bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision and Cognition: Findings from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India—Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia
Authors: Ehrlich Joshua , Chien Sandy , Lee Jinkook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vision impairment (VI) is associated with cognitive decline and dementia, however little research has been conducted in India. Using data from LASI-DAD, linear models tested the association of VI (better-seeing eye &lt;20/60) with cognitive domains including orientation, learning/memory, language, attention, and total cognition. Models were adjusted for age, sex, geographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. VI was significantly associated with lower orientation (β=-0.47, p&lt;.01), learning/memory (β=-4.6, p&lt;.01), attention (β=-1.6, p&lt;.01), and total cognition (β=-8.4, p&lt;.01), but not language (β=-0.14, p&lt;.1) scores. The association of VI with cognitive measures did not vary by sex. For each measure, VI was equivalent to 5-13 years of cognitive aging. In summary, VI is associated with poorer performance in most cognitive domains among older Indian adults. Longitudinal data are needed to determine directionality and causality. Since &gt;80% of VI in India is treatable, poor vision may represent a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia.
In-Home Video Telehealth for Caregivers and Veterans With Dementia
Authors: Gately Megan , Moo Lauren 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Home Video Telehealth offers a unique opportunity to support already burdened caregivers of persons with dementia. Veterans Health Administration, through the MISSION Act, is increasingly using video telehealth to provide “care at the right time and in the right place.” Little is known about the benefits and challenges of using video telehealth for in-home caregiver support. We present findings from our seven years offering in-home dementia management to caregivers of Veterans with dementia, that includes supporting caregivers through supportive listening, tips for communication and safety strategies, and recommendations regarding non-pharmacologic management of behaviors. Perceived benefits of in-home video telehealth include an ‘in vivo’ perspective of the family’s natural context and remediating barriers to care such as decreased mobility. Perceived challenges include dealing with technology and privacy concerns. By describing considerations for in-home video telehealth to a clinical population with unique care needs, we inform broader application of a promising technology.
Digital Technologies as a Means to Reducing Mental Health Disparities: The Role of Ethnicity, SES, and Geography
Authors: Kim Giyeon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This presentation discusses the importance of using digital technologies on reducing mental health disparities among older adults from diverse backgrounds. This talk primarily focuses on the role of ethnicity, socioeconomic status and geography. First, the speaker presents the current status of digital technology use among older adults and how different levels of digital technology use affect mental health disparities by ethnicity, SES, and place of residence. Second, the speaker introduces a recently funded government project on developing an IoT-based home system (Internet of Things) to screen mild cognitive function for Korean older adults. Lastly, the speaker discusses potential implications, as well as directions for future research on using digital technologies to reduce mental health disparities among diverse populations.
Cardiovascular Health, Functional Disability, and Leisure Activities Profiles in Relation to Mental Aging
Authors: Cadar Dorina , De Looze Celine , McGarrigle Christine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigated cardiovascular health, functional disability and leisure activities profiles independently and in relation to cognitive decline and dementia in high and low-medium income countries using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and Brazilian Bambui Cohort Study of Aging. Functional loss among older Brazilians has shown a hierarchical sequence over the 15-year follow-up, with the highest incidence in functional disability reported for dressing, followed by getting out of bed, bathing/showering, walking across a room, using the toilet and eating (de Oliveira). Using the Life’s Simple 7, an ideal cardiovascular health scoring system evaluating the muscular strength, mobility and physiological stress, we showed a reliable prediction of cognitive trajectories in a representative sample of Irish individuals (De Looze). Within the same cohort, we report discrepancies between men and women in functional decline driven by domestic tasks, rather than determining differential cognitive trajectories (McGarrigle). In an English representative sample, we found that participants with an increasing number of functional impairments over almost a decade were more likely to be classified with subsequent dementia compared with those with no impairments and this may imply a more comprehensive ascertainment during the prodromal stage of dementia (Cadar). In contrast, a reduced risk of dementia was found for individuals with higher levels of engagement in cognitively stimulating activities, that may preserve cognitive reserve until later in life (Almeida). Identifying factors that influence cognitive aging and dementia risk in a multifactorial perspective is critical toward developing adequate intervention and treatment.
Functional Impairments and Dementia Incidence in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Cadar Dorina , Llewellyn David , Batty G David , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Functional disability might be related to an increased risk of dementia or could represent a prodromal stage. We examined the occurrence of functional impairments over eight years follow-up and their association with dementia incidence in 1,666 participants aged 65+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Growth models with distal outcome were used to examine whether different trajectories of functional abilities (activities of daily living (ADL); and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)) between 2002/03 and 2010/11, were associated with dementia incidence four years later (2014/15). Participants with an increasing number of functional impairments (Class III), were more likely to be classified with subsequent dementia compared with those with no impairments (Class I). An increased risk was also observed for individuals with raised levels of impairments (Class II). We found IADLs more sensitive than ADLs, and this may imply a more comprehensive ascertainment during the prodromal stage of dementia.
