bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanofibrous Patches for Repairing Cracked Surfaces
Authors: Natsathaporn Papada , Crespy Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCrack repairing aims at reducing crack propagation to maintain the mechanical properties and extend the lifetime of materials. Self‐healing materials require the presence of fillers containing healing agents or a material's matrix with an intrinsic healing ability. A “patch‐and‐heal” strategy is proposed here to repair small cracks on existing materials. First, nanofibrous patches encapsulating photoinitiators or catalysts are fabricated by electrospinning. Then, small cracks are covered with flexible nanofibrous patches containing a photoinitiator or a photocatalyst. After dropping monomers on the patches, a polymer film and a foam are formed rapidly after UV‐irradiation or a thermal treatment, respectively. The “patch‐and‐heal” strategy is therefore a promising concept for repairing small cracks in a rapid and convenient manner.
Reactivity Screening of Single Atoms on Modified Graphene Surface: From Formation and Scaling Relations to Catalytic Activity
Authors: Jovanović Aleksandar Z. , Mentus Slavko V. , Skorodumova Natalia V. , Pašti Igor A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSingle atom catalysts (SACs) present the ultimate level of catalyst utilization, which puts them in the focus of current research. Using density functional theory calculations, model SACs consisting of nine metals (Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au) on four different supports (pristine graphene, N‐ and B‐doped graphene and graphene with single vacancy) are analyzed. Only graphene with a single vacancy enables the formation of SACs, which are stable in terms of aggregation and dissolution under electrochemical conditions. Reactivity of models SACs is probed using atomic (hydrogen and A = C, N, O, and S) and molecular adsorbates (AHx, x = 1, 2, 3, or 4, depending on A). Scaling relations between adsorption energies of A and AHx on model SACs are confirmed. However, the scaling is broken for CH3. There is also an evident scaling between adsorption energies of atomic and molecular adsorbates on metals SAs supported by pristine, N‐doped and B‐doped graphene, which originates from similar electronic structures of SAs on these supports. Using the obtained data, the authors analyze the hydrogen evolution on the model SACs. Only M@graphene vacancy systems (excluding Ag and Au) are stable under hydrogen evolution conditions in highly acidic solutions.
Synergistically Enhanced Amplified Spontaneous Emission by Cd Doping and Cl‐Assisted Crystallization
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wen Jialun , Ren Xiaodong , Jin Shengye , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrganic−inorganic hybrid halide perovskite materials have recently been recognized as a promising optical gain medium, and the development of optically pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of perovskite materials with low threshold and high optical gain will be on the only way to go for realizing its commercial perovskite laser. In this work, enhanced‐performance ASE with lower threshold and higher optical gain is obtained in CdCl2 passivated FA0.9MA0.15Cs0.3PbI2.7Br0.3 (FAMACs) polycrystalline films coated with poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer. The ASE threshold of the FAMACs polycrystalline films with CdCl2 is significantly reduced from 18.7 to 7.9 µJ cm−2, with an enhanced ASE output intensity and stability. The improved ASE performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Cd ion doping and Cl‐ion‐assisted crystallization in the FAMACs polycrystalline films, exhibiting remarkably enhanced photoluminescence, a prolonged decay lifetime and a low defect density, and thus leading to easily achieve the population inversion due to the reduction of nonradiative recombination of carriers in the optical gain medium.
Caffeine‐Operated Synthetic Modules for Chemogenetic Control of Protein Activities by Life Style
Authors: Wang Tianlu , He Lian , Jing Ji , Lan Tien‐Hung , Hong Tingting , Wang Fen , Huang Yun , Ma Guolin , Zhou Yubin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA genetically encoded caffeine‐operated synthetic module (COSMO) is introduced herein as a robust chemically induced dimerization (CID) system. COSMO enables chemogenetic manipulation of biological processes by caffeine and its metabolites, as well as caffeinated beverages, including coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks. This CID tool, evolved from an anti‐caffeine nanobody via cell‐based high‐throughput screening, permits caffeine‐inducible gating of calcium channels, tumor killing via necroptosis, growth factors‐independent activation of tyrosine receptor kinase signaling, and enhancement of nanobody‐mediated antigen recognition for the severe acute respiratory distress coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein. Further rationalized engineering of COSMO leads to 34–217‐fold enhancement in caffeine sensitivity (EC50 = 16.9 nanomolar), which makes it among the most potent CID systems like the FK506 binding protein (FKBP)–FKBP rapamycin binding domain (FRB)–rapamycin complex. Furthermore, bivalent COSMO (biCOMSO) connected with a long linker favors intramolecular dimerization and acts as a versatile precision switch when inserted in host proteins to achieve tailored function. Given the modularity and high transferability of COMSO and biCOSMO, these chemical biology tools are anticipated to greatly accelerate the development of therapeutic cells and biologics that can be switched on and off by caffeinated beverages commonly consumed in the daily life.
