bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigations on process parameters for manufacturing of antenna reflectors using vacuum infusion process
Authors: Gajjar Tushar , Shah Dhaval B. , Joshi Shashikant J. , Patel Kaushik M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforcement polymers (CFRPs) are commonly used in aerospace, automobile, and sports industries due to its superior properties compared to conventional metal and alloys. Vacuum infusion process (VIP) is one of the more versatile open mold composite manufacturing techniques because of its economic viability. This paper describes the fabrication of CFRP antenna reflectors used in space communication applications using VIP. Number of layers and pressure gradient were considered as process parameters to evaluate dimensional accuracy. Non‐contact 3D scanning has been used to measure the deviation from fabricated reflector and theoretical CAD model of reflector. Subsequent spring‐back deformation has also been obtained for each reflector. Part thickness at various locations along the length has been measured, whereas the fiber volume fraction has been calculated for each reflector. ANSYS Fluent software has been utilized to acquire pressure drop throughout the reflector, and the calculated pressure drop was validated by relating compaction pressure and volume fraction. The mold filling time has also been measured during the manufacturing process for different laminate thicknesses.
Validation of a Spanish version of the Sleep‐Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire in children living in a high‐altitude city
Authors: Villalobos‐Aguirre Maria C. , Restrepo‐Gualteros Sonia M. , Peña‐Valenzuela Alberto , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to validate a Spanish version of the Sleep‐Related Breathing Disorder scale of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (SRBD‐PSQ) in children living in a high‐altitude Colombian city.MethodsIn a prospective cohort validation study, patients aged between 2 and 17 years who attended the Ear, Nose, and Throat pediatric department of our institution for symptoms related to sleep‐related breathing disorders had a baseline visit at enrollment, a second visit the day scheduled for the surgical intervention, and a follow‐up visit at least 3 months after the surgical intervention. In these three visits, we gathered the necessary data for assessing the criterion validity, construct validity, test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and sensitivity to change of the Spanish version of the SRBD‐PSQ.ResultsIn total, 121 patients were included in the analyses. The exploratory factor analysis (generalized least squares method, varimax rotation) yielded a four‐factor structure, explaining 65.93% of the cumulative variance. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the measurements was 0.887 (95% CI: 0.809–0.934), and the Lin concordance correlation coefficient was 0.882 (95% CI, 0.821–0.943). SRBD‐PSQ scores at baseline were significantly higher than those obtained after adenotonsillectomy surgery (median [IQR] 11.0 [9.0– 14.0] vs. 4.00 [1.50–7.0]; p < 0.0001). Cronbach's α was 0.7055 for the questionnaire as a whole.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the SRBD‐PSQ has acceptable construct validity, excellent test–retest reliability and sensitivity to change, and adequate internal consistency‐reliability when used in pediatric patients living at high altitude with symptoms related to sleep‐related breathing disorders.
Efficient reliability analysis of dynamic k‐out‐of‐n phase‐AND mission systems
Authors: Wang Chaonan , Hu Yuliang , Xing Liudong , Guan Quanlong , Yang Chunhui , Yu Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivated by real‐world applications of satellites and wireless sensor networks, this paper models and evaluates a dynamic k‐out‐of‐n phase‐AND mission system (k/n‐PAMS). The mission task conducted by a k/n‐PAMS involves multiple consecutive phases; the mission is successful as long as the task is successful in any of the phases. Due to factors, such as scheduled maintenance, location changes in task execution during different phases, and resource sharing with other tasks, the total number of available components n for the considered mission task and the required number of working components k may change from phase to phase. In addition, due to varying load and working environments, component failure time distributions are also phase dependent. This paper proposes an analytical modeling approach based on multivalued decision diagrams (MDDs) for assessing reliability of the considered k/n‐PAMS. The approach encompasses a new and fast MDD model generation algorithm that considers behaviors of all the mission phases simultaneously based on node labeling. As demonstrated through empirical studies on k/n‐PAMSs with different sizes (different numbers of phases and different numbers of system components), the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the traditional phase‐by‐phase model generation method.
A sealed‐tube method for offline δ13C analysis of CO2 via a Gas Bench II continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer
Authors: Walker Brett D. , Beaupré Steven R. , Griffin Sheila , Walker Jennifer , Druffel Ellen , Xu Xiaomei 
Published: December 2020

