bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface segmentation and reconstruction in reverse engineering
Authors: Marzoog R J , Alduroobi A A , Al-Zubaidy S S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Reverse Engineering (RE) is the process by which the geometry of a physical part is recreated digitally by digitizing and data modification. RE main difficulty is surface reconstruction. This difficulty increases by increasing part complexity. In this research, a developed reverse engineering approach has been adopted to create a 3D CAD model for power stern. The approach begins from the existing and goes through three main steps (scanning, data pre-processing, and part segmentation and surface reconstruction) and finalize to a readable CAD model. A mathematical representation for the NURB curve has been created to formalize the edges of segments then reconstructing plan and tabulated surfaces according to the segment geometry. Algorithms and computer programs using MATLAB programs have been built to implement the proposed approach and save the data.
Design and Implementation of Intelligent MPPT Based on FPGA for PV System
Authors: Mahmood Mohanad H. , Ali Inaam I. , Ahmed Oday A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of intelligent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed MPPT is based on the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). FLCs have the benefit of being very easy to design as they don’t need accurate knowledge of the system and work well for the nonlinear system. The MATLAB/Simulink was used to verify the proposed method, with three scenarios of environment conditions. The DC-DC converter has been designed and simulated using PLECS simulation software, then implemented practically in order to work as impedance matching between PV source and load. The system was built based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and connected to the PV panel and tested practically at the site for different environment conditions and compared with measurements obtained using solar analyzer device. According to the simulated and experimental results, the proposed method capable to find the maximum power point (MPP) under different climate conditions excellently with compared to perturb and observation (P&O) method. Also, it has very low oscillation about (MPP) and high response, as a result, efficiency is enhanced, providing maximum power transfer to load.
Modeling and simulation of 1kw single phase grid tied inverter for solar photovoltaic system
Authors: Hasan Murtadha Jasim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Solar energy is considered as fastest growing renewable energy source after wind energy for electricity generation. And it is considered environmentally friendly. to effectively implements intelligent systems that feed household generated surplus power to distribution feeder network, modeling and simulation of the grid tied solar system is of high importance. The paper models the 1KW roof solar grid mooring system for the home connected to a 230-240 V single phase grid. The study proposes a converter topology with an efficient output voltage control system that synchronizes the phase, the frequency and voltage of the inverter with the network. The MPPT DC-DC converter, controlled by Perturb and Observe (P&O), generates the maximum power when it is detected that the mains voltage provides a control signal for the synchronous operation of the converter and the drive with the mains voltage. The developed model has been implemented and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Dynamic changes in the network voltage have been applied to evaluate the performance of the voltage controller and the DC-DC converter. The results show that the power output to the network depends not only on the level of power quality, but also on a rapid dynamic response to changes in voltage, phase and frequency, and the output of this system is low, simple, profitable and efficient. For photovoltaic solar applications.
Effect of calcium carbonate treated crumb rubber and oil palm fruit fibre on the mechanical properties of mortar
Authors: Sharba Amjad A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present research was conducted to trace the influence of calcium carbonate by treating crumb rubber and exploiting oil palm fruit fibre (OPFF) incorporated mortars. The mechanical properties of treated crumb rubber and the addition of OPFF mortar being added at 0.5% OPFF and crumb rubber replacement of 0-30% by volume of aggregate were examined. The composites were subjected to compression, split tensile test, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and flexural test. The use of calcium carbonate by treating crumb rubber showed a recovery in the losses of rubberized mortar strength. The percentage 0.5% of OPFF added to the composite showed enhancement to the compressive strength, split tensile strength, UPV and flexural strength of the mortar composites. These findings provide a future possibility for using such wastes to decrease the negative effect on the environment they cause and increase the mechanical properties of composites they are added to.
Optimisation of electro-spark coating method
Authors: Yu Loginov N , Gulyaev V A , Yu Khudyakova O 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Application of wear resistant coatings on cutting tools in a technological process requires taking into account multiple factors. Optimisation of the hardening process presents one of the main steps that needs to be addressed. This paper describes a method of optimisation of the electro-spark coating (ESC) process. The performance of the process was chosen as the target function. A parametric function was defined based on the previously developed mathematical model of the process whereby the condition of the strong connection of coating material with the foundation was used. Another parametric function is a prerequisite for a suitable coating thickness. Additional limitations are the characteristics of the equipment for the reinforcement
