bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ genetic engineering of tumors for long-lasting and systemic immunotherapy
Authors: Tzeng Stephany Y. , Patel Kisha K. , Wilson David R. , Meyer Randall A. , Rhodes Kelly R. , Green Jordan J. 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceThere is an urgent need for improved cancer immunotherapies. The nanoparticles described here deliver genes to stimulate the immune system to specifically kill tumor cells. This synthetic, biodegradable system avoids the use of common gene delivery materials like viruses that can have safety concerns and manufacturing limitations. Local nanoparticle delivery evades adverse side effects stemming from systemic administration of immune-activating therapeutics. Importantly, this technology causes a tumor-targeting response but does not require prior knowledge of a particular patient’s gene expression profile; thus, it can serve as a platform to combat many different solid cancers. Moreover, local nanoparticle administration causes a systemic cellular immune response, which has the potential to lead to better outcomes in the context of recurrence or metastasis.
Lock-brick system technology is an ecological building material innovation
Authors: Susilawati C L , Yulius Suni P K , Tjandra E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The rapid development of housing requires the support of building materials technology innovation. The problem is that the cost of building materials produced not affordable by people in rural areas or for the lower-middle-class people. The buildings in the city are magnificent, but in contrary, in the village many houses still consist of bamboo-wall and leaf-roof. Some tried to build their houses using bricks, but they could not finish the building construction due to limited budget for purchasing material. It encourages for development of an environmentally friendly, safe and cheap building material: lock-brick. Villagers could make this material by themself since the raw materials are soils plus a little cement with a ratio between 1:8-10. First, this technology was piloted for simple house building, then for dormitories building and household-scale rainwater management, consisting of rainwater reservoir and runoff catchment ditches. Then, this system implemented for retaining-walls construction and currently also being tested for campus parking area. The trials results are good, and the construction costs are also much cheaper. It could reduce by 50%. Once again, the construction is very environmentally friendly, so can be said that this lock-brick system is an ecological building material innovation.
Provision of community based clean water in Tonggo village, Nangaroro District, Nagekeo Regency
Authors: Meo Y , Tyas I W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The development of the clean water sector in rural areas is intended to help rural communities who do not have access to safe and decent clean water, especially the poor. Clean water facilities that have been built, then managed by the community with the establishment of a village institution called LPPAM (Drinking Water User Management Agency). Service reliability is indicated by the quality and continuity of water received by the water customer community. To test these allegations, research has been conducted using field observation techniques, interviews, and filling out questionnaires. The results showed that rural clean water management in Tonggo Village, for the majority of service aspects, was still in the category of less satisfied, and the quantity aspect was still insufficient. For water, quality is tasteless, colorless, and odorless. As for the continuity aspect, it still cannot flow 24 hours for some parts of the region in Tonggo Village. It is hoped that with this research, LPPAM - Tonggo will learn more or take courses and training to get community-based management so that they can work and serve the community better.
Construction labor’s physiological workload based on labor’s perspective
Authors: Anondho B , Suparman M Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Construction craftwork is a physically strenuous and demanding occupation. Physically demanding work leads to physical fatigue which is associated with decreased productivity. This paper investigates the feasibility of measuring in situ physical demands based on a labor perspective. In that case, physiological measures of energy expenditure data were collected from 110 construction workers performing typical construction work, in this case, is an ironworker. The measurement of energy expenditure during physical work activities is considered a measure of the physiological workload experienced by construction workers. The measured data were evaluated against published guidelines for acceptable levels of physical performance. The result shows that the working load of ironworkers in Jakarta is very heavy on 3.0925 Kcal/minute energy expenditure by labor perspective. This paper developed for further applied research regarding the physical demands of construction work.
A GIS analysis approach for flood vulnerability and risk assessment index models at sub-district scale
Authors: Djamaluddin I , Indrayani P , Caronge M A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents flood vulnerability and risk assessment index models, with the aim to establish a spatial risk index at sub-district scales for urban flood scenarios in the Makassar region. Firstly, the overall vulnerability assessment to floods based on the local framework analysis of the BNPB (The Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management) has been developed using Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis. These indicators were composed of various social, physical, economic, and environmental factors. Second, GIS analysis conducts grid index modeling of flood hazard model by incorporating the measurement of floods in 2013 as a flood hazard scenario. Finally, by combining the spatial factors of flood hazard and flood vulnerabilities, a flood risk assessment model has been simulated at sub-district scales to evaluate the potential impacts on social, physical, economic, and environmental aspects.
