bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Stapedotomy: A New Dimension to the Conventional Microscopic Procedure
Authors: Ghosh Bhaskar , Adhikary Bijan Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Endoscopes are not only complementing microscopic ear surgery but are also establishing their independent role in recent years.
Materials and Methods
This observational study was conducted from February 2018 to February 2019. Thirteen patients with clinical and audio-tympanometric features suggestive of stapedial otosclerosis underwent unilateral endoscopic stapedotomy from February to July 2018. They were followed up for a minimum of 6 months, till February 2019. Zero degree naso-endoscopes were exclusively used. Details of the surgical technique, its usefulness and subjective drawbacks are described.
Results
Two patients with sequel of otitis media with effusion evident at surgery were excluded. With a female predilection, the average age of the subjects was 31 years (range: 17-56 years). Curettage of the posterosuperior wall was needed in 7 patients; significant canalplasty was performed in 2 of them where the endoscope was difficult to negotiate. The chorda tympani required mobilization in only 3 patients, including those requiring significant canalplasty. Per-operative complications included injury to the chorda, tearing of tympanomeatal flap, and instability of the long process of incus in 1 patient each. One patient was lost to follow up. Average pre-operative bone conduction was 10±5dB with an air-bone gap at 35±5dB. At 6 months follow up, air-bone gap of <10dB was achieved in 5 patients, and that at10-20dB in 4. One patient developed moderate sensorineural component. Otherwise, there was no significant complication at 6 months following surgery.
Conclusion
Endoscopic stapedotomy is a safe and effective approach towards stapes surgery, with better surgical field of view and minimal tissue trauma
Use of Voice Handicap Index (VHI) as Predictor of Outcome of Non-surgical Treatment in Vocal Nodules
Authors: Hazra Sayan , Dubey Arya Brata , Das Arindam , Janweja Mridul 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Vocal Nodule is commonest benign vocal cord lesion which causes varying degree of dysphonia having serious impact on personal and professional well being. Voice Handicap Index (VHI) is a psychometrically validated tool for measuring pshycosocial handicapping effect of voice disorder.

Materials and Methods
From data available since last 18 months, patients who had undergone treatment for vocal nodule were selected as study population. In Group A, 50 patients were selected who required surgery and Group B, 50 patients who responded to medical treatment. Patients filled in VHI-30 form at time of diagnosis and subjected to voice therapy and adjunctive medical treatment for 1 month and reassessed using VHI-30. Successful treatment consisted of absence of pathology by laryngoscopy and decrease of VHI total score ≥18.

Results
The cut-off score was calculated using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). VHI cut-off of total score was 45 (Sensitivity 94%, Specificity76%). The cut-off score for functional, physical and emotional domains are 14(Sensitivity 94%, Specificity 64%) , 15(Sensitivity 92%, Specificity 60%) and 15(Sensitivity 90%, Specificity 66%) respectively.

Discussion
Hard consistency of nodules can explain refractoriness to speech therapy and higher VHI score. The physical subscale of VHI was higher among both groups indicating patients’ perceptions of laryngeal discomfort and voice output affected them more. According to our study patients with higher VHI score should be counselled for MLS at earliest instead of speech therapy for one month which would not have given good outcome.

Conclusion
These scores give a good idea about categories of patients who will not benefit by non-surgical treatment and hence early surgical intervention will obviate the duration of handicap and delay in appropriate treatment.
Effect of Intratympanic Dexamethasone in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Hembrom Rabi , Sen Indranil , Tamang Bina , Mandal Satadal , Chakrabarti Amit 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Oral steroids currently represent the standard treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injection for treating ‘Idiopathic sudden sensori-neural hearing loss’ (ISSNHL) not improved with conventional oral steroid.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study was conducted on 30 patients refractory to oral steroid therapy between June 2017 to May 2018. ‘Intratympanic dexamethasone injection’ (ITDI) was given every week for 3 consecutive weeks. Hearing was assessed by performing pure tone audiogram before every ITDI and also 1 week after the completion of treatment.
