bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking Back and Moving Forward: The Research Agenda on the Global Governance of Mixed Migration
Authors: Kent Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is no international regime to comprehensively govern transnational migration in all of its facets. But scholars and policymakers acknowledge and study the existence of the global governance of migration. Though most have focused on disaggregating the global governance of migration into its separate regimes (refugees, labour, travel, etc.), I argue here that much of this architecture addresses the phenomenon of mixed migration. I define the global governance of mixed migration as involving a range of legal regimes impinging on actors simultaneously; shared understandings about the nature of mixed migration, including motivations and drivers; and the existence of different bilateral, regional and global arrangements for addressing the phenomenon. I critically review the interdisciplinary research agenda on the global governance of mixed migration, covering its emergence over the last twenty years, its broad empirical and conceptual dimensions, the major debates and promising directions for future research.
Impact of disability services on mental health service utilization in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Lewis Sunali B. , Florio Tony , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Trollor Julian N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCan disability support services (DS) facilitate access to mental health services (MHS) for people with intellectual disability? This study utilized 10 years of data from 6,260 persons in NSW who had received DS and specific MHS to quantify the relationship between DS utilization and MHS utilization in adults with intellectual disability and co‐existing mental illness.ResultsReceipt of DS was associated with greater odds of accessing community mental health (CMH) services (36%, 95% CI 29%–43%) but not psychiatric admissions. Age, sex and social disadvantage did not affect the odds of psychiatric admission or CMH use. Individuals living in a remote area had greater odds of CMH use and lesser odds of psychiatric admission.ConclusionsReceipt of DS was associated with greater CMH but not psychiatric hospital utilization in people with intellectual disability and co‐existing mental illness.
Rg1 protects H9C2 cells from high glucose‐/palmitate‐induced injury via activation of AKT/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Yu Haitao , Zhen Juan , Yang Yang , Du Jian , Leng Jiyan , Tong Qian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur previous studies have assessed ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1)‐mediated protection in a type 1 diabetes rat model. To uncover the mechanism through which Rg1 protects against cardiac injury induced by diabetes, we mimicked diabetic conditions by culturing H9C2 cells in high glucose/palmitate. Rg1 had no toxic effect, and it alleviated the high glucose/palmitate damage in a dose‐dependent manner, as indicated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and lactate dehydrogenase release to the culture medium. Rg1 prevented high glucose/palmitate‐induced cell apoptosis, assessed using cleaved caspase‐3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining. Rg1 also reduced high glucose‐/palmitate‐induced reactive oxygen species formation and increased intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity. We found that Rg1 activates protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3β) pathway and antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, indicated by increased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK‐3β, and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. We used phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase inhibitor Ly294002 to block the activation of the AKT/GSK‐3β pathway and found that it partially reversed the protection by Rg1 and decreased Nrf2 pathway activation. The results suggest that Rg1 exerts a protective effect against high glucose and palmitate damage that is partially AKT/GSK‐3β/Nrf2‐mediated. Further studies are required to validate these findings using primary cardiomyocytes and animal models of diabetes.
Asiaticoside might attenuate bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathway assisted by A2AR
Authors: Luo Jing , Zhang Ting , Zhu Chengwei , Sun Junwei , Zhu Wenjing , Ai Wenxiu , Huang Xiaoying , Wang Xiaobing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAsiaticoside (AS) has been reported to have protective effect on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential mechanism of the therapeutic role of AS and its relationship with A2AR in PF. Adenosine 2A receptor gene knockout (A2AR−/−) mice and wild‐type (WT) mice were used to establish bleomycin (BLM)‐induced PF models and were then treated with AS (50 mg/kg/d). Pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the PF model with much higher severity in A2AR−/−mice than that in WT mice and AS significantly alleviated lung inflammation and fibrosis; however, it was less effective in A2AR−/− mice than in WT mice via histopathological analysis. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we found up‐regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BLM group were enriched in immune and inflammation‐associated pathways compared with control group. There were 242 common DEGs between down‐regulated in BLM vs control group and up‐regulated in BLM + AS vs BLM group, which were enriched in cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathways. Furthermore, the expression of five key factors of these two pathways including adenylate cyclase (ADCY1, ADCY5, ADCY8, cAMP and Rap1) were confirmed up‐regulated by AS with the presence of A2AR. Therefore, AS might attenuate BLM‐induced PF by activating cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathways which is assisted by A2AR, making it a promising therapeutic optional for PF.
