bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moonstruck: Viewing the Moon in the Ottoman World of the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Yaşa Fırat 
Published: December 2019

Time is the only phenomenon that encompasses the past, present, and future, giving vitality to all living beings. Throughout history, people have tried to understand this phenomenon by determining its cycles and dividing them into segments. In pre-modern societies, the powerlessness of people against nature made them view time and space as closely connected (time-space continuum). In traditional Ottoman society, it was thus difficult to measure time. People made calculations using lunar movements. Court astrologers observed the moon and stars, advising sultans when to hold imperial accession ceremonies, celebrate princely births and weddings, or launch ships. In larger towns, at least the prayer times could be determined with assurance: However, villagers were mostly aware only of the day, month, season, and year. Hence, the understanding of time was quite different on the higher and lower rungs of the social ladder. In this paper, I attempt to answer the following questions: To what extent is it possible to measure time by studying the phases of the moon? What were the meanings that the Ottoman ruling class attached to the moon? For what reasons did ordinary people try to document in the qadi court at what time they saw the new moon, finding witnesses and having the court scribes record their testimonies? My sources are the qadi court records of Anatolian and Crimean cities, with additional information from travelogues and chronicles.
The Relationship Between IDH1 Mutation Status and Metabolic Imaging in Nonenhancing Supratentorial Diffuse Gliomas: A 11C-MET PET Study
Authors: Kudulaiti Nijiati , Zhang Huiwei , Qiu Tianming , Lu Junfeng , Aibaidula Abudumijiti , Zhang Zhengwei , Guan Yihui , Zhuang Dongxiao 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: We evaluated the relationship between isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status and metabolic imaging in patients with nonenhancing supratentorial diffuse gliomas using 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (11C-MET PET). Materials and Methods: Between June 2012 and November 2017, we enrolled 86 (38 women and 48 men; mean age, 41.9 ± 13.1 years [range, 8-67 years]) patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial diffuse gliomas. All patients underwent preoperative 11C-MET PET. Tumor samples were obtained and immunohistochemically analyzed for IDH1 mutation status. Results: The mutant and wild-type IDH1 diffuse gliomas had significantly different mean maximum standardized uptake value values (2.73 [95% confidence interval, CI: 2.32-3.16] vs 3.85 [95% CI: 3.22-4.51], respectively; P = .004) and mean tumor-to-background ratio (1.90 [95% CI: 1.65-2.16] vs 2.59 [95% CI: 2.17-3.04], respectively; P = .007). Conclusions: 11C-methionine PET can noninvasively evaluate the IDH1 mutation status of patients with nonenhancing supratentorial diffuse gliomas.
Incidence, morbidity, and mortality of traumatic superior mesenteric artery injuries compared to other visceral arteries
Authors: Maithel Shelley , Grigorian Areg , Fujitani Roy M , Kabutey Nii-Kabu , Sheehan Brian M , Gambhir Sahil , Chen Samuel L , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: December 2019

Objectives Celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery injuries are often grouped together as major visceral artery injuries with an incidence of <1%. The mortality rates range from 38–75% for celiac artery injuries and 25–68% for superior mesenteric artery injuries. No large series have investigated the mortality rate of inferior mesenteric artery injuries. We hypothesize that from all the major visceral artery injuries, superior mesenteric artery injury leads to the highest risk of mortality in adult trauma patients. Methods The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2010–2016) was queried for patients with injury to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, or inferior mesenteric artery. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for analysis. Separate subset analyses using blunt trauma patients and penetrating trauma patients were performed. Results From 1,403,466 patients, 1730 had single visceral artery injuries with 699 (40.4%) involving the celiac artery, 889 (51.4%) involving the superior mesenteric artery, and 142 (8.2%) involving the inferior mesenteric artery. The majority of patients were male (79.2%) with a median age of 39 years old, and median injury severity score of 22. Compared to celiac artery and inferior mesenteric artery injuries, superior mesenteric artery injuries had a higher rate of severe (grade >3) abbreviated injury scale for the abdomen (57.5% vs. 42.5%, p < 0.001). The overall mortality for patients with a single visceral artery injury was 20%. Patients with superior mesenteric artery injury had higher mortality compared to those with celiac artery and inferior mesenteric artery injuries (23.7% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.001). After controlling for covariates, traumatic superior mesenteric artery injury increased risk of mortality (OR = 1.72, CI = 1.24–2.37, p < 0.01) in adult trauma patients, while celiac artery ( p = 0.59) and inferior mesenteric artery ( p = 0.31) injury did not. After stratifying by mechanism, superior mesenteric artery injury increased risk of mortality (OR = 3.65, CI = 2.01–6.45, p < 0.001) in adult trauma patients with penetrating mechanism of injury but not in those with blunt force mechanism (OR = 1.22, CI = 0.81–1.85, p = 0.34). Conclusions Compared to injuries of the celiac artery and inferior mesenteric artery, traumatic superior mesenteric artery injury is associated with a higher mortality. Moreover, while superior mesenteric artery injury does not act as an independent risk factor for mortality in adult patients with blunt force trauma, it nearly quadruples the risk of mortality in adult trauma patients with penetrating mechanism of injury. Future prospective research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate factors to improve survival following major visceral artery injury.
