bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The alignment of the accelerator modules of the Cool Copper Collider C3 with the Rasnik 3-point alignment system
Authors: van der Graaf Harry , van Bakel Niels , Bouwens Bram , Breidenbach Martin , Haase Andrew , van Heijningen Joris , Koushik Anoop Nagesh , Nanni Emilio , du Pree Tristan , van Remortel Nick , Vernieri Caterina 
Published: December 2024

For C3, some 2000 accelerator modules must be 5D positioned, within 10 µm transversal, on a 2.3 km long straight line, for both linacs. In the Rasnik alignment system, light from a point-like monochromatic source falls on a zone lens, forming a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern on an image pixel sensor. The alignment of three objects can be obtained by analyzing the position of the diffraction pattern on the sensor. The alignment of a large number of objects can be realized by fixing a stick on each object, carrying all three Rasnik components. With this leap frog geometry, all sticks are mutually coupled, forming a multipoint alignment system.
The system should operate in ambient air, in vacuum, and in liquid nitrogen. Due to the heat dissipation of these components, bubbles are formed, causing an error in the measured alignment when crossing the optical path. Various methods of beam shielding are presented. With the Quarter Cryo Module (QCM), essential studies will be carried out, enabling the realization of C3. The QCM will be equipped with four Rasnik chains, measuring alignment parameters with redundancy. In addition, the bubble-induced vibrations of the accelerator components can be registered accurately.
The Green Heart Project: Objectives, Design, and Methods
Authors: Bhatnagar Aruni , Keith Rachel , Yeager Ray , Riggs Daniel , Sears Clara , Bucknum Brent , Smith Ted , Fleischer Daniel , Chandler Chris , Walker Kandi L , Hart Joy L , Srivastava Sanjay , Turner Jay , Rai Shesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Green Heart Project is a controlled, community-based clinical trial to evaluate the effects of increasing greenery on community health. The study was initiated in 2018 in a low-to-middle-income residential area of nearly 30,000 racially diverse residents in Louisville, KY. Community engagement was maintained throughout the project, with feedback integrated into its design and implementation. Based on land use, demographics, and greenness in the area, we designated 8 paired clusters of demographically- and environmentally matched “target” (T) and adjacent “control” (C) areas (total of 16 clusters). Levels of ultrafine particles, ozone, and nitrogen oxides were measured in each cluster. In-person exams were conducted for 735 participants in Wave 1 (2018-2019) and 545 participants in Wave 2 (2021). Blood, urine, nail, and hair samples were collected to evaluate cardiovascular risk, inflammation, stress, and pollutant exposure. Demographic and psychosocial data were collected as well. Cardiovascular function was assessed by measuring arterial stiffness and flow-mediated dilation. After Wave 2, more than 8,000 mature, mostly evergreen, trees and shrubs were planted in the T clusters. Post planting data were collected during Wave 3 (2022) from 561 participants. We plan to follow changes in area characteristics and participant health to evaluate the long-term impact of the greening intervention.
Cadence in the Galant Era
Authors: Caplin William E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers galant cadential practice, focusing on C. P. E. Bach and Domenico Scarlatti. The chapter first surveys Gjerdingen’s clausulae schemata, arguing that only a limited number of those actually count as true tonal cadences. It discusses how his Prinner schema often has a cadential function in galant music and highlights some additional formations typical of galant cadential morphology. The chapter examines the use of cadential deviations, showing how the evaded cadence comes into its own during this style period. Cadential expansion is more prevalent in the galant than in the baroque, yet the earlier period’s tendency to “retain the cadential formula” finds widespread usage in the later style. Seeing as the major forms of the classical era (sonata, rondo, concerto) originate in the galant period, the chapter examines how cadences articulate formal units, noting along the way some significant differences of phrase structure between the two styles.
Cadence in the Romantic Era
Authors: Caplin William E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter studies cadential practice in the early Romantic period, focusing on Schubert, Chopin, and Schumann. Although the “classical cadence” finds widespread use during this period, some novel compositional techniques can modify or distort cadential closure. The Romantic emphasis on root-position harmonies not only influences the harmonic content of cadences, but can also obscure the distinction between sequential and cadential progressions, thus yielding significant ambiguities of cadence. The tendency toward uniform harmonic rhythms, off-tonic openings, and an emphasis on formal circularity contribute to the use of cadential material at the beginning of thematic units. The chapter highlights how noncadential, prolongational closure becomes a means of thematic ending. The classical distinction between penultimate and ultimate cadential dominants begins to break down in the Romantic style, thus leading to a new cadential deviation, the dissipated cadence. The chapter concludes with analytical notes on cadence and closure in Chopin’s Preludes, Op. 28.
