bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining Density Variation of Light Hydrocarbon Mixtures
Authors: Elliott J. Kelly , Kelly P.H. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 219, 1960, pages 170–174.

Abstract
Many engineering functions such as surface metering work and laboratory compressibility check points involve the use of liquid densities of light hydrocarbon mixtures at various pressures and temperatures. However, at the present time, no simple reliable method exists for determining density variation, particularly if the composition of the liquid is unknown. Consequently, a study was undertaken to develop and present a simple and accurate method of predicting density variation of a light hydrocarbon liquid with pressure and temperature, knowing only the density of the liquid at some conditions.
The experimental liquid compressibility data from API Project 37 by age and Lacey have been considered to be accurate within 0.5 per cent and cover a wide range of pressure (14.7 to 10,000 psia), temperature (100 to 400F) and molecular weight (up to 150). From these data, a set of liquid density curves, which relate density to pressure, temperature and molecular weight, was developed. These curves make it possible to predict density variation with pressure and temperature. Compared to extensive laboratory compressibility data on a complex, light hydrocarbon liquid, the use of the liquid density curves resulted in an average error of less than 0.5 per cent.
Based on the results of this analysis, it is concluded that the set of liquid density curves developed from the data of Sage and Lacey provides an accurate and simple method for predicting the density variation of light hydrocarbon liquids when the density at some condition is known. These curves should be very helpful ill many engineering calculations, particularly in the surface metering of light hydrocarbon liquids.
Reservoir Properties and Their Effects on Waterfloods
Authors: Huebner W.B. 
Published: February 2020

Kansas Waterflood Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME,19 November, Great Bend, Kansas
The reservoir properties, both rock properties and fluid properties, are among the major factors affecting the success or failure of any waterflood project. Since this conference is primarily concerned with Lansing-Kansas City Limestone waterfloods, I will try to associate these properties with known properties of the Lansing-Kansas City Limestone.
Porosity, being a basic reservoir property, bears a substantial influence on the secondary recovery of a waterflood. This factor is probably the easiest property to obtain, and therefore it is a more widely known property of the Lansing-Kansas City Lime. It can be easily obtained from either core analyses or log interpretations.
The Lansing-Kansas City Limestone in most fields is a series of porous lime stringers with either shale or dense lime separating the porous stringers. Porosity development in the Lansing has been determined to be of various forms, that is, oolicastic, intergranual, vugular, etc.
The porosity distribution or Lansing reservoirs is very irregular, because of its stratigraphy and variations in types of porosity. Core analyses of two Lansing producers, one in Stafford County and the other in Russell County, indicated these wide variances in porosity. The Stafford County well varied from 10 per cent to 31 per cent, and the Russell County well varied from 14 per cent to 28 per cent. Log interpretations of Lansing reservoirs in the same field in Barton County have indicated porosity variations from 10 to 18per cent.
The ranges of porosity, as indicated by the three previous examples, indicate the necessity for accurately determining porosity, since the use of a" Rule of Thumb" could cause substantial errors in determining secondary recovery. An accurate porosity is also necessary to determine fluid saturations and primary recovery at the initiation of a waterflood.
Case History - Studley Pool Waterflood
Authors: LaRue John W. 
Published: February 2020

Kansas Waterflood Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME,19 November, Great Bend, Kansas

Abstract
A history of the Studley Pool in Sheridan County, Kansas, under both primary and secondary operation is presented. Included is a discussion of the primary performance of the various wells and Lansing-Kansas City zones and the individual performance history of each well since the waterflood was initiated. Also included is a discussion concerning the source of the injected water and the manner by which it was handled and injected.

Introduction
The Studley pool is located in the east central part of Sheridan County, Kansas. The discovery well, Pratt No. 1, was completed in March 1943 and potentialled through perforations opposite the fourth zone (" H" zone)in the Lansing-Kansas City formation for 689 barrels of 42 API oil per day natural. Nine additional wells were drilled during 1943 and 1944, three of which were dry holes, three of which were abandoned temporarily after completion difficulties, and three of which were completed successfully, making a total of four producing wells at that time.
Case History - Krug-Olson Waterflood
Authors: Franey W.R. , Sterling T.H. 
Published: February 2020

Kansas Waterflood Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME,19 November, Great Bend, Kansas

