bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between rural and urban prostate cancer patients
Authors: Stolzenbach Lara Franziska , Deuker Marina , Collà-Ruvolo Claudia , Nocera Luigi , Tian Zhe , Maurer Tobias , Tilki Derya , Briganti Alberto , Saad Fred , Mirone Vincenzo , Chun Felix K. H. , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
We hypothesized that the residency status (rural area [RA] vs urban clusters [UC] vs urban areas [UA]) affects stage and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in contemporary newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) patients of all stages, regardless of treatment.

Methods
Newly diagnosed PCa patients with available residency status were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2016). Propensity-score (PS) matching, cumulative incidence plots, multivariate competing-risks regression (CRR) models were used.

Results
Of 531,468 PCa patients of all stages, 6653 (1.3%) resided in RA, 50,932 (9.6%) in UC and 473,883 (89.2%) in UA. No statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in stage at presentation or CSM were recorded. Conversely, 10-year other cause-mortality (OCM) rates were 27.2% vs 23.7% vs 18.9% (p < 0.001) in RA vs UC vs UA patients, respectively. In CRR models, RA (subhazard ratio [SHR] 1.38; p < 0.001) and UC (SHR 1.18; p < 0.001) were independent predictors for higher OCM relative to UA. These differences remained statistically significant in fully PS-adjusted multivariate CRR models.

Conclusion
RA, and to a lesser extent UC, PCa patients are at higher risk of OCM than UA patients. Higher OCM may indicate shorter life expectancy and should be considered in treatment decision making.
An analysis of surface breakup induced by laser-generated cavitation bubbles in a turbulent liquid jet
Authors: Zhou Jiayi , Andersson Mats 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe breakup of turbulent liquid jets by cavitation bubbles was investigated by artificially introducing them by focusing laser light into the jet. The induced surface deformations and ejected liquid structures were characterized using shadowgraphy with a high-speed video camera. The flow velocity of the liquid jets, which were ejected from a 6 mm nozzle, was varied by adjusting the injection pressure from 1 to 5 bar. Deionized water and a dipropylene glycol–water mixture were used to compare the breakup of liquid jets with different surface tension and viscosity. Surface deformation and breakup were found to occur in two stages. One was early breakup of liquid strings into tiny droplets. This was followed by the formation of a larger structure separating into ligaments and larger drops. Averaged time-resolved one-dimensional plots were introduced and implemented to analyze breakup statistically, to address the problem of shot-to-shot variations in the breakup due to the turbulent condition of the jets. Bubble-induced breakup could easily be distinguished from spontaneous breakup with this method. Both the position of bubble formation and the injection pressure had an influence on the scale of the breakup. The deformation of the jet surface was highly affected by shear. The structure of the deformation became less intact when the surface tension was lower. The sizes of the drops produced during the second stage of breakup were analyzed. The bubble-induced breakup produced smaller drops than the spontaneous breakup at lower injection pressure. As expected, lower surface tension favored droplet detachment and smaller sized drops.Graphic abstract
Analysis of cell-free DNA in a consecutive series of 13,607 routine cases for the detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies in a single center in Germany
Authors: Borth Heike , Teubert Anna , Glaubitz Ralf , Knippenberg Sarah , Kutur Nargül , Winkler Thomas , Eiben Bernd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a highly sensitive and specific method for detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies from maternal plasma. The objective of this study was to determine the performance of a new paired-end sequencing-based NIPT assay in 13,607 pregnancies from a single center in Germany.

Methods
Samples from 13,607 pregnant women who previously underwent NIPT were analyzed using VeriSeq NIPT Solution v2 assay for presence of common fetal trisomies and monosomy X. Follow-up to determine clinical truth was carried out.

Results
Of the 13,607 cases, 13,509 received a NIPT call resulting in a low study failure rate of 0.72%. There were 188 (1.4%) high-risk calls: 117 trisomy 21, 34 trisomy 18, 23 trisomy 13, one trisomy 21 + 13, and 13 monosomy X. High sensitivities and specificities of ≥ 98.89% were reported for all four aneuploidy conditions. Of the high-risk cases, clinical follow-up data were available for 77.1% (145/188). Clinical follow-up of high-risk calls revealed an overall positive predictive value of 84.8% (potential range 65.4–88.3%). NIPT results were provided for samples across a range of fetal fractions, down to 2% fetal fraction.

