bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity, Distribution and Morphology of Wild Mushrooms Collected from Gajni Forest of Bangladesh
Authors: Afrin Joty Arifa , Aminuzzaman F. M. , Sultana Nazneen , Tanjina Akter , Sonchita Debosri Rani Biswas , Islam Md. Nurul 
Published: November 2020

A survey was carried out in Gajni forest from June to August of 2017 and 2018 to document the diversity, distribution and morphological characterization of wild mushrooms. A total of 32 mushroom samples were collected and identified to 28 species belonging to 11 genera, under 8 families. Ganoderma sp. was found abundantly in the survey area among the other collected species and it exhibited the maximum frequency of occurrence (75%), whereas the maximum density (20.50%) was recorded for Agaricus bitorquis and the dominant host was Shal tree (Shorea robusta). The dominant genera were Ganoderma, Agaricus, Trametes, Volvariella and Amanita. The dominant family of collected wild mushrooms was Ganodermataceae followed by Polyporaceae, Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Rusullaceae, Pluteaceae, Marasmiaceae and Strophariaceae. Among collected species, 5 species were found edible, 12 species had medicinal value and 11 species were inedible, poisonous or of unknown importance. The specimens were deposited to the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Herbarium of Macro Fungi (SHMF). This is a report of wild mushrooms diversity and their distribution in the Gajni forest region of Bangladesh. This study was asserted that a wide range of mushroom plays an important role in the ecosystem of Gajni forest and might be useful in food and industry sector in future.
Burden of Care Among Mothers Having Children with Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Sharma Nita , Sharma Pratima , Mishra Tulashi Adhikari 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a problem with structure and function of the heart that is present at birth. Children with CHD require special care, treatment and follow up for a number of common conditions which may be quite straining to the care givers. The objective of the study was to find out the burden of care among mothers having children with CHD.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a cardiac centre of Nepal. A total of 95 mothers having children with CHD attending outpatient department of our institute were selected as the sample for the study using non-probability purposive sampling technique. A semi structured interview questionnaire consisting of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index was used to assess the burden of care among mothers having children with CHD. Frequency and percent were used to describe the variables and chi- square test at 0.05 significance level was used to analyse associations.
Results: Most (77.9%) of the mothers were regularly strained to find that their children’s health condition was deteriorating due to CHD. Nearly half (44.2%) of the mothers always had financial constrain while giving care to the child, nearly half (40%) of the mothers had done emotional adjustments to take care of their children with CHD, another two-fifths (28.4%) of the mothers sometimes had disturbed sleep and almost half (46.3%) of the mothers were always upset due to some behaviour of their child with CHD. Half (50.5%) of the mothers had high level of burden of care. Statistically significant association were found between age of the mother and level of burden of care (p value = 0.05). Similarly, the type of family (p value = 0.005), age of the children (p value = 0.000) and type of CHD (p value = 0.002) were significantly associated with the level of burden of care among the mothers.
Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers tend to feel less burden of care as the child grows older, mothers having children with cyanotic heart disease tend to experience more burden of care. Mothers of less than thirty years of age and living in a joint family also experience more burden of care.
Comparative Study about Impact of Inadequate Psychomotor Stimulation on Neuro-Development in Pre-School Children in Rural India
Authors: Chatterjee Nandita , Basu Swati 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: In a rural, underprivileged community, multiple factors including poverty, non-stimulating home environment and lack of parental awareness about early childhood development and early intervention lead to inadequate ‘nurturing care’ for young children, who with genetic predisposition for typical brain development may not reach their developmental potential. The present study attempts to compare and study the developmental differences between children who had adequate stimulation and those who did not during preschool period.
Methods: Developmental assessment of 51 healthy children, aged 3.5 - 4.5 years with poor psychomotor stimulation (study group) and an age-matched group of 27 children attending pre-school (control group) from the same community was conducted and compared. Developmental screening was done using the DDST II screening tool.
Results: The incidence of developmental delay in the study group was significantly higher; deficits were most marked in personal-social and language domain. Concept of colours, counting objects and drawing were conspicuously absent in most children.
Conclusion: Improving home environment, provision of learning opportunity with available resources, and generation of awareness among parents regarding early child development and early intervention are simple, low-cost measures to improve the developmental trajectory in these children.
Morbidity Pattern and Hospital Outcome of Neonates Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Nepal Deepeshwara , Agrawal Sumit , Shrestha Sushan , Rayamajhi Ajit 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The first 28 days of life, neonatal period is crucial as neonates are susceptible to sepsis, birth asphyxia, hypoxic injuries and its consequences which may lead to lifelong morbidity. Knowing the causes of morbidity and mortality is an essential step to improve neonatal health. The aim of this study is to describe the pattern and causes of neonatal admission, immediate hospital outcome in the form of improved, died or left against medical advice and factors associated with its outcome.
Methods: This was a retrospective hospital based study carried out in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal over a period of six months (February 2019 to July 2019 AD). Neonatal details including age, sex, gestational age, birth weight, and maternal age and parity, mode of delivery, place of delivery, neonatal morbidities and neonatal outcomes were recorded in a predesigned performa. Results were expressed as mean, percentage and p value. P- value was calculated by using chi-square test.
Results: A total of 163 neonates were admitted during the study period, among which 106 (65%) were males. The mean birth weight was 2483.96 ± 812.63 gm. Among admitted newborns 130 (79.8%) had good outcome, babies born to young mothers (< 20 years of age) had poor outcome which is statistically significant with p value of 0.002. Neonates whose birth weight were < 1000 gram had significantly poor outcome (0.001).
Conclusion: Common causes of NICU admission were neonatal sepsis, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, prematurity and perinatal asphyxia. Babies born to young primipara mothers, extremely low birth weight, extremely premature babies and babies undergoing mechanical ventilation had poor outcome.
Effect of Local Anaesthesia with and without Adrenaline on Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate and Oxygen Saturation - A Comparative Study
Authors: Yadav Deepak , Bali Harleen , Mishra Ravish , Kandel Laxmi , Khanduri Nitin , Tripathi Shashank , Singh Sunil Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Most of the minor oral surgical procedures are performed under local anaesthesia (LA). Vasoconstrictor present in LA decreases the rapid absorption of LA, decreases systemic toxicity, increases duration of LA and provides local hemostasis which favor clinicians for better work performance. But it is also known to increase heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP).
Objective: To evaluate the effect of vasoconstrictor adrenaline 1:80,000 in 1.8 ml of 2% Lidocaine on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation of normotensive patients.
Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted on 70 patients who were divided randomly into 2 parallel groups according to the LA received. Group 1 (G1): lidocaine 2% without adrenaline and Group 2 (G2): lidocaine 2% with adrenaline 1:80,000. Blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation were measured before and 10 minutes after LA administration for each patient.
Results: Statistically significant rise in blood pressure and pulse rate was seen in group receiving LA with adrenaline (G2) 10 minutes after administration.
Conclusion: Though adrenaline amount in 1.8ml causes significant rise of parameters assessed under the study, the rise is not clinically relevant for a normotensive, medically fit patient.
Toward an understanding of sexual harassment in neurosurgery
Authors: Benzil Deborah L. , Muraszko Karin M. , Soni Pranay , Air Ellen L. , Orrico Katie O. , Rutka James T. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was the creation and administration of a survey to assess the depth and breadth of sexual harassment across neurosurgery.

