bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Analysis of Deformation Mechanics of Constrained Cutting Toward Enhanced Material Removal
Authors: Guo Yang , Chen Jisheng , Saleh Amr 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chip formation in conventional cutting occurs by deformation that is only partially bounded by the cutting tool. The unconstrained free surface makes it difficult to determine and to control the deformation of chip formation. The constrained cutting employs a constraining tool in the cutting process to confine the otherwise free surface and enable direct control of the chip formation deformation. The presented work is a study of the deformation mechanics of plane strain constrained cutting using high-speed imaging and digital image correlation (DIC) methods. For different constrained levels (including unconstrained free cutting), the material flow of chip formation is directly observed; the strain rate and strain in the chip as well as the subsurface region are quantified; cutting forces are measured; and surface finish is examined. The study shows that chip formation in constrained cutting can occur in two different deformation modes, i.e., simple shear and complex extrusion, depending on the constrained level. Constrained cutting in the simple shear regime can reduce strain, reduce cutting force and energy, and improve surface finish compared to free cutting; therefore, it is more efficient for material removal than free cutting. Constrained cutting in the extrusion regime imposes a high resistance to the chip flow and causes a significant amount of subsurface deformation, and therefore is not suitable for material removal. Furthermore, the mechanics of chip formation in both free cutting and constrained cutting, especially the roles played by the free surface and the constraining tool, are discussed.
Active Chatter Suppression in Turning by Simultaneous Adjustment of Amplitude and Frequency of Spindle Speed Variation
Authors: Ding Longyang , Sun Yuxin , Xiong Zhenhua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In machining processes, chatter suppression is very important for achieving a high material removal rate, good dimensional accuracy, and surface finish. With the merits of effectiveness and easy implementation, spindle speed variation (SSV) is regarded as a promising approach for chatter suppression. However, there is little research on the selection of SSV parameters for adaptive chatter suppression. Although the effectiveness of adaptively adjusting SSV amplitudes has been recently examined, the simultaneous adjustment of the SSV amplitude and frequency is expected to exhibit stronger adaptability since it achieves greater flexibility. In this paper, an active chatter suppression strategy is presented by simultaneously adjusting the amplitude and frequency of spindle speed variation. The effect of SSV parameters on stability improvement in turning processes including the tool wear is first investigated to demonstrate the necessity of simultaneously adjusting the amplitude and frequency for chatter suppression. Then, the proposed chatter suppression system is introduced, where two SSV parameters are simultaneously adjusted with optimal fractional-order proportional integral differential (FOPID) controllers to keep the chatter indicator close to a target value. Moreover, the FOPID controller is optimally tuned with the JADE algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing simulated results of different SSV parameters adjusting strategies. Finally, machining tests are conducted to validate that the proposed chatter suppression method outperforms the existing SSV method in flexibility and effectiveness.
Free and Forced Oscillations of Magnetic Liquids Under Low-Gravity Conditions
Authors: Romero-Calvo Álvaro , Cano Gómez Gabriel , Castro-Hernández Elena , Maggi Filippo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe sloshing of liquids in microgravity is a relevant problem of applied mechanics with important implications for spacecraft design. A magnetic settling force may be used to avoid the highly non-linear dynamics that characterize these systems. However, this approach is still largely unexplored. This paper presents a quasi-analytical low-gravity sloshing model for magnetic liquids under the action of external inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The problems of free and forced oscillations are solved for axisymmetric geometries and loads by employing a linearized formulation. The model may be of particular interest for the development of magnetic sloshing damping devices in space, whose behavior can be easily predicted and quantified with standard mechanical analogies.
A New Elastic Theory of Nanocomposites With Incoherent Interface Effect Based on Interface Energy Density
Authors: Yao Yin , Peng Zhilong , Li Jianjun , Chen Shaohua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A continuum theory of elasticity based on the concept of interface free energy density is proposed to account for the effect of incoherent interfaces in nano-phase reinforced composites. With the help of the lattice model, the corresponding interface energy density is formulated in terms of the surface free energy densities of two bulk materials forming interfaces, the lattice relaxation parameters due to the spontaneous surface relaxation and lattice misfit parameters yielded by interface incoherency, while the stress jump at interfaces is formulated with an interface-induced traction as a function of interface free energy density. Compared with existing theories, the interface elastic constants difficult to determine are no longer introduced, and all the parameters involved in the present theory have definite physical meanings and can be easily determined. The coupling effects of characteristic size and interface structure in nanoparticle-reinforced composites are further analyzed with the present theory. It is found that both the decrease of nanoparticle size and the increase of interface incoherence will lead to the decrease of interface fracture toughness and increase of effective bulk and shear moduli of nanocomposites. All these results predicted by the present theory are consistent well with those obtained by previous experiments and computations, which further indicate that the present theory can effectively predict the mechanical properties of nanomaterials with complex interfaces, such as nano-phase reinforced composites and nano-scale metal multilayer composites.
