bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open carpal release using local anesthesia without a tourniquet: Does bleeding tendency affect the outcome?
Authors: Lee Seongwon , Oh Sangho , Son Daegu 
Published: November 2020

Background The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical results of minimal single palmar-incision carpal tunnel release without a tourniquet.
Methods We reviewed the medical records of 75 patients (90 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome) who underwent minimal single-palmar incision carpal tunnel release without a tourniquet from June 2010 to January 2018. Ten patients had a bleeding tendency. We compared the preoperative and postoperative Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores. We also analyzed outcomes and complications according to the presence of a bleeding tendency.
Results In all cases, there was a complete disappearance or marked improvement in symptoms within 6 months, with no recurrence. The postoperative BCTQ score showed a significant improvement compared to the preoperative score, and no statistically significant difference in BCTQ scores was detected according to the presence of a bleeding tendency.
Conclusions Carpal tunnel release without a tourniquet using a minimal single palmar incision is effective and reliable. This technique prevents unnecessary pain associated with the tourniquet and is especially helpful in patients with a bleeding tendency or those treated with hemodialysis.
A Novel Approach in Evaluating the Impact of Vehicle Age on Road Safety
Authors: Török Árpád 
Published: November 2020

This study examines the correlation between road accident casualties and the age of the vehicle, assuming that the age of vehicles and the improvements in their safety designs are related. The study evaluates the impact of the interrelationship between road segment characteristics and road accident type on vehicle age at the time of the accident (AVC). To analyse the nested relationship between these variables, a multinomial logistic regression (MML) model has been developed. The result of the analysis also duly finds that vehicle age has an emphatic role in the occurrence of accidents.
Chaos Suppression in a Pendulum Equation through Parametric Excitation with Phase Shift for Ultra-Subharmonic Resonance
Authors: Chen Xianwei , Fu Xiangling , Tan Jintao 
Published: November 2020

Under ultra-subharmonic resonance, we investigate the chaos suppression of pendulum equation by using Melnikov methods, and get the conditions of suppressing chaos for homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits, respectively. At the same time, we give some numerical simulations including the bifurcation diagrams of system and corresponding phase diagrams, and observe that the chaos behaviors of system may be suppressed to period-n(n ∈ Z+) orbits by adjusting the value of Ψ. Although our results are only necessary, not sufficient. Numerical simulations show that our method is effect in suppressing chaos for this case.
Psychosocial and Demographic Variables as Correlates of Patterns of Substance Abuse among in-Patients in Two Selected Neuro-Psychiatric Hospitals in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Akinlawon Quamariyat Adekemi , Emeghara Christiana Obiageli , Asonye Christian C. C. , Oladapo Olawale Rasheed , Emeghara Okechukwu 
Published: November 2020

Aims: The study main objective is to access psychosocial and demographic variables as correlates of patterns of psychoactive substance abuse among patients admitted to drug treatment centers in two federal mental health institutions in Nigeria.
Study Design: Descriptive correlational research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Neuropsychiatric Hospital (Aro & Lantoro Annex) Abeokuta and Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos in February 2018.
Methodology: The sample size for this study comprises 224 patients admitted for treatment due to psychoactive substance abuse at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital (Aro & Lantoro Annex) Abeokuta and Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos. A self-developed, pre-tested semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data on psychosocial and demographic variables that may explain the patterns of substance abuse among. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The study found that social, psychological and demographic factors have significant influence on psychoactive substance use (F (6, 213) =23.214, P=0.07), Adj R2 = .158 (F (3, 216) =33.193, P=0.000), Adj R2 = .104, (F (6, 213) =10.101, P=0.031), Adj R2 = .062 respectively. Social factors of accessibility, family usage, affordability and peer usage exerted positive impact on psychoactive substance use β = .81, P = 000, β =.127, P = .037, β = .118, P = 0.011 and β = .139, P = .009 respectively. The psychological factors of perception, impulsivity and self- gratification exerted positive and significant influence on psychoactive substance use β = .148, P = 047, β =.197, P = .000 and β = .107, P = 0.03 respectively. Demographic factors age (x2 = 21.347, P = .000); gender (x2 = 5.432, P = .013); marital status (x2 = 2.707, P = .034) and religion is (x2 = 4.119, P = .009) exerted significant effect on pattern of substance abuse.
Conclusion: The study concluded that social, psychological and demographic variables are the main correlates of psychoactive substance abuse among patients admitted and treated in sampled Neuropsychiatric Hospitals.
