bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface displacement revealed by L-band InSAR analysis in the Mayya area, Central Yakutia, underlain by continuous permafrost
Authors: Abe Takahiro , Iwahana Go , Efremov Petr V. , Desyatkin Alexey R. , Kawamura Takumi , Fedorov Alexander , Zhegusov Yuri , Yanagiya Kazuki , Tadono Takeo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent increases in global temperature have stimulated permafrost degradation associated with landform deformation caused by the melting of excess ground ice (thermokarst). Central Yakutia is underlain by ice-rich continuous permafrost, and there are complicated permafrost-related features in forested and deforested areas. This situation makes thermokarst monitoring necessary over a wide area to achieve a better understanding of its dynamics. As a case study, we applied L-band InSAR analysis to map surface subsidence due to thermokarst in this area and to demonstrate the suitability of L-band SAR for such monitoring. Our results show that InSAR detected subsidence/uplift signals in deforested areas and alasses; whereas, there were few ground deformation signals in forested areas with middle coherence. The InSAR stacking process, including both seasonal and inter-annual displacements, showed subsidence in deforested areas during 2007–2010 and 2015–2018, in the range of 0.5–3 cm yr−1. We also estimated the inter-annual subsidence to be up to 2 cm yr−1 during 2015–2018, using InSAR pairs that spanned the same seasonal interval but in different years. The magnitude of subsidence and the spatial patterns are qualitatively reasonable as thermokarst subsidence compared to observations using field surveys and high-resolution optical images. L-band InSAR was effective in maintaining coherence over a long period for a partially forested thermokarst-affected area, which resulted in deriving the inter-annual subsidence by the stacking using four interferograms. The advantage of the persistent coherence in L-band InSAR is crucial to better understand thermokarst processes in permafrost regions.
Is migration a unique field of study in social sciences? A response to Levy, Pisarevskaya, and Scholten
Authors: Hollifield James F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emergence of a new research field or area of study in the social sciences always is fraught with controversy, fits and starts, theoretical, methodological, and even epistemological debates. Migration studies is no different, but some things are relatively unique about this ‘new’ field of study, while others are more conventional. The article on the ‘rise of migration studies’ by the CrossMigration team, Levy et al. (Comparative Migration Studies, 8forthcoming), “Between Fragmentation and Institutionalization” under consideration here captures some of the controversies in migration studies, and poses some interesting questions about the direction of the field. Building on the ‘bibliometric analysis’ of journal articles by the cross-migration group, I ask what is unique about migration studies and what is conventional?
A case of bleeding from maxillary carcinoma embolized from the maxillary and ophthalmic arteries
Authors: Sanomura Takayuki , Norikane Takashi , Fujimoto Kengo , Kawanishi Masahiko , Hoshikawa Hiroshi , Nishiyama Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The majority of maxillary sinus cancers are advanced at initial detection due to anatomical limitations and lack of early symptoms. In patients with orbital invasion, the feeding arteries of the tumor are often associated with the ophthalmic artery in addition to the maxillary artery. We describe a case of tumor bleeding in a patient with recurrent maxillary carcinoma that was treated with embolization from the maxillary and ophthalmic arteries.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old man was treated for left maxillary carcinoma from the maxillary artery with 6 cycles of selective intra-arterial cisplatin infusion with concomitant radiation therapy. He subsequently had epistaxis and underwent arterial embolization for hemostasis. He had almost no sight by this time. Angiography of the left external carotid artery and internal carotid artery revealed blood supply from the maxillary and ophthalmic arteries. Regarding the maxillary artery, coil embolization was performed after embolization with 300-500 μm Embosphere. On the other hand, for the ophthalmic artery, the 3rd portion, supratrochlear artery and dorsal nasal artery, were selected and embolized with coils. Final angiography revealed disappearance of tumor staining and a residual choroidoretinal blush. There was no bleeding that needed treatment up to 2 months after embolization.

