bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients over 28 years
Authors: Garelick Daniela , Pinto Sara Moreira , Farinha Filipa , Pires Tatiana , Khan Emon , Isenberg David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic glucocorticoid use is complicated by osteoporosis and increases the risk of fragility fractures. EULAR guidelines on SLE management recommend reducing chronic glucocorticoid dosage to ≤7.5 mg/day to minimize this risk. We examined the relationship of glucocorticoid dose to fragility fracture risk in a cohort of SLE patients.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of SLE patients attending University College Hospital over 28 years was undertaken. Collected data included consecutive steroid dose, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and fragility fractures.

Results
We collected data on 250 patients with a median of 17 years’ follow-up. Fragility fractures were diagnosed in 28 (11.2%) patients and the mean ± s.d. age of first fracture was 51 ± 16 years. A total of 94% received glucocorticoids, the average dose being 6.20 mg/day. Patients with fragility fractures had a lower average daily dose (5.36 vs 6.23 mg/day) but a higher median cumulative dose (25.19 vs 20.96 g). These differences were not significant (P = 0.127 and 0.229, respectively). Some 93% of patients received vitamin D, and 85% received calcium. Cox regression analysis showed older age at SLE diagnosis, osteoporosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism were associated with fragility fractures. Glucocorticoid dose was not significantly associated with the occurrence of fragility fractures. Twenty-two patients with fractures were treated with bisphosphonates, two with denosumab and two with teriparatide.

Conclusions
We found no significant association between glucocorticoid treatment and fragility fractures in our group of patients; however, a prospective study including more patients not treated with CS would be necessary to confirm these results.
Influence and evaluation of saturated soil shield construction on existing highway
Authors: Xu Liuqi , Wu Chongfu , Wang Liwei , Xu Shuangjun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to study the shield construction under an existing highway, the initial displacement and the excess pore water pressure solution from Biot consolidation equation were used to derive the analytical solutions of the vertical deformation and pore water pressure of saturated soil caused by the frontal friction and side friction of the cutterhead. In addition, by introducing the layered method and combining it with other theoretical analytical equations, the expressions of total vertical deformation and total pore water pressure caused by tunnel excavation with different overlying materials were obtained. The simulation results on an engineering project showed that the angle α between the direction of the road and the propulsion axis of the shield had a significant influence on the surface settlement of the road. When the angle α was increased, the settlement curve had higher variation; but the variation would not exceed the maximum settlement value above the shield axis. When the road was perpendicular to the shield axis, a critical point of the road bulging and settlement was formed above the incision. Due to the grinding resistance of the cutterhead, the pore water pressure under the roadbed was distributed asymmetrically on both sides of the shield axis.
Interrelationships of Polydolopidae (Mammalia: Marsupialia) from South America and Antarctica
Authors: Chornogubsky Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolydolopidae is a family of Palaeogene marsupials recorded from outcrops in southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. They are mostly represented by skull fragments or maxillary, dentary and molar remains. A taxonomic and systematic revision is carried out with the inclusion of a phylogenetic analysis encompassing almost every polydolopid species and five marsupial species found to be related to them in previous analyses (Bonapartherium hinakusijum, Epidolops ameghinoi, Microbiotherium tehuelchum, Prepidolops didelphoides and Roberthoffstetteria nationalgeographica). The Polydolopidae was recovered as a monophyletic group, even though no resolution about its sister-group can be found. The following genera are recovered: Antarctodolops, Amphidolops, Archaeodolops, Eudolops, Hypodolops gen. nov., Kramadolops, Pliodolops, Pseudolops and two unidentified genera (Gen. et sp. indet 1 and 2). One genus and three new species are recognized. The family appeared at the beginning of the Palaeocene and disappeared during the Early Oligocene. The extinction of the group could be related to climatic deterioration in the Early Oligocene, when temperature and the humidity dropped, provoking desertification in the region where Polydolopids evolved.
Role and In Vivo Localization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae and Bacillus subtilis in an Integrated Striga hermonthica Biocontrol System
Authors: Anteyi Williams Oyifioda , Rasche Frank 
Published: October 2020

