bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Punching shear behavior of rubberized concrete slab
Authors: Safiee Nor Azizi , Alosta Moad Mohamed , Mohd Nasir Noor Azline , Bakar Nabilah Abu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Punching shear of flat slabs made from normal concrete is a local, brittle failure that may occur before the ductile flexural failure. Since the concrete technology introduced alternative materials into concrete to promote the sustainability by using recycle material such as agriculture waste and industrial by product, the quality of this concrete need to be investigate further in all aspect. Therefore, this study is initiated to investigate the performance of concrete containing rubber to be used as structural element. This study is investigated the behavior of rubberized concrete flat slab subjected to the punching load. The effect of rubberized concrete and different slab thickness to the punching shear strength is main consideration in this investigation. The study is started by evaluating the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength. In comparison to normal concrete, the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete shown a reduction in compressive strength and increase in flexural strengths and split tensile strength. The performance of rubberized flat slab is observed in term of punching shear strength, critical perimeter and displacement by using experimental approach. Punching shear strength and development of crack within critical perimeter are observed during experimental test. Punching shear strength produced by experiment test is compared to values obtained by established equations from EC2 and ACI 813. From this comparison, it is indicated that the equations are over predicted the punching shear strength in the range of 12 – 72 %. Rubberized concrete slab exhibited ductile failure and underwent significant displacement before reaching punching fracture. Critical perimeter produced by rubberized concrete slab also extended more than produced in the normal concrete in the range of 34 - 75%. The punching shear strength of rubberized concrete slab also exhibited a significant reduction in punching shear resistance compared to normal concrete for the similar slab thickness. As conclusion, the rubberized concrete produced better critical perimeter at the lower punching shear resistance.
Seismic vulnerability assessment in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Authors: Jainih V , Harith N S H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sabah has witnessed an increasingly low to moderate number of seismic activities throughout the years due to active Mensaban and Lobou-Lobou faults lines. Vulnerability level of older buildings in Sabah, designed and built on the basis of older codes of practice poses a significant threat to life safety and structural capacities of the existing buildings. This paper presents a framework of preliminary seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings in Kota Kinabalu. Building stocks include major government buildings and facilities, residential, educational, institutional, business as well as public buildings. The objective of this study is to evaluate and determine the vulnerability of existing buildings in seven major areas near Kota Kinabalu district using Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) scoring method based on FEMA154 (2002). The rapid visual score indicates that from the total two-hundredth-fifty (250) buildings assessed, (60.4%) are categorized as unsafe buildings and are strongly recommended for further evaluation and detailed analysis whereby modelling of structure is necessary.
Assessment on the performance of flat slab under service load and ultimate load using ABAQUS
Authors: Salehuddin S , Zaini S S , Nik Azizan N Z , Rahim N L , Mohamad Ibrahim N , Abdul Rahim M , Mamat Ghani A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The research carried out to study on the performance of the flat slab under the design load. The design loads consist of service load, 14.68 kN/m2 and the ultimate load, 21.31 kN/m2. The justification on the design load was from the car park. The Three-Dimensional (3D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) were conducted to investigate their failures modes with the appropriate modelling of element, mesh and concrete parameter. The size of flat slab was 1200 mm x 1200 mm x 175 mm while the material parameters were the Grade 25 for concrete and S275 for steel. It is found that the improvements more than 20% to the strength of model flat slab with shear reinforcement. Another outcome of the study indicated that the punching shear location using the FEA was less than 250 mm from column perimeter which is within the two times the depth (2d) from column face as proposed by the Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures.
Economic feasibility of smart city power generation from biogas produced by food waste in Malaysia via techno-economic analysis
Authors: Hanif M , Hesam N M , Akhiar A , Fazril I , Zamri M F M A , Shamsuddin A H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Malaysia is one of the fastest growing country towards modernization and technological advancement. The country population increased along with that with estimated population of 32.45 million in 2019 with annual growth rate of 1.6%. Rapid industrialization and urbanization lead to adverse effect on the environment from the increasing of waste generated. It is projected that Malaysia is expected to generate 49,670 tons of waste per day with annual increment of 5.19%. Current method of waste management is being dumped daily in unsanitary landfill. In Malaysia, 50% of waste generated is organic waste where disposal in landfill will generate methane gas emission. Total of 310,220 tons of methane gas was generated in peninsular in year 2010 and projected to reach 370,000 tons in 2020, an increase of 19.3% in 10 years. The government has planned to phase out landfills as waste-management method and to substitute with more energy efficient and environmental friendly method such as waste-to-energy and bio-digestion. To realize the government plan, economic analysis will be conducted on biogas production for electricity generation to be utilized in Malaysia smart city where one of the main criteria is sustainability and environmental friendly. This paper will give insight on economic feasibility of biogas production from municipal food waste for electricity generation to be utilized in existing and new township. This will include the estimation of capital cost required, unit production cost and payback period.
