bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model to Simulate Third Body Effects on Fretting Wear of Hertzian Point Contact in Partial Slip
Authors: Ahmadi Arman , Sadeghi Farshid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this investigation, a finite element (FE) model was developed to study the third body effects on the fretting wear of Hertzian contacts in the partial slip regime. An FE three-dimensional Hertzian point contact model operating in the presence of spherical third bodies was developed. Both first bodies and third bodies were modeled as elastic–plastic materials. The effect of the third body particles on contact stresses and stick-slip behavior was investigated. The influence of the number of third body particles and material properties including modulus of elasticity, hardening modulus, and yield strength were analyzed. Fretting loops in the presence and absence of wear particles were compared, and the relation between the number of cycles and the hardening process was evaluated. The results indicated that by increasing the number of particles in contact, more load was carried by the wear particles which affect the wear-rate of the material. In addition, due to the high plastic deformation of the debris, the wear particles deformed and took a platelet shape. Local stick-slip behavior over the third body particles was also observed. The results of having wear debris with different material properties than the first bodies indicated that harder wear particles have a higher contact pressure and lower slip at the location of particles which affects the wear-rate.
Modeling and Analysis of Phononic Crystal With Coupled Lanes for Enhanced Elastic Wave Attenuation
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Hu Guobiao , Tang Lihua , Zhang Yumin , Yan Ruqiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Phononic crystals and metamaterials have attractive potential in elastic wave attenuation and guiding over specific frequency ranges. Different from traditional phononic crystals/metamaterials consisting of identical unit cells, a phononic crystal with coupled lanes is reported in this article for enhanced elastic wave attenuation in the low-frequency regime. The proposed phononic crystal takes advantages of destructive interference mechanism. A finitely length phononic crystal plate consisting of coupled lanes is considered for conceptual verification. The coupled lanes are designed to split the incident elastic wave into separated parts with a phase difference to produce destructive interference. Theoretical modeling and finite element method (FEM) analysis are presented. It is illustrated that significant elastic wave attenuation is realized when the phase difference of elastic waves propagating through the coupled lanes approximates π. Besides, multiple valleys in the transmission can be achieved in a broad frequency range with one at a frequency as low as 1.85 kHz with unit cells’ width and length of 25 mm and ten unit cells in one lane.
Prevalence and predictors of myopic macular degeneration among Asian adults: pooled analysis from the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium
Authors: Wong Yee Ling , Zhu Xiangjia , Tham Yih Chung , Yam Jason C S , Zhang Keke , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Lanca Carla , Zhang Xiujuan , Han So Young , He Wenwen , Susvar Pradeep , Trivedi Mihir , Yuan Nan , Lambat Sarang , Raman Rajiv , Song Su Jeong , Wang Ya Xing , Bikbov Mukharram M , Nangia Vinay , Chen Li Jia , Wong Tien Yin , Lamoureux Ecosse Luc , Pang Chi-Pui , Cheng Ching Yu , Lu Yi , Jonas Jost B , Saw Seang Mei 
Published: September 2020

AimsTo determine the prevalence and predictors of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in a consortium of Asian studies.MethodsIndividual-level data from 19 885 participants from four population-based studies, and 1379 highly myopic participants (defined as axial length (AL) >26.0 mm) from three clinic-based/school-based studies of the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium were pooled. MMD was graded from fundus photographs following the meta-analysis for pathologic myopia classification and defined as the presence of diffuse choroidal atrophy, patchy chorioretinal atrophy, macular atrophy, with or without ‘plus’ lesion (lacquer crack, choroidal neovascularisation or Fuchs’ spot). Area under the curve (AUC) evaluation for predictors was performed for the population-based studies.ResultsThe prevalence of MMD was 0.4%, 0.5%, 1.5% and 5.2% among Asians in rural India, Beijing, Russia and Singapore, respectively. In the population-based studies, older age (per year; OR=1.13), female (OR=2.0), spherical equivalent (SE; per negative diopter; OR=1.7), longer AL (per mm; OR=3.1) and lower education (OR=1.9) were associated with MMD after multivariable adjustment (all p<0.001). Similarly, in the clinic-based/school-based studies, older age (OR=1.07; p<0.001), female (OR=2.1; p<0.001), longer AL (OR=2.1; p<0.001) and lower education (OR=1.7; p=0.005) were associated with MMD after multivariable adjustment. SE had the highest AUC of 0.92, followed by AL (AUC=0.87). The combination of SE, age, education and gender had a marginally higher AUC (0.94).ConclusionIn this pooled analysis of multiple Asian studies, older age, female, lower education, greater myopia severity and longer AL were risk factors of MMD, and myopic SE was the strongest single predictor of MMD.
Custom insoles versus sham and GP-led usual care in patients with plantar heel pain: results of the STAP-study - a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rasenberg Nadine , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , Fuit Lars , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Dieker Amy , van Veldhoven Peter , Bindels Patrick J E , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: September 2020

Objectives
To compare custom-made insoles to sham insoles and general practice (GP)-led usual care in terms of pain at rest and during activity at 12 weeks follow-up in individuals with plantar heel pain.