Porous FeCo Glassy Alloy as Bifunctional Support for High‐Performance Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Pan Fuping , Li Zhao , Yang Zhenzhong , Ma Qing , Wang Maoyu , Wang Han , Olszta Matthew , Wang Guanzhi , Feng Zhenxing , Du Yingge , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Zn‐air battery (ZAB) is attracting increasing attention due to its high safety and preeminent performance. However, the practical application of ZAB relies heavily on developing durable support materials to replace conventional carbon supports which have unrecoverable corrosion issues, severely jeopardizing ZAB performance. Herein, a novel porous FeCo glassy alloy is developed as a bifunctional catalytic support for ZAB. The conducting skeleton of the porous glassy alloy is used to stabilize oxygen reduction cocatalysts, and more importantly, the FeCo serves as the primary phase for oxygen evolution. To demonstrate the concept of catalytic glassy alloy support, ultrasmall Pd nanoparticles are anchored, as oxygen reduction active sites, on the porous FeCo (noted as Pd/FeCo) for ZAB. The Pd/FeCo exhibits a significantly improved electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction (a half‐wave potential of 0.85 V) and oxygen evolution (a potential of 1.55 V to reach 10 mA cm−2) in the alkaline media. When used in the ZAB, the Pd/FeCo delivers an output power density of 117 mW cm−2 and outstanding cycling stability for over 200 h (400 cycles), surpassing the conventional carbon‐supported Pt/C+IrO2 catalysts. Such an integrated design that combines highly active components with a porous architecture provides a new strategy to develop novel nanostructured electrocatalysts.
Fluorinated End Group Enables High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Near‐Infrared Absorption and Enhanced Device Efficiency over 14%
Authors: Yu Han , Qi Zhenyu , Yu Jianwei , Xiao Yiqun , Sun Rui , Luo Zhenghui , Cheung Andy Man Hong , Zhang Jianquan , Sun Huiliang , Zhou Wentao , Chen Shangshang , Guo Xugang , Lu Xinhui , Gao Feng , Min Jie , Yan He 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluorination of end groups has been a great success in developing efficient small molecule acceptors. However, this strategy has not been applied to the development of polymer acceptors. Here, a dihalogenated end group modified by fluorine and bromine atoms simultaneously, namely IC‐FBr, is first developed, then employed to construct a new polymer acceptor (named PYF‐T) for all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). In comparison with its non‐fluorinated counterpart (PY‐T), PYF‐T exhibits stronger and red‐shifted absorption spectra, stronger molecular packing and higher electron mobility. Meanwhile, the fluorination on the end groups down‐shifts the energy levels of PYF‐T, which matches better with the donor polymer PM6, leading to efficient charge transfer and small voltage loss. As a result, an all‐PSC based on PM6:PYF‐T yields a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1% than that of PM6:PY‐T (11.1%), which is among the highest values for all‐PSCs reported to date. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of fluorination of end‐groups in designing high‐performance polymer acceptors, which paves the way toward developing more efficient and stable all‐PSCs.
