bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Near‐Infrared Photoreaction Mechanism of a Silicon Phthalocyanine Photoimmunotherapy Dye: Photoinduced Hydrolysis by Radical Anion Generation
Authors: Kobayashi Masato , Harada Mei , Takakura Hideo , Ando Kanta , Goto Yuto , Tsuneda Takao , Ogawa Mikako , Taketsugu Tetsuya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Masato Kobayashi and Prof. Mikako Ogawa, both from Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. The cover picture shows the photochemical reaction process of the near‐infrared (NIR) photoimmunotherapy dye IR700, and subsequent cancer cell death. A computational study predicted that ligand dissociation, which is known to initiate cancer cell death, proceeds by the hydrolysis of the IR700 radical anion, rather than as a direct result of NIR irradiation. This mechanism has also been supported by experimental work. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cplu.202000338.
The Propagation, Quantification, and Storage of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
Authors: Abdelmageed Alaa A. , Ferran Maureen C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the prototypical member of the Rhabdoviridae family of negative‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses. This virus has been used as a powerful model system for decades and is currently being used as a vaccine platform and an oncolytic agent. Here, we present methods to propagate, quantitate, and store VSV. We also review the proper safety protocol for the handling of VSV, which is classified as a Biosafety Level 2 pathogen by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Generation, purification, and storage of vesicular stomatitis virus stocksBasic Protocol 2: Quantification of vesicular stomatitis virus by plaque assaySupport Protocol: Propagation of Vero cells
Efficient Multi‐Allelic Genome Editing of Primary Cell Cultures via CRISPR‐Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Nucleofection
Authors: Hoellerbauer Pia , Kufeld Megan , Paddison Patrick J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas9‐based technologies have revolutionized experimental manipulation of mammalian genomes. However, limitations regarding the delivery and efficacy of these technologies restrict their application in primary cells. This article describes a protocol for penetrant, reproducible, and fast CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing in cell cultures derived from primary cells. The protocol employs transient nucleofection of ribonucleoprotein complexes composed of chemically synthesized 2′‐O‐methyl‐3′phosphorothioate‐modified single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and purified Cas9 protein. It can be used both for targeted insertion‐deletion mutation (indel) formation at up to >90% efficiency (via use of a single sgRNA) and for targeted deletion of genomic regions (via combined use of multiple sgRNAs). This article provides examples of the nucleofection buffer and programs that are optimal for patient‐derived glioblastoma (GBM) stem‐like cells (GSCs) and human neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), but the protocol can be readily applied to other primary cell cultures by modifying the nucleofection conditions. In summary, this is a relatively simple method that can be used for highly efficient and fast gene knockout, as well as for targeted genomic deletions, even in hyperdiploid cells such as many cancer stem‐like cells. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLCBasic Protocol: Cas9:sgRNA ribonucleoprotein nucleofection for insertion‐deletion (indel) mutation and genomic deletion generation in primary cell cultures
Post‐operative discomforts in children after extraction of primary teeth
Authors: Baillargeau Claire , Lopez‐Cazaux Serena , Charles Hugo , Ordureau Aline , Dajean‐Trutaud Sylvie , Prud'homme Tony , Hyon Isabelle , Soueidan Assem , Alliot‐Licht Brigitte , Renard Emmanuelle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis prospective observational study aimed to evaluate discomfort after extraction of deciduous teeth under local anesthesia. The primary objective was to describe the prevalence of post‐extraction pain (PEP), post‐extraction bleeding (PEB), post‐extraction biting injury (PEBI), and analgesic usage in children. The secondary objective was to define whether it is possible to determine a profile of patients or a type of extraction procedure predictive to PEP, administration of analgesics, PEB, or PEBI.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐five children, aged 3–13 years, with indications of at least one deciduous tooth extraction, were included. Immediately after extraction, information concerning the patient and the extraction were collected. Eighteen to 32 hr after extraction, parents were called by phone to request reports concerning the onset and intensity of PEP assessed using the Wong‐Baker Faces (WBF) scale, the administration of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to their children, and the appearance of PEB and/or PEBI.ResultsOf the children, 37.3% reported PEP (WBF ≥2), but 23.3% of these children did not receive any analgesic drugs to help relieve pain. Pain appeared before 3 hr after extraction in 69% of the children. Higher incidences of PEP and usage of analgesics were found both in the group of children with unfavorable socioeconomic level compared to favorable level and in the group with pre‐operative pain compared to no pre‐operative pain (p < .05).ConclusionsAbout a third of the children reported pain after extraction, but the instructions for pain relief were not followed by all parents. The socioeconomic level of the young patient and the pain felt during the extraction were important predictors of discomfort. Therefore, our study could help the dentist to provide information on predicted post‐operative discomfort and to allow suitable care depending on the patient's profile or procedure.
