bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postprandial Triglyceride‐Rich Lipoproteins from Type 2 Diabetic Women Stimulate Platelet Activation Regardless of the Fat Source in the Meal
Authors: Boulet Marie Michèle , Cheillan David , Di Filippo Mathilde , Lelekov‐Boissard Taïssia , Buisson Charline , Lambert‐Porcheron Stéphanie , Nazare Julie‐Anne , Tressou Jessica , Michalski Marie‐Caroline , Calzada Catherine , Moulin Philippe 
Published: August 2020

ScopeThe aim of this study is to examine whether postprandial (PP) triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TGRL) secreted after a moderate fat intake would activate platelets differently according to their fatty acid (FA) composition.Methods and resultsIn a parallel single‐blind randomized trial, 30 women with type 2 diabetes are assigned a breakfast containing 20 g lipids from butter versus hazelnut‐cocoa spread (HCS) rich in palm oil. Blood samples are collected at fasting and 4 h PP. FA composition of fasting and PP TGRL and their effects on the activation of platelets from healthy blood donors are assessed. Both breakfasts similarly increase plasma ApoB‐48, plasma, and TGRL triglycerides (p < 0.05). TGRL mean diameter increases after both breakfasts and is greater after the butter breakfast. Both breakfasts are rich in palmitic acid, and the HCS breakfast contains 45% oleic acid. TGRL FA composition reflects the dietary FA composition. Pre‐incubation of platelets with fasting and PP TGRL increases collagen‐stimulated aggregation (p < 0.01 vs control). Fasting and PP TGRL similarly increase agonist‐induced thromboxane B2 concentrations, and this effect is concentration‐dependent for PP TGRL.ConclusionPP TGRL from type 2 diabetic women after a palm‐oil spread versus butter‐based mixed meal induce similar acute in vitro platelet activation.
rp‐adaptation for compressible flows
Authors: Marcon Julian , Castiglioni Giacomo , Moxey David , Sherwin Spencer J. , Peiró Joaquim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a novel rp‐adaptation strategy for high‐fidelity simulations of compressible inviscid flows with shocks. The mesh resolution in regions of flow discontinuities is increased by using a variational optimizer to r‐adapt the mesh and cluster degrees of freedom there. In regions of smooth flow, we locally increase or decrease the local resolution through increasing or decreasing the polynomial order of the elements, respectively. This dual approach allows us to take advantage of the strengths of both methods for best computational performance, thereby reducing the overall cost of the simulation. The adaptation workflow uses a sensor for both discontinuities and smooth regions that is cheap to calculate, but the framework is general and could be used in conjunction with other feature‐based sensors or error estimators. We demonstrate this proof‐of‐concept using two geometries in transonic and supersonic flow regimes. The method has been implemented in the open‐source spectral/hp element framework Nektar++, and adaptivity is performed by its dedicated high‐order mesh generation tool NekMesh. The results show that the proposed rp‐adaptation methodology is a reasonably cost‐effective way of improving simulation accuracy.
Implicit and Explicit Anti‐Fat Attitude Change Following Brief Cognitive Dissonance Intervention for Weight Stigma
Authors: Breithaupt Lauren , Trojanowski Paige , Fischer Sarah 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveResearch has demonstrated that explicit anti‐fat attitudes decrease immediately following a brief cognitive dissonance‐based intervention targeting weight stigma. The current study explores changes in explicit and implicit anti‐fat attitudes immediately following a cognitive dissonance‐based weight stigma intervention and 1 week after.MethodsCollege students (N = 156) were randomly assigned to a control or dissonance weight stigma intervention. Weight stigma attitudes were assessed at three time points, and participants completed a measure of values at baseline. Participants in the dissonance condition were told that they had anti‐fat attitudes that were inconsistent with their values, whereas participants in the control group were told that their attitudes aligned with their values. All participants reviewed feedback at a follow‐up visit before completing explicit and implicit weight stigma assessments a final time.ResultsIndividuals in the dissonance condition reported statistically significant decreases in explicit attitudes from Visit 1 to Visit 3. In contrast, there was not a significant condition by time interaction on implicit attitudes.ConclusionsThis study provides support for cognitive dissonance‐based interventions to reduce explicit, but not implicit, anti‐fat attitudes following repeated exposure to dissonance induction.
