bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Growth of SrxBa1−xNb2O6 Hopper‐ and Cube‐Shaped Nanostructures by Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Grendal Ola G. , Nylund Inger‐Emma , Blichfeld Anders B. , Tominaka Satoshi , Ohara Koji , Selbach Sverre M. , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann 
Published: March 2020

AbstractControlling the shape and size of nanostructured materials has been a topic of interest in the field of material science for decades. In this work, the ferroelectric material SrxBa1−xNb2O6 (x=0.32–0.82, SBN) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and the morphology is controllably changed from cube‐shaped to hollow‐ended structures based on a fundamental understanding of the precursor chemistry. Synchrotron X‐ray total scattering and PDF analysis was used to reveal the structure of the Nb‐acid precursor, showing Lindqvist‐like motifs. The changing growth mechanism, from layer‐by‐layer growth forming cubes to hopper‐growth giving hollow‐ended structures, is attributed to differences in supersaturation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an inhomogeneous composition along the length of the hollow‐ended particles, which is explained by preferential formation of the high entropy composition, SBN33, at the initial stages of particle nucleation and growth.
Micromixing performance in a rotating bar reactor
Authors: Banaga Abdelgadir Bashir , Yue Xu‐Jia , Chu Guang‐Wen , Wu Wei , Luo Yong , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA rotating bar reactor (RBR) was designed for adjusting micromixing efficiency. It consists of two concentric cylinders of inner rotating and outer fixed cylinders. Two feeding modes, named as radial and tangential feeding modes, were applied to modify the feeding at the bottom section of the RBR. The influence of feeding modes on the micromixing performance was measured with different rotational speeds, flow rates, viscosities, volumetric flow ratios, and hydrogen ion concentrations. Experimental results reveal that the RBR with tangential feeding mode has better micromixing performance than that with radial mode. The higher rotational speed has a positive impact on the segregation index (Xs). The values of Xs increased with the decrease of the flow rate, and the increase of the viscosity, volumetric flow ratio, and hydrogen ion concentration. The micromixing time, estimated by using an incorporation model, was in the range of 5.00 × 10−6‐1.13 × 10−5 seconds in the RBR with a tangential feeding mode, which indicates a promising prospect of the RBR for process intensification of fast and complex reactions.
Prognostic value of admission electrocardiographic findings in non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Peng‐fei , Tang Liang , Pei Jun‐yu , Yi Jun‐lin , Xing Zhen‐hua , Fang Zhen‐fei , Zhou Sheng‐hua , Hu Xin‐qun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdmission electrocardiographic (ECG) findings of non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) include transient ST‐segment elevation (TSTE), ST‐segment depression (STD), T‐wave inversion (TWI), and no ischemic changes (NIC).HypothesisThis study aimed to assess the prognostic value of qualitative ECG findings at presentation and to clarify the influence of invasive treatment on the prognostic value of admission ECG findings.MethodsWe analyzed the Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement in Kerala (ACS QUIK) study post hoc. NSTEMI patients were included and classified into four groups per ECG findings. Study endpoints were in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality rates and major adverse events (MAE). We performed multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for covariates in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk model, with subset analyses of patients treated with or without invasive management.ResultsSTD patients had significantly higher in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality rates/MAE than TWI patients, which had lower in‐hospital mortality rate/MAE than the NIC group. TSTE patients had intermediate outcomes. In multivariate logistic regression using the TWI group as the reference, STD and NIC remained independently associated with worse outcomes. Subset analysis showed prognostic value of admission ECG in non‐invasively managed but not in invasively managed patients.ConclusionsSTD was associated with adverse outcomes, TWI with benign prognoses. NIC should not be taken to indicate low risk. Qualitative analysis of admission ECG is suitable for rapid risk stratification of NSTMI patients at presentation. However, it may not be predictive of short‐term outcomes of NSTEMI patients after invasive management.
