bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB TERJADINYA PERKOSAAN INCEST
Authors: Zalzabella Desilasidea Cahya 
Published: October 2020

Aborsi merupakan salah satu isu klasik yang selalu diperdebatkan. Polarisasi dari perbedaan pandangan ini adalah pembelaan terhadap hak hidup janin atau pembelaan terhadap perempuan yang mengandung. Aborsi pada kehamilan yang tidak di inginkan sudah marak adanya. Salah satunya ialah karena perkosaan incest. Perkosaan incset merupakan tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh orang terdekat yang masih memiliki ikatan darah (ayah kepada anak, kakak kepada adik, paman kepada keponakan) sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian fisik dan mental terhadap korban. Berkaitan dengan rumusan masalah bagaimana pertanggungjawaban tindak pidana aborsi sebagai akibat perkosaan incest dan apa faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya perkosaan incest. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normative dengan sampel data berupa putusan Nomor 5/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN.Mbn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku tindak pidana aborsi akibat perkosaan incest dalam kasus yang penulis teliti dibebaskan dari segala tuntutan setelah adanya banding ke Pengadilan Tinggi. Hakim memutuskan putusan secara adil dibandingkan putusan awal karena Hakim kurang objektif dalam mengambil keputusan sehingga pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap kasus aborsi akibat perkosaan khususnya perkosaan incest. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perkosaan incest pada kasus tersebut dan kasus pidana putusan Nomor 430/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Smn yaitu karena kurangnya pendidikan atau edukasi yang diterima serta kurangnya pengawasan orang tua pada anak, juga kurangnya iman yang ditanamkan pada diri. Kata Kunci: Aborsi, Perkosaan Incest, Pertanggungjawaban Pidana
PENERAPAN E-TILANG DALAM PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Sabadina Uni 
Published: October 2020

Hasil survey Dinas Perhubungan Kota Yogyakarta peningkatan kendaraan tiap tahunnya mencapai 140 ribu hingga 150 ribu.Transportasi yang semakin banyak, pelanggaran lalu lintas pastinya tidak dapat terelakkan. Proses tilang yang selama ini telah dilakukan secara konvensional masih kurang dalam pemberlakuannya, Pihak Kepolisian melakukan inovasi baru yaitu E-Tilang. Melihat hasil dari E-Tilang hasilnya masih belum maksimal. Dengan mengacu pada rumusan masalah yang ada mengenai pelaksanaan sistem E-Tilang dalam menyelesaikan perkara tindak pidana pelanggaran lalu lintas dan penerapan sanksi melalui sistem E-Tilang. Penelitian ini penelitian hukum normatif, dimana metode yang dipakai berfungsi sebagai kacamata untuk melihat bekerjanya aspek hukum yang saat ini berlaku dengan keadaan nyata di lapangan, apakah terjadi kesenjangan antara peraturan dan pelaksanaannya. Data yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah data sekunder, dimana data yang diperoleh dari penelaahan kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah E-Tilang di wilayah hukum Polresta Yogyakarta dilakukan dengan Elektronik untuk sistem pembayarannya dendanya dengan menggunakan server yang terintegrasi oleh korlantas, pelanggar membayar denda melalui Bank tanpa harus datang ke Pengadilan, terkait sanksi akan diberikan denda sesuai dengan pelanggaran yang telah dilakukan oleh pelanggar, dalam proses penegakan perkara tindak pidana pelanggaran lalu lintas di wilayah hukum Polresta Yogyakarta telah sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku. Kata kunci : Elektronik Tilang, Lalu Lintas, dan Penegakan Hukum.
UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK SELAKU KORBAN KEJAHATAN ASUSILA DALAM PERDAGANGAN ANAK
Authors: Manggolokusumo Priegel , Widowaty Yeni 
Published: October 2020

Eksploitasi seksual komersial anak (ESKA) dalam tindak pidana perdagangan anak sampai saat ini sering terjadi dan mengkhawatirkan anak sebagai penerus masa depan bangsa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan metode analitis normatif yang mencakup penelitian terhadap asas-asas, sistematika, taraf sinkronisasi, sejarah dan perbandingan hukum. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Berdasarkan hasil analitis yang telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk perlindungan terhadap anak yang menjadi korban kejahatan asusila dalam perdagangan anak, bentuk perlindungan hukum terbagi menjadi dua yaitu; bantuan langsung (Concreto) dan bantuan tidak langsung (Abstracto). Bentuk Concreto yaitu dengan memberikan bantuan hukum, perlindungan, pendampingan serta mengupayakan perolehan kompensasi, sedangkan bantuan Abstracto yaitu dengan penerapan norma-norma dan peraturan hukum terhadap anak sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan secara berkala.
A study on effectiveness of topical steroid therapy in boys with phimosis in the age group of 5 to 10 years
Authors: Kumar S. Selva , Kumar S. Santha , Shirley S. Alph 
Published: October 2020

Background: Phimosis defined as the inability to retract the prepuce over the glans of penis is a common condition affecting boys. Objective was to study the effectiveness of topical steroid therapy (0.05% clobetasol propionate cream) in boys with phimosis in the age group of 5 to 10 years. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Surgery at Arunai Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India among 74 boys in the age group of 5 to 10 years with phimosis. The effect of twice daily application of 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream for six weeks on phimosis was studied. Results: out of the 74 boys, 25 (33.78%) were in the age group of 5 to 6 years, 20 (27.02%) in the age group of 7 to 8 years and 29 (39.19%) in the age group of 9 to 10 years. As per Kikiros et al system of grading of retraction of foreskin, majority of the boys 30 (40.54%) were grade 4, followed by grade 2 (24 boys, 32.43%), grade 3 (14 boys, 18.93%) and grade 5 (6 boys, 8.1%). Out of the 74 boys with phimosis, 53 boys (71.62%) had associated complications. After 6 weeks of topical steroid therapy, 39 (52.71%) boys showed complete response, 24 (32.43%) boys showed partial response and 11 (14.86%) boys showed no response to the treatment regimen. There was no significant correlation between age of boys and grade of phimosis with treatment response. Significant correlation was noted between history of urinary tract infection and treatment response. None of the other complications showed significant correlation with treatment response. None of the boys had any side effects to topical steroid therapy. Conclusions: Topical steroid application can be tried as an effective treatment modality in boys with phimosis in the age group of 5 to 10 years.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years attending outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital at Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kumar S. Selva , Kumar S. Santha , Shirley S. Alph 
Published: October 2020

Background: Functional constipation and obesity negatively impact children in several aspects. Objective was to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation in the age group of 6 to 12 yearsMethods: This cross-sectional study was done at the outpatient department of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Surgery at Arunai Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India among 186 children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years. Data was collected from the parents and children using a predesigned questionnaire and clinical examination done. Data collected were analyzed by suitable statistical methods. Results: Out of the 186 children with functional constipation studied, 76 (40.86%) had normal BMI, 66 (35.48%) were overweight and 44 (23.66%) were obese. Of the 66 overweight children with functional constipation, 50% are male and 50% are female. Of the 44 obese children with functional constipation, 63.64% were male and 36.36% were female. A statistically higher prevalence of overweight (63.79%) and obesity (25.87%) was observed in children with functional constipation in the age group of 11 to 12 years. There was no statistically significant correlation of gender and socioeconomic status with body mass index (BMI) in children with functional constipation. A higher prevalence of overweight (57.45%) was observed in children with functional constipation with a predominantly non vegetarian diet. 46.77% of children with functional constipation experienced encopresis. The percentage of children with encopresis was significantly higher in the obese group (88.64%) compared to overweight children (57.58%) and children with normal BMI (13.16%). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years.
