bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do properties and species of weed seeds affect their consumption by carabid beetles?
Authors: Foffová Hana , Bohan David A. , Saska Pavel 
Published: January 2021

Seed predators are an integral part of agroecosystems, where they can reduce the populations of weeds. The preference of predators for seeds and the observed predation rate may be affected by the properties of seeds (e.g. taxonomy, chemical composition, physical defence). In this work, we focused on seed consumption of Taraxacum officinale Web. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill., from France and the Czech Republic, by three species of ground beetle that are seed predators (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus), Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan). The seed species were offered in arenas, simultaneously, under three different experimental manipulations of moisture and seed coat conditions: dry and intact, water-imbibed and intact, and water-imbibed with a damaged seed coat. Seed consumption was checked after 0.5, 1, 2, 24, and 48 hours of exposure. Anchomenus dorsalis largely refused to feed on seeds. Taraxacum officinale seeds with damaged coats were most preferred by the remaining two species of carabids. The consumption by P. cupreus of T. officinale seeds with damaged coats increased from 0.18 % after 0.5 hours to 83.83 % after 48 hours, and by P. melanarius from 13.76 % after 0.5 hours to 76.77 % after 48 hours. Seeds of S. media were consumed less. There was a significant difference in consumption rates due to the country of origin of the seeds, but there were no differences between the carabid sexes. That carabids preferred water-imbibed and damaged seeds may suggest an involvement of olfactory clues in the seed selection process, and/or shorter seed-handling times.
Diagnostyka zakażeń SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Klimek-Tulwin Monika , Duma Dariusz , Wojtysiak-Duma Beata , Solski Janusz 
Published: January 2021

Pandemia COVID-19 podkreśliła znaczenie diagnostyki laboratoryjnej w ograniczaniu rozprzestrzeniania się wirusa i właściwego leczenia pacjentów z ciężkim przebiegiem choroby. Sytuacja wymagała szybkiego zwiększenia liczby testów diagnostycznych, aby umożliwić masowe badania przesiewowe, testowanie grup wysokiego ryzyka oraz ustalenie danych epidemiologicznych dotyczących wcześniejszego narażenia na SARS-CoV-2. W celu zaspokojenia zapotrzebowania na badania, przyspieszono rozwój testów molekularnych i serologicznych. Wiedza na temat metod diagnostycznych stale się rozwija, dlatego ważne jest zrozumienie natury testów i umiejętność interpretacji wyników. W niniejszym przeglądzie omówiono aktualną literaturę dotyczącą metod diagnostycznych SARS-CoV-2, markerów prognostycznych, rekomendacji dotyczących diagnostyki, wyboru odpowiedniego testu, rodzaju materiału biologicznego i interpretacji wyników w zależności od czułości testu i czasu trwania choroby. Ponadto przeanalizowano odsetek wyników pozytywnych w wybranych krajach w dwóch odległych punktach czasowych epidemii. Dalszy rozwój technik diagnostycznych i włączenie nowych technologii do diagnostyki COVID-19 może zapewnić lepsze, dokładniejsze i szybsze narzędzia kontroli i zwalczania epidemii.
ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND JOB SATISFACTION IN 21ST CENTURY HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES
Authors: Maqbool Saima , Mohamed Ismail Shaik Abdul Malik , Maqbool Saira 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: Twenty-first century has brought some fundamental changes in all types of organizations. Higher education is one being the most effected. The purpose of the current study was to explore such Work Climate dimensions that contribute towards job satisfaction in higher education institutes of Pakistan.
Methodology: Descriptive statistics were selected for data collection through two adapted questionnaires. These questionnaires were about Job Satisfaction named as Mohrman- Cokke-Mohrman Job Satisfaction Scale (MCMJSS) and Organizational Climate Questionnaire (OCQ). A sample of 386 Private Universities’ Staff was randomly selected from the five provinces of Pakistan. The data was analyzed in SPSS through Pearson correlation.
Main Findings: It revealed that all the Work Climate Dimensions were significantly correlated with job satisfaction. However, dimensions of respect, communication, innovation, direction, training, and learning were least significantly correlated as compared to the dimensions role clarity, reward system, career development, commitment, and moral, and lastly, teamwork and support. These have the highest level of correlation with job satisfaction.
