bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitizing fragrances in absorbent hygiene products
Authors: Desmedt Bart , Marcelis Quinten , Zhilivoda Dea , Deconinck Eric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAllergenic fragrances are present in a wide range of products but they are not regulated in all industries to the same extent. In Europe, absorbent hygiene products (AHPs) are only covered by the general product safety directive and therefore fragrances can be used freely, whereas in cosmetics and toys the use of these ingredients is regulated.MethodAn analytical method was developed to evaluate the presence of 24 sensitizing fragrances in AHPs. This method allows simultaneous identification and quantification and was validated using the total error approach with an acceptance value of ±15%.ResultsThe validated method was applied to evaluate 10 scented AHPs consisting of four tampons, three panty liners, and three sanitary pads. Eight allergenic fragrances were identified in these products and five products contained at least one allergen above 10 μg/g.ConclusionThe presence of these allergens is not communicated to the consumer. This is, however, a strict requirement in other industries (eg, cosmetics, toys) to ensure adequate consumer protection. Knowing that the exposed area is more susceptible to allergens and irritants, the presence of these allergens should be disclosed.
How feasible are global forest restoration commitments?
Authors: Fagan Matthew E. , Reid J. Leighton , Holland Margaret B. , Drew Justin G. , Zahawi Rakan A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNumerous countries have made voluntary commitments to conduct forest landscape restoration over millions of hectares of degraded land in the coming decade. We consider the relative likelihood these countries will achieve their restoration commitments. Across countries, the area committed to restoration increased with existing forest and plantation area, but was inversely related to development status, with less developed countries pledging more area. Restoration commitments are generally large (median: 2 million hectares) and will be challenging to meet without the wholesale transformation of food production systems. Indeed, one third of countries committed >10% of their land area to restoration (maximum: 81%). Furthermore, high rates of land cover change may reverse gains: a quarter of countries experienced recent deforestation and agricultural expansion that exceeded their restoration commitment area. The limited progress reported by countries, and the sheer scale of commitments, raises serious questions about long‐term success, especially absent necessary monitoring and management plans.
Contrasting Ozark and Great Lakes populations in the endangered Hines emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana) using ecological, genetic, and phylogeographic analyses
Authors: Walker Jane , Mahoney Meredith , Templeton Alan R. , McKenzie Paul , Vogt Timothy E. , Cashatt Everett D. , Smentowski Joseph , Day Richard , Gillespie Robert , Henry Bruce , Wiker James , Braude Stanton , Landwer Brett 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe federally endangered species Hine's emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana) is found in fens surrounding the Great Lakes region and in a small portion of the Missouri Ozarks. Most previous work has focused on the populations in the Great Lakes region. We present mark/recapture studies and genetic surveys to address the status of the Ozark populations. The densities and genetic diversity tend to be higher in the Ozarks than in the Great Lakes region. A phylogeographic analysis indicates that the Ozarks, with its unglaciated fens, is the likely source for the populations currently inhabiting the formerly glaciated Great Lakes region, and genetic diversity decreases with increasing distance from the Ozarks. This work illustrates the inadequacy of using geography alone to identify a population as marginal and of less conservation concern. We also reanalyzed genetic data on the Great Lakes populations, where several populations have been extirpated over the last several decades. We show that the populations in the Great Lakes region have already lost more than 30% of their genetic diversity over just several decades, and the phylogeographic analysis indicates that increased fragmentation is a possibility in this region due to local extirpations. Ecologically and genetically, the Ozark populations should have a high priority in management plans, and the high rate of loss of genetic diversity and potential fragmentation indicates that continued monitoring and management is needed in the Great Lakes region for this highly endangered dragonfly.
Differentiation of combined nevi and melanomas: Case‐control study with comparative analysis of dermoscopic features
Authors: Schweizer Anissa , Fink Christine , Bertlich Ines , Toberer Ferdinand , Mitteldorf Christina , Stolz Wilhelm , Enk Alexander , Kilian Samuel , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackground and objectivesCombined nevi (CN) show two or more components of major nevus subtypes and simulate melanomas. We investigated a panel of dermoscopic features and three dermoscopic algorithms for differentiating CN from melanomas.Patients and methodsRetrospective, blinded case‐control study using dermoscopic images of 36 CN and 36 melanoma controls. Twenty‐one dermoscopic features validated for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, the number of colors, and three dermoscopic algorithms were investigated (ABCD rule of dermoscopy, Menzies scoring method, 7‐point checklist).ResultsFive of seven features indicative of nevi were observed significantly more frequently in CN than in melanomas (all p < 0.05) and two were exclusively found in CN. Eleven out of 14 features indicative of melanomas were observed significantly more frequently in melanomas than in CN (all p < 0.03) and five were exclusively found in melanomas. The mean (± SD) number of colors in CN was lower than in melanomas (2.1 ± 0.6 versus 3.4 ± 0.7; p < 0.001). Among tested algorithms the ABCD rule of dermoscopy performed best (sensitivity 91.7 %, specificity 77.8 %).ConclusionsThe ABCD rule of dermoscopy differentiated CN from melanomas most efficiently. Additional knowledge of dermoscopic features to be expected exclusively in either CN or melanomas should help dermatologists to make a correct clinical diagnosis.
