bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can designs inspired by control theory keep deployment policies effective and cost-efficient as technology prices fall?
Authors: Nuñez-Jimenez Alejandro , Knoeri Christof , Hoppmann Joern , Hoffmann Volker H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Deployment policies based on economic incentives are among the most effective tools for speeding up the diffusion of clean energy technologies. Policy instruments such as feed-in tariffs have played a critical role in driving the growth of solar photovoltaics, and could accelerate the uptake of other technologies that are key to the decarbonization of energy systems. Historical experiences, however, show that failing to adjust economic incentives to falling technology prices can fundamentally undermine these policies’ effectiveness and cost-efficiency. This paper addresses this challenge by assessing three novel policy designs. Based on control-theory principles, the proposed mechanisms modify incentives in response to changes in deployment, policy costs, or profitability for adopters. We assess the outcomes that each policy design would have achieved when applied to Germany’s feed-in tariff for solar photovoltaics between 2000 and 2016. For this purpose, we developed an agent-based model that allows us to simulate the adoption decisions of individual households and medium-sized and large firms, as well as the evolution of technology prices. Our results show that responsive designs inspired by control theory might produce policies that follow their targets more closely, and at a lower cost. In addition, our analysis suggests that the studied designs could greatly reduce uncertainty over policy outcomes and windfall profits. This research also highlights the role of the temporal distribution of policy targets, and identifies policy design tradeoffs, drawing relevant implications for the design of future deployment policies.
The Shading Envelope: A morphology for climate change mitigation
Authors: Raboudi Khaoula , Abdelkader BEN SACI 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the Shading Envelope (OE) which outlines the smallest volume to shade neighbouring properties during summer overheating periods. The construction method of the OE, by means of a parametric visual programming tool, is presented. The solar geometry data required for its construction is deduced from energy simulations with respect to the climate needs. The study of the impact of the proposed model shows a significant improvement in terms of minimizing summer solar radiation and increasing urban density.
Establishment a recycled green building material model for use in the construction industry in global circular economies
Authors: Lee D H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study modifies a dynamic computable general equilibrium GTAP model by incorporating circular economy mechanisms for recycled green building materials (GBMs), and collecting data to estimate and build entire supply chain and sales chain for recycled GBMs. The goal is to forecast the possible development of the GBM sectors of China, the EU28, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, the USA, and the rest of the world to 2030, and their environmental impacts. Results reveal that the average output quantity growth of GBMs will increase significantly and continuously to 2030 (Japan is 12.64%, followed by Malaysia (11.75%), EU28 (11.13%), Korea (10.97%), USA (9.85%), China (7.12%), Taiwan (6.48%), and India (5.88%)). The development of the RGBM sector will improve environment by saving water (and 15.30 M3), saving energy (13,428,333 Terajoules (TJ)) and reducing greenhouse gas emissions (265.87 million tons CO2eq) in 2030, helping to achieve the targets in the Paris Agreement and sustainable development goals, while mitigating the negative impacts of increasing greenhouse gases of increasing output value of GBM’s supply chain on climate change. The models and results in this study provide guidelines and references for decision-makers in the GBM industry and the government who are responsible for making sustainability development and climate change policy.
Techno-economic inquiry into implementation barriers in Green Roof adoption as an energy retrofit measure in temperate climates: UK Study.
Authors: Agbonyin Ademuyiwa , Zoras Stamatis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Green roof technology has been established through research and in-situ monitoring to provide good potential for stormwater retention, mitigation of urban heat island (UHI) effect, reduction of local air pollution, increase local biodiversity and most importantly, passive energy savings both for new buildings and as a retrofit option for older buildings. However, even with this existing wide range of benefits, green roof technology research and markets in terms of implementation and widescale commercial adoption is relatively non-existent in temperate climates of the world such as the UK, compared to other regions with different prevailing climatic characteristics. This research investigates the causative factors and barriers for this relatively slow rate of adoption both from technological and economic perspectives with the United Kingdom as a case study. A number of experimental papers on energy savings benefits from green roofs were compiled; and from the analysis of collated data, it was found that green roofs tend to perform better from an energy savings perspective in hotter climates of the world or during the summer season in colder climates when temperatures are higher such as seasonal heatwaves. Further research into the energy savings behaviour during winter in temperate regions is required to assert the all-season suitability of green roofs for implementation in new builds within the United Kingdom. Government legislation and incentives could potentially increase wide-scale adoption. The performance of green roofs is however found to be largely climate dependent, meaning the performance varies across different regions of the world, therefore increased local research and quantification into metrics will lead to better understanding and potential adoption of green roofs and how to best optimise their design according to the region in which they are to be installed.
