bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance in ICUs: an update in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cantón Rafael , Gijón Desirèe , Ruiz-Garbajosa Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To describe current antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE Gram-negative microorganisms and their situation in the ICUs, the implication of the so-called high-risk clones (HiRCs) involved in the spread of antimicrobial resistance as well as relevance of the COVID-19 pandemic in the potential increase of resistance.

Recent findings
Extended-spectrum and carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales and multidrug and extensive drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii have increased worldwide. Sequence type (ST)131 Escherichia coli, ST258, ST11, ST10, ST147 and ST307 Klebsiella pneumoniae, ST111, ST175, ST235 and ST244 P. aeruginosa HiRCs are responsible for this increase in the ICUs, and some of them are implicated in the emergence of resistance mechanisms affecting new antimicrobials. A similar situation can be found with European clonal complex 1 and clonal complex 2 of A. baumannii. The high use of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in ICUs, might have a negative influence in future trends of antimicrobial resistance.

Summary
The increase of antimicrobial resistance in ICUs is mainly due to the spread of HiRCs and is exemplified with the ESKAPE Gram-negative microorganisms. The COVID-19 pandemic might have a negative impact in the increase of antimicrobial resistance and should be monitored through specific surveillance studies in ICUs.
Macronutrients, microbiome and precision nutrition
Authors: O’Grady John , Shanahan Fergus 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Precision nutrition and personalized diets are gaining popularity in nutritional science and medicine. To fully appreciate their potential benefits, a deep understanding of both macronutrients and nutrient–microbe interactions is required.

Recent findings
Microbiome science has reaffirmed the importance of dietary fiber in microbial and host health. Additional macronutrients, digestible carbohydrate, protein and fat also influence the composition and diversity of the microbiome and, therefore, microbial response to dietary intervention. Attention to macronutrient source, dose, microbial effect and metabolite production allows the development of more established links between diet and health.

Summary
The degree to which human diets need to be personalized for optimal health is still uncertain but a one-size-fits-all diet seems unlikely. However, for personal or precision nutrition to fulfill its promise, greater attention to the details of nutrient–microbe interactions will be required.
Pivoting Nursing Research and Scholarship During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abshire Demetrius A. , McDonnell Karen K. , Donevant Sara B. , Corbett Cynthia F. , Tavakoli Abbas S. , Felder Tisha M. , Pinto Bernardine M. 
Published: December 2020

Background
The global COVID-19 pandemic has brought numerous challenges for conducting the human subjects research needed to advance science and improve health.

Objectives
The purpose of this article is to discuss how a college of nursing at a large public university in the southeast United States has responded to the challenges of conducting research during the novel COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Seven faculty researchers at the University of South Carolina College of Nursing share their experiences in overcoming the unique challenges of conducting research because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to overcome the challenges posed by COVID-19 are presented within the context of the research process, career implications, communication, and maintaining morale.

Results
Fears of COVID-19 and social distancing measures have hindered participant recruitment, enrollment, and involvement in ongoing studies. Increasing virtual technology use and enhancing safety precautions have assisted researchers to overcome barriers. Scholarly writing has increased for some faculty members whose studies have been stalled by the pandemic, yet others have seen a decline because of additional personal responsibilities. The careers of faculty members across all ranks have been uniquely affected by the pandemic. With most faculty working remotely, enhanced communication strategies at the university and college have supported the research enterprise. Morale has been adversely affected, but a variety of personal and collegial efforts have helped faculty cope and preserve a sense of normalcy during this devastating pandemic.

Discussion
Faculty and their ability to conduct the research needed to inform clinical and public health practice have been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the challenges of conducting research during this unprecedented crisis, faculty and institutions are taking novel steps to ensure the continuity of scientific progress for improving the health and well-being of patients and populations.
Feasibility of a Nonmydriatic Ocular Fundus Camera in an Outpatient Neurology Clinic
Authors: Irani Neha K. , Bidot Samuel , Peragallo Jason H. , Esper Gregory J. , Newman Nancy J. , Biousse Valérie 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To determine the feasibility of nonmydriatic fundus photography in the neurology outpatient setting and to record frequency of clinically relevant fundus findings.

Methods:
Over 5 weeks, fundus photographs were obtained using a nonmydriatic fundus camera in both eyes of adult patients attending our general neurology and headache clinics. A neurologist, who had received 15 minutes of training on the use of the camera, took the photographs. Quality of photographs was graded. Photographs were reviewed by 2 neuro-ophthalmologists. Treating neurologists completed a survey on the use of this technology in the neurology clinic. Feasibility parameters including ease, comfort, speed, quality, and clinical relevance of nonmydriatic fundus photography was assessed.

