bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight bias and grading among middle and high school teachers
Authors: Finn Kristin E. , Seymour Clancy M. , Phillips Anna E. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundWeight bias is a pervasive problem for adolescents in school contexts. Despite evidence of negative attitudes towards students who are overweight, comparatively little research has examined whether teachers provide biased assessments of student work.AimsThe purpose of this study was to experimentally test whether middle and high school teachers unfairly assess students who are overweight and perceive them to be less competent.SampleParticipants included 133 teachers from first‐ring suburban middle and high schools (Mteaching experience = 16 years; 38% male).MethodsTeachers evaluated the quality of a bogus student essay assignment accompanied by photographs that portrayed the student as either not overweight or overweight. Weight bias was assessed by having teachers grade the essay and provide perceptions of student sufficiency (perceived effort, need for tutoring, and overall success in school). Opinions about bias in grading for other teachers and self were also assessed.ResultsEssays for students who were overweight were judged to be similar in structural quality, but were assigned lower grades compared to their healthy weight counterparts. Further, teachers estimated that students who were overweight put forth more effort, needed more remedial assistance, and had lower overall grades in school. Teachers’ beliefs about grading bias showed low levels of supposed bias among other teachers and a significantly lesser degree for themselves.ConclusionsThis study confirms prior research on anti‐fat attitudes and provides new evidence of biased attitudes in school settings.
Why have I failed? Why have I passed? A comparison of students’ causal attributions in second language acquisition (A1–B2 levels)
Authors: Soriano‐Ferrer Manuel , Alonso‐Blanco Elena 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundPrevious literature highlights the importance of causal attributions in achievement and motivation. However, the studies about causal attributions in second language acquisition (SLA) are limited and scarce.AimsThis study was designed to determine the frequency of successful and unsuccessful activities per English level and to compare the causal attributions (explanations of outcomes) on successful and failure authentic tasks undertaken in the context of learning English as a foreign language (EFL) acquisition in an Official School of Languages (OSL).SampleTo this aim, 407 native Spanish students from levels A1 (n = 111), A2 (n = 113), B1 (n = 98), and B2 (n = 85) in OSL participated in this study.MethodParticipants completed Attribution to Success and Failure Questionnaires (ASQ & AFQ).ResultsResults of ANOVAs and Scheffe post hoc test show main significant differences between A1 and B2 students. Students at A1 level perceive their success in the foreign language (FL) as dependent on some internal but unstable controllable variables, such as effort and strategy, and to some external variables such as teacher influence, task difficulty, and class atmosphere. On the contrary, students at B2 level perceive that their successful outcomes in FL depend on ability, marks, class level, preparation, and enjoyment within the classroom, whereas they perceive that their failure outcomes are dependent on external factors such as luck, teacher influence, and/or task difficulty.ConclusionsResults provide evidence that students from OSL employ multiple causal attributions to explain their academic success and failure, which may also have educational implications for class teachers.
