bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Novel Electronic Maternal Surveillance System and the Maternal Early Warning Criteria to Detect Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Klumpner Thomas T. , Kountanis Joanna A. , Meyer Sean R. , Ortwine Justin , Bauer Melissa E. , Carver Alissa , Piehl Anne Marie , Smith Roger , Mentz Graciela , Tremper Kevin K. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:
A leading cause of preventable maternal death is related to delayed response to clinical warning signs. Electronic surveillance systems may improve detection of maternal morbidity with automated notifications. This retrospective observational study evaluates the ability of an automated surveillance system and the Maternal Early Warning Criteria (MEWC) to detect severely morbid postpartum hemorrhage (sPPH) after delivery.

METHODS:
The electronic health records of adult obstetric patients of any gestational age delivering between April 1, 2017 and December 1, 2018 were queried to identify scheduled or unscheduled vaginal or cesarean deliveries. Deliveries complicated by sPPH were identified and defined by operative management of postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion of ≥4 units of packed red blood cells (pRBCs), ≥2 units of pRBCs and ≥2 units of fresh-frozen plasma, transfusion with >1 dose of furosemide, or transfer to the intensive care unit. The test characteristics of automated pages and the MEWC for identification of sPPH 24 hours after delivery were determined and compared using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). McNemar test was used to compare these estimates for both early warning systems.

RESULTS:
The average age at admission was 30.7 years (standard deviation [SD] = 5.1 years), mean gestational age 38 weeks 4 days, and cesarean delivery accounted for 30.0% of deliveries. Of 7853 deliveries, 120 (1.5%) were complicated by sPPH. The sensitivity of automated pages for sPPH within 24 hours of delivery was 60.8% (95% CI, 52.1–69.6), specificity 82.5% (95% CI, 81.7–83.4), PPV 5.1% (95% CI, 4.0–6.3), and NPV 99.3% (95% CI, 99.1–99.5). The test characteristics of the MEWC for sPPH were sensitivity 75.0% (95% CI, 67.3–82.7), specificity 66.3% (95% CI, 65.2–67.3), PPV 3.3% (95% CI, 2.7–4.0), and NPV 99.4% (95% CI, 99.2–99.6). There were 10 sPPH cases identified by automated pages, but not by the MEWC. Six of these cases were identified by a page for anemia, and 4 cases were the result of vital signs detected by the bedside monitor, but not recorded in the patient’s medical record by the bedside nurse. Therefore, the combined sensitivity of the 2 systems was 83.3% (95% CI, 75.4–89.5).

CONCLUSIONS:
The automated system identified 10 of 120 deliveries complicated by sPPH not identified by the MEWC. Using an automated alerting system in combination with a labor and delivery unit’s existing nursing-driven early warning system may improve detection of sPPH.
Exercise Training Rapidly Increases Hepatic Insulin Extraction in NAFLD
Authors: HARI ADITHYA , FEALY CIARÀN E. , AXELROD CHRISTOPHER L. , HAUS JACOB M. , FLASK CHRIS A. , MCCULLOUGH ARTHUR J. , KIRWAN JOHN P. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We aimed to determine the immediacy of exercise intervention on liver-specific metabolic processes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods
We undertook a short-term (7-d) exercise training study (60 min·d−1 treadmill walking at 80%–85% of maximal heart rate) in obese adults (N = 13, 58 ± 3 yr, 34.3 ± 1.1 kg·m−2, >5% hepatic lipid by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Insulin sensitivity index was estimated by oral glucose tolerance test using the Soonthorpun model. Hepatic insulin extraction (HIE) was calculated as the molar difference in area under the curve (AUC) for insulin and C-peptide (HIE = 1 − (AUCInsulin/AUCC-Pep)).

