bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of the primary metabolome in 241 cold grownArabidopsis thalianaaccessions and its relation to natural habitat temperature
Authors: Weiszmann Jakob , Clauw Pieter , Jagoda Joanna , Reichardt-Gomez Ilka , Koemeda Stefanie , Jez Jakub , Nordborg Magnus , Walther Dirk , Nägele Thomas , Weckwerth Wolfram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present study, 241 natural accessions ofArabidopsis thalianawere grown under two different temperature regimes, 16 °C and 6 °C, and growth parameters were recorded together with metabolite profiles to investigate the natural variation in metabolic responses and growth rates. Primary metabolism and growth rates of accessions significantly differed between accessions and both growth conditions. Relative growth rates showed high correlations to specific metabolite pools. Metabolic distances based on whole metabolite profiles were built from principal component centroids between both growth setups. Genomic prediction using ridge-regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP) revealed a significant prediction accuracy of metabolite profiles in both conditions and metabolic distances, which suggests a tight relationship between genome and primary metabolome. GWAS analysis revealed significantly associated SNPs for a number of metabolites, especially for fumarate metabolism at low temperature. A highly significant correlation was observed between metabolic distances and maximum temperature in the original growth habitat between January and March. Inverse data-driven modelling revealed that metabolic pathway regulation and metabolic reaction elasticities distinguish accessions originating from warm and cold growth habitats.
Traditional practices, knowledge and perceptions of fire use in a West African savanna parkland
Authors: Amoako Esther Ekua , Gambiza James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding people’s fire practices, knowledge and perceptions of the use of fire and fire regimes can inform fire management plans that could contribute to sustainable savanna conservation and management. We investigated the frequency of fire use, control and perceptions of fire regime for selected livelihood and socio-cultural activities in six districts in the Guinea savanna of Ghana. The majority of respondents (83%) across the study districts indicated that they used fire once a year for at least one of the following activities: land preparation, weed/grass/pest control, burning stubble after harvest, bush clearing around homesteads, firebreaks, charcoal burning and hunting. The study showed a higher frequency of fire use in the dry season for land preparation for cropping. Less than a fifth of the respondents (17%) indicated that they do not use fire for any of the above activities. The majority of respondents (62%) across the districts mentioned that they controlled their use of fire to prevent destruction to property, with the remaining 3% who indicated the prevention of killing or injuring humans. The study showed a higher frequency of fire use for land preparation for cropping than for the other socio-cultural activities. However, respondents rated season of burning as the most important attribute, with little attention to the other attributes of a fire regime, contrary to what is theoretically recognized. Understanding traditional fire use practices in terms how to regulate the mix of frequency, intensity/severity, season, size and type of fire for these and other socio-cultural purposes could enhance sustainable savanna conservation and management. There is a need to unravel the specifics of fire assisted socio-cultural practices and fire regimes in West Africa.
TFIIH kinase CDK7 antagonizes phenotype switching and emergence of drug tolerance in melanoma
Authors: Berico Pietro , Cigrang Max , Braun Cathy , Davidson Guillaume , Sandoz Jeremy , Legras Stephanie , Peyresaubes François , Robles Carlos Mario Gene , Egly Jean-Marc , Compe Emmanuel , Davidson Irwin , Coin Frederic 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMelanoma cells switch back-and-forth between phenotypes of proliferation and invasion in response to changing microenvironment, driving metastatic progression. We show that inhibition of the TFIIH kinase CDK7 (CDK7i) results in a melanocytic to mesenchymal phenotype switching and acquisition of targeted therapy tolerance. We identify a gene expression program controlled by the transcription factor GATA6, which participates in drug tolerance in mesenchymal-like cells and which is antagonized by CDK7 in melanocytic-like cells. This program emerges concomitantly with loss of melanocyte lineage-specific MITF protein following CDK7i. By dissecting the underlying mechanism, we observe that CDK7 accumulates at the super-enhancer regulating MITF to drive its expression. MITF itself binds to a intronic region of GATA6 to transcriptionally repress it. This molecular cascade antagonizes expression of the GATA6 regulon that only emerges in MITF-low cells of metastatic melanoma. Our work reveals a role for CDK7 in counteracting phenotype switching and activation of a gene expression program mediating multidrug tolerance in melanoma cells.
Macrophage-derived insulin/IGF antagonist ImpL2 regulates systemic metabolism for mounting an effective acute immune response inDrosophila
Authors: Krejčová Gabriela , Bajgar Adam , Nedbalová Pavla , Kovářová Julie , Kamps-Hughes Nick , Zemanová Helena , Strych Lukáš , Doležal Tomáš 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn response to invading pathogens, macrophages metabolically polarize towards Hif1α-induced aerobic glycolysis, requiring increased supply of nutrients. Here, we show that in order to obtain sufficient resources, Drosophila macrophages release the insulin/IGF antagonist ImpL2, whose expression is regulated by Hif1α. ImpL2 remotely induces the release of lipids and carbohydrates from adipose tissue by reducing insulin signaling, followed by increased nutrient accumulation in activated immune cells. ImpL2 thus translates the metabolic requirements of immune cells into a systemic metabolic switch. Although these ImpL2 effects are essential during the acute immune response to streptococcal infection, they become maladaptive upon chronic infection by an intracellular pathogen. The relevance of our model to mammalian immunometabolism is demonstrated by the increased expression of the ImpL2 homolog IGFBP7 in human macrophages exposed to Streptococcus.
Reticulocalbin 3 is Involved in Postnatal Tendon Development by Regulating Collagen Fibrillogenesis and Cellular Maturation
Authors: Park Na Rae , Shetye Snehal , Keene Douglas R. , Tufa Sara , Hudson David M. , Archer Marilyn , Soslowsky Louis J , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Joeng Kyu Sang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTendon plays a critical role in the joint movement by transmitting force from muscle to bone. This transmission of force is facilitated by its specialized structure, which consists of highly aligned extracellular matrix consisting predominantly of type I collagen. Tenocytes, fibroblast-like tendon cells residing between the parallel collagen fibers, regulate this specialized tendon matrix. Despite the importance of collagen structure and tenocyte function, the biological mechanisms regulating fibrillogenesis and tenocyte maturation are not well understood. Here we examine the function of Reticulocalbin 3 (Rcn3) in collagen fibrillogenesis and tenocyte maturation during postnatal tendon development using a genetic mouse model. Loss of Rcn3 in tendon caused decreased tendon thickness, abnormal tendon cell maturation, and decreased mechanical properties. Interestingly, Rcn3 deficient mice exhibited a smaller collagen fibril distribution and over-hydroxylation in C-telopeptide cross-linking lysine from α1(1) chain. Additionally, the proline 3-hydroxylation sites in type I collagen were also over-hydroxylated in Rcn3 deficient mice. Our data collectively suggest that Rcn3 is a pivotal regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis and tenocyte maturation during postnatal tendon development.
The importance of communicating change
Authors: Schulz-Knappe Charlotte , Koch Thomas , Beckert Johannes 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Past research has been concerned with finding reasons for failure of organizational changes and the role of employees in it. Whether employees hinder or support organizational change depends not only on the organizational context, but also on individual predispositions and the change communication employees experience during the process. The purpose of this paper is to test how these three categories affect employees’ attitudes toward the change as well as their tendency to show resistance or to support it.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey (n=608) of German employees who were recently subject to a change in their workplace was conducted.

