bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A theoretical exploration of non-State actors and gendered dimensions of conflict prevention/sustainable peacebuilding in West Africa
Authors: Omilusi Mike , Jegede Lucy Iyabo 
Published: October 2019

In countries rebuilding from war and violence, women are becoming important voices for peace, rights and inclusion. They are increasingly mobilizing across communities and using their social roles and networks to prevent violence and promote peace. Women individually and collectively contribute to peacebuilding in many ways. Yet, their contributions are often overlooked because they take unconventional forms, occur outside formal peace processes, or are considered extensions of women’s existing gender roles. Even when women do not reach formal positions of power, they have been at the forefront of impactful movements related to global peace and nonviolence. Thus, building inclusive, sustainable, peace in societies affected by violent conflicts requires analysing and addressing gendered power dynamics, as well as gender roles and expectations. This study, therefore, examines the role of non-state actors in conflict prevention, management, and peacebuilding in the West African Sub-region, and seeks to evaluate the relationship among civil society groups, regional and sub-regional organizations from a gender perspective. It specifically investigates the role of women in conflict transformation and peacebuilding and concludes that women must be allowed and encouraged to bring their unique insights and gifts to the process because women and men have different experiences of violence and peace.

Recebido em: abril/2018
Aprovado em: julho/2018
Pensando a anarquia de forma positiva: Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Authors: Mariutti Eduardo Barros 
Published: October 2019

O objetivo básico deste artigo é destacar alguns elementos básicos do pensamento de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon que podem ajudar no debate teórico nas Relações Internacionais. A aspecto mais saliente de sua visão é a caracterização da anarquia não como um problema ou uma condição a ser superada, mas como o modelo para uma sociedade livre. Este argumento, de interesse imediato para as RI, é uma derivação da sua visão peculiar sobre a imanência: toda sociedade é o produto da força, que engendra um conjunto dinâmico de antinomias que não podem ser superadas. Logo, não há um telos na história e nenhum princípio transcendente capaz de orientar a luta social emancipatória. Logo, a luta sistemática contra as tentativas de concentrar o poder consiste tanto no meio como no objetivo de quem quer construir uma sociedade composta por indivíduos livres.

Abstract: The basic purpose of this article is to highlight some basic elements of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon’s thought that can illuminate the theoretical debate in the International Relations. The most salient aspect of his view is the characterization of anarchy not as a problem or a condition to be overcome, but as the model for a free society. This argument, of immediate interest to IRs, is a derivation from its peculiar view of immanence: every society is the product of force, which engenders a dynamic set of antinomies that cannot be overcome. Therefore, there is no telos in history and no transcendent principle capable of guiding the emancipatory social struggle. Therefore, the systematic struggle against attempts to concentrate power is the main objective of those who want to build a society composed of free individuals.
Keywords: International Relations Theory; Anarchism; Anarchy.

Recebido em: maio/2018
Aprovado em: julho/2018
Sistema-mundo e movimentos antissistêmicos: uma análise crítica da Venezuela pós-Chávez
Authors: Pennaforte Charles , Oliveira Fabiana 
Published: October 2019

O trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise da realidade venezuelana sob o governo de Nicolás Maduro e sua capacidade de sobrevivência política frente aos inúmeros problemas que a Venezuela atualmente enfrenta, a saber: caos econômico, político e social. Após o período de atuação antissistêmica sob o governo Chávez, em meio a um contexto regional favorável, com governos ideologicamente próximos em diversos países da América Latina e, ao mesmo tempo, com um boom petrolero que permitiu o aumento da receita venezuelana, o país se defronta com um cenário totalmente adverso. No entanto, apesar de toda esta situação, o governo Maduro vem conseguindo manter o controle do país a despeito da grave crise econômica, de suaguinada autoritária e de uma oposição que, cada vez mais, parece apostar em saídas insurrecionais com o fim de aprofundar o isolamento do país. Convertido em uma questão regional, o conflito observado na Venezuela reflete a divisão que atualmente fratura toda a América Latina.

