bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in American Athletes Undergoing Preparticipation Examination by Sex, Participation Level, and Age
Authors: Willard Jared , Jacob Dany , Tang Yuanyuan , Jones Philip , McCoy Marcia , Magalski Anthony 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To describe the preparticipation examination findings among American athletes by sex, participation level, and age.

Design:
Hypothesis-generating retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Saint-Luke's Athletic Heart Center, Kansas City, Missouri.

Participants:
A total of 2954 student athletes.

Interventions:
Athletes underwent preparticipation examination, which included history and physical, electrocardiogram, and 2-D transthoracic echocardiogram.

Main Outcome Measures:
Differences noted on screening preparticipation examination by sex, participation level, and age.

Results:
Female athletes reported more symptoms than male athletes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-1.97; P < 0.0001) but had lower prevalence of abnormal electrocardiogram (OR 0.52; CI, 0.39-0.68; P < 0.0001). College athletes reported fewer symptoms than novice athletes (OR 0.35; CI, 0.29-0.43; P < 0.0001) with no difference in the prevalence of abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) (OR 0.96; CI, 0.73-1.26; P = 0.78). Older athletes reported fewer symptoms than younger athletes (OR 0.61; CI, 0.52-0.71; P < 0.0001) with no difference in the prevalence of abnormal ECG (OR 1.00; CI, 0.81-1.23; P = 0.89). There were 43 athletes with clinically important findings with no difference in prevalence of these findings across sex, participation level, and age.

Conclusions:
Among this American cohort of athletes, male athletes reported fewer symptoms and had higher prevalence of abnormal ECG findings compared with female athletes. College and older athletes reported fewer symptoms and had no difference in prevalence of abnormal ECG findings compared with novice and younger athletes, respectively. Despite these differences between groups, the prevalence of clinically important findings was comparable among groups.
The emerging role of dyslipidemia in diabetic microvascular complications
Authors: Savelieff Masha G. , Callaghan Brian C. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reviewTo summarize recent advancements in our understanding of the impact of dyslipidemia on microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D), with an emphasis on peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy.Recent findingsMounting evidence suggests that rigorous glycemic control only mitigates certain microvascular complications in T2D patients. Particularly, well regulated blood glucose levels only marginally improve peripheral neuropathy in the T2D setting. Dyslipidemia, an abnormal lipid profile, is emerging as a key factor in peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, although glycemic control may prevent or slow nephropathy, recent developments demonstrate that dyslipidemia can also affect kidney outcomes in normoglycemic patients. Transcriptomic, epigenomic, and lipidomic investigations, as well as integrative approaches, are shedding light on potential pathomechanisms. These molecular studies are identifying possible targets for therapeutic intervention. Complementing molecular research, lifestyle interventions are on-going to assess whether dietary choices and/or exercise, weight-loss, or surgical interventions, such as bariatric surgery, can ameliorate peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy in T2D patients.SummaryDyslipidemia is an emerging mechanism in microvascular complications in T2D. Elucidating the molecular pathomechanisms may pinpoint potential lipid-centric treatments. Interventional studies of dietary changes, exercise, or weight-loss surgery may also positively impact these highly prevalent and morbid complications.
Increased monocyte and T-cell activation in treated HIV+ Ugandan children: associations with gut alteration and HIV factors
Authors: Dirajlal-Fargo Sahera , Albar Zainab , Bowman Emily , Labbato Danielle , Sattar Abdus , Karungi Christine , Nazzinda Rashida , Funderburg Nicholas , Kityo Cissy , Musiime Victor , McComsey Grace A. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
The pathophysiology of immune activation and its mechanisms in children living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa has been understudied.

Methods:
We enrolled 101 children living with PHIV and 96 HIV-negative controls (HIV−). All participants were between 10 and 18 years of age with no known active infections. PHIVs were on ART with HIV-1 RNA level 400 copies/ml or less. We measured plasma and cellular markers of monocyte activation, T-cell activation (expression of CD38+ and HLA-DR on CD4+ and CD8+), oxidized lipids, markers of gut integrity and fungal translocation. Spearman correlations and linear regression models were used.