Findings
With respect to individual predispositions and organizational context, the results show that in particular skepticism, openness, engagement and influence on decisions are relevant predictors. Change communication variables (e.g. involvement, participation and appreciation) explain the largest share of variance, indicating that transparent communication and including employees in the process result in positive attitudes toward change and support.

Originality/value
This study adds to the discussion about which factors determine the support or resistance to organizational change by identifying relevant predictors, organizing them along three categories and testing them concurrently.
Earnings management to avoid earnings boosts
Authors: Makarem Naser , Roberts Clare 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether earnings boosts before the year end trigger earnings management. It examines whether firms that substantially outperformed their last year earnings during the first three quarters push their earnings down to avoid reporting earnings boosts.Design/methodology/approachRegression analysis is used to compare earnings management of firms with earnings boosts and other firms.FindingsThe results indicate that firms outperforming their last year results by the end of the third quarter manipulate their earnings downwards by means of real activities manipulation, while they do not indicate income-decreasing accruals management. It is also found that consistent with the prominent shift from accruals management to real activities manipulation, accruals management is less costly which justifies why it is used for downward manipulation.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are limited to one single earnings benchmark i.e. last year earnings. Further research may individually or collectively examine other benchmarks including analysts' forecasts.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that users should be more vigilant of firms exceeding their last year interim results, as they could be involved in downward earnings management.Originality/valueThis study documents earnings management in a new setting where earnings boosts before the year end trigger downward manipulation of real activities.
Do information technology (IT) capabilities affect hotel competitiveness?
Authors: Hua Nan 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adapts and extends Hua et al. (2015) and O’Neill et al. (2008) by incorporating the specific measures of IT expenditures as proxies for the relevant IT capabilities to explore the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness.

Findings
This study finds that expenditures on IT Labor, IT Systems and IT Websites exert different impacts on hotel competitiveness. In addition, IT capabilities exert both contemporary and lagged effects on hotel competitiveness.