Biogas as alternative SOFC fuel: Research and implementation
Authors: Arifin N A , Steinberger-Wilckens R , Shamsuddin A H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With the current environment situation and the inclining demand of energy globally, SOFC fits as the perfect solution with up to 90% efficiency and ultra-low emission. Adaptation of this advanced green technology with biogas is still limited despite of the availability of the fuel. The main aim of this paper is to bring into attention the possibility of this technology implementation in agriculture-based country utilising the readily available biogas and as reliable renewable energy option. This paper briefly reports on the possible reaction in the SOFC fuelled by biogas compared to the operation with hydrogen, the material suitability and modification to tolerate biogas fuel; and finally, the demonstration of biogas fuelled SOFC with brief review on economic studies. This paper concludes that SOFC fuelled by biogas is technology and economically feasible with payback period as short as 7.7 years when paired with micro gas turbine.
The effect of chemical treatments on tensile strength and absorption ability of epoxy/natural fibers composites
Authors: Ahad N A , Mohamad Rosdi M H H , Yaacob N , Che Fauzi N H N , Zakaria S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Natural cellulose from agricultural waste, fruit skin, stalks, and so on is considered as recyclable and may have some potential as oil and water absorbent. Besides it is readily available and environmentally friendly it also inexpensive because they are waste, non-toxic and biodegradable. However, the natural fibres are hydrophilic in nature, so it tends to absorb water. Chemical treatments can usually overcome this problem. Usually, acid and alkali treatments are very popular among researchers. In this study, we focused on seeing the differences in natural treatment on acidic and alkaline using citric acid (vinegar) and sodium bicarbonate (soda) of certain three types of selected fibres. The 24 hrs treatments were studied on coconut coir, banana stem fiber and sugarcane bagasse. The tensile strength has been investigated and compared. All fibers were observed highest tensile strength after treated with alkali compared to acid. Treatment with alkali is more suitable for natural fiber in order to clean the fiber surface, thus help to get better fiber-matrix interaction. These are the reason of highest in tensile strength. Overall, the absorption of oil and seawater depends on the type of fibre itself. All treated fibers tend to absorb more seawater and alkaline treated fibers absorbed more cooking oil. Treated coconut coir have tendency to absorb both medium than other fibers. The type of treatments, will give an effect on the fibres’ surface, remove the impurities and reduce the hydrophilic properties, so that provide decreasing or increasing of cooking oil and seawater uptake.
Water quality of effluent treatment systems from local batik industries
Authors: Nuzul Zharif , Talib Siti Norlela , Wan Johari Wan Lutfi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Most of the batik premises are still dominated by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Nonetheless, a conventional wastewater treatment unit is very expensive to be owned by them. Therefore, many local batik premises discharge their untreated effluents directly to the river, which can be potentially toxic and post a great threat to the environment. The government has started initiative collaboration with educational institutes to develop an affordable treatment system for batik effluents. For that reason, this study was carried out within three batik premises that were equipped with the treatment systems to evaluate their efficiencies. Each treatment system had a different approach in treating batik effluents: (1) Treatment system A started the treatment with screening (sand filtration), aeration, neutralisation (sulphuric acid), coagulation process, and activated carbon filtration; (2) Treatment system B used a similar treatment method as system A except that no coagulant was applied; and (3) Treatment system C starts with screening, neutralisation (sulphuric acid), two tanks of activated carbon filtration before going through the photodegradation process. Physical parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and colour were measured before and after treatment to determine the effectiveness. The results showed that treatment system C had the highest COD reduction of 91%, followed by treatment systems A and B. Treatment system C also achieved 86% of decolourisation, followed by treatment system A with 82%. Almost all the parameters measured from this study met the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974 (Industrial Effluents) Regulations after the treatment process. The finding from this study should help with the development of any future recommendation and improvement of the treatment system for batik effluent discharges.