Conclusions
In embolization of the ophthalmic artery, it is necessary to embolize the second and subsequent parts because the arteries associated with visual function branch off from the first part. Even in patients whose visual acuity has been almost lost, like in this case, there is a risk of eye pain from embolization at the proximal end, and distal embolization is necessary.
Management of pandemic or large-scale emergencies in Germany with a focus on the current and potential role of university schools of dentistry: Can it help in COVID-19 time?
Authors: Schiller Marcus , Pilette Marijatta , Rahlf Björn , von See Constantin , Gellrich N.-C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The study presented here systematically examines the potential involvement of dental, oral and maxillofacial centres (ZMK) in the management of pandemia or in large-scale emergencies. It looks at available material and infrastructural resources and how they can be brought to bear in such incidents or situations. The aim was to gain an initial scientific overview of how ZMK can potentially contribute to the handling of a pandemia or mass casualty (MASCAL) situation in terms of available resources as well as their location within the hospital as a whole and their integration into the existing infrastructure. The study was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire consisting of 70 individual questions, which was sent to all universities in Germany that offer a course of study in dental medicine. The responses were then statistically evaluated.

Results
The study outlines the current status of ZMK and discusses what could be an important component of emergency medical care in the overall hospital context.

Conclusion
The involvement of ZMK—with their own resources and existing infrastructural links to the hospital as a whole—could lead to faster and more effective patient treatment in the event of a pandemic or MASCAL situation.
Serum D-dimer should not be used in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism within 28 days of total knee replacement surgery
Authors: Toner Ethan , Oputa Tobenna , Robinson Heather , McCabe-Robinson Olivia , Sloan Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Serum D-dimer is frequently used to rule out a diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), a recognised complication following total knee replacement (TKR). TKR is known to cause a rise in D-dimer levels, reducing its specificity. Previous studies have demonstrated that D-dimer remains elevated within 10 days of TKR and therefore should be avoided. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum D-dimer tests are clinically appropriate in identifying VTE when performed within 28 days of TKR.

Methods
Case notes for patients who had a serum D-dimer test performed for clinically suspected VTE at ≥ 28 days following TKR were retrospectively reviewed for a 6-year period. Demographics, D-dimer result, time after surgery and further radiological investigations were recorded.

Results
Fifty patients underwent D-dimer tests at ≥ 28 days following surgery (median 60 days, range 29–266); 48 of these patients had a positive result. Of these, five had confirmed VTE on radiological investigations. Serum D-dimer was raised in 96% of the patients. Only 10.42% of these patients had confirmed VTE. No patients with negative D-dimers had confirmed VTE.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that serum D-dimer remains raised for at least 28 days and possibly considerably longer following TKR. Serum D-dimer should not be used in patients with clinically suspected VTE within this period because of its unacceptably low specificity of 4.44% and positive predictive value of 10.42%, which can lead to a delay in necessary further radiological investigations, waste of resources and unnecessary exposure to harm.
Arterial spin-labelling and magnetic resonance spectroscopy as imaging biomarkers for detection of epileptogenic zone in non-lesional focal impaired awareness epilepsy
Authors: Mohamed Rania Essam-el-dein , Aboelsafa Ashraf Ali , Dawoud Rasha Mahmoud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe proper identification of an epileptic focus is a pivotal diagnostic issue; particularly in non-lesional focal impaired awareness epilepsy (FIAE). Seizures are usually accompanied by alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and metabolism. Arterial spin labeling-MRI (ASL-MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) are MRI techniques that can, non-invasively, define the regions of cerebral perfusion and metabolic changes, respectively. The aim of the current study was to recognize the epileptogenic zone in patients with non-lesional FIAE by evaluating the interictal changes in rCBF and cerebral metabolic alterations, using PASL-MRI and 1H-MRS.ResultsFor identification of the epileptogenic zone, increased ASLAI% assessed by PASL-MRI (at a cut-off value ≥ 5.96%) showed 95.78% accuracy, and increased %AF (at a cut-off value ≥ 9.98%) showed 98.14% accuracy, while decreased NAA/(Cho + Cr) ratio estimated by multi-voxels (MV) 1H-MRS (at a cut-off value ≥ 0.59) showed 97.74% accuracy. Moreover, the combined use of PASL-MRI and MV 1H-MRS yielded 100% sensitivity, 98.45% specificity and 98.86% accuracy.ConclusionThe combined use of PASL-MRI and MV 1H-MRS can be considered as in-vivo proficient bio-marker for proper identification of epileptogenic zone in patients with non-lesional FIAE.
Implementing a community-level intervention to control hypertensive disorders in pregnancy using village health workers: lessons learned
Authors: Shobo Olukolade George , Okoro Anselm , Okolo Magdalene , Longtoe Peter , Omale Isaac , Ofiemu Endurance , Anyanti Jennifer 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy result in about 76,000 maternal deaths per year worldwide. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia cause the most deaths. Interventions for managing these disorders are available in health facilities. We assess the effect of monitoring pregnant women’s blood pressure (BP) in their homes using village health workers (VHWs) equipped with a BP-measuring device on hypertension in pregnancy, in a resource-poor setting. Also, we assess the VHWs’ competence with the BP device, acceptability and appropriateness of the intervention, and factors that affect the implementation of the intervention.