High Na+ Mobility in rGO Wrapped High Aspect Ratio 1D SbSe Nano Structure Renders Better Electrochemical Na+ Battery Performance
Authors: Patel Mahendra , Haroon Haamid , Kumar Ajay , Ahmad Jahangir , Bhat Gulzar A. , Lone Saifullah , Putthusseri Dhanya , Majid Kowsar , Wahid Malik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe chose to understand the cyclic instability and rate instability issues in the promising class of Na+ conversion and alloying anodes with Sb2Se3 as a typical example. We employ a synthetic strategy that ensures efficient rGO (reduced graphene oxide) wrapping over Sb2Se3 material. By utilization of the minimum weight of additive (5 wt.% of rGO), we achieved a commendable performance with a reversible capacity of 550 mAh g−1 at a specific current of 100 mA g−1 and an impressive rate performance with 100 % capacity retention after high current cycling involving a 2 Ag−1 intermediate current step. The electrochemical galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) has been employed for the first time to draw a rationale between the enhanced performance and the increased mobility in the rGO wrapped composite (Sb2Se3‐rGO) compared to bare Sb2Se3. GITT analysis reveals higher Na+ diffusion coefficients (approx. 30 fold higher) in the case of Sb2Se3‐rGO as compared to bare Sb2Se3 throughout the operating voltage window. For Sb2Se3‐rGO the diffusion coefficients in the range of 8.0×10−15 cm2 s−1 to 2.2×10−12 cm2 s−1 were observed, while in case of bare Sb2Se3 the diffusion coefficients in the range of 1.6×10−15 cm2 s−1 to 9.4×10−15 cm2 s−1 were observed.
The geology of Tianshui‐Qin'an area of the western Loess Plateau and the chemical characteristics of its Neolithic pottery
Authors: Ma Hongjiao , Hein Anke , Henderson Julian , Ma Qinglin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe difference in the chemical compositions between Neolithic pottery from the eastern and western ends of the northern Chinese Loess Plateau has been known for some time, and a number of possible explanations have been proposed. However, a full understanding of the difference is yet to be achieved. Based on recent geological studies of the Tianshui‐Qin'an area on the western Loess Plateau, the present study establishes a logical connection between the chemical characteristics of Neolithic pottery from the western Loess Plateau and the primary sediments available in the area. Moreover, this study reveals that the chemical compositions of clay used for fine wares and coarse wares at Dadiwan also bear some clear differences. Based on these findings, the paper discusses possible clay selection methods by potters in the Neolithic western Loess Plateau to make their different wares based on the locales where suitable raw materials are available. The paper demonstrates that the raw materials available for pottery making on the eastern and western Loess Plateau differ significantly and this explains the marked difference in ceramic composition between the two locations.
FAM213A is linked to prognostic significance in acute myeloid leukemia through regulation of oxidative stress and myelopoiesis
Authors: Oh Chang‐Kyu , Ha Mihyang , Han Myoung‐Eun , Heo Hye J. , Myung Kyungjae , Lee Yoonsung , Oh Sae‐Ock , Kim Yun Hak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccurate prediction of malignancies is important in choosing therapeutic strategies. Although there are many genetic and cytogenetic prognostic factors for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), prognosis is difficult to predict because of the heterogeneity of AML. Prognostic factors, including messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, have been determined for other malignancies, but not for AML. A total of 402 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas, GSE12417 (GPL96, 97), and GSE12417 (GPL570) were included in this study. In Kaplan‐Meier curve analyses, high expression of family with sequence similarity 213 member A (FAM213A), which activates antioxidant proteins, was associated with worse prognosis of AML. Similar to the results of the survival curve, C‐indices and area under the curve values were high. Current prognostic factors of AML, unlike those of other cancers, do not take mRNA expression into consideration. Thus, the development of mRNA‐based prognostic factors would be beneficial for accurate prediction of the survival of AML patients. Additionally, in vivo validation using zebrafish revealed that fam213a is important for myelopoiesis at the developmental stage and is a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The findings implicate fam213a as a novel prognostic factor for AML patients.
