bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA08: Re-examining the Interplay between Structure, Cancer, and Cancer Health Policy
Authors: Winn Robert A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current COVID crisis has reminded many of us of the importance of structure on health. Whether the structure is a built environment, housing, education, or of the social construct type, it has significant impact at both the community and on an individual level. Many of the current structures contribute to the large disparities we have witnessed especially during this period of COVID. While there is much talk about the upstream determinants of health, it is important to recognize that these upstream determinants are also affected by the politics, policies, and economic realities of the day. For example, while informal discrimination and segregation has always existed in the US, the start of "Red-Lining" was started with the creation of the National Housing Act of 1934, which established the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). The effects of Red-lining exacerbated and formalized segregation in the US, and the long lasting negative consequences of this policy are still felt today. There are a number of structural issues that have enhanced health disparities and specifically cancer health disparities. We will examine how the history of e.g. of “structural racism” has contributed to cancer health disparities and the current efforts underway to reduce these disparities. We will further discuss the interplay between current existing structures and their contribution to cancer, and the policies that contribute to cancer health disparities. Lastly, we will address the call to action to create beneficial policies that will help eradicate cancer health disparities.
Citation Format: Robert A. Winn. Re-examining the Interplay between Structure, Cancer, and Cancer Health Policy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA08.
Abstract IA09: How Patient Advocates can Advance Cancer Health Equity – Tales from the Frontlines
Authors: Laudico Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the early days of the SARS CoV-2 Coronavirus pandemic, volunteer Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) patient advocates, affiliated with SHARE Cancer Support, launched a podcast dedicated to exploring life with MBC from the perspective of us, the people living with this disease, and the experts who partner with us to help make our lives better. The “Our MBC Life” Podcast was launched on July 27, 2020 and our inaugural episodes were focused on disparities in MBC healthcare for black women. SHARE Cancer Support started in 1976 as an organization of women helping women, and peer support remains central to SHARE’s work today. It has now grown into a national nonprofit support organization for women affected by breast cancer, MBC, ovarian and uterine cancer. We meet the needs of women wherever they are, especially in medically underserved communities. Our African American Ambassador and Latina SHARE programs are grassroots efforts designed to empower medically underserved communities of color and reduce outcomes in health disparities. In addition, the “Our MBC Life” Podcast team signed onto the #inclusion pledge, the new health equity initiative focusing on diversity and inclusion to eliminate disparities for black women. Black women are often diagnosed at later stages of their breast cancer when treatments are more limited, costly and the prognosis is poor. Black women are often diagnosed at younger ages, have more aggressive breast cancer and have a 40% higher mortality rate. Furthermore, Black women have a 39% recurrence rate of breast cancer versus an approximate 20% recurrence rate found in the total breast cancer population. The #inclusionpledge, launched by the Tigerlily Foundation at the December 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, provides a transparent and tangible framework across stakeholders to identify and track equity actions, holding all involved accountable with measurable and improved equity and outcomes for women of color. Two of the founding members of the pledge are co-hosts with the “Our MBC Life” Podcast. The “Our MBC Life” Podcast team is made up of a diverse group of ten individuals living with MBC with 3 Black Co-hosts, 1 Latinx Co-host, 1 male MBC Co-host and an LGBTQ producer. We cover racial disparity issues in healthcare in every interview with research stakeholders, oncologists and foundation leaders. This presentation will cover the work being done by the “Our MBC Life” podcast to change racial disparities in healthcare for black women and provide an overview of the impact of the #inclusionpledge initiative.
Citation Format: Lisa Laudico. How Patient Advocates can Advance Cancer Health Equity – Tales from the Frontlines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
Abstract IA23: Cadmium exposure, DNA methylation and liver cancer
Authors: Hoyo Catherine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. In the last 30 years, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased faster than other solid tumors and race/ethnic disparities are widening, yet suspected risk factors whose prevalence has also been on a parallel increase, cannot fully explain either this steep increase in incidence or the widening racial/ethnic gap. An understudied, yet potent risk-factor whose prevalence has been on the increase and disproportionately affects ethnic minorities, is exposure to environmental contaminants e.g., cadmium—a probable carcinogen whose main target organ is the liver. Methods. We measured cadmium concentrations in maternal blood samples obtained prenatally using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In umbilical cord blood leukocytes, we measured DNA methylation at a regulatory sequence controlling the expression of the gene cluster that includes DLK1, MEG3, MEG9, MEG8, DIO3 and some SNORD genes. Hyper-methylation at this sequence region—the first exon of MEG3—has been associated with HCC. We used zip-code level North Carolina Cancer Registry data to estimate liver cancer incidence, and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and regression models to evaluate the relationships among cadmium exposure, MEG3 hyper-methylation and HCC incidence. Results. We found that higher cadmium concentrations were associated with significant MEG3 hypermethylation (p=0.03), and associations were specific to African Americans (p=0.01). We also found a significant geographic cluster of MEG3 hypermethylation, in the zip-code with the highest liver cancer incidence (p=0.01). ~75% of which HCC. Conclusion. Our data suggest that hypermethylation of the sequence that regulates MEG3, an established tumor suppressor is associated with cadmium exposure early life and HCC in adults. A comprehensive characterization of other networks that are altered in response to environmental exposures that disproportionately affect ethnic minorities, is urgently needed.
