bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it worthy to take full‐course immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis? About efficacy biomarker of allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Wenping , Yin Jinshu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNowadays, people pay more attention to biomarkers that can predict clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. As the only recognized aetiological treatment, the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been proved by many studies. However, treatment success depends on compliance and persistence greatly, which can be impaired by the lengthy duration of AIT and socioeconomic status of patients. Besides, ineffectiveness is another factor that accounts for non‐adherence. If the clinical efficacy can be predicted in the early stage of immunotherapy, it can help patients choose appropriate treatment plans, increase patient compliance and optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper mainly focuses on five candidate biomarkers, the sIgE/tIgE ratio before treatment, serum inhibitory activity for IgE, decreased basophil activation, upregulation of Tregs and tolerogenic DCs, reviews the time when potential biomarkers can predict or monitor the efficacy of AIT, discusses the reason why these indicators could serve as efficacy biomarkers and interactions among potential biomarkers.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a clinically effective anti‐CD2 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Sellberg Felix , Berglund David , Binder Christian , Hope James , Fontenot Jane , Griesemer Adam , Sykes Megan , Sachs David H. , Berglund Erik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody siplizumab and its rat parent monoclonal IgG2b antibody BTI‐322 are directed against the CD2 antigen. Siplizumab is species‐specific, reacting with human and chimpanzee cells but not with cells from any other species, including other non‐human primates. Because siplizumab treatment has recently shown great potential in clinical transplantation, we now present the results of our previous pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety studies of both antibodies. Fourteen chimpanzees received 1‐3 doses of 0.143 to 5.0 mg/kg iv The effects were followed with flow cytometry on peripheral lymphocytes and staining of lymph nodes. Side effects were recorded. Serum antibody concentrations were followed. Across the doses, a rapid, transient depletion of CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and NK cells was observed for both antibodies. Immune reconstitution was more rapid for BTI‐322 compared to siplizumab. Paracortical lymph node T cell depletion was moderate, estimated at 45% with doses of >0.6 mg/kg. Restoration of lymph node architecture was seen after two weeks to two months for all animals. All four subjects receiving BTI‐322 experienced AEs on the first dosing day, while the eight subjects dosed with siplizumab experienced few mild, transient AEs. Infusion with siplizumab and BTI‐322 resulted in rapid depletion of CD2+ cells in circulation and tissue. Siplizumab had a longer t1/2 and fewer AEs compared to BTI‐322.
Going Through Hell: Increased Work Effort in the Aftermath of Terrorism in Norway*
Authors: Hernæs Øystein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractI analyze how sickness‐absence behavior in Norwegian municipalities was affected by exposure to the terrorist attack in Norway in 2011. The main finding is that in municipalities from which a resident was killed in the attack, sickness absence declined by 4 percent compared with municipalities without victims. The effect is precise, stable, and persistent. The results do not seem to be driven by changing labor market composition. The effect is found also in neighboring municipalities and is larger for people close to the age of the victims.
Empathy to action: Child and adolescent out‐group attitudes and prosocial behaviors in a setting of intergroup conflict
Authors: Taylor Laura K. , O'Driscoll Dean , Dautel Jocelyn B. , McKeown Shelley 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper explored how to promote constructive intergroup relations among children and young people in a context of protracted conflict. Across two studies, the Empathy–Attitudes–Action model was examined in middle childhood and adolescence. More specifically, we tested the relations among dispositional empathy, out‐group attitudes, and prosocial behaviors for youth born after the peace agreement in Northern Ireland. In one correlational (Study 1: N = 132; 6–11 years old: M = 8.42 years, SD = 1.23) and one longitudinal design (Study 2: N = 466; 14–15 years old), bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that empathy was associated with more positive attitudes toward the conflict‐related out‐group, which in turn, was related to higher out‐group prosocial behaviors, both self‐report and concrete actions. Given that out‐group prosocial acts in a setting of intergroup conflict may serve as the antecedents for peacebuilding among children and adolescents, this study has intervention implications.
