bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of short carbon fiber content and water absorption on tensile and impact properties of PA6/PP blend based composites
Authors: Aparna S. , Purnima D. , Adusumalli R.B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPA6 absorbs moisture, restricting its use in humid applications. The first objective of this study is to process composite parts to be used in high humid applications using PA6 blend based matrix (PA6/PP/PP‐g‐MA) and SCF (3‐15 wt%) reinforcement. The second objective is to perform tensile and impact tests in both dry and wet conditions. The third objective is to carry out the in‐depth analysis of fractography of blends and composites. For blend, more than 50% reduction in water absorption was observed in comparison to pure PA6, indicating the need to blend with PP. The tensile strength of the composite with 15 wt% SCF was 55% and 133% higher than matrix blend in dry and wet conditions respectively indicating the need to reinforce the blend with SCF. Injection molded composites with 15 wt% SCF revealed the tensile strength of 54 MPa, 46 MPa and modulus of 5 GPa, 4 GPa in dry, wet state respectively. At higher SCF content, both SCF and PP are well dispersed in PA6 matrix but fiber pull out led to fracture of dry samples. Post water absorption, tensile fractured samples showed significant fiber pull out, indicating reduction in interfacial adhesion due to water absorption.
Characterization of Risk Factors for Genitourinary Infections with Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Benjamin Trisha , Schumacher Christine 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of genitourinary infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unknown which factors may predispose patients to an increased risk of developing a genitourinary infection.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether hemoglobin A1c levels and other patient‐specific factors at initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy were a predictor for increased risk for genitourinary infections.MethodsA retrospective, multicenter cohort analysis was conducted using data from ambulatory care clinics within a large medical group. Patients 18 years of age or older with a diagnosis of T2DM who were prescribed a SGLT2 inhibitor between January 1, 2013 and October 31, 2018 and completed therapy for at least seven days were included in the analysis. Firth logistic regression was used to detect differences in baseline characteristics and paired t‐tests were used to compare baseline to post‐initiation values for prespecified variables for those patients with a confirmed genitourinary infection.ResultsOf the 739 patients prescribed a SGLT2 inhibitor, 584 were included. Thirty (5.14%) patients experienced a genitourinary infection on SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. Baseline hemoglobin A1c did not confer a significant difference in risk for genitourinary infection (p=0.4239). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was the only variable that significantly differed between those who did and did not develop an infection (p=0.0228). A post hoc analysis reviewing 30 patients initially excluded for a history of genitourinary infection showed 13 (43%) of those patients experienced a genitourinary infection after initiating SGLT2 inhibitor therapy with no difference in risk stratified by baseline hemoglobin A1c level (p=0.9648).ConclusionsThe incidence of genitourinary infection with SGLT2 inhibitor use was lower than suggested in clinical trials, with lower eGFR and history of genitourinary infection the only identified predictors for increased risk in this population. Genitourinary infection risk should not deter clinicians from recommending or prescribing SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.
Compatibility of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana with insecticides and fungicides used in macadamia production in Australia
Authors: Khun Kim Khuy , Ash Gavin J , Stevens Mark M , Huwer Ruth K , Wilson Bree AL 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntegrating fungal biocontrol agents into crop protection programs dominated by synthetic pesticides is an important first step towards developing an integrated pest management (IPM) program; however, their successful integration relies on an understanding of how their performance may be impacted by the remaining agrochemicals deployed for managing other pests and diseases. In this study we tested 10 formulated pesticides used in macadamia production at different concentrations to determine their effects on the germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in vitro. Further tests with laboratory‐grade actives of the noncompatible pesticides were conducted to determine whether any antagonistic effects were caused by the active constituent or by formulation additives.ResultsAt their registered concentrations, formulated trichlorfon, acephate and indoxacarb were compatible with M. anisopliae, whereas B. bassiana showed compatibility with formulated trichlorfon, acephate, indoxacarb, sulfoxaflor and spinetoram. Bioassays using laboratory‐grade active constituents indicated that the adverse impact of formulated beta‐cyfluthrin on both fungal species and that of formulated methidathion on B. bassiana is probably due to components of the emulsifiable concentrate formulations rather than their active constituents. Diazinon was the only insecticidal active that showed high toxicity to both fungal species. The two fungicides, carbendazim and pyraclostrobin, were toxic to both fungal species at all tested concentrations.ConclusionOur results identify which pesticides used on macadamias in Australia are compatible and incompatible with entomopathogenic fungi. Future studies on pesticide degradation rates will help define the spray intervals required to eliminate these adverse effects.
Can the mammalian organoid technology be applied to the insect gut?
