the synthesis. By using the mixed metal monoxides as precursor for the NCMs, cation mixing between lithium and nickel is favored and gets more pronounced with increasing nickel content. The cation mixing effect compromises good electrochemical capacity retention, but the desert‐rose structure nevertheless enables enhanced stability at high power conditions, especially for NCM333.
Flow cytometric basophil activation tests: Staining of exteriorized basophil granule matrix by fluorescent avidin versus appearance of CD63
Authors: Ebo Didier G. , Elst Jessy , van Houdt Michel , Pintelon Isabel , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre , Horiuchi Tatsuo , Faber Margaretha A. , Hagendorens Margo M. , Mertens Christel M. , Sabato Vito 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundStaining of exteriorized basophil granule matrix by fluorescent avidin might be a reliable technique to monitor basophil degranulation. This study compares the avidin‐based technique with the upregulation of CD203c and appearance of CD63 in response to various stimuli.MethodsFourteen individuals responsive to anti‐IgE, nine healthy controls, and five birch pollen‐allergic patients, and five nonresponders were studied. Activation experiments included anti‐IgE, fMLP, interleukin‐(IL)‐3, and birch pollen allergen. Basophil activation/degranulation was analyzed by flow cytometry and microscopy using anti‐CD63, anti‐CD203c, and avidin.ResultsStimulation with anti‐IgE, fMLP, and relevant allergen results in upregulation of CD203c, CD63 appearance, and an increase in avidin binding. In response to anti‐IgE and allergen, upregulation of CD203c peaks within 10 min, CD63 and avidin binding reach a plateau after 10–20 min. CD63 staining leads to a bimodal distribution, avidin staining causes a unimodal shift with a less clear discrimination between degranulating and nondegranulating cells. In response to fMLP, upregulation of CD203c and CD63 and avidin binding are maximal after 2.5 min. Following incubation with anti‐IgE and fMLP, percentages of CD203c+ cells are higher than those of CD63+ and avidin+ cells, pointing to a dissociation between activation and degranulation. Percentages of CD63+ cells are systemically higher than those of avidin+ cells. Incubated with IL‐3 only upregulates CD203c, while no CD63 or avidin binding is observed.ConclusionsStaining of exteriorized proteoglycans by avidin is a reliable technique to quantify basophil degranulation but offers no added value when compared to traditional assays that use CD63 as a readout.
Secure communication in CloudIoT through design of a lightweight authentication and session key agreement scheme
Authors: Nikooghadam Mahdi , Amintoosi Haleh 
Published: February 2020

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) is a newly emerged paradigm where multiple embedded devices, known as things, are connected via the Internet to collect, share, and analyze data from the environment. In order to overcome the limited storage and processing capacity constraint of IoT devices, it is now possible to integrate them with cloud servers as large resource pools. Such integration, though bringing applicability of IoT in many domains, raises concerns regarding the authentication of these devices while establishing secure communications to cloud servers. Recently, Kumari et al proposed an authentication scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for IoT and cloud servers and claimed that it satisfies all security requirements and is secure against various attacks. In this paper, we first prove that the scheme of Kumari et al is susceptible to various attacks, including the replay attack and stolen‐verifier attack. We then propose a lightweight authentication protocol for secure communication of IoT embedded devices and cloud servers. The proposed scheme is proved to provide essential security requirements such as mutual authentication, device anonymity, and perfect forward secrecy and is robust against security attacks. We also formally verify the security of the proposed protocol using BAN logic and also the Scyther tool. We also evaluate the computation and communication costs of the proposed scheme and demonstrate that the proposed scheme incurs minimum computation and communication overhead, compared to related schemes, making it suitable for IoT environments with low processing and storage capacity.
Two‐sided matching framework for optimal user association in 5G multi‐RAT UDNs
Authors: Amine Mariame , Kobbane Abdellatif , Ben‐Othman Jalel , Walid Abdellaziz 
Published: February 2020

SummaryRecently, academic and industrial research communities are paying more explicit attention to the 5G multiple radio access technology ultra‐dense networks (5G multi‐RAT UDNs) for boosting network capacity, especially in UD urban zones. To this aim, in this paper, we intend to tackle the user association problem in 5G multi‐RAT UDNs. By considering the decoupled uplink/downlink access (DUDA), we divide our user association problem into two distinct subproblems representing, respectively, the uplink and the downlink channels. Next, we formulated each one as a nonlinear optimization problem with binary variables. Then, to solve them, we were restricted by the hard complexity, as well as the hard feasibility of centralized user association schemes. Thus, to resolve our user association problem in a reasonable time and distributed manner, we formulated each subproblem as a many‐to‐one matching game based on matching theory. Next, we provide two fully distributed association algorithms to compute the uplink and downlink stable matching among user equipments (UEs) and base stations (BSs). Simulation results corroborate our theoretical model and show the effectiveness and improvement of our achieved results in terms of the overall network performance, quality of service (QoS), and energy efficiency (EE) of UEs.
