bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle management of Micra transcatheter pacing system: Data from a high‐volume center
Authors: Bhatia Neal K. , Kiani Soroosh , Merchant Faisal M. , Delurgio David B. , Patel Anshul M. , Leon Angel R. , Lloyd Michael S. , Westerman Stacy B. , Shah Anand D. , El‐Chami Mikhael F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundData on the management of Micra transcatheter pacing system (TPS) at the time of an upgrade or during battery depletion is limited.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the management patterns of patients implanted with a Micra TPS during long‐term follow‐up.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients who underwent Micra implantation from April 2014 to November 2019. We identified patients who underwent extraction (n = 11) or had an abandoned Micra (n = 12).ResultsWe identified 302 patients who received a Micra during the period of the study. Mean age was 72.7 ± 15.4 years, 54.6% were men, and left ventricular ejection fraction was 51.9 ± 5.2%. Mean follow‐up was 1105.5 ± 529.3 days. Procedural complications included pericardial tamponade (n = 1) treated with pericardiocentesis, significant rise in thresholds (n = 6) treated with reimplantation (n = 4), and major groin complications (n = 2). Indications for extraction included an upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device (n = 3), bridging after extraction of an infected transvenous system (n = 3), elevated thresholds (n = 3), and non‐Micra‐related bacteremia (n = 2). The median time from implantation to extraction was 78 days (interquartile range: 14–113 days), with the longest extraction occurring at 1442 days. All extractions were successful, with no procedural or long‐term complications. Indications for abandonment included the need for CRT (n = 6), battery depletion (n = 2), increasing thresholds/failure to capture (n = 3), and pacemaker syndrome (n = 1). All procedures were successful, with no procedural or long‐term complications.ConclusionIn this large single‐center study, 6% of patients implanted with a Micra required a system modification during long‐term follow‐up, most commonly due to the requirement for CRT pacing. These patients were managed successfully with extraction or abandonment.
How best to annuitize defined contribution assets?
Authors: Munnell Alicia H. , Wettstein Gal , Hou Wenliang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract401(k) plans provide little guidance on turning accumulated assets into income. Insurance against the risk of outliving one's assets is available through immediate annuities, deferred annuities, and additional Social Security through delayed claiming. Under this Social Security bridge option, participants would tap their 401(k) for payments equal to their Social Security to delay claiming. This paper compares these three options in simulations against a baseline in which no assets are annuitized. In each option, assets not allocated to purchasing lifetime income are consumed following the required minimum distribution; robustness of results to optimal drawdown conditional on annuitization strategy is also assessed. The analysis finds that, when market and health shocks are included alongside longevity uncertainty, the Social Security bridge option is generally the best for households with median wealth. Wealthier households can benefit from combining the bridge option with a deferred annuity.
Understanding psychology's resistance to intersectionality theory using a framework of epistemic exclusion and invisibility
Authors: Settles Isis H. , Warner Leah R. , Buchanan NiCole T. , Jones Martinque K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough intersectionality has become part of the everyday lexicon, the field of psychology has demonstrated resistance to the theory, which we argue reflects epistemic exclusion. Epistemic exclusion is the devaluation of some scholarship as illegitimate and certain scholars as lacking credibility. We suggest that intersectionality has been epistemically excluded because it challenges dominant psychological norms about the scientific process and has been most readily endorsed by psychologists from marginalized groups. We provide evidence that epistemic exclusion has occurred through formal means (e.g., exclusion from mainstream journals) and informal processes (e.g., repeated misrepresentation of the theory). We use visibility theory to highlight the role of disciplinary power in this process, such that dominant psychologists act as gatekeepers. Finally, we discuss how the epistemic exclusion of intersectionality is a barrier to social issues scholarship and social justice in psychology, and offer structural recommendations for intersectionality's epistemic inclusion.