Authors: Swevers Luc , Denecke Shane , Vogelsang Kathrin , Geibel Sven , Vontas John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMammalian intestinal organoids are multicellular structures that closely resemble the structure of the intestinal epithelium and can be generated in vitro from intestinal stem cells under appropriate culture conditions. This technology has transformed pharmaceutical research and drug development in human medicine. For the insect gut, no biotechnological platform equivalent to organoid cultures has been described yet. Comparison of the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and growth between insects and mammals has revealed significant similarities but also important differences. In contrast to mammals, the differentiation potential of available insect cell lines is limited and can not be exploited for in vitro permeability assays to measure the uptake of insecticides. The successful development of in vitro models could be a result of the emergence of molecular mechanisms of self‐organization and signaling in the intestine that are unique to mammals. It is nevertheless considered that the technology gap is a consequence of vast differences in knowledge, particularly with respect to culture conditions that maintain the differentation potential of insect midgut cells. From the viewpoint of pest control, advanced in vitro models of the insect midgut would be very desirable because of its key barrier function for orally ingested insecticides with hemolymphatic target and its role in insecticide resistance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Jasmonate induced terpene‐based defense in Pinus massoniana depresses Monochamus alternatus adult feeding
Authors: Chen Ruixu , Huang Kairu , Pan Shiye , Xu Tian , Tan Jiajin , Hao Dejun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSymptoms of pine wilt disease (PWD) are caused when pathogenic pine wood nematodes (PWN) invade healthy host trees via wounds created by adult Monochamus alternatus. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can trigger terpene‐based induced defense in conifers, which is a core part of the conifer defense system. Herein, we hypothesized that the terpene‐based plant defense induced by MeJA could negatively affect the feeding behavior of M. alternatus adults, and may contribute to a new strategy in the control of PWD.RESULTSThe feeding area for M. alternatus adults feeding on MeJA‐treated seedlings was significantly smaller compared with control seedlings. However, no significant difference was detected in the enzyme activities in the midgut of beetles that had fed on these seedlings. Terpenoids were mainly accumulated in traumatic resin duct, whereas the constitutive resin duct accumulated only diterpenoids. Correspondingly, large‐scaled responses at the transcriptional level mainly focused on terpenoid and phenolic biosynthesis in the defending trees.CONCLUSIONSBreeding tree species with a high resin yield may contribute to control of the spread of PWD by suppressing the feeding of M. alternatus adults. Transcriptome sequencing results provided abundant information for further breeding of highly resistant trees. Based on these findings, a potential push–pull strategy for the control of M. alternatus was discussed.
Nonlinear response properties of atomic hydrogen under quantum plasma environment: A time‐dependent variation perturbation study on hyperpolarizability and two‐photon excitations
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sukhamoy , Mukherjee Prasanta K. , Fricke Burkhard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPilot calculations on the frequency‐dependent nonlinear response property, viz. the electric dipole hyperpolarizability of atomic hydrogen under quantum plasma environment, have been performed using an external oscillatory electric field. Fourth‐order perturbation theory within a variational scheme is adopted to obtain the hyperpolarizability within and beyond normal dispersion region. Two‐photon absorption from the ground state is explicitly obtained from the pole positions of nonlinear response of the system and studied up to principal quantum number n = 4. Ground and perturbed wave functions of appropriate symmetries are represented by linear combination of Slater‐type orbitals. Exponential cosine‐screened Coulomb potential is used to simulate the quantum plasma environment. With respect to plasma strength, the nonlinear response properties are considerably enhanced. Results are compared with those under classical plasma environment represented by screened Coulomb potential. Departure from Coulomb potential results in lifting of the accidental degeneracy in the respective two‐photon excited states beyond n = 2. For free hydrogen atom, the transition energies and the radial density profiles of the respective two‐photon excited states match exactly with those obtained from analytical wave functions.
SMARCA4‐deficient lung tumour that presented with haemoptysis and progressed rapidly
Authors: Inoue Mari , Enomoto Tatsuji , Kawamoto Masashi , Mikami Naoto , Kuribayashi Hidehiko , Saeki Noriyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe case of a heavy ex‐smoking man in his early 70s who presented with haemoptysis and died following rapid progression is presented. The tumour excised by surgery was mostly composed of monotonous large rhabdoid cells showing prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm. On immunohistochemistry with SMARCA4 (BRG‐1), the tumour cells showed significant loss of expression. The tumour was diagnosed as a SMARCA4‐deficient thoracic sarcoma. This is a disease that progresses rapidly and has a poor prognosis. However, the search for specific treatments using synthetic lethality is underway. Clinical and pathological characteristics can be identified with examination of more cases, and when the tumour is suspected, it is necessary to actively perform immunohistochemical examination.
