bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sztuczne sieci neuronowe i teledetekcja w ocenie porażenia pszenicy jarej fuzariozą kłosów
Authors: Golka Wiesław , Arseniuk Edward , Golka Adrian , Góral Tomasz 
Published: December 2020

Celem prac badawczych było wykorzystanie teledetekcji oraz sztucznych sieci neuronowych w ocenie pszenicy jarej pod względem reakcji na fuzariozę kłosów wywoływaną przez grzyby z rodzaju Fusarium spp. Prace badawcze wykonano na roślinach 4 odmian pszenicy jarej. Były to: KWS Torridon i Izera – o wyższej odporności, Radocha i Nawra – o odporności niższej na ww. patogena. Wykonano zdjęcia zdrowych oraz porażonych kłosów wszystkich odmian, które następnie przetworzono przy użyciu programu Crops Vegetation Control Lab (CVC Lab.). Na podstawie uzyskanych obrazów utworzono ich reprezentacje w postaci sieci neuronowych Growing Neural Gas (GNG). W wyniku analizy zdjęć uzyskano 240 wzorców, z których wybrano po 6 bazowych wzorców choroby dla każdej odmiany. Następnie dokonano porównania próbek porażonych kłosów danej odmiany z bazowymi wzorcami chorobowymi tej samej odmiany pszenicy. W wyniku porównania wzorców roślin zdrowych i porażonych ze zdjęciami poletek roślin zdrowych i porażonych uzyskano zróżnicowanie wartości liczbowych dającej podstawę do konstrukcji mapy zdrowotności plantacji pszenicy z wyszczególnieniem ognisk choroby.
Rozwój chorób grzybowych oraz wysokość plonu bulw w zależności od zakresu ochrony
Authors: Pietraszko Milena 
Published: December 2020

W latach 2014‒2016 w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin Oddział w Jadwisinie przeprowadzono doświadczenie mające na celu ocenę wpływu różnej intensywności ochrony chemicznej na porażenie roślin ziemniaka przez Phytophthora infestans i Alternaria spp. oraz wielkość plonu bulw. Badano odmiany różnej wczesności i odporności na zarazę. Porównywano trzy warianty ochrony fungicydowej: obiekt kontrolny (bez ochrony), ochrona ograniczona (1‒3 zabiegi) i ochrona intensywna (4‒5 zabiegów). Udowodniono wpływ lat badań, ochrony i odmian na rozwój chorób grzybowych oraz wysokość plonu bulw. Średnio dla lat badań, najniższy stopień porażenia roślin alternariozą oraz najwolniejsze tempo szerzenia zarazy i jednocześnie największy plon bulw odnotowano w kombinacji z ochroną intensywną. Wzrost plonów spowodowany działaniem fungicydów wyniósł średnio 19%. Największy średni wzrost plonu – 21,3%, uzyskano dla wariantu ochrony intensywnej w porównaniu do obiektu kontrolnego. Istotne zróżnicowanie pomiędzy ochroną intensywną a ograniczoną pod względem rozwoju chorób i wielkości plonu było uzależnione od presji patogenów w danym roku badań.
Wartość hodowlana wybranych odmian jabłoni (Malus domestica) pod względem odporności na parcha i mączniaka jabłoni
Authors: Lewandowski Mariusz , Keller-Przybyłkowicz Sylwia 
Published: December 2020