Results:
We obtained 505 fundus photographs of 206 patients. Median time to completion of photographs per patient was 2.12 minutes. Mean rating for ease, comfort, and speed was 9.7 out of 10. Among these, 160 had normal and 44 had abnormal findings. In 114 of 206 patients, neurologists relied on photographs for ocular fundus assessment. In the remaining 92 patients, 18 patients had abnormal photographs, of which neurologists missed the abnormality in 14 (78%). All neurologists preferred nonmydriatic fundus photography over direct ophthalmoscopy.

Conclusions:
Using nonmydriatic fundus photography in an outpatient neurology clinic is feasible without disrupting patient flow or causing patient discomfort. Findings of optic nerve pallor, optic nerve swelling, or normal optic nerves were particularly relevant to these patients seen for headaches or demyelinating disease and helped inform immediate diagnosis and management.
Nonatrial Fibrillation was Associated With Early Neurological Improvement After Intravenous Thrombolysis With rt-PA in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Liu Jie , Huang Jiaqi , Xu Huimin , Dai Haibin 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Intravenous thrombolysis is the only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, but the immediate response to thrombolysis varies by patient.

Objective:
To investigate the factors associated with early neurological improvement (ENI) after the administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment to AIS patients within 4.5 hours of onset.

Methods:
Demographics, onset to treatment time, risk factors, and clinical and laboratory data of 209 AIS patients undergoing intravenous rt-PA therapy at a Chinese hospital between January 2013 and August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was recorded before thrombolytic therapy, 24 hours after the treatment, and 7 days after the treatment to evaluate the recovery of neurological function. ENI was defined as a ≥4-point decrease in NIHSS score compared with baseline or a score of 0 or 1 at 24 hours and 7 days. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the outcomes.

Results:
Of the 209 AIS patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in patients with ENI. The multivariable analysis showed that non-atrial fibrillation (AF) was independently associated with ENI at 24 hours and 7 days after thrombolysis. An overall 40.3% non-AF patients had ENI 24 hours after thrombolysis (odds ratio=2.501, 95% confidence interval: 1.204-5.198; P=0.014), and 65.9% non-AF patients had ENI 7 days after thrombolysis (odds ratio=2.953, 95% confidence interval: 1.434-6.081; P=0.003). Onset to treatment time was an independent predictor (P<0.05) for ENI at 7 days after thrombolysis. The NIHSS score and diastolic blood pressure on admission were associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation.

Conclusions:
Non-AF was independently associated with ENI after intravenous thrombolysis in AIS patients, but non-AF was not associated with the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Onset to treatment time was an independent predictor of ENI at 7 days after thrombolysis in AIS patients.
The Rehabilitation Medicine Scientist Training Program
Authors: Morse Leslie R. , Morgenroth David C. , Boninger Michael L. , Whyte John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The shortage of physician-scientists in physical medicine and rehabilitation remains a critical problem. The Rehabilitation Medicine Scientist Training Program was developed in 1995 to provide structured career development training for aspiring rehabilitation medicine researchers. Initially funded by a 5-yr K12 grant from the National Institutes of Health National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, the structure was revised in 2001, continued in a stable format through three additional funding cycles (2001–2006, 2006–2012, and 2012–2016), and was again revised to a research education program (National Institutes of Health R25) model in 2019. With this change in format of the Rehabilitation Medicine Scientist Training Program, we now report the productivity of funded trainees and discuss future directions informed by the Rehabilitation Medicine Scientist Training Program’s current R25 structure.
The Importance of Personally Reviewing Imaging for Clinical Correlation
Authors: Berlin Evan , Malave Jose , Whitacre Ross , Sullivan William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A 64-yr-old man with a history of previous motor vehicle collision with chronic back pain presented as a referral to an outpatient spine clinic with a 3-yr history of bilateral lower limb weakness and numbness that progressed to severe bilateral foot drop. He had been seen by another practitioner from a different hospital 2 yrs prior who performed an electromyography that was interpreted as possible primary lateral sclerosis. His clinical picture was difficult to interpret as it did not fit any of the disease patterns, such as a motor neuron disease, suggested by previous electromyography. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifactorial canal stenosis at L3-L4 and L4-L5 with foraminal stenosis. The ordering physician reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine and noticed possible spinal canal stenosis in the lower thoracic region, not noted by the radiologist, and ordered a magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic spine for further evaluation. Overall, this is an interesting case of a patient who had prolonged weakness and numbness in his lower limbs that, although he underwent extensive workup, was misdiagnosed. It is important to realize that thoracolumbar disc herniations can cause mixed upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron signs. This case emphasizes the importance of reviewing the patient’s imaging personally and correlating the imaging to the clinic presentation.
Epithelioid Hemangioma of Vertebra Mimicking Metastasis on FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Yanagisawa Fumi , Amano Yasuo , Omori Yuko , Takagi Ryo , Tang Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vertebral epithelioid hemangioma is a rare vascular tumor composed of the many vessels lined by distinct epithelioid endothelial cells. We present the case of a patient with renal cell cancer (RCC) and suspicious vertebral metastasis presenting with back pain, who was later found to have epithelioid hemangioma. FDG PET/CT demonstrated uptake of FDG not only in RCC, but also in the sixth thoracic vertebral body. The SUVmax of the vertebra was more than twice as high as RCC. This report indicates importance of quantitative assessment of FDG uptake, as well as combined use of MRI.
Demonstration of Double Bladder Diverticula on Bone Scan
Authors: Bian Qianyu , Luo Lingling , Jin Xiaomao , Yao Xiaobo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A 75-year-old man with suspected prostate cancer underwent a 99mTc-MDP bone scan to exclude the possibility of bone metastasis. Scans revealed areas of increased tracer uptake in a symmetric distribution on both sides of the pelvis. Further SPECT/CT imaging showed focal 99mTc-MDP accumulation within 2 cystic lesions on both sides of the bladder. Subsequent x-ray cystography showed contrast agent filling within both cystic lesions, which suggested double bladder diverticula. Eventually, these 2 cystic lesions were confirmed by surgery and pathology as double congenital bladder diverticula.
Two Cases of Decreased 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Lung Uptake in Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy While Taking Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor/Serotonin Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor
Authors: Adaniya Shinobu , Takahashi Miwako , Koyama Keitaro , Ogane Kenichiro , Momose Toshimitsu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy is used to differentiate Lewy body disease from other neurodegenerative disorders. We identified 2 cases with remarkably changed pulmonary uptake between 2 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphies; pulmonary uptake was reduced when patients were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and preserved during the medication-naive or withdrawal state, suggesting that pulmonary uptake involves not only the noradrenaline transporter, but also the serotonin transporter. Pulmonary accumulation may affect the heart-to-mediastinum ratio as the region of interest on the planner image is usually placed on the heart and includes part of the lung. Therefore, we should pay attention to the medication state of patients with decreased pulmonary uptake.
Hallucination, imagery, dreaming: reassembling stimulus-independent perceptions based on Edmund Parish's classic misperception framework
Authors: Waters Flavie , Barnby Joseph M. , Blom Jan Dirk 
Published: December 2020

