bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dying to know: prognosis communication in heart failure
Authors: Cavanagh Casey E. , Rosman Lindsey , Spatz Erica S. , Fried Terri , Gandhi Parul U. , Soucier Richard J. , Burg Matthew M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrognosis communication in heart failure is often narrowly defined as a discussion of life expectancy, but as clinical guidelines and research suggest, these discussions should provide a broader understanding of the disease, including information about disease trajectory, the experiences of living with heart failure, potential burden on patients and families, and mortality. Furthermore, despite clinical guidelines recommending early discussions, evidence suggests that these discussions occur infrequently or late in the disease trajectory. We review the literature concerning patient, caregiver, and clinician perspectives on discussions of this type, including the frequency, timing, desire for, effects of, and barriers to their occurrence. We propose an alternate view of prognosis communication, in which the patient and family/caregiver are educated about the nature of the disease at the time of diagnosis, and a process of engagement is undertaken so that the patient's full participation in their care is marshalled, and the care team engages the patient in the informed decision making that will guide care throughout the disease trajectory. We also identify and discuss evidence gaps concerning (i) patient preferences and readiness for prognosis information along the trajectory; (ii) best practices for communicating prognosis information; and (iii) effects of prognosis communication on patient's quality of life, mental health, engagement in critical self‐care, and clinical outcomes. Research is needed to determine best practices for engaging patients in prognosis communication and for evaluating the effects of this communication on patient engagement and clinical outcomes.
Integral Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturases: A Review of Biochemical, Structural, and Biotechnological Advances
Authors: Nachtschatt Matthias , Okada Shoko , Speight Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSustainably produced platform chemicals are increasingly sought after. Fatty acids containing olefinic and hydroxy groups are particularly interesting as platform chemicals for regio‐ and stereo‐selective downstream reactions. Integral membrane fatty acid desaturases can selectively introduce double bonds or catalyze unusual reactions such as acetylenation, conjugation, hydroxylation, and epoxidation. Here, a systematic overview of recent achievements and key literature of integral membrane desaturases is provided in the context of biotechnological potential of the enzyme family.Practical Application: Integral membrane fatty acid desaturases may be the most promising tool to increase the scope of fatty acids as platform chemicals. Plant oil production is well researched and an established sustainable pathway toward high‐yield chemicals. In addition, effort is increasing toward creating microbial high‐yield oil producers. The current bottleneck is the limited fatty acid species that can be produced at high yields. It is envisioned that future enzyme engineering work will enable the targeted design of desaturases to produce modified fatty acids that follow industry needs. This review provides a systematic overview of the natural diversity and complexity of integral membrane fatty acid desaturases to help researchers expand existing fatty acid production beyond currently utilized fatty acid species.
The release of contaminants from steel slags and natural aggregates: Evaluation of toxicity and genotoxicity
Authors: Alias Carlotta , Feretti Donatella , Benassi Laura , Abbà Alessandro , Gelatti Umberto , Sorlini Sabrina , Zerbini Ilaria , Piovani Giovanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSteel slags (SS) are the major waste produced by iron and steel industry. Slags may be reused as recycled materials, instead of natural aggregates (NA), to reduce the final disposal in a landfill and the exploitation of raw materials. However, the reuse of SS may generate a potential release of toxic compounds for the environment and humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and genotoxicity of SS, in comparison with NA, by using an integrated chemical‐biological approach to enable their safe reuse in engineering applications. Leaching solutions from samples were obtained by using short‐term leaching tests (CEN EN 12457‐2, 2004) usually adopted for the evaluation of waste recovery and final disposal. Chemical analyses of leachates were performed according to the Italian legislation on waste recovery (Ministerial Decree 186/2006). The leaching solutions were assayed by using toxicity test on Daphnia magna. Moreover, mutagenicity/genotoxicity tests on Salmonella typhimurium, Allium cepa, and human leucocytes and fibroblasts were carried out. The releases of pollutants from all samples were within the limits of the Italian legislation for waste recovery. Despite the effects that SS and NA could have on different cells, in terms of toxicity and genotoxicity, globally, SS do not seem to be any more hazardous than NA. This ecotoxicological assessment, never studied before, is important for promoting further studies that may support the decision‐making process regarding the use of such types of materials.