Cytological diagnosis of bilateral primary adrenal lymphoma with cutaneous involvement
Authors: Rakheja Garima , Handa Uma , Kaur Ravinder , Aggarwal Phiza , Palta Anshu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrimary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is an extremely rare condition. We describe here, a case of bilateral adrenal lymphoma in a 62‐year‐old man. He later developed subcutaneous masses on the hand and the leg. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology from the adrenals and the soft tissue swellings led to a diagnosis of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Histopathological examination from the lesion on the leg, confirmed the diagnosis to be B‐cell NHL. The case highlights the cytomorphological findings of this unusual case. Awareness of this entity is essential to differentiate it from other common causes of adrenal enlargement and formulate an appropriate treatment.
Infection pathology and competition mediate host biomass overcompensation from disease
Authors: Preston Daniel L. , Sauer Erin L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPredators can increase the biomass of their prey, particularly when prey life stages differ in competitive ability and predation is stage specific. Akin to predators, parasites influence host population sizes and engage in stage‐structured interactions, yet whether parasites can increase host population biomass remains relatively unexplored. Using a stage‐structured consumer–resource model and a mesocosm experiment with snails and castrating trematodes, we examined responses of host biomass to changes in infection prevalence under variation in host pathology and resource competition. Equilibrium adult host biomass increased with infection prevalence in the model when parasites castrated hosts and adults were superior competitors to juveniles. Juvenile biomass increased with infection prevalence whether parasites caused mortality or castration, but only when juveniles were superior competitors. In mesocosms, increases in infection by castrating trematodes reduced snail egg production, juvenile abundance, and adult survival. At high competition, juvenile growth and total biomass increased with infection prevalence due to competitive release. At low competition, juvenile biomass decreased with infection due to reduced reproduction. These results highlight how disease‐induced biomass overcompensation depends on infection pathology, resource availability, and competitive interactions within and between host life stages. Considering such characteristics may benefit biocontrol efforts using parasites.
Early and long‐term outcomes of decompensated heart failure patients in a tertiary‐care centre in India
Authors: Ganapathi Sanjay , Jeemon Panniyammakal , Krishnasankar Rajasekharan , Kochumoni Rajamoni , Vineeth Purushothaman , Mohanan Nair Krishna Kumar , Valaparambil Ajit Kumar , Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimLong‐term outcome data of acute decompensated heart failure (HF) are scarce from India. The aim of the study was to collect in‐hospital and long‐term outcome data of HF patients admitted during 2001–2010 in a tertiary‐care centre in South India.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients admitted with first episode of decompensated HF were part of the registry. Data regarding diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, early (in‐hospital), and late (5 and 10year) mortality outcomes were captured. During this period, 1502 patients were admitted with first episode of decompensated HF [37.7% of women, mean age of 51.1 (SD = 14.3) years]. Common causes were ischaemic heart disease (36.2%), rheumatic heart disease (34.3%), and cardiomyopathies (9.9%). HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was present in 26.9% of patients, and 33.8% had atrial arrhythmias. Diabetes, hypertension, and renal dysfunction were prevalent in 27.4%, 28.6%, and 37.4%, respectively. Median duration of hospitalization was 6 days (interquartile range: 3–10), and 247 patients (16.4%) died during index admission. The total time at risk was 6248 person years, and 1051 patients died during the study period with a median survival time of 3.7 years. Overall mortality rate was 16.8 per 100 person years (95% CI: 15.8–17.9 per 100 person years). Older age [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14, P = 0.007], anaemia (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08–1.65, P = 0.007), renal dysfunction (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20–1.59, P < 0.001), HFpEF (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.52–0.73, P < 0.001 against HFrEF), and the use of guideline‐directed therapies (GDT; beta blockers: HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.49–0.66, P < 0.0001; and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker: HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.51–0.69, P < 0.001) were important predictors of mortality. Patients with HF and mid‐range EF also benefited from GDT.ConclusionIn our cohort, ischaemic and rheumatic heart diseases were the leading contributors for HF. Anaemia, renal dysfunction, poor ejection fraction, and suboptimal prescriptions of GDT were the main predictors of long‐term mortality. Both patients with HFrEF and mid‐range EF benefited from GDT.
