bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
English for specific purpose through facilitated and nonfacilitated MOOCs: An analysis of the learners' perspectives
Authors: Safdar Muhammad , Yasmin Musarat , Anwar Behzad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have gained attention from learners and teachers across the globe, but high dropout rate is a matter of concern, which makes it imperative to understand the reasons. From the theoretical perspective that learners learn more effectively through collaborative and socially cohesive communities, this qualitative study is focused to understand how learners experience facilitated and nonfacilitated MOOCs. It attempts to explore learners' perspectives from two different groups of learners learning the same MOOC of English for journalism. One of the groups is facilitated for the first week of the course by instructors through face‐to‐face interactions, whereas the other is not. The perspectives of the learners from both groups regarding their experiences are analyzed through comparative and contrastive thematic analysis of the data collected through participant observation and semistructured interviews of focus groups selected through purposive sampling technique. Though learning the same ESP MOOC, the learners (18–35 in age; all of them university students), register partly similar and largely contrastive learning experiences across the facilitated and nonfacilitated MOOC environments. It is found that the learners, when facilitated, develop a stronger sense of belongingness, accountability, responsibility, peer competition, networking, and solution of issues, which results in retention of the learners. This study foregrounds the effectiveness of hybrid MOOCs, in terms of retention and satisfaction of learners.
Magnetically driven microfluidics for isolation of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Luo Laan , He Yongqing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) largely contribute to cancer metastasis and show potential prognostic significance in cancer isolation and detection. Miniaturization has progressed significantly in the last decade which in turn enabled the development of several microfluidic systems. The microfluidic systems offer a controlled microenvironment for studies of fundamental cell biology, resulting in the rapid development of microfluidic isolation of CTCs. Due to the inherent ability of magnets to provide forces at a distance, the technology of CTCs isolation based on the magnetophoresis mechanism has become a routine methodology. This historical review aims to introduce two principles of magnetic isolation and recent techniques, facilitating research in this field and providing alternatives for researchers in their study of magnetic isolation. Researchers intend to promote effective CTC isolation and analysis as well as active development of next‐generation cancer treatment. The first part of this review summarizes the primary principles based on positive and negative magnetophoretic isolation and describes the metrics for isolation performance. The second part presents a detailed overview of the factors that affect the performance of CTC magnetic isolation, including the magnetic field sources, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic fluids, and magnetically driven microfluidic systems.
Bridging the Gap: Plant‐Endophyte Interactions as a Roadmap to Understanding Small‐Molecule Communication in Marine Microbiomes
Authors: Samples Robert M. , Balunas Marcy J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProbing the composition of the microbiome and its association with health and disease states is more accessible than ever due to the rise of affordable sequencing technology. Despite advances in our ability to identify members of symbiont communities, untangling the chemical signaling that they use to communicate with host organisms remains challenging. In order to gain a greater mechanistic understanding of how the microbiome impacts health, and how chemical ecology can be leveraged to advance small‐molecule drug discovery from microorganisms, the principals governing communication between host and symbiont must be elucidated. Herein, we review common modes of interkingdom small‐molecule communication in terrestrial and marine environments, describe the differences between these environments, and detail the advantages and disadvantages for studies focused on the marine environment. Finally, we propose the use of plant‐endophyte interactions as a stepping stone to a greater understanding of similar interactions in marine invertebrates, and ultimately in humans.
