bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Keratoconus Apex’s Slope on Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity
Authors: Liduma Sanita , Luguzis Artis , Krumina Gunta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The image optical quality is affected by changes in corneal shape of patients with keratoconus. The goal of this study was to explore which corneal parameters determine the visual quality in keratoconus subjects, which corneal slope parameter has the strongest correlation with visual quality and contrast sensitivity. Methods: The study covered eyes of 77 subjects, graded from the first to third keratoconus stages. To characterize the shape of cornea, we obtained measurements in two ways: (a) projected two perpendicular axes onto a cornea – the main axis passed through the central point of the cornea (visual axis projection) and keratoconus apex, while the second axis was perpendicular to the main axis – and read elevation values at points on theses axis; (b) projected circles with different diameters around the central part of the cornea (1, 2 and 3 mm) and read elevation values at points equally displaced on these circles. The measurements were used to calculate various elevation change (slope) parameters. Results: According to the acquired data, the visual acuity of a corrected eye does not have a strong correlation with the measured keratoconus apex slope. Contrast sensitivity displayed a strong correlation with keratoconus slope in the central part of the cornea (with a radius of 1 mm). Correlations in different spatial frequencies ranging from 0.47 to 0.6. Conclusion: Contrast sensitivity is more important parameter which describes the visual quality of keratoconus subjects than visual acuity. The most important region which determines the visual quality in keratoconus subjects is the region with a 1 mm radius of the corneal centre in the opposite direction of keratoconus apex.
Experimental evaluation of spur dikes placement position effect on the hydraulic and erosion conditions of intakes
Authors: Zamani Mostafa , Rabiefar Hamidreza , Rostami Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The use of spur dikes have been recently considered by researchers in order to change the direction or flow regime in the lateral intake. In this study, the effect of spur dikes on increasing the intake discharge has been examined to minimize turbulence, erosion and sedimentation. Five experimental models in two different discharges were used. The model without the spur dike is the control model, and spur dikes in the other models were placed upstream and in the direction of the intake; upstream and in front of the intake; downstream and in front of intake; and also upstream and in front of intake as a form of spur dike series. The results showed that the spur dikes downstream and in front of the intake had the highest input discharge to the intake in both discharge states. A lower rate of erosion and sedimentation was achieved when the spur dike was located upstream of the channel.
Review on biological wastewater treatment and resources recovery: attached and suspended growth systems
Authors: Machineni Lakshmi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The treatment of wastewater for reuse is a potential solution to meet ever increasing urban, industrial, agricultural, and environmental demands across the world, where clean water availability is scarce. There are several traditional wastewater treatment processes that offer varying degrees of effectiveness in addition to presenting environmental, economic, and social disadvantages. Development of promising and inexpensive technologies to provide the reusable water in needful amounts using wastewaters as a cheap source of key nutrients and organic matter is required. Wastewater treatment by biological methods is becoming more important in the light of recovering value-added plant nutrients, heavy metals, biosolids, and bioenergy resources. Different types of solid contaminants in effluents can be removed simultaneously by pure cultures or mixed microbial consortia. Based on the structural organization of microbial biomass, biological treatment systems are classified into two types: dispersed growth system and attached growth system. Biological treatment methods associated with fixed-film growth have been recognized as highly effective and more energy efficient than suspended growth systems. This review discusses the recent breakthroughs in advanced biological wastewater treatment using both the systems, and also focuses on key energetic resources recovery driven by biological technologies.
Economía e intensificación agrícola: Variabilidad en trayectorias de cambio agrícola en la América Prehispánica
Authors: Vargas Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2020