Method
This is a mixed method study comprising quantitative and qualitative data collection. We implemented the intervention over 6 months across three local government areas in Gombe state, northeast Nigeria. The Replicating Effective Program (REP) framework guided the development of the implementation strategy. The quantitative data include routine measurement of pregnant women’s blood pressure and observation of 118 VHW-client interactions. The routine data collection occurred between February and June 2019, and the observation occurred in January and June 2019. The qualitative data collection occurred via six focus group discussions with VHWs and ten in-depth interviews with community health extension workers in June 2019. We analyzed the data from the quantitative arm with SPSS version 23. For the qualitative arm, we transcribed the audio files, coded the texts, and categorized them using thematic analysis.

Result
Nine thousand pregnant women were recruited into the program. We observed a significant reduction in the prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy from 1.5 to 0.8% (Z = 4.04; p < 0.00001) after starting the program. Also, we found that VHWs can assess pregnant women’s BP using a semi-automatic BP-measuring device. The intervention is acceptable and appropriate in resource-poor settings. Poor payment of VHW stipend and cooperation of local health staff are barriers to sustaining the intervention.

Conclusion
In resource-poor settings, health systems can train and equip non-technical people to identify and refer cases of high blood pressure in pregnancy to local health facilities on time. This may contribute to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in these settings.
Cannibalization and sealing of deepwater reservoirs by mass-transport complexes — The Jubilee field, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Cardona Sebastian , Wood Lesli , Moscardelli Lorena , Dunlap Dallas 
Published: October 2020

Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) are important stratigraphic elements in many deepwater basins. In hydrocarbon exploration, MTCs have traditionally been identified as seals although they can also act as migration pathways or cannibalize and compartmentalize adjacent reservoirs. Although the ever-improving resolution of seismic data has enhanced the knowledge about these deposits (e.g., geometry, distribution), at present the potential of MTCs to act as top and/or lateral seals is difficult to predict predrilling and few case studies are publicly available. The key objective here is to present examples of seismically resolvable characteristics of two MTCs in the Jubilee gas field, offshore Gulf of Mexico: one of the MTCs cannibalized part of the reservoir, and the other acted as the top seal. The Jubilee field is an area where the ability of MTCs to act as a top seal has been proven — the field produced approximately 205 billion cubic feet of natural gas until abandonment in 2016. When evaluating the sealing potential of MTCs, seismic interpretation can offer a powerful technique to identify indicators of hydrocarbon leakage. Additionally, mass flows that form MTCs can be highly erosive and cannibalize underlying reservoir deposits, which increase reservoir heterogeneity that can lead to compartmentalization. Our results indicate that the seal MTC in the Jubilee field is a detached MTC and that the translational morphodomain overlies the gas accumulation. Consequently, when predicting the seal potential of MTCs from seismic data, it is important to determine (1) the type of MTC (i.e., attached versus detached), (2) the specific MTC morphodomain overlying the hydrocarbon accumulation/prospect (i.e., the headwall, translational, or toe morphodomains), and (3) the presence of seismic indicators of fluid migration pathways (e.g., gas chimneys, pockmarks, etc.). These results shed some light on the present challenges of predicting the seal potential of MTCs in frontier basins around the world.
Patterns of recent deformation of the western Maracaibo block, northern Colombia and western Venezuela, based on integration of geomorphic indices with regional geology
Authors: Sanchez Javier , Mann Paul 
Published: October 2020