Abstract: This work´s objective is to make an analysis of the Venezuelan reality under Nicolás Maduro´s administration and his capacity of political survival in defiance of numerous problems currently faced by Venezuela, namely: the economic, political and social chaos. After the period of antisystemic performance under Chávez´s administration, in a favorable regional context, with ideologically close governments in several Latin American countries and, at the same time, with the petroleum boom that allowed Venezuelan income to increase, the country confronts a totally adverse scenario. However, despite this situation, Maduro´s administration has been able to maintain control of the country over the severe economic crisis, its authoritarian´s turn and the opposition, that increasingly seems to bet on insurrectional exits in order to deepen the country´s isolation. Converted into a regional issue, the conflict observed in Venezuela reflects the division that currently fractures the whole Latin America.
Key-words: Venezuela; Antisystemic movements; World-System Theory; Political crisis.

Recebido em: agosto/2018.Aprovado em: abril/2019.
Evolutionary Models for R Coronae Borealis Stars
Authors: Schwab Josiah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We use Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) to construct stellar evolution models that reach a hydrogen-deficient, carbon-rich giant phase like the R Coronae Borealis (R CrB) stars. These models use opacities from OPAL and ÆSOPUS that cover the conditions in the cool, H-deficient, CNO-enhanced envelopes of these stars. We compare models that begin from homogeneous He stars with models constructed to reproduce the remnant structure shortly after the merger of a He and a CO white dwarf (WD). We emphasize that models originating from merger scenarios have a thermal reconfiguration phase that can last up to

post-merger, suggesting some galactic objects should be in this phase. We illustrate the important role of mass loss in setting the lifetimes of the R CrB stars. Using asymptotic giant branch-like mass-loss prescriptions, models with CO WD primaries

typically leave the R CrB phase with total masses

, roughly independent of their total mass immediately post-merger. This implies that the descendants of the R CrB stars may have a relatively narrow range in mass and luminosity as extreme He stars and a relatively narrow range in mass as single WDs.
Reconstitution et mise en chauffe d’un four à chaux
Authors: Meloche Christophe 
Published: October 2019

La fouille en 2014 d’un grand four à chaux moderne dans le département du Jura a conduit des agents de l’Inrap à proposer en 2015 à l’équipe de Guédelon la construction d’un four à chaux, suivie par une expérience de cuisson pendant quatre jours. Un total de 1,5 tonne de chaux a été produit à partir d’un volume de calcaire estimé à 16 m3. Les observations sur la conduite de la cuisson et sur le comportement de la maçonnerie du four lors de sa montée en température nous ont permis d’envisager la fouille des fours à chaux de façon sensiblement différente et de reconsidérer l’interprétation de certains faits observés dans ces structures de combustion.
La cause palestinienne entre « parler musulman » et « parler chiite », ou les transformations des imaginaires politiques dans un village du Liban-Sud
Authors: Coëffic Khalila Aude 
Published: October 2019

