bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Nonlinear Behavior of Transformer Windings in Structural Degradation Detection
Authors: Hong Kaixing , Huang Xueqian , Xu Suan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the transient vibration responses of power transformer windings subjected to the mechanical and electrical impacts are studied with the aim of detecting the structural degradation of windings. The axial vibration mechanism of windings is described as a multi-degrees-of-freedom model with the Rayleigh damping formulation. Then, the nonlinear damping curves are extracted from the original vibrations by using Morlet wavelet transform. During the laboratory experiment, the model was validated on a full-size winding model, and the free vibrations from different coils were acquired when the mechanical impact was applied. Furthermore, the clamping force adjustment experiment was performed to simulate the structural degradation of windings, and the nonlinear relationship between the clamping force and the damping coefficients was investigated. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the tank vibrations collected during the de-energizing process for in-service transformers, and the results of the normal and the anomalous transformers are compared. It is concluded that the proposed method not only reveals the relationship between the transient vibration and the winding structure but also can effectively identify the winding condition.
When “evaporites” are not formed by evaporation: The role of temperature and pCO2 on saline deposits of the Eocene Green River Formation, Colorado, USA
Authors: Demicco Robert V. , Lowenstein Tim K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Halite precipitates in the Dead Sea during winter but re-dissolves above the thermocline upon summer warming, “focusing” halite deposition below the thermocline (Sirota et al., 2016, 2017, 2018). Here we develop an “evaporite focusing” model for evaporites (nahcolite + halite) preserved in a restricted area of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin of Colorado, USA. Nahcolite solubility is dependent on partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) as well as temperature (T), so these models covary with both T and pCO2. In the lake that filled the Piceance Creek Basin, halite, nahcolite or mixtures of both could have precipitated during winter cooling, depending on the CO2 content in different parts of the lake. Preservation of these minerals occurs below the thermocline (&gt;∼25 m) in deeper portions of the basin. Our modeling addresses both: (1) the restriction of evaporites in the Piceance Creek Basin to the center of the basin without recourse to later dissolution and (2) the variable mineralogy of the evaporites without recourse to changes in lake water chemistry. T from 20 to 30 °C and pCO2 between 1800 and 2800 ppm are reasonable estimates for the conditions in the Piceance Creek Basin paleolake. Other evaporites occur in the center of basins but do not extend out to the edges of the basin. Evaporite focusing caused by summer-winter T changes in the solubility of the minerals should be considered for such deposits and variable pCO2 within the evaporating brines also needs to be considered if pCO2 sensitive minerals are found.
Subduction, mantle metasomatism, and gold: A dynamic and genetic conjunction
Authors: Groves David I. , Zhang Liang , Santosh M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Global gold deposit classes are enigmatic in relation to first-order tectonic scale, leading to controversial genetic models and exploration strategies. Traditionally, hydrothermal gold deposits that formed through transport and deposition from auriferous ore fluids are grouped into specific deposit types such as porphyry, skarn, high- and low-sulfidation–type epithermal, gold-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), Carlin-type, orogenic, and iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG), and intrusion-related gold deposits (IRGDs). District-scale mineral system approaches propose interrelated groups such as porphyry Cu-Au, skarn Cu-Au-Ag, and high-sulfidation Au-Ag. In this study, the temporal evolution of subduction-related processes in convergent margins was evaluated to propose a continuum of genetic models that unify the various types of gold deposits. At the tectonic scale of mineral systems, all hydrothermal gold deposits are interrelated in that they formed progressively during the evolution of direct or indirect subduction-related processes along convergent margins. Porphyry-related systems formed initially from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids related to melting of fertile mantle to initiate calc-alkaline to high-K felsic magmatism in volcanic arcs directly related to subduction. Formation of gold-rich VMS systems was related to hydrothermal circulation driven by magmatic activity during rifting of oceanic arcs. Orogenic gold deposits formed largely through fluids derived from devolatilization of the downgoing slab and overlying sediment wedge during late transpression in the orogenic cycle. Carlin-type deposits, IRGDs, and some continental-arc porphyry systems formed during the early stages of orogenic collapse via fluids directly or indirectly related to hybrid magmatism from melting of lithosphere that was metasomatized and gold-fertilized by earlier fluid release from subduction zones near margins of continental blocks. The IOCGs were formed during postorogenic asthenosphere upwelling beneath such subduction-related metasomatized and fertilized lithospheric blocks via fluid release and explosive emplacement of volatile-rich melts. Thus, importantly, subduction is clearly recognized as the key unifying dynamic factor in gold metallogenesis, with subduction-related fluids or melts providing the critical ore components for a wide variety of gold-rich deposit types.
