bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic oxygen ion retrieval from 630.0 nm airglow during geomagnetically quiet periods: a mid-latitude case study near Irkutsk
Authors: Duann Y. , Chang L. C. , Chiu Y.-C. , Salinas C. C. J. H. , Dmitriev A. V. , Ratovsky K. G. , Medvedeva I. V. , Vasilyev R. , Mikhalev A. V. , Liu J. Y. , Lin C. H. , Fang T.-W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study develops and validates three photochemical inversion models to retrieve atomic oxygen ion density ([O+]) profiles from 630.0 nm airglow emissions in the mid-latitude ionosphere during geomagnetically quiet period. Using passive ground-based instruments and empirical models, the models were tested and compared against electron density data from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) and DPS-4 digisonde at Irkutsk. Among the models, Inversion Model 3 showed the strongest agreement with observations, particularly in capturing seasonal variations such as the June–July peak and a secondary March–April peak, which were absent in IRI-2012 predictions. These results highlight the potential of Inversion Model 3 for accurate [O+] retrieval, offering a novel approach for monitoring ionospheric variability using passive photometric observations.
Effect of El Niño on summer extreme ocean waves over East Asian regions
Authors: Bayhaqi Ahmad , Yoo Jeseon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExtreme wave events have had devastating impacts on East Asian (EA) coastal regions. However, despite being a prominent region for extreme waves due to the influence of anomalous seasonal atmospheric and remote climate variability, the investigation of EA extreme wave characteristics, such as duration and intensity, and their relation to the climate variability remains unclear. By applying the peaks-over-threshold (POT) method with a fixed threshold set at the 99th percentile, this study aims to quantify the duration and intensity of EA extreme wave events in boreal summer from 1980–2021 and investigates the influence of warm phase of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO, El Niño) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) as the main climate mode in the Pacific Ocean. Spatially, the findings demonstrate that extreme waves have occurred with an intensity (the wave height above threshold) of up to 1.5 m, persisting for 8 to 35 h across the study area and revealing the significant area in the southern part of the region, impacting the southern coast of Korea. The area-averaged, calculated specifically for this significant area, indicate that the occurrence of El Niño induces longer (averaging 85 h) and more intense summer extreme waves, with a maximum intensity of 2 m. Furthermore, a positive PDO tends to strengthen the El Niño effect, with the almost doubled in duration, through strong anomalous anticyclonic formation in the Philippine Sea. The study findings enhance our understanding of the link between ENSO and TS activity with respect to extreme wave duration and intensity; these factors can be relevant in formulating plans for mitigating the impact of extreme wave events on coastal environments.
ZWDX: a global zenith wet delay forecasting model using XGBoost
Authors: Crocetti Laura , Schartner Matthias , Wareyka-Glaner Marcus Franz , Schindler Konrad , Soja Benedikt 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTropospheric delays play a crucial role for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). They are a major error source in GNSS positioning and, at the same time, also a variable of interest in GNSS meteorology. Regardless of whether the delay shall be eliminated or inverted to atmospheric parameters, and no matter how this is done, it is of utmost importance to accurately determine tropospheric delays. In this study, we present a global zenith wet delay (ZWD) model, called ZWDX, that offers accurate spatial and temporal ZWD predictions at any desired location on Earth. ZWDX is based on the XGBoost algorithm and uses ZWDs measured at over 19,000 GNSS stations as reference. The inputs of ZWDX are the geographical location, observation time, and specific humidity at nine atmospheric pressure levels. For our study, we train the model on the years 2010 to 2021 and then test it for the year 2022. While ZWDX is trained to predict ZWD values based on specific humidity values from the ERA5 reanalysis, we show that it also delivers good predictions when applied to HRES specific humidity forecasts, making it suitable for (short-term) ZWD forecasting. The ZWDX model predictions are evaluated at 2500 globally distributed, spatio-temporally independent GNSS stations, with forecasting horizons ranging from 0 h to 48 h, and achieve root mean squared errors (RMSE) between 10.1 mm and 16.2 mm. To independently evaluate ZWDX’s performance and to demonstrate its potential for a real-world downstream task, we use its predictions as a-priori values for a precise point positioning (PPP) analysis and compare the results with those obtained using ZWD values from VMF1 or VMF3. We find that the highest accuracy and fastest convergence are indeed achieved with ZWDX.
Graphical Abstract
Formation of a magnetic duct by the compressional component of ULF oscillation: a ray tracing study of whistler-mode wave propagation
Authors: Tachi Kohki , Katoh Yuto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate the propagation of whistler-mode waves in ultralow frequency (ULF) wave-derived magnetic ducts using ray tracing simulations in a two-dimensional dipole coordinate system on the meridian plane. The refractive index modulation caused by the ULF wave affects whistler-mode wave propagation. In this study, a magnetic duct structure at an L value (magnetic shell) of 6 is considered by a waveform of the fundamental mode with compressional and poloidal components. The total magnetic field strength increases depending on the ULF wave phase, forming duct structures that correspond to a decrease in the refractive index and vice versa. We model the refractive index distribution and compute the ray paths of whistler-mode waves under the settings of each ULF wave phase. We assume whistler-mode waves with a frequency of 20 or 70% of the electron gyrofrequency at the equator. The initial wave normal angle is 0 degrees at the equator. The results show duct propagation, while the frequency at which the ducting of whistler-mode waves switches with the duct structure varies with the ULF wave phase. The present study depicts the duct propagation caused by the ULF wave and suggests that ULF waves should cause spatial and temporal modulation of the whistler-mode wave via the duct propagation process. These features could help in the study of inner magnetospheric processes and aurora physics.
Graphical Abstract
A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development
Authors: Vacarezza Cristóbal , Araneda Julieta , Gonzalez Pamela , Arteaga Oscar , Marcelain Katherine , Castellon Enrique A. , Periera Ana , Khoury Maroun , Müller Bettina , Lecaros Juan Alberto , Salas Sofia P. , Riquelme Arnoldo , Corvalan Alejandro H. , de la Jara Jorge Jiménez , Ferreccio Catterina , Goic Carolina , Nervi Bruno , Roa Juan Carlos , Owen Gareth I. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Chile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy.

