bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum (White Mold): Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimalarial Effects In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Pressete Carolina Girotto , Giannini Laila Santos Vieira , de Paula Daniela Aparecida Chagas , do Carmo Mariana Araújo Vieira , Assis Diego Magno , Santos Mário Ferreira Conceição , Machado José da Cruz , Marques Marcos José , Soares Marisi Gomes , Azevedo Luciana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work aimed includes performing the sclerotia chemical profile and evaluates their biological effects on mutagenesis, oxidative stress, cancer, and malaria. A chemical profile was determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) analysis dereplicating norditerpenoid dilactone, sclerolide, and other compounds. The GI50 values to cancer cells (19.8 to 277.6 µg/mL) were higher than normal (16.05 µg/mL), meaning high cytotoxicity. Regarding the oxidative stress, the results showed that the all AcOET fraction concentrations tested on IMR90 noncancer cell increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in more intense way (by fivefold) than in tested cancer cells. The in vivo study showed an increase of the following biomarkers (by 296.00%): % DNA in comet tail in peripheral blood and liver cells; micronucleated erythrocytes and colon cells and lipid serum peroxidation. These results indicate the sclerotia as genotoxic and mutagenic agent and its contamination may lead to fungal toxic effects with a risk to human health.
Pesticides (Hexachlorocyclohexane, Aldrin, and Malathion) Residues in Home‐Grown Eggs: Prevalence, Distribution, and Effect of Storage and Heat Treatments
Authors: Alaboudi Akram R. , Osaili Tareq M. , Alrwashdeh Arwa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe abuse of pesticides in home gardens may lead to contamination of home‐grown eggs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), aldrin, and malathion pesticides residues in egg white and egg yolk of home‐grown eggs in Jordan; and the effect of refrigerated storage and heat treatment (boiling and frying) on residues level. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to detect pesticide residues in egg samples (n = 200) obtained from households that raise laying hens in Jordan. About 96% of the tested eggs showed pesticide residues. None of the tested egg samples showed residual level above maximum residue limit (MRL 0.02 mg/kg) for HCH, whereas 33% and 44% of samples were above MRL for aldrin and malathion, respectively. All studied pesticide residues were detected from both egg yolk and egg white. The concentrations of malathion and aldrin (0.075 and 0.067 mg/kg) in egg yolk were higher than those (0.049 and 0.058 mg/kg) in egg white samples. Pesticide residue levels were quite stable during refrigeration storage whereas heat treatment (boiling at 100 °C and frying at 160 °C) significantly reduced contamination levels to values below MRL. The high level of pesticide residues in home‐grown egg in Jordan may reflect the improper use of pesticides in home gardens and thus exposing the environment to unwanted pollution and the risk they may pose on human health.Practical ApplicationHome‐grown eggs could be exposed to pesticides more than commercial eggs as free‐range hens interact directly with the environment and ingest soil or materials on/in the soil that might be contaminated with pesticides used in home gardens or farms. Exploring pesticides residues in home‐grown eggs and effect of refrigerated storage and heat treatment (boiling and frying) on residue levels would be useful to consumers and health authorities.
Probiotic Yogurt with Brazilian Red Propolis: Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties, Stability, and Shelf Life
Authors: Santos Marly S. , Estevinho Leticia M. , Carvalho Carlos Alfredo L. , Morais Jorge S. , Conceição Antonio Leandro S. , Paula Vanessa B. , Magalhães‐Guedes Karina , Almeida Rogeria C. C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the quality parameters in probiotic yogurt produced with Brazilian red propolis to replace potassium sorbate used in conventional yogurt (CY). Microbiological stability and shelf life, physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, chemical composition, and fatty acids), and bioactive properties (phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity) were evaluated. The addition of red propolis (0.05%) to replace the potassium sorbate did not change the pH, acidity, fatty acid profile, chemical composition, or shelf life. Microbiological stability of at least 28 days was achieved, while a drastic reduction in the lactic acid bacteria content was observed in the CY during refrigeration storage. Phenolic total contents were higher than those of the control, and consequently, yogurt with red propolis showed higher antioxidant activity.Practical ApplicationThe study indicates that Brazilian red propolis at 0.05% concentration to replace the potassium sorbate is an efficient alternative for use in yogurt production. The knowledge acquired about these types of Brazilian propolis provides an important contribution to food research in the discovery of new functional products to the market, seeking a healthier diet. Therefore, the produced yogurt proves to be an innovative product with functional and probiotic potential to be placed on the market.