Results
The increases in HIE, V˙O2max, and insulin sensitivity index after the intervention were 9.8%, 9.8%, and 34%, respectively (all, P < 0.05). Basal fat oxidation increased (pre: 47 ± 6 mg·min−1 vs post: 65 ± 6 mg·min−1, P < 0.05) and carbohydrate oxidation decreased (pre: 160 ± 20 mg·min−1 vs post: 112 ± 15 mg·min−1, P < 0.05) with exercise training. After the intervention, HIE correlated positively with adiponectin (r = 0.56, P < 0.05) and negatively with TNF-α (r = −0.78, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
By increasing HIE along with peripheral insulin sensitivity, aerobic exercise training rapidly reverses some of the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, in a weight loss-independent manner. This reversal could potentially act through adipokine-related pathways.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Coelho Arnaldo Fernandes Matos , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim 
Published: February 2020

As restrições econômicas, as pressões competitivas e a busca por conhecimento estão a destruir as fronteiras que têm mantido a ciência, de certa forma, fragmentada, conferido uma supremacia a certas regiões do globo. Sob esse olhar, entende-se que a cooperação internacional torna-se um elemento crítico para dar relevância à investigação e aumentar as possibilidades de publicar em revistas indexadas em bases de reconhecida notoriedade e que integrem os diferentes rankings de publicação.
Antenatal care providers’ attitudes and beliefs towards maternal vaccination in Kenya
Authors: Chander Subhash , Gonzalez-Casanova Ines , Chaves Sandra S. , Otieno Nancy A. , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Verani Jennifer , Frew Paula , Wilson Andrew , Omer Saad B. , Malik Fauzia 
Published: February 2020

Background: Maternal immunization is known to be one of the best strategies to protect both mothers and their infants from infectious diseases. Studies have shown that healthcare providers play a critical role in implementation of maternal immunization. However, little is known about providers’ attitudes and beliefs towards vaccination that can influence their vaccine recommendations, specifically in low to middle income countries (LMIC). Methods: A self-administrated knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAB) survey was provided to 150 antenatal care providers across four different regions (Nairobi, Mombasa, Marsabit, and Siaya counties) of Kenya. The research staff visited the 150 clinics and hospitals and distributed a quantitative KAB survey. Results: Nearly all of the antenatal care providers (99%) recommended tetanus maternal vaccination. Similarly, 99% of the providers agreed that they would agree to provide additional vaccinations for pregnant women and reported that they always advise their patients to get vaccinated. Between 80 and 90% of the providers reported that religious beliefs, ethnicity, cultural background and political leaders do not affect their attitude or beliefs towards recommending vaccines. Conclusions: Considering the positive responses of healthcare providers towards vaccine acceptance and recommendation, these results highlight an opportunity to work in partnership with these providers to improve coverage of maternal vaccination and to introduce additional vaccines (such as influenza). In order to achieve this, logistical barriers that have affected the coverage of the currently recommended vaccines, should be addressed as part of this partnership.
Teamwork and Individual Productivity
Authors: Flores-Szwagrzak Karol , Treibich Rafael 
Published: February 2020

We propose a new method to disentangle individual from team productivity, CoScore. CoScore uses the varying membership and levels of success of all teams to simultaneously infer an individual’s productivity and her credit for each of her teams’ successes. Crucially, the productivities of all individuals are determined endogenously via the solution of a fixed point problem. We show that CoScore is well defined, and we provide axiomatic foundations for the inferred credit allocation. We illustrate CoScore in scientific research and sports. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Managing Supplier Social and Environmental Impacts with Voluntary Versus Mandatory Disclosure to Investors
Authors: Kalkanci Basak , Plambeck Erica L. 
Published: February 2020

