bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitalisierung personennaher Dienstleistungen in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe: Entwurf und Evaluation eines Informationssystemdesigns
Authors: Fellmann Michael , Lantow Birger , Simon Gregor 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungPersonenbezogene Dienstleistungen in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe stellen in Deutschland einen erheblichen Anteil der nachgefragten Dienstleistungen sowie einen bedeutenden Wirtschaftszweig dar. Sie zeichnen sich durch die Interaktion verschiedener Individuen innerhalb komplexer sozialer Prozesse aus. Dabei besteht im täglichen Arbeitsalltag die Herausforderung, schwach strukturierte Arbeitsprozesse, informelle Kommunikationsstrukturen sowie Erfahrungswissen so zu integrieren, dass einerseits eine bestmögliche persönliche Unterstützung der Klienten erreicht wird, andererseits individuelle und organisationale Arbeits- und Lernprozesse ermöglicht werden. Trotz der enormen Bedeutung der personenbezogenen Dienstleistungen existiert in diesem Bereich bisher keine adäquate Unterstützung der Arbeit durch dedizierte Informationssysteme, sodass vielfach auf Consumer-IT zurückgegriffen werden muss. Im vorliegenden Beitrag berichten wir daher über den Entwurf und die Evaluation eines branchenspezifischen Informationssystemdesigns zur Unterstützung personennaher Dienstleistungen im Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe. Zunächst werden in diesem Bereich die aus mehreren Quellen gewonnenen und zusammengeführten Anforderungen überblickartig vorgestellt. Auf deren Grundlage wird schließlich die Gestaltung eines Informationssystems vollzogen. Der Systemvorschlag wird anschließend im Hinblick auf die geschaffenen Potenziale von Praktikern bewertet sowie einer kritischen Reflexion unterzogen. Abschließend werden Potenziale für die weitere Forschung vorgestellt.
Migration and the Media: Debating Chinese Migration to Italy, 1992–2012, Gaoheng Zhang (2019)
Authors: Carolan Mary Ann McDonald 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Migration and the Media: Debating Chinese Migration to Italy, 1992–2012, Gaoheng Zhang (2019)
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 296 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-44263-043-7, h/bk, $70.00
Focus 24 - avril 2020
Authors: Cockx Bart , Declercq Koen , Dejemeppe Muriel , Van der Linden Bruno 
Published: July 2020

De COVID crisis heeft een enorme impact op de arbeidsmarkt in België. In vele ondernemingen is de activiteit geheel of gedeeltelijk stilgevallen. Om te vermijden dat ondernemingen massaal failliet zouden gaan of dat ze massaal werknemers ontslagen zouden worden, hebben de federale en regionale overheden substantiële maatregelen genomen om die ondernemingen en hun werknemers op korte termijn te ondersteunen. Deze maatregelen zijn essentieel om de eerste impact van deze crisis te kunnen overbruggen. Niettemin is de budgettaire kost voor de overheid enorm. We mogen de langere termijn niet uit het oog verliezen. De crisis zal niet van korte duur zijn en andere uitdagingen (veroudering van de bevolking, klimaat, enz.) blijven bestaan. Steunmaatregelen kunnen beter gericht, beter afgestemd tussen de verschillende overheden. Werken dient, daar waar mogelijk en nodig, zoveel mogelijk aangemoedigd blijven.
Voor een efficiënte inzet van deze middelen dient:
1. de financiële steun na verloop van tijd beter gericht op bedrijven en burgers die er echt nood aan hebben;2. deeltijds (tele-)werk aangemoedigd. Dit kan door een hogere uitkering voor niet-gewerkte uren te voorzien indien men deeltijds werkt in plaats van niet;3. (tijdelijke) werklozen mogelijkheden geboden, bv. via uitzendwerk, om in de essentiële sectoren (gezondheid, logistiek, voeding) aan de slag te gaan;4. werklozen gestimuleerd om aan (tele-)opleidingen deel te nemen.
Tegelijk krimpt het huidige vacatureaanbod spectaculair en mogen werklozen in de huidige context niet gestraft wanneer ze geen werk vinden. Daarom pleiten we voor
1. een versoepeling van de voorwaarden om recht te hebben op een volledige werkloosheidsuitkering. We stellen voor de periode in te korten die gewerkt moet worden om van een uitkering te genieten;2. een tijdelijke stopzetting van de daling in de tijd van de uitkeringen;3. een tijdelijke stopzetting van de controle van het zoekgedrag van werklozen (zoals dit in Wallonië reeds gebeurt).
Tenslotte benadrukken we het tijdelijke karakter van deze maatregelen. Wanneer de economie opnieuw aantrekt, dienen ze weer opgeheven.
Voor de volledige tekst (in het Frans):https://www.regards-economiques.be/index.php?option=com_reco&view=article&cid=201
Numéro 156 - juillet 2020
Authors: Attanasi Gautier , Bodart Vincent , Courtoy François , Fontenay Sébastien , Lachapelle Nathan , Ounnas Alexandre , Sauvenier Mathieu 
Published: July 2020