Within the broad field of human perception lies the category of stimulus-independent perceptions, which draws together experiences such as hallucinations, mental imagery and dreams. Traditional divisions between medical and psychological sciences have contributed to these experiences being investigated separately. This review aims to examine their similarities and differences at the levels of phenomenology and underlying brain function and thus reassemble them within a common framework. Using Edmund Parish's historical work as a guiding tool and the latest research findings in the cognitive, clinical and computational sciences, we consider how different perspectives may be reconciled and help generate novel hypotheses for future research.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
Reconciling competing mechanisms posited to underlie auditory verbal hallucinations
Authors: Thakkar Katharine N. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Ford Judith M. 
Published: December 2020

Perception is not the passive registration of incoming sensory data. Rather, it involves some analysis by synthesis, based on past experiences and context. One adaptive consequence of this arrangement is imagination—the ability to richly simulate sensory experiences, interrogate and manipulate those simulations, in service of action and decision making. In this paper, we will discuss one possible cost of this adaptation, namely hallucinations—perceptions without sensory stimulation, which characterize serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia, but which also occur in neurological illnesses, and—crucially for the present piece—are common also in the non-treatment-seeking population. We will draw upon a framework for imagination that distinguishes voluntary from non-voluntary experiences and explore the extent to which the varieties and features of hallucinations map onto this distinction, with a focus on auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVHs)—colloquially, hearing voices. We will propose that sense of agency for the act of imagining is key to meaningfully dissecting different forms and features of AVHs, and we will outline the neural, cognitive and phenomenological sequelae of this sense. We will conclude that a compelling unifying framework for action, perception and belief—predictive processing—can incorporate observations regarding sense of agency, imagination and hallucination.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
Why do imagery and perception look and feel so different?
Authors: Koenig-Robert Roger , Pearson Joel 
Published: December 2020

