bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing trends in measles vaccination status between 2004 and 2014 among children aged 12–23 months in Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Yasmin , Moriyama Michiko , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin , Rahman Atiqur , Hossain Nasif , Das Sumon Kumar , Hossain Md. Iqbal , Golam Faruque Abu Syed , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the current measles vaccination status in Bangladesh, explain changing differentials in measles vaccination, and determine contexts that may improve measles vaccination coverage.MethodsSecondary data analysis of datasets (2004–2014) from the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys that followed stratified, multi‐stage cluster sampling design conducted both in urban and rural contexts.Results5468 children aged 12–23 months were surveyed, of whom 892 (16%) reported non‐compliance to measles vaccine. After simultaneous adjusting for covariates in multivariate logistic regression, children who came from a poor socio‐economic background, who had mothers with no formal schooling, who were underweight, of higher birth order (≥4), who had adolescent mothers, who had a history of home delivery and who had no exposure to media were observed to be significantly associated with lack of measles vaccination. Measles vaccination coverage among children of adolescent mothers was consistently low. Despite lack of media exposure, measles vaccination status gradually increased from 26% in 2004 to 33% in 2014. Lack of maternal education was no longer associated with measles vaccination status in 2007, 2011 and 2014. Stunted children continued to be associated with lack of measles immunisation in 2014. Children with higher birth order demonstrated 53% excess risk for not being immunised with measles vaccine. Mothers with no exposure to mass media were two times more likely to have children without measles immunisation as indicated by BDHS 2014 data.ConclusionsOur findings will help policy makers formulate strategies for expanding measles vaccination coverage in order to achieve further reduction in disease burden and mortality in Bangladesh.
Gynaecological morbidity associated with caesarean niche: increasing awareness, prevention and management
Authors: Brook Adam J , Clarke Fiona R , Bhatia Kalsang 
Published: December 2019

Key content

Caesarean section rates are rising globally; while obstetric consequences are well defined, long‐term gynaecological sequelae are frequently overlooked.

Caesarean niche results from poor healing of the uterine scar and is being increasingly reported as an important factor in a variety of new gynaecological symptoms reported after caesarean section.

Until recently, a lack of high‐quality evidence has hampered diagnostic assessment.

Recent publications provide a useful consensus for improved diagnosis and guidance on management, with thoughts that caesarean section technique potentially contributes to niche development.

Learning objectives

To describe the gynaecological morbidity associated with caesarean niche.

To understand theories regarding caesarean niche development, its sonographic assessment for clinical relevance and subsequent management.

To reflect on surgical techniques for caesarean section to minimise niche development.

Ethical issues

With rising caesarean section rates, caesarean niche is an emerging clinical problem.

