bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Glucose Concentrations in Early Pregnancy and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Childhood
Authors: Wahab Rama J. , Voerman Ellis , Jansen Pauline W. , Oei Edwin H.G. , Steegers Eric A.P. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Gaillard Romy 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the associations of maternal early‐pregnancy glucose and insulin concentrations with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors and fat distribution.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort study among 3,737 mothers and their children, random maternal glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at a median gestational age of 13.2 (95% range 10.5‐17.1) weeks. Childhood fat, blood pressure, and blood concentrations of lipids, glucose, and insulin at the age of 10 years were measured.ResultsHigher maternal early‐pregnancy glucose and insulin concentrations were associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight, and higher maternal early‐pregnancy insulin concentrations were associated with an increased childhood risk of clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors (all P < 0.05). These associations were explained by maternal prepregnancy BMI. Independent of maternal prepregnancy BMI, one SD score (SDS) higher maternal early‐pregnancy glucose and insulin concentrations were associated with higher childhood glucose (0.08 SDS, 95% CI: 0.04‐0.11) and insulin concentrations (0.07 SDS, 95% CI: 0.03‐0.10), but not with childhood blood pressure, lipids, and fat measures.ConclusionsThese results suggest that maternal early‐pregnancy random glucose and insulin concentrations are associated with childhood glucose and insulin concentrations but not with other childhood cardiometabolic risk factors.
Baseline Metabolic Variables Do Not Predict Weight Regain in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Martins Catia , Gower Barbara A. , Hunter Gary R. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline (pre–weight loss) metabolic variables can predict weight regain.MethodsAbout 117 women with overweight completed a weight loss program to achieve BMI < 25 kg/m2 and were followed for 2 years. Resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, insulin sensitivity, and serum leptin concentration were measured pre–weight loss, while on energy balance, and as predictors of weight regain at 1 and 2 years. Rate and amount of weight loss also were examined as predictors, as these outcomes may reflect metabolic phenotype.ResultsAverage weight loss was 12 (SD 2.5) kg, and regain was 48% (SD 35%) and 80% (SD 52%) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. In regression modeling, metabolic variables (both pre–weight loss and changes with weight loss) did not predict weight regain. However, initial weight loss and time to achieve BMI < 25 were significant predictors of weight regain at 1 and 2 years, even after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsBaseline (pre–weight loss) resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, insulin sensitivity, and leptin did not predict weight regain. However, a larger and faster weight loss was associated with a lower weight regain. Understanding the mechanisms behind interindividual variation in magnitude and rate of weight loss is needed to ensure better weight loss maintenance.
Supramolecular Assembly of Thiophene‐Based Oligomers into Nanostructured Fluorescent Conductive and Chiral Microfibers
Authors: Zangoli Mattia , Di Maria Francesca , Barbarella Giovanna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe implementation of nano/microelectronic devices requires efficient strategies for the realization of supramolecular structures with desired function and supported on appropriate substrates. This article illustrates a strategy based on the synthesis of thiophene oligomers having the same “sulfur‐overrich” quaterthiophene inner core (non bonding interactional algorithm) and different terminal groups. Nano/microfibers are formed on surfaces having a morphology independent of the nature of the deposition substrate and displaying a wide tuning of properties that make the fibers optoelectronically suitable for application in devices.
