bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A circular RNA derived from DAB1 promotes cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via RBPJ/DAB1 axis
Authors: Chia Weekai , Liu Jiali , Huang Yi-Gang , Zhang Changqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOsteogenesis (OS) is a type of differentiation that is of great importance for bone homeostasis. Increasing studies suggest circular RNAs (circRNAs) as pivotal regulators in OS. This study proposed to investigate mechanism mediated by circRNAs in OS. Based on GEO data and qRT-PCR assay, we found that circ-DAB1 (has_circ_0113689) was significantly up-regulated during osteogenic differentiation in human BMSCs. Overexpressing circ-DAB1 proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, whereas silencing circ-DAB1 elicited opposite functions. Subsequently, recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ), an important transcription factor in NOTCH pathway, was found to interact with DAB1 promoter while not to combine with circ-DAB1. Interestingly, circ-DAB1 overexpression could result in the increasing binding between RBPJ and DAB adaptor protein 1 (DAB1) promoter. Overexpressing circ-DAB1 upregulated RBPJ in BMSCs to induce DAB1 level. Further, we uncovered that circ-DAB1 upregulated RBPJ through sequestering miR-1270 and miR-944. Restoration experiments demonstrated that knocking down either RBPJ or DAB1 partially recovered BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation that was suppressed by circ-DAB1 overexpression. Conclusively, circ-DAB1 promotes cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via NOTCH/RBPJ pathway.
HDAC1 inhibition ameliorates TDP-43-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sanna Simona , Esposito Sonia , Masala Alessandra , Sini Paola , Nieddu Gabriele , Galioto Manuela , Fais Milena , Iaccarino Ciro , Cestra Gianluca , Crosio Claudia 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTTDP-43 pathology is a disease hallmark that characterizes both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). TDP-43 undergoes several posttranslational modifications that can change its biological activities and its aggregative propensity, which is a common hallmark of different neurodegenerative conditions. New evidence is provided by the current study pointing at TDP-43 acetylation in ALS cellular models. Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that TDP-43 interacts with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) via RRM1 and RRM2 domains, that are known to contain the two major TDP-43 acetylation sites, K142 and K192. Moreover, we show that TDP-43 is a direct transcriptional activator of CHOP promoter and this activity is regulated by acetylation. Finally and most importantly, we observe both in cell culture and in Drosophila that a HDCA1 reduced level (genomic inactivation or siRNA) or treatment with pan-HDAC inhibitors exert a protective role against WT or pathological mutant TDP-43 toxicity, suggesting TDP-43 acetylation as a new potential therapeutic target. HDAC inhibition efficacy in neurodegeneration has long been debated, but future investigations are warranted in this area. Selection of more specific HDAC inhibitors is still a promising option for neuronal protection especially as HDAC1 appears as a downstream target of both TDP- 43 and FUS, another ALS-related gene.
Patterns and driving forces of dimensionality-dependent charge density waves in 2H-type transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Lin Dongjing , Li Shichao , Wen Jinsheng , Berger Helmuth , Forró László , Zhou Huibin , Jia Shuang , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Xi Xiaoxiang , Bahramy Mohammad Saeed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCharge density wave (CDW) is a startling quantum phenomenon, distorting a metallic lattice into an insulating state with a periodically modulated charge distribution. Astonishingly, such modulations appear in various patterns even within the same family of materials. Moreover, this phenomenon features a puzzling diversity in its dimensional evolution. Here, we propose a general framework, unifying distinct trends of CDW ordering in an isoelectronic group of materials, 2H-MX2 (M = Nb, Ta and X = S, Se). We show that while NbSe2 exhibits a strongly enhanced CDW order in two dimensions, TaSe2 and TaS2 behave oppositely, with CDW being absent in NbS2 entirely. Such a disparity is demonstrated to arise from a competition of ionic charge transfer, electron-phonon coupling, and electron correlation. Despite its simplicity, our approach can, in principle, explain dimensional dependence of CDW in any material, thereby shedding new light on this intriguing quantum phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms.
Measurement-induced, spatially-extended entanglement in a hot, strongly-interacting atomic system
Authors: Kong Jia , Jiménez-Martínez Ricardo , Troullinou Charikleia , Lucivero Vito Giovanni , Tóth Géza , Mitchell Morgan W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuantum technologies use entanglement to outperform classical technologies, and often employ strong cooling and isolation to protect entangled entities from decoherence by random interactions. Here we show that the opposite strategy—promoting random interactions—can help generate and preserve entanglement. We use optical quantum non-demolition measurement to produce entanglement in a hot alkali vapor, in a regime dominated by random spin-exchange collisions. We use Bayesian statistics and spin-squeezing inequalities to show that at least 1.52(4) × 1013 of the 5.32(12) × 1013 participating atoms enter into singlet-type entangled states, which persist for tens of spin-thermalization times and span thousands of times the nearest-neighbor distance. The results show that high temperatures and strong random interactions need not destroy many-body quantum coherence, that collective measurement can produce very complex entangled states, and that the hot, strongly-interacting media now in use for extreme atomic sensing are well suited for sensing beyond the standard quantum limit.