Applications of this study: This research will help to improve the standards of Higher Education Institutes in Pakistan in terms of job satisfaction of the employees. Considering the findings of the study, administrators can help improve their employees' satisfaction. It is also suggested that in-depth research may be carried out involving the same variables for extensive understanding.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Educational organizations have always been an important part of the society as they provide society with the future workforce. Though such kind of studies have been conducted on other organizations, it is the first of its kind conducted in higher education institutes especially an education-wise developing country like Pakistan.
Macrophytes Du Lac Iro Au Tchad : DiversitÃ©, Typologie Phytosociologique Et Pressions
Authors: Saradoum Goy , Madjimbe Guiguindibaye , BaouyÃ© Kemkong , Gomoung Doloum , Amba Brahim Amba 
Published: January 2021

Cette Ã©tude entreprise dans le lac Iro a portÃ©e sur lâ€™estimation de la diversitÃ© macrophytique, lâ€™identification des groupements vÃ©gÃ©taux, lâ€™Ã©valuation des potentielles menaces qui pÃ¨sent sur cette vÃ©gÃ©tation et la dÃ©termination de la composition physico-chimique de lâ€™eau. Lâ€™analyse des vÃ©gÃ©tations a Ã©tÃ© faite par la technique des transects et la typologie des groupements vÃ©gÃ©taux par la mÃ©thode phytosociologique Braun-blanquetiste. Lâ€™estimation des indices de diversitÃ© et la discrimination des diffÃ©rents groupements vÃ©gÃ©taux ont Ã©tÃ© faites Ã lâ€™aide du logiciel PAST. Plusieurs matÃ©riels ont Ã©tÃ© utilisÃ©s pour dÃ©terminer la qualitÃ© de lâ€™eau. Lâ€™Ã©tude a permis de recenser 30 espÃ¨ces reparties en 21 genres et 12 familles dont 96,42% dâ€™Angiospermes et de 3,58% de PtÃ©ridophytes. Les familles les mieux reprÃ©sentÃ©es sont les Poaceae, les Fabaceae et les Cyperaceae. Les espÃ¨ces les plus frÃ©quentes et prÃ©sentes sur presque tous les transects sont : Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa stagnina, Neptunia oleracea, Ceratophyllum demersum et Pistia stratioites. Il a Ã©tÃ© distinguÃ© 6 groupements dont certains peuvent Ãªtre intÃ©grÃ©s dans des syntaxons existants dans dâ€™autres Ã©cosystÃ¨mes lacustres. La qualitÃ© de lâ€™eau est globalement favorable au dÃ©veloppement des espÃ¨ces aquatiques mais souvent polluÃ©e dans les parties trÃ¨s frÃ©quentÃ©es. Les pressions qui sâ€™exercent sur les phytocÃ©noses du lac Iro tÃ©moignent de la vulnÃ©rabilitÃ© de cet Ã©cosystÃ¨me.
This study in Lake Iro was focused on estimating macrophytic diversity, identifying plant groups, assessing potential threats to this vegetation, and determining the physico-chemical composition of water. Vegetation analysis was done by transect technology and plant group typology by the Braun-blanquetiste phytosociological method. The estimation of various diversity indices and the discrimination of different plant groups were made using the PAST software. Several materials were used to determine water quality. There were 30 species distributed among 21 genera and 12 families, of which 96,42% were Angiosperms and 3,58% were Pteridophytes. The best represented families were Poaceae, Fabaceae and Cyperaceae. The most frequent and present species on almost all transects were : Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa stagnina, Neptunia oleracea, Ceratophyllum demersum and Pistia stratioites. There were 6 groupings, some of which can be integrated into existing syntaxons in other lake ecosystems. Water quality was generally favorable to the development of aquatic species, but often polluted in areas of high frequency. Pressures on Lake Iroâ€™s phytocenosis indicate the vulnerability of this ecosystem.
