bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards termination of pregnancy at viable stage
Authors: Roets Ellen , Dierickx Sigrid , Deliens Luc , Chambaere Kenneth , Dombrecht Laure , Roelens Kristien , Beernaert Kim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionUpon prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations, termination of pregnancy (TOP) may be an option, sometimes at a gestational age when the fetus is already viable (late TOP). We aimed to study attitudes towards late TOP of all tertiary healthcare professionals involved in late TOP practice.Material and methodsA mail survey was conducted among all physicians and paramedical professionals involved in late TOP decision‐making in all eight centers with a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Flanders, Belgium (N = 117). The questionnaire contained general and case‐based attitude items.ResultsResponse rate was 79%. Respondents were either physicians (51.1%) or paramedical professionals (49.9%). The composition of professionals involved in late TOP decision‐making was heterogeneous between the eight centers. Late TOP was highly accepted in both lethal fetal conditions (100%) and serious (but not lethal) fetal conditions (95.6%). Where the fetus is healthy, 19.8% of respondents agreed with late TOP for maternal psychological problems and fewer respondents (13.2%) agreed with late TOP in the case of maternal socio‐economic problems (P = .002). Physicians more often preferred feticide over neonatal palliative care in the case of non‐lethal fetal conditions compared with paramedical professionals (68.1% vs 53.2%, P = .013). Almost nine out of ten respondents (89.1%) agreed that in the event of a serious (non‐lethal) neonatal condition, administering drugs with the explicit intention to end neonatal life was acceptable. Behavioral intentions indicate that even in situations with an unclear diagnosis and unpredictable prognosis, 85.6% of professionals would still consider late TOP.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals practicing late TOP in Flanders, Belgium have a high degree of tolerance towards late TOP, irrespective of sociodemographic factors, and are demanding legislative change regarding active life‐ending in the fetal and neonatal periods. Further research should explore the correlation of attitudes to late TOP with actual medical decisions taken in daily clinical practice.
Intervertebral joint polarity reversions in extant and extinct crocodylians
Authors: Iijima Masaya , Kubo Tai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProcoely in presacral and caudal vertebrae except the biconvex first caudal vertebra is regarded as a key diagnostic feature of eusuchian crocodylomorphs, although its individual variation, which may have an impact on the evolutionary and functional interpretations, remains unexplored. Here, we examined 19 extant species as well as a few fossil species of crocodylians to identify individual (intraspecific) variation in the intervertebral joint polarities. We found joint alteration in eight individuals from seven extant species and three individuals from two extinct species. Most variant specimens show sacrocaudal joint alteration, while single Osteolaemus tetraspis peculiarly displays multiple joint polarity reversions (cotyle to condyle and vice versa) in anterior caudal vertebrae. Because the sacrocaudal joint polarity is frequently reversed and the first caudal vertebra becomes procoelous, caution should be taken when identifying an isolated first caudal vertebra of basal and outgroups of eusuchians. Almost exclusive occurrences of joint alteration at the less mobile sacrocaudal joint in crocodylians are consistent with the hypothesis that the joint alteration takes place at joints with a lesser range of motion.
Attainment, attendance, and school difficulties in UK primary schoolchildren with probable ADHD
Authors: May Felix , Ford Tamsin , Janssens Astrid , Newlove‐Delgado Tamsin , Emma Russell Abigail , Salim Javid , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Hayes Rachel 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAmong children aged 6–16, there is a clear association between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and academic attainment. We wanted to know whether this association was replicated in younger children.AimsTo explore the relationship between children aged 4–8 with probable ADHD and their academic attainment and school attendance. Secondly, the study aimed to explore their behaviour within school and their reported attitudes towards school.SampleA total of 1,152 children who were taking part in the Supporting Teachers and Children in Schools (STARS) cluster randomized controlled trial.MethodsADHD status was established by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire predictive algorithm to identify children with probable ADHD. Using baseline data, random‐effects regression models on ADHD status were fitted to attainment, attendance, special educational needs (SEN) provision, and attitudes towards school and classroom behaviour; models that were also fitted to attainment were evaluated again at 9, 18, and 30 months after baseline.ResultsChildren with probable ADHD (n = 47) were more likely than controls (n = 1,105) to have below‐expected attainment in literacy (odds ratio (OR) 16.7, 95% CI 6.93‐to‐40.1), numeracy (OR 11.3, 95% CI 5.34‐to‐24.1) and to be identified as having SEN (OR‐55.2, 95%‐CI 22.1‐to‐137). Their attendance was poorer with more unauthorized absences (rate ratio (RR)‐1.91, 95%‐CI‐1.57‐to‐2.31). They had more teacher‐reported behavioural problems (mean difference (MD) 5.0, 95%‐CI 4.6‐to‐5.4) and less positive attitudes towards school (MD −1.1, 95% CI −0.56 to −1.85). Poorer attainment in literacy and numeracy persisted at all follow‐ups.ConclusionsChildren aged as young as 4 whose behaviour indicates probable ADHD struggle to cope at school in terms of academic attainment, attendance, classroom behaviour, and attitude towards school when compared to other children. Early identification and intervention to help these children manage in school are needed.
