bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Electrical Engineering Module for the Expertise Program of Industrial Electronics Engineering
Authors: Santoso D , Albaniah S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study was designed to: (1) produce a learning module of Electrical Engineering for the tenth-grade students at SMKN 2 Pengasih; (2) examine the feasibility of the developed module. This study was classified as Research and Development. The research design referred to the 4-D model development model with four main stages, namely, (1) Define; (2) Design; (3) Development; (4) Disseminate. It was conducted at SMKN 2 Pengasih Kulonprogo, in the Department of Electrical Engineering. The types of data used were quantitative and qualitative collected with questionnaires. Data analysis techniques were quantitative descriptive. The results of the study revealed that the process of developing the module was based on the stages of define, design, develop and disseminate. The results of the feasibility evaluation by material experts obtained a feasibility level of 91.92% (very feasible). The assessment result of the feasibility level by media experts was 89.15%. While the results of field trials (student respondents) were 78.99% (feasible). Based on the data, the average score was 86.68%. Therefore the developed module was categorized as very feasible to be used as learning materials for students at SMKN 2 Pengasih Kulonprogo.
Effect of feeding strategy on the protein and fatty acid contents of black soldier fly prepupae (Hermetia illucens) for the potential applications as animal feed and promising alternative protein-rich food
Authors: Mohamad L , Dina F , Hasan H A , Sudesh K , Baidurah S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
There is considerable interest in the exploring of an alternative protein source due to ever-growing population in the world. Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, can be a promising alternative protein-rich food due to its high protein content as compared to livestock. This study investigated the effect of different feeding strategies on the crude protein of BSF prepupae (BSFP) to further enhance the protein contents. The feeding strategy was done at BSFP stage using two different diets which were a mixture of food waste as a control, and bacterial dried cells. Protein and fatty acid content analyses were done on the freeze-dried BSFP samples harvested on day 4 after feeding in order to determine the crude protein and fatty acid. BSFP fed with lyophilized cells showed enhancement in the nutritional contents, compared to the conventional feeding strategy using food waste, with increased crude protein content by 17%. This study demonstrated that the bacterial dried cells can be utilized as a single cell protein to further increase the protein content in the BSFP body which can be applied for the animal feed and potential human consumption.
Comparison of quantification methods and subsequent characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate film sample utilizing pretreated cane molasses as carbon source
Authors: Khok Y S , Suwa M , Ito H , Hazwan Hussin M , Ishida Y , Sudesh K , Baidurah S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable polyester synthesized as intracellular carbon and energy storage for numerous bacteria and archaea. PHB has been used extensively in biomedical industry. The gas chromatography (GC) method for PHB quantification has some drawbacks, such as large sample size required and involves tedious sample preparation. In this study, reactive pyrolysis-gas chromatography (reactive Py-GC) was applied to determine the PHB content in bacterial biomass. Bacillus sp. was cultured in mineral salts medium containing various concentrations of pretreated molasses (10 – 30 g/L) as a sole carbon source. The PHB content obtained by both methods; GC and reactive Py-GC were compared. The obtained PHB was cast into film and the physical properties was determined by DSC and TGA. The biodegradability of PHB film sample was performed by soil burial biodegradation test. Based on the peak intensities of reactive Py-GC analysis, the PHB contents were determined precisely and rapidly without any cumbersome sample pretreatment. Furthermore, the values of the PHB contents coincided overall with those obtained by the conventional GC method with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9766. The melting temperature and degree of crystallinity were 172 °C and 61 %, respectively. The PHB film sample used in this study can biodegrade completely within 12 days.
Mechanism of Low Cycle Fatigue Damage for Nickel-Based Powder Superalloy
Authors: Liu Zhe , Tian Gaofeng , Fu Hao , Ji Zhen , Yang Shanwu , Jia Chengchang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the in-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study crack initiation and propagation during the fatigue process of nickel-based superalloys prepared by powder metallurgy at room temperature(RT) and high temperature(HT). It could be found that the crack initiation of alloy is mainly along the <111> direction of crystallographic orientation at room temperature, cracks are parallel, perpendicular, at an angle of 53° and 60°. Cracks initiated in the crystal propagate in zigzag manner at an angle to each other, the direction of growth is perpendicular to the direction of stress. The fatigue cycle required for crack initiation at the grain boundary is much lower than that in the crystal, and the crack propagation is much faster. At initial stage, cracks expand along the grain boundary to a certain extent and then propagate in a transgranular manner, the direction of which is approximately perpendicular to the stress direction. At high temperature, the fatigue crack initiation time is much longer than the room temperature, and the cycle times required for crack initiation at the same stress ratio are 15 times higher than that at room temperature. The time and length of fatigue crack propagation along the grain boundary are larger than those at room temperature, but the length of the transgranular expansion is slightly smaller.
