bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efeitos dos ácidos graxos Ômega-3 no tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior: uma revisão
Authors: Santos Raphaella Nagib Carvalho 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOO aumento da prevalência de depressão nos países ocidentais tem sido acompanhado pelo aumento paralelo de doenças cardiovasculares e mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, com um desequilíbrio do consumo dos ácidos graxosômega-6 e ômega-3. Recentemente, foram propostas novas indicações terapêuticas para o ômega-3, tais como o tratamento de certas formas de doença mental, incluindo transtornos depressivos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento atual sobre os mecanismos biológicos de ação do ômega-3 na prevenção ou tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior. O método adotado para a elaboração da presente revisão foi baseado em um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos publicados na base de dados de pesquisas científicas através de sites internacionais como o Pubmed. Os resultados presentes nessa revisão constataram que há uma associação inversa entre a ingestão de ômega-3 e prevalência de depressão. Estudos apontam que o ômega-3 atua como anti-inflamatório e melhora a neurotransmissão serotoninérgica e dopaminérgica. Há, também, necessidade de estudos mais significativos e de longo prazo, assim como de esclarecer a dose terapêutica e a eficácia do ômega-3 como monoterapia ou adjuvante no tratamento do transtorno depressivo maior.
Bariatric surgery in HIV-infected patients: review of literature
Authors: da Silva Erika Ferrari Rafael 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTObesity is now a common problem among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Until recently, HIV infection has been considered a contraindication to bariatric surgery for various reasons. Insurance carriers have considered HIV a terminal disease, and surgeons have been reluctant to operate HIV-infected patients because of this, as well as the associated risk of infectious transmissions, although this has been changing. Gastric bypass surgery may be an option for some patients who have failed diet and therapeutic lifestyle changes, modification in ART or other treatment modalities for HIV/ART-related lipohypertrophy and obesity. However, few data are available regarding HIV-related outcomes after such surgery and its impact on ART tolerability. The aim of this study is to review bariatric surgery in HIV-infected patients.
Can the consumption of Seeds, Leaves and Fruit Peels avoid the risk factors for Cardiovascular Disorders?
Authors: Farinazzi-Machado Flavia Maria Vasques 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTChanges in the feeding pattern of the population have recently led to a greater occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors that contribute to a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The presence of beneficial bioactive compounds in fruits and processed sub-products have proven to have a negative association with risk factors, such as blood pressure reduction, plasmatic lipoproteins control and increased resistance of LDL-c to oxidation, in addition to glycemic control and antioxidant effects. The aim of this review is to show that several studies have demonstrated many different chemical compounds in seeds, leaves and fruit peels, including their metabolic and physiologic effects on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. We reviewed the relevant literature by searching English-language publications in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scielo and Lilacs, and references from relevant articles published since 2010, especially in the last five years. Eighty-seven relevant articles were included.
Eating habits and intake of macro-and micronutrients among adolescents in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP)
Authors: Del Ciampo Luiz Antonio , Del Ciampo Ieda Regina Lopes , Vieira Mariana Vilela 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Objective: to know the intake of macro and micronutrients among a group of adolescents in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP). Methods: observational study in which it is observed the intake and eating habits of adolescents, through the food frequency questionnaire validated for adolescents and the food record of 3 days. Results: the participants were 130 adolescents, of whom 81 (62.3%) were female and 49 (37.6%) male, with a mean age 196.8 ± 11 months. Food items with the highest intake were rice, beans, candies, bread, sugar and milk. The percentage of energy from macronutrients were 56.4% for the group of carbohydrate, 15.3% protein and 28.3% lipid. Regarding minerals, it was observed a low intake than the recommended for calcium, adequate intake of iron and zinc and, notably, excessive sodium intake. Conclusions: The results showed that adolescents consume a large amount of simple sugars, saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol and sodium, which, in excess, can cause harm to the health of individuals in full stage of development. Therefore, the evident need to implement food education programs targeted to adolescents and their families, in order to change consumer’s habits, specially the reduction of sodium present in processed foods as well as those prepared in restaurants, decrease of sugar consumption and increase of eating vegetables and foods with calcium.
Adequação de medicamentos prescritos em pacientes em uso de sonda enteral em um hospital público no sul do Brasil