Carpesium abrotanoides (L.) Root as a Potential Source of Natural Anticancer Compounds: Targeting Glucose Metabolism and PKM2/HIF‐1α Axis of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Chai Xin‐Xin , Le Yi‐Fei , Wang Jun‐Cheng , Mei Chen‐Xuan , Feng Jia‐Fan , Zhao Hong , Wang Cui , Lu De‐Zhao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarpesium abrotanoides L. (CA) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. The biological activities of the extract from the roots of Carpesium abrotanoides L. (PCA) and its major components were analyzed in this study. PCA was separated and identified with mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we sought to elucidate the anticancer activity of PCA and its mechanisms. PCA exerted its anti–breast cancer activity through inhibiting the expression of glycolysis‐related genes, such as glucose transporter 1, lactate dehydrogenase A, and hexokinase 2. Moreover, PCA downregulated the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 and altered its cellular translocation. We also demonstrated PCA is an inhibitor of the PKM2/hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α axis, indicating that PCA is potentially useful as an anti–breast cancer agent.Practical ApplicationIn this study, the extract from roots of Carpesium abrotanoides Linn. (PCA) was shown to have a noticeable anticancer effect against breast cancer in vitro, and PCA exerts the anticancer activity by regulating glucose metabolism and PKM2 expression. These findings indicate that PCA is a promising agent with practical applications in the development of functional food containing Carpesium abrotanoides L. root extracts.
Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptance of High‐Pressure Processed, Sous Vide‐Cooked Lobster Tails
Authors: Humaid Sami , Nayyar Dhriti , Bolton Jason , Skonberg Denise I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSous vide (SV) and high‐pressure processing (HPP) are promising techniques in the development of high‐quality seafood products. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impacts of HPP on the physicochemical quality and consumer acceptance of subsequently SV‐cooked lobster tails. Raw shucked lobster tails were processed at 150 or 350 MPa for 5 or 10 min. Subsequently, half were SV cooked to a core temperature of 65 °C/10 min. Texture profile analysis, shear force, color, salt soluble protein content, water‐holding capacity (WHC), moisture content, and weight loss were analyzed. Pressurization at 150 MPa/10 min decreased (P < 0.05) the hardness of raw lobsters compared to non‐HPP‐treated controls. However, 350 MPa for 5 or 10 min increased (P < 0.05) the shear force in raw and SV‐cooked samples. HPP increased (P < 0.05) the L* values but did not affect moisture content, WHC, or weight loss of raw or SV‐cooked lobsters. Lobsters were subjected to consumer acceptability testing using a 9‐point hedonic scale. Although panelists rated the flavor, texture, and overall liking of the 350 MPa/10 min samples higher than the control and 150 MPa/10 min samples, there were no significant differences among treatment means, indicating that physicochemical changes induced by HPP did not affect consumer acceptance. In addition, approximately 84% of panelists reported that the 350 MPa product met their expectations compared to approximately 75% for the control and 150 MPa treatments. These results suggest that HPP has the potential to be applied in combination with SV cooking to produce consumer‐acceptable, value‐added lobster products.Practical ApplicationLobsters are an expensive menu item in restaurants. However, they are susceptible to being overcooked using conventional methods, producing a tough and rubbery texture. Sous vide cooking is reported to provide evenly cooked lobsters with a succulent and juicy texture. In this study, lobsters were sous vide cooked to reach a core temperature of 65 °C, and then maintained at that temperature for 10 min. The application of moderate processing pressures to vacuum‐packaged raw lobsters prior to SV cooking altered some physicochemical attributes but has the potential to increase the availability of high‐quality, minimally processed seafood with good consumer acceptability.
Association between antiphospholipid antibodies and factor Bb in lupus nephritis patients with glomerular microthrombosis
Authors: Zhou Yan , Chen Peirong , Li Yongji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and purposeThe mechanism of glomerular microthrombosis (GMT) in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and factor Bb in LN patients with GMT.MethodsPatients with biopsy‐proven LN hospitalized from July 2015 to July 2018 in our hospital were selected for this study. Levels of lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs), anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I (anti‐β2‐GPI) antibodies and factor Bb were measured, and other clinical and pathological data were also obtained during the same period before renal biopsy.ResultsA total of 25 LN patients with GMT and 76 LN patients without GMT were included in this study. In LN patients with GMT, the presence of anti‐β2GPI and LAC were both significantly higher than in those without GMT (P < .001 and P = .039, respectively). The level of factor Bb was also higher in LN patients with GMT than in those without GMT (P = .021). In the correlation analysis, Bb level was positively correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.28, P = .014), activity index (r = 0.24, P = .021) GMT (r = 0.65, P < .001) and IgG‐anti‐β2GPI (r = 0.771, P < .001).ConclusionsOur work suggests that aPLs, especially IgG‐anti‐β2GPI, may play a role in the progress of GMT, and this process might involve alternative complement activation.
