bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximate Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Diverse Eggplant Genotypes
Authors: Bidaramali Vishwanath , Akhtar Shirin , Das Anupam 
Published: April 2020

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous crop of tropics and sub-tropics, having high production potential, and also a rich source of nutrients, particularly, carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibre and vitamins like thiamin, niacin, pantothenic acid and folic acid, minerals like calcium, iron, potash, zinc, copper and manganese as well as bioactive compounds. However, eggplant is available in diverse shape and colour and consumer preference varies and the nutrient composition is different. In this investigation, we worked out the proximate nutrient compounds (on dry weight basis) and the bioactive compounds (on a fresh weight basis) in twenty diverse eggplant genotypes varying in colour and shape. Moisture content in the fruits ranged from 71.54 to 91.36%, while carbohydrate content from 2.80 to 6.82%, crude protein 16.98 to 31.85%, nitrogen 2.49 to 4.35%, phosphorous 0.29 to 0.51%, potassium 1.65 to 4.54%, calcium 0.83 to 0.35%, iron 106.21 to 235.34 mg/kg, manganese 89.01 to 245.54 mg/kg, copper 18.73 to 98.56 mg/kg and zinc 60.73 to 75.77 mg/kg, each on dry weight basis. Biochemical parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) ranged from 1.27 to 3.94 °Brix, total sugar content 2.26 to 4.65%, ascorbic acid 0.66 to 3.53 mg/100 g, total anthocyanin content 0.35 to 18.85 mg/100 g FW, total chlorophyll 0.11 to 2.70 mg/100 g FW, total phenol 1.03 to 15.65 mg catechol equivalent/100 g FW, total antioxidant 1.16 to 2.26 µmol Trolox equivalent/g FW and radical scavenging activity 50.52 to 96.48%. Proximate nutrients were highest in Pusa Uttam, Pant Rituraj and BRBL-01, quality parameters in BRBL-07 and 71-19, while bioactive compounds were highest in Pant Rituraj, Pusa Purple Long, Pusa Purple Cluster and BRBL-01. These genotypes may be utilized in future breeding programmes for developing effective and nutritive cultivars.
Fresh Vegetables and Ready-to-eat Salads: Sources of Parasitic Zoonoses in Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana
Authors: Amissah-Reynolds Papa Kofi , Yar Denis Dekugmen , Gyamerah Isaac , Apenteng Ofosuhene Yaw , Sakyi Sophia 
Published: April 2020

This study assessed parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables and ready-to-eat salads from Mampong Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Water and soil samples from various farms were also assessed for possible sources of contamination. Fresh vegetables and ready-to-eat salads were examined for parasites using saline as floatation medium, stained with Lugol’s iodine and Ziehl Neelsen and observed under X40 objective lens. Data gathered were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Of the 271 fresh vegetables examined, Ascaris lumbricoides recorded the highest prevalence (26.94%), followed by Giardia lamblia (19.93%). However, of the 120 salad samples examined, Giardia lamblia was most prevalent (24.17%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (19.17%). Fasciola spp., Moniezia, Toxocara spp., Trichuris trichiura and Entamoeba histolytica, were other parasites recovered from both fresh vegetables and salads and also from soil and water on the farms. Fresh vegetables and ready-to-eat salads were contaminated with parasites of both human and animal origin, similar to those recovered from soil and water on the farms. Farm soils and water are potential sources of parasitic infestations on vegetables. Consumers of fresh vegetables and ready-to-eat salads are at risk of diarrheal diseases and parasitic zoonoses.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for multiple targets with tomotherapy using multiple sets of static ports from different angles