Inhibition of allergen‐induced dermal eosinophilia by an oxoeicosanoid receptor antagonist in non‐human primates
Authors: Miller Lisa A. , Cossette Chantal , Chourey Shishir , Ye Qiuji , Reddy Chintam Nagendra , Rokach Joshua , Powell William S. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose5‐Oxo‐6,8,11,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid (5‐oxo‐ETE), acting via the OXE receptor, is unique among 5‐lipoxygenase products in its ability to directly induce human eosinophil migration, suggesting its involvement in eosinophilic diseases. To address this hypothesis, we synthesized selective indole‐based OXE receptor antagonists. Because rodents lack an OXE receptor orthologue, we sought to determine whether these antagonists could attenuate allergen‐induced skin eosinophilia in sensitized monkeys.Experimental ApproachIn a pilot study, cynomolgus monkeys with environmentally acquired sensitivity to Ascaris suum were treated orally with the “first‐generation” OXE antagonist 230 prior to intradermal injection of 5‐oxo‐ETE or Ascaris extract. Eosinophils were evaluated in punch biopsy samples taken 6 or 24 hr later. We subsequently treated captive‐bred rhesus monkeys sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) allergen with a more recently developed OXE antagonist, S‐Y048, and evaluated its effects on dermal eosinophilia induced by either 5‐oxo‐ETE or HDM.Key ResultsIn a pilot experiment, both 5‐oxo‐ETE and Ascaris extract induced dermal eosinophilia in cynomolgus monkeys, which appeared to be reduced by 230. Subsequently, we found that the related OXE antagonist S‐Y048 is a highly potent inhibitor of 5‐oxo‐ETE‐induced activation of rhesus monkey eosinophils in vitro and has a half‐life in plasma of about 6 hr after oral administration. S‐Y048 significantly inhibited eosinophil infiltration into the skin in response to both intradermally administered 5‐oxo‐ETE and HDM.Conclusions and Implications5‐Oxo‐ETE may play an important role in allergen‐induced eosinophilia. Blocking its effects with S‐Y048 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for eosinophilic diseases.
FOXO1 inhibition prevents renal ischemia–reperfusion injury via cAMP‐response element binding protein/PPAR‐γ coactivator‐1α‐mediated mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: Wang Di , Wang Yanqing , Zou Xiantong , Shi Yundi , Liu Qian , Huyan Tianru , Su Jing , Wang Qi , Zhang Fengxue , Li Xuejun , Tie Lu 
Published: October 2019

Background and PurposeGrowing evidence indicates targeting mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis could accelerate recovery from renal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and plays a pathological role in the progression of renal disease.Experimental ApproachA mouse model of renal I/R injury and a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model for human renal tubular epithelial cells were used.Key ResultsI/R injury up‐regulated renal expression of FOXO1 and treatment with FOXO1‐selective inhibitor AS1842856 prior to I/R injury decreased serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and the tubular damage score after injury. Post‐I/R injury AS1842856 treatment could also ameliorate renal function and improve the survival rate of mice following injury. AS1842856 administration reduced mitochondrial‐mediated apoptosis, suppressed the overproduction of mitochondrial ROS and accelerated recovery of ATP both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, FOXO1 inhibition improved mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed mitophagy. Expression of PPAR‐γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was down‐regulated in both I/R and H/R injury, which could be abrogated by FOXO1 inhibition. Experiments using integrated bioinformatics analysis and coimmunoprecipitation established that FOXO1 inhibited PGC‐1α transcription by competing with cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) for its binding to transcriptional coactivators CREBBP/EP300 (CBP/P300).Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings suggested that FOXO1 was critical to maintain mitochondrial function in renal tubular epithelial cells and FOXO1 may serve as a therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in renal I/R injury.
