bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA-seq analysis of galaninergic neurons from ventrolateral preoptic nucleus identifies expression changes between sleep and wake
Authors: Guo Xiaofeng , Gao Xiaoling , Keenan Brendan T. , Zhu Jingxu , Sarantopoulou Dimitra , Lian Jie , Galante Raymond J. , Grant Gregory R. , Pack Allan I. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies show that galanin neurons in ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO-Gal) are essential for sleep regulation. Here, we explored the transcriptional regulation of the VLPO-Gal neurons in sleep by comparing their transcriptional responses between sleeping mice and those kept awake, sacrificed at the same diurnal time. Results: RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed on eGFP(+) galanin neurons isolated using laser captured microdissection (LCM) from VLPO. Expression of Gal was assessed in our LCM eGFP(+) neurons via real time qPCR and showed marked enrichment when compared to LCM eGFP(-) neurons and to bulk VLPO samples. Gene set enrichment analysis utilizing data from a recent single-cell RNA-seq study of the preoptic area demonstrated that our VLPO-Gal samples were highly enriched with galanin-expressing inhibitory neurons, but not galanin-expressing excitatory neurons. A total of 263 genes were differentially expressed between sleep and wake in VLPO-Gal neurons. When comparing differentially expressed genes in VLPO-Gal neurons to differentially expressed genes in a wake-active neuronal region (the medial prefrontal cortex), evidence indicates that both systemic and cell-specific mechanisms contribute to the transcriptional regulation in VLPO-Gal neurons. In both wake-active and sleep-active neurons, ER stress pathways are activated by wake and cold-inducible RNA-binding proteins are activated by sleep. In contrast, expression of DNA repair genes is increased in VLPO-Gal during wakefulness, but increased in wake-active cells during sleep. Conclusion: Our study identified transcriptomic responses of the galanin neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus during sleep and sleep deprivation. Data indicate that VLPO contains mainly sleep-active inhibitory galaninergic neurons. The VLPO galanin neurons show responses to sleep and wake similar to wake-active regions, indicating these responses, such as ER stress and cold-inducible RNA-binding proteins, are systemic affecting all neuronal populations. Region-specific differences in sleep/wake responses were also identified, in particular DNA repair. Our study expands knowledge about the transcriptional response of a distinct group of neurons essential for sleep.
Two Nucleoporin98 homologous genes jointly participate in the regulation of starch degradation to repress senescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xiao Long , Jiang Shanshan , Huang Penghui , Chen Fulu , Wang Xu , Cheng Zhiyuan , Miao Yuchen , Liu Liangyu , Searle Iain , Liu Chunyan , Wu Xiaoxia , Fu Yong-Fu , Chen Qingshan , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Starch is synthesized during daylight for temporary storage in leaves and then degraded during the subsequent night to support plant growth and development. Impairment of starch degradation leads to stunted growth, even senescence and death. The nuclear pore complex is involved in many cellular processes, but its relationship with starch degradation has been unclear until now. We previously identified that two Nucleoporin98 genes (Nup98a and Nup98b) redundantly regulate flowering via the CONSTANS (CO)-independent pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The double mutant also shows severe senescence phenotypes. Results: We find that Nucleoporin 98 participates in the regulation of sugar metabolism in leaves and is also involved in senescence regulation in Arabidopsis. We show that Nup98a and Nup98b function redundantly at different stages of starch degradation. The nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant accumulates more starch, showing a severe early senescence phenotype compared to wild type plants. The expression of marker genes related to starch degradation is impaired in the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant, and marker genes of carbon starvation and senescence express their products earlier and in higher abundance than in wild type plants, suggesting that abnormalities in energy metabolism are the main cause of senescence in the double mutant. Addition of sucrose to the growth medium rescues early senescence phenotypes of the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 mutant. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for a novel role of the nuclear pore complex in energy metabolism related to growth and development, in which Nup98 functions in starch degradation to control growth regulation in Arabidopsis.
Efficacy of Surgical Revascularizations in Young and Middle-aged Patients with Symptomatic Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Wang Mingze , Liu Xingju , Cao Yong , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yuanli , Zhang Dong , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jizong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Treatments on middle cerebral arterial occlusions (MCAO) remain controversial. This study aims at investigating efficacies of surgical revascularizations in young and middle-aged patients (aged 18-65 y) with symptomatic MCAO, and making comparisons between surgical procedures.Methods: From a seven-year prospective consecutive registry, 115 cases were enrolled in this study. Patient individually received medical therapy alone (medical group, n=64) and medical therapy plus direct or indirect revascularization (surgical group, n=51). The secondary ischemic events (SIE) was defined as the primary outcome. SIE incidences and SIE-free survival rates were compared between groups. Risk factors were analyzed using the Cox regression analysis.Results: During a follow-up of 42.7 months on average, SIE