bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Universe for Blazars: a new generation of astronomical products based on 14 years ofSwift-XRT data
Authors: Giommi P. , Brandt C. H. , Barres de Almeida U. , Pollock A. M. T. , Arneodo F. , Chang Y. L. , Civitarese O. , De Angelis M. , D’Elia V. , Del Rio Vera J. , Di Pippo S. , Middei R. , Penacchioni A. V. , Perri M. , Ruffini R. , Sahakyan N. , Turriziani S. 
Published: November 2019

Aims.Open Universe for Blazars is a set of high-transparency multi-frequency data products for blazar science, and the tools designed to generate them. Blazars are drawing growing interest following the consolidation of their position as the most abundant type of source in the extragalactic very high-energyγ-ray sky, and because of their status as prime candidate sources in the nascent field of multi-messenger astrophysics. As such, blazar astrophysics is becoming increasingly data driven, depending on the integration and combined analysis of large quantities of data from the entire span of observational astrophysics techniques. The project was therefore chosen as one of the pilot activities within the United Nations Open Universe Initiative, whose objective is to stimulate a large increase in the accessibility and ease of utilisation of space science data for the worldwide benefit of scientific research, education, capacity building, and citizen science.Methods.Our aim is to deliver innovative data science tools for multi-messenger astrophysics. In this work we report on a data analysis pipeline calledSwift-DeepSky based on theSwiftXRTDAS software and the XIMAGE package, encapsulated into a Docker container.Swift-DeepSky downloads and reads low-level data, generates higher level products, detects X-ray sources, and estimates several intensity and spectral parameters for each detection, thus facilitating the generation of complete and up-to-date science-ready catalogues from an entire space-mission data set.Results.As a first application of our innovative approach, we present the results of a detailed X-ray image analysis based onSwift-DeepSky that was run on allSwift-XRT observations including a known blazar, carried out during the first 14 years of operations of theNeil Gehrels SwiftObservatory. Short exposures executed within one week of each other have been added to increase sensitivity, which ranges between ∼1 × 10−12and ∼1 × 10−14erg cm−2s−1(0.3–10.0 keV). After cleaning for problematic fields, the resulting database includes over 27 000 images integrated in different X-ray bands, and a catalogue, called 1OUSXB, that provides intensity and spectral information for 33 396 X-ray sources, 8896 of which are single or multiple detections of 2308 distinct blazars. All the results can be accessed online in a variety of ways, from the Open Universe portal through Virtual Observatory services, via the VOU-Blazar tool and the SSDC SED builder. One of the most innovative aspects of this work is that the results can be easily reproduced and extended by anyone using the Docker version of theSwift-DeepSky pipeline, which runs on Linux, Mac, and Windows machines, and does not require any specific experience in X-ray data analysis.
The velocity field of the Lyra complex
Authors: Girardi M. , Boschin W. , De Grandi S. , Longhetti M. , Clavico S. , Eckert D. , Gastaldello F. , Ghizzardi S. , Nonino M. , Rossetti M. 
Published: November 2019

Context. The formation of cosmic structures culminates with the assembly of galaxy clusters, a process that is quite different from cluster to cluster.
Aims. We present the study of the structure and dynamics of the Lyra complex, consisting of the two clusters RXC J1825.3+3026 and CIZA J1824.1+3029, which was very recently studied by using both X-ray and radio data.
Methods. This is the first analysis based on the kinematics of member galaxies. New spectroscopic data for 285 galaxies were acquired at the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and were used in combination with PanSTARRS photometry. The result of our member selection is a sample of 198 galaxies.
