bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xanthan gum and locust bean gum substrate improves bovine embryo development
Authors: Hara Shunsuke , Aoki Sogo , Nagata Miki , Shirasuna Koumei , Noguchi Tatsuo , Iwata Hisataka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the major difference between the in vivo and in vitro embryonic environments is the stiffness of the culture substrate. Xanthan gum (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG) are natural materials that are safe, inexpensive and easy to handle. In this study, we investigated the effects of using a polysaccharide culture substrate made from 1% XG and 1% LBG (XG‐LBG gel) on bovine embryonic development. Oocytes collected from bovine ovaries were subjected to maturation, and fertilization to generate embryos at an early developmental stage (>4 cell stage). Cleaved embryos were further cultured in a well of 96‐well cell culture plate coated with or without XG‐LBG gel for 5 days. While the developmental rate up to the blastocyst stage did not differ between the two culture systems (control, 38.0 vs. gel, 38.6%), blastocysts developed on the XG‐LBG gel produced significantly high cell numbers and ATP content. Embryos cultured on XG‐LBG gels for 24 hr had high expression levels of F‐actin and a highly even distribution of E‐cadherin. In addition, embryos developed on XG‐LBG gel demonstrated increased translocation of YAP to the nucleus and increased connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein levels (downstream of Hippo signalling). These findings suggest that soft culture substrates improve embryonic development by enhancing mechanotransduction, including YAP‐CTGF signalling.
Current management strategies in Osgood Schlatter: A cross‐sectional mixed‐method study
Authors: Lyng Kristian Damgaard , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Dean Benjamin John Floyd , Kluzek Stefan , Holden Sinead 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundOsgood Schlatter disease (OSD) is the most common knee condition in adolescent athletes aged 9‐16. Without evidence to guide clinical practice, it is unclear how OSD is managed. The aim of this study was to investigate how international healthcare professionals (general practitioners, physiotherapists, rheumatologists, sports and exercise medicine doctors, and orthopedic surgeons) diagnose and manage OSD.MethodsThis mixed‐method study used a convergent parallel design. A quantitative questionnaire and semi‐structured interview covered prognosis, diagnosis, treatment, and return to play of adolescents with OSD. For quantitative data, those who reported likely/very likely considered “for” and unlikely/very unlikely “against” (for specific diagnostic/management strategy). Qualitative data analysis used a phenomenological approach.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐one healthcare professionals completed the questionnaire. The most common diagnostic criterion was pain at the tibial tuberosity (97% for). The most common treatments were patient education (99%) and exercise therapy (92%). Other treatment options were more heterogeneous, for example, pain medication (31% for and 34% against). Managing training load (97%), pain intensity (87%), and psychological factors (86%) were considered the most important factors influencing the return to activities. Several themes emerged from the interviews (on N = 20) including imaging, pain management, family, and psychosocial factors influencing prognosis.ConclusionDiagnosis criteria of OSD were relatively well agreed upon, whereas the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data showed heterogeneity of treatments. Psychosocial factors including family were highlighted as critical in the management of OSD.
Prospective relations of preschoolers’ prosocial and aggressive affect themes in pretend play with prosocial and aggressive behaviors across contexts
Authors: Marcelo Ana K. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChildren’s ability to engage in pretend play is important for healthy development. However, relative to cognitive play features, only a handful of studies have examined the influence of affect expression in pretend play on child development. This study evaluated prospective relations of 250 preschoolers’ (Mage = 49.05 months,SD = 2.95; 50% female; 46% Latinx) expressions of prosocial and aggressive affect themes in solitary pretend play with their prosocial and aggressive behaviors in laboratory and school settings two years later. Prosocial and aggressive affect themes in preschoolers’ pretend play evidenced specific and positive relations with prosocial and aggressive behaviors in the laboratory two years later, but not with teacher‐reported behaviors in school. Multigroup analyses indicated these relations did not vary as a function of child gender, ethnicity‐race, or poverty status. This study illustrates the complexity and behavioral significance of children’s affect expression in pretend play. Implications for understanding children’s play and social development include the need to consider affective (in addition to cognitive) play features, including specific affect themes in pretend play, as a potential window into children’s behavioral strengths and vulnerabilities.