TROP2 overexpression in colorectal liver oligometastases is associated with poor prognosis after liver resection
Authors: Peng Jianhong , Ou Qingjian , Deng Yuxiang , Xiao Binyi , Zhang Lin , Li Jibin , Li Yin , Wan Desen , Lu Zhenhai , Fang Yujing 
Published: December 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to assess trophoblast antigen protein 2 (TROP2) expression in liver oligometastases and its prognostic value for colorectal liver oligometastasis (CLO) patients undergoing liver resection. Methods: We retrospectively selected 129 consecutive CLO patients who underwent curative liver resection between June 1999 and December 2016. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect TROP2 expression in paraffin-embedded specimens. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test, and independent prognostic factors were identified with Cox regression modeling. Results: TROP2 was expressed in 72.9% (94/129) of liver oligometastatic tissues. TROP2 expression in primary tumors and liver oligometastases was significantly positively correlated ( r = 0.758, p < 0.001). Survival analysis indicated that CLO patients with high TROP2 expression had worse 3-year RFS (44.2% versus 66.4%, p = 0.007) and 3-year OS rates (70.3% versus 85.4%, p = 0.035) than did those with low TROP2 expression. Multivariate analysis indicated that high TROP2 expression was independently associated with poor RFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.017; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.198–3.396; p = 0.023] and OS (HR = 2.090; 95% CI 1.037–4.214; p = 0.039). Gene expression profile analysis indicated that high TROP2 expression was associated with TNFα signaling via NF-κB, the inflammatory response and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusions: TROP2 overexpression was associated with an unfavorable oncologic prognosis in patients with CLO undergoing liver resection. Detecting TROP2 expression may be valuable for guiding postoperative treatment among CLO patients.
Knowledge and documentation of patient health information among traditional health practitioners in urban and peri-urban areas of eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Zhandire Tracy , Gqaleni Nceba , Ngcobo Mlungisi , Gomo Exnevia 
Published: December 2019

Background: Documentation of patient health information (PHI) is a regulatory requirement and hence a standard procedure in allopathic healthcare practice. The opposite is true for African traditional medicine (ATM) in most African countries, including South Africa, despite legal and policy frameworks that recognise and mandate the institutionalisation of ATM. Developing good practice standards for PHI documentation is an essential step in the institutionalisation of ATM. Objective: This study examined the knowledge and practices of documentation of PHI by traditional health practitioners (THPs) in Durban, eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Methods: In this quantitative cross-sectional study, snowball sampling was used to identify and recruit THPs. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather data. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to assess associations of knowledge and practice of documentation of PHI with potential predictors; age, gender, education, type of practitioner, experience, number of patients seen per day and location of the practice. Results: Of the 248 THPs who participated, 71.8% were female. Mean (SD) age was 47.4 (14.2), ranging 18–81 years. The majority (65.7%) were Izangoma (diviners). Overall, 42.9% of the THPs reported knowledge of patient medical records (PMRs). In logistic regression, only number of patients seen per day remained a significant predictor of knowledge about PMR. THPs who reported seeing 6–10 patients were five times more likely (Odds Ratio (OR): 5.164, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.270–20.996; p = 0.022) to report knowledge of PMR than those seeing <6 patients per day. Overall, 25.0% of THPs reported that they were documenting some PHI. Documentation was associated with having knowledge of PMR (OR: 29.323, 95% CI: 10.455–82.241; p < 0.0001) and being an Isangoma (OR: 3.251, 95% CI: 1.092–9.679; p = 0.02). Not knowing what (56.5%) and how (50.5%) to record were the most commonly cited reasons for not documenting. Conclusion: Knowledge of PMR is low, and the practice of documenting PHI is even lower among THPs in eThekwini. That knowledge of PMR was a strong predictor of documentation practice, and the most common reason for not documenting was lack of knowledge about what and how to document suggests that training could improve PHI documentation in traditional medicine practice.