Balancing clinical capacity with learner numbers
Authors: Melvin J Kyle , Story Byerley Julie , Steiner Michael J , Steiner Beat , Dallaghan Gary L Beck 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe number of learners in clinical settings is increasing as health professions schools increase enrollment in order to develop the future workforce. Too many learners in clinics and hospital wards could create overcrowded conditions and diminish patient and learner experiences. Based on data gathered from a literature review, we identified challenges and solutions to address the increasing numbers of learners in clinical settings.ResultsHealth care provider workload, physical environment and clinical culture were challenges identified from the literature review. These identified constraints were corroborated by learner and expert reflections on their experiences.ConclusionAs the need for more health care providers increases, the number of learners in clinical settings poses a challenge. Innovative models to deliver care, an increasing role for learners, strategic patient scheduling and redesigning workspaces may mitigate problems. The recommendations suggested from this review may offer solutions that individual preceptors and organisations can implement.
Outcomes of solid organ transplant recipients with invasive aspergillosis and other mold infections
Authors: Farges Cédric , Cointault Olivier , Murris Marlène , Lavayssiere Laurence , Lakhdar‐Ghazal Shérazade , Del Bello Arnaud , Hebral Anne‐Laure , Esposito Laure , Nogier Marie‐Béatrice , Sallusto Federico , Iriart Xavier , Charpentier Elena , Guitard Joelle , Muscari Fabrice , Dambrin Camille , Porte Lydie , Kamar Nassim , Cassaing Sophie , Faguer Stanislas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the clinical presentation and outcomes of invasive mold infections (IMI) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.MethodsInclusion of all SOT recipients with IMI diagnosed between 2008 and 2016 at a referral center for SOT. Univariable analyses identified factors associated with death at one year, and logistic regression models retained independent predictors.ResultsOf the 1739 patients that received a SOT during this period, 68 developed IMI (invasive aspergillosis [IA] in 58). Cumulative incidence of IMI at 1 year ranged from 1.2% to 18.8% (kidney and heart transplantation, respectively). At baseline, compared with other IMI, the need for vasoactive drugs was more frequent in patients with IA. During follow‐up, 35 patients (51%) were admitted to the ICU and required mechanical ventilation (n = 27), vasoactive drugs (n = 31), or renal replacement therapy (n = 31). The need for vasoactive drugs (OR 7.34; P = .003) and a positive direct examination (OR 10.1; P = .004) were independently associated with the risk of death at 1 year in patients with IA (n = 33; 57%)ConclusionsCharacteristics of IMI at presentation varied according to the underlying transplanted organ and the mold species. Following IA, one‐year mortality may be predicted by the need for hemodynamic support and initial fungal load.
Carotenoids in the eyespot apparatus are required for triggering phototaxis in Euglena gracilis
Authors: Kato Shota , Ozasa Kazunari , Maeda Mizuo , Tanno Yuri , Tamaki Shun , Higuchi‐Takeuchi Mieko , Numata Keiji , Kodama Yutaka , Sato Mayuko , Toyooka Kiminori , Shinomura Tomoko 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCarotenoids are the most universal and most widespread pigments in nature. They have played pivotal roles in the evolution of photosensing mechanisms in microbes and of vision in animals. Several groups of phytoflagellates developed a photoreceptive organelle called the eyespot apparatus (EA) consisting of two separable components: the eyespot, a cluster of carotenoid‐rich globules that acts as a reflector device, and actual photoreceptors for photobehaviors. Unlike other algal eyespots, the eyespot of Euglenophyta lacks reflective properties and is generally considered to act as a shading device for the photoreceptor (paraflagellar body, PFB) for major photomovements. However, the function of the eyespot of Euglenophyta has not yet been fully proven. Here, we report that the blocking carotenoid biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis by suppressing the phytoene synthase gene (crtB) caused a defect in eyespot function resulting in a loss of phototaxis. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy suggested that EgcrtB‐suppressed cells formed eyespot globules but had a defect in the accumulation of carotenoids in those packets. Motion analysis revealed the loss of phototaxis in EgcrtB‐suppressed cells: a defect in the initiation of turning movements immediately after a change in light direction, rather than a defect in the termination of cell turning at the appropriate position due to a loss of the shading effect on the PFB. This study revealed that carotenoids are essential for light perception by the EA for the initiation of phototactic movement by E. gracilis, suggesting one possible photosensory role of carotenoids in the EA for the phototaxis.