Antioxidant in a model biomembrane – astaxanthin and its esters mixed with DPPC in Langmuir films
Authors: Kulikov E A , Stupnikov A A , Malakhova Y N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Amphiphilic properties of astaxanthin molecule and its esters make it possible to include it in self-organized structures based on lipid membrane components. Astaxanthin and its mono- and diesters were isolated from the extract of the microalgae Haematococcus Pluvialis, purified by column chromatography, and identified by thin-layer chromatography. The absence of impurities in astaxanthin and its esters was confirmed by means of high performance liquid chromatography method with detection in the ultraviolet-visible region and mass spectrometric detection. The model systems of the cell membrane lipid bilayer — Langmuir films of mixtures of DPPC with astaxanthin and its mono- and diesters, were formed at the air-water interface and studied by a complex of methods. It was found that an increase in the amount of astaxanthin, as well as the addition of its esters to the Langmuir films of DPPC, leads to an increase of values of area per molecule at the surface pressure isotherm uprise and decrease of Langmuir film collapse pressure. The addition of astaxanthin mono- and diesters prevents the phase transition in the DPPC monolayer more strongly than unesterified astaxanthin.
Using Machine Learning Radial Basis Function (RBF) Method for Predicting Lubricated Friction on Textured and Porous Surfaces
Authors: Boidi Guido , da Silva Márcio Rodrigues , Profito Francisco J , Machado Izabel Fernanda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The coefficient of friction (CoF) obtained from tribological tests conducted on textured and porous surfaces was analysed using the machine learning Radial Basis Function (RBF) method. Non-textured and non-porous samples were taken as reference surfaces. Test parameters, such as entrainment velocity and slide-roll ratio (SRR), along with geometric characteristics of surface features (e.g. texture width and depth, coverage area, circularity, spatial distribution and directionality, among others), were selected as training dataset for the machine learning RBF model. The surface features were divided into designed patterns (dimples and grooves) manufactured by laser texturing, and randomised cavities (surface pores) resulted from the sintering process. The principal outcomes of this study are the effective use of the machine learning RBF method for tribological applications, as well as a critical discussion on its feasibility for the experimental dataset selected and the preliminary results obtained. Main results show that the Hardy multiquadric radial basis function provided an overall correlation coefficient of 0.934 for 35 poles. The application of the suggested machine learning technique and methodology can be extended to other experimental results available in the literature to train more robust models for predicting tribological performances of textured and structured surfaces.
Associations of ω-3 Fatty Acids With Interstitial Lung Disease and Lung Imaging Abnormalities Among Adults
Authors: Kim John S , Steffen Brian T , Podolanczuk Anna J , Kawut Steven M , Noth Imre , Raghu Ganesh , Michos Erin D , Hoffman Eric A , Axelsson Gisli Thor , Gudmundsson Gunnar , Gudnason Vilmundur , Gudmundsson Elias F , Murphy Rachel A , Dupuis Josée , Xu Hanfei , Vasan Ramachandran S , O’Connor George T , Harris William S , Hunninghake Gary M , Barr R Graham , Tsai Michael Y , Lederer David J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, attenuates interstitial lung disease (ILD) in experimental models, but human studies are lacking. We examined associations of circulating levels of DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids with hospitalization and death due to ILD over 12 years in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 6,573). We examined cross-sectional associations with CT lung abnormalities in MESA (2000–2012; n = 6,541), the Framingham Heart Study (2005–2011; n = 3,917), and the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik) (2002–2006; n = 1,106). Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were determined from fasting blood samples and extracted from plasma phospholipids (MESA and AGES-Reykjavik) or red blood cell membranes (Framingham Heart Study). Higher DHA levels were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization due to ILD (per standard-deviation increment, adjusted rate ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 0.99) and a lower rate of death due to ILD (per standard-deviation increment, adjusted hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). Higher DHA was associated with fewer interstitial lung abnormalities on computed tomography (per natural log increment, pooled adjusted odds ratio = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91). Higher DHA levels were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization and death due to ILD and fewer lung abnormalities on computed tomography in a meta-analysis of data from population-based cohort studies.
Uric Acid Is Not Associated With Blood Pressure Phenotypes and Target Organ Damage According to Blood Pressure Phenotypes
Authors: Cai Anping , Liu Lin , Siddiqui Mohammed , Zhou Dan , Chen Jiyan , Calhoun David A , Tang Songtao , Zhou Yingling , Feng Yingqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertensive patients with increased serum uric acid (SUA) are at increased cardiovascular (CV) risks. Both the European and American hypertension guidelines endorse the utilization of 24 h-ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24 h-ABPM) for hypertensive patients with increased CV risk. While there is difference in identifying uric acid as a CV risk factor between the European and American guidelines. Therefore, it is unknown whether 24 h-ABPM should be used routinely in hypertensive patients with increased SUA.

