bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholescintigraphy may have a role in selecting patients with biliary dyskinesia for cholecystectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Alhayo Sam , Eslick Guy D. , Cox Michael R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with typical biliary pain, no gallstones on ultrasound and low gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) on cholescintigraphy (gallbladder dyskinesia) may be considered for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, some studies have suggested that symptoms alone are an adequate indication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim was to determine the role of cholescintigraphy in predicting outcomes of cholecystectomy in patients with typical and atypical biliary symptoms and normal biliary ultrasound.MethodsMeta‐analysis using Preferred Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines of published literature using several electronic databases.ResultsTwenty‐four articles were selected with a total of 1710 patients. The majority (n = 1633, 94.4%) of patients had typical biliary symptoms. A total of 1047 patients with typical symptoms and a reduced GBEF had a cholecystectomy with 852 (81.4%) having complete resolution of symptoms. A total of 148 with typical symptoms and normal GBEF had a cholecystectomy with 103 (69.5%) having complete resolution, which was significantly less than those with a reduced GBEF (odds ratio 1.65, confidence interval 1.08–2.05, P = 0.01). Forty‐five patients with atypical symptoms and a reduced GBEF had a cholecystectomy with 31 (68.9%) having complete resolution of symptoms, which is significantly lower than those with typical symptoms (odds ratio 1.97, confidence interval 0.95–3.90, P = 0.05).ConclusionCholescintigraphy improved the predication of outcome of cholecystectomy in biliary dyskinesia by 10%. However, the presence of typical symptoms does predict an effective response in 70% of patients. Atypical symptoms predict a poorer response.
Gastrointestinal involvement in childhood vasculitides
Authors: Trapani Sandra , Rubino Chiara , Indolfi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this narrative review was to provide a comprehensive summary of the characteristics of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in the most common paediatric primary vasculitides.MethodsWe used PubMed to primarily identify papers, reviews, case series and editorials published in English from 2000 until 31 January 2020. Based on this, we report the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches and management of GI involvement in each vasculitis.ResultsVasculitides are inflammatory blood vessel diseases, and the majority can affect the GI system with vascular, GI tract or solid organ involvement. GI involvement can sometimes complicate and delay the correct diagnosis. Clinical findings are usually nonspecific symptoms, such as fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Bleeding should alert paediatricians to the possibility of severe complicated vasculitis. Diagnosis relies mostly on imaging. If it goes unrecognised, GI involvement in paediatric vasculitis is a serious cause of morbidity and even mortality, related to bowel ischaemia and perforation. Treatment of GI symptoms depends on the type of vasculitis and usually involves high‐dose steroids and immunosuppressants.ConclusionGI manifestations in the most common paediatric primary vasculitides were usually nonspecific, diagnosis mostly relied on imaging, and treatment usually involved high‐dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.
Pathophysiological mechanisms explaining poor clinical outcome of older cancer patients with low skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Looijaard Stéphanie M. L. M. , te Lintel Hekkert Miriam L. , Wüst Rob C. I. , Otten René H. J. , Meskers Carel G. M. , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLow skeletal muscle mass is highly prevalent in older cancer patients and affects 5% to 89% depending on the type and stage of cancer. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with poor clinical outcomes such as post‐operative complications, chemotherapy toxicity and mortality in older cancer patients. Little is known about the mediating pathophysiological mechanisms. In this review, we summarize proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between low skeletal muscle mass and poor clinical outcomes in older cancer patients including a) systemic inflammation; b) insulin‐dependent glucose handling; c) mitochondrial function; d) protein status and; e) pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. The mechanisms of altered myokine balance negatively affecting the innate and adaptive immune system, and altered pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs leading to a relative overdosage of anticancer drugs are best‐substantiated. The effects of glucose intolerance and circulating mitochondrial DNA as a consequence of low skeletal muscle mass are topics of interest for future research. Restoring myokine balance through physical exercise, exercise mimetics, neuro‐muscular activation and adapting anticancer drug dosing on skeletal muscle mass could be targeted approaches to improve clinical outcomes in older cancer patients with low skeletal muscle mass.
