bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic applications on agricultural industry. A review
Authors: Morar C A , Doroftei I A , Doroftei I , Hagan M G 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper we aim to present an evolution of the development of robotic end effectors with applications in fruit and vegetable harvesting but without exhaustively covering all technical solutions. This study is focused on robotic final effectors dedicated to harvesting fruits that have reached an advanced stage of development for apples, tomatoes, sweet peppers and cucumbers. The performances of these final effectors (harvesting speed, success rate, costs, etc.) are compared with the performances of human operators and we could say that so far the robots fail to reach the efficiency of human operators in the harvesting processes. The success rate is below 90% and the harvest times are longer than 10 seconds and this means a low efficiency. Although the level of commercial robots for fruit harvesting has not been reached, technological developments indicate an improvement in the performance of this category of robots, an increasing number of research projects are focused on tomato and apple harvesting technologies.
Virtual and experimental device for hip revision prostheses testing
Authors: Popa D L , Calin D C , Buciu G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coxofemoral osteoarthritis is a common pathology, especially for the elderly or for certain social categories. One solution to this medical problem is the hip joint prosthesis. This, however, over time, can lead to joint damage, and obviously a revision of the prosthesis is required. The revision hip prosthesis presents additional mechanical elements and obviously different surgical techniques are required compared to the normal hip prosthesis. There are several methods of prosthesis and obviously more surgical techniques. We were interested to identify that revision method that retains as much bone material, and which has the same mechanical strength. A special device designed to test the revision hip prosthesis was designed and made using a cow's pelvis as bone material. The orthopedic assembly is attached to the device and supposed to a progressive loading until it mechanically fails. The orthopedic system was analyzed with a microscope where the cracks that determined the mechanical failure of the orthopedic system were detected and measured. In parallel, the same device is loaded into a virtual test environment and subjected to a similar load. The actual results and those obtained in the virtual environment were compared and analyzed. Finally, interesting conclusions were drawn.
A virtual approach to orthopedic systems based on implants and prostheses
Authors: Popa D L , Iliuta D , Petrovici I L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the parameterized virtual environments almost all the joints in the human body have been defined. The geometric models of the bone components were generated from different tomographic images taken from many patients. A revolutionary technique was used to identify the different tissues in the human body, based on the specific shades of gray. Special CAD techniques and specific three-dimensional scanning methods were used whereby the initial “point cloud” was transformed into virtual solids. But, this database, which consists of the joint geometries, can be considered ideal, because the pathology is different for each patient. Different pathological situations were created on these ideal models, which required elements of implant or prosthesis. The surgical techniques specific to each pathological situation were considered, so that the bone components were virtually prepared for virtual prosthesis or implantation. The virtual prosthetic joint was tested using the finite element method for different loads determined under normal situations. These results were compared with those obtained in the normal joint. Finally, different conclusions were pointed out.
Researches on the distribution of stresses in a wall girder with geometrical discontinuities
Authors: Atanasiu C , Sorohan Şt 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the numerical and experimental analysis of the stress distribution in a wall beam with geometrical discontinuities subjected to flexural bending. These discontinuities are represented by five circular holes arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam. The numerical analysis was performed with the finite element method and the experimental investigation by electrical strain gauge. The finite element method applied in 2D and 3D for the case of hollow wall beams confirms that Bernoulli's assumption and the hypothesis regarding the variation of stresses on beam height made in the strength of the materials in the beam calculation cannot be used in this case. The results obtained with the finite element method and the experimental ones with the electrical strain gauge method are presented and their comparison is made. The contribution of the experimental research to the selection of a model as close as possible to the practical reality is emphasized. The results of the research allow to draw conclusions about how to position the electrical transducers on the wall beam at the chosen analysis points and its influence on the stress distribution.
Influence of wear on the distribution of pressure and the state of tension at wheel-rail interface
Authors: Blanari I , Goanţă V , Alexandrov M , Morăraş C 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince no effective experimental approaches have been proposed to assess state of stress and distribution of pressures at the wheel and rail contact interface to date, numerical calculation methods are known as an alternative to approximate modelling of wheel-rail interaction. In this paper, a numerical procedure is proposed based on the finite element method of the complex tensions state on wheel-rail contact. This study includes the distribution of pressures and tensions on wheel-rail contact system with new and worn profiles, using a finite element modeling (FEM). Using a model of isotropic elastic-plastic material was obtained a FE model that can obtain the distribution of pressures and tensions at the wheel-rail interface for the real surfaces that are in contact, this model is necessary for any tribological study that requires data on the state of stress and pressure only by introducing input data: geometric characteristics, Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, Tangent Modulus, Yield Strength, load on the wheel, lateral shift of wheelset.
