bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When and why does emotional design foster learning? Evidence for situational interest as a mediator of increased persistence
Authors: Endres Tino , Weyreter Steffen , Renkl Alexander , Eitel Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultiple studies have revealed the beneficial effects of emotional design on affective or motivational factors but not often on learning outcomes. We, therefore, tested one important boundary condition: the duration of the learning episode. For the implementation of emotional design, we used the video format of sketched explanation videos, which is particularly popular on online video platforms. We tested the hypothesis that emotional design is beneficial for learning but only in the later phases of studying (sustained learning). This learning benefit is mediated via triggered and maintained situational interest. Seventy‐nine students took part in a two‐group between‐subjects design. Students learned from one of two videos (16 min): either a neutral video that followed cognitive design principles or an emotional‐designed video that was based on the neutral video but enriched with emotional design elements (e.g., personalized frame story, warm colours, and tender voice). In line with our hypothesis, the emotional design led to triggered situational interest, leading to a higher maintained situational interest, which in turn fostered performance in the third (final) study phase but not in the two previous ones. Our results suggest that emotional design's positive effects are detectable especially (or only) during prolonged study situations in which motivational factors may play a more critical role. This study thus provides a potential explanation for mixed effects from previous research in this study field.Lay DescriptionWhat is already known about this topic
Many explanatory videos on video platforms use live sketching as emotional design.
Emotional design influences affective or motivational factors in previous studies.
These affective effects rarely translated into better learning outcomes.
This mixed pattern of results of emotional design suggests boundary conditions.
What this paper adds
Emotional design improves learning in longer learning sessions.
These beneficial effects were driven by situational interest.
This process analysis suggests situational interest as an explanatory mechanism.
Learning session length seems to explain previously ambiguous result patterns.
Implications for practice and/or policy
Live sketching videos can be used to implement emotional design.
Emotional design would be of particular benefit in longer‐learning sessions.
Emotional design is particularly promising in self‐guided learning arrangements.
Impact of wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator compliance on outcomes in the VEST trial: As‐treated and per‐protocol analyses
Authors: Olgin Jeffrey E. , Lee Byron K. , Vittinghoff Eric , Morin Daniel P. , Zweibel Steven , Rashba Eric , Chung Eugene H. , Borggrefe Martin , Hulley Stephen , Lin Feng , Hue Trisha F. , Pletcher Mark J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundVest Prevention of Early Sudden Death Trial did not demonstrate a significant reduction in arrhythmic death with the wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator (WCD), but compliance with the device may have substantially affected the results. ThePletcher influence of WCD compliance on outcomes has not yet been fully evaluated.MethodsUsing linear and pooled logistic models, we performed as‐treated analyses omitting person‐time in the hospital and adjusted for correlates of WCD compliance. To assess the impact of early stopping of WCD, we performed a per‐protocol Kaplan‐Meier analysis, censoring after the last day the WCD was worn. Interactions of potential effect modifiers with treatment assignment and WCD compliance on outcomes were investigated. Finally, we used linear models to identify predictors of WCD compliance.ResultsA per‐protocol analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in total (P < .001) and arrhythmic (P = .001) mortality. Better WCD compliance was independently predicted by cardiac arrest during index myocardial infarction (MI), higher Cr, diabetes, prior heart failure, EF ≤ 25%, Polish enrolling center and number of WCD alarms, while worse compliance was predicted by being divorced, Asian race, higher body mass index, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, or any WCD shock. Neither excluding time in hospital from the as‐treated analysis nor adjustment for factors affecting WCD compliance materially changed the results. No variable demonstrated a significant interaction in either the intention‐to‐treat or as‐treated analysis.ConclusionRobust sensitivity analyses of as‐treated and per‐protocol analyses suggest that the WCD is protective in compliant patients with ejection fraction less than or equal to 35% during the first 3 months post‐MI.
