bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria in fresh plants and in silage from Opuntia and their effects on the fermentation and aerobic stability of silage
Authors: Pereira G. A. , Santos E. M. , Araújo G. G. L. , Oliveira J. S. , Pinho R. M. A. , Zanine A. de M. , Souza A. F. N. , Macedo A. J. S. , Neto J. M. C. , Nascimento T. V. C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current study aimed to select the strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from forage cactus plants and silage and assess their effects on silage fermentation and aerobic stability. Forty wild isolates from plant and cactus silage, classified as LAB, were evaluated for metabolite production and identified by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. These wild isolates were identified asLactobacillus plantarum,Weissella cibaria,Weissella confusaandWeissella paramesenteroidesand the LAB populations differed among the silage. The use of microbial inoculants did not influence gas or effluent losses in forage cactus silage. The silage inoculated with the microbial strain GP15 showed the highest number of LAB populations. The amounts of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and ammonia nitrogen differed among the silage. The silage inoculated with the GP1 strain presented the highest WSC. Populations of enterobacteria and yeasts and moulds were below the minimum detection limit (<2.0 log cfu/g silage) in all the silage studied. The predominant action of inoculants was to maximize dry matter recovery of the silage, which could be the criterion adopted to select the strains of LAB for use as inoculants inOpuntiasilage.
Instructional strategies and linguistic features of kindergarten teachers’ shared book reading: The case of Singapore
Authors: Sun He , Toh Weimin , Steinkrauss Rasmus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTeachers’ language practice during shared book reading may significantly affect the rate and outcome of early language proficiency. The current study has focused on 37 kindergarten teachers and 440 4- to 5-year-old kindergartners during their shared book reading sessions in Singapore, exploring teachers’ variation in instructional strategies and linguistic features, and its relations with children’s language development and teacher’s background. Results demonstrated that teacher’s language strategies and linguistic features varied considerably. Instructional strategies with a medium level of cognitive load were found to be positively related to children’s growth in receptive vocabulary and word reading skills. Teacher’s lexical sophistication was found to be positively associated with children’s vocabulary size. Years of teaching experience was revealed to predict teacher’s variation in medium-level instructions.
Drug and Alcohol Related Patient Presentations to Emergency Departments during Sporting Mass-Gathering Events: An Integrative Review
Authors: Delany Catherine , Crilly Julia , Ranse Jamie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:Drug and alcohol consumption at sporting mass-gathering events (MGEs) has become part of the spectator culture in some countries. The direct and indirect effects of drug and alcohol intoxication at such MGEs has proven problematic to in-event health services as well as local emergency departments (EDs). With EDs already under significant strain from increasing patient presentations, resulting in access block, it is important to understand the impact of sporting and other MGEs on local health services to better inform future planning and provision of health care delivery.Aim:The aim of this review was to explore the impact of sporting MGEs on local health services with a particular focus on drug and alcohol related presentations.Method:A well-established integrative literature review methodology was undertaken. Six electronic databases and the Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (PDM) journal were searched to identify primary articles related to the aim of the review. Articles were included if published in English, from January 2008 through July 2019, and focused on a sporting MGE, mass-gathering health, EDs, as well as drug and alcohol related presentations.Results:Seven papers met the criteria for inclusion with eight individual sporting MGEs reported. The patient presentation rate (PPR) to in-event health services ranged from 0.18/1,000 at a rugby game to 41.9/1,000 at a recreational bicycle ride. The transport to hospital rate (TTHR) ranged from 0.02/1,000 to 19/1,000 at the same events. Drug and alcohol related presentations from sporting MGEs contributed up to 10% of ED presentations. Alcohol was a contributing factor in up to 25% of cases of ambulance transfers.Conclusions:Drug and alcohol intoxication has varying levels of impact on PPR, TTHR, and ED presentation numbers depending on the type of sporting MGE. More research is needed to understand if drug and alcohol intoxication alone influences PPR, TTHR, and ED presentations or if it is multifactorial. Inconsistent data collection and reporting methods make it challenging to compare different sporting MGEs and propose generalizations. It is imperative that future studies adopt more consistent methods and report drug and alcohol data to better inform resource allocation and care provision.