Conclusion
The VeriSeq NIPT Solution v2 assay detected fetal chromosomal aneuploidies across a range of fetal fractions with high sensitivities and specificities observed based on known clinical outcomes, a high overall PPV, and a low failure rate.
Autologous full-thickness skin graft as reinforcement in parastomal hernia repair: a feasibility study
Authors: Holmdahl V. , Gunnarsson U. , Strigård K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Parastomal hernia is a common complication of stoma formation and the methods of repair available today are unsatisfactory with high recurrence and complication rates. To improve outcome after surgical repair of parastomal hernia, a surgical method using autologous full-thickness skin grafts as intraperitoneal reinforcement has been developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of this novel surgical technique in the repair of parastomal hernia.

Methods
A pilot study was conducted between January 2018 and June 2019 on four patients with symptomatic parastomal hernia. They had a laparotomy with suture reduction of the hernia and reinforcement of the abdominal wall with autologous full-thickness skin. They were then monitored for at least 1 year postoperatively for technique-related complications and recurrence.

Results
No major technique-related complications were noted during the follow-up Two patients developed a recurrent parastomal hernia at the long term follow-up. The other two had no recurrence.

Conclusions
Autologous full-thickness skin graft as reinforcement in parastomal hernia repair is feasible and should be evaluated in a larger clinical trial.
Updates to the recently introduced family Lacipirellulaceae in the phylum Planctomycetes: isolation of strains belonging to the novel genera Aeoliella, Botrimarina, Pirellulimonas and Pseudobythopirellula and the novel species Bythopirellula polymerisocia and Posidoniimonas corsicana
Authors: Wiegand Sandra , Jogler Mareike , Boedeker Christian , Heuer Anja , Peeters Stijn H. , Kallscheuer Nicolai , Jetten Mike S. M. , Kaster Anne-Kristin , Rohde Manfred , Jogler Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEight novel strains of the phylum Planctomycetes were isolated from different aquatic habitats. Among these habitats were the hydrothermal vent system close to Panarea Island, a public beach at Mallorca Island, the shore of Costa Brava (Spain), and three sites with brackish water in the Baltic Sea. The genome sizes of the novel strains range from 4.33 to 6.29 Mb with DNA G+C contents between 52.8 and 66.7%. All strains are mesophilic (Topt 24–30 °C) and display generation times between 17 and 94 h. All eight isolates constitute novel species of either already described or novel genera within the family Lacipirellulaceae. Two of the novel species, Posidoniimonas polymericola (type strain Pla123aT = DSM 103020T = LMG 29466T) and Bythopirellula polymerisocia (type strain Pla144T = DSM 104841T = VKM B-3442T), belong to established genera, while the other strains represent the novel genera Aeoliella gen. nov., Botrimarina gen. nov., Pirellulimonas gen. nov. and Pseudobythopirellula gen. nov. Based on our polyphasic analysis, we propose the species Aeoliella mucimassa sp. nov. (type strain Pan181T = DSM 29370T = LMG 31346T = CECT 9840T = VKM B-3426T), Botrimarina colliarenosi sp. nov. (type strain Pla108T = DSM 103355T = LMG 29803T), Botrimarina hoheduenensis sp. nov. (type strain Pla111T = DSM 103485T = STH00945T, Jena Microbial Resource Collection JMRC), Botrimarina mediterranea sp. nov. (type strain Spa11T = DSM 100745T = LMG 31350T = CECT 9852T = VKM B-3431T), Pirellulimonas nuda sp. nov. (type strain Pla175T = DSM 109594T = CECT 9871T = VKM B-3448T) and Pseudobythopirellula maris sp. nov. (type strain Mal64T = DSM 100832T = LMG 29020T).
Long-term effects of adjuvant treatment for breast cancer on carotid plaques and brain perfusion
Authors: Koppelmans Vincent , van der Willik Kimberly D. , Aleman Berthe M. P. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Kavousi Maryam , Arshi Banafsheh , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram M. Arfan , Schagen Sanne B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer treatment has been associated with vascular pathology. It is unclear if such treatment is also associated with long-term cerebrovascular changes. We studied the association between radiotherapy and chemotherapy with carotid pathology and brain perfusion in breast cancer survivors.

