bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Quality of Life Outcomes After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass—a Comparative Study
Authors: Fiorani Cristina , Coles Sophie R. , Kulendran Myutan , McGlone Emma Rose , Reddy Marcus , Khan Omar A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have been shown to improve metabolic comorbidities as well as quality of life (QoL) in the obese population. The vast majority of previous studies have investigated the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery and there is a dearth of studies examining long-term QoL outcomes post bariatric surgery. The outcomes of 43 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were prospectively assessed, using BAROS questionnaires to quantify QoL and metabolic status pre-operatively, at 1 year and at 8 years. Total weight loss and comorbidity resolution were similar between RYGB and SG. The RYGB cohort experienced greater QoL improvement from baseline and had higher BAROS scores at 8 years. RYGB may provide more substantial and durable long-term benefits as compared to SG.
Damage Analysis in Dual-Phase Steel Using Deep Learning: Transfer from Uniaxial to Biaxial Straining Conditions by Image Data Augmentation
Authors: Medghalchi Setareh , Kusche Carl F. , Karimi Ehsan , Kerzel Ulrich , Korte-Kerzel Sandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrostructural damage can occur during metal forming, but how and where this happens vary with the local microstructure and strain path. Large-scale analysis of such damage mechanisms is particularly important in advanced steels with a heterogeneous phase distribution.
In our previous work, we demonstrated that deep learning enables a mechanism-based, statistical analysis by classifying many individual damage sites. The aim of this work is to generalize this approach to different stress states, e.g., biaxial instead of uniaxial tension, without manually labeling a large new ground-truth dataset of further micrographs and to thereby assess the changes in damage behavior with respect to stress state. Data augmentation and regularization allow us to directly apply our approach to the new, biaxial loading case. Overall, the network performance could be greatly improved and an analysis of changes in damage behavior, here the martensite crack angle distribution, with stress state can now be performed.
IL-17 Triggers Invasive and Migratory Properties in Human MSCs, while IFNy Favors their Immunosuppressive Capabilities: Implications for the “Licensing” Process
Authors: Du-Rocher Bárbara , Binato Renata , de-Freitas-Junior Julio Cesar Madureira , Corrêa Stephany , Mencalha André Luiz , Morgado-Díaz José Andrés , Abdelhay Eliana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were first used as a source for cell therapy in 1995; however, despite their versatility and unambiguous demonstration of efficacy and safety in preclinical/phase I studies, the positive effect of MSCs in human phase III studies did not resemble the success obtained in mouse models of disease. This dissonance highlights the need to more thoroughly study the immunobiology of MSCs to make better use of these cells. Thus, we aimed to study the immunobiology of MSCs by using chip array analysis as a method for general screening to obtain a global picture in our model study and found IFNy and IL-17 signaling as the first two “top canonical pathways” involved in MSCs immunomodulation. The role of IFNy in triggering the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs is well recognized by many groups; however, the role of IL-17 in this process remains uncertain. Interestingly, in contrast to IFNy, which actively improved the MSCs-mediated immunosuppression, IL-17 did not improve directly the MSCs-mediated immunosuppression. Instead, IL-17 signaling induced the migration of MSCs and inflammatory cells, bringing these cell types together and increasing the likelihood of the lymphocytes sensing the immunosuppressive molecules produced by the MSCs. These effects also correlated with high levels of cytokine/chemokine production and metalloprotease activation by MSCs. Importantly, this treatment maintained the MSCs safety profile by not inducing the expression of molecules related to antigen presentation. In this way, our findings highlight the possibility of using IL-17, in combination with IFNy, to prime MSCs for cell therapy to improve their biological properties and thus their therapeutic efficacy. Finally, the use of preactivated MSCs may also minimize variations among MSCs to produce more uniform therapeutic products. In the not-so-distant future, we envisage a portfolio of MSCs activated by different cocktails specifically designed to target and treat specific diseases.
