bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Phase Exfoliated Indium Selenide Based Highly Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Curreli Nicola , Serri Michele , Spirito Davide , Lago Emanuele , Petroni Elisa , Martín‐García Beatriz , Politano Antonio , Gürbulak Bekir , Duman Songül , Krahne Roman , Pellegrini Vittorio , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLayered semiconductors of the IIIA–VIA group have attracted considerable attention in (opto)electronic applications thanks to their atomically thin structures and their thickness‐dependent optical and electronic properties, which promise ultrafast response and high sensitivity. In particular, 2D indium selenide (InSe) has emerged as a promising candidate for the realization of thin‐film field effect transistors and phototransistors due to its high intrinsic mobility (>102 cm2 V−1 s−1) and the direct optical transitions in an energy range suitable for visible and near‐infrared light detection. A key requirement for the exploitation of large‐scale (opto)electronic applications relies on the development of low‐cost and industrially relevant 2D material production processes, such as liquid phase exfoliation, combined with the availability of high‐throughput device fabrication methods. Here, a β polymorph of indium selenide (β‐InSe) is exfoliated in isopropanol and spray‐coated InSe‐based photodetectors are demonstrated, exhibiting high responsivity to visible light (maximum value of 274 A W−1 under blue excitation 455 nm) and fast response time (15 ms). The devices show a gate‐dependent conduction with an n‐channel transistor behavior. Overall, this study establishes that liquid phase exfoliated β‐InSe is a valid candidate for printed high‐performance photodetectors, which is critical for the development of industrial‐scale 2D material‐based optoelectronic devices.
Fluidic Flow Assisted Deterministic Folding of Van der Waals Materials
Authors: Zhao Huan , Wang Beibei , Liu Fanxin , Yan Xiaodong , Wang Haozhe , Leong Wei Sun , Stevens Mark J. , Vashishta Priya , Nakano Aiichiro , Kong Jing , Kalia Rajiv , Wang Han 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrigami offers a distinct approach for designing and engineering new material structures and properties. The folding and stacking of atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) materials, for example, can lead to intriguing new physical properties including bandgap tuning, Van Hove singularity, and superconductivity. On the other hand, achieving well‐controlled folding of vdW materials with high spatial precision has been extremely challenging and difficult to scale toward large areas. Here, a deterministic technique is reported to fold vdW materials at a defined position and direction using microfluidic forces. Electron beam lithography (EBL) is utilized to define the folding area, which allows precise control of the folding geometry, direction, and position beyond 100 nm resolution. Using this technique, single‐atomic‐layer vdW materials or their heterostructures can be folded without the need for any external supporting layers in the final folded structure. In addition, arrays of patterns can be folded across a large area using this technique and electronic devices that can reconfigure device functionalities through folding are also demonstrated. Such scalable formation of folded vdW material structures with high precision can lead to the creation of new atomic‐scale materials and superlattices as well as opening the door to realizing foldable and reconfigurable electronics.
From Geometry to Activity: A Quantitative Analysis of WO3/Si Micropillar Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Zhao Yihui , Westerik Pieter , Santbergen Rudi , Zoethout Erwin , Gardeniers Han , Bieberle‐Hütter Anja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity of microstructured electrodes remains low despite the highly enlarged surface area and enhanced light harvesting. To obtain a deeper understanding of the effect of 3D geometry on the PEC performance, well‐defined WO3/n‐Si and WO3/pn‐Si micropillar arrays are fabricated and subjected to a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the geometry of the micropillars (length, pitch) and their PEC activity. For WO3/n‐Si micropillars, it is found that the photocurrent increases for WO3/n‐Si pillars, but not in proportion to the increase in surface area that results from increased pillar length or reduced pillar pitch. Optical simulations show that a reduced pillar pitch results in areas of low light intensity due to a shadowing effect. For WO3/pn‐Si micropillar photoelectrodes, the p–n junction enhances the photocurrent density up to a factor of 4 at low applied bias potential (0.8 V vs RHE) compared to the WO3/n‐Si. However, the enhancement in photocurrent density increases first and then decreases with reduced pillar pitch, which scales with the photovoltage generated by the p–n junction. This is related to an increased dead layer of the p–n junction Si surface, which results in a decreased photovoltage even though the total surface area increases.
