bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PBPK Model of Coproporphyrin I: Evaluation of the Impact of SLCO1B1 Genotype, Ethnicity, and Sex on its Inter‐Individual Variability
Authors: Takita Hiroyuki , Barnett Shelby , Zhang Yueping , Ménochet Karelle , Shen Hong , Ogungbenro Kayode , Galetin Aleksandra 
Published: December 2020

Coproporphyrin I (CPI) is an endogenous biomarker of OATP1B activity and associated drug‐drug interactions. In this study, a minimal physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model was developed to investigate the impact of OATP1B1 genotype (c.521T>C), ethnicity, and sex on CPI pharmacokinetics and interindividual variability in its baseline. The model implemented mechanistic descriptions of CPI hepatic transport between liver blood and liver tissue and renal excretion. Key model parameters (e.g., endogenous CPI synthesis rate, and CPI hepatic uptake clearance) were estimated by fitting the model simultaneously to three independent CPI clinical datasets (plasma and urine data) obtained from white (n = 16, men and women) and Asian‐Indian (n = 26, all men) subjects, with c.521 variants (TT, TC, and CC). The optimized CPI model successfully described the observed data using c.521T>C genotype, ethnicity, and sex as covariates. CPI hepatic active was 79% lower in 521CC relative to the wild type and 42% lower in Asian‐Indians relative to white subjects, whereas CPI synthesis was 23% higher in male relative to female subjects. Parameter sensitivity analysis showed marginal impact of the assumption of CPI synthesis site (blood or liver), resulting in comparable recovery of plasma and urine CPI data. Lower magnitude of CPI‐drug interaction was simulated in 521CC subjects, suggesting the risk of underestimation of CPI‐drug interaction without prior OATP1B1 genotyping. The CPI model incorporates key covariates contributing to interindividual variability in its baseline and highlights the utility of the CPI modeling to facilitate the design of prospective clinical studies to maximize the sensitivity of this biomarker.
Photoinitiators use in printed baby bibs and their migration into Tenax® by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Galbiati Edoardo , Pereira Joel , Selbourne Maria do Céu , Poças Fátima 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA simple and accessible gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method was developed to determine photoinitiators (PIs) in plastics for food contact and their migration into Tenax®. The method showed analytical performance suitable for compliance assessment. The limit of detection values found were as follows: for benzophenone and 4‐(4‐morpholinyl)benzaldehyde ~3 μg kg−1 food (6 dm2 kg−1 food), for 4‐methylbenzophenone and ethyl‐4‐(dimethylamino)‐benzoate ~1.5 μg kg−1 food and for 2‐ethylhexyl 4‐(dimethylamino)benzoate ~43 μg kg−1 food. For all the other PIs studied, limits of detection lower than 1 μg kg−1 food were found.The method was applied to analyse samples of plastic baby bibs collected in European market. Results indicate that several unauthorised PIs are in use to print bibs. The most commonly detected PIs were benzophenone detected in nearly all samples and isopropylthioxanthone quantified in 12 out of 22 samples. Several non‐evaluated PIs were detected: triphenyl phosphate, 2‐ethylanthraquinone, 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone, 4‐(4‐methylphenyltio)benzophenone, 1‐hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and 4,4′‐bis(diethylamino)‐benzophenone. These two latter PIs were found at the highest concentration (more than 100 μgg−1).Testing a selection of samples for migration into Tenax® gave results exceeding the applicable migration limit for 1‐hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone with 0.532 mg kg−1 (specific migration limit = 0.01 mg kg−1) and for methyl 2‐benzoylbenzoate with 0.182 mg kg−1 (specific migration limit = 0.05 mg kg−1). Although the results may be affected by a certain overestimation degree given the experimental conditions, they certainly flag an area of potential interest for surveillance and more detailed risk evaluation, particularly because bibs are often not seen by industry as food contact materials, and surveillance actions are not systematically acted.
Template‐Directed Synthesis of Two Dinuclear Ni(II) Complexes together with Their Interconversion, Crystal Structures and DNA‐Binding Studies
Authors: Wang Yang , Wu Zhongyuan , Liu Yuxiu , Liu Yulan , Qiu Yinsheng , Yan Juntao , Cheng Xianzhong , Zhou Guoqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDinuclear Ni(II) macrocyclic complex A ([Ni2L1OAc]ClO4⋅CH3OH⋅H2O) and dinuclear Ni(II) acyclic complex B ([Ni2L2](ClO4)2) were synthesized by condensation between H2L (3,3′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(benzylazanediyl))bis(methylene)bis(2‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐benzaldehyde)) and different molar equivalent 1,3‐propanediamine in the presence of Ni(II) ions. The structures of complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, electrospray mass spectra and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. In complex A, the Ni(II)‐Ni(II) distance was 2.9413(7) Å, bridged by two phenolic oxygens and an acetate anion, while in complex B, it was 3.0540(1) Å, only bridged by two phenolic oxygens. The calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) binding ability was studied through spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, the corresponding binding constant for complexes A and B were 6.45×104 M−1 and 8.65×104 M−1, respectively. The MS revealed that B can transform to A by adding more H2L, and A cannot transform to B in the presence of excess 1,3‐propanediamine.
