bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical methods for entrainment and detrainment in the multi‐fluid Euler equations for convection
Authors: McIntyre William A. , Weller Hilary , Holloway Christopher E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConvection schemes are a large source of error in global weather and climate models, and modern resolutions are often too fine to parametrize convection, but are still too coarse to fully resolve it. Recently, numerical solutions of multi‐fluid equations have been proposed for a more flexible and consistent treatment of subgrid‐scale convection, including net mass transport by convection and non‐equilibrium dynamics. The technique involves splitting the atmosphere into multiple fluids. For example, the atmosphere could be divided into buoyant updraughts and stable regions. The fluids interact through a common pressure, drag and mass transfers (entrainment and detrainment). Little is known about the numerical properties of mass transfer terms between the fluids. We derive mass transfer terms which relabel the fluids and derive numerical properties of the transfer schemes, including boundedness, momentum conservation and energy conservation on a co‐located grid. Numerical simulations of the multi‐fluid Euler equations using a C‐grid are presented using stable and unstable treatments of the transfers on a well‐resolved two‐fluid dry convection test case. We find two schemes which are conservative, stable and bounded for large time steps, and maintain their numerical properties on staggered grids.
Using Local Ecological Knowledge in Louisiana to Infer Distribution and Abundance of the Alligator Snapping Turtle
Authors: Huntzinger Cybil C. , Louque Irvin , Lyons Eddie K. , Lindeman Peter V. , Selman Will 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTLocal ecological knowledge (LEK) collected via formal questionnaires and informal surveys can be a useful tool to aid in species conservation, particularly with species that are rare or difficult to detect. The alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a large aquatic turtle species that was heavily harvested by the commercial fishing industry beginning in the 1960s. This led to population declines throughout its range and closure of the commercial harvest in all states. The species is of conservation concern throughout its range and currently petitioned to be listed under the Endangered Species Act. However, the species' secretive behaviors and low densities can provide difficulties for biologists trying to determine accurate population densities and demographics. In 2013, we developed a LEK questionnaire to gauge licensed recreational fishermen on their perceptions of alligator snapping turtles, and distributed 2,100 questionnaires via postal service in a 7‐parish area of southwestern Louisiana, USA. Despite a low response rate (4.7%), all parishes had ≥1 sighting of alligator snapping turtle reported by respondents within the past 5 years, suggesting that they are still relatively widespread throughout southwestern Louisiana. However, respondents' perceptions also suggested that populations are stable to declining and tighter recreational harvest regulations may be needed to ensure long‐term population viability. Responses suggesting alligator snapping turtles' widespread distribution in southwestern Louisiana have recently been corroborated by field‐trapping surveys. This concordance suggests that LEK surveys can be useful for evaluating patterns of the distribution for cryptic species such as the alligator snapping turtle, while also potentially providing inferences about species abundance in a conservation context. Therefore, we recommend that surveys like this may assist with species monitoring when population sampling is logistically difficult or cost‐prohibitive. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
A new class of variational‐hemivariational inequalities for steady Oseen flow with unilateral and frictional type boundary conditions
Authors: Migórski Stanisław , Dudek Sylwia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study a new class of elliptic variational‐hemivariational inequalities in a reflexive Banach space. Based on a surjectivity result for an operator inclusion of Clarke's subdifferential type, we prove existence of solution. Then, we apply this result to a mathematical analysis of the steady Oseen model for a generalized Newtonian incompressible fluid. A variational‐hemivariational inequality for the flow problem is derived and sufficient conditions for existence of weak solutions are obtained. The mixed boundary conditions involve a unilateral boundary condition, the Navier slip condition, a nonmonotone version of the nonlinear Navier‐Fujita slip condition, and the threshold slip and leak condition of frictional type.
Observability inequality for piecewise Hermite cubic orthogonal spline collocation semi‐discretization of the wave‐Petrovsky system with memory
Authors: Xu Da 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we consider the piecewise Hermite cubic orthogonal spline collocation semi‐discretization of the wave‐Petrovsky coupled systems in the presence of memory terms. We treat the question of uniform observability for the semi‐discretization. We prove that an uniform observability inequality property in a subspace of solutions generated by filtering some frequencies holds true. The method of proof is Fourier series developments. The analysis is supported by numerical simulations.
Regimen-dependent synergism and antagonism of treprostinil and vildagliptin in hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Zebedin-Brandl Eva , Themanns Madeleine , Kazemi Zahra , Nasrollahi-Shirazi Shahrooz , Mussbacher Marion , Heyes Elizabeth , Meissl Katrin , Prchal-Murphy Michaela , Strohmaier Wolfgang , Krumpl Guenther , Freissmuth Michael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The cell dose in umbilical cord blood units is a major determinant for the outcome of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Prostaglandin analogs and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4/CD26)-inhibitors enhance the ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to reconstitute hematopoiesis. Here we explored the synergism between treprostinil, a stable prostaglandin agonist, and the DPP4/CD26-inhibitor vildagliptin. The combination of treprostinil and forskolin caused a modest but statistically significant increase in the surface levels of DPP4/CD26 on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from murine bone and human cord blood. Their migration towards stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) was enhanced, if they were pretreated with treprostinil and forskolin, and further augmented by vildagliptin. Administration of vildagliptin rescued 25% of lethally irradiated recipient mice injected with a limiting number of untreated HSPCs, but 90 to 100% of recipients injected with HSPCs preincubated with treprostinil and forskolin. The efficacy of vildagliptin surpassed that of treprostinil (60% rescue). Surprisingly, concomitant administration of vildagliptin and treprostinil resulted in poor survival of recipients indicating mutual antagonism, which was recapitulated when homing of and colony formation by HSPCs were assessed. These observations of regimen-dependent synergism and antagonism of treprostinil and vildagliptin are of translational relevance for the design of clinical trials.

