bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of methylation of deiodinase 3 gene on gene expression and severity of Kashin–Beck disease
Authors: Li Zhaofang , Zhang Di , Li Qiang , Yang Xiaoli , Zhang Rongqiang , Zhang Dandan , Yang Xuena , Wang Chen , Tan Xiwang , Xiong Yongmin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a complex endemic osteoarthropathy, which mainly occurs in the northeast to southwest China. Iodothyronine deiodinases 3 (DIO3) is one of the selenoproteins, which is closely related to bone metabolism and unclear to KBD. This study aims to investigate the role and associated mechanisms of methylation and expression of DIO3 with disease severity in patients with KBD. We performed a bioinformatics analysis first to identify the biological mechanisms involved in selenoproteins. The methylation status of the DIO3 gene and DIO3 gene expression, as well as DIO3‐related regulatory genes in patients with KBD, were analyzed. We found that 15 CpG sites of six selenoproteins were hypomethylated with 5‐azacytidine treatment. DIO3 hypermethylation was associated with an increased risk of KBD and may lead to downregulation of DIO3 gene expression as well as be an indicator of the severity of KBD, which may provide a new insight for gene–environment correlations and interactions in etiology and pathogenesis of KBD.
Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions of an Orally Available TRH Analog (Rovatirelin) With a CYP3A4/5 and P‐Glycoprotein Inhibitor (Itraconazole)
Authors: Kobayashi Kaoru , Abe Yoshikazu , Kawai Asuka , Furihata Takao , Endo Takuro , Takeda Hiroo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effects of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of rovatirelin were investigated in an open‐label, single‐sequence drug‐drug interaction study in 16 healthy subjects. Subjects were administered a single oral dose of rovatirelin (1.6 mg) on day 1 and day 15. From day 8 through 16, subjects received daily oral doses of itraconazole (200 mg/day). Concentrations of rovatirelin and (thiazolylalanyl)methylpyrrolidine (TAMP), the major metabolite of rovatirelin formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5, were determined in plasma and urine. Pharmacokinetic parameters were used to evaluate the drug‐drug interaction potential of rovatirelin as a victim. With coadministration, maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration‐time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) of rovatirelin increased 3.05‐fold and 2.82‐fold, respectively, and the 90% confidence intervals of the ratios for Cmax (2.64‐3.52) and AUCinf (2.47‐3.23) did not fall within the 0.8‐1.25 boundaries. Urinary excretion of rovatirelin increased at almost the same ratio as the AUCinf ratio with coadministration; however, renal clearance did not change. Cmax, AUCinf, and urinary excretion of TAMP were decreased by coadministration. Itraconazole has the potential to inhibit drug transport via intestinal P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP); therefore, substrate assessments of rovatirelin for the 2 transporters were evaluated using Caco‐2 cell monolayers. In vitro studies showed that rovatirelin is a substrate for P‐gp but not for BCRP. The current study shows that itraconazole's effect on rovatirelin pharmacokinetics is mediated through inhibition of CYP3A4/5 and intestinal P‐gp.
Clinical and basic research investigations into the long‐term effects of prenatal opioid exposure on brain development
Authors: Boggess Taylor , Risher W. Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoincident with the opioid epidemic in the United States has been a dramatic increase in the number of children born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a form of withdrawal resulting from opioid exposure during pregnancy. Many research efforts on NAS have focused on short‐term care, including acute symptom treatment and weaning of the infants off their drug dependency prior to authorizing their release. However, investigations into the long‐term effects of prenatal opioid exposure (POE) on brain development, from the cellular to the behavioral level, have not been as frequent. Given the importance of the perinatal period for human brain development, opioid‐induced disturbances in the formation and function of nascent synaptic networks and glia have the potential to impact brain connectivity and cognition long after the drug supply is cutoff shortly after birth. In this review, we will summarize the current state of NAS research, bringing together findings from human studies and preclinical animal models to highlight what is known about how POE can induce significant, prolonged deficits in brain structure and function. With rates of NAS continuing to rise, particularly in regions that already face substantial socioeconomic challenges, we speculate as to the most promising avenues for future research to alleviate this growing multigenerational threat.
