bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ppd-H1integrates drought stress signals to control spike development and flowering time in barley
Authors: Gol Leonard , Haraldsson Einar B , von Korff Maria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDrought impairs growth and spike development, and is therefore a major cause of yield losses in the temperate cereals barley and wheat. Here, we show that the photoperiod response gene PHOTOPERIOD-H1 (Ppd-H1) interacts with drought stress signals to modulate spike development. We tested the effects of a continuous mild and a transient severe drought stress on developmental timing and spike development in spring barley cultivars with a natural mutation in ppd-H1 and derived introgression lines carrying the wild-type Ppd-H1 allele from wild barley. Mild drought reduced the spikelet number and delayed floral development in spring cultivars but not in the introgression lines with a wild-type Ppd-H1 allele. Similarly, drought-triggered reductions in plant height, and tiller and spike number were more pronounced in the parental lines compared with the introgression lines. Transient severe stress halted growth and floral development; upon rewatering, introgression lines, but not the spring cultivars, accelerated development so that control and stressed plants flowered almost simultaneously. These genetic differences in development were correlated with a differential down-regulation of the flowering promotors FLOWERING LOCUS T1 and the BARLEY MADS-box genes BM3 and BM8. Our findings therefore demonstrate that Ppd-H1 affects developmental plasticity in response to drought in barley.
Hard-X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei – I. A radio view at high frequencies
Authors: Chiaraluce E , Panessa F , Bruni G , Baldi R D , Behar E , Vagnetti F , Tombesi F , McHardy I 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
A thorough study of radio emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is of fundamental importance to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the emission and the interplay between accretion and ejection processes. High-frequency radio observations can target the nuclear contribution of smaller emitting regions and are less affected by absorption. We present JVLA 22 and 45 GHz observations of 16 nearby (0.003 ≤ z ≤ 0.3) hard-X-ray-selected AGNs at the (sub)-kpc scale with tens μJy beam−1 sensitivity. We detected 15/16 sources, with flux densities ranging from hundreds μJy to tens Jy (specific luminosities from ∼1020 to ${\sim}10^{25}\, \mathrm{ W}\, \mathrm{ Hz}^{-1}$ at 22 GHz). All detected sources host a compact core, with eight being core-dominated at either frequencies, the others exhibiting also extended structures. Spectral indices range from steep to flat/inverted. We interpret this evidence as either due to a core+jet system (6/15), a core accompanied by surrounding star formation (1/15), to a jet oriented close to the line of sight (3/15), to emission from a corona or the base of a jet (1/15), although there might be degeneracies between different processes. Four sources require more data to shed light on their nature. We conclude that, at these frequencies, extended, optically thin components are present together with the flat-spectrum core. The LR/LX ∼ 10−5 relation is roughly followed, indicating a possible contribution to radio emission from a hot corona. A weakly significant correlation between radio core (22 and 45 GHz) and X-ray luminosities is discussed in the light of an accretion–ejection framework.
Fitting formulae for evolution tracks of massive stars under extreme metal-poor environments for population synthesis calculations and star cluster simulations
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru , Yoshida Takashi , Kinugawa Tomoya , Takahashi Koh , Umeda Hideyuki 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We have devised fitting formulae for evolution tracks of massive stars with 8 ≲ M/M⊙ ≲ 160 under extreme metal-poor (EMP) environments for log (Z/Z⊙) = −2, −4, −5, −6, and −8, where M⊙ and Z⊙ are the solar mass and metallicity, respectively. Our fitting formulae are based on reference stellar models which we have newly obtained by simulating the time evolutions of EMP stars. Our fitting formulae take into account stars ending with blue supergiant (BSG) stars, and stars skipping Hertzsprung gap phases and blue loops, which are characteristics of massive EMP stars. In our fitting formulae, stars may remain BSG stars when they finish their core Helium burning phases. Our fitting formulae are in good agreement with our stellar evolution models. We can use these fitting formulae on the sse, bse, nbody4, and nbody6 codes, which are widely used for population synthesis calculations and star cluster simulations. These fitting formulae should be useful to make theoretical templates of binary black holes formed under EMP environments.