Geographic patterns in colonial reproductive strategy inMyrmecina nipponica: Links between biogeography and a key polymorphism in ants
Authors: Cronin Adam L. , Azuma Noriko , Miyazaki Satoshi , Oguri Emiko , Schwarz Michael P. , Ito Fuminori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ability to express different phenotypes can help define species distributions by allowing access to, and exploitation of, new environments. Social insects employ two markedly different reproductive strategies with contrasting cost/benefit characteristics: independent colony foundation (ICF), which is associated with high dispersal range and high risk, and dependent colony foundation (DCF), characterized by low risk but low dispersal. The antMyrmecina nipponicaemploys both of these strategies, with the frequency of each apparently varying between populations. We combine molecular data with data on reproductive strategy from different populations of this species throughout Japan to explore how this polymorphism is linked to environmental factors and whether this relationship can help explain the current and historical biogeography of this species. Reproductive strategy exhibited a strong geographic pattern, with ICF predominant in southern populations and DCF more common in northern and southern highland populations. Molecular analyses clearly divided populations into broad geographic regions, with the southern lowland populations basal to (southern highland (+ northern)) populations. Intra‐population polymorphism in colony‐founding strategy was widespread, and polymorphism was reconstructed as the likely ancestral state. The frequency of different strategies was linked with climate, with DCF more common in colder areas. A recent inferred origin to the northern lineage suggests that colonization of northern Japan was a rapid event coincident with warming at the end of the Last Glacial Maxima, likely facilitated by the cold‐adaptive advantages of DCF. We discuss how such polymorphisms could help explain the biogeography of this and other social insects.
ZmSRL5is involved in drought tolerance by maintaining cuticular wax structure in maize
Authors: Pan Zhenyuan , Liu Min , Zhao Hailiang , Tan Zengdong , Liang Kun , Sun Qin , Gong Dianming , He Haijun , Zhou Wenqi , Qiu Fazhan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCuticular wax is a natural barrier on terrestrial plant organs, which protects plants from damages caused by a variety of stresses. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a cuticular‐wax‐related gene,Zea maysL.SEMI‐ROLLED LEAF 5(ZmSRL5). The loss‐of‐function mutantsrl5, which was created by a 3,745 bp insertion in the first intron that led to the premature transcript, exhibited abnormal wax crystal morphology and distribution, which, in turn, caused the pleiotropic phenotypes including increased chlorophyll leaching and water loss rate, decreased leaf temperature, sensitivity to drought, as well as semi‐rolled mature leaves. However, total wax amounts showed no significant difference between wild type andsemi‐rolled leaf5 (srl5)mutant. The phenotype ofsrl5was confirmed through the generation of two allelic mutants using CRISPR/Cas9.ZmSRL5encodes a CASPARIAN‐STRIP‐MEMBRANE‐DOMAIN‐LIKE (CASPL) protein located in plasma membrane, and highly expressed in developing leaves. Further analysis showed that the expressions of the most wax related genes were not affected or slightly altered insrl5. This study, thus, primarily uncovers thatZmSRL5is required for the structure formation of the cuticular wax and could increase the drought tolerance by maintaining the proper cuticular wax structure in maize.