L’éclatement de l’épidémie de coronavirus en début d’année a mis brutalement à l’arrêt l’activité économique d’un grand nombre de pays. Le choc économique est particulièrement sévère pour la Belgique, dont l’activité économique devrait enregistrer en première partie de cette année son recul le plus important depuis la seconde guerre mondiale.
A la faveur de la levée des mesures de confinement prises pour enrayer la propagation du virus, l’activité économique a commencé progressivement à reprendre dans de nombreux pays, en ce compris la Belgique et les autres pays européens. Les résultats des dernières enquêtes de conjoncture témoignent de cette reprise. Ainsi, après avoir très lourdement chuté en avril, la confiance des entreprises et des ménages belges a commencé à se redresser en mai, et elle a continué à se raffermir en juin.
La poursuite de la reprise économique en cours durant la seconde partie de l’année et en 2021 dépendra étroitement de l’évolution de la situation sanitaire. Il est ici fait l’hypothèse que, à l’avenir, la propagation du virus pourra être contrôlée sans que cela nécessite l’instauration d’une nouvelle période de confinement généralisé. Sous cette hypothèse, l’activité économique devrait rebondir fortement en seconde partie de cette année, avant de retrouver des rythmes trimestriels de croissance plus conventionnels en 2021.
Malgré la reprise attendue, l’activité économique en Belgique se situerait fin 2021 en dessous du niveau auquel elle se serait située sans la crise. Bien que courte, la récession actuelle devrait laisser des cicatrices profondes, notamment en termes d’emploi et de chômage, qui limiteront les capacités de redémarrage de l’économie.
Selon ce scénario, l’économie belge devrait se contracter de près de 10 % en 2020. Elle afficherait à nouveau une croissance positive en 2021, de 7,5 % en base annuelle.
Malgré la mise en place de dispositifs de chômage temporaire, le choc économique provoqué par la crise épidémique devrait avoir un lourd impact sur la situation du marché du travail.

Résumé des prévisions pour la Belgique
• L’économie belge devrait se contracter de 9,9 % en 2020. Elle retrouverait une croissance positive, de 7,5 %, en 2021.• L’emploi diminuerait, en termes nets, de 106.000 unités en 2020. En 2021, il augmenterait de 32.000 unités.• Le nombre de demandeurs d’emploi augmenterait de 132.800 unités en 2020. En 2021, il diminuerait de 4.700 unités.• L’inflation générale des prix à la consommation s’élèverait à 0,9 % en 2020 et 1,7 % en 2021.• Le déficit budgétaire des administrations publiques atteindrait 11,5 % du PIB en 2020 et 6,6 % en 2021.
A systematic evaluation of stool DNA preparation protocols for colorectal cancer screening via analysis of DNA methylation biomarkers
Authors: Jin Shengnan , Ye Qian , Hong Yanping , Dai Wenqing , Zhang Chengliang , Liu Weihao , Guo Ying , Zhu Dewen , Zhang Zhengzheng , Chen Shiliang , Wang Yourong , Li Dandan , Ma Wen , Yang Zhengquan , Li Jinlei , Zheng Zhihai , Luan Ju , Wu Xiaoli , Jiang Feizhao , Xu Chang , Ding Chunming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using stool samples is now in routine use where tumor DNA methylation analysis for leading markers such as NDRG4 and SDC2 is an integral part of the test. However, processing stool samples for reproducible and efficient extraction of human genomic DNA remains a bottleneck for further research into better biomarkers and assays.