Citation Format: Catherine Hoyo. Cadmium exposure, DNA methylation and liver cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA23.
Abstract IA47: Overcoming Barriers and Defining Success: Diversity Inclusion and Belonging in the Healthcare Workforce
Authors: Reede Joan Y. , Landry Alden 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Medicine had historically overlooked the need for a diverse workforce, instead focusing on efforts to address health equity though cultural competency education and other proxies with poorly measured success. All the while, studies have shown the value of a diverse workforce on research innovation and health care outcomes. In these sessions, we will explore why it is important for institutions to focus on diversity, equity and belonging and create programming that supports individuals form under-represented backgrounds to pursue a career in health, with a specific focus on cancer research.
Citation Format: Joan Y. Reede, Alden Landry. Overcoming Barriers and Defining Success: Diversity Inclusion and Belonging in the Healthcare Workforce [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA47.
Abstract PO-025: The Durham Initiative for Stomach Health (DISH): A pilot community-based Helicobacter pylori education and screening study
Authors: Crankshaw Sydnee , Butt Julia , Gierisch Jennifer , Barrett Nadine , Mervin-Blake Sabrena , Oeffinger Kevin , Patierno Steven , Worthy Valarie , Godbee Ronald , Epplein Meira 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Approximately 15% of all cancers are due to infection. The bacteria Helicobacter pylori is the single leading carcinogenic infectious agent and the main cause of stomach cancer. Prevalence of H. pylori, and, correspondingly, stomach cancer incidence and mortality, is significantly greater among African Americans than whites in the United States. In the present study, we conducted a pilot community- engaged H. pylori education and screening study in partnership with a predominantly African American church in Durham, North Carolina. Methods: Initially, we consulted with community advisory boards and convened stakeholder meetings with local community members and primary care physicians. We then developed this pilot study through an iterative collaboration with church partners. Our main outcomes were feasibility and acceptability as measured by participation in a one-day H. pylori screening initiative, and participation in follow-up for those who tested positive. We also sought to determine prevalence and determinants of active H. pylori infection in this population. Results: Community engagement informed the event logistics, messaging, educational materials provided, and follow-up plans. A total of 92 individuals participated in the primary study event, 25% of whom had a current H. pylori infection. Of those, 87% returned for the follow-up events, among whom 70% had successfully cleared their infection. Conclusions: Through community engagement, community-based H. pylori screening and stomach cancer prevention is feasible and acceptable. This is a necessary step in order to move stomach cancer prevention forward to population-based precision H. pylori screening and eradication.
Citation Format: Sydnee Crankshaw, Julia Butt, Jennifer Gierisch, Nadine Barrett, Sabrena Mervin-Blake, Kevin Oeffinger, Steven Patierno, Valarie Worthy, Ronald Godbee, Meira Epplein. The Durham Initiative for Stomach Health (DISH): A pilot community-based Helicobacter pylori education and screening study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-025.
Abstract PO-046: Predicting breast cancer survival outcomes in a tri-racial/ethnic population
Authors: Wang Kaicheng , Yang George R. , Hu Jennifer J. , Reis Isildinha M. , Zhao Wei , Herna Stuart 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: In the United States, breast cancer is the most common cancer for women, and it alone accounts for 30% of all new cancer diagnoses in women. Considered the complexity of decision on breast cancer therapy decision, we develop a model to predict 5-year overall survival at the time of diagnosis based on demographic and pathological factors, and estimate the potential benefit from different breast cancer treatment regimens for each individual patient. Methods: Using tumor registry data from University of Miami Health System and Jackson Memorial Hospital from 2008 to 2018, 4021 breast cancer patients were selected.
After preliminary screening of data, based on previous research and clinical evidence, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the effect of the potential prognosticators of overall survival. Twelve variables from multivariate Cox model were selected to build the prediction model with adjustment of interaction between predictors. Results: This prediction model based on race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, smoking status, tumor stage, tumor grade, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor 2, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy had good discrimination and calibration in bootstrap validation set with an C-statistic 0.82, and no significant difference between the predicted and the observed probabilities. Conclusion: We have developed a robust, relatively accurate, and easy-demonstrated tool that is able to predict 5-year overall survival in patients with invasive breast cancer, with reference to indicate the impact of potential treatment on prognosis. This allowed better communication between clinician and individual patient to make joint clinical decision.
Citation Format: Kaicheng Wang, George R. Yang, Jennifer J. Hu, Isildinha M. Reis, Wei Zhao, Stuart Herna. Predicting breast cancer survival outcomes in a tri-racial/ethnic population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-046.
