bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reliability between Placido Topography and Scheimpflug Topography in Normal Corneas with Astigmatism less Than 0.50 Dc
Authors: Pateras E. , Nousi A. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This Clinical research was targeted to experimentally investigate the reliability between Placido topography and Scheimpflug topography in normal corneas with astigmatism ≤ ±0.50 Dc by comparing the refractive powers at the 4 main meridians (180⁰ - 90⁰) in order to study any differences between the two topographers and their reliability. Comparing the reliability measurements of Placido disk topography (CSO- Modi 02 Corneal Topographer with Phoenix Full & Pupil Module Software) with those of a high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam-Oculus,) and assess the agreement between these two topographers in measuring corneal power in normal eyes without astigmatism (≤ 0.50 Dc).
Methods and Materials: Measurements were taken from 56 eyes corresponding to a proportion of patients, of which 26 were men with a mean age of ± 30 years and 30 were women with a mean age of ± 27 years. Refractive power maps were taken from the anterior cornea, having results for the steep meridian value (Ks), the flat meridian value (Kf), mean keratometric value (Km), and cornea astigmatism (Ks-Kf). The same examiner took all the data from measuring these 56 eyes. The results for each refractive map from the two topographers was taken with values for meridians (180⁰- 90⁰). Then the there was a statistical analysis comparing the values of (CSO) and (Pentacam) for those 56 eyes measured.
Results: The statistical analysis for all meridians based on the results and as far as normal corneas with astigmatism ≤ ±0.50 Dc are concerned, the Placido topography (CSO) and Scheimpflug imaging technique (Pentacam), can be considered as equivalent in terms of diagnostic credibility and accuracy for primary health care, fitting contact lenses, etc. as the correlation coefficient r did not show any important differences for both instruments. For the 90⁰ meridian the correlation coefficient was 0.79, Significance level P=0.0001 and 95% confidence interval ranges from 0.67 to 0.87. For the 180⁰ meridian the correlation coefficient was 0.48, Significance level P<0.0001 and 95% confidence interval ranges from 0.25 to 0.66.
Conclusion: In terms of diagnosis of pathology and follow-up, contact lens fitting especially for the anterior cornea surface these two instruments can work quite the same that’s why a small clinical practitioner should have at least a Placido topographer. Corneal topography is an important instrument in order to measure the shape and refractive power of the cornea. Corneal topography gives practitioners an important tool to fit contact lenses asses the power and the cornea shape and helps to evaluate complications of the contact lens in relation with the corneal surface. These instruments continue to develop techniques and software in order to investigate and evaluate corneal surfaces and the integrity of the tear film, so that they can provide better solutions for their contact lens patients.
hiPS‐Derived Astroglia Model Shows Temporal Transcriptomic Profile Related to Human Neural Development and Glia Competence Acquisition of a Maturing Astrocytic Identity
Authors: Lundin Anders , Ricchiuto Piero , Clausen Maryam , Hicks Ryan , Falk Anna , Herland Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAstrocyte biology has a functional and cellular diversity only observed in humans. The understanding of the regulatory network governing outer radial glia (RG), responsible for the expansion of the outer subventricular zone (oSVZ), and astrocyte cellular development remains elusive, partly since relevant human material to study these features is not readily available. A human‐induced pluripotent stem cell derived astrocytic model, NES‐Astro, has been recently developed, with high expression of astrocyte‐associated markers and high astrocyte‐relevant functionality. Here it is studied how the NES‐Astro phenotype develops during specification and its correlation to known RG and astrocyte characteristics in human brain development. It is demonstrated that directed differentiation of neurogenic long‐term neuroepithelial stem cells undergo a neurogenic‐to‐gliogenic competence preferential change, acquiring a glial fate. Temporal transcript profiles of long‐ and small RNA corroborate previously shown neurogenic restriction by glia‐associated let‐7 expression. Furthermore, NES‐Astro differentiation displays proposed mechanistic features important for the evolutionary expansion of the oSVZ together with an astroglia/astrocyte transcriptome. The NES‐Astro generation is a straight‐forward differentiation protocol from stable and expandable neuroepithelial stem cell lines derived from iPS cells. Thus, the NES‐Astro is an easy‐access cell system with high biological relevance for studies of mechanistic traits of glia and astrocyte.
