bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the potential impact of Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs) as a new vector control tool for Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: Fraser Keith James , Mwandigha Lazaro , Traore Sekou , Traore Mohamed , Doumbia Seydou , Junnila Amy , Revay Edita , Beier John , Marshall John , Ghani Azra , Muller Gunter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Attractive targeted sugar baits (ATSBs) are a promising new tool for malaria control as they can target outdoor-feeding mosquito populations, in contrast to current vector control tools which predominantly target indoor-feeding mosquitoes. Methods: We sought to estimate the potential impact of these new tools on Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in African settings by combining data from a recent entomological field trial of ATSBs undertaken in Mali with mathematical models of malaria transmission. Results: The entomological study showed a significant reduction of 55.4% (95 % CI 33.7-77.1%) in mosquito catch numbers, and a larger reduction of ~91% (95% CI 75-100%) in the entomological inoculation rate due to the fact that, in the presence of ATSBs, most mosquitoes do not live long enough to transmit malaria. The key parameter determining impact on the mosquito population is the excess mortality due to ATSBs, which we estimate from the observed reduction in mosquito catch numbers to be lower (mean 0.13 per mosquito per day, seasonal range 0.10-0.16 per day) than the bait feeding rate obtained from one-day staining tests (mean 0.34 per mosquito per day, seasonal range 0.28-0.38 per day). Using a mathematical model capturing the lifecycle of P. falciparum malaria in mosquitoes and humans and incorporating the excess mortality, we predict that ATSBs could result in large reductions (>30% annually) in prevalence and clinical incidence of malaria, even in regions with an existing high malaria burden. Conclusions: Results suggest that this new tool could provide a promising addition to existing vector control tools and result in significant reductions in malaria burden across a range of malaria-endemic settings.
Profiling Knowledge Brokers in the Rehabilitation Sector Across Canada: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Gaid Dina , Ahmed Sara , Thomas Aliki , Bussières Andre 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Knowledge brokers (KBs) can help promote the uptake of the latest research evidence into clinical practice. Little is known about who they are, the type of work they do, and their training. Establishing a portrait of Canadian KBs working in the rehabilitation sector may inform health care organizations and knowledge translation specialists on how best to advance KBs practices. The overall goal was to describe the profile of KBs working to promote the uptake of evidence within rehabilitation settings in Canada. Specifically, this study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and professional characteristics, work activities, and training of KBs.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered to KBs working in rehabilitation settings across Canada. The survey included 20 questions covering sociodemographic and professional characteristics, work activities, and training opportunities. Response frequency and percentage were calculated for all categorical variables, and the weighted-average “WA” for each role was calculated across participants. Descriptive analysis was conducted for all open-ended questions. Results: Of 475 participants accessing the website, 198 completed the survey questionnaire, including 99 clinicians, 35 researchers, and 26 managers. While over two-third of respondents had completed a graduate degree, only 38% reported receiving KBs-related training. The respondents’ primary roles corresponded to a linking agent (WA=1.84), followed by capacity builder (WA=1.76), information manager (1.71), facilitator (WA=1.41), and evaluator (WA=1.32). Conclusions: KBs are mostly expert clinicians who tend to perform brokering activities part-time targeting their peers. Participants mostly perform linking agents, capacity builder, and information roles. Moreover, few participants received formal training to perform brokering activities.
Coculture with Hemicellulose-Fermenting Microbes Reverses Inhibition of Corn Fiber Solubilization by C. Thermocellum at Elevated Solids&nbsp;Loadings
Authors: Beri Dhananjay , Herring Christopher D , Blahova Sofie , Poudel Suresh , Giannone Richard , Hettich Robert , Lynd Lee R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum is an important biocatalyst due to its ability to solubilize lignocellulosic feedstocks without the need for pretreatment or exogenous enzyme addition. At low concentrations of substrate, C. thermocellum can solubilize corn fiber >95% in 5 days, but solubilization declines markedly at substrate concentrations higher than 20 g/L. This differs for model cellulose like Avicel, on which the maximum solubilization rate increases in proportion to substrate concentration. The goal of this study was to examine fermentation at increasing corn fiber concentrations and investigate possible reasons for declining performance.

