bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of densified wood via synergy of chemical pretreatment, hot-pressing and post mechanical fixation
Authors: Shi Jiangtao , Peng Junyi , Huang Qiongtao , Cai Liping , Shi Sheldon Q. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWood densification can improve the strength of low density wood species and extend wood product applications. To enhance the wood compressive quality, chemical pretreatments for pristine wood have widely been used. Densified Abies wood was fabricated by combining NaOH/Na2SO3 solution treatment, hot-pressing and post mechanical fixation. The appearance, color, chemical composition, and physiology and mechanical properties before and after the densification treatment were examined by the colorimeter, FTIR and mechanical testing machine, respectively. Surface color of Abies wood was changed obviously after the densification. The values of brightness L* and b* decreased but the value of a* showed a slight increase in the densified wood. FTIR results confirmed that the color changes can be explained by the degradation of hemicellulose and lignin in wood cell walls and migration of extractives during the densification process. Sufficient removal of wood polymers resulted in the average compression ratio of about 80% in the radial direction of the natural wood. The density of densified wood increased with the wood thickness up to 1.227 g cm−1, accounting for a 169% increase compared to that of the pristine wood. Modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in the thickness direction of densified wood also markedly enhanced. Degradation of polymers in wood cell walls also was reconfirmed by the difference of fracture interface. All the results suggested that the densified softwood can be easily fabricated using the proposed method and the new densified softwood can be appropriately used as interior decoration materials.
Carbon Nanofibers Propped Hierarchical Porous SiOC Ceramics Toward Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Liu Yani , Zeng Sifan , Teng Zhen , Feng Wanlin , Zhang Haibin , Peng Shuming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe hierarchical porous SiOC ceramics (HPSCs) have been prepared by the pyrolysis of precursors (the mixture of dimethicone and KH-570) and polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (porous template). The HPSCs possess hierarchical porous structure with a BET surface area of 51.4 m2/g and have a good anti-oxidation property (only 5.1 wt.% weight loss). Owing to the porous structure, the HPSCs deliver an optimal reflection loss value of − 47.9 dB at 12.24 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.56 GHz with a thickness of 2.3 mm. The amorphous SiOC, SiOx, and free carbon components within SiOC make contributions to enhancing dipolar polarization. Besides, the abundant interfaces between SiOC and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are favorable for improving interfacial polarization. The conductive loss arisen from cross-linked CNFs can also boost the microwave absorption performance.
Effect of Ag Concentration Dispersed in HfOx Thin Films on Threshold Switching
Authors: Jeong Won Hee , Han Jeong Hwan , Choi Byung Joon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA sneak path current—a current passing through a neighboring memory cell—is an inherent and inevitable problem in a crossbar array consisting of memristor memory cells. This serious problem can be alleviated by serially connecting the selector device to each memristor cell. Among the various types of selector device concepts, the diffusive selector has garnered considerable attention because of its excellent performance. This selector features volatile threshold switching (TS) using the dynamics of active metals such as Ag or Cu, which act as an electrode or dopant in the solid electrolyte. In this study, a diffusive selector based on Ag-doped HfOx is fabricated using a co-sputtering system. As the Ag concentration in the HfOx layer varies, different electrical properties and thereby TS characteristics are observed. The necessity of the electroforming (EF) process for the TS characteristic is determined by the proper Ag concentration in the HfOx layer. This difference in the EF process can significantly affect the parameters of the TS characteristics. Therefore, an optimized doping condition is required for a diffusive selector to attain excellent selector device behavior and avoid an EF process that can eventually degrade device performance.
Perceived availability of future care and depressive symptoms among older adults in China: evidence from CHARLS
Authors: Silverstein Merril , Gong Cathy Honge , Kendig Hal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Major concerns have arisen about the challenges facing China in providing sufficient care to its older population in light of rapid population ageing, changing family structure, and considerable rates of internal migration. At the family level, these societal changes may produce care uncertainty which may adversely influence the psychological wellbeing of older individuals. This paper applies social support and control theories to examine the relationship between perceived availability of future care and psychological wellbeing of older adults in China, and how this relationship is moderated by economic insufficiency, health vulnerability, and urban/rural context.

Methods
Analyses are based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a multi-panel nationally representative household survey of the Chinese population aged 45 years and older. Data are taken from 2013 and 2011 waves of the study, with an initial sample size around 17,000, in which around 11,000–14,000 respondents are used for our final regression model. The score of depressive symptoms was measured in both waves with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10), and perceived availability of future care was measured in 2013 by asking respondents the question “Suppose that in the future, you need help with basic daily activities like eating or dressing, do you have relatives or friends (besides your spouse/partner) who would be willing and able to help you over a long period of time (yes/no)?”