Dendrimer‐Based, High‐Luminescence Conjugated Microporous Polymer Films for Highly Sensitive and Selective Volatile Organic Compound Sensor Arrays
Authors: Liu Huaqian , Wang You , Mo Wanqi , Tang Hongliang , Cheng Zhiyong , Chen Yu , Zhang Shitong , Ma Hongwei , Li Bin , Li Xiaobai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are attracting increasing attention in chemical sensing due to their extended π‐conjugated framework, permanent microporous structure, and large specific surface area. However, the extremely poor solubility and processability of CMPs, as well as the serious fluorescence quenching caused by aggregation, restrict their practical applications. Herein, a high‐luminescence CMP film is constructed based on a novel dendrimer (TPETCz) featured by its central tetraphenylethylene “core” with aggregation‐induced emission effect and its highly electro‐active “branches.” High specific surface area CMP films for analyte diffusion are fabricated by a facile in situ electropolymerization method. These dendrimer‐based CMP films exhibit superior sensitivity to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). More importantly, 18 types, the most types reported, of VOC vapors are precisely distinguished by the linear discriminant analysis by establishing a 2D fluorescence sensor array based on the CMP films and the dendrimer monomer films.
Microstructured Biodegradable Fibers for Advanced Control Delivery
Authors: Shadman Shahrzad , Nguyen‐Dang Tung , Das Gupta Tapajyoti , Page Alexis Gérald , Richard Inès , Leber Andreas , Ruza Jurgis , Krishnamani Govind , Sorin Fabien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiodegradable polymers are increasingly employed at the heart of therapeutic devices. Particularly in the form of thin and elongated fibers, they offer an effective strategy for controlled release in a variety of biomedical configurations such as sutures, scaffolds, wound dressings, surgical or imaging probes, and smart textiles. So far however, the fabrication of fiber‐based drug delivery systems has been unable to fulfill significant requirements of medicated fibers such as multifunctionality, adequate mechanical strength, drug loading capability, and complex release profiles of multiple substances. Here, a novel paradigm in the design and fabrication of microstructured biodegradable fibers with tailored mechanical properties and capable of predefined release patterns from multiple reservoirs is proposed. Different biodegradable polymers compatible with the scalable thermal drawing process are identified, and their release properties as thin films of various thicknesses in the fiber form are experimentally investigated and modeled. Multimaterial microstructured fibers with predictable complex release profiles of potentially different substances are then designed and fabricated. Moreover, the tunability of the mechanical properties via tailoring the drawing process parameters is demonstrated, as well as the ability to weave such fibers. This work establishes a novel platform for biodegradable microstructured fibers for applications in implants, sutures, wound dressing, or tissue scaffolds.
Toward Stimuli‐Responsive Dynamic Thermosets through Continuous Development and Improvements in Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs)
Authors: Podgórski Maciej , Fairbanks Benjamin D. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , McBride Matthew , Martinez Alina , Dobson Adam , Bongiardina Nicholas J. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCovalent adaptable networks (CANs), unlike typical thermosets or other covalently crosslinked networks, possess a unique, often dormant ability to activate one or more forms of stimuli‐responsive, dynamic covalent chemistries as a means to transition their behavior from that of a viscoelastic solid to a material with fluid‐like plastic flow. Upon application of a stimulus, such as light or other irradiation, temperature, or even a distinct chemical signal, the CAN responds by transforming to a state of temporal plasticity through activation of either reversible addition or reversible bond exchange, either of which allows the material to essentially re‐equilibrate to an altered set of conditions that are distinct from those in which the original covalently crosslinked network is formed, often simultaneously enabling a new and distinct shape, function, and characteristics. As such, CANs span the divide between thermosets and thermoplastics, thus offering unprecedented possibilities for innovation in polymer and materials science. Without attempting to comprehensively review the literature, recent developments in CANs are discussed here with an emphasis on the most effective dynamic chemistries that render these materials to be stimuli responsive, enabling features that make CANs more broadly applicable.
