bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound versus manipulation to determine an intercostal space for single-port thoracoscopy surgery: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: li chenxi , Wang Jianjun , Ma Zeheng , Li Bing , Kang Kang , Wei Li , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background:Malposition of the intercostal space used for single-port thoracoscopy surgery can lead to severe problems for patients under general anesthesia. The focus of this study was to assess the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound in verifying the correct position of the intercostal space used for single-port thoracoscopy surgery.
Methods:
A total of 200 patientsaged18 to 65 years and classified as ASA status I-Ⅲ who underwent selective single-port thoracoscopic lobectomy were enrolled. After the induction of anesthesia, the patients were placed in a lateral position. An independent thoracic team left the operating room after confirming the incision position. First, the intercostal space was located by a young resident thoracic surgeon (working experience less than 1 year),andthe young thoracic surgeon left the operating room after he or she determined the location. Second, the intercostal space was located by a highly experienced thoracic surgeon (working experience more than 20 years) by manipulation; afterwards, the highly experienced thoracic surgeon left the operating room.Finally, the operation was started by a fixed independent thoracic team. After the chest cavity was opened, the final investigator verified the location of the intercostal space under direct vision through thoracoscopy.The timerequired by ultrasound and manipulation were also recorded.
Results:
There wereno differences between the manipulation and ultrasound methods in terms of accuracy, which was 87.2%(95% CI0.871-0.873) and 85.6%(95% CI0.854-0.857),respectively (p> 0.05). The inter-relationships between ultrasound and the standard method and between manipulation and the standard method were consistent (p<0.05). Manipulation positioning showed a sensitivity of 90.6% (95% CI0.862-0.950) and specificity of 30%(95% CI0.016-0.584), while ultrasound positioning showed a sensitivity of 87.1%(95% CI0.820-0.921) and specificity of 60%(95% CI0.296-0.904).Compared with that of manipulation positioning, the specificity of ultrasound positioning was higher (p<0.05).No differences inPPV and NPV were found between manipulation and ultrasound positioning (p> 0.05). The timerequired by ultrasound (30.37±17.01s) was significantly shorter than that required by manipulation (41.31±35.42 s)(p<0.05).
Conclusions:
Compared with the manipulation method, the ultrasound-guided methodcould accurately locate the intercostal space for single-port thoracoscopy surgery.Ultrasound requires less time than manipulation.

