bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the effect of computation sampling on insight error in computational fluid dynamics scientific simulation
Authors: Masiane Moeti , Jacques Eric , Feng Wuchun , North Chris 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to collect data from humans as they generate insights from the visualised results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) scientific simulation. The authors hypothesise the behaviour of their insight errors (IEs) and proceed to quantify the IEs provided by the crowd participants. They then use the insight framework to model the behaviours of the errors. Using the crowd responses and models from the framework, they test the hypotheses and use the results to validate the framework for the speedup of CFD applications.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a randomised between-subjects experiment with blocking. CFD grid resolution is the independent variable while IE is the dependent variable. The experiment has one treatment factor with five levels. In case varying timestamps has an effect on insight variance levels, the authors block the responses by timestep. In total, 150 participants are randomly assigned to one of five groups and also randomly assigned to one of five blocks within a treatment. Participants are asked to complete a benchmark and open-ended task.

Findings
The authors find that the variances of insight and perception errors have a U-shaped relationship with grid resolution, that similar to the previously studied visualisation applications, the IE framework is valid for insights generated from CFD results and grid resolution can be used to predict the variance of IE resulting from observing CFD post-processing results.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other work has measured IE variance to present it to simulation users so that they can use it as a feedback metric for selecting the ideal grid resolution when using grid resolution to speedup CFD simulation.
Animal infection models using non‐mammals
Authors: Kaito Chikara , Murakami Kanade , Imai Lina , Furuta Kazuyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of non‐human animal models for infection experiments is important for investigating the infectious processes of human pathogenic bacteria at the molecular level. Mammals, such as mice and rabbits, are also utilized as animal infection models, but large numbers of animals are needed for these experiments, which is costly, and fraught with ethical issues. Various non‐mammalian animal infection models have been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of various human pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This review discusses the desirable characteristics of non‐mammalian infection models and describes recent non‐mammalian infection models that utilize Caenorhabditis elegans, silkworm, fruit fly, zebrafish, two‐spotted cricket, hornworm, and waxworm.
Prognostic models versus single risk factor approach in first‐trimester selective screening for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective population‐based multicentre cohort study
Authors: van Hoorn F , Koster MPH , Naaktgeboren CA , Groenendaal F , Kwee A , Lamain‐de Ruiter M , Franx A , Bekker MN 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether (1) first‐trimester prognostic models for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) outperform the currently used single risk factor approach, and (2) a first‐trimester random venous glucose measurement improves model performance.DesignProspective population‐based multicentre cohort.SettingThirty‐one independent midwifery practices and six hospitals in the Netherlands.PopulationWomen recruited before 14 weeks of gestation without pre‐existing diabetes.MethodsThe single risk factor approach (presence of at least one risk factor: BMI ≥30 kg/m2, previous macrosomia, history of GDM, positive first‐degree family history of diabetes, non‐western ethnicity) was compared with the four best performing models in our previously published external validation study (Gabbay‐Benziv 2014, Nanda 2011, Teede 2011, van Leeuwen 2010) with and without the addition of glucose.Main outcome measuresDiscrimination was assessed by c‐statistics, calibration by calibration plots, added value of glucose by the likelihood ratio chi‐square test, net benefit by decision curve analysis and reclassification by reclassification plots.ResultsOf the 3723 women included, a total of 181 (4.9%) developed GDM. The c‐statistics of the prognostic models were higher, ranging from 0.74 to 0.78 without glucose and from 0.78 to 0.80 with glucose, compared with the single risk factor approach (0.72). Models showed adequate calibration, and yielded a higher net benefit than the single risk factor approach for most threshold probabilities. Teede 2011 performed best in the reclassification analysis.ConclusionsFirst‐trimester prognostic models seem to outperform the currently used single risk factor approach in screening for GDM, particularly when glucose was added as a predictor.Tweetable abstractPrognostic models seem to outperform the currently used single risk factor approach in screening for gestational diabetes.
Identification of salivary proteins in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci by transcriptomic and LC–MS/MS analyses
Authors: Huang Hai‐Jian , Ye Zhuang‐Xin , Lu Gang , Zhang Chuan‐Xi , Chen Jian‐Ping , Li Jun‐Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a notorious agricultural pest of many crops worldwide. Although it is thought that B. tabaci secretes saliva into the host plant to counter plant defenses, knowledge on the whitefly salivary proteome is limited. Here, we characterized the gene/protein repertoires of B. tabaci salivary glands and secreted saliva by transcriptomic and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy analyses. A total of 698 salivary gland‐enriched unigenes and 171 salivary proteins were identified. Comparative analysis between the B. tabaci salivary proteins and those of different arthropod species revealed numerous similarities in proteins associated with binding, hydrolysis, and oxidation‐reduction, which demonstrates a degree of conservation across herbivorous saliva. There were 74 proteins only identified in B. tabaci saliva, of which 34 were B. tabaci‐specific. In addition, 13 salivary proteins, of which 11 were B. tabaci‐specific, were differentially regulated when B. tabaci fed on different hosts. Our results provide a good resource for future functional studies of whitefly salivary effectors, and might be useful in pest management.