El paso de una economía de subsistencia a una economía política ha sido considerado como una de las transformaciones fundamentales para el surgimiento de sociedades complejas. El desarrollo de estrategias agrícolas intensivas que permitió la acumulación de excedentes se ha argumentado, fue una condición necesaria para la aparición de jerarquías regionales en distintas partes del mundo. Una de las principales evidencias que los arqueólogos han usado para demostrar la relación entre agricultura y el surgimiento de la desigualdad social ha sido el paisaje, el cual ha sido modificado mediante la implementación de estructuras a través del tiempo por las sociedades humanas alrededor del mundo. La elaboración de terrazas, campos elevados, sistemas hidráulicos para el cultivo, ha sido relacionada con procesos de intensificación económica y organización política centralizada. Este artículo presenta una discusión a partir de la revisión de los modelos arqueológicos de economía política en los que la construcción de estructuras para la producción de excedentes alimentarios fue crítica para el surgimiento de desigualdad social. Para esto se presenta un análisis comparativo de distintos casos de sociedades complejas provenientes de Colombia y otras regiones de América entre los que se encuentran los Llanos de Casanare, la región Calima; la región del Valle Black Warrior (Mississippi - Estados Unidos); los Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia), la Isla de Marajo (Brasil), la región de Yaguachi (Ecuador) y los Llanos de Barinas (Venezuela). Se plantea que, así como arqueológicamente se han identificado distintas trayectorias de cambio social en el pasado, también existieron distintas trayectorias de cambio agrícola, las cuales guardan relación con el surgimiento de desigualdad y complejidad social. Palabras clave: Cambio agrícola, sociedades complejas, arqueología del paisaje.
Design research on applied Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach in teaching math for vocational college
Authors: Edo Sri Imelda , Tasik Wahyuni Fanggi 
Published: February 2020

Several studies documented that mathematics, as it is taught in general secondary education, is far away from what is needed for most fields of vocational practice. Some studies found that workplace mathematics demands are very different from traditional mathematics taught in classrooms. Therefore, this study aims to design a learning trajectory for teaching mathematics in vocational college, oriented on the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach to improve students’ understanding and motivation in learning mathematics. Design research was chosen as an appropriate method to answer the research questions and achieve the research goals. Design research methods consist of three phases, namely preliminary design, experiment, and retrospective analysis. The research result shows that the learning trajectory can improve students’ understanding. Students enjoy the learning process and give a very enthusiastic response.
Effectiveness of Text Message Interventions for Weight Management in Adolescents: Systematic Review
Authors: Partridge Stephanie Ruth , Raeside Rebecca , Singleton Anna , Hyun Karice , Redfern Julie 
Published: February 2020

Background
The incidence of obesity among adolescents is increasing. Text messages are a primary communication form for adolescents and potentially a scalable strategy for delivering population health interventions.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of text message interventions in reducing BMI in adolescents and describe characteristics that are common to effective interventions.

Methods
This systematic review included randomized controlled trials of text message lifestyle interventions involving adolescents aged 10 to 19 years with outcomes focused on obesity prevention or management. Primary outcome was objective or self-report change in BMI.

Results
In total, 4362 records were identified, and 215 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 8 unique studies were identified, including 767 participants, mean age 14.3 (SD 0.9) years, BMI 29.7 (SD 1.6) kg/m2 and 53.1% (407/767) female (31/101, 30.7%-172/172, 100.0%). All interventions were multicomponent. The median active intervention period was 4.5 months. During the active and extended intervention phases, text messages accounted for >50% (8 studies) and >85% (3 studies) of contact points, respectively. Text messages were heterogeneous, with a median of 1.5 text messages sent per week (range: 1-21). A total of 4 studies utilized two-way text message communication with health professionals Of the 8 studies, 7 demonstrated reductions in BMI or BMI z-score in the intervention group compared with the control at the end of the final follow-up. The effect was only statistically significant in 1 study at 6 months. Over 6 months, reductions in BMI (kg/m2) ranged from 1.3% to 4.5% and BMI z-score ranged from 4.2% to 28.1%. Overall quality of the studies was low.