Despite the past few decades of research providing convincing evidence of the similarities in function and neural mechanisms between imagery and perception, for most of us, the experience of the two are undeniably different, why? Here, we review and discuss the differences between imagery and perception and the possible underlying causes of these differences, from function to neural mechanisms. Specifically, we discuss the directional flow of information (top-down versus bottom-up), the differences in targeted cortical layers in primary visual cortex and possible different neural mechanisms of modulation versus excitation. For the first time in history, neuroscience is beginning to shed light on this long-held mystery of why imagery and perception look and feel so different.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation'.
LUTS-V: A New Simplified Score for Assessing Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men
Authors: Silva Caroline Santos , de Araujo Ueslei Menezes , Alvaia Mateus Andrade , Freitas Kátia Santana , Gomes Cristiano Mendes , Júnior José de Bessa 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo validate a new simplified score for the assessment of men with LUTS (LUTS-V).METHODSWe made adjustments to the VPSS, resulting in a new simplified instrument (LUTS visual score – LUTS-V). In a pilot study, LUTS-V was administered to 50 men to identify interpretation issues. We used the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) as the gold standard to validate the new tool in 306 men. The total IPSS and LUTS-V scores for each subject were evaluated and we used Bland-Altman analysis and Pearson’s correlation plot to assess the agreement between the scores. A ROC curve was utilized to determine the diagnostic accuracy of LUTS-V and its diagnostic properties were described in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.RESULTSMedian age was 59 [52-67] years and, according to the IPSS, 26 (8.7%) patients had severe symptoms, while 99 (33%) had moderate symptoms, and 175 (58.3%) had mild symptoms. We found a positive correlation between the IPSS and LUTS-V (r = 0.72; p < 0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between the two questionnaires. We found LUTS-V to have a diagnostic accuracy to detect more severe cases of 83% (95% CI: [78-87%]; p < 0.001), as estimated by the area under the ROC curve. The cut-off value of ≥ 4 points was the best threshold, with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 78%, which resulted in a negative predictive value of 81% and a positive predictive value of 71% in this scenario. Median completion time was 0.51 [0.41-1.07] min for LUTS-V and 2.5 [2.2-3.4] min for the IPSS (p < 0.0001). In addition, 91.5% of patients completed the questionnaires with no help, while the other 8.5% were interviewed.CONCLUSIONLUTS-V is a simple, self-administered tool with a significant discriminating power to identify patients with moderate to severe symptoms.
Translational control as a novel regulator of gradient sensing and chemotropism in yeast
Authors: Gelin-Licht Rita , Conlon Patrick J. , Singh Raman , Nair Rohini R. , Haimovich Gal , Baez Camila , Gal Lihi , Schuldiner Maya , Levchenko Andre , Gerst Jeffrey E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe yeast mating pathway regulates haploid cell fusion in response to pheromone signaling via a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that controls directional growth (chemotropism). However, the regulators of chemotropic morphogenesis are ill-defined. By using a non-biased genome-wide screen, we identified hundreds of genes that affect mating. An additional screens identified and validated >20 novel positive and negative regulators of pheromone gradient sensing, chemotropism, shmoo development, and mating. Aside from known regulators of exocytosis and endocytosis, genes involved in translational control downstream of the G-protein-regulated pheromone and filamentous growth MAPK pathways were identified. These include the Scp160 RNA-binding protein and the Asc1, Rpl12b, and Rpl19b ribosomal proteins (RPs). Importantly, we demonstrate that pheromone treatment and Gα(Gpa1) activation stimulate Scp160 binding to (and inhibition of) Asc1, which acts downstream of glucose-activated Gα(Gpa2) on the filamentous growth pathway. Moreover, we identify both Rpl12b and Rpl19b as RP paralog-specific positive regulators of translation of mating components, including Scp160. Thus, opposing MAPK pathways may converge at the level of translational control to regulate signaling output.Abstract Figure
Characterization of habitat requirements of European fishing spiders
Authors: Dickel Lisa , Monsimet Jérémy , Lafage Denis , Devineau Olivier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWetlands are among the most threatened habitats in the world, and so are their species, which suffer habitat loss due to climate and land use changes. Freshwater species and arthropods receive little attention in research and conservation, and the goals to stop and reverse the destruction of wetlands published 25 years ago in a manifesto by the Union of Concerned Scientists have not been reached. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and habitat requirements at two spatial scales of two species of European fishing spidersDolomedes, which rely heavily on declining wetland habitats in Sweden and southern Norway.We collected occurrence data forDolomedes plantariusandDolomedes fimbriatus, using a live-determination-method. We modelled the placement of nursery webs to describe fine scaled habitat requirements related to vegetation and microclimate. Using a machine learning approach, we described the habitat features for each species, and for co-occurrence sites, to provide insight into variables relevant for the detectability ofDolomedes.We found that habitat requirements were narrower forD. plantariuscompared toD. fimbriatus; that the detection of nursery webs can be affected by weather conditions and that nursery placement is mostly dependent on the proximity to water, the presence ofCarex sp.(Sedges) and of crossing vegetation structures, and on humidity. Furthermore, co-occurring sites were more similar toD. plantariussites than toD. fimbriatussites, whereby surrounding forest, water type and velocity, elevation and latitude were of importance for explaining which species ofDolomedeswas present.We provide a detailed field protocol forDolomedesstudies, including a novel live-determination method, and recommendations for future field protocols.