Specific Quality of Life Assessment by the NutriQoL® Questionnaire Among Patients Receiving Home Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Zamanillo Campos Rocío , Colomar Ferrer María Teresa , Ruiz López Rosa María , Sanchís Cortés María Pilar , Urgelés Planella Joan Ramón 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHome enteral nutrition (HEN), including tube feeding and oral supplementation, can improve or worsen quality of life (QoL). The specific assessment of factors affecting QoL may identify the inherent problems associated with HEN. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the validated NutriQoL® questionnaire is useful for assessing the QoL and the factors influencing it in patients receiving HEN.MethodsA total of 78 patients receiving HEN completed both the NutriQoL and the SF‐12 questionnaires during their routine visits to nutrition service at the hospital.ResultsNinety percent of patients receiving HEN had cancer, 58% received oral supplements, and 42% received tube feeding. At recruitment, the mean score ± SD of the NutriQoL was 66 ± 14, whereas that of the SF‐12 was 40 ± 9. A positive correlation between NutriQoL and SF‐12 scores (ρ = 0.5; P < .001) was found. Multivariate analysis showed that HEN type (oral vs tube) (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% CI 2.0–15.3; P = .001) and the absence of secondary effects (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2–7.9; P = .024) were both variables explaining NutriQoL results adjusted by sex and age. The SF‐12 results did not show associations with nutrition factors. On visit 2, we observed significant improvements in NutriQoL results.ConclusionThe NutriQoL questionnaire identifies specific problems that affect the QoL of patients receiving HEN, whereas SF‐12 does not. The route of entry and the occurrence of complications influence specific QoL. NutriQoL is a useful tool to identify the factors that worsen the QoL in patients receiving HEN.
Effect of Oropharyngeal Administration of Mother's Milk Prior to Gavage Feeding on Gastrin, Motilin, Secretin, and Cholecystokinin Hormones in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Crossover Study
Authors: Mohammed Abdel‐Rahman , Eid Abdel‐Rahman , Elzehery Rasha , Al‐Harrass Mohammad , Shouman Basma , Nasef Nehad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOropharyngeal administration of milk prior to gavage feeding has been shown to improve feeding tolerance in preterm infants.ObjectivesThe aim is to study the effect of oropharyngeal administration of mother's milk (OPAMM), prior to gavage feeding, on the levels of gastrin, motilin, secretin, and cholecystokinin hormones.MethodsPreterm infants (<32 weeks’ gestation) were randomized at a corrected gestational age of 33–34 weeks, in a crossover design, to receive 1 of 2 protocols: 24 hours of OPAMM practice (applying 0.2 mL of mother's milk prior to each gavage feeding) followed by 24 hours of regular gavage‐feeding practice in the first protocol or vice versa in the second protocol. The levels of gastrin, motilin, secretin, and cholecystokinin hormones were measured at the end of 24 hours of both practices.ResultsThe data of 40 preterm infants (20 in each protocol) were analyzed. OPAMM was associated with a significant increase in the levels of motilin (median, 233; interquartile range [IQR], 196–296 vs median, 196; IQR, 128–233; P < .01), secretin (median, 401; IQR, 353–458 vs median, 370; IQR, 331–407; P = .04), and cholecystokinin (median, 21.4; IQR, 16–27.1 vs median, 14.9; IQR, 11–20.5; P <.01) but not gastrin (median, 202; IQR, 125–238 vs median, 175; IQR, 128–227; P = .7), compared with regular gavage‐feeding practice.ConclusionOro‐pharyngeal stimulation by OPAMM, prior to gavage feeding, significantly increased motilin hormone and possibly increased secretin and cholecystokinin hormones.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) identification in processed fish products using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification and polymerase chain reaction assays
