bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of Gut Symbionts for Improving the Sterile Insect Technique: Quality Parameters of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Genetic Sexing Strain Males After Feeding on Bacteria-Enriched Diets
Authors: Zhang Qiwen , Cai Pumo , Wang Bo , Liu Xuxiang , Lin Jia , Hua Ruohan , Zhang Hehe , Yi Chuandong , Song Xuesen , Ji Qinge , Yang Jianquan , Chen Shi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One environmentally friendly method used to manage Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a key agricultural pest of substantial economic importance, is the sterile insect technique (SIT). Nevertheless, several deficiencies related to this strategy impair the success of the SIT, including the inferior performance of released sterile males compared with wild males, which could be partly solved by the utilization of gut symbionts as probiotic dietary components. In this study, a culture-dependent method was used to isolate and characterize gut-associated bacterial species in adult B. dorsalis genetic sexing strain (GSS) males. In addition, three bacterial isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family, namely, Enterobacter sp., Morganella morganii, and Moellerella wisconsensis, were used as supplements in larval and adult diets to assess their effects on the life-history traits of irradiated males. Consistent with many previous studies, Enterobacter spp. was shown to be beneficial, with some quality control indices, such as adult size, pupal weight, survival rate under stress and nutritionally rich conditions, and mating competitiveness, being significantly increased, while slight nonsignificant increases in emergence rate and flight ability were observed. Conversely, the M. morganii and M. wisconsensis strains both had negative effects on irradiated male fitness and mating competitiveness. Our results, in combination with those of earlier studies, can contribute to improving the effectiveness of SIT application by enhancing the different aspects of augmentative rearing and biological traits of pests under laboratory rearing conditions.
Management of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using Four Commercial Mating Disruption Systems in California Almonds
Authors: Haviland David R , Rijal Jhalendra P , Rill Stephanie M , Higbee Bradley S , Burks Charles S , Gordon Chelsea A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), is the most significant pest of California almonds. Direct feeding on the kernel by the larvae causes reductions in salable crop, crop quality, and exportability. Pheromone mating disruption (MD) targeting navel orangeworm is a relatively new technique with the potential to improve management. In 2017, we used replicated ~16-ha plots to compare the efficacy of four commercial MD systems (CheckMate, Cidetrak, Isomate, and Semios) for their relative impacts on the number of navel orangeworm in monitoring traps and crop quality. From 2017 to 2018, we conducted nine direct comparison studies in 16 to 40 ha almond orchards to compare conventional pest management programs to programs incorporating pheromone MD systems. Across all studies, MD reduced male moth captures in pheromone traps by &gt;94%. In the efficacy study, use of mating disruption led to 35% and 53% reductions in kernel damage in Nonpareil and pollinizer cultivars, respectively, and an average increase in crop value of $370 ha−1. In the direct comparison, kernel damage to Nonpareil and pollinizer cultivars was reduced by 65% and 78%, respectively, resulting in an average increase in crop value of $357 ha−1. Economic analyses showed that increases in crop returns exceeded the costs of implementing MD systems with the break-even point ranging from 0.86 to 1.06% of kernel damage. These results suggest that adding MD to an existing navel orangeworm management program is a cost-effective way to reduce damage while promoting sustainable pest management practices.
Deep neuromuscular paralysis during hip arthroscopic surgery: influence on perineal tissue pressures and hip joint width
Authors: Ledowski Thomas , Lim Tao Shan , Kotov Artur , Hontomin Shaun , Winfield Francis , Heng Yi Ying , Sim Hon Ern 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPudendal nerve injuries are not an uncommon side effect of patient positioning on a traction table, and muscle relaxation has been suggested to mitigate this risk by reducing pressure on the perineum. A total of 40 patients scheduled for hip arthroscopic surgery under general anaesthesia were recruited. After induction of anaesthesia, pressures on the perineum were measured in 20 subjects by means of an ultra-thin pressure sensor mat wrapped around the perineal post. Perineal pressures were assessed after the induction of anaesthesia, after leg traction and after deep muscle relaxation. In 22 subjects, the hip joint width was measured radiographically at the same time points. Pressures on the perineum were high after traction (median maximum pressure 2540 g cm−2). Neuromuscular paralysis reduced perineal pressures only minimally, but significantly (−5 g cm−2; P = 0.007). Traction increased hip joint width significantly [mean 66 (12)%; P = 0.001) and muscle relaxation further increased joint width by a mean of 3.2 (0–20)% (P = 0.001). Muscle relaxation was more beneficial for male patients (joint width increase 6.8% versus 2.8%; P = 0.04), as well as patients in whom traction alone did not achieve sufficient joint width. Muscle relaxation reduced the perineal pressure during hip arthroscopic surgery by only a negligible amount. With regard to joint space, relaxation may be of highest benefit in male patients and/or patients in whom traction alone produces only a relatively small increase in joint width (trial registration: ANZCTR 12617000191392).
Characterizing the Feeding Injury Caused by Phylloscelis rubra (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae) to Cranberries
Authors: Rodriguez-Saona Cesar , Kyryczenko-Roth Vera , Schiffhauer Daniel , Firbas Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to changes in pest management practices, farmers’ reports of severe feeding injury to cranberries, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton Ericales: Ericaceae, caused by the cranberry toad-bug, Phylloscelis rubra Ball, have increased in recent years in New Jersey (United States). Currently, however, limited information is available on the effects of P. rubra feeding or density of individuals needed to cause injury to cranberry vines and fruit. In 2015‒2017, we conducted studies to characterize injury to cranberry at a range of P. rubra densities by using cages in a screen-house and field, to establish a correlation between P. rubra density and crop injury in an open field experiment, and to measure the effects of P. rubra injury on the nutritional content (i.e., amounts of macro- and microelements) of cranberry vines. Phylloscelis rubra feeding on cranberry vines produced typical injury symptoms at relatively low densities (i.e., 2 individuals per vine in field cages or &lt;10 individuals per sweep net sample in open fields), which included discolored (yellowish or reddish) or dead (brown) vines. This vine injury could lead to reductions in fruit mass and total fruit number. However, P. rubra injury to cranberry vines did not alter their nutritional composition. In general, this study highlights the ability of P. rubra to cause substantial injury to cranberry vines even when population densities were relatively low, which could result in declines in fruit production (quality and quantity). Therefore, infestations by P. rubra in cranberries must be considered when making pest management decisions in regions where this insect is present.
