bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatiles of bacteria associated with parasitoid habitats elicit distinct olfactory responses in an aphid parasitoid and its hyperparasitoid
Authors: Goelen Tim , Sobhy Islam S. , Vanderaa Christophe , de Boer Jetske G. , Delvigne Frank , Francis Frédéric , Wäckers Felix , Rediers Hans , Verstrepen Kevin J. , Wenseleers Tom , Jacquemyn Hans , Lievens Bart 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

To locate mating partners and essential resources such as food, oviposition sites and shelter, insects rely to a large extent on chemical cues. While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and insects, there is mounting evidence that indicates that micro‐organisms emit volatile compounds that may play an important role in insect behaviour.

In this study, we assessed how volatile compounds emitted by phylogenetically diverse bacteria affected the olfactory response of the primary parasitoid Aphidius colemani and one of its secondary parasitoids, Dendrocerus aphidum. Olfactory responses were evaluated for volatile blends emitted by bacteria isolated from diverse sources from the parasitoid's habitat, including aphids, aphid mummies and honeydew, and from the parasitoids themselves.

Results revealed that A. colemani showed a wide variation in response to bacterial volatiles, ranging from significant attraction over no response to significant repellence. Our results further showed that the olfactory response of A. colemani to bacterial volatile emissions was different from that of D. aphidum. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of the volatile blends revealed that bacterial strains repellent to A. colemani produced significantly higher amounts of esters, organic acids, aromatics and cycloalkanes than attractive strains. Strains repellent to D. aphidum produced significantly higher amounts of alcohols and ketones, whereas the strains attractive to D. aphidum produced higher amounts of the monoterpenes limonene, linalool and geraniol.

Overall, our results indicate that bacterial volatiles can have an important impact on insect olfactory responses, and should therefore be considered as an additional, so far often overlooked factor in studying multitrophic interactions between plants and insects.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
rKIN: Kernel‐based method for estimating isotopic niche size and overlap
Authors: Eckrich Carolyn A. , Albeke Shannon E. , Flaherty Elizabeth A. , Bowyer R. Terry , Ben‐David Merav 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The isotopic niche of consumers represents biologically relevant information on resource and habitat use. Several tools have been developed to quantify niche size and overlap. Nonetheless, methods adapted by spatial ecologists to quantify animal home ranges can be modified for use in stable isotope ecology when data are not normally distributed in bivariate space.

We offer a tool that draws on existing spatial metrics, such as minimum convex polygon (MCP) and standard ellipse area (SEA), and add novel metrics using kernel utilization density (KUD) estimators to measure isotopic niche size and overlap. We present examples using empirical and simulated data to demonstrate the performance of the package kernel isotopic niches in r (rKIN) under various scenarios.

Results of niche size from MCP, SEA and KUD were highly correlated but divergent among datasets. Overall, the KUD method produced the largest niche sizes and was more sensitive to the distribution of the isotopic data. Pairwise estimates of overlap were highly variable, likely because MCP and SEA inherently include or exclude unused areas in the resulting niche estimate. Four bandwidth methods (reference, normal scale, plug‐in and biased cross‐validation) produced comparable estimates of niche size and overlap at various sample sizes (10–40). Niche size and overlap were consistent across sample sizes >15.

Use of rKIN will allow isotope ecologists to quantify niche shifts, expansions or contractions, as well as assess the performance of several estimation methods. The package also can be applied to other data types (e.g. principal component analysis, multi‐dimensional scaling) so long as axes and measurement units are identical and can be converted to Cartesian coordinates.
A grounded theory of multisystemic therapist roles in achieving positive outcomes for young people and families
Authors: Jethwa Jemini , Glorney Emily , Adhyaru Jai , Lawson Amy 
Published: December 2019

