bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term spatiotemporal relationship between plant and soil properties on natural turfgrass sports fields
Authors: Straw Chase M. , Grubbs Rebecca A. , Henry Gerald M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study was conducted to explore the spatiotemporal relationship between several plant and soil properties on two natural turfgrass sports fields comprised of native and sand‐capped soils before and after irrigation. Minimal differences in strength of relationship and spatical variability among field properties occurred from before to after irrigation at both fields. A number of significant relationships between field properties were observed overall, although significance did not always result in comparable spatial distributions. Additionally, significant relationships on the native soil field were not always significant on the sand‐capped field. Results exemplify that a single, typical irrigation event will not noticeably change the strength of relationship or spatial distribution between field properties. Furthermore, the strength of relationship and its influence on spatial variability between field properties can be site‐specific, and soil type plays an important role in this phenomenon. This information is valuable to conduct precision turfgrass management practices for potential improvement in the uniformity of multiple field properties, and also to aid in efficient subsequent sampling for future spatial map creation.
Incidence of interval colorectal cancer: A tertiary hospital report
Authors: Lai Wan‐Tz , Chiu Shao‐Ming , Wu Cheng‐Kun , Liang Chih‐Ming , Yang Shih‐Cheng , Yao Chih‐Chien , Kuo Chung‐Mou , Lu Lung‐Sheng , Chiu Yi‐Chun , Wu Keng‐Liang , Tai Wei‐Chen , Chuah Seng‐Kee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains the leading cause of death in Taiwan despite mandatory CRC screening programs for early detection. The development of CRC between periods of follow‐up remains a Taiwanese health and economic burden. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between consequent progression of polyps and interval CRC and identify potential risk factors. This retrospective chart review study reviewed 1671 CRC patients between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2018, in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital for interval CRC analysis. Interval CRC is defined as CRC diagnosed within 5 years after a negative colonoscopy. We further analyzed potential risk factors associated with interval CRC such as sex, age, underlying disease, and previous pathologic type of polyps by univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 44 patients developed interval CRC in this study (2.63%). Ten patients were from the proctologist division and five from the gastroenterology department. Mean diagnostic interval was 919.45 ± 547.78 days in male and 897.87 ± 586.14 days in female patients. Multivariate analysis showed that right‐side colon polyp demonstrated independent risk factors for interval CRC development in our observation (P < .001; hazard ratio (HR), 3.897; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.934‐7.780). In conclusion, interval CRC prevalence in a cohort is 2.63%. Location of polyps over the right colon is relevant to interval CRC occurrence.
The effect of diet and sociopolitical change on physiological stress and behavior in lateRoman‐EarlyByzantine (300–700AD) and Islamic (902–1,235AD) populations from Ibiza, Spain
Authors: Osipov Benjamin , Alaica Aleksa K , Pickard Catriona , Garcia‐Donas Julieta G , Márquez‐Grant Nicholas , Kranioti Elena F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated chronological changes in physiological stress and levels of habitual loading of Ibizan populations from the Late Roman–Early Byzantine (LREB) to the Islamic period (300–1,235 AD) using measures of body size and bone cross‐sectional properties to compare Urban LREB, Urban Medieval Islamic, and Rural Medieval Islamic groups. It also explored the effect of diet, modeled using stable isotopes, on physiological stress levels and behavior.Materials and methodsThe sample comprised individuals from three archeological populations: Urban Late Roman‐ Early Byzantine (LREB) (300–700 AD), Medieval Urban Islamic (902–1,235 AD), and Medieval Rural Islamic. Bone lengths, femoral head dimensions, and cross‐sectional properties, diaphyseal products and circumferences, were compared to assess differences in body size and habitual loading in 222 adult individuals. Ordinary least squares regression evaluated the correlations between these measures and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios in 115 individuals for whom both isotope values and osteological measures are available.ResultsThe Medieval Rural Islamic group had shorter stature and reduced lower limb cross‐sectional properties compared to the two urban groups. Limb shape differs between Urban LREB and Urban Medieval Islamic groups. Measures of body size length were positively correlated with δ13C values in all individuals and separately in the Urban LREB and Rural Medieval Islamic groups. δ15N showed a positive correlation with left humerus shape in the Urban LREB sample.ConclusionsThe low stature and cross‐sectional properties of the Medieval Rural Islamic group may be an indicator of greater physiological stress, potentially due to poorer diet. Positive correlations between measures of body size and δ13C values further suggest that greater access to C4resources improved diet quality. Alternatively, this relationship could indicate greater body size among migrants from areas where individuals consumed more C4resources.