Authors: Manabe Yoshihiko , Shibamoto Yuta , Murai Taro , Torii Akira , Niwa Masanari , Kondo Takuhito , Okazaki Dai , Sugie Chikao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo treat multiple targets separated in the craniocaudal direction within a short time, we invented a new technique using multiple static‐port tomotherapy with the dynamic‐jaw mode and named it the pseudo‐DJDC (pDJDC) technique. We compared the pDJDC plans and helical tomotherapy plans using the dynamic‐jaw mode (HDJ) for multiple targets. In the pDJDC plans, we used a beam set with 2–7 ports to the targets at the same level in the craniocaudal direction, and employed another beam set for other targets using different port angles (9–12 angles in total).MethodsIn seven patients, two plans using the pDJDC and HDJ techniques were compared. For multiple targets (n = 2–6), 20–60 Gy in 2‐ to 7.5‐Gy fractions were prescribed for the planning target volumes at D50%. The conformity index, uniformity index (D5%/D95%), dose distribution in the lung, and treatment time were evaluated.ResultsThe median conformity index of all seven patients was 3.0 for the pDJDC plans and 2.4 for the HDJ plans (P = 0.031). The median uniformity indices of the planning target volume (n = 25) for the two plans were 1.048 and 1.057, respectively (P = 0.10). For five patients with thoracic targets, the median mean lung doses were 2.6 Gy and 2.4 Gy, respectively (P = 0.63). The median V5Gy and V20Gy of the lungs in the five patients were 11.8% and 8.5% (P = 0.63), and 1.6% and 2.1% (P = 0.31), respectively. The pDJDC plans reduced the treatment time by 48% compared to the HDJ plans (median: 462 and 884 sec, respectively, P = 0.031).ConclusionThe pDJDC technique allows treatment of multiple targets in almost half the time of the HDJ technique. The pDJDC plans were comparable to the HDJ plans in dose distribution, although the conformity index deteriorated.
Retrieving the Coassembly Pathway of Composite Cellulose Nanocrystal Photonic Films from their Angular Optical Response
Authors: Frka‐Petesic Bruno , Kelly Joel A. , Jacucci Gianni , Guidetti Giulia , Kamita Gen , Crossette Nathan P. , Hamad Wadood Y. , MacLachlan Mark J. , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are known to self‐assemble into a chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase, leading to solid‐state nanostructured colored films upon solvent evaporation, even in the presence of templating agents. The angular optical response of these structures, and therefore their visual appearance, are completely determined by the spatial arrangement of the CNCs when the drying suspension undergoes a transition from a flowing and liquid crystalline state to a kinetically arrested state. Here, it is demonstrated how the angular response of the final film allows for retrieval of key physical properties and the chemical composition of the suspension at the onset of the kinetic arrest, thus capturing a snapshot of the past. To illustrate this methodology, a dynamically evolving sol–gel coassembly process is investigated by adding various amounts of organosilica precursor, namely, 1,2‐bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane. The influence of organosilica condensation on the kinetic arrest can be tracked and thus explains the angular response of the resulting films. The a posteriori and in situ approach is general; it can be applied to a variety of additives in CNC‐based films and it allows access to key rheological information of the suspension without using any dedicated rheological technique.
Continuous formation of microbubbles during partial coalescence of bubbles from a submerged capillary nozzle
Authors: Tang Jiguo , Yu Shengzhi , Sun Licheng , Xie Guo , Li Xiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBubble formation from a downward‐pointing capillary nozzle was investigated in this study. The experiments were conducted at gas flow rate of 40–5,400 ml/h and inner nozzle radius of 0.030–0.255 mm. Experimental results show that microbubbles are formed continuously at moderate Weber number, which was not reported in pervious investigations with injecting gas through an upward‐pointing capillary nozzle. High‐speed visualization indicates that the formation of microbubbles arises from the convergence of the capillary waves induced by the partial coalescence of larger bubbles. A bubbling regime map is given to identify the critical conditions for the formation of microbubbles. In the present air‐water experiments, the generated microbubbles are 20–170 μm in diameter. From experimental data, a scaling law for microbubble size is proposed as a function of Weber and Bond numbers.
