bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of hesperidin against N,N′‐dimethylhydrazine induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic response in the colon of Wistar rats
Authors: Afzal Shekh Mohammad , Vafa Abul , Rashid Summya , Barnwal Preeti , Shahid Ayaz , Shree Alpa , Islam Johirul , Ali Nemat , Sultana Sarwat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHesperidin (HD), a citrus bioflavonoid possesses a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic and anti‐carcinogenic properties. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HD treatment on N,N′‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and goblet cell disintegration in the colon of Wistar rats. Administration of HD was done at two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) orally to rats daily for 14 days followed by a single subcutaneous injection of DMH (40 mg/kg body weight) on the 14th day and next day animals were sacrificed. The protective potential of HD against colon toxicity was measured through membrane oxidation, antioxidant status, inflammatory and apoptotic markers expression, and histological changes. Results demonstrated that HD inhibited DMH mediated oxidative damage by diminishing the level of peroxidation of lipids and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione‐s‐transferase, and glutathione reductase. Moreover, HD attenuated inflammatory (NF‐кB, IL‐6, and COX‐2) and apoptotic (p38‐MAPK, p53, and caspase‐3) markers expression. HD also attenuated the DMH induced goblet cell disintegration and restored histoarchitecture of the colon. The results of the present study demonstrate that HD efficiently protects against DMH induced colon toxicity by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Applications of Google Earth Engine in fluvial geomorphology for detecting river channel change
Authors: Boothroyd Richard J. , Williams Richard D. , Hoey Trevor B. , Barrett Brian , Prasojo Octria A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCloud‐based computing, access to big geospatial data, and virtualization, whereby users are freed from computational hardware and data management logistics, could revolutionize remote sensing applications in fluvial geomorphology. Analysis of multitemporal, multispectral satellite imagery has provided fundamental geomorphic insight into the planimetric form and dynamics of large river systems, but information derived from these applications has largely been used to test existing concepts in fluvial geomorphology, rather than for generating new concepts or theories. Traditional approaches (i.e., desktop computing) have restricted the spatial scales and temporal resolutions of planimetric river channel change analyses. Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud‐based computing platform for planetary‐scale geospatial analyses, offers the opportunity to relieve these spatiotemporal restrictions. We summarize the big geospatial data flows available to fluvial geomorphologists within the GEE data catalog, focus on approaches to look beyond mapping wet channel extents and instead map the wider riverscape (i.e., water, sediment, vegetation) and its dynamics, and explore the unprecedented spatiotemporal scales over which GEE analyses can be applied. We share a demonstration workflow to extract active river channel masks from a section of the Cagayan River (Luzon, Philippines) then quantify centerline migration rates from multitemporal data. By enabling fluvial geomorphologists to take their algorithms to petabytes worth of data, GEE is transformative in enabling deterministic science at scales defined by the user and determined by the phenomena of interest. Equally as important, GEE offers a mechanism for promoting a cultural shift toward open science, through the democratization of access and sharing of reproducible code.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water
Removal of hazardous dye from aqueous media using low‐cost peanut (Arachis hypogaea) shells as adsorbents
Authors: Herbert Arpan , Kumar Upendra , Janardhan Prashanth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present article, an attempt is made for simple, low‐cost, and efficient removal of Auramine dye using peanut (Arachis hypogaea) shells as adsorbents. Two different forms of adsorbents distilled water washed peanut shells (DPS) and NaOH treated peanut shells (NPS) were used as adsorbents. Both the adsorbents were studied using BET, pHPZC, FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD characterization techniques. Adsorption parameters such as effect of contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature were also assessed. Isotherm analysis at optimum conditions showed Langmuir fitted better with a qm value of 96.15 mg/g for DPS and 294.12 mg/g for NPS; while in kinetic analysis, pseudo‐second order was superior. Thermodynamics study stated that adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Overall outcomes establish that the two forms of peanut shells, DPS, and NPS were excellent in removal of Auramine dye and are low cost also as preparation cost of DPS and NPS is 68.73 INR and 106.19 INR per kg, respectively.Practitioner points

Removal of Auramine dye from aqueous media using different forms of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) shells as adsorbents is discussed.
qm (Langmuir) using DPS and NPS were found to be 96.15 and 294.12 mg/g, respectively.
Preparation cost of DPS was 68.73 INR per 1 kg, whereas for NPS it was 106.19 INR per 1 kg.