K-CLASH: spatially resolving star-forming galaxies in field and cluster environments at z ≈ 0.2–0.6
Authors: Tiley Alfred L , Vaughan Sam P , Stott John P , Davies Roger L , Prichard Laura J , Bunker Andrew , Bureau Martin , Cappellari Michele , Jarvis Matt , Robotham Aaron , Cortese Luca , Bellstedt Sabine , Ansarinejad Behzad 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the KMOS-CLASH (K-CLASH) survey, a K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) survey, of the spatially resolved gas properties and kinematics of 191 (pre-dominantly blue) H α-detected galaxies at 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.6 in field and cluster environments. K-CLASH targets galaxies in four Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) fields in the KMOS IZ-band, over 7 arcmin radius (≈2–3 Mpc) fields of view. K-CLASH aims to study the transition of star-forming galaxies from turbulent, highly star-forming disc-like and peculiar systems at z ≈ 1–3, to the comparatively quiescent, ordered late-type galaxies at z ≈ 0, and to examine the role of clusters in the build-up of the red sequence since z ≈ 1. In this paper, we describe the K-CLASH survey, present the sample, and provide an overview of the K-CLASH galaxy properties. We demonstrate that our sample comprises star-forming galaxies typical of their stellar masses and epochs, residing both in field and cluster environments. We conclude K-CLASH provides an ideal sample to bridge the gap between existing large integral-field spectroscopy surveys at higher and lower redshifts. We find that star-forming K-CLASH cluster galaxies at intermediate redshifts have systematically lower stellar masses than their star-forming counterparts in the field, hinting at possible ‘downsizing’ scenarios of galaxy growth in clusters at these epochs. We measure no difference between the star formation rates of H α-detected, star-forming galaxies in either environment after accounting for stellar mass, suggesting that cluster quenching occurs very rapidly during the epochs probed by K-CLASH, or that star-forming K-CLASH galaxies in clusters have only recently arrived there, with insufficient time elapsed for quenching to have occurred.
Detection of a variable ultrafast outflow in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1448+273
Authors: Kosec P , Zoghbi A , Walton D J , Pinto C , Fabian A C , Parker M L , Reynolds C S 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Relativistically blueshifted absorption features of highly ionized ions, the so-called ultrafast outflows (UFOs), have been detected in the X-ray spectra of a number of accreting supermassive black holes. If these features truly originate from accretion disc winds accelerated to more than 10 per cent of the speed of light, their energy budget is very significant and they can contribute to or even drive galaxy-scale feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, the UFO spectral features are often weak due to high ionization of the outflowing material, and the inference of the wind physical properties can be complicated by other spectral features in AGNs such as relativistic reflection. Here we study a highly accreting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1448+273. We apply an automated, systematic routine for detecting outflows in accreting systems and achieve an unambiguous detection of a UFO in this AGN. The UFO absorption is observed in both soft and hard X-ray bands with the XMM–Newton observatory. The velocity of the outflow is (26 900 ± 600) km s−1 (∼0.09c), with an ionization parameter of $\log (\xi / \textrm {erg~cm~s}^{-1})=4.03_{-0.08}^{+0.10}$ and a column density above 1023 cm−2. At the same time, we detect weak warm absorption features in the spectrum of the object. Our systematic outflow search suggests the presence of further multiphase wind structure, but we cannot claim a significant detection considering the present data quality. The UFO is not detected in a second, shorter observation with XMM–Newton, indicating variability in time, observed also in other similar AGNs.
