bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacement of oyster reefs by mangroves: Unexpected climate‐driven ecosystem shifts
Authors: McClenachan Giovanna , Witt Megan , Walters Linda J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncreases in minimum air temperatures have facilitated transitions of salt marshes to mangroves along coastlines in the southeastern United States. Numerous studies have documented mangrove expansion into salt marshes; however, a present‐day conversion of oyster reefs to mangrove islands has not been documented. Using aerial photographs and high‐resolution satellite imagery, we determined percent cover and number of mangrove patches on oyster reefs in Mosquito Lagoon, FL, USA over 74 years (1943–2017) by digitizing oyster reef and “mangrove on oyster reef” areas. Live oyster reefs present in 1943 were tracked through time and the mangrove area on every reef calculated for seven time periods. There was a 103% increase in mangrove cover on live oyster reefs from 1943 (6.6%) to 2017 (13.4%). Between 1943 and 1984, the cover remained consistent (~7%), while between 1984 and 2017, mangrove cover increased rapidly with a 6% year−1 increase in mangrove area on oyster reefs (198% increase). In 1943, 8.7% of individual reefs had at least one mangrove patch on them; by 2017, 21.8% of reefs did. Site visits found at least one mature Avicennia germinans on each tracked mangrove reef, with large numbers of smaller Rhizophora mangle, suggesting the post‐1984 mangrove increases were the result of increased R. mangle recruitment and survival. Escalation in the coverage and number of mangrove stands on oyster reefs coincided with a period that lacked extreme freeze events. The time since a temperature of ≤−6.6°C (A. germinans mortality threshold) and ≤−4°C (R. mangle mortality threshold) were significantly correlated with the increased ratio of mangrove area:oyster area, total mangrove area, and number of mangrove patches, with greater variation explained by time since ≤ −4°C. The lack of freezes could lead globally to an ecosystem shift of intertidal oyster reefs to mangrove islands near poleward mangrove range limits.
Topsoil organic matter build‐up in glacier forelands around the world
Authors: Khedim Norine , Cécillon Lauric , Poulenard Jérôme , Barré Pierre , Baudin François , Marta Silvio , Rabatel Antoine , Dentant Cédric , Cauvy‐Fraunié Sophie , Anthelme Fabien , Gielly Ludovic , Ambrosini Roberto , Franzetti Andrea , Azzoni Roberto Sergio , Caccianiga Marco Stefano , Compostella Chiara , Clague John , Tielidze Levan , Messager Erwan , Choler Philippe , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince the last glacial maximum, soil formation related to ice‐cover shrinkage has been one major sink of carbon accumulating as soil organic matter (SOM), a phenomenon accelerated by the ongoing global warming. In recently deglacierized forelands, processes of SOM accumulation, including those that control carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates and biogeochemical stability of newly sequestered carbon, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the build‐up of SOM during the initial stages (up to 410 years) of topsoil development in 10 glacier forelands distributed on four continents. We test whether the net accumulation of SOM on glacier forelands (i) depends on the time since deglacierization and local climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation); (ii) is accompanied by a decrease in its stability and (iii) is mostly due to an increasing contribution of organic matter from plant origin. We measured total SOM concentration (carbon, nitrogen), its relative hydrogen/oxygen enrichment, stable isotopic (13C, 15N) and carbon functional groups (C‐H, C=O, C=C) compositions, and its distribution in carbon pools of different thermal stability. We show that SOM content increases with time and is faster on forelands experiencing warmer climates. The build‐up of SOM pools shows consistent trends across the studied soil chronosequences. During the first decades of soil development, the low amount of SOM is dominated by a thermally stable carbon pool with a small and highly thermolabile pool. The stability of SOM decreases with soil age at all sites, indicating that SOM storage is dominated by the accumulation of labile SOM during the first centuries of soil development, and suggesting plant carbon inputs to soil (SOM depleted in nitrogen, enriched in hydrogen and in aromatic carbon). Our findings highlight the potential vulnerability of SOM stocks from proglacial areas to decomposition and suggest that their durability largely depends on the relative contribution of carbon inputs from plants.
