bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does greater income inequality cause increased work hours? New evidence from high income economies
Authors: Alexiou Constantinos , Kartiyasa Adimulya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe explore the extent to which individual's allocation of time between labour and leisure is affected by the consumption standards of the rich. Utilizing a panel data methodology and panel Granger causality tests we investigate the relationship between income inequality and work hours for a cluster of 24 high‐income OECD countries over the period 1990–2015. Four alternative measures of income inequality are considered. We find that greater income inequality is associated with longer work hours indicating stronger concern for conspicuous consumption rather than conspicuous leisure. Even though the resulting estimates lend support to the theoretical framework on consumption emulation, the generated evidence also appears to be in line with a Duesenberry's and Frank's expenditure cascading approach. The ambiguity however arising from the Granger Causality tests appears to lead – to a certain extent – to different conclusions about the direction of causality or whether a causal relationship does even exist. It is therefore imperative that caution should be exercised when interpreting the direction of the causal dimension.
Age and provenance of upland gravels in Missouri, USA, and their relationship to Early Pleistocene glaciation
Authors: Rovey Charles W. , Spoering Grant 
Published: January 2020

The age and origin of the Grover Gravel, which is preserved on stable uplands in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA, and similar gravels along the Mississippi River bluffs farther south, have been controversial for over a century. These gravels have some features consistent with a glacial origin but lack obvious erratics such as igneous rock fragments. New observations, however, show that the earliest tills within the Mississippi basin nearly lack such constituents as well, and that the Grover Gravel is a Pleistocene deposit derived from such a till. A Mississippi River terrace deposit in St. Louis County also includes typical clasts of this till and formed between 2.0–1.8 Ma, based on various dating methods. This deposit may correspond to a pulse of glacial meltwater recorded within sediment near the mouth of the Mississippi River and represent outwash from a previously unrecognized glaciation within the US midcontinent. The Mounds Gravel (or Upland Complex) is present farther south around the perimeter of the Mississippi Embayment and contains the same distinct clasts as the gravels in St. Louis County. Given that the age of the Mounds is <~3 Ma based on cosmogenic‐nuclide ratios, the southern gravel could be the same age as the gravel terrace in St. Louis County. If so, these gravels could mark a geomorphic transition to glacial‐dominated sedimentation farther south in and around the Gulf of Mexico. Regardless, all the upland gravels have insignificant amounts of zircon from provinces west of Hudson Bay. Therefore, detrital zircon provenance does not support a recent hypothesis that the Mounds (Upland Complex) was deposited by a giant Mississippi River with a drainage basin extending across broad areas west of Hudson Bay.
Functional expression and pharmacological modulation of TRPM3 in human sensory neurons
Authors: Vangeel Laura , Benoit Melissa , Miron Yannick , Miller Paul E. , De Clercq Katrien , Chaltin Patrick , Verfaillie Catherine , Vriens Joris , Voets Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Background and PurposeThe transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel TRPM3 functions as a noxious heat sensor, plays a key role in acute pain sensation and inflammatory hyperalgesia in rodents. Despite its potential as a novel analgesic drug target, little is known about the expression, function and modulation in the humans.Experimental ApproachWe studied TRPM3 in freshly isolated human dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) neurons and human stem cell‐derived sensory (hSCDS) neurons. Expression was analysed at the mRNA level using RT‐qPCR. Channel function was assessed using Fura‐2‐based calcium imaging and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings.Key ResultsTRPM3 was detected at the mRNA level in both hDRG and hSCDS neurons. The TRPM3 agonists pregnenolone sulphate (PS) and CIM0216 evoked robust intracellular Ca2+ responses in 52% of hDRG and 58% of hSCDS neurons. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in hSCDS neurons revealed pregnenolone sulphate (PS)‐ and CIM0216‐evoked currents exhibiting the characteristic current–voltage relation of TRPM3. PS‐induced calcium responses in hSCDS neurons were reversed in a dose‐dependent manner by the flavonoid isosakuranetin and by antiseizure drug primidone. Finally, the μ‐opioid receptor agonist DAMGO and the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen inhibited PS‐evoked TRPM3 responses in a subset of hSCDS neurons.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results provide the first direct evidence of functional expression of the pain receptor TRPM3 in human sensory neurons, largely mirroring the channel's properties observed in mouse sensory neurons. hSCDS neurons represent a valuable and readily accessible in vitro model to study TRPM3 regulation and pharmacology in a relevant human cellular context.
