bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast MRI and tumour biology predict axillary lymph node response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Al-Hattali Samia , Vinnicombe Sarah J. , Gowdh Nazleen Muhammad , Evans Andrew , Armstrong Sharon , Adamson Douglas , Purdie Colin A. , Macaskill E. Jane 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In patients who have had axillary nodal metastasis diagnosed prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, there is little consensus on how to manage the axilla subsequently. The aim of this study was to explore whether a combination of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessed response and primary tumour pathology factors could identify a subset of patients that might be spared axillary node clearance.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis was performed of patients with core biopsy-proven axillary nodal metastasis prior to commencement of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) who had subsequent axillary node clearance (ANC) at definitive breast surgery. Breast tumour and axillary response at MRI before, during and on completion of NAC, core biopsy tumour grade, tumour type and immunophenotype were correlated with pathological response in the breast and the number of metastatic nodes in the ANC specimens.

Results
Of 87 consecutive patients with MRI at baseline, interim and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy who underwent ANC at time of breast surgery, 33 (38%) had no residual macrometastatic axillary disease, 28 (32%) had 1–2 metastatic nodes and 26 (30%) had more than 2 metastatic nodes. Factors that predicted axillary nodal complete response were MRI complete response in the breast (p < 0.0001), HER2 positivity (p = 0.02) and non-lobular tumour type (p = 0.015).

Conclusion
MRI assessment of breast tumour response to NAC and core biopsy factors are predictive of response in axillary nodes, and can be used to guide decision making regarding appropriate axillary surgery.
Time-modified OSEM algorithm for more robust assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony with phase analysis in ECG-gated myocardial perfusion SPECT
Authors: Kortelainen Matti J. , Koivumäki Tuomas M. , Vauhkonen Marko J. , Hakulinen Mikko A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction of electrocardiography (ECG)-gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), it is often assumed that the image acquisition time is constant for each projection angle and ECG bin. Due to heart rate variability (HRV), this assumption may lead to errors in quantification of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony with phase analysis. We hypothesize that a time-modified OSEM (TOSEM) algorithm provides more robust results.

Methods
List-mode data of 44 patients were acquired with a dual-detector SPECT/CT system and binned to eight ECG bins. First, activity ratio (AR)—the ratio of total activity in the last OSEM-reconstructed ECG bin and first five ECG bins—was computed, as well as standard deviation SDR-R of the accepted R–R intervals; their association was evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis. Subsequently, patients whose AR was higher than 90% were selected, and their list-mode data were rebinned by omitting a part of the acquired counts to yield AR values of 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50%. These data sets were reconstructed with OSEM and TOSEM algorithms, and phase analysis was performed. Reliability of both algorithms was assessed by computing concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) between the 90% data and data corresponding to lower AR values. Finally, phase analysis results assessed from OSEM- and TOSEM-reconstructed images were compared.

Results
A strong negative correlation (r = -0.749) was found between SDR-R and AR. As AR decreased, phase analysis parameters obtained from OSEM images decreased significantly. On the contrary, reduction of AR had no significant effect on phase analysis parameters obtained from TOSEM images (CCC > 0.88). The magnitude of difference between OSEM and TOSEM results increased as AR decreased.

Conclusions
TOSEM algorithm minimizes the HRV-related error and can be used to provide more robust phase analysis results.
Effect of duration from lingual nerve injury to undergoing microneurosurgery on improving sensory and taste functions: retrospective study
Authors: Nakanishi Takashi , Yamamoto Yuta , Tanioka Kensuke , Shintani Yukari , Tojyo Itaru , Fujita Shigeyuki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The prognosis of recovery following microneurosurgery for injured lingual nerves varies among individual cases. This study aimed to investigate if recovery ratios of sensory and taste functions are improved by the microneurosurgery within 6 months after lingual nerve injury.