Rhythmic adenosine triphosphate release from the cyanobacterial circadian clock protein KaiC revealed by real‐time monitoring of bioluminescence using firefly luciferase
Authors: Mutoh Risa , Iwata Keita , Iida Takahiro , Ishiura Masahiro , Onai Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe cyanobacterial circadian clock is composed of three clock proteins, KaiA, KaiB and KaiC. This KaiABC clock system can be reconstituted in vitro in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Mg2+, and shows circadian rhythms in the phosphorylation level and ATPase activity of KaiC. Previously, we found that ATP regulates a complex formation between KaiB and KaiC, and KaiC releases ATP from KaiC itself (PLoS One, 8, 2013, e80200). In this study, we examined whether the ATP release from KaiC shows any rhythms in vitro. We monitored the release of ATP from wild‐type and ATPase motif mutants of KaiC as a bioluminescence in real time using a firefly luciferase assay in vitro and obtained the following results: (a) ATP release from KaiC oscillated even without KaiA and KaiB although period of the oscillation was not 24 hr; (b) ATP was mainly released from the N‐terminal domain of KaiC; and (c) the ATP release was enhanced and suppressed by KaiB and KaiA, respectively. These results suggest that KaiC can generate basal oscillation as a core clock without KaiA and KaiB, whereas these two proteins contribute to adjusting and stabilizing the oscillation.
Cutaneous adverse effects due to personal protective measures during COVID‐19 pandemic: a study of 101 patients
Authors: Mushtaq Sabha , Terzi Erdinc , Recalcati Sebastiano , Salas‐Alanis Julio C. , Amin Sanober , Faizi Nafis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a viral illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 which spreads via droplets from an infected person. There has been an unprecedented rise in the use of personal protective equipment and practice of personal hygiene measures against COVID‐19. The extended use of protective measures (PM) can lead to ill effects on the skin. Our aim was to investigate PM‐induced dermatoses amongst healthcare workers and the general population during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 months. The study subjects were patients who presented to dermatology outpatient clinics or sought teleconsultation for skin problems related to the use of PMs against COVID‐19. A detailed history was obtained and cutaneous examination was documented for all the patients in a pre‐set proforma. Diagnoses of the adverse skin effects were formulated based upon history and clinical examination.ResultsA total of 101 cases with cutaneous adverse effects due to the use of PMs against COVID‐19 were included in the study. The general population and healthcare workers were affected similarly, comprising of 54.5% and 45.5%, respectively. The mean age of the study participants was 36.71 ± 15.72 years. The most common culprit material was soap and water (56.4%). Contact dermatitis was found to be the most common adverse effect in the majority of our patients (72.3%). The most common symptom reported was pruritus (45.5%). The wearing of personal protective equipment for a longer duration was significantly associated with multiple symptoms (P = 0.026).ConclusionThe enhanced use of different PMs against COVID‐19 can result in a variety of adverse skin effects. In our study, the use of soap and water was the most common culprit PM, and contact dermatitis was the most common adverse effect noted.
Differential diagnosis of thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia using the CellaVision Advanced Red Blood Cell software
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Geng , Yang Zhuo , Wang Xin , Liu Dan , Wan Nanyang , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionRed blood cells (RBCs) in patients with thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) exhibit different patterns of morphological changes. However, manual quantitative analysis of the morphological changes in the RBCs is time‐consuming and subjective, limiting its use in differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CellaVision Advanced RBC software as a prescreening tool for differential diagnosis of thalassemia and IDA.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of 54 thalassemia and 46 IDA cases in the training group and 36 thalassemia and 31 IDA patients in the validation group. The CellaVision DM96 Advanced RBC software was used to analyze the RBC morphology.Results and ConclusionSpecific patterns of quantitative changes in RBC shapes were found in thalassemia and IDA patients. As a single parameter, target cell was the best morphological cell type to distinguish thalassemia from IDA, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79, followed by hypochromatic cells with an AUC of 0.70. Combination of target and hypochromatic cells expressed as a ratio of the percentage of target cells to percentage of hypochromatic cells (T/H ratio) presented better differential diagnostic ability with an AUC of 0.88. A cutoff value of 1.755 for T/H ratio showed a sensitivity and specificity of 80.43% and 81.48% in the training group and 88.89% and 80.65% in the validation group, respectively.Assessment of the T/H ratio using the CellaVision Advanced RBC software represents a relatively simple and economical screening procedure for diagnostic testing of thalassemia and IDA.
