bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical behavior of crack spacing of specimens subjected to axial tension and bending
Authors: Naotunna Chavin N. , Samarakoon Samindi M. K. , Fosså Kjell T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCrack spacing has been identified as an important parameter in predicting the crack widths in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. An experimental program has been conducted to investigate the crack spacings when reinforced concrete beams are subjected to both axial tension and flexure. The stochastic nature of cracking behavior makes the experimental program complicated. A large sample size of the crack spacing data was recorded, in order to give a statistical overview. Recent studies in the literature were used to verify the experimental results. The existing crack spacing prediction models have been developed based on different theoretical approaches, namely bond‐slip, no‐slip, and combined approaches. In this study, Eurocode 2, Model Code 2010, Japanese Code, Eurocode 2 with German Annex and Beeby's crack spacing models were selected, as they represent each theoretical approach. Experimental results of this study and from selected literature were compared with the aforementioned prediction models. Japanese Code gave better predictions for axial tensile tests. For the four‐point bending test, all the calculation models gave good agreement with the results, except for Eurocode 2 with German Annex.
Experimental and numerical investigation on axial compression of reinforced concrete columns made from recycled coarse and fine aggregates
Authors: Khelil Abdelouahab , Boissière Remi , Al Mahmoud Firas , Wurtzer Florian , Blin‐Lacroix Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current study is part of a larger project called RECYBETON developed in France since 2012. This part of project deals with the important properties of hardened concrete of recycled aggregates (RA), from microstructure to properties related to durability and fire behavior. The founding objective of the RECYBETON project is generally not to formulate concrete with a given recycling rate, but rather to optimize the recycling rate so that the benefit, whether economic or environmental, is maximized. This study describes a test campaign performed on reinforced concrete (RC) columns with different recycled aggregate ratios and a reference column made of natural aggregates. An eccentric compression‐loading device was developed to test the columns and determine the effects of small and high‐replacement ratios of recycled coarse and fine aggregates on the compression behavior of RC column. This required evaluating the mechanical behavior in compression and tension of the different materials (mechanical behavior of the various concretes according to their recycled aggregate ratios and the mechanical behavior of the steel). Finite element (FE) models were developed using Abaqus software and their performance validated based on experimental results of columns subjected monotonic loading to failure. The fracture mode was obtained by the finite element method, while the loads, displacements, and deformations of the steels and the concrete were studied and compared to the physical tests. Consistent results were obtained from the numerical and experimental tests.
What can forensic probabilistic genotyping software developers learn from significant non‐forensic software failures?
Authors: Buckleton John S. , Curran James , Taylor Duncan , Bright Jo‐Anne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe reprise four significant software failures and examine these cases for lessons that can be transferred to the development of forensic software. All four case studies have been well examined and causes described. No one factor is common to all four case studies. The studies are the MIT Kerberos security software, the Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO), the Therac‐25 radiation therapy machine, and the Boeing 737 MAX MCAS software. In order to increase the relevance to forensic DNA analysis using probabilistic genotyping (PG) we discuss the post‐production faults we have found in PG software including STRmix. Empirical testing is the primary method for detecting software faults. Of the four cases discussed, we think that testing could only have benefited the MCO and the MIT Kerberos software cases. The faults found in PG by us or STRmix users have all been found by testing or in use. Documentation is useful but an overreliance on documentation is seriously detrimental. The environment in which the software will be used is important. Redundancy is always beneficial. We consider that a key to successful data development and maintenance is a healthy culture of transparency and openness between developer and users. We also consider vital, maybe primary, a quality culture in development, verification and validation, and an avoidance of unreasonable goals and timelines.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Ethical and Social Implications
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Geospatial Analyses for Assessing the Driving Forces of Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics Around the Nile Delta Branches, Egypt
