bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Analysis of Spatiotemporal Expression Patterns During Rice Leaf Development
Authors: Miya Masayuki , Yoshikawa Takanori , Sato Yutaka , Itoh Jun-Ichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Rice leaves consist of three distinct regions along a proximal-distal axis, namely the leaf blade, sheath, and blade-sheath boundary region. Each region has a unique morphology and function, but the genetic programs underlying the development of each region are poorly understood. To fully elucidate rice leaf development and discover genes with unique functions in rice and grasses, it is crucial to explore genome-wide transcriptional profiles during the development of the three regions.Results: In this study, we performed microarray analysis to profile the spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression in the rice leaf using dissected parts of leaves sampled in broad developmental stages. The dynamics in each region revealed that the transcriptomes changed dramatically throughout the progress of tissue differentiation, and those of the leaf blade and sheath differed greatly at the mature stage. Cluster analysis of expression patterns among leaf parts revealed groups of genes that may be involved in specific biological processes related to rice leaf development. Moreover, we found novel genes potentially involved in rice leaf development using a combination of transcriptome data and in situ hybridization, and analyzed their spatial expression patterns at high resolution. We successfully identified multiple genes that exhibit localized expression in tissues characteristic of rice or grass leaves.Conclusions: Although the genetic mechanisms of leaf development have been elucidated in several eudicots, direct application of that information to rice and grasses is not appropriate due to the morphological and developmental differences between them. Our analysis provides not only insights into the development of rice leaves but also expression profiles that serve as a valuable resource for gene discovery. The genes and gene clusters identified in this study may facilitate future research on the unique developmental mechanisms of rice leaves.
Ferritin is associated with the severity of lung involvement but not with worse prognosis in patients with COVID-19: data from two Italian COVID-19 Units.
Authors: Carubbi Francesco , Salvati Lia , Alunno Alessia , Maggi Fabio , Borghi Erika , Mariani Rinalda , Mai Francesca , Paoloni Maurizio , Ferri Claudio , Desideri Giovambattista , Cicogna Sabrina , Grassi Davide 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is characterised by a heterogeneous clinical presentation, a complex pathophysiology and a wide range of imaging ﬁndings, depending on disease severity and time course. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of hospitalized patients with proven SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical signs of COVID-19 and computed tomography (CT) scan-proven pulmonary involvement, in order to identify relationships between clinical, serological, imaging data and disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Clinical and serological records of patients admitted to two COVID-19 Units of the Abruzzo region in Italy with proven SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary involvement investigated with CT scan, assessed at the time of admission to the hospital, were retrospectively evaluated.Sixty-one patients (22 females and 39 males) of median age 65 years were enrolled. Fifty-six patients were discharged while death occurred in 5 patients. None of the lung abnormalities detected by CT was different between discharged and deceased patients. No differences were observed in the features and extent of pulmonary involvement according to age and gender. Logistic regression analysis with age and gender as covariates demonstrated that ferritin levels over the 25th percentile were associated with the involvement of all 5 pulmonary lobes (OR=14.5, 95% CI=2.3-90.9, p=0.004), the presence of septal thickening (OR=8.2, 95% CI=1.6-40.9, p=0.011) and the presence of mediastinal lymph node enlargement (OR=12.0, 95% CI=1.1-127.5, p=0.039) independently of age and gender.We demonstrated that ferritin levels over the 25th percentile are associated with a more severe pulmonary involvement, independently of age and gender and not associated with disease outcomes. The identification of reliable biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 may help guiding clinical decision, tailoring therapeutic approaches and ultimately improving the care and prognosis of patients with this disease.
