bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily inundation induced seasonal variation in the vertical distribution of soil water salinity in an estuarine mangrove forest under a tropical monsoon climate
Authors: Komiyama Akira , Poungparn Sasitorn , Umnouysin Suthathip , Rodtassana Chadtip , Kato Shogo , Pravinvongvuthi Tamanai , Sangtiean Tanuwong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreviously, we revealed opposing patterns of the vertical distribution of soil water salinity between the dry and rainy seasons in an estuarine mangrove forest under a tropical monsoon climate. This study clarifies the causes of such seasonal variation in soil water salinity distribution. We investigated the salinity of inundating water, and diurnal changes in soil water salinity and water table levels. Freshwater inundated the study plot in the rainy season, while saline water inundated it in the dry season. At the Sonneratia, Avicennia and Rhizophora sampling sites, soil water salinity measured in experimental pits fluctuated diurnally. Mean salinity significantly decreased in the dry season but tended to increase in the rainy season. The effect of evaporation on salinity was negligible. Water table levels at all sites primarily fluctuated within 0–10 cm from the surface and were generally not synchronized with tidal movements. We divided the soil profile into a thin tide‐sensitive layer and an underlying aquifer layer based on soil water movement pattern. The inundating water saturated the tide‐sensitive layer and then gradually infiltrated into the aquifer layer. The water in the tide‐sensitive layer was partially replaced by subsequent inundation. The water in the aquifer layer was gradually desalinized or salinized, depending on the salinity level of the inundating water, although soil water from the former season remained still in deep soil horizons. Thus, seasonal variation of the vertical distribution of soil water salinity was induced by daily inundation and subsequent infiltration processes in the mangrove soil.
New Approaches to Age Estimation Using Palatal Suture Fusion
Authors: Hens Samantha M. , Godde Kanya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPalatal suture fusion has seen little testing and/or application due in part to an inadequately described relationship to formal age ranges. This study presents a modified scoring method that examines fusion on samples of modern documented adult males and compares two Bayesian approaches to age estimation. In the first analysis, American and Portuguese collections were used to derive univariate and multivariate transition analysis (TA) parameters, which combined with an informative prior, estimated age in a sample of modern Americans and Portuguese. For the second analysis, a Bayesian multiple linear regression (BMLR) used indicator statuses as the independent variables with age as the dependent variable. Highest posterior density regions (HPDRs) and highest posterior density intervals (HDI) were calculated for a holdout sample. Final age estimates for the methods were tested for accuracy using cumulative binomial tests at 75% and 90% coverages. The HPDRs from multivariate TA captured age better for younger individuals, but consistently underaged. The cumulative binomial tests on the BMLR results indicated the prediction intervals performed as expected, and we show they are narrower (more precise) and/or more accurate than the corresponding HPDR. The modified method presented here formally links palatal suture obliteration to age using two different approaches, one of which (BMLR) is new to the aging literature. The BMLR provided results free from bias and more reasonable age ranges while maintaining accuracy. We present a look‐up table and a free, simple R file for users to download and run their own estimates with BMLR.
Continuing the ultrasound credentialing conversation
Authors: Pankevich Volha , Manton Joanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) encourages all emergency physicians to be competent in at least the five core areas of emergency ultrasound (US), departmental training in most hospitals does woefully little to prepare most ACEM members to attain these competencies. While full day courses are a common method of mandatory and discretionary in‐service training, that method has not been adopted for US training. We propose the development of full day courses for each of the five core competencies, taught by accredited US instructors and with emphasis on hands‐on training. These courses alone will not produce fully competent US users but will provide a solid foundation for further training.
ppGpp mediates the growth phase‐dependent regulation of agn43, a phase variable gene, by stimulating its promoter activity
Authors: Cabrer‐Panes Juan David , Fernández‐Coll Llorenç , Fernández‐Vázquez Jorge , Gaviria‐Cantin Tania Cristina , El Mouali Youssef , Åberg Anna , Balsalobre Carlos 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAntigen 43 (Ag43) is a self‐recognizing outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli expressed during intracellular growth and biofilm formation, suggesting a role in infection. The expression of agn43 is under phase variation control, meaning that there are regulatory mechanisms adjusting the percentage of agn43‐expressing cells in the population, in addition to mechanisms modulating the transcriptional expression level in each expressing cell. Phenotypic and transcriptional studies indicate that Ag43 expression is induced upon entry into the stationary phase in a ppGpp‐dependent and RpoS‐independent manner. The use of single‐cell approaches and phase variation deficient strains let to conclude that ppGpp stimulates agn43 promoter activity, rather than affecting the percentage of agn43‐expressing cells. The data highlight the relevance that promoter activity regulation may have, without any involvement of the phase variation state, in the final Ag43 expression output. The agn43 promoter of the MG1655 strain carries an AT‐rich discriminator between positions −10 and +1, which is highly conserved among the agn43 genes present in the different pathotypes of E. coli. Remarkably, the AT‐rich discriminator is required for the positive transcriptional control mediated by ppGpp.
Effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic on the U.S. Emergency Medical Services System: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Lerner E. Brooke , Newgard Craig D. , Mann N. Clay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to quantify trends in emergency medical services (EMS) incidents as the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic spread across the United States and to determine if there was an increase in EMS‐attended deaths.MethodsWe conducted a 3‐year comparative retrospective cohort analysis of data from the National EMS Information System. Data were included if care was provided between the 40th and 21st weeks of the next year and compared over 3 years. We included incidents identified through 9‐1‐1 where patient contact was made. The total number of EMS incidents per week was used as the denominator to calculate the rate of patient deaths and possible injury. We assessed for temporal and seasonal trends.ResultsStarting in the 10th week of 2020 there was a decrease in the number of EMS activations in the United States compared to the prior weeks and the same time period in previous years. The number of activations between week 10 and week 16 decreased by 140,292 or 26.1%. The portion of EMS activations reporting a patient disposition of death nearly doubled between the 11th and 15th weeks of 2020 (1.49%–2.77% of all activations). The number of EMS activations documenting a possible injury decreased from 18.43% to 15.27% between weeks 10 and 13.ConclusionWe found that early in the COVID‐19 outbreak there was a significant decrease in the number of EMS responses across the United States. Simultaneously the rate of EMS‐attended death doubled, while the rate of injuries decreased.
Novel Use of Home Pulse Oximetry Monitoring in COVID‐19 Patients Discharged From the Emergency Department Identifies Need for Hospitalization
Authors: Shah Sonia , Majmudar Kaushal , Stein Amy , Gupta Nita , Suppes Spencer , Karamanis Marina , Capannari Joseph , Sethi Sanjay , Patte Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to evaluate patient‐reported oxygen saturation (SpO2) using pulse oximetry as a home monitoring tool for patients with initially nonsevere COVID‐19 to identify need for hospitalization.MethodsPatients were enrolled at the emergency department (ED) and outpatient testing centers. Each patient was given a home pulse oximeter and instructed to record their SpO2 every 8 hours. Patients were instructed to return to the ED for sustained home SpO2 < 92% or if they felt they needed emergent medical attention. Relative risk was used to assess the relation between hospitalization and home SpO2 < 92% in COVID‐19–positive patients.ResultsWe enrolled 209 patients with suspected COVID‐19, of whom 77 patients tested positive for COVID‐19 and were included. Subsequent hospitalization occurred in 22 of 77 (29%) patients. Resting home SpO2 < 92% was associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization compared to SpO2 ≥ 92% (relative risk = 7.0, 95% confidence interval = 3.4 to 14.5, p < 0.0001). Home SpO2 < 92% was also associated with increased risk of intensive care unit admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and septic shock. In our cohort, 50% of patients who ended up hospitalized only returned to the ED for incidental finding of low home SpO2 without worsening of symptoms. One‐third (33%) of nonhospitalized patients stated that they would have returned to the ED if they did not have a pulse oximeter to reassure them at home.ConclusionsThis study found that home pulse oximetry monitoring identifies need for hospitalization in initially nonsevere COVID‐19 patients when a cutoff of SpO2 92% is used. Half of patients who ended up hospitalized had SpO2 < 92% without worsening symptoms. Home SpO2 monitoring also reduces unnecessary ED revisits.
Follicular wave dynamics and Growth factors gene expression in Braford heifers
Authors: Reineri Pablo Sebastián , Coria María Sumampa , Callejas Santiago , Palma Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objectives of the present study were (experiment 1) to characterized development and dynamics of the dominant follicles (DF) and the corpus luteum (CL) to determine patterns of two (W2) and three (W3) follicular waves in beef heifers, and (experiment 2) to determine gene expression of growth factors gene expression in follicular cells of W2 and W3 heifer. Twenty‐eight Braford heifers were used. Dominant follicular and CL were monitored daily by ultrasonography to identify the development W2 and W3 in heifers. Pre‐ovulatory DF were aspirated on day 19 in W2 and on day 22 in W3 heifers. In W2 and W3, follicular cells (FC) of gene expression of growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), fibroblast growth factor basic, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 were evaluated. The regression of the DF of the first follicular wave and the emergency of the DF of the second follicular wave began later in the heifers W2 than in W3 (p = .02 and p < .01). The regression of the CL began earlier in the W2 than in W3 group (p < .01). Gene expression of growth factors and receptors was similar between groups. However, higher relative levels of BMP15 was observed in W2 group (p = .07). Results propose that wave patterns were regulated by the development time of the DF in the first wave and the life of the CL. Furthermore, higher levels of BMP15 could produce shorter life of CL. The present work suggest that ultrasonography associated with molecular assays could be used as an easy and effective tool to characterize follicular wave patterns.