How I investigate difficult cells at the optical microscope
Authors: Zini Gina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBlood cell morphological identification on the peripheral blood and bone marrow films remains a cornerstone for the diagnosis of hematological neoplasms to be integrated with immunophenotyping, molecular genetics, and histopathology. Although standardization is still far from being achieved, with high interobserver variability, in recent years, several classification approaches, from the 1976 FAB to the 2016 WHO classification, have provided hematologists with detailed morphological descriptions for a large number of diseases. Counting blasts and detecting dysplastic specimens are two cornerstones of morphological diagnosis. This review deals with identifying difficult cells, with particular reference of those with relevant diagnostic implications.
Towards a definition for returnees' reintegration processes in the context of rural Ethiopia
Authors: Tizazu Ashenafi T. , Derluyn Ilse , Lietaert Ine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough there is a substantial and growing volume of research on the return and reintegration processes of migrants, insufficient attention has been paid to the contextual meaning of reintegration, in particular for those returning to rural areas. Accordingly, based on an extensive literature review complemented with insights from forced returnees and stakeholders working with this population in rural Ethiopia, the current article disentangles the contextual meaning returnees give to reintegration, its dimensions and the indicators determining success. By doing this, we highlight crucial environmental and social factors within these reintegration processes that have been omitted in previous operationalizations. We conclude with a concrete operationalization of reintegration in the context of rural Ethiopia and reflect on the implication of these findings for theory contextualization and for policymakers and people who implement reintegration support.
Epidemiology and microbiology of severe community‐acquired pneumonia in Central Australia: a retrospective study
Authors: Tsai Danny , Chiong Fabian , Secombe Paul , Hnin Khin Moe , Stewart Penny , Goud Rajendra , Woodman Richard , Lipman Jeffrey , Roberts Jason , Hewagama Saliya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere community‐acquired pneumonia (SCAP) has high mortality and morbidity.AimsTo describe the epidemiology and microbiology of SCAP in Central Australia.MethodsA retrospective epidemiological study describing the characteristics, incidence rates (IR) and microbiological aetiology of SCAP in Central Australia. Adult patients admitted to Alice Springs Hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between 2011 and 2014 that fitted the Infectious Diseases Society of America and American Thoracic Society definition of SCAP were included. Medical records were reviewed and compared between indigenous and non‐indigenous patients. Primary outcomes were incidence rate and microbiological aetiology of SCAP. Secondary outcomes were 30‐day mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay (LoS).ResultsA total of 185 patents were included (156 indigenous; 29 non‐indigenous). The overall SCAP IR per 1000 person‐years was 3.24 (3.75 indigenous; 1.87 non‐indigenous) with an IR difference of 2.71 after adjustment (P < 0.001). Those aged ≥50 years had an IR 74.8% higher than those younger. Male IR was 50% higher than females. There was a significant difference between indigenous and non‐indigenous groups for age (48 vs 64 years), but not for 30‐day mortality (7.7% vs 10.3%), ICU LoS (4.8 vs 4.6 days) and hospital LoS (10.9 vs 15.1 days) respectively. Likely causative pathogen(s) were identified in 117 patients; Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (28.2%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (19.7%), Influenza A/B (16.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.5%).ConclusionA high incidence of SCAP was observed in Central Australia, disproportionately affecting the indigenous population. Prevention strategies are imperative, as well as early identification of SCAP and appropriate empiric antibiotic regimens.