Care Burden and Coping Strategies Among Caregivers of Paediatric HIV/AIDS in Northern Uganda: A Cross-sectional Mixed-method Study
Authors: Mujjuzi Ibrahim , Mutegeki Paul , Nabuwufu Sarah , Wosukira Ashim , Namata Fazirah , Alayo Patience , Amanya Sharon Bright , Nyeko Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Family caregivers provide the bulk of care to children living with HIV. This places an enormous demand and care burden on the caregivers, who often struggle to cope in various ways, some of which may be maladaptive. This may adversely affect their quality of care. Very few literatures exist in resource-limited contexts on the burden of care experienced by caregivers on who children living with HIV/AIDS depend for their long term care. We assessed care burden and coping strategies among the caregivers of paediatric HIV/AIDS patients in Lira district, northern Uganda. Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 caregivers of paediatric HIV patients attending ART clinic at a tertiary healthcare facility in Lira district, northern Uganda. Consecutive sampling method was used to select participants for the quantitative study, while 15 respondents were purposively sampled for the qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected using standard interviewer-administered questionnaires while in-depth interview guides were used to collect qualitative data. Data were entered, cleaned, and analysed using SPSS version 23. Qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: Majority of the caregivers 65.5% (74) experienced mild to moderate burden. The mean burden scores significantly differed by caregivers’ age ( P =0.017), marital status ( P =0.017), average monthly income ( P =0.035) and the child’s school attendance ( P =0.039). Accepting social support, seeking spiritual support and reframing were the three most commonly used strategies for coping. Marital status and occupation were respectively positively and negatively correlated with information seeking as a coping strategy, while monthly income was positively correlated with psychosocial support as a strategy. Seeking community support was negatively correlated with the duration of the child's care. Conclusions: Our findings show that care burden is a common problem among the caregivers of children living with HIV in the study context.
Electroencephalogram&nbsp;Dynamics&nbsp;of Etomidate-Induced Loss of Consciousness
Authors: Gu Erwei , Zhang Lei , Fan Shunqin , Zhang Jiawei , Fang Kun , Wang Lei , Cao Yuanyuan , Chen Lijian , Liu Xuesheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHighly structured electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations can occur in adults during etomidate-induced general anesthesia, but the link between these two phenomena is poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the relationship between the neurological mechanism of etomidate-induced loss of consciousness (LOC) and electroencephalogram dynamics of etomidate-induced loss of consciousness.MethodsEtomidate-induced anesthesia was performed on eligible patients undergoing elective surgery. We analyzed EEG data from 20 patients who received etomidate for the induction of general anesthesia. We used power spectra and coherence methods to process and analyze the EEG data.ResultsCompared with the baseline (awake period), etomidate induced an increase in power in each band during loss of consciousness. Compared with the awake period, the delta-wave (1–4 Hz) coherence increased significantly during loss of consciousness, while the slow-wave (<1Hz) coherence decreased.ConclusionsThe neural circuit mechanism of etomidate-induced loss of consciousness is closely related to the induction of oscillation in each EEG band and is closely related to the enhancement of delta-wave, alpha-wave, and theta-wave coherence.Trial registration﻿ChiCTR1800017110.
Regional Anesthesia For Postdural Puncture Headache (PDPH): A New Solution For An Old Problem? A Systemic Review.
Authors: Giaccari Luca Gregorio , Coppolino Francesco , Aurilio Caterina , Esposito Valentina , Pace Maria Caterina , Passavanti Maria Beatrice , Pota Vincenzo , Sansone Pasquale 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the earliest recognized complications of regional anesthesia. It is a common complication after inadvertent dural puncture. When conservative management is ineffective, the Epidural Blood Patch (EBP) is the “gold standard” for the treatment of PDPH. Due to the potential complications of EBP, several alternatives have been promoted as peripheral nerve blocks.A systematic review of the use of regional anesthesia for PDPH is needed to identify an alternative method of pain management.Objectives: To systematically review literature to establish the efficacy and applicability of regional anesthesia used in the treatment of PDPH in the hospital setting.Methods: Embase, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Trials Register were systematically searched in May 2020 for studies examining regional anesthesia for PDPH. The methodological quality of the studies and their results were appraised using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist and specific measurement properties criteria, respectively.Results: Nineteen studies evaluating peripheral nerve blocks for PDPH were included for a total of 221 patients. Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB), greater occipital nerve block (GONB) and lesser occipital nerve block (LONB) were performed. All participants reported NRS lower than 4 after peripheral nerve blocks at 1, 24 and 48 hours. Only patients who experienced PDPH after diagnostic lumbar puncture reported NRS ≥ 4 after 48 hours. No adverse event was reported after the execution of nerve blocks, except an occasionally discomfort related to the insertion of cotton-tip applicators intranasally for SPGB. 17% of patients underwent a second or more peripheral nerve block due to uncontrolled pain. In 30 participants, EBP was required; none of cases followed spinal anesthesia.Conclusion: Peripheral nerve blocks can be considered as analgesic options in the management of PDPH, as not all cases require EBP for successful treatment. Treatment of PDPH with peripheral nerve blocks seems to be a minimal invasive, easy and effective method, which can offer to patients when conservative management is ineffective.
