bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing core outcome sets for gastrointestinal recovery in studies of postoperative ileus and small bowel obstruction: protocol for a nested methodological study
Authors: Chapman S. J. , Lee M. J. , Blackwell S. , Arnott R. , ten Broek R. P. G. , Delaney C. P. , Dudi‐Venkata N. N. , Hind D. , Jayne D. G. , Mellor K. , Mishra A. , O’Grady G. , Sammour T. , Thorpe G. , Wells C. I. , Wolthuis A. M. , Fearnhead N. S. ,   the Tripartite Gastrointestinal Recovery Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionGastrointestinal recovery describes the restoration of normal bowel function in patients with bowel disease. This may be prolonged in two common clinical settings: postoperative ileus and small bowel obstruction. Improving gastrointestinal recovery is a research priority but researchers are limited by variation in outcome reporting across clinical studies. This protocol describes the development of core outcome sets for gastrointestinal recovery in the contexts of postoperative ileus and small bowel obstruction.MethodAn international Steering Group consisting of patient and clinician representatives has been established. As overlap between clinical contexts is anticipated, both outcome sets will be co‐developed and may be combined to form a common output with disease‐specific domains. The development process will comprise three phases, including definition of outcomes relevant to postoperative ileus and small bowel obstruction from systematic literature reviews and nominal‐group stakeholder discussions; online‐facilitated Delphi surveys via international networks; and a consensus meeting to ratify the final output. A nested study will explore if the development of overlapping outcome sets can be rationalized.Dissemination and implementationThe final output will be registered with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials initiative. A multi‐faceted, quality improvement campaign for the reporting of gastrointestinal recovery in clinical studies will be launched, targeting international professional and patient groups, charitable organizations and editorial committees. Success will be explored via an updated systematic review of outcomes 5 years after registration of the core outcome set.
Local perceptions of conservation objectives in an alternative livelihoods program outside Bardia National Park, Nepal
Authors: LeClerq Ariane T. , Gore Meredith L. , Lopez Maria C. , Kerr John M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPromoting alternative livelihoods that do not depend on exploiting biodiversity is a common approach to encourage proconservation attitudes and behaviors among people around protected areas in developing countries. To what extent do participants in alternative livelihoods programs understand the intended connection to conservation objectives? This often‐overlooked question is important for understanding program effectiveness. We use exploratory qualitative research to investigate this question in the buffer zone around Nepal's Bardia National Park. We also examine participants' attitudes and behaviors toward conservation. Overall, we find low awareness of the program's conservation objectives. People participating in alternative livelihood activities with a direct connection to conservation, for example, employment in the tourism industry, developing alternative energy that substitutes for biomass from the park, and efforts to limit human‐wildlife conflict, are more likely to understand and appreciate the connection to conservation than those receiving alternative livelihood options unrelated to conservation, for example sewing and tailoring. Their attitudes and behavior towards conservation follow similar patterns. Our findings call for conservation programs to establish systems to monitor participants' understanding of their conservation objectives and how this connects to their attitudes and behaviors towards conservation.
Temporal population variability in local forest communities has mixed effects on tree species richness across a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Fung Tak , Chisholm Ryan A. , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina , Bourg Norm , Brockelman Warren Y. , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Chang‐Yang Chia‐Hao , Chitra‐Tarak Rutuja , Chuyong George , Condit Richard , Dattaraja Handanakere S. , Davies Stuart J. , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Fewless Gary , Fletcher Christine , Gunatilleke C. V. Savitri , Gunatilleke I. A. U. Nimal , Hao Zhanqing , Hogan J. Aaron , Howe Robert , Hsieh Chang‐Fu , Kenfack David , Lin YiChing , Ma Keping , Makana Jean‐Remy , McMahon Sean , McShea William J. , Mi Xiangcheng , Nathalang Anuttara , Ong Perry S. , Parker Geoffrey , Rau E‐Ping , Shue Jessica , Su Sheng‐Hsin , Sukumar Raman , Sun I‐Fang , Suresh Hebbalalu S. , Tan Sylvester , Thomas Duncan , Thompson Jill , Valencia Renato , Vallejo Martha I. , Wang Xugao , Wang Yunquan , Wijekoon Pushpa , Wolf Amy , Yap Sandra , Zimmerman Jess 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmong the local processes that determine species diversity in ecological communities, fluctuation‐dependent mechanisms that are mediated by temporal variability in the abundances of species populations have received significant attention. Higher temporal variability in the abundances of species populations can increase the strength of temporal niche partitioning but can also increase the risk of species extinctions, such that the net effect on species coexistence is not clear. We quantified this temporal population variability for tree species in 21 large forest plots and found much greater variability for higher latitude plots with fewer tree species. A fitted mechanistic model showed that among the forest plots, the net effect of temporal population variability on tree species coexistence was usually negative, but sometimes positive or negligible. Therefore, our results suggest that temporal variability in the abundances of species populations has no clear negative or positive contribution to the latitudinal gradient in tree species richness.