The deglaciation of the western sector of the Irish Ice Sheet from the inner continental shelf to its terrestrial margin
Authors: Roberts David H. , Ó Cofaigh Colm , Ballantyne Colin K. , Burke Matthew , Chiverrell Richard C. , Evans David J. A. , Clark Chris D. , Duller Geoff A. T. , Ely Jeremy , Fabel Derek , Small David , Smedley Rachel K. , Callard S. Louise 
Published: June 2020

This paper provides a new deglacial chronology for retreat of the Irish Ice Sheet from the continental shelf of western Ireland to the adjoining coastline, a region where the timing and drivers of ice recession have never been fully constrained. Previous work suggests maximum ice‐sheet extent on the outer western continental shelf occurred at ~26–24 cal. ka BP with the initial retreat of the ice marked by the production of grounding‐zone wedges between 23–21.1 cal. ka BP. However, the timing and rate of ice‐sheet retreat from the inner continental shelf to the present coast are largely unknown. This paper reports 31 new terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) ages from erratics and ice‐moulded bedrock and three new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages on deglacial outwash. The TCN data constrain deglaciation of the near coast (Aran Islands) to ~19.5–18.5 ka. This infers ice retreated rapidly from the mid‐shelf after 21 ka, but the combined effects of bathymetric shallowing and pinning acted to stabilize the ice at the Aran Islands. However, marginal stability was short‐lived, with multiple coastal sites along the Connemara/Galway coasts demonstrating ice recession under terrestrial conditions by 18.2–17. ka. This pattern of retreat continued as ice retreated eastward through inner Galway Bay by 16.5 ka. South of Galway, the Kilkee–Kilrush Moraine Complex and Scattery Island moraines point to late stage re‐advances of the ice sheet into southern County Clare ~14.1–13.3 ka, but the large errors associated with the OSL ages make correlation with other regional re‐advances difficult. It seems more likely that these moraines are the product of regional ice lobes adjusting to internal ice‐sheet dynamics during deglaciation in the time window 17–16 ka.
Rapid Late Pleistocene climate change reconstructed from a lacustrine ostracod record in central Italy (Lake Trasimeno, Umbria)
Authors: Marchegiano Marta , Horne David J. , Gliozzi Elsa , Francke Alexander , Wagner Bernd , Ariztegui Daniel 
Published: June 2020

This study presents, for the first time, a detailed quantitative reconstruction of winter (January) and summer (July) palaeotemperatures from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene transition in central Italy based on ostracod assemblages in an 8.59‐m‐long sediment core retrieved in Lake Trasimeno. Of 19 ostracod species recovered, 13 were calibrated according to their living temperature ranges, enabling us to reconstruct mean January and July temperature ranges using the mutual ostracod temperature range (MOTR) method. The occurrences of Cytheromorpha fuscata and Limnocythere suessenbornensis from 44 000 to 25 500 cal. a BP showed mean January temperatures at least 7 °C colder and mean July temperature at least 1 °C cooler in some intervals compared to present‐day temperatures. Comparison of the MOTR‐derived January minima curve with a Greenland oxygen isotope record (NGRIP) shows a remarkable correlation of warmer Greenland Interstadial and the colder Greenland Stadial events with clear peaks and troughs in the MOTR signal. These correlations were tested successfully by tuning the MOTR curve to the NGRIP record, resulting in an improved age‐depth model combining radiocarbon ages with MOTR tie points. The results demonstrate that a record of rapid climate change in the North Atlantic region is archived in lacustrine ostracod assemblages in central Italy.
Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor linagliptin versus sulphonylurea glimepiride on systemic haemodynamics in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: A secondary analysis of an 8‐week, randomized, controlled, double‐blind trial
Authors: Kraaijenhof Jordan , Muskiet Marcel H. A. , Tonneijck Lennart , Ouwens D. Margriet , Kramer Mark H. H. , van Raalte Daniël H. , Smits Mark M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the glucose‐independent effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor linagliptin versus the sulphonylurea glimepiride on systemic haemodynamics in the fasting and postprandial state in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsIn this prespecified secondary analysis of a phase IV, double‐blind trial, 46 metformin‐treated, overweight patients with T2D were included and randomly assigned (1:1) to once‐daily linagliptin (5 mg) or glimepiride (1 mg) for 8 weeks. In a sub‐study involving 26 patients, systemic haemodynamics were also assessed following a standardized liquid meal (Nutridrink Yoghurt style). Systemic haemodynamics (oscillometric device and finger photoplethysmography), arterial stiffness (applanation tonometry) and cardiac sympathovagal balance (heart rate variability [HRV]) were measured in the fasting state and repetitively following the meal. Ewing tests were performed in the fasting state.ResultsFrom baseline to week 8, linagliptin compared with glimepiride did not affect systemic haemodynamics, arterial stiffness or HRV in the fasting state. Linagliptin increased parasympathetic nervous activity, as measured by the Valsalva manoeuvre (P = .021) and deep breathing test (P = .027) compared with glimepiride. Postprandially, systolic blood pressure (SBP) dropped an average of 7.6 ± 1.6 mmHg. Linagliptin reduced this decrease to 0.7 ± 2.3 mmHg, which was significant to glimepiride (P = .010).ConclusionsWhen compared with glimepiride, linagliptin does not affect fasting blood pressure. However, linagliptin blunted the postprandial drop in SBP, which could benefit patients with postprandial hypotension.
The influence of affective state on sensory and emotional perception: Application of the Sense’n Feel™ method
Authors: Rochet Marion , El‐Hage Wissam , Dreyfuss Lise , Atanasova Boriana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmotions play a key role in our daily life through their control over our thoughts and behaviors. While it is commonly accepted that depressive patients have emotional perception disorders, it is important to know how these disorders affect patients’ sensory perception to develop products to provide them with better support. In this study, we first examined the existence of modifications in the emotional perception of subjects with minor depressive symptoms (MDS, n = 80) compared with healthy controls (HC, n = 80) using a nonverbal method based on pictures to measure projected emotions and personality traits: the Sense'n Feel™ method. The investigated stimuli were two unpleasant and two pleasant odors and one pleasant food product: a madeleine. Second, we investigated the hedonic, familiarity and intensity olfactory perceptions of the subjects using the same stimuli. No significant difference was found in any olfactory qualities between the two groups. Concerning the pleasant olfactory stimuli, however, we did note that the MDS subjects had a significantly lower score for the positive emotion of joy/happiness than the controls. Additionally, the MDS group's attribution of some positive personality traits for the three pleasant stimuli was significantly weaker than that in the HC group. These results could be explained by the affective state of the MDS subjects; they were more anxious and more alexithymic compared with the controls. Further research is needed to validate our study in clinically depressed individuals and to determine whether the modifications of the emotional olfactory perception are due to the disease and/or to neuropsychological alterations.
