bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of turoctocog alfa pegol (N8‐GP; ESPEROCT®) assay performance: Implications for postadministration monitoring
Authors: Ezban Mirella , Hansen Martin , Kjalke Marianne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFactor replacement therapy with factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates is the current standard of care for patients with haemophilia A. Postadministration monitoring of FVIII activity during on‐demand or prophylactic treatment is important, for example to guide a suitable dosing regimen. While the use of two‐stage chromogenic substrate (CS) assays is increasing, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)‐based one‐stage clotting (OSC) assays are most commonly used to measure FVIII activity in clinical laboratories. Substantial variations in activity measurements have been observed in association with some OSC assay reagents when assessing extended half‐life FVIII molecules. Certain silica‐based APTT reagents have previously been shown to underestimate FVIII activity with the polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐conjugated product turoctocog alfa pegol (N8‐GP [ESPEROCT®]; Novo Nordisk A/S). As a wide range of assay reagents are used in clinical laboratories worldwide, it is essential to establish which can be used to accurately measure activity with modified FVIII concentrates. Here, we describe the approach taken by Novo Nordisk to determine the suitability and accuracy of assays and reagents to measure FVIII activity in samples that contain N8‐GP. While accurate activity measurements were possible with all tested CS assays and most of the OSC APTT reagents tested, three APTT reagents that contain silica as a contact activator were found to underestimate N8‐GP recovery (APTT‐SP, TriniCLOT™, STA® PTT‐Automate). The data demonstrate the importance of characterizing the accuracy of each FVIII activity assay. Any limitations should be communicated to treating physicians and the clinical laboratories that test samples containing N8‐GP.
Inflammation, etiologies and Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score: What makes liver disease patients susceptible to developing colorectal neoplasia?
Authors: Troschel Amelie S. , Miks Alexander , Hüsing‐Kabar Anna , Heinzow Hauke S. , Schmidt Hartmut H. , Troschel Fabian M. , Kabar Iyad 
Published: December 2019

AimResearch has identified patients with chronic liver disease as a risk group for colorectal neoplasia. In this study, we aimed to identify liver disease subgroups at enhanced risk of developing colorectal neoplasia, as well as causal factors.MethodsThe present retrospective study included patients with chronic liver disease undergoing colonoscopy during liver transplantation evaluations, and liver‐healthy patients as part of the German screening protocol. We assessed inflammatory laboratory values, Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score, portal hypertension, and liver disease etiologies as explanatory variables. Outcomes included polyps, adenomas, high‐risk situations, and colorectal cancer, tested in uni‐ and multivariable analyses.ResultsA total of 1046 patients were included, 407 with liver disease, 639 without. Alcohol‐toxic, metabolic, cryptogenic, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly associated with colorectal neoplasia, as were low compared with high Model for End‐stage Liver Disease scores. Portal hypertension showed no associations with neoplasia. Inflammatory markers were associated with colorectal neoplasia, independent of liver disease severity.ConclusionsLow Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score, inflammatory markers, and certain etiologies were associated with colorectal neoplasia. Our findings suggest that inflammation may play an important role in the development of colonic adenomas in patients with chronic liver disease. Findings need to be confirmed in prospective studies, but may allow risk stratification and, possibly, development of prophylactic treatments.
