bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample: I. Definition and the catalogue
Authors: White Sarah V. , Franzen Thomas M. O , Riseley Chris J. , Wong O. Ivy , Kapińska Anna D. , Hurley-Walker Natasha , Callingham Joseph R. , Thorat Kshitij , Wu Chen , Hancock Paul , Hunstead Richard W. , Seymour Nick , Swan Jesse , Wayth Randall , Morgan John , Chhetri Rajan , Jackson Carole , Weston Stuart , Bell Martin , For Bi-Qing , Gaensler B. M. , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Offringa André , Staveley-Smith Lister 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) has observed the entire southern sky (Declination,

$\delta< 30^{\circ}$

) at low radio frequencies, over the range 72–231MHz. These observations constitute the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA (GLEAM) Survey, and we use the extragalactic catalogue (EGC) (Galactic latitude,

$|b| >10^{\circ}$

) to define the GLEAM 4-Jy (G4Jy) Sample. This is a complete sample of the ‘brightest’ radio sources (

$S_{\textrm{151\,MHz}}>4\,\text{Jy}$

), the majority of which are active galactic nuclei with powerful radio jets. Crucially, low-frequency observations allow the selection of such sources in an orientation-independent way (i.e. minimising the bias caused by Doppler boosting, inherent in high-frequency surveys). We then use higher-resolution radio images, and information at other wavelengths, to morphologically classify the brightest components in GLEAM. We also conduct cross-checks against the literature and perform internal matching, in order to improve sample completeness (which is estimated to be

$>95.5$

%). This results in a catalogue of 1863 sources, making the G4Jy Sample over 10 times larger than that of the revised Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3CRR;

$S_{\textrm{178\,MHz}}>10.9\,\text{Jy}$

). Of these G4Jy sources, 78 are resolved by the MWA (Phase-I) synthesised beam (

$\sim2$

arcmin at 200MHz), and we label 67% of the sample as ‘single’, 26% as ‘double’, 4% as ‘triple’, and 3% as having ‘complex’ morphology at

$\sim1\,\text{GHz}$

(45 arcsec resolution). We characterise the spectral behaviour of these objects in the radio and find that the median spectral index is

$\alpha=-0.740 \pm 0.012$

between 151 and 843MHz, and

$\alpha=-0.786 \pm 0.006$

between 151MHz and 1400MHz (assuming a power-law description,

$S_{\nu} \propto \nu^{\alpha}$

), compared to

$\alpha=-0.829 \pm 0.006$

within the GLEAM band. Alongside this, our value-added catalogue provides mid-infrared source associations (subject to 6” resolution at 3.4

$\mu$

m) for the radio emission, as identified through visual inspection and thorough checks against the literature. As such, the G4Jy Sample can be used as a reliable training set for cross-identification via machine-learning algorithms. We also estimate the angular size of the sources, based on their associated components at