Mu and delta opioid receptors play opposite nociceptive and behavioural roles on nerve‐injured mice
Authors: Martínez‐Navarro Miriam , Cabañero David , Wawrzczak‐Bargiela Agnieszka , Robe Anne , Gavériaux‐Ruff Claire , Kieffer Brigitte L. , Przewlocki Ryszard , Baños Josep E. , Maldonado Rafael 
Published: October 2019

Background and PurposeMu and delta opioid receptors (MOP, DOP) contribution to the manifestations of pathological pain is not understood. We used genetic approaches to investigate the opioid mechanisms modulating neuropathic pain and its comorbid manifestations.Experimental ApproachWe generated conditional knockout mice with MOP or DOP deletion in sensory Nav1.8‐positive neurons (Nav1.8), in GABAergic forebrain neurons (DLX5/6) or constitutively (CMV). Mutant mice and wild‐type littermates were subjected to partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) or sham surgery and their nociception was compared. Anxiety‐, depressive like behaviour and cognitive performance were also measured. Opioid receptor mRNA expression, microgliosis and astrocytosis were assessed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and/or the spinal cord (SC).Key ResultsConstitutive CMV‐MOP knockouts after PSNL displayed reduced mechanical allodynia and enhanced heat hyperalgesia. This phenotype was accompanied by increased DOP expression in DRG and SC, and reduced microgliosis and astrocytosis in deep dorsal horn laminae. Conditional MOP knockouts and control mice developed similar hypersensitivity after PSNL, except for anenhanced heat hyperalgesia by DLX5/6‐MOP male mice. Neuropathic pain‐induced anxiety was aggravated in CMV‐MOP and DLX5/6‐MOP knockouts. Nerve‐injured CMV‐DOP mice showed increased mechanical allodynia, whereas Nav1.8‐DOP and DLX5/8‐DOP mice had partial nociceptive enhancement. CMV‐DOP and DLX5/6‐DOP mutants showed increased depressive‐like behaviour after PSNL.Conclusions and ImplicationsMOP activity after nerve injury increased anxiety‐like responses involving forebrain GABAergic neurons and enhanced mechanical pain sensitivity along with repression of DOP expression and spinal cord gliosis. In contrast, DOP shows a protective function limiting nociceptive and affective manifestations of neuropathic pain.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder‐Symptoms, Social Media Use Intensity, and Social Media Use Problems in Adolescents: Investigating Directionality
Authors: Boer Maartje , Stevens Gonneke , Finkenauer Catrin , van den Eijnden Regina 
Published: October 2019

Cross‐sectional research shows that adolescents’ social media use (SMU) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐symptoms are related, but it is unclear whether this relation is explained by SMU intensity or by addiction‐like SMU problems. Also, due to the lack of longitudinal studies, the direction of this relation remains unknown. This study aims to disentangle which type of SMU is related to ADHD‐symptoms, and in which direction, using a three‐wave longitudinal study among Dutch adolescents aged 11–15 years (n = 543). Findings suggest a unidirectional relation: SMU problems increased ADHD‐symptoms over time, SMU intensity did not. This implies that problematic use, rather than the intensity of use harmfully affects adolescents’ ADHD‐symptoms.
Prognostic role of the lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio for clinical outcomes of patients with progressive radioiodine‐refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated by sorafenib
Authors: Ahn Jonghwa , Song Eyun , Kim Won Gu , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Jeon Min Ji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) reflects the status of tumour‐infiltrating immune cells and host immunity. The LMR has been reported as a prognostic marker in various cancers. The present study evaluated the role of the LMR as a prognostic marker in patients with progressive radioiodine‐refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsForty patients with progressive RAIR DTC who were treated by sorafenib with available baseline complete blood cell count data.MeasurementsWe assessed the response rate, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsThe patients were divided into low and high LMR groups based on their baseline LMRs (<4, n = 22, 55% and ≥4, n = 18, 45%, respectively). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. The OS curves differed significantly based on the LMR. The median OS of the low LMR group was 24.3 months and that of the high LMR group was not reached until the end of observation period (P = .015). The PFS curves and median PFS also differed significantly based on the LMR values (P = .019). In multivariate analysis, low LMR was an independent risk factor for all‐cause mortality in patients with progressive RAIR DTC (hazard ratio, 2.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.04‐6.72, P = .041).ConclusionA low LMR was associated with poor response rate, PFS and OS in patients with progressive RAIR DTC treated with sorafenib. Thus, LMR could be a simple prognostic biomarker in patients with progressive RAIR DTC.