Lymphotoxin targeted to salivary and lacrimal glands induces tertiary lymphoid organs and cervical lymphadenopathy and reduces tear production
Authors: Truman Lucy A. , Bentley Kevin L. , Ruddle Nancy H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo investigate the role of lymphotoxin (LT) in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and in mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)‐lymphoma, we made transgenic mice (Amy1‐LTαβ) that targeted LTα and LTβ to the salivary and lacrimal glands. Amy1‐LTαβ mice developed atrophic salivary and lacrimal glands that contained tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) and had reduced tear production. Amy1‐LTαβ mice developed cervical lymphadenopathy but not MALT‐lymphoma. TLO formation in the salivary and lacrimal glands of Amy1‐LTαβ was not sufficient to induce autoimmunity as measured by autoantibody titres.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor family costimulation increases regulatory T‐cell activation and function via NF‐κB
Authors: Lubrano di Ricco Martina , Ronin Emilie , Collares Davi , Divoux Jordane , Grégoire Sylvie , Wajant Harald , Gomes Tomás , Grinberg‐Bleyer Yenkel , Baud Véronique , Marodon Gilles , Salomon Benoît L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral drugs targeting members of the TNF superfamily or TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) are widely used in medicine or are currently being tested in therapeutic trials. However, their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we explored the effects of TNFRSF co‐stimulation on murine Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) biology, as they are pivotal modulators of immune responses. We show that engagement of TNFR2, 4‐1BB, GITR, and DR3, but not OX40, increases Treg proliferation and survival. Triggering these TNFRSF in Tregs induces similar changes in gene expression patterns, suggesting that they engage common signal transduction pathways. Among them, we identified a major role of canonical NF‐κB. Importantly, TNFRSF co‐stimulation improves the ability of Tregs to suppress colitis. Our data demonstrate that stimulation of discrete TNFRSF members enhances Treg activation and function through a shared mechanism. Consequently, therapeutic effects of drugs targeting TNFRSF or their ligands may be mediated by their effect on Tregs.
The Impact of the Alkali Metal Ion on the Crystal Structure and (Mechano)luminescence of Terbium(III) Tetrakis(β‐diketonates)
Authors: Kudyakova Yulia S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Valova Marina S. , Burgart Yanina V. , Saloutin Viktor I. , Bazhin Denis N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Dr. Yulia Kudyakova, Prof. Viktor Saloutin, Dr. Denis Bazhin, and co‐workers from Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation. The cover image shows mechanoluminescence of heterobimetallic terbium‐sodium β‐diketonate illustrated as a snowboarder going down a snow slope.
Frailty as a predictor of mortality in older adults within 5 years of psychiatric admission
Authors: Benraad Carolien E. M. , Haaksma Miriam L. , Karlietis Mieke H. J. , Oude Voshaar Richard C. , Spijker Jan , Melis René J. F. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. M. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesOlder adults with psychiatric disorders have a substantially lower life expectancy than age‐matched controls. Knowledge of risk factors may lead to targeting treatment and interventions to reduce this gap in life expectancy. In this study, we investigated whether frailty independently predicts mortality in older patients following an acute admission to a geriatric psychiatry hospital.MethodsClinical cohort study with a 5‐year follow‐up of 120 older patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital between February 2009 and September 2010. On admission, we assessed frailty with a frailty index (FI). We applied Cox regression analyses with time to death as the dependent variable, to examine whether the FI was a predictor for mortality, adjusted for age, sex, level of education, multimorbidity (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics, CIRS‐G scores), functional status (Barthel Index), neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), and severity of psychiatric symptoms at admission (Clinical Global Impressions Scale of Severity).ResultsOf the 120 patients, 63 (53%) patients were frail (FI ≥ 0.25), and 59 (49%) had died within 5 years. The FI predicted mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.78 (95% CI, 1.06‐2.98) per 0.1 point increase, independent of the covariates. Co‐morbidity measured by the CIRS‐G and functional status measured by the Barthel Index were not significantly associated.ConclusionsFrailty was a strong predictor of mortality, independent of age, gender, multimorbidity, and functional status. This implies that frailty may be helpful in targeting inpatient psychiatric treatment and aftercare according to patients' life expectancy.
