bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of undernutrition and maternal oral health status on dental caries in Korean children aged 3‐5 years
Authors: Kim Han‐Na , Kwon Yong‐Bong , Lee Jung‐Ha , Kim Jin‐Bom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe association between nutrition and oral health has been studied in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the impacts of undernutrition and the mothers’ socioeconomic and oral health statuses on the incidence of dental caries in Korean preschool children.MethodsData of 610 children aged 3‐5 years and their mothers who underwent oral examinations and responded to the questionnaires in the 6th KNAHNES were used. Caries prevalence was measured by dft and dt among the primary teeth in children and DMFT among mothers. Dietary reference intake values were used to evaluate nutritional status, a nutritional quality index and the mean nutrient adequacy ratio. Complex sample correlation analysis was performed by using children's dft and dt statuses as dependent variables. Multilevel linear regression was applied to investigate the impacts of undernutrition and mothers’ socioeconomic and oral health status on children's dft and dt statuses. Statistical significance was set as P < .05.ResultsFactors significantly related to dft in children were age and food. Food insecurity was the only factor significantly associated with dt in children. Children's sex and mother's DMFT were likely to be relevant to dft in children. Children's age and a nutritional quality index value less than 1 were also likely to be relevant to the dt of children.ConclusionsChildren with an undernourished status had a higher caries experience. A comprehensive community dental health promotion programme should be developed to prevent the incidence of dental caries in vulnerable undernourished children.
Establishment of reference intervals for pediatric complete capillary blood counts: A multicenter study in Beijing
Authors: Sun Qiujin , Yue Yuhong , Tian Yu , Wang Qingtao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionClinical reference intervals represent the normal range of clinical parameters for distinguishing healthy and sick individuals, and they show some variation among different populations. Many reference intervals are still lacking for the pediatric population in China. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish and validate pediatric reference intervals for capillary blood cell counts.MethodsA total of 9942 children were enrolled from 10 medical institutions in Beijing, China, for capillary complete blood count (CCBC) values according to the EP28‐A3c guideline issued by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.ResultsPediatric reference intervals for 17 CCBC parameters were established for children aged 6 months to 7 years. The red blood cell count and red blood cell distribution width were generally higher in males than in females, and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were higher in females than in males. The red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and neutrophil percentages increased while the percentage of lymphocytes decreased with age. The overall trends for each reference interval were relatively similar in different ethnic groups and regions in the world, but with variation in the upper and lower limits, which confirms the existence of racial and geographical differences. Further validation with 508 healthy subjects showed that the verified proportions were within 90.9%‐100% of the reference intervals.ConclusionsThis study offers local reference intervals for CCBC values for the pediatric population in Beijing, China, and thus provides basic criteria for the diagnosis, treatment, and health assessment of childhood diseases in China.
Learning from Aesthetic Disagreement and Flawed Artworks
Authors: EILEEN JOHN 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTDisagreements about art are considered here for their potential to pose questions about reality beyond the artwork. The project of assessing artistic value is useful for bringing complex questions to light. The ambitiousness of the cognitive stock, in Richard Wollheim's term, that can be relevant to understanding an artwork may mean that confident evaluation will elude us. Thinking about artistic value judgment in this way shifts its centrality as the point of artistic interpretation and evaluation; the goal of judging a work's meaning and value is a useful tool for prompting us to understand a work. But if we fail to reach that goal, that does not mean we have failed to engage with the work appropriately. The artistic value judgment, and achieving consensus on that value, can be secondary in importance to grasping the problems a work poses that are not immediately resolvable. Examples drawn from literary and philosophical imagining, in the work of Grace Paley and Mary Mothersill, and from Toni Morrison's literary criticism are used to illustrate and support the fruitfulness of this approach.