Feeding and developmental outcomes of infants in a South African community
Authors: Eales Bronwyn , Krüger Esedra , Graham Marien , van der Linde Jeannie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
Prevalent environmental risk factors place infants in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) at an increased risk for feeding and developmental difficulties.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the relationship between feeding and developmental outcomes in infants, as early feeding difficulties may have a cascading effect on developmental outcomes and vice versa.

Methods:
Data on 144 infants’ feeding and development [mean age (standard deviation) = 8.8 months (2.2)] from a primary health care clinic in Gauteng, South Africa were retrospectively analysed.

Results:
Early introduction of cup feeding was found to be a predictor of possible expressive language and articulation difficulties. Gagging, spitting, or vomiting, pocketing, the use of force feeding, and poor sucking and chewing abilities were significantly associated with behavioural and social–emotional difficulties. Breastfeeding was found to be a protective factor for language development. The results emphasise the importance of primary prevention and early identification of risks in late infancy in LMIC.
The Incidence of Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Pregnancy After Single Blastocyst Embryo Transfer and Zygosity: 8 Years of Single-Center Experience
Authors: Konno Hiroko , Murakoshi Takeshi , Miura Kiyonori , Masuzaki Hideaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies after single blastocyst embryo transfer have been reported recently, although a blastocyst ovum is generally believed to divide into monochorionic twin pregnancy. We investigated the incidence of DCDA twin pregnancy after single blastocyst embryo transfer and their zygosity. This prospective cohort study included 655 consecutive twin pregnancies that were managed from 2006 to 2014 at our institution. Chorionicity and amnionicity were determined using first-trimester ultrasonography and/or placental pathology. Zygosity was analyzed if the cases were DCDA twins after single blastocyst embryo transfer. Among 655 twin pregnancies, there were 348 DCDA cases, 295 monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) cases and 12 monochorionic monoamniotic cases. Single blastocyst embryo transfer was performed in 43 cases. Six out of the 43 (14%) cases involved DCDA twin pregnancies and the other 37 cases involved MCDA twin pregnancies. Three DCDA twins born after single blastocyst embryo transfer, wherein frozen embryo transfer (FET) was performed in the natural cycle, were dizygotic, and the other three cases, wherein FET with hormone replacement therapy was performed, were monozygotic. DCDA twin pregnancy occurred in 14% (7% for monozygotic and 7% for dizygotic) of twin pregnancies after single blastocyst embryo transfer cases.
Long-Term Stability of Cortisol Production and Metabolism Throughout Adolescence: Longitudinal Twin Study
Authors: van Keulen Britt J. , Dolan Conor V. , Andrew Ruth , Walker Brian R. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Rotteveel Joost , Finken Martijn J. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLife-course experiences have been postulated to program hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity, suggesting that HPA axis activity is, at least partially, stable over time. Yet, there is paucity of data on the long-term stability of cortisol production and metabolism. We performed a prospective follow-up study in twins recruited from a nationwide register to estimate the stability of cortisol production and metabolism over time, and the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to this stability. In total, 218 healthy mono- and dizygotic twins were included. At the ages of 9, 12 and 17 years, morning urine samples were collected for assessment (by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) of cortisol metabolites, enabling the calculation of cortisol metabolite excretion rate and cortisol metabolism activity. Our results showed a low stability for both cortisol metabolite excretion rate (with correlations <.20) and cortisol metabolism activity indices (with correlations of .25 to .46 between 9 and 12 years, −.02 to .15 between 12 and 17 years and .09 to .28 between 9 and 17 years). Because of the low stability over time, genetic and environmental contributions to this stability were difficult to assess, although it seemed to be mostly determined by genetic factors. The low stability in both cortisol production and metabolism between ages 9 and 17 years reflects the dynamic nature of the HPA axis.