Efektivitas Nanoemulsi Minyak Serai Wangi Terhadap Phytophthora palmivora Butl. Patogen Busuk Buah Kakao
Authors: Harni Rita , Khaerati Khaerati , Noveriza Rita , Yuliani Sri 
Published: January 2021

<p><em>Black pod disease caused by </em>Phytophthora palmivora<em> is a significant disease on cocoa crops worldwide. Citronella and geraniol are two dominant substances of citronella oil that have fungicidal activity, which is potentially used to control black pod disease. However, those two substances are relatively unstable form volatile. To improve stability can be done using nanotechnology. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of citronella-oil-nanoemulsions formulas on the growth of </em>P. palmivora<em> in vitro and on cocoa pods. Eight nano formulas were prepared at the Postharvest Center in Bogor; however, the effectiveness was conducted at the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute in Sukabumi. The nano formula was prepared following spontaneous, simultaneous, and inversion methods. The experiments were designed in a completely randomized design, with five replications. Eight treatments were evaluated, i.e., the inversion formulas (F1, F2, F5 &amp; F7), spontaneous (F3, F6 &amp; F8), and simultaneous (F4). Two concentration levels of the formula were tested, i.e., 0.5% for in vitro and 1.0% in cacao pods. The variables observed were the inhibition rate of formula, bioassay, concentration, and inhibition rate on cacao pods. The nanoemulsion formulas of citronella oil could inhibit 23.13%–77.78% of the growth of </em>P. palmivora<em>. Formula F5 was the best, which inhibited 77.78% growth in vitro and 31.60% in cacao pods. The nanoemulsions of citronella oil affected the growth rate, fresh weight, and dry weight of </em>P. palmivora<em>. For better effectiveness of the formula on cocoa pods, the concentration should be increased.</em></p>
Prediction of future Alzheimer’s disease dementia using plasma phospho-tau combined with other accessible measures
Authors: Palmqvist Sebastian , Tideman Pontus , Cullen Nicholas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Dage Jeffrey , Stomrud Erik , Janelidze Shorena , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Hansson Oskar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A combination of plasma phospho-tau (P-tau) and other accessible biomarkers may provide accurate prediction about the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. We examined this in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who were consecutively recruited in the BioFINDER study (n=340). The results were validated in SCD/MCI participants in the ADNI study (n=543). Plasma P-tau, plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, plasma neurofilament light, APOE genotype, brief cognitive tests and MRI (cortical thickness in AD-specific regions) were examined as predictors of progression to AD dementia primarily within 4 years. The accuracy was determined using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) from logistic regression models. Within 4 years, plasma P-tau217 predicted AD dementia accurately (AUC 0.83) in BioFINDER. A model of plasma P-tau217, memory, executive function, and APOE had higher accuracy (AUC 0.91, p<0.001). In ADNI, this model produced a similar AUC (0.90) using plasma P-tau181 instead of P-tau217. A cross-validated version of this model was implemented online for prediction of the individual probability of progressing to AD dementia. Within 2 and 6 years, parsimonious models performed similar in both cohorts (AUCs 0.90-0.91). Using cerebrospinal fluid P-tau, Aβ42/Aβ40 and neurofilament light instead of plasma biomarkers did not improve the accuracy. The clinical prediction by memory clinic physicians had significantly lower accuracy than all models (4-year AUC 0.71). In summary, plasma P-tau in combination with brief cognitive tests and APOE genotyping may greatly improve the diagnostic prediction of AD dementia and facilitate recruitment for AD trials.
Evaluation of the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by the analysis of serum exosomal miRNA expression
Authors: Gim Jeong-An , Bang Soo Min , Lee Young-Sun , Lee Yoonseok , Yim Sun Young , Jung Young Kul , Kim Ji Hoon , Seo Yeon Seok , Yim Hyung Joon , Yeon Jong Eun , Um Soon Ho , Byun Kwan Soo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Noninvasive modalities exhibit limited diagnostic performance for evaluating the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Here, we evaluated whether serum exosomal miRNAs can be used to clinically predict the severity of NAFLD. Exosomal miRNAs were isolated from the sera of 41 NAFLD patients (diagnosed using biopsy) for array profiling. To compare differentially expressed miRNAs, the degree of severity was determined using inflammation, steatosis, ballooning, and NAFLD activity score (NAS). The correlation of miRNAs with clinical and biochemical parameters was analyzed. The correlation between miRNA and mRNA expression was analyzed by comparing our miRNA expression data with publicly available mRNA expression data. Twenty-five, eleven, thirteen, and fourteen miRNAs correlated with inflammation score, steatosis score, ballooning score, and NAS, respectively. Thirty-three significant correlations were observed between twenty-seven miRNAs and six clinical variables (age, ALP, AST, ALT, GGT, and NAS). In fibrosis, 52 and 30 interactions corresponding to high miRNA-low mRNA and low miRNA-high mRNA expression, respectively, were observed. We demonstrated that serum exosomal miRNAs can be used to evaluate NAFLD severity and also delineate potential targets for NAFLD treatment.