Objectives
Provide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology. Assess the funding and distribution of cancer investigation. Present actions for the development of oncology research, innovation and patient care.

Methods
Triangulating objective system metrics of economic, epidemiological, private and public sector resources together with policy analysis, we assessed cancer burden, infrastructure, and investigation. We analyzed governmental and private-sector cancer databases, complemented by interviews with cancer stakeholders.

Results
Governmental policy and patient advocacy have led to the recognition of cancer burden, a cancer law, and a national cancer plan. Cancer has become the leading cause of death in Chile (59,876 cases and 31,440 cancer deaths in 2022), yet only 0.36% gross domestic product (GDP) is directed to research and development. Inequalities in treatment regimens persist. Prevention policy has lowered tobacco consumption, sugar intake via soft drinks and offered a high coverage of HPV vaccines. A high-quality cancer research community is expanding, and internationally sponsored clinical oncology trials are increasing.

Conclusions
The cancer law has facilitated advancement in policy. Prevention policies have impacted tobacco and sugar intake, while gender equality and care inequality have entered the public forum. Cancer research is stagnated by the lack of investment. Implementation of a cancer registry and biobanking, reinforcement of prevention strategies, development of human resources, promotion of clinical trial infrastructure and investment in new technologies must be placed as a priority to permit advancements in innovation and equitable cancer care.
Effects of pore water and pore air pressure on the slope failure mechanisms due to rainfall in centrifuge investigation
Authors: Cho May Than Thar , Sato Tomotaka , Saito Hirotaka , Izumi Akira , Kohgo Yuji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The slope failures triggered by heavy rainfall are challenging to predict. However, their severe impact and potential for extensive damage emphasize the urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate these risks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pore water pressures (PWPs) and pore air pressures (PAPs) on slope failure during heavy rainfall under centrifuge condition. Three centrifuge rainfall model tests were conducted with varying rainfall intensities (I) and relative densities (Dr). In this experiment, the slope model was subjected to a centrifugal acceleration of 30 G.

Results
In all cases, slope failures started at the slope toes when the PWPs became positive and phreatic surfaces appeared on the slope surface. In the Toyoura sand case, the PAPs increased slightly at the slope crest, hardly changed at the slope toe, and oscillated at the slope shoulder due to rainwater infiltration. The entire slope failure was observed in this case. In the Silica sand cases, only localized slope toe failures were observed. The PAPs slightly oscillated with small changes in the silica sand case with a relative density of Dr = 50%. However, in the case with a Dr = 25%, the PAPs at the slope toe significantly increased compared to the other parts, and the oscillations were comparatively large. After the first failure occurred at the slope toe in the silica sand case with a Dr = 25%, cracks and slip lines appeared at the slope crest.

