bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0979 Observational Analysis Of Juvenile Justice Sleep-wake Environment
Authors: Adornetti J P , Carlucci M , Crowley S J , Fleshman C M , Jobe S L , Wolfson A R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescence is associated with sleep regulatory changes that prompt sleep and circadian timing to shift later (delay). Poor quality, insufficient sleep, and misaligned sleep-wake schedules increase adolescents’ risk for physical and mental health consequences. Little data exists on potential sleep health risks and sleep-wake environments of juvenile justice facilities. This descriptive study examined the sleep-wake environment and daily schedules at juvenile detention and treatment centers in a Mid-Atlantic state.

Methods
Using our Sleep Justice Observational Checklist, researchers recorded number of windows in sleep and non-sleep areas, and number of beds in sleeping quarters. Illuminance was measured with a light meter during the daytime (standing, sitting, etc.) and averaged. Facility-level 24-hour schedules were obtained to determine youth’s daily routines during the observation period.

Results
In comparison to treatment centers, detention centers have earlier lights-on (MDet = 6:07 am, SDDet =:40 vs. MTreat = 6:54 am, SDTreat =:07, p = .04) and lights-off (MDet = 8:42 pm, SDDet =:36 vs. MTreat = 9:06 pm, SDTreat =:19, N.S.) times. Treatment center illuminance levels (M = 296.60 lux, SD = 150.30) were greater (brighter) compared to detention centers (M = 124.00 lux, SD = 60.40, p = .01). Per sleep area, treatment centers had more windows (MTreat = 7.84, SDTreat = 6.70 vs. MDet = 1.73, SDDet = .77, p = .02) and more beds (MTreat = 13.30, SDTreat = 14.00 vs. MDet = 1.46, SDDet = .96, p = .03) than detention centers.

Conclusion
Preliminary results indicate a variation in the sleep-wake environments and daily schedules in this sample of juvenile justice centers. Early lights-on and lights-off times can impose a higher risk for circadian misalignment in adolescents, though schedule consistency may reduce this risk. Ongoing data collection will help to further understand the sleep environment of adolescents in the juvenile justice system.

Support
Kolvenbach Research Grant, Loyola University Maryland
0980 Sleep And Activity Rhythms In Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Hartman A G , Smagula S F , Bendixen R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, progressive, neurological disorder with high rates of depression, anxiety, and attention issues. Rest-activity rhythm (RAR) disturbances are also associated with these co-morbidities in other populations. However, RAR patterns and timing have not been explored in DMD and could provide important information regarding mechanisms of sleep in which to intervene. To address this knowledge gap, we used wrist actigraphy to explore the timing of rest-activity rhythms in boys with and without DMD.

Methods
Boys aged 4-15 with DMD (n= 17) and age matched controls (n=17) wore an ActiGraph GT9X for ten consecutive days. We averaged activity counts each hour and computed Cohen’s d effect sizes and t-tests with Benjamini-Hochberg corrections. Extended cosine models were fit to derive RAR measures using custom R code.

Results
An overall delay in RAR timing was found in the DMD group due to three specific, large effect-size differences in RAR patterns. Boys with DMD were: (1) less active at 8AM and 9AM (e.g., at 9AM: d=-0.82, p=0.02, FDR=0.14); (2) more active from 10PM-midnight (e.g., at 11PM: d=1.1, p=0.003, FDR=0.07) and (3) more active at 4AM (d=0.74, p=0.04, FDR=0.14). Extended-cosine modeling showed that, while amplitude of activity was similar across groups (d=-0.29, p= 0.41), boys with DMD had later morning activity onset (d= 0.70, p= 0.05), later peak activity timing (d= 0.86, p= 0.02), and later evening activity offset (d= 0.96, p= 0.01).

Conclusion
A significant delay in activity was evident in the DMD group compared with controls. Although the mechanism causing this shift is currently unknown, delayed chronotypes have been linked to poor health outcomes like depression and anxiety in other populations. Further research should explore the causes and consequences of the RAR timing delays we observed and inform future care.

