bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A complete overview of the PhD theses within the field of medicine and health science in Norway in 2018 by using the Health Research Classification System (HRCS)
Authors: Kvalem Helen E , Søreide Frode Hovland , Sarpebakken Bo , Hetland Dyveke L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The two-dimensional Health Research Classification System (HRCS) describes health research by the type of research undertaken (Research Activity, RA) and by the health issue or disease addressed (Health Category, HC). This is the first time HRCS has been used to classify PhD theses. Material and methods: All 485 PhD theses within medicine and health in Norway from 2018 were coded with HRCS. Results: Cancer and Neoplasms (12.1%), Cardiovascular (10.7%), Mental Health (10.5%) and Generic Health Relevance (9.8%) were the largest Health Categories whereas Aetiology (32.1%), Evaluation of Treatment (19.7%) and Detection and Diagnosis (13.3%) were the largest Research Activity categories. Interpretation: There is not a perfect overlap in HRCS profiles between the new PhDs in 2018 and the projects awarded from the main research funding organisations in Norway1. In terms of Research Activities, the disparity between HRCS coded PhDs and HRCS-coded research projects is greatest for RAs: Aetiology (higher for PhDs) and Prevention (lower). While some major health challenges in Norway in DALYs like Cancer and Neoplasms, Mental Health and Cardiovascular are accordingly addressed in the PhDs 2018, the Health Categories Musculoskeletal, Respiratory and Injuries and Accidents are not.
Firing activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons decreases in necdin-deficient mice, an animal model of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Wu Rui-Ni , Hung Wei-Chen , Chen Ching-Tsuey , Tsai Li-Ping , Lai Wen-Sung , Min Ming-Yuan , Wong Shi-Bing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple respiratory, cognitive, endocrine, and behavioral symptoms, such as central apnea, intellectual disabilities, exaggerated stress responses, and temper tantrums. The locus coeruleus noradrenergic system (LC-NE) modulates a diverse range of behaviors, including arousal, learning, pain modulation, and stress-induced negative affective states, which are possibly correlated with the pathogenesis of PWS phenotypes. Therefore, we evaluated the LC-NE neuronal activity of necdin-deficient mice, an animal model of PWS. Methods Heterozygous necdin-deficient mice (B6.Cg-Ndn tm1ky ) were bred from wild-type (WT) females to generate WT (+m/+p) and heterozygotes (+m/−p) animals, which were examined of LC-NE neuronal activity, developmental reflexes and plethysmography. Results On slice electrophysiology, LC-NE neurons of Ndn tm1ky mice with necdin deficiency showed significantly decreased spontaneous activities and impaired excitability, which was mediated by enhanced A-type voltage-dependent potassium currents. Ndn tm1ky mice also exhibited the neonatal phenotypes of PWS, such as hypotonia and blunt respiratory responses to hypercapnia. Conclusions LC-NE neuronal firing activity decreased in necdin-deficient mice, suggesting that LC, the primary source of norepinephrine in the central nervous system, is possibly involved in PWS pathogenesis.
Framing and Self-Responsibility Modulate Brain Activities in Decision Escalation
Authors: Liang Ting-Peng , Li Yuwen , Yen Nai-Shing , Turel Ofir , Hsu Sen-Mou 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Escalation of commitment is a common bias in human decision making. The present study examined (1) differences in neural recruitment for escalation and de-escalation decisions of prior investments, and (2) how the activation of these brain networks are modulated by two contextual/confounding factors: (i) responsibility, and (ii) framing of the success probabilities. Results: Imaging data were obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) applied to 29 participants. The findings showed that (1) escalation decisions are faster than de-escalation decisions, (2) the corresponding network of brain regions recruited for escalation (anterior cingulate cortex, insula and precuneus) decisions differs from this recruited for de-escalation decisions (inferior and superior frontal gyri), (3) the switch from escalation to de-escalation is primarily frontal gyri dependent, and (4) activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula and precuneus were further increased in escalation decisions, when the outcome probabilities of the follow-up investment were positively framed; and activation in the inferior and superior frontal gyri in de-escalation decisions were increased when the outcome probabilities were negatively framed. Conclusions: Escalation and de-escalation decisions recruit different brain regions. Framing of possible outcome as positive or negative activates different brain mechanisms.