Infliximab plus azathioprine is more effective than azathioprine alone in achieving mucosal healing in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Melek Jan , Štanclová Markéta , Dědek Petr , Malý Jan , Bayer Milan , Pozler Oldřich , Bureš Jan 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesOver the past few years, mucosal healing (MH) has emerged as a promising goal in the treatment of pediatric patients with Crohnʼs disease (CD). We aimed to assess whether combination therapy with infliximab (IFX) + azathioprine (AZA) was more effective than AZA therapy alone in achieving mucosal healing in pediatric patients with CD.MethodsNewly diagnosed pediatric patients with CD at the Department of Pediatrics in University Hospital in Hradec Králové were retrospectively recruited (2000‐2014). The patients were divided into two groups according to the therapy: (a) IFX + AZA ± corticosteroids ± 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (n = 16); and (b) AZA ± corticosteroids ± 5‐ASA (n = 40). The patients were also divided into two groups: “MH” and “no MH,” according to their MH status. MH was defined as the complete endoscopic disappearance of all mucosal ulcerations (including aphthous ulcerations) and the absence of any sign of mucosal inflammation in the terminal ileum and the large bowel.ResultsOf 56 patients, MH was observed in 56% (9/16) treated with combined therapy in comparison with 15% (6/40) of patients in the AZA group (P = 0.006). The median dose of AZA in both groups was 2.1 mg/kg per day. We observed eight adverse events in seven patients from the IFX + AZA group. Adverse effects were less common in the AZA group (P = 0.002).ConclusionCombined therapy (IFX + AZA) was more effective in achieving MH in pediatric CD than treatment with AZA alone.
The role of WNT1 mutant variant (WNT1c.677C>T) in osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Zhang Bashan , Li Rong , Wang Wenfeng , Zhou Xueming , Luo Beijing , Zhu Zinian , Zhang Xibo , Ding Aijiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as “brittle bone disease,” is a rare inherited genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility and often associated with short stature. The mutation in WNT1 causes autosomal recessive OI (AR‐OI) due to the key role of WNT/β‐catenin signaling in bone formation. WNT1 mutations cause phenotypes in OI of varying degrees of clinical severity, ranging from moderate to progressively deforming forms. The nucleotide change c.677C > T is one of the recurrent variants in the WNT1 alleles in Chinese AR‐OI patients. To explore the effects of mutation c.677C > T on WNT1 function, we evaluated the activation of WNT/β‐catenin signaling, cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and osteoclast differentiation in WNT1c.677C>T, WNT1c.884C>A, and wild type WNT1 transfected into MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblasts. Plasmids containing wild type WNT1, WNT1c.677C>T, and WNT1c.884C>A cDNAs were constructed. Protein levels of phosphorylation at serine 9 of GSK‐3β (p‐GSK‐3β), GSK‐3β, nonphosphorylated β‐catenin (non‐p‐β‐catenin), and β‐catenin were detected with western blot. Cell proliferation was determined using MTS. BMP‐2 and RANKL mRNA and protein levels were detected by qPCR and western blot. Our results showed that WNT1c.677C>T failed to activate WNT/β‐catenin signaling and impaired the proliferation of preosteoblasts. Moreover, compared to wild type WNT1, WNT1c.677C>T downregulated BMP‐2 protein expression and was exhibited a diminished capacity to suppress the RANKL protein level. In conclusion, mutation c.677C > T hindered the ability of WNT1 to induce the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway and it affected the WNT/β‐catenin pathway which might potentially contribute to hampered bone homeostasis.
A Cross‐Cultural Analysis of Early Prelinguistic Gesture Development and Its Relationship to Language Development
Authors: Cameron‐Faulkner Thea , Malik Nivedita , Steele Circle , Coretta Stefano , Serratrice Ludovica , Lieven Elena 
Published: August 2020

Many Western industrialized nations have high levels of ethnic diversity but to date there are very few studies which investigate prelinguistic and early language development in infants from ethnic minority backgrounds. This study tracked the development of infant communicative gestures from 10 to 12 months (n = 59) in three culturally distinct groups in the United Kingdom and measured their relationship, along with maternal utterance frequency and responsiveness, to vocabulary development at 12 and 18 months. No significant differences were found in infant gesture development and maternal responsiveness across the groups, but relationships were identified between gesture, maternal responsiveness, and vocabulary development.