Should we advise women of the possibility of long‐term gynaecological consequences of the caesarean niche?
Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high‐risk mast cell tumours
Authors: Pecceu Evi , Serra Varela Juan Carlos , Handel Ian , Piccinelli Chiara , Milne Elspeth , Lawrence Jessica 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConflicting evidence exists regarding the importance of routine abdominal ultrasound (US) with hepatic and splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology during staging of canine mast cell tumours (MCT). The objective of this study was to correlate ultrasonographic and cytologic findings in dogs with strictly defined high‐risk MCTs and to determine the influence on outcome. Our hypothesis was that US poorly predicts visceral metastasis in high‐risk MCTs and that early metastasis is associated with improved outcome when compared to overt metastasis. US of liver and spleen correlated to cytologic results, categorized as no metastasis, early metastasis or overt metastasis. Of 82 dogs prospectively enrolled, 18% had early visceral metastasis and 7% had overt metastasis on cytology; 67% with visceral metastasis had regional LN metastasis. US was a poor predictor of metastasis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the spleen of 67%, 68%, 21% and 94%, respectively and for the liver of 29%, 93%, 56% and 82%, respectively. Median time to progression (TTP) for dogs with no metastasis, early metastasis and overt metastasis was not reached, 305 and 69 days, respectively (P < .001). Median survival time (MST) for the 3 groups were not reached, 322 and 81 days, respectively (P < .001). High Patnaik or Kiupel grade, early metastasis, overt metastasis and adequate local control were significantly associated with outcome. Early visceral metastasis was associated with poorer outcome compared to dogs without metastasis, however, a subset of dogs experienced long‐term control.
Weed hosts of Meloidogyne spp. and the effect of aqueous weed extracts on egg hatching
Authors: Lopes A P M , Soares M R C , Chidichima L P S , Dias‐Arieira C R 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWeeds have a great economic impact on agricultural production because they compete with crops for resources and are alternative hosts for pests, microbial pathogens and plant‐parasitic nematodes. This study aimed to investigate the susceptibility of weeds to the root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita and assess the effect of aqueous weed extracts on M. javanica egg hatching. Four experiments were conducted, two for each nematode species. Weeds were inoculated with 2000 nematode eggs and grown for 60 days under greenhouse conditions. Soyabean cv. Monsoy 7110 was used as control. The weeds Ipomoea grandifolia, Solanum americanum, Digitaria horizontalis, Amaranthus deflexus, Sorghum halepense and Commelina benghalensis were susceptible to M. javanica and M. incognita in at least one experiment (reproduction factor, RF >1). Crotalaria juncea and Eleusine indica were susceptible to M. incognita in one experiment, and Digitaria insularis, Sida rhombifolia, Bidens pilosa, Urochloa decumbens, Crotalaria breviflora, Cenchrus echinatus, Crotalaria ochroleuca and Crotalaria spectabilis were immune or resistant (RF <1 or RF = 0). Alternanthera tenella, C. juncea, S. rhombifolia, C. ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, C. breviflora, B. pilosa, E. indica, U. decumbens and C. echinatus were resistant or immune to M. javanica (RF <1 or RF = 0). Compared with the control (water), all weed extracts reduced M. javanica egg hatch. Our results highlight the importance of weed control in agricultural systems, as nematodes can survive and multiply in weed roots during the off‐season. Weed leaves and shoots, however, may be an interesting source of compounds with nematicidal activity.
Thermal history of the crystalline basement from the western and southern Gulf of Mexico: Implications for rifting and later events
Authors: Villagómez* Diego , Pindell James , Spikings Richard 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
New K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission-track thermochronological data from the crystalline basement of the western Gulf of Mexico (basement core samples from Tamaulipas Arch, Tuxpan, and Jalapa–Santa Ana highs) and K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar from field samples of the Chiapas Massif in southern Mexico provide valuable information on the tectonic history of the region, namely, the rifting and postrifting stages of evolution in the Gulf of Mexico. The onset of rifting was probably as early as ca. 216 Ma and was characterized by extensional faulting that led to cooling of the basement footwall blocks by tectonic unroofing. The Tamaulipas Arch and the Jalapa–Santa Ana High were unroofed and cooled until ca. 160 Ma, whereas rocks from the Chiapas Massif were probably affected only until ca. 180 Ma. The thermochronological data suggest that the Tamaulipas Arch and the Chiapas Massif may have been footwalls to low-angle detachments prior to ca. 180 Ma. By ca. 180 Ma, the Chiapas Massif was arguably attached to Yucatán. Rotation of the Yucatán block (and Chiapas Massif) probably started at ca. 167 Ma and unroofed (exhumed) the Tamaulipas Arch very quickly until 155 Ma, when it was unconformably covered by Kimmeridgian sediments along its flanks. The Tamaulipas Arch was progressively buried until the Eocene (ca. 40 Ma), when it was uplifted, and a portion of its sedimentary cover was eroded. A second pulse of uplift occurred in the late Miocene. Our thermochronological data also show that there are along-strike variations in the vertical movements experienced by the Tamaulipas Arch since the Jurassic. This can have important implications for oil maturation of the source rocks in the region, as there might be zones that remained within the oil window for significant amounts of time.
Post–12 Ma deformation in the lower Colorado River corridor, southwestern USA: Implications for diffuse transtension and the Bouse Formation
Authors: Thacker Jacob O. , Karlstrom Karl E. , Crossey Laura J. , Crow Ryan S. , Cassidy Colleen E. , Beard L. Sue , Singleton John S. , Strickland Evan D. , Seymour Nikki M. , Wyatt Michael R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStructural evidence presented here documents that deformation was ongoing within the lower Colorado River corridor (southwestern USA) during and after the latest Miocene Epoch, postdating large-magnitude extension and metamorphic core complex formation. Geometric and kinematic data collected on faults in key geologic units constrain the timing of deformation in relation to the age of the Bouse Formation, a unit that records the first arrival and integration of the Colorado River. North-south–striking extensional, NW-SE–striking oblique dextral, NE-SW–striking oblique sinistral, and east-west–striking contractional faults and related structures are observed to deform pre– (&gt;6 Ma), syn– (6–4.8 Ma), and post–Bouse Formation (&lt;4.8 Ma) strata. Fault displacements are typically at the centimeter to meter scale, and locally exhibit 10-m-scale displacements. Bouse Formation basalt carbonate locally exhibits outcrop-scale (tens of meters) syndepositional dips of 30°–90°, draped over and encrusted upon paleotopography, and has a basin-wide vertical distribution of as much as 500 m. We argue that part of this vertical distribution of Bouse Formation deposits represents syn- and post-Bouse deformation that enhanced north-south–trending depocenters due to combined tectonic and isostatic subsidence in a regional fault kinematic framework of east-west diffuse extension within an overall strain field of dextral transtension. Here we (1) characterize post-detachment tectonism within the corridor, (2) show that diffuse tectonism is cumulatively significant and likely modified original elevations of Bouse Formation outcrops, and (3) demonstrate that this tectonism may have played a role in the integration history of the lower Colorado River. We suggest a model whereby intracontinental transtension took place in a several hundred kilometers-wide area inboard of the San Andreas fault within a diffuse Pacific–North America plate margin since the latest Miocene.