Overeducation and wages revisited: A two‐cohort comparison and random coefficients approach
Authors: Artz Benjamin , Welsch David M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examine the effect of overeducation on wages by comparing two cohorts from the 1979 and 1997 U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth panels. Using an econometric technique uncommon to the literature, we allow for overeducation to have a disparate impact on wages across individuals by employing random slopes models. Overeducation has a positive marginal effect on wages. Yet, cohort comparisons reveal that the returns to overeducation declined dramatically over time. In the past, surplus schooling in full‐time jobs returned nearly as much as the correct level of education. Presently it returns approximately 50% less than in the past. The effect of undereducation and required education on wages changed as well, but by far less.
Engaging the hands, heads, and hearts in a medical simulation informal learning environment
Authors: Tal Tali , Dallashe Sameer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated the characteristics of a medical simulation‐based informal learning environment (MSBE) of a science center—an environment not yet studied—to understand its uniqueness and its impact on visiting students. In the MSBE, students interact with, and operate, sophisticated simulators which demonstrate a range of medical situations. Visiting students comprised mainly high school students, who do not commonly visit science centers. They included Jewish and Arab students of diverse socioeconomic statuses. Data collection in this mixed‐method study comprised pre‐post open‐ended views and content questionnaires, a semantic difference survey and interviews. To scrutinize student learning and attitude change, we compared the visiting students with a comparison group who did not visit the MSBE. The MSBE enabled mainly collaborative and active/hands‐on learning that helped students visualize and experience abstract ideas and yielded a variety of learning outcomes. We present evidence that the students improved their attitudes toward biology and medicine and improved their understanding of biological principles related to the human body. Addressing both museum learning literature and literature on different types of scientific and health literacies, we highlight the value to student engagement and learning of this unique medical simulation learning environment.
Beyond binary outcomes in climate adaptation: The illustrative case of desalination
Authors: Tubi Amit , Williams Joe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article develops an integrated approach to understanding adaptation outcomes. Current debates tend to consider actions to respond to climate change as either adaptive or maladaptive, leading to binary framings of outcomes as either successful or harmful. To address this, our article considers the vast space that exists between success and failure in climate change adaptation, highlighting the importance of applying the concepts of successful adaptation and maladaptation jointly in analyses of such outcomes. To this end, we develop an integrated framework to examine the major adaptive and maladaptive effects induced by large‐scale seawater desalination. Now a major component of water supply in cities and regions around the world, desalination is increasingly viewed as an adaptation to water challenges linked with climate change. Based on a comprehensive review of the (successful/mal)adaptation literature, we present a matrix that will help academics and practitioners think through the complex and overlapping outcomes of adaptation via desalination in the water sector. We then discuss the insights concerning the configurations of desalination's adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Overall, we present a threefold argument: (1) that examining successful outcomes alongside maladaptive ones enables a more complete and nuanced understanding of the overall effects of adaptation actions and their spatial and temporal distribution; (2) that a consideration of this can help to highlight the tradeoffs and constraints that are inherent in adaptation in order to support decision‐making; and (3) that a more complex approach to adaptation outcomes can assist in problematizing the social‐political drivers and consequences of adaptation.This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Advances in the use of microalgal–bacterial consortia for wastewater treatment: Community structures, interactions, economic resource reclamation, and study techniques
Authors: Mu Ruimin , Jia Yantian , Ma Guixia , Liu Leran , Hao Kaixuan , Qi Feng , Shao Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rise in living standards has generated a demand for higher aquatic environmental quality. The microalgal community and the surrounding organic molecules, environmental factors, and microorganisms, such as bacteria, are together defined as the phycosphere. The bacteria in the phycosphere can form consortia with microalgae through various forms of interaction. The study of the species in these consortia and their relative proportions is of great significance in determining the species and strains of stable algae that can be used in sewage treatment. This article summarizes the following topics: the interactions between microalgae and bacteria that are required to establish consortia; how symbiosis between algae and bacteria is established; microalgal competition with bacteria through inhibition and anti‐inhibition strategies; the influence of environmental factors on microalgal–bacterial aggregates, such as illumination conditions, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and nutrient levels; the application of algal–bacterial aggregates to enhance biomass production and nutrient reuse; and techniques for studying the community structure and interactions of algal–bacterial consortia, such as microscopy, flow cytometry, and omics.Practitioner points

Community structures in microalgal–bacterial consortia in wastewater treatment.