METHODS
A survey was created to 1) assess perceived attitudes toward systemic issues that might be permissive of sexual harassment; 2) measure the reported prevalence and severity of sexual harassment; and 3) determine the populations at highest risk and those most likely to perpetrate sexual harassment. Demographic information was also included to facilitate further analysis. The SurveyMonkey platform was used, and a request to complete the survey was sent to all Society of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) active and resident members as well as CNS transitional, emeritus, and inactive members. Data were analyzed using RStudio version 1.2.5019.

RESULTS
Nearly two-thirds of responders indicated having witnessed sexual harassment in some form (62%, n = 382). Males were overwhelmingly identified as the offenders in allegations of sexual harassment (72%), with individuals in a “superior position” identified as offenders in 86%. Less than one-third of responders addressed the incidents of sexual harassment when they happened (yes 31%, no 62%, unsure 7%). Of those who did report, most felt there was either no impact or a negative one (negative: 34%, no impact: 38%). Almost all (85%) cited barriers to taking action about sexual harassment, including retaliation/retribution (87%), impact on future career (85%), reputation concerns (72%), and associated stress (50%). Female neurosurgeons were statistically more likely than male neurosurgeons to report witnessing or experiencing sexual harassment, as well as assessing it as a problem.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that neurosurgeons report significant sexual harassment across all ages and practice settings. Sexual harassment impacts both men and women, with more than half personally subjected to this behavior and two-thirds having witnessed it. Male dominance, a hierarchical environment, and a permissive environment remain prevalent within the neurosurgical community. This is not just a historical problem, but it continues today. A change of culture will be required for neurosurgery to shed this mantle, which must include zero tolerance of this behavior, new policies, awareness of unconscious bias, and commitment to best practices to enhance diversity. Above all, it will require that all neurosurgeons and neurosurgical leaders develop an awareness of sexual harassment in the workplace and establish consistent mechanisms to mitigate against its highly deleterious effects in the specialty.
Does double-blind peer review impact gender authorship trends? An evaluation of two leading neurosurgical journals from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Mahajan Uma V. , Wadhwa Harsh , Fatemi Parastou , Xu Samantha , Shan Judy , Benzil Deborah L. , Zygourakis Corinna C. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
Publications are key for advancement within academia. Although women are underrepresented in academic neurosurgery, the rates of women entering residency, achieving board certification, and publishing papers are increasing. The goal of this study was to assess the current status of women in academic neurosurgery publications. Specifically, this study sought to 1) survey female authorship rates in the Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS [not including JNS: Spine or JNS: Pediatrics]) and Neurosurgery from 2010 to 2019; 2) analyze whether double-blind peer review (started in Neurosurgery in 2011) altered female authorship rates relative to single-blind review (JNS); and 3) evaluate how female authorship rates compared with the number of women entering neurosurgery residency and obtaining neurosurgery board certification.