occurred in 11cases of medical group and 10 cases of surgical group. SIE incidences were indifferent between groups (surgical:medical = 19.6%:17%, P=0.810, 95%CI 0.455-3.034). SIE incidences were 29.4% and 0% in direct revascularization subgroup and indirect revascularization subgroup, respectively. Indirect revascularization induced a higher SIE-free survival rate than direct revascularization (Log-rank P=0.015) and medical therapy (Log-rank P=0.044). An age>43y, with concomitant intracerebral arterial stenosis, and hyperlipidaemia history were correlated to the occurrence of SIE, while presences of compensatory arteries and taking antihypertensive drugs reduced risks of SIE.Conclusions: Indirect revascularization plus medical therapy was suggested to be more effective on SIE prevention than both medical treatments alone and direct revascularization plus medical therapy in young and middle aged patients with symptomatic MCAO. Direct revascularization was not recommended, for its similar efficacy to medical therapy alone.
Title: Incidence and risk factors of Postdural Puncture Headache: Prospective cohort study design
Authors: Weji Bedilu Girma , Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Melese Kidest Getu , Azeze Gedion Asnake 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Post-dural puncture headache is one of the complications following spinal anaesthesia and accidental dural puncture. Several modifiable risk factors contribute to the development of headache after lumbar puncture which includes needle size, needle design, direction of the bevel and number of lumbar punctures attempts. This study aimed to assess the incidence and risk of postdural puncture headache.Methods: This prospective cohort study design was conducted using a consecutive sampling method. Regular supervision and follow up were made. Data was entered in to Epi info version 7 software and transported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Odd ratio and 95% confidence interval was computed. The findings of the study were reported using tables, figures and narration. Variables that were found to be candidate (p value < 0.25) on binary logistic regression entered into a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of postdural puncture headache.Results: One hundred fifty eligible study participants were included in our study of which 28.67% had developed postdural puncture headache. This study found that needle size, number of CSF drops and multiple attempts as independent predictors of postdural puncture headache at significant level (p < 0.05). In addition, twenty five needle was identified as strongest pre-operative independent predictor with PDPH (AOR = 4.150, CI = 1.433- 12.021)Conclusions: Recent study revealed that small size spinal needle was much better to large size cutting spinal needle regarding the frequency of postdural puncture headache. Besides, frequent attempts during lumbar puncture and increased CSF leakage were associated with the events. In view of this, we recommend the use of small size spinal needle; avoid more leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and multiple attempts in spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture.
What Factors Contribute to High Mechanical Strength of Tabia? Case Study of the Tabia from Coastal Forts Sites at Zhejiang, China
Authors: Zhang Cuisong , Zhang Bingjian , Cui Biao , Lin Guocong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tabia is one of the most widely used construction materials in ancient China. In this work, the tabia samples from three coastal defense fort sites at Zhejiang Province, China, we analyzed to determine their component composition and physiochemical properties. The results show that these tabia samples exhibited high compressive strength, which could be as high as 4-9 MPa. Furthermore, the systematic analysis demonstrated that the high compressive strength was related to the following factors: 1) a suitable mass ratio of sand, lime, and clay; 2) an appropriate sand particle size ratio; and 3) the formation of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H). Moreover, sticky rice was also detected in the tabia samples. These findings are fundamentally important, which could be beneficial to further study of the craftsmanship of the coastal defense forts and could further provide essential guidance for the protection and restoration of the tabia relics.
Doktorlarda Mesleki Tükenmişlik Sendromuna Çalışma Yaşam Kalitesinin Etkisi
Authors: METE Burak , DEĞER Mehmet , PEHLİVAN Erkan 
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Tükenmişlik
sendromu sağlık çalışanlarında önemli bir sorundur. Bu
çalışma ile birinci ve ikinci basamak sağlık kurumlarında çalışan bir grup
doktorda çalışma yaşam kalitesi ve mesleki tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişkinin
tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma
2019 yılında Bingöl ilinde çalışan 119 doktor üstünde yapılmış kesitsel tipte
bir çalışmadır. Anket üç bölümden oluşmaktadır; sosyodemografik bölüm, Maslach
Tükenmişlik Ölçeği, Sağlık Çalışanlarında Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği. p&lt;0,05
önemli olarak kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Doktorlarda
duygusal tükenme sıklığının %23,5 duyarsızlaşma sıklığının %11,8’tir. olduğu
bulunmuştur. Kadın, hastanede çalışan,
nöbet tutan ve aylık 218 saatin üstünde çalışan doktorlarda duygusal
tükenmişliğinin daha fazla olduğu, duyarsızlaşmanın il merkezinde çalışanlarda,
nöbet tutanlarda ve aylık 218 saatin üstünde çalışanlarda daha fazla olduğu
bulunmuştur. İş kazası-mesleki hastalık riski, işyerinde ayrımcılık, iş yerinde
stres ve zaman baskısı arttıkça duygusal tükenmen ve duyarsızlaşma artmaktadır.
İşyerinde sürekli gelişme ve iyileştirme fırsatları, sosyal entegrasyon
artarken duygusal tükenme ve duyarsızlaşma azalmakta ve kişisel başarının
artmaktadır. Mesleki tükenmişliğe en fazla katkı yapan işle ilgili faktörünün
iş yerinde stres ve zaman baskısı değişkeni olduğu görülmüştür.

