bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gadolinium–Rose Bengal Coordination Polymer Nanodots for MR‐/Fluorescence‐Image‐Guided Radiation and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Sun Wenjing , Luo Li , Feng Yushuo , Qiu Yuwei , Shi Changrong , Meng Shanshan , Chen Xiaoyuan , Chen Hongmin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCombination therapy based on nanomedicine has gained momentum in oncology in recent years, offering superior safety and efficacy over monotherapies. It is critical to design theranostics that are composed of imaging and therapeutic agents already approved. Herein, gadolinium (Gd)–rose bengal coordination polymer nanodots (GRDs) are reported. The GRDs exhibit a unique absorption property and 7.7‐fold luminescence enhancement, as well as a 1.9‐fold increase in singlet oxygen generation efficiency over free rose bengal. Meanwhile, GRDs exhibit a twofold increase in r1 relaxivity over gadopentetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) and have better X‐ray absorption ability than rose bengal alone. These excellent properties of the GRDs are verified both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiation therapy (RT) more significantly inhibits tumor growth than monotherapies (i.e., PDT or RT). This work offers a new route to designing and synthesizing Gd‐based nanotheranostics for image‐guided cancer therapy.
2D Star‐Shaped Non‐Fullerene Electron Acceptors with Modulation of J‐/H‐Type Aggregations: Molecular Design–Morphology–Electrical Property Correlation
Authors: Koh Chang Woo , Cho Hye Won , Rashid Md Al Mamunur , Lee Tack Ho , Park Song Yi , Lee Wonho , Kwak Kyungwon , Kim Jin Young , Woo Han Young 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo kinds of A1‐(D‐A2)3‐type (A1, A2: acceptor, D: donor) triazine‐based star‐shaped acceptors, TzTPT‐INCN and TzCDT‐INCN, are reported to show strong face‐on orientation with J‐ to H‐type packing structural transformation with thermal annealing (TA) treatments. TA of the thin films of both acceptors mainly leads to the formation of thermodynamically more stable H‐type packing with enhanced hypsochromic absorption peaks in the UV–vis spectra. The results agree well with calculations based on time‐dependent density‐functional theory. To determine the optimum TA conditions for fabricating organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, in‐depth studies are conducted through in situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering to analyze changes in the molecular packing structure with respect to the TA temperature employed. Sequential deposition bilayer OPV devices are fabricated by combining the two acceptors with a donor polymer PBDB‐T. Although the electron mobilities and power conversion efficiencies are improved slightly (PBDB‐T/TzTPT‐INCN: 4.26 to 4.65%, PBDB‐T/TzCDT‐INCN: 6.58 to 7.18%) via transformation from a J‐dominant to H‐dominant morphology, the differences are not significant. Similar charge transport characteristics are observed for both the H‐ and J‐type stacked structures. The study can be used to better understand the modification of molecular packing via the manipulation of molecular design and to determine the correlation between packing structures and electrical properties.
Recent Progress in 2D Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Optical Applications
Authors: Zheng Yongshen , Sun Fang‐Zhou , Han Xiao , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: May 2020

Abstract2D metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted broad research interest in recent years owing to their unique dimension‐related properties for widespread applications in catalysis, energy storage, conductivity, and optoelectronic devices. In this review, first the strategies for the rational design and precise construction of 2D MOFs are introduced. Then, the synthesis of 2D MOFs and their nanosheets by using top‐down and bottom‐up methods are summarized. Subsequently, the recent advances in optical/photonic applications of these 2D MOFs are highlighted, with special focus on lighting and display devices, nonlinear optics, as well as the luminescent sensing and biomedicine applications. Finally, the future potentials and challenges for the construction of 2D MOFs for optical materials are outlooked.