Association between dietary sugar intake and colorectal adenoma among cancer screening examinees in Japan
Authors: Cho Hourin , Budhathoki Sanjeev , Kanehara Rieko , Goto Atsushi , Yamaji Taiki , Kakugawa Yasuo , Saito Yutaka , Matsuda Takahisa , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough intake of highly sugary foods is considered to be a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer through hyperinsulinemia, the association of sugar intake and colorectal adenoma, a precursor lesion to most colorectal cancer, is poorly understood, particularly in Asian populations. We undertook a cross‐sectional study in a Japanese population to investigate the association between dietary sugar intake and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma. Study subjects were selected from participants who underwent magnifying colonoscopy with dye spraying as part of a cancer screening program and who responded to a self‐administered questionnaire before the colonoscopy. A total of 738 cases with colorectal adenoma and 697 controls were enrolled. Dietary intakes of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, and total sugars (sum of these six mono‐ or disaccharides) were calculated from a food frequency questionnaire, and divided into quartiles based on the distribution among controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of colorectal adenoma were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Total sugar intake was not significantly associated with the prevalence of colorectal adenoma (odds ratio for the highest intake group compared to reference group = 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.81‐1.73; P for trend = .34). Furthermore, no statistically significant positive associations were observed for any of the six mono‐ or disaccharides. Findings were similar on additional analyses by site, size, and number of adenomas. Our findings do not support an association between high sugar intake and increased odds ratios of colorectal adenoma.
Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD): More than meets the eye. The role of multimodal imaging in today's management of AMD—A review
Authors: Guymer Robyn , Wu Zhichao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultimodal imaging (MMI) allows a more granular grading of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) disease severity, with many novel risk factors having been recently identified. With this imaging information, we are better able to counsel our patients with more accurate and individualized progression scenarios. MMI also allows identification of anatomical features that increase our understanding of disease processes involved in progression to late AMD. Treatment protocols for neovascular AMD (nAMD) depend largely on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) appearance to determine disease activity, which allows us to individualize treatment. In geographic atrophy (GA), new intervention trials require the ability to define the extent of GA, so that GA growth rate can be determined. This is achieved through fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, which allows greater accuracy of border identification, as well as revealing FAF patterns predictive of growth rates. As we strive to bring interventions earlier in the disease course, OCT imaging provides an ability to identify the first signs of atrophy, which may serve as novel surrogate biomarkers for GA, thereby facilitating trials. In the future, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to automatically identify relevant features on MMI could further enhance our ability to determine disease severity, predict progression and assist in identifying disease activity parameters to support clinical decision making when treating nAMD. Newer developments may allow frequent, remote capturing of images, reducing clinic visits, detecting progression and monitoring neovascular activity in‐between clinic visits. Being aware of these new imaging insights in AMD, greatly enhance our clinical management of AMD.
Micro and Martsolf syndromes in 34 new patients: Refining the phenotypic spectrum and further molecular insights
Authors: Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Abdel‐Ghafar Sherif F. , Ismail Suzan R. , Desouky Lubna M. , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Effat Laila K. , Zaki Maha S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicro and Martsolf syndromes are rare clinically and genetically overlapping disorders caused by mutations in RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2, RAB18 and TBC1D20 genes. We describe 34 new patients, 27 with Micro and seven with Martsolf. Patients presented with the characteristic clinical manifestations of the two syndromes, including postnatal microcephaly, congenital cataracts, microphthalmia, optic atrophy, spasticity and intellectual disability. Brain imaging showed in the majority of cases polymicrogyria, thin corpus callosum, cortical atrophy, and white matter dysmyelination. Unusual additional findings were pectus excavatum (four patients), pectus carinatum (three patients), congenital heart disease (three patients) and bilateral calcification in basal ganglia (one patient). Mutational analysis of RAB3GAP1 and RAB3GAP2 revealed 21 mutations, including 14 novel variants. RAB3GAP1 mutations were identified in 22 patients with Micro, including a deletion of the entire gene in one patient. On the other hand, RAB3GAP2 mutations were identified in two patients with Micro and all Martsolf patients. Moreover, exome sequencing unraveled a TBC1D20 mutation in an additional family with Micro syndrome. Our results expand the phenotypic and mutational spectrum associated with Micro and Martsolf syndromes. Due to the overlapped severities and genetic basis of both syndromes, we suggest to be comprehended as one entity “Micro/Martsolf spectrum” or “RAB18 deficiency.”