Authors: Ramos Camila Perlin , Kuhn Elisabete Hilda Gil , Girardi Ana Lara , Demartini Melissa , de Deus Vanessa Felipe , Dias Marília Flôres 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOPacientes em uso de terapia nutricional enteral são alimentados através de sondas enterais, as quais, também, são vias de administração de medicamentos. Nutrientes e fármacos interagem entre si e com o trato gastrointestinal, sendo necessários cuidados para que esta terapia seja realizada de forma adequada, com o intuito de evitar efeitos adversos relacionados à terapia nutricional enteral. Os profissionais envolvidos na prescrição, dispensação e administração de medicamentos por sonda enteral devem possuir conhecimentos e habilidades técnicas que assegurem a adequação do tratamento medicamentoso em pacientes que fazem uso deste tipo de terapia. Existem poucos protocolos clínicos que se referem ao uso de medicamentos na forma farmacêutica sólida via sonda enteral. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a inadequação da prescrição da forma farmacêutica sólida via sondas enterais em pacientes internados em uma unidade clínica de um hospital público no sul do Brasil. Tratase de um estudo observacional, transversal, em que foram analisados dados de prescrições médicas de pacientes em uso de sondas enterais. Dentre os medicamentos com forma farmacêutica de uso oral prescritos via sondas enterais, 94% (604) foram prescritos na forma farmacêutica sólida, destes, 42% (253) foram prescritos de forma inadequada. A alta prevalência de medicamentos prescritos inadequadamente para administração via sonda demonstra a importância da atividade do farmacêutico junto à equipe multidisciplinar na assistência de pacientes em uso de terapia nutricional enteral.
Atualidades sobre o tratamento da Sarcopenia revisão de literatura
Authors: Gago Leandro Correia , Gago Fernanda Carballosa Prol 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOSarcopenia e uma sindrome caracterizada por acometimento progressivo e generalizado da musculatura esqueletica de idosos e causa sua perda de massa e funcao (forca ou desempenho). A etiologia e multifatorial e, ainda, pouco compreendida. Cursa com reducao da mobilidade e da qualidade de vida, resultando em aumento da morbimortalidade. Sua prevalencia vem aumentando gradativamente conforme a populacao envelhece, fazendo crescerem as demandas por recursos de saude. Isso torna imperioso que se estude esta patologia mais a fundo. Foi realizada revisao de artigos que abordam o tema sarcopenia, com destaque para intervencoes terapeuticas, publicados a partir de 2010 ate o primeiro semestre de 2015. Concluiu-se que o tratamento baseia-se, principalmente, em mudanca do estilo de vida, ou seja, atividade fisica e maior ingestao proteica. Adiciona-se farmacoterapia naqueles com indicacao para tal, como vitamina D e testosterona. Devem ser considerados creatina e β-hidroximetilbutirato, entre outros.
Neutral and specialized path coding
Authors: Matsumoto Yo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to present a new
typology of path coding used in motion event descriptions in various
languages. The crucial starting point for the new typology is how
Path is expressed across different constructional types of motion
event representations. The constructional types considered are
Self-motion, Caused motion, and Emanation. The study suggests that
path-coding devices can be divided into two major kinds: one kind
with broad distributional potential across different constructional
types of representations, and the other specialized for a particular
constructional type of representation. Languages tend to have
preferences toward adopting which kind of path-coding device is
predominantly used. Languages that utilize the former can be called
neutral path-coding languages, and those utilizing the latter,
specialized path-coding languages. Path and Deixis coding in several
languages are examined in these terms. Some patterns of
intralinguistic and interlinguistic variations are also
discussed.
Linguistics, language teaching objectives and the language learning process
Authors: Widdowson Henry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Linguistics has always been taken as the authoritative frame of reference for how language is represented as a pedagogic subject, and as approaches to linguistic description have changed so accordingly have approaches to language teaching. But the purposes that determine what aspects of language are to be abstracted as relevant for linguistic description do not correspond with those of language pedagogy. What linguistics provides are ways of specifying what is to be taught as the eventual learning objective in relative disregard of the learning process, a process that it is the essential purpose of pedagogy to promote. An alternative to this customary objective driven approach, would be to focus not on acquiring competence in a particular and separate L2 but on extending the general capability for using language as a communicative resource that learners have already acquired in their L1. Such an approach effectively makes the primary objective of pedagogy the development of the learning process itself.
Discourse particles in thetic judgments, in dependent sentences,
and in non-finite phrases
Authors: Abraham Werner 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
I survey the discourse effects and conditions of
selection of the German modal (discourse) particles on the basis of
different questions that have always been in the focus of analytical
descriptions (cf. Whitt
2015), which, however, can be formulated more clearly
today. Special attention will be paid to the dimension of the Common Ground that mediates between the prior context and the current
utterance or speaker and addressee and, depending on the individual
modal particle morpheme, allows for negotiation of the question
under discussion. Special focus is laid on the restrictions under
which modal particles appear in dependent sentences.
Solitary waves in dispersive evolution equations of Whitham type with nonlinearities of mild regularity
Authors: Hildrum Fredrik 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We show existence of small solitary and periodic traveling-wave solutions in Sobolev spaces