Methods
In this randomised clinical trial 185 patients aged 18 to 65 years, with a clinical diagnosis of plantar heel pain for at least 2 weeks, but no longer than 2 years were recruited. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) GP-led treatment, plus an information booklet with exercises (usual care; n=46), (2) referral to a podiatrist for treatment with a custom-made insole plus an information booklet with exercises (custom-made insole; n=70) and (3) referral to a podiatrist and treatment with a sham insole plus an information booklet with exercises (sham insole; n=69). As well as the primary outcome of pain severity (11-point Numerical Rating Scale) we used the Foot Function Index (0 to 100) as a secondary outcome.

Results
Of 185 randomised participants, 176 completed the 12-week follow-up. There was no difference in pain or function between the insole and the sham groups at 12 weeks. Participants in the GP-led usual care group reported less pain during activity at 12 weeks, (mean difference (MD) 0.94, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.65), less first step pain (MD 1.48, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.31), better function (MD 7.37, 95% CI 1.27 to 13.46) and higher recovery rates (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.96) compared with participants in the custom insole group.

Conclusions
Referral to a podiatrist for a custom-made insole does not lead to a better outcome compared to sham insoles or compared to GP-led usual care.

Trial registration number
NTR5346.
Identifying integrated health services and social care research priorities in kidney disease in Wales: research prioritisation exercise
Authors: Mc Laughlin Leah , Spence Susan , Noyes Jane 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo identify the shared research priorities of patients, caregivers and multidisciplinary renal health and social care professionals across Wales for integrated renal health and social care in Wales.DesignResearch priority setting exercise adapted from the James Lind Alliance national priority setting partnership framework in UK healthcare.SettingTwo workshops: one in North Wales with patients, caregivers and multidisciplinary renal health and social care professionals and one in South Wales with the Welsh Renal Clinical Network (commissioners of renal services in Wales). Additional input provided from stakeholders via email correspondence and face to face communications.ParticipantsAcademics n=14, patients n=16, family/carers n=6, multidisciplinary renal healthcare professionals n=40, local authority councils n=3, renal charities n=6 wider third sector organisations n=8, renal industries n=4, Welsh government social care n=3, renal service commissioners n=8.Results38 research priority questions grouped into 10 themes were agreed. The themes included: (1) integrating health and social care, (2) education, (3) acute kidney injury, (4) chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, (5) transplantation, (6) dialysis, (7) personalised medicines, (8) cross-cutting priorities, (9) specific social contexts and (10) transitional services and children. Research questions were broad and covered a range of health and social care topics. Patient and professional perspectives broadly overlapped. Research priority setting activities revealed gaps in knowledge in overall service provision and potential areas for service improvement.ConclusionsMapping priorities in health services and social care highlighted the research needed to support renal health services delivery and commissioning in Wales.
Protocol for project recovery after cardiac surgery: a single-center cohort study leveraging digital platform to characterise longitudinal patient-reported postoperative recovery patterns
Authors: Mori Makoto , Brooks Cornell , Spatz Erica , Mortazavi Bobak J , Dhruva Sanket S , Linderman George C , Grab Lawrence A , Zhang Yawei , Geirsson Arnar , Chaudhry Sarwat I , Krumholz Harlan M 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionImproving postoperative patient recovery after cardiac surgery is a priority, but our current understanding of individual variations in recovery and factors associated with poor recovery is limited. We are using a health-information exchange platform to collect patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and wearable device data to phenotype recovery patterns in the 30-day period after cardiac surgery hospital discharge, to identify factors associated with these phenotypes and to investigate phenotype associations with clinical outcomes.Methods and analysisWe designed a prospective cohort study to enrol 200 patients undergoing valve, coronary artery bypass graft or aortic surgery at a tertiary centre in the USA. We are enrolling patients postoperatively after the intensive care unit discharge and delivering electronic surveys directly to patients every 3 days for 30 days after hospital discharge. We will conduct medical record reviews to collect patient demographics, comorbidity, operative details and hospital course using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons data definitions. We will use phone interview and medical record review data for adjudication of survival, readmission and complications. We will apply group-based trajectory modelling to the time-series PROM and device data to classify patients into distinct categories of recovery trajectories. We will evaluate whether certain recovery pattern predicts death or hospital readmissions, as well as whether clinical factors predict a patient having poor recovery trajectories. We will evaluate whether early recovery patterns predict the overall trajectory at the patient-level.Ethics and disseminationThe Yale Institutional Review Board approved this study. Following the description of the study procedure, we obtain written informed consent from all study participants. The consent form states that all personal information, survey response and any medical records are confidential, will not be shared and are stored in an encrypted database. We plan to publish our study findings in peer-reviewed journals.