Methods
We retrospectively assessed 70 patients who underwent microneurosurgery at the Wakayama Medical University Hospital for lingual nerve injuries between July 2004 and December 2016. Sensory and taste functions in lingual nerves were preoperatively evaluated using a static two-point discrimination test, an intact superficial pain/tactile sensation test, and a taste discrimination test. They were evaluated again at 12 and at 24 months postoperatively. The abundance ratio of Schwann cells in the excised traumatic neuromas was analyzed with ImageJ software following immunohistochemistry with anti S-100β antibody.

Results
In early cases (microneurosurgery within 6 months after the injury), recovery ratios of sensory and taste functions were not significantly different at 24 months after microneurosurgery compared with later cases (microneurosurgery more than 6 months after the injury). Meanwhile, the ratio of patients with taste recovery within 12 months after microneurosurgery was significantly decreased in late cases compared with early cases. The abundance ratio of Schwann cells in traumatic neuroma was also significantly lower in later cases.

Conclusion
Microneurosurgery more than 6 months after lingual nerve injury did not lead to decreased recovery ratio of sensory and taste functions, but it did lead to prolonged recovery of taste. This delay may be associated with a decrease in the abundance ratio of Schwann cells in traumatic neuromas.
Isolation and selection of highly effective phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains to promote wheat growth in Egyptian calcareous soils
Authors: Mohamed Abdallah E. , Nessim Maher Georg , Abou-el-seoud Islam Ibrahim , Darwish Khaled Mohamed , Shamseldin Abdelaal 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Forty phosphate solubilizing bacterial (PSB) isolates were isolated from the root zone of wheat plants cultivated in the Delta and the Northwestern coast regions of Egypt. All isolates proofed their ability to dissolve tricalcium phosphate on the National Botanical Research Institute's phosphate growth medium (NBRIP) by producing clear zone and increasing the available phosphorus that ranged between 40 and 707 mg l−1. They were designated as Egyptian native phosphate solubilizing bacteria (ENPSB).

Results
All strains proofed their ability to dissolve tricalcium phosphate on (NBRIP) medium by producing clear zone and increasing the available phosphorus that ranged between 40 and 707 mg l−1. The ENPSB 1, 2, and 3 strains were highly efficient as they gave 707, 653, and 693 mg l−1 soluble phosphorus respectively. Intriguingly, the two highly efficient strains for phosphate solubilization were isolated from the Northwestern coast alkaline soils. Moreover, 75% of strains were also produced profitable amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA) ranged from 0.79 to 50.5 mg l−1. Amazingly, the most efficient strain ENPSB 1 in solubilizing phosphorus (707 mg l−1soluble P) was the best one for producing IAA (50.5 mg l−1). The three efficient strains were identified using the sequencing of 16S rRNA. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA for selected strains confirmed that the strains ENPSB 1, 2, and 3 were genetically closed to Enterobacter aerogenes; Pantoea sp. and Enteriobacter sp. respectively.

Conclusion
The inoculation by mix cultures of strains (ENPSB 1, 2, and 3) contributed to raising the dry weight and P content of wheat plants by 76% and 12% over the full fertilized plants. Inoculation of soil PSB can be used to solve the deficiency of phosphorus and promote plant growth effectively in calcareous soils.
Lower limb muscle strength and serotonin receptor gene polymorphism as factors associated in women with fibromyalgia
Authors: de Lima Luana Oliveira , Zicarelli Carlos Alexandre Martins , Matsumura Andressa Saori , Moroti-Perugini Layse Rafaela , de Castro Teixeira Denilson , Fernandes Karen Barros Parron , de Oliveira Perrucini Priscila Daniele , Poli-Frederico Regina Célia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by generalized skeletal muscle chronic pain. Its etiology is not well defined, because there are several factors that may trigger it such as physical and/or emotional stresses, or a genetic susceptibility, involving serotonergic, dopaminergic and catecholaminergic paths. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the strength of the lower limb, genetic polymorphism of the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A in women with fibromyalgia.

