bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Benzyl Tetraphosphonate Derivative as Inhibitor of Human Factor Xia
Authors: Kar Srabani , Mottamal Madhusoodanan , Al‐Horani Rami A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe inhibition of factor XIa (FXIa) is a trending paradigm for the development of new generations of anticoagulants without a substantial risk of bleeding. In this report, we present the discovery of a benzyl tetra‐phosphonate derivative as a potent and selective inhibitor of human FXIa. Biochemical screening of four phosphonate/phosphate derivatives has led to the identification of the molecule that inhibited human FXIa with an IC50 value of ∼7.4 μM and a submaximal efficacy of ∼68 %. The inhibitor was at least 14‐fold more selective to FXIa over thrombin, factor IXa, factor Xa, and factor XIIIa. It also inhibited FXIa‐mediated activation of factor IX and prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time of human plasma. In Michaelis‐Menten kinetics experiment, inhibitor 1 reduced the VMAX of FXIa hydrolysis of a chromogenic substrate without significantly affecting its KM suggesting an allosteric mechanism of inhibition. The inhibitor also disrupted the formation of FXIa – antithrombin complex and inhibited thrombin‐mediated and factor XIIa‐mediated formation of FXIa from its zymogen factor XI. Inhibitor 1 has been proposed to bind to or near the heparin/polyphosphate‐binding site in the catalytic domain of FXIa. Overall, inhibitor 1 is the first benzyl tetraphosphonate small molecule that allosterically inhibits human FXIa, blocks its physiological function, and prevents its zymogen activation by other clotting factors under in vitro conditions. Thus, we put forward benzyl tetra‐phosphonate 1 as a novel lead inhibitor of human FXIa to guide future efforts in the development of allosteric anticoagulants.
Validation and comparisons of NaOH and Na4P2O7 extraction methods for the characterization of organic amendments
Authors: Audette Yuki , Longstaffe James G. , Gillespie Adam W. , Smith D. Scott , Voroney R. Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study are to compare the chemical properties of organic matter (OM) in alkaline extracts of turkey litter compost, source‐separated organic compost, and biosolid pellets, and to validate the use of humic acids (HAs) for analyzing the functionality (i.e., the ability to complex with nutrients) of OM. The humic fractions, including (HAs), fulvic acids (FAs), and alkaline nondissolved fraction (humin), were isolated either with NaOH or Na4P2O7 (PyroP) and the chemical properties were analyzed by solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The study showed that the proportions of each functional group of the combination of HAs, FAs, and humin were essentially identical to that of their HCl‐treated original materials, except for a lower recovery of O‐alkyl groups. Although the yield of HAs extracted with PyroP was lower than that with NaOH, their spectral characteristics were not significantly different. The functionality of the OM, assuming a correlation with the sum of the proportions of carboxyl and phenolic groups, was higher in both HAs and FAs than that in humin. Based on the proportion and functionality of the HAs in the OM, we conclude that the use of HAs extracted with either NaOH or PyroP is valid for studies of OM functionality. The study also shows that the functionality and stability of OM are highly source dependent. We predict that amendments of the more humified turkey litter compost would have higher potential to increase SOM levels and retain nutrients compared with the source‐separated organic compost and biosolid pellets.
Evaluating interactional competence in interview and paired discussion tasks: A rater cognition study
Authors: Vo Sonca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies of interaction in speaking assessment have highlighted problems regarding the unequal distribution of interaction patterns in different task types. However, little attempt has been made to include both verbal and nonverbal interaction features elicited in the tasks. Therefore, this study examined the elicitation of verbal and nonverbal interaction in different task types by investigating which types of interaction features raters noticed when rating interaction across interview and paired discussion tasks. The study analyzed the use of interaction features in 32 verbal reports from four raters who commented on interaction features that affected their judgment. The findings of the study suggest that both verbal and nonverbal communication contributed to interactional effectiveness. The study also revealed that test‐takers seem to have more opportunities to demonstrate their interactional ability in paired task formats than in interview formats. Pedagogical implications are also provided.
Is it worth teaching vocabulary?
Authors: Nation Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost teachers are concerned about the teaching of vocabulary. However, it is much more effective to focus on the ways in which vocabulary can be learned. This article looks at the jobs of the teacher, which include, in order of importance, (1) designing a balanced course, (2) organizing classroom work and homework, (3) training the learners in how to learn, (4) testing, and (5) teaching vocabulary. These jobs apply to the learning of vocabulary through independent study and learning through language use. There is a brief description of the author’s ideal vocabulary learning program, which includes a balance of learning opportunities.
Aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic coupling of a multi‐body finite‐element solver and a multi‐fidelity vortex method
Authors: Ramos‐García Néstor , Sessarego Matias , Horcas Sergio González 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe manuscript presents a novel aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic coupling framework, MIRAS‐HAWC2. In this coupling, the wind turbine blades and rotor‐wake aerodynamics are modeled using a modified lifting‐line theory which accounts for blade curvature, combined with a hybrid vortex method. The wind turbine structure and foundation are modeled using a finite‐element and multi‐body system approach. Last, hydrodynamics are modeled using Airy wave theory together with Morison's equation. An initial assessment of the performance of the aeroelastic coupling framework has been performed for steady rotor‐only cases, assuming laminar inflow without shear. This included a comparison against fully resolved computational fluid dynamics, for both stiff and flexible blades showing an excellent agreement. In a second stage, the aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic coupling is used, comparing MIRAS‐HAWC2 as well as blade‐element momentum‐based simulations with selected results from the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration projects (OC3 and OC4), which study the NREL 5 MW turbine mounted on different offshore support structures. A good agreement has been obtained for the simulations of a monopile with rigid foundation, a tripod, and jacket support structures.
Clean Energy Technology for the Mitigation of Climate Change: African Traditional Myth
Authors: Airoboman Abel Ehimen , Airoboman Patience Ose , Airoboman Felix Ayemere 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe global Anticipated Energy Transition Period (AETP) is one that all stakeholders must embrace with respect to curbing energy poverty, thereby addressing issues related to climate change especially in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. The region is endowed with abundant richer, cleaner, and affordable energy sources, majority of which has remained untapped due to many reasons, one of which is tied to the socio-cultural traditional beliefs and value systems of the citizens. This has forced majority of the inhabitants to continue to rely on the use of non-biodegradable materials for the purpose of cooking and many other activities. This value system, therefore, contributes to have had an adverse effect on the climate and also on the health of the citizens most of whom are women and children residing in rural areas. The outlook on the AETP, their effect on climate change, the use of Clean Energy Technology (CET) domestically, the various strata expected to come with the AETP, the socio-cultural dynamics in terms of acceptability by all (rural, peri-urban, and urban areas) is addressed in this chapter. The chapter concluded by designing a CET model that could assist in planning for the AETP and mitigating climate change.
Closing the Circle: Research and Policymaking in Education
Authors: Iftimescu Simona , Ion Georgeta , Proteasa Carmen , Iucu Romiţă , Marin Elena , Stîngu Mihaela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to analyse the configuration of factors contributing to research uptake in education, with a particular focus on the Romanian context. One subsequent objective is to identify mechanisms for developing better synergies, not only between educational practice and research but also between these and educational policy. In doing so, the paper argues for shared responsibility among higher education institutions and policymakers for improving the educational system. The paper relies on results from a survey administered to a selected sample of civil servants in the Romanian central administration involved in the planning, evaluation and implementation of public policies in the field of education. Our results address the mechanisms of research uptake and utilisation by the central administration (communication and dissemination strategies, clarity, access and availability of research data, policymakers’ preferences for certain research topics) and the perceived relationship between researchers and policymakers (for example, the strength and nature of the relationship, or policymakers’ general involvement in research studies). The findings of our study pave the way for an in-depth analysis of organizational factors likely to affect research utilisation: research culture and engagement with researchers; the political and managerial context likely to promote research transfer; and the financial context needed to foster quality results.
Re-Thinking an Educational Model Suitable for 21st Century Needs
Authors: Birtwistle Tim , Wagenaar Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow should learning in higher education best meet the challenges posed by the many changes in society and employment? If graduates are knowledgeable in a particular field of studies and are trained in key generic competences/transferable skills to allow for autonomy and responsibility, is that enough? Is it being achieved? Or are new and diverse sets of learning models (Lifelong Learning or the 60 Year Curriculum) needed? Learners must be empowered to operate as responsible and active citizens in their society and be successful participants in a dynamic labour market. Society will require continuous (re-)training to handle rapid technological and societal changes. To stay relevant as autonomous educational providers, higher education institutions will have to change their formats of learning and