Methods
We included 173 breast cancer survivors exposed to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, assessed ± 21.2 years after cancer diagnosis, and 346 age-matched cancer-free women (1:2) selected from the population-based Rotterdam Study. Outcome measures were carotid plaque score, intima-media thickness (IMT), total cerebral blood flow (tCBF), and brain perfusion. Additionally, we investigated the association between inclusion of the carotid artery in the radiation field (no/small/large part), tumor location, and these outcome measures within cancer survivors.

Results
Cancer survivors had lower tCBF (− 19.6 ml/min, 95%CI − 37.3;− 1.9) and brain perfusion (− 2.5 ml/min per 100 ml, 95%CI − 4.3;− 0.7) than cancer-free women. No statistically significant group differences were observed regarding plaque score or IMT. Among cancer survivors, a large versus a small part of the carotid artery in the radiation field was associated with a higher IMT (0.05, 95%CI0.01;0.09). Also, survivors with a right-sided tumor had lower left carotid plaque score (− 0.31, 95%CI − 0.60;− 0.02) and higher brain perfusion (3.5 ml/min per 100 ml, 95%CI 0.7;6.2) than those with a left-sided tumor.

Conclusions
On average two decades post-diagnosis, breast cancer survivors had lower tCBF and brain perfusion than cancer-free women. Also, survivors with a larger area of the carotid artery within the radiation field had a larger IMT. Future studies should confirm if these cerebrovascular changes underlie the frequently observed cognitive problems in cancer survivors.
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics in Special Relativity
Authors: Gavassino L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe critically revisit the definition of thermal equilibrium, in its operational formulation, provided by standard thermodynamics. We show that it refers to experimental conditions which break the covariance of the theory at a fundamental level and that, therefore, it cannot be applied to the case of moving bodies. We propose an extension of this definition which is manifestly covariant and can be applied to the study of isolated systems in special relativity. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is, then, proven to establish an equivalence relation among bodies which have not only the same temperature, but also the same center of mass four-velocity.
Harm Reduction: A Misnomer
Authors: King Nicholas B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract‘Harm reduction’ programs are usually justified on the utilitarian grounds that they aim to reduce the net harms of a behavior. In this paper, I contend that (1) the historical genesis of harm reduction programs, and the crucial moral imperative that distinguishes these programs from other interventions and policies, are not utilitarian; (2) the practical implementation of harm reduction programs is not, and probably cannot be, utilitarian; and (3) the continued justification of harm reduction on utilitarian grounds is untenable and may itself cause harm. Promoting harm reduction programs as utilitarian in the public arena disregards their deeper prioritarian impulses. ‘Harm reduction’ is a misnomer, and the name should be abandoned sooner rather than later.
Teacher support and the social classroom environment as predictors of student loneliness
Authors: Morin Astrid Hoås 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between students’ perceptions of teacher support, the social classroom environment, school loneliness, and possible gender differences among 2099 first year upper secondary school students in Norway. Data were collected in the fall (t1) and spring (t2) of the school year. Results from structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses showed that perceived emotional and instrumental teacher support were directly related to students’ perceptions of the social classroom environment, and indirectly to student loneliness through the social classroom environment. While for boys, both types of teacher support were significantly related to these variables, only emotional teacher support was of significance to girls. The strongest contributing factor to students’ school loneliness was their perceptions of the social classroom environment. Some implications of this study are that a positive social classroom environment is an important safeguard against student loneliness, and that teachers can aid in preventing loneliness among students through facilitating a positive social environment in the class.
Wissen, Wissensorientierung und die Qualität von Fachkraft-Kind-Interaktionen: Eine Analyse ihrer Zusammenhänge