Mesh versus suture in elective repair of umbilical hernia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Madsen L J , Oma E , Jorgensen L N , Jensen K K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Mesh repair of umbilical hernia has been associated with a reduced recurrence rate compared with suture closure, but potentially at the expense of increased postoperative complications and chronic pain. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the outcomes after elective open mesh and suture repair for umbilical hernia in adults.

Methods
A literature search was conducted to identify studies presenting original data on elective open mesh and suture repair of umbilical hernia. The primary outcome was hernia recurrence. Secondary outcomes included surgical-site infection (SSI), seroma, haematoma and chronic pain. Meta-analyses were undertaken.

Results
The search resulted in 5353 hits and led to 14 studies being included (6 RCTs and 8 observational studies) describing a total of 2361 patients. Compared with suture, mesh repair was associated with a lower risk of recurrence (risk ratio (RR) 0·48, 95 per cent c.i. 0·30 to 0·77), with number needed to treat 19 (95 per cent c.i. 14 to 31). Mesh repair was associated with a higher risk of seroma (RR 2·37, 1·45 to 3·87), with number needed to harm 30 (17 to 86). There was no significant difference in the risk of SSI, haematoma or chronic pain.

Conclusion
The use of mesh in elective repair of umbilical hernia reduced the risk of recurrence compared with suture closure without altering the risk of chronic pain.
Utilizing family systems theory in financial therapy
Authors: Archuleta Kristy L. , Lutter Sonya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFinancial planning practitioners and researchers recognize the connection between client behavior and financial goal attainment. However, clients must change or do something different in order to meet their stated goals. In order to do this, researchers must look at how clients think and feel about money, their beliefs about money, and how they relate to others in regards to money to motivate change. Financial therapy integrates cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and relational aspects of money to promote overall client well‐being by utilizing evidenced‐based approaches borrowed from mental health disciplines. The purpose of this paper is to introduce financial therapy through the lens of family systems theory, the foundational theory of marriage and family therapy discipline, as a way to understand why clients do what they do in regards to money and associated approaches to help clients achieve optimal well‐being.
Structure‐Activity Relationship of Phenylpyrazolones against Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Sijm Maarten , Sterk Geert Jan , Caljon Guy , Maes Louis , de Esch Iwan J. P. , Leurs Rob 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and currently affects around 8 million people. Previously, 2‐isopropyl‐5‐(4‐methoxy‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)phenyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐one (NPD‐0227) was discovered to be a sub‐micromolar inhibitor (pIC50=6.4) of T. cruzi. So far, SAR investigations of this scaffold have focused on the alkoxy substituent, the pyrazolone nitrogen substituent and the aromatic substituent of the core phenylpyrazolone. In this study, modifications of the phenyldihydropyrazolone scaffold are described. Variations were introduced by installing different substituents on the phenyl core, modifying the geminal dimethyl and installing various bio‐isosteres of the dihydropyrazolone group. The anti T. cruzi activity of NPD‐0227 could not be surpassed as the most potent compounds show pIC50 values of around 6.3. However, valuable additional SAR data for this interesting scaffold was obtained, and the data suggest that a scaffold hop is feasible as the pyrazolone moiety can be replaced by a oxazole or oxadiazole with minimal loss of activity.