VHSV IVb infection and autophagy modulation in the rainbow trout gill epithelial cell line RTgill‐W1
Authors: Liu Juan‐Ting , Pham Phuc H. , Wootton Sarah K. , Bols Niels C. , Lumsden John S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAutophagy modulation influences the success of intracellular pathogens, and an understanding of the mechanisms involved might offer practical options to reduce the impact of infectious disease. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) can cause high mortality and economic loss in some commercial fish species. VHSV IVb was used to infect a rainbow trout gill cell line, RTgill‐W1, followed by the treatment of the cells with different autophagy‐modulating reagents. LC3II protein using Western blot was significantly (p < .05) decreased for two days following VHSV infection, and immunofluorescence confirmed that LC3II‐positive intracytoplasmic puncta were also decreased. Infection with VHSV resulted in significantly decreased expression of the autophagy‐related (Atg) genes atg4, at12, atg13 and becn1 after one day using quantitative PCR. Both viral gene copy number and VHSV N protein were significantly decreased by treating the cells with autophagy‐blocking (chloroquine) and autophagy‐inhibiting reagents (deoxynivalenol and 3‐methyladenine) after three days, while autophagy induction (restricted nutrition and rapamycin) had limited effect. Only treatment of RTgill‐W1 with deoxynivalenol resulted in a significant increase in expression of type I interferon. Therefore, the suppression of autophagy initially occurs after VHSV IVb infection, but the modulation of autophagy can also inhibit VHSV IVb infection in RTgill‐W1 after three days.
Stereoscopic three‐dimensional visualisation technology in anatomy learning: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bogomolova Katerina , Hierck Beerend P. , Looijen Agnes E. M. , Pilon Johanne N. M. , Putter Hein , Wainman Bruce , Hovius Steven E. R. , van der Hage Jos A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe features that contribute to the apparent effectiveness of three‐dimensional visualisation technology [3DVT] in teaching anatomy are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the role of stereopsis in learning anatomy with 3DVT.MethodsThe review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA Standards. Literature search of English articles was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL EBSCOhost, ERIC EBSCOhost, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases until November 2019. Study selection, data extraction and study appraisal were performed independently by two authors. Articles were assessed for methodological quality using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. For quantitative analysis, studies were grouped based on relative between‐intervention differences in instructional methods and type of control conditions.ResultsA total of 3934 citations were obtained of which 67 underwent a full‐text review. Ultimately, 13 randomised controlled trials were included in the meta‐analysis. When interactive, stereoscopic 3D models were compared to interactive, monoscopic 3D models within a single level of instructional design, for example isolating stereopsis as the only true manipulated element in the experimental design, an effect size [ES] of 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26‐0.80; P < .00001) was found. In comparison with 2D images within multiple levels of instructional design, an effect size of 0.45 (95% CI 0.10‐0.81; P < .002) was found. Stereopsis had no effect on learning when utilised with non‐interactive 3D images (ES = −0.87, 95% CI −2.09‐0.35; P = .16).ConclusionStereopsis is an important distinguishing element of 3DVT that has a significant positive effect on acquisition of anatomical knowledge when utilised within an interactive 3D environment. A distinction between stereoscopic and monoscopic 3DVT is essential to make in anatomical education and research.
Social and behavioural associated factors of actinic cheilitis in rural workers
Authors: Moreira Philippe , Assaf Andrea Videira , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Takahama Junior Ademar , Azevedo Rebeca Souza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors potentially associated with the development of actinic cheilitis (AC) in Brazilian rural workers.Subjects and methodsA professional performed all physical examinations and evaluations using semi‐structured questionnaires in 240 rural workers.ResultsEighty‐three participants were diagnosed with AC (34.6%). It was more prevalent among workers older than 45 years (3.29–10.96 95% IC; OR = 3.30; p = .0018), Caucasians (phototypes I and II) (4.78–16.12 95% IC; OR = 10.81; p < .0001), illiterate individuals (2.16–21.59 95% IC; OR = 10.43; p = .0037), those with 6 or fewer years of formal schooling (2.03–7.89 95% IC; OR = 4.63; p = .0013), those regularly using pesticides (1.58–6.64 95% IC; OR = 2.79; p = .0260) and those who used the private health service in their last appointment (1.17–3.54 95% IC; OR = 2.72; p = .0083).ConclusionThere was a substantial prevalence of AC among rural workers with advanced age, white skin, and illiteracy, those with lower levels of education, those who regularly use pesticides, and those who utilised private health services in their last appointment. Thus, healthcare strategies that include rural workers are required for the control and prevention of AC in both public and private health services.
