bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR‐based PET attenuation correction using a combined ultrashort echo time/multi‐echo Dixon acquisition
Authors: Han Paul Kyu , Horng Debra E. , Gong Kuang , Petibon Yoann , Kim Kyungsang , Li Quanzheng , Johnson Keith A. , El Fakhri Georges , Ouyang Jinsong , Ma Chao 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo develop a magnetic resonance (MR)‐based method for estimation of continuous linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) in positron emission tomography (PET) using a physical compartmental model and ultrashort echo time (UTE)/multi‐echo Dixon (mUTE) acquisitions.MethodsWe propose a three‐dimensional (3D) mUTE sequence to acquire signals from water, fat, and short T2 components (e.g., bones) simultaneously in a single acquisition. The proposed mUTE sequence integrates 3D UTE with multi‐echo Dixon acquisitions and uses sparse radial trajectories to accelerate imaging speed. Errors in the radial k‐space trajectories are measured using a special k‐space trajectory mapping sequence and corrected for image reconstruction. A physical compartmental model is used to fit the measured multi‐echo MR signals to obtain fractions of water, fat, and bone components for each voxel, which are then used to estimate the continuous LAC map for PET attenuation correction.ResultsThe performance of the proposed method was evaluated via phantom and in vivo human studies, using LACs from computed tomography (CT) as reference. Compared to Dixon‐ and atlas‐based MRAC methods, the proposed method yielded PET images with higher correlation and similarity in relation to the reference. The relative absolute errors of PET activity values reconstructed by the proposed method were below 5% in all of the four lobes (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital), cerebellum, whole white matter, and gray matter regions across all subjects (n = 6).ConclusionsThe proposed mUTE method can generate subject‐specific, continuous LAC map for PET attenuation correction in PET/MR.
Monochorionic diamniotic twins: What do I tell the prospective parents?
Authors: Lewi Liesbeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMonochorionic diamniotic twins occur in about 1 in 300 pregnancies. Compared with dichorionic twins, they face increased risks because of the shared circulation. In about 15%, an imbalance in blood exchange occurs, such as twin‐twin transfusion syndrome and twin anemia polycythemia sequence. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence on the management of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies and their specific complications, with a focus on information that is relevant for prospective parents.
The construction and application of an ultrasound and anatomical cross‐sectional database of structural malformations of the fetal heart
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Juan , DeVore Greggory R. , Pei Qiu‐Yan , Yan Ya‐Ni , Li Yun‐Tao , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesEstablish a fetal heart anatomical cross‐sectional database that correlates with screening transverse ultrasound images suggested by international professional organizations to detect congenital heart defects.MethodsFetuses with suspected congenital heart defects identified using the following cardiac image sequences obtained from transverse slices beginning from the upper abdomen and ending in the upper thorax were the subjects of this study: (1) four‐chamber view, (2) left ventricular outflow tract view, (3) three‐vessel right ventricular outflow tract view, and (4) the three‐vessel tracheal view. A database of digital two‐dimensional images of the transverse sweep was created for fetuses with confirmed congenital heart defects. In addition, using four‐dimensional ultrasound spatial‐temporal image correlation, selected transverse ultrasound images were acquired as part of the database. Ultrasound‐detected congenital heart defects were confirmed postnatally from pathological specimens of the heart and lungs using a cross‐sectional technique that mirrored the ultrasound images described above. When anatomical specimens were not available, prenatal ultrasound‐detected congenital heart defects were confirmed using postnatal echocardiography and/or following surgery.ResultsThe four screening views described in the Methods section identified 160 fetuses that comprised the database. Forty‐five datasets consisted of both ultrasound and anatomical cross‐sectional images. Thirteen percent (6/45) only had abnormalities of the four‐chamber view (eg, endocardial cushion defects). Twenty‐four percent (11/45) had abnormalities of the four‐chamber view as well as right and left outflow tracts (eg, complex malformations). Of these, 10 of 11 had an abnormal tracheal view. Sixteen percent (7/45) had an abnormal four‐chamber view and abnormal right outflow tract (eg, pulmonary stenosis). Thirty‐three percent (15/45) had a normal four‐chamber view but had abnormal right and left outflow tracts as well as an abnormal tracheal view (eg, tetralogy of Fallot, D‐transposition of the great arteries).ConclusionsCombining both ultrasound and anatomical imaging may be of assistance in training imagers to recognize cardiovascular pathology when performing the screening examination of the fetal heart.