Abstract
The Krug-Olson Waterflood which is currently a part of a cooperative floodprogram, encompasses 480 floodable acres. It was initiated on the F. Krug" A" Lease, Hall-Gurney Field, Russell County, in 1953, as the firstknown, controlled Lansing limestone formation waterflood in Kansas. Inaugurated as a pilot venture with limited reservoir information available, this waterflood has demonstrated the flood-ability of the Lansing formation. Subsequently, extensive waterflood operations have been initiated in the Hall-Gurney Field Lansing formation and in the Lansing pays in other similar Kansas fields. The Krug-Olson waterflood, although developed on an irregular input well pattern and lacking differentiation of injection into the Lansing pay zones, has proven to be an effective and profitable operation. The inputwells are converted producers in which completions were generally through openhole. Injection profile surveys conducted on a portion of the input wells indicate a reasonable displacement can be expected in each of the several zones open to the well bores of input and producing wells. Performance to date indicates secondary recovery greater than 50 per cent of primary recovery can be expected.
Reaction and Properties of Silica-Portland Cement Mixtures Cured at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Patchen F.D. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 219, 1960, pages 281–287.

Abstract
Changes in the properties of portland cement upon the addition of fine-ground silica are discussed. Data were collected from formulations cured for periods up to 60 days at temperatures varying from 180° to 350°F. Compressive strengths, permeabilities and thickening times are compared. It is demonstrated that addition of find-ground silica in proper proportion results in a hydrated cement with superior properties above 230°F; i.e., early compressive strengths are higher and increase with additional curing, permeabilities are significantly lover and thickening times are increased.
X-ray analysis of hydrated cement samples have been used to determine more fully the complex chemistry of these systems. Dicalcium silicate alpha-hydrate was found in all neat cements cured above 260°F. A 10 weight per cent silica addition produced a maximum amount of this phase. Xonotlite and tobermorite have been identified as hydration products at 320°F in systems containing 35 or more weight per cent silica. Formation of these components appears to be primarily responsible for the gain in strength and reduction of permeability observed after the addition of silica.