Dronedarone treatment following cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter: A post hoc analysis of the EURIDIS and ADONIS trials
Authors: Thind Munveer , Crijns Harry J. , Naccarelli Gerald V. , Reiffel James A. , Corp dit Genti Valérie , Wieloch Mattias , Koren Andrew , Kowey Peter R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe phase 3 EURIDIS and ADONIS studies evaluated dronedarone for atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter (AFL) recurrence in patients with nonpermanent AF. Here we assessed whether patient characteristics and/or treatment outcomes in these studies differed based on the need for cardioversion before randomization.MethodsTime to adjudicated first AF/AFL recurrence, symptomatic recurrence, cardiovascular hospitalization/death, and AF hospitalization, and safety were assessed by cardioversion status.ResultsOf 1237 patients randomized (2:1 dronedarone:placebo), 364 required baseline cardioversion (dronedarone 243, placebo 121). Patients requiring cardioversion had a greater prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and shorter times to first AF/AFL recurrence compared with those not requiring cardioversion. Dronedarone was associated with longer median time to first AF/AFL recurrence vs placebo regardless of cardioversion status (cardioversion: 50 vs 15 days, hazard ratio [HR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59‐0.97; P = .02; non‐cardioversion: 150 vs 77 days, HR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.90; P < .01). Dronedarone was similarly associated with prolonged median time to symptomatic recurrence vs placebo in the cardioversion (347 vs 87 days, HR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.49‐0.87) and non‐cardioversion (288 vs 120 days, HR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62‐0.90) populations. Risk of cardiovascular hospitalization/death and first AF hospitalization was lower with dronedarone vs placebo regardless of cardioversion status, but differences were not statistically significant. The safety of dronedarone was similar in both groups.ConclusionPatients requiring baseline cardioversion represent a distinct population, having more underlying cardiovascular disease and experiencing a shorter time to AF/AFL recurrences. Dronedarone was associated with improved efficacy vs placebo regardless of cardioversion status.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication on gastric regenerating atypia in 22 133 subjects
Authors: Nam Ji Hyung , Nam Su Youn , Park Bum Joon , Ryu Kum Hei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study was to identify factors affecting persistent gastric regenerating atypia and determine the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the course of this lesion.MethodsIn cross‐sectional setting, comprehensive health check‐up subjects who underwent both endoscopy and H. pylori test from 2001 to 2009 were included. The association between H. pylori and gastric regenerating atypia was evaluated. In cohort setting, patients with regenerating atypia who underwent H. pylori test from 2001 to 2013 were included. Factors affecting positive pathology (persistent regenerating atypia or new development of neoplasm) in patients with regenerating atypia at baseline were investigated.ResultsIn cross‐sectional setting, regenerating atypia was observed in 1.1% (241/22 133). H. pylori infection was associated with gastric regenerating atypia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.91). In cohort setting, 310 patients with regenerating atypia were finally eligible. Positive pathology rate during follow up was 16.1% (15/93) in the persistent infection group, 2.8% (3/106) in successful eradication group, and 4.5% (5/111) in baseline H. pylori‐negative group. Persistent H. pylori infection increased the risk of positive pathology (adjusted risk ratio [RR], 7.18; 95% CI, 1.95–26.48) compared to H. pylori eradication group. Persistent H. pylori infection increased the risk of regenerative atypia (adjusted RR, 5.70; 95% CI, 1.46–22.17) and new neoplasm (adjusted RR, 10.74; 95% CI, 1.10–105.17) compared to baseline negative H. pylori.ConclusionsH. pylori infection is an independent risk factor for gastric regenerating atypia. Eradication of H. pylori seems helpful for regression of regenerating atypia.