Key messages

Pretreatment with treprostinil increases surface levels of DPP4/CD26 in HSPCs.

Vildagliptin enhances in vitro migration of pretreated HSPCs.

Vildagliptin enhances in vivo homing and engraftment of pretreated HSPCs.

Unexpected mutual antagonism in vivo by concomitant administration of vildagliptin and treprostinil.
Non-targeted and targeted analysis of collagen hydrolysates during the course of digestion and absorption
Authors: Kleinnijenhuis Anne J. , van Holthoon Frédérique L. , Maathuis Annet J.H. , Vanhoecke Barbara , Prawitt Janne , Wauquier Fabien , Wittrant Yohann 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProtein hydrolysates are an important part of the human diet. Often, they are prepared from milk, soy, or collagen. In the present study, four different collagen hydrolysates were tested, varying in the average molecular weight and the animal source. Three types of samples, the dissolved start products, in vitro generated dialysates (containing the digested components that are potentially available for small intestinal absorption), and human serum collected after product ingestion, were analyzed using LC-MS to compare the state of the hydrolysates before and after absorption, i.e., uptake into the blood. It was found that the composition of the collagen hydrolysates prior to and after ingestion was highly complex and dynamic, which made it challenging to predefine a strategy for a targeted analysis. Therefore, we implemented a new analytical approach to first map hydrolysate data sets by performing non-targeted LC-MS analysis followed by non-targeted and targeted data analysis. It was shown that the insight gained by following such a top down (data) analytical workflow could be crucial for defining a suitable targeted setup and considering data trends beyond the defined targets. After having defined and performed a limited targeted analysis, it was found that, in our experimental setup, Hyp-Gly and especially Pro-Hyp contributed significantly as carrier to the total Hyp increase in blood after ingestion of collagen hydrolysate.
Multi-state Condensation in Berlin–Kac Spherical Models
Authors: Lukkarinen Jani 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe consider the Berlin–Kac spherical model for supercritical densities under a periodic lattice energy function which has finitely many non-degenerate global minima. Energy functions arising from nearest neighbour interactions on a rectangular lattice have a unique minimum, and in that case the supercritical fraction of the total mass condenses to the ground state of the energy function. We prove that for any sufficiently large lattice size this also happens in the case of multiple global minima, although the precise distribution of the supercritical mass and the structure of the condensate mass fluctuations may depend on the lattice size. However, in all of these cases, one can identify a bounded number of degrees of freedom forming the condensate in such a way that their fluctuations are independent from the rest of the fluid. More precisely, the original Berlin–Kac measure may be replaced by a factorized supercritical measure where the condensate and normal fluid degrees of freedom become independent random variables, and the normal fluid part converges to the critical Gaussian free field. The proof is based on a construction of a suitable coupling between the two measures, proving that their Wasserstein distance is small enough for the error in any finite moment of the field to vanish as the lattice size is increased to infinity.
Managerial Appropriations of the Ethos of Democratic Practice: Rating, ‘Policing’, and Performance Management
Authors: Amiridis Kostas , Costea Bogdan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines how new types of performance appraisal reconfigure everyday personal relationships at work. These systems deploy smartphone technologies to be used continuously by individuals to rate each other. Our aim is to show, in concrete terms, how these practices claim to configure a democratic space where individuals are liberated to express their views about each other’s work. On the contrary, we argue that by being placed in continuous confrontation with each other’s ratings, the genuine space for democratic contestation, for the establishment of a genuine community, as well as for critique and dissent is—paradoxically—narrowed down. The first section of this article explores the context in which managerialism has become consolidated at the centre of neo-liberal politics in a dialogue with some of Mouffe’s and Rancière’s arguments. We use Rancière’s concept of “policing” to understand how managerial techniques subvert genuine democratic spaces, modes of participation and expression. Using performance appraisal systems as an example, the second part of the article provides a critical investigation which shows how managerialism intervenes at the very roots of possible democratic engagement and undermines dissent in subtle ways.
The influence of SRA programming on algorithmic thinking and self-efficacy using Lego robotics in two types of instruction
Authors: Fanchamps Nardie L. J. A. , Slangen Lou , Hennissen Paul , Specht Marcus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the development of algorithmic thinking as a part of computational thinking skills and self-efficacy of primary school pupils using programmable robots in different instruction variants. Computational thinking is defined in the context of twenty-first century skills and describes processes involved in (re)formulating a problem in a way that a computer can process it. Programming robots offers specific affordances as it can be used to develop programs following a Sense-Reason-Act (SRA) cycle. The literature provides evidence that programming robots has the potential to enhance algorithmic thinking as a component of computational thinking. Specifically there are indications that pupils who use SRA-programming learn algorithmic skills better and achieve a higher level of self-efficacy in an open, scaffold learning environment than through direct instruction. In order to determine the influence of the instruction variant used, an experimental research design was made in which pupils solved algorithm-based mathematical problems (grid diagrams) in a preliminary measurement and their self-efficacy determined via a questionnaire. As an intervention, pupils learn to solve programming issues in pairs using “Lego NXT” robots and “Mindstorms” software in two instruction variants. The post-measurement consists of a Lego challenge, solving mathematical problems (grid diagrams), and a repeated self-efficacy questionnaire. This research shows an increase of our measures on algorithmic thinking dependent on the amount of SRA usage (though not significant). Programming using the SRA-cycle can be considered as the cause of the measured effect. The instruction variant used during the robotic intervention seems to play only a marginal role.
Preclinical evaluation of binimetinib (MEK162) delivered via polymeric nanocarriers in combination with radiation and temozolomide in glioma
Authors: Bikhezar Fatima , de Kruijff Robin M. , van der Meer Astrid J. G. M. , Torrelo Villa Guzman , van der Pol Susanne M. A. , Becerril Aragon Gabriel , Gasol Garcia Ana , Narayan Ravi S. , de Vries Helga E. , Slotman Ben J. , Denkova Antonia G. , Sminia Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and purpose
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive subtype of malignant gliomas, with an average survival rate of 15 months after diagnosis. More than 90% of all GBMs have activating mutations in the MAPK/ERK pathway. Recently, we showed the allosteric MEK1/2 inhibitor binimetinib (MEK162) to inhibit cell proliferation and to enhance the effect of radiation in preclinical human GBM models. Because the free drug cannot pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB), we investigated the use of nanocarriers for transport of the drug through the BBB and its efficacy when combined with radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) in glioma spheroids.