Celem badań była ocena przydatności kilku odmian jabłoni do hodowli nowych genotypów odpornych/mało podatnych na parcha i mączniaka jabłoni w oparciu o ich ogólną (GCA) i specyficzną zdolność kombinacyjną (SCA). Stopień porażenia siewek jabłoni, stanowiących potomstwo 11 genotypów jabłoni, krzyżowanych w układzie czynnikowym: ♀4 × ♂7 – 4 odmiany mateczne (‘Alwa’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Free Redstar’, ‘Gold Milenium’) i 7 odmian ojcowskich (‘Glogierówka’, ‘Kronselka’, ‘Kosztela’, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Oliwka Żółta’, ‘Malinowa Oberlandzka’, ‘Koksa Pomarańczowa’) przez oba patogeny oceniono w lipcu 2019 r. Istotnie ujemną wartość efektu GCA dla stopnia porażenia siewek przez parcha jabłoni oszacowano dla odmiany ‘Free Redstar’. Wskazuje to, że odmiana ta jest donorem genów warunkujących ‘odporność’ lub małą podatność na parcha jabłoni u potomstwa. Istotnie ujemną wartość efektu GCA dla stopnia porażenia siewek przez mączniaka jabłoni oszacowano dla odmiany ‘Free Redstar’. Oznacza to, że genotyp ten jest donorem genów warunkujących ‘odporność’ lub małą podatność na mączniaka jabłoni u siewek. Negatywne efekty SCA dla stopnia porażenia siewek przez parcha jabłoni uzyskano dla 3 rodzin mieszańców: ‘Free Redstar’ × ‘McIntosh’, ‘Alwa’ × ‘Malinowa Oberlandzka’ i ‘Alwa’ × ‘McIntosh’. Oznacza to, że w przypadku tych rodzin genetyczne współdziałanie obu genotypów rodzicielskich warunkuje ‘odporność’ lub małą podatność roślin na parcha jabłoni.
Rare earth element partitioning between fluids and uraninite at 50−700 °C
Authors: Shabaga Brandi M. , Fayek Mostafa , McNeil Alysha , Linnen Robert L. , Potter Eric G. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Uranium deposits are globally diverse, occurring in a wide variety of geological settings and ranging in age from Archean to Holocene. As a result, understanding the mechanisms involved in the genesis and subsequent alteration of these complex deposits is challenging. Building on recent work on the geochemical signatures of uraninite, a series of experiments were designed to document the partitioning of rare earth elements between uraninite and fluids over a range of temperatures and to explore the impact of O and H diffusion, under reducing conditions, on U-Pb isotope systematics and rare earth element concentrations in uraninite.
Our results show that O and H diffusion in the presence of a rare earth element-rich fluid, under reducing conditions, has no effect on rare earth element concentrations and patterns or U-Pb isotopic compositions of uraninite. Our results also show that temperature (300 to 700 °C) has no effect on the rare earth element patterns, indicating that the dominant control on rare earth element concentration in uraninite is the metal source(s), the ability of the fluids to transport rare earth elements without inducing fractionation, and the degree of recrystallization. These results have implications for nuclear forensics, as well as for our understanding of the genesis of uranium-bearing ore deposits.
Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy of Synthetic Amphiboles: I. The OH Librational Bands and the Determination of the OH-F Content of Richterites via Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Della Ventura Giancarlo , Hawthorne Frank C. , Mihailova Boriana , Sodo Armida 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Unpolarized FTIR and Raman spectra were collected in the regions 4000–4600 cm–1 (NIR) and 100–4000 cm–1 from previously synthesized and characterized amphiboles in the systems richterite–fluoro-richterite, potassic-richterite–potassic-fluoro-richterite, rubidium-richterite–rubidium-fluoro-richterite, and potassic-richterite–deuterated potassic-richterite. The NIR spectra of Na-, K-, and Rb-richterites have peaks at 4325, 4210 cm–1, and 3735–3730 cm–1. All three peaks decrease in intensity with increasing F content, indicating that the higher-energy peaks are combination bands involving the principal OH-stretch at 3735–3730 cm–1 and two OH-libration modes, the frequencies of which can be calculated from the relation ωcombination ≈ ωOH + ωlibration; these are 590 and 475 cm–1, respectively. The FTIR spectra of the richterite–fluoro-richterite and potassic-richterite–potassic-fluoro-richterite series show decreasing intensity and eventual disappearance of the band at ∼600 cm–1 with increasing F in accord with the assignment of this band as due to OH-libration. Raman spectra of the potassic-richterite–deuterated potassic-richterite amphiboles in the low-energy region show the disappearance of two peaks at 585 and 473 cm–1 that we have assigned to OH-libration modes. Collectively, these spectroscopic results indicate that there are two OH-libration modes at ∼590 and ∼475 cm–1 in these synthetic richterites and, by implication, in all monoclinic OH-bearing amphiboles with filled A sites. Similarly to FTIR, the relative intensities of the stretching modes associated with OH-A-OH and OH-A-F local configurations in the Raman spectra provide a reliable estimation of the F content in these A site-filled amphiboles.
A Canadian Massage Therapy Education Environmental Scan
Authors: Baskwill, PhD, MSc, BEd, RMT Amanda , Sumpton, BScN Bryn , Shipwright, BA(Hons), RMT Stacey , Atack, PhD Lynda , Maher, PhD Janet 
Published: December 2020