A buying firm might in the future incur costs associated with a supplier’s carbon dioxide emissions, safety violations, or other social or environmental impacts. Learning about a supplier’s impacts requires costly effort, but it is necessary (and sometimes sufficient) to reduce those impacts. The capital market valuation of a buying firm reflects investors’ estimate of future costs associated with a supplier’s impacts, as well as any costs that the buying firm incurs in order to learn about and reduce a supplier’s impacts. This paper analyzes a game theoretic model in which a manager—with the objective of maximizing the capital market valuation of the buying firm—decides whether to learn about a supplier’s impacts, how much cost to incur to reduce the supplier’s impacts, and whether to disclose the supplier’s impacts to investors. The investors have rational expectations (e.g., that a manager might withhold bad news about the supplier’s impacts) and value the buying firm accordingly. The paper considers a mandate to disclose information learned about a supplier’s impacts. The paper shows that the disclosure mandate deters learning and thus, under plausible conditions, results in higher expected impacts. The disclosure mandate can result in lower expected impacts only if buying firms face moderately high future costs associated with suppliers’ impacts. In contrast, a disclosure mandate always increases a buying firm’s expected discounted profit and capital market valuation. A disclosure mandate can induce cooperation among buying firms with a shared supplier, yet result in higher expected impacts by the supplier. When a buying firm has alternative suppliers, the disclosure mandate favors commitment to a supplier to facilitate learning about that supplier’s impacts (instead of searching for a lower-impact supplier). This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Potential habitat suitability of Iraqi amphibians under climate change
Authors: Kaky Emad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Kaky E. 2020. Potential habitat suitability of Iraqi amphibians under climate change. Biodiversitas 21: 731-742. Biodiversity management and conservation planning are two techniques for reducing the rate of biodiversity loss, especially under the effect of climate change. Here 289 records of five species of amphibians from Iraq and seven environmental variables were used with MaxEnt to predict potential habitat suitability for each species under current and future conditions, using the 5th IPCC assessment (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 for the year 2050). The models suggest that annual precipitation and the mean temperature of the wettest quarter are the main factors that shape the distributions of these species. The estimated current habitat suitability was closely similar to that for 2050 under both scenarios, with a high niche overlap between them for all species. Among species, there were low niche overlaps between the frogs Bufo viridis, Hyla savignyi and Rana ridibunda, and also between the salamanders Neurergus crocatus and Neurergus microspilotus. Future sampling should focus on areas not currently covered by records to reduce bias. The results are a vital first step in long-term conservation planning for these species. Via sharing these results with decision-makers and stakeholders a crucial conservation actions need to increase Iraqi Protected Areas to avoid losing biodiversity in Iraq especially the unique populations and threaten species.
Incidence of Celiac Disease Is Increasing Over Time: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: King James A. , Jeong Jocelyn , Underwood Fox E. , Quan Joshua , Panaccione Nicola , Windsor Joseph W. , Coward Stephanie , deBruyn Jennifer , Ronksley Paul E. , Shaheen Abdel-Aziz , Quan Hude , Godley Jenny , Veldhuyzen van Zanten Sander , Lebwohl Benjamin , Ng Siew C. , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Kaplan Gilaad G. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that defines the worldwide incidence of celiac disease (CD) and examines temporal trends.

METHODS:
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for population-based studies reporting the incidence of CD in the overall population, children, or adults. No limits were placed on year or language of publication. Studies solely examining at-risk populations (e.g., patients with type 1 diabetes) were excluded. Random-effects models were performed to meta-analyze sex- and age-specific incidence in the 21st century. Temporal trend analyses assessed the average annual percent change in CD incidence over time.

RESULTS:
Of 11,189 citations, 86 eligible studies were identified for inclusion, of which 50 were deemed suitable for analyses. In the 21st century, the pooled female incidence of CD was 17.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.7, 21.1) (I2 = 99.5%) per 100,000 person-years, compared with 7.8 (95% CI: 6.3, 9.2) (I2 = 98.6%) in males. Child-specific incidence was 21.3 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 15.9, 26.7) (I2 = 99.7%) compared with 12.9 (95% CI: 7.6, 18.2) (I2 = 99.9%) in adults. Pooling average annual percent changes showed the incidence of CD to be increasing by 7.5% (95% CI: 5.8, 9.3) (I2 = 79.6%) per year over the past several decades.

DISCUSSION:
Incidence of CD is highest in females and children. Overall, the incidence has been significantly rising in the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st century throughout the Western world. Population-based studies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are needed to provide a comprehensive picture of the global incidence of CD.
Surveillance Colonoscopy in Older Stage I Colon Cancer Patients and the Association With Colon Cancer-Specific Mortality
Authors: Hines Robert B. , Jiban MD Jibanul Haque , Specogna Adrian V. , Vishnubhotla Priya , Lee Eunkyung , Troy Steven P. , Zhang Shunpu 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Guideline-issuing groups differ regarding the recommendation that patients with stage I colon cancer receive surveillance colonoscopy after cancer-directed surgery. This observational comparative effectiveness study was conducted to evaluate the association between surveillance colonoscopy and colon cancer-specific mortality in early stage patients.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database combined with Medicare claims. Surveillance colonoscopy was assessed as a time-varying exposure up to 5 years after cancer-directed surgery with the following groups: no colonoscopy, one colonoscopy, and ≥ 2 colonoscopies. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance covariates. The time-dependent Cox regression model was used to obtain inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 5- and 10-year colon cancer, other cancer, and noncancer causes of death.