Research on the application of multisystemic therapy (MST) has focused on the experiences of caregivers, families and the young people with behavioural conduct difficulties for whom MST has been established as an effective intervention. Perspectives of MST therapists are lacking, yet hold relevance for MST model adherence and services. Using a social constructivist grounded theory approach, eight MST therapists in the United Kingdom took part in a semi‐structured interview designed to explore the requirements of the role. Data revealed four categories: two of explicit roles that included establishing rapport, engaging with families, defining the drivers to a young person’s behaviour, and doing‘whatever it takes’to overcome challenges; while underpinning these were two categories of implicit roles related to coping with the organisational environment and interpersonal skill demands of the role. This study widens the understanding of both individual and organisational factors/climate and its impact on therapist performance in MST practice.Practitioner pointsSupervisors need to monitor therapists’ workloads, organisational climate and the emotional impact of their role, applying a greater duty of care in an ethos of doing ‘whatever it takes’Maintaining engagement is a distinct and essential phase of MST. Non‐engagement can be overcome by therapists who adapt their interpersonal style to meet individual needsCollaboration with external agencies (e.g. schools) supports cross‐agency working in line with MST principles
Referendum Policies across Political Systems
Authors: Silagadze Nanuli , Gherghina Sergiu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article compares the use of referendums across political regimes over time in Europe. It does so on the basis of a new typology that differentiates between policy domains and degrees of abstraction. The analysis shows different patterns in referendum use between authoritarian regimes, countries in transition and democracies. In addition to the variation in policy domains, the findings indicate different institutional features within the polity types: the process of initiation, the turnout in referendums and the rate of approval. The empirical evidence draws on an original dataset of 620 referendums organised at national level in Europe between 1793 and 2017.
Development of reading prosody in school‐age Spanish children: a longitudinal study
Authors: Álvarez‐Cañizo Marta , Martínez‐García Cristina , Cuetos Fernando , Suárez‐Coalla Paz 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundProsodic reading is one of the steps needed to achieve reading fluency. It is already known that English children develop their reading prosody from the earliest grades of primary school, showing the greatest improvement between first and second grade, but there are no Spanish studies of the development of reading prosody in the first years of school. Reading prosody may develop earlier in Spanish children as Spanish is a transparent language, which makes it possible to achieve high accuracy in the first year of learning to read.MethodWe performed a longitudinal study, monitoring children from first to third grade. The children were asked to read aloud a text including declarative sentences containing high‐frequency and low‐frequency words and interrogative sentences; we analysed the usual prosodic variables (i.e., pauses, duration of different segments and pitch variations).ResultsThe results showed that younger readers made more and longer pauses and read less accurately. Moreover, the frequency words affected accuracy in all three grades, but only modified reading time in the first and second grades. We found no differences between the grades with respect to declarative sentences, but reading in all grades was influenced by word frequency, with a flatter final intonation. In the case of interrogative sentences, we found that first graders had a flatter melodic contour, whereas second graders tended to exaggerate the final change in intonation.ConclusionsOur results confirmed that reading fluency increases dramatically between first and second grade. Although Spanish has a transparent orthographic system, Spanish children seem to develop reading prosody similarly to children using opaque languages.
Novel oil extraction technologies: Process conditions, quality parameters, and optimization
Authors: Mwaurah Peter Waboi , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Nitin , Attkan Arun Kumar , Panghal Anil , Singh Vijay Kumar , Garg Mukesh Kumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConventional techniques of extracting oil using organic solvents pose health, safety, and environmental concerns. In modern extraction methods, green solvents such as water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, and terpenes are currently gaining prominence. These green solvents present no signs of pollution and remain in liquid form over a temperature range of 0 to 140 °C. Other techniques covered in this review include microwave‐assisted enzymatic extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, supercritical fluid technology, high pressure–assisted extraction, and pulse electric field–assisted extraction. These techniques are considered environmentally friendly because they exhibit less hazardous chemical synthesis, use renewable feedstock, and reduce the chemical load and emissions generated by organic solvents. Aqueous enzymatic extraction is a novel technique that uses enzymes as the medium for extraction of oil. Selection of the enzymes solely depends on the structure of the oilseed and the composition of the cell wall. Studies reveal an enzyme to substrate ratio of 1% to 8%, the temperature of 40 to 55 °C, and a pH of 4 to 8 to be typical for enzymatic extraction of oil from different oilseeds. Microwave‐assisted extraction has proven to impart significant effects on mass transfer and offers high throughput and extraction efficiency. A microwave power of 275 to 1,000 W and a temperature range of 30 to 60 °C are noticed in the different studies. The review presents a comprehensive account of the modern extraction techniques, the parameters responsible for yield and quality, and their industrial applications. Besides, the review highlights the optimized parameters for oil extraction from different oil‐bearing materials.
Meat color is determined not only by chromatic heme pigments but also by the physical structure and achromatic light scattering properties of the muscle
