bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Influence of Nano Metakaolin filler on Asphalt Binder Rheological Properties
Authors: Zghair Hussein H. , Joni Hasan H. , Mohammed Ali Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of using nano metakaolin filler on the rheological properties of asphalt binder. In this work, asphalt binder of penetration grade 60 to 70 was prepared at three percentages (1%, 3%, and 5%) of asphalt weight using a high shear mixer fixed at 4,000 rpm for 60 min. Evaluations were then made of the properties of the modified asphalt binder such as the rotational viscosity, penetration grade, softening point temperature, temperature susceptibility, and ductility. The results of this work showed that the use of nano metakaolin filler as a modifier was helpful in improving asphalt binder properties. In general, it was found that the viscosity and softening point values increased, while the penetration value and temperature susceptibility (P.I.) values were reduced. The high shear mixing allowed good diffusion of nMK fillers into the asphalt binder, producing a homogenous composite binder. Additionally, the results showed that 5% nano metakaolin by asphalt weight was a reasonable additive to develop the rheological properties, increasing the softening point and viscosity values by about 14 and 77%, respectively while developing higher percentages of reduction in penetration value and ductility value of about 30 and 18%, respectively, making this more applicable to the construction of highway pavements in hot weather conditions.
Properties of engineered cementitious composite concrete (bendable concrete) produced using Portland limestone cement
Authors: Al-Mulla Ikram F , Al-Rihimy Ammar S , Abd Alameer Maitham S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bendable concrete, also known as Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a type of ultra-ductile cementitious composites reinforced with fibres to control the width of cracks. It has the ability to enhance concrete flexibility by withstanding strains of 3% and higher. The properties of bendable concrete mixes (compressive strength, flexural strength, and drying shrinkage) are here assessed after the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials, silica fume, polymer fibres, and the use of ordinary Portland cement (O.P.C) and Portland limestone cement (IL). Mixes with Portland limestone cement show lower drying shrinkage and lower compressive and flexural strength than mixes with ordinary Portland cement, due to the ratio of clinker existence being lower in the Portland limestone cement.
Enhancing a solar panel cooling system using an air heat sink with different fin configurations
Authors: Egab Karim , Okab Abdullah , Dywan Hashim S. , Oudah Saad K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The temperature of a solar panel is an important parameter, which influences its performance and efficiency. Thus, development of solar panel cooling systems represents a new face of technology that may be used to improve power generation. Here, the reduction of solar panel temperature using an air-cooled heat sinks is studied numerically. The design of the heat sink comprises rectangular fins and rectangular fins with holes, made from a material with high thermal conductivity. The cooling efficiency is studied for different configurations of the heat sink, which are obtained by changing the fin numbers and hole distances. The numerical model is realized, using ANSYS-Fluent software, for a steady state whereby the ambient temperature is 25–35 °C, for different heat flux values. Increasing the number of fins and holes decreases the panel temperature. The reduction of panel temperature with fins is 50% compared to solar panels without fins.
A new multi-objective algorithm for underactuated robotic finger during grasping and pinching assignments
Authors: Jabbar Mortada A. , Bakhy Sadeq H. , Flaieh Enass H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study presents new kinematic and kinetic equations of grasping and pinching assignments, which have been derived to consider the angles for the ternary solid links of a three-phalanx linkage underactuated robotic finger mechanism. Numerical and experimental investigations are conducted. Numerically, eight design criteria are adopted for finding an optimal solution using a new multi-objective function algorithm (grasping stability percentage, forces of grasping, squeezing force, grasping assignment mimic function, transmission angle for grasping assignment, mimic function for pinching assignment, transmission angle for pinching assignment and pinching force). The gradient descent method, comprising three steps, is used to find the optimal geometric parameters. These parameters are modified to fabricate the prototype of the robotic finger. Experimentally, the three-phalanx linkage finger is adjusted via the addition of a DC motor at the second linkage coupler link, having four bars for length adjustment for performing the aspect of human finger through the grasping and pinching assignments. The results show that adding ternary solid links to the robotic finger enhances the grasping stability and assists the complete embrace of objects, particularly objects that are smaller than those for the same finger without ternary solid links. In addition, the results indicate that the pinching force enhancement is 7–25% with reduction of the objects’ sizes, due to the ternary of solid links.
