bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying how changing mangrove cover affects ecosystem carbon storage in coastal wetlands
Authors: Charles Sean P. , Kominoski John S. , Armitage Anna R. , Guo Hongyu , Weaver Carolyn A. , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite overall global declines, mangroves are expanding into and within many subtropical wetlands, leading to heterogeneous cover of marsh–mangrove coastal vegetation communities near the poleward edge of mangroves’ ranges. Coastal wetlands are globally important carbon sinks, yet the effects of shifts in mangrove cover on organic‐carbon (OC) storage remains uncertain. We experimentally maintained black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) or marsh vegetation in patches (n = 1,120, 3 × 3 m) along a gradient in mangrove cover (0–100%) within coastal wetland plots (n = 10, 24 × 42 m) and measured changes in OC stocks and fluxes. Within patches, above and belowground biomass (OC) was 1,630% and 61% greater for mangroves than for recolonized marshes, and soil OC was 30% greater beneath mangrove than marsh vegetation. At the plot scale, above and belowground biomass increased linearly with mangrove cover but soil OC was highly variable and unrelated to mangrove cover. Root ingrowth was not different in mangrove or marsh patches, nor did it change with mangrove cover. After 11 months, surface OC accretion was negatively related to plot‐scale mangrove cover following a high‐wrack deposition period. However, after 22 months, accretion was 54% higher in mangrove patches, and there was no relationship to plot‐scale mangrove cover. Marsh (Batis maritima) leaf and root litter had 1,000% and 35% faster breakdown rates (k) than mangrove (A. germinans) leaf and root litter. Soil temperatures beneath mangroves were 1.4°C lower, decreasing aboveground k of fast‐ (cellulose) and slow‐decomposing (wood) standard substrates. Wood k in shallow soil (0–15 cm) was higher in mangrove than marsh patches, but vegetation identity did not impact k in deeper soil (15–30 cm). We found that mangrove cover enhanced OC storage by increasing biomass, creating more recalcitrant organic matter and reducing k on the soil surface by altering microclimate, despite increasing wood k belowground and decreasing allochthonous OC subsidies. Our results illustrate the importance of mangroves in maintaining coastal OC storage, but also indicate that the impacts of vegetation change on OC storage may vary based on ecosystem conditions, organic‐matter sources, and the relative spatiotemporal scales of mangrove vegetation change.
Is plasma renin activity associated with worse outcomes in acute heart failure? A secondary analysis from the BLAST‐AHF trial
Authors: Rachwan Rayan Jo , Butler Javed , Collins Sean P. , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth A. , Senger Stefanie , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Levy Phillip D. , Metra Marco , Ponikowski Piotr , Teerlink John R. , Voors Adriaan A. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Soergel David G. , Felker G. Michael , Pang Peter S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsNeurohormonal activation characterizes chronic heart failure (HF) and is a well‐established therapeutic target. Neurohormonal activation may also play a key role in acute HF (AHF). We aim to describe the association between plasma renin activity (PRA) and three AHF outcomes: (i) worsening HF or death through day 5 of hospitalization; (ii) HF rehospitalization or death through day 30; and (iii) all‐cause death through day 30.Methods and resultsA secondary analysis of the BLAST‐AHF trial was performed. Eligible patients had a history of HF, elevated natriuretic peptides, signs and symptoms of HF, systolic blood pressure >120 mmHg, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate between 20–75 mL/min/1.73 m2. The primary trial was neutral, with no differential effect of study drug by PRA levels. Baseline PRA levels were grouped into tertiles. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard model determined the association of PRA levels with outcomes (α set atP < 0.05). Of 618 randomized patients, 578 (93.5%) had a baseline PRA. PRA was modestly, but significantly, associated with each outcome without adjustment [worsening HF or death through day 5: hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.23,P = 0.04; HF rehospitalization or death through day 30: HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.26,P = 0.02; all‐cause death through day 30: HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37,P = 0.03]. After multivariable adjustment, PRA was only significantly associated with HF rehospitalization or death through day 30 (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.32,P = 0.04).ConclusionBaseline PRA levels are associated with increased risk for the composite of 30‐day HF rehospitalization or death in patients with AHF.