,

, to a class of nonlinear, dispersive evolution equations of the form

where the dispersion

is a negative-order Fourier multiplier whose symbol is of KdV type at low frequencies and has integrable Fourier inverse

and the nonlinearity

is inhomogeneous, locally Lipschitz and of superlinear growth at the origin. This generalises earlier work by Ehrnström, Groves and Wahlén on a class of equations which includes Whitham’s model equation for surface gravity water waves featuring the exact linear dispersion relation. Tools involve constrained variational methods, Lions’ concentration-compactness principle, a strong fractional chain rule for composition operators of low relative regularity, and a cut-off argument for

which enables us to go below the typical

regime. We also demonstrate that these solutions are either waves of elevation or waves of depression when

is nonnegative, and provide a nonexistence result when

is too strong.
Quantum principle of relativity
Authors: Dragan Andrzej , Ekert Artur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Quantum mechanics is an incredibly successful theory and yet the statistical nature of its predictions is hard to accept and has been the subject of numerous debates. The notion of inherent randomness, something that happens without any cause, goes against our rational understanding of reality. To add to the puzzle, randomness that appears in non-relativistic quantum theory tacitly respects relativity, for example, it makes instantaneous signaling impossible. Here, we argue that this is because the special theory of relativity can itself account for such a random behavior. We show that the full mathematical structure of the Lorentz transformation, the one which includes the superluminal part, implies the emergence of non-deterministic dynamics, together with complex probability amplitudes and multiple trajectories. This indicates that the connections between the two seemingly different theories are deeper and more subtle than previously thought.
Positive correlation between wood δ15N and stream nitrate concentrations in two temperate deciduous forests
Authors: Sabo Robert D , Elmore Andrew J , Nelson David M , Clark Christopher M , Fisher Thomas , Eshleman Keith N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A limitation to understanding drivers of long-term trends in terrestrial nitrogen (N) availability in forests and its subsequent influence on stream nitrate export is a general lack of integrated analyses using long-term data on terrestrial and aquatic N cycling at comparable spatial scales. Here we analyze relationships between stream nitrate concentrations and wood δ
15N records (n = 96 trees) across five neighboring headwater catchments in the Blue Ridge physiographic province and within a single catchment in the Appalachian Plateau physiographic province in the eastern United States. Climatic, acidic deposition, and forest disturbance datasets were developed to elucidate the influence of these factors on terrestrial N availability through time. We hypothesized that spatial and temporal variation of terrestrial N availability, for which tree-ring δ
15N records serve as a proxy, affects the variation of stream nitrate concentration across space and time. Across space at the Blue Ridge study sites, stream nitrate concentration increased linearly with increasing catchment mean wood δ
15N. Over time, stream nitrate concentrations decreased with decreasing wood δ
15N in five of the six catchments. Wood δ
15N showed a significant negative relationship with disturbance and acidic deposition. Disturbance likely exacerbated N limitation by inducing nitrate leaching and ultimately enhancing vegetative uptake. As observed elsewhere, lower rates of acidic deposition and subsequent deacidification of soils may increase terrestrial N availability. Despite the ephemeral modifications of terrestrial N availability by these two drivers and climate, long-term declines in terrestrial N availability were robust and have likely driven much of the declines in stream nitrate concentration throughout the central Appalachians.
Isolation of rabbit single domain antibodies to B7-H3 via protein immunization and phage display
