bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed pathway for patients undergoing enhanced recovery after spinal surgery: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Licina Ana , Silvers Andrew , Laughlin Harry , Russell Jeremy , Wan Crispin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe best evidence-enhanced recovery care pathway is yet to be defined for patients undergoing spinal surgery. Minimally invasive surgery, multimodal analgesia, early mobilization, and early postoperative nutrition have been considered as critical components of enhanced recovery in spinal surgery (ERSS). The objective of this study will be to synthesize the evidence underpinning individual components of a proposed multidisciplinary enhanced recovery pathway for patients undergoing spinal surgery.MethodsThis is the study protocol for a systematic review of complex interventions. Our team identified 22 individual care components of a proposed pathway based on clinical practice guidelines and published reviews. We will include systematic reviews and meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and observational studies in adults or pediatric patients evaluating any one of the pre-determined care components. Our primary outcomes will be all-cause mortality, morbidity outcomes (e.g., pulmonary, cardiac, renal, surgical complications), patient-reported outcomes and experiences (e.g., pain, quality of care experience), and health services outcomes (e.g., length of stay and costs). We will search the following databases (1990 onwards) MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and CENTRAL). Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The risk of bias for individual studies will be appraised using appropriate tools. A narrative synthesis will be provided with the information presented in the text and tables to summarize and explain the characteristics and findings of the included studies. Due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity, we do not anticipate to conduct meta-analyses. Confidence in cumulative evidence for each component of care will be classified according to the GRADE system.DiscussionThis systematic review will identify, evaluate, and integrate the evidence underpinning individual components of a pathway for patients undergoing spinal surgery. The formation of an evidence-based pathway will allow for the standardization of clinical care delivery within the context of enhanced recovery in spinal surgery.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROCRD42019135289
Existence and uniqueness of solutions for singular fractional differential equation boundary value problem with p-Laplacian
Authors: Liu Zhonghua , Ding Youzheng , Liu Chengwei , Zhao Caiyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a singular fractional differential equation boundary value problem with p-Laplacian operator. The main results of this paper are obtained by constructing the monotone iterative sequences of upper and lower solutions and applying the comparison result. Finally, we also provide an illustrative example in support of the existence theorem. Our results generalize some related results in the literature.
Dietary encapsulated essential oils and organic acids mixture improves gut health in broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis
Authors: Pham Van Hieu , Kan Liugang , Huang Jinyu , Geng Yanqiang , Zhen Wenrui , Guo Yuming , Abbas Waseem , Wang Zhong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The poultry industry is in need of effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis (NE) due to Clostridium perfringens. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with a blend of encapsulated essential oils and organic acids (BLJ) on growth performance and gut health using a coinfection model of NE in broiler chickens.

Methods
Two hundred and eighty-eight one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned using a 2 × 2 factorial design into two groups fed either 0 or 500 mg/kg dietary BLJ and co-challenged (or not challenged for the control) with Eimeria spp./C. perfringens.

Results
Infected birds fed the BLJ-supplemented diet exhibited an improved feed conversion ratio throughout the trial (P < 0.01), a higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, and reduced intestinal C. perfringens counts, liver C. perfringens carriage, gut lesion scores and serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D) concentrations at 7 d post-infection compared with those of birds without BLJ supplementation (P < 0.05). NE-infected birds fed BLJ exhibited significantly upregulated claudin-1 and IGF-2 mRNA levels (P < 0.05), increased A20 mRNA expression and significantly downregulated TRAF-6, TNFSF15 and TOLLIP mRNA levels in the jejunum at 7 d post-infection compared with those in birds without BLJ supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the uninfected and untreated birds, the uninfected birds fed BLJ displayed increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Coprococcus but reduced Rikenellaceae levels. Compared with the unsupplemented NE-challenged birds, infected birds fed BLJ showed an increased relative abundance of Unclassified_Lachnospiraceae and a significantly decreased relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae.

Conclusion
BLJ supplementation improved growth performance and gut health in NE-infected broiler chickens by strengthening the intestinal barrier function, positively modulating the gut microbiota community and differentially regulating intestinal immune responses. Our results also suggested that adding BLJ effectively controlled NE infections after experimental Eimeria and Clostridium perfringens coinfection.
Advertisement of antibiotics for upper respiratory infections and equity in access to treatment: a cross-sectional study in Nepal
Authors: Koju Pramesh , Rousseau Stéphane P. , Van der Putten Marc , Shrestha Archana , Shrestha Rajeev 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Pharmaceutical companies actively advertise their branded antibiotics, which influence their sales at community pharmacies. The major proportion of out of pocket health spending is on medicine; and affordability of antibiotics has always been a crucial issue in most developing countries. This study identified promotional activities adopted by pharmaceutical companies in community pharmacies and medicine shops and the affordability of selected antibiotics to clients with lowest wages in Kavrepalanchok district of Nepal.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among all community pharmacies and medicine shops (n = 34) in Dhulikhel and Banepa. Available pharmacists / personnel were interviewed, using a structured questionnaire, on the characteristics of the pharmacies, promotional activities, and sales and prices of antibiotics used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infections. This study looked at the association of promotional activities (financial bonus, free samples, and books/brochure/gifts) with the type of antibiotics. Further, affordability was assessed of the most popular antibiotics by comparing the total treatment cost against the lowest wage for unskilled workers in Nepal.

