bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia prevalence, severity and determinant factors among children aged 6-71 months in rural Hunan Province, China: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Huixia , Xiao Juan , Liao Minghui , Huang Guangwen , Zheng Jianfei , Wang Hua , Huang Qun , Wang Aihua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

In recent ten years, with the rapid socioeconomic development and the extensive implementation of children nutrition improvement projects, the previous epidemiological data cannot reflect the actual level of anemia among children in China, especially in rural areas. Therefore, this study analyzed the prevalence, severity and associated determinant factors of anemia among children aged 6-71 months in rural Hunan Province.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Through multistage stratified cluster sampling, 5229 children aged 6 to 71 months and their caregivers were randomly selected from 72 villages across 24 towns in 12 counties from rural Hunan. The demographic characteristics of children and their caregivers, feeding practice, caregivers’ anemia-related feeding knowledge, and gestational conditions of mothers were acquired by using a unified questionnaire. Peripheral blood from the left-hand middle fingertip was sampled from each child, and hemoglobin concentration was measured using a HemoCue301 portable hemoglobin analyzer (Sweden). Associated determinant factors analyses involving overall anemia and anemic severity were conducted on multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

The overall anemia prevalence was 9.7% (506/5229), and the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was 6.7% (349/5229), 2.9% (151/5229) and 0.1% (6/5229), respectively. Children age groups of 6-11 months, 12-23 months and 36-47 months, exclusive breast-feeding within 6 months after birth, and maternal moderate/severe anemia were significantly associated with an increased risk of overall anemia in children. Children age groups of 6-11 months and 12-23 months, maternal moderate/severe anemia were significantly associated with an increased risk of mild anemia in children. Children age groups of 6-11 months, 12-23 months and 36-47 months, lower caregivers’ anemia-related feeding knowledge level, and maternal moderate/severe anemia were significantly associated with an increased risk of moderate/severe anemia in children. Children who underwent regular physical examination were less likely to have moderate/severe anemia. The common protective factor for overall, mild and moderate/severe anemia in children was high family income.

Conclusions

The anemia status of preschool children in rural Hunan Province was a mild public health problem and associated with children age group, feeding practice, regular physical examination, family income, caregivers’ anemia-related feeding knowledge level, and maternal moderate/severe anemia.
Association of p-phenylenediamine exposure with alterations of pulmonary function, pruritus and health-related quality of life in hair dye manufacturer workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: zhang ming , Fan Lin , Zhang Meibian , Liu Baofeng , Zeng Qiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background p -Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a common component of hair dye, indicating the clinical characteristics of skin contact allergy and asthma with impaired pulmonary function. Howerver the adverse effects of PPD occupational exposure was rarely mentioned. The purpose of this study was to explore the PPD-induced pulmonary function, pruritus and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of industrial workers of hair dye.
Methods We recruited 124 workers from a hair dye manufacturer exposed to PPD. Individual PPD exposure and pulmonary function of workers were measured. The quality of life and subjective pruritus of workers was also assessed by SF-36 and VAS of pruritus, respectively.
Results In the high PPD-exposed group, FVC% (percentage of forced vital capacity) was higher, while FEV1/FVC% (ratio percentage of forced expiratory volume) was lower than that in the low PPD-exposed group ( P <0.05). In terms of the HRQOL, the scores of mental health and vitality of the high PPD-exposed group were the lowest of all groups ( P <0.05), while the score of VAS was significantly higher than that of other two groups ( P <0.001). PPD levels were negatively correlated with vitality and mental health ( P <0.01). Higher PPD exposure level was correlated with a significantly higher VAS level (OR 9.394; 95%CI: 1.710, 51.622; P =0.010). The structural equation model provided a good fit to the data (χ2/df =1.607, GFI =0.901, AGFI =0.934, RMSEA =0.007, IFI =0.977, CFI =0.960, PGFI =0.615). And showed that PPD exposed level have positive effects on VAS level (β = 0.213, P <0.001). Then PPD exposed level partly via lack total score of SF-36 (β = -0.465, P =0.002); on negative effects on VAR level (β = -0.110, P <0.001).
Conclusion Occupational PPD exposure might be associated with pulmonary function impairment, poor HRQOL, and subjective pruritus of workers.