A sentiment analysis approach to improve authorship identification
Authors: Martins Ricardo , Almeida José João , Henriques Pedro , Novais Paulo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWriting style is considered the manner in which an author expresses his thoughts, influenced by language characteristics, period, school, or nation. Often, this writing style can identify the author. One of the most famous examples comes from 1914 in Portuguese literature. With Fernando Pessoa and his heteronyms Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos, and Ricardo Reis, who had completely different writing styles, led people to believe that they were different individuals. Currently, the discussion of authorship identification is more relevant because of the considerable amount of widespread fake news in social media, in which it is hard to identify who authored a text and even a simple quote can impact the public image of an author, especially if these texts or quotes are from politicians. This paper presents a process to analyse the emotion contained in social media messages such as Facebook to identify the author's emotional profile and use it to improve the ability to predict the author of the message. Using preprocessing techniques, lexicon‐based approaches, and machine learning, we achieved an authorship identification improvement of approximately 5% in the whole dataset and more than 50% in specific authors when considering the emotional profile on the writing style, thus increasing the ability to identify the author of a text by considering only the author's emotional profile, previously detected from prior texts.
Helicobacter pylori heteroresistance to clarithromycin in adults—New data by in situ detection and improved concept
Authors: Kocsmár Éva , Kocsmár Ildikó , Buzás György Miklós , Szirtes Ildikó , Wacha Judit , Takáts Alajos , Hritz István , Schaff Zsuzsa , Rugge Massimo , Fassan Matteo , Kiss András , Lotz Gábor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundClarithromycin (Cla) heteroresistance of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infections is commonly assessed by comparing the resistance status of antrum and corpus biopsy samples and by demonstrating the discrepancy between them (interniche heteroresistance). However, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique is capable of showing the synchronous presence of susceptible and resistant bacteria (intraniche heteroresistance), enabling the detection of heteroresistant H pylori populations within one biopsy sample.Materials and MethodsAntrum and corpus biopsy specimens of 305 H pylori‐infected patients were investigated with an rRNA‐targeted Cla‐resistance FISH test. Anamnestic data were collected from the institutional electronic register. Prevalence rates of susceptible, homo‐ and heteroresistant cases were correlated with the anamnestic and clinicopathological data.ResultsOverall Cla‐resistance rate was 23.9% (73 cases), consisting of 35 (11.5%) homoresistant and 38 (12.5%) heteroresistant cases. Thirty‐five patients had at least one biopsy site where susceptible and resistant bacteria were present simultaneously. From this subset, 20 cases demonstrated intraniche heteroresistance on both sites. Prior Cla‐based eradication attempts were more frequent in homoresistant than in susceptible and heteroresistant cases (P < .001, P < .001, respectively). Cla‐containing therapy eradicated heteroresistant infections at a significantly lower rate in comparison with susceptible cases (P = .0112), but more effectively than homoresistants (P = .0393).ConclusionsThe most frequent type of Cla‐heteroresistance is the coexistence of susceptible and resistant H pylori bacteria in the same location (intraniche heteroresistance). A previous Cla‐based eradication attempt predisposes patients to homoresistant infection. Heteroresistance is characterized by a non‐eradication‐related background and intermediate characteristics in many respects when compared to susceptible and homoresistant cases.
How well are we performing the initial assessment of HIV‐positive patients? Results from a multicentre cohort in Spain
Authors: Suárez‐García I , Alejos B , Delgado E , Rivero M , Pineda JA , Jarrin I ,   the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Network (CoRIS) study group
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to the recommendations of the Spanish guidelines for the initial assessment of patients with HIV infection in the multicentre Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Network (CoRIS) during the years 2004–2017.MethodsWe calculated the percentage of patients who had each of 11 clinical and analytical recommended examinations performed in their initial evaluation. We evaluated the factors associated with not performing each examination with multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsWe included 13 612 patients in the study. In the initial assessment, CD4 count and viral load were determined in more than 98.0% of the patients. Serologies for hepatitis A, B and C and syphilis were determined in 55.8%, 66.4%, 89.8% and 81.7% of the patients, respectively. Total cholesterol and creatinine were determined in 78.7% and 78.9% of the patients, respectively. The lowest proportions of examinations were observed for blood pressure, smoking status and latent tuberculosis screening, which were performed in 43.2%, 50.6% and 53.9% of the patients, respectively. Injecting drug users and heterosexual patients (compared to men who have sex with men) and patients with a lower educational level had a higher risk of having an incomplete initial assessment for a substantial number of examinations. Latent tuberculosis screening was less likely in patients with CD4 counts < 200 cells/µL.ConclusionsThe initial assessment of HIV‐infected patients is suboptimal for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk, smoking status, screening of syphilis and viral hepatitis, and diagnosis of latent tuberculosis: adherence to the guidelines was low for these examinations.