Barriers and facilitators for colorectal cancer screening in a low-income urban community in Mexico City
Authors: Unger-Saldaña Karla , Saldaña-Tellez Minerva , Potter Michael B. , Loon Katherine Van , Allen-Leigh Betania , Lajous Martin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing in many middle- and lower-income countries, possibly due to a combination of changing lifestyles and improved healthcare infrastructure that facilitates diagnosis. Unfortunately, a large proportion of cases may be diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor outcomes. Decreasing trends in higher income countries are likely due to improved early detection combined with best practices in CRC treatment and management. More data on implementation of better quality CRC screening programs are needed for contexts where incidence is increasing. Therefore, we sought to identify potential barriers and facilitators for future implementation of fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based CRC screening in a public healthcare system in a middle-income country with increasing CRC incidence and mortality.Methods. Qualitative study including semi-structured individual and focus group interviews with different stakeholders of colorectal cancer screening: 30 average-risk lay people, 13 health care personnel from a local public clinic, and 7 endoscopy unit personnel from a cancer referral hospital. All interviews were transcribed verbatim for analysis. Data was analyzed using the constant comparison method, under the theoretical perspectives of the Social Ecological Model (SEM), the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, and the Health Belief Model. Results. We found multiple barriers and facilitators for implementation of a FIT-based CRC screening program at different levels of the SEM. The main barriers in each of the SEM levels, were: 1) at the social context level: poverty, health literacy and lay beliefs related to gender, cancer, allopathic medicine, and religion; 2) at the health services organization level: the lack of CRC knowledge among health care personnel and the community perception of poor quality of health care; 3) at the individual level: a lack of CRC awareness and therefore lack of risk perception, together with fear of participating in screening activities and finding out about a serious disease. The main facilitators perceived by the participants were CRC screening information and the free provision of screening tests.Conclusions. This study’s findings suggest the need for a multi-level CRC screening program that includes complementary strategies aimed at reducing perceived barriers and enhancing facilitators, starting with: 1) free provision of screening tests, 2) education of primary health care personnel, and 3) promotion of non fear-based CRC screening awareness among the target population, taking into account their lay beliefs.
Sympathetic Ophthalmia Two Weeks After 23-Gauge Vitrectomy
Authors: Khatib Bahaeddin El , Hacopian Alexander , Patel Menka S. , Dalal Monica , Sen H. Nida , Patronas Marena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sympathetic Ophthalmia (SO) is a rare disease that presents as a bilateral, diffuse, granulomatous panuveitis. Sympathetic Ophthalmia is a clinical diagnosis with history of penetrating ocular injury in the inciting eye and presence of panuveitis in the sympathizing eye. Though early enucleation is believed to minimize the risk, there have been reports of SO even after enucleation of inciting eyes. The possible association between vitrectomy and SO has been initially proposed by Gass [9] and later studied extensively in a large cohort in the UK with an estimated SO risk of 1 in 799 vitrectomies [11]. There have been several case series and reports of SO following vitrectomy, however only three documented cases of SO following vitrectomy without use of silicone oil. These cases demonstrated an onset of SO ranging between 4 weeks to 2 months. We present a patient with SO in the sympathizing eye presenting 16 days after an uncomplicated 23-gauge (23G) sutureless pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without the use of silicone oil.
Circulating metabolites from the choline pathway and acute coronary syndromes in a Chinese case-control study
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Tian Qianqian , Si Jing , Sun Zhonghan , Shali Shalaimaiti , Xu Lili , Ren Daoyuan , Chang Shufu , Dong Xin , Zhao Hongxia , Zheng Yan , Ge Junbo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence shows that circulating levels of trimethylamine N-oxide, which is generated from the metabolism of dietary choline, may predict cardiovascular disease among Caucasians. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), one common presentation of cardiovascular disease, is a spectrum of signs and symptoms due to acute decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries. The relationship between the metabolites from choline pathway and ACS remains unclear. We aimed to assess the associations of circulating metabolites from the choline pathway with ACS among a Chinese population, who consumes a different dietary pattern than their Western counterparts. Methods We recruited 501 participants who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital,Shanghai China between March 2017 and June 2018, including 254 ACS cases and 247 controls. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure circulating concentrations of metabolites in the choline pathway, including betaine, choline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide. A composite metabolite score using a weighted sum of these four metabolites, and the betaine/choline ratio were calculated. Multivariable logistic regressions were applied to estimate the association of metabolites with ACS, with adjustment of age, sex, body mass index, smoking index, history of diseases, and kidney function. Results After adjusting for traditional risk factors, per 1-standard deviation (SD) increment in choline was positively associated with the odds of ACS [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.78(1.45-2.21)], and the other metabolites were not associated with ACS at a statistical significance level. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of the metabolite score, those in the highest quartile had higher odds of ACS [OR (95% CI), 2.24 (1.36-3.71), p <0.001 for trend]. Per 1-SD increment in metabolite score was positively associated with higher odds of ACS [OR (95% CI), 1.76 (1.44-2.17)], and per 1-SD increment in the betaine/choline ratio was inversely associated with the odds of ACS [OR (95% CI), 0.49 (0.39-0.60)]. Conclusions Among our Chinese participants, trimethylamine N-oxide was not associated with ACS, while a composite metabolite score of metabolites from the choline pathway was associated with increased odds of ACS. The choline pathway metabolites may be related to the pathophysiology of ACS among Chinese.
Coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaonan , Zhao Yiqiao , Tao Zijia , Wang Kefeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Although in vitro and in vivo experiments have suggested that coffee may exert inhibitory effects on prostate carcinogenesis, epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent results on the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies to assess the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk. PubMed and Embase were searched for eligible studies up to Jan 2020. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using fixed or random effects models depending on whether significant heterogeneity was detected. Results Fifteen prospective cohort studies, with 50,200 cases of prostate cancer and 949,752 total cohort members, were included in the meta-analysis. A statistically significant inverse association was detected between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.98; I 2= 53.2%) for the highest coffee consumption compared with lowest consumption. The association exhibited a linear trend ( P =0.006 for linear trend), and the pooled RR was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.982, 0.997) for an increase of 1 cup of coffee per day. The pooled RRs were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.09) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.08) for localized, advanced and fatal prostate cancer, respectively. No publication bias was detected. Conclusions Our findings provide more evidence that increased coffee consumption is associated with lower prostate cancer risk. It implies that men might be encouraged to increase the coffee intake to lower their risk of prostate cancer.
Diagnostic value of PET/CT with 11C-methionine (MET) and 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) in newly diagnosed glioma based on the 2016 WHO classification
Authors: Ogawa Tomoya , Kawai Nobuyuki , Miyake Keisuke , Shinomiya Aya , Yamamoto Yuka , Nishiyama Yoshihiro , Tamiya Takashi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The molecular features of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and chromosome 1p and 19q (1p/19q) codeletion status have pivotal role for differentiating gliomas and have been integrated in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2006. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) has been shown to evaluate tumour grade and proliferative activity more accurately than L-methyl-11C-methionine (MET) in glioma patients. Herein, we compared tracer uptakes of MET-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT for differentiating glioma according to the 2016 WHO classification especially in relation to IDH1 mutation status.Methods In total, 81 patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial glioma were enrolled in this study. They underwent PET/CT studies with MET and FLT before surgery. The molecular features and histopathological diagnosis based on the 2016 WHO classification were determined using surgical specimens. The ratios of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumours to the mean SUV of the contralateral cortex (T/N ratios) were calculated on MET-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT images. Results The mean T/N ratios of MET-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT in IDH1-wildtype tumours were significantly higher than those in IDH1-mutant tumours (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis for differentiating IDH1 mutation status showed that the area under the curve of the FLT T/N ratio was significantly larger than that of the MET T/N ratio (P<0.01). The mean T/N ratio of FLT-PET/CT in IDH1-wildtype tumours was significantly higher than that in IDH1-mutant tumours among grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ gliomas (P=0.005), but this was not the case for MET-PET/CT. Both MET-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT were able to distinguish between grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ gliomas in IDH1-mutant tumours (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively), but only FLT-PET/CT was able to distinguish between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ gliomas in IDH1-wildtype tumours (P=0.029).Conclusion This study showed that FLT-PET/CT can be used to determine the IDH1 mutation status and evaluate glioma grade more accurately than MET-PET/CT. The characteristics of FLT-PET/CT can overcome the weakness of MET-PET/CT for differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 WHO classification.
Validity and diagnostic performance of Fluorescence Optical Imaging measuring synovitis in hand osteoarthritis. Baseline results from the Nor-Hand cohort.
Authors: Maugesten Øystein , Mathiessen Alexander , Hammer Hilde Berner , Hestetun Sigrid , Kvien Tore Kristian , Uhlig Till , Ohrndorf Sarah , Haugen Ida Kristin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: Fluorescence Optical Imaging (FOI) demonstrates enhanced microcirculation in finger joints as a sign of inflammation. We wanted to assess the validity and diagnostic performance of FOI measuring synovitis in persons with hand OA, comparing it with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- and ultrasound-detected synovitis.Methods: 221 participants with hand OA underwent FOI, contrast-enhanced MRI and ultrasound (grey scale synovitis and power-Doppler activity) examinations of the hands. Fifteen joints in each hand were scored on semi-quantitative scales (grade 0-3) for all modalities. Four FOI images were evaluated: one composite image (Prima Vista Mode; PVM) and three images representing phases of fluorescent dye distribution. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated between sum scores of FOI, MRI and ultrasound. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for FOI using MRI or ultrasound as reference.Results: FOI did not demonstrate enhancement in the first carpometacarpal joint, which was excluded from further analyses. FOI sum scores showed poor to fair correlations with MRI (rho 0.01-0.24) and GS synovitis sum scores (rho 0.12-0.25). None of the FOI images demonstrated both good sensitivity and specificity, and the AUC ranged from 0.50-0.61 and 0.51-0.63 with MRI and GS synovitis as reference, respectively. FOI demonstrated similar diagnostic performance with PD activity and GS synovitis as reference.Conclusion: To conclude, FOI enhancement correlated poorly with synovitis assessed by more established imaging modalities, questioning the value of FOI for the evaluation of synovitis in hand OA.