Effects of competition from California weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) biotypes on a cultivated rice variety
Authors: Karn Elizabeth , De Leon Teresa , Espino Luis , Al-Khatib Kassim , Brim-DeForest Whitney 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWeedy rice is an emerging problem of cultivated rice in California. Infestations of weedy rice in cultivated rice result in yield loss and reduced grain quality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate growth and yield components of a widely grown cultivated rice variety in California in response to weedy rice competition. Greenhouse competition experiments in an additive design were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to determine the growth and yield components of ‘M-206’ rice and five weedy rice biotypes found in California at varying weed densities. M-206 rice initially grew at a faster relative growth rate of 0.53 cm−1 wk−1 under competitive conditions compared with 0.47 cm−1 wk−1 in the absence of weedy rice, but absolute and relative growth rates declined more rapidly under competitive conditions as plants approached maturity. At harvest, M-206 plant height was reduced 13% under competitive conditions, and M-206 tiller number was reduced 23% to 49%, depending on the weedy rice biotype it was competing with. Except for 100-grain weight, the growth traits and grain yield components of M-206 rice were reduced with increasing density of weedy rice. At the highest weed density measured, 40 plants m−2, M-206 rice had yield losses of 69% grain yield plant−1, 69% panicle weight, 59% fresh and dry biomass, 55% grain yield panicle−1, and 54% panicle number. The five evaluated weedy rice biotypes varied widely in early growth rates, height, biomass production, and grain yield, indicating differing competitive strategies. Most weedy rice biotypes produce plants with greater plant height, tiller number, panicle number, and above- and below-ground biomass compared with cultivated rice. Weedy rice biotypes produced 45% to 57% higher grain yield per plant than M-206 rice under competitive conditions.
Pulsated Global Hydrogen and Methane Flux at Mid‐Ocean Ridges Driven by Pangea Breakup
Authors: Merdith Andrew S. , del Real Pablo García , Daniel Isabelle , Andreani Muriel , Wright Nicky M. , Coltice Nicolas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMolecular hydrogen production occurs through the serpentinization of mantle peridotite exhumed at mid‐ocean ridges. Hydrogen is considered essential to sustain microbial life in the subsurface; however, estimates of hydrogen flux through geological time are unknown. Here we present a model of the primary, abiotic production of molecular hydrogen from the serpentinization of oceanic lithosphere using full‐plate tectonic reconstructions for the last 200 Ma. We find significant variability in hydrogen fluxes (1–70 • 1016 mol/Ma or 0.2–14.1 • 105 Mt/Ma), which are a function of the sensitivity of evolving ocean basins to spreading rates and can be correlated with the opening of key ocean basins during the breakup of Pangea. We suggest that the primary driver of this hydrogen flux is the continental reconfiguration during Pangea breakup, as this produces ocean basins more conducive to exhuming and exposing mantle peridotite at slow and ultraslow spreading ridges. Consequently, present‐day flux estimates are ~7 • 1017 mol/Ma (1.4 • 106 Mt/Ma), driven primarily by the slow and ultraslow spreading ridges in the Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic oceans. As methane has also been sampled alongside hydrogen at hydrothermal vents, we estimate the methane flux using methane‐to‐hydrogen ratios from present‐day hydrothermal vent fluids. These ratios suggest that methane flux ranges between 10 and 100% of the total hydrogen flux, although as the release of methane from these systems is still poorly understood, we suggest a lower estimate, equivalent to around 7–12 • 1016 mol/Ma (1.1–1.9 • 106 Mt/Ma) of methane.
