bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediators of the Relationship Between Attachment and Dispositional Mindfulness in Adolescents
Authors: Goodall Karen , Brodie Zara P. , Schwannauer Matthias 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Converging studies have confirmed a robust relationship between attachment and mindfulness, leading to the proposition that dispositional mindfulness originates from early interpersonal relationships. Despite this assertion, few studies have examined these relationships in adolescents and young adults. Theoretical linkages between mindfulness, attachment, relationships, and self-regulation suggest that attachment may be linked to mindfulness via self-regulatory capacity. This study examined the direct effect of attachment on dispositional mindfulness in adolescents and young adults, as well as indirect effects via attentional control and emotion regulation.

Methods
Participants were 421 adolescents and young people age 12–24 years (M = 17, SD = 4.10). They completed a self-report survey measuring attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, dispositional mindfulness, attentional control (AC), and emotion regulation (ER).

Results
There was a moderate effect of attachment anxiety 95% CI [− 1.45, − 0.93], and a small effect of attachment avoidance 95% CI [− 1.27, − 0.44] on mindfulness. Attachment anxiety was indirectly related to mindfulness via AC, 95% CI [− 0.32, − 10], and ER, [− 0.80, − 0.41], as was attachment avoidance (AC, 95% CI [− 44, − 0.10], ER, 95% CI [− 0.52, − 0.19]. Serial mediation analyses revealed serial paths from AC through ER and ER through AC with small effect sizes relative to individual mediators.

Conclusions
Levels of dispositional mindfulness in adolescents were linked to attachment insecurity dimensions through attention control and emotion regulation. Attachment dimension-specific differences were noted; for the anxiety dimension, emotion regulation exerts a stronger mediating effect.
Multi-turn dialogue-oriented pretrained question generation model
Authors: Wang Yanmeng , Rong Wenge , Zhang Jianfei , Zhou Shijie , Xiong Zhang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, teaching machines to ask meaningful and coherent questions has attracted considerable attention in natural language processing. Question generation has found wide applications in areas such as education (testing knowledge) and chatbots (enhancing interaction). Following previous studies on conversational question generation, we propose a pretrained, encoder–decoder model that can incorporate the semantic information from both passage and hidden conversation representations. We adopt BERT as the encoder to combine external text and dialogue history, and we design a multi-head attention-based decoder to incorporate the semantic information from both text and hidden dialogue representations into the decoding process, thereby generating coherent questions. Experiments with conversational question generation and document-grounded dialogue response generation tasks indicate that the proposed model is superior to baseline models in terms of both standard metrics and human evaluations.
Surface-Modified Graphene Oxide/Lead Sulfide Hybrid Film-Forming Ink for High-Efficiency Bulk Nano-Heterojunction Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yaohong , Wu Guohua , Ding Chao , Liu Feng , Liu Dong , Masuda Taizo , Yoshino Kenji , Hayase Shuzi , Wang Ruixiang , Shen Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolution-processed colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs) is a promising candidate for new generation solar cells. To obtain stable and high performance lead sulfide (PbS)-based CQDSCs, high carrier mobility and low non-radiative recombination center density in the PbS CQDs active layer are required. In order to effectively improve the carrier mobility in PbS CQDs layer of CQDSCs, butylamine (BTA)-modified graphene oxide (BTA@GO) is first utilized in PbS-PbX2 (X = I−, Br−) CQDs ink to deposit the active layer of CQDSCs through one-step spin-coating method. Such surface treatment of GO dramatically upholds the intrinsic superior hole transfer peculiarity of GO and attenuates the hydrophilicity of GO in order to allow for its good dispersibility in ink solvent. The introduction of BTA@GO in CQDs layer can build up a bulk nano-heterojunction architecture, which provides a smooth charge carrier transport channel in turn improves the carrier mobility and conductivity, extends the carriers lifetime and reduces the trap density of PbS-PbX2 CQDs film. Finally, the BTA@GO/PbS-PbX2 hybrid CQDs film-based relatively large-area (0.35 cm2) CQDSCs shows a champion power conversion efficiency of 11.7% which is increased by 23.1% compared with the control device.
