bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucormycosis at a tertiary‐care center in Mexico. A 35‐year retrospective study of 214 cases
Authors: Bonifaz Alexandro , Tirado‐Sánchez Andrés , Hernández‐Medel María L. , Araiza Javier , Kassack Juan J. , del Angel‐Arenas Teresa , Moisés‐Hernández Jorge F. , Paredes‐Farrera Fernando , Gómez‐Apo Erick , Treviño‐Rangel Rogelio de J. , González Gloria M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMucormycosis is a rare, invasive disease associated with high mortality rates, produced by opportunistic pathogens related to the Mucorales order and characterised by a diverse range of clinical forms; acute rhino‐orbital‐cerebral and pulmonary symptoms are the most reported ones.ObjectivesTo report the experience of mucormycosis observed in a tertiary‐care hospital in Mexico for 35 years.MethodsThis was a retrospective, descriptive and observational study on mucormycosis at a tertiary‐care hospital in Mexico from January 1985 to December 2019. Demographic and clinical data and mycological and histopathological records were selected.ResultsTwo hundred fourteen proven cases of mucormycosis for 35 years at a tertiary‐care hospital in Mexico were included. Most of the cases were male patients with a median age of 45 years. The two most associated underlying diseases were diabetes mellitus (76.6%) and haematologic malignancy (15.4%). The three primary clinical forms were as follows: rhino‐orbito‐cerebral (75.9%), cutaneous (8.41%) and pulmonary (7.47%) mucormycosis. The most isolated agents were Rhizopus arrhizus (58.4%) and Lichtheimia corymbifera (12.3%). The overall therapeutic response was 58.5%, and the best response was observed with amphotericin B deoxycholate and surgical debridement.ConclusionMucormycosis is an emerging disease, and its incidence has increased at our hospital over the years. In this study, the rhino‐cerebral clinical type was the most frequent in patients with uncontrolled diabetes; the main aetiological agent was R. arrhizus. Early diagnosis, control of the underlying disease and prompt management may increase the survival rate.
Postoperative ileus—An ongoing conundrum
Authors: Wattchow David , Heitmann Paul , Smolilo David , Spencer Nick J. , Parker Dominic , Hibberd Timothy , Brookes Simon S. J. , Dinning Phil G. , Costa Marcello 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus is common and is a major clinical problem. It has been widely studied in patients and in experimental models in laboratory animals. A wide variety of treatments have been tested to prevent or modify the course of this disorder.PurposeThis review draws together information on animal studies of ileus with studies on human patients. It summarizes some of the conceptual advances made in understanding the mechanisms that underlie paralytic ileus. The treatments that have been tested in human subjects (both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological) and their efficacy are summarized and graded consistent with current clinical guidelines. The review is not intended to provide a comprehensive overview of ileus, but rather a general understanding of the major clinical problems associated with it, how animal models have been useful to elucidate key mechanisms and, finally, some perspectives from both scientists and clinicians as to how we may move forward with this debilitating yet common condition.
Characterization of alternating neurogenic motor patterns in mouse colon
Authors: Costa Marcello , Keightley Lauren J. , Hibberd Timothy J. , Wiklendt Lukasz , Smolilo David J. , Dinning Phil G. , Brookes Simon J. , Spencer Nick J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundColonic motor complexes (CMCs) have been widely recorded in the large intestine of vertebrates. We have investigated whether in the smooth muscle, a single unified pattern of electrical activity, or different patterns of electrical activity give rise to the different neurogenic patterns of motility underlying CMCs in vitro.MethodsTo study differences of the CMCs between proximal and distal colon, we used a novel combination of techniques to simultaneously record muscle diameter and force at multiple sites along the whole mouse colon ex vivo. In addition, electrical activity of smooth muscle was recorded by suction electrodes.Key ResultsTwo distinct types of CMCs were distinguished; CMCs that propagated along the entire colon (complete CMC) and CMCs which were restricted to the proximal colon (incomplete CMC). The two types of CMC often occurred in the same preparations. Incomplete CMCs had longer bursts of smooth muscle action potentials than complete CMCs and propagated more slowly. Interestingly, both types of CMC were associated with similar frequency bursts of smooth muscle action potentials at ~2.4 Hz. In the most proximal colon, an additional firing frequency was detected close to ~7 Hz generating multiple peaks within each CMC.Conclusions & InferencesWe report distinct characteristics underlying complete and incomplete CMCs in isolated mouse colon. Recognizing these distinct patterns of motility will be important for future interpretation of analysis of murine colonic motility recordings. The identification of alternating patterns of motor activity in proximal colon, but not distal colon may reflect specific neural mechanisms for fecal pellet formation.