Methods
In vitro studies were performed using multicellular U87 human GBM spheroids. Polymeric nanocarriers (polymersomes) were loaded with MEK162. The interaction between nanocarrier delivered MEK162, irradiation and TMZ was studied on the kinetics of spheroid growth and on protein expression in the MAPK/ERK pathway. BBB passaging was evaluated in a transwell system with human cerebral microvascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells.

Results
MEK162 loaded polymersomes inhibited spheroid growth. A synergistic effect was found in combination with fractionated irradiation and an additive effect with TMZ on spheroid volume reduction. Fluorescent labeled polymersomes were taken up by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and passed the BBB in vitro.

Conclusion
MEK162 loaded polymersomes are taken up by multicellular spheroids. The nanocarrier delivered drug reduced spheroid growth and inhibited its molecular target. MEK162 delivered via polymersomes showed interaction with irradiation and TMZ. The polymersomes crossed the in vitro BBB model and therewith offer exciting challenges ahead for delivery of therapeutics agents to brain tumours.
A jump to the left and a step to the right: A test of two accounts of peak shift
Authors: Gallaghar Nicole J. , Provost Steve , Bizo Lewis A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract“Peak Shift” usually occurs following intradimensional-discrimination training and involves a shift of the peak of the generalization gradient away from the original discriminative stimulus (S+) in a direction away from an S-. Two theoretical accounts of peak shift, the gradient interaction theory (GIT) and adaptation level theory (ALT), were compared. The effects of asymmetric test stimuli and the impact of instructions to participants for them to treat stimuli as members of categories on generalization gradients were investigated. In Experiment 1, the relation between peak shifts obtained when an extended asymmetric set of test stimuli was employed and the occurrence of categorization of the stimuli involved was investigated in four separate conditions. Two involved temporal discrimination, one involved line-angle discrimination, and one involved a compound line-angle and temporal cue discrimination. If participants treated the stimuli as belonging to discrete categories, such as hands-on a clock, rather than as being on continuous dimensions then responding to the compound cue was expected to result in attenuation of blocking of a peak shift. However, the peak shift obtained to the three cue types were the same. In Experiment 2, an independent group of participants was given explicit instructions to treat the line angles as if they were the hands of a clock face and this eliminated peak shift. The results from the present experiments support an ALT interpretation, although the peak shifts were significantly smaller in magnitude than predicted by this account.
Effects of a combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and cognitive training intervention in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sabbagh Marwan , Sadowsky Carl , Tousi Babak , Agronin Marc E. , Alva Gustavo , Armon Carmel , Bernick Charles , Keegan Andrew P. , Karantzoulis Stella , Baror Eyal , Ploznik Moran , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis clinical trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of a 6‐week course of daily neuroAD™ therapy.Methods131 subjects between 60 and 90 years old, unmedicated for Alzheimer's disease (AD), or on stable doses of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and/or memantine, with Mini–Mental State Examination scores between 18 and 26, clinical dementia rating scale scores of 1 or 2, enrolled for a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Structural brain MRIs were obtained for transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting. Baseline Alzheimer's disease assessment scale—cognitive (ADAS‐Cog) and Clinical Global Impression of Change were assessed. 129 participants were randomized to active treatment plus standard of care (SOC) or sham treatments plus SOC.ResultsSubjects with baseline ADAS‐Cog ≤ 30 (~85% of study population) showed a statistically significant benefit favoring active over sham. Responder analysis showed 31.7% participants in the active group with ≤ −4 point improvement on ADAS‐Cog versus 15.4% in the sham group.DiscussionneuroAD™ Therapy System provides a low‐risk therapeutic benefit for patients with milder AD (baseline ADAS‐Cog ≤30) beyond pharmacologic SOC.