The stress raisers effect on the fatigue safety coefficients
Authors: Goanta V , Mares M , Cretu P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The fatigue limits of metallic materials may be established using their limit cycle diagrams, for various values of stress ratio. On the other hand, the level of actual mechanical stresses in a certain component is taken into account, together with the possible existence of some stress raisers on it, in order to establish (using the schematic limit cycle diagrams) the component safety coefficients in operation. The limit cycle diagrams are plotted in a σa-σm coordinate axis system, i.e. the stress amplitude versus the mean stress graphical representation; any single point on this graph is corresponding to a specific fluctuating stress cycle. Its point of intersection with the abscissa axis (the σm value for σa = 0) represents a stress limit of the component material, from its stress-strain curve in static tensile test, namely σUTS (the ultimate tensile strength) – for predominantly brittle materials, and respectively σy (the yield stress) – for ductile ones. When representing a limit cycle diagram, for a component with some stress raisers in its structure, the possible influence of stress raisers on the above mentioned static stress limits values should be considered. The present paper describes a practical method for determining the fatigue safety coefficients, for a certain component, using the schematic Serensen limit cycle diagram, and considering the stress raisers influence on the static stress limits values.
Compression behaviour study for glass fiberglass-reinforced plastics used in the construction of wind turbine blades
Authors: Morăraş C , Leitoiu B , Blanari I , Andrusca L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Classical materials of whose manufacturing requires high energy consumption have begun to be replaced by composite materials, as a better alternative to energy and environmental problems caused by the production of the classic ones. The design of blades with a high efficiency that are resistant and having deformations within the allowable limits and a mass as small as possible is not a simple problem. Currently, the use of composite materials in the construction of blades is a perfect solution but determining the structure with optimal strength requires finding a compromise between the strength limits of materials and costs. In the assembly of a wind turbine, the critical component is the blade and thus the material for the construction of wind turbine blade (WTB) must have high rigidity, fatigue strength, low weight, and good wear resistance. This paper presents the results obtained at compression on the glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) composite, used in the construction of turbine blades. To increase service life and to investigate defects during operation, compression tests have been performed to determine the mechanical properties of [0°/90°] and [±45°] reinforced specimens in accordance with ASTM D3410.
Virtual model of the SES solution for extending the vehicles electric propulsion system autonomy
Authors: Ciobotar C C , Gaidur M , Pascal I , Rakosi E , Talif S , Manolache Gh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the support of advanced technical software one can easily and virtually create and study the SES system (Secondary Energy System - presented in a previous paper), in order to determine if its physical realization is appropriate. In the virtual analyzing and testing mode is much easier in terms of time, costs and resources needed to set up the system in practice. In order to carry out the virtual analysis and testing of the SES system, we used the Catia application for the three-dimensional design and the Matlab numerical computing environment for the theoretical-functional analysis of the system.
Analytical study regarding the topological optimization of an internal combustion engine piston
Authors: Gaidur M , Pascal I , Ciobotar C C , Rakosi E , Manolache Gh , Talif S , Nazare M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Continuous progress in the automotive field involves the use of new working methods in the calculation and optimization of the internal combustion engine parts. On this occasion, in this paper, the impact of a topological optimization on the piston in the combustion engine of the conventional or hybrid electric car was studied. Starting from the simulation of the Otto cycle, the dimensional calculation is reached, after which a classical FEA analysis is carried out in order to establish the reference values. In the last part, the data of the classical analysis are compared with those of the topological analysis in order to perform a comparison of their results. The purpose of this study is to reduce the volume of the optimized part and to increase its rigidity.
Applying FMEA methodology to evaluate different shapes of car struts
Authors: Maftei A , Dontu A I , Barsanescu D P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The automotive industry is forever growing and leading the world of research and development on a large number of fields; thus, quality assurance and functional safety are two of the main interest in today’s automotive world. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method is used according to ISO 26262 to enhance the product quality. Applying methodology learned from the FMEA standard one can compare different variants of the prototype from an early stage of concept and decide which design features will best suit the intended requirements of the system. The method used is comparing a few types of car struts design, but it's not limited only to design, manufacturing and material being also brought in discussion and compared. All in the end the method has applicability for the early stage of the product, if it's conducted with responsibility and documented accordingly.
