bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Texturally Controlled U–Th–Pb Monazite Geochronology Reveals Paleoproterozoic UHT Metamorphic Evolution in the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton
Authors: Jiao Shujuan , Fitzsimons Ian C W , Zi Jian-Wei , Evans Noreen J , Mcdonald Brad J , Guo Jinghui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSapphirine-bearing UHT granulites from the Dongpo locality in the Khondalite Belt of the North China Craton have been comprehensively characterized in terms of petrology, mineral chemistry, metamorphic evolution and zircon geochronology. However, the precise timing of the peak-UHT metamorphism and other key stages in the P–T–t evolution remain controversial due to the complexity of multiple metamorphic overprints and the lack of petrographic context for zircon age data. In this study, monazite from four samples of the Dongpo granulite are divided into six groups based on chemical composition and textural context, and dated (in-situ SHRIMP and LA–ICP–MS U–Pb). An age population of 1·91–1·88 Ga was obtained from high-Y cores of monazite inclusions in garnet (Group 1) and on grains in the rock matrix (Group 2). The maximum age of c.1·91 Ga is interpreted as the minimum timing for prograde metamorphism before UHT metamorphism (M1). An age population of 1·90–1·85 Ga was obtained from low-Y domains of monazite inclusions (Group 3) and of matrix grains (Group 4). Combined with previous zircon dating results, the age population from low-Y Mnz constrains the timing and duration of the UHT metamorphism to 1·90–1·85 Ga and 50 (±15) million years, respectively. The large (50 m.y.) age spread is interpreted to reflect continuous monazite formation, and it is consistent with the slow post-peak near-isobaric cooling stage (M2). An age of c.1·86 Ga was obtained from monazite in textural contact with sapphirine/spinel + plagioclase intergrowths (Group 5), which is interpreted as the timing of the subsequent decompression–heating stage (M3). The younger age clusters at c.1·80 and 1·77 Ga, obtained from Th-rich monazite rims (Group 6) and one single Th-depleted monazite in textural contact with matrix biotite, respectively, indicate dissolution–reprecipitation and new monazite growth from fluid released by crystallizing anatectic melt during retrogression. These results, along with the previous 1·93–1·91 Ga data for UHT metamorphism, suggest that there was a very long-lived Paleoproterozoic UHT metamorphism (1·93–1·85 Ga) in the Khondalite Belt of the North China Craton. This supports the large hot orogeny model for the generation of Paleoproterozoic UHT metamorphism in the Khondalite Belt during the amalgamation of the Nuna supercontinent.
Aided Hearing Moderates the Academic Outcomes of Children With Mild to Severe Hearing Loss
Authors: Tomblin J. Bruce , Oleson Jake , Ambrose Sophie E. , Walker Elizabeth A. , McCreery Ryan W. , Moeller Mary Pat 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
There are very limited data regarding the spoken language and academic outcomes of children with mild to severe hearing loss (HL) during the elementary school years, and the findings of these studies are inconsistent. None of these studies have examined the possible role of aided hearing in these outcomes. This study used a large cohort of children to examine these outcomes and in particular to examine whether aided hearing moderates the effect of HL with regard to these outcomes.

Design:
The spoken language, reading, writing, and calculation abilities were measured after second and fourth grades in children with mild to severe HL (children who are hard of hearing; CHH, n = 183) and a group of children with normal hearing (CNH, n = 91) after the completion of second and fourth grades. Also, among the CHH who wore hearing aids, aided better-ear speech intelligibility index values at the age of school entry were obtained.

Results:
Oral language abilities of the CHH with mild and moderate HL were similar to the CNH at each grade. Children with moderately-severe HL (better-ear pure tone threshold >59 but <76 dB HL) had significantly poorer oral language and reading skills than the CNH at each grade. The children with mild and moderate HL did not differ from the CNH in oral language or reading. No differences were found between the CHH regardless of severity and CNH with regard to spelling, passage writing, or calculation. The degree to which hearing aids provided audible speech information played a moderating role in the oral language outcomes of CHH and this moderation of language mediated the relationship between the unaided hearing ability of the CHH and their academic outcomes.

Conclusions:
As a group, children with mild and moderate HL have good outcomes with regard to language and academic performance. Children with moderately-severe losses were less skilled in language and reading than the CNH and CHH children with mild and moderate losses. Audibility provided by hearing aids was found to moderate the effects of HL with respect to these outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of including the effects of clinical interventions such as aided hearing when examining outcomes of CHH.
Youth Baseball Pitch Counts Vastly Underestimate High-effort Throws Throughout a Season
Authors: Wahl Elizabeth P. , Pidgeon Tyler S. , Richard Marc J. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The primary purpose of this study was to compare the number of pitches thrown by youth baseball players under the official league guidelines versus the number of “high-effort” throws recorded by a validated digital sensor worn by the players during a season.

