bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear degradation model of HPAM solutions for the design of regulator valves in polymer flooding EOR
Authors: Díaz F. A. , Torné J. P. , Prada A. , Perez G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery is increasingly in demand in countries such as Colombia, where ECOPETROL has taken major steps in applying this technique to revitalize mature oil fields. The purpose of injecting polymer into reservoirs is to increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase to enhance the mobility ratio. Several aspects can affect and weaken the performance of a polymer flooding operation, however, most of them can be controlled. One of the most important factors is the degradation of the polymer by shear, which causes a reduction in the aqueous phase viscosity. This study was based on work related to the degradation of HPAM solutions induced by the use of regulator valves to control flow and pressure in multiple zones in the same well or multiple wells connected to the same pump. Several tests were completed in a facility designed and prepared to perform regulator valves testing. The results obtained during the initial phase of the testing were compared to computational fluid dynamics simulations, obtaining a shear degradation model which can be used to optimize the design of regulator valves or any other flow control device.
Lattice–Boltzmann simulations for complex geometries on high-performance computers
Authors: Lintermann Andreas , Schröder Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComplex geometries pose multiple challenges to the field of computational fluid dynamics. Grid generation for intricate objects is often difficult and requires accurate and scalable geometrical methods to generate meshes for large-scale computations. Such simulations, furthermore, presume optimized scalability on high-performance computers to solve high-dimensional physical problems in an adequate time. Accurate boundary treatment for complex shapes is another issue and influences parallel load-balance. In addition, large serial geometries prevent efficient computations due to their increased memory footprint, which leads to reduced memory availability for computations. In this paper, a framework is presented that is able to address the aforementioned problems. Hierarchical Cartesian boundary-refined meshes for complex geometries are obtained by a massively parallel grid generator. In this process, the geometry is parallelized for efficient computation. Simulations on large-scale meshes are performed by a high-scaling lattice–Boltzmann method using the second-order accurate interpolated bounce-back boundary conditions for no-slip walls. The method employs Hilbert decompositioning for parallel distribution and is hybrid MPI/OpenMP parallelized. The parallel geometry allows to speed up the pre-processing of the solver and massively reduces the local memory footprint. The efficiency of the computational framework, the application of which to, e.g., subsonic aerodynamic problems is straightforward, is shown by simulating clearly different flow problems such as the flow in the human airways, in gas diffusion layers of fuel cells, and around an airplane landing gear configuration.
Associations among attitudes towards motherhood, pet-keeping, and postpartum depression symptoms
Authors: Temesi Andrea , Bunford Nóra , Miklósi Ádám 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCertain companion animals’ relationship to humans is analogous to child–parent attachment. Further, pet-keeping is associated with less physical and psychological health problems and animal-assisted interventions ameliorate depressive symptoms. Accordingly, cognitive representations of pet-keeping and parenthood may be related, and pet-keeping may protect against postpartum depression symptoms (PPDS). To test these hypotheses, we examined cognitive representations of pet-keeping and motherhood as well as various cognitive correlates of those in 715 women in an online questionnaire. Results indicate that among women who perceive maternity as a burdensome role, pet ownership is associated with an increased likelihood of having had PPDS. Among women with children, pet owners perceive maternity as more burdensome than non-owners and pet owners with a more positive attitude towards their pets are more likely to find maternity as a burdensome role. These findings suggest a relationship between women’s thoughts regarding pets and motherhood and also that, to some degree, women perceive pets as playing a similar role as children. Importantly, childless women who own a pet perceived motherhood as less difficult; this effect of pet-keeping can be capitalized upon in the treatment of women whose psychological characteristics play a role in their infertility.
CRISPR Screens Identify Essential Cell Growth Mediators in BRAF Inhibitor-Resistant Melanoma
Authors: Li Ziyi , Wang Binbin , Gu Shengqing , Jiang Peng , Sahu Avinash , Chen Chen-Hao , Han Tong , Shi Sailing , Wang Xiaoqing , Traugh Nicole , Liu Hailing , Liu Yin , Wu Qiu , Brown Myles , Xiao Tengfei , Boland Genevieve M. , Shirley Liu X. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase that harbors activating mutations in ∼7% of human malignancies and ∼60% of melanomas. Despite initial clinical responses to BRAF inhibitors, patients frequently develop drug resistance. To identify candidate therapeutic targets for BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma, we conduct CRISPR screens in melanoma cells harboring an activating BRAF mutation that had also acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. To investigate the mechanisms and pathways enabling resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanomas, we integrate expression, ATAC-seq, and CRISPR screen data. We identify the JUN family transcription factors and the ETS family transcription factor ETV5 as key regulators of CDK6, which together enable resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma cells. Our findings reveal genes contributing to resistance to a selective BRAF inhibitor PLX4720, providing new insights into gene regulation in BRAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cells.
Priorities and Preferences of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer for Discussing and Receiving Information About Sexuality and Perception of Self-Report Measures
Authors: Rhoten Bethany A. , Davis Amanda J. , Baraff Breanna N. , Holler Kelly H. , Dietrich Mary S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Head and neck cancer and its treatment can cause impairment in survivors’ sexuality. Previous studies show a need for education and psychological support.

