bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzoquinone alters the lipid homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Raj Abhishek , Nachiappan Vasanthi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the impact of benzoquinone (BQ) on lipid homeostasis and cytotoxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods: The impact of BQ exposure on wild-type and knockouts of PC biosynthesizing genes revealed the alterations in the lipids that were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, thin layer chromatography, and gene expression studies. Results: In yeast, BQ exposure reduced the growth pattern in wild-type cells. The gene knockout strains of the phospholipid metabolism altered the mRNA expression of the apoptosis genes – both caspase-dependent and independent. The BQ exposure revealed an increase in both the phospholipids and neutral lipids via the CDP:DAG and the Kennedy pathway genes. The accumulation of both neutral lipids and phospholipids during the BQ exposure was discrete and regulated by different pathways. Conclusions: BQ exposure inhibited cell growth, increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and altered membrane proliferation. The CDP:DAG and Kennedy pathway lipids also discretely altered by BQ, which is required for the membrane functions and energy purposes of life.
Regularity Matters: Unpredictable Speech Degradation Inhibits Adaptation to Dysarthric Speech
Authors: Lansford Kaitlin L. , Borrie Stephanie A. , Barrett Tyson S. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Listener-targeted perceptual training paradigms, which leverage the mechanism of perceptual learning, show strong promise for improving intelligibility in dysarthria, offsetting the communicative burden from the speaker onto the listener. Theoretical models of perceptual learning underscore the importance of acoustic regularity (i.e., signal predictability) for listener adaptation to degraded speech. The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate intelligibility outcomes following perceptual training with hyperkinetic dysarthria, a subtype characterized by reduced signal predictability.

Method
Forty listeners completed the standard 3-phase perceptual training protocol (pretest, training, and posttest) with 1 of 2 talkers with hyperkinetic dysarthria. Perceptual data were compared to a historical data set for 1 other talker with hyperkinetic dysarthria to examine the effect of perceptual training on intelligibility.

Results
When controlling for pretest intelligibility, regression results suggest listeners of the 2 novel talkers with hyperkinetic dysarthria performed comparably to the listeners of the original talker on the posttest following training. Furthermore, differences between pretest and posttest intelligibility failed to reach clinical significance for all 3 talkers and statistical significance for 2 of the 3.

Conclusion
The current findings are consistent with theoretical models of perceptual learning and suggest that listener adaptation to degraded speech may be negligible for talkers with dysarthria whose speech is marked by reduced signal predictability.
Phonology, Semantics, and the Comprehension–Expression Gap in Emerging Lexicons
Authors: Stokes Stephanie F. , de Bree Elise , Kerkhoff Annemarie , Momenian Mohammad , Zamuner Tania 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Children come to understand many words by the end of their 1st year of life, and yet, generally by 12 months, only a few words are said. In this study, we investigated which linguistic factors contribute to this comprehension–expression gap the most. Specifically, we asked the following: Are phonological neighborhood density, semantic neighborhood density, and word frequency (WF) significant predictors of the probability that words known (understood) by children would appear in their spoken lexicons?

Method

Monosyllabic words in the active (understood and said) and passive (understood, not said) lexicons of 201 toddlers were extracted from the Dutch Communicative Development Inventory (
Zink & Lejaegere, 2002
) parent-completed forms. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was applied to the data.

Results
Phonological neighborhood density and WF were independently and significantly associated with whether or not a known word would be in children's spoken lexicons, but semantic neighborhood density was not. There were individual differences in the impact of WF on the probability that known words would be said.