Originality/value
This study is the first that uses financial data to capture direct measures of individual IT capabilities and tests the individual impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness from both contemporaneous and lagged perspectives. It uses a large same store sample of hotels in the USA from 2011 to 2017; as a result, the study results can be reasonably representative of the hotel population in the USA.
Integrating trust, religiosity and image into technology acceptance model: the case of the Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia
Authors: Usman Hardius , Mulia Dipa , Chairy Chairy , Widowati Nucke 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to propose an extended model of technology acceptance model (TAM) in the use of financial technology (Fintech) in the context of Islamic philanthropy, especially by studying and exploring the role of trust, image and religiosity in TAM, and to provide policy recommendation for the authorized organizations in Indonesia regarding several crucial factors that need to be considered so that Indonesian Muslims are willing to use Fintech for philanthropic purposes.

Design/methodology/approach
Online surveys were conducted to collect the data, of which 425 respondents have completed and returned the questionnaire. Multiple linear regression model and multi-variate analysis of variance are applied to test the statistical hypotheses.

Findings
This study supports the theory of reasoned action and the TAM. In which, the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness with TAM is determined by trust and religiosity.

Research limitations/implications
It is worth to note the limitation of this study lies in the sampling technique and data collection. Indonesia is a fast archipelago country and consists of 34 provinces, but not all of the provinces are represented in the sample. The selected respondent heavily depends on the previous respondent’s willingness to share the questionnaire. So that the number of respondents does not proportionate to region or province.

Originality/value
This study offers an extended model of TAM that has never been done before, namely, by exploring the role of trust, religiosity and image, in the context of Islamic philanthropy.
Leader empowering behaviour: relationships with nurse and patient outcomes
Authors: Cziraki Karen , Wong Carol , Kerr Michael , Finegan Joan 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to test a model examining the impact of leader empowering behaviour on experienced nurses’ self-efficacy, interprofessional collaboration, job turnover intentions and adverse patient outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
Structural equation modelling in Mplus was used to analyse cross-sectional survey data from experienced nurses in Alberta, Ontario, and Nova Scotia, Canada (n = 478).

Findings
The results supported the hypothesized model: (164) = 333.021, p = 0.000; RMSEA = 0.047; CFI = 0.965; TLI = 0.959; SRMR = 0.051. Indirect effects were observed between leader empowering behaviour and nurses’ assessment of adverse events and leader empowering behaviour and nurses’ job turnover intentions through interprofessional collaboration.

Research limitations/implications
Leader empowering behaviour plays a role in creating collaborative conditions that support quality patient care and the retention of experienced nurses.

Practical implications
The findings will be of interest to academic and hospital leaders as they consider strategies to retain experienced nurses, such as nurse manager selection, development and performance management systems.

Originality/value
The influx of new graduate nurses to the nursing profession and changing models of care requires the retention of experienced nurses in the workforce. The findings suggest that leader empowering behaviour and interprofessional collaboration are important factors in supporting quality patient care and stabilizing the nursing workforce.
Age‐dependent phenological plasticity in a wild bird
Authors: Bonamour Suzanne , Chevin Luis‐Miguel , Réale Denis , Teplitsky Céline , Charmantier Anne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLife‐history traits are often plastic in response to environmental factors such as temperature or precipitation, and they also vary with age in many species. Trait variation during the lifetime could thus be partly driven by age‐dependent plasticity in these traits.We study whether plasticity of a phenological trait—the egg‐laying date—with respect to spring temperature, varies with age, and explore whether this variation relates to changes in breeding success throughout the life cycle.We use data from a four‐decade long‐term monitoring of a wild population of blue tits in Corsica, to estimate age‐dependent plasticity of reproductive phenology and annual reproductive success.We show that both laying date plasticity and annual reproductive success vary with age: young and old females are less plastic, and fledge fewer offspring, than middle‐age females. Furthermore, in contrast to young and prime‐age females, in old females fledging success does not depend on laying date.Phenological plasticity is a major mechanism for coping with rapid environmental variation. Our results suggest that understanding its role in adaptation to climate change and population persistence requires integrating the age structure of the population.
Invasive earthworms reduce chemical defense and increase herbivory and pathogen infection in native trees
Authors: Thakur Madhav P. , Künne Tom , Unsicker Sybille B. , Biere Arjen , Ferlian Olga , Pruschitzki Ulrich , Thouvenot Lise , Türke Manfred , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Recent research shows that earthworms can alter defense traits of plants against herbivores and pathogens by affecting soil biochemistry. Yet, the effects of invasive earthworms on defense traits of native plants from previously earthworm‐free ecosystems as well as the consequences for multitrophic interactions are virtually unknown.

