bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wellness for the Future: Cultural and Systems‐based Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Sikora Rosanna D. , Manfredi Rita A. , Chung Arlene , Kaplan Jay A. , Tyo Carissa J. , Akhtar Saadia ,   Wellness Consensus Conference Significant Subcommittee Contributors
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe goal of the 2019 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference was to explore the current cultural and systemic issues in emergency medicine that impact the individual well‐being of every emergency physician and to make recommendations for future study. Burnout is epidemic in emergency medicine. Physician wellness is required to enhance patient clinical outcomes as well as to ensure professional satisfaction and longevity. For conference preparation, a consensus steering committee was created, and a decision was made to use the groundbreaking model of the National Academy of Medicine’s “Factors Affecting Clinician Well‐Being and Resilience” to further identify areas of needed study. On May 14, 2019, the Wellness Consensus Conference was attended by over 50 faculty physicians from across the United States. These attendees discussed key concepts and prior research presented by content experts. Groups of participants engaged in crowdsourcing techniques to consolidate ideas derived from those discussions. These consensus concepts were recorded and are presented within this article. A repetitive theme noted at the conference was the overwhelming effect of the system and organization factors on individual physician well‐being. The concept of ongoing assessment of professional fulfillment over the life span of the emergency physician was felt to be crucial in guiding wellness and resilience interventions in a timely manner. Examining ways to enable physicians to flourish rather than experience burnout are strong future directions for study.
Assessing the adherence to guidelines in Lynch syndrome patients: a pilot study
Authors: Goh Li‐Han , Spigelman Allan D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer surveillance is important in the management of Lynch syndrome. In New South Wales, management guidelines for Lynch syndrome are published on the eviQ website. Benefits of cancer surveillance are maximized through adherence to guidelines. This has yet to be investigated in Sydney. Hence, this study aimed to determine the adherence rate of patients to these guidelines, assess their knowledge of the guidelines and determine potential factors hindering regular colonoscopies in these patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among Lynch syndrome patients from the St Vincent's Hospital Cancer Genetics Unit, Sydney. Patients who appropriately fulfilled our inclusion criteria were mailed a questionnaire. The questionnaire was mailed twice to increase the response rate. Demographic and medical information were collected from patient medical records. Patient responses were analysed to determine adherence to the guidelines.ResultsSixty‐two individuals were invited to participate in this study. Among them, 47 responded (76%) with two being excluded, due to potential confounding factors. Thirty (67%) had their colonoscopies at recommended intervals, while 15 (33%) had delays. Within these two groups, many were ultimately deemed non‐adherent to the guidelines due to over‐screening with other tests. In total, 31 (69%) participants were considered over‐screening for cancer, leaving only seven (16%) participants fully adherent to the guidelines. Only three (7%) had knowledge of the eviQ guidelines.ConclusionsAdherence to the eviQ guidelines was poor. The majority of participants were being over‐screened for cancer. Knowledge of the guidelines needs to be improved.
Three types of organizational boundary spanning: Predicting CSR policy extensiveness among global consumer products companies
Authors: Lim Alwyn , Pope Shawn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs part of the rise of a worldwide corporate social responsibility (CSR) movement, companies have increasingly incorporated social and environmental concerns into their policies. This paper examines the extensiveness of these policies, proposing that an underappreciated contributor is the degree of organizational boundary spanning. The paper is novel in integrating multiple types of boundary spanning into a single empirical framework, including product, sub‐unit, and national boundary spanning. The paper adds complexity to the literature by theorizing that different types of boundary spanning associate with CSR policy extensiveness in different issue areas. The results show that product spanning associates with CSR policy extensiveness in the area of consumers, sub‐unit spanning in the areas of workers, and nation‐state spanning in all issue areas. A unique, comprehensive, and global data set of 2,714 prominent consumer goods companies in the GoodGuide database underpins these findings.
Cryonics for all?
Authors: Thau Tena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn fascinating recent work, some philosophers have argued that it would be morally permissible and prudentially rational to sign up for cryonics—if you can afford the price tag of the procedure. In this paper I ask: why not share the elixir of extended life with everyone? Should governments financially support, positively encourage, or even require people to undergo cryonics? From a general principle of beneficence, I construct a formal argument for cryonics promotion policies. I consider the objection that a subset of these policies would violate autonomy, but I argue that—to the contrary—considerations of autonomy weigh in their favour. I then consider objections based on cost and population, but argue that neither is fatal. Finally, I raise the objection that I believe poses the most serious challenge: that those who revive the cryonically preserved might inflict suffering upon them.