Support
Foundation to Eradicate Duchenne, PI: Bendixen, 1/1/2017-12/31/2019.
0997 The Sleep Disturbance Scale For Children In Youth With Tourette’S Disorder
Authors: Montalbano G E , Rozenman M , Peris T , Tan P , Piacentini J , Ricketts E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disturbance is common in youth with Persistent Tic Disorders (PTDs), including Tourette’s Disorder. However, studies elucidating the nature of sleep problems in PTDs are limited. The present study examines the types of sleep disturbance present in youth with PTDs relative to healthy controls, and investigates the relationship between sleep disturbance and tic severity.

Methods
Participants were 56 youth ages 8 to 17 (M=11.9, SD=2.86), including individuals with PTDs (n=27), and healthy controls (n=29). An interviewer evaluated psychiatric diagnosis using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule, and tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Parents rated sleep using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and tic severity using the Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ). Independent-samples t-tests and bivariate correlations were performed.

Results
Higher SDSC Total scores, t(30)=-3.74, p=.001) were found in youth with PTDs relative to healthy controls. Youth with PTDs endorsed elevated sleep disturbance with respect to: Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep, t(35)=-2.43, p=.02), Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders, t(37)=-3.04, p=.004), and Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, t(33)=-2.36, p=.02). No significant group differenceswere shown for Sleep Breathing Disorders, Disorders of Arousal, and Sleep Hyperhydrosis. There was a positive association between SDSC Total scores and YGTSS Total (p=.01, r=.56) and YGTSS Impairment scores (p= .03, r=.33). Finally, there was a positive relationship between SDSC Total and PTQ Total scores (p=.01, r=.61).

Conclusion
Findings suggest youth with PTDs are more likely to experience sleep disturbance than healthy children, particularly difficulties with sleep initiation and maintenance, abnormal movements during sleep, and daytime sleepiness. Further, there is a relationship between sleep disturbance and tic severity. Findings highlight the need for sleep screening and targeted sleep intervention in youth with PTDs.

Support
N/A
Average daily gain divergence in beef steers is associated with altered plasma metabolome and whole blood immune-related gene expression
Authors: Ogunade Ibukun M , McCoun Megan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the plasma amine/phenol- and carbonyl-metabolome and whole-blood immune gene expression profiles in beef steers with divergent average daily gain (ADG). Forty-eight Angus crossbred beef steers (21 days postweaning; 210 ± 8.5 kg of body weight) were fed the same total mixed ration ad libitum for 42 days with free access to water. After 42 days of feeding, the steers were divided into two groups of lowest (LF: n = 8) and highest ADG (HF: n = 8). Blood samples were taken from all steers. The blood samples from LF and HF steers were used for further analysis. A subsample of the whole blood was immediately transferred into RNA-protect tubes for RNA extraction and messenger RNA expressions of 84 genes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Another subsample of the whole blood was immediately centrifuged to harvest the plasma for subsequent metabolome analysis. The average daily dry matter intake of the steers in LF and HF was 6.08 kg ± 0.57 and 6.04 kg ± 0.42, respectively, and was similar between the two groups (P = 0.72). The ADG (1.09 kg ± 0.13) of LF was lower (P = 0.01) than that of HF (1.63 kg ± 0.20). The expressions of 10 immune-related genes were upregulated (FC ≥ 1.2; P ≤ 0.05) in HF steers; these genes were involved in viral pathogen recognition and eradication, defense against intracellular and extracellular pathogens and parasites, and immune response homeostasis. A total number of 42 carbonyl-containing metabolites and 229 amine/phenol-containing metabolites were identified in the plasma samples of both groups. No alteration in carbonyl-metabolome was detected. Ten metabolites with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen-scavenging properties were greater (FDR ≤ 0.05) in HF steers, whereas eight metabolites including arginine, phenylalanine, guanidoacetic acid, and aspartyl-threonine were greater in LF steers. This study demonstrated that beef steers with divergent ADG had altered plasma amine/phenol metabolome and immune-related gene expressions in the blood. Notably, plasma metabolites and immune-related genes of great health benefits were greater in steers with high ADG.
Symptoms and Critical Illness Among Obstetric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection
Authors: Andrikopoulou Maria , Madden Nigel , Wen Timothy , Aubey Janice J. , Aziz Aleha , Baptiste Caitlin D. , Breslin Noelle , D'Alton Mary E. , Fuchs Karin M. , Goffman Dena , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Matseoane-Peterssen Dara N. , Miller Russell S. , Sheen Jean-Ju , Simpson Lynn L. , Sutton Desmond , Zork Noelia , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize symptoms and disease severity among pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, along with laboratory findings, imaging, and clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
Pregnant women with COVID-19 infection were identified at two affiliated hospitals in New York City from March 13 to April 19, 2020, for this case series study. Women were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection based on either universal testing on admission or testing because of COVID-19–related symptoms. Disease was classified as either 1) asymptomatic or mild or 2) moderate or severe based on dyspnea, tachypnea, or hypoxia. Clinical and demographic risk factors for moderate or severe disease were analyzed and calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Laboratory findings and associated symptoms were compared between those with mild or asymptomatic and moderate or severe disease. The clinical courses and associated complications of women hospitalized with moderate and severe disease are described.

