bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Targets Genetics: An open approach to systematically prioritize causal variants and genes at all published human GWAS trait-associated loci
Authors: Mountjoy Edward , Schmidt Ellen M. , Carmona Miguel , Peat Gareth , Miranda Alfredo , Fumis Luca , Hayhurst James , Buniello Annalisa , Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Karim Mohd Anisul , Wright Daniel , Hercules Andrew , Papa Eliseo , Fauman Eric , Barrett Jeffrey C. , Todd John A. , Ochoa David , Dunham Ian , Ghoussaini Maya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many variants robustly associated with complex traits but identifying the gene(s) mediating such associations is a major challenge. Here we present an open resource that provides systematic fine-mapping and protein-coding gene prioritization across 133,441 published human GWAS loci. We integrate diverse data sources, including genetics (from GWAS Catalog and UK Biobank) as well as transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenomic data across many tissues and cell types. We also provide systematic disease-disease and disease-molecular trait colocalization results across 92 cell types and tissues and identify 729 loci fine-mapped to a single coding causal variant and colocalized with a single gene. We trained a machine learning model using the fine mapped genetics and functional genomics data using 445 gold standard curated GWAS loci to distinguish causal genes from background genes at the same loci, outperforming a naive distance based model. Genes prioritized by our model are enriched for known approved drug targets (OR = 8.1, 95% CI: [5.7, 11.5]). These results will be regularly updated and are publicly available through a web portal, Open Targets Genetics (OTG,http://genetics.opentargets.org), enabling users to easily prioritize genes at disease-associated loci and assess their potential as drug targets.
Response of whole plant water use to limiting light and water conditions are independent of each other in seedlings of seasonally dry tropical forests
Authors: Sunny Ron , Guha Anirban , Jezeera Asmi , Mohan N Kavya , Babu Neha Mohan , Barua Deepak 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTHow co-occurring species vary in the utilization of a shared and limited supply of water, especially in the context of other limiting resources like light, is essential for understanding processes that facilitate species coexistence and community assembly. For seedlings in a seasonally dry tropical forest that experience large heterogeny in light and water conditions, how water use, leaf physiology, and subsequently plant growth, is affected by limited water and light availability is still not well understood. In a controlled common garden experiment with four co-existing and commonly occurring dry tropical forest species, we examined how whole plant water uptake, responds to limiting water and light conditions and whether these responses are reflected in leaf physiology, and translated to growth. Water use varied dramatically in seedlings of the four species with a five-fold difference in well-watered plants grown in full sunlight. Species varied in their response to shade, but did not differ in responses to the low water treatment, possibly resulting from the strong selective force imposed by the very low water availability and the long dry period characteristic of these seasonally dry forests. Interestingly, species responses in water use, physiology, and growth in limiting water conditions were independent of light. Thus, species response to both these limiting conditions may evolve independently of each other. Responses in water use were largely congruent with responses in leaf physiology and growth. However, while magnitude of changes in leaf physiology were largely driven by light conditions, changes in whole plant water use and growth were influenced to a greater degree by the water treatment. This highlights the need to measure whole plant water use to better understand plant growth responses in these seasonally dry tropical forests.
Influence of Activating and Inhibitory Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIR) genes on the recurrence rate of ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil
Authors: Perce-da-Silva Daiana de Souza , Joaquim Thays Euzebio , Aleixo Ana Luisa Quintella do Couto , Motta Juliana , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo , Oliveira Ferreira Joseli de , Porto Luís Cristóvão de Moraes Sobrino , Banic Dalma Maria , Amendoeira Maria Regina Reis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence is a hallmark of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), and conditions that influence its occurrence remain a challenge. Natural killer cells (NK) are effectors cells whose primary function is the cytotoxic activity against many parasites, includingToxoplasma gondii. Among the NK cell receptors, immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) deserve attention due to their high polymorphism. This study aimed to analyze the influence of KIR gene polymorphism in the course of OT infection and its association with recurrences after an active episode.MethodsNinety-six patients from the Ophthalmologic Clinic of the National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI/Fiocruz/RJ, Brazil) were followed for up to five years. After DNA extraction, genotyping of the patients was performed by PCR-SSO utilizing Luminex equipment for reading. During follow-up, 57.4% had a recurrence.ResultsWe identified 25 KIR genotypes and found a higher frequency of genotypes 1 (31.7%) with worldwide distribution. We note that theKIR2DL2inhibitor gene and the gene activatorKIR2DS2were more frequent in patients without recurrence (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, we observed one activating gene, KIR2DS1, associated with more than four times faster progression to the development of recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis than individuals without this gene (aRR = 4.6, P = 0.04).ConclusionThe KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 are associated as possible protection markers and the KIR2DS1 acting as a possible susceptibility marker. Additionally, the lower proportion of activating genes observed in individuals with recurrence corroborating with the hypothesis that these individuals are more susceptible to ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence (OTR).