Scale and information-processing thresholds in Holocene social evolution
Authors: Shin Jaeweon , Price Michael Holton , Wolpert David H. , Shimao Hajime , Tracey Brendan , Kohler Timothy A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThroughout the Holocene, societies developed additional layers of administration and more information-rich instruments for managing and recording transactions and events as they grew in population and territory. Yet, while such increases seem inevitable, they are not. Here we use the Seshat database to investigate the development of hundreds of polities, from multiple continents, over thousands of years. We find that sociopolitical development is dominated first by growth in polity scale, then by improvements in information processing and economic systems, and then by further increases in scale. We thus define a Scale Threshold for societies, beyond which growth in information processing becomes paramount, and an Information Threshold, which once crossed facilitates additional growth in scale. Polities diverge in socio-political features below the Information Threshold, but reconverge beyond it. We suggest an explanation for the evolutionary divergence between Old and New World polities based on phased growth in scale and information processing. We also suggest a mechanism to help explain social collapses with no evident external causes.
The native ORAI channel trio underlies the diversity of Ca2+ signaling events
Authors: Yoast Ryan E. , Emrich Scott M. , Zhang Xuexin , Xin Ping , Johnson Martin T. , Fike Adam J. , Walter Vonn , Hempel Nadine , Yule David I. , Sneyd James , Gill Donald L. , Trebak Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe essential role of ORAI1 channels in receptor-evoked Ca2+ signaling is well understood, yet little is known about the physiological activation of the ORAI channel trio natively expressed in all cells. The roles of ORAI2 and ORAI3 have remained obscure. We show that ORAI2 and ORAI3 channels play a critical role in mediating the regenerative Ca2+ oscillations induced by physiological receptor activation, yet ORAI1 is dispensable in generation of oscillations. We reveal that ORAI2 and ORAI3 channels multimerize with ORAI1 to expand the range of sensitivity of receptor-activated Ca2+ signals, reflecting their enhanced basal STIM1-binding and heightened Ca2+-dependent inactivation. This broadened bandwidth of Ca2+ influx is translated by cells into differential activation of NFAT1 and NFAT4 isoforms. Our results uncover a long-sought role for ORAI2 and ORAI3, revealing an intricate control mechanism whereby heteromerization of ORAI channels mediates graded Ca2+ signals that extend the agonist-sensitivity to fine-tune transcriptional control.
Plasma membrane H+-ATPases sustain pollen tube growth and fertilization
Authors: Hoffmann Robert D. , Portes Maria Teresa , Olsen Lene Irene , Damineli Daniel Santa Cruz , Hayashi Maki , Nunes Custódio O. , Pedersen Jesper T. , Lima Pedro T. , Campos Cláudia , Feijó José A. , Palmgren Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPollen tubes are highly polarized tip-growing cells that depend on cytosolic pH gradients for signaling and growth. Autoinhibited plasma membrane proton (H+) ATPases (AHAs) have been proposed to energize pollen tube growth and underlie cell polarity, however, mechanistic evidence for this is lacking. Here we report that the combined loss ofAHA6, AHA8, andAHA9inArabidopsis thalianadelays pollen germination and causes pollen tube growth defects, leading to drastically reduced fertility. Pollen tubes ofahamutants had reduced extracellular proton (H+) and anion fluxes, reduced cytosolic pH, reduced tip-to-shank proton gradients, and defects in actin organization. Furthermore, mutant pollen tubes had less negative membrane potentials, substantiating a mechanistic role for AHAs in pollen tube growth through plasma membrane hyperpolarization. Our findings define AHAs as energy transducers that sustain the ionic circuit defining the spatial and temporal profiles of cytosolic pH, thereby controlling downstream pH-dependent mechanisms essential for pollen tube elongation, and thus plant fertility.
Ecology and allometry predict the evolution of avian developmental durations
Authors: Cooney Christopher R. , Sheard Catherine , Clark Andrew D. , Healy Susan D. , Liker András , Street Sally E. , Troisi Camille A. , Thomas Gavin H. , Székely Tamás , Hemmings Nicola , Wright Alison E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe duration of the developmental period represents a fundamental axis of life-history variation, yet broad insights regarding the drivers of this diversity are currently lacking. Here, we test mechanistic and ecological explanations for the evolution of developmental duration using embryological data and information on incubation and fledging for 3096 avian species. Developmental phases associated primarily with growth are the longest and most variable, consistent with a role for allometric constraint in determining the duration of development. In addition, developmental durations retain a strong imprint of deep evolutionary history and body size differences among species explain less variation than previously thought. Finally, we reveal ecological correlates of developmental durations, including variables associated with the relative safety of the developmental environment and pressures of breeding phenology. Overall, our results provide broad-scale insight into the relative importance of mechanistic, ecological and evolutionary constraints in shaping the diversification of this key life-history trait.