Methods
We systematically evaluated several factors involved in the processing of stool samples and extraction of DNA. These factors include: stool processing (solid and homogenized samples), preparation of DNA from supernatant and pellets, and DNA extraction with column and magnetic beads-based methods. Furthermore, SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation levels were used to evaluate the clinical performance of the optimal protocol.

Results
The yield of total and human genomic DNA (hgDNA) was not reproducible when solid stool scraping is used, possibly due to sampling variations. More reproducible results were obtained from homogenized stool samples. Magnetic beads-based DNA extraction using the supernatant from the homogenized stool was chosen for further analysis due to better reproducibility, higher hgDNA yield, lower non-hgDNA background, and the potential for automation. With this protocol, a combination of SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation signals with a linear regression model achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 81.82 and 93.75%, respectively.

Conclusions
Through the systematic evaluation of different stool processing and DNA extraction methods, we established a reproducible protocol for analyzing tumor DNA methylation markers in stool samples for colorectal cancer screening.
An interpretation on the thermodynamic properties of liquid Pb–Te alloys
Authors: Akasofu Toru , Kusakabe Masanobu , Tamaki Shigeru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe bonding character of liquid lead telluride \text{PbTe} is thermodynamically investigated in detail. Its possibility as an ionic melt composed of cation {\text{Pb}}^{2+} and anion {\text{Te}}^{2-} is not acceptable, by comparing the ionization energy of \text{Pb} atom, electron affinity of \text{Te} atom and the ionic bonding energy due to the cation {\text{Pb}}^{2+} and anion {\text{Te}}^{2-} with the help of structural information. Solid lead telluride PbTe as a narrow band gap semiconductor might yield easily the overlapping of the tail of valence band and that of conduction one. And on melting, it becomes to an ill-conditioned metallic state, which concept is supported by the electrical behaviors of liquid Pb–Te alloys observed by the present authors. As structural information tells us about the partial remain of some sorts of covalent-type mono-dipole and poly-dipole of the molecule \text{PbTe}, all systems are thermodynamically explained in terms of a mixture of these molecules and cations {\text{Pb}}^{4+} and {\text{Te}}^{2+} and a small amount of the conduction electrons are set free from these elements based on the ternary solution model.
Inhibition of vitamin D analog eldecalcitol on hepatoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ye Limin , Zhu Liyi , Wang Jinglin , Li Fei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hepatoma is a serious liver cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Eldecalcitol (ED-71), a vitamin D analog, is extensively used as anti-cancer agent in vitro. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell, SMMC-7721 cell lines were used in this study. Transwell assay, cell apoptosis and cell cycle detection assays were investigated after treatment with ED-71 and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control. Sizes of tumors were measured after ED-71 treatment in a mouse model. E-cadherin and Akt gene expressions were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The results showed that cell invasion and migration were decreased markedly after ED-71 treatment compared to control group. Cell cycle detection showed that the G2 stage was 13.18% and total S-stage was 41.16% in the ED-71 group and G2 stage: 22.88%, total S-stage: 27.34% in the control group. Cell apoptosis rate was promoted in the ED-71 group. Size of the tumors reduced more after the ED-71 treatment than the PBS treatment in mice. ED-71 markedly inhibited the expression of Akt and E-cadherin, either detected by immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR. ED-71 treatment can inhibit the hepatoma agent proliferation by increasing the E-cadherin expression and decreasing Akt expression. Therefore, these findings provide novel evidence that ED-71 can be used as an anti-hepatoma agent.
Surfen, wo die Zitronen blühen. Der deutsche Gardasee-Tourismus im Wandel
