bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentials for implementing pressure‐controlled jet injection in management of keloids with intralesional 5FU and corticosteroids
Authors: Levenberg Alex , Vinshtok Yuri , Artzi Ofir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeedle‐free jet injection implements kinetic energy of liquid jet for transcutaneous delivery of drugs into soft tissues. Combination therapy of intralesional 5‐fluorouracil and triamcinolone offers efficacious treatment for keloids with a reduced adverse effect of the drug monotherapy. This study evaluates safety and efficacy of the drug combination administered to keloid scars via intralesional jet injections.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the keloid treatments was performed. Efficacy was assessed by reviewing pre‐ and post‐treatment scores of the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and by comparing baseline and photographs taken 3 months after the treatments. Safety and tolerability were collected and analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐one subjects (M/F = 11/10) with 39 keloids received the treatments. Treatments were well‐tolerated by all patients at mean injection pain of 2.0 ± 1.0 per Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Self‐resolved lesion ulceration was observed in 4 patients. Post‐treatment evaluation demonstrated a 53% decrease in total VSS score (P < 0.05) and in all sub‐categories. Mean patient score of POSAS decreased in the color, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity components. Pain and pruritus lessened by 69% and 79% (P < 0.05 in both), respectively, among the patients with complaints prior to the treatment. Independent reviewers reported an average 51%‐75% reduction in keloids.ConclusionsImproved appearance of keloids and symptomatic relief was achieved by intralesional administration of combined 5‐fluorouracil and corticosteroid through the high‐pressure jet injections. The synergy between the drug combination and the jet physical impact provided clinical effect.
Unconscious Processes of Organizing: Intergroup Conflict in Mental Health Care
Authors: Mikkelsen Elisabeth Naima , Gray Barbara , Petersen Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA critical but overlooked issue in Weick’s seminal work,The Social Psychology of Organizing(1969/1979), concerns ‘the heat’ of organizing processes, namely, the underground emotional processes underpinning the organizing of conflictual work relationships. We present a qualitative case study of psychiatric agencies mandated by public policy to collaborate but instead engaged in persistent conflict despite its deleterious effects on their working relationship and on the wellbeing of the clients they intended to serve. To explain these conflictual features of organizing, we integrate Weick’s organizing theory with systems psychodynamics to deepen the understanding of emotions in organizing, specifically the motivational forces underpinning sensemaking and actions between interacting psychiatric agencies. This integration of theories reveals a critical feature of the relationship between the conscious and unconscious organizing processes: When a threat is involved, sensemaking and action are overtaken by social defences, resulting in dysfunctional organizing of the primary task. Drawing on these findings, we enrich Weick’s seminal work by developing a model that portrays organizing as the ritualized interaction of emotions, sensemaking and behavioural responses.
Half of Rural Residents at High Risk of Serious Illness Due to COVID‐19, Creating Stress on Rural Hospitals
Authors: Kaufman Brystana G. , Whitaker Rebecca , Pink George , Holmes G. Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeDuring the COVID‐19 epidemic, it is critical to understand how the need for hospital care in rural areas aligns with the capacity across states.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the number of adults who have an elevated risk of serious illness if they are infected with coronavirus in metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural areas for each state. Study data included 430,949 survey responses representing over 255.2 million noninstitutionalized US adults. For data on hospital beds, aggregate survey data were linked to data from the 2017 Area Health Resource Files by state and metropolitan status.FindingsAbout 50% of rural residents are at high risk for hospitalization and serious illness if they are infected with COVID‐19, compared to 46.9% and 40.0% in micropolitan and metropolitan areas, respectively. In 19 states, more than 50% of rural populations are at high risk for serious illness if infected. Rural residents will generate an estimated 10% more hospitalizations for COVID‐19 per capita than urban residents given equal infection rates.ConclusionMore than half of rural residents are at increased risk of hospitalization and death if infected with COVID‐19. Experts expect COVID‐19 burden to outpace hospital capacity across the country, and rural areas are no exception. Policy makers need to consider supply chain modifications, regulatory changes, and financial assistance policies to assist rural communities in caring for people affected by COVID‐19.