Immediate clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of 0.5% versus 3% sodium hypochlorite in root canal treatment: A quasi‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ulin C. , Magunacelaya‐Barria M. , Dahlén G. , Kvist T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis that in the daily routine of a specialist clinic in endodontics that irrigation during root canal preparation with 3.0% NaOCl will result in fewer postoperative samples with cultivable bacteria than irrigation with 0.5% buffered NaOCl but, at the same time, will not result in a higher frequency of postoperative pain nor swelling.MethodologyTwo hundred ninety‐eight patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups – 0.5% NaOCl and 3% NaOCl. All endodontic diagnoses were included. Root canal treatment was performed, and bacterial sampling was carried out prior to root filling. The patients were requested to complete a form regarding pain and swelling seven days postoperatively. Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, Mantel–Haenszel chi‐squared and the chi‐squared test with a significance level of P < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.ResultsIn the 0.5% NaOCl group, 18 (13.4%) of the root canal samples were positive; in the 3% NaOCl group, the corresponding number was 24 (18.6%). The mean difference of −5.2% (95% CI: −14.8 to 4.4) was not significant (P = 0.33). In the 0.5% NaOCl group, 57 (53.8%) patients reported some pain; in the 3% group, the corresponding number was 56 (53.3%). The mean difference of 0.4 (95% CI: −14.0 to 14.8) was not significant (P = 1.0). In the 0.5% NaOCl group, 5 (5.1%) patients reported swelling; in the 3% NaOCl group, the corresponding number was 18 (17.8%). The mean difference was 12.7 (95% CI: 3.1–22.4), which was significant (P = 0.0084).ConclusionsThe difference in the concentration of NaOCl (0.5% vs 3%) had no significant impact on the number of positive cultures and did not influence either the frequency or the magnitude of postoperative pain. A significantly higher incidence of postoperative swelling was recorded for patients who received a greater concentration of NaOCl (3%).
Drug‐eluting versus bare‐metal stents for saphenous vein graft lesions
Authors: Conte Sean M. , Florisson Daniel S. , De Bono Joshua A. , Vale Peter R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA best evidence topic was written addressing the question ‘in patients with saphenous vein graft lesions requiring percutaneous coronary intervention, do long‐term clinical outcomes differ between drug‐eluting and bare‐metal stents?’ Altogether 1466 papers were found, of which seven represented the best evidence. Although one major recent randomised trial was neutral, the weight of earlier evidence supports drug‐eluting stents as standard of care. Bare‐metal stents may represent a reasonable, efficacious, and less expensive alternative to drug‐eluting stents in well selected patient groups.
Unique approach to continuing medical education in clinical pharmacology across Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Athavale Akshay , Murnion Bridin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced physician training in clinical pharmacology lacks a continuing education programme. There is a need for continuing medical education but how to introduce and develop education remains unclear.AimsThe primary aim was to develop and implement a peer‐led, web‐based multiple choice question approach to continuing education in clinical pharmacology training across Australia and New Zealand. Secondary aims included determining, quality, difficulty, utility, relevance, user‐friendliness, sustainability and potential to form part of formal clinical pharmacology physician training.MethodsIn February 2018, a survey of clinical pharmacology trainees identified topics for question development. Questions covering requested topics were developed and piloted in PeerWise between March and October 2018. Participants could rate quality and difficulty of questions using categorical rating scales and make free text comments. After questions were piloted, a survey using a 0–10‐point Likert scale and yes/no responses assessed utility, relevance, user‐friendliness, sustainability and formalisation potential.ResultsTwenty‐four trainees were invited to participate. Nine (38%) of trainees completed the initial survey, 10 (42%) attempted questions and 7 (29%) completed the end survey. Median scores of 8.00 (IQR 6.50 – 9.00), 7.00 (IQR 6.50 – 7.50) and 8.00 (IQR 6.50 – 8.00) using a 0–10‐point Likert scale indicated trainees found this approach useful, relevant and user‐friendly. Five (71%) out of seven responding trainees felt this approach was sustainable and could be incorporated as part of formal clinical training.ConclusionThis study suggests that peer‐led multiple choice questions could form an enduring education modality which could be incorporated into clinical pharmacology training.
Changes in behavioural synchrony during dog‐assisted therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder and children with Down syndrome
Authors: Griffioen Richard Eric , van der Steen Steffie , Verheggen Theo , Enders‐Slegers Marie‐Jose , Cox Ralf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDog‐assisted therapy (DAT) is hypothesized to help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome (DS).MethodsThe present authors compared synchronous movement patterns of these children (n = 10) and their therapy dogs during the first and last session of a DAT programme, and their post‐therapy changes in emotional and behavioural problems.ResultsThe present authors found a significant increase in synchrony between child and therapy dog over time. Exploratory analyses suggest more synchrony between children with ASD and their therapy dogs, compared to the children with DS.ConclusionsThis study is the first to test the synchrony hypothesis, shedding light upon a mechanism that may underlie the effect of DAT and how this may be different for children with ASD and DS.
Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 induces hepatic steatosis through activating MLXIPL and mTORC1 networks in hepatocytes
Authors: Wang Hao , Cao Youde , Shu Liqing , Zhu Ying , Peng Qi , Ran Longke , Wu Jinghong , Luo Yetao , Zuo Guowei , Luo Jinyong , Zhou Lan , Shi Qiong , Weng Yaguang , Huang Ailong , He Tong‐Chuan , Fan Jiaming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLiver plays an essential role in regulating lipid metabolism, and chronically disturbed hepatic metabolism may cause obesity and metabolic syndrome, which may lead to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increasing evidence indicates long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in energy metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of lncRNA H19 in hepatic lipid metabolism and its potential association with NAFLD. We found that H19 was up‐regulated in oleic acid‐induced steatosis and during the development of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD. Exogenous overexpression of H19 in hepatocytes induced lipid accumulation and up‐regulated the expression of numerous genes involved in lipid synthesis, storage and breakdown, while silencing endogenous H19 led to a decreased lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, H19 was shown to promote hepatic steatosis by up‐regulating lipogenic transcription factor MLXIPL. Silencing Mlxipl diminished H19‐induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, H19‐induced lipid accumulation was effectively inhibited by PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF‐04691502. Accordingly, H19 overexpression in hepatocytes up‐regulated most components of the mTORC1 signalling axis, which were inhibited by silencing endogenous H19. In vivo hepatocyte implantation studies further confirm that H19 promoted hepatic steatosis by up‐regulating both mTORC1 signalling axis and MLXIPL transcriptional network. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that H19 may play an important role in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Transfer of the Thecate Amoeba Lecythium mutabilis to a Novel Genus Omnivora (Fiscullidae, Thecofilosea, Cercozoa)
Authors: Dumack Kenneth , Pundt Julia , Bonkowski Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThecofilosea is a class in Cercozoa (Rhizaria) comprising mainly freshwater‐inhabiting algivores. Recently, numerous isolates of thecofilosean amoebae have been cultured and were characterized by an integrated morphological and molecular approach. As attempts to establish a culture of Lecythium mutabilis repeatedly failed, it was not yet investigated by molecular means. We isolated single cells of L. mutabilis directly from their habitat and successfully sequenced the V4 region of their SSU rDNA. Phylogenetic analyses showed that L. mutabilis is not directly related to the genus Lecythium and instead branches within the Fiscullidae (Tectofilosida, Thecofilosea). Accordingly, we transfer the species L. mutabilis to a novel genus Omnivora gen. nov.
Pasteurella canis infection in a non‐human primate black‐tailed marmoset (Mico melanurus)—A case report
Authors: da Silva Mayara Inácio Vincenzi , Bento Heitor José , Maruyama Fernanda Harumi , Rosa Janaína Marcela Assunção , Mesquita Mayara Carvalho de Sousa Rocha , Pavelegini Lucas Avelino Dandolini , Morgado Thaís Oliveira , Colodel Edson Moleta , Nakazato Luciano , Dutra Valéria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study reports the pathological and microbiological findings of pneumonia in a Mico melanurus caused by Pasteurella canis, confirmed for molecular analyses. It demonstrated the importance that wild species represent in the epidemiology of pasteurellosis in anthropic environments, when inserted into urban areas.