Authors: Abd El-Hamid Hazem T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMajor driving forces can alter Land use/Land cover (LULC) dynamics and affect landscape sustainability around the Nile Delta of Egypt. The present study aims at evaluating and mapping changes in LULC and assessing the dynamics of LULC and Land Surface Temperature (LST) around the two branches of the Nile Delta, Egypt using Landsat data and GIS. Calibrated Landsat images were acquired on 2000, 2014 and 2019 and processed to produce LULC, environmental indices and LST, respectively, using ENVI 5.3. ArcGIS 10.1 was used to extract a transition map from 2000 to 2019 around the two branches. The results displayed that five classes of LULC were extracted around Damietta and Rosetta branches; water, urban, bare, dense and spare vegetation. A continuous increase in water was recorded around Damietta branch; 13.66 km2 (197%), 14.21 km2 (2.04%) and 16.54 km2 (2.30%) in 2000, 2014 and 2019, respectively. Also, urban area was increased around Damietta and Rosetta branch as follows: 53.6 km2 (7.72%), 58.34 (8.37%) and 90.37 km2 (13.70%) in 2000, 2014 and 2019, 59.55 km2 (6.809%), 104.16 (11.90%) and 149.77 km2 (17.11%) in 2000, 2014 and 2019, respectively. Urban achieved the highest gain of 24.807 and 85.70 km2 at the expense of dense vegetation around Damietta and Rosetta branch, respectively. The results showed that the decrease in vegetation and the increase in urban density lead to increasing LST of the study area. The changes in LST can be monitored depending on the construction materials such as the presence of green areas and topography. Urban and bare lands have the highest LST while the water bodies and vegetation temperature showed a tendency to decrease. It can be concluded that urban areas increased with annual rate 0.27 and 0.54 km2 and vegetation decreased with annual rate −0.57 and−0.55 km2 around Damietta and Rosetta branches from 2000 to 2019. Results showed that comprehensive index was 321.14 and 330.03 around Damietta and Rosetta branch, the higher the degree of development and exploitation. There has been a significant land use change which was due to an increase in population. Overall, this research provides valuable data about changes in LU/LC around the Nile Delta branches, it is very important for decision maker and stockholders for proper management.
Trends, abrupt shifts and interannual variability of the Arctic Wintertime Seasonal Sea Ice from 1979 to 2019
Authors: Hao Guanghua , Su Jie , Vihma Timo , Huang Fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Arctic winter seasonal sea ice (WSSI) concentration from 1979 to 2019 is derived from passive microwave data. Based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, the WSSI time series includes regionally different trends, abrupt shifts and interannual variations. The time series of the first EOF mode (PC1) mainly represents the WSSI trend, which is characterized by an increase, particularly in the Pacific sector. PC1 confirms two abrupt shifts in WSSI in 1989 and 2007, with a variance of 31%. After 2007, the large-scale atmospheric circulation anomaly shows a strengthened wavenumber 3 structure at high latitudes associated with a mid-tropospheric low-pressure anomaly in central and western Siberia and a high-pressure anomaly in eastern Siberia in summer and autumn. These patterns have promoted the increased transport of moist static energy to the central Arctic and contributed to increased near-surface air temperatures that may enhance ice melting in summer and reduce ice growth in autumn and winter. The changes in ice melt and growth have had opposite effects in the Pacific and Atlantic sectors: WSSI has increased in the Pacific sector due to the replacement of multi-year ice by WSSI, and decreased in the Atlantic sector due to the replacement of WSSI by open water.
HOMOTOPY MODEL THEORY
Authors: HALIMI BRICE 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrawing on the analogy between any unary first-order quantifier and a “face operator,” this paper establishes several connections between model theory and homotopy theory. The concept of simplicial set is brought into play to describe the formulae of any first-order language L, the definable subsets of any L-structure, as well as the type spaces of any theory expressed in L. An adjunction result is then proved between the category of o-minimal structures and a subcategory of the category of linearly ordered simplicial sets with distinguished vertices.
MODEL THEORY AND COMBINATORICS OF BANNED SEQUENCES
Authors: CHASE HUNTER , FREITAG JAMES 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe set up a general context in which one can prove Sauer–Shelah type lemmas. We apply our general results to answer a question of Bhaskar [1] and give a slight improvement to a result of Malliaris and Terry [7]. We also prove a new Sauer–Shelah type lemma in the context of
$ \operatorname {\textrm{op}}$
-rank, a notion of Guingona and Hill [4].
A Q-WADGE HIERARCHY IN QUASI-POLISH SPACES
Authors: SELIVANOV VICTOR 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Wadge hierarchy was originally defined and studied only in the Baire space (and some other zero-dimensional spaces). Here we extend the Wadge hierarchy of Borel sets to arbitrary topological spaces by providing a set-theoretic definition of all its levels. We show that our extension behaves well in second countable spaces and especially in quasi-Polish spaces. In particular, all levels are preserved by continuous open surjections between second countable spaces which implies e.g., several Hausdorff–Kuratowski (HK)-type theorems in quasi-Polish spaces. In fact, many results hold not only for the Wadge hierarchy of sets but also for its extension to Borel functions from a space to a countable better quasiorder Q.