Abstract PO-048: Community focused research, application and translation academy for investigators
Authors: Goldtooth Carol , Begay Andria , Teufel-Shone Nicolette I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Scholars and students drawn to health research with underserved communities often are motivated by their commitment to understand and change poor health outcomes. Yet, they may have limited exposure to application and translation skills and struggle to convey the potential of their work to communities. Exposure to application and translation skills training can augment scholars’ and students’ existing skills to communicate with communities, local leadership, and practitioners. Objective: The intention of Research, Application and Translation Academy (RATA) developed by the Outreach Core of the NCI funded Native American Cancer Research Prevention Partnership was to provide and augment the understanding of application and translation processes and project-specific technical assistance to develop educational information in a range of media, research- informed policy briefs, and presentations. Methods: RATA framework uses a three- stage training approach: awareness through acceptance to adoption. The training is provided to research teams, ideally with community partners. Components include:
1) Overview of terms, steps to identify characteristics of a targeted audience, and review of communication venues, e.g., presentations, radio, newspaper, social media and policy briefs; 2) team-based practice in defining characteristics and motivations of specific target audiences, message design and local methods and trusted sources of communication; and 4) implementation of communication and message strategies; and 5) evaluation of outreach. Conclusion: RATA strengths include the use of team-based exercises, a review of effective and ineffective messaging, incorporating interactive technology platforms, project-specific technical support, and evaluation metrics. Challenges are leadership investment and understanding of the importance of non-scientific dissemination, and a tendency to not incorporate RATA skills or move plans to action. With the emphasis on steps to identify the target audience, tailor the messages, use locally effective communication strategies and action, RATA can contribute to conveying that the knowledge generated in health research can benefit communities.
Citation Format: Carol Goldtooth, Andria Begay, Nicolette I. Teufel-Shone. Community focused research, application and translation academy for investigators [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-048.
Abstract PO-073: A qualitative study of research staff centered approaches for optimizing recruitment and retention in biomedical cohort studies in the Caribbean
Authors: Bailey Althea , Govia Ishtar , McKenzie Joette , Richards Sade , Coleman Sheldon , Tulloch-Reid Marshall , Ragin Camille , Ashing Kimlin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: To identify the best practices of research staff that facilitate achieving enrollment and retention targets in biomedical cohort studies in Black Caribbean populations. Design and Methods: Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with research stakeholders including research (i) nurses/ study supervisors, (ii) field staff/data collectors and (iii) rural and urban participants of the Third Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey (a national NCD risk factor survey with biospecimen collection) to capture qualitative data on experiences with recruitment, training, logistical issues in the field, retention challenges and potential solutions or strategies for strengthening future efforts. Results: Our findings suggest that ongoing training and supervision with clearly defined roles and responsibilities of the study staff enhanced the adeptness of field operations and attracted volunteers. Targeted community engagement and strong support in the field from the coordinating center increased the reach and efficiency of the data collectors. The need for gender appropriate approaches and socioeconomic balance to enhance equitable enrollment and participation in all aspects of the study was emphasized. Conclusion: Enrollment and retention in Jamaican studies is improved by creating and sustaining well-functioning research teams and applying community and gender appropriate approaches. These strategies may also enhance the recruitment of other Black populations in the Diaspora including the US and Caribbean into biomedical studies including cancer research.
Citation Format: Althea Bailey, Ishtar Govia, Joette McKenzie, Sade Richards, Sheldon Coleman, Marshall Tulloch-Reid, Camille Ragin, Kimlin Ashing. A qualitative study of research staff centered approaches for optimizing recruitment and retention in biomedical cohort studies in the Caribbean [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-073.
Abstract PO-116: Pentagalloyl glucose inhibits GRO-α/CXCL1 pro-inflammatory cytokine and induces expression of apoptosis-related genes in racially different TNBC cells
Authors: Messeha Samia , Soliman Karam F.A. , Mendonca Patricia , Alghamdi Sumaiah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A distinctive tumor microenvironment associated with chronic inflammation, cancer development, and drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) affect disproportionally Caucasian and African American women. PURPOSE: This investigation presents possible new biomarkers that could be modulated by the natural compound pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) in MM-231 (Caucasians) and MM-468 (African American) TNBC cells. METHODS: Cytokine arrays, ELISA, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and Western analysis were performed. RESULTS: PGG reduced the expression of GRO-α/CXCL1 pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is associated with tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. PGG inhibited IκBKE and MAPK1 gene and protein expression indicating a possible signaling pathway for CXCL1 downregulation through NFκB and MAPK signaling. PGG also inhibited cell growth in both cell lines, which could be associated with a decrease in CXCL1 levels. Besides, PGG induced apoptosis, modulating numerous genes, including caspases, TNF, and TNF superfamily receptor genes. Remarkably, PGG promoted a 154.6-fold increase in TNF expression in African American compared to 14.6-fold in Caucasian cells.
CONCLUSION: the findings show PGG potential in ameliorating inflammatory processes and reducing resistance to chemotherapeutic agents since TNF has been demonstrated to sensitize tumor cells. Thus, the use of PGG may be a helpful tumor therapeutic strategy to increase tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy and slow cancer progression.
Citation Format: Samia Messeha, Karam F.A. Soliman, Patricia Mendonca, Sumaiah Alghamdi. Pentagalloyl glucose inhibits GRO-α/CXCL1 pro-inflammatory cytokine and induces expression of apoptosis-related genes in racially different TNBC cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-116.