Results:
Overall median (Q1; Q3) age was 13 years (11; 15) and 52% were girls. Groups were similar by age, sex and BMI. Median ART duration was 10 years (8; 11). PHIVs had higher monocyte and T-cell activation; higher sCD14 (P = 0.01) and elevated frequencies of nonclassical monocytes (P < 0.001 for both). Markers of systemic inflammation (hsCRP), fungal translocation (BDG), intestinal permeability (zonulin) and oxidized lipids (ox LDL) correlated with monocyte and T-cell activation in PHIV (≤0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, ART duration, protease inhibitor and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor use, a modest association between BDG and activated CD4+ T cells was observed (β=0.65, P < 0.01). Oxidized LDL was inversely associated with activated T cells, inflammatory and nonclassical monocytes (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Ugandan children with perinatally acquired HIV with viral suppression have evidence of ongoing immune activation. Intestinal barrier dysfunction and fungal translocation may be involved in chronic immune dysfunction.
Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China
Authors: Lam Tommy Tsan-Yuk , Shum Marcus Ho-Hin , Zhu Hua-Chen , Tong Yi-Gang , Ni Xue-Bing , Liao Yun-Shi , Wei Wei , Cheung William Yiu-Man , Li Wen-Juan , Li Lian-Feng , Leung Gabriel M , Holmes Edward C. , Hu Yan-Ling , Guan Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia in China and beyond is associated with a novel coronavirus, provisionally termed 2019-nCoV. This outbreak has been tentatively associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, China, where the sale of wild animals may be the source of zoonotic infection. Although bats are likely reservoir hosts for 2019-nCoV, the identity of any intermediate host facilitating transfer to humans is unknown. Here, we report the identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in pangolins (Manis javanica) seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China. Metagenomic sequencing identified pangolin associated CoVs that belong to two sub-lineages of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses, including one very closely related to 2019-nCoV in the receptor-binding domain. The discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to 2019-nCoV suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible intermediate hosts for this novel human virus and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission.
Heterotrophic Carbon Fixation in a Salamander-Alga Symbiosis
Authors: Burns John A. , Kerney Ryan , Duhamel Solange 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe unique symbiosis between a vertebrate salamander,Ambystoma maculatum, and unicellular green alga,Oophila amblystomatis, involves multiple modes of interaction. These include an ectosymbiotic interaction where the alga colonizes the egg capsule, and an intracellular interaction where the alga enters tissues and cells of the salamander. One common interaction in mutualist photosymbioses is the transfer of photosynthate from the algal symbiont to the host animal. In theA. maculatum-O. amblystomatisinteraction, there is conflicting evidence regarding whether the algae in the egg capsule transfer chemical energy captured during photosynthesis to the developing salamander embryo. In experiments where we took care to separate the carbon fixation contributions of the salamander embryo and algal symbionts, we show that inorganic carbon fixed byA. maculatumembryos reaches 2% of the inorganic carbon fixed byO. amblystomatisalgae within an egg capsule after 2 hours in the light. After 2 hours in the dark, inorganic carbon fixed byA. maculatumembryos is 800% of the carbon fixed byO. amblystomatisalgae within an egg capsule. Using photosynthesis inhibitors we show thatA. maculatumembryos and O.amblystomatisalgae compete for available inorganic carbon within the egg capsule environment. Our results confirm earlier studies suggesting a role of heterotrophic carbon fixation during vertebrate embryonic development. Our results also show that the considerable capacity of developingA. maculatumembryos for inorganic carbon fixation precludes our ability to distinguish any minor role of photosynthetically transferred carbon from algal symbionts to host salamanders using bicarbonate introduced to the egg system as a marker.