Varied clinical presentation and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in liver transplant recipients: Initial experience at a single center in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Loinaz Carmelo , Marcacuzco Alberto , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Caso Oscar , Cambra Félix , San Juan Rafael , Justo Iago , Calvo Jorge , García‐Sesma Alvaro , Manrique Alejandro , Pérez‐Jacoiste Asín María Asunción , Folgueira María Dolores , Aguado José María , Lumbreras Carlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhich are the consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in liver transplant (LT) recipients?MethodsWe attempted to address this question by reviewing our single‐center experience during the first 2 months of the pandemics at a high incidence area.ResultsNineteen adult patients (5 females) were diagnosed by May 5, 2020. Median age was 58 (range 55‐72), and median follow‐up since transplantation was 83 (range 20‐183) months. Cough (84.2%), fever (57.9%), and dyspnea (47.4%) were the most common symptoms. Thirteen patients (68.4%) had pneumonia in x‐ray/CT scan. Hydroxychloroquine was administered in 11 patients, associated with lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon β in 2 cases each. Immunomodulatory therapy with tocilizumab was used in 2 patients. Immunosuppression (IS) was halted in one patient and modified in only other two due to potential drug interactions. Five (26.3%) patients were managed as outpatient. Two patients (10.5%) died, 10 (52.6%) were discharged home, and 2 (10.5%) were still hospitalized after a median follow‐up of 41 days from the onset of symptoms. Baseline IS regimen remained unchanged in all surviving recipients, with good liver function.ConclusionsOur preliminary experience shows a broad spectrum of disease severity in LT patients with COVID‐19, with a favorable outcome in most of them without needing to modify baseline IS.
A new index of globalisation: Measuring impacts of integration on economic growth and income inequality
Authors: Huh Hyeon‐Seung , Park Cyn‐Young 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe debate over globalisation has intensified over the past decade. Recognition that globalisation comes with grave risks has garnered political support for regionalism as a strategy to build economic and financial resilience. This study is the first attempt to develop a new composite index of globalisation building on the separate contributions of intraregional and extraregional integration. The study also uses the new index to evaluate empirically the possible effects of globalisation on economic growth and income inequality. The index comprises 25 indicators that represent the key socioeconomic components of global integration. Principal component analysis is used to weight each component and construct an aggregate measure. The results show that although globalisation promotes economic growth, it may worsen income inequality. High‐income countries benefit most in that the positive effect of globalisation on economic growth is strongest among them than on other income groups, and they experience a less‐pronounced widening of income inequality. Between the two drivers of global economic integration, intraregional integration is far more important than extraregional integration. The analysis also shows extraregional integration turns out to be mainly responsible for the rise in income inequality that has accompanied globalisation.
Optical coherence tomography imaging of excised canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma tumours
Authors: Dornbusch Josephine A. , Selmic Laura E. , Huang Pin‐Chieh , Samuelson Jonathan P. , Cocca Christina , Wavreille Vincent A. , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging modality that has been investigated for real‐time surgical margin evaluation in human breast cancer patients. Previous veterinary OCT studies have been limited to surgical margin imaging for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) tumours. To the authors knowledge, OCT has never been used to characterize or evaluate other types of neoplasia in dogs. The goal of this study was to characterize the OCT imaging appearance of apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) in excised ex vivo specimens from five client‐owned dogs. All excised tissue surgical margins were imaged using a clinical spectral domain OCT system and two to four areas suspicious for incomplete surgical margins were selected. These areas were inked and sections were trimmed for histopathology. This enabled OCT imaging from each area of interest to be compared with corresponding H&E stained histology imaging from the same location. OCT was able to identify the presence of AGASACA at or within 1 mm of the surgical margin in all areas of interest. AGASACA, similar to the previously described canine STS, generated a dense, highly scattering image without any specific textural architecture. This study was able to validate the ability of OCT to accurately identify another type of tumour presence at or close to the surgical margin in the dog. Further study is needed to assess OCT accuracy at identifying other tumour types in dogs to understand its potential clinical applications.
A combined current density technique for the electrochemical oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with boron‐doped diamond
Authors: Ensch Mary , Rusinek Cory A. , Becker Michael F. , Schuelke Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have unique properties that limit their degradability in the environment. One of these PFAS is an acid (PFOA). Electrochemical oxidation is a promising method for remediation, but energy costs are high. To limit the energy consumption, this study used a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode stack and a combined current density technique that employed 50 mA/cm2 for the first 0.25 hours then lowered the current density to 1, 5, or 10 mA/cm2. This technique is similar to one developed previously; however, that method was only developed for compounds comprising of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen, whereas PFAS have the addition of fluorine. For the degradation of PFOA, the combined current density of 50 and 5 mA/cm2 (50&5) allowed for a 37% reduction in energy usage to obtain 75% defluorination compared to using 50 mA/cm2 alone. Further investigation into remediating an ion‐exchange regeneration solution shows great promise.