Energy efficient operation of industrial facilities: the role of the building in simulation-based optimization
Authors: Gourlis G , Kovacic I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Energy efficiency of industrial facilities is a set goal towards developing a sustainable future. Many production facilities though are still not operated at a highly efficient rate in terms of energy use. The complexity of industrial environments requires an integrated analysis of all subsystems – production processes, logistics, building and technical building services – to grasp full optimization potentials. The use of simulation tools provides significant benefit in energy demand modeling and prediction, making its application essential for planning and management of energy efficient industrial facilities. Building Energy Modeling (BEM) and Manufacturing Process Simulation (MPS) have been used by researchers for analyzing mostly building related and process related conditions respectively. A novel approach is the holistic assessment by combining capabilities of BEM and MPS into one simulation environment. Such a hybrid simulation application has been developed within the research project Balanced Manufacturing (BaMa), addressing all subsystems of a production plant. However, the actual condition of a facility, the type and requirements of the manufacturing process, the level of implemented automation as well as the available infrastructure are decisive for the application of the appropriate simulation-based optimization method. Focusing on the subsystem of the building, this paper examines its function within two different approaches for energy demand optimization, through the use cases of industrial facilities with different characteristics. The first case focuses on the building and its components, utilizing BEM, the second on the production processes, utilizing the BaMa method. Thereby the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as knowledge database for the simulations models is discussed and the integration of all industrial subsystems is analyzed. The role of the building in each case is highlighted, addressing its benefits and drawbacks.
Energy storage systems review and case study in the residential sector
Authors: Kampouris K P , Drosou V , Karytsas C , Karagiorgas M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Energy storage is recognized as an increasingly important parameter in the electricity and energy systems, allowing the generation flexibility and therefore the demand side management. It can contribute to optimal use of generation and grid assets, and support emissions reductions in various economic sectors. Energy storage can support the European Union (EU) targets for efficient use of energy by helping to ensure energy security, a well-functioning internal energy market, and successful implementation of more carbon-cutting renewables online. By strengthen the use of energy storage, the EU can decrease its energy imports, improve the efficiency of the energy system, and keep prices low by better integrating variable renewable energy sources. Moreover energy storage can contribute to better use of renewable energy sources in the energy system since it can store energy produced when the conditions for renewable energy are appropriate but demand may be low. In this framework, primary objective of this study is the investigation, the comparative analysis and the evaluation according to specific criteria of the current thermal energy storage systems. Electrical, electrochemical, thermal, mechanical and chemical energy storage technology and systems are extensively presented and categorized in terms of their advantages and disadvantages as well as in terms of their technical and financial characteristics. This paper also presents the implementation of thermal energy storage in the residential sector. More specifically is examining the application of a phase change material storage system into the building’s walls cavity. The study focuses on the contribution of the applied energy storage system to the overall increase of the energy efficiency of the building.
Development of a photovoltaic thermal facade system
Authors: Popp C , Ahrens C V , Weller B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector is made of a photovoltaic (PV) module and a solar thermal collector and thereby delivers electrical and thermal energy at the same time. These systems can contribute significantly to the renewable energy supply of residential, public, and commercial buildings. This paper gives insight into the development of a facade-integrated PVT system within the research project PVT Fassade. Thermal simulations evaluated useful operating conditions and efficiency-decreasing factors. Thus, 10 kg/(hm2) and 60 kg/(hm2) were identified as lower and upper limits for the mass flow and the losses by the internal heat transfer resistance of a 3.5 mm air layer between the PV module and the heat exchanger were determined to 35 % and 48 % for 10 and 60 kg/(hm2). These findings and structural, aesthetical, and general building law requirements were taken into consideration for the design of the facade-integrated PVT system. The functionality and feasibility of the developed system is shown through a constructed prototype facade where an intensive monitoring of the thermal and electrical performance of the PVT system is conducted. The performance of the PVT facade collector is described on the basis of an exemplary day of this monitoring. On this day, an area-specific thermal yield of 4.13 kWh/m2 with a temperature spread of up to 10.7 K is reached. At the same time, the thin film PV modules of the PVT system achieve an electrical yield increase of 2.5 % compared to a reference PV facade system.