Is ugliness a pathology? An ethical critique of the therapeuticalization of cosmetic surgery
Authors: Aquino Yves Saint James 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPathologizing ugliness refers to the framing of unattractive features as a type of disease or deformity. By framing ugliness as pathology, cosmetic procedures are reframed as therapy rather than enhancement, thereby potentially avoiding ethical critiques regularly levelled against cosmetic surgery. As such, the practice of pathologizing ugliness and the ensuing therapeuticalization of cosmetic procedures require an ethical analysis that goes beyond that offered by current enhancement critiques. In this article, I propose using a thick description of the goals of medicine as an ethical framework for evaluating problematic medical practices. I first describe the goals of medicine based on Daniel Callahan's account. I then propose that the goals work best in conjunction with ancillary ethical concepts, namely medical knowledge and skills, standards of practice and medical duties and virtues. Next, I apply the thick description of the goals of medicine in critiquing the practice of framing ugliness as disease. Here, I demonstrate ethical conflicts between aesthetic judgments that underpin the practice of pathologizing ugliness and medical judgments that inform ethical medical practices. In particular, the thick description of the goals of medicine helps reveal ethical conflicts in at least three key domains common to clinical practices, which include (a) disease determination, (b) diagnostic evaluation and (c) establishing clinical indications. My analysis offers a novel way of critiquing the practice of pathologizing ugliness in cosmetic surgery, which tends to be neglected by enhancement critiques.
Engendering moral post‐persons: A novel self‐help strategy
Authors: Crutchfield Parker 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHumans are morally deficient in a variety of ways. Some of these deficiencies threaten the continued existence of our species. For example, we appear to be incapable of responding to climate change in ways that are likely to prevent the consequent suffering. Some people are morally better than others, but we could all be better. The price of not becoming morally better is that when those events that threaten us occur, we will suffer from them. If we can prevent this suffering from occurring, then we ought to do so. That we ought to make ourselves morally better in order to prevent very bad things from happening justifies, according to some, the development and administration of moral enhancement. I address in this paper the idea that moral enhancement could give rise to moral transhumans, or moral post‐persons. Contrary to recent arguments that we shouldn’t engender moral post‐persons, I argue that we should. Roughly, the reasons for this conclusion are that we can expect moral post‐persons to resemble the morally best of us, our moral exemplars. Since moral exemplars promote their interests by promoting the interests of others (or they promote others’ interests at the expense of their own) we can expect moral post‐persons to pursue our interests. Since we should also pursue our own interests, we should bring about moral post‐persons.
Novel Illumina‐based next generation sequencing approach with one‐round amplification provides early and reliable detection of BCR‐ABL1 kinase domain mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Romzova Marianna , Smitalova Dagmar , Tom Nikola , Jurcek Tomas , Culen Martin , Zackova Daniela , Mayer Jiri , Racil Zdenek 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe occurrence of mutations in the BCR‐ABL1 kinase domain (KD) can lead to treatment resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients. Nowadays, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is an alternative method for the detection of kinase domain mutations, compared to routinely used Sanger sequencing, providing a higher sensitivity of mutation detection. However, in the protocols established so far multiple rounds of amplification limit reliable mutation detection to approximately 5% variant allele frequency. Here, we present a simplified, one‐round amplification NGS protocol for the Illumina platform, which offers a robust early detection of BCR‐ABL1 KD mutations with a reliable detection limit of 3% variant allele frequency.
12‐year data on dermatologic cases in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases I: Distribution of different diagnoses and main causes of allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Koskela Kirsi , Pesonen Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin diseases are among the most common occupational diseases, but detailed analyses on their epidemiology, diagnoses, and causes are relatively scarce.ObjectivesTo analyze data on skin disease in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) for (1) different diagnoses and (2) main causes of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).MethodsWe retrieved data on recognized cases with occupational skin disease (OSD) in the FROD from a 12‐year‐period 2005–2016 and used national official labor force data of the year 2012.ResultsWe analyzed a total of 5265 cases, of which 42% had irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), 35% ACD, 11% contact urticaria/protein contact dermatitis (CU/PCD), and 9% skin infections. The incidence rate of OSD in the total labor force was 18.8 cases/100 000 person years. Skin infections concerned mainly scabies in health care personnel. Twenty‐nine per cent of the ACD cases were caused by plastics/resins‐related allergens, mainly epoxy chemicals. Other important causes for ACD were rubber, preservatives, metals, acrylates, and hairdressing chemicals. Cases of occupational ACD due to isothiazolinones reached a peak in 2014.ConclusionOur analysis confirms that epoxy products are gaining importance as causes of OSD and the isothiazolinone contact allergy epidemic has started to wane.