Distress, quality of life and disability in treatment‐seeking young adults with social anxiety disorder
Authors: Park Shin Ho , Song Yun Ju C. , Demetriou Eleni A. , Pepper Karen L. , Hickie Ian B. , Glozier Nick , Hermens Daniel F. , Scott Elizabeth M. , Guastella Adam J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to: (a) examine whether treatment‐seeking young adults with social anxiety disorder (SAD) demonstrate similar degrees of distress, quality of life (QoL) and disability to those with other mental disorders; and (b) investigate the impact of comorbidity, specific comorbid conditions and antidepressants use on distress, QoL and disability in treatment‐seeking young adults with SAD.MethodsA cohort of treatment‐seeking young adults (aged 16‐45) diagnosed with SAD (N = 298) or other mental health disorders (N = 842; including depression, N = 349; bipolar, N = 141; psychosis, N = 173) completed self‐report assessments of distress, QoL and disability.ResultsYoung adults with SAD showed distress and disability of similar degree to those with most other mental disorders. Specifically, young adults with SAD reported significantly lower QoL than those with major depressive disorder or obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Furthermore, young adults with SAD had the most difficulties in getting along with others and the second highest level of distress in comparison to other psychiatric groups. In comparison to antidepressants use, the presence of comorbidity showed a substantial negative influence on these health outcomes, particularly when presenting with comorbid depression or obsessive‐compulsive disorder.ConclusionsFindings highlight significant impairments in young adults seeking treatment for SAD and the important moderating influence of comorbidity. This emphasizes the urgent need for effective management and treatment for its presentation and comorbidities in mental health services targeting young adults.
Assessing strategies to enhance soil carbon sequestration with the DSSAT‐CENTURY model
Authors: Nicoloso Rodrigo S. , Amado Telmo J. C. , Rice Charles W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe adoption of no‐till (NT) has been proposed to recover soil organic carbon (SOC), which will aid the mitigation of climate change. However, studies have questioned the potential of NT soils to deliver SOC sequestration and sustain crop yields. No‐till experiments are relatively recent (<50 years) and very few studies were able to assess SOC dynamics in high‐yield agroecosystems. We used the DSSAT‐CENTURY model to predict long‐term SOC (0–30 cm) using datasets from two experiments assessing tillage and nitrogen (N) sources in a Mollisol from the midwest United States (28 years) and tillage and crop rotations in an Oxisol from southern Brazil (33 years). The conversion of prairie and grassland soils to conventional agriculture decreased SOC by 61 and 12% in the Mollisol and Oxisol, respectively. Soil organic C accrual in NT soils was >0.5 Mg C ha−1 year−1 under medium‐low‐yield maize in the Mollisol and negligible in the Oxisol under soybean/wheat rotation. Organic fertilization and crop rotation increased SOC accrual at both sites. Simulated SOC had good agreement with observations for NT soils but overestimated SOC in tilled soils. The model's parameters were then modified for tilled soils. Long‐term simulations (100 years) revealed that SOC accrual in NT soils (0–15 cm) is partially offset by losses at 15–30 cm under low C inputs. Simulations with best crop management practices (BP; irrigation, high‐yield cultivars, higher plant density and improved N fertilization) augmented C inputs and SOC stocks, ultimately recovering SOC to the levels of prairie soils. Our results suggest that the adoption of NT, recycling of organic fertilizers and the use of BP should be further promoted for recovery and permanence of SOC in agricultural soils.Highlights
Studies have questioned the potential of conservation agriculture (CA) to deliver SOC sequestration and sustain crop yields.
We used the DSSAT‐CENTURY model to simulate SOC dynamics in temperate and subtropical soils.
No‐till under moderate C/N inputs recovered topsoil SOC, but subsurface losses offset SOC accrual.