The decision of targeted, systematic or combined biopsy in a biopsy naïve patient for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, can be made on the basis of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sarkar Debashis , Nandi Debashis , Gangoli Sameer , Hicks James , Carter Paul 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The current trend to implement multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-guided targeted biopsy (TB) as primary biopsy for the diagnosis of suspected prostate cancer and to avoid systematic biopsy (SB) is growing. However, concern remains regarding missing clinically significant (Cs) cancer on the normal mpMRI areas of the prostate. Therefore, we compared the normal and abnormal areas from mpMRI at the same prostate biopsy, using simultaneous SB and TB technique. Methods: A prospective, comparative effectiveness study included 134 patients initially referred for primary biopsy (from October 2017 to June 2018); 100 men were selected, mean age 68 years, with a median level of prostate specific antigen of 7.6, with average prostate volume of 52 cm3 (T3 disease and prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score < 3 were excluded). All underwent six cores TB (median), from an average of two lesions on mpMRI and also eight cores SB (median) from normal mpMRI areas of the prostate after informed consent. Results: The combined (SB + TB) biopsy cancer detection rate was 67%, 51% having Cs disease. For Cs cancer, 35 patients were detected by both techniques. TB missed four Cs cancer (95% confidence interval (CI), p < 0.0001). Fewer men in the TB group than in the SB group were found to have clinically insignificant (Ci) cancer (95% CI, p < 0.0001). No Cs cancer diagnosis was missed on TB from PI-RADS 5 lesion. Overall, 4% Cs cancers were missed on TB and avoided over diagnosis of 9% Ci cancer. Conclusions: Cognitive TB didn’t miss any Cs cancer from PI-RADS 5 lesion found on mpMRI. Only doing Cognitive TB on PI-RADS 5 lesion would save time, reduce workload and will be cost effective both for Urology and Pathology. PI-RADS 3 and 4 lesions on mpMRI will benefit from adding systematic samples. Level of evidence: 4 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM).
Early recurrence and the need for re-resection following Photodynamic diagnosis–assisted Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours: Multi-centre real-world experience of the UK PDD Users Group
Authors: Mariappan Paramananthan , Bunce Colin , Cresswell Jo , Shamsuddin Altaf , Crundwell Malcolm , Donat Roland , Hurle Rhidian A , Zachou Alexandra , Stewart Sarah , Hartley Louise J , Mostafid Hugh ,   for the UK PDD Users Group
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between Photodynamic Diagnosis (PDD) with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) and the rate of complete resection and disease persistence at first follow-up cystoscopy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in UK real-world practice. Methods: Audit data were pooled from six UK centres where HAL PDD was used in patients with a new NMIBC diagnosis undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) since 2008. Patients received adjunctive intra-vesical therapy and surveillance in line with European and UK guidelines, including early re-resection in high-grade NMIBC. Results: PDD-assisted TURBT was done in 837 patients with new NMIBC. The detrusor muscle was present in 69.4% of cases. At early re-TURBT in 207 high-risk patients, 13.0% had residual disease. Multifocal disease was the most significant factor in increasing the rate of residual disease (odds ratio excluding cases of CIS=4.1; 95% confidence interval 1.5–11.3). The recurrence rate at first follow-up cystoscopy (RRFFC) was 10.6% (8.9% in patients with complete initial TURBT). In the historical cohort undergoing good-quality white-light TURBT, RRFFC was 31%; 40.5% of high-risk patients had residual disease at early re-TURBT. Conclusion: HAL PDD may increase the rates of complete resection, reducing the risk of early recurrence and the need for routine re-resection in high-grade NMIBC. Level of evidence: 2b.