Sonuç:
Tükenmişliğe neden olan işle ilgili faktörler; işyerinde stres ve zaman
baskısı, çalışma saatlerinin fazla olması ve vardiyalı çalışmadır.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Potential Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Disorders
Authors: Waghule Tejashree , Rapalli Vamshi Krishna , Gorantla Srividya , Saha Ranendra Narayan , Dubey Sunil Kumar , Puri Anu , Singhvi Gautam 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Skin diseases affect all the age groups of people and have an impact on patients’ physical,
mental, and emotional status. Conventional topical preparation is limited with its efficacy due to low permeation,
frequent application, and poor adherence to the therapy for prolong time.

Objective:
The objective of this review article is to address the emerging trends of nanotechnology derived lipidic
carrier systems for an effective treatment for skin disorders.

Methodology:
Various research and review articles from reputed international journals were referred and compiled.

Results and Discussion:
opical drug delivery systems were found to be more effective than oral and parenteral
drug delivery systems for treating skin diseases due to targeted localized applications with reduced side effects.
Lipid-based nanoparticles have been found to have the potential in treating skin diseases due to the biocompatibility
and the versatility of the lipids. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have gained much attention in treating
skin diseases due to improved stability of the drugs, enhanced skin permeation, retention, and better therapeutic
efficacy. The review summarizes the NLCs characteristics and their application for topical delivery of various
therapeutics in skin disorders. NLCs have shown great potential in effective drug delivery for the treatment of
psoriasis, dermatitis, bacterial infections, and skin cancer. Its cosmetic application has opened a new area for
skincare. Furthermore, safety and clinical status revealed its future commercial acceptability.