Methods
In this observational study of case-control type 48 women were evaluated who belonged to the group with FM (52 ± 12 years) and 100 women in the control group (58 ± 11 years). Socio demographic and anthropometric data were collected and peripheral blood samples for DNA extraction; genotypic analyzes were performed by means of PCR in real time by TaqMan® system. The lower limb muscle strength was assessed through the test of sitting down and standing up for 30 s. The chi-square test or Fischer Exact was used for possible associations among the variables; the t-test for independent samples was used to compare the averages among the groups; the value of significance adopted was 5%.

Results
There was an association between the polymorphism of the HTR2A gene with FM, demonstrating that carriers of the genotype GG have 24.39 times more likely to develop the syndrome (IC95% 5.15–115.47; p = 0.01). It was observed an association between FM and the test to sit and stand up demonstrating that women with fibromyalgia have lower limb muscle strength (p = 0.01). The study showed that the white race has 3.84 times more likely to develop FM (p = 0.01).

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that women of Caucasian ethnicity with GG genotype or G allele presented greater risk of developing fibromyalgia and that these patients have lower limb muscle strength compared to the control group.
Phase III Study of Adjuvant Ipilimumab (3 or 10 mg/kg) Versus High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b for Resected High-Risk Melanoma: North American Intergroup E1609
Authors: Tarhini Ahmad A. , Lee Sandra J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Rao Uma N. M. , Cohen Gary I. , Hamid Omid , Hutchins Laura F. , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Kluger Harriett M. , Eroglu Zeynep , Koon Henry B. , Lawrence Donald P. , Kendra Kari L. , Minor David R. , Lee Carrie B. , Albertini Mark R. , Flaherty Lawrence E. , Petrella Teresa M. , Streicher Howard , Sondak Vernon K. , Kirkwood John M. 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSEPhase III adjuvant trials have reported significant benefits in both relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for high-dose interferon alfa (HDI) and ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg (ipi10). E1609 evaluated the safety and efficacy of ipilimumab at 3 mg/kg (ipi3) and ipi10 versus HDI.PATIENTS AND METHODSE1609 was a phase III trial in patients with resected cutaneous melanoma (American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition stage IIIB, IIIC, M1a, or M1b). It had 2 coprimary end points: OS and RFS. A 2-step hierarchic approach first evaluated ipi3 versus HDI followed by ipi10 versus HDI.RESULTSBetween May 2011 and August 2014, 1,670 adult patients were centrally randomly assigned (1:1:1) to ipi3 (n = 523), HDI (n = 636), or ipi10 (n = 511). Treatment-related adverse events grade ≥ 3 occurred in 37% of patients receiving ipi3, 79% receiving HDI, and 58% receiving ipi10, with adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation in 35%, 20%, and 54%, respectively. Comparison of ipi3 versus HDI used an intent-to-treat analysis of concurrently randomly assigned patient cases (n = 1,051) and showed significant OS difference in favor of ipi3 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95.6% repeated CI, 0.61 to 0.99; P = .044; RFS: HR, 0.85; 99.4% CI, 0.66 to 1.09; P = .065). In the second step, for ipi10 versus HDI (n = 989), trends in favor of ipi10 did not achieve statistical significance. Salvage patterns after melanoma relapse showed significantly higher rates of ipilimumab and ipilimumab/anti–programmed death 1 use in the HDI arm versus ipi3 and ipi10 ( P ≤ .001).CONCLUSIONAdjuvant therapy with ipi3 benefits survival versus HDI; for the first time to our knowledge in melanoma adjuvant therapy, E1609 has demonstrated a significant improvement in OS against an active control regimen. The currently approved adjuvant ipilimumab dose (ipi10) was more toxic and not superior in efficacy to HDI.
Membrane Response of Human Erythrocytes Exposed to a Pressure of 140 MPa
Authors: Yamaguchi Takeo , Miyazaki Masayuki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
When human erythrocytes are subjected to high pressures for 30 min at 37 °C, hemolysis and vesiculation begin to occur at a pressure of 140 MPa. Response of the erythrocytes to 140 MPa is expected to provide unique information about the membrane structure. So, we examined the effect of freshness and trypsin treatment of human erythrocytes on the membrane response to 140 MPa. Upon exposure of old erythrocytes to the pressure, the size of erythrocytes reduced gradually due to vesiculation and fragmentation without significant hemolysis, irrespective of trypsin treatment. In trypsin-treated fresh erythrocytes, on the other hand, the suppression of vesiculation and fragmentation under pressure resulted in distinct hemolysis that was characterized by release of large vesicles from mother cells and also by critical hemolysis volume. ESI-MS of lipids demonstrated that the lipid compositions of 140 MPa-induced vesicles were independent of the freshness and trypsin treatment of erythrocytes. Interestingly, the membranes of 140 MPa-induced vesicles contained low cholesterol and high levels of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, compared with erythrocyte membranes. Thus, the properties of 140 MPa-induced vesicles reflect partially the initial response of erythrocytes to that pressure.
Differences in Respiratory Muscle Responses to Hyperpnea or Loaded Breathing in COPD
Authors: RODRIGUES ANTENOR , LOUVARIS ZAFEIRIS , DACHA SAUWALUK , JANSSENS WIM , PITTA FABIO , VOGIATZIS IOANNIS , GOSSELINK RIK , LANGER DANIEL 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We aimed to compare acute mechanical and metabolic responses of the diaphragm and rib cage inspiratory muscles during two different types of respiratory loading in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods
In 16 patients (age, 65 ± 13 yr; 56% male; forced expiratory volume in the first second, 60 ± 6%pred; maximum inspiratory pressure, 82 ± 5%pred), assessments of respiratory muscle EMG, esophageal pressure (Pes) and gastric pressures, breathing pattern, and noninvasive assessments of systemic (V˙O2, cardiac output, oxygen delivery and extraction) and respiratory muscle hemodynamic and oxygenation responses (blood flow index, oxygen delivery index, deoxyhemoglobin concentration, and tissues oxygen saturation [StiO2]), were performed during hyperpnea and loaded breathing.