Assessing the Usability of Complex Psychosocial Interventions: The Intervention Usability Scale
Authors: Lyon Aaron R , Pullmann Michael D. , Jacobson Jedediah , Osterhage Katie , Achkar Morhaf Al , Renn Brenna N. , Munson Sean A. , Areán Patricia A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Usability – the extent to which an intervention can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction – is a key determinant of implementation success. However, few instruments have been developed to measure the design quality of complex health interventions (i.e., those with several interacting components). This study evaluated the structural validity of the Intervention Usability Scale (IUS), an adapted version of the well-established System Usability Scale (SUS) for digital technologies, to measure the usability of a leading complex psychosocial intervention, Motivational Interviewing (MI), for behavioral health service delivery in primary care. Prior SUS studies have found both one- and two-factor solutions, both of which were examined in the current study of the IUS.Method. A survey administered to 136 medical professionals from 11 primary care sites collected demographic information and IUS ratings for MI, the evidence-based psychosocial intervention that primary care providers reported using most often for behavioral health service delivery. Factor analyses replicated procedures used in prior research on the SUS.Results. Analyses indicated that a two-factor solution (with “usable” and “learnable” subscales) best fit the data, accounting for 54.1% of the variance. Inter-item reliabilities for the total score, usable subscale, and learnable subscale were α = .83, α = .84, and α = .67, respectively.Conclusions. This study provides evidence for a two-factor IUS structure consistent with some prior research, as well as acceptable reliability. Implications for implementation research evaluating the usability of complex health interventions are discussed, including the potential for future comparisons across multiple interventions and provider types, as well as the use of the IUS to evaluate the relationship between usability and implementation outcomes such as feasibility.
Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of sequential therapy with sorafenib and regorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hong Young Mi , Yoon Ki Tae , Cho Mong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Regorafenib has shown promising results as a second-line therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who progressed on sorafenib. Although several data regarding the efficacy of sequential therapy with sorafenib and that of regorafenib in real-life, specific inflammation markers for predicting the prognosis have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate prognostic value of systemic inflammatory markers in patients with HCC who received sorafenib-regorafenib sequential therapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical data of patients who received regorafenib for the treatment of HCC after sorafenib failure. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the factors associated with survival.Results: A total of 58 patients who received at least one dose of regroafenib and fulfilled the eligibility criteria, good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] 0-1) and preserved liver function (Child-Pugh-A), were included in the analysis. The median PFS was 3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.981-5.019) and the median OS was 8 months (95% CI=5.761–10.239). Elevated systemic immune-inflammation index (SII ≥340) was independently associated with poor OS. In multivariate analysis, the SII (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.211, 95% CI = 1.089-4.489, P = 0.028) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (HR = 2.750, 95% CI = 1.259-6.010, P = 0.011) were independent predictors of OS.Conclusion: Elevated SII is associated with poor OS in patients with HCC who received sequential therapy with sorafenib and regorafenib. In addition, when selecting a treatment strategy, the SII can be used in combination with the AFP level as a promising prognostic tool for HCC.
Assessment of mortality in correlation with comorbidities in COVID-19 patients of Telangana state.