Anti‐αLβ2 antibodies reveal novel endocytotic cross‐modulatory functionality
Authors: Mancuso Riccardo V. , Casper Jens , Schmidt Albrecht G. , Krähenbühl Stephan , Weitz‐Schmidt Gabriele 
Published: January 2020

Background and PurposeAntibodies targeting cell surface receptors are considered to enable highly selective therapeutic interventions for immune disorders and cancer. Their biological profiles are found, generally, to represent the net effects of antibody–target interactions. The former therapeutic anti‐integrin αLβ2 antibody efalizumab seems to defeat this paradigm by eliciting, via mechanisms currently unknown, much broader effects than would be predicted based on its target specificity.Experimental ApproachTo elucidate the mechanisms behind these broad effects, we investigated in primary human lymphocytes in vitro the effects of anti‐αLβ2 antibodies on the expression of αLβ2 as well as unrelated α4 integrins, in comparison to Fab fragments and small‐molecule inhibitors.Key ResultsWe demonstrate that anti‐αLβ2 mAbs directly induce the internalization of α4 integrins. The endocytotic phenomenon is a direct consequence of their antibody nature. It is inhibited when monovalent Fab fragments or small‐molecule inhibitors are used. It is independent of crosslinking via anti‐Fc mAbs and of αLβ2 activation. The cross‐modulatory effect is unidirectional and not observed in a similar fashion with the α4 integrin antibody natalizumab.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe present study identifies endocytotic cross‐modulation as a hitherto unknown non‐canonical functionality of anti‐αLβ2 antibodies. This cross‐modulation has the potential to fundamentally alter an antibody's benefit risk profile, as evident with efalizumab. The newly described phenomenon may be of relevance to other therapeutic antibodies targeting cluster‐forming receptors. Thus, pharmacologists should be cognizant of this action when investigating such antibodies.
Parental perspective: Factors that played a role in facilitating or impeding the parents' understanding of their child's developmental diagnostic assessment
Authors: Pearson Tammy , Wagner Shannon , Schmidt Glen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFull parental understanding of a child's diagnosis of a developmental disability is critical to be able to ensure the best health outcome for their child. Yet factors that parents perceived as influencing their comprehension during the final diagnostic meeting have not been well identified.MethodThis study used a qualitative interpretive description approach. Seventeen parents were interviewed who received a child's developmental diagnosis from one of the clinical multidisciplinary teams located in northern British Columbia. The interviews focused on the factors that played a role in facilitating or impeding the parents' understanding of their child's diagnosis, and on the identification of factors that influenced the way in which the child's clinical recommendations were pursued.ResultsTwo overarching themes with nine subthemes emerged from parents' reported experiences of receiving their child's developmental diagnosis. The themes and subthemes included (a) clinical encounter (including the subthemes structural considerations, professional diversity and new insights, questions regarding the assessment process, and validation) and (b) manner of the delivery of the diagnosis (emotional impact, impact on parenting practices, professionalism, professional language, and quantity of information).ConclusionsParents' accounts established and clarified the positive and negative parental determinants that aided or challenged their ability to understand their child's developmental diagnosis during the final clinical interaction with the multidisciplinary team.
Expression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma: XIAP is an independent marker of impaired cause‐specific survival
Authors: Schnoell Julia , Kadletz Lorenz , Jank Bernhard J. , Oberndorfer Felicitas , Brkic Faris F. , Gurnhofer Elisabeth , Cede Julia , Seemann Rudolf , Kenner Lukas , Heiduschka Gregor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesInhibitors of apoptosis proteins are crucial to carcinogenesis since their expression results in evasion of apoptosis. Overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis has repeatedly been associated with resistance to treatment and poor prognosis in various cancers. The role of inhibitors of apoptosis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis and their potential prognostic value in adenoid cystic carcinoma.Design, setting and participantsForty‐nine patients, diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland between 1996 and 2016, were retrospectively included in this study. The expression of cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP, Birc6, Livin and Survivin was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and their association of survival and prognosis was evaluated during a median follow‐up of 6.4 years.Main outcome measureCause‐specific survival and recurrence‐free survival rates.ResultsXIAP, cIAP2, Livin and nuclear Survivin showed high expression levels in adenoid cystic carcinoma in most patients. There was no significant association of cIAP1, cIAP2, Livin, Birc6 and Survivin with outcome. However, high XIAP expression was associated with worse cause‐specific survival and worse response to radiotherapy and proved to be an independent marker in multivariable analysis.ConclusionOur data indicate that high expression of XIAP may be used as a prognosticator for poor survival and poor response to radiotherapy in adenoid cystic carcinoma patients.