Evolution of Glucose Dehydrogenase for Cofactor Regeneration in Bioredox Processes with Denaturing Agents
Authors: Qian Wen‐Zhuo , Ou Ling , Li Chun‐Xiu , Pan Jiang , Xu Jian‐He , Chen Qi , Zheng Gao‐Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is a general tool for driving nicotinamide (NAD(P)H) regeneration in synthetic biochemistry. An increasing number of synthetic bioreactions are carried out in media containing high amounts of organic cosolvents or hydrophobic substrates/products, which often denature native enzymes, including those for cofactor regeneration. In this work, we attempted to improve the chemical stability of Bacillus megaterium GDH (BmGDHM0) in the presence of large amounts of 1‐phenylethanol by directed evolution. Among the resulting mutants, BmGDHM6 (Q252L/E170K/S100P/K166R/V72I/K137R) exhibited a 9.2‐fold increase in tolerance against 10 % (v/v) 1‐phenylethanol. Moreover, BmGDHM6 was also more stable than BmGDHM0 when exposed to hydrophobic and enzyme‐inactivating compounds such as acetophenone, ethyl 2‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate, and ethyl (R)‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylbutyrate. Coupled with a Candida glabrata carbonyl reductase, BmGDHM6 was successfully used for the asymmetric reduction of deactivating ethyl 2‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate with total turnover number of 1800 for the nicotinamide cofactor, thus making it attractive for commercial application. Overall, the evolution of chemically robust GDH facilitates its wider use as a general tool for NAD(P)H regeneration in biocatalysis.
Effect of adding acid‐soluble wheat protein to dough on quality stabilization of products in bread‐making
Authors: Arai Chiaki , Hirose Rieko , Tozaki Mikiko , Nakamura Satoshi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Suzuki Minoru , Miyamori Kiyokatsu , Noguchi Tomohiro , Takano Katsumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgrounds and objectivesTime differences in processing with mechanized bread‐making cause changes in the rheological properties of dough. The effect of the addition of acid‐soluble wheat protein (ASP), mainly composed of gliadin, on these changes was examined.FindingsBread rolls were prepared from the same batch of dough in two different floor times. The shape of bread rolls became wider when the floor time was extended to 40 min compared with the normal time of 20 min. The addition of ASP to dough (0.5% or 0.75%) led to a reduction in the influence of the time difference. The stress applied to the sheeting roller in the molding process increased with extended floor times, although this was suppressed by the addition of ASP. Farinograph and extensigraph results as well as the results of the microstructure analysis performed using a scanning electron microscope showed that the addition of ASP to dough favorably changed the gluten network structure.ConclusionsIn mechanized bread‐making, the addition of ASP contributed to the uniformity of the product quality by suppressing changes in the rheological properties of dough during production.Significance and noveltyThe results revealed that the addition of ASP could potentially provide industrial uniformity to various bread products in mechanized bread‐making.
New‐onset atrial fibrillation in a young patient detected by smartwatch
Authors: Samal Subhankar , Singhania Namrata , Bansal Saurabh , Sahoo Anuradha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (Afib) is associated with 15%‐25% of strokes. Wearable devices like Apple watch can generate an electrocardiogram and can increase detection of Afib in general population. Early diagnosis and treatment can decrease the risk of strokes.
Synthesis of Light Hydrocarbons from Biogas and Hydrogen: Investigation of a Fe‐Mn‐K/MgO Catalyst
Authors: Dietrich Sebastian , Nieß Selina , Rönsch Stefan , Kraume Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFischer‐Tropsch synthesis of the CO2 in biogas aims at producing light hydrocarbons and increasing its calorific value for feeding into the grid. Fe catalysts with Mn and K as promoters are supposed to yield high amounts of light hydrocarbons. Using a Fe‐Mn‐K/MgO catalyst, a parameter screening and long‐term experiments were carried out. The catalyst shows, within the examined range, the highest selectivity to C2–C4 hydrocarbons at 450 °C, 8 bar(a), and a gas hourly space velocity of 350 h−1. Calcination of the catalyst resulted in a significant drop of activity and an almost complete loss of selectivity to hydrocarbons. Admixture of steam to the reactant gas lowers the tendency to carbon deposition but also promotes the water‐gas shift reaction and results in lower yields of hydrocarbons.