Results
During hyperpnea, breathing frequency, minute ventilation, esophageal and diaphragm pressure–time product per minute, cardiac output, and V˙O2 were higher than during loaded breathing (P < 0.05). Average inspiratory Pes and transdiaphragmatic pressure per breath, scalene (SCA), sternocleidomastoid, and intercostal muscle activation were higher during loading breathing compared with hyperpnea (P < 0.05). Higher transdiaphragmatic pressure during loaded breathing compared with hyperpnea was mostly due to higher inspiratory Pes (P < 0.05). Diaphragm activation, inspiratory and expiratory gastric pressures, and rectus abdominis muscle activation did not differ between the two conditions (P > 0.05). SCA–blood flow index and oxygen delivery index were lower, and SCA–deoxyhemoglobin concentration was higher during loaded breathing compared with hyperpnea. Furthermore, SCA and intercostal muscle StiO2 were lower during loaded breathing compared with hyperpnea (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Greater inspiratory muscle effort during loaded breathing evoked larger rib cage and neck muscle activation compared with hyperpnea. In addition, lower SCA and intercostal muscle StiO2 during loaded breathing compared with hyperpnea indicates a mismatch between inspiratory muscle oxygen delivery and utilization induced by the former condition.
Exercise Effects on Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life and Clinical–Motor Symptoms
Authors: TOLLÁR JÓZSEF , NAGY FERENC , TÓTH BÉLA E. , TÖRÖK KATALIN , SZITA KINGA , CSUTORÁS BENCE , MOIZS MARIANN , HORTOBÁGYI TIBOR 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Different therapies can improve clinical and motor symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) similarly, but studies comparing the effects of different exercise therapies on clinical and motor outcomes are scant. We compared the effects of exergaming (EXE), balance (BAL), cycling (CYC), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and a standard care wait-listed control group (CON) on clinical and motor symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in people with MS (PwMS).