Improved model-independent constraints on the recombination era and development of a direct projection method
Authors: Hart Luke , Chluba Jens 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The unparalleled precision of recent experiments such as Planck have allowed us to constrain standard and non-standard physics (e.g. due to dark matter annihilation or varying fundamental constants) during the recombination epoch. However, we can also probe this era of cosmic history using model-independent variations of the free electron fraction, Xe, which, in turn, affects the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background. In this paper, we improve on the previous efforts to construct and constrain these generalized perturbations in the ionization history, deriving new optimized eigenmodes based on the full Planck 2015 likelihood data, introducing the new module Fearec++. We develop a direct likelihood sampling method for attaining the numerical derivatives of the standard and non-standard parameters, and discuss complications arising from the stability of the likelihood code. We improve the amplitude constraints of the Planck 2015 principal components constructed here, μ1 = −0.09 ± 0.12, μ2 = −0.17 ± 0.20, and μ3 = −0.30 ± 0.35, finding no indication for departures from the standard recombination scenario. The error constraint on the third mode has been improved by a factor of 2.5. We utilize an efficient eigenanalyser that keeps the cross-correlations of the first three eigenmodes to ${\rm Corr\left(\mu \, \mu ^{\prime }\right)}\lt 0.1$ per cent after marginalization for all the considered data combinations. We also propose a new projection method for estimating constraints on the parameters of non-standard recombination scenarios. As an example, using our eigenmode measurements, this allows us to recreate the Planck constraint on the two-photon decay rate, A2s1s = 7.60 ± 0.64, giving an error estimate to within ≃ 0.05σ of the full MCMC result. The improvements on the eigenmode analysis using the Planck data will allow us to implement this new method for analysis with fundamental constant variations in the future.
ALMA reveals the coherence of the magnetic field geometry in OH 231.8+4.2
Authors: Sabin L , Sahai R , Vlemmings W H T , Zhang Q , Zijlstra A A , Gledhill T , Huarte-Espinosa M , Pérez Sánchez A F , Lagadec E , Navarro S G 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
In a continuing effort to investigate the role of magnetic fields in evolved low- and intermediate-mass stars (principally regarding the shaping of their envelopes), we present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) high-resolution polarization data obtained for the nebula OH 231.8+4.2. We found that the polarized emission likely arises from aligned grains in the presence of magnetic fields rather than radiative alignment and self-scattering. The ALMA data show well organized electric field orientations in most of the nebula and the inferred magnetic field vectors (rotated by 90°) trace an hourglass morphology centred on the central system of the nebula. One region in the southern part of OH 231.8+4.2 shows a less organized distribution probably due to the shocked environment. These findings, in conjunction with earlier investigations (maser studies and dust emission analysis at other scales and wavelengths) suggest an overall magnetic hourglass located inside a toroidal field. We propose the idea that the magnetic field structure is closely related to the architecture of a magnetic tower and that the outflows were therefore magnetically launched. While the current dynamical effect of the fields might be weak in the equatorial plane principally due to the evolution of the envelope, it would still be affecting the outflows. In that regard, the measurement of the magnetic field at the stellar surface, which is still missing, combined with a full magnetohydrodynamic treatment are required to better understand and constrain the events occurring in OH 231.8+4.2.
mirnaQC: a webserver for comparative quality control of miRNA-seq data
Authors: Aparicio-Puerta Ernesto , Gómez-Martín Cristina , Giannoukakos Stavros , Medina José María , Marchal Juan Antonio , Hackenberg Michael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although miRNA-seq is extensively used in many different fields, its quality control is frequently restricted to a PhredScore-based filter. Other important quality related aspects like microRNA yield, the fraction of putative degradation products (such as rRNA fragments) or the percentage of adapter-dimers are hard to assess using absolute thresholds. Here we present mirnaQC, a webserver that relies on 34 quality parameters to assist in miRNA-seq quality control. To improve their interpretability, quality attributes are ranked using a reference distribution obtained from over 36 000 publicly available miRNA-seq datasets. Accepted input formats include FASTQ and SRA accessions. The results page contains several sections that deal with putative technical artefacts related to library preparation, sequencing, contamination or yield. Different visualisations, including PCA and heatmaps, are available to help users identify underlying issues. Finally, we show the usefulness of this approach by analysing two publicly available datasets and discussing the different quality issues that can be detected using mirnaQC.