Religion's influence on the financial well‐being of consumers: A conceptual framework and research agenda
Authors: Sarofim Samer , Minton Elizabeth , Hunting Amabel , Bartholomew Darrell E. , Zehra Saman , Montford William , Cabano Frank , Paul Pallab 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReligion is an indelible force in society, yet research examining its influence on consumption, particularly in the context of financial well‐being is lacking. Thus, this paper presents a conceptual framework of factors influencing, and outcomes associated with, the effects of religion on financial well‐being. Specifically, this paper introduces a conceptual framework aimed at understanding how religion influences financial decisions and well‐being, both from a consumer and a business perspective. Focus groups were conducted with consumers and financial practitioners to support the development of the conceptual framework. Most novel to this framework is the identification of potential process mechanisms explaining this relationship, including trust, affect, risk propensity, and perceived personal control. The framework concludes with potential interventions targeted at consumers and businesses to improve financial well‐being. This propositions‐based conceptual framework serves as a research agenda to guide and aid scholars, consumer advocacy groups, policymakers, and marketers in promoting greater financial well‐being.
Tooth Shade Preferences among the General Public
Authors: Almufleh Balqees , Emami Elham , Al‐Khateeb Aliaa , Del Monte Stefano , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo identify laypersons’ most preferred tooth shade as a function of observer and patient factors, namely patients’ skin shade and observers’ socio‐demographics.Materials and MethodsTwo online surveys using computer‐designed perioral images with different shades of the skin and teeth were distributed to participants in Montreal (Canada) and San Francisco (USA). The first survey (n = 120) was designed to assess public preferences of tooth shade value, hue and chroma as a function of the skin color of the perioral image (model), and the demographic characteristics of the observer.The first survey included 6 sets of 9 identical perioral images. A different skin shade (from very dark to very light) was used for each set of images, and each set of images presented teeth with different tooth shades which included three different levels of value (2M1, 3M1, 4M1), hue (3L1.5, 3M1, 3R1.5), and chroma (3M1, 3M2, 3M3) of the Vita 3D Master shade guide. Participants were asked to choose their preferred image for each category (value, hue, chroma) within each set of skin shades.A second survey was performed to pinpoint the tooth shade that is preferred the most by the general public. In this survey, images with four tooth shades (1M1, 2M1, 3M1, 4M1) and 6 skin shades were distributed (n = 70). Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of preferred tooth shades.ResultsMost of the participants preferred teeth with the highest value (54%), a neutral hue (59%) and the lowest chroma (89%). About 75% of the participants preferred 1M1 the lightest tooth shade over other shades regardless of their demographics or skin color of the model. Among the observer‐related variable, age was the most significant predictor of people preferred tooth shade (p = 0.019).ConclusionThis study showed that there are common preferences in terms of tooth shade value, hue and chroma among participants regardless of demographic variables and facial skin shades. This data could guide dentists for tooth shade selection in the clinical practice.
Annuitization and aggregate mortality risk
Authors: Andersen Torben M. , Gestsson Marias H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is well established that annuities can fully diversify idiosyncratic mortality risks. However, survival rates at the cohort level are changing, raising the question what is the scope of annuities in the presence of aggregate mortality risk? In an overlapping generations setting, we show that risk free annuities exist, but offer a return below the (fair) certainty equivalent return, and agents do not fully annuitize their savings. Higher aggregate mortality risk increases savings and thus the mean level of the capital stock. This lowers the mean rate of return on capital, the survival premium on annuities and the share of individual savings in annuities.
Effects of crude protein and sodium intake on water turnover in cats fed extruded diets
Authors: Garcia Caroline A. , Loureiro Bruna A. , Peres Francine M. , Goloni Camila , Di Santo Ludmilla G. , Mendonça Fernanda S. , Carciofi Aulus C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe comprehension of strategies to increase urine production may be important, especially in kibble diets to prevent urolithiasis in cats. The effects of increasing amounts of crude protein (CP) and sodium on the water turnover of cats were evaluated using the water balance (WB) method and the deuterium dilution technique. The study followed a randomized block design, with three blocks of eight cats, two cats per food type in each block, and six cats per food. Four extruded diets with different amounts of CP and sodium were evaluated (on DM basis): 28% CP and 0.58% sodium; 39% CP and 0.64% sodium; 52% CP and 0.76% sodium; and 64% CP and 0.87% sodium. Cats were individually housed in cages for 8 days to measure WB, urea excretion, and faecal and urine characteristics. Deuterium oxide was used to evaluate water turnover, and during the period cats were housed in a collective cattery. The data were analysed by anFtest, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts. The ɑ level of significance was set at 0.05. The methods were compared by Pearson correlation, and Bland and Altman analysis. The increase in the CP content elevated linearly the renal excretion of urea (p < .001), and, together with the higher sodium intake, elevated the renal solute load, which resulted in a linear increase in urine production and water intake (p < .01). The urine density, metabolic water, and faecal and insensible water losses did not differ (p > .05). The water flux increased linearly when using the deuterium method (p < .001), but the obtained values were 20.85 ± 11.11 ml/cat/day higher than those verified using the WB method (p = .001). Higher CP and sodium amounts in dry diets increased the urine production and water consumption of cats, and this can be explored as a possible option to increase urination.
