bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaboration in a circular economy
Authors: Bloise Camila 
Published: November 2019

PurposeGiven the lacuna in sustainability studies which investigate collaborative supply chain relationships in the context of the circular economy (CE), the purpose of this paper is to explore how farmers manage stakeholder relationship in the supply chain to reduce food waste within the CE framework.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews is used to collect primary data for this research. Interviews are conducted with farmers across different farming types in the UK. A thematic analysis is used to discuss the most prominent themes.FindingsThe findings extend previous research investigating collaboration in sustainability settings. Farmers adopt collaborative relationships to manage exchanges of food waste and to share knowledge of waste management practices. However, contrary to extant literature, the study finds that geographic proximity is still relevant in the CE framework, although its importance is determined by the type of exchange: i.e. physical or non-physical.Practical implicationsBased on the study’s findings, recommendations for further research are proposed. The study also advises on practical considerations for supply chain managers wishing to adopt collaborative relationships to support circular models of supply chains.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the sustainability literature by adding new knowledge to the relatively new theory of the CE. It demonstrates that factors of collaboration identified in previous sustainability research are still relevant in the CE framework, and thus require further investigation into the significance of collaboration. The study is also of relevance to supply chain managers wishing to adopt the CE framework in the transition to more sustainable supply chains.
Money laundering control: the missing link in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Murray-Bailey Sherene Alicia 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the socio-economic effect of money laundering in Trinidad and Tobago. It assesses the efficacy of the administration of justice in addressing money laundering and the confiscation of the proceeds of crime. It identifies deficiencies within the existing anti-money laundering system and provides recommendations to ensure a robust anti-money laundering framework in keeping with international standards.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper embraces a pluralist approach. It uses qualitative and quantitative methods and uses a case study approach with contextual qualitative analysis. Empirical data are used and causal connections are linked to the analysis.

Findings
The paper highlights a fragmented and inefficient system in addressing money laundering and the confiscation of the proceeds of crime. It concludes that a robust money laundering framework, which meets international standards, requires strong legislative and institutional alignments that promote timeliness, collaboration and efficiency across many agencies.

Research limitations/implications
Findings are limited to Trinidad and Tobago and to the period ending December 2018. Accordingly, these findings lack generalisability.

Practical implications
Trinidad and Tobago needs to revisit its silo approach to anti-money laundering (AML). New policies which embrace harmonisation, collaboration and timeliness in adjudicating upon ML matters are critical.

Social implications
The negative socio-economic effects of money-laundering are considered in this paper. A disruption of money laundering and the confiscation of the proceeds of crime, benefits society economically and socially.

Originality/value
Trinidad and Tobago has been listed as a country with strategic AML deficiencies by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). This study provides assistance in guiding much needed reform in the anti-money laundering area and has not before been undertaken.
Digital forensics and evolving cyber law: case of BIMSTEC countries
Authors: Jayasekara Sisira Dharmasri , Abeysekara Iroshini 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of digital forensics in an evolving environment of cyber laws giving attention to Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) countries, comprising Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan, in a dynamic global context.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a case study approach to discuss the digital forensics and cyber laws of BIMSTEC countries. The objective of the study was expected to be achieved by referring to decided cases in different jurisdictions. Cyber laws of BIMSTEC countries were studied for the purpose of this study.

Findings
The analysis revealed that BIMSTEC countries are required to amend legislation to support the growth of information technology. Most of the legislation are 10-15 years old and have not been amended to resolve issues on cyber jurisdictions.

Research limitations/implications
This study was limited to the members of the BIMSTEC.

Originality/value
This paper is an original work done by the authors who have discussed the issues of conducting investigations with respect to digital crimes in a rapidly changing environment of information technology and deficient legal frameworks.
Data mining for statistical analysis of money laundering transactions
Authors: Lokanan Mark Eshwar 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use statistical techniques to mine and analyze suspicious transactions. With the increase in money laundering activities across various sectors in some of the world’s leading democracies, the ability to detect such transactions is gaining grounds with more urgency. Regulators and practitioners have been calling for an approach that can mine the large volume of unstructured data form suspicious money laundering transactions to inform public policies.

Design/methodology/approach
By deducing from the results of empirical studies in the field of money laundering detection, this paper presented an overview of data mining technology for detecting suspicious transactions.

Findings
After chronicling the data mining process, the paper delves into an analysis of the statistical approaches that can be used to differentiate between legitimate and suspicious money laundering transactions. The different stages of the data mining process are carefully explained in relation to their application to anti-money laundering compliance. The results indicate that statistical data mining methodology is a very efficient and useful technique to detect suspicious transactions.

