bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved numerical solutions of nonlinear oscillatory systems
Authors: Kaunda Modify A. E. 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYWe consider numerical solutions of nonlinear oscillatory systems where closed‐form solutions do not exist. Such systems occur in buckling of columns, electrical oscillations of circuits containing inductance with an iron core, and vibration of mechanical systems with nonlinear restoring forces. We have improved the accuracy, stability, and speed of the generalized Newmark scheme of Zienkiewicz and Taylor using one‐step multiple‐value algorithms. Previously, a Laplace transform‐based method was developed to determine initial conditions of higher order derivatives of predictor algorithms together with the corrector algorithms cast in form of higher order Newton‐Raphson schemes, which are considered as consistent tangent operators that preserve quadratic rate of asymptotic convergence characteristics. For convenience, algorithms are applied to the solution of the van der Pol and Duffing's equations to show the concepts, but the procedures can also be applied to other systems such as the Bouc's, Coulomb's, and Mathieu equations. Comparisons are carried out regarding speed, accuracy, and stability, of results from the Runge‐Kutta and one‐step multiple‐value methods with remainder (truncation error) terms, previously not considered. Results compare favorably. A system of two‐degrees of freedom is also covered to illustrate how to extend the methods to deal with multiple‐degree of freedom systems.
Applying multivariate methods to dental development sequences for subadults from archaeological samples
Authors: Brachetta‐Aporta Natalia , D'Addona Lucas Andrés 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDentition has been traditionally used to estimate the age of subadults from archaeological samples. However, age estimations face some difficulties related to the factors that affect tooth preservation and the lack of standards with adequate references for past populations. Moreover, the differences within and among populations associated with the origin of the population, the sex of the individuals, and other factors make it difficult to develop standards in samples with no adequate references. The aim of this work was to explore a procedure that allows sequencing individuals according to their degree of dental development by employing simultaneously the information available of the target individual and the rest of the sample. The information of dental development as well as post‐mortem tooth loss was recorded in computed tomography images and by macroscopic examination in subadults from two archaeological samples from South America. Then, we performed a multiple imputation to estimate the degree of development of missing teeth and carried out a principal component analysis for summarizing the information of the formation of permanent teeth. The first principal component was used to obtain a dental development score and to establish a continuous sequence of the individuals on the basis of their degree of dental maturation. Our results show that multivariate analysis can be applied for ordering individuals according a sequence of maturation in archaeological studies, even in the presence of post‐mortem tooth loss. Furthermore, multivariate methods allow to evaluate the contribution of each tooth to maturation sequences. As a whole, the procedure proposed here is a promissory tool for cases where the use of chronological age sequences built from nonpopulation‐specific standard can lead to misrepresentations of data.
Upregulation of Cisd2 attenuates Alzheimer's‐related neuronal loss in mice
Authors: Chen Yi‐Fan , Chou Tzu‐Yu , Lin I‐Hsuan , Chen Chung‐Guang , Kao Cheng‐Heng , Huang Guo‐Jen , Chen Liang‐Kung , Wang Pei‐Ning , Lin Ching‐Po , Tsai Ting‐Fen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCDGSH iron–sulfur domain‐containing protein 2 (Cisd2), a protein that declines in an age‐dependent manner, mediates lifespan in mammals. Cisd2 deficiency causes accelerated aging and shortened lifespan, whereas persistent expression of Cisd2 promotes longevity in mice. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of senile dementia and is without an effective therapeutic strategy. We investigated whether Cisd2 upregulation is able to ameliorate amyloid β (Aβ) toxicity and prevent neuronal loss using an AD mouse model. Our study makes three major discoveries. First, using the AD mouse model (APP/PS1 double transgenic mice), the dosage of Cisd2 appears to modulate the severity of AD phenotypes. Cisd2 overexpression (∼two‐fold) significantly promoted survival and alleviated the pathological defects associated with AD. Conversely, Cisd2 deficiency accelerated AD pathogenesis. Secondly, Cisd2 overexpression protected against Aβ‐mediated mitochondrial damage and attenuated loss of neurons and neuronal progenitor cells. Finally, an increase in Cisd2 shifted the expression profiles of a panel of genes that are dysregulated by AD toward the patterns observed in wild‐type mice. These findings highlight Cisd2‐based therapies as a potential disease‐modifying strategy for AD. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A study on efficient microbial biodegradation of cellulose based jute composite
Authors: Dey Aparna , Jali Pallavi , Behera Ajaya K. , Das Anath B. , Pradhan Chinmay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNonbiodegradability and land pollution are the prime factor for choosing biodegradable composite over thermoplastic based composite. As most of the synthetic polymers are nonbiodegradable in nature, hence, their derived composites are losing interest in composite market. In this work, we developed jute fortified bio‐composite utilizing soy milk as the framework material and glutaraldehyde as cross linking component. Mechanical strength of the composites was measured through elasticity (tensile) and transverse rupture (flexural) strength. Characterization of optimized composites by FTIR and FE‐SEM were carried out. Microbial culture system and soil burry methods were used to study biodegradation of the developed composites. Effect of different environmental condition on degradation of composites was evaluated and reported. The most worthwhile significance of these composites is the biodegradation property of its constituents, and can be a superior swap for nonbiodegradable polymer resin based fiber composite. The feasible utilization of this composite is in automobile division, indoor furnishings, cutlery, packaging units, electronic sectors, and so on.
Effect of conductivity transportation from carbon nanotubes (CNT) to polymer matrix surrounding CNT on the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Y. , Park Soo‐J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, the interphase thickness in polymer carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites (PCNT) is correlated to CNT radius and the extent of conductivity transportation from CNT to polymer matrix surrounding the CNT (K). In addition, CNT properties and “K” are applied to suggest the simple equations for percolation threshold and the fraction of networked CNT. A simple model is developed to predict the conductivity of PCNT assuming CNT size, “K” and tunneling resistance. The impacts of different parameters on the interphase thickness, percolation threshold, the fraction of networked CNT, and the conductivity of nanocomposites are studied and many experimental results are used to confirm the predictions. Thin and large CNT as well as high “K” cause low percolation threshold, large conductive networks and desirable conductivity in nanocomposites. Moreover, high tunneling resistivity and large tunneling distance negatively affect the conductivity, but the exceptional CNT conductivity is ineffective. The reasonable roles of all parameters in the predicted conductivity and the fine agreement between predictions and experimental results confirm the developed model.
Photovoltaic defect classification through thermal infrared imaging using a machine learning approach
Authors: Dunderdale Christopher , Brettenny Warren , Clohessy Chantelle , van Dyk E. Ernest 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examines a deep learning and feature‐based approach for the purpose of detecting and classifying defective photovoltaic modules using thermal infrared images in a South African setting. The VGG‐16 and MobileNet models are shown to provide good performance for the classification of defects. The scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptor, combined with a random forest classifier, is used to identify defective photovoltaic modules. The implementation of this approach has potential for cost reduction in defect classification over current methods.
Mitigation pathways toward sustainable development: Is there any trade‐off between environmental regulation and carbon emissions reduction?
