bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Caring Morale: A Qualitative Study of Ghanaian Pediatric Oncology Nurses’ Care Practice Challenges.
Authors: Nukpezah Ruth Nimota , Fomani Fatemeh Khoshnavay , Hasanpour Marzieh , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Pediatric cancer is a global problem, and some studies have highlighted that nurses in a low-income country experience work related challenges. Other studies have confirmed that nurses' caring work is often affected by several intrinsic and extrinsive factors which directly or indirectly influence the level of nurses' caring morale. But no study has explored this phenomenon among the pediatric oncology nurses in Ghana. The purpose of this study is to explore and understand the challenges that the pediatric oncology nurses experience when caring for children with cancer in Ghana. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted from August 2019 - April 2020, among 14 Ghanaian pediatric oncology nurses who were purposively sampled. The data collection instrument was a face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured individual interview. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed inductively using Elo and Kyngas content analysis approach. The criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln were used to ensure the validity of the research.Results: The analysis of the interviews, suggests that the challenges that the pediatric oncology nurses experience are: Time-consuming care, Low Job motivations, Inadequate logistics, Work stress, Reduced labor force, Low knowledge level, Absence of team work and the Perception of contracting cancer. Conclusions: The results point to a number of organizational and personal constraints that leads to low morale of nurses who work at the pediatric oncology ward. There is the need for the administrative managers of hospitals, government and other stake holders to invest in human, material and financial resources for delivering child hood cancer care services. It is hoped that by addressing this challenges, there would be improvement in the care that is provided to children with cancer and also positively improve the care giving morale of the nurses.
Identification of novel loci and candidate genes for resistance to cucumber powdery mildew using GWAS
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Lu Hongwei , Liu Panna , Miao Han , Bai Yuling , Gu Xingfang , Zhang Shengping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most serious diseases in cucumber and causes huge yield loss. Multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PM resistance have been detected in previous studies, however, none of these studies used the approach of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). In this study, a cucumber core germplasm (CG) consisting of 109 resequenced lines was evaluated for PM resistance in three seasons.
Results

twelve loci (pmG1.1, pmG2.1, pmG2.2, pmG3.1, pmG4.1, pmG4.2, pmG5.1, pmG5.2, pmG5.3, pmG5.4, pmG6.1 and pmG6.2) associated with PM resistance were detected on all chromosomes except for Chr.7 using GWAS. Among these loci, pmG2.1, pmG4.1 and pmG6.1 were the novel ones that have not been reported in previous studies. The loci of pmG2.1, pmG5.2, pmG5.3 showed stronger signal in three seasons, for which three candidate genes Csa2G022790, Csa5G484620 and Csa5G604330 were respectively predicted using pairwise LD correlation and qRT-PCR analysis. Further, Csa4G022270 in pmG4.1, Csa6G022350 and Csa6G022370 in pmG6.1 might be the candidate genes based on the annotation of homologous genes in Arabidopsis.
Conclusion

Twelve Loci related to powdery mildew resistance in cucumber were detected by genome-wide association analysis, three of which namely pmG2.1, pmG4.1 and pmG6.1 are novel. Three candidate genes within the genomic region of locus pmG2.1, pmG5.2 and pmG5.3 were identified, respectively. These results provide targets for gene cloning and genetic breeding of PM resistance in cucumber.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Abdominal Pain in IBS Patients by Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Lin Zhongyuan , Wang Yimin , Lin Shiqing , Liu Decheng , Mo Guohui , Zhang Hui , dou Yunling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic abdominal discomfort and pain. The mechanisms of abdominal pain, as a relevant symptom, in IBS are still unclear. We aimed to explore the key genes and neurobiological changes specially involved in abdominal pain in IBS.Methods: Gene expression data (GSE36701) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Fifty-three rectal mucosa samples from Irritable Bowel Syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) patients and 40 samples from healthy volunteers (HV) as controls were included. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed on the DAVID database. Then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and visualized using STRING database and Cytoscape.Results: The microarray analysis demonstrated a subset of genes (CCKBR, CCL13ACPP, BDKRB2, GRPR, SLC1A2, NPFF, P2RX4, TRPA1, CCKBR, TLX2, MRGPRX3, PAX2, CXCR1) specially involved in pain transmission. Among these genes, we identified GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1 genes as potential biomarkers for irritating abdominal pain of IBS patients.Conclusions: Overexpression of certain pain-related genes (GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1) may contribute to chronic visceral hypersensitivity, therefore be partly responsible for recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort in IBS patients. Several synapses modification and biological process of psychological distress may be risk factors of IBS.