Novel dispersion analysis and selective quantification of particulate components in graphene nanoplatelets–polymer–polymer hybrid composites
Authors: Mohan Velram Balaji , Haalboom Martijn , Bhattacharyya Debes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUp until now, no standard procedure to analyze and quantify the dispersion of particles in the polymer matrix exists. From the conductive hybrid polymer–polymer–graphene nanoplatelets composites we developed, this article attempts to showcase methodologies to analyze and quantify particle with the use of scanning electron microscopy images and collection of the elemental maps of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Image analysis was performed on the resulting map to extract the area and location data of graphene particles by subtracting elemental maps. Shadowing or charging problem in the images acquired from EDS was overcome by the polished surface and analyzing a sample twice using a novel approach of 180° opposed. Merging the data from the two elemental maps, taken 180° opposed, can be an alternative to the use of polished samples. From these different dispersion analysis approaches, it was possible to quantify different particles and their effects on the properties of the composites.
The Mechanical Role of Microtubules in Tissue Remodeling
Authors: Matis Maja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring morphogenesis, tissues undergo extensive remodeling to get their final shape. Such precise sculpting requires the application of forces generated within cells by the cytoskeleton and transmission of these forces through adhesion molecules within and between neighboring cells. Within individual cells, microtubules together with actomyosin filaments and intermediate filaments form the composite cytoskeleton that controls cell mechanics during tissue rearrangements. While studies have established the importance of actin‐based mechanical forces that are coupled via intercellular junctions, relatively little is known about the contribution of other cytoskeletal components such as microtubules to cell mechanics during morphogenesis. In this review the focus is on recent findings, highlighting the direct mechanical role of microtubules beyond its well‐established role in trafficking and signaling during tissue formation.
Transformation of Stöber Silica Spheres to Hollow Nanocatalysts
Authors: Kosari Mohammadreza , Borgna Armando , Zeng Hua Chun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe discovery of silica spheres by Werner Stöber and his team (known as Stöber silica) has been instrumental to many technological fields such as hollow materials research. Recent research endeavors on (physical and chemical) transformation of Stöber silica have specifically opened up a new horizon in this domain, especially in catalysis science and catalyst technology. Deliberate introduction of working spaces into Stöber silica via such transformations is regarded as a meaningful methodology toward fabrication of highly confined hollow nanostructures in the form of “reactor‐like nanocatalysts” or “catalyst‐like nanoreactors”. More importantly, advanced catalytic devices with well‐defined size, shape, composition, and hollowness could be obtained by these viable approaches. Concerning the further research, the present minireview gives an overview on recent advances about the synthesis and applications of hollow nanocatalysts derived from Stöber silica spheres. Firstly, we will provide the gist of current status of hollow materials research. Secondly, applicable methods for transformation of Stöber silica spheres to hollow nanostructures and hollow nanocatalysts will be elaborated. The stability and durability of SiO2‐based hollow constructs will also be elucidated. Subsequently, research snapshots of Stöber SiO2‐derived hollow nanostructures and their applicability mainly for catalytic purposes, from our research group and literature, will be discussed. Our personal perspectives on promising research opportunities and challenges in this field will also be given at the end.
Preparation of Long‐Lived States in a Multi‐Spin System by Using an Optimal Control Method
Authors: Wei Daxiu , Xin Jiaxiang , Hu Kairui , Yao Yefeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe lifetime Ts of a long‐lived nuclear spin state (LLS) could be much longer than the longitudinal order T1. Many spin systems were used to produce long‐lived states, including two or more homonuclear spins that couple to each other. For multiple homonuclear spins with rather small chemical shift difference, normally it is difficult to selectively control the spins and then to prepare a LLS. Herein, we present a scheme that prepares different spin orders in a multi‐spin system by using optimal control and numerical calculation. By experimentally measuring the lifetime of the states, we find that for a three‐spin physical system, although there are many forms of state combinations with different spin orders, each component has its own lifetime.