Authors: Hughes Joanne M. , Clarke Frank M. , Purslow Peter P. , Warner Robyn D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMeat color is important for consumer acceptability, with excessively dark meat often associated with consumer rejection. It is determined chromatically by pigment content (measured by hue and chroma) and achromatically by scattering of light by the microstructure (measured by lightness), the latter of which has received minimal research focus. This review discusses the individual components of the meat microstructure that cause differences in achromatic contributions to color. Differences in achromatic light scattering between light and dark extremes of meat color are most likely explained by structural attributes within the muscle cell. These differences are proposed to arise from variations in (a) transverse shrinkage of the structural lattice of the myofilaments, myofibrils, and muscles fibers, (b) longitudinal shrinkage of the sarcomere, and (c) different protein composition of the surrounding medium (sarcoplasm and extracellular space). These are discussed at a mechanistic level, in relation to six parameters of the muscle cell: (a) protein surface charge altering the myofilament spacing, (b) protein solubility, (c) sarcoplasmic protein binding to myofilaments and myofibrils, (d) integrity of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion proteins, (e) sarcomere integrity and myofibrillar proteins, and (f) myosin denaturation and rigor bond modification. New data are presented to support the proposed role of structural elements in muscle causing achromatic light scattering and their contribution to the surface color of meat. In addition, the relationships between lightness and water holding capacity and pH are explored and the economic impact of dark meat for the meat industry is discussed.
Infant Death Following Home Birth: A Case Report of Fatal Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Schuppener Leah M. , Corliss Robert F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfants born to diabetic mothers are at increased risk for symptomatic hypoglycemia and death after birth. A 36‐year‐old G4P3 mother with a history of gestational diabetes and newly diagnosed type II insulin‐dependent diabetes gave birth at home, in the care of a midwife, to a macrosomic infant girl (10 lbs.). Several hours after birth, the infant became lethargic and was found to be hypoglycemic (blood sugar: 28 mg/dL). Glucose and sugar water were administered by the midwife; however, the infant continued to decompensate. Emergency medical services were called, and the infant was transported to the hospital where, despite resuscitative efforts, she died. An autopsy and review of the literature was performed. At autopsy, characteristic features of maternal–fetal glucose dysregulation were identified, including fetal macrosomia, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, and severe pancreatic islet cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia. Developmental abnormalities and other potential causes of death were not identified. Although deaths due to hypoglycemia cannot be reliably diagnosed postmortem using vitreous glucose levels, a clinical history of maternal glucose dysregulation in combination with certain gross and histologic findings should prompt a pathologist to consider maternal–fetal glucose dysregulation as a diagnosis of exclusion and cause of death.
Effectiveness of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia
Authors: Lindström Kristina , Mousavi Seyed Abdollah 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBiological nitrogen fixation in rhizobia occurs primarily in root or stem nodules and is induced by the bacteria present in legume plants. This symbiotic process has fascinated researchers for over a century, and the positive effects of legumes on soils and their food and feed value have been recognized for thousands of years. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation uses solar energy to reduce the inert N2 gas to ammonia at normal temperature and pressure, and is thus today, especially, important for sustainable food production. Increased productivity through improved effectiveness of the process is seen as a major research and development goal. The interaction between rhizobia and their legume hosts has thus been dissected at agronomic, plant physiological, microbiological and molecular levels to produce ample information about processes involved, but identification of major bottlenecks regarding efficiency of nitrogen fixation has proven to be complex. We review processes and results that contributed to the current understanding of this fascinating system, with focus on effectiveness of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia.
Pre‐migration traumatic experiences, post‐migration perceived discrimination and substance use among Russian and Kurdish migrants—a population‐based study
Authors: Salama Essi S. , Castaneda Anu E. , Lilja Eero , Suvisaari Jaana , Rask Shadia , Laatikainen Tiina , Niemelä Solja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsThe associations between traumatic events, substance use and perceived discrimination have been rarely studied among migrants in host countries. We examined whether pre‐migration potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) or perceived discrimination (PD) are associated with substance use among migrants with voluntary (Russians) and forced (Kurds) migration backgrounds.DesignCross‐sectional interview and health examination data from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study were used. The target sample (n = 1000 for each group) was drawn from the national population register using stratified random sampling by participants’ country of birth and native language.SettingPopulation‐based data were collected from six cities in Finland during 2010–12.ParticipantsThe participation rates were 68% (Russians) and 59% (Kurds). The analytical sample size varied (Russians n = 442–687, Kurds n = 459–613), as some participants completed only interview, health examination or short interview. The majority of Kurds had a refugee background (75%) while Russians had mainly migrated for other reasons (99%).MeasurementsThe three main outcomes were self‐reported binge drinking, daily smoking and life‐time cannabis use. PTEs and PD were self‐reported in the interview. Socio‐demographic background, migration‐related factors and current affective symptoms were adjusted for.FindingsAmong Kurds, PTEs were associated with binge drinking [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30–5.42] and PD was associated with life‐time cannabis use (aOR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.38–10.97) after adjusting for contextual factors. Among Russians, PTEs were associated with life‐time cannabis use adjusting for contextual factors (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.12–4.18).ConclusionsIn Finland, pre‐migration traumatic experiences appear to be associated with life‐time cannabis use among the Russian migrant population (voluntary migration) and binge drinking among the Kurdish migrant population (forced migration). Perceived discrimination in Finland appears to be associated with life‐time cannabis use among Kurdish migrants.