Atomic Ring Invariant and Modified CANON Extended Connectivity Algorithm for Symmetry Perception in Molecular Graphs and Rigorous Canonicalization of SMILES
Authors: Krotko Dmytro G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We propose new invariant (product of corresponding primes for ring size of each bond of an atom) as a simple unambiguous ring invariant of the atom which allows to distinguish symmetry classes in highly symmetrical molecular graphs (with using of traditional local atom invariants). Also, we propose modifications of Weininger’s CANON algorithm which let to avoid its ambiguities (swapping and leveling of ranks, incorrect determination of symmetry classes in non-aromatic annulenes, arbitrary selection of atom for breaking ties). The atomic ring invariant and the Modified CANON algorithm allow us to create a rigorous procedure for the generation of canonical SMILES which can be used for accurate and fast structural search in large chemical databases.
Cnidium officinale Makino Promotes Skin Health via Anti-Inflammation Processes in Various Skin Cell Lines
Authors: Ku Jin Mo , Hong Se Hyang , Kim Hyo In , Kim Min Jeong , Mok Kyungyul , Shin Yong Cheol , Ko Seong-Gyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Dermatitis is a worldwide health problem that is associated with quality of life. The skin continuously protects the body from the noxious environment. Cnidium officinale Makino (CM) is an herb used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases.Methods This study aimed to investigate whether CM exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and to describe the effect of CM on the moisturizing and whitening of human mast cells (HMC-1), keratinocytes and melanocyte cells. Antioxidant activity was measured by a DPPH free radical assay. The mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthases 1, 2, and 3, Filaggrin, Claudin-4 and Aquaporin3 was measured by RT-PCR. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, TRP1, TRP2, AKT, Erk and NF-kB protein levels were evaluated by Western blotting analysis.Results We found that the levels of the DPPH free radical were decreased by CM treatments. CM exhibited anti-inflammatory activities, including the suppression of inflammation-associated molecules. We found that the levels of whitening-related proteins (MITF, tyrosinase, TRP1, and TRP2) were increased with CM treatment compared with α-MSH stimulation in B16F10 cells. CM induced the upregulation of hyaluronan synthases 1, 2, and 3, Filaggrin, Claudin-4 and Aquaporin3 mRNA expression in keratinocytes.Conclusions These findings indicate that CM reduced several inflammatory responses. CM exhibited antioxidant, skin-moisturizing and whitening activity, indicating that CM might be a useful drug for combating inflammation and in skin care.
The Impact of Guidelines on Sterility Precautions During Indwelling Urethral Catheterization at Two Acute-Care Hospitals in Sweden - A Descriptive Survey
Authors: Kulbay Aysel , Joelsson-Alm Eva , Tammelin Ann 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To support a uniform and evidence-based practice for indwelling urinary catheterization in adults The European association of Urology Nurses (EAUN) published guidelines for this procedure in 2012. The Swedish national guidelines are based on the sterility precautions advocated by EAUN. Nevertheless, some hospitals have local guidelines with other requirements concerning sterility and leave to staff to decide what equipment to use and how to perform the catheterization. The aim of this study was to investigate the nurses´ self-reported sterility precautions during indwelling urethral catheterization at two acute-care hospitals, where the local guidelines differ in their sterility requirements. The study also aimed to analyse factors affecting the participants´ conformity with sterility precautions recommended in the EAUN-guidelines. Methods: A structured questionnaire with questions concerning the participant, working conditions and performance of indwelling urethral catheterization was left to 931 nurses in two acute care hospitals. Chi-square test, Fisher´s exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to analyse variables associated with practicing the sterility precautions as recommended in the EAUN-guidelines.Results: Answers were obtained from 852 persons (91.5 %). A majority of the participants called their insertion technique “non-sterile”. Regardless of what the insertion technique was called, the participants said that the IUC should be kept sterile during procedure. In spite of that not everyone used necessary sterile equipment to maintain the sterility of the catheter. The nurses´ conformity with all the sterility precautions as advocated in the EAUN-guidelines were associated with working at departments for surgery and cardiology (OR 2.50, CI 1.78-3.49) and years in profession (OR 1.54, CI 1.03-2.30). It was also associated with use of sterile set for catheterization (OR 2.03, CI 1.40-2.94), use of sterile drapes for dressing of the insertion area (OR 1.94, CI 1.25-3.00) and using the term “sterile technique” for indwelling urethral catheterization (OR 1.67, CI 1.13-2.47). Conclusions: To achieve a uniform practice in aseptic urethral catheterization national and local hospital guidelines should advocate same sterility precautions. Evidence-based guidelines should describe how sterility precautions are accomplished and should be implemented in healthcare-settings.