Trial registration:ISRCTN10722758. Registered 04 June 2019
Keywords：Intercostal space; Positioning; Ultrasound; Manipulation;
The relationship between symptom burden and systemic inflammation differs between male and female athletes following concussion.
Authors: Battista Alex P Di , Churchill Nathan , Rhind Shawn G. , Richards Doug , Hutchison Michael G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Inflammation appears to be an important component of concussion pathophysiology. However, its relationship to symptom burden is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers measured in the blood of male and female athletes following sport-related concussion (SRC). Results Forty athletes (n = 20 male, n = 20 female) from nine interuniversity sport teams at a single institution provided blood samples within one week of an SRC. Twenty inflammatory biomarkers were quantitated by immunoassay. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool version 5 (SCAT-5) was used to evaluate symptoms. Partial least squares (PLS) analyses were used to evaluate the relationship(s) between biomarkers and symptoms. In males, a positive correlation between interferon (IFN)-g and symptom severity was observed following SRC. The relationship between IFN-g and symptoms was significant among all symptom clusters, with cognitive symptoms displaying the largest effect. In females, a significant negative relationship was observed between symptom severity and cytokines IFN-g, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and myeloperoxidase (MPO); a positive relationship was observed between symptom severity and MCP-4. Inflammatory mediators were significantly associated with all symptom clusters in females; the somatic symptom cluster displayed the largest effect. Conclusion: These results provide supportive evidence for a divergent role of inflammation on symptom burden in male and female athletes following SRC. Future investigations in SRC should be cognizant of the potentially sex-specific pathophysiology underlying symptom presentation.
Electric vagal nerve stimulation inhibits inflammation and improves early postoperation cognitive dysfunction in aged rats
Authors: Xiong Jun , Wang Huijun , Bao Yin , Guo Yuliang , Sun Yongxing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate effects of electric vagal nerve stimulation on early postoperation cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Methods: A total of 33 male Sprague Dawley rats were selected and assigned randomly to three groups, control group (C, n=10), splenectomy group (S, n=10) and splenectomy+vagal nerve stimulation group (SV, n=13). Behavior and memory of rats were evaluated by Open Field Test and Morris Water Maze. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were measured by ELISA. The level of TNF-α protein in hippocampus was assessed by Western blotting. rt-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of NF-κB in hippocampus. Results: During anesthesia/operation, vital life signs of rats were stable. In SV group, vagal nerve stimulation decreased heart rate lower than 10% of basic level and kept it at a stable range by regulating stimulation intensity. After stimulation stop, heart rate returned to the basic level again. This indicated that the model of vagal nerve stimulation was successful. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased by the operation/anesthesia, but they decreased with vagal nerve stimulation (all P<0.05). TNF-α protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB in hippocampus were also eliminated by vagal nerve stimulation compared to S group (P<0.05). Results of Morris Water Maze showed escape latency of postoperation in S group was significantly longer than C group (P<0.05), and times of crossing platform in S group was lower than that of C group (P<0.05). Although escape latency of postopration in SV group was shorter than that of S group, there was no significant difference between two groups. Meanwhile there were no significant differences of behavior test in Open Field test between three groups, although vagal nerve stimulation improved partly active explore behavior compared to S group. Conclusion The inflammation caused by operation and general anesthesia was an important reason of early postoperation cognitive dysfunction, and electric vagal nerve stimulation could inhibit the inflammation. Meanwhile, vagal nerve stimulation could ameliorate early postoperation cognitive dysfunction partly, but its protective effects were not enough and should be studied and improved in future.
Assessing Nitrogen Limitation in Inoculated Soybean in Southern Brazil
Authors: Ambrosini Vítor Gabriel , Vieira Fontoura Sandra Mara , Paulo de Moraes Renato , Carciochi Walter , Ciampitti Ignacio A. , Bayer Cimélio 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Soybean yield did not respond to low starter fertilizer N rates in soils with high organic matter content.
Nitrogen limitation tended to be greater in low compared with medium‐high yield levels.
Nitrogen limitation is potentially related to lower contribution of N coming from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and mineralization.
Overcoming potential N limitation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a critical factor for sustaining plant nutrient demand and improving productivity. Following this rationale, a set of studies were executed in southern Brazil with the goals of quantifying yield response to early season fertilizer N rates (up to 40 kg ha−1), “starter N fertilization,” and to understand if soybean seed yields are limited by N (testing a non‐limiting N scenario) when grown in soils with medium to high organic matter content. The main key outcomes of this research were: (i) starter N fertilization did not increase yields compared with non‐fertilized soybean, potentially highlighting the absence of an early season N limitation; and (ii) N limitation was observed when soybean yields were compared with non‐limiting N scenario and it tended to be greater in low compared with medium‐high yield levels, potentially connected with co‐limitations on both N sources (N2 fixation and mineralization) to satisfy soybean N demand. Producing soybean in a sustainable manner implies focus on production practices to conserve and, potentially, to increase soil organic matter on a long‐term basis. Furthermore, it requires enhancing the biological N2 fixation process for satisfying the large plant N demand for achieving high soybean yields. Future research should be focused on understanding factors governing biological N2 fixation and N mineralization processes in soybean grown in soils with medium‐high organic matter content.
Negevite, the pyrite-type NiP2, a new terrestrial phosphide
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Murashko Michail N. , Vapnik Yevgeny , Polekhovsky Yury S. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Negevite, ideally NiP2, is a new phosphide mineral from pyrometamorphic complex of the Hatrurim Formation (the Mottled Zone), Southern Levant. It is found in phosphide assemblages of the Hatrurim Basin, south Negev Desert, Israel, and Daba-Siwaqa complex, Jordan. The mineral occurs as tiny isometric grains reaching 15 μm in size and forms intimate intergrowths with other phosphides related to the Fe-Ni-P system. In reflected light, negevite is white with yellowish tint and isotropic. Reflectance values for COM recommended wavelengths [R (%), λ (nm)] are as follows: 54.6 (470), 55.0 (546), 55.3 (589), 55.6 (650). Chemical composition of the holotype specimen (electron micro-probe, wt%): Ni 42.57, Co 3.40, Fe 2.87, P 42.93, S 8.33, total 100.10, corresponding to the empirical formula (Ni0.88Co0.07Fe0.06)Σ1.01(P1.68S0.31)Σ1.99. The crystal structure of negevite was solved and refined to R1 = 1.73% based on 52 independent observed [I &gt;2σ(I)] reflections. The mineral is cubic, space group Pa3, a = 5.4816(5) Å, V = 164.71(3) Å3, and Z = 4. Dx = 4.881(1) g/cm3 calculated on the basis of the empirical formula. Negevite is a first natural phosphide belonging to the pyrite structure type. It is a chemical and structural analog of vaesite, NiS2, krutovite, NiAs2, and penroseite, NiSe2. The well-explored catalytic and photocatalytic properties of a synthetic counterpart of negevite could provide new insights into the possible role of higher phosphides as a source of low-valent phosphorus in prebiotic phosphorylation processes.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Özel Gereksinimli Öğrencilere Bireyselleştirilmiş Eğitim Planı (BEP) Hazırlanması/Uygulanması Hakkındaki Görüşleri
Authors: AYANOĞLU Çiğdem , GÜR ERDOĞAN Duygu 
Published: November 2019

