bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct comparison of five different 3D extracellular matrix model systems for characterization of cancer cell migration
Authors: Shinsato Yoshinari , Doyle Andrew D. , Li Weimin , Yamada Kenneth M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThree‐dimensional (3D) in vitro model systems can bridge the gap between regular two‐dimensional cell culture and whole‐animal studies. Analyses of cancer cell migration and invasion increasingly use differing 3D systems, which may produce conflicting findings.AimsWe directly compared different 3D extracellular matrix systems for studying cancer cell migration/invasion by analyzing cell morphologies and quantifying aspects of cell migration including speed and directional persistence using automated computer‐based cell tracking.Methods and resultsWe performed direct comparisons of five different 3D extracellular matrix cell culture systems using both HT1080 fibrosarcoma and MDA‐MB‐231 breast carcinoma cell lines. The reconstituted 3D systems included two types of collagen hydrogel and tissue matrix gel (TMG) vs cell‐derived matrices extracted from cultured primary human or cancer‐associated fibroblasts. The fibrillar matrix architecture of these systems differed. 3D rat tail collagen and TMG matrices had short, randomly oriented collagen fibrils; bovine collagen had long, larger fibril bundles; and the cell‐derived matrices were strongly oriented. HT1080 cells displayed rounded morphologies in all three reconstituted 3D matrices but became spindle shaped in the two cell‐derived matrices. MDA‐MB‐231 cell morphologies were elongated in all matrices. Quantitative measures of cell migration parameters differed markedly between the different types of 3D matrix. Comparing the reconstituted matrices, cells migrated the most rapidly and furthest in TMG. Comparing TMG with cell‐derived matrices, cells migrated more efficiently in the cell‐derived matrices. The most notable differences were in directional persistence of migration, which was greatest in the two cell‐derived matrices.ConclusionThe morphologies of matrix fibrils and cell shape, and particularly the efficiency and directionality of cell migration, differed substantially depending on the type of 3D matrix system. We suggest that it is important to employ the 3D model system that most closely resembles the matrix environment being studied for analyses of cancer cell migration and invasion.
Pristine Graphene as a Racemization Catalyst for Axially Chiral BINOL
Authors: Kroeger Asja A. , Hooper Joel F. , Karton Amir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite versatile applications of functionalized graphene in catalysis, applications of pure, unfunctionalized graphene in catalysis are in their infancy. This work uses both computational and experimental approaches to show that single‐layer graphene can efficiently catalyze the racemization of axially chiral BINOL in solution. Using double‐hybrid density functional theory (DHDFT) we calculate the uncatalyzed and catalyzed Gibbs free reaction barrier heights in a number of representative solvents of varying polarity: benzene, diphenyl ether, dimethylformamide (DMF), and water. These calculations show that (i) graphene can achieve significant catalytic efficiencies (▵▵G≠cat) varying between 47.2 (in diphenyl ether) and 60.7 (in DMF) kJ mol−1. An energy decomposition analysis reveals that this catalytic activity is driven by electrostatic and dispersion interactions. Based on these computational results, we explore the graphene‐catalyzed racemization of axially chiral BINOL experimentally and show that single‐layer graphene can efficiently catalyze this process. Whilst the uncatalyzed racemization requires high temperatures of over 200 °C, a pristine single‐layer graphene catalyst makes it accessible at 60 °C.