Effect of Fish-oil Supplementation During Lactation on Maternal Milk Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Concentration: Results From a Sub-study of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Argaw Alemayehu , Bouckaert Kimberley P , Wondafrash Mekitie , Kolsteren Patrick , Lachat Carl , Meulenaer Bruno De , Hanley-Cook Giles , Huybregts Lieven 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Human milk (HM) is the main source of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) for infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries. While the AA concentration in HM seems rather stable, the concentration of DHA is highly variable and influenced by the maternal intake of marine foods. Mothers in low-income settings living far from coastal areas have limited access to marine foods which may put their children at risk of inadequate omega-3 (n-3) LCPs intake.Objective: In a sub-study of an individually randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil supplementation of lactating mothers on HM n-3 LCPs concentrations in a rural setting in Ethiopia.Methods: Mothers (n = 360) with children 6-12 months old were randomized to receive either an intervention fish-oil capsules [FO: 215 mg DHA + 285 mg EPA] or a control corn-oil capsules [CO: without n-3 LCPs] for 12 months. In a random subsample of 154 participants, we analyzed LCPs in HM and child capillary blood using gas chromatography at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months of the intervention.Results: Compared to the control, FO supplementation increased HM concentrations of DHA by 39.0% (P < 0.001) and EPA by 36.2% (P < 0.001), whereas the AA/(DHA + EPA) ratio decreased by 53.5% (P < 0.001). We also found statistically significant associations between the changes in (DHA + EPA)/AA ratio in the maternal milk and the child capillary blood samples following the supplementation (P < 0.001). However, HM DHA concentrations still remained lower than international norms after the fish-oil intervention.Conclusions: Fish-oil supplementation in lactating mothers improves n-3 LCPs status of HM. It is recommended that future studies evaluate different doses of n-3 LCP and consider the impact of potential effect modifiers such as genetic polymorphism, diet, and others.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01817634. Registered 20 March 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01817634.
Oncological outcome of patients with salivary gland cancer treated with surgery and postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Zang Shoumei , Chen Meiqin , Huang Huijie , Zhu Xinli , Yan Danfang , yan senxiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is comparatively rare and constitutes a variety of histological subtypes. Previously published studies included SGC patients who were irradiated using conventional radiotherapy or 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3-DCRT) may have led to suboptimal oncological outcomes.
Methods
We identified 60 patients with major SGC treated with surgery followed by postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Data for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), prognostic factors, and treatment-related toxicities were analyzed. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.
Results
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) was the most common histology (n = 21; 35%). With a median follow-up of 55.5 months, OS and PFS were 90.7%, 85.1%, and 85.1%; and 80.1%, 72.7%, and 63.1%, at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. LRRFS and DMFS at 3, 5, and 10 years were 87.4%, 82.1%, and 82.1%; and 85.3%, 78.4%, and 66.1%, respectively. Five-year OS, PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS for ACC was 100%, 67.7%, 76.2%, and 90.2%, respectively. In multivariable analysis (MVA), N stage was an independent predictor of PFS (p = 0.047). Positive margin was a significant prognostic factor for PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS (p = 0.036, 0.026, and 0.011, respectively). Major nerve involvement was significantly correlated with PFS and DMFS (p = 0.034 and 0.008, respectively). Interval from surgery to radiotherapy (RT) predicted PFS and DMFS (p = 0.036 and 0.012, respectively). The most common acute toxicities were mucositis and dermatitis, and xerostomia was the most common late adverse event. Lung metastasis was the most common pattern of distant failure.
Conclusion
Postoperative IMRT leads to improved survival for SGC patients with acceptable toxicities.
Dynamic Genome-Wide Association Analysis and Identification of Candidate Genes Involved in Anaerobic Germination Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Su Ling , Yang Jing , Li Dandan , Peng Ziai , Xia Aoyun , Yang Meng , Luo Lixing , Huang Cuihong , Wang Jiafeng , Wang Hui , Chen Zhiqiang , Guo Tao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In Asian rice production, an increasing number of countries now choose the direct seeding mode because of rising costs, labour shortages and water shortages. The ability of rice seeds to undergo anaerobic germination (AG) plays an important role in the success of direct seeding.Results: In this study, we used 2,123,725 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on resequencing to conduct a dynamic genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coleoptile length (CL) and coleoptile diameter (CD) in 209 natural rice populations. A total of 26 SNP loci were detected in these two phenotypes, of which 5 overlapped with previously reported loci (S1_ 39674301, S6_ 20797781, S7_ 18722403, S8_ 9946213, S11_ 19165397), and two sites were detected repeatedly at different time points (S3_ 24689629 and S5_ 27918754). We suggest that these 7 loci (−log10 (P) value > 7.3271) are the key sites that affect AG tolerance. To screen the candidate genes more effectively, we sequenced the transcriptome of the flooding-tolerant variety YZX in six key stages, including anaerobic (AN) and the oxygen conversion point (AN-A), and obtained high-quality differential expression profiles. Four reliable candidate genes were identified: Os01g0911700 (OsVP1), Os05g0560900 (OsGA2ox8), Os05g0562200 (OsDi19-1) and Os06g0548200. Then, qRT-PCR and LC-MS/MS-based target metabolite detection technology were used to verify the expression levels of these four candidate genes and the contents of the metabolites they regulate, which specifically responded to AG.Conclusion: The four novel candidate genes were associated with gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) regulation and cell wall metabolism under oxygen-deficiency conditions and promoted coleoptile elongation while avoiding adverse effects, allowing the coleoptile to obtain oxygen, escape the low-oxygen environment and germinate rapidly. The results of this study improve our understanding of the genetic basis of AG in rice seeds, which is conducive to the selection of flooding-tolerant varieties suitable for direct seeding.