Authors: Mesipogu Rajarao , Adeula Vinayasekhar , Bingi Thrilok Chander , Kammili Nagamani , Manolla Madhavilatha , Maurya Akhilesh Kumar , Kalakuntla Hemanth , Rao Krothapalli Tushara , Vyshnavi Jamalapuram , Thomas Winnie , Sudarsi Ravindra Kumar , I Shyamsundar Raju , Vanamala Shivaprasad , Pandharpurkar Deepak , Billa Seshadri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The mortality data of COVID cases around the world has less explored in relation to comorbidities.The dogma/question to be answered is that the virus perse resulting or any comorbidities contributing to such frightened deaths.The aim of the study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 201 deceased from Telangana. We retrospectively collected all consecutive death cases with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection admitted from March to mid-June at Gandhi Hospital the nodal centre designated for COVID-19 in Telangana. Clinical history, comorbidities, laboratory findings and treatment were recorded for each patient.Results A total of 15394 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 test were admitted at Isolation wards between March 2020 and June 2020 and 253 death cases were reported till the submission of this paper. The mean age of death is 57.0 ys in our study, 40.7% (88) deaths were above 60 years and 71.4% (147) were male. Several comorbid conditions existed with COVID-19 death cases among which hypertension being the most common comorbidity (60.1%). Lymphopenia was observed in 46% cases while lymphopenia with comorbidity was recorded in 63% cases.Conclusion In this retrospective study, most of the COVID‐19 deceased patients were elderly male aged with an age range from 50-60 yrs and above. Mortality rate and severity are higher in males than females. Our study indicated the importance of understanding comorbid conditions in COVID‐19 cases especially Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus as they were more likely succumb to death.
Polarization-transparent silicon photonic add-drop multiplexer with wideband hitless tuneability
Authors: Morichetti Francesco , Milanizadeh Maziyar , Petrini Matteo , Zanetto Francesco , Ferrari Giorgio , Aguiar Douglas Oliveira de , Guglielmi Emanuele , Sampietro Marco , Melloni Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Flexible optical networks require reconfigurable devices with operation on a wavelength range of several tens of nanometers, hitless tuneability (i.e. transparency to other channels during reconfiguration), and polarization independence. All these requirements have not been achieved yet in a single photonic integrated device and this is the reason why the potential of integrated photonics is still largely unexploited in the nodes of optical communication networks. Here we report on a fully-reconfigurable add-drop silicon photonic filter, which can be tuned well beyond the extended C-band (almost 100 nm) in a complete hitless (>35 dB channel isolation) and polarization transparent (1.2 dB polarization dependent loss) way. This achievement is the result of blended strategies applied to the design, calibration, tuning and control of the device. Transmission quality assessment on dual polarization 100 Gbit/s (QPSK) and 200 Gbit/s (16-QAM) signals demonstrate the suitability for dynamic bandwidth allocation in core networks, back-haul networks, intra- and inter-datacenter interconnects.
× Pseudorhiza nieschalkii (Senghas) P.F.Hunt nothosubsp. siculorum H.Kertész &amp; N.Anghelescu, 2020 A Intergeneric Orchid Hybrid New to Science
Authors: Angelli) Nora Anghelescu (aka Nora De , KERTÉSZ Hajnalka , Constantin Nicoleta , SIMON-GRUIȚA Alexandra , CORNESCU Gerogiana DUȚĂ , POJOGA Maria D. , Georgescu Mihaela , Petra Sorina , Toma Florin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We describe the ﬁrst reported intergeneric hybrid to naturally occur between two subspecies belonging to different genera, Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. sooana (genus Dactylorhiza) and Pseudorchis albida subsp. tricuspis (genus Pseudorchis), as × Pseudorhiza nieschalkii (Senghas) P.F.Hunt nothosubsp. siculorum H.Kertész & N.Anghelescu, 2020. The hybrid was found and digitally photographed for the first time by Hajnalka Kertész in June, 2020, within Terra Siculorum, in one of the Natura 2000 protected areas, known as Harghita Mădăraș, ROSCI00090. Following detailed morphometric analysis using 67 characters and molecular karyological analyses, we identified this unique specimen as an intergeneric hybrid, new to science. The hybrid, an F1 generation plant, most likely representing a single intergeneric pollination event, is phenotypically intermediate between its parental species in most of the characters scored, but it significantly closely resembles Pseudorchis albida subsp. tricuspis parent. Since the parental species occurred in near proximity (1-10 meters distance), we suggest that the production of this hybrid required a minimum travel distance of ca 1-10 meters, by the pollinators and frequent exchange of pollen between the parental species was very likely.
