bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards online UAS‐based photogrammetric measurements for 3D metrology inspection
Authors: Menna Fabio , Nocerino Erica , Remondino Fabio , Saladino Luca , Berri Luigi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the development of a vision metrology system for high‐accuracy three‐dimensional measurements of large structures requiring dimensional tolerancing. The proposed system integrates a V‐STARS N platinum photogrammetric system from Geodetic Systems, a DJI M600 Pro UAS with Ronin‐MX gimbal and a dual antenna for real‐time kinematic positioning. The paper presents the system architecture and the developed software for camera network simulation and image acquisition. As an acquisition scenario, a large dish parabolic antenna is simulated. The benefits of the developed procedure include the ability to handle obstacle avoidance and self‐occlusions and, employing a rigorous camera network simulation approach, to overcome the limitations of currently available flight planning commercial tools that are mainly conceived for mapping applications. Future work will consider extensive testing of the platform in real‐case scenarios.
Soluble programmed death‐1 (sPD‐1) as predictor of early surgical outcomes of paediatric cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Ben Salah Eya , Sakly Wahiba , Barrera Coralie , Mosbahi Sana , Bellanger Anne‐Pauline , Farhani Rabeb , Ksia Amine , Gottstein Bruno , Nouri Abdellatif , Babba Hamouda , Millon Laurence 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsFollowing treatment, cystic echinococcosis (CE) exhibits a relatively high relapse rate. Here, we evaluated the value of soluble programmed death‐1 (sPD‐1), sPD‐1 ligand (sPD‐L1) and anti‐recP29 antibody concentrations, as predictors of early surgical treatment outcomes in young CE‐affected patients.Methods and resultsThis prospective study included 59 Tunisian children (177 plasmas), where CE was surgically treated and monitored for 3 post‐operative years. Based on CE post‐surgical development, patients were clustered into a ‘No relapsed’ CE (NRCE; n = 39) and a ‘Relapsed’ CE (RCE; n = 20) group. Plasma levels of sPD‐1, sPD‐L1 and anti‐recP29 IgG were measured using ELISA. In the NRCE group, sPD‐1, sPD‐L1 and anti‐recP29 IgG concentrations were significantly lower at D365 than at D30. By contrast, in the RCE group, no significant difference was observed between D0, D30 and D365. When considering individual variations, the probability to be ‘relapse‐free’ was 67% and 73% when anti‐recP29 IgG and sPD‐L1 level, respectively, decreased between D30 and D365. The probability to be ‘relapse‐free’ was 86% when the sPD‐1 level decreased between D30 and D365 (P = .003; chi‐square test).ConclusionsPD‐1 may be a useful biomaker for the early evaluation of surgical procedure efficacy in paediatric CE cases.
Introgression of a novel cold and drought regulatory‐protein encoding CORA‐like gene, SbCDR, induced osmotic tolerance in transgenic tobacco
Authors: Jha Rajesh Kumar , Patel Jaykumar , Patel Manish Kumar , Mishra Avinash , Jha Bhavanath 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA potent cold and drought regulatory‐protein encoding gene, SbCDR was cloned from an extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata. In vitro localisation study, performed with SbCDR::RFP gene‐construct revealed that SbCDR is a membrane protein. Overexpression of the SbCDR gene in tobacco plants confirmed tolerance against major environmental constraints such as salinity, drought and cold, as evidenced by improved chlorophyll contents, plant morphology, plant biomass, root length, shoot length and seed germination efficiency. Transgenic lines also exhibited high accumulation of proline, total sugar, reducing sugar, free amino acid and polyphenol, besides the low level of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. SbCDR transgenic lines showed better relative water contents, membrane stability index and osmotic water potential. Furthermore, higher expression of ROS scavenging genes was observed in transgenic lines under stress. Moreover, microarray analysis revealed that several host genes were upregulated and downregulated under drought and salt stress conditions in SbCDR transgenic line compared with control (WT) plants. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of the halophytic SbCDR gene has intense effects on the abiotic stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants. However, the exact mode of action of SbCDR in multiple abiotic stress tolerance of plants is yet to be unveiled. It is believed that the precise role of SbCDR gene will provide additional information to comprehend the abiotic stress tolerance mechanism. Furthermore, it will appear as a promising candidate gene for improving stress tolerance in different crop plants for sustainable agriculture and crop productivity.