Blue Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Devices via the Ligand Exchange with Adamantane Diamine
Authors: Chiba Takayuki , Ishikawa Shota , Sato Jun , Takahashi Yoshihito , Ebe Hinako , Ohisa Satoru , Kido Junji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been established as promising materials for light‐emitting devices (LEDs) due to their interesting optoelectrical properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high color purity with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM). However, blue perovskite LEDs, with an emission wavelength below 470 nm, require further investigation to improve their performance. Here, it is demonstrated that mixed‐halide CsPb(Cl/Br)3 NCs prepared by ligand exchange with the rigid bidentate structure of adamantane‐1,3‐diamine (ADDA) can be used for blue LEDs. The ligand exchange of CsPb(Cl/Br)3 NCs with ADDA improves PLQY without changing the peak wavelength and FWHM. The LEDs based on ligand exchange NCs with ADDA show an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.49%. Moreover, a quaternary ammonium salt, oleylammonium chloride (OAM‐Cl), is also investigated as an interfacial layer to reduce current density. The LED fabricated with OAM‐Cl reaches an EQE of 1.1% and luminance of 43.2 cd m−2 at the electroluminescence wavelength of 456 nm, representing significantly higher performance compared to that of LEDs without OAM‐Cl layers. Therefore, the ligand exchange of NCs with ADDA and the use of a passivation layer comprising OAM‐Cl facilitate an improvement in the LED performance.
Structural Control of the Molecular Packing and Dynamics of Mechanofluorochromic Materials Based on Small Donor–Acceptor Systems with Turn‐On Luminescence
Authors: Josse Pierre , Allain Magali , Calupitan Jan Patrick , Jiang Yue , Cabanetos Clément , Roncali Jean 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of simple donor–acceptor molecules consisting of an oligo‐oxyethylene (OOE) N‐substituted diphenylamine connected to a dicyanovinyl (DCV) acceptor group by a thienyl π‐conjugating spacer are synthesized. Amorphous deep‐red freshly cast thin films rapidly evolve towards an almost colorless pale beige poly‐crystalline stable material from which a deep‐red photoluminescent state can be switched‐on by mechanical stimulation. The effects of the length of the OOE chain on the molecular packing of the material and on the dynamics of the recovery process and aggregation in solution are analyzed. Crystallographic results show that the length of the OOE chain directly controls the molecular packing from head‐to‐tail arrangement of the dipoles for short chain to co‐facial dimers leading to a non‐centrosymmetric material with nonlinear optics (NLO) activity for the longer ones. The analysis of the dynamics of the self‐recovery process of thin films and of molecular aggregation in solution shows that the dynamics of both processes is directly controlled by the length of the OOE chain. Since, as confirmed by optical and electrochemical results, the OOE substituents have strictly no influence on the electronic properties of the π‐conjugated system, the observed effects are unambiguously related to changes in intermolecular interactions.
Side by Side Battery Technologies with Lithium‐Ion Based Batteries
Authors: Durmus Yasin Emre , Zhang Huang , Baakes Florian , Desmaizieres Gauthier , Hayun Hagay , Yang Liangtao , Kolek Martin , Küpers Verena , Janek Jürgen , Mandler Daniel , Passerini Stefano , Ein‐Eli Yair 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the electrochemical power sources community has launched massive research programs, conferences, and workshops on the “post Li battery era.” However, in this report it is shown that the quest for post Li‐ion and Li battery technologies is incorrect in its essence. This is the outcome of a three day discussion on the future technologies that could provide an answer to a question that many ask these days: Which are the technologies that can be regarded as alternative to Li‐ion batteries? The answer to this question is a rather surprising one: Li‐ion battery technology will be here for many years to come, and therefore the use of “post Li‐ion” battery technologies would be misleading. However, there are applications with needs for which Li‐ion batteries will not be able to provide complete technological solutions, as well as lower cost and sustainability. In these specific cases, other battery technologies will play a key role. Here, the term “side‐by‐side technologies” is coined alongside a discussion of its meaning. The progress report does not cover the topic of Li‐metal battery technologies, but covers the technologies of sodium‐ion, multivalent, metal–air, and flow batteries.