Crystal structures of molecular compounds
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For molecular compounds, the molecular site symmetry often is low. The most frequent space group type is P21/c. The reduced symmetry of the building blocks requires a symmetry reduction of the space group as compared to an ideal structure. If the molecules resemble spheres, the molecular packing often is a distorted variant of a packing of spheres. In tetraphenylphosphonium salts, the PPh4+ ions are stacked to columns with intervening anions; depending on the anion symmetry, the crystal symmetry often is a subgroup of P4/n or P.
Pre-service primary student teachers’ development of competencies in teaching mathematics
Authors: Slezáková Jana , Jirotková Darina , Zemanová Renata , Juzová Katerina , Mottlová Karolina , Vybíralová Tereza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Knowing important ideas published in the SEMT proceedings over the last 30 years, related to the education of pre-service primary teachers, are summarized. Being aware of how painstaking the process of transfer of innovative ideas from research to schools is attention is focused on pre-service teacher education. It is pre-service teachers who promise that innovation be brought into schools naturally. . Six groups of papers are presented, selected from the SEMT proceedings. The first group focuses on pre-service primary teachers’ attitude to mathematics and how this might be influenced. The second group focuses on a more general conception of pre-service primary teacher education, while the third deals in general terms with the concepts of teacher education programmes. The fourth and fifth groups of papers mention specific proposals for courses in arithmetic and geometry. The last group of papers focuses on specific teaching methods suitable for pre-service and in-service teachers.
Designing and adapting tasks in the Japanese problem-solving lesson within Lesson Study
Authors: Fujii Toshiakira 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lesson Study came to the attention of educators outside of Japan primarily through the publication of The Teaching Gap. Since then, many mathematics teachers and teacher educators have become involved in Lesson Study. Viewing Lesson Study outside of Japan, there are many assumptions and roles, well understood by Japanese teachers, which simply do not transfer easily to elsewhere. There is agreement that a lesson plan is a necessary product of Lesson Study, but the collaborative work among teachers for crafting that lesson plan is largely under-appreciated by non-Japanese adopters of Lesson Study. This is possibly because the effort involved is invisible to outsiders, with attention going to its most visible tip, the live research lesson. In this chapter the critical nature of lesson planning, focusing on designing and adapting tasks in the Japanese problem-solving lesson in the Lesson Study context is based on a case study conducted by Project IMPULS.
Thirty years of international progress in young children’s problem solving and posing
Authors: Cifarelli Victor , Capraro Mary , Capraro Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In contrast to traditional theoretical approaches focusing on using data-driven analyses that explain learning and inform teaching practice, the SEMT approach leads with theory and then focuses on how mathematics educators can make learning theoretically sound yet practical. The goal then becomes how student learning can become more comprehensive, rigorous, and deep. Starting with the recognition that young children are capable of mathematical actions that are every bit of this, the chapter addresses how SEMT presentations embrace the view that problem solving and problem posing play prominent roles in the mathematics learning of young children. It includes an overview of problem-solving presentations at SEMT, from the early years to the present day, and how they showcase sophisticated problem-solving and problem-posing processes of young children. It also reviews studies that examine how problem solving and problem posing contribute to mathematics learning, and those that evaluate the effectiveness of specific instructional activities.
Citizens’ Governance Spaces: Characteristics of Citizen-led Problem Solving
Authors: Dzur Albert W. , Hendriks Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 further develops the concept of citizens’ governance spaces. It draws on diverse empirical material from a range of cases to elaborate on five defining characteristics, namely that they are: (1) grassroots initiatives that are self-organized by citizens, who (2) do practical governance work to address a collective issue, (3) in innovative, experimental, and disruptive ways, (4) by engaging inclusively with affected publics, and (5) by working autonomously and congruously with relevant state, market, and civil society organizations. The chapter then considers how citizens’ governance spaces are distinct from related social science concepts, including social movements, community organizing, co-production, and mutual aid. The chapter argues that the citizens’ governance space concept better captures the practical agency and governance work enacted by citizens in their own arenas of collective problem solving.
Citizens’ Motivations and Governance Practices
Authors: Dzur Albert W. , Hendriks Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines what motivates citizens to participate in citizens’ governance spaces, and considers the varied governance and participatory work they undertake. Citizens are often motivated to lead and engage in a governance space because they believe traditional state, market, and civil society organizations have withdrawn or failed for some section of society because the public problem is too complex, persistent, or emergent. Citizens are also motivated to address unmet needs of marginalized groups; they self-organize to provide public goods and services via alternative governance pathways. Case studies in areas such as policing, social order, and planning demonstrate how citizens define the problem, form feasible plans, implement solutions, and make evaluations and refinements. The final section of the chapter considers inclusive and participatory aspects of citizen spaces, focusing on how they share power, give voice, build capacity, and engage the public.