Fish distributions reveal discrepancies between zonal attachment and quota allocations
Authors: Fernandes Paul G. , Fallon Niall G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe oceans’ fisheries contribute to human wellbeing by providing essential nutrients, employment, and income. Changes in fish distribution, due to climate change or stock expansion, jeopardize conservation objectives because fishers catch more than is allocated as quota. Quotas, or catch shares, should, therefore, correspond to the share of the fish stock biomass present within a country's Exclusive Economic Zone, a concept known as Zonal Attachment. Here, we assess the Zonal Attachment of transboundary fish stocks present in northern Europe, in the waters of the United Kingdom, the European Union (without the United Kingdom), and Norway. In 12 of 14 important fish stocks, estimates of Zonal Attachment to the United Kingdom were significantly higher than current quota allocations, explaining the country's substantial discard problem. With environmental change, and stock recovery under improved fisheries conservation, scientific evidence should be used not only to set catch limits, but also to re‐examine catch shares.
Cell‐free microRNAs as early predictors of graft viability during ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion of human donor livers
Authors: Matton Alix P. M. , Selten Jasmijn W. , Roest Henk P. , de Jonge Jeroen , IJzermans Jan N. M. , de Meijer Vincent E. , Porte Robert J. , van der Laan Luc J. W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCell‐free microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as early and sensitive biomarkers for tissue injury and function. This study aimed to investigate whether the release of hepatocyte‐derived microRNAs (HDmiRs) and cholangiocyte‐derived miRs (CDmiRs) correlates with hepato‐cholangiocellular injury and function during oxygenated, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) of human liver grafts.MethodsDonor livers (n = 12), declined for transplantation, were subjected to oxygenated NMP (6 hours) after a period of static cold storage (median 544 minutes (IQR 421‐674)). Perfusate and bile samples were analyzed by qRT‐PCR for HDmiR‐122 and CDmiR‐222. Spearman correlations were performed between miR levels and currently available indicators and classic markers.ResultsBoth HDmiR‐122 and CDmiR‐222 levels in perfusate at 30 minutes of NMP strongly correlated with hepatocyte injury (peak perfusate AST) and cholangiocyte injury (peak biliary LDH). In bile, only CDmiR‐222 correlated with these injury markers. For hepato‐cholangiocellular function, both miRs in perfusate correlated with total bilirubin, while HDmiR‐122 (in perfusate) and CDmiR‐222 (in bile) correlated with bicarbonate secretion. Both the relative ratio of HDmiR‐122/CDmiR‐222 and AST in perfusate at 30 minutes significantly correlated with cumulative bile production, but only the relative ratio was predictive of histopathological injury after 6 hours NMP.ConclusionEarly levels of HDmiR‐122 and CDmiR‐222, in perfusate and/or bile, are predictive of excretory functions and hepato‐cholangiocellular injury after 6 hours NMP. These miRs may represent new biomarkers for graft viability and function during machine perfusion.
