bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progestogens in luteal support
Authors: Carp Howard J.A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Progestational agents are often prescribed to increase the clinical pregnancy rate in assisted reproduction. Progestogens affect implantation, cytokine balance, natural killer cell activity, arachidonic acid release and myometrial contractility. Progesterone production from the corpus luteum is essential for reproduction, but assisted reproductive technologies (ART) can impair luteal function. ART cycles can be classified into three, fresh cycles in which there may or may not be luteal insufficiency, agonist or antagonist cycles in which there is luteal insufficiency, and luteal support is essential, and donor cycles, in which there is no corpus luteum, and a luteal phase has to be created. However, there is no adequate diagnostic test for luteal insufficiency. This article summarises the effect of various progestogens, progesterone itself whether administered vaginally, intra-muscularly, rectally or subcutaneously, and the effect of the progestogen, dydrogesterone. The time of commencement and cessation of therapy are also discussed. Progestogens are also often used to treat threatened and recurrent miscarriage. In these patients progestogen supplementation may need to be prolonged. In threatened miscarriage, until after all bleeding stops, and in recurrent miscarriage, at least as long as the luteo-placental shift.
Gonadotrophins modulate cell death-related genes expression in human endometrium
Authors: Sacchi Sandro , Sena Paola , Addabbo Chiara , Cuttone Erika , La Marca Antonio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Gonadotrophins exert their functions by binding follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) or luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) present on endometrium. Within ovaries, FSH induces autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells leading to atresia of non-growing follicles, whereas hCG and LH have anti-apoptotic functions. Endometrial cells express functioning gonadotrophin receptors. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of gonadotrophins on physiology and endometrial cells survival.

Materials and methods
Collected endometria were incubated for 48 or 72 h with 100 ng/mL of recombinant human FSH (rhFSH), recombinant human LH (rhLH) or highly purified hCG (HPhCG) alone or combined. Controls omitted gonadotrophins. The effect of gonadotrophins on cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1A), and cell-death-related genes expression was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Immunohistochemistry for microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B) and apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF-1) was performed.

Results
Gonadotrophins are able to modulate the endometrial cells survival. FSH induced autophagy and apoptosis by increasing the relative expression of MAP1LC3B and FAS receptor. In FSH-treated samples, expression of apoptosis marker APAF-1 was detected and co-localized on autophagic cells. hCG and LH does not modulate the expression of cell-death-related genes while the up-regulation of pro-proliferative epiregulin gene was observed. When combined with FSH, hCG and LH prevent autophagy and apoptosis FSH-induced.

Conclusions
Different gonadotrophins specifically affect endometrial cells viability differently: FSH promotes autophagy and apoptosis while LH and hCG alone or combined with rhFSH does not.
The piRNA pathway in planarian flatworms: new model, new insights
Authors: Kim Iana V. , Riedelbauch Sebastian , Kuhn Claus-D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that associate with members of the PIWI clade of the Argonaute superfamily of proteins. piRNAs are predominantly found in animal gonads. There they silence transposable elements (TEs), regulate gene expression and participate in DNA methylation, thus orchestrating proper germline development. Furthermore, PIWI proteins are also indispensable for the maintenance and differentiation capabilities of pluripotent stem cells in free-living invertebrate species with regenerative potential. Thus, PIWI proteins and piRNAs seem to constitute an essential molecular feature of somatic pluripotent stem cells and the germline. In keeping with this hypothesis, both PIWI proteins and piRNAs are enriched in neoblasts, the adult stem cells of planarian flatworms, and their presence is a prerequisite for the proper regeneration and perpetual tissue homeostasis of these animals. The piRNA pathway is required to maintain the unique biology of planarians because, in analogy to the animal germline, planarian piRNAs silence TEs and ensure stable genome inheritance. Moreover, planarian piRNAs also contribute to the degradation of numerous protein-coding transcripts, a function that may be critical for neoblast differentiation. This review gives an overview of the planarian piRNA pathway and of its crucial function in neoblast biology.
New horizons in mitochondrial contact site research
Authors: Zung Naama , Schuldiner Maya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Contact sites, areas where two organelles are held in close proximity through the action of molecular tethers, enable non-vesicular communication between compartments. Mitochondria have been center stage in the contact site field since the discovery of the first contact between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) over 60 years ago. However, only now, in the last decade, has there been a burst of discoveries regarding contact site biology in general and mitochondrial contacts specifically. The number and types of characterized contacts increased dramatically, new molecular mechanisms enabling contact formation were discovered, additional unexpected functions for contacts were shown, and their roles in cellular and organismal physiology were emphasized. Here, we focus on mitochondria as we highlight the most recent developments, future goals and unresolved questions in the field.