Doing, Thinking, and Sharing: Knowledge Contributions of Citizens’ Governance Spaces
Authors: Dzur Albert W. , Hendriks Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses the knowledge and skills generated in citizens’ governance spaces, and how and where they are being reproduced and transmitted. Drawing on diverse empirical examples this chapter illustrates how citizen spaces take on collective problem solving under conditions where citizen action may have been actively discouraged by conventional civil society and government actors. Their self-authorized, inclusive work generates practical knowledge in fields such as energy, health, and criminal justice typically dominated by professionals, specialists, and officials. Citizen spaces produce substantive, procedural, and systemic forms of knowledge. Citizen spaces also share their knowledge with experts and non-experts, and across sectors and borders. Knowledge produced in citizen spaces can challenge conventional community attitudes and disrupt settled practices among public and private sector actors.
A Sense of the City
Authors: Kvetko Peter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The sprawling metropolis of Mumbai is home to vast disparities and contradictions. For sixty years, songs from Bollywood, the movie industry based in Mumbai, have dominated northern India’s popular music industry. A new category of national popular music, Indipop, emerged in tandem with economic liberalization, the rise of satellite television, and the growing significance of the global Indian diaspora, but it has struggled to achieve widespread success. The author argues that in its mode of production, aesthetic choices, and orientation to the international music industry, Indipop anticipated the transformation of everyday life that took hold more broadly throughout urban India at the start of the twenty-first century. Exercises included in this chapter encourage students to analyze three Indipop music videos by the artist Lucky Ali to examine ways in which the urban/rural and public/private dialectics are represented, both visually and aurally.
Professional Weeping
Authors: Greene Paul D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines oppari, a lament form in South Indian folk culture, as performed by professional men from Dalit communities. Oppari involves emotional song texts, wails, shrieks, and sobs that professional performers craft, deploy, and develop deliberately and strategically in performance. The chapter undertakes deconstructive analysis to expose mechanisms by which professional men’s oppari marginalizes women and their expressions and explores various double binds in which professionals find themselves as they perform. Struggling within the grip of double binds, he cultivates an aesthetic professionalism that allows him to successfully do his job while maintaining distance from death, widowhood, and genuine spontaneous emotions. Key to this professionalism is the assertion that his oppari is not spontaneous or personal expression, but a form of music—a performance art. To define oppari as music or non-music is to take sides in ongoing struggles of Dalit musicians over their status within Tamil society.
Prestige, Status, and the History of Instrumental Music in North India
Authors: Ruckert George E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In North Indian classical music, instrumental music has surged to the forefront in popularity. In a world wherein vocal music held a central position for centuries, the change came as somewhat of a surprise to traditionalists; instrumental music has usually been in a secondary place both because of its accompanying role and because the great vocalists of the past held prestige for their command of the literature of raga. This chapter demonstrates through analysis of ancient literature, iconography, instrumental development, and socio-religious forces that instruments have historically held a great deal of spiritual and cultural esteem in South Asian music. Through listening to three sarod recordings—from Chunnu Khan, the first recorded sarod player; Allauddin Khan; and Ali Akbar Khan—we can understand some of the instrument’s organological developments and musical innovations that helped raise the status of Hindustani instrumental performance to greater prominence in the twentieth century.
Sacred Song, Food, and the Affective Embodied Experience of Non-Othering in the Sikh Tradition
Authors: Kaur Inderjit N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sabad kīrtan is a central form of devotional expression and experience for millions of Sikhs around the world, and also an affective mode of embodied knowledge of the sacred teachings on living an ethical everyday life. A fundamental theme in sabad is that of non-Othering. This chapter analyses three main contemporary musical genres of sabad kīrtan, known as classical, light, and “AKJ” (AKJ stands for Akhand Kīrtani Jatha—a community of devout Sikhs committed to the Sikh code of conduct). Through this analysis, students will learn the main musical features of three different genres, and explore the issue of music and meaning by addressing how our understanding of song lyrics is shaped by our aesthetic and emotional responses to musical genre and style, as well as by associated activities such as collective dining.
Beyond the Silver Screen
Authors: Nimjee Ameera 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the phenomenon of Bollywood fitness, focused in ethnographic fieldwork with the company BollyX, a global enterprise of centrally trained teachers dispersed among rented studios and gyms across the world. Such Bollywood fitness programs bring to North American mainstream culture the filmi aesthetics that are an important part of the everyday life of transnational desis, repackaged as a cardio workout. While fitness consumers do not necessarily seek to learn forms of Indian dance, they nevertheless are taught to embody filmi aesthetics. This delivery of cardio sequences provides an opportunity for desi culture to move from the racialized periphery of North American life to become mainstream in the moment of a workout.