Solution of a specific class of nonlinear fractional optimal control problems including multiple delays
Authors: Marzban Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis research provides a new framework based on a hybrid of block‐pulse functions and Legendre polynomials for the numerical examination of a special class of scalar nonlinear fractional optimal control problems involving delay. The concepts of the fractional derivative and the fractional integral are employed in the Caputo sense and the Riemann‐Liouville sense, respectively. In accordance with the notion of the Riemann‐Liouville integral, we derive a new integral operator related to the proposed basis called the operational matrix of fractional integration. By employing two significant operators, namely, the delay operator and the integral operator connected to the hybrid basis, the system dynamics of the primal optimal control problem converts to another system involving algebraic equations. Consequently, the optimal control problem under study is reduced to a static optimization one that is solved by existing well‐established optimization procedures. Some new theoretical results regarding the new basis are obtained. Various kinds of fractional optimal control problems containing delay are examined to measure the accuracy of the new method. The simulation results justify the merits and superiority of the devised procedure over the existing optimization methods in the literature.
A taxometric analysis of psychopathy in a Chinese prison sample
Authors: Ren Fen , Li Xiaomin , Chen Gongxiang , Wang Meng‐Cheng , Xia Fangjing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs psychopathy is one of the major personality disorders—relating to severe pathological syndromes of personality—clarity concerning the nature of the latent structure of psychopathy is necessary for accurate assessment. In the present study, psychopathy was assessed in 339 Chinese male prisoners aged 18 to 35 years with three subscales of the Youth Psychopathy Trait Inventory – Short Version (YPI‐SV). Three different taxometric analyses were used to assess the taxonicity of psychopathy, and a three‐factor solution to the YPI‐SV was used as the basis of the analysis. Consistency tests of the three different procedures showed strongly that the latent structure was dimensional rather than categorical. Moreover, the mean comparison curve fit index was close to .40, which also clearly indicates a dimensional result. These results confirm the fact that the factor solution applies in most studies of psychopathy.
Comparison of laboratory threshold criteria in drug‐induced liver injury detection algorithms for use in pharmacovigilance
Authors: Tan Eng Hooi , Ling Zheng Jye , Ang Pei San , Sung Cynthia , Dan Yock Young , Tai Bee Choo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeFor the purpose of pharmacovigilance, we sought to determine the best performing laboratory threshold criteria to detect drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) in the electronic medical records (EMR).MethodsWe compared three commonly used liver chemistry criteria from the DILI expert working group (DEWG), DILI network (DILIN), and Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), based on hospital EMR for years 2010 and 2011 (42 176 admissions), using independent medical record review. The performance characteristics were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, accuracy, F‐measure, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsDEWG had the highest PPV (5.5%, 95% CI: 4.1%‐7.2%), specificity (97.0%, 95% CI: 96.8%‐97.2%), accuracy (96.8%, 95% CI: 96.6%‐97.0%) and F‐measure (0.099). CIOMS had the highest sensitivity (74.0%, 95% CI: 64.3%‐82.3%) and AUROC (85.2%, 95% CI: 80.8%‐89.7%). Besides the laboratory criteria, including additional keywords in the classification algorithm improved the PPV and F‐measure to a maximum of 29.0% (95% CI: 22.3%‐36.5%) and 0.379, respectively.ConclusionsMore stringent criteria (DEWG and DILIN) performed better in terms of PPV, specificity, accuracy and F‐measure. CIOMS performed better in terms of sensitivity. An algorithm with high sensitivity is useful in pharmacovigilance for detecting rare events and to avoid missing cases. Requiring at least two abnormal liver chemistries during hospitalization and text‐word searching in the discharge summaries decreased false positives without loss in sensitivity.