Results. For RXCJ1825 and CIZAJ1824 we report the redshifts, z = 0.0645 and z = 0.0708, the first estimates of velocity dispersion, σv = 995+131−125 km s−1 and σv = 700 ± 50 km s−1, and of dynamical mass, M200 = 1.1 ± 0.4  × 1015 M⊙ and M200 = 4 ± 0.1 × 1014 M⊙. The past assembly of RXCJ1825 is traced by the two dominant galaxies, which are both aligned with the major axis of the galaxy distribution along the east–west direction, and by a minor northeast substructure. We also detect a quite peculiar high velocity field in the southwest region of the Lyra complex. This feature is likely related to a very luminous galaxy, which is characterized by a high velocity. This galaxy is suggested to be the central galaxy of a group that is in interaction with RXCJ1825 according to very recent studies based on X-ray and radio data. The redshift of the whole Lyra complex is z = 0.067. Assuming that the redshift difference between RXCJ1825 and CIZAJ1824 is due to the relative kinematics, the projected distance between the cluster centers is D ∼ 1.3 Mpc and the line–of–sight velocity difference is ∼1750 km s−1. A dynamical analysis of the system shows that the two clusters are likely to be gravitationally bound in a pre-merger phase, and that CIZAJ1824 is moving toward RXCJ1825.
Conclusions. Our results corroborate a picture where the Lyra region is the place of a very complex scenario of cluster assembly.
Inversions of synthetic umbral flashes: a selection of wavelength sampling
Authors: Felipe T. , Esteban Pozuelo S. 
Published: November 2019

Context. Imaging spectrographs are popular instruments used to obtain solar data. They record quasi-monochromatic images at selected wavelength positions. By scanning the spectral range of the line, it is possible to obtain bidimensional maps of the field-of-view with a moderate spectral resolution.
Aims. In this work, we evaluate the quality of spectropolarimetric inversions obtained from various wavelength samplings during umbral flashes.
Methods. We computed numerical simulations of nonlinear wave propagation in a sunspot and constructed synthetic Stokes profiles in the Ca II 8542 Å line during an umbral flash using the NLTE code NICOLE. The spectral resolution of the Stokes profiles was downgraded to various cases with differences in the wavelength coverage. A large set of wavelength samplings was analyzed and the performance of the inversions was evaluated by comparing the inferred chromospheric temperature, velocity, and magnetic field with the actual values at the chromosphere of the numerical simulation.
Results. The errors in the inverted results depend to a large extent on the location of the wavelength points across the profile of the line. The inferred magnetic field improves with the increase of the spectral resolution. In the case of velocity and temperature, low spectral resolution data produce a match of the inverted atmospheres with the actual values comparable to wavelength samplings with finer resolution, while providing a higher temporal cadence in the data acquisition.
Conclusions. We validated the NLTE inversions of spectropolarimetric data from the Ca II 8542 Å during umbral flashes, during which the atmosphere undergoes sudden dramatic changes due to the propagation of a shock wave. Our results favor the use of fine spectral resolution for analyses that focus on the inference of the magnetic field, whereas the estimation of temperature and velocity fluctuations can be performed with lower spectral resolution.
An Elongated Mental Spine: Case Report
Authors: Wong T. L. , Iwanaga Joe , Anand Mahindra Kumar , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mental spines (superior and inferior), also called the genial tubercles, are located in the midline on the lingual surface of the mandible. Normally, the mental spine consists of a superior pair and an inferior pair of prominences and is of small size. The mental spine provides muscle attachments to the genioglossus muscle, which attaches to the superior pair, and to the geniohyoid muscle, which attaches to the inferior pair. Here, we report a case of the mandible with an elongated mental spine harvested from a 57-year-old Caucasian woman’s cadaveric head. The dimensions of the elongated mental spine are 10.00 mm (length) × 2.72 mm (width) × 8.55 mm (height). Elongated mental spines are rarely reported as they are usually asymptomatic. Practitioners who intend to perform any procedures in the sublingual and submental regions should be aware of such structural variation.