Authors: Xiong Xiong , Huang Manhong , Xu Wenjie , Li Yi , Cao Min , Xiong Xiaohui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFinancial loss and health risk caused by the substitution of rainbow trout for other salmonid species have become a common issue around the world. The situation could be further exacerbated in China by the ‘abused’ common name of San Wen Yu (the corresponding Chinese ideogram 三文鱼) for salmonids, considering the absence of a standardized naming system for seafood species. To prevent such episodes, the present study aimed to develop novel loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for rapid identification of rainbow trout in processed fish products.RESULTSRainbow trout‐specific primers (LAMP and PCR) were designed, and the specificity against 23 different fish species was confirmed. The minimum amount of detectable DNA for LAMP assay reached 500 pg, up to 10‐fold less than for PCR assay. In addition to agarose gel electrophoresis, naked‐eye inspection of the LAMP‐positive samples using SYBR Green I under daylight or ultraviolet light was also validated. Finally, commercial San Wen Yu products made from rainbow trout could be accurately identified using the newly developed LAMP and PCR assays, further cross‐confirmed by mini DNA barcoding and neighbor‐joining dendrograms.CONCLUSIONSThe LAMP and PCR assays established in the study allow a fast and accurate identification of rainbow trout in processed fish products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Nε‐carboxymethyllysine and Nε‐carboxyethyllysine kinetics and water loss analysis during chicken braising
Authors: Zhu Zongshuai , Fang Rui , Zhao Di , Huang Ming , Wei Yunji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBraised chicken is one of the well‐known traditional processed meat products in China. However, reports are scarce with respect to the formation of Nɛ‐carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nɛ‐carboxyethyllysine (CEL) during chicken braising. Furthermore, braising for a long time and using high‐temperature process will result in water loss. However, the relationship between water loss and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) kinetics is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between water loss and kinetics of free and protein‐bound CML and CEL in braised chicken under different braising conditions (60–100 °C for 5–60 min).RESULTSLevels of free and protein‐bound CML and CEL were found to increase with heating time and temperature. The correlation coefficient (r2) was largest at zero‐order reaction (free CML: r2 = 0.908–0.954, protein‐bound CML: r2 = 0.901–0.958, free CEL: r2 = 0.952–0.973, protein‐bound CEL: r2 = 0.959–0.965). The activation energy was 44.158 ± 3.638 kJ mol−1 for free CML, 40.041 ± 3.438 kJ mol−1 for protein‐bound CML, 40.971 ± 0.334 kJ mol−1 for free CEL and 40.247 ± 0.553 kJ mol−1 for protein‐bound CEL. Furthermore, with the increase of braising time and temperature, the drip loss and cooking loss also became aggravated. A significant positive correlation between water loss and AGEs levels during braising was observed by Pearson's correlation analysis (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONWe conclude that the levels of free and protein‐bound CML and CEL during braising were different, although they all met zero‐order reaction kinetics. Water loss was probably one of the main reasons for the formation of AGEs during chicken braising. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Emerging Organic Thermoelectric Applications from Conducting Metallopolymers
Authors: Sun Zelin , Li Jiahua , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) materials are emerging as an attractive and promising candidate for solving the energy crisis in which waste heat is efficiently recycled to generate electricity. In order to realize high thermoelectric energy conversion, an ideal TE material should present high electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, but low thermal conductivity. In recent years, conducting coordination polymers have been recognized as new promising organic materials for TE uses, as they bear the advantages of both inorganic and organic materials: proper integration of metal centers helps to enhance the electrical conductivity, while organic backbones are always heat insulators. Herein, a variety of TE metallopolymers are highlighted and their TE properties as well as the related physical factors are discussed in detail. To the best of current knowledge, the highest figure of merit (ZT) value of p‐type organic polymers to date has reached 0.42, and by comparison, an Ni‐based polymer, poly(Ni‐ett) (ett = 1,1,2,2‐ethenetetrathiolate), is the only n‐type TE material possessing a ZT value comparable to those of PEDOT‐based p‐type counterparts (PEDOT, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)). Based on the current achievements, a promising blueprint is displayed to boost up the further development of metallopolymer‐based organic TE materials in the near future.