Family violence and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in Chinese children: The role of parental alienation and child emotion regulation
Authors: Chen Hui , Lin Xiuyun , Heath Melissa Allen , Ding Wan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of the most common developmental disorders during childhood. The current study examined the mediating role of parental alienation and the moderating role of child Emotion Regulation that had been divided into Lability/Negativity and Emotion Regulation when considering the relation between family violence and ODD symptoms. A sample of 409 children (Mage = 9.36, SD = 1.55) and their parent was recruited from 14 primary schools in China. Parents reported on experiences of family violence, Emotion Regulation and ODD symptoms and children reported on experiences of parental alienation. A mediation path from family violence to ODD symptoms via parental alienation was significant, suggesting that family violence was related to parental alienation, which was further associated with ODD symptoms. The moderation analysis showed family violence interacted with Lability/Negativity, such that higher level of family violence was associated with higher levels of ODD symptoms among children with Lability/Negativity. These findings underscore the necessity of adopting a multilevel perspective in understanding the development of ODD symptoms and the importance of paying more attention to family violence in Chinese family.
Subcostal versus transhepatic view to assess the inferior vena cava in critically ill patients
Authors: Valette Xavier , Ribstein Pierre , Ramakers Michel , du Cheyron Damien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is not always possible through the subcostal (SC) window.MethodsInferior vena cava diameters measured by transhepatic (TH) and SC views were compared by Bland and Altman analysis.Results131 patients were enrolled, including 88 (67%) under mechanical ventilation. The echogenicity was statistically poorer through the TH view in comparison with the SC view (P = .002). The correlation between the SC and TH views was good and better for respiratory variation than for end‐expiratory or end‐inspiratory diameter measurements (r = 0.86). Despite low bias, the limits of agreement were wide (−7.5 and 7.7 mm for end‐expiratory diameter, −8.7 and 8.5 mm for end‐inspiratory diameter, and −5.3 and 5.8 mm for respiratory variation). Complementary analysis showed that the concordance between the SC and the TH views was better when the IVC was distended. However, the limits of agreement remained broad.ConclusionsAlthough feasible in almost all patients, the TH view does not provide better echogenicity in comparison with the SC view. Despite a good correlation with the SC view and a low bias, the limits of agreement were wide, especially when the IVC has an ellipsoidal shape, suggesting caution in the interpretation of data obtained by the TH view.
Speedier delivery: coastal shipping times and speeds during the Age of Sail †
Authors: Bogart Dan , Dunn Oliver , Alvarez‐Palau Eduard J. , Shaw‐Taylor Leigh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a debate about whether coastal shipping experienced substantial productivity growth prior to the advent of steam power. To study changes over the long eighteenth century, this article uses thousands of coastal journey times culled from Board of Trade crew lists between 1835 and 1844 and coastal port books for the mid‐to‐late 1600s, along with a newly digitized coastal network. Comparisons between matched samples show that journey speeds, defined as miles sailed per day, were significantly higher in the crew lists compared to the port books, and that voyage cycle times, defined as days between starting two identical voyages, were substantially lower. The study also shows that voyage times in the east coast coal trade were substantially lower around 1840 than around 1700, but the difference was much smaller when peace years are compared. These new data imply that total factor productivity growth in the east coast coal trade was significant, especially if one accounts for gains from peace after 1815. The findings contribute to the larger literature studying the rate and sources of productivity growth during the industrial revolution.
Impact of interleukin‐6 on drug transporters and permeability in the hCMEC/D3 blood–brain barrier model
Authors: Simon Florian , Guyot Laetitia , Garcia Jessica , Vilchez Gaelle , Bardel Claire , Chenel Marylore , Tod Michel , Payen Léa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective membrane composed predominantly of brain capillary endothelial cells expressing drug efflux transporters that prevent substrates from accessing the brain. Inflammation is associated with central nervous system diseases and can impair BBB permeability via several mechanisms, including altered transporter and cell junction expression. This can modify the brain’s exposure to drugs. However, comprehensive genomic analysis of the impact of interleukin (IL)‐6, which plays a key role in the inflammatory response, on the BBB is lacking. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of exposure of hCMEC/D3 cells to 20 ng/mL IL‐6 for 72 h. We performed RNA sequencing and ABC transporter efflux assays. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) simulations were conducted to evaluate the potential impact of IL‐6 on the digoxin pharmacokinetics profile and brain exposure by decreasing BBB ABCB1 efflux activity. Exposure of hCMEC/D3 cells to IL‐6 triggered the deregulation of numerous genes involved in barrier permeability, such as cell junctions, focal adherens complex, and cell adhesion molecules. We observed mild modification of the mRNA expression and efflux activities of ABC transporters. PBPK simulation showed that, if we only consider the impact of IL‐6 on ABCB1 transporter, the modification of the digoxin pharmacokinetics profile and brain exposure is slight. IL‐6 slightly affected the gene expression levels and activities of ABC transporters on BBB cells, exhibiting a weaker effect than on hepatic cells. However, inflammation may cause other modifications, such as altered BBB permeability, that could modify drug pharmacokinetics.