Interactions between algae and bacteria in wastewater treatment.
Effects of ecological factors on the algal–bacterial community in wastewater treatment.
Economically recycling resources from algal–bacterial consortia based on wastewater.
Technologies for studying microalgal–bacterial consortia in wastewater treatment.
Multidisciplinary Teamwork and the Insanity Defence: A Case of Infanticide in Iraq
Authors: Al-Taiar Hasanen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn April 2018, the author had an opportunity to visit Al-Rashad Hospital (where the only forensic psychiatry unit in Iraq exists) and he had the chance to meet with the brave psychiatrists and mental health professionals who worked in the oldest psychiatric hospital in Iraq. The author was amazed by how these colleagues operate amidst all challenges, limited financial resources and funding difficulties.The author was impressed by the work of the forensic psychiatry committee which determines the criminal responsibility of a large number of cases from all over Iraq. He had the chance of attending the Ministry of Health’s specialist panel which determines criminal responsibility for mentally disordered detainees. He attended the assessment of a young lady who was remanded on suspicion of killing her 1 year old son (infanticide). The panel and after two interviews concluded that the suspect had autism and learning disability. The patient was deemed irresponsible for her criminal behaviour and she was eventually granted an equivalent of a hospital treatment order.
Migration Narratives: An Introduction to Part I, Exemplars
Authors: Fulford Bill 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFour common themes about cultural values are identified as exemplified in different ways by the migration narratives presented in this Part: (1)their negative role: the role of cultural values as factors in the causes and presentation of a wide variety of mental health issues; (2)their positive role: the role of cultural values also as positive or protective factors and hence the need in mental health to balance negative and positive roles as they apply in a given individual’s story; (3)narrative understanding: the significance of narrative as a uniquely powerful way of understanding cultural and other values and the range of philosophical resources by which this role is supported; and (4)partnership with science: the essential partnership between values and science in mental health. The significance of these themes as they play out across the book as a whole is indicated.
Living at the Edge of Compromise: Balkan Pluralism as a Resource for Balanced Decision-Making
Authors: Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Fulford Bill 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents a case study from Eastern Europe illustrating Balkan pluralist cultural values as a resource for balanced dissensual decision-making in values-based practice. In responding to his neighbor Ivailo’s request for a loan, Dr. Petrov has to balance the conflicting demands of financial prudence and humanitarian neighborliness. In this, he draws on the Balkan tradition of ‘living at the edge of compromise’ required to survive several centuries of occupation by different colonizing powers. Balkan pluralism so derived provides a counter example to the idea that people are inherently monistic rather than pluralistic in their response to conflicting values and thus opens up new approaches to implementing values-based practice.
Three Points in Time: How Values and Culture Affected My Life, Madness and the People Around Me
Authors: Crepaz-Keay David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter uses three key points in my life to explore the impact of values and cultures on clinical and real-world outcomes. The episodes describe three events that took place over a period of about 20 years. The episodes reflect the then-prevailing values and cultures in psychiatry, broader society and my own experience of living with both a psychiatric diagnosis and the experience of hearing and seeing things. The chapter aims to encourage an understanding of the difference between diagnosis and lived experience and that both can have an impact and explores how both these are directly affected by the cultures and values of everyone involved.
Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder or Neuroenhancement of Socially Accepted Modesty? The Case of Ms. Suzuki
Authors: Sakakibara Eisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents the case of Ms. Suzuki, a modest Japanese woman who had worked as a clerk for more than 20 years. After she was promoted at age 43, she found herself unable to adapt properly to her management position because it required assertiveness and leadership. She saw a psychiatrist following her supervisor’s advice. She had some of the symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD), but it was uncertain whether she met the diagnostic criteria. To elucidate the considerations involved before initiating or refraining from pharmacotherapy, I refer to the ethical debates on neuroenhancement. First, medication would spoil her authenticity, because her modesty is part of her virtue. Second, medicating a person seeing a psychiatrist at her boss’s instigation might constitute a milder form of coercive treatment. Third, diagnosing Ms. Suzuki with SAD seems to endorse her company’s culture, whereas denying her disorder status would affirm Japanese culture’s oppressiveness toward women. When a case lies on the border between normality and pathology, relying on the psychiatric diagnosis for ethical guidance disguises value judgments for matters of fact. Therefore, we should explicitly state the conflicting values and the cultural influences on them to make better clinical decisions.
Dangerous Liaisons: Science, Tradition, and Qur’anic Healing in the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt
Authors: Rashed Mohammed Abouelleil , Van Staden Werdie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis Chapter presents the case of a Qur’anic healer in the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt. It identifies the values that the healer is seeking to promote and the cultural influences on his beliefs and practices. The Chapter demonstrates the interplay of traditional practices and scientific concepts and methods, and concludes by considering implications for the development of mental health services in communities such as the Dakhla Oasis.
