bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Glycan Array‐Based Assay for the Identification and Characterization of Plant Glycosyltransferases
Authors: Ruprecht Colin , Bartetzko Max P. , Senf Deborah , Lakhina Anna , Smith Peter J. , Soto Maria J. , Oh Hyunil , Yang Jeong‐Yeh , Chapla Digantkumar , Varon Silva Daniel , Clausen Mads H. , Hahn Michael G. , Moremen Kelley W. , Urbanowicz Breeanna R. , Pfrengle Fabian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrowing plants with modified cell wall compositions is a promising strategy to improve resistance to pathogens, increase biomass digestibility, and tune other important properties. In order to alter biomass architecture, a detailed knowledge of cell wall structure and biosynthesis is a prerequisite. We report here a glycan array‐based assay for the high‐throughput identification and characterization of plant cell wall biosynthetic glycosyltransferases (GTs). We demonstrate that different heterologously expressed galactosyl‐, fucosyl‐, and xylosyltransferases can transfer azido‐functionalized sugar nucleotide donors to selected synthetic plant cell wall oligosaccharides on the array and that the transferred monosaccharides can be visualized “on chip” by a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction with an alkynyl‐modified dye. The opportunity to simultaneously screen thousands of combinations of putative GTs, nucleotide sugar donors, and oligosaccharide acceptors will dramatically accelerate plant cell wall biosynthesis research.
One‐Pot Domino Carbonylation Protocol for Aromatic Diimides toward n‐Type Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Fu Xiaolong , Zhen Yonggang , Ni Zhenjie , Li Yang , Dong Huanli , Siegel Jay S. , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAromatic diimides are one of the most important chromophores in the construction of n‐type organic semiconductors, which lag far behind their p‐type counterpart but are necessary for ambipolar transistors, p‐n junctions and organic complementary circuits. Herein, we establish a facile one‐pot domino synthetic protocol for aromatic diimides via palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of tetrabromo aromatic precursors. Taking tetrabromocorannulene (TBrCor) and tetrabromo‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butylpyrene (TBrPy) as the typical examples, we obtained diimide derivatives in yields of about 50 %, one order of magnitude higher than that of the traditional multi‐step diimidization. As demonstrated in the case of corannulene diimide, the efficient diimidization not only allows the LUMO levels to be lowered significantly but also provides an ordered and closer packing structures, opening up possibilities to the development of n‐type semiconducting materials based on a variety of aromatic systems.
DNA‐Edited Ligand Positioning on Red Blood Cells to Enable Optimized T Cell Activation for Adoptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Lele , Shen Fengyun , Xu Jun , Han Xiao , Fan Chunhai , Liu Zhuang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArtificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) with surface‐anchored T cell activating ligands hold great potential in adoptive immunotherapy. However, it remains challenging to precisely control the ligand positioning on those platforms using conventional bioconjugation chemistry. Utilizing DNA‐assisted bottom‐up self‐assembly, we were able to precisely control both lateral and vertical distributions of T cell activation ligands on red blood cells (RBCs). The clustered lateral positioning of the peptide‐major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) on RBCs with a short vertical distance to the cell membrane is favorable for more effective T cell activation, likely owing to their better mimicry of natural APCs. Such optimized RBC‐based artificial APCs can stimulate T cell proliferation in vivo and effectively inhibit tumor growth with adoptive immunotherapy. DNA technology is thus a unique tool to precisely engineer the cell membrane interface and tune cell–cell interactions, which is promising for applications such as immunotherapy.
Magnetic Multistability in an Anion‐Radical Pimer
Authors: Tuo De‐Hui , Chen Chao , Ruan Huapeng , Wang Qi‐Qiang , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang Xinping , Wang De‐Xian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRadical pimers are the simplest and most important models for studying charge‐transfer processes and provide deep insight into π‐stacked organic materials. Notably, radical pimer systems with magnetic bi‐ or multistability may have important applications in switchable materials, thermal sensors, and information‐storage media. However, no such systems have been reported. Herein, we describe a new pimer consisting of neutral N‐(n‐propyl) benzene triimide ([BTI‐3C]) and its anionic radical ([BTI‐3C]−.) that exhibits rare magnetic multistability. The crystalline pimer was readily synthesized by reduction of BTI‐3C with cobaltocene (CoCp2). The transition occurred with a thermal hysteresis loop that was 27 K wide in the range of 170–220 K, accompanied by a smaller loop with a width of 25 K at 220–242 K. The magnetic multistability was attributed to slippage of the π‐stacked BTI structures and entropy‐driven conformational isomerization of the side propyl chains in the crystalline state during temperature variation.