Cleavage of a pathogen apoplastic protein by plant subtilases activates host immunity
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Xing Rongkang , Wang Yan , Shu Haidong , Fu Shenggui , Huang Jie , Paulus Judith K. , Schuster Mariana , Saunders Diane G. O. , Win Joe , Vleeshouwers Vivianne , Wang Yuanchao , Zheng Xiaobo , van der Hoorn Renier A.L. , Dong Suomeng 
Published: November 2020

Summary

The plant apoplast is a harsh environment in which hydrolytic enzymes, especially proteases, accumulate during pathogen infection. However, the defense functions of most apoplastic proteases remain largely elusive.

We show here that a newly identified small cysteine‐rich secreted protein PC2 from the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans induces immunity in Solanum plants only after cleavage by plant apoplastic subtilisin‐like proteases, such as tomato P69B.

A minimal 61 amino acid core peptide carrying two key cysteines, conserved widely in most oomycete species, is sufficient for PC2‐induced cell death. Furthermore, we showed that Kazal‐like protease inhibitors, such as EPI1, produced by P. infestans prevent PC2 cleavage and dampen PC2 elicited host immunity.

This study reveals that cleavage of pathogen proteins to release immunogenic peptides is an important function of plant apoplastic proteases.
Arabidopsis SnRK1 negatively regulates phenylpropanoid metabolism via Kelch domain‐containing F‐box proteins
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhao Xianhai , Zhao Yunjun , Shanklin John , Zhao Qiao , Liu Chang‐Jun 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Phenylpropanoid metabolism represents a substantial metabolic sink for photosynthetically fixed carbon. The evolutionarily conserved Sucrose Non‐Fermenting Related Kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a major metabolic sensor that reprograms metabolism upon carbon deprivation. However, it is not clear if and how the SnRK1‐mediated sugar signaling pathway controls phenylpropanoid metabolism.

Here, we show that Arabidopsis SnRK1 negatively regulates phenylpropanoid biosynthesis via a group of Kelch domain‐containing F‐box (KFB) proteins that are responsible for the ubiquitination and degradation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL).

Downregulation of AtSnRK1 significantly promoted the accumulation of soluble phenolics and lignin polymers and drastically increased PAL cellular accumulation but only slightly altered its transcription level. Co‐expression of SnRK1α with PAL in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in the severe attenuation of the latter’s protein level, but protein interaction assays suggested PAL is not a direct substrate of SnRK1. Furthermore, up or downregulation of AtSnRK1 positively affected KFBPALs gene expression, and energy starvation upregulated KFBPAL expression, which partially depends on AtSnRK1.

Collectively, our study reveals that SnRK1 negatively regulates phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and KFBPALs act as regulatory components of the SnRK1 signaling network, transcriptionally regulated by SnRK1 and subsequently mediate proteasomal degradation of PAL in response to the cellular carbon availability.
