bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Digital Twins: Evolution of Transient Hole Cleaning Models to Enable Higher Levels of Automation
Authors: Arévalo Pedro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Modeling cuttings transport is one of the most prominent examples of modern well engineering enabling drilling automation. An accurate model of the behavior of cuttings from its creation to its exit of the wellbore provides valuable insights into well control and process stability. Such information serves as reference for higher layers of data processing and interpretation that correlate modeled behavior with actual measurements in real-time to identify anomalies and opportunities to improve processes. A common example is the identification of stuck-pipe conditions via correlation of modeled cuttings transport and density measurements downhole.
The transient model subject of this paper is a physics-based drift-flux cuttings transport model part of a larger digital twin of the wellbore. This model has been deployed in several locations worldwide as the center of a holistic hole cleaning advisory application. Some of the most sensitive deliverables of this model are the concentration of cuttings, its behavior as they are transported to surface, and the estimation of time and flow rate to transport the cuttings to surface. This kind of context information has enabled users to make informed decisions to maintain the health of the operation and avoid stuck-pipe events. Users can better decide where and for how long to circulate the wellbore after drilling a section to reduce cleaning time without endangering the formation and avoiding stuck-pipe events.
The hole cleaning application provides a central and concise visualization to highlight regions with high cuttings concentration and increasing risk of stuck-pipe events. This paper presents a few steps of the evolution of transient hole cleaning models deployed in real-time and how its presence as part of a wider drilling automation portfolio influences the adoption of drilling automation overall. Some field deployments worldwide are taken as example to discuss adoption of the service. The range of applications deploying the transient hole cleaning model span across high-pressure, high-temperature environments, managed pressure drilling (MPD), long lateral sections, among others.
Cementing a High CO2 Gas Injection Well Offshore West Africa: Three-Step Design Approach to Help Ensure Long-Term Integrity
Authors: Tomassi S. , Terentyev D. , Massie I. A. , Krokhin D. , Hernandez R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An operator in the deepwater environment offshore West Africa tasked the cement service company to develop a solution to help ensure long-term integrity of the annular cement placed behind the 7-in. liner in a gas injector well. This well was designed as a dry gas injector, with up to 15 mol% carbon dioxide (CO2) in the gas composition and anticipated injection rates between 80 and 100 MMscf/D throughout a well's life in excess of 20 years. Exposure to this dynamic CO2 environment, along with extreme temperature and pressure changes through the injection cycles, created significant risks for the cement sheath's integrity. Furthermore, the well section would penetrate a lower karstic carbonate structure prone to losses. The cement service company had to ensure proper cement placement and design a system that would maintain integrity and achieve zonal isolation throughout the life of the well.
The cement service company implemented a three-step approach to design a solution tailored to address these specific challenges. In step one, finite element analysis (FEA) modeling identified the key mechanical properties of the cement system necessary to withstand the stresses of operations throughout the life of the well. Step two focused on the cement system design. A system with reduced Portland cement content and additional components to reduce permeability was selected to enhance the cement's resistance to degradation under dynamic CO2 exposure while the mechanical requirements defined by the FEA model were achieved. The narrow pore-fracture gradient window required the design of a cement system with a density as low as 10.9 lbm/gal to maintain equivalent circulating density (ECD) less than the pressure threshold where losses were expected in the carbonate structure. In the final step, three-dimensional (3D) fluid displacement modeling software evaluated the key parameters required to achieve competent cement placement during the operation.
The cement operation was successfully executed per the design. A total of 46 bbl of 10.9-lbm/gal cement was prepared in the batch mixer and pumped downhole without losses. Liner rotation was maintained throughout the cement operation, and cement returns were observed at the shakers during post-operation circulation, which validated full cement coverage of the 7-in. liner to the top of the liner. Once sufficient time had elapsed for the cement to cure, the 7-in. liner passed the pressure test. After the 7-in. upper completion tubing was run, the 7-in. liner was successfully perforated with tubing conveyed perforating (TCP) guns and no unwanted fluid production was encountered, which confirmed successful zonal isolation. Approximately 18 months after suspension, gas injection at the well began successfully, with daily injection rates of up to 100 MMscf achieved.