Microsphere stem blockage as a screen for nitrogen‐fixation drought tolerance in soybean
Authors: Pradhan Deepti , Bertin Diana , Sinclair Thomas R. , Nogueira Marco A. , Livingston David , Carter Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSymbiotic nitrogen‐fixation of soybean (Glycine max [Merr.] L) commonly decreases in response to soil drying in advance of other plant processes. While a few soybean lines express nitrogen‐fixation drought tolerance, breeding for genetic variation is hampered by laborious phenotyping procedures. The objective of this research was to explore the potential of an initial screen for nitrogen‐fixation drought‐tolerant genotypes based on a possible relationship with xylem‐vessel diameter. The hypothesis was that nitrogen‐fixation drought tolerance might result from fewer, large‐diameter xylem vessels in the stem that are vulnerable to disrupted flow as water deficit develops. The disrupted flow could cause nitrogen products to accumulate in nodules resulting in negative feedback on nitrogen‐fixation rate. The proposed screen involved exposing de‐rooted shoots to a suspension containing microspheres (45–53 μm diameter) and recording the decrease in transpiration rate as a result of microsphere xylem‐blockage. Two soybean populations were tested. One population was progeny derived from mating of two parents with high and low nitrogen‐fixation drought sensitivity. A high correlation (R2 = 0.68; P < 0.001) was found in this population between decreasing transpiration rate resulting from the microsphere treatment and increasing sensitivity of nitrogen‐fixation to soil drying. The second tested population consisted of 16 genotypes, most of which had been previously identified in germplasm screens as expressing nitrogen‐fixation drought tolerance. Nearly half of the lines in this second population were identified in the screen as showing minimum blockage of transpiration when exposed to the microspheres. Overall, these results showed the potential of using the microsphere screen to identify candidate genotypes expressing nitrogen‐fixation drought tolerance.
Lactation‐related mammary gland pathologies—A neglected emergency in the bitch
Authors: Vasiu Iosif , Dąbrowski Roman , Tvarijonaviciute Asta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMastitis is a common reproductive disorder in bitches, reaching a prevalence of 0.71%. Mastitis has a wide range of forms, from asymptomatic to severe gangrenous mastitis that can lead to septic shock and death of the bitch and nurslings. However, most of the time it is overlooked, undiagnosed or mistreated. The present systematic review was performed to revise and summarize the existing knowledge related to this disorder, including diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
More power, more control: The legitimizing role of expertise in Frontex after the refugee crisis
Authors: Fjørtoft Trym N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores how the appeal to depoliticized expertise worked to legitimize increased supervisory and executive power to the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, Frontex, after the 2015 refugee crisis. Frontex is an EU agency operating in a highly salient field, removed from hard‐science “gold standards” of evidence, where member states have been reluctant to delegate power and sovereignty. Through a process‐tracing case study, this article finds that appeals to technical neutrality, quantification, and objective indicators nevertheless were central when a new mandate for the agency was negotiated, giving Frontex unprecedented supervisory and executive power. They were also important resources for member states concerned about Frontex's increased powers. By focusing on an agency at a remove from the natural‐science archetype, this article contributes to the literature on knowledge use in independent agencies. It suggests that technical expertise can be a powerful source of legitimacy even in a field removed from “hard” science.
Construction of Blocked Factorial Designs to Estimate Main Effects and Selected Two-Factor Interactions
Authors: Godolphin J. D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo-level factorial designs are widely used in industry. For experiments involving n factors, the construction of designs comprising 2n and 2n-p factorials, arranged in blocks of size 2q is investigated. The aim is to estimate all main effects and a selected subset of two-factor interactions. Designs constructed according to minimum aberration criteria are shown to not necessarily be the most appropriate designs in this situation. A design construction approach is proposed which exploits known results on proper vertex colourings in graph theory. Examples are provided to illustrate the results and construction strategies. Particular consideration is given to the special case of designs with blocks of size four and tables of designs are given for this block size.
Touching sacred texts, touching history: Using manuscripts to teach scribal practices and material scripture in the biblical studies survey course
Authors: Homrighausen Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough recent scholarship on the biblical studies survey course has sought to bring in a wide array of new methods and ways to incorporate the Bible into the broader liberal arts curriculum, a dearth of tactics for employing biblical manuscripts in the classroom remains. This article details one experience crafting two class sessions for an introductory Hebrew Bible course, employing manuscripts and rare books to spark students' insights into the questions of textual transmission, scribal practices, the materiality of sacred texts, and the significance of manuscripts as windows into the people and cultures which create, use, and own them. This lesson plan successfully facilitated firsthand learning about the importance of embodied texts as witnesses to the complex, messy transmission of the Hebrew Bible and its role in diverse cultures and times.