Domesticating Detroit: Art Houses, Blight, and the Image of Care
Authors: Yezbick Julia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPublic circulations of politicized visualizations and definitions of blight serve not only to define and police an idealized image of care, but also bolster the state’s valorization of creative interventions thatappearto “domesticate” the postindustrial landscape. An image of care of single‐family homes presents an invented morality—one which sets itself as distinct from another manufactured idiom: blight. This duality allows for processes of domestication to be defined, defended, policed, and politicized. Creative interventions on Detroit’s built environment thatappearto “domesticate” the postindustrial landscape become valorized by the state and its neoliberal partners (corporate business leaders, philanthropic foundations, and public‐private partnerships), despite artists’ intentions to subvert the power of such interests. So long as blight is conceived of and imagined as the absence of care, instead of being the end result of decisions made, laws passed, and policies enacted, the racial and economic segregation of the 20th century will continue to shape our urban spaces. So long as artistic and creative interventions are conscripted into this image of care as a domestication of blight, social and aesthetic innovators will be instrumentalized in market‐driven regimes of value.
Efficacy of toluidine blue in the diagnosis and screening of oral cancer and pre‐cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Song Eun A. , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThe accuracy of toluidine blue (TB) and chemiluminescence for diagnosing oral cancer and pre‐cancer was evaluated.MethodsTwo authors (working independently) comprehensively reviewed six databases (PubMed, Cochrane database, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar) from their dates of inception until March 2020. Oral mucosal disorder, as detected by TB, was compared with that detected by chemiluminescence. True‐positive, true‐negative, false‐positive and false‐negative data were extracted for each study. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (ver. 2). The extent of interrater agreement was also assessed.ResultsTwenty‐nine prospective and retrospective studies were included. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of TB was 7.017 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.544; 10.836). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.766. The correlation between the sensitivity and the false‐positive rate was 0.196, indicating the absence of heterogeneity. TB exhibited moderate interrater reliability (0.6777; 95% CI, 0.43; 0.7455). Compared with chemiluminescence, as used in nine studies, TB had a lower sensitivity (0.659 vs 0.841), but a higher specificity (0.809 vs 0.345), negative predictive value (0.766 vs 0.690) and DOR (10.565 vs 5.203). Compared with clinical examination, as used in four studies, TB method had a higher sensitivity (0.891 vs 0.891), specificity (0.739 vs 0.634), negative predictive value (0.920 vs 0.714) and DOR (28.491 vs 8.526). Subgroup analysis showed that screening for severe dysplasia or more severe disease was significantly more sensitive, but less specific, than screening for all dysplasias.ConclusionsAlthough the diagnostic accuracy of TB in the diagnostic work‐up of oral cancer and pre‐cancer was higher than that of clinical examination, it was not high enough for TB to reliably be used alone. Instead, it should be combined with chemiluminescence or other diagnostic tools.
Is loss of sense of smell a diagnostic marker in COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rocke John , Hopkins Claire , Philpott Carl , Kumar Nirmal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo systematically review the currently available evidence investigating the association between olfactory dysfunction (OD) and the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19). To analyse the prevalence of OD in patients who have tested positive on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for COVID‐19. To perform a meta‐analysis of patients presenting with olfactory dysfunction, during the pandemic, and to investigate the positive predictive value for a COVID‐19‐positive result in this population. To assess whether olfactory dysfunction could be used as a diagnostic marker for COVID‐19 positivity and aid public health approaches in tackling the current outbreak.MethodsWe systematically searched MedLine (PubMed), Embase, Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC), Medrxiv, the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane COVID‐19 Study Register, NIHR Dissemination centre, Clinical Evidence, National Health Service Evidence and the National Institute of Clinical Excellence to identify the current published evidence which associates coronaviridae or similar RNA viruses with anosmia. The initial search identified 157 articles. A total of 145 papers were excluded following application of our exclusion criteria. The 12 remaining articles that presented evidence on the association between COVID‐19 and olfactory dysfunction were critically analysed.ResultsOlfactory dysfunction has been shown to be the strongest predictor of COVID‐19 positivity when compared to other symptoms in logistic regression analysis. In patients who had tested positive for COVID‐19, there was a prevalence of 62% of OD. In populations of patients who are currently reporting OD, there is a positive predictive value of 61% for a positive COVID‐19 result.ConclusionOur review has shown that there is already significant evidence which demonstrates an association between OD and the novel coronavirus—COVID‐19. It is unclear if this finding is unique to this coronavirus as individual viral phenotypes rarely present in such concentrated large numbers. We have demonstrated that OD is comparatively more predictive for COVID‐19 positivity compared to other associated symptoms. We recommend that people who develop OD during the pandemic should be self‐isolate and this guidance should be adopted internationally to prevent transmission.