Facile Fabrication of Trimodal Switchable Mirror Device with Zero Transmittance in the Black State
Authors: Son Minhee , Shin Dongwon , Lee Caroline Sunyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe electrochromic mirror device (ECD) demonstrating transparent, mirror, and black states with zero transmittance in the black state is fabricated using facile dry deposition method. The device is capable of achieving both a highly reflective mirror and a complete black state. ECD is fabricated using a WO3 film deposited by nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS) and optical characteristics of its transparent, mirror, and black states are evaluated. Notably, the device demonstrates the mirror state with high reflectance over 80% and a black state that completely blocks the entire visible light, resulting in nearly zero transmittance. Device durability is evaluated over 100 cycles; the transmittance of the black and transparent states is measured to be 9.61%, 79.6% at its wavelength of 680 nm, respectively. Moreover, the reflectance of the mirror state at the same wavelength is measured to be 73.1% and 72.7% for the first and 100th cycles, respectively. Microstructural observations suggest that the visible light‐blocking effect is a consequence of the rough surface obtained using NPDS, which leads to uneven electrodeposition of Ag ions to produce localized surface plasmon resonance. Dry deposition method of the electrochromic layer is an excellent method for fabricating high‐contrast three‐mode electrochromic mirrors.
3D Printing of Flexible Strain Sensor Array Based on UV‐Curable Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Elastomer Composite
Authors: Xiao Ting , Qian Cheng , Yin Ruixue , Wang Kemin , Gao Yang , Xuan Fuzhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInternet of things (IoT) is expected to significantly improve every aspect of society, especially in soft robotics, structural health monitoring, and human motion detection. Flexible strain sensors with high‐performance characteristics as well as highly efficient and cost‐effective maskless fabrication methods are the key components of IoT for these applications. Herein, a 3D printing technology using digital light processing is developed to fabricate high‐performance flexible strain sensors based on UV‐curable multiwalled carbon nanotubes/elastomer (MWCNT/EA) composite. The MWCNT/EA‐based device with 2 wt% MWCNTs delivers a sensitivity of 8.939 with a linearity up to 45% strain. Additionally, the sensor has a detectable strain range from 0.01% to 60%, a high mechanical durability (10 000 cycles), and linear responses to humidity and temperature. Numerical simulation and impedance study indicate that the sensor works on the deformation‐induced reduction of MWCNT conductive pathway. The developed device can be used to detect various external deformation, when combined with a near‐field communication circuit. Moreover, a 4 × 4 strain sensor array is developed for sensing external stimuli distribution, further demonstrating the high performance of the 3D printed device.
Fluoro(Phosphates,Sulfates) or (Phosphate,Sulfate) Fluorides: Why Does It Matter?
Authors: Pinna Nicola , Goubard‐Bretesché Nicolas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhosphate (sulfate) fluorides have attracted much attention recently as potential positive electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. However, they are broadly referred to fluorophosphates and fluorosulfates by the community. This nomenclature inaccuracy is probably lowering the visibility of papers dealing with “true” fluorophosphates/fluorosulfates and may lead to some confusion about the structural peculiarities of both families of compounds.
Carboxyl‐Dominant Oxygen Rich Carbon for Improved Sodium Ion Storage: Synergistic Enhancement of Adsorption and Intercalation Mechanisms
Authors: Sun Fei , Wang Hua , Qu Zhibin , Wang Kunfang , Wang Lijie , Gao Jihui , Gao Jianmin , Liu Shaoqin , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOxygen‐containing groups in carbon materials have been shown to affect the carbon anode performance of sodium ion batteries; however, precise identification of the correlation between specific oxygen specie and Na+ storage behavior still remains challenging as various oxygen groups coexist in the carbon framework. Herein, a postengineering method via a mechanochemistry process is developed to achieve accurate doping of (20.12 at%) carboxyl groups in a carbon framework. The constructed carbon anode delivers all‐round improvements in Na+ storage properties in terms of a large reversible capacity (382 mAg−1 at 30 mA g−1), an excellent rate capability (153 mAg−1 at 2 A g−1) as well as good cycling stability (141 mAg−1 after 2000 cycles at 1.5 A g−1). Control experiments, kinetic analysis, density functional theory calculations, and operando measurements collectively demonstrate that carboxyl groups not only act as active sites for Na+ capacitive adsorption through suitable electrostatic interactions, but also gradually expand d‐spacing by inducing a repulsive force between carbon layers with Na+ preadsorbed, and hence facilitate diffusion‐controlled Na+ insertion process. This work provides a new insight in the rational tunning of oxygen‐containing groups in carbon for boosting reversible Na+ storage through a synergy of adsorption and intercalation processes.