An Experimental Investigation on the Wear of Lubricated Steel Against PEEK Gears
Authors: Yu Guoda , Liu Huaiju , Mao Ken , Zhu Caichao , Wei Peitang , Lu Zehua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The application of polymer gears in power transmission has been considered recently due to their advantages over metal gears, e.g., lighter weights and lower costs. Much further research work needs to be carried out to understand their wear mechanisms and to establish their design methods. This paper aims to investigate the wear and failure behavior of the poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) gear against the steel gear under oil jet lubrication through the durability test with the standard FZG test rig. The service life and wear loss of PEEK gears were experimentally recorded under different moderate loading conditions ranging from the output torque of 10–20 Nm with a fixed input rotational speed of 1000 rpm. Moreover, the tooth surface morphologies and the wear loss of PEEK gears under different running stages were investigated. The experimental measurements reveal that there is a critical load magnitude for the transition of wear performance. With a load above 15 Nm, the PEEK gear wear rate increases rapidly, leading to a quick breakage failure, whereas the gear wear rate with a torque below 15 Nm is much lower. All tested PEEK gears finally failed with a pitting-induced tooth breakage mode under moderate loading conditions.
A Reconstruction and Contact Analysis Method of Three-Dimensional Rough Surface Based on Ellipsoidal Asperity
Authors: Wen Yuqin , Tang Jinyuan , Zhou Wei , Li Lin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The 3D rough surface modeling and contact analysis is a difficult problem in the study of rough surface contact. In this paper, a new method for reconstruction and contact analysis of asperities on 3D rough surfaces is proposed based on real rough surfaces. Watershed algorithm is used to segment and determine the area of asperities on the rough surface. According to the principle of minimum mean square error, ellipsoid fitting is carried out on asperities. Based on the elastic-plastic contact model of a single ellipsoidal asperity, a stable and efficient method for 3D rough surface contact analysis and calculation is proposed. Compared with existing calculating methods, the present method has the following characteristics: (1) the constructed surface asperity is closer to the real asperity in contact, and the calculation of asperity parameters has better stability under different sampling intervals and (2) the contact pressure, contact area, and other contact parameters of the 3D rough surface are calculated with high accuracy and efficiency, and the calculation convergence is desirable. The reconstruction and contact analysis method of the 3D rough surface asperity proposed in this paper provides a more accurate reconstruction and calculation method for the study of contact fatigue life and wear failure of rough surfaces.
Research on Curved Layer Fused Deposition Modeling With a Variable Extruded Filament
Authors: Zhao Donghua , Guo Weizhong , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The process of layered additive manufacturing (AM) limits manufactured parts, which leads to the stair-step error, support structures and the anisotropy. Curved layer fused deposition modeling (CLFDM) has been proposed by researchers to alleviate these problems. However, to the best of our knowledge, available CLFDM mainly focuses on filling with the uniform extruded filament in the same layer. While intricate parts usually possess small and critical features, as well as manufacturing error and assembling error. Geometry accuracy and mechanical property of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parts are closely related to interlayer and interroad bonding. Therefore, inspired by nonuniform layers of the onion, this paper pays attention to CLFDM with variable extruded filament (VEF) in the layer and between adjacent layers innovatively, whereby the direction and the dimension of the extruded filament are variable. The literature review of slicing and path planning is given first to make readers better understand the current status and the research gap to highlight the innovation of this paper. Then, flat layer FDM and CLFDM with VEF are modeled, respectively, from the aspect of interlayer and interroad bonding. After that, the relationships among key process parameters are analyzed. Finally, the simulation is provided to verify the effectiveness and advantages of our method from a theoretical point of view. Generally, this research can be a foundation for CLFDM with VEF, and the preliminary research has shown broad applications.