Macrophage depletion of CMV latently infected donor hearts ameliorates recipient accelerated chronic rejection
Authors: Haese Nicole N. , Burg Jennifer M. , Andoh Takeshi F. , Jones Iris K. A. , Kreklywich Craig N. , Smith Patricia P. , Orloff Susan L. , Streblow Daniel N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is linked to acceleration of solid organ transplant vascular sclerosis (TVS) and chronic rejection (CR). Donor latent CMV infection increases cardiac‐resident macrophages and T cells leading to increased inflammation, promoting allograft rejection. To investigate the role of cardiac‐resident passenger macrophages in CMV‐mediated TVS/CR, macrophages were depleted from latently ratCMV (RCMV)‐infected donor allografts prior to transplantation. Latently RCMV‐infected donor F344 rats were treated with clodronate, PBS, or control liposomes 3 days prior to cardiac transplant into RCMV‐naïve Lewis recipients. Clodronate treatment significantly increased graft survival from post‐operative day (POD)61 to POD84 and decreased TVS at rejection. To determine the kinetics of the effect of clodronate treatment's effect, a time study revealed that clodronate treatment significantly decreased macrophage infiltration into allograft tissues as early as POD14; altered allograft cytokine/chemokine protein levels, fibrosis development, and inflammatory gene expression profiles. These findings support our hypothesis that increased graft survival as a result of allograft passenger macrophage depletion was in part a result of altered immune response kinetics. Depletion of donor macrophages prior to transplant is a strategy to modulate allograft rejection and reduce TVS in the setting of CMV + donors transplanted into CMV naïve recipients.
Synergic control of a single muscle: The example of flexor digitorum superficialis
Authors: Madarshahian Shirin , Letizi John , Latash Mark L. 
Published: November 2020

Key points
We used the idea of synergic control and the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis to explore the synergic control of a single muscle.
Individual motor units in flexor digitorum superficialis formed two‐three groups (MU‐modes) with parallel changes in firing frequency, robust over force‐up and force‐down segments.
There were strong force‐stabilizing synergies in the MU‐mode space during accurate cyclical force production.
The results show, for the first time, that the idea of synergic control is applicable to individual muscles.
The results suggest that segmental spinal mechanisms, such as recurrent inhibition and stretch reflex, probably play a major role in the synergic control of action.
AbstractIn the present study, for the first time, we have used the idea of synergic control and the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis to test two hypotheses: (i) individual motor units are organized into stable groups (MU‐modes) with parallel scaling of firing rates with changes in the muscle force, and (ii) the gains of MU‐mode involvement co‐vary to stabilize the desired force magnitude. Young healthy subjects performed accurate cyclical force tracing tasks at 1 Hz by pressing with intermediate phalanges; only one finger was instructed to produce force at a time. Surface electromyographic signal from flexor digitorum superficialis was recorded and used to identify individual motor units and their firing frequencies. Principal component analysis with rotation and factor extraction was used to identify MU‐modes, which showed similar compositions over the force‐up and force‐down task segments. Inter‐cycle variance analysis in the MU‐mode space confirmed the existence of strong synergies stabilizing finger force. There were no synergies stabilizing MU‐mode magnitude in the space of individual motor units. This is the first application of the UCM framework to the neural control of a single muscle. It extends the applicability of this approach to analysis of individual muscles. We discuss the importance of the findings for the idea of hierarchical control and the notion of muscle compartments. The results suggest that segmental spinal mechanisms, such as recurrent inhibition and stretch reflex, probably play a major role in the synergic control of action.
Intimate partner violence among women with and without disabilities: a pooled analysis of baseline data from seven violence-prevention programmes
Authors: Chirwa Esnat , Jewkes Rachel , Van Der Heijden Ingrid , Dunkle Kristin 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health and human rights violation which impacts approximately one in three women worldwide. Some existing evidence suggests that women with disabilities are at higher risk of IPV, but is largely limited in geographical scope to the Global North, and comparison across settings has been hampered by inconsistent measurement of both IPV and disability.MethodsPooled analysis of baseline data from 8549 adult women participating in seven IPV prevention studies in five countries across Africa and Asia that used collaborative, comparative measurement strategies to assess both disability and IPV.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, women with disabilities were more likely to experience past 12-month physical IPV (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.79; 95% CI 1.49 to 2.17), sexual IPV (aOR=1.98; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.89), emotional IPV (aOR=1.84; 95% CI 1.49 to 2.27) and economic IPV (aOR=1.66; 95% CI 1.45 to 1.89), with an overall association between disability and past 12-month physical/sexual IPV of aOR=1.93 (95% CI 1.52 to 2.46). Compared to women without disability, women with moderate and severe disability showed a trend of increasing risk of IPV in the past 12 months for each of physical, sexual, emotional and economic IPV. Overall, both women with moderate disability (aOR=1.86, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.21) and women with severe disability (aOR=2.63; 95% CI 1.95 to 3.55) were significantly more likely to experience any form of IPV when compared with women without disability.ConclusionWomen with disabilities are at increased risk of past-year IPV compared to women without disabilities across a range of settings in the Global South, and the risk of IPV increases with increasing severity of disability. IPV prevention and response efforts in these settings must find ways to include and address the needs of women with disabilities, including increased outreach and improved accessibility of programmes.