Understanding consumer perception of deep‐fried battered and breaded coatings
Authors: Voong Kha Y. , Norton‐Welch Abigail , Mills Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate three types of deep‐fried battered and breadcrumb coatings (fine, medium, and coarse), each coating varying in breadcrumb size. Instrumental testing using X‐ray micro‐computerized tomography, texture analysis, and acoustic analysis confirms significant differences between each sample in terms of physical and mechanical properties. Four hedonic and 9 sensory attributes were evaluated by 185 consumers for preference and acceptance (9‐point scale and just‐about‐right‐scale). Penalty analysis confirmed significant mean drops within all three samples (p < .05), “coarse” having the most and “medium” having the least. This explains “medium” having the overall highest liking score (6.72) and coarse having significantly lower (5.88). Crispness is an important textural attribute representing freshness and quality of deep‐fried coatings. However, penalty analysis shows “coarse” coatings with the highest crispness scores, resulting in the greatest significant mean drop (2.01) and lowest overall liking. A combination of flavor, appearance, and texture‐related attributes significantly reduce hedonic score (p < .05). Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis confirms three clusters of consumers based on liking for either “coarse,” “medium,” or “fine.” Each of these samples has a significant difference in the microstructure. Chi‐square test confirms a significant difference in product quality, purchase intent, and met expectations between samples in each cluster group (p < .05). The findings in this research highlight how differences in microstructure of battered and breaded coatings influence textural properties and consumer preference. This can be applied to a wide battered and breaded goods.
Insulin dysregulation in a population of Finnhorses and associated phenotypic markers of obesity
Authors: Box Justin R. , McGowan Cathy M. , Raekallio Marja R. , Mykkänen Anna K. , Carslake Harry , Karikoski Ninja P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity and insulin dysregulation (ID) predispose horses to laminitis. Determination of management practices or phenotypic markers associated with ID may benefit animal welfare.ObjectivesDetermine ID status of a population of Finnhorses using an oral sugar test (OST) and compare phenotypes and management factors between ID and non‐ID Finnhorses.AnimalsOne hundred twenty‐eight purebred Finnhorses ≥3 years of age.MethodsOwners were recruited using an online questionnaire regarding signalment, history, feeding, and exercise of their horses. Selected contributing stables within a predefined area were visited. Phenotypic markers of obesity and the weight of each horse were recorded. After fasting overnight, horses received 0.45 mL/kg corn syrup PO. Serum samples before and at 60 and 90 minutes after syrup administration were analyzed for insulin by chemiluminescent assay. Horses met ID criteria if insulin concentrations were ≥33 μIU/mL at T0, ≥66 μIU/mL at T60 or T90 or some combination thereof. Associations between phenotypic markers, feeding and exercise variables, and ID were examined using mixed effects logistic regression modeling.ResultsSeveral phenotypic markers of obesity were significant on univariable analysis but in the final multivariable model, only obesity (body condition score  ≥8) was associated with ID (P = .04). Over half of the horses (60% [95% confidence interval (CI), 51%‐68%]) were considered overweight or obese whereas 16% (95% CI, 10%‐23%) were classified as having ID.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBecause obesity is associated with ID in cold‐blooded type horses, objective monitoring of phenotypic markers by owners may be beneficial for health outcomes.