Innate promiscuity of the CYP706 family of P450 enzymes provides a suitable context for the evolution of dinitroaniline resistance in weed
Authors: Abdollahi Fatemeh , Alebrahim Mohammad Taghi , Ngov Chheng , Lallemand Etienne , Zheng Yongxiang , Villette Claire , Zumsteg Julie , André François , Navrot Nicolas , Werck‐Reichhart Danièle , Miesch Laurence 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIncreased metabolism is one of the main causes for evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds, a major challenge for sustainable food production. The molecular drivers of this evolution are poorly understood. We tested here the hypothesis that a suitable context for the emergence of herbicide resistance could be provided by plant enzymes with high innate promiscuity with regard to their natural substrates.A selection of yeast‐expressed plant cytochrome P450 enzymes with well documented narrow to broad promiscuity when metabolizing natural substrates was tested for herbicide metabolism competence. The positive candidate was assayed for capacity to confer herbicide tolerance inArabidopsis thaliana.Our data demonstrate thatArabidopsis thalianaCYP706A3, with the most promiscuous activity on monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes for flower defence, can also oxidize plant microtubule assembly inhibitors, dinitroanilines. Ectopic overexpression ofCYP706A3confers dinitroaniline resistance. We show, in addition, that the capacity to metabolize dinitroanilines is shared by other members of the CYP706 family from plants as diverse as eucalyptus and cedar.Supported by three‐dimensional (3D) modelling of CYP706A3, the properties of enzyme active site and substrate access channel are discussed together with the shared physicochemical properties of the natural and exogenous substrates to explain herbicide metabolism.
Unmet medical needs in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in infants: An Expert consensus on safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus
Authors: Luger Thomas , Augustin Matthias , Lambert Julien , Paul Carle , Pincelli Carlo , Torrelo Antonio , Vestergaard Christian , Wahn Ulrich , Werfel Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease during infancy, which imposes a considerable burden on patients, their families, and the society, requiring effective treatment options that result in rapid and sustained symptom relief. Additionally, early treatment may prevent the development of atopic comorbidities by restoring the skin barrier. Currently, topical standard‐of‐care for AD in infants includes emollients and topical corticosteroids (TCS) to treat and reduce the risk of flares. However, only few have been approved for infants and long‐term maintenance therapy with TCS is not indicated due to potential local and systemic side effects, including skin atrophy. Accordingly, the recently updated European guidelines for treatment of AD recommend topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) for long‐term use, treatment of sensitive skin areas, and for use in the pediatric population. Evidence on the use of TCIs for infants has almost been exclusively collected for pimecrolimus, with >4000 infants evaluated in clinical trials, consistently confirming that pimecrolimus is a safe and effective treatment for infants with AD. Nevertheless, its use is still restricted in most countries to children above the age of 2 years due to initial and mostly theoretical safety concerns. Based on a careful review of the available evidence of clinical trials, post‐marketing surveillance, and epidemiological studies, an Expert Panel of European dermatologists and pediatric allergologists concluded that these safety concerns are no longer valid. Therefore, pimecrolimus offers a safe and effective alternative to TCS in infants aged 3 months and above, and labeling restrictions in this age group are no longer justified.
Population genetic structure of four regional populations of the barley pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata in Iran is characterized by high genetic diversity and sexual recombination
Authors: Vasighzadeh Asieh , Sharifnabi Bahram , Javan‐Nikkhah Mohammad , Seifollahi Elaheh , Landermann‐Habetha Doreen , Feurtey Alice , Holtgrewe‐Stukenbrock Eva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe leaf spot form of the barley disease net blotch, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (PTM), is an increasingly important foliar disease of barley. Studies of population genetic structure and reproductive mode are necessary to make predictions of the evolutionary potential of the pathogen. Sources of resistance to PTM have been found in Iranian landraces, which may have the potential to improve plant breeding efforts. However, little is known about the population genetic structure of this fungus in Iran. In this study, we analysed the frequency of the mating type genes to assess the potential for sexual mating of PTM collected from four provinces—Khuzestan, Hamadan, Golestan, and East Azerbaijan—and we investigated the population genetic structure using seven simple sequence repeat markers. High genotype diversity, linkage equilibrium, and equal ratios of mating types frequencies in the PTM populations at Khuzestan and Hamadan support the occurrence of sexual reproduction in these populations, while in Golestan and East Azerbaijan populations, significant gametic disequilibrium and relatively low genotype diversity suggest a higher incidence of clonality or different demographic histories. Unequal mating type frequencies in Golestan confirm a predominance of asexual reproduction. Finally, we found significant evidence for strong population structure with most of the genetic variation represented within regional populations (89%). Overall, our study provides evidence for high genetic variation in Iranian PTM populations, which may be the basis for rapid adaptive evolution in this pathosystem. This highlights the need for integrated efforts to control the disease.