Hopfions emerge in ferroelectrics
Authors: Luk’yanchuk I. , Tikhonov Y. , Razumnaya A. , Vinokur V. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParadigmatic knotted solitons, Hopfions, that are characterized by topological Hopf invariant, attract an intense attention in the diverse areas of physics ranging from high-energy physics, cosmology and astrophysics to biology, magneto- and hydrodynamics and condensed matter physics. Yet, while being of broad interest, they remain elusive and under-explored. Here we demonstrate that Hopfions emerge as a basic configuration of polarization field in confined ferroelectric nanoparticles. Our findings establish that Hopfions are of fundamental importance for the electromagnetic behavior of the nanocomposits and can result in advanced functionalities of these materials.
Ballistic supercavitating nanoparticles driven by single Gaussian beam optical pushing and pulling forces
Authors: Lee Eungkyu , Huang Dezhao , Luo Tengfei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDirected high-speed motion of nanoscale objects in fluids can have a wide range of applications like molecular machinery, nano robotics, and material assembly. Here, we report ballistic plasmonic Au nanoparticle (NP) swimmers with unprecedented speeds (~336,000 μm s−1) realized by not only optical pushing but also pulling forces from a single Gaussian laser beam. Both the optical pulling and high speeds are made possible by a unique NP-laser interaction. The Au NP excited by the laser at the surface plasmon resonance peak can generate a nanoscale bubble, which can encapsulate the NP (i.e., supercavitation) to create a virtually frictionless environment for it to move, like the Leidenfrost effect. Certain NP-in-bubble configurations can lead to the optical pulling of NP against the photon stream. The demonstrated ultra-fast, light-driven NP movement may benefit a wide range of nano- and bio-applications and provide new insights to the field of optical pulling force.
Flexible and stretchable metal oxide nanofiber networks for multimodal and monolithically integrated wearable electronics
Authors: Wang Binghao , Thukral Anish , Xie Zhaoqian , Liu Limei , Zhang Xinan , Huang Wei , Yu Xinge , Yu Cunjiang , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFiber-based electronics enabling lightweight and mechanically flexible/stretchable functions are desirable for numerous e-textile/e-skin optoelectronic applications. These wearable devices require low-cost manufacturing, high reliability, multifunctionality and long-term stability. Here, we report the preparation of representative classes of 3D-inorganic nanofiber network (FN) films by a blow-spinning technique, including semiconducting indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) and copper oxide, as well as conducting indium-tin oxide and copper metal. Specifically, thin-film transistors based on IGZO FN exhibit negligible performance degradation after one thousand bending cycles and exceptional room-temperature gas sensing performance. Owing to their great stretchability, these metal oxide FNs can be laminated/embedded on/into elastomers, yielding multifunctional single-sensing resistors as well as fully monolithically integrated e-skin devices. These can detect and differentiate multiple stimuli including analytes, light, strain, pressure, temperature, humidity, body movement, and respiratory functions. All of these FN-based devices exhibit excellent sensitivity, response time, and detection limits, making them promising candidates for versatile wearable electronics.
Relaxation and revival of quasiparticles injected in an interacting quantum Hall liquid
Authors: Rodriguez R. H. , Parmentier F. D. , Ferraro D. , Roulleau P. , Gennser U. , Cavanna A. , Sassetti M. , Portier F. , Mailly D. , Roche P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe one-dimensional, chiral edge channels of the quantum Hall effect are a promising platform in which to implement electron quantum optics experiments; however, Coulomb interactions between edge channels are a major source of decoherence and energy relaxation. It is therefore of large interest to understand the range and limitations of the simple quantum electron optics picture. Here we confirm experimentally for the first time the predicted relaxation and revival of electrons injected at finite energy into an edge channel. The observed decay of the injected electrons is reproduced theoretically within a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid framework, including an important dissipation towards external degrees of freedom. This gives us a quantitative empirical understanding of the strength of the interaction and the dissipation.