Review of the impact of renewable energy development on the environment and nature conservation in Southeast Asia
Authors: Pratiwi Santi , Juerges Nataly 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRenewable energy development is growing rapidly due to vast population growth and the limited availability of fossil fuels in Southeast Asia. Located in a tropical climate and within the Ring of Fire, this region has great potential for a transition toward renewable energy utilization. However, numerous studies have found that renewable energy development has a negative impact on the environment and nature conservation. This article presents a systematic literature review of the impact of renewable energy development on the environmental and nature conservation in Southeast Asia. Based on a review of 132 papers and reports, this article finds that the most reported negative impact of renewable energy development comes from hydropower, biofuel production, and geothermal power plants. Solar and wind power might also have a negative impact, albeit one less reported on than that of the other types of renewable energy. The impact was manifested in environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, habitat fragmentation, and wildlife extinction. Thus, renewable energy as a sustainable development priority faces some challenges. Government action in integrated policymaking will help minimize the impact of renewable energy development.
Molecular identification of Nectriaceae in infections of apple replant disease affected roots collected by Harris Uni-Core punching or laser microdissection
Authors: Popp C. , Wamhoff D. , Winkelmann T. , Maiss E. , Grunewaldt-Stöcker G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractApple replant disease (ARD) negatively affects growth and yield of apple plants worldwide. Fungi belonging to the Nectriaceae have often been isolated from roots grown in replant soils and thus are proposed among others as one biotic cause of the disease complex. Microscopic analyses of ARD-affected roots revealed characteristic symptoms associated with fungal infection sites. Here, two extraction methods of such tissue sites were applied to directly identify an unknown fungus that forms typical cauliflower-like structures in diseased root cortex cells. Punching small tissue samples of about 0.5 mm3 volume with the Harris Uni-Core is a quick and easy method to harvest symptomatic material. Secondly, a laser microdissection (LMD) protocol for apple roots was established. This technique allows the extraction of defined cell or tissue fractions from thin cryo-sections. Tissue harvesting was followed by the identification of fungi via PCR amplification of two gene fragments and Sanger sequencing. For Harris samples, Chelex was used for DNA stabilization, while LMD samples were directly submitted to PCR. In Harris samples, mainly the Nectriaceae species Dactylonectria torresensis, Ilyonectria robusta and Rugonectria rugulosa were identified. In addition to these, in LMD samples Cylindrocladiella sp. and Ilyonectria europaea were detected. Thus, the intracellular CF structures contained different species of Nectriaceae in the ARD-affected cortex cells. These results contribute considerably to the etiology of the ARD. Both protocols offer the possibility to identify fungi from selected symptomatic small root sections by molecular tools avoiding isolation and subsequent axenic pure cultures of single fungal isolates.
SinoDuplex: An Improved Duplex Sequencing Approach to Detect Low-Frequency Variants in Plasma cfDNA Samples
Authors: Ren Yongzhe , Zhang Yang , Wang Dandan , Liu Fengying , Fu Ying , Xiang Shaohua , Su Li , Li Jiancheng , Dai Heng , Huang Bingding 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accurate detection of low frequency mutations from plasma cell-free DNA in blood using targeted next generation sequencing technology has shown promising benefits in clinical settings. Duplex sequencing technology is the most commonly used approach in liquid biopsies. Unique molecular identifiers are attached to each double-stranded DNA template, followed by production of low-error consensus sequences to detect low frequency variants. However, high sequencing costs have hindered application of this approach in clinical practice. Here, we have developed an improved duplex sequencing approach called SinoDuplex, which utilizes a pool of adapters containing pre-defined barcode sequences to generate far fewer barcode combinations than with random sequences, and implemented a novel computational analysis algorithm to generate duplex consensus sequences more precisely. SinoDuplex increased the output of duplex sequencing technology, making it more cost-effective. We evaluated our approach using reference standard samples and cell-free DNA samples from lung cancer patients. Our results showed that SinoDuplex has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting very low allele frequency mutations. The source code for SinoDuplex is freely available at https://github.com/SinOncology/sinoduplex.