Caesarean section and the association with migraine: a retrospective register-linked HUNT population cohort study
Authors: Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Børte Sigrid , Hagen Knut , Zwart John-Anker , Winsvold Bendik Slagsvold 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between caesarean section and migraine in a population-based register-linked cohort study.SettingData from the population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Studies (HUNT2 and HUNT3) were linked to information from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry.Participants65 343 participants responded to the headache questions in any of the two HUNT studies. Only those answering the headache questions in HUNT2 or 3 and had information about mode of delivery in the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry (born after 1967) were included. Our final sample consisted of 6592 women and 4602 men, aged 19–41 years.OutcomesORs for migraine given caesarean section. Analyses were performed in multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsAfter adjusting for sex, age and fetal growth restriction, delivery by caesarean section was not associated with migraine later in life (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.15). Delivery by caesarean section was associated with a reduced OR of non-migrainous headache (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.99).ConclusionNo association was found between caesarean section and migraine in this population-based register-linked study.
Adjusting working conditions and evaluating the risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in different workplace settings in Germany: a study protocol for an explorative modular mixed methods approach
Authors: Rind Esther , Kimpel Klaus , Preiser Christine , Papenfuss Falko , Wagner Anke , Alsyte Karina , Siegel Achim , Klink Antje , Steinhilber Benjamin , Kauderer Johanna , Rieger Monika A 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionCurrently, many countries, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, discuss how the ‘lockdown-restrictions’ could be lifted to restart the economy and public life after the first wave of the COVID-19 disease has subsided. This study protocol describes an approach designed to provide an in-depth understanding of how companies and their employees in Germany deal with their working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We are also interested in how and why the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 could vary across different professional activities, company sites and regions with different epidemiological activity or infection control measures in Germany. We expect the results of this study to contribute to the development of working conditions protecting the health of employees during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisAn explorative multimodal mixed methods approach will be applied.Module 1comprises a document analysis of prevailing federal and regional laws and regulations at the respective location of the participating company.Module 2includes qualitative interviews with key actors at different companies.Module 3is a repeated standardised employee survey designed to capture potential changes in the participants’ experiences and attitudes towards working conditions, occupational safety regulations/measures, and infection control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Module 4comprises SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence testing. This is carried out by the medical service of the participating company sites as a voluntary offer for employees. Qualitative data will be analysed through document and content analysis. The complexity of the quantitative analysis depends on the response rates of modules 3 and 4.Ethics and disseminationThe approval of the study design was received in June 2020 from the responsible local ethical committee of the Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen (No. 423/2020BO). The results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Development in PaCO2over 12 months in patients with COPD with persistent hypercapnic respiratory failure treated with high-flow nasal cannula—post-hoc analysis from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Storgaard Line Hust , Hockey Hans-Ulrich , Weinreich Ulla Møller 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPersistent hypercapnic failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with poor prognosis. Long-term home non-invasive ventilation is recommended for patients with PaCO2>7.0 kPa. Domiciliary high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) reduces PaCO2in short-term studies. This post-hoc analysis examines the effect of HFNC on PaCO2levels, exacerbations and admissions in patients with COPD with persistent hypercapnic and hypoxic failures.MethodsThe original trial included 74 long-term oxygen-treated patients (31 HFNC treated/43 controls) with persistent hypercapnic failure (PaCO2>6 kPa) who completed the 12-month study period. Baseline data included age, sex, blood gases, exacerbations and hospital admissions in the previous year. Data on blood gases were also recorded at 6 and 12 months for all patients. In addition, acute changes in blood gases after 30 min of HFNC use at site visits were examined, as were exacerbations and hospital admissions during study.ResultsPatients were comparable at baseline. After 12 months there was a 1.3% decrease in PaCO2in patients using HFNC and a 7% increase in controls before HFNC use on site (p=0.003). After 30 min of HFNC at visits PaCO2changed significantly, with comparable reductions, at 0, 6 and 12 months, including for controls who tried HFNC at study end (p<0.001). The exacerbation rate increased, compared with 12 months prestudy, by 2.2/year for controls (p<0.001) and 0.15/year for HFNC-treated patients (p=0.661). Hospital admission rates increased in the control group,+0.3/year from prestudy (p=0.180), And decreased by 0.67/year (p=0.013)for HFNC-treated patients.ConclusionThis post-hoc analysis indicates that HFNC stabilises patients with COPD with persistent hypoxic and hypercapnic failures, in terms of PaCO2, exacerbations and number of hospitalisations, whereas those not receiving HFNC worsened. This suggests that HFNC is a possible treatment for patients with persistent hypercapnic COPD.