Authors: Feng Ruonan , Wang Ruixue , Hong Jessica , Dower Christopher M , Croix Brad St , Ho Mitchell 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSingle domain antibodies have certain advantages including their small size, high stability and excellent tissue penetration, making them attractive drug candidates. Rabbit antibodies can recognize diverse epitopes, including those that are poorly immunogenic in mice and humans. In the present study, we established a method to isolate rabbit VH single domain antibodies for potential cancer therapy. We immunized rabbits with recombinant human B7-H3 (CD276) protein, made a phage-displayed rabbit VH single domain library with a diversity of 7 × 109, and isolated two binders (A1 and B1; also called RFA1 and RFB1) from phage panning. Both rabbit VH single domains exhibited antigen-dependent binding to B7-H3-positive tumor cell lines but not B7-H3 knockout tumor cell lines. Our study shows that protein immunization followed by phage display screening can be used to isolate rabbit single domain antibodies. The two single domain antibodies reported here may have potential applications in cancer immunotherapy.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key regulators and molecular mechanisms underlying myometrial activation during equine placentitis†
Authors: El-Sheikh Ali H , Boakari Y L , Loux S C , Dini P , Scoggin K E , Esteller-Vico A , Kalbfleisch T , Ball B A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The key event in placentitis-induced preterm labor is myometrial activation with the subsequent initiation of labor. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying myometrial activation are not fully understood in the mares. Therefore, the equine myometrial transcriptome was characterized during placentitis (290.0 ± 1.52 days of GA, n = 5) and the prepartum period (330 days of GA, n = 3) in comparison to normal pregnant mares (289.8 ± 2.18 days of GA, n = 4). Transcriptome analysis identified 596 and 290 DEGs in the myometrium during placentitis and the prepartum period, respectively, with 138 DEGs in common. The placentitis DEGs included eight genes (MMP1, MMP8, S100A9, S100A8, PI3, APOBEC3Z1B, RETN, and CXCL2) that are exclusively expressed in the inflamed myometrium. Pathway analysis elucidated that inflammatory signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and apoptosis pathways dominate myometrial activation during placentitis. The prepartum myometrium was associated with overexpression of inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, and 5-hydroxytryptamine degradation. Gene ontology enrichment analysis identified several chemoattractant factors in the myometrium during placentitis and prepartum period, including CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL3, and CXCL6 in common. Upstream regulator analysis revealed 19 potential upstream regulators in placentitis dataset including transcription regulators (E2F1, FOXM1, HIF1A, JUNB, NFKB1A, and STAT1), transmembrane receptors (FAS, ICAM1, SELP, TLR2, and TYROBP), growth factors (HGF and TGFB3), enzymes (PTGS2 and PRKCP), and others (S100A8, S100A9, CD44, and C5AR1). Additionally, three upstream regulators (STAT3, EGR1, and F2R) were identified in the prepartum dataset. These findings revealed the key regulators and pathways underlying myometrial activation during placentitis, which aid in understanding the disease and facilitate the development of efficacious therapies.
Comparing Propensity Score Methods Versus Traditional Regression Analysis for the Evaluation of Observational Data: A Case Study Evaluating the Treatment of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Amoah Joe , Stuart Elizabeth A , Cosgrove Sara E , Harris Anthony D , Han Jennifer H , Lautenbach Ebbing , Tamma Pranita D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Propensity score methods are increasingly being used in the infectious diseases literature to estimate causal effects from observational data. However, there remains a general gap in understanding among clinicians on how to critically review observational studies that have incorporated these analytic techniques.