Introduction
For several years it has been recognized that loss of compressive strength occurs when portland cement is cured at a temperature above 250°F. This phenomenon has been called "strength retrogression". More recently it has been recognized that increased permeability usually is associated with decreased compressive strength at these temperatures. At curing temperatures above 300°F, these factors reach serious proportions. A compressive strength loss of 50 per cent between curing times of 24 hours and 14 days has been reported, and permeabilities as high as 10 md have been measured in neat cements cured at 320°F for seven days.
Earlier investigators, although unsuccessful in eliminating strength retrogression, stated ". . . it appears possible that by the proper selection of additives for cement, strength loss with age at high temperatures can be either eliminated or considerably lessened". One solution suggested was the use of a pozzolanic material, hydrated lime, and a retarder.
Well Testing by Multiphase Flow Meter in Ogdcl Nashpa Field
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Fasih Muhammad , Sheikh Ahsan , Qayyum Faisal , Ali Ashraf , Qureshi Imran 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The numerous advantages and benefits of Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFM) experienced globally by major oil & gas operating companies were studied by and have driven OGDCL for using MPFM for well testing their challenging fields. During the past year, OGDCL has installed, field-tested and deployed their first multiphase flow meter at Nashpa oil field. The objective of the field-testing program of the MPFM was to establish the meter ability to accurately measure the three production phases (oil, water, and gas) and to determine meter reliability in a field environment. During trial testing, the MPFM flow rates were compared to reference conventional test separators and storage tanks within the allowable accuracy bands. Both the meter accuracy and operational reliability were satisfactory to OGDCL acceptance criteria. The application of MPFMs in OGDCL production operations will provide continuous on-line well production monitoring and eliminate large conventional test separators and test lines. As a result, tremendous economic savings would be realized due to a significant reduction in capital and operating expenditures associated with well-testing activities. The MPFM covers a wide range of multiphase applications at several different oil and gas-condensate fields. This technically developed, compact non-radioactive MPFM is targeted for testing wells at remote onshore fields and for future potential unmanned offshore platforms, where weight and space are major concerns. Currently, in OGDCL the combination of MPFM technology with a well-designed test plan is leading to the optimization of the well performance Continuous well-test data being obtained from MPFM is leading to accurate production allocation and better reservoir management. Thus, the introduction of online Multi-phase Flow Metering (MPFM) technology presents a reliable alternative to conventional test separators for well testing and flow measurement in Pakistan's oil and gas industry. This overcomes the limitation of conventional well testing means and technologies to operate with higher gas volume fraction, varying water cut and changing dynamics of the multi-phase flow. This paper discusses in detail the success story of multiphase flow meter (MPFM) and its application program in OGDCL. The paper also presents an overview of MPFM technology. This will add to the existing SPE literature a focused technical paper describing the MPFM installation and application experience in OGDCL Pakistan that can be used as a reference by other operating companies, academic personnel, R&D organizations and New Technology promoters in the country.
Correlation between separate findings in 60 dogs suffering from CKD in IRIS stage 1
Authors: Sehn Maximiliane , Nolte Ingo , Bach Jan-Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) reports guidelines for classification and therapy for dogs suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dogs in stage 1 show no elevated serum creatinine, but some other sign of kidney disease like elevated Symmetric Dimethylarginin (SDMA), proteinuria, low urine specific gravity or abnormalities in the sonography of the kidneys. Objective of this study was to access the correlation between inclusion criteria and to give an estimation whether a more detailed staging or a substaging for patients with elevated SDMA levels might be useful regarding possible treatment recommendations. Results Sixty patients in IRIS stage 1 were included into the study. Most of these dogs were included due to raised SDMA level (n=22) or sonographic abnormalities of the kidneys (n=16). In order to rank and compare results of ultrasonography, a sonography score was developed. Additionally, results from blood work, urinalysis, ultrasonography and in some cases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were examined. Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between creatinine and urea and negative correlation between creatinine and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (Up/c). Between SDMA, phosphate, urine specific gravity and sonographic findings there is no dependency with any other examined parameter. Conclusion Results showed that patients in IRIS stage 1 are a heterogeneous group and giving precise treatment recommendation might be challenging. If future studies will suggest treatment in this stage of CKD, such as renal diet, a more detailed classification is needed.
A convolutional neural network-based system to classify patients using FDG PET/CT examinations
Authors: Kawauchi Keisuke , Furuya Sho , Hirata Kenji , Katoh Chietsugu , Manabe Osamu , Kobayashi Kentaro , Watanabe Shiro , Shiga Tohru 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: As the number of PET/CT scanners increases and FDG PET/CT becomes a common imaging modality for oncology, the demands for automated detection systems on artificial intelligence (AI) to prevent human oversight and misdiagnosis are rapidly growing. We aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based system that can classify whole-body FDG PET as 1) benign, 2) malignant or 3) equivocal.
Methods: This retrospective study investigated 3,485 sequential patients with malignant or suspected malignant disease, who underwent whole-body FDG PET/CT at our institute. All the cases were classified into the 3 categories by a nuclear medicine physician. A residual network (ResNet)-based CNN architecture was built for classifying patients into the 3 categories. In addition, we performed a region-based analysis of CNN (head-and-neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvic region).
Results: There were 1,280 (37%), 1,450 (42%), and 755 (22%) patients classified as benign, malignant and equivocal, respectively. In the patient-based analysis, CNN predicted benign, malignant and equivocal images with 99.4%, 99.4%, and 87.5% accuracy, respectively. In region-based analysis, the prediction was correct with the probability of 97.3% (head-and-neck), 96.6% (chest), 92.8% (abdomen) and 99.6% (pelvic region), respectively.
Conclusion: The CNN-based system reliably classified FDG PET images into 3 categories, indicating that it could be helpful for physicians as a double-checking system to prevent oversight and misdiagnosis.