Origin of common‐mode noise in two‐dimensional finite‐size circuit and reduction of the noise using a symmetric three‐line circuit
Authors: Jinno Souma , Kitora Shuji , Toki Hiroshi , Abe Masayuki 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate common‐mode (CM) noise caused by a connection to a two‐dimensional finite‐size ground plane. Numerical calculations are conducted to visualize the time variation of potentials that leads to CM noise. A connection of the signal line to the ground plane, which is conventionally used in circuits, causes an imbalance in the circuit that makes the potential of the ground plane fluctuate, which results in CM noise. CM noise does not occur in a symmetric three‐line circuit because the potential of the middle line is always kept at 0 V. Furthermore, the middle line prevents an externally induced potential fluctuation of the ground plane from being converted to a normal‐mode voltage (i.e., CM noise).
Gender, feminism, and nation: Contributions of the socialist and post‐socialist worlds
Authors: Channell‐Justice Emily 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article situates feminist research and activism in the post‐socialist world. Focusing mainly on Ukraine and Russia, but drawing on research from around the region, this genealogy explores the unique contributions of feminist and gender‐based activism before, during, and after state socialism. It is organized around the tension between feminism and nationalism that has been present in Ukraine from the 19th century to the present day, and it asks how this tension has generated a vibrant feminist discourse despite backlash. The article highlights the overlap between feminist scholarship and activism, treating both as essential to the development of a regional feminism.
Cryptocurrency volatility forecasting: A Markov regime‐switching MIDAS approach
Authors: Ma Feng , Liang Chao , Ma Yuanhui , Wahab M.I.M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe primary purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a novel Markov regime‐switching mixed‐data sampling (MRS‐MIADS) model we design can improve the prediction accuracy of the realized variance (RV) of Bitcoin. Moreover, to verify whether the importance of jumps for RV forecasting changes over time, we extend the standard MIDAS model to characterize two volatility regimes and introduce a jump‐driven time‐varying transition probability between the two regimes. Our results suggest that the proposed novel MRS‐MIDAS model exhibits statistically significant improvement for forecasting the RV of Bitcoin. In addition, we find that jump occurrences significantly increase the persistence of the high‐volatility regime and switch between high‐ and low‐volatility regimes. A wide range of checks confirm the robustness of our results. Finally, the proposed model shows significant improvement for 2‐week and 1‐month horizon forecasts.
Household debt, hypertension and depressive symptoms for older adults
Authors: Song Hongxun , Wang Ruoxi , Bishwajit Ghose , Xiong Jie , Feng Zhanchun , Fu Hang 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe Chinese household debt has been increasing rapidly in recent years because of the expansion of consumers' spending and mortgage. Its effects on individuals' mental and physical well‐being are poorly known. This study aims to examine the relationship of household debt with hypertension and depressive symptoms among the middle‐ and old‐aged population.MethodsNationally representative data were collected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2015. Logistic regression analysis and mediation analysis were used to estimate associations of household debt with the presence of hypertension and depressive symptoms. The Sobel test was used to assess the mediation effect of depressive symptoms in the association of household debt and hypertension.ResultsAmong 12 274 subjects, those with high‐level household debt exhibited 12% increased odds of hypertension and double odds of depressive symptoms compared to low‐level household debtors. Household debt had a direct effect on hypertension and depressive symptoms and an indirect effect on hypertension via depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe relationships between household debt, depressive symptoms, and hypertension form a society‐psychology‐body view that is worth considering in household, community and clinical settings in hypertension management among middle‐aged and elderly populations.