Conclusions
Further research is required to elucidate the effectiveness and potential impact of text message interventions on weight and weight-related behaviors in adolescents.
PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ ABILITY IN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING THROUGH REFLECTIVE LEARNING
Authors: Ningsih Yunika Lestaria , Rohana Rohana 
Published: February 2020

The research aims to determine the mathematical problem-solving ability of prospective teachers’ through reflective learning. Reflective learning is a learning process that provides students the opportunity to examine and investigate the problems that is triggered by experience, analyzing of individual the experiences, and facilitate the learning of the experiences. These lessons are identified to improve mathematical ability students. By using a descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this study were students of Mathematics Education Program in one of private universities in Palembang, consisting of 34 students. This study was conducted in odd semester academic year of 2015/2016. The instruments in this study were mathematical problem-solving ability test, observation sheet, and interview guide. The data were analyzed descriptively. Based on analysis of the data are found that the average mathematical problem-solving ability of students’ through reflective learning in good categories.
CAGAR BUDAYA SANG PENUTUR MASA SILAM CULTURAL HERITAGE THE TELLER OF THE PAST
Authors: Sutaba I Made 
Published: February 2020

Archaeological researches in Indonesia have discovered a number of various historical and archaeological artifacts that belong to cultural heritage. As historical evidences, this cultural heritage is an important source of the plural information and messages of the past life of our society. It is remarkable that this cultural heritage has some problems for example problem of typology, function, meanings, and the other for the society. Studying the problems, it is interesting to do research on its function as a teller of the past history that contained various aspects of the life of our society that not yet studied until today. By learning the problems, this research goal is to find the answer of the problems. To reach this goal, we do this research gradually by collecting data through literature study and field observation along with interviews. The next step is analysis carried out through methods of typology analysis, contextual, functional analysis, ethno archaeological and ethno historical approach. Finally the result showed that the function of our cultural heritage is as teller of the many-sided aspects of the past history of our artifacts such as technological aspects, social, and religious aspects but it is impossible to get full completed information due to some reasons. Keywords: archaeological and historical artifacts, cultural heritages, teller of the past. Â AbstrakPenyelidikan arkeologi di Indonesia sudah berhasil menemukan artefak sejarah dan arkeologi yang beraneka ragam, yang tergolong sebagai warisan budaya. Sebagai bukti-bukti sejarah, warisan budaya ini adalah sumber informasi dan pesan-pesan kehidupan masyarakat masa lalu yang bersifat pluralistik. Menarik perhatian, bahwa warisan budaya ini mempunyai permasalahan yaitu, permasalahan tipologi, fungsi dan makna dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Mempelajari masalah ini, sangat menarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai fungsinya sebagai penutur sejarah masa silam, yang mengandung aneka ragam, aspek kehidupan masyarakat, yang belum dikaji sampai sekarang. Dengan mencermati permasalahan ini, maka tujuan penelitian ini, adalah untuk meneliti permasalahan tadi. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, penulis melakukan penelitian secara bertahap melalui pengumpulan data dengan metode kajian pustaka dan observasi lapangan yang disertai dengan wawancara. Langkah selanjutnya, adalah melakukan analisis dengan analisis tipologi, kontekstual, analisis fungsional, pendekatan etnoarkeologi dan etnohistori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cagar budaya itu berfungsi sebagai penutur kehidupan masa silam yang mengandung aspek yang bersfiat jamak, adalah aspek teknologi, sosial dan religi, tetapi tidak mungkin untuk mendapat informasi yang lengkap karena berbagai faktor.Kata kunci: peninggalan sejarah dan purbakala, warisan budaya, penutur masa silam.
Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang Muda (Areca catechu)
Authors: Lilyawati Sega Ade , Fitriani Nurul , Prasetya Fajar 
Published: February 2020

Thrush is an oral disease caused by bacterial and fungal infections. Treatment for this disease can be done by administering drugs that contain antimicrobial compounds. This study aims to test the ethanol extract of young areca nut against bacteria and fungi that cause Oral thrush. Young betel nut extract is obtained through maceration process using 96% ethanol. Then the activity of the Streptococcus sanguis bacteria and Candida albican fungus was tested. This test used the well method which was carried out on 5 variations of the concentration of young areca nut extract (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; 10% and 15%) with one negative control (Na CMC). The results of the antimicrobial activity of young areca nut extract showed that young areca nut extract can inhibit Streptococcus sanguis bacteria with inhibition value are (9,961; 11,319; 13,390; 14,184; 14,704 mm) and Candida albican fungus are (7,482; 10,923; 14,695; 15,742; 17,325 mm) on 5 variations of the concentration.
Analisis Keselamatan Jalan Pada Tikungan Berdasarkan Jari-jari dan Kemiringan Melintang Tikungan
Authors: Widianty Desi , Rohani Rohani , Karyawan IDM Alit 
Published: February 2020