Sleep and Diurnal Rest-Activity Rhythm Disturbances in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Filon Mikolaj J. , Wallace Eli , Wright Samantha , Douglas Dylan J. , Steinberg Lauren I. , Verkuilen Carissa L. , Westmark Pamela R. , Maganti Rama K. , Westmark Cara J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesAccumulating evidence suggests a strong association between sleep, amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We sought to determine if: (1) deficits in rest-activity rhythms and sleep are significant phenotypes in J20 AD mice, (2) metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 inhibitors (mGluR5) could rescue deficits in rest-activity rhythms and sleep, and (3) Aβ levels are responsive to treatment with mGluR5inhibitors.MethodsDiurnal rest-activity levels were measured by actigraphy and sleep-wake patterns by electroencephalography (EEG), while animals were chronically treated with mGluR5inhibitors. Behavioral tests were performed, and Aβ levels measured in brain lysates.ResultsJ20 mice exhibited a 4.5 hour delay in the acrophase of activity levels compared to wild-type littermates, and spent less time in REM sleep during the second half of the light period. J20 mice also exhibited decreased NREM delta power but increased NREM sigma power. The mGluR5inhibitor CTEP rescued the REM sleep deficit and improved NREM delta and sigma power but did not correct rest-activity rhythms. No statistically significant differences were observed in Aβ levels, rotarod performance or the passive avoidance task following chronic mGluR5inhibitor treatment.ConclusionsJ20 mice have disruptions in rest-activity rhythms and reduced homeostatic sleep pressure (reduced NREM delta power). NREM delta power was increased following treatment with an mGluR5inhibitor. Drug bioavailability was poor. Further work is necessary to determine if mGluR5is a viable target for treating sleep phenotypes in AD.Statement of SignificanceSleep disruption is evolving as an important risk factor as well as phenotype of neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. This study is novel in determining alterations in the rest-activity rhythm and sleep-wake pattern of J20 Alzheimer’s disease mice and wild type littermates. Specifically, there is a delay in acrophase with prolonged hyperactivity during the dark cycle, and reduced sleep pressure that was improved by treatment with mGluR5inhibitor. Critical remaining knowledge gaps and future directions include testing the effects of Alzheimer’s disease drugs on rescue of sleep and rest-activity patterns in other Alzheimer’s disease models. These studies are relevant to human Alzheimer’s disease as monitoring sleep phenotypes may predict disease risk, and therapies that normalize sleep patterns may slow progression.
Structure of dimeric full-length human ACE2 in complex with B0AT1
Authors: Yan Renhong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Yaning , Xia Lu , Zhou Qiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the surface receptor for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), directly interacting with the spike glycoprotein (S protein). ACE2 is also suggested to be the receptor for the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which is causing a serious epidemic in China manifested with severe respiratory syndrome. B0AT1 (SLC6A19) is a neutral amino acid transporter whose surface expression in intestinal cells requires ACE2. Here we present the 2.9 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of full-length human ACE2 in complex with B0AT1. The complex, assembled as a dimer of ACE2-B0AT1 heterodimers, exhibits open and closed conformations due to the shifts of the peptidase domains (PDs) of ACE2. A newly resolved Collectrin-like domain (CLD) on ACE2 mediates homo-dimerization. Structural modelling suggests that the ACE2-B0AT1 complex can bind two S proteins simultaneously, providing important clues to the molecular basis for coronavirus recognition and infection.
Guest editorial: a new dawn for qualitative service research
Authors: Witell Lars , Holmlund Maria , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of qualitative research in service research. This study discusses what qualitative research is, what role it has in service research and what interest, rigor, relevance and richness mean for qualitative service research.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the most common qualitative research methods and discusses interest, rigor, relevance and richness as key characteristics of qualitative research. The manuscripts in the special issue are introduced and categorized based on their contributions to service research.

