bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration With Three-Dimensional Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Sequences of Deep Peroneal Nerve Compression on Os Intermetatarseum Syndrome
Authors: Sakci Zakir , Aydin Fahri , Tuncer Kutsi , Ogul Hayri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The os intermetatarseum is a rare accessory bone of the foot. It is commonly asymptomatic, as are other such accessory bones of the foot. Nevertheless, when it becomes symptomatic, it can cause “os intermetatarseum syndrome.” Reported here is a case of os intermetatarseum syndrome, which is extremely rarely seen. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are very few cases of os intermetatarseum syndrome in the literature.
Combining traditional and molecular epidemiology methods to quantify local HIV transmission among foreign-born residents
Authors: Tordoff Diana M. , Buskin Susan , Lechtenberg Richard , Golden Matthew R. , Kerani Roxanne P. , Herbeck Joshua T. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
We evaluated the ability for molecular epidemiology to augment traditional HIV surveillance beyond the detection of clusters for outbreak investigation. To do this, we address a question of interest to Public Health – Seattle and King County: what proportion of HIV diagnoses among people born outside of the United States are acquired locally?

Design:
King County residents diagnosed with HIV, 2010–2018.

Methods:
We linked HIV-1 pol gene sequences to demographic information obtained from the National HIV Surveillance System, Public Health – Seattle and King County case investigation and partner services interviews. We determined the likely location of HIV acquisition based on HIV testing, travel histories and cluster-based molecular analyses.

Results:
Among 2409 people diagnosed with HIV, 798 (33%) were born outside of the United States. We inferred the location of acquisition for 77% of people born outside of the United States: 26% likely acquired HIV locally in King County (of whom 69% were MSM, 16% heterosexual), and 51% likely acquired HIV outside of King County (primarily outside of the United States). Of this 77% of people for whom we inferred the location of HIV acquisition, 45% were determined using traditional epidemiology methods and an additional 32% were inferred using molecular epidemiology methods.

Conclusion:
We found that the National HIV Surveillance System misclassified the majority of HIV-infected foreign-born residents as ‘new’ local infections, and that these cases contribute to an overestimate of local incidence. Our findings highlight how molecular epidemiology can augment traditional HIV surveillance activities and provide useful information to local health jurisdictions beyond molecular cluster detection.
Effects of HIV voluntary medical male circumcision programs on sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Matoga Mitch , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Jewett Sara , Hoffman Irving F. , Chasela Charles 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Evidence of the protective effect of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) against HIV is well established. However, evidence of the protective effect of VMMC against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been inconsistent or scarce across different populations and settings. This review summarizes the current evidence on the effect of VMMC for HIV prevention on acquisition and transmission of other STIs in heterosexual men, women, and men who have sex with men (MSM).

Recent findings
Recent findings continue to strongly support the protective effect of male medical circumcision against acquisition and transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human papillomavirus (HPV) and syphilis infections in heterosexual men and women, and bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis in women. There is emerging evidence on the protective effect of VMMC against acquisition of hepatitis B and Mycoplasma genitalium infections in heterosexual men, and HSV-2, HPV, and syphilis in MSM.

Summary
Evidence on the protective effect of VMMC against acquisition and transmission of common STIs is available for heterosexual men and women but more evidence is required for MSM. This review supports policy recommendations for the protective benefits of VMMC against STIs.
Potential and demonstrated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmissible infections
Authors: Ogunbodede Olaitan T. , Zablotska-Manos Iryna , Lewis David A. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
This review considers the potential and demonstrated impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the sexually transmissible infection (STI)/HIV transmission.

Recent findings
COVID-19 increases the vulnerability of those at highest risk of acquiring STI/HIV. Altered health-seeking behaviour, reductions in STI/HIV clinic capacity, service disruptions and redeployment of human resources to assist COVID-19 control efforts have impacted on STI/HIV control programmes. Reports of reduced STI incidence are emerging, but it is hard to determine whether this is real or due to decreased testing during COVID-19 lockdown periods. Fear of COVID-19 and implemented control measures have altered STI/HIV transmission dynamics. Sexual health services adapted to the pandemic by reducing face-to-face patient encounters in favour of telehealth and mail-based initiatives as well as more stringent triage practice. Many sexual health and HIV treatment services now operate at reduced capacity and experience ongoing service disruptions, which necessarily translates into poorer outcomes for patients and their communities.