Conclusion
The novel findings reported here have 2 major implications. First, they indicate that the comprehension–expression gap exists partly because the phonological distributional properties of words determine how readily words can be phonologically encoded for word production. Second, there are likely subtle and complex individual differences in how and when the statistical properties of the ambient language impact on children's emerging lexicons that might best be explored via longitudinal sampling of word knowledge and use.
Vestibular and Balance Dysfunction Following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Bogle Jamie M. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeSport-related concussion is a significant public health concern that requires a multidisciplinary team to appropriately manage. Athletes often report dizziness and imbalance following concussion, and these symptoms can predict increased time to recover. Vestibular diagnostic evaluations provide important information regarding the athlete's oculomotor, gaze stability, and balance function in order to identify deficits for rehabilitation. These measures also describe objective function helpful for determining when an athlete is ready to return to play. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide background on the current understanding of the effects of concussion on the peripheral and central vestibular system, as well as information on a protocol that can be used for acute concussion assessment. Case studies describing 3 common postconcussion presentations will highlight the usefulness of this protocol.ConclusionSport-related concussion is a highly visible disorder with many symptoms that may be evaluated in the vestibular clinic. A thoughtful protocol evaluating the typical presentation of these patients may help guide the multidisciplinary team in determining appropriate management and clearance for return to sport.
One‐pot synthesis of two‐dimensional porphyrin‐based polymer and derived N‐doped porous carbon as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts
Authors: Cui Tian‐Lu , He Jun‐Ying , Chen Jian‐Jun 
Published: November 2019

This work describes the synthesis and functions of a two‐dimensional porous polymer based on porphyrin. Upon condensation, coordination and treatment with high temperature, porphyrin‐based porous carbon nanosheets were obtained with the high specific surface area of 466 m2 g−1. Benefiting from its high surface area, co‐doping with iron/nitrogen and hierarchical porous structure, the optimised example exhibits excellent electrochemical performance for the oxygen reduction reaction under alkaline conditions with a low half‐wave potential of 0.73 V (lower than 0.78 V for Pt/C), a dominant four‐electron transfer mechanism (n = 3.97 at 0.64 V) and a high diffusion limiting current density of 5.27 mA cm−2.
Möglichkeiten der nicht operativen Behandlung von Pseudarthrosen
Authors: Everding Jens , Stolberg-Stolberg Josef , Roßlenbroich Steffen , Raschke Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungPseudarthrosen sind häufige Verletzungsfolgen nach Frakturen. Goldstandard der Behandlung dieser Frakturheilungsstörungen ist die operative Therapie basierend auf dem „Diamond Concept“. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen ist jedoch eine nicht operative Behandlung von Pseudarthrosen möglich. In der Folge werden die am häufigsten angewendeten konservativen Verfahren einschließlich Belastungssteigerung und biophysikalischer Maßnahmen (niedrig intensivierte gepulste Ultraschalltherapie, fokussierte hochenergetische extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie, elektrische und elektromagnetische Therapie) beschrieben und die sinnvolle Indikationsstellung, die Vor- und Nachteile sowie der Stellenwert dieser Möglichkeiten diskutiert.
Verminderung des kardiovaskulären Risikos an der Hämo- und Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Braunisch Matthias C. , Contzen Barbara , Küchle Claudius 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDialysepatienten leiden in hohem Maße unter einer erhöhten kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität, die auch durch ernährungsbedingte Faktoren wie z. B. Hyperphosphatämie verursacht werden. Gerade hier spielt die Ernährungstherapie hinsichtlich phosphatreicher Nahrungsmittel eine wichtige Rolle. In letzter Zeit ist der Zusammenhang zwischen einer zu geringen alimentären Magnesium-Zufuhr und der Gefäßverkalkung durch die Kalzium-Phosphat-Komplexierung in den Fokus geraten. Hier wäre eine alimentäre Zufuhr wünschenswert, ist aber beim Dialysepatienten nur schwer durchführbar, da magnesiumreiche Nahrungsmittel meist auch kaliumreich sind. Ähnliches gilt für die mediterrane Kost, welche in der Allgemeinbevölkerung zur kardiovaskulären Risikoreduktion beiträgt. Beim Dialysepatienten konnte bisher jedoch nur der Nutzen von gesteigerter Obst- und Gemüsezufuhr hinsichtlich einer Mortalitätsreduktion nachgewiesen werden.
Infektionsprävention in der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Götting Tim , Neß Thomas , Ebner Winfried 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie „klassischen“ nosokomialen Infektionen wie Harnwegsinfektionen und Pneumonien
werden nicht mit der Augenheilkunde assoziiert. Dennoch sind Infektionen, die
mit ophthalmologischen und ophthalmochirurgischen Behandlungen in Verbindung
stehen, sehr ernst zu nehmen. Sie können zu einer erheblichen Verschlechterung
des Sehvermögens bis hin zur völligen Erblindung führen.
The German Evidence-Based Child Protection Guideline – Imaging in Suspected Child Abuse
Authors: Born Markus , Schwier Frauke , Stoever Brigitte , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Freiberg Jürgen 
Published: November 2019