Authors: Danish  , Ulucak Recep , Khan Salah Ud‐Din , Baloch Muhammad Awais , Li Nan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe income and pollution relationship is widely debated in the literature, but income alone cannot control emissions, and that requires environmental regulation measures. Even though weak environmental regulations may offset market failures caused by negative externality of pollution, investigation of their role in the control of environmental pollution is of prime importance. To better understand the role of environmental regulations in carbon emissions mitigation, this study takes a step to offers a new perspective on the role of environmental regulations in pollution reduction for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. To this end, the study employs panel data econometric tools for data spanning from 1995 to 2016. Besides, the study conducts fully modified ordinary least squares estimator to get country‐wise results. Empirical results confirm the positive role of environmental regulations in carbon emission mitigation, and the current environmental control measures are successful in achieving pollution reduction targets in the sample countries. Environmental regulations help in establishing the inverted U‐shaped relationship between income and pollution. Climate change mitigation in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries is not associated with economic development only but driven by effective environmental regulations as well.
Stem cell-directed therapies for osteoarthritis: The promise and the practice
Authors: Ng Jia , Little Christopher B. , Woods Susan , Whittle Samuel , Lee Francis Y. , Gronthos Stan , Mukherjee Siddhartha , Hunter David J. , Worthley Daniel L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of an entire synovial joint characterized by clinical symptoms and distortion of joint tissues, including cartilage, muscles, ligaments, and bone. Although OA is a disease of all joint tissues, it is a defined accessible compartment and is thus amenable to topical surgical and regenerative therapies, including stem cells. All tissues arise from stem progenitor cells, and the relative capacity of different cellular compartments, and different individuals, to renew tissues into adulthood may be important in the onset of many different degenerative diseases. OA is driven by both mechanical and inflammatory factors, but how these factors affect the proliferation and differentiation of cells into cartilage in vivo is largely unknown. Indeed, our very basic understanding of the physiological cellular kinetics and biology of the stem-progenitor cell unit of the articular cartilage, and how this is influenced by mechano-inflammatory injury, is largely unknown. OA seems, rather deceptively, to be the low-hanging fruit for stem cell therapy. Without the basic understanding of the stem cell and progenitor unit that generate and maintain articular cartilage in vivo, we will continue to waste opportunities to both prevent and manage this disease. In this review, we discuss the biology of chondrogenesis, the stem cell populations that support articular cartilage in health and disease, and future opportunities afforded through the translation of basic articular chondrocyte stem cell biology into new clinical therapies.
Nutrient and heavy metal removal from piggery wastewater and CH4 enrichment in biogas based on microalgae cultivation technology under different initial inoculum concentration
Authors: Guo Guangyong , Guan Jian , Sun Shiqing , Liu Juan , Zhao Yongjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree microalgae‐based treatment technologies were applied for removing nutrients in piggery wastewater and CO2 in biogas simultaneously. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus), and Neochloris oleoabundans (N. oleoabundans) were selected for mono‐cultivation or co‐cultivation with fungi or activated sludge. The effects of initial inoculum concentration (low of 62.06 ± 6.23 mg/L, medium of 121 ± 9.34 mg/L, and high of 180 ± 12.78 mg/L) of microalgae/algal symbiont on the pollutant removal efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that cultivation of S. obliquus with activated sludge had a relatively high CO2 and nutrients removal efficiency at a medium concentration of initial inoculum. The highest removal efficiency of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in piggery wastewater was 87.29%, 87.26%, and 90.17% by co‐cultivation of S. obliquus with activated sludge. The highest CO2 removal of 64.28% could be achieved under co‐cultivation of S. obliquus and fungi at medium initial inoculum concentrations. This work will be helpful to promote the study of microalgae‐based biogas upgrading and piggery wastewater purification.Practitioner points