METHODS
To address this knowledge gap, we investigated (i) the correlation between SUA and 24 h-ABP; (ii) the association between SUA and blood pressure (BP) phenotypes (controlled hypertension [CH], white-coat uncontrolled hypertension [WCUH], masked uncontrolled hypertension [MUCH], and sustained uncontrolled hypertension [SUCH]); (iii) the association between SUA and target organ damage (TOD: microalbuminuria, left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH], and arterial stiffness) according to BP phenotypes.

RESULTS
In 1,336 treated hypertensive patients (mean age 61.2 and female 55.4%), we found (i) there was no correlation between SUA and 24 h, daytime, and nighttime systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure, respectively; (ii) in reference to CH, SUA increase was not associated WCUH (odds ratio [OR] 0.968, P = 0.609), MUCH (OR 1.026, P = 0.545), and SUCH (OR 1.003, P = 0.943); (iii) the overall prevalence of microalbuminuria, LVH, and arterial stiffness was 2.3%, 16.7%, and 23.2%, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, including age, sex, smoking, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, there was no association between SUA and TOD in all BP phenotypes.

CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary findings did not support routine use of 24 h-ABPM in treated hypertensive patients with increased SUA.
Patient Satisfaction Following Inverted-T and Short-Scar Mammaplasty as Measured by the Breast Evaluation Questionnaire 55
Authors: Pontes Gisela Hobson , Mendes Carneiro Filho Fernando Sérgio , Vargas Guerrero Luis Alejandro , Takahashi Rodrigues Pinto Carolina , Serra-Guimarães Fernando 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Mastopexy combined with silicone implant placement is one of the most frequently performed plastic surgeries. Various techniques have been developed to increase the degree of patient satisfaction after surgery. The goal is to give the breasts a harmonious shape, generating the smallest scars possible. The Breast Evaluation Questionnaire 55 (BEQ 55) was developed in 2006 as a tool for assessing the satisfaction and comfort of patients with the general appearance of their breasts.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare the degree of satisfaction of patients undergoing mastopexy by the inverted-T technique vs the short-scar technique by the BEQ 55.

Methods
The BEQ 55 was administered pre- and postoperatively to 200 patients who underwent mastopexy performed by the first author between October 2013 and September 2017. One hundred patients underwent the short-scar technique, and 100 patients underwent the inverted-T technique.

Results
The first analysis used descriptive statistics. Relative frequencies were used to track the responses corresponding to each technique. There was an increase in the level of patient comfort and satisfaction with breast appearance after surgery in both groups. The short-scar technique was shown to be superior, with statistical significance (P &lt; 0.05) found for the questions evaluating comfort with overall appearance naked, comfort with breast appearance naked, and satisfaction with breast appearance.

Conclusions
Both techniques improved the patients’ satisfaction and comfort with their breasts. When the short-scar technique was used, patients were more comfortable with their breast appearance and with their overall appearance naked.