A Medieval Epigraphic Corpus and its Retro-Developments (CIFM-CBMA): The Exploratory Research of the Cosme2 Consortium
Authors: Magnani Eliana , Perreaux Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe digital ‘Burgundian Epigraphic Corpus’ is the result of a collaboration between two teams, the Corpus of Inscriptions of Medieval France (CIFM) and the Corpus of Medieval Burgundian Texts (CBMA), as part of the Cosme2 (Consortium Sources Médiévales—linked to TGIR Huma-Num from CNRS—France), dedicated to digital approaches to historical corpora. This article explains how a complex set of documents mixing Latin, Greek, and Old French texts, accompanied by rich metadata, has been processed in order to allow new surveys by humanists. It shows how the corpus is constantly reinvested and how its exploitation, thanks to digital methods, generates new data and metadata that can be reinjected into the corpus and in turn operated, creating a kind of virtuous circle. Three retro-developments are briefly discussed here: (1) semantic web, connectivity, and named entities; (2) geographic information system (GIS) and automated extraction of new metadata; (3) lemmatization and automatic language detection.
Categorical and algebraic aspects of the intuitionistic modal logic IEL― and its predicate extensions
Authors: Rogozin Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The system of intuitionistic modal logic $\textbf{IEL}^{-}$ was proposed by S. Artemov and T. Protopopescu as the intuitionistic version of belief logic (S. Artemov and T. Protopopescu. Intuitionistic epistemic logic. The Review of Symbolic Logic, 9, 266–298, 2016). We construct the modal lambda calculus, which is Curry–Howard isomorphic to $\textbf{IEL}^{-}$ as the type-theoretical representation of applicative computation widely known in functional programming.We also provide a categorical interpretation of this modal lambda calculus considering coalgebras associated with a monoidal functor on a Cartesian closed category. Finally, we study Heyting algebras and locales with corresponding operators. Such operators are used in point-free topology as well. We study complete Kripke–Joyal-style semantics for predicate extensions of $\textbf{IEL}^{-}$ and related logics using Dedekind–MacNeille completions and modal cover systems introduced by Goldblatt (R. Goldblatt. Cover semantics for quantified lax logic. Journal of Logic and Computation, 21, 1035–1063, 2011). The paper extends the conference paper published in the LFCS’20 volume (D. Rogozin. Modal type theory based on the intuitionistic modal logic IEL. In International Symposium on Logical Foundations of Computer Science, pp. 236–248. Springer, 2020).
Primordial black holes from the QCD epoch: linking dark matter, baryogenesis, and anthropic selection
Authors: Carr Bernard , Clesse Sebastien , García-Bellido Juan 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
If primordial black holes (PBHs) formed at the quark-hadron epoch, their mass must be close to the Chandrasekhar limit, this also being the characteristic mass of stars. If they provide the dark matter (DM), the collapse fraction must be of order the cosmological baryon-to-photon ratio ∼10−9, which suggests a scenario in which a baryon asymmetry is produced efficiently in the outgoing shock around each PBH and then propagates to the rest of the Universe. We suggest that the temperature increase in the shock provides the ingredients for hotspot electroweak baryogenesis. This also explains why baryons and DM have comparable densities, the precise ratio depending on the size of the PBH relative to the cosmological horizon at formation. The observed value of the collapse fraction and baryon asymmetry depends on the amplitude of the curvature fluctuations that generate the PBHs and may be explained by an anthropic selection effect associated with the existence of galaxies. We propose a scenario in which the quantum fluctuations of a light stochastic spectator field during inflation generate large curvature fluctuations in some regions, with the stochasticity of this field providing the basis for the required selection. Finally, we identify several observational predictions of our scenario that should be testable within the next few years. In particular, the PBH mass function could extend to sufficiently high masses to explain the black hole coalescences observed by LIGO/Virgo.
Virtues in public health: easing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: del Castillo Fides A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Public health and ethics are commonly regarded as separate concepts. However, this paper argues that public health must be grounded in ethical virtues. The need to carefully integrate ethical practice in public health is a response to ease the negative impact of coronavirus disease 2019 to future generations. Hence, the virtue of compassion is proposed to hurdle the effects of the pandemic.
The Structure of Protest Cycles: Inspiration and Bridging in South Korea’s Democracy Movement
Authors: Chang Paul Y , Lee Kangsan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although the concept of protest cycles has received much attention in the collective action literature, its empirical operationalization remains relatively crude compared to the rich theoretical discussion. Reimagining social movements as populations of interlinked protests, we demonstrate the advantages of analyzing protest event networks with a novel dataset related to South Korea’s democracy movement. In our conceptualization, protest events play the role of network nodes and links were identified based on protesters citing prior events as sources of inspiration for mobilizing. Appropriating strategies for network analysis, we assess the types of events that were more likely to be cited as sources of inspiration and bridge otherwise disconnected events. Our analysis shows that protests that raised systemic versus local issues and events that were repressed by the state were more likely to occupy central positions in the democracy movement. By identifying the characteristics of events that contribute to movement inspiration and bridging, our novel approach to analyzing protest events sheds new light on dominant themes in social movement research.
High and low ambient temperature at night and the prescription of hypnotics
Authors: Min Kyoung-bok , Lee Sohyae , Min Jin-Young 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study investigated the association between ambient nighttime temperature and sleep problems assessed by the prescription dose of sleeping pills in South Korean adults.

