bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and use of a single real‐time PCR assay to identify the three spider mite species Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus lambi and Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Chen Yizhou , Woolley Lauren , Nguyen Duong , Gupta Risha , Chandler Gregory T , Nehl David , Herron Grant A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTetranychid spider mites are a significant worldwide pest of agriculture with Tetranychus urticae being the most important. In Australian cotton, T. urticae is the most damaging, but Tetranychus ludeni and Tetranychus lambi are also present and can be difficult to distinguish morphologically. For this reason, a fast‐diagnostic assay was developed to identify T. urticae, T. lambi and T. ludeni in a single real‐time PCR reaction. The assay design was based on a universal primer pair to amplify the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1) with three species‐specific TaqMan probes. The assay was validated by sequencing three known reference strains for T. urticae, T. lambi and T. ludeni and a blind test on 14 DNA samples that included species other than the three target species. The method correctly identified the target species and produced a negative result against other non‐target species. Furthermore, we examined 22 field‐collected spider mite populations from Australian cotton that had been laboratory maintained. Here, we found that 50% of the populations labelled as T. urticae were mixed with T. lambi and quarter of the populations labelled with T. lambi contained T. urticae. It demonstrates just how difficult it is to maintain strain integrity with multiple species in proximity. Finally, the assay was used by Biosecurity Australia to test 2125 mite quarantine intercept specimens. They found 1949 T. urticae, 1 T. lambi, 13 T. ludeni and 162 unknown specimens confirming assay accuracy and robustness. The diagnostic assay developed can provide quick spider mite species identification and can support multiple uses including species identification to support spray decisions or the precise identification of border quarantine intercepts where accuracy and turnaround time is critical.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients requiring prolonged inotropes after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Cruz Rodriguez Jose B. , Stewart Garrick C. , Pamboukian Salpy V. , Tallaj Jose A. , Rajapreyar Indranee , Kirklin James K. , Holman William L. , Hoopes Charles W. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Mallawaarachchi Indika , Dwivedi Alok , Acharya Deepak 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLimited data exist regarding patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support who require long‐term inotropes. Our primary objective was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and all‐cause mortality of LVAD recipients with prolonged inotrope use (PIU). Secondary endpoints were to compare predictors of PIU, mortality, risk of late re‐initiation of inotropes, time to gastrointestinal bleed (GIB), infection, and arrhythmias. Retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients with primary continuous‐flow LVADs implanted from January 2008 to February 2017 and the patients were followed up through February 2018. We defined PIU as ≥14 days of inotrope support. Kaplan–Meier method, competing risk models and Cox proportional hazard models were used. Final analytic sample was 203 patients, 58% required PIU, and 10% were discharged on inotropes. There was no difference in preimplant characteristics. One‐year survival rate was 87% if no PIU required, 74% if PIU required, and 72% if discharged on inotropes. PIU was associated with longer length of stay and higher incidence of GIB. We found no association between PIU and late re‐initiation of inotropes, infection or arrhythmias. Adjusted hazard risk of death was increased in patients with PIU (HR = 1.66, P = .046), older age (HR = 1.28, P = .031), and higher creatinine levels (HR = 1.60, P = .007). Prolonged inotrope use is frequently encountered following LVAD implantation and is associated with adverse prognosis but remains a therapeutic option. Inability to wean inotropes prior to hospital discharge is a marker of patients at particularly higher risk of mortality following LVAD implantation.
Measurement of German cockroach allergens and their isoforms in allergen extracts with mass spectrometry
Authors: Mindaye Samuel T. , David Natalie A. , Zarkesh Esfahani Sayyed Amin , Schal Coby , Matsui Elizabeth C. , Rabin Ronald L. , Slater Jay E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAllergen extracts are the primary tool for diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. In the United States, most allergen extracts are non‐standardized. More sophisticated analytical approaches are needed to characterize these products and enable manufacturers and regulators to better determine potency.ObjectiveTo expand the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay for an in‐depth characterization of German cockroach (GCr; Blattella germanica) allergen extracts.MethodsWe applied advanced liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques including MRM. The expanded LC/MRM‐MS method was optimized to measure known GCr allergens and their isoforms/variants in commercial extracts and environmental samples. We performed isoform‐specific allergen measurements in multiple extracts from four commercial sources and extracts prepared using environmental samples from urban homes. To investigate causes of heterogeneity, we examined over 30 extraction process variables.ResultsEvaluation of the commercial extracts confirmed the variability of production lots and commercial sources. Commonly used defatting and extraction protocols yielded extracts with comparable allergen profiles and content. However, the identity and quality of source materials was a major contributor to variability. In comparing commercial GCr extracts to environmental samples, relative quantities of Bla g 1, Bla g 2, Bla g 3, Bla g 4 and Bla g 11 were similar, while Bla g 5, Bla g 6, Bla g 7 and Bla g 8 were present in the environmental samples but largely absent for the commercial extracts.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceLC/MRM‐MS can be used to measure all known GCr allergens in commercial allergen extracts and environmental samples. Significant differences exist between allergen profiles of commercial extracts and the profiles of environmental samples from dwellings. This analytical platform can serve as a template to achieve better product characterization of similarly complex products.