Results
Multivariate regression analysis revealed that uncertainty regarding future care support was associated with greater depressive symptoms even after controlling for factors confounded with care uncertainty such as family structure, socio- economic status, and a lagged measure of depression. Further, older adults without an anticipated source of care faced double jeopardy in their depressive symptoms if they also experienced functional limitations.

Conclusions
Considering rapid aging of the Chinese population, anticipated increases in chronic disease burden, and possible attenuation of filial care, this analysis suggests that older adults in China may increasingly face health and social conditions detrimental to their mental health. Polices that remedy these concerns should be discussed, developed and implemented.
Outbreak of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Kathmandu, Nepal: clinical and epidemiological investigation
Authors: Pokharel Sunil , Karki Manan , Acharya Bhim , Marasini Baburam , Arjyal Amit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOutbreaks of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) are common in Nepal, but the exact etiology or risk factors for them often go unrecognized. Diseases like influenza, enteric fever and rickettsial fevers account for majority of such outbreaks. Optimal diagnostic tests to inform treatment decisions are not available at the point-of-care. A proper epidemiological and clinical characterization of such outbreaks is important for appropriate treatment and control efforts.MethodsAn investigation was initiated as a response to increased presentation of patients at Patan Hospital from Chalnakhel locality in Dakchinkali municipality, Kathmandu with AUFI from June 10 to July 1, 2016. Focused group discussion with local inhabitants and the epidemiological curve of febrile patients at local primary health care centre confirmed the outbreak. The household-survey was conducted in the area with questionnaire administered on patients to characterize their illnesses and their medical records were reviewed. A different set of questionnaire was administered on the patients and controls to investigate the association with common risk factors. Water samples were collected and analyzed microbiologically.ResultsEighty one patients from 137 households suffered from febrile illness within 6 weeks window before the investigation. All the 67 sampled patients with acute fever had a generalized illness without a discernible focus of infection. Only 38% of the patients had received a clinical diagnosis while the rest were treated empirically without a diagnosis. Three patients had blood culture confirmed enteric fever. Forty-two (63%) patients had been administered antibiotics, most commonly, ofloxacin, cefixime or azithromycin with a mean fever clearance time of 4 days. There was no definite association between several risk factors and fever. Fecal contamination was noted in tap water samples.ConclusionBased on the pattern of illness, this outbreak was most likely a mixture of self-limiting viral infections and enteric fever. This study shows that even in the absence of a confirmed diagnosis, a detailed characterization of the illness at presentation and the recovery course can suggest the diagnosis and help in formulating appropriate recommendation for treatment and control.
The agreement between fasting glucose and markers of chronic glycaemic exposure in individuals with and without chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: George Cindy , Matsha Tandi E. , Korf Marizna , Zemlin Annalise E. , Erasmus Rajiv T. , Kengne Andre P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo assess whether the agreement between fasting glucose and glycated proteins is affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a community-based sample of 1621 mixed-ancestry South Africans.MethodsCKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Fasting plasma glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations were measured by enzymatic hexokinase method and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively, with fructosamine and glycated albumin measured by immunoturbidimetry and enzymatic method, respectively.ResultsOf those with CKD (n = 96), 79, 16 and 5% where in stages 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Those with CKD had higher levels of HbA1c (6.2 vs. 5.7%;p < 0.0001), glycated albumin (15.0 vs. 13.0%;p < 0.0001) and fructosamine levels (269.7 vs. 236.4 μmol/l;p < 0.0001), compared to those without CKD. Higher fasting glucose levels were associated with higher HbA1c, glycated albumin and fructosamine, independent of age, gender, and CKD. However, the association with HbA1c and glycated albumin differed by CKD status, at the upper concentrations of the respective markers (interaction term for both:p ≤ 0.095).ConclusionOur results suggest that although HbA1c and glycated albumin perform acceptably under conditions of normoglycaemia, these markers correlate less well with blood glucose levels in people with CKD who are not on dialysis.
Effect of low-dose atrial natriuretic peptide in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective, single-center study with propensity-score matching
Authors: Saito Keita , Uchino Shigehiko , Fujii Tomoko , Saito Shinjiro , Takinami Masanori , Uezono Shoichi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major comorbidity in critically ill patients. Low-dose atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to effectively prevent acute kidney injury (AKI), especially in cardiovascular surgery patients. However, its treatment effects for AKI in critically ill patients are unclear.