Nanocatalyst Design for Long‐Term Operation of Proton/Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Jin Haneul , Ruqia Bibi , Park Yeji , Kim Hee Jin , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Choi Sang‐Il , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLong‐term catalyst stability is essential for the commercialization of hydrogen generation by electrocatalytic water‐splitting. Current research, however, mainly focuses on improving electrode activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode of electrolyzers, although the maintenance of long‐term performance poses a bigger challenge. To shift the focus of research to the issue of catalyst stability, this review describes the mechanism of HER/OER catalyst degradation based on catalyst dissolution and agglomeration, and summarizes representative catalyst designs for achieving stable catalysts in long‐term water electrolysis operation. Additionally, various strategies toward the improvement of HER/OER stability are evaluated, and potential effective guidelines for the design of stable catalysts are suggested.
Highly Thermal Conductive Separator with In‐Built Phosphorus Stabilizer for Superior Ni‐Rich Cathode Based Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zuo Lan‐Lan , Ma Qiang , Li Shi‐Cai , Lin Ben‐Cai , Fan Min , Meng Qing‐Hai , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Guo Yu‐Guo , Zeng Xian‐Xiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe movement toward cobalt‐free cathode materials has served as a motivation for increased research in layered nickel‐rich cathodes for next generation metal batteries. Unfortunately, Ni‐rich cathode materials suffer from low capacity retention and poor thermal stability due to phase transition that results in issues such as the oxygen evolution reaction, hindering its extensive implementation. Herein, highly pliable separators with a 3D porous structure are prepared via a facile phase‐inversion method from an inorganic phosphorus‐based flame retardant and a thermally conductive graphene oxide additive. Benefiting from its 3D porous structure, in‐built radical scavenger, and uniform thermal distribution, the obtained separator enables a near‐single Li+ migration ( = 0.8) by blocking large‐size anions, driving the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/Li metal batteries to 188.8 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, and demonstrating a capacity retention of 82.2% versus 41.4% for commercial polyolefin separators after 200 cycles, as well as excellent dendrite‐suppressing capabilities by reducing localized temperature hotspots and enabling sufficient mass transfer. This work also suggests a new alternative pathway for stabilizing reactive electrode materials for other high‐energy battery systems.
Reusable Silica‐Supported Ammonium BINSate Catalysts for Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Friedel–Crafts‐Type Double Aminoalkylation of N‐Alkylpyrroles with Aldimines
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Zhao Xue , Mochizuki Takuya , Maeda Kyogo , Motokura Ken , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSilica‐supported ammonium (R)‐BINSate catalysts for the enantio‐ and diastereoselective Friedel–Crafts‐type double aminoalkylation of N‐benzyl‐ or N‐methylpyrrole with aldimines were developed. The present heterogeneous catalysts showed high catalytic activity compared to our previous homogeneous (R)‐BINSA ammonium catalysts, which were effective for single aminoalkylation. Simple aldimines could be used, and the corresponding pyrrole‐derived chiral C2‐symmetric triamines were obtained in the dl‐form with good to extremely high enantioselectivities. The heterogeneous catalyst could be easily recovered and reused three times without any loss of catalytic activity or enantiocontrol. An XPS analysis supported precise preparation of the catalysts in situ and with good quality after recycling three times. From the perspective of modern green chemistry with fine asymmetric organocatalysis, the development of such chiral strong Brønsted acid catalysts might be useful for both laboratory and industrial applications.
Prehospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest patients in rural areas: a case report of two patients
Authors: Fujita Kensuke , Konn Akihide , Ogura Takayuki , Kon Yuri , Kondo Eiji , Konno Shingo , Nodagashira Tatsuya 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe prognosis of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest remains poor, especially for cardiopulmonary arrest patients in rural areas with longer transport duration to hospitals.Case PresentationIn June 2016, we began providing prehospital extracorporeal life support using a mobile operating room for emergency surgery. We report two patients who survived after receiving prehospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation and were discharged. A patient with cardiopulmonary arrest from accidental hypothermia due to drowning survived with good neurological outcomes after on‐site extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately after rescue. The other patient who survived experienced cardiopulmonary arrest at his workplace, which was approximately 90 min from the center. Prehospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation shortened the cardiopulmonary arrest time by an estimated 30 min, and the patient survived until the hospital.ConclusionPrehospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation has the potential to save lives in rural areas by reducing low‐flow time.