Giardia lamblia: Laboratory Maintenance, Lifecycle Induction, and Infection of Murine Models
Authors: Fink Marc Y. , Shapiro Danielle , Singer Steven M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGiardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite that is found ubiquitously throughout the world and is a major contributor to diarrheal disease. Giardia exhibits a biphasic lifestyle existing as either a dormant cyst or a vegetative trophozoite. Infections are typically initiated through the consumption of cyst‐contaminated water or food. Giardia was first axenized in the 1970s and can be readily maintained in a laboratory setting. Additionally, Giardia is one of the few protozoans that can be induced to complete its complete lifecycle using laboratory methods. In this article, we outline protocols to maintain Giardia and induce passage through its lifecycle. We also provide protocols for infecting and quantifying parasites in an animal infection model. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: In vitro maintenance and growth of Giardia trophozoitesBasic Protocol 2: In vitro encystation of Giardia cystsBasic Protocol 3: In vivo infections using Giardia trophozoites
Relationships between emotional processing difficulties and early maladaptive schemas on the regulation of psychological needs
Authors: Faustino Bruno , Vasco António Branco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmotional processing difficulties may be viewed as dysfunctional emotional states emerging from non‐adequately processed emotional experience while early maladaptive schemas are experienced‐based dysfunctional mental structures associated with chronic and recurrent psychological disorders. Schemas and emotional difficulties were previously associated with impairments on the regulation of psychological needs. However, clarifications about the relationships between these constructs are lacking. In a cross‐sectional study, a clinical sample of 66 participants (M = 46.4, SD = 13.1) completed self‐report questionnaires. Emotional processing difficulties correlated positively with schemas and negatively with the regulation of psychological needs. Disconnection and rejection, lack of autonomy and impaired limits schema domains mediated the relationship between emotional processing difficulties and psychological needs. Emotional processing difficulties may be associated with impairments on the regulation of psychological needs, due to activation of early maladaptive schemas, which, in turn, prompts symptomatology. Transtheoretical intervention regarding marker‐guided interventions and phase‐by‐phase schema restructuring may be used to promote the regulation of psychological needs.
How fashion can achieve sustainable development through a circular economy and stakeholder engagement: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ki Chung‐Wha (Chloe) , Chong Sze Man , Ha‐Brookshire Jung E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the strong societal demand for circular fashion (CF) businesses, the literature lacks a contextualized understanding about what has been explored versus what has been underexplored in the current literature. Although the fashion supply chain involves many stakeholders, the majority of the literature discusses CF from the stance of internal stakeholders. Less is understood about the external stakeholders' perspective. To offer a holistic understanding about the CF traits (i.e., drivers, strategies, practices, barriers, and enablers) for all stakeholders, we have systematically reviewed the CF literature and integrated a stakeholder's perspective into this review process. Through content analysis, Study 1 shows the current trends in the CF literature and suggests avenues for future research. Through thematic analysis, Study 2 identifies the CF traits for all stakeholders, both internal and external. The results yielded a conceptual framework offering an integrated understanding about how fashion businesses can institute true circularity by engaging external stakeholders in their CF‐related endeavors.
High‐quality coplanar waveguide tunable band‐stop filter using defected ground structure and comb‐line resonator with radio frequency microelectromechanical system varactors
Authors: Mirebrahimi S. Mehdi , Dousti Massoud , Afrang Saed 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA new analog tunable Ka‐band band‐stop filter is proposed on high resistivity silicon (HRS) substrate using radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) varactors for satellite and radar applications. The designed filter uses a λ/4 comb‐line resonator on the center line of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with a new uncommon defected ground structure (DGS). Using the DGS in the proposed structure not only decreases the lateral size of the filter but also increases the quality factor. The tuning range of the proposed filter is 29.8–35.6 GHz with a maximum actuation voltage of 44.5 V and a band rejection between 37 and 45 dB. The quality factors of the designed filter in the up and down states of the MEMS varactors are 162 and 292, respectively. The equivalent circuit model of the filter is exactly extracted, and DGS dimensions are optimized. Based on the frequency simulation using ANSOFT HFSS 14, the insertion loss of the designed filter is about 0.51 dB in the 0–20 GHz range and 2 dB in the 0–15 GHz range in, respectively, up and down state of the bridge. The return losses are 0.51 and 0.33 dB at the center frequency for the up‐ and down‐state configuration of the bridge. A step‐by‐step fabrication process is also proposed for designing the band‐stop filter. High quality factor, small size, and improved structure are the advantages of the proposed design.