Summary
In the short-term, COVID-19 related sexual behaviour change is driving STI/HIV transmission downwards. However, the impacts of the global COVID-19 response on sexual health-seeking behaviour and STI/HIV services threaten to drive STI/HIV transmission upwards. Ultimately, the expected rebound in STI/HIV incidence will require an appropriate and timely public health response.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COID/A31.
Ring Sclerosis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Marcus Charles , Baum Yoram , Abiodun-Ojo Olayinka A. , Jani Ashesh B. , Schuster David M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prostate cancer osteoblastic metastases may have different morphologies, and some of these may overlap with certain benign bone lesions. In this series of 5 prostate cancer patients, we describe bone lesions with central lucency and surrounding peripheral sclerosis and their varying appearances on different imaging modalities. Although prostate cancer metastases are commonly associated with sclerotic lesions, they can also present as osteolytic or lucent lesions, and these lesions should be carefully evaluated. The findings emphasize the importance of correlation with prior imaging, comparing findings on different imaging techniques and follow-up to differentiate benign disease from metastatic disease in these situations.
18F-FDG PET/CT for Staging and Response Evaluation in a Rare Case of Childhood Ovarian Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
Authors: Sharma Punit , Ghosh Indranil , Khan Enam Murshed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is an aggressive small cell malignancy. Apart from the central nervous system, they can arise from peripheral sites as well. Ovarian PNETs are extremely rare neoplasms. We here present a case of childhood ovarian PNET, where 18F-FDG PET/CT was efficiently used for staging and response evaluation.
Docetaxel-Induced Interstitial Pneumonitis Detected on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Harmandeep , Das Chandan K. , Kumar Rajender , Mittal Bhagwant Rai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is a commonly performed procedure in the staging of intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer after biochemical recurrence. Uptake of 68Ga-PSMA in benign conditions is also reported in the literature. Docetaxel is the mainstay of treatment in high-volume hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer. The major treatment-emergent adverse drug reactions attributed to docetaxel include myelosuppression, alopecia, and asthenia. Interstitial pneumonitis is seen in less than 2% of docetaxel-treated patients. We present a case of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, wherein docetaxel-induced interstitial pneumonitis was detected on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, after docetaxel treatment.
18F-FDG PET/CT for Monitoring of Disease Progression in Metastatic Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor
Authors: Holzgreve Adrien , Fabritius Matthias P. , Knösel Thomas , Renz Bernhard W. , Lindner Lars H. , Di Gioia Dorit , Bartenstein Peter , Rübenthaler Johannes , Tiling Reinhold 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A 38-year-old woman presented for 18F-FDG PET/CT after multiple intra-abdominal surgical resections of a rare recurrent perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. A solitary pelvic metastasis was detected, but surprisingly exhibited neither increased glucose consumption nor contrast enhancement on CT. Follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT staging in the further disease course revealed multiple abdominal metastases, now, however, with markedly increased 18F-FDG uptake and intraoperatively correlating widespread peritoneal sarcomatosis. This case gives preliminary insight into monitoring of disease progression in metastatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, although the underlying pathophysiological bases for varying 18F-FDG uptake in PET/CT are not yet fully understood.
Easily Applicable Single-incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy Using Straightforward Instrumental Alignment and Conventional Laparoscopic Instruments
Authors: Chong Eui Hyuk , Cho Hye Jung , Jeong Sung Yub , Kim Woo Ram , Choi Sung Hoon 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Laparoscopic appendectomy is one of the most frequently performed operations. As such, single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) is indicated as a feasible and safe procedure comparable to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA). However, novice surgeons face challenges in performing SILA, because the role of the surgeon’s hands is reversed. We introduce an easily applicable technique of SILA by adapting the alignment of CLA.

Methods:
A series of 61 consecutive patients underwent SILA between January 2019 and December 2019 by 4 surgeons at Bundang CHA Medical Center. Acute appendicitis was diagnosed preoperatively by abdomino-pelvis computed tomography or ultrasonography. During the operation, a 3-channel Glove port was used with conventional laparoscopic instruments.

Results:
The study participants consisted of 32 males and 29 females, with a mean age of 26.8 years (range, 4 to 66 y). The mean body mass index was 20.79 kg/m2 (range, 11.89 to 27.04 kg/m2). The mean operation time was 37.5±17.0 minutes. There was only 1 case of conversion with 1 additional port. Eight patients (13.1%) experienced postoperative complications defined by Dindo-Clavien-Strasberg classification: grade 1 wound complication in 7 patients and grade 2 postoperative bowel obstruction in 1 patient. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.5±1.3 days.