Bu araştırmada, okul yöneticilerinin (müdür/müdür yardımcısı) özel gereksinimli öğrencilere Bireyselleştirilmiş Eğitim Planı (BEP) hazırlanması ve uygulanması hakkındaki görüşlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 20 okulda görev yapan 36 gönüllü yönetici oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulmuş açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan soru formları ile elde edilmiş, verilerinanalizinde betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, yöneticilerin çoğunluğunun özel gereksinimli öğrenciler için BEP hazırlanması/uygulanmasının gerekliliğine inandığı, BEP hazırlanması/uygulanması konusunda bilgilerinin kısmen yeterli olduğu, bu konuda daha önce eğitim almadıkları ve eğitime ihtiyaç duydukları belirlenmiştir. Okulların büyük çoğunluğunda BEP geliştirme birimi kurulduğu, bu birimlerin çalışmalarının kısmen amacına ulaştığı, ancak özel gereksinimli öğrenciler için hazırlanan/uygulanan BEP’lerden öğretmen ve yöneticilerden, eğitim durumlarından (öğrenme-öğretme süreci), Rehberlik Araştırma Merkezlerinden (RAM) ve özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin velilerinden kaynaklanan birtakım sorunlar nedeniyle kısmen yarar sağlandığı belirlenmiştir. Karşılaşılan bu sorunlara görüşülen yöneticiler tarafından çözüm önerileri getirilmiş ve bir takım yasal düzenlemelerin gerekliliği belirtilmiştir.
Flood prediction based on weather parameters using deep learning
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Suresh , Prabhakar Malavika , Satish Sreesta , Jain Prerna , Ramprasad Anjali , Krishnan Aiswarya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Today, India is one of the worst flood-affected countries in the world, with the recent disaster in Kerala in August 2018 being a prime example. A good amount of work has been carried out by employing Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) techniques in the past for flood occurrence based on rainfall, humidity, temperature, water flow, water level etc. However, the challenge is that no one has attempted the possibility of occurrence of flood based on temperature and rainfall intensity. So accordingly Deep Neural Network has been employed for predicting the occurrence of flood based on temperature and rainfall intensity. In addition, a deep learning model is compared with other machine learning models (support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Naïve Bayes) in terms of accuracy and error. The results indicate that the deep neural network can be efficiently used for flood forecasting with highest accuracy based on monsoon parameters only before flood occurrence.
Nano-ZrO2/TiO2 Impregnated Orange Wood Sawdust and Peach Stone Shell Adsorbents for Cr (VI) Removal
Authors: Parlayıcı Şerife , Sezer Kübra Tuna , Pehlivan Erol 
Published: November 2019

