bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of the unusual digestive tract ofPlatax orbicularisand the potential impact ofTenacibaculum maritimuminfection
Authors: Alix Maud , Gasset Eric , Bardon-Albaret Agnes , Noel Jean , Pirot Nelly , Perez Valérie , Coves Denis , Saulnier Denis , Lignot Jehan-Hervé , Cucchi Patricia N. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundEphippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among themPlatax orbicularishas a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due toTenacibaculum maritimuminfection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ inP. orbicularisis still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infectedP. orbicularisjuveniles to then investigate the impact ofT. maritimumon this multifunctional organ.MethodsIn the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged byT. maritimumwere analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference.ResultsThe overlapped shape of the GIT ofP. orbicularisis probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections usingin totohistology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged withT. maritimumexhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.
Fimbriimonadia
Authors: Quan Zhe‐Xue , Im Wan‐Taek 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Fim.bri.i.mo.na'dia. N.L. fem. n.
Fimbriimonas
type genus of the type order of the class; suff. ‐
ia
, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Fimbriimonadia
the class of the order
Fimbriimonadales
.

Armatimonadetes / Fimbriimonadia

The delineation of the class of the
Fimbriimonadia
is based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The class belongs to the phylum
Armatimonadetes
, and is currently represented by a single order (
Fimbriimonadales
) with a single family (
Fimbriimonadaceae
) and a single genus (
Fimbriimonas
). The class
Fimbriimonadia
encompasses bacteria and related 16S rRNA gene sequences mainly from soil habitats, freshwater habitats, aerobic or anaerobic sludges, and hot springs.
Thermogemmatisporaceae
Authors: Yabe Shuhei , Yokota Akira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Ther.mo.gem.ma.ti.spo.ra.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Thermogemmatispora
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermogemmatisporaceae
the
Thermogemmatispora
family.

Chloroflexi / Ktedonobacteria / Thermogemmatisporales / Thermogemmatisporaceae

The family
Thermogemmatisporaceae
contains only one genus (
Thermogemmatispora
), which has five species with validly published names. Members of the family comprise aerobic, thermophilic, Gram‐positive bacteria showing branched vegetative and aerial mycelia, and formation of spores by budding on the aerial mycelia. Oxidase‐positive, catalase‐positive. The family
Thermogemmatisporaceae
is circumscribed herein on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Members of the family were isolated from sediments or leaves deposited on geothermally heated soil. Phylogenetic relevance of the members and detailed description are the same as for the genus
Thermogemmatispora
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.1–63.1.

Type genus
:
Thermogemmatispora
Yabe et al. 2011.
Thermogemmatisporales
Authors: Yabe Shuhei , Yokota Akira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Ther.mo.gem.ma.ti.spo.ra'les. N.L. fem. n.
Thermogemmatispora
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermogemmatisporales
the order of the genus
Thermogemmatispora
.

Chloroflexi / Ktedonobacteria / Thermogemmatisporales

The order
Thermogemmatisporales
contains only one genus (
Thermogemmatispora
), which has five species with validly published names. Members of the order comprise aerobic, thermophilic, Gram‐stain‐positive bacteria with branched vegetative and aerial mycelia and formation of spores by budding on the aerial mycelia. Oxidase‐positive, catalase‐positive. The order
Thermogemmatisporales
is circumscribed herein on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Members of the order were isolated from sediments or leaves deposited on geothermally heated soil. Phylogenetic relevance of the members and detailed description are the same as for the genus
Thermogemmatispora
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.1–63.1.