High-resolution and low-background $$^{163}$$Ho spectrum: interpretation of the resonance tails
Authors: Velte C. , Ahrens F. , Barth A. , Blaum K. , Braß M. , Door M. , Dorrer H. , Düllmann Ch. E. , Eliseev S. , Enss C. , Filianin P. , Fleischmann A. , Gastaldo L. , Goeggelmann A. , Goodacre T. Day , Haverkort M. W. , Hengstler D. , Jochum J. , Johnston K. , Keller M. , Kempf S. , Kieck T. , König C. M. , Köster U. , Kromer K. , Mantegazzini F. , Marsh B. , Novikov Yu. N. , Piquemal F. , Riccio C. , Richter D. , Rischka A. , Rothe S. , Schüssler R. X. , Schweiger Ch. , Stora T. , Wegner M. , Wendt K. , Zampaolo M. , Zuber K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe determination of the effective electron neutrino mass via kinematic analysis of beta and electron capture spectra is considered to be model-independent since it relies on energy and momentum conservation. At the same time the precise description of the expected spectrum goes beyond the simple phase space term. In particular for electron capture processes, many-body electron-electron interactions lead to additional structures besides the main resonances in calorimetrically measured spectra. A precise description of the $$^{163}$$163Ho spectrum is fundamental for understanding the impact of low intensity structures at the endpoint region where a finite neutrino mass affects the shape most strongly. We present a low-background and high-energy resolution measurement of the $$^{163}$$163Ho spectrum obtained in the framework of the ECHo experiment. We study the line shape of the main resonances and multiplets with intensities spanning three orders of magnitude. We discuss the need to introduce an asymmetric line shape contribution due to Auger–Meitner decay of states above the auto-ionisation threshold. With this we determine an enhancement of count rate at the endpoint region of about a factor of 2, which in turn leads to an equal reduction in the required exposure of the experiment to achieve a given sensitivity on the effective electron neutrino mass.
‘Stretching’ Marxism in the Postcolonial World
Authors: Salem Sara 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on Egypt’s moment of decolonisation in order to explore some of the productive tensions between Marxism, Frantz Fanon’s work, and postcolonial contexts. Through a reading of Egypt’s attempts at independent industrialisation and decolonising ‘the international’, the article uses Frantz Fanon’s invitation to ‘stretch Marxism’ as a way of understanding the particularities of capitalism in the colonial and postcolonial world. It is posited that events such as decolonisation across the postcolonial world have been central to the evolution of global capitalism, and should be centred within Marxist analyses of global politics. It is further argued that these moments can shed light on the contradictions of nationalism, sovereignty and independence, and the ways in which anticolonialism in places like Egypt ultimately reproduced, rather than challenged, colonial capitalism.
Gendered Narrative in Female War Literature
Authors: Moosavi Maryam , Ghandeharion Azra , Sabbagh Mahmoud Reza Ghorban 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
US novelist and journalist Helen Benedict’s 2011 fictional work Sand Queen, the first novel about the Iraq War (2003–11) written by a woman, has great potential for feminist approaches, especially regarding its use of gender-identity models. Through her positioning of the narrators, her multiple narratives, and the linguistic elements in this work, Benedict has created a unique artistic structure that has broad implications for the study of narrative, the themes of war, displacement, and trauma, and cross-cultural understanding. The current study examines Benedict’s work to demonstrate her gender-conscious view of war in her depiction of US soldier Kate Brady and Iraqi medical student and interpreter Naema Jassim as the central consciousnesses through which the narrative is told. Taking advantage of third-wave feminist approaches to gender, the study discovers diverse perspectives and distinctive viewpoints on the concept of gender identity. Offered by the novel’s first-person character-narrators, these viewpoints explore the fictional universe mapped out by Benedict in the text. In the context of the Iraq War, based on models of gender identity interspersed throughout the narrative, the study reveals how the challenges and/or reaffirmations of normative gender ideologies dominated patriarchal systems of military institutions.
Les citations probantes du Livre du palmier (Kitāb al-Naḫl) d’Abū Ḥātim al-Siǧistānī (m. 255/869)
Authors: Foulon Brigitte 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
Parmi les usages du vers attestés dans la culture arabe classique, thème d’une journée d’étude organisée en 2017 à l’INALCO, notre étude a retenu celui consistant à faire du vers un šāhid, ou « citation probante » (Gilliot, 1996). En effet, de nombreuses sciences arabes, au premier plan desquelles figurent les sciences du langage (grammaire, lexicologie, philologie…), ont eu recours aux šawāhid pour illustrer un fait de langue, l’emploi d’un mot rare ou une tournure syntaxique. Dans ce cadre, les vers sont présentés hors de tout contexte, qu’il s’agisse de celui de ses conditions de production ou de celui du poème dans lequel il s’insère. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous nous appuierons sur le traité d’Abū Ḥātim al-Siǧistānī (m. 255/869) consacré au palmier, Kitāb al-Naḫl. Après avoir procédé à un classement des šawāhid, nous observerons, successivement, les citations sans rapport avec l’objet du traité, le palmier, celles où ce dernier apparaît comme métaphore ou comparant et, enfin, celles dont il est l’objet principal. Notre objectif sera de montrer comment ces citations s’organisent en un réseau textuel qui se superpose – ou se croise – avec le texte du lexicologue. Que nous disent-elles du palmier, qui n’est pas abordé par l’auteur dans son ouvrage savant ? Et, en particulier, que nous apprennent-elles sur le statut accordé au palmier dans le système éthique des Arabes ?
La joute satirique au début de l’époque abbasside (132/750-197/813) : un espace poétique autonome ?
Authors: Hoorelbeke Mathias 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
L’art des poètes des débuts de l’époque abbasside est soumis à de fortes contraintes que leur dictent leurs patrons. Cette influence est maximale dans les genres par lesquels le poète exprime sa satisfaction ou son déplaisir. Mais elle est également sensible sur d’autres genres, telle la poésie amoureuse ou la description. Les joutes satiriques offrent en revanche, à première vue, un espace relativement autonome aux poètes, où ils peuvent se légitimer et se mesurer sans craindre d’ingérence externe. Cet espace relativement autonome reste toutefois soumis, de façon indirecte, à l’influence patronale, parfois du fait même des poètes, ce qui rend cette autonomie très précaire.
Classical Roman Law, a product of interpretation from the Early Modern Times
Authors: Waelkens Laurent 
Published: December 2019