Jari-jari dan kemiringan melintang tikungan merupakan faktor penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas bila tidak sesuai dengan standar. Ruas jalan Mataram-Senggigi-Pemenang yang menghubungkan antara kota Mataram menuju Pantai Senggigi dan Gili Trawangan banyak dijumpai tikungan tajam dan tanjakan yang tinggi. Tikungan tajam akan mengurangi jarak pandangan pengemudi dan menimbulkan gaya sentrifugal yang besar. Oleh karena itu lokasi ini perlu dilakukan analisis keselamatan terutama pada daerah tikungan yaitu mengetahui besarnya peluang terjadi kecelakaan dan menentukan kategori resiko kecelakaan ditinjau dari jari-jari dan kemiringan melintang tikungan dan selanjutnya dijadikan dasar untuk melakukan penanganan. Parameter yang digunakan meliputi jari-jari tikungan dan kemiringan melintang jalan. Besarnya jari-jari tikungan di lapangan diperoleh dari gambar situasi jalan hasil survay topografi, kemiringan melintang jalan diperoleh dari perbedaan elevasi sisi jalan serta data kecelakaan kecelakaan yang terjadi pada lokasi penelitian. Analisis data berupa analisis jari-jari tikungan, kemiringan melintang jalan, dampak keparahan korban kecelakaan, defisiensi, peluang kecelakaan, kategori resiko kecelakaan lalu lintas. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa, tikungan yang berada di sepanjang ruas jalan Mataram-Senggigi-Pemenang sebesar 92,85% memiliki jari-jari tikungan yang berpeluang terjadi kecelakaan antara 10 – 15 kali per tahun. Sebanyak 71,43% tikungan termasuk kategori sangat berbahaya yaitu Batu Layar (STA 6+400), Batu Bolong (STA7+600), Senggigi Sunset (STA 11+100), Puri Permata (STA 12+900), Sebelum Jembatan (STA 15+600), Setelah Jembatan (STA 15+900), Villa Hantu (STA 18+400), Sebelum Malimbu (STA 18+700), Amarsvati (STA 21+500), dan Nipah (STA 24+000). Akibat faktor kemiringan melintang jalan terdapat 14,29% tikungan berpeluang terjadi kecelakaan kurang dari 3 kali per tahun serta hanya tikungan Amarsvati (STA 21+500) termasuk kategori cukup berbahaya dan yang lainnya aman. Beberapa solusi untuk mengurangi peluang dan resiko kecelakaan adalah memperbesar jari-jari tikungan, memasang cermin tikungan, rambu pembatas kecepatan, rambu adanya tikungan tajam, lampu penerangan dan guardrail. Khusus tikungan Setelah Malimbu dan Amarsvati juga perlu menaikkan elevasi jalan dari sisi dalam tikungan sehingga kemiringan melintang dibawah 10 %. Dari 14 tikungan yang ditinjau secara rata-rata memiliki nilai resiko sebesar 305.71 dengan kategori bahaya, dimana perlu penanganan teknis yang terjadwal maksimum 2 bulan sekali sejak hasil audit disetujui.
Balık kılçığı yutulmasına bağlı özofagus perforasyonu ve akut mediastinit
Authors: ESME Hıdır , ATEŞ Arif 
Published: February 2020

Yabancı cisim yutulması yetişkinlerde çocuklara göre nadirdir. Yabancı cisim yutulması vakaların yüzde 95'inde tesadüfidir ve genellikle yemekle ilgilidir (Balık ve tavuk kemiği, kürdan vb.). Yutulan yabancı cisimlerin çoğu müdahaleye gerek kalmadan mideye iner (%80 ila 90). Endoskopik girişim hastaların yüzde 10 ila 20'sinde, cerrahi girişim ise yüzde 1'inden daha azında gereklidir. Bu yazıda, balık kılçığı yutan bir hastada gelişen özofagus perforasyonu ve akut mediastinit tablosunu sunduk. Özofagus perforasyonu ve akut mediastinitle komplike olan balık kılçığı aspirasyonu hayatı tehdit edici bir tablodur. Tedavi edilmeyen ya da tedavisi geciken vakalarda ciddi morbidite ve mortalite ile karşılaşılmaktadır.
Low Temperature Platinum Chemical Vapor Deposition on Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Salazar Bryan G. , Liu Hanwen , Walker Amy V. , McElwee-White Lisa 
Published: February 2020