The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife
Authors: Escobar Luis E. , Pritzkow Sandra , Winter Steven N. , Grear Daniel A. , Kirchgessner Megan S. , Dominguez‐Villegas Ernesto , Machado Gustavo , Townsend Peterson A. , Soto Claudio 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPrions are misfolded infectious proteins responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion diseases. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is the prion disease with the highest spillover potential, affecting at least seven Cervidae (deer) species. The zoonotic potential of CWD is inconclusive and cannot be ruled out. A risk of infection for other domestic and wildlife species is also plausible. Here, we review the current status of the knowledge with respect to CWD ecology in wildlife. Our current understanding of the geographic distribution of CWD lacks spatial and temporal detail, does not consider the biogeography of infectious diseases, and is largely biased by sampling based on hunters' cooperation and funding available for each region. Limitations of the methods used for data collection suggest that the extent and prevalence of CWD in wildlife is underestimated. If the zoonotic potential of CWD is confirmed in the short term, as suggested by recent results obtained in experimental animal models, there will be limited accurate epidemiological data to inform public health. Research gaps in CWD prion ecology include the need to identify specific biological characteristics of potential CWD reservoir species that better explain susceptibility to spillover, landscape and climate configurations that are suitable for CWD transmission, and the magnitude of sampling bias in our current understanding of CWD distribution and risk. Addressing these research gaps will help anticipate novel areas and species where CWD spillover is expected, which will inform control strategies. From an ecological perspective, control strategies could include assessing restoration of natural predators of CWD reservoirs, ultrasensitive CWD detection in biotic and abiotic reservoirs, and deer density and landscape modification to reduce CWD spread and prevalence.
Brain perivascular macrophages: Recent advances and implications in health and diseases
Authors: Yang Tuo , Guo Ruiming , Zhang Feng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBrain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) belong to a distinct population of brain‐resident myeloid cells located within the perivascular space surrounding arterioles and venules. Their characterization depends on the combination of anatomical localization, phagocytic capacity, and molecular markers. Under physiological status, they provide structural and functional support for maintaining brain homeostasis, including facilitation of blood‐brain barrier integrity and lymphatic drainage, and exertion of immune functions such as phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Increasing evidence also implicates their specific roles in diseased brain, ranging from cerebrovascular diseases, Aβ pathologies, infections, and autoimmunity. Collectively, PVMs are key components of the brain‐resident immune system, actively participate in a broad‐spectrum of processes in normal and diseased status. Details of the processes are largely underexplored. Targeting PVMs would lead to new insights and be a promising strategy for a broad array of human diseases.
A systematic study of dyeing polybutylene succinate fibres
Authors: Li Dawei , Zhang Bingjie , Wang Shugen , Zhou Chang E. , Sun Chang , Zha Quanliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS) fibre is a new type of textile fibre, but its application in the textile industry is limited by the lack of related dyeing methods. In this study, the solubility parameters of PBS fibres are calculated, and solvent dyes with similar solubility parameters are proposed to dye PBS fibres to show that the dyeing scheme creatively resolves the difficulty in dyeing PBS fibres. The technical parameters of suitable dyes, and the dyeing conditions with ethanol as the dyeing medium, consisted of a dyeing temperature of 90°C, a dyeing time of 30 minutes and a liquor ratio of 30:1. The dyeing results show that the levelling property is good, the dyebath exhaustion is high, and the washing fastness, the rubbing fastness and the perspiration fastness index of the dyed fibres are satisfactory.
Circadian BMAL1 regulates mandibular condyle development by hedgehog pathway
Authors: Yu Shaoling , Tang Qingming , Xie Mengru , Zhou Xin , Long Yanlin , Xie Yanling , Guo Fengyuan , Chen Lili 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveChondrogenesis and endochondral ossification in mandibular condyle play crucial roles in maxillofacial morphogenesis and function. Circadian regulator brain and muscle arnt‐like 1 (BMAL1) is proven to be essential for embryonic and postnatal development. The goal of this study was to define the functions of BMAL1 in the embryonic and postnatal growth of mandibular condylar cartilages (MCC).Materials and MethodsMicro‐CT, TUNEL staining and EdU assay were performed using BMAL1‐deficient mice model, and in vitro experiments were performed using rat chondrocytes isolated from MCC. RNA sequencing in mandibular condyle tissues from Bmal1‐/‐ mice and the age‐matched wild‐type mice was used for transcriptional profiling at different postnatal stages.ResultsThe expression levels of BMAL1 decrease gradually in MCC. BMAL1 is proved to regulate sequential chondrocyte differentiation, and its deficiency can result in the impairment of endochondral ossification of MCC. RNA sequencing reveals hedgehog signalling pathway is the potential target of BMAL1. BMAL1 regulates hedgehog signalling and affects its downstream cascades through directly binding to the promoters of Ptch1 and Ihh, modulating targets of hedgehog signalling which is indispensable for endochondral ossification. Importantly, the short stature phenotypes caused by BMAL1 deficiency can be rescued by hedgehog signalling activator.ConclusionsCollectively, these results indicate that BMAL1 plays critical roles on chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification of MCC, giving a new insight on potential therapeutic strategies for facial dysmorphism.