The Maracaibo block is a triangular, continental tectonic terrane that includes two isolated Andean ranges of northern Colombia and western Venezuela: the Sierra de Santa Marta Massif (SSMM; maximum elevation 5700 m) in the west and the Perija Range (PR; 3600 m) to the east. The Cesar-Rancheria Basin (CRB) is an intermontane basin that separates the two ranges. To establish patterns of recent deformation of this elevated region and to infer its tectonic mechanism, we have integrated the following results: (1) analysis of 350 stream profiles and calculations of geomorphic indices, including stream length-gradient (SL) index, ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (VF), and hysometric curves for 20 watersheds in both ranges and (2) interpretation of three seismic reflection profiles within the CRB and adjacent areas. We determine that the northeastern part of the SSMM is tectonically quiescent based on its concave stream profiles, low geomorphic indices, and few vertical-step knickpoints. In comparison, we find that the central, southern, and eastern parts of the SSMM show tectonic uplift and recent fault control based on slope-break knickpoints and values in steepness and geomorphic indices with possible additional controls from lithologies of varying erosional resistance. Correlations between steepness, SL indices, slope-break knickpoints, and topographic elevations of the SSMM and central PR all indicate recent deformation of these areas. We use seismic reflection profiles from the eastern part of the CRB to confirm the existence of late Quaternary faulting and folding in these geomorphologically active areas. We propose that active, southeastward shallow (approximately 10°–15°) subduction of the Caribbean plate along the base of the South American continental crust produces active crustal deformation within the southern and eastern SSMM. The central PR and eastern CRB are also being deformed by active strike-slip faults.
Measuring the Exercise Component of Energy Availability during Arduous Training in Women
Authors: Gifford Robert M. , Greeves Julie P. , Wardle Sophie L. , O’Leary Thomas J. , Double Rebecca L. , Venables Michelle , Boos Christopher , Langford Joss , Woods David R. , Reynolds Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Low energy availability (EA) may impede adaptation to exercise, suppressing reproductive function and bone turnover. Exercise energy expenditure (EEE) measurements lack definition and consistency. This study aimed to compare EA measured from moderate and vigorous physical activity from accelerometry (EEEmpva) with EA from total physical activity (EEEtpa) from doubly labeled water in women. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship of EA with physical fitness, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, heart rate variability (HRV), and eating behavior (Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire [BEDA-Q]).

Methods
This was a prospective, repeated-measures study, assessing EA measures and training adaptation during 11-month basic military training. Forty-seven women (23.9 ± 2.6 yr) completed three consecutive 10-d assessments of EEEmvpa, EEEtpa, and energy intake (EI). EA measures were compared using linear regression and Bland–Altman analyses; relationships of EA with fat mass, HRV, 1.5-mile run times, and BEDA-Q were evaluated using partial correlations.

Results
EA from EEEmvpa demonstrated strong agreement with EA from EEEtpa across the measurement range (R
2 = 0.76, r = 0.87, P < 0.001) and was higher by 10 kcal·kg−1 FFM·d−1. However, EA was low in absolute terms because of underreported EI. Higher EA was associated with improved 1.5-mile run time (r = 0.28, P < 0.001), fat mass loss (r = 0.38, P < 0.001), and lower BEDA-Q score (r = −0.37, P < 0.001) but not HRV (all P > 0.10).