Vitamin D status in cats with cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ware Wendy A. , Freeman Lisa M. , Rush John E. , Ward Jessica L. , Makowski Andrew J. , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow vitamin D concentrations have been associated with advanced heart disease and poorer outcomes in people and dogs. Vitamin D status typically is assessed by serum 25(OH)D concentration. However, cats also produce notable amounts of a C‐3 epimer of 25(OH)D (3‐epi).Hypothesis/ObjectivesDetermine if vitamin D status, estimated by 25(OH)D3 alone or combined with 3‐epi (summation vitD), is lower in cats with cardiomyopathy (CM) compared to clinically normal (N) cats and if indicators of disease severity are associated with vitamin D status.AnimalsPrivately owned cats, 44 with CM and 56 N.MethodsCross‐sectional observational study using clinical and echocardiographic findings, diet history, and serum 25(OH)D3 and 3‐epi measurements.ResultsCat age was negatively related to vitamin D status. Summation vitD was lower in CM cats (median = 47.1 ng/mL) compared to N cats (median = 58.65 ng/mL) both before (P = .03) and after (P = .04) accounting for age. However, 25(OH)D3 became nonsignificant between CM and N cats after age was included. Summation vitD was related positively to survival time and fractional shortening (FS), but negatively to left atrial enlargement (LAE) severity, both before and after accounting for age. For 25(OH)D3 alone, only survival time and FS remained significant after including age.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe report 25(OH)D3 and 3‐epi concentrations in CM and N cats. Age had an important (negative) relationship to vitamin D status. After accounting for age, summation vitD was lower in CM cats. Vitamin D status was related positively to survival time and FS, but negatively to LAE severity.
Experience not consciousness, backwaters not streams: Dorothy Richardson's “investigation of reality”
Authors: McCracken Scott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen May Sinclair used the phrase “stream of consciousness” to describe Dorothy Richardson's long narrative, Pilgrimage, she could not have predicted that phrase would become a sweeping description for a whole category of early twentieth‐century texts. However, while Richardson never denied consciousness was her subject, she conceived a lifelong dislike, sometimes expressed as an explicit hatred, of the metaphor of the stream. Rather than developing a theory of mind, Richardson wanted to refashion the novel form to represent women's experience. Though Pilgrimage does dwell on nominally subjective states – waiting, being bored, loneliness, sadness, frustrated desire, a sense of being stuck – experience for its heroine, Miriam Henderson, is always relational, that is always about the experience of being‐with not just being. Pilgrimage's frequent representations of an absence of connection should not be read as implying that social being is not possible, rather that society as it is currently constituted does not yet allow Richardson's protagonist, Miriam Henderson, to be‐with in the way that she desires.
Unclean stream: Representing selfhood in Joyce and Lewis
Authors: Thurston Luke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores questions of selfhood in Joyce's Ulysses and the early work of Wyndham Lewis. I argue that although Joyce apparently uses the stylistic technique of “stream of consciousness” to unravel the consistent agency of the conscious ego, in so doing his writing both echoes the discoveries of early twentieth century science and re‐inscribes the ethical potential of subjectivity. I follow the trajectory of Scott Klein by examining the supposed literary rivalry between Joyce and Wyndham Lewis in terms of contrasting strategies for representing the “I” and the eye, the ego and the gaze. In Lewis' early work with its “wild anthropology,” I trace a critique of the model of subjectivity implied by “stream of consciousness,” a critique that anticipates key aspects of psychoanalytic theory. By switching the narrative centre from the logocentric “I” to the toxic gaze of the Other, Lewis aims to challenge the metaphysical presuppositions of “stream of consciousness” and thus expose one of the defining techniques of modernist writing as deluded or fraudulent. I conclude by examining the political dimension of Lewis' early work, arguing that the modernist stream of consciousness should be seen not merely as a stylistic practice but as an ethical one (in the sense indicated by Marian Eide).