bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Serum Lactate Levels in Critically Ill Patients in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gutiérrez Hedgar Berty , Concepción Yenisey Arteaga , Pérez Jorge Soneira , Lara Yanín Díaz , López Félix Mario Rivero , Contreras Pedro Rosales 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The patient in critical condition, regardless of the cause of admission, continues to be a challenge for health systems due to the high mortality that it reports. There is a need to identify some marker of early obtaining, easy to interpret and with high relevance in the prognosis of these patients.

Objective
To determine the prognostic value of serum lactate in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Method
One hundred and forty-five patients admitted to an ICU were enrolled in the study. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE) prognosis score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, hemodynamic support need, mechanical ventilation, cause of admission, stay in ICU, analytical and physiological variables were determined. The probability of survival of patients who had elevated and normal serum lactate levels was calculated. The risk of dying was determined using the Cox regression model.

Results
Twenty-eight patients died (19%) in the ICU. The serum lactate value was higher in the group of patients with trauma, infections, APACHE II and high creatinine levels; as well as with decreased mean arterial blood pressure, need for hemodynamic support and mechanical ventilation. The survival capacity was higher in patients who had normal serum lactate. Serum lactate was the sole independent predictor of mortality (AHR 1.28 [1.07-1.53], p = 0.008).

Conclusions
Patient assessment through the determination of serum lactate levels provides useful information in the initial evaluation of the critical patient.
Equations for predicting interrill erosion on steep slopes in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Authors: Feng Qian , Linyao Dong , Jigen Liu , Bei Sun , Honghu Liu , Jiesheng Huang , Hao Li 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir region suffers from severe soil erosion that leads to serious soil degradation and eutrophication. Interrill erosion models are commonly used in developing soil erosion control measures. Laboratory simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between interrill erosion rate and three commonly hydraulic parameters (flow velocity V, shear stress τ and stream power W). The slope gradients ranged from 17.6% to 36.4%, and the rainfall intensities varied from 0.6 to 2.54 mm·min−1.
The results showed that surface runoff volume and soil loss rates varied greatly with the change of slope and rainfall intensity. Surface runoff accounted for 67.2–85.4% of the precipitation on average. Soil loss rates increased with increases of rainfall intensity and slope gradient, Regression analysis showed that interrill erosion rate could be calculated by a linear function of V and W. Predictions based on V (R
2 = 0.843, ME = 0.843) and W (R
2 = 0.862, ME = 0.862) were powerful. τ (R
2 = 0.721, ME = 0.721) did not seem to be a good predictor for interrill erosion rates. Five ordinarily interrill erosion models were analyzed, the accuracy of the models in predicting soil loss rate was: Model 3 (ME = 0.977) > Model 4 (ME = 0.966) > Model 5 (ME = 0.963) > Model 2 (ME = 0.923) > Model 1 (ME = 0.852). The interrill erodibility used in the model 3 (WEPP) was calculated as 0.332×106 kg·s·m−4. The results can improve the precision of interrill erosion estimation on purple soil slopes in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
The variability of ice phenomena on the rivers of the Baltic coastal zone in the Northern Poland
Authors: Łukaszewicz Jan Tadeusz , Graf Renata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of the research was to determine the conditions affecting ice phenomena, including the three-phase cycle of ice: expansion, retention and decay of the ice cover on selected rivers of the Baltic coastal zone in the Northern Poland (Przymorze region). The analysis has been elaborated for the years 1951–2010 against the backdrop of currently occurring climatic changes, with particular emphasis on the development and phase variability of the NAO. The article presents the impact of the variability in atmospheric circulation which has manifested in an increase in air temperature, over the last 20 years, on thermal conditions during winter periods in the South Baltic Coastal Strip. The increase in air temperature has contributed to an increase in the temperature of river waters, thus leading to a shortening of the duration of ice phenomena on rivers in the Przymorze region. The article also brings to light an increased occurrence of winter seasons classified as cool, and a disruption in the occurrence of periods classified as normal over the last 30 observed years. The research has demonstrated a significant dependence between the seasonal change in air temperature and the variability of thermal conditions of water, which has a direct impact on the variability of the icing cycle of rivers in the Przymorze region. The authors also show that the variability in forms of ice phenomena for individual river sections is determined by the local factors, i.e. anthropogenic activity, impact of urbanized areas or inflow of pollutants.
