bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterisation of titanate nanomaterial thin films in mixed aqueous NaOH/KOH
Authors: An Yongliang , Yin Dongsong , Song Liang , Chen Yongsheng , Gao Kunkun 
Published: January 2020

Titanate nanomaterial thin films were prepared using an alkaline hydrothermal method in various molar ratios of NaOH/KOH mixed aqueous solution at a total concentration of 10 M. The as‐prepared nanomaterials were characterised by X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of the molar ratio of Na+/K+ on the morphologies and microstructures of titanate nanomaterials were studied. With the molar ratio of Na+/K+ decreases, the mean diameter of nanomaterials increases. The phase and structure transformation of nanomaterials were from sodium titanate nanotubes to potassium titanate nanowires and the formation mechanism was discussed.
L’enfant difficile à l’âge de latence : de l’importance d’évaluer pour bien traiter
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel 
Published: January 2020

Les facteurs qui influencent le devenir de la pulsion agressive se situent tant au niveau de l’enfant lui-même qu’à celui de l’entourage socio-familial et de la société. Le comportement difficile de l’enfant à l’âge de latence interroge de nombreux paramètres, tant sur le plan du fonctionnement psychique de l’individu concerné qu’au niveau relationnel. Par ailleurs, ce cortège symptomatologique vient questionner les valeurs sociétales, dont, entre autres, la notion d’autorité. Ainsi, ces difficultés habituellement tenaces demandent une prise en charge adéquate et une réflexion la plus large possible sur les relations à l’intérieur des familles et dans notre société en général. La démarche évaluative consiste à appréhender la fonction des symptômes, la souffrance de l’enfant dans sa trajectoire neuro-psycho-développementale afin d’engager un accompagnement d’aide et de soins adapté. Derrière le terme d’enfant « difficile », se découvre habituellement une grande souffrance psychique plus ou moins reconnue. L’évaluation porte sur l’enfant en question dans ses dimensions cognitive, affective, relationnelle, ainsi que sur l’entourage socio-familial. Il est essentiel d’appréhender les attitudes de l’entourage socio-familial par rapport au comportement difficile de l’enfant, en précisant qu’il s’agit, une fois encore, d’un phénomène circulaire.
A new procedure combining local resection with endoscopic submucosal dissection for low rectal tumor: a four-case series
Authors: Asayama Naoki , Nagata Shinji , Miguchi Masashi , Shigita Kenjiro , Aoyama Taiki , Fukumoto Akira , Mukai Shinichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRectal tumors are traditionally resected by proctectomy to ensure the achievement of negative margins, an approach associated with an adverse impact on subsequent quality of life due to sequelae such as permanent stoma and urinary and sexual dysfunction. Many studies have now demonstrated that recurrence after local excision of early rectal tumors is significantly higher than would typically be expected. We have developed a new procedure, described herein, that combines local resection with endoscopic submucosal dissection for low rectal tumor. We report four consecutive cases (three submucosal tumors and one tumor with clinical deep submucosal invasion) treated at Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital between January 2009 and March 2018. The mean duration of the procedure was 137 minutes. The en bloc resection and histologically complete resection rates were 100 %. Delayed bleeding and perforation rates were 0 %. Postoperative complications were fever and anal pain (one case each). All patients recovered with conservative therapy. No recurrence was found in any of the four patients during a follow-up period of 56 months. Our combined endoscopic and surgical procedure for low rectal tumors enabled definite negative vertical margins, reduced tumor volume, allowed for accurate pathological diagnosis, preserved rectal function, and aided the decision on additional therapy.
Politik muss die Stimme der Pflege hören
Authors: Maio Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungPflege als eigene Profession muss sich oft an vorgegebenen Prozessen orientieren. Viel zu oft bleiben so genuine Aufgaben der Berugsgruppe auf der Strecke. Der MedizinethikerProf. Giovanni Maio plädiert dafür, auf die Stimme der Pflege zu hören.