Aim Development of a fully evidence-based guideline including all aspects of child abuse.
Methods In a case-based procedure, 144 primary PICO questions were generated from 476 presented cases of child abuse. Literature research was performed in 5 databases (Pubmed, CINHAL, Embase, PsycInfo, Eric) and in the Cochrane Library. The literature was evaluated according to SIGN and AGREE II.
Results 137 recommendations were developed. Those related to imaging procedures are presented and discussed in this article.
Conclusion The first fully evidence-based German guideline concerning all aspects of child abuse has been established. For imaging, several relevant new approaches have been proposed.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Injury Incidence Rates and Profiles in Elite Taekwondo during Competition and Training
Authors: Geßlein Markus , Rüther Johannes , Bail Hermann Josef , Schuster Philipp , Krutsch Werner , Wolpert Alexander Karl 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate exposure adjusted injury incidence rates and profiles associated with training and competition in an elite taekwondo athlete population. 82 athletes were investigated for injuries over a period of 5 years. Individual fight time exposure for training and competition was recorded. The type and location of the injuries were classified and exposure-adjusted injury incidence rates (IIR) were calculated per 1000 h for training and competition. 66 athletes with a mean age of 19.3±4.2 years and 172 injuries were included in the final data assessment. The exposure adjusted IIR was significantly higher during competition (p<0.001) with a rate ratio of 6.33 (95% CI 4.58–8.69). Ankle and foot region as well as hand and wrist were most affected with significant higher IIR in competition (p<0.001). Joint injuries, fractures, and bruising occurred the most. Fractures occurred mainly to the hand and wrist region. Future investigations should focus on exposure adjusted injury data including analyses of the detailed mechanism leading to especially severe injuries to improve specific injury prevention in competition and promote evolution of protective gear.
OCT-Angiografie
Authors: Lommatzsch Albrecht 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie OCT-Angiografie (OCTA) stellt ein neues nichtinvasives Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen Darstellung der retinalen und choroidalen Gefäße dar. Im Vergleich zur konventionellen Angiografie erlaubt die OCTA eine Separierung und differenzierte Untersuchung oberflächlicher und tiefer retinaler Gefäßsysteme und erschließt neue Möglichkeiten zum Verständnis der Pathophysiologie vaskulärer Netzhauterkrankungen sowie zur Früherkennung vaskulärer Veränderungen. Im Gegensatz lässt sich jedoch nur der intravaskuläre Flow beurteilen, sodass klassische Angiografiephänomene wie Leckage mit der OCTA nicht dargestellt werden können.
NEN: Advancement in Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Therapy
Authors: Putzer Daniel , Schullian Peter , Jaschke Werner , Bale Reto 
Published: November 2019

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a heterogeneous type of malignant disease and frequently present with symptoms caused by the secretion of metabolically active substances or the manifestation of distant metastases, with the liver being the most frequent site of spreading. Early diagnosis of metastatic disease is recognized as the major prognostic factor in NEN patients. Complete surgical resection is feasible in only selected cases. For patients with unresectable liver metastases, various locoregional treatment approaches are available. Over the last decade, therapeutic procedures including locoregional and systemic treatments have been investigated for gastroenteropancreatic NEN (GEP-NEN), especially for metastatic disease to the liver. Only a few prospective clinical trials have compared these approaches, and the management of individual patients remains subject to clinical expertise and judgement. Locoregional treatments are applicable in patients with limited metastatic involvement of the liver, and may be used for tumor debulking and symptom control in patients with diffuse liver involvement.
Key Points:

Citation Format
Endovascular Retreatment of Cerebral Aneurysms Previously Treated with Endovascular Embolization
Authors: Gao Bu-Lang , Li Hui , Li Cong-Hui , Wang Ji-Wei , Liu Jian-Feng , Yang Song-Tao 
Published: November 2019