Polymyalgia rheumatica in a melanoma patient 11 months after completion of immunotherapy with nivolumab
Authors: Lobo Yolanka , Good Phillip , Murphy Felicity 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionised the treatment of several cancers but can also lead to the development of immune‐related adverse effects including dermatologic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, hepatic, pulmonary and less commonly, rheumatic toxicities. Toxicities associated with ICI therapy can occur several months or even years after initiation. Case reports of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) associated with nivolumab use are rare. We herein describe, for the first time, a case of PMR in a melanoma patient after cessation of treatment with nivolumab.CaseAn 88‐year‐old man with a history of stage IV M1c BRAF wild‐type melanoma presented with a 1 month history of arthralgias and morning stiffness, predominantly affecting the shoulders and hips, associated with fatigue and weight loss. He had undergone wide local excision of a primary malignant melanoma in the left buttock region several years prior. Immunotherapy with nivolumab was initiated following disease relapse with multiple metastases. Nivolumab was discontinued due to demonstration of complete metabolic response on serial positron emission and computed tomography scans. Symptoms appeared 11 months after completion of treatment. A diagnosis of PMR was made and treatment with oral prednisone was initiated leading to complete resolution of symptoms within 1 week. We believe that the development of PMR in our patient was likely precipitated by nivolumab.ConclusionThis case demonstrates that PMR, although rare, may occur as an adverse effect both during and after treatment with nivolumab, leading to disabling symptoms and poor quality of life. Prompt diagnosis is crucial to enable timely commencement of corticosteroid therapy in order to avoid further impact on morbidity and mortality for cancer patients. This case highlights the importance of prompt referral to rheumatology, as well as the need for close collaboration between oncologists and rheumatologists to accurately diagnose and successfully manage these patients.
The Role of Lone‐Pair Electrons in Pt–N Interactions for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Ham Kahyun , Shin Dongyoon , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Jaeyoung Lee at the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST). The cover image shows how the lone‐pair electrons on N atoms could play a role in both uniform nucleation of Pt nanoparticles and facile oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Strong Pt−N interaction based on π‐backdonation improves not only the activity of the ORR but also the durability in the polymer exchange membrane fuel cells. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201903403.
The practical ethics of Johnnetta Betsch Cole: The life of a Black feminist anthropologist
Authors: Williams Erica L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the Summer of 2018 I was honored to interview Dr. Johnnetta Betsch Cole at the Democratizing Knowledge Summer Institute held at Spelman College. This candid conversation is a testament to Dr. Cole's black feminist praxis – to her commitment to “living a feminist life” (Ahmed 2017). It also reveals how her myriad life experiences ‐ her praxis as a scholar, a mentor, a mother, a descendant of notable ancestors, an institution builder, and more – have shaped her practical ethics. Dr. Cole's personal and professional journeys show us what it means to enact and uphold feminist practices in kinship, mentoring, research, relationship‐building, as well as institution‐building. This interview offers an opportunity to reflect on the insights and wisdom that Dr. Cole has to offer a new generation of engaged black feminist anthropologists in a time of increasing neoliberalization and corporatization of the academy.
Features of Cattaneo‐Christov heat flux model for Stagnation point flow of a Jeffrey fluid impinging over a stretching sheet: A numerical study
Authors: Mabood Fazle , Imtiaz Maria , Hayat Tasawar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present work focuses on a two‐dimensional steady incompressible stagnation point flow of a Jeffery fluid over a stretching sheet. The Cattaneo‐Christov heat flux model is incorporated into this study. Simulation is conducted via the Runge‐Kutta fourth‐order cum shooting method for the transformed system of nonlinear equations. The influence of the governing parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, skin friction, streamlines, and isotherms is incorporated. A significant outcome of the current investigation is that an increase in the relaxation time parameter uplifts temperature; however, a gradual decrease is observed in the velocity field. Another important outcome of the present analysis is that the momentum boundary layer augments due to an increase in the Deborah number; however, a decrease is observed in the temperature. Furthermore, it is also observed that the skin friction coefficient escalates with an increase in the relaxation time parameter for the assisting flow, but a reverse trend is observed for the opposing flow.