Analysis the effects of soil-structure interaction on the seismic behaviours of a 5-stories reinforced concrete building with basements
Authors: Sudarsana I K , Widiarsa I B R , Predana I M A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents analysis results of structural behaviour with and without soil-structure interaction on a five-story reinforced concrete building with basements due to seismic loads. Two numbers of basements were considered namely the building with one basement floor (M1 model) and two basement floors (M2 model). Each of the M1 and M2 model has three variations with and without the soil structure interaction namely the model with the fixed supports (MJ1 and MJ2 models), the model with solid element of the soil (MSo1 and MSo2 models), and the model with lateral soil support of spring elements (MSp1 and MSp2 models). The Soil parameters of modulus elasticity, poisons ratio, reaction modulus and spring stiffness for the MSo and MSp models were obtained from soil investigation. All six models having loads combination of gravity and earthquake loads were analysed using a finite element software package program. All loadings and design codes follow Indonesian codes. Earthquake loads were evaluated using two methods namely equivalent static loads and spectrum response analysis. The results show that the roof-floor displacements of the soil-structure interaction model (MSo and MSp) are greater 2% to 3% than to that of the non-soil-structure interaction models (MJ). The roof drift and natural fundamental period of the MSo and MSp models is greater 1% to 2% than that of the MJ model. The axial force of the columns in the MSo and MSp models is less 1% to 3% than the MJ model. The addition of basement floors to the building and modelling with soil structure interactions can minimize the roof floor displacement, the natural fundamental period of the structure, and axial force of the column by 1% to 2%.
Compressive strength of laterite soil stabilized with rice straw ash and fly ash based geopolymer
Authors: Rangan P R , Irmawaty R , Amiruddin A A , Bakri B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study discusses the use of rice straw ash, fly ash and alkali activators (NaOH) to bind laterite soils, where the hardening process is carried out at room temperature to form geopolymers. Comparison of the binder composition used consisted of straw ash: fly ash: laterite soil that is 0.417: 0.167: 0.417 based on weight ratio, using a base activator (NaOH). Flow testing on new geopolymers shows that all materials are well bound and there is no segregation. The specimens are curing until 3, 7 and 28 days old. There are two curing methods used, which are keep in the room temperature and immersed in fresh water, to observe the resistance of the specimens to environmental. Experimental results show that laterite soil with straw ash-fly ash based geopolymer can provide sufficient compressive strength.
Compressive strength of medium calcium fly ash based geopolymer paste
Authors: Guntur I N , Tjaronge M W , Irmawaty R , Ekaputri J J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study discusses the effect of heating duration and curing age on compressive strength geopolymer paste made with medium calcium fly ash and potassium hydroxide solution (KOH). The hardening process was performed in an oven at a temperature of 100 ± 5°C in a variety of heating duration for 2, 4, and 6 hours to form a geopolymer paste with a potassium hydroxide concentration of 6 M. Flow testing on fresh paste indicatesd that all materials was bond properly without segregation. After the heating process in the oven, the spesimens were cured at room temperature until the age of 3, 7, and 28 days. The results of the compressive tests indicated that the heating duration and curing age were the key factors. Where there is no visible negative effect of the medium level CaO content in fly ash against compressive strength development of the hardened geopolymer paste.
Feasibility of using slacked lime in producing high calcium fly ash based geopolymer mortar
Authors: Al-Basyar M H , Tjaronge M W , Amiruddin A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many efforts have been made to decrease ordinary Portland cement (OPC) consumption in the construction world. One of which is developing research on geopolymer material. A type of base material to produce geopolymers is fly ash that rich silica and alumina. This paper aims to the study possibility of using hydrated lime in producing high calcium fly ash based geopolymer mortar. The test material is then given curing treatment for 3 and 7 days before being tested for compressive strength. The test results of material characteristics indicate that the compressive strength at 7 days can be used as a concrete brick for class IV wall pairs for the level of quality of hollow concrete brick of 20 kg / cm2 based on SNI 03-0349-1989.
Shape optimization of shell structure by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) method
Authors: Adha A , Kurniawan  , Agus F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Shell structure has been popular for various application in building, aerospace, oil and gas, ship and automobile industry. This type of element is light weight and can be provide great stiffness for large structure. Furthermore, it is very useful for building architecture and appearance. However, currently, construction is not only concerning structural strength but also focusing on building cost and its impact to environment. Finding the balance between structural strength, cost and aesthetic appearance is essentials this nowadays. Hence, construction framework to find the leeway between those parameters is greatly important. This paper will discuss the framework for shape optimization of shell element by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. The shape of structure will be developed from Non-Uniform Rationale Bi-Spline (NURBS). Finite element analysis based on Reissner-Mindlin plate theory is utilized to find the element stress within the structure. Genetic algorithm method will evaluate and perform search operation inside the result domain with constraints of structural weight and element stress. The framework then was implemented in numerical example to find its effectiveness on obtaining the most optimum shape of shell structure. Based on the numerical result, it is clear that the proposed frame work is able to reach the convergence to the optimum structure without violating the given constraints.