Macroevolutionary patterns of body plan canalization in euarthropods
Authors: Aria Cédric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReconstructing patterns of macroevolution has become a central endeavor in paleobiology, because it offers insight into evolutionary models shaping the history of life. As the most diverse and abundant animals since the Cambrian period, arthropods provide copious data to elucidate the emergence of body plans in metazoan lineages. However, information provided by fossils on the tempo and mode of this phenomenon has lacked a recent synthesis. Here, I investigate macroevolutionary patterns of morphological evolution in Euarthropoda using a combined extinct and extant dataset optimized for multivariate analyses. Overall ordination patterns between the main morphogroups are consistent with another, independently coded, extant-only dataset providing molecular and morphological rates of evolution. Based on a “deep split” phylogenetic framework, total-group Mandibulata and Arachnomorpha emerge as directional morphoanatomical lineages, with basal fossil morphogroups showing heterogeneously spread-out occupations of the morphospace. In addition to a more homogeneous morphological variation, new morphogroups arose by successive reductions of translation distances; this pattern was interrupted only by terrestrialization events and the origin of pancrustaceans. A displaced optimum type of model is proposed to explain the fast assembly of canalized body plans during the Cambrian, with basal fossil morphogroups fitting intermediate fitness peaks in a moving adaptive landscape. Given time constraints imposed by the paleontological evidence, and owing to the interplay between canalization and modularity, as well as a decoupling between molecular and morphological rates, the rise of euarthropods would support the view that the swiftness of the Cambrian explosion was mostly associated with the buildup of genetic regulatory networks.
EXISTENCE AND BOX DIMENSION OF GENERAL RECURRENT FRACTAL INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS
Authors: RUAN HUO-JUN , XIAO JIAN-CI , YANG BING 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe notion of recurrent fractal interpolation functions (RFIFs) was introduced by Barnsley et al. [‘Recurrent iterated function systems’, Constr. Approx.5 (1989), 362–378]. Roughly speaking, the graph of an RFIF is the invariant set of a recurrent iterated function system on
$\mathbb {R}^2$
. We generalise the definition of RFIFs so that iterated functions in the recurrent system need not be contractive with respect to the first variable. We obtain the box dimensions of all self-affine RFIFs in this general setting.
RETHINKING LATIN AMERICA'S COLD WAR
Authors: BOOTH WILLIAM A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis review outlines some of the key interventions in the literature on Latin America's Cold War produced since the early 1990s, concentrating largely on broad shifts in anglophone historiography. With questions of periodization and definition in mind, it offers a new, multi-layered model of the Cold War in the region, though with wider application. Using the example of Mexico, it then demonstrates some of the weaknesses of the current literature's assumptions and argues for the potential usefulness of a new way of seeing the period and its interconnected conflicts.
Promoting a ‘Pinochetazo’: The Chilean Dictatorship's Foreign Policy in El Salvador during the Carter Years, 1977–81
Authors: Avery Molly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article takes existing histories of Chilean transnational anti-communist activity in the 1970s beyond Operation Condor (the Latin American military states’ covert transnational anti-communist intelligence and operations system) by asking how the Pinochet dictatorship responded to two key changes in the international system towards the end of that decade: the Carter presidency and introduction of the human rights policy, and the shift of the epicentre of the Cold War in Latin America to Central America. It shows how both Salvadoreans and Chileans understood the Pinochet dictatorship as a distinct model of anti-communist governance, applicable far beyond Chile's own borders. This study of Chilean foreign policy in El Salvador contributes to new histories of the Latin American Extreme Right and to new understandings of the inter-American system and the international history of the conflicts in Central America in the late 1970s and the 1980s.
Critical Knowledge Mobilization: Directions for Social Gerontology
Authors: Grenier Amanda , Gontcharov Igor , Kobayashi Karen , Burke Equity 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe concept of knowledge mobilization (KMb) is prominent in governance frameworks of tri-council funding in Canada. Yet there are a number of conceptual and practical challenges when such ideas are proposed for adoption across large multidisciplinary contexts. This research note introduces the concept ofcritical knowledge mobilizationas a way to understand KMb in large multidisciplinary teams and social gerontology. It begins with a high-level sketch of the historic changes in knowledge production and knowledge sharing, followed by a definition of critical knowledge mobilization and examples of historical ideas and everyday tensions in practice. Building on these, we propose the need to advance and shift the culture of KMb, and to embark on engaged research as a means of innovation. We suggest that a reflexive process of critical KMb can facilitate innovation and promote a culture of knowledge mobilization in Canadian social gerontology.