Findings
The findings suggest that the amount of research using qualitative research methods has remained stable over the last 30 years. An increased focus on transparency and traceability is important for improving the perceived rigor of qualitative service research.

Originality/value
This special issue is the first issue that is explicitly devoted to the qualitative research methodology in service research. In particular, the issue seeks to contribute to a better use and application of qualitative research methodology.
Performance analysis in WEDM of titanium grade 6 through process capability index
Authors: Majumder Himadri , Maity Kalipada 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study aims to obtain excellent products, consistent investigation and manufacturing process control which are the preconditions that organizations have to consider. Nowadays, manufacturing industry apprise process capability index (Cpi) to evaluate the nature of their things with an expect to enhance quality and also to improve the productivity by cutting down the operating cost. In this paper, process capability analysis was applied during wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of titanium grade 6, to study the process performance within specific limits.

Design/methodology/approach
Four machine input parameters, namely, pulse ON time, pulse OFF time, wire feed and wire tension, were chosen for process capability study. Experiments were carried out according to Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. The value of Cpi was evaluated for two machining attributes, namely, average surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR). For these two machining qualities, single response optimization was executed to explore the input settings, which could optimize WEDM process ability.

Findings
Optimum parameter settings for average surface roughness and MRR were found to be TON: 115 µs, TOFF: 55 µs, WF: 4 m/min and WT: 6 kg−F and TON: 105 µs, TOFF: 60 µs, WF: 4 m/min and WT: 5 kg−F.

Originality/value
Process capability analysis constantly checks the process quality through the capability index keep in mind the end goal to guarantee that the items made are complying with the particulars, providing data for product plan and process quality enhancement for designer and engineers, giving the support to decrease the cost of item failures.
Enterprise resource planning enabling segmental information reporting practices of UK‐FTSE 100
Authors: Ammar Sameh , Mardini Ghassan H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ERP impact on management accounting practices has been widely recognised as having a knowledge gap in relation to how it may facilitate Segmental Information Reporting following the International Financial Reporting Standard No. 8’s (IFRS‐8) management approach. This study contributes to filling this gap by investigating the joint effect of the ERP and IFRS‐8 Post‐Implementation Review (PIR) on dimensions: quality, quantity and the reporters’ identity of FTSE‐100 companies in the period 2013–2017. The study found that ERP is significantly and positively associated with the dimensions of segmental information reporting. The implications of this study extend research and the practices of segmental reporting on the importance of ERP in operationalising segmental reporting and in understanding variations.
Targeting DNA binding proteins for cancer therapy
Authors: Shiroma Yoshitomo , Takahashi Ryou‐u , Yamamoto Yuki , Tahara Hidetoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDysregulation or mutation of DNA binding proteins such as transcription factors (TFs) is associated with the onset and progression of various types of disease, including cancer. Alteration of TF activity occurs in numerous cancer tissues due to gene amplification, deletion, and point mutations, and epigenetic modification. Although cancer‐associated TFs are promising targets for cancer therapy, development of drugs targeting these TFs has historically been difficult due to the lack of high‐throughput screening methods. Recent advances in technology for identification and selective inhibition of DNA binding proteins enable cancer researchers to develop novel therapeutics targeting cancer‐associated TFs. In the present review, we summarize known cancer‐associated TFs according to cancer type and introduce recently developed high‐throughput approaches to identify selective inhibitors of cancer‐associated TFs.
New Developmentalism and its Discontents: State Activism in Modi's Gujarat and India
Authors: Chatterjee Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTRegimes around the world are experimenting with combinations of economic liberalization and revived state‐activist strategies, producing ‘new developmentalist’ hybrids. This article suggests that a distinctive variant of new developmentalism is emerging in India. Its paradigmatic example crystallized in Gujarat, before and during Narendra Modi's tenure as Chief Minister (2001–14), and was taken national during Modi's first term as India's Prime Minister (2014–19). While scholars have highlighted the aggressively pro‐business industrial policy of the ‘Gujarat model’, closer examination reveals that this state intervention was more direct and extensive than previously acknowledged. The state took on a diversity of functions, particularly focused on infrastructure. These included not only classic developmental activities such as midwifing new industries or supporting select private enterprises, but also corrective functions: disciplining consumers, compensating reform losers, and repairing the bureaucratic apparatus. Today, in the face of predictions of radical deregulation or corporate rule, this reinvented statism is visible at the all‐India level. However, its history also illustrates the brittleness of India's new developmentalism, including its tendencies towards incumbency bias, resource misallocation, and debt. Political responses have often weakened accountability rather than tackling underlying problems. Both in India and elsewhere, the sustainability of new developmentalism appears uncertain.
Dose‐dependent reduction in body weight with LIK066 (licogliflozin) treatment in Japanese patients with obesity
Authors: Yokote Koutaro , Sano Misako , Tsumiyama Isao , Keefe Deborah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsLIK066 (licogliflozin) is a dual sodium glucose co‐transporter 1/2 inhibitor with potential benefits in weight loss. This study evaluated the efficacy, tolerability and safety of licogliflozin in Japanese adults with obesity.Materials and methodsThis study was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐finding study to evaluate the effect of licogliflozin (2.5, 10, 25 and 50 mg once daily) in 126 Japanese patients with obesity. The primary objective was to examine the dose–response relationship of licogliflozin treatment in body weight reduction relative to placebo at 12 weeks. The secondary objectives included assessment of responder rates, change in parameters related to complications, visceral and subcutaneous fat area, and safety during 12 weeks of treatment.ResultsThe placebo‐subtracted least square mean percentage change in body weight from baseline at week 12 was −1.99 (95% confidence interval −2.92, −0.21), −3.00 (−4.15, −1.70), −3.54 (−4.54, −2.26) and − 3.91% (−5.01, −2.77) in licogliflozin 2.5, 10, 25 and 50 mg once‐daily dose groups, respectively. The proportion of responders with ≥3% reduction in body weight in the licogliflozin 2.5, 10, 25 and 50 mg once‐daily dose groups were 15.8%, 55.6%, 50.0% and 56.7%, respectively, versus placebo [7.1%; P ≤0.002 for all except the 2.5 mg once‐daily group (P = 0.39)]. Dose‐dependent reductions were observed significantly in haemoglobin A1c, uric acid, fasting plasma glucose and potentially in the waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure and visceral fat area.ConclusionDual inhibition of SGLT1/2 with licogliflozin treatment induced a dose‐dependent reduction in body weight in Japanese patients with obesity. Treatment with licogliflozin was safe and well tolerated in this study. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03320941).
Tritrophic interactions reinforce a negative preference–performance relationship in the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta)
Authors: Garvey Michael A. , Creighton J. Curtis , Kaplan Ian 
Published: February 2020