$\sim1\,\text{GHz}$

, and perform a flux density comparison for 67 G4Jy sources that overlap with 3CRR. Analysis of multi-wavelength data, and spectral curvature between 72MHz and 20GHz, will be presented in subsequent papers, and details for accessing all G4Jy overlays are provided at https://github.com/svw26/G4Jy.
Moraines and late-glacial stratigraphy in central Lake Superior
Authors: Colman Steven M. , Breckenridge Andy , Zoet Lucas K. , Wattrus Nigel J. , Johnson Thomas C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeismic-reflection surveys of the Isle Royale sub-basin, central Lake Superior, reveal two large end moraines and associated glacial sediments deposited during the last cycle of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the basin. The Isle Royale moraines directly overlie bedrock and are cored with dense, acoustically massive till intercalated down-ice with acoustically stratified outwash. Till and outwash are overlain by glacial varves, a lower red unit and an upper gray unit.The maximum extent of late Younger Dryas-age readvance into the western Lake Superior basin is uncertain, but it was probably controlled by both ice dynamics and climate. Our data indicate that during retreat from the maximum, the ice paused just long enough to construct the outer of the two moraines, >100 m high, and then retreated to the inner moraine, during which time most of the lower glacial-lacustrine sequence (red varves) was deposited. Retreat from the inner moraine coincided with a marked flux of icebergs at the calving margin and a change to gray varves. Rapid retreat may be related to both an influx of meltwater from Glacial Lake Agassiz about 10,500 cal yr BP and retreat of the calving margin down an adverse slope into the Isle Royale sub-basin.
Trans-fatty acids alter the gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats
Authors: Hua Yinan , Fan Rong , Zhao Lei , Tong Chao , Qian Xiaomeng , Zhang Meng , Xiao Rong , Ma Weiwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiota is directly influenced by dietary components, and it plays critical roles in chronic diseases. Excessive consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFA) is associated with obesity induced by alterations in gut microbiota, but the links between obesity and gut microbiota remain unclear. Therefore, studies examining the impact of TFA on intestinal microflora are essential. In our study, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing on faecal samples from Sprague–Dawley rats fed a basal diet (control (CON) group), high-fat (HF) diet (diet-induced obesity (DIO) group) or TFA diets (1 % TFA group and 8 % TFA group) for 8 weeks to investigate the effects of TFA/HF diets on obesity and gut microbiota composition. We found that the TFA/HF diets significantly induced obesity and changes in blood and brain physiological parameters of the rats. The relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was inversely altered in the three test groups compared with the CON group. Proteobacteria increased slightly in the DIO, 1 % TFA and 8 % TFA groups. The genus Bacteroides increased in the DIO and 1 % TFA groups, but Muribaculaceae decreased in all experimental groups compared with the CON group. Moreover, significant differences were observed among clusters of orthologous group functional categories of the four dietary groups. Our observations suggested that the TFA/HF diets induced obesity and dysfunction of gut microbiota. Gut dysbiosis might mediate the obesity effects of TFA/HF diets.
Cross-chain interoperability among blockchain-based systems using transactions
Authors: Pillai Babu , Biswas Kamanashis , Muthukkumarasamy Vallipuram 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The blockchain is an emerging technology which has the potential to improve many information systems. In this regard, the applications and the platform they are built on must be able to connect and communicate with each other. However, the current blockchain platforms have several limitations, such as lack of interoperability among different systems. The existing platforms of blockchain applications operate only within their own networks. Even though the underlying technology is similar, it relies on centralized third-party mediators to exchange or retrieve information from other blockchain networks. The current third-party intermediaries establish trust and security by preserving a centralized ledger to track ‘account balances’ and vouch for a transaction’s authenticity. The inability for independent blockchains to communicate with one another is an inherent problem in the decentralized systems. Lack of appropriate inter-blockchain communication puts a strain on the mainstream adoption of blockchain. It is evident that blockchain technology has the potential to become a suitable solution for some systems if it can scale and is able to cross communicate with other systems. For the multisystem blockchain concept to become a reality, a mechanism is required that would connect and communicate with multiple entities’ blockchain systems in a distributed fashion (without any intermediary), while maintaining the property of trust and integrity built by individual blockchains. In this article, we propose a mechanism that provides cross-chain interoperability using transactions.
Association between maternal adverse childhood experiences and mental health problems in offspring: An intergenerational study
Authors: Doi Satomi , Fujiwara Takeo , Isumi Aya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health problems in adolescent offspring. Data were obtained from the population-based Kochi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (K-CHILD) study in 2016, and participants were 10,810 children in the fifth grade (3,144 pairs), eighth grade (3,497 pairs), and eleventh grade (4,169 pairs) living in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Mothers of participating children were asked about their ACEs, childhood social economic status, current mental and physical health, current social economic status, positive parenting behaviors, child maltreatment, marital status, and child behavior problems using the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire. Children reported their depressive symptoms using the Depression Self-Rating Scale. Children of mothers with a larger number of ACEs showed higher levels of behavior problems (p for trend <.001) and depressive symptoms (p for trend <.001), adjusting for potential confounders. In particular, maternal psychological distress mediated the association between maternal ACEs and child mental health. The adverse effects of maternal ACEs may have a direct intergenerational impact on behavior problems and depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring. Further studies to elucidate possible mediators are needed.