Impact of secondary succession in abandoned fields on some properties of acidic sandy soils
Authors: Lichner Ľubomír , Iovino Massimo , Šurda Peter , Nagy Viliam , Zvala Anton , Kollár Jozef , Pecho Jozef , Píš Vladimír , Sepehrnia Nasrollah , Sándor Renáta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Abandonment of agricultural lands in recent decades is occurring mainly in Europe, North America and Oceania, and changing the fate of landscapes as the ecosystem recovers during fallow stage. The objective of this study was to find the impact of secondary succession in abandoned fields on some parameters of acidic sandy soils in the Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia). We investigated soil chemical (pH and soil organic carbon content), hydrophysical (water sorptivity, and hydraulic conductivity), and water repellency (water drop penetration time, water repellency cessation time, repellency index, and modified repellency index) parameters, as well as the ethanol sorptivity of the studied soils. Both the hydrophysical and chemical parameters decreased significantly during abandonment of the three investigated agricultural fields. On the other hand, the water repellency parameters increased significantly, but the ethanol sorptivity did not change during abandonment. As the ethanol sorptivity depends mainly on soil pore size, the last finding could mean that the pore size of acidic sandy soils did not change during succession.
Measuring Teachers-As-Learners’ Digital Skills and Readiness to Study Online for Successful e-Learning Experience
Authors: Mirķe Evija , Cakula Sarma , Tzivian Lilian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previous studies have analysed the need to measure learners’ readiness for online learning. In the framework of education reform in Latvia, by the end of 2021 the National Centre for Education will implement online courses for all school teachers. However, there is a lack of studies investigating teachers-as-learners’ readiness to study online in Latvia. The aim of the study was to assess Latvian teachers’ readiness to study online with focus on the differences of respondents’ socio-demographic or professional characteristics. 1092 teachers from 100 schools filled in the self-evaluation survey form online. Statistically significant differences were found in all subscales of the survey. Differences in digital skills and in readiness to study online were found at all education levels by respondents’ gender, age group or place of living. Younger respondents, males or city inhabitants showed higher rates. E-learning course should be customized, taking into account learners’ socio-demographic parameters and online learning readiness rate.
Detailed Images for Sustainability Development in Cross-Sectional Human Anatomy
Authors: Kažoka Dzintra , Pilmane Māra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In medical education and preclinical, clinical and transdisciplinary studies, tutors should be able to perform and offer qualitative study courses with more articulated perspective on higher educational sustainable development in higher education. Digital images have found their direct way to education in different medical areas. The aims of the study are to assess and verify the impact of cross-sectional images on the study process of Human Anatomy. In 2018, two randomly selected groups of 200 students from 2nd study year, Faculty of Medicine (Rīga Stradiņš University) were asked by tutors to identify several anatomical structures, using a three-dimensional virtual dissection table “Anatomage”. Group I analyzed cross-sectional images after cutting and segmentation of human body with interactive tools. Group II studied X-ray pictures, computerized tomography scans and magnetic resonance images of different regions and systems. The present paper focuses on the rate of cross-sectional image effectiveness in both groups. Analyzed detailed images represent their role in teaching and learning of Human Anatomy. Interpretation of these medical images will require very deep anatomical knowledge from basic studies until clinical courses.
Students’ Participation in Search for Sustainability: A Case Study from Lithuania
Authors: Valackienė Asta , Kairienė Brigita 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
While many studies explain the contributions of economics and environmental protection to social sustainability, and discuss how to achieve sustainable development (SD) through education, less is known about change processes in order to ensure the sustainable development at school. The authors emphasize that as active members of the school community, students should get involved in the school transformation processes. However, is a contemporary school ready for this? The study aims at answering the following questions: How are students as active participants of educational relationship involved in the change processes and how should their involvement be managed seeking sustainability by examining the education institution located in Lithuania? The findings demonstrate that the process of the student involvement in the school transformation process has been explored applying the qualitative approach strategies (integrated theoretical model for change management and case study) from two points of view: theoretical (by analyzing the documents governing the school transformation process) and practical (by analyzing the reflections of the school principal’s in-depth interview concerning the student involvement in school transformation processes).