Heritage, Conflict, and Reconstructions: From Reconstructing Monuments to Reconstructing Societies
Authors: Aljawabra Alkindi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article reflects on the arguments that heritage is as much about people as it is about places and objects. It is focused on Syria and based on a doctoral research project. The article investigates how heritage is approached by both “civil society” groups and extremist religious groups in Syria. It argues that the utilization of heritage by these groups offers learning lessons and examples of people-centered, socially innovative, and future-oriented heritage practices. The article suggests that the heritage community’s efforts in conflict contexts should be less about preservation and more about embracing change and finding creative ways to manage the transformation process from a pre-conflict society to a post-conflict society. In other words, they should tackle issues that matter to conflict-affected people, improve the quality of their life, and increase their horizons of hope and opportunities in assembling better futures.
Comprehensive evidence for subspecies designations in Cook’s Petrel Pterodroma cookii with implications for conservation management
Authors: RAYNER MATT J. , VAN LOENEN AYLA L. , SHEPHERD LARA D. , CUBRINOVSKA ILINA , SCOFIELD R. PAUL , TENNYSON ALAN J. D. , BUNCE MICHAEL , STEEVES TAMMY E. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCook’s Petrel Pterodroma cookii is an endemic New Zealand seabird that has experienced a large range decline since the arrival of humans and now only breeds on two offshore islands (Te Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier Island and Whenua Hou/Codfish Island) at the extreme ends of its former distribution. Morphological, behavioural, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) sequence data led a previous study to recognise the two extant populations as distinct conservation management units. Here, we further examine the genetic relationship between the extant populations using two nuclear introns (β-fibint7 and PAX). Using one mitochondrial locus (CO1), we also investigate the past distribution of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that differentiates the modern populations using bone and museum skins sourced from within its former range across New Zealand’s North and South Islands. We found significant population genetic structure between the two extant Cook’s Petrel populations for one of the two nuclear introns (β-fibint7). The mitochondrial DNA CO1 analysis indicated that the SNP variant found in the Codfish Island population was formerly widely distributed across both the North and South Islands, whereas the Little Barrier Island variant was detected only in North Island samples. We argue that these combined data support the recognition of the extant populations as different subspecies. Previous names for these taxa exist, thus Cook’s Petrel from Little Barrier Island becomes Pterodroma cookii cookii and Cook’s Petrel from Codfish Island becomes P. c. orientalis. Furthermore, we suggest that both genetic and non-genetic data should be taken into consideration when planning future mainland translocations. Namely, any translocations on the South Island should be sourced from Codfish Island and future translocations on the North Island should continue to be sourced from Little Barrier Island only.
Reproductive strategies and chromosomal aberrations affect survival in the Rivuliid fish Hypsolebias sertanejo
Authors: Evangelista Mariana Machado , Romagosa Elizabeth , Siqueira-Silva Diógenes Henrique , Yasui George Shigueki , Fujimoto Takafumi , Senhorini José Augusto 
Published: October 2020

SummaryRivulidae comprises a family of fish largely distributed in Brazil that includes 201 species, of which 125 are considered endangered. This fact emphasizes the need for development of conservation strategies including studies on genetics and reproduction. In this paper, we describe aspects of biology and reproduction of the rivuliid species Hypsolebias sertanejo. We outline the reproductive behaviour of this species under laboratory conditions, analyze ploidy status by flow cytometry, describe reproductive behaviour and performance and test dry and wet incubation of eggs. Although H. sertanejo showed well known patterns of reproductive behaviour, we verified many peculiarities inherent to its reproductive biology. As expected, most individuals were diploid (87.71%), however 14.29% were considered mosaics. Although no sterility was observed within mosaics, infertility of these fish was not fully evaluated. Hatching rate of the eggs collected was very low following both dry and wet incubation (5.04 and 3.79%, respectively). These results provide interesting information regarding the reproductive success of this species, and suggest that chromosomal abnormalities described may reduce the survival of H. sertanejo under natural conditions, limiting the perpetuation of this species, and emphasizing the need for more preservation efforts, including artificial propagation and gene banking.
Moral Imagination and the Search for Ethical Decision-Making in Management
Authors: Werhane Patricia H. 
Published: October 2020

1993: GE’s NBC News unit issues an on-air apology to General Motors for staging a misleading simulated crash test. NBC agrees to pay GM’s estimated $1 million legal and investigation expenses.February 1994: The Justice Department brought a criminal antitrust case against General Electric, accusing it of conspiring with an arm of the South African DeBeers diamond cartel to fix prices in the $600 million world market for industrial diamonds. General Electric denied wrongdoing...