Structural and rheological properties of medium‐chain triacylglyceride oleogels
Authors: Fayaz Goly , Polenghi Ombretta , Giardina Agata , Cerne Virna , Calligaris Sonia 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis research studied the effect of gelator molecules on structural properties of oleogels containing medium‐chain triacylglycerides (MCTs). To this aim, a large selection of gelators (rapeseed wax RAW, rice wax RW, sunflower wax SW, beeswax BW, monoglycerides MG, and γ‐oryzanol and β‐sitosterol mixture γ+β) at increasing concentrations (5–15% w/w) was considered. Results showed that RAW was not able to structure MCT at any concentration. However, addition of 5% (w/w) of MG, SW and BW resulted to a self‐standing gel. Regarding γ+β and RW, gel structures were generated at 10% (w/w). By increasing the concentration, a reinforcement of the network strength was highlighted by the progressive increase of the rheological parameters. The strongest oleogel obtained by γ+β at 10% (w/w) and further BW and RW at 15% (w/w) concentration. These findings could provide interesting information in the choice of the best performing MCT structuring agent for intended food applications.
The efficacy of administrating a sweet‐tasting solution for reducing the pain related to dental injections in children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ghaderi Faezeh , Ahmadbeigi Mahboobe , Vossoughi Mehrdad , Sardarian Ahmadreza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnaesthetic injections are an unpleasant experience for children in the dental office. Oral intake of sweet substances by newborns has been shown to be effective in reducing pain.AimThe purpose of this study was to determine whether a prior administration of a sweet‐tasting solution has an effect on dental injection pain.DesignA total of 56 healthy children needing bilateral maxillary primary canine extraction were included in this split‐mouth randomized clinical trial. In the test side, dental injection (local infiltration) was applied after the patient received a sweet‐tasting solution, while in the control side sterile water was administered. The patients’ demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and sweet taste preference were recorded. Pain perception during injection was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) and sound, eye, body movement (SEM).ResultsMean VAS (28.30 ± 6.43) and SEM (2.14 ± 0.78) in the test side were lower than the control side (45.80 ± 7.17 and 2.95 ± 1.00). It was shown that higher BMI was associated with reduction in the analgesic effect, while the individual's tendency to sweetness increased pain reduction.ConclusionsSweet taste administration before dental injections in children helps to control the associated pain. This effect is influenced by the individual's sweet taste tendency and BMI.
A new surgical approach of direct perineal wound full‐thick closure for perineal wound of abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma: A prospective cohort trial
Authors: Yang Yong‐Ping , Yu Ling‐Yun , Wang Min , Mu Yu , Li Jian‐Nan , Shang Feng‐Jia , Wu Xian‐Feng , Liu Tong‐Jun , Shi Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPerineal wound complications after APR have high morbidity in the colorectal surgical department. Although some approaches have been figured out to solve this clinical focus, the outcomes are still not satisfied. Herein, this prospective comparative clinical trial has been designed to evaluate a new surgical procedure of direct perineal wound full‐thick closure (DPWC), compared with conventional perineal wound closure (CPWC), with hopes of making wound healing with less complications. In addition, an evaluation of an incision negative wound pressure therapy, as another focus in this field, was also analysed in the DPWC group. A total of 44 participants in our department were recruited from March 2018 to March 2020, divided into two groups randomly, CPWC group and DPWC group. The patients' characteristics, such as age, gender, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidities, CEA level, and high‐risk of invasion, were recorded without statistical significance between the CPWC group and DPWC group. After the same standard abdominal phase, these two groups were performed in different perineal phases. And then, operative and postoperative outcomes were analysed with different statistical methods. Data on wound healing time and length of stay in the DPWC group were shorter than those in the CPWC group (P < .05). Furthermore, cases of wound infection within 30 days in the DPWC group were also less than that in the CPWC group (P < .05). However, no difference was found between the incisional negative pressure wound therapy assisted group (NPA group) and non‐ incisional negative pressure wound therapy assisted group (non‐NPA group). During this study, hypoalbuminemia, as an independent high‐risk factor, impacted perineal wound healing. (P = .0271) In conclusion, DPWC is a new surgical approach, which can lead to a better outcome than DPWC, and it can be another surgical procedure for clinicians. In addition, hypoalbuminemia should be interfered for avoiding perineal wound complications.