Conceptualizing the business corporation: insights from history
Authors: Gindis David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this symposium is to shed light on the genealogy of the idea of a business corporation, an economic institution which has long been regarded with a mixture of awe and apprehension. Each of the four original contributions addresses the history of some of its key features. In the process, each contributor reveals some of the insights that history has to teach us regarding the central concepts that inform contemporary debates about the nature of the corporation, the contours of the corporation's purpose, the sources of corporate power, the functions of corporate law, the duties of directors, the status of shareholders, and the legitimacy of corporate rights.
Calibration of the loop probe for the near-field measurement
Authors: Dimitrijević Tijana , Atanaskovic Aleksandar , Dončov Nebojša S. , Thomas David W. P. , Smartt Christopher , Baharuddin Mohd Hafiz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccurate near-field measurements for either deterministic or stochastic electromagnetic fields characterization require a relevant process that removes the influence of the probes, transmission lines, and measurement circuits. The main part of the experimental work presented here is related to a calibration procedure of a test setup consisting of a microstrip test structure and a scanning loop probe. The calibration characteristic, obtained by comparing measured and simulated results, is then used to convert the measured voltage into the magnetic field across and along the microstrip line at the specific height above it. By performing the measurements and simulations of the same test structure with the loop probe in the presence of an additional scanning probe, the influence of the additional probe to the measured output is thoroughly investigated and relevant corrections are given. These corrections can be important when two-point correlation measurement is required, especially in scanning points when two probes are mutually close.
Exchange Dynamics of Typical Emerging and Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutants at the Air‐Water Interface Over a Strongly Human‐Influenced Large River Estuary
Authors: Guo Tianfeng , Li Yuanyuan , Lin Tian , Wu Zilan , Jiang Yuqing , Guo Zhigang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo explore the riverine or atmospheric influence on the source‐sink fates of typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs): polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the large river estuary, atmospheric and seawater samples were collected simultaneously over a whole year at a remote small island in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), the East China Sea. A comparable net input of BDE‐209 from the atmosphere to the sea for both air‐water gas exchange and dry/wet deposition was observed. The gas deposition of BDE‐209 had a strong dependence on the gaseous concentration, which was in turn governed by atmospheric transport. For Br<10‐BDEs, which have been prohibited in recent years, the gas exchange almost reached equilibrium at the air‐water interface during the whole observation period. However, a strong net gas volatilization was observed for legacy ΣICESPCBs especially in the flood season, and the volatilization was significantly associated with ambient parameter‐wind speed. These remarkably different exchange dynamics of PBDEs and PCBs at the air‐water interface over the YRE could be attributed to their primary emission intensity and inconsistent environmental transport pathways. The reversal of the source‐sink fates of BDE‐209 and legacy PCBs suggest that the strongly human‐influenced large river estuary water could act as a source‐sink buffer for POPs during the switch from approved to prohibited usage.
Chemical Weathering of Loess and Its Contribution to Global Alkalinity Fluxes to the Coastal Zone During the Last Glacial Maximum, Mid‐Holocene, and Present
Authors: Börker Janine , Hartmann Jens , Amann Thorben , Romero‐Mujalli Gibran , Moosdorf Nils , Jenkins Chris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLoess sediments are windblown silt deposits with, in general, a carbonate grain content of up to 30%. While regionally, loess was reported to increase weathering fluxes substantially, the influence on global weathering fluxes remains unknown. Especially on glacial‐interglacial time scales, loess weathering fluxes might have contributed to land‐ocean alkalinity flux variability since the loess areal extent during glacial epochs was larger. To quantify loess weathering fluxes, global maps representing the loess distribution were compiled. Water chemistry of rivers draining recent loess deposits suggests that loess contributes over‐proportionally to alkalinity concentrations if compared to the mean of alkalinity concentrations of global rivers (~4,110 µeq L−1 for rivers draining loess deposits and ~1,850 µeq L−1 for the total of global rivers), showing comparable alkalinity concentration patterns in rivers as found for carbonate sedimentary rocks. Loess deposits, covering ~4% of the ice‐ and water‐free land area, increase calculated global alkalinity fluxes to the coastal zone by 16%. The new calculations lead to estimating a 4% higher global alkalinity flux during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to present fluxes. The effect of loess on that comparison is high. Alkalinity fluxes from silicate‐dominated lithological classes were ~28% and ~30% lower during the LGM than recent (with loess and without loess, respectively), and elevated alkalinity fluxes from loess deposits compensated for this. Enhanced loess weathering dampens due to a legacy effect changes in silicate‐dominated lithologies over the glacial‐interglacial time scale.
Years of the Maritime Continent
Authors: Yoneyama K. , Zhang C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractYears of the Maritime Continent (YMC) is a multiyear international program with participants from over 15 countries. Its overarching goal is to expedite the progress toward improving understanding and prediction of the local oceanic and atmospheric multiscale variability of the Indo‐Pacific Maritime Continent (MC) and its global impacts. YMC is motivated by the unique role of the MC in both the local and global weather climate systems, our lack of understanding of the key processes governing this role, and persistent systematic biases and errors in numerical model output for the region. YMC builds a comprehensive observational data set of the MC weather climate system, encourages observation‐modeling integration, and educates the next generation of scientists who will be the core workforce and leaders to further advance the study of the MC.