Effects of heat treatment, quartz additions and particle size on the properties of enamel with low-alloy steel substrate
Authors: Abdulrahman Ibrahim K. , Mahmood Ibtihal A. , Jabor Adnan S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA vitreous enamel coat is a thin layer of glass, typically a few hundred microns in thickness, which is fused onto a metal substrate. The glass used for vitreous enamelling is referred to as the ‘frit’ and is formulated from a wide range of inorganic raw materials including quartz, borax and titania. This research called for the preparation and development of a mixture of ceramic materials, consisting of various metal oxides, for coating low-alloy steel plates with a carbon percentage of 0.18%. A single coating layer was used with a dipping method. Before dipping, the samples were treated with sand blasting. The effects of heat treatment temperature and time, the percentage of quartz additions and coating powder particle sizes were all studied. It was found that crystalline phases (such as (SiO2), (Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2), (Li5AlSi2O8), (TiO2)) were developed in the structure of the coating after heat treatment processing. The results showed significant improvement in all properties of coating hardness, adhesion, thermal stability and chemical resistance by increase in the heat-treating temperature and time; the best results were obtained in the properties of the coating with the treatment temperature at 650 ° C, a time of 120 minutes and 15% quartz addition. The results also showed a clear effect of the particle size of powder coating on the properties of hardness and adhesion. When the particle size decreased, the mechanical properties (hardness, adhesion) and thermal stability improved. The results indicated that the increase in coating particles’ size led to an increase in the coating thickness.
Comparability Study on the Effects of Curing Approaches on the Mechanical Behaviours of Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Taher Muntadher J. , Alsaad Aymen J. , Radhi Mushtaq Sadiq 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is the most commonly used type, known as Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC). This type of concrete requires very low water/binder ratios to ensure that the microstructure is very dense and impermeable. Thus, it also needs special types of curing to ensure its high strength, high durability, and dimensional stability. The main target of this study is thus a comparison of different curing regimes to investigate their impacts on the mechanical performance of RPC. Three different curing regimes, Normal Curing (NC), Steam Curing (SC), and Boiling Curing (BC) were thus adopted in this study. To assess the mechanical behaviour of RPC, compressive strength, direct tensile strength, and density measures were implemented for the different curing regimes and SC and BC were compared with normal curing at various curing ages. The investigation results revealed that, among the three different curing approaches, the steam curing method most significantly enhanced the mechanical behaviour of the RPC, particularly compressive strength.
Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of the 50%Ni-47%Ti-3%Cu shape memory alloy
Authors: Abbas Dania Fadhil , Resan Kadhim Kamil , Takhakh Ayad M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
in this study, the mechanical, microstructure and corrosion properties of Nickel-Titanium-Copper shape recovery alloys were investigated. The alloy was prepared by the powder metallurgy method, where powders of 50% Titanium, 47 % Nickel and 3% Cupper were mixed and cold compacted at (600,700 and 800) MPa to form cylindrical samples of (11mm diameter × 16.5mm length) and (11mm diameter ×5 mm length). After compaction process the specimens had more green strength for handling. The samples were subsequently sintered at a temperature of (850,900 and 950) °C for a period of 5 hours in an electric vacuum tube furnace. Multiple tests were conducted on the alloys including porosity measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compression strength, shape memory effect and corrosion rate test. The results indicate improvement in compression strength and shape memory effect with low sintering temperature and high compacting pressure as well as reduction in the corrosion rate.
Numerical Study of the Boundary Layer Separation Control on the NACA 0012 Airfoil using Triangular Rib
Authors: Al-Jibory Mohammed Wahhab , Ali Shinan Hussain Abed 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study includes a numerical simulation to investigate the aerodynamic behavior of the air flow around the surface of the NACA0012 airfoil, with and without a triangular rib. The triangular rib was used on the upper surface of the airfoil with size of 2% of the total chord length and variously located at 50, 70 and 90 percent of the chord length from the leading edge, separately as a passive control technique. Workbench-Fluent 17.2 version software was used to simulate the flow at 7 m/s freestream velocity (Re = 78,000), various attack angles (0˚ to 22˚) and chord length of 168 mm. The results indicated the presence of the triangular rib on the airfoil’s upper surface, at low angles of attack (less than 12˚), was a negative for the lift and drag results, at the angle of 12˚ it was a positive only for the location of 90%, while at the higher angles it was a positive for all locations and for all results where the lift increased and drag decreased. Therefore, the NACA0012 airfoil’s performance (lift to drag ratio) was significantly enhanced but, at 22˚, it had a very small effect for all results. It was concluded that the rib’s presence at 50% location delayed the stall angle by two degrees (from 14˚ to 16˚).
Study and optimization of the mechanical properties of PVP/PVA polymer nanocomposite as a low temperature adhesive in nano-joining
Authors: Taher Ahmed A. , Takhakh Ayad M , Thahab Sabah M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a study of the effects of temperature, curing time and silver nano-particles (AgNPs) on the concentration of the PVP/PVA nano composites on shear force of adhesive nano-joining (ANJ). Low temperature (LT) ANJ of copper–copper (Cu–Cu) at the temperature values of 200, 215, 225, 240 and 275°C and curing times of 10, 20 and 30 minutes, under fixed pressure (5 MPa) are investigated. Higher shear strength value is found at a temperature value of 227 °C and time extent of 10 minutes. It is noted that for an AgNPs concentration of (5%wt) a maximum value of shear strength (2180N) is reached. These results indicate that resistance will increase with raising of the heat up to 227 °C, then followed by a decrease in strength up to 275 °C at a curing time of 10 minutes. The results have been optimized with Neural Network (NN) for accuracy.