Seismic P Wave Velocity Model From 3‐D Surface and Borehole Seismic Data at the Alpine Fault DFDP‐2 Drill Site (Whataroa, New Zealand)
Authors: Lay V. , Buske S. , Bodenburg S. B. , Townend J. , Kellett R. , Savage M. K. , Schmitt D. R. , Constantinou A. , Eccles J. D. , Bertram M. , Hall K. , Lawton D. , Gorman A. R. , Kofman R. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe New Zealand Alpine Fault is a major plate boundary that is expected to be close to rupture, allowing a unique study of fault properties prior to a future earthquake. Here we present 3‐D seismic data from the DFDP‐2 drill site in Whataroa to constrain valley structures that were obscured in previous 2‐D seismic data. The new data consist of a 3‐D extended vertical seismic profiling (VSP) survey using three‐component and fiber optic receivers in the DFDP‐2B borehole and a variety of receivers deployed at the surface. The data set enables us to derive a detailed 3‐D P wave velocity model by first‐arrival traveltime tomography. We identify a 100–460 m thick sediment layer (mean velocity 2,200 ± 400 m/s) above the basement (mean velocity 4,200 ± 500 m/s). Particularly on the western valley side, a region of high velocities rises steeply to the surface and mimics the topography. We interpret this to be the infilled flank of the glacial valley that has been eroded into the basement. In general, the 3‐D structures revealed by the velocity model on the hanging wall of the Alpine Fault correlate well with the surface topography and borehole findings. As a reliable velocity model is not only valuable in itself but also crucial for static corrections and migration algorithms, the Whataroa Valley P wave velocity model we have derived will be of great importance for ongoing seismic imaging. Our results highlight the importance of 3‐D seismic data for investigating glacial valley structures in general and the Alpine Fault and adjacent structures in particular.
Quantifying the Impact of Excess Moisture From Transpiration From Crops on an Extreme Heat Wave Event in the Midwestern U.S.: A Top‐Down Constraint From Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Water Vapor Retrieval
Authors: Souri Amir H. , Wang Huiqun , González Abad Gonzalo , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe primary focus of this study is to understand the contribution from excess moisture from crop transpiration to the severity of a heat wave episode that hit the Midwestern U.S. from 16 to 20 July 2011. To elucidate this, we first provide an optimal estimate of the transpiration water vapor flux using satellite total column water vapor retrievals whose accuracy and precision are characterized using independent observations. The posterior transpiration flux is estimated using a local ensemble transform Kalman filter that employs a mesoscale weather model as the forward model. The new estimation suggests that the prior values of transpiration flux from crops are biased high by 15%. We further use the constrained flux to examine the sensitivity of meteorology to the contributions from crops. Over the agricultural areas during daytime, elevated moisture (up to 40%) from crops not only increases humidity (thus the heat index) but also provides a positive radiative forcing by increasing downward longwave radiation (13 ± 4 W m−2) that results in even higher surface air temperature (+0.4 °C). Consequently, we find that the elevated moisture generally provides positive feedback to aggravate the heat wave, with daytime enhancements of heat index by as large as 3.3 ± 0.8 °C. Due to a strong diurnal cycle in the transpiration, the feedback tends to be stronger in the afternoon (up to 5 °C) and weaker at night. Results offer a potential basis for designing mitigation strategies for the effect of transpiration from agriculture in the future, in addition to improving the estimation of canopy transpiration.
Adherence to the WCRF/AICR 2018 recommendations for cancer prevention and risk of cancer: prospective cohort studies of men and women
Authors: Kaluza Joanna , Harris Holly R. , Håkansson Niclas , Wolk Alicja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
In 2018, the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) issued revised recommendations for cancer prevention. We examined the relation between adherence to these recommendations and risk of total cancer in two population-based Swedish prospective cohorts (29,451 men and 25,349 women).

Methods
Standardized-WCRF/AICR 2018 and simplified-WCRF/AICR 2018 adherence scores were constructed based on the WCRF/AICR recommendations for body weight, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption and dietary supplement use. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results
During the 15.4 years of follow-up, 12,693 incident cancers were ascertained. The multivariable HR between extreme categories of the Standardized-WCRF/AICR 2018 score (4.1–7 vs. 0–2) was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.82–0.95) and for the Simplified score (5–8 vs. 0–2) was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.80–0.90); each 1-score increment in recommendation adherence was associated with 3% (95% CI = 1–5%) and 4% (95% CI = 2–5%) decreased risk, respectively. Based on the Simplified scoring, most participants (>90%) did not meet WCRF/AICR 2018 recommendations regarding consumption of plant foods, limited consumption of red/processed meat and ‘fast food’/processed food, and <50% of participants met the weight and physical activity recommendations.