Thermodynamic entropy of a magnetized Ree‐Eyring particle‐fluid motion with irreversibility process: A mathematical paradigm
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir , Abdelsalam Sara I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the entropy generation and irreversibility process under the effects of partial slip on magnetic dusty liquid induced by peristaltic wave through a porous channel. The Ree‐Eyring fluid model has been used for a governing flow. Mathematical modelling is based on Ohm's law, continuity equation, Darcy law and momentum equation. Analytical solutions are presented for fluid and particle phase. The effects of different pertinent parameters are considered for Newtonian and non‐Newtonian cases. Numerical integration has been carried out using a computational software to analyse the pumping characteristics. The behaviour of velocity profile, trapping mechanism, entropy generation, Bejan number, temperature distribution, and pressure rise are investigated. From the obtained results, it is noticed that entropy generation and Bejan number enhanced due to the presence of Brinkman number as well as with the strong influence of non‐Newtonian effects. The presence of particles in the fluid decelerates the flow. The magnetic and fluid parameter perform in a similar manner on peristaltic pumping. The temperature profile shows increasing behaviour against higher values of Brinkman number and magnetic field. The present analysis presents different interesting results that help examine dusty fluid with other rheological working fluid models. This work is also applicable in smart fluid pumping systems in aerospace and nuclear industry as well as peristaltic electromagnetic micro‐pumps in bio‐medical engineering.
Entscheidungskriterien und Patientencharakteristika zur patientenorientierten Therapie der Feldkanzerisierung
Authors: Philipp-Dormston W. G. , Aschoff R. , von Braunmühl T. , Eigentler T. , Haalck T. , Thoms K.-M. 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aktinische Keratosen (AK) zeichnen sich durch einen chronischen Verlauf aus, und häufig ist ein ganzes Hautareal betroffen (Feldkanzerisierung). Die patientenindividuelle Abwägung therapiespezifischer Vor- und Nachteile einer feldgerichteten Therapie ist herausfordernd.

Fragestellung
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Entwicklung und Evaluierung patientenorientierter Entscheidungskriterien, die sich für die pragmatische Einordnung einer AK-Feldtherapie im Behandlungsalltag bei Patienten mit besonderer Prädisposition zur Feldkanzerisierung eignen (Patiententyp 1 bis 3).

Material und Methoden
Die Entwicklung der Entscheidungskriterien und der Patiententypologie erfolgte im Rahmen eines nominalen bzw. strukturierten Multi-level-Gruppenprozesses. Anhand der patientenrelevanten Entscheidungskriterien, der verfügbaren Evidenz aus klinischen Studien und entlang der Patiententypologie wurde ein Bewertungsalgorithmus etabliert, und feldgerichtete AK-Therapieoptionen wurden systematisch evaluiert.

Ergebnisse
Als patientenrelevante Kriterien für die Therapieentscheidung wurden u. a. Effektivität, Sicherheit, Praktikabilität der Therapie, Adhärenz, Kosmetik, Patientenpräferenz und Komorbiditäten identifiziert und näher spezifiziert. In Bezug auf diese Entscheidungskriterien und Patiententypen, bei denen eine Feldtherapie vorrangig indiziert ist, erfüllte die photodynamische Therapie mit Tageslicht das therapiebezogene Anforderungsprofil in besonderem Maße.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Definition von patientenrelevanten und therapiebezogenen Entscheidungskriterien in der AK-Feldtherapie erlaubt eine strukturierte und gleichzeitig praxisorientierte Herangehensweise, um spezifische Therapieoptionen einzuordnen und individuelle Therapieentscheidungen herzuleiten.
Anaerobic benzene mineralization by natural microbial communities from Niger Delta
Authors: Eziuzor Samuel C. , Schmidt Matthias , Vogt Carsten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Niger Delta is one of the most damaged ecosystems in the world, mainly due to petroleum contamination by oil exploration accidents. We investigated the natural attenuation potential of Niger Delta subsurface sediment samples for anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation using benzene as a model compound under iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Benzene was slowly mineralized under methanogenic and iron-reducing conditions using nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-Fe(III), or poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxyhydroxides as electron acceptors, analyzed by measurement of13CO2produced from added13C-labelled benzene. Highest mineralization rates were observed in microcosms amended with Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. The microbial communities of benzene-mineralizing enrichment cultures were characterized by next-generation sequencing of the genes coding for 16S rRNA and methyl coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA). Abundant phylotypes were affiliated to Betaproteobacteriales, Ignavibacteriales, Desulfuromonadales, and Methanosarcinales of the genera Methanosarcina and Methanothrix, illustrating that the enriched benzene-mineralizing communities were diverse and may contain more than a single benzene degrader. The diversity of the microbial communities was furthermore confirmed by scanning helium-ion microscopy which revealed the presence of various rod-shaped as well as filamentous microbial morphotypes.
Can There be Given Any Meaning to Contextuality Without Incompatibility?