Results
Hearing improvement was found in 19 out of the 30 cases (63.3%).

Conclusions
Intratympanic dexamethasone significantly improves the prognosis of ISSNHL and is a safe, inexpensive and effective treatment.
Perichondrium - An Autologous Substitute for Temporalis Fascia in Type I Tympanoplasty: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kayet Bahnisikha , Dubey Aryabrata 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Temporalis fascia is the commonly used graft material for tympanic membrane reconstruction. Tragal perichondrium share with the fascia the quality of being mesenchymal tissue. In our study we compared perichondrium and temporalis fascia in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement.
Materials and Methods
All patients presenting with discharge from ear and decreased hearing were subjected to clinical examination and investigation. Patients satisfying inclusion criteria were included in study with total of 40 patients. Twenty underwent type1 tympanoplasty with temporalis fascia (TF) and another 20 patients with tragal perichondrium (TP). To evaluate success patients are evaluated at end of 6 months for graft uptake and 3 months for hearing results in audiological gain of 10 dB in two consecutive frequencies.
Results
Mean Pre-op AC Threshold in TF group was 30.75 dB±5.16 and Post-op AC Threshold was 14.15 dB±8.05. Mean Pre-op AC Threshold in TP group was 32.2 dB±4.81 and Post-op AC Threshold was 20.95 dB±7.14. Mean post-op AC Threshold, Mean Post-Op AB Gap and Mean Audiological Gain was statistically significant among 2 groups p=0.0075, p=0.0013, p=0.0294 respectively. Temporalis fascia was better than Tragal Perichondrium. Graft uptake in 2 groups was not significant (p=0.6325).
Conclusion
From the present study we may conclude that temporalis fascia, tragal perichondrium free grafts provide viable autograft material for tympanoplasty. Both achieve good hearing restoration but the improvement in hearing or audiological gain is better in temporalis fascia graft than in tragal perichondrium graft.
Efficacy and Safety of Duckbill Valve Voice Prosthesis in Comparison to Provox
Authors: Mukherjee Monoj , Das Siddhartha 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Voice rehabilitation is the most important issue after total laryngectomy as source of vibration is removed. Three options are there like esophageal voice, electrolarynx and surgical prosthetic voice. Best is the prosthetic speech as voice is generated by lung powered air column. Provox prosthesis is the standard on and most commonly used. But it is costly for the class of patients presenting to our government hospitals. Duckbill prosthesis is very economical and may be helpful for them. There is very limited number of studies with duckbill prosthesis.
Materials and Methods
Twenty two post-laryngectomy patients was selected for this study. Proper counselling was done regarding cost, pros and cons of Provox and Duckbill prosthesis. Fifteen patient selected Duckbill where as seven patient have chosen Provox prosthasis. Voice analysis was done after one month of speech therapy by perceptual voice analysis protocol. Safety and complications arising from prosthesis were also noted.
Results
There was no significant difference in quality of voice.Both prosthesis are safe if prolong use is avoided.
Conclusion
There is no significant difference in the quality and safety of both the prosthesis, but huge difference in cost is present. More over it is recurrent cost as it should be changed every year or earlier. One Provox costs around rupees fifty thousand whereas a duckbill prosthesis costs rupees one thousand approximately in Indian market.
Determining the Association of Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumours with ABO-Rh Blood Groups
Authors: Oroei Mahbobeh 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Various studies have proposed that some ABO blood groups may be associated with increased risk of cancer. Hence, we decided to conduct this study to investigate the relationship between ABO-Rh blood group and risk of salivary gland tumor.
Materials and Methods
In this study, 190 patients with salivary gland tumor and 400 healthy persons were investigated. Demographical information including ABO blood group of both groups were collected and analyzed using the SPSS 18 version. Binary logistic regression (univariate and multivariate model) were applied with 95% confidence interval.