Conclusion:
Alignment of the instruments during CLA was successfully implemented into a SILA. Our new, easily applicable SILA technique will decrease the learning curve for novice surgeons in performing single-incision laparoscopic surgery.
Association of Patient Race With Type of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery Performed and Adverse Events
Authors: Cardenas-Trowers Olivia O. , Gaskins Jeremy T. , Francis Sean L. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to determine if there are differences in (1) surgical procedures performed for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and (2) rates of adverse events between racial groups.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women 18 years and older who underwent POP surgery using the 2005–2015 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Race was categorized as Black, White, Hispanic, and other minority. Pelvic organ prolapse procedures were organized into 4 groups: (1) hysterectomy without concurrent POP procedures, (2) vaginal wall repair(s) only without apical suspension, (3) apical suspension with or without vaginal wall repair(s), and (4) obliterative procedures. Patient characteristics and rates of adverse events were noted. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between patient race and surgical procedures performed for POP.

Results
We identified 48,005 women who met the inclusion criteria. Most women who underwent POP surgery were White (79.6% [n = 38,191]). Although only contributing to 4.7% (2,299) of the cohort, Black women experienced higher complication rates compared with White women (10.7% [246] for Black vs 8.9% [3,417] for White women, P < 0.01). Hispanic and other minority women were less likely to undergo an apical suspension than White women (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 0.79 [0.75–0.84] for Hispanic women and 0.78 [0.71–0.86] for other minority women; P < 0.001 for both). Obliterative procedures were more likely to be performed in Black, in Hispanic, and especially in other minority women (aORs, 1.53 [1.20–1.92] for Black, 1.33 [1.12–1.58] for Hispanic, and 3.67 [3.04–4.42] for other minority women; P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions
Racial differences exist among women who undergo POP surgery.
New-Onset Seizures in Three COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Mithani Farhan , Poursheykhi Meryim , Ma Brandy , Smith Robert G. , Hsu Steven H. , Gotur Deepa 
Published: December 2020

Summary:
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 most commonly present in severe cases and range from mild complications, such as headache and dizziness, to severe complications, such as encephalopathy and acute cerebrovascular disease. Seizures, however, are an underreported neurological manifestation of this disease. We present three critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients with EEG monitoring who developed new-onset seizures and encephalopathy up to three-and-a-half weeks after symptom onset. There are several speculated etiologies for the development of new-onset seizures; however, the pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. Testing of coronavirus disease 2019 in the cerebrospinal fluid in addition to extensive research on neurological manifestations is warranted.
Offline perception: an introduction
Authors: Fazekas Peter , Nanay Bence , Pearson Joel 
Published: December 2020

Experiences that are self-generated and independent of sensory stimulations permeate our whole life. This theme issue examines their similarities and differences, systematizes the literature from an integrative perspective, critically discusses state-of-the-art empirical findings and proposes new theoretical approaches. The aim of the theme issue is to foster interaction between the different disciplines and research directions involved and to explore the prospects of a unificatory account of offline perception in general.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
Involuntary autobiographical memories and their relation to other forms of spontaneous thoughts
Authors: Berntsen Dorthe 
Published: December 2020

Involuntary autobiographical memories are memories of personal events that come to mind spontaneously—that is, with no conscious initiation of the retrieval process. Such spontaneously arising memories were long ignored in cognitive psychology, which generally has focused on controlled and strategic forms of remembering, studied in laboratory settings. Recent evidence shows that involuntary memories of past events are highly frequent in daily life, and that they represent a context-sensitive, and associative way of recollecting past events that involves little executive control. They operate by constraints that favour recent events and events with a distinct feature overlap to the current situation, which optimizes the probability of functional relevance to the ongoing situation. In addition to adults, they are documented in young children and great apes and may be an ontogenetic and evolutionary forerunner of strategic retrieval of past events. Findings suggest that intrusive involuntary memories observed clinically after traumatic events should be viewed as a dysfunctional subclass of otherwise functional involuntary autobiographical memories. Because of their highly constrained, situation-dependent and automatic nature, involuntary autobiographical memories form a distinct category of spontaneous thought that cannot be equated with mind wandering.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
Virtual reality training of lucid dreaming
Authors: Gott Jarrod , Bovy Leonore , Peters Emma , Tzioridou Sofia , Meo Stefano , Demirel Çağatay , Esfahani Mahdad Jafarzadeh , Oliveira Pedro Reis , Houweling Thomas , Orticoni Alessandro , Rademaker Anke , Booltink Diede , Varatheeswaran Rathiga , van Hooijdonk Carmen , Chaabou Mahmoud , Mangiaruga Anastasia , van den Berge Erik , Weber Frederik D. , Ritter Simone , Dresler Martin 
Published: December 2020

