bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic plasticity of two M. oleifera ecotypes from different climatic zones under water stress and re-watering
Authors: Brunetti Cecilia , Gori Antonella , Moura Barbara Baesso , Loreto Francesco , Sebastiani Federico , Giordani Edgardo , Ferrini Francesco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing hygrophilic tree native to a humid sub-tropical region of India, now widely planted in many regions of the Southern Hemisphere characterized by low soil water availability. The widespread cultivation of this plant worldwide may have led to populations with different physiological and biochemical traits. In this work, the impact of water stress on the physiology and biochemistry of two M. oleifera populations, one from Chaco Paraguayo (PY) and one from Indian Andhra Pradesh (IA) region, was studied in a screenhouse experiment where the water stress treatment was followed by re-watering. Through transcriptome sequencing, 2201 potential genic simple sequence repeats were identified and used to confirm the genetic differentiation of the two populations. Both populations of M. oleifera reduced photosynthesis, water potential, relative water content and growth under drought, compared to control well-watered plants. A complete recovery of photosynthesis after re-watering was observed in both populations, but growth parameters recovered better in PY than in IA plants. During water stress, PY plants accumulated more secondary metabolites, especially β-carotene and phenylpropanoids, than IA plants, but IA plants invested more into xanthophylls and showed a higher de-epoxidation state of xanthophylls cycle that contributed to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. M. oleifera demonstrated a high genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity, which are key factors for adaptation to dry environments. A higher plasticity (e.g. in PY plants adapted to wet environments) will be a useful trait to endure recurrent but brief water stress episodes, whereas long-term investment of resources into secondary metabolism (e.g. in IA plants adapted to drier environments) will be a successful strategy to cope with prolonged periods of drought. This makes M. oleifera an important resource for agro-forestry in a climate change scenario.
Relationship between quality of life and burden of recurrent atrial fibrillation following ablation: CAPCOST multicentre cohort study
Authors: Essebag Vidal , Azizi Zahra , Alipour Pouria , Khaykin Yaariv , Leong-Sit Peter , Sarrazin Jean-Francois , Sturmer Marcio , Morillo Carlos , Terricabras Maria , Amit Guy , Roux Jean Francois , Patterson Sherri , Verma Atul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) significantly impairs patients’ quality of life (QOL). We performed this study to investigate the effect of AF-ablation success and atrial fibrillation burden (AFB) on QOL measures.

Methods and results
Overall, 230 patients with paroxysmal AF refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs were enrolled and underwent ablation in a multicentre, prospective cohort. Electrocardiogram, 48-h Holter, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Severity of Atrial Fibrillation (CCS-SAF), short form-12 (SF-12), and Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of life (AFEQT) scales were used to assess patients. Atrial fibrillation burden was defined as total duration of AF during the month prior to each visit (h/month). The change in AFB was calculated as the difference between the month prior to the 12-month post-ablation and the baseline pre-ablation. The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) was considered as a 19-point change for AFEQT and 3–5-point change for SF-12 scores. There was significant rise in the AFEQT and SF12 and decrease in CCS-SAF score post-AF ablation; however, the magnitude of these changes was greater in patients without AF recurrence (P &lt; 0.05). The QOL score that best differentiated patients with and without recurrence was AFEQT, while, CCS-SAF was the most specific score. Patients with AFB decrease &gt;19 h/month had significantly greater change in QOL scores. Atrial fibrillation burden &lt; 24 h/month at 12-months post-ablation was associated with significant changes in QOL and CCS-SAF when adjusting for baseline scores and other covariates. These changes were consistent with the MCID of these measures.

Conclusion
Patients experience significant improvements in QOL post-ablation, which correlate with a decrease in AFB despite ongoing brief recurrences of AF.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT01562912. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01562912? term=capcost&rank=1
Choice of statistical model in observational studies of ART
Authors: Dodge Laura E , Farland Leslie V , Correia Katharine F B , Missmer Stacey A , Seidler Emily A , Wilkinson Jack , Modest Anna M , Hacker Michele R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Analyzing data on ART presents unique and sometimes complicated challenges related to choosing the unit(s) of analysis and the statistical model. In this commentary, we provide examples of how these challenges arise and guidance for overcoming them. We discuss the implications of different ways to count treatment cycles, considering the perspectives of research questions, data management and analysis and patient counseling. We present the advantages and disadvantages of different statistical models, and finally, we discuss the definition and calculation of the cumulative incidence of live birth, which is a key outcome of research on ART.
