bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the non-obese Chinese population
Authors: Wang Jiao , Tang Yunliang , Peng Kaili , Liu Honghong , Xu Jixiong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and can be found in non-obese individuals. The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a model for predicting NAFLD in the non-obese Chinese population.
Methods

A total of 13240 NAFLD-free individuals at baseline from a 4-y longitudinal study were allocated to a training cohort (n = 8872) and a validation cohort (n = 4368). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to select significant variables, and a nomogram was developed to predict NAFLD incidence in the training cohort. Concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were applied to assess the predictive modeling of the nomogram in training and validation cohorts. Individuals were categorized into high- or low-risk groups based on median risk scores from the nomogram. Then, a decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to estimate the clinical usefulness of the nomogram in the combined training and validation cohorts.
Results

The overall incidence of NAFLD was 13%. Nine significant predictors including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), uric acid (UA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were identified and constructed for the nomogram. The C-index was 0.804 [95% CI, 0.792–0.852] and 0.802 [95% CI, 0.784–0.820] in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. In the training cohort, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for 1-y, 2-y, 3-y and 4-y risk was 0.835, 0.825, 0.816 and 0.782, respectively. Likewise, in the validation cohort, the AUC for 1-y, 2-y, 3-y and 4-y risk was 0.817, 0.820, 0.814 and 0.813. The calibration curves for NAFLD risk showed excellent accuracy in the predictive modeling of the nomogram, internally and externally. The nomogram categorized individuals into high- and low-risk groups, and the DCA displayed the clinical usefulness of the nomogram for predicting NAFLD incidence.
Conclusions

Our nomogram can predict a personalized risk of NAFLD in the non-obese Chinese population. This nomogram can serve as a simple and affordable tool for stratifying individuals at a high risk of NAFLD, and thus serve to expedite treatment of NAFLD.
Direct comparison of [18F]FDG brain images acquired from a phantom and patients using SiPM- and PMT-PET/CT
Authors: Wagatsuma Kei , Sakata Muneyuki , Ishibashi Kenji , Hirayama Akira , Kawakami Hirofumi , Miwa Kenta , Suzuki Yukihisa , Ishii Kenji 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Silicon photomultiplier-positron emission tomography (SiPM-PET) has better sensitivity, spatial resolution, and timing resolution than photomultiplier tubes (PMT)-PET. The present study aimed to clarify the advantages of SiPM-PET in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) brain imaging in a head-to-head comparison with PMT-PET in phantom and clinical studies.
Methods
Image contrast was calculated from images acquired from a Hoffman 3D brain phantom and image noise and uniformity were calculated from pooled images acquired from a pool phantom using SiPM- and PMT-PET. Sequential PMT-PET and SiPM-PET [18F]FDG images were acquired over a period of 10 min from 22 individuals. All images were separately normalized to a standard [18F]FDG PET template, then mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) and Z-score were calculated by MIMneuro and Cortex ID Suite, respectively.
Results
Image contrast, image noise, and uniformity in SiPM-PET changed 27.5%, -2.1%, and − 138.2% from PMT-PET, respectively. These physical indices of SiPM-PET satisfied the criteria for acceptable image quality published by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine of > 55%, ≤ 15% and ≤ 0.0249, respectively. The residual background count was reduced with time-of-flight algorithm especially in SiPM-PET. The SUVmean using SiPM-PET was significantly higher than PMT-PET and did not correlate with a time delay. Z-scores were also significantly higher in images acquired from SiPM-PET (except for the bilateral posterior cingulate) than PMT-PET because the peak signal that was extracted by the calculation of Z-score in Cortex ID Suite was raised.
Conclusions
The better spatial and timing resolution, and sensitivity in SiPM-PET were contributed to better image contrast, image noise, and uniformity on brain [18F]FDG images. SiPM-PET offers better quality and more accurate quantitation of brain PET images. The SUVmean and Z-score in SiPM-PET was higher than PMT-PET. [18F]FDG images acquired using SiPM-PET will help to improve diagnostic outcomes based on the statistical image analysis because the SiPM-PET was more localized the distribution of glucose metabolism on Z-score maps.
The association between breastfeeding supportive services during childbirth hospitalization and exclusive breastfeeding at discharge
Authors: Li Lingling , Zhang Yu , Li Mu , Jiang Hong , Yang Yajuan , Wu Ying , Gu Chunyi , Yu Yulian , Qian Xu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Breast milk is the ideal food to meet all nutrients needs for a baby’s healthy growth and development. The status of breastfeeding supportive services in Baby-Friendly Hospitals and their role in influencing mothers’ breastfeeding practice in Shanghai, China is less understood. The aim of this study was to explore the association between breastfeeding supportive services provided by Baby-Friendly Hospitals around childbirth and exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge.
Methods