Redundancy in the control of a gas turbine for naval applications
Authors: Niculescu F , Savescu A , Vasile M L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The gas turbine used in marine propulsion for increased efficiency and safety and with a very good power / weight ratio, have a control system that provides alarm, monitoring and control functions, including over-speed protection. The paper presents the inclusion of redundancy in the control of the gas turbine so that it works under optimum operating conditions under any regime. The authors' contribution consisted in the elaboration of control schemes so as to ensure a redundancy of the gas turbine control in case the main control module fails. The analysis of the gas turbine construction led to the elaboration of the hardware structure of the system, based on the doubling of the fuel and speed controls as well as of the related transducers by the gas turbine manufacturer. This redundancy is ensured by the introduction of an additional control module that ensures minimal functionality until the status of the main module is restored. The operation of the two modules, the basic one and the redundant one, are ensured on the basis of software, designed by the authors of the paper. The implemented program also limits the size of the variation, keeping the turbines in a correct operating mode.
Modeling and simulating the activities in an automobile repair shop using ARENA software – part 2
Authors: Radulescu I , Tociu A C , Radulescu A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Statistical data obtained from previous paper are collected and studied for the modeling, simulating and optimization of repair shop activities, for the time, capacity and management performance improvement. Based on the simulation’s results, there are made interpretations and proposals are obtained for the human resources rearrangement, to optimize the automobile repair shop’s overall efficiency, performance and capacity. After running the simulation, there are obtained improvements in the number of serviced vehicles covered by “Maintenance”, “Minor repairs”, “Major repairs, Bodywork and Dye-works” and “Bodywork and Dye-works” categories. Also, improvements are made in the duration for the interventions in “Minor repairs, Bodywork and Dye-works”, “Major repairs”, “Major repairs, Bodywork and Dye-works” and “Bodywork and Dye-works” categories, with problematic intervention duration in the initial simulation. The differences between the initial and the optimized simulation, regarding the length of the station’s queue shows the improvements to follow for a more balanced workload distribution and usage of resources. Such simulations can and do significantly improve the way a business performs in the market and serves its customers. Such tools as the Arena software provide insight into the process flow model and can serve as a theoretical testbed for any proposed improvements.
The investigation of pedestrians’ accident according the place where they are thrown
Authors: Sachelarie A , Gaiginschi R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The place where a pedestrian was thrown after being hit on the side of a vehicle is relatively easy to set up due to the traces of organic substances left on the runway or the information given by the people who saw the accident or were the first to have arrived at the crime scene. The work proposes to consider whether a driver involved in such an accident has been guilty or not, if he has taken the best decisions in time according to the concrete situation, compared to the behaviour of another in a similar situation but who has reacted in normal time, and took measures to avoid or minimize the consequences in such situations. In the comparative assessment of the driver's behaviour it is necessary to know: the distance between the place where the victim was left on the road and the frontal part of the vehicle stopped; the place where the pedestrian is located when the driver has the ability to identify the danger of an accident; the area in which the pedestrian speeds are located; the distance travelled by the pedestrian from the moment the hazard is triggered and until it is hit by the vehicle, etc.
Model based diagnosis of gasoline injection engine
Authors: Singureanu M , Copae I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper approaches one of the most effective diagnosis solutions used on engines equipped with sensors, actuators and microcontrollers. The principles and advantages of this type of diagnosis are outlined. Functional models and possible fault types are presented. Differential equations for dynamic operation of sensors and actuators are deduced. It presents the problems related to the isolation of the faults, as well as the one corresponding to the generation and evaluation of the residual. The aspects related to fault detection are highlighted. The case of diagnosing the engine air supply system is exemplified. There are presented various schemes and relations of calculation corresponding to the model-based diagnosis. Important theoretically and practically conclusions are drawn. The paper benefits from the experimental data obtained on the tests of an A6 Audi car equipped with a gasoline engine. During the experiments, various faults of some constructive parts of the engine were deliberately made.