Telehealth Availability in US Hospitals in the Face of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Puro Neeraj A. , Feyereisen Scott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTelehealth is likely to play a crucial role in treating COVID‐19 patients. However, not all US hospitals possess telehealth capabilities. This brief report was designed to explore US hospitals’ readiness with respect to telehealth availability. We hope to gain deeper insight into the factors affecting possession of these valuable capabilities, and how this varies between rural and urban areas.MethodsBased on 2017 data from the American Hospital Association survey, Area Health Resource Files and Medicare cost reports, we used logistic regression models to identify predictors of telehealth and eICU capabilities in US hospitals.ResultsWe found that larger hospitals (OR(telehealth) = 1.013; P < .01) and system members (OR(telehealth) = 1.55; P < .01) (OR(eICU) = 1.65; P < .01) had higher odds of possessing telehealth and eICU capabilities. We also found evidence suggesting that telehealth and eICU capabilities are concentrated in particular regions; the West North Central region was the most likely to possess capabilities, given that these hospitals had higher odds of possessing telehealth (OR = 1.49; P < .10) and eICU capabilities (OR = 2.15; P < .05). Rural hospitals had higher odds of possessing telehealth capabilities as compared to their urban counterparts, although this relationship was marginally significant (OR = 1.34, P < .10).ConclusionsUS hospitals vary in their preparation to use telehealth to aid in the COVID‐19 battle, among other issues. Hospitals’ odds of possessing the capability to provide such services vary largely by region; overall, rural hospitals have more widespread telehealth capabilities than urban hospitals. There is still great potential to expand these capabilities further, especially in areas that have been hard hit by COVID‐19.
Breastfeeding practices and associated factors at the individual, family, health facility and environmental levels in China
Authors: Li Jia , Nguyen Tuan T. , Wang Xiaobei , Mathisen Roger , Fang Jin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examined the association between breastfeeding practices and associated factors using cross‐sectional data from face‐to‐face interviews with 9,745 mother–child dyads in China. The study collected information on breastfeeding practices and potential associated factors at the individual, family, health facility and environmental levels in China. We used survey commands in Stata to consider sampling weight and survey design effects. Although breastfeeding was the norm (97.4% ever breastfed), the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) in 0–11 months old was 8.2%, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 0–5 months old was 27.8% and breastfeeding on the previous day in 6–11 months old was 77.5%. The prevalence of EIBF was lower for caesarean delivery and among mothers belonging to ethnic minority groups. The prevalence of EBF was higher among mothers who practiced EIBF, received information that encouraged breastfeeding and knew that a baby should be breastfed on demand and exclusively. By contrast, the prevalence of EBF was lower in mothers who received infant formula advice or felt uneasy breastfeeding in public places. The prevalence of breastfeeding on the previous day was higher among mothers whose partners supported breastfeeding and who knew about timing of colostrum production, EBF for 6 months, and to nurse more to stimulate milk production. The prevalence of breastfeeding on the previous day was lower in mothers who received infant formula advice or felt uneasy breastfeeding in public places. In conclusion, we found that the prevalence of EIBF and EBF practices in China was low and associated with factors at individual, family, health facility and environmental levels.
Compromised regulation of the rat brain parenchymal arterioles in vasopressin‐associated acute hyponatremia
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Marta , Kozniewska Ewa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we examined the effect of acute hyponatremia associated with vasopressin (AVP) on the responses of the isolated rat's MCAs and PAs to acidosis, nitric oxide donor (SNAP) and to endothelium‐dependent vasodilator ATP.MethodsThe studies were performed on isolated, perfused and pressurized MCAs and PAs in control conditions and during AVP‐associated hyponatremia. Hyponatremia was induced in vitro by lowering Na+ concentration from 144 to 121 mmol/L in intra‐ and extravascular fluid in the presence of AVP.ResultsParenchymal arterioles showed greater response to an increase in H+ and K+ ions concentration and to ATP in comparison with MCAs in control normonatremic conditions. Both PAs and MCAs constricted in response to acute hyponatremia associated with AVP. Interestingly, disordered regulation of vascular tone was observed in PAs but not in MCAs. The abnormalities in the regulation comprised a significant reduction of PA response to acidosis and the absence of the response to the administration of SNAP or ATP.ConclusionsArginine vasopressin‐associated hyponatremia leads to constriction and dysregulation of PAs which may impair neurovascular coupling.
Th17 lymphocytes in atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi in Central America
Authors: Araujo Flores Gabriela Venicia , Sandoval Pacheco Carmen Maria , Sosa Ochoa Wilfredo Humberto , Gomes Cláudia Maria Castro , Zúniga Concepción , Corbett Carlos P. , Laurenti Marcia Dalastra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSkin lesions in nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi are characterized by a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis, which is composed mainly of lymphocytes, followed by macrophages, few plasma cells and epithelioid granulomas with mild tissue parasitism. Previous studies have shown that the main population of lymphocytes present in the dermal infiltrate is CD8+ T cells, followed by CD4+ T cells, which are correlated with IFN‐γ+ cells. To improve the knowledge of cellular immune responses in NUCL, skin biopsies were submitted to immunohistochemistry using anti‐ROR‐γt, anti‐IL‐17, anti‐IL‐6, anti‐TGF‐β, and anti‐IL‐23 antibodies to characterize the involvement of Th17 cells in the skin lesions of patients affected by NUCL. ROR‐γt+, IL‐17+, IL‐6+, TGF‐β+ and IL‐23+ cells were observed in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate of NUCL skin lesions. A positive correlation between CD4+ T‐lymphocytes and ROR‐γt+ and IL‐17+ cells suggests that some of the CD4+ T‐lymphocytes in NUCL could be Th17 lymphocytes. Moreover, a positive correlation between ROR‐γt+ cells and TGF‐β+, IL‐6+, IL‐17+ and IL‐23+ cells could indicate the role of these cytokines in the differentiation and maintenance of Th17 lymphocytes. Our findings improve knowledge of the pathogenesis of this rare and atypical clinical form of leishmaniasis.