Safety of Retrograde Flow of Internal Mammary Vein: Cadaveric Study and Anatomical Evidence
Authors: Seok Nam Yong , Hong Eunah , Kwon Jin Geun , Kim In-Beom , Eom Jin Sup , Han Hyun Ho 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Additional second vessels may be required to handle multiple flaps used to add breast volume, boost blood flow for supercharging, or use salvage recipient vessels. In these situations, retrograde internal mammary vessel flow can be used although this causes doubts and concerns.
Patients and Methods Forty sides of the chests of 20 fresh cadavers with intact thoracic cages and internal mammary veins (IMV) were used in the study. IMV valve numbers and locations were checked, and the bifurcation was confirmed. A retrograde fluorescent angiography and a saline infusion test were followed to confirm flow direction.
Results Twenty-eight vessels were identified in 40 sides of the chest; of them, 45% had no valves. A mean 0.7 valves per chest side were identified; 23 (82.1%) of 28 valves were located above the second intercostal space (ICS). A mean 1.76 communicating veins were found between the IMV bifurcation. In all cadavers, a crossing vein connecting the left and right medial IMV was confirmed just below the xiphoid process. Fluorescent angiography and a saline infusion test proved that the retrograde flow was caudal through the bifurcated IMV to the communicating, intercostal, and crossing veins.
Conclusion The IMV valve was present in 55% of our subjects and located concentrically above the second ICS level. It is highly unlikely that the retrograde flow was disturbed because the retrograde anastomosis level was below the second ICS. Furthermore, the bifurcation, intercostal, and crossing veins across the xiphoid process enabled valve-less detour flow. Thus, retrograde IMV flow is considered safe.
Deformidade dos ossos pélvicos e sua correlação com o ângulo centro-borda acetabular
Authors: Roos Bruno Dutra , Roos Milton Valdomiro , Camisa Júnior Antero , Lima Ezequiel Moreno Ungaretti , Tisatto Darby Lira , Argoud Marcel Cruz 
Published: January 2020

Resumo
Objetivos O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a deformidade dos ossos pélvicos e sua correlação com ângulo centro-borda acetabular (CE).
Métodos Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo caso-controle, entre agosto de 2014 e abril de 2015. Os critérios de inclusão foram pacientes consecutivos com idades entre 20 e 60 anos. Os critérios de exclusão foram: doença metabólica, cirurgia prévia de quadril ou coluna, radiografia evidenciando artrose de quadril ≥ Tönnis 2, displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril (DDQ) severa, sobrecobertura acetabular global, sinal do cruzamento das linhas acetabulares, deformidades decorrentes de epifisiólise ou Legg-Perthes-Calveé, e radiografia sem qualidade adequada. Foram avaliados na radiografia anteroposterior (AP) de pelve: o ângulo CE, índice acetabular (IA), sinal do cruzamento das linhas acetabulares, mensuração do eixo horizontal e vertical da hemipelve superior e inferior (H1: Linha Horizontal 1, hemipelve superior; H2: Linha Horizontal 2, hemipelve superior; V1: Linha Vertical, hemipelve superior; HR: Linha Horizontal, hemipelve inferior; VR: Linha Vertical, hemipelve inferior). As mensurações H1, H2, V1, HR e VR foram consideradas assimétricas quando, na comparação de uma hemipelve em relação ao lado contralateral, evidenciou-se uma diferença > 5 mm. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos: controle e grupo 1.
Resultados O total de pacientes avaliados no período foi de 228 (456 quadris). De acordo com os critérios estabelecidos, foram incluídos neste estudo 93 pacientes. A idade média foi de 39,9 anos (20 a 60 anos, desvio padrão [DP] = 10,5), e o ângulo CE médio do quadril direito foi de 31,5° (20° a 40°) e do esquerdo de 32,3° (20° a 40°). Um total de 38 pacientes foi incluído no grupo controle, sendo que com relação à H1, foi constatada aferição assimétrica em 4 casos (10,5%), H2 em 5 (13,1%), V1 em 7 (18,4%), HR em 5 (13,1%), e VR em 1 caso (2,63%). No grupo 1, foram incluídos 55 pacientes, sendo que com relação à H1, foi constatada aferição assimétrica em 24 casos (43,6%), H2 em 50 (90,9%), V1 em 28 (50,9%), HR em 16 (29,09%), e VR em 8 casos (14,5%). Na comparação entre o grupo controle e o grupo 1, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa para a assimetria das mensurações H1, H2 e V1 (p < 0,001).
