bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipids: Emerging Players of Microglial Biology
Authors: Prakash Priya , Randolph Caitlin E. , Walker Katherine A. , Chopra Gaurav 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLipids are small molecule immunomodulators that play critical roles in maintaining cellular health and function. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, regulate lipid metabolism both in the extracellular environment and within intracellular compartments through various mechanisms. For instance, glycerophospholipids and fatty acids interact with protein receptors on the microglial surface, such as the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2, influencing cellular functions like phagocytosis and migration. Moreover, cholesterol is essential not only for microglial survival but, along with other lipids such as fatty acids, is crucial for the formation, function, and accumulation of lipid droplets, which modulate microglial activity in inflammatory diseases. Other lipids, including acylcarnitines and ceramides, participate in various signaling pathways within microglia. Despite the complexity of the microglial lipidome, only a few studies have investigated the effects of specific lipid classes on microglial biology. In this review, we focus on major lipid classes and their roles in modulating microglial function. We also discuss novel analytical techniques for characterizing the microglial lipidome and highlight gaps in current knowledge, suggesting new directions for future research on microglial lipid biology.
The Mini‐Cog: A Community Screening Tool for Dementia in Indonesia
Authors: Turana Yuda , Farina Nicolas , Theresia Imelda , Sani Tara Puspitarini , Suswanti Ika , Fitri Fasihah Irfani , Albanese Emiliano , Comas‐Herrera Adelina , Knapp Martin , Banerjee Sube 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEarly detection of dementia enables more effective planning and can enable access to treatment and support. The Mini‐Cog is a widely used screening instrument in Indonesia; however, this instrument has never undergone a translation and cultural adaptation process. Currently, there is no data on how accurate the tool is against diagnostic criteria, particularly in low‐education.MethodsEmbedded within the community‐based dementia prevalence study was the Strengthening Responses to Dementia in Developing Countries (STRiDE) project; older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) were randomly recruited from sites in Jakarta and North Sumatra, Indonesia. All participants were asked to complete the Mini‐Cog and the 10/66 short dementia diagnostic schedule. The accuracy of three Mini‐Cog algorithms (Mini‐Cog1, Mini‐Cog2, and Mini‐Cog3) were compared against and the 10/66 short dementia diagnostic schedule. Additional analysis explored its performance accuracy at different educational levels.ResultsThe Mini‐Cog test performance assessment was conducted on 2098 older adultsThe area under the curve (AUC) of Mini‐Cog1, Mini‐Cog2, and Mini‐Cog3 receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.66, 0.62, and 0.64, respectively. All algorithms demonstrated high sensitivity (Sv) but low specificity (Sp). (Mini‐Cog1: Sv 83.2%; Sp 49.2%, Mini‐Cog2: Sv 87.1%; Sp 37.8% and Mini‐Cog3: Sv 72.5%; Sp 56%). All algorithms showed no affected by education. Only 59.1% of people without dementia could do the CDT.ConclusionsThe high sensitivity of the Mini‐Cog1 algorithm lends itself to screening purposes. Given that the specificity is still low, and less than 60% of patients without dementia can complete the CDT. Further research is needed, as is the development of screening instruments with high accuracy values in low‐ and middle‐income countries, particularly in Indonesia.