Authors: Peters Svenja , Wolstein Katrin , Mischo Christoph , Ehm Jan-Henning 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungWissen und Einstellungen sind Kompetenzfacetten pädagogischer Fachkräfte, deren Einfluss auf die Qualität des Interaktionsverhaltens im Kita-Alltag diskutiert wird. Im Zuge der Forderung nach evidenzbasierter Praxis kommt der Wissensorientierung, als Teilfacette pädagogischer Einstellungen, eine besondere Rolle zu, da Fachkräfte zwar über Wissen verfügen können, sie sich für die praktische Anwendung aber auch über deren Sinnhaftigkeit sicher sein müssen. Darunter werden zwei Orientierungsformen gefasst, die Auskunft darüber geben, welche Relevanz Fachkräfte den eigenen Erfahrungen und Intuitionen (Subjektive Orientierung) bzw. wissenschaftlichen Theorien/Konzepten/empirischen Befunden (Objektive Orientierung) für Entscheidungs- und Handlungsprozesse zusprechen. Ziel des Beitrags ist es zu prüfen, ob a) (theoretisches) Wissen und Wissensorientierung von pädagogischen Fachkräften (N = 120) die Qualität des Interaktionsverhaltens vorhersagen und b), ob die Einstellungsfacetten einen moderierenden Effekt im Einfluss von Wissen auf die Interaktionsqualität haben. Die Analysen ergaben, dass das erfasste Wissen einen Prädiktor für die Qualität des sozial- und lernunterstützenden Interaktionsverhaltens darstellt. Eine handlungsleitende Funktion der Wissensorientierung konnte eingeschränkt bestätigt werden und die Subjektive Orientierung stellte sich als Moderator für den Einfluss von Wissen auf sozial- und lernunterstützendes Interaktionsverhalten heraus. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Blick auf weiterführende Forschung und Qualitätsentwicklung diskutiert.
The Harmonicity of Slice Regular Functions
Authors: Bisi Cinzia , Winkelmann Jörg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we investigate harmonicity, Laplacians, mean value theorems, and related topics in the context of quaternionic analysis. We observe that a Mean Value Formula for slice regular functions holds true and it is a consequence of the well-known Representation Formula for slice regular functions over $${\mathbb {H}}$$
H
. Motivated by this observation, we have constructed three order-two differential operators in the kernel of which slice regular functions are, answering positively to the question: is a slice regular function over $${\mathbb {H}}$$
H
(analogous to an holomorphic function over $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
) ”harmonic” in some sense, i.e., is it in the kernel of some order-two differential operator over $${\mathbb {H}}$$
H
? Finally, some applications are deduced such as a Poisson Formula for slice regular functions over $${\mathbb {H}}$$
H
and a Jensen’s Formula for semi-regular ones.
Design space for bifurcation buckling of laser-welded web-core sandwich plates as predicted by classical and micropolar plate theories
Authors: Romanoff Jani , Karttunen Anssi , Varsta Petri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe strength of laser-welded web-core sandwich plates is often limited by buckling. In design of complex thin-walled structures the combination of possible structural and material combinations is basically infinite. The feasibility of these combinations can be assessed by using analytical, numerical and experimental methods. At the early design stages such as concept design stage, the role of analytical methods is significant due to their capability for parametric description and extremely low computational efforts once the solutions have been established for prevailing differential equations. Over the recent years significant advances have been made on analytical strength prediction of web-core sandwich panels. Therefore, aim of the present paper is to show impact of this development to the design space of web-core sandwich panels in buckling. The paper reviews first, briefly the differential equations of a 2-D micropolar plate theory for web-core sandwich panels and the Navier buckling solution for biaxial compression recently derived by Karttunen et al. (Int J Solids Struct 170(1):82–94, 2019) by exploiting energy methods. By comparing the micropolar and widely-used classical first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) solutions, it is shown that the different equivalent single layer (ESL) formulations and plate aspect ratios have a significant impact on the practical outcomes of the feasible design space and this way motivating further developments for micropolar formulations from practical structural engineering viewpoint.
Sedimentary factories and ecosystem change across the Permian–Triassic Critical Interval (P–TrCI): insights from the Xiakou area (South China)