The Role of Tie Chains on the Mechano‐Electrical Properties of Semiconducting Polymer Films
Authors: Gu Kaichen , Onorato Jonathan W. , Luscombe Christine K. , Loo Yueh‐Lin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe mechano‐electrical properties of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin films are investigated as a function of their tie‐chain content. Tie chains play an indispensable role in enabling strain‐induced structural alignment and charge‐transport enhancement in the strain direction. In the absence of sufficient tie chains, the external mechanical force cannot induce any significant polymer backbone alignment locally or crystallite reorientation at the mesoscale. These samples instead undergo brittle fracture on deformation, with cracks forming normal to the direction of strain; charge transport in this direction is hindered as a consequence. This mechanistic insight on strain alignment points to the promise of leveraging tie‐chain fraction as a practical tuning knob for effecting the mechano‐electrical properties in conjugated polymer systems.
Gadolinium Photocatalysis: Dearomative [2+2] Cycloaddition/Ring‐Expansion Sequence with Indoles
Authors: Ma Jiajia , Schäfers Felix , Daniliuc Constantin , Bergander Klaus , Strassert Cristian A. , Glorius Frank 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLanthanide photocatalysts are much less investigated in synthetic chemistry than rare and expensive late transition metals. We herein introduce GdIIIphotocatalysis of a highly regioselective, intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition/ring‐expansion sequence with indoles, which could provide divergent access to cyclopenta[b]indoles and indolines. A simple and commercially available Gd(OTf)3salt is sufficient for this visible‐violet‐light‐induced transformation. The reaction proceeds either through a transient or start‐to‐end dearomatization cascade and shows excellent regioselectivity (usually >95:5 r.r.), broad scope (59 examples), good functional group tolerance and facile scale‐up under mild, direct visible‐light‐excitation conditions. Mechanistic investigations reveal that direct excitation of the Gd(OTf)3/indole mixture gives an excited state intermediate, which undergoes the subsequent [2+2] cycloaddition and cyclobutane‐expansion cascade.
B−B Bond Nucleophilicity in a Tetraaryl μ‐Hydridodiborane(4) Anion
Authors: Trageser Timo , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe tetraaryl μ‐hydridodiborane(4) anion [2H]− possesses nucleophilic B−B and B−H bonds. Treatment of K[2H] with the electrophilic 9‐H‐9‐borafluorene (HBFlu) furnishes the B3 cluster K[3], with a triangular boron core linked through two BHB two‐electron, three‐center bonds and one electron‐precise B−B bond, reminiscent of the prominent [B3H8]− anion. Upon heating or prolonged stirring at room temperature, K[3] rearranges to a slightly more stable isomer K[3 a]. The reaction of M[2H] (M+=Li+, K+) with MeI or Me3SiCl leads to equimolar amounts of 9‐R‐9‐borafluorene and HBFlu (R=Me or Me3Si). Thus, [2H]− behaves as a masked [:BFlu]− nucleophile. The HBFlu by‐product was used in situ to establish a tandem substitution‐hydroboration reaction: a 1:1 mixture of M[2H] and allyl bromide gave the 1,3‐propylene‐linked ditopic 9‐borafluorene 5 as sole product. M[2H] also participates in unprecedented [4+1] cycloadditions with dienes to furnish dialkyl diaryl spiroborates, M[R2BFlu].
cRacle: R tools for estimating climate from vegetation
Authors: Harbert Robert S. , Baryiames Alex A. 