Aim
To examine patients’ priorities and preferences for discussing and receiving information about sexuality and to examine patient perceptions of existing self-report measures used in research.

Methods
This descriptive, cross-sectional, Web-based study recruited adults with a current or previous diagnosis of head and neck cancer. Participants answered questions about their priority and preference for receiving information about sexuality and reviewed 4 self-report measures commonly used in the research of this population.

Results
More than 80% (n = 61) of participants reported that it was important to receive information about sexual issues. Participants chose “at the time of diagnosis” as the most frequent answer for preferred time to receive this information. Half of the participants (n = 35) indicated that they prefer discussing sexual issues with a health-care provider. The most frequent answer for the method of receiving information was through discussions. Participants endorsed 4 themes not addressed by self-report surveys: (i) elicitation of important information, (ii) symptom burden issues, (iii) psychological issues, and (iv) physical barriers.

Clinical Implications
Providers, regardless of specialty, must attempt or facilitate discussions around these issues at various times within the treatment and recovery phases.

Strengths & Limitations
Although limited by sample representation and cross-sectional design, this study addresses an important patient-centered issue that is a critical aspect of quality of life.

Conclusions
Patients prefer to discuss sexual issues in person with their health-care providers at the time of diagnosis. Participants reacted positively to the self-report measures, but they felt that important issues faced by patients with head and neck cancer were not fully addressed.
Psychophysiological Stress Response of Novice Cavers in a Speleology Route
Authors: Tornero-Aguilera José Francisco , Sanchez-Molina Joaquín , Fernández-Elías Valentín E. , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier 
Published: May 2020