This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in eight Baby-Friendly Hospitals in Shanghai between October 2015 and January 2017. The breastfeeding supportive services during hospitalization were assessed using a 12-question questionnaire based on the evaluation criteria of Baby-Friendly Hospitals. In total 707 mothers completed the survey.
Results

The overall exclusive breastfeeding rate among participants was 34.4% at discharge. Mothers who received more breastfeeding supportive services during hospitalization were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding at discharge compared with mothers who received less services (aOR: 3.00; 95% CI: 2.08, 4.35; p < 0.001).
Conclusion

Better breastfeeding supportive services during hospitalization was significantly associated with higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. More effective measures should be adopted to improve the breastfeeding supportive services in line with the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative’s Ten Steps to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding and better maternal and child health.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Psychological response toward COVID-19 among Nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Tadesse Degena Bahrey , Gebrewahd Gebremeskel Tukue , Demoz Gebre Teklemariam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus Disease in 2019 (COVID-19) is not only the deadly outbreak disease but also it affects the mental status of the population including the nurses. Nurses play a vital role in dealing with COVID-19 victims. Nurse’s infection control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice, and psychological response among nurses toward the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia. The hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected from March to April 2020. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire.The data were entered into Epi-data manager version 4.2 and exported to SPSS 23 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was reported to describe the demographic, mean knowledge, attitude practice, and psychological response score of nurses.Results: A total of 415 nurses were participated in this study making that 100% response rate. Of the participants 241(58.1%) were female. From the 415 nurses 307(74%), 278(67%), 299(72%%), and 354(85.3%) were had good knowledge, good infection prevention practice, a favorable attitude, and disturbed psychological response towards COVID-19 respectively.
Synergistic effect of antitumor activity of doxorubicin and bicomponent nanostructures based on aluminum oxide
Authors: Bakina O. V. , Svarovskaya N. V. , Miller A. A. , Lozhkomoev A. S. , Avgustinovich A. V. , Dobrodeev А. Yu. , Spirina L. V. , Afanasyev S. G. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. There are high-thech methods of nanoparticle production with controlled morphology and physical and chemical properties. Alumina-based mesoporous nanostructures have low toxicity and biocompatibility. FDI recommends alumina for biomedical application. Alumina inhibits the grow of cancer due to positive zeta-potential and low solubility in water. We observed the synergistic effect of joint application of doxorubicin and nanostructures. This approach reduces drug concentration and its toxicity.Purpose: to synthesize nanostructures with different surface potentials and to study toxicity of these nanostructures alone and in combination with doxorubicin.Material and Methods. The alumina-based nanostructures were obtained by the hydrolysis of nanopowder. The morphology of nanostructures was investigated by transmission electron microscopy with an integrated system of energy dispersive analysis. The phase composition of the particles was determined by x-ray diffraction. The effect of the synthesized nanostructures on the viability of cell lines was determined using the MTT test.Results. The synthesized nanostructures have a low toxicity and can be used as an adjuvant for doxorubicin.Conclusion. The combined use of doxorubicin and bicomponent nanostructures leads to an increase in the damaging effect of doxorubicin on Neuro-2a cells.
Extracting household water use event characteristics from rudimentary data
Authors: Meyer Bettina Elizabeth , Jacobs Heinz Erasmus , Ilemobade Adeshola 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Household water end-uses have been extracted from high-resolution smart water meter data in various earlier studies. However, research on end-use disaggregation from rudimentary data is limited. Rudimentary data is defined as data recorded in intervals longer than 1 min, or data recorded with resolutions larger than 0.1 L/pulse. Developing countries typically deal with rudimentary data, due to the high cost and high resource investment associated with high-resolution data. The aim of this study was to extract useful event characteristics from rudimentary data, without identifying the actual end-uses per se. A case study was conducted in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa, where 63 homes were equipped with iPERL smart water meters. The meters recorded flow measurements every 15 s at a 1 L/pulse resolution, rendering the recorded data rudimentary. A total of 1,107,547 event pulses were extracted over the 217-day study period. Although the method presented is limited in the sense that water use events cannot be identified, the method allows for disaggregation of event pulses in the presence of rudimentary data. Using this tool, it is possible to lift valuable information from rudimentary data that would subsequently benefit service providers in setting water demand strategies.
Experimental and numerical study of flood dynamics in a river-network-floodplain set-up
Authors: Mali Vijay Kisan , Veeranna B. , Parik Aditya , Kuiry Soumendra Nath 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Flood simulations demand mathematical models, which are rigorously calibrated and validated against benchmarking datasets. For this purpose, experiments are conducted in a river-network-floodplain set-up. Hypothetical stepped hydrographs are passed through the channel-network, and fluvial flooding situations are created. Flood depths are recorded at various locations and evolving flood extents are extracted by image processing. TELEMAC 2D is tested against the observed data. The most accurate scheme for flood prediction is identified through sensitivity analysis. Inclusion of the turbulence model is found to improve the accuracy in predicting dynamic flood extents. The model seems to slightly overpredict inundation extents during the rising limb of the hydrographs and underpredict during the falling limb. In addition, certain aspects of a flood such as river–floodplain interaction and junction hydraulics cannot be reproduced with high precision by the 2D model. The experimental datasets can be a valuable resource to mathematical modellers and are freely downloadable.
Protective Effects of Cocos Nucifera Oil in Paraphenylene Diamine Toxicity
Authors: Arafa El-Shaimaa A. , Buabeid Manal A. , Hassan Waseem , Murtaza Ghulam , Chohan Tahir A. , Ahmed Hammad 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a highly toxic compound used for hair-dyeing
worldwide. PPD self-poisoning had significantly increased in recent times with increased mortality rates.