Methods
We used the 2002–2015 National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. A total of 711,079 adults who were 20 years old or older were included, wherein 42,858 adults (~6%) had been prescribed hypnotic medications including zolpidem (N05CF02) and triazolam (N05CD05). Ambient temperature data was calculated as the mean highest temperature of nighttime (23:00–07:00) for every month from January to December. We combined the drug-prescribed date with the administrative districts-level daily nighttime temperature between 2002 and 2015.

Results
We found that a non-linear, U-shaped relationship between nighttime temperature and hypnotic medication prescription. With an increase per 1°C temperature or an increase in a square per 1°C, the prescription dose of sleeping pills was significantly increased (both p &lt; 0.05). At each 5°C nighttime temperature, subjects belonging to low (≤0°C and 0–5°C) or high (20–25°C and ≥25°C) temperature categories had significantly higher doses of sleeping pills than those at the reference temperature (10–15°C). Changes in nighttime temperature had a significant non-linear effect on the prescribed dosage of hypnotic medications for both adults (p &lt; 0.0001) and the elderly (p = 0.0006).

Conclusion
We found that either a high or low nighttime temperature was significantly associated with a high daily dose of hypnotic medications in the Korean population.
Learning While Biking for Nursing Students: The Impact of the Built Environment on Health
Authors: McNiel Paula , Koplitz Jodi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The impact of the built environment on health prompted nurse faculty to implement a new physically engaging educational offering. A 10-mile bicycle ride was piloted with two senior-level baccalaureate community clinical nursing students (n = 17). Facilitated discussions with an interdisciplinary panel took place at 10 scheduled stops along the ride, highlighting health, terminology, environmental legislation, and community advocacy. Specific learning outcomes were established and evaluated. Feedback reflected positive student learning. This activity highlights a new approach to meeting core baccalaureate essentials and demonstrates the importance of the nurse’s role as community advocate for healthy built environments.
The COVID-19 Student WorkForce at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai: A Model for Rapid Response in Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Bahethi Rohini R. , Liu Benjamin Y. , Asriel Benjamin , Blum James R. , Huxley-Reicher Zina , Agathis Alexandra Z. , Pathak Shravani , Sainte Willis Michelle , Muller David 
Published: December 2020

Problem
In accordance with guidelines from the Association of American Medical Colleges, medical schools across the United States suspended clerkships and transitioned preclinical courses online in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitals and health systems faced significant burdens during this time, particularly in New York City.