Photocytotoxicity of Oligothienyl‐Functionalized Chelates That Sensitize LnIIILuminescence and Generate1O2
Authors: Johnson Katherine R. , Lombardi Vincent C. , de Bettencourt‐Dias Ana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree new compounds containing a heptadentate lanthanide (LnIII) ion chelator functionalized with oligothiophenes,nThept(COOH)4(n=1, 2, or 3), were isolated. Their LnIIIcomplexes not only display the characteristic metal‐centered emission in the visible or near‐infrared (NIR) but also generate singlet oxygen (1O2). Luminescence efficiencies (ϕLn) for [Eu1Thept(COO)4]−and [Eu2Thept(COO)4]−areϕEu=3 % and 0.5 % in TRIS buffer and 33 % and 3 % in 95 % ethanol, respectively.3Thept(COO)44−does not sensitize EuIIIemission due to its low‐lying triplet state. Near infra‐red (NIR) luminescence is observed for all NIR‐emitting LnIIIand ligands with efficiencies ofϕYb=0.002 %, 0.005 % and 0.04 % for [YbnThept(COO)4]−(n=1, 2, or 3), andϕNd=0.0007 %, 0.002 % and 0.02 % for [NdnThept(COO)4]−(n=1, 2, or 3) in TRIS buffer. In 95 % ethanol, quantum yields of NIR luminescence increase and areϕYb=0.5 %, 0.31 % and 0.05 % for [YbnThept(COO)4]−(n=1, 2, or 3), andϕNd=0.40 %, 0.45 % and 0.12 % for [NdnThept(COO)4]−(n=1, 2, or 3). All complexes are capable of generating1O2in 95 % ethanol withϕ1Ο2efficiencies which range from 2 % to 29 %. These complexes are toxic to HeLa cells when irradiated with UV light (λexc=365 nm) for two minutes. IC50values for the LnIIIcomplexes are in the range 15.2–16.2 μm; the most potent compound is [Nd2Thept(COO)4]−. The cell death mechanisms are further explored using an Annexin V—propidium iodide assay which suggests that cell death occurs through both apoptosis and necrosis.
Color vision testing in children
Authors: Tekavčič Pompe Manca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColor vision is an important part of visual processing and as such, it often needs to be evaluated in the pediatric population. The information on a child's color vision status can often be a very important additional clue in establishing the correct clinical diagnosis. The basic principles of color vision are discussed in this review, as well as congenital and acquired color vision deficiencies. The emphasis is on the evaluation of color vision, especially clinically applicable color vision tests suitable for testing children above the age of 3 years.
Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in COVID‐19 Patients in China: An Active Monitoring Study by Hospital Pharmacovigilance System
Authors: Sun Ji , Deng Xuanyu , Chen Xiaoping , Huang Juanjuan , Huang Siqiong , Li Yanfei , Feng Jinhui , Liu Jiyang , He Gefei 
Published: April 2020

To evaluate the incidence, type, and risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) by Hospital Pharmacovigilance System (CHPS). A retrospective analysis was performed on 217 patients with COVID‐19 admitted to the First Hospital of Changsha in China, from January 17, 2020, to February 29, 2020. The active monitoring model in CHPS was used to detect ADR signals of the hospital information system. The risk factors for the ADRs were classified using the World Health Organization‐Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO‐UMC) system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out to analyze the risk factors of ADRs. Our results showed that the prevalence of ADRs was 37.8% in the patients, which was predominated by drug‐induced gastrointestinal disorders and liver system disorders (23.0% vs. 13.8%). The ADR could be explained by the use of lopinavir/ ritonavir and umifenovir by 63.8% and 18.1%, respectively. There were 96.8% of ADRs that occurred within 14 days of hospitalization. Multivariable analysis showed that length of stay (odds ratio (OR): 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–3.96; P = 0.04), number of drugs used in the hospital (OR: 3.17; 95% CI 1.60–6.27; P = 0.001) and underlying basic diseases (OR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.02–4.23; P = 0.04) were independent risk factor for ADRs in the patients. Together, the incidence of ADRs was significantly high during the treatment period. Moreover, the active monitoring of the CHPS system reflected ADRs during COVID‐19 treatment in the real world, which provided reference for safe medication in the clinic.