Molecular regulation and clinical significance of caveolin‐1 methylation in chronic lung diseases
Authors: Yan Furong , Su Lili , Chen Xiaoyang , Wang Xiangdong , Gao Hongzhi , Zeng Yiming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic lung diseases represent a largely global burden whose pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Research increasingly suggests that epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, play a mechanistic role in chronic lung diseases. DNA methylation can affect gene expression and induce various diseases. Of the caveolae in plasma membrane of cell, caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) is a crucial structural constituent involved in many important life activities. With the increasingly advanced progress of genome‐wide methylation sequencing technologies, the important impact of Cav‐1 DNA methylation has been discovered. The present review overviews the biological characters, functions, and structure of Cav‐1; epigenetic modifications of Cav‐1 in health and disease; expression and regulation of Cav‐1 DNA methylation in the respiratory system and its significance; as well as clinical potential as disease‐specific biomarker and targets for early diagnosis and therapy.
HOTAIR‐EZH2 inhibitor AC1Q3QWB upregulates CWF19L1 and enhances cell cycle inhibition of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in glioma
Authors: Shi Jin , Lv Shigang , Wu Miaojing , Wang Xianggan , Deng Yan , Li Yansheng , Li Kuanxun , Zhao Hongyu , Zhu Xingen , Ye Minhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary tumor in the brain, and the median survival time for GBM patients is only about 14 months; therefore, there is an urgent need for new and more effective strategies. Since cell cycle disorder is a key factor in tumor progression and immortalization, there is great potential for controlling cell cycle disorders in tumor cells in GBM patients. We began to study a novel combination of AQB and palbociclib to evaluate its potential as a new therapeutic target.MethodsProtein mass spectrometry was used to identify the tumor suppressor genes up‐regulated by AQB.The effects of HOTAIR ‐ EZH2 inhibitor AQB and CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib on glioma cells lines were examined in vitro and in vivo experiments.ResultsThe combination of AQB and palbociclib inhibitors has a more pronounced suppression effect on the cell cycle, especially gliomas with high expression of HOTAIR and EZH2 and low expression of CWF19L1. We performed protein mass spectrometry to identify AQB upregulated tumor suppressor genes and confirmed that CWF19L1 is regulated by H3K27ac through chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative PCR results. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and database analysis were performed to suggest CWF19L1 is a good prognostic factor. Our experimental results suggested that CWF19L1 can be significantly upregulated by AQB and lead to degradation of CDK4/6, resulting in G1 arrest. The combination of AQB and CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib is more effective in inhibiting the growth of glioma than in the single drug, both in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, we found that both AQB and palbociclib can inhibit Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and the combined use of the two inhibitors has a stronger inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis.ConclusionsThe combination of AQB and CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib has been found to have significant antitumor effects, which is likely to become a new strategy for glioma treatment.
Can routine laboratory tests discriminate SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pneumonia from other causes of community‐acquired pneumonia?
Authors: Pan Yunbao , Ye Guangming , Zeng Xiantao , Liu Guohong , Zeng Xiaojiao , Jiang Xianghu , Zhao Jin , Chen Liangjun , Guo Shuang , Deng Qiaoling , Hong Xiaoyue , Yang Ying , Li Yirong , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical presentation of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pneumonia (COVID‐19) resembles that of other etiologies of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to identify clinical laboratory features to distinguish COVID‐19 from CAP.MethodsWe compared the hematological and biochemical features of 84 patients with COVID‐19 at hospital admission and 221 patients with CAP. Parameters independently predictive of COVID‐19 were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured to evaluate the discriminative ability.ResultsMost hematological and biochemical indexes of patients with COVID‐19 were significantly different from patients with CAP. Nine laboratory parameters were identified to be predictive of a diagnosis of COVID‐19. The AUCs demonstrated good discriminatory ability for red cell distribution width (RDW) with an AUC of 0.87 and hemoglobin with an AUC of 0.81. Red blood cell, albumin, eosinophil, hematocrit, alkaline phosphatase, and mean platelet volume had fair discriminatory ability. Combinations of any two parameters performed better than did the RDW alone.ConclusionsRoutine laboratory examinations may be helpful for the diagnosis of COVID‐19. Application of laboratory tests may help to optimize the use of isolation rooms for patients when they present with unexplained febrile respiratory illnesses.