Maximizing research on the adverse effects of child poverty through consensus measures
Authors: Pollak Seth D. , Wolfe Barbara L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA variety of new research approaches are providing new ways to better understand the developmental mechanisms through which poverty affects children's development. However, studies of child poverty often characterize samples using different markers of poverty, making it difficult to contrast and reconcile findings across studies. Ideally, scientists can maximize the benefits of multiple disciplinary approaches if data from different kinds of studies can be directly compared and linked. Here, we suggest that individual studies can increase their potential usefulness by including a small set of common key variables to assess socioeconomic status and family income. These common variables can be used to (a) make direct comparisons between studies and (b) better enable diversity of subjects and aggregation of data regarding many facets of poverty that would be difficult within any single study. If kept brief, these items can be easily balanced with the need for investigators to creatively address the research questions in their specific study designs. To advance this goal, we identify a small set of brief, low‐burden consensus measures that researchers could include in their studies to increase cross‐study data compatibility. These US based measures can be adopted for global contexts.
Cost‐effectiveness of dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bennett Hayley , Tank Amarjeet , Evans Marc , Bergenheim Klas , McEwan Phil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of dapagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, as an adjunct to insulin in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) inadequately controlled by insulin alone in the UK setting.MethodsA cost–utility analysis was conducted to compare dapagliflozin (5 mg or 10 mg) added to insulin versus insulin monotherapy (standard of care) over a lifetime horizon. Treatment efficacy and safety data were obtained from 52‐week results of the DEPICT‐1 and DEPICT‐2 trials and a network meta‐analysis of SGLT2 inhibitors in T1DM. Direct healthcare costs, life‐years, and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) were estimated from a UK payer perspective and discounted at 3.5% annually, using the Cardiff T1DM Model. Sensitivity analyses assessed uncertainty in estimated incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs).ResultsDapagliflozin 5 mg was associated with gains of 0.23 life‐years and 0.42 QALYs, at an additional cost of £4240 per person; corresponding to an ICER of £10 143 versus standard of care. For dapagliflozin 10 mg, incremental life‐years, QALYs and costs were 0.24, 0.49 and £2964, respectively; corresponding to an ICER of £6103 versus standard of care. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, ICER estimates fell below £20 000/QALY in 78% to 90% of simulations. Cost‐effectiveness results were sensitive to changes in baseline patient characteristics and treatment effects on glycated haemoglobin; however, ICERs remained below £20 000.ConclusionsAt cost‐effectiveness thresholds conventionally applied in the UK, dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin appears to be a cost‐effective treatment option for people with T1DM inadequately controlled by insulin alone.
Sodium‐glucose linked transporter‐2 inhibitor renal outcome modification in type 2 diabetes: Evidence from studies in patients with high or low renal risk
Authors: Schernthaner Guntram , Groop Per‐Henrik , Kalra Philip A. , Ronco Claudio , Taal Maarten W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractData from three completed cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs), EMPA‐REG OUTCOME, CANVAS Program and DECLARE‐TIMI 58, add to the evidence supporting the potential renoprotective effects of sodium‐glucose linked transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Despite recommendations in recent guidelines, it is difficult to support a view that definitive evidence for renoprotection exists from these SGLT2 inhibitor CVOT results. To date, the only dedicated trial to report definitive data on the renal impact of SGLT2 inhibition is CREDENCE. Notably, the total number of patient‐relevant renal endpoint events (dialysis, transplant or renal death) observed in CREDENCE was significantly higher than the total for all three CVOTs collectively (183 events/4401 patients vs. 69 events/34 322 patients, respectively), which shows the increased statistical power of CREDENCE for these renal endpoints. Treatment with canagliflozin was associated with a 30% relative risk reduction (RRR) in the primary composite endpoint of end‐stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes and a 34% RRR for the renal‐specific elements of this primary endpoint (P <0.001). Canagliflozin has therefore become the first US‐approved SGLT2 inhibitor to include an indication for RRR, in addition to type 2 diabetes glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk reduction. While confirmatory of the exploratory data from CVOTs, CREDENCE provides the first robust data on the effects of canagliflozin on patient‐relevant renal endpoints. Extrapolation to a conclusion of a SGLT2 inhibitor class effect cannot be made until additional renal trials with other SGLT2 inhibitors are reported.