A quantile autoregression analysis of price volatility in agricultural markets
Authors: Chavas Jean‐Paul , Li Jian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamics of agricultural price volatility based on a quantile autoregression (QAR) model. The QAR model provides a flexible representation of the distribution of price and its dynamics. The approach is applied to U.S. wheat and corn markets over the period of 1980–2017. This period is of significant interest as it covers important changes in agricultural policy and increased reliance on markets. The price analysis is conducted conditional on stocks held in the previous period. We show how increasing previous stocks shift the price distribution to the left and decreases the odds of facing price spikes (by shifting down the upper tail of the price distribution). Our analysis also examines the effects of changing public stocks on prices. For both wheat and corn, this reflects changing agricultural policy, contrasting the 1980s (when public stocks were relatively high) with the post‐2005 period (when public stocks became zero). We document how higher public stock ratio during the previous period did not lower the odds of facing price spikes. Applied to the wheat and corn markets, we also uncover evidence of local dynamic instability in the upper tail of the price distribution, suggesting that price instability becomes more pronounced when previous stocks are low.
International consensus is needed on premedication for non‐emergency neonatal intubation after survey found wide‐ranging policies and practices in 70 countries
Authors: Mari Judit , Franczia Peter , Margas Wojciech , Rutkowski Jakub , Bebrysz Magdalena , Bokiniec Renata , Seliga‐Siwecka Joanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThis study evaluated whether practitioners from 70 countries used premedication for non‐emergency neonatal intubation and identified attitudes and experience regarding the safety, side effects and efficiency of neonatal intubation.MethodsInvitations to take part in the survey were issued between December 18, 2018 and February 4, 2019 to the users of neonatal‐based websites and Facebook groups, members of professional societies and the authors of relevant publications in the last five years.ResultsWe analysed 718 completed questionnaires from 40 European and 30 non‐European countries. Most of the responses were from neonatologists (69.6%) and paediatric or neonatal trainees (10.3%). In units without a protocol (31.6%), more than half of the practitioners (60.4%) chose premedication according to personal preference and 37.0%‐11.9% of the overall respondents did not use any drugs for non‐emergency intubation. The most frequently reported drug combination was fentanyl, atropine and succinylcholine (6.8%). Most of the practitioners (78.5%) use the same drugs for term and preterm infants. Only 24.8% of the physicians were fully satisfied with their premedication practices.ConclusionNearly 12% of the respondents did not use premedication for non‐emergency neonatal intubation. The wide‐ranging policies and practices found among the respondents highlight the need for international consensus guidelines.
Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal treatment for a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck located entirely within the inguinal canal: A case report
Authors: Kojima Shigehiro , Sakamoto Tsuguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA 43‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck, for which laparoscopic total extraperitoneal excision was successfully undertaken. The hydrocele was located entirely within the inguinal canal and was barely visible at the internal inguinal ring, even with strong retraction. The inferior epigastric vessels were at risk of injury secondary to excessive tension when retracting the round ligament. To overcome these problems, the hydrocele was approached from the medial side of the inferior epigastric vessels across the transversalis fascia. This approach allowed us to reach the distal end of the hydrocele and avoid excessive traction on the vessels. Thus, a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck can be addressed successfully with minimally invasive laparoscopic total extraperitoneal excision. Approaching the hydrocele from the medial side of the inferior epigastric vessels across the transversalis fascia may be useful.
Who can benefit from augmented reality in chemistry? Sex differences in solving stereochemistry problems using augmented reality
Authors: Habig Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper is about augmented reality (AR) and its potentials to support students in handling scientific representations. For this purpose, first representations are examined from a science educational and instructional psychology perspective. After giving a short overview of AR in general and how it can be delineated from virtual reality (VR), potential advantages of an educational use of AR are outlined considering typical difficulties of students when learning with scientific representations. Since literature frequently reports sex differences in spatial abilities, this study focuses on potential differential effects in the use of AR depending on sex. Against this background, AR might be a tool which can help to compensate for disadvantages in spatial abilities. In order to investigate this question, chemistry students had to answer 20 items related to stereochemistry, a concept that places high demands on mental spatial rotation skills. While one half of the items had to be solved using two‐dimensional (2D) ball‐and‐stick figures of molecules, the other half had to be answered with the help of AR representations. Due to the aforementioned sex differences regarding visuo‐spatial abilities between males and females found in the literature, it is hypothesized that AR representations will support all students but females in particular by reducing cognitive load. If this assumption is correct, the AR items would have to be correctly solved by the students more often than the 2D items. The results of analyses of variance indeed reveal a significant effect of the sex variable dependent on the type of representation. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to survey the students’ attitudes towards learning with the AR app used.