Use of CA, organic amendments and best practice crop management (BP) is crucial for long‐term SOC storage and permanence.
Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens
Authors: Milutinović Barbara , Stock Miriam , Grasse Anna V. , Naderlinger Elisabeth , Hilbe Christian , Cremer Sylvia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoinfections with multiple pathogens can result in complex within‐host dynamics affecting virulence and transmission. While multiple infections are intensively studied in solitary hosts, it is so far unresolved how social host interactions interfere with pathogen competition, and if this depends on coinfection diversity. We studied how the collective disease defences of ants – their social immunity – influence pathogen competition in coinfections of same or different fungal pathogen species. Social immunity reduced virulence for all pathogen combinations, but interfered with spore production only in different‐species coinfections. Here, it decreased overall pathogen sporulation success while increasing co‐sporulation on individual cadavers and maintaining a higher pathogen diversity at the community level. Mathematical modelling revealed that host sanitary care alone can modulate competitive outcomes between pathogens, giving advantage to fast‐germinating, thus less grooming‐sensitive ones. Host social interactions can hence modulate infection dynamics in coinfected group members, thereby altering pathogen communities at the host level and population level.
REVEALED PREFERENCE AND ACTIVITY RULES IN DYNAMIC AUCTIONS
Authors: Ausubel Lawrence M. , Baranov Oleg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractActivity rules—constraints that limit bidding in future rounds based on past bids—are intended to limit strategic bidding delays in high‐stakes auctions. This article provides a general treatment of activity rules. Traditional point‐based rules are effective for homogeneous goods and reasonably suited for substitute goods. However, they are simultaneously too strong and too weak for general environments; they allow parking, while sometimes preventing straightforward bidding. We prove that the activity rule operationalizing the generalized axiom of revealed preference (GARP) is essentially the unique rule that enforces the Law of Demand while enabling straightforward bidding and never producing “dead ends.”
Drought effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre quality and fibre sucrose metabolism during the flowering and boll‐formation period
Authors: Gao Min , Snider John L. , Bai Hua , Hu Wei , Wang Rui , Meng Yali , Wang Youhua , Chen Binglin , Zhou Zhiguo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop is an indeterminate species that is most sensitive to drought stress during the flowering and boll‐formation stage of development. To evaluate the effect of water deficit on fibre quality and carbon metabolism at different fruiting branches (FB), multiple controlled experiments were conducted. The cotton cultivar Siza 3 was used under three soil relative water content (SRWC): control (CK, SRWC (75 ± 5) %), moderate drought stress (MDS, SRWC (60 ± 5) %) and severe drought stress (SDS, SRWC (45 ± 5) %) treatment, imposed at the beginning of the flowering of FB6–7. Fibre quality was significantly affected by drought level and fruiting branch location on the plant. Compared to the CK, under MDS and SDS, sucrose content and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activity decreased prior to 24 days post‐anthesis (DPA; the fibre elongation phase), which caused low fibre turgor pressure. This decreased the rate of fibre elongation and final fibre length. Moreover, from 24 to 38 DPA (during fibre thickening), low fibre sucrose content led to insufficient UDP‐glucose (UDPG; uridine diphosphate glucose) for cellulose synthesis. Furthermore, more of the existing UDPG was allocated to the synthesis of callose instead of cellulose, which resulted in lower cellulose accumulation and decreased fibre strength. The magnitude of the drought stress effect on fibre qualities, as well as the formation process, was strongly influenced by fruiting branch position, where differences were most pronounced for fruiting branches further away from the base of the plant.
Efficacy of mind–body therapies and exercise‐based interventions on menopausal‐related outcomes among Asian perimenopause women: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and synthesis without a meta‐analysis
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Ang Lina , Lau Ying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy of exercise‐based interventions and mind–body therapies on quality of life, menopausal symptoms, and depression among Asian perimenopausal women.DesignA systematic review, meta‐analysis, and synthesis without meta‐analysis (SWiM).Data sourcesSix electronic databases were systematically searched: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ProQuest.Review methodsThe point of inception of each database to 15 November 2018 were systematically searched. A meta‐analysis and SWiM were used to present the results. Review Manager 5.3 and The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool were used for meta‐analyses and assessing of risk of bias, respectively.ResultsIn all, 23 studies were reviewed. Significant effects in exercise‐based interventions and mind–body therapies were found for quality of life, menopausal symptoms, and depression but not for hot flashes. Limitations of this review include insufficient blinding of participants and/or researchers found in most of the included studies and high levels of heterogeneity in the meta‐analyses. Evidence found in this review is to be interpreted with caution.ConclusionHealthcare professionals can consider exercise‐based interventions or mind–body therapies to manage menopausal symptoms. Future trials of good quality can examine the cost‐effectiveness and optimal intervention duration. Intervention effects on specific menopausal symptoms such as sleeplessness in Asia can be examined in future.ImpactExercise‐based interventions and mind–body therapies suggest effectiveness on quality of life, menopausal symptoms, and depression among Asian perimenopausal women. Exercise‐based interventions and mind–body therapies improve quality of life, menopausal symptoms, and depression but not hot flashes. Long‐term exercise‐based interventions is effective in managing depression. Due to varied limitations in the review and included studies, firm conclusions cannot be reached. Healthcare professionals in Asia can consider implementing exercise‐based interventions and mind–body therapies for symptomatic perimenopausal Asian women.