Characterization of KIR + NKG2A + Eomes− NK‐like CD8+ T cells and their decline with age in healthy individuals
Authors: Kasakovski Dimitri , Zeng Xiangbo , Lai Jing , Yu Zhi , Yao Danlin , Chen Shaohua , Zha Xianfeng , Li Yangqiu , Xu Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundKIR+NKG2A + Eomes+ CD8+ T cells, which are preferentially found with a TEMRA (CD45RA + CCR7−) phenotype while having the capacity to rapidly produce IFN‐γ in response to innate stimulation (IL‐12 and IL‐18), have been demonstrated to exist in human cord blood and the adult blood circulation. This highly responsive T‐cell type was termed NK‐like CD8+ T cells due to their capability to act in an innate immune fashion in mice similar to NK cells. However, KIR+NKG2A + CD8+ T cells that are Eomes− represent a small proportion of unconventional T cells that have not been described until now.MethodsWe compare the distribution of the memory phenotypes and senescence‐associated markers of two T‐cell subsets by multicolor flow cytometry in 10 cord blood samples and 105 healthy individuals (HIs) ranging from 6 to 84 years of age.ResultsWe found that the Eomes+ population has a higher differentiation degree than the Eomes− population. T cells in the Eomes− subset show proportionally less TEMRA phenotypes while instead preferentially displaying a more naïve and TCM phenotype. Furthermore, the Eomes− population was shown to linearly decrease with age, while the Eomes+ population exhibited more senescence‐associated characteristics, such as CD57 expression and loss of CD28.ConclusionOverall, the KIR+NKG2A + Eomes− CD8+ T‐cell population shares similar characteristics with the Eomes+ population, although with a lower degree of differentiation, lower senescence marker expression, and a proportional decrease with age. Thus, we suspect that KIR+NKG2A + Eomes‐CD8+ T cells may represent a less differentiated stage of the NK‐like CD8+ T‐cell subset.
Implementation of the HIF activator IOX‐2 in routine doping controls – Pilot study data
Authors: Görgens Christian , Guddat Sven , Bosse Christina , Knoop Andre , Geyer Hans , Thevis Mario 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEarly in 2020, racehorse doping cases revolved around the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) activator IOX‐2. While the composition of IOX‐2 has also been known and monitored in human doping controls for several years, the testing capability of routine sports drug testing methods was revisited for this newly surfaced doping agent. IOX‐2 and the analytically well‐established HIF activator roxadustat (FG‐4592) share identical precursor/product ion pairs, enabling their co‐detection in existing initial testing procedures in routine doping controls for the intact unconjugated analytes. In addition, hydroxylated IOX‐2 and the corresponding glucuronic acid conjugates were identified as major metabolites in a microdose elimination study, contributing to enhanced initial testing and confirmation procedures.