RESULTS:
Of 158 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection, 124 (78%) had mild or asymptomatic disease and 34 (22%) had moderate or severe disease. Of 15 hospitalized women with moderate or severe disease, 10 received respiratory support with supplemental oxygen and one required intubation. Women with moderate or severe disease had a higher likelihood of having an underlying medical comorbidity (50% vs 27%, OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.26−6.02). Asthma was more common among those with moderate or severe disease (24% vs 8%, OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.26−9.75). Women with moderate or severe disease were significantly more likely to have leukopenia and elevated aspartate transaminase and ferritin. Women with moderate or severe disease were at significantly higher risk for cough and chest pain and pressure. Nine women received ICU or step-down–level care, including four for 9 days or longer. Two women underwent preterm delivery because their clinical status deteriorated.

CONCLUSION:
One in five pregnant women who contracted COVID-19 infection developed moderate or severe disease, including a small proportion with prolonged critical illness who received ICU or step-down–level care.
IDIOPATHIC PENETRATION OF CILIA INTO THE POSTERIOR SEGMENT PRESENTING AS SECTORAL SCLERITIS WITH PROGRESSIVE INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATION
Authors: Saraf Steven S. , Leveque Thellea K. , Kim Joon-Bom , Nash Robert W. , Pepple Kathryn L. , Olmos de Koo Lisa C. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To report two cases of idiopathic intraocular cilia presenting as sectoral scleritis with progressive intraocular inflammation.

Methods:
Both patients were treated with intravitreal antibiotics and underwent pars plana vitrectomy where the cilia were removed and identified on histopathology.

Results:
One patient developed a retinal detachment while being treated for presumed endophthalmitis. The intraocular cilium was discovered during pars plana vitrectomy. In the second case, the cilium was detected on dilated fundus exam and was believed to be the cause of the patient's scleritis and vitritis. Therapeutic vitrectomy was performed. In both cases, the cilia were positively identified on histopathology.

Conclusion:
Idiopathic intraocular penetration of cilia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sectoral scleritis with progressive intraocular inflammation.
Outcomes of Circumferential Trabeculotomy and Converted 180-Degree Traditional Trabeculotomy in Patients With Neonatal-onset Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Aktas Zeynep , Ucgul Ahmet Y. , Atalay Hatice T. 
Published: May 2020

Précis:
The present study demonstrates that the surgical success rate of circumferential trabeculotomy is 64.7% according to target intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤21 mm Hg and ≥30% reduction from baseline in patients with neonatal-onset primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), with an average follow-up of 35.1 months.

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical success rate and applicability of circumferential trabeculotomy compared with converted traditional trabeculotomy in patients with neonatal-onset PCG in Turkey.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study enrolled 42 eyes of 42 patients with an average age of 34.0±6.7 (14 to 59) days at the time of the surgery, who underwent 5/0 prolene suture-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy or rigid probe-assisted traditional trabeculotomy for the treatment of neonatal-onset PCG. IOP at baseline, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 24th, and 36th months of follow-up, need of glaucoma eye drop, need of further glaucoma surgery, cup to disc ratio, axial length, corneal diameters, and presence of corneal clouding were recorded. Surgical success was defined as IOP <21 mm Hg and ≥30% reduction from baseline without any further glaucoma surgery.