Conclusão No presente trabalho, evidenciou-se correlação entre variação do ângulo CE acetabular e assimetria da hemipelve superior. Os presentes autores acreditam que o melhor entendimento das alterações morfológicas pélvicas permite uma maior facilidade no diagnóstico das deformidades articulares do quadril.
Protocolo para captação, transporte e preservação de tecido osteocondral humano
Authors: Vivacqua Thiago Alberto , Prinz Rafael Dantas , Cavanellas Naasson , Barretto João Maurício , de Sousa Eduardo Branco , Aguiar Diego Pinheiro 
Published: January 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Elaborar um protocolo para a captação, transporte e preservação de tecido osteocondral humano para utilização em banco de tecidos (BT).
Métodos Foram analisados fragmentos osteocondrais com dimensão de 2 cm3 de 5 doadores cadáveres com idades entre 15 e 45 anos. As amostras foram armazenadas em meio de preservação celular contendo: albumina humana, Iscove's e vancomicina preservados à temperatura de 4°C. A concentração de proteoglicanos no meio extracelular foi quantificada pelo uso de Safranina-O, enquanto a análise estrutural do tecido foi avaliada através de estudo histológico com lâminas coradas em hematoxilina-eosina. As imagens obtidas foram analisadas segundo os escore histológicos de Mankin e o escore proposto pela OsteoArthritis Research Society International. As amostras foram analisadas com 0, 15, 30 e 45 dias de preservação.
Resultados Os fragmentos osteocondrais estudados apresentaram diminuição progressiva na concentração de proteoglicanos com o aumento do tempo de preservação. Após 30 dias de preservação, foram identificadas alterações estruturais com descontinuidade da camada superficial da cartilagem. Segundo os resultados obtidos pelo escore de Mankin, houve diferença com significância estatística entre 15 e 30 dias de preservação do tecido.
Conclusão O protocolo descrito definiu o transporte de joelho em bloco imerso em Ringer Lactato em temperatura controlada a 10°C até sua chegada ao BT. Após o processamento, a solução de preservação foi composta por meio de cultura celular sem soro Iscove's suplementado com albumina humana a 10% e vancomicina 100 µg/mL. O tecido foi preservado à temperatura de 4°C até o momento do transplante caracterizando a preservação a fresco.
Homeopathic Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Open, Observational Trial
Authors: Kundu Nivedita , De Mahadeb , Singh Subhas , Michael James , Nath Arunava , Magotra Nitin , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Rheumatological complaints including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are frequently encountered conditions in homeopathy practice. On account of progressive destruction and disability of the joints, and troublesome side effects and dissatisfaction with the mainstream therapies, homeopathy remains one of the most sought-after therapies; however, it remained under-researched systematically. Aim of this trial was to evaluate the possible role of homeopathic treatment in RA by determining changes in severity of complaints and quality of life.
Materials and Methods An open observational trial was performed on 50 patients suffering from RA (classified as per 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria) at National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata and were assessed over 4 months of treatment. Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) and Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (RADAI) were used as the primary and secondary outcome measures respectively. Individualised medicines were prescribed on the basis of homeopathic principles.
Results Six patients dropped out; 44 completed the trial. Intention-to-treat sample (n = 50) was analysed in the end. There were statistically significant reductions in both DAS28 score (6.8 ± 1.0 vs. 6.1 ± 1.2; mean reduction 0.7, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9, p < 0.001) and RADAI score (6.6 ± 1.8 vs. 5.2 ± 1.9; mean reduction 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.9, p < 0.001) over 4 months of individualised homeopathic treatment.