Intelligent system for driver assistance in overtaking manoeuvres using multiple Camera and Radar Sensors -part1
Authors: Zamfir S , Drosescu R , Gaiginschi R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a method and an associate device to analysis overtaking or lane changing manoeuvres to be performed or those in which the vehicle is already engaged. The device assists the driver in the overtaking manoeuvres by automatic analysis of distances, speeds and accelerations of the overtaken and the incoming vehicles from the opposite sense, having the possibility of optical and acoustic warning in the event of a prohibited, dangerous or risky overtaking, or validating a safe manoeuvre that can be performed risk-free. The studied sensors are FMCW radar and video cameras cooperating in a “sensor-fusion” concept. The paper describes a series of experimental tests designed to establish the necessary parameters that the respective sensors must meet to ensure the effective monitoring of an overtaking maneuver. The main parameters theoretically designed and experimentally measured are perception distance to the objects of interest (small, medium, large cars, motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians, etc.), the maximum relative speed that can be noticed, the minimal angular resolution for correct perception of two nearby vehicles.
In situ study on the condensate latent heat recovery and its economic impact in the case of a 60 kW condensing boilers system
Authors: Bălănescu D T , Homutescu V M , Ianuş G , Popescu A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Implementation of the Energy Related Products directive in September 2015 had focused attention on the condensing boilers more than ever before since they are the unique boiler technology complying with the requirements of this new regulation. The main benefit of condensing boilers comes from the latent heat recovery by condensing the water vapors from flue gas; the higher the condensation fraction, the higher the energy saving is. The experimental study refers on the heat gained and fuel cost saving by condensing water vapors from flue gas in the case of a heating system with two condensing boilers having nominal outputs of 25 kW and 35 kW, respectively. The maximum condensation fraction of the heating system, determined in real operating conditions, was 0.52, which corresponds to an energy saving rate of roughly 2 MJ/m3 of fuel. The cost of the energy saved, converted into fuel saving cost, is 22.28 Euro/1000 m3 for the natural gas price of 426 Euro/1000 m3 (39.9 Euro/MWh or 0.01108 Euro/MJ) in Ia.i, Romania, February 2020.
Considerations on pollution from the use of biofuels
Authors: Gruia A , Bică M , Istrate A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
While, for thousands of years, natural pollution has reversible effects on environment, thanks to biological and biochemical cycles, the artificial pollution produced by industrial activities disturbs natural cycles and in most cases has irreversible consequences. Among the most polluting vehicles made by humans, we find the vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines. In the past decades, global automotive vehicles manufacturing has reached a high level thanks to his positive impact on people mobility. Therefore, reducing exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion engines represent a research topic for specialists around the world. The use of biofuels is a promising research direction. The EU authorities has issued different sets of standards for the harmful emissions that affect the quality of the environment. In this paper we present the results obtained in the laboratory using different biodiesel concentrations at different load and speed regimes.
Retrospective Survey of Borrelia spp. From Rodents and Ticks in Thailand
Authors: Takhampunya Ratree , Thaloengsok Sasikanya , Tippayachai Bousaraporn , Promsathaporn Sommai , Leepitakrat Surachai , Gross Katelynn , Davidson Silas A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Borrelia is a genus of spirochetal bacteria with several species known to cause disease in humans. The distribution of Borrelia has rarely been studied in Thailand. In this study, a retrospective survey of Borrelia was conducted in ticks and wild rodents to better characterize the prevalence, diversity, and distribution of Borrelia across Thailand. Several pools of DNA from tick samples were positive for Borrelia spp. (36/258, 13.9%). Borrelia theileri/B. lonestari was found in 17 tick samples (16 pools of Haemaphysalis bandicota and 1 pool of Rhipicephalus sp.), and Borrelia yangtzensis was found in 8 tick samples (2 pools of H. bandicota and 6 pools of Ixodes granulatus). Borrelia spp. were detected at low prevalence levels in rodent tissue samples (24/2001, 1.2%), with 19 identified as B. theileri or B. lonestari and 5 identified as B. miyamotoi. Several geographic and species-specific infection trends were apparent, with Ixodes ticks infected with B. yangtzensis and Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus ticks infected with both B. yangtzensis and B. theileri/B. lonestari. Notably, B. yangtzensis showed a similar geographic distribution to B. miyamotoi, which was identified in new areas of Thailand in this study. The flagellin gene sequence from B. miyamotoi was more similar to European (99.3–99.9%) than Japanese (96.9–97.6%) genotypes. This study greatly expands the knowledge of Borrelia in Thailand and identified several Borrelia species for the first time. It also found several ticks and rodents infected with the pathogen that were not previously known to carry Borrelia.