Preparation and Properties of Novel Cross‐Linked Fluorinated Poly(aryl ether) with Low Dielectric Constant and High Thermal Stability
Authors: Wang Zhaoyang , Xie Yunrui , Shang Yingshuang , Xu Da , Jiang Zilong , Xu Qinfei , Zhou Chenyi , Zhang Haibo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFluorinated poly(aryl ether)s (FPAEs) have attracted much attention due to their high thermal stability, excellent mechanical strength, and low dielectric constant. High‐molecular‐weight fluorinated poly(aryl ether) containing phenylethynyl (FPAE‐PE) is successfully synthesized by nucleophilic substitution between 3‐ethynylphenol and FPAE. The cross‐linked fluorinated poly(aryl ether) (C‐FPAE‐PE) is prepared by thermal treatment of FPAE‐PE at 300 °C. The thermal stability, dynamic thermomechanical property, and dielectric performance of C‐FPAE‐PE are systematically studied. C‐FPAE‐PE has excellent heat resistance with 5% weight loss temperature (Td5%) at 490 °C in air and high thermomechanical properties with storage modulus retention of 50% at 215 °C. C‐FPAE‐PE displays low and steady dielectric constant of 2.4 and dielectric loss of 0.004 at 215 °C, exhibiting potential applications in the field of microelectronics, communication technology, and energy storage as high‐temperature low dielectric materials.
Fast acquisition with seamless stage translation (FASST) for a trimodal x‐ray breast imaging system
Authors: Zhang Ran , Fowler Amy M. , Wilke Lee G. , Kelcz Frederick , Garrett John W. , Chen Guang‐Hong , Li Ke 
Published: May 2020

PurposeA major technical obstacle to bringing x‐ray multicontrast (i.e., attenuation, phase, and dark‐field) imaging methodology to clinical use is the prolonged data acquisition time caused by the phase stepping procedure. The purpose of this work was to introduce a fast acquisition with seamless stage translation (FASST) technique to a prototype multicontrast breast imaging system for reduced image acquisition time that is clinically acceptable.MethodsThe prototype system was constructed based on a Hologic full‐field digital mammography + digital breast tomosynthesis combination system. During each FASST acquisition process, a motorized stage holding a diffraction grating travels continuously with a constant velocity, and a train of 15 short x‐ray pulses (35 ms each) was delivered by using the Zero‐Degree Tomo mode of the Hologic system. Standard phase retrieval was applied to the 15 subimages without spatial interpolation to avoid spatial resolution loss. The method was evaluated using a physical phantom, a bovine udder specimen, and a freshly resected mastectomy specimen. The FASST technique was experimentally compared with single‐shot acquisition methods and the standard phase stepping method.ResultsThe image acquisition time of the proposed method is 3.7 s. In comparison, conventional phase stepping took 105 s using the same prototype imaging system. The mean glandular dose of both methods was matched at 1.3 mGy. No artifacts or spatial resolution loss was observed in images produced by FASST. In contrast, the single‐shot methods led to spatial resolution loss and residual moiré artifacts.ConclusionsThe FASST technique reduces the data acquisition time of the prototype multicontrast x‐ray breast imaging system to 3.7 s, such that it is comparable to a clinical digital breast tomosynthesis exam.
The impact of microalbuminuria on overactive bladders: Results from a community‐based four‐year longitudinal study in Japan
Authors: Okamoto Teppei , Hatakeyama Shingo , Ando Masataka , Songee Jung , Imai Atsushi , Hamano Itsuto , Fujita Naoki , Okamoto Akiko , Yamamoto Hayato , Yoneyama Tohru , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate the longitudinal association of microalbuminuria with overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsThis longitudinal study investigated 561 participants of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in both 2015 and 2019 in Japan. Microalbuminuria and OAB symptoms were assessed using the urine albuminuria creatinine ratio (ACR) and the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), respectively. Urine ACR was defined as high if ≥9.3 mg/gCr. Differences in OABSS between 2015 and 2019 were evaluated as ∆OABSS. Participants were divided into two groups according to ΔOABSS: high (ΔOABSS > 1) and control (≤1). We used baseline data acquired in 2015, such as urine ACR, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and arterial stiffness expressed by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Predictive factors of a ΔOABSS > 1 were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThis study included 332 women and 229 men. Of those, 86 (34 males and 52 females) were classified into the ΔOABSS > 1 group. There were significant group differences in age, renal function, and hemoglobin A1c. Participants in the ΔOABSS > 1 had a higher prevalence of PSQI > 5, baPWV ≥ 1400 seconds/cm, and urine ACR ≥ 9.3 mg/gCr (49% vs 20%, P = .001) than those in the control group. Multivariable analysis revealed that PSQI > 5 (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15‐4.60; P = .002) and urine ACR ≥ 9.3 mg/gCr (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.15‐3.23; P = .013) were independent risk factors for ΔOABSS > 1.ConclusionsMicroalbuminuria may be an independent risk indicator for OAB symptom exacerbation.