Impaired lung function following e‐cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury in the first cohort of hospitalized adolescents
Authors: Carroll Brian J. , Kim Michael , Hemyari Ali , Thakrar Pooja , Kump Theresa E. , Wade Thomas , De Vela Gabriel , Hall Jaimee , Diaz Christina D. , D'Andrea Lynn A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeginning June 2019, Children's Wisconsin was the first hospital to identify a cohort of adolescent patients hospitalized with symptoms likely associated with e‐cigarette use. Our report adds to the growing literature describing the radiographic, gross and cytopathologic bronchoscopic findings, and short‐term lung function outcomes in this cohort of adolescents with e‐cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI).MethodsWe present 15 adolescents hospitalized from June to September, 2019 with confirmed EVALI. We abstracted data from inpatient hospitalization and first outpatient pulmonary clinic visit.ResultsThere were 15 patients (11 male, 12 White) with a mean age of 17.1 years. All patients presented with subacute pulmonary, gastrointestinal and constitutional complaints. Diagnostic workup was guided by the Centers for Disease Control criteria for confirmed EVALI case surveillance. Flexible bronchoscopy was performed in 13/15 patients with 10/13 demonstrating gross pathologic abnormalities. Seven of 15 patients required intensive care and 2 met criteria for pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Patients had dramatic improvement with systemic glucocorticoid therapy and 14/15 were discharged on room air. Eleven patients were seen as outpatients. Despite 11/11 patients reporting resolved or improved symptoms, 7/11 had abnormalities on pulmonary function testing. We initiated inhaled corticosteroids for 5/11 patients and 4/11 patients remained on their corticosteroid wean.Conclusions and RelevanceWe report short‐term outcomes of the first cohort of adolescent patients hospitalized with EVALI. An association is observed between clinical improvement and treatment with systemic corticosteroids. However, residual airway reactivity or diffusion abnormalities persisted when patients were re‐evaluated in the short‐term period (mean 4.5 weeks).
SWATH‐Proteomics of Ibrutinib's Action in Myeloid Leukemia Initiating Mutated G‐CSFR Signaling
Authors: Dwivedi Pankaj , Chutipongtanate Somchai , Muench David E. , Azam Mohammad , Grimes Harry Leighton , Greis Kenneth D. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo evaluate cellular protein changes in response to treatment with an approved drug, ibrutinib, in cells expressing normal or mutated granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor receptor (G‐CSFR). G‐CSFR mutations are associated with some hematological malignancies. Previous studies show the efficacy of ibrutinib (a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor) in mutated G‐CSFR leukemia models but do not address broader signaling mechanisms.Experimental DesignA label‐free quantitative proteomics workflow to evaluate the cellular effects of ibrutinib treatment is established. This includes three biological replicates of normal and mutated G‐CSFR expressed in a mouse progenitor cell (32D cell line) with and without ibrutinib treatment.ResultsThe proteomics dataset shows about 1000 unique proteins quantified with nearly 400 significant changes (p value < 0.05), suggesting a highly dynamic network of cellular signaling in response to ibrutinib. Importantly, the dataset is very robust with coefficients of variation for quantitation at 13.0–20.4% resulting in dramatic patterns of protein differences among the groups.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis robust dataset is available for further mining, hypothesis generation, and testing. A detailed understanding of the restructuring of the proteomics signaling cascades by ibrutinib in leukemia biology will provide new avenues to explore its use for other related malignancies.
Preclinical safety studies of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Petrus-Reurer Sandra , Kumar Pankaj , Padrell Sánchez Sara , Aronsson Monica , André Helder , Bartuma Hammurabi , Plaza Reyes Alvaro , Nandrot Emeline F. , Kvanta Anders , Lanner Fredrik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based reparative cell therapies are reaching the bedside, there is a growing need for the standardization of studies concerning safety of the derived products. Clinical trials using these promising strategies are in development, and treatment for age-related macular degeneration is one of the first that has reached patients. We have previously established a xeno-free and defined differentiation protocol to generate functional human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In this study, we perform preclinical safety studies including karyotype and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess genome stability, single-cell RNA sequencing to ensure cell purity, and biodistribution and tumorigenicity analysis to rule out potential migratory or tumorigenic properties of these cells. WGS analysis illustrates that existing germline variants load is higher than the introduced variants acquired through in vitro culture or differentiation, and enforces the importance to examine the genome integrity at a deeper level than just karyotype. Altogether, we provide a strategy for preclinical evaluation of PSC-based therapies and the data support safety of the hESC-RPE cells generated through our in vitro differentiation methodology.Significance statement This study evaluated the preclinical safety of in vitro differentiated retinal pigment epithelial cells from embryonic stem cells by (a) examining karyotype and performing whole genome sequencing to assess genome stability; (b) performing single-cell RNA sequencing to ensure purity and absence of undifferentiated cells; and (c) examining biodistribution and tumorigenicity of transplanted cells to rule out malignant growth and migratory properties. The derived cells proved to be safe, and this study altogether provided a strategy for preclinical evaluation of PSC-based therapies. Also, the whole genome sequencing analysis illustrates that the preexisting load of germline variants is significantly higher than the introduced variants acquired through vitro culture or differentiation, which enforces the importance to evaluate the genome integrity at a deeper level than just karyotype.