Methods
PwMS (n = 68, 90% female; age, 47.0 yr; Expanded Disability Status Scale score 5–6) were randomized into five groups. Before and after the interventions (five times a week for 5 wk), PwMS were tested for MS-related clinical and motor symptoms (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29), primary outcome), QoL (EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire), symptoms of depression, gait and balance ability (Tinetti Assessment Tool), static and dynamic balance and fall risk (Berg Balance Scale), walking capacity (6-min walk test), and standing posturography on a force platform.

Results
EXE, BAL, and CYC improved the MSIS-29 scores similarly. EXE and CYC improved QoL and walking capacity similarly but more than BAL. Only EXE improved gait and balance scores (Tinetti Assessment Tool). EXE and BAL improved fall risk and standing balance similarly but more than CYC. PNF and CON revealed no changes. The EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire moderated the exercise effects on the MSIS-29 scores only in EXE. Changes in QoL and changes in the MSIS-29 scores correlated (R
2 = 0.73) only in EXE.

Conclusion
In conclusion, BAL and CYC but EXE in particular, but not PNF, can improve clinical and motor symptoms and QoL in PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale score 5 to 6), expanding the evidence-based exercise options to reduce mobility limitations in PwMS.
Altitude and its inverse association with abdominal obesity in an Andean country: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pajuelo-Ramírez Jaime , Torres-Aparcana Harold , Agüero-Zamora Rosa , Quispe Antonio M. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Abdominal obesity represents an accurate predictor of overall morbidity and mortality, which is worrisome because it is also continuously increasing across Andean countries. However, its relationship with altitude remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the association between altitude and abdominal obesity in Peru, and how sociodemographic variables impact this association.Methods: We estimated the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Peru and analyzed its association with altitude using the data from the 2012-2013 National Household Survey (ENAHO). During this survey, a representative sample of Peruvians was screened for abdominal obesity, using waist circumference as a proxy, and the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines cutoffs.Results: Data were analyzed from a sample of 20 489 Peruvians (51% male). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was estimated at 33.6% (95% CI: 32.5 to 34.6%). In Peru, altitude was significantly and inversely associated with abdominal obesity, decreasing with higher altitudes: 1500-2999 meters above mean sea level (MAMSL) vs <1500 MAMSL, adjusted prevalence rate [aPR]= 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.96); ≥3000 MAMSL vs <1500 MAMSL, aPR= 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.84), when adjusting by age, gender and residence area (rural/urban). However, this association was significantly modified by age and gender (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Abdominal obesity is highly prevalent in Peru and decreases significantly with altitude, but age and gender modify this association. Thus, abdominal obesity appears to affect older women from low altitudes more than younger men from high altitudes.
PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PEDULI SESAMA MELALUI KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER RELAWAN
Authors: Muhamadi Sani , Hasanah Aan 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan hasil pembinaan karakter peduli sesama melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler relawan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Temuan penelitian ini: Proses penguatan karakter peduli sesama melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler relawan dilakukan dengan kegiatan pelatihan rutin setiap minggu, kegiatan terjadwal bulanan berupa pembersihan sungai, masjid, dan lingkungan sekitar, serta kegiatan insidental memberikan bantuan ke daerah-daerah terdampak bencana alam dan kemanusiaan. Hasilnya siswa menunjukkan sikap peduli yang semakin kuat, baik secara individual maupun secara organisasional. Faktor pendukung dalam penguatan karakter peduli sesama adalah visi misi dan tujuan madrasah, keteladanan guru dan staf, kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilaksanakan di sekolah, serta pelibatan dalam kegiatan di masyarakat. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah kurangnya dana untuk melaksanakan kegiatan, dan faktor izin orangtua dalam kegiatan-kegiatan di area bencana.