bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genus Six Curves, K3 Surfaces, and Stable Pairs
Authors: Goluboff J Ross 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A general smooth curve of genus six lies on a quintic del Pezzo surface. Artebani and Kondō [4] construct a birational period map for genus six curves by taking ramified double covers of del Pezzo surfaces. The map is not defined for special genus six curves. In this paper, we construct a smooth Deligne–Mumford stack ${\mathfrak{P}}_0$ parametrizing certain stable surface-curve pairs, which essentially resolves this map. Moreover, we give an explicit description of pairs in ${\mathfrak{P}}_0$ containing special curves.
Reproductive Biology and Evidence of Diapause in the Cowpea Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Riley David G , Barwick Sydni , Sparks Alton N , Harty Thomas , Hamadi Negin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been the most destructive insect pest of black-eyed peas or cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata L. (Fabales: Fabaceae), over the last century in the southeastern United States. The historical distribution of this semitropical pest suggests the likelihood that diapause plays a key role in the overwintering success in parts of the United States. However, this report is the first to document biological evidence for diapause in C. aeneus. Our study assessed larval emergence from cowpea pods in the summer to fall growing seasons, egg development in female adults over the first (summer) and second (fall) generations, and adult emergence from infested soil after the first and second generations. There was a clear reduction in larval emergence from summer to fall. Egg and follicle development in female C. aeneus dropped off dramatically by September of each year. There was an extended emergence pattern of weevil adults from the soil in the fall as compared to the summer generation. Any future regional management of cowpea curculio will have to take into account the ability of this insect to diapause, thereby increasing its capacity to overwinter in regions where the cowpea crop, a warm-season, semitropical plant, is terminated with winter freezing temperatures.
Revisiting separation: Algorithms and complexity
Authors: Oliveira Daniel , Rasga João 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Linear temporal logic (LTL) with Since and Until modalities is expressively equivalent, over the class of complete linear orders, to a fragment of first-order logic known as FOMLO (first-order monadic logic of order). It turns out that LTL, under some basic assumptions, is expressively complete if and only if it has the property, called separation, that every formula is equivalent to a Boolean combination of formulas that each refer only to the past, present or future. Herein we present simple algorithms and their implementations to perform separation of the LTL with Since and Until, over discrete and complete linear orders, and translation from FOMLO formulas into equivalent temporal logic formulas. We additionally show that the separation of a certain fragment of LTL results in at most a double exponential size growth.
Spatiotemporal dynamics in vital rates of Humboldt’s flying squirrels and Townsend’s chipmunks in a late-successional forest
Authors: Weldy Matt , Epps Clinton W , Lesmeister Damon B , Manning Tom , Forsman Eric D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Knowledge of the spatiotemporal variability of abundance and vital rates is essential to the conservation of wildlife populations. In Pacific Northwest forests, previous small mammal research has focused on estimating abundance; few studies have focused on vital rates. We used robust design temporal symmetry models and live-trapping data collected 2011–2016 at nine sites to estimate apparent annual survival, population growth rate, and recruitment of Humboldt’s flying squirrels (Glaucomys oregonensis) and Townsend’s chipmunks (Neotamias townsendii) in a late-successional forest of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, United States. We also estimated the proportional contribution of apparent annual survival and recruitment to population growth rate. Covariates previously associated with abundance were also associated with vital rates for Townsend’s chipmunks, but less so for Humboldt’s flying squirrels. Apparent annual survival was nearly constant (range = 0.47 to 0.51) among years and sites for Humboldt’s flying squirrels but was consistently lower and more variable among years for Townsend’s chipmunks (range = 0.13 to 0.31). Recruitment was variable among years for both species. Apparent annual survival generally contributed more than recruitment to the population growth rate of Humboldt’s flying squirrels. For Townsend’s chipmunks, recruitment consistently contributed more than apparent annual survival to population growth rate. These findings suggest that life history strategies differed for these co-occurring species. This study demonstrates substantial temporal variation in vital rates and some differences in abundance and vital rate habitat associations, suggesting that habitat suitability inferences based on short time series or variation in abundance could be misleading.
A Prospective Study of Circulating Chemokines and Angiogenesis Markers and Risk of Multiple Myeloma and Its Precursor
Authors: Hofmann Jonathan N , Landgren Ola , Landy Rebecca , Kemp Troy J , Santo Loredana , McShane Charlene M , Shearer Joseph J , Lan Qing , Rothman Nathaniel , Pinto Ligia A , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Hildesheim Allan , Katki Hormuzd A , Purdue Mark P 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundExperimental and clinical studies have implicated certain chemokines and angiogenic cytokines in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis. To investigate whether systemic concentrations of these markers are associated with future MM risk and progression from its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), we conducted a prospective study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.MethodsWe measured concentrations of 45 immunologic and pro-angiogenic markers in sera from 241 MM case patients, 441 participants with nonprogressing MGUS, and 258 MGUS-free control participants using Luminex-based multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. We also evaluated absolute risk of progression using weighted Kaplan-Meier estimates. All statistical tests were two-sided.ResultsPrediagnostic levels of six markers were statistically significantly elevated among MM case patients compared with MGUS-free control participants using a false discovery rate of 10% (EGF, HGF, Ang-2, CXCL12, CCL8, and BMP-9). Of these, three angiogenesis markers were associated with future progression from MGUS to MM: EGF (fourth vs first quartile: OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.61 to 5.63, Ptrend = .00028), HGF (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.33 to 5.03, Ptrend = .015), and Ang-2 (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.15 to 3.98, Ptrend = .07). A composite angiogenesis biomarker score substantially stratified risk of MGUS progression to MM beyond established risk factors for progression, particularly during the first 5 years of follow-up (areas under the curve of 0.71 and 0.64 with and without the angiogenesis marker score, respectively).ConclusionsOur prospective findings provide new insights into mechanisms involved in MM development and suggest that systemic angiogenesis markers could potentially improve risk stratification models for MGUS patients.