Results:
Seventeen eyes underwent circumferential trabeculotomy and 25 eyes with a failure in completing circumferential trabeculotomy underwent traditional trabeculotomy. The applicability rate of circumferential trabeculotomy was 40.4%. The mean preoperative IOP value was 33.2±7.6 mm Hg. The average follow-up time was 35.1±21.7 (12 to 95) months. Surgical success rates of circumferential trabeculotomy at the first, second, and third year of follow-up were 70.6%, 64.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. Surgical success rates of traditional trabeculotomy at the first, second, and third year of follow-up were 60%, 48%, and 44%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Circumferential trabeculotomy seems to be a safer and more successful procedure than traditional trabeculotomy for the treatment of neonatal-onset PCG. Unlike the traditional procedure, the IOP-lowering effect of circumferential trabeculotomy could be maintained up to ~36 months.
Novel Magnetic Resonance Late Gadolinium Enhancement With Fixed Short Inversion Time in Ischemic Myocardial Scars
Authors: Polacin Malgorzata , Gastl Mareike , Kapos Ioannis , Eberhard Matthias , Weber Lucas , Gotschy Alexander , von Spiczak Jochen , Kozerke Sebastian , Alkadhi Hatem , Manka Robert 
Published: May 2020

AimsLate gadolinium enhancement (LGE) visualizes scar tissue after myocardial infarction. However, in clinically used LGE sequences, subendocardial infarcts can be missed due to low contrast between blood pool and subendocardium. The purpose of his study was to compare scar visibility in a novel 3-dimensional (3D) single breath-hold inversion recovery sequence with fixed, short inversion time (TI = 100 milliseconds) (short LGE) and standard 3D LGE imaging with individually adjusted TI (LGE).MethodsShort LGE and LGE (both sequences with the same settings: spatial resolution, 1.2 × 1.2 mm2; slice thickness, 8 mm; field of view, 350 × 350 mm2; single breath-hold) were acquired in 64 patients with previous MI (13 female; mean age, 57 ± 19 years) at 1.5 T. Inversion time was set to 100 milliseconds in short LGE and adjusted individually in LGE according to the Look-Locker sequence. Two independent readers evaluated 1088 segments (17-segment model), identified infarcted segments, and categorized scar visibility (5 = excellent, 1 = poor scar visibility) and scar transmurality (4 = transmural, 0 = no scar) using a 5-point Likert scale. Signal intensity ratios between short LGE and LGE for scar and blood pool, for scar and remote myocardium, and for remote myocardium and blood pool were calculated.ResultsShort LGE showed 197 infarcted segments out of 1088 (18.1%); LGE revealed 191 segments (17.6%). Short LGE with dark scar and bright blood pool demonstrated better overall scar visibility, especially in subendocardially infarcted segments compared with LGE (4.2 vs 3.0, 5 = excellent visibility;P= 0.01). Signal intensity ratios for short LGE relative to LGE were 1.42 for scar/blood pool, 0.8 for scar/remote myocardium, and 0.22 for remote myocardium/blood.Overall transmurality was not rated higher in short LGE compared with LGE (P= 0.8). More fibrous tissue and total fibrous percentage (P= 0.04) were measured in short LGE compared with LGE, whereas myocardial mass was not significantly different (P= 0.5). Acquisition time was similar between short LGE and LGE (26 ± 4 seconds vs 25 ± 9 seconds,P= 0.7).ConclusionsShort LGE is a fast, single breath-hold 3D LGE sequence with no need for myocardial nulling due to fixed inversion time with improved scar visibility, especially in subendocardial infarcts.
Sphingomonas suaedae sp. nov., a chitin-degrading strain isolated from rhizosphere soil of Suaeda salsa
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xu Lian , Zhang Jin-Xin , Sun Ji-Quan 
Published: May 2020

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, chitin-degrading, motile bacterial strain with a single polar flagellum, designated XS-10T, was isolated from saline soil sampled from the rhizosphere of Suaeda salsa, Tumd Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, PR China. Strain XS-10T grew at 10–40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and 0–12.5% NaCl (optimum 2.0 %). The phylogenetic analysis based on both the 16S rRNA gene and the phylogenomic tree revealed that strain XS-10T formed a clade with

Sphingomonas turrisvirgatae

MCT13T and

Sphingomonas koreensis

JSS-26T, sharing 98.4 and 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene similarities to