Values, Meanings, Hermeneutics and Mental Health
Authors: Wong Michael TH 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA patient with neuropsychiatric symptoms was presented. The relevance of hermeneutics to the explanation and understanding of her illness experience and expression was highlighted. Her illness narrative was reviewed as a multi-layered discourse, and the clinical outcome through this hermeneutic analysis and intervention was reported. The complex interplay between values culture and meaning in the experience and expression of mental illness was summarized, demonstrating how hermeneutics facilitates values-based practice (VBP) to promote mental health and well-being.
Disha: Building Bridges-Removing Barriers: Where Excluded and Privileged Young Adults Meet
Authors: Natu Sadhana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Chapter aims to detail out the need and process for setting up a Peer Support and Speak Out group in 1992 against the backdrop of early years of globalization in India. The chapter describes how the group has evolved, describing some of the activities and its outcomes. Case studies of Disha Coordinators (using narratives) place before the reader, both the challenges and vantage point views of student diversity. The coordinators are a mix from underprivileged and privileged backgrounds. In the last 27 years, Disha has managed to help students from diverse backgrounds (rural and urban poor, Dalit, Bahujan, urban upper middle class, international students) to come together and look at mental health issues from their varied locations of caste, class, gender, region and reconstitute their identities and look at life afresh. The chapter tries to document some of these rich insights and in doing so attempts to add to the value-based mental health practice from a small margin of the largest democracy in the world that is pushing and challenging the centre.
Theory First: An Introduction to Part II, Theory
Authors: Fulford Bill 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPart II of this book illustrates the importance of cultural values in enriching the philosophical theory underpinning values-based mental health care. Building on the origins of values-based practice in ordinary language philosophy (see Chap. 1), the contributions of a culturally enriched theory to practice are illustrated by the roles, respectively, of aesthetics (Chap. 7), phenomenology (Chaps. 8 and 9), African philosophy (Chaps. 10 and 11) and feminist philosophy (Chap. 12). Chapters 13 and 14 in contrast illustrate how practice may also inform theory. They explore through a series of narrative examples, the boundary of the concept of mental disorder as represented by the contested relationship between spiritual/religious experiences and psychopathology. The selection of topics presented in this Part is representative, though far from exhaustive, of the scope for two-way engagement between culturally enriched philosophical theory and mental health practice.
The Will to Beauty as a Therapeutic Agent: Aesthetic Values in the Treatment of Addictive Disorders
Authors: Scheibenbogen Oliver , Musalek Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAddiction and its comorbid disorders lead not only to massive losses in lifestyle but also to a loss of values. On the other hand, therapy and thus healing always means a resumption of the value discussion. In the present case vignette, the change in values of an alcohol-dependent woman and her turn to the beautiful in the sense of a resource-oriented therapy are described. Enjoying beautiful things led the patient to increase the self-efficacy expectation; at the same time, it was the initial step to emerge from the victim role and to start a self-responsible life again. The Will to Beauty is an integral part of the Orpheus Programme, a resource-oriented therapy for treating substance use disorders and behavioural addictions.
Ethos, Embodiment, Psychosis: Losing One’s Home-Identity Stakes
Authors: Gennart Michèle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn reference to phenomenology, the living body, feeling and acting, is approached as having an essential mediating function: at the same time, it brings us into the world and supports our identity. In “Tania Z’” story, she falls into a serious crisis following her parents’ decision to sell the shared family home. She experiences this not only as a betrayal but also as a loss of the “envelope” that previously allowed her to move safely in the world. She feels hurt even in her own body space and loses her ability to continue living.Tania Z speaks to us in a revealing way of the singular status of the home: a cultural work that can be possessed, transmitted, or destroyed according to certain social rules. But it is also, like the body, a privileged space of the “self,” with the loss of which the subject may be threatened in her or his ability to survive. This is at least what happens in situations of vulnerability where the person needs to rely on a stable physical space to gather as one’s self and feel safe in the world.
Classical sub-subleading soft photon and soft graviton theorems in four spacetime dimensions
Authors: Sahoo Biswajit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Classical soft photon and soft graviton theorems determine long wavelength electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms for a general classical scattering process in terms of the electric charges and asymptotic momenta of the ingoing and outgoing macroscopic objects. Performing Fourier transformation of the electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms in the frequency variable one finds electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms at late and early retarded time. Here extending the formalism developed in [1], we derive sub-subleading electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms which behave like u−2(ln u) at early and late retarded time u in four spacetime dimensions. We also have derived the sub-subleading soft photon theorem analyzing two loop amplitudes in scalar QED. Finally, we conjectured the structure of leading non-analytic contribution to (sub)n-leading classical soft photon and graviton theorems which behave like u−n(ln u)n−1 for early and late retarded time u.