Results

The rate of growth of C. thermocellum on corn fiber, inferred from CipA scaffoldin levels measured by LC-MS/MS, showed very little increase with increasing solids loading. To test for inhibition, we evaluated the effects of spent broth on growth and cellulase activity. The liquids remaining after corn fiber fermentation were found to be strongly inhibitory to growth on cellobiose, a substrate that does not require cellulose hydrolysis. Additionally, the hydrolytic activity of C. thermocellum cellulase was also reduced to less than half by adding spent broth. Noting that >15 g/L hemicellulose oligosaccharides accumulated in the spent broth of a 40 g/L corn fiber fermentation, we tested the effect of various model carbohydrates on growth on cellobiose and Avicel. Some compounds like xylooligosaccharides caused a decline in cellulolytic activity and a reduction in the maximum solubilization rate on Avicel. However, there were no relevant model compounds that could replicate the strong inhibition by spent broth on C. thermocellum growth on cellobiose. Cocultures of C. thermocellum with hemicellulose consuming partners - Herbinix spp. strain LL1355 and Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum –exhibited lower levels of unfermented hemicellulose hydrolysis products, a doubling of the maximum solubilization rate, and final solubilization increased from 67% to 93%.

Conclusions

This study documents inhibition of C. thermocellum with increasing corn fiber concentration and demonstrates inhibition of cellulase activity by xylooligosaccharides, but further work is needed to understand why growth on cellobiose was inhibited by corn fiber fermentation broth. Our results support the importance of hemicellulose-utilizing coculture partners to augment C. thermocellum in the fermentation of lignocellulosic feedstocks at high solids loading.
Knowledge of and Experience With Transgender Players Among Soccer Team Staff: A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Design
Authors: Sadamasu Aya , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Akagi Ryuichiro , Sasho Takahisa , Morikawa Tsuguo , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Transgender issues have become more prominent in sports. However, knowledge of and experience with supporting transgender players across soccer team staff remain unclear. This study surveyed soccer team staff in Japan and aimed to 1) evaluate staff’s level of knowledge of transgender-related terminology, 2) ascertain staff’s ability to identify transgender players and their experience in supporting transgender players, and 3) identify factors which affect staff’s knowledge and experience.Methods: A questionnaire was disbursed to coaches, physicians, and physical trainers affiliated with soccer teams between 2018 and 2019. Questions asked about 1) participant characteristics (sex, age, certified license, team categories); 2) understanding of transgender related terms, including LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender), and the IOC Consensus Meeting on Sex Reassignment and Hyperandrogenism (IOC Consensus Meeting 2015); 3) ability to identify transgender players; and 4) experience in supporting transgender players.Results: In total, 478 participants were analyzed, including 30 women, 448 men, and none of the other genders. The mean age of participants was 38 ± 10 years; 443 (93%) were 33 involved in men's soccer and105 (22%) were involved in women's soccer. While 358 (75%) and 398 (83%) participants understood the terms LGBT and transgender, only 33 (7%) were familiar with the IOC Consensus Meeting 2015. Only 70 (15%) participants could identify transgender players, and 6 (2%) had experiences supporting them. Moreover, 4 (1%) had witnessed transgender players receiving cross-sex hormone treatment.Conclusion: Although a considerable proportion of soccer support staff were familiar with transgender terms, most did not have sufficient knowledge or experience with transgender athletes.
Comparison of qSOFA score, SOFA Score, and SIRS Criteria for the Prediction of Infection and Mortality Among Surgical Intermediate and Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Koch Christian , Edinger Fabian , Fischer Tobias , Brenck Florian , Hecker Andreas , Katzer Christian , Markmann Melanie , Sander Michael , Schneck Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background It is crucial to rapidly identify sepsis so that adequate treatment may be initiated. Accordingly, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and the quick SOFA (qSOFA) score are used to evaluate intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients, respectively. As demand for ICU beds rises, the intermediate care unit (IMCU) carries greater importance as a bridge between the ICU and the regular ward. This study aimed to examine the ability of SOFA and qSOFA scores to predict sepsis and mortality in IMCU patients. Methods Retrospective data analysis included 13,780 surgical patients treated at the IMCU, ICU, or both between 01/01/2012 and 09/30/2018. Patients were screened for suspected infection (i.e., the commencement of broad-spectrum antibiotics) and then evaluated for the SOFA score, qSOFA score, and the 1992 defined systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Results Suspected infection was detected in 1,306 (18.3%) of IMCU, 1,365 (35.5%) of ICU, and 1,734 (62.0%) of IMCU/ICU encounters. Overall, 458 (3.3%) patients died (IMCU: 45 [0.6%]; ICU: 250 [6.5%]; IMCU/ICU: 163 [5.8%]). All investigated scores failed to predict sepsis independently of the analyzed subgroup. Regarding mortality prediction, the qSOFA score performed sufficiently within the IMCU cohort (AUCROC SIRS: 0.72 [0.71-0.72]; SOFA: 0.52 [0.51-0.53]; qSOFA: 0.82 [0.79-0.84]), while the SOFA score was predictive in patients of the IMCU/ICU cohort (AUCROC SIRS 0.54 [0.53-0.54]; SOFA 0.73 [0.70-0.77]; qSOFA 0.59 [0.58-0.59]). Conclusions None of the assessed scores was sufficiently able to predict sepsis in surgical ICU or IMCU patients with suspected infection. While the qSOFA score is appropriate for mortality prediction in IMCU patients, SOFA score prediction quality is increased in critically ill patients.