RationaleThe isotopic measurement of environmental sample CO2 via isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) can present many analytical challenges. In many offline applications, exceedingly few samples can be prepared per day. In such applications, long‐term storage (months) of sample CO2 is desirable, in order to accumulate enough samples to warrant a day of isotopic measurements. Conversely, traditional sample tube cracker systems for dual‐inlet IRMS offer a capacity for only 6–8 tubes and thus limit throughput. Here we present a simple method to alleviate these concerns using a Gas Bench II gas handling device coupled with continuous‐flow IRMS.MethodsSample preparation entails the cryogenic purification and quantification of CO2 on a vacuum line. Sample CO2 splits are expanded from a known volume to several sample ports and allowed to isotopically equilibrate (homogenize). Equilibrated CO2 splits are frozen into 3 mm outer diameter Pyrex break‐seals and sealed under vacuum with a torch to a length of 5.5 cm. Sample break‐seals are scored, placed into 12 mL Labco Exetainer® vials, purged with ultrahigh‐purity helium, cracked inside the capped helium‐flushed vials and subsequently measured via a Gas Bench equipped IRMS instrument using a CTC Analytics PAL autosampler.ResultsOur δ13C results from NIST and internal isotopic standards, measured over a time period of several years, indicate that the sealed‐tube method produces accurate δ13C values to a precision of ±0.1‰ for samples containing 10–35 μgC. The tube cracking technique within Exetainer vials has been optimized over a period of 10 years, resulting in decreased sample failure rates from 5–10% to <1%.ConclusionsThis technique offers an alternative method for δ13C analyses of CO2 where offline isolation and long‐term storage are desired. The method features a much higher sample throughput than traditional dual‐inlet IRMS cracker setups at similar precision (±0.1‰).
A Self‐Jet Vapor‐Phase Growth of 3D FeNi@NCNT Clusters as Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zheng Xiangjun , Cao Xuecheng , Zeng Kai , Yan Jin , Sun Zhihui , Rümmeli Mark H , Yang Ruizhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDevelopment of highly active, robust electrocatalysts to accelerate the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial and challenging for the practical application of metal‐air batteries. In this effort, a novel and facile self‐jet vapor‐phase growth approach is developed, from which highly dispersive FeNi alloy nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) grown on a cotton pad (FeNi@NCNT‐CP) can be fabricated. The as‐prepared FeNi@NCNT‐CP clusters exhibit superior bifunctional catalytic activity, with a high half‐wave potential of 0.85 V toward ORR and a low potential of 1.59 V at 10 mA cm−2 toward OER. Specifically, owing to the synergistic effects of FeNi alloy NPs and NCNT, FeNi@NCNT‐CP clusters deliver excellent stability, demonstrating a small potential gap of 0.73 V between ORR and OER after operation for 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, FeNi@NCNT‐CP serves as a cost‐effective, superior catalyst for the cathode of a rechargeable Zn‐air battery, outperforming a catalyst mixture of expensive Pt/C and IrO2. FeNi@NCNT‐CP provides a maximum power density of 200 mW cm−2 and a cycling stability of up to 250 h. This contribution provides new prospects to prepare non‐noble electrocatalysts for metal‐air battery cathodes.
Antiblocking Heterostructure to Accelerate Kinetic Process for Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Sun Dianding , Liu Kunhong , Hu Junping , Zhou Jisheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHeterostructures are attracting increasing attention in the field of sodium‐ion batteries. However, it is still unclear whether any two monophase components can be used to construct a high‐performance heterostructure for sodium‐ion batteries, as well as the kind of heterostructures that can boost electrochemical performances. In this study, based on classical semiconductor theories on antiblocking and blocking interfaces, attempts are made to answer the abovementioned queries. For this purpose, NiTe2–ZnTe antiblocking and CoTe2–ZnTe blocking heterostructures are synthesized through a bimetal‐hexamine framework‐derived strategy. The NiTe2–ZnTe antiblocking heterostructure exhibits excellent high‐rate and cycling performances, while the CoTe2–ZnTe blocking heterostructure performs poorly, even compared to their monophase components. Further, kinetic measurements and theoretical calculation confirm that antiblocking heterointerfaces can boost Na‐ion diffusion efficiency and decrease the diffusion barrier, which can be attributed to the highly conductive antiblocking heterointerfaces generated due to electron transfer from NiTe2 to ZnTe. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective to design heterostructures more efficiently, with significantly better Na‐ion storage performance.
Crystal engineering of porous coordination networks for C3 hydrocarbon separation
Authors: Gao Mei‐Yan , Song Bai‐Qiao , Sensharma Debobroto , Zaworotko Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractC3 hydrocarbons (HCs), especially propylene and propane, are high‐volume products of the chemical industry as they are utilized for the production of fuels, polymers, and chemical commodities. Demand for C3 HCs as chemical building blocks is increasing but obtaining them in sufficient purity (>99.95%) for polymer and chemical processes requires economically and energetically costly methods such as cryogenic distillation. Adsorptive separations using porous coordination networks (PCNs) could offer an energy‐efficient alternative to current technologies for C3 HC purification because of the lower energy footprint of sorbent separations for recycling versus alternatives such as distillation, solvent extraction, and chemical transformation. In this review, we address how the structural modularity of porous PCNs makes them amenable to crystal engineering that in turn enables control over pore size, shape, and chemistry. We detail how control over pore structure has enabled PCN sorbents to offer benchmark performance for C3 separations thanks to several distinct mechanisms, each of which is highlighted. We also discuss the major challenges and opportunities that remain to be addressed before the commercial development of PCNs as advanced sorbents for C3 separation becomes viable.
Spin-locality of η2 and $$ {\overline{\eta}}^2 $$ quartic higher-spin vertices
Authors: Didenko V. E. , Gelfond O. A. , Korybut A. V. , Vasiliev M. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Higher-spin theory contains a complex coupling parameter η. Different higher-spin vertices are associated with different powers of η and its complex conjugate $$ \overline{\eta} $$