Validation of the colostomy impact score in patients ostomized for a benign condition
Authors: Kristensen H. Ø , Krogsgaard M. , Christensen P. , Thomsen T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe colostomy impact (CI) score is a patient‐reported outcome measure assessing reduction in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) due to a stoma. The score was originally developed and validated in a cohort of rectal cancer survivors with a permanent colostomy. For the CI score to be applied to patients with a colostomy after surgery for a benign condition it must be validated in this patient group. The aim of this study was to assess construct validity and known groups validity of the CI score in patients with a colostomy after surgery for a benign condition.MethodIn a cross‐sectional survey among ostomates in the Capital Region of Denmark, patients completed the CI score and the SF‐36 v2 questionnaires. Construct validity was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficients and known groups validity was assessed by t‐test when dividing patients into groups of minor or major CI.ResultsThe CI score showed a moderate negative correlation with the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of −0.41 and a weak negative correlation with the Mental Component Summary (MCS) of −0.39. The strength of the correlation depended on the underlying condition leading to stoma formation. Differences were significant between the minor and major CI groups in mean PSC and MCS with t‐values of 5.32 and 3.86, respectively.ConclusionThe CI score is a valid instrument for assessing stoma‐related impact on HRQL regardless of the underlying condition leading to stoma formation, and the CI score discriminates meaningfully between groups with known differences in stoma‐related reduced HRQL.
Quality assurance in dermatopathology: A review of report amendments
Authors: Cocks Margaret , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystematic review of amended reports in surgical pathology has been recommended as a valuable exercise in promoting quality assurance and improvement. Examination of report amendments can identify defects in the surgical pathology process and inspire new approaches to decreasing error rates and improving overall patient care.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all amended dermatopathology reports over a 1.5‐year period at a large academic institution.ResultsDuring the study period, 86 amended reports out of a total 7950 skin‐specific reports were issued (1.08%). Of these amended reports, about 59% (51/86) were because of non‐interpretative errors (eg, wrong site, chin vs shin, etc.) while 41% (35/86) were diagnostic misinterpretations. Of these 35, 24 were considered major diagnostic changes while six were minor. Five amendments provided additional diagnostic information. Of those amended reports with diagnostic misinterpretations, 14/35 involved melanocytic lesions, 8/35 involved non‐melanoma skin cancers or keratinocyte atypia, 10/35 were inflammatory lesions and 3/35 involved other tumors.ConclusionOur review points to several quality improvement areas that can be targeted to potentially avoid diagnostic errors in dermatopathology, including standardizing certain anatomic sites to prevent misidentification and seeking out clinicopathologic correlation in challenging melanocytic cases.
Expression of palladin is associated with disease progression in metastatic high‐grade serous carcinoma
Authors: Davidson Ben , Bock Annika Jøntvedt , Holth Arild , Nymoen Dag Andre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the expression and clinical role of the actin‐associated molecule palladin in serous effusions.MethodsPALLD mRNA expression was analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 83 high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) effusions. Fifteen malignant mesothelioma (MM) effusions and 18 surgical HGSC specimens from the ovary were studied for comparative purposes. Palladin protein expression by immunohistochemistry was analysed in another series consisting of 261 HGSC effusions.ResultsPALLD mRNA was significantly overexpressed in HGSC compared to MM effusions (P < .001). Palladin expression by immunohistochemistry was found in HGSC cells in 106/261 (41%) effusions, most commonly focally (<5% of cells). PALLD expression was additionally higher in ovarian HGSC specimens compared to HGSC effusions (P < .001). However, immunohistochemistry showed only stromal expression of this protein in surgical specimens. PALLD mRNA expression in HGSC effusions was unrelated to clinicopathological parameters, chemotherapy response or survival. Palladin protein expression was higher in post‐chemotherapy, mainly disease recurrence, specimens compared to chemo‐naïve effusions tapped at diagnosis (P = .018), although it was unrelated to other clinicopathological parameters or survival.ConclusionPALLD mRNA is overexpressed in HGSC compared to MM effusions, and its protein product is overexpressed in post‐chemotherapy compared to pre‐chemotherapy HGSC effusions, suggesting upregulation along tumour progression. The presence of this molecule in HGSC effusions, at the mRNA or the protein level, is unrelated to disease outcome.