Methods
This single-center, retrospective, observational study included patients with AKI diagnosed within 7 days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission during the period January 2010 to December 2017. We conducted a propensity-matched analysis to estimate the treatment effect of low-dose carperitide (a recombinant human ANP) on the clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was a composite of death, renal replacement therapy dependence, or no recovery from AKI (defined as an increase of the serum creatinine level to ≥200% of baseline) at hospital discharge.

Results
During the study period, 4479 adult patients were admitted to the ICU. We identified 1374 eligible patients with AKI diagnosed within 7 days after ICU admission. Among these patients, 346 (25.2%) were treated with low-dose carperitide, with an average dose of 0.019 μg kg− 1 min− 1. The primary outcome occurred more often in the treatment group than in the control group (29.7% versus 23.4%, respectively; p = 0.022). After propensity score matching, characteristics of 314 patients from each group were well- balanced. Significant difference of the primary outcome, as seen with the full cohort, was no longer obtained; no benefit of carperitide was detected in the matched cohort (29.0% versus 25.2%; p = 0.281).

Conclusions
Low-dose ANP showed no treatment effect in general critically ill patients who developed AKI.
Moderately hypofractionated carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer; a prospective observational study “GUNMA0702”
Authors:   Group for Genitourinary Tumors at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Kawamura Hidemasa , Kubo Nobuteru , Sato Hiro , Mizukami Tatsuji , Katoh Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Ohno Tatsuya , Matsui Hiroshi , Ito Kazuto , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Nakano Takashi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Carbon ion Radiotherapy for prostate cancer is widely used, however reports are limited from single institute or short follow up. We performed a prospective observational study (GUNMA0702) to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.

Methods
Between June 2010 and August 2013, 304 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated, with a median follow-up duration of 60 months. All patients received carbon ion radiotherapy with 57.6 Gy (RBE) in 16 fractions over 4 weeks. Hormonal therapy was given according to the risk group. Toxicity was reported according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Event, Version 4.0 by the National Cancer Institute.

Results
The overall 5-year biochemical relapse-free rate was 92.7%, with rates of 91.7, 93.4, and 92.0% in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients, respectively. The 5-year local control and overall survival rates were 98.4 and 96.6%, respectively. Acute grade 3 or greater toxicity was not observed. Late grade 2 and grade 3 genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity rates were 9 and 0.3%, and 0.3, and 0%, respectively.

Conclusions
The present protocol of carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer provided low genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity with good biochemical control within 5 years.

Trial registration
University Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry number: UMIN000003827.
Gender differences in treatments and interventions received by children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Lundkvist Josenby Annika , Czuba Tomasz , Alriksson-Schmidt Ann I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background

In the Swedish population-based follow-up program and national quality registry for individuals with cerebral palsy (CPUP), physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) treatments are regularly recorded along with functional status. By Swedish law, all citizens irrespective of personal characteristics or socioeconomic status, have the right to receive healthcare and medical treatments as applicable. Previous research has shown gender differences in treatments and interventions received by children with cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to examine differences in treatments and interventions by gender and place of birth in children and adolescents participating in CPUP.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional registry study. Data from the latest PT (n = 2635) and OT assessment forms (n = 3480) in CPUP were extracted for individuals aged 0–17 years. Logistic regressions were used to assess the relationships between the outcome variables and gender and place of birth (including an interaction term gender X place of birth), adjusted for age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and spasticity scores for PT interventions and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for OT interventions.

Results

Results are presented as odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] and p-values. Girls were significantly more likely to have spinal braces than boys; 1.54 [1.07, 2.22] p < 0.05, a significant interaction with place of birth indicated fewer spinal braces prescribed to children born outside of the Nordic countries; 0.20 [0.079, 0.53] p < 0.001. Girls were less likely to have undergone selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR); 0.49 [0.25, 0.94] p < 0.05. Individuals born outside of the Nordic countries, were significantly less likely to have received intrathecal baclofen (ITB) 0.27 [0.074, 0.98] p < 0.05.