A Novel Technology for Free Flap Monitoring: Pilot Study of a Wireless, Biodegradable Sensor
Authors: Oda Hiroki , Beker Levent , Kaizawa Yukitoshi , Franklin Austin , Min Jung Gi , Leyden Jacinta , Wang Zhen , Chang James , Bao Zhenan , Fox Paige M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Accurate monitoring of free flap perfusion after complex reconstruction is critical for early recognition of flap compromise. Surgeons use a variety of subjective and objective measures to evaluate flap perfusion postoperatively. However, these measures have some limitations. We have developed a wireless, biodegradable, and flexible sensor that can be applied to real-time postoperative free flap monitoring. Here we assess the biocompatibility and function of our novel sensor.
Methods Seven Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were used for biocompatibility studies. The sensor was implanted around the femoral artery near the inguinal ligament on one leg (implant side) and sham surgery was performed on the contralateral leg (control side). At 6 and 12 weeks, samples were harvested to assess the inflammation within and around the implant and artery. Two animals were used to assess sensor function. Sensor function was evaluated at implantation and 7 days after the implantation. Signal changes after venous occlusion were also assessed in an epigastric artery island flap model.
Results In biocompatibility studies, the diameter of the arterial lumen and intima thickness in the implant group were not significantly different than the control group at the 12-week time point. The number of CD-68 positive cells that infiltrated into the soft tissue, surrounding the femoral artery, was also not significantly different between groups at the 12-week time point. For sensor function, accurate signaling could be recorded at implantation and 7 days later. A change in arterial signal was noted immediately after venous occlusion in a flap model.
Conclusion The novel wireless, biodegradable sensor presented here is biocompatible and capable of detecting arterial blood flow and venous occlusion with high sensitivity. This promising new technology could combat the complications of wired sensors, while improving the survival rate of flaps with vessel compromise due to its responsive nature.
Investigating the additive probability of repeated language production decisions
Authors: Wallis Sean 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces an experimental paradigm based on probabilistic evidence of the interaction between construction decisions in a parsed corpus. The approach is demonstrated using ICE-GB, a one million-word corpus of English. It finds an interaction between attributive adjective phrases in noun phrases with a noun head, such that the probability of adding adjective phrases falls successively. The same pattern is much weaker in adverbs preceding a verb phrase, implying this decline is not a universal phenomenon. Noun phrase postmodifying clauses exhibit a similar initial fall in the probability of successive clauses modifying the same NP head, and embedding clauses modifying new NP heads. Successive postmodification shows a secondary phenomenon of an increase in additive probability in longer sequences, apparently due to ‘templating’ effects. The author argues that these results can only be explained as cognitive and communicative natural phenomena acting on and within recursive grammar rules.
Luciano Bianciardi
Authors: Morini Massimiliano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStarting with a discussion of ‘translator-centred’ translation studies, this article discusses the Italian writer Luciano Bianciardi as translation practitioner and theorist. Working in the age of mechanical labour and mechanical typewriters, Bianciardi translated at incredible speed, putting in physically exhausting daily shifts. Not surprisingly, he articulated a vision of his trade that associated it with the physical effort of shifting heavy loads of mud – a job he had seen performed by labourers in his native Tuscany. However, he saw the process of ‘turning over’ this linguistic mud as no mere slavish effort: just as he ‘infected’ his original writings with his own target texts, Bianciardi consciously imbued his translations with his personality and his style.
Environmental effects of fixed and variable transport-related charges in Russia
Authors: Leontyeva Y , Mayburov I 
Published: November 2019

AbstractToday, transport-related charges hold an important place in practically all national tax systems. They constantly updated to stay in line with the goals of "green policy". Such charges are becoming a mechanism of price regulation that forces car users to change their consumption patterns. The purpose of this article is to study the impacts that the existing structure of transport-related charges has on the environment and propose measures for making them more environmentally-focused. Transport-related charges were classified either as fixed or variable depending on whether the size of the charge is in proportion to the intensity of car use. The environmental impact of transport-related charges was identified through analysis of the functions that each levy performs. The analysis conducted in the study proved that Russia practically lacks regulation targeting the behavior of producers and consumers of motor vehicles and fuel. The existing system of transport related charges is revenue-focused, i.e., it satisfactorily performs only its fiscal function. At the same time, the regulatory potential function of transport-related charges in Russia remains practically untapped. The system of transport-related charges in Russia is dominated by fixed charges, the amount of which does not depend on the intensity of car use. Variable transport-related charges in Russia are fewer in number, so they cannot serve as a driver for behavior change towards sustained environmentally friendly habits in car owners. The article outlines a set of proposals for making some fixed transport-related charges in Russia more environmentally-focused and for increasing the environmental benefits of variable transport-related charges.