Intelligent wind turbine blade icing detection using supervisory control and data acquisition data and ensemble deep learning
Authors: Liu Yao , Cheng Han , Kong Xianguang , Wang Qibin , Cui Huan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIce accretion on wind turbine blades is one of the major faults affecting the operational safety and power generation efficiency of wind turbines. Current icing detection methods are based on either meteorological observing system or extra condition monitoring system. Compared with current methods, icing detection using the intrinsic supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data of wind turbines has plenty of potential advantages, such as low cost, high stability, and early icing detection ability. However, there have not been deep investigations in this field at present. In this paper, a novel intelligent wind turbine blade icing detection method based on the wind turbine SCADA data is proposed. This method consists of three processes: SCADA data preprocessing, automatic feature extraction, and ensemble icing detection model construction. Specifically, deep autoencoders network is employed to learn multilevel fault features from the complex SCADA data adaptively. And the ensemble technique is utilized to make full use of all the extracted features from different hidden layers of the deep autoencoders network to build the ensemble icing detection model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using the data collected from actual wind farms. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method is able to not only adaptively extract valuable fault features from the complex SCADA data, but also obtains higher detection accuracy and generalization capability compared with conventional machine learning models and individual deep learning model.
Effects of injection parameters on heat extraction performance of supercritical CO2 in enhanced geothermal systems
Authors: Li Pan , Wu Yu , Liu Jiang‐feng , Pu Hai , Tao Jing , Hao Yang , Teng Yi , Hao Guan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSupercritical CO2 (SCCO2) is considered as a promising alternative heat extraction fluid in the enhanced geothermal system (EGS) which can reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions and water waste. However, the heat extraction performance of SCCO2 is greatly affected by its thermophysical properties, which are high sensitivity to temperature/pressure. In this study, by considering the impacts of temperature and pressure on thermophysical properties of SCCO2, a thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupling numerical model was established to investigate the effects of the initial reservoir temperature as well as the SCCO2 injection pressure and temperature on heat extraction. The variations of reservoir permeability and mass productivity as well as the net heat extraction rate (HER) were simulated by implementing the model into COMSOL Multiphysics, which showed a good consistency compared with the high‐temperature/pressure triaxial seepage experiments. Simulation results indicate that there are three distinct stages in mass productivity including the slow decline stage, the rapid increase stage, and the stabilization stage. Increasing the initial reservoir temperature or the injection temperature will reduce the net HER to varying degrees. Appropriate increase of the injection pressure and injection temperature can extend Stage 2 duration which can subsequently enhance the mass productivity and the net HER. Meanwhile, the higher injection pressure or the lower injection temperature will inhibit heat compensation within rock masses and accelerate the reservoir heat depletion. This study provides guidance for optimizing the injection parameters of CO2‐EGS and aims to enhance the net HER while ensuring a reasonable reservoir production life.
Foresight, cognition, and long‐term performance: Insights from the automotive industry and opportunities for future research
Authors: Vecchiato Riccardo , Favato Giampiero , di Maddaloni Francesco , Do Hang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe explore the relationship between foresight and managerial cognition and the contribution of foresight to the long‐term performance of organizations facing major sources of uncertainty. Our research setting is the automotive industry, a compelling research setting for illustrating and reflecting upon the role of foresight in strategic decision making, as the industry is currently experiencing major drivers of change and technological discontinuities. We carefully examined the most recent empirical and theoretical works in the field of foresight, by conducting a thorough literature review. We found that scholars and practitioners increasingly emphasize the ability of foresight to change the mental models of senior managers and the role of such ability in the long‐term adaptation to external changes. Overall, our study contributes to the development of a programmatic stream of research in the domain of foresight and future studies.
Cannabidiol prevents LPS‐induced microglial inflammation by inhibiting ROS/NF‐κB‐dependent signaling and glucose consumption
Authors: dos‐Santos‐Pereira Mauricio , Guimarães Franscisco S. , Del‐Bel Elaine , Raisman‐Vozari Rita , Michel Patrick P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe used mouse microglial cells in culture activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng/ml) to study the anti‐inflammatory potential of cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive component of cannabis. Under LPS stimulation, CBD (1–10 μM) potently inhibited the release of prototypical proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) and that of glutamate, a noncytokine mediator of inflammation. The effects of CBD were predominantly receptor‐independent and only marginally blunted by blockade of CB2 receptors. We established that CBD inhibited a mechanism involving, sequentially, NADPH oxidase‐mediated ROS production and NF‐κB‐dependent signaling events. In line with these observations, active concentrations of CBD demonstrated an intrinsic free‐radical scavenging capacity in the cell‐free DPPH assay. Of interest, CBD also prevented the rise in glucose uptake observed in microglial cells challenged with LPS, as did the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase apocynin and the inhibitor of IκB kinase‐2, TPCA‐1. This indicated that the capacity of CBD to prevent glucose uptake also contributed to its anti‐inflammatory activity. Supporting this view, the glycolytic inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2‐DG) mimicked the antioxidant/immunosuppressive effects of CBD. Interestingly, CBD and 2‐DG, as well as apocynin and TPCA‐1 caused a reduction in glucose‐derived NADPH, a cofactor required for NADPH oxidase activation and ROS generation. These different observations suggest that CBD exerts its anti‐inflammatory effects towards microglia through an intrinsic antioxidant effect, which is amplified through inhibition of glucose‐dependent NADPH synthesis. These results also further confirm that CBD may have therapeutic utility in conditions where neuroinflammatory processes are prominent.