An Optimized Mouse Brain Atlas for Automated Mapping and Quantification of Neuronal Activity Using iDISCO+ and Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Perens Johanna , Salinas Casper Gravesen , Skytte Jacob Lercke , Roostalu Urmas , Dahl Anders Bjorholm , Dyrby Tim B. , Wichern Franziska , Barkholt Pernille , Vrang Niels , Jelsing Jacob , Hecksher-Sørensen Jacob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the combination of whole-brain immunolabelling, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and subsequent registration of data with a common reference atlas, has enabled 3D visualization and quantification of fluorescent markers or tracers in the adult mouse brain. Today, the common coordinate framework version 3 developed by the Allen’s Institute of Brain Science (AIBS CCFv3), is widely used as the standard brain atlas for registration of LSFM data. However, the AIBS CCFv3 is based on histological processing and imaging modalities different from those used for LSFM imaging and consequently, the data differ in both tissue contrast and morphology. To improve the accuracy and speed by which LSFM-imaged whole-brain data can be registered and quantified, we have created an optimized digital mouse brain atlas based on immunolabelled and solvent-cleared brains. Compared to the AIBS CCFv3 atlas, our atlas resulted in faster and more accurate mapping of neuronal activity as measured by c-Fos expression, especially in the hindbrain. We further demonstrated utility of the LSFM atlas by comparing whole-brain quantitative changes in c-Fos expression following acute administration of semaglutide in lean and diet-induced obese mice. In combination with an improved algorithm for c-Fos detection, the LSFM atlas enables unbiased and computationally efficient characterization of drug effects on whole-brain neuronal activity patterns. In conclusion, we established an optimized reference atlas for more precise mapping of fluorescent markers, including c-Fos, in mouse brains processed for LSFM.
Removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater by adsorption onto Ethiopian low-cost Odaracha adsorbent
Authors: Birhanu Yohanis , Leta Seyoum , Adam Getachew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNowadays, Cr-loaded wastewater released from industrial activities pose an increasing risk to human health and the environment. Adsorption processes have been widely used for the removal of chromium from the waste stream. In this regard, natural adsorbents are the most preferable and cost-effective methods. In this study, the efficiency of Odaracha adsorbent as a novel green technology in the removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater is analyzed. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration of adsorbate on Cr removal. The surface morphology of Odaracha adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Experimental results showed that Odaracha adsorbent could perform effectively in a wide range of experimental conditions. However, in optimum experimental conditions, such as 180-min contact time, pH 3, and 15 g/L of adsorbent dose Odaracha adsorbent removes 94.68% of Cr from an aqueous solution having 110 mg/L of Cr concentration.
Research on Subhealth Diagnosis Method for Resistance of Urban Rail Transit Door System
Authors: Wei Sulai , Xu Zhixing , Chen Jianfei , Shi Xiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rail vehicle door system is one of the key components of rail vehicles. Its failure rate accounts for more than 30% of vehicle failures. By analyzing early warnings provided by subhealth data from the door system, the efficiency and reliability of their health maintenance can be effectively improved and stable operation of the door system can also be guaranteed. In this paper, early-stage resistance changes in the subhealth state of rail vehicle door systems are considered as the research object. Firstly, the distribution rules for the motor parameters are studied, and the time-domain and normal operating envelope features of the operating motor are extracted. Secondly, subhealth conditions with different resistances are simulated using a test rig, and the experimental data are applied to summarize the rules. According to the subhealth types and the distribution of features, diagnostic rules for subhealth are formulated. To check the possibility of fault diagnosis, a verification using running rail vehicle door system data is carried out in MATLAB. The results reveal that the misdiagnosis rate of resistance subhealth is 0% while the rate of missed diagnoses is 2%. Meanwhile, the diagnostic process based on the established rules is relatively efficient. This method is suitable for application for resistance subhealth diagnosis of urban rail vehicle door systems.
Regression, Progression and Renewal: The Continuous Redevelopment of Expertise in Police Use of Force Coaching
Authors: Staller Mario S. , Körner Swen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProfessionalism in law enforcement requires the identification and development of expertise of police use of force (PUOF) coaches. Effective PUOF training includes the transfer from the training into the real-world environment of policing. This difference between working in the field and working as a PUOF coach has not been thoroughly investigated. However, research in other professional domains has shown that practical competence in the subject matter itself does not make a coach effective or successful. With this article, we conceptualize expert practice in PUOF instruction on the basis of a conflict management training setting in the security domain. First, by discussing a model of “territories of expertise”, we point out the dynamic and contextual character of expertise within the PUOF domain. Second, by conceptualizing expertise as a process and effect of communication, we provide a framework that describes and examines the interdependency between performance-based and reputation-based expertise. These considerations present two practical challenges, which we recommend professional law enforcement institutions to engage. We close by providing practical orientations and pointers for addressing these issues.