Recent Development on Controlled Synthesis of Metal Sulfides Hollow Nanostructures via Hard Template Engaged Strategy: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Jin Qian‐Qian , Zhang Chen‐Yang , Wang Wan‐Ni , Chen Ben‐Jin , Ruan Juan , Qian Hai‐Sheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this mini‐review, we highlighted the recent progresses in the controlled synthesis of metal sulfides hollow nanostructures via hard template technique. After a brief introduction about the formation mechanism of the inorganic hollow nanostructures via hard template technique, the discussions primarily focused on the emerging development of metal sulfides hollow nanostructures. Various synthetic strategies were summarized concerning the use of the hard template engaged strategies to fabricate various metal sulfides hollow nanostructures, such as hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, ion‐exchange, sulfidation or calcination etc. Finally, the perspectives and summaries have been presented to demonstrate that a facile synthetic technique would be widely used to fabricate metal sulfides hollow nanostructures with multi‐shells and components.
Research on constructing sponge city indicator and decision evaluation model with fuzzy multiple criteria method
Authors: Chang Hsueh‐Sheng , Su Qingmu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCities face acute shock like hurricanes and floods, and chronic stresses such as droughts, water shortages, urban floods, and urban using water. How cities can create a development model in which the water and environment can coexist to alleviate the problem with urban water has become a common problem faced by countries or cities. Sponge city construction becomes a possible option to meet these challenges. According to the dimensions of pre‐assessment, this article constructs the sponge city assessment indicator which is divided into three aspects: water ecosystem, socioeconomic system, and institutional and mechanism system; then, the degree of importance and degree of satisfaction are applied as the evaluation framework for the fuzzy multiple criteria to perform the comparison between the government officials and the public regarding the evaluation to analyze group differences. The results are that the difference in the evaluation dimensions between the officials and the public is between 0.8 and 1, but there exists difference in the degree of importance of water management and water use, and in the degree of satisfaction with water development, water efficiency, and mechanism. This result is helpful to find the problems and provide a decision basis for the further exploration.Practitioner points

Constructed indicators for sponge city construction, which can be used to evaluate stormwater management.

Using fuzzy multiple criteria to compare officials and public can be used as a basis for decision‐making in water management.

Constructed three indicators of sponge city: water ecosystem, socioeconomic system, and institutional and mechanism system.
Towards an International Height Reference Frame Using Clock Networks
Authors: Wu Hu , Müller Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEstablishing an International Height Reference Frame (IHRF) has been a major goal of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) for a long time. One challenge is to obtain the vertical coordinates, i.e., geopotential numbers, of the reference stations with high precision and global consistency. A promising approach is using clock networks, which are powerful in precisely obtaining geopotential or height differences between distant sites through measuring the gravitational redshift effect by comparing clocks’ frequencies. We propose a hybrid clock network following a specific hierarchy. It includes stationary clocks as the backbone of the frame and transportable clocks for regional densifications. The vertical coordinates of the clock stations can be straightforwardly referenced to the unique benchmark by various long-distance frequency transfer techniques, like using optical fibers or free-space microwave and laser links via relay satellites. Another practical way towards an IHRF is to unify all local height systems around the world. Clock networks are considered as an alternative to classical geodetic methods. The idea was verified through closed-loop simulations. We found that the measurements acquired by a few 10−18 clocks, three or four in triangular or quadrangular distributions for each local system, are sufficient to adjust the discrepancies between local datums and the systematic slopes within local height networks.