Results
The most common blood group in patients with salivary gland tumor was blood group O. There was no significant relationship between the ABO blood group and salivary gland tumor risk (All; p>0.05). The blood group O and A were the most abundant blood groups in patients with the malignant and benign salivary gland tumor respectively (46.6%, 35.7%).The risk of malignancy of tumor in the patients with blood group O was marginal (1.84; 95%CI: 0.96-3.53, p: 0.06).
Conclusion
This study shows no relationship between ABO-Rh blood groups and salivary gland tumor risk. However, to reach a definitive conclusion about the risk of malignancy in blood group O, stronger studies are needed in the future.
An Innovative Technique to Repair Cervical Oesophageal Perforation using Oro-oesophageal Tube and AMBU
Authors: Gupta Manish , Datta Ginni 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Oesophageal perforation is a rare condition and has high morbidity and mortality. Both the morbidity and mortality are directly related to the delay in diagnosis and start of treatment. Primary closure with drainage is recommended if perforation is detected in less than 24 hours. Treatment for delayed or missed rupture of oesophagus is not very clear and is controversial.
Case Report
We hereby report a case of delayed diagnosed cervical oesophagus rupture following gunshot, which was primarily repaired. Special emphasis is on newer technique of fistula localization using oro-oesophageal tube and AMBU for better closure. The fistula closure was successful and no there were no post-operative complications.
Discussion
The symptoms and signs on presentation of patient of cervical oesophagus perforation are discussed along with the differing treatment paradigms for early versus late presentation. Surgical repair with primary closure may be undertaken, even in late presentation of oesophagus rupture. This technique of oro-oesophageal tube used along with AMBU, may be useful in cases of both cervical and upper thoracic oesophagus rupture.
Cornu cutaneum of Pinna
Authors: C Satish Kumar , K V Bharathi , Colbert Kumaran Ramesh , A Sophia 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Cornu cutaneum is a nodule of dense keratin, resembling the horn of animals, an uncommon clinical condition predominantly seen in elderly men, and even rare to be seen on the pinna.

Case Report
A 70 year old man, presented with a horn like swelling on the left pinna for 2 years. The lesion was excised and histopathological examination did not show any underlying or associated conditions.
Discussion
The cause of worry here is not the disfigurement, but the probability of underlying premalignant or malignant condition. Exposure to sunlight is considered as the etiology. Ours being a tropical country where exposure to sunlight could not be avoided, a high clinical vigil and early intervention is recommended to reduce the mortality and morbidity from the spectrum of diseases resembling this condition.
Clinical and Experimental Study on Thermoregulatory System and its Relation with Vasomotor Rhinitis
Authors: Saha Somnath , Majumder Nirmalya Kumar , Thombre D P 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Much of the perennial cold are of vasomotor origin still a less appreciated phenomenon even among the medical personnel, much of which is dubbed in a cursorily in the clinical analogue of a west paper wrap as ‘allergic rhinitis’. This study was attempted to find out the role of thermoregulatory system with causation of vasomotor rhinitis and assessing role of hypothalamus in causation of vasomotor rhinitis.
Materials and Methods
In this study conducted during the period of July 1987 to August 1988, 20 normal adult individuals were taken as control and thermoregulatory study was done on them. The results were compared with cases of vasomotor rhinitis/non-allergic rhinopathy cases. In experimental study thermoregulatory study was done on albino rats before and after stereotaxis of anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei and the result were compared before stereotaxis and post stereotaxis.
Results
Among human study in clinical subjects, patient suffering from vasomotor rhinitis showed a definite shift towards thermoregulatory imbalance both for generalized body caloric fluctuation and particularly on the nasal mucosa. Post-vidian neurectomy results for thermoregulation test was highly significant. In animal study post-hypothalamic stereotaxis temperature measurement showed minimal depression. Dorsal anterior hypothalamic lesion ablation showed significant derangement in the thermoregulatory tolerance profile of the rats’ belly temperature. Posterior hypothalamic lesion showed that there may be some amount of derangements in the thermoregulatory tolerance, which however is not statistically conclusive. Thermoregulatory control is done at hypothalamus, particularly at anterior hypothalamic nuclei level and posterior hypothalamic nuclei in the brain. Thermoregulatory study proves a close correlation between non allergic rhinitis with imbalance in central thermal regulation by hypothalamus.