Recent Advances in Perovskite‐Type Oxides for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications
Authors: Sun Chunwen , Alonso Jose A. , Bian Juanjuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProfessor John B. Goodenough started his research on perovskite‐type oxides working on random‐access memory with ceramic [La,M(II)]MnO3 in the Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, more than 60 years ago. Since then perovskite‐type oxides have played vital roles in the field of energy conversion and storage. In this review, a brief overview is given on the structure, defect chemistry, and transport properties of perovskite oxides, especially the mixed‐valent materials with mixed electronic and ionic conductivities. The recent advances of perovskite oxides applications in the oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, electrochemical water splitting reaction, metal–air batteries, solid‐state batteries, oxygen separation membranes, and solid oxide fuel cells are highlighted. Moreover, some novel design strategies for optimizing performance, like interface engineering, defect engineering, strain modulation are discussed as well. Finally, a perspective is given on how to design high‐performance perovskite oxide based materials for energy conversion and storage applications as well as the challenges involved in this task.
Smell and taste symptom‐based predictive model for COVID‐19 diagnosis
Authors: Roland Lauren T. , Gurrola Jose G. , Loftus Patricia A. , Cheung Steven W. , Chang Jolie L. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe presentation of coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) overlaps with common influenza symptoms. There is limited data on whether a specific symptom or collection of symptoms may be useful to predict test positivity.MethodsAn anonymous electronic survey was publicized through social media to query participants with COVID‐19 testing. Respondents were questioned regarding 10 presenting symptoms, demographic information, comorbidities, and COVID‐19 test results. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify predictors for COVID‐19 positivity. Selected classifiers were assessed for prediction performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsA total of 145 participants with positive COVID‐19 testing and 157 with negative results were included. Participants had a mean age of 39 years, and 214 (72%) were female. Smell or taste change, fever, and body ache were associated with COVID‐19 positivity, and shortness of breath and sore throat were associated with a negative test result (p < 0.05). A model using all 5 diagnostic symptoms had the highest accuracy with a predictive ability of 82% in discriminating between COVID‐19 results. To maximize sensitivity and maintain fair diagnostic accuracy, a combination of 2 symptoms, change in sense of smell or taste and fever was found to have a sensitivity of 70% and overall discrimination accuracy of 75%.ConclusionSmell or taste change is a strong predictor for a COVID‐19–positive test result. Using the presence of smell or taste change with fever, this parsimonious classifier correctly predicts 75% of COVID‐19 test results. A larger cohort of respondents will be necessary to refine classifier performance.
Planar Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Antenna by Using Transmissive Phase Gradient Metasurface
Authors: Wang Dengpan , Wang Guangming , Cai Tong , Liu Kaiyue , Li Haipeng , Mao Ruiqi , Wu Borui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) antennas are of particular importance in communication and radar systems. Currently available SSPP radiation devices are limited to low performance with high side‐lobes because it is extremely challenging to accurately control the wave vector of SSPP and the inherent momentum mismatch between the SSPP and spatial waves. Inspired by the optical principle of reversibility, high‐performance radiation control of SSPP is proposed to be achieved with transmissive phase gradient metasurface (TPGM). The TPGM, placed a meticulously optimized distance above the SSPP propagation structure, can provide an additional opposite wave vector to match the momentum between the SSPP and spatial waves. When the propagating SSPP transmits on the TPGM, it can be decoupled into the free space accurately and flexibly. Numerical results coincide well with the measurements, indicating that the radiation control of SSPP achieves high‐performance and low side‐lobe within 9 to 10.5 GHz with the measured radiation efficiency higher than 50%. The measured maximum efficiency appears at 9.8 GHz for 69%. Thanks to the flexible and accurate manipulation of the dispersion relation of SSPP provided by TPGM, the findings may open an avenue in achieving larger angle scanning antenna.
Base‐Assisted Imidization: A Synthetic Method for the Introduction of Bulky Imide Substituents to Control Packing and Optical Properties of Naphthalene and Perylene Imides
Authors: Mahl Magnus , Shoyama Kazutaka , Krause Ana‐Maria , Schmidt David , Würthner Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the direct imidization of naphthalene and perylene dicarboxylic anhydrides/esters with bulky ortho,ortho‐diaryl‐ and ortho,ortho‐dialkynylaniline derivatives. This imidization method uses n‐butyllithium as a strong base to increase the reactivity of bulky amine derivatives, proceeds under mild reaction conditions, requires only stoichiometric amounts of reactants and gives straightforward access to new sterically crowded rylene dicarboximides. Mechanistic investigations suggest an isoimide as intermediary product, which was converted to the corresponding imide upon addition of an aqueous base. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal dimeric packing motifs for monoimides, while two‐side shielded bisimides crystallize in isolated molecules without close π–π‐interactions. Spectroscopic investigations disclose the influence of the bulky substituents on the optical properties in the solid state.