Integrated habitat monitoring of environmental features to site the releasing of cultivated Oncorhynchus masou formosanus
Authors: Kuan W , Chen Y , Yeh C , Huang Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Formosan landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus), an endangered species, had ever inhabited in the upper branches of stream Da-Chia of Taiwan in 1940s. However, the distribution of the salmon gradually declined and was only observed in stream Chi-Chia-Wan and stream Kao-Shan in last decades. Shei-Pa National Park has ever devoted to restoring the salmon and releasing the cultivated breeds into several historic rivers. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic monitoring and assessment of the habitat candidates is indispensable to gain the successful propagation of released salmon. This study presents a methodology for determining the optimal juveniles’ releasing sites in association with the water quality and channel’s physical features. Five historic inhabiting streams with nine monitoring sites for cultivated breeds release were selected. Three reference sites were chosen as various levels, i.e. the best, the mild interfered, and the worst circumstance for the salmon, to evaluate the candidate sites. The three reference sites located in the stream where the Formosan salmon could naturally propagate. The results indicated that the overall habitat quality of stream Lo-Ye-Wei (potential releasing site Y#1) was superior to the other sites. The increase of fish population in the Lo-Ye-Wei was significant with a total of 1269 fish in 2012 over 2.5 times the amount of 519 fish in 2011. This significant boost of salmon population in Lo-Ye-Wei indicated that the siting strategy proposed in this study is feasible for the salmon release.
Coastal development and mangroves in Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Paleologos E K , Welling B A , Amrousi M E , Masalmeh H A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mangrove forests are widely distributed in Asia, America, and Africa. These salt-tolerant bushes or trees grow at the intersection of fresh and saline waters in tidal lagoons, estuaries, and deltas creating rich ecosystems. They are used by communities for wood, and fish and shellfish harvesting, and they play an important role in soil stabilization and wave and flood modification by absorbing storm surges protecting coastal communities. Mangroves are threatened by human activities that include discharge of untreated wastewater that creates hypoxic conditions; structures, which interfere with material deposition and current circulation; and ship and boat movement, which create wake waves, or introduce ballast water. The highly salt tolerant species of Avicennia marina covers about 155 km2 of the Abu Dhabi shoreline. Mangroves’ existence in some locations there is endangered by the intense coastal development and engineered shoreline modification taking place. Cement factories with heavy metal and other particle sea deposition; marinas, ports, canals, and seawalls constructed to provide residential sea views, and motorized boats modify hydrodynamic conditions and affect the settling of particles directing them seaward. Finally, the dredging that accompanies construction removes benthic communities and material modifying the seabed and may create conditions adverse to mangrove survival.
Analysis of changes in hydrometeorological variables of Techirghiol Lake
Authors: Maftei C , Buta C , Draghici G , Filip C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTechirghiol Lake is one of the most important hypersaline lakes in South East region of Europe due in particular to its therapeutic properties. The principal threats of this ecosystem are: climate changes and watershed changes due to human activities, which result in pronounced changes of this lake. The analysis of changes (via parametric and nonparametric approaches) is one of the keystones for understanding the long term variability of this ecosystem and the factors influencing it. To analyse the evolution of lake processes the hydro-meteorological variables was investigated, spanning the 1953-2015 period. The preliminary results shows a strongly influence of anthropic impact corroborate with climate changes on hydrological lake variables.