Objective Intracranial aneurysms treated with endovascular coil embolization may recur. We investigated the factors affecting aneurysmal recurrence after embolization and effects of endovascular retreatment within 1 year.
Methods In 3 years, 1,335 patients with 1,385 intracranial aneurysms were treated with coil embolization. Factors affecting aneurysm recurrence and the effects of endovascular retreatment were analyzed.
Results Angiography immediately following embolization showed total occlusion in 1,030 aneurysms (74.4%), neck remnant in 207 (14.9%), and partial occlusion in 148 (10.7%), with a total peri-procedure complication rate of 4.2%. Overall, 145 patients with 151 aneurysms recurred within 1 year and the other 1,234 aneurysms remained occluded (89.1%). A significant (p < 0.05) difference existed in aneurysm size, rupture status, use of stent and immediate occlusion outcome between the two groups, with significantly (p < 0.05) lower recurrence rates in aneurysms with smaller sizes, no rupture and stent-assistance coiling. Neck remnant, partial occlusion, coiling without stent assistance, large and giant aneurysms were significant (p < 0.05) risk factors for aneurysm recurrence during the first year. The rate of recurrence was 4.7% (11/232) in aneurysms with total occlusion and 35.9% (23/64) in aneurysms with neck remnant and partial occlusion. Of the 34 recurrent aneurysms, 6 were re-embolized with detachable coils alone, 12 with stent-assisted coiling, 8 with balloon-assisted embolization, and the remaining 8 aneurysms with covered stents, resulting in total occlusion in 28 aneurysms and neck remnant in 6.
Conclusion Recurrence of previously-coiled cerebral aneurysms is significantly affected by aneurysm size, use of stent and degree of immediate occlusion. Endovascular retreatment with balloon-or stent-assisted techniques or with covered stents can be safe and effective for recurrent cerebral aneurysms.
Impact of Preclinical Labor and Delivery Shadowing on Student Perceptions of Obstetrics and Gynecology as a Specialty and Possible Career: A Prospective Cohort
Authors: Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Smid Marcela C. , Tinkham Sara , Chuang Alice 
Published: November 2019