Authors: Pagenstecher Cord 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht das Bild der Deutschen vom Gardasee in der Phase der Durchsetzung des Massentourismus in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Der Gardasee war eine der ersten Auslandsdestinationen und ein wichtiges Scharnier zwischen Bildungs- und Badeurlaub, Alpen- und Strandtourismus. Die quellengestützte Analyse des touristischen Blicks auf den „Lago“ nutzt neben historischen Beobachtungsstudien vor allem unterschiedliche visuelle Medien wie Reisekataloge, Ortsprospekte, Reiseführer, Fotoalben und Webseiten. Dabei wird der Wandel von dem an Goethe orientierten romantischen Blick auf die malerische Landschaft zum geselligen Blick, zum Konsumvergnügen des Dolce Vita deutlich. Hinzu kam eine immer stärkere Sportifizierung der Natur durch Surfer, Mountainbiker und Kletterer. Aus dem „anmutigen Garten“ wurde so eine lebhafte „Partymeile“ und eine gut erschlossene „Sportscape“.
Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) characterization and evaluation of antibacterial bioactivities of the essential oils from Piper arboreum Aubl., Piper aduncum L. e Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth
Authors: da Silva Ana Cristina A. , Matias Edinardo F. F. , Rocha Janaína E. , Araújo Ana Carolina Justino de , de Freitas Thiago S. , Campina Fábia F. , Costa Maria do S. , Silva Luiz E. , Amaral Wanderlei do , Maia Beatriz Helena L. N. S. , Ferriani Aurea P. , Bezerra Camila F. , Iriti Marcello , Coutinho Henrique D. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the chemical profile and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Piper species and modulation of the antibiotic activity, using the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The chemical components were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, which revealed β-copaen-4-α-ol (31.38%), spathulenol (25.92%), and germacrene B (21.53%) as major constituents of the essential oils of Piper arboreum, Piper aduncum, and Piper gaudichaudianum, respectively. The essential oils analyzed in this study did not present a clinically relevant activity against standard and multiresistant Escherichia coli. However, in the case of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus, there was a significant activity, corroborating with reports in the literature, where Gram-positive bacteria are more susceptible to antimicrobial activity. The essential oils modulated the effect of the antibiotics norfloxacin and gentamicin, having on the latter greater modulating effect; however, for erythromycin, no statistically significant effect was observed. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the essential oils of the analyzed Piper species present an inhibitory effect against S. aureus and modulate antibiotic activity, most of which presents synergistic activity.
Obligation or Voluntary Disclosure of Medical Confidentiality
Authors: Boratyńska Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The relationship between the patient and medical personnel, related to the satisfying of health needs, is covered by the principle of confidentiality, and the question of possible disclosure requires a statutory basis defined in a strict manner, with the principle of minimisation also imposed by law. The wording of the statutory exceptions does not imply explicitly that the absence of the obligation to maintain secrecy is tantamount to the obligation to disclose it. As a general rule, a doctor is obliged to be discreet, while with regard to exceptions only “the provision does not apply”. The question arises whether and under what circumstances this obligation to disclose exists, and whether it can be legally enforced. There are no clear obligations for the doctor, nor for the amendment of the regulations, allowing the disclosure of medical secrets after the patient’s death with the consent of a close relative, nor the release of secrets by a court in non-contentious proceedings. The place where a doctor released from secrecy should disclose it is only the court conducting a trial in a specific case, when the doctor is summoned as a witness. Medical confidentiality therefore retains its special status, but a change that allows the court to break the patient’s previous objection to it is detrimental to the most personal legal interests of persons who can no longer feel safe with their secrets. It is also a disgrace to doctors who are being urged to break their silence, contrary to fundamental deontological principles. However, the wording of the regulations allows for evasion, dictated by loyalty to the deceased patient who entrusted his/her secrets in the trust that they will be kept even after death.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the femoral and sciatic nerves. A study of healthy volunteers
Authors: Rusu Georgeta Mihaela , Curcean Andra Diana , Dudea Sorin Marian 
Published: July 2020