Conclusion
Thermoregulatory study in control and clinical subjects proves a close correlation between vasomotor rhinitis and sympathetic, parasympathetic system.
Role of CT Nose Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Endoscopy for Decision Making in a Case of Deviated Nasal Septum
Authors: Hazra Sayan , Choudhary Ankit , Ghosh Swapan Kumar , Biswas Subhradev , Das Biswas Kaustuv 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Deviated nasal septum (DNS) can be asymptomatic in an individual or may cause nasal obstruction. The condition is generally diagnosed clinically and based on clinical diagnosis it is managed Surgically by large without much heed to diagnostic procedure. Thus, often underlying other causes of Obstruction is missed. Thus, it becomes essential to evaluate every patient presenting with history of Nasal obstruction and clinically Deviated septum, with aid of Nasal Endoscopy and CT scan Nose Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) to rule out/diagnose other coexisting conditions.
Methods and Methodology
100 patients who presented with nasal obstruction and clinically diagnosed to have Deviated Nasal Septum were then subjected to Nasal Endoscopy and CT scan Nose and PNS and findings were noted for analysis.
Results and Analysis
Of these 100 patients, 48 patients were found to have coexisting pathological conditions/anatomical variants. Various anatomical and pathological Conditions were found to coexist together. Inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 34% is the most common pathological condition found to be associated with DNS followed by of sinusitis in 25% patients apart from polyp, concha bullosa and paradoxical middle turbinate.
Discussion
Studies done so far shows there is a definite link of deviated nasal septum to various anatomical and pathological conditions of the nose. CT Scan Nose PNS and Nasal Endoscopy plays a vital role in diagnosing such anomalies.
Conclusion
Most of the patients, presenting with nasal obstruction and having Deviated Nasal Septum, undergo management without proper analysis and returns with recurrence of symptoms which could be analyzed properly if Nasal endoscopy and CT scan is employed during diagnosis of the condition, reducing risk of treatment failure.
Lingual and Mediastinal Ectopic Thyroid with No Normal Thyroid Gland – A Very Rare Occurrence
Authors: Kalyan N Shyam , Basu Deepjoy , Agarwal Mehak , Bose Dulal 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Ectopic thyroid is a rare congenital condition. Dual ectopic thyroid is rarer still with only 30 cases reported in literature. The most common location is the lingual or sublingual region followed by the hyoid region. Instances of dual ectopic thyroid with one in lingual region and the other in mediastinum are very few.
Case Report
A case of dual ectopic thyroid is presented with absent normal thyroid in a girl of 14 years who presented with difficulty in swallowing and lump sensation in throat. Ultrasound, MRI scan and Technetium 99m pertechnetate thyroid scan were done. She showed lingual thyroid and thyroid tissue in upper mediastinum and no thyroid tissue in the normal anatomical location.
Discussion
The discovery of mediastinal ectopic thyroid was incidental. She had subclinical hypothyroidism and was treated with thyroxine replacement therapy.
Mycological Profile in Otomycosis Patients: A Cross Sectional Hospital Based Study in Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Ankale Nitin , Nagmoti Jyoti M , Anand Utkarsh 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
This study was conducted to study the fungal profile in otomycosis patients in the tropical region of North Karnataka. A total of 108 samples of symptomatic otomycosis were investigated in this study.
Materials and Methods
Aural swabs were collected on 1st visit and these swabs were immediately inoculated over Sabouraud’s dextrose agar media and incubated at 37 degree Celsius for culture of fungi.