ICON 2019—International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: There are nine core health-related domains for tendinopathy (CORE DOMAINS): Delphi study of healthcare professionals and patients
Authors: Vicenzino Bill , de Vos Robert-Jan , Alfredson Hakan , Bahr Roald , Cook Jill L , Coombes Brooke K , Fu Siu Ngor , Gravare Silbernagel Karin , Grimaldi Alison , Lewis Jeremy S , Maffulli Nicola , Magnusson SP , Malliaras Peter , Mc Auliffe Sean , Oei Edwin H G , Purdam Craig , Rees Jonathan D , Rio Ebonie Kendra , Scott Alex , Speed Cathy , Akker-Scheek Inge van den , Weir Adam , Wolf Jennifer Moriatis , Zwerver Johannes 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe absence of any agreed-upon tendon health-related domains hampers advances in clinical tendinopathy research. This void means that researchers report a very wide range of outcome measures inconsistently. As a result, substantial synthesis/meta-analysis of tendon research findings is almost futile despite researchers publishing busily. We aimed to determine options for, and then define, core health-relateddomainsfor tendinopathy.MethodsWe conducted a Delphi study of healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients in a three-stage process. In stage 1, we extracted candidate domains from clinical trial reports and developed an online survey. Survey items took the form: ‘The ‘candidate domain’is important enough to be included as a core health-related domain of tendinopathy’; response options were: agree, disagree, or unsure. In stage 2, we administered the online survey and reported the findings. Stage 3 consisted of discussions of the findings of the survey at the ICON (International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus) meeting. We set 70% participant agreement as the level required for a domain to be considered ‘core’; similarly, 70% agreement was required for a domain to be relegated to ‘not core’ (see Results next).ResultsTwenty-eight HCP (92% of whom had >10 years of tendinopathy experience, 71% consulted >10 cases per month) and 32 patients completed the online survey. Fifteen HCP and two patients attended the consensus meeting. Of an original set of 24 candidate domains, the ICON group deemed nine domains to be core. These were: (1) patient rating of condition, (2) participation in life activities (day to day, work, sport), (3) pain on activity/loading, (4) function, (5) psychological factors, (6) physical function capacity, (7) disability, (8) quality of life and (9) pain over a specified time. Two of these (2, 6) were an amalgamation of five candidate domains. We agreed that seven other candidate domainswere notcore domains: range of motion, pain on clinician applied test, clinical examination, palpation, drop out, sensory modality pain and pain without other specification. We were undecided on the other five candidate domains of physical activity, structure, medication use, adverse effects and economic impact.ConclusionNine core domains for tendon research should guide reporting of outcomes in clinical trials. Further research should determine the best outcome measures for each specific tendinopathy (ie, core outcome sets).
Investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, two-arm, randomised controlled trial comparing intubating conditions in 25° head-up position and supine: the InSize25 study protocol
Authors: Falempin Anne-Sophie , Pereira Bruno , Binakdane Fatima , Bazin Jean-Etienne , Smirdec Margot 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionDifficult airway management during tracheal intubation can lead to severe hypoxic sequelae. Routine intubation practice is to use a strict supine position, whereas a 25° head-up or reverse Trendelenburg position increases efficacy of preoxygenation, seems more comfortable for the anaesthetist and may also provide better intubation conditions in direct laryngoscopy. The 25° head-up position could be used for the whole population rather than only for obese patients, but there is no prospective randomised controlled trial with a robust design and large number of patients comparing strict supine against 25° intubation in operating room. The objective of the InSize25 study is to test the effect of these two patient positions on intubation conditions during laryngoscopy in scheduled surgery on non-obese patients.Methods and analysisInSize25 is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, two-arm, randomised controlled trial. The InSize25 study will randomise 1000 adult patients scheduled for surgery under general anaesthesia requiring intubation with neuromuscular-blocking drugs, candidates for direct laryngoscopy. The primary outcome variable is the view obtained during the first laryngoscopy without any external manipulation assessed using percentage of glottic opening. Important secondary outcomes are: Cormack-Lehane classification, number of attempts at laryngoscopy and at tracheal intubation, use of ancillary equipment (eg, bougies, alternative laryngoscope blades, videolaryngoscope) and manoeuvres (eg, laryngeal manipulation), comfort score for the anaesthetist, episodes of postinduction hypotension or desaturation and mechanical complications of intubation.Ethics and disseminationThe trial received appropriate approval from the ‘CPP Sud-Est II’ ethical review board. Informed consent is required. If the 25° head-up position proves superior for tracheal intubation without more complications, it may become the routine-standard intubation position rather than only for use with obese patients. The final results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov identifier (NCT03339141).
