bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of anti-resorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw using bone single photon emission computed tomography in clinical settings: relationship between clinical stage and imaging
Authors: Okui Taro , Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Tsujimoto Masakazu , Satoh Koji , Toyama Hiroshi , Matsuo Koichiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to use quantitative values, calculated from bone single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, to estimate the reliability of progression evaluation for anti-resorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ).

Methods
The study population consisted of 21 patients (23 lesions), clinically diagnosed with mandibular ARONJ, who underwent SPECT/CT scanning. Diagnosis and staging of ARONJ were performed according to the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) definition and the recommendations of the International Task Force on ONJ. Hybrid SPECT/CT imaging quantitative analyses were performed on a workstation. Each volume of interest (VOI) was semi-automatically placed over a lesion with areas of high tracer accumulation, using the GI-BONE® software default threshold method settings. Additionally, control VOI was manually set over an unaffected area. Measured parameters included standardized uptake values (SUV)—maximum (SUVmax) and mean (SUVmean), metabolic bone volume (MBV)—the total volume above the threshold, and total bone uptake (TBU) as calculated by MBV × SUVmean. We also calculated the SUV ratio (rSUV) between the lesion and control area, factoring for differences in individual bone metabolism; the ratios were termed rSUVmax and rSUVmean, accordingly. The product of multiplying the rSUVmean by MBV of a lesion was defined as the ratio of TBU (rTBU). Quantitative values were compared between clinical stages by the Kruskal–Wallis test and subsequent post hoc analysis.

Results
MBVs (cm3) were: median, [IQR] Stage 1, 8.28 [5.62–9.49]; Stage 2, 15.28 [10.64–24.78]; and Stage 3, 34.61 [29.50–40.78]. MBV tended to increase with stage increase. Furthermore, only MBV showed a significant difference between clinical stages (p < 0.01). Subsequent post hoc analysis showed no significant difference between stages 1 and 2 (p = 0.12) but a significant difference between stages 2 and 3 (p = 0.048). rSUVmax and rTBU tended to increase with stage increase, but the differences between the stages were not significant (p = 0.10 and p = 0.055, respectively).