Consular diplomacy's first challenge: Communicating assistance to nationals abroad
Authors: Melissen Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the first hurdle for consular diplomacy in the digital age: the communicative challenge. Providing information and assistance to nationals abroad is a major challenge, and governments are well advised to go about this activity in a more citizen‐centric fashion. It is therefore important for ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs) and their consular divisions to acquire a deeper understanding of their nationals' communicative behaviour. Creativity from a new generation of tech‐savvy diplomats is going a long way in applying digital tools to consular challenges, but greater control across communication channels, and therefore management capacity, is required. Getting through to citizens in a fragmented communication environment in the 2020s implies the strategic coordination of various forms of offline and online communication. Framing consular services in market terms and identifying citizens as customers would, however, go against the MFAs' own interests. Governments would do well to view consular assistance as part of their growing diplomatic engagement with domestic society. Analysis of consular policy and practice also suggests that there are good reasons for MFAs to articulate existing links between consular assistance and wider foreign and security policy, rather than seeing ‘consular’ as a self‐contained activity.
Large‐scale asymmetry between clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies revisited
Authors: Shamir Lior 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ability of digital sky surveys to collect and store very large amounts of data provides completely new ways to study the local universe. Perhaps one of the most provocative observations reported with such tools is the asymmetry between galaxies with clockwise and counterclockwise spin patterns. Here, I use ∼1.7 × 105 spiral galaxies from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and sort them by their spin patterns (clockwise or counterclockwise) to identify and profile a possible large‐scale pattern of the distribution of galaxy spin patterns as observed from Earth. The analysis shows asymmetry between the number of clockwise and counterclockwise spiral galaxies imaged by SDSS and a dipole axis. These findings largely agree with previous reports using smaller datasets. The probability of the differences between the number of galaxies occurring by chance is p < 4 × 10−9, and the probability of an asymmetry axis occurring by mere chance is p < 1.4×10−5.
Heritable Epigenetic Changes Alter Transgenerational Waveforms Maintained by Cycling Stores of Information
Authors: Jose Antony M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur view of heredity can potentially be distorted by the ease of introducing heritable changes in the replicating gene sequences but not in the cycling assembly of regulators around gene sequences. Here, key experiments that have informed the understanding of heredity are reinterpreted to highlight this distortion and the possible variety of heritable changes are considered. Unlike heritable genetic changes, which are always associated with mutations in gene sequence, heritable epigenetic changes can be associated with physical or chemical changes in molecules or only changes in the system. The transmission of cycling stores along the continuous lineage of cells that connects successive generations creates waves of activity and localization of the molecules that together form the cell code for development in each generation. As a result, heritable epigenetic changes can include any that can alter a wave such as changes in form, midline, frequency, amplitude, or phase. Testing this integrated view of all heritable information will require the concerted application of multiple experimental approaches across generations.
How spatial accessibility to colonoscopy affects diagnostic adherences and adverse intestinal outcomes among the patients with positive preliminary screening findings
Authors: Chen Weiyi , Zhang WangJian , Liu Huazhang , Liang Yingru , Zhou Qin , Li Yan , Gu Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundColonoscopy is an important procedure for early colorectal cancer (CRC) detection, however, patients with positive preliminary screening results in China may not seek for colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis. We evaluated the spatial accessibility of colonoscopy among the residents with positive preliminary screening results in Guangzhou, China, and investigated how colonoscopy accessibility was associated with the population adherence and adverse intestinal outcomes.MethodsThis study was based on the Guangzhou community‐based CRC screening program. Spatial accessibility was measured using three metrics including travel time from home to nearest colonoscopy hospital, physician‐to‐population ratio (PPR) and accessibility indicator estimated with enhanced two‐step floating catchment area method (E2SFCA). We used Cox regression and logistic regression to assess the association of colonoscopy accessibility with population adherence and adverse intestinal outcomes, respectively.ResultsA total of 34 606 people were identified with positive preliminary screening findings. Central areas were reported with higher E2SFCA scores, higher PPR and less travel time. The model adjusting for potential individual level confounders found that PPR > 50 (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.88, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.79‐1.97) and higher scores of E2SFCA (HR = 3.78, 95% CI: 2.07‐6.92) were associated with increased adherence, although estimates were not significant in the model adjusting for both individual and district‐level confounders. For adverse intestinal outcomes, the final multilevel logistic model suggested a lower risk of intestinal lesions among the residents in areas with PPR > 50 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.24‐0.99) and higher scores of E2SFCA (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05‐0.82).ConclusionSignificant inequality of colonoscopy accessibility was observed across Guangzhou. The increased incidence of intestinal lesions was associated with spatial inequalities of medical resources. Policies against the spatial inequality in medical resources should be developed.