Charakterisierung teleradiologisch untersuchter Patienten an einem Krankenhaus der Schwerpunktversorgung
Authors: Schreyer Andreas G. , Elgharbawy M. , Dendl L. M. , Rosenberg B. , Menzebach Axel 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Evaluation teleradiologischer Untersuchungen bezüglich der häufigsten Anforderungszeiten, der Häufigkeit angefragter Untersuchungen und klinischer Fragestellungen sowie zusätzlicher Auswertung der Pathologiefrequenz, gegliedert nach Organregionen und Fragestellungen.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Analyse der klinischen Angaben, Fragestellungen, untersuchten Organregionen und Diagnosen aller konsekutiven teleradiologischen Computertomographie(CT)-Untersuchungen eines Schwerpunktversorgers aus dem Jahr 2018, der 3 Kliniken der Basis- und Grundversorgung teleradiologisch betreut. Subgruppenanalysen häufiger klinischer Angaben und Befunde nach Organregionen und eine zusätzliche Auswertung des Untersuchungszeitpunktes (Datum und Tageszeit) wurden durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 1207 Fälle aus der teleradiologischen Befundung eingeschlossen. Am häufigsten wurden CT-Untersuchungen des Schädels mit 77,9 % (davon 14,6 % mit Pathologie) durchgeführt, gefolgt von Abdomen mit 14 % (63,9 % pathologisch), Wirbelsäule/Extremitäten mit 8,8 % (50 % pathologisch) und des Thorax mit 7,9 % (53,7 % pathologisch). Die meisten Anforderungen wurden am Wochenende zwischen 8 und 16 Uhr, gefolgt von 16 bis 18 Uhr an Werktagen gestellt. Die geringste Untersuchungsfrequenz lag zwischen 2 und 4 Uhr morgens.

Schlussfolgerung
Teleradiologische CT-Untersuchungen werden vorwiegend zur Abklärung von zerebralen Pathologien durchgeführt, gefolgt von Fragestellungen bezüglich vermuteter Pathologien des Abdomens/Beckens, Skelettsystems und des Thorax. Dabei weist die zerebrale Bildgebung die niedrigste, die Bildgebung von Abdomen/Becken die höchste Pathologie-Inzidenz auf.
Fatigue modeling for wrought magnesium structures with various fatigue parameters and the concept of highly strained volume
Authors: Nischler A. , Denk J. , Huber O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMechanical fatigue tests of unnotched, notched, and bending twin-roll cast AZ31B magnesium alloy specimens are performed in which strain fields are analyzed with digital image correlation. Clearly, delimited macroscopic bands of twinned grains (BTGs) in which the compressive strain is significantly higher compared to the adjacent regions are observed. Conventional fatigue parameters, e.g., the strain amplitude, exhibited higher values within the BTGs. This findings are confirmed by the fact that for all investigated specimens the initial macroscopic cracks are observed within the BTGs. Consequently, for the presented concept of highly strained volume, fatigue parameters are determined from the highly strained regions with high strain amplitudes. This paper focuses on the application of the effective strain amplitude fatigue parameter decomposed in an elastic and plastic portion, the Smith-Watson-Topper fatigue parameter and energy-based fatigue parameters within the concept of highly strained volume. An extended stress–strain hysteresis model is presented to compute stress–strain hystereses for arbitrary load ratios, required to determine the mentioned fatigue parameters. The application and evaluation of five different fatigue parameters within the concept of highly strained volume demonstrates the accurate description of the fatigue life until failure.