Numerical analysis of smoke flow under the effect of longitudinal airflow in a tunnel fire
Authors: Kalech Brahim , Bouterra Mourad , ElCafsi Afif 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis study investigated the influence of the longitudinal airflow on the smoke propagation in a tunnel by large‐eddy simulation, which is now widely applied to study the turbulent flow. The smoke movement characteristics were studied in detail, with varying the longitudinal airflow in the tunnel. Six fire scenarios have been simulated with Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the results of the longitudinal distribution of CO concentration, temperature distribution, interface height, stratification, and the efficiency of smoke extraction in the tunnel have been analyzed to evaluate the different fire cases. FDS predicted a CO concentration distribution compared to calculated values using the Hu model. Furthermore, the predicted maximum smoke temperatures are compared to those given by the Kurioka model. A reasonably good agreement has been obtained for both models. The obtained results showed that the increase of the forced airflow velocity has for results a loss of stratification and significant decrease in the efficiency of extraction.
Patient income and health innovation
Authors: Moradpour Javad , Hollis Aidan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between the number of clinical trials in a disease area, the health losses from that disease, and the average income of people suffering from it. Average patient income appears strongly predictive of the number of clinical trials, whether funded by industry or not. We are able to precisely estimate the relationship between income and the number of trials and to identify both (a) the specific diseases that appear to be underfunded relative to their harm to human health and (b) the amount of additional funding required to bring innovation investment up to the present average.
Population‐based analysis on the effect of nodal and distant metastases in sinonasal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chweya Cynthia M. , Low Christopher M. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Stokken Janalee K. , Choby Garret 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimal information has been reported on the effect of distant and nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis on survival in patients with sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was utilized to compare overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsOf the 325 patients with SNAC identified, 5‐year and 10‐year OS for all included patients was 64% and 58%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the presence of distant metastases (P < .0001), maxillary and frontal sinus primary tumors (P = .0042, P = .0006), and increasing age (P = .007) were risk factors for worsened DSS. The presence of regional spread to multiple cervical nodal basins (OS RR 3.26, P = .002; DSS RR 2.51, P = .013) and a single nodal basin (DSS RR 2.19, P = .046) was associated with worsened survival compared to no regional spread.ConclusionSurvival in SNAC was significantly worsened with increasing age, tumor site of origin, and distant metastatic disease.
Age and risk of recurrence in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review
Authors: Lenze Nicholas R. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Dorismond Christina , Sheth Siddharth , Zevallos Jose P. , Blumberg Jeffrey , Lumley Catherine , Patel Samip , Hackman Trevor , Weissler Mark C. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Olshan Andrew F. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma has been increasing in young patients (≤45 years) without a clear etiologic driver. It is unknown if younger patients have an increased risk of recurrence compared to older patients. A literature search was conducted through January 2020 using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct, and clinicaltrials.gov. This review was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020167498) and the PRISMA statement was followed. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they assessed risk of recurrence by age using a time‐to‐event analysis, used an age cutoff of ≤45 years or less for the younger cohort, and limited the analysis to the oral tongue subsite. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a form with a prespecified list of variables. There were 13 articles that met criteria for the qualitative synthesis (n = 1763 patients). The reported 5‐year rates of disease‐free survival ranged from 30% to 72% for the younger cohorts and 42% to 81% for the older cohorts. Three studies reported a statistically significant increased risk of recurrence in younger patients, three studies reported a nonsignificant increased risk in younger patients, and seven studies reported a similar risk in younger patients based on the time‐to‐event analyses. There may be an increased risk of recurrence for younger patients with oral tongue cancer. A definitive conclusion is precluded by limitations among individual studies, and additional research is warranted to examine this question.
Human papillomavirus oropharynx carcinoma: Aggressive de‐escalation of adjuvant therapy
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Routman David M. , Lohse Christine M. , Price Katharine A. R. , Neben‐Wittich Michelle , Chintakuntlawar Ashish V. , Price Daniel L. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Garcia Joaquin J. , Hinni Michael L. , Patel Samir H. , Janus Jeffrey R. , Foote Robert L. , Ma Dan J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAggressive dose de‐escalated adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in patients with human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+)OPSCC).MethodsPatients with HPV(+)OPSCC on a phase II clinical trial of primary surgery and neck dissection followed by dose de‐escalated RT (N = 79) were compared with a cohort of patients who received standard adjuvant therapy (N = 115). Local recurrence‐free, regional recurrence‐free, distant metastases‐free survival, and progression‐free survival (PFS) were assessed.ResultsOf 194 patients, 23 experienced progression at a median of 1.1 years following surgery (interquartile range [IQR] 0.7‐2.0; range 0.3‐5.4); 10 patients in the de‐escalated cohort and 13 patients in the standard cohort. The 3‐year PFS rate for the de‐escalated cohort was 87%, and in the standard cohort was 90% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.50‐2.75]).ConclusionPatients with HPV(+)OPSCC who undergo surgical resection and neck dissection and meet criteria for adjuvant therapy can undergo aggressive dose de‐escalation of RT without increasing risk of progression locally, regionally or at distant sites.