How the internet increases modern contraception uptake: evidence from eight sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Toffolutti Veronica , Ma Hai , Menichelli Giulia , Berlot Ester , Mencarini Letizia , Aassve Arnstein 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have the highest worldwide levels of unmet need for modern contraception. This has led to persistently high fertility rates in the region, rates which have had major adverse repercussions on the development potential there. Family planning programmes play a key role in improving the uptake of modern contraception, both by fostering women’s health and by lowering their fertility. Increasing awareness of contraception benefits is a major component of such programmes. Here, we ask whether internet access can bridge the gap between women’s need for modern contraception and women’s uptake of the same.MethodsWe use a compendium of data for 125 242 women, aged 15–49, from the Demographic Health Survey, Akamai and International Communication Union data, covering eight SSA countries, for the period 2014–2019. We apply a Two-Stage Least Square model, using as instruments for individual internet exposure the distance to the main server in the country and whether the backbone network in the country has been connected to at least one submarine cable.ResultsInternet exposure, measured as women access the internet at least monthly (almost daily), is associated with a positive, 11.4% (95% CI 10.6% to 12.2%) (53.8% (95% CI 13.4% to 94.1%)), increase in modern contraception uptake. Education is an important moderator. Poorly educated women benefit the most from internet exposure.DiscussionInternet exposure appears to have significantly increased the uptake of modern contraception among sub-Saharan women. The poorly educated appear particularly to benefit. There are two mechanisms at play: the internet increases women’s knowledge of contraception; and, in parallel, fosters their empowerment.
Estimating patterns in the under-reporting of suicide deaths in India: comparison of administrative data and Global Burden of Disease Study estimates, 2005–2015
Authors: Arya Vikas , Page Andrew , Armstrong Gregory , Kumar G Anil , Dandona Rakhi 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIt has been proposed that the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), which reports suicides in India, differentially underenumerates suicides by geographic and demographic factors. We assessed the extent of potential underenumeration by comparing suicides recorded in NCRB data with recent estimates of Indian suicides developed by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) initiative.MethodsAge-standardised suicide rates were calculated for both data sources by sex, age and state, and rate ratios of NCRB to GBD estimates by corresponding strata were compared to ascertain the relative under-reporting in the NCRB report.ResultsThe GBD Study reported an additional 802 684 deaths by suicide (333 558 male and 469 126 female suicide deaths) compared with the NCRB report between 2005 and 2015. Among males, the average under-reporting was 27% (range 21%–31%) per year, and among females, the average under-reporting was 50% (range 47%–54%) per year. Under-reporting was more evident among younger (15–29 years) and older age groups (≥60 years) compared with middle age groups. Indian states belonging to low Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) generally had greater underenumeration compared with middle and high-SDI states.ConclusionNCRB data under-report suicides in India, and differentially by sex, age and geographic area, possibly because of lack of community-level reporting of suicides due to social stigma and legal consequences. While the recent decriminalisation of suicide is expected to improve community-level reporting of suicides, suicide prevention policies should be developed, with a priority to address social stigma attached with suicide and suicidal behaviour, especially among females.
Hypotension following pre-hospital rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia: a retrospective database analysis
Authors: Howes RJ , Walsh J , Le Clerc S , Atkinson L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent trends in Pre-Hospital Emergency Medicine (PHEM) have demonstrated the potential benefit of using fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium for pre-hospital rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia (RSI). Isolated cases of potentially significant hypotension have been reported. This study aimed to establish a potential link between the incidence of hypotension and the dose and combination of anaesthetic induction agents used.MethodsA retrospective database review was undertaken of all cases attended by the Great North Air Ambulance Service requiring RSI during a 25-month period. The blood pressure (BP) before and after RSI and doses of drugs were recorded. Cases were divided into three groups based on changes in BP: group 1 (increase in BP post induction >20% or more), group 2 (between 20% increase and 20% fall in BP) and group 3 (fall in BP of 20% or more).Results105 cases were included in the analysis. Group 1 included 11 cases (range 23% to 106% increase in BP), group 2 included 57 cases (19% increase to 18% decrease) and group 3 included 37 cases (20% fall to 63% fall in BP).There was no statistically significant link to rocuronium (p=0.46) or ketamine (p=0.054) but the dose of fentanyl administered was highly significant (p<0.001).DiscussionThis review showed a potential link between fentanyl dose and the degree of hypotension during RSI. Although this is a small study with some limitations it gives an indication that dose ratios in RSI may need to be reviewed.
Modification of Extracellular Matrix Enhances Oncolytic Adenovirus Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma
Authors: Kiyokawa Juri , Kawamura Yoichiro , Ghouse Shanawaz M. , Acar Simge , Barçın Erinç , Martínez-Quintanilla Jordi , Martuza Robert L. , Alemany Ramon , Rabkin Samuel D. , Shah Khalid , Wakimoto Hiroaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronan (HA) facilitates malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma (GBM), however, whether HA impacts response to GBM immunotherapies is not known. Herein, we investigated whether degradation of HA enhances oncolytic virus immunotherapy for GBM.