The emergence of compound interest
Authors: Lewin C. G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCompound interest was known to ancient civilisations, but as far as we know it was not until medieval times that mathematicians started to analyse it in order to show how invested sums could mount up and how much should be paid for annuities. Starting with Fibonacci in 1202 A.D., techniques were developed which could produce accurate solutions to practical problems but involved a great deal of laborious arithmetic. Compound interest tables could simplify the work but few have come down to us from that period. Soon after 1500, the availability of printed books enabled knowledge of the mathematical techniques to spread, and legal restrictions on charging interest were relaxed. Later that century, two mathematicians, Trenchant and Stevin, published compound interest tables for the first time. In 1613, Witt published more tables and demonstrated how they could be used to solve many practical problems quite easily. Towards the end of the 17thcentury, interest calculations were combined with age-dependent survival rates to evaluate life annuities, and actuarial science was created.
Precise Detections of Solar Particle Events and a New View of the Moon
Authors: Wilson Jody K. , Spence Harlan E. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Case Anthony W. , Looper Mark D. , Jordan Andrew P. , de Wet Wouter , Kasper Justin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have invented a new method for detecting solar particle events using data from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). Using a simple function of the total particle detection rates from four of CRaTER's six detectors, we can precisely identify solar energetic particle event periods in the CRaTER data archive. During solar quiet periods we map the distribution of a mare‐associated mixture of elements in the lunar regolith using this new method. The new map of the moon probably reflects an as‐yet unknown combination of lunar albedo protons, neutrons, and gamma rays, and most closely resembles Lunar Prospector maps of gamma rays characteristic of thorium and iron. This result will lead to multiple follow‐up studies of lunar albedo particles and may also contribute to the study of diurnally varying hydrogenation of the lunar regolith.
The Morphology of Saturn's Aurorae Observed During the Cassini Grand Finale
Authors: Bader A. , Cowley S. W. H. , Badman S. V. , Ray L. C. , Kinrade J. , Palmaerts B. , Pryor W. R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCassini's mission exploring the Saturn system ended with the Grand Finale, a series of orbits bringing the spacecraft closer to the planet than ever before and providing unique opportunities for observations of the ultraviolet aurorae. This study presents a selection of high‐resolution imagery showing the aurorae's small‐scale structure in unprecedented detail. We find the main arc to vary between a smooth and a rippled structure, likely indicating quiet and disturbed magnetospheric conditions, respectively. It is usually accompanied by a diffuse and dim outer emission on its equatorward side which appears to be driven by wave scattering of hot electrons from the inner ring current into the loss cone. The duskside is characterized by highly dynamic structures which may be signatures of radial plasma injections. This image set will be the only high‐resolution data for the foreseeable future and hence forms an important basis for future auroral research on Saturn.