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOur aim is to compare the fundamental notions of quantum physics - contextuality vs. incompatibility. One has to distinguish two different notions of contextuality,Bohr-contextualityandBell-contextuality. The latter is defined operationally via violation of noncontextuality (Bell type) inequalities. This sort of contextuality will be compared with incompatibility. It is easy to show that, for quantum observables, there isno contextuality without incompatibility.The natural question arises: What is contextuality without incompatibility? (What is “dry-residue”?) Generally this is the very complex question. We concentrated on contextuality for four quantum observables. We shown that, for “natural quantum observables” ,contextuality is reduced to incompatibility.But, generally contextuality without incompatibility may have some physical content. We found a mathematical constraint extracting the contextuality component from incompatibility. However, the physical meaning of this constraint is not clear. In Appendix 1, we briefly discuss another sort of contextuality based on Bohr’s contextuality-incompatibility principle. Bohr-contextuality plays the crucial role in quantum foundations. Incompatibility is, in fact, a consequence of Bohr-contextuality. Finally, we remark that outside of physics, e.g., in cognitive psychology and decision making Bell-contextuality distilled of incompatibility can play the important role.
Bridging of different sites by bohemians and tourists: analysis by agent-based simulation
Authors: Horiuchi Shiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndividuals often aggregate in areas of high density where they can form profitable social networks. Individuals of few resources cannot manage the high costs of density and are displaced into areas of low density. The lifestyle of bohemian and tourist may increase the profits of all parties and shrink inequalities among sites. Since these lifestyles are possible only for the rich, this phenomenon may further expand inequality. To test the effects of the lifestyle of bohemian and tourist on inequality, we run an agent-based simulation (ABS) in which some agents (individuals) select only their residence sites (singular) and others select two sites for their residence and visits (dual), paying additive costs. The ABS demonstrates that when we increase the number of duals, all agents gain higher profits, and inequalities among agents of different sites decrease. The ABS also demonstrates that any agent evolves to a dual when the costs of density and travel are small. Further research could consider the possibility of the dual lifestyle by conducting studies on groups of bohemians and tourists.
Usage of Ti-surface-modified filler material to increase the joint strength of High-Strength Low Alloyed (HSLA) steels under different load types
Authors: Treutler Kai , Wesling Volker 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWelding-related loss of strength, especially in the case of fatigue, significantly reduces the range of applications for high-strength fine-grained structural steels. In order to counteract this situation, the aim of the work is to increase the strength of welded joints made of high-strength fine-grained structural steels by using coated welding consumables. This is described using the example of a titanium coating for quasi-static and abrupt dynamic load and fatigue. The thermomechanical rolled fine-grained structural steel S700MC is used as the base material, using a welding filler of the same type. MAG welding was used to produce the fillet welds on a T-joint. In addition to tensile tests at four different load speeds up to 2 m/s, the results of fatigue tests are presented. In addition, the microstructure of the weld seams is examined by metallographic methods and the scanning electron microscope. A comparison with two joints from an unmodified variant and another steel grade with comparable properties (S690QL) serves to classify the results. It is shown that the use of modified filler metals has a significant influence on the overall strength of the welded joint due to the rounding of the weld toe. Thus, the fatigue strength can be increased by around 50%. In addition, the strength under sudden dynamic load can be increased by 10%.
Effects of oral supplementation with organically modified clinoptilolite during prepartum period on colostrum quality in primiparous dairy cows
Authors: Stojić Milica , Ilić Vesna , Kovačić Marijana , Gvozdić Dragan , Stajković Silvana , Vejnović Branislav , Savić Olivera , Fratrić Natalija 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that an oral supplementation with organically modified clinoptilolite will improve colostrum quality in primiparous dairy cows whilst having no adverse effects on the cows' health. A total of 36 pregnant Holstein primiparous dairy cattle were randomly assigned to receive daily oral drenching, two hours following morning feeding, with 1 l of water containing either 0 g/l (n = 16) or 150 g/l (n = 20) of clinoptilolite. Treatment lasted from 24 ± 4 d prior to expected parturition until two days postpartum (pp). Colostrum was collected at 2 to 3 h, 12, 24 and 36 h pp and blood samples were collected at 24 ± 4 and 4 ± 2 d prior to parturition and 1, 2 and 7 d pp. Overall mean dry matter, fat and total protein percentage as well as IgG concentration and mass were significantly greater in colostrum collected from cattle drenched with clinoptilolite (total protein increased by 15% and IgG concentration and mass by 21 and 38% respectively at first sampling and further at second sampling). Total γ globulin and most other blood serum biochemistry parameters did not differ between cattle treated and not treated with clinoptilolite, the only exception being the fast anionic γ globulin fraction that was 17% greater at 4 ± 2 d prior to parturition and 10% lower on the 1st day pp in treated cattle. These results showed that organically modified oral clinoptilolite supplementation at 150 g/d significantly increases the IgG concentration in colostrum and has no adverse effects on the energy status, protein, lipid, and mineral metabolism in primiparous dairy cattle during prepartum period.
