bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Progress on the Relationship between the Structures and Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Geng Wei , Tong Chuan‐Jia , Zhang Yanning , Liu Li‐Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have attracted great attention due to their high conversion efficiency, easy preparation, and low cost. In spite of impressive development, some fundamental scientific issues regarding perovskites have not been resolved, such as the inclusion of toxic Pb, their poor stability under moisture, oxygen, heat, and/or light conditions, and their hysteretic current–voltage behavior. In the past few years, theoretical approaches have been extensively and successfully applied to the investigation of perovskite solar cells. Here, the current theoretical progress in perovskite photovoltaic applications is summarized from a theoretical perspective, including important theoretical results in fundamental structures and properties, computational design of perovskites by high throughput calculation and machine learning, hysteresis‐related ion migration, compositional substitution and mixing, surface reconstruction, mechanisms of degradation and passivation, interface carrier recombination, and the distribution and rotation of organic cations caused polarization and domain.
Enhancing the permeability of reverse osmosis membrane by embedding the star‐like rigid supports in the substrate
Authors: Lian Xiangyang , Liu Wanjun , Xie Jianqiang , Shi Qiang , Yao Shaowei , Guo Yuexin , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with high permeability have been prepared by interfacial polymerization based on tailoring the polysulfone (PSf) substrate structure by in situ embedded poly(p‐phenylene terephthamide) (PPTA) star‐like rigid supports. The star‐like rigid supports were observed by the polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface properties of the substrates were investigated by FTIR, the water contact angle (WCA), FESEM and AFM. The WCA was decreased from 88.5° to 72.3° with the PPTA increasing from 0% to 8%, and the surface roughness increased from 24.2, 25.1, 33.5 and 58.6 nm, respectively. Furthermore, numerous interconnect micro‐structures were constructed in the substrate when the PPTA content was up to 8%. The pure water flux of 8% PPTA/92%PSf substrate was up to 377.0 L m−2 h−1 and the flux decline rate was lowest (64%) after compacted at 5.5 MPa for 30 min. Otherwise, increasing the PPTA contents in the substrate enhanced the roughness, encouraged nanosheet formation and improved the permeability of TFC RO membranes. The pure water flux of the TFC RO membranes increased from 36.32 to 58.42 L m−2 h−1, where the NaCl rejection was about 99.5% at 5.5 MPa.
The rotation–activity relation of M dwarfs: From K2 to TESS and PLATO
Authors: Raetz Stefanie , Stelzer Beate , Scholz Alexander 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudies of the rotation–activity relation of late‐type stars are essential to enhance our understanding of stellar dynamos and angular momentum evolution. We study the rotation–activity relation with K2 for M dwarfs, where it is especially poorly understood. We analyzed the light curves of all bright and nearby M dwarfs form the Superblink proper motion catalog that were in the K2 field of view. Using a sample of 430 M dwarfs observed in campaigns C0–C19 in long‐cadence mode, we determined the rotation period and a wealth of activity diagnostics. Our study of the rotation–activity relation based on photometric activity indicators confirmed the previously published abrupt change of the activity level at a rotation period of ∼10 days. Our sample, which is more than three times larger, increases the statistical significance of this finding.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Macrocyclic Actinium‐225 Chelator, Quality Control and In Vivo Evaluation of 225Ac‐crown‐αMSH Peptide
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhang Chengcheng , Yuan Zheliang , Rodriguez‐Rodriguez Cristina , Robertson Andrew , Radchenko Valery , Perron Randy , Gendron Denise , Causey Patrick , Gao Feng , Bénard François , Schaffer Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTargeted alpha‐therapy (TAT) has great potential for treating a broad range of late‐stage cancers by delivering a focused and lethal radiation dose to tumors. Actinium‐225 (225Ac) is an emerging alpha emitter suitable for TAT; however, the availability of chelators for Ac remains limited to a small number of examples (DOTA and macropa). Herein, we report a new Ac macrocyclic chelator named ‘crown’, which binds quantitatively and rapidly (<10 min) to Ac at ambient temperature. We synthesized 225Ac‐crown‐αMSH, a peptide targeting the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), specifically expressed in primary and metastatic melanoma. Biodistribution of 225Ac‐crown‐αMSH showed favorable tumor‐to‐background ratios at 2 h post injection in a preclinical model. In addition, we demonstrated dramatically different biodistrubution patterns of 225Ac‐crown‐αMSH when subjected to different latency times before injection. A combined quality control methodology involving HPLC, gamma spectroscopy and radioTLC is recommended.