Application of Mike11 and remote sensing in simulating flood – a case study in Tra Khuc River, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Bui L T , Bui A H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Flooding, inundation are two of five kinds of disaster (storming, erosion, drought, saline intrusion) which cause serious impacts on Vietnam. In addition, due to the effects of climate change, unstability and more serious disasters in term of frequency, locations, and intensity. In this problem, central of Vietnam, especially Quang Ngai, are famous examples. This study applys combined approach: remote sensing method for establishing flooding maps and MIKE11 for simulating flood in Tra Khuc river downstream. The research aims to provide scientific and practical basics for projects and sience missions. The data is provided from historical flooding event in Quang Ngai in 2013, the article presents results including (1) Map of flooding in Quang Ngai in 2013 with correlation coefficiency at 0.87; (2) Hydrological and hydrodynamic caribrated parameters for MIKE11 for downstream area; (3) Maps of inundation in 2013 for Tra Khuc downstream; (4) Potential flooding risk maps following climate change and sea level rise scenarios.
Toxic effect of oil spill on the growth of Ulva pertusa by stable isotope analysis
Authors: Liu Y X , Liu Y , Lou Y D , Li N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The oil spills occur frequently during the offshore oil exploration and transportation, resulting in the destruction of the marine environment. After an oil spill, petroleum can stay in the sea for a long time and pose a toxic effect on marine organism. Under the action of the waves, oil continues to diffuse, flows to the intertidal zone of the coast, where it accumulates. Ulva pertusa Kjellman (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) is the marine green algae and is widely distributed and easy to breed in the intertidal zone. The study investigated the growth rates, chlorophyll-a, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of U. pertusa under the stress of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) for two kinds of oils (0# diesel oil and Russian crude oil). The results showed that the growth rate and chlorophyll-a initially increased and then decreased under the stress of WAF. High concentration of WAF posed the obviously inhibitory effect on algae; and oil spill also causes the distinct fraction of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of U. pertusa, especially for carbon stable isotope. The change trends of bulk carbon and nitrogen isotopes were similar to those of growth rates of U. pertusa. Therefore, the application of stable isotope techniques can quickly evaluate the toxic effects of petroleum on algae and can be used as a new method to evaluate the toxicity of the oil spill in marine environment.
Spreading process simulation and optimization of the flight of municipal sludge rotary dryer
Authors: Yin F J , Zhao G J , Liang X , Wang S Q , Chai B Y , Shi Y C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In view of flights spreading process of municipal sludge rotary dryer, the holding capacity and spreading model of flights during sludge drum dryer rotation were established, the influence of setting angle and type of flights on flights tilting angle and material spreading uniformity were investigated through MATLAB programming simulation, and then the structure of flights were optimized. It can be found that the order from large to small of tilting angle of different flight types is arc type, bending type and one-section type, the spreading sludge granules uniformity of bending type flight is better than those of one-section and arc type flight, the hinge connecting part of improved flight can ensure the sludge grabbed, and solve outlet difficult problem of sludge granules at the inlet.
Impact of the three gorges reservoir operation on the hydrological situation of Poyang Lake
Authors: Deng P X , Bing J P , Jia J W , Liu X 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The operation of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has changed the hydrological situation of Yangtze River and its connected lakes. Based on the hydrodynamic model, the influence of TGR operation from 2009 to 2014 on the Poyang Lake has been evaluated. It is found that TGR impoundment reduced the discharge of the Yangtze River and the water level of Poyang Lake, brought the decreasing of the backflow phenomenon. Especially in October, the discharge and water level of Hukou station (HKS) decreased by 9.6% and 1.09 m respectively, and this effect could be up to the Kangshan area. Meanwhile, TGR operation has also increased the water level of HKS by 0.1~0.56 m from December to May, which only affected the vicinity of Duchang. In addition, TGR operation also increased the maximum water level of HKS from April to June by 0.1~0.34 m, and that from July to August decreased by 0.22~0.4 m which is beneficial to reducing the flood control risk of Poyang Lake. But TGR impoundment changed the water exchange process between Yangtze River and Poyang Lake, and advanced the dry season, which had a certain impact on the water supply and ecological environment of the lake area.