bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site‐Specific Incorporation of a Photoactivatable Fluorescent Amino Acid
Authors: Tang Juan , Yu Chenfei , Loredo Axel , Chen Yuda , Xiao Han 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotoactivatable fluorophores are emerging optical probes for biological applications. Most photoactivatable fluorophores are relatively large in size and need to be activated by ultraviolet light; this dramatically limits their applications. To introduce photoactivatable fluorophores into proteins, recent investigations have explored several protein‐labeling technologies, including fluorescein arsenical hairpin (FlAsH) Tag, HaloTag labeling, SNAPTag labeling, and other bioorthogonal chemistry‐based methods. However, these technologies require a multistep labeling process. Here, by using genetic code expansion and a single sulfur‐for‐oxygen atom replacement within an existing fluorescent amino acid, we have site‐specifically incorporated the photoactivatable fluorescent amino acid thioacridonylalanine (SAcd) into proteins in a single step. Moreover, upon exposure to visible light, SAcd can be efficiently desulfurized to its oxo derivatives, thus restoring the strong fluorescence of labeled proteins.
Semaphorin3A released from human dental pulp cells inhibits the increase in interleukin‐6 and CXC chemokine ligand 10 production induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α through suppression of nuclear factor‐κB activation
Authors: Shindo Satoru , Kumagai Tomoki , Shirawachi Satomi , Takeda Katsuhiro , Shiba Hideki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman dental pulp cells (HDPCs) play an important role in pulpitis. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A), which is an axon guidance molecule, is a member of the secretory semaphorin family. Recently, Sema3A has been reported to be an osteoprotective factor and to be involved in the immune response. However, the role of Sema3A in dental pulp inflammation remains unknown. The aim of this study was to reveal the existence of Sema3A in human dental pulp tissue and the effect of Sema3A which is released from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐stimulated HDPCs on production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐6 and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), from HDPCs stimulated with TNF‐α. Sema3A was detected in inflamed pulp as compared to normal pulp. HDPCs expressed Neuropilin‐1(Nrp1) which is Sema3A receptor. TNF‐α increased the levels of IL‐6 and CXCL10 in HDPCs in time‐dependent manner. Sema3A inhibited production of these two cytokines from TNF‐α‐stimulated HDPCs. TNF‐α induced soluble Sema3A production from HDPCs. Moreover, antibody‐based neutralization of Sema3A further promoted production of IL‐6 and CXCL10 from TNF‐α‐stimulated HDPCs. Sema3A inhibited nuclear factor (NF)‐κB P65 phosphorylation and inhibitor κBα degradation in TNF‐α‐stimulated HDPCs. These results indicated that Sema3A is induced in human dental pulp, and TNF‐α acts on HDPCs to produce Sema3A, which partially inhibits the increase in IL‐6 and CXCL10 production induced by TNF‐α, and that the inhibition leads to suppression of NF‐κB activation. Therefore, it is suggested that Sema3A may regulate inflammation in dental pulp and be novel antiinflammatory target molecule for pulpitis.
Chemoenzymatic Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted γ‐ or δ‐lactams with Two Chiral Centers via Transaminase‐catalysed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Dong Wenyue , Yao Peiyuan , Wang Yingang , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe biocatalytic stereoselective synthesis of lactams with two chiral centers by a dynamic kinetic resolution strategy is demonstrated. Five transaminases were examined for the transamination of chemically synthesized substituted γ‐ or δ‐keto esters. The application of (R)‐ and (S)‐selective enzymes led to the corresponding chiral amines with moderate to high diastereomeric ratios and excellent enantiomeric excess, followed by the formation of γ‐ or δ‐lactams in some cases. Reaction conditions including pH, co‐solvent and ratio of amine donor vs. acceptor were optimised. The stereoselective biotransaminations were performed at semi‐preparative scale, successfully generating the corresponding lactams or amine in 46–70 % isolated yields, up to 99 : 1 diastereomeric ratios and >99 % ee values. This study represents a promising approach to the biocatalytic synthesis of important γ‐ and δ‐lactams with two chiral centers.
Recent Advances in Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors and Their Applications in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Peng Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted wide research interests in the past decades. In recent years, our group mainly focused on the new photovoltaic materials design and device engineering technologies for highly efficient OSCs. This account mainly summarizes our recent studies on the structural design of wide bandgap (WBG) polymers and their morphology control as well as applications in OSCs. Additionally, we introduce our work on binary and ternary blend devices and tandem solar cells containing these materials.What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?We focus on design and synthesis of high‐performance organic semiconductors for photovoltaic applications. Our interests are exploring the relationships between the conjugated molecular structures and their photovoltaic properties.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?When I was in Singapore and USA as a postdoctoral research fellow, I found that the energy crisis and environmental pollution were becoming more and more serious. I believed that organic solar cell (OSC) would be sprung up in the near future and I needed to do something about it.Therefore, I begun to follow with interest the OSCs in 2006 and got into this field in 2007.How do you supervise your students?I am in pursuit of development on self‐thinking abilities of my students. More specifically, encourage and guide the students to find the problems, analyze the problems and figure out some ways to resolve the problems.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Intelligence, diligence and perseverance.What is your favorite journal(s)?Those journals with high scientific nature and good timeliness. Also, the reported results shall be reliable and repeated easily.