η
¯

. Using Z-dominance Lemma of [1], that controls spin-locality of the higher-spin equations, we show that the third-order contribution to the zero-form B(Z; Y; K) admits a Z-dominated form that leads to spin-local vertices in the η2 and $$ {\overline{\eta}}^2 $$

η
¯

2

sectors of the higher-spin equations. These vertices include, in particular, the η2 and $$ {\overline{\eta}}^2 $$

η
¯

2

parts of the ϕ4 scalar field vertex.
Relations between elliptic modular graphs
Authors: Basu Anirban 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We consider certain elliptic modular graph functions that arise in the asymptotic expansion around the non-separating node of genus two string invariants that appear in the integrand of the D8ℛ4 interaction in the low momentum expansion of the four graviton amplitude in type II superstring theory. These elliptic modular graphs have links given by the Green function, as well its holomorphic and anti-holomorphic derivatives. Using appropriate auxiliary graphs at various intermediate stages of the analysis, we show that each graph can be expressed solely in terms of graphs with links given only by the Green function and not its derivatives. This results in a reduction in the number of basis elements in the space of elliptic modular graphs.
Ferumoxytol-enhanced MR imaging for differentiating intrapancreatic splenules from other tumors
Authors: Muehler M. R. , Rendell V. R. , Bergmann L. L. , Winslow E. R. , Reeder S. B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Ferumoxytol is an ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) agent that is taken up by splenic tissue. This study describes our initial institutional experience of ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI (feMRI) for differentiating intrapancreatic splenules (IPS) from other pancreatic lesions.

Methods
In this retrospective study, patients with computed tomographic imaging that identified small enhancing lesions in the tail of the pancreas subsequently underwent feMRI for further characterization. The feMRI protocol included T2-weighted (T2w) imaging with and without fat suppression (FS), R2* mapping, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and T1-weighted (T1w) imaging with FS, prior to contrast injection. Immediately after slow intravenous infusion with 3 mg/kg body weight ferumoxytol, T1w was repeated. Delayed imaging with all sequences were obtained 24–72 h after ferumoxytol administration.