Cancer-Attributable Medical Costs for Colorectal Cancer Patients by Phases of Care: What Is the Effect of a Prior Cancer History?
Authors: Mariotto Angela B , Warren Joan L , Zeruto Chris , Coughlan Diarmuid , Barrett Michael J , Zhao Lirong , Yabroff K Robin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Medical care costing studies have excluded patients with a prior cancer history. This study aims to update methods for estimating medical care costs attributable to cancer and to evaluate the effect of a prior history of cancer on costs for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data and matched cancer patients to controls without cancer to estimate cancer-attributable costs by phases of care using Medicare 2007–2013 claims. CRC annualized average cancer-attributable costs were $56.0 K, $5.3 K, $92.5 K, and $24.3 K in the initial, continuing, and end-of-life cancer and noncancer death phases, respectively, in 2014 dollars. Costs were higher for patients diagnosed with more advanced stage, younger ages, and nonwhite races. Costs for patients with prior cancers were consistently higher than patients without prior cancers, especially in the continuing (4.9 K vs 7.2 K) and end-of-life noncancer death (22.7 K vs 30.0 K). Our CRC costs improve previous estimates by using more recent data and updated methods.
Development and Evaluation of a Process to Link Cancer Patients in the SEER Registries to National Medicaid Enrollment Data
Authors: Warren Joan L , Benner Suzie , Stevens Jennifer , Enewold Lindsey , Huang Bin , Zhao Lirong , Tilahun Negussie , Bradley Cathy J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cancer patients receiving Medicaid have worse prognosis. Patients in 14 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries were linked to national Medicaid enrollment files, 2006–2013, to determine enrollment status during the year before and after diagnosis. A deterministic algorithm based on Social Security number, Medicare Health Insurance Claim number, sex, and date of birth was utilized. Results were compared with an independent linkage of Kentucky-based SEER and Medicaid data. A total 559 484 cancer cases were linked to national Medicaid enrollment files, representing 15–17% of persons with cancer yearly. About 60% of these cases were a complete match on all variables. There was 99% agreement on enrollment status compared with the Kentucky linked data. SEER data were successfully linked to national Medicaid enrollment data. NCI will make the linked data available to researchers, allowing for more detailed assessments of the impact Medicaid enrollment has on cancer diagnosis and outcomes.
A critical legal history of French banking and industrialisation: an alternative to the law and development framework
Authors: Moudud Jamee K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Money is central to production and the constitutional theory of money has emphasised its fundamentally public foundations, with flows of credit being demand-determined. Using France as a case study, this paper challenges the Law and Development framework by discussing law’s constitutive role in promoting industrialisation via the mobilisation of credit.
Crafting the lawful truth: Chile’s 1990 Truth Commission, international human rights and the museum of memory
Authors: Vázquez Guevara Valeria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between Chile’s 1990 Truth Commission (TC) and international human rights law (IHRL) through an ethnography of Chile’s Memory Museum. It shows how the Museum gives continuity to the TC’s lawful truth and subordinates lawful truths that are not informed, mediated and grounded by IHRL.
Surgical Nuances of Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Craniopharyngiomas: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Almeida Joao Paulo , Vescan Allan , Gentili Fred 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Understanding of the microsurgical anatomy of the sella and suprasellar space is necessary for successful selection of surgical approaches and resection of craniopharyngiomas. Endoscopic endonasal surgery provides excellent exposure of the suprasellar space and has become the approach of choice for most of those tumors. In this video, we discuss the anatomical and surgical nuances for resection of craniopharyngiomas via an endoscopic transtuberculum transplanum approach. Anatomical dissections and a clinical case are used to illustrate the technique.
This is the case of a 52-yr-old woman who presented to our clinic with a history of progressive visual decline and headaches, but no hormonal deficiencies. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the presence of a sella suprasellar solid cystic lesion suggestive of a craniopharyngioma. The lesion was mainly located anterior to the chiasm, preinfundibular and medial to the posterior-communicating artery. Considering the patient presented with no hormonal deficits, it was decided to proceed with an endoscopic extended approach for maximum tumor resection while attempting to preserve the pituitary stalk and gland and its function. The patient provided consent to undergo the procedure and for the surgical video. After a binostril approach and harvesting of vascularized flap, a large sphenoidotomy was performed, followed by a transtuberculum transplanum approach. The tumor was resected with blunt and sharp dissection with careful preservation of the branches of the superior hypophyseal and posterior-communicating arteries. Closure was performed in a multilayer fashion, with dura substitute, fascia lata, and vascularized flap. The patient had visual improvement after surgery and was discharged at postoperative day 5 with no complications.
Anatomical dissection pictures © 2019 Joao Paulo Almeida, MD. Used with permission.
Neural Compensation Mechanisms of Siblings of Schizophrenia Patients as Revealed by High-Density EEG
Authors: da Cruz Janir R , Shaqiri Albulena , Roinishvili Maya , Favrod Ophélie , Chkonia Eka , Brand Andreas , Figueiredo Patrícia , Herzog Michael H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Visual backward masking (VBM) deficits are candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia indexing genetic liability of the disorder. In VBM, a target is followed by a mask that deteriorates target perception. Schizophrenia patients and, to a lesser extent, their unaffected relatives show strong and reproducible VBM deficits. In patients, VBM deficits are associated with strongly decreased amplitudes in the evoked-related potentials (ERPs). Here, to unveil the neural mechanisms of VBM in schizophrenia, circumventing illness-specific confounds, we investigated the electroencephalogram correlates of VBM in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients. We tested 110 schizophrenia patients, 60 siblings, and 83 healthy controls. As in previous studies, patients showed strong behavioral deficits and decreased ERP amplitudes compared to controls. Surprisingly, the ERP amplitudes of siblings were even higher than the ones of controls, while their performances were similar. ERP amplitudes in siblings were found to correlate with performance. These results suggest that VBM is deteriorated in patients and siblings. However, siblings, unlike patients, can partially compensate for the deficits by over-activating a network of brain regions.
Bridging the Divide: Student Grand Rounds at the Interface of Basic Science and Clinical Medicine
Authors: Hollenhorst Marie A. , Braun David A. , Burtner Christopher R. , Cajigas Iahn , Cunningham-Bussel Amy C. , Eser Pinar Ö. , Nabel Christopher S. , Tsai Frederick D. , Weeks Lachelle D. , Michel Thomas , Yialamas Maria A. 
Published: December 2019