Type genus
:
Thermogemmatispora
Yabe et al. 2011.
Comparison of VMAT complexity‐reduction strategies for single‐target cranial radiosurgery with the Eclipse treatment planning system
Authors: Lobb Eric C. , Degnan Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComplexity in MLC‐based radiosurgery treatment delivery can be characterized by the efficiency of monitor unit (MU) utilization and the average MLC leaf separation distance for a treatment plan. A reduction in plan complexity may be desirable if plan quality is not impacted. In this study, a number of strategies are explored to determine how plan quality is affected by efforts to reduce plan complexity. Ten radiosurgery cases of varying complexity are retrospectively planned using six optimization strategies: an unconstrained volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique, a MU‐constrained VMAT technique, three techniques using various strengths of the aperture shape controller (ASC), and a hybrid technique consisting of a final‐stage VMAT optimization applied to a dynamic conformal arc leaf sequence (ODCA). The plans are compared in terms of MU efficiency, MLC leaf‐separation, conformity index (CI), gradient index (GI), and QA measurement results. The five VMAT techniques exhibited only minor differences in CI and GI values, though the ASC and MU‐constrained techniques did require 6–20% fewer MU and had mean field apertures 5–19% larger. On average, the ODCA technique had CI values 3.5% lower and GI values 1.0–2.5% higher than the VMAT techniques, but also had a mean field aperture 24–47% larger and required 16–32% fewer MU. The QA measurement results showed a 0.61% variation in mean per‐field 2%/1 mm gamma passing rates across all techniques (range 96.81%–97.42%), with no observed correlation between passing rate and technique. For simple targets, the ODCA technique achieved CI results that were equivalent to the unconstrained VMAT technique with an average 30% reduction in required MU, an average 50% increase in mean leaf separation distance, and brain V12Gy values within 0.38 cc of the VMAT technique for targets up to approximately 2 cm diameter. For MLC‐based single‐target radiosurgery, plan complexity can often be significantly reduced without an equivalent reduction in plan quality.
Organic Thin Film Transistors in Mechanical Sensors
Authors: Lamport Zachary A. , Cavallari Marco Roberto , Kam Kevin A. , McGinn Christine K. , Yu Caroline , Kymissis Ioannis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe marriage of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) and flexible mechanical sensors has enabled previously restricted applications to become a reality. Counterintuitively, the addition of an OTFT at each sensing element can reduce the overall complexity so that large‐area, low‐noise sensors can be fabricated. The best‐performing instance of this is the active matrix, used in display applications for many of the same reasons, and nearly any type of flexible mechanical sensor can be incorporated into these structures. In this Progress Report, some of the flexible sensor devices that have taken advantage of these mechanical properties are highlighted, examining the advantages that OTFTs offer in the hybrid integration of local amplification and switching. In particular, the current research on resistive pressure sensors, capacitive pressure sensors, resistive or piezoresistive strain sensors, and piezoelectric sensors is identified and enumerated.
Polymer Electrochromism Driven by Metabolic Activity Facilitates Rapid and Facile Bacterial Detection and Susceptibility Evaluation
Authors: Wu Jiayingzi , Zhu Yifan , You Liyan , Dong Pu‐Ting , Mei Jianguo , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe electrochromism of a water‐soluble naturally oxidized electrochromic polymer, ox‐PPE, is harnessed for rapid and facile bacterial detection, discrimination, and susceptibility testing. The ox‐PPE solution shows distinct colorimetric and spectroscopic changes within 30 min when mixed with live bacteria. For the underlying mechanism, it is found that ox‐PPE responds to the reducing species (e.g., cysteine and glutathione) released by metabolically active bacteria. This reduction reaction is ubiquitous among various bacterial strains, with a noticeable difference that enables discrimination of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacterial strains. Combining ox‐PPE with antibiotics, methicillin‐susceptible and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus can be differentiated within 2.5 h. Proof‐of‐concept demonstration of ox‐PPE for antimicrobial susceptibility testing is carried out by incubating Escherichia coli with various antibiotics. The obtained minimum inhibition concentrations are consistent with the conventional culture‐based methods, but with the procedure time significantly shortened to 3 h.
Self‐Bondable and Stretchable Conductive Composite Fibers with Spatially Controlled Percolated Ag Nanoparticle Networks: Novel Integration Strategy for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Kwon Chaebeen , Seong Duhwan , Ha Jeongdae , Chun Dongwon , Bae Jee‐Hwan , Yoon Kukro , Lee Minkyu , Woo Janghoon , Won Chihyeong , Lee Seungmin , Mei Yongfeng , Jang Kyung‐In , Son Donghee , Lee Taeyoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdvances in electronic textiles (E‐textiles) for next‐generation wearable electronics have originated from making a balance between electrical and mechanical properties of stretchy conductive fibers. Despite such progress, the trade‐off issue is still a challenge when individual fibers are woven and/or stretched undesirably. Time‐consuming fiber weaving has limited practical uses in scalable E‐textiles. Here, a facile method is presented to fabricate ultra‐stretchable Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs)/polyurethane (PU) hybrid conductive fibers by modulating solvent diffusion accompanied by in situ chemical reduction and adopting a tough self‐healing polymer (T‐SHP) as an encapsulation layer. First, the controlled diffusivity determines how formation of AgNPs is spatially distributed inside the fiber. Specifically, when a solvent with large molecular weight is used, the percolated AgNP networks exhibit the highest conductivity (30 485 S cm−1) even at 300% tensile strain and durable stretching cyclic performance without severe cracks by virtue of the efficient strain energy dissipation of T‐SHP encapsulation layers. The self‐bondable properties of T‐SHP encapsulated fibers enables self‐weavable interconnects. Using the new integration, mechanical and electrical durability of the self‐bonded fiber interconnects are demonstrated while stretching biaxially. Furthermore, the self‐bonding assembly is further visualized via fabrication of a complex structured E‐textile.