Background:In this work, Cr (VI) adsorption on nano-ZrO2๏TiO2 impregnated orange wood sawdust (Zr๏Ti/OWS) and nano-ZrO2๏TiO2 impregnated peach stone shell (Zr๏Ti/PSS) was investigated by applying different adsorption parameters such as Cr (VI) concentrations, contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH for all adsorbents.Methods:The adsorbents were characterized by SEM and FT-IR. The equilibrium status was achieved after 120 min of contact time and optimum pH value around 2 were determined for Cr (VI) adsorption. Adsorption data in the equilibrium is well-assembled by the Langmuir model during the adsorption process.Results:Langmuir isotherm model showed a maximum adsorption value of OWS: 21.65 mg/g and Zr๏Ti/OWS: 27.25 mg/g. The same isotherm displayed a maximum adsorption value of PSS: 17.64 mg/g, and Zr๏Ti/PSS: 31.15 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order kinetic models (R2=0.99) were found to be the best models for describing the Cr (VI) adsorption reactions.Conclusıon:Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° have been estimated, and the process was found to be spontaneous.
Pharmacotherapy of Down’s Syndrome: When and Which?
Authors: Tayebati Seyed K. , Cecchi Alessandro , Martinelli Ilenia , Carboni Elisa , Amenta Francesco 
Published: November 2019

:
Down Syndrome (DS) is an essential genetic disease that involves many other body systems
along with cerebral functions. The postnatal approach to treat this genetic disease includes intervention
on various related disorders (e.g., heart failure, respiratory, oral, ear, and hearing disorders). However,
different proposed treatments do not significantly improve the quality of life of these subjects. Another
approach to the treatment of DS considering the possibility to intervene on the embryo was recently
introduced. As of this, the current study has reviewed different outcomes regarding DS treatment in an
animal model, namely the Ts65Dn mouse. The obtained results encouraged spending more time, efforts,
and resources in this field. Besides, various treatment strategies were tried to include genetic
modification, treatment with vasoactive intestinal peptide derivatives or fluoxetine. However, the main
obstacle to the use of these possible treatments is the ethical issues it raises. The progression of the
pregnancy in spite of awareness that DS affects the unborn and prenatal treatment of DS injured embryo
are relevant dilemmas. Thus, talented researchers should spend more efforts to improve the quality
of life for people affected by DS, which will allow probably a better approach to the ethical issues.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Druggable Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Chitre Neha M. , Moniri Nader H. , Murnane Kevin S. 
Published: November 2019

:Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly associated with a complex pattern of pathophysiological hallmarks, including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which makes their treatment challenging. Omega-3 Fatty Acids (O3FA) are natural products with reported neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These effects have been attributed to their incorporation into neuronal membranes or through the activation of intracellular or recently discovered cell-surface receptors (i.e., Free-Fatty Acid Receptors; FFAR). Molecular docking studies have investigated the roles of O3FA as agonists of FFAR and have led to the development of receptor-specific targeted agonists for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, novel formulation strategies for targeted delivery of O3FA to the brain have supported their development as therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the compelling evidence of the beneficial effects of O3FA for several neuroprotective functions, they are currently only available as unregulated dietary supplements, with only a single FDA-approved prescription product, indicated for triglyceride reduction. This review highlights the relative safety and efficacy of O3FA, their drug-like properties, and their capacity to be formulated in clinically viable drug delivery systems. Interestingly, the presence of cardiac conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia is associated with brain pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as neuroinflammation, thereby further suggesting potential therapeutic roles of O3FA for neurodegenerative disorders. Taken together, this review article summarizes and integrates the compelling evidence regarding the feasibility of developing O3FA and their synthetic derivatives as potential drugs for neurodegenerative disorders.
A Review for Lithium: Pharmacokinetics, Drug Design, and Toxicity
Authors: Wen Jinhua , Sawmiller Darrell , Wheeldon Brendan , Tan Jun 
Published: November 2019