Published: February 2020

PremiseThe Climate Reconstruction Analysis using Coexistence Likelihood Estimation (CRACLE) method utilizes a robust set of modeling tools for estimating climate and paleoclimate from vegetation using large repositories of biodiversity data and open access R software.MethodsHere, we implement a new R package for the estimation of climate from extant and fossil vegetation. The ‘cRacle’ package implements functions for data access, aggregation, and modeling to estimate climate from plant community compositions. ‘cRacle’ is modular and includes many best‐practice features.ResultsPerformance tests using modern vegetation survey data from North and South America shows that CRACLE outperforms alternative methods. CRACLE estimates of mean annual temperature are usually within 1°C of the actual values when optimal model parameters are used. Generalized boosted regression (GBR) model correction improves CRACLE estimates by reducing bias.DiscussionCRACLE provides accurate estimates of climate based on the composition of modern plant communities. Non‐parametric CRACLE modeling coupled with GBR model correction produces the most accurate results to date. The ‘cRacle’ R package streamlines the estimation of climate from plant community data, which will make this modeling more accessible to a wider range of users.
Deep learning based automated analysis of archaeo‐geophysical images
Authors: Küçükdemirci Melda , Sarris Apostolos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThanks to recent advances in deep learning (DL) and the increasing availability of large labeled/annotated datasets and trained network models, there has been impressive progress in the automated analysis of images from different scientific domains such as medicine, microbiology, astronomy and remote sensing. The automated analysis of archaeo‐geophysical data is also considered important due to the large spatial extent of areas covered by landscape surveys using multi‐sensor arrays driven by motorized carts and subsequently the large volume of collected data. In this work, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is built by Python 3.6 programming language using the Deep Learning Library of Keras with Tensorflow backends, a library that implements the building blocks for CNN. The network is trained from scratch adopting U‐Net architecture to accomplish an automatic analysis of the archaeo‐geophysical features with emphasis on ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) anomalies.
Sensory Processing Patterns and Fusiform Activity During Face Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kuno‐Fujita Ayaka , Iwabuchi Toshiki , Wakusawa Keisuke , Ito Hiroyuki , Suzuki Katsuaki , Shigetomi Akira , Kosaka Hirotaka , Tsujii Masatsugu , Tsuchiya Kenji J. 
Published: February 2020

A growing body of evidence has indicated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit abnormal reactions to sensory stimuli and impaired face processing. Although behavioral studies have reported that individual differences in sensory processing patterns are correlated with performance in face processing tasks, the neural substrates underlying the association between sensory processing patterns and face processing remain unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study examined the relationships between sensory processing patterns assessed with the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) and brain activity during a one‐back task with two types of stimuli (face or house pictures). We enrolled 18 Japanese adults with ASD and 19 age‐ and IQ‐matched controls. Sensation Avoiding scores, which were assessed using the AASP, were positively correlated with right fusiform activity during the presentation of pictures of faces in the ASD group, but not in the control group. This suggests that abnormal sensory processing patterns in ASD are associated with abnormal face‐related brain activity, possibly resulting in impaired face processing. Autism Res 2020, 13: 741–750. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummarySensory abnormalities are one of the most common symptoms in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study shows that individuals with ASD who react abnormally to sensory stimuli also exhibit atypical brain activity when recognizing faces. Abnormal sensory processing may partly explain the difficulty that people diagnosed with ASD have in identifying others' faces.
Prevention of incisional hernia after midline laparotomy with prophylactic mesh reinforcement: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Jairam A P , López-Cano M , Garcia-Alamino J M , Pereira J A , Timmermans L , Jeekel J , Lange J , Muysoms F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Incisional hernia is a frequent complication after abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of prophylactic mesh reinforcement (PMR) after midline laparotomy in reducing the incidence of incisional hernia.

Methods
A meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcome was the incidence of incisional hernia after follow-up of at least 12 months. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications. Only RCTs were included. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis was conducted.