Audit of the national meal guidelines for home‐delivered and centre‐based meal programs
Authors: Kemp Alice , Walton Karen , do Rosario Vinicius , Charlton Karen , McMahon Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the National Meal Guidelines on service providers and caterers involved in home‐delivered and centre‐based meal programs in Australia.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was conducted to explore the uptake of the guidelines by participants and evaluate the impact on their practice. Closed questions were analysed using χ2 and Fisher's exact tests, while open‐ended questions underwent thematic analysis to identify key themes.ResultsA total of 101 out of 441 participants completed the survey (response rate of 23.0%). Most participants (69%) were currently referring to the guidelines, particularly for nutrition guidelines, menu planning and auditing tools. Key barriers to implementation were cost, supplier compliance issues and lack of staff education.ConclusionsThe National Meal Guidelines have been successfully implemented in many services around Australia. Further research should investigate their impact on customer satisfaction and external supplier compliance.
Pharmacological management of bipolar disorder: Japanese expert consensus
Authors: Sakurai Hitoshi , Kato Masaki , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Suzuki Takefumi , Baba Hajime , Watanabe Koichiro , Inada Ken , Kishida Ikuko , Sugawara Kikuchi Yuka , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Katsuki Asuka , Uchida Hiroyuki ,   Medical Education Panel of the Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop a consensus guideline by certified experts of the Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology on the psychopharmacological treatment for bipolar disorders I and II (BP‐I and BP‐II), in order to fill the gap in the literature and provide more concrete guidance for challenging and controversial real‐world situations.MethodsExperts were asked to assess treatment options regarding 19 clinical situations of bipolar disorder with a nine‐point Likert scale (one = “disagree” and nine = “agree”). According to the responses from 119 experts, the options were categorized into the first‐, second‐, and third‐line treatments.ResultsFor the treatment of BP‐I, lithium monotherapy was categorized as a first‐line treatment for manic episodes (mean ± standard deviation score, 7.0 ± 2.2), depressive episodes (7.1 ± 2.0), and the maintenance phase (7.8 ± 1.8). Combination therapy of lithium and an atypical antipsychotic was endorsed for manic episodes (7.7 ± 1.7), depressive episodes with (7.1 ± 2.0) and without mixed features (6.9 ± 2.2), and the maintenance phase (6.9 ± 2.1). Similarly, in BP‐II, lithium monotherapy was categorized as a first‐line treatment for hypomanic episodes (7.3 ± 2.2), depressive episodes (7.0 ± 2.2), and the maintenance phase (7.3 ± 2.3), while combination therapy of lithium and an atypical antipsychotic was recommended for hypomanic episodes (6.9 ± 2.4).No antipsychotic monotherapy or antidepressant treatment was categorized as a first‐line treatment for any type of episode.ConclusionsThese recommendations reflect the current evidence and represent the experts' consensus on using lithium for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Clinicians should consider the effectiveness and adverse effects of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Factors influencing herpetofauna abundance and diversity in a tropical agricultural landscape mosaic
Authors: Ghosh Deyatima , Basu Parthiba 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgricultural intensification and the associated factors, including land transformation, are among the major global threats affecting biodiversity especially herpetofauna. However, little information is available about how different factors shape herpetofauna species assemblages in agricultural landscape at different spatial scales from patch (125 – 250m) to the landscape (500 – 1000m). We assessed the diversity of amphibians and reptiles in areas under low and high degrees of agricultural intensification and explored different factors regulating diversity at different spatial scales using four sampling methods. Diversity and abundance of amphibians varied significantly between the two zones, but not for reptiles. Agricultural intensification index (AII), calculated based on agrochemical use and area under agriculture at 250m scale, seemed to affect amphibians both at patch as well as at 500m and 1000m landscape scales. The AII influenced reptilian diversity only at patch and 500m scales. Vicinity of natural forest had a stronger influence on reptilian abundance. Seminatural vegetation impacted herpetofauna diversities at larger spatial scales. The extent of water bodies influenced the reptilian abundance at 250m patch scale and amphibian abundance both at 250m and 1000m scale. Fallow lands affected only reptilian diversity at all spatial scales. Plantation affected amphibian at all scales but reptiles only at the landscape scale. Habitat heterogeneity regulated only amphibian diversity. These results highlight the fact that different patch and landscape‐scale factors regulate the diversity of reptiles and amphibians differentially. Such scale‐specific information will crucially inform future conservation action for the herpetofauna in the agricultural landscape.