Beeinträchtigung der dermatoskopischen Untersuchung durch Körperbehaarung und klinischer Nutzen eines automatisierten Haarentfernungsalgorithmus
Authors: Fink Christine , Uhlmann Lorenz , Vogt Karsten , Schneiderbauer Roland , Menzer Christian , Toberer Ferdinand , Schank Timo E. , Enk Alexander , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und StudienzieleKörperbehaarung könnte Ärzte bei der dermatoskopischen Untersuchung beeinträchtigten. Es ist daher denkbar, dass die Entwicklung eines automatisierten Haarentfernungsalgorithmus (automated‐hair‐removal‐algorithm [AuHRA]) die diagnostische Genauigkeit verbessert. Allerdings wurde bisher weder untersucht wie stark genau die Beeinträchtigung der Ärzte durch Körperbehaarung ist, noch wie groß der Nutzen von AuHRA ist. Ziel dieser Studie ist, die Beeinträchtigung durch Körperbehaarung bei der dermatoskopischen Untersuchung zu analysieren und das Ausmaß der Verbesserung der Sichtbarkeit von dermatoskopischen Strukturen nach der Anwendung der AuHRA‐Software bei digitalen Bildern von haarbedeckten Nävi zu evaluieren.Patienten und MethodikIn dieser Studie beurteilten sechs Dermatologen insgesamt 59 Bildersets, die dermatoskopische Aufnahmen von benignen Nävi beinhalteten. Jedes Set umfasste jeweils drei Aufnahmen desselben Nävus (unrasiert / mechanisch rasiert / virtuell rasiert mittels AuHRA). Die Aufnahmen wurden im Hinblick auf den Grad der Verbesserung durch Haarentfernung beurteilt.ErgebnisseIm Vergleich zu unrasierten Läsionen bewerteten die Dermatologen die mechanisch rasierten Läsionen als am besten beurteilbar (+1.36, p < 0,001), gefolgt von den virtuell rasierten Läsionen (+0.79, p < 0,001). Die Mehrheit der Dermatologen beurteilte die Anwendung von AuHRA als hilfreich und bestätigte die medizinische Notwendigkeit.SchlussfolgerungenEine erhebliche Beeinträchtigung der dermatoskopischen Untersuchung durch Körperbehaarung wurde in dieser Studie bestätigt. Ein klinischer Nutzen der virtuellen Rasur durch AuRHA im Vergleich zu unrasierten oder mechanisch rasierten Läsionen konnte gezeigt werden.
Spektrum der Ichthyosen in einer österreichischen Ichthyosekohorte von 2004–2007
Authors: Seidl‐Philipp Magdalena , Schatz Ulrich A. , Gasslitter Irina , Moosbrugger‐Martinz Verena , Blunder Stefan , Schossig Anna S. , Zschocke Johannes , Schmuth Matthias , Gruber Robert 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIchthyosen sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Krankheiten, deren klinische Klassifizierung schwierig ist. Hier wird die Ichthyosekohorte eines Expertisezentrums für Genodermatosen im Detail beschrieben.Patienten und MethodikEingeschlossen wurden Patienten mit klinisch oder genetisch bestätigter Ichthyose, die zwischen 2004 und 2017 untersucht und in einer Datenbank aufgenommen wurden. Krankheitsbeginn, Phänotyp, Histologie, Komorbiditäten und Familienanamnese wurden detailliert beschrieben. Bei den genetisch getesteten Patienten wurden Jahr und Methode der genetischen Testung protokolliert und die Prävalenz der unterschiedlichen Autosomal‐rezessive‐kongenitale Ichthyose (ARCI)‐Gene und ‐Phänotypen, die Prävalenz der syndromalen Ichthyosen und die Genotyp‐Phänotyp‐Korrelationen analysiert.Ergebnisse und MethodikVon den insgesamt 198 eingeschlossenen Patienten wurden 151 genetisch getestet. 81 Patienten hatten eine Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), 43 eine X‐chromosomale Ichthyose (XLI), 38 eine ARCI, 9 eine keratinopathische Ichthyose (KPI) und ein Patient eine Exfoliative Ichthyose. 26 Patienten litten an einer syndromalen Ichthyose. Im Vergleich zu den syndromalen Ichthyosen wurde bei den häufigen Ichthyosen (IV, XLI) und KPI eine gute Phänotyp‐Genotyp‐Korrelation beobachtet. In 91 % der ARCI‐Patienten konnte die exakte Diagnose durch genetische Testung gestellt werden. Lediglich bei 33 % der Patienten mit syndromaler Ichthyose bestand vor der genetischen Testung ein Verdacht auf die tatsächliche Diagnose. In 86 % der Fälle wurde eine kausale Mutation nachgewiesen.SchlussfolgerungenDie Arbeit beschreibt das Spektrum der Ichthyosen an einem Expertisezentrum und zeigt, dass für diese Gruppe die genetische Testung von Genodermatosen ein diagnostischer Standard werden sollte.