The intercarotid or alar fascia, other cervical fascias, and their adjacent spaces – a plea for clarification of cervical fascia and spaces terminology
Authors: Feigl Georg , Hammer Georg P. , Litz Rainer , Kachlik David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to varying descriptions and terminology of fascias of the neck, medical advice relying on this basic knowledge is insufficient. Our goal was to provide a precise anatomical description of cervical fascias and spaces with special focus on the intercarotid fascia, or the alar fascia. One hundred bodies donated to science embalmed with Thiel's method were investigated, cervical fascias were dissected layer by layer, and the results were documented by photography, with a focus on the intercarotid fascia. In addition, we performed a review of recent literature concerning cervical surgical interventions, radiological diagnostic pathways, and basic anatomical works focusing on core information on anatomical relations of cervical fascias and spaces. In another 10 bodies donated to science, the spaces of the neck were injected with coloured latex under ultrasound guidance, dissected, and documented by photography. The intercarotid fascia was a constantly developed connective tissue interconnecting the carotid sheath of both sides. In 52 of 100 specimens (52%) it crossed to the opposite side without any fusion to the ventrally situated visceral fascia. Fusion with the visceral fascia was found in 48%, either at the lateral border of the pharynx or on its dorsal side. The results of our dissections strengthen the precise description of the cervical fascias provided by Grodinsky and Holyoke in 1938. Spaces can be confirmed as described by Hafferl in 1969. The international anatomical and ENT societies should codify a unified anatomical terminology of the cervical spaces and fascias to prevent varying interpretations in the future.
Oxygen detoxification by dienoyl‐CoA oxidase involving flavin/disulfide cofactors
Authors: Schmid Georg , Scheffen Marieke , Willistein Max , Boll Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClass I benzoyl‐CoA reductases (BCRs) are oxygen‐sensitive key enzymes in the degradation of monocyclic aromatic compounds in anaerobic prokaryotes. They catalyze the ATP‐dependent reductive dearomatization of their substrate to cyclohexa‐1,5‐diene‐1‐carboxyl‐CoA (1,5‐dienoyl‐CoA). An aromatizing 1,5‐dienoyl‐CoA oxidase (DCO) activity has been proposed to protect BCRs from oxidative damage, however, the gene and its product involved have not been identified, yet. Here, we heterologously produced a DCO from the hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon Ferroglobus placidus that coupled the oxidation of two 1,5‐dienoyl‐CoA to benzoyl‐CoA to the reduction of O2 to water at 80°C. DCO showed similarities to members of the old yellow enzyme family and contained FMN, FAD and an FeS cluster as cofactors. The O2‐dependent activation of inactive, reduced DCO is assigned to a redox thiol switch at Eo′ = −3 mV. We propose a catalytic cycle in which the active site FMN/disulfide redox centers are reduced by two 1,5‐dienoyl‐CoA (reductive half‐cycle), followed by two consecutive two‐electron transfer steps to molecular oxygen via peroxy‐ and hydroxyflavin intermediates yielding water (oxidative half‐cycle). This work identified the enzyme involved in a unique oxygen detoxification process for an oxygen‐sensitive catabolic enzyme.
Systemin‐mediated long‐distance systemic defense responses
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Hui , Lin Jinxing 
Published: February 2020

SummarySystemin, a peptide plant hormone of 18 amino acids, coordinates local and systemic immune responses. The activation of the canonical systemin‐mediated systemic signaling pathway involves systemin release from its precursor prosystemin, systemin binding to its membrane receptor SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR1 (SYR1), and the transport of long‐distance signaling molecules, including jasmonic acid, the prosystemin mRNA, volatile organic compounds and possibly systemin itself. Here, we review emerging evidence that the disordered structure and unconventional processing and secretion of systemin contribute to the regulation of systemin‐mediated signaling during plant defense. We highlight recent advances in systemin research, which elucidated how cells integrate multiple long‐distance signals into the systemic defense response. In addition, we discuss the perception of systemin by SYR1 and its mediation of downstream defense responses.
Late spontaneous dissection of the facial artery after facial trauma: unprecedented case report
Authors: Pereira R.M.A. , Rodrigues V.C. , Pelet S.M. , Sousa V.H.P. , De Paula D.M. , Marangon H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArterial dissections may occur spontaneously or be preceded by mild or severe trauma, resulting in immediate rupture of the vessel. Spontaneous arterial dissection is defined when the nature of the trauma is small and/or its rupture occurs late and ‘traumatically’. However, the literature has reported little about spontaneous dissection of arteries originating from the external carotid artery, and until the production of this article, there was no case report about spontaneous dissection of the facial artery. In this case, 30 days after the surgical procedure of bloody reduction in condylar and mandibular parasymphysis fractures caused by trauma, the patient returned to the emergency room with submental oedema and internal bleeding, caused by dissection of the facial artery. This is a serious condition that can lead the patient to death within a few minutes, being the correct diagnosis and an accurate approach, fundamental to the success in trying to save the patient's life.