Methods:
In total, 11 and 12-year-old youth baseball players from a single league were provided an elbow sleeve and sensor to wear each time they threw a baseball for an entire baseball season. The sensor tracked total throws and pitch-equivalent high-effort throws for the season. Official pitch counts were collected at each game from the official scorekeepers.

Results:
A total of 19 players participated in the study. The sensor-determined mean total throw count (1666.2±642.2) and mean high-effort throw count (576.9±329.3) per player were both significantly higher, P<0.0001 and P=0.02, respectively, than the mean official pitch count (168.1±122.4).

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that youth players make significantly more total throws and high-effort, or pitch-equivalent, throws, than what is recorded by the official pitch counts. Further research is needed to determine a safe annual “throw count” for young throwing athletes and to determine which types of throws, in addition to pitches, put youth throwers at risk for injury.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Perspective-taking influences attentional deployment towards facial expressions of pain: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Pilch Monika , O'Hora Denis , Jennings Caroline , Caes Line , McGuire Brian E. , Kainz Veronika , Vervoort Tine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Empathetic perspective-taking (PT) may be critical in modulating attention and associated responses to another's pain. However, the differential effects of imagining oneself to be in the pain sufferer's situation (“Self-perspective”) or imagining the negative impacts on the pain sufferer's experience (“Other-perspective”) on attention have not been studied. The effects of observer PT (Self vs Other) and level of facial pain expressiveness (FPE) upon attention to another person's pain was investigated. Fifty-two adults were assigned to 1 of 3 PT conditions; they were instructed to view pairs of pain expressions and neutral faces and either (1) consider their own feelings (Self-perspective), (2) consider the feelings of the person in the picture (Other-perspective), or (3) received no further instructions (Control). Eye movements provided indices of early (probability and duration of first fixation) and later (total gaze duration) attentional deployment. Pain faces were more likely to be fixated upon first. A significant first fixation duration bias towards pain was observed, which increased with increasing levels of FPE, and was higher in the Self-PT than the Control condition. The proportion of total gaze duration on pain faces was higher in both experimental conditions than the Control condition. This effect was moderated by FPE in the Self-PT condition; there was a significant increase from low to high FPE. When observers attend to another's facial display of pain, top-down influences (such as PT) and bottom-up influences (such as sufferer's FPE) interact to control deployment and maintenance of attention.
Mechanisms of Hippo pathway in the pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xie Ruiling , Chen Rui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal, aggressive, and incurable disease. The patients with PDAC are often diagnosed at the advanced stage, leading to poor overall survival because of no current effective treatment. Further exploration of the mechanism is needed urgently to provide insights on the prevention, detection, or intervention of pancreatic cancer. Oncogenic KRAS and mutated tumor suppressor genes serve essential roles in PDAC tumorigenesis. Different groups of scientists indicated that yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, which are the main effectors of the Hippo pathway, are the center in the development of PDAC. Here, we will focus on the recent advances of the molecular mechanisms of core components in the Hippo kinases cascade and discuss their clinical implications.
Impact of Underlying Diagnosis on Speech and Quality of Life Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation for Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Hwa Tiffany Peng , Sturm Joshua J. , Losenegger Tasher , Owen Abby , Kuhlmey Megan , Cellum Ilana , Lalwani Anil K. , Lustig Lawrence R. , Golub Justin S. , Kim Ana H. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:Our objective was to compare outcomes in speech and quality of life in those undergoing cochlear implantation for single-sided deafness (SSD), with the aim to characterize the clinical impact of underlying diagnosis in the affected ear and pre-operative hearing status.Study Design:Prospective case series.Setting:Academic Cochlear Implant Center.Patients:42 adult patients implanted with the diagnosis of SSD.Interventions:Patients were evaluated at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-operatively using AZBio sentence and speech, and consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) depending on appropriate testing level. Our previously validated Comprehensive Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CCIQ) questionnaire was administered.Main Outcome Measures:Speech perception, quality of life.Results:Subjects were stratified by the underlying diagnosis: Meniere's Disease (MD; n = 10), sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL; n = 13), and Other (eg TBI, acoustic neuroma, progressive, noise-induced; n = 19). Mean preoperative PTA of the implanted ear was 82dB ± 17; that of the nonimplanted ear was 32dB ± 17. SSNHL and MD demonstrated the highest speech perception score at 3 months (93 and 95%), and “Other” demonstrated the lowest scores at 88%. All 3 groups demonstrated nadir in speech scores at 6 months before improving at 12 months, but the “Other” diagnoses maintained the lowest speech testing across all time points. All 3 groups reported improved quality of life on CCIQ.Conclusions:Subjects with SSNHL and MD demonstrate excellent speech perception and quality of life outcomes after cochlear implantation for SSD. Subjects with “Other” diagnoses underlying their SSD demonstrated lower scores on speech testing but nonetheless reported improved quality of life.
The early prediction of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis: comparison of PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria in breast cancer
Authors: Lian Weiling , Liu Cheng , Gu Bingxin , Zhang Jianping , Lu Linjun , Pan Herong , Yao Zhifeng , Wang Mingwei , Song Shaoli , Zhang Yingjian , Yang Zhongyi 
Published: February 2020