Patent disclosure and venture financing: The impact of the American Inventor's Protection Act on corporate venture capital investments
Authors: Mohammadi Ali , Khashabi Pooyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWe investigate the effects of patent disclosure on corporate venture capital (CVC) investments in technology startups. Toward this end, we focus on the passage of the American Inventor's Protection Act (AIPA), which mandated public disclosure of patent applications. Theoretically, technology disclosure enables CVCs to better evaluate startups and thus, could increase the likelihood of investment relations. Conversely, such disclosure may already satisfy the technology‐acquisition objectives of CVCs, reducing CVCs willingness to form an investment relation after disclosure. Our empirical analysis finds that patent disclosure through AIPA increased the likelihood of receiving CVC investments for startups—specifically in industries where patents have higher information significance. We provide evidence that the observed pattern is mainly driven by a reduction of information constraints regarding startups with patent applications.Managerial SummaryReceiving corporate venture capital (CVC) funding is an important success factor for technology startups. Would disclosure of a startup's innovation increase or decrease its chance of receiving CVC funding? On the one hand, disclosure by startups would reduce uncertainty and search costs for CVC investors, which could increase the chance of CVC funding. On the other hand, such a disclosure would reveal the startups' technology to the corporations, which would in turn reduce corporate incentive to use funding as awindow to the startup's technology. Thus, disclosure could also reduce the chance of CVC funding of startups. In this paper, we study the above issue by examining the case of the American Inventor's Protection Act (AIPA), which mandated public disclosure of patent applications. Our results suggest that innovation disclosure significantly improves the likelihood of CVC funding of startups.
Oxidative Dearomatization as a Strategy for a Facile, Metal‐Free Synthesis of Vanillyl Benzodiazepines
Authors: Nunewar Saiprasad N. , Sangu Komal G. , Kotla Naveen K. , Tangellamudi Neelima D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstractisovanillin was conveniently dearomatized into synthetically useful o‐quinol acetate by treatment with phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) in methylene chloride at low temperature. Subsequent treatment with o‐aryl diamines directly furnished vanillyl benzodiazepines in good yields. Vanillyl benzodiazepines, could be the prospective objects of investigation in medicinal chemistry considering the central nervous system depressant activity of benzodiazepines and potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of vanillyl moiety by being present in a single framework. Herein we propose a simple, metal‐free, and efficient approach for the synthesis of vanillyl benzodiazepines via oxidative dearomatization. The regio‐chemistry of product isomers were established by NOE studies.
A University–Lab School Writing Partnership Project: Benefits of Curriculum‐Based Measures and Intervention for Students With Learning Differences
Authors: Faggella‐Luby Michael , Lindo Endia , Jimerson Jo Beth , Payne Kim , Keaney Lauren , Buckley Katie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis department highlights literacy leaders across the globe who are working in the field of literacy education. It features a variety of invited authors whose work is timely and relevant to the theme of access.
Effectiveness of contingent screening for placenta accreta spectrum disorders based on persistent low‐lying placenta and previous uterine surgery
Authors: Coutinho C. M. , Giorgione V. , Noel L. , Liu B. , Chandraharan E. , Pryce J. , Frick A. P. , Thilaganathan B. , Bhide A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesMaternal mortality related to placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders remains substantial when diagnosed unexpectedly at delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a routine contingent ultrasound screening program for PAS.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of data obtained between 2009 and 2019, involving two groups: a screening cohort of unselected women attending for routine mid‐trimester ultrasound assessment and a diagnostic cohort consisting of women referred to the PAS diagnostic service with a suspected diagnosis of PAS. In the screening cohort, women with a low‐lying placenta at the mid‐trimester assessment were followed up in the third trimester, and those with a persistent low‐lying placenta (i.e. placenta previa) and previous uterine surgery were referred to the PAS diagnostic service. Ultrasound assessment by the PAS diagnostic service consisted of two‐dimensional grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography, and women with a diagnosis of PAS were usually managed with conservative myometrial resection. The final diagnosis of PAS was based on a combination of intraoperative clinical findings and histopathological examination of the surgical specimen.ResultsIn total, 57 179 women underwent routine mid‐trimester fetal anatomy assessment, of whom 220 (0.4%) had a third‐trimester diagnosis of placenta previa. Seventy‐five of these women were referred to the PAS diagnostic service because of a history of uterine surgery, and 21 of 22 cases of PAS were diagnosed correctly (sensitivity, 95.45% (95% CI, 77.16–99.88%) and specificity, 100% (95% CI, 99.07–100%)). Univariate analysis demonstrated that parity ≥ 2 (odds ratio (OR), 35.50 (95% CI, 6.90–649.00)), two or more previous Cesarean sections (OR, 94.20 (95% CI, 22.00–656.00)) and placenta previa (OR, 20.50 (95% CI, 4.22–369.00)) were the strongest risk factors for PAS. In the diagnostic cohort, there were 173 referrals, with one false‐positive and three false‐negative diagnoses, resulting in a sensitivity of 96.63% (95% CI, 90.46–99.30%) and a specificity of 98.81% (95% CI, 93.54–99.97%).ConclusionsA contingent screening strategy for PAS is both feasible and effective in a routine healthcare setting. When linked to a PAS diagnostic and surgical management service, adoption of such a screening strategy has the potential to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. However, larger prospective studies are necessary before implementing this screening strategy into routine clinical practice. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