Loss‐of‐function mutations in centrosomal protein 112 is associated with human acephalic spermatozoa phenotype
Authors: Sha Yanwei , Wang Xiong , Yuan JinTing , Zhu Xingshen , Su Zhiying , Zhang Xuequan , Xu Xiaohui , Wei Xiaoli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcephalic spermatozoa, characterized by the headless sperm in the ejaculate, is a rare type of teratozoospermia. Here, we recruited two infertile patients with an acephalic spermatozoa phenotype to investigate the genetic pathology of acephalic spermatozoa. Whole‐exome sequencing analysis was performed and found mutations in CEP112 in the two patients: homozygous mutation c.496C > T:p.(Arg166X) in exon 5 from P1; and the biallelic mutations c.2074C > T:p.(Arg692Trp) in exon 20 and c.2104C > T:p.(Arg702Cys) in exon 20 from P2. Sanger sequencing confirmed the CEP112 mutations in the two patients. In silico analysis revealed that these CEP112 mutations are deleterious and rare, and all the mutations impact the coiled‐coil domain of CEP112, which may affect the protein function. The c.496C > T:p.Arg166X resulted in a truncated CEP112, which was verified by the mutation expression plasmid. The CEP112 expression was significantly reduced in the P2, suggesting the biallelic mutations c.2074C > T and c.2104C > T may affect the function and stability of CEP112. Therefore, we speculate that the loss‐of‐function mutations in CEP112 may be account for the human acephalic spermatozoa phenotype.
Relationship between trabecular bone architecture and early dental implant failure in the posterior region of the mandible
Authors: Nicolielo Laura Ferreira Pinheiro , Van Dessel Jeroen , Jacobs Reinhilde , Quirino Silveira Soares Mariana , Collaert Bruno 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between preoperative trabecular bone structure and implant outcome based on bone morphometric bone parameters from CBCT scans.Materials and MethodsTwenty consecutive cases with early implant failure in the posterior region of the mandible were matched with 20 control patients with a successful implant osseointegration selected. All patients had taken a preoperative CBCT image according to a standardized acquisition protocol. On these CBCT scans, the trabecular bone of each implantation site was selected and segmented, after which 3D morphometric bone parameters were calculated and used in a cluster analysis to objectively differentiate trabecular bone patterns. Fisher's exact test was used to determine whether there is a significant association between trabecular pattern and implant outcome.ResultsA sparse, intermediate, and dense trabecular bone pattern was distinguished by cluster analysis. The relationship between the trabecular bone pattern and early implant failure was significant (z = 9.6; p < .05). Early implant failure was more likely to occur in the sparse bone types, while implant survival was associated with intermediate bone types.ConclusionPrior to implant placement, attention should be given to extreme deviations in trabecular structure at the planned implant sites. Very sparse or very dense bone should be carefully evaluated at the potential implant site, while intermediate bone types seem favorable for implant survival.
Two‐year study on the application of the Paris system for urinary cytology in a cancer centre
Authors: de Paula Rafaela , Oliveira Andrea , Nunes Warley , Bovolim Graziele , Domingos Tabata , De Brot Louise , Bezerra Stephania , Cunha Isabela , Morini Mariane , Saieg Mauro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Paris system for reporting urinary cytology (TPS) was published in order to provide clear cytomorphological criteria for urine cytology specimens, focusing on high‐grade urothelial lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing TPS and to correlate with available concomitant histological samples, accessing overall sensitivity and specificity.MethodsA retrospective analysis of urine cytology reports from 2017 to 2018 using TPS was carried out, with histological correlation to concomitant samples (up to 3 months). Statistical analysis was performed with calculation of sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values and risk of malignancy (ROM) for all TPS categories.ResultsA total of 1660 specimens were evaluated. Histological specimens were available for 611 (36.8%) cases. Urine cytology categorised by TPS had 2.4% non‐diagnostic cases, 87.1% negative for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), 4.6% atypical urothelial cells, 2.7% suspicious for HGUC, 2.7% HGUC and 0.5% cases of other malignancies. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were 40.0%, 99.3%, 88.2% and 92.3%, respectively. ROM of each category was 0% for non‐diagnostic, 11.1% for negative for HGUC, 32.4% for atypical, 64.9% for suspicious for HGUC and 87.9% for HGUC and other malignancies.ConclusionOur findings indicated that implementation of TPS provided a high specificity and predictive positive value for the detection of high‐grade urothelial lesions, with proportionally increasing ROMs as categories progress from negative to positive.