The Hot Deformation Behaviourof Antibacterial Ti-10wt.%CuSintered Alloy
Authors: Shi Liqiu , Xiang Chun , Yu Feng , Li Zhihong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ti-10wt.%Cu sintered alloy was prepared by apowder metallurgy method to obtain strong antibacterial property. In order to optimize the deformation processing, the hot deformation behaviour of Ti-10wt.%Cu sintered alloy was investigated in this paper. The deformation temperature was set between 800°C to 1000°C and the strain rate was set in a range of 0.008 s−1 to 5s−1. The microstructure of the deformed alloy were observed in order to reveal the effect of the hot deformation process on the microstructure. The results showed that the Ti2Cu phase distributed homogeneously with the increasing of the deformation temperature and decreased with the increasing of the strain rate. It was concluded that the final optimized deformation process was: a deformation temperature range of 850°C to 950°C, and a strain rate of 0.1s−1 to 0.5s−1.
Study on Electrical Characteristics of Titanium Diboride Powder Applied in Power Field
Authors: Zhu Yu , Wang Yongxing , Dong Enyuan , Li Mingjie , Sun Chao , Chu Hongchuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Based on the properties of Titanium Diboride (TiB2) combined with the knowledge of electrical engineering, a novel application of TiB2 in the field of electric power has been proposed. The contact resistance of the particulate matter changes greatly when the external stress changes. Therefore, particulate matter can be used as a variable resistor in the field of fault current limiting. First, the pressure-resistance characteristics of TiB2 were studied experimentally, and the law of resistance change with pressure was summarized. The explanation was given from the perspective of particle mechanics. Then, combined with the operating mechanism, a device with variable resistance was fabricated. And the curve of material resistance with time was tested. Finally, the material was passed through current, which proved that the material properties have not changed under large current. Thus the feasibility of the application of the material in the power field was verified.
Synthesis and Characterization of BiOBr Microstructures Via Free Surfactant Solvothermal Route
Authors: Mao Yuqin , Zhu Luping , Liu Kaixiang , Chen Qiang , Zou Yongjin , Shen Xinying , Liao Guihong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This work demonstrated a facile and swift surfactant-free solvothermal synthesis of BiOBr architectures at 170°C for 6h. The structure and morphology were probed through diverse microscopy apparatus. The XRD result shows the obtained samples were well-crystallized tetragonal phase of BiOBr architecture. SEM images display these microspheres were distributed with a good polydispersity, even though most of them have inconsistent diameters. UV-vis spectrum reveals the band gap energy is approximately about 2.87 eV. The PL spectrum of the obtained BiOBr tested at room atmosphere reveals the strongest emission peaks appear at 469nm, which is in the visible region. On the basis of the above results, BiOBr samples also exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance in decomposing the organic dye RhB, which degradation efficiency reaches 99.7% after 50 min under ultraviolet light irradiation.
A Preliminary Study on Hakka Characteristic Soup Plant Resources in Eastern Guangdong
Authors: Yang Qihe , Li Lubing , Yang Hesheng , Mou Lihui , Kuang Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated and analyzed the Hakka characteristic soup plants in eastern Guangdong. The results showed that there were 79 soup plants, belonging to 74 genera of 44 families, 37 species are wild and have not yet been cultivated artificially, 11 species are cultivated and there is no wild distribution, 31 species are both wild and planted, accounting for 39.2% of the total species. The species used to cook soup with the whole plant were the most, 38 species, accounting for 48.1% of the total soup plants, and those cooked only with root ranked second, 24 species, accounting for 30.4%. 29 species can be harvested throughout the year. Based on the analysis of growth types, there were 37 herbs, 28 shrubs, 7 vines and 7 trees. 68 species are naturally distributed, indicating that the local Hakkas mainly use soup plant materials locally. There are about 20 plants which are widely distributed and seen easily in the field. These genera belong to 11 distribution types. Among them, there are 52 genera of tropical distribution types in total. Among these plants, 53 species were only distributed in the south of the Yangtze River, accounting for 67.1%, 46 species were shade-tolerant, accounting for 58.2%. 37 species have the effect of clearing heat, accounting for 46.8%, 25 species can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, accounting for 31.6%.
Preparation of CNTs / Aluminum Foam Composites
Authors: Lang Zhaoyang , Chen Mingying , Han Junjiao , Liu Zhe , Yan Xiaoqin , Gu Yousong , Ji Zhen , Jia Chengchang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article uses powder metallurgy to prepare aluminum foam and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) / foam aluminum composites. The effects of the surface treatment of carbon nanotubes, the amount of pore-forming agent, and the amount of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure of aluminum foam and its composites were studied by means of infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the mixed acid treatment of CNTs can effectively disperse CNTs and introduce new functional groups on their surfaces. Using NH4HCO3 as a pore-forming agent and using powder metallurgy, a porosity of 41% to 79%, Cellular pure foam aluminum material and CNTs / foam aluminum matrix composite with 60% porosity.
Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Ficus Hirta Vahl. by LCMS-IT-TOF and GC-MS
Authors: Tang Wenjing , Chen Jianping , Du Mengjiao , Chen Lishi , Yang Yi , Wu Shufen , Zhang Biting , Yu Chuqin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective: Analysis the chemical constituents from the roots of Ficus hirta. Methods: The Ficus hirta Vahl. were extracted with 75% ethanol. Qualitative analysis of ethanol extracts was carried out by using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Result: Twenty compounds were identified by LCMS-IT-TOF. Nine compounds were identified by GC-MS. Psoralens and bergapten were identified by LCMS-IT-TOF and GC-MS. Conclusion: LC-MS-TOF and GC-MS have identified 27 compounds, including 9 flavonoids, 6 coumarins, 3 organic acids, 3 organic alcohols, 2 organic esters, 1 terpene, 1 polyphenol, 1 alkaloid and 1 anthraquinone, which laid a foundation for further study of Ficus hirta Vahl. and its compound preparations.
Study on Preparation, Microstructure and Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Ceramic Coating on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy in Phosphate Electrolyte
Authors: Chen Xianming , Fan Yingying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The micro-arc oxidation behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy in alkaline phosphate electrolyte was studied. The effect of phosphate on the microstructure and properties of micro-arc oxide film was investigated and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and salt spray test. The results show that phosphate concentration has an important effect on the surface morphology, phase structure, thickness and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation film. With the increase of phosphate concentration from 5g/L to 30g/L, the film quality decreases, the surface roughness increases, the thickness decreases and the corrosion resistance decreases. So in phosphate electrolysis the lower phosphate concentration in the liquid system is helpful to the formation of better film quality.
Photochemical Preparation of Selenium-rGO Composite for Application in Photocatalytic Degradation
Authors: Zhong Wenyu , Sun Fengqiang , He Guping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Se-rGO composite photocatalyst was prepared by photochemical method and improved Hummers method. The morphology and structure of the photocatalyst were characterized by SEM and XRD. The photocatalytic properties of the composite were studied by degrading RhB under UV light. The results showed that the composite retained the original mophorlogy of selenium and graphene oxide after compounding, where a large number of spherical Se particles are clustered and loaded on the surface of GO layers; hexagonal phase is observed in the pattern of pure Se, and the crystalline structure remains unchanged after compounding GO. The photocatalytic activity of the composite is more than twice as high as that of the pure Se. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the photochemical prepared Se-rGO composite is much higher than that of the mechanically mixed Se/GO. Se-rGO composite has good photocatalytic performance and the degradation process conforms well to the first-order reaction kinetics. The degradation rate of RhB solution can reach 76.8% after 120 minutes of UV irradiation.
Oxidative Leaching of Vanadium from Vanadium-chromium Reducing Residue with MnO2
Authors: Peng Hao , Yang Liu , Chen Ya , Guo Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper focused on the leaching process of vanadium from vanadium-chromium reducing residue in alkaline medium with MnO2. The effects of serval parameters like reaction time, reaction temperature, dosage of MnO2, dosage of NaOH, and liquid-to-solid ratioon the leaching process had been studied. The results indicated that MnO2 was an efficient oxidant for vanadium leaching out. The leaching efficiency of vanadium was up to 97.25% at reaction temperature of 90 °C, reaction time of 60 min, dosage of MnO2 at 50 wt.%, concentration of NaOH at 30 wt.% and liquid-to-solid at 5:1 mL/g.
A Study on Environmental Cost of China’s Oil Production and Utilization
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Chen Xiaojun , Tang Qian , Sun Qiang , Wang Huili , Jin Ling 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper puts forward the environmental cost of China’s oil production and utilization in the aspect of atmosphere. Every aspect of oil production and utilization from exploitation to processing, and petroleum products consumption can produce negative effects on the environment, such as environmental pollution. This paper estimates the environmental cost of China’s oil production and utilization in 2015, and the results show that the environmental cost per metric ton of oil consumption is 487.9 RMB. Water pollution and water damage costs are not revealed.
Wastewater Emission Reduction by China’s Industrial Imports of and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Xie Wangsong , Zhu Qirong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
By using the input-output model and the data of China’s industrial segment industries, this paper measure the wastewater emission reduction intensity and the wastewater emission reduction of China’s industrial imports in 2012 and 2015. At the same time, it also uses the LMDI to analyze the impact of the imports changes in scale, the structural and the intensity of the wastewater emission reduction by the imports on China’s industrial wastewater emission. The results are as follows:(1) In 2012 and 2015, China’s industrial product import caused its industrial wastewater discharge to decrease by 15% and 14% respectively; (2) The decreases in the scale of the imports and the intensity of wastewater emission reduction lowered the reduction of the emission but the change in the structure of the imports improved the capacity of the reduction.