Association of rs81471943 and reproductive traits reveals EXOC4 as novel molecular breeding marker in pigs
Authors: He Yingting , Zhou Xiaofeng , Hu Bin , zheng Rongrong , Jiang Yao , Yao Zhixiang , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Hao , Wang Xilong , Li Jiaqi , Yuan Xiaolong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In mammals, the exocyst complex component 4 ( EXOC 4 ) gene has often been reported to be involved in vesicle transport. The rs81471943 (C/T) locates at the intron of porcine EXOC 4 , and six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) within 5-10 Mb around EXOC 4 are associated with ovary weight, teat number, total born alive, and corpus luteum number. However, the molecular mechanisms between EXOC 4 and reproductive performance of pigs remains incompletely elucidated.Results: In this study, rs81471943 was genotyped from a total of 994 Duroc sows, and the genotype and allele frequency of rs81471943 (C/T) were statistically analyzed. Then the associations between rs81471943 and four reproductive traits including number of piglets born alive (NBA), litter weight at birth (LWB)，number of piglets weaned (NW), and litter weight at weaning (LWW) were determined. Besides, the sanger sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were utilized to identify genotype of rs81471943. We found that the genotype frequency of CC was significantly higher than that of CT and TT, and TT was the favorable genotype on NW ( P =0.01) and LWW ( P <0.01). Moreover, 5’-deletion and luciferase assays identified a positive transcription regulatory element in -1826/-1551 of EXOC 4 . After exploring -1826/-1551 fragment, -1781G/A linked with rs81471943 (C/T) were identified by analysis the transcription activity of the haplotypes, and -1781 G/A might influence the potential binding of P 53 , ETS transcription factor ( ELK1 ), and myeloid zinc finger 1 ( MZF 1 ).Conclusions: In 994 Duroc pigs, rs81471943 of TT was the favorable genotype on NW (P=0.01) and LWW (P<0.01), and the haplotypes of -1781G/A and rs81471943 significantly affect the transcription activity of EXOC 4 , which might influence the binding of potential cis-acting elements P 53 , ELK 1 and/or MZF 1 . These findings provide useful information for identifying the molecular marker of EXOC 4 -assisted selection in pig breeding.
Bridging Different Realities - a Qualitative Study on Patients’ Experiences of Preoperative Care for Benign Hysterectomy and Opportunistic Salpingectomy in Sweden
Authors: Collins Elin , Lindqvist Maria , Mogren Ingrid , Idahl Annika 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHysterectomy is a common procedure worldwide and removing healthy fallopian tubes at the time of hysterectomy (opportunistic salpingectomy) to possibly prevent ovarian cancer is increasing in frequency, but still controversial. The experiences and perceptions of women, eligible for the procedure, have not been previously investigated.This study aims to, among women waiting to undergo hysterectomy, explore i) experiences and perceptions of self and healthcare in relation to their elective surgery, ii) perceptions of risks and benefits of hysterectomy, including opportunistic salpingectomy.MethodsA qualitative study, with focus group discussions including women < 55 years, planned for hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, was performed. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling from six gynecological departments in different parts of Sweden, including both country and university hospitals. Focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative manifest and latent content analysis.ResultsTwenty-one Swedish-speaking women participated. They were 40-53 years of age, reported varying educational levels, countries of birth and indications for hysterectomy. Analysis rendered a theme “Bridging different realities” over four categories: “Being a woman today”, “Experiencing and managing body failure”, “Navigating the healthcare system” and “Processing continuously until surgery”, including 17 subcategories. The participants displayed varying attitudes towards the significance of their uterus in being a woman. A vague understanding of their body was described, leading to fear related to the reasons for surgery as well as surgery itself. Participants described difficulties understanding and recalling information but also stated that insufficient information was provided. Perceptions of the risks and benefits of opportunistic salpingectomy varied. Involvement in decisions regarding the hysterectomy and potential opportunistic salpingectomy was perceived to be dependent on the counselling gynecologist.ConclusionsThe theme Bridging different realities captures the complexity of women deciding on removal of their uterus, and possibly fallopian tubes. It also describes the women’s interactions with healthcare and perceived difference between the health professionals and the women’s perception of the situation, as viewed by the women. Bridging the different realities faced by patients is required to enable shared decision-making, through sufficient support from healthcare.