Background and aims. The study describes the femoral (FN) and sciatic nerves (SN), explored using ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aims of the study are: to establish US / MRI correlations and define reference values: for the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) diameters and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the two nerves respectively, in well-defined anatomical measuring sites; to analyze the intraobserver variation; to define the value with least variability; to determine differences between the right-left and male-female reference values.
Methods. A prospective study was carried out on 24 healthy volunteers (11 men and 13 women). MRI scans were performed using a 1.5T system. To visualize both nerves (FN and SN), a single 3D T2 weighted acquisition was performed, in the coronal plane, with a wide FOV. For ultrasonographic examinations, a Hitachi EUB-8500 ultrasound machine, equipped with a 13 MHz linear transducer was used. The measurements were performed at well-defined anatomical locations. The mean reference values of the AP, ML diameters and CSA were calculated for femoral and sciatic nerves, both on MRI and US. The correlations between the values determined by the two techniques were analyzed. The intra-observer variation was calculated by measuring the nerves at the same anatomical location at two separate time points.
Results. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test indicated a non-significant difference (p> 0.05) for the femoral and sciatic nerves, on both sides, except the femoral nerve ML diameter on MRI (p= 0.014). The mean MRI and US reference values for the femoral nerve were calculated between the psoas and iliac muscles: FNAPMRI 4.533 ± 0.486, FNAPUS 4.800 ± 1.237, FNMLMRI 6.172 ± 1.203, FNMLUS 7.685 ± 3.338, FNCSAMRI 24.811 ± 3.394, FNCSAUS 26.285 ± 17.608. The mean MRI and US measurements for the sciatic nerve were determined under the buttock, at the level of the ischial tuberosity: SNAPMRI 5.500 ± 1.201, SNAPUS 5.975 ± 1.312, SNMLMRI 10.375 ± 2.272, SNMLUS 13.500 ± 1.661, SNCSAMRI 50.625 ± 15.373, SNCSAUS 53.631 ± 15.847. The MRI and US differences between right and left sides, both for the femoral and sciatic nerves were insignificant. In selected cases, Wilcoxon paired test indicated differences between subjects, according to their gender, both on MRI and US.
Conclusion. Reference values for the femoral and sciatic nerves at specific anatomical sites were identified. Side to side variation and gender related differences add to current knowledge on nerve size in young Caucasian population.
Mortality in US Hemodialysis Patients Following Exposure to Wildfire Smoke
Authors: Xi Yuzhi , Kshirsagar Abhijit V. , Wade Timothy J. , Richardson David B. , Brookhart M. Alan , Wyatt Lauren , Rappold Ana G. 
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement
Wildfires generate high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which are linked to increased morbidity and mortality. When inhaled, PM2.5 can travel into the respiratory tract and trigger oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Because of their frailty, patients with ESKD might be especially susceptible to this environmental stressor, but little is known about the effects of air pollution exposures in this population. In a retrospective cohort analysis, the authors found a 4% increase in daily mortality per 10-μg/m3 increase in wildfire PM2.5 and a 7% increase in mortality over 30 days after exposure. On days with wildfire PM2.5 >10 μg/m3, fires accounted for 8.4% of daily mortality. The findings highlight an immediate and persistent effect of wildfire smoke on mortality among individuals receiving hemodialysis.

Background
Wildfires are increasingly a significant source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which has been linked to adverse health effects and increased mortality. ESKD patients are potentially susceptible to this environmental stressor.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective time-series analysis of the association between daily exposure to wildfire PM2.5 and mortality in 253 counties near a major wildfire between 2008 and 2012. Using quasi-Poisson regression models, we estimated rate ratios (RRs) for all-cause mortality on the day of exposure and up to 30 days following exposure, adjusted for background PM2.5, day of week, seasonality, and heat. We stratified the analysis by causes of death (cardiac, vascular, infectious, or other) and place of death (clinical or nonclinical setting) for differential PM2.5 exposure and outcome classification.

Results
We found 48,454 deaths matched to the 253 counties. A 10-μg/m3 increase in wildfire PM2.5 associated with a 4% increase in all-cause mortality on the same day (RR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01 to 1.07) and 7% increase cumulatively over 30 days following exposure (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.12). Risk was elevated following exposure for deaths occurring in nonclinical settings (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.12), suggesting modification of exposure by place of death. “Other” deaths (those not attributed to cardiac, vascular, or infectious causes) accounted for the largest portion of deaths and had a strong same-day effect (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.12) and cumulative effect over the 30-day period. On days with a wildfire PM2.5 contribution >10 μg/m3, exposure accounted for 8.4% of mortality.

Conclusions
Wildfire smoke exposure was positively associated with all-cause mortality among patients receiving in-center hemodialysis.