Conclusion
MBV, which includes the concept of volume, showed significant differences between clinical stages and tended to increase with the stage increase. As an objective and reliable indicator, MBV might be an adjunct diagnostic method for staging ARONJ.
Influence of an External Perpendicular Oscillation on Stability of a Vertical Falling Liquid Film
Authors: Liu Jiebin , Yang Xiaoming , Ma Rubing , Yuan Yidan , Ma Weimin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA vertical falling Newtonian liquid film flow is inherently unstable to surficial long-wave disturbances. Imposing external oscillation can stabilize the long-wave instability, but also triggers additional parametric instabilities. The effect of oscillation frequency on the stability is subtle. By using the “viscosity-gravity” scaling, the effect of oscillation frequency on the stability can be investigated exhaustively by separating it from other control parameters. In this paper, the effects of external perpendicular oscillation on the stability of a vertical falling liquid film are then investigated by a combination of linear stability analyses based on Floquet theory and numerical simulations with an unsteady weighted residual model (WRM). The linear analyses show that, increasing oscillation amplitude always has a stabilizing effect on the long-wave instability. On the other hand, increasing or decreasing oscillation frequency can suppress the long-wave instability, depending on whether the oscillation amplitude or the acceleration is fixed. The effect of varying oscillation frequency on the long-wave instability is opposite to that on the parametric instabilities. The long-wave and parametric instabilities compete with each other as the oscillation amplitude and frequency are varied with the Reynolds number fixed. A weakness of the long-wave instability always accompanies enhancements of the parametric instabilities, and vice versa. As a contrast, an increase of Reynolds number always results in more unstable long-wave and parametric instabilities. The numerical simulations with the WRM show that the wave amplitudes and the minimal local thickness of film are proportional to the unstable wavenumbers range rather than the growth rate of the instability. For a given oscillation frequency and Reynolds number, there exist a critical oscillation amplitude above which externally imposed oscillations perpendicular to the transversal direction of the film can also trigger a chaotic behavior in the film, just like what happens in the case where the oscillation is parallel to the stream-wise direction of the film.
Source Characterisation of February 06, 2017 Rudraprayag Earthquake in Northwest Himalaya and Ground Motion Prediction for a Scenario Earthquake (Mw 6.8)
Authors: Sutar Anup K. , Verma Mithila , Bansal B. K. , Pandey Ajeet P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We have studied a moderate earthquake of February 06, 2017 occurred in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand of northwest Himalaya that created prominent ground shakings not only around the epicentral region but also to far distances in different parts of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, which is an unusual experience. Full waveform inversion and source study suggest, moment magnitude of the event to be Mw 5.5 with the centroid depth of 19 km. The waveform analysis also reveals the oblique faulting mechanism associated with the down-dip apex of the detachment. The source parameters, namely, source radius, stress drop, and seismic moment of the event have been estimated to be 2.3 km, 63 bars, and 2.05 E + 17N-M respectively. The epicenter of the event falls in the seismically active zone between two major thrusts of the Himalaya, viz., Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT). In the present study, strong ground motion was simulated using Empirical Green’s Function (EGF) approach for a scenario earthquake of Mw6.8 magnitude in the same source, considering it similar to the Chamoli earthquake (M 6.8) of March 29, 1999 that had occurred in the neighborhood. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) has been estimated at the recording sites and a contour map is generated for the entire study region, covering the cities located up to ~ 700 km from the source. The predicted strong ground motion varies between 22 gals to 352 gals within the epicentral region up to ~ 150 km, which may lead to moderate to severe ground shaking. However, weak to light shaking expected in the remaining parts of the study region with PGA ranging between (0.50 – 22) gals.
Revealing the Basement in Barapukuria: A Geochemical Study of a Gondwana Coal Basin Basement from Northwest Bangladesh
Authors: Shahriar Md. Shams , Ameen S. M. Mahbubul , Hossain Md. Sakawat , Hossain Md. Sakaouth , Zaman Mohammad Nazim , Alam Md. Sha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Precambrian basement in the northwest Bengal basin is concealed under mainly Tertiary and in places overlain by Gondwana sediments in the half graben basins. The present work reports the study of the petrographic and geochemical investigations of the basement of Barapukuria, one of the major Gondwana coal basins, for the first time. The basement at the Barapukuria, encountered at a depth of ~200 to 656 m in several drill holes, comprises of tonalite, granodiorite, and leucogranite, which are primarily composed of the variable amounts of plagioclase, quartz, biotite, and amphibole with accessory leucoxene, calcite, epidote, muscovite, and allanite. The lower part of the felsic sequence in the drill hole GDH 43 was dissected by a hornblendite dike. The tonalite and granodiorites have likely chemical composition with silica, which varies within a moderate range from ~54 to 63 wt% and ~64 to 68 wt%, respectively. Both tonalite and granodiorites have high iron content ranging from ~9 to 16 wt% and ~6 to 12 wt% respectively. Leucogranite, on the other hand, is siliceous (70.32 to 72.10 wt%) and relatively iron rich (4.91 to 6.89 wt%). Collectively, the felsic rocks mostly show a calc-alkaline, I-type character and a moderate degree [(La/Yb)CN = 17] of LREEs enrichment. The Barapukuria basement rocks share similar petrographic and geochemical signatures to the nearby (~14km east) ~1.72 Ga felsic basement in Maddhapara. The scarcity of data on the Gondwana coal basin basement from the northeastern Indian shield, however, precludes a comparison between these basements in northeast India and Barapukuria in northwest Bangladesh.
Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones in Arang Block, Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, Central India, Using Analytical Network Process
Authors: Singha Sudhakar , Pasupuleti Srinivas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The increasing trend of population growth, freshwater demand and unscientific land use planning lead to the shortage of precious groundwater resources. Present research aims to delineate the groundwater prospect zones with the help of analytic network process (ANP) based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) coupled with geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) in Arang block of Raipur district, India. Various hydrogeological and earth surface features including aquifer, soil texture, geomorphology, slope, drainage density, land use land cover (LULC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and rainfall distribution are selected and assigned with the ANP-based weights and integrated into GIS platform by layer overlaying operation to develop the groundwater prospect zone index (GPZI) map. A total of five sub-categories of GPZI, namely excellent, good, moderate, poor and very poor are considered to understand the existing scenario of groundwater potentiality of the study area. Results indicate that about 64% of the total area having groundwater potentiality within moderate to excellent GPZI category, whereas; 36% area falls within poor to very poor GPZI category. Model accuracy measurement is verified by groundwater level data of 21 locations and the accuracy value with r=0.73 is achieved using a linear regression plot, which justifies the precision of the ANP-based model.
Two-Dimensional Tunable and Temperature-Insensitive Lyot Filter for FM-to-AM Compensation
Authors: Fan Mengqiu , Tian Xiaocheng , Zhou Dandan , Wei Jiatian , Xia Handing , Lv Hongwei , Zhao Hao , Xu Dangpeng , Zheng Wanguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUtilizing polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) with the low temperature coefficient of birefringence, a two-dimensional tunable and temperature-insensitive Lyot filter aiming to compensate the frequency modulation to amplitude modulation (FM-to-AM) conversion in high power laser facility is demonstrated. The Jones matrix is applied to analyze the relationship between optical characteristics of the filter and physical parameters (including amplitude ratio, phase delay, and susceptibility of the birefringence to temperature) of the polarization optical field. Both the transmission peak wavelength and extinction ratio of the spectral transmission are able to be changed simultaneously, hence, it shows more efficient FM-to-AM compensation ability. Besides, the transmission peak shift is about 18pm/°C with the PM-PCF configuration, which is about two orders of magnitude less than the normal polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) configuration. The demonstrated filter presents a practical application potential in large scale laser driven facility.
Vitamin D pathway-related gene polymorphisms and their association with metabolic diseases: A literature review
Authors: Alathari Buthaina E. , Sabta Aji A. , Kalpana Chinnappan A. , Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanakrishnan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Given that the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear, this review will focus on the genetic associations, which are less prone to confounding, between vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and metabolic diseases.