Doing ethnographic method with babies – Participation and perspective approached from the floor
Authors: Orrmalm Alex 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the insights we can gain about children's participation and children's perspectives by exploring babies' engagements with the researcher and research technology during ethnographic fieldwork in babies' homes. The article argues that attending to what is unplanned, troubling and messy offers opportunities for reflection on how participation and perspectives is done with babies in specific embodied and material research encounters. The article further argues for a cautious curiousness towards bringing in the notions of babies' participation and babies' perspectives into the discussion on children's participation and children's perspectives.
Linguistic Convergence to Observed Versus Expected Behavior in an Alien‐Language Map Task
Authors: Wade Lacey , Roberts Gareth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndividuals shift their language to converge with interlocutors. Recent work has suggested that convergence can target not only observed but also expected linguistic behavior, cued by social information. However, it remains uncertain how expectations and observed behavior interact, particularly when they contradict each other. We investigated this using a cooperative map task experiment, in which pairs of participants communicated online by typing messages to each other in a miniature “alien” language that exhibited variation between alien species. The overall task comprised three phases, in each of which participants were told that they would be paired with a different partner. One member of the pair was given explicit linguistic expectations in each phase, while the software controlled whether or not observed behavior from their partner would be consistent or inconsistent with these expectations. The other participant was given no such expectations, allowing us to control for the role of expectation. Participants converged to both observed and expected linguistic behavior, and convergence was boosted when observation and expectation were aligned. When expected and observed behavior were misaligned, participants updated their expectations, though convergence levels did not drop. Furthermore, participants generalized what they learned about one partner to apparent novel partners of the same alien species. We also discuss individual variation in convergence patterns and the lack of a relationship between linguistic convergence and success at the map task. Findings are consistent with observations outside the laboratory that language users converge toward expected linguistic behavior. They also have broader implications for understanding linguistic accommodation and the influence of social information on linguistic processing and production.
Clinical “real‐world” experience with letermovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Anderson Anthony , Raja Mohammed , Vazquez Neisy , Morris Michele , Komanduri Krishna , Camargo Jose 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLetermovir was approved in 2017 for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in seropositive (R+) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patients. Post‐marketing data with this new agent are scarce.MethodsWe compared the incidence of both CMV reactivation (any viremia) and clinically significant CMV infection (CS‐CMVi; CMV DNAemia leading to preemptive treatment or presence of CMV tissue invasive disease) at days +100 and +200 post‐HCT in 25 adult allogeneic HCT patients who received letermovir prophylaxis (until day 100) and a historical control group of 106 CMV R+ allogeneic HCT recipients who underwent CMV preemptive therapy.ResultsCMV reactivation within 100 days post‐HCT was lower in the letermovir group vs control group (20% vs 72% respectively, P < .001). The 100‐day cumulative incidence of CS‐CMVi was significantly lower in the letermovir group vs control group (4% vs 59% respectively, P < .001). Significantly reduced incidence of CMV reactivation and CS‐CMVi was also observed at 200 days in the letermovir group. No difference in mortality was observed between the two groups.ConclusionThis study confirms the efficacy of letermovir in preventing CMV reactivation in CMV R+ allogeneic HCT recipients in first 100 days post‐HCT and suggests sustained efficacy after discontinuation of prophylaxis.
A combination of total tau and neurofilaments discriminates between neurodegenerative and primary psychiatric disorders
Authors: Fourier A. , Formaglio M. , Kaczorowski F. , Mollion H. , Perret‐Liaudet A. , Sauvee M. , Quadrio I. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeNeuropsychiatric symptoms are commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases. No biomarker is currently available to diagnose psychiatric conditions. As a consequence, the distinction between psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders can be challenging in daily practice.MethodsThis retrospective study included a cohort of 64 primary psychiatric patients (PSY) and 162 patients suffering from various neurodegenerative disorders (NDG). Total tau (t‐Tau), phosphorylated tau (p‐Tau), Aβ1‐42 peptide (Aβ1‐42) and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) were analysed in cerebrospinal fluid. The discrimination between PSY and NDG patients was assessed using both individual and combined analysis of cerebrospinal fluid markers.ResultsCerebrospinal fluid t‐Tau and NfL exhibited the best diagnostic performances: they were able to discriminate between PSY and each subgroup of NDG patients. t‐Tau had the highest sensitivity (93.8%) but a poor specificity (67.3%). Indeed, some NDG subgroups exhibited low t‐Tau levels comparable to PSY patients. A sequential combination t‐Tau + NfL improved the characterization of patients, especially in these particular subgroups, increasing specificity up to 89.6% without modification of sensitivity. Finally, this combination of markers led to a high classification rate of 90.7% for the whole cohort of patients.ConclusionThe sequential combination t‐Tau + NfL enables the biological detection of neurodegeneration in patients with psychiatric features. This association of markers seems to be a promising strategy for a differential diagnosis in clinical practice between primary psychiatric conditions and neurodegenerative disorders, thus improving medical care of patients.