A consecutive heuristic algorithm for balancing a mixed - model assembly line type II using a (W-TAWH) model developed for straight and U-shaped layouts
Authors: Aufy Samah A. , Kassam AllaEldin H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The development of assembly lines in manufacturing systems has evolved due to consumer expectations and a growing and increasingly competitive global market. The assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) is well recognised in manufacturing and may arise when tasks are assigned to the workstation. In this paper, a problem statement is structured by assigning a task to a worker in a suitable workstation, subject to some constraints, in order to reduce the cycle time and improve performance. This is a new approach, based on worker and task assignment and is thus a worker – task assigned to workstation heuristic model (W-TAWH). It has been developed for straight and U-shaped models. The methodology is described as two stages, the input related data stage and assignment stage. Firstly, the focus is on combining precedence diagram and generating the sequence vector procedure. The second stage comprises development of comprehensive mathematical formulae for the consecutive algorithm to address the straight and U – shaped balancing problem, with minimization or maximation of relevant criteria. This generates performance evaluation criteria according to the number of tasks and workers assigned to the workstation, and these criteria are integrated into a single score using a desirability function approach. Finally, the performance of the developed algorithm is validated through a numerical example. We tested 24 alternative solutions and the fourth solution (1-4-1) achieved the highest score (0.726), which represented the following assignment variables: straight layout, minimum total number of successor tasks rule, and four workers. The performance evaluation is represented by the lower bound of cycle time and upper bound of efficiency.
Experimental Investigation of the Horizontal Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Utilized Phase Change Material
Authors: Dukhan Wisam A. , Dhaidan Nabeel S. , Al-Hattab Tahseen A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The melting of a phase change material (PCM) inside a horizontal concentric two-pipe heat exchanger is experimentally investigated. The PCM RT-42 (Rubitherm) is contained in the annular space between the inner tube of diameter 25 mm and outer insulated shell of diameter 75mm. The hot water as a heat transfer fluid (HTF) flows inside the inner tube at different temperatures, 60, 70 and 80 °C. The experimental setup involves twelve thermocouples to record the transient temperatures of PCM at different locations. Also, the progress of the solid-liquid front during the melting process is tracked photographically by a digital camera. The experimental findings revealed that the heat conduction, accompanied by the same melting rate around the inner tube of the heat storage unit, is predominant at the beginning of the melting process. As time progresses, the natural convection role is strengthened and causes a higher melting at the top part than is shown at the lower part, which is still dominated by conduction. Also, the melting rate is directly affected by the temperature of the HTF. The melting time is reduced by about 27% and 46% when the HTF temperature varies from 60 to 70°C and 80°C, respectively. The variation of the Nusselt number during the melting process is evaluated. There is a positive influence of the HTF temperature on the energy stored by the PCM.
The Effect of Turbulent Flow of Fluid Containing Nano - particles of Al2O3 on Free Vibrations of Pipe for Elliptical Cross Section at Different Boundary Conditions
Authors: Al-Raheimy N H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this research the Rayleigh method was used to estimate the natural frequency of elliptical cross-sectional pipe where the major axis (2a) and the minor axis (2b) conveyed water containing nano-particles of Al2O3 at the ratio of volume concentration (Φ% = 0, 0.1, 03, 0.5). The study examined different boundary conditions (clamped – clamped, clamped – pin, clamped – free and pin – pin ). The ratios were firstly b/a=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and then a/b=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for different thickness “t” (1mm, 2mm), where the half major axis “a” (1cm, 2cm ) and the half minor axis “b” (1cm, 2cm) at the length of pipe “L” (1m), and using various pipe materials (PVC, aluminum and steel). This study predicted the natural frequency (ωn) and critical velocity (VC) which in the first case was larger than that at the second case for any construction of pipe. The natural frequency decreased slightly with the increase in the ratio (Φ% ). Finally, the natural frequency and the critical velocity were changed directly with increase of the ratio (b/a) while the inverse changes occurred with the increase of the ratio ( a/b) for PVC pipe but increased little for aluminum and steel pipes, due to different physical properties. Results have been compared with published theoretical and experimental results and found to conform.