Authors: Pei Yu , Duda Jan-Peter , Reitner Joachim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Permian–Triassic mass extinction included a potentially catastrophic decline of biodiversity, but ecosystem change across this event remains poorly characterized. Here we reconstruct sedimentary factories and ecosystem change across the Permian–Triassic Critical Interval (P–TrCI) in the Xiakou area (South China). Six microfacies (MF) were classified. The succession begins with a eukaryote-controlled carbonate factory (MF-1) that passes upward into an organomineralization-dominated carbonate factory (MF-2–3). Organic-rich marls atop these units reflect carbonate factory collapse (MF-4). Organomineralization-driven carbonate formation restarts prior to the Permian–Triassic boundary (MF-5) and subsequently develops into a mixed carbonate factory where organomineralization and biomineralization are almost equally important (MF-6). MF-1 reflects oxygenated shallow water environments. In contrast, MF-2–6 were all deposited in somewhat deeper environments, some of which episodically exhibited elevated salinities, oxygen depletion, and, possibly, euxinic conditions. Our results demonstrate that distinct changes in carbonate production styles, biodiversity, and environmental conditions are not synchronous at Xiakou. Furthermore, the Xiakou record is strikingly different to that of other localities, even from the same area (e.g., the Global Stratotype Section and Point section at Meishan). Together, these findings highlight the enormous complexity of the P–TrCI and calls simplified views of the Permian–Triassic mass extinction into question.
Modal lifespan and disparity at older ages by leading causes of death: a Canada-U.S. comparison
Authors: Diaconu Viorela , Ouellette Nadine , Bourbeau Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe U.S. elderly experience shorter lifespans and greater variability in age at death than their Canadian peers. In order to gain insight on the underlying factors responsible for the Canada-U.S. old-age mortality disparities, we propose a cause-of-death analysis. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to compare levels and trends in cause-specific modal age at death (M) and standard deviation above the mode (SD(M +)) between Canada and the U.S. since the 1970s. We focus on six broad leading causes of death, namely cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, and four types of cancers. Country-specific M and SD(M +) estimates for each leading cause of death are calculated from P-spline smooth age-at-death distributions obtained from detailed population and cause-specific mortality data. Our results reveal similar levels and trends in M and SD(M +) for most causes in the two countries, except for breast cancer (females) and lung cancer (males), where differences are the most noticeable. In both of these instances, modal lifespans are shorter in the U.S. than in Canada and U.S. old-age mortality inequalities are greater. These differences are explained in part by the higher stratification along socioeconomic lines in the U.S. than in Canada regarding the adoption of health risk behaviours and access to medical services.
Lipids and membrane-associated proteins in autophagy
Authors: Li Linsen , Tong Mindan , Fu Yuhui , Chen Fang , Zhang Shen , Chen Hanmo , Ma Xi , Li Defa , Liu Xiaoxia , Zhong Qing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to various diseases. Autophagy is a membrane driven process and tightly regulated by membrane-associated proteins. Here, we summarized membrane lipid composition, and membrane-associated proteins relevant to autophagy from a spatiotemporal perspective. In particular, we focused on three important membrane remodeling processes in autophagy, lipid transfer for phagophore elongation, membrane scission for phagophore closure, and autophagosome-lysosome membrane fusion. We discussed the significance of the discoveries in this field and possible avenues to follow for future studies. Finally, we summarized the membrane-associated biochemical techniques and assays used to study membrane properties, with a discussion of their applications in autophagy.
Enhanced dielectric, ferroelectric, and optical properties in rare earth elements doped PMN-PT thin films
Authors: Zhou Shun , Lin Dabin , Su Yongming , Zhang Lin , Liu Weiguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRare earth (RE = La3+, Sm3+, Pr3+) ion doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(RE-PMN-PT) ferroelectric thin films with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary were grown on the Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si(100) substrate using sol-gel/spin coating method. The phase structure, electrical properties, and photoluminescence performance of thin films were investigated systematically. The highly (100)-preferred orientation was obtained in pure perovskite Sm-PMN-0.30PT thin films with an average grain size of 131 nm. After 2.5% Sm3+doping, the PMN-0.30PT thin films exhibited a triple enhancement of dielectric permittivity with a maximum value of 3500 at 1 kHz, a low dielectric loss of 1.3%, and high remanent polarization of 17.5 μC/cm2at room temperature. In visible light and near-infrared band, the transmittance rate increased with PT content and showed the highest value of 85% in 2.5%Sm-PMN-0.31PT. In addition, the films presented strong red-orange emission at 599 nm, which was sensitively in temperature range of 248–273 K corresponding to the rhombohedral to monoclinic phase transition temperature.