Multimeric conformation of type III intermediate filaments but not the filamentous conformation exhibits high affinity to lipid bilayers
Authors: Hwang Beomju , Ise Hirohiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and peripherin, classified as the type III intermediate filament family, maintain the integrity and architecture of various cell types. Recently, we reported their cell surface expression and binding to multivalent N‐acetylglucosamine‐conjugated polymers. Furthermore, the presence of vimentin on the surface of various cell types including malignant tumor cells and fibroblasts has been demonstrated. Type III intermediate filament proteins are traditionally considered intracellular proteins and do not possess signal peptides for cell membrane recruitment. Therefore, the mechanism of their transport to the cell surface is unclear. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate this mechanism by focusing on the relationship between their multimeric structure and lipid bilayer affinity. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that cell surface‐expressed type III intermediate filament proteins formed a multimeric mostly including 4–12‐mers but not filamentous structure. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the multimeric structure of these recombinant proteins had high affinity to lipid bilayers, whereas their filament‐like large multimeric structure did not. Our results suggest that type III intermediate filaments are incorporated into the cell membrane through alteration from a filamentous to a multimeric structure.
Why stay? Resilience in haemophilia physicians in the 1980s
Authors: Sekhar Mallika , Jadhav Sushrut 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe occurrence of AIDS in 1980s posed difficult problems for haemophilia clinicians worldwide. The impact of these events is substantial, and the events continue to be subject to judicial proceedings and publications. The stance of haemophilia physicians, particularly their professional resilience, is of importance and remains unexamined.MethodsDeploying oral histories informed by literature review of scientific publications and past inquiry reports, this qualitative study addresses how physicians continued to work in haemophilia during those years and attributes that contributed to their resilience.Results and conclusionsExperience and role in laboratory aspects were of value in handling and communicating uncertainty. Collegiality, peer support and scholarship were important in sustaining their roles, in clinical decision‐making and re‐instating confidence in the therapeutic relationship during the toughest years of their practice.
SHRIMP U–Pb ages of zircons from the Lengshuikeng ore field, North Wuyi Mountains, South China: Implications for dating volcaniclastic rocks
Authors: Wu Jian‐Hua , Guo Heng‐Fei , Yang Dong‐Guang , Wang Kai‐Xing , Wei Chang‐Xi , Guo Jia‐Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Lengshuikeng Ag‐Pb‐Zn ore field is located in the North Wuyi Mesozoic volcanic belt south of the Qinzhou–Hangzhou suture zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysia paleo‐plates. Previous zircon U–Pb geochronological studies on ignimbrites and tuffs from this area have yielded conflicting ages of 157–161 Ma (Early Upper Jurassic) and 137–144 Ma (Early Lower Cretaceous). Volcanic rocks in the ore field have even been proposed to include both ages. Our SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating of the ignimbrite and tuff samples from the ore field, along with field observations and results from geochronological work on other volcanic and sub‐volcanic rocks in the region, shows that two populations of magmatic zircons, one autocrystic and the other xenocrystic, are present in the pyroclastic rocks. The autocrystic zircons have ages suggesting formation/eruption at approximately 140 Ma, whereas the xenocrystic zircons give ages of 155–159 Ma, indicating intrusion of granitic porphyries in the Early Upper Jurassic. Therefore, the pyroclastic rocks in the Lengshuikeng Ag–Pb–Zn ore field formed in the Early Lower Cretaceous. The youngest zircon U–Pb ages from pyroclastic rocks may not represent the formation/eruption ages of the host rock, depending most likely on the existence and/or abundance of juvenile or vitric pyroclasts in the rocks.
Approach to ablative management of patient with persistent atrial fibrillation and enduring pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Kalman Jonathan M. , Sugumar Hariharan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnduring isolation of the pulmonary veins (PV) is becoming increasingly common in patients undergoing repeat catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. We describe our approach to ablation strategy in a patient with enduring isolation of PV and briefly discuss the role of non‐PV triggers.