Oxoiron(V) Complexes of Relevance in Oxidation Catalysis of Organic Substrates
Authors: Dantignana Valeria , Company Anna , Costas Miquel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe selective oxidation of alkane and olefin moieties are reactions of fundamental importance in both chemical synthesis and biology. Nature efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons using iron‐dependent enzymes, which operate through the mediation of oxoiron(IV) or oxoiron(V) species. In the quest for chemo, regio and stereoselective transformations akin to those taking place in nature, bioinspired iron catalysts have been developed and understanding their mechanism of action has become a particularly relevant area of research. While a prominent advance in the preparation and characterization of oxoiron(IV) species has been accomplished, oxoiron(V) species remain exceedingly rare, presumably because the high reactivity that makes them particularly interesting also makes them difficult to observe. This review summarizes the advances in the field, focusing in synthetic systems for which the oxoiron(V) species relevant in these transformations have been directly detected and spetroscopically characterized.
Canopy thermal response to water deficit of coffee plants under drip irrigation
Authors: Costa Jéfferson De Oliveira , Coelho Rubens Duarte , Barros Timóteo Herculino Da Silva , Fraga Júnior Eusímio Felisbino , Fernandes André Luís Teixeira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo quantify water stress on coffee trees, leaf water potential (LWP) measurements are commonly performed in a Scholander chamber; however, this methodology is restricted to research activities, due to the difficulty of measurement in the field: sampling hours at predawn and intensive work. A crop water stress index (CWSI) based on leaf temperature has been used as indicative of LWP in several crops, and thermal images can be a precious tool for mapping LWP under intensive drip‐irrigated coffee areas, in order to adjust irrigation requirements according to soil moisture spatial variability. This study aims to define the relationships between the water potential of coffee leaf based on CWSI, calculated by means of a portable infrared sensor and a thermal camera, analysing correlation, precision and accuracy indexes. The study was conducted in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, using Coffea arabica species of the Catuaí Red variety IAC 144 that was drip irrigated using tensiometers as matric potential sensors. The observed CWSI and LWP presented good correlations in the linear and cubic models. It was concluded that the CWSI is a good indicator of the water potential of a coffee canopy and can be an alternative to measurements of LWP from the Scholander chamber. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Akt activity and substrate phosphorylation in cells
Authors: Yudushkin Ivan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProtein kinase B/Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that links receptors coupled to the PI3K lipid kinase to cellular anabolic pathways. Its activity in cells is controlled by reversible phosphorylation and an intramolecular lipid‐controlled allosteric switch. In this review, I outline the current progress in understanding Akt regulatory mechanisms, define three models of Akt activation in cells, and highlight how intramolecular allosterism cooperates with cell‐autonomous mechanisms to control Akt localization and activity and direct it toward specific sets of substrates in cells.
Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost)‐based multiwavelength spatial frequency domain imaging and characterization for ex vivo human colorectal tissue assessment
Authors: Li Shuying , Zeng Yifeng , Chapman William C. , Erfanzadeh Mohsen , Nandy Sreyankar , Mutch Matthew , Zhu Quing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current gold standard diagnostic test for colorectal cancer remains histological inspections of endoluminal neoplasia in biopsy specimens. However, biopsy site selection requires visual inspection of the bowel, typically with a white‐light endoscope. Therefore, this technique is poorly suited to detect small or innocuous‐appearing lesions. We hypothesize that an alternative modality—multiwavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI)—would be able to differentiate various colorectal neoplasia from normal tissue. In this ex vivo study of human colorectal tissues, we report the optical absorption and scattering signatures of normal, adenomatous polyp and cancer specimens. An abnormal vs. normal adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) classifier is trained to dichotomize tissue based on SFDI imaging characteristics, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.95 is achieved. We conclude that AdaBoost‐based multiwavelength SFDI can differentiate abnormal from normal colorectal tissues, potentially improving endoluminal screening of the distal gastrointestinal tract in the future.