Co‐targeting bromodomain and extra‐terminal proteins and MCL1 induces synergistic cell death in melanoma
Authors: Tseng Hsin‐Yi , Dreyer Jan , Emran Abdullah Al , Gunatilake Dilini , Pirozyan Mehdi , Cullinane Carleen , Dutton‐Regester Ken , Rizos Helen , Hayward Nicholas K. , McArthur Grant , Hersey Peter , Tiffen Jessamy , Gallagher Stuart 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe treatment of melanoma has been markedly improved by the introduction of targeted therapies and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Unfortunately, resistance to these therapies remains a limitation. Novel anticancer therapeutics targeting the MCL1 anti‐apoptotic protein have shown impressive responses in haematological cancers but are yet to be evaluated in melanoma. To assess the sensitivity of melanoma to new MCL1 inhibitors, we measured the response of 51 melanoma cell lines to the novel MCL1 inhibitor, S63845. Additionally, we assessed combination of this drug with inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) protein family of epigenetic readers, which we postulated would assist MCL1 inhibition by downregulating anti‐apoptotic targets regulated by NF‐kB such as BCLXL, BCL2A1 and XIAP, and by upregulating pro‐apoptotic proteins including BIM and NOXA. Only 14% of melanoma cell lines showed sensitivity to S63845, however, combination of S63845 and I‐BET151 induced highly synergistic apoptotic cell death in all melanoma lines tested and in an in vivo xenograft model. Cell death was dependent on caspases and BAX/BAK. Although the combination of drugs increased the BH3‐only protein, BIM, and downregulated anti‐apoptotic proteins such as BCL2A1, the importance of these proteins in inducing cell death varied between cell lines. ABT‐199 or ABT‐263 inhibitors against BCL2 or BCL2 and BCLXL, respectively, induced further cell death when combined with S63845 and I‐BET151. The combination of MCL1 and BET inhibition appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for metastatic melanoma, and presents opportunities to add further BCL2 family inhibitors to overcome treatment resistance.
Shear Wave Velocity Measurements of the Median Nerve in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Yalçın Kadihan , Çakar Demir Bilge 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesChronic dialysis causes changes in the structure of median nerve. This is a risk for the development of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients on dialysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of shear wave velocity (SWV) and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) to detect the structural changes of the median nerve in patients with end‐stage chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis 3 times per week and 26 healthy controls were included. None of the participants had any signs or symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome specified according to the criteria of the American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameters. Both patients and controls underwent sonographic and elastographic examinations of the median nerves in both hands to evaluate CSA and SWV values, and they were compared regarding these parameters.ResultsThe mean CSA of the median nerve in the chronic hemodialysis group was significantly higher than that in the control group (12.74 ± 1.88 mm2 versus 8.89 ± 1.45 mm2; P < .001). The mean longitudinal and axial SWV values in the hemodialysis group (3.86 ± 0.54 m/s and 3.92 ± 0.52 m/s, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (2.98 ± 0.31 m/s and 3.04 ± 0.31 m/s, respectively; P < .001).ConclusionsPatients on chronic hemodialysis had higher mean CSA and SWV values of the median nerve compared with the healthy controls. Structural changes in the median nerve that occur in patients on chronic hemodialysis can be detected by shear‐wave sonoelastography.
Cochlear turns measurements in patients with meningitis: A histopathological study
Authors: Pauna Henrique F. , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin , Hyppolito Miguel A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the cochlear turns area changes among patients with a history of meningitis, through otopatologic study.MethodsWe performed an analysis of the area of the bony cochlear turns and the cochlear lumen of the horizontal sections containing the modiolus and the area of the basal turn at the level of round window, in temporal bones obtained from patients with a history of meningitis and compared to a nondiseased control group.ResultsThe mean area of the bony walls and the lumen of all cochlear turns are reduced within the meningitis group. Patients who presented a time from the diagnosis of meningitis to death longer than 30 days had a significant reduction in the cochlear turns area, as compared to the control group.ConclusionFuture studies may further correlate audiologic outcomes, cochlear volume, and cochlear area among patients with meningitis.
Enhancement of the Molecular Ordering via the Polymerization of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene‐Based Two‐Monomer‐Connected Precursor with 4,4‐Biphenyldisulfonic Acid
Authors: Kim Wonbin , Lee Hong‐Joon , Lee Hannui , Yoo Seung Jo , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe polymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)‐based two‐monomer‐connected precursors in various solvent systems leads to improved crystallinity, compared to poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) synthesized from traditional route. The P(EDOT:BPDSA:EDOT) is ordered by using 4,4‐biphenyldisulfonic acid (BPDSA) that is a connector and dopant linking EDOT monomers. The crystallinity, measured from X‐ray diffraction studies, is increased when using short chain or hydrophobic solvents. The crystallinity of P(EDOT:BPDSA:EDOT) significantly increases up to 45.0% compared to polymer with other sulfonic acids, bifunctional 1,2‐ethanesulfonic acid, and monofunctional methanesulfonic acid (MSA). The crystal structure is also confirmed from high‐voltage electron microscope. From these studies, it is confirmed that P(EDOT:BPDSA:EDOT) has an orthorhombic structure, which has the unit cell lattice parameters of a = 1.44 nm, b = 0.98 nm, and c = 1.18 nm from fast Fourier transform pattern images. The electrical conductivity is increased about four times with BPDSA (0.21 S cm−1) when compared using MSA (0.06 S cm−1).