To improve the efficiency of Striga hermonthica biological control in the context of an integrated biocontrol system, the role/impact of coinoculating the mycoherbicide Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (Fos) with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Bacillus subtilis isolate GB03, on S. hermonthica attachment and sorghum biomass was investigated. Fos isolates (Foxy-2, FK3) and GB03, including Trichoderma viride (IMB12098 strain) as reference, were applied as single and combined treatments to S. hermonthica-infested rhizoboxes with sorghum as the host crop. In vivo localization/interaction of Fos and GB03 in S. hermonthica was monitored by fluorescent gene expression of transformed Fos and transformed GB03. Combined treatments of FK3 + GB03 and Foxy-2 + GB03 increased sorghum aboveground dry biomass (P < 0.05), but not IMB12098 + GB03. None of the combined treatments suppressed S. hermonthica attachment. Single treatments of FK3 and GB03 increased sorghum aboveground dry biomass (P < 0.05), but Foxy-2 and IMB12098 did not. Only FK3, of all single treatments, suppressed S. hermonthica attachment (P < 0.05). GB03 promoted sorghum yield when applied alone or combined with Fos (P < 0.05). Fos penetration of S. hermonthica through trichome entry was revealed. Although Fos, either as sporal (conidia) or vegetative form (mycelium), co-occupied common ecological niches with GB03 (they colocalize) in diseased S. hermonthica shoots, mainly in flavonoid-rich regions. Nevertheless, GB03 thwarted Fos suppressive activity against S. hermonthica attachment. In the given setup, coinoculation of Fos with GB03 presented no added advantage in suppressing the incidence of the sampled S. hermonthica. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Twenty-two Years of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Firearm Injuries: Adverse Outcomes for the Very Young
Authors: Boschert Emily N. , Stubblefield Connor E. , Reid Kimberly J. , Schwend Richard M. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Firearm injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for children in the United States. The purpose of this study is to investigate the 22-year experience of pediatric firearm-related musculoskeletal injuries at a major pediatric level 1 hospital and to analyze the risk of adverse outcomes in children under 10 years of age.

Methods:
An institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on pediatric firearm-related musculoskeletal injuries at our institution from 1995 to 2017. A total of 189 children aged 0 to 18 years were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision/10th Revision codes, focusing on musculoskeletal injuries by firearms. Exclusion criteria were primary treatment at an outside hospital, isolated nonmusculoskeletal injuries (eg, traumatic brain injury), and death before orthopaedic intervention. Two cohorts were included: age below 10 years and age 10 years and above. Primary outcome measure was a serious adverse outcome (death, growth disturbance, amputation, or impairment). Standard statistical analysis was used for demographic data, along with linear mixed models and multivariable logistic regression for adverse outcome.

Results:
Of the 189 children, 46 (24.3%) were below 10 years of age and 143 (75.7%) were 10 years and above. Fifty-two (27.5%) of the total group had an adverse outcome, with 19 (41.3%) aged below 10 years and 33 (23.1%) aged 10 years and above (P=0.016). Adverse outcomes were 3 deaths, 17 growth disturbances, 7 amputations, and 44 impairments. For those below 10 years of age, rural location (P=0.024), need for surgical treatment (P=0.041), femur injury (P=0.032), peripheral nerve injury (P=0.006), and number of surgeries (P=0.022) were associated with an adverse outcome.

Conclusions:
Over one fourth of survivors of musculoskeletal firearm injuries had an adverse outcome. Children 10 years and above represent the majority of firearm injuries in our population; however, when injured, those below 10 years are more likely to have an adverse outcome.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Saucerization and Repair of Discoid Lateral Menisci With Peripheral Rim Instability: Intermediate-term Outcomes in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Perkins Crystal A. , Busch Michael T. , Christino Melissa A. , Willimon S. Clifton 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Historically, total meniscectomy was recommended as the treatment for a symptomatic discoid meniscus. Improved meniscal repair techniques and inferior long-term outcomes associated with meniscectomy have resulted in a trend toward meniscal preservation, with saucerization and repair of meniscocapsular tears. Reoperation rates after treatment of torn discoid menisci vary, with some series reporting high rates of reinjury and reoperation. The purpose of this study is to describe the intermediate-term outcomes of pediatric patients treated with saucerization and meniscocapsular repair of discoid lateral menisci with peripheral rim instability.

Methods:
A single-institution retrospective review was performed of consecutive patients less than 18 years of age treated with saucerization and repair for a meniscocapsular tear of a discoid lateral meniscus from 2013 to 2017. All patients had a minimum 24-month follow-up. A chart review was performed to describe tear location and repair type. The primary outcomes were revision meniscus surgery and Pedi-International Knee Documentation Committee and Tegner activity scores obtained at the final follow-up.

Results:
In total, 32 knees in 30 patients, including 15 males and 15 females with a mean age of 12 years (range, 5 to 17 y), were included. Tear patterns included anterior meniscocapsular (14 knees), posterior meniscocapsular (16 knees), and both anterior and posterior meniscocapsular (2 knees). Arthroscopic saucerization and meniscocapsular repair were performed in all knees. Repair types were outside-in (10 knees), inside-out (8 knees), all-inside (8 knees), and hybrid (6 knees). The mean follow-up was 54 months (range, 30 to 86 mo). Three knees (9%) underwent revision meniscus surgery, including 2 all-inside repairs and 1 partial meniscectomy. At the final follow-up, mean International Knee Documentation Committee score was 96 (range, 82 to 100). A total of 89% of patients reported returning to the same or higher level of activity following surgery.