An outbreak of Neospora caninum abortion in a dairy herd from the State of Georgia, United States
Authors: Melendez Pedro , Ilha Marcia , Woldemeskel Moges , Graham Justin , Coarsey Michele , Baughman Debi , Whittington Lisa , Naikare Hemant 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn outbreak of 92 abortions out of 1,700 pregnant cows (5.41%) in a period of 3 weeks (19 May to 05 June 2019) occurred in a Georgia Dairy, USA, in cattle that were between 3 and 7 months of gestation. Two sets of samples (aborted fetuses’ organs, placental tissues, aborted cows blood) were submitted for laboratory investigations at the Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia (TVDIL, Tifton, GA, USA). An abortion panel testing for the major abortion‐causing agents [e.g. Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus/ Bovine Herpes Virus‐I (IBR/ BHV‐I), Brucella spp., Leptospira spp.] was conducted on several of the samples. On the first set of samples, microbial cultures, serology and PCR tests for the common abortifacient agents revealed the presence of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) DNA, which was positive by PCR on the placenta and fetal tissues. The second set of diagnostic investigations also identified two out of three submitted freshly aborted fetuses to be positive for N. caninum by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, all three dams were also sero‐positive for N. caninum. The entire herd was being fed on grass silage harvested from a pasture where feral pigs were hunted previously and carcasses were left behind. As a consequence of this action a large population of wild coyotes were attracted to these carcasses, and likely contaminated the pasture with potential N. caninum‐infected feces. After the abortion outbreak was resolved, it was recommended that the farmers should avoid disposal of cadavers of hunted animals in the wild, as it could attract carnivorous and omnivorous animals that may potentially spread the disease to the cattle and other wildlife.
Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant additives formulated to protect ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer against fire: Hydrated or carbonated calcium?
Authors: Laoutid Fouad , Vahabi Henri , Movahedifar Elnaz , Laheurte Pascal , Vagner Christelle , Cochez Marianne , Brison Loïc , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the chemical nature of different calcium (Ca)‐based minerals as flame retardant additives in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), in 1:1 proportions, on the flame retardancy behavior and performance of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was discussed. Combining APP with partly and completely hydrated calcium oxide led to superior flame‐retardant function detected in mass loss calorimeter measurements with respect to the corresponding system containing carbonated calcium. This privileged character was attributed to the higher reactivity of hydrated Ca‐based fillers toward APP in comparison with Ca carbonate, which induced the formation of an intumescent residue. The difference between reactivity potential of hydrated and dry Ca was demonstrated by the newly formed thermally stable species, and further evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis performed on APP/fillers blends. Moreover, the presence of more crystalline domains in the Ca/phosphorus‐based compounds was evidenced by XRD analysis of the mass loss calorimeter test residues. The results of this work highlight the role of blend additive systems on the performance of flame retardancy of polymer materials.
Global Strategy, Local Action with Biogas Production for Rural Energy Climate Change Impact Reduction
Authors: Momodu A. S. , Aransiola E. F. , Adepoju T. D. , Okunade I. D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlobal climate change impact is predicted to affect various sectors including the energy demand and supply sectors respectively. Combating this impact will require adoption of both global strategy and localized actions. The use of low carbon strategy based on renewables is a global strategy, while waste management of biodegradable materials through the use anaerobic technology to meet energy demand is a local action. Nigeria is among the vulnerable countries to global climate change impact; this is even more aggravated by its dependence on fossil fuel usage as well as poor waste management, which two, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter presents analysis of purified compressed biogas production, a waste conversion option, as a local action to meet rural household energy demand and contribute to global strategy of reducing climate change impact. It discusses both technical and business model approaches to upscale a laboratory experimental procedure for biogas production through anaerobic digestion using vegetal wastes. It shows that using anaerobic technology can achieve efficient waste management and at the same time generate energy that can be used to achieve avoided emissions for climate change impact reduction. The study also concludes that upscaling the project will be sustainable for rural energy augmentation as it produces clean and renewable energy, reduces the use of fossil fuels, provides jobs for skilled and unskilled labor, and generates new return streams.