Conclusions
Adherence to the 2018WCRF/AICR recommendations substantially reduced the risk of total cancer. Given that many people do not meet the recommendations, there is a great potential for cancer prevention.
A pocket-escaping design to prevent the common interference with near-infrared fluorescent probes in vivo
Authors: Xing Panfei , Niu Yiming , Mu Ruoyu , Wang Zhenzhen , Xie Daping , Li Huanling , Dong Lei , Wang Chunming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNear-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are among the most attractive chemical tools for biomedical imaging. However, their in vivo applications are hindered by albumin binding, generating unspecific fluorescence that masks the specific signal from the analyte. Here, combining experimental and docking methods, we elucidate that the reason for this problem is an acceptor (A) group-mediated capture of the dyes into hydrophobic pockets of albumin. This pocket-capturing phenomenon commonly applies to dyes designed under the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) principle and, therefore, represents a generic but previously unidentified backdoor problem. Accordingly, we create a new A group that avoids being trapped into the albumin pockets (pocket-escaping) and thereby construct a NIR probe, BNLBN, which effectively prevents this backdoor problem with increased imaging accuracy for liver fibrosis in vivo. Overall, our study explains and overcomes a fundamental problem for the in vivo application of a broad class of bioimaging tools.
Rigidity enhances a magic-number effect in polymer phase separation
Authors: Xu Bin , He Guanhua , Weiner Benjamin G. , Ronceray Pierre , Meir Yigal , Jonikas Martin C. , Wingreen Ned S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCells possess non-membrane-bound bodies, many of which are now understood as phase-separated condensates. One class of such condensates is composed of two polymer species, where each consists of repeated binding sites that interact in a one-to-one fashion with the binding sites of the other polymer. Biologically-motivated modeling revealed that phase separation is suppressed by a “magic-number effect” which occurs if the two polymers can form fully-bonded small oligomers by virtue of the number of binding sites in one polymer being an integer multiple of the number of binding sites of the other. Here we use lattice-model simulations and analytical calculations to show that this magic-number effect can be greatly enhanced if one of the polymer species has a rigid shape that allows for multiple distinct bonding conformations. Moreover, if one species is rigid, the effect is robust over a much greater range of relative concentrations of the two species.
Incorporation of clinical and biological factors improves prognostication and reflects contemporary clinical practice
Authors: Murthy Rashmi K. , Song Juhee , Raghavendra Akshara S. , Li Yisheng , Hsu Limin , Hess Kenneth R. , Barcenas Carlos H. , Valero Vicente , Carlson Robert W. , Tripathy Debu , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe developed prognostic models for breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) that consider anatomic stage and other important determinants of prognosis and survival in breast cancer, such as age, grade, and receptor-based subtypes with the intention to demonstrate that these factors, conditional on stage, improve prediction of BCSS. A total of 20,928 patients with stage I–III invasive primary breast cancer treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1990 and 2016, who received surgery as an initial treatment were identified to generate prognostic models by Fine-Gray competing risk regression model. Model predictive accuracy was assessed using Harrell’s C-index. The Aalen–Johansen estimator and a selected Fine–Gray model were used to estimate the 5-year and 10-year BCSS probabilities. The performance of the selected model was evaluated by assessing discrimination and prediction calibration in an external validation dataset of 29,727 patients from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). The inclusion of age, grade, and receptor-based subtype in addition to stage significantly improved the model predictive accuracy (C-index: 0.774 (95% CI 0.755–0.794) vs. 0.692 for stage alone, p < 0.0001). Young age (<40), higher grade, and TNBC subtype were significantly associated with worse BCSS. The selected model showed good discriminative ability but poor calibration when applied to the validation data. After recalibration, the predictions showed good calibration in the training and validation data. More refined BCSS prediction is possible through a model that has been externally validated and includes clinical and biological factors.