Study Protocol Daiobotanpito combined with antibiotic therapy for treatment of acute diverticulitis: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko , Yoshimura Keinichi , Shirai Akiko , Sakai Seisho , Moriyama Hideki , Nakamura Keishi , Murayama Toshinori , Ishikawa Hideki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Colonic diverticular disease has been increasing in prevalence due to the rapidly aging global population, but standard treatment has not changed dramatically in recent years. Daiobotanpito (DBT; Da Huang Mu Dan Tang in Chinese) has been used in medical treatment of acute abdominal abscesses, such as appendicitis or diverticulitis in traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine for many years, based on more than 3000 years of experience. Prior to this study, a retrospective open-label trial was conducted to compare patients with acute diverticulitis who received oral DBT combined with intravenous antibiotics with those who received intravenous antibiotic alone; it showed a positive effect of DBT on acute diverticulitis. We aim to investigate whether moderate to severe acute diverticulitis shows greater improvement with intravenous antibiotics plus orally administered DBT compared with intravenous antibiotics with placebo. Methods: This is a two-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial, which is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBT for moderate to severe diverticulitis patients treated with intravenous antibiotics. Eligible participants will be randomized to either a treatment group receiving a 10-day oral DBT regimen plus conventional therapy or a control group receiving a 10-day placebo regimen plus conventional therapy. The primary outcome will be the treatment success rate of diverticulitis defined as fever relief to <37.5℃ within 3 days or/and elimination of abdominal pain within 4 days. In other words, the primary outcome will be the treatment success rate of diverticulitis defined as elimination of abdominal pain within 4 days for all patients, and if they have fever ≧37.5℃ on inclusion to this study, fever relief to <37.5℃ within 3 days. Secondary endpoints will include hospitalization days, changes in inflammatory response (CRP, WBC, neutrophil count), thermal type, number of days before beginning food intake, recurrence rate (observation for 1 year after registration), and adverse event expression rate. Assessments will be performed at baseline and on the day of discharge. The recurrence rate will be recorded at 1 year after registration. Discussion: This study is expected to provide evidence to support the clinical benefits of DBT in the treatment of acute diverticulitis. It may also provide evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of DBT in the recurrence of acute diverticulitis. Trial registration: UMIN000027381, registered on April 27th, 2017 https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr/ctr_view_reg.cgi?recptno=R000031377, and changed to jRCTs041180063, registered on July 30th, 2019; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs041180063 as a result of the revision of the domestic law in 2018 in Japan.
DJ-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects and regulates NLRX1-TRAF6 via SHP-1 in stroke
Authors: Peng Li , Zhou Yang , Jiang Ning , Wang Tingting , Zhu Jin , Chen Yanlin , Li Linyu , Zhang Jinyan , Yu Shanshan , Zhao Yong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute inflammation induced by reactive astrocytes after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is important for protecting the resultant lesion. Our previous study demonstrated that DJ-1 is abundantly expressed in reactive astrocytes after cerebral I/R injury. Here, we show that DJ-1 negatively regulates the inflammatory response by facilitating the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6, thereby inducing the dissociation of NLRX1 from TRAF6.
Methods: We used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro in primary astrocyte cultures and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in vivo to mimic I/R insult.
Results: The inhibition of DJ-1 expression increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. DJ-1 knockdown facilitated the interaction between NLRX1 and TRAF6. However, the loss of DJ-1 attenuated the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6. In subsequent experiments, a SHP-1 inhibitor altered the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6 and facilitated the interaction between NLRX1 and TRAF6 in DJ-1-overexpressing astrocytes.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that DJ-1 exerts an SHP-1-dependent anti-inflammatory effect and induces the dissociation of NLRX1 from TRAF6 during cerebral I/R injury. Thus, DJ-1 may be an efficacious therapeutic target for the treatment of I/R injury.
NTP42, a novel antagonist of the thromboxane receptor, attenuates experimentally induced pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Mulvaney Eamon , Reid Helen , Bialesova Lucia , Bouchard Annie , Salvail Dany , Kinsella B. Therese 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
NTP42 is a novel antagonist of the thromboxane prostanoid receptor (TP), currently in development for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is a devastating disease with multiple pathophysiological hallmarks including excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction, vascular remodelling, inflammation, fibrosis, in situ thrombosis and right ventricular hypertrophy. Signalling through the TP, thromboxane (TX) A 2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and mediator of platelet aggregation. It is also a pro-mitogenic, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic agent. Moreover, the TP also mediates the adverse actions of the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α , a free-radical-derived product of arachidonic acid produced in abundance during oxidative injury. Mechanistically, TP antagonists should treat most of the hallmarks of PAH, including inhibiting the excessive vasoconstriction and pulmonary artery remodelling, in situ thrombosis, inflammation and fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of NTP42 in the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model, alongside current standard-of-care drugs.
Methods
PAH was induced by subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg MCT in male Wistar–Kyoto rats. Animals were assigned into groups: 1. ‘No MCT’; 2. ‘MCT Only’; 3. MCT + NTP42 (0.25 mg/kg BID); 4. MCT + Sildenafil (50 mg/kg BID), and 5. MCT + Selexipag (1 mg/kg BID), where 28-day drug treatment was initiated within 24 h post-MCT.
Results
From haemodynamic assessments , NTP42 reduced the MCT-induced PAH, including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right systolic ventricular pressure (RSVP), being at least comparable to the standard-of-care drugs Sildenafil or Selexipag in bringing about these effects. Moreover, NTP42 was superior to Sildenafil and Selexipag in significantly reducing pulmonary vascular remodelling, inflammatory mast cell infiltration and fibrosis in MCT-treated animals.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that NTP42 and antagonism of the TP signalling pathway have a relevant role in alleviating the pathophysiology of PAH, representing a novel therapeutic target with marked benefits over existing standard-of-care therapies.