Natural variation in the expression and catalytic activity of a naringenin 7‐O‐methyltransferase influences antifungal defenses in diverse rice cultivars
Authors: Murata Koichi , Kitano Takashige , Yoshimoto Riko , Takata Ryo , Ube Naoki , Ueno Kotomi , Ueno Makoto , Yabuta Yukinori , Teraishi Masayoshi , Holland Cynthia K. , Jander Georg , Okumoto Yutaka , Mori Naoki , Ishihara Atsushi 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPhytoalexins play a pivotal role in plant–pathogen interactions. Whereas leaves of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar Nipponbare predominantly accumulated the phytoalexin sakuranetin after jasmonic acid induction, only very low amounts accumulated in the Kasalath cultivar. Sakuranetin is synthesized from naringenin by naringenin 7‐O‐methyltransferase (NOMT). Analysis of chromosome segment substitution lines and backcrossed inbred lines suggested that NOMT is the underlying cause of differential phytoalexin accumulation between Nipponbare and Kasalath. Indeed, both NOMT expression and NOMT enzymatic activity are lower in Kasalath than in Nipponbare. We identified a proline to threonine substitution in Kasalath relative to Nipponbare NOMT as the main cause of the lower enzymatic activity. Expanding this analysis to rice cultivars with varying amounts of sakuranetin collected from around the world showed that NOMT induction is correlated with sakuranetin accumulation. In bioassays with Pyricularia oryzae, Gibberella fujikuroi, Bipolaris oryzae, Burkholderia glumae, Xanthomonas oryzae, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Pseudomonas syringae, and Acidovorax avenae, naringenin was more effective against bacterial pathogens and sakuranetin was more effective against fungal pathogens. Therefore, the relative amounts of naringenin and sakuranetin may provide protection against specific pathogen profiles in different rice‐growing environments. In a dendrogram of NOMT genes, those from low‐sakuranetin‐accumulating cultivars formed at least two clusters, only one of which involves the proline to threonine mutation, suggesting that the low sakuranetin chemotype was acquired more than once in cultivated rice. Strains of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon also exhibited differential sakuranetin accumulation, indicating that this metabolic diversity predates rice domestication.
Reform and opening up in the new era: China trade policy review
Authors: Luo Changyuan , Zhi Yan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews the major changes in China's trade policies in the last few years. During this period, the adjustment of trade policies has developed in the following ways: first, the establishment of free trade zones, which emphasises the importance of advanced systems rather than preferential policies; second, putting forward the “Belt & Road” Initiative, which indicates China's new stage of development from “bringing in” to “going out”; third, holding import expos, which marks an era when China's foreign trade development has shifted from focusing on exports only to focusing on both exports and imports; fourth, reducing entry barriers of foreign capital, which demonstrates that the policy framework for FDI has gradually changed from a positive list to a negative list; fifth, promoting trade negotiations, which reflects that China has actively participated in bilateral, regional and multilateral trade talks; and finally, building up new experimental fields of reform and opening up, which shows evidence that a new generation of special economic zones is emerging.
Nod‐like receptors are critical for gut–brain axis signalling in mice
Authors: Pusceddu Matteo M. , Barboza Mariana , Keogh Ciara E. , Schneider Melinda , Stokes Patricia , Sladek Jessica A. , Kim Hyun Jung D. , Torres‐Fuentes Cristina , Goldfild Lily R. , Gillis Shane E. , Brust‐Mascher Ingrid , Rabasa Gonzalo , Wong Kyle A. , Lebrilla Carlito , Byndloss Mariana X. , Maisonneuve Charles , Bäumler Andreas J. , Philpott Dana J. , Ferrero Richard L. , Barrett Kim E. , Reardon Colin , Gareau Mélanie G. 
Published: October 2019

Key points
Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (Nod)‐like receptors regulate cognition, anxiety and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation.
Nod‐like receptors regulate central and peripheral serotonergic biology.