Spatial perspectives on labor and social movements: Multidisciplinary dialogues and dilemmas
Authors: Roca Beltrán , Díaz‐Parra Iban 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the study of the spatiality of labor and social movements. It describes how the dialogue between social movement research and critical labor studies has enriched our understanding of the spatiality of social conflict. It begins with a description of the theoretical approaches and research interests that arose in the 1980s as a reaction against Marxist and structuralist perspectives; specifically, New Social Movement theory, drawing on constructivist and poststructuralist approaches and the local and community turn in labor studies. In the second part, the article reviews several works that in recent years have developed new approaches to the spatiality of labor and social movements that pay attention to agency, multiscalarity, and the manifold dimensions of space. The article explores how important developments in social movement research and labor studies have nourished from the intersections of both fields of inquiry.
Standardization of post‐operative antimicrobials reduced exposure while maintaining good outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Bio Laura L. , Schwenk Hayden T. , Chen Sharon F. , Conlon Sarah , Gallo Amy , Bonham Clark Andy , Gans Hayley A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfections following orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) result in significant morbidity and mortality, warranting careful consideration of risks associated with antibiotic overuse and benefits of infection prevention. In the absence of specific guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in pediatric OLT, we developed a standardized approach to post‐operative (post‐op) antimicrobial therapy including 48 hours of antibiotics, no vancomycin for post‐op fever within the first 48 hours, and caspofungin only for certain situations. The goal was to reduce antimicrobial utilization and adverse outcomes associated with longer duration of and broader treatment while maintaining good outcomes. The impact of this standardization on antimicrobial utilization and clinical outcomes at the largest pediatric liver transplant center in the United States is described. All individuals receiving an OLT from 1/1/17‐9/30/17 (N = 38) and 3/14/18‐12/13/18 (N = 27) were included in the pre‐intervention (PreI) and post‐intervention (PostI) groups, respectively. The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in individuals receiving post‐op broad‐spectrum gram‐negative antibiotics for >48 hours (76% PreI vs 44% PostI OLT recipients,P = .01) and post‐op vancomycin use (50% PreI, vs 7.4% PostI,P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for post‐op fever, positive pre‐/post‐operative cultures, receipt of massive transfusion, or hospital length of stay. In conclusion, following the implementation of a standardized approach to post‐op prophylaxis, antimicrobial exposure was significantly reduced without affecting OLT recipient outcomes.
Quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
Authors: Gil-González Irene , Martín-Rodríguez Agustín , Conrad Rupert , Pérez-San-Gregorio María Ángeles 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveIn recent years, quality of life (QoL) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been gaining considerable importance in clinical research and practice. Against this backdrop, this systematic review aimed to provide a broad overview of clinical, sociodemographic and psychosocial risk and protective factors for QoL in adults with MS and analyse psychological interventions for improving QoL.MethodThe literature search was conducted in the Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest electronic databases. Document type was limited to articles written in English, published from January 1, 2014, to January 31, 2019. Information from the selected articles was extracted using a coding sheet and then qualitatively synthesised.ResultsThe search identified 4886 records. After duplicate removal and screening, 106 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and were assessed for study quality. Disability, fatigue, depression, cognitive impairment and unemployment were consistently identified as QoL risk factors, whereas higher self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience and social support proved to be protective. The review analysed a wide spectrum of approaches for QoL psychological intervention, such as mindfulness, cognitive behavioural therapy, self-help groups and self-management. The majority of interventions were successful in improving various aspects of QoL.ConclusionAdequate biopsychosocial assessment is of vital importance to treat risk and promote protective factors to improve QoL in patients with MS in general care practice.