Practical implications
The paper is of relevance to regulators and the financial service sector. A discussion of how data can be mined to facilitate statistical analysis can be used to inform regulatory policies on the detection and prevention of money laundering activities in the financial service sector.

Originality/value
The paper discuss approaches that illustrate how analysts can use statistical techniques to analyze data for suspicious money laundering transactions
Beyond placement, layering and integration – the perception of trade-based money laundering risk in UK financial services
Authors: Menz Mario 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of trade-based money laundering in Letters of Credit (“L/C”) transactions among trade finance practitioners in the UK banking sector and to compare it to the perception of the same risk by the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the regulator of the UK’s banking sector.

Design/methodology
A survey was used to carry out research among financial services professionals engaged in trade finance in the UK.

Findings
This paper contributes to the existing literature in a number of ways. First, it investigates the perception of trade-based money laundering risk from the perspective of financial services professionals, which has not previously been done. Second, it argues that the perception of trade-based money laundering in financial services is overly focussed on placement, layering and integration, and that the full extent of the offence under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 is less well known. It further found that financial services firms need to improve their understanding of the nature of trade-based money laundering under UK law.

Practical implications
This study argues that the financial services sector’s perception of trade-based money laundering risk in trade finance is underdeveloped and makes suggestions on how to improve it.

Originality/value
It provided unique insight into the perception of trade-based money laundering risk among financial services professionals.
Quo Vadis legal profession participation in anti-money laundering
Authors: Go Lisanawati , Benarkah Njoto 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the obstacles that the ethical guidelines of legal professionals pose in the implementation of an effective anti-money laundering regime, established in the law on anti-money laundering in Indonesia. Some compliance schemes have been developed to integrate the participation of gatekeepers in anti-money laundering efforts, but the solution to mitigate the challenges must be implemented through the participation of the legal profession.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a qualitative research methodology, including a triangulation of interviews with relevant experts, literature review and analysis of regulations. A deductive approach is employed to analyse the data.

Findings
The legal profession’s ethical regulations and laws were considered to be the cause for the Indonesian Government’s inability to implement the anti-money laundering regime. The findings show two practical solutions that could be implemented: A government policy for the amendment of the anti-money laundering law and organizational policy to increase support for the anti-money laundering regime; and active participation of legal professionals in an effective anti-money laundering regime in Indonesia.

Originality/value
This study provides insight into the participation of the legal profession in anti-money laundering efforts.
Prediction of restoration factor for various maintenance types of railway systems using analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Das Tapash Kumar , Goyal Neeraj Kumar , Gautam Anirudh 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
For repairable systems (RSs), reliability estimation is generally performed using virtual age models. Virtual age models consider the effect of maintenance actions by reducing system age using restoration factor (RF). RF is generally estimated from system failure data using various statistical methods. However, RSs such as railway systems experience various types of maintenance actions at different times during their life cycle. To consider all these different types of actions, we need multiple RFs in the virtual age model. As failure data are limited, the estimation of so many parameters becomes a complex problem and it can lead to erroneous inferences. These RFs are representative of effects of maintenance activities on the system. Therefore, these can be predicted from the information about the maintenance actions performed on the system. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper considers different types of maintenance actions to predict RF of the system. These maintenance actions involve the replacement of components at some level of assembly. Each component in an assembly has its own impact on assembly restoration. RF for assembly/systems can be obtained by aggregating effects of multiple component replacement using analytical hierarchy process . The RF values obtained for different types of maintenance actions are then used to calculate the virtual age of the system at different failure points. Using these virtual age failure points, suitable distribution is fitted and parameters are estimated. The distribution and parameters provide information about reliability of the system at any point of time.

Findings
This paper provides an easier approach that gives different RFs for different types of PM and CM. To calculate RFs, it considers the impact of maintenance actions performed as well as the impact of the component on which they are performed. It is simpler and gives more consistent results than other approaches, which estimate RF using different statistical methods.

