bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
India and Paris
Authors: Mathur Ajay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The universal provision of adequate and affordable energy to all is a major political objective in India, and the climate change agenda has therefore focused on ways and means to facilitate low/zero carbon-based energy options. Between 2012 and 2015, domestic technological and institutional initiatives enabled a rapid decline in the prices of light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs and solar electricity, and an associated increase in their market penetration. This experience, along with the ongoing climate change discussions, created opportunities to address climate concerns while focusing on national energy development challenges. It opened the door for India, in the run-up to Paris, to recognize that the pledge-and-enhance approach could be integrated within the domestic energy agenda. This led to India’s proactive stance in the development of the Paris Agreement as well as the launch of the International Solar Alliance, and an expansion of its traditional G77 role into its new G20 role.
State Climate Change Planning
Authors: Gogoi Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In 2009, India began one of the world’s largest exercises in sub-national planning for climate change, with the launch of the State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) preparation process. How have the SAPCCs fared over the last 10 years and what does this say about the potential and challenges of state climate change planning? This chapter explores the evolving concept of state climate change planning in India, and whether and how implementation of SAPCCs has occurred and the challenges surrounding it. It uses examples from six states (Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Odisha) to draw out trends in terms of not only the status of SAPCC implementation but also evidence of wider mainstreaming of adaptation within development planning. The experience of these states suggest that state climate change planning is motivated and influenced by different and varied local factors, particularly governance-related challenges.
Managing the Climate Technology Transition
Authors: Sagar Ambuj 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
For India and other developing countries, the use of technology to address mitigation and adaptation challenges involves managing rapid technological change with limited financial, technical, and institutional capabilities. A successful transformation would involve the improvement of domestic capacity to absorb new technology, the creation of conditions for their incremental improvement, and the creation of an institutional environment that allows for innovation and further deployment. India’s climate goals have focused on renewable deployment and energy efficiency, which are sectors that could yield significant technological transformation. These mitigation actions are supported by a wide array of policies that have led to successful uptake and diffusion. This has not, however, created a successful industrial base or environment for innovation. To extract maximum benefit from the pursuit of climate goals, policy must align technology adoption with broader development goals.
Onset of regular cannabis use and young adult insomnia: an analysis of shared genetic liability
Authors: Winiger Evan A , Huggett Spencer B , Hatoum Alexander S , Friedman Naomi P , Drake Christopher L , Wright Kenneth P , Hewitt John K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Estimate the genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between onset of regular cannabis use and young adult insomnia.

Methods
In a population-based twin cohort of 1882 twins (56% female, mean age = 22.99, SD = 2.97) we explored the genetic/environmental etiology of the relationship between onset of regular cannabis use and insomnia-related outcomes via multivariate twin models.

Results
Controlling for sex, current depression symptoms, and prior diagnosis of an anxiety or depression disorder, adult twins who reported early onset for regular cannabis use (age 17 or younger) were more likely to have insomnia (β = 0.07, p = 0.024) and insomnia with short sleep on weekdays (β = 0.08, p = 0.003) as young adults. We found significant genetic contributions for the onset of regular cannabis use (a2 = 76%, p &lt; 0.001), insomnia (a2 = 44%, p &lt; 0.001), and insomnia with short sleep on weekdays (a2 = 37%, p &lt; 0.001). We found significant genetic correlations between onset of regular use and both insomnia (rA = 0.20, p = 0.047) and insomnia with short sleep on weekdays (rA = 0.25, p = 0.008) but no significant environmental associations between these traits.