High throughput sequencing reveals high specificity of TNFAIP3 mutations in ocular adnexal marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Vela Visar , Juskevicius Darius , Gerlach Magdalena M. , Meyer Peter , Graber Anne , Cathomas Gieri , Dirnhofer Stefan , Tzankov Alexandar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe majority of ocular adnexal (OA) lymphomas (OAL) are extranodal marginal zone lymphomas (MZL). First high throughput sequencing (HTS) studies on OA‐MZL showed inconsistent results and the distribution of mutations in reactive lymphoid lesions of this anatomic region has not yet been sufficiently addressed.We characterized OAL and lymphoid lesions of the OA by targeted HTS. The study included 34 OA‐MZL, 11 chronic conjunctivitis, five mature small cell B‐cell lymphomas spreading to the OA, five diseases with increase of IgG4+ plasma cells, three Burkitt lymphomas (BL), three diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL), three mantle cell lymphomas, three idiopathic orbital inflammations/orbital pseudo tumors (PT), and three OA lymphoid hyperplasia.All cases were negative for Chlamydia. The mutational number was highest in BL and lowest in PT. The most commonly (and exclusively) mutated gene in OA‐MZL was TNFAIP3 (10 of 34 cases). Altogether, 20 out of 34 patients harbored mutually exclusive mutations of either TNFAIP3, BCL10, MYD88, ATM, BRAF, or NFKBIE, or nonexclusive mutations of IRF8, TNFRSF14, KLHL6, and TBL1XR1, all encoding for NK‐κB pathway compounds or regulators. Thirteen patients (38%) had, to a great part, mutually exclusive mutations of chromatin modifier‐encoding genes: KMT2D, CREBBP, BCL7A, DNMT3A, EP300, or HIST1H1E. Only four patients harbored co‐occurring mutations of genes encoding for NK‐κB compounds and chromatin modifiers. Finally, PTEN, KMT2D, PRDM1, and HIST1H2BK mutations were observable in reactive lymphoid lesions too, while such instances were devoid of NF‐κB compound mutations and/or mutations of acetyltransferase‐encoding genes.In conclusion, 80% of OA‐MZL display mutations of either NK‐κB compounds or chromatin modifiers. Lymphoid lesions of the OA bearing NF‐κB compound mutations and/or mutations of acetyltransferase‐encoding genes highly likely represent lymphomas.
Distinct Subsets of Noncoding RNAs Are Strongly Associated With BMD and Fracture, Studied in Weight-Bearing and Non–Weight-Bearing Human Bone
Authors: Gautvik Kaare M , Günther Clara-Cecilie , Prijatelj Vid , Medina-Gomez Carolina , Shevroja Enisa , Rad Leila Heidary , Yazdani Mazyar , Lindalen Einar , Valland Haldor , Gautvik Vigdis T , Olstad Ole K , Holden Marit , Rivadeneira Fernando , Utheim Tor P , Reppe Sjur 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigated mechanisms resulting in low bone mineral density (BMD) and susceptibility to fracture by comparing noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in biopsies of non–weight-bearing (NWB) iliac (n = 84) and weight bearing (WB) femoral (n = 18) postmenopausal bone across BMDs varying from normal (T-score &gt; −1.0) to osteoporotic (T-score ≤ −2.5). Global bone ncRNA concentrations were determined by PCR and microchip analyses. Association with BMD or fracture, adjusted by age and body mass index, were calculated using linear and logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis. At 10% false discovery rate (FDR), 75 iliac bone ncRNAs and 94 femoral bone ncRNAs were associated with total hip BMD. Eight of the ncRNAs were common for the two sites, but five of them (miR-484, miR-328-3p, miR-27a-5p, miR-28-3p, and miR-409-3p) correlated positively to BMD in femoral bone, but negatively in iliac bone. Of predicted pathways recognized in bone metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction and proteoglycans in cancer emerged at both sites, whereas fatty acid metabolism and focal adhesion were only identified in iliac bone. Lasso analysis and cross-validations identified sets of nine bone ncRNAs correlating strongly with adjusted total hip BMD in both femoral and iliac bone. Twenty-eight iliac ncRNAs were associated with risk of fracture (FDR &lt; 0.1). The small nucleolar RNAs, RNU44 and RNU48, have a function in stabilization of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and their association with fracture and BMD suggest that aberrant processing of rRNAs may be involved in development of osteoporosis. Cis-eQTL (expressed quantitative trait loci) analysis of the iliac bone biopsies identified two loci associated with microRNAs (miRNAs), one previously identified in a heel-BMD genomewide association study (GWAS). In this comprehensive investigation of the skeletal genetic background in postmenopausal women, we identified functional bone ncRNAs associated to fracture and BMD, representing distinct subsets in WB and NWB skeletal sites. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
All group‐based latin squares possess near transversals
Authors: Goddyn Luis , Halasz Kevin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a latin square of order n, a near transversal is a collection of n −1 cells which intersects each row, column, and symbol class at most once. A longstanding conjecture of Brualdi, Ryser, and Stein asserts that every latin square possesses a near transversal. We show that this conjecture is true for every latin square that is main class equivalent to the Cayley table of a finite group.