:
Lithium as a mood stabilizer has been used as the standard pharmacological treatment for
Bipolar Disorder (BD) for more than 60 years. Recent studies have also shown that it has the potential
for the treatment of many other neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and
Huntington’s disease, through its neurotrophic, neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
Therefore, exploring its pharmacokinetic features and designing better lithium preparations are
becoming important research topics. We reviewed many studies on the pharmacokinetics, drug design
and toxicity of lithium based on recent relevant research from PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier and
Springer databases. Keywords used for searching references were lithium, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics,
drug design and toxicity. Lithium is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal
tract after oral administration. Its level is initially highest in serum and then is evidently redistributed
to various tissue compartments. It is not metabolized and over 95% of lithium is excreted unchanged
through the kidney, but different lithium preparations may have different pharmacokinetic
features. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic window limited by various adverse effects, but some novel
drugs of lithium may overcome these problems. Various formulations of lithium have the potential for
treating neurodegenerative brain diseases but further study on their pharmacokinetics will be required
in order to determine the optimal formulation, dosage and route of administration.
Performance of High Molecular Weight Osmotic Solution for Opuntia Betacyanin Concentration by Forward Osmosis
Authors: Rathna Ravichandran , Nakkeeran Ekambaram 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Forward osmosis is a sustainable membrane process employed for concentrating
thermo-sensitive compounds to minimize storage and transportation costs with improved shelf life.

Objective:
In this study, the intervention of high molecular weight osmotic agents in the concentration
of Opuntia betacyanin using forward osmosis was studied. Furthermore, the statistical model was used
to estimate the probabilistic behavior of the forward osmosis process during concentration.

Method:
By using 2k-full factor analysis, the hydrodynamic variables, such as flow rate (50 and 150
mL/min) and temperature (20 and 50ºC) of the feed solution and osmotic agent solution (OAS) were selected.
The study focused on inquiring and developing a statistically significant mathematical model using
four independent variables on transmembrane flux, concentration factor and concentrate recovery.

Results:
Betacyanin feed flow rate of 50 mL/min at 28ºC, and OAS flow rate of 150 mL/min at 50ºC
were determined as optimal conditions with a 2.5-fold increase in total soluble solids for a processing
time of 4 h. Furthermore, forward osmosis enhanced the betacyanin concentration from 898 to 1004
mg/L and 98.7% recovery with 0.40 L/m2h transmembrane flux with comparable improvement in its
physicochemical characteristics. The lower p-value of the main effects on the responses validated the
significance of the process parameters on betacyanin concentration.

Conclusion:
The study suggested that a high molecular weight sucrose could be used as an osmotic
agent for the concentration of Opuntia betacyanin during forward osmosis.
HOW PRIOR KNOWLEDGE, PROSPECT, AND LEARNING BEHAVIOUR DETERMINE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF BIPA STUDENTS?
Authors: Suyitno Imam , Pratiwi Yuni , Roekhan Roekhan , Martutik Martutik 
Published: November 2019

Many learning theories explain that prior knowledge, prospects, and learning behavior affect student learning outcomes. Related with these theories, this study aimed to describe these three variables for graduate students and their correlation in learning in the BIPA elective program (Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing/Indonesian Language for Native Speakers). In addition, this study also described the implications of these three variables on student learning outcomes. Therefore, this study used a quantitative approach involving 17 graduate students who choose BIPA specialization programs. Data about the prospects and learning behavior were collected using a questionnaire, while the student's prior knowledge data was collected using a test instrument that contained general knowledge about BIPA. Meanwhile, student learning outcomes were obtained from student achievement index modified to a standard score. Data analysis used multiple correlation techniques. The findings of the study indicate that the prior knowledge of students about BIPA is in a low category, their prospects and learning behavior are in the high category, and the achievement index shows that their learning outcomes are in the very high category. Student prior knowledge does not correlate with prospects and learning behavior, whereas student learning behavior correlates with their prospects. Simultaneously, the three variables do not correlate with their learning outcomes.