Scope of Natural Plant Extract to Deactivate COVID-19
Authors: Shahid Md Abdus , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Kashem Mohammod Abul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a severe threat for public health and economy throughout the world. The structure of corona virus is composed of RNA based proteins that contains amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. It includes nucleocapsid protein (N-protein), spike protein (S-protein), envelope and hemagglutinin-esterase dimer (HE). These proteins affect adversely on human gastrointestinal system, heart, kidney, liver, and central nervous system leading to several organ damages. This investigation reveals that the extracted components of natural plants, especially hydroxyl (-OH) groups react chemically to deactivate the active components of the virus by esterification process. As a case study, using one of the natural resources, as for example, licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) which has the components of glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetic acid, liquiritin and isoliquiritin that can be used to neutralize the activeness of COVID-19 and it can be used as an antiviral drug. The extracted licorice is further processed with PVA solution to form antiviral nano-membrane for potential application as wound dressing materials, musk, gloves and against skin infection by electrospinning. The morphology of the membrane is characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The research suggests that the other plants having deactivate components against virus can be applicable to resolve the human health crisis of the globe.
Clinical parameters predictive for sphincter-preserving surgery and prognostic outcome in patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer
Authors: Partl Richard , Magyar Marton , Hassler Eva , Langsenlehner Tanja , Kapp Karin Sigrid 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Although controversial, there are data suggesting that clinical parameters can predict the probability of sphincter preserving procedures in rectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between clinical parameters and the sphincter-preserving surgery rate in patients who had undergone neoadjuvant combination therapy for advanced low rectal cancer. Methods In this single center study, the charts of 540 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had been treated with induction chemotherapy-and/or neoadjuvant concomitant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) over an 11-year period were reviewed in order to identify patients with rectal cancer ≤6 cm from the anal verge, who had received the prescribed nRCT only. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify pretreatment patient- and tumor associated parameters correlating with sphincter preservation. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results 280 of the 540 patients met the selection criteria. Of the 280 patients included in the study, 158 (56.4%) underwent sphincter-preserving surgery. 164 of 280 patients (58.6%) had a downsizing of the primary tumor (ypT < cT) and 39 (23.8%) of these showed a complete histopathological response (ypT0 ypN0). In univariate analysis, age prior to treatment, Karnofsky performance status, clinical T-size, relative lymphocyte value, CRP value, and interval between nRCT and surgery, were significantly associated with sphincter-preserving surgery. In multivariate analysis, age (hazard ratio (HR)=1.05, CI95%: 1.02-1.09, p=0.003), relative lymphocyte value (HR=0.94, CI95%: 0.89-0.99, p=0.029), and interval between nRCT and surgery (HR=2.39, CI95%: 1.17-4.88, p=0.016) remained as independent predictive parameters. A significant longer disease-free (p =0.009) and overall survival (p =0.004) were observed in the sphincter-preserving surgery group. Conclusions The findings of our study in a consistently treated cohort of 280 patients with advanced low rectal cancer suggest that clinical parameters have a role in predicting sphincter-preserving surgery.
Positional repeatability and variation in internal and external markers during volumetric-modulated arc therapy under end-exhalation breath-hold conditions for pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Sasaki Makoto , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Ono Tomohiro , Ashida Ryo , Yoshimura Michio , Nakata Manabu , Mizowaki Takashi , Sugimoto Naozo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess the positional repeatability of internal and external markers among multiple breath-hold (BH) sessions and assess the positional variation of these markers within BH sessions for volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: A total of 13 consecutive pancreatic cancer patients with an internal marker were enrolled. Single full-arc coplanar VMAT was delivered under end-exhalation (EE) BH conditions, while monitoring the internal marker with kilovoltage (kV) X-ray fluoroscopy. Positional repeatability of internal and external markers was indicated by the difference between the reference marker position and the marker position at the beginning of each BH session, and positional variation was indicated by the maximum displacement of the marker during each BH session. Results: The overall positional repeatability was 0.6 ± 1.5 mm in the X-axis for the centroid of the internal marker (CoIM), -0.1 ± 2.2 mm in the Y-axis for the CoIM, and 0.8 ± 2.2 mm for the external marker. An internal marker position > 2 mm from the reference position in the Y-axis was observed in 19.1% of all BH sessions, despite the external marker position being ≤ 2 mm from the reference position. Meanwhile, the proportion of sessions with positional variation ≤ 2 mm was 93.2% and 98.7% for the CoIM and external marker, respectively. Conclusions: External marker motion can be used as a surrogate for pancreatic tumor motion during BH-VMAT; however, an optimal internal margin is required to ensure positional repeatability.