Reproducibility and reference values of diaphragmatic shortening fraction for term and premature infants
Authors: Alonso‐Ojembarrena Almudena , Ruiz‐González Estefanía , Estepa‐Pedregosa Lorena , Armenteros‐López Ana Isabel , Segado‐Arenas Antonio , Lubián‐López Simón Pedro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew ultrasound measurements to diagnose diaphragmatic dysfunction, including diaphragmatic shortening fraction (DSF), have been studied in adults and children, but there are no data on reference values for neonates.ObjectiveTo describe DSF reference values for term neonate (TN) and preterm neonate (PTN), and to calculate its reproducibility.MethodsWe included asymptomatic TN and PTN during their first 24 hours of life. We measured DSF at the zone of apposition in both hemithoraces. Reproducibility of image acquisition, including inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement of the measurements were calculated among an experienced and a novel operator (after completion of a 1‐day course on lung ultrasound [LU] and performance of 10 diaphragm ultrasounds [DUs] under supervision), and a more‐trained examiner (completion of a 1‐day course on LU and performance of 60 DUs under supervision).ResultsTwo groups of 33 TN and 33 PTN were studied. Median DSF values did not differ between the groups, although diaphragm thickness was higher in the TN group. Intra‐observer reproducibility: the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.86‐0.98). Interobserver reproducibility with novel operator had an ICC of 0.42 (95% CI −0.74 to 0.81), and with a more experienced operator improved to 0.76 (95% CI 0.27‐0.92). Both intra‐ and interobserver agreement were high.ConclusionsAsymptomatic TN and PTN have similar DSF values in the first 24 hours of life. The intra‐ and interobserver agreement is high. Reproducibility is acceptable, but intensive training is necessary to perform adequate DU.
Unconditional Accumulation of Nonclassicality in a Single‐Atom Mechanical Oscillator
Authors: Podhora Lukáš , Pham Tuan , Lešundák Adam , Obšil Petr , Čížek Martin , Číp Ondřej , Marek Petr , Slodička Lukáš , Filip Radim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe robust experimental accumulation of nonclassicality of motion of a single trapped ion is reported. The nonclassicality stems from deterministic incoherent modulation of thermal phonon number distribution implemented by a laser excitation of nonlinear coupling between the ion's internal—electronic levels and external—motional states. It is demonstrated that the repetitive application of this nonlinear process monotonically accumulates the observable state nonclassicality. The output states converge to a phonon number distribution with high overlap with a particular Fock state and visible quantum non‐Gaussian aspects including corresponding negative Wigner function. The resulting oscillator states prove deterministic transition in the hierarchy of quantum non‐Gaussianity up to four phonons. This transition is very robust against experimental imperfections and produces increasing entanglement potential.
High‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with post‐column pH modification: Independent pH optimization for chromatographic separation and electrospray ionization
Authors: Bollmann Ulla E. , Bester Kai 
Published: May 2020

RationaleIn recent environmental research, multi‐methods using high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) have become more and more important for the analysis of organic micropollutants in environmental matrices. As the targeted compounds usually have different physicochemical properties, the optimization of these methods is challenging.MethodsThe pH in the electrospray of the mass spectrometer ion source was modified independently of the one used for the HPLC separation, using a post‐column HPLC flow to make the spray acidic or alkaline. The method development was carried out manually in a systematic multistep way.ResultsThe method used for the analysis of organic biocides (e.g., terbutryn, propiconazole, and isothiazolinones) was optimized. It was shown that the use of a neutral as well as an acidified gradient could not be optimized for all target compounds, whereas a neutral gradient with post‐column acidification was optimum for all target compounds.ConclusionsAcidic or alkaline post‐column infusion allows pH optimization for ionization conditions, independent of the pH optimization for chromatographic separation. The introduction of an additional modifier might also allow the minimization of matrix effects or directed formation of sodium adducts, without affecting the chromatographic separation.