Triage options to manage high‐risk human papillomavirus‐positive women: A population‐based cross‐sectional study from rural China
Authors: Rezhake Remila , Chen Feng , Hu Shang‐Ying , Zhao Xue‐Lian , Zhang Xun , Cao Jian , Qiao You‐Lin , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Arbyn Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImprovement in managing HPV‐positive women is urgently needed. Based on a population‐based study which included 2112 women aged 49 to 69 from Shanxi, China, we aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of multiple triage strategies based on liquid‐based cytology (LBC), p16INK4a, viral load and partial genotyping, as a single or combined strategy for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 or higher (CIN2+/CIN3+) in women who tested positive by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). Among 452 HC2‐positive women, the test positivity of LBC (ASC‐US+), p16INK4a, HPV16/18 and HPV16/18/31/33/45 were 39.6%, 38.5%, 18.0% and 40.0%, respectively. Compared to LBC (ASC‐US+) triage, a single triage strategies using p16INK4a or extended genotyping (SureX HPV16/18/31/33/45) achieved comparable sensitivity (relative sensitivity: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93‐1.26 and 0.96, 95% CI: 0.76‐1.22) and specificity (relative specificity: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.96‐1.14 and 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92‐1.14) for CIN3+. Viral load triage using a ≥50 RLU/CO cut‐point also yielded similar results with LBC (ASC‐US+). Among combined triage strategies, HPV16/18 genotyping with reflex p16INK4a showed higher sensitivity and slightly lower specificity than LBC (ASC‐US+) for CIN3+ detection, however, the differences were not statistically significant. Of note, after a negative result by p16INK4a or LBC among HPV16/18 negative women, the posttest probability of CIN3+ was lower than 1%. Our study suggested that p16INK4a, extended genotyping and increased viral load cut‐point could be promising alternatives to cytology triage. Combined triage algorithms of HPV16/18 with reflex p16INK4a or cytology, if negative, are associated with the substantial low posttest risk sufficient to release women to next screening round.
Fiber attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy of kidney tissue during live surgery
Authors: Sablinskas Valdas , Bandzeviciute Rimante , Velicka Martynas , Ceponkus Justinas , Urboniene Vidita , Jankevicius Feliksas , Laurinavičius Arvydas , Dasevičius Darius , Steiner Gerald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMore than 90% of solid kidney tumors are cancerous and have to be treated by surgical resection where surgical outcomes and patient prognosis are dependent on the tumor discrimination. The development of alternative approaches based on a new generation of fiber attenuated total reflection (ATR) probes could aid tumor identification even under intrasurgical conditions. Herein, fiber ATR IR spectroscopy is employed to distinguish normal and cancerous kidney tissues. Freshly resected tissue samples from 34 patients are investigated under nearly native conditions. Spectral marker bands that allow a reliable discrimination between tumor and normal tissue are identified by a supervised classification algorithm. The absorbance values of the bands at 1025, 1155 and 1240 cm−1 assigned to glycogen and fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase are used as the clearest markers for the tissue discrimination. Absorbance threshold values for tumor and normal tissue are determined by discriminant analysis. This new approach allows the surgeon to make a clinical diagnosis.
Race‐Based Stress in White Adults: Exploring the Role of White Racial Identity Status Attitudes and Type of Racial Events
Authors: Carter Robert T. , Roberson Katheryn , Johnson Veronica E. 
Published: April 2020

The impact of racial experiences on Whites has been underresearched and has rarely been considered traumatic. To understand these experiences, it is important to consider variation in one's orientation to their racial group (i.e., racial identity) and the type of racial encounter. Using a White adult sample and hierarchical cluster analysis, the authors found that reactions to race‐based encounters were associated with varying levels of psychological distress and well‐being and racial identity statuses. Clinical implications are discussed.El impacto de las experiencias raciales en personas blancas no ha sido suficientemente investigado y en raras ocasiones ha sido considerado traumático. Para comprender estas experiencias, es importante considerar la variación en la orientación de cada individuo hacia su grupo racial (es decir, la identidad racial) y el tipo de encuentro racial. Usando una muestra de personas adultas blancas y un análisis jerárquico de clústeres, los autores hallaron que las reacciones a los encuentros raciales estaban asociadas a niveles variables de malestar psicológico, así como de estados de bienestar e identidad racial.