Recent Advances of Trifluoromethoxylation Reactions Using TFMS and TFBO
Authors: Jiang Xiaohuan , Tang Pingping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe OCF3 group has good metabolic stability, suitable lipophilicity and special electrical properties, which can modify the properties of drugs and material molecules. In recent years, trifluoromethoxy compounds have received more and more attention. Both new reagents and new trifluoromethoxylation strategies got a breakthrough. Our group has been committed to the development of trifluoromethoxylation reagents and methods. This account focuses on describing various trifluoromethoxylation reactions with trifluoromethyl sulfonates (TFMS) and (E)‐O‐trifluoromethyl‐benzaldoximes (TFBO) developed by our group.What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Trifluoromethyl sulfonates (TFMS) and various trifluoromethoxylation reactions.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I got into fluorine chemistry during my postdoctoral period. The importance of fluorine chemistry in medical and material fields inspired me to put my heart and soul into fluorine chemistry. The criterion I always persist in is “Keep arming yourself before opportunities come”.How do you supervise your students?Guide and inspire students in the research direction. Do not kill students' ideas. Let them do what they want.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Perseverance, thinking, learning and diligence.What's your hobbies?I like sports, especially playing ping‐pong.How do you keep balance between research and family?I spend every weekend with my family. And the support and understanding from my family made me more motivated to throw myself into work.
Photofunction‐Directed Coordination Molecular Engineering
Authors: Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolecular engineering has emerged as a highly interdisciplinary field of study on function‐directed molecular design, material synthesis, and property optimization, accompanied by a deep understanding of the structure‐property relationship. In this review, our recent progress on the design and preparations of photofunctional metal complexes and related materials is summarized from the perspective of coordination molecular engineering. In particular, a series of cyclometalated diruthenium complexes with near‐infrared (NIR) electrochromic property have been synthesized by engineering the bridging ligand structures. A group of ruthenium‐amine conjugated complexes with multistage NIR electrochromism are obtained on the basis of a multicenter strategy. By engineering the ligand structures, a series of new ruthenium and platinum complexes are synthesized to show switchable luminescence in response to various stimuli. In addition, photoluminescent ruthenium, iridium, and platinum complexes are assembled to afford micro/nanocrystals with well‐defined morphology and luminescent properties.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Ruthenium‐triarylamine conjugated system is one of my favorite topics.How do you get into this specific field?Molecular materials with multistage redox processes and multiple near‐ infrared absorptions are a challenging task in the field of electrochromism and molecular switching. The combination of cyclometalated ruthenium complexes and triarylamines allows us to solve this issue by using a multicenter strategy with a great structural and functional diversity.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Personally, I consider honesty, curiosity, and persistence are the most important and fundamental personalities in carrying out scientific research.What's your hobbies?I enjoy playing basketball and watching basketball matches in leisuretime.How do you keep balance between research and family?I like managing time by prioritizing daily tasks. If time permits, I'm glad to join family activities in cooking, walking, exercising, etc. I always appreciate and support my wife's career and my daughter's studies, from which I receive their returns in support of my career.Could you please give us some advices on improving Chinese Journal of Chemistry?Chin. J. Chem. is a classical and influential journal of chemistry. The impact of the journal keeps increasing especially in recent years. In my point of view, it would be helpful for the journal by keeping a balance among different subjects of chemistry while welcoming manuscripts on material and energy‐related interdisciplinary researches. In addition, in order to further boost its global reputation, I would like to suggest inviting more international scientists to contribute to the journal.