Single nucleotide polymorphism calling and imputation strategies for cost‐effective genotyping in a tropical maize breeding program
Authors: de Oliveira Amanda Avelar , Guimarães Lauro José Moreira , Guimarães Claudia Teixeira , Guimarães Paulo Evaristo de Oliveira , Pinto Marcos de Oliveira , Pastina Maria Marta , Margarido Gabriel Rodrigues Alves 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) datasets typically feature high rates of missingness and heterozygote undercalling, prompting the use of data imputation. We compared the accuracy of four imputation methods—NPUTE, Beagle, k‐nearest neighbors imputation (KNNI), and fast inbreed line library imputation (FILLIN)—using GBS data of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines, genotyped using different multiplexing levels. Two strategies for SNP‐calling and genotype imputation were evaluated. First, only lines genotyped through 96‐plex were used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery, whereas both 96‐ and 384‐plex were simultaneously used in the second strategy. In the first genotype imputation strategy, only the 96‐plex lines were imputed, then the remaining lines were appended (96‐plex‐imputed plus 384‐plex) and then imputed. In the second imputation strategy, we jointly imputed both datasets. We also investigated the impacts of including heterozygous genotypes and distinct rates of missing genotypes per locus. The different SNP‐calling strategies and percentage of missing data did not substantially affect the imputation accuracy. However, the different imputation strategies showed a substantial effect. Generally, imputations were less accurate for heterozygotes. The scenario 96‐plex‐imputed plus 384‐plex showed accuracies similar to the 96‐plex scenario. Beagle and NPUTE produced the highest accuracies. Our results indicate that combining SNP‐calling and imputation strategies can enhance genotyping in a cost‐effective manner, resulting in higher imputation accuracies.
A metaheuristic‐based method for replica selection in the Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Suli , Batiha Khaldoun 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWith the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the count of gadgets connected to the Internet has been increased. IoT, as a modern paradigm, has been used to describe the future in which physical things like RFID tags, sensors, actuators, and cellphones can intermingle for achieving shared purposes. Also, we can employ cloud computing for storing the things' information in the IoT. However, this information has been replicated through the network for increasing availability. In this paper, due to the NP‐hard nature of the replica selection problem, an improved version of ant colony optimization (IACO) has been applied. The impact of pheromone on the chosen path is converted by ants to invert the underlying logic of ACO. Due to the existence of different IoT centers, the IACO has been employed for selecting the replicated data in the IoT where the load balancing among IoT centers has been considered. In this method, an ant chooses the ideal point for its movement; then others may not pass the track that the preceding ants have been passed. The obtained outcomes have shown that the method has outperformed the ACO, HQFR, and RTRM approaches regarding the waiting time and load balancing.
Magnetized mixed convection second‐grade fluid flow adjacent to a lubricated vertical surface
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Shehzad S. A. , Taj Muhammad , Ramesh G. K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aspects of magnetized mixed convection in second‐grade fluid flow near stagnant point induced by vertical wall are reported. The fluid is impinging orthogonally on the power law lubricant surface. The convective surface temperature and concentration distribution have been assumed. Both the lubricant and the base fluid are governed by the partial differential mathematical expressions. The velocity of the second‐grade fluid and the lubricant are supposed to be continuous at interface. To get the solution of defined nonlinear problem, an implicit numerical technique namely Keller‐Box scheme is applied. The influential constraints are visualized by plotting graphs on velocity, concentration, and thermal profiles. The results of skin‐friction factors, and mass and heat transport rates for both opposing and assisting flows are tabulated and evaluated. The obtained results are validated through available data for limiting conditions.