Heart failure in COVID‐19 patients: prevalence, incidence and prognostic implications
Authors: Rey Juan R. , Caro‐Codón Juan , Rosillo Sandra O. , Iniesta Ángel M. , Castrejón‐Castrejón Sergio , Marco‐Clement Irene , Martín‐Polo Lorena , Merino‐Argos Carlos , Rodríguez‐Sotelo Laura , García‐Veas Jose M. , Martínez‐Marín Luis A. , Martínez‐Cossiani Marcel , Buño Antonio , Gonzalez‐Valle Luis , Herrero Alicia , López‐Sendón José L. , Merino José L. ,   for the CARD‐COVID Investigators
Published: August 2020

AimsData on the impact of COVID‐19 in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and its potential to trigger acute heart failure (AHF) are lacking. The aim of this work was to study characteristics, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection and a prior diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Further aims included the identification of predictors and prognostic implications for AHF decompensation during hospital admission and the determination of a potential correlation between the withdrawal of HF guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) and worse outcomes during hospitalization.Methods and resultsData for a total of 3080 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection and follow‐up of at least 30 days were analysed. Patients with a previous history of CHF (n = 152, 4.9%) were more prone to the development of AHF (11.2% vs. 2.1%; P < 0.001) and had higher levels of N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide. In addition, patients with previous CHF had higher mortality rates (48.7% vs. 19.0%; P < 0.001). In contrast, 77 patients (2.5%) were diagnosed with AHF, which in the vast majority of cases (77.9%) developed in patients without a history of HF. Arrhythmias during hospital admission and CHF were the main predictors of AHF. Patients developing AHF had significantly higher mortality (46.8% vs. 19.7%; P < 0.001). Finally, the withdrawal of beta‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers was associated with a significant increase in in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsPatients with COVID‐19 have a significant incidence of AHF, which is associated with very high mortality rates. Moreover, patients with a history of CHF are prone to developing acute decompensation after a COVID‐19 diagnosis. The withdrawal of GDMT was associated with higher mortality.
Multipath TCP security over different attacks
Authors: Chaturvedi Rajnish Kumar , Chand Satish 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to the increasing demand for bandwidth and availability of multi‐homed devices, the Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is an emerging protocol that uses multiple paths simultaneously to transfer the data, seamlessly utilizing their bandwidth. The security is an important issue in a system especially the communication network system. Since there are multiple paths in MPTCP, it has many doors open to an adversary especially at the time of connection initiation. These attacks include the man‐in‐the‐middle attack (MM), denial‐of‐service (DOS) attack, and SYN flooding attack. This article proposes a new opportunistic security protocol, named as secure connection multipath TCP (SCMTCP), that uses the elliptic curve cryptography to generate the secret key. It also uses a third‐party certificate authority to ensure the authenticity of public keys exchanged between the communicating parties. The SCMTCP generates a session key at the time of initial handshake (with MP_CAPABLE option) and protects the MPTCP from the man‐in‐the‐middle attack. It generates a unique authentication key for each new subflow within the host using the session key to authenticate them and protects the MPTCP from DoS and SYN flooding attacks. This article analyzes the security complexity of the SCMTCP using the random oracle model and shows that it is not possible for an attacker to get any security key and breaks the MPTCP security.