Metacognitive reflections on one's current state of mind are largely absent during dreaming. Lucid dreaming as the exception to this rule is a rare phenomenon; however, its occurrence can be facilitated through cognitive training. A central idea of respective training strategies is to regularly question one's phenomenal experience: is the currently experienced worldreal, or just a dream? Here, we tested if such lucid dreaming training can be enhanced with dream-like virtual reality (VR): over the course of four weeks, volunteers underwent lucid dreaming training in VR scenarios comprising dream-like elements, classical lucid dreaming training or no training. We found that VR-assisted training led to significantly stronger increases in lucid dreaming compared to the no-training condition. Eye signal-verified lucid dreams during polysomnography supported behavioural results. We discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these findings, in particular the role of synthetic dream-like experiences, incorporation of VR content in dream imagery serving as memory cues, and extended dissociative effects of VR session on subsequent experiences that might amplify lucid dreaming training during wakefulness.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation'.
Hallucinations as intensified forms of mind-wandering
Authors: Fazekas Peter 
Published: December 2020

This paper argues for a novel way of thinking about hallucinations as intensified forms of mind-wandering. Starting from the observation that hallucinations are associated with hyperactive sensory areas underlying the content of hallucinatory experiences and a confusion with regard to the reality of the source of these experiences, the paper first reviews the different factors that might contribute to the impairment of reality monitoring. The paper then focuses on the sensory characteristics determining the vividness of an experience, reviews their relationship to the sensory hyperactivity observed in hallucinations, and investigates under what circumstances they can drive reality judgements. Finally, based on these considerations, the paper presents its main proposal according to which hallucinations are intensified forms of mind-wandering that are amplified along their sensory characteristics, and sketches a possible model of what factors might determine if an internally and involuntarily generated perceptual representation is experienced as a hallucination or as an instance of mind-wandering.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
Impact of mass testing during an epidemic rebound of SARS-CoV-2: A modelling study
Authors: Bosetti Paolo , Tran Kiem Cécile , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Fontanet Arnaud , Lina Bruno , Colizza Vittoria , Cauchemez Simon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe used a mathematical model to evaluate the impact of mass testing in the control of SARS-CoV-2. Under optimistic assumptions, we find that one round of mass testing may reduce daily infections by up to 20-30%. As a consequence, very frequent testing would be required to control a quickly growing epidemic if other control measures were to be relaxed. Mass testing is most relevant when epidemic growth remains limited, thanks to a combination of interventions.
MSDC-0602K, A Novel Insulin-Sensitizer Improves Insulinemia and Fatty Liver Disease Alone and in Addition to Liraglutide in Mice
Authors: Kamm Dakota R. , Pyles Kelly D. , Sharpe Martin C. , Healy Laura , Colca Jerry R. , McCommis Kyle S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/hypothesisInsulin sensitizers and incretin mimetics are antidiabetic agents with vastly different mechanisms of action. Additionally, while thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin sensitizers are associated with the side-effect of weight gain, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) can induce weight loss. We hypothesized that combination therapy with a novel TZD insulin sensitizer and the GLP-1RA Liraglutide would more significantly improve mouse models of diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to individual therapy.Methodsdb/dbmice were treated with the novel TZD MSDC-0602K by oral gavage, Liraglutide (Lira) by s.c. injection, combination 0602K+Lira, or both vehicle solutions. Vehicle-treateddb/+ mice were included as non-obese controls. To assess treatment effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, MS-NASH mice were similarly treated with vehicle, either drug individually, or in combination. Lastly, islets were isolated from C57BL/6J mice to assess glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).Results0602K-treateddb/dbmice displayed slight weight gain but completely corrected glycemia and markedly improved glucose tolerance. Lira slightly reduced body weights and modestly improved glycemia. 0602K+Lira combination still induced slight weight gain but completely corrected glycemia and improved glucose tolerance beyond leandb/+ levels. As expected, 0602K resulted in reduced plasma insulin, whereas Lira further increased the hyperinsulinemia ofdb/dbmice. Surprisingly, 0602K+Lira treatment reduced plasma insulin and C-peptide to the same extent as mice treated with 0602K alone. 0602K did not directly reduce GSIS in isolated islets, thus the reduced insulinemia with 0602K is likely compensatory due to improved insulin action. In the MS-NASH mouse model, both 0602K or Lira alone improved plasma ALT and AST, and liver histology, but more significant improvements were observed with 0602K+Lira combination therapy. 0602K or 0602K+Lira also increased pancreatic insulin content in bothdb/dband MS-NASH mice.ConclusionsMSDC-0602K corrected glycemia and reduced insulinemia when given alone, or in combination with Lira. However, 0602K+Lira combination more significantly improved glucose tolerance indb/dbmice, and more significantly improved liver histology in MS-NASH mice.