Nodal Yield From Neck Dissection Predicts the Anti‐Tumor Immune Response in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Chen Shuqing , Pyne Justin M. , Liu Yulun , Abraham Youstina , Wen Zhuoyu , Palsgrove Doreen , Xiao Guanghua , Truelson John , Myers Larry , Tillman Brittny , Day Andrew , Gordin Eli , Stankova Lenka , Xie Yang , Sher David , Bishop Justin , Gao Jinming , Sumer Baran D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLymph node count (LNC) from neck dissection has been associated with undernutrition and survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). As local components of the immune system, cervical lymph nodes may reflect anti‐tumor immune status. This study investigates the relationship between decreased LNC, formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), and primary tumor infiltration by lymphocytes in undernourished patients.MethodsA matched‐cohort study was conducted in a tertiary medical center, where neck dissection quality was standardized for a total of 384 subjects that were evaluated. Six head and neck cancer patients that underwent primary surgery including neck dissection with low LNC and BMI (low BMI < 23, low LNC ≤ 5.6 per neck level) were matched by stage, p16 status, and subsite to 16 patients with normal BMI and high LNC. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and the number and quality of TLS within primary tumors. Whole primary cancers underwent automated analysis and counting of leukocytes after multiplexed immunohistochemistry staining of tumor slides. A head and neck pathologist blindly scored the number and maturity of TLS. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze outcomes.ResultsThe patients with low BMI and low LNC had significantly fewer CD3 (p = 0.0136), CD8 (p = 0.0003), and CD20 (p = 0.0334) cells in their primary tumors compared to patients with normal BMI and LNC. The low BMI low LNC patients also had fewer mature TLS (0.83/tumor) in their primary cancers compared to patients with normal BMI and high LNC (5.4/tumor) and also had greater than fourfold lower mature TLS density (TLS per μm2 mean) (6.34 × 10−9 vs. 2.82 × 10−8), with significantly worsened survival relative to patients with low BMI and normal LNC and patients with normal BMI.ConclusionLow LNC predicts worsened survival only in low BMI HNSCC patients with non‐HPV related tumors and in these patients is associated with markers of immunosuppression such as fewer tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T‐cells, CD20+ cells, and fewer TLS in primary cancers compared to matched normal BMI patients with high LNC.
Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) Compared to Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) for Primary Inguinal Hernia Repair in a Military Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Basukala Sunil , Shrestha Oshan , Chhetri Suchit Thapa , Thapa Niranjan , Oli Samana , Mehta Bipin K. , Pokhrel Nabin , Tiwari Bishal 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInguinal hernias are encountered commonly, but there is a lack of uniformity and standardization in repair techniques. There are a variety of repair methods, from open methods to laparoscopic approaches. The available laparoscopic techniques that exist for inguinal hernia repair are transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair. This study aims to compare the outcomes of these two laparoscopic procedures.MethodsThe study was initiated after receiving ethical clearance. This single‐centric retrospective study included the patients that underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023. Patient records were reviewed and assessed against the inclusion criteria of the study. Systematic random sampling was applied to select patients from the records. A structured questionnaire was prepared for the purpose of data collection. The data were refined and analyzed using the SPSS software.ResultsA total of 200 patients (100 in each group) who underwent laparoscopic repair of an inguinal hernia were part of this study. The median (IQR) age of patients in the TAPP group was 50 (41.25–64.75) years, and that in the TEP group was 48.5 (39.25–64.75) years. The TAPP procedure took a median (IQR) time of 81 (77–88) min, while the TEP procedure took 69 (66–73) min to finish. The patients in the TAPP group returned to their normal activities after 15 (14–16) days of surgery, and the patients in the TEP group returned after 13 (11–14) days. The pain score at 1 week was found to be better in the TEP group. No difference was observed in complications or recurrence.ConclusionTEP repair was found to be superior to TAPP repair in terms of procedural time, return to normal activities, and pain score at 1 week.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐targeting therapy augmented the sensitivity to programmed death ligand‐1 blockade by enhancing interferon‐γ‐induced chemokines in tumor cells
Authors: Yabuki Yohei , Mitsuhashi Atsushi , Ogino Hirokazu , Yoshida Aito , Nguyen Na Thi , Yoneda Hiroto , Ozaki Ryohiko , Tsukazaki Yuki , Morita Yutaka , Nokihara Hiroshi , Sato Seidai , Shinohara Tsutomu , Hanibuchi Masaki , Nishioka Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) provide clinical benefits for various advanced malignancies. However, the predictive factors that determine sensitivity to ICIs have not been fully elucidated. We focused on tumor‐derived CXCL10/11 as a pivotal factor that determines the response to PD‐L1 blockade by regulating T cell accumulation and tumor angiogenesis. We previously reported that CXCL10/11 was upregulated by interferon (IFN)‐γ in ICI‐sensitive tumor cells but not in ICI‐resistant cells, including mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). In the present study, gene silencing of tumor‐derived CXCL10/11 induced resistance to PD‐L1 blockade in AB1‐HA mesothelioma cell‐bearing mice. To identify the mechanisms underlying ICI resistance, we performed a microarray analysis to compare the IFN‐γ‐inducible genes between ICI‐sensitive AB1‐HA and ICI‐resistant LLC in vitro. A pathway analysis based on microarray data indicated that hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) 1A is the key signal that inhibits CXCL10/11 expression. We revealed that the HIF1A inhibitors echinomycin (EC) and YC‐1 upregulated CXCL10/11 genes induced by IFN‐γ in tumor cells in vitro. In addition, combination therapy with PD‐L1 blockade and EC demonstrated synergistic antitumor effects in LLC‐bearing mice. Combination therapy enhanced tumor infiltration of CD8 T cells and suppressed tumor angiogenesis. The present study suggests that HIF1A signaling in tumor cells dominates ICI resistance via the downregulation of tumor‐derived CXCL10/11.