Résumé : À partir d’une enquête ethnographique conduite auprès de partisans du Hezbollah dans un village du Liban-Sud, cet article questionne le travail de cadrage de la cause palestinienne par le Hezbollah libanais. Je montre que l’alignement de cadres autour de la sacralisation de la cause palestinienne a permis de désactiver les oppositions suscitées notamment par l’histoire de la présence palestinienne au Liban, avant d’interroger les transformations des imaginaires politiques suscitées dans la société partisane du Hezbollah par son engagement dans la guerre en Syrie.
CO2 and CH4 budgets and global warming potential modifications in Sphagnum-dominated peat mesocosms invaded by Molinia caerulea
Authors: Leroy Fabien , Gogo Sébastien , Guimbaud Christophe , Bernard-Jannin Léonard , Yin Xiaole , Belot Guillaume , Shuguang Wang , Laggoun-Défarge Fatima 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Plant communities play a key role in regulating
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in peatland ecosystems and therefore in their
ability to act as carbon (C) sinks. However, in response to global change, a
shift from Sphagnum-dominated to vascular-plant-dominated peatlands may occur, with a
potential alteration in their C-sink function. To investigate how the main
GHG fluxes (CO2 and CH4) are affected by a plant community change
(shift from dominance of Sphagnum mosses to vascular plants, i.e., Molinia caerulea), a mesocosm
experiment was set up. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration
(ER) and CH4 emission models were used to estimate the annual C balance
and global warming potential under both vegetation covers. While the ER and
CH4 emission models estimated an output of, respectively, 376±108 and 7±4 g C m−2 yr−1 in Sphagnum mesocosms, this reached 1018±362 and 33±8 g C m−2 yr−1 in mesocosms with
Sphagnum rubellum and Molinia caerulea. Annual modeled GPP was estimated at -414±122 and -1273±482 g C m−2 yr−1 in Sphagnum and Sphagnum + Molinia plots, respectively, leading
to an annual CO2 and CH4 budget of −30 g C m−2 yr−1 in
Sphagnum plots and of −223 g C m−2 yr−1 in Sphagnum + Molinia ones (i.e., a C sink).
Even if CH4 emissions accounted for a small part of the gaseous C efflux (ca. 3 %), their global warming potential value makes both plant
communities have a climate warming effect. The shift of vegetation from
Sphagnum mosses to Molinia caerulea seems beneficial for C sequestration at a gaseous level.
However, roots and litter of Molinia caerulea could provide substrates for C emissions that
were not taken into account in the short measurement period studied here.
Hillslope denudation and morphologic response across a rock uplift gradient
Authors: Godard Vincent , Hippolyte Jean-Claude , Cushing Edward , Espurt Nicolas , Fleury Jules , Bellier Olivier , Ollivier Vincent , Team ASTER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Documenting the spatial variability of tectonic processes from topography is routinely undertaken through the analysis of river profiles, as a direct relationship between fluvial gradient and rock uplift has been identified by incision models. Similarly, theoretical formulations of hillslope profiles predict a strong dependence on uplift rates. However, the reduced sensitivity of near-threshold hillslopes and the limited availability of high resolution topographic data, has often been a major limitation for their use to investigate tectonic gradients. Here we combined high resolution analysis of hillslope morphology and cosmogenic nuclides derived denudation rates to unravel the distribution of rock uplift across a blind thrust system at the Southwestern Alpine front in France. Our study is located in the Valensole Mio-Pliocene molassic basin, where a series of fold and thrust has deformed a plateau surface. We focused on a series of catchments aligned perpendicular to the main structures. Using a 1-m LiDAR Digital Terrain Model, we extracted hillslopes topographic properties such as hilltop curvature CHT or non-dimensional erosion rates E*. We observed a systematic variation of these metrics coincident with the location of a major underlying thrust system identified by seismic surveys. Using a simple deformation model, the inversion of the E* pattern allows to propose a location and dip for a blind thrust, which are consistent with available geological and geophysical data. We also sampled clasts from eroding conglomerate at several hilltops locations for 10Be and 26Al concentration measurement. Calculated hilltops denudation rates range from 40 to 120 mm/ka. These denudation rates appear to be correlated with E* and CHT extracted from the morphological analysis, and are used to derive absolute estimates for the fault slip rate.	This high resolution hillslope analysis allows to resolve short wavelength variations in rock uplift, that would not be possible to unravel using commonly used channel profiles based methods. Our joint analysis of topography and geochronological data supports active thrusting at the Southwestern alpine front, and such approaches may bring crucial complementary constraints to morphotectonic analysis for slip rates on slow active faults.
Seismic location and tracking of snow avalanches and slush flows on Mt. Fuji, Japan
Authors: Pérez-Guillén Cristina , Tsunematsu Kae , Nishimura Kouichi , Issler Dieter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Avalanches are often released at the dormant stratovolcano Mt. Fuji, which is the highest mountain of Japan (3776 m a.s.l.). These avalanches exhibit different flow types from dry-snow avalanches in winter to slush flows triggered by heavy rainfall in late winter to early spring. Avalanches from different flanks represent a major natural hazard as they can reach large dimensions with run-out distances up to 4 km, destroy parts of the forest, and sometimes damage infrastructure. To monitor the volcanic activity of Mt. Fuji, a permanent and dense seismic network is installed around the volcano. The small distance between the seismic sensors and the volcano flank (<10 km) allowed us to detect numerous avalanche events from the seismic recordings and locate them in time and space. We present the detailed analysis of three avalanche or slush flow periods in the winters of 2014, 2016, and 2018. The largest events (size class 4–5) are detected by the seismic network at maximum distances of about 15 km, and medium-size events (size class 3–4) within a radius of 9 km. To localize the seismic events, we used the automated approach of amplitude source location (ASL) based on the decay of the seismic amplitudes with distance from the moving flow. The recorded amplitudes at each station have to be corrected by the site amplification factors, which are estimated by the coda method using data from local earthquakes. Our results show the feasibility of tracking the flow path of avalanches and slush flows with considerable precision (on the order of magnitude of 100 m) and thus estimating information such as the approximate run-out distance and the average front speed of the flows, which are usually poorly known. To estimate the precision of the seismic tracking, we analyzed aerial photos of the release area and determined the flow path and run-out distance, estimated the release volume from the meteorological records, and conducted numerical simulations with Titan2D to reconstruct the dynamics of the flow. The precision as a function of time is deduced from the comparison with the numerical simulations, showing mean location errors ranging between 85 and 271 m. The average front speeds estimated seismically, which ranged from 27 to 51 m s−1, are consistent with the numerically predicted speeds. In addition, we deduced two scaling relationships based on seismic parameters to quantify the size of the mass flow events. Our results are indispensable for assessing avalanche risk in the Mt. Fuji region as seismic records are often the only available dataset for this natural hazard. The approach presented here could be applied in the development of an early-detection and location system for avalanches based on seismic sensors.
“Nature Shrieking” and Parasitic Wasps: Mark Twain, Theodicy, and the War of Nature
Authors: Bush Harold K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAfter Susy's untimely demise, Mark and Livy's near obsession with Tennyson's elegy “In Memoriam” was similar to that of many other bereaved parents of the era: it had become the preeminent “grieving book” of the nineteenth century. The poem powerfully captures the growing spiritual disillusionment and uncertainty of the century, and its depiction of the underlying violence of nature foreshadowed Darwin's “war of nature” metaphor in his book On the Origin of Species. This article proceeds into three areas of related interest: first, a brief genealogy of the war of nature metaphor and its use prior to Twain; second, a look at how this concept is manifested in various written works of his; and third, a brief look forward at how the war of nature metaphor has continued to be deployed in literary works after Mark Twain—especially by Cormac McCarthy.
Syntactic and cognitive issues in investigating gendered coreference
Authors: Ackerman Lauren 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a framework for how the multifaceted nature of “gender” (human and linguistic) interacts with grammatical operations such as coreference dependency formation. It frames the question through the lens of English, in which it focuses on how personal names and referents who identify as nonbinary can provide insight into the conceptual representations of gender. Additional data from a variety of modern languages supports a model of how gender might be cognitively represented such that the observed linguistic patterns are available. I propose a three-tiered model of gender that unites grammatical, cognitive, social, and biological aspects and describes how implications of this model might be tested in future work.
Evaluatieonderzoek, Big Data en Artificiële Intelligentie: een verkenning
Authors: Leeuw Frans L. 
Published: October 2019