Influence of maternal and perinatal characteristics on risk of postpartum chronic hypertension after pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Keepanasseril Anish , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Velmurugan Bharathi , Kar Sitanshu S. , Maurya Dilip K. , Pillai Ajith A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of new‐onset postpartum chronic hypertension (PPCH) after pre‐eclampsia and to determine the factors are associated with it.MethodsThis study was conducted in a tertiary center in south India, between June 2018 and February 2019, consisting of pre‐eclamptic women who were recruited as part of an ongoing cohort and had completed at least 3 months of postpartum follow‐up. Demographic, medical, and laboratory details were collected. Primary outcome was a diagnosis of new‐onset PPCH at 3 months.ResultsPPCH at 3 months was noted in 32 (18.1%) women. During postnatal follow‐up, 2 (1.1%) women experienced hemiplegia from stroke and 19 (10.7%) had elevated serum creatinine levels (>1.1 mg/dL). On multivariate analysis, advancing maternal age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.21), multiparity (aOR 2.79, 95% CI 1.07–7.24), and eclampsia (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.03–9.13) increased the risk of PPCH at 3 months postpartum.ConclusionOne in five women present with a diagnosis of new‐onset PPCH within 3 months postpartum in a cohort of predominantly preterm and/or severe pre‐eclampsia. A significant but weak association of PPCH with peripartum clinical characteristics was noted. The role of biochemical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic biomarkers should be evaluated for prediction of PPCH after pre‐eclampsia in future studies.
Prenatal pregabalin is associated with sex‐dependent alterations in some behavioral parameters in valproic acid‐induced autism in rat offspring
Authors: Shamsi Meymandi Manzumeh , Sepehri Gholamreza , Moslemizadeh Amirhossein , Vakili Shahrbabaki SeyyedSajjad , Bashiri Hamideh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to pregabalin (PGB) on behavioral changes of rat offspring in an animal model of valproic acid (VPA)‐induced autism‐like symptoms. Pregnant rats received VPA (600 mg/kg/i.p.) once at 12.5 gestational days for autism‐like symptom induction in offspring. After the delivery single male and single female offspring from each mother were randomly selected for behavioral test (anxiety, pain response, pleasure, and motor function) at 60th day adulthood (n = 7). Offspring received prenatal PGB (15 & 30 mg/kg/i.p.) during gestational days 9.5 to 15.5 either alone or in combination with VPA (PGB15, PGB30, PGB15 + VPA, and PGB30 + VPA). Control offspring received normal saline during the same period. The result showed that prenatal VPA exposure was associated with autism‐like behaviors in rat offspring. PGB treatment during the gestational period revealed significant reduction in sucrose preference test and anxiety in elevated plus maze and open field test in offspring. Also, PGB treatments exhibited a dose‐dependent increase in pain threshold in prenatally VPA exposed rats in tail‐flick and hot plate test. Also, there was a sex‐related significant impairment in motor function in beam balance and open field test, and male rats were affected more than females. However, no significant sex differences in sucrose preference and pain sensitivity were observed in prenatal PGB‐treated rat offspring. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to VPA increased the risk of autism‐like behaviors in the offspring rats, and PGB treatment during the gestational period was associated with some beneficial effects, including anxiety reduction and motor impairment in autism‐like symptoms in rat offspring.