Problem
As biomedical research and clinical medicine become increasingly complex, physician–scientists and clinically oriented biomedical researchers play important roles in bridging the gap between disciplines. A lack of educational programming that addresses the unique needs of students preparing for careers at the interface of basic science and clinical medicine may contribute to trainee attrition.

Approach
The MD–PhD/LHB Grand Rounds was introduced in 2008 as a trainee-driven collaborative effort of the Harvard/Massachusetts Institute of Technology MD–PhD program at Harvard Medical School (HMS MD–PhD program), Harvard’s Leder Human Biology and Translational Medicine (LHB) program, and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) Internal Medicine Department. Each of the program’s approximately 4 sessions per year begins with dinner, followed by a clinical case presentation led by a BWH MD–PhD resident with a master clinician faculty discussant, then a research presentation by an LHB PhD student or an MD–PhD student on a basic science topic related to the clinical case, and time for socialization.

Outcomes
In a July 2017 survey of participating students and residents, respondents reported being highly satisfied with the program. Mean satisfaction ratings were 4.3 (SD 0.5) for 12 MD–PhD students, 4.2 (SD 0.7) for 31 LHB students, and 4.4 (SD 0.9) for 5 residents on a 5-point scale (5 = very satisfied). Free-text responses suggested MD–PhD students valued opportunities for active engagement with the resident presenter and faculty discussant. LHB students appreciated the absence of medical jargon in the clinical presentations. Residents’ reported reasons for participating included enjoyment of teaching and interaction with students.