Evaluatieonderzoek, Big Data en Artificiële Intelligentie: een verkenning
Overheidsbeleid heeft steeds meer te maken met digitalisering en data-ificering van de samenleving en het menselijk gedrag. Dat betekent uitdagingen voor beleidsevaluatoren. In dit artikel gaat het om éen van de daarmee gepaard gaande verschijnselen: Big Data en Artificiële Intelligentie (BD/AI). Het artikel stelt, na erop gewezen te hebben dat de evaluatieprofessie langere tijd niet erg actief op digitaal gebied is geweest, ten eerste de vraag wat BD/AI te bieden hebben aan evaluatieonderzoek van (digitaal) beleid. Vijf toepassingsmogelijkheden worden besproken die de kwaliteit, bruikbaarheid en relevantie van evaluatieonderzoek kunnen bevorderen. De tweede vraag is wat evaluatieonderzoek te bieden heeft, als het gaat om het analyseren/onderzoeken van de betrouwbaarheid, validiteit en enkele andere aspecten van Big Data en AI. Ook daar worden verschillende mogelijkheden (en moeilijkheden) geschetst. Naar het oordeel van de schrijver is het enerzijds dienstig (meer) gebruik te maken van BD/AI in evaluatieonderzoek, maar doen onderzoekers er ook goed aan (meer) aandacht uit te laten gaan naar: de assumpties die aan BD/AI ten grondslag liggen (inclusief het ‘black box’-probleem); de validiteit, veiligheid en geloofwaardigheid van algoritmes; de bedoelde en onbedoelde consequenties van het gebruik ervan; én de vraag of de claims dat digitale interventies die mede gebaseerd zijn op BD/AI effectief (of effectiever zijn dan andere), onderbouwd en valide zijn.
RELIGIÃO NEOPENTECOSTAL
Authors: Oliveira Geraldo Jose de 
Published: October 2019