Background: Massage therapists have been a part of Canadian’s health care since 1919. The profession has gone through great change over the past 100 years including adjustments to entry-to-practice education. An important recent change was the implementation of massage therapy (MT) education program accreditation. In light of the likely disruption as a result of programs becoming accredited, a
scan of the current state of MT education in Canada was undertaken.
Methods: An environmental scan informed by seminal medical education efforts was used to describe the thoughts and opinions of MT education stakeholders in Canada. Specifically, stakeholders were interviewed regarding the current state of MT education and their comments were analyzed for common themes.
Results: Twenty-one stakeholders participated. Four themes were constructed: variation, isolation, stagnation, and accreditation. Variation is described as the impact of differences in content and quality of the education provided in MT colleges. Isolation is described as the feeling of the participant being separated, or disconnected, from the regulator, accreditor, or colleagues due, at least in part, to a lack of communication or networking opportunities. Stagnation is described as a lack of activity, growth, or development within MT education. Participants talked about accreditation, both as a solution for some of the challenges previously mentioned, and as a potential challenge in itself.
Conclusions: Several challenges to MT education were described by stakeholders that they hoped would be remedied by national MT program accreditation. Despite some limitations, this environmental scan forms a baseline for stakeholder views on massage education in Canada upon which future comparisons can be made. While the environmental scan results are most useful when applied to the MT in Canada context, stakeholders in other countries may also find them interesting and valuable when considering challenges facing their own education programs.
Practice-Based Research Networks and Massage Therapy: a Scoping Review
Authors: Zabel, MA Samantha , Munk, PhD, LMT Niki 
Published: December 2020

Background: Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are means to connect practitioners with researchers and increase the body of rigorous research. PBRNs have been used in medicine for decades, but efforts to create PBRNs in massage therapy (MT) are limited.
Purpose: Examine and describe the amount of and nature of MT-related publications derived from PBRN-supported endeavors.
Publication Selection: Databases: Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Google Scholar. Keywords: massage, massage therapy, practice-based research network, PBRN. Key items: publication year, operating PBRN, article type, study design, general theme, massage therapist involvement/MT application. Inclusion Criteria: studies conducted through a PBRN using MT/massage therapists as an investigated factor; articles/editorials focused on PBRN-related MT research.
Results: Initial database search resulted in 444 records; 40 articles included in analysis from database search, PBRN website access, and PBRN staff contacts. Publication dates ranged from 2005 to 2019, with nearly all published since 2013. Nine PBRNs published 29 articles based on 20 studies and sub-studies as research papers (n=21) or poster/oral presentation abstracts (n=8), and articles discussing the need for PBRNs in MT (n=8). Most research studies were conducted as surveys (n=21), examining practice characteristics (n=9) and patient perspectives/utilization (n=7). Three articles discussing PBRNs in MT were not connected to any specific PBRN.
Conclusion: The PBRN model holds promise to further the field of MT, but implementation needs significant development. Promoting the creation and growth of massage-specific PBRNs should be a focus of professional associations and research institutions to expand the body of scientific evidence supporting MT. While the United States has had the most PBRN-related research efforts, a sustainable implementation model is not evident as highlighted by inactivity from US-based PBRNs after initial productivity. An Australian PBRN may serve as a needed sustainability model for massage-related PBRNs in the US if their productivity trajectory continues.
Multidirectional Mass Accretion and Collimated Outflows on Scales of 100–2000 au in Early Stages of High-mass Protostars
Authors: Goddi C. , Ginsburg A. , Maud L. T. , Zhang Q. , Zapata Luis A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We observed the W51 high-mass star-forming complex with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array’s longest-baseline configurations, achieving an angular resolution of ∼20 mas, corresponding to a linear resolution of ∼100 au at D
W51 = 5.4 kpc. The observed region contains three high-mass protostars in which the dust continuum emission at 1.3 mm is optically thick up to a radius ≲1000 au and has brightness temperatures ≳200 K. The high luminosity (≳104
L
⊙) in the absence of free–free emission suggests the presence of massive stars (M ≳ 20 M
⊙) at the earliest stages of their formation. Our continuum images reveal remarkably complex and filamentary structures arising from compact cores. Molecular emission shows no clear signs of rotation or infall on scales from 150 to 2000 au; we do not detect disks. The central sources drive young (t
dyn ∼ 100 yr), fast (v ∼ 100 km s−1), powerful (