Effect of conditioning and test stimulus intensity on cortical excitability using triad-conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Hassan Shady Safwat , Trenado Carlos , Rageh Tarek Ali , Schnitzler Alfons , Groiss Stefan Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCortical facilitation assessed with triad conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation has been termed triad-conditioned facilitation (TCF). TCF has been supposed to reflect increased intracortical facilitation (ICF) at short interstimulus intervals (ISI) around 10 ms and an intrinsic rhythm of the motor cortex at longer ISI around 25 ms. To gain further insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of TCF, we systematically studied the effect of suprathreshold conditioning stimulus (CS) and test stimulus (TS) intensity on TCF. Various CS intensities and TS intensities were used in a triad-conditioning paradigm that was applied to 11 healthy subjects. ISI between pulses were studied between 5 and 200 ms. TCF at 10 ms ISI enhanced with increasing CS intensity but decreased with increasing TS intensity. The duration of facilitation was longer with higher CS intensity. However, TCF at 25 ms ISI could not be elicited with none of the CS and TS intensities addressed here. Our results are consistent with the notion of TCF at short ISI reflecting ICF. The enhanced and prolonged facilitation with increase of CS without additional isolated facilitation at longer ISI suggest a prolongation of ICF.
Use of Direct Liver Stiffness Measurement in Evaluating the Severity of Liver Cirrhosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gu Jin , Zhang Erlei , Liang Binyong , Zhang Zunyi , Long Xin , Xiang Shuai , Wang Wenqiang , Chen Xiaoping , Huang Zhiyong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeverity of liver cirrhosis plays an important role in determining the safe extents of hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct liver stiffness measurement can help surgeons to evaluate the severity of liver cirrhosis in HCC patients.MethodsOverall, 119 HCC patients who underwent open hepatectomy were retrospectively studied. The severity of liver cirrhosis was histologically staged using the Laennec staging system. Direct liver stiffness measurement was performed during operation using a sclerometer device named LX‐C Shaw hardmeter, and its efficacy in assessing the severity of liver cirrhosis was compared with that of transient elastography (TE) and cirrhotic severity scoring (CSS) previously proposed by our team.ResultsLiver stiffness measured by LX‐C Shaw hardmeter was significantly correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis. Spearman correlation coefficients for the correlation between the severity of liver cirrhosis and direct liver stiffness measurement, TE, and CSS were 0.751, 0.454, and 0.705, respectively (all P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of direct liver stiffness measurement were 0.891 for moderate cirrhosis and 0.944 for severe cirrhosis and superior to those of TE (0.735 and 0.776, respectively) and CSS (0.888 and 0.905, respectively).ConclusionsDirect liver stiffness measurement is a useful method in evaluating the severity of liver cirrhosis in HCC patients.
Moyamoya angiopathy: radiological follow-up findings in Finnish patients
Authors: Savolainen Marika , Pekkola Johanna , Mustanoja Satu , Tyni Tiina , Hernesniemi Juha , Kivipelto Leena , Tatlisumak Turgut 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose
Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a chronic progressive disorder, but imaging changes observed over time are not yet characterized in European populations. We analyzed the progression of MMA with magnetic resonance imaging and angiography (MRI and MRA) in our Finnish MMA registry. Stage classification based on MRA findings was used to evaluate the progress of the disease.

Methods
32 patients with MMA were evaluated with MRI and MRA and compared to previous imaging. The follow-up imaging was done 103 (range 6–380) months after the MMA diagnosis, and 64 (range 6–270) months after the previous imaging. We graded the disease stage according to the previously described MRA grading scale.

Results
No acute lesions, including silent ischemic strokes were found in the follow-up image compared to latest available previous image. One patient had an asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage since the last imaging. Ivy sign was observed in 22% of the patients in the follow-up image. Six percent (n = 2) had microhemorrhages and 9% (n = 3) white matter lesions in the follow-up imaging. The MRA grade was evaluated from the follow-up images and it was 3 and 2.5 points (right and left, respectively). Fifty-six percent (n = 18) had old ischemic lesions in the follow-up image. Majority (71%) of the old ischemic lesions were large anterior circulation infarcts.

Conclusions
A slow progression of MMA-related changes on MRI/MRA was found, being in line with our previous reports suggesting a rather benign course of the disease in the Finnish population.