The Effect of Prestressing Strands on the Shear Behaviours of Steel Beams
Authors: Yousif Mustafa Ahmead , Mahmoud Kamal Shahada , Atshan Ali Farhan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Seven simply supported steel beams were tested to examine the effects, in terms of strengthening, of external prestressing of strands on the shear behaviour of steel beams. All beams had the same steel section and clear span length and strengthening was implemented using two external prestressing strands. The tested beams were divided into two groups based on the presence of the external prestressing strands: the first group thus consisted of just one steel beam, as a reference, while, the second group had six steel beams strengthened by external prestressing strands divided according to the eccentricity location of a prestressing strand with jacking stress fpj = 1120.061 MPa. During the tests, it was found that the shear load strain curves for the tested beams were slightly stiffer than for the reference beams and that the percentage of stiffening increased with any increase in the eccentricity of strand locations from the shear points; the maximum shear load increased by 0.521%, 29.565%, 38.26%, 61.739%, 24.347% and 86.956% with an increases in the eccentricity location from (0 to 165) mm compared to the reference beam. The maximum shear strain increased by 9.664%, 3.553%, 8.121%, 62.436%, 37.563% and 13.451% with an increase s in the eccentricity location from (0 to 165) mm respectively as compared with the reference beam.
Influence of Sulphate and Chlorides Acidic Media on Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of Fly Ash Particulate Reinforced 2024 Al/TiO2 Composites
Authors: Salman R A , Ajeel S A , Zedin N K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This research studied the corrosion behavior of 2024 Al/2%TiO2 with different additions of fly ash in 0.1N H2SO4 and 0.1 N HCl media. Using a liquid metallurgy route (stir casting technique) 0, 2, 4 and 6 wt.% of fly ash were added to 2024 Al/2%TiO2 and the density and corrosion potential of the samples was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization. The highest corrosion current density (7.437 x 10-1) was obtained in 0.1 N HCl media while the corrosion current density in 0.1N H2SO4 media was 2.276 x 10−3. The corrosion current density values of 2024 Al/2%TiO2 alloy rose with increase in the fly ash addition from 0.305 x 10−2 to1.08 x 10−2 as a result of the micro galvanic coupling between the matrix alloy and the reinforcement or conducting interfacial products. Micro-Vickers hardness of the composite increased from 120 V to 160 V with increasing fly ash content. The values of yield strength increased from (231MPa) to (279 MPa) and the values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were increased from (136MPa) to (184MPa) with increase in the percentage of fly ash.
Experimental study of atmospheric water collection powered by solar energy using the Peltier effect
Authors: Kadhim Thualfaqir J. , Abbas Abdalrazzaq K. , Kadhim Hayder Jawad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A small-scale prototype with one thermoelectric module was constructed to collect water from the atmosphere, and studied experimentally. It was driven by a solar panel module and operated by reducing the cold side temperature to less than the dew point temperature of ambient air. The system was designed and assembled depending on the capacity of the Peltier device, of dimension (4×4 cm^2), and energy needed. The system consisted of a heat sink, extended cold surface, Peltier device and fan, which were housed in a vertical rectangular section duct and used with different air temperatures, airflow rates, and humidity levels. A numerical model was used to study the temperature distribution on the cold side, which was applied to size the cooler to estimate the water production rate. The results suggest that the water production rate increased with the increasing of the moisture level in the air. The tests also showed that increasing the amount of air flowing on the heat sink increased the amount of water collected and enhanced the transfer of heat on the hot side. The achieved results show that the collection of water is reasonable with the proposed thermoelectric method using solar energy.
Applying the Analytical Hierarichy Process and Weighted Sum Model for Small Project Selection in Iraq
Authors: Al-Bayati Israa Ibrahim , Al-Zubaidy Sawsan Sabeeh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The assessment and selection of small projects are usually carried out using commercial, official, environmental and marketing data before the investment decision is made. Small projects are among the most important sources of job opportunities and revenue in many nations. The contribution of small enterprises the provision of work has been a controversial issue around the world, it is therefore important to clarify how best to choose between projects. This paper shows an example from Karbala governorate, which demonstrates project prioritization through two project selection methods. A questionnaire was completed and scores were computed for prioritizing potential projects. The first category used an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model for investment selection when comparing a number of options (alternatives) with respect to specific criteria, then investment with the highest weight was used to select small projects in this field for second stage transference. The second category used a weighted sum model (WSM) for top small project selection, which operated by obtaining all small project scores, and declaring that with the highest project to score to be the best small project. After combining the data and research procedure, we found that the best option from among small projects in Karbala was an industrial dairy factory.
Experimental Study on Modified Shielding Functional Mortar
Authors: Gao Yi , Lu Yingjian , Huang Jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The mortar board was prepared with the content of reduced iron powder, thickness and shielding fabric as variables. The results showed that appropriate content of reduced iron powder could improve the shielding efficiency of mortar, and the peak shielding efficiency of 10mm thick specimens with a dosage of 300kg/m3 reached 16.9db and the 20mm-thick specimens reached 17.1db. The 10mm-thick specimens with shielding fabric reached 73.5db, and the 20mm-thick specimens reached 59.3db