Objective
To compare the predictive value of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria and PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST), for the pathological response and prognosis of patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods
Consecutive PET/computed tomography scans in 128 operable female patients at baseline and after two courses of NAC were performed. Patients were categorized by complete metabolic response (CMR) and non-CMR groups using 2 PET criteria. CMR and non-CMR were used to predict pathological complete response (pCR) by diagnostic test evaluation, and to predict progression-free survival (PFS) using Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
Ninety-two patients were finally analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for pCR prediction were 69.7, 76.3, and 73.9% with EORTC criteria, and 69.7, 77.9, and 75.0% with PERCIST, respectively. Peak standardized uptake value normalized to lean body mass (SULpeak), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were pCR response with accuracy of 70.7, 60.0, 75.0, and 71.4%, respectively. CMR by the EORTC (P = 0.021) and PERCIST (P = 0.007) was significantly related to a longer PFS. The univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that CMR by PERCIST was an independent predictor of recurrence (P = 0.008).

Conclusion
EORTC criteria and PERCIST had early predictive value to long-term outcome, but moderate value for pCR. Furthermore, PERCIST might show more potential than the EORTC criteria and conventional PET-based parameters to predict prognosis in breast cancer patients following two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Video abstract: see http://links.lww.com/NMC/A162.
Value of 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography in predicting the simplified WHO grade of malignancy in thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Zhao Juan , Wang Huoqiang , Li Qiang 
Published: February 2020

Objective
To investigate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) in predicting the simplified WHO grade of malignancy in thymic epithelial tumors.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed 81 patients with pathologically proven thymic epithelial tumors who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before surgical resection. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and SUVmax/tumor size were measured on the primary lesion. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were performed for assessing the ability of 18F-FDG PET/CT as a predictor of the simplified WHO classification.

Results
There were 43 male patients (53.1%) and 38 female patients (46.9%), and the mean age was 55.6 ± 11.9 years. The mean tumor size was 53.2 ± 21.4 mm. There were 24 low-risk thymomas (29.6%) (A, AB, and B1), 29 high-risk thymomas (35.8%) (B2 and B3), and 28 thymic carcinomas (34.6%). The SUVmax and SUVmax/tumor size were found to be predictive factors that were useful to distinguish thymomas and thymic carcinomas, and area under the ROC curve were 0.820 and 0.691, respectively (P < 0.05), and the cutoff value for discriminating thymomas and thymic carcinomas was 5.34.

Conclusion
In conclusion, a significant relationship was observed between SUVmax, SUVmax/tumor size and histological WHO classification of thymic epithelial tumors. 18F-FDG PET/CT may be useful for predicting the grade of malignancy in thymic epithelial.
Staffing Utilization and Fall Prevention With an Electronic Surveillance Video System
Authors: Daley Brittney , Fetherman Brandee , Turner Joanne 
Published: February 2020

Background:
There is limited research addressing how to optimize both staffing and patient outcomes with the use of technology to reduce falls during hospitalization.

Purpose:
We compared the effects of 2 staffing patterns in conjunction with the use of an electronic surveillance system on patient falls on an inpatient medical unit.

Methods:
Study participants were randomized to receive electronic surveillance system monitoring with a dedicated rounder or electronic surveillance system without a dedicated rounder. Falls during the study period were analyzed.

Results:
Of 1032 patients, there were 8 falls during the 3-month study. Six falls occurred in the intervention group, with no rounder, and 2 occurred in the group with a dedicated rounder. The data showed no statistical significance but had clinical implications.