Nutrient and CO2 were efficiently removed in moderate microalgal initial inoculum.

Scenedesmus obliquus‐activated sludge cultivation achieved the highest nutrient removal.

Co‐cultivation of S. obliquus and fungi showed the highest CO2 removal.

Zinc was removed efficiently in high microalgal initial inoculum.

Chlorella vulgaris/S. obliquus‐activated sludge performed economically.
Parton distribution functions from Ioffe time pseudo-distributions
Authors: Joó Bálint , Karpie Joseph , Orginos Kostas , Radyushkin Anatoly , Richards David , Zafeiropoulos Savvas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a detailed study of the unpolarized nucleon parton distribution function (PDF) employing the approach of parton pseudo-distribution func- tions. We perform a systematic analysis using three lattice ensembles at two volumes, with lattice spacingsa= 0.127 fm anda= 0.094 fm, for a pion mass of roughly 400 MeV. With two lattice spacings and two volumes, both continuum limit and infinite volume ex- trapolation systematic errors of the PDF are considered. In addition to thexdependence of the PDF, we compute their first two moments and compare them with the pertinent phenomenological determinations.
Picard-Lefschetz decomposition and Cheshire Cat resurgence in 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 field theories
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Glass Philip 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study three dimensional$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 supersymmetric abelian gauge theories with various matter contents living on a squashed sphere. In particular we focus on two problems: firstly we perform a Picard-Lefschetz decomposition of the localised path integral but, due to the absence of a topological theta angle in three dimensions, we find that steepest descent cycles do not permit us to distinguish between contributions to the path- integral coming from (would-be) different topological sectors, for example a vortex from a vortex/anti-vortex. The second problem we analyse is the truncation of all perturbative expansions. Although the partition function can be written as a transseries expansion of perturbative plus non-perturbative terms, due to the supersymmetric nature of the observable studied we have that each perturbative expansion around trivial and non-trivial saddles truncates suggesting that normal resurgence analysis cannot be directly applied. The first problem is solved by complexifying the squashing parameter, which can be thought of as introducing a chemical potential for the global U(1) rotation symmetry, or equivalently an omega deformation. This effectively introduces a hidden “topological angle” into the theory and the path integral can be now decomposed into a sum over different topological sectors via Picard-Lefschetz theory. The second problem is solved by deforming the matter content making manifest the Cheshire Cat resurgence structure of the supersymmetric theory, allowing us to reconstruct non-perturbative information from perturbative data even when these do truncate.
A landscape of AdS flux vacua
Authors: Marchesano Fernando , Quirant Joan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe analyse type IIA Calabi-Yau orientifolds with background fluxes and D6- branes. Rewriting the F-term scalar potential as a bilinear in flux-axion polynomials yields a more efficient description of the Landscape of flux vacua, as they are invariant under the discrete shift symmetries of the 4d effective theory. In particular, expressing the extremisa­ tion conditions of the scalar potential in terms of such polynomials allows for a systematic search of vacua. We classify families of = 0 Minkowski,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 AdS and$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 0 AdS flux vacua, extending previous$$ \mathcal{N} $$Nfindings in the literature to the Calabi-Yau context. We compute the spectrum of flux-induced masses for some of them and show that they are perturbatively stable, and in particular find a branch of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 0 AdS vacua where tachyons are absent. Finally, we extend this Landscape to the open string sector by including mobile D6-branes and their fluxes.
New refinements of the discrete Jensen’s inequality generated by finite or infinite permutations
Authors: Horváth László 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper some new refinements of the discrete Jensen’s inequality are obtained in real vector spaces. The idea comes from some former refinements determined by cyclic permutations. We essentially generalize and extend these results by using permutations of finite sets and bijections of the set of positive numbers. We get refinements of the discrete Jensen’s inequality for infinite convex combinations in Banach spaces. Similar results are rare. Finally, some applications are given on different topics.
Wave Propagation on Microstate Geometries
Authors: Keir Joe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSupersymmetric microstate geometries were recently conjectured (Eperon et al. in JHEP 10:031, 2016. 10.1007/JHEP10(2016)031) to be nonlinearly unstable due to numerical and heuristic evidence, based on the existence of very slowly decaying solutions to the linear wave equation on these backgrounds. In this paper, we give a thorough mathematical treatment of the linear wave equation on both two- and three-charge supersymmetric microstate geometries, finding a number of surprising results. In both cases, we prove that solutions to the wave equation have uniformly bounded local energy, despite the fact that three-charge microstates possess an ergoregion; these geometries therefore avoid Friedman’s “ergosphere instability” (Friedman in Commun Math Phys 63(3):243–255, 1978). In fact, in the three-charge case we are able to construct solutions to the wave equation with local energy that neither grows nor decays, although these data must have non-trivial dependence on the Kaluza–Klein coordinate. In the two-charge case, we construct quasimodes and use these to bound the uniform decay rate, showing that the only possible uniform decay statements on these backgrounds have very slow decay rates. We find that these decay rates are sublogarithmic, verifying the numerical results of Eperon et al. (2016). The same construction can be made in the three-charge case, and in both cases the data for the quasimodes can be chosen to have trivial dependence on the Kaluza–Klein coordinates.
Selecting the dosage of ceftazidime–avibactam in the perfect storm of nosocomial pneumonia
Authors: Das Shampa , Zhou Diansong , Nichols Wright W. , Townsend Andy , Newell Paul , Li Jianguo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Ceftazidime–avibactam is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination recently approved in Europe and the USA for the treatment of adults with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), among other indications. In the phase III REPROVE trial (NCT01808092), ceftazidime–avibactam demonstrated non-inferiority to meropenem for the treatment of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP), including VAP. As ceftazidime–avibactam was not studied in patients with NP prior to REPROVE, selecting an appropriate dosage regimen in the “perfect storm” of NP required careful consideration of potential determinants and confounders of response specific to the NP patient population.