Genotype‐environment interactions rule the response of a widespread butterfly to temperature variation
Authors: Günter Franziska , Beaulieu Michaël , Freiberg Kasimir F. , Welzel Ines , Toshkova Nia , Žagar Anamarija , Simčič Tatjana , Fischer1 Klaus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how organisms adapt to complex environments is a central goal of evolutionary biology and ecology. This issue is of special interest in the current era of rapidly changing climatic conditions. Here, we investigate clinal variation and plastic responses in life history, morphology and physiology in the butterfly Pieris napi along a pan‐European gradient by exposing butterflies raised in captivity to different temperatures. We found clinal variation in body size, growth rates and concomitant development time, wing aspect ratio, wing melanization and heat tolerance. Individuals from warmer environments were more heat‐tolerant and had less melanised wings and a shorter development, but still they were larger than individuals from cooler environments. These findings suggest selection for rapid growth in the warmth and for wing melanization in the cold, and thus fine‐tuned genetic adaptation to local climates. Irrespective of the origin of butterflies, the effects of higher developmental temperature were largely as expected, speeding up development; reducing body size, potential metabolic activity and wing melanization; while increasing heat tolerance. At least in part, these patterns likely reflect adaptive phenotypic plasticity. In summary, our study revealed pronounced plastic and genetic responses, which may indicate high adaptive capacities in our study organism. Whether this may help such species, though, to deal with current climate change needs further investigation, as clinal patterns have typically evolved over long periods.
Embryonic development of skull bones in the Sahara horned viper (Cerastes cerastes), with new insights into structures related to the basicranium and braincase roof
Authors: Khannoon Eraqi R. , Ollonen Joni , Di‐Poï Nicolas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOntogenetic studies are crucial for understanding functional morphology, origin and adaptation of skulls in vertebrates. However, very few studies have so far released complete embryonic series focusing on skull embryonic development in species showing diverse and extreme cranial morphologies such as snakes. The wide distribution and unique reproductive and ecological behaviors of venomous vipers, including the heterogeneity in breeding and egg incubation periods in oviparous species, make this group an excellent new model for studying the diversity of skull developmental processes in snakes. Here we present the first complete description of osteocranium development in a viperine snake, Cerastes cerastes, using detailed analysis of the ossification pattern of individual bones across different embryonic stages based on high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography data. Particularly, we describe in detail the development of the laterosphenoid from its dorsal and ventral components, dividing the trigeminal foramen into maxillary and mandibular foramina. Furthermore, our data help clarify some controversy concerning the presence and/or origin of structures related to the snake basicranium and braincase roof. For example, our detailed description of supraoccipital development suggests that this bone derived, at least in part, from the tectum posterius, although the involvement of the tectum synoticum cannot be totally excluded. Similarly, the epiotic centers of supraoccipital ossification are confirmed during braincase development, and the ancestral lacrimal bone primordium is observed as a ventral element at the early stages of prefrontal development. Finally, our embryonic C. cerastes data highlight a plausible asymmetry in snake skull development, mostly occurring in the basicranium region, but further investigations of embryonic samples and viper species would be required to confirm such phenomenon.
Becoming a good nurse – Socialisation of newly employed nurses into the oncological clinic
Authors: Pettersson Alexandra , Glasdam Stinne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore newly employed nurses’ socialisation in the process of introduction into an oncological clinic from the perspectives of unit managers and newly employed nurses.BackgroundThere are managerial challenges in retaining nurses at workplaces. The way in which nurses are socialised into their work is important for their job satisfaction and retainment.MethodQualitative, semi‐structured interviews with seven nurses and two unit managers, and written introductory material. Thematic analyses were made, inspired by Goffman's concepts of social interaction, back stage, front stage and roles. SRQR checklist was used.ResultsUnit managers created the framework for socialising newly employed nurses through written introductory guidelines and assignments of supervisors as mainstream role models. Newly employed nurses were socialised gradually through mirroring their supervisors in their role as nurse. Front stage, patients often functioned as objects for newly employed nurses’ training. Back stage, patients often functioned as communication objects for all professionals. Newly employed nurses, who also demand roles such as transformer, boss, coordinator, prompter and friend, were socialised into the role of assistant to the doctor. Medical rounds functioned as a socialisator in this process.ConclusionThe allocated supervisors were role models in socialising newly employed nurses into an oncological clinic and its culture. Nurses were socialised into an understanding of care as a biomedical orientation, in which medicine had a higher value than care in the existing knowledge hierarchy at the oncological clinic. This might have implications for who applies for and stays in the job.Relevance to clinical practiceIncreased awareness of the importance of socialisation of nurses into the clinic during the introduction process. Re‐thinking nurses’ independent functions and patient perspectives in introduction of newly employed nurses to maintain and develop nursing as an independent profession.