Correlation of various cardiac markers in diagnosed case of acute MI
Authors: P Kamble Nagsen , S Chavan Gajanan 
Published: October 2020

The ischemic injury to the heart and its extent of damage is directly associate with the length of ischemia. For the post mortem diagnosis of MI during an autopsy poses a challenge, particularly in cases of very minute myocardial infract. Biochemical markers provide a very useful tool for the assessment of acute coronary syndrome. These are total creatinine kinase, the MB isoforms and myoglobin,as well as the troponin I(cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). The aim of the present study was to study status of cardiac markers like CPK-MB, LDH, Trop-I in diagnosed case of acute MI.In this prospective study, 35 cases of sudden death that were studied at tertiary care government hospital attached to post-mortem centre during the period from April 2017 to July2018 for the underlying pathology for the sudden death by the assessment of various biochemical markers.It was observed that out of 35 cases, CPK-MB levels were elevated in 29 cases. LDH levels were raised only in 4 cases. Troponin-I levels were raised in 33 cases. Of all the enzymes Troponin-I levels were raised in 94% cases as compared to the other two. It was observed that the sensitivity and specific for CPK-MB, LDH and Trop I were 84% and 30%, 72% and 20 %, 92% and 74% respectively.It was concluded that for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction it is important to perform serial measurement of cTnI because the first measurement may still be negative when the case presents early after the onset of symptoms.
Comparing the Lifestyle of Veteran and Non-Veteran Families in Tehran
Authors: Afshani Seyed Alireza , Hosseini-motlagh Seyed Mostajad 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Lifestyle of a community members should be investiagted, especially in the devotees and their families. The present research aimed at measuring and comparing the lifestyle status of veteran and non-veteran families in Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population included the veteran and non-veteran families in Tehran City and the sample size included 360 people. The research instruments were Lali, Abedi, and Kajbaf’s Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) (2012), and All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale (AAHLS, 2013). The data were analyzed by SPSS v.24. At the descriptive level, graphing was performed and at the inferential level, Pearson, t-test, Friedman, and analysis of variance tests were run.
Results: A significant difference was observed between the mean scores of lifestyle in two groups of Veteran and Non-Veteran in Tehran. No significant difference was found between the lifestyle scores of men and women in the Non-Veteran group as well as between the mean scores of the single and married lifestyle in the Veteran and Non-Veteran group (P<0/05). However, a significant relationship was found between health literacy and lifestyle of the veteran and non-veteran participants (p<0/05).
Conclusion: The results showed that lifestyle should be considerd as a set of observable behaviors and health literacy should be investiagted as predicting variables in promoting lifestyle in the Veteran and Non-Veteran groups.
Investigatinge the Relationship Between Obesity with Physical Activity, Feeding Behavior and Television Viewing in Students Aged 12-14 Years
Authors: Fallahzadeh Abargouei Hossein , Keyghobadi Naeimeh , Azadi Nahid , Shakeri Maryam , Alizadeh Raziyeh 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease among children and adolescents in Iran. Awareness of obesity risk factors in childhood and adolescence and their control is one of the most important public health problems. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between obesity, physical activity, food habits and television viewing among students in Yazd .
Methods: In this study, 334 students who aged between 12 to14 years old were selected by cluster sampling. Considering age and gender, underweight, normal weight, over weight and obesity were defined as BMI<5 th percentile ,5 <BMI<84.9 th percentile , 85 <BMI<84.9 and BMI ≥95th percentile respectively. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure dietary habits, fined the time that spent on television viewing and playing computer games; and "Fels Paq For Children questionnaire" was used to measure the physical activity in students. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software, Chi-square and multiple logistic regressions.
Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.7% and 21%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in boys (p = 0.006) and students whose mothers had higher education (p = 0.02). The results of logistic regression model showed that consumption fruit once and less than one in week increased the risk of overweight and obesity by 20.07 and14.76 times, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between increase hours of computer games and obesity. There was no relationship between consumption of fast food, soft drinks, cakes, biscuits, chips, puffs and watching TV with obesity and overweight.