Methods
Using a cohort of 4967 unique patients with Enterobacterales bloodstream infections, we sought to answer the question “Does transitioning patients with gram-negative bloodstream infections from intravenous to oral therapy impact 30-day mortality?” We conducted separate analyses using traditional multivariable logistic regression, propensity score matching, propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting, and propensity score stratification using this clinical question as a case study to guide the reader through (1) the pros and cons of each approach, (2) the general steps of each approach, and (3) the interpretation of the results of each approach.

Results
2161 patients met eligibility criteria with 876 (41%) transitioned to oral therapy while 1285 (59%) remained on intravenous therapy. After repeating the analysis using the 4 aforementioned methods, we found that the odds ratios were broadly similar, ranging from 0.84–0.95. However, there were some relevant differences between the interpretations of the findings of each approach.

Conclusions
Propensity score analysis is overall a more favorable approach than traditional regression analysis when estimating causal effects using observational data. However, as with all analytic methods using observational data, residual confounding will remain; only variables that are measured can be accounted for. Moreover, propensity score analysis does not compensate for poor study design or questionable data accuracy.
Variability in growth responses of non-O157 EHEC isolates in leafy vegetables, sprouted seeds and soil extracts occurs at the isolate level
Authors: Merget Bernhard , Dobrindt Ulrich , Forbes Ken J , Strachan Norval J C , Brennan Fiona , Holden Nicola J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Foods of plant origin are recognised as a major source of foodborne pathogens, in particular for Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). Most work for STEC and plant-based fresh produce has focused on the most prevalent outbreak serogroup, O157. However, non-O157 STEC is an emerging hazard, and as such it is important to characterise aspects within this group that reflect their ability to colonise alternative hosts and habitats relevant to horticultural production. Growth kinetics were quantified for a diverse set of clinical enterohaemorrhagic E. coli isolates in extracts made from different tissues of spinach, lettuce or sprouted seeds, or from soil, to represent association with ready-to-eat fresh produce production. For leafy vegetables, spinach apoplast supported the fastest rates of growth and lettuce root extracts generated the slowest growth rates. Growth rates were similar for the majority of isolates in fenugreek or alfalfa sprouted seed extracts. Monosaccharides were the major driver of bacterial growth. No correlations were found for growth rates between different serotypes or for Shigatoxin gene carriage. Thus, growth rates varied in a plant-dependent and isolate-dependent manner, for all plant or soil extracts tested, indicative of isolate-specific differences in metabolic flexibility. These findings are relevant for risk assessment of non-O157 STEC.
Reintroducing B. infantis to the cesarean-born neonate: an ecologically sound alternative to “vaginal seeding”
Authors: Duar Rebbeca M , Kyle David , Tribe Rachel M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
There is a burgeoning literature highlighting differences in health outcomes between babies born vaginally and by caesarean section (c-section) This has led to the suggestion that infants born by c-section may benefit from vaginal swabbing/seeding. Here, we discuss from an ecological perspective that it is gut-adapted, not vagina-adapted microbes that are likely to take up residence in the gut and have the most beneficial impact on the developing neonate. Further, we caution the practice of ‘vaginal seeding’ may be potentially unsafe and also give parents and health professionals a false sense of action in restoring the infant gut microbiome following c-section. Instead, we argue that restoring B. longum subsp. infantis, which has evolved to colonize the infant gut, is a safe and ecologically-sound approach to restoring the gut microbiome of infants born by c-section.