bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic postural responses are scaled from the association between online feedback and feedforward control
Authors: Teixeira Luis Augusto , Maia Azzi Nametala , de Oliveira Júlia Ávila , Ribeiro de Souza Caroline , da Silva Rezende Lucas , Boari Coelho Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeneration of automatic postural responses (APRs) scaled to magnitude of unanticipated postural perturbations is required to recover upright body stability. In the current experiment, we aimed to evaluate the effect of previous postural perturbations on APR scaling under conditions in which the current perturbation is equal to or different from the previous perturbation load inducing unanticipated forward body sway. We hypothesized that the APR is scaled from the association of the current perturbation magnitude and postural responses to preceding perturbations. Evaluation was made by comparing postural responses in the contexts of progressive increasing versus decreasing magnitudes of perturbation loads. Perturbation was applied by unanticipatedly releasing a cable pulling the body backwards, with loads corresponding to 6%, 8% and 10% of body mass. We found that the increasing as compared to the decreasing load sequence led to lower values of (a) displacement and (b) velocity of center of pressure, and of activation rate of the muscle gastrocnemius medialis across loads. Muscular activation onset latency decreased as a function increasing loads, but no significant effects of load sequence were found. These results lead to the conclusion that APRs to unanticipated perturbations are scaled from the association of somatosensory feedback signaling balance instability with feedforward control from postural responses to previous perturbations.
Effect of non‐vitamin‐K oral anticoagulants on stroke severity compared to warfarin: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Costello M. , Murphy R. , Judge C. , Ruttledge S. , Gorey S. , Loughlin E. , Hughes D. , Nolan A. , O’Donnell M. J. , Canavan M. 
Published: November 2019

Background and purposeIn addition to lowering stroke risk, warfarin use is also associated with reduced stroke severity in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke. It was sought to determine whether the effect of non‐vitamin‐K oral anticoagulants (NOACs), compared to warfarin, differed by stroke severity.MethodsPhase III randomized controlled trials with participants who were randomized to receive NOACs or warfarin for stroke prevention in the setting of non‐valvular atrial fibrillation were identified. Stroke was classified into two categories, fatal or disabling stroke and non‐disabling stroke, and meta‐analyses were completed for both outcomes and for comparative case fatality of stroke amongst trials.ResultsFive randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. In clinical trials evaluating the NOACs usually prescribed in clinical practice (four trials), acute stroke was reported in 1403 (1.86%) participants, 787 (1.04%) in the NOAC group [386 (0.51%) fatal or disabling, 401 (0.53%) non‐disabling] and 616 (0.82%) in the warfarin group [367 (0.49%) fatal or disabling, 249 (0.33%) non‐disabling]. On meta‐analysis NOACs were significantly superior to warfarin for fatal or disabling stroke (odds ratio [OR] 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.89, I2 = 21%) and non‐disabling stroke (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.73–0.98, I2 = 2%). The case fatality of stroke was no different between groups (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.75–1.13, I2 = 0%), but the point estimate favoured NOACs.ConclusionIn phase III trials of NOACs, for prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation, NOACs are associated with a lower risk of both fatal/disabling and non‐disabling stroke compared to warfarin.
Great tits responding to territorial intrusions sing less but alarm more on colder days
Authors: Strauß Aurelia F. T. , Hutfluss Alexander , Dingemanse Niels J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBird song transmits information required to defend territories and attract mates. These functions contribute to fitness by affecting survival and reproductive success. Singing is also costly due to physiological costs. We used observational data to evaluate support for the hypothesis that lower temperatures result in decreased singing behaviour in wild great tits due to increased energy consumption during cold conditions required for thermoregulation. More than 6,500 simulated territorial intrusions were performed over an 8‐year period in twelve nest box populations of great tits Parus major south of Munich, Germany. We measured song rate as well as the number of alarm calls and the aggressive response of territorial males to a simulated territorial intrusion. We found a decrease in song rate with decreasing current temperature, but also a concurrent increase in the number of alarm calls. Night temperature did not affect these acoustic traits. We conclude that warmer conditions allow birds to choose more energetically expensive (yet functionally superior) activities during territorial intrusions, thereby facilitating avoidance of physical aggressiveness during territorial intrusions.
Fatigue behaviour of fastener holes in high‐strength aluminium plates repaired by cold spray deposition
Authors: White Benjamin , Story William , Brewer Luke , Jordon James Brian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work examines the fatigue behaviour of additive cold spray (CS) repairs of AA7075 and AA2024 fastener holes. Structural ring repairs around fastener holes were made by machining blend‐outs ranging from 1/8 to 1/2 the thickness of the plate, then refilling the section of removed material with CS deposition. The repairs were then tested in a lap shear geometry with the repair on both the free (outside) and the mating (inside) surfaces, as well as in remote uniaxial tension. CS repairs for the inside lap shear AA7075 repair configuration and the outside lap shear AA2024 repair configuration were found to have significantly increased fatigue lives even exceeding the number of cycles to failure of the undamaged, unrepaired control plates. Further, none of the CS repairs caused any detrimental impact on fatigue life, and microhardness results indicate that no thermal damage to the substrate occurred. Some interface cracking was seen in the CS repairs; however, no separation of the repair from the substrate was observed.