A mathematical model for strength prediction of HPC containing copper slag as a cementitious material
Authors: Edwin R S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
High-performance concrete (HPC) encompasses cement, copper slag, sand, coarse aggregate, superplasticizer, and water. The strength of HPC is determined by the specific surface area of supplementary cementitious materials. Hence it is interesting to investigate the effect of copper slag as a cement replacement on the strength of HPC. In this study, three-level of water-to-cement ratios (0.3, 0,4, and 0,5) were chosen. The various concrete mixtures are produced with increasing copper slag contents from 0 to 40 wt.% in steps of 10 wt.% as cement replacement. To obtain two levels of fineness, the copper slag was milled using a ball mill. The result shows that the strength of concrete containing copper slag for all water-to-cement ratio was lower than the control mixture at an early age (7 days). For the longer curing periods (28 days), the compressive strength of concrete was similar or slightly higher compared to the reference mixture at the replacement level up to 20% for two-level of fineness. A new model, according to Abrams Law, which is Abram-RET, is being proposed by the author to predict the compressive strength of high-performance concrete at 28 days, which gives a strong correlation with the experimental results.
Bearing capacity of synthetic granular column enchased reinforcement geogrid on soft soil
Authors: Kurniatullah D A , Samang L , Hartanto T , Ali N 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe soil reinforcement method using columns has been widely used in some places. Stones or sand and stones are commonly used as fillers for those columns. The availability of natural stones constitutes a major constraint in some areas where there are no coarse aggregates (gravel). This research aims to analyze the use of artificial granular columns using geogrids on soft soil reinforcement. As column fillers, geogrid wrapped synthetic gravel was used. Variations in the shape of the synthetic gravel included a triangular prism, cube, and hexagonal prism. The test tub used was 800 mm in diameter, with a height of 1,400 mm. Column loading was undertaken for each variation in the size of synthetic gravel, plus a combination of the three sizes. The amount of column loading for each variation was 30 kN. Based on results of the loading test, the largest carrying capacity was generated by columns with fillers of synthetic gravel with a hexagonal prism shape and a combination of the three variations.
Characteristics study of over boulder asbuton as pozzolanic material for soft soil stabilization
Authors: Dhani N , Samang L , Harianto T , Djamaluddin A R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Over Boulder Asbuton is a natural asphalt from Buton Island which is a layer of topsoil with a large deposit that can be used as a road material because besides containing bitumen, the mineral also has lime (CaCO3) which is quite high up to 80% with its mineralogy content containing Calcium amounting to 79.64% and silica element at 9.63% so that the mineral composition contains positive ions and can be said to be pozzolanic material, which can function as a stabilizing material on soft soil. Therefore, in this study utilizing these minerals as an alternative to soil stabilization ingredients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Asbuton Over Boulder characteristics as a stabilization material through laboratory tests so that the proportion and variation of Asbuton Over Boulder minerals were obtained to increase the bearing capacity on expansive soils. Over Boulder Asbuton was taken at the location of the Kabungka, Lawale, and Sampolawa blocks, then the preparation of the material was carried out in the laboratory, namely by drying in the open air until it reached air dry. The specimens used were cylindrical in H = 2D size, from the Asbuton Over Boulder mineral test results, the qu max value was obtained at 21 days curing time = 0.624kg / cm3, in the Proctor optimum moisture content. The value of California Bearing Ratio (CBR-Unsoaked) was 12.06% and the value of California Bearing Ratio (CBR-Soaked) obtained was 8.04%. So from the results obtained, that the utilization of Asbuton Over Boulder greatly affects the stability of the soil that will be used as a construction material.
Effects of abaca fiber additives for cold emulsion asphalt mixture
Authors: Manginsihi BK , Tjaronge M W , Muhiddin AB , Harianto T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Airport network and Commercial Flight Service network need to be planned and assesses periodically. The planning must be developed based on the Air Passenger Demand prediction. Direct Trip Distribution Model seems the most appropriate for this prediction. Direct Gravity Trip Distribution model was tried to be developed, calculated by using the iterative method. The research gives an indication that the Direct Gravity Trip Distribution can be developed and used. The general formula has been developed. The appropriate formula variables, incorporating the attraction coefficient, the attraction mass, the impedance and its powering value still need to investigate. The calculation method has been developed but needs to be refined, including the optimum and the accuracy indicator. The Direct Gravity Trip Distribution Model can be used either for Air Transport and Sea Transport.