Securing sustainable funding for viral hepatitis elimination plans
Authors: Hatzakis Angelos , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Cholongitas Evangelos , Baptista‐Leite Ricardo , Boucher Charles , Busoi Cristian‐Silviu , Deuffic‐Burban Sylvie , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Esmat Gamal , Hutchinson Sharon , Malliori Minerva‐Melpomeni , Maticic Mojca , Mozalevskis Antons , Negro Francesco , Papandreou George A. , Papatheodoridis George V. , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus , Razavi Homie , Reic Tatjana , Schatz Eberhard , Tozun Nurdan , Younossi Zobair , Manns Michael P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe majority of people infected with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the European Union (EU) remain undiagnosed and untreated. During recent years, immigration to EU has further increased HCV prevalence. It has been estimated that, out of the 4.2 million adults affected by HCV infection in the 31 EU/ European Economic Area (EEA) countries, as many as 580 000 are migrants. Additionally, HCV is highly prevalent and under addressed in Eastern Europe. In 2013, the introduction of highly effective treatments for HCV with direct‐acting antivirals created an unprecedented opportunity to cure almost all patients, reduce HCV transmission and eliminate the disease. However, in many settings, HCV elimination poses a serious challenge for countries’ health spending. On 6 June 2018, the Hepatitis B and C Public Policy Association held the 2nd EU HCV Policy summit. It was emphasized that key stakeholders should work collaboratively since only a few countries in the EU are on track to achieve HCV elimination by 2030. In particular, more effort is needed for universal screening. The micro‐elimination approach in specific populations is less complex and less costly than country‐wide elimination programmes and is an important first step in many settings. Preliminary data suggest that implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis can be cost saving. However, innovative financing mechanisms are needed to raise funds upfront for scaling up screening, treatment and harm reduction interventions that can lead to HCV elimination by 2030, the stated goal of the WHO.
Ultrasound‐guided techniques for peripheral intravenous placement in children with difficult venous access
Authors: Munshey Farrukh , Parra Dimitri A. , McDonnell Conor , Matava Clyde 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeripheral intravenous placement in children can be challenging. Different techniques have been used to improve first pass success rates in children with known history of difficult venous access including surface landmarking, local warming, transillumination, ultrasonography, epidermal nitroglycerin, central venous access, intraosseous placement, and venous cutdown. Among these, ultrasound guidance has garnered the most interest among anesthesiologists. The cumulative literature surrounding the utility of ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous placement in children with and without difficult venous access has shown mixed results. Literature on the utility of ultrasound guidance for peripheral intravenous placement in children under deep sedation or anesthesia is limited but encouraging. This review summarizes the overall evidence for ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous placement in children with difficult venous access under deep sedation or general anesthesia. Furthermore, five subtly varying approaches to ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous placement with their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. One of these five approaches is Dynamic Needle Tip Positioning. Utilizing a short axis out of plane ultrasound view, this promising technique allows for accurate needle tip localization and may increase the success rate of peripheral intravenous placement, even in small children, under deep sedation, or general anesthesia.
Epigenetic patterns within the haplotype phased fig (Ficus carica L.) genome
Authors: Usai Gabriele , Mascagni Flavia , Giordani Tommaso , Vangelisti Alberto , Bosi Emanuele , Zuccolo Andrea , Ceccarelli Marilena , King Robert , Hassani‐Pak Keywan , Zambrano Liceth S. , Cavallini Andrea , Natali Lucia 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDue to DNA heterozygosity and repeat content, assembly of non‐model plant genomes is challenging. Herein, we report a high‐quality genome reference of one of the oldest known domesticated species, fig (Ficus carica L.), using Pacific Biosciences single‐molecule, real‐time sequencing. The fig genome is ~333 Mbp in size, of which 80% has been anchored to 13 chromosomes. Genome‐wide analysis of N6‐methyladenine and N4‐methylcytosine revealed high methylation levels in both genes and transposable elements, and a prevalence of methylated over non‐methylated genes. Furthermore, the characterization of N6‐methyladenine sites led to the identification of ANHGA, a species‐specific motif, which is prevalent for both genes and transposable elements. Finally, exploiting the contiguity of the 13 pseudomolecules, we identified 13 putative centromeric regions. The high‐quality reference genome and the characterization of methylation profiles, provides an important resource for both fig breeding and for fundamental research into the relationship between epigenetic changes and phenotype, using fig as a model species.