Selective Catalytic Dehydrogenative Oxidation of Bio‐Polyols to Lactic Acid
Authors: Wu Jiajie , Shen Lingyun , Duan Sai , Chen Zhe‐Ning , Zheng Qingshu , Liu Yaoqi , Sun Zheming , Clark James H. , Xu Xin , Tu Tao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe global demand for lactic acid (LA) is increasing due to its successful application as monomer for the manufacture of bioplastics. Although N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iridium complexes are promising molecular catalysts for LA synthesis, their instabilities have hindered their utilization especially in commercial applications. Here, we report that a porous self‐supported NHC‐iridium coordination polymer can efficiently prevent the clusterization of corresponding NHC‐Ir molecules and can function as a solid molecular recyclable catalyst for dehydrogenation of bio‐polyols to form LA with excellent activity (97 %) and selectivity (>99 %). A turnover number of up to 5700 could be achieved in a single batch, due to the synergistic participation of the Ba2+ and hydroxide ions, as well as the blockage of unwanted pathways by adding methanol. Our findings demonstrate a potential route for the industrial production of LA from cheap and abundant bio‐polyols, including sorbitol.
The Six Isomers of the Cyclohexanol Dimer: A Delicate Test for Dispersion Models
Authors: Juanes Marcos , Usabiaga Imanol , León Iker , Evangelisti Luca , Fernández José A. , Lesarri Alberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cyclohexanol homodimer acts as a delicate test model of the role of dispersion forces in intermolecular association. Whereas phenol produces a single dimer, the suppression of π interactions and the larger conformational flexibility in cyclohexanol results in multiple isomerism, with six competing dimers of the free molecule being observed in a supersonic jet expansion. Rotational spectroscopy reveals accurate structural data, specifically the formation of homo‐ and heterochiral diastereoisomers and the presence of both equatorial and axial forms in the dimers. Four dispersion‐corrected density‐functional molecular orbital calculations were tested against the experiment, with B3LYP‐D3(BJ) offering good structural reproducibility with an Alrich's triple‐ζ basis set. However, the prediction of the dimer energetics is largely model‐dependent, thus offering a testbed for the validation of dispersion‐corrected computational models.
Quantum Dot‐Catalyzed Photoreductive Removal of Sulfonyl‐Based Protecting Groups
Authors: Perez Kaitlyn A. , Rogers Cameron R. , Weiss Emily A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis Communication describes the use of CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as photocatalysts for the reductive deprotection of aryl sulfonyl‐protected phenols. For a series of aryl sulfonates with electron‐withdrawing substituents, the rate of deprotection for the corresponding phenyl aryl sulfonates increases with decreasing electrochemical potential for the two electron transfers within the catalytic cycle. The rate of deprotection for a substrate that contains a carboxylic acid, a known QD‐binding group, is accelerated by more than a factor of ten from that expected from the electrochemical potential for the transformation, a result that suggests that formation of metastable electron donor–acceptor complexes provides a significant kinetic advantage. This deprotection method does not perturb the common NHBoc or toluenesulfonyl protecting groups and, as demonstrated with an estrone substrate, does not perturb proximate ketones, which are generally vulnerable to many chemical reduction methods used for this class of reactions.
CuII/TEMPO‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)–H Alkynylation of Tertiary Cyclic Amines through Shono‐Type Oxidation
Authors: Gao Pei‐Sen , Weng Xin‐Jun , Wang Zhen‐Hua , Zheng Chao , Sun Bing , Chen Zhi‐Hao , You Shu‐Li , Mei Tian‐Sheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel strategy for asymmetric Shono‐type oxidative cross‐coupling has been developed by merging copper catalysis and electrochemistry, affording C1‐alkynylated tetrahydroisoquinolines with good to excellent enantioselectivity. The use of TEMPO as a co‐catalytic redox mediator is crucial not only for oxidizing a tetrahydroisoquinoline to an iminium ion species but also for decreasing the oxidation potential of the reaction. A novel bisoxazoline ligand is also reported.