Exercise training‐induced visceral fat loss in obese women: The role of training intensity and modality
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Tong Tomas K. , Kong Zhaowei , Shi Qingde , Liu Yang , Nie Jinlei 
Published: August 2020

Visceral fat loss in response to four‐cycle ergometer training regimens with explicit differences in exercise intensity and modality was compared. Fifty‐nine obese young women (body fat percentage ≥ 30%) were randomized to a 12‐week intervention consisting of either all‐out sprint interval training (SITall‐out, n = 11); supramaximal SIT (SIT120, 120% O2peak, n = 12); high‐intensity interval training (HIIT90, 90% O2peak, n = 12), moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT, 60% O2peak, n = 11), or no training (CON, n = 13). The total work done per training session in SIT120, HIIT90, and MICT was confined to 200 kJ, while it was deliberately lower in SITall‐out. The abdominal visceral fat area (AVFA) was measured through computed tomography scans. The whole‐body and regional fat mass were assessed through dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Pre‐, post‐, and 3‐hour post‐exercise serum growth hormone (GH), and epinephrine (EPI) were measured during selected training sessions. Following the intervention, similar reductions in whole‐body and regional fat mass were found in all intervention groups, while the reductions in AVFA resulting from SITall‐out, SIT120, and HIIT90 (>15 cm2) were greater in comparison with MICT (<3.5 cm2, P < .05). The AVFA reductions among the SITs and HIIT groups were similar, and it was concomitant with the similar exercise‐induced releases of serum GH and EPI. CON variables were unchanged. These findings suggest that visceral fat loss induced by interval training at or above 90% O2peak appeared unresponsive to the change in training intensity. Nonetheless, SITall‐out is still the most time‐efficient strategy among the four exercise‐training regimes for controlling visceral obesity.
Identification of a lipase gene with a role in tomato fruit short‐chain fatty acid‐derived flavor volatiles by genome‐wide association
Authors: Li Xiang , Tieman Denise , Liu Zimeng , Chen Kunsong , Klee Harry J. 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYFatty acid‐derived volatile organic compounds (FA‐VOCs) make significant contributions to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit flavor and human preferences. Short‐chain FA‐VOCs (C5 and C6) are among the most abundant and important volatile compounds in tomato fruits. The precursors of these volatiles, linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3), are derived from cleavage of glycerolipids. However, the initial step in synthesis of these FA‐VOCs has not been established. A metabolite‐based genome‐wide association study combined with genetic mapping and functional analysis identified a gene encoding a novel class III lipase family member, Sl‐LIP8, that is associated with accumulation of short‐chain FA‐VOCs in tomato fruit. In vitro assays indicated that Sl‐LIP8 can cleave 18:2 and 18:3 acyl groups from glycerolipids. A CRISPR/Cas9 gene edited Sl‐LIP8 mutant had much lower content of multiple fruit short‐chain FA‐VOCs, validating an important role for this enzyme in the pathway. Sl‐LIP8 RNA abundance was correlated with FA‐VOC content, consistent with transcriptional regulation of the first step in the pathway. Taken together, our work indicates that glycerolipid turnover by Sl‐LIP8 is an important early step in the synthesis of multiple short‐chain FA‐VOCs.
Feline bilateral inflammatory aural polyps: a descriptive retrospective study
Authors: Hoppers Sarrah E. , May Elizabeth R. , Frank Linda A. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundFeline inflammatory aural polyps (IP) have been reported as solitary growths, yet bilateral polyps may occur more commonly than described previously.ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with bilateral feline IP within a population of cats evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital over a 10 year period.AnimalsTwenty‐five cats with histologically confirmed IP.Methods and materialsA retrospective study was performed by searching computerized medical records of cats seen at The University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 2005 to 2015. Keywords used for the search included “feline polyp”, “ventral bulla osteotomy”, “inflammatory polyp ear canal” and “nasopharyngeal polyp”.ResultsCats were separated into groups with unilateral or bilateral disease. Six of 25 (24%) cats had bilateral IP. Twelve cats had computed tomography performed (four of six with bilateral IP; eight of 19 with unilateral IP). Clinical signs, history of upper respiratory infection, post‐treatment complications, and IP recurrence with and without local and systemic steroid administration were studied between groups and no differences were identified. In four of six cats with bilateral disease, the second polyp was identified with advanced imaging performed at the time of referral.Conclusions and clinical importanceThese findings demonstrate that bilateral IP occur more frequently than reported previously and establish a prevalence for bilateral IP. These findings also highlight the value of advanced imaging techniques in diagnosing bilateral IP.