An investigation of cross‐reactivity between the poultry red mite and house dust and storage mites in dogs with contact with chickens infested with red mites
Authors: Martins Luís M. L. , Ventura Ana C. N. , Brazis Pilar , Cerrato Santiago 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe European poultry red mite (PRM) Dermanyssus gallinae, a common ectoparasite of laying chickens and pigeons; it also can feed on other birds, humans and domestic animals, causing clinical signs ranging from mild discomfort to severe dermatitis. Little is known about possible hypersensitivity to PRM or cross‐sensitization with house dust or storage mites.Hypothesis/objectivesKnowledge on possible PRM immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergy and possible cross‐sensitization with house dust and storage mites may facilitate the clinical approach. The aim herein was to clarify possible evidence of type I hypersensitivity to PRM in dogs and possible occurrence of cross‐sensitization with house dust and storage mites.AnimalsSixteen dogs with chronic contact with PRM‐infested chickens from traditional bird houses and 10 control dogs with no contact with birds.Methods and materialsDogs were subjected to intradermal testing (IDT) and serum specific IgE (sIgE) determination for house dust and storage mites and D. gallinae.ResultsThe highest wheal score was obtained with 0.1 mg/mL D. gallinae extract. Positive IDT reactions to PRM were found in four of 10 control dogs and in 10 of 16 from the chicken‐exposed group. SIgE to PRM was detected in one control and in seven dogs exposed to chickens. No significant correlation was found between IDT or sIgE scores to PRM and house dust and storage mites.Conclusions and clinical significanceContact with PRM‐infested chickens may lead to sensitization without allergy, independently from sensitization to house dust and storage mites.
Effects of hypoxia–reoxygenation stimuli on renal redox status and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 pathway in sickle cell SAD mice
Authors: Faes Camille , Juban Gaëtan , Aufradet Emeline , Desgeorges Thibaut , Charrin Emmanuelle , Connes Philippe , Mury Pauline , Mattè Alessandro , De Franceschi Lucia , Martin Cyril , Pialoux Vincent 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the effects of repeated subclinical vaso‐occlusions on nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and oxidative stress balance regulation in the kidney of transgenic SAD mice?

What is the main finding and its importance?
In response to hypoxia–reoxygenation, nuclear Nrf2 protein expression decreased in the kidney of SAD mice while haem oxygenase transcripts were increased. This suggest that in SAD mice, other transcription factors than Nrf2 could be involved in renal antioxidant gene regulation in response to hypoxia–reoxygenation.

AbstractHypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R) stress is known to increase oxidative stress in transgenic sickle mice and can cause organ failure. Here we described the effects of H/R on nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a putative regulator of redox status in the kidneys of SAD mice investigating Nrf2‐regulated antioxidant enzymes. Transgenic SAD mice and healthy C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to 4 h of hypoxia followed by various times of reoxygenation at ambient air (2 or 6 h). Regardless of the conditions (i.e. normoxia or H/R), SAD mice expressed higher renal oxidative stress levels. Nuclear Nrf2 protein expression decreased after 2 h post‐hypoxia only in the medulla region of the kidney and only in SAD mice. Simultaneously, haem oxygenase transcripts were affected by H/R stimulus with a significant enhancement after 2 h post‐hypoxia. Similarly, hypoxia inducible factor‐1α staining increased after 2 h post‐hypoxia in SAD mice in both cortex and medulla areas. Our data confirm that the kidneys are organs that are particularly sensitive to H/R stimuli in sickle cell SAD mice. Also, these results suggest an effect of the duration of recovery period (short vs. long) and specific responses according to kidney areas, medulla vs. cortex, on Nrf2 expression in response to H/R stimuli in SAD mice.
Synergy of Tribological Processes in Designing Combustion Engine Crankshaft Bearings
Authors: Vrublevskyi Oleksandr , Grytsyuk Oleksandr , Napiorkowski Jerzy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The results presented in this study present the possibilities of achieving a reduction in operational risk, friction losses, and energy costs for the engine friction and lubrication as a result of optimizing selected crankshaft bearing design parameters. The method suggested in the study is different from the known method of searching for optimal parameters throughout defined quality criteria with other parameters changing within the tolerance field (with consideration of dimension changes during work). Using the simulation model, the operation of bearings has been analyzed in starting conditions.