Results
Financial bonus, free samples, and brochures were the most popular promotional activities. It is also noticed that antibiotics which are top selling were those with a high number of promotional activities. Amoxicillin, azithromycin and amoxicillin+clavulanate had 42, 29 and 17 promotional activities respectively. Irrespective of the prices of antibiotics, almost all of the most popular antibiotics for acute upper respiratory infections were unaffordable for unskilled workers costing them more than a day’s wage.

Conclusions
Upper respiratory tract antibiotics are widely promoted at community pharmacies. The treatment cost of antibiotics is unaffordable for unskilled workers in Nepal irrespective of the type and unit cost of antibiotics.
Variables predicting weaning outcome in prolonged mechanically ventilated tracheotomized patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Ghiani Alessandro , Paderewska Joanna , Sainis Alexandros , Crispin Alexander , Walcher Swenja , Neurohr Claus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Several studies have assessed predictors of weaning and extubation outcome in short-term mechanically ventilated patients, but there are only few studies on predictors of weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Methods
Retrospective, single-center, observational study at a specialized national weaning center in Germany. Patients’ medical records were reviewed to obtain data on demographics, comorbidities, respiratory indices, and the result of a prospectively documented, standardized spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) upon admission to the weaning center. Respiratory indices assessed were the ventilatory ratio (VR) and parameters derived from calculated mechanical power (MP). Predictors associated with failure of prolonged weaning and failure of the SBT were assessed using a binary logistic regression model.

Results
A total of 263 prolonged mechanically ventilated, tracheotomized patients, treated over a 5-year period were analyzed. After 3 weeks of mechanical ventilation, patients with unsuccessful weaning failed a SBT more frequently and showed significantly increased values for inspiratory positive airway pressure, driving pressure, VR, absolute MP, and MP normalized to predicted body weight and dynamic lung-thorax compliance (LTC-MP). In the logistic regression analyses, variables independently correlated with weaning failure were female gender (adjusted odds ratio 0.532 [95% CI 0.291–0.973]; p = 0.040), obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) (2.595 [1.210–5.562]; p = 0.014), COPD (3.209 [1.563–6.589]; p = 0.002), LTC-MP (3.470 [1.067–11.284]; p = 0.039), PaCO2 on mechanical ventilation (1.101 [95% CI 1.034–1.173]; p = 0.003), and failure of the SBT (4.702 [2.250–9.825]; p < 0.001). In addition, female gender (0.401 [0.216–0.745]; p = 0.004), LTC-MP (3.017 [1.027–8.862]; p = 0.046), and PaCO2 on mechanical ventilation (1.157 [1.083–1.235]; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for an unsuccessful SBT.

Conclusions
In the present study, the derived predictors of weaning point to a crucial role of the workload imposed on respiratory muscles during spontaneous breathing. Mechanical power normalized to lung-thorax compliance was independently correlated with weaning outcome and may identify patients at high risk for weaning failure.
Extreme learning with chemical reaction optimization for stock volatility prediction
Authors: Nayak Sarat Chandra , Misra Bijan Bihari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtreme learning machine (ELM) allows for fast learning and better generalization performance than conventional gradient-based learning. However, the possible inclusion of non-optimal weight and bias due to random selection and the need for more hidden neurons adversely influence network usability. Further, choosing the optimal number of hidden nodes for a network usually requires intensive human intervention, which may lead to an ill-conditioned situation. In this context, chemical reaction optimization (CRO) is a meta-heuristic paradigm with increased success in a large number of application areas. It is characterized by faster convergence capability and requires fewer tunable parameters. This study develops a learning framework combining the advantages of ELM and CRO, called extreme learning with chemical reaction optimization (ELCRO). ELCRO simultaneously optimizes the weight and bias vector and number of hidden neurons of a single layer feed-forward neural network without compromising prediction accuracy. We evaluate its performance by predicting the daily volatility and closing prices of BSE indices. Additionally, its performance is compared with three other similarly developed models—ELM based on particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, and gradient descent—and find the performance of the proposed algorithm superior. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Diebold–Mariano tests are then conducted to verify the statistical significance of the proposed model. Hence, this model can be used as a promising tool for financial forecasting.
Port-related conflict at port of Gothenburg – consequences from a fashion retailer’s perspective
Authors: Lindroth Erica , Huong Hà , Bergqvist Rickard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrevious research have distinguished the risks of supply chain disruptions and the negative effect of supply chain disruption on operational performance in terms of sales, costs and inventory. However, few researchers have studied supply chain risk management and strategies in relation to port conflicts. The 2016 port conflict at a major logistics port in Scandinavia, the Port of Gothenburg, posed an opportunity to study risk management and strategies in the context of major port disruptions, in this case, a labour conflict. The fashion retail industry was affected especially hard due to the short product life cycles and this paper, by means of case study method and analysis, investigates five cases in order to understand how they were affected and what mitigation strategies was used. Results illustrates that during the port conflict, the percentage of increase in logistics cost ranged between 15% and 70%, greatly affected by what mitigation strategy was used by the case company.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and acceptability of intramuscular clozapine injection: illustrative case series
Authors: Henry Rebecca , Massey Ruth , Morgan Kathy , Deeks Johanne , Macfarlane Hannah , Holmes Nikki , Silva Edward 
Published: February 2020