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the toxic effects of PPD and the protective potential of its prospective
antidote Virgin Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera).

Methods:
PPD was identified and validated by FT-IR and UV mass spectrometer. PPD toxicity was
induced in-vivo by single intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg). Single-injection of Virgin
Coconut Oil (VCO) was administered in the presence of PPD at doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. Blood
was analyzed for renal, hepatic and cardiac biomarkers. Relevant organs were collected, weighed and
preserved for histopathological examination. Statistical analysis was carried out to note mortality rate,
survival duration and serum biochemical parameter. Molecular docking studies were performed to assess
attachment of PPD with histaminergic receptors.

Results:
PPD injection achieved 100% mortality rate with short survival span, and disturbed hepatic,
renal, and cardiac serum markers with marked histopathological changes. VCO notably decreased mortality
rate, raised treatment time window with marked adjustment in hepatic, renal, and cardiac markers.
Docking studies proved that PPD attaches robustly with histaminergic receptors.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that VCO possesses lifesaving protection against PPD toxicity and
can be a suitable antidote.
Punica granatum as a Source of Natural Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agent: A Comprehensive Review on Related Investigations
Authors: Jalali Atefeh , Kiafar Mohammadreza , Seddigh Masih , Zarshenas Mohammad M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The consumption of natural antioxidants is increasing due to the demand
and tendency to natural foods. Punica granatum L. [Punicaceae] is a fruit with various bioactive
ingredients. The effectiveness of this plant has been proved against various disorders such as hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia, blood coagulation, infections, cancer, and dentistry. Among them,
there are numerous researches on antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Subsequently, the present
study aimed to compile a review of those properties to outline this herb as a possible natural
antioxidant and preservative.

Methods:
Synchronically, keywords "Punica granatum" with antimicrobial, or antibacterial, antifungal,
antiviral, antioxidant and radical scavenging were searched through "Scopus" database up
to 31st September 2019. Papers focusing on agriculture, genetics, chemistry, and environmental
sciences were excluded, and also related papers were collected.

Results:
Among 201 papers focusing on related activities, 111 papers have dealt with antioxidant
activities focusing based on DPPH assay, 59 with antibacterial, on both gram+ and gram- bacteria,
24 with antifungal effects, mostly on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, and 7 papers with
antiviral activities. There were about 50 papers focusing on in-vivo antioxidant activities of this
plant.

