bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Logics of Synonymy
Authors: Hornischer Levin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigate synonymy in the strong sense of content identity (and not just meaning similarity). This notion is central in the philosophy of language and in applications of logic. We motivate, uniformly axiomatize, and characterize several “benchmark” notions of synonymy in the messy class of all possible notions of synonymy. This class is divided by two intuitive principles that are governed by a no-go result. We use the notion of a scenario to get a logic of synonymy (SF) which is the canonical representative of one division. In the other division, the so-called conceptivist logics, we find, e.g., the well-known system of analytic containment (AC). We axiomatize four logics of synonymy extending AC, relate them semantically and proof-theoretically to SF, and characterize them in terms of weak/strong subject matter preservation and weak/strong logical equivalence. This yields ways out of the no-go result and novel arguments—independent of a particular semantic framework—for each notion of synonymy discussed (using, e.g., Hurford disjunctions or homotopy theory). This points to pluralism about meaning and a certain non-compositionality of truth in logic programs and neural networks. And it unveils an impossibility for synonymy: if it is to preserve subject matter, then either conjunction and disjunction lose an essential property or a very weak absorption law is violated.
Patient acceptance and outcome of mental health screening in Swedish adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Järvholm Stina , Ericson Petrea , Gilljam Marita 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Anxiety and depression are common among adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), and the International Committee on Mental Health in CF (ICMH) recommends annual screening for mental health problems. We implemented screening according to the recently published guidelines and assessed the results from the first year, as well as the patients’ attitude to annual screening

Methods
Adult patients attending Gothenburg CF-center from Feb 2015 to Dec 2016 completed the GAD-7 (anxiety) and PHQ-9 (depression) forms at the time of their annual review. In addition, questions regarding the screening process and instruments used were asked.

Results
All invited patients (n = 100, 52% males, 2% lung transplanted), with a median age of 28 years (range 18–65), agreed to participate. In general (83%), the patients were positive to screening on an annual basis. No significant differences in total GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores were found when comparing men and women. Patients younger than 30 years of age reported more symptoms of anxiety compared to older patients (p = 0.02). There were 21 (21%) patients with scores > 10 for GAD-7 and/or PHQ-9 indicating at least moderate anxiety or depression. Scores > 10 were reported by 15 patients on GAD-7, 15 patients on PHQ-9, and 9 patients reported scores above 10 on both measures.

Conclusion
The patients considered annual check-ups for mental health issues important. Although the screening results are reassuring, the group is heterogenic and younger individuals should be given extra attention. Follow-up over longer time will provide more robust data.
A Multi-Perspective Reflection on How Indigenous Knowledge and Related Ideas Can Improve Science Education for Sustainability
Authors: Zidny Robby , Sjöström Jesper , Eilks Ingo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndigenous knowledge provides specific views of the world held by various indigenous peoples. It offers different views on nature and science that generally differ from traditional Western science. Futhermore, it introduces different perspectives on nature and the human in nature. Coming basically from a Western perspective on nature and science, the paper analyzes the literature in science education focusing on research and practices of integrating indigenous knowledge with science education. The paper suggestsDidaktikmodels and frameworks for how to elaborate on and design science education for sustainability that takes indigenous knowledge and related non-Western and alternative Western ideas into consideration. To do so, indigenous knowledge is contextualized with regards to related terms (e.g., ethnoscience), and with Eastern perspectives (e.g., Buddhism), and alternative Western thinking (e.g., post-humanBildung). This critical review provides justification for a stronger reflection about how to include views, aspects, and practices from indigenous communities into science teaching and learning. It also suggests that indigenous knowledge offers rich and authentic contexts for science learning. At the same time, it provides chances to reflect views on nature and science in contemporary (Western) science education for contributing to the development of more balanced and holistic worldviews, intercultural understanding, and sustainability.
Governing a Collective Bad: Social Learning in the Management of Crop Diseases
Authors: Damtew Elias , van Mierlo Barbara , Lie Rico , Struik Paul , Leeuwis Cees , Lemaga Berga , Smart Christine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere has been strong research interest in designing and testing learning approaches for enhancing and sustaining the capacity of communities to manage collective action problems. Broadening the perspective from well-known social learning approaches in natural resource management, this study explores how social learning as a communicative process influences collective action in contagious crop disease management. A series of facilitated discussion and reflection sessions about late blight management created the social learning space for potato farmers in Ethiopia. Communicative utterances of participants in the sessions served as the units of analysis. The study demonstrates how and to what extent social learning, in the form of aligned new knowledge, relations and actions occurred and formed the basis for collective action in the management of late blight.
Surfing the Hyperbola Equations of the Steady-State Farquhar–von Caemmerer–Berry C3 Leaf Photosynthesis Model: What Can a Theoretical Analysis of Their Oblique Asymptotes and Transition Points Tell Us?