Conclusion
Accelerometry-based EEE demonstrated validity against doubly labeled water during multistressor training, the difference representing 10 kcal·kg−1 FFM·d−1 EEE from nonexercise activity. Beneficial physical but not autonomic adaptations were associated with higher EA. EAmvpa and BEDA-Q warrant consideration for low EA assessment and screening.
Eggshell membrane for DNA sexing of the endangered Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo)
Authors: Yuda Pramana , Saputra Andie Wijaya 
Published: October 2020

Background: Noninvasive DNA sampling has been applied across many avian genetic studies for a variety of purposes including conservation and management of endangered birds. However, its application in megapodes is still lacking. The previous genetic studies on megapodes used either blood or fresh tissue. Here we present the first demonstration of the use of eggshell membrane for research on endangered Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo). Methods: We used 24 post-hatched eggshell membranes collected from two different sites, Tambun and Tanjung Binerean, in North Sulawesi, 12 samples in each. Two different DNA extraction methods: alkaline lysis method and gSYNCTM DNA Extraction Kit were applied. To determine the sex of Maleo, we utilized PCR-based DNA sexing using CHD genes, with the primer set 2550F/2718R. Results: We successfully extracted all samples; the mean sample concentration was 267.5 ng/µl (range 47–510.5 ng/µl) and samples were of high purity (A260/280 ratio 1.85±0.03). All samples were used to successfully identified sexes, 9 females and 15 males. Conclusions: Our research clearly illustrates that eggshell membranes can be used for DNA sexing and open the possibility to build noninvasive DNA collections over large spatial scales for population study of endangered birds.
Two brief group interventions for individuals with tinnitus in Israel
Authors: Martz Erin , Chesney Margaret A , Livneh Hanoch , Ungar Omer J , Harel Saar , Terracini Dor , Oron Yahav 
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims Subjective tinnitus is a common impairment throughout the world and typically cannot be cured. Coping strategies are cognitive, affective, and behavioural approaches for managing stressors like tinnitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two brief interventions on coping and tinnitus-related distress. Methods A total of 45 individuals with tinnitus in Israel were allocated into one of three groups: acceptance and commitment therapy, coping effectiveness training, or a waitlist control group. Outcomes were assessed at three time points by the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced scale and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, a measure of tinnitus-related distress. Results There was a significant difference among the groups on post-intervention Tinnitus Handicap Inventory assessment, but not on coping, when controlling for baseline scores. Pairwise comparisons indicated that the coping effectiveness training group scored significantly lower on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory than the waitlist control group. Conclusions While the results are promising, a larger study is needed to further explore the efficacy of the brief coping effectiveness training intervention.
Geometry and kinematics of the Baza Fault (central Betic Cordillera, South Spain): insights into its seismic potential
Authors: Medina-Cascales I. , Martin-Rojas I. , García-Tortosa F.J. , Peláez J.A. , Alfaro P. 
Published: October 2020

The geometry and kinematics of active faults have a significant impact on their seismic potential. In this work, a structural characterization of the active Baza Fault (central Betic Cordillera, southern Spain) combining surface and subsurface data is presented. Two sectors are defined based on their surface geometry: a northern sector striking N–S to NNW–SSE with a narrow damage zone and a southern sector striking NW–SE with a wide damage zone. A kinematic analysis shows pure normal fault kinematics along most of the fault. Geometric differences between the northern and southern sectors are caused by i) a heterogeneous basement controlling the fault geometry at depth and in the cover; ii) different orientations of the Baza Fault in the basement with respect to the regional extension direction and iii) interaction with other active faults. We use this structural characterization to analyse the segmentation of the Baza Fault. According to segmentation criteria, the entire Baza Fault should be considered a single fault seismogenic segment. Consequently, the seismic potential of the fault is defined for a complete rupture. Magnitude for the Mmax event is calculated using several scale relationships, obtaining values ranging between Mw 6.6 and Mw 7.1. Recurrence times range between approximately 2,000 and 2,200 years for Mmax events and between 5,300 and 5,400 years for palaeo-events. A geodetic scenario modelled for an Mmax event of Mw 6.7 shows permanent vertical displacements of more than 0.40m and an overall WSW–ENE extension during entire ruptures of the Baza Fault.