Early partial portal venous contrast enhancement in canine CT‐Angiography
Authors: Earley Naomi F. , Hall Jon L. , Brown Helen , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEarly partial portal vein contrast enhancement (EPoVE) during the late arterial phase is seen in CT angiography of dogs. Previously, it has been a finding attributed to arterioportal vascular anomalies. However, EPoVE may be a normal feature of venous return from abdominal organs. This prospective, descriptive study investigated the origin of EPoVE using four‐dimensional CT (4D‐CT). Sixteen dogs undergoing 4D‐CT for disease of the cranial abdomen were prospectively collected. Regions of interest were placed in the hepatic artery (HA), gastroduodenal vein (GV), extrahepatic portal vein (EHPV) cranial and caudal to the GV, and splenic vein (SV) caudal to its EHPV entry. Times to earliest, partial, full, and maximal vascular enhancement were recorded. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to compare time‐to‐contrast enhancement between vessels. The number, origin, and time of EPoVE were recorded if visible. A total of 24 EPoVE areas were observed in all dogs. Most dogs had either one (10/16) or two (5/16) areas of EPoVE. The origin of EPoVE was identified in 14 of 24 areas: the GV in five areas, cranial mesenteric vein in four areas, pancreatic branch of SV in three areas, and SV in two areas. The time‐to‐contrast‐enhancement was significantly different for the individual veins compared to the HA. EPoVE during the late arterial phase is a common phenomenon of early portal venous drainage of abdominal organs; it should not be interpreted as pathognomonic for arterioportal vascular anomalies, which should be diagnosed based on additional criteria.
Fitness-for-Service Strategies for Impulsively Loaded Vessels
Authors: Duffey Thomas A. , Fehlmann Kevin R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
High-explosive containment vessels are often designed for repeated use, implying predominately elastic material behavior. Each explosive test imparts an impulse to the vessel wall. The vessel subsequently vibrates as a result of the internal blast loading, with amplitude diminishing exponentially in time after a few cycles due to structural damping. Flaws present in the vessel, as well as new flaws induced by fragment impact during testing, could potentially grow by fatigue during these vibrations. Subsequent explosive tests result in new sequences of vibrations, providing further opportunity for flaws to grow by fatigue. The obvious question is, How many explosive experiments can be performed before flaws potentially grow to unsafe limits? Because ASME Code Case 2564-5 (Impulsively Loaded Pressure Vessels) has just been incorporated in Section VIII, Division 3 of the 2019 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, evaluation of remaining life and fitness-for-service of explosive containment vessels now draws upon two interrelated codes and standards: ASME Section VIII-3 and API-579/ASME FFS-1. This paper discusses their implementation in determining the remaining life of dynamically loaded vessels that have seen service and are potentially damaged. Results of a representative explosive containment vessel are presented using actual flaw data for both embedded weld flaws and fragment damage. Because of the potentially large number of flaws that can be detected by modern nondestructive inspection methods, three simplifying assumptions and a procedure are presented for conservatively eliminating from further consideration the vast majority of the flaws that possess considerable remaining life.