Is there an association between metabolic syndrome and rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? A systematic review
Authors: Burne Graham , Mansfield Michael , Gaida Jamie E , Lewis Jeremy S 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesRotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is a common upper limb complaint. It has been suggested that this condition is more common among people with cardiometabolic risk factors. This systematic review has synthesised evidence from case–control, cross-sectional and cohort studies on the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and RCRSP.Design and data sourcesFive medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and AMED) and reference checking methods were used to identify all relevant English articles that considered MetS and RCRSP. Studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Two reviewers performed critical appraisal and data extraction. Narrative synthesis was performed via content analysis of statistically significant associations.ResultsThree cross-sectional, two case–control and one cohort study met the inclusion criteria, providing a total of 1187 individuals with RCRSP. Heterogeneity in methodology and RCRSP or MetS definition precluded a meaningful meta-analysis. Four of the included studies identified associations between the prevalence of MetS and RCRSP. Studies consistently identified independent cardiometabolic risk factors associated with RCRSP. All studies were level III evidence.Summary and conclusionThe low-moderate quality evidence included in this review suggests an association between MetS and RCRSP. Most studies demonstrated moderate quality on appraisal. The direction of association and cardiometabolic factors influencing should be investigated by longitudinal and treatment studies. These preliminary conclusions and clinical utility should be treated with caution due to limitations of the evidence base.
Causes of double-negative T-cell lymphocytosis in children and adults
Authors: Liapis Konstantinos , Tsagarakis Nikolaos J , Panitsas Fotis , Taparkou Anna , Liapis Ioannis , Roubakis Christophoros , Tsokanas Dimitris , Vasileiou Paraskevi , Grigoriou Eirini , Kakiopoulos Georgios , Psarra Katerina , Farmaki Evangelia , Paterakis George 
Published: December 2019

AimsThe causes and diagnosis of ‘double-negative’ (CD3+CD4−CD8−) T-cell lymphocytosis are not well studied. We aimed to define the causes of double-negative T-cell lymphocytosis in children and adults, and to identify simple clinical and laboratory features that would help to differentiate between the underlying conditions.MethodsWe collected clinical and laboratory data on 10 children and 30 adults with significantly increased peripheral-blood double-negative T-cells (>10% of total lymphocytes). We identified conditions associated with double-negative T-lymphocytosis with flow cytometry, peripheral-blood morphology and T-cell receptor-gene rearrangement studies. Patients were assigned to diagnostic categories on the basis of these test results.Results and conclusionsThe causes of double-negative T-cell lymphocytosis in children were autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and reactive γ/δ Τ-lymphocytosis. T-cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukaemia, reactive γ/δ T-lymphocytosis and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) were the the most common disorders underlying double-negative T-cell lymphocytosis in adults. Less common causes included hypereosinophilic syndrome, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, ALPS and monoclonal, double-negative T-lymphocytosis of uncertain significance. CD5/CD7/Vδ2 expression and absolute double-negative lymphocyte count (<1.8×109/L) were useful discriminators for distinguishing patients with reactive γ/δ T-lymphocytosis from those with γ/δ lymphoproliferative disorders. Differentiating between γ/δ T-LGL and HSTL can be difficult. Expression of CD57 and cellular morphology (pale cytoplasm with distinct granules) would support a diagnosis of γ/δ T-LGL.
Responsiveness of pain, functional capacity tests, and disability level in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain
Authors: Sakulsriprasert Prasert , Vachalathiti Roongtiwa , Kingcha Pathaimas 
Published: December 2019

Background: Clinical outcomes are very important in clinical assessment, and responsiveness is a component inside the outcome measures that needs to be investigated, particularly in chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). Objective: This study aimed to investigate the responsiveness of pain, functional capacity tests, and disability in individuals with CNSLBP. Methods: Twenty subjects were assessed in pain using the following methods: visual analog scale (VAS) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), functional capacity tests: functional reach test (FRT), five-time sit-to-stand test (5 TSST), and two-minute step test (2 MST), and disability level: modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ), Thai version before and after 2-week intervention session. For interventions, the subjects received education, spinal manipulative therapy, and individual therapeutic exercise twice a week, for a total of two weeks. The statistics analyzed were change scores, effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM). Results: The most responsive parameter for individuals with CNSLBP was pain as measured by numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) (ES [Formula: see text]0.986, SRM [Formula: see text]0.928) and five-time sit-to-stand test (5 TSST) (SRM [Formula: see text]0.846). Conclusion: This study found that NPRS pain and 5 TSST were responsive in individuals with CNSLBP at two weeks after the beginning of interventions.
Post-Archean granitic rocks: contrasting petrogenetic processes and tectonic environments
Authors: Janoušek Vojtěch , Bonin Bernard , Collins William J. , Farina Federico , Bowden Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Granitic rocks represent a ubiquitous component of upper continental crust but their origin remains highly controversial. This controversy stems from the fact that the granites may result from fractionation of mantle-derived basaltic magmas or partial melting of different crustal protoliths at contrasting pressure–temperature conditions, either water-fluxed or fluid-absent. Consequently, many different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the compositional variability of granites ranging from whole igneous suites down to mineral scale. This Special Publication presents an overview of the state of the art and envisages future avenues towards a better understanding of granite petrogenesis.