Summary
The study of the Roman law we know today, started in the twelfth century and was based on sources preserved from Roman Antiquity. The interpretation of these antique texts was, however, always contemporary and never reflected their original meaning. In this article we assess the importance of medieval and early modern interpretation and, by analyzing a series of thirteen classical notions of Roman law, illustrate how what we call “classical Roman law” nowadays found its origins especially in Early Modern Times. The article also brings an English summary of a series of articles we wrote in French and Dutch.
The decline and displacement of custom in early modern Spain
Authors: Masferrer Aniceto 
Published: December 2019

Summary
This article aims to describe the reasons for the decline of customary law in the early modern era. Confining the discussion to a limited geographical setting – the Iberian Peninsula – the arguments I used might be easily applied to other European jurisdictions. Part I presents an explanation of the predominance of custom in the medieval Spanish legal traditions. Part II describes the general features of the law in the early modern era, since they contributed – to a greater or lesser degree – to the demise of custom. Part III focuses more specifically on the theoretical and practical reasons for the decline and displacement of custom in early modern Spain. Part IV describes the consequences of the Decrees of Nueva Planta (1707-1718), approved by Felipe V in the context of the War of the Spanish Succession (1700-1714), regarding the development of the notion and role of custom in the eighteenth century. The article concludes with some reflections, emphasising that although customs do not easily co-exist with the state or a strong political power, neither do they entirely perish.
The life and work Raoul Charles van Caenegem (1927-2018)
Authors: Heirbaut Dirk 
Published: December 2019