Impact of climatic conditions of different world zones on the energy performance of the photovoltaic-wind-battery hybrid system
Authors: Mazzeo Domenico , Baglivo Cristina , Matera Nicoletta , Congedo Paolo M. , Oliveti Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The growth of economies and the world population has led to an increase in the electricity demand, toward a disproportionate use of fossil fuels. The PV-wind hybrid system is considered an optimal solution in terms of technical efficiency and costs to reduce the use of fossil sources. The strong variability of renewable energies generated by solar and wind systems in different locations around the world sometimes leads to the need to use battery storage systems. In addition, the self-consumed energy produced by the hybrid system is strongly dependent on the load trend. Owing to the strong influence of the climatic conditions on a hybrid system energy performance, its optimal sizing is a very complex issue that must be addressed in each weather condition. This paper presents an energy feasibility study of a PV-wind-battery hybrid system considering different yearly climatic conditions in the world, according to the Koppen classification. The system is used to supply electrical energy to a district composed of five office buildings. The electrical load consists of artificial lighting systems, electrical office devices and electric vehicle charging stations. The effects produced by different yearly climatic conditions on three hybrid systems, characterized by the same overall nominal powers and different photovoltaic and wind nominal powers, were investigated. TRNSYS 17 was used for the dynamic simulation of the hybrid system. The overall aim is to identify the most proper climatic conditions by means of the optimization of several energy indicators: maximization of the self-consumed renewable energy and of the renewable energy produced utilized to supply the load, namely minimization of the energy imported from and exported to the grid. For this issue, a global indicator, that measures the energy exchange of the hybrid system and load with the grid, is proposed to select the optimal trade-off localities and hybrid systems.
Environmental response of mudbrick settlements: the case of Korestia villages in Western Macedonia
Authors: Balasas A , Meresi E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In Greece until the middle of the last century there were several buildings constructured from mudbricks. Nowadays, in a number of settlements there are mudbrick buildings, but the only organized residential complex with buildings built with mudbricks is situated in Korestia, in mount Vitsi, north of Kastoria region. This paper focuses on exploring the environmental response of these settlements, which combine a rich natural environment with a distinctive architectural physiognomy. By examining the urban planning, the morphological characteristics of the area and the relationship between the built and natural environment, it is possible to establish a framework of sustainable development that is environment-friendly. Sustainable management of the built environment of the Korestia implies a new dialectic between natural and man-made environment, with the aim of presenting proposals and multidisciplinary actions for the integrated development of the site. In essence, the remarkable housing stock is being studied and the heritage of the site (rich architectural and cultural heritage, natural parameters such as mountain, forest, river, etc.) is highlighted in order to transform itself into a force that prevents the population from leaving the area and at the same time creates conditions for re-housing and strengthens the tourism growth with low ecological footprint.
Sustainability Assessment of the Building Construction Stage Using Building Sustainability Assessment Schemes (BSAS)
Authors: Apanavičienė R , Maliejus K , Fokaides P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Building Sustainability Assessment Schemes (BSAS) are the key instruments to measure, evaluate and implement sustainability goals through all building’s life-cycle. The current trend for the establishment of practices resulting to green and sustainable buildings is based on environmental protection aspirations, as well as on rising real estate market demands for improved indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the construction stage process on the results of BSAS ratings. Seven administrative buildings rated by BREEAM or LEED, located in Lithuania, were assessed in terms of this study. Five criteria were employed to assess the sustainability of the investigated buildings at the construction phase, including the project management, the responsible purchase of building materials, the use of legal timber materials, the construction waste and the protection against environmental contamination. The selected criteria constitute a significant part of the established sustainability assessment schemes such as BREEAM and LEED. Following the analysis of the actual ratings for the selected categories, weights of the construction stage as well as their impact on the final evaluation results were defined. The findings of this study revealed that the impact of the selected criteria on the final BREEAM scheme rating ranged from 6.98 to 8.57 percent. The impact of the construction stage criteria on LEED system final results ranged from 4.05 to 6.97 percent and in any case demonstrated reduced impact on the final rating result. The study also revealed the contractor’s point of view to a building sustainability at the construction stage in Lithuania. The findings of this study may serve as a framework for contractor’s organizations intended to improve the construction sustainability of green building projects and this way to increase the overall building sustainability ratings.