Chemical‐Reductant‐Free Electrochemical Deuteration Reaction using Deuterium Oxide
Authors: Liu Xu , Liu Ruoyu , Qiu Jiaxing , Cheng Xu , Li Guigen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report a method for the electrochemical deuteration of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds under catalyst‐ and external‐reductant‐free conditions, with deuteration rates as high as 99 % and yields up to 91 % in 2 h. The use of graphite felt for both the cathode and the anode was key to ensuring chemoselectivity and high deuterium incorporation under neutral conditions without the need for an external reductant. This method has a number of advantages over previously reported deuteration reactions that use stoichiometric metallic reductants. Mechanistic experiments showed that O2 evolution at the anode not only eliminates the need for an external reductant but also regulates the pH of the reaction mixture, keeping it approximately neutral.
Stereoselective Electro‐2‐deoxyglycosylation from Glycals
Authors: Liu Miao , Liu Kai‐Meng , Xiong De‐Cai , Zhang Hanyu , Li Tian , Li Bohan , Qin Xianjin , Bai Jinhe , Ye Xin‐Shan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report a novel and highly stereoselective electro‐2‐deoxyglycosylation from glycals. This method features excellent stereoselectivity, scope, and functional‐group tolerance. This process can also be applied to the modification of a wide range of natural products and drugs. Furthermore, a scalable synthesis of glycosylated podophyllotoxin and a one‐pot trisaccharide synthesis through iterative electroglycosylations were achieved.
Rapid Capillary‐Assisted Solution Printing of Perovskite Nanowire Arrays Enables Scalable Production of Photodetectors
Authors: Pan Shuang , Zou Haiyang , Wang Aurelia C. , Wang Zewei , Yu Jiwoo , Lan Chuntao , Liu Qiliang , Wang Zhong Lin , Lian Tianquan , Peng Juan , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite recent progress in producing perovskite nanowires (NWs) for optoelectronics, it remains challenging to solution‐print an array of NWs with precisely controlled position and orientation. Herein, we report a robust capillary‐assisted solution printing (CASP) strategy to rapidly access aligned and highly crystalline perovskite NW arrays. The key to the CASP approach lies in the integration of capillary‐directed assembly through periodic nanochannels and solution printing through the programmably moving substrate to rapidly guide the deposition of perovskite NWs. The growth kinetics of perovskite NWs was closely examined by in situ optical microscopy. Intriguingly, the as‐printed perovskite NWs array exhibit excellent optical and optoelectronic properties and can be conveniently implemented for the scalable fabrication of photodetectors.
Layer by layer surface engineering of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles for plasmid DNA delivery
Authors: San Juan Angela Michelle T. , Rodgers Tina , Bedolla Carlos , Noriega Francesca , Romero Gabriela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe administration of exogenous DNA has been proposed as a promising therapeutic approach for a variety of diseases. Unfortunately, exogenous DNA is unable to spontaneously penetrate mammalian cells. Although viral vectors facilitate DNA delivery at high transfection efficiency, they are restricted for in vivo applications as they could potentially induce immunogenicity and mutagenesis. To overcome the clinical challenge of viral delivery, a strategy for the encapsulation of plasmid DNA on the surface of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) is shown. Plasmid green fluorescence protein (pEF‐GFP) or piggybac transposon (PBCAG‐eGFP) are assembled on the surface of PLGA NPs through layer by layer technique. The assembly of pEF‐GFP with biopolyelectrolytes is monitored on a planar support using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. The assembly of the biopolymer multilayers on PLGA NPs is followed by ζ‐potential measurements. Encapsulation of plasmid DNA within the multilayers coating is confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Cellular uptake studies on HEK293 cells revealed that PLGA NPs are taken up by cells within the first 5 hr of co‐culturing. Intracellular release of cargo is confirmed by GFP expression in HEK293 cells. PLGA NPs encapsulating pEF‐GFP on their surface are able to transfect ~20% of HEK293 cells, while those encapsulating PBCAG‐eGFP can transfect up to 75% of cells after 72 hr, causing minimum to non‐cytotoxic effects.