Results
Seven patients underwent feMRI. In two patients, the pancreatic lesions were presumed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) from feMRI and in the remaining 5 IPS. One of the two patients with PNET was symptomatic for NET. In another symptomatic patient with pathologically proven duodenal NET and suspected PNET, the pancreatic lesion was proven to be an IPS on feMRI. IPS demonstrated strong negative enhancement in feMRI on T2w and increased R2* values consistent with splenic tissue, while the presumed PNETs did not enhance. T2w FS was helpful on the pre-contrast images to identify IPS, while R2* did on post-contrast images. Neither DWI nor T1w contributed to differentiating PNETs from IPS.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the potential utility of feMRI as a helpful adjunct diagnostic tool for differentiating IPS from other pancreatic lesions. Further studies in larger patient cohorts are needed.
Improving the trustworthiness of findings from nutrition evidence syntheses: assessing risk of bias and rating the certainty of evidence
Authors: Schwingshackl Lukas , Schünemann Holger J. , Meerpohl Joerg J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSuboptimal diet is recognized as a leading modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Non-randomized studies (NRSs) with patient relevant outcomes provide many insights into diet–disease relationships. Dietary guidelines are based predominantly on findings from systematic reviews of NRSs—mostly prospective observational studies, despite that these have been repeatedly criticized for yielding potentially less trustworthy results than randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It is assumed that these are a result of bias due to prevalent-user designs, inappropriate comparators, residual confounding, and measurement error. In this article, we aim to highlight the importance of applying risk of bias (RoB) assessments in nutritional studies to improve the credibility of evidence of systematic reviews. First, we discuss the importance and challenges of dietary RCTs and NRSs, and provide reasons for potentially less trustworthy results of dietary studies. We describe currently used tools for RoB assessment (Cochrane RoB, and ROBINS-I), describe the importance of rigorous RoB assessment in dietary studies and provide examples that further the understanding of the key issues to overcome in nutrition research. We then illustrate, by comparing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach with current approaches used by United States Department of Agriculture Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and the World Cancer Research Fund, how to establish trust in dietary recommendations. Our overview shows that the GRADE approach provides more transparency about the single domains for grading the certainty of the evidence and the strength of recommendations. Despite not increasing the certainty of evidence itself, we expect that the rigorous application of the Cochrane RoB and the ROBINS-I tools within systematic reviews of both RCTs and NRSs and their integration within the GRADE approach will strengthen the credibility of dietary recommendations.
Diversity and sexual dimorphism in the head lateral line system in North Sea populations of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae)
Authors: Ahnelt Harald , Ramler David , Madsen Maria Ø. , Jensen Lasse F. , Windhager Sonja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mechanosensory lateral line of fishes is a flow sensing system and supports a number of behaviors, e.g. prey detection, schooling or position holding in water currents. Differences in the neuromast pattern of this sensory system reflect adaptation to divergent ecological constraints. The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is known for its ecological plasticity resulting in three major ecotypes, a marine type, a migrating anadromous type and a resident freshwater type. We provide the first comparative study of the pattern of the head lateral line system of North Sea populations representing these three ecotypes including a brackish spawning population. We found no distinct difference in the pattern of the head lateral line system between the three ecotypes but significant differences in neuromast numbers. The anadromous and the brackish populations had distinctly less neuromasts than their freshwater and marine conspecifics. This difference in neuromast number between marine and anadromous threespine stickleback points to differences in swimming behavior. We also found sexual dimorphism in neuromast number with males having more neuromasts than females in the anadromous, brackish and the freshwater populations. But no such dimorphism occurred in the marine population. Our results suggest that the head lateral line of the three ecotypes is under divergent hydrodynamic constraints. Additionally, sexual dimorphism points to divergent niche partitioning of males and females in the anadromous and freshwater but not in the marine populations. Our findings imply careful sampling as an important prerequisite to discern especially between anadromous and marine threespine sticklebacks.
Preparation and spectroscopic characterization of lyophilized Mo nitrogenase
Authors: Van Stappen Casey , Decamps Laure , DeBeer Serena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mo nitrogenase is the primary source of biologically fixed nitrogen, making this system highly interesting for developing new, energy efficient ways of ammonia production. Although heavily investigated, studies of the active site of this enzyme have generally been limited to spectroscopic methods that are compatible with the presence of water and relatively low protein concentrations. One method of overcoming this limitation is through lyophilization, which allows for measurements to be performed on solvent free, high concentration samples. This method also has the potential for allowing efficient protein storage and solvent exchange. To investigate the viability of this preparatory method with Mo nitrogenase, we employ a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance, Mo and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and acetylene reduction assays. Our results show that while some small distortions in the metallocofactors occur, oxidation and spin states are maintained through the lyophilization process and that reconstitution of either lyophilized protein component into buffer restores acetylene reducing activity.

Graphic abstract
A Performance Evaluation of Classic Convolutional Neural Networks for 2D and 3D Palmprint and Palm Vein Recognition
Authors: Jia Wei , Gao Jian , Xia Wei , Zhao Yang , Min Hai , Lu Jing-Ting 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPalmprint recognition and palm vein recognition are two emerging biometrics technologies. In the past two decades, many traditional methods have been proposed for palmprint recognition and palm vein recognition, and have achieved impressive results. However, the research on deep learning-based palmprint recognition and palm vein recognition is still very preliminary. In this paper, in order to investigate the problem of deep learning based 2D and 3D palmprint recognition and palm vein recognition in-depth, we conduct performance evaluation of seventeen representative and classic convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on one 3D palmprint database, five 2D palmprint databases and two palm vein databases. A lot of experiments have been carried out in the conditions of different network structures, different learning rates, and different numbers of network layers. We have also conducted experiments on both separate data mode and mixed data mode. Experimental results show that these classic CNNs can achieve promising recognition results, and the recognition performance of recently proposed CNNs is better. Particularly, among classic CNNs, one of the recently proposed classic CNNs, i.e., EfficientNet achieves the best recognition accuracy. However, the recognition performance of classic CNNs is still slightly worse than that of some traditional recognition methods.