A Social Justice Field Education Model for Addressing Isolation and Other Social Determinants of Behavioral Health
Authors: Bullock Karen , Stansbury Kim , Fitzpatrick David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Behavioral health and substance use disorders are significant problems among older adults who are experiencing homelessness. This presentation describes the components of a social work field education model for preparing practitioners to work effectively in community-based agencies using the Hartford Practicum Partnership in Aging Educational (HPPAE) model. A planned and systematic transition from one field setting to another with the goal of giving students a range of practice experiences with various service delivery systems to address social isolation and other social determinants of health. This exploration of demographic and social action factors that may impede or foster success among community-dwelling older adults offer insight and guidance for constructing a conceptual and theoretical model a social justice framework in geriatric social work practice and research.
The Unique Challenges and Contributions of Diverse Caregivers
Authors: Choula Rita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Caregiving in the U.S. 2020 oversampled African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and people over the age of 75. Six in ten caregivers report being non-Hispanic white, 17% are Hispanic, 14% non-Hispanic African-American or black, 5% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 3% some other race or ethnicity, including multiracial. The session will emphasize the unique context of diverse caregivers, including African American, Hispanic, Asian, and LGBT+ caregivers. The session will begin by discussing the portrait of the typical caregiver of each of these groups. It will follow with a discussion of the challenges facing diverse caregivers in the aggregate and the opportunities to recognize and support them across settings.
Challenges for Prevention of Elder Abuse in Japan: Viewpoints From Legal and Practice Settings
Authors: Thomas Cynthia , Kuo Tsuann 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This symposium begins by fist comparing features of the Japanese elder abuse prevention law to 3 other abuse prevention laws - child abuse, domestic abuse and abuse against people with disabilities. It highlights amendments that have been made to the child abuse and domestic abuse prevention laws since their enactment based on implementation experience, drawing contrast to the lack of amendments made to the elder abuse prevention law despite its three-year requirement for amendment review. Overall strengths and weaknesses of the elder abuse law are discussed including needed areas of revision. Second, a case study of nearly two decades of elder abuse prevention activities in Matsudo-city are presented and the subsequent enactment in April 2020 of a new regulation of the city is discussed. In addition, interim outcomes of a related research study in Matsudo-city on elder abuse involving non-caregivers for elderly people that will expand understanding of abuse prevention efforts are presented. Third, how can we abolish elder abuse in institutional settings will be discussed by analyzing elder abuse case studies. Finally, the most updated research outcomes conducted in in-home care service settings in 2020 will be presented. Its preliminary analyses revealed out of 1,417 responses, 2.9% were found to be ”body restraints.” Such abusive actions are less likely to be detected by others. The symposium concludes by assessing challenges for preventing elder abuse in policy and practice.
Using Applied Conversation Analysis in Medical Education
Authors: Halpin Sean , Roulston Kathryn , Konomos Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Successful implementation of patient medical education is contingent on the communication strategies used by nurses, patients, and caregivers. Applied conversation analysis (A-CA) is a sociological and linguistic technique aimed at understanding how interaction is accomplished. In this demonstration of A-CA, the authors draw on an 18-month iterative-formative evaluation of patient education that precedes autologous stem cell transplant for persons diagnosed with multiple myeloma (N=70), a type of cancer which disproportionately impacts older adults. In this study, patients and caregivers received supplemental education videos before their formal education session with a nurse coordinator. Using A-CA, we examined how nurses, patients, and caregivers orient toward the videos; including demonstrated knowledge by patients and caregivers. Nurses justified repeating topics from the videos. Through a focus on the function that language plays in sequences of interaction, it may be possible to determine strategies for improving patient education, and, consequently positively impact patient care..
Identifying Cost-Burdened Older Adults: What Is the Best Measure?
Authors: Scheckler Samara , Mawhorter Sarah , Molinsky Jennifer , Hermann Alex , Airgood-Obrycki Whitney 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
While affordable housing typically describes housing costs that fall within 30 percent of total income, older adult spending systematically differs from younger cohorts. For instance, budgets may skew away from mortgages and towards home modifications while medical or personal care expenses can drive monthly costs. This research uses the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to explore various older adult housing cost burden measures and identify their relative advantages. Measures of cost burden are applied to HRS respondents and different cost burdened groups are defined. The welfare of each group is then assessed using metrics such as unmet need and caregiver stress. Findings suggest that traditional cost burden measures identify many vulnerable older adults. However, other measures of cost burden can highlight older adults who are disproportionately impacted by medical cost. This research should help professionals better align the metric that defines their target population members with their policy area.