Mental well-being of international migrants to Japan: a systematic review
Authors: Miller Russell , Tomita Yuri , Ong Ken Ing Cherng , Shibanuma Akira , Jimba Masamine 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundMigration is a stressful process of resettlement and acculturation that can often negatively impact the mental health of migrants. International migration to Japan, a country with dominant ethnic homogeneity, is growing steadily amid an ageing domestic population and severe labour shortages.ObjectivesTo identify the contemporary barriers to, and facilitators of, mental well-being among the migrant population in Japan.DesignSystematic reviewData sourcesPubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Ichushi and J-StageEligibility criteriaResearch articles examining the mental well-being of international migrants in Japan that were published in English or Japanese between January 2000 and September 2018 were included.Data extraction and synthesisFull texts of relevant articles were screened and references of the included studies were hand-searched for further admissible articles. Study characteristics, mental well-being facilitators and barriers, as well as policy recommendations were synthesised into categorical observations and were then thematically analysed.ResultsFifty-five studies (23 published in English), surveying a total of 8649 migrants, were identified. The most commonly studied migrant nationalities were Brazilian (36%), followed by Chinese (27%) and Filipino (8%). Thematic analysis of barriers to mental well-being among migrants chiefly identified ‘language difficulties’, ‘being female’ and ‘lack of social support’, whereas the primary facilitators were ‘social networks’ followed by ‘cultural identity’. Policy recommendations for authorities generally described more migrant support services and cross-cultural awareness among the Japanese public.ConclusionAccess to social support networks of various types appears to be an influential factor affecting the mental well-being of international migrants in Japan. More research is necessary on how to promote such connections to foster a more inclusive and multicultural Japanese society amid rapid demographic change.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018108421.
Yoga and Cardiovascular Health Trial (YACHT): a UK-based randomised mechanistic study of a yoga intervention plus usual care versus usual care alone following an acute coronary event
Authors: Tillin Therese , Tuson Claire , Sowa Barbara , Chattopadhyay Kaushik , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Roberts Ian , Ebrahim Shah , Kinra Sanjay , Hughes A , Chaturvedi Nishi 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of yoga practice on subclinical cardiovascular measures, risk factors and neuro-endocrine pathways in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following acute coronary events.Design3-month, two-arm (yoga +usual care vs usual care alone) parallel randomised mechanistic study.SettingOne general hospital and two primary care CR centres in London. Assessments were conducted at Imperial College London.Participants80 participants, aged 35–80 years (68% men, 60% South Asian) referred to CR programmes 2012–2014.InterventionA certified yoga teacher conducted yoga classes which included exercises in stretching, breathing, healing imagery and deep relaxation. It was pre-specified that at least 18 yoga classes were attended for inclusion in analysis. Participants and partners in both groups were invited to attend weekly a 6- to 12-week local standard UK National Health Service CR programme.Main outcome measures(i) Estimated left ventricular filling pressure (E/e′), (ii) distance walked, fatigue and breathlessness in a 6 min walk test, (iii) blood pressure, heart rate and estimated peak VO2following a 3 min step-test. Effects on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, autonomic function, body fat, blood lipids and glucose, stress and general health were also explored.Results25 participants in the yoga + usual care group and 35 participants in the usual care group completed the study. Following the 3-month intervention period, E/e′ was not improved by yoga (E/e′: between-group difference: yoga minus usual care:−0.40 (−1.38, 0.58). Exercise testing and secondary outcomes also showed no benefits of yoga.ConclusionsIn this small UK-based randomised mechanistic study, with 60 completing participants (of whom 25 were in the yoga + usual care group), we found no discernible improvement associated with the addition of a structured 3-month yoga intervention to usual CR care in key cardiovascular and neuroendocrine measures shown to be responsive to yoga in previous mechanistic studies.Trial registration numberNCT01597960; Pre-results.
Testing quality indicators and proposing benchmarks for physician-staffed emergency medical services: a prospective Nordic multicentre study
Authors: Haugland Helge , Olkinuora Anna , Rognås Leif , Ohlen David , Krüger Andreas 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesA consensus study from 2017 developed 15 response-specific quality indicators (QIs) for physician-staffed emergency medical services (P-EMS). The aim of this study was to test these QIs for important characteristics in a real clinical setting. These characteristics were feasibility, rankability, variability, actionability and documentation. We further aimed to propose benchmarks for future quality measurements in P-EMS.DesignIn this prospective observational study, physician-staffed helicopter emergency services registered data for the 15 QIs. The feasibility of the QIs was assessed based on the comments of the recording physicians. The other four QI characteristics were assessed by the authors. Benchmarks were proposed based on the quartiles in the dataset.SettingNordic physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical services.Participants16 physician-staffed helicopter emergency services in Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway.ResultsThe dataset consists of 5638 requests to the participating P-EMSs. There were 2814 requests resulting in completed responses with patient contact. All QIs were feasible to obtain. The variability of 14 out of 15 QIs was adequate. Rankability was adequate for all QIs. Actionability was assessed as being adequate for 10 QIs. Documentation was adequate for 14 QIs. Benchmarks for all QIs were proposed.ConclusionsAll 15 QIs seem possible to use in everyday quality measurement and improvement. However, it seems reasonable to not analyse the QI ‘Adverse Events’ with a strictly quantitative approach because of a low rate of adverse events. Rather, this QI should be used to identify adverse events so that they can be analysed as sentinel events. The actionability of the QIs ‘Able to respond immediately when alarmed’, ‘Time to arrival of P-EMS’, ‘Time to preferred destination’, ‘Provision of advanced treatment’ and ‘Significant logistical contribution’ was assessed as being poor. Benchmarks for the QIs and a total quality score are proposed for future quality measurements.