Experimental Design:
Presence of HA was examined in patient and murine GBM. Hyaluronidase-expressing oncolytic adenovirus, ICOVIR17, and its parental virus, ICOVIR15, without transgene, were tested to determine if they increased animal survival and modulated the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) in orthotopic GBM. HA regulation of NF-κB signaling was examined in virus-infected murine macrophages. We combined ICOVIR17 with PD-1 checkpoint blockade and assessed efficacy and determined mechanistic contributions of tumor-infiltrating myeloid and T cells.

Results:
Treatment of murine orthotopic GBM with ICOVIR17 increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and macrophages, and upregulated PD-L1 on GBM cells and macrophages, leading to prolonged animal survival, compared with control virus ICOVIR15. High molecular weight HA inhibits adenovirus-induced NF-κB signaling in macrophages in vitro, linking HA degradation to macrophage activation. Combining ICOVIR17 with anti-PD-1 antibody further extended the survival of GBM-bearing mice, achieving long-term remission in some animals. Mechanistically, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages all contributed to the combination therapy that induced tumor-associated proinflammatory macrophages and tumor-specific T-cell cytotoxicity locally and systemically.

Conclusions:
Our studies are the first to show that immune modulatory ICOVIR17 has a dual role of mediating degradation of HA within GBM ECM and subsequently modifying the immune landscape of the TME, and offers a mechanistic combination immunotherapy with PD-L1/PD-1 blockade that remodels innate and adaptive immune cells.
Clinical Efficacy and Molecular Response Correlates of the WEE1 Inhibitor Adavosertib Combined with Cisplatin in Patients with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Keenan Tanya E. , Li Tianyu , Vallius Tuulia , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Tayob Nabihah , Kochupurakkal Bose , Davis Janae , Pastorello Ricardo , Tahara Rie K. , Anderson Leilani , Conway Jake , He Meng X. , Shannon Erin , Godin Robert E. , Sorger Peter K. , D'Andrea Alan , Overmoyer Beth , Winer Eric P. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Tolaney Sara M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
We report results from a phase II study assessing the efficacy of the WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib with cisplatin in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with mTNBC treated with 0–1 prior lines of chemotherapy received cisplatin 75 mg/m2 i.v. followed 21 days later by cisplatin plus adavosertib 200 mg oral twice daily for five doses every 21 days. The study had 90% power to detect the difference between null (20%) and alternative (40%) objective response rates (ORR) with a one-sided type I error of 0.1: an ORR &gt;30% was predefined as making the regimen worthy of further study. RNA sequencing and multiplex cyclic immunofluorescence on pre- and post-adavosertib tumor biopsies, as well as targeted next-generation sequencing on archival tissue, were correlated with clinical benefit, defined as stable disease ≥6 months or complete or partial response.

Results:
A total of 34 patients initiated protocol therapy; median age was 56 years, 2 patients (6%) had BRCA2 mutations, and 14 (41%) had one prior chemotherapy. ORR was 26% [95% confidence interval (CI), 13–44], and median progression-free survival was 4.9 months (95% CI, 2.3–5.7). Treatment-related grade 3–5 adverse events occurred in 53% of patients, most commonly diarrhea in 21%. One death occurred because of sepsis, possibly related to study therapy. Tumors from patients with clinical benefit demonstrated enriched immune gene expression and T-cell infiltration.

Conclusions:
Among patients with mTNBC treated with 0–1 prior lines, adavosertib combined with cisplatin missed the prespecified ORR cutoff of &gt;30%. The finding of immune-infiltrated tumors in patients with clinical benefit warrants validation.
Combined Targeting of PARG and Wee1 Causes Decreased Cell Survival and DNA Damage in an S-Phase–Dependent Manner
Authors: Agostini Lebaron C. , Jain Aditi , Shupp Alison , Nevler Avinoam , McCarthy Grace , Bussard Karen M. , Yeo Charles J. , Brody Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway sets the stage for tumorigenesis and provides both an opportunity for drug efficacy and resistance. Therapeutic approaches to target the DDR pathway include aiming to increase the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapies and synergistic drug strategies to enhance DNA damage, and hence cell death. Here, we report the first preclinical evaluation of a novel synergistic approach by using both genetic and small-molecule inhibition methods of silencing the DDR-related protein, poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), and the checkpoint kinase inhibitor, Wee1, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that coinhibition of PARG and Wee1 synergistically decreased cell survival and increased DNA damage in an S-phase–dependent manner.

Implications:
In preclinical models, we demonstrate the efficacy and mechanism of action of targeting both PARG and Wee1 in PDAC and colorectal carcinoma cells.