Hyaluronic‐Acid‐Presenting Self‐Assembled Nanoparticles Transform a Hyaluronidase HYAL1 Substrate into an Efficient and Selective Inhibitor
Authors: Duan Haohao , Donovan Mark , Hernandez Franck , Di Primo Carmelo , Garanger Elisabeth , Schultze Xavier , Lecommandoux Sébastien 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, an original method of macromolecular design was used to develop a hyaluronidase‐1 (HYAL1) inhibitor from its principal substrate, hyaluronic acid (HA). HA‐based nanoparticles (HA‐NP) were obtained by copolymer self‐assembly and their effects on HYAL1 activity were investigated by combining different analytical tools. Compared to HA, HA‐NP exhibited an enhanced stability against HYAL1 degradation while maintaining its interaction with the HA receptors CD44 and aggrecan. HA‐NP displayed a strong and selective inhibition of HYAL1 activity and retarded the hydrolysis of higher‐molar‐mass HA in solution. A co‐nanoprecipitation process was used to formulate a range of hybrid nanoparticle samples, which demonstrated the specificity and efficiency of HA‐NP in HYAL1 inhibition.
Fast near infrared light response hydrogel as medical dressing for wound healing
Authors: Yang Kai , Yin Xinyu , Yan Yuanyang , Luo Guanzhou , Xu Mengyi , Pi Pihui , Xu Shouping , Wen Xiufang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFast‐response smart hydrogels with combination of appropriate mechanical strength, self‐healing and tissue adhesiveness ability, and controllable drug release performance are highly desired as wound dressing practice. Herein, a novel dual‐crosslinking hydrogel with gold nanorods (AuNRs) well dispersed in its polymer network, D‐hydrogel@AuNR, was constructed via ultraviolet light initiated radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM), isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM), and dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) in a complex solution of AuNRs and cysteamine‐grafted oxidized sodium alginate (OSA‐SH). The produced D‐hydrogel@AuNR exhibits fast response to the near infrared light (NIR, 808 nm) exposure and a cumulative release level of encapsulated gentamicin sulfate (GS) up to 75% within 60 s laser irradiation. The dual‐crosslinking network that the first MBA crosslinked P(AM‐co‐NIPAAM‐co‐DMA) network and the second imine bonded network makes the tensile stress and tensile strain of D‐hydrogel@AuNR could reach up to 397.0 k Pa and 240%, respectively. Moreover, the received D‐hydrogel@AuNR also exhibits remarkable self‐healing ability and excellent cell affinity and tissue adhesiveness. These desirable properties of D‐hydrogel@AuNR together make it an appropriate candidate for practical wound dressing under different biomedical conditions.
Risiko der Wasserstoffentwicklung an martensitischen Schraubankern unter baupraktischen Bedingungen
Authors: Müller Thoralf , Ebell Gino , Burkert Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, ob unter praxisrelevanten Bedingungen die Entstehung von Wasserstoff an vollmartensitischen Schraubankern möglich ist. Im Gegensatz zu austenitischen Werkstoffen besteht bei martensitischen Werkstoffen bei Gegenwart von Wasserstoff stets die Möglichkeit einer wasserstoffinduzierten Versprödung des Materials. Hierfür wurde ein in der Praxis häufig anzutreffendes Szenario gewählt, das ein galvanisches Element, bestehend aus nichtrostenden Schraubankern (in diesem Fall martensitischen) und einer verzinkten Ankerplatte an einem Betonkörper, umfasst. Zum Nachweis einer Wasserstoffentwicklung werden der Elementstrom zwischen den Bauteilen sowie das Korrosionspotential erfasst. Die Ergebnisse der Versuche zeigen, dass über eine zeitlich begrenzte Dauer eine starke kathodische Polarisation der martensitischen Schraubanker durch die korrosive Auflösung des Zinks erfolgt. Als Folge kommt es zur Wasserzersetzung im Phasengrenzbereich der Schraubanker und zur Entstehung von atomarem Wasserstoff. Das berechnete Gasvolumen des entstandenen Wasserstoffs an den Stahlankern wurde bestimmt und lag im Mittel bei 11,14 ± 1,94 ml. Eine Diffusion des an der Stahloberfläche adsorbierten Wasserstoffs in den martensitischen Werkstoff ist somit theoretisch möglich und impliziert eine mögliche Gefährdung durch wasserstoffinduzierte Rissbildung und spontanes Versagen unter Belastung.