Self‐Resistance in the Biosynthesis of Fungal Macrolides Involving Cycles of Extracellular Oxidative Activation and Intracellular Reductive Inactivation
Authors: Zhang Yalong , Bai Jian , Zhang Le , Zhang Chen , Liu Bingyu , Hu Youcai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelf‐resistance genes are employed by many microbial producers of bioactive natural products to avoid self‐harm. Herein, we describe a unique strategy for self‐resistance toward a macrolide antibiotic, A26771B (1), identified by elucidating its biosynthetic pathway in the fungus Penicillium egyptiacum. A highly reducing polyketide synthase and a trans‐acting thioesterase generate the macrolide backbone, and a cytochrome P450 and an acyltransferase, respectively catalyze hydroxylation and succinylation to form the prodrug berkeleylactone E (2). Then, extracellular oxidative activation by a secreted flavin‐dependent oxidase forms 1, while intracellular reductive inactivation by a short‐chain reductase reforms 2, forming a redox cycle. Our work illustrates a unique redox‐mediated resistance mechanism for fungal antibiotics and contributes to the understanding of antibiotic biosynthesis and resistance.
Peri‐operative management of an adult with tetra‐amelia undergoing major abdominal surgery
Authors: Loughnan A. , Milan Z. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryTetra‐amelia is a rare birth defect characterised by the complete absence of all four limbs. Affected infants are often stillborn or die shortly after birth. There is therefore limited experience in the management of this condition in surviving adults, and published guidelines on peri‐operative and anaesthetic management do not exist. We present a 34‐year‐old woman with tetra‐amelia who underwent an elective distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for a mucinous tumour of the body and tail of the pancreas. The anaesthetic challenges highlighted by this case include difficult intravenous access, unachievable blood pressure monitoring, management of fluid balance status peri‐operatively, effective drug dose titration and temperature management. In the absence of intra‐operative blood pressure monitoring, other modalities were used to monitor haemodynamic and volume status peri‐operatively. As drug dosing guidelines do not exist for this condition and drug pharmacodynamics may be unpredictable, we recommend careful dose titration and bespoke multimodal analgesia, which is best achieved in a high dependency setting.
Association Between Bone Mineral Density and Autoantibodies in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Amkreutz Josephine A. M. P. , de Moel Emma C. , Theander Lisa , Willim Minna , Heimans Lotte , Nilsson Jan‐Åke , Karlsson Magnus K. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Åkesson Kristina E. , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. , Allaart Cornelia F. , Turesson Carl , van der Woude Diane 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveAutoantibodies, such as anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), have been described as inducing bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can also be reflected by bone mineral density (BMD). We therefore examined the association between osteoporosis and autoantibodies in two independent RA cohorts.MethodsDual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and left hip was performed in 408 Dutch patients with early RA during 5 years of follow‐up and in 198 Swedish patients with early RA during 10 years of follow‐up. The longitudinal effect of ACPAs and other autoantibodies on several BMD measures was assessed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsIn the Dutch cohort, significantly lower BMD at baseline was observed in ACPA‐positive patients compared to ACPA‐negative patients, with an estimated marginal mean BMD in the left hip of 0.92 g/cm2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.91–0.93) versus 0.95 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.93–0.97) (P = 0.01). In line with this, significantly lower Z scores at baseline were noted in the ACPA‐positive group compared to the ACPA‐negative group (estimated marginal mean Z score in the left hip of 0.18 [95% CI 0.08–0.29] versus 0.48 [95% CI 0.33–0.63]) (P < 0.01). However, despite clear differences at baseline, ACPA positivity was not associated with greater decrease in absolute BMD or Z scores over time. Furthermore, there was no association between BMD and higher levels of ACPAs or other autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor and anti–carbamylated protein antibodies). In the Swedish cohort, ACPA‐positive patients tended to have a higher prevalence of osteopenia at baseline (P = 0.04), but again, ACPA positivity was not associated with an increased prevalence of osteopenia or osteoporosis over time.ConclusionThe presence of ACPAs is associated with significantly lower BMD at baseline, but not with greater BMD loss over time in treated RA patients. These results suggest that ACPAs alone do not appear to contribute to bone loss after disease onset when disease activity is well‐managed.