Flexible bifacial amorphous Si quintuple‐ and sextuple‐junction solar cells for Internet of Things devices
Authors: Konagai Makoto , Noge Hiroshi , Ishikawa Ryousuke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBifacial a‐SiOx:H/a‐SiOx:H/a‐Si:H/a‐SiOx:H/a‐SiOx:H quintuple‐junction and a‐SiOx:H/a‐SiOx:H/a‐Si:H/a‐Si:H/a‐SiOx:H/a‐SiOx:H sextuple‐junction solar cells were prepared by the PE‐CVD. The solar cell has a structure in which both sides are sandwiched between ITO layers, and the structure allows light irradiation from both sides. A total of 49 cells having an area of 0.25 cm2, 0.5 cm2, and 1 cm2was fabricated on a 10 cm × 10 cm substrate. The distribution of open‐circuit voltage,Voc, under low illumination in all 49 solar cells was investigated. As one example of applying bifacial multi‐junction a‐Si based solar cells as an independent power source for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a flexible bifacial quintuple‐junction solar cell was also prepared. In the sextuple‐junction solar cell, an open‐circuit voltage of 4.1 and 3.5 V was obtained even at a low illuminance of 3000 and 100 lux, respectively. In the quintuple‐junction solar cell formed on the polyimide film substrate, an open‐circuit voltage of 3.2 and 2.7 V was obtained at 3000 and 100 lux, respectively. The decreasing amount of the open circuit voltage when the irradiation intensity became 1/10,ΔVoc (1/10), was 62–64 mV/cell.
Cancer Patients' Perception of Usefulness of Wearable Exercise Trackers
Authors: Ng Amy , Gupta Ekta , Bansal Swati , Fontillas Rhodora C. , Amos Charles E. , Williams Janet L. , Dibaj Seyedeh , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and perception of usefulness of wearable trackers in inpatient and outpatient cancer rehabilitation patients.DesignProspective study.SettingAcute inpatient rehabilitation and outpatient clinic at a tertiary cancer center.ParticipantsAdult cancer patients (N = 100).InterventionsParticipants were provided with wearable trackers for the duration of the study.Main Outcome MeasuresSurvey regarding feasibility (as defined as equal or more than two‐thirds of participants reporting use of the wearable tracker) and usefulness of the wearable tracker and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS‐FS) in both inpatient and outpatient populations. Activity minutes, number of steps, heart rate, and sleep data were collected from the wearable tracker.ResultsPatients reported the use of a wearable tracker is feasible, with 48/50 (96%) outpatients and 47/50 (94%) inpatients reported wearing the wearable tracker daily and 37/49 (76%) outpatients and 29/50 (58%) inpatients reported that they would continue to wear the wearable tracker after this study. The majority of cancer patients (41/49 [84%] of outpatient and 33/50 [66%] of inpatient patients) reported that the wearable tracker was useful and 41/49 (84%) outpatients and 27/50 (54%) inpatients perceived the wearable tracker as helping to increase physical activity.ConclusionsThe use of wearable trackers in cancer patients is feasible and patients perceive wearable trackers as useful in both the inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation setting. Physical activity in these patients was better in the outpatient population, as expected because of less medical acuity.
Ultrasound‐Guided Fasciotomies of the Deep and Superficial Posterior Leg Compartments for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: A Cadaveric Investigation
Authors: Reisner Jacob H. , Noble‐Taylor Kayle E. , Cummings Nancy M. , Lachman Nirusha , Finnoff Jonathan T. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundChronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a type of leg pain related to elevated intracompartmental pressure with activity in one or more of the four compartments of the leg. Open fasciotomy is the definitive treatment for CECS but has a reported complication rate of up to 15.7% and return to full activity reported up to 16 weeks. Ultrasound‐guided (USG) fasciotomy of the anterior and lateral compartments has been translated into clinical practice.ObjectiveTo determine the safety and feasibility of a USG fasciotomy of the deep posterior compartment (DPC) and superficial compartment (SPC) of the leg in a fresh‐frozen cadaveric model.DesignProspective, cadaveric laboratory investigation.SettingProcedural skills laboratory at an academic institution.Cadaveric CohortTen fresh‐frozen cadaveric knee‐ankle‐foot specimens from five female and five male donors aged 58 to 93 years (mean 77.4 years) with body mass indexes of 18.1 to 33.5 kg/m2 (mean 25.1 kg/m2).Methods or InterventionsOne experienced operator performed 10 USG DPC and SPC fasciotomies. A clinical anatomist performed dissections of each.Main Outcome MeasuresAchievement of target length and continuity of release was recorded. Target lengths of 10 cm for the superficial posterior compartment (SPC) and 15 cm for the deep posterior compartment (DPC) were established based on previous studies. Tendinous and neurovascular structures were assessed for damage.ResultsNo tendon or neurovascular injuries were observed. In the SPC, target length was achieved in 90% and continuous release was observed in 80%. In the DPC, target length was achieved in 60% and continuity observed in 30%.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SPC USG fasciotomies using the technique described in this study are feasible, may be safe, and warrant further translational research; however, DPC USG fasciotomies are more challenging and require more technical refinement prior to clinical translation.