Comparison of the Gut Microbiota Disturbance in Rat Models of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Induced by Maternal Separation and Multiple Early-life Adversity
Authors: Wu Enqi , Jingzhu Song , Lingpeng Pei , Yaqin Ling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The aims of this study was to identify the effect of modeling procedures on bacterial communities and investigate whether different modeling procedures lead to consistent patterns of gut microbiota compositions. Methods: Two IBS rat models (MS alone and multiple-early-adversity modeling) were established and the gut microbiotas were analyzed using 16S-rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing methods. Results: Rats from both models exhibited visceral hypersensitivity and the two model groups exhibited differences in the extent of visceral sensitivity and fecal water content. The microbial community structure of the two models exhibited significant differences compared to the controls, while the two model groups also exhibited significant differences between them. Furthermore, microbial community functional predictions suggested that the two models exhibited different abundances of metabolisms and pathways. Several common and distinct characteristic differences were also observed between the two model groups. Alloprevotella were more abundant in both model groups, while Butyricicoccus, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto along with the family it belongs to were less abundant relative to controls. In addition, the abundance of Clostridium_IV, Corynebacterium, Rothia, Elusimicrobium, Romboutsia, Allobaculum, Parasutterella and their related taxa were specifically associated with MS group, whereas Butyricimonas and Vampirovibrio along with its related taxa were specifically associated with MAM group. Among those, Butyricimonas, Butyricicoccus and Corynebacterium were found partially mediates early adversity exposure-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Conclusions: our results highlight the importance in evaluating gut microbiota characteristics in IBS research while also systematically considering potential modeling procedural differences. The microbial compositional/functional differences identified in this study were suggestive to further investigation of mechanism of early adversity induced IBS.
Economic impact of aggression in closed long-stay psychiatric wards
Authors: Bles Nienke J. de , Hazewinkel Andreia W.P. , Bogers Jan P.A.M. , Mouton Constant , Hout Wilbert B. van den , Hemert Albert M. van , Ottenheim Nathaly Rius , Giltay Erik 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Aggressive behaviour (i.e. verbal, physical towards objects, self, or others) is highly prevalent in long-term psychiatric inpatient care. We aimed to estimate the overall incidence of aggression, the time staff took to handle aggression incidents, and the weighted average financial costs thereof. Methods : A random sampling procedure was conducted at three long-term psychiatric inpatient care facilities, covering all weekdays and work shifts (day, evening, and night). Psychiatric nurses were asked to recall all incidents of their shift. For the time spent on each type of incident, members of staff were monitored in real-time for a period of one week. Estimated costs were calculated by the time spent multiplied by hourly wages in addition to any material-related costs. Results : The incidence rates were 90 incidents per patient year: 63 for verbal aggression, 8 for physical aggression towards objects, 7 for self-harm, and 12 for physical aggression towards others. The average time spent per incident was 125 minutes but differed for each type of incident. Almost 80% of this time was consumed by nursing staff. The average cost per aggression incident was €78; extrapolated per patient year, the total costs were approximately €7000. Conclusions : The current study found a high rate of aggression incidents in closed long-stay psychiatric wards, particularly when accounting for verbal aggression. Reports of aggression on these types of wards are scarce. Nevertheless, aggression seems to have a severe impact on invested time and related costs, which suggests a need for aggression-prevention and de-escalating programs.
Thinning enhances ecosystem multifunctionality via increase of functional diversity in a Pinus yunnanensis natural secondary forest
Authors: Huang Xiaobo , Li Shuaifeng , Su Jianrong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The impacts of thinning on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed nine variables related to four ecosystem functions (nutrient cycling, soil carbon stocks, decomposition, and wood production) under five thinning intensities. We included a control group to evaluate the shift in EMF of a Pinus yunnanensis natural secondary forest. We also assessed the relationship between above- and belowground biodiversity and EMF under these different thinning intensities. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on EMF with the structural equation model (SEM). Results: We found that EMF tended to increase with thinning intensity, and that thinning significantly improved EMF except the low intensity of thinning. Individual ecosystem functions (EFs) all had a significant positive correlation with thinning intensity. Different EFs showed different patterns with the increase of thinning intensity: the nutrient cycling and the soil carbon stock of thinning three times and five times were significantly greater than other thinning intensities and control group; decomposition correlated directly to the increase of thinning intensity; the wood production of the fourth thinning was greatest. Thinning intensity had a significant positive correlation with functional diversity and soil moisture. Both functional diversity and soil moisture had a significant positive correlation with EMF, but soil fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) had a significant negative correlation with EMF. Based on SEM, we found that thinning improved EMF mainly by increasing functional diversity. Conclusion: Our study both demonstrates that thinning is a good management technique from an EMF perspective, and provides an input to improve management of a P. yunnanensis natural secondary forest.
