bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and load regulation of photovoltaic solar energy conversion system using internet of things
Authors: Rajababu Durgam , Arabelli Rajeshwarrao , Sucharitha P , Rajeshwar Reddy K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Worldwide, all the countries looking towards the renewable energy based electrical power generation. The solar energy is the primary renewable energy source. In the photovoltaic solar energy conversion system (PVSECS), the electrical energy is generated from the solar energy. In the rural area, operation and maintenance of PVSECS is difficult. If the systems are monitored through online, only under repairing conditions, the respective expert will visit the plant and it reduces the operating cost. In this paper, presents the maximum power point tracking is maintained by controller (ESP32), light dependent resistors, and DC servomotors with driver circuit. The load is regulated by the controller using relays and the data send to the cloud. This data is useful for the online monitoring of the system. A prototype of PVSECS is developed and its simulation results also presented in various conditions.
Effect of electric field on movement of conducting particles in single phase GIB
Authors: Subrahmanyam KBVSR , Reddy Ravula Shashi Kumar , Deshmukh Ram , Joshi P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Usually, the electric field can be determined for a simple physical system using analytical method in a GIB. But for a complex system, it is very complicated to find out and so, numerical methods like FDM, FEM, CSM are employed. Movement pattern i.epeak radial movement simulation done for Al and Cu particles for field calculation using CSM for levels of voltages namely 75kV, 100kV, 132kV, 145kV, in a 1-&#x03D5; GIB.For Simulating Aluminium and Copper particles movement, peak radial and axial movements needs thorough particle dynamics understanding. Simulation is done by taking into accountmany forces like drag, gravitational and the forces of electrostatic in nature on particle and a mathematical modelling was done. Detailed analysis was made, and, in this paper, all the results of simulation are shown.
Frequency stability of interconnected power systems using atom search optimization algorithm
Authors: Shiva Chandan Kumar , Vedik B. , Kumar Ritesh , Sravan Kumar K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the dynamic controller design issue for load frequency control (LFC) of a practical interconnected power system model. In view of this, the three-degree-of-freedom proportional-integral-derivative (3DOF-PID) controller architecture and LFC performance analysis for the proposed atom search optimization (ASO) is presented. The consistency of the form and acceptability of the well-known PID controller’s responses ultimately enforces to use in this work. The proposed ASO algorithm efficiently combines search space discovery and exploitation that yield promising solutions at the termination condition. The test system investigated is a four-area model with each region consisting of identical thermal unit. The system is also connected in one area with an interline power flow controller. The simulation results presented showed the superiority of ASO based 3DOF-PID controller in terms of settling time, peak variance, and magnitude of oscillation.
Design, Analysis and Tuning of an Optimal Controller for an AVR: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Sahoo Dr. Satyabrata , Mahesh Dr. V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Terminal voltage of the generator keeps changing when there is a mismatch between generator supply and load demand. Particularly when load increases terminal voltage of the generator decreases. This problem can be mitigated by the use of reactive power but it leads to the damage of stator winding. To overcome this Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is used. But it is not robust. To enhance the stability and working of an AVR system, an optimal PID controller is used. In this paper, a combination of Bacteria Foraging (BF) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used for regulating the strictures of PID controller of an AVR to get the better optimization parameter values. The performance of the algorithm is studied using MATLAB and is equated with the Bacterial Foraging algorithm and Particle swarm Optimization. Simulation outcome evidently clarify that the suggested approach is very effective and efficient as compared to further population centered global optimization algorithms.
Design of PV Array Using Boost Converter by Incremental Conductance Mppt Power Technique