Conclusion:
In response to our findings, the dedicated rounder will function as a mobility technician, providing support to our nursing staff and a resource for fall risk patients.
Primary Rhinoplasty Does Not Interfere with Nasal Growth: A Long-Term Three-Dimensional Morphometric Outcome Study in Patients with Unilateral Cleft
Authors: Seo Hyung Joon , Denadai Rafael , Vamvanij Natthacha , Chinpaisarn Chatchawarn , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Primary rhinoplasty has not been universally adopted because the potential for nasal growth impairment remains an unsolved issue in cleft care. This study’s purpose was to assess the long-term effects of primary rhinoplasty performed by a single surgeon in a cohort of patients with a unilateral cleft lip nose deformity.

Methods:
Three-dimensional nasal morphometric measurements (linear, angular, proportional, surface area, and volume) were collected from consecutive patients (cleft group, n = 52; mean age, 19 ± 1 year) who had undergone primary rhinoplasty with the use of the Noordhoff approach between 1995 and 2002 and reached skeletal maturity. Normal age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched subjects (control group, n = 52) were identified for comparative analyses.

Results:
No significant differences (all p > 0.05) were observed for most measures, including nasal height, alar width, nasal dorsum angle, columellar angle, columellar-labial angle, nasal tip/height ratio, nasal index, alar width/intercanthal distance ratio, nasal surface area, and nasal volume. The cleft group displayed significantly (all p < 0.05) lower nasal bridge length and nasal tip projection, and greater nasal protrusion, tip/midline deviation, nasal tip angle, nasal tip protrusion width index, and alar width/mouth ratio values than the control group.

Conclusions:
Primary rhinoplasty does not interfere with nasal growth as measured by three-dimensional photogrammetric analysis. Further imaging studies are required for the assessment of development in other anatomical nasal structures.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Evolutionary context can clarify teleosts gene names
Authors: Gasanov E.V. , Jędrychowska J. , Kuźnicki J. , Korzh V. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe initial convention to name genes relied on historical precedent, order in the human genome or mutants in model systems. However, partial duplication of genes in teleosts required naming the duplicated genes, so ohnologs adopted the ‘a’ or ‘b’ extension. Rapid advances in deciphering the zebrafish genome in relation to the human genome instituted naming genes in all other fish genomes in the convention of zebrafish. Unfortunately, some ohnologs and their resembling orthologs suffered from incorrect nomenclature, which created confusion in particular instances like establishing disease models. We sought to overcome this barrier by establishing theex silicoevolutionary-based systematic approach to naming the ohnologs in teleosts and other fish. We compared gene synteny using the spotted gar genome as the reference, which represents the unduplicated ancestral state. Using new criteria, we identified several hundreds of potentially misnamed ohnologs and validated manually several ohnologs as a proof pf principle. This may help to establish a standard naming practice resulting in the improved evolutionary-based gene nomenclature. This approach may help to identify and rename ohnologs in all relevant EMBL-EBI and NCBI databases starting from the zebrafish genome to avoid further proliferation of misleading information.
An unusual MHC molecule generates protective CD8+ T cell responses to chronic infection
Authors: Tsitsiklis A. , Bangs D.J. , Lutes L.K. , Chan S-W. , Geiger K. , Modzelewski A.J. , Labarta-Bajo L. , Wang Y. , Zuniga E.I. , Dai S. , Robey E.A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe CD8+ T cell response to the intracellular parasiteToxoplasma gondiivaries dramatically between mouse strains, resulting in differences in control of the parasite. Protection in BALB/c mice can be attributed to an unusually strong and protective MHC-1 Ld-restricted CD8+ T cell response directed against a peptide derived from the parasite antigen GRA6. The MHC-1 Ldmolecule has limited peptide binding compared to conventional MHC molecules such as Kbor Db, which correlates with polymorphisms associated with “elite control” of HIV in humans. To investigate the link between the unusual MHC-1 molecule Ldand the generation of “elite controller” CD8+ T cell responses, we compared the GRA6-Ldspecific T cell response to the well-studied OVA-Kbspecific response, and demonstrated that GRA6-Ldspecific T cells are significantly more protective and resistant to exhaustion in chronicT. gondiiinfection. To further investigate the connection between limited peptide presentation and robust T cell responses, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mice with a point mutation (W97R) in the peptide-binding groove of Ldthat results in broader peptide binding. We investigated the effect of this LdW97R mutation on another robust Ld-restricted response against the IE1 peptide during Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. This mutation leads to an increase in exhaustion markers in the IE1-Ldspecific CD8+ T cell response. Our results indicate that limited peptide binding by MHC-1 Ldcorrelates with the development of robust and protective CD8+ T cell responses that may avoid exhaustion during chronic infection.