Novel Majeed Syndrome–CausingLPIN2Mutations Link Bone Inflammation to Inflammatory M2 Macrophages and Accelerated Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Bhuyan Farzana , de Jesus Adriana A. , Mitchell Jacob , Leikina Evgenia , VanTries Rachel , Herzog Ronit , Onel Karen B. , Oler Andrew , Montealegre Sanchez Gina A. , Johnson Kim A. , Bichell Lena , Marrero Bernadette , De Castro Luis Fernandez , Huang Yan , Calvo Katherine R. , Collins Michael T. , Ganesan Sundar , Chernomordik Leonid V. , Ferguson Polly J. , Goldbach‐Mansky Raphaela 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo identify novel heterozygousLPIN2mutations in a patient with Majeed syndrome and characterize the pathomechanisms that lead to the development of sterile osteomyelitis.MethodsTargeted genetic analysis and functional studies assessing monocyte responses, macrophage differentiation, and osteoclastogenesis were conducted to compare the pathogenesis of Majeed syndrome to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1)–mediated diseases including neonatal‐onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) and deficiency of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist (DIRA).ResultsA 4‐year‐old girl of mixed ethnic background presented with sterile osteomyelitis and elevated acute‐phase reactants. She had a 17.8‐kb deletion on the maternalLPIN2allele and a splice site mutation, p.R517H, that variably spliced out exons 10 and 11 on the paternalLPIN2allele. The patient achieved long‐lasting remission receiving IL‐1 blockade with canakinumab. Compared to controls, monocytes and monocyte‐derived M1‐like macrophages from the patient with Majeed syndrome and those with NOMID or DIRA had elevated caspase 1 activity and IL‐1β secretion. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated, monocyte‐derived, M2‐like macrophages from the patient with Majeed syndrome released higher levels of osteoclastogenic mediators (IL‐8, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor, CCL2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/β, CXCL8, and CXCL1) compared to NOMID patients and healthy controls. Accelerated osteoclastogenesis in the patient with Majeed syndrome was associated with higher NFATc1 levels, enhanced JNK/MAPK, and reduced Src kinase activation, and partially responded to JNK inhibition and IL‐1 (but not IL‐6) blockade.ConclusionWe report 2 novel compound heterozygous disease‐causing mutations inLPIN2in an American patient with Majeed syndrome.LPIN2deficiency drives differentiation of proinflammatory M2‐like macrophages and enhances intrinsic osteoclastogenesis. This provides a model for the pathogenesis of sterile osteomyelitis which differentiates Majeed syndrome from other IL‐1–mediated autoinflammatory diseases.
Topic diversity: A discipline scheme‐free diversity measurement for journals
Authors: Bu Yi , Li Mengyang , Gu Weiye , Huang Win‐bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScientometrics has many citation‐based measurements for characterizing diversity, but most of these measurements depend on human‐designed categories and the granularity of discipline classifications sometimes does not allow in‐depth analysis. As such, the current paper proposes a new measurement for quantifying journals' diversity by utilizing the abstracts of scientific publications in journals, namely topic diversity (TD). Specifically, we apply a topic detection method to extract fine‐grained topics, rather than disciplines, in journals and adapt certain diversity indicators to calculate TD. Since TD only needs as inputs abstracts of publications rather than citing relationships between publications, this measurement has the potential to be widely used in scientometrics.
Tackling modern‐day crises: Why understanding multilevel interconnectivity is vital
Authors: Mazzocchi Fulvio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComplex crises like the coronavirus pandemic are showing us that modern societies are becoming increasingly unable to live in equilibrium with nature. These crises are the result of multiple causes, which interact at different scales and across different domains. Therefore, investigating their proximate causes is not enough to fully understand them. It is also crucial to take into account the structural factors involved. As concerns the global pandemic, I suggest four levels of analysis: (i) the surface or “proximate” level of the crisis; (ii) the human–environment–animal interface, as pointed out by the One Health approach; (iii) the broader socioeconomic context; and (iv) the deeper or worldview level. Furthermore, I argue that there is the need for a mindset shift if we want to properly trace causality. Much more attention must be given to the study of multilevel connecting patterns and nonlinear mechanisms as the producers of emergent global effects.