Pentecostal Dynamics of African Initiated Churches
Authors: Olofinjana Israel Oluwole 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay is a historical consideration of the body of churches known as African Initiated Churches (AICs). The key research questions I am investigating are whether this church can be classified as Pentecostal and how it employs transnational networking in its mission strategy. I have approached this question by exploring the Pentecostal dynamics and transnational networking of the Cherubim and Seraphim Church as an example of an AIC. To this end, I analyze the Pentecostal and transnational nature of an international ecumenical conference organized by the church in London in 2017. This essay is written from the perspective of someone who was born and raised within the church movement, but has also studied the movement as part of African Christianity. The originality of this essay is in its analysis of the transnational nature of the international ecumenical conference.
Nurses' intentions to respond to requests for legal assisted‐dying: A Q‐methodological study
Authors: Wilson Michael R. , Wiechula Rick , Cusack Lynette , Wilson Marie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore the intentions of nurses to respond to requests for legal assisted‐dying.BackgroundAs more Western nations legalize assisted‐dying, requests for access will increase across clinical domains. Understanding the intentions of nurses to respond to such requests is important for the construction of relevant policy and practice guidelines.DesignMixed‐methods.Data SourcesA total of 45 Australian nurses from aged, palliative, intensive, or cancer care settings surveyed in November 2018.MethodQ‐methodology studying nurses’ evaluations of 49 possible responses to a request for a hastened death. Data consisted of rank‐ordered statements analysed by factor analysis with varimax rotation.FindingsFour distinct types of intentions to respond to requests for assisted‐dying: a) refer and support; b) object to or deflect the request; c) engage and explore the request; or d) assess needs and provide information.ConclusionThe findings underscore the complexity of intentionality in assisted‐dying nursing practice and differences from other forms of end‐of‐life care, particularly regarding patient advocacy and conscientious objection. This study enables further research to explore determinants of these intentions. It can also assist the development of professional guidance by linking policy and clinical intentions.ImpactIdentified a basic range of nurses’ intentions to respond to requests for assisted‐dying, as there was no evidence at present. Developed a fourfold typology of intentions to respond with most nurses intending to engage in practices that support the requestor and sometimes the request itself. A minority would object to discussing the request. The relatively low level of advocacy within the intended responses selected also is distinctly different from other end‐of‐life care research findings. This research could assist nursing associations in jurisdictions transitioning to legal assisted‐dying to develop guidance ways nurses can frame their responses to requests.
Genotype‐by‐environment interactions for seminal fluid expression and sperm competitive ability
Authors: Patlar Bahar , Ramm Steven A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSperm competition commonly occurs whenever females mate multiply, leading to variation in male paternity success. This can be due to variation in the various traits that might affect sperm competitive ability, which itself depends on both genetic and environmental factors, as well as on genotype‐by‐environment interactions (GEI). Seminal fluid is a major component of the male ejaculate that is often expected to mediate sperm competition, where different genotypes can differ in their seminal fluid expression as a response to different levels of sperm competition (i.e. exhibit GEI). We therefore here focussed on testing for GEI in expression of two recently identified seminal fluid transcripts, suckless‐1 and suckless‐2, which potentially modulate sperm competitive ability in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano via their effects on manipulating post‐mating partner behaviour and ultimately the fate of transferred ejaculates. In addition, we sought to test for GEI in sperm competitive ability in a standardized sperm competition (P1 and P2) assay, to investigate the relationship between natural variation in the expression of these seminal fluid transcripts generated through GEI and relative paternity success. We found GEI for the expression level of suckless‐1 and suckless‐2, as well as for sperm competitive ability. Moreover, we found a positive relation between the expression of suckless‐1 and relative paternity success (P1). This suggests that natural variation in the expression of this seminal fluid transcript indeed can influence sperm competition outcomes in M. lignano.