Convergence in Hölder norms with applications to Monte Carlo methods in infinite dimensions
Authors: Cox Sonja , Hutzenthaler Martin , Jentzen Arnulf , van Neerven Jan , Welti Timo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe show that if a sequence of piecewise affine linear processes converges in the strong sense with a positive rate to a stochastic process that is strongly Hölder continuous in time, then this sequence converges in the strong sense even with respect to much stronger Hölder norms and the convergence rate is essentially reduced by the Hölder exponent. Our first application hereof establishes pathwise convergence rates for spectral Galerkin approximations of stochastic partial differential equations. Our second application derives strong convergence rates of multilevel Monte Carlo approximations of expectations of Banach-space-valued stochastic processes.
Clinical Outcomes in 55 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Who Were Asymptomatic at Hospital Admission in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Liu Yingxia , Liu Lei , Wang Xianfeng , Luo Nijuan , Li Ling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, since December 2019. There are few reports about asymptomatic contacts of infected patients identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 through screening. We studied the epidemiological and clinical outcomes in 55 asymptomatic carriers who were laboratory confirmed to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 through nucleic acid testing of pharyngeal swab samples. The asymptomatic carriers seldom occurred among young people (aged 18–29 years) who had close contact with infected family members. In the majority of patients, the outcome was mild or ordinary 2019 novel coronavirus disease during hospitalization.
Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and soy isoflavone supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of pigs
Authors: Bryan Erin E , Smith Brooke N , Honegger Lauren T , Boler Dustin D , Dilger Ryan N , Dilger Anna C 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and dietary soy isoflavone (ISF) supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of commercial pigs. Barrows (21 d of age) were randomly allotted to experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the study: noninfected pigs received an ISF-devoid control diet (CON, n = 22) and infected pigs received either the control diet (PRRSV–CON, n = 20) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,500 mg/kg (PRRSV–ISF, n = 25). Pigs were penned by treatment, with six pigs within a pen. Following a 7-d adaptation, weanling pigs were inoculated once intranasally with either a sham-control (phosphate buffered saline [PBS]) or live PRRSV (1 × 105 tissue culture infective dose [TCID]50/mL, strain NADC20). Pigs were maintained on experimental diets for 166 d after inoculation and then slaughtered (192 or 194 d of age; approximately 120 kg body weight [BW]). At 1-d postmortem, left sides were separated between the 10th and 11th rib for the determination of loin eye area (LEA), backfat (BF) thickness, and loin quality (ultimate pH, instrumental color, drip loss, visual color, marbling, and firmness). Loin chops were aged 14 d postmortem prior to Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determination. Belly width, length, thickness, and flop distance were determined. Data were analyzed as a one-way ANOVA with pig as the experimental unit. Carcass yield, LEA, BF, and estimated lean percentage did not differ (P &gt; 0.26) among treatments. Loins from CON pigs had increased ultimate pH (P = 0.01), reduced L* scores (P = 0.005) coupled with darker visual color scores (P = 0.004), were firmer (P &lt; 0.0001), and exhibited reduced drip loss (P = 0.01) compared with PRRSV–CON and PRRSV–ISF pigs. However, WBSF did not differ (P = 0.51) among treatments after 14 d of aging. Bellies from CON pigs were more firm compared with bellies from PRRSV–CON and ISF pigs (P &lt; 0.01). These data suggest PRRSV infection did not alter carcass characteristics but may have marginally reduced loin and belly quality. Supplementation with dietary soy isoflavones did nothing to mitigate the detrimental effects of PRRSV infection.
The Practice of First Aid for Burn Injuries Among the Population of East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia for 2012–2016
Authors: Seow Sul Na , Halim Ahmad Sukari , Wan Sulaiman Wan Azman , Mat Saad Arman Zaharil , Mat Johar Siti Fatimah Noor 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Burns are a devastating public health problem that result in 10 million disability-adjusted life-years lost in low- and middle-income countries. Adequate first aid for burn injuries reduces morbidity and mortality. The rate of proper first aid practices in other countries is 12% to 22%.1,2 A 5-year retrospective audit was performed on the database of the Burn Unit in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for 2012–2016; this involved 485 patients from the east coast of Malaysia. The mean age of the patients is 17.3 years old. The audit on first aid practices for burn injury showed poor practice. Out of 485 burned patients, 261 patients (53.8%) claimed that they practiced first aid. However, only 24 out of 485 patients (5%) practiced the correct first aid technique where they run their burn wound under cool water for more than 20 minutes. Two hundred and twenty-two patients had not received any first aid. Two patients did not respond to the question on the first aid usage after burn injury. The mean age of patients who practiced first aid was 15.6 years old. Out of the 261 patients who practiced first aid, 167 (64%) run their wound under tap water for different durations. Others practiced traditional remedies such as the application of “Minyak Gamat” (6.5%), soy sauce (5.5%), other ointments (3.6%), milk (1.8%), and eggs (0.7%), as well as honey, butter, and cooking oil (0.4% each). First aid practices for burn injuries in the population of east coast Malaysia are still inadequate. The knowledge and awareness of school children and the general Malaysian population must be enhanced.