Serum kisspeptin: New possible biomarker for sexual behaviour and sperm concentration in buffalo bulls
Authors: Bhardwaj Sonam , Kumar Pradeep , Jerome Andonissamy , Ravesh Suman , Patil Chandrashekhar , Singh Pawan , Lailer Puran Chand 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study was designed to decipher the inter‐relationship between peripheral hormones (kisspeptin and testosterone), sexual behaviour and seminal variables of Murrah buffalo bulls (n = 134). In this study, we recorded that 13%, 37%, 40%, 6% and 4% Murrah buffalo bulls had reaction time of <30, 31–60, 61–180, 181–300 and >300 s, respectively. Further, it was observed that 4%, 85% and 10% buffalo bulls were sexually aggressive, active and dull, respectively, during semen collection. The courtship behaviour was not found to be desirable for the bulls used for the semen collection. Mean of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and mass motility (0–5 scale) were 3.57 ml, 977.11 million/ml, 2.7, respectively. Correlation studies revealed that the reaction time was positively correlated with courtship behaviour and body weight, and negatively correlated with sexual aggressiveness and sperm concentration. Serum kisspeptin in buffalo bulls, measured for the first time, was found to 3.8 ± 0.7 ng/ml. Serum kisspeptin and testosterone level are negatively correlated to each other and kisspeptin level influenced the sexual behaviour (reaction time, sexual aggressiveness and penile erection) of study bulls. Serum kisspeptin was higher in the buffalo bulls with higher sperm concentration indicating its role in spermatogenesis. In conclusion, for the first time basic information related to sexual behaviour of Murrah buffalo bulls in large population along with its inter‐relationship with peripheral hormones (kisspeptin and testosterone) has been documented.
Quasi-Bayes Properties of a Procedure for Sequential Learning in Mixture Models
Authors: Fortini Sandra , Petrone Sonia 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBayesian methods are often optimal, yet increasing pressure for fast computations, especially with streaming data, brings renewed interest in faster, possibly suboptimal, solutions. The extent to which these algorithms approximate Bayesian solutions is a question of interest, but often unanswered. We propose a methodology to address this question in predictive settings, when the algorithm can be reinterpreted as a probabilistic predictive rule. We specifically develop the proposed methodology for a recursive procedure for on-line learning in non-parametric mixture models, which is often referred to as Newton’s algorithm. This algorithm is simple and fast; however, its approximation properties are unclear. By reinterpreting it as a predictive rule, we can show that it underlies a statistical model which is, asymptotically, a Bayesian, exchangeable mixture model. In this sense, the recursive rule provides a quasi-Bayes solution. Although the algorithm offers only a point estimate, our clean statistical formulation enables us to provide the asymptotic posterior distribution and asymptotic credible intervals for the mixing distribution. Moreover, it gives insights for tuning the parameters, as we illustrate in simulation studies, and paves the way to extensions in various directions. Beyond mixture models, our approach can be applied to other predictive algorithms.
The key role of terminators on the expression and post‐transcriptional gene silencing of transgenes
Authors: F. de Felippes Felipe , McHale Marcus , Doran Rachel L. , Roden Sally , Eamens Andrew L. , Finnegan E. Jean , Waterhouse Peter M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTransgenes have become essential to modern biology, being an important tool in functional genomic studies and also in the development of biotechnological products. One of the major challenges in the generation of transgenic lines concerns the expression of transgenes, which, compared to endogenes, are particularly susceptible to silencing mediated by small RNAs (sRNAs). Several reasons have been put forward to explain why transgenes often trigger the production of sRNAs, such as the high level of expression induced by commonly used strong constitutive promoters, the lack of introns, and features resembling viral and other exogenous sequences. However, the relative contributions of the different genomic elements with respect to protecting genes from the silencing machinery and their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we present the results of a mutagenesis screen conceived to identify features involved in the protection of endogenes against becoming a template for the production of sRNAs. Interestingly, all of the recovered mutants had alterations in genes with proposed function in transcription termination, suggesting a central role of terminators in this process. Indeed, using a GFP reporter system, we show that, among different genetic elements tested, the terminator sequence had the greatest effect on transgene‐derived sRNA accumulation and that a well‐defined poly(A) site might be especially important. Finally, we describe an unexpected mechanism, where transgenes containing certain intron/terminator combinations lead to an increase in the production of sRNAs, which appears to interfere with splicing.