Is routine dissection of central lymph node and radio-active iodine therapy, necessary for papillary thyroid carcinoma, T1-2 N0? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sieda Bassem , Tawfik Mohamed M. , Khatur Heba 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) is a subject of discussion for papillary thyroid carcinoma T1-2 N0, our study proves that pCND should be recommended as it is associated with less postoperative residual tumour with increasing recurrence-free survival.

Objective:
The primary endpoint is the recurrence free survival, study exclusively compares the outcome of surgical ablation with and without CND in PTC T1-2N0. Another endpoint is whether patients with residual disease, need to receive repeated radioactive iodine ablation or completion surgery.

Subject and method:
A Randomized controlled trial multi-centre study, assigned the patients into two arms, Group I was the control arm underwent total thyroidectomy only, whereas the other arm, included Total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to declare risk group for recurrence. Recurrence Free Survival was the main issue of the study and calculated as the time elapsed from the date of surgery to the date of relapse; patients with residual and uTg 0.2–2 ng/ml received radio-active iodine (RAI) therapy versus completion surgery.

Results:
Loco-regional recurrence cases were found more in male patients aged more than 45 years old. Size of the primary tumour and the extent of surgery was a significant factor for RFS, patients with PCND in group II, had lower loco-regional recurrence and longer RFS, mean RFS was 25 months with (95%CI) is (23.61–26.38 months). Recurrence was high in the controlled group 38.1%.

Conclusion:
N0 patients will benefit by total thyroidectomy and pCND. pCND is recommended to decreases the residual tumour, increase the RFS. Completion surgery versus RAI for postoperative recurrence needs more number of patients.

Highlights:
Reconstruction of Bennu Particle Events From Sparse Data
Authors: Pelgrift John Y. , Lessac‐Chenen Erik J. , Adam Coralie D. , Leonard Jason M. , Nelson Derek S. , McCarthy Leilah , Sahr Eric M. , Liounis Andrew , Moreau Michael , Bos Brent J. , Hergenrother Carl W. , Lauretta Dante S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOSIRIS‐REx began observing particle ejection events shortly after entering orbit around near‐Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in January 2019. For some of these events, the only observations of the ejected particles come from the first two images taken immediately after the event by OSIRIS‐REx's NavCam 1 imager. Without three or more observations of each particle, traditional orbit determination is not possible. However, by assuming that the particles all ejected at the same time and location for a given event, and approximating that their velocities remained constant after ejection (a reasonable approximation for fast‐moving particles, i.e., with velocities on the order of 10 cm/s or greater, given Bennu's weak gravity), we show that it is possible to estimate the particles' states from only two observations each. We applied this newly developed technique to reconstruct the particle ejection events observed by the OSIRIS‐REx spacecraft during orbit about Bennu. Particles were estimated to have ejected with inertial velocities ranging from 7 cm/s to 3.3 m/s, leading to a variety of trajectory types. Most (>80%) of the analyzed events were estimated to have originated from midlatitude regions and to have occurred after noon (local solar time), between 12:44 and 18:52. Comparison with higher‐fidelity orbit determination solutions for the events with sufficient observations demonstrates the validity of our approach and also sheds light on its biases. Our technique offers the capacity to meaningfully constrain the properties of particle ejection events from limited data.
Subduction Dynamics and Mantle Pressure: 2. Towards a Global Understanding of Slab Dip and Upper Mantle Circulation
Authors: Holt Adam F. , Royden Leigh H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between the global distribution of deep slab dips (at 250‐ to 300‐km depth) and pressure and circulation in the upper mantle. Using an analytic method to compute dynamic pressure in a 3‐D global upper mantle domain, and a force balance between slab dip, slab buoyancy, and pressure, we model dips for all major subduction zones. Overall, our models suggest that global‐scale mantle flow, as dictated by the shapes and velocities of Earth's plates and slabs, plays a fundamental role in creating the global pattern of slab dips. The dip trends of the South American and western Pacific subduction zones are controlled, in our models, by spatial variations in the dynamic pressure associated with flow. Our best fitting models produce global root mean square dip misfits of less than 10° for asthenospheric viscosities of 2.5–4.0 × 1020 Pas. This result is only obtained with a large flux of asthenosphere from upper to lower mantle at subduction boundaries, occurring on the overriding plate side of slabs, without which dips are significantly steeper than observed. This effect cannot be resolved by processes that affect only certain subduction systems and requires flux of asthenosphere into the lower mantle at subduction systems globally (or an alternative mechanism that produces more negative pressures on the overriding plate side of slabs). Upper mantle pressure fields that fit global slab dips yield negative dynamic pressure on the upper plate side of slabs, positive pressure on the subducting plate side, and an east‐to‐west pressure increase beneath the Pacific Plate.