Surgical trauma‐induced immunosuppression in cancer: Recent advances and the potential therapies
Authors: Tang Fan , Tie Yan , Tu Chongqi , Wei Xiawei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurgical resection remains the mainstay treatment for solid cancers, especially for localized disease. However, the postoperative immunosuppression provides a window for cancer cell proliferation and awakening dormant cancer cells, leading to rapid recurrences or metastases. This immunosuppressive status after surgery is associated with the severity of surgical trauma since immunosuppression induced by minimally invasive surgery is less than that of an extensive open surgery. The systemic response to tissue damages caused by surgical operations and the subsequent wound healing induced a cascade alteration in cellular immunity. After surgery, patients have a high level of circulating damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering a local and systemic inflammation. The inflammatory metrics in the immediate postoperative period was associated with the prognosis of cancer patients. Neutrophils provide the first response to surgical trauma, and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promotes cancer progression. Activated macrophage during wound healing presents a tumor‐associated phenotype that cancers can exploit for their survival advantage. In addition, the amplification and activation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) or the elevated programmed death ligand‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression under surgical trauma, exacerbate the immunosuppression and favor of the formation of the premetastatic niche. Therapeutic strategies to reduce the cellular immunity impairment after surgery include anti‐DAMPs, anti‐postoperative inflammation or inflammatory/pyroptosis signal, combined immunotherapy with surgery, antiangiogenesis and targeted therapies for neutrophils, macrophages, MDSCs, and Tregs. Further, the application of enhanced recovery after surgery also has a feasible outcome for postoperative immunity restoration. Overall, current therapies to improve the cellular immunity under the special condition after surgery are relatively lacking. Further understanding the underlying mechanisms of surgical trauma‐related immunity dysfunction, phenotyping the immunosuppressive cells, and developing the related therapeutic intervention should be explored.
Human gene and disease associations for clinical‐genomics and precision medicine research
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Zeeshan Saman , Mendhe Dinesh , Dong XinQi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe are entering the era of personalized medicine in which an individual's genetic makeup will eventually determine how a doctor can tailor his or her therapy. Therefore, it is becoming critical to understand the genetic basis of common diseases, for example, which genes predispose and rare genetic variants contribute to diseases, and so on. Our study focuses on helping researchers, medical practitioners, and pharmacists in having a broad view of genetic variants that may be implicated in the likelihood of developing certain diseases. Our focus here is to create a comprehensive database with mobile access to all available, authentic and actionable genes, SNPs, and classified diseases and drugs collected from different clinical and genomics databases worldwide, including Ensembl, GenCode, ClinVar, GeneCards, DISEASES, HGMD, OMIM, GTR, CNVD, Novoseek, Swiss‐Prot, LncRNADisease, Orphanet, GWAS Catalog, SwissVar, COSMIC, WHO, and FDA. We present a new cutting‐edge gene‐SNP‐disease‐drug mobile database with a smart phone application, integrating information about classified diseases and related genes, germline and somatic mutations, and drugs. Its database includes over 59 000 protein‐coding and noncoding genes; over 67 000 germline SNPs and over a million somatic mutations reported for over 19 000 protein‐coding genes located in over 1000 regions, published with over 3000 articles in over 415 journals available at the PUBMED; over 80 000 ICDs; over 123 000 NDCs; and over 100 000 classified gene‐SNP‐disease associations. We present an application that can provide new insights into the information about genetic basis of human complex diseases and contribute to assimilating genomic with phenotypic data for the availability of gene‐based designer drugs, precise targeting of molecular fingerprints for tumor, appropriate drug therapy, predicting individual susceptibility to disease, diagnosis, and treatment of rare illnesses are all a few of the many transformations expected in the decade to come.