Studies on Forecasting of Incidence of Leaf Mold in Tomato and Fungicide-spray Scheduling
Authors: Lee Mun Haeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTomato leaves were inoculated with 1×104conidia·mL−1and placed in a dew chamber for 0 to 18hrs at 10 to 25°C. Eighteen days after inoculation, leaf mold incidence appeared in 9hr treatment of leaf wet duration and the proper temperature was 15 to 20°C. In 10 and 25°C treatments, the incidence rate was 0% and 4.2%, respectively. The most important factors regard to leaf mold incidence were leaf wet duration and temperature. Considering the proper tomato growth temperature is 15-25°C, control by leaf wet duration is easier than control by temperature to prevent leaf mold incidence. After leaf mold inoculation, incidence appeared at 20 days and the latency period was estimated as 14-15 days. The leaf mold incidence rate was the highest at 15°C and 20°C. When ‘trihumin’ (triflumizole 30%) was applied at 12 hr of leaf wet duration, the control effect was the highest at 90% up to 168 hr but after 240 hr, it dropped to 60%. When ‘Demani B’ (polyoxin B 50%) was applied at 12 hour of leaf wet duration, the control effect was the highest at 91% up to 144hr but after 240hr, it dropped to 58%, similar to trihumin application treatment. When ‘belqute’ (Iminoctadine tris 40%) was applied at 12 hours of leaf wet duration, the control effect was the highest at 93% up to 144 hr but after 240 hr, it dropped to 65%.
Monthly physical activity and storage time affect enzyme acetylcholinesterase activity in Plasma and Whole blood samples of healthy elderly subjects
Authors: Jovičić Snežana M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveEnzyme Acetylcholinesterase is a potential marker for ageing, disease onset, progression and therapy. Physical activity and storage time affect the variable range, quality data prevalence and variability. The study aims to examine the effect of one and two months of storage time on protein concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity and inhibitor efficacy in subjects subjected to 3 months of physical activity.MethodThe value of AChE activity was measured spectrophotometrically by Elman et al. (1961). The obtained results were processed by the statistical program SPSS v 23.0.ResultsGroup of 32 healthy subjects showed a significant difference (P<0.01) for protein concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity in Plasma, inhibitor Eserine efficacy in Plasma and Whole blood before and after physical activity. Based on Age, a significant difference is present for Height (P<0.01), Muscle mass (P<0.01) and protein concentration (P<0.05) in Whole blood after physical activity and storage time. A statistically significant difference between Gender exists for Age (P<0.01), Height (P<0.01), Weight (P<0.05), Muscle mass (P<0.05), protein concentration (P<0.05) in whole blood and acetylcholinesterase activity (P<0.05) in Plasma after physical activity.ConclusionsPreliminary and descriptive data indicate no difference in acetylcholinesterase activity between Age groups. Physical activity and storage time influence the change of protein concentration, enzyme activity and inhibitor Eserine efficacy in healthy elderly subjects. Future studies should compare disease and healthy participants.
Bio-hybrid soft robots with self-stimulating skeletons
Authors: Guix Maria , Mestre Rafael , Patiño Tania , De Corato Marco , Zarpellon Giulia , Sánchez Samuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBioinspired hybrid soft robots combining living actuation and synthetic components are an emerging field in the development of advanced actuators and other robotic platforms (i.e. swimmers, crawlers, walkers). The integration of biological components offers unique properties (e.g. adaptability, response to external stimuli) that artificial materials cannot replicate with accuracy, being skeletal and cardiac muscle cells the preferred candidates for providing contractile actuation. Here, we present a skeletal-muscle-based swimming biobot with a 3D-printed serpentine spring skeleton that provides mechanical integrity and self-stimulation during the cell maturation process. The restoring force inherent to the spring system allows a dynamic skeleton compliance upon spontaneous muscle contraction, leading to a novel cyclic mechanical stimulation process that improves the muscle force output without external stimuli. Optimization of the 3D-printed skeletons is carried out by studying the geometrical stiffnesses of different designsviafinite element analysis. Upon electrical actuation of the muscle tissue, two types of motion mechanisms are experimentally observed: i) directional swimming when the biobot is at the liquid-air interface and ii) coasting motion when it is near the bottom surface. The integrated compliant skeleton provides both the mechanical self-stimulation and the required asymmetry for directional motion, displaying its maximum velocity at 5 Hz (800 micrometer second−1, 3 body length second−1). This skeletal muscle-based bio-hybrid swimmer attains speeds comparable to cardiac-based bio-hybrid robots and outperforms other muscle-based swimmers. The integration of serpentine-like structures in hybrid robotic systems allows self-stimulation processes that could lead to higher force outputs in current and future biomimetic robotic platforms.