Late Cretaceous to Eocene denudation history of the Tolimán area, southern Sierra Madre Oriental, central Mexico
Authors: Guerrero-Paz Deisy N. , Abdullin* Fanis , Ortega-Flores Berlaine , Solari Luigi , Ortega-Obregón Carlos , Juárez-Arriaga Edgar 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
This study presents the first apatite fission-track results from the Tolimán area, which is located in the western portion of the southern Sierra Madre Oriental, central Mexico. In total, six rock samples from different lithostratigraphic units were dated, adding new results to the thermochronological data set of the Sierra de los Cuarzos–San Joaquín–Tamazunchale transect in the Mexican fold-and-thrust belt. The apatite fission-track ages vary from 84 ± 4 Ma to 52 ± 2 Ma, indicating that the main denudation period of the Tolimán area lasted until the Eocene. Combining our results with previous geological data, we suggest that the western part of the southern Sierra Madre Oriental was uplifted and undergoing erosion during the whole period of development of the Campanian–Ypresian Mexican orogenic system. Therefore, the Tolimán area may be considered as one of the source areas from which clastic materials of the Campanian–Maastrichtian Méndez and Paleocene–Eocene Velasco and Chicontepec Formations were partially derived. Older cooling ages recording the latest Aptian accretion of the Guerrero terrane with the Mexican continental interior were not detected in samples from the Tolimán area.
Late-term topical tacrolimus for subepithelial infiltrates resistant to
topical steroids and ciclosporin secondary to adenoviral
keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Arici Ceyhun , Mergen Burak 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Investigation of the efficacy and safety of 12 months of topical
tacrolimus 0.03% ointment treatment against the subepithelial infiltrates
(SEIs) due to adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) resisting at least 2 years
was aimed.

Methods
This case series included consecutive patients with SEIs secondary to AKC
who were resistant to topical steroid and ciclosporin-A (CSA) treatment and
treated with topical 0.03% tacrolimus (Protopic; Fujisawa Healthcare, Teva,
Deerfield, Illinois, USA) for 12 months, at least 2 years after AKC. For the
evaluation of treatment efficacy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Fantes
score, corneal subepithelial infiltrate score (CSIS), Oxford score, Schirmer
and tear breakup time results were evaluated. Intraocular pressure and
complaints of the patients were followed for evaluating the safety profile of
the treatment. The patients were followed after the baseline visit at the 1st,
3rd, 6th and 12th month.

Results
15 eyes of 11 patients with SEIs and 16 eyes of 16 healthy controls were
included in this study. 1 patient (9.1%) could not tolerate the treatment.
Significant improvements in BCVA, CSIS, Fantes score and Schirmer results were
observed in the study group starting from the 3rd-month visit, and the
improvements persisted until the end of 12 months of treatment.

Conclusion
Topical 0.03% tacrolimus might show efficacy against the SEIs persisting
at least 2 years despite corticosteroid and/or CSA treatment without any
prominent side effect. While at least a period of 3 months was necessary for a
significant improvement in the BCVA, SEIs and Schirmer results, a period of
6 months was necessary for a decrease in Oxford score.