M
⊙ yr−1), collimated outflows. These outflows provide indirect evidence of accretion disks on scales r ≲ 100–500 au (depending on the object). The active outflows are connected to fossil flows that have different orientations on larger spatial scales, implying that the orientations of these small disks change over time. These results together support a variant of an accretion model for high-mass star formation in which massive protostars do not form a large, stable Keplerian disk during their early stages but instead accrete material from multiple massive flows with different angular momentum vectors. This scenario therefore contrasts with the simplified classic paradigm of a stable disk+jet system, which is the standard model for low-mass star formation, and provides experimental confirmation of a multidirectional and unsteady accretion model for massive star formation.
Imaging the Dusty Substructures due to Terrestrial Planets in Planet-forming Disks with ALMA and the Next-generation Very Large Array
Authors: Harter Sarah K. , Ricci Luca , Zhang Shangjia , Zhu Zhaohuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present simulations of the capabilities of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and of a next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) to detect and resolve substructures due to terrestrial planets and super-Earths in nearby planet-forming disks. We adopt the results of global 2D hydrodynamical planet–disk simulations that account for the dynamics of gas and dust in a disk with an embedded planet. Our simulations follow the combined evolution of gas and dust for several thousand planetary orbits. We show that long integrations (several tens of hours) with the ngVLA can detect and spatially resolve dust structures due to low-mass rocky planets in the terrestrial planet formation regions of nearby disks (stellocentric radii r = 1–3 au), under the assumption that the disk viscosity in those regions is low (α ≤ 10−5). ALMA is instead unable to resolve these structures in these disk regions. We also show that high-resolution ngVLA observations separated by several days to a few weeks would allow us to detect the proper motion of the azimuthally asymmetric structures expected in the disk regions of terrestrial planet formation.
Spectral Modeling Using Radiative Transfer Theory with Packing Density Correction: Demonstration for Saturnian Icy Satellites
Authors: Kolokolova Ludmilla , Ito Gen , Pitman Karly M. , McMichael Kirsten , Reui Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate the capabilities of the radiative transfer theory with packed media correction (RTT-PM) in analyzing spectral data of planetary surfaces by modeling to first order the shape and band depths of spectra of icy satellites of Saturn acquired by Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS). The RTT-PM is an efficient and physically strict numerical method that employs a packing density correction, the static structure factor, to single-scattering properties of particles to simulate the light scattering by densely packed media. Originally created for layers formed by spherical homogeneous particles, the RTT-PM method has been recently updated to treat particles of arbitrary shapes and structures, including aggregates. We apply the RTT-PM method to roughly model Cassini VIMS spectra from Dione, Rhea, and Tethys as layers of spherical particles versus aggregates. The shape and structure of particles strongly affect the modeled spectra; the best model comparisons to the VIMS spectra were obtained when the surface icy particles were assumed to be small aggregates consisting of micron-sized monomers, which may imply rather compact, irregular particles. Our results suggest that presenting the icy regolith as a dense layer of nonspherical particles may noticeably affect the modeling results and bring a better understanding of the satellite surface structure and composition. The RTT-PM demonstrated itself to be a powerful tool for such studies: we computed a reflectance for 22 wavelengths within minutes using a regular desktop computer. The combination of such high efficiency and physical strictness makes the RTT-PM method advantageous for analyzing large spaceborne instrument data sets.
Method for IOL Power Calculation in the Second Eye of Patients With Previous Keratorefractive Surgery
Authors: Lin Shawn R. , Nutkiewicz Max , Rasheed Haroon , Nejad Mitra , Hamilton D. Rex 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE:
To describe and evaluate a method for calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power in the second operative eye of patients with a history of keratorefractive surgery.

METHODS:
All eyes had undergone cataract surgery by a single surgeon from 2015 to 2018. Postoperative outcomes on the first eye (eg, IOL power implanted and postoperative refractive error) were used to back calculate a “Real K” for the first eye. The difference (delta) between the second and first eye topographic simulated keratometry values was then added to the first eye Real K to calculate the second eye Real K. This Real K value was inputted into the Holladay IOL Consultant software as an “alternate K” to derive an accurate IOL power for the second eye. Mean absolute error, mean error, and percentage of eyes on target using the Delta K method were compared with results obtained with intraoperative abserrometry and the Haigis-L and Barrett True-K No History formulas.