Host plants that promote development of insect herbivores are sometimes less preferred to more toxic plants, which are co‐opted for protection from natural enemies, resulting in higher fitness in communities with strong top‐down control. However, the degree to which variation in growth rate and risk of natural enemy attack drive insect plant preferences is an open question, with little field data available across diverse plant families.The present study investigated the preference–performance relationship and tritrophic interactions involving the hornwormManduca sexta, its natural enemies, and plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) using a 2‐year common garden containing 18 wild and domesticated species. The degree to which natural enemy pressure explained field patterns in the laboratory was then tested using targeted assays involving parasitism by the waspCotesia congregata.In the field, the most preferred plants for female oviposition tended to be inversely correlated with the species providing optimal larval growth. Hawkmoths preferred plants in the subgenusPotatoe,Nicotiana, andDaturacompared withCapsicum,Physalis, and the otherSolanumsubgenera. However, larval parasitism byC. congregatawas only significant for hornworms onPotatoe/Daturaand notNicotiana(i.e. 33% vs. 12% vs. 4% parasitism onPotatoe,Datura, andNicotiana, respectively). Experimental laboratory rearing confirmed that wasp survival is lower onNicotianasp. thanSolanum lycopersicum, which could be driven by nicotine.The data obtained in the present study show that the negative preference‐performance relationship in hornworms across solanaceous plants is maintained in part because by utilising noxious food plantsM. sextagains protection against parasitism.