The Credit Channel of Monetary Transmission in the US: Is It a Bank Lending Channel, a Balance Sheet Channel or Both or Neither?
Authors: Brissimis Sophocles N. , Papafilis Michalis‐Panayiotis 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe develop a theoretical framework that extends the Bernanke and Blinder model to incorporate imperfect substitution between internal and external finance of firms to study the operation of both the bank lending and the balance sheet channels of monetary transmission in the US. Our model is used to quantify the financial accelerator effects due to the operation of these channels. Empirically, we use multivariate cointegration techniques to identify the equilibrium relationships included in our model, and we provide evidence that only the balance sheet channel is operational for the period before and after the global financial crisis.
Informational Differences, Adaptive Learning, and Inflation Forecast Bias
Authors: Chen Qiang , Yin Zechen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis work highlights a previously overlooked factor that contributes to bias in private inflation forecasts—ignorance of confidential monetary rules. Additionally, it examines how this ignorance indirectly affects policy rate settings. The model proposed reconciles biases in two key forecast sources: the inflation expectations from the Survey of Professional Forecasters and the Federal Reserve's Greenbook forecasts for the output gap. Moreover, the model investigates the impact of informational differences on monetary policy transmission and identifies clear conditions under which inflation rises following a contractionary monetary policy shock.
Evaluating a screening‐to‐intervention model with caregiver training for response to name among children with autism
Authors: Conine Daniel E. , Dumas Lera A. , Collum Sarah A. , Wilson Lindsey N. , Gayman Cassondra M. , Keller Chelsea E. , Marya Videsha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAmong the developmental milestones related to language and communication in early childhood, one that has been the subject of considerable research is response to name (RTN). Delayed or absent RTN in early childhood is a diagnostic marker for autism spectrum disorder and a target behavior in many early intervention curricula. This article describes two related studies. Study 1 evaluated the efficacy and efficiency of a behavioral screening‐to‐intervention model for RTN proposed by recent research. Overall, trials to mastery were reduced relative to previous research. Study 2 evaluated the efficacy of using behavioral skills training to teach caregivers to implement a RTN intervention with their child after that intervention was successful in a clinical setting. Generalized improvements in RTN with caregivers sometimes occurred but did not maintain without programmed reinforcement. Subsequent behavioral skills training was associated with increases in both child RTN and caregiver intervention fidelity.
Development of a Visible–Near Infrared Projected Multispectral Imaging System for Intraoperative Breast Tumor Margin Assessment
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Shuyu , Guo Sisi , Gao Jing , Zhou Xudong , Chen Qian , Yang Houpu , Xie Fei , Wang Shu , Gao Kun , Liu Lihui , Zhang Ruoyu , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA visible–near infrared (VIS–NIR) projected multispectral imaging (Proj‐MSI) system consisting of an MSI subsystem and a compact projector for intraoperative breast tumor margin assessment was developed. MSI with an average spectral resolution of 24 nm was realized through sequential illumination of 26 sets of VIS–NIR light‐emitting diodes and synchronized single NIR‐sensitive camera image capture. Rapid (~1 min) tumor margin delineation revealed significantly (p < 0.01, Student's t‐test) reduced reflectivity associated with breast tumor. Speeded‐up robust features algorithm‐based field of view calibration allowed the MSI identified tumor margins to be projected directly onto the breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) surgical cavity with a projection error of < 1 mm. Besides, the projected tumor margin boundaries were outlined using Indian ink to simulate breast tumor removal, demonstrating the potential of the Proj‐MSI system developed for intraoperative tumor margin assessment during BCS.