Authors: Anitha S , Vinay Kumar Reddy Ch. , Balaram G , Ranadheer Reddy G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The increasing demand of future power requirements Photovoltaic (pv) systems to be a better alternatives. At present situation sunlight has huge priority. It is freely available resource for power production. The output of this system is subjected to change in the sunlight and temperature. To grasp more energy from the solar array the MPPT can play the crucial function in photovoltaic systems. MPPT is mainly raise the productivity of Photovoltaic system. This paper presents the design of pv array using step-up chopper by MPPT technique.
Palm print Biometric Authentication System for Security Applications
Authors: Dappuri Bhasker , Srija Vidadala , Dhanne Basava 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Biometric technology can offer better protection improved accuracy to protect personal classifications and very access control problems. This has turned into a developing innovation as of late because of the exchange fakes, security ruptures and personal identification and so forth. It gives each person a special code that can not be repeated or produced by anyone, and the splendour of biometric invention. These mechanisms are commonly accepted in the networking society and are replacing passwords and keys due to their trustworthiness, their simplicity and the steady increase in protection requests. We have here implemented an extraordinary protected palm print identification method with removal from region of interest ( ROI), using a morphological process, using the use of an undecimedbiorthogonal wavelet (UDBW) to eliminate the low-level features of the included palm prints to create its relevant features (FV) to resolve the drawbacks of a single fingerprint identification system.
A Survey on Fresh Produce Grading Algorithms Using Machine Learning And Image Processing Techniques
Authors: AmeethaJunaina Mrs. T K , Ebenezer Abishek Dr. B , Rajendren Dr. Vr , Mohammed Dr. Shakir , Sathish Kumar Dr. P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy. Automation in the agriculture field helps to improve productivity and economic growth. The export market for fresh produce requires fast and reliable fruit and vegetable quality detection techniques. The traditional manual system of quality assessment is a time consuming and tedious task which is more prone to error. The goal of supply-chain management is to add product value by maintaining quality, reduce wastage of fresh produce, retain consumers by keeping customer satisfaction, and increase the profitability. Researches are going on in various domain to develop a fast and reliable automated fruit quality grading system which helps to meet the food value goals of supply-chain. This paper focuses on a detailed survey of the researches being carried out on various techniques used in post-harvest grading of fresh produces using computer vision, image processing and machine learning techniques. Few papers have been reviewed and discussed here pertaining to the above techniques. The advantages and shortcomings of various methods are also mentioned. This comprehensive paper will give researchers a deeper insight to the state of the art technologies in fresh produce grading system.
Animatronic Hand for Collecting Samples From Human-Corona Test
Authors: Perarasi Ms. M. , Vanitha K , Sankamitra R K , Sumathisree A , Vishnu priya K S , Prabavathy D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human-origin corona viruses have proved to be a possible source of acute respiratory tract disease in humans. Their function in the upper respiratory aetiology of kids is not so sure. At least 412 medical professionals were exposed to these diseases. As of April 22For COVID-19, at least 96 physicians & 156 nursing staff in the whole of India positively identified. As at least 826 hospital professionals who had interaction with infectious employees at least 20 hospitals were able to pass much of this virus to patients in the hospital had to avoid these transmissions, we developed an animatronics hand to sample a human. Animation uses mechatronics to create machines that seem to move rather than mechanize. Since the robot body would cost so much, we opted for a shadow hand instead.
A proposal of strong and weak phases in second-order topological insulators
Authors: Komori Shiryu , Kondo Kenji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, it has been discovered theoretically that there exist novel types of 3-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) whose gapless states manifest themselves at 1-dimensional hinges. They are called second-order topological insulators (SOTIs). Most mathematical models of SOTIs compose of conventional strong topological insulators (STIs) and additional mass terms In this paper, we investigate whether the models made based on weak topological insulators (WTIs) can have hinge states as the same as those made based on the STIs. We found that the models based on WTIs have only trivial