Relationship of a thinned medial layer to the attenuated contractile response in atherosclerotic coronary arteries
Authors: Nakamura Takamitsu , Horikoshi Takeo , Kugiyama Kiyotaka 
Published: December 2019

Coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerosis do not necessarily have greater contractile responses than those with early atherosclerosis. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between thickness of the medial layer and the contractile response to acetylcholine (ACh) in coronary artery using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The OCT and the vasomotor response to ACh in the left anterior descending coronary artery were assessed in 32 patients with previous myocardial infarction. The intimal and medial layer areas were measured by planimetric analysis of the OCT images. The coronary contractile response to ACh had a positive linear relationship with medial area ( r = 0.61, P < 0.001). In contrast, the relationship between the coronary contractile response to ACh and intimal area was described by an inverted U-shaped curve that was fitted to a quadratic regression model ( R2 = 0.35, P = 0.002, y-axis, contraction; x-axis, intimal area). The contractile response increased as the intimal layer thickened up to the inflection point; thereafter, the contractile response declined. The relationship between medial area and intimal area was also described by an inverted U-shaped curve that was fitted to a quadratic regression model ( R2 = 0.41, P < 0.01, y-axis, medial area; x-axis, intimal area). The medial area increased as the intimal area thickened up to the inflection point; thereafter, the medial area thinned. In conclusion, the thinned medial layer was associated with the attenuated contractile response in a coronary artery with greater atherosclerosis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first clinical study to show the relationship between the contractile response and the thickness of medial smooth muscle layer in coronary artery of patients with previous myocardial infarction using OCT. The contractile response to acetylcholine was attenuated, and medial layer area was thinned in coronary artery with greater atherosclerosis compared with those in coronary artery with mild or moderate atherosclerosis. The coronary contractile response was positively correlated with thickness of the medial layer in coronary arteries with either mild or greater atherosclerosis. Thus, coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerosis do not necessarily have greater contractile responses than those with early atherosclerosis, which could be related to the thinned medial layer.
Antenatal sildenafil citrate treatment increases offspring blood pressure in the placental-specificIgf2knockout mouse model of FGR
Authors: Renshall L. J. , Cottrell E. C. , Cowley E. , Sibley C. P. , Baker P. N. , Thorstensen E. B. , Greenwood S. L. , Wareing M. , Dilworth M. R. 
Published: December 2019

Fetal growth restriction (FGR), where a fetus fails to reach its genetic growth potential, affects up to 8% of pregnancies and is a major risk factor for stillbirth and adulthood morbidity. There are currently no treatments for FGR, but candidate therapies include the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil citrate (SC). Randomized clinical trials in women demonstrated no effect of SC on fetal growth in cases of severe early onset FGR; however, long-term health outcomes on the offspring are unknown. This study aimed to assess the effect of antenatal SC treatment on metabolic and cardiovascular health in offspring by assessing postnatal weight gain, glucose tolerance, systolic blood pressure, and resistance artery function in a mouse model of FGR, the placental-specific insulin-like growth factor 2 (PO) knockout mouse. SC was administered subcutaneously (10 mg/kg) daily from embryonic day (E)12.5. Antenatal SC treatment did not alter fetal weight or viability but increased postnatal weight gain in wild-type (WT) female offspring ( P < 0.05) and reduced glucose sensitivity in both WT ( P < 0.01) and P0 ( P < 0.05) female offspring compared with controls. Antenatal SC treatment increased systolic blood pressure in both male (WT vs. WT-SC: 117 ± 2 vs. 140 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.0001; P0 vs. P0-SC: 113 ± 3 vs. 140 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.0001; means ± SE) and female (WT vs. WT-SC: 121 ± 2 vs. 140 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.0001; P0 vs. P0-SC: 117 ± 2 vs. 144 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.0001) offspring at 8 and 13 wk of age. Increased systolic blood pressure was not attributed to altered mesenteric artery function. In utero exposure to SC may result in metabolic dysfunction and elevated blood pressure in later life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sildenafil citrate (SC) is currently used to treat fetal growth restriction (FGR). We demonstrate that SC is ineffective at treating FGR, and leads to a substantial increase systolic blood pressure and alterations in glucose homeostasis in offspring. We therefore urge caution and suggest that further studies are required to assess the safety and efficacy of SC in utero, in addition to the implications on long-term health.