A natural AKT inhibitor swertiamarin targets AKT‐PH domain, inhibits downstream signaling, and alleviates inflammation
Authors: Zhang Man , Ma Xiaoyao , Xu Honglei , Wu Wenbo , He Xin , Wang Xiaoying , Jiang Min , Hou Yuanyuan , Bai Gang 
Published: October 2019

Swertiamarin (SW), a representative component in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae, has been reported to exert significant activity in preventing infections. In this research, we aim to clarify the details of SW and its target to explore SW's underlying anti‐inflammatory mechanisms. An azide labeled SW probe was synthesized for protein target fishing, and the results demonstrated that AKT could be captured specifically. Immunofluorescence colocalization with AKT was implemented by a click reaction of the SW probe and alkynyl CY5. The result showed that AKT was one of the targets of SW. Then, a competitive combination experiment using a set of AKT inhibitors and a membrane translocation experiment confirmed that SW might target the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of AKT. This specific binding directly deactivated the phosphorylation of AKT on both Ser473 and Thr308, which induced the dephosphorylation of IKK and NF‐κB. Finally, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐8) were suppressed both in cells and in acute lung injury animal model by targeting AKT‐PH domain. This study demonstrated that SW functions as a natural AKT inhibitor and presents significant anti‐inflammatory activity by directly regulating the AKT‐PH domain and inhibiting downstream inflammatory molecules.
In situ synchrotron ultrasonic fatigue testing device for 3D characterisation of internal crack initiation and growth
Authors: Messager Alexandre , Junet Arnaud , Palin‐Luc Thierry , Buffiere Jean‐Yves , Saintier Nicolas , Ranc Nicolas , El May Mohamed , Gaillard Yves , King Andrew , Bonnin Anne , Nadot Yves 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work presents a new ultrasonic fatigue testing device for studying the initiation and propagation mechanisms of internal microstructurally short fatigue cracks using in situ synchrotron tomography. Its principle is described as well as the method used for automatically detecting crack initiation and its subsequent growth. To promote internal crack initiation, specimens containing internal casting defects were tested between the high cycle and very high cycle fatigue regimes (107‐109cycles). Preliminary results show the ability of this new device to initiate an internal microstructurally short crack in a reasonable testing time and monitor its growth.
Hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in young adults: Efficacy of nationwide selective vaccination
Authors: Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Takano Tomoko , Tanaka Motofumi , Amano Keisuke , Imamura Michio , Ogawa Koji , Yasunaka Tetsuya , Yasui Yutaka , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Tanaka Yasuhito , Tajiri Hitoshi ,   for the Japanese adolescent HBV‐HCC study group
Published: October 2019

AimHepatitis B vaccination in infancy was carried out in Japan only when the mother was persistently infected from 1986 to 2016. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the results of vaccination for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in young adults.MethodsWe studied the number of patients who had liver cancer and died from 1976 to 2017 using a national database. Furthermore, we carried out a nationwide survey focusing on patients with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma who were diagnosed when aged <40 years from 2007 to 2016.ResultsThe national database showed that the number of deaths of patients aged <40 years decreased from 337 in 1986 to 61 in 2016. Among the 122 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who were registered in the survey, just three patients were born after the start of the vaccination in 1986. Liver cirrhosis, defined by a high Fib‐4 index (≥3.25), was found in just 12.5% of the patients at the time of the survey. HCC was incidentally diagnosed in 85 of the 122 (69%) patients. More than 60% of the patients (54/88) were dead at the time of the study, which may be attributed to the delay in diagnosis.ConclusionsSelective vaccination was effective for the prevention of hepatitis B virus‐related HCC. In contrast, many young adults who missed the chance of hepatitis B vaccination and HCC surveillance developed HCC and died. Hepatitis B virus screening in young adults and careful follow up of infected patients are important to prevent HCC development.