bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting entrepreneurial opportunity recognition in higher education: a case from Iran
Authors: Mehdizadeh Hossein , Gholami Hesamedin , Shiri Nematollah , Khoshmaram Mojgan 
Published: December 2020

PurposeAlthough extensive governmental efforts have taken place to promote entrepreneurship in Iran, based on global entrepreneurship monitor report, the rate of perceived opportunities among young people, especially those with university education, has dropped. Since the perceived entrepreneurial opportunities are the first and most important step in the entrepreneurship process, this study identified the factors affecting the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition in Iranian higher education.Design/methodology/approachThe statistical population included 127 senior undergraduate students in all majors of agriculture at Ilam University. The sample size was determined by using the Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) sampling table to be 100 senior undergraduate agriculture students at Ilam University, Ilam province, Iran, selected through a stratified random sampling technique.FindingsThe results showed that the perceived entrepreneurial opportunity among students was moderately low. According to structural equation modeling, the alertness, human capital, social capital and environmental support variables had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition.Research limitations/implicationsRegarding the research implications, the present study, with providing and testing a model for developing the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition among students in a developing country (Iran) with diverse cultures and values, has improved the literature of entrepreneurship in higher education.Practical implicationsBased on results instructors in higher agricultural education can use active teaching and learning methods, such as creating ideas, experiential and service learning, teamwork and practical work, critical thinking and problem-solving in education. Also, financial, technical and consultative support of instructors and managers in agricultural colleges to implement, launch and commercialize agricultural students' entrepreneurial ideas and projects is needed.Originality/valueThe findings indicated the importance of alertness, human capital, social capital and environmental support on the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition among students. Findings showed that ecological approach could be used to develop students' entrepreneurial opportunity recognition.
Size effect and merger dominance in salesforce integration
Authors: Oh Joon-Hee 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to test the authors’ theory that in an integrated sales team, the larger team (either from the acquiring or acquired firm) dominates the smaller team, even though it may be less competent than the smaller one, and that the level of competence of the integrated entity with the dominant but inferior larger team is bound to deteriorate.Design/methodology/approachThe study tests the theory by conducting a laboratory experiment.FindingsThe results from the experiment show that an asymmetrical employee composition structure creates merger dominance in the post-integration group and influences the integration performance.Research limitations/implicationsConsidering the lack of mergers and acquisitions research in the marketing literature, the author believes that this study contributes new information to the literature. The finding that an integrated entity with a dominant but inferior larger partner will demonstrate a resulting degeneration of competence invites empirical research for validation.Practical implicationsThe integration of sales teams is central to ensuring revenue growth and driving the value that mergers promise but often fail to realize. The study findings provide some practical insights in this regard.Originality/valueMergers between asymmetrical partners are common phenomena. However, few studies have investigated how an unequal size of sales teams in pre-merger firms influences the effective integration of different sales teams. To fill this research gap, this study examines whether the involvement of an unequal number of salespeople from pre-merger firms in a post-merger sales team may influence its post-merger performance.
Portfolio flows – exchange rate volatility: is there a puzzling relationship?
Authors: Aydoğan Berna , Vardar Gülin 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study investigates possible shock transmission and volatility spillover effects among the exchange rate changes and international portfolio flows for United States vis-à-vis two fast-growing emerging country groups: the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey).Design/methodology/approachApplying VAR-BEKK-GARCH model, the evidence indicates that exchange rate fluctuations have a negative impact on net equity flows in Brazil, Russia, India and Turkey; thus, supporting the view that exchange rate uncertainty is an important driver of equity home bias.FindingsAs for the comparison of the pre- and post-crisis period, the findings support the evidence that the post-crisis period witnessed a greater number of cases of significant shock and volatility spillovers among exchange rate uncertainty and portfolio flows.Originality/valueOverall, the empirical results provide fresh insights and policy implications for domestic and international investors through investment activities, and for policymakers through maintaining economic and financial stability.
Mapping clinical governance to practitioner roles and responsibilities
Authors: Flynn Maureen Alice , Brennan Niamh M. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeWhile clinical governance is assumed to be part of organisational structures and policies, implementation of clinical governance in practice (the praxis) can be markedly different. This paper draws on insights from hospital clinicians, managers and governors on how they interpret the term “clinical governance”. The influence of best-practice and roles and responsibilities on their interpretations is considered.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on 40 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with hospital clinicians, managers and governors from two large academic hospitals in Ireland. The analytical lens for the research is practice theory. Interview transcripts are analysed for practitioners' spoken keywords/terms to explore how practitioners interpret the term “clinical governance”. The practice of clinical governance is mapped to front line, management and governance roles and responsibilities.FindingsThe research finds that interpretation of clinical governance in praxis is quite different from best-practice definitions. Practitioner roles and responsibilities held influence practitioners' interpretation.Originality/valueThe research examines interpretations of clinical governance in praxis by clinicians, managers and governors and highlights the adverse consequence of the absence of clear mapping of roles and responsibilities to clinical, management and governance practice.
The effect of Islamic banks’ specific corporate governance mechanisms on compliance with AAOIFI governance standards
Authors: Mnif Yosra , Tahari Marwa 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of specific Islamic banks’ (IBs) corporate governance (CG) mechanisms on compliance with the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions’ (AAOIFI) governance standards (GSs) disclosure requirements.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an unweighted governance compliance index, the authors measure the extent of IBs’ compliance with 7 AAOIFI GSs’ disclosure requirements over the period 2009–2015 (372 bank-year observations). In addition, a multivariate regression analysis was used to test the four hypotheses.