Supply chain communication and cultural compatibility: performance implications in the global manufacturing industry
Authors: Nguyen Hung , Onofrei George , Truong Dothang 
Published: September 2020

PurposeResearch has extensively focused on the cultural differences in supply chain collaboration while neglecting the importance of cultural similarities and compatible goals among supply chain members. With the rise of global supply chain network, the choice of supply chain orientation is critical. This study argues that performance differences between these configurations highlight managerial implications for sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from uncertainty reduction and cognitive social capital theories, this study developed a taxonomy of manufacturing firms based on process alignment between cultural compatibility and supply chain communication. The empirical data used in this study were drawn from the Global Manufacturing Research Group (GMRG) survey project, with data collected from 680 manufacturing companies, across various industry sectors and countries.FindingsThere appeared to be consistent three major configurations: the Proactive, the Initiative and the Reactive. Manufacturers distanced themselves based mainly on communication with customers on events and proprietary information. Communication-cultural compatibility taxonomies influence differently on operations and financial performance. The Initiative, who excelled in communication practices gained significant improvement in efficiency and delivery measures. While Reactive lagged, Proactive aligned in both capabilities to experience higher payoffs in operational and financial measures. The findings offer a step-by-step approach where manufacturers intensify communication with partners for better efficiency and delivery measures, then align cultural practices to obtain financial, quality and innovation performance.Research limitations/implicationsIt will be fruitful for future research to examine the evolution of longitudinally. A comparison between developed and developing economies will be of interest.Practical implicationsThe findings provide a step-by-step decision-making process for supply chain communication and offer guidance especially for global supply chain managers.Originality/valueThis study adds greater comprehensiveness and richness to the information exchange literature on performance by process aligning to enhance cultural compatibility.
Performance management in social impact bonds: how an outcomes-based approach shapes hybrid partnerships
Authors: Dixon Ruth 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper investigates how outcomes-based performance management (PM) regimes operate in the partnerships known as social impact bonds (SIBs), which bring together partners from the public, private and third sectors. The findings are analysed in the light of the different cultural world views of the partners.Design/methodology/approachPublished evaluations of 25 UK SIBs were analysed by a qualitative multiple case study approach. This study of secondary sources permitted the analysis of a wide range of SIB partnerships from near contemporary accounts.FindingsOutcomes frameworks led to rigorous PM regimes that brought the cultural differences between partners into focus. While partnerships benefitted from the variety of viewpoints and expertise, the differences in outlook simultaneously led to strains and tensions. In order to mitigate such tensions, some stakeholders conformed to the outlooks of others.Practical implicationsThe need to achieve a predefined set of payable outcomes embeds a “linear” view of intervention and effect on the SIB partners and a performance regime in which some partners dominate. In designing accountability systems for partnerships such as SIBs, commissioners should consider how the performance regime will affect the interests of all stakeholders.Originality/valueThis study adds to the cultural theory literature which has rarely considered three-way partnerships embodying hierarchical, individualist and egalitarian world views and how performance regimes operate in such partnerships. Three-way partnerships are thought to be rare and short-lived, but this empirical study shows that they can be successful albeit over a predefined lifespan.
The embedded feelings in local gastronomy: a sentiment analysis of online reviews
Authors: Yu Chung-En , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to quantify the underlying feelings of online reviews and discover the role of seasonality in customer dining experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applied sentiment analysis to determine the polarity of a given comment. Furthermore, content analysis was conducted based on the core attributes of the customer dining experiences.

Findings
Positive feelings towards the food and the service do not show a linear relationship, while the overall dining experiences increase in line with the positive feelings on food quality. Moreover, feelings towards the atmosphere of the restaurants are the most positive in peak season.

Practical implications
This study provides guidelines for restaurateurs regarding the aspects that need more attention in different seasons.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the knowledge of customer feelings in local restaurants/gastronomy and the role seasonality plays in fostering such feelings. In addition, the novel methodological procedures provide insights for tourism research in discovering new dimensions in theories based on big data.