Real-Time Assessment of the Burden on the Community of Informal Caregivers. A Pilot Study
Authors: Pettini Anna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGood mental health is a critical part of individual well-being, and one of the cornerstones of community well-being. This paper focuses on the community of parents of young psychiatric patients, whose well-being loss is significant because of the enormous burden of suffering that results from their children’s illness. This burden is seldom considered by the ordinary calculations of the costs of mental illness. We suggest that digital daily diaries (DDDs) with instant reporting can become a powerful tool to estimate the intangible costs of mental illness, namely the loss of well-being suffered by the community of informal caregivers. A pilot study was carried out to test the validity of the digital tool. The results of instant reports provide accurate information and are consistent with those obtained through other traditional survey methods. The digital data-gathering tool can be extended to design an affordable, prompt, and cost-effective possible solution for policy-oriented interventions. Besides, this digital tool can easily be extended to collect real-time big data and to use them in conjunction with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to give professionals a powerful tool to face a relevant community issue.
Have the Characteristics for Success as a Surgeon Changed? A Century of Perspective Through the American College of Surgeons
Authors: Young Katelyn A. , Lee Samantha M. , Adams Matthew D. , Buonpane Christie L. , Hayek Sarah A. , Shabahang Mohsen M. , Rogers David A. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
The Presidential Address of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) is an influential platform during the convocation for new Fellows every year. Recent work reported that most ACS presidents primarily discuss personal characteristics for success; however, these qualities were never specified. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the personal characteristics that are espoused in ACS presidential addresses as essential for success as a surgeon.

STUDY DESIGN:
Thematic analysis was completed for every ACS presidential address (98 addresses between 1913 and 2019). Full-text addresses were reviewed (2 team members), personal characteristics were coded (1 team member) and then assembled into patterns and themes (3 team-members' consensus). A temporal frame was adopted in grouping these themes in that personal qualities that appeared consistently throughout this period were classified as Enduring Characteristics and those that emerged only in later years were classified as Recent Characteristics.

RESULTS:
Enduring Characteristics that were present throughout the century included sincere compassion for patients; integrity; engagement (willingness to help shape the changing field at the institutional or national level); and commitment to lifelong learning. Recent Characteristics included humility and the interpersonal attributes of inclusivity and the ability to be a collaborative team leader.

CONCLUSIONS:
Surgery has experienced countless paradigm shifts since 1913, and the perceived characteristics for success have similarly evolved to include more interpersonal abilities. The importance of sincere compassion for patients, integrity, engagement, and commitment to lifelong learning remained consistent for more than a century.
Dexamethasone Improves Wound Healing by Decreased Inflammation and Increased Vasculogenesis in Mouse Skin Frostbite Model
Authors: Tu Huiyin , Zhang Dongze , Barksdale Aaron N. , Wadman Michael C. , Muelleman Robert L. , Li Yu-Long 
Published: October 2020

Introduction Frostbite is thought to result from initial vasoconstriction, ischemia, intracellular ice crystal formation, and inflammation caused by reperfusion injury. Corticosteroids have demonstrated beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of other ischemia/reperfusion clinical conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dexamethasone (dex) on wound healing, inflammatory response, and vasculogenesis in a mouse skin frostbite model. Methods Treatment and control groups of C57/BL6 mice were subjected to frostbite using a previously described model. Treatment with intraperitoneal dex (1 mg·kg-1·d-1) began on the day of frostbite induction and lasted for 7 d. Over 4 wk, we compared wound diameter; morphology by visual inspection, hematoxylin–eosin staining, and Masson’s trichrome staining; density of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα using Western blot analysis; and formation of microvasculature using immunofluorescence staining. Data were analyzed using 1-way or 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results After frostbite injury, morphological images demonstrated epidermal necrosis and loss in the frostbitten skin as well as infiltration of inflammation-related leukocytes. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines and disappearance of the microvasculature also occurred in the frostbitten skin. In comparison to the control group, treatment with dex promoted wound healing as demonstrated by decreased wound diameter; decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines, and accelerated formation of mature microvasculature. Conclusions In this animal model, dex improved wound healing in frostbitten skin and demonstrated both anti-inflammatory effects and stimulation of vasculogenesis. This study suggests that the use of potent anti-inflammatory agents may be an effective strategy for mitigating frostbite injury.
Implementation of infectious diseases rapid molecular diagnostic tests and antimicrobial stewardship program involvement in acute-care hospitals
Authors: Kondo Maiko , Simon Matthew S. , Westblade Lars F. , Jenkins Stephen G. , Babady N. Esther , Loo Angela S. , Calfee David P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA survey of acute-care hospitals found that rapid molecular diagnostic tests (RMDTs) have been widely adopted. Although many hospitals use their antimicrobial stewardship team and/or guidelines to help clinicians interpret results and optimize treatment, opportunities to more fully achieve the potential benefits of RMDTs remain.