Effects of extracellular Hsp70, lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid on human monocyte-derived macrophages and differentiated THP-1 cells
Authors: Hulina-Tomašković Andrea , Somborac-Bačura Anita , Grdić Rajković Marija , Hlapčić Iva , Bosnar Martina , Rumora Lada 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Extracellular Hsp70 (eHsp70) is elevated in blood of patients with inflammatory diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), prone to bacterial infections. It stimulates pro-inflammatory effects in cells via TLR2 and TLR4. The main hypothesis was that eHsp70 induces inflammation and alters inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). We assessed pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations, TLR2, TLR4 and Hsp70 mRNA expressions, NF-κB and MAPKs activation, and viability after treatment of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and THP-1 cells with recombinant human (rh) Hsp70, LPS and LTA. rhHsp70, LPS, LTA and their combinations induced IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α from MDMs. LPS, LTA, and combinations with rhHsp70 increased TLR2 and decreased TLR4 in both cells. rhHsp70 increased TLR2 and TLR4 in THP-1 cells, and TLR2 in MDMs. rhHsp70, LPS and their combinations up-regulated Hsp70 in MDMs, while down-regulated it in THP-1. LPS and its combinations with rhHsp70 lowered cell viability in THP-1 cells and activated caspases-8 and -9. Involvement of NF-κB and MAPKs in inflammatory and survival mechanisms stimulated by rhHsp70 was demonstrated. eHsp70 alone and in combination with bacterial components could provoke inflammation and affect viability of MDMs and THP-1 cells leading to disturbed inflammatory responses in diseases accompanied with bacterial colonisations or infections.
China’s approach to the environmental civilization
Authors: Sťahel Richard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study examines the origins and main aspects of the Chinese concept of ecological civilization. Originally a philosophical concept, it was later developed into a political and constitutional principle and became the basis of several public policies of the Chinese government. The author also draws attention to several contradictions and weaknesses in the concept, which has been seen as a Chinese version of sustainable development and ultimately as a Chinese concept of global civilization.
Trends and risk factors of adolescent opioid abuse/misuse: understanding the opioid epidemic among adolescents
Authors: Spencer Margaret R. , Weathers Sierra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Over the past decade, opioid abuse/misuse has grown from a local problem into a national crisis, causing the U.S. Health and Human Services (HSS) to declare a public health emergency. The number of those dying from opioid abuse has increased, especially among adolescents. Since 2014, death rates due to opioid overdose have been highest in persons aged 15–19 years. This systematic review examines past and present research concerning opioid abuse/misuse and seeks to bring more attention to the growing opioid epidemic affecting adolescents aged 12–25 years nationwide. Keywords such as “adolescent”, “opioid”, “overdose”, “opioid misuse”, and phrases including “opioid use and race”, “income status and opioids”, were used to find common demographic trends which can be attributed to this population. The process of gathering and disseminating information currently available on this subject helps highlight a somewhat taboo subject involving vulnerable members of our community. It is imperative that healthcare providers, in particular, those who treat adolescents, have access to current research and resources that support efforts to combat this persistent issue. In addition, this information will prove useful to those who have the ability to change policies and how this current crisis is being managed. Results from the research indicate that opioid abuse/misuse in adolescents is rising and race, gender and income play a role in the abuse/misuse of opioids. Likewise, the research proves that more opportunities for education and access to adequate treatment are paramount to ending the prevalence of opioid abuse/misuse.
Study of epidemiological determinants of undernutrition among adolescent girls in urban slums of Berhampur, Odisha: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohanty Sambedana , Panda Manasee 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Adolescent girls are vulnerable to many problems, undernutrition being the most common. This results in growth restriction resulting in stunting, wasting, underweight and last but not the least iron-deficiency anaemia. Nutritional needs are high during puberty which later leads to complications during pregnancy and its outcomes.

Materials and methods
A field based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of the girls and to determine the various factors responsible for undernutrition. After clearance from the Institution Ethical Committee (IEC) and permission from Child Development Programme Officer (CDPO), the study was conducted in the anganwadi centres (AWC) of urban slums in the field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine from the 1st October 2014 to the 31st October 2016. All the adolescent girls enlisted in the seven anganwadi centres were included as study subjects with their consent. A pre-designed, pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on following sections. (a) socio-demographic profile and (b) nutritional status. Dietary intake was taken using the 24-h recall method. Anthropometry was measured and haemoglobin (Hb) was estimated. SPSS version 21 was used for descriptive and analytic statistics.

Results
Among the 160 girls 98(61.3%), 69(43.1%), 53(33.1%) were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Anaemia was present among 144(90%) of the girls.

Conclusion
Strict monitoring of weekly iron and folic acid supplementation (WIFS) as well as nutrition education are essential measures to solve the problem of undernutrition among adolescent girls.