Comprehensive database and evolutionary dynamics of U12-type introns
Authors: Moyer Devlin C , Larue Graham E , Hershberger Courtney E , Roy Scott W , Padgett Richard A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
During nuclear maturation of most eukaryotic pre-messenger RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, introns are removed through the process of RNA splicing. Different classes of introns are excised by the U2-type or the U12-type spliceosomes, large complexes of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and associated proteins. We created intronIC, a program for assigning intron class to all introns in a given genome, and used it on 24 eukaryotic genomes to create the Intron Annotation and Orthology Database (IAOD). We then used the data in the IAOD to revisit several hypotheses concerning the evolution of the two classes of spliceosomal introns, finding support for the class conversion model explaining the low abundance of U12-type introns in modern genomes.
Deregulated expression of the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 region in glioblastoma stemlike cells: tumor suppressor role of lncRNA MEG3
Authors: Buccarelli Mariachiara , Lulli Valentina , Giuliani Alessandro , Signore Michele , Martini Maurizio , D’Alessandris Quintino G , Giannetti Stefano , Novelli Agnese , Ilari Ramona , Giurato Giorgio , Boe Alessandra , Castellani Giorgia , Spartano Serena , Marangi Giuseppe , Biffoni Mauro , Genuardi Maurizio , Pallini Roberto , Marziali Giovanna , Ricci-Vitiani Lucia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) stemlike cells (GSCs) are thought to be responsible for the maintenance and aggressiveness of GBM, the most common primary brain tumor in adults. This study aims at elucidating the involvement of deregulations within the imprinted delta-like homolog 1 gene‒type III iodothyronine deiodinase gene (DLK-DIO3) region on chromosome 14q32 in GBM pathogenesis.

Methods
Real-time PCR analyses were performed on GSCs and GBM tissues. Methylation analyses, gene expression, and reverse-phase protein array profiles were used to investigate the tumor suppressor function of the maternally expressed 3 gene (MEG3).

Results
Loss of expression of genes and noncoding RNAs within the DLK1-DIO3 region was observed in GSCs and GBM tissues compared with normal brain. This downregulation is mainly mediated by epigenetic silencing. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that low expression of MEG3 and MEG8 long noncoding (lnc)RNAs significantly correlated with short survival in GBM patients. MEG3 restoration impairs tumorigenic abilities of GSCs in vitro by inhibiting cell growth, migration, and colony formation and decreases in vivo tumor growth, reducing infiltrative growth. These effects were associated with modulation of genes involved in cell adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Conclusion
In GBM, MEG3 acts as a tumor suppressor mainly regulating cell adhesion, EMT, and cell proliferation, thus providing a potential candidate for novel GBM therapies.
Impact of Dominant Symptom on 12-Month Patient-Reported Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Devin Clinton J , Asher Anthony L , Archer Kristin R , Goyal Anshit , Khan Inamullah , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Pennings Jacquelyn S , Karacay Bernes , Shaffrey Christopher I , Bisson Erica F , Knightly John J , Mummaneni Praveen V , Foley Kevin T , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The impact of symptom characteristics on outcomes of spine surgery remains elusive.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of symptom location, severity, and duration on outcomes following lumbar spine surgery.

METHODS
We queried the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) for patients undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery for lumbar degenerative spine disease. Multivariable regression was utilized to determine the impact of preoperative symptom characteristics (location, severity, and duration) on improvement in disability, quality of life, return to work, and patient satisfaction at 1 yr. Relative predictor importance was determined using an importance metric defined as Wald χ2 penalized by degrees of freedom.