Conclusion Individualised homeopathic medicines seemed to produce promising treatment effects by reducing DAS28 and RADAI scores significantly over 4 months. Further randomised trials are warranted with enhanced methodological rigor (Trial registration: CTRI/2017/06/008848).
SOLPS-ITER modeling with activated drifts for a snowflake divertor in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Pan O , Lunt T , Wischmeier M , Coster D , Stroth U 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We report on the first SOLPS-ITER simulations of a low-field side snowflake minus (LFS SF−) divertor configuration with drifts fully activated in ASDEX Upgrade. Compared to a reference case without drifts, the simulation in normal toroidal magnetic field configuration (B × ∇B points to the primary X-point) shows a larger low-field-side/high-field-side asymmetry, an enhanced radial cross field transport, as well as a flux redistribution between the primary and secondary strike points. Although small compared to the total input power, power is found even on a strike point magnetically disconnected from the outer mid-plane, which is hard to explain by purely diffusive transport.
Quantum state merging with bound entanglement
Authors: Streltsov Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Quantum state merging is one of the most important protocols in quantum information theory. In this task two parties aim to merge their parts of a pure tripartite state by making use of additional singlets while preserving correlations with a third party. We study a variation of this scenario where the shared state is not necessarily pure, and the merging parties have free access to local operations, classical communication, and positive partial transpose (PPT) entangled states. We provide general conditions for a state to admit perfect merging, and present a family of fully separable states which cannot be perfectly merged if the merging parties have no access to additional singlets. We also show that free PPT entangled states do not give any advantage for merging of pure states, and the conditional entropy plays the same role as in standard quantum state merging quantifying the rate of additional singlets needed to perfectly merge the state.
Driving quantum correlated atom-pairs from a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Chih Liang-Ying , Holland Murray 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The ability to cool quantum gases into the quantum degenerate realm has opened up possibilities for an extreme level of quantum-state control. In this paper, we investigate one such control protocol that demonstrates the resonant amplification of quasimomentum pairs from a Bose–Einstein condensate by the periodic modulation of the two-body s-wave scattering length. This shows a capability to selectively amplify quantum fluctuations with a predetermined momentum, where the momentum value can be spectroscopically tuned. A classical external field that excites pairs of particles with the same energy but opposite momenta is reminiscent of the coherently-driven nonlinearity in a parametric amplifier crystal in nonlinear optics. For this reason, it may be anticipated that the evolution will generate a ‘squeezed’ matter-wave state in the quasiparticle mode on resonance with the modulation frequency. Our model and analysis is motivated by a recent experiment by Clark et al that observed a time-of-flight pattern similar to an exploding firework (Clark et al 2017 Nature
551 356–9). Since the drive is a highly coherent process, we interpret the observed firework patterns as arising from a monotonic growth in the two-body correlation amplitude, so that the jets should contain correlated atom pairs with nearly equal and opposite momenta. We propose a potential future experiment based on applying Ramsey interferometry to experimentally probe these pair correlations.
Changing rapid weather variability increases influenza epidemic risk in a warming climate
Authors: Liu Qi , Tan Zhe-Min , Sun Jie , Hou Yayi , Fu Congbin , Wu Zhaohua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is believed that the continuing change in the Earth’s climate will affect the viral activity and transmission of influenza over the coming decades. However, a consensus of the severity of the risk of an influenza epidemic in a warming climate has not been reached. It was previously reported that the warmer winter can reduce influenza epidemic caused mortality, but this relation cannot explain the deadly influenza epidemic in many countries over northern mid-latitudes in the winter of 2017–2018, one of the warmest winters in recent decades. Here, we reveal that the widely spread 2017–2018 influenza epidemic can be attributed to the abnormally strong rapid weather variability. We demonstrate, from historical data, that the large rapid weather variability in autumn can precondition the deadly influenza epidemic in the subsequent months in highly populated northern mid-latitudes; and the influenza epidemic season of 2017–2018 was a typical case. We further show that climate model projections reach a consensus that the rapid weather variability in autumn will continue to strengthen in some regions of northern mid-latitudes in a warming climate, implying that the risk of an influenza epidemic may increase 20% to 50% in some highly populated regions in the later 21st century.