Approach
Third- and fourth-year medical students at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai formed the COVID-19 Student WorkForce to connect students to essential roles in the Mount Sinai Hospital System and support physicians, staff members, researchers, and hospital operations. With the administration’s support, the WorkForce grew to include over 530 medical and graduate students. A methodology was developed for clinical students to receive elective credit for these volunteer activities.

Outcomes
From March 15, 2020, to June 14, 2020, student volunteers recorded 29,602 hours (2,277 hours per week) in 7 different task forces, which operated at 7 different hospitals throughout the health system. Volunteers included students from all years of medical school as well as PhD, master’s, and nursing students. The autonomous structure of the COVID-19 Student WorkForce was unique and contributed to its ability to quickly mobilize students to necessary tasks. The group leaders collaborated with other medical schools in the New York City area, sharing best practices and resources and consulting on a variety of topics.

Next Steps
Going forward, the COVID-19 Student WorkForce will continue to collaborate with student leaders of other institutions and prevent volunteer burnout; transition select initiatives into structured, precepted student roles for clinical education; and maintain a state of readiness in the event of a second surge of COVID-19 infections in the New York City area.
Efficient Detection of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Adults Using Bootstrapped Methods
Authors: Chesnaye Michael Alexander , Bell Steven Lewis , Harte James Michael , Simonsen Lisbeth Birkelund , Visram Anisa Sadru , Stone Michael Anthony , Munro Kevin James , Simpson David Martin 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Statistical detection methods are useful tools for assisting clinicians with cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) detection, and can help improve the overall efficiency and reliability of the test. However, many of these detection methods rely on parametric distributions when evaluating test significance, and thus make various assumptions regarding the electroencephalogram (EEG) data. When these assumptions are violated, reduced test sensitivities and/or increased or decreased false-positive rates can be expected. As an alternative to the parametric approach, test significance can be evaluated using a bootstrap, which does not require some of the aforementioned assumptions. Bootstrapping also permits a large amount of freedom when choosing or designing the statistical test for response detection, as the distributions underlying the test statistic no longer need to be known prior to the test.

Objectives:
To improve the reliability and efficiency of CAEP-related applications by improving the specificity and sensitivity of objective CAEP detection methods.

Design:
The methods included in the assessment were Hotelling’s T2 test, the Fmp, four modified q-sample statistics, and various template-based detection methods (calculated between the ensemble coherent average and some predefined template), including the correlation coefficient, covariance, and dynamic time-warping (DTW). The assessment was carried out using both simulations and a CAEP threshold series collected from 23 adults with normal hearing.

Results:
The most sensitive method was DTW, evaluated using the bootstrap, with maximum increases in test sensitivity (relative to the conventional Hotelling’s T2 test) of up to 30%. An important factor underlying the performance of DTW is that the template adopted for the analysis correlates well with the subjects’ CAEP.

Conclusion:
When subjects’ CAEP morphology is approximately known before the test, then the DTW algorithm provides a highly sensitive method for CAEP detection.
Factors leading to failure of fixation of femoral neck fractures in young adults: a retrospective study among a cohort of Egyptian population
Authors: Fahmy Mahmoud , Ali Ahmed Abdelmohsen Abdelghany , Abdel-Kader Khaled Fawzy M. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Failed internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in young, active adults is a multifactorial problem leading to poor outcome. Although anatomical reduction and stable fixation are essential for operative success, other factors can be associated with high failure rates. The ideal protocol for management is challenging and a continued topic of study. The aim of our study was to detect factors leading to failure of fixation of femoral neck fractures in young adults.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study involved 17 patients with failed femoral neck fracture fixation at Cairo University Hospital. Inclusion criteria were patients from 18 to 60 yr old with all types of femoral neck fractures. Patients data were recorded for demographics, timing of surgery, initial fracture displacement, method of reduction, method of fixation, bone mineral density, and the level of surgeon experience.

Results:
The mean age was 40±10 yr. Accuracy of reduction, junior surgeons, displaced fractures, and poor implant configuration were the main factors associated with failures. In addition, low bone mineral density also was a potential factor for failure. Delayed fixation did not seem to be a significant cause of failure.

Conclusions:
Initial fracture displacement and accuracy of reduction are potential factors for fixation failure of femoral neck fractures. Although dynamic hip screws result in fewer early failures than multiple cannulated screws, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Fixation of femoral neck fractures in young adults should be performed by senior trainees under supervision. We recommend operating when optimal conditions are provided rather than on an emergency basis.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.