bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single nonsynonymous mutation on gene encoding E protein of Zika virus leads to increased neurovirulencein vivo
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Zhang Yawei , Cheng Mengli , Ge Ningning , Shu Jiayi , Xu Zhiheng , Tong Yigang , Qin Chengfeng , Jin Xia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZika virus can infect a wide range of tissues including the developmental brain of human fetuses, causing from mild to severe clinical diseases. Whether its genetic characteristics impacts on viral pathogenesis is incompletely understood. We have obtained viral variants through serially passage of a clinical Zika virus isolate (SW01) in neonatal micein vivoand found some of which exhibited markedly increased virulence and neurotropism. By deep sequencing analysis, the more pathogenic viral variants were found to contain four dominant nonsynonymous nucleotide mutations on genes encoding E and NS2A proteins. Further investigation using molecularly cloned viruses revealed that a single 67D (Aspatic acid) to N (Asparagine) substitution on E protein is sufficient to confer the increased virulence and neurotropism. These findings provide new insight into Zika virus pathogenesis and suggest novel targets for the development of therapeutics.Author SummaryRecent large outbreaks of Zika virus infection worldwide have revealed an association between the viral infection and increased cases of specific neurological problems including Congenital Zika Syndrome (including microcephaly) and adult Guillain–Barré Syndrome. However, the determinants of the increased neurovirulence of Zika virus remain uncertain. One hypothesis is that some unique changes across the Zika viral genome have led to the occurrence of these neurological diseases. To test this hypothesis, we continuously propagated a clinical isolate of contemporary Zika virus (SW01) in neonatal mice brain for 11 times to obtain an mouse central nervous system (CNS) adapted Zika virus (MA-SW01) that showed significantly increased neurovirulencein vivo. We then discovered that a single G to A nucleotide substitution at the 1069 site of Zika virus open reading frame leading to a D (aspartic acid) to N (asparagine) in viral Envelope protein is responsible for the increased neurovirulence. These findings improve our understanding of the neurological pathogenesis of Zika virus and provide clues for the development of antiviral strategy.
Connectomics analysis reveals first, second, and third order thermosensory and hygrosensory neurons in the adultDrosophilabrain
Authors: Marin Elizabeth C. , Roberts Ruairí J.V. , Büld Laurin , Theiss Maria , Pleijzier Markus W. , Sarkissian Tatevik , Laursen Willem J. , Turnbull Robert , Schlegel Philipp , Bates Alexander S. , Li Feng , Landgraf Matthias , Costa Marta , Bock Davi D. , Garrity Paul A. , Jefferis Gregory S.X.E. 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYAnimals exhibit innate and learned preferences for temperature and humidity – conditions critical for their survival and reproduction. Here, we leveraged a whole adult brain electron microscopy volume to study the circuitry associated with antennal thermosensory and hygrosensory neurons, which target specific ventroposterior (VP) glomeruli in theDrosophila melanogasterantennal lobe. We have identified two new VP glomeruli, in addition to the five known ones, and the projection neurons (VP PNs) that relay VP information to higher brain centres, including the mushroom body and lateral horn, seats of learned and innate olfactory behaviours, respectively. Focussing on the mushroom body lateral accessory calyx (lACA), a known thermosensory neuropil, we present a comprehensive connectome by reconstructing neurons downstream of heating- and cooling-responsive VP PNs. We find that a few lACA-associated mushroom body intrinsic neurons (Kenyon cells) solely receive thermosensory inputs, while most receive additional olfactory and thermo- or hygrosensory PN inputs in the main calyx. Unexpectedly, we find several classes of lACA-associated neurons that form a local network with outputs to other brain neuropils, suggesting that the lACA serves as a general hub for thermosensory circuitry. For example, we find DN1 pacemaker neurons that link the lACA to the accessory medulla, likely mediating temperature-based entrainment of the circadian clock. Finally, we survey strongly connected downstream partners of VP PNs across the protocerebrum; these include a descending neuron that receives input mainly from dry-responsive VP PNs, meaning that just two synapses might separate hygrosensory inputs from motor neurons in the nerve cord. (249)HIGHLIGHTSTwo novel thermo/hygrosensory glomeruli in the fly antennal lobeFirst complete set of thermosensory and hygrosensory projection neuronsFirst connectome for a thermosensory centre, the lateral accessory calyxNovel third order neurons, including a link to the circadian clock
Social media markets for prescription drugs: platforms as virtual mortars for drug types and dealers
Authors: Demant Jakob , Bakken Silje Anderdal , Hall Alexandra 
Published: January 2020