Findings
This study’s results report substantial non-compliance (the mean of compliance level with AAOIFI’s GSs over the covered years for the entire sampled IBs is 52.1%). The findings reveal that the Shariah Supervisory Board’s (SSB) remuneration, SSB’s members with only industry expertise, SSB’s members with the combined industry expertise and accounting and financial expertise, the existence of internal Shariah Auditing Department and the level of investment accounts holders’ funds are positively associated with the level of compliance with AAOIFI’s GSs.

Originality/value
The existing studies focusing on the determinants of compliance with AAOIFI’s standards are in the early research stage, as to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a paucity of empirical research testing this issue. The authors extend these studies by examining all the AAOIFI’s GSs and focusing on the specific IBs’ CG mechanisms. Furthermore, a major contribution of this study is the examination of the relationship between some SSB’s characteristics and compliance level. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research that has examined the effect of the SSB’s remuneration and expertise on compliance level.
Cybersecurity workforce in railway: its maturity and awareness
Authors: Kour Ravdeep , Karim Ramin 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to evaluate and estimate the cybersecurity maturity and awareness risk for workforce management in railway transportation by using Railway-Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (R-C2M2) and Information Security Awareness Capability Model (ISACM), respectively.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a case study strategy, so primary data comprise the majority of data collected. These data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The secondary data were collected from the literature, technical reports and standards.FindingsThe results show that there is a gap in cybersecurity awareness within the workforce and there is a need to improve this gap. This paper provides some of the recommendations and literature to enhance cybersecurity workforce culture within railway organizations.Practical implicationsIn this paper, the authors have demonstrated that cybersecurity awareness has positive impact on the overall dependability of the railway system.Originality/valueThis paper describes the importance of cybersecurity awareness and training in building more cyber resiliency across the operation and maintenance of railway.
Entrepreneurial intentions: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ruiz-Alba José L. , Guzman-Parra Vanesa F. , Vila Oblitas José Roberto , Morales Mediano Javier 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to identify the main authors, the main influential universities doing research on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs), the main subject areas and the main productive academic journals on this topic. This paper also aims to shed light on the current knowledge and contributions to the field, in particular co-authorships, co-words, research topics and cluster of themes.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on bibliometric techniques using mapping and clustering. The study has been conducted on 377 articles published in journals indexed in the Scopus database for a period of almost 24 years, that is, from 1 January 1993 to 8 July 2016. VOSviewer software was used to conduct the analysis.FindingsFindings highlight the top authors, the ranking of the main journals and universities doing research in the field of EIs. Another relevant contribution is the identification and classification of main research streams and gaps that have been highlighted.Originality/valueThis paper is an attempt to clarify the state of the research study and to analyse the progress of the studies on EIs and to elaborate bibliometric studies that help to give some order to the variety of sources. This is helpful for new researchers approaching EIs for the first time and also for those who are familiar with the field.
The role of management controls in managing heterogeneous interests during extreme situations: the Swedish migrant crisis in 2015
Authors: Carlsson-Wall Martin , Iredahl Adrian , Kraus Kalle , Wiklund Mats 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the role of management controls in managing heterogeneous interests during extreme situations.