Introduction Speleology/Caving is a recreational outdoor activity that has drawn an increasing number of participants in recent years, but there is little information on the physiological and psychological demands of this outdoor activity. This research aimed to analyze the psychophysiological response of novice cavers to a caving route. Methods Modifications in autonomic modulation, ratings of perceived exertion, and perceived stress were evaluated in physically active participants before, during, and after a caving route of 3-h duration. Results Eighteen participants were assessed. We found an anticipatory anxiety response in the participants before starting the route and significant increases in the ratings of perceived exertion, stress perception, autonomous sympathetic modulation as evaluated by heart rate variability while on the route, and sympathetic modulation 30 min after finishing the caving route. Conclusions A speleology route produced an anticipatory anxiety response, an increase in the sympathetic stress response, fatigue symptoms at the autonomic nervous system level, and low perception of stress and effort compared with the autonomic stress response. This information could help to better prepare participants for this demanding event, potentially avoiding accidents and injuries and increasing safety for cavers.
LO51: Emergency department use by pregnant women: a population-based study within a universal healthcare system
Authors: Varner C. , Park A. , Little D. , Ray J. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Emergency Department (ED) utilization during pregnancy may be common, but data specific to universal healthcare systems like Canada are lacking, where pregnancy care is supposed to be standardized. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize ED utilization among all Ontarian women who had a recognized pregnancy, including by trimester and within 42 days after pregnancy, and further stratified by pregnancy outcome. Methods: Utilizing provincial administrative health databases, this retrospective population-based cohort study included all recognized pregnancies in Ontario conceived between April 1, 2002 and March 31, 2017. Peri-pregnancy ED utilization was defined as any ED visit from 0-42 weeks’ gestation, or within 42 days after the end of pregnancy. Modified Poisson regression was used to generate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the outcome of any peri-pregnancy ED utilization in association with maternal characteristics. Results: Peri-pregnancy ED utilization occurred among 1,075,991 of 2,728,236 recognized pregnancies (39.4%), including among 35.8% of livebirths, 47.3% of stillbirths, 73.7% of miscarriages, and 84.8% of threatened abortions. There were 22,802 (0.84%) ectopic pregnancies among all pregnancies in the cohort. ED utilization peaked in the first trimester and in the first week postpartum. A dose-response effect was seen in the number of peri-pregnancy ED visits in relation to certain maternal characteristics. Women residing in rural areas had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.44 (95% CI 3.39 to 3.49) for ≥ 3 ED visits, compared to those in urban areas. Women with 3-5 (OR 1.99 95% CI 1.97-2.01), 5-6 (OR 3.55, 95% CI 3.49 to 3.61), or ≥ 7 (OR 7.59, 95% CI 7.39 to 7.78) pre-pregnancy comorbidities were more likely to have ≥ 3 peri-pregnancy ED visits than those with 0-2 comorbidities. Of all recognized pregnancies in the cohort, only 106,989 (3.9%) had an injury-related ED visit. Conclusion: Peri-pregnancy ED utilization occurs in nearly 40% of pregnancies, notably in the first trimester and immediately postpartum. Efforts are needed to streamline rapid access to ambulatory obstetrical care during these peak periods, when women are vulnerable to either a miscarriage, or a complication after a livebirth.
LO55: Comparison of the age-adjusted D-dimer, clinical probability-adjusted D-dimer, and Wells rule with D-dimer for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis in the emergency department.
Authors: Sharif S. , Kearon C. , Eventov M. , Sneath P. , Li M. , deWit K. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Diagnosing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is of critical importance because of its associated morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing DVT can be challenging in the Emergency Department (ED) due to inconsistent adherence to, and utilization of the Wells rule. Both the age-adjusted and clinical probability adjusted D-dimer have been shown to decrease ultrasound (US) utilization rates. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of the Wells score with D-dimer to the age-adjusted and clinical probability-adjusted D-dimer in Canadian ED patients tested for DVT. Methods: This was a health records review of ED patients investigated for DVT at two EDs over a two-year period. Inclusion criteria were ED physician ordered duplex ultrasonography or D-dimer for investigation of lower limb DVT. Patients under the age of 18 were excluded. DVT was considered to be present during the ED visit if DVT was diagnosed on duplex ultrasonography and was treated for acute DVT, or if the patient was subsequently diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE) or DVT during the next 30 days. Trained researchers extracted anonymized data. The Wells D-dimer, age-adjusted D-dimer, and the clinical probability-adjusted D-dimer rules were applied retrospectively. The rate of duplex ultrasonography imaging and the false negative rate was calculated for each rule. Results: Between April 1st 2013 and March 31st 2015, there were 1,198 patients tested for DVT. Of the low and moderate clinical pretest probability patients (Wells score ≤ 2), only 436 had a D-Dimer test and were eligible for our analysis. The average age of the patients was 59, 56% were female, and 4% had a malignancy. 207/436 patients (47.4%, 95%CI 42.8-52.2%) would have had US imaging for DVT if the age-adjusted D-dimer rule was used. 214/436 patients (49.1%, 95%CI 44.4-53.8%) would have had imaging for DVT if the clinical probability-adjusted D-dimer was used. If the Wells rule was used with the standard D-dimer cutoff of 500, 241/436 patients (55.2%, 95%CI 50.6-59.9%) would have had imaging for DVT. The false-negative rate for the Wells rule was 1.5% (95%CI 0.5-4.4%). The false-negative rate for the age-adjusted D-dimer rule was 1.3% (95%CI 0.4-3.8%). The false-negative rate for the clinical-probability adjusted D-Dimer was 1.8% (95%CI 0.7-4.5%). Conclusion: In comparison with the approach of the Wells score and D-dimer, both the age-adjusted and clinical probability-adjusted D-dimer diagnostic strategies could reduce the proportion of patients who require US imaging.
LO67: Alcohol-related emergency department visits by youth aged 12-24: demographics and resource utilization at Kingston Health Sciences Centre