Early perfusion changes in multiple sclerosis patients as assessed by MRI using arterial spin labeling
Authors: de la Peña Mar Jiménez , Peña Ignacio Casanova , García Pablo García-Polo , Gavilán Miguel López , Malpica Norberto , Rubio Margarita , González Rafael Arroyo , de Vega Vicente Martínez 
Published: December 2019

Background Gadolinium-perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) identifies gray matter abnormalities in early multiple sclerosis (MS), even in the absence of structural differences. These perfusion changes could be related to the cognitive disability of these patients, especially in the working memory. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a relatively recent perfusion technique that does not require intravenous contrast, making the technique especially attractive for clinical research. Purpose To verify the perfusion alterations in early MS, even in the absence of cerebral volume changes. To introduce the ASL sequence as a suitable non-invasive method in the monitoring of these patients. Material and Methods Nineteen healthy controls and 28 patients were included. The neuropsychological test EDSS and SDMT were evaluated. Cerebral blood flow and bolus arrival time were collected from the ASL study. Cerebral volume and cortical thickness were obtained from the volumetric T1 sequence. Spearman’s correlation analyzed the correlation between EDSS and SDMT tests and perfusion data. Differences were considered significant at a level of P < 0.05. Results Reduction of the cerebral blood flow and an increase in the bolus arrival time were found in patients compared to controls. A negative correlation between EDSS and thalamus transit time, and between EDSS and cerebral blood flow in the frontal cortex, was found. Conclusion ASL perfusion might detect changes in MS patients even in absent structural volumetric changes. More longitudinal studies are needed, but perfusion parameters could be biomarkers for monitoring these patients.
The use of a non-medicated dressing for superficial-partial thickness burns in children: a case series and review
Authors: Kusu-Orkar Ter-Er , Islam Umar , Hall Benjamin , Araia Evan , Allorto Nikki 
Published: December 2019

Background: Cutimed® Sorbact® is a dressing marketed as having antimicrobial properties and easy application without the threat of antibiotic resistance and difficult accessibility. There is little evidence on the clinical outcomes of the use of Cutimed® Sorbact® in adults and currently no evidence of use of Cutimed® Sorbact® on superficial-partial thickness burn injuries in children. Objective: To summarise the clinical outcome of burn wounds in children with superficial-partial thickness burns in which Cutimed® Sorbact® was used. Method: An observational case series was conducted in Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa over the course of four weeks. Patients where included if they were aged < 10 years and had a ⩽ 15% superficial-partial burn. The primary outcome measure was time to 95% re-epithelialisation. Secondary outcome measures included wound complications, adverse healing and number of dressing changes. Results: Ten patients (five girls, five boys; age range = 11 months–8 years) were included in this case series. All participants had a type VI Fitzpatrick skin type and 80% of burns were hot water burns. Of all patients treated with Cutimed® Sorbact®, 50% healed within seven days, 70% within 14 days and 100% within 21 days. There was only one wound complication noted in this study and there was no adverse healing in any burn wounds. The mean number of dressing changes was 1.4 (range = 1–2) and length of hospital stay was in the range of 0–11 days (mean = 5.1 days). Conclusion: Cutimed® Sorbact® is a safe, useful and cost-effective dressing that should be used as an alternative for superficial-partial burns in children.