The Idea of Moral Duties to History
Authors: Smilansky Saul 
Published: December 2020

History is, indeed, little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind.Edward Gibbon,The Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireI argue that there are duties that can be called ‘Moral duties due to history’ or, in short, ‘Duties to History’ (DTH). My claim is not the familiar thought that we need to learn from history on how to live better in the present and going forward, but that history itself creates moral duties. In addition to those obligations we currently recognise in response to the present and the future, there also exist special obligations in response to the past. If convincing, this means that our lives ought to be guided, in part, not only by our obligations to the living but by our DTH. This is a surprising result, with significant and sometimes perplexing implications. My focus is on the obligations of individuals in the light of history rather than on collective duties.I argue that there are duties that can be called ‘Moral duties due to history’ or, in short, ‘Duties to History’ (DTH). My claim is not the familiar thought that we need to learn from history on how to live better in the present and going forward, but that history itself creates moral duties. In addition to those obligations we currently recognise in response to the present and the future, there also exist special obligations in response to the past; such as obligations to good people in the past, but going beyond them. If convincing, this means that our lives ought to be guided, in part, not only by our obligations to the living but by our DTH. This is a surprising result, with significant and sometimes perplexing implications. My focus is on the obligations of individuals in the light of history rather than on collective duties.
Bi-dimensional acculturation and depressive symptom trajectories from pregnancy to 1 year postpartum in marriage-based immigrant women in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Hung-Hui , Lai Jerry Cheng-Yen , Hwang Fang-Ming , Chien Li-Yin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildbirth may pose many challenges to the psychological well-being of marriage-based immigrant mothers in interracial marriages, who must negotiate bi-dimensional acculturation – adaptation to the host culture and maintenance of her own heritage culture. We examined the temporal relationships between bi-dimensional acculturation and depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 1 year postpartum among marriage-based immigrant mothers in Taiwan using the cross-lagged structural equation modeling.MethodsThis study recruited 310 immigrant mothers, who were examined in the second and third trimesters, and again at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postpartum from March 2013 to December 2015. Depressive symptoms and bi-dimensional acculturation were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Marriage-Based Immigrant Women, respectively.ResultsThe study found that adaptation to the host culture followed a downward linear trajectory, while maintenance of the mother's own heritage culture followed an upward linear trajectory from pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. All but one cross-lagged path between bi-dimensional acculturation and depressive symptoms was statistically insignificant, though almost all cross-sectional associations were significant. Adaptation to host culture was negatively associated with depressive symptoms at all time points. The association between maintenance of heritage culture and depressive symptoms reversed from positive to negative after 6 months postpartum.ConclusionsAdaptation to the host culture and maintenance of the mother's heritage culture differed in their associations with maternal depressive symptoms. Health professionals should assist immigrant mothers in adapting to the host culture while supporting their heritage culture in the childbearing period.
Understanding adolescent responses to differently worded suicide attempt questions: results from a large US pediatric sample
Authors: Hatkevich Claire , Grupp-Phelan Jacqueline , Brent David , Barney Bradley J. , Casper T. Charles , Melzer-Lange Marlene , Cwik Mary , King Cheryl A. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundClinical assessments are a primary method for ascertaining suicide risk, yet the language used across measures is inconsistent. The implications of these discrepancies for adolescent responding are unknown, which is troubling as multiple research areas (i.e. on culture, mental health language, and suicide communication) indicate individuals from varying sociodemographic backgrounds may communicate differently regarding mental health concerns. The aims of the current study are to investigate whether a geographically diverse sample of adolescents respond differently to directly and indirectly phrased suicide attempt questions (i.e. directly phrased includes the term ‘suicide’ and indirectly asks about suicidal behavior without using ‘suicide’), and to examine whether sociodemographic factors and history of mental health service usage relate to endorsement differences.MethodsParticipants wereN= 5909 adolescents drawn from the Emergency Department Screening for Teens at Risk for Suicide multi-site study. The lifetime suicide attempt was assessed with two items from an adapted version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS; Posner et al., 2008): (1) a directly phrased question asking about ‘suicide attempts’ and (2) an indirectly phrased question providing the definition of an attempt.ResultsAn adolescent majority (83.7%) consistently reported no lifetime suicide attempt across items, 10.1% consistently reported one or more lifetime attempts across items, and 6.2% of adolescents responded discordantly to the items.ConclusionsMultivariable models indicated multiple demographic and mental health service variables significantly predicted discordant responding, with a notable finding being that father/stepfather education level at or below high school education predicted endorsing only the direct question.