Nod‐like receptors are important for maintenance of gastrointestinal physiology.
Intestinal epithelial cell expression of Nod1 receptors regulate behaviour.
AbstractGut–brain axis signalling is critical for maintaining health and homeostasis. Stressful life events can impact gut–brain signalling, leading to altered mood, cognition and intestinal dysfunction. In the present study, we identified nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (Nod)‐like receptors (NLR), Nod1 and Nod2, as novel regulators for gut–brain signalling. NLR are innate immune pattern recognition receptors expressed in the gut and brain, and are important in the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology. We found that mice deficient in both Nod1 and Nod2 (NodDKO) demonstrate signs of stress‐induced anxiety, cognitive impairment and depression in the context of a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. These deficits were coupled with impairments in the serotonergic pathway in the brain, decreased hippocampal cell proliferation and immature neurons, as well as reduced neural activation. In addition, NodDKO mice had increased gastrointestinal permeability and altered serotonin signalling in the gut following exposure to acute stress. Administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, abrogated behavioural impairments and restored serotonin signalling. We also identified that intestinal epithelial cell‐specific deletion of Nod1 (VilCre+Nod1f/f), but not Nod2, increased susceptibility to stress‐induced anxiety‐like behaviour and cognitive impairment following exposure to stress. Together, these data suggest that intestinal epithelial NLR are novel modulators of gut–brain communication and may serve as potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of gut–brain disorders.
Follistatin-like Protein 1 Inhibits Lung Cancer Metastasis by Preventing Proteolytic Activation of Osteopontin
Authors: Chiou Jean , Chang Yu-Chan , Tsai Hsing-Fang , Lin Yuan-Feng , Huang Ming-Shyan , Yang Chih-Jen , Hsiao Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) plays a critical role in lung organogenesis, but is downregulated during lung cancer development and progression. The prognostic significance and functional consequences of FSTL1 downregulation in lung cancer are unclear. Here, reduced levels of FSTL1 were detected in various tumors compared with normal tissues and were associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with non–small cell lung cancer, particularly those with lung adenocarcinoma. FSTL1 expression negatively correlated with the metastatic potential of lung cancer cells. Antibody-based neutralization of extracellular FSTL1 increased cellular migration/invasion while addition of recombinant FSTL1 protein diminished the metastatic capacity of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Notably, treatment with FSTL1 effectively prevented the metastatic progression of lung cancer cells in an orthotopic animal model. Mechanistically, FSTL1 directly bound to the proform of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1)/osteopontin, restraining proteolytic activation of SPP1, which led to inactivation of integrin/CD44-associated signaling and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Combined low expression of FSTL1 and high expression of SPP1 predicted a poorer prognosis for patients with lung cancer. This study highlights the novel interaction between FSTL1 and SPP1 and new opportunities to effectively target SPP1-driven metastatic cancers characterized by FSTL1 downregulation.

Significance:
These findings describe the novel interaction between FSTL1 and SPP1 and its role in the metastatic progression of lung adenocarcinoma.
Nos atos do #EleNão, corpos em movimento expressam símbolos e opiniões
Authors: Lemos Cândida Emília Borges , Oliveira Cássio Leonardo Amorin 
Published: October 2019

O movimento #EleNão saiu das redes sociais para as ruas em 29 de setembro de 2018, criado no grupo de Facebook Mulheres Unidas Contra Bolsonaro. Os atos contra o candidato à presidência da República englobaram amplo espectro político, realizados em 114 cidades. Manifestantes ostentavam cartazes e pinturas corporais alusivos aos objetivos da manifestação. Corpos em movimento a ganhar as ruas. Este artigo analisa, por meio da semiótica, dez fotos de manifestantes, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, que por sua vez foram veiculadas em redes sociais da internet. Nas fotos, o corpo, como mídia primária, ostenta roupas e adereços (mídias secundárias), que veiculavam demandas, em diálogo entre mídias primárias, secundárias e terciárias, segundo definição de Harry Pross, na construção do discurso político gestado na sociedade imagética.