An iterative algorithm for joint covariate and random effect selection in mixed effects models
Authors: Delattre Maud , Poursat Marie-Anne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We consider joint selection of fixed and random effects in general mixed-effects models. The interpretation of estimated mixed-effects models is challenging since changing the structure of one set of effects can lead to different choices of important covariates in the model. We propose a stepwise selection algorithm to perform simultaneous selection of the fixed and random effects. It is based on Bayesian Information criteria whose penalties are adapted to mixed-effects models. The proposed procedure performs model selection in both linear and nonlinear models. It should be used in the low-dimension setting where the number of ovariates and the number of random effects are moderate with respect to the total number of observations. The performance of the algorithm is assessed via a simulation study, which includes also a comparative study with alternatives when available in the literature. The use of the method is illustrated in the clinical study of an antibiotic agent kinetics.
Evaluating hydrodynamics in a bioreactor with liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase
Authors: Arabmarkadeh Arash , Nosrati Mohsen , Hejazi Mohammad Amin , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Bioreactors are used in many biochemical industries to produce commercial life products such as medicines, enzymes, perfumes, paints and antibiotics. In the presented study, a specially shaped bioreactor has been designed, built and operated to increase the mass transfer coefficient. The constructed bioreactor, according to type of microorganisms, can provide high amounts of oxygen or carbon dioxide. Moreover, the manuscript was aimed at investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the bioreactor. The bioreactor was constructed from three parts including shower in upper part, middle section for mass transfer and bottom section as a reservoir. Liquid flow rate, shower holes diameter, aeration velocity and the middle part height of the bioreactor have been studied as factors influencing the hydrodynamics. The results showed that the highest mass transfer coefficient was 30.1 1/h which was achieved when the liquid flow rate, the shower holes diameter, aeration velocity and middle part height of the bioreactor were 280 mL/min, 2 mm, 0.03 vvm and 60 cm, respectively.
Rheological properties of soy protein isolate – carboxymethyl flaxseed gum mixed dispersions under large amplitude oscillatory shear
Authors: Ma Yu-xi , Niu Jin-lei , Li Dong , Wang Li-jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Carboxymethyl flaxseed gum (CMFG) is developed in our laboratory by modifying flaxseed gun through carboxymethylation. The aim of this study is to reveal the rheological properties of soy protein isolate – carboxymethyl flaxseed gum (SPI-CMFG) mixed dispersion in realistic processing conditions by conducting large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) test, with consideration of concentration and degree of substitution (DS) of CMFG. Results showed that increasing CMFG concentration significantly increased storage moduli (Gʹ), loss moduli (Gʺ), and the apparent viscosity of all SPI-CMFG mixed dispersions. LAOS test illustrated that the dispersions experienced a transition from LAOS type IV to type III after increasing the concentration of CMFG, while the behavior converted from LAOS type I to type III by increasing DS. Fourier transform rheology (FTR) exhibited that increasing the concentration or DS of CMFG both induced a conversion from “soft sphere” to “hard sphere” behavior. The strain-stiffening ratio S and the shear-thickening ratio T demonstrated, that all SPI-CMFG dispersions experienced a similar conversion from strain stiffening to strain softening, and from shear thinning to shear thickening behaviors by increasing the concentration of CMFG. Nevertheless, the mixed dispersions presented shear thickening behaviors when DS was no more than 0.520 in the whole range of strain, while a conversion from shear thinning to shear thickening behavior occurred, when DS reached at 0.755 and 0.973.
The effect of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) addition on the content of selected mineral elements, carotenes, and antioxidant potential in alginate gel beads
Authors: Duliński Robert , Byczyński Łukasz , Karbowski Adrian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Alginate, a heteropolysaccharide extracted from brown algae Laminaria digitata, has non-toxic status and good physical and chemical properties, was used in this study for encapsulation of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. Results indicated that adding A. platensis to alginate beads increased the level of mineral elements: magnesium by 55–60 mg/kg, iron by 38–40 mg/kg, and iodine by 88–107 μg/kg, as compared to respective control samples without microalgae addition. Adding A. platensis within alginate beads resulted in an increased antioxidative potential and consequent higher inhibition of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by 15–25% compared to the respective control alginate beads. Finally, the content of beta-carotene in alginate beads fortified with A. platensis biomass amounts on average to 51 μg/g. Due to their health-promoting potential, alginate beads enriched with A. platensis biomass can, therefore, be used as a functional ingredient in the nutraceutical sector.