Authors: Miranda-Apodaca Jon , Marcos-Barbero Emilio L. , Morcuende Rosa , Arellano Juan B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe asymptotes and transition points of the net CO2 assimilation (A/Ci) rate curves of the steady-state Farquhar–von Caemmerer–Berry (FvCB) model for leaf photosynthesis of C3 plants are examined in a theoretical study, which begins from the exploration of the standard equations of hyperbolae after rotating the coordinate system. The analysis of the A/Ci quadratic equations of the three limitation states of the FvCB model—abbreviated as Ac, Aj and Ap—allows us to conclude that their oblique asymptotes have a common slope that depends only on the mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion (gm). The limiting values for the transition points between any two states of the three limitation states c, j and p do not depend on gm, and the results are therefore valid for rectangular and non-rectangular hyperbola equations of the FvCB model. The analysis of the variation of the slopes of the asymptotes with gm casts doubts about the fulfilment of the steady-state conditions, particularly, when the net CO2 assimilation rate is inhibited at high CO2 concentrations. The application of the theoretical analysis to extended steady-state FvCB models, where the hyperbola equations of Ac, Aj and Ap are modified to accommodate nitrogen assimilation and amino acids export via the photorespiratory pathway, is also discussed.
Interactions of ferro-nanoparticles (hematite and magnetite) with reservoir sandstone: implications for surface adsorption and interfacial tension reduction
Authors: Ali Abdullah Musa , Yahya Noorhana , Qureshi Saima 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere are a few studies on the use of ferro-nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery, despite their magnetic properties; hence, it is needed to study the adsorption of iron oxide (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) on rock surfaces. This is important as the colloidal transport of NPs through the reservoir is subject to particle adsorption on the rock surface. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to determine the interfacial energy (strength) and adsorption of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanofluids infused in reservoir sandstones. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) were used to monitor interaction of silicate species with Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. The spectral changes show the variation of dominating silicate anions in the solution. Also, the XPS peaks for Si, C and Fe at 190, 285 and 700 eV, respectively, are less distinct in the spectra of sandstone aged in the Fe3O4 nanofluid, suggesting the intense adsorption of the Fe3O4 with the crude oil. The measured IFT for brine/oil, Fe2O3/oil and Fe3O4/oil are 40, 36.17 and 31 mN/m, respectively. Fe3O4 infused with reservoir sandstone exhibits a higher silicate sorption capacity than Fe2O3, due to their larger number of active surface sites and saturation magnetization, which accounts for the effectiveness of Fe3O4 in reducing IFT.
Methods for simultaneously evaluating reserve and permeability of undersaturated coalbed methane reservoirs using production data during the dewatering stage
Authors: Shi Jun-Tai , Wu Jia-Yi , Sun Zheng , Xiao Zhi-Hua , Liu Cheng , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, a flowing material balance equation (FMBE) is established for undersaturated coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs, which considers immobile free gas expansion effect at the dewatering stage. Based on the established FMBE, five straight-line methods are proposed to determine the control area, initial water reserve, initial free gas reserve, initial adsorbed gas reserve, original gas in place, as well as permeability at the same time. Subsequently, the proposed FMBE methods for undersaturated CBM reservoirs are validated against a reservoir simulation software with and without considering free gas expansion. Finally, the proposed methods are applied in a field case when considering free gas expansion effect. Validation cases show that the straight-line relationships for the proposed five FMBE methods are excellent, and good agreements are obtained among the actual reserves and permeabilities and those evaluated by the proposed five FMBE methods, indicating the proposed five FMBE methods are effective and rational for CBM reservoirs. Results show that a small amount of free gas will result in a great deviation in reserve evaluation; hence, the immobile free gas expansion effect should be considered when establishing the material balance equation of undersaturated CBM reservoirs at the dewatering stage.
Understanding the creation of trust in cryptocurrencies: the case of Bitcoin
Authors: Marella Venkata , Upreti Bikesh , Merikivi Jani , Tuunainen Virpi Kristiina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContemporary cryptocurrencies lack legal, monetary, and institutional backing that traditional financial services employ. Instead, cryptocurrencies provide trust through technology. Despite the plethora of research in both trust and cryptocurrencies, the underlying attributes of the technologies that drive trust in cryptocurrencies are not well understood. To uncover these attributes, we analyze the corpus of 1.97 million discussion posts related to Bitcoin, the oldest and most widely used cryptocurrency. Based on earlier research, we identified functionality, reliability, and helpfulness as the focal constructs with which to evaluate users’ trust in technology. In our analysis, we discovered 11 different attributes related to three technology constructs that are significant in creating and maintaining users’ trust in Bitcoin. The findings are discussed in detail in the article.