Effect of vitamin D on cognitive function and white matter hyperintensity in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shih En‐Jie , Lee Wei‐Ju , Hsu Jung‐Lung , Wang Shuu‐Jiun , Fuh Jong‐Ling 
Published: November 2019

AimTo examine the effect of vitamin D level on cognitive function and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe recruited patients with mild AD, and carried out clinical interviews, neuropsychological assessments, laboratory tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsIn total, 146 patients with mild AD (68 men, 78 women; mean age 79.1 ± 7.0 years; mean education 10.2 ± 4.3 years) were enlisted. The mean Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 21.0 ± 3.8. The 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) level was correlated negatively with the WMH volume (β = −0.219, P = 0.004) after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, apolipoprotein ε4 allele status, seasons of blood sampling, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and total brain volume. The 25(OH)D level was correlated positively with the MMSE score (β = 0.309, P < 0.001) after adjusting for the same covariates. Multivariate regression analysis with the MMSE score serving as the dependent variable and adjustment for covariates showed that the 25(OH)D level was an independent predictor of the MMSE score (β = 0.322, P < 0.001), but the WMH volume was not (β = 0.056, P = 0.587). These findings suggest that WMH has no mediation effect between the 25(OH)D level and the MMSE score.ConclusionsReduced plasma 25(OH)D levels were associated with low MMSE scores in patients with mild AD, but the underlying mechanism is not attributable to WMH. Thus, it suggested that the presence of another pathomechanism exists. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 52–58.
Correlation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3‐C bodies containing Nano‐Al2O3 and Nano‐TiO2 additives
Authors: Baghaei Ali , Nourbakhsh Amir A. , Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi Reza , Salvini Vânia R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAl2O3‐C foam filters have been successfully used for steel and aluminum melts filtration. Improving the high‐temperature mechanical properties enhances the capability and application of these filters for the filtration of large steel casting parts along with ingot casting or continuous casting of steel for long periods of time. In this study, adding nano‐Al2O3 and/or nano‐TiO2 to the composition of Al2O3‐C filters was investigated. Uniaxially pressed Al2O3‐C samples containing additives in the range from 0 to 1.0 wt% of nano‐oxides were prepared. The physical and mechanical properties, as well as microstructural analysis, were measured after sintering at 1600°C for 5 hours under a petroleum coke bed. The results showed that the presence of nano‐Al2O3 particles in the composition led to an increase in the cold crushing strength (CCS) due to the formation of the Al3CON phase which acts as a chemical bonding between Al2O3 particles and the carbonaceous matrix. On the other hand, the addition of 1.0 wt% of nano‐TiO2 in the composition caused an increase of 50% in the hot modulus of rupture (HMOR), attributed to the formation of columnar Al2O3 grains in the microstructure.
Young adults’ borrowing to purchases of desired consumer products related to present‐biased temporal discounting, attitude towards borrowing and financial involvement and knowledge
Authors: Gärling Tommy , Michaelsen Patrik , Gamble Amelie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim is to investigate how present‐biased temporal discounting caused by feelings of financial deficit, attitude towards borrowing and financial involvement and knowledge determine young adults’ likelihood of borrowing to purchases of desired consumer products. A sample of 273 young adults aged 18–30 years answered an online questionnaire including experimental treatments to induce present‐biased temporal discounting, followed by questions about attitude towards borrowing, financial involvement/knowledge and financial resources. In different treatment conditions, participants rated the likelihood of borrowing to purchases of desired consumer products at prices judged to be unaffordable or to replace purchases of equally expensive products in the future but not immediately. In a control condition, participants rated the likelihood of borrowing to an equally expensive, already purchased product to be paid immediately. A higher likelihood of borrowing to purchases of the desired and already purchased unpaid products was observed, but the difference to the needed products was not statistically significant. Likelihood of borrowing was strongly suppressed by a negative attitude, in all between‐group conditions equally influenced by self‐assessed financial resources but unaffected by financial involvement/knowledge. Both financial involvement/knowledge and a negative attitude decreased choices of months of instalment payments with the consequence that the monthly repayment cost increased.