Characterizing Ionospheric Effect on GNSS Radio Occultation Atmospheric Bending Angle
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Yue Xinan , Wan Weixing , Schreiner William S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) atmospheric radio occultation (RO) has been an active remote sensing method to explore the Earth's atmosphere recently. The RO products especially atmospheric bending angles have been widely used for climate study. However, the residual ionospheric error (RIE) still exists to a certain extent after the widely used linear combination in bending angle calculation. In this study, we analyzed both CHAMP and COSMIC data and did full 3‐D ray tracing to characterize RIE. It is found that the order of RIE is around ±0.1 μrad and has an obvious dependency on a variety of factors including altitude, latitude, local time, season, and solar activity level. The amplitude and complexity of RIE generally increase with altitude. It is closely related to the strength of the E layer and the asymmetry between LEO side and GNSS side. Along magnetic latitude direction, the RIE shows a pronounced feature of two peaks and three troughs. From both the simulated and observed RIE, we can identify clearly the ionospheric seasonal variation features, such as the semiannual variation, the equinox asymmetry and the annual anomaly. A spherical asymmetry factor was also defined to quantify the correlation between ionospheric spherical asymmetry degree and RIE. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of RIE, which could contribute to the correction of RIE in the future.
Characteristics of Small‐Scale Gravity Waves in the Arctic Winter Mesosphere
Authors: Li Jing , Li Tao , Wu Qian , Tang Yihuan , Wu Zhaopeng , Cui Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObservational data sets in the polar middle atmosphere are extremely valuable for understanding the polar dynamics and coupling between lower and middle atmosphere. Using the long‐term data sets observed with an OH all‐sky imager, a Fabry‐Perot Interferometer at Resolute Bay Observatory, Canada (74.7°N, 94.9°W), Microwave Limb Sounder and reanalysis data, we study the characteristics of small‐scale gravity waves (GWs) with the horizontal wavelength less than 20 km in the Arctic winter mesosphere during 2014–2016. Most GWs propagate nearly against the mesospheric and stratospheric winds, consistent with the wind filtering theory. A small amount (7 of 36 cases) of small‐scale GWs in large regions (area >1/2 of the whole image) propagate nearly westward with slower phase speeds, larger horizontal wavelengths, and longer periods than those in limited regions. We also find that multiple GWs with different propagating directions can sometimes occur simultaneously. This is likely due to different wave sources and/or the ducted region in the atmosphere. The observed small‐scale GWs may also likely be excited in the mesopause region, such as secondary wave generated by primary wave breaking or a result of baroclinic instability processed in the stratosphere and the interaction of planetary waves with the background winds. In addition, almost all of the small‐scale GWs occurred during the strong El Niño and anomalous quasi‐biennial oscillation events in 2015/2016 winter.