Trends in the utilization of youth primary healthcare services for psychological distress
Authors: Potrebny Thomas , Wiium Nora , Haugstvedt Anne , Sollesnes Ragnhild , Wold Bente , Thuen Frode 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Psychological distress among young people is increasing in Northern Europe. According to established healthcare utilization theory, this will create a greater need for youth primary healthcare and subsequently lead to more help-seeking behavior by distressed young people. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of youth primary healthcare services and psychological distress in times of increasing mental health problems and increased service need. Methods This study consisted of five waves of repeated annual cross-sectional data collected from young people (aged 13-19) living in Norway between 2014 and 2018 ( n = 368,579). Population-weighted and design-adjusted generalized linear regression with a log-link was used to examine the use of youth primary healthcare services over time.Results We found that a large proportion of young people use primary healthcare services and that young people with high levels of psychological distress use primary healthcare services twice as much as their peers with low levels of psychological distress. In addition, between 2014 and 2018 both psychological distress and primary healthcare service utilization increased: psychological distress increased by 5% and total primary healthcare service use increased by 300 consultations per 1000 young people. Overall, psychological distress had a conditional association with youth primary healthcare service use and could account for between 16-66% of the change in the use of services between 2014 and 2018, depending on the service type. However, the absolute increase seen in the use primary healthcare services was mainly driven by young people with low levels of psychological distress as opposed to young people with high psychological distress. This suggest a converging trend.Conclusions Our findings suggest that there might be serious barriers between need and help-seeking behavior for young people with high levels of psychological distress and that the pattern of utilization among young people with lower distress may indicate overuse, possibly as an inadvertent consequence of a newly introduced school absence policy. While further research is needed to confirm these findings, our work may inform healthcare providers and policy makers about primary healthcare utilization trends among young people.
Model of burnout, depression, and work performance among nurses in China: a questionnaire survey.
Authors: Li Li , Yao Yongcheng , Lou Xiaoping , Qin Nan , Yao Wu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the relationship of job burnout, depression, with job performance among nurses and to construct a job performance model.
Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 792 nurses working in 5 hospitals in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China from July to August in 2015.
Results: Of the 792 nurses, statistically significant differences were found in the age, educational status, years working, department, job title, and personality types with respect to burnout, depression, and job performance ( P <0.05). The job burnout scores were positively correlated with the depression scores and negatively correlated with the job performance ( P <0.001). Nurses in the 25-29 years age group had the highest burnout scores ( P <0.01). The burnout scores were higher among those who worked 6-15 years than those who worked more than 15 years ( P <0.01). The job performance scores were higher in the ≥16-year than <6-year working group ( P <0.05). The burnout scores were lower among intermediate-level than junior-level nurses ( P <0.05), but the job performance scores were higher than those of junior-level nurses ( P <0.01). Path analysis results showed that among the examined job characteristics, the direct effects of age, years working, and job title were greatest.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the main risk factors among job characteristics were age, years working, and job title. Increased burnout leads to increased depression, which in turn leads to a decline in job performance.
Growth and scale improvement of Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on genetic breeding
Authors: Kim Jung Eun , Hwang Ju-ae , Kim Hyeong Su , Im Jae Hyun , Lee Jeong Ho 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a need to recover the genetic diversity of Israeli carp by continuous inbreeding and develop genetics-based breeding for rapid growth, better body shape, and improved scales. However, there are no breeding studies on developing domestic Israeli carp since 1973. To develop an Israeli carp breed that grows fast and has improved body shape and scale using genetic breeding methods. Results: Four breeding groups were set. A mating scheme was developed considering the morphological analysis and genetic distance of broodstock. F1 was produced according to the mating scheme. The Korea × China group grew faster in 17 months. Total length in the China × Korea group was small, but body height was similar to that of the other groups, and the condition factor was the highest. Common Israeli carp in Korea reached 1.7 kg in 17 months, and improved Israeli carp reached to 2.2 kg. The scale scores of the F1 group were 1.98 (China × China), 2.68 (China × Korea), 2.36 (Korea × China) and 3.18 (Korea × Korea). The average number of scales crossing between China and Korea was 2.52 and broodstock group was 3.15. F1 showed lower scale score (0.63) than broodstock. Conclusions: The improved carp has better scales than parent group, which improved in weight and scales compared to common Israeli carp. The Israeli carp developed by the genetics-based breeding grew quicker and had improved fewer scales, which will be of great value for domestic Israeli aquaculture industry due to good marketability.