Remarkable response to cardiac resynchronization therapy via left bundle branch pacing in patients with true left bundle branch block
Authors: Guo Jincun , Li Linlin , Xiao Guosheng , Ye Tao , Huang Xinyi , Meng Fanqi , Li Qiang , Chen Simei , Cai Binni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has been suggested as an alternative means to deliver cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).HypothesisLBBP may deliver resynchronization therapy along with an advantage over traditional biventricular (BiV) pacing in clinical outcomes.MethodsHeart failure patients who presented LBBB morphology according to Strauss's criteria and received successful CRT procedure were enrolled in the present study. Propensity score matching was applied to match patients into LBBP‐CRT group and BiV‐CRT group. Then, the electrographic data, the echocardiographic data and New York heart association (NYHA) class were compared between the groups.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with successful LBBP procedure and another 21 matched patients with successful BiV‐CRT procedure were finally enrolled in the study. The QRS duration (QRSd) was narrowed from 167.7 ± 14.9 ms to 111.7 ± 12.3 ms (P < .0001) in the LBBP‐CRT group and from 163.6 ± 13.8 ms to 130.1 ± 14.0 ms (P < .0001) in the BiV‐CRT group. A trend toward better left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was recorded in the LBBP‐CRT group (50.9 ± 10.7% vs 44.4 ± 13.3%, P = .12) compared to that in the BiV‐CRT group at the 6‐month follow‐up. A trend toward better echocardiographic response was documented in patients receiving LBBP‐CRT procedure (90.5% vs 80.9%, P = .43) and more super CRT response was documented in the LBBP‐CRT group (80.9% vs 57.1%, P = .09) compared to that in the BiV‐CRT group.ConclusionsLBBP‐CRT can dramatically improve the electrical synchrony in heart failure patients with LBBB. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional BiV‐CRT, it has a tendency to significantly improve LVEF and enhance the NYHA cardiac function scores.
Aversive teaching signals from individual dopamine neurons in larval Drosophila show qualitative differences in their temporal “fingerprint”
Authors: Weiglein Aliće , Thoener Juliane , Feldbruegge Irina , Warzog Louisa , Mancini Nino , Schleyer Michael , Gerber Bertram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDopamine serves many functions, and dopamine neurons are correspondingly diverse. We use a combination of optogenetics, behavioral experiments, and high‐resolution video‐tracking to probe for the functional capacities of two single, identified dopamine neurons in larval Drosophila. The DAN‐f1 and the DAN‐d1 neuron were recently found to carry aversive teaching signals during Pavlovian olfactory learning. We enquire into a fundamental feature of these teaching signals, namely their temporal “fingerprint”. That is, receiving punishment feels bad, whereas being relieved from it feels good, and animals and humans alike learn with opposite valence about the occurrence and the termination of punishment (the same principle applies in the appetitive domain, with opposite sign). We find that DAN‐f1 but not DAN‐d1 can mediate such timing‐dependent valence reversal: presenting an odor before DAN‐f1 activation leads to learned avoidance of the odor (punishment memory), whereas presenting the odor upon termination of DAN‐f1 activation leads to learned approach (relief memory). In contrast, DAN‐d1 confers punishment memory only. These effects are further characterized in terms of the impact of the duration of optogenetic activation, the temporal stability of the memories thus established, and the specific microbehavioral patterns of locomotion through which they are expressed. Together with recent findings in the appetitive domain and from adult Drosophila, our results suggest that heterogeneity in the temporal fingerprint of teaching signals might be a more general principle of reinforcement processing through dopamine neurons.
Strict Inequality for the Chemical Distance Exponent in Two‐Dimensional Critical Percolation
Authors: Damron Michael , Hanson Jack , Sosoe Philippe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe provide the first nontrivial upper bound for the chemical distance exponent in two‐dimensional critical percolation. Specifically, we prove that the expected length of the shortest horizontal crossing path of a box of side length n in critical percolation on ℤ2 is bounded by Cn2 − δπ3(n) for some δ > 0, where π3(n) is the “three‐arm probability to distance n.” This implies that the ratio of this length to the length of the lowest crossing is bounded by an inverse power of n with high probability. In the case of site percolation on the triangular lattice, we obtain a strict upper bound for the exponent of 4/3.The proof builds on the strategy developed in our previous paper, but with a new iterative scheme, and a new large deviation inequality for events in annuli conditional on arm events, which may be of independent interest. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
From distributed machine learning to federated learning: In the view of data privacy and security
Authors: Shen Sheng , Zhu Tianqing , Wu Di , Wang Wei , Zhou Wanlei 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFederated learning is an improved version of distributed machine learning that further offloads operations which would usually be performed by a central server. The server becomes more like an assistant coordinating clients to work together rather than micromanaging the workforce as in traditional DML. One of the greatest advantages of federated learning is the additional privacy and security guarantees it affords. Federated learning architecture relies on smart devices, such as smartphones and IoT sensors, that collect and process their own data, so sensitive information never has to leave the client device. Rather, clients train a submodel locally and send an encrypted update to the central server for aggregation into the global model. These strong privacy guarantees make federated learning an attractive choice in a world where data breaches and information theft are common and serious threats. This survey outlines the landscape and latest developments in data privacy and security for federated learning. We identify the different mechanisms used to provide privacy and security, such as differential privacy, secure multiparty computation and secure aggregation. We also survey the current attack models, identifying the areas of vulnerability and the strategies adversaries use to penetrate federated systems. The survey concludes with a discussion on the open challenges and potential directions of future work in this increasingly popular learning paradigm.