Relationship between Proactivity and Personal Pedagogical Knowledge in ESD among Pre-service Teachers: Sub-sampling on Social Media Usage and Subject Discipline
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Athira Chellamma , Bhaskaran Suresh , Ambujakshi Sudharma 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Personal Pedagogical Knowledge (PPK), one of the elementary factors of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), explains how teacher personality influences his/her unique way of teaching. It is an inevitable part of the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Pre-service teachers, who are participating in the knowledge management program for sustainable development, should possess strengthened or organized PPK. The curriculum of Teacher Education should have been reconfigured to conceptualize PPK as a lens to observe various teaching competences needed for sustainability. The personality of a teacher is considered right only when he/she organizes his/her behavior in a proactive way. It means the teacher should develop an ability to be in patience on the right path even though the situation is unfavorable. Proactivity organizes PPK that means the teacher personality is strong enough to make gradual changes in the unfavorable situation and turn it into favorable. This study aims at examining the relationship between Pro-activity and PPK among pre-service teachers based on their social media usage and subject discipline in the context of ESD. The major objectives are as follows: (1) to find out the extent of Proactivity and PPK among pre-service teachers in the context of ESD and (2) to find out the relationship between Proactivity and PPK among pre-service teachers. The study adopted a normative survey method by sampling 60 pre-service teachers from science and arts/humanities discipline. The sample is also categorized based on whether the pre-service teachers are users or not users of social media for propagating sustainability. Major findings are as follows: (1) there are significant pairwise differences in the Proactivity and PPK scores of high, average and low levels in the context of sustainability among pre-service teachers; (2) pre-service teachers using social media and those from arts/humanities discipline are exhibiting high levels of Proactivity and PPK than those who are not using social media and those from Science Education; and (3) there is a substantial relationship between Proactivity and PPK among pre-service teachers in whole and relevant sub-samples based on social media usage and subject-discipline regarding ESD.
Willingness to Communicate, Possible Selves, Learner Autonomy, and Academic Target Needs: Implications for Sustainable Development in L2 Pedagogy
Authors: Esfandiari Rajab , Hesani Sepideh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Life-long learning requires that language learners be well prepared for the target situations they will be operating in. To achieve this goal and to improve education for sustainable development, language teachers and language educators need to motivate language learners to participate in the target language. The present study, therefore, investigated the relationships between willingness to communicate (WTC) and possible selves, WTC and learner autonomy, and WTC and academic target needs in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) context to open up new horizons for sustainable L2 learning. In addition, the present study was aimed at examining the extent to which WTC, possible selves, and learner autonomy would predict academic target needs. Five hundred and ninety male and female undergraduate students from two state-run universities in Iran participated in this study. The present study used four questionnaires to collect the data, and SPSS (version 25) was used to analyze the data. The findings showed a significant positive relationship between WTC and possible selves. Finally, results from hierarchical multiple regression revealed that WTC, possible selves, and learner autonomy were predictors of academic target needs. The findings suggest that the interplay of several variables should be considered if language learners need to actively communicate in L2 academic settings. Implications for sustainable development in L2 pedagogy are also discussed.
Common Points in the Policy of Italy and Central Europe
Authors: Hamerli Petra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent news often compares current Italian policy to that of Central Europe – especially Hungary. The latest elections brought victory to right-wing populism in Italy and the Visegrad countries – especially in Hungary and Poland – with the key points of their discourse concentrated on similar topics such as Euroscepticism, migration and security, which are tightly connected to the refugee question. Right-wing theories have historical traditions both in Italy (Fascism) and Central Europe (rightist and extreme rightist parties) that I think important to summarise, as some of their elements can also be found in the political thinking of nowadays. The paper presents the main parties of Italy and those of the Visegrad countries and compares their common elements to see whether Italy can politically belong to Central Europe.
Political Sources of Hungarian Soft Power
Authors: Kacziba Péter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, Joseph Nye’s concept of soft power has become a popular tool for analysing and explaining foreign policy directions of countries that lack significant capacities of hard power. Beyond other states, Hungary has also received special attention in this regard as several surveys and indexes have measured a high increase in its soft power efficiency. This paper attempts to analyse how Hungarian domestic and external political approaches supported this assumed progress and seeks to understand how political values, governance practices and foreign policy strategies have influenced the effectiveness of Hungarian soft power. The paper will argue that the recent Hungarian political directions have produced controversial outcomes and the populist orientation has increased and, at the same time, constrained the effectiveness of soft power. It has increased because populist rhetoric has created a much larger international fame and agenda-setting capacity than would have been expected from a small Central European country. However, it has also been constrained because controversial domestic and conflicting foreign policies were rejected by the European moderate majority. As a result, today, Hungarian external policies suffer from a serious deficit of legitimacy and moral authority which significantly limit the presumed progress of soft power.