The effect of natural fractures on CO2storage performance and oil recovery from CO2and WAG injection in an Appalachian basin reservoir
Authors: Raziperchikolaee Samin , Pasumarti Ashwin , Mishra Srikanta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNatural fractures affect both the oil recovery from the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process and the associated CO2storage during and after EOR. The main objective of this study is to evaluate two performance parameters: (1) oil recovery during CO2and water alternating gas (WAG) injection, and (2) CO2storage, during and after EOR, in a fractured oil reservoir of the Appalachian basin. While previous studies have shown the potential of CO2‐EOR to enhance oil recovery in the Appalachian basin, this work investigates WAG performance in comparison to continuous CO2‐EOR. A compositional numerical modeling approach was used to quantify the incremental oil recovery stemming from incorporating natural fractures. History matching of primary production and CO2huff‐and‐puff pilot test for a well producing from a depleted oil field in Ohio was used to assign the fracture network parameters in the dual continuum model. The scenarios modeled include continuous CO2and WAG injection under two injection pore volumes. Each scenario is followed by a CO2storage phase. These simulations help evaluate the performance of different scenarios in terms of oil recovery and CO2storage. Simulation results show how oil recovery and CO2storage vary significantly as a function of operational parameters. The results also show the amount of CO2stored during WAG injection is significantly lower than that stored during the storage phase at the end of oil recovery. In addition, the operational parameters during WAG affect the amount of CO2stored at the end of following storage phase. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold, uranium, thorium, and rare earth mineralization in the Kadiri Volcanic Province of Eastern Dharwar Craton, India: An evaluation of mineralogical, textural, and geochemical attributes
Authors: Manikyamba Chakravadhanula , Ghose Naresh C , Ganguly Sohini , Pahari Arijit , Sindhuja Challa Satyasri 
Published: August 2020

In this article, we present the textural, mineralogical, and geochemical studies of a suite of volcanic rocks and their economic mineral potential from the Kadiri Volcanic Province (KVP) – a greenstone belt in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) of southern peninsular India. The volcanic rocks are represented by primary pyroclastic deposits dominated by tuff breccia, minor lapilli tuff, and pyroclastic flows together with lava flows, namely, metabasalts, andesites, dacites, and rhyolites. Metabasalts and high‐Mg andesites in the KVP are associated with sporadic occurrences of disseminated‐type gold. The ancient works on gold are confined to the ductile‐brittle shear zones in en‐echelon pattern. The source of gold is likely to be from deep fractures (>200 km) at mantle depths that paved the magma to move upper crustal levels due to partial melting of peridotites which tapped the siderophile elements (Au–Ag) from deeper source. Some andesites and dacites contain atomic minerals [uranium, thorium, and rare earth element (REE)], which requires attention in future studies. Monazite occurring in such dacites is a major source of REE such as cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), and Yttrium (Y), contributing 50–60% of REEs. Presence of thorite (ThSiO4) in dacite, a metamict mineral, strongly radioactive containing upto 10% uranium (U). This study confirms multi‐metal mineralization in KVP, for example, gold, silver, atomic (U and Th), rare‐earths along with base metals.Emplacements of rhyolite and alkali granite appears to be synchronous with the major thermal event at 2.51 Ga of the Dharwar Craton. The diverse volcanic associations are formed in a subduction–accretion orogeny at ~2.7 Ga, coeval with the global accretion event and gold mineralization. Au–U–Th–REE abundances in the composite arc‐back arc system of Kolar‐Hutti‐Kadiri‐Jonnagiri greenstone belts of EDC are primarily attributed to devolatilization and melting of subducted oceanic slab, fluid‐fluxed metasomatism of mantle wedge and elemental cycling associated with different stages of subduction.
The risk factors for postoperative delirium in adult patients after hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Juan , Yin Yushuang , Jin Man , Li Bixi 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesPostoperative delirium (POD) is the most common complication in patients after hip fracture surgery, and the incidence of POD is associated with mortality and disability in patients following hip fracture surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the individual as well as anesthetic and operative risk factors associated with the POD in adult patients after hip fracture surgery.MethodsWe searched relevant articles published to February 2020 in Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase. Studies involving adult patients who underwent hip fracture surgery were regarded as relevant if the studies contained the individual or anesthetic and surgical characteristics of participants. The pooled relative risk ratios (RRs) or weight mean difference of the variables were estimated by the Mantel‐Haenszel or Inverse‐Variance methods.ResultsA total of 44 studies were included, which altogether included 104572 participants with hip fracture surgery (17703 patients with POD and 86869 patients without POD) and the incidence of POD was 16.93%. A total of 14 risk factors, classified into two categories which were individual as well as anesthetic and operative factors, were identified originally, which included age (weight mean difference [WMD]:2.33;95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.64‐3.03), sex (RR: 0.89; 95% CI:0.85‐0.93), American society of Anesthesiologists classification(RR:0.56; 95%CI:0.51‐0.59), body mass index (WMD:–0.62; 95%CI:–0.81 to –0.44), function dependency(RR:1.52; 95% CI:1.24‐1.87), visual impairment (RR:1.62; 95% CI: 1.16‐2.27), smoking (RR:0.86; 95% CI:0.79‐0.94), preoperative delirium (RR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.50‐2.72), dementia (RR:2.60; 95% CI:2.50‐2.72), hypertension (RR: 1.10; 95% CI:1.04‐1.15), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR:1.08; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.16), regional anesthesia (RR:1.20; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.43), transfusion (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.22‐1.63), and elective surgery (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84‐0.99).ConclusionsPatients possessed above risk factors might be high‐risk patients. Clinician should maintain keen vigilance at those patients.