Single‐run DSC method for determining surface crystal growth rate in glasses generalized for samples of different shapes
Authors: Midea Cuccovia Vasconcelos Reis Raphael , Ghussn Luciana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a new generalized method for the determination of surface crystallization growth rates in a wide temperature range using a single Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiment. It can be applied to different sample geometries—we have tested the method for powdered and millimetric cubic samples. The crystal growth rate is calculated from the DSC crystallization peak profile and the average particle size. The method was successfully tested using diopside (MgO·CaO·SiO2) glass powders and a sodium disilicate glass (Na2O·2SiO2) millimetric cube, which undergoes exclusive stoichiometric surface crystallization. The resulting crystal growth rates spanned ranges of approximately 60 K for diopside glass and 170 K for sodium disilicate. The method is very convenient, requiring a single DSC run and simple sample preparation. The crystal growth rates,, proved to be accurate when compared to literature optical microscopy measurements, with a root mean square deviation of 0.22 infor diopside glass.
Sintering mechanism of low‐temperature co‐fired alumina featuring superior thermal conductivity
Authors: Shigeno Koichi , Kuraoka Yuto , Asakawa Tadashi , Fujimori Hirotaka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDensely sintered alumina is produced with a 5 wt% addition of a CuO‐TiO2‐Nb2O5‐Ag2O sintering aid under a firing temperature of only 835°C with a prolonged holding time of 96 hours. The sintered material exhibits a thermal conductivity of 20 W/mK, which is significantly greater than that of conventional low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) materials (~2‐7 W/mK). Additionally, suitable dielectric characteristics are observed, such as a relative dielectric constant εr of 11.3, quality factor–resonant frequency product Q × f of 4700 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf of −87 ppm/K. The low‐temperature densification is revealed to occur mainly in the solid state, before liquid phase formation. Lattice constant measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy reveal an increase in unit cell volume upon densification and the incorporation of Cu2+ and Ti4+ ions into the alumina lattice, which promotes densification. The diffusion speeds of Cu2+ and Ti4+ ions are indirectly affected by Nb and Ag atoms by lowering the additive melting temperature. Therefore, sintering additives with low melting points and elements that incorporate into the lattice of the base material are effective for low‐temperature sintering of aluminum‐based oxides.
Tailorable thermal expansion in leucite‐pollucite materials derived from geopolymers for environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Steveson Andrew J. , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe K[AlSi2O6]‐Cs[AlSi2O6] pseudo‐binary system was synthesized by geopolymer crystallization. The thermal expansion properties of these materials were studied by in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction to characterize thermal expansion behavior for potential application as environmental barrier coatings. Tailorable thermal expansion through changing cation stoichiometry allowed reduced thermal expansion mismatch with SiCf/SiC composites compared to rare‐earth‐based coatings.
CircPUM1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the miR‐1208/MAP3K2 axis
Authors: Zhang Yaqiong , Wang Dongguo , Zhu Tao , Yu Jin , Wu Xiaoyu , Lin Weidong , Zhu Minqi , Dai Yingjie , Zhu Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common disease with a significant mortality, and there is no effective treatment for advanced patients. Growing evidence indicates that circRNAs are closely related to HCC progression, may be used as biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Recent researches have shown that circPUM1 may play an oncogene role in a variety of human cancers, but its role in HCC development has not been reported. Our study found that circPUM1 could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. In addition, in vivo studies showed that circPUM1 could increase the development of HCC tumours and regulate the expression of EMT‐related proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrated that circPUM1 could promote the development of HCC by up‐regulating the expression of MAP3K2 via sponging miR‐1208. Our study suggested that circPUM1 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Effect of porcine corneal stromal extract on keratocytes from SMILE‐derived lenticules