Nitrogen Doping and Carbon Coating Affects Substrate Selectivity of TiO2 Photocatalytic Organic Pollutant Degradation
Authors: Zhang Yishu , Kirk Caroline , Robertson Neil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of carbon‐coated, nitrogen‐doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts was produced and characterized. N‐doped TiO2 powder samples were prepared using a sol‐gel method and subsequently used for making doped‐TiO2 thin films on glass substrates. Carbon layers were coated on the films by a thermal decomposition method using catechol. Diffuse reflectance spectra and Mott‐Schottky analyses of the samples proved that nitrogen doping and carbon coating can slightly lower the band gap of TiO2, broaden its absorption to visible light and enhance its n‐type character. According to photocatalytic tests against model contaminants, carbon‐coated nitrogen‐doped TiO2 films have better performance than simple TiO2 on the degradation of Rhodamine B dye molecules, but are poorly effective for degrading 4‐chlorophenol molecules. Several possible explanations are proposed for this result, supported by scavenging experiments. This reveals the importance of a broad substrate scope when assessing new photocatalytic materials for water treatment, something which is often overlooked in many literature studies.
Exploring the impact of corporate social responsibility on real earning management and discretionary accruals
Authors: Chen Roger C.Y. , Hung Shih‐Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) and earning management have become important to firm’s operation. Previous researches use of discretionary accruals (DA) as a proxy variable for earnings management can easily result in errors in empirical analysis. Thus, this study uses the CSR index proposed by Chen et al. 2013. Journal of American Business Review, 2, 181–188, discretional accrual and real earning management to examine the association with CSR, earning management, and firm value. The empirical results find that the firm engages CSR not only to increase more information transparency of CSR and creating interaction with stakeholders but also to reduce earning management phenomenon. When firm has lower CSR performance, it has prone to earning management. In addition, CSR performance can enhance firm value, but the firm engage CSR to cover up and shift attention away from earnings manipulation by managers, it would decrease firm value.
Towards Shell Biorefinery: Advances in Chemical‐Catalytic Conversion of Chitin Biomass to Organonitrogen Chemicals
Authors: Dai Jinhang , Li Fukun , Fu Xing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChitin is the most abundant biopolymer after cellulose but it has not been fully utilized yet. Because of biologically fixed nitrogen, effective conversion of chitin or its derivatives to value‐added organonitrogen compounds is a promising strategy to valorize chitin biomass, which has attracted increasing attention. Recently, a novel concept of shell biorefinery has been proposed on account of the huge potentials of chitin valorization. Until now, a number of valuable organonitrogen chemicals, including amino sugars, amino alcohols, amino acids, and heterocyclic compounds, have been produced from chitin biomass. In this Minireview, the focus is on the recent advances in the synthesis of organonitrogen chemicals employing chitin biomass as starting material via different catalytic processes. An outlook on the challenges and opportunities for more effective valorization of chitin will be given.
Diagnostic performance of the ClearLLab 10C B cell tube
Authors: Espasa Andrea , Torrents Silvia , Morales‐Indiano Cristian , Rico Laura G. , Bardina Jorge , Ancochea Agueda , Bistué‐Rovira Àngel , Linio Rosa , Raya Minerva , Vergara Sara , Juncà Jordi , Grifols Joan‐Ramon , Petriz Jordi , Soria Maria‐Gloria , Sorigue Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPre‐analytical and analytical errors can threaten the reliability of flow cytometry (FC) results. A potential solution to some of these is the use of dry, pre‐mixed antibodies, such as the ClearLLab 10C system. The purpose of the present study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the ClearLLab 10C B cell tube with that of our standard laboratory practice.MethodsWe compared the diagnoses made with the ClearLLab 10C B cell tube (experimental strategy) with those made with standard laboratory practice (standard strategy). Samples were selected aiming for representation of the full spectrum of B cell disorders, with an emphasis on mature B cell malignancies, as well as healthy controls.ResultsWe included 116 samples (34 normal controls, 4 acute lymphoblastic leukemias, 54 mature lymphoproliferative disorders in peripheral blood and bone marrow, 3 myelomas, 6 bone marrow samples with involvement by lymphoma and 1 with elevated hematogone count, 14 lymph node samples, 1 cerebrospinal fluid, and 1 pleural effusion). There were two diagnostic errors (1.7%). The agreement between the two strategies in the percentage of CD19 cells and fluorescence intensity of CD5, CD19, CD20, CD200, and CD10 was very good.ConclusionsIn this study, the ClearLLab 10C B cell tube performed similarly to our standard laboratory practice to diagnose and classify mature B cell malignancies.