Conclusion:
Taken together, botanical parts of P. granatum have possessed notable radical scavenging
and antimicrobial activities that, with these properties, this plant can be introduced as a
natural, safe source of preservative and antioxidant. Accordingly, P. granatum can be applied as
excipient with the aforementioned properties in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Current Overview of Inorganic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) Diseases
Authors: Persano Francesca , Leporatti Stefano 
Published: April 2020

:
Although the integrity of the Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) is often
compromised in several Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, the release of
therapeutic or diagnostic agents in the brain remains challenging. Indeed, most of
the currently established diagnostic and therapeutic protocols result ineffective in
treating and detecting CNS diseases. In this context, it is essential to develop novel
strategies that allow a targeted release of the therapeutic agents to the brain,
overcoming the BBB. The technological advances of the last decade have led to the
development of new techniques for nanoscale treatment and diagnosis of brain
diseases.

:
Several nano-formulations have been recently proposed and successfully tested in
preclinical models for their capacity to cross the BBB, in particular when
chemically modified with the intent to exploit specific transport processes that
normally occur at the interface between blood and endothelium of the cerebral
vasculature.

:
In this review, the tunable physico-chemical characteristics of inorganic
nanoparticles will be reviewed, and how this aspect can offer the possibility to
improve current therapeutic strategies. The local and systemic toxicity of these
nanomaterials will be also analyzed. Furthermore, we will provide an update on
recent key advancements in the design and synthesis of novel inorganic core-lipid
shell nanoparticles for the treatment of CNS disorders, and how these vectors may
overcome challenges faced by current inorganic nanomaterials.
Korelasi Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Kadar Albumin dengan Konversi Sputum Pasien Tuberkulosis
Authors: Sari Dina Keumala , Mega Juli Yosa , Harahap Juliandi 
Published: April 2020

Abstrak Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah utama kesehatan di Indonesia termasuk di Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Telah dilaporkan efikasi yang baik dari pengobatan TB di berbagai daerah, keberhasilan pengobatan TB dipengaruhi oleh banyak factor termasuk status nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan adanya hubungan indeks massa tubuh dan albumin dengan konversi sputum pasien tuberculosis, khususnya pasien tuberculosis paru positif kuman Basil Tahan Asam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di dua Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat di Kota Medan antara bulan Oktober dan Nopember 2018. Seluruh subjek penelitian sejumlah 39 pasien TB dengan positif kuman Basil Tahan Asam ikut serta. Subjek penelitian menerima pengobatan TB sesuai panduan. Indeks masa tubuh, albumin, dan sputum diukur dengan menggunakan stature meter dan timbangan digital. Proporsi subjek penelitian di bawah normal, normal dan di atas normal adalah 13 (33.3%), 21 (53.9%) and 5 (12.8%), berturut-turut. Kadar albumin termasuk kadar normal ditemukan pada 25 subjek penelitian (64.1%), dan selebihnya termasuk kategori rendah. Indeks massa tubuh normal berhubungan bermakna dengan peningkatan kadar albumin (p<0.05). setelah dua bulan pemantuan terlihat konversi sputum berhubungan bermakna dengan nilai indeks massa tubuh yang normal dan atau kadar albumin yang normal (p<0.05). Simpulan yang didapat adalah status nutrisi adalah faktor penting dalam pengobatan TB.Kata kunci: albumin, Indonesia, indeks massa tubuh, konversi sputum, tuberculosisÂ Abstract Â Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public issue in Indonesia including in North Sumatra province. Despite reported good efficacy of TB treatment in the region, the success of treatment depends on many factors including nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index and Albumin level with sputum conversion in AFB-positive pulmonary TB patients.The study was done in two primary health centres in Medan between October and November 2018. A total of 39 newly diagnosed TB patients with confirmed AFB-positve were included in the study.Participants received TB treatment according to the national guidelines. Body mass index, albumin, and sputum were measured using a stature meter and a digital scale.The proportion of participants with below normal, normal and above normal BMI status were 13 (33.3%), 21 (53.9%) and 5 (12.8%), respectively. Level of albumin was determined as normal in 25 participants (64.1%), and the remaining as low. Normal BMI status was significantly associated with increased albumin level (p<0.05). At 2 months follow-up, the sputum conversion was observed in 24 individuals (61.5%), and the conversion was significantly associated with normal BMI and/or normal albumin level (p<0.05). We concluded that nutritional status is an important factor in the success of TB treatment. Keywords: albumin, body mass index, sputum conversion, tuberculosis, Indonesia