Untersuchungen zur Prävention von progressivem Kollaps von Holzhochhäusern
Authors: Tannert Thomas , Bita Hercend Mpidi , Huber Johannes A. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOhne weiterführende Entwurfsüberlegungen zur strukturellen Robustheit von Gebäuden aus Holz kann das Versagen eines einzigen Bauteils zu einem progressiven und/oder unverhältnismäßigen Gebäudekollaps führen. Die bestehenden Anforderungen in den internationalen Richtlinien zur Prävention von progressivem Kollaps sind unwirtschaftlich für mehrstöckige Gebäude aus Brettsperrholzplatten (BSP) im Plattformbau. Dieser Beitrag fasst aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zusammen, um die strukturelle Robustheit solcher Gebäude zu gewährleisten. Eine verbesserte Methode wird vorgestellt, um die Mindestanforderungen an Zugankerverbinder zu quantifizieren und um alternative Lastwege unter Verwendung vereinfachter linearelastischer Ansätze sicherzustellen. Es wird gezeigt, wie in einer nichtlinearen, sog. Pushdown‐Analyse eines Plattformhochhaussegments zur Charakterisierung der Widerstandsmechanismen vier verschiedene alternative Lastpfade ermittelt wurden. Danach wird anhand linearer dynamischer Analysen das Tragwerksverhalten bei Bauteilversagen eines zwölfstöckigen Hochhauses mit BSP‐Geschossplatten und Wandsystem und eines neunstöckigen Hochhauses mit BSP‐Geschossplatten und Brettschichtholzstützen untersucht. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse tragen dazu bei, den Entwurf mehrstöckiger BSP‐Gebäude im Plattformbau zu verbessern.
Spontaneous fragmentation of JJ stent can occur as early as 3 weeks post‐insertion: Case report
Authors: Hammad Fayez T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpontaneous JJ stent fragmentation can occur as early as 3 weeks post‐insertion. This could be due to a hostile urine environment and might be avoided by strict dietary modification, adequate hydration, and close follow‐up.
Appropriateness of gastrointestinal prophylaxis use during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Analysis from the China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Shi Wence , Ni Lin , Yang Jingang , Fan Xiaoxue , Yu Mei , Yang Hongmei , Yu Mengyue , Yang Yuejin ,   China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) Registry study group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current status of gastrointestinal prophylaxis (GIP) usage and its effects on hospitalized acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is not clear. We investigate the appropriateness of GIP usage and its relationship with clinical events in China.HypothesisAppropriate use of GIP is not associated with increased adverse outcomes.MethodsFrom January 2013 to September 2014, a total of 24 001 consecutive patients from 108 hospitals with AMI in China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) registry were analyzed. The appropriateness of GIP was evaluated using the current American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association (ACCF/AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), while the secondary endpoints were in‐hospital and 2‐year follow‐up net adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (NACCE). Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effect of appropriate GIP.ResultsThere were 16 413 (68.38%) AMI patients co‐medicated with GIP. Among 108 involved hospitals, only 35 (32.4%) hospitals prescribed more than 50% appropriate GIP. Totally, 59.7% (14 340) AMI patients received inappropriate GIP. Inappropriate GIP use was independently associated with use of GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Moreover, appropriate GIP use was associated with decreased GIB risk (OR: 0.692, 95% CI: 0.507‐0.944, P = .0202) during hospitalization, while not with increased in‐hospital and 2‐year follow‐up NACCE.ConclusionThe use of GIP is prevalent in patients with AMI in China but only 40% of hospitalized patients received appropriate GIP. Appropriate prophylactic therapy was associated with decreased GIB risk during hospitalization.
Unveiling Modifications of Biomass Polysaccharides during Thermal Treatment in Cholinium Chloride : Lactic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Morais Eduarda S. , Da Costa Lopes André M. , Freire Mara G. , Freire Carmen S. R. , Silvestre Armando J. D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA deep analysis upon the chemical modifications of the cellulose and hemicelluloses fractions that take place during biomass delignification with deep eutectic solvents (DES) is lacking in literature, being this a critical issue given the continued research on DES for this purpose. This work intends to fill this gap by disclosing a comprehensive study on the chemical modifications of cellulose (microcrystalline cellulose and bleached kraft pulp) and hemicelluloses (xylans) during thermal treatment (130 °C) with cholinium chloride/lactic acid ([Ch]Cl/LA) at molar ratio 1 : 10, one of the best reported DES for biomass delignification. The obtained data revealed that [Ch]Cl/LA (1 : 10) has a negative impact on the polysaccharides fractions at prolonged treatments (>4 h), resulting on substantial modifications including the esterification of cellulose with lactic acid, shortening of fibers length, fibers agglomeration and side reactions of the hemicelluloses fraction (e. g., humin formation, lactic acid grafting). Wood delignification trials with [Ch]Cl/LA (1 : 10) at the same conditions also corroborate these findings. Moreover, the DES suffers degradation, including the formation of lactic acid derivatives and its polymerization. Therefore, short time delignification treatments are strongly recommended when using the [Ch]Cl/LA DES, so that a sustainable fractionation of biomass into high quality cellulose fibers, isolated lignin, and xylose/furfural co‐production along with solvent recyclability could be achieved.