Temporal patterns of seed germination in early spring-flowering temperate woodland geophytes are modified by warming
Authors: Newton Rosemary J , Hay Fiona R , Ellis Richard H 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsUnderstorey species in temperate deciduous woodlands such as wild daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) and common snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) have complex dormancy: seeds that are shed in late spring require warm summer temperatures for embryo elongation and dormancy alleviation, but then cooler temperatures for germination in autumn. As seasons warm and tree canopies alter, how will different seasonal temperature sequences affect these complex dormancy responses?MethodsThe effect of different sequences of warmer (+5 °C), current or cooler (–5 °C) seasons (summer to spring) on seed germination patterns over seven successive seasons were investigated, with all sequences combined factorially to determine the consequences of differential seasonal temperature change for the temporal pattern of germination (and so seedling recruitment).Key ResultsLittle (&lt;1 %, G. nivalis) or no (N. pseudonarcissus) seed germination occurred during the first summer in any treatment. Germination of N. pseudonarcissus in the first autumn was considerable and greatest at the average (15 °C) temperature, irrespective of the preceding summer temperature; germination was also substantial in winter after a warmer autumn. Germination in G. nivalis was greatest in the warmest first autumn and influenced by preceding summer temperature (average &gt; warmer &gt; cooler); the majority of seeds that germinated over the whole study did so during the two autumns but also in year 2’s cooler summer after a warm spring.ConclusionsWarmer autumns and winters delay first autumn germination of N. pseudonarcissus to winter but advance it in G. nivalis; overall, warming will deplete the soil seed bank of these species, making annual seed influx increasingly important for recruitment and persistence. This study provides a comprehensive account of the effects of temperature changes in different seasons on seed germination in these early spring-flowering geophytes and consequently informs how these and other temperate woodland species with complex seed dormancy may respond to future climate change.
Analysis of α-synuclein species enriched from cerebral cortex of humans with sporadic dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Sanderson John B , De Suman , Jiang Haiyang , Rovere Matteo , Jin Ming , Zaccagnini Ludovica , Hays Watson Aurelia , De Boni Laura , Lagomarsino Valentina N , Young-Pearse Tracy L , Liu Xinyue , Pochapsky Thomas C , Hyman Bradley T , Dickson Dennis W , Klenerman David , Selkoe Dennis J , Bartels Tim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Since researchers identified α-synuclein as the principal component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, studies have suggested that it plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of dementia with Lewy bodies and other ‘synucleinopathies’. While α-synuclein dyshomeostasis likely contributes to the neurodegeneration associated with the synucleinopathies, few direct biochemical analyses of α-synuclein from diseased human brain tissue currently exist. In this study, we analysed sequential protein extracts from a substantial number of patients with neuropathological diagnoses of dementia with Lewy bodies and corresponding controls, detecting a shift of cytosolic and membrane-bound physiological α-synuclein to highly aggregated forms. We then fractionated aqueous extracts (cytosol) from cerebral cortex using non-denaturing methods to search for soluble, disease-associated high molecular weight species potentially associated with toxicity. We applied these fractions and corresponding insoluble fractions containing Lewy-type aggregates to several reporter assays to determine their bioactivity and cytotoxicity. Ultimately, high molecular weight cytosolic fractions enhances phospholipid membrane permeability, while insoluble, Lewy-associated fractions induced morphological changes in the neurites of human stem cell-derived neurons. While the concentrations of soluble, high molecular weight α-synuclein were only slightly elevated in brains of dementia with Lewy bodies patients compared to healthy, age-matched controls, these observations suggest that a small subset of soluble α-synuclein aggregates in the brain may drive early pathogenic effects, while Lewy body-associated α-synuclein can drive neurotoxicity.
Conceptualization and validation of the Neighbourhood Cohesion Index using exploratory structural equation modelling
Authors: Ross Allison , Searle Mark 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Neighbourhood Cohesion Index (NCI) is a popular scale used to measure social capital and cohesion at the neighbourhood level. Despite its prevalent use, discrepancies exist with regard to the factor structure of the scale. We explore a two- versus three-factor conceptualization of the NCI by comparing results of confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) for each model among a representative sample of adults (n = 798) in the Greater Phoenix Metropolitan Area (AS, USA). The ESEM three-factor model with the subscales of attraction, neighbouring, and sense of community was the best model fit. This three-factor model proved to be invariant across age, gender, health, and race within our sample. Given the need to determine consistent definitions and measurement of social capital and cohesion, these findings strengthen and support the use of the NCI as an instrument to measure attraction, neighbouring, and sense of community within neighbourhoods.