Application of cryogenic grinding pretreatment to enhance extractability of bioactive molecules from pumpkin seed cake
Authors: Balbino Sandra , Dorić Martina , Vidaković Silvija , Kraljić Klara , Škevin Dubravka , Drakula Saša , Voučko Bojana , Čukelj Nikolina , Obranović Marko , Ćurić Duška 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPumpkin seed cake, a by‐product of pumpkin seed oil production, is a potential source of nutraceuticals, which remain unexploited by current management practices. This research assessed its bioactive potential and investigated the effect of cryogenic grinding pretreatment on extractability of various nonpolar and polar bioactive molecules. Notable amounts of squalene (1,684 mg/kg), phytosterols (3,900 mg/kg), and tocopherols (220.3 mg/kg) were extracted from the untreated (control) pumpkin seed cake together with 72.6 mg/kg of protochlorophylls and 90.1 mg/kg of total phenols. Control pumpkin seed cake also yielded 16.75% of total fiber. Application of cryogenic grinding as well as its duration significantly increased the amount of bioactive molecules extracted from pumpkin seed cake as well as extracts antioxidant activity. Major increase was determined for phytosterols and protochlorophylls which were 2 and 2.5 fold higher, respectively, in pumpkin seed cake samples ground with cryogenic cooling during 12 min.Practical applicationsYearly production of pumpkin seed oil leaves behind more than 11.500 tons of by‐product in the form of pumpkin seed cake which is currently mainly used as livestock feed or for composting. Results of this study reveal high bioactive potential of pumpkin seed cake, which opens way to new possibilities of its utilization in functional food and dietary supplements production. In particular, it could be exploited as low cost raw material for the extraction of high added value extracts aimed for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Application of cryogenic conditions during grinding additionally enhances bioactive potential of pumpkin seed cake.
Decontamination of Bacillus cereus in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) seeds by infrared radiation and modeling of microbial inactivation through experimental models
Authors: Shavandi Mahdi , Kashaninejad Mahdi , Sadeghi Alireza , Jafari Seid Mahdi , Hasani Mahdiyeh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, infrared (IR) irradiation was used for inactivation of Bacillus cereus in cardamom seeds. The effect of IR power (100, 200, and 300 W), sample distance from radiation source (5, 10, and 15 cm) and holding times (0–11 min) was investigated on B. cereus count, as well as cardamom seeds color and temperature profiles. Inactivation of B. cereus on cardamom seeds during IR processing was demonstrated by experimental models. The highest reduction of B. cereus count (5.11 Log CFU/g) was achieved after 8 min IR irradiation at 300 W power and 15 cm distance. Measurement of temperature profiles revealed that there was a significant difference (p < .05) between surface and center temperatures of the cardamom seeds. The green color (a* value) of cardamom seeds was slightly affected and the highest color change was observed at 200 W IR, 10 cm distance and 10 min irradiation that resulted in an increase of a* from −3.05 ± 0.96 to −0.05 ± 0.44. In conclusion, IR irradiation could be successful for decontamination of cardamom seeds without severe alteration of its quality. Among the experimental models for microbial inactivation during IR processing, the Double Weibull model had the highest coefficient value of determination (R2 = 0.9966).
Applications of X‐ray computed tomography for the evaluation of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ M. PEÑA , WITTE F. , TOZZI G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBone as such displays an intrinsic regenerative potential following fracture; however, this capacity is limited with large bone defects that cannot heal spontaneously. The management of critical‐sized bone defects remains a major clinical and socioeconomic need with osteoregenerative biomaterials constantly under development aiming at promoting and enhancing bone healing. X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) has become a standard and essential tool for quantifying structure–function relationships in bone and biomaterials, facilitating the development of novel bone tissue engineering strategies. This paper presents recent advancements in XCT analysis of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration. As a noninvasive and nondestructive technique, XCT allows for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds and biomaterial microarchitecture, bone growth into the scaffold as well as the 3D characterisation of biomaterial degradation and bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in combination with in situ mechanical testing and digital volume correlation (DVC), XCT demonstrated its potential to better understand the bone–biomaterial interactions and local mechanics of bone regeneration during the healing process in relation to the regeneration achieved in vivo, which will likely provide valuable knowledge for the development and optimisation of novel osteoregenerative biomaterials.Lay DescriptionBone, being a dynamically adaptable material, displays excellent regenerative properties following fracture. However, the self‐healing capacity of bone becomes more difficult with large bone defects. Those defects are common and occur in many clinical situations; hence, biomaterials are mostly used to restore both bone structure and function in the defect site. X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) is a powerful tool to evaluate bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects after the implantation of biomaterials, allowing to an improved understanding of the regeneration process following different bone tissue engineering approaches. This paper focuses on recent advancements in XCT analysis to characterise biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects. XCT supports three‐dimensional (3D) analysis of biomaterials, scaffolds and regenerated bone microarchitecture, as well as bone ingrowth into the scaffold. As a nondestructive technique, XCT allows for a 3D characterisation of biomaterial degradation and bone regeneration over time. In addition, XCT combined with in situ mechanical experiments and digital volume correlation (DVC) provides a 3D evaluation and quantification of bone–biomaterial interactions and deformation mechanisms during the regeneration process. This remains essential for the development and enhancement of novel biomaterials able to produce bone that is comparable with the native tissue they aim to replace.