Simultaneous Observations of Poleward‐Moving Auroral Forms at the Equatorward and Poleward Boundaries of the Auroral Oval in Antarctica
Authors: Wu Yen‐Jung J. , Mende Stephen B. , Frey Harald U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPoleward‐moving auroral form (PMAF) is a type of dayside auroral pattern. The distinguishing characteristic of a PMAF is its separation from the auroral oval and subsequent poleward motion. It has been reported and widely accepted that PMAFs occur more frequently during periods with dominant southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). However, most ground‐based optical observations were made near magnetic latitudes of 75°, close to the equatorward boundary of the dayside auroral oval; therefore, PMAFs occurring at the poleward boundary were likely missed easily. Using all‐sky images from two stations located on the similar magnetic meridian in Antarctica at 80° and 75° magnetic latitude, and taking solar wind data close to the magnetosphere by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft, we demonstrate that unlike the result from prior low‐latitude single‐station observations, the combined observations from both stations show an insignificant difference in the PMAF occurrence rate in the northward and southward IMF conditions and no clear sign suggesting that the southward IMF or southward turning of the IMF triggers PMAFs. With good agreements between PMAF occurrence rate and the intensity of the poleward drift, we suggest that PMAFs are more likely to be plasma patches torn away from the dayside auroral oval convecting antisunward and rather than direct foot points of reconnecting flux tubes.
Microphysical Properties of Generating Cells Over the Southern Ocean: Results From SOCRATES
Authors: Wang Yang , McFarquhar Greg M. , Rauber Robert M. , Zhao Chuanfeng , Wu Wei , Finlon Joseph A. , Stechman Daniel M. , Stith Jeffery , Jensen Jorgen B. , Schnaiter Martin , Järvinen Emma , Waitz Fritz , Vivekanandan Jothiram , Dixon Michael , Rainwater Bryan , Toohey Darin W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe bulk microphysical properties and number distribution functions (N(D)) of supercooled liquid water (SLW) and ice inside and between ubiquitous generating cells (GCs) observed over the Southern Ocean (SO) during the Southern Ocean Clouds Radiation Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) measured by in situ cloud probes onboard the NCAR/NSF G‐V aircraft are compared. SLW was detected inside all GCs with an average liquid water content of 0.31 ± 0.19 g m−3, 11% larger than values between GCs. The N(D) of droplets (maximum dimension D < 50 μm) inside and between GCs had only slight differences. For ice particles, on the other hand, the mean concentration (median mass diameter) with D > 200 μm inside GCs was 2.0 ± 3.3 L−1 (323 ± 263 μm), 65% (37%) larger than values outside GCs. As D increases, the percentage differences became larger (up to ~500%). The more and larger ice particles inside GCs suggest the GC updrafts provide a favorable environment for particle growth by deposition and riming and that mixing processes are less efficient at redistributing larger particles. The horizontal scale of observed GCs ranged from 200 to 600 m with a mean of 395 ± 162 m, smaller than GC widths observed in previous studies. This study expands knowledge of the microphysical properties and processes acting in GCs over a wider range of conditions than previously available.
Neogene Basin Inversion and Recent Slip Rate Distribution of the Northern Termination of the Alhama de Murcia Fault (Eastern Betic Shear Zone, SE Spain)
Authors: Herrero‐Barbero Paula , Álvarez‐Gómez José A. , Martínez‐Díaz José J. , Klimowitz Juan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Alhama de Murcia Fault is one of the main active structures of the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (SE Spain), characterized by the presence, along its trace, of Neogene basins developed under early to late Miocene extensional tectonics. A dominant NNW‐SSE shortening direction is active from late Miocene driven by the present‐day plate convergence. We present the structural analysis of the northeastern section of this fault, where reliable estimations of slip rates were unknown due to the lack of geomorphological evidence of recent activity. The recent tectonic evolution and reactivation of the northeastern section are closely related to the Fortuna basin development and tectonic inversion. We approach the structural analysis through the interpretation of seismic reflection profiles, well data, fieldwork, and 3D geological modeling. We estimated a maximum long‐term slip rate of (0.32 +0.18/−0.13) mm/yr in the Librilla sector (last 4.8–7.6 Ma), based on cross‐section restorations and assuming current motion trends from GPS data. According to the results from the cross sections restored along the section and a vertical displacement analysis based on a 3D model, the slip rate distribution shows a decrease of activity toward the northeastern tip of the studied fault section. This supports a transference of deformation between the Alhama de Murcia Fault and the Carrascoy Fault, which seems to absorb part of the shortening during the Plio‐Quaternary, explaining the lower relief created by the activity of the northeastern section. The slip rates obtained have important implications in seismic hazard assessments and in the distribution of deformation along the region.