PurposeInternet use has changed the mechanics of drug dealing. Although this has spurred some initial academic interest in how markets and their users have been changing, the issue is still under-researched. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the organisation of the distribution of prescription drugs and other illegal drugs overlap in these online markets by analysing data gathered from observation of the Swedish Facebook drug market and its participants.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered during three months of digital ethnography conducted among Swedish Facebook posters supplemented by 25 interviews with sellers (20) and buyers (5). Screenshots and interview data were coded by carrying out an NVivo-based content analysis. The analysis is based on descriptive statistics of drug types, co-occurrence with other drugs, group size and the demographic characteristics of sellers. Additionally, the interviewees’ descriptions of the marketplace and their drug dealing or buying activities were included in the analysis.FindingsIn total, 57 Swedish Facebook groups that sold illegal substances were located. The groups rarely specialised in specific drug types, but were convened around demographic factors, such as specific cities and locales. The sales of prescription drugs were part of the overall activity of groups selling other illegal drugs, but they were more often sold in separate Facebook posts, possibly by specialist sellers. Swedish Facebook sales primarily concerned alprazolam, tramadol, pregabalin and clonazepam, and were sold by both professional and amateur sellers.Originality/valueThis study reports findings from a Nordic comparative study on social media drug dealing, representing the first in-depth study of digitally mediated prescription drug dealing outside of cryptomarkets.
Theorizing coordination, collaboration and integration in multi-sourcing triads (B3B triads)
Authors: Vlachos Ilias , Dyra Selvie Carolin 
Published: January 2020

PurposeSupply chains are becoming more complex and uncertain, yet existing theories are predominately based on empirical research of dyads overlooking triadic settings. This study aims to bridge the gap between supply chain theories and praxis, this study examined multi-sourcing triads in terms of coordination, collaboration and integration.Design/methodology/approachTransaction cost economics, resource-based view in conjunction with social capital theory and agency theory were used to develop a research framework. Abductive, comparative research examined four triads. The triads comprised four retailers (EU, USA, Japan and one with a global presence), one third-party logistics provider (3PL) and 103 suppliers in textiles and the clothing industry.FindingsAll multi-sourcing triads achieved efficient coordination via network configuration showing varying degrees of collaboration and integration. Three research propositions were developed as follows: transaction complexity and dynamics necessitate triad coordination and control by the 3PL; relational and structural embeddedness emerge when actors invest in triad-specific resources and capabilities; information, relational and structural asymmetries may trigger bridge transfer and affect triad integration and performance.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirical research on multi-sourcing triads complements existing research on logistics and service, transitive triads to uncover how triad coordination, embeddedness and power asymmetries affect supply chain performance. Future studies should examine the interrelationships between triad embeddedness, asymmetries and relational capital.Practical implicationsCompared to logistics or service triads, B3B triads excel in relational and structural embeddedness and offer unique production-distribution solutions that create value to end-consumers and triad actors.Originality/valueB3B triads are a unique conceptualization in supply chain management that extends the concepts of logistics triads and service triads.
Thresholds of income inequality that mitigate the role of gender inclusive education in promoting gender economic inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice , Odhiambo Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to provide the thresholds of inequality that should not be exceeded if gender inclusive education is to enhance gender inclusive formal economic participation in sub-Saharan Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical evidence is based on the generalised method of moments and data from 42 countries during the period 2004-2014.FindingsThe following findings are established. First, inclusive tertiary education unconditionally promotes gender economic inclusion, while the interaction between tertiary education and inequality is unfavourable to gender economic inclusion. Second, a Gini coefficient that nullifies the positive incidence of inclusive tertiary education on female labour force participation is 0.562. Second, the Gini coefficient and Palma ratio that crowd-out the negative unconditional effects of inclusive tertiary education on female unemployment are 0.547 and 6.118, respectively. Third, a 0.578 Gini coefficient, a 0.680 Atkinson index and a 6.557 Palma ratio are critical masses that wipe out the positive unconditional effects of inclusive tertiary education on female employment. The findings associated with lower levels of education are not significant.Practical implicationsAs the main policy implication, income inequality should not be tolerated above the established thresholds for gender inclusive education to promote gender inclusive formal economic participation. Other implications are discussed in the light of sustainable development goals.Originality/valueThis study complements the existing literature by providing inequality thresholds that should not be exceeded for gender inclusive education to promote the involvement of women in the formal economic sector.
Depression and people with a learning disability: a way forward
Authors: Jahoda Andrew 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline what is known about the prevalence, causes and treatment of depression for people with learning disabilities, with a focus on psychosocial interventions.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a narrative review, and will provide evidence-based guidance for practitioners and those managing service delivery.