RESUMO
Opropósitodesteartigoédiscutiracercadaefervescênciadofenômenoreligioso,
especialmentedasigrejascristãsdetendênciapentecostal,ofundamentalismono
trato com o texto sagrado, e os seus preconceitos com as demais convicções religiosas,
notadamenteasdematrizafricana.Ametodologiautilizadafoiométododedutivo
desenvolvidoatravésdapesquisabibliográficasobredoutrinaspertinentesaotema,
em artigosde periódicos,livros, capítulosde livrose informaçõesem meioeletrônico.
OsresultadosapontamqueReligiãonãocomportaconflitos,guerrasenemmortes,
porquetaisatitudescontradizopróprioconceitodacrençaqueantesdemaisnada,
visaaligaçãooureligaçãodohomemcomotranscendente.Naconcepçãodas
religiõessobretudoascristãs,ouderaízescristãs,aideiadeDeusemanaamorepaz
entre os seus.
Palavra-chave: Efervescência Religiosa. Pentecostalismo. Fundamentalismo.
Pluralismo religioso. Convivência na diferença.
Predicting the potential distribution of the endemic seabirdPelecanus thagusin the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem under different climate change scenarios
Authors: Cursach Jaime A. , Arriagada Aldo , Rau Jaime R. , Ojeda Jaime , Bizama Gustavo , Becerra Anderson 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe effects of global climate change on species inhabiting marine ecosystems are of growing concern, especially for endemic species that are sensitive due to restricted distribution. One method employed for determining the effects of climate change on the distribution of these organisms is species distribution modeling.MethodsWe generated a model to evaluate the potential geographic distribution and breeding distribution of the Peruvian pelican (Pelecanus thagus). Based on maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt), we identified the environmental factors that currently affect its geographic distribution and breeding. Then we predicted its future distribution range under two climate change scenarios: moderate (rcp 2.6) and severe (rcp 8.5).ResultsThe mean daytime temperature range and marine primary productivity explain the current potential distribution and breeding of the pelican. Under the future climate change scenarios, the spatial distribution of the pelican is predicted to slightly change. While the breeding distribution of the pelican can benefit in the moderate scenario, it is predicted to decrease (near −20 %) in the severe scenario.DiscussionThe current potential geographic distribution of the pelican is influenced to a large extent by thermal conditions and primary productivity. Under the moderate scenario, a slight increase in pelican breeding distribution is predicted. This increase in habitable area is explained by the climatic conditions in southern Chile, and those climatic conditions will likely be similar to the current conditions of the central coast of Chile. We predict that the coasts of southern Chile will constitute an important refuge for the conservation of the Peruvian pelican under future climate change scenarios.
The Catalytic, Enantioselective
F
avorskii Reaction: In Situ Formation of Metal Alkynylides and Their Additions to Aldehydes
Authors: Sempere Yeshua , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: October 2019

The enantioselective addition of a metal acetylide to a carbonyl compound, known as the enantioselective Favorskii reaction, is a versatile method for the construction of enantiomerically enriched propargylic alcohols. The scope of this reaction is broad in terms of both the alkyne and the carbonyl compound employed, and under appropriate conditions, aldehydes, ketones and α‐keto esters are efficient substrates. These reactions often proceed under mild, user‐friendly conditions, and several chiral ligands have been developed that furnish products with good enantioselectivities.
In this chapter, methods for accomplishing the enantioselective Favorskii reaction with various metal catalysts are discussed, as are the corresponding mechanisms. Also presented are the scope and limitations of the Favorskii reaction, and a selection of applications to the synthesis of complex molecules. A comparison of the Favorskii reaction with other methods that afford propargylic alcohol products is included.