Aims and methodA series of eleven patients prescribed intramuscular clozapine at five UK sites is presented. Using routinely collected clinical data, we describe the use, efficacy and safety of this treatment modality.ResultsWe administered 188 doses of intramuscular clozapine to eight patients. The remaining three patients accepted oral medication. With the exception of minor injection site pain and nodules, side-effects were as expected with oral clozapine, and there were no serious untoward events. Nine patients were successfully established on oral clozapine with significant improvement in their clinical presentations.Clinical implicationsAlthough a novel formulation in the UK, we have shown that intramuscular clozapine can be used safely and effectively when the oral route is initially refused.
Standard Anthracycline Based Versus Docetaxel-Capecitabine in Early High Clinical and/or Genomic Risk Breast Cancer in the EORTC 10041/BIG 3-04 MINDACT Phase III Trial
Authors: Delaloge Suzette , Piccart Martine , Rutgers Emiel , Litière Saskia , van ’t Veer Laura J. , van den Berkmortel Franchette , Brain Etienne , Dudek-Peric Aleksandra , Gil-Gil Miguel , Gomez Patricia , Hilbers Florentine S. , Khalil Zaman , Knox Susan , Kuemmel Sherko , Kunz Georg , Lesur Anne , Pierga Jean-Yves , Ravdin Peter , Rubio Isabel T. , Saghatchian Mahasti , Smilde Tineke J. , Thompson Alastair M. , Viale Giuseppe , Zoppoli Gabriele , Vuylsteke Peter , Tryfonidis Konstantinos , Poncet Coralie , Bogaerts Jan , Cardoso Fatima ,   on behalf of MINDACT investigators and the TRANSBIG Consortium
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE MINDACT demonstrated that 46% of patients with early breast cancer at high clinical but low genomic risk on the basis of MammaPrint may safely avoid adjuvant chemotherapy. A second random assignment (R-C) compared docetaxel-capecitabine with an anthracycline-based regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS R-C randomly assigned patients 1:1 between standard anthracycline-based regimens, with or without taxanes (control) and experimental docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously plus oral capecitabine 825 mg/m2 two times per day for 14 days (DC) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary end points included overall survival and safety. RESULTS Of 2,832 patients, 1,301 (45%) were randomly assigned, and 97% complied with R-C assignment. In the control arm, 29.6% only received taxanes (0.5% of N0 patients). DFS events (n = 148) were much less than required (n = 422) as a result of a lower-than-expected accrual and event rate. At 5 years of median follow-up, DFS was not different between DC (n = 652) and control (n = 649; 90.7% [95% CI, 88% to 92.8%] v 88.8% [95% CI, 85.9% to 91.1%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.15]; P = .26). Overall survival (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.54 to 1.53]) and DFS in the clinical high and genomic high-risk subgroup (86.1% v 88.1%; HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.21]) were similar in both arms. DC led to more grade 1 neuropathy (27.1% v 11.2%) and more grade 2 hand/foot syndrome (28.5% v 3.3%) and diarrhea (13.7% v 5.8%). Serious cardiac events occurred in 9 patients (control, n = 4; DC, n = 5). Fifty-three patients developed second cancers (control, n = 32; DC, n = 21; leukemia: 2 v 1). Five treatment-related deaths occurred (control, 2 [0.3%]; DC, 3 [0.5%]). CONCLUSION Although underpowered, this second randomization in MINDACT did not show any improvement in outcome or safety with the use of DC compared with anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, LPS Translocation, and Disease Development
Authors: Ghosh Siddhartha S , Wang Jing , Yannie Paul J , Ghosh Shobha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe intestinal barrier is complex and consists of multiple layers, and it provides a physical and functional barrier to the transport of luminal contents to systemic circulation. While the epithelial cell layer and the outer/inner mucin layer constitute the physical barrier and are often referred to as the intestinal barrier, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) produced by epithelial cells and antibacterial proteins secreted by Panneth cells represent the functional barrier. While antibacterial proteins play an important role in the host defense against gut microbes, IAP detoxifies bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of the active/toxic Lipid A moiety, preventing local inflammation as well as the translocation of active LPS into systemic circulation. The causal relationship between circulating LPS levels and the development of multiple diseases underscores the importance of detailed examination of changes in the “layers” of the intestinal barrier associated with disease development and how this dysfunction can be attenuated by targeted interventions. To develop targeted therapies for improving intestinal barrier function, it is imperative to have a deeper understanding of the intestinal barrier itself, the mechanisms underlying the development of diseases due to barrier dysfunction (eg, high circulating LPS levels), the assessment of intestinal barrier function under diseased conditions, and of how individual layers of the intestinal barrier can be beneficially modulated to potentially attenuate the development of associated diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the composition of the intestinal barrier and its assessment and modulation for the development of potential therapies for barrier dysfunction-associated diseases.
Under Description: The Fugitive Slave Advertisement as Genre
Authors: Walser Hannah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay analyzes the discourse of the fugitive slave advertisement (FSA) to argue that these texts form what I call a “genre of personhood.” Centered on physical and behavioral descriptions of escaped slaves, FSAs offer a window into the heuristics that slaveholders used to identify, explain, and anticipate slaves’ behavior in the antebellum era, constructing an implicit model of enslaved personhood by means of consistent syntactic patterns and semantic tropes. I argue for the continuity of these texts’ descriptive and scriptive (or instructive) functions, finding that FSAs conscript the white reader into searching for a fugitive not only through overt appeals but by structuring the reader’s perceptual experiences via linguistic cues. Ultimately, the essay not only excavates the opportunistic and incomplete construction of personhood from heterogeneous materials but also reveals the interdependence of literary description and extraliterary genres like the FSA.
Loving Gorillas: Segregation Literature, Animality, and Black Liberation
Authors: Dunbar Eve 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeeply rooted racial logics of Western culture have long used animal metaphors and affiliations as a method for negatively coding the species permeability between black people and nonhuman animals. Responsively, many black cultural producers have sought to acquire access to the category of the human by crafting narratives that shuttle black being away from the animal. Rejecting both negative affiliations and shifting away from the animal, this article explores the movement toward the animal in black segregation-era literature. I argue that animals and animal care in Richard Wright’s Black Boy and primate liberation in Gwendolyn Brooks’s Maud Martha provide new modes of imagining black humanism on the cusp of US racial desegregation.
Physiological Parameters of Bone Health in Elite Ballet Dancers
Authors: LAMBERT BRADLEY S. , CAIN MICHAEL T. , HEIMDAL TYLER , HARRIS JOSHUA D. , JOTWANI VIJAY , PETAK STEVEN , MCCULLOCH PATRICK C. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Stress fractures are common among elite ballet dancers whereby musculoskeletal health may be affected by energy balance and overtraining.