Findings
Depression is just as prevalent among people with learning disabilities as it is in the wider population and they are frequently exposed to known vulnerability factors for low mood such as lack of social support and purposeful activity. Yet there remains a paucity of evidence about effective interventions for depression.

Originality/value
Growing evidence about the effectiveness of psychological interventions for people with learning disabilities and depression is promising but insufficient. To make meaningful change, there also needs to be an implementation strategy that encompasses the broader context of people’s lives, including family, care and work settings.
Commentary on “Implementation of policy regarding restrictive practices in England”
Authors: Frederiks Brenda 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
In the Netherlands, as in England, concerns exist about the extent of and frequency with which freedom-restricting measures are applied. The view is that use of these measures needs to decrease. The purpose of this paper is to outline new legislation that is expected to come into force in the Netherlands in 2020.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper provides a description of legislation entering into force on 1 January 2020.

Findings
Many of the new legislation’s practical implications remain unclear, including the definition of involuntary care.

Research limitations/implications
The new legislation will start being monitored directly after coming into force, and only then the authors will make out what works well and what does not.

Practical implications
Introducing new legislation on coercion is not sufficient. Careful implementation of the legislation is important, including the way it defines involuntary care.

Originality/value
In 2020, the Netherlands is introducing new legislation on involuntary care for people with an intellectual disability. This includes a definition of involuntary care.
Mitigating counterfeit risk in the supply chain: an empirical study
Authors: Kros John F. , Falasca Mauro , Dellana Scott , Rowe William J. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to adopt a contingency theory from a quality perspective to develop a model for assessing the impact of counterfeit prevention efforts on supply chain (SC) performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on the participation of 140 managers across ten industry sectors, a theoretical model is proposed and structural equation modeling is used to examine the relationships among SC risk management integration, SC counterfeit risk orientation (CRO), SC counterfeit risk mitigation (CRM), SC metric consistency (MC) and SC performance (service and cost benefits).FindingsFindings suggest that firms with greater SC risk management integration have a stronger orientation toward counterfeit risk, greater maturity in CRM, more consistent SC metrics and better SC performance outcomes. CRO alone was not found to significantly improve SC MC.Research limitations/implicationsResults are based on managerial perceptions of SC counterfeit risk and performance metrics. Survey respondents were predominantly from the same country (the USA).Practical implicationsThe paper represents a potential quality management framework for SC risk management, in the context of counterfeiting that includes a contingency perspective.Originality/valueThe study advances knowledge of how firms may address the challenging issue of counterfeiting in the SC. Empirical findings offer a firm-level quality management framework for managerial decision making in the context of counterfeiting.
Autonomy, productiveness, and community: the rise of inequality in an Amazonian society
Authors: Buitron Natalia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Amazonian societies, autonomy is said to be a core value motivating egalitarian politics. This article shows how the quest for autonomy and productiveness presently sets in motion processes that encroach upon these very values. Among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador, the realization of autonomy and productiveness increasingly depends on the capture of state resources. Shuar interact with the local state as members of relatively recent sedentary communities and through the mediation of elected leaders. In these processes, ‘community’ itself is transformed: being a channel to regenerate domestic livelihoods, it also becomes an end in itself, giving rise to new economistic attitudes while legitimizing inequalities between commoners and leaders. The article suggests that the pursuit of autonomy and productiveness within a process of village formation is central to the transformation of egalitarianism that occurs when small‐scale Amazonian polities engage with nation‐state politics.
Dismemberment and Mutilation: A Data‐Driven Exploration of Patterns, Motives, and Styles