NSD2 Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis Through Methylating and Activating STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Song Da , Lan Jingqin , Chen Yaqi , Liu Anyi , Wu Qi , Zhao Chongchong , Feng Yongdong , Wang Jing , Luo Xuelai , Cao Zhixin , Hu Junbo , Wang Guihua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background：Tumor angiogenesis plays important roles in tumorigenesis and development, the regulation mechanism of angiogenesis is still not been fully elucidated. Nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2 (NSD2), a histone methyltransferase which catalyzes the di-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 36, has been proved a critical molecule in proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis. But its role in tumor angiogenesis remains unknown.Methods： Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), scratch assays, transwell-migration assays, tube-formation and mice xenograft model assays were used to confirm the role of NSD2 in the bioprocess of angiogenesis. Bioinformatics analysis, western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to verify the function of NSD2 in regulating STAT3 signaling pathway. Immunofluorescence co-localization, immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis were performed to determine the NSD2-dependent methylation site of STAT3.Results: Here we demonstrated that NSD2 promoted tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we confirmed that the angiogenic function of NSD2 was mediated by STAT3. Momentously, we found that NSD2 promoted the methylation of STAT3 and that the inhibition of STAT3 methylation resulted in the attenuation of STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis assays revealed that NSD2 methylated STAT3 at lysine 163 (K163), and K163 was of significance in the activation of STAT3 signaling pathway.Conclusion: We conclude that methylation of STAT3 catalyzed by NSD2 promotes the activation of STAT3 pathway and enhances the ability of tumor angiogenesis. Our findings investigate a NSD2 dependent methylation-phosphorylation regulation pattern of STAT3 and reveal that NSD2/STAT3/VEGFA axis might be a potential target for tumor therapy.
Beneficial Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Influenza a Virus
Authors: Tu Peng , Tian Rong , Lu Yan , Zhang Yunyi , Zhu Haiyan , Ling Lijun , Li Hong , Chen Daofeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as COVID-19 pandemic induced by SARS-CoV-2 led to Acute lung injury (ALI) and multiorgan failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of indigo naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice.Method: The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extracts of indigo naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg kg-1/d) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal mortality and lifespan were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA.Result: INAE inhibited virus growth on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophage in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) also significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as spleen and thymus weight and organ index at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon β (IFN-β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05). The increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) level in lung tissues were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that INae alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The effect of INAE might be related with its anti-virus, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties, which give a hint that indigo naturalis might be effective on respiratory viruses infected acute lung injury or SAR-CoV-2 caused COVID-19.
Transcriptome dynamics in early in vivo developing and in vitro produced porcine embryos
Authors: Weijden Vera A van der , Schmidhauser Meret , Kurome Mayuko , Flöter Veronika L , Knubben Johannes , Wolf Eckhard , Ulbrich Susanne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The transcriptional changes around the time of embryonic genome activation in pre-implantation embryos indicate that this process is highly dynamic. In vitro produced porcine blastocysts are known to be less competent than in vivo developed blastocysts. To understand the conditions that compromise developmental competence of in vitro embryos, it is crucial to evaluate the transcriptional profile of porcine embryos during pre-implantation stages. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome dynamics in in vivo developed and in vitro produced 4-cell embryos, morulae and hatched blastocysts.