Z

2

index determined by the Wilson loop formalism unlike the models based on STIs. However, they can be regarded as stacking of 2-dimensional SOTIs along the z direction. Thus, we propose that there are topologically three different phases in our considering system: ordinary insulator, strong SOTI, and weak SOTI phases. This classification suggests the existence of other topological invariants besides the

Z

2

index. Finally, we propose new indices which can distinguish weak SOTIs from ordinary insulators.
Air Pollution and Risk of Placental Abruption: A Study of Births in New York City, 2008–2014
Authors: Huang Yongmei , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Mittleman Murray A , Ross Zev , Williams Michelle A , Friedman Alexander M , Schwartz Joel , Wapner Ronald J , Ananth Cande V 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the associations of exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) at concentrations of &lt;12 μg/m3, 12–14 μg/m3, and ≥15 μg/m3) and nitrogen dioxide (at concentrations of &lt;26 parts per billion (ppb), 26–29 ppb, and ≥30 ppb) with placental abruption in a prospective cohort study of 685,908 pregnancies in New York, New York (2008–2014). In copollutant analyses, these associations were examined using distributed-lag nonlinear models based on Cox models. The prevalence of abruption was 0.9% (n = 6,025). Compared with a PM2.5 concentration less than 12 μg/m3, women exposed to PM2.5 levels of ≥15 μg/m3 in the third trimester had a higher rate of abruption (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41, 2.00). Compared with a nitrogen dioxide concentration less than 26 ppb, women exposed to nitrogen dioxide levels of 26–29 ppb (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.20) and ≥30 ppb (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.24) in the first trimester had higher rates of abruption. Compared with both PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide levels less than the 95th percentile in the third trimester, rates of abruption were increased with both PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide ≥95th percentile (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.80) and PM2.5 ≥95th percentile and nitrogen dioxide &lt;95th percentile (HR = 1.43 95% CI: 1.23, 1.66). Increased levels of PM2.5 exposure in the third trimester and nitrogen dioxide exposure in the first trimester are associated with elevated rates of placental abruption, suggesting that these exposures may be important triggers of premature placental separation through different pathways.
Desistance in Context: Understanding the Effects of Subculture on the Desistance Process During Reintegration
Authors: Bell Shane , Butler Michelle , Lawther Cheryl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite a growth in desistance research, our understanding of how local external factors may affect the desistance process as people transition from prison to society remains limited. Drawing on qualitative data from two neighbourhoods in Northern Ireland, it is argued that subcultural factors in neighbourhoods can play a key role in influencing desistance during reintegration by shaping the opportunities that individuals have to access, use and sell drugs, their experiences of social integration/exclusion and processes of surveillance and collective efficacy. It is argued that there is a need to better incorporate the effects of local external factors, including subcultural norms and values, into existing desistance theories if we are to fully understand how neighbourhood context can affect desistance during reintegration.
Sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brain
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Vinje Vegard , Pripp Are Hugo , Mardal Kent-Andre , Ringstad Geir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It remains an enigma why human beings spend one-third of their life asleep. Experimental data suggest that sleep is required for clearance of waste products from brain metabolism. This has, however, never been verified in humans. The primary aim of the present study was to examine in vivo whether one night of total sleep deprivation affects molecular clearance from the human brain. Secondarily, we examined whether clearance was affected by subsequent sleep. Multiphase MRI with standardized T1 sequences was performed up to 48 h after intrathecal administration of the contrast agent gadobutrol (0.5 ml of 1 mmol/ml), which served as a tracer molecule. Using FreeSurfer software, we quantified tracer enrichment within 85 brain regions as percentage change from baseline of normalized T1 signals. The cerebral tracer enrichment was compared between two cohorts of individuals; one cohort (n = 7) underwent total sleep deprivation from Day 1 to Day 2 (sleep deprivation group) while an age and gender-matched control group (n = 17; sleep group) was allowed free sleep from Day 1 to Day 2. From Day 2 to 3 all individuals were allowed free sleep. The tracer enriched the brains of the two groups similarly. Sleep deprivation was the sole intervention. One night of sleep deprivation impaired clearance of the tracer substance from most brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, white matter and limbic structures, as demonstrated on the morning of Day 2 after intervention (sleep deprivation/sleep). Moreover, the impaired cerebral clearance in the sleep deprivation group was not compensated by subsequent sleep from Day 2 to 3. The present results provide in vivo evidence that one night of total sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brain, and that humans do not catch up on lost sleep.
Association Between Lymphopenia at 1 Month Posttransplant and Infectious Outcomes or Death in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Perry Whitney A , Paulus Jessica K , Price Lori Lyn , Snydman David R , Chow Jennifer K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Cell-mediated immunity is a specific target of several medications used to prevent or treat rejection in orthotopic heart transplantation. Low absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) has potential to be a useful and accessible clinical indicator of overall infection risk. Though some studies have demonstrated this association in other transplant populations, it has not been assessed in heart transplant recipients.

Methods
A single-center retrospective cohort study examined adult heart transplant recipients transplanted between 2000 and 2018. The exposure of interest was ALC ≤0.75 × 103 cells/µL at 1 month posttransplant, and the primary endpoint was a composite outcome of infection (including cytomegalovirus [CMV], herpes simplex I/II or varicella zoster virus [HSV/VZV], bloodstream infection [BSI], invasive fungal infection [IFI]) or death occurring after 1 month and before 1 year posttransplant. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was created to control for confounders identified using clinical judgment and statistical criteria.

Results
Of 375 subjects analyzed, 101 (27%) developed the composite outcome (61 CMV, 3 HSV/VZV, 19 BSI, 10 IFI, 8 deaths). Lymphopenia (ALC ≤0.75 × 103 cells/µL) at 1 month was associated with a &gt;2-fold higher rate of the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 2.26 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.47–3.46]; P &lt; .001) compared to patients without lymphopenia at 1 month. After adjustment for confounding variables, the presence of lymphopenia remained statistically significantly associated with the composite outcome (HR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.08–2.75]; P = .02).