Methods
A literature search of relevant articles was performed on PubMed up to December 2019. Those articles that had examined the association of vitamin D-related SNPs with obesity and/or T2D were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility for the inclusion criteria and extracted the data. In total, 73 articles were included in this review.

Results
There is a lack of research focusing on the association of vitamin D synthesis-related genes with obesity and T2D; however, the limited available research, although inconsistent, is suggestive of a protective effect on T2D risk. While there are several studies that investigated the vitamin D metabolism-related SNPs, the research focusing on vitamin D activation, catabolism and transport genes is limited. Studies on CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and GC genes demonstrated a lack of association with obesity and T2D in Europeans; however, significant associations with T2D were found in South Asians. VDR gene SNPs have been extensively researched; in particular, the focus has been mainly on BsmI (rs1544410), TaqI (rs731236), ApaI (rs7975232) and FokI (rs2228570) SNPs. Even though the association between VDR SNPs and metabolic diseases remain inconsistent, some positive associations showing potential effects on obesity and T2D in specific ethnic groups were identified.

Conclusions
Overall, this literature review suggests that ethnic-specific genetic associations are involved. Further research utilizing large studies is necessary to better understand these ethnic-specific genetic associations between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic diseases.
Transcriptome‐wide association studies: a view from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhu Huanhuan , Zhou Xiang 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundGenome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of genetic variants that are associated with many complex traits. However, their biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Transcriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS) have been recently proposed as an invaluable tool for investigating the potential gene regulatory mechanisms underlying variant‐trait associations. Specifically, TWAS integrate GWAS with expression mapping studies based on a common set of variants and aim to identify genes whose GReX is associated with the phenotype. Various methods have been developed for performing TWAS and/or similar integrative analysis. Each such method has a different modeling assumption and many were initially developed to answer different biological questions. Consequently, it is not straightforward to understand their modeling property from a theoretical perspective.ResultsWe present a technical review on thirteen TWAS methods. Importantly, we show that these methods can all be viewed as two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, which has been widely applied in GWASs for examining the causal effects of exposure on outcome. Viewing different TWAS methods from an MR perspective provides us a unique angle for understanding their benefits and pitfalls. We systematically introduce the MR analysis framework, explain how features of the GWAS and expression data influence the adaptation of MR for TWAS, and re‐interpret the modeling assumptions made in different TWAS methods from an MR angle. We finally describe future directions for TWAS methodology development.ConclusionsWe hope that this review would serve as a useful reference for both methodologists who develop TWAS methods and practitioners who perform TWAS analysis.
Dynamo models of the solar cycle
Authors: Charbonneau Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews recent advances and current debates in modeling the solar cycle as a hydromagnetic dynamo process. Emphasis is placed on (relatively) simple dynamo models that are nonetheless detailed enough to be comparable to solar cycle observations. After a brief overview of the dynamo problem and of key observational constraints, I begin by reviewing the various magnetic field regeneration mechanisms that have been proposed in the solar context. I move on to a presentation and critical discussion of extant solar cycle models based on these mechanisms, followed by a discussion of recent magnetohydrodynamical simulations of solar convection generating solar-like large-scale magnetic cycles. I then turn to the origin and consequences of fluctuations in these models and simulations, including amplitude and parity modulation, chaotic behavior, and intermittency. The paper concludes with a discussion of our current state of ignorance regarding various key questions relating to the explanatory framework offered by dynamo models of the solar cycle.
Microbial community types and signature-like soil bacterial patterns from fortified prehistoric hills of Thuringia (Germany)
Authors: Köhler J. Michael , Beetz Nancy , Günther P. Mike , Möller Frances , Schüler Tim , Cao Jialan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract16S rRNA profiling has been applied for the investigation of bacterial communities of surface soil samples from forest-covered areas of ten prehistorical ramparts from different parts of Thuringia. Besides the majority bacterial types that are present in all samples, there could be identified bacteria that are highly abundant in some places and absent or low abundant in others. These differences are mainly related to the acidity of substrate and distinguish the communities of lime stone hills from soils of sand/quartzite and basalt hills. Minority components of bacterial communities show partially large differences that cannot be explained by the pH of the soil or incidental effects, only. They reflect certain relations between the communities of different places and could be regarded as a kind of signature-like patterns. Such relations had also been found in a comparison of the data from ramparts with formerly studied 16S rRNA profiling from an iron-age burial field. The observations are supporting the idea that a part of the components of bacterial communities from soil samples reflect their ecological history and can be understood as the “ecological memory” of a place. Probably such memory effects can date back to prehistoric times and might assist in future interpretations of archaeological findings on the prehistoric use of a place, on the one hand. On the other hand, the genetic profiling of soils of prehistoric places contributes to the evaluation of anthropogenic effects on the development of local soil bacterial diversity.
The rise of telemedicine: how to mitigate potential fraud
Authors: Pointer Philipp 
Published: June 2020