Originality/value
This paper provides an alternative approach to predict RF parameters instead of estimating these parameters using statistical methods. Estimation of parameters using different statistical methods is complex in nature and gives erroneous and inconsistent results. The approach given in this paper is simpler and gives more reliable results. This approach can be useful in estimating parameters for RSs when failure data are limited.
Risk analysis of engineering systems for sustainable industrial development using the Taguchi approach
Authors: Emovon Ikuobase , Norman Rosemary 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
One of the key elements of a maintenance system is risk analysis because the risk level of an engineering system will determine the maintenance policy required. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is widely applied in evaluating risk of failure of engineering systems. However, the conventional FMEA used in analyzing risk by most industries has shortcomings such as an inability to utilize imprecise and interval data in prioritizing risk. To overcome these limitations, different variants of FMEA have been reported in the literature. However, these modified approaches are computationally intensive; hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient FMEA-based methodology that is easy to analyze and implement.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed technique combines the Taguchi method with FMEA in order to analyze risk of engineering systems easily and effectively. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with a case study of the fuel oil system of a marine diesel engine.

Findings
The results of the integrated Taguchi method and FMEA, when compared with well-known techniques, namely, VIKOR and compromise programming, from the literature are very similar. From the comparative analysis, it was evident that the proposed method is a viable option to the more computationally intensive approaches used in the literature.

Originality/value
The approach proposed is novel and simple and can be implemented more easily than approaches from the literature in analyzing risk.
The effects of political orientation on corporate social (ir)responsibility
Authors: Jeong Nara , Kim Nari 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of political orientation on corporate social (ir)responsibility. In specific, it investigates CEO political liberalism, and its moderation with government political liberalism on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR).

Design/methodology/approach
Panel regression analysis was conducted using 3,136 firm-year observations of 751 CEOs in the USA.

Findings
Results show that the effects of CEO liberalism are positive on CSR and negative on CSIR. During the reign of a democrat president, however, CEO political liberalism shows different impacts on CSR and CSIR. Interactions between the same political orientations are negatively associated with CSR, but not significantly associated with CSIR.

Originality/value
The primary contribution of this paper is in presenting the interactive effects of external environment and CEO attributions on CSIR.
Cradle-to-cradle zero discharge production planning system for the pulp and paper industry using a fuzzy hybrid optimization model
Authors: Jeng Shiou-Yun , Lin Chun-Wei , Tseng Ming-Lang , Jantarakolica Tatre 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a cradle-to-cradle (C2C) zero discharge production planning system with a fuzzy hybrid optimization model that uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to establish fuzzy indicators, and then defuzzify the fuzzy indicators to construct a fuzzy multiobjective programming (FMOP) model.

Design/methodology/approach
The FMOP model pursues overall satisfaction using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to produce the best output values for the maximum waste paper recovery rate, the condensate reuse quality and minimum total cost of the zero discharge production planning system.

Findings
Recovered waste heat is seldom recycled and consumed in Taiwan. There is a need to capture and utilize heat recovery and use it in the production process supply. In contrast, waste materials are used as resources to perform waste paper recovery and recycle the waste heat of evaporation collection in the production process.