Conclusions
The three cases illustrated the complex relationship between soil properties, rainfall intensity, and the dynamics of pore water and pore air pressure on slope stability during heavy rainfall. From the behaviour of PAPs and PWPs in all cases, it was found that the transition from air to water occurred smoothly, and the isolation of air was not observed even during heavy rainfall. Changes in PAPs were far smaller than those in PWPs, indicating a smaller impact on slope stability than PWPs.
Role of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis in oncogenesis and its targeting by bioactive natural compounds for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Godiyal Yogesh , Maheshwari Drishti , Taniguchi Hiroaki , Zinzuwadia Shweta S. , Morera-Díaz Yanelys , Tewari Devesh , Bishayee Anupam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCancer is a global health problem and one of the leading causes of mortality. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the field of oncology, emerging as a powerful treatment strategy. A key pathway that has garnered considerable attention is programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). The interaction between PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells and PD-1 reduces the innate immune response and thus compromises the capability of the body’s immune system. Furthermore, it controls the phenotype and functionality of innate and adaptive immune components. A range of monoclonal antibodies, including avelumab, atezolizumab, camrelizumab, dostarlimab, durvalumab, sinitilimab, toripalimab, and zimberelimab, have been developed for targeting the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. These agents can induce a broad spectrum of autoimmune-like complications that may affect any organ system. Recent studies have focused on the effect of various natural compounds that inhibit immune checkpoints. This could contribute to the existing arsenal of anticancer drugs. Several bioactive natural agents have been shown to affect the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, influencing cell proliferation, and eventually leading to tumor cell death and inhibiting cancer progression. However, there is a substantial knowledge gap regarding the role of different natural compounds targeting PD-1 in the context of cancer. Hence, this review aims to provide a common connection between PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and the anticancer effects of distinct natural molecules. Moreover, the primary focus will be on the underlying mechanism of action as well as the clinical efficacy of bioactive molecules. Current challenges along with the scope of future research directions targeting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions through natural substances are also discussed.
Clinical characteristics of patients requiring emergency hospitalization due to immune-related adverse events: a retrospective study
Authors: Ikeda Tatsuki , Nihei Satoru , Saito Kazuki , Asaka Junichi , Kudo Kenzo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, offering hope for various malignancies by enhancing the immune response against tumors. However, ICIs are associated with unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which differ significantly from conventional chemotherapy-induced toxicities. These irAEs, which affect more than 70% of patients and often escalate to severe grades, present substantial clinical management challenges and frequently necessitate emergency hospitalization. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients requiring emergency hospitalization due to irAEs during ICI therapy to enhance understanding and improve management strategies.

Methods
This retrospective study evaluated patients who received ICIs at Iwate Medical University Hospital between August 1, 2016, and December 31, 2022, and required emergency hospitalization due to irAEs. Clinical data were extracted from the medical records, including patient demographics, presenting complaints, time from ICI initiation to hospitalization, irAE diagnoses, and treatment outcomes. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the associations between the chief complaints and irAE diagnoses.

Results
Of 1009 ICI-treated patients, 96 required emergency hospitalization for irAEs. The cohort's mean age was 73 years, with 75.0% of patients being male. Among patients who required emergency hospitalization, a high proportion were undergoing treatment for lung cancer (41.7%). The median hospitalization duration was 87 days. The chief complaints included dyspnea (34.4%) and fatigue (34.4%), with gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders being the most frequent irAEs (35.4%). Significant correlations were observed between dyspnea and respiratory diseases (Rs = 0.66), skin diseases and disorders (Rs = 0.81), pain and musculoskeletal disorders (Rs = 0.59), and diarrhea and gastrointestinal disorders (Rs = 0.49). Corticosteroids were administered to 64.6% of the patients. Despite emergency interventions, 8.3% of patients succumbed to irAEs, while 33.3% resumed ICI therapy after hospitalization.

Conclusions
Emergency hospitalization due to irAEs is a considerable concern in ICI therapy, occurring in 9.5% of treated patients. The high incidence of severe irAEs within the first 3 months of treatment underscores the need for early and vigilant monitoring. This study highlights the importance of recognizing and promptly managing irAEs to improve patient outcomes. Future strategies should focus on developing comprehensive management frameworks and enhancing patient and caregiver education to recognize symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention.
From shared experiences of gendered racism to converging interpretations? Exploring the formation of a decolonial standpoint by women of Moroccan descent in postcolonial France
Authors: Sahraoui Nina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article invites a dialogue between decolonial perspectives on diasporas and feminist standpoint theories by exploring processes of standpoint formation by women of Moroccan descent who grew up in postcolonial France. The article draws on 18 interviews with women aged in their 20s to their 40s, as well as a long-term engagement with these questions through ‘patchwork ethnography’. While emphasising that these women were neither exposed to identical experiences nor have the same worldviews, the article shows that they have navigated a set of shared experiences that pertain to their social position and that they are thus aware of the manifestations in their everyday lives and of the workings of gendered and racialised social hierarchies that affect them. The article explores participants’ experiences of racism and of its gendered inflections; the formation of ‘shared angles of visions’ (Hill Collins, 1997) around specific issues as a result; and finally, participants’ assessments of the different terms used to describe them in public and in everyday discourses. The article seeks to contribute to thinking through empirically the formation of an epistemological standpoint at the crossroads of feminist and decolonial approaches.
Clinical outcomes after emergency transarterial renal embolization: a retrospective study
Authors: Grange Rémi , Magand Nicolas , Lutz Noémie , Lanoiselee Julien , Leroy Stéphanie , Boutet Claire , Grange Sylvain 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies on emergency transarterial embolization (TAE) of renal arterial injuries are rare. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after emergency transarterial renal embolization.