Evaluating an Integrated APS–Elder Advocate Intervention Model in the State of Maine
Authors: Burnes David , Connolly Marie-Therese , Kimball Patricia , Lewis Stuart , Salvo Erin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite recommendations to include a distinct intervention phase in Adult Protective Services (APS), most APS programs close cases following investigation/substantiation phases without engaging in a defined intervention phase. This study implements and evaluates a novel APS service planning/intervention model in the state of Maine. Using an experimental efficacy trial design with stratified random sampling at the level of Maine APS offices, this study compares standard APS care with an enhanced/integrated APS intervention model involving “elder advocates”. Advocates were trained in motivational interviewing, supported decision-making, teaming, restorative justice, and goal attainment scaling to develop capacity to work with both the older adult victim and perpetrator and to strengthen the family and social systems surrounding the victim-perpetrator dyad. This presentation will present results on the efficacy of this integrated APS/elder advocate model and discuss the challenges and successes in conducting elder abuse intervention research in collaboration with APS and APS clients. Part of a symposium sponsored by Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of Elderly People Interest Group.
My Neighborhood Is Fuzzy, Not Hard and Fast: A Mixed-Methods Study of Neighborhood Size Among Aging Americans
Authors: Finlay Jessica , Jang Joy Bohyun , Esposito Michael , Tang Sandra , Khan Anam , Clarke Philippa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this exploratory sequential mixed-methods study, interviews with 125 adults aged 55-92 living in the Minneapolis (Minnesota) metropolitan area suggest that neighborhood boundaries are “fuzzy”. Qualitative analysis of neighborhood perceptions identified race, mobility, driving status, social connections, housing insecurity, land use, urbanicity, and crime as key themes. Over 8,000 REGARDS participants (mean age 72) indicated how many blocks composed their neighborhoods (mean=9.9, SD=35.4). Linear regression models showed that being over the age of 85, white, less educated, lower income, less physically and cognitively healthy, and living outside of a metropolitan area significantly predicted smaller self-reported neighborhood sizes. Further, there was significant variation among participants residing in the same areas as other respondents. The mixed-methods results indicate that neighborhoods are fluid and dependent on a mix of personal and geographic factors. Findings inform the scale of environmental audits, place-based interventions, and community outreach programs targeting older adults.
Parks and Safety: How Cognitive Decline May Impact Access and Perception
Authors: Clarke Philippa , Esposito Michael , Jang Joy Bohyun , Tang Sandra , Khan Anam , Sylvers Dominique , Finlay Jessica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults’ perceptions of the presence and quality of neighborhood resources provide important information about the potential benefit of those resources but are not necessarily concordant with the actual physical resources available in that environment. There is debate about whether subjective perceptions of local context are more important for individual behavior and well-being than objective indicators of resources. However, little research has examined how cognitive function is related to differences in the perceived availability and quality of neighborhood resources among older adults. We found that subjective reports of neighborhood safety and adequacy of parks were positively associated with objective measures of property crime and park density. Cognitive function was associated with higher subjective neighborhood evaluations, but adults with lower cognitive function reported more discordance between objective and subjective measures of neighborhood resources. These findings inform how neighborhood resources may have different consequences for older adults experiencing cognitive decline.
Material Disadvantage and Positive Subjective Health of Older Homeless and Older Irish Travelers
Authors: Carroll Bridin , Walsh Kieran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Focusing on older Irish Travellers and older homeless people (OTOH) as two marginalised sub-sections of the older population, this paper investigates life-course and structural forms of material disadvantage, and its implications for positive health and accessing community care in older age. With growing interest in strengthening home care structures for older people, it is critical to interrogate the relevance of these structures for those who experience environmental uncertainty in later life, and possess significant trajectories of disadvantage. The analysis draws on 50 life-course interviews with OTOH aged between 50-72 years. The findings illustrate significant life-course experiences of material and multi-faceted forms of disadvantage, including stigma and discrimination, with implications across health and social lives. Housing deprivation was a multi-factorial player, causing certain physical illnesses, hindering some health treatments, and contributing to precarious conditions and sense of self worth. Findings are discussed in relation to flexible models of home care delivery.