Originality/value
This paper develops a system to establish the best output value for an overall high satisfaction level. According to the results, the waste paper recovery rate is 99.8 percent, condensate reuse quality water is 102.6 tons and the total cost of the zero discharge production planning system is NT$1,312,012.
Ancestry Estimation Using Cranial and Postcranial Macromorphoscopic Traits
Authors: Spiros Micayla C. , Hefner Joseph T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAncestry estimation methods using macromorphoscopic (MMS) traits commonly focus exclusively on cranial morphology. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the value of postcranial MMS traits, highlighting a combined cranial/postcranial trait approach to ancestry estimation using quadratic discriminant function and a variety of machine learning classification models including artificial neural networks (aNN), random forest models, and support vector machine. Eight cranial and eleven postcranial MMS traits were collected from the Terry and Bass Skeletal Collections (American Black = 81; American White = 173). Our classification models using cranial and postcranial traits correctly classified 88–92% of the sample, improving classification accuracies by nearly fifteen percent over models relying exclusively on cranial data. These same results demonstrate the importance of a multivariate statistical framework incorporating cranial and postcranial data and the nearly unlimited potential of machine learning models to improve the accuracy of ancestry estimates over traditional methods of analysis. To facilitate implementation in casework, one of the more robust models (aNN) is incorporated into a web‐based application, ComboMaMD Analytical, to facilitate cranial and postcranial MMS traits analysis for ancestry estimation.
Liposomal Encapsulated Ethanolic Coconut Husk Extract: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Olatunde Oladipupo Odunayo , Benjakul Soottawat , Vongkamjan Kitiya , Amnuaikit Thanaporn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCharacteristics of liposomal encapsulated ethanolic coconut husk extract (LE‐ECHE) prepared using two levels of lipid phase (LP) containing soybean phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixture of 4:1 mol ratio (60 and 80 µmol/mL) and two ECHE concentrations (1% and 2%) were investigated. Poly‐dispersity index, zeta‐potential, and particle size of LE‐ECHE samples were 0.22% to 0.28%, −70.4 to −53.63 mV, and 232 to 697.65 nm, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency of all samples was 75.25% to 90.11%. LE‐ECHE prepared with LP content of 60 µmol/mL and 1% ECHE (LP60‐EC1) was milky, whereas UN‐EC1 (un‐encapsulated ECHE) was brownish in color. ECHE retained its antioxidant activity even after entrapment in liposome, although higher activity was recorded for UN‐EC1. Encapsulation of ECHE in liposome enhanced antibacterial properties of ECHE. Hence, LP60‐EC1 showed promising potential as a delivery based system for lowering dark color, a drawback associated with ECHE as well as improving the antibacterial properties of ECHE.Practical ApplicationEthanolic coconut husk extract (ECHE) contains polyphenols with diverse biological activities such as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, there are limited applications of ECHE in food industries, mainly because of its distinctive dark brown color. A homogeneous and stable liposomal system was demonstrated to be an efficient delivery based system for ECHE. Remarkably, antimicrobial property of ECHE was enhanced with liposomal encapsulation, whereas antioxidant activities of ECHE were retained. Also, liposomal encapsulation was shown as the potential technique to mask the undesirable dark brown, a drawback associated with ECHE for wider application.
Massive extrusion of calcium hydroxide paste containing barium sulphate during endodontic treatment
Authors: Montenegro Fonsêca Jéssica , Rangel Palmier Natália , Amaral‐Silva Gleyson Kleber , Aristizabal Arboleda Lady Paola , Affonso Almeida José Flávio , de Goes Mario Fernando , Agustin Vargas Pablo , Ajudarte Lopes Marcio , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA 31‐year‐old woman was referred for the evaluation of persistent lower lip numbness following endodontic treatment of tooth #36. Imaging examinations showed a large amount of radiopaque/hyperdense material spread in an angiographic distribution in the left mandibular body region. Laboratory analyses of tooth #36 and adjacent periapical tissue, surgically extracted in an external Service due to acute pain following endodontic treatment, identified chronic inflammatory reaction and birefringent crystalloid foreign bodies rich in barium and sulphur, leading to the diagnosis of alveolar nerve injury due to accidental extrusion of intracanal dressing material composed of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste incorporated with barium sulphate. Clinicians should be aware that Ca(OH)2 when in contact with periapical tissues may lead to persistent toxicities, such as necrosis, pain and paraesthesia. Therefore, injectable Ca(OH)2 systems should be used with caution because they can cause paste extrusion and damage to the lower alveolar nerve.
Multivariate analysis of TU wave complex on electrocardiogram in Andersen–Tawil syndrome with KCNJ2 mutations
Authors: Horigome Hitoshi , Ishikawa Yasuhiro , Kokubun Norito , Yoshinaga Masao , Sumitomo Naokata , Lin Lisheng , Kato Yoshiaki , Tanabe‐Kameda Yuri , Ohno Seiko , Nagashima Masami , Horie Minoru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe exact differences between the TU wave complex of ATS1 and that of healthy individuals remain to be investigated. We sought to characterize the TU wave complex of Andersen–Tawil syndrome type 1 (ATS1) using high frequency electrocardiogram (ECG) data.MethodsElectrocardiograms were recorded as time series data with a 2 kHz frequency ECG amplifier in 13 patients with ATS1 (positive for KCNJ2 mutation, ATS1 group) and age‐matched healthy individuals (control group). Conventional ECG parameters were measured, and principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) were applied to the TU wave complex.ResultsTime from T peak (Tp) to U peak (Up), time from bottom (B) to Up, and time from B to U end (BUe, U duration) (0.232 ± 0.018 vs. 0.165 ± 0.017, p < .0001), where B is the lowest point between T and U waves, were all longer in the ATS1 group than the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BUe could completely differentiate the two groups. PCA ratios in the ATS1 group were significantly larger than the control group (26.5 ± 12.3 vs. 10.4 ± 6.2, p = .0005). ICA revealed 1 or 2 U‐wave‐specific independent components (ICs) that exclusively comprise the U wave in ATS1, whereas U waves in the control group were composed of some ICs that also comprised T waves.ConclusionsU‐wave‐related temporal parameters, particularly BUe, and the existence of U‐wave‐specific ICs, extracted in the ICA, are useful for differentiation of U waves in ATS1 from those in healthy individuals.