Transformation of aqueous protein attenuated total reflectance infra-red absorbance spectroscopy to transmission
Authors: Rodger Alison , Steel Michael J. , Goodchild Sophia C. , Chmel Nikola P. , Reason Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInfrared (IR) spectroscopy is increasingly being used to probe the secondary structure of proteins, especially for high-concentration samples and biopharmaceuticals in complex formulation vehicles. However, the small path lengths required for aqueous protein transmission experiments, due to high water absorbance in the amide I region of the spectrum, means that the path length is not accurately known, so only the shape of the band is ever considered. This throws away a dimension of information. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) IR spectroscopy is much easier to implement than transmission IR spectroscopy and, for a given instrument and sample, gives reproducible spectra. However, the ATR-absorbance spectrum varies with sample concentration and instrument configuration, and its wavenumber dependence differs significantly from that observed in transmission spectroscopy. In this paper, we determine, for the first time, how to transform water and aqueous protein ATR spectra into the corresponding transmission spectra with appropriate spectral shapes and intensities. The approach is illustrated by application to water, concanavalin A, haemoglobin and lysozyme. The transformation is only as good as the available water refractive index data. A hybrid of literature data provides the best results. The transformation also allows the angle of incidence of an ATR crystal to be determined. This opens the way to using both spectral shape and spectra intensity for protein structure fitting.
Getting and spending in London and Yorkshire: a young musician’s account book for 1799–1800
Authors: Baldwin Olive , Wilson Thelma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn March 1799 John White was 20 years old and already an experienced professional violinist and cellist. He kept a detailed account book between March 1799 and March 1800 that provides much information about the economic and professional life of a young musician at the very end of the eighteenth century. White had showed early musical promise, and when he was 15 he attracted the patronage of the future Lord Harewood, who enabled him to take lessons from leading musical figures and appointed him as his director of music. White lived at Harewood House, near Leeds, but he spent some months of the London season each year with the Harewood family in their house in Hanover Square. The accounts show how White earned money in London by playing at private and public concerts and deputising at almost every place of musical entertainment in the capital. In Yorkshire he led orchestras in concerts and oratorio performances, took on pupils and visited Scarborough. White’s meticulous lists of his income and expenditure, from an expensive violin, a harp and harp lessons to silk stockings, waistcoats and hair ribbon, paint a fascinating picture of a young man making his way in the musical profession.
Input spacing in second language classroom settings: Replications of Bird (2010) and Serrano (2011)
Authors: Rogers John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes the replication of Bird's (2010) and Serrano's (2011) studies, which examined distribution of practice effects in second language acquisition (SLA). These studies, which took place in authentic classroom contexts, produced conflicting results regarding the degree to which the learning of a second language (L2) benefited from distributed instruction. In the first part of the paper, I discuss the distribution of practice research in the learning and teaching of L2s. I then describe Bird's (2010) and Serrano's (2011) work, and highlight the strengths and limitations of the approaches of these studies. Finally, a number of approaches to approximate replications are suggested for each study in order to assess the reliability, internal validity, and generalizability of the original findings
Status and short-term environmental changes of lakes in the area of Devil's Bay, Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Kavan Jan , Nedbalová Linda , Nývlt Daniel , Čejka Tomáš , Lirio Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change affects various components of the polar environment, including lacustrine systems in many regions of the Antarctic Peninsula. However, the recent status of these life-preserving habitats remains poorly known. We performed field geomorphological mapping and limnological characterization of lakes distributed across Devil's Bay in the northern area of Vega Island, James Ross Archipelago, and described some significant changes in their physical and chemical properties during the 2013 summer season. Fifty lakes were described in the area, even though the area is relatively small (~12 km2). Six major lake types were distinguished based on their geomorphological settings and their origins, and their hydrochemical properties were compared with the neighbouring lake districts. The geomorphic characteristics of the lakes range from stable lakes on till plains (21 out of 50 lakes), to kettle lakes on fresh moraines with an unstable shoreline, to very dynamic ice-contact lakes with fluctuating water levels and inundated areas. The ice-contact lake dynamics were observed using ‘Lake Payer’ as an example. At the interface between hydrology and geosciences, this study provides new and original data from a yet largely unexplored region and emphasizes the importance of cross-disciplinary research in polar sciences.