Methods
This review describes the series of preclinical studies and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analyses that supported ceftazidime–avibactam dosage selection for patients with NP/VAP (2000/500 mg by 2-h intravenous infusion every 8 h, adjusted for renal function). In parallel, important considerations for antibiotic dosage selection in patients with NP are highlighted, including adequate drug penetration into the lungs, the suitability of murine-derived plasma PK/PD targets, evaluation of MIC distributions against clinical bacterial isolates from patients with NP, and consideration of PK in patients with NP, who are often critically ill. These analyses also supported the European approval of ceftazidime–avibactam for adults with HAP, including VAP, before the completion of REPROVE.

Conclusions
This work serves as a successful practical example of dosage design for a new antibacterial drug therapy in the indication of NP, including VAP, where previous drug therapies have failed, possibly as a result of evaluation of too few variables, thereby limiting the accuracy of pharmacodynamic predictions.
Redundant nerve roots in lumbar spinal stenosis: inter- and intra-rater reliability of an MRI-based classification
Authors: Papavero Luca , Marques Carlos J. , Lohmann Jens , Fitting Thies , Schawjinski Kathrin , Ali Nawar , Hillebrand Hauke , Maas Rainer 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with central lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) have a longer symptom history, more severe stenosis, and worse postoperative outcomes, when redundant nerve roots (RNRs) are evident in the preoperative MRI. The objective was to test the inter- and intra-rater reliability of an MRI-based classification for RNR.

Methods
This is a retrospective reliability study. A neuroradiologist, an orthopedic surgeon, a neurosurgeon, and three orthopedic surgeons in-training classified RNR on 126 preoperative MRIs of patients with LSS admitted for microsurgical decompression. On sagittal and axial T2-weighted images, the following four categories were classified: allocation (A) of the key stenotic level, shape (S), extension (E), and direction (D) of the RNR. A second read with cases ordered differently was performed 4 weeks later. Fleiss and Cohen’s kappa procedures were used to determine reliability.

Results
The allocation, shape, extension, and direction (ASED) classification showed moderate to almost perfect inter-rater reliability, with kappa values (95% CI) of 0.86 (0.83, 0.90), 0.62 (0.57, 0.66), 0.56 (0.51, 0.60), and 0.66 (0.63, 0.70) for allocation, shape, extension, and direction, respectively. Intra-rater reliability was almost perfect, with kappa values of 0.90 (0.88, 0.92), 0.86 (0.84, 0.88), and 0.84 (0.81, 0.87) for shape, extension, and direction, respectively. Intra-rater kappa values were similar for junior and senior raters. Kappa values for inter-rater reliability were similar between the first and second reads (p = 0.06) among junior raters and improved among senior raters (p = 0.008).

Conclusions
The MRI-based classification of RNR showed moderate-to-almost perfect inter-rater and almost perfect intra-rater reliability.