RESULTS:
There were 8,783 colon cancer cases available for analysis. Overall, compared with patients who received one colonoscopy, the no colonoscopy group experienced an increased rate of 10-year colon cancer-specific mortality (HR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.31–2.04) and noncancer death (HR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.25–1.49). Receipt of ≥ 2 colonoscopies was associated with a decreased rate of 10-year colon cancer-specific death (HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.45–0.79), other cancer death (HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.53–0.88), and noncancer death (HR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.62–0.76). Five-year cause-specific HRs were similar to 10-year estimates.

DISCUSSION:
These results support efforts to ensure that stage I patients undergo surveillance colonoscopy after cancer-directed surgery to facilitate early detection of new and recurrent neoplastic lesions.
Remarks on the migration crisis as a challenge to the European Union in the twenty-first century
Authors: Sakson Andrzej 
Published: February 2020

Among the many crises tormenting the Old Continent, the course and consequences of the migration crisis that began in 2015 are particularly noteworthy. There following issues should be highlighted:
– the migration crisis manifests the internal weakness of the EU, since it has not been predicted, effectively neutralized nor managed properly;
– the migration crisis has produced a division inside the EU;
– the migration crisis has led to internal political and social crises in many EU countries;
– the migration crisis has produced far-reaching outcomes (such as increased populism and xenophobia, division of Europe into the East and the West).
ПРО ЯКІСТЬ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ НА ФАКУЛЬТЕТІ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ І СПОРТУ (на прикладі Чорноморського національного університету імені Петра Могили)
Authors: Bondarenko I. , Dziuban O. , Kurasa H. , Bondarenko О. 
Published: February 2020

Метою дослідження слугувало підвищення якості освітнього процесу на факультеті фізичного виховання та спорту в ЧНУ імені Петра Могили.
В анкетуванні (2019 р.) взяло участь 158 студентів. Визначено рейтинг провідних мотивів щодо вибору майбутньої професійної діяльності: власне бажання (33,2%), престиж професії (15,5%), можливість подальшого працевлаштування (13,7%).
Якість вищої освіти в університеті більшість студентів охарактеризували як “високу” та “дуже високу” (77,2%). Майже чверть респондентів відмітило (25,3%), що не задоволені критеріями оцінювання. Більшість студентів задоволені рівнем організації та проведення лекцій з профільних (93,1%) та непрофільних предметів (89,8%). Більшість опитаних студентів не розчарувалися у виборі щодо факультету та спеціальності (72,2%).
Опитування сприяє процесу двосторонньої взаємодії між викладачами й студентами. Розробляються заходи щодо вдосконалення робочих програм з непрофільних дисциплін.
Multimodal Strategies in Teaching Ethics with Films
Authors: Baranova Jūratė , Duoblienė Lilija 
Published: February 2020

Our contribution investigates the question of how it is possible to apply multimodal methods of education in teaching ethics with fiction films. From a more sceptical viewpoint, one could argue that this is not possible for several reasons. The article suggests some arguments for the justification of positive answer, describes the resent researches of the problem and presents some results of multimodal teaching experiment of teaching ethics with fiction films. The theoretical basis for these approaches are the pragmatic pedagogy of William James and John Dewey, and close to them – the model of teaching with films developed by William B. Russell, also the Deleuzian theory of cinema.
History and Identity according to Leïla Sebbar
Authors: Kamecka Małgorzata 
Published: February 2020