Visual Overview:
http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/2/207/F1.large.jpg.
Primitive Accumulation, Mafia Capitalism, and the Campesino Population in Paraguay
Authors: Friggeri Félix Pablo 
Published: November 2020

The mafia capitalism currently taking shape in Latin America and with remarkable eloquence in Paraguay is centered largely around agriculture. Two of its key characteristics are violence and cynicism. The cynicism refers to the presentation of violence toward the popular majority as “natural,” disregarding ethical criticism and upholding capitalism as the only possible course, with the result that anything opposed to it must be eliminated in the most effective manner, including violence. This mafia capitalism is solidified by intertwined legal and illegal measures. El capitalismo mafioso que está tomando forma a lo largo de América Latina y con notable elocuencia en Paraguay se centra en gran medida en la agricultura. Dos de sus características clave son la violencia y el cinismo. El cinismo se refiere a la caracterización de la violencia dirigida hacia la mayor parte de la población como algo “natural”, asunto que no toma en cuenta las críticas éticas y defiende el capitalismo como el único camino posible, con el resultado de que todo lo que se opone a este debe ser eliminado de la manera más efectiva, incluyendo a partir de la violencia. Este capitalismo mafioso se solidifica con medidas legales e ilegales entrelazadas.
Implementing person-centred outcome measures in palliative care: An exploratory qualitative study using Normalisation Process Theory to understand processes and context
Authors: Bradshaw Andy , Santarelli Martina , Mulderrig Malene , Khamis Assem , Sartain Kathryn , Boland Jason W. , Bennett Michael I. , Johnson Miriam , Pearson Mark , Murtagh Fliss E. M. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Despite evidence demonstrating the utility of using Person-Centred Outcome Measures within palliative care settings, implementing them into routine practice is challenging. Most research has described barriers to, without explaining the causal mechanisms underpinning, implementation. Implementation theories explain how, why, and in which contexts specific relationships between barriers/enablers might improve implementation effectiveness but have rarely been used in palliative care outcomes research. Aim: To use Normalisation Process Theory to understand and explain the causal mechanisms that underpin successful implementation of Person-Centred Outcome Measures within palliative care. Design: Exploratory qualitative study. Data collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using a Framework approach. Setting/participants: 63 healthcare professionals, across 11 specialist palliative care services, were purposefully sampled by role, experience, seniority, and settings (inpatient, outpatient/day therapy, home-based/community). Results: Seven main themes were developed, representing the causal mechanisms and relationships underpinning successful implementation of outcome measures into routine practice. Themes were: Subjectivity of measures; Frequency and version of Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale; Training, education, and peer support; Building and sustaining community engagement; Electronic system readiness; The art of communication; Reinforcing use through demonstrating value. Conclusions: Relationships influencing implementation resided at individual and organisational levels. Addressing these factors is key to driving the implementation of outcome measures into routine practice so that those using palliative care services can benefit from the systematic identification, management, and measurement of their symptoms and concerns. We provide key questions that are essential for those implementing and using outcome measures to consider in order to facilitate the integration of outcome measures into routine palliative care practice.
Association of D-dimers with acute kidney injury in pregnant women: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Baiying , Jiang Qianqian , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2020

Objective This study was performed to determine the association of D-dimers measured at the time of admission with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pregnant women. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 625 women who developed AKI and 628 normal pregnant women admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. The primary endpoint of the study was the development of AKI in pregnant women, and the secondary endpoint was the development of dialysis and death in women with AKI. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results The D-dimer concentration was significantly higher in patients with than without pregnancy-related AKI (PR-AKI). Multivariate logistic regression showed that a D-dimer concentration of >1108 ng/mL was an independent predictor of PR-AKI. The area under the curve of the D-dimer concentration as a prognostic indicator of PR-AKI was 0.652 (95% confidence interval, 0.622–0.683), that for patients with PR-AKI undergoing dialysis was 0.819 (95% confidence interval, 0.709–0.928), and that for patients who died was 0.828 (95% confidence interval, 0.670–0.986). Conclusion The D-dimer concentration is significantly associated with the development of AKI in pregnant patients and may increase the risk of dialysis and death in women with AKI.
Association Between Different Forms of Elder Mistreatment and Cognitive Change
Authors: Li Mengting , Dong XinQi 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: Elder mistreatment (EM) is associated with worse physical health and psychological well-being, but little is known regarding its cognitive consequences. Methods: Data were derived from the T1–T2 PINE ( n = 2713). EM was measured by psychological, physical, and sexual mistreatment; financial exploitation; and caregiver neglect. Cognitive function was evaluated by global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, processing speed, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Linear regression was used. Results: At baseline, physical mistreatment and caregiver neglect were associated with lower global cognition and cognitive domains, while psychological mistreatment was associated with higher cognitive function. Older adults with incident psychological mistreatment, physical mistreatment, and caregiver neglect had a faster decrease in global cognition and cognitive domains over 2 years. Discussion: This study is among the first to examine the association between different forms of EM and cognitive change. These findings provide a basis for engaging ethnic minorities with EM to maintain cognitive health.