Anomalous Hall effect, magneto-optical properties, and nonlinear optical properties of twisted graphene systems
Authors: Liu Jianpeng , Dai Xi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the anomalous Hall effect, magneto-optical properties, and nonlinear optical properties of twisted bilayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride substrate, as well as twisted double bilayer graphene systems. We show that non-vanishing valley polarizations in twisted graphene systems would give rise to the anomalous Hall effect, which can be tuned by in-plane magnetic fields. The valley polarized states are also associated with giant Faraday and Kerr rotations in the terahertz frequency regime. Moreover, we propose that the twisted graphene systems exhibit colossal nonlinear optical responses by virtue of the inversion-symmetry breaking, the small bandwidth, and the small excitation gaps of the systems. In twisted double bilayer graphene, we find that certain components of the nonlinear photo-conductivity tensor are directly proportional to the orbital magnetization of the system, which would exhibit remarkable hysteresis behavior in response to perpendicular magnetic fields.
Quantum classifier with tailored quantum kernel
Authors: Blank Carsten , Park Daniel K. , Rhee June-Koo Kevin , Petruccione Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKernel methods have a wide spectrum of applications in machine learning. Recently, a link between quantum computing and kernel theory has been formally established, opening up opportunities for quantum techniques to enhance various existing machine-learning methods. We present a distance-based quantum classifier whose kernel is based on the quantum state fidelity between training and test data. The quantum kernel can be tailored systematically with a quantum circuit to raise the kernel to an arbitrary power and to assign arbitrary weights to each training data. Given a specific input state, our protocol calculates the weighted power sum of fidelities of quantum data in quantum parallel via a swap-test circuit followed by two single-qubit measurements, requiring only a constant number of repetitions regardless of the number of data. We also show that our classifier is equivalent to measuring the expectation value of a Helstrom operator, from which the well-known optimal quantum state discrimination can be derived. We demonstrate the performance of our classifier via classical simulations with a realistic noise model and proof-of-principle experiments using the IBM quantum cloud platform.
Ab Initio and Theoretical Study on Electron Transport through Polyene Junctions in between Carbon Nanotube Leads of Various Cuts
Authors: Chen Yiing-Rei , Lin Ming-Kuan , Chan Dun-Hao , Lin Kuan-Bo , Kaun Chao-Cheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study we look into the interference effect in multi-thread molecular junctions in between carbon-nanotube (CNT) electrodes of assorted edges. From the tube end into the tube bulk of selected CNTs, we investigate surface Green’s function and layer-by-layer local density of states (LDOS), and find that both the cross-cut and the angled-cut armchair CNTs exhibit 3-layer-cycled LDOS oscillations. Moreover, the angled-cut armchair CNTs, which possess a zigzag rim at the cut, exhibit not only the oscillations, but also edge state component that decays into the tube bulk. In the case of cross-cut zigzag CNTs, the LDOS shows no sign of oscillations, but prominent singularity feature due to edge states. With these cut CNTs as leads, we study the single-polyene and two-polyene molecular junctions via both ab initio and tight-binding model approaches. While the interference effect between transport channels is manifested through our results, we also differentiate the contributions towards transmission from the bulk states and the edge states, by understanding the difference in the Green’s functions obtained from direct integration method and iterative method, separately.
Nonlinear neural network dynamics accounts for human confidence in a sequence of perceptual decisions
Authors: Berlemont Kevin , Martin Jean-Rémy , Sackur Jérôme , Nadal Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectrophysiological recordings during perceptual decision tasks in monkeys suggest that the degree of confidence in a decision is based on a simple neural signal produced by the neural decision process. Attractor neural networks provide an appropriate biophysical modeling framework, and account for the experimental results very well. However, it remains unclear whether attractor neural networks can account for confidence reports in humans. We present the results from an experiment in which participants are asked to perform an orientation discrimination task, followed by a confidence judgment. Here we show that an attractor neural network model quantitatively reproduces, for each participant, the relations between accuracy, response times and confidence. We show that the attractor neural network also accounts for confidence-specific sequential effects observed in the experiment (participants are faster on trials following high confidence trials). Remarkably, this is obtained as an inevitable outcome of the network dynamics, without any feedback specific to the previous decision (that would result in, e.g., a change in the model parameters before the onset of the next trial). Our results thus suggest that a metacognitive process such as confidence in one’s decision is linked to the intrinsically nonlinear dynamics of the decision-making neural network.
Hierarchical phononic crystals for filtering multiple target frequencies of ultrasound
Authors: Lee Ki Yong , Jeon Wonju 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHierarchically structured phononic crystals are proposed for filtering multiple frequency bands. The advantages of using structural hierarchy come from its multiscale periodicity and the increased number of controllable parameters, which contribute to open multiple bandgaps in broadband frequency ranges and adjust the positions of those bandgaps. By deriving a transfer-matrix-based theoretical formula, hierarchical phononic crystals are designed that filter the frequency bands for randomly selected frequencies in the ultrasonic range of 20 kHz to 10 MHz. Their wave-filtering capability is demonstrated by using numerical simulations with consideration of material loss. By comparing the transmittance spectra of the hierarchical phononic crystals with those of conventional ones, the structural hierarchy of the former is shown to be advantageous in filtering multiple frequency bands.