Annual Nationwide Environmental Impact Assessment of Japanese Municipalities by Type of Business within the Endpoint-type LCIA Method “LIME2”
Authors: Yamasaki Junya , Ikaga Toshiharu , Itsubo Norihiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study attempts a comprehensive environmental impact assessment, within the context of annual operations by type of business in each division of Japanese municipality, based on the LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessment) method. LIME2 (Life-Cycle Impact Assessment Method Based on Endpoint Modeling 2) is an example of an endpoint-type LCIA method developed in Japan. Annual environmental impacts of municipalities nationwide are assessed by LIME2 from the perspective of environmental damage, indexed to the Japanese yen. Here, this index is referred to as the “Eco-index Yen”. The availability of necessary inventory data in each category is surveyed from statistical information published by governments. From the assessment results based on these conditions, the annual damage amount of all Japanese municipalities taken together is 4.63 trillion yen. The assessment result of each municipality is converted into indicators per capita and per GRP (Gross Regional Product). These results are displayed on a map of Japan to visualize regional characteristics nationwide by type of business, across different types of industries, including the residential and transportation sectors. As described in this study, these results provide a first step toward constructing a new methodology for comprehensive environmental impact assessment of administrative units.
Environmentally-Friendly Planning for Urban Shrinkage
Authors: Antonić Branislav , Djukić Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUrban shrinkage has become a widespread phenomenon in contemporary urbanisation. Shrinking cities present multiple shrinkage-connected problems, where the most acute ones are demographic and social decline caused by bad economic performance. These problems are usually mirrored in urban space and thereby matters for urban planning, which, predictably, proposes mainly economic- and demographic-based models and solutions for shrinking cities. The other factors, such as environmental issues, are not well-established both in relevant theory and practice. Generally, environmental issues play a minor role for shrinking cities. However, they can be the factors to cause or to display the consequences of urban shrinkage, but they can also contribute to overcome related challenges. Therefore, environmental issues are unavoidable in any future agenda or policy in urban planning towards shrinking cities.The first step in the process of linking these two scientific fields – the concept of shrinking cities and environmental science – is certainly to check which environmental issues are relevant for the phenomenon of urban shrinkage. This is the main purpose of this research. It aims to collect and systematise the current knowledge about these links. The findings of this investigation bring new interrelations for the multi-face character of the concept of shrinking cities. Therefore, this research presents a new input how to strengthen currently weak links between the concept and shrinking cities and environmental studies, to facilitate a more adaptive planning for urban shrinkage.
Assessment of the sustainable redesign of existing buildings in Greece in the context of an undergraduate course: Application of passive solar systems in existing, typical residences
Authors: Alexandrou Eleni , Bougiatioti Flora , Katsaros Miltos 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Residential buildings in Greece form an important part of the existing building stock. Most of them were built prior to the first Thermal Insulation Code (1981) and thus are characterised by poor energy performance and increased heating and cooling consumption. The 6th semester undergraduate course of the NTUA, School of Architecture “Special Topics on Environmental and Bioclimatic Design” attempts to educate students on assessing the thermal characteristics and the environmental performance of existing buildings and then propose and quantitatively evaluate the effect of low-tech and low-cost interventions with the use of energy simulation software (Design Builder®). The paper presents the teaching methodology for the application of passive solar systems -with and without thermal insulation of the building shell and openings- to existing, typical residences built after 1920, which are found mostly in suburban areas and settlements all around Greece, and the assessment of the diurnal thermal performance during the heating period. The results of the study are two-fold and involve, primarily the teaching outcome of the course and secondarily the assessment of simple bioclimatic interventions to existing buildings’ energy performance and thermal comfort conditions during the cold period of the year.