The role of the INTOSAI Development Initiative (IDI) in strengthening the capacity and performance of supreme audit institutions in developing countries
Authors: Gørrissen Einar 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to contribute to dialogue between practitioners and academics. The article discusses the importance of supreme audit institutions (SAIs), challenges and opportunities facing SAIs (also in light of COVID-19) and how the INTOSAI Development Initiative (IDI) supports SAIs in developing countries in enhancing their performance and capacity.Design/methodology/approachThis is a practitioner’s viewpoint which reflects IDI’s publicly available documents and the opinions of a practitioner involved in the work of the IDI and that of INTOSAI.FindingsThe work of SAIs is ensuring effective public sector auditing matters, and it is increasingly recognized that strong and well-functioning SAIs can be key pillars in developing effective states, democratic development and trust in governments. At the same time, SAIs face challenges and opportunities in ensuring that they are effective and independent institutions that produce reports that have impact and add value to the life of citizens. The IDI supports SAIs in overcoming these challenges and seizing opportunities through support for all SAIs in developing countries. The IDI model is based on facilitated support that is need based and provided through peer-to-peer cooperation.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this article (which are also its strength in terms of fitness for purpose) are that as a practitioner’s viewpoint, it provides a brief overview and personal judgements rather than an empirical analysis of developments applying a theoretical framework.Social implicationsA practitioner’s engagement with academic supports increased understanding of the respective views leading to better outcomes for practitioners and academics working in the area of public sector auditing.Originality/valueThe article provides a practitioner's input on the important work of SAIs.
Does corporate social responsibility improve brands’ responsible and active personality dimensions? An experimental investigation
Authors: Tarabashkina Liudmila , Tarabashkina Olga , Quester Pascale , Soutar Geoffrey N. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeWhile past studies have shown that corporate social responsibility (CSR) influences brand equity, loyalty and brand attitudes, research about CSR effects on the responsible and active dimensions of brand personality remains limited. This study aims to address this gap and examine how brands with different personality strength benefit from CSR communication, providing novel insights about CSR’s branding payoffs to firms.Design/methodology/approachThree experiments were conducted. Study 1 tested if CSR communication influenced responsible and active brand personality dimensions compared to non-CSR communication. Study 2 examined how varying CSR spending allocations affect personality perceptions of weak and strong brands. Studies 1 and 2 measured responsible and active brand personalities before and after exposure to experimental manipulations, assessing immediate changes in brand personality. Study 3 replicated the results of Study 2 using fictitious brands whose initial brand personalities were manipulated as either weak or strong.FindingsCSR communication has the potential to influence brands’ responsible and active personalities compared to non-CSR communication. However, changes in brand personalities were contingent on CSR manipulations (smaller vs larger CSR spending) and initial brand strength. Brands that lacked strongly responsible and strong active personalities experienced an improvement in these perceptions after exposure to any CSR spending message. However, brands with strong responsible or strong active personalities experienced brand erosion after exposure to smaller CSR spending message or no improvement when the CSR message was aligned with the responsible and active conduct (e.g. mentioned larger CSR spending).Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine how CSR affects brand personality. By combining signalling and attitude change/congruity principle theories, it provides novel theoretical contributions to explain when CSR can improve, erode or exert no effect on the responsible and active brand personalities, providing insights for effective brand management.
Medical students’ attitudes towards mental health disclosure: a qualitative study
Authors: Christy Ryan 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
In 2013, the General Medical Council conducted research into best practice for supporting medical students with mental health concerns, producing a document outlining University’s duty of care. It also outlined reasons as to why medical students are susceptible to mental illness. The purpose of this paper is to explore what factors affected medical students' disclosure of mental health problems and their help-seeking behaviour today and if these differed from the GMC’s findings from 2013.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was issued to all University of Glasgow medical student year groups. In total, 72 people responded. All responses were then analysed by the primary researcher using Mayring’s six-step approach of systematic, rule guided qualitative text analysis.

Findings
Four main barriers to disclosure were revealed: fear of repercussions, medical student “expectations”, judgement and lack of support. Respondents feared being deemed unfit to practise, displaying “weakness” or being treated differently. They believed support provided was inadequate or inaccessible. Less than half felt the Medical School made mental health support easily available and only 11% were even aware of the GMC document. Respondents believed medical students were psychologically vulnerable due to Medical School environment, work load, “expectations” and course content. They perceived the Medical School was “a pressure cooker” for mental health problems and yet student well-being was not prioritised.

Originality/value
The research highlighted some key areas that universities should address, such as promoting support services available, recognising the unique stresses of the medical curriculum and the need for provision of resources that can be accessed without fear, stigmatisation or uncertainty.