Observations of a Deep Submesoscale Cyclonic Vortex in the Arabian Sea
Authors: de Marez Charly , Carton Xavier , Corréard Stéphanie , L'Hégaret Pierre , Morvan Mathieu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSubmesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) are numerous in high‐resolution numerical simulations, but their observations are scarce. Among the few in situ available measurements of SCVs, a vast majority concern anticyclones. No cyclonic SCV with large dynamical Rossby number (|ζ/f| > 1) has ever been sampled. This suggested that such small cyclones may lack robustness. Here, we present in situ measurements of an intense cyclonic SCV in the Arabian Sea. This eddy lay at 600 m depth, with a Rossby number
and a dynamical Rossby number |ζ/f| > 1.5. This cyclone was most likely generated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden. It trapped and advected Red Sea Water, from there on. This highlights the role of deep SCVs in the spreading of salty waters across the Arabian Sea.
Ice‐Wedge Evidence of Holocene Winter Warming in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Holland Kira M. , Porter Trevor J. , Froese Duane G. , Kokelj Steven V. , Buchanan Casey A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArctic summer temperatures mostly cooled over the last ~7 kyr, owing to decreasing summer insolation. However, knowledge of the winter season is limited in the Arctic paleoclimate literature. Here we develop a composite record of δ18O from ice wedges—a winter precipitation archive—to reconstruct changes in winter climate in the northwestern Canadian Arctic since ~7.4 kyr b2k. Our record shows a long‐term δ18O enrichment (+(0.14 ± 0.10)‰ kyr−1), suggesting winter temperatures increased since the mid‐Holocene, a finding that is corroborated by reconstructions from the Siberian Arctic. Winter warming over the last ~7 kyr is consistent with increasing winter insolation and greenhouse gas forcing. This study provides some of the first insights on the sensitivity of winter temperatures in the Canadian Arctic to past, and potentially future, climate forcings, and contributes to a more seasonally holistic understanding of the Arctic system.
Spectral Broadening of NWC Transmitter Signals in the Ionosphere
Authors: Xia Zhiyang , Chen Lunjin , Zhima Zeren , Parrot Michel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we use about 6.5 years of observation of Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite to study the spectral broadening of NWC ground transmitter signals and examine key parameters that control the width and intensity of the broadening power. First, we analyze a typical spectral broadening event, with enhanced wave intensity between lower hybrid resonance frequency and NWC signal frequency (19.8 kHz). The width and intensity of broadening power are positively proportional to the NWC wave amplitude. A following statistical analysis reveals a similar dependence on the NWC wave amplitude. The statistical analysis also indicates a significantly negative correlation of broadening spectral intensity and width with the background plasma density. The observations are consistent with existing theories predicting that lower plasma density drives a lower threshold for spectral broadening.
Role of Fluid Injection on Earthquake Size in Dynamic Rupture Simulations on Rough Faults
Authors: Maurer Jeremy , Dunham Eric M. , Segall Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn outstanding question for induced seismicity is whether the volume of injected fluid and/or the spatial extent of the resulting pore pressure and stress perturbations limit rupture size. We simulate ruptures with and without injection‐induced pore pressure perturbations, using 2‐D dynamic rupture simulations on rough faults. Ruptures are not necessarily limited by pressure perturbations when (1) background shear stress is above a critical value, or (2) pore pressure is high. Both conditions depend on fault roughness. Stress heterogeneity from fault roughness primarily determines where ruptures stop; pore pressure has a secondary effect. Ruptures may be limited by fluid volume or pressure perturbation extent when background stress and fault roughness are low, and the maximum pore pressure perturbation is less than 10% of the background effective normal stress. Future work should combine our methodology with simulation of the loading, injection, and nucleation phases to improve understanding of injection‐induced ruptures.
Evaluation of the EURO‐CORDEX Regional Climate Models Over the Iberian Peninsula: Observational Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Herrera S. , Soares P. M. M. , Cardoso R. M. , Gutiérrez J. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work evaluates the daily precipitation and mean temperature of eight CORDEX‐EUR11 ERA‐Interim‐driven simulations of EURO‐CORDEX over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) for the period 1989–2008. To this aim, three observational data sets (Iberia01, E‐OBS‐v19e, and MESAN‐0.11) were considered as reference and compared with the models by means of several indices reflecting the mean and extreme regimes over the IP. For precipitation the Lamb weather types were considered to identify synoptic conditions related with higher observational uncertainty. RCMs are able to reproduce the spatial pattern and the variability observed in the IP. However, there is a higher agreement between models and observations for mean temperature than for precipitation, decreasing when extremes are analyzed. For the observational uncertainty analysis, also extreme daily temperatures were considered to obtain a wider picture of this topic. A higher dependence on the observational data set has been found for precipitation than for temperature. This uncertainty is particularly significant when the 50‐year return value is considered for which the observational uncertainty doubles the model uncertainty. Only the wet‐day frequency presents values lower than 0.5 for all seasons, with most of the rest of values reflecting a similar contribution of both components to the uncertainty. In the case of temperatures, the main contribution of the observations has been found when the lower (MAE01) and upper (MAE99) extremes are considered, with values lower than 0.5. For precipitation the observational uncertainty increases when synoptic patterns affecting the Mediterranean Basin are considered, reflecting the difficulty to properly capture the Mediterranean precipitation regimes.