Evidence-Based Practice Process in Social Work
Authors: Garcia Antonio R. , Corcoran Jacqueline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Graduate students in social work are dedicated to gaining the skills and knowledge to promote individual, family, and community well-being. Yet, students often struggle with translating research concepts into best practice. They must garner the skills to consider (1) client needs and preferences, (2) the best available evidence, and (3) the implementation context. Evidence-Based Practice Process in Social Work: Critical Thinking for Clinical Practice offers a framework for aligning these three essential ingredients of the evidence-based practice (EBP) process. The book is divided into three major sections, Section 1 includes a brief overview of the EBP process (Chapter 1), methods on how to conduct assessments, and to rely on assessment data to formulate practice-driven questions (Chapter 2), and how to locate culturally relevant studies to address them (Chapter 3). Section 2 Chapters 4–6 focus on the other types of research designs (i.e., randomized control trials, systematic reviews, qualitative research) that may help inform what intervention(s) ultimately are implemented. Section 3, Chapters 7–9 focus on what factors may impact implementation of the intervention plan and under what circumstances it may need to be adapted. Chapter 10 focuses on the different methods to monitor client progress. Finally, Chapter 11 provides a review of key concepts, and additional complex case studies to reflect on. Acknowledging the complexity of context in the EBP process, each chapter operationalizes the EBP process with instructions, case studies, and exercises.
Introduction
Authors: Garcia Antonio R. , Corcoran Jacqueline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 critical provides a brief overview of the evidence-based practice (EBP) process, highlighting and describing key missing elements (e.g., assessment and critical appraisal of applicable evidence). A preview of forthcoming content in subsequent chapters is summarized and includes (1) the process for how to critically appraise multiple sources of evidence with regard to how effective and applicable it is for clients, and (2) how to engage in the process of selecting and implementing interventions. Integration of case studies to illustrate the revised EBP process is highlighted. The premise is to build student and practitioner knowledge and skills in applying a critical data-driven approach to the EBP process while considering practitioner and agency context and client preferences.
Identifying and Addressing Common Barriers to Applying the EBP Process
Authors: Wolk Courtney Benjamin , Snyder Sean E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With a better grasp of the utility of implementation science frameworks, Chapter 8 delves how to mitigate “real-world” implementation barriers. Several research projects that examined the implementation of evidence-supported interventions across different service sectors (e.g., child welfare, behavioral health, schools) are presented. Rather than cite barriers to implementation that emerged during each of these projects, an implementation framework is used as a template to illustrate how to align specific strategies to address each barrier. In doing so, a set of tools to shrink the divide between the best available evidence and the effective use of evidence in real-world practice contexts is offered.
Itinerant Passions
Authors: Krivulskaya Suzanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Between 1870 and 1915, hundreds of Protestant ministers were reported to have “mysteriously disappeared” from their posts and homes. Young women from their congregations were often missing as well. Highlighting more than a dozen key stories of these elopements, this chapter tracks the three stages of development—and eventual decline—of the elopement scandal genre. In the first decade of the Gilded Age, the press was still actively negotiating whether or not it was in the public good to even feature such stories. The eventual embrace of the genre of sensationalism led to its explosion in the last decades of the nineteenth century. By the mid-1910s, however, changing social perceptions of romantic love, marriage, and divorce made these stories seem less sensational—with some newspapers even reporting approvingly on ministers who chose to run away with their lovers.
Epilogue
Authors: Krivulskaya Suzanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The epilogue wrestles with the question of whether—and, if so, how—scandal can continue to be a useful instrument of censure when it comes to sexual hypocrisy and abuse. Although the majority of ministers profiled in the book were able to emerge relatively unscathed from their public downfalls, recent journalistic investigations and movements like #ChurchToo are continuing to expose ministers who abuse their positions. Nonetheless, the pattern of internal secrecy, victim silencing, and refusal to be held accountable for the sexual hypocrisy among religious leaders has continued to plague many Protestant groups and denominations. The longer history of how the Protestant establishment has responded to the sex scandals in their midst, and how the press and the public attempted to keep it accountable for the sexual hypocrisy evident among its ranks is instructive for addressing the current crisis.
Between the Revolution and the Soviet
Authors: Titus Joan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 (“Between the Revolution and the Soviet”) provides a discussion of Shostakovich’s scores for the remaining two films of the Maxim Trilogy, Return of Maxim and Vyborg Side (Vozvrashcheniye Maksima and Vïborgskaya storona, 1937 and 1939, dirs. Grigory Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg), and two films by other directors, Volochayev Days (Volochayevskiye dni, dirs. Georgy and Sergey Vasilyev, 1936–1937) and Friends (Druz’ya, dir. Leo Arnshtam, 1938). It contains discussions of how the films and their scores characterized the ideas of revolution, war, and heroism through revisionism and exoticism that was particular to constructions of cinematic intelligibility of the mid-to-late 1930s.