Leila Sebbar, since the beginning of her literary work, has been describing her identity experience connected with her mixed family origins: the writer’s father was Algerian and her mother French. This prevailing thread in her texts demonstrates the weight of the (re)construction of identity, frequently incoherent and delicate, in order to confirm her ethnic and cultural affinity.The author of this article is interested in problems, so close to the writer, of identity and history. The point of departure of the reflection on Sebbar’s attitude towards mother tongues of her parents is the analysis of her autobiographical novel “Je ne parle pas la langue de mon père” (2003). “We are not born with one identity, an identity is always gained, built”, maintains Sebbar and through this statement she confirms the role of the cultural baggage in the broad sense of the word, in the life of an individual coming from a culturally diversified environment. The questions of the ignorance of the Arabic language also lead the writer to define not only the picture of the individual family history but also common history, the history of the inhabitants of Algeria during the French colonization. The Seine Was Red: Paris, October 1961 (1999) is a story in which its author continues to exploit, tirelessly, the issue related to the history of its two countries: Algeria and France. For Leïla Sebbar, to return to the traumatic events of the massacre of dozens of Algerians in Paris on October 17, 1961 means to enter into incessant dialogue with the painful past. It seems that the writer’s will to confront the past is one of characteristic qualities of her works. In an original, far from stereotypical, way she tries to disclose errors and fights the oblivion and repression of uncomfortable events from history. The aim of the article is to analyze the non-stereotyped strategies that Sebbar uses to build his characters and to reflect on the modes of representations of History and identity.
Fit of the 2011 Indonesian Mortality Table to Gompertz Law and Makeham Law using Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Authors: Putra Dino Agustin , Fitriyati Nina , Mahmudi Mahmudi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research discusses the estimation of the parameters for Gompertz’s law and Makeham’s law using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. A numerical approach to estimate the parameters of Gompertz’s law is the Newton-Raphson method. In the Makeham’s law, we use the Lagrange multiplier method to solve constraints of 0.001<A<0.003, 10^(-6)<B<10^3 and 1.075<C<1.115, and Broyden as a method to estimate the parameter numerically. The estimation result shows that parameter B converges to 0.005749 and parameter C converges to 1.024738 in the Gompertz’s law. In the Makeham’s law, the estimated parameters that satisfied the constraints are A converges to 0.00300344, B converges to 0.0002716465, and C converges to 1.113395. Based on the Average Relative Error (ARE) that calculated from the estimated for px, the 2011 Indonesian Mortality Table (the 2011 TMI) for men and for women are more accurate when approached using the Gompertz’s law than the Makeham’s law. The estimated for px uses the Gompertz’s law are very close to the px at the 2011 TMI (with Absolute Percentage Errors of less than 1%) at age intervals, for men: 0 – 10 years, 10 – 20 years, 20 – 30 years, and 60 – 70 years, and for women: 0 – 10 years, 10 – 20 years, and 70 – 80 years.Keywords: parameter estimation; Newton-Raphson method; Broyden method; Lagrange Multiplier method. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas mengenai estimasi parameter hukum mortalitas Gompertz’s dan hukum mortalitas Makeham’s menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Pendekatan numerik untuk estimasi parameter hukum mortalitas Gompertz dilakukan menggunakan metode Newton-Raphson. Untuk mengatasi syarat batas 0.001<A<0.003, 10^(-6)<B<10^3 dan 1.075<C<1.115, pada estimasi parameter hukum mortalita Makeham digunakan metode pengali Lagrange dan pendekatan numerik metode Broyden. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa parameter B konvergen ke 0,005749 dan parameter C konvergen ke 1,024738 pada hukum mortalitas Gompertz. Pada hukum mortalitas Makeham’s, hasil estimasi parameter yang memenuhi syarat batas adalah nilai A konvergen ke 0,00300344, B konvergen ke 0,0002716465, dan C konvergen ke 1,113395. Berdasarkan nilai Average Relative Error (ARE) yang dihitung untuk estimasi , Tabel Mortalita Indonesia (TMI 2011) untuk pria dan untuk wanita lebih sesuai jika didekati menggunakan hukum Gompertz daripada hukum Makeham. Estimasi menggunakan pendekatan hukum Gompertz berada sangat dekat dengan nilai pada TMI 2011 (dengan Mean Absolute Percentage Error kurang dari 1%) pada interval usia, untuk pria: 0 – 10 tahun, 10 – 20 tahun, 20 – 30 tahun, dan 60 – 70 tahun, dan untuk wanita: 0 – 10 tahun, 10 – 20 tahun, dan 70 – 80 tahun.Kata kunci: estimasi parameter; metode Newton-Raphson; metode Broyden; metode Pengali Lagrange.