Prospective Multicenter Study of Early Antiviral Therapy in Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipients of HCV‐Viremic Donors
Authors: Terrault Norah A. , Burton James , Ghobrial Mark , Verna Elizabeth , Bayer Johanna , Klein Christina , Victor David , Mohan Sumit , Trotter James , Dodge Jennifer , Niemann Claus U. , Rubin Raymond A. 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims
Organs from hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐viremic donors have been used in HCV‐uninfected recipients (D+/R‐), but the optimal treatment approach has not been defined. We evaluated the kinetics of HCV infection following transplant in D+/R‐ kidney‐transplant (KT) and liver‐transplant (LT) recipients when a preemptive antiviral strategy was used.

Approach and Results
Six US transplant programs prospectively treated D+/R‐ primary LT and KT recipients with sofosbuvir‐velpastasvir for 12 weeks starting once viremia was confirmed following transplant and the patients were judged to be clinically stable, including estimated glomerular filtration rate >30 mL/min. Primary endpoints were sustained virologic response at 12 weeks following transplant and safety (assessed by proportion of treatment‐related adverse and serious adverse events). Of the 24 patients transplanted (13 liver, of whom 2 had prior‐treated HCV infection; 11 kidney), 23 became viremic after transplant. The median (interquartile range) time from transplant to start of antiviral therapy was 7.0 (6.0, 12.0) versus 16.5 (9.8, 24.5) days, and the median (interquartile range) HCV‐RNA level 3 days after transplant was 6.5 (3.9, 7.1) versus 3.6 (2.9, 4.0) log10 IU/mL in LT versus KT recipients, respectively. By week 4 of treatment, 10 of 13 (77%) LT, but only 2 of 10 (20%) KT, had undetectable HCV RNA (P = 0.01). At the end of treatment, all LT recipients were HCV RNA–undetectable, whereas 3 (30%) of the kidney recipients still had detectable, but not quantifiable, viremia. All achieved sustained virologic response at 12 weeks following transplant (lower 95% confidence interval bound: 85%). Serious adverse events considered possibly related to treatment were antibody‐mediated rejection, biliary sclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and graft‐versus‐host disease, with the latter associated with multiorgan failure, premature treatment discontinuation, and death.

Conclusions
Despite differing kinetics of early HCV infection in liver versus non‐liver recipients, a preemptive antiviral strategy is effective. Vigilance for adverse immunologic events is warranted.
Analysis on chronic pain management: Focus on the Italian network
Authors: Amato Francesco , Ceniti Silvia , Laurita Sara , Pasceri Erika , Guarasci Roberto , Parisi Francesca , Parrilla Luciano , Panizzoli Giuseppina , Perri Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Italian Law 38/2010, ‘Dispositions to guarantee access to Palliative Care and Pain Management’ orders that the health care systems of Italian regions create dedicated structures for palliative care and pain therapies, according to a specific organizational model called ‘Hub‐Spoke’, to ensure the diagnostic‐therapeutic continuity of patients affected by chronic pain (CP). The aim of our study was to investigate the Italian pain therapy network, 8 years following the approval of the Law. We sent a questionnaire to the national health representatives operating in CP management. The main result emerging from the analysis concerns the management of mini‐invasive procedures, showing that 93.2% of the responding facilities carry out invasive procedures, 6.8% do not perform them and that 100% of the facilities belonging to 12 regions provided these procedures, while in eight regions more than 80%. Finally, only 38.5% of facilities declared to have a shared protocol with the relevant territorial facilities in order to guarantee the process of care and assistance of patients affected by CP. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the efficacy of the organizational model in most of the responding facilities, although the territorial management of patients after their hospital discharge should be strengthened.
Advocating the use of threshold effects estimation: An illustration using the gender wage gap
Authors: Yerger David B. , Stephenson Amber L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile linear models remain the backbone of human resource development (HRD) as well as broader social science research, they are limited by their inability to detect curvilinearity or changes in direction and, therefore, may not accurately represent the nature of relationships between variables. This paper advocates the utility of the Andrews' (1993) threshold effect technique in the HRD, work, organization, and employment study literatures and does so using the gender wage gap as an illustration. The analysis compares traditional linear regression, a curvilinear quadratic model, and the threshold effect technique using publicly available wage data. This article demonstrates how the threshold method permits the data to organically determine the location of a critical break point, should one exist, and how it addresses the problem of overlooked relationships due to traditional linear assumptions. An overview of the technique and related coding is provided for researchers interested in broadening their analytical arsenal to enhance the study of the gender wage gap as well as other human‐resource‐related phenomena.