Field evaluation of biocontrol agents against black‐foot and Petri diseases of grapevine
Authors: del Pilar Martínez‐Diz María , Díaz‐Losada Emilia , Andrés‐Sodupe Marcos , Bujanda Rebeca , Maldonado‐González María M , Ojeda Sonia , Yacoub Amira , Rey Patrice , Gramaje David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack‐foot and Petri diseases are the main fungal diseases associated with young grapevine decline. Two field experiments were established to evaluate the preventive effect of two potential biocontrol agents (BCAs), that isStreptomycessp. E1 + R4 andPythium oligandrumPo37, and three BCA‐commercial products containingTrichoderma atrovirideSC1,Trichoderma koningiiTK7 andPseudomonas fluorescens + Bacillus atrophaeuson fungal infection in grafted plants and plant growth parameters.RESULTSThe effectiveness of some BCA in reducing the incidence and severity of both diseases was dependent on the plant part analyzed and the plant age. No single BCA application was able to control both diseases.Streptomycessp. E1 + R4 were able to reduce significantly the infection of the most prevalent black‐foot disease fungi whileP. oligandrumPo37 andTrichodermaspp. were able to reduce significantlyPhaeomoniella chlamydosporaandPhaeoacremonium minimum(Petri disease) infection. BCA treatments had no effect on the shoot weight, and root weight was significantly lower in all BCA treatments with respect to the control.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of the disease‐suppressive activity of two or more beneficial microbes in a biocontrol preparation is required to prevent infection by black‐foot and Petri disease fungi in vineyards.
A density functional theory study on the structure formation of Al(III) carboxylate complexes in aqueous aluminum sols
Authors: Li Chunlan , Liu Wensheng , Wang Juan , Yao Shuwei , Ma Yunzhu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn‐depth studies of the structure of precursor sols is very important for understanding the subsequent sol to gel transition. Here, density functional theory was applied to study the reaction of Al powder with formic and acetic acid in aqueous solution to find the structure of Al(III) complex in precursor sols. The Al3+ ion obtained by dissolving Al powder in aqueous solution of formic and acetic acid would preferentially coordinate with water molecules to form aluminum hydrates. As the reaction energy barrier of aluminum hydrates with CH3COO− and HCOO− was comparable, both aluminum formoacetate and other aluminum carboxylate monomers could be obtained. Most Al(III) complexes formed by other carboxylate monomers were similar to that prepared from aluminum formoacetate. However, some Al(III) monomers and Al(III) dimer with different structural characteristics might be detrimental to the formation of linear polymers. The formation of other aluminum carboxylate monomers had great influence on the structure of precursor sols.
Cutting the ovarian surface improves the responsiveness to exogenous hormonal treatment in aged mice
Authors: Umehara Takashi , Urabe Nao , Obata Toshiki , Yamaguchi Takashi , Tanaka Atsushi , Shimada Masayuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeOvarian vascular abnormality and ovarian fibrosis are observed in the low responder patients and aging mice. Vascularization and fibrosis are regulated by injury‐repair system, such as wound. Thus, in this study, the authors tried to investigate the effect of the surgical treatment to ovarian surface with cutting on the functions of ovary in aging mouse model, gcNrg1KO.MethodThe ovarian surface of gcNrg1KO was surgically cut, and then the ovary was returned inside of bursa ovarica. To assess the effect of cutting on fertility, mating test, smear analysis, and exogenous hormonal treatment were done. Additionally, the histological analysis was used for observing the remodeling of ovarian stroma after the surgical approach.ResultOvarian fibrosis disappeared at 7 days after surgery. With the abrogation of fibrosis, the blood vessels were fluently observed around the follicles, and the follicular development was re‐started. The responses against exogenous hormone were recovered at 21 days after the surgery, and estrous cycle and delivery were also recovered by the surgery and the fertility was maintained for 3 months.ConclusionThis cutting method of ovarian surface becomes a good option against low responder patients.