Quantifying terrain controls on runoff retention and routing in the Northern Prairies
Authors: Pavlovskii Igor , Noorduijn Saskia L. , Liggett Jessica E. , Klassen Jeanette , Hayashi Masaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of hummocky terrain in governing runoff routing and focussing groundwater recharge in the Northern Prairies of North America is widely recognised. However, most hydrological studies in the region have not effectively utilised information on the surficial geology and associated landforms in large‐scale hydrological characterization. The present study uses an automated digital elevation model (DEM) analysis of a 6500‐km2area in the Northern Prairies to quantify hydrologically relevant terrain parameters for the common types of terrains in the prairies with different surficial deposits widespread in the prairies, namely, moraines and glaciolacustrine deposits. Runoff retention (and storage) capacity within depressions varies greatly between different surficial deposits and is comparable in magnitude with a typical amount of seasonal snowmelt runoff generation. The terrain constraint on potential runoff retention varies from a few millimetres in areas classified as moraine to tens of millimetres in areas classified as stagnant ice moraine deposits. Fluted moraine and glaciolacustrine deposits have intermediate storage capacity values. The study also identified the probability density function describing a number of immediate upstream neighbours for each depression in a fill‐and‐spill network. A relationship between depression parameters and surficial deposits, as well as identified depression network structure, allows parametrisation of hydrologic models outside of the high‐resolution DEM coverage, which can still account for terrain variation in the Prairies.
Repair of microdamage caused by cyclic loading in insect cuticle
Authors: O'Neill Maeve , Taylor David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is well known that repeated loading cycles can reduce the strength of a material and cause eventual failure by the gradual build‐up of damage. Previous work has shown that mammalian bone is able to extend its life almost indefinitely by continuously repairing microdamage, preventing the development of macroscopic cracks. However, no study has been conducted until now to investigate repair of microdamage in any other biological material. We applied cyclic bending loads to the hind tibiae of desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria). We observed a significant decrease in the elastic stiffness (Young's modulus) of the cuticle during the five applied loading cycles, indicating that microdamage had been induced. The tibiae were then left to rest for various time periods: 1 hr, 24 hr, 1 week, and 4 weeks. When tested again after up to 24 hr, there was still a significant decrease in stiffness, showing that some microdamage remained. However, in the samples left for 1 week or 4 weeks before retesting, this decrease in stiffness had disappeared, indicating that the microdamage had been repaired. This is the first ever indication that insects are capable of repairing microdamage. It is a highly significant finding—insects such as locusts rely on the stiffness and strength of their hind legs for jumping. This study suggests that, within a time period of order of a few days, the insect can fully restore the mechanical function of an overloaded leg and thus return to normal activities.
Palladium‐catalyzed regioselective C2‐arylation of 5‐aminoindole
Authors: Taskesenligil Yunus , Lafzi Ferruh , Kilic Haydar , Saracoglu Nurullah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPd(II)‐catalyzed C‐H arylations of 5‐aminoindole using iodobenzenes as aryl source was studied. Despite pivalamide directing group at 5‐position of the indole, the direct C2‐arylation of the indole observed in high yields and with high regioselectivity.