Level of Evidence: 4
Combined Use of Cu(II)-L-Histidine Complex and β-Cyclodextrin for the Enantioseparation of Three Amino Acids by CE and a Study of the Synergistic Effect
Authors: Xu Zifu , Guan Jin , Shao Huili , Fan Shitong , Li Xiaoyu , Shi Shuang , Yan Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new capillary electrophoresis method was applied to chiral separation of three amino acids, including D,L-tryptophan, D,L-tyrosine and D,L-phenylalanine. The chiral resolution was attained in an untreated fused-sillica capillary using a dual chiral selector, which was made up of Cu(II)-L-histidine complex and β-cyclodextrin (CD). The cardinal factors influencing its separation efficiency, such as chiral selectors, buffer pH and applied voltage, were optimized. Best results were acquired by using a buffer consisting of 10 mmol/L Cu(II), 13 mmol/L L-histidine, 8 mmol/L β-CD, 5 mmol/L phosphate adjusted to pH 5.0 and 15 kV applied voltage. All enantiomers were entirely resolved within 20 min with high resolutions of 3.6~6.1. The analysis method was verified through the determination of D,L-tryptophan in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy. And the robustness of this method was proved. The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification for both enantiomers were 2.5 and 5 μg/mL, respectively. The method was perfectly applied to the determination of the enantiomeric purity of L-tryptophan. Furthermore, the interaction between Cu(II)-L-histidine complex and β-CD was also studied using Ultraviolet-visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy to explain the synergistic effect involved. The results illustrated that Cu(II)-L-histidine complex and β-CD played a synergistic role in the enantiomeric separation of chiral drugs, with good prospects for application.
A specific combination of dual index adaptors decreases the sensitivity of amplicon sequencing with the Illumina platform
Authors: Hirose Yuu , Shiozaki Takuhei , Hamano Itsuki , Yoshihara Shizue , Tokumoto Hayato , Eki Toshihiko , Harada Naomi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Amplicon sequencing is a powerful approach in microbiome studies as it detects live organisms with high sensitivity. This approach determines the composition of sequence variants of marker genes using high-throughput DNA sequencers. The use of dual index adaptors is the fundamental technique for pooling DNA libraries for Illumina sequencers and is believed not to affect the results. However, here, we observed a decrease of sequence quality in samples containing a specific combination of indexes, namely N704 and S507 in Nextera kits, in multiple runs on the Illumina MiSeq sequencer operated in different facilities. This decrease was also observed when sequencing randomly fragmented DNA of Escherichia coli and was not observed when either individual adaptor was used. Each end of the DNA library with this index combination contains a complementary sequence motif, which potentially inhibits proper cluster generation and/or subsequent sequencing. Community analysis of the 16S and 18S rRNA amplicons using QIIME2 revealed significant decreases in α-diversity in the samples containing the N704/S507 index combination, resulting from loss of low-abundance sequence variants during denoising. Our data underscore the importance of quality validation of sequence reads in developing dual index techniques and suggest cautious interpretation of microbiome data containing low-quality sequence reads.
Feasibility and efficacy of left bundle branch area pacing in patients indicated for cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Li Yuqiu , Yan Lirong , Dai Yan , Zhou Yu’an , Sun Qi , Chen Ruohan , Lin Jinxuan , Jin Yuanhao , Chen Feng , Guo Xiaogang , Chen Keping , Zhang Shu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
The present study was to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)-indicated patients.