State of the Art and Perspectives of Hierarchical Zeolites: Practical Overview of Synthesis Methods and Use in Catalysis
Authors: Kerstens Dorien , Smeyers Brent , Van Waeyenberg Jonathan , Zhang Qiang , Yu Jihong , Sels Bert F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicroporous zeolites have proven to be of great importance in many chemical processes. Yet, they often suffer from diffusion limitations causing inefficient use of the available catalytically active sites. To address this problem, hierarchical zeolites have been developed, which extensively improve the catalytic performance. There is a multitude of recent literature describing synthesis of and catalysis with these hierarchical zeolites. This review attempts to organize and overview this literature (of the last 5 years), with emphasis on the most important advances with regard to synthesis and application of such zeolites. Special attention is paid to the most common and important 10‐ and 12‐membered ring zeolites (MTT, TON, FER, MFI, MOR, FAU, and *BEA). In contrast to previous reviews, the research per zeolite topology is brought together and discussed here. This allows the reader to instantly find the best synthesis method in accordance to the desired zeolite properties. A summarizing graph is made available to enable the reader to select suitable synthesis procedures based on zeolite acidity and mesoporosity, the two most important tunable properties.
Enhancing the Long‐Term Robustness of Dropwise Condensation on Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Introducing 3D Conical Microtextures Prepared by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Long Jiangyou , Zhou Peiyang , Huang Yajun , Xie Xiaozhu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAchieving sustainable dropwise condensation is still a challenge for the industrial applications of bio‐inspired superhydrophobic surfaces in the field of phase‐change heat transfer. In this work, 3D conical microtextures covered by various nanostructures are prepared by utilizing femtosecond laser micromachining and solid–liquid reactions, where the introduction of 3D conical microtextures affected both the early distribution and the subsequent coalescence and departure of condensed droplets. Due to the growth and coalescence of condensed droplets, some merged droplets cannot depart from the surfaces due to the pinning effect caused by the localized micro‐defects of imperfect nanoscale morphology or chemical heterogeneity, thus resulting in the generation of large pinned droplets. The introduction of 3D conical microtextures helps with the departure of these pinned droplets due to the enhanced Laplace expulsion of conical morphology, which inhibits the increase of large droplets and maintains stable dropwise condensation. The results provide an engineering feasible approach to enhance the long‐term robustness of dropwise condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces, thus benefiting the optimal design of practical bio‐inspired superhydrophobic surfaces.
Coating‐Mediated Nanomechanical Behaviors of CuO Electrodes in Li‐ and Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Shuaishuai , Liu Huihui , Zheng He , Jia Shuangfeng , Chen Guoxujia , Jiang Renhui , Li Lei , Zhao Ligong , Zhao Dongshan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurface coating strategy has been proved essential for mitigating the large volume change in the electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), thus improving the cyclability and working efficiency of batteries. However, the mechanical instability of electrode generated by incorporating heterostructure interface between the coating and core materials remains largely unexplored. Here, the effects of carbon and gold coatings on the nanomechanical properties of CuO nanowires (NWs) are investigated based on the in situ experiments during the electrochemical reactions. It is found that the NW deformability is mediated by the coating materials as well as the reaction speed. Besides, the inhomogeneity between coating and core materials can promote the crack propagation in the lithiated/sodiated CuO/C NWs and sodiated CuO/Au NWs. Further study indicates that the namomechanical behaviors also depend on the different reaction stages, e.g., lithiation/sodiation or delithiation/desodiation. This work serves as a guidance for building better ion batteries not only with improved electrochemical properties but enhanced mechanical stabilities.
Emergency Food Provision for Children and Families during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Examples from Five U.S. Cities
Authors: Jablonski Becca B.R. , Casnovsky Joy , Clark Jill K. , Cleary Rebecca , Feingold Beth , Freedman Darcy , Gray Steven , Romeiko Xiaobo , Olabisi Laura Schmitt , Torres Mariana , van den Berg Alexandra E. , Walsh Colleen , Wentworth Chelsea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs lockdown and school closure policies were implemented in response to the coronavirus, the federal government provided funding and relaxed its rules to support emergency food provision, but not guidance on best practices for effectiveness. Accordingly, cities developed a diverse patchwork of emergency feeding programs. This article uses qualitative data to provide insight into emergency food provision developed in five cities to serve children and families. Based on our qualitative analysis, we find that the effectiveness of local approaches appears to depend on: (i) cross‐sector collaboration, (ii) supply chains, and (iii) addressing gaps in service to increased risk populations.