Plasticity in oligodendrocyte lineage progression: An OPC puzzle on our nerves
Authors: Craig Georgina A. , Yoo SangWon , Du Tian Y. , Xiao Junhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMyelin deposition in the central nervous system has been shown to be responsive to experience, with sensory enrichment increasing myelination and sensory or social deprivation decreasing myelination. This process is referred to as “adaptive myelination” or “myelin plasticity” and signifies an essential component of new learning. However, whether these experience‐driven adaptations are driven by (a) underlying changes in the generation of myelinating cells, (b) altered interactions between myelin sheath and axon, or (c) a combination of the above remains unclear. It has been suggested that myelination largely follows an “innate” and automatic programme, allowing for a predictable pattern of central nervous system myelin deposition over time. Adaptive myelination is thought to account for more nuanced alterations that do not dramatically shift this pattern, but ultimately drive functional responses. This makes the study of myelin plasticity particularly difficult, as it necessitates being able to clearly and specifically draw boundaries between the innate and adaptive programme. Thus, the field requires a holistic understanding of the remit of innate myelin development, prior to investigation of adaptive myelination. This review will collate literature regarding different aspects of oligodendrocyte and myelin development (namely, oligodendrocyte proliferation, differentiation, death and myelin sheath formation) in an innate context, before discussing how these parameters are proposed to change under adaptive conditions. It is the hope that this review will highlight the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach towards studying both innate and adaptive forms of myelination.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and Guillain–Barré syndrome: AIDP variant with a favourable outcome
Authors: Lascano A. M. , Epiney J.‐B. , Coen M. , Serratrice J. , Bernard‐Valnet R. , Lalive P. H. , Kuntzer T. , Hübers A. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeThe spectrum of COVID‐19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS‐CoV‐2), includes different neurologic manifestations of the central and peripheral nervous system.MethodsFrom March through April 2020, in two university hospitals located in western Switzerland, we examined three patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) following SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsThese cases were characterized by a primary demyelinating electrophysiological pattern (Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or AIDP) and a less severe disease course compared to recently published case series. Clinical improvement was observed in all patients at week five. One patient was discharged from hospital after full recovery with persistence of minor neurological signs (areflexia). Two of the three patients remained hospitalized: one was able to walk and the other could stand up with assistance.ConclusionsWe report three cases of typical GBS (AIDP) occurring after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and presenting with a favourable clinical course. Given the interval between COVID‐19‐related symptoms and neurological manifestations (mean of 15 days) we postulate a secondary immune‐mediated mechanism rather than direct viral damage.
Predictors of prostate‐specific antigen testing in men aged ≥55 years: A cross‐sectional study based on patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Leong Joon Yau , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Berlin Alejandro , Klaassen Zachary , Wallis Christopher JD , Ahmad Ardalan E , Herrera‐Caceres Jaime O , Perlis Nathan , Fleshner Neil E , Goldberg Hanan 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the predictors of prostate‐specific antigen discussion with a physician and prostate‐specific antigen testing in men aged ≥55 years.MethodsUtilizing the USA Health Information National Trends Survey, 4th Ed., a cross‐sectional study from 2011 to 2014 was carried out to analyze the factors predicting prostate‐specific antigen testing and discussion in men ≥55 years. Associations between each covariate and prostate‐specific antigen discussion/testing were determined. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine clinically relevant predictors of prostate‐specific antigen discussion/testing. Due to multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was used.ResultsA total of 2731 men included in the Health Information National Trends Survey were analyzed. Several socioeconomic parameters were found to increase the likelihood of men aged ≥55 years to undergo prostate‐specific antigen testing: living with a spouse, a higher level of education (college graduate or above), a higher income (>$50 000 annually) and previous history of any cancer. In contrast, current smokers were less likely to undergo prostate‐specific antigen testing. Having a prostate‐specific antigen discussion with a physician was more likely for men surveyed in 2014, for men who were living with a spouse, who had a higher annual income (>$50 000 annually) and those with a history of any cancer.ConclusionsSignificant inequalities in prostate‐specific antigen testing and discussion exist among men in the USA, mainly driven by socioeconomic factors. Ideally, prostate‐specific antigen testing and discussion should be based on relevant clinical factors with a shared decision‐making approach for every man. Therefore, a better understanding of the socioeconomic factors influencing prostate‐specific antigen testing/discussions can inform strategies to reduce existing gaps in care.
The green factor: Unpacking green job growth
Authors: SOFRONIOU Nick , ANDERSON Pauline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrawing on data from the Labour Force Survey of the United Kingdom (2011–14), this article estimates the number of green jobs in Scotland and identifies change over time, using a methodological framework that can be applied to any region, based on ISCO‐08 and O*NET. The findings highlight the value of charting changes in green jobs based on inclusive rather than “purist” definitions to better capture the broader impact of greening on jobs. The findings also indicate a need for greater analytical attention to issues of green job quality and inclusive green job growth.