Bioderived Molecular Electrodes for Next‐Generation Energy‐Storage Materials
Authors: Miroshnikov Mikhail , Mahankali Kiran , Thangavel Naresh Kumar , Satapathy Sitakanta , Arava Leela Mohana Reddy , Ajayan Pulickel M. , John George 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of George John at the City College of New York–CUNY, Leela R. Arava at Wayne State University, and Pulickel Ajayan at Rice University. The image portraits future prospects of bioderived molecular electrodes for next‐generation energy‐storage materials. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201903589.
Printed dual‐band base station antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS and LTE applications with dual polarization
Authors: Mohammadifar Maryam , Mohammadi Pejman , Zehforoosh Yashar 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA new design of the dual‐band and dual‐polarized base station antennas for supporting the mobile communication systems operating at the GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS and LTE frequency bands is presented. A wide input impedance matching bandwidth is achieved due to a trident‐shaped feeding technique. Two printed dipoles, which are located perpendicularly to each other and fed by stepped‐microstrip lines, establish the proposed antenna. In addition, by locating a low‐profile cavity‐backed structure, as a metal reflector under the antenna, bidirectional radiations of the dipoles are switched to unidirectional radiations with an increase in the gain of the antenna. Measurement results indicate that the proposed antenna is suitable for base station applications at the operating frequencies of 800/900/1800/1900/2300 MHz. The isolation is better than 20 dB, and peak gains of 10.08 and 9.96 dBi are attained at port‐1 and port‐2, respectively. Furthermore, the HPBWs of the antenna in H‐plane is more than 61° for each port. The overall dimension of the antenna is 168 × 168 mm2, which is mounted upon a 222 × 222 mm2 cavity‐backed structure with a depth of 42 mm.
Model selection for the North American Breeding Bird Survey
Authors: Link William A. , Sauer John R. , Niven Daniel K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) provides data that can be used in complex, multiscale analyses of population change, while controlling for scale‐specific nuisance factors. Many alternative models can be fit to the data, but most model selection procedures are not appropriate for hierarchical models. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV), in which relative model fit is assessed by omitting an observation and assessing the prediction of a model fit using the remainder of the data, provides a reasonable approach for assessing models, but is time consuming and not feasible to apply for all observations in large data sets. We report the first large‐scale formal model selection for BBS data, applying LOOCV to stratified random samples of observations from BBS data. Our results are for 548 species of North American birds, comparing the fit of four alternative models that differ in year effect structures and in descriptions of extra‐Poisson overdispersion. We use a hierarchical model among species to evaluate posterior probabilities that models are best for individual species. Models in which differences in year effects are conditionally independent (D models) were generally favored over models in which year effects are modeled by a slope parameter and a random year effect (S models), and models in which extra‐Poisson overdispersion effects are independent and t‐distributed (H models) tended to be favored over models where overdispersion was independent and normally distributed. Our conclusions lead us to recommend a change from the conventional S model to D and H models for the vast majority of species (544/548). Comparison of estimated population trends based on the favored model relative to the S model currently used for BBS summaries indicates no consistent differences in estimated trends. Of the 18 species that showed large differences in estimated trends between models, estimated trends from the default S model were more extreme, reflecting the influence of the slope parameter in that model for species that are undergoing large population changes. WAIC, a computationally simpler alternative to LOOCV, does not appear to be a reliable alternative to LOOCV.