Patterns of Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Sambo Athletes
Authors: Drid Patrik , Figlioli Flavia , Lakicevic Nemanja , Gentile Ambra , Stajer Valdemar , Raskovic Bojan , Vojvodic Nina , Roklicer Roberto , Trivic Tatjana , Tabakov Sergey , Eliseev Sergey , Bianco Antonino 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Rapid weight loss (RWL) is commonly practiced in combat sports. Both magnitude and methods used to induce RWL are largely similar between the combat sports, but currently there is no data on RWL methodology used by sambo athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine RWL procedures sambo athletes apply to lose weight rapidly.Methods: The sample consisted of 199 participants, of which 132 males and 67 females who participated in the World Sambo Championship 2020 held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Each participant received RWL questionnaire that was available in multiple languages, and each participant was instructed how to fill it out.Results: Almost 87% of sambo participants declared to have intentionally cut their weight prior to the competition, whereby 5.27 kg (SD: ±7.57) was lost. Gradual dieting, sauna use and skipping meals were the most dominant methods used to reduce weight prior to competition while more extreme methods of RWL such as the use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills and vomiting were also implemented but by much smaller fragment of the participants involved.Conclusions: Findings from our study largely match with previously conducted RWL studies in terms of prevalence, magnitude and methods used by combat sport athletes, especially in judo and wrestling. Knowing the hazardous consequences of RWL, alternative methods of sustainable weight loss should be considered.
Construction of transplantable artificial vascular tissue based on adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by a cell coating and cryopreservation technique
Authors: Asano Yoshiya , Okano Daisuke , Matsusaki Michiya , Watabe Tetsuro , Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Akashi Mitsuru , Shimoda Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Prevascularized artificial three-dimensional (3D) tissues are effective biomaterials for regenerative medicine. We have previously established a scaffold-free 3D artificial vascular tissue from normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells (HUVECs) by layer-by-layer cell coating technique. In this study, we constructed an artificial vascular tissue constructed by human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hASCs) and HUVECs (ASCVT) by a modified technique with cryopreservation. ASCVT showed a higher thickness with more dense vascular networks than the 3D tissue based on NHDFs. Correspondingly, 3D-cultured ASCs showed higher expression of several angiogenesis-related factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A and hepatic growth factor, compared to that of NHDFs. Moreover, perivascular cells in ASCVT were detected by pericyte markers, suggesting the differentiation of hASCs into pericyte-like cells. Subcutaneous transplantation of ASCVTs to nude mice resulted in an engraftment with anastomosis of host’s vascular structures at two weeks after operation. In the engrafted tissue, the vascular network was surrounded by mural-like structure-forming hASCs, in which some parts developed to form vein-like structures at four weeks, suggesting the generation of functional vessel networks. These results demonstrated that cryopreserved human cells, including hASCs, could be used directly to construct the artificial transplantable tissue for regenerative medicine.