Results
Twelve RCTs were included, comprising 1815 patients. The incidence of incisional hernia was significantly lower after PMR compared with sutured closure (risk ratio (RR) 0·35, 95 per cent c.i. 0·21 to 0·57; P &lt; 0·001). Both onlay (RR 0·26, 0·11 to 0·67; P = 0·005) and retromuscular (RR 0·28, 0·10 to 0·82; P = 0·02) PMR led to a significant reduction in the rate of incisional hernia. The occurrence of seroma was higher in patients who had onlay PMR (RR 2·23, 1·10 to 4·52; P = 0·03). PMR did not result in an increased rate of surgical-site infection.

Conclusion
PMR of a midline laparotomy using an onlay or retromuscular technique leads to a significant reduction in the rate of incisional hernia in high-risk patients. Individual risk factors should be taken into account to select patients who will benefit most.
[Correction added on 19 February 2020, after first online publication: J. García Alamino has been amended to J. M. Garcia-Alamino]
A phase II study evaluating the role of bortezomib in the management of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia treated upfront with arsenic trioxide
Authors: Kulkarni Uday , Ganesan Saravanan , Alex Ansu Abu , Palani Hamenth , David Sachin , Balasundaram Nithya , Venkatraman Arvind , Thenmozhi Mani , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Korula Anu , Devasia Anup , Abraham Aby , Janet Nancy Beryl , Balasubramanian Poonkuzhali , George Biju , Mathews Vikram 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe standard‐of‐care for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) relapsing after upfront arsenic trioxide (ATO) therapy is not defined. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the safety of addition of bortezomib to ATO in the treatment of relapsed APL based on our previously reported preclinical data demonstrating synergy between these agents. This was an open label, nonrandomized, phase II, single‐center study. We enrolled 22 consecutive patients with relapsed APL. The median age was 26.5 years (interquartile range 17.5 to 41.5). The median time from initial diagnosis to relapse was 23.1 months (interquartile range 15.6 to 43.8). All patients achieved hematological remission at a median time of 45 days (range 40‐63). Nineteen patients were in molecular remission at the end of induction. Grade 3 adverse events occurred in eight instances with one patient requiring discontinuation of therapy for grade 3 neuropathy. Twelve (54.5%) patients underwent autologous transplantation (auto‐SCT) in molecular remission while the rest opted for maintenance therapy. The median follow‐up was 48 months (range 28‐56.3). Of the patients undergoing auto‐SCT, all except one was alive and relapse free at last follow‐up. Of the patients who opted for maintenance therapy, three developed a second relapse. For treatment of APL relapsing after upfront ATO therapy, addition of bortezomib to a standard ATO‐based salvage regimen is safe and effective. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01950611.
Effect of Aromatic Rings and Substituent on the Performance of Lithium Batteries with Rylene Imide Cathodes
Authors: Aher Jagdish , Graefenstein Alexander , Deshmukh Gunvant , Subramani Kumar , Krueger Bastian , Haensch Mareike , Schwenzel Julian , Krishnamoorthy Kothandam , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRylene imides (RIs) are attractive organic battery materials because of the inherent modularity of the molecules. While strong aggregation of RIs is disadvantageous for fast lithium‐ion transport in the organic active material, decreasing the solubility of the RIs in battery electrolytes is essential to avoid performance fading. Therefore, the design and synthesis of RIs for lithium batteries is a non‐trivial task that must, among other considerations, balance lithium‐ion transport in the solid material vs. low solubility by controlling aggregation and packing. We have chosen triphenylamine (TPA) as a substituent which disrupts the aggregation but maintains a low solubility due to increased aromaticity of TPA. We have synthesized three RIs with one, two, and four aromatic units in the core. All of them showed stable specific capacity over 300 charge‐discharge cycles. The batteries also showed specific capacities close to their theoretical capacities with 97–99 % coulombic efficiency. The maximum specific energy and specific power were 197 mWh g−1 and 37 mW g−1, respectively.