Evaluation of inhibitor of apoptosis genes as targets for RNAi‐mediated control of insect pests
Authors: Yoon June‐Sun , Koo Jinmo , George Smitha , Palli Subba R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractApoptosis has been widely studied from mammals to insects. Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein is a negative regulator of apoptosis. Recent studies suggest that iap genes could be excellent targets for RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated control of insect pests. However, not much is known about iap genes in one of the well‐known insect model species, Tribolium castaneum. The orthologues of five iap genes were identified in T. castaneum by searching its genome at NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and UniProt (https://www.uniprot.org/) databases using Drosophila melanogaster and Aedes aegypti IAP protein sequences as queries. RNAi assays were performed in T. castaneum cell line (TcA) and larvae. The knockdown of iap1 gene induced a distinct apoptotic phenotype in TcA cells and induced 91% mortality in T. castaneum larvae. Whereas, knockdown of iap5 resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation in TcA cells and developmental defects in T. castaneum larvae which led to 100% mortality. Knockdown of the other three iap genes identified did not cause a significant effect on cells or insects. These data increase our understanding of iap genes in insects and provide opportunities for developing iap1 and iap5 as targets for RNAi‐based insect pest control.
Development of RNAi methods to control the harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica
Authors: Howell Jeffrey L. , Mogilicherla Kanakachari , Gurusamy Dhandapani , Palli Subba Reddy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe harlequin bug (HB), Murgantia histrionica, is a major pest of cabbage family plants throughout its range in the United States. RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism that is showing promise as a biopesticide due to the ability to target species‐specific genes necessary for growth and/or survival with synthetic double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). In the present study, dsRNA stability assays revealed that nucleases present in the saliva of harlequin bugs did not rapidly degrade dsRNA. We tracked the movement and localization of radioactively labeled dsRNA in both mustard plant seedlings and harlequin bug nymphs that fed on treated host plants. Movement of 32P‐labeled‐dsRNA from soil to plant and plant to insect was detected. The efficacy of RNAi in inducing mortality in harlequin bug adults and nymphs injected or fed with dsRNA targeting inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), ATPase N2B (ATPase), serine/threonine‐protein phosphatase PP1‐β catalytic subunit (PP1), signal recognition particle 54 kDa protein (SRP), and G protein-coupled receptor 161-like (GPCR) genes was evaluated. Injection of dsRNA targeting candidate genes into adults caused between 40% and 75% mortality and induced significant knockdown of target gene expression. Feeding dsRNA targeting the IAP gene to nymphs by plant‐mediated and droplet feeding methods induced knockdown of the target gene and caused 40–55% mortality. These findings suggest that RNAi may be a viable approach for managing this pest.
Antiproliferative effects of chalcones on T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia‐derived cells: Role of PKCβ
Authors: Corsini Emanuela , Facchetti Giorgio , Esposito Sara , Maddalon Ambra , Rimoldi Isabella , Christodoulou Michael S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a series of 20 chalcone derivatives was synthesized, and their antiproliferative activity was tested against the human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia‐derived cell line, CCRF‐CEM. On the basis of the structural features of the most active compounds, a new library of chalcone derivatives, according to the structure–activity relationship design, was synthesized, and their antiproliferative activity was tested against the same cancer cell line. Furthermore, four of these derivatives (compounds 3, 4, 8, 28), based on lower IC50 values (between 6.1 and 8.9 μM), were selected for further investigation regarding the modulation of the protein expression of RACK1 (receptor for activated C kinase), protein kinase C (PKC)α and PKCβ, and their action on the cell cycle level. The cell cycle analysis indicated a block in the G0/G1 phase for all four compounds, with a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase, with no indication of apoptosis (sub‐G0/G1 phase). Compounds 4 and 8 showed a statistically significant reduction in the expression of PKCα and an increase in PKCβ, which together with the demonstration of an antiproliferative role of PKCβ, as assessed by treating cells with a selective PKCβ activator, indicated that the observed antiproliferative effect is likely to be mediated through PKCβ induction.