Diagnostic accuracy and safety of inhalation challenge tests for bird fancier’s lung—Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shiroshita Akihiro , Jin Zhuan , Tanaka Yu , Kataoka Yuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of inhalation challenge tests for bird fancier's lung and related adverse reactions.DesignWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis for the diagnostic test accuracy of inhalation challenge tests and a systematic review for adverse events of the tests. We evaluated the risk of bias and applicability of the included articles for diagnostic test accuracy with the modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool. We used hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve analysis to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of challenge tests and assessed subjective adverse reactions and steroid treatment use. Sensitivity was calculated by fixing specificity at 99% from the HSROC curve.Data sourcesWe searched for articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of inhalation challenge tests or describing adverse reactions in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included randomized control trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, or case‐control studies assessing the diagnostic test accuracy of inhalation challenge tests for bird fancier's lung. For adverse effects review, we included the same articles, and case series or case reports reporting adverse reactions of inhalation challenge tests.ResultsIn our review of 12 articles, the diagnostic accuracy of inhalation challenge tests was substantially high. Point estimate of sensitivity when calculated with a fixed specificity of 99% was 99%. Among 873 patients, 6 needed steroid treatment for adverse reactions; however, no death occurred due to acute exacerbation following a challenge test.ConclusionsInhalation challenges for bird fancier's lung could be accurate and safe diagnostic procedures and may be considered both as rule‐in and rule‐out tests in tertiary care centres. However, caution is required regarding overestimation of diagnostic yield due to risk of bias.Systematic review registration: University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000038799).
Worldwide effects of non‐native species on species–area relationships
Authors: Guo Qinfeng , Cen Xiaoyu , Song Ruiyan , McKinney Michael L. , Wang Deli 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon‐native species have invaded most parts of the world, and the invasion process is expected to continue and accelerate. Because many invading non‐native species are likely to become permanent inhabitants, future consideration of species‐area relationships (SARs) should account for non‐native species, either separately or jointly with native species. If non‐native species occupy unused niches and space in invaded areas and extinction rate of native species remains low (especially for plants), the resultant SARs (with both native and non‐native species) will likely be stronger. We used published and newly compiled data (35 data sets worldwide) to examine how species invasions affect SARs across selected taxonomic groups and diverse ecosystems around the world. We first examined the SARs for native, non‐native, and all species. We then investigated with linear regression analyses and paired or unpaired t tests how degree of invasion (proportion of non‐native species) affected postinvasion SARs. Postinvasion SARs for all species (native plus non‐native) became significantly stronger as degree of invasion increased (r2 = 0.31, p = 0.0006), thus, reshaping SARs worldwide. Overall, native species still showed stronger and less variable SARs. Also, slopes for native species were steeper than for non‐native species (0.298 vs. 0.153). There were some differences among non‐native taxonomic groups in filling new niches (especially for birds) and between islands and mainland ecosystems. We also found evidence that invasions may increase equilibrial diversity. Study of such changing species–area curves may help determine the probability of future invasions and have practical implications for conservation.
Surgical repair of parastomal bulging: a retrospective register‐based study on prospectively collected data
Authors: Krogsgaard M. , Gögenur I. , Helgstrand F. , Andersen R. M. , Danielsen A. K. , Vinther A. , Klausen T. W. , Hillingsø J. , Christensen B. M. , Thomsen T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to examine (1) the incidence of primary repair, (2) the incidence of recurrent repair and (3) the types of repair performed in patients with parastomal bulging.MethodProspectively collected data on parastomal bulging from the Danish Stoma Database were linked to surgical data on repair of parastomal bulging from the Danish National Patient Register. Survival statistics provided cumulative incidences and time until primary and recurrent repair.ResultsIn the study sample of 1016 patients with a permanent stoma and a parastomal bulge, 180 (18%) underwent surgical repair. The cumulative incidence of a primary repair was 9% [95% CI (8%; 11%)] within 1 year and 19% [95% CI (17%; 22%)] within 5 years after the occurrence of a parastomal bulge. We found a similar probability of undergoing primary repair in patients with ileostomy and colostomy. For recurrent repair, the 5‐year cumulative incidence was 5% [95% CI (3%; 7%)]. In patients undergoing repair, the probability was 33% [95% CI (21%; 46%)] of having a recurrence requiring repair within 5 years. The main primary repair was open or laparoscopic repair with mesh (43%) followed by stoma revision (39%). Stoma revision and repair with mesh could precede or follow one another as primary and recurrent repair. Stoma reversal was performed in 17% of patients.ConclusionFive years after the occurrence of a parastomal bulge the estimated probability of undergoing a repair was 19%. Having undergone a primary repair, the probability of recurrent repair was high. Stoma reversal was more common than expected.