Pelvic Protection Limiting Lower Limb Flail Reduces Mortality
Authors: Rankin Iain A. , Nguyen Thuy-Tien , Carpanen Diagarajen , Darwood Alastair , Clasper Jonathan C. , Masouros Spyros D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPelvic blast injury is one of the most severe patterns of injury to be sustained by casualties of explosions. We have previously identified the mechanism of injury in a shock tube-mediated murine model, linking outward flail of the lower limbs to unstable pelvic fractures and vascular injury. As current military pelvic protection does not protect against lower limb flail, in this study we have utilized the same murine model to investigate the potential of novel pelvic protection to reduce injury severity. Fifty cadaveric mice underwent shock-tube blast testing and subsequent injury analysis. Pelvic protection limiting lower limb flail resulted in a reduction of pelvic fracture incidence from both front-on (relative risk (RR) 0.5, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.3–0.9, p &lt; 0.01) and under-body (RR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8 p &lt; 0.01) blast, with elimination of vascular injury in both groups (p &lt; 0.001). In contrast, pelvic protection, which did not limit flail, had no effect on fracture incidence compared to the control group and was only associated with a minimal reduction in vascular injury (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–1.0, p &lt; 0.05). This study has utilized a novel strategy to provide proof of concept for the use of pelvic protection, which limits limb flail to mitigate the effects of pelvic blast injury.
Laminar Forced Convection in Viscous Shear-Thinning Liquid Flows Inside Circular Pipes: Case for a Modified Power-Law Rheology
Authors: Subedi J. , Rajendran S. , Manglik R. M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Laminar forced convection in viscous, non-Newtonian polymeric liquids that exhibit pseudoplastic or shear-thinning behavior is characterized. The fluid rheology is characterized by a new asymptotic power-law (APL) model, which appropriately represents extensive data for apparent viscosity variation with shear rate—from the low-shear constant-viscosity plateau to shear thinning at high shear rates. This is contrasted with the traditional Ostwald-de-Waele or power-law (PL) model that invariably over-extends the pseudoplasticity in the very low shear-rate region. The latter's limitations are demonstrated by computationally obtaining frictional loss and convective heat transfer results for fully developed laminar flows in a circular pipe maintained at uniform heat flux. The Fanning friction factor and Nusselt number, as would be anticipated from the rheology map of pseudoplastic fluids, are functions of flow rate with the APL model unlike the Newtonian-like constant value obtained with the PL model. Comparisons of the two sets of results highlight the extent of errors inherent in the PL rheology model, which range from 23% to 68% for frictional loss and 3.8% to 13.7% for heat transfer. The new APL rheology model is thus shown to be the more precise characterization of viscous shear-thinning fluids for their thermal processing applications with convective heat transfer.
Center of Pressure, Vertical Ground Reaction Forces, and Neuromuscular Responses of Special-Forces Soldiers to 43-km Load Carriage in the Field
Authors: Scales James , O’Driscoll Jamie M. , Coleman Damian , Giannoglou Dimitrios , Gkougkoulis Ioannis , Ntontis Ilias , Zisopoulou Chrisoula , Brown Mathew 
Published: August 2020

The primary purpose of this study was to examine lateral deviations in center of pressure as a result of an extreme-duration load carriage task, with particular focus on heel contact. A total of 20 (n = 17 males and n = 3 females) soldiers from a special operation forces unit (body mass 80.72 [21.49] kg, stature 178.25 [8.75] cm, age 26 [9] y) underwent gait plantar pressure assessment and vertical jump testing before and after a 43-km load carriage event (duration 817.02 [32.66] min) carrying a total external load of 29.80 (1.05) kg. Vertical jump height decreased by 18.62% (16.85%) from 0.30 (0.08) to 0.24 (0.07) m, P < .001. Loading peak and midstance force minimum were significantly increased after load carriage (2.59 [0.51] vs 2.81 [0.61] body weight, P = .035, Glass delta = 0.44 and 1.28 [0.40] vs 1.46 [0.41] body weight, P = .015, Glass delta = 0.45, respectively) and increases in lateral center of pressure displacement were observed as a result of the load carriage task 14.64 (3.62) to 16.97 (3.94) mm, P < .029. In conclusion, load carriage instigated a decrease in neuromuscular function alongside increases in ground reaction forces associated with injury risk and center of pressure changes associated with ankle sprain risk. Practitioners should consider that possible reductions in ankle stability remain once load carriage has been completed, suggesting soldiers are still at increased risk of injury even once the load has been removed.