Opium use and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mohebbi Elham , Hadji Maryam , Rashidian Hamideh , Rezaianzadeh Abass , Marzban Maryam , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Naghibzadeh Tahami Ahmad , Moradi Abdolvahab , Gholipour Mahin , Najafi Farid , Safari‐Faramani Roya , Alizadeh‐Navaei Reza , Ansari‐Moghaddam Alireza , Bakhshi Mahdieh , Nejatizadeh Azim , Mahmoudi Masumeh , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Ahmadi‐Simab Saeideh , Arabi Mianroodi Ali Asghar , Seyyedsalehi Monireh Sadat , Hosseini Bayan , Peyghambari Vahideh , Shirkhoda Mohammad , Shirkoohi Reza , Ebrahimi Elmira , Manifar Soheila , Mohagheghi Mohammad Ali , Rozek Laura , Brennan Paul , Poustchi Hossein , Etemadi Arash , Pukkala Eero , Schüz Joachim , Malekzadeh Reza , Weiderpass Elisabete , Rahimi‐Movaghar Afarin , Boffetta Paolo , Kamanagar Farin , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScant evidence exists to support the association of opium use with head and neck cancer, limited to the larynx and oral cavity. In a multicenter case‐control study—Iran Opium and Cancer study, we recruited 633 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (254 lip and oral cavity, 54 pharynx, 327 larynx and 28 other subsites within the head and neck) and 3065 frequency‐matched controls from April 2016 to April 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) for opium use and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were obtained using mixed‐effects logistic regression because of heterogeneity among centers. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for regular opium use was 3.76 (2.96‐4.79) for all HNSCC combined. Strong dose‐response effects were observed by frequency or amount of use, and duration of use. Regular opium uses significantly increased the risk of HNSCC of the pharynx, larynx and other subsites within the head and neck with OR (95% CI) of 2.90 (1.40‐6.02), 6.55 (4.69‐9.13) and 5.95 (2.41‐14.71), respectively. The observed associations were significant even among never tobacco smokers (including cigarette and water‐pipe smoking). Moreover, by the multiplicative interaction scale, the effect of opium use could be varied by cigarette smoking on HNSCC, 8.16 (6.20‐10.74). For the first time, the current study showed opium users have an increased risk of several anatomic subsites of HNSCC.
Leukemia inhibitory factor is a novel biomarker to predict lymph node and distant metastasis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jiang Wenna , Bai Weiwei , Li Jianhua , Liu Jing , Zhao Kaili , Ren Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer has a low survival rate, and most patients have lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Despite efforts to improve overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS), the prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains poor, underscoring the importance of identifying new biomarkers to predict metastasis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is overexpressed in many types of cancer and is involved in the development of various malignancies including pancreatic cancer. However, the role of LIF as a biomarker to predict metastasis in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In this study, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified LIF expression in pancreatic tumor tissues as an independent risk factor related to worse OS and RFS. LIF overexpression was related to poor clinicopathological features such as lymph node metastasis and Pathological stage (pTNM) stage. Serum LIF levels were higher in pancreatic cancer patients than in healthy controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that serum LIF is more effective than other biomarkers (CA199 and CEA) for predicting lymph node and distant metastasis.
Examining the use of the FIGO Nutrition Checklist in routine antenatal practice: multistakeholder feedback to implementation
Authors: Killeen Sarah Louise , Callaghan Shauna L. , Jacob Chandni Maria , Hanson Mark A. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo gain insights from pregnant women and obstetricians on the utility of the FIGO Nutrition Checklist in antenatal practice.MethodsWomen were recruited from the antenatal department of a large tertiary‐level university maternity hospital in Dublin, Ireland, between October and December 2019. Participants completed the FIGO Nutrition Checklist before their routine antenatal appointment. Obstetricians and women were encouraged to discuss the FIGO Nutrition Checklist during the clinical visit. Completed FIGO Nutrition Checklists were collected after appointments. Acceptability was assessed through questionnaires.ResultsThe majority (80.0%) of women answered “No” to at least one diet quality question, indicating a potential nutritional risk. While none of the participating obstetricians routinely discussed nutrition with women, all agreed that using the Checklist encouraged them to address nutrition with pregnant women. Nearly every woman (99.0%) found the Checklist quick to complete; however, all participating obstetricians felt there was not enough time to discuss it in routine practice. Despite this, most obstetricians and pregnant women recommended the FIGO Nutrition Checklist for use.ConclusionThe FIGO Nutrition Checklist is acceptable for use in routine antenatal practice in tertiary care settings. It helped identify potentially at‐risk women during early pregnancy and facilitated conversations related to optimum diet.