Back to the future: A continuity of dialogue on work and technology at the ILO
Authors: CHERRY Miriam A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConcerns about technological unemployment are not new. Specifically, policy debates surrounding automation processes in the 1960s reflected both optimism and concerns about the job‐destroying potential of technology. Studying the archives, and in particular the information collected by the Bureau of Automation, shows that many of today's policy proposals were originally raised at the ILO during that period, even though they were never translated into regulatory policy. This article thus suggests that reopening this past dialogue may reveal useful insights for addressing current challenges, and enable us to achieve the world of work we wish to see in the future.
Faculty incivility: lived experiences of nursing graduates in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: El Hachi M. 
Published: November 2019

AimThis study explored the lived experiences of baccalaureate nursing graduates with faculty incivility in nursing education in the United Arab Emirates.BackgroundDespite the consistent results regarding the prevalence of incivility in nursing education worldwide, less focus has been placed on faculty incivility and little is known about this phenomenon in the Arab world.IntroductionIncivility in nursing education is correlated with a negative learning–teaching environment contributing to faculty and students’ attrition. Incivility can be transferred to clinical settings interfering with safe clinical practice.MethodsApplying the descriptive phenomenological approach and guided by Clark’s conceptual model for fostering civility in nursing education, the experiences of nine nursing graduates with faculty incivility were examined through semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews. Data were analysed following Colaizzi’s seven‐step process.FindingsData analysis yielded six major themes: an emotionally traumatic experience, unengaged faculty, decreased motivation to learn, displaying favouritism, displaying culturally and sexually inappropriate behaviour, and coping behaviours.DiscussionFaculty incivility results in tribulations and sabotages open and constructive communication between students and faculty. Faculty poor teaching skills, lack of preparation and teaching competence were also considered as acts of incivility towards students.ConclusionThe findings illuminated the faculty incivility phenomenon in nursing education from the informants’ perspective which may assist in generating strategies to promote a positive learning environment as endorsed by the local nursing and midwifery council.Implications for nursing education and policyIn addition to adopting a civility policy, incorporating civility in the curriculum and crafting a procedure to report faculty incivility anonymously, clear educational qualifications that align with the World Health Organization requirements for nurse educators must be enacted by the local regulatory bodies.
Retirement planning: the perceptions of pre‐retirement nurses within different hospitals in China
Authors: Li H. , Xing Z. , Li Y. , Wan Z. , Sun D. , Zhao M. , Sun J. 
Published: November 2019

AimThis study explored the perceptions of senior Chinese nurses working in different hospital types, about retirement planning; and compared the results from two hospitals.BackgroundA recent review indicates that nurses with inadequate retirement planning could be faced with a retirement crisis. In China, hospitals are classified into different levels, and salaries, job satisfaction and the turnover of nurses varies among these levels. These factors may also influence nurses' perceptions of retirement planning.MethodsIn a descriptive, qualitative design, 27 semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with nurses who were between 50 and 60 years old and recruited from two hospitals in China from April to September 2018. The interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically.FindingsFour main themes emerged from the interviews, namely, the understanding of pre‐retirement nurses of retirement planning, the attitudes of pre‐retirement nurses towards retirement planning, factors influencing nurses' retirement planning and the retirement planning activity of nurses. Most nurses participating in this study did not know much about retirement planning, but they all agreed on its importance. We identified the influencing factors of retirement planning and several differences regarding the perceptions of nurses about retirement planning in different hospitals.ConclusionIn this cohort of nurses, planning for a good retirement was thought to be important; however, their readiness for retirement and the influences around planning for retirement were varied in type and scope.Implications for PolicyGovernments and employing hospitals should develop reasonable measures and policies to support nurses in their understanding of the benefits of retirement planning and help them to prepare for retirement. Information about retirement planning should be made available and options for planning explained. Any systematic hurdles to retirement planning should be mitigated or eliminated.
Hot‐pressing platelet alumina to transparency
Authors: Schlup Andrew P. , Costakis William J. , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , Trice Rodney W. , Youngblood Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlumina powder with a platelet morphology was hot‐pressed to transparency with preload pressures of 0‐8 MPa, maximum temperatures of 1750‐1825°C, maximum pressures of 2.5‐80 MPa, and isothermal hold times of 1‐7 hours. Optical transmission (in‐line and total), as well as optical losses (backward/forward scattering and absorption), of the hot‐pressed samples were measured and related to the microstructure. Higher hot‐pressing temperatures increase the in‐line transmission. A gray discoloration of the samples (indicative of high absorption) was minimized by heat treating the powder in air prior to hot pressing and reducing the preload pressure. Maximum pressures above/below 10 MPa increased porosity, which decreased in‐line transmission and increased backward/forward scattering. Lower densities at higher pressures are attributed to a pore‐swelling phenomenon. Increasing isothermal hold time decreased porosity, which increased in‐line transmission and reduced backward/forward scattering. Best optical properties with an in‐line transmission of 65.3% at 645 nm (0.8 mm thick) were achieved by hot‐pressing heat‐treated platelet alumina powder with a preload pressure of 0 MPa, maximum temperature of 1800°C, maximum pressure of 10 MPa, and an isothermal hold time of 7 hours. This high in‐line transmission, despite its large grain size (65 µm), is attributed to crystallographic orientation of the platelets during hot pressing.