Material and methods
Between January 1st, 2013 and January 1st, 2024, all consecutive patients treated for renal arterial injuries by TAE in emergency settings were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, biological and angiographic data were recorded. The inclusion criteria were all patients ≥ 18-years-old treated by emergency TAE for renal vascular injury. Clinical success was defined as the resolution of bleeding signs without the need for repeat TAE, surgery, death related to massive blood loss during this period, without functional impairment (> 50% of parenchyma volume or onset of chronic kidney disease) following TAE.

Results
During the inclusion period, 79 procedures were performed. The median age was 60[39–73] years old. On preoperative CT, ≥ 1 pseudoaneurysm was detected in 36(45.6%) patients, and active bleeding in 47(65.8%) patients. The preoperative median haemoglobin rate was 8.9[7.6–11] g/dl, and 37(46.8%) patients required red blood cell transfusions. The main aetiologies of arterial injury were blunt trauma (n = 19) and renal biopsy (n = 17). No severe adverse events were reported. Clinical success was reported in 74(93.7%) of the procedures. Three (3.8%) repeat embolizations were required, and were clinically successful. During the median follow-up of 7[1.5–35.5] months, 9(11.4%) patients died, of which 5(6.3%) occurred within 30 days.

Conclusion
The present study reports high clinical success, low complications and low rebleeding rates of emergency renal TAE.
Integrated safety analysis of tofacitinib from Phase 2 and 3 trials of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Deodhar Atul , Akar Servet , Curtis Jeffrey R. , El-Zorkany Bassel , Magrey Marina , Wang Cunshan , Wu Joseph , Makgoeng Solomon B. , Vranic Ivana , Menon Sujatha , Fleishaker Dona L. , Diehl Annette M. , Fallon Lara , Yndestad Arne , Landewé Robert B. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Describe tofacitinib safety from an integrated analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Method
Pooled data from Phase 2 (NCT01786668; 04/2013–03/2015)/Phase 3 (NCT03502616; 06/2018–08/2020) RCTs in AS patients were analyzed (3 overlapping cohorts): 16-week placebo-controlled (tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily [BID] [n = 185]; placebo [n = 187]); 48-week only-tofacitinib 5 mg BID (n = 316); 48-week all-tofacitinib (≥ 1 dose of tofacitinib 2, 5, or 10 mg BID; n = 420). Baseline 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was determined in patients without history of ASCVD (48-week cohorts). Adverse events (AEs)/AEs of special interest were evaluated/compared with findings from other tofacitinib programs (16 Phase 2/Phase 3 rheumatoid arthritis [RA]; 2 Phase 3 psoriatic arthritis [PsA] RCTs) and a real-world cohort of AS patients initiating biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (US MarketScan).

Results
Most patients (> 75%; 48-week cohorts) without history of ASCVD had low baseline 10-year ASCVD risk. One patient (tofacitinib 5 mg BID; in all 3 cohorts) had a serious infection (aseptic meningitis). Herpes zoster (non-serious) occurred in the 48-week only-tofacitinib 5 mg BID (n = 5 [1.6%]) and all-tofacitinib (n = 7 [1.7%]; one multi-dermatomal [tofacitinib 10 mg BID]) cohorts. No deaths, opportunistic infections, tuberculosis, malignancies, major adverse cardiovascular events, thromboembolic events, gastrointestinal perforations occurred. Limitations: short RCT durations/low patient numbers within cohorts.

Conclusion
Tofacitinib 5 mg BID was well tolerated to 48 weeks in AS patients; safety profile was consistent with RA/PsA clinical programs and a cohort of AS patients from US routine clinical practice.

Clinical trial registration numbers
NCT01786668 (2013-02-06); NCT03502616 (2018-04-11).