Development of healthy gummy jellies containing honey and propolis
Authors: Rivero Roy , Archaina Diego , Sosa Natalia , Leiva Graciela , Baldi Coronel Bertha , Schebor Carolina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this work was to develop gummy jellies containing honey and propolis, keeping the natural antioxidant principles of the beehive ingredients and satisfying consumer requirements.RESULTSA gummy jelly containing honey and propolis (HPGJ) was developed. A sensory study with consumers (n = 74) performed an intensity level evaluation test analyzing color, hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess, sweet taste and honey taste. A penalty analysis indicated that HPGJ was too hard. However, in the global acceptance study, more than 90% of consumers gave liking categories. Regarding the potential functional properties, the antioxidant capacity (AC) of HPGJ was 8.17 ± 0.55 mmol Trolox equivalent kg−1, and up to 40% AC was retained after in vitro digestion. Additionally, AC of HPGJ was up to ten times higher than that of similar commercial products. A storage study at 25 °C showed that color and AC increased significantly over 90 days owing to the development of Maillard reaction. Storage under darkness allowed keeping low values of global color change for up to 45 days. Another positive facet was that the addition of propolis delayed fungal growth during storage.CONCLUSIONAn organoleptically palatable gummy jelly was obtained. Among the positive features, it showed higher AC than similar commercial candies. Additionally, HPGJ offered a high bioaccesible AC input detected upon in vitro digestion. Overall, HPGJ could be considered an interesting, appetizing and healthier alternative to regular gummy jellies available in the market. Adequate packaging should be considered in order to extend HPGJ shelf life, reducing browning reactions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular properties are a primary control on the microbial utilization of dissolved organic matter in the ocean
Authors: Shen Yuan , Benner Ronald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe global ocean sequesters a large amount of reduced carbon in dissolved organic molecules that can persist for centuries to millennia. The persistence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the deep ocean has been attributed to inherently refractory molecules and to low concentrations of molecules, but the relative roles of molecular properties and molecular concentrations remain uncertain. We investigate both of these possibilities using bioassay experiments with unfiltered seawater collected from five depths (50–1500 m) at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐Series Study site. The microbial utilization of compositionally distinct forms of seawater DOC at in situ and elevated concentrations was determined. Microbial utilization of in situ organic carbon ranged from 6% to 7% in surface waters to 0% in deep water after 180 d. Additions of surface plankton‐derived DOC (~18 μmol L−1), which was enriched in amino acids and carbohydrates, revealed substantial (50–75%) removal of the added DOC at all depths within 7 d. In sharp contrast, additions of C‐18 isolated deep‐sea DOC (~20 μmol L−1) showed insignificant or minimal utilization at all depths after 7 or 180 d, even when primed with labile substrates. These experiments demonstrate microbial communities from varying depths and environments in the ocean could rapidly utilize elevated concentrations of plankton‐derived DOC, whereas these same microbes failed to utilize elevated concentrations of C‐18 DOC. These results indicate molecular properties are the primary control on the microbial utilization of DOC in the ocean. Our findings imply a dynamic DOC reservoir with a flexible capacity for carbon sequestration in the global ocean.
A two‐level local search heuristic for pickup and delivery problems in express freight trucking
Authors: De Giovanni Luigi , Gastaldon Nicola , Sottovia Filippo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider a multiattribute vehicle routing problem inspired by a freight transportation company operating a fleet of heterogeneous trucks. The company offers an express service for requests including multiple pickup and multiple delivery positions spread in a regional area, with associated soft or hard time windows often falling in the same working day. Routes are planned on a daily basis and reoptimized on‐the‐fly to fit new requests, taking into account constraints and preferences on capacities, hours of service, route termination points. The objective is to maximize the difference between the revenue from satisfied orders and the operational costs. The problem mixes attributes from both intercity less‐than‐truckload and express couriers operations, and we propose a two‐level local search heuristic. The first level assigns orders to vehicles through a variable neighborhood stochastic tabu search; the second level optimizes the route service sequences. The algorithm, enhanced by neighborhood filtering and parallel exploration, is embedded in a decision support tool currently in use in a small trucking company. Results have been compared to bounds obtained from a mathematical programming model solved by column generation. Experience on the field and test on literature instances attest to the quality of results and the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Experiences and needs of patients on the endovascular therapy pathway after acute ischaemic stroke: Being helpless and next to yourself
Authors: Sørensen Kristina Eiskjær , Dreyer Pia , Rasmussen Mads , Simonsen Claus Z. , Andersen Grethe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore the experiences and needs of patients on the endovascular therapy pathway.DesignA qualitative design using a phenomenological–hermeneutic approach.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews and participant observations were carried out. Data were collected from April 2016–January 2017. Data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, capturing meaning and ensuring comprehensive understanding. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used as a guideline.ResultsThe findings of this study show that the impact of stroke goes far beyond physical disability. During the structural analysis, four themes were identified: (1) Acute admission to a stroke unit – an overwhelming and blurred experience. (2) Being helpless and next to yourself. (3) The important care when you worry about dying. (4) Poststroke feelings of loneliness and uncertainty.