Validity of administrative claims‐based algorithms for ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest in the pediatric population
Authors: Czaja Angela S. , Collins Kathryn , Valuck Robert J. , Anderson Heather D. , Ghosh Debashis , Davidson Jesse A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeIdentify administrative claims‐based algorithms for capturing out‐of‐hospital ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and cardiac arrests (CA) due to cardiac causes in the pediatric population with high positive‐predictive value (PPV).MethodsWithin a single pediatric center, a retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized or seen in the emergency room for VA or CA were identified from the electronic health records. Eligible encounters were blindly reviewed and linked to administrative data, including ICD‐9/ICD‐10 codes. Test characteristics, including PPV, for different diagnostic and procedure codes were generated using a 50% training sample. The gold standard was definite or suspected out‐of‐hospital VA or CA due to cardiac cause verified based on clinical criteria. Algorithms with the highest PPV were then applied to a 50% validation sample to validate performance.ResultsFrom 2004‐2017, 598 encounters met eligibility criteria. 174 (29%) had an outcome of interest, with remainder being an inpatient event or CA due to other cause. Within the training sample (n = 263), VA codes in primary position had a PPV 94% (95%CI 81%‐99%) with low sensitivity (44%, 95%CI 33%‐56%). CA codes in any position or VA codes in nonprimary positions had low PPV (18%‐19%, 31% respectively). Applying the top three performing algorithms to the validation sample (n = 252) yielded similar PPV values.ConclusionsContrary to adults, algorithms including a CA code do not perform well for identifying out‐of‐hospital VA and CA due to cardiac cause in the pediatric populations. Researchers should be aware of the potential implications for future pediatric drug safety studies for these outcomes.
The Association of Parity with Greater Dynamic Pronation of the Feet
Authors: Heronemus Marc J. , Rabe Kaitlin , Tolstykh Irina , Gross K. Douglas , Wise Barton L , Nevitt Michael C. , Lewis Cora E. , Hillstrom Howard J. , Segal Neil A. ,   for the MOST Study Group
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPostpartum women are at increased risk for lower limb musculoskeletal disorders. Foot arch collapse following pregnancy has been reported as a mechanism for this increased risk. However, dynamic changes during gait in postpartum women have not been reported. Therefore, we assessed the association between parity and dynamic foot pronation during gait.ObjectiveTo determine (1) if there is an association between parity and dynamic foot pronation (center of pressure excursion index, CPEI) during gait; and (2) the extent to which there is a dose‐effect of parity on foot pronation.DesignThe Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) Study is a longitudinal cohort study of adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA).SettingTwo communities in the United States, Birmingham, Alabama and Iowa City, Iowa.InterventionsNot applicableParticipantsA population‐based sample of 1177 MOST participants who were female, had complete CPEI and parity data and completed the baseline, 30‐ and 60‐month visits.Main Outcome MeasuresOdds of a one quintile decrease in CPEI by parity group and mean CPEI by parity group.ResultsIn 1177 women, mean age was 67.7 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.6 kg/m2. As parity increased, there was significantly greater foot pronation, lower mean CPEI: 19.1 (18.2‐20.1), 18.9 (18.4‐19.4), 18 (17.5‐18.6) to 17.5 (16.4‐18.6) in the 0 to 4 and >5 children groups, respectively; (P = .002), which remained significant after adjusting for race and clinic site (P = .005). There was a positive linear trend (β = 1.08, 1.03‐1.14) in odds ratios of a one quintile decrease in CPEI (greater pronation) with increasing parity level (P = .004), which remained significant after adjusting for race and clinic site (P = .01). After adjusting for age and BMI, these two associations were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsThis study indicates a positive correlation between parity and greater dynamic pronation of the feet.
The potential distribution and dynamics of important vectors Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in China under climate change scenarios: an ecological niche modelling approach
Authors: Liu Boyang , Gao Xiang , Zheng Keren , Ma Jun , Jiao Zhihui , Xiao Jianhua , Wang Hongbin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntense studies have been carried out on the effects of climate change on vector‐borne diseases and vectors. Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are two medically concerned mosquito species in temperate and tropical areas, which serve as important disease‐transmitting pests of a variety of diseases. The ongoing geographical expansion of these mosquitoes has brought an increasing threat to public health.RESULTSBased on mosquito occurrence records and high‐resolution environmental layers, an ecological niche model was established to model their current and future potential distribution in China. Our model showed that the current suitable area for Cx. p. pallens is distributed in the central, eastern and northern parts of China, while Cx. p. quinquefasciatus is distributed in vast areas in southern China. Under future climate change scenarios, both species are predicted to expand their range to varying degrees and RCP 8.5 provides the largest expansion. Northward core shifts will occur in ranges of both species. Environmental variables which have significant impact on the distribution of mosquitoes were also revealed by our model.CONCLUSIONSevere habitat expansion of vectors is likely to occur in the future 21st century. Our models mapped the high‐risk areas and risk factors which needs to be paid attention. The results of our study can be referenced in further ecological surveys and will guide the development of strategies for the prevention and control of vector‐borne diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
§193 and §246 of Philosophia botanica do not support that Linnaeus was a “typologist”
Authors: Lidén Magnus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract§193 and §246 of Linnaeus's Philosophia botanica have recently been invoked to suggest that Linnaeus used, or even introduced, the “Method of Type”, which implies that a genus is centred around a “typical” species. However, there is no support for this conclusion in either of the two paragraphs, rather the opposite. A recapitulation of the last twenty years’ reassessment of Linnaeus's taxonomic philosophy is given.