Comunicação e militância no contexto étnico-racial brasileiro
Authors: Braga Alexandre Francisco 
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho é um Resumo Expandido ao IV Simpósio Internacional de Cultura e Comunicação na América Latina, tendo como foco alguns apontamentos sobre a participação da militância negra na I CONFECOM (Conferência Nacional da Comunicação), realizada entre os dias 14 e 17 de dezembro de 2009, em Brasília. Mostraremos como se deram as articulações da sociedade civil e dos movimentos sociais para impulsionar o avanço dessa pauta junto aos governos não só para, viabilizar o evento, mas uma posterior implementação das resoluções ali aprovadas. Como método de análise, consultamos os sítios das entidades sociais que compuseram a Comissão Organizadora Nacional, os documentos de opinião política das organizações não governamentais e consulta às 672 propostas aprovadas na Plenária Final do evento. É possível inferir que o País avançou pouco desde a realização desta CONFECOM, pois nosso contexto comunicativo mantém-se hermético, concentrado e exclusivo nas mãos de famílias empresariais.
Educação e televisão: contribuições para a formação e a emancipação humana a partir da metodologia freiriana
Authors: Santos Rafael Bertoldi dos , Maissiat Jaqueline 
Published: October 2019

À educação impende fomentar a formação e a autonomia intelectual do sujeito que, por sua vez, poderá intervir de maneira crítica sobre a realidade. Nesta perspectiva, temos como objetivo pensar uma metodologia de trabalho de ensino reflexivo entre professores e alunos do Ensino Médio, em ambientes de aprendizagem, a partir da criticidade sobre a produção da TV e seus indicadores sociais.
Resultados parciais apontam a necessidade de aprofundamento, tanto em relação à formação desse espectador, quanto às ferramentas de persuasão televisivas. Concluímos, por ora, a importância de desmistificar a universalidade das narrativas da TV numa perspectiva contra-hegemônica, que se concretizará numa formação de professores, onde será produzido e validado, coletivamente, um produto educacional.
Processos de legitimação e permanência no mercado de arte: uma análise da trajetória dos artistas Andy Warhol e Vik Muniz
Authors: Silva Cássia Pérez da , Marques Jane Aparecida 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo realiza estudos acerca do artista estadunidense Andy Warhol e do brasileiro Vik Muniz, tendo como hipótese que o último utiliza estratégias de difusão e permanência de mercado similares às praticadas por Warhol na década de 1960 e as aplica no contexto do mercado de arte brasileiro contemporâneo desde a década de 1990, ampliando essas práticas para o mercado global. São realizadas considerações referentes ao processo de legitimação dos artistas contemporâneos, levantando o debate de que os artistas o tornam um projeto legitimador que engloba uma rede em conjunto aos agentes culturais e ao público consumidor, visando demonstrar a consciência de mercado desenvolvida pelos artistas estudados.
Palavras-chave: mercado de arte, sistema das artes, processos de legitimação, Vik Muniz, Andy Warhol
Sr. Brasil e o lugar da música popular na televisão brasileira
Authors: Rizzo Carlos Eduardo Magnani 
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é elaborar uma reflexão que busque entender como se constitui o campo cultural na televisão brasileira a partir da análise do programa musical Sr. Brasil. Criado em 1981 pelo ator e compositor Rolando Boldrin, o programa estreou na TV Globo com o nome de Som Brasil, e desde então circulou por várias emissoras abertas de televisão, de forma interrupta, mudando de nome, mas mantendo o mesmo conceito de programa. Há 13 anos é exibido pela TV Cultura.
Utilizando a noção de campo e de mediação, vamos buscar entender em que lugar se encontra o programa Sr. Brasil na atual grade de programação da televisão brasileira e procurar conhecer como o programa constrói seus modelos simbólicos de arte, cultura e entretenimento.
Construções identitárias e TICs: o caso do blog “Blogueiras Negras”
Authors: Silva Thais Pereira da 
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a apropriação das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) pelas mulheres negras brasileiras, para a construção coletiva da identidade do grupo. O método de pesquisa utilizado no trabalho é análise de conteúdo. Dessa forma, o corpus de análise é composto pelos textos do blog colaborativo “Blogueiras Negras”, entre março de 2013 a dezembro de 2014.