US-county level variation in intersecting individual, household and community characteristics relevant to COVID-19 and planning an equitable response: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Chin Taylor , Kahn Rebecca , Li Ruoran , Chen Jarvis T , Krieger Nancy , Buckee Caroline O , Balsari Satchit , Kiang Mathew V 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo illustrate the intersections of, and intercounty variation in, individual, household and community factors that influence the impact of COVID-19 on US counties and their ability to respond.DesignWe identified key individual, household and community characteristics influencing COVID-19 risks of infection and survival, guided by international experiences and consideration of epidemiological parameters of importance. Using publicly available data, we developed an open-access online tool that allows county-specific querying and mapping of risk factors. As an illustrative example, we assess the pairwise intersections of age (individual level), poverty (household level) and prevalence of group homes (community-level) in US counties. We also examine how these factors intersect with the proportion of the population that is people of colour (ie, not non-Hispanic white), a metric that reflects histories of US race relations. We defined ‘high’ risk counties as those above the 75th percentile. This threshold can be changed using the online tool.SettingUS counties.ParticipantsAnalyses are based on publicly available county-level data from the Area Health Resources Files, American Community Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlas file, National Center for Health Statistic and RWJF Community Health Rankings.ResultsOur findings demonstrate significant intercounty variation in the distribution of individual, household and community characteristics that affect risks of infection, severe disease or mortality from COVID-19. About 9% of counties, affecting 10 million residents, are in higher risk categories for both age and group quarters. About 14% of counties, affecting 31 million residents, have both high levels of poverty and a high proportion of people of colour.ConclusionFederal and state governments will benefit from recognising high intrastate, intercounty variation in population risks and response capacity. Equitable responses to the pandemic require strategies to protect those in counties at highest risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes and their social and economic impacts.
Ethnicity and risk of death in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection in the UK: an observational cohort study in an urban catchment area
Authors: Sapey Elizabeth , Gallier Suzy , Mainey Chris , Nightingale Peter , McNulty David , Crothers Hannah , Evison Felicity , Reeves Katharine , Pagano Domenico , Denniston Alastair K , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Diggle Peter , Ball Simon 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundStudies suggest that certain black and Asian minority ethnic groups experience poorer outcomes from COVID-19, but these studies have not provided insight into potential reasons for this. We hypothesised that outcomes would be poorer for those of South Asian ethnicity hospitalised from a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, once confounding factors, health-seeking behaviours and community demographics were considered, and that this might reflect a more aggressive disease course in these patients.MethodsPatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring admission to University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB) in Birmingham, UK between 10 March 2020 and 17 April 2020 were included. Standardised admission ratio (SAR) and standardised mortality ratio (SMR) were calculated using observed COVID-19 admissions/deaths and 2011 census data. Adjusted HR for mortality was estimated using Cox proportional hazard model adjusting and propensity score matching.ResultsAll patients admitted to UHB with COVID-19 during the study period were included (2217 in total). 58% were male, 69.5% were white and the majority (80.2%) had comorbidities. 18.5% were of South Asian ethnicity, and these patients were more likely to be younger and have no comorbidities, but twice the prevalence of diabetes than white patients. SAR and SMR suggested more admissions and deaths in South Asian patients than would be predicted and they were more likely to present with severe disease despite no delay in presentation since symptom onset. South Asian ethnicity was associated with an increased risk of death, both by Cox regression (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8), after adjusting for age, sex, deprivation and comorbidities, and by propensity score matching, matching for the same factors but categorising ethnicity into South Asian or not (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.6).ConclusionsThose of South Asian ethnicity appear at risk of worse COVID-19 outcomes. Further studies need to establish the underlying mechanistic pathways.
EarLy Exercise in blunt Chest wall Trauma: a feasibility trial (ELECT Trial)