Mitigation strategies for anti‐D alloimmunization by platelet transfusion in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: a survey of NCCN® centres
Authors: Poston Jacqueline N. , Sugalski Jessica , Gernsheimer Terry B. , Marc Stewart F. , Pagano Monica B. 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivesD‐negative patients are at risk of developing an alloantibody to D (anti‐D) if exposed to D during transfusion. The presence of anti‐D can lead to haemolytic transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the newborn. Anti‐D alloimmunization can also complicate allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with haemolysis and increased transfusion requirements. The goal of this study was to determine whether cancer centres have transfusion practices intended to prevent anti‐D alloimmunization with special attention in patients considered for HSCT.Methods and materialsTo understand transfusion practices regarding D‐positive platelets in D‐negative patients with large transfusion needs, we surveyed the 28 cancer centres that are members of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®).ResultsNineteen centres responded (68%). Most centres (79%) avoid transfusing D‐positive platelets to RhD‐negative patients when possible. Four centres (21%) avoid D‐positive platelets only in D‐negative women of childbearing age. If a D‐negative patient receives a D‐positive platelet transfusion, 53% of centres would consider treating with Rh immune globulin (RhIg) to prevent alloimmunization in women of childbearing age. Only one centre also gives RhIg to all D‐negative patients who are HSCT candidates including adult men and women of no childbearing age.ConclusionThere is wide variation in platelet transfusion practices for supporting D‐negative patients. The majority of centres do not have D‐positive platelet transfusion policies focused on preventing anti‐D alloimmunization specifically in patients undergoing HSCT. Multicentre, longitudinal studies are needed to understand the clinical implications of anti‐D alloimmunization in HSCT patients.
Automated Identification and Extraction of Exercise Treadmill Test Results
Authors: Zheng Chengyi , Sun Benjamin C. , Wu Yi‐Lin , Lee Ming‐Sum , Shen Ernest , Redberg Rita F. , Ferencik Maros , Natsui Shaw , Kawatkar Aniket A. , Musigdilok Visanee V. , Sharp Adam L. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Noninvasive cardiac tests, including exercise treadmill tests (ETTs), are commonly utilized in the evaluation of patients in the emergency department with suspected acute coronary syndrome. However, there are ongoing debates on their clinical utility and cost‐effectiveness. It is important to be able to use ETT results for research, but manual review is prohibitively time‐consuming for large studies. We developed and validated an automated method to interpret ETT results from electronic health records. To demonstrate the algorithm's utility, we tested the associations between ETT results with 30‐day patient outcomes in a large population.

Methods and Results

A retrospective analysis of adult emergency department encounters resulting in an ETT within 30 days was performed. A set of randomly selected reports were double‐blind reviewed by 2 physicians to validate a natural language processing algorithm designed to categorize ETT results into normal, ischemic, nondiagnostic, and equivocal categories. Natural language processing then searched and categorized results of 5214 ETT reports. The natural language processing algorithm achieved 96.4% sensitivity and 94.8% specificity in identifying normal versus all other categories. The rates of 30‐day death or acute myocardial infarction varied (
P
<0.001) by categories for normal (0.08%), ischemic (1.9%), nondiagnostic (0.77%), and equivocal (0.58%) groups achieving good discrimination (C‐statistic, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.7–0.92).

Conclusions
Natural language processing is an accurate and efficient strategy to facilitate large‐scale outcome studies of noninvasive cardiac tests. We found that most patients are at low risk and have normal ETT results, while those with abnormal, nondiagnostic, or equivocal results have slightly higher risks and warrant future investigation.