Conclusions
We found common genetic liabilities for early onset of regular cannabis use and insomnia, implying pleiotropic influences of genes on both traits.
Economic Transformation in Africa from the Bottom Up: New Evidence from Tanzania
Authors: Diao Xinshen , Kweka Josaphat , McMillan Margaret , Qureshi Zara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTanzania's rapid labor productivity growth has been accompanied by a proliferation of small, largely informal firms. Using Tanzania's first nationally representative survey of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs)—this paper explores the nature of these businesses. It finds that these firms are located in both rural and urban areas and that they operate primarily in trade services and manufacturing. Roughly half of all business owners say they would not leave their job for a full-time salaried position. Fifteen percent of these small businesses contribute significantly to economy-wide labor productivity. The most important policy implication of the evidence presented in this paper is that if the goal is to grow MSMEs with the potential to contribute to productive employment, policies must be targeted at the most promising firms.
Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia)
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Pape Thomas , Zhang Dong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe first phylogenetic study of Portschinskia is presented based on 42 adult morphological characters scored for all 11 species, including four new species Portschinskia burmensis sp. nov., Portschinskia sichuanensis sp. nov., Portschinskia xizangensis sp. nov. and Portschinskia yunnanensis sp. nov.Portschinskia luliangensis is established as a junior synonym of Portschinskia magnifica. Monophyly of Portschinskia is strongly supported by nine non-homoplasious synapomorphies. All cladograms resolve P. yunnanensis as a basal taxon and a well-resolved Portschinskia gigas clade {P. gigas + ((Portschinskia bombiformis + (P. burmensis + (P. magnifica + P. xizangensis))) + (Portschinskia himalayana + (Portschinskia przewalskyi + P. sichuanensis)))}. The only topological difference is Portschinskia loewii and Portschinskia neugebaueri either being sister taxa or branching off successively at the base of the P. gigas clade. Three colour-pattern types are recognized, with the yellow-tailed pattern optimized as the ancestral state. Our data show that the modal colour pattern of Portschinskia species is the same as in bumblebees, and a regional correlation in species diversity and colour patterns can be detected between sympatric Portschinskia and Bombus species. As a result, we suggest that colour patterns of Portschinskia can be explained as Batesian mimicry tracking locally dominant bumblebees.
Smoking Is a Risk Factor for Wound Complications after Direct Anterior Hip Arthroplasty with Mesh Tape Closure
Authors: Pachter Cole S. , Garfinkel Jonathan H. , Cochrane Niall H. , Romness David W. , Gladnick Brian P. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine what factors increase the risk of early wound complications in patients undergoing direct anterior total hip arthroplasty whose wounds were closed with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with mesh.

METHODS
This study was a retrospective review of 75 consecutive patients who underwent direct anterior total hip arthroplasty closed with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate with mesh.

MAIN RESULTS
Of 29 patients who were smokers, five patients (17.2%) developed a wound complication, whereas out of 46 nonsmokers, only one patient (2.2%) developed a wound complication (P = .029).

CONCLUSIONS
The authors recommend a closure technique that sufficiently protects the wound during healing, as well as preoperative patient optimization and smoking cessation.
Impact of a Progressive Mobility Program on the Functional Status, Respiratory, and Muscular Systems of ICU Patients: A Randomized and Controlled Trial*
Authors: Schujmann Debora Stripari , Teixeira Gomes Tamires , Lunardi Adriana Claudia , Zoccoler Lamano Murilo , Fragoso Aretha , Pimentel Mayara , Peso Claudia Neri , Araujo Priscila , Fu Carolina 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
The aim was to investigate whether patients who participated in a mobility program in the ICU performed better on functional status, muscle, mobility, and respiratory assessments upon discharge than patients who received conventional physiotherapy.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Blind evaluation.

Patients:
Adults with previous functional independence and without contraindications for mobilization were eligible.

Interventions:
The intervention group participated in an early and progressive mobility program with five levels of activity. The control group underwent the conventional treatment without a preestablished routine. We evaluated functional status, level of activity, respiratory status, muscle strength, and mobility at ICU discharge.

Measurements and Main Results:
We analyzed 49 patients in the control group and 50 patients in the intervention group. Our data showed patients with better functional status and more functionally independent patients in the intervention group compared with those in the control group (96% vs 44%; p < 0.001). The results of the sit-to-stand and 2-minute walk tests, as well as the results of the maximum voluntary ventilation tests, also varied between the groups. The intervention group had shorter ICU stays than the control group. Higher Barthel index scores were associated with the amount of activity and participation in the protocol. The benefits to functional status remained during follow-up.

Conclusions:
Patients who participated in an ICU mobility program had better functional status at discharge from the ICU. The other benefits of the program included better performance in the mobility tests and improved maximum voluntary ventilation performance.
3-Bromopyruvate alleviates the development of monocrotaline-induced rat pulmonary arterial hypertension by decreasing aerobic glycolysis, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing inflammation
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Wang , Wang Lei , Qi Xian-Mei , Sha Yu-Hui , Yang Ting 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease with limited therapeutic options, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Recent findings indicate the role of the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) in the development of PH. However, the effect of the glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) on the pathogenesis of PH has not been well investigated. This study aimed to determine whether 3-BrPA inhibits PH and its possible mechanism.

Methods:
PH was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT). 3-BrPA, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered via intraperitoneal injection every other day from the first day of MCT-injection to 4 weeks of follow-up, and indices such as right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), pulmonary arteriolar remodeling indicated by percent media thickness (% MT), lactate levels and glucose consumption, were evaluated. Pulmonary arteriolar remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy were observed in hematoxylin-eosin-stained lung sections. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and/or immunofluorescence analyses were used to measure the expression of relevant proteins. A cytochrome C release apoptosis assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling staining were used to measure cell apoptosis.