How many chronic myeloid leukemia patients who started a frontline second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor have to switch to a second‐line treatment? A retrospective analysis from the monitoring registries of the italian medicines agency (AIFA)
Authors: Breccia Massimo , Olimpieri Pier Paolo , Olimpieri Odoardo , Pane Fabrizio , Iurlo Alessandra , Foggi Paolo , Cirilli Alessia , Colatrella Antonietta , Cuomo Marcello , Gozzo Lucia , Summa Valentina , Corradini Paolo , Russo Pierluigi ,   the AIFA’s Monitoring Registries Group
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe frequency of patients who switch to a second‐line therapy from a frontline second‐generation (2gen) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) such as dasatinib and nilotinib, is still substantially unknown. We retrospectively investigated a large series of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP‐CML) patients initially treated with 2gen TKIs monitored through the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA Agenzia Italiana del farmaco) registries. Overall, 2420 patients were analyzed over a period of 6 years. One hundred and fifty‐seven patients (16.3%) treated with dasatinib and 164 treated with nilotinib (11.3%) have switched to another drug, with an overall frequency of 13.2%. In the dasatinib cohort, 39.4% of patients changed treatment for failure and 36.3% for intolerance as compared to 45.7% and 27.4% respectively in the nilotinib cohort. Overall, the median time to switch due to resistance was 293 days, whereas it was 317 days in case of intolerance. Resistance was observed mainly in younger male patients with high‐risk features, while intolerance was not related to any baseline parameter. After resistance/intolerance to nilotinib, the majority of patients switched to dasatinib (53.8%) whereas in case of frontline dasatinib to ponatinib (43.2%). To the best of our knowledge these data provide the first report on the frequency of discontinuation of frontline 2gen TKIs and on the main causes and pattern of choice to a second‐line therapy in the real‐life setting.
Simultaneous bifocal and asymptomatic intramuscular nodular fasciitis of the thigh: A case report
Authors: Sukpanichyingyong Sermsak , Matsumoto Seiichi , Ae Keisuke , Tanizawa Taisuke , Hayakawa Keiko , Funauchi Yuki , Minami Yusuke , Saito Masanori , Yamashita Kyoko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNodular fasciitis (NF) is a rapid‐growth benign that is misdiagnosed as sarcoma and leads to overtreatment. The spontaneous regression of NF is a possible phenomenon. “Wait and see” ideal is one of the treatment strategies of NF.
Pregnancy with diaphragmatic and stomach rupture: Lessons from a case report
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Aghsaeifard Ziba , Marzban‐rad Zahra , Marzban‐rad Saied 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis report presents a case of diaphragmatic and stomach rupture in a 30‐week pregnant woman. Timely diagnosis and management of the rupture is important to reduce systemic complications and effects on the mother and fetus. Symptoms and signs should be clearly studied to prevent misdiagnosis and delay in the treatment.
Electrocatalysts Based on Transition Metal Borides and Borates for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cui Liang , Zhang Wenxiu , Zheng Rongkun , Liu Jingquan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is a clean and sustainable process for hydrogen production on a large scale as the electrical power required can be obtained from various renewable energy resources. The key challenge in electrochemical water splitting process is to develop low‐cost electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the cathode and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the anode. OER is the most important half‐reaction involved in water splitting, which has been extensively studied since the last century and a large amount of electrocatalysts including noble and non‐noble metal‐based materials have been developed. Among them, transition metal borides and borates (TMBs)‐based compounds with various structures have attracted increasing attention owing to their excellent OER performance. In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to exploring the OER mechanism of TMBs and to improving the OER activity and stability of TMBs. In this review, recent research progress made in TMBs as efficient electrocatalysts for OER is summarized. The chemical properties, synthetic methodologies, catalytic performance evaluation, and improvement strategy of TMBs as OER electrocatalysts are discussed. The electrochemistry fundamentals of OER are first introduced in brief, followed by a summary of the preparation and performance of TMBs‐based OER electrocatalysts. Finally, current challenges and future directions for TMBs‐based OER electrocatalysts are discussed.