S. koreensis

JSS-26T and

S. turrisvirgatae

MCT13T, respectively. Spermidine and Q-10 were the major polyamine and the major respiratory quinone, respectively. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid, two unidentified lipids and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c), C16 : 0 and C17 : 1
ω6c. The genome of strain XS-10T consisted of a 4 154 291 bp chromosome with a DNA G+C content of 65.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain XS-10T with

S. turrisvirgatae

MCT13T and

S. koreensis

JSS-26T were 77.8 and 78.6 %, 75.9 and 76.3 %, and 22.0 and 22.9 %, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics, strain XS-10T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Sphingomonas

, for which the name Sphingomonas suaedae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XS-10T (=CGMCC 1.17078T=JCM 33850T).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on endotracheal tubes requires multiple two-component systems
Authors: Badal Divakar , Jayarani Abhijith Vimal , Kollaran Mohammed Ameen , Kumar Aloke , Singh Varsha 
Published: May 2020

Introduction.Indwelling medical devices such as endotracheal tubes (ETTs), urinary catheters, vascular access devices, tracheostomies and feeding tubes are often associated with hospital-acquired infections. Bacterial biofilm formed on the ETTs in intubated patients is a significant risk factor associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia.Pseudomonas aeruginosais one of the four frequently encountered bacteria responsible for causing pneumonia, and the biofilm formation on ETTs. However, understanding of biofilm formation on ETT and interventions to prevent biofilm remains lagging. The ability to sense and adapt to external cues contributes to their success. Thus, the biofilm formation is likely to be influenced by the two-component systems (TCSs) that are composed of a membrane-associated sensor kinase and an intracellular response regulator.Aim.This study aims to establish anin vitromethod to analyse theP. aeruginosabiofilm formation on ETTs, and identify the TCSs that contribute to this process.Methodology.In total, 112P. aeruginosaPA14 TCS mutants were tested for their ability to form biofilm on ETTs, their effect on quorum sensing (QS) and motility.Results.Out of 112 TCS mutants studied, 56 had altered biofilm biomass on ETTs. Although the biofilm formation on ETTs is QS-dependent, none of the 56 loci controlled quorum signal. Of these, 18 novel TCSs specific to ETT biofilm were identified, namely, AauS, AgtS, ColR, CopS, CprR, NasT, KdpD, ParS, PmrB, PprA, PvrS, RcsC, PA14_11120, PA14_32580, PA14_45880, PA14_49420, PA14_52240, PA14_70790. The set of 56 included the GacS network, TCS proteins involved in fimbriae synthesis, TCS proteins involved in antimicrobial peptide resistance, and surface-sensing. Additionally, several of the TCS-encoding genes involved in biofilm formation on ETTs were found to be linked to flagellum-dependent swimming motility.Conclusions.Our study established anin vitromethod for studyingP. aeruginosabiofilm formation on the ETT surfaces. We also identified novel ETT-specific TCSs that could serve as targets to prevent biofilm formation on indwelling devices frequently used in clinical settings.
Prenatal psychosocial stress-induced behavioral and neuroendocrine abnormalities are associated with sex-specific alterations in synaptic transmission and differentially modulated by maternal environment
Authors: Zoubovsky Sandra P. , Williams Michael T. , Hoseus Sarah , Tumukuntala Shivani , Riesenberg Amy , Schulkin Jay , Vorhees Charles V. , Campbell Kenneth , Lim Hee-Woong , Muglia Louis J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPrenatal stress (PS) is associated with increased vulnerability to affective disorders. Transplacental glucocorticoid passage and stress-induced maternal environment alterations are recognized as potential routes of transmission that can fundamentally alter neurodevelopment. However, molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant emotional outcomes or the individual contributions intrauterine stress versus maternal environment play in shaping these mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report anxiogenic behaviors, anhedonia, and female hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity as a consequence of psychosocial PS in mice. Sex-specific placental responses to stress and evidence of fetal amygdala programming precede these abnormalities. In adult offspring, we observe amygdalar transcriptional changes demonstrating sex-specific dysfunction in synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter systems. We find these abnormalities are primarily driven by in-utero stress exposure. Importantly, maternal care changes postnatally reverse anxiety-related behaviors and partially rescue gene alterations associated with neurotransmission. Our data demonstrate the influence maternal environment exerts in shaping offspring emotional development despite deleterious effects of intrauterine stress.