Effect of ozonation on COD fractionation of wastewater from poultry processing industry
Authors: Muhammad Ridwan F , Abidin C Z A , Ibrahim A H , Kan S L Eh , Loong J E , Abdul Wahab R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the solubility and biodegradability of wastewater from poultry processing industry. In addition, the wastewater also characterized based on the COD fractionation. The wastewater sample used was collected from Advance Chicken Processing (M) Sdn. Bhd., Perlis, Malaysia. Ozonation process was carried out in a semi–batch glass reactor which has a 2 L volume. The COD fractionation of poultry wastewater indicated that non-biodegradable COD is predominant compare to other fractions. However, the wastewater is containing higher percentage biodegradable COD comprehensively. It is expected that ozonation treatment would transform both particulate and soluble non-biodegradable COD towards biodegradable constituent that easily remove by biodegradation. The removal of COD was significant at ozonation duration up to 5 min. However, COD removal efficiency was only increased slightly with the increased of the ozonation duration after 5 min. This may be due to the fact that ozonation for long time would possibly producing constituent that inhibit ozone dissociation.
The effect of iron doping on ZnO catalyst on dye removal efficiency
Authors: Tzewei T , Ibrahim A H , Abidin C Z A , Ridwan F M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dyes often being use in many manufacturing processes. Hence, the wastewater resulted from the manufacturing process contain colour which need to be removed before being emitted into any water bodies. Photocatalysis is a method which effectively treating wastewater using photocatalyst. ZnO is an example of semiconductor material which is use as a photocatalyst in the treatment method. Doping with transition metals can improve its properties to maximize its photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide doped Fe (ZnO/Fe) photocatalyst for dye removal efficiency were investigated. The photocatalysts were successfully synthesized through sol-gel method and characterized by SEM, FTIR and EDX. The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and ZnO/Fe was studied by degrading methylene blue (MB) under the exposure of 3 hours of sunlight with varies operational condition. Optimal photocatalytic efficiency operating parameters were performed by Design Expert 10 using the Response Surface Method (RSM). ZnO appeared as regular shape compared to ZnO/Fe which most of the particles had clumped together. The removal efficiency of MB was increase when the dosage of catalyst increased. However, once the optimum dosage of catalyst exceeded, the removal efficiency of MB reduced. During the experiment, 30 mg of ZnO was capable to remove 90% of MB from the solution. When while, ZnO/Fe exhibited better result as it could remove up to 95% of MB using only 10 mg of ZnO/Fe during the treatment. It can be concluded that doping the ZnO with Fe could improve the catalytic ability of ZnO to degrade MB in wastewater.
An integrated technique for assessing flow parameters through subsurface drainage module systems
Authors: Abdurrasheed A S , Yusof K W , Takaijudin H , Al-Qadami E H H , Ghani A A , Muhammad M M , Sholagberu A T , Kumar V , Patel S M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Drainage modules are storage units for rainwater harvesting and are used to promote groundwater recharge, storage, quality and quantity control as well as reuse of surface runoff. Different assessment methods were applied in the past to assess the efficiency and performance of subsurface drainage modules including laboratory experiments, field and numerical. However, very few methods had been identified to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to assess the performance numerically. In this paper, CFD was applied to study the flow parameters of Rainsmart modules. Among the findings of this study is that the module used alters the pattern and creates flow resistance with a higher Manning’s roughness coefficient of 0.10 at the US and a lower one of 0.02 at the DS which signifies the effect of the module. The modules pattern had been observed to be the major cause of the variation with the retardation occurring at the blocked parts and the increase across the porous openings. The study, however, recommends the application of numerical techniques to study the effect of the module under different slope and gate opening and closing conditions.
Electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization method applied for tubewell development in Alluvial deposit: A case study in MARDI Seberang Perai
Authors: Ahmad M H , Sheng C C , Chuang T C , Sharu E H , Isa M F Md. , Khadzir M K , Mohd Ghazali M S S , Mhd Bookeri M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Geophysical data through electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP) can be assisted to understanding hydrogeological characteristic of groundwater aquifer. By knowing the difference in electrical resistivity and induced polarization values in alluvium deposition will facilitate to identify any groundwater occurrence. In agriculture sector, shallow tube well will be option to farmers due to more economic. The resistivity measurements proved to be a good tool for mapping the subsurface in the Alluvium, especially when used in combination with Induced Polarization parameters. Alluvial deposits or fluvial deposits are composed of particles of gravel, sand, silt or clay size that are not bound or hardened by permeable mineral, by pressure, or thermal alteration of the grains. Consideration of gravelly deposition is the higher hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, coarse to fine sand are the second higher followed by silt and clay are the lowest values. From the case study, the electrical resistivity tomography of these deposits ranged from 40 to 1000 Ωm, while the values of chargeability were 0 to 20 mS/m. The bottom of the aquifer consisted of a layer with gravelly sandy silt, and the resistivity was 260 Ωm, while the chargeability was 6.5 mS/m. The shallow tube well in quaternary aquifer was constructed at 51 m depth with thickness of aquifer was 24 m to 51 m depth into the ground will consider for groundwater resources. The groundwater discharge from tubewell is 6.53 m3/hr in mixed gravel, sandy and silt.
Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine for Long-Term Runoff Simulation
Authors: Hassan Z , Rosdi S Z , Kamarudzaman A N , Abdul Rahim M , Ghazaly Z M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Simulation of runoff from a river catchment is a very difficult task and it involves a lot of data which need to be considered. However, the modelling is very essential to forecast the patterns of future runoff by observing and analysing previous patterns of runoff, based on the rainfall. This study presents the evaluation of rainfall-runoff modelling for the long-term runoff series using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Both models are trained and validated using the data series of current and nine (9) antecedent rainfall. During the validation, the SVM model is better in the performance as compared the ANN model, with the R and RMSE values are 0.529-0.711 and 14.27-52.55 mm, respectively. However, the SVM model is underestimated for the peak discharge. Both models have the ability to derive the relationship between the inputs and outputs of the rainfall-runoff process.
Correlation between runoff volume and land use changes using SCS-CN method for Sungai Gombak catchment
Authors: Manan E A , Hamzah A F , Hassan A J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research focuses on river modeling using the input precipitation and land use system Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) using InfoWorks RS (IWRS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). The purpose of this study is to measure the volume of runoff based on the year selected for the Sungai Gombak model with changes in land use base. Sungai Gombak is part of the upper basin of the Sungai Klang. The Sungai Klang basin area has undergone significant urbanization, especially upstream in Sungai Batu, Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang. This urbanization is the most significant changes in land use happening within the basin of the lake. For the Sungai Gombak catchment, the transformation of the undeveloped area that lead to Sungai Gombak changing the amount of runoff. Six rainfall stations were selected to model the river and then the average catchment rainfall for each catchment was interpolated using Thiessen method from the available rainfall station. Three rainfall events were chosen based on the flood history reported by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) in the Sungai Gombak. The results indicate that the CN value rises from year to year due to changes in landscape patterns that indirectly influence ecological processes and decrease the stream flow time concentration.
Assessment of indoor air quality of daycare centres in northern area of peninsular Malaysia: A case study in Perlis
Authors: Chinathamby P , Mohamed Noor N , Yusuf S Y , Annas S , Kadir A Abd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) in day care centers (DCCs) is an emerging research topic nowadays. The paper presents both quantitative and qualitative assessment of IAQ in DCCs in Northern Peninsular Malaysia especially at Perlis. Indoor air pollutants such as total volatile organic compound, carbon monoxide, and ozone have been linked to many health effects in babies, toddlers and kids below 4 years old. The aim of this study was to investigate and quantify the exposure level of indoor air contaminants within the chosen DCCs at Perlis and to analyse the survey on the health effects on Indoor Air Quality of DCCs in the District of Perlis, Malaysia. IAQ monitoring was carried out at two DCCs located in different areas of Perlis which are Kangar and Pauh. The selected parameters measured were total volatile organic compound, carbon monoxide and ozone using the Department of Occupational Health and Safety analytical method. Modified validated questionnaires were distributed to parents to obtain their children’s health symptoms. DCC at Kangar was exposed to high air pollutants compared to DCC at Pauh because it may enter their buildings from various adjacent sources as it is situated beside the busy roadside area. Anyway, the selected indoor air pollutants examined at both DCCs are not exceeding the acceptable level of standard guidelines, thereby the kids’ health are not likely to affected by these selected indoor air pollutants.