Design/methodology/approach
Through interviews and observations, the authors analyse the Swedish Migration Agency’s management controls and study routines during the peak of the European Migrant Crisis.

Findings
Prior to the crisis, the strategy used by the employees was to mediate between two interests (labelled legal security and empathy) to create a workable compromise. During the crisis, however, the authors observed filtering in the form of the previous hierarchical ordering of interests was further strengthened as the employees increasingly relied on just a single interest (the interest which they previously had deemed to be the most important) at the expense of the other interest. The findings suggest that behavioural and social controls helped such filtering; social controls helped certain employees to filter the empathy interest as more important during extreme situations and behavioural controls helped other employees to filter the legal security interest as more important. This help us explain why the authors observe less mediation between the two heterogeneous interests and rather a stricter dominance of one of the interests. The authors also illustrate how especially behavioural controls may become unsupportive of the operations during extreme situations as it consisted of rule-based standards, built to cope with “normal” situations. The heterogeneous interests affected the probability of actors, at times, ignoring behavioural controls when such controls were unsupportive. Actors whose day-to-day operations were mainly guided by the legal security interest remained tightly coupled to behavioural controls even when they felt that these controls were no longer useful. On the other hand, actors who were mainly guided by the empathy interest ignored behavioural controls when they felt that they were unsupportive.

Research limitations/implications
The authors acknowledge that bias might arise from the reliance on retrospective views of past processes and events, which the authors primarily gathered through interviews.

Practical implications
The authors highlight an important relationship between heterogeneous interests (i.e. legal security and empathy) and management controls during the crisis and how this relationship can lead actors to fundamentally different actions.

Originality/value
The two bodies of study on the role of management controls in managing heterogeneous interests and the role of management controls during the crisis have been largely unconnected and it is in this intersection that this study contributes.
Glucocorticoid levels predict subsequent social tactic in females of a facultatively social mammal
Authors: Hill Davina L. , Pillay Neville , Schradin Carsten 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Facultatively social species, in which individuals can switch between group‐ and solitary‐living tactics, offer an opportunity to shed light on proximate mechanisms underlying alternative life histories. Promising hormonal mediators of social tactic include glucocorticoids, which control energy allocation and are negatively related to body condition, and testosterone which regulates numerous social behaviours.

Here, we investigated hormone profiles associated with social tactic in eight generations of free‐living female striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio. Females are group living during the non‐breeding season but live solitarily or with female kin in communally breeding groups during the breeding season.

We tested whether females' baseline levels of corticosterone (a glucocorticoid) and testosterone measured during the breeding season differed before and after females left the group (i.e. when they switched from a group living to solitary social tactic), and whether the hormone levels of females that remained group living differed before and after their nestmates became solitary. We also asked whether seasonal variation in hormone levels was associated with social tactic.

During the breeding season, corticosterone levels were lower in solitary than group‐living females both before and after solitary females left the group, and did not differ in solitary females before and after leaving. In group‐living females, corticosterone was higher after their nestmates became solitary than before they left. Testosterone levels did not differ before and after females became solitary and were not associated with social tactic.

Corticosterone was higher during the breeding than the non‐breeding season in group‐living females but did not differ between the seasons in solitary females. Testosterone levels were higher in both social tactics during the non‐breeding season.