Impact of prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging on biopsy and radical prostatectomy grade concordance
Authors: Shoag Jonathan E. , Cai Peter Y. , Gross Michael D. , Gaffney Christopher , Li Dongze , Mao Jialin , Nowels Molly , Scherr Douglas S. , Sedrakyan Art , Hu Jim C. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAdoption of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before biopsy is based on evidence demonstrating superior detection of clinically significant prostate cancer on biopsy. Whether this is due to the detection of otherwise occult higher grade cancers or preferential sampling of higher grade areas within an otherwise low‐grade cancer is unknown.MethodsTo distinguish these two possibilities, this study examined the effect of prebiopsy MRI on the rate of pathologic upgrading and downgrading at prostatectomy in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked data from 2010 to 2015. Logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of MRI use on the Gleason grade change between biopsy and prostatectomy.ResultsAmong biopsy‐naive men, those who underwent prebiopsy MRI had higher odds of downgrading at prostatectomy (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05‐1.66). In contrast, the odds of upgrading were significantly lower for men who underwent prebiopsy MRI (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61‐0.99). Limitations included a low overall rate of MRI‐utilization prior to biopsy and an inability to distinguish between template, software‐assisted and cognitive fusion biopsy.ConclusionsPrebiopsy MRI is associated with both oversampling of higher grade areas, which results in downgrading at prostatectomy, and the detection of otherwise occult higher grade lesions, which results in less upgrading at prostatectomy.
Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID‐19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Verscheijden Laurens F. M. , van der Zanden Tjitske M. , van Bussel Lianne P. M. , de Hoop‐Sommen Marika , Russel Frans G. M. , Johnson Trevor N. , de Wildt Saskia N. 
Published: April 2020

As chloroquine (CHQ) is part of the Dutch Centre for Infectious Disease Control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) experimental treatment guideline, pediatric dosing guidelines are needed. Recent pediatric data suggest that existing World Health Organization (WHO) dosing guidelines for children with malaria are suboptimal. The aim of our study was to establish best‐evidence to inform pediatric CHQ doses for children infected with COVID‐19. A previously developed physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for CHQ was used to simulate exposure in adults and children and verified against published pharmacokinetic data. The COVID‐19 recommended adult dosage regimen of 44 mg/kg total was tested in adults and children to evaluate the extent of variation in exposure. Based on differences in area under the concentration‐time curve from zero to 70 hours (AUC0–70h) the optimal CHQ dose was determined in children of different ages compared with adults. Revised doses were re‐introduced into the model to verify that overall CHQ exposure in each age band was within 5% of the predicted adult value. Simulations showed differences in drug exposure in children of different ages and adults when the same body‐weight based dose is given. As such, we propose the following total cumulative doses: 35 mg/kg (CHQ base) for children 0–1 month, 47 mg/kg for 1–6 months, 55 mg/kg for 6 months–12 years, and 44 mg/kg for adolescents and adults, not to exceed 3,300 mg in any patient. Our study supports age‐adjusted CHQ dosing in children with COVID‐19 in order to avoid suboptimal or toxic doses. The knowledge‐driven, model‐informed dose selection paradigm can serve as a science‐based alternative to recommend pediatric dosing when pediatric clinical trial data is absent.
Cumulative meta‐analysis identifies declining but negative impacts of invasive species on richness after 20 yr
Authors: Crystal‐Ornelas Robert , Lockwood Julie L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA principal impact of invasive species is that they reduce local species richness. However, it is unknown whether the magnitude of the richness decrease has been consistent over the past two decades of published research. We used cumulative meta‐analysis to synthesize evidence from 240 articles evaluating whether this cumulative evidence base generally supports, or refutes, the association between invasive species presence and richness declines. First, we determined whether evidence accumulation lowered the mean effect size of invasive species on local native richness through time; termed the “decline effect.” Then, as mean effect sizes changed over time, we identified when accumulated evidence reached sufficiency, indicating that the mean effect direction (positive or negative) was unlikely to be reversed by unpublished research. We also assessed whether the mean effect size reached a threshold of stability over publication years. To date, no research has tested mechanisms of the decline effect, and here we determine whether publication bias, sample size, time since invasion, or invader trophic position are driving a decline effect in the published evidence base. We found a clear decline in the cumulative mean effect of invasive species on local native species richness as published evidence accumulated between 1999 and 2016. Despite this decline, an average negative association was stable and sufficiently robust to unpublished studies by 2007, showing a 21% mean richness decrease by 2016. Contrary to our expectation, the decline effect manifested consistently regardless of invasive species trophic position, time since invasion, or journal rank. Within taxonomic subgroups, trees, insects, and herbaceous plants exhibit a decline effect, yet still show sufficient and stable negative impacts on richness. However, many other taxonomic subgroups (e.g., crustaceans, fish, mammals) lack evidence for average negative impacts on richness, or have not met sufficiency or stability thresholds.