Protocol for PD SENSORS: Parkinson’s Disease Symptom Evaluation in a Naturalistic Setting producing Outcome measuRes using SPHERE technology. An observational feasibility study of multi-modal multi-sensor technology to measure symptoms and activities of daily living in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Craddock Ian , Tonkin Emma L , Kinnunen Kirsi M , McNaney Roisin , Whitehouse Sam , Mirmehdi Majid , Heidarivincheh Farnoosh , McConville Ryan , Carey Julia , Horne Alison , Rolinski Michal , Rochester Lynn , Maetzler Walter , Matthews Helen , Watson Oliver , Eardley Rachel , Whone Alan L 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe impact of disease-modifying agents on disease progression in Parkinson’s disease is largely assessed in clinical trials using clinical rating scales. These scales have drawbacks in terms of their ability to capture the fluctuating nature of symptoms while living in a naturalistic environment. The SPHERE (Sensor Platform for HEalthcare in a Residential Environment) project has designed a multi-sensor platform with multimodal devices designed to allow continuous, relatively inexpensive, unobtrusive sensing of motor, non-motor and activities of daily living metrics in a home or a home-like environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the SPHERE technology can measure aspects of Parkinson’s disease.Methods and analysisThis is a small-scale feasibility and acceptability study during which 12 pairs of participants (comprising a person with Parkinson’s and a healthy control participant) will stay and live freely for 5 days in a home-like environment embedded with SPHERE technology including environmental, appliance monitoring, wrist-worn accelerometry and camera sensors. These data will be collected alongside clinical rating scales, participant diary entries and expert clinician annotations of colour video images. Machine learning will be used to look for a signal to discriminate between Parkinson’s disease and control, and between Parkinson’s disease symptoms ‘on’ and ‘off’ medications. Additional outcome measures including bradykinesia, activity level, sleep parameters and some activities of daily living will be explored. Acceptability of the technology will be evaluated qualitatively using semi-structured interviews.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been given to commence this study; the results will be disseminated as widely as appropriate.
Heterogeneity in Danish lung choirs and their singing leaders: delivery, approach, and experiences: a survey-based study
Authors: Kaasgaard Mette , Andersen Ingrid Charlotte , Rasmussen Daniel Bech , Hilberg Ole , Løkke Anders , Vuust Peter , Bodtger Uffe 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesSinging is considered a beneficial leisure time intervention for people with respiratory diseases, and lung choirs have gained increasing attention. However, there is no available guideline on preferred methodology, and hence, outcomes, delivery, and benefits are unclear. The present study investigated for the first time ever emerged delivery, approach, and experiences in Danish lung choirs and their singing leaders, hypothesising the array to be heterogeneous, without disease-specific approach, and a challenging field to navigate for the singing leaders.SettingAn online survey comprising 25 questions was performed individually, May 2017, in Denmark.ParticipantsCurrent singing leaders of Danish lung choirs, identified by hand searches on the internet. In total, 33 singing leaders in formal and informal settings were identified and 20 (67%) responded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDistribution in content, delivery, and approach; level of disease-specific knowledge and modification; experience of challenges and benefits. Quantitative variables were counted, and an inductive content analysis approach was used for the qualitative study component.ResultsThe lung choirs were heterogeneous concerning setting, duration, and content. The approach was traditional without disease-specific content or physical activity. Most singing leaders held various academic degrees in music, but lacked skills in lung diseases. However, they experienced lung choirs as a highly meaningful activity, and reported that participants benefited both musically, psychosocially, and physically. Singing leaders were enthusiastic regarding potentials in the ‘arts-and-health’ cross-field and experienced an expansion of their role and overall purpose, professionally as well as personally. However, they also experienced insecurity, inadequacy, and isolation, and requested methodological guidelines, formal support, and peer network.ConclusionDanish lung choirs are led without any disease-specific guideline or methodological approach. Further studies are needed to develop and distribute a preferred methodological approach.Trial registration numberThis study is linked to clinical trial number NCT03280355 and was performed prior to data collection and results of the clinical trial