Dielectrophoretic ultra‐high‐frequency characterization and in silico sorting on uptake of rare earth elements by Cupriavidus necator
Authors: Giduthuri Anthony T. , Adekanmbi Ezekiel O. , Srivastava Soumya K. , Moberly James G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are widely used across different industries due to their exceptional magnetic and electrical properties. In this work, Cupriavidus necator is characterized using dielectrophoretic ultra‐high‐frequency measurements, typically in MHz range to quantify the properties of cytoplasm in C. necator for its metal uptake/bioaccumulation capacity. Cupriavidus necator, a Gram‐negative bacteria strain is exposed to REEs like europium, samarium, and neodymium in this study. Dielectrophoretic crossover frequency experiments were performed on the native C. necator species pre‐ and post‐exposure to the REEs at MHz frequency range. The net conductivity of native C. necator, Cupriavidus europium, Cupriavidus samarium, and Cupriavidus neodymium are 15.95 ± 0.029 μS/cm, 16.15 ± 0.028 μS/cm, 16.05 ± 0.029 μS/cm, 15.61 ± 0.005 μS/cm respectively. The estimated properties of the membrane published by our group are used to develop a microfluidic sorter by modeling and simulation to separate REE absorbed C. necator from the unabsorbed native C. necator species using COMSOL Multiphysics commercial software package v5.5.
Modern microextraction techniques for natural products
Authors: Peng Li‐Qing , Cao Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNatural product analysis has gained wide attention in recent years, especially for herbal medicines, which contain complex ingredients and play a significant clinical role in the therapy of numerous diseases. The constituents of natural products are usually found at low concentrations, and the matrices are complex. Thus, the extraction of target compounds from natural products before analysis by analytical instruments is very significant for human health and its wide application. The commonly used traditional extraction methods are time‐consuming, using large amounts of sample and organic solvents, as well as expensive and inefficient. Recently, microextraction techniques have been used for natural product extraction to overcome the disadvantages of conventional extraction methods. In this paper, the successful applications of and recent developments in microextraction techniques including solvent‐based and sorbent‐based microextraction methods, in natural product analysis in recent years, especially in the last 5 years, are reviewed for the first time. Their features, advantages, disadvantages, and future development trends are also discussed.
The priorities dilemma in the EU preventive restructuring directive: Absolute or relative priority rule?
Authors: Ballerini Giulia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe EU Directive on Preventive Restructuring Frameworks gives the EU Member States (“MSs”) the choice between implementing two fairness rules in cross‐class cram‐down: the US‐style absolute priority rule (“APR”) or the newly conceived relative priority rule (“RPR”). This article argues that there is no good reason for the MSs to implement the RPR in domestic law. While the APR effectively protects the rights of the dissenting classes to get what they are entitled to, the RPR increases moral hazard and opportunism. Also, it might make debt investments in the EU unattractive. On top of that, this article shows that the RPR lacks a clear theoretical justification. One of the main reasons why the RPR was introduced in the Directive alongside the APR is that the RPR was thought to provide a solution to some of the APR's problems. This article considers three of those problems (i.e., the “valuation problem”, the “hold‐out problem” and the “problem of the relevant shareholders”) and explains the reasons why the RPR is not an appropriate solution for these. Among these three problems, the most troublesome one, from the perspective of the EU, is that the APR makes it difficult to award value to the equity of SMEs (the “problem of the relevant shareholders”). This article argues that using the RPR to deal with this problem would incentivize the shareholders to behave opportunistically and to orchestrate the restructuring. Instead of the RPR, this article suggests two alternative techniques which MSs can enact to better address the issue: the new value exception “in kind” and the disposable income method.
Influence of inhibitors on the corrosion behavior of the X5CrNi18 10 stainless steel‐welded joint
Authors: Radojković Bojana , Kovačina Jovanka , Jegdić Bore , Bobić Biljana , Alić Behar , Marunkić Dunja , Simović Anđela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study considers the corrosion behavior of the X5CrNi18 10 stainless steel‐welded joint in NaCl solution, with and without the presence of several corrosion inhibitors (NaNO3, Ce(NO3)3, and CeCl3). The degree of sensitization of the welded joint to intergranular corrosion is determined using the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method with a double‐loop method. Pitting corrosion tests are performed by the potentiodynamic method. Resistance to general corrosion and the stability of the passive film is assessed based on the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, as well as on the values of the corrosion and passivation current. The main goal of this study is to determine the relation of the welded joint microstructure to general and pitting corrosion in the presence of the corrosion inhibitors. The value of pitting potential for the base metal and weld metal in the presence of the NaNO3 or Ce(NO3)3 inhibitor is shifted to potentials in the transpassive area. The pitting potential for the heat‐affected zone also possesses a noticeable higher value. However, nitrate ions do not increase the general corrosion resistance of any part of the welded joint. CeCl3 does not increase resistance to general or pitting corrosion.