Conclusion:
NLCs have been found as effective lipid nanocarriers for the delivery of topical therapeutics.
Using Alendronic Acid Coupled Fluorescently Labelled SM Liposomes as a Vehicle for Bone Targeting
Authors: Medina Oula P. , Medina Tuula P. , Humbert Jana , Qi Bao , Baum Wolfgang , Will Olga , Damm Timo , Glüer Claus 
Published: June 2020

Background:
We recently developed a liposomal nanoparticle system that can be used for drug delivery
and simultaneously be monitored by optical or photoacoustic imaging devices. Here we tested the efficacy of
alendronate as a homing molecule in SM-liposomes for bone targeting.

Methods:
Alendronate was immobilized covalently on the liposomal surface and the fluorescent dye indocyanine
green was used as a payload in the liposomes. The indocyanine green delivery was analyzed by 3D optical tomography,
optical fluorescence scanner, photoacoustic imaging, and by ex-vivo biodistribution studies.

Results:
The results show that the alendronate, coupled to the liposomal surface, increases sphingomyelin containing
liposome targeting up to several-folds.

Conclusion:
The alendronate targeted liposomes open possibilities for an application in active bone targeting.
An Overview on Various Approaches and Recent Patents on Buccal Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Targhotra Monika , Chauhan Meenakshi K. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Buccal delivery is an alluring course of organization for fundamental medication conveyance
and it leads direct access to the systemic flow through the interior jugular vein sidesteps drugs from the
hepatic first-pass digestion gives high bioavailability.

Objective:
This article aims at buccal medication conveyance by discussing the structure and condition of the oral
mucosa and the novel strategies utilized in evaluating buccal medication ingestion.

Methods:
This review highlights the various pharmaceutical approaches for buccal delivery such as buccal tablets,
buccal lozenges, buccal micro/nanoparticle, wafer and semisolid dosage forms like chewing gums, buccal
patch, buccal gel or ointment and some buccal liquid dosage forms like buccal solutions and buccal sprays and
recent patents filed or granted for these approaches.

Results:
Recently, some patents are also reported where a combination of various approaches is being employed
to achieve very effective mucosal delivery. The various patent search sites were used to collect and analyze the
information on buccal drug delivery systems.

Conclusion:
The present study provides valuable information, advantages, limitations and future outlook of various
buccal drug delivery systems.
Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Haihong , Xiang Xiuying , Li Dandan , Shen Su , Li Xingang 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) study found that ticagrelor plus
aspirin (TA) was more effective than clopidogrel plus aspirin (CA), without an increase in the risk of massive
bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data from other studies indicate that
the conclusion is controversial with the results obtained by PLATO.

Aim:
To investigate the efficacy and safety of TA, compared with CA, in patients with acute coronary syndrome
(ACS) after PCI.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to
compare the efficacy and safety of CA and TA treatment in patients with ACS after PCI. The endpoints were
major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), death, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, and bleeding
events. The data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software, and the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95%
confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The standards of reporting were in accordance with the PRISMA
guidelines.

Results:
13 studies with a total of 58,062 patients were included in this study with a subgroup analysis of the
European/American and Asian populations. In terms of effectiveness for MACEs, the European, American and
Asian populations benefitted more from the TA treatment than the CA treatment (European and American populations,
OR = 0.82, P = 0.0002; Asian, OR = 0.66, P<0.0001; total, OR = 0.78, P<0.0001). In terms of specific
effectiveness indicators, such as stroke, MI, and stent thrombosis, the results of TA and CA groups in the European,
American, and Asian populations were not consistent. In terms of safety, there was no statistical difference
in total bleeding events between TA and CA treatments (OR = 1.19, P = 0.21). However, in the Asian population,
the incidence of total bleeding events (OR = 1.52, P = 0.0004) in the TA group was higher than that in the CA
group.