RESULTS:

The mean error for the Delta K method was significantly better than the Haigis-L (
P
= .00001) and Barrett True-K No History (
P
= .027) formulas, and on par with intra-operative aberrometry (
P
= .25). The mean absolute error of the Delta K method was significantly better than the Haigis-L formula (
P
= .03). The Delta K mean absolute error was on par with intraoperative aberrometry (
P
= .81) and the Barrett True-K No History formula (
P
= .56).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Delta K mean absolute error is comparable to the Barrett True-K No History formula. The mean error is lower than that calculated with the Barrett True-K No History formula and comparable to intraoperative aberrometry.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(12):826–831.]
Pinhole Pupilloplasty for Higher Order Aberrations: Assessment of Visual Quality and Depth of Focus
Authors: Narang Priya , Holladay Jack , Agarwal Amar , Gracy Helen , Kumar Dhivya Ashok , Sivagnanam Soundari 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE:
To evaluate visual quality and depth of focus under photopic and mesopic light conditions of patients treated with pinhole pupilloplasty (PPP) for corneal higher order aberrations.

METHODS:

This was a prospective, noncomparative, interventional series and PPP was performed with a single-pass four-throw procedure in 14 eyes of 14 patients. After PPP, patients were analyzed with the Clinical Trial Suite machine (M & S Technologies, Inc) that offers a standardized method of recording visual quality. The luminance levels of 85 and 3 cd/m
2
were set for photopic and mesopic lighting conditions, respectively, and uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity were recorded for distance (4 m), intermediate (66 cm), and near (44 cm). Low contrast acuity (LCA) at 10% and mesopic contrast sensitivity function (CSF) with glare on and off at four spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 cycles per degree (cpd) and defocus curve were assessed.

RESULTS:
Under photopic and mesopic conditions, a significant difference was observed postoperatively in uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity for distance, intermediate, and near. The defocus curve demonstrated extended depth of focus that ranged from +1.50 to −2.50 diopters and LCA at 10% demonstrated significant improvement for all cases. For mesopic CSF, a significant improvement was noted at spatial frequencies of 3 and 6 cpd with glare on. With glare off, an improvement was seen at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, and 6 cpd, but not at 12 cpd.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early results demonstrate that PPP provides improved visual quality and extended depth of focus and can be a useful option in cases with higher order aberrations.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(12):812–819.]
Archaeological research at Tié (Kanem, Chad): excavations on Mound 1
Authors: Magnavita Carlos , Bouimon Tchago 
Published: December 2020

Contrairement aux recherches sur son histoire, les recherches archéologiques dans la région tchadienne du Kanem n’ont commencé que très récemment. À l’heure actuelle, les vestiges matériels les plus remarquables sont les ruines de sites en briques cuites destinés aux élites, dont certains sont manifestement associés au sultanat du Kanem-Borno et sont datés de la période du xie au xive siècle de notre ère. Parmi ceux-ci, le lieu nommé Tié se distingue par un certain nombre d’attributs particuliers. Composé d’une enceinte en briques cuites d’environ 3,2 hectares, l’emplacement occupe non seulement la position centrale au sein d’un groupe compact de onze sites plus petits dans le centre du Kanem mais c’est apparemment aussi le plus grand emplacement connu construit uniquement avec des briques cuites. En outre, le lieu possède certaines caractéristiques propres à l’occupation qui ne sont visibles sur aucun des autres sites étudiés à ce jour par les auteurs. Le monticule 1 présente de telles caractéristiques ; c’est le monticule le plus au sud de deux grands monticules de débris du secteur nord-est du site. Des fouilles archéologiques récentes révèlent que le monticule 1 cache les restes d’un énorme bâtiment de plusieurs pièces, en briques cuites, relativement bien conservé, aux murs intérieurs plâtrés. La structure a été érigée au plus tard entre le milieu du xiie et le milieu du xiiie siècle de notre ère et était encore utilisée entre le début du xive et le début du xve siècle. Bien que sa fonction reste floue et sujette à interprétation, la découverte confirme le statut particulier de Tié par rapport aux autres sites en briques cuites destinés aux élites dans la région.