Agglutination of plasma, hemocyanin, and separated hemocyanin from the hemolymph of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae)
Authors: Sivakumar Mullaivanam R , Denis Maghil , Sivakumar Shanthi , Arumugam Munusamy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHemocyanin, the predominant protein in the hemolymph of crustaceans, was isolated from the plasma of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) and investigated, with its separated proteins MrHc1, 2, 3, and 4 (60, 114, 50, and 325 kDa, respectively) for hemagglutination (HA) activity. Hemocyanin against erythrocytes from human A, B, and O blood groups, mouse, rat sheep, water buffalo, and rabbit showed HA titer values higher than plasma. Of the four proteins isolated from hemocyanin, MrHc1 alone appeared to agglutinate the tested erythrocytes. Evaluated specific hemagglutination activity was higher for hemocyanin when compared to plasma. Sugar binding ability with N-acetylated sugars observed for plasma was restricted to N-acetyl neuraminic acid for hemocyanin and MrHc1. Inhibition of hemagglutination (HAI) by bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) further defined the agglutination ability of hemocyanin and MrHc1. The hemocyanin protein MrHc1 on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF/MS) and search in MASCOT database showed homology to hypothetical protein of Branchiostoma floridae Hubbs, 1922 (Cephalochordata). The results clearly indicated that the structure of the hemocyanin had evolved binding sites for sugar or sugar-linkages independently lacking homology with other hemocyanin or lectin-like proteins. The immunogenicity of this hemocyanin probably has biomedical applications as carrier adjuvants, which needs further investigation.
Accumulation of Astrocytic Aquaporin 4 and Aquaporin 1 in Prion Protein Plaques
Authors: Sadashima Shoko , Honda Hiroyuki , Suzuki Satoshi O , Shijo Masahiro , Aishima Shinichi , Kai Keita , Kira Junichi , Iwaki Toru 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease with P102L mutation and familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with V180I mutation are 2 major hereditary prion diseases in Japan. GSS and some familial CJD [V180I] exhibit characteristic prion protein (PrP) plaques. Overexpression of the astrocytic water channel proteins aquaporin (AQP) 1 and AQP4 was recently reported in sporadic CJD. To clarify the pathological characteristics of AQP1 and AQP4 in prion disease patient brains with plaque-type deposition, we investigated 5 patients with GSS, 2 patients with CJD [V180I], and 2 age-matched control cases without neurological diseases using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence methods. We demonstrated that there is the intense expression of AQP1 and AQP4 around prion plaques, especially in distal astrocytic processes deep inside these plaques. Similar results have been reported in the senile plaques and ghost tangles of Alzheimer disease brains and a protective role of AQP4 in which AQP4 is redistributed toward the plaques and works as a barrier against the deleterious effects of these plaques has been suggested. Our results, which show a similar clustering of AQPs around PrP plaques, therefore support the possibility that AQPs also have a protective role in plaque formation in prion diseases.
What Every Neuropathologist Needs to Know: Peripheral Nerve Biopsy
Authors: Chkheidze Rati , Pytel Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder with many possible etiologies including metabolic diseases, inflammatory conditions, infections, malignancy, inherited diseases, drugs, and toxins. In most instances, diagnosis and treatment plan can be established based on clinical presentation, family history, laboratory results, genetic testing, and electrophysiological studies. But in some situations, a peripheral nerve biopsy remains a valuable tool. This is especially true in patients with rapidly progressive disease, with atypical presentation or for whom other approaches fail to yield a definitive diagnosis. The pathologic examination starts with basic decisions about specimen triage. A few basic questions help to provide an initial framework for the assessment of a nerve biopsy—is the specimen adequate; are there inflammatory changes; are there vascular changes; is there amyloid; are there changes to axonal density and the Schwann cell-myelin-axon unit. In the appropriate context and with such an approach peripheral nerve biopsies can still represent a clinically helpful test.
The Milky Way’s stellar streams and globular clusters do not align in a Vast Polar Structure
Authors: Riley Alexander H , Strigari Louis E 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
There is increasing evidence that a substantial fraction of Milky Way satellite galaxies align in a rotationally supported plane of satellites, a rare configuration in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation. It has been suggested that other Milky Way substructures (namely young halo globular clusters and stellar/gaseous streams) similarly tend to align with this plane, accordingly dubbed the Vast Polar Structure (VPOS). Using systemic proper motions inferred from Gaia data, we find that globular cluster orbital poles are not clustered in the VPOS direction, though the population with the highest VPOS membership fraction is the young halo clusters (∼30 per cent). We additionally provide a current census of stellar streams, including new streams discovered using the Dark Energy Survey and Gaia data sets, and find that stellar stream normals are also not clustered in the direction of the VPOS normal. We also find that, based on orbit modelling, there is a likely association between NGC 3201 and the Gjöll stellar stream and that, based on its orbital pole, NGC 4147 is likely not a Sagittarius globular cluster. That the Milky Way’s accreted globular clusters and streams do not align in the same planar configuration as its satellites suggests that the plane of satellites is either a particularly stable orbital configuration or a population of recently accreted satellites. Neither of these explanations is particularly likely in light of other recent studies, leaving the plane of satellites problem as one of the more consequential open problems in galaxy formation and cosmology.
Effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate on activation of dormant follicles in murine and human ovarian tissue
Authors: Pors Susanne Elisabeth , Harðardóttir Lilja , Olesen Hanna Ørnes , Riis Malene Lundgaard , Jensen Lea Bejstrup , Andersen Astrid Sten , Cadenas Jesús , Grønning Annika Patricia , Colmorn Lotte Berdiin , Dueholm Margit , Andersen Claus Yding , Kristensen Stine Gry 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In vitro activation of resting ovarian follicles, with the use of mechanical stress and/or pharmacological compounds, is an emerging and novel approach for infertility treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), as a potential in vitro activation agent in murine and human ovarian tissues and isolated follicles. Juvenile murine ovaries and donated human ovarian tissues, from 10 women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation, were incubated with or without 12 μM S1P for 3 h for quantitative PCR analysis, and 12 h for xenotransplantation or culture studies. Gene expression analyses were performed for genes downstream of the Hippo signaling pathway. Murine ovaries and isolated murine and human preantral follicles showed significantly increased mRNA expression levels of Ccn2/CCN2 following S1P treatment compared to controls. This increase was shown to be specific for the Hippo signaling pathway and for the S1P2 receptor, as co-treatment with Hippo-inhibitor, verteporfin and S1PR2 antagonist, JTE-013, reduced the S1P-induced Ccn2 gene expression in murine ovaries. Histological evaluation of human cortical tissues (5 × 5 × 1 mm; n = 30; three pieces per patient) xenografted for 6 weeks and juvenile murine ovaries cultured for 4 days (n = 9) or allografted for 2 weeks (n = 48) showed no differences in the distribution of resting or growing follicles in S1P-treated ovarian tissues compared to controls. Collectively, S1P increased Ccn2/CCN2 gene expression in isolated preantral follicles and ovarian tissue from mice and human, but it did not promote follicle activation or growth in vivo. Thus, S1P does not appear to be a potent in vitro activation agent under these experimental conditions.
Midthoracic Punctate Midline Myelotomy for Treatment of Chronic, Intractable, Nonmalignant, Abdominal Visceral Pain: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ball Tyler , Aljuboori Zaid , Nauta Haring 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Punctate midline myelotomy (PMM) is a surgical procedure that damages the ascending fibers of the postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) pathway to interrupt visceral pain transmission.
1-3
It can offer relief to patients with chronic visceral pain conditions that are refractory to other treatments. Here, we present a surgical video of midthoracic PMM in a patient with chronic, intractable, nonmalignant visceral abdominal pain that failed over a decade of medical treatment. We choose T7-8 as the level for laminectomy in patients with pelvic or lower abdominal pain, because the postsynaptic pain fibers transmitting visceral pain sensation from the lower abdominal organs will invariably be caudal to this level. The patient developed immediate and complete relief of her visceral pain after the procedure, which was sustained through the 11-wk follow-up period to date and was able to be weaned off narcotics. Postoperatively, she remained full strength and had no impairment of light touch or proprioception of her lower extremities. Detailed physical examination showed a reduced vibratory sensation on the glabrous skin of her great toes. Regarding patient-reported sensory changes (not detected on physical examination), she reported some numbness on the insides of her feet that had resolved by 11-wk follow-up. She also reported some numbness of the vulva, but not of the vagina. However, by 11-wk follow-up, she reported this had resolved and she had normal sexual function. The only persistent sensation at 11-wk follow-up was slight tingling in her toes that was not bothersome to her.
4
The patient presented in the following video consented to both the surgical procedure and the publication of her clinical history and operative video.
L’évaluation nutritionnelle de l’enfant présentant une déficience neurologique
Authors: Casey Linda M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
La nutrition est capitale pour optimiser l’activité fonctionnelle et la santé des enfants présentant une déficience neurologique. Les difficultés éprouvées pour quantifier les besoins individuels et évaluer l’état nutritionnel de ces enfants représentent des obstacles à l’établissement de prescriptions nutritionnelles. Le présent point de pratique répond à des questions fréquentes avec lesquelles les cliniciens qui soignent cette population sont aux prises et puise dans les données probantes afin de proposer des stratégies pour venir à bout de ces difficultés.