Results:
MCT-induced PH showed a significant increase in glucose consumption (0 vs. 4 weeks: 0.87 ± 0.23 vs. 2.94 ± 0.47, P = 0.0042) and lactate production (0 vs. 4 weeks: 4.19 ± 0.34 vs. 8.06 ± 0.67, P = 0.0004). Treatment with 3-BrPA resulted in a concomitant reduction in glucose consumption (1.10 ± 0.35 vs. 3.25 ± 0.47, P = 0.0063), lactate production (5.09 ± 0.55 vs. 8.06 ± 0.67, P = 0.0065), MCT-induced increase in RVSP (39.70 ± 2.94 vs. 58.85 ± 2.32, P = 0.0004), pulmonary vascular remodeling (% MT, 43.45% ± 1.41% vs. 63.66% ± 1.78%, P < 0.0001), and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVHI, 38.57% ± 2.69% vs. 62.61% ± 1.57%, P < 0.0001) when compared with those of the PBS-treated group. 3-BrPA, a hexokinase 2 inhibitor, exerted its beneficial effect on PH by decreasing aerobic glycolysis and was also associated with inhibiting the expression of glucose transporter protein-1, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing inflammation.

Conclusions:
3-BrPA might have a potential beneficial effect on the PH treatment.
An Algorithmic Approach to Perineal Reconstruction
Authors: Westbom Catherine M. , Talbot Simon G. 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Perineal wounds are one of the more challenging plastic surgical defects to reconstruct. Resections in the perineum vary in size and are frequently complicated by radiation, chemotherapy, and contamination. Furthermore, the awkward location and potential need to maintain function of the anus, urethra, and vagina and to allow comfortable sitting all contribute to the complexity of these reconstructions. In light of this complex nature, many options are available for flap coverage. In this paper, we discuss the properties of perineal defects that make each option appropriate.
Frequency and Influence of Exercise-Induced Artifact in Electrocardiograms During Exercise Treadmill Testing for Detection of Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Srivatsa Adith , Bui Jon , Mahdi Ali A. , Amsterdam Ezra A. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Exercise treadmill testing (ETT) is frequently utilized for noninvasive detection of myocardial ischemia and coronary artery disease. The frequency of electrocardiogram (ECG) artifacts (ECGA) during ETT and their influence on the identification of exercise-induced ischemia are not known.

Methods:
We reviewed all ETTs with ST segment depression in the University of California, Davis, Medical Center treadmill database during each of the years 2012 and 2016 to identify tests with exercise-induced ST segment depression in the inferior and inferolateral leads. We identified cases with ECGA during progressive phases of the test, and we assessed the influence of comorbidities and the impact of ECGA on the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Tests were considered false or true positive based on the result of confirmatory tests.

Results:
Of 2,100 tests, we identified 123 patients with exercise-induced ST segment depression in inferior or inferolateral leads (men, 43%; mean age, 59 ± 10 years; white, 59%). Tests were symptom-limited: maximum heart rate, 153 ± 18; peak METs (metabolic equivalents of resting total oxygen consumption), 9.4 ± 2.7; ECGA occurred in 91% of tests at peak exercise with earlier occurrence among females. Tests were less likely to be true positive with peak ECGA than those without ECGA (13% vs. 50%, p = 0.05).

Conclusions:
ECGA at peak exercise are frequent and related to peak heart rate and peak metabolic equivalents of resting total oxygen consumption, suggesting a motion effect. ECGA affected the diagnostic accuracy of ETT examinations, indicating that algorithms to reduce artifact for improved diagnosis of ETT require further investigation.
A qualitative study of the experience and impact of neuropathic pain in people living with HIV
Authors: Scott Whitney , Garcia Calderon Mendoza del Solar Maite , Kemp Harriet , McCracken Lance M. , C de C Williams Amanda , Rice Andrew S.C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy is common in HIV and is associated with reduced quality of life. Research has not explored the experience of neuropathic pain in people with HIV from a person-centred perspective. Therefore, a qualitative interview study was conducted to more deeply understand the experience and impact of neuropathic pain in this population. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 26 people with HIV and peripheral neuropathic pain symptoms. Interviews explored the impact of pain and participants' pain management strategies. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes and 11 subthemes were identified. Theme 1 reflects the complex characterisation of neuropathic pain, including the perceived unusual nature of this pain and diagnostic uncertainty. Theme 2 centred on the interconnected impacts of pain on mood and functioning and includes how pain disrupts relationships and threatens social inclusion. Theme 3 reflects the struggle for pain relief, including participants' attempts to “exhaust all options” and limited success in finding lasting relief. The final theme describes how pain management is complicated by living with HIV; this theme includes the influence of HIV stigma on pain communication and pain as an unwanted reminder of HIV. These data support the relevance of investigating and targeting psychosocial factors to manage neuropathic pain in HIV.
Atrial Fibrillation Induced From Commotio Cordis
Authors: Alkhamisi Ashkan , Carek Stephen M. , Dillon Michael C. , Clugston James R. 
Published: December 2019