Conclusions:
Saucerization of discoid lateral menisci with repair of meniscocapsular tears is associated with low rates of revision surgery and good intermediate-term outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Measured and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in the ICU: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sangla Fréderic , Marti Pierre Emmanuel , Verissimo Thomas , Pugin Jérôme , de Seigneux Sophie , Legouis David 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To compare estimated glomerular filtration rate using classical static and kinetic equations with measured glomerular filtration rate assessed by plasma iohexol clearance in a mixed population of critical care patients.

Patients:
Unselected patients older than 18 and admitted to a general ICU.

Design:
Interventional prospective single center study.

Intervention:
Measurement of glomerular filtration rate by the plasma clearance of an IV single dose of iohexol and estimation of glomerular filtration rate with creatinine or cystatin C–based standard and kinetic equations as well as urinary creatinine clearance.

Measurements and Main Results:
Sixty-three patients were included with a median age of 66 years old. The median measured glomerular filtration rate was 51 mL/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile range, 19–85 mL/min/1.73 m2). All used equations displayed significant biases, high errors, and poor accuracy when compared with measured glomerular filtration rate, overestimating renal function. The highest accuracy and lowest error were observed with cystatin C–based chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equations. Both modification of diet in renal disease and Cockcroft-Gault equations displayed the lowest performance. Kinetic models did not improve performances, except in patients with unstable creatinine levels. Creatinine- but not cystatin C–based estimations largely derived over ICU stay, which appeared more related to sarcopenia than fluid balance. Finally, estimated glomerular filtration rate misclassified patients according to classical glomerular filtration rate categories in approximately half of the studied cases.

Conclusions:
All known estimated glomerular filtration rate equations displayed high biases and unacceptable errors when compared with measured glomerular filtration rate in a mixed ICU population, with the lowest performance related to creatinine-based equations compared with cystatin C. In the ICU, we advocate for caution when using creatinine based estimated glomerular filtration rate equations. Drifting of serum creatinine levels over time should also be taken into consideration when assessing renal function in the ICU.
Evaluation of Organ Doses for Pediatric Computed Tomography Using a Newly Designed Radiophotoluminescence Glass Dosimeter and Comparison with a Monte Carlo Simulation-based Dose Calculator
Authors: Chang Weishan , Koba Yusuke 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Management of patient dose is an effective way to help optimize computed tomography (CT) scanning conditions and CT dose. Organ dose is one of the preferred quantities for radiation protection because of its correlation with radiation risk. To date, the WAZA-ARI dose calculator is the only freely available CT dose calculator also applicable for pediatric patients. However, no reports of its evaluation have appeared since the latest version of WAZA-ARI was released. In this study, to evaluate the latest version of WAZA-ARI, we measured the organ dose in a 5-y-old anthropomorphic phantom by a newly developed radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeter (RGD) dosimetry system and compared these results with the calculation results from WAZA-ARI. The newly designed RGDs have less angular dependence because of the additional filter. RGDs were individually calibrated with the ISOVOLT TITAN-320 x-ray generator. All the experimental measurements for this study were performed using a CT scanner. To consider the difference of CT output between the nominal and actual machine, the measured CTDIair was used to correct the calculation results obtained from WAZA-ARI. After the corrections using the measured CTDIair, the calculation results from WAZA-ARI were relatively lower than the measured results with a range of 8–20%, which corresponds to the dose difference caused by the difference in effective diameter. In conclusion, the calculation accuracy of WAZA-ARI is guaranteed when the normalization factor specific to each CT scanner (CTDIair) and the shape of the phantom are taken into consideration.
Exploring the Relationship of Race and Ethnicity to Other Characteristics Within Residency Applicants: An Analysis of RF-PTCAS Data From 2013 to 2018
Authors: Rapport Mary Jane , Chesbro Steven , Bannister Ryan , Watson Ellerbe Robyn , VanHoose Lisa 
Published: October 2020

Introduction.
A centralized application process for applicants to physical therapy residency and fellowship education programs has been available through an online portal known as Residency Fellowship-Physical Therapy Centralized Application Service (RF-PTCAS) since 2013. None of these data have been described or analyzed to date beyond an initial internal report of applicant and application numbers. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe applicants to physical therapist (PT) residency programs from 2013 to 2018, with a specific focus on race and ethnicity.
Demographic and admissions research related to PT residency education is limited, and we are unaware of any existing data on residency applicants based on racial and ethnic identity. At present, we can look to existing data from past and current Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students to inform expected racial or ethnic composition of current and future residents. Both the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education and PTCAS provide population demographics of PT students.