Here we use a combination of an observational study and a complementary experimental study to investigate the effects of invasive earthworms on leaf defense traits, herbivore damage and pathogen infection in two poplar tree species (Populus balsamifera and Populus tremuloides) native to North American boreal forests.

Our observational study showed that earthworm invasion was associated with enhanced leaf herbivory (by leaf‐chewing insects) in saplings of both tree species. However, we only detected significant shifts in the concentration of chemical defense compounds in response to earthworm invasion for P. balsamifera. Specifically, leaf phenolic concentrations, including salicinoids and catechin, were lower in P. balsamifera from earthworm‐invaded sites.

Our experimental study confirmed an earthworm‐induced reduction in leaf defense levels in P. balsamifera for one of the defense compounds, tremulacin. The experimental study additionally showed that invasive earthworms reduced leaf dry matter content, potentially increasing leaf palatability, and enhanced susceptibility of trees to infection by a fungal pathogen, but not to aphid infestation, in the same tree species.

Synthesis. Our results show that invasive earthworms can decrease the concentrations of some chemical defense compounds in P. balsamifera, which could make them susceptible to leaf‐chewing insects. Such potential impacts of invasive earthworms are likely to have implications for tree survival and competition, native tree biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Parasitic ‘Candidatus Aquarickettsia rohweri’ is a marker of disease susceptibility in Acropora cervicornis but is lost during thermal stress
Authors: Klinges Grace , Maher Rebecca L. , Vega Thurber Rebecca L. , Muller Erinn M. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryHolobiont phenotype results from a combination of host and symbiont genotypes as well as from prevailing environmental conditions that alter the relationships among symbiotic members. Corals exemplify this concept, where shifts in the algal symbiont community can lead to some corals becoming more or less thermally tolerant. Despite linkage between coral bleaching and disease, the roles of symbiotic bacteria in holobiont resistance and susceptibility to disease remains less well understood. This study thus characterizes the microbiome of disease‐resistant and ‐susceptible Acropora cervicornis coral genotypes (hereafter referred to simply as ‘genotypes’) before and after high temperature‐mediated bleaching. We found that the intracellular bacterial parasite ‘Ca. Aquarickettsia rohweri’ was strikingly abundant in disease‐susceptible genotypes. Disease‐resistant genotypes, however, had notably more diverse and even communities, with correspondingly low abundances of ‘Ca. Aquarickettsia’. Bleaching caused a dramatic reduction of ‘Ca. Aquarickettsia’ within disease‐susceptible corals and led to an increase in bacterial community dispersion, as well as the proliferation of opportunists. Our data support the hypothesis that ‘Ca. Aquarickettsia’ species increase coral disease risk through two mechanisms: (i) the creation of host nutritional deficiencies leading to a compromised host‐symbiont state and (ii) the opening of niche space for potential pathogens during thermal stress.
Hope against hope: changing emotions in the Burundian crisis
Authors: Turner Simon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThrough the lens of Burundians who have been displaced by the recent crisis in Burundi and their anticipations of possible futures for themselves and their country, expressed in the emotions of hope, anxiety, and despair, this article explores the shift from a situation characterized by upheaval towards the crystallization of authoritarian rule in Burundi. Drawing on ethnographic research amongst Burundian refugees in Rwanda, I examine how these individuals negotiate such uncertain and unpredictable circumstances as well as how emotions of hope, anxiety, and despair change accordingly. I argue that the political closure in Burundi has produced a gradual shift from productive anxiety in the Kierkegaardian sense towards despair and a feeling of existential closure. In such situations, when uncertainty gives way to a certainty that there are no futures, the present becomes detached from the flow of time and decisions become impossible to make. The Burundians in Rwanda can only live for the moment and hope against hope, often evoking a distinction between their hopelessness as human beings and the hope that they are compelled to have as Christians.
Government subsidy and aggregate productivity dynamics: Evidence from China
Authors: Yue Wen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on data for Chinese manufacturing firms from 1999 to 2007, this study explores the dynamic evolution of aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) from the perspective of firmsʼ entry and exit. It also quantifies how government subsidies influence the aggregate productivity growth. By decomposing aggregate productivity growth into components, including technological progress, reallocation, entry, and exit effects, we found that aggregate TFP growth in Chinese manufacturingfollows an upward trend during the sample period. This tendency originates from the contribution of technological progress, reallocation, and exit effects. Moreover, the effects of these four components on aggregate TFP growth of different industries, regions, and ownership types are different. Furthermore, technological progress, reallocation, and exit effects are important pathways for government subsidies to promote aggregate TFP growth in Chinese manufacturing.