Conclusion:
The TA treatment in the European and American populations is more beneficial and safer than CA
treatment. However, although the Asian population has this benefit, the risk of bleeding is significantly increased
as well, and antiplatelet drugs should be chosen carefully.
The Role of Vitamin E in Breast Cancer Treatment and Prevention: Current Perspectives
Authors: de Oliveira Victor A. , Pereira Irislene C. , Nogueira Thaís R. , Martins Jorddam A. , Péres-Rodrigues Gilmara , de Jesus e Silva de Almendra Betânia , Silva Vladimir C. , Júnior Dalton D. , Leal Francisco L.T. , de Castro e Sousa Joáo M. , da Silva Felipe C.C. , de Carvalho Melo Cavalcanti Ana A. , de Azevedo Paiva Adriana 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Regarding the multifactorial etiology of breast cancer, food choices, as well
as dietary intake, are the main modified factors in cancer prevention. In this sense, understanding
molecular pathways involved in breast cancer proliferation can help determine the mechanisms of
action of organic compounds such as antioxidant vitamins that are known to protect against cancer.

Objective:
Assess the mechanism of action of vitamin E in breast cancer modulation, with emphasis
on important markers of tumor development.

Methods:
It is a systematic review carried out in PubMed and Web of Science databases, from the
last 5 years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The following terms were selected according to The
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): “breast cancer” OR “breast neoplasms”, “tocopherol” OR
“tocotrienols” OR “vitamin E”, as equated terms.

Results:
A total of 595 articles were found and 25 were selected according to inclusion criteria.
Vitamin E has been related to suppression/overexpression of important tumorigenic pathways,
mainly associated with proliferation, energy metabolism, chemosensitivity and invasion/metastasis.
Clinical studies of vitamin E supplementation are needed to assess the dose/response effect on breast
cancer patients.

Conclusion:
The safety of vitamin E supplementation is still controversial due to current studies design
available. However, when vitamin E is supplemented, the dose and therapeutic regimen must be
carefully decided, including the route of administration and breast cancer subtypes to enhance
desired effects and minimize unwanted side effects.
ESREEM: Efficient Short Reads Error Estimation Computational Model for Next-generation Genome Sequencing
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Sardaraz Muhammad , Mehmood Zahid , Khan Muhammad Saud 
Published: June 2020

Aims:
To assess the error profile in NGS data, generated from high throughput
sequencing machines.

Background:
Short-read sequencing data from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) are currently
being generated by a number of research projects. Depicting the errors produced by NGS
platforms and expressing accurate genetic variation from reads are two inter-dependent phases. It
has high significance in various analyses, such as genome sequence assembly, SNPs calling,
evolutionary studies, and haplotype inference. The systematic and random errors show incidence
profile for each of the sequencing platforms i.e. Illumina sequencing, Pacific Biosciences, 454
pyrosequencing, Complete Genomics DNA nanoball sequencing, Ion Torrent sequencing, and
Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Advances in NGS deliver galactic data with the addition of errors.
Some ratio of these errors may emulate genuine true biological signals i.e., mutation, and may
subsequently negate the results. Various independent applications have been proposed to correct
the sequencing errors. Systematic analysis of these algorithms shows that state-of-the-art models
are missing.

Objective:
In this paper, an effcient error estimation computational model called ESREEM is
proposed to assess the error rates in NGS data.

Methods:
The proposed model prospects the analysis that there exists a true linear regression
association between the number of reads containing errors and the number of reads sequenced. The
model is based on a probabilistic error model integrated with the Hidden Markov Model (HMM).

Result:
The proposed model is evaluated on several benchmark datasets and the results obtained are
compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.

Conclusions:
Experimental results analyses show that the proposed model efficiently estimates errors
and runs in less time as compared to others.