Results
Fungal pathogens were isolated in 89 samples, 18 samples were negative and 1 sample was reported as being contaminated. Fungi belonging to genus Aspergillus was isolated in 92.11% of cases of which Aspergillus niger was commonest isolated in 38(41.57%) followed br Aspergillus flavus 32(35.95%) and Aspergillus fumigatus 7(7.86%). Candida species were found in 2(2.24%) and Mucor in 1(1.12%). The most common symptom was Itching 91(84.25%). In this study ear discharge was the commonest finding (44.44%) followed by Black mycotic plug (28.70%).
Conclusion
Otomycosis is a condition encountered in hot, humid climate with symptoms like itching and ear discharge. Aspergillus and Candida are the fungal species responsible for majority of cases. Local antifungal treatment with measures like keeping the ear dry resolves most of the cases.
Imperceptible Scar over Face and Neck: A New Aesthetic Modification of Parotid Incision
Authors: KS Gangadhara , Shetty Hamsa , S Sridhara 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
The mainstay of treatment for parotid tumours is surgery. Since the incision site involves visible areas of head and neck several modifications have evolved since its first description in 1912 by Blair and all the subsequent incisions have more or less aimed at giving better aesthesis in terms of post-operative facial scar. We describe a modification of earlier incisions for parotidectomy, which aims at camouflaging the post-operative facial and neck scar.
Materials and Methods
Fourteen patients were included in this study, who presented with parotid tumours and underwent either superficial or total parotidectomy. The modified incision was used in all the patients and various parameters were recorded (intra operatively as well as post operatively during the follow up visits, upto 1year) including post-operative scar visibility and patient satisfaction in terms of aesthetic appeal.
Results
All the 14 patients reported highly satisfied in terms of post-operative aesthetic outcome. There was no intra operative limitation of exposure by using this modified incision and neither any significant post-operative complication was encountered.
Conclusion
Our attempt at evolving an aesthetically modified incision for parotidectomy with no facial or neck scar post-operatively was achieved, along with certain more extended benefits of using this innovative incision.
Comparison of Post-operative Outcomes of Endoscopic and Microscopic Type 1 Tympanoplasty-A Retrospective
Authors: S Gurumani , R Valli , Das Deepthy 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
With increasing popularity of Endoscopic middle ear surgeries, a better understanding of the features salient to endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty has gained importance. This study aims to compare the results of both.

Materials and Methods
It is a retrospective study based on MRD data collected from January 2017 to July 2018 on 40 patients with dry central perforation. 20 patients underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty and other 20 underwent microscopic tympanoplasty. Results of the surgery were compared at the end of 3 months which was based on the outcomes of surgery by means of graft uptake, comparison of pre-op and post-op audiogram readings .
Results
Eighteen cases (90%) of endoscopic surgery had mild CHL while in microscopic surgery 7 cases (35%) had moderate CHL. Average pre–op ABG was 29.05 dB in microscopic and 22.8dB in endoscopic surgery. Average post-op ABG 12.65dB and 18.4 for endoscopic and microscopic surgery. There was significant improvement in hearing gain in both the surgeries (p<0.001). Graft uptake was found to be have similar outcome.
Conclusion
Endoscopic tympanoplasty can be a good alternative of microscopic tympanoplasty but needs more training as compared to conventional method.
Schwannoma of the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Muddaiah Dechu , Venkatarangaiah Srinivas , V Prashanth , Hussain M Mohammed Adil 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Mesenchymal tumours of submandibular gland are extremely rare. Schwannoma of the salivary glands is a particularly rare form of an extracranial neurogenic tumour.
Case Report
Here, we present an unusual case of schwannoma of submandibular gland in a 16 year old girl, who underwent total excision of mass with submandibular gland excision with no cranial nerve deficits. The details of the histopathologic features are present .

Discussion
Schwannoma of the salivary gland is a particularly rare form of an extracranial neurogenic tumour. Our case indicates good prognosis in a case of submandibular gland schwannoma after surgical excision.