The global market for telehealth is expected to grow by $95.72bn between 2020 and 2024. 1 Driven by the rapid growth in remote patient monitoring, virtual GP consultations and online prescription services, we have already begun to see this growth take off. But these figures were estimated before the full Covid-19 pandemic ensued. With 1.5 million people in the UK now socially shielding, and with the rest of the country in lockdown for weeks, it is not surprising that there has been a surge in online medical advice and services. 2 Driven by the rapid growth in remote patient monitoring, virtual GP consultations and online prescription services, the telehealth market has enjoyed a significant boom. However, this has created a lucrative opportunity for fraudsters. Over 1 billion patient health records can be easily accessed on the dark web and millions of additional records are being added daily. Medical records command a high value to bad actors. The future of telemedicine can only be assured if trust can be reliably established between the medical expert and the patient, says Philipp Pointer of Jumio.
Work reflection during leisure time and employee creativity: The role of psychological capital
Authors: Wang Zhining , Meng Lijun , Cai Shaohan , Jiang Ling (Alice) 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the relationships among positive and negative work reflection during leisure time, psychological capital, and radical and incremental creativity. We collected data from 500 dyads of employees and their direct supervisors, and employed the structural equation model to test our research hypotheses. The results reveal that positive work reflection during leisure time is positively related to radical and incremental creativity, while negative work reflection during leisure time is negatively related to the two types of creativity. Our findings also suggest that psychological capital mediates the effects of positive and negative work reflection during leisure time on radical and incremental creativity.
Differentiating anxiety from fear: an experimental–pharmacological approach
Authors: Lippold Julia V. , Ettinger Ulrich , Hurlemann René , Corr Philip J. , Reuter Martin , Perkins Adam M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gray’s theory of personality postulates that fear and anxiety are distinct emotional systems with only the latter being sensitive to anxiolytic drugs. His work was mainly based on animal research, and translational studies validating his theory are scarce. Previous work in humans showed an influence of the benzodiazepine lorazepam on both systems, however, dependent on dosage (1 and 2 mg) and personality differences in negative emotionality. The present study aims to replicate these findings, and in addition tests the drug threshold effect by introducing a lower dosage of 0.5 mg lorazepam. Fifty healthy adults (23 males, agemean 22.40, SD ± 3.68) participated in an experimental threat-avoidance paradigm designed to dissociate risk assessment intensity (RAI, reflecting anxiety) and flight intensity (FI, reflecting fear) and completed two self-report questionnaires assessing facets of negative emotionality (Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Fear Survey Schedule). In a randomized placebo-controlled within-subjects design, 0.5 and 1 mg of lorazepam were applied per os. Saccadic peak velocity was assessed by means of eye-tracking in order to control for sedating drug effects. Results showed the expected and specific anxiolytic effect of lorazepam on RAI, however, only in the 0.5 mg condition. FI was not influenced by lorazepam, and previous findings of interaction effects of lorazepam with self-reported negative emotionality could not be corroborated. Overall, this study demonstrates anxiolytic effects of lorazepam in dosages ≤1 mg in the absence of a drug effect on fear using a translational behavioural task. However, a putative moderating role of personality on defensive behaviour has to be clarified in future research.