METHODS
Genders of the first and last authors for JNS and Neurosurgery articles from 2010 to 2019 were obtained. Data were also gathered on the number and percentage of women entering neurosurgery residency and women obtaining American Board of Neurological Surgeons (ABNS) certification between 2010 and 2019.

RESULTS
Women accounted for 13.4% (n = 570) of first authors and 6.8% (n = 240) of last authors in JNS and Neurosurgery publications. No difference in rates of women publishing existed between the two journals (first authors: 13.0% JNS vs 13.9% Neurosurgery, p = 0.29; last authors: 7.3% JNS vs 6.0% Neurosurgery, p = 0.25). No difference existed between women first or last authors in Neurosurgery before and after initiation of double-blind review (p = 0.066). Significant concordance existed between the gender of first and last authors: in publications with a woman last author, the odds of the first author being a woman was increased by twofold (OR 2.14 [95% CI 1.43–3.13], p = 0.0001). Women represented a lower proportion of authors of invited papers (8.6% of first authors and 3.1% of last authors were women) compared with noninvited papers (14.1% of first authors and 7.4% of last authors were women) (first authors: OR 0.576 [95% CI 0.410–0.794], p = 0.0004; last authors: OR 0.407 [95% CI 0.198–0.751], p = 0.001). The proportion of women US last authors (7.4%) mirrors the percentage of board-certified women neurosurgeons (5.4% in 2010 and 6.8% in 2019), while the percentage of women US first authors (14.3%) is less than that for women entering neurosurgical residency (11.2% in 2009 and 23.6% in 2018).

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The authors found that single- versus double-blind peer review did not impact female authorship rates at two top neurosurgical journals.
BrainHood: Designing a cognitive training system that supports self-regulated learning skills in children
Authors: Tsiakas Konstantinos , Barakova Emilia , Khan Javed-Vassilis , Markopoulos Panos 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence that cognitive skills and executive functions are skills that children need in order to successfully learn in school. Although executive function disorders are not considered a learning disability, weaknesses in executive functioning are often observed in students with learning disabilities or ADHD. Cognitive games are a type of educational games which focus on enhancing cognitive functioning in children with different profiles of cognitive development, including students with neurocognitive and/or learning disabilities. Self-regulation and metacognitive skills also play an important role in academic performance. OBJECTIVE: In this work, we highlight the need of monitoring and supporting metacognitive skills (self-regulation) in the context of a cognitive training game. We propose a system for self-regulated cognitive training for children which supports metacognitive strategies allowing the child to reflect on their own progress, weaknesses and strengths, self-arrange the training content, and thus to promote their self-regulated learning skills. METHODS: We provide a narrative review of research in cognitive training, self-regulated learning and explainable recommendation systems for children in educational settings. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Based on the review, an experimental testbed is proposed to explore how transparency, explainability and persuasive strategies can be used to promote self-regulated learning skills in children, considering individual differences on learning abilities, preferences, and needs.
MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL (LAZNAS) STUDI KASUS : BAITUL MAAL HIDAYATULLAH (BMH) PUSAT JAKARTA
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Nawawi Kholil , Hamdani Ikhwan 
Published: November 2020