Effect of redox‐responsive DTSSP crosslinking on poly(l‐lysine)‐grafted‐poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles for delivery of proteins
Authors: Seaberg Joshua , Flynn Nicholas , Cai Amanda , Ramsey Joshua D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTherapeutic proteins are utilized in a variety of clinical applications, but side effects and rapid in vivo clearance still present hurdles. An approach that addresses both drawbacks is protein encapsulation within in a polymeric nanoparticle, which is effective but introduces the additional challenge of destabilizing the nanoparticle shell in clinically relevant locations. This study examined the effects of crosslinking self‐assembled poly(l‐lysine)‐grafted‐poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles with redox‐responsive 3,3′‐dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) (DTSSP) to achieve nanoparticle destabilization in a reductive environment. The polymer‐protein nanoparticles (DTSSP NPs) were formed through electrostatic self‐assembly and crosslinked with DTSSP, which contains a glutathione‐reducible disulfide. As glutathione is upregulated in various cancers, DTSSP NPs could display destabilization within cancer cells. A library of DTSSP NPs was formed with varying copolymer to protein (C:P) and crosslinker to protein (X:P) mass ratios and characterized by size and encapsulation efficiency. DTSSP NPs with a 7:1 C:P ratio and 2:1 X:P ratio were further characterized by stability in the presence proteases and reducing agents. DTSSP NPs fully encapsulated the model protein and displayed 81% protein release when incubated with 5 mM dithiothreitol for 12 hr. This study contributes to understanding stimulus‐responsive crosslinking of polymeric nanoparticles and could be foundational to clinical administration of therapeutic proteins.
Patient and clinician experience of a serious illness conversation guide in oncology: A descriptive analysis
Authors: Paladino Joanna , Koritsanszky Luca , Nisotel Lauren , Neville Bridget A. , Miller Kate , Sanders Justin , Benjamin Evan , Fromme Erik , Block Susan , Bernacki Rachelle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/objectiveOncology guidelines recommend earlier communication with patients about prognosis and goals‐of‐care in serious illness. However, current evidence leaves gaps in our understanding of the experience of these conversations. This analysis evaluates the patient and clinician experience of a conversation using a Serious Illness Conversation Guide (SICG).Design/settingSecondary analysis from a cluster‐randomized clinical trial in a northeastern cancer center.ParticipantsPhysicians, advanced practice clinicians, and patients with advanced cancer who received the intervention.InterventionSICG, clinician training, systems‐changes.Main outcomes and measuresThe patient questionnaire assessed perceptions of the conversation and impact on anxiety, hopefulness, peacefulness, sense of control over medical decisions, closeness with their clinician, and behaviors. The clinician questionnaire assessed feasibility, acceptability, and impact on satisfaction in their role.ResultsWe enrolled 54 clinicians and 163 patients; 41 clinicians and 118 patients had a SICG discussion. Most patients described the conversation as worthwhile (79%) and reported no change or improvement in their sense of peacefulness, hopefulness, and anxiety (on average 79%); 56% reported feeling closer with their clinician. Qualitative patient data described positive behavior changes, including enhanced planning for future care and increased focus on personal priorities. Nearly 90% of clinicians agreed that the SICG facilitated timely, effective conversations, and 70% reported increased satisfaction in their role.ConclusionConversations using a SICG were feasible, acceptable, and were associated with positive experiences for both patients and clinicians in oncology in ways that align with national recommendations for serious illness communication. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01786811 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01786811.