Muscle Mass Index Decline as a Predictor of Lung Function Reduction in the General Population
Authors: Choi Joon Young , Rhee Chin Kook , Kim Sang Hyuk , Jo Yong Suk 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study explores the link between muscle mass decline and lung function deterioration, which can worsen respiratory health by reducing exercise capacity and quality of life. The relationship between muscle mass index (MMI) changes and lung function in the general population remains unclear, especially as muscle mass fluctuates with aging. We aimed to clarify this dynamic relationship by examining how changes in muscle mass impact pulmonary function and the development of respiratory symptoms.MethodsWe utilized the Ansan and Ansung Cohort Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) database, a large‐scale prospective cohort, enrolling participants aged 40 to 69 years with lung function and body composition measurements. Over 12 years, data were collected biannually. The study assessed associations between changes in MMI and lung function trends, with cT1‐T3 calculated using the linear regression coefficient and stratified by tertile. Survival analysis was then performed to examine differences in time to first airflow obstruction (AFO) and exacerbation among the tertiles.ResultsA total of 2956 participants were enrolled in this study. At baseline, participants with higher MMI tended to be younger, had fewer co‐morbidities and exhibited better lung function. Those with a steeper MMI decline rate exhibited a more rapid forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline over a 12‐year follow‐up (cT1: 43.3 mL/year, cT2: 38.4 mL/year, cT3: 33.2 mL/year, p < 0.001). Forced vital capacity (FVC) decline were more pronounced in groups with greater MMI decline rates (cT1: 38.5 mL/year, cT2: 32.8 mL/year, cT3: 26.0 mL/year, p < 0.001). Although, the time to first AFO did not differ significantly among T1‐T3 groups, the time to first exacerbation related to wheezing event was significantly lower in cT3 group than in cT1 group (HR: 0.786, 95% CI: 0.629, 0.982).ConclusionsA faster decline in MMI was associated with more rapid decline of both FEV1 and FVC and a higher risk of developing exacerbations of respiratory symptom. Although AFO was not associated with changes in MMI, further research is needed to explore the long‐term relationships between muscle mass and the effects of preventive interventions aimed at maintaining muscle mass and respiratory health.
Lonafarnib Protects Against Muscle Atrophy Induced by Dexamethasone
Authors: Bae Sanghoon , Mai Van‐Hieu , Mun Seyoung , Dong Dalong , Han Kyudong , Park Sunghyouk , Hyun Jung Keun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMuscle atrophy, including glucocorticoid‐induced muscle wasting from treatments such as dexamethasone (DEX), results in significant reductions in muscle mass, strength and function. This study investigates the potential of lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, to counteract DEX‐induced muscle atrophy by targeting key signalling pathways.MethodsWe utilized in vitro models with C2C12 myotubes treated with DEX and in vivo models with Caenorhabditis elegans and DEX‐treated Sprague–Dawley rats. Myotube morphology was assessed by measuring area, fusion index and diameter. Muscle function was evaluated by grip strength and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in the gastrocnemius (GC) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Molecular mechanisms were explored through RNA sequencing and Western blotting to assess changes in mitochondrial function and muscle signalling pathways.ResultsLonafarnib (2 μM) significantly improved myotube area (1.49 ± 0.14 × 105 μm2 vs. 1.03 ± 0.49 × 105 μm2 in DEX, p < 0.05), fusion index (18.73 ± 1.23% vs. 13.3 ± 1.56% in DEX, p < 0.05) and myotube diameter (31.89 ± 0.89 μm vs. 21.56 ± 1.01 μm in DEX, p < 0.05) in C2C12 myotubes. In C. elegans, lonafarnib (100 μM) increased the pharyngeal pumping rate from 212 ± 7.21 contractions/min in controls to 308 ± 17.09 contractions/min at day 4 (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced neuromuscular function. In DEX‐induced atrophic rats, lonafarnib improved maximal grip strength (DEX: 13.91 ± 0.78 N vs. 1 μM lonafarnib: 16.18 ± 0.84 N and 5 μM lonafarnib: 16.71 ± 0.83 N, p < 0.05), increased muscle weight in GC, and enhanced CMAP amplitudes in both GC and TA muscles. Western blot analysis showed that lonafarnib treatment upregulated UCP3 and ANGPTL4 and increased phosphorylation of mTOR and S6 ribosomal protein (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced mitochondrial function and protein synthesis. Knockdown models further demonstrated that lonafarnib could partially rescue muscle atrophy phenotypes, indicating its action through multiple molecular pathways.ConclusionsLonafarnib mitigates dexamethasone‐induced muscle atrophy by enhancing mitochondrial function and activating anabolic pathways. These findings support further investigation of lonafarnib as a therapeutic agent for muscle atrophy in clinical settings.