Interpretasi Pemaknaan Relief Tokoh Gaja-Lakșmī Koleksi Museum Sonobudoyo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Murdihastomo Ashar , Tanzaq Yoses , Kirana Ayu Dipta , Fadhilah Fitra Nur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract, The existence of Gaja-Lakșmī sculpture at Sonobudoyo Museum is interesting because it is rarely found in Indonesia. The figure of Gaja-Lakșmī is depicted in a sitting position. There are two elephants that carved on the right and left side of goddess. The elephants lift their trunks and showed that they are pouring water on the goddess. Certainly, the sculpture has a specific purpose, especially, because it was carved on media that indicated as the upper (dorpal) entrance of a temple building. The aim of disclosure of the sculpture is to find out the purpose and function of the depiction of the Gaja-Lakșmī character in the past. Through the process of identifying iconography and literature studies, the purpose and function of the depiction of the Gaja-Lakșmī figure is as a protector of people's welfare. Abstrak, Keberadaan relief tokoh Gaja-Lakșmī di Museum Sonobudoyo merupakan salah satu hal menarik mengingat gambaran ini sangat jarang ditemukan di Indonesia. Tokoh Gaja-Lakșmī tersebut digambarkan dalam posisi duduk yang pada sisi kanan dan kirinya terdapat dua ekor gajah yang mengangkat belalai seolah-olah menuangkan air kepada sang dewi. Tentunya penggambaran tokoh dewi ini memiliki maksud tertentu, terlebih, karena tokoh ini diletakkan di tempat yang diindikasikan sebagai bagian atas (dorpal) pintu masuk suatu bangunan candi. Pengungkapan makna penggambaran ini adalah untuk mengetahui tujuan dan fungsi tokoh Gaja-Lakșmī pada masa Matarām Kuno. Melalui proses identifikasi ikonografi dan kajian pustaka, diperoleh informasi bahwa tujuan dan fungsi penggambaran tokoh Gaja-Lakșmī adalah sebagai pelindung kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Effect of Governance on the Efficiency of the Indonesian Banking Industry
Authors: Indrianti Fransiska Novina Hayu , T. Sutrisno , Saraswati Erwin 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to examine observations and determine the effects of corporate governance on the efficiency of the Indonesian banking sector. The research calculated DEA efficiency and performed logistic regression, with a total sample of 150 observations. Results show that independent commissioners, the educational level of commissioners, the board of commissioners meeting, and the term of office of the commissioners all have a significant impact on improving the efficiency of the banking industry. Conversely, the large number of commissioners as well as the gender differences among them do not have any effect on banking efficiency. These findings indicate that authorities should not focus on the size of the board and the gender differences among the board commissioners in finding ways to increase or decrease a firm’s efficiency. The results of this study can contribute to academic research through agency theory and resource dependence theory as well as provide insights that can be used by practitioners.
Keywords: Governance; banking efficiency; DEA
Aplikasi Penjualan Tiket Kelas Pelatihan Berbasis Mobile menggunakan Flutter
Authors: Enggar Krisnada Filian , Tanone Radius 
Published: February 2020

Abstract — Pincher is an online platform that is useful for assisting in finding and registering for training classes aimed at facilitating users who want to find their identity and channel their talents and inspirations creatively. This pincher application provides information and distributes training classes by selling class tickets. In its development as an online platform, Pincher still uses the website as a means of distributing training classes owned by Pincher, so this tool is less effective and efficient for users because the Pincher website is too complicated to access using a mobile phone or smartphone. Therefore, to help users access the Pincher application using their mobile phones, Pincher applications are made in a simple form that is applied to mobile applications. In addition, Pincher also does not have a feature that can make it easier for customers to determine the class to be chosen. Therefore this mobile application will be equipped with a system that can make it easier for users to choose attractive classes for customers, namely with a recommendation system.

Keywords— Ticket Selling Application, Flutter, Mobile Application, Recommendation System.
IMPLEMENTASI BALANCE SCORECARD DALAM DASHBOARD KINERJA SUPPLIER. STUDI KASUS: ONLINE TRAVEL AGENT
Authors: Ibrahim Niko , Christian Andre 
Published: February 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengembangkan dashboard kinerja supplier untuk kebutuhan online travel agent (OTA). Dashboard kinerja adalah aplikasi sistem informasi yang menyajikan tampilan visual dari informasi penting, yang diperlukan untuk mencapai satu atau beberapa tujuan, dengan mengkonsolidasikan dan mengatur informasi dalam satu layar (single screen), sehingga kinerja organisasi dapat dimonitor dalam sekali waktu. Klikhotel.com sebagai sebuah perusahaan online travel agent yang memiliki lebih dari 2000 supplier membutuhkan dashboard kinerja supplier berdasarkan metode balanced scorecard untuk memudahkan analisa kinerja supplier secara cepat dan akurat. Target diharapkan adalah dashboard bisa menggerakkan semua personil perusahaan untuk bekerja secara sinergis mencapai target perusahaan. Selain itu, sistem ini juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepuasan supplier, sebagai partner penting dari OTA.