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial testing the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on brain and cognitive outcomes of mildly cognitively impaired elderly with type 2 diabetes: Study design
Authors: BenAri Ori , Efrati Shai , Hadanny Amir , Sano Mary , Bendlin Barbara B. , Lin HungMo , Liu Xiaoyu , Sela Inbar , Almog Ganit , Livny Abigail , Sandler Israel , Ben‐Haim Simona , Sagi Roy , LeRoith Derek , Schnaider Beeri Michal , Ravona‐Springer Ramit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for dementia. Ischemia due to vascular pathology is hypothesized to be an underlying mechanism for this association. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a treatment in which oxygen‐enriched air (up to 100%) is administered to patients in a chamber at a pressure above one atmosphere absolute. HBOT is approved for the treatment of T2D ischemic non‐healing wounds. Evidence from animal studies and small clinical trials suggests that HBOT improves hypoxic/ischemic brain injuries, consequently inducing brain angiogensis, leading to cognitive improvement.MethodsWe present the design of the first double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial on brain and cognitive outcomes in elderly (n = 154) with T2D and mild cognitive impairment to compare the effects of HBOT versus sham (normal air with 1.1 ATA pressure in the first and last 5 minutes of the session). Eligible candidates are randomized with equal probability to HBOT and sham. Outcomes are assessed before and after treatment, and at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. The primary cognitive outcome is global cognitive change, indexed by a composite sum of z‐scores of four executive functions and four episodic memory tests. The primary neurobiological outcome is cerebral blood flow (CBF; via arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging [ASL‐MRI]) and cerebral glucose utilization via fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET). Secondary outcome measures are specific cognitive domains (executive function and episodic memory) and functional measures (Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes, activities of daily living). Efficacy analyses will be performed for the intent‐to‐treat sample.DiscussionRecent studies suggest that HBOT induces neuroplasticity and improves cognition in post‐stroke and traumatic brain injury patients. However, its effect on cognition, cerebral blood flow, and brain glucose utilization in T2D patients at high dementia risk is yet to be determined. If effective, this study may provide strong evidence for the brain and cognitive benefits of HBOT in this population.
Unusual case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome showing clinical manifestations in a companion dog
Authors: Nam So‐Jeong , Oh Ye‐In , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Cheon Doo‐Sung , Noh Sung‐Jun , Hong Yeon‐Jung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus is an emerging zoonotic virus in East Asia. However, SFTS virus (SFTSV) has not been reported to cause clinical infection in companion dogs to date. We report the case of a 4‐year‐old companion dog that presented with fever, vomiting, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia at a veterinary hospital in the Republic of Korea. It was diagnosed with SFTS, which was confirmed using real‐time reverse transcription PCR, sequencing and an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and recovered after supportive care. Further studies are required to investigate SFTSV infection in companion animals, living in close contact with humans, as well as animal‐to‐human transmission.
The potential of hybrid breeding to enhance leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in wheat
Authors: Beukert Ulrike , Liu Guozheng , Thorwarth Patrick , Boeven Philipp H. G. , Longin C. Friedrich H. , Zhao Yusheng , Ganal Martin , Serfling Albrecht , Ordon Frank , Reif Jochen C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Key message
Hybrid wheat breeding is a promising strategy to improve the level of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in wheat.

Abstract
Leaf rust and stripe rust belong to the most important fungal diseases in wheat production. Due to a dynamic development of new virulent races, epidemics appear in high frequency and causes significant losses in grain yield and quality. Therefore, research is needed to develop strategies to breed wheat varieties carrying highly efficient resistances. Stacking of dominant resistance genes through hybrid breeding is such an approach. Within this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance of 1750 wheat hybrids and their 230 parental lines using a genome-wide association study. We observed on average a lower rust susceptibility for hybrids in comparison to their parental inbred lines and some hybrids outperformed their better parent with up to 56%. Marker-trait associations were identified on chromosome 3D and 4A for leaf rust and on chromosome 2A, 2B, and 6A for stripe rust resistance by using a genome-wide association study with a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P < 0.10. Detected loci on chromosomes 4A and 2A were located within previously reported genomic regions affecting leaf rust and stripe rust resistance, respectively. The degree of dominance was for most associations favorable in the direction of improved resistance. Thus, resistance can be increased in hybrid wheat breeding by fixing complementary leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes with desired dominance effects in opposite parental pools.