Baznas menyatakan bahwa potensi zakat ada dikisaran 217 Triliun, tapi yang sampai saat ini dikelola oleh BAZNAS dan LAZNAS hanya berada dikisaran 8 Triliun. Lebarnya gap anatara potensi dan pencapaian menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimanakah implementasi manajemen pemasaran di lembaga pengelola zakat dan apa yang menyebabkan mereka belum mampu memaksimalkan potensi yang ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal lebih jauh tentang manajemen pemasaran di lingkungan Lembaga Amil Zakat terkhusus di Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Pusat Jakarta. Penelitian menggonakan metode field research dan table research dengan mengumpulkan data berupa wawancara dan dokumen lembaga. Hasil penelitian mendapati bahwa sebenarnya program-program yang ada di Baitul Maal Hidayatullah sudah berjalan dengan baik, tapi kurangnya kreativitas dan inovasi untuk mengemas program tersebut agar menjadi lebih menarik mengurangi minat para donatur/muzakki untuk menyalurkan lebih banyak dananya ke lembaga tersebut. Terbatasnya tenaga yang tersedia juga berperan atas tidak maksimalnya kinerja pemasaran di lembaga, beban yang terlalu berat dipikulkan pada individu yang berada dilingkup pemasaran membuat mereka tidak begitu leluasa untuk berkreatifitas lebih bebas. Ditambah lagi kurangnya penguasaan tentang ilmu pemasaran yang lebih lanjut semakin menghambat pengembangan pemasaran di Baitul Maal Hidayatullah. Baitul Maal Hidayatullah butuh merekrut lebih banyak tenaga profesional agar beban berlebih yang ditanggung para manajer dan staff pemasaran bisa berkurang dan potensi kreatifitas mereka bisa dimaksimalkan. Dan dilapangan perlu relawan tambahan untuk memberikan pendampingan agar manfaat (dana/bantuan) yang diterima bisa meningkatkan taraf hidup mereka.
GÜMRÜK KANUNU’NDA İDARİ İTİRAZ YOLU
Authors: ARMAĞAN Aylin , SEYHAN Serkan 
Published: November 2020

Gümrük Kanunu’nun İtirazlar başlıklı bölümünde yer alan 242. maddesinde gümrük vergi ve cezaları ile idari kararlara karşı başvurulabilecek itiraz yolu düzenlenmiştir. Gümrük Kanunu’nda yer alan idari itiraz gerek yüksek mahkeme içtihatları ve idare uygulamasında gerekse bu konuda yapılan akademik çalışmalarda ekseriyetle zorunlu idari başvuru yolu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Anılan hüküm ve hükme ilişkin ikincil mevzuat incelendiğinde, bu uygulamanın hem idari yargılama hukukunun temel ilkeleriyle hem de temel hak ve özgürlüklerle çeliştiği noktalar olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Zira bu idari başvuru yolu, vergi mükellefinin mahkemeye erişim hakkını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Ayrıca uzayan idari ve yargısal süreçten dolayı kaynaklanabilecek gecikme faizi nedeniyle mükelleflerin mülkiyet hakkı da dolaylı olarak etkilemektedir.
Bu çalışma neticesinde var olan hükmün idare ve yargı organları tarafından yanlış değerlendirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Zira Gümrük Kanunu’ndaki düzenleme açıkça ihtiyari bir başvuru yolu çizerken bu yol zorunlu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Daha sonra hükme ilişkin ikincil mevzuattaki düzenlemelerin kaynağı olarak İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu’nun (İYUK) 10. maddesine yapılan gönderme kanımızca hatalıdır. Zira İYUK m. 10, idarenin bir işlem tahsis etmediği durumlar için var olan bir düzenlemedir. Oysa Gümrük Kanunu’nda yer alan idari itiraz ancak gümrük idaresince yapılan bir idari işleme karşı yapılabilmektedir. Bu tespitler ışığında son olarak bireylerin temel hak ve özgürlüklerinin ihlal edilebileceğinin altı çizilmektedir. Zira idari itirazın sürüncemede bırakılması bireylerin var olan hukuki uyuşmazlığı yargı yoluna götürmesine engel olarak mahkemeye erişim hakkını engellemektedir.
The Influence of Successfully Completed Triage Courses and Work Experience of Advanced Emergency Medical Technicians on Their Perception of Patient Disposition
Authors: Mozafari Javad , Afzalimoghaddam Mohammad , Talebian Mohammad Taghi , Bahreini Maryam , Mohammadnejad Esmaeil 
Published: November 2020

Introduction This study assessed the impact of various one-day workshops and the work experience of advanced emergency medical technicians (AEMTs) on their prediction of patient disposition. Methods We conducted a prospective study on 267 patient transport missions to the emergency department. During the study, convenience sampling was used in all the clinical shifts of the lead author. The AEMTs completed the questionnaires, which comprised of the number of successfully completed workshops; other training courses; work experience and their perception of the patient's disposition. The latter was compared to the ultimate disposition of patients determined by emergency medicine specialists. Results The respective figures for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 86%, 80%, 33% and 66% on predicting patient disposition for AEMTs who passed fewer workshops; and 79%, 76%, 34% and 96% for the participants with less than 4 years’ work experience. The Kappa coefficient for the agreement between AEMTs’ prediction and ultimate patient disposition was 0.387. Conclusion The number of triage courses was not positively effective in the prediction of patient disposition by AEMTs; the number of years of work experience did not make a difference either. The AEMTs were fair in their prediction of patient disposition in comparison with the emergency medicine specialists.