Results

In vivo developed and in vitro produced embryos displayed largely similar transcriptome profiles during development. Enriched canonical pathways from the 4-cell to the morula transition that were shared between in vivo developed and in vitro produced embryos included oxidative phosphorylation, tRNA charging, and EIF2 signaling. The shared canonical pathways from the morula to the hatched blastocyst transition were 14-3-3-mediated signaling, signaling of Rho family GTPases, and NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response. The in vivo developed and in vitro produced hatched blastocysts were compared to identify molecular signaling pathways indicative of lower developmental competence of in vitro produced hatched blastocysts. A higher metabolic rate and expression of the arginine transporter SLC7A1 were found in in vitro produced hatched blastocysts.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that embryos with compromised developmental potential are arrested at an early stage of development, while embryos developing to the hatched blastocyst stage display largely similar transcriptome profiles, irrespective of embryo source. The hatched blastocysts derived from the in vitro fertilization-pipeline showed an enrichment in molecular signaling pathways associated with lower developmental competence, compared to the in vivo developed embryos.
Research Between Sleep Quality and Interpersonal Sensitivity of Chinese College Students
Authors: Tang Haiying , Guo Bao , Lang Yanzhi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background To investigate and to explore the relationship between sleep quality and interpersonal sensitivity of Chinese college students.Method During the period from April 2019 to May 2019, the university students from five universities in Shanxi Province of China were selected by occasional sampling method. The research has received permission from Research Ethics Committee of ShanXi Medical University(2016010). A cross-sectional survey was conducted with the Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and the self-designed questionnaire. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 901 college students were investigated. The average score of interpersonal sensitivity was 17.72±6.46, and 9.0% of college students were in the state of interpersonal sensitivity. Grade and specialty are the influencing factors of interpersonal sensitivity (p<0.05). The total PSQI score was 4.43±2.56. 28.0% of college students had poor sleep quality. Major was the influencing factor of sleep quality (p<0.001). In the multiple linear regression models, we found that daytime dysfunction, sleep disorder, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and sleep time were the main factors affecting interpersonal sensitivity.Conclusions The higher the PSQI score, the higher the interpersonal sensitivity score. Among the dimensions of sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, sleep disorder, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and sleep time can affect interpersonal sensitivity.
Hydrogen Sulfide Sorption by Soils
Authors: Bohn Hinrich L. , Fu‐Yong  , Huang‐Chenghe  
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sorption of H2S gas was measured in columns of soils of varying pH, clay, organic‐matter, and Fe‐oxide contents. The amounts and rates of H2S adsorption were primarily related to Feoxide content. The soil‐H2S sorption was only slightly affected by the H2S flow rate. When the H2S‐treated soils were exposed to air, the reaction product oxidized to elemental S and Fe oxide within several hours. The oxidation regenerated the H2S sorption capacity. The soil were run through four cycles of H2S sorption and oxidation without reducing the sorption capacity. The S accumulated in the soil as elemental S.
Massed versus Embedded Trial Arrangements: Teaching Community Signs to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: ŞAHİN Şerife , ÖZEN Arzu 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching the meaning of community signs with massed trial arrangements (MTA) and embedded trial arrangements (ETA) using constant time delay intervention. The constant time delay intervention was used two different arrangements; MTA versus ETA. The study was conduct with four boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder, aged between 44-64 months. An adapted alternating design was used. The two arrangements were equally effective in terms of the number of sessions required for participants to learn the meaning of the signs. However, MTA sessions were much shorter. The study asked participants’ preferred arrangement; two chose MTA and two chose ETA.
Optimum design and operation of a hydropower reservoir considering uncertainty of inflow
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Toktam , Shourian Mojtaba , Yazdi Jafar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Due to the large number of variables and nonlinear relations, hydropower plant design and operation optimization problems belong to the Non-polynomial hard class of problems. In this study, optimum design and operation of a hydropower reservoir is compared in two cases using deterministic and stochastic inflows by two meta-heuristic algorithms. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) are applied under two conditions of using the historical inflow time series as a deterministic approach and the eigenvector-based synthetic generations as a stochastic approach for optimum design and operation of the Bakhtiari hydropower plant in Iran. The problem is solved in two states of finding the optimum values for the reservoir and power plant capacities (as the design decision variables) with known standard operation policy (SOP) and optimum values for the capacities and the reservoir releases variables (as the design and operating variables). Results obtained by the models indicate that the role of operation optimization is negligible as the SOP used in the design models led to near optimum solutions. Considering uncertainty in the reservoir inflows resulted in an increase of the installation capacity and consequently the energy production. In addition, PSO demonstrated more efficiency compared to COA in dealing with the proposed optimization problem that has a complex feasible search space.