Impact of River Water and Bottom Sediment Pollution on Accumulation of Metal(loid)s and Arsenic Species in the Coastal Plants Stuckenia pectinata L., Galium aparine L., and Urtica dioica L.: A Chemometric and Environmental Study
Authors: Jabłońska-Czapla Magdalena , Zerzucha Piotr , Grygoyć Katarzyna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe role of water and bottom sediment pollution of a river subjected to a strong industrial anthropo-pressure in coastal plants was investigated. The work presented the influence of polluted environment on accumulation of metal(loid)s (including arsenic and its species) in Stuckenia pectinata L., Galium aparine L., and Urtica dioica L. The study provided important information on the contents of organic and inorganic arsenic species in selected plants and their response to heavy metal and arsenic contamination. The As(III), As(V), AB (arsenobetaine), MMA (monomethylarsonic acid), and DMA (dimethylarsinic acid) ions were successfully separated on the Hamilton PRP-X100 column with high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) techniques. The Pollution Load Index and geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) values clearly indicate significant pollution of the examined ecosystem with heavy metals. The chemometric analysis with the concepts of (Dis)similarity Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis helped to visualize the variability of the As species concentrations and to analyse correlations between sampling point locations and analyte contents.
TNFR1 is associated with short-term mortality in patients with diabetes and acute dyspnea seeking care at the emergency department
Authors: Wändell P. , Carlsson A. C. , Larsson A. , Melander O. , Wessman T. , Ärnlöv J. , Ruge T. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Circulating levels of TNF alpha receptor 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2) are associated with increased long-term mortality and impaired kidney function.

Aim
To study association between circulating levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 and short-term mortality in patients with diabetes and dyspnea.

Population and methods
Patients aged ≥ 18 years seeking at emergency department (ED) during daytime on weekdays between December 2013 and July 2018, with diabetes and acute dyspnea, identified at the triage process, were included. Participants (n = 291) were triaged according to Medical Emergency Triage and Treatment System-Adult score, and blood samples were collected. Association between TNFR1 and TNFR2, respectively, and 90-day mortality were estimated by Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, creatinine and CRP.

Results
Univariate models showed significant associations between TNFR1 and TNFR2, respectively, and CRP, age and creatinine. TNFR1 and TNFR2 tended to be elevated in patients with the highest triage level, compared to patients with lower triage levels (ns). In longitudinal analyses, TNFR1 but not TNFR2 was associated with increased short-term mortality, HR adjusted for age, BMI and creatinine 1.43 (95% CI 1.07–1.91), but not in the model also adjusted for CRP, HR 1.29 (95% CI 0.94–1.77). In secondary analysis for quartile 4 versus quartiles 1–3 of TNFR1, corresponding HRs were 2.46 (95% CI 1.27–5.15) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.07–2.56).

Conclusions
We found a trend for the association between circulating TNFR1 levels and short-term mortality in patients with diabetes and acute dyspnea at the ED, possibly suggesting an inflammatory pathway for the association.
What’s Wrong with Evolutionary Causation?
Authors: Baedke Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis review essay reflects on recent discussions in evolutionary biology and philosophy of science on the central causes of evolution and the structure of causal explanations in evolutionary theory. In this debate, it has been argued that our view of evolutionary causation should be rethought by including more seriously developmental causes and causes of the individual acting organism. I use Tobias Uller’s and Kevin Laland’s volumeEvolutionary Causationas well as recent reviews of it as a starting point to reflect on the causal role of agency, individuality, and the environment in evolution. In addition, I critically discuss classical philosophical frameworks of theory change (i.e. Popper’s, Kuhn’s and Lakatos’) used in this debate to understand changing views of evolutionary causation.
Cognitive optimism of distinctive initiatives to foster self-directed and self-regulated learning skills: A comparative analysis of conventional and blended-learning in undergraduate studies
Authors: Onah Daniel F. O. , Pang Elaine L. L. , Sinclair Jane E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndependent learning in massive open online courses (MOOCs) requires considerable effort from the learners themselves. Blended-learning has been recognised to foster independent learning among undergraduate students. With the popularity of the blended-learning approach to teach in traditional educational settings, little has been mentioned on how cohesive this approach is in fostering self-directed learning and self-regulation among university students. This study hopes to explore undergraduate learners in their distinctive study patterns. The study was conducted to investigate a comparative study between students from two departments; Science and Social Science. The aim was to explore the students’ self-directed and self-regulated learning skills in conventional classrooms and aspects of blended-learning embedded in a MOOC platform in two academic years for undergraduates at a top UK university. This study encompasses two case studies; firstly, a combine blended-learning seminar and a conventional seminar classes and a study undertaken with a student of English as a second language (ESL). The blended-learning students were participants who registered in a conventional university and took an optional module in computer security. The second group of students participated in a core module of logic and verification. The second case study was with a final year undergraduate student in Education Studies. The students studied and engaged with the course content using their initiative and directing their learning approaches.