Camouflaging in neurodivergent and neurotypical girls at the transition to adolescence and its relationship to mental health: A participatory methods research study
Authors: McKinney Ailbhe , O’Brien Sarah , Maybin Jacqueline A. , Chan Stella W. Y. , Richer Simone , Rhodes Sinead 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent girls with diagnoses of autism, ADHD and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at higher risk for mental health problems than boys with the same diagnoses and neurotypical girls. These girls are called neurodivergent here, though neurodivergence includes a broader range of diagnoses. One possible reason for this mental health disparity could be camouflaging, a coping strategy used more by girls. Camouflaging is when the individual pretends to be neurotypical, often involving substantial effort. This study aims to understand: (a) if the use of camouflaging has started by early adolescence, (b) how components of camouflaging (assimilation, masking, and compensation) present at this age, (c) if age predicts camouflaging and (d) what is the relationship with mental health.MethodsParticipatory methods: A co‐production team of 15 adult neurodivergent women co‐produced the project and ranked camouflaging as their most important research theme.Main Study: Participants were 119 girls (70 neurodivergent, 49 neurotypical) aged 11–14 years. A transdiagnostic approach was adopted and the neurodivergent group had a diagnosis of autism, ADHD and/or DCD. Girls completed self‐report measures of camouflaging, anxiety, and depression in an online meeting with a researcher.ResultsNeurodivergent and neurotypical girls presented similarly on two components of camouflaging namely masking and compensation, components related to presenting in a socially acceptable way and mimicry. Groups differed on the assimilation component, which is related to trying to fit in and involves the feelings of pretending/acting. Age had a medium effect on camouflaging with higher levels of camouflaging observed in older girls. Camouflaging scores strongly predicted anxiety and depression scores in both groups.ConclusionsThe use of camouflaging, specifically assimilation, is evident in a transdiagnostic sample of 11–14 year old neurodivergent girls. Importantly, the strong relationship between camouflaging and poor mental health is present at this early age, substantiating the co‐production team's insights.
Women faculty members’ challenges when pursuing leadership positions in academic dentistry: A survey
Authors: Cain Lisa D. , Andrews Elizabeth , Joy‐Thomas Anita , Mathu‐Muju Kavita R. , ElHachem Lea , Garcia M. Nathalia , De Melo Mary A. S. , Brady Michelle , López Ana N. , Holyfield Lavern J. , Nyquist Jo Ann A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThis study addresses persistent gender disparities in leadership roles in academic dentistry. The objectives were to identify the challenges and barriers to leadership that women face in general and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as well as to describe resources they need to reach their leadership potential.MethodsThe American Dental Education Association Section on Women in Leadership (WIL), gathered survey data concerning leadership challenges and faculty development needs. The survey targeted 300 WIL members in leadership roles or aspiring to leadership roles. It was conducted from January to March 2021 and 128 participants responded (response rate: 42.7%). The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.ResultsThe most frequent reported leadership barriers indicated by the survey respondents were lack of mentoring, limited leadership training, lack of sponsorship from administration, family obligations and limited job opportunities. The participants stated that the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, affecting collaborations, increasing stress, and impacting scholarly productivity. The survey responses showed how external factors can challenge faculty productivity. Respondents identified mentoring, increased leadership opportunity awareness, and leadership development seminars as factors most helpful for their professional development.ConclusionsThis study identified women faculty members’ perceptions of why disparities persist in gender equity in leadership in dental education. It suggests developing gender specific leadership strategies and resources. Addressing barriers requires concerted efforts at the institutional, national, and global levels. This is vital for achieving gender parity in leadership roles in dental education settings.