Case:
A 20-year-old male collegiate basketball player was evaluated for sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, and blurry vision, following an elbow to the anterior chest by another player. His symptoms improved over 10 minutes of observation, but rhythm strip performed onsite showed atrial fibrillation, and the athlete was transmitted to the emergency department for further evaluation. Electrocardiogram in the ER confirmed atrial fibrillation with a rate of 85 bpm. Electrocardioversion was being arranged when he spontaneously converted to normal sinus rhythm, 2.5 hours from the traumatic event.

Conclusions:
Our case illustrates an unusual example of atrial fibrillation induced by commotio cordis (AFCC). Although less acutely life threatening and much less frequently described than ventricular fibrillation induced by commotio cordis, AFCC should be considered in the differential after blunt chest wall trauma. Currently, there are little data regarding management of patients with AFCC.
Quantitative assessment of Parkinsonian tremor by using biosensor device
Authors: Marino Silvia , Cartella Emanuele , Donato Nicola , Muscarà Nunzio , Sorbera Chiara , Cimino Vincenzo , De Salvo Simona , Micchìa Katia , Silvestri Giuseppe , Bramanti Alessia , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease which affects population older than 65 years. Tremor represents one of the main symptomatic triads in PD, particularly in rest state.
We enrolled 41 idiopathic PD patients, to validate the assessment of tremor symptoms.
To be enrolled in the study, patients had to fulfill the movement disorder society clinical diagnostic criteria for PD.
We used an innovative home-made, low-cost device, able to quantify the frequency and amplitude of rest tremor and stress condition
Our results confirmed the presence of tremor during muscular effort in a significant number of patients and the influence of emotional stress.
We suppose that this new device should be validated in clinical practice as a support of differential diagnosis and therapeutic management of PD patients.
Breast metastasis from colorectal cancer treated by multimodal therapy
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Chan , Hsu Chao-Wen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Breast metastases from primary colorectal carcinoma are extremely rare, with only 45 cases being reported previously. Since the most common malignancy in the breast and axilla is primary breast cancer regardless of cancer history, non-hematologic metastases may be misdiagnosed initially. Nevertheless, differentiating breast metastases from primary breast cancer is crucial because of their differences in prognosis and management.

Patient concerns:
We present a case of a 44-year-old Asian woman who noticed a new right breast lump after undergoing surgery and chemotherapy for her primary sigmoid colon cancer.

Diagnosis:
Image and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with breast metastasis from primary colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Interventions:
The patient underwent breast tumor excision and reinitiated chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
The patient's disease progressed despite the interventions. She passed away 7 months after the detection of breast metastasis.

Conclusion:
When a new breast lesion is detected in patients with colorectal cancer history, the physician should consider the possibility of breast metastasis due to the poor prognosis. If a biopsy is necessary, cancer history should be provided to the clinicians to prevent incorrect pathological interpretation. In establishing the diagnosis, certain immunohistochemical markers have been shown to be sensitive and specific in previously reported cases. The combination of tumor excision and chemotherapy was the most common strategy in managing this condition with inconsistent clinical outcomes.
The role of drains in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery
Authors: Kochai Alauddin , Erkorkmaz Ünal 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Close suction drainage systems are widely used in orthopedics and spine surgeries. There are less studies investigating the outcomes of using subfascial closed suction drains in adolescent patients who had undergone idiopathic scoliosis surgery. We evaluated the outcomes of patients with and without closed suction drainage and to investigate whether close suction drainage is needed after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery.
We retrospectively investigated 63 patients, who underwent posterior spinal surgery for AIS from January 2015 to January 2018. The patients were divided into the following groups: Groups A (drainage group) and B (nondrainage group). We evaluated the wound drainage (wound oozing), need for transfusion, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, length of hospital stay, and postoperative blood loss from closed suction drains. Patients’ scoliosis was categorized according to the Lenke Classification System for Scoliosis. The level of instrumentations was also evaluated.
The median postoperative hemoglobin level was lower in group A than in group B. Postoperatively, group A underwent more blood transfusions than group B. Postoperative hospital stay was also significantly longer in group A than in group B. There was no statistical difference in the infection rate between the two groups.
Using drains after AIS surgery increases hospital stay duration, blood transfusion rate and patients’ anxiety of drain tube removal. Thus, closed suction drainage may not be suitable after AIS surgery.