Nasal vaccination of β7 integrin‐deficient mice retains elevated IgA immunity
Authors: Maślanka Tomasz , Clapp Beata , Hoffman Carol , Robison Amanda , Gregorczyk Izabela , Pascual David W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the migration of lymphocytes to nonintestinal mucosal sites is fundamental to developing mucosal vaccination strategies. Studies have shown that nasal and oral immunization with cholera toxin (CT) stimulates, in addition to α4β7+, the induction of αE (CD103)β7+ B cells. To determine the extent to which αE‐associated β7 contributes to antigen (Ag)‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A responses in the upper respiratory tract, nasal CT vaccination was performed in wild‐type (wt) and β7−/− mice. At 16 days postprimary immunization, upper respiratory tract IgA responses were greater in β7−/− mice than in wt mice. IgA induction by distal β7−/− Peyer’s patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and small intestinal lamina propria was minimal, in contrast to elevated gut IgA responses in wt mice. By 42 days postprimary immunization, β7−/− gut IgA responses were restored, and upper respiratory tract Ag‐specific IgA responses were equivalent to those of wt mice. Examination of homing receptor expression and cell‐sorting experiments revealed that β7−/− mice have increased usage of β1 and αE integrins by upper respiratory tract B cells, suggesting that alternative integrins can facilitate lymphocyte migration to the upper respiratory tract, especially in the absence of β7.
The importance of immunity in the development of reliable animal models for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Guerrero‐Aspizua Sara , Carretero Marta , Conti Claudio J , Del Río Marcela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPsoriasis (PS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are common inflammatory skin diseases characterized by an imbalance in specific T‐cell subsets, resulting in a specific cytokine profile in patients. Obtaining models closely resembling both pathologies along with a relevant clinical impact is crucial for the development of new therapies because of the high prevalence of these diseases. Single‐gene mouse models developed until now do not fully reflect the complexity of these disorders, in part not only because of inherent differences between mice and humans but also because of the multifactorial nature of these pathologies. The skin‐humanized mouse model developed by our group, based on a tissue engineering approach, has been used to test therapeutic strategies, although this methodology is still technically challenging and not widely available. The skin‐humanized mouse models for PS and AD reproduce human skin phenotypes, providing valuable tools for drug development and testing in the preclinical setting. The tissue engineering approach allows the development of personalized medicine, covering the broad genotypic spectrum of these pathologies. This review highlights the main differences between available murine models focusing on the tissue‐specific immunity of PS and AD. We discuss their contribution to unravel the complex pathophysiology of these diseases and to translate this knowledge into more accurate therapies.
Constructing continuity across the organisational culture boundary in a highly virtual work environment
Authors: Asatiani Aleksandre , Hämäläinen Julia , Penttinen Esko , Rossi Matti 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile remote work allows organisations to offer their employees flexibility and harness global talent and markets for business growth, inability to rely on physical interactions between employees imposes challenges specific to operations in highly virtual work environments. Among these characteristic issues are challenges associated with organisational socialisation and organisational culture. Accordingly, an action design research project was carried out for building a socialisation substitute (an information artefact in the form of a digital organisational culture handbook) to support synthesis of symbolic and pragmatic components of organisational culture at case company Smartly.io, a highly virtual organisation experiencing rapid growth. The paper contributes to the literature on socialisation and organisational culture by demonstrating one approach to designing a surrogate for socialisation that acts as a conduit between the symbolic aspects of organisational culture (such as values) and the pragmatic ones (such as toolkits). The work contributes to organisational discontinuity theory also, via theory‐generating descriptive analysis of the process of building continuity across the organisational culture boundary through creation of an information artefact. The resulting artefact was found to deliver practical utility to the case company and encapsulate generalisable design principles for this building process.