Authors: Petreca Victor G. , Burgess Ann W. , Stone Michael H. , Brucato Gary 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClassification of violent behavior, including dismemberment and mutilation, has become increasingly more significant. This study uses a data‐driven classification system based upon knowledge drawn from the pertinent literature, and examination of cases of offenders who have dismembered or mutilated their victims. The latter were extracted from the Serial Killer Database, as well as media sources, and assessed for characteristics of the perpetrators and victim(s). An informational form was developed and used to establish quantitative parameters and objectively extract pertinent information that could be used for comparison and pattern analysis. Motives and styles, as well as the organized/disorganized dichotomy for murder and dismemberment/mutilation, were examined for each case. The majority of cases demonstrated defensive styles (60%), with the second most common being offensive styles (26%), which differs from previous studies that do not exclude older cases. Additionally, 68% of cases reflected organized patterns for both murder and the acts of dismemberment or mutilation. The results support a data‐driven classification system that may serve as a foundational model for the investigation of specific motives of this type of deviant behavior in future research.
Predictive values of haematuria and hydronephrosis in suspected renal colic: An emergency department retrospective audit
Authors: Saw Jarel TS , Imeri Nerissa Nexhmije , Aldridge Emogene S , Buntine Paul G 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the predictive values of haematuria and hydronephrosis in suspected renal colic.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective audit of adult patients who received a computed tomography (CT) of the kidneys, ureter and bladder (CTKUB) for suspected renal colic, presenting to Eastern Health Emergency Departments in Melbourne, Australia, between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2016. CT hydronephrosis was used as a substitute for ultrasound hydronephrosis. We looked at the association of haematuria and CT proven hydronephrosis with CT proven ureteric and obstructing pelvic calculi.ResultsOf 769 adult cases who received a CTKUB for suspected renal colic, 384 were positive (49.9%) and 385 were negative (50.1%). For haematuria and renal colic, sensitivity was 87.3% (83.3–90.7), specificity 33.8% (28.9–39.0), positive predictive value (PPV) 55.7% (53.7–57.8), negative predictive value (NPV) 73.6% (67.1–79.3). For CT hydronephrosis and renal colic, sensitivity was 88.0% (84.2–91.1), specificity 85.0% (80.9–88.5), PPV 85.7% (82.4–88.5), NPV 87.4% (84.0–90.2). Of 110 cases with both negative CT hydronephrosis and negative haematuria, four had ureteric calculi, NPV 96.4% (90.8–98.6).ConclusionThis audit suggests that a diagnostic strategy relying on the absence of haematuria or hydronephrosis, or both, to rule out ureteric calculi may result in a small number of stones being missed.
Glacier Relics of the Last Glacial and Holocene Periods Discovered in the Middle‐low Mountains of Eastern China: Sedimentary Sequences and Environmental Evolution of Mengshan Mountain in Shandong Province since 80 ka
Authors: WANG Zhaobo , WANG Jiangyue , HE Lelong , ZHANG Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe goal of this research study is to describe academic issues which have been debated in the field of Chinese geosciences for a century. In 1922, Jonquei S. Lee (Li Siguang) discovered Quaternary glacial relics at Taihang Mountainin eastern China. In 1947, he published his research findings in the magazine Mount Lushan in Glacial Age. The research results had established three Ice Ages: Poyang (Gonzi), Dagu (Minde), and Lushan (Lisi). However, at that time, no Wurm glacial relics of the last Ice Age had been found in Lushan Mountain. Since then, the research team represented by Shi Yafeng, who is considered to be “the father of glaciers in China”, questioned Jonquei S. Lee's research results and concluded that “Professor Jonquei S. Lee's Quaternary glacier research in Lushan Mountain having misread the debris flow”. In 2005, the “middle‐low mountains” in eastern China were finally defined as follows: “We clearly and unambiguously believe that there were no glacial activities in the middle‐low mountainous areas of eastern China (east of 102° to 104°E; below 3,000 and 2,500 m) during the Quaternary Period”. Currently, the long‐standing academic debate appears to have come to a conclusion.As of 2015, the author and others began to investigate and study the Quaternary glacial relics in Mengshan Mountain (1,156m above sea level), Shandong Province, one of the “middle‐low mountains” of eastern China. The relics have been observed to posses the systematic features of glacial erosion, trough and valley striations, and moraine deposits. The applied dating method shave confirmed that there were not only glacial relics of the last Ice Age (Wurm), but also Holocene glacial relics in the Mengshan Mountain area. Therefore, in order to further establish the corresponding relationship between the glacier, loess, stream sediment series, and MIS in the Mengshan Mountain area, a large number of chronological studies have been carried out regarding the various types of sediments in the area, and 24 dating datahave been obtained using OSL, CRN, and 14Cmethods. On this basis, the corresponding relationship between the sedimentary sequences and the MIS was established for the first time in eastern China, which in dicates the environmental changes which had occurred in eastern China since 80ka. These discoveries s and chronological study results confirm the existence of the Last Ice Age, as well as Holocene glacial relics at Mengshan Mountain, there by confirming that Quaternary glaciation had occurred in the middle‐low mountain areas of eastern China.