Robust System - Connector as Enabler for Multiple Sand Screens Installed Downhole in Oil Well with Height Clearance Issue
Authors: Lee Q. , Norddin S. , Reekhi G. S. , Habib N. M. , Berok S. M. James , Islamov R. , Hasbi N. , Sulhi A. , Omar M. B. , Barat J. , Zin Z. M. , Tham K. , Subari I. , Maluan L. , Foo N. , Madon B. , Chung L. , McClean C. A. , Wilson S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Field T, located 40 km west of Bintulu in offshore Sarawak, Malaysia, spans 50 km² and consists of four clastic reservoir groups (H, I, J, and K) first discovered in 1962, with oil production commencing in 1979. The field's geological setting includes a complex depositional environment of lower and upper coastal formations, characterized by significant faults. Field management strategy was divided the field into three areas: West, Central, and East. In fact, after 40 years of production, 10% of the 98 strings currently closed due to unconsolidated sand and reservoir depletion. This paper presents a case study on Well A, which began production in January 2019, achieving an average gross rate of 600 bbl/d with no water cut or sand production until mid-2021. Following increased sand production, the well was beaned down, thus halving its production potential. To address this, a thru-tubing remedial sand control approach was adopted. Initial attempts to install a conventional 10-ft thru-tubing sand screen (TTSS) were obstructed by a helideck overhead, prompting a shift to custom-made 5-ft TTSS. While this adaptation alleviated installation challenges, it raised concerns regarding potential screen plugging. The conventional installation process typically involved extensive planning and risk assessments, contributing to significant production deferment due to resource uncertainties and helideck constraints. To mitigate delays, the Connector system was evaluated and selected for this production enhancement (PE) job, enabling a streamlined installation process. The successful implementation of Connector system as a pioneering application in Malaysia water enabled connection of two custom-made 5-ft TTSS downhole resulted in a 30% production enhancement for Well A, with sustained production and no sand production issues for over 1.5 years. This PE job also realized a cost savings of approximately $0.35 million by eliminating helideck skidding. The findings underscore the importance of innovative solutions in enhancing production efficiency while effectively managing operational costs in challenging offshore environments.
New Records of Extended Reach Drilling in China Offshore
Authors: Weiguo Zhang , Deli Gao , Ke Ning , De Yan , Tianyun Gao , Nan Huang , Deshmukh Vikrant 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
More than just providing an overview of the longest extended reach drilling (ERD) well recently accomplished in China offshore, with a total depth of 9508m and an ERD ratio of 4.46, the paper will delve deep into key elements such as well design, drilling technologies and practices implemented, which contribute to the success of a well that is approaching the limits of feasibility. Post-job learning and thinking will also be discussed.
To drill challenging ERD wells, sophisticated engineering is a fundamental step. A detailed analysis of offset wells and geological risks would enhance the practicality and instructiveness of the engineering design. Technology innovation is of great importance in drilling the well safely and efficiently. Downhole mechanical measurements were analyzed in real time. The methodology and workflow were developed by utilizing downhole axial loading, torsional loading and pressure-while-drilling data in conjunction with surface drilling parameters, to assess downhole conditions. The new MWD (Measurement While Drilling) tool is taking survey while drilling, eliminating the need for static survey time, reducing downhole risks and saving rig time (Lowdon, 2021).
5 million capital expenditure saving was achieved by eliminating the need for titanium alloy drill pipe through comprehensive drilling string design and rig sizing evaluation. The well was drilled and cased successfully, creating several new records in China. These records include the longest production well, the longest 12.25in open hole section of 5124 meters, and the deepest 9-5/8in casing setting depth at 8125 meters. Sophisticated engineering, fit-for-purpose drilling technologies and customized solutions contributed to delivering the record ERD well in China. The successful delivery of the well demonstrated the overall strength and accuracy of the well plan developed, as well as the technologies and computer models incorporated. Real-time downhole mechanical measurements analysis played a crucial role in monitoring drilling operations and ensuring the well was drilled without any surprises. Advanced Rotary Steerable Systems (RSS) and MWD tools are essential for achieving directional control and drilling a smooth wellbore, which are critical for achieving low Friction Factor (FF) and ensuring successful casing installation.
The paper will demonstrate how fit-for-purpose engineering solutions and technologies are delivering a well that is approaching the limit of feasibility. And comprehensive analysis of drilling mechanical measurements can significantly enhance the transparency of downhole conditions, narrow down hypotheses, and enable timely implementation of corresponding measures for complex downhole situations.