Feasibility of crumb rubber as fine aggregate in concrete
Authors: Irmawaty R , Noor N M , Muhaimin A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Production of tires in Indonesia increase steadily, however, utilization of waste tires is very limited. Thus, it is necessary to look for an alternative using waste tires for concrete construction. The objectives focus on using crumb rubber as a waste tire with variations in substitution of crumb rubber to fine aggregate in the concrete of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. In addition, to improve crumb rubber bonding to the concrete mixture, 10% NaOH solution was used. This research is true experimental by making a concrete mixture with a target strength of 20 MPa. The compressive strength testing was conducted at 3, 14, and 28 days, while for splitting test and modulus of elasticity at 28 days. The result showed that each addition 10% of crumb rubber, the weight of concrete volume decreased by 3 %. Compressive strength and splitting strength also decreased with increasing crumb rubber volume. Every 20% addition of crumb rubber, the compressive strength decreased of 26%, while the splitting strength decreased by 10%. The substitution of crumb rubber more than 20% of the volume of fine aggregate is not recommended.
Flowability of self-compacting concrete containing marine materials and steel fiber
Authors: Raidyarto A , Parung H , Tjaronge M W , Djamaluddin R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to eliminate the main problems of clean water shortage and fine aggregate in the low land areas and the distant islands, it is purpose to utilize the sea water, marine sand, Portland composite cement and steel fiber to produce the high performance Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). The evaluation result on the mix design and flowability (slump flow, segregation) were discussed. The test results show that SCC made from sea water, marine sand and steel fibers was non-segregating concrete with a highly flowable type of concrete that spreads into the form without the need for mechanical vibration.
Numerical study of confined masonry structure considering wall density index
Authors: Budiwati I A M , Sukrawa M , Dewi N K T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The confined wall structure (CWS) of medium-rise buildings are generally built with walls of the same thickness. It causes stress at the bottom wall-story to become the highest. Numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the behavior of CWS with wall density index variations. Three 4-story CWS buildings with different wall thicknesses were modeled in finite element software. Model 1 (M1) considered the same wall thickness for the whole building; M2 and M3 varied the thickness where the top floor wall was the thinnest. The calculation of wall density index (WDI) was performed on all three models. The results showed that the value of WDI calculated using the transformation method is the closest because it takes into account the differences in material quality and its value meets the standard requirements. Analysis results showed that the drift ratio for all three models were less than 0.2%, which also fulfilled the requirement. However, M3 showed the highest displacement. Compressive stress, tensile stress, and shear stress for M1 and M3 models satisfied the allowable stresses, but maximum compressive stress on the top-level wall of M2 exceeded the permitted stress.
Tensile strength of glass fiber-reinforced waste PET and Kenauf hybrid composites
Authors: Amir M , Irmawaty R , Hustim M , Rahim I R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Increasing the amount of plastic waste from year to year is inevitable due to the increased use of plastics by people in the World. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior, in this case, the tensile strength of a hybrid composite between kenaf natural fibers, PET plastic waste and glass fibers for wallboard. This research takes the form of experimental tests in the laboratory. The composite material to be made is a mixture of plastic, kenaf fiber with glass fiber with polyester reinforcement. Both kenaf and glass fiber is made in sheet form. The hypothesis developed in this laboratory study from previous research found that kenaf and glass fiber hybrid material can be used for partition material. Results showed that hybridization with glass fiber enhanced performance properties. A value of 48,5 MPa for tensile strength is achieved from waste PET glass kenaf hybrid composite without immersion.
The bonding strength of GFRP bars embedded within concrete under direct pull-out test
Authors: Kusnadi  , Djamaluddin R , Muhiddin B , Irmawaty R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Most of the reinforced concrete (RC) structures in the marine environment attacked with corrosion of steel reinforcements that required costly repairs or replacements. The utilization of FRP bars as a non-corrosion material is one of the solutions to increase the durability of RC structures in the marine environment. The innovation of using FRP bars should be developed to improve the quality and reduce the construction cost such as by removing the concrete cover and shear rebar. By removing the concrete cover, the depth of the beam can be minimized without reducing the effective depth of the beam. To substitute the conventional shear rebar, the GFRP sheet strip will be attached to the shear span after concrete hardened. However, the problem is that the bonding area between FRP bars and concrete reduced due to the removal of concrete cover. Therefore, before applying this innovation to the beams’ structure, the pull-out test should be conducted in order to clarify this behavior. The influence of the location of FRP bars and the effect of the U-Wrap GFRP sheet on the bond-slip curves will be analyzed. It is expected from this study that the bonding strength between FRP bars and concrete does not reduce significantly and hence, the innovation for constructing RC beams without a concrete cover on the tensile zone can be applied.