Methods.
A data set from RF-PTCAS was obtained for analysis of applicant data for the application cycles from 2013–2014 to 2017–2018. Applicants to residency programs through RF-PTCAS between 2013 and 2018 were included in this analysis (n = 4,373).

Results.
This growing applicant pool has remained relatively similar in applicant demographics from year to year over this 5-year period of analysis. The data show that applicants to residency are best characterized as: 26–30 years of age, female, White, graduated with their DPT degree within the same or the previous year of applying to residency, and living in a state in the Southern, Mid-West or Pacific-Coastal regions.

Discussion.
Overall, the race/ethnicity of White to non-White applicants has remained constant with little change in the growth of non-White applicants. Thus, despite the “call to action” among leaders in our profession, and an increase in other related health professions, we have had little change across 5 years of admissions data.

Conclusion.
Thus, despite the “call to action” among leaders in our profession, and an increase in other related health professions, we have had little change across 5 years of admissions data to residency programs.
Cochlear Implants and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Experience With Over 100 Studies Performed With Magnets in Place
Authors: Fussell Wanda L. , Patel Neil S. , Carlson Matthew L. , Neff Brian A. , Watson Robert E. , Lane John I. , Driscoll Colin L. W. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To evaluate adverse events and feasibility of performing 1.5-T MRI in patients with cochlear implants (CI) and auditory brainstem implants (ABI).

Setting:
Single tertiary academic referral center.

Patients:
CI and ABI recipients undergoing 1.5-T MRI without internal magnet removal.

Intervention(s):
MRI after tight headwrap application.

Main Outcome Measures:
Adverse events, patient tolerance.

Results:
A total of 131 MR studies in 79 patients were performed, with a total of 157 study ears. Sixty-one patients (77%) had unilateral devices. Four patients (5%) underwent MRI with ABI magnets in place. Sixteen patients (20%) had MRI-compatible devices that did not require a head wrap. There were no instances of device stimulation, device malfunction, or excessive heating of the receiver-stimulator package. Magnet tilt requiring manual repositioning occurred during seven studies (4.5%) and magnet displacement requiring operative intervention occurred during seven studies (4.5%). Significant pain where imaging had to be discontinued occurred during three episodes (2%). No adverse events were noted among patients who underwent MRI with an MRI-compatible magnet.

Conclusions:
MRI with CI or ABI magnets in place is associated with a low prevalence of adverse events when performed in a controlled setting. Many partial magnet displacements can be corrected with firm manual pressure. Devices with magnets that align with the field within their housing were not associated with any adverse events and do not require immobilization of the magnet during the scan. These may be valuable in patients with known or anticipated need for MRI.
Assessment of Temporal Bone Thickness for Implantation of a New Active Bone-Conduction Transducer
Authors: Rahne Torsten , Svensson Sara , Lagerkvist Helén , Holmberg Marcus , Plontke Stefan K. , Wenzel Claudia 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To investigate the minimum bone thickness in adults and children in the area of the skull affected by implantation of a new bone conduction device in patients without known medical history that indicates anatomical malformations.

Study Design:
Retrospective, non-interventional study on computer tomography (CT) scans on file at a university medical center.

Study Methods:
A digital model of the new bone conduction implant was virtually implanted in 3D reconstructions of temporal bones based on 197 CT scans, 132 from adults and 65 from children (evenly distributed in five different age groups). The bone thickness was measured in a total of 11 designated positions; five measurement points for the transducer (recess area), and six for the fixation screws, corresponding to three different positions for the fixation band holding the implant in place (screw area).

Results:
The minimum bone thickness in the combined recess and screw area for adults was 5.55 ± 1.46 mm, with a 95% CI of 5.30 to 5.80 mm. For children, the thickness was 4.34 ± 2.29 mm (95% CI: 3.77–4.91 mm), increasing from 1.92 mm (0–4 yr) to 6.41 mm (12–14 yr). For all ages, the bone in the recess area was generally thicker compared with the screw area.
With an implantation depth of 3 mm the transducer fitted in all of the adult temporal bones (100%) and 99.2% (131/132) of the adults had a bone thickness of at least 2.7 mm in all six measured screw positions. In all children from the age of 5 the transducer fitted at an implantation depth of 3 mm, and in all children from the age of 9, the fixation screws fitted at a depth of 2.7 mm. In all CT scans except for a 6-month-old child the new bone conduction device could be implanted in at least one of the fixation band positions analyzed.

Conclusions:
In adults and many children without known medical history that indicates anatomical malformations, the average minimum bone thickness was thicker than both the maximum transducer depth of 3 mm and the 2.7 mm bone involvement of the osseointegrating fixation screws. The results indicate implant fit of the new bone conduction implant in all adult patients. The risks of compromising the sigmoid sinus and the dura as considered with larger implants are thus significantly reduced. Preoperative planning with CT would still be recommended for children below 9 years old.