We conclude that baseline corticosterone but not testosterone levels are associated with female social tactic, and that corticosterone levels at the start of the breeding season, when all females are group living, may be an indicator of subsequent tactic: solitary females' corticosterone levels were lower than those of females that remained group living even before the solitary phenotype was expressed. Glucocorticoids might therefore play a modulatory role in social organisation in facultatively social species.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Association of birth mode of delivery with infant faecal microbiota, potential pathobionts, and short chain fatty acids: a longitudinal study over the first year of life
Authors: Mueller NT , Differding MK , Østbye T , Hoyo C , Benjamin‐Neelon SE 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveCaesarean section (CS) interrupts mother‐to‐newborn microbial transfer at birth. Beyond the neonatal period, the impact of CS on offspring gut microbiota and their short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) remains unclear. Here, we examine birth delivery mode (CS versus vaginal delivery) with the infant gut microbiota and faecal SCFAs measured 3 and 12 months after birth.DesignLongitudinal study.SettingNorth Carolina.PopulationIn 2013–15, we enrolled pregnant women and followed up their offspring for 12 months. We asked a subset of participants, enrolled over a 3‐month period, to provide faecal samples at the 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits.Methods and main outcomesWe sequenced the 16S rRNA V4 region with Illumina MiSeq and quantified SCFA concentrations using gas chromatography. We examined delivery mode with differential abundance of microbiota amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) using beta‐binomial regression and faecal SCFAs using linear regression. We adjusted models for confounders.ResultsOf the 70 infants in our sample, 25 (36%) were delivered by CS. Compared with vaginal delivery, CS was associated with differential abundance of 14 infant bacterial ASVs at 3 months and 13 ASVs at 12 months (all FDR P < 0.05). Of note, CS infants had a higher abundance of the potential pathobionts Clostridium neonatale (P = 0.04) and Clostridium perfringens (P = 0.04) and a lower abundance of potentially beneficial Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides spp. (both P < 0.05) at 3 months. Other ASVs were differentially abundant at 12 months. Infants delivered by CS also had higher faecal butyrate concentration at 3 months (P < 0.005) but not at 12 months.ConclusionsCaesarean section was associated with increased butyrate excretion, decreased Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides spp., and more colonisation of the infant gut by pathobionts at 3 months of age. CS was also associated with altered gut microbiota composition, but not faecal SCFAs, at 12 months.Tweetable abstractCaesarean section delivery was associated with increased butyrate excretion, decreased Bifidobacterium, and increased colonisation of the infant gut by pathobionts at 3 months of age.
Far from Well: The UK since COVID‐19, and Learning to Follow the Science(s)*
Authors: O'Donnell Gus , Begg Harry 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper offers a five‐part framework for assessing why the United Kingdom has coped poorly compared with peer countries with the medical, social and economic challenges brought by the COVID‐19 pandemic – a surprising failure, given the strength of its scientific community and the internationally attested quality of its civil service. The paper also offers a proposal for how to shape an independent inquiry, one promised by the UK Prime Minister, of the kind that has the primary motivation to better prepare the country for future crises. The paper begins by providing various metrics that set out how the UK has, as of late 2020, been particularly adversely affected by the pandemic. It then details the five‐part framework, which is presented as a series of propositions with initial supporting evidence that require more thorough investigation, supported by a fuller record of evidence. First, we suggest that there have been problems as to how evidence about the pandemic and its anticipated effects was collected, processed and circulated, weakening policymakers’ ability to evaluate the risk calculus. Second, particular structures and processes of government decision‐making appear to have been inadequate and ill‐suited to the multidimensional challenges brought by the pandemic. Third, the role of political leadership and decision‐making in the public health and broader policy responses needs thorough evaluation. Fourth, we assess some aspects of economic policymaking during the pandemic. Fifth, features of the UK's institutional make‐up may have been a driver of the suboptimal outcomes. Overall, we argue that UK policymakers may have over‐relied on the medical sciences at the expense of other (social) scientific evidence.
The contemporary transformation of american youth: An analysis of change in the prevalence of delinquency, 1991–2015
Authors: Baumer Eric P. , Cundiff Kelsey , Luo Liying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractYouth involvement in crime has declined substantially over the past few decades, yet the reasons for this trend remain unclear. We advance the literature by examining the role of several potentially important shifts in individual attitudes and behaviors that may help to account for the observed temporal variation in youth delinquency. Our multilevel analysis of repeated cross‐sectional data from eighth and tenth grade students in the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study indicates that changes in youth offending prevalence were not associated with changes in youth attachment and commitment to school, community involvement, or parental supervision after school. In contrast, the study provides suggestive evidence that the significant reduction in youth offending prevalence observed since the early 1990s was significantly associated with a decrease in unstructured socializing and alcohol consumption and, to a lesser extent, with a decrease in youth preferences for risky activities. Implications for existing theoretical explanations and future research on youth crime trends are discussed.