Development of a TaqMan qPCR protocol for detecting Acipenser ruthenus in the Volga headwaters from eDNA samples
Authors: Schenekar Tamara , Schletterer Martin , Weiss Steven J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA recent eDNA-metabarcoding study assessing fish diversity in the Upper Volga catchment did not detect sterlet at any of the sampled stretches, despite recent sightings that suggest its presence. We designed a TaqMan qPCR protocol to test for sterlet in selected eDNA samples from that study. In-silico and in-vitro tests confirm the protocol’s high sensitivity and specificity to sturgeon taxa and potentially paddlefishes. Using this assay, sterlet were not detected in 26 eDNA samples from the Volga headwaters, agreeing with the metabarcoding results.
How to objectively determine the color of beer?
Authors: Koren Dániel , Hegyesné Vecseri Beáta , Kun-Farkas Gabriella , Urbin Ágnes , Nyitrai Ákos , Sipos László 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeer color is an important sensory attribute, the first one that the consumer observes. There are two standard methods accepted for determining the color of these products, one related to the European Brewery Convention (EBC) and the other is the Standard Reference Method (SRM). Both methods are based on absorbance, but in case of the more and more popular fruit beers these methods give false result since these products appear in varied colors and have different spectra than regular beers. In this study 39 different types of beers were investigated, including fruit beers and beer based mixed drinks to compare their color in CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space, absorption-based colors and transmission spectra. ΔE*ab values of products with less than 5% EBC difference ranged from 4.5 to 17.4. There were magnitude differences in the transmission spectra of these products, fruit beers showed different tendencies due to the added fruit or fruit juice. The highest ΔE*ab value belonged to two traditional Weissbiers. Absorption-based methods are not able in many cases to differentiate between products which have nearly the same EBC or SRM color but visually are different. A multi-wavelength method would be reasonable to be developed for more objective and accurate beer color determination.
Washed microbiota transplantation vs. manual fecal microbiota transplantation: clinical findings, animal studies and in vitro screening
Authors: Zhang Ting , Lu Gaochen , Zhao Zhe , Liu Yafei , Shen Quan , Li Pan , Chen Yaoyao , Yin Haoran , Wang Huiquan , Marcella Cicilia , Cui Bota , Cheng Lei , Ji Guozhong , Zhang Faming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by manual preparation has been applied to treat diseases for thousands of years. However, this method still endures safety risks and challenges the psychological endurance and acceptance of doctors, patients and donors. Population evidence showed the washed microbiota preparation with microfiltration based on an automatic purification system followed by repeated centrifugation plus suspension for three times significantly reduced FMT-related adverse events. This washing preparation makes delivering a precise dose of the enriched microbiota feasible, instead of using the weight of stool. Intraperitoneal injection in mice with the fecal microbiota supernatant obtained after repeated centrifugation plus suspension for three times induced less toxic reaction than that by the first centrifugation following the microfiltration. The toxic reactions that include death, the change in the level of peripheral white blood cells, and the proliferation of germinal center in secondary lymphoid follicles in spleen were noted. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) indicated the increasing types and amount of viruses could be washed out during the washing process. Metabolomics analysis indicated metabolites with pro-inflammatory effects in the fecal microbiota supernatant such as leukotriene B4, corticosterone, and prostaglandin G2 could be removed by repeated washing. Near-infrared absorption spectroscopy could be served as a rapid detection method to control the quality of the washing-process. In conclusion, this study for the first time provides evidence linking clinical findings and animal experiments to support that washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) is safer, more precise and more quality-controllable than the crude FMT by manual.
Marriage Decline in Korea: Changing Composition of the Domestic Marriage Market and Growth in International Marriage
Authors: Raymo James M. , Park Hyunjoon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExplanations for the substantial decline in rates of marriage in East Asian countries often emphasize the role of rapid educational expansion for women in reducing the desirability of marriages characterized by a strong gender-based division of labor. Focusing on South Korea, we consider a very different scenario in which changing educational composition of the marriage market reduces the demographic feasibility of such marriages. Analyses of 1% microsamples of the 1990 and 2010 Korean censuses show that changes in the availability of potential spouses accounted for part of the decline in marriage rates over a period of 20 years (1985–1989 to 2005–2009) for highly educated women and less-educated men. We also show that growth in international marriages played a role in preventing an even more dramatic decline in marriage among low-educated men. These findings support the general relevance of marriage market mismatches in gender-inegalitarian societies and highlight the declining feasibility of marriage for low-educated men in such contexts. Findings also hint at important implications for inequality in a society such as Korea, where marriage remains a symbol of social success and is closely related to women’s economic well-being and men’s health and subjective well-being.