ICF mobility and self‐care goals of children in inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Rast Fabian M , Labruyère Rob 
Published: January 2020

AimTo develop a detailed priority list of family‐centred rehabilitation goals on the activity level within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) chapters d4 ‘Mobility’ and d5 ‘Self‐care’ in a paediatric population with a broad range of health conditions.MethodTwenty‐two months after implementing a systematic, family‐centred, goal‐setting process, the rehabilitation goals of 212 inpatients were retrospectively allocated to the most detailed level of ICF categories by two independent researchers. The overall frequencies of these goals were calculated and stratified by health condition, functional independence, and age.ResultsNinety‐three females and 119 males were included in the study (mean age 10y 9mo, SD 4y 5mo, range 2y 1mo–21y 5mo). The five most frequent rehabilitation goals were ICF codes d4500 ‘Walking short distances’ (11%), d4200 ‘Transferring oneself while sitting’ (9%), d5400 ‘Putting on clothes’ (7%), d451 ‘Going up and down stairs’ (6%), and d4153 ‘Maintaining a sitting position’ (5%). These top goals varied in the subgroups with regard to the underlying health condition, functional independence, and age.InterpretationThe findings of this study are not generalizable due to the large heterogeneity in priorities. However, they can be used to incorporate families' needs into future research designs and the development of new technologies.What this paper adds

Walking short distances is the most frequent mobility/self‐care goal of paediatric rehabilitation.

The top goals depend on health condition, functional independence, and age.

Priorities vary considerably between children undergoing rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation goals need to be assessed individually for each child.
Effectiveness of herbal medicines for weight loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Maunder Alison , Bessell Erica , Lauche Romy , Adams Jon , Sainsbury Amanda , Fuller Nicholas R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo update the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of complementary medicines to assist in weight loss by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis of herbal medicines for weight loss.MethodsFour electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched from inception until August 2018. A total of 54 randomized placebo‐controlled trials of healthy overweight or obese adults were identified. Meta‐analyses were conducted for herbal medicines with ≥4 studies available. Weight differences of ≥2.5 kg were considered clinically significant.ResultsAs a single agent, only Phaseolus vulgaris resulted in a statistically significant weight loss compared to placebo, although this was not considered clinically significant. No effect was seen for Camellia sinensis or Garcinia cambogia. Statistically, but not clinically, significant differences were observed for combination preparations containing C. sinensis, P. vulgaris or Ephedra sinica. Of the herbal medicines trialled in ≤3 randomized controlled trials, statistically and clinically significant weight loss compared to placebo was reported for Irvingia gabonensis, Cissus quadrangularis, and Sphaeranthus indicus combined with Garcinia mangostana, among others, but these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small number of studies, generally poor methodological quality, and poor reporting of the herbal medicine interventions. Most herbal medicines appeared safe for consumption over the short duration of the studies (commonly ≤12 weeks). Some warrant further investigation to determine effect size, dosage and long‐term safety.ConclusionThere is currently insufficient evidence to recommend any of the herbal medicines for weight loss included in the present review.
Liraglutide as add‐on to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: LIRA‐ADD2SGLT2i, a 26‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Blonde Lawrence , Belousova Lidia , Fainberg Udi , Garcia‐Hernandez Pedro A. , Jain Sunil M. , Kaltoft Margit S. , Mosenzon Ofri , Nafach Jalal , Palle Mads Sundby , Rea Rosangela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of liraglutide or placebo added on to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) ± metformin on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes on a stable SGLT2i dose ± metformin (with HbA1c 7.0%–9.5% and body mass index [BMI] ≥ 20 kg/m2) were randomized 2:1 to add‐on liraglutide 1.8 mg/day or placebo in this parallel, double‐blind, multinational trial. Primary and confirmatory secondary endpoints were changes in HbA1c and body weight from baseline to week 26, respectively. The proportions of patients achieving HbA1c (<7.0%) targets and safety events after week 26 were also assessed.ResultsOf 303 patients randomized (one in error), 280 completed treatment. Mean changes in HbA1c from baseline to week 26 with liraglutide (n = 202) and placebo (n = 100) were − 0.98% and − 0.30%, respectively (estimated treatment difference [ETD]: −0.68% [95% CI: −0.89, −0.48]; P < 0.001). Mean body weight changes from baseline were − 2.81 versus −1.99 kg, respectively (ETD: −0.82 kg [95% CI: −1.73, 0.09]; P = 0.077); 51.8% of liraglutide‐treated patients achieved HbA1c < 7.0% versus 23.2% receiving placebo (odds ratio: 5.1 [95% CI: 2.67, 9.87]; P < 0.001). More patients treated with liraglutide reported ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse events (66.3%) versus placebo (47.0%).ConclusionsLiraglutide significantly improved glycaemic control compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes, insufficiently controlled with SGLT2is with/without metformin, with no unexpected safety findings.