Biobased Amphiphilic Block Copolymers by RAFT‐Mediated PISA in Green Solvent
Authors: Coumes Fanny , Balarezo Mauricio , Rieger Jutta , Stoffelbach François 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiobased amphiphilic diblock copolymers are prepared thanks to the combination of reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization and polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) in an eco‐friendly solvent mixture. First, the formation of a poly(acrylic acid) macroRAFT agent (PAA‐TTC) is performed in water at 70 °C. Then, in a series of experiments, the PAA‐TTC macroRAFT agent is used directly, without purification, as both chain transfer agent and stabilizing agent in the RAFT‐PISA of menthyl acrylate (MnA) in dispersion in an ethanol/water mixture. The polymerizations of MnA are fast with high final conversions and well‐controlled amphiphilic diblock copolymers are synthesized. Stable, sub‐micrometric spherical particles composed of the diblock copolymers are formed. The influence of the monomer concentration and the length of the solvophobic block on the diameter of the self‐assemblies is studied by means of dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron‐microscopy.
Exploring the Relationship between FEV1 Loss and Recovery and Aminoglycoside Pharmacokinetics in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Implications for Clinical Dosing Strategies
Authors: Hoff Brian M. , Scheetz Marc H. , Jain Manu , Cullina Joanne F. , Rhodes Nathaniel J. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveSystemic aminoglycosides remain a cornerstone of treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations (PEx); however, the impact of aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics (PK) on outcomes is not well defined in adult CF patients. Our objective was to assess the impact of increasing PK exposures on the clinical outcomes of PEx treatment in adult CF patients receiving high‐dose and standard‐dose extended‐interval aminoglycosides.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of adult CF patients treated with an intravenous aminoglycoside for a PEx. Serum amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin levels and forced expiratory volume over 1 second (FEV1) data were used to evaluate exposure‐response relationships. PK parameters were estimated using a Bayesian approach to obtain area under the curve (AUC)0–24 hr, maximum concentration (Cmax0–24 hr), and minimum concentration (Cmin0–24 hr) estimates. The primary efficacy end point was a 90% recovery of baseline FEV1 by 30 days posttreatment. Toxicity included signs or symptoms of ototoxicity, vestibular toxicity, or renal toxicity. Multivariate linear mixed‐effects models of FEV1 were used for exposure‐response analysis.ResultsThe study included 51 patients who contributed 188 FEV1 observations. There were 3.0 ± 1.7 (mean ± SD) aminoglycoside concentrations per patient. The mean AUC0–24 hr, Cmax0–24 hr, and Cmin0–24 hr across all agents and patients were 156 ± 96 mg*hr/L, 29.9 ± 12.7 mg/L, and 0.35 ± 0.66 mg/L, respectively. A total of 42 amikacin‐, gentamicin‐, or tobramycin‐treated patients contributed to the efficacy analysis, of whom 85.7% experienced recovery posttreatment. Of the 51 included patients, 6 (11.8%) experienced seven toxicity events. In exploratory exposure‐response analyses, neither AUC0–24 hr nor Cmax0–24 hr was associated with FEV1 values after adjusting for clinical covariates and baseline FEV1.ConclusionsIncreasing aminoglycoside AUC0–24 hr and Cmax0–24 hr were not associated with FEV1 during PEx treatment. Although individualizing aminoglycoside dosing in adult CF patients is necessary to minimize toxicity risk, more work is needed to define optimally safe and effective dosing strategies for this population.