Portable deep learning singlet microscope
Authors: Shen Hua , Gao Jinming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHaving the least lenses, the significant feature of the singlet imaging system, helps the development of the portable and cost‐effective microscopes. A novel method of monochromatic/color singlet microscopy, which is combined with only one aspheric lens and deep learning computational imaging technology, is proposed in this article. The designed singlet aspheric lens is an approximate linear signal system, which means modulation‐transfer‐function curves on all field‐of‐views (5 mm diagonally) are almost coincident with each other. The purpose of the designed linear signal system is to further improve the resolution of our microscope by using deep learning algorithm. As a proof of concept, we designed a singlet microscopy based on our method, which weighs only 400 g. The experimental data and results of the sample USAF−1951 target and bio‐sample (the Equisetum‐arvense Strobile L.S), prove that the performance of the proposed singlet microscope is competitive to a commercial microscope with the 4X/NA0.1 objective lens. We believe that our idea and method would guide to design more cost‐effective and powerful singlet imaging system.
Role of curcumin and its nanoformulations in neurotherapeutics: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mandal Mukesh , Jaiswal Pawan , Mishra Awanish 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurcumin, a dietary polyphenol and major constituent of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), is extensively used as a spice in Asian countries. For ages, turmeric has been used in traditional medicine systems to treat various diseases, which was possible because of its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancerous, antiepileptic, antidepressant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative effects. Curcumin has potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurotrophic activities, which support its plausible neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. However, there is limited information available regarding the clinical efficacy of curcumin in neurodegenerative cases. The low oral bioavailability of curcumin may be speculated as a plausible factor that limits its effects in humans. Therefore, utilization of several approaches for the enhancement of bioavailability may improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the use of nanotechnology and a targeted drug delivery system may improve the bioavailability of curcumin. The present review is designed to summarize the molecular mechanisms pertaining to the neuroprotective effects of curcumin and its nanoformulations.
Ameliorative effect of curcumin on lead‐induced hematological and hepatorenal toxicity in a rat model
Authors: Abubakar Kabeer , Mailafiya Maryam M. , Chiroma Samaila M. , Danmaigoro Abubakar , Zyoud Tawfiq Y. T. , Abdul Rahim Ezamin , Abu Bakar Zakaria Md Zuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionLead (Pb) is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal that inflicts numerous clinical consequences on humans. Curcumin is the principal component of turmeric, which is reported to have antioxidative properties. This study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effects of curcumin on Pb‐induced hepatorenal toxicity in a rat model.MethodsThirty‐six male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups with 12 rats in the control (normal saline) and six rats each for the lead‐treated group (LTG) (50 mg/kg lead acetate [Pb acetate] for 4 weeks), recovery group (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks and left with no treatment for another 4 weeks), treatment group 1 (Cur100) (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks, followed by 100 mg/kg curcumin for 4 weeks), and treatment group 2 (Cur200) (50 mg/kg Pb acetate for 4 weeks, followed by 200 mg/kg curcumin for 4 weeks). All the experimental groups received oral treatments via orogastric‐tube on alternate days. Pb concentration in the liver and kidney of the rats were evaluated using inductive‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques.ResultsPb‐administered rats revealed significant alteration in oxidative status and increased Pb concentration in their liver and kidney with obvious reduction of hemogram and increased in leukogram as well as aberration in histological architecture of the liver and kidney. However, treatment with curcumin reduces the tissue Pb concentrations and ameliorates the above mention alterations.ConclusionsThe results in this study suggested that curcumin attenuates Pb‐induced hepatorenal toxicity via chelating activity and inhibition of oxidative stress.