Patients' Satisfaction with Inpatient Services in Selected Wards of Some Hospitals Affiliated to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016
Authors: Motealehi Ahmadreza , Vafaeenasab Mohamadreza , Bahariniya Sajjad , Raadabadi Mehdi , Safari Masoud 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Patient satisfaction with health care indicates the organizational performance of a hospital. The level of patient satisfaction depends on factors such as ability of the physician, observance of the patient's rights, and quality of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of patient satisfaction with the provision of inpatient services in selected wards of some hospitals affiliated to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional research. Shahid Sadoughi, Shahid Rahnemoun, Afshar, Ziaei Ardakan, and Fatemeh Al-Zahra Mehriz hospitals were selected to conduct the study. Inpatients were included in the statistical population. The total sample size with an error of 5% was estimated at 1056 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was applied to collect the study data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and frequency, mean, median, and exponential distribution tables were used to describe the findings.
Results: The initial population was estimated at 83531 people. In order to reduce the error, a higher sample size (1527 people) was considered. The highest number of patients was from Afshar Hospital (24.6%). The average level of patient satisfaction with the physician was 4.30, with the nursing services was 4.23, with the nursing assist services was 4.25, with the service staff was 4.45, and with the welfare facilities was 4.33. Patients' satisfaction with the service staff was higher than other dimensions. In total, 95.2% of patients were satisfied with the provided services.
Conclusion: The authorities are recommended to plan the necessary interventions in order to improve the quality of care provided by medical personnel and eliminate patients’ dissatisfaction with the help of hospital officials. To this end, the patient rights should be observed by all personnel.
O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA MATERNA NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE ANTE A TRADIÇÃO GRAMATICAL ESCOLAR E A ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Dos Santos Costa Lucas , De Assis Alves Araujo Marcilene 
Published: October 2020

Quando se fala da baixa proficiência linguística de alunos brasileiros, se reacendem debates antigos acerca da distância existente, ainda, entre a prática pedagógica e os novos paradigmas embasados nas novas teorias, oficializados nacionalmente. Parte desse desacerto pode ser compreendido por meio da aproximação ao conhecimento histórico da disciplina curricular Língua Portuguesa, na qual coexistem a Tradição Gramatical (TG) escolar e a Análise Linguística (AL). Em vista disso, propomos contextualizar o ensino de língua materna na contemporaneidade, diante da questão do embate entre a TG escolar e a prática de AL, por meio de estudo bibliográfico. Cada período histórico-ideológico, marcado por uma concepção de linguagem, teve a sua legitimidade e importância no tempo e contribuiu para os avanços das conquistas que, paulatinamente, vêm sendo alcançadas na renovação do ensino de português. Este trabalho possibilitou compreender a existência de aspectos da atuação docente na contemporaneidade; além das possíveis causas da permanência de velhas práticas descontextualizadas e normativistas que se revelaram ineficientes para o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa do aluno.
Application value of tissue tuberculosis antigen combined with Xpert MTB/RIF detection in differential diagnoses of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Fei Baoying , Zhou Lin , Zhang Yu , Luo Linhe , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and detection of additional Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species antigens from intestinal tissue samples in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) from Crohn’s disease (CD).Methods: Several clinical specimens of intestinal tissue obtained by either endoscopic biopsy or surgical excision were used for mycobacteriologic solid cultures ,Xpert MTB/RIF assays , immunohistochemistry, and histological examinations. Four antigens (38KDa, ESAT-6, MPT64, and Ag85 complex) of MTBC in the intestinal tissue were detected by immunohistochemical analysis.Results: The study included 42 patients with ITB and 46 with CD. Perianal lesions and longitudinal ulcers were more common in patients with CD, while caseating granuloma and annular ulcers were more common in patients with ITB. The positive rate of MTBC detected by Xpert MTB/RIF in intestinal tissues of patients with ITB was 33.33%, which was significantly higher than that in patients with CD and that detected using acid-fast staining smears. It was also higher than that detected by tissue MTBC culture, but the difference was not statistically significant.The positive MPT64 expression rate in patients with ITB was 40.48%, which was significantly higher than that observed in patients with CD. The sensitivity of parallelly combined detection of tuberculosis protein MPT64 and Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing ITB was 50.0%.Conclusions: The detection of Xpert MTB/RIF in intestinal tissue is a rapid and useful method for establishing an early diagnosis of ITB. The detection of MTBC using Xpert MTB/RIF and MPT64 antigen in intestinal tissues has a definitive value in the differential diagnosis ofITB and CD. The combination of these two methods can improve the detection sensitivity.