Two-Effects-in-One: Kinetic Quantum and Molecular Sieving Effect in a Robust-Flexible [Th6Co2] Cage for both Isotope and Isomer Separation
Authors: Yin Mengjia , Krishna Rajamani , Wang Wenjing , Yuan Daqiang , Fan Yaling , Feng Xuefeng , Wang Li , Luo Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although molecular and quantum sieving (MS and QS) effects have been realized and employed to execute separation tasks, however, little is known about the coexistence of both effects in a compound and its corresponding structure. In this work, we show the first observation of coexistence of both quantum and molecular sieving effects in a [Th6Co2] cage-based compound (Th-Co-Cage-1). The [Th6Co2] cage shows 0.78 nm aperture but with an irregular crescent-like window. This allows [Th6Co2] cage to give ultrahigh uptake for hydrogen isotope and selectivity towards D2 over H2, leading to complete hydrogen isotope separation, as evidenced by experimental breakthrough test. When the size of guest molecule is more than the crescent-like window, a highly rare robust-flexible adsorption was observed, consequently leading to complete isomer separation for C4 and C6 isomers through molecular sieving effect. High thermal, water and chemical stability further supports the materials for practical separation application. The results open up a gate of material with coexistence of QS and MS effects and its fundamental design for superior separation application.
Genome-Wide association study identifies new elements on the genetic basis of quality-related traits in wheat across multiple environments
Authors: Pu Zhien , Ye Xueling , Li Yang , Liu Zehou , Shi Bingxin , Dai Shoufen , Jiang Yunfeng , Li Wei , Jiang Qiantao , Chen Guoyue , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Grain protein concentration (GPC), grain starch concentration (GSC), and wet gluten concentration (WGC) are complex traits that determine nutrient concentration, end-use quality, and yield in wheat. To identify the elite and stable loci or genomic regions conferring high GPC, GSC, and WGC, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on a mixed linear model (MLM) was performed using 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in a panel of 236 wheat accessions, including 160 commercial varieties and 76 landraces, derived from Sichuan Province, China. The panel was evaluated for GPC, GSC, and WGC at four different fields. Results: Phenotypic analysis showed variation in GPC, GSC, and WGC among the different genotypes and environments. GWAS identified 12 quantitative trait loci (QTL) (-log10(P) > 2.5) associated with these three quality traits in at least two environments and located on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5D, and 7D; the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by these QTL ranged from 4.2% to 10.7%. Among these, three, seven, and two QTL are associated with GPC, GSC, and WGC, respectively; five QTL (QGsc.sicau-1BL, QGsc.sicau-1DS, QGsc.sicau-2DL.1, QGsc.sicau-2DL.2, QWgc.sicau-5DL) were defined potentially novel Compared with the previously reported QTLs/genes by linkage or association mapping, 5 QTLs (QGsc.sicau-1BL, QGsc.sicau-1DS, QGsc.sicau-2DL.1, QGsc.sicau-2DL.2, QWgc.sicau-5DL) were potentially novel. Furthermore, 21 presumptive candidate genes, which are involved in the metabolism or transportation of all kinds of carbohydrates, photosynthesis, programmed cell death, the balance of abscisic acid and ethylene, within these potentially novel genomic regions were predicted. Conclusions: This study provided new genetic resources and valuable genetic information of nutritional quality to broaden the genetic background and laid the molecular foundation for marker-assisted selection in wheat quality breeding.