Selenium-chelating corn oligopeptide as a potential antioxidant supplement: investigation of the protein conformational changes and identification of the antioxidant fragment composition
Authors: Qin Xiu-Yuan , Zhang Jiang-Tao , Li Guo-Ming , Cai Mu-Yi , Lu Jun , Gu Rui-Zeng , Liu Wen-Ying 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A selenium-chelating corn oligopeptide (Se-COP) with high protein and low molecular weight was prepared as a selenium supplement. We utilized infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS)-binding fluorescence spectra, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to analyze and describe Se-COP and its reactions. It was concluded that the chelation reaction was a spontaneous process driven by enthalpy and entropy, with ΔH=3.79 × 104 ± 4075 cal/mol, ΔS = 146 cal/mol, ΔG = –23356.30 ± 126.94 cal/mol, binding constant Ka = 1.18 × 104 ± 855 M–1, and binding site number n = 0.13 ± 0.0126, and described as coordination bonds forming and hydrophobic interaction, as well as protein conformational changes including secondary and tertiary hydrophobic structure. Se-COP had strong antioxidant capacity, and mass spectrometry (MS) was used to identify the antioxidant peptide fragment, which was characterized as LLPPY and quantified at 428.95 ng/mg. This study indicated that Se-COP prepared by chelation may be a Se supplement with antioxidant capacity that can be applied in functional foods or ingredients.
Retention of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the concentration of broccoli extract by progressive freeze concentration
Authors: Azhar Aisyah N. H. , Panirselvam Mohanadharshini , Amran Nurul A. , Ruslan Muhammad S. H. , Samsuri Shafirah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A conventional evaporation is known to involve high temperature process which could destroy the heat-sensitive compound in a plant extract. In this study, a green and low-cost alternative concentration technique namely progressive freeze concentration (PFC) has been introduced to concentrate broccoli extract. A stirred cylindrical crystallizer was used to freeze the added solvent (water) in the extraction process. The changes in effective partition constant (K), antioxidant activity (AA) and total phenolic content (TPC) of the extract, were analysed at a different reading of coolant temperature, freezing time and stirring rate. From the findings, it was found that an amount of 0.003180 mg GAE/g of total phenolic content and 86.10% of antioxidant activity were retained through the PFC process at a coolant temperature of −6 °C, freezing time of 45 min and stirring rate of 100. Besides, the lowest K value achieved was 0.08 which outstandingly portrays an efficient PFC process.
Effects of temperature and fluid velocity on beer pasteurization in open and closed loop heating systems: numerical modeling and simulation
Authors: Guo Wei , P Sanjeevi , Gharibzahedi Seyed Mohammad Taghi , Guo Ya , Wang Yingkuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A two-dimensional symmetric heat transfer model and a fluid rotation model were established to study beer pasteurization process through the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Two heating modes, including closed-loop heating (CLH) and open-loop heating (OLH), were considered. There was a significant natural convection phenomenon in both heating systems. However, the natural convection became weaker with a gradual increase in the heating temperature of the beer. The maximum fluid velocity (FV) in CLH and OLH modes was 69.34 and 43.74 mm/s, respectively. After heating at 333.13 K for 20 min, the minimum and maximum pasteurization unit (PU) values in CLH were 55 and 59, respectively, while the corresponding values for OLH were 30 and 55, respectively. The pasteurization effect under the CLH mode was better than the OLH one. The heat transfer was also affected by fluid flow (laminar and turbulence) patterns. The PU value was nonlinearly related to the FV. The optimal FV can be obtained at ∼50 mm/s.
Exploring the cyber governance discourse: A perspective from China
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Cheng Le , Pei Jiamin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aims to examine China's approach to the cyber governance, especially the discourse of Internet information, through a detailed investigation of the Provision on Ecological Governance of Internet Information Content. The findings in this study indicate that China's approach to the governance of Internet information possesses the following essential features: the clarification of the dialectical relationship between Internet freedom and order, the unification of carrying forward positive energy and restraining negative information, the people-oriented and bottom-up participatory approach to the ecological governance of Internet information, as well as the strictly prohibitive conducts of three key administrative counterparts. The underlying reasons for choosing such an ecological path to regulate the Internet information can be attributed to China's national configuration, including its political system, cultural tradition, status quo of the Internet development, and the pervasive cybersecurity challenges facing its society. It is thus argued that the governance of Internet information, characteristic of spatiality, can merely be construed within specific socio-political and cultural contexts. Albeit the spatiality of the governance of the Internet information, China's approach can serve as a model for other nations to develop their own governance discourses pertaining to the Internet information. This study aims not only to unpack the Chinese discourse of the ecological governance of Internet information but also to provide useful insights into the discourse and practices of global cyber governance.
Legal complexity and state obligations to the right to food: Towards an analytical shift of progressive realisation
Authors: Hadiprayitno Irene 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article aims to analyse what it means to study state obligations to progressive realization of the right to food from the perspective of legal complexity. This perspective studies law not in isolation, rather in the existence of multiple legal systems at socio-political space of states. The article highlights that employing legal complexity, particularly with its understanding on interlegality and space, may enable one to gain alternative insights in the ways that states measure their commitment to carry their obligations to respect, protect and fulfill the right to food.