Circular RNA expression profiles in the development of acute chronic liver failure in hepatitis B virus-infected patients
Authors: Lian Jiangshan , Lin Feiyan , Lu Yinfeng , Hao Shaorui , Yu Jiong , Cai Huan , Zhang Xiaoli , Gu Yuqing , Yang Yida , Hu Lufeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Hundreds of millions of people worldwide suffer from chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which is thus among the most serious public health problems. CHB can lead to serious acute chronic liver failure (ACLF). Since ACLF has a very high mortality rate, prediction of ACLF risk is a critical issue in clinical practice. Methods: To investigate the development of ACLF from CHB, circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNA, was examined in healthy control (HC) subjects and CHB and ACLF patients using high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. Differentially expressed circRNAs were selected and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway analyses, circRNA-miRNA co-expression networks, and statistical analyses. Results: A total of 21,101 circRNAs were identified in HC, CHB and ACLF subjects. Compared with the HCs, 4 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated circRNAs were identified in ACLF subjects, which exhibited a consistent trend of change in the three groups. GO analysis revealed that regulation of lymphocyte activation and macrophage tolerance induction were the most important biological processes in ACLF progression. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that primary immunodeficiency and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were the most enriched terms. The circRNA-miRNA co-expression network and statistical analyses showed that circRNA_07734, circRNA_08533, and circRNA_16083 were the most important circRNAs in the process of ACLF. Conclusions: Immune dysfunction and immunodeficiency may be critical in the development of ACLF, which results in aberrant expression of circRNAs, especially circRNA_07734, circRNA_08533, and circRNA_16083.
Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance Gene-1 N86Y-Y184F-D1246Y Polymorphisms in Northern Nigeria: Implications for the continued use of artemether-lumefantrine in the region
Authors: Adamu Auwal , Jada Mahmoud Suleiman , Haruna Hauwa Mohammed Sani , Yakubu Bassa Obed , Ibrahim Mohammed Auwal , Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare , Sakura Takaya , Inaoka Daniel Ken , Kita Kiyoshi , Hirayama Kenji , Culleton Richard , Shuaibu Mohammed Nasir 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in drug-resistance associated genes is a commonly used strategy for the surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in populations of parasites. The present study was designed and performed to provide genetic epidemiological data of the prevalence of N86Y-Y184F-D1246Y SNPs in Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) in the malaria hotspot of Northern Nigeria.Methods: Plasmodium falciparum-positive blood samples on Whatman-3MM filter papers were collected from 750 symptomatic patients from four states (Kano, Kaduna, Yobe and Adamawa) in Northern Nigeria, and genotyped via BigDye (v3.1) terminator cycle sequencing for the presence of three SNPs in pfmdr1. SNPs in pfmdr1 were used to construct NYD, NYY, NFY, NFD, YYY, YYD, YFD and YFY haplotypes, and all data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's exact (FE) tests.Results: The prevalence of the pfmdr1 86Y allele was highest in Kaduna (12.50%, 𝜒² = 10.50, P = 0.02), whilst the 184F allele was highest in Kano (73.10%, 𝜒² = 13.20, P = 0.00), and the pfmdr1 1246Y allele was highest in Yobe (5.26%, 𝜒² = 9.20, P = 0.03). The NFD haplotype had the highest prevalence of 69.81% in Kano (𝜒² = 36.10, P = 0.00), followed by NYD with a prevalence of 49.00% in Adamawa, then YFD with prevalence of 11.46% in Kaduna. The YYY haplotype was not observed in any of the studied states.Conclusion: The present study shows that P. falciparum strains with potential reduced susceptibility to the lumefantrine component of AL exist in Northern Nigeria and predominate in the North-West region.