Prevalence and service assessment of cataract in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province, China: population-based study
Authors: Jiachu Danba , Jin Ling , Jiang Feng , Luo Li , Zheng Hong , Ji Duo , Yang Jing , Yongcuo Nima , Huang Wenyong , Yi Jinglin , Bright Tess , Yip Jennifer LY , Xiao Baixiang 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and blindness (BL) due to cataract and cataract surgical outcomes in remote dispersed and high-altitude Tibetan areas of China.Design and settingA cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged 50 and above in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Kandze (TAPK), China, in 2017. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness protocol was followed.ParticipantsOf 5000 eligible participants, 4764 were examined (response rate 95.3%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCataract VI was defined as lens opacity at visual acuity (VA) levels of <3/60 (Blindness (BL)), ≥3/60 and <6/60 (severe visual impairment (SVI)), ≥6/60 and <6/18 (moderate visual impairment (MVI)), ≥6/18 and <6/12 (early visual impairment (EVI)).ResultsThe estimated prevalence of cataract BL was 0.61% (95% CI 0.42 to 0.87). With best corrected VA, the estimated prevalence of SVI from cataract was 0.86% (95% CI 0.63 to 1.17); MVI was 2.39% (95% CI 2.00 to 2.87) and EVI was 5.21% (95% CI 4.61 to 5.87). Women in TAPK had a significantly higher prevalence of cataract BL (0.82%, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.15) than men (0.34%, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.70). Women had lower cataract surgical coverage (CSC) by eyes (60.8%, 95% CI 55.5 to 65.8) compared with men (70.1%; 95% CI 63.7 to 75.7). The prevalence of cataract BL was higher among Tibetan (2.28%; 95% CI 1.98 to 2.62) than Han Chinese (1.01%%; 95% CI 0.54% to 1.87%). Overall CSC by person with BL (by better eye) was 82.0% (95% CI 75.2 to 87.6). Among cataract-operated participants, 71.2% had VA equal to or better than 6/18.ConclusionsThe study detected a low prevalence of VI and BL due to cataract with high CSC in the study area compared with many other places in China. Further actions should be taken to improve cataract surgical outcome.
Advance care planning in COPD: guidance development for healthcare professionals
Authors: Meehan Elaine , Sweeney Catherine , Foley Tony , Lehane Elaine , Burgess Kelleher Art , Hally Ruth M , Shanagher Deirdre , Korn Bettina , Rabbitte Mary , Detering Karen Margaret , Cornally Nicola 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo examine current practices, attitudes and levels of confidence related to advance care planning (ACP) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among healthcare professionals working in Ireland. This will inform future clinical guidance development.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals.ResultsThere were 143 participants (109 general practitioners, 25 nurses, 7 physiotherapists and 2 consultant physicians). The majority (82%, n=117) cared for patients with COPD weekly, but only 23% (n=33) had initiated ACP with a patient with COPD over the previous 6 months. Overall, 59% (n=85) answered ≥6 of 8 general knowledge questions correctly. Participants demonstrated positive attitudes towards ACP (mean score 3.6/5.0), but confidence levels were low (2.2/4.0). Most thought ACP was appropriate for patients with severe or very severe COPD (71%, n=101%, and 91%, n=130, respectively) but were unsure or felt that it was not appropriate for those with mild–moderate COPD. However, almost all participants (97%, n=139) stated that if a patient expressed a desire to have ACP discussions, they would comply. Topics most likely to be discussed related to diagnosis and treatment options. Death and end-of-life issues were rarely discussed. The death of a family member or friend and participation in support groups were identified as new ‘triggers’ for initiating ACP.ConclusionsTargeted education to improve general knowledge and confidence levels among healthcare professionals, together with initiatives to increase public awareness of ACP so that patients themselves might be more inclined to start the discussion, may help increase the uptake of ACP for this patient group.