RESULTS
A total of 22 022 subjects were analyzed. On adjusted analysis, we found patients with predominant leg pain were more likely to be satisfied (P < .0001), achieve minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (P = .002), and return to work (P = .03) at 1 yr following surgery without significant difference in Euro-QoL-5D (EQ-5D) (P = .09) [ref = predominant back pain]. Patients with equal leg and back pain were more likely to be satisfied (P < .0001), but showed no significant difference in achieving MCID (P = .22) or return to work (P = .07). Baseline numeric rating scale-leg pain and symptom duration were most important predictors of achieving MCID and change in EQ-5D. Predominant symptom was not found to be an important determinant of return to work. Worker's compensation was found to be most important determinant of satisfaction and return to work.

CONCLUSION
Predominant symptom location is a significant determinant of functional outcomes following spine surgery. However, pain severity and duration have higher predictive importance. Return to work is more dependent on sociodemographic features as compared to symptom characteristics.
History of a Heel
Authors: Lindberg Julianne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter traces the history of the 1952 revival of Pal Joey, from the Starlight Operetta production in Dallas (1949), to a successful summer-stock tour, to the revival. Particular attention will be paid to records, recording technology, and the works-oriented model in cast recordings, which helped make these stage productions viable. The main creative forces behind the revival, in addition to Rodgers and O’Hara, were Jule Styne, producer, and Robert Alton, who supervised the production, as well as the boyish Harold Lang, who danced in the shadow of Gene Kelly as Joey. The critical reaction to the revival was, arguably, what made Pal Joey a subsequently canonic show. It also revealed a good deal about the current fidelities of the musical theater, and how the discourse surrounding it reflected larger concerns about art during the period.
Conclusion
Authors: Lindberg Julianne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the afterlife of Pal Joey, exploring the reasons for the success of some productions, and for the failure of a host of others. More recent critiques of Pal Joey of the script, and the use of slang, in particular—frequently point out how dated the show is. John O’Hara’s writing is so specific to time and place that it can appear outmoded, or, to use a term supplied by a number of critics, tacky. This particular face of American identity has also been copied, parodied, and overplayed in both foreign and domestic film and theater. Joey has a slippery character, beguiling and bewildering producers and directors since its premiere.
Religion as Unreality
Authors: Howell Charlotte E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Within the production culture for fantastic series, religion is acknowledged but contained. The fantastic genre context allows for distancing content from traditional religious narratives and distancing characters’ beliefs from specific religious creed, labeling religion as spirituality. The quality fantastic shows Battlestar Galactica (SciFi, 2003–2009), Lost (ABC, 2004–2011), The Leftovers (HBO, 2014–2017) and Preacher (AMC, 2016–2019) do not represent religion as traditional religion within our familiar culture, but rather they present recognizably Christian elements in the functioning of belief systems with deep meaning for characters. But because of their quality framing and the genre containment, religious content in these fantastic series—albeit as abstracted spirituality—is acknowledged in their production cultures.
Conclusion
Authors: Norris Kristopher 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Conclusion begins by asking whether there is any hope in and for our whiteness. It argues that the answer must be no. The no that we must utter to our whiteness is the only sign of hope to which we can cling. It is a hope that emerges from the painful practices of remembrance, repentance, and reparation, but it is the only hope capable of challenging our bondage to white supremacy. It concludes by briefly analyzing biblical language of the church and demonstrating the ways these metaphors push white Christians to do the difficult work of taking responsibility for our white supremacy.
The Dawn of Language
Authors: Berent Iris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Language is a quintessential human capacity. In this chapter, we ask whether the human capacity for language relies on innate knowledge. As a case study, we examine the rules of phonology. This, seems like a curious choice. Most people believe they know how phonology works, and in their naïve theory, phonology requires no knowledge at all. Phonological patterns, people believe, are simply governed by the constraints of their ears, lips, and tongues. But a careful analysis of the anatomy of a syllable suggests this theory might be misinformed. These conclusions receive further support from an unexpected source—the phonology of sign languages. All these results suggest that our capacity for language could well be due to innate knowledge of abstract rules.