The reaction pathways of Pt CVD using (COD)PtMe2-xClx (x = 0, 1, 2) have been investigated on functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as models for organic substrates. In the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene, a well-known alkyl radical trap, Pt deposition was increased by up to 10-fold creating a room-temperature effective Pt CVD process.This article has been submitted to the Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films.
Relationship Of Intellectual Capital To Dynamic Capabilities In Village Credit Institutions
Authors: Gine Das Prena  , Ketut Tanti Kustina  
Published: February 2020

The focus and point of view on this study was the ability of organizational resources (research Base Value/RBV). It was related how the dynamic capability of an organization, especially the village credit institution from the intellectual capital perspective. This research was conducted to get a new update on how the unique configuration of intellectual capital can enhance the ability of companies to empower their dynamic capabilities in order to win the market for the micro finance sector in Bali. In order to identify and formulate the relationship between human capital, social capital, and organizational capital to dynamic capabilities.
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Mode Flow Map: An Innovative Enterprise Gis For Better Groundwater Management And Monitoring.
Authors: Lala El Hoummaidi  , Dr. Abdelkader Larabi  , Shaikha Ahmad Al Shaikh  
Published: February 2020

Due to the UAE’s location in a dry belt region, rainfall is discontinuous, precipitation thresholds are highly variable and floodwaters leak into the ground. Thus, groundwater is a precious resource for water supplies, environmental protection, and sustainable development.
Moreover, the groundwater salinity is relatively high which leads to reduced productivity of agricultural land and degrades the natural environment, therefore proper management and control of such resource use, especially in UAE where there is an intensive irrigation activity, is critical for a sustainable water management.
School Environment and Environmental Education Lecturer’s Job Performance in the University of Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Onnoghen Usang Nkanu  , Eneji Chris-Valentine Ogar  , Petters Janet Sunday  
Published: February 2020

The study investigated the influence of school environment on Environmental Education lecturer’s job performance in the University of Calabar, Nigeria. Using purposive sampling technique, a sample of seventy six (76) lecturers teaching in the department was selected for the study. Five null hypotheses were formulated and 74 using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analytic statistical tool at 0.05 significant level and 74 degree of freedom. All the five hypotheses tested (school environment, classrooms, laboratories, libraries and conducive lecturer’s office spaces), showed significant influence on lecturer’s job performance. It was recommended that government and the university administration should make provision for the necessary facilities that will improve the lecturer’s working environment, thereby enhancing their job performance.
Economical, Efficient and Optimum Design of Storm Water Harvester
Authors: Deepak Juneja  , Aditya Rana  
Published: February 2020

In most parts of India, water table is getting lowered. The problem is more predominant in dense cities. Some cities have become dependent on potable water supply. Due to paving of roads and construction of buildings, Infiltration has reduced and run off has increased. Run off increases when the rainfall is intense and with increased road and building infrastructure. Further there is huge withdrawal of water to meet the demand for growing population. Sowing of paddy to increase the returns from farming adds to the problem. Paddy needs 150cm of water from sowing to harvesting. It is not the natural crop of this region. Part of this water demand is met by monsoon and the rest by pumping out of water. There is huge and rapid withdrawal of water from tube wells to keep the crops inundated in water. This causes the drawdown or lowering of water table. In the last two decades water has been receding at the rate of 50-100cm per year. After concerns of water harvesting were raised, the rate of decline has receded. Since we cannot do much about reducing water demand, the solution lies in water harvesting and recycling waste water. Roof top water harvesting is easy and has no challenges. Storm water harvesting is challenging and daunting task. The harvesters get clogged and may not be operational for long time. Optimum solution has been found for filter material to be used, and design of harvester.