Methods and results
LBBAP was performed via transventricular septal approach in 25 patients as a rescue strategy in 5 patients with failed left ventricular (LV) lead placement and as a primary strategy in the remaining 20 patients. Pacing parameters, procedural characteristics, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic data were assessed at implantation and follow-up. Of 25 enrolled CRT-indicated patients, 14 had left bundle branch block (LBBB, 56.0%), 3 right bundle branch block (RBBB, 12.0%), 4 intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD, 16.0%), and 4 ventricular pacing dependence (16.0%). The QRS duration (QRSd) was significantly shortened by LBBAP (intrinsic 163.6 ± 29.4 ms vs. LBBAP 123.0 ± 10.8 ms, P &lt; 0.001). During the mean follow-up of 9.1 months, New York Heart Association functional class was improved to 1.4 ± 0.6 from baseline 2.6 ± 0.6 (P &lt; 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased to 46.9 ± 10.2% from baseline 35.2 ± 7.0% (P &lt; 0.001), and LV end-diastolic dimensions (LVEDD) decreased to 56.8 ± 9.7 mm from baseline 64.1 ± 9.9 mm (P &lt; 0.001). There was a significant improvement (34.1 ± 7.4% vs. 50.0 ± 12.2%, P &lt; 0.001) in LVEF in patients with LBBB.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates the clinical feasibility of LBBAP in CRT-indicated patients. Left bundle branch area pacing generated narrow QRSd and led to reversal remodelling of LV with improvement in cardiac function. LBBAP may be an alternative to CRT in patients with failure of LV lead placement and a first-line option in selected patients such as those with LBBB and heart failure.
Astrocyte DISC1 contributes to cognitive function in a brain region-dependent manner
Authors: Shevelkin Alexey V , Terrillion Chantelle E , Hasegawa Yuto , Mychko Olga A , Jouroukhin Yan , Sawa Akira , Kamiya Atsushi , Pletnikov Mikhail V 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur understanding of the contribution of genetic risk factors to neuropsychiatric diseases is limited to abnormal neurodevelopment and neuronal dysfunction. Much less is known about the mechanisms whereby risk variants could affect the physiology of glial cells. Our prior studies have shown that a mutant (dominant-negative) form of a rare but highly penetrant psychiatric risk factor, Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), impairs metabolic functions of astrocytes and leads to cognitive dysfunction. In order to overcome the limitations of the mutant DISC1 model and understand the putative regional properties of astrocyte DISC1, we assessed whether knockdown of Disc1 (Disc1-KD) in mature mouse astrocytes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the hippocampus would produce behavioral abnormalities that could be attributed to astrocyte bioenergetics. We found that Disc1-KD in the hippocampus but not PFC impaired trace fear conditioning in adult mice. Using the innovative deep learning approach and convolutional deep neural networks (cDNNs), ResNet50 or ResNet18, and single cell-based analysis, we found that Disc1-KD decreased the spatial density of astrocytes associated with abnormal levels and distribution of the mitochondrial markers and the glutamate transporter, GLAST. Disc1-KD in astrocytes also led to decreased expression of the glutamatergic and increased expression of the GABA-ergic synaptic markers, possibly via non-apoptotic activation of caspase 3 in neurons located within the individual territories of Disc1-KD astrocytes. Our results indicate that altered expression of DISC1 in astrocytes could impair astrocyte bioenergetics, leading to abnormalities in synaptic neurotransmission and cognitive function in a region-dependent fashion.
Putting a New Spin on the Flight of Jabillo Seeds
Authors: Ribera Jesse , Desai Aman , Whitaker Dwight L 
Published: August 2020

Synopsis
Our article describes the explosive seed dispersal of the Hura crepitans fruit. Through high-speed video analysis of an exploding fruit, we observe that the seeds fly with backspin as opposed to topspin, which was previously assumed. Backspin orients seeds to minimize drag during flight and consequently increases dispersal distance. The seeds’ dispersal distance is estimated by using results from the seeds of Ruellia ciliatiflora, which are similarly shaped but ∼10 times smaller than those of H. crepitans. We note that the effects of lowering drag on the dispersal distance are more pronounced at higher speeds. We also see that the effect of launch height on the dispersal distance of the seeds becomes less consequential at higher launch speeds. We conclude that the increased dispersal distance due to flying with backspin should improve fitness in colonizing new habitats or escaping disease or predation and that comparisons of the seed dispersal mechanisms across species within the Euphorbiaceae and Acanthaceae might help reveal the adaptive significance of this behavior.