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of preclinical shadowing on student interest and perceptions of obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN).
Methods We enrolled a prospective cohort of preclinical medical students who shadowed on labor and delivery (L&D). Students sent electronic surveys a week prior (presurvey), the week after (postsurvey), and three months after shadowing (far-survey). Responses compared using descriptive statistics. We analyzed common themes of free text responses.
Results From July 2016 to April 2017, 41 students shadowed on L&D; 81% were female. Eighty percent responded to at least one survey, 37% completed all surveys, (presurvey: 76%, postsurvey: 51%, and far-survey: 46%). Prior to shadowing, 10% (3/31) planed a career in OBGYN compared with 24% (5/21) after shadowing (p = 0.42). Over 50% of students described the people and procedures as altering their perceptions of OBGYN in a positive way. Common themes explaining this change included: culture (n = 4), team interactions (n = 4), seeing deliveries (n = 3), and hands-on experiences (n = 3). Three months after shadowing, 79% described the experience as very worthwhile. Eighty-nine percent would recommend the experience to a friend not interested in OBGYN and 100% stated they would shadow again.
Discussion Although shadowing may not increase students' desire to pursue OBGYN, it is nearly universally felt to be worthwhile and improves perceptions of the field.
Hysterectomy for Cervical and Intraligamental Fibroids
Authors: Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHysterectomy for cervical and intraligamental fibroids is particularly likely to cause massive bleeding, ureteral/bladder injury, and intestinal damage. In such cases, preoperative evaluation is very important, and the way in which surgery proceeds should be based on the preoperative evaluation findings. In other words, before starting surgery, it is important to discuss what second and third methods to use if the first surgical method is unsuccessful. The main points to consider during surgery are expanding the operative field, approaching the operation from a site with weak adhesions, and performing applied techniques such as myomectomy and retrograde hysterectomy.
Evaluation of Obesity Influence in the Sexual Function of Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Silva Gustavo Maximiliano Dutra da , Lima Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa , Reis Benedito Fabiano dos , Macruz Carolina Furtado , Postigo Sóstenes 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective The incidence of obesity, which is a chronic condition, has increased in recent years. The association between obesity and female sexual dysfunction remains unclear, particularly in postmenopausal women. In the present study, we evaluated whether obesity is a risk factor for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women.
Methods This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed data from interviews of postmenopausal women at the Climacteric Outpatient Clinic from 2015 to 2018. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 221 women aged between 40 and 65 years old were selected and invited to participate in the study. Obesity was diagnosed according to body mass index (BMI). The participants were grouped into the following BMI categories: group 1, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (normal); group 2, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight); and group 3, ≥30.0 kg/m2 (obese). Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Cutoff points of ≥23 and ≥26.5 were adopted to define a diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision by the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV-TR).
Results The desire and arousal scores were statistically higher in the normal BMI group than in the obese group (p = 0.028 and p = 0.043, respectively). The satisfaction scores were statistically higher in the normal BMI group than in the overweight and obese groups (p < 0.05). The total FSFI score statistically differed among the BMI categories (p = 0.027).
Conclusion In the present study, obese and overweight postmenopausal women had higher total scores than women with normal BMI. Our results show that obese and overweight postmenopausal women had a higher index of dysfunction in desire and arousal and lower sexual satisfaction than normal-weight women.
Organization of a Neurointensive Care Unit
Authors: Chavali Siddharth , Sidiqqi Obaid A. , Rath Girija P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough in its infancy as a specialty, neurocritical care is rapidly developing its own niche, with a wide profile of patients—both neurosurgical and those with neurological pathologies. Rapid advances in monitoring technology as well as surgical techniques have led to an increasing number of patients, often presenting with myriad concurrent illnesses, who could be best served if managed by specialist neurointensivists. Neurocritical care units are being developed as free-standing intensive care units in several tertiary care hospitals, and literature regarding their establishment and organization is scant, leading to questions regarding how best to utilize resources to gain maximum benefit. This review aims to outline the challenges that are likely to be faced during establishment of such a unit, and to identify certain issues that are specific to this specialty.
Thalidomide Reduces Cell Proliferation in Endometriosis Experimentally Induced in Rats
Authors: Antônio Luana Grupioni Lourenço , Rosa-e-Silva Julio Cesar , Machado Deborah Juliani , Westin Andrezza Telles , Garcia Sergio Britto , Candido-dos-Reis Francisco José , Poli-Neto Omero Benedicto , Nogueira Antonio Alberto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective To analyze the effect of thalidomide on the progression of endometriotic lesions experimentally induced in rats and to characterize the pattern of cell proliferation by immunohistochemical Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) labeling of eutopic and ectopic endometrium.
Methods Fifteen female Wistar rats underwent laparotomy for endometriosis induction by resection of one uterine horn, isolation of the endometrium and fixation of a tissue segment to the pelvic peritoneum. Four weeks after, the animals were divided into 3 groups: control (I), 10mg/kg/day (II) and 1mg/kg/day (III) intraperitoneal thalidomide for 10 days. The lesion was excised together with the opposite uterine horn for endometrial gland and stroma analysis. Eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue was submitted to immunohistochemistry for analysis of cell proliferation by PCNA labeling and the cell proliferation index (CPI) was calculated as the number of labeled cells per 1,000 cells.
Results Group I showed a mean CPI of 0.248 ± 0.0513 in the gland and of 0.178 ± 0.046 in the stroma. In contrast, Groups II and III showed a significantly lower CPI, that is, 0.088 ± 0.009 and 0.080 ± 0.021 for the gland (p < 0.001) and 0.0945 ± 0.0066 and 0.075 ± 0.018 for the stroma (p < 0.001), respectively. Also, the mean lesion area of Group I was 69.2 mm2, a significantly higher value compared with Group II (49.4 mm2, p = 0.023) and Group III (48.6 mm2, p = 0.006). No significant difference was observed between Groups II and III.
Conclusion Thalidomide proved to be effective in reducing the lesion area and CPI of the experimental endometriosis implants both at the dose of 1 mg/kg/day and at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day.