Classification algorithm for high‐dimensional protein markers in time‐course data
Authors: Vishwakarma Gajendra K. , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Banerjee Souvik , Liquet Benoit 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIdentification of biomarkers is an emerging area in oncology. In this article, we develop an efficient statistical procedure for the classification of protein markers according to their effect on cancer progression. A high‐dimensional time‐course dataset of protein markers for 80 patients motivates us for developing the model. The threshold value is formulated as a level of a marker having maximum impact on cancer progression. The classification algorithm technique for high‐dimensional time‐course data is developed and the algorithm is validated by comparing random components using both proportional hazard and accelerated failure time frailty models. The study elucidates the application of two separate joint modeling techniques using auto regressive‐type model and mixed effect model for time‐course data and proportional hazard model for survival data with proper utilization of Bayesian methodology. Also, a prognostic score is developed on the basis of few selected genes with application on patients. This study facilitates to identify relevant biomarkers from a set of markers.
Tunable Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on 8‐Connected Metal Trimers for High Ethane Uptake
Authors: Lei Xiao‐Wu , Yang Huajun , Wang Yanxiang , Wang Yong , Chen Xitong , Xiao Yuchen , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetal trimers [M3(O/OH)](OOCR)6 are among the most important structural building blocks. From these trimers, a great success has been achieved in the design of 6‐ or 9‐connected framework materials with various topological features and outstanding gas‐sorption properties. In comparison, 8‐connected trimer‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are rare. Given multiple competitive pathways for the formation of 6‐ or 9‐connected frameworks, it remains challenging to identify synthetic or structural parameters that can be used to direct the self‐assembly process toward trimer‐based 8‐connected materials. Here, a viable strategy called angle bending modulation is revealed for creating a prototypical MOF type based on 8‐connected M3(OH)(OOCR)5(Py‐R)3 trimers (M = Zn, Co, Fe). As a proof of concept, six members in this family are synthesized using three types of ligands (CPM‐80, ‐81, and ‐82). These materials do not possess open‐metal sites and show excellent uptake capacity for various hydrocarbon gas molecules and inverse C2H6/C2H4 selectivity. CPM‐81‐Co, made from 2,5‐furandicarboxylate and isonicotinate, features selectivity of 1.80 with high uptake capacity for ethane (123 cm3 g−1) and ethylene (113 cm3 g−1) at 298 K and 1 bar.
What kind of students persist in science learning in the face of academic challenges?
Authors: Ng Clarence 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScience self‐schemas are students' cognitive generalizations of their selves in learning science. Students who hold contrasting science self‐schemas are hypothesized to learn consistently with their salient self‐conception in science. A survey and an experiment provided complementary evidence supporting the self‐congruent engagement hypothesis. Study 1 surveyed 329 Year 9 Australian students and classified them into three schematic groups based on their responses to questionnaire items assessing self‐knowledge defining the science‐self‐schema concept. The results showed that positive, average and negative schematics held contrasting goals, strategies, and grade aspiration congruent with their self‐conceptions when dealing with challenging science tasks. Due to the presence of a valued self, positive schematics compared to the other two groups had stronger intention to further their studies in science and follow a science career in the future. Study 2 used an experimental design to compare positive, negative and average schematics' coping responses when dealing with a difficult test in science. One hundred and one students who had completed the survey study joined Study 2. The findings confirmed the differences between these three groups. Positive and negative schematics completed the test in a way congruent to their self‐conceptions. In the absence of an elaborated self in science, average schematics had less extreme responses compared to the polarized schematic students. The results derived from two studies indicate that science self‐schemas are important identity‐based conceptions for understanding students' science aspiration and coping responses to challenge science.