Conclusions

Of the treatments prescribed, gender differences were observed for spinal braces and having undergone SDR. A statistically significant difference based on place of birth was noted for spinal bracing and having received ITB treatment. Other PT and OT treatments were associated with age, level of spasticity, and functional severity as classified using the GMFCS and the MACS. Increased awareness of differences based on gender, and where a child is born, could be obtained by inter- and intraprofessional discussions.
Risk factors for PTSD of Shidu parents who lost the only child in a rapid aging process: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yin Qianlan , Zhang Huaihui , Shang Zhilei , Wu Lili , Sun Zhuoer , Zhang Fan , Zhou Yaoguang , Song Xiangrui , Liu Weizhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe elderly population is rising globally, especially in China where a large population base causes the largest number of older adults in the world. Notably, Shidu people who are over the age of 60 and have lost their only child have drawn great public attentions as they become more elderly, medically unstable and worse mentally unhealthy. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common consequences resulted from the loss of the only child. However, few previous studies have examined PTSD in Shidu older aldults, and the risk factors are a relatively understudied area. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors of PTSD and improve the possibility of early identifying the high-risk Shidu parents with PTSD, and successively provide timely and effective interventions.MethodBased on the register of population statistic information provided by the health family planning commission, 149 participants were enrolled randomly. Data was collected by interviews and questionnaires. Socio-demographic and bereavement-related information and physical health outcomes were obtained. PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version was used to screen for bereavement-related PTSD.ResultThe morbidity of PTSD reached 30.9%, while in the group of age over 60 the morbidity reached 31.6%. Stratified by potential demographic risk factors, SDPs have significant between-group differences of PTSD. Specially, being women, higher income, losing the single child at older age, more serious medical conditions and being Shidu for a shorter period indicated higher severity of PTSD in SDPs. The single child dying at a older age and from accidence were also significant indicators. Regression analysis showed the gender of SDPs, hospital visits, and the cause of child death significantly predicted the severity of PTSD.ConclusionWith the accelerate process of aging, especially in China, Shidu older adults become a group deserved more attentions. PTSD is clearly a possible reaction to the loss of the only child. The gender and hospital visits of the Shidu older adults and the causes of their child’s death significantly related to the prevalence of PTSD, which could help to improve the possibility of early intervening.
Factor structure and measurement invariance of the problematic mobile phone use questionnaire-short version across gender in Chinese adolescents and young adults
Authors: Wang Ying-Ying , Long Jiang , Liu Yue-Heng , Liu Tie-Qiao , Billieux Joël 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundProblematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has become a public health issue in China, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire-Short Version (PMPUQ-SV) is a validated instrument that measures multiple aspects of PMPU. The current study aimed to test the psychometric characteristics of a Chinese adaption of the PMPUQ-SV and examine its measurement invariance across gender.MethodsA total of 2086 participants were recruited form nine schools (six undergraduate colleges and three vocational colleges) through an online platform. Measures included socio-demographic variables, patterns of mobile phone use, the Chinese version of the PMPUQ-SV (C-PMPUQ-SV), the Chinese version of the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (C-SAPS), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21).ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted in two independent subsamples confirmed that the postulated dimensions fit the data well. Four items, judged as either outdated or not adapted to the Chinese context, performed poorly and were removed, resulting in a shorter 11-item scale. Convergent validity was established through correlations between emotional symptoms and the C-PMPUQ-SV and addictive smartphone use. Additional measurement invariance analyses showed that the scale performed largely similarly in male and female participants.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that the C-PMPUQ-SV is an adequate instrument to study various types of PMPU in Chinese adolescents and young adults. The updated 11-item scale shortens the evaluation time and is adapted to assess contemporary smartphone use.
Oxygen embolism after hydrogen peroxide irrigation during hip arthroscopy: a case report
Authors: Peng Zhengwu , Li Hui , Cao Ziqin , Zhang Wenchao , Li Hongxin , Dai Ruping , Liu Lei , Mao Xinzhan , George Daniel M. , Huang Tianlong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Hydrogen peroxide has been widely used in Orthopaedics including Orthopaedic oncology, trauma and joint surgeries. However, we encountered an oxygen embolism and myoglobinuria after hydrogen peroxide was used to irrigate a septic hip arthroscopically.

Case presentation
A 61-year-old male patient with right hip septic arthritis underwent an arthroscopic hip washout and debridement. During the operation, the surgeon used 100 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide to irrigate the joint cavity. Two minutes after irrigation, there was a transient decrease in oxygen saturation, heart rate and blood pressure, with significant subcutaneous emphysema around the wound. Concentrated urine was drained out 8 h after operation which resolved the following day. Post-operatively, the patient was managed in the intensive care unit for a pulmonary embolism and discharged without further complications.

Conclusion
Medical staff should be aware of the risk of oxygen embolism and be extremely careful when using hydrogen peroxide in patient care. Oxygen embolism following hydrogen peroxide use is rare, however, once encountered, it may bring serious consequences. Therefore, the use of hydrogen peroxide in closed spaces or arthroscopic procedures should be discontinued.