Are serum cholesterol levels associated with cognitive impairment and depression in elderly individuals without dementia?: A retrospective cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Han Kyu‐Tae , Kim Seung Ju 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesAs aging progresses, older adults experience several health changes, including changes in cholesterol levels, which increases their risk for other diseases. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to cognitive impairment and depression, which may be due to several factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum cholesterol level and cognitive impairment and depression in older adults.MethodsThis study used senior cohort data from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea. A total of 128 371 participants contributed repeated measures to this dataset. Cognitive impairment was measured via a self‐reported questionnaire and depression was measured using claim data. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify associations between serum cholesterol level and cognitive impairment and depression, including subgroup analyses by sex.ResultsThere was no significant association between low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), total cholesterol (TC), or triglycerides (TG) with cognitive impairment. Low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) was significantly associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, whereas high HDL‐C was associated with lower cognitive impairment. Higher LDL‐C was significantly associated with lower depression. Higher TC also was significantly associated with depression.ConclusionHDL‐C is associated with depressive symptoms, and may be a key factor in predicting psychiatric symptoms or cognitive decline. Our study suggest that routine health screenings may aid in the early detection of high‐risk individuals.
The position of shareholders in the restructuring proceedings of distressed companies: From a shareholders' veto power to their duty to enforce (Aufopferungs‐ or Duldungspflicht) a restructuring plan
Authors: Benedetti Lorenzo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of the position of equity holders in restructuring proceedings, tackling a new issue in the overall European scenario of insolvency law, where innovative rules have been introduced on this topic in Germany (ESUG), France (loi Macron), Spain (ley concursal), besides the new provisions laid down by the EU Preventive Restructuring Directive. Overall, these rules target the same outcome, while relying on different tools, namely, to overcome the veto power of shareholders in the enforcement of an approved and confirmed restructuring plan. Shareholders can in fact resort to their veto power pursuant to company law when dealing with structural operations having an impact on the property structure of a distressed company, that is, a debt‐equity‐swap. This article focuses on the rules governing the position of shareholders as laid down in Article 163, paragraph 5 and Article 185, paragraph 6 of the Italian Insolvency Law (IIL), in force since 2015, which will be probably amended in September 2021 by Articles 90 and 118 of the new Italian Crisis and Insolvency Code (ICC). The article ultimately provides a comparison with the legal framework in other European countries as well as in the EU Preventive Restructuring Directive. Many issues arise from the new Italian regulation, in particular regarding its field of application, its relationship and its coordination with company law and the protection of shareholders' property in the shares.
Religiosity and financial distress in U.S. firms
Authors: Gharbi Ines , Hamed‐Sidhom Mounira , Hussainey Khaled , Ganouati Janet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn our paper, we test the global impact of religiosity on firm's durability. Given that religious firms are more ethics and take less risk, they avoid the costs of misconduct, and they benefit from the good reputation and the excellent relationship with their stakeholders. So, we predict that higher degrees of religiosity can reduce the financial distress. According to this prediction, we detect that corporates headquarters situated in more religious U.S. counties are probably less to suffer from financial problems. We also note that this negative relation becomes stronger during the crisis period. We conclude that the lack of religiosity is a significant cause of the financial difficulty.