teaching. A revised higher education model demands a highly flexible format to cater for individualised learning pathways, based on three key components: (1) a particular field of studies (thematic or disciplinary)—the core—(2) a fully integrated set of transferable skills and (3) a large set of learning units of various sizes covering a flexible curriculum. Can it respond to five societal challenges in each component: interculturalism; processes of information and communication; processes of governance and decision making; ethics, norms, values and professional standards and the impact of climate change? Measuring and Comparing Achievements of Learning Outcomes in Higher Education in Europe (CALOHEE), an EU funded project envisages a new model. The paper will partly be based on the (initial) findings of this project. International cooperation in the context of the EHEA is essential to engage all, and make a change.
Regional Mobility in Europe: The Importance of CEEPUS Based on Hungarian Evidence
Authors: Holicza Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Central European Exchange Programme for University Studies (CEEPUS) was founded more than 25 years ago with the aim of supporting the strategic role of the region by academic and further cooperation among the Central, Eastern and Balkan States of Europe. Its framework covers mobility grants for students and teachers within academic networks designed to operate joint programmes and degrees. The importance and impact of CEEPUS are less researched and highlighted compared to the European Union flagship Erasmus Programme, but its results and potential made a comeback to international political agendas and are an actual topic on policy forums. The current scheme is secured only until 2025. Therefore, this research intends to support decision and policymaking processes for future planning by presenting the outcomes of programme participation and necessary changes for improvement and to answer whether the CEEPUS is still needed besides the Erasmus+ and other mobility programs. Hungary is among the founders and one of the most important member states considering the allocated grants, the number of professional networks and mobilities—that make the processed sample representative and valuable.
S matrix for a three-parameter integrable deformation of AdS3 × S3 strings
Authors: Bocconcello Marco , Masuda Isari , Seibold Fiona K. , Sfondrini Alessandro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider the three-parameter integrable deformation of the AdS3 × S3 superstring background constructed in arXiv:1811.00453. Working on the string worldsheet in uniform lightcone gauge, we find the tree-level bosonic S matrix of the model and study some of its limits.
Exploring color-octet scalar parameter space in minimal R-symmetric models
Authors: Carpenter Linda M. , Murphy Taylor , Smylie Matthew J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work we study the collider phenomenology of color-octet scalars (sgluons) in minimal supersymmetric models endowed with a global continuous R symmetry. We systematically catalog the significant decay channels of scalar and pseudoscalar sgluons and identify novel features that are natural in these models. These include decays in nonstandard diboson channels, such as to a gluon and a photon; three-body decays with considerable branching fractions; and long-lived particles with displaced vertex signatures. We also discuss the single and pair production of these particles and show that they can evade existing constraints from the Large Hadron Collider, to varying extents, in large regions of reasonable parameter space. We find, for instance, that a 725 GeV scalar and a 350 GeV or lighter pseudoscalar can still be accommodated in realistic scenarios.
Dualities for three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SU(Nc) chiral adjoint SQCD
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Fazzi Marco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study dualities for 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SU(Nc) SQCD at Chern-Simons level k in presence of an adjoint with polynomial superpotential. The dualities are dubbed chiral because there is a different amount of fundamentals Nf and antifundamentals Na. We build a complete classification of such dualities in terms of |Nf− Na| and k. The classification is obtained by studying the flow from the non-chiral case, and we corroborate our proposals by matching the three-sphere partition functions. Finally, we revisit the case of SU(Nc) SQCD without the adjoint, comparing our results with previous literature.
On the Isoperimetric Inequality and Surface Diffusion Flow for Multiply Winding Curves
Authors: Miura Tatsuya , Okabe Shinya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we establish a general form of the isoperimetric inequality for immersed closed curves (possibly non-convex) in the plane under rotational symmetry. As an application, we obtain a global existence result for the surface diffusion flow, providing that an initial curve is$$H^2$$H2-close to a multiply covered circle and is sufficiently rotationally symmetric.
Efficacy of laser monotherapy or non-surgical mechanical instrumentation in the management of untreated periodontitis patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Zhikai , Strauss Franz J. , Lang Niklaus P. , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. , Stähli Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate and compare the effects of laser monotherapy with non-surgical mechanical instrumentation alone in untreated periodontitis patients.