Hierarchical Equations of Motion Simulation of Temperature‐Dependent Two‐Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of the Chlorophyll a Manifold in LHCII
Authors: Leng Xuan , Do Thanh Nhut , Akhtar Parveen , Nguyen Hoang Long , Lambrev Petar H. , Tan Howe‐Siang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe simulated two‐dimensional electronic spectra (2DES) of the chlorophyll a manifold of light‐harvesting complex II (LHCII) at various temperatures (77, 110, 150, 190, 230, 273, and 293 K) using the hierarchical equations of the motion‐phase matching approach. We confirm the main excitation energy transfer pathways assignments within the chlorophyll a manifold of LHCII measured in a recent work (J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123, 6765–6775). The calculated transfer rates are also in general agreement with the measured rates. We also provided theoretical confirmation for the experimental assignments, as uphill and downhill energy transfer processes, of 2D spectral features that were reported in recent experimental reports. These temperature‐dependent features were also ascertained to follow the detailed‐balance principle.
Mucus blocks probiotics but increases penetration of motile pathogens and induces TNF‐α and IL‐8 secretion
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Raman Vishnu , Lee Jungwoo , Forbes Neil S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mucosal barrier in combination with innate immune system are the first line of defense against luminal bacteria at the intestinal mucosa. Dysfunction of the mucus layer and bacterial infiltration are linked to tissue inflammation and disease. To study host–bacterial interactions at the mucosal interface, we created an experimental model that contains luminal space, a mucus layer, an epithelial layer, and suspended immune cells. Reconstituted porcine small intestinal mucus formed an 880 ± 230 µm thick gel layer and had a porous structure. In the presence of mucus, sevenfold less probiotic and nonmotile VSL#3 bacteria transmigrated across the epithelial barrier compared to no mucus. The higher bacterial transmigration caused immune cell differentiation and increased the concentration of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α; p < .01). Surprisingly, the mucus layer increased transmigration of pathogenic Salmonella and increased secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐8 (p < .05). Nonmotile, flagella knockout Salmonella had lower transmigration and caused lower IL‐8 and TNF‐α secretion (p < .05). These results demonstrate that motility enables pathogenic bacteria to cross the mucus and epithelial layers, which could lead to infection. Using an in vitro coculture platform to understand the interactions of bacteria with the intestinal mucosa has the potential to improve the treatment of intestinal diseases.
Characterizing students' arguments and explanations of a discipline‐based computational modeling activity
Authors: Lyon Joseph A. , Fennell Hayden W. , Magana Alejandra J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComputational modeling is an essential and growing topic of interest in engineering and STEM education, in general. In this paper, a case study of a course targeting first‐year materials science and engineering students is overviewed to investigate student arguments when explaining their implementation and understanding of their computational models. The presented study used argumentation to characterize the varied ways students interpreted and explained their computational models. Student solutions to a computational modeling activity were coded for argumentation characteristics and errors. The results indicate the various errors that were commonly found when students explained their computational models, as well as patterns of appropriate arguments. The analysis demonstrates the nature of the relationship between argumentation and the modeling processes. The use of an argumentation rubric demonstrates the usefulness of such assessment tools for computational modeling assignments.
Electric field stress determination tool for MV insulation system models
Authors: Szafraniak Bartlomiej , Fusnik Lukasz , Bonk Michal , Smugala Dariusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe evolution of teaching methods concerned with electrical engineering enables the development of new measurement stands or the improvement of existing educational methods. The advancement in engineering equipment is affecting the formation of new methodologies in teaching. Nevertheless, new educational techniques should be implemented by taking into account understanding of a physical basis of studied phenomena. This goal may be achieved via a combination of practical exercises conducted on testing stands, during evaluation, by means of modern computerized tools. In this paper, we described the combination of a numeric study of electric field (EF) distribution and an improved analog method analysis performed on an educational set‐up. For an effective understanding of technical problems of high‐voltage (HV) and medium‐voltage technology, the presented educational tool combines an experimental method of EF equipotential line mapping and EF strength determination with an improved analog method of EF strength inside the HV insulation system, which is determined by means of differential equation calculation implemented on the developed software. For fast verification of the results, computer simulations were applied. It allows for presenting the strong and weak points of both used methods. Analyzed models reproducing real devices were built on different scales; thus, achieved results reflect the real values and may be used for study help during seminars.