Effect of Nearly Isometric ACL Reconstruction on Graft-Tunnel Motion: A Quantitative Clinical Study
Authors: Wan Fang , Chen Tianwu , Ge Yunshen , Zhang Peng , Chen Shiyi 
Published: December 2019

Background: In anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, minimizing the graft-tunnel motion (GTM) will promote graft-to-bone healing and avoid graft loosening or tearing as well as potential bone tunnel enlargement. A nearly isometric state of the graft can be achieved by placing the tunnel properly to theoretically gain better graft-to-bone healing. However, little clinical evidence is available to quantify the relation between GTM and tunnel position. Purpose: To find the proper zones for the femoral and tibial tunnel apertures that minimize the GTM, referred to as the “nearly isometric zone,” through use of intraoperative GTM measurement and 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this study. Nearly isometric ACL reconstruction was performed, and an intra-articular GTM measuring device was designed to measure and record the amplitude of GTM while the knee was flexed from 0° to 120°. Postoperatively, the patients underwent multislice CT, and the images were used to create 3D-CT models. After tibial aperture examination, 5 patients were excluded due to the divergence of tibial aperture, and therefore 95 patients remained in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether the lateral intercondylar ridge was absent or present. The Bernard-Hertel grid coordinates ( h, t) of the femoral tunnel were then quantified. Results: The maximal GTM (mGTM) was a mean ± SD of 1.06 ± 0.66 mm (range, 0.0-3.0 mm). The mGTM in patients with a lateral intercondylar ridge was significantly lower than that in patients without a lateral intercondylar ridge (0.81 ± 0.39 vs 1.59 ± 0.73 mm, respectively; P < .0001). The average h and t were 0.227 ± 0.079 and 0.429 ± 0.770, respectively. Notably, in 1 patient, the mGTM was 0 mm whereas the coordinates ( h, t) of the femoral tunnel were 0.250 and 0.255. The overall GTM slowly increased before 90° but increased significantly after the knee was bent 105° ( P = .010). Correlation analysis showed that the t coordiinate had significant correlation with mGTM ( R = 0.581; P < .001). A gradient pattern was created to show the nearly isometric blue zone (mGTM <0.5 mm), which was found to overlap with the IDEAL (isometric, direct insertion, eccentric, anatomic, low tension-flexion pattern) position. Conclusion: A method of measuring intraoperative GTM and quantifying femoral tunnel position on postoperative 3D-CT was successfully developed. The presence of a lateral condylar ridge can significantly reduce mGTM. A nearly isometric zone was described that was consistent with the IDEAL concept.
Sexting and Self-Esteem Among Youth: Preliminary Trend for Building Cyberliteracy
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Marimuthu P , Anand Nitin , N Suma , P Thamilselvan , Thakur Pranjali Chakraborty , Singh Priya , Gupta Hemant 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Online activities have influenced the expression and indulgence in sexual behavior. Sexting has become one of the modality to express sexual behavior. The present study explored sexting in the Indian context as well as its relationship with self-esteem. Methods: 300 young adults in the age group of 17 to 20 years were assessed for sexting behaviors. Results: Studies showed that males engaged more in sexting and that there was absence of a significant difference in self-esteem and sexting. Conclusions: It has implications for screening sexting behavior among youth as well as for enhancing cyberliteracy among youth for sexting behaviors.
Integrating Cognitive Restructuring Within Psychodynamic Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Rao T. S. Sathyanarayana , Kakar Sona 
Published: December 2019

The behavior of a human being in sexual matters is often a prototype for the whole of his other modes of reaction in life. 1 Erectile dysfunction due to psychogenic cause has been a highly researched area. Psychoanalytically, it has been seen as a symptom of an underlying conflict due to early developmental experiences. The attitude of parents especially at the time of a child’s emerging sexuality is considered important in perpetuating sexual inhibition and symptom. Sexual dysfunction has been found to be closely linked to anxiety and guilt and fears of punishment. This pattern of disturbance permeates into other areas of a person’s life and may continue to perpetuate his symptoms. Negative body attitude and shame have been found closely linked to sexual dissatisfaction. In this paper, a case is discussed where a patient is undergoing psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression reported along with erectile dysfunction. Distorted cognitions related to his and the partner’s body were addressed along with both current and past conflicts related to his current symptomatology.