Purpose
This study aimed to characterize bone health in relation to stress fracture history, body composition, eating disorder risk, and blood biomarkers in professional male and female ballet dancers.

Methods
A single cohort of 112 dancers (male: 55, 25 ± 6 yr; female: 57, 24 ± 6 yr) was recruited. All participants underwent bone and body composition measures using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. In a subset of our cohort (male: 30, 24 ± 6 yr; female, 29, 23 ± 5 yr), a blood panel, disordered eating screen, menstrual history, and stress fracture history were also collected. Age-matched Z scores and young-adult T scores were calculated for bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. Independent-samples t-tests and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare BMD, Z-scores, T scores, and those with and without history of stress fractures. A 1 × 3 ANOVA was used to compare BMD for those scoring 0–1, 2–6, and 7+ using the EAT26 questionnaire for eating disorder risk. Regression was used to predict BMD from demographic and body composition measures.

Results
Female dancers demonstrated reduced spinal (42nd percentile, 10%T < −1) and pelvic (16th percentile, 76%T < −1) BMD. Several anthropometric measures were predictive of BMD (P < 0.05, r
2 = 0.65–0.81, standard error of estimate = 0.08–0.10 g·cm−2, percent error = 6.3–8.5). Those scoring >1 on EAT26 had lower BMD than did those with a score of 0–1 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Professional female ballet dancers exhibit reduced BMD, fat mass, and lean mass compared with the general population whereby low BMD and stress fractures tend to be more prevalent in those with a higher risk of disordered eating. Anthropometric and demographic measures are predictive of BMD in this population.