Partial characterization of the X chromosome of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Steyn Louis , Bierman Anandi , Burger N. Francois V. , Botha Anna‐Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present the first sequencing results after separation of the X chromosome of Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the largest known X chromosome described to date, using flow cytometry. The X chromosome of D. noxia is 0.1824 pg (1C) and an estimated 178.4 Mb (1C) in size. Mapping confirmed that the X chromosome contains 13,799 protein coding genes, but with a slight bias towards GC richness when compared to the complete D. noxia genome.
Fine‐scale seascape genomics of an exploited marine species, the common cockle Cerastoderma edule, using a multimodelling approach
Authors: Coscia Ilaria , Wilmes Sophie B. , Ironside Joseph E. , Goward‐Brown Alice , O’Dea Enda , Malham Shelagh K. , McDevitt Allan D. , Robins Peter E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPopulation dynamics of marine species that are sessile as adults are driven by oceanographic dispersal of larvae from spawning to nursery grounds. This is mediated by life‐history traits such as the timing and frequency of spawning, larval behaviour and duration, and settlement success. Here, we use 1725 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to study the fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in the commercially important cockle species Cerastoderma edule and compare it to environmental variables and current‐mediated larval dispersal within a modelling framework. Hydrodynamic modelling employing the NEMO Atlantic Margin Model (AMM15) was used to simulate larval transport and estimate connectivity between populations during spawning months (April–September), factoring in larval duration and interannual variability of ocean currents. Results at neutral loci reveal the existence of three separate genetic clusters (mean FST = 0.021) within a relatively fine spatial scale in the north‐west Atlantic. Environmental association analysis indicates that oceanographic currents and geographic proximity explain over 20% of the variance observed at neutral loci, while genetic variance (71%) at outlier loci was explained by sea surface temperature extremes. These results fill an important knowledge gap in the management of a commercially important and overexploited species, bringing us closer to understanding the role of larval dispersal in connecting populations at a fine geographic scale.
Separation of Heavy Lanthanoids by Flash Column Chromatography for Precise Determination of Er and Yb Isotope Compositions in Rock Samples
Authors: Yokoyama Tetsuya , Fukai Ryota , Nakahara Masaki 
Published: February 2020

We present a new column chemistry technique for the quantitative separation of heavy lanthanoids by an ultra‐fine‐grained LN resin (20–50 µm) with a specific emphasis on the purification of Er and Yb for their isotopic analysis. To achieve the quantitative separation of Er and Yb within a reasonable timescale, flash column chromatography was applied, where the column was attached to a newly designed vacuum box system, thus accelerating the elution speed by ten times compared with that of the normal column procedure operated by gravity flow. The recovery yields of Er and Yb were confirmed to be approximately 100%, which is important to suppress the effect of the mass‐independent fractionation of the Er and Yb isotopes during chromatography. Additionally, we have developed precise Er and Yb isotope measurements by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) using multistatic and/or dynamic methods. Moreover, in most cases, the Er and Yb isotope compositions of the measured four terrestrial rock samples were indistinguishable from those of the commercially available Er and Yb Alfa Aesar solutions. The new method presented in this work will be useful for future studies on heavy lanthanoids in various geological materials.
Centralised versus outreach models of cystic fibrosis care should be tailored to the needs of the individual patient
Authors: Geake James , Ballard Emma , O'Rourke Peter , Wainwright Claire E. , Reid David W. , Bell Scott C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a common life‐limiting genetic condition. As the disease progresses access to specialist tertiary multi‐disciplinary care services may become necessary. For patients living in regional/remote Australia, accessing such services may be a challenge. Here, we describe long‐term outcomes for CF patients according to their access to specialist CF centre care in childhood.
Is self‐directed mental health recovery relevant for children and young people?
Authors: Naughton Jonine N.L. , Maybery Darryl , Sutton Keith , Basu Soumya , Carroll Matthew 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsumer‐directed, personal recovery‐oriented mental health services are now the focus of mental health policies around the globe. However, there has been minimal debate about how the approach applies to young people. This study sought to address this gap through a Delphi approach, using three rounds of surveys, to gain a convergence of opinion from Australian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) practitioners regarding the relevance of personal recovery for children and adolescents. The findings suggest that concepts of personal recovery are appropriate for a young population. However, parents and carers are integral to the mental health recovery journeys of young people, either directly as guardian/decision‐maker and/or indirectly through the impact of caring for a young person with mental health problems. Further exploration of the relevance and application of personal recovery in the context of young people is warranted, particularly from the perspectives of adolescents, younger children and carers of young people with mental health problems.