Summary
This article deals with the life and work of the Belgian legal historian R.C. van Caenegem. It shows how van Caenegem’s work was influenced by his teachers, first of all François-Louis Ganshof, but also many others like Theodore Plucknett. Van Caenegem’s research was very diverse and addressed different groups of readers, so that most of them only know a fragment of his work. Van Caenegem learned from Ganshof’s mistakes. Unlike his master, van Caenegem took an interest in sociology and he did not hesitate to publish the grand overviews of history which Ganshof had stopped writing in the second half of his career. Many of van Caenegem’s books on English, medieval and legal history were a product of his teaching. Whereas the books for the students in Ghent, where van Caenegem was burdened by a heavy teaching load, presented a complete survey, the books for select groups of foreign students cherry-picked from legal history and took part in discussions on larger debates. Van Caenegem’s many articles offer a better insight into his personal evolution from a scholar who started out as a jurist, but very soon lost interest in dogmatic legal history and preferred to investigate the lawmakers instead of the law itself. As a historian, van Caenegem put the middle ages first, because in his opinion the middle ages laid the foundations for the modern rule of law. However, these ‘modern’ middle ages only started in the twelfth century. Although he claimed that the future of legal historical research lays in teamwork, van Caenegem himself remained an indvidualistic scholar.
Universal Human Rights ‘Versus’ Cultural Relativism: the Mediating Role of Constitutional Rights
Authors: Agyeman Nana Kwame , Momodu Alfred 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The claim that human rights are rights that all humans hold everywhere and at all times embodies the concept of universalism. There are however some that do not believe that human rights are universally held. Those who hold such views are widely described as cultural relativists. A rich body of literature exists with a particular focus on the divergence that exists between universalism and cultural relativism. We posit that these areas of antagonism might be overstated. In the light of this, this work investigates the mediating role that constitutional rights may play between these two seemingly opposing schools of thought. Ultimately this paper avers that the constitutional making process that international human rights principles go through in order to emerge as constitutional rights allows for constitutional rights to simultaneously lay claim to both universalist and relativist ideals. Thus, allowing constitutional rights to represent a grossly overlooked middle ground.
Dioniso e le rane (Ar. Ra. 209–267). Note di drammaturgia e versificazione
Authors: Bravi Luigi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper draws attention on the secondary chorus of frogs in Aristophanes’ Frogs. Its actual presence on the stage is matter of discussion between scholars. The dramatic function of the frogs, the rapid dialogue with Dionysus and the close construction of verse in this lyrical dialogue seem to suggest the hypothesis of a visible chorus.
Una formula, tanti significati. Οἱ περί τινα negli scolî e in Eustazio
Authors: Savio Martina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An analysis of some significant examples shows that the phrase οἱ περὶ + accusative of a proper noun employed in the Homeric scholia and in Eustathius of Thessalonica’s Commentaries was an abridged expression conveying in any specific case different information concerning the sources quoted into these texts.