Trust data collections via vehicles joint with unmanned aerial vehicles in the smart Internet of Things
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Wei , Wang Tian , Ming Zhao , Li Xiong , Ma Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to their mobile character, ground vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are currently being considered as sensing devices that can collect data in the Internet of Things (IoT). Building and enhancing trust and security environments in data collection processes are fundamental and essential requirements. Here, we proposed a novel scheme named “Trust Data Collections via Vehicles joint with UAVs in the Smart Internet of Things” (T‐SIoTs scheme), which targets to establish a trust‐based environment for data collections by utilizing both trust vehicles and UAVs. First, to optimize security aspect, data center (DC) selected trust‐based vehicles as mobile data collectors via analyzing and digging historical datasets. To promise coverage regions of data collections, several static stations are established, which can be utilized as static data collectors. Second, UAVs are arranged by the DC to collect data stored by both trust‐based vehicles and static data collectors. In the T‐SIoTs scheme, trajectories of UAVs are designed according to shortest‐distance‐first routing scheme. Comprehensive theoretical analyses and experiments have been provided to evaluate and support the T‐SIoTs scheme. Compared with the previous studies, the T‐SIoTs scheme can improve the security ratio by 46.133% to 54.60% approximately. And with the routing scheme, the energy consumptions of UAVs can be reduced by 46.93% approximately.
Adaptation and evaluation of a nutrition and physical activity program for early childhood education settings in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in remote Far North Queensland
Authors: Murtha Kirby , Thompson Kani , Cleland Phoebe , Gallegos Danielle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssue addressedGood nutrition, physical activity and adequate sleep are essential for the healthy growth and development of young children. Due to complex cultural, historical, social factors, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children face additional challenges to optimal health, particularly in remote areas of Australia. ‘Learning, Eating, Active Play and Sleep’ (LEAPS) was a Queensland‐wide professional development program designed to support early childhood education and care (ECEC) educators to implement and reinforce healthy nutrition and physical activity in their services. This article describes the adaptation, implementation and evaluation of LEAPS for remote ECEC settings in Cape York.MethodsAn Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Reference Group was commissioned to provide advice about the appropriateness of the existing program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ECEC settings. Based on the advice of the Reference Group, the program was adapted for use in Cape York and was evaluated using the RE‐AIM framework and a combination of data sources. Quantitative data provided information about changes to participant knowledge and confidence regarding nutrition and physical activity and in‐depth interviews allowed further insights into enablers and challenges for successful program implementation.ConclusionA tailored LEAPS program increased participants' knowledge and confidence regarding nutrition and physical activity in ECEC settings. The importance of community consultation, building relationships and face‐to‐face delivery of training were highlighted as key enablers. The evaluation identified a number of challenges relating to competing priorities, limited support for ongoing implementation and adoption of improved practices.So what?Poor nutrition and growth in children in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities indicates the need for the ongoing commitment to and investment in nutrition and physical activity across a range of community settings. To achieve success, this requires a dedicated preventative health workforce supporting evidence‐informed, coordinated programs driven by community priorities and developed via community development approaches.
Flow visualization of Rayleigh–Bénard convection for cubical cavity
Authors: Vekamulla Narayana , Rani Hari Ponnamma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNatural convective flow of air inside the cubical cavity is investigated numerically. The temperature of the bottom wall is kept higher than that of top cold wall, and other four walls are assumed to be adiabatic. Attention has been paid to the convective discretization schemes, like upwind, QUICK, total variation diminishing, normalized variable diagram (NVD) schemes that are compared with respect to accuracy. The output is validated with respect to the results available in the literature. A parallel computing message passing interface code is adapted to run the simulations. From the results, it is observed that the NVD scheme gives better results among all the employed convective discretization schemes irrespective of the mesh structure. Thus, in this article, self filtered central differencing which is a family of NVD, is used. From the enormous output data, along with the streamlines, contours of isotherms, the new technique of energy pathlines, and field synergy are used to visualize the fluid flow and heat transfer mechanism arising in the system in the range of Ra from 103 to 106. Free energy streamlines are observed with small Ra, whereas trapped energy streamlines are observed with high Ra. When Ra increases, synergy angle increases and implies that the synergy between the velocity vector and temperature gradient gets reduced and leads to increasing values of average Nusselt number (Nu).