Cistanche Tubulosa Phenylethanoid Glycosides Induce Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Mitochondria-Dependent and MAPK&nbsp;Pathways and Enhance Antitumor Effect Through Combination With Cisplatin
Authors: Yuan Pengfei , Fu Changshuang , Yang Yi , Adila Aipire , Zhou Fangfang , Wei Xianxian , Wang Weilan , Lv Jie , Li Yijie , Xia Lijie , Li Jinyao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies have been demonstrated that Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides (CTPG) exhibit antitumor effects on a variety of tumor cells. However, the antitumor effects of CTPG on HepG2 and BEL-7404 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are still elusive.ResultsOur study showed that CTPG significantly inhibited the growth of HepG2 and BEL-7404 cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was associated with the activation of MAPK pathways characterized by the up-regulated phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 and mitochondria-dependent pathway characterized by the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. The release of cytochrome c and the cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9 and PARP were subsequently increased by CTPG treatment. Moreover, CTPG significantly suppressed the migration of HepG2 through reducing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Interestingly, CTPG not only enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes but also reduced the apoptosis of splenocytes induced by cisplatin. In H22 tumor mouse model, CTPG combined with cisplatin further inhibited the growth of H22 cells and reduced the side effects of cisplatin.ConclusionTaken together, CTPG inhibited the growth of HCC through direct antitumor effect and indirect immunoenhancement effect, improved the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Fissured Tongue Among Outpatients in A Regional Area of Afghanistan
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Hassan , Baghalian Ali , Ghadimi sara , Mokhtari saeedeh , Kargar Mojgan , Khosrozadeh Maryam , Hamrah Mohammad Hussain , Dahi Toba , charkazi Abdurrahman , Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Fissured tongue is a common manifestation of the tongue, marked by the presence of multiple prominent grooves or fissures on the dorsal surface of the tongue. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on the prevalence and factors associated with fissured tongue among patients attending an outpatient clinic living in regional areas of Afghanistan. Aims: The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with fissured tongue among adult outpatients in Afghanistan in regional areas of Afghanistan. Methods: The cross-sectional survey was conducted among outpatient populations in Andkhoy, Afghanistan, between September 2019 and December 2019. Socio-economic status, smoking, nass use (smokeless tobacco use) and medical data were also assessed. We used the logistic regression models to identify factors associated with fissured tongue. Results: The studied population consisted of 1182 participants, of whom 573 (48.5%) were male and 609 (51.5%) female. The prevalence of fissured tongue was 27.2% (95% CI: 24.7-29.9%) with male having significantly higher prevalence than female (47.5%, 95% CI: 43.3-51.6% versus 8.2%, 95% CI: 6.2-10.7%, p<0.001). Male participants (OR=7.1, 95% CI: 4.8-10.3), Diabetes mellitus (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) and smokeless tobacco use (OR, 12.0 95% CI: 8.1-17.6) were the only variables independently associated with fissured tongue. Conclusions: This study suggested that there was a high rate of fissured tongue among an outpatient clinic in Andkhoy, Afghanistan. Male gender, diabetes mellitus, and nass consumption were associated with fissured tongue. Therefore, these factors might usefully be targeted in local health promotion, prevention and early intervention programs.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma among People aged 45 and Older in Mainland China: A Cross-sectional Study from CHARLS in 2018
Authors: Wan Jingxuan , Zhang Qing , Li Chunxiao , Lin Jiangtao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide. The survey aims to describe the updated prevalence and risk factors of asthma among individuals aged 45 and older in mainland China. Methods: The data for this study come from the fourth wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted by the National School of Development of Peking University in 2018. CHARLS is a nationally representative survey targeting populations aged 45 and over from 28 provinces/cities in mainland China. A representative sample of 19816 participants were recruited for the study using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. The prevalence of asthma was described across different characteristics. The potentially risk factors were examined by multivariable logistic regressions. Results: A total of 18504 participants (8759 men and 9745 women) were eligible for the final data analysis. The estimated prevalence of asthma among Chinese people age≥ 45 years in 2018 was 2.16% (95%CI 1.96-2.38). The prevalence of asthma significantly differs according to race (P=0.002), with an overall rate of 2.06% (95% CI 1.86-2.29) in Han and 3.28% (95%CI 2.47-4.34) in minorities. Furthermore, the minorities (OR=1.54 [95% CI 1.114-2.122], P=0.009), elderly people (60-69 years group: OR= 2.65 [95% CI 1.230-5.702], P=0.013; ≥ 70 years group: OR=3.38 [95% CI 1.741-8.036], P=0.001), middle-school education and below (middle-school education: OR=1.91[95%CI: 0.678-1.193], P=0.009; primary education: OR=2.59 [95% CI 0.675- 1.199], P< 0.001; literate: OR=2.60 [95% Cl 0.480- 0.928; illiterate: OR=2.89 [95% CI 0.220-0.572]), smokers (OR=1.36 [95% CI 1.109-1.677], P=0.003), North (OR=1.51[95% CI 1.02-2.078], P=0.01) or Northwest China residence (OR=1.70 [95% CI 1.170-2.472], P=0.005) were associated with prevalent asthma. Conclusions: Asthma is prevalent but underappreciated among middle-aged and elderly people in China. A number of risk factors were identified. These results can help to formulate correct prevention and treatment measures for asthma.