Geographic versus institutional drivers of nitrogen footprints: a comparison of two urban universities
Authors: MacDonald Graham K , Talbot Julie , Moore Tim R , Arsenault Julien , McCourt Sibeal , Goertzen Aidan , Kessler-Nadeau Max Émile , Manaugh Kevin , Maranger Roxane , Robinson Brian E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Excess reactive nitrogen (N) is linked to a myriad of environmental problems that carry large social costs. Nitrogen footprint tools can help institutions understand how their direct and indirect activities are associated with N release to the environment through energy use, food, and transportation. However, little is known about how geographic context shapes the environmental footprints of institutions. Defining the system boundaries over which institutions are responsible and able to control individual drivers of N footprints is also a challenge. Here, we compare and contrast the circa 2017 N footprints for two research intensive universities located in Montréal, Canada, with a combined full-time equivalent campus population of ∼83 000. Our estimate of McGill University’s N footprint (121.2 t N yr−1) is 48% greater than Université de Montréal’s (74.1 t N yr−1), which is also reflected on a per capita basis (3.3 and 1.6 kg N capita−1 yr−1, respectively). Key institutional factors that explain the differences include McGill’s larger residential and international student populations, research farm, and characteristics of its on-campus fuel use. We use a series of counterfactual scenarios to test how shared urban geographic context factors lead to an effective reduction of the N footprints at both universities: the relatively small direct role of both institutions in food intake on campus (29%–68% reduction compared to a counterfactual scenario), energy from hydroelectricity (17%–21% reduction), and minimal car commuting by students (2%–3% reduction). In contrast, the near-zero N removal from the municipal wastewater system effectively increases the N footprints (11%–13% increase compared to a modest N removal and offset scenario). Our findings suggest that a shared geographic context of a dense city with plentiful off-campus housing, food options, and access to hydroelectricity shapes the absolute N footprints of Montréal’s two main universities more than the divergent institutional characteristics that influence their relative N footprints.
History and perspectives for the expansion of the Russian Arctic o Ecumene
Authors: Gladkiy Yu N , Sukhorukov V D , Samylovskaya E A , A Kudryavtseva R-E , Almazova-Ilyina A B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The study of the Arctic has been and remains an urgent scientific and practical task. The Arctic region plays an exceptional role in modern world politics and economy. Russia is an active participant in all Arctic events. Arctic possessions of Russia are huge and rich in many kinds of valuable resources. The authors formulate General theoretical provisions and criteria of practical effectiveness, with the help of which it is possible to fix the strategy and objectives in the field of development of the Russian Arctic as an intensive living space (Ecumene). Such provisions and criteria are associated with so-called “codes of expansion”, among which the natural, civilizational, socio-economic, ecological, recreational and geopolitical are analyzed. It is emphasized that the main reason for the slow development and low population of the Arctic zone of Russia are extreme climatic conditions, including permanent ice cover and drifting ice in the Arctic seas.
The Northern Sea Route: problems and prospects of development of transport route in the Arctic
Authors: Fedorov V P , Zhuravel V P , Grinyaev S N , Medvedev D A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Abstract The article reveals the peculiarities of the Northern Sea route as a key transport route in the Arctic and assesses the current state and prospects for its development. The authors pays attention to the analysis of restructure and growth of the cargo transportation on the Norhten Sea route, as well as measures for its development and improvement of the organizational structure of management, and navigation safety, and also development of port’s infrastructures in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the state corporation Rosatom in late 2018 adopted the functionals of the single infrastructure operator of the Northern Sea route. Measures taken by the government of the Russian Federation to further develop a modern icebreaker fleet are revealed. It is noted that the new approach to the functioning of the Northern Sea route consists in a significant increase in its cargo transportation with the parallel development of Russian Arctic territories within the framework of the pivotal development zones. The authors conclude that the present development of the Northen Sea route is more directed for solving social and economic problems in the Russian Arctic. The article also outlines the perspective international aspects of the development of the Northern Sea route, which are already being implemented.