Private sector delivery of quality care for maternal, newborn and child health in low-income and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Lattof Samantha R , Maliqi Blerta 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionTo accelerate progress to reach the sustainable development goals for ending preventable maternal, newborn and child deaths, it is critical that both the public and private health service delivery systems invest in increasing coverage of interventions to sustainably deliver quality care for mothers, newborns and children at scale. Although various approaches have been successful in high-income countries, little is known about how to effectively engage and sustain private sector involvement in delivering quality care in low-income and middle-income countries. Our systematic review will examine private sector implementation of quality care for maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) and the impact of this care. This protocol details our intended methodological and analytical approaches, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline for protocols.Methods and analysisFollowing the PRISMA approach, this systematic review will include quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies addressing the provision of quality MNCH care by private sector providers. Eight databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, EconLit, Excerpta Medica Database, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Popline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science) and two websites will be searched for relevant studies published between 1 January 1995 and 30 June 2019. For inclusion, studies in low-income and middle-income countries must examine at least one of the following critical outcomes: maternal morbidity or mortality, newborn morbidity or mortality, child morbidity or mortality, quality of care, experience of care and service utilisation. Depending on the data, analyses could include meta-analysis, descriptive quantitative statistics, narrative synthesis and thematic synthesis. Quality will be assessed using tools for qualitative and quantitative studies.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required for this research, as the secondary data are not identifiable. Findings from this review will be used to develop models for effective collaboration of the private and public sectors in implementing quality of care for MNCH. In addition to publishing our findings in a peer-reviewed journal, the findings will be shared through the Quality of Care Network, relevant mailing lists, webinars and social media.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019143383
Physician attitudes to voluntary assisted dying: a scoping review
Authors: Rutherford Jodhi , Willmott Lindy , White Ben P 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundVoluntary assisted dying (VAD) became legal in the Australian state of Victoria on 19 June 2019 and will be legal in Western Australia from 2021. Other Australian states are progressing similar law reform processes. In Australia and internationally, doctors are central to the operation of all legal VAD regimes. It is broadly accepted that doctors, as a profession, are less in favour of VAD law reform than the rest of the community. To date, there has been little analysis of the factors that motivate doctors’ support or opposition to legalised VAD in Australia.AimTo review all studies reporting the attitudes of Australian doctors regarding the legalisation of VAD, including their willingness to participate in it, and to observe and record common themes in existing attitudinal data.DesignScoping review and thematic analysis of qualitative and quantitative data.Data sourcesCINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Informit were searched from inception to June 2019.Results26 publications detailing 19 studies were identified. Thematic analysis of quantitative and qualitative findings was performed. Three overarching themes emerged. ‘Attitudes towards regulation’ encompassed doctors’ orientation towards legalisation, the shortcomings of binary categories of support or opposition and doctors’ concerns about additional regulation of their professional practices. ‘Professional and personal impact of legalisation’ described tensions between palliative care and VAD, and the emotional and social impact of being providers of VAD. ‘Practical considerations regarding access’ considered doctors’ concerns about eligibility criteria and their willingness to provide VAD.ConclusionA detailed understanding of medical perspectives about VAD would facilitate the design of legislative models that take better account of doctors’ concerns. This may facilitate their greater participation in VAD and help address potential access issues arising from availability of willing doctors.
Multiplicity dependence of quarkonia production in the CGC approach
Authors: Levin Eugene , Schmidt Ivan , Siddikov Marat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the paper we develop, in the CGC approach, a new mechanism for quarkonia production in events with high multiplicity of the soft produced particles. In this mechanism both $$J/\varPsi $$J/Ψ and soft hadrons are produced at short distances $$r\, \propto \,1/Q_s$$r∝1/Qs, where $$Q_s$$Qs is the saturation scale, which is considered to be proportional to the multiplicity of soft hadrons. Using this approach, we analyze the vigorously growing multiplicity dependence of quarkonia production, which was recently discovered by the STAR and ALICE collaborations. We demonstrate that this result presents a strong evidence in favor of multigluon fusion mechanisms of the quarkonia states. We analyze in detail the contribution of the 3-gluon fusion mechanism and demonstrate that it describes correctly all the available experimental data on the multiplicity dependence of $$J/\psi $$J/ψ meson production. We also make predictions for other quarkonia states, such as $$\psi (2S)$$ψ(2S) and $$\varUpsilon (1S)$$Υ(1S), and find that the multiplicity dependence of these states should be similar to that of the $$J/\psi $$J/ψ meson. Finally, we discuss an experimental setup in which the very strong multiplicity dependence could be observed. This observation would be a strong evidence in favor of the CGC approach.
Cosmic evolution of dark energy in a generalized Rastall gravity
Authors: Lin Kai , Qian Wei-Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, we propose a scheme for cosmic evolution in a generalized Rastall gravity. In our approach, the role of dark energy is taken by the non-conserved sector of the stress energy–momentum tensor. The resultant cosmic evolution is found to naturally consists of three stages, namely, radiation dominated, ordinary matter dominated, as well as dark energy and dark matter dominated eras. Furthermore, for the present model, it is demonstrated that the eventual fate of the Universe is mostly insensitive to the initial conditions, in contrast to the standard $$\Lambda \hbox {CDM}$$ΛCDM model. In particular, the solution displays the properties of a dynamic attractor, which is reminiscent of quintessence and k-essence models. Subsequently, the cosmic coincidence problem is averted. The amount of deviation from a conserved stress energy–momentum tensor is shown to be more remarkable during the period when the dark energy evolves more rapidly. On the other hand, the conservation law is largely restored for the infinite past and future. The implications of the present approach are addressed.