Authors: Battle Ceri , O'Neill Claire , Toghill Hannah , Newey Luke , Hutchings Hayley 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe aim was to complete a feasibility study that would test the methods of the main trial, that will investigate whether early thoracic and shoulder girdle exercises reduce chronic pain in patients with blunt chest wall trauma, when compared with normal care.MethodsA single centre, parallel, feasibility randomised controlled trial was completed at a University Teaching Hospital in Wales between June and September 2019. Adult patients with blunt chest wall trauma, admitted to hospital for greater than 24 hours, with no concurrent, immediately life-threatening injuries, were included. The intervention was a simple physiotherapy programme comprising thoracic and shoulder girdle exercises. Feasibility outcome measures included: primary outcomes: (1) 80% or more of identified eligible patients were approached for potential recruitment to the trial (2) 30% or less of approached, eligible patients dissented to participate in the trial; secondary outcomes: (3) follow-up data for patient secondary outcomes can be collected for 80% or more of patients, (4) there should be no greater than 10% increase in serious adverse events in the intervention group compared with the control group.ResultsA total of 19/19 (100%) patients were deemed eligible for the trial and were approached for participation, 5/19 (26%) eligible patients declined to participate in the trial, follow-up data were collected for n=10/14 (71%) patients and there were no serious adverse events reported in either group.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that a fully powered randomised clinical trial of the EarLy Exercise in blunt Chest wall Trauma Trial is feasible.Trial registration numberISRCTN16197429
Gravitational collapse for the K-essence emergent Vaidya spacetime
Authors: Manna Goutam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the gravitational collapse in the k-essence emergent gravity using a generalized Vaidya-type metric as a background. We also analyze the cosmic censorship hypothesis for this system. We show that the emergent gravity metric resembles closely to the new type of the generalized Vaidya metrics for null fluid collapse with the k-essence emergent mass function, where we consider the k-essence scalar field being a function solely of the advanced or the retarded time. This new type of k-essence emergent Vaidya metric has satisfied the required energy conditions. The existence of the locally naked central singularity, the strength and the strongness of the singularities for the k-essence emergent Vaidya metric are the interesting outcomes of the present work.
Timing Is Everything: Misincorporation of 8oxodG during Mitosis Is Lethal
Authors: Alnajjar Khadijeh , Sweasy Joann B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Exploiting universal cancer vulnerabilities has been used as an approach for developing targeted therapies. In this issue of Cancer Research, Rudd and colleagues show that the dual-functioning inhibitor TH588 potentiates the accumulation of reactive oxygen species during mitosis in cancer by disturbing mitotic progression and simultaneously inhibiting the hydrolysis of 8oxodGTP. This leads to increased incorporation of 8oxodG into the DNA during mitotic replication and increased toxicity. Understanding the mechanism of this inhibitor lays the groundwork for identifying cancer targets.
See related article by Rudd et al., p. 3530
Destrin Contributes to Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Hui-Juan , Chang Wen-Jing , Jia Cai-Yun , Qiao Ling , Zhou Jing , Chen Qing , Zheng Xiao-Wei , Zhang Jian-Hua , Li Hong-Chao , Yang Zheng-Yan , Liu Zhong-Hua , Liu Guang-Chao , Ji Shao-Ping , Lu Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Lung cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma, is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying its initiation, development, and metastasis are still poorly understood. Destrin (DSTN) is a member of ADF/cofilin family. Its detailed biological function remains unknown, although it is reported that DSTN is involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and regulation of actin filament turnover. Recent evidence has shown that high expression of cofilin-1 is associated with invasion and poor prognosis of several types of human tumors, but the detailed mechanism is still entirely unclear, particularly in lung cancer tumorigenesis and malignancy. Here, we report that DSTN was highly expressed in a mouse lung cancer model induced by urethane and in clinical lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples. Its expression level was positively correlated with cancer development, as well as metastasis to the liver and lymph nodes. Consistently, it was directly associated with the poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Furthermore, we also found that DSTN promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro, and facilitates subcutaneous tumor formation and lung metastasis via intravenous injection in vivo. Mechanically, DSTN associates with and facilitates nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our results indicated that DSTN enhances lung cancer malignancy through facilitating β-catenin nuclear translocation and inducing EMT. Combined with multivariate analyses, DSTN might potentially serve as a therapeutic target and an independent prognostic marker of lung adenocarcinoma.

Implications:
This finding indicates that DSTN facilitates β-catenin nuclear translocation and promotes malignancy in lung adenocarcinoma.