Next Steps
The Harvard MD–PhD/LHB Grand Rounds can serve as a template for developing similar programs at other institutions. Research is needed to determine whether such grand rounds programs can help fix the leaky pipeline in the training of future physician–scientists and clinically oriented biomedical researchers.
Oral Dimethyl Fumarate Reduces Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Rodents via NFE2L2 Antioxidant Signaling
Authors: Li Jiahe , Ma Jiacheng , Lacagnina Michael J. , Lorca Sabina , Odem Max A. , Walters Edgar T. , Kavelaars Annemieke , Grace Peter M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Available treatments for neuropathic pain have modest efficacy and significant adverse effects, including abuse potential. Because oxidative stress is a key mechanistic node for neuropathic pain, the authors focused on the master regulator of the antioxidant response—nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2; Nrf2)—as an alternative target for neuropathic pain. The authors tested whether dimethyl fumarate (U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for multiple sclerosis) would activate NFE2L2 and promote antioxidant activity to reverse neuropathic pain behaviors and oxidative stress-dependent mechanisms.

Methods
Male Sprague Dawley rats, and male and female wild type and Nfe2l2
-/- mice were treated with oral dimethyl fumarate/vehicle for 5 days (300 mg/kg; daily) after spared nerve injury/sham surgery (n = 5 to 8 per group). Allodynia was measured in von Frey reflex tests and hyperalgesia in operant conflict-avoidance tests. Ipsilateral L4/5 dorsal root ganglia were assayed for antioxidant and cytokine/chemokine levels, and mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity.

Results
Dimethyl fumarate treatment reversed mechanical allodynia (injury-vehicle, 0.45 ± 0.06 g [mean ± SD]; injury-dimethyl fumarate, 8.2 ± 0.16 g; P < 0.001) and hyperalgesia induced by nerve injury (injury-vehicle, 2 of 6 crossed noxious probes; injury-dimethyl fumarate, 6 of 6 crossed; P = 0.013). The antiallodynic effect of dimethyl fumarate was lost in nerve-injured Nfe2l2
-/- mice, but retained in nerve-injured male and female wild type mice (wild type, 0.94 ± 0.25 g; Nfe2l2
-/-, 0.02 ± 0.01 g; P < 0.001). Superoxide dismutase activity was increased by dimethyl fumarate after nerve injury (injury-vehicle, 3.96 ± 1.28 mU/mg; injury-dimethyl fumarate, 7.97 ± 0.47 mU/mg; P < 0.001). Treatment reduced the injury-dependent increases in cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1β (injury-vehicle, 13.30 ± 2.95 pg/mg; injury-dimethyl fumarate, 6.33 ± 1.97 pg/mg; P = 0.022). Injury-impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, including basal respiratory capacity, were restored by dimethyl fumarate treatment (P = 0.025).

Conclusions
Dimethyl fumarate, a nonopioid and orally-bioavailable drug, alleviated nociceptive hypersensitivity induced by peripheral nerve injury via activation of NFE2L2 antioxidant signaling. Dimethyl fumarate also resolved neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction—oxidative stress-dependent mechanisms that drive nociceptive hypersensitivity after nerve injury.
Functional Outcomes of Unstable Ankle Fractures in Adolescents
Authors: Lurie Benjamin M. , Bomar James D. , Edmonds Eric W. , Pennock Andrew T. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The purpose of this study was to describe the functional outcomes and complications of unstable supination external rotation (SER) and pronation external rotation (PER) ankle fractures in adolescents. A secondary outcome was to compare functional outcomes of SER stage IV injuries that were treated definitively with closed reduction and cast application to a similar group of minimally displaced fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Methods:
A retrospective review of adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with unstable ankle fractures treated at a single institution between 2009 and 2017 was conducted. All patients had functional outcomes data from the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure obtained at a minimum of 1-year follow-up.

Results:
In total, 67 adolescents (41 SER, 26 PER) were included (mean follow-up: 52.3±24.8 mo). A total of 56 were treated with ORIF and 11 were closed reduced and casted. No patients treated nonsurgically had a loss of reduction and none required subsequent surgical intervention. Preoperative radiographic predictors of syndesmotic injury (>6 mm of tibiofibular clear space or <2 mm of tibiofibular overlap) were not sensitive and only moderately specific predictors of intraoperative syndesmotic injury. There was no difference in functional outcome between the 11 SER stage IV fractures treated nonoperatively and a group of minimally displaced SER injuries treated with ORIF. Patients with open or partially open physes had better functional outcomes. Patients with syndesmotic injuries, medial malleolus fractures, or fracture-dislocations were not associated with lower functional outcome scores in our adolescent cohort.

Conclusions:
Unstable SER and PER injuries in adolescents have favorable functional outcomes at intermediate-term follow-up, though a minority continue to have impaired ankle function. Minimally displaced SER stage IV injuries with near anatomic alignment after closed reduction can be successfully treated with continued closed management, and have no difference in functional outcomes compared with similar injuries treated with ORIF.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.