The competition and survival of stump sprouts of Quercus spp. in a regenerated stand during the 19 years after a forest fire in the Republic of Korea
Authors: KIM Jeonghwan , Lim Joo-Hoon , Shin Moonhyun , Han Seung Hyun , Kang Wonseok 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Forest fire is a natural phenomenon that is very important to afforestation in the secondary succession process. Approximately 349.7 M ha yr -1 of forest had been lost due to forest fire in the world. In Republic of Korea, the forest fires occur at a rate of approximately 400 events yr -1 , and burned areas are mainly located on the eastern coast. In the eastern coastal region, pine forest is widely distributed, and pine forest is changed to oak forest through stump sprout regeneration following forest fires. However, there is a lack of research on oak competition during regeneration in burned areas. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the effects of species composition and the survival ratio of Quercus serrata , Quercus variabilis , and Quercus mongolica in burned areas. The investigation plots were set to investigate tree growth, survival, and composition in Goseong-gun, Republic of Korea. Results : The mean tree heights of Q. serrata and Q. variabilis were approximately 9.8 m and 9.1 m, respectively, which were higher than the approximately 5.8 m heights of Q. mongolica stands 18 years after a forest fire, and the trend for tree diameter at breast height was the same for all three species. In the early stage of regeneration, the survival probability of the Q. serrata sprouts rapidly decreased at a rate 1.7-2.0 times higher than that of other oak species in the Q. serrata -dominant stands. The median survival time of Q. variabilis sprouts in the Q. variabilis -dominant stands was approximately 10.1 years, which was similar to Q. serrata -dominant stands. However, the dominant stand of Q. mongolica was different from that of other dominant stands due to different topography and soil environments located in the ridge and the upper part of the mountain. Conclusion : Dominant species decision seems to be determined by the survival and occurrence of sprouts during the early stage in postfire regenerated oak forests. Therefore, it would be more desirable to coppice sprout for dominant species productivity and rapid dominance after a forest fire.
Feasibility of a noninvasive operability assessment in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension under real-world practice.
Authors: Chaverri adriana Rodriguez , Ostolaza Yolanda Revilla , Lopez-Gude Maria Jesus , Velazquez María Teresa , Antonio Ines Ponz de , Charterina Sergio Alonso , Gonzalez-Trevilla Agustin Albarran , Nuñez Marta Perez , Vela Jose Luis Perez , Ruiz Rafael Morales , Jimenez Juan F. Delgado , Ynsaurriaga Fernando Arribas , Cortina Jose Maria , Subias Pilar Escribano 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background – The development of an optimized assessment of operability in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a noninvasive operability assessment of CTEPH based on multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MCTA). Methods –176 patients with CTEPH were evaluated from January 2016 to April 2018. Throughout the first phase, operability was assessed with MCTA and pulmonary angiography (PA): initial surgical decision was made based on MCTA with further analysis of PA to evaluate which cases initial decision was not modified by PA. During the second phase, PA was limited to patients judged inoperable based on MCTA or in those whose assessment was not possible. Results – Patients deemed operable (50%) based on MCTAalong the first phase, had been adequately classified, as PA did not modify the initial decision in all but one patient. Comparable results were obtained throughout the implementation phase, in which decision of operability was based on MCTA in 49% of the patients. Regarding operated patients, decision of operability had been based solely on MCTA in 94% of those with level I disease regarding intraoperative CTEPH classification; in 75% with level II disease and 54% with level III. This approach enabled shorter time periods to complete surgical assessment and the avoidance of PA-related morbidity. Baseline parameters, postoperative measures and survival rates at 1 year after surgerywere comparable in both phases. Conclusions - Noninvasive operability assessment is feasible in a subset of CTEPH patients and optimizessurgical candidacy evaluation.
Sanfu herbal patch applied at acupoints in patients with bronchial asthma: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiaoyan Xie , Xu Danghan , Zhuang Lixing , Liu Hui , Tan Sui , Lu Yanqing , Su Meiyi , Chen Jie , Pan Haihua , Lu Lu , Xu Yiming , Liao Muxi , Xu Zhanqiong , He Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most common inflammatory airway disorders. As one of the main non-drug therapies, the Sanfu herbal patch (SHP) has been widely used to treat BA, although the evidence and mechanism are inconclusive. The objective of this pilot trial is to clarify the clinical efficacy and safety of the SHP in the treatment of BA in the chronic persistent or clinical remission stage and to provide high-quality data for further research.Methods: We propose a multicenter, double-blinded, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 4 study hospitals in China. A total of 72 eligible participants will be randomized into an SHP group and a placebo group. They will receive SHP for 3 treatment sessions(TSs). The primary outcome will be changes in forced expiratory volume in one second after 3 TSs. Secondary outcomes will include: (1) the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Asthma Control Test, and Asthma Long-term Follow-up Scale; (2) levels of Metallothionein-2 and Transgelin-2 in blood and urine; and (3) levels of IL-5, IL-13, IL-23, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in blood. Analysis of the data will be performed at baseline, at the end of the 2nd and 3rd TSs and at 24-week follow-up. The safety of the SHP will be evaluated at each TS.Discussion: The aim of this trial is to determine whether SHP is more effective than placebo in the treatment of patients with BA, and whether SHP works by reducing airway inflammation and reversing bronchoconstriction.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(http://www.chictr.org.cn), ChiCTR1900024616. Registered on 19 July 2019.