Clinical epigenetics: a primer for the practitioner
Authors: Aygun Deniz , Bjornsson Hans T 
Published: November 2019

Disruption of epigenetic modifications and the factors that maintain these modifications is rapidly emerging as a cause of developmental disorders. Here we summarize some of the major principles of epigenetics including how epigenetic modifications are: (1) normally reset in the germ line, (2) form an additional layer of interindividual variation, (3) are environmentally sensitive, and (4) change over time in humans. We also briefly discuss the disruption of growth and intellect associated with the Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery and the classical imprinting disorders (such as Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Silver–Russell syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Angelman syndrome), as well as suggesting some diagnostic considerations for the clinicians taking care of these patients. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic modifications, which may offer a safe alternative to up and coming genome editing strategies for the treatment of genetic diseases. This review provides a starting point for clinicians interested in epigenetics and the role epigenetic disruption plays in human disease.What this paper adds

Clinicians are introduced to four main principles of epigenetics.

Clinical features of imprinting disorders and Mendelian disorders of epigenetic machinery are presented.
A 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, four‐arm dose‐finding phase 2 study evaluating bexagliflozin as monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Halvorsen Yuan‐Di , Walford Geoffrey , Thurber Tara , Russell Heidy , Massaro Monica , Freeman Mason W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the safety and efficacy of bexagliflozin administered as monotherapy at three dosage strengths over a 12‐week period to patients with type 2 diabetes who were either naïve to pharmacotherapy or were previously prescribed one oral hypoglycaemic agent and underwent a 6‐week period of medication abstinence.MethodsAdults with type 2 diabetes (n = 292) having an HbA1c of between 7.0% and 8.5% were randomized to receive one of three dosage strengths of bexagliflozin (5, 10 or 20 mg) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to week 12 in the %HbA1c. Secondary endpoints included the changes from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, body mass and fraction of patients achieving an HbA1c of <7%.ResultsThe mixed model repeated measure estimates of the placebo‐adjusted change in %HbA1c from baseline to week 12 for the 5, 10 and 20 mg groups were −0.55% (95% CI: −0.76%, −0.34%, P < 0.0001), −0.68% (95% CI: −0.89%, −0.47%, P < 0.0001) and −0.80% (95% CI: −1.01%, −0.59%, P < 0.0001), respectively. Significant and dose‐dependent placebo‐adjusted mean reductions from baseline to week 12 in FPG and body mass were observed. The fraction of subjects achieving an HbA1c of <7% was significantly greater in the 20 mg bexagliflozin group. The incidence of adverse events was similar for participants in all active arms (42.3%) compared with the rate measured in those receiving placebo (40.3%).ConclusionsBexagliflozin confers substantial and dose‐dependent benefits on subjects with type 2 diabetes and has an acceptable safety profile. Further evaluation of bexagliflozin for the control of type 2 diabetes in adults is warranted.
Correlations between immune and metabolic serum markers and schizophrenia/bipolar disorder polygenic risk score in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Maj Carlo , Tosato Sarah , Zanardini Roberta , Lasalvia Antonio , Favaro Angela , Leuci Emanuela , De Girolamo Giovanni , Ruggeri Mirella , Gennarelli Massimo ,   the GET‐UP GROUP, Bocchio‐Chiavetto Luisella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsThere is a strong interest in identifying the biological mechanisms involved in the genetic risk for psychotic disorders. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between serum concentrations of specific molecular markers and the genetic component for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.MethodsWe analysed the association between the polygenic risk score (PRS) and the serum levels of different inflammatory/metabolic markers in a sample of 81 first‐episode psychosis patients (FEP) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and 33 controls.ResultsA positive correlation of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder PRS with the inflammatory marker C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4 serum concentration (ρ = 0.42, P = 1.56 × 10‐04 and ρ = 0.40, P = 1.65 × 10‐03, respectively) and a negative correlation with the serum ghrelin content (ρ = − 0.35, P = 4.27 × 10‐03 and ρ = − 0.45, P = 6.05 × 10‐04, respectively) were observed.ConclusionThese findings provide new insight into the biological underpinnings of the PRS component, thus supporting a role of the genetic liability on the inflammatory and metabolic alterations that characterize psychosis onset.