Safe sexual behaviors intention among female youth: The construction on extended theory of planned behavior
Authors: Tseng Ying‐Hua , Cheng Chung‐Ping , Kuo Shih‐Hsien , Hou Wen‐Li , Chan Te‐Fu , Chou Fan‐Hao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo examine female youth's intentions for safe sex with the relationship partners based on the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model and explore the direct and indirect impact of parent–child communication about sex, peer interaction related to sexual issues, and exposure to sexually explicit materials on female youth's safe sexual behaviour intentions.DesignA non‐experimental, cross‐sectional research design.MethodsA convenience sampling was employed for data collection and 731 female youth aged 15–24 years old were recruited in 2013–2014. An anonymous, self‐report structured questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect participants' basic information and measure the internal and additional variables in the extended TPB model.ResultsThe extended TPB model explained 42–45% of the total variance. Perceived behavioural control (PBC) and subjective norms had a positive effect on female youth's intentions for contraceptive use, condom use, and dual use with relationship partner; PBC was found to have the greatest influence. Among the additional variables in the extended TPB model, more parent–child communication about sex was found to lead to more positive dual use intentions. More peer interaction related to sexual issues was found to lead to less dual use intentions.ConclusionsTo improve female youth's sexual health, the priorities are to reinforce their PBC and subjective norms and enhance parent–child communication about sex. Future efforts should strengthen sex education in families and schools and shape a social environment that facilitates safe sex.ImpactThe extended TPB model can successfully predict female youth's safe sexual behaviour intentions. Empowering female youth to establish a sense of subjectivity and awareness of being a mature individual with physical autonomy, is importance for their sexual health.
An illustrative case for addressing infant mental health referrals
Authors: Gordon Jessica M. , Gaffney Kathy , Smith Sharlene , Lauerer Joy A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProblemDespite knowing the importance of the early detection of adverse experiences, mental health disorders beginning or occurring during early childhood can be difficult to recognize. To address this gap, this manuscript describes the care of a parent–child dyad utilizing the nursing process in an illustrative case.MethodsThis illustrative case provides a scenario that includes the early detection of infant mental health (IMH) in primary care with referral to a psychiatric mental health advanced practice nurse (PMHNP) and highlights how integrative care with PMHNP can facilitate the use of the nursing process to promote optimal early childhood growth and development and prevent long‐term mental health problems.FindingsThe collaboration between the primary care provider and PMHNP in addressing a common diagnosis observed in IMH (i.e., feeding disorder) where a 6‐month‐old infant presented with poor weight gain due to detached parenting, secondary to maternal depression, resulted in early infant–parent intervention that reduced maternal depression and normalized infant growth.ConclusionsThe screening of IMH in pediatric primary care promotes early referral and collaboration with the PMHNP to address IMH problems to promote optimal growth and social‐emotional development in early childhood.
Diversity of and initiatives for hypertension management in Asia—Why we need the HOPE Asia Network
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Chia Yook‐Chin , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Turana Yuda , Shin Jinho , Chen Chen‐Huan , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Nailes Jennifer , Hoshide Satoshi , Siddique Saulat , Sison Jorge , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Tay Jam Chin , Teo Boon Wee , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Park Sungha , Minh Huynh Van , Tomitani Naoko , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Verma Narsingh , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Wang Ji‐Guang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia (HOPE Asia) Network was set up to improve the management of hypertension in Asia with the ultimate goal of achieving “zero” cardiovascular events. Asia is a diverse continent, and the prevalence of hypertension has increased over the last 30 years. There are a number of Asia‐specific features of hypertension and hypertension‐related cardiovascular complications, which means that a region‐specific approach is needed. White‐coat hypertension will become more of an issue over time as Asian populations age, and masked hypertension is more prevalent in Asian than in Western countries. Identifying and treating masked hypertension is important to reduce cardiovascular risk. Abnormal patterns of blood pressure (BP) variability common in Asia include exaggerated early morning BP surge and nocturnal hypertension. These are also important cardiovascular risk factors that need to be managed. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is an important tool for detecting white‐coat and masked hypertension, and monitoring BP variability, and practices in Asia are variable. Use of HBPM is important given the Asia‐specific features of hypertension, and strategies are needed to improve and standardize HBPM usage. Development of HBPM devices capable of measuring nocturnal BP along with other information and communication technology‐based strategies are key developments in the widespread implementation of anticipation medicine strategies to detect and prevent cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension. Region‐wide differences in hypertension prevalence, control, and management practices in Asia highlight the importance of information sharing to facilitate best practices.