Wilderness Medicine Education in the Time of Social Distancing and COVID‐19
Authors: Hill Adam D. , Pasik Sara D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWilderness medicine (WM) education has traditionally been conducted as in‐person training. The current COVID‐19 pandemic has forced medical schools to cancel clerkships and clinical electives and pivot to remote education. With online media modalities, it is possible to conduct a WM student elective remotely. The use of recorded audio lectures, instructional videos, choice‐based simulations, and video conferencing allows students access to nearly all necessary content under the guidance of instructors. Although hands‐on practicums are still essential to WM education, the process outlined here enables a temporary alternative during the time of necessary social distancing.
Feasibility of fecal microbiota transplantation via oral gavage to safely alter gut microbiome composition in marmosets
Authors: Ross Corinna N. , Reveles Kelly R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisruption of microbial communities within human hosts has been associated with infection, obesity, cognitive decline, cancer risk and frailty, suggesting that microbiome‐targeted therapies may be an option for improving healthspan and lifespan. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of delivering fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) to marmosets via oral gavage and to evaluate if alteration of the gut microbiome post‐FMT could be achieved. This was a prospective study of marmosets housed at the Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies in San Antonio, Texas. Eligible animals included healthy young adult males (age 2–5 years) with no recent medication use. Stool from two donors was combined and administered in 0.5 ml doses to five young recipients once weekly for 3 weeks. Safety outcomes and alterations in the gut microbiome composition via 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were compared at baseline and monthly up to 6 months post‐FMT. Overall, significant differences in the percent relative abundance was seen in FMT recipients at the phylum and family levels from baseline to 1 month and baseline to 6 months post‐FMT. In permutational multivariate analysis of variance analyses, treatment status (donor vs. recipient) (p = .056) and time course (p = .019) predicted β diversity (p = .056). The FMT recipients did not experience any negative health outcomes over the course of the treatment. FMT via oral gavage was safe to administer to young adult marmosets. The marmoset microbiome may be altered by FMT; however, progressive changes in the microbiome are strongly driven by the host and its baseline microbiome composition.
Interfacing Living and Synthetic Cells as an Emerging Frontier in Synthetic Biology
Authors: Elani Yuval 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe construction of artificial cells from inanimate molecular building blocks is one of the grand challenges of our time. In addition to being used as simplified cell models to decipher the rules of life, artificial cells have the potential to be designed as micromachines deployed in a host of clinical and industrial applications. The attractions of engineering artificial cells from scratch, as opposed to re‐engineering living biological cells, are varied. However, it is clear that artificial cells cannot currently match the power and behavioural sophistication of their biological counterparts. Given this, many in the synthetic biology community have started to ask: is it possible to interface biological and artificial cells together to create hybrid living/synthetic systems that leverage the advantages of both? This article will discuss the motivation behind this cellular bionics approach, in which the boundaries between living and non‐living matter are blurred by bridging top‐down and bottom‐up synthetic biology. It details the state of play of this nascent field and introduces three generalised hybridisation modes that have emerged.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 1‐Aryl Benzo[5]helicenes Using BINOL‐Derived Cationic Phosphonites as Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Redero Pablo , Hartung Thierry , Zhang Jianwei , Nicholls Leo D. M. , Zichen Guo , Simon Martin , Golz Christopher , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of unprecedented BINOL‐derived cationic phosphonites is described. Through the use of these phosphanes as ancillary ligands in AuI catalysis, a highly regio‐ and enantioselective assembly of appropriately designed alkynes into 1‐(aryl)benzo[5]carbohelicenes is achieved. The modular synthesis of these ligands and the enhanced reactivity that they impart to AuI‐centers after coordination have been found to be the key features that allow an optimization of the reaction conditions until the desired benzo[5]helicenes are obtained with high yield and enantioselectivity.
Metal–Organic Framework Derived Bimetallic Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Sanati Soheila , Abazari Reza , Albero Josep , Morsali Ali , García Hermenegildo , Liang Zibin , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSupercapacitors (SCs), showing excellent power density, long service life, and high reversibility, have received great attention because of the increasing demand for energy storage devices. To further improve their performance, it is essential to develop advanced electrode materials. One group of materials, porous crystalline solids referred to as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have proved to be excellent templates for synthesizing functional materials to be employed in the preparation of electrodes for SCs. In comparison to monometallic MOFs, bimetallic MOFs and their derivatives offer a number of advantages, including tunable electrochemical activity, high charge capacity, and improved electrical conductivity. This review focuses on the use of MOF‐derived bimetallic materials in SCs, the origin of the improved performance, and the latest developments in the field. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives in this research area are discussed.