Reciprocal links between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in youth: a longitudinal twin study
Authors: Krebs G. , Hannigan L.J. , Gregory A.M. , Rijsdijk F.V. , Eley T.C. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAnxiety sensitivity, the tendency to fear the symptoms of anxiety, is a key risk factor for the development anxiety disorders. Although obsessive–compulsive disorder was previously classified as an anxiety disorder, the prospective relationship between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) has been largely overlooked. Furthermore, a lack of genetically informative studies means the aetiology of the link between anxiety sensitivity and OCS remains unclear.MethodsAdolescent twins and siblings (N = 1,579) from the G1219 study completed self‐report questionnaires two years apart assessing anxiety sensitivity, OCS, anxiety and depression. Linear regression models tested prospective associations between anxiety sensitivity and OCS, with and without adjustment for anxiety and depressive symptoms. A phenotypic cross‐lagged model assessed bidirectional influences between anxiety sensitivity and OCS over time, and a genetic version of this model examined the aetiology of these associations.ResultsAnxiety sensitivity was prospectively associated with changes in OCS, even after controlling for comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. The longitudinal relationship between anxiety sensitivity and OCS was bidirectional, and these associations were predominantly accounted for by nonshared environmental influences.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the notion that anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor for OCS during adolescence, but also suggest that experiencing OCS confers risk for heightened anxiety sensitivity. The reciprocal links between OCS and anxiety sensitivity over time are likely to be largely mediated by nonshared environmental experiences, as opposed to common genes. Our findings raise the possibility that interventions aimed at ameliorating anxiety sensitivity could reduce risk for OCS, and vice versa.
Harmonizing behavioral outcomes across studies, raters, and countries: application to the genetic analysis of aggression in the ACTION Consortium
Authors: Luningham Justin M. , Hendriks Anne M. , Krapohl Eva , Fung Ip Hill , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E.M. , Lundström Sebastian , Vuoksimaa Eero , Korhonen Tellervo , Lichtenstein Paul , Plomin Robert , Pulkkinen Lea , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Bartels Meike , Boomsma Dorret I. , Lubke Gitta H. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAggression in children has genetic and environmental causes. Studies of aggression can pool existing datasets to include more complex models of social effects. Such analyses require large datasets with harmonized outcome measures. Here, we made use of a reference panel for phenotype data to harmonize multiple aggression measures in school‐aged children to jointly analyze data from five large twin cohorts.MethodsIndividual level aggression data on 86,559 children (42,468 twin pairs) were available in five European twin cohorts measured by different instruments. A phenotypic reference panel was collected which enabled a model‐based phenotype harmonization approach. A bi‐factor integration model in the integrative data analysis framework was developed to model aggression across studies while adjusting for rater, age, and sex. Finally, harmonized aggression scores were analyzed to estimate contributions of genes, environment, and social interaction to aggression. The large sample size allowed adequate power to test for sibling interaction effects, with unique dynamics permitted for opposite‐sex twins.ResultsThe best‐fitting model found a high level of overall heritability of aggression (~60%). Different heritability rates of aggression across sex were marginally significant, with heritability estimates in boys of ~64% and ~58% in girls. Sibling interaction effects were only significant in the opposite‐sex twin pairs: the interaction effect of males on their female co‐twin differed from the effect of females on their male co‐twin. An aggressive female had a positive effect on male co‐twin aggression, whereas more aggression in males had a negative influence on a female co‐twin.ConclusionsOpposite‐sex twins displayed unique social dynamics of aggressive behaviors in a joint analysis of a large, multinational dataset. The integrative data analysis framework, applied in combination with a reference panel, has the potential to elucidate broad, generalizable results in the investigation of common psychological traits in children.