In-fill Wells in CBM - Development Strategy Optimization
Authors: Swain S. P. , Maiti D. , Kumar S. , Seetharaman S. K. 
Published: February 2025

Coal Bed Methane (CBM) being low margin business the techno-commercial viability is key to achieve the success of the project. To ensure such success it is absolutely necessary to understand the ever changing dynamics of the CBM reservoir and achieve optimize the well placement as suitable for the production phase of the field. Accordingly, the field development plan goes through constant strategic evaluation and evolution along the life of a coal bed methane project.
CBM field production performance largely depends on 3 key criterion – Gas content, saturation and permeability. Higher gas content contributes towards the resource volume and permeability impacts production volume as well as the sustenance of the production. Saturation in CBM is defined by the ratio of the gas present in a seam to the maximum storage capacity of the seam. Saturation impacts the required depressurization to reach the critical desorption pressure i.e. point of gas breakout. Dewatering is the key method for depressurization in CBM; more the seams are saturated less of dewatering would be required to bring the pressure down for the gas to release.
Coal seams by nature are very heterogeneous and further heterogeneity gets introduced to the reservoir with production. At different phases from exploration to production the reservoir behaviour and subsequent well behaviour varies significantly and understanding the same is key to optimize the well placement and completion strategy to achieve the ultimate goal of maximum production. Initial development plan is designed based on the primary core well and production testing. As the filed grows with time, new areas are ventured in step-out philosophy often the field performance varies significantly from the initial projection. Also the reservoir behaviour changes significantly from initial dewatering phase where water is the primary fluid phase to the production phase where the relative permeability of gas becomes the key contributing factor. These changing dynamics of the reservoir plays a key role in development strategy of a CBM field as it matures with time. During the well interference in the middle or later drainage stages optimally placed in-fill wells can impact the effective permeability significantly and benefits from the dewatering already done to achieve faster gas break out and sustained production.
Prediction of Drilling Efficiency Sorting for Each Run Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: MA J. , SONG Z. H. , LI Y. C. , Liu B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
At present, research and application of artificial intelligence in drilling operations inside China and abroad still remain at a stage of engineering prediction based on limited downhole sensor data and laboratory environment simulation under instantaneous level time scale and fundamental simulation levels, making it difficult to be widely applicable for drilling performance forecasting and establish effective connections with financial plans. This paper carries out research on three core issues and proposes solutions: how to classify drilling efficiency, how to select suitable sample features, and how to make prediction to ensure the accuracy of the final classification results meets reference standards. The study is expected to assist financial personnel in shortening the tedious process of learning about correlating business in drilling investment planning and exploring more scientific and widely accepted methods in the practice of refined cost management and cost prediction in the national oil and gas industry's integration of business and finance. Results show that drilling run data with high accessibility and applicability can be used for drilling efficiency classification research. Target encoding can preserve string features without causing dimension catastrophe, provide better predictive evaluation indicators across all methods, and voting learning is found to be a more suitable machine learning method in this approach.
Efeitos da auriculoterapia na qualidade de vida e em níveis de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes de fonoaudiologia
Authors: Ortiz Suelen Rocha , Balsamo Gisiê Mello , Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa 
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos da auriculoterapia no desempenho acadêmico, nos níveis de ansiedade e na qualidade de vida dos estudantes do Curso de Fonoaudiologia de uma Universidade Pública do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como de campo, quantitativa, prospectiva e transversal realizada por amostra de conveniência. Participaram do estudo 23 estudantes os quais foram divididos em dois grupos, controle e estudo. Resultados: O grupo controle não apresentou diferença significativa na comparação entre os períodos pré e pós intervenção. No grupo estudo, obteve-se diferença significativa entre os períodos pré e pós auriculoterapia no domínio físico e na depressão. Na comparação dos grupos pós intervenção, obteve-se melhora nos domínios físico, psicológico e meio ambiente. Encontrou-se correlação significativa entre as variáveis de qualidade de vida no período pós intervenção entre o domínio psicológico e físico, entre a depressão e o domínio das relações sociais e também entre a depressão e meio ambiente Conclusão: A auriculoterapia apresenta-se como uma prática integrativa eficaz na melhoria do bem estar dos estudantes no que se refere a alguns domínios de qualidade de vida, e com resultados favoráveis na diminuição dos sintomas relacionados a ansiedade e depressão.
ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ В УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ МОНИТОРИНГА
Authors: Резник Г.А. 
Published: February 2025

Необходимым условием ускорения экономического роста и перехода к новому экономическому укладу является подготовка инновационно ориентированных квалифицированных кадров, способных решать важные задачи, стоящие перед обществом. На решение этой задачи нацелен ФЗ № 217 от 02.08.2009, в котором сделан акцент на создание малых и, прежде всего, инновационных предприятий при вузах, тем самым подготовив почву для развития предпринимательских навыков у студентов уже в процессе их обучения. Целью статьи является исследование проблем развития предпринимательства в вузе. Задачи – рассмотрение условий и выявление заинтересованности преподавателей и студентов в открытии собственного предприятия в вузе, выявление причин недостаточно эффективного процесса становления инновационного предпринимательства , разработка рекомендаций по его активизации.
Training of innovation-oriented skilled personnel, able to solve the important problems of the society, is an essential prerequisite for the speedup of economic growth and transition to a new economic order. The research is aimed at studying the problem for promoting the entrepreneurship at a university, revealing the interest of teaching staff and students in setting up their own business at the university, determining the reasons of insufficient process of establishment of innovative entrepreneurship, developing recommendations on its activation. Papers of prominent foreign and Russian scientists, legislative books, methods of statistical and comparative analyses, methods of questionnaire-based survey of teaching staff and university students as well as employers of the Penza region between 2010 and 2018 years (at an interval of two years) were the basis for the study of the problems for the promotion of entrepreneurship in higher school. Results. The problems slowing the process of establishing the small innovation enterprises at the universities were revealed. They are low motivation of students, postgraduate students and teaching staff, complexity in defining the prospective projects and technologies, imperfection of the mechanism of commercialization of technologies as well as the mechanism of financing the innovation activity, unprofessional management of innovation projects and processes, low commercial success of scientific elaborations, etc. It was concluded that Russian universities had a sufficient scientific and scientific engineering potential, including the research facilities, for training the highly-skilled innovation-oriented professionals. One of the priorities is the activation of work on establishment and development of technology transfer centers as the institutional models of integration of fundamental, applied science, education and business that are an important element for establishing the national innovation system.
Рынки доверительных благ и цифровая экономика
Authors: Манукянц С.В. , Фурин А.Г. 
Published: February 2025

Выделены сущностные институциональные особенности цифровой экономики. Показано, как это влияние способно проявляться на рынках доверительных благ. Предложена модель рынка услуг высшего образования в условиях цифровой экономики, на основании которой проведён качественный анализ изменения величины и структуры трансакционных издержек в результате цифровизации рынка доверительного блага.
Introduction. Rapid development of information and communication technologies led to the emergence of “digital economy”, which initially existed as a separate branch, and later penetrated almost in all spheres of economic activity. Thegoal of this research is to reveal and systematize the institutional features of digital economy that affect the amount and structure of transaction costs in the markets of trust goods. Theresearch methods include the analysis of materials of relevant Russian and foreign scientific papers, subsequent synthesis of institutional features of digital economy on their basis, analytical and graphic simulation. Results. Today digital economy is not a separate sphere or branch of economic activity. It is the state of economic system where both the functioning of individual economic agents and the relationship between them (i.e. market infrastructure) are built on the widespread use of digital technologies based on the data management and the artificial intelligence. Such infrastructure reduces costs of searching for information, measurement, negotiation, and conclusion of contracts. At the same time, however, property rights are eroded, which leads to an increase in the costs of specification, property rights protection, and opportunistic behavior. Consumption of trust goods is accompanied by maximum measurement costs both ex post and ex ante. As an example, the authors constructed a model of a digitized market of services for higher education. Within the framework of such model, it becomes possible to construct an automatic qualified agent, which due to machine learning technologies and artificial intelligence, is able to offer students possible learning trajectories based on their preferences and existing skills. Conclusion. The constructed model proves that the digitalization allows to reduce the transaction costs for all market participants (employers, universities and students) bringing higher education closer to the model of an experienced good. At the same time, it certainly has the drawbacks. The problem of personal data security is the major one.