Authors: Li Shenyang , Cui Zekai , Gu Jianing , Wang Yini , Tang Shibo , Chen Jiansu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPropagating large amounts of human corneal stromal cells (hCSCs) in vitro while maintaining the physiological quality of their phenotypes is necessary for their application in cell therapy. Here, a novel medium to propagate hCSCs obtained from small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)‐derived lenticules was investigated and the feasibility of intrastromal injection of these hCSCs was assessed. Primary hCSCs were cultured in porcine corneal stroma extract (pCSE) with RIFA medium including ROCK inhibitor Y27632, insulin‐transferrin‐selenium, fibroblast growth factor 2, L‐ascorbate 2‐phosphate and 0.5% FBS (RIFA medium + pCSE). Protein profiling of the pCSE was identified using nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC‐MS/MS). After subculturing in RIFA medium + pCSE or 10% FBS normal medium (NM), hCSCs at P4 were transplanted into mouse corneal stroma. Compared with NM, ALDH3A1, keratocan and lumican were significantly more expressed in the RIFA medium + pCSE. ALDH3A1 was also more expressed in the RIFA medium + pCSE than in the RIFA medium. Fibronectin and α‐SMA were less expressed in the RIFA medium + pCSE than in the NM. Using Metascape analysis, the pCSE with its anti‐fibrosis, pro‐proliferation and anti‐apoptosis activities, was beneficial for hCSC cultivation. The intrastromally implanted hCSCs in the RIFA medium + pCSE had positive CD34 expression but negative CD45 expression 35 days after injection. We provide a valuable new medium that is advantageous for the proliferation of hCSCs with the properties of physiological keratocytes. Intrastromal injection of hCSCs in RIFA medium + pCSE has the potential for clinical cell therapy.
The preventive and therapeutic effects of AAV1‐KLF4‐shRNA in cigarette smoke‐induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Sun Desheng , Ding DanDan , Li Qinghai , Xie Min , Xu Yongjian , Liu Xiansheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe found previously that KLF4 expression was up‐regulated in cultured rat and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) extract and in pulmonary artery from rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by CS. Here, we aim to investigate whether CS‐induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is prevented and ameliorated by targeted pulmonary vascular gene knockdown of KLF4 via adeno‐associated virus 1 (AAV1)‐KLF4‐shRNA in vivo in rat model. The preventive and therapeutic effects were observed according to the different time‐point of AAV1‐KLF4‐shRNA intratracheal administration. We tested haemodynamic measurements of systemic and pulmonary circulations and observed the degree of pulmonary vascular remodelling. In the preventive experiment, KLF4 expression and some pulmonary circulation hemodynamic measurements such as right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), mean right ventricular pressure (mRVP), peak RV pressure rate of rise (dP/dt max) and right ventricle (RV) contractility index were increased significantly in the CS‐induced PH model. While in the prevention group (AAV1‐KLF4‐shRNA group), RVSP, mRVP, dP/dt max and RV contractility index which are associated with systolic function of right ventricle decreased and the degree of pulmonary vascular remodelling relieved. In the therapeutic experiment, we observed a similar trend. Our findings emphasize the feasibility of sustained pulmonary vascular KLF4 gene knockdown using intratracheal delivery of AAV1 in an animal model of cigarette smoke‐induced PH and determined gene transfer of KLF4‐shRNA could prevent and ameliorate the progression of PH.
The lipid phosphatase‐like protein PLPPR1 associates with RhoGDI1 to modulate RhoA activation in response to axon growth inhibitory molecules
Authors: Agbaegbu Iweka Chinyere , Hussein Rowan K. , Yu Panpan , Katagiri Yasuhiro , Geller Herbert M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhospholipid Phosphatase‐Related Protein Type 1 (PLPPR1) is a member of a family of lipid phosphatase related proteins, integral membrane proteins characterized by six transmembrane domains. This family of proteins is enriched in the brain and recent data indicate potential pleiotropic functions in several different contexts. An inherent ability of this family of proteins is to induce morphological changes, and we have previously reported that members of this family interact with each other and may function co‐operatively. However, the function of PLPPR1 is not yet understood. Here we show that the expression of PLPPR1 reduces the inhibition of neurite outgrowth of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and the retraction of neurites of Neuro‐2a cells by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Further, we show that PLPPR1 reduces the activation of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) by LPA in Neuro‐2a cells, and that this is because of an association of PLPPR1with the Rho‐specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI1). These results establish a novel signaling pathway for the PLPPR1 protein.
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