Joint influence of anomalous medium‐ and small‐scale circulations on short‐term heavy rainfall events over Beijing
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Yuanxiang , Nan Sulan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDense auto‐weather station data, variational doppler radar analysis system (fast updating radar four‐dimensional variation analysis system) data, radiosonde data and ERA‐Interim reanalysis data are used to investigate the joint influence of anomalous medium and small‐scale circulations associated with short‐term heavy rainfall events, which are influenced by the interaction between Pacific subtropical high and westerly trough (Type i) over Beijing between June and August 2007–2014. This Type i primarily comprises short‐term heavy rainfall events over Beijing. The results show that short‐term heavy rainfall events appear mainly over Northeastern and Southwestern Beijing, especially Northeastern Beijing, and generally reach a peak at dusk (19:00–21:00). Large‐scale circulations (an anomalous high in the east and an anomalous low in the west over Eastern Asia) favour the southeastern and southwestern winds to transport water vapour northward to Beijing. An anomalous mesoscale cyclone moves from west to northeast via the north to Beijing at approximately 20:00. An abnormal air temperature structure (warm and wet air at whole levels), an abnormal mesoscale circulation structure (with lower‐level convergence and mid‐upper‐level divergence) and the resulting abnormal vertical upward movement are well developed over Beijing. The upward branch over the southern outskirt of the anomalous mesoscale cyclone partly overlaps with that of the anomalous small‐scale cyclonic circulations or convergence lines (anomalous thunderstorm highs), and a striking vertical upward motion is produced. One airstream of the upward branches moves into the upper divergence region (it “pumps” mid‐lower level air into the mid‐upper levels) and makes the upward motion more vigorous. Another airstream turns around and descends fiercely to the surface (downward branches of anomalous thunderstorm highs); that is, the anomalous thunderstorm highs are reinforced, and the frequency peak in the short‐term heavy rainfall events occurs at dusk. The short‐term heavy rainfall events weaken at night. The analyses of vertical velocity anomalies for anomalous medium‐scale cyclone as well as turbulent vertical velocities and diagnostic radar echoes for anomalous small‐scale circulations in the heavy rainfall event on July 21, 2012 further verify the statistical results.
Predictors of recurrence after total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection and radioactive iodine ablation for high‐risk papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Yonghan , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Song Dongeun , Cho Kyung‐Ja , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmerican Thyroid Association (ATA) proposed management guidelines for differentiated thyroid cancer, including a three‐tiered risk stratification system for structural recurrence. This study aimed to compare the various 2015 ATA criteria for the strength of association with the recurrence of high‐risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Study DesignThis study included 545 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection and radioactive iodine ablation (RAI) for previously untreated high‐risk PTC. The association of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) with clinicopathological factors was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses.ResultsDuring a follow‐up median period of 89 months, 90 (16.5%) patients had any‐site recurrence. Of the high‐risk factors, high stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) level and >3‐cm sized lymph nodes (LNs) were significantly associated with recurrence (all P < .005). Sex, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, multifocality, number of positive LNs, extranodal extension, T and N classifications, and overall tumor‐node‐metastasis stage were also significantly associated with recurrence (all P < .05). In multivariate analyses, high sTg level [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 7.18] and N1b (adjusted HR = 3.27) were independent factors predictive of recurrence (all P ≤ .001).ConclusionsPostoperative high serum sTg level might be the most important predictor of PTC recurrence after total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection and RAI.
Integrated Population Modeling for White‐Tailed Deer in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Messmer David J. , Henderson Allison E. , Whiklo Todd M. , Conkin Katherine R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMonitoring annual change and long‐term trends in population structure and abundance of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is an important but challenging component of their management. Many monitoring programs consist of count‐based indices of relative abundance along with a variety of population structure information. Analyzed separately these data can be difficult to interpret because of observation error in the data collection process, missing data, and the lack of an explicit biological model to connect the data streams while accounting for their relative imprecision. We used a Bayesian age‐structured integrated population model to integrate data from a fall spotlight survey that produced a count‐based index of relative abundance and a volunteer staff and citizen classification survey that generated a fall recruitment index. Both surveys took place from 2003–2018 in the parkland ecoregion of southeast Saskatchewan, Canada. Our approach modeled demographic processes for age‐specific (0.5‐, 1.5‐, ≥2.5‐year‐old classes) populations and was fit to count and recruitment data via models that allowed for error in the respective observation processes. The Bayesian framework accommodated missing data and allowed aggregation of transects to act as samples from the larger management unit population. The approach provides managers with continuous time series of estimated relative abundance, recruitment rates, and apparent survival rates with full propagation of uncertainty and sharing of information among transects. We used this model to demonstrate winter severity effects on recruitment rates via an interaction between winter snow depth and minimum temperatures. In years with colder than average temperatures and above average snow depth, recruitment was depressed, whereas the negative effect of snow depth reversed in years with above average temperatures. This and other covariate information can be incorporated into the model to test relationships and provide predictions of future population change prior to setting of hunting seasons. Likewise, post hoc analysis of model output allows other hypothesis tests, such as determining the statistical support for whether population status has crossed a management trigger threshold. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Reduced‐order observer‐based robust drag‐tracking guidance for uncertain entry vehicles
Authors: Yan Han , Wang Xinghu , He Yingzi , Wei Chunling 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis article studies the drag‐tracking guidance design problem of entry vehicles with low lift‐to‐drag ratio. Taking issues of uncertainty and input saturation into account, we develop a reduced‐order observer‐based robust output feedback guidance law, making the drag‐tracking error converge near zero. Our study not only achieves robust drag‐tracking guidance against inherently existing uncertainty, but also removes the redundant drag estimation in the literature. The Monte Carlo simulation is done to illustrate the advantage of the developed method.