Materials and methods
A focused question was formulated based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design criteria (PICOS): in patients with untreated periodontitis, does laser mono-therapy provide adjunctive effects on pocket probing depth (PPD) changes compared with non-surgical instrumentation alone? Both randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were included. The results of the meta-analyses are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Results
The search yielded 1268 records, out of which 8 articles could be included. With respect to PPD changes, a meta-analysis including 5 articles (n = 148) failed to identify statistically significant differences in favor of laser monotherapy for PPD change (WMD = 0.14 mm; 95% CI: − 0.04/0.32; z = 1.51; p = 0.132) nor for clinical attachment level (CAL) (WMD = 0.04 mm; 95% CI: − 0.35/0.42; z = 0.19; p = 0.850). Data on cost-effectiveness are lacking. One study reported patient-related outcome measures (PROMS).

Conclusions
In untreated periodontitis patients, laser monotherapy does not yield superior clinical benefits compared with non-surgical mechanical instrumentation alone.

Clinical relevance
In untreated periodontitis patients, mechanical instrumentation with hand and/or ultrasonic instruments remains the standard of care.
Efficient lubrication of a high-speed electromechanical powertrain with holistic thermal management
Authors: Morhard B. , Schweigert D. , Mileti M. , Sedlmair M. , Lohner T. , Stahl K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to increase the power density of BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles), high-speed concepts are being progressively developed. With increased speed, the power of the electrical machine can be maintained with reduced torque and therefore size, resulting in cost and package advantages. In the joint research project Speed4E with seven industrial and five university partners, such high-speed electromechanical powertrain is being developed and investigated. The electrical machines will run at a maximum rotational speed of 50,000 rpm in the test rig and 30,000 rpm in the test vehicle. The developed lubrication system for the Speed4E transmission aims for high efficiency and optimized heat balance, via a demand-oriented oil flow. In this context, this study investigates how an efficient lubrication system can be designed with respect to the holistic thermal management of the vehicle. Therefore, a hybrid lubrication consisting of dip and injection lubrication is realized. For the analysis and evaluation, efficiency calculations and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations of the oil distribution are presented.
Neutron star merger remnants
Authors: Bernuzzi Sebastiano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBinary neutron star mergers observations are a unique way to constrain fundamental physics and astrophysics at the extreme. The interpretation of gravitational-wave events and their electromagnetic counterparts crucially relies on general-relativistic models of the merger remnants. Quantitative models can be obtained only by means of numerical relativity simulations in $$3+1$$

3
+
1

dimensions including detailed input physics for the nuclear matter, electromagnetic and weak interactions. This review summarizes the current understanding of merger remnants focusing on some of the aspects that are relevant for multimessenger observations.
Using 206/207Pb isotope ratios to estimate phosphorus sources in historical sediments of a lowland river system
Authors: Tye A. M. , Chenery S. , Cave M. R. , Price R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Engineering and dredging strategies to manage sediment, along with river-scouring, can reveal older sediments. These present a unique opportunity to assess past sources of phosphorus (P) inputs into river sediments. We used the sediment concentrations of P, lead (Pb) and 206/207Pb isotopes to produce ‘first-order’ estimates of the source (diffuse agricultural or sewage treatment) of phosphorus.

Materials and methods
Sediment cores (n = 30) were collected from the length of the non-tidal River Nene, a lowland river in eastern England. Cores were analysed for sediment elemental concentrations and Pb isotopes. Principal component analysis and linear regression modelling were used to assess the relationships between P, Pb and Pb isotopes. Monte-Carlo simulations and boot-strapping were undertaken to estimate, with 95% confidence intervals, the source of P in these sediments.

Results and discussion
Analysis of the relationships between PTotal, PbTotal and 206/207Pb isotope ratios suggested that sediments were deposited largely prior to the phasing out of tetra-ethyl Pb (PbBHT) from petrol. Regression models showed positive correlations between PTotal and PbTotal (R2 = 0.85). Principal component analysis suggested a strong sewage treatment signal for Pb and P enrichment. In the rural upper three water bodies, little sewage treatment work (STW)-derived P was found in the sediment, a consequence of limited STW input and greater sediment transport. In the more urbanised water bodies 4–6, ‘first-order estimates’ of STW P suggest that median concentrations were 30–40% of PTotal.

Conclusions
The strong relationships between Pb and P concentrations in river water provided the opportunity to use 206/207Pb isotope ratios to calculate ‘first-order’ estimates of the proportion of P released from STWs in the historical sediment. Understanding the sources of historical sediment P can be used to assess the success of current sediment management strategies and to base further mitigation measures. Results suggest that whilst much recent sediment P is removed, the legacy sediment remains to contribute P to the water body. Thus, options regarding the practical removal of these sediments and the extent to which this would improve water P status need to be assessed and balanced against options such as further decreasing soil P or STW P stripping.
The impact of gender-stereotypical text contents on reading competence in women and men
Authors: Thums Kathrin , Gnambs Timo , Wolter Ilka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocieties have socially shared assumptions about what constitutes typically male or female attributes. Language can contribute to gender inequality by transmitting gender stereotypes. This study examines whether gender-stereotypical connotations in stimulus texts within a reading competence test might serve as a nuisance factor distorting reading competence measurements. In addition to a general factor for reading competence, we expected gender-stereotypical texts to give rise to gender-specific factors regarding the text content. The research was based on a sample of 813 adults from a pilot study of theGerman National Educational Panel Study(NEPS). A bifactor model confirmed a general factor for reading competence. However, the two gender-specific factors were not found; consequently, no substantial gender differences in reading competence for gender-stereotypical text content were observed. These findings indicate that there is no substantial impact of gender-stereotypical text connotations on the measurement of women’s and men’s reading competence.