Social Isolation and Loneliness: Develop a More Robust Evidence Base
Authors: Julianne Holt-Lunstad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper reviews the evidence base for the health impacts of SIL on older adults, the risk factors, and the potential moderators and mediators of those relationships. Substantial evidence indicates that SIL are associated with physical, cognitive, and psychological morbidity; health-related behaviors; and health-related quality of life. Social isolation in particular is associated with a significantly increased risk of premature mortality from all causes. The evidence base for interventions in the clinical setting is also reviewed. Finally, the report’s specific recommendations are discussed, including the need for basic science research, increased funding, key elements in the design and evaluation of interventions, and gap areas (including trends among current younger adults and approaches for specific understudied groups of at-risk older adults). Part of a symposium sponsored by Loneliness and Social Isolation Interest Group.
Amendments Made to the Older Americans Act Titles III, IV, and V
Authors: van Heumen Lieke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This presentation discusses amendments made to the Older Americans Act titles III, IV and V through the most recent reauthorization. Title III reauthorizes Title IV programs, Title IV reauthorizes title V programs and Title V reauthorizes title VI programs. The reauthorizations each include a seven percent increase in fiscal year 2020 and a six percent increase per year for the next four fiscal years. New in title III are an amendment that allows projects that address traumatic brain injury among older adults to be included in grant programs, an amendment that improves an existing transportation grant program and an amendment that improves an existing grant program for multigenerational collaboration. Additionally, existing falls prevention and chronic disease self-management programs are codified within title III. New in title IV is an amendment that allows eligible previously incarcerated individuals to be considered a prioritized population for the Senior Community Service Employment Program.
The Impact of Changes in Direct Care Staffing Policies and Outcomes for Assisted Living Residents With Dementia
Authors: Thomas Kali , Cornell Portia , Zhang Wenhan , Carder Paula , Smith Lindsey , Hua Cassandra , Rahman Momotazur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We identified a cohort of 410,413 Medicare beneficiaries residing in 10,623 large (25+bed) assisted living (AL) communities between 2007 and 2017. We conducted linear probability models with a difference-in-difference framework to examine the association between hospitalization and changes in regulations pertaining to staff training (model 1) and staffing levels (model 2), adjusting for time trends, resident characteristics, and state-license fixed effects. During this 11-year period, six states changed their staff training requirements and two states introduced/increased direct care staffing levels. A change in regulations related to staffing levels was associated with a reduction in the probability of hospitalization during the month of -0.0056 percentage points (95%CI=-0.008,-0.003). A change in regulations related to staff training was associated with a reduction in the probability of hospitalization during the month of -0.0035 percentage points (95%CI=-0.006,-0.002). The policy effects represent clinically important differences of approximately 21% in the mean monthly hospitalization rate. Part of a symposium sponsored by Assisted Living Interest Group.
The Political Economy of Aging Services in the United States Since the Aging Enterprise
Authors: Polivka Larry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Aging Enterprise was the first book length analysis of the origins and operations of the aging services system that grew out of the 1963 Older Americans Act and provided the first state system of community-based services. The book also featured an original critique of the aging services system based on an application of the theoretical perspectives that were new to social gerontology. This presentation will use one of these perspectives, the political economy of aging in the U.S., to chart changes in aging services systems since the publication of The Aging Enterprise. The presentation will show that Estes’ pioneering work on the application of the political economy perspective on aging policies and programs in the US, is more relevant to our understanding of these programs than it was 40 years ago, by describing and analyzing the increasing control of for profit corporations over the aging services systems. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Women's Issues Interest Group.
Intersectional Stigma and Barriers to Mental Health Among Older Adults With HIV in San Francisco
Authors: Nash Paul , Brennan-Ing Mark , Taylor Tonya , Karpiak Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For older adults with HIV, forms of privilege and oppression (racism, poverty, limited access to quality education, and inequalities in criminal justice system) intersect with stigmatized social identities (immigrant status, non-cisgender identity, sexual orientation, depression, and addiction) that may increase cumulative burden of psychological distress, contribute to poor clinical outcomes, and create disparities in health care utilization. Using survey and focus group data from the San Francisco ROAH 2.0 (Research on Older Adults with HIV) site, we explored how layered intersectional identities (minority affiliation, gender and sexual orientation), life experiences (immigration, trauma) and forms of systemic oppression (poverty, low educational attainment, and incarceration) impact the utilization of mental health supportive services. Immigrants, minority women, and heterosexual men had higher burdens of depression compared to their white counterparts. Similarly, inhabiting multiple stigmatized identities resulted in both low and variable levels of mental health care utilization, suggesting need for targeted intervention efforts.