Individual variability among autochthonous sheep in Northern Tunisia to infection by abomasum nematodes and Babesia/Theileria parasites
Authors: Rouatbi Mariem , Romdhane Rihab , Bouaicha Faten , Saddem Rahma , Sassi Limam , Dhibi Mokhtar , Rekik Mourad , Haile Aynalem , Mwacharo Joram M. , Rischkowsky Barbara , Darghouth Mohamed Aziz , Gharbi Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Tunisia, livestock plays an important role in the economy; unfortunately, Tunisian sheep population faces several health challenges. The aim of this trial was to study phenotypic variability of four local sheep breeds and strains to abomasum nematodes infection and to Babesia/Theileria parasites. Faeces, blood and abomasum contents were collected from 310 sheep slaughtered in eight commercial slaughterhouses across North Tunisia. Haematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. DNA was extracted and catch‐all primers were used to detect both Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. DNA. Faecal egg counts (FEC) was quantitatively assessed using simple flotation technique followed by McMaster technique. Male and female worms were collected from all abomasum contents and counted under a stereomicroscope. The percentage of faeces samples positive for GIN’s eggs was 30.82%. After worms’ recovery, the infection prevalence was estimated to 75.90%. The overall infection prevalence by Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. was 4.21%. The dispersion of observations plots obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) showed two clusters of individuals. The first cluster contains animals having positive Babesia/Theileria PCR, presence of nematodes in the abomasum contents and relatively low total worm count (TWC < 500) expect one animal which was found bearing high TWC (>500). In this same group, with a suspected form of resistance, animals showed normal values of albumin and normal haematological parameters (red blood cell count [RBC], haemoglobin [Hb] and packed cell volume [PCV]). The second cluster represents all the other observations in which subgroups of animals were distinguished on the basis of their potential resistance to abomasum nematodes. Multiple correlations showed significant positive correlations between RBC/Hb, RBC/PCV, PCV/Hb and FEC/TWC. Significant negative correlations were observed between TWC/RBC and TWC/Hb. It is concluded that the phenotypic variability among local sheep breeds is essential for more advanced genetic and genomic studies.
Hypoglossusparese nach Follikelpunktion
Authors: Bette B. , Martini M. , Klaschik S. , Hilbert T. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungEine 42-jährige Patientin erleidet im Rahmen einer Maskenkurznarkose für eine Follikelpunktion eine infranukleäre Hypoglossusparese mit rechtsseitiger Schwellung und Schwäche der Zunge, welche zu einer länger als 3 Monate persistierenden Dysarthrie und Dysphagie führt. Eine Wiederaufnahme der Berufstätigkeit wird zunächst unmöglich. Ätiopathogenetisch wird eine mechanische Kompression des peripheren Verlaufs des N. hypoglossus durch Lagerung oder die Reklination während der Maskenbeatmung diskutiert.