Authors: Murray H. , Erlikhman L. , Graham T. , Walker M. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Recent evidence shows an increase in alcohol-related emergency department (ED) visits among youth. We sought to quantify the impact of ED visits (type and frequency, patient characteristics and resource use) related to alcohol in our centre. Methods: This was a chart review of patients aged 12-24 with alcohol-related ED visits between Sept 2013-Aug 2017. The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) database was searched for visits alcohol related ICD-10 codes. The Canadian Hospital Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) database was also searched using the keyword alcohol. Duplicate visits were removed. Visits were excluded if patients had a history of psychosis, were held in the ED for psychiatric assessment, were homeless, were inmates from a correctional institute, if alcohol use was not mentioned and for complaints of sexual assault/intimate partner violence. Data was abstracted by two reviewers using a standard form with predetermined variables. Differences were resolved with third party adjudication. Interrater reliability of the reviewers was assessed with Kappa scores through duplicate review of 10% of randomly selected charts. A further 10% were assessed by a 3rd reviewer for extraction accuracy. Results: 3,256 ED visits were identified with 777 removed via predefined exclusion criteria. 2,479 visits were reviewed with a male predominance (54.3%). More than half of all patients (50.9%) arrived via ambulance. Assigned CTAS levels were Resuscitation: 1% Emergent: 9.9% Urgent: 48.2% Less Urgent: 35.7% Non-Urgent: 4.2% (missing 1%). The median LOS was 2.9 hrs (IQR 1.8-4.6). All visits were subclassified into mutually exclusive categories: injury (51.8%), acute intoxication (45.1%) and mental health issue (3.2%). Males were more likely to present with injury (62.4% vs 42.6%, p < 0.01). Females were more likely to present with acute intoxication (53.3% vs 46.7%, p <0.01) and mental health issues (59.5% vs 40.5%, P = 0.01). ED resource use was notable: 483 (19.4%) had imaging tests and 1216 (49.1%) had some medical intervention (blood test, fluids or medication). 57 (2.3%) patients were admitted and there was one death from an alcohol related MVC. Conclusion: Alcohol-related ED visits by youth are common in our centre and utilize substantial prehospital and in-hospital resources. Identification of effective harm reduction strategies should be a research priority.
LO89: Describing the evolution of post-concussion symptoms after sports-related mTBI
Authors: Beauchamp F. , Boucher V. , Neveu X. , Ouellet V. , Archambault P. , Berthelot S. , Chauny J. , de Guise E. , Émond M. , Frenette J. , Lang E. , Lee J. , Mercier É. , Moore L. , Ouellet M. , Perry J. , Le Sage N. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a serious public health issue and as much as one third of mTBI patients could be affected by persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) three months after their injury. Even though a significant proportion of all mTBIs are sports-related (SR), little is known on the recovery process of SR mTBI patients and the potential differences between SR mTBI and patients who suffered non-sports-related mTBI. The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of PPCS among patients who sustained a SR mTBI compared to those who sustained non sport-related mTBI. Methods: This Canadian multicenter prospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 14 who had a documented mTBI that occurred within 24 hours of Emergency Department (ED) visit, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13-15. Patients who were hospitalized following their ED visit or unable to consent were excluded. Clinical and sociodemographic information was collected during the initial ED visit. Three follow-up phone interviews were conducted by a research nurse at 7, 30 and 90 days post-injury to assess symptom evolution using the validated Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). Adjusted risk ratios (RR) were calculated to demonstrate the impact of the mechanism of injury (sports vs non-sports) on the presence and severity of PPCS. Results: A total of 1676 mTBI patients were included, 358 (21.4%) of which sustained a SR mTBI. At 90 days post-injury, patients who suffered a SR mTBI seemed to be significantly less affected by fatigue (RR: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50-0.97)) and irritability (RR: 0.60 (95% CI: 0.38-0.94)). However, no difference was observed between the two groups regarding each other symptom evaluated in the RPQ. Moreover, the proportion of patients with three symptoms or more, a score ≥21 on the RPQ and those who did return to their normal activities were also comparable. Conclusion: Although persistent post-concussion symptoms are slightly different depending on the mechanism of trauma, our results show that patients who sustained SR-mTBI could be at lower risk of experiencing some types of symptoms 90 days post-injury, in particular, fatigue and irritability.
LO90: Predictors of post-concussion syndrome in adults with acute mild traumatic brain injury presenting to the emergency department: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Varner C. , Thompson C. , de Wit K. , Borgundvaag B. , Houston R. , McLeod S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The emergency department (ED) is the first point of health care contact for most head injured patients. Although early and spontaneous resolution occurs in most patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), between 15-30% develop post-concussion syndrome (PCS). To date, clinical prediction tools do not yet exist to accurately identify adult MTBI patients at risk of PCS. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of PCS within 30 days in adults with acute MTBI presenting to the ED. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial conducted in three Canadian EDs evaluating prescribed light exercise compared to standard care. Adult (18-64 years) patients with a MTBI sustained within the preceding 48 hours were eligible for enrollment. Participants completed follow-up questionnaires at 7, 14, and 30 days. The primary outcome was the presence of PCS at 30 days, defined as the presence of ≥ 3 symptoms on the Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) at 30 days. Backward, stepwise, multivariable logistic regression with a removal criterion probability of 0.05 was conducted to determine predictor variables independently associated with PCS at 30 days. Likelihood ratio tests were used to determine appropriate inclusion of variables in the multivariable model. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 367 patients were enrolled, 18 (4.9%) withdrew, and 108 (29.4%) were lost to follow-up. Median (IQR) age was 32 (25 to 48) years, and 201 (57.6%) were female. Of the 241 patients who completed follow-up, 49 (20.3%) had PCS at 30 days. Headache at ED presentation (OR = 6.59; 95% CI: 1.31 to 33.11), being under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of injury (OR = 4.42; 95% CI: 1.31 to 14.88), the injury occurring via bike or motor vehicle collision (OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.39 to 6.40), history of anxiety or depression (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.23 to 5.03), and the sensation of numbness or tingling at ED presentation (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.04 to 4.88), were independently associated with PCS at 30 days. Conclusion: Five variables were found to be significant predictors of PCS. Although MTBI is a self-limited condition in the majority of patients, patients with these risk factors should be considered high risk and flagged for early follow-up. There continues to be an urgent need for a clinical prognostic tool that accurately identifies adult patients at risk for PCS early in their injury.