Conclusions
ALC measured at 1 month after heart transplant is associated with an increased risk of infectious outcomes or death in the ensuing 11 months. This is a simple, accessible laboratory measure.
Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus to Other Tests of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Oh Chi Eun , Ortiz-Brizuela Edgar , Bastos Mayara L , Menzies Dick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
We conducted a review to compare the sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and predictive ability of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) with that of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT; QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and other latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) tests.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from January 2013 through May 2020. We included studies comparing QFT-Plus with at least one other LTBI test. We estimated sensitivity from studies of patients with active tuberculosis, and specificity from studies of healthy individuals with low risk of LTBI. Three independent reviewers evaluated eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias.

Results
Compared with QFT-GIT, the sensitivity of QFT-Plus in patients with active TB was 1.3% higher (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.3% to 2.9%); in 2 studies of patients with very low probability of LTBI, the specificity was 0.9% lower (95% CI, −2.4% to 0.6%). These differences were not statistically significant. The agreement between QFT-Plus and QFT-GIT was high, with a pooled Cohen’s kappa statistic of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.88). The reproducibility of QFT-GIT and QFT-Plus was similarly poor. All participants in the studies to estimate sensitivity were aged ≥15 years, and only 6 were people living with human immunodeficiency virus. We found no studies to assess predictive ability.

Conclusions
QFT-Plus has diagnostic performance that is very similar to that of QFT-GIT. Further studies are needed to assess the sensitivity of QFT-Plus in immunocompromised patients and younger children before concluding if this new version offers advantages.
Cost of Delivering 12-Dose Isoniazid and Rifapentine Versus 6 Months of Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Infection in a High-Burden Setting
Authors: Yuen Courtney M , Majidulla Arman , Jaswal Maria , Safdar Nauman , Malik Amyn A , Khan Aamir J , Becerra Mercedes C , Keshavjee Salmaan , Lu Chunling , Hussain Hamidah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Successful delivery and completion of tuberculosis preventive treatment are necessary for tuberculosis elimination. Shorter preventive treatment regimens currently have higher medication costs, but patients spend less time in care and are more likely to complete treatment. It is unknown how economic costs of successful delivery differ between longer and shorter regimens in high-tuberculosis-burden settings.

Methods
We developed survey instruments to collect costs from program and patient sources, considering costs incurred from when household contacts first entered the health system. We compared the cost per completed course of preventive treatment with either 6 months of daily isoniazid (6H) or 3 months of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP), delivered by the Indus Health Network tuberculosis program in Karachi, Pakistan, between October 2016 and February 2018.

Results
During this period, 459 individuals initiated 6H and 643 initiated 3HP; 39% and 61% completed treatment, respectively. Considering costs to both the program and care recipients, the cost per completed course was 394 US dollars (USD) for 6H and 333 USD for 3HP. Using a new 2020 price for rifapentine reduced the cost per completed course of 3HP to 290 USD. Under varying assumptions about drug prices and costs incurred by care recipients, the cost per completed course was lower for 3HP in all scenarios, and the largest cost drivers were the salaries of clinical staff.

Conclusions
In a high-burden setting, the cost of successful delivery of 3HP was lower than that of 6H, driven by higher completion.
Molecular Techniques for Genus and Species Determination of Fungi From Fresh and Paraffin-Embedded Formalin-Fixed Tissue in the Revised EORTC/MSGERC Definitions of Invasive Fungal Infection
Authors: Lockhart Shawn R , Bialek Ralf , Kibbler Christopher C , Cuenca-Estrella Manuel , Jensen Henrik E , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The EORTC/MSGERC have revised the definitions for proven, probable, and possible fungal diseases. The tissue diagnosis subcommittee was tasked with determining how and when species can be determined from tissue in the absence of culture. The subcommittee reached a consensus decision that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from tissue, but not immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization, can be used for genus or species determination under the new EORTC/MSGERC guidelines, but only when fungal elements are identified by histology. Fungal elements seen in tissue samples by histopathology and identified by PCR followed by sequencing should fulfill the definition of a proven fungal infection, identified to genus/species, even in the absence of culture. This summary discusses the issues that were deliberated by the subcommittee to reach the consensus decision and outlines the criteria a laboratory should follow in order to produce data that meet the EORTC/MSGERC definitions.