Development and external validation of a predictive scoring system associated with metastasis of T1‐2 colorectal tumors to lymph nodes
Authors: Mo Shaobo , Zhou Zheng , Dai Weixing , Xiang Wenqiang , Han Lingyu , Zhang Long , Wang Renjie , Cai Sanjun , Li Qingguo , Cai Guoxiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is critical for determining the optimum therapeutic solutions for T1‐2 colorectal cancer (CRC) to accurately predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) status. The purpose of the present study is to establish and verify a nomogram to predict LNM status in T1‐2 CRCs.MethodsA total of 16 600 T1‐2 CRC patients were enrolled and classified into the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts. The independent predictive parameters were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses to develop a nomogram to predict the probability of LNM status. The calibration curve, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram, and an external verification cohort was to verify the applicability of the nomogram.ResultsSeven independent predictors of LNM in T1‐2 CRC were identified in the multivariable analysis, including age, tumor site, tumor grade, perineural invasion, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, clinical assessment of LNM, and T stage. A nomogram incorporating the seven predictors was constructed. The nomogram yielded good discrimination and calibration, with AUROCs of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70‐0.75), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.67‐0.74), and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71‐0.79) in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts, respectively. DCA showed that the predictive scoring system had high clinical application value.ConclusionsWe proposed a novel predictive model for LNM in T1‐2 CRC patients to assist physicians in making treatment decisions. The nomogram is advantageous for tailoring therapy in T1‐2 CRC patients.
A four‐factor immune risk score signature predicts the clinical outcome of patients with spinal chordoma
Authors: Zou Ming‐Xiang , Pan Yue , Huang Wei , Zhang Tao‐Lan , Escobar David , Wang Xiao‐Bin , Jiang Yi , She Xiao‐Ling , Lv Guo‐Hua , Li Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the measurement of immune cells in previous studies is usually subjective, and no immune‐based prognostic model has been established for chordoma. In this study, we sought to simultaneously measure tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subtypes in chordoma samples using an objective method and develop an immune risk score (IRS) model for survival prediction.MethodsMultiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the TIL levels in the tumoral and stromal subareas of 114 spinal chordoma specimens (54 in the training and 60 in the validation cohort) for programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), CD3, CD8, CD20 (where CD is cluster of differentiation), and FOXP3. Flow cytometry was performed to validate the immunofluorescence assay for lymphocyte measurement on an additional five fresh chordoma specimens. Subsequently, the IRS model was built using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method.ResultsFlow cytometry and quantitative immunofluorescence showed similar lymphocytic percentages and TIL subpopulation proportions in the fresh tumor specimens. With the training data, the LASSO model identified four immune features for IRS construction: tumoralFOXP3, tumoralPD‐1, stromalFOXP3, and stromalCD8. In both cohorts, a high IRS was significantly associated with tumoral programmed cell death‐1 ligand 1 expression, Enneking inappropriate tumor resection, and surrounding muscle invasion by tumor. Multivariate Cox regression and stratified analysis in the two cohorts revealed that the IRS was an independent predictor and could effectively separate patients with similar Enneking staging into different risk subgroups, with significantly different survival rates. Further receiver operating characteristic analysis found that the IRS classifier had a better prognostic value than the traditional clinicopathological factors and compensated for the deficiency of Enneking staging for outcome prediction. More importantly, a nomogram based on the IRS and clinical predictors showed adequate performance in estimating disease recurrence and survival of patients.ConclusionsThese data support the use of the IRS signature as a reliable prognostic tool in spinal chordoma and may facilitate individualized therapy decision making for patients.