Time Trends in Survival Following First Hemorrhagic or Ischemic Stroke Between 1991 and 2015 in the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Waziry Reem , Heshmatollah Alis , Bos Daniel , Chibnik Lori B. , Ikram M. Arfan , Hofman Albert , Ikram M. Kamran 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
The introduction of stroke units and the implementation of evidence-based interventions have been a breakthrough in the management of patients with stroke over the past decade. Survival following stroke is an important indicator in monitoring stroke burden. Recent data on survival by stroke subtype in the general population is scarce. We assessed (1) recent temporal time trends in survival; (2) age-standardized death rates; (3) survival probabilities at 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years following first hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Within the population-based Rotterdam Study between 1991 and 2015, we assessed time trends in survival among 162 with first-ever hemorrhagic and 988 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke across 3 time periods (1991–1998; 1999–2007; 2008–2015) using time-varying Cox regression model and calculated age-standardized death rates according to the European 2010 census population.

Results—

In the hemorrhagic stroke group, a total of 144 deaths occurred during 386 person-years. Following a hemorrhagic stroke, we observed similar mortality rates over the years with 30 per 100 person-years in 2015 compared with 25/100 person-years in 1991. Similarly, compared with the earliest study period (1991–1998), mortality rates remained unchanged in the latest study period (2008–2015; hazard ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.61–1.57];
P
=0.93). In the ischemic stroke group, a total of 711 deaths occurred during 4897 person-years. We observed a decline in mortality rates in 2015 (11 per 100 person-years) compared with 1991 (29/100 person-years). This translated to favorable trends in the latest study period 2008 to 2015 (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.56–0.90];
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
Survival following ischemic stroke has improved over the past decade, while no change was observed in survival following hemorrhagic stroke.
Liberal Quakerism in America in the Long Nineteenth Century, 1790–1920
Authors: Hamm Thomas D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Thomas D. Hamm (Earlham College) argues that a self-conscious, liberal Quakerism emerged in North America between 1790 and 1920. It had three characteristics. The first was a commitment to liberty of conscience. The second was pronounced doubts about orthodox beliefs, such as the divinity of Christ. Finally, liberal Friends saw themselves as holding beliefs fully consistent with early Quakerism. Stirrings appeared as early as the 1790s. Hicksite Friends in the 1820s, although perceiving themselves as traditionalists, manifested all of these characteristics. When other Hicksites took such stances in even more radical directions after 1830, however, bitter divisions ensued. Orthodox Friends were slower to develop liberal thought. It emerged after 1870, as higher education became central to the Gurneyite branch of Orthodox Quakerism, and as some Gurneyites responded to influences in the larger society, and to the changes introduced by the advent of revivalism, by embracing modernist Protestantism.
Observed Evolution of the Tropical Atmospheric Water Cycle with Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Höjgård-Olsen Erik , Brogniez Hélène , Chepfer Hélène 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBetter understanding of how moisture, clouds, and precipitation covary under climate warming lacks a comprehensive observational view. This paper analyzes the tropical atmospheric water cycle’s evolution with sea surface temperature (SST), using for the first time, the synergistic dataset of instantaneous observations of the relative humidity profile from the Megha-Tropiques satellite, clouds from the CALIPSO satellite, and near-surface precipitation from the CloudSat satellite, and quantifies their rates of change with SST warming. The dataset is partitioned into three vertical velocity regimes, with cloudy grid boxes categorized by phase (ice or liquid), opacity (opaque or thin), and the presence of near-surface precipitation. Opaque cloud cover is always larger in the presence of near-surface precipitation (high ice clouds especially). Low liquid water clouds in the descending regime dominate for SSTs < 299.25 K, where the free troposphere is dry (~20%), and opaque liquid water cloud cover decreases with SST warming (−8% K−1) and thin liquid water cloud cover stays constant (~20%). High ice clouds dominate the ascending regime in which, for 299.25 < SST < 301.75 K, humidity increases with SST in the lower free troposphere and peaks around 302 K. Over the warm SST range (>301.75 K), in the ascending regime, opaque high ice cloud cover decreases with SST (−13% K−1), while thin ice cloud cover increases (+6% K−1). Over the warm SST range, total cloudiness decreases with warming in all regimes. This paper characterizes fundamental relationships between aspects of the tropical atmospheric water cycle and SST.