A fourth-order B-spline collocation method for nonlinear Burgers–Fisher equation
Authors: Singh Aditi , Dahiya Sumita , Singh S. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA fourth-order B-spline collocation method has been applied for numerical study of Burgers–Fisher equation, which illustrates many situations occurring in various fields of science and engineering including nonlinear optics, gas dynamics, chemical physics, heat conduction, and so on. The present method is successfully applied to solve the Burgers–Fisher equation taking into consideration various parametric values. The scheme is found to be convergent. Crank–Nicolson scheme has been employed for the discretization. Quasi-linearization technique has been employed to deal with the nonlinearity of equations. The stability of the method has been discussed using Fourier series analysis (von Neumann method), and it has been observed that the method is unconditionally stable. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme, numerical experiments have been performed on various examples. The solutions obtained are compared with results available in the literature, which shows that the proposed scheme is satisfactorily accurate and suitable for solving such problems with minimal computational efforts.
Application of hourglass control to Eulerian smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Mohseni-Mofidi Shoya , Bierwisch Claas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeing a truly meshless method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) raises expectations to naturally handle solid mechanics problems of large deformations. However, in a simple formulation it severely suffers from two instabilities, namely tensile instability and zero-energy modes, which hinders SPH from being an popular numerical tool in that area. Although Lagrangian SPH completely removes tensile instability, it is not yet able to prevent zero-energy modes. Furthermore, kernel updates are required to properly handle very large deformations which again triggers tensile instability. Additionally, Lagrangian SPH cannot naturally deal with contact problems. Pursuing an alternative route, this paper aims at stabilizing Eulerian SPH in order to accurately deal with large deformations while preserving the fundamental properties of SPH to easily handle contact problems as well as fluid–structure interaction in a straightforward monolithic manner. For this purpose, an hourglass control scheme already employed to prevent zero-energy modes in Lagrangian SPH framework is used. The advantage of the present scheme is that the stabilization method can be easily implemented in any Eulerian SPH code by making only few changes to the code. The proposed scheme is employed to simulate several cases of elasticity, plasticity, fracture and fluid–structure interaction in order to assess its accuracy and effectiveness. The obtained results are compared with analytical solutions and finite element results where very good agreement is found.
Experimental and DFT Studies of Au Deposition Over WO3/g-C3N4 Z-Scheme Heterojunction
Authors: Humayun Muhammad , Ullah Habib , Cao Junhao , Pi Wenbo , Yuan Yang , Ali Sher , Tahir Asif Ali , Yue Pang , Khan Abbas , Zheng Zhiping , Fu Qiuyun , Luo Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA typical Z-scheme system is composed of two photocatalysts which generate two sets of charge carriers and split water into H2 and O2 at different locations. Scientists are struggling to enhance the efficiencies of these systems by maximizing their light absorption, engineering more stable redox couples, and discovering new O2 and H2 evolutions co-catalysts. In this work, Au decorated WO3/g-C3N4 Z-scheme nanocomposites are fabricated via wet-chemical and photo-deposition methods. The nanocomposites are utilized in photocatalysis for H2 production and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation. It is investigated that the optimized 4Au/6% WO3/CN nanocomposite is highly efficient for production of 69.9 and 307.3 µmol h−1 g−1 H2 gas, respectively, under visible-light (λ > 420 nm) and UV–visible illumination. Further, the fabricated 4Au/6% WO3/CN nanocomposite is significant (i.e., 100% degradation in 2 h) for 2,4-DCP degradation under visible light and highly stable in photocatalysis. A significant 4.17% quantum efficiency is recorded for H2 production at wavelength 420 nm. This enhanced performance is attributed to the improved charge separation and the surface plasmon resonance effect of Au nanoparticles. Solid-state density functional theory simulations are performed to countercheck and validate our experimental data. Positive surface formation energy, high charge transfer, and strong non-bonding interaction via electrostatic forces confirm the stability of 4Au/6% WO3/CN interface.
Joint embedding of structure and features via graph convolutional networks
Authors: Lerique Sébastien , Abitbol Jacob Levy , Karsai Márton 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe creation of social ties is largely determined by the entangled effects of people’s similarities in terms of individual characters and friends. However, feature and structural characters of people usually appear to be correlated, making it difficult to determine which has greater responsibility in the formation of the emergent network structure. We propose AN2VEC, a node embedding method which ultimately aims at disentangling the information shared by the structure of a network and the features of its nodes. Building on the recent developments of Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN), we develop a multitask GCN Variational Autoencoder where different dimensions of the generated embeddings can be dedicated to encoding feature information, network structure, and shared feature-network information. We explore the interaction between these disentangled characters by comparing the embedding reconstruction performance to a baseline case where no shared information is extracted. We use synthetic datasets with different levels of interdependency between feature and network characters and show (i) that shallow embeddings relying on shared information perform better than the corresponding reference with unshared information, (ii) that this performance gap increases with the correlation between network and feature structure, and (iii) that our embedding is able to capture joint information of structure and features. Our method can be relevant for the analysis and prediction of any featured network structure ranging from online social systems to network medicine.