“We give them threatening advice…”: expectations of adherence to antiretroviral therapy and their consequences among adolescents living with HIV in rural Malawi
Authors: Burns Rose , Magalasi Denview , Blasco Philippe , Szumilin Elisabeth , Pasquier Estelle , Schramm Birgit , Wringe Alison 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionMany adolescents living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa struggle to achieve optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), but few studies have investigated how their treatment‐taking decisions are influenced by their social interactions with providers, caregivers and community leaders. This study aims to explore the narratives that define expectations of adherence to ART among adolescents living with HIV in a rural Malawian setting.MethodsOverall, 45 in‐depth interviews were conducted in 2016 with adolescents living with HIV, caregivers, health workers and community leaders, and four group sessions using participatory tools were undertaken with adolescents. Interviews and group sessions were audio‐recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were coded inductively and analysed thematically.ResultsAdolescents were given strict behavioural codes around optimal treatment adherence, which were often enforced through encouragement, persuasian and threats. In HIV clinics, some staff supported adolescents with broader concerns relating to living with HIV, but other measures to address sub‐optimal adherence in HIV clinics were perceived by patients as punitive, including pill‐counts and increased frequency of clinic visits. Community leaders felt responsible for young peoples' health, sometimes attempting to influence their treatment‐taking by threatening to withdraw services, or to publically “out” those deemed to be non‐adherent. At home, discussions with adolescents about HIV were often limited to dose reminders, and some caretakers resorted to physical punishment to ensure adherence. While some adolescents complied with strictly‐enforced adherence rules, others demonstrated resistance by hiding missed doses, secretly throwing away drugs, or openly refusing to take them.ConclusionsThe potential of young people to adhere to their ART may be undermined by restrictive messages and punitive approaches to enforce and control their engagement with treatment at home, in the clinic and in the wider community. Interventions should focus on creating safe spaces for adolescents to speak frankly about the adherence challenges that they face and support for caregivers including home‐based interventions.
Fecal specimen diagnosis 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia
Authors: Zhang JingCheng , Wang SaiBin , Xue YaDong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia (COVID‐19) from Wuhan, China, it has spread globally. We extracted the data on 14 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 from Jinhua Municipal Central hospital through 27 January 2020. We found that compared to pharyngeal swab specimens, nucleic acid detection of COVID‐19 in fecal specimens was equally accurate. And we found that patients with a positive stool test did not experience gastrointestinal symptoms and had nothing to do with the severity of the lung infection. These results may help to understand the clinical diagnosis and the changes in clinical parameters of COVID‐19.
Low‐Temperature Crystallization for Separating Monoacetylated Long‐Chain Sophorolipids: Characterization of Their Surface‐Active and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Solaiman Daniel K. Y. , Ashby Richard D. , Nuñez Alberto , Crocker Nicole 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPseudohyphozyma (formerly Rhodotorula) bogoriensis synthesizes long‐chain‐length (22‐carbon chain) sophorolipids (22:0‐SL) that are variously acetylated at the 6′‐ or/and 6″‐carbons of the sophorose unit. In this paper, we describe a low‐temperature crystallization protocol that preferentially separates the 6′‐monoacetylated 22:0‐SL (6′‐Ac1‐22:0‐SL) from a parental mixture of 22:0‐SL containing a majority (64.7%) of the 6′,6″‐diacetylated moiety (6′,6″‐Ac2‐22:0‐SL), as deduced from high‐pressure‐liquid‐chromatography evaporative‐light‐scattering‐detection (HPLC‐ELSD) and LC/Q‐TOF‐MS analyses. Tensiometry measurements using the Wilhelmy plate method yielded minimum‐surface‐tension (SFTmin) and critical‐micelle‐concentration (CMC) values of 34.6 ± 1.0 mN m−1 and 0.014 mM, respectively, for 6′‐Ac1‐22:0‐SL (CRYSTAL) fraction and 34.9 ± 1.0 mM m−1 (SFTmin) and 0.018 (CMC) for the hexane precipitate (Hx‐PRCP) fraction containing a high concentration (89.2%) of the diacetylated 6′,6″‐Ac2‐22:0‐SL after crystal removal. In contrast, the SFTmin and CMC of the well‐studied 16‐18 carbon (C16‐18)‐SL of Starmerella bombicola were 35–37.2 mN m−1 and 0.05‐(>0.3) mM, respectively. Individually, the purified CRYSTAL and Hx‐PRCP fractions exhibited a similar degree of strong growth‐inhibition activity against Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes as determined by an agar‐plate zone of inhibition assay. Study on the growth inhibition of oral health‐related bacteria, i.e., Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, showed that, depending on the bacteria and strains tested, the CRYSTAL fraction was either slightly better than or equally effective as the Hx‐PRCP fraction in inhibiting cell growth.