Radiographic anatomy of the equine distal tibia
Authors: Huguet Elodie E. , Porter Erin G. , Chapman Kristina A. , Saunders Fritha C. , Davis Bobbie , Berry Clifford R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe radiographic anatomy of the equine distal tibia is complex and is not widely described in the current literature. Superimposition and radiographic similarities between the different osseous structures of the equine distal tibia can make it difficult for anatomic localization of pathology. The purpose of this prospective, descriptive, anatomic study was to detail the normal anatomy of the equine distal tibia using routine radiographic projections and CT of the equine tarsus. Radiographic identification of the different osseous protuberances of the distal tibia on three cadaveric limbs was achieved using radiopaque markers and evaluation of multiplanar and 3D CT reconstructions to create anatomical maps. It was found that the lateral malleolus is composed of cranial and caudal protuberances that are superimposed over the intermediate cochlear ridge of the distal tibia on the lateromedial, dorsal 45° lateral‐plantaromedial, and dorsal 65° medial‐plantarolateral oblique views, thereby hindering visualization of the cranial protuberance of the lateral malleolus. The medial malleolus is a simple rounded protuberance with discrete margins. On the dorsal 65° medial‐plantarolateral oblique, the medial malleolus is ill‐defined due to superimposition with the talus. The intermediate cochlear ridge of the distal tibia extends in a craniolateral to caudomedial direction, with its cranial protuberance largely superimposed with the calcaneus and talus on the dorsoplantar view. In summary, the distal tibial anatomy is complex and a thorough anatomical reference is necessary when reviewing radiographs of the equine tarsus for pathology. A plantaro 15° distal 85° lateral‐dorsoproximomedial oblique projection is proposed to isolate all distal tibial protuberances.
Are humans evolved specialists for running in the heat? Man vs. horse races provide empirical insights
Authors: Halsey Lewis G. , Bryce Caleb M. 
Published: June 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Do available comparative data provide empirical evidence that humans are adapted to endurance running at high ambient temperatures?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Comparing the results of races that pit man against horse, we find that ambient temperature on race day has less deleterious effects on running speed in humans than it does on their quadrupedal adversary. This is evidence that humans are adapted for endurance running at high ambient temperatures. We debate whether this supports the hypothesis that early man was evolutionarily adapted for persistence hunting.

AbstractMany mammals run faster and for longer than humans and have superior cardiovascular physiologies. Yet humans are considered by some scholars to be excellent endurance runners at high ambient temperatures, and in our past to have been persistence hunters capable of running down fleeter quarry over extended periods during the heat of the day. This suggests that human endurance running is less affected by high ambient temperatures than is that of other cursorial ungulates. However, there are no investigations of this hypothesis. We took advantage of longitudinal race results available for three annual events that pit human athletes directly against a hyper‐adapted ungulate racer, the thoroughbred horse. Regressing running speed against ambient temperature shows race speed deteriorating with hotter temperatures more slowly in humans than in horses. This is the first direct evidence that human running is less inhibited by high ambient temperatures than that of another endurance species, supporting the argument that we are indeed adapted for high temperature endurance running. Nonetheless, it is far from clear that this capacity is explained by an endurance hunting past because in absolute terms humans are slower than horses and indeed many other ungulate species. While some human populations have persistence hunted (and on occasion still do), the success of this unlikely foraging strategy may be best explained by the application of another adaption – high cognitive capacity. With dedication, experience and discipline, capitalising on their small endurance advantage in high temperatures, humans have a chance of running a more athletic prey to exhaustion.
Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of 30SiMn2MoVA Steel Gun Barrel Processed by Cold Radial Forging
Authors: Yang Yuzhao , Fan Lixia , Xu Cheng , Dong Xuehua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work focused on the mechanical properties of 30SiMn2MoVA high strength steel gun barrel processed by cold radial forging. Three states of the tube made of this material (the state without forging, the as-forged state without annealing, and the as-forged state with annealing) were chosen to compare the axial and circumferential mechanical properties. As a result, anisotropy was found at as-forged state. The circumferential mechanical properties were inferior to the axial. The circumferential yield and tensile strength were about 150 MPa lower than the axial after forging, and the axial elongation was 155% higher than the circumferential. Even after annealing, the circumferential elongation cannot be restored to the same level as the state without forging. The reasons for anisotropy were investigated by the microstructure. The banded structure along the axial direction was observed in the forged barrel. Meanwhile, the crystalline grains of the forged gun barrel had the highest intensity of {111}〈110〉 texture which meant the grains had obvious preferential orientation. The relationship between crystallographic texture and yield strength was analyzed based on the Schmid factor. Additionally, the elastic limit internal pressure of anisotropic gun barrel was calculated, and it was lower than that under isotropic condition.